bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Risk of Gout Attacks
Authors: Choi Hyon K. , Niu Jingbo , Neogi Tuhina , Chen Clara A. , Chaisson Christine , Hunter David , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveSeveral plausible mechanisms and anecdotal descriptions suggest that gout attacks often occur at night, although there are no scientific data supporting this. We undertook this study to evaluate the hypothesis that gout attacks occur more frequently at night.MethodsWe conducted a case‐crossover study to examine the risk of acute gout attacks in relation to the time of the day. Gout patients were prospectively recruited and followed up via the internet for 1 year. Participants were asked about the following information concerning their gout attacks: the date and hour of attack onset, symptoms and signs, medication use, and purported risk factors during the 24‐ and 48‐hour periods prior to the gout attack. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) of gout attacks (with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) according to three 8‐hour time blocks of the day (i.e., 12:00 AM to 7:59 AM, 8:00 AM to 3:59 PM [reference], and 4:00 PM to 11:59 PM) using conditional logistic regression.ResultsOur study included 724 gout patients who experienced a total of 1,433 attacks (733, 310, and 390 attacks during the first, second, and third 8‐hour time blocks, respectively) over 1 year. The risk of gout flares in the 8‐hour overnight time block (12:00 AM to 7:59 AM) was 2.36 times higher than in the daytime (8:00 AM to 3:59 PM) (OR 2.36 [95% CI 2.05–2.73]). The corresponding OR in the evening (4:00 PM to 11:59 PM) was 1.26 (95% CI 1.07–1.48). These associations persisted among those with no alcohol use and in the lowest quintile of purine intake in the 24 hours prior to attack onset. Furthermore, these associations persisted in subgroups according to sex, age group, obesity status, diuretic use, and use of allopurinol, colchicine, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.ConclusionThese findings provide the first prospective evidence that the risk of gout attacks during the night and early morning is 2.4 times higher than in the daytime. Further, these data support the purported mechanisms and historical descriptions of the nocturnal onset of gout attacks and may have implications for antigout prophylactic measures.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 from Lycium chinense
Authors: Tian Xiaowei , Ji Jing , Wang Gang , Jin Chao , Guan Chunfeng , Wu Guangxia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCarotenoids are key precursor for aroma compounds in plants. Although the fruit of Lycium chinense contains numerous carotenoids, the formation mechanism of aroma compounds in L. chinense is still poorly understood. In this study, a new carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (termed LmCCD1) was identified from the leaves of L. chinense. Expression analysis by semiquantitative PCR reveals that LmCCD1 gene is expressed in different tissues of L. chinense, and dominant expression of LmCCD1 gene was found in leaves, flowers, and ripe fruits. In addition, the expression level of LmCCD1 in fruits is in accordance with the content of β‐ionone. Finally, recombinantly expressed LmCCD1 can cleave β‐carotene and lycopene to produce β‐ionone and pseudoionone in in vitro assays. These results indicate that LmCCD1 a novel carotenoids cleavage dioxygenase gene that may regulate the metabolic pathways responsible for aroma metabolite production (such as β‐ionone and pseudoionone) in L. chinense has been identified.
The Community Story, Relationality and Process: Bridging Tools for Researching Local Knowledge in a Peri‐urban Township
Authors: Lau Ursula , Seedat Mohamed 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn intervening in social challenges impacting local communities, Western forms of dispute/conflict resolution have been critiqued for imparting norms, values and practices that marginalise worldviews of indigenous people. From a decolonizing stance, indigenous scholars have emphasised the need for recovery of ‘lost’ values, beliefs and practices to advance indigenous knowledge. We highlight some of the conceptual challenges associated with applying ‘indigenous knowledge’ and culture‐specific ‘indigenous methodologies’ to a marginalised peri‐urban, ethnically plural township community situated on the outskirts of Johannesburg, South Africa. In embracing the mutuality of indigenous and Western knowledge forms, we explore three elements: the community story, relationality and process in relation to initial engagements with our study community. We attempt to transcend the dualism between ‘Western’ epistemologies and ‘indigenous knowledge’ through these ‘bridging concepts’. What is offered is not a formula or model but an orientation that aims to foster mutual learning through collaborative partnerships within and between communities and researchers with a view to inspiring possibilities for creative and meaningful solutions for violence prevention and dispute/conflict resolution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron‐Catalysed Hydrofunctionalisation of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Greenhalgh Mark D. , Jones Alison S. , Thomas Stephen P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe metal‐catalysed hydrofunctionalisation of alkenes and alkynes provides a convenient and atom‐economic route to diversely functionalised products with control of regio‐, chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. As one of the most abundant elements on earth, iron offers a level of sustainable and long‐term availability that is uncommon for most transition metals. Although iron is commonly found in the oxidation states of +2 and +3, the use of redox‐active ligands has allowed the synthesis and application of low oxidation state iron complexes in catalysis. A broad range of hydrofunctionalisation reactions have been developed by using iron catalysts in a wide variety of oxidation states. Intense development over the past decade has resulted in the development of iron‐catalysed hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation, hydrocarboxylation, hydrothiolation, hydrovinylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrophosphination, hydromagnesiation and carbonylation reactions, amongst others. With the field still in its infancy, there is great potential for further developments in the mechanistic understanding and synthetic and industrial applicability of these processes.
A Heteroleptic Ferrous Complex with Mesoionic Bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) Ligands: Taming the MLCT Excited State of Iron(II)
Authors: Liu Yizhu , Kjær Kasper S. , Fredin Lisa A. , Chábera Pavel , Harlang Tobias , Canton Sophie E. , Lidin Sven , Zhang Jianxin , Lomoth Reiner , Bergquist Karl‐Erik , Persson Petter , Wärnmark Kenneth , Sundström Villy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractStrongly σ‐donating N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have revived research interest in the catalytic chemistry of iron, and are now also starting to bring the photochemistry and photophysics of this abundant element into a new era. In this work, a heteroleptic FeII complex (1) was synthesized based on sequentially furnishing the FeII center with the benchmark 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) ligand and the more strongly σ‐donating mesoionic ligand, 4,4′‐bis(1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) (btz). Complex 1 was comprehensively characterized by electrochemistry, static and ultrafast spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations and compared to [Fe(bpy)3](PF6)2 and (TBA)2[Fe(bpy)(CN)4]. Heteroleptic complex 1 extends the absorption spectrum towards longer wavelengths compared to a previously synthesized homoleptic FeII NHC complex. The combination of the mesoionic nature of btz and the heteroleptic structure effectively destabilizes the metal‐centered (MC) states relative to the triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state in 1, rendering it a lifetime of 13 ps, the longest to date of a photochemically stable FeII complex. Deactivation of the 3MLCT state is proposed to proceed via the 3MC state that strongly couples with the singlet ground state.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Helicene‐Based Imidazolium Salt and Its Application in Organic Molecular Electronics
Authors: Storch Jan , Zadny Jaroslav , Strasak Tomas , Kubala Martin , Sykora Jan , Dusek Michal , Cirkva Vladimir , Matejka Pavel , Krbal Milos , Vacek Jan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHerein we demonstrate the synthesis of a helicene‐based imidazolium salt. The salt was prepared by starting from racemic 2‐methyl[6]helicene, which undergoes radical bromination to yield 2‐(bromomethyl)[6]helicene. Subsequent treatment with 1‐butylimidazole leads to the corresponding salt 1‐butyl‐3‐(2‐methyl[6]helicenyl)‐imidazolium bromide. The prepared salt was subsequently characterized by using NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis, various optical spectrometric techniques, and computational chemistry tools. Finally, the imidazolium salt was immobilized onto a SiO2 substrate as a crystalline or amorphous deposit. The deposited layers were used for the development of organic molecular semiconductor devices and the construction of a fully reversible humidity sensor.
Nanorattles or Yolk–Shell Nanoparticles—What Are They, How Are They Made, and What Are They Good For?
Authors: Priebe Magdalena , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe development of nanotechnology has led to the design of cutting‐edge nanomaterials with increasing levels of complexity. Although “traditional” solid, uniform nanoparticles are still the most frequently reported structures, new generations of nanoparticles have been constantly emerging over the last several decades. The outcome of this nano‐art extends beyond nanomaterials with alternative compositions and/or morphologies. The current state‐of‐the‐art allows for the design of nanostructures composed of different building blocks that exhibit diverse properties. Furthermore, those properties can be a reflection of either individual features, which are characteristic of a particular building block alone, and/or synergistic effects resulting from interactions between building blocks. Therefore, the unique structures as well as the outstanding properties of nanorattles have attracted increasing attention for possible biomedical and industrial applications. Although these nanoparticles resemble core–shell particles, they have a distinctive feature, which is a presence of a void that provides a homogenous environment for the encapsulated core. In this Review, we give a comprehensive insight into the fabrication of nanorattles. A special emphasis is put on the choice of building blocks as well as the choice of preparation method, because those two aspects further influence properties and thus possible future applications, which will also be discussed.
Wiring Laccase on Covalently Modified Graphene: Carbon Nanotube Assemblies for the Direct Bio‐electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen
Authors: Lalaoui Noémie , Le Goff Alan , Holzinger Michael , Mermoux Michel , Cosnier Serge 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (RGO) was covalently functionalized by the in situ generation and reduction of anthraquinone diazonium salt. Deposition on multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) electrodes prevents the aggregation of RGO nanosheets and allows the stable deposition of modified graphene, accompanied with excellent electron transfer properties. Laccases were immobilized on the nanostructured electrode by the interaction between the anthraquinone moiety and the laccase hydrophobic pocket located near the T1 copper center. The MWCNT/f‐RGO electrode exhibits efficient bioelectrocatalytic oxygen reduction, with current densities of up to 0.9 mA cm−2.
Bis(N‐Confused Porphyrin) as a Semirigid Receptor with a Chirality Memory: A Two‐Way Host Enantiomerization through Point‐to‐Axial Chirality Transfer
Authors: Chmielewski Piotr J. , Siczek Marta , Stępień Marcin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe adduct formation of protonated bis(N‐confused porphyrin) (BNCP, 3,3′‐bis(meso‐tetratolyl‐2‐aza‐21‐carbaporphyrin) with chiral anions, carboxylic acids, and alcohols was studied in solution by means of 1H NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analysis and DFT methods. The addition of enantiopure guests to the acidified BNCP resulted in optical activity that vanished after neutralization. Pairs of the 1H NMR‐distinguishable diastereomers were formed when enantiopure guests were applied, although a single form was observed upon the addition of the racemic mixtures in each case. Unidirectional configuration change that led to diastereomeric excess was observed in several instances. Such an excess was memorized by metalation of the adducts with AgBF4, thus resulting in optically active silver(III) complexes of BNCP with some enantiomeric excess. Absolute configurations of BNCP cations and bis(zinc) and bis(silver(III)) complexes were determined on the basis of time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT calculations of their CD spectra. It was shown that some of the chiral carboxylates induced opposite directions of enantiomerization of di‐ and tetracations or di‐/tetracation and bis(zinc) complexes. The source of the optical activity of the equimolar diastereomeric mixture of adducts is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of Ni—Co—Mn—Sn Heusler Alloy Composition for Near Room Temperature Magnetic Cooling.
Authors: Chen X. , Naik V. B. , Mahendiran R. , Ramanujan R. V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe effect of both Co and Mn substitution in the title alloys on the magnetocaloric properties, thermopower, electrical resistivity, and structural and magnetic phase transitions are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect in Ternary REAgAl (RE: Er and Ho) Intermetallic Compounds.
Authors: Zhang Yikun , Yang Baijun , Wilde Gerhard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe intermetallics of title are prepared by arc melting of the elements and subsequent annealing (evacuated quartz tubes, 873 K, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Purity Fe3S4 Greigite Microcrystals for Magnetic and Electrochemical Performance.
Authors: Palstra Thomas T. M. , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe title microcrystals are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions containing FeCl2, L‐cysteine, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant (autoclave, 165 °C, 40 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Fluorous Benzoquinones and Their Application in Deprotection of Silyl Ethers.
Authors: Matsubara Hiroshi , Maegawa Takahiko , Kita Yasuaki , Yokoji Takato , Nomoto Akihiro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFluorous 1,4‐benzoquinones (I) are prepared and tested as catalysts in the deprotection of silyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkoxylation of 2‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Shi Suping , Kuang Chunxiang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe presented reaction provides ortho alkoxylated aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and aryl compounds bearing different directing N‐heterocyclic substituents in good yields and is tolerant to a broad scope of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the New Reactivity of Chiral Acrylamides and Unprotected Pyrroles: Diastereoselective and Carbonyl Compatible 1,4‐Addition.
Authors: Gratais Alexandre , Pannecoucke Xavier , Bouzbouz Samir 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe methodology is applied to di‐, tri‐ and tetrapeptidic acrylamides as well as dipeptidic α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Bond Activation from Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Amides.
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Xiang , Wang Yan‐Jing , Wang Nai‐Xing , Zhang Wei , Bai Cui‐Bing , Li Yi‐He , Wen Jia‐Long 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe reaction of (I) with N‐methylformamide or N‐methylacetamide, respectively, yields only trace amounts of the corresponding products.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminosulfonylation of Aromatic Amines, Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrazines.
Authors: Zheng Danqing , Li Ying , An Yuanyuan , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA facile route to aromatic N‐aminosulfonamides (III) (24 examples) via reaction of aromatic amines with sulfur dioxide and hydrazines under mild conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral 2,3‐Disubstituted Indolines from Indoles and Aldehydes by Organocatalyzed Tandem Synthesis Involving Reduction by Trichlorosilane.
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Chao , Zhou Li , Sun Jian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA variety of 2,3‐disubstituted indolines are synthesized from 2‐methylindoles and various aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted 4‐Acetonylindoles via Sequential Dearomatization and Silver‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction.
Authors: Feng Xin , Wang Huiqing , Yang Bo , Fan Renhua 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSynthetically useful two steps/one pot reaction of 4‐acetonylindoles, which is prepared from 2‐alkynylanilines and silyl enol ethers using a dearomatization strategy, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cascade Reaction to Carbazoles and Naphthalenes via Dehydrative [3 + 3]‐Annulation.
Authors: Wang Shaoyin , Chai Zhuo , Wei Yun , Zhu Xiancui , Zhou Shuangliu , Wang Shaowu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis novel reaction proceeds through a cascade process involving the cleavage and formation of multiple chemical bonds in a single operation releasing water as the only by‐product with readily available electron‐rich benzylic alcohols and propargylic alcohols as starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: InBr3‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Hexahydro‐1H‐furo[3,4‐c]pyran Derivatives.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Reddy M. Ramana , Sridhar B. , Reddy C. Suresh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe γ,δ‐unsaturated alcohol (I) undergoes a smooth bicyclization (novel Prins bicyclization strategy) with various aldehydes to yield a new series of the title compounds [(III) and (V)] with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Some Novel 6‐Alkyl or Aryl‐7H‐tetrazolo[5,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine.
Authors: Eftekhar Melika , Eshghi Hossein , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Bakavoli Mehdi , Saberi Sattar 
Published: December 2014

Abstract8 Title compounds of type (III) or (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: New Triterpenoids from the Fruiting Bodies of Ganoderma lucidum and Their Bioactivities.
Authors: Liu Dong‐Ze , Zhu Yi‐Qun , Li Xiao‐Fei , Shan Wei‐Gang , Gao Peng‐Fei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTwo new triterpenoids (I) and (II) are isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Ganoderma lucidum.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids under Operationally Convenient Conditions.
Authors: Joerres Manuel , Chen Xia , Acena Jose Luis , Merkens Carina , Bolm Carsten , Liu Hong , Soloshonok Vadim A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA new chiral Ni(II)—complex (I) is synthesized from proline‐derived amide, glycine, and Ni(NO3)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Metathesis with Electron‐Rich Phenyl Vinyl Sulfide Enables Access to 2,3‐Dideoxy‐D‐ribopyranose Ring System Donors.
Authors: Boutureira Omar , Matheu M. Isabel , Diaz Yolanda , Castillon Sergio 
Published: December 2014

Abstract2,3‐Dideoxy‐D‐ribopyranose units [e.g. (V)] are synthesized by using a cross‐metathesis reaction of the corresponding sugar‐derived hydroxyalkene (I) with phenyl vinyl sulfide (II) as a key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments for the Synthesis of Heterocycles Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Fan Xiaona , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReview: recent developments in the synthesis of heterocycles such as lactams, lactoneschromones, and benzofuranones catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbenes; 91 refs.
CIS and CIGS nanomaterials prepared by solvothermal method and their spectral properties
Authors: Huang Fei , Yan Ai‐Hua , Zhao Hui , Li Zhen , Cai Xiao‐Ping , Wang Yue‐Hua , Wu Yu‐Chang , Yin Shi‐Bin , Qiang Ying‐Huai 
Published: December 2014

Uniform CIS and CIGS nanomaterials were successfully synthesized by a simple amino‐based assisted solvothermal technique using PVP‐30 as the surfactant. The influence of surfactant, temperature and Ga amount on the structure, morphology, phase and spectral property was analyzed in detail. The results show that CIS and CIGS nanomaterials with 40∼70 nm in diameter can be gained at 200 °C for 24 h. PVP‐30 surfactant can greatly improve the dispersion characteristics of particles. XRD pattern shows that the “three peaks” obviously shift to bigger 2θ after gallium implantation because of lattice contraction. EDAX and Raman show that the final product is close to CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2. The possible reaction mechanism has also been explained in detail. UV‐vis‐NIR spectra show that the absorption peak and absorption edge of CIGS with 1.278 eV bandgap obviously shift to a lower energy compared to CIS with 1.051 eV bandgap, which shows the potential application in enhanced conversion efficiency.
Preparation and Catalytic Activity of BINOL‐Derived Silanediols
Authors: Wieting Joshua M. , Fisher Thomas J. , Schafer Andrew G. , Visco Michael D. , Gallucci Judith C. , Mattson Anita E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEnantiopure silanediols derived from BINOL are an innovative family of stereoselective hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD) catalysts. Silanediols incorporated into a BINOL framework are attractive catalysts, as they are readily accessible and highly customizable. Structural modifications of the BINOL backbone affect the reactivity and selectivity of the silanediol catalysts in the additions of silyl ketene acetals to N‐acyl isoquinolinium ions. The best results were obtained when the silanediol scaffold was substituted at the 4,4′‐ and 6,6′‐positions. This report includes details regarding the properties of selected BINOL‐based silanediol catalysts, including their acidities, binding constants, and X‐ray crystal structures.
The potentiation of zinc toxicity by soil moisture in a boreal forest ecosystem
Authors: Owojori Olugbenga J. , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Northern boreal forests often experience forest dieback as a result of metal ore mining and smelting. The common solution is to lime the soil, which increases pH, reducing metal toxicity and encouraging recovery. In certain situations, however, such as in Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada, liming has yielded only moderate benefits, with some locations responding well to liming and other locations not at all. In an effort to increase the effectiveness of the ecorestoration strategy, the authors investigated if these differences in liming responsiveness were linked to differences in toxicity. Toxicity of metal-impacted Flin Flon soils on the oribatid mite Oppia nitens and the collembolan Folsomia candida was assessed, with a view toward identifying the metal of concern in the area. The effects of moisture content on metal sorption, uptake, and toxicity to the invertebrates were also investigated. Toxicity tests with the invertebrates were conducted using either Flin Flon soils or artificial soils with moisture content adjusted to 30%, 45%, 60%, or 75% of the maximum water-holding capacity of the soil samples. The Relative to Cd Toxicity Model identified Zn as the metal of concern in the area, and this was confirmed using validation tests with field contaminated soils. Furthermore, increasing the moisture content in soils increased the amount of mobile Zn available for uptake with the ion exchange resin. Survival and reproduction of both invertebrates were reduced under Zn exposure as moisture level increased. Thus, moisture-collecting landforms, which are often also associated with high Zn concentrations at Flin Flon, have, as a result, higher Zn toxicity to the soil ecosystem because of increases in soil moisture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:600–607. © 2014 SETAC