bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide Contributes to Vasomotor Tone in Hypertensive African Americans Treated With Nebivolol and Metoprolol
Authors: Neuman Robert B. , Hayek Salim S. , Poole Joseph C. , Rahman Ayaz , Menon Vivek , Kavtaradze Nino , Polhemus David , Veledar Emir , Lefer David J. , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: August 2015

Endothelial dysfunction is more prevalent in African Americans (AAs) compared with whites. The authors hypothesized that nebivolol, a selective β1‐antagonist that stimulates nitric oxide (NO), will improve endothelial function in AAs with hypertension when compared with metoprolol. In a double‐blind, randomized, crossover study, 19 AA hypertensive patients were randomized to a 12‐week treatment period with either nebivolol 10 mg or metoprolol succinate 100 mg daily. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using plethysmography at rest and after intra‐arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside to estimate endothelium‐dependent and independent vasodilation, respectively. Physiologic vasodilation was assessed during hand‐grip exercise. Measurements were repeated after NO blockade with L‐NG‐monomethylarginine (L‐NMMA) and after inhibition of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) with tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA). NO blockade with L‐NMMA produced a trend toward greater vasoconstriction during nebivolol compared with metoprolol treatment (21% vs 12% reduction in FBF, P=.06, respectively). This difference was more significant after combined administration of L‐NMMA and TEA (P<.001). Similarly, there was a contribution of NO to exercise‐induced vasodilation during nebivolol but not during metoprolol treatment. There were significantly greater contributions of NO and EDHF to resting vasodilator tone and of NO to exercise‐induced vasodilation with nebivolol compared with metoprolol in AAs with hypertension.
Nursing Needs Big Data and Big Data Needs Nursing
Authors: Brennan Patricia Flatley , Bakken Suzanne 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeContemporary big data initiatives in health care will benefit from greater integration with nursing science and nursing practice; in turn, nursing science and nursing practice has much to gain from the data science initiatives. Big data arises secondary to scholarly inquiry (e.g., ‐omics) and everyday observations like cardiac flow sensors or Twitter feeds. Data science methods that are emerging ensure that these data be leveraged to improve patient care.Organizing ConstructBig data encompasses data that exceed human comprehension, that exist at a volume unmanageable by standard computer systems, that arrive at a velocity not under the control of the investigator and possess a level of imprecision not found in traditional inquiry. Data science methods are emerging to manage and gain insights from big data.MethodsThe primary methods included investigation of emerging federal big data initiatives, and exploration of exemplars from nursing informatics research to benchmark where nursing is already poised to participate in the big data revolution. We provide observations and reflections on experiences in the emerging big data initiatives.ConclusionsExisting approaches to large data set analysis provide a necessary but not sufficient foundation for nursing to participate in the big data revolution. Nursing's Social Policy Statement guides a principled, ethical perspective on big data and data science. There are implications for basic and advanced practice clinical nurses in practice, for the nurse scientist who collaborates with data scientists, and for the nurse data scientist.Clinical RelevanceBig data and data science has the potential to provide greater richness in understanding patient phenomena and in tailoring interventional strategies that are personalized to the patient.
Removal of oesophageal foreign bodies: comparison between oesophagoscopy and oesophagotomy in 39 dogs
Authors: Deroy C. , Corcuff J. Benoit , Billen F. , Hamaide A. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVESTo compare complication rates and outcomes after removal of oesophageal foreign bodies by endoscopy or by oesophagotomy.METHODSRetrospective evaluation of medical records of dogs with oesophageal foreign bodies treated by endoscopy and/or oesophagotomy. Postoperative clinical signs, management, length of hospitalisation, type and rate of complications, and time interval to return to eating conventional diet were compared.RESULTSThirty‐nine dogs diagnosed with oesophageal foreign bodies between 1999 and 2011 were included in the study. Most common breeds included West Highland white terrier, Jack Russell terrier and shih‐tzu. Successful endoscopic removal was possible in 24 out of 32 cases (Group 1), while surgical removal was successful in 15 out of 15 cases (7 of which had unsuccessful attempts at endoscopic removal) (Group 2). Length of hospitalisation, time to removal of gastrostomy tube and time to eat conventional diet did not differ between the groups. After foreign body removal, the incidence of oesophagitis, oesophageal stricture and perforation observed during repeated endoscopy were similar between the groups.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIn this retrospective study, removal of oesophageal foreign bodies either by oesophagoscopy or oesophagotomy had a similar outcome.
Surgical management of canine refractory retrobulbar abscesses: six cases
Authors: Tremolada G. , Milovancev M. , Culp W. T. N. , Bleedorn J. A. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVETo report the clinical presentation, surgical treatment and outcomes of dogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to intra‐oral lancing and antibiotics.METHODSMedical records from January 2006 through September 2014 were reviewed and dogs with retrobulbar abscesses failing treatment with antibiotics and intra‐oral lancing were included. Clinicopathologic, imaging and surgical details were extracted from the medical records. Referring veterinarians and owners were interviewed via telephone for follow‐up data.RESULTSA total of six dogs were included in the study. The most common clinical signs were pain upon opening of the mouth, exophthalmos and prolapsed nictitans. Computed tomography was performed in five dogs, ultrasound in four and magnetic resonance imaging in one. Imaging identified an abscess in all dogs, with a suspected foreign body in four dogs. Surgical approach was a modified lateral orbitotomy in five dogs. No foreign body was identified during surgery in all dog. All dogs surviving to discharge did not have recurrence of clinical signs (follow‐up time range: 27 to 95 months).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to standard therapy can experience long‐term resolution of clinical signs with surgical treatment, most commonly via a modified lateral orbitotomy.
Microfluidic PCR‐based target enrichment: A case study in two rapid radiations of Commiphora (Burseraceae) from Madagascar
Authors: Gostel Morgan R. , Coy Kiera A. , Weeks Andrea 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDeveloping effective and cost‐efficient multilocus nuclear datasets for angiosperm species is a continuing challenge to the systematics community. Here we describe the development and validation of a novel set of 91 nuclear markers for PCR‐based target enrichment. Using microfluidic PCR and Illumina MiSeq, we generated nuclear, subgenomic libraries for 96 species simultaneously and sequenced them for a total cost of ca. $6000 USD. Approximately half of these costs include reusable reagents (primers, barcodes, and custom sequencing primers) and taxon sampling could be increased by an order of magnitude to maximize sequencing depth efficiency. The principle benefit of microfluidic PCR over alternative target enrichment strategies is that it bypasses costly library preparation. After sequencing, we evaluated the ability of the loci to resolve species level relationships within two recently radiated lineages of endemic Madagascan Commiphora Jacq. (Burseraceae) species. Our results demonstrate that (i) effective nuclear markers can be designed for non‐model angiosperm taxa from these publicly available datasets; (ii) that microfluidic PCR amplification followed by high throughput sequencing can produce highly complete taxon by locus sequence data matrices with minimal resource investment; and (iii) that these numerous nuclear phylogenomic markers can improve our understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Commiphora. We provide a synopsis of ongoing activities to enhance this microfluidic PCR‐based target enrichment strategy through broader primer assays, multiplexing, and increased efficiency of sequencing depth.
Observing offenders: Incident reports by surveillance detectives, uniformed police, and civilians
Authors: Vredeveldt Annelies , Knol Joris W. , van Koppen Peter J. 
Published: August 2015

PurposePolice officers often write reports about witnessed incidents, which may serve as evidence in court. We examined whether incident reports and identifications by police officers, and in particular specialized detectives on surveillance teams, are more complete or more accurate than reports and identifications by civilian observers.MethodsOur sample included 46 civilians, 52 uniformed police officers, and 42 surveillance detectives. Participants viewed a 15‐min video of a drug transaction and were allowed to take notes while watching. Before viewing the video, all participants received a priority list of information considered most relevant to the police investigation, which had been constructed by an expert panel. Subsequently, participants completed a questionnaire addressing different types of crime‐relevant information in the incident. They also viewed target‐present and target‐absent lineups: Two for persons central to the drug transaction and one for a background detail.ResultsReports of uniformed police officers and detectives on surveillance teams were significantly more complete than reports of civilians, particularly for the top‐three priorities of crime‐relevant information. Moreover, reports by detectives were significantly more accurate than reports by uniformed police officers and civilians. Detectives were also significantly more likely to identify the persons from the lineup, whereas civilians were significantly more likely to identify the background detail.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that police officers, and in particular specialized detectives on surveillance teams, are more observant of the crime‐relevant aspects of an incident than civilian observers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 101
Authors: Ruzicka Alex , Grossman Jeffrey , Bouvier Audrey , Herd Christopher D. K. , Agee Carl B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMeteoritical Bulletin 101 contains 2639 meteorites accepted by the Nomenclature Committee in 2012, including 1 fall (Battle Mountain), with 2308 ordinary chondrites, 156 carbonaceous chondrites, 63 HED achondrites, 17 relict meteorites, 16 Rumuruti chondrites, 15 enstatite chondrites, 15 ureilites, 10 iron meteorites, 9 lunar meteorites, 9 primitive achondrites, 8 ungrouped achondrites, 7 mesosiderites, 4 Martian meteorites, and 2 Pallasites, and with 1812 from Antarctica, 437 from Asia, 301 from Africa, 43 from South America, 21 from Europe (including Russia), 21 from North America, 3 from Oceania, and 1 from unknown. Information about approved meteorites can be obtained from the Meteoritical Bulletin Database (MBD) available on line at http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/.
EAACI position paper for practical patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis in children
Authors: de Waard‐van der Spek Flora B. , Darsow Ulf , Mortz Charlotte G. , Orton David , Worm Margitta , Muraro Antonella , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Grimalt Ramon , Spiewak Radoslaw , Rudzeviciene Odilija , Flohr Carsten , Halken Susanne , Fiocchi Alessandro , Borrego Luis Miguel , Oranje Arnold P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children appears to be on the increase, and contact sensitization may already begin in infancy. The diagnosis of contact dermatitis requires a careful evaluation of a patient's clinical history, physical examination, and skin testing. Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic test.MethodsBased on consensus, the EAACI Task Force on Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children produced this document to provide details on clinical aspects, the standardization of patch test methodology, and suggestions for future research in the field.ResultsWe provide a baseline list of test allergens to be tested in children with suspected ACD. Additional tests should be performed only on specific indications.
Reasons Wrong and Right
Authors: Sharadin Nathaniel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe fact that someone is generous is a reason to admire them. The fact that someone will pay you to admire them is also a reason to admire them. But there is a difference in kind between these two reasons: the former seems to be the ‘right’ kind of reason to admire, whereas the latter seems to be the ‘wrong’ kind of reason to admire. The Wrong Kind of Reasons Problem is the problem of explaining the difference between the ‘right’ and the ‘wrong’ kind of reasons wherever it appears. In this article I argue that two recent proposals for solving the Wrong Kind of Reasons Problem do not work. I then offer an alternative solution that provides a unified, systematic explanation of the difference between the two kinds of reasons.
Pediatric myositis ossificans mimicking osteosarcoma
Authors: Yamaga Kensaku , Kobayashi Eisuke , Kubota Daisuke , Setsu Nokitaka , Tanaka Yuya , Minami Yusuke , Tanzawa Yoshikazu , Nakatani Fumihiko , Kawai Akira , Chuman Hirokazu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMyositis ossificans (MO) is a rare benign cause of heterotopic bone formation in soft tissue that most commonly affects young adults, typically following trauma. We report the case of an 11‐year‐old girl who developed MO mimicking osteosarcoma in her right shoulder. Plain radiography and computed tomography showed poorly defined flocculated densities in the soft tissue and a periosteal reaction along the proximal humerus. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass displayed an ill‐defined margin and inhomogeneous signal change. Histologically, the mass had a pseudosarcomatous appearance. Based on these findings, the patient was initially misdiagnosed with osteosarcoma at another hospital. The diagnosis was difficult because the patient was 11 years old and had no trauma history, with atypical radiographic changes and a predilection for the site of origin for osteosarcomas. We finally made the correct diagnosis of MO by carefully reviewing and reflecting on the pathological differences between stages.
Full circle: Resolving an adolescent's end‐of‐life issues
Authors: Abd Rahman Fairuz Nazri , Lee Voon Yee , Shamsuddin Ahmad Faizal , Yaakup Hayati 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report the challenges in managing a troubled, medically ill adolescent with end‐of‐life issues. Our role as multi‐professional service providers complemented the family's efforts to help him reconcile with himself before death. The present experience enhances understanding of the biopsychosocial aspects of care. Every child has the right to optimal care.
Survival of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato debris under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Vega D. , Romero A. M. 
Published: August 2015

Bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, is one of the most important diseases of tomato worldwide. Once the pathogen has been introduced into an area, i.e. by contaminated seeds or transplants, it survives mainly on host debris. In different geographic areas the survival time of the pathogen in crop residues under field conditions has been very variable, ranging from 2 months in Morocco to 2 years in Iowa (USA). This study took place in the horticultural belt of Buenos Aires – La Plata, Argentina, where greenhouse production prevails, and monoculture with two production cycles per year is a common practice. The aim was to determine the survival time of this pathogen in plant residues left on the soil surface or buried. During three consecutive years, by the end of both production cycles in July (winter) and December (summer), above‐ (stem, petiole) and belowground (root) tissues were placed into nylon netting bags and left on the soil surface or buried at 10 cm depth. The pathogen population was regularly quantified by dilution plating on semiselective medium. In host debris left on the soil surface, bacteria survived 120–260 days for crop production cycles that ended in winter and 45–75 days for those that ended in summer. In stems or roots buried in winter, this period was 45–75 days. It is concluded that host debris, including roots, might be an important primary inoculum source of the pathogen in greenhouses.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐vanillae is the causal agent of root and stem rot of vanilla
Authors: Koyyappurath S. , Atuahiva T. , Le Guen R. , Batina H. , Le Squin S. , Gautheron N. , Edel Hermann V. , Peribe J. , Jahiel M. , Steinberg C. , Liew E. C. Y. , Alabouvette C. , Besse P. , Dron M. , Sache I. , Laval V. , Grisoni M. 
Published: August 2015

Root and stem rot (RSR) is a very detrimental disease of vanilla worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum is frequently associated with the disease but other Fusarium species are also reported. In this international study, 52 vanilla plots were surveyed in three of the most important vanilla producing countries (Madagascar, Reunion Island and French Polynesia) in order to determine the aetiology of RSR disease. Subsets from the 377 single‐spored Fusarium isolates recovered from rotten roots and stems in the surveys were characterized by molecular genotyping (EF1α and IGS gene sequences) and pathogenicity assays on Vanilla planifolia and V. ×tahitensis, the two commercially grown vanilla species. Fusarium oxysporum was shown to be the principal species responsible for the disease, representing 79% of the isolates recovered from the RSR tissues, 40% of which induced severe symptoms on inoculated plantlets. Fusarium oxysporum isolates were highly polyphyletic regardless of geographic origin or pathogenicity. Fusarium solani, found in 15% of the samples and inducing only mild symptoms on plantlets, was considered a secondary pathogen of vanilla. Three additional Fusarium species were occasionally isolated in the study (F. proliferatum, F. concentricum and F. mangiferae) but were nonpathogenic. Histopathological preparations observed in wide field and multiphoton microscopy showed that F. oxysporum penetrated the root hair region of roots, then invaded the cortical cells where it induced necrosis in both V. planifolia and V. ×tahitensis. The hyphae never invaded the root vascular system up to 9 days post‐inoculation. As a whole, the data demonstrated that RSR of vanilla is present worldwide and that its causal agent should be named F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐vanillae.
Effect of Testosterone Administration and Spiking on Reproductive Success of Broiler Breeder Flocks
Authors: Ordas B , Vahedi S , Seidavi A , Rahati M , Laudadio V , Tufarelli V 
Published: August 2015

ContentsAge negatively affects reproductive success of broiler breeder flocks. One of the main hormones involved in the change of fertility with the age is testosterone (TT). The introduction of young males at later production stages of broiler flocks is known as spiking and is expected to reduce the fertility decline with age. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of injection of different levels of TT and the effect of spiking on reproductive fitness of broiler breeder flocks. Two experiments were conducted on Ross 308 breeder flocks for 10 weeks (41–50 weeks of age). The experiment 1 included a control and three treatments corresponding to three doses of TT (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 cc), while the experiment 2 included a control and one treatment corresponding to spiking. The lower dose of TT (0.1 cc) and the spiking clearly slowed down the decline in hatchability. Therefore, either the external administration of TT to the males when the natural concentration of TT starts to decline or spiking the breeder flock with young roosters could contribute to improve reproductive success in later stages of the production cycle in broiler breeder flocks.
Tumour, Oxidative Stress and Host T Cell Response: Cementing the Dominance
Authors: Bhattacharyya S. , Saha J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are produced intrinsically during normal cellular metabolic processes or extrinsically due to ionizing radiations, UV rays, xenobiotic insult, etc. ROS are important signal mediators and are used by the immune system to destroy pathogens, but as these are highly reactive, they also have the capacity to cause DNA damage and alter protein and lipid components of a cell. As a result, cells have evolved a tight regulation of internal redox environment that involves a balanced interplay between free radicals produced and quenched by cellular antioxidants and enzyme systems. Any deregulation of this subtle balance can result in oxidative stress that can lead to various pathological conditions including cancer. Oxidative stress can be a cause of neoplasia, or it can be induced by a growing tumour itself. The link existing between oxidative stress and inflammation is also very strong. Suppressed cellular immune system, especially effector T cell system, is a characteristic of tumour‐bearing host. Both the direct oxidative stress caused by tumour cell(s) and oxidative stress mediators present in tumour microenvironment play a significant role in the suppression of effector T cell function and induction of T cell death. This review discusses in detail the complex interplay between tumour–stroma–immune system in the light of oxidative stress that dominates every phase of cancer including initiation, progression and establishment. This review also addresses in detail the mechanisms of oxidative stress‐induced T cell dysfunction in tumour‐bearing host and also briefly points out the possible therapeutic interventions.
Immunization with Single Oral Dose of Alginate‐Encapsulated BCG Elicits Effective and Long‐Lasting Mucosal Immune Responses
Authors: Hosseini M. , Dobakhti F. , Pakzad S. R. , Ajdary S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEffective vaccination against pathogens, which enter the body through mucosal surfaces, requires the induction of both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Here, mucosal as well as systemic immune responses in the lung and spleen of BALB/c mice which were orally vaccinated with a single dose of alginate‐encapsulated bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) were evaluated. Twenty weeks after immunization, the vaccinated mice were challenged intranasally with BCG. Twelve weeks after immunization and 5 weeks after challenge, the immune responses were evaluated. Moreover, immune responses were compared with those of mice that were vaccinated with free BCG by subcutaneous (sc) and oral routes. Twelve weeks after the immunization, serum IgG level was higher in the sc‐immunized mice, while serum IgA level was higher in the orally immunized mice with encapsulated BCG. Significant productions of both IgG and IgA were only detected in lungs of mice orally immunized with encapsulated BCG. Proliferative and delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses and IFN‐γ production were significantly higher in mice immunized orally with encapsulated BCG, compared to mice immunized orally with free BCG. After challenge, the levels of IFN‐γ were comparable between sc‐immunized mice with free BCG and orally immunized with encapsulated BCG; however, significantly less IL‐4 was detected in mice which had received encapsulated BCG via oral route. Moreover, significant control of the bacilli growth in the lung of the immunized mice after intranasal challenge with BCG was documented in mice vaccinated with encapsulated BCG. These results suggest that oral immunization with alginate‐encapsulated BCG is an effective mean of inducing mucosal and systemic specific immune responses.