bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal optical imaging can reveal changes in microcirculation and tissue oxygenation during skin wound healing
Authors: Wang Hequn , Shi Lei , Qin Jia , Yousefi Siavash , Li Yuandong , Wang Ruikang K. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectiveFaster and better wound healing is a longstanding goal. Blood flow, angiogenesis, and tissue oxygenation are important parameters in evaluating the healing process. Optical microangiography (OMAG) allows 3D imaging of tissue vasculature and can provide quantitative blood flow information down to the capillary level of resolution. Dual wavelength laser speckle imaging (DW‐LSI) can measure tissue oxygenation status.Materials and MethodsCutaneous wound healing of a mouse ear model using a multimodal imaging system that combines OMAG with DWLSI was studied.ResultsA complete microvasculature map of the ear in vivo was obtained. The imaging system revealed both hemodynamic and metabolic changes during acute stage wound healing. Blood flow velocity, blood flow direction, as well as changes in concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (ΔHbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (ΔHb) were measured and quantified. In addition, capillary recruitment and angiogenesis were visualized during the chronic stage of repairing.ConclusionsThe combination of DW‐LSI and OMAG imaging technique may be a powerful tool to visualize and understand microvascular, hemodynamic, and metabolic changes during cutaneous wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:470–478, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Volumes and bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity: Associations with cardiometabolic health in obese children
Authors: Cliff Dylan P. , Jones Rachel A. , Burrows Tracy L. , Morgan Philip J. , Collins Clare E. , Baur Louise A. , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo examine associations of volumes and bouts of sedentary behavior (SED) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with individual and clustered cardio‐metabolic outcomes in overweight/obese children.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 120 overweight/obese children (8.3 ± 1.1 years, 62% girls, 74% obese) with SED and MVPA assessed using accelerometry. Children were categorized into quartiles of mean bouts per day of SED (10, 20, and 30 min) and MVPA (5, 10, and 15 min). Associations with triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and clustered cardio‐metabolic risk (cMet) were examined using linear regression, adjusted for confounders.ResultsIndependent of MVPA, SED volume was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (β [95% CI] = −0.29 [−0.52, −0.05]). MVPA volume was inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure, independent of SED (β = −0.22 [−0.44, −0.001]), and cMet (β = −0.19 [−0.36, −0.01]) although not after adjustment for SED (β = −0.14 [−0.33, 0.06]). Independent of MVPA and SED volumes, participants in the highest quartile of 30 min bouts per day of SED had 12% lower HDL cholesterol than those in the lowest quartile (d = 0.53, P = 0.046, Ptrend = 0.11).ConclusionsIn addition to increasing MVPA, targeting reduced SED and limiting bouts of SED to <30 min may contribute to improved HDL cholesterol levels and cardio‐metabolic health in overweight/obese children.
Diurnal and semidiurnal variability of coastal wind over Taiwanese waters
Authors: Chien Hwa , Cheng Hao‐Yuan , Yang Kang‐Hung , Tsai Yuan‐Hsiang , Chang Wan‐Ting 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Taiwan Strait is rich in offshore wind energy. Developing offshore wind farms is vital for renewable energy development. Rapid variations in the speed of offshore wind affect the capacity and operations of wind farms. On the basis of the demand for developing offshore wind farms in Taiwanese waters, this study examined in situ coastal wind data and documented the characteristics of the diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations in surface wind as well as the seasonal and spatial characteristics of these oscillations. Wavelet‐based rotary spectral analysis and significance level theory were adopted to quantify the occurrence probability and intensity of diurnal and semidiurnal wind fields. The occurrence probability of semidiurnal variations was approximately 50% greater than that of diurnal variations across Taiwan, with persistent occurrence of such variations near the southwest coast. The intensity of the diurnal phenomena was twice that of the semidiurnal phenomena, reaching an average of 27% of the wind energy variation at the potential sites located in Western Taiwan. Diurnal wind velocity oscillations were most intense during the fall but declined as the latitude moved from north to south. The instantaneous rotary spectrum was used to estimate the ellipticity of the wind vector. The analysis indicated that diurnal wind was dominated by land‐sea breezes. Moreover, the semidiurnal wind was less influenced by surface thermal effects than by diurnal phenomena. The effects of these phenomena on offshore wind energy conversion are considerable and should not be ignored. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes Towards Potentially Carrying the FMR1 Premutation: Before vs After Testing of Non‐Carrier Females with Diminished Ovarian Reserve
Authors: Pastore Lisa M. , Antero Maria , Ventura Karen , Penberthy J. Kim , Thomas Semara A. , Karns Logan B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDiminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and premature ovarian failure are associated with elevated FMR1 CGG repeat alleles. We assessed pretest attitudes about potentially carrying the FMR1 premutation (FXP) (>55 CGG repeats) among reproductive age women compared with attitudes after learning their non‐carrier status. Ninety‐two women with DOR, regular menses and no family history of Fragile X Syndrome underwent FMR1 testing and completed attitudinal questionnaires before (T1) and 3 months after learning the test results (T2). The analysis utilized signed rank tests and α = 0.05. Very few women thought they were likely to have a FXP (6.6 %). More participants thought FMR1 premutations were “serious” at T2 (62.9 %) than at T1 (46.1 %, p < 0.0003). When asked at T1 to “describe your feelings when you consider that you are potentially a carrier” of a FXP, 10 % had negative feelings, 50 % felt ambivalent, and 40 % had positive feelings. At T2, feelings about not being a carrier were significantly more favorable (p < 0.0001): negative (0 %), ambivalent (6.5 %), positive (93 %). Corroborating prior reports, few women had a negative view of FXP, perhaps anticipating that carrying the FXP explains their infertility. Perception of the seriousness of FXP increased after learning they did not carry the FXP, which would be predicted by health belief models.
Barriers Impacting the Utilization of Supervision Techniques in Genetic Counseling
Authors: Masunga Abigail , Wusik Katie , He Hua , Yager Geoffrey , Atzinger Carrie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractClinical supervision is an essential element in training genetic counselors. Although live supervision has been identified as the most common supervision technique utilized in genetic counseling, there is limited information on factors influencing its use as well as the use of other techniques. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers supervisors face when implementing supervision techniques. All participants (N = 141) reported utilizing co‐counseling. This was most used with novice students (96.1 %) and intermediate students (93.7 %). Other commonly used techniques included live supervision where the supervisor is silent during session (98.6 %) which was used most frequently with advanced students (94.0 %), and student self‐report (64.7 %) used most often with advanced students (61.2 %). Though no barrier to these commonly used techniques was identified by a majority of participants, the most frequently reported barriers included time and concern about patient's welfare. The remaining supervision techniques (live remote observation, video, and audio recording) were each used by less than 10 % of participants. Barriers that significantly influenced use of these techniques included lack of facilities/equipment and concern about patient reactions to technique. Understanding barriers to implementation of supervisory techniques may allow students to be efficiently trained in the future by reducing supervisor burnout and increasing the diversity of techniques used.
Client Views and Attitudes to Non‐Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis for Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassaemia and Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hill Melissa , Compton Cecilia , Karunaratna Madhavi , Lewis Celine , Chitty Lyn 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the near future the availability of non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single gene disorders will change the prenatal diagnosis options available to couples who are carriers of conditions such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disorder and thalassaemia. Client opinions about NIPD are needed to inform the implementation of NIPD for single gene disorders. This qualitative study used two focus groups (n = 12) and one‐to‐one interviews (n = 16) with carriers and support group representatives of sickle cell disease, thalassaemia and cystic fibrosis. Discussions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Opinions about NIPD were very positive and participants valued the opportunity to have safe and early testing. Uptake of prenatal testing is likely to increase as women who had previously declined invasive testing expressed interest in having NIPD. Participant concerns about NIPD centred on the need for accuracy to be high to be used for subsequent decision making about termination of pregnancy. Participants also raised concerns that less thought may be given to having a blood test compared to an invasive test and that the perceived ease of a blood test may bring increased pressure to have testing. Participants thought NIPD should be offered through existing specialist services to ensure appropriate genetic counseling and support. Maintaining all testing options is important as some people may prefer invasive testing over NIPD if invasive testing was more accurate or if invasive testing could give information about other conditions such as Down syndrome.
Refusal Bias in the Estimation of HIV Prevalence
Authors: Janssens Wendy , van der Gaag Jacques , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , Tanović Zlata 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In 2007, UNAIDS corrected estimates of global HIV prevalence downward from 40 million to 33 million based on a methodological shift from sentinel surveillance to population-based surveys. Since then, population-based surveys are considered the gold standard for estimating HIV prevalence. However, prevalence rates based on representative surveys may be biased because of nonresponse. This article investigates one potential source of nonresponse bias: refusal to participate in the HIV test. We use the identity of randomly assigned interviewers to identify the participation effect and estimate HIV prevalence rates corrected for unobservable characteristics with a Heckman selection model. The analysis is based on a survey of 1,992 individuals in urban Namibia, which included an HIV test. We find that the bias resulting from refusal is not significant for the overall sample. However, a detailed analysis using kernel density estimates shows that the bias is substantial for the younger and the poorer population. Nonparticipants in these subsamples are estimated to be three times more likely to be HIV-positive than participants. The difference is particularly pronounced for women. Prevalence rates that ignore this selection effect may be seriously biased for specific target groups, leading to misallocation of resources for prevention and treatment.
Understand me; believe in me; accept me as I am: perceptions of psychiatry of later life service
Authors: Grady T. O. , Gilrane-McGarry U. , Sweeney G. , Cryan M. , McCarthy G. 
Published: May 2014

ContextThe emergence of mental health services for older people is a relatively recent development in Ireland. Therefore, it is important to determine strengths and limitations of this modern-day care service. A starting point is to enquire from those who have been in receipt of their service and/or their respective carers.AimThis study aims to identify and describe the perceptions and experiences of past service users (SUs) and their carers, while in receipt of services from an acute mental health day hospital for Psychiatry of Later Life and to explore their needs/supports.MethodsA qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was employed. Purposive sampling achieved a sample of 13 SUs and six carers. Inclusion criteria set were that the SU had a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder; had the capacity to make an informed consent and communicate verbally and the SU was discharged from the service between January and July 2011. Finally, carers of SUs in receipt of the service during this time were also included. Data were subjected to thematic, field analysis.Findings‘Person centredness’ emerged as an overarching theme. Six inter-related subthemes revealing how SUs and carers viewed their care emerged from the interviews: ‘therapeutic engagement’; ‘preservation of self-integrity’; ‘collaborative care’; ‘integrated care’; ‘social gains’; and ‘the relationship between the expectation, subsequent engagement and the perceived outcome of care’.ConclusionsFindings concluded that high levels of care exist within this service. Strengths lie in the development of a therapeutic relationship, preservation of self-integrity, social gains and robust elements of person-centred holistic, integrated and collaborative careRecommendations support the enhancement of a cohesive planned approach to admission, discharge/transition (integrated pathway).
Non-spherical osmotic motor: chemical sailing
Authors: Shklyaev Sergey , Brady John F. , Córdova-Figueroa Ubaldo M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe behaviour of a non-spherical osmotic motor – an axisymmetric catalytic particle self-propelling in a dilute dispersion of reactant particles – is considered. In contrast to a conventional osmotic motor that creates differences in concentration, and hence in osmotic pressure, due to asymmetry in reaction rate along its surface (e.g. a Janus particle with reactive and non-reactive patches), a non-spherical particle is able to move even with uniform chemical activity on its surface. For small departures from a sphere the velocity of self-propulsion is proportional to the square of the non-sphericity or distortion of the particle shape. It is shown that the inclusion of hydrodynamic interactions (HI) may drastically change the self-propulsion. Except for very slow chemical reactions, even the direction of self-propulsion changes with and without HI. Numerical calculations at finite non-sphericity suggest that the maximum velocity of self-propulsion is obtained by a sail-like motor shape, leading to the name ‘chemical sailing’. Moreover, no saturation in the speed of propulsion is found; the motor velocity increases as the area of this ‘sail’ grows and its thickness decreases. The self-propulsion of a non-spherical particle releasing products of a chemical reaction – a constant flux motor – is also considered.
An experimental investigation of the turbulent mixing transition in the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
Authors: Weber Christopher R. , Haehn Nicholas S. , Oakley Jason G. , Rothamer David A. , Bonazza Riccardo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) is experimentally investigated in a vertical shock tube using a broadband initial condition imposed on an interface between a helium–acetone mixture and argon ($A\approx 0.7$). The interface is created without the use of a membrane by first setting up a flat, gravitationally stable stagnation plane, where the gases are injected from the ends of the shock tube and exit through horizontal slots at the interface location. Following this, the interface is perturbed by injecting gas within the plane of the interface. Perturbations form in the lower portion of this layer due to the shear between this injected stream and the surrounding gas. This shear layer serves as a statistically repeatable broadband initial condition to the RMI. The interface is accelerated by either a$M= 1.6 $or$M= 2.2 $planar shock wave, and the development of the ensuing mixing layer is investigated using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). The PLIF images are processed to reveal the light-gas mole fraction by accounting for laser absorption and laser-steering effects. The images suggest a transition to turbulent mixing occurring during the experiment. An analysis of the mole-fraction distribution confirms this transition, showing the gases begin to homogenize at later times. The scalar variance energy spectra exhibits a near$k^{-5/3}$inertial range, providing further evidence for turbulent mixing. Measurements of the Batchelor and Taylor microscales are made from the mole-fraction images, giving${\sim }150\ \mu \mathrm{m}$and 4 mm, respectively, by the latest times. The ratio of these scales implies an outer-scale Reynolds number of$6\text {--}7\times 10^4$.
Vortex shedding and heat transfer in rotationally oscillating cylinders
Authors: Sellappan Prabu , Pottebaum Tait 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWake formation and heat transfer from a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder in cross-flow at$\mathit{Re}= 750$are studied. Two aspects, the effect of cylinder forcing on vortex shedding and the effect of the wake structures on convective heat transfer, are studied. Cylinder forcing conditions range between$0.09 \leq \theta _{PP} \leq 2.09$, where$\theta _{PP}$is the peak-to-peak oscillation amplitude in radians and$0.70 \leq F_{R} \leq 3.16$, where$F_{R}$is the ratio of forcing frequency to natural shedding frequency. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) is used to obtain quantitative wake structure information. Wake modes, and regions of the parameter space in which they occur, are identified for both heated and unheated cylinders. For the heated cylinder, cylinder forcing is found to affect the convective heat-transfer rate. Certain wake modes, including newly discovered wake modes synchronized over multiple oscillation cycles, are found to correlate with significant heat-transfer enhancement. Cylinder tangential velocity is also found to affect the heat-transfer rate in certain regions of the parameter space.
Integrated Phone Counselling and Text Messaging Services at Quitlines: An Acceptability Study
Authors: Abroms Lorien C. , Carroll Philip , Boal Ashley L. , Mendel Judith , Carpenter Kelly M. 
Published: May 2014

Introduction: With evidence to support the use of text messaging for smoking cessation, some quitlines in North America have incorporated text messaging into their service offerings.Aims: This study sought to evaluate whether integrated phone counselling and text messaging services are acceptable to quitline callers, and to identify strategies for improving text messaging services in the context of a quitline.Methods: Thirty-five adult callers of the New Mexico state quitline who had enrolled in multi-call phone counselling and Text2Quit, a text messaging programme, were interviewed by phone. Interviews assessed use and acceptability of the phone counselling and text messaging interventions.Results: Use of phone counselling and text messaging was generally high among participants. While most participants reported that they would highly recommend Text2Quit (75.8%) or phone counselling (78.8%) individually, a relatively higher proportion indicated they would highly recommend the combined services (93.9%). Suggestions for improvement focused on increased customisation and personalisation.Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the acceptability of integrated phone counselling and text messaging services. Research is needed that explores the impact of these widely-used integrated services on smoking cessation.
Irish farms under climate change – is there a regional variation on farm responses?
Authors: SHRESTHA S. , ABDALLA M. , HENNESSY T. , FORRISTAL D. , JONES M. B. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThe current paper aims to determine regional impacts of climate change on Irish farms examining the variation in farm responses. A set of crop growth models were used to determine crop and grass yields under a baseline scenario and a future climate scenario. These crop and grass yields were used along with farm-level data taken from the Irish National Farm Survey in an optimizing farm-level (farm-level linear programming) model, which maximizes farm profits under limiting resources. A change in farm net margins under the climate change scenario compared to the baseline scenario was taken as a measure to determine the effect of climate change on farms. The growth models suggested a decrease in cereal crop yields (up to 9%) but substantial increase in yields of forage maize (up to 97%) and grass (up to 56%) in all regions. Farms in the border, midlands and south-east regions suffered, whereas farms in all other regions generally fared better under the climate change scenario used in the current study. The results suggest that there is a regional variability between farms in their responses to the climate change scenario. Although substituting concentrate feed with grass feeds is the main adaptation on all livestock farms, the extent of such substitution differs between farms in different regions. For example, large dairy farms in the south-east region adopted total substitution of concentrate feed while similar dairy farms in the south-west region opted to replace only 0·30 of concentrate feed. Farms in most of the regions benefitted from increasing stocking rate, except for sheep farms in the border and dairy farms in the south-east regions. The tillage farms in the mid-east region responded to the climate change scenario by shifting arable production to beef production on farms.
JEWISH MORTALITY RECONSIDERED
Authors: STAETSKY LAURA DANIEL , HINDE ANDREW 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIt is known that mortality of Jews is different from the mortality of the populations that surround them. However, the existence of commonalities in mortality of different Jewish communities across the world has not received scholarly attention. This paper aims to identify common features of the evolution of Jewish mortality among Jews living in Israel and the Diaspora. In the paper the mortality of Jews in Israel is systematically compared with the mortality of the populations of developed countries, and the findings from the earlier studies of mortality of Jews in selected Diaspora communities are re-examined. The outcome is a re-formulation and extension of the notion of the ‘Jewish pattern of mortality’. The account of this pattern is based on the consistently low level of behaviourally induced mortality, the migration history of Jewish populations and the enduring influence of early-life conditions on mortality at older ages.