bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of behavioural interventions to reduce preoperative alcohol use
Authors: Fernandez Anne C. , Claborn Kasey R. , Borsari Brian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIssuesPreoperative alcohol use is associated with an increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality. Short‐term abstinence prior to elective surgery has been shown to reduce postoperative risks. Therefore, behavioural intervention (BI) targeting risky drinking may have significant utility in preventing surgical complications.ApproachThe literature was systematically reviewed to identify the scope and outcomes of BIs aiming to reduce alcohol use in risky drinkers before they underwent surgery. Five databases were searched using PRISMA criteria. Of 1243 studies identified, four met pre‐established inclusion criteria: (i) implementation of a BI prior to an elective surgery; (ii) the BI‐targeted alcohol use among risky drinkers; and (iii) printed in English.Key FindingsTwo studies indicated significant reductions in alcohol use at follow ups, and one study demonstrated reductions in postoperative risks. These findings are encouraging, but in light of methodological limitations, the efficacy of preoperative BIs for risky drinking could not be determined.ImplicationsFuture efforts to screen and implement BIs addressing alcohol use in preoperative patients should carefully define risky drinking, allow ample time for recruitment prior to surgery, implement empirically supported interventions, examine the impact of relevant covariates, and consider the statistical power needed to detect change in postoperative complications.ConclusionGiven the strong link between preoperative alcohol use and postoperative risks, additional research on preoperative BIs is critically needed. Existing research suggests several promising directions for research that may enhance future intervention efforts with this high‐risk population. [Fernandez AC, Claborn KR, Borsari B. A systematic review of behavioural interventions to reduce preoperative alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:508–20]
Individual, school‐related and family characteristics distinguish co‐occurrence of drinking and depressive symptoms in very young adolescents
Authors: Salom Caroline L. , Kelly Adrian B. , Alati Rosa , Williams Gail M. , Patton George C. , Williams Joanne W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlcohol misuse and depressed mood are common during early adolescence, and comorbidity of these conditions in adulthood is associated with poorer health and social outcomes, yet little research has examined the co‐occurrence of these problems at early adolescence. This study assessed risky and protective characteristics of pre‐teens with concurrent depressed mood/early alcohol use in a large school‐based sample.Design and MethodsSchool children aged 10–14 years (n = 7289) from late primary and early secondary school classes in government, Catholic and independent sectors participated with parental consent in the cross‐sectional Healthy Neighbourhoods Study. Key measures included depressed mood, recent alcohol use, school mobility, family relationship quality, school engagement and coping style. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify school and family‐related factors that distinguished those with co‐occurring drinking and depressive symptoms from those with either single condition. Gender and school‐level interactions for each factor were evaluated.ResultsCo‐occurring conditions were reported by 5.7% of students [confidence interval (CI)95 5.19, 6.19]. Recent drinkers were more likely than non‐drinkers to have symptoms consistent with depression (odds ratio 1.80; CI95 1.58, 2.03). Low school commitment was associated with co‐occurring drinking/depressive symptoms (odds ratio 2.86; CI95 2.25, 3.65 compared with null condition). This association appeared to be weaker in the presence of adaptive stress‐coping skills (odds ratio 0.18; CI95 0.14, 0.23).ConclusionsWe have identified factors that distinguish pre‐teens with very early co‐occurrence of drinking and depressed mood, and protective factors with potential utility for school‐based prevention programmes targeting these conditions. [Salom CL, Kelly AB, Alati R, Williams GM, Patton GC, Williams JW. Individual, school‐related and family characteristics distinguish co‐occurrence of drinking and depressive symptoms in very young adolescents. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:387–396]
Seizure characteristics of epilepsy in childhood after acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion
Authors: Ito Yuji , Natsume Jun , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Ishihara Naoko , Azuma Yoshiteru , Tsuji Takeshi , Okumura Akihisa , Kubota Tetsuo , Ando Naoki , Saitoh Shinji , Miura Kiyokuni , Negoro Tamiko , Watanabe Kazuyoshi , Kojima Seiji 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify characteristics of post‐encephalopathic epilepsy (PEE) in children after acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD), paying particular attention to precise diagnosis of seizure types.MethodsAmong 262 children with acute encephalopathy/encephalitis registered in a database of the Tokai Pediatric Neurology Society between 2005 and 2012, 44 were diagnosed withAESDaccording to the clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and were included in this study. Medical records were reviewed to investigate clinical data,MRIfindings, neurologic outcomes, and presence or absence ofPEE. Seizure types ofPEEwere determined by both clinical observation by pediatric neurologists and ictal video–electroencephalography (EEG) recordings.ResultsOf the 44 patients afterAESD, 10 (23%) hadPEE. The period between the onset of encephalopathy andPEEranged from 2 to 39 months (median 8.5 months). Cognitive impairment was more severe in patients withPEEthan in those without. Biphasic seizures and status epilepticus during the acute phase of encephalopathy did not influence the risk ofPEE. The most common seizure type ofPEEon clinical observation was focal seizures (n = 5), followed by epileptic spasms (n = 4), myoclonic seizures (n = 3), and tonic seizures (n = 2). In six patients withPEE, seizures were induced by sudden unexpected sounds. Seizure types confirmed by ictal video‐EEG recordings were epileptic spasms and focal seizures with frontal onset, and all focal seizures were startle seizures induced by sudden acoustic stimulation. Intractable daily seizures remain in six patients withPEE.SignificanceWe demonstrate seizure characteristics ofPEEin children afterAESD. Epileptic spasms and startle focal seizures are common seizure types. The specific seizure types may be determined by the pattern of diffuse subcortical white matter injury inAESDand age‐dependent reorganization of the brain network.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the control of HF development and cycling: the next frontiers in hair research
Authors: Andl Thomas , Botchkareva Natalia V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHair follicle development and its postnatal regeneration are characterized by dramatic changes in its microanatomy and cellular activity, which are controlled by multiple signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs and their targets form remarkably diverse regulatory networks, playing a key role in the execution of gene expression programmes in the different cell lineages of the hair follicle. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in the control of hair follicle development, cycling and hair pigmentation, emphasizes the remaining problems/unanswered questions, and provides future directions in this rapidly growing and exciting area of research.
Nicotine and metabolites determination in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: a simple approach for solving contamination problem and clinical application
Authors: Liachenko Natalia , Boulamery Audrey , Simon Nicolas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA quantitative method using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is described for simultaneous determination of nicotine and its metabolites (cotinine and trans‐3′‐ hydroxycotinine) in human plasma. Aliquots of 0.25 mL of plasma specimens were used for analysis, and 3 analytes were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction. The main problem was blank plasma contamination with environmental nicotine. Activated charcoal was used to avoid this analytical interference. For optimized chromatographic performance, a basic mobile phase consisting of 0.2% ammonia in water (mobile phase A, pH10.6) and acetonitrile (mobile phase B) was selected. The analytes were separated on a 50 mm × 2.1 mm BEH C18 column, 1.7 μm particle size, and quantified by MS/MS using multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive mode. The chromatographic separation was achieved in 3 min followed by 1.2 min of column equilibration. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 10–1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99. Within‐day precisions and between‐day precisions (CV, %) were <15 %. The accuracy expressed as bias was within ±15% for all analytes. The recovery values ranged from 50% to 97%. The ions used for quantification of nicotine, cotinine and 3‐OH‐cotinine were 166.9 > 129.7; 176.9 > 79.7; 192.9 > 79.7 m/z, respectively. The original blank sample preparation solved the problem of contamination in a cost‐effective and efficient way. The validated method has been routinely used for analysis of nicotine and metabolites and determination of hydroxycotinine/cotinine metabolic ratio. This biomarker seems to be interesting at predicting response of nicotine patch replacement therapies.
Fatigue life behaviour of TiAlN and TiAlN/CrN coated notched P20 steel specimens
Authors: Rahmat M.  A. , Ibrahim R.  N. , Oskouei R.  H. , Bushroa A.  R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe performance of single layer TiAlN and multilayered TiAlN/CrN physical vapour deposition coatings deposited on AISI P20 steel substrate in affecting overall fatigue resistance of notched specimens was assessed and compared with the performance of the uncoated counterparts. V‐shaped circumferential notches on cylindrical specimens were adopted for fatigue tests. Surface coating characteristics such as hardness, elastic modulus and microstrains were measured and found to be different and often larger than those of the steel substrate. Unlike the un‐notched (smooth) coated specimens, which are known to exhibit large improvements in fatigue life in the high cycle fatigue regime, considerable reductions in fatigue life of the coated notched samples were observed. This was understood to be because of the coating's brittleness, which induces at the notch tip early and frequent fatigue crack initiations, especially in the case of multiple layered coatings. Scanning electron microscope images showed more crack initiation sites in both the coated specimens compared with the uncoated specimen. Also, presence of dimples on the surface confirmed dimple rupture mechanism in the ductile steel substrate in the coated and uncoated specimens.
Traditional management strategies fail to arrest a decline in the catch‐per‐unit‐effort of an iconic marine recreational fishery species with evidence of hyperstability
Authors: Maggs J. Q. , Mann B. Q. , Potts W. M. , Dunlop S. W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe paucity of long‐term marine recreational fisheries data limits understanding of the effects of exploitation on target species. Long‐term catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) datasets for a large piscivorous carangid species, Lichia amia (L.), from 3 South African recreational fishery sectors were examined. Although standardised CPUE for all sectors showed an overall long‐term decline, there was considerable variability in trends between the recreational sectors and between datasets. Contrasting trends between competitive shore angling and general shore angling datasets were ascribed to hyperstability in competition CPUE data, which was most influenced by rapidly improving technology, techniques and communication networks amongst anglers. Month and locality were significant factors explaining the probability of catching L. amia. This suggests that the predictable aggregation behaviour of this species could further compound the observed CPUE hyperstability. Although the CPUE responded positively for 6 years after implementation of the first minimum size and bag limits, and for 1 year after the decommercialisation of the species, these regulations and their amendments failed to arrest a long‐term decline in CPUE despite ample evidence for hyperstability. Additional regulations, including a spatio‐temporal closure and the implementation of a voluntary regulation framework of catch and release, are recommended for this species.
Area, climate heterogeneity, and the response of climate niches to ecological opportunity in island radiations ofAnolislizards
Authors: Algar Adam C. , Mahler D. Luke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimRates of climate niche evolution underlie numerous fundamental ecological processes and patterns. However, while climate niche conservatism varies markedly among regions and clades, the source of this variation remains poorly understood. We tested whether ecological opportunity can stimulate radiation within climate niche space at biogeographic scales, predicting that rates of climate niche evolution will scale with geographic area and climate heterogeneity.LocationCaribbeanMethodsWe quantified two temperature axes (mean temperature and temperature seasonality of species' localities) of the climate niche for 130Anolisspecies onCuba,Hispaniola,PuertoRico,Jamaica and the northern and southernLesserAntilles. Using a species‐level phylogeny, we fitted macroevolutionary models that either constrained rates of climate niche evolution or allowed them to vary among regions. Next, we regressed region‐specific evolutionary rates against area, species richness and climate heterogeneity. We evaluated whether results were robust to uncertainty in phylogenetic and biogeographic reconstructions and the assumed mode of evolution.ResultsFor both niche axes, anOrnstein‐Uhlenbeck model that allowed the net rate of evolution (σ2) to vary among island groups fit the data considerably better than a single‐rateBrownian motion model. Nagelkerke pseudo‐R2values of the fit of these OU models to mean temperature and seasonality axes were 0.43 and 0.66, respectively. Evolutionary rates for both axes were higher in larger areas, which also have more species. Only the rate of mean occupied temperature evolution was positively related to climate heterogeneity, and only after accounting for region size.ConclusionsRates of climate niche evolution scale consistently with the area available for radiation, but responses to climate heterogeneity vary among niche axes. For the mean temperature axis, climate heterogeneity generated additional opportunities for radiation, but for seasonality it did not. Overall, the physical setting in which a clade diversifies can influence where it falls on the evolutionary continuum, from climate niche conservatism to radiation.
Nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate therapy: assessment of the alveolar bone structure in rats – a blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pacheco Viviane N. , Langie Renan , Etges Adriana , Ponzoni Deise , Puricelli Edela 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the effect of zoledronic acid exposure on structures of the alveolar bone of rats. The sample was composed of 42 male Wistar rats. Animals in the T1 and T2 groups received weekly doses of 0.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal zoledronic acid for 3 weeks, while animals in the T3 group received the same treatment for 8 weeks. The control groups C1, C2 and C3 received equivalent doses of saline. The first upper molars of Wistar rats in the C2, T2, C3 and T3 groups were extracted. Cone‐beam computerized tomography scans were performed, and the image density was analysed by grey levels. The presence and type of inflammatory infiltrate, vascularization and bone necrosis were assigned by histological qualitative scores. Histomorphometric analysis of bone density was performed in the groups without extraction. No significant differences were found in the bone grey density estimated by grey‐level value and histomorphometric analysis between the C1 and T1 groups (P > 0.05). The grey levels in the T3 group were lower (P < 0.05) than in the C3 group, corresponding to the bone defect. Histological assessments showed the presence of bone necrosis in the T3 group and lower levels of bone remodelling in the test groups (T2 and T3) compared to the control groups (C2 and C3). The results of qualitative analyses did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). Zoledronic acid‐exposed animals showed maxillary changes including reduced grey levels, the presence of bone necrosis and a higher prevalence of inflammatory signs.
Impact of initial symptom for accurate diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Fukuhara Kousuke , Ogata Toshiyasu , Ouma Shinji , Tsugawa Jun , Matsumoto Juntaro , Abe Hiroshi , Higashi Toshio , Inoue Tooru , Tsuboi Yoshio 
Published: June 2015

Background It has been recognized that spontaneous vertebral artery dissection without neurological symptoms is not rare and easily misdiagnosed. Clinical clue for diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection includes initial symptoms such as headache, neck pain, or dizziness. Aim To assess the role of initial symptoms for diagnosis of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection. Methods Between September 2007 and January 2014, we retrospectively reviewed clinical records of 83 patients with unilateral vertebral artery dissection without consciousness disturbance at admission. Based on the diagnostic criteria of the Spontaneous Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissections Study, the patients were divided into three groups: possible, probable, and definite cases of vertebral artery dissection. Initial symptoms were collected at the time of diagnosis from medical record for the presence or absence of headache, neck pain, tinnitus and vertigo, as well as the area of pain and its characteristics. Results The numbers of definite, probable, and possible vertebral artery dissection were 39, 26, and 18, respectively. Out of 83 cases, unilateral or bilateral headache was the most commonly seen (in 60 cases), followed by neck pain (in 41 cases) and vertigo (in 20 cases). Statistically, unilateral headache and/or neck pain was more common in cases with definite vertebral artery dissection group compared with other classification of the Spontaneous Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissections Study ( P = 0.040). Vertigo was also associated with the stratification of Spontaneous Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissections Study criteria ( P = 0.012). Conclusions In our study, headache and/or neck pain, especially unilateral presentation, and vertigo were symptoms associated with the stratification of Spontaneous Cervico-cephalic Arterial Dissections Study criteria. Physicians should carefully obtain clinical history for the presence of a unilateral headache and/or neck pain and vertigo when vertebral artery dissection is suspected in patients with or without objective neurological signs.
A Review on Modal Clustering
Authors: Menardi Giovanna 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn spite of the current availability of numerous methods of cluster analysis, evaluating a clustering configuration is questionable without the definition of a true population structure, representing the ideal partition that clustering methods should try to approximate. A precise statistical notion of cluster, unshared by most of the mainstream methods, is provided by the density‐based approach, which assumes that clusters are associated to some specific features of the probability distribution underlying the data. The non‐parametric formulation of this approach, known as modal clustering, draws a correspondence between the groups and the modes of the density function. An appealing implication is that the ill‐specified task of cluster detection can be regarded to as a more circumscribed problem of estimation, and the number of clusters is also conceptually well defined. In this work, modal clustering is critically reviewed from both conceptual and operational standpoints. The main directions of current research are outlined as well as some challenges and directions of further research.
Paid Support Workers for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities; Their Current Knowledge of Hearing Loss and Future Training Needs
Authors: McShea Lynzee , Fulton John , Hayes Catherine 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are more likely to have hearing loss than the general population. For those unable to self‐advocate, the responsibility of detection and management falls to their caregivers.MethodsThis is the first cycle of a project using action research methodology to improve services. Twenty care workers were interviewed to understand their knowledge of hearing loss and hearing aids. Themes were generated using thematic analysis.FindingsThis group was better qualified than their peers but received minimal training in hearing loss. They were unable to accurately estimate expected prevalence and had a negative perception of hearing aids. Only 7% of service users were known to have hearing loss.ConclusionsCurrent training is not sufficient to provide the skills for detection and management of hearing problems. This group had clear ideas on methods of learning. Working in collaboration is necessary to achieve long‐term change to practice.
Lifting Industrial Ecology Modeling to a New Level of Quality and Transparency: A Call for More Transparent Publications and a Collaborative Open Source Software Framework
Authors: Pauliuk Stefan , Majeau‐Bettez Guillaume , Mutel Christopher L. , Steubing Bernhard , Stadler Konstantin 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIndustrial ecology (IE) is a maturing scientific discipline. The field is becoming more data and computation intensive, which requires IE researchers to develop scientific software to tackle novel research questions. We review the current state of software programming and use in our field and find challenges regarding transparency, reproducibility, reusability, and ease of collaboration. Our response to that problem is fourfold: First, we propose how existing general principles for the development of good scientific software could be implemented in IE and related fields. Second, we argue that collaborating on open source software could make IE research more productive and increase its quality, and we present guidelines for the development and distribution of such software. Third, we call for stricter requirements regarding general access to the source code used to produce research results and scientific claims published in the IE literature. Fourth, we describe a set of open source modules for standard IE modeling tasks that represent our first attempt at turning our recommendations into practice. We introduce a Python toolbox for IE that includes the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework Brightway2, the ecospold2matrix module that parses unallocated data in ecospold format, the pySUT and pymrio modules for building and analyzing multiregion input‐output models and supply and use tables, and the dynamic_stock_model class for dynamic stock modeling. Widespread use of open access software can, at the same time, increase quality, transparency, and reproducibility of IE research.