bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum von Willebrand factor levels in women with and without von Willebrand disease and implications for prophylaxis
Authors: James A. H. , Konkle B. A. , Kouides P. , Ragni M. V. , Thames B. , Gupta S. , Sood S. , Fletcher S. K. , Philipp C. S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to elucidate the fall in von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII activity (FVIII) after childbirth in women with and without von Willebrand disease (VWD). VWF:RCo, VWF:Ag, and FVIII were obtained in the third trimester of pregnancy, on admission for childbirth, and 10 times postpartum. Specimens were processed within 4 h and analysed centrally. Means were calculated at each time point. Forty women (40 pregnancies) without VWD and 32 women (35 pregnancies) with VWD were enrolled. 15/32 with VWD were treated (30% of those with type 1 and all of those with type 2) in 17 pregnancies. Treatments prior to delivery consisted of desmopressin (2/17), VWF concentrate (15/17) and after delivery VWF concentrate (16/17). Duration of treatment was 0–21 days (median 6). VWF levels peaked at 250% of baseline – 4 h postpartum in women with VWD and 12 h postpartum in women without VWD. Thereafter, VWF levels fell rapidly, approached baseline at 1 week and reached baseline at 3 weeks. Except immediately postpartum, when the levels among treated cases were higher, levels among women with VWD appeared to parallel, but were lower than those among women without VWD. Levels were lowest among those who received treatment. VWF levels fall rapidly after childbirth. Except immediately postpartum, current treatment strategies do not raise VWF levels to the levels of women without VWD or even to the levels of women with milder, untreated VWD. Consequently, women with VWD may be at risk of postpartum haemorrhage despite treatment.
An artificial nesting substrate for Osmia species that nest under stones, with focus on Osmia inermis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , Wilkes Margie A. , Christopher Cutler G. , Hermanutz Luise 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Several megachilid bees are excellent crop pollinators, and many species show potential for management as they nest in pre‐existing cavities in artificial substrates. Some species, particularly in the Osmiini, however, have nesting habits not conducive to conventional trap‐nesting. Here we report on an artificial nest for species of Osmia bees which normally build nests on the underside of stones.

The Holarctic species Osmia inermis accepted overturned terracotta saucers as nesting sites, with 10% of the saucers occupied in the fall of 2011.

These saucers are inexpensive and available in many sizes, facilitating further scientific study of this, and other species. Implications of using artificial nests for managing this bee for crop pollination, and for its conservation, are discussed.
Discapacidad y absentismo. Análisis empírico sobre seis países europeos
Authors: GARCÍA SERRANO Carlos , MALO Miguel Á. 
Published: October 2014

ResumenA partir de datos del Panel de Hogares de la Unión Europea (PHOGUE) sobre Austria, España, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia y Portugal de 1995–2001 se examina la influencia de la discapacidad en el absentismo laboral utilizando tres variables: el estado de salud autoevaluado, el número de visitas al médico y el número de noches de ingreso en hospital. Según los resultados, el absentismo entre los trabajadores con discapacidad es mayor. La gravedad de la discapacidad también tiene influencia. El efecto total de la discapacidad en el absentismo representa un incremento marginal de entre 6 y 26 días de ausencia al año (dependiendo del país).
The Absorption Profile of Pregabalin in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Olesen Anne E. , Olofsen Erik , Olesen Søren S. , Staahl Camilla , Andresen Trine , Dahan Albert , Drewes Asbjørn M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIt was recently shown that pregabalin decreased pain associated with chronic pancreatitis. It is well known that pancreatitis patients suffer from fat malabsorption with accompanying diarrhoea because of loss of exocrine pancreatic enzyme production. This may lead to changes in the mucosal surface in the small intestine and possibly affect the absorption of pregabalin. The pharmacokinetics of pregabalin has never been investigated in patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of pregabalin administered to patients with chronic pancreatitis. The pregabalin population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted on data from fifteen patients with chronic pancreatitis. Each patient received 75 mg of pregabalin (oral capsule). Pregabalin concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatographic method. Data analysis was performed using non‐linear mixed effects modelling methodology as implemented by NONMEM. A one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination adequately described pregabalin pharmacokinetics. Time to maximum observed plasma concentration (Tmax) was 1.53 (95% CI 1.09–2.05). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1.98 μg/ml (95% CI 1.69–2.34), and area under the plasma concentration–time profile (area under the curve) was 18.2 μg*hr/ml (95% CI 14.7–26.3). Pregabalin is well absorbed in patients with chronic pancreatitis, and the pharmacokinetic profile of pregabalin is not extensively affected by chronic pancreatitis.
Measuring cognitive load in test items: static graphics versus animated graphics
Authors: Dindar M. , Kabakçı Yurdakul I. , Dönmez F. I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe majority of multimedia learning studies focus on the use of graphics in learning process but very few of them examine the role of graphics in testing students' knowledge. This study investigates the use of static graphics versus animated graphics in a computer‐based English achievement test from a cognitive load theory perspective. Three hundred and three 7th‐grade students were randomly split into two groups and given the test questions either with static graphics or with animated graphics accompanied with text. Students' response time, response accuracy, self‐reported ratings on cognitive load and secondary task approach were used to measure their cognitive load. Findings revealed that animating graphics increased the response time and secondary task scores of the students but did not have any significant effect on their test success. Furthermore, no difference was observed in self‐reported cognitive loads. The relationship between the four different cognitive load measures was also examined in the study. No direct relation was found between self‐reported ratings and secondary task scores. On the other hand, self‐ratings and response accuracy were found to be more sensitive to intrinsic cognitive load, whereas response time and secondary task measures were found to be more sensitive to extraneous cognitive load in our testing environment.
Mortality and weight loss of Atlantic salmon, Salmon salar L., experimentally infected with salmonid alphavirus subtype 2 and subtype 3 isolates from Norway
Authors: Taksdal T , Bang Jensen B , Böckerman I , McLoughlin M F , Hjortaas M J , Ramstad A , Sindre H 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) has a significant negative economic impact in the salmonid fish farming industry in northern Europe. Until recently, only SAV subtype 3 was present in Norwegian fish farms. However, in 2011, a marine SAV 2 subtype was detected in a fish farm outside the PD‐endemic zone. This subtype has spread rapidly among fish farms in mid‐Norway. The PD mortality in several farms has been lower than expected, although high mortality has also been reported. In this situation, the industry and the authorities needed scientific‐based information about the virulence of the marine SAV 2 strain in Norway to decide how to handle this new situation. Atlantic salmon post‐smolts were experimentally infected with SAV 2 and SAV 3 strains from six different PD cases in Norway. SAV 3‐infected fish showed higher mortality than SAV 2‐infected fish. Among the SAV 3 isolates, two isolates gave higher mortality than the third one. At the end of the experiment, fish in all SAV‐infected groups had significantly lower weight than the uninfected control fish. This is the first published paper on PD to document that waterborne infection produced significantly higher mortality than intraperitoneal injection.
Global Supply Chains of Coltan
Authors: Moran Daniel , McBain Darian , Kanemoto Keiichiro , Lenzen Manfred , Geschke Arne 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe spot price for tantalum, a metal used in high‐performance consumer electronics, spiked in 2000, triggering a boom in artisanal mining of surface deposits in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The profit from columbite‐tantalite ore, or coltan, is alleged to have funded militants during that country's civil war. One warlord famously claimed that in 2000, coltan delivered a million dollars per month. While coltan mining was neither a necessary nor sufficient cause for the civil war, there is nevertheless a clear association between mining and conflict. In order to trace global flows of coltan out of the DRC, we used a high‐resolution multiregion input‐output (MRIO) table and a hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to trace exports through international supply chains in order to estimate a “coltan footprint” for various products. In this case study, our aim is to highlight the power and utility of hybrid LCA analysis using high‐resolution global MRIO accounts. We estimate which supply chains, nations, and consumer goods carry the largest loads of embodied coltan. This hybrid LCA case study provides estimates on illicit flows of coltan, estimates a coltan footprint of consumption, and highlights the advantages and challenges of using hybrid monetary‐physical input‐output/LCA approaches to study and quantify a negative social impact as an input to production. If successful, the hybrid LCA approach could be a useful and expedient measurement tool for understanding flows of conflict minerals embodied in supply chains.
Assessment of effects of mifepristone administration to lactating mice on the development and fertility of their progeny
Authors: Su Qian‐Qian , Huang Xiao‐Li , Qin Jiao , Liu Quan‐Sheng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimMifepristone, a synthetic steroid compound that induces abortion, was recently found to potentially pass into human milk. This study aimed to determine the effects of mifepristone administration to lactating mice on the development and reproduction of their progeny.MethodsLactating mice were gavage fed with mifepristone (8 mg/kg) daily for 4 days either from days 1–4 or from days 7–10 of lactation; controls received only peanut oil. Growth, mortality rate, organ weight to bodyweight ratio, sex hormone at 20, 40 and 60 days, fertility of these F1 progeny and litter size, sex ratio and mortality rate of the second generation were recorded.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the average bodyweight, mortality rate of the female or male pups, and organ coefficient of uterus and ovaries of females in adulthood in comparison with the controls. However, the organ coefficient of testis at day 20 and 40 and testosterone concentration at day 60 were increased in male pups. Moreover, the reproductive capacity of the F1 pups was unaffected by 4 days exposure to mifepristone via their mother's milk: time to birth of F2 pups, litter size, sex ratio and mortality rate were similar to control F1 pups.ConclusionThe study showed that treating lactating mice with 8 mg/kg mifepristone influenced only the organ coefficient of testis at day 40 and the testosterone concentration in male pups at day 60, however, it did not affect the development and fertility of female and male pups.
Sooty Mould on Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis Caused by Leptoxyphium kurandae is Associated with Extrafloral Nectaries
Authors: Park Ji‐Hyun , Cho Sung‐Eun , Hong Sun‐Hee , Choi In‐Young , Shin Hyeon‐Dong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn August 2013, sooty mould was observed on Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis) in a propagation nursery in Seoul, Korea. The sooty mould initially developed at the junction between the leaf blade and leaf petiole and then dispersed along the vein on the abaxial surface. The fungal growth pattern on the plants was quite different from general sooty moulds growing on honeydew secreted by insects on the plants. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, this fungus was identified as Leptoxyphium kurandae. A pathogenicity test was carried out to fulfil Koch's postulates. Through field observation and a pathogenicity test, we found an association between the sooty mould and extrafloral nectaries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sooty mould caused by L. kurandae on the extrafloral nectaries of H. rosa‐sinensis.
Interspecies allometric meta‐analysis of the comparative pharmacokinetics of 85 drugs across veterinary and laboratory animal species
Authors: Huang Q. , Gehring R. , Tell L. A. , Li M. , Riviere J. E. 
Published: October 2014

Allometric scaling is widely used for the determination of first dosage regimen and the interpolation or extrapolation of pharmacokinetic parameters across many animal species during drug development. In this article, 85 drugs used in veterinary medicine obtained from the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank database were selected for allometric scaling analysis. Outlier species were identified by statistical methods. The results showed that 77% and 88% of drugs displayed significant correlations between total systemic clearance (CL) and volume of distribution at steady status (Vss) vs. body weight (P < 0.05) on a log‐log scale, respectively. The distribution of the allometric exponent b for CL and Vss displays approximate normal distribution, with means (0.87 and 0.99) and standard deviations (0.143 and 0.157) for CL and Vss, respectively. Twelve drugs were identified to have at least one outlier species for CL and ten drugs for Vss. The human CL and Vss were predicted for selected drugs by the obtained allometric equations. The predicted CL and Vss were within a threefold error compared to observed values, except the predicted CL values for antipyrine, warfarin and diazepam. The results can be used to estimate cross‐species pharmacokinetic profiles for predicting drug dosages in veterinary species, and to identify those species for which interpolation or extrapolation of pharmacokinetics properties may be problematic.
The hidden side of plant invasions: the role of genome size
Authors: Suda Jan , Meyerson Laura A. , Leitch Ilia J. , Pyšek Petr 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe ecological role of genome size in plant biology, biogeography, and morphology has garnered increasing attention as the methods and technology associated with measuring cytological characteristics have become more reliable and accessible. However, how plant genome size influences plant invasions and at what stage in the invasion this influence occurs have been little explored. Several large‐scale analyses of published data have yielded valuable interspecific comparisons, but experimental studies that manipulate environmental factors are needed, particularly below the species level, to fully understand the role that genome size plays in plant invasion. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge, discuss the integration of genome size data into invasion research, and suggest how it can be applied to detect and manage invasive species. We also explore how global climate change could exert selective pressures on plant populations with varying genome sizes, thereby increasing the distribution range and invasiveness of some populations while decreasing others. Finally, we outline avenues for future research, including considerations of large‐scale studies of intraspecific variation in genome size of invasive populations, testing the interaction of genome size with other factors in macroecological analyses of invasions, as well as the role this trait may play in plant–enemy interactions.

Contents

Summary
994

I.
Introduction
994

II.
Genome size research meets invasion science: ecological, phenotypic and evolutionary consequences of variation in the amount of nuclear DNA in plants
997

III.
Applications of genome size data in species‐level invasion research
1001

IV.
Effect of climate change on genome size and invasion success
1002

V.
Gaps in knowledge and avenues for future research: towards closer integration of genome size knowledge into invasion ecology
1003

VI.
Conclusions
1004

Acknowledgements
1004

References
1005
Whole‐of‐society monitoring framework for sugar, salt, and fat consumption and noncommunicable diseases in India
Authors: Arora Narendra K. , Pillai Rakesh , Dasgupta Rajib , Garg Priyanka Rani 
Published: October 2014

India has experienced a rising prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the past 15 years: the prevalence of diabetes has increased from 5.9% to 9.1%, hypertension from 17.2% to 29.2%, and obesity from 4% to 15%. The increase is among all socioeconomic groups and in urban and rural populations, though the quantum of change varies. A concomitant increase in per capita consumption of sugar from 22 to 55.3 g/day and total fat from 21.2 to 54 g/day was observed, with significant differences between states of high and low human development index (HDI). Per capita consumption of sugar, salt, and fat is consistently and significantly associated with overweight and obesity but variably associated with the occurrence of hypertension and diabetes. Market research shows that approximately 50–60% of total salt, sugar, and fat in Indian markets is procured by bulk purchasers, generally for manufacturing processed food items. This sector of the Indian economy is among the fastest growing, with several policy incentives. It is not clear from most of the data sets whether available information on per capita sugar, salt, and fat consumption has considered the contribution of processed and ready‐to‐eat food items. The unprecedented changes of rapid urbanization, mechanization, and globalization demand close monitoring of social, developmental, and economic determinants. This paper provides pieces of evidence to justify a whole‐of‐society (WoS) framework for monitoring the inputs, processes, and behavioral components of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPCDCS) in India.
Mapping of minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring fertility restoration of wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility and QTLs conferring stigma exsertion in rice
Authors: Li Pingbo , Su Gongche , Feng Fuchun , Wang Peng , Yu Sibin , He Yuqing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) hybrid rice has made a great contribution to the increase of rice yield globally. To facilitate the development of high‐quality pairs of the wild abortive (WA) male sterile and maintainer lines, the genetic basis of fertility restoration of WA‐CMS and stigma exsertion was investigated in this study using a testcross population with the WA‐CMS background. Seed‐setting rate and stigma exsertion rate were used as the indicators of the two traits, respectively. Results showed that four minor QTL regions from 9311 were responsible for the variation of seed‐setting rate, while a few minor QTLs and epistatic QTL pairs influenced stigma exsertion rate. These results would be of great use in the development of high‐quality pairs of WA male sterile and maintainer lines in rice.
Life concerns of elderly people living at home determined as by Community General Support Center staff: Implications for organizing a more effective integrated community care system. The Kurihara Project
Authors: Takada Junko , Meguro Kenichi , Sato Yuko , Chiba Yumiko ,   Kurihara Project members
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, the integrated community care system aims to enable people to continue to live in their homes. Based on the concept, one of the activities of a Community General Support Center (CGSC) is to provide preventive intervention based on a Community Support Program. Currently, a Basic Checklist (BC) is sent to elderly people to identify persons appropriate for a Secondary Prevention Program.MethodsTo find people who had not responded to the BC, CGSC staff evaluated the files of 592 subjects who had participated in the Kurihara Project to identify activities they cannot do that they did in the past, decreased activity levels at home, loss of interaction with people other than their family, and the need for medical interventions. This information was classified, when applicable, into the following categories: (A) ‘no life concerns’; (B) ‘undecided’; and (C) ‘life concerns’. The relationships between these classifications and clinical information, certified need for long‐term care, and items on the BC were examined.ResultsThe numbers of subjects in categories A, B, and C were 291, 42, and 186, respectively. Life concerns were related to scores on the Clinical Dementia Rating, global cognitive function, depressive state, and apathy. Most items on the BC were not associated with classification into category C, but ≥25% of the subjects had life concerns related to these items.DiscussionAssessment of life concerns by the CGSC staff has clinical validity. The results suggest that there are people who do not respond to the checklist or apply for Long‐Term Care Insurance, meaning that they ‘hide’ in the community, probably due to apathy or depressive state. To organize a more effective integrated community care system, the CGSC staff should focus mainly on preventive care.
Urinary antibiotic activity in paediatric patients attending an outpatient department in north‐western Cambodia
Authors: Emary Katherine R. W. , Carter Michael J. , Pol Sreymom , Sona Soeng , Kumar Varun , Day Nicholas P. J. , Parry Christopher M. , Moore Catrin E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveAntibiotic resistance is a prominent public and global health concern. We investigated antibiotic use in children by determining the proportion of unselected children with antibacterial activity in their urine attending a paediatric outpatient department in Siem Reap, Cambodia.MethodsCaregiver reports of medication history and presence of possible infection symptoms were collected in addition to urine samples. Urine antibiotic activity was estimated by exposing bacteria to urine specimens, including assessment against multiresistant bacteria previously isolated from patients in the hospital (a methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a multiresistant Salmonella typhi and an extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia coli isolate).ResultsMedication information and urine were collected from 775 children. Caregivers reported medication use in 69.0% of children in the preceding 48 h. 31.7% samples showed antibacterial activity; 16.3% showed activity against a local multiresistant organism. No specimens demonstrated activity against an ESBL‐producing E. coli.ConclusionsAntibiotics are widely used in the community setting in Cambodia. Parents are often ill‐informed about drugs given to treat their children. Increasing the regulation and training of private pharmacies in Cambodia may be necessary. Regional surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance is also essential in devising preventive strategies against further development of antibiotic resistance, which would have both local and global consequences.