bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentralized finance: a comparative bibliometric analysis in the Scopus and WoS databases
Authors: Aydaner Gülcihan , Okuyan H. Aydın 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeFi blockchain technology, known as decentralized finance today, separates from the traditional financial ecosystem and ushers the new financial landscape onto digital platforms. In decentralized financial applications, all digital assets are safeguarded by blockchain technology. Thanks to this technology, investors can transfer their financial assets without being dependent on banking authorities. Despite the numerous advantages they bring, financial assets based on the decentralized finance ecosystem come with certain disadvantages. These assets are difficult to control, easily manipulated, and are at risk due to their vulnerability to cyberattacks. This study conducted bibliometric analyses on a total of 930 publications registered in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases using the VOSviewer program. In both databases, “all fields” were filtered and scanned with the keyword “decentralized finance.” According to the results, the Scopus database has much richer content compared to the WoS database. The most cited author in the Scopus database was Chen Y, while in the WoS database, it was Nakomoto S. There has been a significant increase in the number of publications in both databases since 2020. Additionally, it was detected that the most cited countries in both databases were the USA, China and England, respectively. It has been observed that computer science comes to the fore in the publication rankings. Decentralized finance is an interdisciplinary field of study. Therefore, many more qualified hybrid studies are needed. More studies are needed, especially examining investor behavior. The analyses presented in this article will enable researchers to grasp the bigger picture from a holistic perspective.
Lung ultrasound among Expert operator’S: ScOring and iNter-rater reliability analysis (LESSON study) a secondary COWS study analysis from ITALUS group
Authors: Boero Enrico , Gargani Luna , Schreiber Annia , Rovida Serena , Martinelli Giampaolo , Maggiore Salvatore Maurizio , Urso Felice , Camporesi Anna , Tullio Annarita , Lombardi Fiorella Anna , Cammarota Gianmaria , Biasucci Daniele Guerino , Bignami Elena Giovanna , Deana Cristian , Volpicelli Giovanni , Livigni Sergio , Vetrugno Luigi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a non-invasive imaging method used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and pneumothorax. It is precious where other imaging techniques like CT scan or chest X-rays are of limited access, especially in low- and middle-income countries with reduced resources. Furthermore, LUS reduces radiation exposure and its related blood cancer adverse events, which is particularly relevant in children and young subjects. The score obtained with LUS allows semi-quantification of regional loss of aeration, and it can provide a valuable and reliable assessment of the severity of most respiratory diseases. However, inter-observer reliability of the score has never been systematically assessed. This study aims to assess experienced LUS operators’ agreement on a sample of video clips showing predefined findings.

Methods
Twenty-five anonymized video clips comprehensively depicting the different values of LUS score were shown to renowned LUS experts blinded to patients’ clinical data and the study’s aims using an online form. Clips were acquired from five different ultrasound machines. Fleiss-Cohen weighted kappa was used to evaluate experts’ agreement.

Results
Over a period of 3 months, 20 experienced operators completed the assessment. Most worked in the ICU (10), ED (6), HDU (2), cardiology ward (1), or obstetric/gynecology department (1). The proportional LUS score mean was 15.3 (SD 1.6). Inter-rater agreement varied: 6 clips had full agreement, 3 had 19 out of 20 raters agreeing, and 3 had 18 agreeing, while the remaining 13 had 17 or fewer people agreeing on the assigned score. Scores 0 and score 3 were more reproducible than scores 1 and 2. Fleiss’ Kappa for overall answers was 0.87 (95% CI 0.815–0.931, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The inter-rater agreement between experienced LUS operators is very high, although not perfect. The strong agreement and the small variance enable us to say that a 20% tolerance around a measured value of a LUS score is a reliable estimate of the patient's true LUS score, resulting in reduced variability in score interpretation and greater confidence in its clinical use.
Analysis of clozapine prescribing in the over-65s: 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Barclay James , Tomar Rahul , Gale Tim 
Published: July 2024

Aims and method
Patients prescribed clozapine are increasingly living into old age. However, there is a lack of studies to guide prescribing in this age group. We sought to identify all clozapine patients in Hertfordshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust over a 5-year period and review side-effect burden and co-prescribing in all patients aged over 65 years.

Results
We identified 69 patients. The majority (61%) were stable in terms of mental state; 94% of cases had experienced a side-effect within the past year, with constipation occurring most commonly (65% of cases).

Clinical implications
Our findings reveal a significant side-effect burden, particularly in relation to constipation. Clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility (CIGH) can be fatal; however, increasing age has not been a recognised risk factor for constipation in clozapine patients to date. This raises questions about increasing risk to physical health as patients age and adds to concerns about the lack of monitoring for CIGH.
Gut Microbial Changes Associated With Obesity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ismail Heba M , Perera Dimuthu , Mandal Rabindra , DiMeglio Linda A , Evans-Molina Carmella , Hannon Tamara , Petrosino Joseph , Javornik Cregeen Sara , Schmidt Nathan W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Obesity is prevalent in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is problematic with higher risk for diabetes complications. It is unknown to what extent gut microbiome changes are associated with obesity and T1D.

Objective
This work aimed to describe the gut microbiome and microbial metabolite changes associated with obesity in T1D. We hypothesized statistically significant gut microbial and metabolite differences in lean T1D youth (body mass index [BMI]: 5%-&lt;85%) vs those with obesity (BMI: ≥95%).

Methods
We analyzed stool samples for gut microbial (using metagenomic shotgun sequencing) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) differences in lean (n = 27) and obese (n = 21) T1D youth in a pilot study. The mean ± SD age was 15.3 ± 2.2 years, glycated hemoglobin A1c 7.8 ± 1.3%, diabetes duration 5.1 ± 4.4 years, 42.0% female, and 94.0% were White.

Results
Bacterial community composition showed between sample diversity differences (β-diversity) by BMI group (P = .013). There was a higher ratio of Prevotella to Bacteroides in the obese group (P = .0058). There was a differential distribution of significantly abundant taxa in either the lean or obese groups, including increased relative abundance of Prevotella copri, among other taxa in the obese group. Functional profiling showed an upregulation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis in the obese group and upregulation of BCAA degradation, tyrosine metabolism, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in the lean group. Stool SCFAs were higher in the obese vs the lean group (P &lt; .05 for all).

Conclusion
Our findings identify a gut microbiome and microbial metabolite signature associated with obesity in T1D. These findings could help identify gut microbiome–targeted therapies to manage obesity in T1D.
Retinoic acid signalling regulates branchiomeric neck muscle development at the head/trunk interface
Authors: Dumas Camille E. , Rousset Célia , De Bono Christopher , Cortés Claudio , Jullian Estelle , Lescroart Fabienne , Zaffran Stéphane , Adachi Noritaka , Kelly Robert G. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscles of the head and trunk originate in distinct lineages with divergent regulatory programmes converging on activation of myogenic determination factors. Branchiomeric head and neck muscles share a common origin with cardiac progenitor cells in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM). The retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway is required during a defined early time window for normal deployment of cells from posterior CPM to the heart. Here, we show that blocking RA signalling in the early mouse embryo also results in selective loss of the trapezius neck muscle, without affecting other skeletal muscles. RA signalling is required for robust expression of myogenic determination factors in posterior CPM and subsequent expansion of the trapezius primordium. Lineage-specific activation of a dominant-negative RA receptor reveals that trapezius development is not regulated by direct RA signalling to myogenic progenitor cells in CPM, or through neural crest cells, but indirectly through the somitic lineage, closely apposed with posterior CPM in the early embryo. These findings suggest that trapezius development is dependent on precise spatiotemporal interactions between cranial and somitic mesoderm at the head/trunk interface.
A Characterization of the Cardiac Physiology and Aortic Pulse Wave Properties of Artistic Swimmers Across Competitive Levels
Authors: BAKER RYLEIGH E. , CHEUNG CHRISTIAN P. , COATES ALEXANDRA M. , CURRIE KATHARINE D. , KING TREVOR J. , MOUNTJOY MARGO L. , BURR JAMIE F. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The distinct physical and environmental stressors of artistic swimming (previously termed synchronized swimming) result in unique hemodynamic stimuli. Given that the hemodynamic stress associated with participation in an exercise modality drives adaptation of the heart and central vasculature, artistic swimming may produce a distinct cardiovascular phenotype. Presumably, athletes competing at the highest levels also have greater training exposure and thus exhibit more adaptation. The purpose of this study was to characterize cardiovascular form and function across the competitive spectrum of artistic swimmers.

Methods
Cardiovascular structure and function were compared in a cross-sectional study of healthy controls, varsity, and elite artistic swimmers, using pulse wave analysis, pulse wave velocity, and echocardiographic images both at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise.

Results
Aortic stiffness was similar across all groups, as were characteristics of the decomposed aortic pressure waveform. At rest, both varsity and elite swimmers demonstrated similar systolic function compared with controls. However, peak left ventricular twist was greater in varsity and elites (controls: 8.0 ± 3.9, varsity: 12.8 ± 8.6, elites: 13.4 ± 3.9; both P < 0.02). Furthermore, elites demonstrated greater peak left ventricular radial strain (controls: 29.2 ± 9.9, varsity: 32.5 ± 10.3, elites: 53.9 ± 15.1; both P < 0.001) and longitudinal strain (controls: −16.9 ± 1.6, varsity: −16.5 ± 1.8, elites: −19.5 ± 3.2; both P < 0.04). In contrast to controls, both varsity and elite artistic swimmers demonstrated no change in peak late diastolic transmitral filling velocity (controls: Δ0.2 ± 0.04 m·s−1, varsity: Δ0.06 ± 0.04 m·s−1, elites: Δ0.05 ± 0.04 m·s−1) during isometric handgrip exercise (both P > 0.05), with elites demonstrating lower peak velocity than varsity swimmers (P = 0.048), indicating preservation of diastolic function.

Conclusions
Artistic swimmers demonstrate distinct cardiac physiology at rest and during isometric handgrip, with a greater extent of distinguishing features observed in those competing at the highest level of competition.
Apple Cider Vinegar in the Combat Against Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity – An Overview of Recent Research
Authors: Górska Magdalena , Kałuża Izabela , Golemo Jagna , Serkis Barbara , Dębińska Julia , Celichowska Magdalena , Dziuba Gabriela , Bogoń Aleksandra , Ostojska Magdalena , Miazga Małgorzata 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Apple Cider Vinegar, primarily composed of acetic acid, is gaining more recognition for its possible health advantages, especially its anti-diabetic effects and its beneficial impact on weight loss.
Aim of this study

The aim of this review is to discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of ACV on glycemic indices and weight management in diabetic and obese patients, explore the possibilities of preventing comorbidities, and assess the safety of ACV consumption.
Materials and Methods
Research was performed based on Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. The literature was reviewed using the keywords : Apple Cider Vinegar, Diabetes, Glucose, Obesity.
Results
Studies have confirmed that apple cider vinegar exhibits significant anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. It demonstrates dose- and time-dependent effects on reducing fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid parameters. It positively impacts weight loss, reducing waist and hip circumference, and enhances tissue sensitivity to insulin. Additionally, apple cider vinegar has been shown to potentiate the effects of metformin, with liquid consumption yielding better results than pill form.
Conclusions
Although initial findings are encouraging, additional research with a larger participant pool and an extended duration of vinegar consumption is necessary. The brevity of the study period restricts the observation of long-term effects, and a larger sample size would improve the applicability of the findings.
Key words: apple cider vinegar; diabetes; glucose; obesity
Evaluation of the RISE II integrated social and behavior change approach in Niger: A contribution analysis
Authors: Dougherty Leanne , Dadi Chaibou , Silva Martha 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Niger faces a myriad of health challenges and development efforts are complicated by persistent poverty, high population growth rates, and climate change. Integrated social and behavior change (SBC) addresses health outcomes through collective action and approaches at the limited points of entry individuals have with the health system.

Methods
We conducted a mixed-methods study to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated SBC program in the Maradi, and Zinder regions of Niger. We applied contribution analysis, a theory-based plausibility analysis, to assess contributions of the intervention.

Results
We found the program contributed to improved behavioral determinants. Male engagement and income generating activities provided further support for women to practice health behaviors. However, increases in male partner out-migration was negatively associated with health outcomes. While the program did not generate statistically significant improvements in health outcomes in the intervention area, exposure to health messages and participation in women’s groups were positively associated with health outcomes suggesting sustained implementation of the integrated SBC approach at scale may achieve improved health outcomes.

Conclusion
Programs should continue to invest in health promotion efforts that include gender sensitive interventions. Further research is needed to understand how women’s agency and autonomy evolves as household composition changes through male out-migration.
Good functions, measures, and the Kleinbock–Tomanov conjecture
Authors: Beresnevich Victor , Datta Shreyasi , Ghosh Anish 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a conjecture of Kleinbock and Tomanov (2007) on Diophantine properties of a large class of fractal measures onQpn\mathbb{Q}_{p}^{n}. More generally, we establish the 𝑝-adic analogues of the influential results of Kleinbock, Lindenstrauss and Weiss (2004) on Diophantine properties of friendly measures. We further prove the 𝑝-adic analogue of one of the main results of Kleinbock (2008) concerning Diophantine inheritance of affine subspaces, which answers a question of Kleinbock. One of the key ingredients in the proofs of Kleinbock, Lindenstrauss and Weiss is a result on(C,α)(C,\alpha)-good functions whose proof crucially uses the Mean Value Theorem. Our main technical innovation is an alternative approach to establishing that certain functions are(C,α)(C,\alpha)-good in the 𝑝-adic setting. We believe this result will be of independent interest.
An Aubin continuity path for shrinking gradient Kähler–Ricci solitons
Authors: Cifarelli Charles , Conlon Ronan J. , Deruelle Alix 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet 𝐷 be a toric Kähler–Einstein Fano manifold. We show that any toric shrinking gradient Kähler–Ricci soliton on certain toric blowups ofC×D\mathbb{C}\times Dsatisfies a complex Monge–Ampère equation. We then set up an Aubin continuity path to solve this equation and show that it has a solution at the initial value of the path parameter. This we do by implementing another continuity method.
Aristotle on τύχη and εὐτυχία
Authors: Linn Marcella 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It is commonly supposed that one can build Aristotle’s account of luck (τύχη) and good fortune (εὐτυχία) from Ph. II 4–6 and Eth. Eud. VIII 2. Indeed, in these texts, he is concerned with providing a general account of each. There has, however, been some dispute on the relationship between the texts. Some argue that the two accounts conflict, and the notion of τύχη or εὐτυχία we find in the Ph. is not the one that Aristotle has in mind in Eth. Eud. Others argue that there are two notions of “luck” in Eth. Eud.: one that fits with the account in the Ph. and another that is more stable. Almost no one argues that εὐτυχία in Eth. Eud. VIII 2 is a subspecies of τύχη. I will argue that Aristotle does indeed have two notions of εὐτυχία, a narrow and a broad one. But I show that the distinction is set aside in Eth. Eud. VIII 2 where Aristotle only discusses εὐτυχία as a subspecies of τύχη. We see this especially if we compare the account in Eth. Eud. with what Aristotle says about εὐτυχία in his other ethical treatises. The upshot is that there is a narrower focus in Eth. Eud. than in the other treatises when it comes to εὐτυχία.
La botanique d’Aristote
Authors: Winzenrieth Justin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Whereas several zoological Aristotelian works have been preserved, Aristotle is reported to have written only one short botanical treatise. Such reports seem to conflict with his self-described ambition to study plants as well as animals. Even though this treatise is now lost, the available evidence suggests that Aristotle had valid reasons to find the subject-matter of plants much less interesting, as their activities amount to a subset of what animals do. When studying attributes common to both plants and animals in the transmitted corpus, Aristotle systematically focuses on the case of the most complex animals and, once an explanatory model has been found, proceeds to apply it to the remaining cases with less details. I argue that this procedure, although it runs counters to the intuition that one ought to start with the most simple case, corresponds to a general scientific method. Consequently, most of Aristotle’s botany is found to be already encapsulated in the main results of his study of animals.
Current practice of ultrasound in the management of postpartum hemorrhage: a secondary analysis of a national survey
Authors: Mappa Ilenia , Masturzo Bianca , Ghi Tullio , Rizzo Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Although frequently employed in the delivery room, current guidelines do not recommend the use of ultrasound in the setting of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The aim of this survey was to evaluate the routine use of ultrasonography during PPH.

Methods
A questionnaire, composed by a series of questions that assess participant characteristics and ultrasound use during PPH, was sent to members of the Italian Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology currently employed in obstetrical units. Answers were subsequently grouped based on participant characteristics.

Results
Based on the responses of 200 participants it was found that ultrasound was routinely employed by 67 % of participants during PPH, by 85 % if Retained Products of Conception (RPOC) was suspected, by 67 % during Bakri balloon placement and by 69 % during curettage procedures. Routine ultrasound use was higher amongst participants working in hospitals with a higher number of deliveries, by those with more years of experience using ultrasound in labor, and by those that had attended specific postgraduate training courses.

Conclusions
Despite the lack of recommendations in the current guidelines, the results of this survey show that ultrasound seems to be commonly employed by maternal fetal medicine practitioners in the management of PPH.
Perceived and Pursued Opportunities from Mass Deportation Threats: The Case of Haitian Migrant-Serving Nonprofit Organizations in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Peralta Karie Jo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The threat of deportation is a common experience shared by migrants around the world. Migrant-serving nonprofit organizations must also contend with these threats. While there is considerable research on how nonprofits serve migrants, there is a lack of research that explores what mass deportation threats may mean for nonprofits actors and their work. In order to address this gap, this study explores the case of the Dominican Republic where there was widespread fear that mass removals would occur after the closing of the National Regularization Plan for Foreigners on June 17, 2015. Using semi-structured interviews with 20 nonprofit actors from Haitian-migrant serving organizations, a qualitative content analysis reveals three main themes that capture how nonprofits perceived and pursued opportunities from the threat of deportation. They include the opportunity to grow, the opportunity to advocate, and the opportunity to learn and educate. This research is important for shedding light on the organizational resilience of migrant-serving nonprofits in the Dominican Republic and offers insight into how policies might be developed to support nonprofits as they address migration policies in their work.