bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term high‐light intensity and low temperature improve the quality and flavor of lettuce grown in plant factory
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Qiqi , Escalona Contreras Victor Hugo , Huang Tao , Jiang Hui , Song Bo , Duan Zhiling , Li Yuejian , Yang Xiao , Song Hongyuan , Yang Qichang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLettuce holds a prominent position in the year‐round supply of vegetables, offering a rich array of health‐beneficial substances, such as dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, lactucopicrin and lactucin. As such, its flavor has garnered increasing attention. Balancing the enhancement of beneficial compounds with the reduction of undesirable taste is a key focus of scientific research. To investigate short‐term management to improve the nutritional quality and flavor of lettuce, combinations of different light intensities (200, 500 and 800 μm ol m−2 s−1) and temperatures (10 and 22 °C) were applied separately to ‘Lollo Rosso’ and ‘Little Butter Lettuce’ for 7 days before harvest.RESULTSThe results obtained showed that increasing light intensity at low temperatures decreased nitrate content and increased soluble sugar, soluble protein, anthocyanin and phenolic compound content. In the case of lettuce flavor, the bitterness‐related metabolites such as lactucin and lactucopicrin were reduced with high light intensity at a low temperature of 10 °C. With this combination, the fructose and glucose contents increased, significantly improving lettuce flavor.CONCLUSIONHigher light intensity combined with low temperature for 7 days before harvest effectively improved the nutritional quality and flavor of lettuce, suggesting its great potential for use in horticultural practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimization and component identification of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of functional compounds from waste blackberry (Rubus fruticosus Pollich) seeds
Authors: Yang Mo , Wang Shuai , Zhou Rong , Zhao Yi , He Yu , Zheng Yi , Gong Hao , Wang Wei‐Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlackberry seeds, as a by‐product of processing, have potential bioactive substances and activities. A response surface method was used to determine the optimal conditions of blackberry seed extracts (BSEs) with high 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity by ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE). The composition and antioxidant capacity of BSEs were further analyzed.RESULTSThe optimal conditions were material‐to‐liquid ratio of 0.07 g mL−1, ethanol concentration of 56%, extraction temperature of 39 °C and ultrasonic power of 260 W. Using these conditions, the extraction yield and total polysaccharide, phenolic and anthocyanin contents in BSEs were 0.062 g g−1 and 633.91, 36.21 and 3.07 mg g−1, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of BSEs exhibited characteristic peaks associated with polysaccharide absorption. The antioxidant capacity, DPPH and 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of BSEs were 1533.19, 1021.93 and 1093.38 mmol Trolox equivalent g−1, respectively. The delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, paeoniflorin‐3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐arabinoside contents in BSEs were 3.05,12.76 and 1895.90 ± 3.45 μg g−1. Five polyphenols including gallic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin and caffeic acid were identified and quantified in BSEs with its contents at 8850.43, 5053.26, 4984.65, 1846.91 and 192.40 μg g−1.CONCLUSIONThese results provide a method for preparing BSE containing functional components such as polysaccharides, phenols and anthocyanins through UAE, and BSEs have potential application in food industries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The experimental implications of the rate of temperature change and timing of nutrient availability on growth and stoichiometry of a natural marine phytoplankton community
Authors: Happe Anika , Ahme Antonia , Cabrerizo Marco J. , Gerhard Miriam , John Uwe , Striebel Maren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change increases the need to understand the effect of predicted future temperature and nutrient scenarios on marine phytoplankton. However, experimental studies addressing the effects of both drivers use a variety of design approaches regarding their temperature change rate and nutrient supply regimes. This study combines a systematic literature map to identify the existing bias in the experimental design of studies evaluating the phytoplankton response to temperature change, with a laboratory experiment. The experiment was designed to quantify how different temperature levels (6°C, 12°C, and 18°C), temperature regimes (abrupt vs. gradual increase), timings of nutrient addition (before or after the temperature change) and nutrient regimes (limiting vs. balanced) alter the growth and stoichiometry of a natural marine phytoplankton community. The systematic map revealed three key biases in marine global change experiments: (1) 66% of the studies do not explicitly describe the experimental temperature change or nutrient regime, (2) 84% applied an abrupt temperature exposure, and (3) only 15% experimentally manipulated the nutrient regime. Our experiment demonstrated that the identified biases in experimental design toward abrupt temperature exposure induced a short‐term growth overshoot compared to gradually increasing temperatures. Additionally, the timing of nutrient availability strongly modulated the direction of the temperature effect and strength of growth enhancement along balanced N : P supply ratios. Our study stresses that the rate of temperature change, the timing of nutrient addition and the N : P supply ratio should be considered in experimental planning to produce ecologically relevant results as different setups lead to contrasting directions of outcome.
Development of α‐Tocopherol Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles and Its Evaluation as a Novel Immune Adjuvant
Authors: Zhang Huan , Song Meng , Zhuang Shiya , Wang Zining , Shi Hui , Song Zhuolang , Song Chuanhe , Cen Lian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the continuous development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines, traditional adjuvants cannot provide sufficient immune efficacy and it is of high necessity to develop safe and effective novel nanoparticle‐based vaccine adjuvants. α‐Tocopherol (TOC) is commonly used in oil‐emulsion adjuvant systems as an immune enhancer, yet its bioavailability is limited by poor water solubility. This study aims to develop TOC‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (TOC‐PLGA NPs) to explore the potential of TOC‐PLGA NPs as a novel nanoparticle‐immune adjuvant. TOC‐PLGA NPs are prepared by a nanoprecipitation method and their physicochemical properties are characterized. It is shown that TOC‐PLGA NPs are 110.8 nm, polydispersity index value of 0.042, and Zeta potential of −13.26 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of NPs are 82.57% and 11.80%, respectively, and the cumulative release after 35 days of in vitro testing reaches 47%. Furthermore, TOC‐PLGA NPs demonstrate a superior promotion effect on RAW 264.7 cell proliferation compared to PLGA NPs, being well phagocytosed and also promoting antigen uptake by macrophages. TOC‐PLGA NPs can strongly upregulate the expression of co‐stimulatory surface molecules and the secretion of cytokines. In conclusion, TOC‐PLGA NPs can be a novel vaccine adjuvant with excellent biocompatibility and significant immune‐enhancing activity.
DIGEP‐Pred 2.0: A web application for predicting drug‐induced cell signaling and gene expression changes
Authors: Ivanov Sergey M. , Rudik Anastasia V. , Lagunin Alexey A. , Filimonov Dmitry A. , Poroikov Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe analysis of drug‐induced gene expression profiles (DIGEP) is widely used to estimate the potential therapeutic and adverse drug effects as well as the molecular mechanisms of drug action. However, the corresponding experimental data is absent for many existing drugs and drug‐like compounds. To solve this problem, we created the DIGEP‐Pred 2.0 web application, which allows predicting DIGEP and potential drug targets by structural formula of drug‐like compounds. It is based on the combined use of structure‐activity relationships (SARs) and network analysis. SAR models were created using PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) technology for data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), the Connectivity Map (CMap) for the prediction of DIGEP, and PubChem and ChEMBL for the prediction of molecular mechanisms of action (MoA). Using only the structural formula of a compound, the user can obtain information on potential gene expression changes in several cell lines and drug targets, which are potential master regulators responsible for the observed DIGEP. The mean accuracy of prediction calculated by leave‐one‐out cross validation was 86.5 % for 13377 genes and 94.8 % for 2932 proteins (CTD data), and it was 97.9 % for 2170 MoAs. SAR models (mean accuracy−87.5 %) were also created for CMap data given on MCF7, PC3, and HL60 cell lines with different threshold values for the logarithm of fold changes: 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5, and 2. Additionally, the data on pathways (KEGG, Reactome), biological processes of Gene Ontology, and diseases (DisGeNet) enriched by the predicted genes, together with the estimation of target‐master regulators based on OmniPath data, is also provided. DIGEP‐Pred 2.0 web application is freely available at https://www.way2drug.com/digep‐pred.
AAPM WGTG51 Report 385: Addendum to the AAPM's TG‐51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high‐energy electron beams
Authors: Muir Bryan , Davis Stephen , Dhanesar Sandeep , Hillman Yair , Iakovenko Viktor , Kim Grace Gwe‐Ya , Alves Victor Gabriel Leandro , Lei Yu , Lowenstein Jessica , Renaud James , Sarfehnia Arman , Siebers Jeffrey , Tantôt Laurent 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn Addendum to the AAPM's TG‐51 protocol for the determination of absorbed dose to water is presented for electron beams with energies between 4 MeV and 22 MeV (). This updated formalism allows simplified calibration procedures, including the use of calibrated cylindrical ionization chambers in all electron beams without the use of a gradient correction. New data are provided for electron beams based on Monte Carlo simulations. Implementation guidance is provided. Components of the uncertainty budget in determining absorbed dose to water at the reference depth are discussed. Specifications for a reference‐class chamber in electron beams include chamber stability, settling, ion recombination behavior, and polarity dependence. Progress in electron beam reference dosimetry is reviewed. Although this report introduces some major changes (e.g., gradient corrections are implicitly included in the electron beam quality conversion factors), they serve to simplify the calibration procedure. Results for absorbed dose per linac monitor unit are expected to be up to approximately 2 % higher using this Addendum compared to using the original TG‐51 protocol.
Automating population dose survey processing—An Australian feasibility study
Authors: Lee Kam L. , Sanagou Masoumeh , Lau Hok C. , Thomas Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundA comprehensive collection of data on doses in adult computed tomography procedures in Australia has not been undertaken for some time. This is largely due to the effort involved in collecting the data required for calculating the population dose. This data collection effort can be greatly reduced, and the coverage increased, if the process can be automated without major changes to the workflow of the imaging facilities providing the data. Success would provide a tool to determine a truly national assessment of the dose incurred through diagnostic imaging in Australia.PurposeThe aims of this study were to develop an automated tool to categorize electronic records of imaging procedures into a standardized set of broad procedure types, to validate the tool by applying it to data collected from nine facilities, and to assess the feasibility of applying the automated tool to compute population dose and determine the data manipulations required.MethodsA rule‐based classifier was implemented capitalizing on semantic and clinical rules. The keyword list was initially built from 609 unique study descriptions. It was then refined using an additional 414 unique study descriptions. The classifier was then tested on an additional 1198 unique study descriptions. Input from a radiologist provided the ground truth for the refinement of the classifier.ResultsFrom a sample of 238 139 studies containing 2794 unique study descriptions, the classifier correctly classified 2789 study types with only five misclassifications, demonstrating the feasibility of automating the process and the need for data pre‐processing. Dose statistics for 21 categories were compiled using the 238 139 studies.ConclusionThe classifier achieved excellent classification results using the testing data supplied by the facilities. However, since all data supplied were from public facilities, the performance of the classifier may be biased. The performance of the classifier is yet to be tested on a more representative mix of private and public facilities.
Patient‐specific quality assurance of dynamically‐collimated proton therapy treatment plans
Authors: Bennett Laura C. , Hyer Daniel E. , Vu Justin , Patwardhan Kaustubh , Erhart Kevin , Gutierrez Alonso N. , Pons Eduardo , Jensen Eric , Ubau Manual , Zapata Julio , Wroe Andrew , Wake Karsten , Nelson Nicholas P. , Culberson Wesley S. , Smith Blake R. , Hill Patrick M. , Flynn Ryan T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe dynamic collimation system (DCS) provides energy layer‐specific collimation for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy using two pairs of orthogonal nickel trimmer blades. While excellent measurement‐to‐calculation agreement has been demonstrated for simple cube‐shaped DCS‐trimmed dose distributions, no comparison of measurement and dose calculation has been made for patient‐specific treatment plans.PurposeTo validate a patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) process for DCS‐trimmed PBS treatment plans and evaluate the agreement between measured and calculated dose distributions.MethodsThree intracranial patient cases were considered. Standard uncollimated PBS and DCS‐collimated treatment plans were generated for each patient using the Astroid treatment planning system (TPS). Plans were recalculated in a water phantom and delivered at the Miami Cancer Institute (MCI) using an Ion Beam Applications (IBA) dedicated nozzle system and prototype DCS. Planar dose measurements were acquired at two depths within low‐gradient regions of the target volume using an IBA MatriXX ion chamber array.ResultsMeasured and calculated dose distributions were compared using 2D gamma analysis with 3%/3 mm criteria and low dose threshold of 10% of the maximum dose. Median gamma pass rates across all plans and measurement depths were 99.0% (PBS) and 98.3% (DCS), with a minimum gamma pass rate of 88.5% (PBS) and 91.2% (DCS).ConclusionsThe PSQA process has been validated and experimentally verified for DCS‐collimated PBS. Dosimetric agreement between the measured and calculated doses was demonstrated to be similar for DCS‐collimated PBS to that achievable with noncollimated PBS.
Mechanisms for pelvic floor muscle training: Morphological changes and associations between changes in pelvic floor muscle variables and symptoms of female stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse—A narrative review
Authors: Bø Kari 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionToday there is Level 1, recommendation A for pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) to be effective in treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, the mechanisms of action are discussed. The aim of the present overview was to give an update of studies evaluating the effect of PFMT on pelvic floor morphology and associations between changes in PFM strength and symptoms of female SUI and POP.Materials and MethodsThis was a narrative review retrieving studies from systematic reviews of PFMT for SUI and POP. In addition, an open search on PubMed with the search terms PFMT and morphology was conducted. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and pre–posttest design studies were included. PEDro rating scale (0–10) was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsTen studies were found reporting on morphological changes after PFMT. The four RCTs had PEDro score between 5 and 8/10. The studies found significant higher bladder neck position and narrower levator hiatus dimensions, thicker external urethral sphincter, increased cross‐sectional area of PFM, improvement in PFM tears and blood flow. Twenty studies analyzed associations between changes in different PFMT variables and SUI and POP. Eleven studies found a positive weak to moderate association and six studies reported no association. Studies comparing responders and nonresponders to PFMT found statistically significant better PFM variables in responders.ConclusionPFMT can change pelvic floor muscle and external urethral sphincter anatomy. This contributes to the understanding on how PFMT can be effective in prevention and treatment of SUI and POP.
Association of leukopenia in the development of cancer chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis and its severity
Authors: Yoshida Kensuke , Kurokawa Akira , Hoshino Naoto , Saito Chie , Koga Masayoshi , Soga Marie , Yamashita Moe , Tanaka Keiko , Ishiyama Mayuka , Kanemaru Hiroko , Pak Kyongsun , Tomihara Kei , Sugiura Munetoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo prevent oral mucositis, it is important to understand its associated risk factors, such as highly cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, sex, and low body weight. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression and oral mucositis in Japan. In this study, we examined the relationship between chemotherapy‐induced leukopenia and the severity of oral mucositis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who received oral care interventions during cancer chemotherapy. Hematological values were obtained at the initiation of chemotherapy and on the proximal day of changes in the grade (Gr) of oral mucositis. The Gr of oral mucositis was assessed by dentists and dental hygienists using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0).ResultsThe data of 79 patients were analyzed during the study period. The incidence of oral mucositis was 7/79 (8.9%). The incidences of grades 1–4 were 4/79 (5.1%), 2/79 (2.5%), 0/79 (0%), and 1/79 (1.3%), respectively. Notably, the incidence of oral mucositis was significantly higher in patients with lower white blood cell and neutrophil counts (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis further revealed that patients with Gr 2 or higher leukopenia had a significantly higher risk of developing Grade 2 or higher oral mucositis (adjusted odds ratio: 5.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.60–17.0; p = 0.0062).ConclusionCancer chemotherapy induced‐oral mucositis may be at great risk in patients with Gr 2 or higher leukopenia.
Impact of public leadership on public service motivation and performance in complex environments
Authors: Verka Safyan Tahir , Sabharwal Meghna , Hassan Shazia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the effects of public leadership (PL) on job performance (JP) and notes the mediating role of public service motivation (PSM) and the moderating role of environmental complexity (ENC) between PSM and JP. The research framework was tested using a survey of 211 civil servants working in Pakistan. The findings indicate significant positive effects of PL on JP. This relationship was partially mediated by PSM. Additionally, this study found that ENC negatively moderates the positive relationship of PSM and JP and dampens the effect of PSM on JP. The managerial implication of this study is to translate PSM into improved JP by reducing environmental complexities. Suggestions for future research are also presented.
A survey of recent publications on polymers employing reactive, halogen‐free flame‐retardant functionalities
Authors: Stovall Benjamin J , Long Timothy E 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModern society relies heavily on producing commercial and industrial plastics to improve the quality and quantity of our lives. However, increased fire risks threaten commercial operations and the potential impact of high‐performance electronic and transportation technologies that utilize polymeric materials. Despite significant monitoring and reduction of commonly used halogenated flame retardants, their worldwide usage still poses environmental hazards. Many non‐halogenated flame‐retardant compounds are viable additives for synthetic polymers; however, their incorporation often results in reduced composite homogeneity and mechanical strength. This review focuses on reactive flame retardants and the effect of polymer structure on inherent flame retardance in recent studies. The synthesis and characterization of polymeric systems (e.g. polyurethanes, polyamides, polyimides, polyesters and epoxy resins) are discussed in terms of structure–flame‐retardant performance using a complement of analytical tools, including thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index and UL 94 testing. These commercially important polymeric systems represent a broad compositional space for future adaptation and the discovery of increasingly modular polymeric materials with, while also contributing to the fundamental understanding of unique combinations of gas‐ and condensed‐phase mechanisms of flame retardance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cost‐efficiency potential of solar energy on a global scale: Case studies for Si solar modules with PERC and heterojunction structures
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoya , Katayama Hirotaka , Kinden Yosuke , Kato Yoshitsune , Aya Youichirou , Hashiguchi Taiki , Kanematsu Daiji , Kobayashi Tomonao , Terakawa Akira , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLevelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is a crucial metric for assessing the socio‐economic cost‐efficiency potential of various energy sources including solar photovoltaics. Nevertheless, accurate LCOE estimations for commercialized high‐efficiency Si solar modules with passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) structures have been lacking. In this study, we present the first global LCOE estimates for a PERC module (20% cell efficiency) and a SHJ module (23% cell efficiency), which have been derived by (i) performing rigorous energy‐yield calculations with full‐spectral and temperature‐dependent simulations that incorporate all essential meteorological effects and (ii) considering country‐specific capital costs and discount rates. Moreover, to determine the universal global LCOE, the LCOEs for three distinct installation capacities (100 MW for a utility, 500 kW for a commercial, and 5 kW for a residential system) have been unified by selecting an appropriate system size at each location based on a population density. We find that the LCOEs of both PERC and SHJ systems are below 3 cents/kWh in 2020 US dollar in many areas of China, Saudi Arabia, the United States, Australia, Chile, and Botswana, where the conditions of a high energy yield, low population density, low capital cost, and low country‐risk premium are satisfied simultaneously. In contrast, many European countries exhibit a moderate LCOE of 3~5 cents/kWh. Notably, Japan and Russia exhibit quite high LCOEs (6~10 cents/kWh) primarily due to significantly higher installation costs and moderate energy yields. Importantly, the global LCOEs of the PERC and SHJ modules are quite similar, with the SHJ module showing a slightly better cost performance in the regions near the equator due to its low temperature coefficient. Conversely, the PERC module demonstrates a cost advantage in the Northern Hemisphere due to a lower module cost.