bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts des dépôts atmosphériques acides sur l'eau des sols forestiers
Authors: Pannatier Elisabeth Graf , Thimonier Anne , Schmitt Maria , Waldner Peter , Walthert Lorenz 
Published: September 2012

Impacts of atmospheric acid deposition on soil solutions in forests
After a massive input of acidifying components on the environment in the middle of the 20th century, atmospheric acid deposition has decreased as a result of sulphur emission reduction. The continuous acid input might affect the chemistry of soils and drainage waters and accelerate soil acidification. In the framework of the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF), we examined whether acid deposition has continued to decline in the last ten years in different forest ecosystems and how the chemistry of soil water reacted to the improvement in air quality. Acid deposition decreased significantly at only three out of the nine study sites. Sulphur deposition declined at all sites, but due to the relatively low sulphur load compared to nitrogen deposition, it did not contribute to decrease acid deposition. Chemistry of soil solution remained quite constant since the beginning of the measurements about ten years ago. We did not observe any acidification of soil solution in six out of eight sites. In contrast, changes in soil solution chemistry at two sites showed a rapid acidification. At three sites, the deeper soil layer released large amount of sulphate coupled with base cations, which likely contributed to deplete the soil in nutrients. The analysis of the base saturation in 1039 soil profiles across Switzerland shows a high risk of relatively fast acidification of soil solution in almost 20% of sites.
Major Malformations Following Exposure to Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs During the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: DANIEL SHARON , MATOK ILAN , GORODISCHER RAFAEL , KOREN GIDEON , UZIEL ELIA , WIZNITZER ARNON , LEVY AMALIA 
Published: September 2012

Objective.Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) are among the most common medicines used by pregnant women. Published data are controversial regarding fetal safety following intrauterine exposure to NSAID. We investigated exposure to NSAID in the first trimester in a large cohort of infants and fetuses.Methods.A computerized database of medications dispensed from 1998 to 2009 to all women registered in the “Clalit” health maintenance organization in Southern Israel was linked with 2 computerized databases containing maternal and infant hospitalization records. Pregnancy terminations for medical reasons were analyzed. The following confounders were controlled for: parity, maternal age, ethnicity, maternal pregestational diabetes, maternal inflammatory disease, and year of birth or pregnancy termination. First trimester exposure to nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and to selective COX-2 inhibitors as groups and to individual drugs was analyzed.Results.There were 110,783 pregnancies during the study period: 109,544 singleton births and 1239 pregnancy terminations for medical reasons. In total, 5267 mothers were exposed to NSAID during the first trimester of pregnancy: 5153 to nonselective COX inhibitors and 114 to COX-2 selective inhibitors. Exposure to NSAID in the first trimester, as groups (nonselective COX and selective COX-2 inhibitors) and as individual drugs, was not associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations in general (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.96−1.21 for nonselective; and adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.70−2.78, for selective COX-2 inhibitors), although an increased risk for musculoskeletal malformations was found following exposure to COX-2 selective inhibitors (adjusted OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.37−8.34).Conclusion.Intrauterine exposure to NSAID was not associated with increased risk for major congenital malformations. Further studies are needed to assess the risk for malformations after exposure to COX-2 selective inhibitors.
Le religieux face au politique
Authors: Schlegel Jean-Louis 
Published: September 2012

Resumé La société a-t-elle besoin du religieux ? Oui sans doute. Mais ce religieux est disséminé, vécu « à la carte » par l’individu. Quant au politique, il gère mais ne mobilise plus les citoyens. D’où la même relative faiblesse de l’Etat et des Eglises, le même déclin du militantisme.
Congrégations et associations cultuelles
Authors: Boyer Alain 
Published: September 2012

Resumé L’exercice de la religion n’est pas le simple exercice du culte. Comment définir en droit les congrégations ? Comment assurer l’égalité réelle entre les «nouveaux» cultes (musulman, surtout) et les religions mieux «installées» ?. L’équilibre de la laïcité est toujours fragile.
Evisceration and Enucleation: A National Survey of Practice Patterns in the United States
Authors: Shah Ruchi D. , Singa Ramesh M. , Aakalu Vinay K. , Setabutr Pete 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The management of evisceration and enucleation has changed over time. The authors assessed the practice patterns regarding eye removal among oculoplastic surgeons.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Internet-based surveys were sent to American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons members regarding preferences in evisceration and/or enucleation, including indications, surgical techniques, preoperative evaluation modalities, implant types used, and postoperative complications experienced.

RESULTS:
Surgeons who recently completed fellowship training are more likely to perform eviscerations than their senior counterparts. The variety of viable implant types and the use of enucleation or evisceration for certain indications were not always in concordance with historical guiding principles. However, changing trends are in line with the current literature.

CONCLUSION:
Current practice patterns reflect recent literature and historical trends.
Protective Immunity against Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Is Associated with STAT1-Mediated Classical Macrophage Activation
Authors: Hardison Sarah E. , Herrera Gina , Young Mattie L. , Hole Camaron R. , Wozniak Karen L. , Wormley Floyd L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Experimental pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection in BALB/c mice is associated with polarized Th2-type cytokine production, alternative macrophage activation, and severe bronchopneumonia. In contrast, pulmonary infection with a C. neoformans strain that secretes IFN-γ, H99γ, elicits Th1-type cytokine production and classical macrophage activation. Additionally, mice infected with H99γ resolve the acute infection and are subsequently protected against challenge with wild-type C. neoformans. The present study characterizes macrophage activation during the protective response to wild-type C. neoformans in mice previously immunized with H99γ. We observed increased pulmonary Th1-type cytokine production in lung homogenates and classical macrophage activation as evidenced by enhanced expression of inducible NO synthase in the lungs of H99γ-immunized mice compared with mice given a nonprotective immunization with heat-killed C. neoformans (HKCn). Furthermore, macrophages isolated from H99γ-immunized mice on day 7 postchallenge and cultured in vitro were fungistatic against C. neoformans, whereas cryptococcal growth was uncontrolled within macrophages from HKCn-immunized mice. Th2-type cytokine production and induction of alternatively activated macrophages were also observed in lungs of HKCn-immunized mice during rechallenge. Gene expression arrays showed that classical macrophage activation during challenge infection in H99γ-immunized mice was associated with induction of the transcription factor STAT1 and its downstream targets IFN regulatory factor-1, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1, CXCL9, and CXCL10. These studies demonstrate that protective responses to C. neoformans challenge in immunized mice include classical macrophage activation and enhanced macrophage fungistasis of C. neoformans yeasts. Finally, the classical activation phenotype of protective anticryptococcal macrophages is likely mediated via STAT1 signal transduction pathways.
Immunoproteasome Subunit LMP7 Deficiency and Inhibition Suppresses Th1 and Th17 but Enhances Regulatory T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Kalim Khalid W. , Basler Michael , Kirk Christopher J. , Groettrup Marcus 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The immunoproteasome generates peptides presented on MHC class I molecules to cytotoxic T cells. ONX 0914 (formerly called PR-957) is a selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular mass polypeptide (LMP) 7 (β5i) that attenuates disease progression in mouse models of diabetes, colitis, and arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LMP7-specific inhibition on major Th cell differentiation pathways involved in the progression of autoimmune diseases in vitro and in vivo. We used ONX 0914-treated wild-type CD4+ T cells and also LMP7−/− CD4+ T cells under different Th cell-polarizing conditions, focusing on the effector cytokines and transcription factors involved, and compared them with wild-type CD4+ T cells. Mouse models of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and a T cell transfer model of colitis were used for in vivo assessment. Deletion or inhibition of LMP7 suppressed generation of Th17 but promoted regulatory T cell (Treg) development. In developing Th17 cells, immunoproteasome inhibition blocked phosphorylation of STAT3, whereas in Tregs, SMAD phosphorylation was enhanced. Additionally, LMP7 inhibition led to reduced STAT1 phosphorylation and Th1 differentiation. These findings were confirmed in vivo as LMP7 inhibition or deficiency resulted in reduced Th1 and Th17 expansion while promoting Treg development in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Also, in a T cell-dependent transfer model of colitis, LMP7-specific inhibition led to reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation in vivo. LMP7 governs Th cell lineage determination by affecting the balance of receptor proximal signals during differentiation. These data render LMP7 a promising drug target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
On the Counting Function of Elliptic Carmichael Numbers
Authors: Luca Florian , Shparlinski Igor E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe give an upper bound for the number of elliptic Carmichael numbers n ≤ x that were recently introduced by J. H. Silverman in the case of an elliptic curve without complex multiplication (non CM). We also discuss several possible further improvements.
Efficacy of Quilting Sutures and Fibrin Sealant Together for Prevention of Seroma in Extended Latissimus Dorsi Flap Donor Sites
Authors: Shin In Soo , Lee Dong Won , Lew Dae Hyun 
Published: September 2012

Background The extended latissimus dorsi flap is important for breast reconstruction. Unfortunately, donor site seroma is the most common complication of extended latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction. Although using fibrin sealant in the donor site reduces the rate of seroma formation, donor site seroma remains a troublesome complication. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of quilting sutures and fibrin sealant in the latissimus dorsi donor site for the prevention of seroma.Methods Forty-six patients who underwent breast reconstruction with extended latissimus flap were enrolled in the study. The patients received either fibrin sealant (group 1, n=25) or a combination of fibrin sealant and quilting sutures (group 2, n=21) in the extended latissimus dorsi donor site. Outcome measures were obtained from the incidence, volume of postoperative seroma, total drainage amount, indwelling period of drainage, and duration of hospital stay.Results The incidence of seroma was 76% in group 1 and 42.9% in group 2 (P=0.022). We also found significant reductions in seroma volume (P=0.043), total drainage amount (P=0.002), indwelling period of drainage (P=0.01), and frequency of aspiration (P=0.043). The quilting sutures did not affect the rate of drainage, tube reinsertion, or hospital stay.Conclusions The use of quilting sutures combined with fibrin sealant on the latissimus dorsi flap donor site is helpful for reducing the overall seroma volume, frequency of aspiration, and total drainage amount.
Analysis of 120 Pectoralis Major Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: You Young Sun , Chung Chul Hoon , Chang Yong Joon , Kim Kuyl Hee , Jung Sung Won , Rho Young Soo 
Published: September 2012

Background A pectoralis major flap is one of the standard tools for the reconstruction of defects of the head and neck. Despite the technical advancement in free tissue transfer in head and neck reconstruction, the benefits of a pectoralis major flap should not be overlooked. The purpose of this study is to evaluate our 17 years of experience in reconstructing defects of the head and neck region using the pectoralis major flap.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 112 patients (120 cases) who underwent pectoralis major flap operations for head and neck reconstruction during a period ranging from 1994 to 2010.
Results In our series, no total necrosis of the flap occurred. Of the total cases, 30.8% presented with flap-related complications. Major complications occurred in 20% of all of the cases but were then all successfully treated. The male sex was correlated with the occurrence of overall complications (P=0.020) and major complications (P=0.007). Preoperative albumin levels of <3.8 g/dL were correlated with the formation of fistula (P=0.030). Defects of the hypopharynx were correlated with the occurrence of major complications (P=0.019) and the formation of fistula (P=0.012). Secondary reconstructions were correlated with the occurrence of overall complications (P=0.013) and the formation of fistula (P=0.030).
Conclusions A pectoralis major flap is still considered to be a safe, versatile one-stage reconstruction procedure in the management of the defects of head and neck and the protection of the carotid artery.
Usefulness of Intravenous Anesthesia Using a Target-controlled Infusion System with Local Anesthesia in Submuscular Breast Augmentation Surgery
Authors: Chung Kyu-Jin , Cha Kyu-Ho , Lee Jun-Ho , Kim Yong-Ha , Kim Tae-Gon , Kim Il-Guk 
Published: September 2012

Background Patients have anxiety and fear of complications due to general anesthesia. Through new instruments and local anesthetic drugs, a variety of anesthetic methods have been introduced. These methods keep hospital costs down and save time for patients. In particular, the target-controlled infusion (TCI) system maintains a relatively accurate level of plasma concentration, so the depth of anesthesia can be adjusted more easily. We conducted this study to examine whether intravenous anesthesia using the TCI system with propofol and remifentanil would be an effective method of anesthesia in breast augmentation.
Methods This study recruited 100 patients who underwent breast augmentation surgery from February to August 2011. Intravenous anesthesia was performed with 10 mg/mL propofol and 50 µg/mL remifentanil simultaneously administered using two separate modules of a continuous computer-assisted TCI system. The average target concentration was set at 2 µg/mL and 2 ng/mL for propofol and remifentanil, respectively, and titrated against clinical effect and vital signs. Oxygen saturation, electrocardiography, and respiratory status were continuously measured during surgery. Blood pressure was measured at 5-minute intervals. Information collected includes total duration of surgery, dose of drugs administered during surgery, memory about surgery, and side effects.
Results Intraoperatively, there was transient hypotension in two cases and hypoxia in three cases. However, there were no serious complications due to anesthesia such as respiratory difficulty, deep vein thrombosis, or malignant hypertension, for which an endotracheal intubation or reversal agent would have been needed. All the patients were discharged on the day of surgery and able to ambulate normally.
Conclusions Our results indicate that anesthetic methods, where the TCI of propofol and remifentanil is used, might replace general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in breast augmentation surgery.
Fingertip Reconstruction Using Free Toe Tissue Transfer Without Venous Anastomosis
Authors: Yoon Won Young , Lee Byung Il 
Published: September 2012

Background This study was designed to introduce the feasibility of toe tissue transfer without venous outflow for fingertip reconstruction.
Methods Five cases of fingertip defects were treated successfully with this method. Four cases were traumatic fingertip defects, and one case was a hook-nail deformity. The lateral pulp of a great toe or medioinferior portion of a second toe was used as the donor site. An arterial pedicle was dissected only within the digit and anastomosis was performed within 2 cm around the defect margin. The digital nerve was repaired simultaneously. No additional dissection of the dorsal or volar pulp vein was performed in either the donor or recipient sites. Other surgical procedures were performed following conventional techniques. Postoperative venous congestion was monitored with pulp temperature, color, and degree of tissue oxygen saturation. Venous congestion was decompressed with a needle-puncture method intermittently, but did not require continuous external bleeding for salvage.
Results Venous congestion was observed in all the flaps, but improved within 3 or 4 days postoperatively. The flap size was from 1.5×1.5 cm2 to 2.0×3.0 cm2. The mean surgical time was 2 hours and 20 minutes. A needle puncture was carried out every 2 hours during the first postoperative day, and then every 4 hours thereafter. The amount of blood loss during each puncture procedure was less than 0.2 mL. In the long-term follow-up, no flap atrophy was observed.
Conclusions When used properly, the free toe tissue transfer without venous anastomosis method can be a treatment option for small defects on the fingertip area.
Phospholipid Polymers
Authors: Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Bioinspired phospholipid polymers have attracted much attention in polymer science, biomaterials science, and biomedical engineering, because some of the polymers show very unique interfacial characteristics in the solution and at the surface. A large amount of research is taking place in these fields. In this article, the recent progress in phospholipid polymer chemistry is summarized.
Counterpoints With Crisis
Authors: Weiss Srdjan Jovanovic 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAs conflict swept the west Balkans in the post‐Soviet years of the 1990s, a new form of mainstream spatial expression emerged – turbo architecture. This manifested itself in popular, showy and postmodern self‐built constructions. As the political situation matures, Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss of Normal Architecture Office (NAO) argues the case for a ‘normal architecture’ in the region, which rather than focusing on the need for self‐expression among individuals, enables a new level of public engagement in urban life.
The Perfect Storm: Urbanism and Architecture
Authors: Witte Ron 
Published: September 2012

AbstractArchitecture and urbanism have become ambivalent. Ron Witte of design‐based think‐tank WW tracks the history of an acrimonious relationship, from Haussmann's grand plan for Paris through to the perceived failure of Modernism and the more recent rise of geometry and programme. Could this divide, though, be bridged, and the two fields reunited with a new geometry in which ‘architecture reaches into the city’ and ‘the city reaches into architecture’?
Urban Wash
Authors: Lally Sean 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSean Lally of WEATHERS urges designers to realise the performative capabilities of the ambient effects of the urban wash – the artificial light given off by cities at night. Taking up this principle of a wash within his designs for the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk, he demonstrates how a ‘climatic wash’ could create an artificial microclimate that extends the seasonal activities of the museum's programmes.
Marked variability in the radiographic features of cartilage‐hair hypoplasia: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kwan Andrea , Manning M.A. , Zollars Linda K. , Hoyme H. Eugene 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCartilage‐hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare recessive metaphyseal chondrodysplasia characterized by severe short stature, ectodermal dysplasia, anemia in childhood, immune deficiency, susceptibility to malignancy, and normal intelligence. Short, thick long bones, metaphyseal flaring and irregularities, and globular epiphyses at the knees and ankles are the typical radiographic findings. The diagnosis is primarily made on the basis of clinical features, although mutations in the RMRP gene have recently been described in affected individuals, facilitating confirmation of the clinical diagnosis in atypical patients. We present a patient with two RMRP mutations whose stature and ectodermal features supported the diagnosis of CHH, but whose radiographic findings and other extraskeletal findings did not. We propose that the most consistent and reliable features of CHH are short stature of prenatal onset and ectodermal dysplasia, and suggest that the diagnosis of CHH be considered and mutation analysis pursued even when typical radiographic findings are absent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Chiral Olefin Ligands and their Application in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChiral olefins have recently emerged as among the most promising ligands for asymmetric catalysis. In the past nearly ten years, significant advances have been made in developing ligands, including diene and heteroatom/olefin hybrid ligands, and exploring their applications in challenging metal‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Especially in some cases, chiral olefin ligands have an obvious advantage over some conventional chiral ligands in terms of activity and selectivity. Besides the most often studied rigidly bicyclic dienes, readily accessible chiral‐chain dienes with flexible frameworks and two terminal olefins as coordinating groups have also proven to be effective for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity in transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Moreover, the terminal olefins can be combined with phosphorus atoms on suitable chiral skeletons for the development of novel phosphorus/olefin (P/olefin) hybrid ligands, which have high activity and selectivity in Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric transformations. Significantly, sulfur/olefin (S/olefin) hybrid ligands have been successfully explored and applied in a range of Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric transformations. This Focus Review will mainly discuss the synthesis of recently developed chiral‐chain diene ligands, phosphorus/terminal‐olefin hybrid ligands, and sulfur/olefin hybrid ligands, and their application in asymmetric catalysis.