bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome after colorectal full-thickness resection and management of recurrence
Authors: Mueller Julius , Miedtke Valentin , Kuellmer Armin , Schiemer Moritz , Bettinger Dominik , Thimme Robert , Schmidt Arthur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic full-thickness resection
(eFTR) allows treatment of “difficult to resect” lesions not amenable to conventional
endoscopic methods. Efficacy and safety of the system have already been proven in numerous
studies. Follow-up data on outcome of colorectal eFTR and management of recurrences are still
rare.
Patients and methods All patients undergoing colorectal eFTR at
our institution with at least one endoscopic follow-up examination were retrospectively
analyzed. The primary endpoint was the rate of recurrent or residual lesions (RRLs) and the
secondary endpoint was the rate of late adverse events (AEs). We further aimed to identify
risk factors for RRLs and to describe their management.
Results Between November 2014 and 2021, 141 patients underwent
eFTR at University Medical Center Freiburg. Ninety-one patients fulfilled the inclusion
criteria. Indications for eFTR were non-lifting adenoma (n = 65), subepithelial tumors (n =
18) and early carcinoma (n = 8). The median follow-up period was 17 months (range, 2–86). The
overall RRL rate was 9.9% (9/91). A significant proportion of RRLs (6/9, 66%) were detected
late. All RRLs occurred in the group of non-lifting adenoma, corresponding to a RRL rate of
13.8% in this subgroup. Thirty-three percent (3/9) were initially treated by hybrid eFTR. Of
the RRLs, 66.6% could were successfully treated endoscopically. On χ2 analysis, the hybrid
eFTR technique (P = 0.006) was associated with a higher rate of
RRL. No late AEs occurred.
Conclusions The rate of RRL after colorectal eFTR is low and the
majority could be treated endoscopically. For non-lifting adenomas and early carcinomas, close
follow-up is mandatory to detect late recurrence. Long-term outcomes after hybrid eFTR need
further investigation.
Lymphatic Mapping with Multi-Lymphosome Indocyanine Green Lymphography in Legs with Lymphedema
Authors: Hara Hisako , Mihara Makoto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is observed that the locations of the most functional lymphatic vessels in the lymphedematous limbs can differ significantly from those in healthy limbs. The aim of this study was to elucidate the lymphatic map of lymphedematous limbs. We retrospectively analyzed 59 patients (118 limbs) with lower limb lymphedema. Fifty-five were women and four were men. The mean age and duration of lymphedema was 62.4 and 7.7 years, respectively. For the lateral thigh lymphosome, we injected indocyanine green (ICG) at the lateral knee and measured the distance (Dt) between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the point where the lymphatic vessels crossed the reference line (the line connecting the ASIS and the patellar center). For the lateral calf lymphosome, we injected ICG at the lateral ankle and measured the distance (Dc) between the inferior patellar border and the point where the lymphatic vessels crossed the reference line (the anterior border of the tibia). In the lateral thigh, the mean Dt was 30.4 ± 0.6 cm (range, 0–41 cm) and the distribution peaked at approximately 30 cm from the ASIS. In the calf, the mean Dc was 13.1 ± 0.9 cm (range, −11 to 32 cm). The distribution of lymphatic vessel locations was highly variable. We could establish the lymphatic map in the lymphedematous legs. The distribution of lymphatic vessels in the thigh and lower legs had one and two peaks, respectively.
Interprofessional Evaluation of a Medication Clinical Decision Support System Prior to Implementation
Authors: Bauer Jacqueline , Busse Marika , Kopetzky Tanja , Seggewies Christof , Fromm Martin F. , Dörje Frank 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are widespread due to increasing digitalization of hospitals. They can be associated with reduced medication errors and improved patient safety, but also with well-known risks (e.g., overalerting, nonadoption).
Objectives Therefore, we aimed to evaluate a commonly used CDSS containing Medication-Safety-Validators (e.g., drug–drug interactions), which can be locally activated or deactivated, to identify limitations and thereby potentially optimize the use of the CDSS in clinical routine.
Methods Within the implementation process of Meona (commercial CPOE/CDSS) at a German University hospital, we conducted an interprofessional evaluation of the CDSS and its included Medication-Safety-Validators following a defined algorithm: (1) general evaluation, (2) systematic technical and content-related validation, (3) decision of activation or deactivation, and possibly (4) choosing the activation mode (interruptive or passive). We completed the in-depth evaluation for exemplarily chosen Medication-Safety-Validators. Moreover, we performed a survey among 12 German University hospitals using Meona to compare their configurations.
Results Based on the evaluation, we deactivated 3 of 10 Medication-Safety-Validators due to technical or content-related limitations. For the seven activated Medication-Safety-Validators, we chose the interruptive option [“PUSH-(&PULL)-modus”] four times (4/7), and a new, on-demand option [“only-PULL-modus”] three times (3/7). The site-specific configuration (activation or deactivation) differed across all participating hospitals in the survey and led to varying medication safety alerts for identical patient cases.
Conclusion An interprofessional evaluation of CPOE and CDSS prior to implementation in clinical routine is crucial to detect limitations. This can contribute to a sustainable utilization and thereby possibly increase medication safety.
Language learning in times of danger
Authors: Fernández Susana S. , Appel Christine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we contribute to the study of intercultural pragmatics and, more specifically, the
“pragmatics of danger” by exploring how adult participants in an online exchange program with focus on Spanish and English
learning talk about the corona virus and the impact the pandemic has in their lives. We focus on the Covid-19 related topics
that emerge in their exchanges and we search for keywords and eventual new words and concepts that shed light on people’s
situation at the time. Our material, consisting of video recordings of participant conversations, is from the month of April
2020, a month into the global lockdown. It therefore provides us with a valuable snapshot of a time characterized by
insecurity on how things would evolve and on to what degree the pandemic would disrupt life as we knew it.
The cultural pragmatics of “danger” in Chinese political discourse
Authors: Ye Zhengdao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines a way of speaking about “looming danger” that is pervasive in Chinese Communist
Party discourse but which has not been given much attention in studies of Chinese elite politics. It centres on cultural
beliefs underlying the discourse of jū ān sī wēi (‘think about danger during peaceful time’) and unpacks its
associated meaning and the cultural contents surrounding this discourse. The paper argues and demonstrates that political
discourse is a form of cultural pragmatics, in that the former builds on fundamental beliefs and values of the culture in
which the discourse is situated, and that these beliefs and values may be influenced and reinforced by historical events and
national memory. It also demonstrates that Natural Semantics Metalanguage can be a useful tool for analysing and representing
the cultural elements in political discourse.
Optimizing charge transport and band-offset in silicon heterojunction solar cells: impact of TiO2 contact deposition temperature
Authors: Pandey Anand , Kumar Tarun , Mondal Arnab , Bag Ankush 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Carrier selective contacts are a primary requirement for fabricating silicon heterojunction solar cells (SHSCs). TiO2 is a prominent carrier selective contact in SHSCs owing to its excellent optoelectronic features such as suitable band offset, work function, and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we fabricated simple SHSCs in an Al/TiO2/p-Si/Ti/Au device configuration. Ultrathin 3 nm TiO2 layers were deposited onto a p-type silicon substrate using the atomic layer deposition method. The deposition temperature of TiO2 layers varied from 100 °C to 250 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies suggest that deposition temperature highly affects the chemical states of TiO2 and reduces the formation of defective state densities at the Fermi energy. The optical band gap values of TiO2 layers are also altered from 3.13 eV to 3.27 eV when the deposition temperature increases. The work function tuning from −5.13 eV to −4.83 eV has also been observed in TiO2 layers, suggesting the variation in Fermi level tuning, which arises due to changes in carrier concentrations at higher temperatures. Several device parameters, such as ideality factor, trap density, reverse saturation current density, barrier height, etc, have been quantified to comprehend the effects of deposition temperature on photovoltaic device performance. The results suggest that the deposition temperature significantly influences the charge transport and device performance. At an optimum temperature, a significant reduction in charge carrier recombination and trap state density has been observed, which helps to improve power conversion efficiency.
Double autocorrelation-based cyclicity evaluation for repetitive transients feature extraction
Authors: Liang Lin , Wang Junjing , Liu Dan , Hu Wenhao , Qiao Miaomiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The vibration response caused by bearing local defects has impact and periodicity in waveform, which provides a standard for the frequency band selection in envelope analysis. However, most periodicity measurements without prior knowledge belong to sparsity evaluation, while the defects of sparsity index in nature are inevitable. Inspired by the periodic component extraction of autocorrelation function, a novel cyclicity measurement based on double autocorrelation calculation is proposed. With the help of normalization, this approach can distinguish periodic impulses from random impulses by using the periodic sub-maxima of the envelope autocorrelation. Considering the influence of the noise component on the autocorrelation of the periodic signal, the sub-maximums are maintained by threshold processing. On this basis, the re-autocorrelation is calculated to identify the periodic sub-maximum. Finally, as a non-prior index, a demodulation band selection is also proposed in combination with an impulsivity evaluation. The results of the proposed method are analyzed and verified by comparison with typical methods.
Entropy production and the generalised second law of black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Sofos Iason A , Kanzi Sara , Varcoe Benjamin T H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The generalised second law of black hole thermodynamics states that the sum of a black hole’s entropy and the entropy of all matter outside the black hole cannot decrease with time. The violation of the generalised second law via the process in which a distant observer extracts work by lowering a box arbitrarily close to the event horizon of a black hole has two profound ramifications: (1) that the entropy of the Universe can be decreased arbitrarily via this process; and (2) that it is not appropriate to apply the laws of thermodynamics to systems containing black holes. In this paper, we argue that for the generalised second law to not be violated, entropy must be produced during the lowering process. To demonstrate this, we begin by deriving an equation for the locally measured temperature of the vacuum state of an observer that is a finite distance from the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. Then, using this locally measured temperature and the Unruh effect, we derive an equation for the force required to hold this observer in a stationary position relative to a Schwarzschild black hole. These equations form a framework for calculating the change in black hole entropy as a result of the lowering process both in the case where the process is isentropic and in the case where entropy is produced during the lowering process. In the latter case, two requirements: (1) that the resultant change in black hole entropy is finite; and (2) that the resultant change in common entropy is finite, are used to identify two conditions that the form of an entropy production function must satisfy. These, in turn, are used to identify a set of possible functions describing the production of entropy. Using this set of functions, we demonstrate that the production of entropy limits the amount of work that the distant observer can extract from the lowering process. We find that this allows for the generalised second law to be preserved, provided that a coefficient in this set of functions satisfies a given bound. To conclude, we discuss two natural choices of this coefficient that allow for the generalised second law to be preserved in this lowering process. In addition to providing a resolution to this violation of the generalised second law, the framework presented in this paper can be applied to inform theories of gravity and quantum gravity on the form of their entropy relations, such that they do not violate the generalised second law.
A novel single mode fiber optic temperature sensor combined with the FLRDS technique
Authors: Kaya Burak Malik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A single mode optical fiber loop was employed as a temperature sensor to observe changes in optical loss regarding to ringdown time (RDT) by high sensitive the fiber loop ringdown spectroscopy (FLRDS) technique which has real-time and fast response measurement capability due to allowing trapped light pulse multiple interactions with the measurands. Two different fiber loops of 45 ± 5 m and 120 ± 5 m lengths were embedded one by one into a copper, circular and closed housing. Continuous monitoring of RDTs was carried out by changing the temperature in the range of 25–200 °C with the steps of 25 °C for the first time by using bare fiber without any modification as a temperature sensor. The FLRDS system for temperature sensing has simple design without extra components such as an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), long-period fiber grating (LPFG) or fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as sensorhead. The FLRDS system was diligently optimized to achieve the lowest baseline as %0.49. Since the RDT of the FLRDS system was changed due to the thermal expansion of the fiber, continuous monitoring of the temperature was the first time recorded by utilizing this kind of FLRDS temperature sensor. These kind of FLRDS temperature sensors have high potential to be employed in mining, nuclear facilities, railways, underwater structures, biomedical, medicine, structural health monitoring, transportation and communication applications with simple system setup, lower cost, higher sensitivity, portability, real-time and continuous monitoring for early detection.
Synthesis of uniform sized ZnS quantum dots using hydrodynamic cavitation and their characterization
Authors: Zhang Jince , Qi Xiaochen , Liu Di , Hu Yixiang , Chen Yukun , Zhou Ziyue , Jin Taiyu , Fang Dawei , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As representative non-toxic cadmium-free quantum dots (QDs), ZnS QDs with high quantum efficiency, super stability and excellent biocompatibility had attracted wide attention in the fields of photocatalysis, solar cells and biomedicine. In this study, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) technology was applied to the preparation of ZnS QDs. By adjusting HC device parameters, water soluble ZnS QDs with small particle size, narrow particle size distribution range, high absorbance, high luminous efficiency and high quantum yield were prepared. The morphology, size distribution, element composition and optical properties of ZnS QDs were studied by various characterization methods. ZnS QDs with average particle size of 1.48 nm, fluorescence quantum yield of 34.07% and Stokes shift of 112 nm were obtained. In addition, the mechanism of preparation of ZnS QDs by using HC method was also studied. It is hoped that this HC technology can provide a new idea for large-scale preparation of ZnS QDs with excellent properties.
Gapless edge-modes and topology in the Qi-Wu-Zhang model: a real-space analysis
Authors: Dasgupta Arjo , Dasgupta Indra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The topological phase transition in the Qi-Wu-Zhang model is studied using a real-space approach. An effective Hamiltonian for the topologically protected edge-modes in a finite-size system is developed. The topological phase transition is understood in terms of a global perturbation to the system which lifts the degeneracy of the edge-modes. The effective Hamiltonian method is also applied to a one-dimensional system with spatially varying hopping strengths to understand the impact of disorder on the edge-modes.
Combined speed and distance control for optimized vehicle platooning
Authors: Güzey Hacı Mehmet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to vehicle platooning using combined formation-regulation control, aiming to enhance the operation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). By integrating advanced control algorithms with precise positioning and synchronization tools, our methodology enables CAVs to autonomously navigate while maintaining minimal inter-vehicle distances, thus optimizing convoy synchronization. The proposed system consists of two main controllers: a speed consensus controller to synchronize vehicle speeds and a following distance controller to ensure safety. Our combined control approach combines these controllers dynamically based on real-time vehicle spacing, employing exponential functions to smooth the transition between control modes, thereby preventing abrupt changes in vehicle behavior. This method not only increases energy efficiency and traffic throughput but also significantly reduces the likelihood of accidents caused by sudden braking, contributing to decreased fuel consumption and enhanced road safety. Our work not only advances the technology of vehicle platooning but also promises broader implications for the overall transportation ecosystem.
Effect of plasma initialization on 3D PIC simulation of Hall thruster azimuthal instability
Authors: Xie Lihuan , Luo Xin , Zhou Zhijun , Zhao Yinjian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The lack of understanding of the azimuthal instability and the resulting electron anomalous transport limits further improvement of Hall thrusters. Compared to theoretical and experimental approaches, the numerical particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is a suitable and powerful tool, which has been widely applied to investigate the azimuthal instability, and great progress has been made in the past decades. However, PIC simulations are intrinsically computationally expensive, and it is realized that the Hall thruster azimuthal instability has a three dimensional nature. Therefore, massive 3D PIC simulation must be carried out to completely reveal the mechanism of the instability. In this paper, the effect of plasma initialization on 3D PIC simulation of Hall thruster azimuthal instability is studied as a starting point. It is found that by initializing with ion density and velocity fitting functions to the steady-state simulation results, a faster convergence can be obtained and the computational time can be reduced by about 1.5 times. Typical fitting functions of ion density, drifting velocity, and temperature are given, and the influence of different initialization profiles is presented.
Quadratic perturbations of the Schwarzschild black hole: the algebraically special sector
Authors: Achour Jibril Ben , Roussille Hugo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate quadratic algebraically special perturbations (ASPs) of the Schwarzschild black hole. Their dynamics are derived from the expansion up to second order in perturbation of the most general algebraically special twisting vacuum solution of general relativity. Following this strategy, we present analytical expressions for the axial-axial, polar-polar and polar-axial source terms entering in the dynamical equations. We show that these complicated inhomogeneous equations can be solved analytically and we present explicit expressions for the profiles of the quadratic ASPs. As expected, they exhibit exponential growth both at the past and future horizons even in the non-linear regime. We further use this result to analyze the quadratic zero modes and their interpretation in terms of quadratic corrections to mass and spin of the Schwarzschild black hole. The present work provides a direct extension beyond the linear regime of the original work by Couch and Newman.
Revisiting primordial black hole capture by neutron stars
Authors: Caiozzo Roberto , Bertone Gianfranco , Kühnel Florian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A sub-solar mass primordial black hole (PBH) passing through a neutron star, can lose enough energy through interactions with the dense stellar medium to become gravitationally bound to the star. Once captured, the PBH would sink to the core of the neutron star, and completely consume it from the inside. In this paper, we improve previous energy-loss calculations by considering a realistic solution for the neutron star interior, and refine the treatment of the interaction dynamics and collapse likelihood. We then consider the effect of a sub-solar PBH population on neutron stars near the Galactic center. We find that it is not possible to explain the lack of observed pulsars near the galactic center through dynamical capture of PBHs, as the velocity dispersion is too high. We then show that future observations of old neutron stars close to Sgr A* could set stringent constraints on the PBHs abundance. These cannot however be extended in the currently unconstrained asteroid-mass range, since PBHs of smaller mass would lose less energy in their interaction with the neutron star and end up in orbits that are too loosely bound and likely to be disrupted by other stars in the Galactic center.
Path integral formalism of open quantum systems with non-diagonal system-bath coupling
Authors: Chen Ruofan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Most path integral expressions for quantum open systems are formulated with diagonal system-bath coupling, where the influence functional is a functional of scalar-valued trajectories. This formalism is enough if only a single bath is under consideration. However, when multiple baths are present, non-diagonal system-bath couplings need to be taken into consideration. In such a situation, using an abstract Liouvillian method, the influence functional can be obtained as a functional of operator-valued trajectories. The value of the influence functional itself also becomes a superoperator rather than an ordinary scalar, whose meaning is ambiguous at first glance and its connection to the conventional understanding of the influence functional needs extra careful consideration. In this article, we present another concrete derivation of the superoperator-valued influence functional based on the straightforward Trotter–Suzuki splitting, which can provide a clear picture to interpret the superoperator-valued influence functional.