bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonological awareness and reading in boys with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Adlof Suzanne M. , Klusek Jessica , Shinkareva Svetlana V. , Robinson Marissa L. , Roberts Jane E. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundReading delays are well documented in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), but few studies have examined linguistic precursors of reading in this population. This study examined the longitudinal development of phonological awareness and its relationship with basic reading in boys with FXS. Individual differences in genetic, social‐behavioral and environmental factors were also investigated as predictors of phonological awareness.MethodsParticipants included 54 boys with FXS and 53 typically developing (TD) mental age‐matched peers who completed assessments of phonological awareness, nonverbal intelligence, and reading annually for up to 4 years. FMRP level and autism symptomatology were also measured within the FXS group. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine change in phonological awareness over time and its predictors. Linear regression was used to examine phonological awareness as a predictor of word reading.ResultsBoys with FXS exhibited slower growth than TD peers in phonological awareness only when nonverbal cognitive abilities were not controlled. The rate of change in phonological awareness decreased significantly after age 10 in boys with FXS. Phonological awareness accounted for 18% unique variance in basic reading ability after controlling for nonverbal cognition, with similar relationships across groups.ConclusionPhonological awareness skills in the boys with FXS were commensurate with their nonverbal cognitive abilities, with similar relationships between phonological awareness and reading as observed in the TD mental age‐matched peers. More research is needed to examine potential causal relationships between phonological awareness, other language skills, and reading abilities in individuals with FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Risk of cerebral palsy associated with neonatal encephalopathy in macrosomic neonates
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Akaishi Rina , Yamada Takashi , Morikawa Mamoru , Kaneuchi Masanori , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo determine whether macrosomic infants with a birthweight of 4.0 kg or more have increased risk of cerebral palsy associated with neonatal encephalopathy (Enc‐CP).MethodsA retrospective review of 132 singleton infants with Enc‐CP fulfilling all of the following criteria: born at gestational week (GW) 37 or more (n = 126) or weighing 2.5 kg or more at birth (n = 116) in or after January 2009 in Japan; no identifiable causes of cerebral palsy other than antenatal or intrapartum hypoxia; and exhibition of neonatal encephalopathy. National statistics of Japan were used to determine the numbers of infants according to birthweight categories.ResultsOf the 116 infants with a birthweight of 2.5 kg or more, 46 (39.7%), 49 (42.2%), 17 (14.7%) and four (3.4%) infants had birthweights of 2.5–2.99, 3.0–3.49, 3.5–3.99 and 4.0 kg or more, respectively. Corresponding figures among Japanese infants born in 2009–2011 were 42.8%, 45.4%, 10.9% and 0.90%, respectively. Infants with a birthweight of 4.0 kg or more had a relative risk (95% confidence interval) of Enc‐CP of 3.89 (1.52–9.95) compared to those with a birthweight of 2.5–2.99 kg.ConclusionJapanese infants with a birthweight of 4.0 kg or more have increased risk of Enc‐CP.
Comparative study of placental α‐microglobulin‐1, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 and nitrazine test to diagnose premature rupture of membranes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liang De‐ku , Qi Hong‐bo , Luo Xin , Xiao Xiao‐qiu , Jia Xiao‐yan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of placental α‐microglobulin‐1 (PAMG‐1), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) and nitrazine test to diagnose premature rupture of membranes.Material and MethodsA total of 120 pregnant women between 11 and 42 weeks with signs/symptoms of membrane rupture were eligible for our study. These women were evaluated with the PAMG‐1, IGFBP‐1, and nitrazine tests.ResultsIn the 120 women, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PAMG‐1, IGFBP‐1 and nitrazine test were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, 93.33%, 98.89%, 96.55% and 97.80%, and 93.33%, 94.44%, 84.85%, and 97.7%, respectively. In a comparison of the PAMG‐1 test and the nitrazine test, positive coincidence rate was 84.85%, negative coincidence rate was 97.70%, total coincidence rate was 94.17%, and kappa value was 0.85. In a comparison of the PAMG‐1 test and the IGFBP‐1 test, the positive coincidence rate, negative coincidence rate and total coincidence rate were 96.55%, 97.80%, and 97.50%, and kappa value was 0.93.ConclusionPAMG‐1 assay was the most accurate method to diagnose premature rupture of membranes with the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.
Use of antidiabetic agents in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus in Germany, 2008–2012
Authors: Heilmaier Christina , Thielscher Christian , Ziller May , Altmann Verena , Kostev Karel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimAdequate blood glucose control during pregnancy is important because gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to have adverse effects on the mother and child. Due to an increasing prevalence of GDM in recent years, more information on the use of different antidiabetic agents is required, which was the aim of the present study.Material and MethodsData from 32 diabetic practices in Germany were collected from January 2008 to December 2012 and analyzed using the Disease Analyzer Database. All women with International Classification of Diseases diagnosis O24 (that is, GDM) participated, except for patients with known type I or II diabetes mellitus, who were excluded. Analysis focused on the proportion of women requiring drug treatment in general. Thereafter, subanalysis was performed with a focus on the administration of different antidiabetic agents, namely insulin, metformin, and sulfonylurea.ResultsWithin the given timeframe, medication‐based treatment for GDM significantly rose to reach 30.8% of all women with GDM. Both the administration of insulin and metformin grew considerably within the 5‐year period with metformin being increasingly used without supplemental insulin and at lower dosages. Within the insulin treatment arm, insulin analogues became increasingly important. The proportion of sulfonylurea remained stable (0.2%).ConclusionsGDM is more often treated with antidiabetic agents and, due to the fact that metformin is more frequently prescribed, it can be assumed that it is increasingly regarded as a safe and effective alternative to insulin.
Two cases of recurrent abortion in which isodicentric chromosome 15 was observed in the husbands
Authors: Nonaka Taro , Ooki Izumi , Enomoto Takayuki , Takakuwa Koichi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe report two cases of women positive for anticardiolipin antibodies who experienced recurrent abortion whose husbands had isodicentric chromosome 15 aberrations who eventually had successful pregnancies. Two women were referred to our hospital due to their medical history of recurrent abortion. Both were diagnosed as being positive for anticardiolipin antibodies and their husbands with isodicentric chromosome 15. After both patients were treated with a Japanese herbal medicine (Sairei‐to) and low‐dose aspirin for the positive anticardiolipin antibodies, they delivered appropriate‐for‐date infants at term gestation. Although both husbands were revealed to have isodicentric chromosome 15, and coincidentally both wives were positive for anticardiolipin antibodies, their next pregnancies continued uneventfully as a result of the treatment.
Amniotic fluid embolism: Pathophysiology and new strategies for management
Authors: Kanayama Naohiro , Tamura Naoaki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe registry program of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) in Japan started in 2003. More than 400 hundred clinical diagnosed amniotic fluid embolism has been accumulated. Those data showed that there were two etiologies of AFE: the fetal materials create physical obstructions in the maternal microvessels in various organs, such as the lung; and (ii) the liquids cause an anaphylactoid reaction that leads to pulmonary vasospasm and activation of platelets, white blood cells and/or complements. The clinical findings showed that AFE was characterized mainly by cardiopulmonary collapse, the other involves the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and atonic bleeding. Zinc coproporphyrin‐1, sialyl Tn antigen (STN), complement C3, C4 and interleukin‐8 have been used as serum markers of AFE. The levels of zinc coproporphyrin‐1 and STN were increased in cardiopulmonary collapse type AFE, and a marked reduction of C3 and C4 was observed in DIC type AFE. At the primary medical institution, initial treatments for shock airway management, vascular management, fluid replacement, administration of anti‐DIC therapy such as antithrombin, and administration of fresh frozen plasma should be provided. C1 esterase inhibitor activity in AFE cases was significantly lower than those of normal pregnant women. C1 esterase inhibitor may be a promising candidate of treatment of AFE.
Intravenous Thrombolysis Outcomes in Patients Presenting with Large Vessel Acute Ischemic Strokes—CT Angiography‐Based Prognosis
Authors: Rai Ansaar , Cline Brendan , Williams Eric , Carpenter Jeffrey , Roberts Thomas 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo establish outcome rates for patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis based on vascular occlusion site.METHODSThis is a retrospective analysis of 225 patients who had received intravenous‐rt‐PA for anterior circulation strokes. The occlusion‐site was prospectively determined on the admission computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and divided into: large vessel occlusion (LVO) including patients with an internal carotid artery terminus or middle cerebral artery (M1/proximal M2) occlusions and no large vessel occlusion (No‐LVO; distal M2/M3/ACA) including patients with either distal or no occlusions. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin score (mRS) at 90‐days with a good outcome defined by mRS of 0‐2.000.RESULTSThere were 114 (50.7%) patients in the LVO and 111 (49.3%) in the No‐LVO group. A good outcome was seen in 28 (24.6%) patients in the LVO and 77 (69.4%) patients in the No‐LVO group (OR .14; 95% CI: .08‐.26; P < .0001). Mortality was observed in 13 (11.7%) patients in the No‐LVO group and 48 (42.1%) patients in the LVO group (OR .18; 95% CI: .09‐.36; P < .0001). Significant hemorrhage was seen in 14 (12.5%) patients in the LVO and 0 (0%) patients in the No‐LVO group (P < .0001). Older age (OR .96; 95% CI: .93‐.98; P = .002) and presence of LVO (OR .29; 95% CI: .12‐.68; P = .004) were significant independent predictors of poor outcome.CONCLUSIONCTA identification of proximal occlusions is associated with significantly poor outcomes in patients receiving intravenous stroke thrombolysis.
Investigating Mental Fitness and School Connectedness in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Murnaghan Donna , Morrison William , Laurence Courtney , Bell Brandi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAs youth struggle with anxiety and depression, promoting positive mental fitness is a primary concern. Canadian school‐based mental health programs that focus on positive psychology and positive mental health initiatives emphasize safe and supportive environments, student engagement, resilience, and self‐determination. This study examined predictors of mental fitness and its 3 components (autonomy, competence, and relatedness).METHODSSchool Health Action Planning and Evaluation System‐Prince Edward Island (SHAPES‐PEI) and the New Brunswick Student Wellness Survey (NB SWS) are data collection and feedback systems that survey youth about 4 health behaviors. Grade 7‐12 students in Prince Edward Island (N = 3318) and New Brunswick (N = 7314) completed a mental fitness questionnaire in 2008‐2009 (PEI) and 2006‐2007 (NB). Four linear regression models were conducted to examine student characteristics associated with mental fitness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness.RESULTSPositive associations were found between school connectedness (p < .0001) and mental fitness, as well as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. There were also significant relationships between affect, pro‐social and antisocial behaviors, tried smoking, and mental fitness.CONCLUSIONA better understanding of adolescent health and its predictors is needed. By identifying core parameters for mental fitness, we can inform how to address students' needs through appropriate programs and policies supporting healthy school environments.
CK2‐dependent inhibitory phosphorylation is relieved by Ppt1 phosphatase for the ethanol stress‐specific activation of Hsf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cho Bo‐Ram , Lee Peter , Hahn Ji‐Sook 
Published: June 2014

SummaryEthanol, the major fermentation product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has long been known as an inducer of heat shock response, but the underlying mechanisms by which ethanol activates heat shock transcription factor (HSF) are not well understood. We demonstrate that CK2‐dependent phosphorylation on S608 is an ethanol stress‐specific repression mechanism of Hsf1, which does not affect the basal or heat‐induced activity of Hsf1. This repression is relieved by dephosphorylation by Ppt1 which directly interacts with Hsf1 via its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. In response to ethanol stress, PPT1 deletion and CK2 overexpression exert synergistic inhibitory effects on Hsf1 activation, whereas Hsf1S608A mutant shows enhanced activation. Therefore, regulation of the Hsf1 S608 phosphorylation status by reciprocal actions of CK2 and Ppt1 might play an important role to determine Hsf1 sensitivity towards ethanol stress.
Buddhism and Family
Authors: Wilson Liz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe received wisdom about Buddhism depicts it as an otherworldly religion that values the solitary monk or nun and devalues family life and the social world in general. Recent scholarship, however, reveals evidence that this picture is seriously flawed. Yes, there are many seminal Buddhist texts that suggest that monastics should destroy familial ties to whatever extent is possible. But there are many other texts, as well as inscriptions and other forms of material culture such as art and architecture, that indicate that in both the past and the present, Buddhist monks and nuns have remained embedded in family life in ways that might surprise us. Moreover, many Buddhist institutions have been modeled on the family and rely on familial loyalties for their strength and endurance. Familial ties have shaped the expression of Buddhism in every Buddhist society, structuring Buddhist institutions and providing a fundamental language and form of practice.
Anabaptist and Mennonite Identity: Permeable Boundaries and Expanding Definitions
Authors: Koop Karl 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article provides an overview of Anabaptist and Mennonite historical and theological scholarship, supporting the claim that the field of study is becoming increasingly multi‐faceted and complex. This is due in part to the increasingly global character of the Anabaptist‐Mennonite tradition that traces its roots to the 16th‐century Radical Reformation. The first Anabaptists emerged in Zurich Switzerland in 1525, but their reforming brand soon spread to the environs of Austria, Moravia, Germany, and the Netherlands. The name ‘Mennonite’ is associated with Menno Simons, (1496–1561), a Dutch reformer who left the Roman Catholic Church to join the Anabaptist movement in 1536. He became an important leader, organizing congregations and providing counsel for reforming groups. In the 1540s, ecclesial and state authorities in the Netherlands began to identify the followers of this Dutch reformer as ‘Menists’ or ‘Mennonists.’ As the centuries past, Menno Simons's name was embraced by various Anabaptist groups in Europe and North America. More recently, the name has also been adopted by Christian communities in the global south. Today, some 1.7 million baptized Mennonites live in over 80 countries. An additional number of people identify themselves as Mennonite in the sense of having an ethnic, rather than religious, connection to the name.
A Log-Linear Modelling Approach to Assessing The Consistency of Ego Reports of Dyadic Outcomes With Applications to Fertility and Sexual Partnerships
Authors: Admiraal Ryan , Handcock Mark S. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe propose a log-linear model to assess the consistency of ego reports of dyadic outcomes. We do so specifically in the context where males and females report on shared events, and we demonstrate how inconsistencies can be assessed by using a log-linear model that estimates separate mixing totals for each set of reports. This modelling approach immediately allows us to determine where inconsistencies in reports occur. To demonstrate how our method can be easily implemented for survey data, we apply it to both the 1992 National Health and Social Life Survey and the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Our analysis identifies inconsistencies in male and female reports of concurrent partnerships and the number of biological children.
Classical Time Varying Factor-Augmented Vector Auto-Regressive Models—Estimation, Forecasting and Structural Analysis
Authors: Eickmeier Sandra , Lemke Wolfgang , Marcellino Massimiliano 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe propose a classical approach to estimate factor-augmented vector auto-regressive (FAVAR) models with time variation in the parameters. When the time varying FAVAR model is estimated by using a large quarterly data set of US variables from 1972 to 2012, the results indicate some changes in the factor dynamics, and more marked variation in the factors' shock volatility and their loading parameters. Forecasts from the time varying FAVAR model are more accurate, in particular over the global financial crisis period, than forecasts from other benchmark models. Finally, we use the time varying FAVAR model to assess how monetary transmission to the economy has changed.
The Flexible Correction Model: Bias Correction Guided by Naïve Theories of Bias
Authors: Chien Yi‐Wen , Wegener Duane T. , Petty Richard E. , Hsiao Chung‐Chiang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPsychological researchers have examined a broad array of biases and shortcomings of social perceivers. Less attention has been paid to how people react when they become concerned about the possibility of bias and attempt to correct or overcome the potential for bias. An early approach was to think of bias correction as “subtracting” information or reactions that are identified as coming from the biasing factor instead of the target. An alternative approach is to conceptualize bias correction as guided by social perceivers' naïve theories or perceptions of the bias at work. The subtraction theories were designed to deal with the assimilative biases typical of early priming experiments, but theory‐based corrections can readily deal with either assimilative or contrastive biases. We describe both types of correction theories, with a focus on the empirical support for theory‐based correction (and especially for the Flexible Correction Model). We also identify future directions for research on theory‐based correction.
Relation between skin micro‐topography, roughness, and skin age
Authors: Trojahn C. , Dobos G. , Schario M. , Ludriksone L. , Blume‐Peytavi U. , Kottner J. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe topography of the skin surface consists of lines, wrinkles, and scales. Primary and secondary lines form a network like structure that may be identified as polygons. Skin surface roughness measurements are widely applied in dermatological research and practice but the relation between roughness parameters and their anatomical equivalents are unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the number of closed polygons (NCP) per measurement field can be used as a reliable parameter to measure skin surface topography. For this purpose, we analysed the relation between skin surface roughness parameters and NCP in different age groups.MethodsImages of the volar forearm skin of 38 subjects (14 children, 12 younger, and 12 older adults) were obtained with the VisioScan VC98. The NCP was counted by three independent researchers and selected roughness parameters were measured. Interrater reliability of counting the number of closed polygons and correlations between NCP, roughness parameters, and age were calculated.ResultsThe mean NCP/mm² in children was 3.1 (SD 1.1), in younger adults 1.0 (SD 0.7), and in older adults 1.0 (SD 0.9). The interrater reliability was 0.9. A negative correlation of NCP/mm² with age was observed, whereas measured roughness parameters were positively associated with age. NCP/mm² was weakly related to skin roughness.ConclusionThe NCP/mm² is a reproducible parameter for characterizing the skin surface topography. It is proposed as an additional parameter in dermatological research and practice because it represents distinct aspects of the cutaneous profile not covered by established roughness parameters.
In vivo evaluation of lateral lipid chain packing in human stratum corneum
Authors: Kikuchi S. , Aosaki T. , Bito K. , Naito S. , Katayama Y. 
Published: June 2014

Background/aimsThe matrix of intercellular lipids (ICL) of stratum corneum (SC) plays an important role in the barrier function of SC. It is important to understand the structure of the ICL matrix for dermatology and cosmetic science. Several methods exist for the analysis of the structure; however, it is difficult to conduct these analyses noninvasively.MethodsWe have developed a method for the analysis of the lateral packing of ICL using Raman spectroscopy. As a proof‐of‐principle experiment, we prepared a human SC sheet sample and analyzed its structure by the proposed method and by a conventional method involving X‐ray diffraction. We compared the results of both methods. In addition, we applied the proposed method to living human skin, and we analyzed the lateral packing of ICL of SC taken from three separate body sites.ResultsThe results of our method corresponded to those of the conventional method. We detected regional differences of ICL lateral packing using our method in vivo. The results indicated that the packing of ICL in SC taken from the forearm and upper arm are more ordered than that taken from the cheek.ConclusionThe results verify that our developed method allows the evaluation of the lateral packing of ICL inside the SC layer of the skin in vivo. Using this method, we can detect regional differences of SC samples taken from various body sites.
Survival of larvivorous fish used for biological control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) combined with different larvicides
Authors: Paiva Clemilson Nogueira , de Oliveira Lima José Wellington , Camelo Sara Suhett , de França Lima Camila , de Góes Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate combinations of larvicides and fish which are predators of larvae of Aedes aegypti, namely Betta splendens, Trichogaster trichopterus and Poecilia reticulata.MethodsWe used 15 water tanks with a capacity of 250 litres of water. In 10 tanks, larvicide – Temephos, Bti and Novaluron – was added, the other five contained only one specimen of fish and unchlorinated water. The fish were monitored for a week without changing the water, and their survival recorded on a form. An estimate of the Kaplan–Meier survival was performed to determine the significance of the tests.ResultsBetta splendens showed the lowest mortality range of larvicides tested.ConclusionCombined use of larvivorous fish and larvicides in large water tanks is feasible.