bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shining a Light on Effective Teaching Best Practices: Survey Findings from Award-Winning Accounting Educators
Authors: Wygal Donald E. , Stout David E. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper provides best practices evidence from a sample of accounting educators in the U.S. recognized formally for their teaching excellence. These teaching exemplars were surveyed and asked to list, in their own words and in ranked order of importance, “a minimum of three and up to five factors or qualities of your teaching that you believe have helped distinguish you as an effective teacher.” We received 453 responses to this question from our sample of 105 award-winning accounting educators. A content analysis of these responses suggests the following major characteristics of teaching effectiveness in accounting (in decreasing order of perceived importance): class session learning environment, student focus, preparation and organization, importance of the practice environment, passion and commitment to teaching (as a profession), and the design of the course learning environment. Response breakdowns suggest the existence of contextual effects: differences in importance ratings for selected characteristics of teaching effectiveness were observed with respect to respondent professorial rank, years of full-time teaching experience, and gender. Results shine a light on teaching effectiveness in accounting education providing, for the first time, both evidence of the perceived relative importance of specific characteristics, as well as insights on pedagogical knowledge to guide educator classroom pursuits.
Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) as a tool in geotechnical investigation of the substrate of a highway
Authors: Maślakowski Maciej , Kowalczyk Sebastian , Mieszkowski Radosław , Józefiak Kazimierz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Geological and geotechnical engineering field tests, like structure drillings and dynamic (DPL, DPSH) or static probing (CPT), are considered for a fundamental source of information about soil and water environments. Since Eurocode 7 has been introduced, it has become more common to use also dilatometers (DMT) or pressure meters (PMT). Results obtained using all the mentioned tests are always of a discrete nature - information is provided in certain points in the field. However, they determine the basis for creating spatial models of geological structure and geotechnical condi- tions of a substratum. The range and number of investigations conducted (including drilling, probing and laboratory tests) influence precision, in which a geological structure is identified and thus, also affect probability of compatibility between spatial model and real geological conditions of a substratum. In the paper, results of non-invasive electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method are presented, comprising 2-dimensional image of a soil medium resistance. Electrical resistance is a parameter that reflects diversification of a soil medium, considering its lithological aspect. In addition, when combined with drilling results, it can be used to accurate determination of boundaries between soil layers. Carrying out of ERT tests in the field during expressway construction contributed to identification of weak, low-strength soils like organic soils (peat, aggradated mud) and of soft consistency cohesive soils. These kinds of soil are the main cause for unacceptable deformations appearing in the new road engineering structure.
In vitro Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Tea Seed Saponins against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Li E , Sun Na , Zhao Jun-Xing , Sun Yao-Gui , Huang Jian-Gang , Lei Hai-Min , Guo Jian-Hua , Hu Yuan-Liang , Wang Wen-Kui , Li Hong-Quan 
Published: January 2015

Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the major swine pathogens. This virus causes immune suppression and other secondary infections, leading to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Tea seed saponins (TS) are a natural extract from tea seeds with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity. In this study, we demonstrated that TS possessed anti-PRRSV activity. Methods MTT assay and trypan blue staining were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antiviral ability of TS in cell culture. Apoptosis was measured to assess the safety of TS on Marc-145 cells. Time-of-addition assay, entry inhibition assay and virucidal assay were used to assess the antiviral action of TS. The effect of TS on host cellular gene expression was analysed by real-time PCR. Absolute quantification RT-PCR and western blot were used to study the inhibitory effect of TS on PRRSV N gene and protein expression. Results Our results showed that 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) of TS were 59.86 ±0.3841 μg/ml and 24.29 ±1.194 mg/ml, respectively. The maximum non-cytotoxic concentration of TS on Marc-145 cells was 30 μg/ml. TS inhibited PRRSV-induced cell apoptosis and effectively inhibited PRRSV replication by reducing the expression of host cellular gene PABP, and significantly inhibited virus N gene/ protein expression. Conclusions TS possessed anti-PRRSV activity in vitro and could serve as a potential antiviral drug for PRRSV prevention and control.
Faire attention à la marche : considérations éthiques sur l'engagement thérapeutique
Authors: Eusden Sue 
Published: January 2015

Cet article revient sur la nature et la nécessité du risque, éléments souvent négligés dans les codes éthiques. Selon l’auteur, certaines mises en acte, parfois jugées contraires à l’éthique, sont en réalité répandues dans les dyades thérapeutiques et peuvent être considérées comme un facteur essentiel du processus thérapeutique. Par ailleurs, l’auteur soutient qu’une pratique éthique implique de « faire attention à la marche » qui sépare l’intention des conséquences, ce qui requiert une attention constante aux interactions co-transférentielles.
On Singular Closures for the 5-Moment System in Kinetic Gas Theory
Authors: Schaerer Roman Pascal , Torrilhon Manuel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMoment equations provide a flexible framework for the approximation of the Boltzmann equation in kinetic gas theory. While moments up to second order are sufficient for the description of equilibrium processes, the inclusion of higher order moments, such as the heat flux vector, extends the validity of the Euler equations to non-equilibrium gas flows in a natural way.Unfortunately, the classical closure theory proposed by Grad leads to moment equations, which suffer not only from a restricted hyperbolicity region but are also affected by non-physical sub-shocks in the continuous shock-structure problem if the shock velocity exceeds a critical value. Amore recently suggested closure theory based on the maximum entropy principle yields symmetric hyperbolic moment equations. However, if moments higher than second order are included, the computational demand of this closure can be overwhelming. Additionally, it was shown for the 5-moment system that the closing flux becomes singular on a subset of moments including the equilibrium state.Motivated by recent promising results of closed-form, singular closures based on the maximum entropy approach, we study regularized singular closures that become singular on a subset of moments when the regularizing terms are removed. In order to study some implications of singular closures, we use a recently proposed explicit closure for the 5-moment equations. We show that this closure theory results in a hyperbolic system that can mitigate the problem of sub-shocks independent of the shock wave velocity and handle strongly non-equilibrium gas flows.
Still Like That Old Time Rock and Roll: Tribute Bands and Historical Consciousness in Popular Music
Authors: Meyers John Paul 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Abstract. This paper integrates ethnographic description of several tribute band performances and a critical reading of popular music discourse in order to explain historical consciousness and examine the role that tribute bands are playing in its development. Tribute bands both construct and partake in this new attitude that treats the events of the popular music past with historical respect and legitimacy. Focusing on rock music as a case study, this paper provides an example of how events from the past can be re-made and re-configured into “history.”
Challenges Posed to Pathologists in the Detection of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Dudley Jonathan , Tseng Li-Hui , Rooper Lisa , Harris Marco , Haley Lisa , Chen Guoli , Gocke Christopher D. , Eshleman James R. , Lin Ming-Tseh 
Published: January 2015

ContextDetection of KRAS mutation is mandatory to predict response to anti–epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancers.ObjectiveTo demonstrate challenges posed to pathologists in the clinical detection of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancers.DesignIn this retrospective analysis for quality assessment of the pyrosequencing assay, we survey the characteristics of 463 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded neoplastic tissues submitted for KRAS mutation detection during a 26-month period.ResultsThe KRAS mutation was detected in 39.2% of tumors. This included 2 tumors with complex pyrograms (GGT&gt;GAG at codon 12 and GGC&gt;GTT at codon 13, as resolved by a Pyromaker software program) and 3 tumors with an indeterminate percentage of mutant alleles (defined as 4% to 5% and confirmed by a next-generation sequencing platform). Among the 25 specimens (5.5%) with fewer than 20% tumor cells, 22 were resected after chemotherapy/radiation. Significant depletion of tumor cells was observed in rectal cancers resected after neoadjuvant therapy (31.0%) versus those without previous treatment (0%) (P = .01). We also explore other specimens with low tumor cellularity and potential causes of discrepancy between the estimated tumor cell percentage and detected mutant allele frequency, such as intratumor heterogeneity of KRAS mutation.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant therapy may deplete tumor cells and confound the molecular diagnosis of KRAS mutations. Accurate detection of specimens with poor tumor cellularity requires the appropriate selection of neoplastic tissues, evaluation of tumor cellularity, use of assays with high sensitivity, and prospective quality assessment.
The Evolved Apprentice
Authors: Sterelny Kim 
Published: January 2015

A new theory of the evolution of human cognition and human social life that emphasizes the role of information sharing across generations.
Over the last three million years or so, our lineage has diverged sharply from those of our great ape relatives. Change has been rapid (in evolutionary terms) and pervasive. Morphology, life history, social life, sexual behavior, and foraging patterns have all shifted sharply away from those of the other great apes. In The Evolved Apprentice, Kim Sterelny argues that the divergence stems from the fact that humans gradually came to enrich the learning environment of the next generation. Humans came to cooperate in sharing information, and to cooperate ecologically and reproductively as well, and these changes initiated positive feedback loops that drove us further from other great apes.
Sterelny develops a new theory of the evolution of human cognition and human social life that emphasizes the gradual evolution of information-sharing practices across generations and how these practices transformed human minds and social lives. Sterelny proposes that humans developed a new form of ecological interaction with their environment, cooperative foraging. The ability to cope with the immense variety of human ancestral environments and social forms, he argues, depended not just on adapted minds but also on adapted developmental environments.
Bradford Books imprint
Agreement and Its Failures
Authors: Preminger Omer 
Published: January 2015

A novel proposal regarding predicate-argument agreement that combines detailed empirical investigation with rigorous theoretical discussion.
In this book, Omer Preminger investigates how the obligatory nature of predicate-argument agreement is enforced by the grammar. Preminger argues that an empirically adequate theory of predicate-argument agreement requires recourse to an operation, whose obligatoriness is a grammatical primitive not reducible to representational properties, but whose successful culmination is not enforced by the grammar.
Preminger's argument counters contemporary approaches that find the obligatoriness of predicate-argument agreement enforced through representational means. The most prominent of these is Chomsky's “interpretability”-based proposal, in which the obligatoriness of predicate-argument agreement is enforced through derivational time bombs. Preminger presents an empirical argument against contemporary approaches that seek to derive the obligatory nature of predicate-argument agreement exclusively from derivational time bombs. He offers instead an alternative account based on the notion of obligatory operations better suited to the facts. The crucial data involves utterances that inescapably involve attempted-but-failed agreement and are nonetheless fully grammatical. Preminger combines a detailed empirical investigation of agreement phenomena in the Kichean (Mayan) languages, Zulu (Bantu), Basque, Icelandic, and French with an extensive and rigorous theoretical exploration of the far-reaching consequences of these data. The result is a novel proposal that has profound implications for the formalism that the theory of grammar uses to derive obligatory processes and properties.
The Politics of Invisibility
Authors: Kuchinskaya Olga 
Published: January 2015

Lessons from the massive Chernobyl nuclear accident about how we deal with modern hazards that are largely imperceptible.
Before Fukushima, the most notorious large-scale nuclear accident the world had seen was Chernobyl in 1986. The fallout from Chernobyl covered vast areas in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Europe. Belarus, at the time a Soviet republic, suffered heavily: nearly a quarter of its territory was covered with long-lasting radionuclides. Yet the damage from the massive fallout was largely imperceptible; contaminated communities looked exactly like noncontaminated ones. It could be known only through constructed representations of it. In The Politics of Invisibility, Olga Kuchinskaya explores how we know what we know about Chernobyl, describing how the consequences of a nuclear accident were made invisible. Her analysis sheds valuable light on how we deal with other modern hazards—toxins or global warming—that are largely imperceptible to the human senses.
Kuchinskaya describes the production of invisibility of Chernobyl's consequences in Belarus—practices that limit public attention to radiation and make its health effects impossible to observe. Just as mitigating radiological contamination requires infrastructural solutions, she argues, the production and propagation of invisibility also involves infrastructural efforts, from redefining the scope and nature of the accident's consequences to reshaping research and protection practices.
Kuchinskaya finds vast fluctuations in recognition, tracing varyingly successful efforts to conceal or reveal Chernobyl's consequences at different levels—among affected populations, scientists, government, media, and international organizations. The production of invisibility, she argues, is a function of power relations.
Unmaking the Bomb
Authors: Feiveson Harold A. , Glaser Alexander , Mian Zia , von Hippel Frank N. 
Published: January 2015

A new approach to nuclear disarmament, nonproliferation, and the prevention of nuclear terrorism that focuses on controlling the production and stockpiling of nuclear materials.
Achieving nuclear disarmament, stopping nuclear proliferation, and preventing nuclear terrorism are among the most critical challenges facing the world today. Unmaking the Bomb proposes a new approach to reaching these long-held goals. Rather than considering them as separate issues, the authors—physicists and experts on nuclear security—argue that all three of these goals can be understood and realized together if we focus on the production, stockpiling, and disposal of plutonium and highly enriched uranium—the fissile materials that are the key ingredients used to make nuclear weapons.
The authors describe the history, production, national stockpiles, and current military and civilian uses of plutonium and highly enriched uranium, and propose policies aimed at reducing and eventually eliminating these fissile materials worldwide. These include an end to the production of highly enriched uranium and plutonium for weapons, an end to their use as reactor fuels, and the verified elimination of all national stockpiles.
Empirical Model Discovery and Theory Evaluation
Authors: Hendry David F. , Doornik Jurgen A. 
Published: January 2015

A synthesis of the authors' groundbreaking econometric research on automatic model selection, which uses powerful computational algorithms and theory evaluation.
Economic models of empirical phenomena are developed for a variety of reasons, the most obvious of which is the numerical characterization of available evidence, in a suitably parsimonious form. Another is to test a theory, or evaluate it against the evidence; still another is to forecast future outcomes. Building such models involves a multitude of decisions, and the large number of features that need to be taken into account can overwhelm the researcher. Automatic model selection, which draws on recent advances in computation and search algorithms, can create, and then empirically investigate, a vastly wider range of possibilities than even the greatest expert. In this book, leading econometricians David Hendry and Jurgen Doornik report on their several decades of innovative research on automatic model selection.
After introducing the principles of empirical model discovery and the role of model selection, Hendry and Doornik outline the stages of developing a viable model of a complicated evolving process. They discuss the discovery stages in detail, considering both the theory of model selection and the performance of several algorithms. They describe extensions to tackling outliers and multiple breaks, leading to the general case of more candidate variables than observations. Finally, they briefly consider selecting models specifically for forecasting.
Spleen Size in Cirrhosis of Different Etiologies
Authors: Kashani Amir , Salehi Banafsheh , Anghesom Deborah , Kawayeh Anas M. , Rouse Glenn A. , Runyon Bruce A. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of cirrhosis etiology on spleen size as measured by sonography and computed tomography (CT).MethodsThe spleen images of 139 patients with cirrhosis secondary to alcohol abuse, hepatitis C, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were reviewed retrospectively. The maximum diagonal spleen length on a single sonogram and maximum spleen diameter on axial, coronal, or sagittal CT, whichever was largest, was compared among the etiologic groups.ResultsIn 127 patients who underwent sonography, the mean spleen size ± SD on sonography in the alcohol group (13.1 ± 2.5 cm) was significantly smaller than in the hepatitis C (15.0 ± 3.4 cm) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (15.2 ± 3.0 cm) groups (95% confidence intervals of the mean difference, 0.6 to 3.3 and 0.8 to 3.4 cm, respectively). In 87 patients who underwent CT, the mean spleen size on CT in the alcohol group (14.0 ± 2.7 cm) was smaller than in the hepatitis C (15.9 ± 3.4 cm) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (15.5 ± 3.6 cm) groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The spleen sizes on both sonography and CT in 79 patients were strongly correlated (r = 0.88; P < .0001).ConclusionsSpleen size in patients with cirrhosis varies by the etiology of the disease. Therefore, to apply spleen size as a diagnostic or prognostic criterion in this context, it is important to recognize that cutoff values derived from spleen size in one etiologic group may not produce the same results when extrapolated to another etiologic group.
Quantitative Analysis of Right Ventricular (RV) Function With Echocardiography in Chronic Heart Failure With No or Mild RV Dysfunction
Authors: Vizzardi Enrico , Bonadei Ivano , Sciatti Edoardo , Pezzali Natalia , Farina Davide , D'Aloia Antonio , Metra Marco 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesRight ventricular (RV) performance parameters (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, systolic longitudinal velocity on tissue Doppler imaging, fractional area change, and tissue and 2‐dimensional [2D] strain on the right free wall) have been validated. In comparative studies, they have been correlated with the prognosis of patients with heart failure on radionuclide ventriculography and thermodilution in right heart catheterization. This study aimed to evaluate RV systolic function in patients with heart failure with no or mild RV dysfunction and correlate the above‐mentioned echocardiographic parameters with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐calculated RV ejection fraction (RVEF), stroke volume, end‐diastolic volume, and end‐systolic volume.MethodsStandard and pulsed Doppler tissue echocardiography and MRI were performed in 31 patients with New York Heart Association functional class II and III chronic heart failure.ResultsA high correlation between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, systolic longitudinal velocity, tissue strain, and 2D strain was noted, whereas the fractional area change did not correlate with any other parameter. The RVEF correlated with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, systolic longitudinal velocity, and tissue and 2D strain (all P< .01); under linear regression analysis, the 4 parameters independently correlated with RVEF.ConclusionsEchocardiographic RV performance parameters (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, systolic longitudinal velocity, tissue strain, and 2D strain) correlated with the MRI‐calculated RVEF and overall predicted it. In particular, RV 2D strain and tissue strain were good markers for RV longitudinal motions. These echocardiographic parameters are easily obtained and may give important information about RV function for evaluation and prognostic stratification of patients with heart failure.
Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Telomere Rearrangements
Authors: Martin Christa Lese , Ledbetter David H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGenomic imbalances involving the telomeric regions of human chromosomes, which contain the highest gene concentration in the genome, are proposed to have severe phenotypic consequences. For this reason, it is important to identify telomere rearrangements and assess their contribution to human pathology. This unit describes the structure and function of human telomeres and outlines several methodologies that can be employed to study these unique regions of human chromosomes. It is a revision of the original version of the unit published in 2000, now including an introductory section describing advances in the discipline that have taken place since the original publication. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.