bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles at the Surface of Carbon Nanomaterials Promoted by Microwave Heating
Authors: Zhang Rui , Santangelo Saveria , Fazio Enza , Neri Fortunato , D'Arienzo Massimiliano , Morazzoni Franca , Zhang Yihe , Pinna Nicola , Russo Patrícia A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTiO2 is frequently combined with carbon materials, such as reduced graphene oxide (RGO), to produce composites with improved properties, for example for photocatalytic applications. It is shown that heating conditions significantly affect the interface and photocatalytic properties of TiO2@C, and that microwave irradiation can be advantageous for the synthesis of carbon‐based materials. Composites of TiO2 with RGO or amorphous carbon were prepared from reaction of titanium isopropoxide with benzyl alcohol. During the synthesis of the TiO2 nanoparticles, the carbon is involved in reactions that lead to the covalent attachment of the oxide, the extent of which depends on the carbon characteristics, heating rate, and mechanism. TiO2 is more efficiently stabilized at the surface of RGO than amorphous carbon. Rapid heating of the reaction mixture results in a stronger coupling between the nanoparticles and carbon, more uniform coatings, and smaller particles with narrower size distributions. The more efficient attachment of the oxide leads to better photocatalytic performance.
Phenol‐Substituted Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines: pH‐Dependent Fluorescence in Basic Media
Authors: Novakova Veronika , Lásková Miroslava , Vavřičková Hana , Zimcik Petr 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTetrapyrazinoporphyrazines (TPyzPzs) bearing one, two, four or eight 3,5‐di(tert‐butyl)‐4‐hydroxyphenol moieties were synthesized as zinc(II) complexes and metal‐free derivatives. The deprotonation of the phenol using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide induced the formation of a strong donor for intramolecular charge transfer that switched OFF the red fluorescence (λF∼660 nm) of the parent zinc TPyzPzs. The changes were fully reversible for TPyzPzs with one to four phenolic moieties, and an irreversible modification was observed for TPyzPzs substituted with eight phenols. The sensors were anchored to lipophilic particles in water, and a pKa approximately 12.5–12.7 was determined for the phenolic hydroxyl based on fluorescence changes in different buffers. In addition, a novel concept for fluorescence OFF‐ON‐OFF switching in metal‐free TPyzPzs bearing phenolic moieties upon addition of specific amounts of base was demonstrated.
Einfluss der Partikelgröße und Partikelform auf das Fließverhalten von kommerziellen Magermilchpulvern
Authors: Schulnies Frank , Tilgner Lars , Kleinschmidt Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAufgrund der zahlreichen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Lebensmittelproduktion nimmt Magermilchpulver unter den Trockenmilcherzeugnissen in Deutschland die größte wirtschaftliche Bedeutung ein. Für die problemlose Handhabung der Produkte ist ein adäquates Fließverhalten erforderlich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde daher das Fließverhalten kommerzieller Magermilchpulver mithilfe von Scherversuchen charakterisiert, um die Handhabung besser einschätzen zu können. Durch die ergänzende Bestimmung der Partikelgrößen‐ und Formverteilungen wurden Zusammenhänge zum Fließverhalten herausgearbeitet.
Long‐term follow‐up of a phase 2 study of chemotherapy plus dasatinib for the initial treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ravandi Farhad , O'Brien Susan M. , Cortes Jorge E. , Thomas Deborah M. , Garris Rebecca , Faderl Stefan , Burger Jan A. , Rytting Michael E. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Wierda William G. , Verstovsek Srdan , Champlin Richard , Kebriaei Partow , McCue Deborah A. , Huang Xuelin , Jabbour Elias , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Estrov Zeev , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDThe long‐term efficacy of a combination of chemotherapy and dasatinib in patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is not well established.METHODSPatients received dasatinib with 8 cycles of alternating hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone and high‐dose cytarabine and methotrexate. Patients in complete remission (CR) continued maintenance dasatinib, vincristine, and prednisone for 2 years, which was followed by dasatinib indefinitely. Patients eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) received it during their first CR.RESULTSSeventy‐two patients with a median age of 55 years (range, 21‐80 years) were treated; 69 (96%) achieved CR. Among them, 57 (83%) achieved cytogenetic CR after 1 cycle, and 64 (93%) achieved a major molecular response at a median of 4 weeks (range, 2‐38 weeks). Sixty‐five patients (94%) were negative for minimal residual disease assessed by flow cytometry at a median of 3 weeks (range, 2‐37 weeks). Dasatinib‐related grade 3 and 4 adverse events included bleeding, pleural/pericardial effusions, and elevated transaminases. With a median follow‐up of 67 months (range, 33‐97 months), 33 patients (46%) were alive, and 30 (43%) were in CR; 12 underwent allogeneic SCT. Thirty‐nine patients died (3 at induction, 19 after relapse, 7 after SCT performed during first CR, and 10 during CR). The median disease‐free survival and overall survival were 31 (range, 0.3‐97 months) and 47 months (range, 0.2‐97 months), respectively. Seven relapsed patients had BCR‐ABL kinase domain mutations, including 4 with T315I.CONCLUSIONSA combination of chemotherapy with dasatinib is effective in achieving long‐term remission for patients with newly diagnosed Ph + ALL. Cancer 2015;121:4158–4164. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
MicroRNA Regulation of Airway Inflammation and Airway Smooth Muscle Function: Relevance to Asthma
Authors: Deshpande DA , Dileepan M , Walseth TF , Subramanian S , Kannan MS 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and severity of asthma. Molecular pathogenesis of asthma involves changes in gene expression by a variety of inflammatory mediators acting in autocrine and paracrine fashion on effector cells of the airways. Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in resident airway cells has been studied extensively. However, protein function in a target cell can be regulated at multiple levels starting from transcription followed by post‐transcription, translation, and post‐translation steps. In this context, small noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have evolved as one of the key regulators of gene expression post‐transcriptionally. Most importantly, miRNA expression is dynamic in nature and can be regulated by a variety of external stimuli. Altered expression of individual or a group of miRNAs is thought to contribute to human diseases. Recent studies have implicated differential expression of miRNAs in the lungs during inflammation. Most importantly, advanced biochemical and molecular tools could be used to manipulate miRNA expression thereby effecting functional changes in target cells and organ systems. This review summarizes the current understanding of miRNA in the regulation of airway function in health and disease, and highlights the potential clinical utility of mRNAs as biomarkers of airway diseases and as potential therapeutic targets. Drug Dev Res 76 : 286–295, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Foods, macronutrients and fibre in the diet of blue sheep (Psuedois nayaur) in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal
Authors: Aryal Achyut , Coogan Sean C. P. , Ji Weihong , Rothman Jessica M. , Raubenheimer David 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFood resources are often critical regulating factors affecting individual fitness and population densities. In the Himalayan Mountains, Bharal “blue sheep” (Pseudois nayaur) are the main food resource for the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia), as well as being preyed upon by other predators. Blue sheep, however, may face a number of challenges including food resource competition with other wild and domestic ungulates, and hunting pressure. Here, we characterized the diet of blue sheep in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) of Nepal and conducted proximate nutritional analysis on a limited number of plants identified as foods. Furthermore, we investigated the macronutrient and fiber balance of these plants using nutritional geometry which is a state‐space approach to modeling multidimensional and interactive nutritional aspects of foraging. A total of 19 plant species/genera were identified in blue sheep pellets using microhistological analysis. On average, across seasons and regions of the study area, the two most frequently occurring plants in pellets were graminoids: Kobressia sp. and Carex spp. The macronutrient balance of Kobresia sp. was relatively high in carbohydrate and low in protein, while other plants in the diet were generally higher in protein and lipid content. Analysis of fiber balance showed that the two most consumed plants of blue sheep (i.e., Kobresia spp. and Carex spp.) contained the highest concentration of hemicellulose, which is likely digestible by blue sheep. The hemicellulose and lignin balance of plants ranged relatively widely, yet their cellulose contents showed less variation. Foraging by blue sheep may therefore be a balance between consuming highly digestible high‐carbohydrate plants and plants less‐digestible but higher in protein and/or lipid.
Monitoring the Hemolytic Effect of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles after Human Blood Protein Corona Formation
Authors: Martinez Diego Stéfani T. , Paula Amauri J. , Fonseca Leandro C. , Luna Luis Augusto V. , Silveira Camila P. , Durán Nelson , Alves Oswaldo L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe interaction of promising nanoparticles with red blood cells (RBCs) is a critical point to be addressed in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology, and the hemolytic assay is a classical and common test used to evaluate such interactions and the consequent nanoparticle toxicity. In addition, the protein corona is an emergent concept in bionanoscience associated with the manifestation of energetically driven protein–nanoparticle interactions, with a great impact on the nanomaterial toxicity assessment. In the convergence of these two concepts, we evaluated the influence of the formation of the protein corona during the hemolysis induced by spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles with silanol groups on the external surface (MSN‐SiOH), which present a confirmed toxicity on RBCs when they are dispersed as a colloid in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS). It was observed that human blood proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA), human plasma (HP), hemoglobin (Hb), and RBC lysate, termed hemolysate (HL), can suppress the hemolytic effect induced by MSN‐SiOH in a dose‐dependent manner. The EC50 values of hemolysis suppression were 24, 8.0, 19, and 28 μg mL–1 for HSA, HP, Hb, and HL, respectively. This work thus shows that the results of the hemolytic assay that defines the toxicity and bioreactivity of silica nanoparticles (and others) must be interpreted as a function of the formation of the protein corona.
Automated Serendipity with Self‐Optimizing Continuous‐Flow Reactors
Authors: Amara Zacharias , Streng Emilia S. , Skilton Ryan A. , Jin Jing , George Michael W. , Poliakoff Martyn 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA self‐optimizing approach is used as a tool for targeting known and unknown materials in the continuous reaction of aniline, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) in supercritical CO2 on γ‐Al2O3. The study led to the formation of methylated anilines or carbamate derivatives and unusual addition products with THF including pyrrolidines and N‐alkylated anilines. The identification of these products leads to the development of a plausible mechanism for the reactions. The system not only demonstrates a high flexibility that the self‐optimization approach provides, including the ability to optimize for a variety of products by using a single catalyst, but also the ability to discover unexpected and original synthetic reactions.
Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles/Reduced Graphene Oxide as Novel Electrochemical Platform for Immobilization of FAD and its Application as Highly Sensitive Persulfate Sensor
Authors: Mansouri Majd Samira , Salimi Abdollah , Astinchap Bandar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, manganese oxide nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide(MnOxNPs/rGO) was used as support for strong immobilization of flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD). A thin film of rGO cast on the electrode surface, followed by performing electrodeposition of MnOxNPs at applied constant potential of +1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 200 s. Finally, FAD was electrodeposited onto the rGO/MnOxNPs film by potential cycling between 1.0 to −1.0 V in solution containing 1 mg ml−1 FAD. Electrochemical properties and catalytic activity of GCE/rGO‐MnOxNPs/FAD toward persulfate (S2O82−) reduction was investigated. Under optimized condition, the concentration calibration range, detection limit, and sensitivity were 0.1 μM–2 mM, 90 nM and 125.8 nA/μM, respectively, using hydrodynamic amperometry technique.
A new numerical model for simulations of wave transformation, breaking and long‐shore currents in complex coastal regions
Authors: Gallerano F. , Cannata G. , Lasaponara F. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a model based on a new contravariant integral form of the fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations in order to simulate wave transformation phenomena, wave breaking, and nearshore currents in computational domains representing the complex morphology of real coastal regions. The aforementioned contravariant integral form, in which Christoffel symbols are absent, is characterized by the fact that the continuity equation does not include any dispersive term. A procedure developed in order to correct errors related to the difficulties of numerically satisfying the metric identities in the numerical integration of fully nonlinear Boussinesq equation on generalized boundary‐conforming grids is presented. The Boussinesq equation system is numerically solved by a hybrid finite volume–finite difference scheme. The proposed high‐order upwind weighted essentially non‐oscillatory finite volume scheme involves an exact Riemann solver and is based on a genuinely two‐dimensional reconstruction procedure, which uses a convex combination of biquadratic polynomials. The wave breaking is represented by discontinuities of the weak solution of the integral form of the nonlinear shallow water equations.The capacity of the proposed model to correctly represent wave propagation, wave breaking, and wave‐induced currents is verified against test cases present in the literature. The results obtained are compared with experimental measures, analytical solutions, or alternative numerical solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roe‐type Riemann solver for gas–liquid flows using drift‐flux model with an approximate form of the Jacobian matrix
Authors: da Silva Santim Christiano Garcia , Rosa Eugênio Spanó 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis work presents an approximate Riemann solver to the transient isothermal drift‐flux model. The set of equations constitutes a non‐linear hyperbolic system of conservation laws in one space dimension. The elements of the Jacobian matrix A are expressed through exact analytical expressions. It is also proposed a simplified form of A considering the square of the gas to liquid sound velocity ratio much lower than one. This approximation aims to express the eigenvalues through simpler algebraic expressions. A numerical method based on the Gudunov's fluxes is proposed employing an upwind and a high order scheme. The Roe linearization is applied to the simplified form of A. The proposed solver is validated against three benchmark solutions and two experimental pipe flow data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient production of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid from cane molasses by Bacillus subtilisNX‐2 immobilized on chemically modified sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Feng Xiaohai , Tang Bao , Jiang Yongxiang , Xu Zongqi , Lei Peng , Liang Jinfeng , Xu Hong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoly‐γ‐glutamic acid (PGA), a naturally occurring homopolymer, has gained increased interest worldwide because of its extensive applications. In this study, sugarcane bagasse chemically modified with poly‐ϵ‐L‐lysine (PL) was used in an aerobic plant fibrous‐bed bioreactor (APFB) to enhance PGA fermentation by Bacillus subtilis NX‐2.RESULTS5 g L−1 of PL was optimized to modify native sugarcane bagasse, and 45.7 ± 0.6 g L−1 PGA was obtained with PL‐bagasse immobilized cells in batch fermentation, with a productivity of 1.08 ± 0.02 g L−1 h−1. These results were 1.23 and 1.4 times higher than those with unmodified sugarcane bagasse. The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on PGA fermentation was further investigated, and suitable conditions were 45% DO with the PGA concentration 55.4 ± 0.4 g L−1. In 10 batches of repeated‐batch fermentation, PGA production significantly increased and the average PGA yield was maintained at 90.6 ± 0.5 g L−1 in the three later batches and was increased by 8.7% compared with that in the first batch.CONCLUSIONThe improved APFB system was proved to be a green, economic, and effective bioprocess for PGA fermentation, and this system could also provide a suitable microenvironment for B. subtilis NX‐2 to induce its evolution. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanical properties and structure–function relationships in articular cartilage repaired using IGF‐I gene‐enhanced chondrocytes
Authors: Griffin Darvin J. , Ortved Kyla F. , Nixon Alan J. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have demonstrated the benefits of IGF‐I gene therapy in enhancing the histologic and biochemical content of cartilage repaired by chondrocyte transplantation. However, there is little to no data on the mechanical performance of IGF‐I augmented cartilage grafts. This study evaluated the compressive properties of full‐thickness chondral defects in the equine femur repaired with and without IGF‐I gene therapy. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three study cohorts based on chondrocyte treatment provided in each defect: (i) IGF‐I gene delivered by recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV)‐5; (ii) AAV‐5 delivering GFP as a reporter; (iii) naïve cells without virus. In each case, the opposite limb was implanted with a fibrin carrier without cells. Samples were prepared for confined compression testing to measure the aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability. All treatment groups, regardless of cell content or transduction, had mechanical properties inferior to native cartilage. Overexpression of IGF‐I increased modulus and lowered permeability relative to other treatments. Investigation of structure–property relationships revealed that Ha and k were linearly correlated with GAG content but logarithmically correlated with collagen content. This provides evidence that IGF‐I gene therapy can improve healing of articular cartilage and can greatly increase the mechanical properties of repaired grafts. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:149–153, 2016.
Feldspar composition as an efficient tool for tephra identification: a case study from Holocene and Lateglacial lacustrine sequences (Jura, France)
Authors: JOUANNIC GWÉNOLÉ , WALTER‐SIMONNET ANNE‐VÉRONIQUE , BOSSUET GILLES , BEGEOT CAROLE , DEVELLE ANNE‐LISE 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFour volcanic ash layers have been identified in Lateglacial and Holocene sediments from three lakes in the Jura Mountains: the Vasset Tephra and the Nugère Tephra (Chaîne des Puys), the Vedde Ash (Icelandic), and the Laacher See Tephra (LST; Eifel). Some of these are invisible to the naked eye and have been detected by magnetic susceptibility measurements and X‐ray fluorescence analysis. These layers are composed of rare glass shards in association with feldspars and pyroxenes. In lacustrine carbonated sediment formations where glass shards are scarce and altered, the geochemical analysis of feldspar composition appears to be an effective substitute tool for characterization of the tephra. The identification of the Middle LST‐C phase in our sites modifies the currently known spatial distribution of the LST (Eifel, Germany). The identification of two tephras from the Chaîne des Puys volcanic sources in Jurassian sites, the trachytic Vasset Tephra and the trachy‐andesitic Nugère Tephra, provides new time markers for the early Holocene and late Allerød, respectively, thereby enhancing our knowledge of their distribution throughout Western Europe. More generally, these results confirm the major scientific value of lacustrine sequences from the Jura region for cryptotephra research, especially within Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental studies.
A Lateglacial 10Be production rate from glacial lake shorelines in Scotland
Authors: SMALL DAVID , FABEL DEREK 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe identification of tephra within varved deposits of a former ice‐dammed lake that existed in Scotland during the Younger Dryas provides an opportunity to calibrate 10Be production rates using previously published 10Be concentrations from the lake shoreline and independently derived ages for the tephras derived from the Greenland Ice Core records. The best‐estimate ages of the tephras yield indistinguishable 10Be production rate values for spallation with an average value of 4.26 ± 0.21 atoms g−1 a−1 using the ‘Lm’ scaling scheme. These values are in best agreement with the most proximal reference 10Be production rate from Norway.
Model Calculations and Experimental Studies as a Route Toward Simplification of the Kinetic Mechanism of the H2O2–NaSCN–NaOH–CuSO4 Homogeneous Oscillator
Authors: Wiśniewski Albin , Jędrusiak Mikołaj , Mojzych Ilona , Orlik Marek 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTOscillatory chemical reactions are usually characterized by complicated kinetic mechanisms in which the source of instability is combined with the parallel dissipative process. One of such systems is the H2O2–NaSCN–NaOH–CuSO4 homogeneous oscillator, in which dynamic instabilities are associated with the irreversible oxidation of thiocyanate ions with hydrogen peroxide. Following our previous studies on this system, we now propose further intuitive and substantial simplification of its kinetic mechanism toward the scheme involving only five intermediates. Its compatibility with our previous, nine‐variable model is verified in terms of model calculations, compared with experimental potentiometric and spectrophotometric data. In particular, supercritical nature of a Hopf bifurcation as a route toward oscillations born out of a single steady state upon increasing catalyst (copper species) concentration was observed in the model and an analogous type of bifurcation is suggested by available experimental data. Our work is a step toward final reduction of the mechanism of the studied system to the “minimum oscillator,” the concept used earlier, e.g., for the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, of however remarkably different kinetic mechanism.