bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Aurora kinase inhibitor PHA-739358 (Danusertib)
Authors: Fei Fei , Lim Min , Schmidhuber Sabine , Moll Jürgen , Groffen John , Heisterkamp Nora 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias (Ph-positive ALL) with clinically approved inhibitors of the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase frequently results in the emergence of a leukemic clone carrying the T315I mutation in Bcr/Abl, which confers resistance to these drugs. PHA-739358, an Aurora kinase inhibitor, was reported to inhibit the Bcr/Abl T315I mutant in CML cells but no preclinical studies have examined this in detail in human ALL.

Results
We compared the sensitivity of human Bcr/Abl T315I, Bcr/Abl wild type and non-Bcr/Abl ALL cells to this drug. PHA-739358 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis independently of Bcr/Abl, the T315I mutation, or presence of the tumor suppressor p53, but the degree of effectiveness varied between different ALL samples. Since short-term treatment with a single dose of drug only transiently inhibited proliferation, we tested combination treatments of PHA-739358 with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor Lonafarnib, with vincristine and with dasatinib. All combinations reduced viability and cell numbers compared to treatment with a single drug. Clonogenic assays showed that 25 nM PHA-739358 significantly reduced the colony growth potential of Ph-positive ALL cells, and combined treatment with a second drug abrogated colony growth in this assay. PHA-739358 further effectively blocked Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase activity and Aurora kinase B in vivo, and mice transplanted with human Bcr/Abl T315I ALL cells treated with a 3x 7-day cycle of PHA-739358 as mono-treatment had significantly longer survival.

Conclusions
PHA-739358 represents an alternative drug for the treatment of both Ph-positive and negative ALL, although combined treatment with a second drug may be needed to eradicate the leukemic cells.
A new transform method in nabla discrete fractional calculus
Authors: Jarad Fahd , Kaymakçalan Billur , Taş Kenan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Starting from the definition of the Sumudu transform on a general nabla time scale, we define the generalized nabla discrete Sumudu transform. We obtain the nabla discrete Sumudu transform of Taylor monomials, fractional sums, and differences. We apply this transform to solve some fractional difference equations with initial value problems.

MSC:44A15, 44A55.
Application of acidic treated pumice as an adsorbent for the removal of azo dye from aqueous solutions: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Samarghandi Mohammad Reza , Zarrabi Mansur , sepehr Mohammad Noori , Amrane Abdeltif , Safari Gholam Hossein , Bashiri Saied 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Colored effluents are one of the important environment pollution sources since they contain unused dye compounds which are toxic and less-biodegradable. In this work removal of Acid Red 14 and Acid Red 18 azo dyes was investigated by acidic treated pumice stone as an efficient adsorbent at various experimental conditions. Removal of dye increased with increase in contact time and initial dye concentration, while decreased for increment in solution temperature and pH. Results of the equilibrium study showed that the removal of AR14 and AR18 followed Freundlich (r2>0.99) and Langmuir (r2>0.99) isotherm models. Maximum sorption capacities were 3.1 and 29.7 mg/g for AR 14 and AR18, namely significantly higher than those reported in the literature, even for activated carbon. Fitting of experimental data onto kinetic models showed the relevance of the pseudo-second order (r2>0.99) and intra-particle diffusion (r2>0.98) models for AR14 and AR18, respectively. For both dyes, the values of external mass transfer coefficient decreased for increasing initial dye concentrations, showing increasing external mass transfer resistance at solid/liquid layer. Desorption experiments confirmed the relevance of pumice stone for dye removal, since the pH regeneration method showed 86% and 89% regeneration for AR14 and AR18, respectively.
Zebrafish Mnx proteins specify one motoneuron subtype and suppress acquisition of interneuron characteristics
Authors: Seredick Steve D , Van Ryswyk Liesl , Hutchinson Sarah A , Eisen Judith S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Precise matching between motoneuron subtypes and the muscles they innervate is a prerequisite for normal behavior. Motoneuron subtype identity is specified by the combination of transcription factors expressed by the cell during its differentiation. Here we investigate the roles of Mnx family transcription factors in specifying the subtypes of individually identified zebrafish primary motoneurons.

Results
Zebrafish has three Mnx family members. We show that each of them has a distinct and temporally dynamic expression pattern in each primary motoneuron subtype. We also show that two Mnx family members are expressed in identified VeLD interneurons derived from the same progenitor domain that generates primary motoneurons. Surprisingly, we found that Mnx proteins appear unnecessary for differentiation of VeLD interneurons or the CaP motoneuron subtype. Mnx proteins are, however, required for differentiation of the MiP motoneuron subtype. We previously showed that MiPs require two temporally-distinct phases of Islet1 expression for normal development. Here we show that in the absence of Mnx proteins, the later phase of Islet1 expression is initiated but not sustained, and MiPs become hybrids that co-express morphological and molecular features of motoneurons and V2a interneurons. Unexpectedly, these hybrid MiPs often extend CaP-like axons, and some MiPs appear to be entirely transformed to a CaP morphology.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that Mnx proteins promote MiP subtype identity by suppressing both interneuron development and CaP axon pathfinding. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of transcription factors that act to distinguish CaP and MiP subtype identities. Our results also suggest that MiP motoneurons are more similar to V2 interneurons than are CaP motoneurons.
An antimicrobial stewardship program improves antimicrobial treatment by culture site and the quality of antimicrobial prescribing in critically ill patients
Authors: Katsios Christina M , Burry Lisa , Nelson Sandra , Jivraj Tanaz , Lapinsky Stephen E , Wax Randy S , Christian Michael , Mehta Sangeeta , Bell Chaim M , Morris Andrew M 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Increasing antimicrobial costs, reduced development of novel antimicrobials, and growing antimicrobial resistance necessitate judicious use of available agents. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) may improve antimicrobial use in intensive care units (ICUs). Our objective was to determine whether the introduction of an ASP in an ICU altered the decision to treat cultures from sterile sites compared with nonsterile sites (which may represent colonization or contamination). We also sought to determine whether ASP education improved documentation of antimicrobial use, including an explicit statement of antimicrobial regimen, indication, duration, and de-escalation.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with positive bacterial cultures admitted to a 16-bed medical-surgical ICU over 2-month periods before and after ASP introduction (April through May 2008 and 2009, respectively). We evaluated the antimicrobial treatment of positive sterile- versus nonsterile-site cultures, specified a priori. We reviewed patient charts for clinician documentation of three specific details regarding antimicrobials: an explicit statement of antimicrobial regimen/indication, duration, and de-escalation. We also analyzed cost and defined daily doses (DDDs) (a World Health Organization (WHO) standardized metric of use) before and after ASP.

Results
Patient demographic data between the pre-ASP (n = 139) and post-ASP (n = 130) periods were similar. No difference was found in the percentage of positive cultures from sterile sites between the pre-ASP period and post-ASP period (44.9% versus 40.2%; P = 0.401). A significant increase was noted in the treatment of sterile-site cultures after ASP (64% versus 83%; P = 0.01) and a reduction in the treatment of nonsterile-site cultures (71% versus 46%; P = 0.0002). These differences were statistically significant when treatment decisions were analyzed both at an individual patient level and at an individual culture level. Increased explicit antimicrobial regimen documentation was observed after ASP (26% versus 71%; P < 0.0001). Also observed were increases in formally documented stop dates (53% versus 71%; P < 0.0001), regimen de-escalation (15% versus 23%; P = 0.026), and an overall reduction in cost and mean DDDs after ASP implementation.

Conclusions
Introduction of an ASP in the ICU was associated with improved microbiologically targeted therapy based on sterile or nonsterile cultures and improved documentation of antimicrobial use in the medical record.
Prolonged Zona Glomerulosa Insufficiency Causing Hyperkalemia in Primary Aldosteronism after Adrenalectomy
Authors: Fischer Evelyn , Hanslik Gregor , Pallauf Anna , Degenhart Christoph , Linsenmaier Ulrich , Beuschlein Felix , Bidlingmaier Martin , Mussack Thomas , Ladurner Roland , Hallfeldt Klaus , Quinkler Marcus , Reincke Martin 
Published: November 2012

Context:Unilateral adrenalectomy is the therapy of choice in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Zona glomerulosa (ZG) insufficiency causing hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy has been described in case reports.Objective:Our aim was to analyze the clinical relevance of ZG insufficiency causing hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy in a large series of patients with APA.Design:This was a retrospective chart review.Setting:The study was conducted at two tertiary university referral centers in Germany.Patients:Data from 110 patients with confirmed APA adrenalectomized at the centers in Munich and Berlin between 2004 and 2012 were analyzed.Main Outcome Measures:The primary outcome was the incidence of ZG insufficiency causing hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy; the secondary outcome was the identification of risk factors predisposing for hyperkalemia.Results:Eighteen of 110 patients (16%) developed postoperative hyperkalemia. The majority of these patients (n = 14) had undetectable plasma aldosterone levels after adrenalectomy; four had low aldosterone levels. In 12 of these patients, hyperkalemia was documented only once and resumed spontaneously. Prolonged hypoaldosteronism accompanied by hyperkalemia was observed in six patients (5% of total cohort). These patients needed continuous mineralocorticoid replacement therapy for 11–46 months. Mineralocorticoid antagonist treatment for 4 wk prior to surgery did not prevent hyperkalemia. In multivariate analysis, preoperatively decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased serum creatinine as well as increased postoperative creatinine and microalbuminuria remained significant predictors of hyperkalemia.Conclusion:Persistent postoperative hypoaldosteronism with hyperkalemia occurs in 5% of adrenalectomized PA patients through prolonged ZG insufficiency, requiring long-term fludrocortisone treatment. Potassium levels after adrenalectomy must be monitored to avoid life-threatening hyperkalemia.
Adjoint pluricanonical systems on varieties of general type
Authors: Di Biagio Lorenzo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We study non-vanishing and birationality of big pluricanonical adjoint linear systems on a variety of general type X. In particular given L big and with sufficiently large volume, if X is a surface we prove that h0(2KX + L) 6= 0 and that j3KX + 2Lj gives a birational map; if X is a threefold we prove that h0(6KX + 5L) 6= 0 and that j8KX + 7Lj gives a birational map. We find analogous explicit results also for fourfolds of general type.
Duality of patterning: Absolute universal or statistical tendency?
Authors: Blevins Juliette 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAs more of the world's languages are described and compared, more absolute universals have joined the class of statistical tendencies. However, few have questioned the universality of the duality of patterning. Following Hockett, most linguists assume that in all human languages, discrete meaningless parts combine to form meaningful units that, themselves, recombine. However, an alternative interpretation, explored in this article, is that duality, like other proposed linguistic universals, is a statistical tendency reflecting a complex set of factors, and most centrally, the need for some minimal number of basic units that can recombine to yield a potentially infinite set of form-meaning correspondences. If this is the essence of duality, then we expect: languages where duality is not a central component of grammar; languages where most, but not all, utterances are decomposable into meaningless phonological units; and different types of phonological building blocks in different languages. These expectations appear to be confirmed by natural language data.
-definability at uncountable regular cardinals
Authors: Lücke Philipp 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLet κ be an infinite cardinal. A subset of (κκ)n is a -subset if it is the projection p[T] of all cofinal branches through a subtree T of (>κκ)n+1 of height κ. We define and -subsets of (κκ)n as usual.Given an uncountable regular cardinal κ with κ = κ<κ and an arbitrary subset A of κκ, we show that there is a <κ-closed forcing ℙ that satisfies the κ+-chain condition and forces A to be a -subset of κκ in every ℙ-generic extension of V. We give some applications of this result and the methods used in its proof.(i) Given any set x, we produce a partial order with the above properties that forces x to be an element of L.(ii) We show that there is a partial order with the above properties forcing the existence of a well-ordering of κκ whose graph is a -subset of κκ × κκ.(iii) We provide a short proof of a result due to Mekler and Väänänen by using the above forcing to add a tree T of cardinality and height κ such that T has no cofinal branches and every tree from the ground model of cardinality and height κ without a cofinal branch quasi-order embeds into T.(iv) We will show that generic absoluteness for -formulae (i.e., formulae with parameters which define -subsets of κκ) under <κ-closed forcings that satisfy the κ+-chain condition is inconsistent.In another direction, we use methods from the proofs of the above results to show that - and -subsets have some useful structural properties in certain ZFC-models.
Molecular genetic studies on morphologically indistinguishable Myxobolus spp. infecting cyprinid fishes, with the description of three new species, M. alvarezae sp. nov., M. sitjae sp. nov. and M. eirasianus sp. nov.
Authors: Cech Gábor , Molnár Kálmán , Székely Csaba 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile studying Myxobolus gill infections of cyprinid fishes, the authors found large, segmented plasmodia in three species: ide (Leuciscus idus), asp (Aspius aspius) and white bream (Blicca bjoerkna). As regards their size and morphology, the spores from these plasmodia corresponded to those of M. dujardini described from chub (Leuciscus cephalus). However, the 18S rDNA sequences of spores from the three cyprinids differed from those of M. dujardini. Based on molecular differences, this paper describes two new species: M. alvarezae sp. nov. from ide and asp, and M. sitjae sp. nov. from white bream. The two new species and M. dujardini had a similar tissue tropism, and infected the multilayered epithelium of the gill filaments. Histological examination of the infected filaments demonstrated that the large plasmodia with multiple buddings were formed from amalgamating small plasmodia. Besides carrying infection in the filamental epithelium, the three above fish species were infected by small intralamellar plasmodia as well. These plasmodia were filled by spores that resembled the roach parasite M. intimus both in morphology and seasonal development. The 18S rDNA sequences of ‘intimus-like’ spores from ide and asp differed only in some base pairs from spores found in the type host roach, and were identified as belonging to M. intimus. The spores found in white bream, however, showed 3.6-5.0% difference in DNA sequence from those of M. intimus; therefore, they have been described as M. eirasianus sp. nov. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the importance of using molecular methods for separating and identifying morphologically corresponding or closely similar Myxobolus spp.
Reproductive biology of the mediterranean green crab Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae) in Homa Lagoon, Aegean Sea, Turkey
Authors: Özbek Murat , Koçak Cengiz , Acarlı Deniz 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The Mediterranean green crab Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae) is a common inhabitant of the shallow waters of Homa Lagoon in Izmir Bay, Turkey, in the eastern Mediterranean. Monthly samples were collected in Homa Lagoon from June 2006 to May 2007 using trammel nets, fyke nets, beach seines and fence traps. In total, 608 males and 559 females of C. aestuarii were collected. The highest sex ratio (81–86% females) was recorded between October and December, and in August (58% females). Ovigerous females were obtained only from November to February with the highest ratio of ovigerous females (55%) observed in January 2007. The maturation curve presenting the carapace width showed that 50% of female crabs with the carapace width of 26.84 ±1.58 mm (r= 0.72) were physiologically mature. Regression analyses indicated that the number of eggs was positively correlated with carapace width and wet weight (P < 0.05, in both cases).
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of Some 4-(Substituted)-Ethanoylamino-3-Mercapto-5- (4-Substituted) Phenyl-1,2,4-Triazoles
Authors: Upmanyu Neeraj , Kumar Sanjay , Shah Kamal , Mishra Pradeep 
Published: November 2012

Triazoles and triazoles with different substituent groups are found to possess diverse application in the field of medicine and industry. A series of 4-(substituted) ethanoylamino-3-mercapto-5-(4-substituted) phenyl-1,2,4- triazoles were synthesized as novel antimicrobial agents starting from different 4-substituted benzoic acids. The chemical structures of these newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FAB+-mass spectral data and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial activity of title compounds were examined against two gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), two gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum) using disc diffusion method. Some of the compounds bearing methoxy group exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12481 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 7-18, 2012 (June)
Hypoglycemic effect of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lacomate Ex. Ororke), Baill in Type 2 Diabetic Long-Evans Rats
Authors: Hossain M S , Sokeng S , Shoeb M , Hasan K , Mosihuzzaman M , Nahar N , Ali L , Rokeya B 
Published: November 2012

Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lacomate Ex. Ororke), Baill (African wild mango/bush mango) seeds are widely used in cooking as a sauce in Cameroon and in most parts of tropical Africa for the treatment of a number of ailments. In this study normal rat food was incorporated with I. gabonensis seed powder (10%) and oil free seed powder (5%) and their chronic effects on streptozotocin induced Type 2 diabetic rats were studied. Oral consumption of food incorporated with seed powder significantly reduced serum glucose level on the 28th day (p<0.01) which was comparable with glibenclamide treated group. Food with oil free seed powder showed 24% fall in glucose level on the 28th day. Fasting serum insulin increased significantly (p<0.001) in glibenclamide and oil free seed powder treated (p<0.008) groups. No effect was observed in the seed powder treated group. Liver glycogen content increased in the glibenclamide treated group but no significant change was observed in both powder and oil free seed powder treated groups. On the 28th day seed powder treated group significantly lowered serum TG level (p<0.033) and 48% was lowered by oil free seed powder. It is concluded that seed powder as well as oil free seed powder lowered blood glucose level in Type 2 diabetic model rats. It seems to act as an insulinomimetic and/or insulin sensitizing agent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12482 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 19-24, 2012 (June)
Leaf Extract of Syzygium cumini Shows Anti-Vibrio Activity Involving DNA Damage
Authors: Ahsan Nazmul , Paul Nilanjana , Islam Nazrul , Akhand Anwarul A 
Published: November 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of leaf (EEL) of Syzygium cumini against Vibrio cholerae serogroups Ogawa and Inaba. The antimicrobial activity of EEL was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against multi-drug resistant Ogawa and Inaba. The EEL effectively inhibited the growth of both serogroups. This growth inhibition was accompanied by fragmentation of genomic DNA as revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. This result suggested that the EEL might inhibit bacterial growth involving DNA damage either through activation of signal transduction pathways or through direct interaction of the metabolites present in the EEL with DNA. Therefore, EEL of S. cumini has potential growth inhibitory activity against multi drug resistant Vibrios. This inhibitory effect of EEL might be explored to develop effective candidate(s) to combat cholera. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12483 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 25-28, 2012 (June)
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Alginate Beads of Diclofenac Sodium
Authors: Rasel Mohammad Abu Taher , Hasan Moynul 
Published: November 2012

The objective of this present investigation is to develop gastroretentive sustained release alginate beads of Diclofenac sodium by the ionotropic gelation method. The floating beads were prepared by dispersing Diclofenac sodium together with CaCO3 (as gas forming agent) into a solution of sodium alginate. The resulting solution was then extruded through a 22 gauge syringe needle into 100 ml cross-linking solution containing calcium chloride (1% w/v) plus acetic acid (10% v/v). Prepared beads were evaluated for their encapsulation efficiency, buoyancy test, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and release behaviour. In vivo floating behaviour was studied by sonography. The drug entrapment efficiency was increased with the increment of polymer ratio. All of the formulations (F1 to F5) floated immediately or with a very short lag time and remained floating upto 24 hours. Rough and porous surface was observed in case of surface SEM and many large hollow pores or multiple small hollow pockets were observed in case of cross-sectional SEM of beads. In vivo floating behaviour of the beads was confirmed by ultrasonographic examination of a healthy male volunteer after ingestion of capsule containing floating beads. In vitro dissolution studies were performed for eleven hours into 900 ml 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2) using USP Apparatus II (paddle type) maintained at a temperature of 37ºC and stirred at a speed of 50 rpm. The dissolution study revealed that, after eleven hours the percent of drug release for five formulations were 76.7% (F1), 73.5 % (F2), 72.2 % (F3), 70.56% (F4), and 69.1 % (F5) and all of the formulations followed zero order and Higuchi model. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12484 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 29-35, 2012 (June)