bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The keys that unlock entrepreneurialism in employees
Authors: Lyons Paul R 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to review current information and research concerning the entrepreneurial spirit of employees. It provides a brief overview of entrepreneurial behavior, how it contributes to organizational success and what tends to motivate it. It offers suggestions for practitioners.

Design/methodology/approach
– It examines research and opinion for the past several years and summarizes it to help practitioners to stimulate entrepreneurial spirit in organizations.

Findings
– It reveals that 5-8 per cent of employees will eventually leave to set up their own business, while an equivalent percentage creates and develops products, services, cost-savings and the like to benefit the firm and does not leave the organization. Both groups share an entrepreneurial spirit and are driven to innovate and create.

Practical implications
– It reveals that organization managers can choose to encourage or deflate the entrepreneurial spirit through various means.

Social implications
– It explains that society as a whole can benefit from the labors of individuals who search for business opportunities and then work to bring them to fruition.

Originality/value
– It gives an overview of recent research and opinion with regard to both entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurial behavior that is not readily available in other sources. It provides current information that may guide practice and policy development.
Flame retardant cellulosic textile using bannana pseudostem sap
Authors: Basak Santanu , Samanta Kartick K , Chattopadhyay Sajal K , Narkar Rajesh Shashikant , Mahangade R 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to use the natural wastage plant product, bannana pseudostem sap (BPS) for using as fire retardant of cellulosic textile substrate. The study aims to use first time any wastage plant product for making fire retardant cellulosic textile. In this regard flame retardant functionality was imparted in cellulosic textile using BPS, an eco-friendly natural wastage product.

Design/methodology/approach
– The extracted sap was made alkaline and applied in pre-mordanted bleached and mercerized cotton fabrics. Flame retardant properties of the control and treated fabrics were analyzed in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and vertical flammability and total heat of combustion using bomb calorimeter. The thermal degradation and pyrolysis was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The chemical composition of the control and BPS treated cellulosic fabric were analyzed by FTIR, SEM and EDX. Durability of the flame retardant functionality to soap washing had also been studied.

Findings
– The study showed that the treated fabrics had good flame retardant property compared to control fabrics. The LOI value was found to increase by 1.6 times after application of BPS. As a result of this, the fabric does not catch flame. In horizontal flammability, the treated fabric showed burning with afterglow (without presence of flame) with a propagation rate of 7.5 mm/min, which is almost ten times lower than the control fabric. After application of BPS cellulosic fabric sample produced natural khaki colour. There was no significant change in other physical properties.

Practical implications
– The application process is simple and cost-effective as no costly chemicals were used. Further advantage is that the treated fabric could also be considered as natural dyed cotton fabric. The developed khaki colour is quite attractive and stable to sun light exposure. This developed process could used in colouration and flame retardant finishing of home furnishing products such as home-window curtain, railway curtain, hospital curtain, table lamp and as a covering material of non-permanent structure like in book fair, festival, religious purpose, etc., where large quantity of textile is used and has chance of fire hazards.

Social implications
– BPS abundantly available in Indian as well as other countries and it is normally considered as waste material. It is eco-friendly and produced from renewable source. Therefore, the application of BPS in cotton textile for colouration and functionalization will give the advantages of value addition using natural product. Rural people will be benifited lot by applying this technology whenever it required.

Originality/value
– This paper helps to clarify first time why and how a wastage plant product like BPS can be used for preparing fire retardant cotton cellulosic fabric.
Co-creating the collective service experience
Authors: Carù Antonella , Cova Bernard 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify which consumption practices lead to the co-creation of collective service experiences and to outline a conceptual framework for their understanding.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a multiple case vignette approach combining examples from leisure industries described as perfect contexts to study collective experiences. Four case vignettes were selected according to community forms and types as defined by consumer culture literature.Findings– The study identifies and delineates the neglected phenomenon of the co-creation of collective service experiences and related practices. It highlights the ambivalence of these practices in terms of the co-creation or co-destruction of the experience and indicates their relative unmanageability.Research limitations/implications– The cases largely rest on symbolic service experiences, which are a small set of the total universe of consumer experiences.Practical implications– Companies should replace their efforts in organizing consumer practices with monitoring mechanisms and react to collective consumer actions, pursuing a co-evolutionary perspective when they do not have a dominant and permanent role in the relationship with their consumers.Originality/value– The paper gives voice to an understudied collective phenomenon in service management and provides the building blocks for its conceptualization.
Consumer responses to corporate offshoring practices
Authors: Grappi Silvia , Romani Simona , Bagozzi Richard P 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumer responses to company communication of offshoring strategies and tries to discover which psychological mechanisms govern these responses. To do these, the authors examine offshoring strategy communication from the point of view of Regulatory Focus Theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors tested the hypotheses in two different studies. Study 1 examines the associations between company offshoring motives and consumer’s prevention or promotion inferences about the company’s practices. Study 2 tests if and how the interaction effect between respondents’ self-regulatory focus and the company offshoring motive affects respondents’ attitude toward the offshoring company.

Findings
– The study demonstrated that each of three offshoring motives activates unique self-regulatory orientations (promotion or prevention focus) in consumers, and regulatory fit positively affects consumer attitudes toward the offshoring company.

Practical implications
– Results suggest how to communicate company offshoring decisions to consumers. By trying to instill a particular regulatory focus in the public with their communication tools, companies can create a better match in the public eye, gaining more positive consumer evaluations.

Originality/value
– This research shows the mechanisms through which consumers respond differently to specific offshoring motives communicated by a company. By building on psychology theory, the study gains insights into the consumer reactions to company offshoring and, to the knowledge, no research to date has examined these mechanisms.
The characteristics of Portuguese management academics and their fit with teaching accreditation standards
Authors: Sarrico Cláudia S. , Pinheiro Margarida M. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the quality and accreditation of management education by examining the fit between the characteristics of current management academics in Portugal and recognised accreditation standards. For purposes of comparison, the authors use both general Portuguese teaching accreditation standards and specific international standards for management education.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors analyse indicators of staff career positioning, tenure status, full time vs part-time, age, degree qualifications, field of training, level of academic inbreeding, internationalisation, research activity, professional activity, and the number of hours taught per week. The authors also examine the relationship between them, in light of accreditation standards, for all academic staff teaching in management degrees submitted for compulsory accreditation by the Portuguese accreditation agency.

Findings
– The reality found in this study shows gaps between the actual attributes of management academics and what can be considered appropriate attributes, according to the general consensus found in the literature and which is duly mirrored in common “qualified faculties” accreditation standards by Portuguese and international standards (AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS).

Research limitations/implications
– The findings relate to the Portuguese situation and the analysis developed should be extended to other contexts. Also, while the data, which were collected through a census, has a wide national scope, it only covers one academic year.

Practical implications
– This work has policy setting implications for degree accreditation and for developing capacity during the transitional periods when universities implement the mandatory minimum standards. It can also help universities to benchmark themselves against their peers as a diagnostic tool for elaborating improvement plans.

Social implications
– The massification of higher education has led to legitimate concerns about the quality of the services provided, and consequently accreditation procedures were devised to restore trust. However, policy makers must be aware of the impacts of their actions, namely the effects of degree accreditation, as their goals need to be achieved with the minimum negative impact on academic work.

Originality/value
– The authors work sheds light on the characteristics of those who teach management and how they align with the current accreditation policies that affect academia globally and, in the process, presents empirical evidence from Portugal, which is at a relatively early stage in the accreditation process.
Types of analytics projects and the executive perception of them
Authors: Phillips Jack J 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to help readers categorize the vast variety of tasks, processes and procedures involved in analytics projects.

Design/methodology/approach
– It is designed to help the reader explore the five different but related categories of analytic projects.

Findings
– The findings show the categories of projects to be: converting data to money, showing relationships and causation, applying models, conducting impact and return on investment (ROI) analysis and forecasting ROI.

Originality/value
– The originality and practicality of this paper is displayed with thorough explanations of each of the five types of analytic projects and a number of examples of their applications.
Examining the contributions of syntactic awareness and syntactic knowledge to reading comprehension
Authors: Brimo Danielle , Apel Kenn , Fountain Treeva 
Published: April 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect(s) of syntactic knowledge and syntactic awareness on adolescents' reading comprehension.MethodOne hundred and seventy‐nine, 9th and 10th grade students' syntactic awareness, syntactic knowledge and reading comprehension skills were assessed. In addition, other known contributors to reading comprehension were assessed including word level reading, short‐term memory and vocabulary knowledge skills.ResultsPath analysis was used to analyse the direct and indirect effects of syntactic awareness and syntactic knowledge on reading comprehension. Students' syntactic knowledge directly accounted for significant variance in reading comprehension. Syntactic awareness indirectly accounted for significant variance in reading comprehension through syntactic knowledge.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the significant effects of syntactic knowledge and syntactic awareness on reading comprehension among adolescent students. This is one of the very few studies to examine both knowledge and awareness of syntax simultaneously and to determine that syntactic knowledge mediates the contribution of syntactic awareness to adolescent students' reading comprehension.
Chronic portomesenteic venous thrombosis complicated by a high flow arteriovenous malformation presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Plotnik Adam N. , Hebroni Frank , McWilliams Justin 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPortomesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition. The presenting symptoms of chronic portomesenteric venous thrombosis are often non‐specific but may present with variceal bleeding. We present the first reported case of chronic portomesenteric venous thrombosis causing a high flow arteriovenous malformation that resulted in extensive gastrointestinal bleeding.
Alcohol Cues Impair Learning Inhibitory Signals in Beer Drinkers
Authors: Laude Jennifer R. , Fillmore Mark T. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundModels of drug addiction emphasize the reciprocal influence of incentive‐motivational properties of drug‐related cues and poor impulse control resulting in drug use. Recent studies have shown that alcohol‐related cues can impair response inhibition. What is unknown is whether these cues also disrupt learning of inhibitory associations.MethodsParticipants performed a conditioned inhibition (CI) task and were required to learn that a neutral image was a conditioned inhibitor when presented in the context of either an alcohol image intended to draw their attention away from the to‐be‐trained inhibitor, or a control condition in which the alcohol image was absent. After training, subjects in each condition rated the likelihood that the neutral image would signal the outcome. Eye tracking was used to verify that attention to the neutral image was in fact reduced when the alcohol image was present.ResultsCompared with controls those trained in the alcohol image condition reported a greater likelihood that the presence of the inhibitor would be followed by the outcome and thus were less able to acquire CI. Measures of eye tracking verified that attention to the alcohol cue was associated with this maladaptive behavior.ConclusionsWhen alcohol cues are present, there is a reduced ability to learn that such information is irrelevant to an outcome, and this impairs ones’ ability to inhibit perseveration of a response. This has implications for persistence of a drinking episode.
Social Anxiety and Peer Helping in Adolescent Addiction Treatment
Authors: Pagano Maria E. , Wang Alexandra R. , Rowles Brieana M. , Lee Matthew T. , Johnson Byron R. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe developmental need to fit in may lead to higher alcohol and other drug use among socially anxious youths which exacerbates the drink/trouble cycle. In treatment, youths with social anxiety disorder (SAD) may avoid participating in therapeutic activities with risk of negative peer appraisal. Peer‐helping is a low‐intensity, social activity in the 12‐step program associated with greater abstinence among treatment‐seeking adults. This study examined the influence of SAD on clinical severity at intake, peer‐helping during treatment, and outcomes in a large sample of adolescents court‐referred to residential treatment.MethodsAdolescents (N = 195; 52% female, 30% Black) aged 14 to 18 were prospectively assessed at treatment admission, treatment discharge, and 6 months after treatment discharge. Data were collected using rater‐administered assessments, youth reports, clinician reports, medical charts, and electronic court records. The influence of SAD on peer‐helping and outcomes was examined using hierarchical linear regression and event history methods.ResultsForty‐two percent of youths reported a persistent fear of being humiliated or scrutinized in social situations, and 15% met current diagnostic criteria for SAD. SAD onset preceded initial use for two‐thirds of youths with SAD and substance dependency. SAD youths presented for treatment with greater clinical severity in terms of earlier age of first use (p < 0.01), greater lifetime use of heroin and polysubstance use (p < 0.05), incarceration history (p < 0.01), and lifetime trauma (p < 0.001). Twelve‐step participation patterns during treatment did not differ between youths with and without SAD except for peer‐helping, which was associated with reduced risk of relapse (p < 0.01) and incarceration (p < 0.05) in the 6 months posttreatment.ConclusionsThis study found evidence of an association between SAD and earlier age of first use, greater lifetime use of heroin, incarceration history, and lifetime trauma. SAD was associated with higher service participation during treatment, which was associated with reduced risk of relapse and incarceration in the 6 months posttreatment. Findings indicate the benefits of service participation for juveniles with SAD which provides a nonjudgmental, task‐focused venue for developing sober networks in the transition back into the community.
Expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 Proteins in Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex: Influence of Alcoholism and Smoking
Authors: Toselli Francesca , Booth Depaz Iris M. , Worrall Simon , Etheridge Naomi , Dodd Peter R. , Wilce Peter A. , Gillam Elizabeth M. J. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe tissue‐specific expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP, P450) in the human brain may influence the therapeutic response to, and side effects of, neuroactive drugs including alcohol. However, the distribution of many P450s, especially poorly characterized CYP2 forms, within specific regions of the brain remains obscure, partly due to the paucity of available tissue and difficulty in discriminating between related P450s with available antibodies.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the expression of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, CYP2S1, CYP2U1, and CYP2W1 proteins in human prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala (AMG) by immunoblotting with antibodies for which the P450 form specificity had been enhanced by affinity purification. These brain regions were selected as they mediate the addictive effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, substances known to modulate P450 expression in other tissues. PFC and AMG samples from alcoholic smokers, alcoholic nonsmokers, nonalcoholic smokers, and nonalcoholic nonsmokers were studied to assess the effect of alcohol use and smoking on the expression of these proteins.ResultsOf the P450s studied, CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 were expressed in all samples analyzed (n = 26 and 22 for CYP2E1 and CYP2U1, respectively), and elevated in alcoholics. CYP2U1 expression was also slightly increased in smokers. Expression of both P450s was increased in AMG compared to PFC of the same individuals.ConclusionsThis is the first report of CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 protein expression in human AMG. Our results suggest that CYP2U1 expression may be modulated by alcohol and tobacco, with potential consequent effects on the metabolism of drugs and endogenous chemicals by this enzyme.
Simultaneous Versus Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Cannabis in the National Alcohol Survey
Authors: Subbaraman Meenakshi S. , Kerr William C. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundCannabis is the most commonly used drug among those who drink, yet no study has directly compared those who use cannabis and alcohol simultaneously versus concurrently (i.e., separately) in the adult general population. Here, we assess differences in demographics, alcohol‐related social consequences, harms to self, and drunk driving across simultaneous, concurrent, and alcohol‐only using groups.MethodsSecondary analyses of the 2005 and 2010 National Alcohol Survey (N = 8,626; 4,522 female, 4,104 male), a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview survey of individuals aged 18 and older from all 50 states and DC. Blacks and Hispanics are over‐sampled. Data were collected using list‐assisted Random Digit Dialing. Multinomial and multivariable logistic regressions were used for analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of simultaneous use was almost twice as high as concurrent use, implying that individuals who use both cannabis and alcohol tend to use them at the same time. Furthermore, simultaneous use was associated with increased frequency and quantity of alcohol use. Simultaneous use was also the most detrimental: compared to alcohol only, simultaneous use approximately doubled the odds of drunk driving, social consequences, and harms to self. The magnitudes of differences in problems remained when comparing drunk driving among simultaneous users to concurrent users.ConclusionsThe overall set of results is particularly important to bear in mind when studying and/or treating problems among alcohol/cannabis co‐users because they demonstrate that in the general population, co‐users are a heterogeneous group who experience different likelihoods of problems relative to co‐use patterns.
Prognostic value of interim FDG‐PET in Hodgkin lymphoma: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Adams Hugo J. A. , Nievelstein Rutger A. J. , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyse the value of interim 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in predicting treatment failure in Hodgkin lymphoma. MEDLINE was systematically searched for original studies that used standardized international criteria for interim FDG‐PET interpretation. Included studies were methodologically assessed. Summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) analysis was performed, and pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity in diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) across studies was assessed and potential sources for inter‐study heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analyses. Ten studies, comprising a total of 1389 Hodgkin lymphoma patients, were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of interim FDG‐PET for predicting treatment failure ranged between 0·0–81·5%, 72·2–96·6%, 0·0–86·0% and 84·4–98·6%, respectively. The area under the sROC curve was 0·877. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 70·8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 64·7–76·4%] and 89·9% (95% CI: 88·0–91·6%). There was heterogeneity in DORs across individual studies (I2 = 72·7). The overall prognostic value of interim FDG‐PET appears to be moderate for excluding and relatively high for identifying treatment failure in Hodgkin lymphoma. However, interim FDG‐PET cannot yet be implemented in routine clinical practice due to moderate‐quality evidence and inter‐study heterogeneity that cannot be fully explained yet.