bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentialgestützte DNA‐Immobilisierung als Voraussetzung für eine schnelle und kontrollierte Bildung von DNA‐Monoschichten
Authors: Jambrec Daliborka , Gebala Magdalena , La Mantia Fabio , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDie Immobilisierung von DNA‐Einzelsträngen auf Goldoberflächen kann hochreproduzierbar mithilfe einer geeigneten Potentialpulssequenz substanziell beschleunigt werden. Die gewünschte Oberflächenbelegung mit einzelsträngiger DNA lässt sich innerhalb weniger Minuten erhalten. Entscheidend ist das Verständnis der zugrundliegenden Prozesse. Ein von uns vorgeschlagenes Modell berücksichtigt sowohl die Rolle der Ionen in der Umgebung der elektrifizierten Grenzfläche und der DNA‐Stränge als auch die Distanz, in der das angelegte Potential einen Einfluss auf die DNA‐Einzelstränge in der Nähe der elektrifizierten Grenzfläche hat. Auch die Verschiebung des Nullladungspotentials der Elektrode infolge der Oberflächenmodifizierung durch die DNA‐Stränge wird berücksichtigt und ist von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Kontrolle der Oberflächenbedeckung der Einzelstrang‐DNA, in Kombination mit der erreichten Geschwindigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit, ist eine Voraussetzung für verbesserte DNA‐basierte Bioassays.
Synthetic Covalent and Non‐Covalent 2D Materials
Authors: Boott Charlotte E. , Nazemi Ali , Manners Ian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe creation of synthetic 2D materials represents an attractive challenge that is ultimately driven by their prospective uses in, for example, electronics, biomedicine, catalysis, sensing, and as membranes for separation and filtration. This Review illustrates some recent advances in this diverse field with a focus on covalent and non‐covalent 2D polymers and frameworks, and self‐assembled 2D materials derived from nanoparticles, homopolymers, and block copolymers.
Solid‐phase preparation method of silica‐supported 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenol) and its antioxidative behavior in styrene‐butadiene rubber
Authors: Jia Zhixin , Luo Qiwen , Wang Song , Chen Yongjun , Zhou Xiangyang , Liu Mingxian , Luo Yuanfang , Jia Demin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA solid‐phase preparation method is applied to the synthesis of a novel supported rubber antioxidant, silica–supported 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenol) (SiO2‐2246), by directly reacting 2,2′‐methylenebis (6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenol)(antioxidant 2246) with silica. FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TGA confirm that the antioxidant 2246 is chemically bonded on the surface of the silica particles. The SEM observation shows that the SiO2‐2246 is homogeneously dispersed in the styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix. The results of the apparent activation energy and the attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrometry indicate that the antioxidative efficiency of the SiO2‐2246 in SBR is superior to the corresponding low‐molecular‐weight 2246. The thermal oxidative stability of the SBR/SiO2‐2246 composites is much higher than that of the SBR/SiO2/2246 composites by comparing their mechanical properties retentions and crosslinking densities. Additionally, the advantages of SiO2‐2246 also include low migration, low volatility, and low pollution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43014.
Synthesis and properties of acrylate‐acrylic acid‐acrylate triblock copolymers with gemini structure by RAFT polymerization
Authors: Yu Erlei , Mamat Xamxikamar , Zhi Keke , Zhang Xuemin , Zhang Yagang , Eli Wumanjiang 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA class of gemini structure block copolymers with a trithiocarbonate ester spacer group had been synthesized with S, S′‐bis (R, R′‐dimethylacetic acid) trithiocarbonate as reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer agents and acrylic acid as the second monomer. These triblock copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography in terms of their compositions, molecular weights and behaviour at the air–water interface. The results showed that the weight‐average molecular weight was larger than theoretical molecular as the acrylate side chain increased. The polymer neutralized by sodium hydroxide solution had low critical micelle concentration which was <10−2 mol L−1 in water. TEM and DLS showed that it formed a special micelle structure with large pore structure which might lead to low surface tension and critical micelle concentration in water. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43017.
Concentration‐mediated multicolor fluorescence polymer carbon dots
Authors: Jeong Chan Jin , Lee Gibaek , In Insik , Park Sung Young 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPolymer dots (PDs) showing concentration‐mediated multicolor fluorescence were first prepared from sulfuric acid‐treated dehydration of Pluronic® F‐127 in a single step. Pluronic‐based PDs (P‐PDs) showed high dispersion stability in solvent media and exhibited a fluorescence emission that was widely tunable from red to blue by adjusting both the excitation wavelengths and the P‐PD concentration in an aqueous solution. This unique fluorescence behavior of P‐PDs might be a result of cross‐talk in the fluorophores of the poly(propylene glycol)‐rich core inside the P‐PD through either energy transfer or charge transfer. Reconstruction of the surface energy traps of the P‐PDs mediated through aggregation may lead to a new generation of carbon‐based nanomaterials possessing a fluorescence emission and tunable by adjusting the concentration. These structures may be useful in the design of multifunctional carbon nanomaterials with tunable emission properties according to a variety of internal or external stimuli. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of 10,11‐Dehydrocurvularin Polyketide Synthases from Alternaria cinerariae and Aspergillus terreus Highlights Key Structural Motifs
Authors: Cochrane Rachel V. K. , Gao Zhizeng , Lambkin Gareth R. , Xu Wei , Winter Jaclyn M. , Marcus Sandra L. , Tang Yi , Vederas John C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIterative type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) from fungi are multifunctional enzymes that use their active sites repeatedly in a highly ordered sequence to assemble complex natural products. A phytotoxic macrolide with anticancer properties, 10,11‐dehydrocurvularin (DHC), is produced by cooperation of a highly reducing (HR) iterative PKS and a non‐reducing (NR) iterative PKS. We have identified the DHC gene cluster in Alternaria cinerariae, heterologously expressed the active HR PKS (Dhc3) and NR PKS (Dhc5) in yeast, and compared them to corresponding proteins that make DHC in Aspergillus terreus. Phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling of these enzymes identified variable surfaces and conserved motifs that are implicated in product formation.
Tuning and Switching Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Carboligation in an Enzyme through Mutational Analysis of a Single Hot Spot
Authors: Wechsler Cindy , Meyer Danilo , Loschonsky Sabrina , Funk Lisa‐Marie , Neumann Piotr , Ficner Ralf , Brodhun Florian , Müller Michael , Tittmann Kai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEnantioselective bond making and breaking is a hallmark of enzyme action, yet switching the enantioselectivity of the reaction is a difficult undertaking, and typically requires extensive screening of mutant libraries and multiple mutations. Here, we demonstrate that mutational diversification of a single catalytic hot spot in the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase gives access to both enantiomers of acyloins acetoin and phenylacetylcarbinol, important pharmaceutical precursors, in the case of acetoin even starting from the unselective wild‐type protein. Protein crystallography was used to rationalize these findings and to propose a mechanistic model of how enantioselectivity is controlled. In a broader context, our studies highlight the efficiency of mechanism‐inspired and structure‐guided rational protein design for enhancing and switching enantioselectivity of enzymatic reactions, by systematically exploring the biocatalytic potential of a single hot spot.
Chronic total uterine inversion in an adolescent
Authors: Birge Ozer , Merdin Alparslan 
Published: October 2015

Key Clinical MessageUterine inversion is rarely seen in adolescents in western countries. But it might be seen in teenagers and adolescents due to poor conditions and early pregnancies in Africa. And early troubleshooting chronic uterine inversion represents an early resolution of the problem and allows planning pregnancy without complications.
Aberration‐Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy and In Situ XAFS Structural Characterization of Pt/γ‐Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Sinkler Wharton , Sanchez Sergio I. , Bradley Steven A. , Wen Jianguo , Mishra Bhoopesh , Kelly Shelly D. , Bare Simon R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAberration‐corrected (AC) STEM, AC TEM and in situ X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) were used to characterize the Pt clusters present on a 0.35 wt % Pt on γ‐alumina support after reduction in hydrogen at 700 °C. STEM high‐angle annular dark field imaging shows that cluster formation takes place at temperatures up to approximately 350 °C, and this is followed by gradual growth in cluster size for heat treatments in hydrogen up to 700 °C. The STEM data show that after 700 °C reduction the Pt clusters are present in a narrow size distribution centered at 0.88 nm, and using a method involving a redistribution of the Pt atoms using a high electron dosage in the STEM, it is shown that the clusters are present in two‐dimensional morphology. This conclusion is verified using intensity line scans. The in situ extended X‐ray absorption fine structure data are in good agreement with these observations. High‐resolution AC–TEM, which uses a broad coherent electron beam, and can thus offer advantages relative to STEM for structure determination of fine clusters, supported by image simulations of through‐focus series, were used to analyze the structures of Pt particles. The structures determined by using AC–TEM are consistent with STEM and EXAFS data in having a flat two‐dimensional morphology. Comparison of AC–STEM and AC TEM data for the same 700 °C reduced sample suggests that parallel‐beam TEM mode of imaging may be advantageous because of the less pronounced beam‐induced structural rearrangements that occur when imaging with a fine STEM probe.
Expedient Mechanosynthesis of N,N‐Dialkyl Imidazoliums and Silver(I)–Carbene Complexes in a Ball‐Mill
Authors: Beillard Audrey , Golliard Ethan , Gillet Valentin , Bantreil Xavier , Métro Thomas‐Xavier , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frédéric 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe absence of solvent, associated with intensive mechanical agitation, allowed the first mechanosynthesis of high‐value silver(I)–carbene complexes and the corresponding N,N‐dialkylimidazolium precursors. This procedure gave outstanding results in terms of yield and reaction time, when compared to solution‐based conditions previously described in literature, and was generalized to unprecedented compounds. Silver(I)–carbene complexes could either be obtained from N,N‐dialkylimidazolium salts or directly from imidazole and alkyl halides in a one‐pot two‐step procedure without isolating the imidazolium intermediate. Additionally, an efficient one‐pot three‐step sequence, including imidazole alkylation, silver metalation, and transmetalation is reported.
Unexpected Efficiency of a Luminescent Samarium(III) Complex for Combined Visible and Near‐Infrared Biphotonic Microscopy
Authors: Bui Anh Thy , Grichine Alexei , Brasselet Sophie , Duperray Alain , Andraud Chantal , Maury Olivier 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn original samarium(III) complex based on a triazacyclononane platform functionalized with a charge‐transfer antenna chromophore exhibited optimized brightness and was successfully used as an emissive species for two‐photon microscopy experiments in both the visible and near‐infrared spectral ranges.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Decarboxylation/Ketooxygenation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Lu Qingquan , Peng Pan , Luo Yi , Zhao Ying , Zhou Minxian , Lei Aiwen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed ketooxygenation of electron‐deficient alkenes was developed. This approach combines OH alkylation, aerobic decarboxylation, and oxygenation in one transformation. Mechanistic investigation of this reaction showed that the copper salt is responsible for both generating the amidoxyl radical and promoting aerobic decarboxylation.
Simultaneous CO2/SO2 adsorption performance of carbide slag in adsorption/desorption cycles
Authors: Wu Shuimu , Li Yingjie , Zhao Jianli , Lu Chunmei , Wang Zeyan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSimultaneous CO2/SO2 adsorption performance of CaO derived from carbide slag (an industrial waste product from a chlor‐alkali plant) in multiple adsorption/desorption cycles was investigated in a dual fixed‐bed reactor. The effects of adsorption duration, SO2 concentration, adsorption temperature, desorption conditions, and particle size on carbonation conversion, cumulative sulphation conversion, and total Ca utilization of the carbide slag over multiple cycles were discussed. SO2 presence appreciably impedes the cyclic CO2 adsorption capacity of the carbide slag. A longer adsorption duration causes a sharper drop in the carbonation conversion due to the adverse effect of SO2. The presence of SO2 intensifies the effect of adsorption temperature on the carbonation conversion of the carbide slag. The optimum adsorption temperature for cyclic simultaneous CO2/SO2 adsorption by the carbide slag is 700 °C. The high desorption temperature and CO2 concentration (950 °C, 0.9999 L/L CO2) are not beneficial to cyclic CO2/SO2 adsorption. Both the carbonation conversion and cumulative sulphation conversion of the carbide slag decrease with increasing sorbent particle size in the cycles. The compact CaSO4 product layer covers the surface of CaO derived from the carbide slag during the multiple cycles, which results in a sharp drop in the surface area and pore volume with the cycle number. Compared with limestone, the carbide slag exhibits higher SO2 adsorption capacity and similar CO2 adsorption capacity during the cyclic simultaneous CO2/SO2 adsorption.
Elucidating Interactions between DMSO and Chelate‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Chen Hang , Wang Xinyu , Yao Jia , Chen Kexian , Guo Yan , Zhang Pengfei , Li Haoran 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe C−D bond stretching vibrations of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide ([D6]DMSO) and the C2−H bond stretching vibrations of 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentane‐2,4‐dione (hfac) ligand in anion are chosen as probes to elucidate the solvent–solute interaction between chelate‐based ionic liquids (ILs) and DMSO by vibrational spectroscopic studies. The indirect effect from the interaction of the adjacent S=O functional group of DMSO with the cation [C10mim]+ and anion [Mn(hfac)3]− of the ILs leads to the blue‐shift of the C−D stretching vibrations of DMSO. The C2−H bond stretching vibrations in hfac ligand is closely related to the ionic hydrogen bond strength between the cation and anion of chelate‐based ILs. EPR studies reveal that the crystal field of the central metal is kept when the chelate‐based ILs are in different microstructure environment in the solution.
Surface‐Confined Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Molecular Nanocranes for Chemically Lifting and Positioning C60 above a Conducting Substrate
Authors: Du Ping , Kreher David , Mathevet Fabrice , Maldivi Pascale , Charra Fabrice , Attias André‐Jean 
Published: October 2015

Abstract2D supramolecular self‐assembly is a good way to form well‐defined nanostructures on various substrates. One of the current challenges is to extend this approach to 3D functional building blocks. Here, we address this issue by providing a strategy for the controlled lifting and positioning of functional units above a graphitic substrate. This is the first time that multistory cyclophane‐based 3D tectons incorporating C60 units have been designed and synthesized. Molecular modelling provides a description of the 3D geometries and evidences the flexible character of the building blocks. Despite this later feature, the supramolecular self‐assembly of Janus tectons on HOPG yields well‐ordered adlayers incorporating C60 arrays at well‐defined mean distances from the surface. As our approach is not limited to C60, the results reported here open‐up possibilities for applications where the topological and electronic interactions between the substrate and the functional unit are of prime importance.
Life Cycle Assessment of Titania Perovskite Solar Cell Technology for Sustainable Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Gao Xianfeng , Deng Yelin , Li Bingbing , Yuan Chris 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have attracted enormous attention in recent years due to their low cost and superior technical performance. However, the use of toxic metals, such as lead, in the perovskite dye and toxic chemicals in perovskite solar cell manufacturing causes grave concerns for its environmental performance. To understand and facilitate the sustainable development of perovskite solar cell technology from its design to manufacturing, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment has been conducted on titanium dioxide nanotube based perovskite solar cells by using an attributional life cycle assessment approach, from cradle to gate, with manufacturing data from our laboratory‐scale experiments and upstream data collected from professional databases and the literature. The results indicate that the perovskite dye is the primary source of environmental impact, associated with 64.77 % total embodied energy and 31.38 % embodied materials consumption, contributing to more than 50 % of the life cycle impact in almost all impact categories, although lead used in the perovskite dye only contributes to about 1.14 % of the human toxicity potential. A comparison of perovskite solar cells with commercial silicon and cadmium–tellurium solar cells reveals that perovskite solar cells could be a promising alternative technology for future large‐scale industrial applications.
Synthesis of Easy‐to‐Functionalize Aza­bicycloalkane Scaffolds as Dipeptide Turn Mimics en Route to cRGD‐Based Bioconjugates
Authors: Serra Massimo , Tambini Simone Maria , Di Giacomo Marcello , Peviani Elena Giulia , Belvisi Laura , Colombo Lino 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper we report the synthesis of new azabicycloalkane scaffolds, which could be exploited to obtain cRGD‐based bioconjugates that may find promising application for targeted drug delivery, theranostic, and general cancer‐cell labeling. By exploiting a Hosomi–Sakurai intramolecular allylation reaction we efficiently converted a silylated aldehyde precursor into 7,5‐fused lactam scaffolds endowed with an exocyclic double bond. The presence of the vinyl function should make it possible to conjugate bioactive compounds to selectively carry them to tumor sites. The optimized synthetic sequence allows the gram‐scale preparation of the target scaffolds in a few steps and good 39 % overall yield from readily accessible materials. The high reactivity of the exocyclic olefin moiety was ascertained by performing a Heck coupling reaction with 1‐bromo‐4‐nitrobenzene, which gave the corresponding functionalized derivatives in good (80–91 %) yields.
One‐Step Direct Functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinolines under Copper and Acid Catalysis
Authors: Yi Fengping , Su Juchao , Zhang Songxing , Yi Weiyin , Zhang Lirong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA facile, one‐step, direct functionalization of the C1 and N positions of tetrahydroisoquinolines was developed. Unprotected tetrahydroisoquinolines, indoles, and benzaldehydes could be used as starting materials. The different substituted indoles and benzaldehydes were investigated in detail and the scope proved to be broad.
Insights into rock avalanche emplacement processes from detailed morpho‐lithological studies of the Tschirgant deposit (Tyrol, Austria)
Authors: Dufresne Anja , Prager Christoph , Bösmeier Annette 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLarge, rapid rockslope failures generate deposits with complex morphologies due to a number of causal and influencing factors. To investigate these, we conducted a detailed case study at the carbonate Tschirgant deposit (Tyrol, Austria). It preserved evidence of simultaneous rock sliding (very large, coherent hummocks) and rock avalanche spreading (smaller, more scattered hummocks and ridges). Motion indicators, such as longitudinal ridges furthermore pinpoint the transition between linear sliding and radial spreading. The lithological distribution in the Tschirgant deposit shows that it retained source stratigraphy despite being split into two accumulation lobes by a high bedrock ridge. Furthermore, lithology had a very strong control on the final deposit morphology in that the different lithologic units form individual deposit surfaces. River erosion has created fortuitous outcrops that reveal the basal rock avalanche contact. The underlying valley‐fill sediments (substrates) have been intricately involved in shaping the rock avalanche morphology and, where entrained, highlight internal rock avalanche deformation features. This study shows that intrinsic dynamic properties of granular media (e.g. tendency for longitudinal alignments), emplacement mode, lithology (and source predisposition), runout path topography, and substrates form the quintet of causal factors that shape rock avalanche morphology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditions for feedbacks between geomorphic and vegetation dynamics on lateral moraine slopes: a biogeomorphic feedback window
Authors: Eichel Jana , Corenblit Dov , Dikau Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLittle Ice Age lateral moraines represent one of the most important sediment storages and dynamic areas in glacier forelands. Following glacier retreat, simultaneous paraglacial adjustment and vegetation succession affect the moraine slopes. Geomorphic processes (e.g. debris flows, interrill erosion, gullying, solifluction) disturb and limit vegetation development, while increasing vegetation cover decreases geomorphic activity. Thus, feedbacks between geomorphic and vegetation dynamics strongly control moraine slope development. However, the conditions under which these biogeomorphic feedbacks can occur are insufficiently understood and major knowledge gaps remain. This study determines feedback conditions through the analysis of geomorphic and vegetation data from permanent plots in the Turtmann glacier foreland, Switzerland. Results from multivariate statistical analysis (i) confirm that Dryas octopetala L. is an alpine ecosystem engineer species which influences geomorphic processes on lateral moraines and thereby controls ecosystem structure and function, and (ii) demonstrate that biogeomorphic feedbacks can occur once geomorphic activity sufficiently decreases for D. octopetala to establish and cross a cover threshold. In the subsequent ecosystem engineering process, the dominant geomorphic processes change from flow and slide to bound solifluction. Increasing slope stabilization induces a decline in biogeomorphic feedbacks and the suppression of D. octopetala by shrubs. We conceptualize this relationship between process magnitude, frequency and species resilience and resistance to disturbances in a ‘biogeomorphic feedback window’ concept. Our approach enhances the understanding of feedbacks between geomorphic and alpine vegetation dynamics on lateral moraine slopes and highlights the importance of integrating geomorphic and ecological approaches for biogeomorphic research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.