bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Gas Well Formation Damage, Water Breakthrough and Liquid Loading by Use of Surface Pressure Build-Up Data
Authors: Veeken C. A. , Mittal Anurag , Bertsché Stijn 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Gas well performance can deteriorate or improve as a result of changes in inflow and outflow. Early detection of such changes allows timely recognition of their impact on the production forecast and, if necessary and justified, timely execution of remedial activities. This article will demonstrate how comparison of subsequent surface pressure build-up (S-PBU) periods reveals either onset of formation water production and/or liquid loading and that can be use to estimate WGR. The S-PBU data can also be transformed into a dynamic inflow performance relation (D-IPR). It will be demonstrated how the evolution of this D-IPR reflects changes in inflow performance either due to impairment or due to stimulation. In addition, the D-IPR provides an independent measure of the gas production rate prior to shut-in. And best of all, this data is abundant, typically free of charge and easily digestible.
A Case Study of Modelling Squeeze Treatments in a Fractured Formation
Authors: Spooner Victoria , Stalker Robert , Graham Gordon M , Cook Stuart , Haugen Chris , Lu Haiping 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Scale inhibitor squeeze treatments in unfractured reservoirs can be readily simulated in matrix flow models, designing such treatments for application in fractured reservoirs is less routine. One reason for this is that the flow process and transport mechanisms by which the inhibitors are retained in fractured formations differ considerably from simple matrix flow. In previous papers, we described a diffusion-controlled transport model for scale inhibitors in low permeability fractured reservoirs where little matrix flow is expected. In this paper, the model has been used to simulate squeeze treatments performed on multiple wells in a fractured shale formation and compared to simulations using a matrix flow model.
A number of squeeze treatments were performed on wells in a fractured shale formation yielding long treatment lifetimes. The squeeze treatments were designed using a matrix flow model. Calculations indicated the design pumping rate would require an injection pressure significantly more than the fracture pressure for the formation indicating little matrix may possible for this case. The treatments were successful, however, the observed field return did not match the prediction and in some cases longer treatment lifetimes were observed.
When a standard matrix flow model was used, the resulting field isotherms were significantly different for each well in the formation. This is taken to indicate that the matrix flow model approach is not accurately mimicking the field data. When the same data was examined using the diffusion based fracture model, a single isotherm was found to be a good match for all of the wells from the formation. In addition, explicitly modelling the varying water production rates in the diffusion model gave good correlation with changing trends in the return concentrations seen in the field return. Furthermore the possibility of improving the treatment lifetime is considered, factors such as the effect of the overflush volume and injection rate are discussed as treatment modifications and the influence may have on formation damage.
Accurate prediction of squeeze treatment lifetimes is important for scale management both economically to ensure optimum productivity and practically to schedule treatments appropriately. Until recently this has not been achievable for fractured formations without the use of full field simulators. The paper illustrates that an appropriate near wellbore model can give good agreement with field data and has been used to design better treatments without the need for complex full field simulators.
Mitigation of Formation Damage and Wellbore Instability in Unconventional Reservoirs Using Improved Particle Size Analysis and Design of Drilling Fluids
Authors: Dorman J. , Lakatos I. J. , Szentes G. , Meidl A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The key to formation damage control is minimizing the depth of contact/impact of the formation and drilling fluid by minimizing solids and liquid invasion into porous (fractured) formations. Analysis of downhole filtration conditions and particle size (distribution) measurements were used to select “fit to pore size” fluid loss control materials in order to maximize pore/fracture plugging efficiency. Further tests served to predict potential alteration of rock properties. Particle size measurements have been performed for commonly used (natural and synthetic) polymeric fluid loss and other additives dispersed in water. High-pressure Hg porosimetry was used to determine the pore size distribution of core samples. Core flow tests served to measure permeability and permeability damage caused by fluid loss additives. Spontaneous fluid absorption rate was studied using modified tensiometer and wettability of the cores were determined by ‘sitting drop’ technique.
In low permeability porous (tight and shale gas) formations consisting of macro to nano pores most filtration studies are limited to provide reliable filtration data for all cases due to the fact that drilling fluids solids particle sizes relative to pore sizes. Particle size measurements of commonly used (natural and synthetic) polymeric fluid loss additives in water have provided typical size range by particle number in the 25-35 nm range, and 120-700 nm by volume. Such particles can play a significant role in internal plugging of micro to nano size pores and microfractures. Core flow/filtration tests using low permeability (&lt;5 mD) core samples and model fluids containing fluid loss additives resulted in rapid permeability reduction (to 100%), typically in close to core face region. Results proved the achievable pore plugging efficiency and invasion control into low permeability rocks during drilling. Particle size data gained for CPG (Cloud Point Glycol) solutions proved that this system could also be used to form efficient barrier within the low permeability formation, showing certain analogy between mitigation of formation damage and wellbore instability. Better insight into downhole filtration mechanism and conditions, especially for initial filtration phase in low permeability formations can lead to designed “shallow bed” instead of practically uncontrolled “deep bed” filtration, where external filter cake is essentially not formed. Such internal pore plugging technique can be the key to the minimization of solids/liquid invasion and associated formation damage.
Unique Application of an Inhibitor to Mitigate Scale between Formation Water and Divalent-Base Drilling and Completion Fluids
Authors: Allogo C. M. , Ravitz R. , Nguyen C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
An operator in Gulf of Guinea experienced dramatic production impairment due to calcium carbonate scaling. Post completion analysis revealed that the scaling magnitude was dependent upon several influences, primarily the reservoir pressure; access to mobile formation water coupled with its scaling tendency induced carbonate scales deposit. The impact of the completion brine and drilling mud and filtrate as whole losses or secondary filtrate were identified as contributors. The above study and its conclusions were reported concurrent with on-going planning for the next horizontal drill and open-hole gravel-pack completion. The water-base reservoir drilling fluid (RDF), screen running fluid (SF), completion brine, gravel pack carrier fluid, and filter-cake breaker fluid were designed with divalent calcium chloride brine. The required products for these systems were already on location and operations very close to commencing.
Redesigning all these systems by replacing the divalent brine with monovalent brine would require additional resources and delay the project. However, a scale inhibitor was recommended to mitigate the initial risk of scale formation when using divalent calcium brine. Concentrations of Scale inhibitors were tested over a range of temperature from 150F to 250F, and ratios between formation water and selected fluids from 25/75 to 75/25. Testing considered adding a scale inhibitor to the RDF as well as the other required systems.
This upfront assessment indicated that the selected inhibitor prevented scaling with formation water. As such, the operator approved the use of the scale inhibitor and the well was successfully drilled and completed. Higher initial production than modeled was realized for this well compared to other wells in this field.
This paper will present the upfront testing to assess shale inhibitor efficiency, results, and the field application used to reduce the risk of formation damage during the drilling and completion phases.
Scale Inhibitor Squeeze Treatment Design in an Acid Stimulated Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Vazquez O. , Mackay E. , Myles Jordan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe a methodology to simulate scale squeeze treatments in acid stimulated carbonate reservoir. Acid stimulation treatments refer to matrix acidizing, which aims to improve productivity in tight carbonate reservoirs. They generally show a high porosity, but very low permeability. Matrix acidizing treatments have been applied successfully in numerous occasions, they consist of the injection of an acid, generally, hydrochloric acid, mainly because of the high reactivity with carbonate formations. When the acid is injected into the formation, a number of wormholes or highly conductive channels are formed, which are the result of two very distinctive, but interconnected processes. On the one hand, there are chemical reactions between the carbonate minerals and the acid and on the other hand, there are the fluid dynamics of the injected acid, i.e. the fluid loss from wormhole to formation and the fluid distribution in possibly highly complex wormhole geometries. There have been numerous studies investigating the geometry of the wormhole growth pattern in radial and linear laboratory experiments, as well as stochastic simulation. They concluded that wormholes grow in a certain pattern in both axial and angular directions. Although the exact wormhole pattern will strongly depend on the permeability anisotropy and heterogeneity, it is reasonable to assume that the dominant wormholes are expected to grow symmetrically, and that the region dominated by each wormhole is approximately 90° around the wellbore.
To simulate squeeze treatments in an acid stimulated well with a corresponding wormhole pattern, as described above, a reservoir simulator is used. The reservoir simulator describes the pressure field and consequently the propagation of scale inhibitor (SI) along the wormholes, but also into the matrix. The final step is to determine how deep the SI propagates into the matrix, which was used to determine fully a specialized near wellbore model for scale treatment design.
Early Detection and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: A Simulation of the Results of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People With Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION-Europe)
Authors: Herman William H. , Ye Wen , Griffin Simon J. , Simmons Rebecca K. , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Rutten Guy E.H.M. , Sandbaek Annelli , Lauritzen Torsten , Borch-Johnsen Knut , Brown Morton B. , Wareham Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the benefits of screening and early treatment of type 2 diabetes compared with no screening and late treatment using a simulation model with data from the ADDITION-Europe study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used the Michigan Model, a validated computer simulation model, and data from the ADDITION-Europe study to estimate the absolute risk of cardiovascular outcomes and the relative risk reduction associated with screening and intensive treatment, screening and routine treatment, and no screening with a 3- or 6-year delay in the diagnosis and routine treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.

RESULTS
When the computer simulation model was programmed with the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the ADDITION-Europe population, it accurately predicted the empiric results of the trial. The simulated absolute risk reduction and relative risk reduction were substantially greater at 5 years with screening, early diagnosis, and routine treatment compared with scenarios in which there was a 3-year (3.3% absolute risk reduction [ARR], 29% relative risk reduction [RRR]) or a 6-year (4.9% ARR, 38% RRR) delay in diagnosis and routine treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
Major benefits are likely to accrue from the early diagnosis and treatment of glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. The intensity of glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol treatment after diagnosis is less important than the time of its initiation. Screening for type 2 diabetes to reduce the lead time between diabetes onset and clinical diagnosis and to allow for prompt multifactorial treatment is warranted.
Corrosion behavior of Haynes® 230® nickel-based super-alloys for integrated coal gasification combined cycle syngas plants: A plant exposure study
Authors: Lee Sungkyu , Kim Min Jung , Lee Jieun , Kang Suk-Hwan , Lee Seung-Jong , Yongin Yongseung Yun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The corrosion behavior of commercially available Haynes® 230® nickel-based alloy samples was investigated by exposure to coal-gasifying integrated coal gasification combined cycle pilot plant facilities affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Engineering (2.005 MPa and 160-300 °C). The morphological and microstructural analyses of the exposed samples were conducted using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis on the external surface of the recovered corrosion test samples to obtain information of the corrosion scale. These analyses based on the pre- and post-exposure corrosion test samples combined with thermodynamic Ellingham-Pourbaix stability diagrams provided preliminary insight into the mechanism of the observed corrosion behavior prevailing in the piping materials that connected the particulate removal unit and water scrubber of the integrated coal gasification combined cycle pilot plant. Uniform material wastage was observed after 46 hours of operation, and a preliminary corrosion mechanism was suggested: the observed material waste and corrosion behavior of the Haynes® 230® nickel-based alloy samples cut off from the coal syngas integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant were explained by the formation of discontinuous (complex) oxide phases and subsequent chlorine-induced active oxidation under the predominantly reducing environment encountered. This contribution continues the already published studies of the Fe-Ni-Cr-Co alloy Haynes® 556®.
Production of nano-sized grains in powder metallurgy processed pure aluminum by equal channel angular densification (ECAD) and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)
Authors: İpekçi Melih Turan , Güral Ahmet , Tekeli Süleyman 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this study, pure aluminum powders were turned into bulk material using equal channel angular densification (ECAD)/equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and further deformed up to 16 passes at 100 °C. For comparison, pure aluminum powders were also compacted in a mold without ECAD/ECAP process at the same temperature. The microstructures were characterized using TEM for grain size and shape measurements. In general, the grains were finer in the specimens processed by ECAD/ECAP than in the compacted specimen without ECAD/ECAP process. The high density which is very close to the full density of pure aluminum (2.7 g × cm-3) was reached at the second pass of ECAD/ECAP. By the application of ECAD/ECAP process, severe plastic deformation enabled particles to be compacted into fully dense materials at much lower temperatures and shorter times, compared to the conventional sintering process. The ECAD/ECAP process was shown to provide an effective method for producing nano-sized grain and nearly full densification in aluminum powder.
Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines. Part 5: Effect of valve type on cerebrospinal fluid shunt efficacy
Authors: Baird Lissa C. , Mazzola Catherine A. , Auguste Kurtis I. , Klimo Paul , Flannery Ann Marie 
Published: May 2015

Object
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the existing literature to compare differing shunt components used to treat hydrocephalus in children, find whether there is a superior shunt design for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus, and make evidence-based recommendations for the selection of shunt implants when placing shunts.

Methods
Both the US National Library of Medicine PubMed/MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried using MeSH headings and key words chosen to identify publications comparing the use of shunt implant components. Abstracts of these publications were reviewed, after which studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. An evidentiary table was compiled summarizing the selected articles and quality of evidence. These data were then analyzed by the Pediatric Hydrocephalus Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines Task Force to consider evidence-based treatment recommendations.

Results
Two hundred sixty-nine articles were identified using the search parameters, and 43 articles were recalled for full-text review. Of these, 22 papers met the study criteria for a comparison of shunt components and were included in the evidentiary table. The included studies consisted of 1 Class I study, 11 Class II studies, and 10 Class III studies. The remaining 21 articles were excluded.

Conclusions
An analysis of the evidence did not demonstrate a clear advantage for any specific shunt component, mechanism, or valve design over another.
Recommendation: There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate an advantage for one shunt hardware design over another in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Current designs described in the evidentiary tables are all treatment options. Strength of Recommendation: Level I, high degree of clinical certainty.
Recommendation: There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of a programmable valve versus a nonprogrammable valve. Programmable and nonprogrammable valves are both options for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Strength of Recommendation: Level II, moderate degree of clinical certainty.
Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines. Part 10: Change in ventricle size as a measurement of effective treatment of hydrocephalus
Authors: Nikas Dimitrios C. , Post Alexander F. , Choudhri Asim F. , Mazzola Catherine A. , Mitchell Laura , Flannery Ann Marie 
Published: May 2015

Object
The objective of this systematic review is to answer the following question: Does ventricle size after treatment have a predictive value in determining the effectiveness of surgical intervention in pediatric hydrocephalus?

Methods
The US National Library of Medicine PubMed/MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using MeSH headings and key words relevant to change in ventricle size after surgical intervention for hydrocephalus in children. An evidentiary table was assembled summarizing the studies and the quality of evidence (Classes I–III).

Results
Six articles satisfied inclusion criteria for the evidentiary tables for this part of the guidelines. All were Class III retrospective studies.

Conclusions
Recommendation: There is insufficient evidence to recommend a specific change in ventricle size as a measurement of the effective treatment of hydrocephalus and as a measurement of the timing and effectiveness of treatments including ventriculoperitoneal shunts and third ventriculostomies. Strength of Recommendation: Level III, unclear clinical certainty.
Indirect effects of herbivory on plant–pollinator interactions in invasive Lythrum salicaria
Authors: Russell‐Mercier Jake L. , Sargent Risa D. 
Published: May 2015

• Premise of the study: Herbivory can affect a plant's fitness in a variety of ways, including modifying the biotic interactions of the plant. In particular, when herbivory influences floral display, we hypothesize that pollinator visitation will be altered accordingly. Here we studied the indirect effects of feeding by two beetles, Neogalerucella calmariensis and N. pusilla, released as a biological control, on plant–pollinator interactions and fitness in the invasive plant, purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria).• Methods: Two herbivory treatments (ambient and simulated) were applied to plants in a naturally occurring population of purple loosestrife. During flowering, traits of plants in the treatment and control groups were recorded. Data on pollinator visitation behavior was then collected after intense larval herbivory had ended.• Key results: Plants exposed to herbivory treatments produced more flowers and inflorescences but flowered significantly later than those in the control group. Moreover, we found a significant, positive association of herbivory with the number of flowers probed by bumblebees and with the number of times a foraging pollinator moved among inflorescences on a single plant. No differences in female fitness (fruit or seed production) were detected.• Conclusions: We conclude that herbivore‐mediated differences in floral display traits impacted pollinator visitation behavior. However, as we discuss, differences in pollinator visitation did not translate into detectable differences in female reproductive success. We postulate that herbivory could influence other unmeasured aspects of fitness, such as seed quality or the number of seeds sired.
Des liens et des biens
Authors: Bessière Céline , Gollac Sibylle 
Published: May 2015

Quand on parle de famille, on pense souvent à des liens – d’amour, de filiation, d’entraide ou de conflit... Or la famille est aussi une affaire de biens, comme nous le rappellent Céline Bessière et Sibylle Gollac : on y échange et transmet des choses. Cette dimension patrimoniale de la famille est un lieu majeur de la production des rapports sociaux de classe et de sexe. À partir de leurs enquêtes, les auteures montrent comment la loi et les pratiques des professionnels du droit fabriquent et prolongent les inégalités entre familles et définissent très précisément les contours de la famille, fondée sur une « lignée ». Il vaut bien sûr mieux être riche que pauvre (car les avantages se cumulent), mais aussi un frère qu’une sœur, un descendant qu’une épouse.
Produire et normaliser les familles par le logement
Authors: François Camille 
Published: May 2015

Il n’est de famille qu’à partager le même toit : ce mantra est l’un des piliers indépassables de l’intervention publique sur les familles. À travers le logement, l’État a en effet institué la famille nucléaire et hétérosexuelle comme sujet de droit et modèle d’accès aux droits civils, sociaux, fiscaux. Les dispositifs de la politique du logement, comme les projets de « rénovation urbaine » ici analysés, ne se contentent pas de disqualifier et d’exclure les familles « atypiques » qui leur préexisteraient. Ils produisent et normalisent les familles en les dispersant ou en les regroupant afin qu’elles s’adaptent aux attentes morales et comptables de leurs agents : avec certaines démolitions, c’est jusqu’à 40 % des familles qui se voient recomposées.