bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individually-tailored thyroxine requirement in the same patients before and after thyroidectomy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Del Duca S C , Santaguida M G , Brusca N , Gatto I , Cellini M , Gargano L , Verga Falzacappa C , Frattaroli F M , Virili C , Centanni M 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThyroxine (T4) requirement after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a debated issue. As most of the studies in the area have been retrospective and/or performed with heterogeneous therapeutic approaches, we designed our study to determine T4 requirement in the same patients and treatment settings, before and after total thyroidectomy.Design, patients and methodsThis was a longitudinal study including 23 goitrous patients treated with T4 in an individually tailored fashion. All patients exhibited a stable TSH (median TSH=0.28 mU/l) at a stable T4 dose for at least 1 year before surgery (median T4 dose=1.50 μg/kg per day). The patients underwent total thyroidectomy based on cancer suspicion or compressive symptoms. Eventually diagnosed as having DTC (pT1b-pT2N0) and following surgical and radiometabolic treatment, they were treated with the same pre-surgical doses of T4.ResultsThree months after surgery,using the same pre-surgical dose, median TSH increased up to 5.38 mU/l (P<0.0001) and so the T4 dose had to be increased (median T4 dose=1.95 μg/kg per day; +30%; P<0.0001). Once divided by patients' age, we observed that, after thyroidectomy and maintaining the same pre-surgical dose, serum TSH significantly increased both in younger and in older patients (median TSH=4.57 and 6.11 mU/l respectively). Serum TSH was restored to the pre-surgical level by increasing the dose up to 1.95 and 1.77 μg/kg per day (+25 and +21%) respectively.ConclusionsFollowing the same treatment regimen, a thyroidectomized patient requires one-third higher therapeutic T4 dose than before surgery. Despite this increase, the dose of T4 needed in our patients remains significantly lower than that previously described in athyreotic patients.
Evaluation of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment with foraminal enlargement and obturation using two auxiliary chemical protocols
Authors: Bourreau Marcelle Louise Sposito , Soares Adriana de Jesus , Souza-Filho Francisco José de 
Published: June 2015

Aim This prospective randomized clinical study examined the influence of two different auxiliary chemical substances on postoperative pain in 301 single-visit endodontic treatments, with enlargement of the apical foramen and extrusion of cement into the periapical region. Material and method The two auxiliary chemicals used were 2% chlorhexidine (2% CHX gel; n = 145) and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (5.25% NaOCl; n = 156). The incidence of postoperative pain and discomfort was assessed at 24 hours and expressed as percentages. The Fisher exact test and the Chi-square test were used to compare variation in postoperative pain. The variables analyzed were previous pain, pulp status, age, and number of root canals. Result In teeth with previous pain instrumented with 2% CHX gel, the incidence of postoperative pain was 22.22% (6/27) versus 11.11% (3/22) in teeth instrumented with 5.25% NaOCl. In teeth without previous pain instrumented with 2% CHX gel, the incidence of postoperative pain was 8.5% (6/118) versus 2.33% (3/129) in teeth instrumented with 5.25% NaOCl, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Results showed that previous pain had a significant influence on postoperative status (p < 0.001). After 24 hours postoperatively, 93.7% (282/301) of the teeth had no pain and 6.3% (19/301) had some level of pain, and used one or two doses of medication. Conclusion Based on the results, it can be concluded that the auxiliary chemical substances had no influence on postoperative pain.
Morphological and chemical changes of dentin after applying different sterilization methods
Authors: Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge , Xavier Ana Claudia Carvalho , Valera Márcia Carneiro , Jorge Antonio Olavo Cardoso , Ferraz Marcia Maciel Menezes , Oliveira Luciane Dias de 
Published: June 2015

Aim The present study evaluated the morphological and chemical changes of dentin produced by different sterilization methods, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Material and method Five human teeth were sectioned into 4 samples, each divided into 3 specimens. The specimens were separated into sterilization groups, as follows: wet heat under pressure; cobalt 60 gamma radiation; and control (without sterilization). After sterilization, the 60 specimens were analyzed by SEM under 3 magnifications: 1500X, 5000X, and 10000X. The images were analyzed by 3 calibrated examiners, who assigned scores according to the changes observed in the dentinal tubules: 0 = no morphological change; 1, 2 and 3 = slight, medium and complete obliteration of the dentinal tubules. The chemical composition of dentin was assessed by EDS, with 15 kV incidence and 1 μm penetration. Result The data obtained were submitted to the statistical tests of Kruskall-Wallis and ANOVA. It was observed that both sterilization methods – with autoclave and with cobalt 60 gamma radiation – produced no significant changes to the morphology of the dentinal tubules or to the chemical composition of dentin. Conclusion Both methods may thus be used to sterilize teeth for research conducted in vitro.
Cross-Border Cooperation and the European Administrative Space – Prospects from the Principle of Mutual Recognition
Authors: Beck Joachim 
Published: June 2015

With the introduction of the territorial cohesion objective and under the redesign of the new cohesion policy, cross-border cooperation has become an increasingly important level of “horizontal” European integration. Representing at the same time a specific transnational pattern of the European Administrative Space (EAS), however, its practical functioning is still hindered by various factors amongst which the diverging national legal and administrative framework conditions of the participating actors represent the major obstacle with regards to the development of effective cross-border governance regimes. Based on the analysis of central challenges of practical cross-border governance, the article examines the question whether the application the principle of mutual recognition, initially developed for the free movement of goods in the non-harmonized area, could provide a basis for substantial improvement in European cross-border cooperation. Four fields ofapplication are designed, allowing for a new quality of transnational administrative cooperation and a new understanding of the laboratory role that cross-border territories might play both for the EAS and further European integration.
Des aspects de collégialité dans le fonctionnement du gouvernement grec: Le cas des gouvernements de coalition à l’époque du Mémorandum
Authors: Pravita Marie-Iléane 
Published: June 2015

Le gouvernement est l’institution compétente pour la prise de décisions et la surveillance de la mise en application du programme gouvernemental. L’oeuvre de coordination du Premier ministre devient difficile quand il s’agit d’un gouvernement de coalition constitué de nombreux membres, séparés d’un fossé idéologique. Le Conseil des ministres a cessé de jouer son rôle constitutionnel, de formuler la politique générale du pays, et ce sont des réunions informelles qui ont substitué aux organes compétents. La qualité au sein de la gouvernance est un processus complexe avec des dimensions politiques, nécessitant quand même des conditions administratives et organisationnelles pour son succès.
Transthyretin Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Alzheimer's Disease – Is This a Biomarker for Disease Severity?
Authors: Gloeckner Sara Friederike , Zerr Inga ,   Doctoral Student,   Professor, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Georg-August University Göttingen
Published: June 2015

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A β1–42, A β1–40, total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau have been reported to be suitable biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD. Additionally, transthyretin has been suggested as a biomarker as it has been shown to inhibit A ββaggregation and the formation of senile plaques. Aggregates of A β1–42are an important hallmark of the pathogenesis of AD. Patients with AD show significantly lower levels of transthyretin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with ageing controls or patients with other kinds of dementia. Furthermore, some data indicate that transthyretin levels reflect disease severity in AD. In conclusion, recent work demonstrates the potential of transthyretin as an additional biomarker in the neurochemical differential diagnosis of AD.
Untreated Mild Hyperglycemia During Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures of Obesity in Offspring at Age 5–7 Years
Authors: Thaware Parag K. , McKenna Sonia , Patterson Christopher C. , Hadden David R. , Pettitt David J. , McCance David R. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
Obesity in the offspring of women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy has been reported, but the results are conflicting. This study examined the association of hyperglycemia during pregnancy and anthropometry in 5- to 7-year-old offspring whose mothers participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study at the Belfast Centre.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Women in the HAPO study underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at approximately 28 weeks of gestation. Mothers and caregivers remained blinded to the results unless the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration was &gt;5.8 mmol/L or the 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) concentration was &gt;11.1 mmol/L. Offspring weight, height, and skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) were measured at age 5–7 years. Overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity were defined as a BMI z score ≥85th, ≥95th, and ≥99th percentile, respectively, based on the 1990 British Growth Standard.

RESULTS
Belfast HAPO offspring (n = 1,320, 82%) aged 5–7 years attended for follow-up. With use of multiple regression, maternal FPG, 1h PG, and 2hPG did not show any relation to offspring BMI z score or offspring skinfold sum independent of maternal BMI at OGTT and offspring birth weight z score. This lack of association with maternal glycemia persisted with the offspring BMI z score expressed as ≥85th, ≥95th, or 99th percentile and the sum of skinfolds expressed as ≥90th percentile specific for sex. The initially significant relation between FPG and all offspring adiposity measures was explained by maternal BMI at the OGTT.

CONCLUSIONS
After adjustment for maternal BMI at the OGTT, higher maternal FPG concentration during pregnancy (short of diabetes) is no longer a risk factor for obesity, as reflected by BMI and the sum of skinfolds in offspring aged 5–7 years.
Lipoma of Tongue: a case report
Authors: Sikder Morshed Asadullah , Mohibullah Mohibullah , Sultana Nahida 
Published: June 2015

Lipoma is the benign tumor occurring at any anatomical site where fat is present. It may be evident for 1 to 5 percent of the entire benign tumor of the oral cavity. Lipoma of the tongue is extremely rare because tongue is totally devoid of fat cell. In this case study we report a case of lipoma of tongue. A 45 years old Bangladeshi female patient presented with this benign tumor at the left lateral border with dorsal and ventral surface of the tongue for which complete tumor excision was done.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.302-304
Solitary staphylococcal liver abcess in a neonate
Authors: Das Suman , Paul Dilip Kumar , Chatterjee Anish , Raut Sumantra 
Published: June 2015

A 28 days old neonate presented with high fever, abdominal distension, poor feeding and lethargy. Sepsis screen was positive; ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated a multiloculated hepatic abcess in the right lobe of the liver. The baby was treated with intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks and percutaneous aspiration of the abcess, resulting in excellent recovery.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.299-301
Serum calcium and lipid profile in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Sharmin Nazia , Sultana Nasima , Mazumder Pinke , Rahman Taniza 
Published: June 2015

Background: Worldwide acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major public health problem. Therefore, this study was undertaken to see the association of some biochemical risk factors with AIS in Bangladesh. Methodology: This study was conducted in Biochemistry department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2014 to December 2014. In this study, 50 patients of AIS considered as case and 50 age and sex matched healthy individuals taken as control. Blood sample was collected and tested for serum calcium and lipid profile in case and control. All the parameters then compared statistically between two groups. Results: Study showed that serum calcium was significantly lower (p= 0.001) in cases and serum TChol, TAG, LDL-C significantly higher (p= 0.035, 0.001 and 0.019 respectively) and HDL-C significantly lower (0.001) in cases compared to controls. Conclusions: This study concludes that low serum calcium level and altered lipid profile are significantly associated with AIS.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.286-289
Caractéristiques, motivations et performances des fusions et acquisitions en Tunisie
Authors: Ferchichi Rania , Souam Saïd 
Published: June 2015

Cet article propose une analyse détaillée des opérations de F&A réalisées en Tunisie, d’abord en les caractérisant, ensuite en identifiant leurs motivations et enfin en évaluant leurs effets sur les entreprises impliquées. Le travail a consisté dans un premier temps en l’élaboration d’une base de données recensant les F&A réalisées entre 1980 et 2009. Le phénomène des F&A, relativement récent dans ce pays, s’est accéléré à partir de 1995. Plusieurs faits caractérisent ces opérations. Elles sont plus fréquentes dans les secteurs industriels et ont lieu essentiellement dans le Grand Tunis et les régions côtières. Elles sont presque exclusivement horizontales et représentent un moyen à la disposition des grandes entreprises pour se développer en acquérant des PME. La seconde étape de terrain a consisté en l’administration d’un questionnaire adressé aux dirigeants d’entreprises composant notre base de données et relatif aux motivations des F&A ainsi qu’à leurs performances. Il apparaît que les principales motivations des F&A sont la recherche d’économies de gamme et de synergies, l’amélioration de la rentabilité de la nouvelle entité et la recherche d’économies d’impôt. Enfin, l’évaluation de la performance des opérations de F&A s’est basée sur deux approches : l’approche par les ratios économiques et comptables et l’approche financière, à l’aide des études d’événements. Il s’avère au total que les F&A n’ont globalement pas détérioré la situation économique et financière des entreprises impliquées. En revanche, l’approche financière montre des rendements anormaux cumulés négatifs et significatifs pour l’ensemble de l’échantillon ainsi que pour les entreprises initiatrices et cibles.
Age-Associated Failure To Adjust Type I IFN Receptor Signaling Thresholds after T Cell Activation
Authors: Li Guangjin , Ju Jihang , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
With increasing age, naive CD4 T cells acquire intrinsic defects that compromise their ability to respond and differentiate. Type I IFNs, pervasive constituents of the environment in which adaptive immune responses occur, are known to regulate T cell differentiation and survival. Activated naive CD4 T cells from older individuals have reduced responses to type I IFN, a defect that develops during activation and that is not observed in quiescent naive CD4 T cells. Naive CD4 T cells from young adults upregulate the expression of STAT1 and STAT5 after activation, lowering their threshold to respond to type I IFN stimulation. The heightened STAT signaling is critical to maintain the expression of CD69 that regulates lymphocyte egress and the ability to produce IL-2 and to survive. Although activation of T cells from older adults also induces transcription of STAT1 and STAT5, failure to exclude SHP-1 from the signaling complex blunts their type I IFN response. In summary, our data show that type I IFN signaling thresholds in naive CD4 T cells after activation are dynamically regulated to respond to environmental cues for clonal expansion and memory cell differentiation. Naive CD4 T cells from older adults have a defect in this threshold calibration. Restoring their ability to respond to type I IFN emerges as a promising target to restore T cell responses and to improve the induction of T cell memory.
Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulates Monocyte Migration and Collagen Destruction in Tuberculosis
Authors: Sathyamoorthy Tarangini , Tezera Liku B. , Walker Naomi F. , Brilha Sara , Saraiva Luisa , Mauri Francesco A. , Wilkinson Robert J. , Friedland Jon S. , Elkington Paul T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a global pandemic and drug resistance is rising. Multicellular granuloma formation is the pathological hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) is a collagenase that is key in leukocyte migration and collagen destruction. In patients with TB, induced sputum MT1-MMP mRNA levels were increased 5.1-fold compared with matched controls and correlated positively with extent of lung infiltration on chest radiographs (r = 0.483; p &lt; 0.05). M. tuberculosis infection of primary human monocytes increased MT1-MMP surface expression 31.7-fold and gene expression 24.5-fold. M. tuberculosis–infected monocytes degraded collagen matrix in an MT1-MMP–dependent manner, and MT1-MMP neutralization decreased collagen degradation by 73%. In human TB granulomas, MT1-MMP immunoreactivity was observed in macrophages throughout the granuloma. Monocyte–monocyte networks caused a 17.5-fold increase in MT1-MMP surface expression dependent on p38 MAPK and G protein–coupled receptor-dependent signaling. Monocytes migrating toward agarose beads impregnated with conditioned media from M. tuberculosis–infected monocytes expressed MT1-MMP. Neutralization of MT1-MMP activity decreased this M. tuberculosis network–dependent monocyte migration by 44%. Taken together, we demonstrate that MT1-MMP is central to two key elements of TB pathogenesis, causing collagen degradation and regulating monocyte migration.
MicroRNA-9 Regulates the Differentiation and Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via Targeting Runx1
Authors: Tian Jie , Rui Ke , Tang Xinyi , Ma Jie , Wang Yungang , Tian Xinyu , Zhang Yue , Xu Huaxi , Lu Liwei , Wang Shengjun 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in tumor-associated immunosuppression, thus affecting effective immunotherapies for cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the differentiation and function of MDSCs remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that inhibition of microRNA (miR)-9 promoted the differentiation of MDSCs with significantly reduced immunosuppressive function whereas overexpression of miR-9 markedly enhanced the function of MDSCs. Notably, knockdown of miR-9 significantly impaired the activity of MDSCs and inhibited the tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Moreover, miR-9 regulated MDSCs differentiation by targeting the runt-related transcription factor 1, an essential transcription factor in regulating MDSC differentiation and function. Furthermore, the CREB was found to regulate miR-9 expression in MDSCs. Taken together, our findings have identified a critical role of miR-9 in regulating the differentiation and function of MDSCs.
CD56brightCD16− NK Cells Produce Adenosine through a CD38-Mediated Pathway and Act as Regulatory Cells Inhibiting Autologous CD4+ T Cell Proliferation
Authors: Morandi Fabio , Horenstein Alberto L. , Chillemi Antonella , Quarona Valeria , Chiesa Sabrina , Imperatori Andrea , Zanellato Silvia , Mortara Lorenzo , Gattorno Marco , Pistoia Vito , Malavasi Fabio 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Recent studies suggested that human CD56brightCD16− NK cells may play a role in the regulation of the immune response. Since the mechanism(s) involved have not yet been elucidated, in the present study we have investigated the role of nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes that regulate the extracellular balance of nucleotides/nucleosides and produce the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine (ADO). Peripheral blood CD56dimCD16+ and CD56brightCD16− NK cells expressed similar levels of CD38. CD39, CD73, and CD157 expression was higher in CD56brightCD16− than in CD56dimCD16+ NK cells. CD57 was mostly expressed by CD56dimCD16+ NK cells. CD203a/PC-1 expression was restricted to CD56brightCD16− NK cells. CD56brightCD16− NK cells produce ADO and inhibit autologous CD4+ T cell proliferation. Such inhibition was 1) reverted pretreating CD56brightCD16− NK cells with a CD38 inhibitor and 2) increased pretreating CD56brightCD16− NK cells with a nucleoside transporter inhibitor, which increase extracellular ADO concentration. CD56brightCD16− NK cells isolated from the synovial fluid of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients failed to inhibit autologous CD4+ T cell proliferation. Such functional impairment could be related to 1) the observed reduced CD38/CD73 expression, 2) a peculiar ADO production kinetics, and 3) a different expression of ADO receptors. In contrast, CD56brightCD16− NK cells isolated from inflammatory pleural effusions display a potent regulatory activity. In conclusion, CD56brightCD16− NK cells act as “regulatory cells” through ADO produced by an ectoenzymes network, with a pivotal role of CD38. This function may be relevant for the modulation of the immune response in physiological and pathological conditions, and it could be impaired during autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
Differential Interaction of the Staphylococcal Toxins Panton–Valentine Leukocidin and γ-Hemolysin CB with Human C5a Receptors
Authors: Spaan András N. , Schiepers Ariën , de Haas Carla J. C. , van Hooijdonk Davy D. J. J. , Badiou Cédric , Contamin Hugues , Vandenesch François , Lina Gérard , Gerard Norma P. , Gerard Craig , van Kessel Kok P. M. , Henry Thomas , van Strijp Jos A. G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is well adapted to the human host. Evasion of the host phagocyte response is critical for successful infection. The staphylococcal bicomponent pore-forming toxins Panton–Valentine leukocidin LukSF-PV (PVL) and γ-hemolysin CB (HlgCB) target human phagocytes through interaction with the complement receptors C5aR1 and C5aR2. Currently, the apparent redundancy of both toxins cannot be adequately addressed in experimental models of infection because mice are resistant to PVL and HlgCB. The molecular basis for species specificity of the two toxins in animal models is not completely understood. We show that PVL and HlgCB feature distinct activity toward neutrophils of different mammalian species, where activity of PVL is found to be restricted to fewer species than that of HlgCB. Overexpression of various mammalian C5a receptors in HEK cells confirms that cytotoxicity toward neutrophils is driven by species-specific interactions of the toxins with C5aR1. By taking advantage of the species-specific engagement of the toxins with their receptors, we demonstrate that PVL and HlgCB differentially interact with human C5aR1 and C5aR2. In addition, binding studies illustrate that different parts of the receptor are involved in the initial binding of the toxin and the subsequent formation of lytic pores. These findings allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of pore formation. Finally, we show that the toxicity of PVL, but not of HlgCB, is neutralized by various C5aR1 antagonists. This study offers directions for the development of improved preclinical models for infection, as well as for the design of drugs antagonizing leukocidin toxicity.