bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Оеверинг  , Oevering Benjamin , Мехтабдин  , Mehtabdin Khalid , Кочиэн  , Kochian Andrew 
Published: February 2014

Higher Education has become the backbone of economic success in rapidly
developing countries such as the United States. This paper looks to analyze the
strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities associated with bettering our
educational system in hopes of having a predeveloped workforce for the 21st
century and beyond. The ability to develop and manage knowledge and practical
skills in conjunction with what real world employers are looking for, would close
the gap between higher education and job success. This streamlining of the
education system would better support businesses as they look to expand, start
new ventures, and develop into companies that supply services or products in
demand by the rest of the world.
It is important that when implementing these recommendations, one does not
restrict students from thinking constructively and innovatively. Innovative
knowledge is critical to the development of processes that will make companies
more efficient in the future. The goal is to enable higher education to foster the
development of workforce better suited for business in the 21st century and a
citizenry able to contribute to the overall well being of society.
This paper does make recommendations that will develop students in a way that
will better prepare them to play integral roles in companies immediately, which
in turn will help build companies and the communities in which they operate.
This will promote a cyclical development of individuals, businesses,
communities, and finally the schools themselves- all which will be critically
important in our modern era and ahead into the future. Overall economic
wellbeing, happiness, and unity among citizens would be the goal with
businesses and schools standing to gain overall cutting edge performance from
their employees and students.
OPERA HIGHLIGHTS
Authors: Strauss Thomas 
Published: February 2014

The OPERA experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment aimed at observing the ν<sub>μ</sub> → ν<sub>τ</sub> neutrino oscillation in the CERN neutrino to Gran Sasso beamline in the appearance mode by detecting the τ-decay. Here I will summarize the results from the run years 2008–10 with an update on observed rare decay topologies and the results of the neutrino velocity measurements.
DARK ENERGY AND KEY PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES
Authors: Bisnovatyi-Kogan Gennady S. , Chernin Artur , Merafina Marco 
Published: February 2014

We study physics of clusters of galaxies embedded in the cosmic dark energy background. The equilibrium and stability of polytropic spheres with equation of state of the matter <em>P = Kp<sup>γ</sup></em>, <em>γ</em> = 1 + 1/n, in presence of a non-zero cosmological constant is investigated. The equilibrium state exists only for central densities <em>p</em><sub>0</sub> larger than the critical value <em>p</em><sub>c</sub> and there are no static solutions at <em>p</em><sub>0</sub>&lt;<em>p</em><sub>c</sub>. At this density the radius of the configuration is equal to the zero-gravity radius, at which the dark matter gravity is balanced by the dark energy antigravity. It is shown, that dark energy reduces the dynamic stability of the configuration. We show that the dynamical effects of dark energy are strong in clusters like the Virgo cluster, which halo radius is close to the zero-gravity radius. It is shown, that the empirical data on clusters like the Virgo cluster or the Coma cluster, are consistent with the assumption that the local density of dark energy on the scale of clusters of galaxies is the same as on the global cosmological scales.
»Jesus« und »Politik«?
Authors: Smit Dirk J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe paper deals with potential ethical implications of contemporary Christological studies. In a first section the argument is made that doctrine and ethics belong together. In the central section, this claim is then illustrated with reference to recent approaches to Christology. Under the theme »Christology and Ethics« six popular approaches are discussed with a view to their respective ethical implications. In each case, representative examples are provided. The six approaches are those that underline living in communion with Christ, that emphasize remembering Jesus, that call for discipleship, that employ the threefold office, that depart from the worship of Christ and that emphasize Christ’s promised future. In a brief final section three conclusions are developed regarding Christology and public theology, or Jesus and politics.
„Steht er jede Ostern auf?“
Authors: Zimmermann Mirjam 
Published: February 2014

ZusammenfassungIn der Grundschule wird auch aufgrund der Osterferien das Thema der Passion Jesu stärker fokussiert als das Thema Auferstehung, obwohl die Bildungspläne das so nicht intendieren. Im Rahmen des Konzepts der Kindertheologie interessiert, basierend auf einer Befragung von 38 Kindern der 5. und 6. Klasse, was Kinder zur Ostergeschichte wissen und wie sie das Fest deuten (Theologie der Kinder), um darüber nachzudenken, in welche Richtung theologische Kompetenz im Rahmen einer Theologie mit und für Kinder/n zu fördern ist.
„Woran dein Herz hängt, das ist dein Gott“
Authors: Kirsner Inge 
Published: February 2014

Zusammenfassung Zur Moderne gehört die - nicht zuletzt von Luther artikulierte - Überzeugung, die materiellen Dinge seien für Glauben und Lebensführung entweder irrelevant oder - im Fetischismus - sogar gefährlich. Diese ‚Abwendung von den Dingen‘ wird durch moderne Literatur wie durch aktuelle Filme in Frage gestellt; sie kann auch philosophisch und praktisch-theologisch bestritten werden. Die Dinge machen die Welt bewohnbar - auch und gerade für den Christusglauben.
Österlich feiern, denken und leben
Authors: Schwier Helmut 
Published: February 2014

ZusammenfassungAus der österlichen Feier, die in besonderer Weise in der Feier der Osternacht wesentliche Dimensionen von Liturgie und Theologie zur Darstellung und zur Erfahrung bringt, erwächst österliches Denken und Leben. Die Osterbotschaft findet - das zeigen ihre musikalischen Realisationen - Resonanz, indem sie Menschen zu einer Glaubenshaltung verhilft und ihnen zur Lebenskunst wird.
On the general linear boundary value problems for impulsive systems with singularities
Authors: Ashordia Malkhaz 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.
The effective sufficient conditions are established for the unique solvability of the general linear boundary value problems for impulsive systems with singularities.
The singularity is understood in the sense that the matrix and vector functions of a continuous (as well as of a discrete) argument which correspond to this system may be nonsummable.
Analogous results are obtained for similar impulsive systems with small parameters.
Effect of Reheat Treatment on Microstructural Refurbishment and Hardness of the As-cast Inconel 738
Authors: Wongbunyakul Piyanut , Visuttipitukkul Patama , Wangyao Panyawat , Lothongkum Gobboon , Sricharoenchai Prasonk 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of rejuvenation heat treatment conditions for refurbishment of the long-term serviced gas turbine blades, which were made of as-cast nickel base superalloy grade, Inconel 738. The reheat treatment conditions consist of solutionizing treatments at temperatures of 1,438, 1,458 and 1,478 K for 14.4 ks and aging treatments at temperatures of 1,133, 1,148 and 1,163 K for 43.2, 86.4, 129.6 and 172.8 ks. The results show that increase in aging times results in continuous increase of size and area fraction of gamma prime (γ′) particles. The higher solutionizing temperature leads to the lower area fraction and smaller size of gamma prime particles. Regarding the microstructure characteristics, the most proper reheat treatment condition should be solutionizing at temperature of 1,438 K for 14.4 ks and aging at temperature of 1,133 K for 172.8 ks, which provides the highest area fraction of gamma prime particles in proper size.
High Temperature Oxidation of Nickel-based Cermet Coatings Composed of Al2O3 and TiO2 Nanosized Particles
Authors: Farrokhzad M. A. , Khan T. I. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNew technological challenges in oil production require materials that can resist high temperature oxidation. In-Situ Combustion (ISC) oil production technique is a new method that uses injection of air and ignition techniques to reduce the viscosity of bitumen in a reservoir and as a result crude bitumen can be produced and extracted from the reservoir. During the in-situ combustion process, production pipes and other mechanical components can be exposed to air-like gaseous environments at extreme temperatures as high as 700 °C. To protect or reduce the surface degradation of pipes and mechanical components used in in-situ combustion, the use of nickel-based ceramic-metallic (cermet) coating produced by co-electrodeposition of nanosized Al2O3 and TiO2 have been suggested and earlier research on these coatings have shown promising oxidation resistance against atmospheric oxygen and combustion gases at elevated temperatures. Co-electrodeposition of nickel-based cermet coatings is a low-cost method that has the benefit of allowing both internal and external surfaces of pipes and components to be coated during a single electroplating process. Research has shown that the volume fraction of dispersed nanosized Al2O3 and TiO2 particles in the nickel matrix which affects the oxidation resistance of the coating can be controlled by the concentration of these particles in the electrolyte solution, as well as the applied current density during electrodeposition. This paper investigates the high temperature oxidation behaviour of novel nanostructured cermet coatings composed of two types of dispersed nanosized ceramic particles (Al2O3 and TiO2) in a nickel matrix and produced by coelectrodeposition technique as a function of the concentration of these particles in the electrolyte solution and applied current density. For this purpose, high temperature oxidation tests were conducted in dry air for 96 hours at 700 °C to obtain mass changes (per unit of area) at specific time intervals. Statistical techniques as described in ASTM G16 were used to formulate the oxidation mass change as a function of time. The cross-section and surface of the oxidized coatings were examined for both visual and chemical analyses using wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (WDS) element mapping, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the volume fraction for each type of particle in the nickel matrix corresponded to its partial molar concentration in the electrolyte solutions. Increase in volume fraction of particles in the nickel matrix was correlated to lower oxidation rates. It was concluded that formation of Ni3TiO5 and NiTiO3 compounds can reduce the oxidation rate of cermet coatings by capturing some inward diffusing oxygen ions resulting in a lower number of nickel cations diffusing upward into the oxide layer.
Microstructure Evolution in Nb-12Si-22Ti-14Cr-2Al2Hf Alloy Fabricated by Directional Solidification
Authors: Su Linfen , Jia Lina , Yuan Sainan , Zhang Huarui , Zhang Hu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this work, the microstructure evolution of the Nb-12Si-22Ti-14Cr-2Al-2Hf alloy (at.%) fabricated by liquidmetal-cooled directional solidification (LMC) was investigated and the solidification behaviors were discussed. The results revealed that the growth rate was of crucial in controlling the microstructure of this alloy and the higher growth rate was beneficial to the formation of metastable phase Nb3Si. The microstructure of non-melted region consisted of NbSS dendrites, NbSS/Nb5Si3 eutectics and Ti-rich NbSS/Cr2Nb eutectics while the microstructure of quasi-steady-state growth region of this alloy consisted of NbSS dendrites, Nb3Si laths and Ti-rich NbSS/Cr2Nb eutectic. Nb3Si had the advantage of nucleation at medium/high growth rate. Therefore, the microstructure evolution occurred in this study was owing to the increase of growth rate.
Electromagnetic Levitation of Silicon and Silicon-Iron Alloy Droplets
Authors: Wu Paul , Yang Yindong , Barati Mansoor , McLean Alex 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the design of an electromagnetic levitation system and a technique for non-conductive silicon heating and conductive silicon levitation is described. The aim of the work is to describe the various parameters including coil design, applied power and specimen weight that govern the temperature of levitated silicon and silicon-iron alloy droplets.
A New Constitutive Model for AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet Deformed at Elevated Temperatures and Various Strain Rates
Authors: Nguyen Duc-Toan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, a new constitutive model is established for AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet at elevated temperatures and strain rates in order to describe two competing mechanisms for deformation, i.e. both work-hardening and softening stage of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet. Stress-strain curves obtained by conducting uni-axial tensile tests at elevated and strain rates were first separated at the maximum stress and corresponding strain values. Voce's law [25] was then employed to fit separated hardening and softening stage. A MATLAB tool is used to determine material parameters by using least square fitting method at various temperatures and strain rate. The mergence of separated work-hardening and softening equations is in good agreement with experimental data. The parameters of fitting curves are utilized to determine them as a function of temperature and strain rate using a surface fitting method. The final equation is then implemented to predict stress-strain curves at various temperatures and strain rates. The proposed equation showed the good comparability between the simulation results and the corresponding experiments.
Effect of Different Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of Sputtered Al Coating on Stainless Steel
Authors: Fu Guangyan , Qi Zeyan , Su Yong , Liu Qun , Guo Xingxing 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAluminum coating on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was prepared by magnetron sputtering method. The specimens were treated with pre-oxidation (PO) or vacuum diffusion annealing (VA). Hot corrosion resistance of the coatings beneath the deposits of Na2SO4 at 1050 °C was investigated. Corrosion products were analyzed by XRD and SEM. Results show that the presence of coating could improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. FeAl phase appeared after VA at 600 °C, which enhanced cohesive force between the coating and the substrate, and reduced the oxidation and sulfidation rate. PO treatment can protect the substrate more effectively than VA treatment for metastable Al2O3 formed during PO treatment can be translated to stable Al2O3 more quickly at high temperatures. The corrosion products of the two kinds of specimens with aluminum coating were both composed of Al2O3, a little amount of FeS and Fe2O3 after 24 h corrosion. Al2O3 was formed mainly in the coatings, FeS was mainly distributed in the interface between coating and substrate of the specimens, and a small amount of FeS was distributed in the substrate. Al2O3 film remained intact after 24 h corrosion, and kept its protective effect on the substrate.
Health profile of urban adolescent girls from India
Authors: Madaan Monika , Agrawal Swati , Puri Manju , Meena Jyoti , Kaur Harvinder , Trivedi Shubha Sagar 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Context: Adolescents comprise 22.5% of the population, which forms a significant part of the entire population. It is only recently that we have acknowledged the need for a separate specialty to handle adolescent problems and ailments.
Aims: The aim of the present study is to study the health profile of the adolescents girls presenting to the tertiary care hospital situated in New Delhi, India.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 316 adolescent girls who presented to the adolescent clinic at Smt Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi. Apart from recording the various health problems to which they presented, a detailed HEADSS assessment was done for each case.
Results: Majority of the adolescents (60.74%) presented with menstrual problems, 78.48% discussed their problems with their parents, and 91.77% agreed on common things with them. About 69.62% were attending school or college, while 30.37% had either left or never attended school. Majority of the adolescents (77.84%) had only a few friends, 62.96% watched TV in their free time, and only 7.27% performed regular exercise. In addition, 0.94% adolescents in the study group were married. Among the 313 unmarried adolescents, 3.83% were dating and 4.47% were sexually active. There was a low incidence of teenage pregnancy (0.94%) reported in the unmarried study population. History of contraceptive use was present in only 1.26% cases, and only 5.06% of the adolescents had knowledge of HIV.
Conclusions: Adolescent health must be viewed with a comprehensive approach comprising of social, mental, physical and emotional aspects. The active involvement of the entire society, including parents and teachers, must also be encouraged towards the healthy development of adolescents.
The Cauchy problem for the heat equation with a random right side
Authors: Kozachenko Yuriy V. , Slyvka-Tylyshchak Anna I. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract.
In this paper the heat equation with a random right side is examined. In particular,
we give conditions for the existence of solutions
in the case when the right side is a random field, sample continuous with
probability one from the space

L
p

(
Ω
)

$L_{p}(\Omega )$

. Estimations for the distribution of the supremum of solutions
of such equations are found.
Characterizing the Dosimetric Properties of MEH-PPV Using Thermoluminescence (TL)
Authors: Ortiz-Morales Alejandro , Gómez-Aguilar Ramón , Ortiz-Lopez Jaime , Cruz-Zaragoza Epifanio 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe thermoluminiscent properties of MEH-PPV and MDMO-PPV conjugated polymers were studied in order to verify if they are suitable for use as TL dosimeter. The dose response that was analyzed cover the wide dose range 0.34-5.44 kGy. The measured glow curves show complex structures which were evaluated with kinetic parameters based on the MO (Mix Order) model together with the CGCD (Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution) homemade program which is useful to understand the mechanisms responsible for TL emission.
Impact of Natural and Synthetic Nanofibres Presence in Polymeric Composites on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Seidl Martin , Bobek Jiří , Habr Jiří , Lenfeld Petr , Běhálek Luboš 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis study deals with evaluation of mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strength), that verified reinforcing potential of nanofibres in polymeric composites and their applicability in dependence on the filler content of nanofibres of natural and synthetic origin. Considering the hydrophilic nature of natural nanofibres and hydrophobic polypropylene matrix was applied chemical modification that ensures effective interlock of nanofibres with the matrix, namely maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and ionic modifier. Polymeric nanocomposites were prepared by twin screw extrusion that made possible mixing of all three components together. After cooling in water bath the composites were cut on pellets and dried for further injection moulding. The specimens were made of two- or three-phase component systems that included PP matrix, coupling agent in the volume of 4 wt.% and reinforcing nanofillers in the volume of 2, 4 and 6 wt.%. The presence of nanoparticles and coupling agents had not unambiguous impact on analysed mechanical properties. Coupling agent presence was dominant for impact strength, however, flexural and tensile properties were influenced mainly by the nanofiller type and origin. The dispersed phase and compatibilizer improved flexural modulus but tensile modulus of pure PP were not achieved by three-phase composite, not even with the highest analysed nanoparticle load. Cellulose fibres proved as more proper than the synthetic ones not only for their biodegradability and renewability but for their better toughness as well.
Nucleation Rate of Capillary Bridges Between Multi-Asperity Surfaces
Authors: Soylemez Emrecan , de Boer Maarten P. , Ashurst W. Robert 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA microcantliever based crack healing experiment is described and utilized in order to study the capillary nucleation rate for typical MEMS surfaces. An advanced test chamber that allows exquisite environmental control is also described and used in this study. Crack healing experiments prove to be a viable experimental technique to investigate the dynamics of capillary nucleation. The effective capillary nucleation time for the multi-asperity surface of microcantilever samples appears to increase logarithmically with adhesion energy.
High Performance IGZO TFTs with Modified Etch Stop Structure on Glass Substrates
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Forough , Chuang Ta-Ko , Kung Jerry Ho , Hatalis Miltiadis K. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present fabrication and characterization of RF sputtered a-IGZO TFTs having a modified etch stopper structure with source/drain contact windows on glass wafers. The effect of annealing time and channel length on device performance in terms of mobility, on/off current ratio, average off current, threshold voltage, and sub threshold slope is reported.
Impact of solar upconversion on photovoltaic cell efficiency: optical models of state-of-the-art solar cells with upconverters
Authors: Kozinsky Inna , Yeng Yi Xiang , Huang Yao 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTCurrent photovoltaic technologies harvest only a fraction of incoming solar energy since they are unable to utilize photons with energies below the cell band gap. Placed behind a solar cell, the upconverter converts transmitted low-energy photons to photons with energies higher than the cell band gap. The higher energy photons are absorbed by the solar cell and contribute to the photocurrent. We developed optical models of several state-of-the-art commercial and research thin-film solar cells incorporating the upconversion layer. We present both analytical models based on published EQE data as well as detailed finite difference time domain (FDTD) models that incorporate absorption in all cell layers. We model the improvement in absorption and overall cell performance of amorphous Si, CIGS, GaAs, CdTe, and Cu2O cells with upconverting layers. We incorporate and discuss the effect of interface texture and different cell layers on the absorption of upconverted photons and make suggestions for improving the overall cell design to get the maximum benefit from upconversion. We estimate that the cell efficiency enhancement can range from 0.5% to up to 5% absolute depending on the cell type and upconversion efficiency. This work connects to the fundamental efficiency limit analysis of narrow-bandwidth solar upconversion by our collaborators [1], but presents concrete optical models of current solar cells and discusses the promise of upconversion for particular applications.