bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related quality of life using intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy
Authors: van Gysen Kirsten L , Kneebone Andrew B , Guo Linxin , Vaux Kenneth J , Lazzaro Enzo M , Eade Thomas N 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionPost‐prostatectomy radiotherapy (PPRT) with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has the potential to decrease toxicity by reducing dose to surrounding structures. We assessed its impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsPPRT patients were enrolled in a prospective HRQoL database. To be eligible, patients were required to be treated with IMRT and have a minimum of 15‐month follow up. HRQoL was assessed at baseline, 3, 9 and 15–24 months using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaire. Higher scores reflected better HRQoL. Results were analysed as both population means and as individual scores where a moderate change was 10–20 points and a substantial change was >20 points.ResultsThere were 64 patients eligible and 83% of the cohort received salvage radiotherapy. Prescribed dose was 64 Gy in 32 fractions for adjuvant and 66 Gy in 33 fractions for salvage IMRT. Mean function scores for urinary, bowel and sexual domains were similar at baseline and 15 months (83.5, 94.2 and 16.9 vs. 82.2, 93.1 and 14.3, respectively). Mean global physical functioning (51.0 vs. 48.1) and mental functioning (51.6 vs. 54.2) showed no difference over time. Individual patient scores by 2 years showed a >20‐point deterioration in urinary (12.5%), bowel (1.6%), sexual function (9.4%), physical functioning (3.1%) and mental functioning (1.6%).ConclusionThis report on HRQoL following post‐prostatectomy IMRT demonstrates no variation in mean scores in any domain and only 1.6% of patients reporting a greater than 20‐point deterioration between baseline and 15–24 months in bowel function.
Reconstruction of Chronic Anterior Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocations Using a Palmaris Longus Autograft
Authors: Crichton Jamie , Talbot Joseph C. , Funk Lennard , Trail Ian 
Published: October 2012

Background Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) injuries are uncommon. A minority of patients with anterior dislocation progress to chronic instability associated with pain and a limitation of activities, and thus surgery should be considered. A retrospective case series of an all anterior reconstruction of the SCJ with autologous palmaris longus is presented. Methods Five consecutive patients underwent SCJ stabilization using a palmaris longus autograft tunnelled through the anterior cortices of the medial clavicle and the manubrium sterni, avoiding posterior dissection of the SCJ and its associated risks. Results Three patients reported a completely stable SCJ after surgery at a mean 28 months postoperatively. One other patient reported improved stability and one reported recurrent instability. All patients had returned to work. The median Oxford Shoulder Score was 42 [interquartile range (IQR) 32 to 42] and the median Rockwood Score was 13 out of 15 (IQR 5 to 14). The median overall subjective satisfaction was 90% and, compared to the contralateral side, median satisfaction was also 90% (IQR 50% to 90%). Discussion The technique is safe and effective for reconstructing chronic anterior SCJ dislocations. The all anterior approach for reconstruction of the SCJ reduces the risk to the structures posterior to the medial clavicle, manubrium sterni or first rib.
Hypermethylation‐repressed methionine adenosyltransferase 1A as a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jin , Gong Chen , Bing Yuntao , Li Ting , Liu Zhisu , Liu Quanyan 
Published: October 2012

AimMethionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) is inactivated in HCC and may be stimulated by an epigenetic change involving promoter hypermethylation in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the possible clinical impact and prognosis of this inactivation have not been investigated.MethodsWe studied the methylation status of the CpG sites in the promoter region and the mRNA and protein expression of MAT1A in HCC and corresponding adjacent non‐tumor tissues using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques.ResultsMAT1A promoter methylation was significantly higher in HCC than that in adjacent non‐tumor tissues (P < 0.0001). Bisulfite sequencing showed that the four CpG sites were hypermethylated in HCC while hypomethylation was found in the corresponding adjacent non‐tumor tissues. Furthermore, MAT1A methylation was significantly associated with protein expression (P = 0.022). Low expression of MAT1A was correlated with larger tumor size, higher tumor–node–metastasis stage, positive hepatitis B surface antigen status and high α‐fetoprotein (AFP) serum levels (P < 0.05). MAT1A promoter methylation was also correlated with high AFP serum level (P < 0.05). In univariate survival analysis, low expression of MAT1A was significantly associated with shortened patient survival (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, MAT1A expression was found as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.016).ConclusionOur observations suggest that hypermethylation of the MAT1A promoter may be one of the events in the development of HCC. Low expression of MAT1A is likely involved in the progression of the tumor and was found to be an independent factor for poor prognosis of patients with HCC.
Nested by design: model fitting and interpretation in a mixed model era
Authors: Schielzeth Holger , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: October 2012

SummaryNested data structures are ubiquitous in the study of ecology and evolution, and such structures need to be modelled appropriately. Mixed‐effects models offer a powerful framework to do so. Nested effects can usually be fitted using the syntax for crossed effects in mixed models, provided that the coding reflects implicit nesting. But the experimental design (either nested or crossed) affects the interpretation of the results.The key difference between nested and crossed effects in mixed models is the estimation and interpretation of the interaction variance. With nested data structures, the interaction variance is pooled with the main effect variance of the nested factor. Crossed designs are required to separate the two components. This difference between nested and crossed data is determined by the experimental design (thus by the nature of data sets) and not by the coding of the statistical model.Data can be nested by design in the sense that it would have been technically feasible and biologically relevant to collect the data in a crossed design. In such cases, the pooling of the variances needs to be clearly acknowledged. In other situations, it might be impractical or even irrelevant to apply a crossed design. We call such situations naturally nested, a case in which the pooling of the interaction variance will be less of an issue.The interpretation of results should reflect the fact that the interaction variance inflates the main effect variance when dealing with nested data structures. Whether or not this distinction is critical depends on the research question and the system under study.We present mixed models as a particularly useful tool for analysing nested designs, and we highlight the value of the estimated random variance as a quantity of biological interest. Important insights can be gained if random‐effect variances are appropriately interpreted. We hope that our paper facilitates the transition from classicalanovas to mixed models in dealing with categorical data.
Habit Reversal Training for Children With Tourette Syndrome: Update and Review
Authors: Hwang Grace C. , Tillberg Caitlin S. , Scahill Lawrence 
Published: October 2012

TopicHabit reversal training (HRT) is emerging as an efficacious behavioral intervention for Tourette syndrome in children and adults.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to review the recent literature investigating the efficacy of HRT for treating children with chronic tic disorders.SourcesThis review examines single‐subject design studies and randomized, controlled trials of HRT conducted in children with chronic tic disorders since 2000.ConclusionsIntervention built on HRT appears to be effective for decreasing tic severity in children and adolescents. Results from a recent multisite trial suggest that incorporation of functional analysis may enhance the effectiveness of traditional HRT.
Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits
Authors: Sjöwall Douglas , Roth Linda , Lindqvist Sofia , Thorell Lisa B. 
Published: October 2012

Background:  The notion that ADHD constitutes a heterogeneous disorder is well accepted. However, this study contributes with new important knowledge by examining independent effects of a large range of neuropsychological deficits. In addition, the study investigated whether deficits in emotional functioning constitute a dissociable component of ADHD.Method:  The study included children with ADHD (n = 102; 7–13 years) and a control sample individually matched with regard to age and gender. The administered tasks were designed to tap into three different neuropsychological domains: executive functions (i.e., working memory, inhibition, and shifting), delay aversion, and reaction time variability. Parent ratings of emotion regulation and a test of emotion recognition were also included.Results:  Children with ADHD differed significantly from controls on all measures, except for delay aversion and recognition of disgust. No main effects of gender or interaction effects of gender and group were found. More importantly, executive functioning, reaction time variability, and emotional functioning all contributed independently to distinguishing between children with ADHD and controls.Conclusions:  The current study supports the view of ADHD as a heterogeneous disorder related to multiple neuropsychological deficits. In addition, emotional functioning appears to be an area of importance for ADHD that needs to be incorporated into future theoretical models.
Evidence‐based practice curriculum in allied health professions for teaching‐research‐practice nexus
Authors: Asokan G. V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAllied healthcare workers are from diverse professions and the key skill required is providing evidence‐based care but this concept has not permeated enough for using it skillfully in their professions. A well structured curriculum in allied health professions is needed to strengthen concerted teaching, research, and practice to empower their professionals and make considerable differences in the lives of people by adopting evidence‐based practice.Information sources for allied health professionals have relied on advice of their supervisors and colleagues, personal experiences, authoritative theory and texts for practice. Because of “research–practice” gap, often the use of evidence is not reflected in an individual day to day professional practice. Although allied health professionals work in resource and evidence challenged settings, there are certain barriers and facilitators, which need to be addressed.To implement practice‐related research findings and uptake of evidence requires two essential components, namely, practical component and knowledge component. Research bench marking and research metrics for quality assurance and standardization through evidence‐based practice will promote academic status and credibility of allied health profession.
Production of Turmeric Oleoresin Microcapsules by Complex Coacervation with Gelatin–Gum Arabic
Authors: Zuanon Larissa Angélica Cirelli , Malacrida Cassia Roberta , Telis Vania Regina Nicoletti 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTurmeric oleoresin is a colorant prepared by solvent extraction of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Curcumin, the major pigment present in turmeric, has been described as a potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticarcinogenic agent. Turmeric pigments are lipid soluble and water insoluble and are sensitive to light, heat, oxygen and pH, which can be overcome by microencapsulation of turmeric oleoresin. The aim of this work was to investigate microencapsulation of turmeric oleoresin by complex coacervation using gelatin and gum Arabic as encapsulants and freeze‐drying as the drying method. The coacervation process was studied by varying the concentration of biopolymer solution (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5%) and the core material : total encapsulant ratio (25, 50, 75 and 100%). Microcapsules were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, morphology, solubility and stability to light. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 49 to 73% and samples produced with 2.5% of wall material and 100% core : encapsulant ratio showed better stability to light.Practical ApplicationsThis paper presents an optimized method to encapsulate turmeric oleoresin by complex coacervation using gelatin and gum Arabic as wall materials, producing dry colorant microcapsules with improved solubility in aqueous formulations.
Unveiling the role of stress in periodontal etiopathogenesis: an evidence‐based review
Authors: Preeja C. , Ambili R. , Nisha K.J. , Seba Abraham , Archana Vilasan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPeriodontal disease is a multifactorial disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, resulting in progressive attachment loss and bone loss. Periodontal disease is influenced by various systemic, environmental, and psychologic factors that have the potential to alter periodontal tissues and host immune response, resulting in more severe periodontal destruction. Several studies have documented the relationship between psychosocial stress and chronic forms of periodontal disease. Stress impairs periodontal health through changes in behavior and complex interactions among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The influence of stress on periodontal disease is affected by the emotional coping skills of the individual. Psychologic stress and depression may also influence the outcome of periodontal therapy. Stressful life events and coping skills are factors to consider in the risk of periodontal disease destruction and the potential for successful periodontal therapy. Therefore psychosocial stress is considered as an important risk factor for periodontal disease, and emotional stress in periodontitis patients should be diagnosed and treatment should be administered for the proper management and successful outcome of periodontal disease.
Comparison of red blood cell parameters in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Jain Kapil , Das Swarga Jyoti , Jain Megha 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies suggest that chronic periodontitis can lead to a decrease in levels of red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin concentration. Smoking is an established risk factor for periodontitis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the various parameters of RBC in the subjects with chronic periodontitis.MethodsA total of 77 males with chronic periodontitis were divided into 38 nonsmokers (group I) and 39 current smokers (group II). Clinical parameters recorded were probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Laboratory blood investigations included hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.ResultsIn group II probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher than in group I. The RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume were significantly lower in group II compared to group I. While the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were comparable in both the groups.ConclusionSmoking may have an effect on levels of various RBC parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Self‐Regulation and Mechanisms of Action in Psychotherapy: A Theory‐Based Translational Perspective
Authors: Strauman Timothy J. , Goetz Elena L. , Detloff Allison M. , MacDuffie Katherine E. , Zaunmüller Luisa , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPsychotherapy is a complex, multilayered process with the potential to bring about changes at multiple levels of functioning, from the neurobiology of the brain to the individual's role in the social world. Although studies of the mechanisms by which psychotherapy leads to change continue to appear, there remains much to be learned about how psychological interventions work. To guide explorations of how and for whom particular treatment approaches lead to change, researchers can rely on theory to identify potential loci for change and on translational research methods to integrate basic behavioral science and neuroscience with clinical science. In this article, we describe research linking individual differences in the self‐regulation of personal goal pursuit with the etiology and treatment of mood disorders. The research draws upon regulatory focus theory as a model of self‐regulation and on microintervention designs—controlled laboratory investigations of a specific therapeutic technique—to generate and test hypotheses about how psychological interventions can help to reverse maladaptive self‐regulatory processes.
Eriksonian Personality Research and Its Implications for Psychotherapy
Authors: Marcia James , Josselson Ruthellen 
Published: October 2012

AbstractErikson's comprehensive theory of human development has been empirically validated by personality researchers who have taken a status approach to the adult stages of the life cycle: Identity, Intimacy, Generativity, and Integrity. An understanding of these stages has implications for psychotherapy. Erikson's theory provides a descriptive language for where the individual stands currently within a psychosocial developmental context, where he/she might have gotten “stuck” in the past, and where she/he is heading in terms of developmental goals. This article attempts to link the empirical research on Erikson's developmental theory with an approach to therapeutic intervention that could be utilized by therapists from an array of therapeutic approaches. The authors, who are developmental, personality and clinical psychologists, illustrate the use of Eriksonian personality theory in psychotherapy by discussing case examples from their own psychotherapy practices.
Affective Response of Adolescents toward Fruit‐ and Vegetable‐Based Snacks and the Role of Neophobia, Gender and Age
Authors: Mielby L.H. , Nørgaard M.K. , Edelenbos M. , Thybo A.K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAdolescents' (n = 278, 10–16 years old) affective response toward snack combinations prepared based on four approaches was studied: (1) combining one or more colors in a snack; (2) adding energy‐dense food sources to an energy low vegetable snack; (3) combining fruits and vegetables with savory and sweet snack products; and (4) creating surprising snack combinations by adding sensory sensations not anticipated from visual cues. The effect of neophobia, gender and age on response toward the snack combinations and difference between expected liking and actual liking was investigated. The only approach, which was proven partly successful, was adding energy‐dense food sources to an energy low vegetable snack. Otherwise, the pure fruit or vegetable combinations received the highest affective responses. Effects of neophobia and gender on the affective response were found. Expected liking was rated higher than actual liking except for snack combinations prepared based on approach 4.Practical ApplicationsThis paper describes adolescents' affective response toward fruit‐ and vegetable‐based snack combinations prepared as examples of four different approaches. The results show an effect of gender and level of neophobia on adolescents' affective response toward the snacks. These results are important as they show the importance of tailoring snacks to different groups of adolescents as these might have different acceptances for fruit‐ and vegetable‐based snacks.
Melatonin potentiates running wheel‐induced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult C3H/HeN mice hippocampus
Authors: Liu Jiabei , Somera‐Molina Kathleen C. , Hudson Randall L. , Dubocovich Margarita L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study assessed the role of melatonin in modulating running wheel(RW)‐induced hippocampal neurogenesis in adult C3H/HeN mice. Chronic melatonin (0.02 mg/mL, oral for 12 days) treatment did not affect cell proliferation or cell survival determined by the number of BrdU‐positive cells in dentate gyrus of mice with access to fixed wheel (FW). RW activity significantly increased cell proliferation [RW (n = 8) versus FW (n = 6): dorsal, 199 ± 18 versus 125 ± 12, P < 0.01; ventral, 211 ± 15 versus 123 ± 13, P < 0.01] and newborn cell survival [RW (n = 7) versus FW (n = 8): dorsal, 45 ± 8.5 versus 15 ± 1.8, P < 0.01; ventral, 48 ± 8.1 versus 15 ± 1.4)] in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. Oral melatonin treatment further potentiated RW activity‐induced cell survival in both areas of the dentate gyrus [melatonin (n = 10) versus vehicle (n = 7): dorsal, 63 ± 5.4 versus 45 ± 8.5 P < 0.05; ventral, 75 ± 7.9 versus 48 ± 8.1, P < 0.01] and neurogenesis [melatonin (n = 8) versus vehicle (n = 8): dorsal, 46 ± 3.4, versus 34 ± 4.5, P < 0.05; ventral, 41 ± 3.4 versus 25 ± 2.4, P < 0.01]. We conclude that melatonin potentiates RW‐induced hippocampal neurogenesis by enhancing neuronal survival suggesting that the combination of physical exercise and melatonin may be an effective treatment for diseases affecting the hippocampus neurogenesis.
Auditory hallucinations as a personal experience: analysis of non‐psychiatric voice hearers’ narrations
Authors: Faccio E. , Romaioli D. , Dagani J. , Cipolletta S. 
Published: October 2012

Accessible summary
Auditory hallucinations are voices heard speaking with the hearer or discussing his or her thoughts or behaviours.
They are common also among non‐psychiatric population and may be a positive experience.
These hallucinations cannot be considered merely as symptoms because they may have an adaptive function.
We should avoid trying to helping voice hearers to eliminate or deny voices, and rather we should help them to feel allowed to preserve their voices.
AbstractThis exploratory research investigates the phenomenon of non‐psychiatric auditory hallucinations from the perspective of the voice hearer, evaluating the possibility that this experience can contribute the maintenance and adaptation of the hearer's personal identity system. A semi‐structured interview was administered to 10 Italian voice hearers, six men and four women, aged 18–65 years, who had never been in contact with any mental health services because of the voices, even though some of them had been hearing voices for decades. Participants were not distressed or worried about the voices; on the contrary they developed their own understanding, personal coping resources and beliefs in relation to the positive functions of the voices. These results indicate that voices cannot be considered merely as symptoms, but may be seen also as adaptation systems. Consequently, we should avoid trying to helping voice hearers to eliminate or deny voices, and rather we should help them to feel allowed to preserve them.