bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse Models of Human Cancer
Authors: Böck Barbara C. , Stein Ulrike , Schmitt Clemens A. , Augustin Hellmut G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Helmholtz Alliance Preclinical Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC; www.helmholtz-pccc.de) hosted the “1st International Kloster Seeon Meeting on Mouse Models of Human Cancer” in the Seeon monastery (Germany) from March 8 to 11, 2014. The meeting focused on the development and application of novel mouse models in tumor research and high-throughput technologies to overcome one of the most critical bottlenecks in translational bench-to-bedside tumor biology research. Moreover, the participants discussed basic molecular mechanisms underlying tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, which are the prerequisite for the development of novel treatment strategies and clinical applications in cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 74(17); 4671–5. ©2014 AACR.
Red Cell Distribution Width Is Associated With Incident Myocardial Infarction in a General Population: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Skjelbakken Tove , Lappegård Jostein , Ellingsen Trygve S. , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth , Brox Jan , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Njølstad Inger , Wilsgaard Tom , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John‐Bjarne 
Published: August 2014

Background
Red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of the variability in size of circulating erythrocytes, is associated with mortality and adverse outcome in selected populations with cardiovascular disease. It is scarcely known whether RDW is associated with incident myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to investigate whether RDW was associated with risk of first‐ever MI in a large cohort study with participants recruited from a general population.

Methods and Results
Baseline characteristics, including RDW, were collected for 25 612 participants in the Tromsø Study in 1994–1995. Incident MI during follow‐up was registered from inclusion through December 31, 2010. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for MI, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets, and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 1779 participants experienced a first‐ever MI during a median follow‐up time of 15.8 years. There was a linear association between RDW and risk of MI, for which a 1% increment in RDW was associated with a 13% increased risk (hazard ratio 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.19). Participants with RDW above the 95th percentile had 71% higher risk of MI compared with those with RDW in the lowest quintile (hazard ratio 1.71; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.20). All effect estimates were essentially similar after exclusion of participants with anemia (n=1297) from the analyses.

Conclusion
RDW is associated with incident MI in a general population independent of anemia and cardiovascular risk factors.
A 1/4°-Spatial-Resolution Daily Sea Surface Temperature Climatology Based on a Blended Satellite and in situ Analysis
Authors: Banzon Viva F. , Reynolds Richard W. , Stokes Diane , Xue Yan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A new sea surface temperature (SST) climatological mean was constructed using the first 30 years (1982–2011) of the NOAA daily optimum interpolation (OI) SST. The daily analysis blends in situ and satellite data on a ¼° (~25 km) spatial grid. Use of an analysis allows computation of a climatological value for all ocean grid points, even those without observations. Comparisons were made with a monthly, 1°-spatial-resolution climatology produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, computed primarily from the NOAA weekly OISST. Both climatologies were found to provide a good representation of major oceanic features and the annual temperature cycle. However, the daily climatology showed tighter gradients along western boundary currents and better resolution along coastlines. The two climatologies differed by over 0.6°C in high-SST-gradient regions because of resolution differences. The two climatologies also differed at very high latitudes, where the sea ice processing differed between the OISST products. In persistently cloudy areas, the new climatology was generally cooler by approximately 0.4°C, probably reflecting differences between the input satellite SSTs to the two analyses. Since the new climatology represents mean conditions at scales that match the daily analysis, it would be more appropriate for computing the corresponding daily anomalies.
Measuring Individual Differences in Driver Inattention
Authors: Ledesma Rubén Daniel , Montes Silvana Andrea , Poó Fernando Martín , López-Ramón María Fernanda 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The aim of this research was (a) to study driver inattention as a trait-like variable and (b) to provide new evidence of validity for the Attention-Related Driving Errors Scale (ARDES). Background: Driving inattention is approached from an individual differences perspective. We are interested in how drivers vary in their propensity to experience failures of attention and in the methods to measure these differences. Method: In a first sample ( n = 301), we tested, via confirmatory factor analysis, a new theoretical model for the ARDES. In a second sample ( n = 201), we evaluated the relationship between inattention and internal and external sources of distraction and social desirability bias in ARDES responses. A subsample ( n = 65) was reevaluated to study temporal stability of the ARDES scores. Results: Errors measured by the ARDES can be classified according to the driving task level at which they occur (navigation, maneuvering, or control). Differences in ARDES scores based on collision history were observed. ARDES was related to internal sources of distraction and was independent of the level of exposure to distracting activities. Test-retest showed a high degree of stability in ARDES scores. Low correlations were found with a social desirability measure. Conclusion: ARDES appears to measure a personal trait that remains relatively stable over time and is relatively independent of distracting activities. New evidence of validity emerged for this self-report. Application: ARDES can be used to measure individual differences in driving inattention and to help tailor preventive interventions for inattentive drivers. It can serve as an instrument of driver self-assessment in educational and training contexts.
The Effect of Duty Hour Regulation on Resident Surgical Case Volume in Otolaryngology
Authors: Curtis Stuart H. , Miller Robert H. , Weng Cindy , Gurgel Richard K. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveEvaluate the effect of duty hour regulation on graduating otolaryngology resident surgical case volume and analyze trends in surgical case volume for Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) key indicator cases from 1996 to 2011.Study DesignTime‐trend analysis of surgical case volume.SettingNationwide sample of otolaryngology residency programs.SubjectsOperative logs from the American Board of Otolaryngology and ACGME for otolaryngology residents graduating in the years 1996 to 2011.MethodsKey indicator volumes and grouped domain volumes before and after resident duty hour regulations (2003) were calculated and compared. Independent t test was performed to evaluate overall difference in operative volume. Wilcoxon rank sum test evaluated differences between procedures per time period. Linear regression evaluated trend.ResultsThe average total number of key indicator cases per graduating resident was 440.8 in 1996‐2003 compared to 500.4 cases in 2004‐2011, and overall average per number of key indicators was 31.5 and 36.2, respectively (P =. 067). Four key indicator cases showed statistically significant (P <. 05) increases in volume after duty hour implementation. General/pediatrics was the only grouped domain to show a significant increase. In contrast, the rate of change in operative volume decreased post duty hour for only 2 key indicators (P <. 05). The year‐by‐year trend in average operative volume showed significant increases for 5 key indicator cases (P <. 05).ConclusionImplementation of the 2003 duty hour regulations has not reduced total volume of key indicator cases for graduating otolaryngology residents. The overall trend in operative volume is increasing for several specific key indicators.
Outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in a tertiary-care center in Pakistan
Authors: Sheikh Maryam Rahim , Khan Muhammad Shahjahan , Saeed Zeb , Furnaz Shumaila , Sharif Hasanat 
Published: August 2014

Background Coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention are revascularization options for significant coronary artery disease. While international data support the use of coronary artery bypass in high-risk groups, regional data on outcomes in these groups are rare. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass for left main and multivessel disease. Methods Two thousand eight hundred and fifty-one patients undergoing coronary artery bypass at the Aga Khan University Hospital from 2006 to 2013 were included; patients undergoing redo surgery were excluded. Demographic data, comorbidities, angiography findings, in-hospital complications, one-month and one-year follow-up were analyzed. Results Of the 2851 patients, 568 had left main disease (group 1) and 2283 (group 2) had multivessel disease (≥2 vessels excluding the left main). Group 1 had significantly more chronic lung disease, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure than group 2 ( p < 0.001); 50.6% of patients were diabetic and 71.8% were hypertensive. Mortality was 5.1% and 2.2% during hospital stay, 6.5% and 2.6% at 30 days, and 6.7% and 2.7% at 1 year in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion Our comparable results and international data advocate revision of the current practice of using percutaneous coronary intervention over coronary artery bypass in the developing world. Institutional results are essential to determine the outcome of coronary artery bypass in high-risk populations with a high burden of diabetes and hypertension. We noted increased complications and mortality in patients with left main rather than multivessel disease.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of varicosity treatment in the context of truncal vein ablation
Authors: Lane TRA , Onida S , Gohel MS , Franklin IJ , Davies AH 
Published: August 2014

Background With the advent of endovenous truncal ablation under local anaesthetic for the treatment of varicose veins, the fate of varicosed tributaries has become controversial, with centres offering different timings of treatment, if offered at all. This study aims to review the literature assessing delayed and simultaneous varicosity treatment during truncal ablation. Methods Randomised trials and cohort studies concerning varicosity treatment timing were identified through a systematic literature search. Requirements for further treatment, quality of life and rate of venous thrombotic events were assessed for meta-analysis. Results Four studies were identified assessing need for further varicosity procedure, with no significant difference seen between simultaneous or delayed treatment ( p = 0.339). Two studies assessed quality of life, with simultaneous treatment providing significantly improved outcomes at six weeks ( p = 0.029) but not at 12 weeks ( p = 0.283). Studies examining venous thrombotic events showed no difference in venous thromboembolism rate between simultaneous or delayed treatment approaches ( p = 0.078). Conclusion The evidence base regarding timing of varicosity treatment is sparse; however, it does show that simultaneous treatment of varicosities leads to early gains in quality of life, with a non-significant trend for fewer further procedures but more venous thrombotic events.
One-year dynamic MRI follow-up after vaginal mesh repair: evaluation of clinical, radiological, and quality-of-life results
Authors: Brocker Kerstin A , Alt Celine D , Rzepka Jakub , Sohn Christof , Hallscheidt Peter 
Published: August 2014

Background Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common disorder in elderly women often surgically repaired with alloplastic meshes; yet knowledge of the pelvic floor behavior and multi-compartment defects postoperatively is scarce. Purpose To evaluate the 1-year outcome after mesh repair in patients with POP using clinical examination (CE), dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), and the prolapse quality-of-life (P-QOL) questionnaire. Material and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted of 69 women undergoing pelvic mesh surgery. Clinical examination, dMRI, and the P-QOL questionnaire were applied before and after surgery to evaluate POP. Mean outcome measures were POP outcome as determined on clinical and dMRI examinations and its impact on quality of life. Statistical results were obtained with SPSS version 15.0. ANOVA was used to compare pre-/postsurgical quality of life data. Results Sixty-nine women (mean age, 64.75 years; BMI, 26.75 kg/m2; postmenopausal, 89.2%) were recruited and treated with Seratom® or Perigee™ mesh implants. A significant improvement in the position of bladder neck, vaginal vault/uterus, pouch of Douglas, and rectum was found 12 weeks and 1 year after surgery using POP-Q scale and dMRI. Advanced cystoceles and enteroceles seem underestimated by CE using the POP-Q system compared to dMRI results ( P = 0.003 and P < 0.001), vice versa dMRI overestimated POP compared to CE. Sixty-four women completed the P-QOL questionnaire, presenting reduced quality of life before surgery which improves postsurgically. Prolapse impact and physical, social, and role limitations correlated strongest with a low quality of life ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The 1-year follow-up after mesh repair showed statistical and clinical improvement for all tools employed. dMRI seems a reliable tool for simultaneous assessment of defects in all three compartments, but tends to overestimate POP compared to clinical examination.
What efficacy measures are clinically relevant and should be used in Cochrane Reviews of acute migraine trials? A viewpoint
Authors: Tfelt-Hansen Peer 
Published: August 2014

Background Cochrane Reviews are methodologically of high quality but the clinical relevance of analysed efficacy measures (EMs) should also be assessed. Methods The clinical relevance of EMs used in one systematic Cochrane review of oral zolmitriptan for migraine headache was evaluated. Results The following EMs were used: pain free at two hours (30%), headache relief at two hours (60%), sustained pain free for 24 hours (19%) and sustained headache relief for 24 hours (39%). These EMs were also used in four other Cochrane reviews of acute migraine treatment. Of these EMs sustained headache relief for 24 h is not judged clinically relevant. Conclusion Pain free and sustained pain free are clinically relevant, but the responses are rather low, demonstrating that there is a need for improvement of acute drug treatment in migraine.
Medical Resident Choices of Electronic Drug Information Resources
Authors: Hughes Gregory J. , Patel Priti , Mason Christopher 
Published: August 2014

Objective: To determine medical residents’ day-to-day use of drug information resources since their choices of these resources, when faced with common questions, are unknown. Methods: An online survey including simulated drug information questions was administered to 146 medical residents in the Department of General Internal Medicine during July 2012. Residents were given a wide range of choices in drug information resources to answer these questions and were instructed to select what they would choose in actual practice. A score was assigned to each resource corresponding to a “best,” “intermediate,” or “not good” choice. Results: Seventy-three respondents completed the survey and results were analyzed for statistical significance. Fifty-seven percent of respondents reported receiving no formal training regarding drug information. Statistical analyses revealed there were no significant differences in performance based on postgraduate year ( P = .43) or extent of prior training ( P = .45). Individual question responses revealed a generally infrequent selection of “best” choices. Less than 10% of the respondents chose the “best” answer for drug information questions related to drug interactions, herbal supplements, adverse events, and medication identification. Conclusion: Further training in drug information resource selection is warranted in the medical residency program to increase the frequency of use of higher quality resources.
Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Hayashi A P , Solis M Y , Sapienza M T , Otaduy M C G , de Sá Pinto A L , Silva C A , Sallum A M E , Pereira R M R , Gualano B 
Published: August 2014

Introduction Creatine supplementation has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy to counteract muscle dysfunction and low lean mass in a variety of conditions, including in pediatric and rheumatic diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (C-SLE). Methods C-SLE patients with mild disease activity ( n = 15) received placebo or creatine supplementation in a randomized fashion using a crossover, double-blind, repeated-measures design. The participants were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks in each arm, interspersed by an eight-week washout period. The primary outcomes were muscle function, as assessed by a battery of tests including one-maximum repetition (1-RM) tests, the timed-up-and-go test, the timed-stands test, and the handgrip test. Secondary outcomes included body composition, biochemical markers of bone remodeling, aerobic conditioning, quality of life, and physical capacity. Possible differences in dietary intake were assessed by three 24-hour dietary recalls. Muscle phosphorylcreatine content was measured through phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31 P-MRS). The safety of the intervention was assessed by laboratory parameters, and kidney function was measured by 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Additionally, self-reported adverse events were recorded throughout the trial. Results Intramuscular phosphorylcreatine content was not significantly different between creatine and placebo before or after the intervention (creatine-Pre: 20.5 ± 2.6, Post: 20.4 ± 4.1, placebo-Pre: 19.8 ± 2.0; Post: 20.2 ± 3.2 mmol/kg wet muscle; p = 0.70 for interaction between conditions). In addition, probably as a consequence of the lack of change in intramuscular phosphorylcreatine content, there were no significant changes between placebo and creatine for any muscle function and aerobic conditioning parameters, lean mass, fat mass, bone mass, and quality of life scores ( p > 0.05). The 51Cr-EDTA clearance was not altered by creatine supplementation and no side effects were noticed. Conclusion A 12-week creatine supplementation protocol at 0.1 g/kg/d is well tolerated and free of adverse effects but did not affect intramuscular phosphorylcreatine, muscle function, free-fat mass or quality of life in non-active C-SLE patients. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01217320.
An evaluation of the independence of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales
Authors: Williams Bob , Speak Barry , Hay Paula , Muncer Steven J 
Published: August 2014

Objective: In this study the independence of the scales/items in the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) was empirically investigated. Method: Parallel analysis using random column permutation and bootstrapping were used to compare the factor structure, intercorrelations and Cronbach’s alpha from the original HoNOS study and also recently collected HoNOS ratings. Random permutation ensures that the data has the same distributions as the data it is based on, but that the variables are now independent. Results: It is shown that both of the real HoNOS data sets are significantly different to the independent items data in many ways. An examination of fit statistics from confirmatory factor analysis is also used to show that the independence model is a very poor fit to the data. Conclusions: It is clear that the 12 HoNOS scales are unlikely to be independent. There is a need for more research to clarify the appropriate structure of HoNOS, and also to consider whether some of the items need either replacing or augmenting.
Madness at the movies: prioritised movies for self-directed learning by medical students
Authors: Wilson Nick , Heath Deb , Heath Tim , Gallagher Peter , Huthwaite Mark 
Published: August 2014

Objective: We aimed to systematically compile a list of 10 movies to facilitate self-directed learning in psychiatry by medical students. Method: The selected areas were those of the top five mental health conditions from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. The search strategy for movies covered an extensive range of sources (published literature and websites), followed by closer examination and critical viewing of a sample. Results: Out of a total of 503 potential movies that were identified, 23 were selected for viewing and more detailed critique. The final top 10 were: for depressive and anxiety disorders: Ordinary People (1980), Silver Linings Playbook (2012); for illicit drug use: Trainspotting (1996), Winter’s Bone (2010), Rachel Getting Married (2008), Half Nelson (2006); for alcohol use disorders: Another Year (2010), Passion Fish (1992); and for schizophrenia: The Devil and Daniel Johnston (2006), and An Angel at My Table (1990). Conclusions: The final selection of 10 movies all appeared to have relatively high entertainment value together with rich content in terms of psychiatric themes. Further research could evaluate the extent to which medical students actually watch such movies, by assessing the level of withdrawals from a medical school library and surveying student responses.
Prognostic Value of Computed Tomography Classification Systems for Intra-articular Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Swords Michael P. , Alton Timothy B. , Holt Sarah , Sangeorzan Bruce J. , Shank John R. , Benirschke Stephen K. 
Published: August 2014

Background: There are several published computed tomography (CT) classification systems for calcaneus fractures, each validated by a different standard. The goal of this study was to measure which system would best predict clinical outcomes as measured by a widely used and validated musculoskeletal health status questionnaire. Methods: Forty-nine patients with isolated intra-articular joint depression calcaneus fractures more than 2 years after treatment were identified. All had preoperative CT studies and were treated with open reduction and plate fixation using a lateral extensile approach. Four different blinded reviewers classified injuries according to the CT classification systems of Crosby and Fitzgibbons, Eastwood, and Sanders. Functional outcomes evaluated with a Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (MFA). The mean follow-up was 4.3 years. Results: The mean MFA score was 15.7 (SD = 11.6), which is not significantly different from published values for midfoot injuries, hindfoot injuries, or both, 1 year after injury (mean = 22.1, SD = 18.4). The classification systems of Crosby and Fitzgibbons, Eastwood, and Sanders, the number of fragments of the posterior facet, and payer status were not significantly associated with outcome as determined by the MFA. The Sanders classification trended toward significance. Anterior process comminution and surgeon’s overall impression of severity were significantly associated with functional outcome. Conclusions: The amount of anterior process comminution was an important determinant of functional outcome with increasing anterior process comminution significantly associated with worsened functional outcome ( P = .04). In addition, the surgeon’s overall impression of severity of injury was predictive of functional outcome ( P = .02), as determined by MFA. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.