bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the antennal dorsal organ in female ofNeodryinus typhlocybae(Hymenoptera:Dryinidae): A peculiar sensory structure possibly involved in perception of host vibration
Authors: Riolo Paola , Isidoro Nunzio , Ruschioni Sara , Minuz Roxana L. , Bin Ferdinando , Romani Roberto 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTNeodryinus typhlocybae(Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) is a natural enemy of the planthopperMetcalfa pruinosa, which was introduced from North America into Europe and has become established in various regions as a pest species. Vibrational signals play a crucial role in the communication ofM.pruinosa, which appears to be exploited byN.typhlocybae. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have shown that the antennae ofN.typhlocybaefemales have peculiar and complex sensory structures: deep longitudinal grooves that house long sensilla trichodea, termed here “Antennal Dorsal Organs.” Such structures were not present on male antennae. These sensilla extend for the length of the grooves, without contact with the groove cuticle. Their hair shaft is empty and aporous, and inserted into a specialized socket, underneath which there is a cuticular ampulla‐like chamber. Each sensillum is associated with two sensory neurons: one terminates at the proximal end of the dendritic sheath; the other continues into the sensillum sinus and is enclosed in the dendritic sheath. This second sensory neuron then enters the ampulla‐like chamber through the circular opening, and then terminates with a conspicuous tubular body at the shaft base. The possible involvement of this peculiar structure in the context of host recognition mechanism is discussed. J. Morphol. 277:128–137, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analytical fingerprint and chemometrics as phytochemical composition control tools in food supplement analysis: characterization of raspberry bud preparations of different cultivars
Authors: Donno Dario , Beccaro Gabriele L , Carlen Christoph , Ançay André , Cerutti Alessandro K , Mellano Maria Gabriella , Bounous Giancarlo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., provides several plant parts (as buds) used for food supplements. The aim of this research was to establish a technique for chemical composition control of R. idaeus herbal preparations, using chromatographic methods. These methods allowed us to identify and quantify the main phytochemicals, obtaining a specific phytochemical fingerprint (phytocomplex). Combined with two different chemometric methods – clustering analysis and principal component analysis – the raspberry bud extracts of the different cultivars were efficiently characterized.RESULTSRubus idaeus buds were identified as a rich source of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant compounds: organic acids, vitamins and catechins were found to be the most discriminating variables by chemometric techniques to differentiate raspberry cultivars. In particular, catechins (13.25%) and flavonols (8.71%) were the most important polyphenolic classes, followed by cinnamic and benzoic acids.CONCLUSIONThis study developed a useful tool for R. idaeus extract phytochemical characterization that could be applied also for differentiation and composition control of other herbal preparations. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Microenvironment Effects on the Kinetics of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Bispyridinium Conformers
Authors: Vanzin Douglas , Fiori Simone , França Biondo Polyana B. , Feltrim Gisele , Gracetto Augusto C. , Tessaro André L. , Politi Mario José , Caetano Wilker , Hioka Noboru 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe alkaline hydrolysis of a series of homologous reactants constituted by two reactive centers bridged by a methylene spacers chain, the 1,n‐bis(2‐azidepyridinium)alkanes (n = 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8), is investigated. The reaction under pseudo–first‐order condition was followed by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The presence of clear isosbestic point suggests the absence of stable intermediates. However, the intermediates 1‐(2‐azidepyridinium), n‐(2‐pyridone)alkanes (monocationic compounds), were isolated and characterized as well the reaction end products 1,n‐(2‐pyridone)alkanes (noncharged compounds). The kinetic analysis fitted to a two‐step consecutive reaction, where the k1/k2 values demonstrate the larger reactivity of the first step over the second one, especially for shorter bridged reactants. The OH− reaction order is one for each step. Although Debye–Hückel law was obeyed, the experimental point at ionic strength zero is much higher than the extrapolated one. In addition, the k1 values substantially decrease as KCl is added especially for shorter homologous whereas the effect on k2 is almost negligible. Simple charge density effects as a function of the spacer's length do not explain the observations. On the other hand, from the pronounced anion selectivity inhibition effects on k1 for the shorter derivatives, the existence of an equilibrium involving a conformer, a “sandwich‐type” complex with the OH− between the two pyridinium rings, with an “open‐stretched” conformer is proposed. For short‐bridged reactants, the complex conformer prevails whereas for long‐bridged compounds the stretched structure prevails. The results in acetonitrile/water seem to reflect changes in the equilibrium. The reaction is controlled by the balance between enthalpy and entropy. The contribution of the activation entropy in a short‐bridged reactant is higher than the long‐bridged one, which suggests an activated complex with high structural organization in the first reactants.
Simple methods for interactive 3D modeling, measurements, and digital databases of coral skeletons
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Heredia L. , D'Helft C. , Reynaud E. G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCoral studies rely on comparative research between several reference coral skeletons and living organisms imaged on reefs. However, many of these skeletons are part of collections, making extensive comparative works difficult. Nowadays, imaging technologies and image processing approaches allow acquisition of three‐dimensional (3D) datasets that can be converted to virtual models. These models can be made easily accessible and shared among collaborators or researchers using the Internet. Here, we compare high cost and low cost technologies on coral skeletons as well as imaging phantoms for accurate reference. We generated 3D models that were compared. Even though CT scanning and photogrammetry are the most accurate methods the latter is far less costly. It also allows for texture mapping, an essential tool in the field, and easy dataset handling. We submitted these 3D virtual models to experts for taxonomical identification, and they identified all specimens accurately. Finally, we further discuss applicability of our approach on museum collections, living corals, and field work.
Effect of thermal oxidation on the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy in hydrochloric and nitric acid medium
Authors: Jamesh M. , Kumar Satendra , Narayanan T. S. N. Sankara , Chu P. K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe characteristics of Ti6Al4V alloy subjected to thermal oxidation in air atmosphere at 650 °C for 48 h and its corrosion behavior in 0.1 and 4 M HCl and HNO3 medium are addressed. When compared to the naturally formed oxide layer (∼4–6 nm), a relatively thicker oxide scale (∼7 µm) is formed throughout the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy after thermal oxidation. XRD pattern disclose the formation of the rutile and oxygen‐diffused titanium as the predominant phases. A significant improvement in the hardness (from 324 ± 8 to 985 ± 40 HV0.25) is observed due to the formation of hard oxide layer on the surface followed by the presence of an oxygen diffusion zone beneath it. Electrochemical studies reveal that the thermally oxidized Ti6Al4V alloy offers a better corrosion resistance than its untreated counterpart in both HCl and HNO3 medium. The uniform surface coverage, compactness and thickness of the oxide layer provide an effective barrier towards corrosion of the Ti6Al4V alloy. The study concludes that thermal oxidation is an effective approach to engineer the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy to increase its corrosion resistance in HCl and HNO3 medium.
Design for inspection of concrete bridges
Authors: Vogel T. , Schellenberg K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn order to achieve durable concrete bridges, adequate measures need to be considered already in the design phase. An evaluation of common deteriorations in concrete structures leads to the conclusion that visual inspection is and will remain the method to be applied first. More refined and complementing methods will result in similar requirements for design. Therefore, the role of inspections in bridge management has to be identified and future methods of inspection and condition survey have to be anticipated. The main focus is a safe and convenient access to all concrete surfaces, hollow boxes, and decisive structural parts like bearings and expansion joints. Some of those measures are even worth to be considered for existing bridges when these are significantly modified due to bad conditions or new requirements.
On‐site corrosion rate measurements: 3D simulation and representative values
Authors: Andrade C. , Sanchez J. , Fullea J. , Rebolledo N. , Tavares F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe corrosion of reinforcement can be detected and its evolution quantified through the polarization resistance, Rp, which enables to calculate the instantaneous corrosion rate. In large structures, the determination of the Rp method uses a small counter electrode and the current applied attenuates with the distance, which makes unknown the area polarized. Two main solutions have been applied to overcome this limitation: to use a guard ring (GR) to confine the current to a prefixed area or to measure the bar length polarized by the current. In present work, a 3D numerical simulation is presented using the program COMSOL Multiphysics. Three cases are studied: no confinement, non‐modulated confinement, and modulated confinement of the current. In the results, it is illustrated that only when the GR is correctly modulated, the correct homogeneous distribution is achieved and the critical length is well confined in the area below the circle passing underneath the “confinement controller electrodes”. In a second part, the paper presented the manner to obtain an annual representative value of the corrosion rate through the integration of the instantaneous Icorr values.
Role of the interface oxide film/alloy composition and stability of stainless steels
Authors: Rossi A. , Elsener B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a powerful method for investigating composition and thickness of thin films in the nanometer range, has been used to characterize the surface of two stainless steels with different bulk composition, DIN 1.4301 (18%Cr 8%Ni) and DIN 1.4529 (20%Cr 25%Ni 6%Mo) after mechanical polishing and after potentiostatic passivation in a wide range of potentials in sulfate solutions at different pHs. The XPS results confirm that the passive film thickness increases with applied potential, its composition is enriched in chromium oxy‐hydroxide after immersion in acidic solutions and polarization at low potentials whereas oxidized nickel is depleted. Special emphasis is given in this paper to the composition of the metal phase underneath the passive film. It is shown that the composition of the interface is strongly enriched in nickel for both stainless steels being 28 ± 2 wt% Ni versus a value of 8% in the bulk and 45 ± 2 wt% versus 25 wt%Ni in the bulk, respectively. The composition of the interface for a given alloy remains unchanged in a wide range of conditions of passive film formation such as pH, applied potential, passivation time. These results are discussed with respect to the influence of the interface composition on the corrosion rate of alloys in the passive state and on their pitting resistance.
Consumption‐Focused Self‐Expression Word of Mouth: A New Scale and Its Role in Consumer Research
Authors: Saenger Christina , Thomas Veronica L. , Johnson Jennifer Wiggins 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis research represents the first systematic empirical examination of the motivation to spread word of mouth about consumption activities in order to self‐express, a phenomenon that has been observed in both the academic literature and the popular press. Consumption‐focused self‐expression is a motivation to engage in word‐of‐mouth communication that is distinct from other word‐of‐mouth motivations that have been discussed in the literature. This work defines consumption‐focused self‐expression word of mouth as communication about one's consumption activities for the purpose of expressing one's self‐concept and attracting attention to oneself. A scale to measure consumption‐focused self‐expression word of mouth is developed and shown to exhibit a consistent scale structure, acceptable reliability, and convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity. Scores on the consumption‐focused self‐expression word‐of‐mouth scale are shown to predict differences in the quantity and nature of consumers’ actual word‐of‐mouth communications via the social networking Web site Facebook.
The Role of Product‐Premium Fit in Determining the Effectiveness of Hedonic and Utilitarian Premiums
Authors: Palazon Mariola , Delgado‐Ballester Elena 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis research explores how the effectiveness of hedonic and utilitarian premiums is contingent with the degree of product‐premium fit. It is proposed that the effectiveness of utilitarian/hedonic premiums is higher at a high/low degree of fit between the premium and the focal product. Specifically, a series of three experimental studies were conducted. Consistent with expectations, Study 1 found that at high product‐premium fit utilitarian premiums were preferred over hedonic ones, while Study 2 revealed that hedonic ones were preferred at a low‐fit condition. To further validate these preliminary results, Study 3 developed a full factorial experimental design wherein the interaction effect between the nature of the premium and product‐premium fit on consumers’ liking, purchase intention and positive word‐of‐mouth was evaluated. This study confirmed the existence of a significant interaction effect and the direction of the simple effects was consistent with findings from Studies 1 and 2. However, the differences were only significant at a low‐fit condition.
Mixed Hybrid Lipid/Polymer Vesicles as a Novel Membrane Platform
Authors: Schulz Matthias , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: October 2015

Vesicles can be individually fabricated from naturally occurring lipid or synthetic block copolymer molecules via self‐assembly in aqueous solutions; the blending of both vesicle‐forming amphiphiles leads to the formation of hybrid membranes. Their final stabilities and lateral morphologies are strongly determined by the molar composition, size, and charge properties of the interacting components as well as by the lipid chain melting temperature. Upon merging the best properties of lipo‐ and polymersomal membranes, hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles represent a new scaffold for medical applications combining, e.g., combining the biocompatibility of liposomes with the high thermal and mechanical stability and functional variability of polymersomes within a single vesicle type. Up to now, several hybrid membrane systems and their corresponding vesicular morphologies have been studied, highlighting the attractive properties and features useful in selective delivery receptor scaffolding.
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Apomorphine: A potential modifier of amyloid deposition in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Yarnall Alison J. , Lashley Tammaryn , Ling Helen , Lees Andrew J. , Coleman Shirley Y. , O'Sullivan Sean S. , Compta Yaroslau , Revesz Tamas , Burn David J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionEvidence from clinical and pathological studies suggests a role for both alpha‐synuclein and amyloid‐beta in the pathophysiology of dementia associated with PD. Recent work demonstrated improvement in memory and reduced amyloid‐beta burden in transgenic murine Alzheimer's models given subcutaneous apomorphine. The aim of this work was to determine whether antemortem exposure to apomorphine was associated with lower levels of amyloid‐beta in brain tissue in a clinicopathological study of PD.MethodsThe case notes of donors with pathologically proven PD who had (n = 36) and had not received apomorphine (n = 35) during life for motor complications were reviewed to determine presence or absence of cognitive impairment. The four groups were well matched for disease duration, age at death, sex, and apolipoprotein E4 genotype. The severity of amyloid‐beta mature/diffuse plaque load, tau pathology, and alpha‐synuclein pathology were all established. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was determined based on a four‐tier grading system.ResultsWithin the cognitively normal cases, significantly reduced amyloid‐beta deposition was present in those with antemortem apomorphine exposure; this finding was not replicated in those with cognitive impairment plus previous apomorphine use. In the apomorphine cognitively normal group only, a significant negative association was observed between maximum apomorphine dose received and amyloid‐beta burden. Early and maximum doses of apomorphine plus apolipoprotein genotype and sex were significant predictors of total plaque load in an explanatory model.ConclusionThis exploratory study suggests that apomorphine may have a modifying effect on amyloid deposition in nondemented PD cases and thus may represent a potential therapy to reduce cognitive impairment in PD. © 2015 Movement Disorder Society
Global precipitation measurement
Authors: Kidd Chris , Huffman George 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe quantification of precipitation on a global scale is critical for applications ranging from climate monitoring to water resource management. Conventional observations through surface gauge networks provide the most direct measure of precipitation, although these are very much limited to land areas, with very few in situ measurements over the oceans. Weather radars, although providing a spatial measure of precipitation, are limited in extent and number. Satellite observations offer an unrivalled vantage point to observe precipitation on a global basis. Since precipitation is spatially and temporally highly variable, satellites are able to provide temporal and spatial samples commensurate with many precipitation characteristics. This paper provides an overall review of global precipitation estimation, providing an outline of conventional measurements, the basis of the satellite systems used in the observation of precipitation, and the generation, availability and validation of the derived precipitation products. Finally, future satellite precipitation missions are presented. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Lidar studies of the polar troposphere
Authors: Nott Graeme J. , Duck Thomas J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe lidar is a widely‐used remote sensing tool for measurements of tropospheric constituents and processes. Despite considerable operational challenges, lidars have been deployed in the polar regions to study the unique characteristics of the high‐latitude atmosphere. The relevant technologies and techniques used for profiling the polar troposphere are reviewed. Lidars and their measurements are described, from the first single‐wavelength lidar aircraft campaign to today's multiple‐wavelength, multiple‐data product systems and satellite‐borne lidars providing large‐area polar coverage. Significant advancements in our understanding of tropospheric aerosols, clouds, structure, and trace gases in both the Antarctic and Arctic have been made possible through the use of lidars and these will be discussed. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Active polarization control for quantum communication in long‐distance optical fibers with shared telecom traffic
Authors: Xavier G. B. , de Faria G. Vilela , da Silva T. Ferreira , Temporão G. P. , von der Weid J. P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe experimentally demonstrate the compatibility of wavelength multiplexed active polarization stabilization for quantum communication in an optical fiber carrying telecom traffic. One of the feedback control channels contains a 9.953 Gb/s datastream generated from a BER meter. We verify the ability to transmit single‐photons in the two opposite directions of a 23‐km optical fiber spool, while maintaining their state of polarization stable and a classical BER in the feedback channel error‐free, during 6 h of continuous operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2661–2665, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop26320
Induced aberrations by combinative convex/concave interfaces of refractive‐index‐mismatch and capability of adaptive optics correction
Authors: Fuh Yiin Kuen , Hsu Kuo Chan , Fan Jia Ren , Lin Ming Xien 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdjustable fluidic adaptive lenses have been extensively studied because of the advantage of changing the geometric shape or refractive index without any mechanical moving parts. However, the induced aberrations were rarely discussed before. We address this issue by first clarifying the aberrations experimentally due to injected fluidic volumes. Experimental results show that under the injected fluidic volume of 0.1 ml, the main aberrations come from Z1 (piston), Z2 (tip), and Z5 (defocus) and Zernike coefficients are 0.97, 0.31, and 1.31 μm, respectively. In what follows, a series of tests specifically designed to explore the convex/concave interfaces and refractive‐index‐mismatch (RIM). Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of adaptive optics (AO) correction on aberrations induced by combinative effects of multiple layers with convex/concave interfaces and RIM. A microelectro‐mechanical system (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM) with 140 actuators was used in conjunction with Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to realize the experimentation. In particular, we consider the aberration introduced by interfaces of RIM between water/oil and glass. After AO correction, we can improve wavefront with root mean square (RMS) of 2.17–0.17 μm for an interface between water and glass. As for the interface between oil and glass, we are capable of improving RMS of 0.24–0.10 μm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2610–2615, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26323
Near field study of output beam of a fiber‐to‐fiber design
Authors: Golnabi H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntensity profiles for the single and fiber‐to‐fiber designs are described.Profiles for different arrangements using the red light LED and LED laser are compared. The near field output distribution bandwidths are compared and there is a close relation between the bandwidth and the source light, fiber size, and the fiber gap separation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2572–2575, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26325
Hybrid transistor manipulation controlled by light
Authors: Suwanpayak Nathaporn , Teeka Chat , Yupapin Preecha P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, the novel type of transistor known as a hybrid transistor is proposed, in which all types of transistors can be formed by using a microring resonator called a PANDA microring resonator.In principle, such a transistor can be used to form for various transistor types by using the atom/molecule trapping tools, which is named by an optical tweezer, where, in application, all type of transistors, especially, molecule and photon transistors can be performed by using the trapping tools, which will be described in details. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2533–2537, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26326