bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated with the Occurrence of the Second‐Litter Syndrome in Sows in Southeastern Mexico
Authors: Segura Correa José C. , Alzina-López Alejandro , Santos-Ricalde Ronald H. 
Published: October 2013

The objective was to estimate the incidence of and to determine the effect of some risk factors on the decrease of litter size at parity 2 of sows in three commercial farms in Yucatan, Mexico. Data on 8,592 farrowing records of 4,296 sows were analyzed using a binomial logistic regression procedure. The model included the fixed effect of farm (1, 2, and 3), year of farrowing (2003–2011), season of farrowing (dry, rainy, and windy), number of pigs born alive at first parity (<9, 9‐10, 11‐12, and >12 piglets), lactation length (<18, 18–24, and	>24 days), and weaning to conception intervals (<4, 4–11, and >11 days). Fifty‐five point eight percent of all sows presented a reduced or similar litter size at parity 2. The odds of decrease in the second litter size were 1.56 and 2.01 for farms 2 and 3, respectively. Higher odds were found for sows farrowing during the rainy and dry seasons (1.20 and 1.24, resp.) and for sows with large litters at parity 1 (>12 piglets, odds = 33.2). Sows with weaning to conception intervals <4 days and between 4 and 11 days had higher odds of a decrease in the second litter (1.78 and 2.74 pigs, resp.).
Gut Microbiota Protects against Gastrointestinal Tumorigenesis Caused by Epithelial Injury
Authors: Zhan Yu , Chen Po-Ju , Sadler William D. , Wang Fuyuan , Poe Sara , Núñez Gabriel , Eaton Kathryn A. , Chen Grace Y. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Inflammation is a critical player in the development of both colitis-associated and sporadic colon cancers. Several studies suggest that the microbiota contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis; however, studies to understand the role of the microbiota in colon tumor development in germ-free (GF) mice are limited. We therefore studied the effects of the microbiota on the development of inflammation and tumors in GF and conventionally raised specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We discovered that GF mice developed significantly more and larger tumors compared with that in SPF mice after AOM and DSS treatment despite the lack of early acute inflammation in response to chemically induced injury by DSS. Although the extent of intestinal epithelial damage and apoptosis was not significantly different in GF and SPF mice, there was a delay in intestinal epithelial repair to DSS-induced injury in GF mice resulting in a late onset of proinflammatory and protumorigenic responses and increased epithelial proliferation and microadenoma formation. Recolonization of GF mice with commensal bacteria or administration of lipopolysaccharide reduced tumorigenesis. Thus, although commensal bacteria are capable of driving chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis, the gut microbiota also have important roles in limiting chemically induced injury and proliferative responses that lead to tumor development. Cancer Res; 73(24); 7199–210. ©2013 AACR.
WhenThreeIs NotSome: On the Pragmatics of Numerals
Authors: Shetreet Einat , Chierchia Gennaro , Gaab Nadine 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBoth numerals and quantifiers (like some) have more than one possible interpretation (i.e., weak and strong interpretations). Some studies have found similar behavior for numerals and quantifiers, whereas others have shown critical differences. It is, therefore, debated whether they are processed in the same way. A previous fMRI investigation showed that the left inferior frontal gyrus is linked to the computation of the strong interpretation of quantifiers (derived by a scalar implicature) and that the left middle frontal gyrus and the medial frontal gyrus are linked to processing the mismatch between the strong interpretation of quantifiers and the context in which they are presented. In the current study, we attempted to characterize the similarities and differences between numbers and quantifiers by examining brain activation patterns related to the processing of numerals in these brain regions. When numbers were presented in a mismatch context (i.e., where their strong interpretation did not match the context), they elicited brain activations similar to those previously observed with quantifiers in the same context type. Conversely, in a match context (i.e., where both interpretations of the scalar item matched the context), numbers elicited a different activation pattern than the one observed with quantifiers: Left inferior frontal gyrus activations in response to the match condition showed decrease for numbers (but not for quantifiers). Our results support previous findings suggesting that, although they share some features, numbers and quantifiers are processed differently. We discuss our results in light of various theoretical approaches linked to the representation of numerals.
Evaluation of Storm Structure from the Operational HWRF during 2012 Implementation
Authors: Tallapragada Vijay , Kieu Chanh , Kwon Young , Trahan Samuel , Liu Qingfu , Zhang Zhan , Kwon In-Hyuk 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this work, a high-resolution triple-nested implementation of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) for the 2012 hurricane season is evaluated. Statistics of retrospective experiments for the 2010–11 hurricane seasons show that the new configuration demonstrates significant improvement compared to the 2011 operational HWRF in terms of storm track, intensity, size, dynamical constraints between mass and wind field, and initial vortex imbalance. Specifically, the 5-day track and intensify forecast errors are improved by about 19% and 7% for the North Atlantic basin, and by 9% and 30% for the eastern Pacific basin, respectively. Verifications of storm size in terms of wind radii at 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (17.5, 25.7, and 32.9 m s−1) thresholds at different quadrants show dramatic improvement with most of the overestimation of the storm size in previous operational HWRF versions removed at all forecast times. In addition, dynamical constraints between the storm intensity and the outermost radius in the new configuration are consistent with the best track data. The relationship between minimum sea level pressure and maximum 10-m wind is also improved in both basins, indicating that the storm dynamics and structure have been improved in the 2012 HWRF compared to the previous versions. These significant improvements obtained with the new HWRF implementation are attributed to a number of major changes including a new higher-resolution nest, improved vortex initialization, improved planetary boundary layer and turbulence physics, and some critical bug fixes related to the moving nest. Such improvements show that the new HWRF implementation is a promising upgrade for future hurricane seasons.
Genetic variation, linkage mapping of QTL and correlation studies for yield, root, and agronomic traits for aerobic adaptation
Authors: Sandhu Nitika , Jain Sunita , Kumar Arvind , Mehla Balwant Singh , Jain Rajinder 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Water scarcity and drought have seriously threatened traditional rice cultivation practices in several parts of the world, including India. Aerobic rice that uses significantly less water than traditional flooded systems has emerged as a promising water-saving technology. The identification of QTL conferring improved aerobic adaptation may facilitate the development of high-yielding aerobic rice varieties. In this study, experiments were conducted for mapping QTL for yield, root-related traits, and agronomic traits under aerobic conditions using HKR47 × MAS26 and MASARB25 × Pusa Basmati 1460 F2:3 mapping populations.

Results
A total of 35 QTL associated with 14 traits were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 11 in MASARB25 x Pusa Basmati 1460 and 14 QTL associated with 9 traits were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 in HKR47 × MAS26. Two QTL (qGY8.1 with an R2 value of 34.0% and qGY2.1 with an R2 value of 22.8%) and one QTL (qGY2.2 with an R2 value of 43.2%) were identified for grain yield under aerobic conditions in the mapping populations MASARB25 × Pusa Basmati 1460 and HKR47 × MAS26, respectively.
A number of breeding lines with higher yield per plant, root length, dry biomass, length-breadth ratio, and with Pusa Basmati 1460-specific alleles in a homozygous or heterozygous condition at the BAD2 locus were identified that will serve as novel material for the selection of stable aerobic Basmati rice breeding lines.

Conclusions
Our results identified positive correlation between some of the root traits and yield under aerobic conditions, indicating the role of root traits for improving yield under aerobic situations possibly through improved water and nutrient uptake. Co-localization of QTL for yield, root traits, and yield-related agronomic traits indicates that the identified QTL may be immediately exploited in marker-assisted-breeding to develop novel high-yielding aerobic rice varieties.
Prognosis of AKI in malignant diseases with and without sepsis
Authors: Heeg Malte , Mertens Alexander , Ellenberger David , Müller Gerhard A , Patschan Daniel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
AKI significantly worsens prognosis of hospitalized patients. This is particularly the case in patients with sepsis. The risk for aquiring sepsis is significantly increased in malignant diseases. Aim of the present retrospective study was to analyze outcomes of tumor patients with sepsis and AKI.

Methods
One-thousand and seventeen patients, treated at the ICU of the Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology of the University Hospital Göttingen from 2009 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed for mortality, sepsis, AKI, need for renal replacement therapy (dialysis) and malignancies.

Results
AKI occurred significantly more frequent in septic than in non-septic patients and in tumor as oposed to non-tumor patients. Mortaliy rates were higher in the respective latter groups. Mortality increased even further if patients suffered from a malignant disease with sepsis and AKI. Mortality rates peaked if dialysis treatment became mandatory. In non-solid tumors 100% of the patients died if they suffered drom sepsis and AKI. This was not the case in solid malignancies (mortality rate 56%).

Conclusions
We conclude that prognosis of tumor patients with AKI and sepsis is very poor. Mortality increases to almost 70% if diaylsis therapy is initiated. Non-solid tumors are associated with a 100% mortality if sepsis and AKI conincide.
Resection of a malignant paraganglioma located behind the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava
Authors: Jia Changjun , Wang Xinlu , Dai Chaoliu , Bu Xianmin , Peng Songlin , Xu Feng , Xu Yongqing , Zhao Yang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Resection of a retrocaval paraganglioma is technically challenging due to limited tumor accessibility and proximity to the vena cava.

Case presentation
A large, malignant paraganglioma was found behind the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava of a 60-year-old male. During resection of this rare paraganglioma, the left lateral lobe of the liver, a portion of the caudate lobe of the liver, and the gallbladder were also removed. Unfortunately, the patient died six months after surgery due to hepatic metastasis.

Conclusion
This case demonstrates that a partial hepatectomy may be necessary to improve tumor accessibility during resection of a retrocaval paraganglioma, particularly if the tumor is proximal to the vena cava. Furthermore, palliative treatments may help prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis of malignant paragangliomas.
Patch cloning method for multiple site-directed and saturation mutagenesis
Authors: Taniguchi Naohiro , Nakayama Sayumi , Kawakami Takashi , Murakami Hiroshi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Various DNA manipulation methods have been developed to prepare mutant genes for protein engineering. However, development of more efficient and convenient method is still demanded. Homologous DNA assembly methods, which do not depend on restriction enzymes, have been used as convenient tools for cloning and have been applied to site-directed mutagenesis recently. This study describes an optimized homologous DNA assembly method, termed as multiple patch cloning (MUPAC), for multiple site-directed and saturation mutagenesis.

Results
To demonstrate MUPAC, we introduced five back mutations to a mutant green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) with five deleterious mutations at specific sites and transformed Escherichia coli (E. coli) with the plasmids obtained. We observed that the over 90% of resulting colonies possessed the plasmids containing the reverted GFPuv gene and exhibited fluorescence. We extended the test to introduce up to nine mutations in Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus reverse transcriptase (M-MLV RT) by assembling 11 DNA fragments using MUPAC. Analysis of the cloned plasmid by electrophoresis and DNA sequencing revealed that approximately 30% of colonies had the objective mutant M-MLV RT gene. Furthermore, we also utilized this method to prepare a library of mutant GFPuv genes containing saturation mutations at five specific sites, and we found that MUPAC successfully introduced NNK codons at all five sites, whereas other site remained intact.

Conclusions
MUPAC could efficiently introduce various mutations at multiple specific sites within a gene. Furthermore, it could facilitate the preparation of experimental gene materials important to molecular and synthetic biology research.
Adrenomedullin binding improves catecholamine responsiveness and kidney function in resuscitated murine septic shock
Authors: Wagner Katja , Wachter Ulrich , Vogt Josef A , Scheuerle Angelika , McCook Oscar , Weber Sandra , Gröger Michael , Stahl Bettina , Georgieff Michael , Möller Peter , Bergmann Andreas , Hein Frauke , Calzia Enrico , Radermacher Peter , Wagner Florian 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Purpose
Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been referred to as a double-edged sword during septic shock: On one hand, ADM supplementation improved organ perfusion and function, attenuated systemic inflammation, and ultimately reduced tissue apoptosis and mortality. On the other hand, ADM overproduction can cause circulatory collapse and organ failure due to impaired vasoconstrictor response and reduced myocardial contractility. Since most of these data originate from un-resuscitated shock models, we tested the hypothesis whether the newly developed anti-ADM antibody HAM1101 may improve catecholamine responsiveness and thus attenuate organ dysfunction during resuscitated murine, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic shock.

Methods
Immediately after CLP, mice randomly received vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, n = 11) or HAM1101 (n = 9; 2 μg·g−1). Fifteen hours after CLP, animals were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, instrumented, and resuscitated with hydroxyethylstarch and continuous i.v. norepinephrine to achieve normotensive hemodynamics (mean arterial pressure > 50 to 60 mmHg).

Results
HAM1101 pretreatment reduced the norepinephrine infusion rates required to achieve hemodynamic targets, increased urine flow, improved creatinine clearance, and lowered neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin blood levels, which coincided with reduced expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and formation of peroxynitrite (nitrotyrosine immunostaining) in the kidney and aorta, ultimately resulting in attenuated systemic inflammation and tissue apoptosis.

Conclusions
During resuscitated murine septic shock, early ADM binding with HAM1101 improved catecholamine responsiveness, blunted the shock-related impairment of energy metabolism, reduced nitrosative stress, and attenuated systemic inflammatory response, which was ultimately associated with reduced kidney dysfunction and organ injury.
Acid–base changes after fluid bolus: sodium chloride vs. sodium octanoate
Authors: Ke Lu , Calzavacca Paolo , Bailey Michael , Li Wei-qin , Bellomo Rinaldo , May Clive N 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to test the hypothesis that fluid loading with sodium chloride (150 mmol Na and 150 mmol Cl) or sodium octanoate (150 mmol Na, 100 mmol Cl, and 50 mmol octanoate) would lead to different acid–base changes.

Design
We performed a double-blind crossover experimental study.

Setting
The study was done at a University Physiology Laboratory.

Subjects
Eight Merino ewes were used as subjects.

Measurements and main results
We randomly assigned animals to a rapid intravenous infusion (1 L over 30 min) of either normal saline (NS) or sodium octanoate solution (OS). We collected blood samples at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the start of the infusion for blood gas analyses and biochemistry. We calculated strong ion difference apparent (SIDa), effective strong ion difference, and strong ion gap (SIG). Animals in the NS group developed metabolic acidification immediately after fluid administration (pH 7.49 to 7.42, base excess 3.0 to -1.6 mEq/L), while the OS group did not (pH 7.47 to 7.51, base excess 1.1 to 1.4 mEq/L; P < 0.001). Additionally, the OS group had higher SIDa (36.2 vs. 33.2 mEq/L) and SIG (7.4 vs. 6.2 mEq/L) at the end of the infusion.

Conclusions
Our findings provide further evidence that acidification induced by intravenous fluid loading is dependent on fluid composition and challenges the paradigm of the so-called dilutional acidosis.
On the occurrence of Uronema marinum Womersley (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyta) in the north-western lagoons of the Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea (Italy)
Authors: SFRISO A. , BUOSI A. , SFRISO A.A. 
Published: October 2013

We study the occurrence of the alien macroalga Uronema marinum in the lagoon of Venice, in the lagoons and ponds of the Po Delta and in Pialassa della Baiona in Emilia-Romagna. It was in summer 2012 that U. marinum was identified for the first time, even though it has been present at least since 2008. This species, originally described from South Australia and Western Australia and probably imported with the Manila clam Tapes philippinarum, is prevalently associated with thalli of another introduced species, Agardhiella subulata, and the invasive Gracilaria vermiculophylla, which also have a Pacific origin and have recently colonized the same lagoon areas. Uronema marinum is currently widespread in the whole lagoon surfaces, but is particularly abundant in stagnant waters, rich in nutrients, where Gracilariaceae and Solieriaceae prevail on Ulvaceae.
Nonmedical Prescription Opioid and Sedative Use Among Adolescents in the Emergency Department
Authors: Whiteside Lauren K. , Walton Maureen A. , Bohnert Amy S.B. , Blow Frederic C. , Bonar Erin E. , Ehrlich Peter , Cunningham Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVES:
Nonmedical prescription opiate use (NPOU) and nonmedical prescription sedative use (NPSU) are serious public health concerns. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and emergency department (ED) visit characteristics and other correlates associated with past-year NPOU and NPSU among adolescents and young adults using the ED.

METHODS:
Participants aged 14 to 20 presenting to the ED at the University of Michigan Medical Center between September 2010 and September 2011 were systematically recruited. A computerized self-report screening survey with validated items measuring past-year NPOU, NPSU, substance use, and violence was delivered to participants, and a retrospective chart review was performed.

RESULTS:
Of the 2135 participants (86.0% response rate), 222 (10.4%) reported either NPOU or NPSU. Among the 185 (8.7%) participants that reported NPOU, 14.6% had a current home prescription for an opioid and among the 115 (5.4%) with NPSU, 12.3% had a current home prescription for a sedative. After controlling for demographics (age, gender, race, public assistance), correlates of NPOU or NPSU included other substance use, and drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Additional correlates of NPOU included receiving an intravenous opioid in the ED and for NPSU, dating violence, presenting to the ED for a noninjury complaint, and previous ED visit in the past year.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nearly 1 in 10 young people who use the ED for care report NPOU or NPSU, and only 12.3% and 14.6% report having current home prescriptions for sedatives and opioids. The ED represents a key location for screening and intervention efforts.
The effect of water storage on the bending properties of esthetic, fiber-reinforced composite orthodontic archwires
Authors: Chang Ju-Han , Berzins David W. , Pruszynski Jessica E. , Ballard Richard W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To study the effect of water storage on the bending properties of fiber-reinforced composite archwires and compare it to nickel-titanium (NiTi), stainless steel (SS), and beta-titanium archwires.

Materials and Methods:
Align A, B, and C and TorQ A and B composite wires from BioMers Products, 0.014-, 0.016, and 0.018-inch, and 0.019 × 0.025-inch NiTi, 0.016-inch SS, and 0.019 × 0.025-inch beta-titanium archwires were tested (n  =  10/type/size/condition). A 20-mm segment was cut from each end of the archwire; one end was then stored in water at 37°C for 30 days, while the other was stored dry. The segments were tested using three-point bending to a maximum deflection of 3.1 mm with force monitored during loading (activation) and unloading (deactivation). Statistical analysis was completed via two-way analysis of variance with wire and condition (dry and water-stored) as factors.

Results:
In terms of stiffness and force delivery during activation, in general: beta-titanium was &gt; TorQ B &gt; TorQ A &gt; 0.019 × 0.025-inch NiTi and 0.016-inch SS &gt; Align C &gt; 0.018-inch NiTi &gt; Align B &gt; 0.016-inch NiTi &gt; Align A &gt; 0.014-inch NiTi. Water exposure was detrimental to the larger translucent wires (Align B and C, TorQ A and B) because they were more likely to craze during bending, resulting in decreased forces applied at a given deflection. Align A and the alloy wires were not significantly (P &gt; .05) affected by water storage. Overall, the alloy wires possessed more consistent force values compared to the composite wires.

Conclusion:
Environmental conditions are more likely to affect fiber-reinforced composite archwires compared to alloy wires.