bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Batch and dynamics modeling of the biosorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by solid biomass waste from the biodiesel production
Authors: Shanmugaprakash Muthusamy , Sivakumar Venkatachalam , Manimaran Manickavelu , Aravind Jeyaseelan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPongamia oil cake (POC), a bio‐residual waste is obtained during the production of biodiesel as a byproduct. This is used as biosorbent to evaluate the removal of chromium (VI) ions from an aqueous synthetic solution. The effects of various process parameters such as pH, contact time, initial chromium ions concentration and adsorbent dosage have been investigated. The FT‐IR and SEM analysis of the adsorbents was done in the native‐ and Cr(VI)‐loaded state, to explore the position of the functional groups available for binding of chromium ions and the structural morphology of the studied adsorbents respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm were used to study the adsorption mechanism, and it was found that the equilibrium data was better represented by the Freundlich isotherm. The maximal removal of hexavalent chromium ion was found to be at a pH of 2.0 within 2 h. The sorption kinetic follows the pseudo second order kinetic model. The Cr(VI) ions bound to the biosorbent could be effectively removed, using dilute H2SO4 (0.05 mM). The ability of POC to adsorb Cr(VI) ions in packed column was also investigated through the column studies. Bed Depth Service Time model and the Thomas model were used to analyze the experimental data and evaluate the model parameters. POC was shown to be a promising adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 342–352, 2014
Prevalence of unwanted pregnancy in Iran: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moosazadeh Mahmood , Nekoei‐moghadam Mahmood , Emrani Zahra , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIntroductionDifferent studies show that a considerable number of pregnancies are unwanted and can have side effects on mothers'‚ children's and finally society's health. Accordingly, this meta‐analysis study has been carried out to estimate a relatively accurate level of unwanted pregnancies in Iran.MethodsPresent studies and published documents were retrieved from Persian and English electronic databases. To increase sensitivity and to select more studies, the reference list of the published studies was checked. After studying the titles and texts of documents, repeated and irrelevant ones were excluded. Data was analyzed using STATA V.11.ResultsForty‐nine qualified papers were selected with a 43 061 sample size. The meta‐analysis of unwanted pregnancy prevalence in Iran equals 30.6% (CI = 28.1–33.1). Also‚ according to the present meta‐analysis‚ the most common contraceptive methods used by couples prior to unwanted pregnancies are as follows: pills 27.1%‚ withdrawal 38.6%‚ IUD 11.4%‚ injection contraceptives 2.8%‚ vasectomy 0.28% and no method 24.5%.Discussion and conclusionThe results of meta‐analysis showed that about one‐third of pregnancies in Iran are unwanted and a high percent of them are among women who had used contraceptives. Therefore‚ it is necessary to adopt more appropriate policies on the following: education, proper pregnancy age, using contraceptive methods, men's role in family planning programs and quality promotion in family planning services. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of Muscle Hydration Upon Hypo‐ or Hyper‐Osmotic Shocks: Differences Related to Invasion of the Freshwater Habitat by Decapod Crustaceans
Authors: FREIRE CAROLINA A. , SOUZA‐BASTOS LUCIANA R. , AMADO ENELISE M. , PRODOCIMO VIVIANE , SOUZA MARTA M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDecapod crustaceans have independently invaded freshwater habitats from the sea/estuaries. Tissue hydration mechanisms are necessary for the initial stages of habitat transitions but can be expected to diminish, as the capacity for extracellular homeostasis increases in hololimnetic species. Six decapod species have been compared concerning the maintenance of muscle hydration in vitro:Hepatus pudibundus(marine);Palaemon pandaliformis(estuarine resident),Macrobrachium acanthurus(freshwater diadromous), and the three hololimneticMacrobrachium potiuna,Dilocarcinus pagei, andAegla parana. The effects of inhibitors of potassium channels (barium chloride) and NKCC (furosemide) were evaluated under isosmotic, and respectively hypo‐ (50% below iso) or hyper‐ (50% above iso) conditions. There was high muscle hydration control inH. pudibunduswith a possible role of NKCC in isosmotic conditions. Shrimps consistently showed small deviations in muscle hydration under anisosmotic conditions;P. pandaliformishas shown evidence of the presence of NKCC;M. potiunawas the species less affected by both inhibitors, under iso‐ or anisosmotic conditions. In the two hololimnetic crab species, both independent long‐time inhabitants of freshwater, while the capacity to deal with hyper‐osmotic shock is decreased, the capacity to deal with hyposmotic shock is retained, possibly because of hemolymph dilution during molting in fresh water.D. pageiapparently depends on potassium channels for volume recovery after swelling, whereasA. paranashows some dependence on NKCC to minimize volume loss in hyper‐osmotic conditions. Although no molecular screening techniques have been tried here, data point to distinct cell/tissue transport mechanisms acting upon hydration/volume challenges in decapods of different habitats and lineages.J. Exp. Zool. 319A:297–309, 2013. © 2013© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐pressure elasticity of serpentine and seismic properties of the hydrated mantle wedge
Authors: Bezacier L. , Reynard B. , Cardon H. , Montagnac G. , Bass J. D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA subset of the single‐crystal elastic moduli of natural antigorite has been measured using Brillouin scattering at high‐pressure up to 9 GPa. Aggregate properties and axial compressibilities are in good agreement with equation‐of‐state results from X‐ray diffraction. Stiffness along the c‐axis increases, becoming close to those within the silicate layer near 7 GPa. A slight discontinuity in the evolution of the elastic moduli near 7 GPa is associated with a phase transition. Raman spectroscopy shows that the transition does not occur in subducting slabs, except in the core of the coldest slabs where serpentine may be subducted to depths of about 200 km. Varying temperature and pressure has limited effects on the interpretation of seismic velocities, principally because of the limited depth range of serpentine stability (mostly above 100 km depth), and also due to the compensating effects of pressure and temperature that maintain velocity variations well within the uncertainties and statistical variability of seismological studies. Serpentinites are excellent candidates for explaining low velocities in the hydrated mantle wedge, inversion of the Moho, and thin anisotropic low‐velocity layers at the plate interface. Serpentinite layers provide an alternative explanation to fluid‐saturated oceanic crust for explaining these phenomena, and account for a transition to an aseismic, decoupled plate interface.
Orbital eccentricity driven temperature variation at Mercury's poles
Authors: Siegler Matthew A. , Bills Bruce G. , Paige D.A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDue to Mercury's extremely small obliquity, variations in orbital eccentricity are likely to have been the dominant cause of changes in polar temperatures on Mercury throughout the bulk of its history. In the last 10 Myr, the eccentricity has varied between 0.1 and 0.3. Over the past 100 Myr, eccentricity extremes of nearly zero to greater than 0.4 have likely been reached. We calculate the temperature in the near‐polar region (within 10° of the North Pole) as it varies in response to past eccentricities. These calculations show periods with dramatically different temperatures, diurnal amplitudes, and long period thermal cycles—all of which can have a dramatic effect on longitudinal variations in long‐term subsurface ice stability. Given forthcoming topographic data, thermal models including long‐term eccentricity can help constrain when past ice might have been delivered to Mercury.
A mechanism for bringing ice and brines to the near surface of Mars
Authors: Travis Bryan J. , Feldman William C. , Maurice Sylvestre 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecent discovery of transient ice deposits uncovered by five small craters between 40 and 55°N latitude, reinterpretation of MONS neutron data that indicate the wide‐spread presence of ice within 1 m of the surface at midlatitudes (down to 30°N) of Mars, and evidence of recent periglacial activity within 10°N of the equator, all suggest ice may be or recently was present at latitudes where it is not expected and at unexplained abundance. As ice may be unstable under present Mars climatic conditions, a mechanism may be needed to explain the presence of ice in the near surface at these latitudes. Water release history, chemical composition, and heat fluxes are variable over the surface of Mars, and there could be more than one mechanism responsible for near‐surface ice. The purpose of this study is to show that hydrothermal circulation of brines in the subsurface of Mars is a possible mechanism that can deposit ice and brine, close to, or even at, the surface of Mars. Furthermore, the action of brine convection can be related to some of the surface features associated with subsurface water during previous or even present epochs, such as polygonal ground and sorted stone circles.
Nutrient composition of selected indigenous fruits from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Stadlmayr Barbara , Charrondière U Ruth , Eisenwagen Sandra , Jamnadass Ramni , Kehlenbeck Katja 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIndigenous fruits constitute an important part of human diets in many sub‐Saharan African countries, particularly in rural areas and during droughts. In order to promote and expand the utilisation of these fruits, knowledge on their nutritional composition is essential. This review presents the results of a literature research of the nutritional composition of ten selected indigenous fruits from sub‐Saharan Africa. Species were selected based on their current importance as well as their future potential for nutrition, processing and cash income generation. Compositional data were compiled and mean values of components per species were calculated. Most papers were compiled for Adansonia digitata (26) and Dacryodes edulis (16), followed by Tamarindus indica (ten), Balanites aegyptiaca (nine), Sclerocarya birrea (nine), Ziziphus mauritiana (nine), Vitex doniana (seven) and Irvingia gabonensis (five), and least for Uapaca kirkiana (three) and Syzygium guineense (three). Fruits were found to be mainly analysed for macronutrients and minerals. Vitamins, apart from vitamin C, were rarely reported. Substantial compositional differences were found among as well as within the different fruit species. The results of this study emphasise the need to generate more high‐quality data on a wider spectrum of components of the selected indigenous fruits in sub‐Saharan Africa. © 2013 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Categorical Abstract Algebraic Logic: Algebraic Semantics for (\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\bf{\pi }$\end{document})‐Institutions
Authors: Voutsadakis George 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVarious aspects of the work of Blok and Rebagliato on the algebraic semantics for deductive systems are studied in the context of logics formalized as π‐institutions. Three kinds of semantics are surveyed: institution, matrix (system) and algebraic (system) semantics, corresponding, respectively, to the generalized matrix, matrix and algebraic semantics of the theory of sentential logics. After some connections between matrix and algebraic semantics are revealed, it is shown that every (finitary) N‐rule based extension of an N‐rule based π‐institution possessing an algebraic semantics also possesses an algebraic semantics. This result abstracts one of the main theorems of Blok and Rebagliato. An attempt at a Blok‐Rebagliato‐style characterization of those π‐institutions with a mono‐unary category of natural transformations on their sentence functors having an algebraic semantics is also made. Finally, a necessary condition for a π‐institution to possess an algebraic semantics is provided.
Astrocytic Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate Release Regulates the Proliferation of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus
Authors: Cao Xiong , Li Liang-Ping , Qin Xi-He , Li Shu-Ji , Zhang Meng , Wang Qian , Hu Hong-Hai , Fang Ying-Ying , Gao Yu-Bo , Li Xiao-Wen , Sun Li-Rong , Xiong Wen-Chao , Gao Tian-Ming , Zhu Xin-Hong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Astrocytes are key components of the niche for neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus and play a vital role in regulating NSC proliferation and differentiation. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes modulate NSC proliferation have not been identified. Here, we identified adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) as a proliferative factor required for astrocyte-mediated proliferation of NSCs in the adult hippocampus. Our results indicate that ATP is necessary and sufficient for astrocytes to promote NSC proliferation in vitro. The lack of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 and transgenic blockage of vesicular gliotransmission induced deficient ATP release from astrocytes. This deficiency led to a dysfunction in NSC proliferation that could be rescued via the administration of exogenous ATP. Moreover, P2Y1-mediated purinergic signaling is involved in the astrocyte promotion of NSC proliferation. As adult hippocampal neurogenesis is potentially involved in major mood disorder, our results might offer mechanistic insights into this disease.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic and Magnetically Study of Two Copper(II) Complexes with Pyrazole Ligand
Authors: Davydenko Yuliya M. , Demeshko Serhiy , Pavlenko Vadim A. , Dechert Sebastian , Meyer Franc , Fritsky Igor O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of two new CuII complexes with pyrazole ligands formulated as [Cu3(μ‐Pz)3(μ3‐OH)(Pz)2Cl2][Cu3(μ‐Pz)3(μ3‐OH)(Pz)2Cl2(DMF)]·2DMF (1) and [Cu3(μ‐DMPz)3(DMF)4(OAc)(μ3‐OH)(H2O)]+[Cu3(μ‐DMPz)3(DMF)(NCS)3(μ3‐OH)]– (2) (where Pz = 1H‐pyrazole and DMPz = 3, 5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole) are reported. The compounds were prepared by the reaction of zero valent copper metal and Pz or DMPz in the dimethylformamide solution in the presence of the different additional components (chloride or thiocyanate ligands). The crystal structures of both compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Both compounds 1 and 2 are hexanuclear clusters comprising from neutral (1) or charged (2) trinuclear triangular fragments Cu3(μ3‐OH)(μ‐Pz)3 of inverse azametallacrowns aza9‐MCCuII‐3 topology. Nevertheless, they exhibit relevant differences in their molecular structures. The magnetic measurement shows the isotropic antiferromagnetic interaction in 2 with J1 = –140 cm–1 for the cationic and J2 = –109 cm–1 (–2JSi·Sj model) for the anionic part of the molecule above 100 K and significant influence of antisymmetric exchange at lower temperatures.
5D maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills in 4D superspace: applications
Authors: McGarrie Moritz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe reformulate 5D maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills in 4D Superspace, for a manifold with boundaries. We emphasise certain features and conventions necessary to allow for supersymmetric model building applications. Finally we apply the holographic interpretation of a slice of AdS and show how to generate Dirac soft masses between external source fields, as well as kinetic mixing, as a boundary effective action.
Identification of Genetic Counseling Service Delivery Models in Practice: A Report from the NSGC Service Delivery Model Task Force
Authors: Cohen Stephanie A. , Marvin Monica L. , Riley Bronson D. , Vig Hetal S. , Rousseau Julie A. , Gustafson Shanna L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIncreasing demand for genetic services has resulted in the need to evaluate current service delivery models (SDMs) and consider approaches that improve access to and efficiency of genetic counseling (GC). This study aimed to describe SDMs currently used by the GC community. The NSGC membership was surveyed regarding the use of four SDMs: in‐person GC, telephone GC, group GC, and telegenetics GC. Variables related to access and components of use were also surveyed, including: appointment availability, time‐per‐patient, number of patients seen, billing, and geographic accessiblity. Seven hundred one usable responses were received. Of these, 54.7 % reported using an in‐person SDM exclusively. The remainder (45.3 %) reported using multiple SDMs. Telephone, group and telegenetics GC were used often or always by 8.0 %, 3.2 % and 2.2 % of respondents, respectively. Those using an in‐person SDM reported the ability to see the highest number of patients per week (p < 0.0001) and were the most likely to bill in some manner (p < 0.0001). Those using telegenetic and telephone GC served patients who lived the furthest away, with 48.3 % and 35.8 %% respectively providing GC to patients who live >4 h away. This study shows that genetic counselors are incorporating SDMs other than traditional in‐person genetic counseling, and are utilizing more than one model. These adaptations show a trend toward shorter wait time and shorter length of appointments. Further study is indicated to analyze benefits and limitations of each individual model and factors influencing the choice to adopt particular models into practice.
Effects of a multimodal exercise program in pedal dexterity and balance: study with Portuguese older adults of different contexts
Authors: Silva João , Vasconcelos Olga , Rodrigues Paula , Carvalho Joana 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a multimodal exercise program (MEP) on pedal dexterity and balance in two groups of older adult participants (65–92 years of age) from a psychiatric hospital center (HC), a residential care home (RCH), and a daily living center (DLC). The experimental group (EG) trained three times per week for 12 months, and the control group (CG) maintained their normal activities. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Modified Baecke Questionnaire, as well as the Pedal Dexterity and the Tinetti tests, were applied to all subjects before and after the experimental protocol. Furthermore, the foot preference was controlled using the Lateral Preference Questionnaire proposed by Coren [10]. In the EG, the results from the Pedal Dexterity test showed that both males and females from the RCH and DLC improved their performances after the MEP. In the HC, the males slightly decreased their performance with both feet, contrarily to females. Both males and females from the CG decreased their pedal dexterity performance, namely, with the non-preferred foot. Concerning the Tinetti test, the EG of both males and females from the HC, the RCH (males were better than females regarding the gender factor), and the DLC improved their balance after the MEP. In the CG, no significant effects or interactions were found for any of the context groups.
Structure and Biological Behaviors of Some Metallo Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Adawy Ahmed I. , Khowdiary Mnal M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this study, different cationic surfactants were prepared by esterification with bromoacetic acid of different fatty alcohols, i.e., dodecyl, tetradecyl and hexadecyl species. The products were then reacted with diphenyl amine, and the resulting tertiary amines were quaternized with benzyl chloride to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts. The metallocationic surfactants were prepared by complexing the cationic surfactants with nickel and copper chlorides. Surface tension of these surfactants were investigated at different temperatures. The surface parameters including critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimum surface area (Amin), efficiency (PC20) and effectiveness (πCMC) were studied. The thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy of micellization () and adsorption (), enthalpy (), () and entropy (), () were calculated. FTIR spectra and 1H‐NMR spectra were obtained to confirm the compound structures and purity. In addition, the antimicrobial activities were determined via the inhibition zone diameter of the prepared compounds, which were measured against six strains of a representative group of microorganisms. The results indicate that these metallocationic surfactants exhibit good surface properties and good biological activity on a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
Diogenes of Oenoanda on Cyrenaic Hedonism
Authors: Sedley David 
Published: April 2013

One of the reasons why the past three decades have been an exciting time for historians of Epicureanism has been the revival of work on the Herculaneum papyri – very much a team effort. But another equally good reason has been provided by a remarkable solo act, Martin Ferguson Smith's pioneering work on the second-century AD Epicurean inscription of Diogenes of Oenoanda – the largest of all Greek inscriptions to survive from the ancient world, a key text in the history of Epicurean philosophy, and an extraordinary snapshot of the (literally) monumental scale on which philosophical evangelism could be practised in the Roman empire.Smith has, almost single-handed, discovered and edited well over 100 new fragments of the inscription. This enabled him in 1993 to publish his comprehensive edition of the augmented inscription. But that was not the end of his labours. Returning to the site of Oenoanda, he has unearthed a substantial body ofnew‘new fragments’, and has hopes of uncovering more in future seasons. A recent batch was published in a 1998 article. In this paper I want to consider just one of them, New Fragment 128, which fills a hole in the existing fr. 33 of Smith's edition. Thanks to this discovery, Smith has been able to supply the line-ends of the missing col. IV, and likewise to join the previously lost line-beginnings of col. V to the already surviving line-ends of that column. In addition, he has been able to make very convincing improvements to his previous readings of column III.
On condition …: aspect and modality in the history of Greek
Authors: Horrocks Geoffrey 
Published: April 2013

It is a commonplace of textbook treatments of mood and modality to point out that many languages employ ‘past tense’ forms to express not only temporal but also modal remoteness (i.e. unreality or potentiality) from the ‘here-and-now’, e.g. Lyons (1977: 809–23), Palmer (1986: 208–15). The same observation, mutatis mutandis, may apply to certain modal forms, which, given an appropriate context, can also refer to the past. The verb forms in English conditional sentences such as that in (1):(1) If Mary went to the bar, she would drink too much.provide an excellent example of both types of ‘extended’ usage; cf. the two possible readings of (1) given in (2):(2)(a) If (ever) Mary went to the bar, she used to drink too much.(b) If Mary were (ever) to go to the bar, she would drink too much.