bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma waves around separatrix in collisionless magnetic reconnection with weak guide field
Authors: Chen Yangao , Fujimoto Keizo , Xiao Chijie , Ji Hantao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectrostatic and electromagnetic waves excited by electron beam around the separatrix region are analyzed in detail during the collisionless magnetic reconnection with a weak guide field by using 2‐D particle‐in‐cell simulation with the adaptive mesh refinement. Broadband electrostatic waves are excited both in the inflow and outflow regions around the separatrices due to the electron bump‐on‐tail, two‐stream, and Buneman instabilities. In contrast, the quasi‐monochromatic electromagnetic waves are excited only in the inflow side of the separatrices due to a beam‐driven whistler instability. The localization of the whistler waves is attributed to the nonuniformity of the out‐of‐plane magnetic field By. The whistler instability is suppressed in the outflow side where By is too small for the oblique propagation. The electrostatic waves with distinct speeds can explain the in situ spacecraft observations. From the causality point of view, the waves are generated as the consequence of the electron bulk acceleration to thermalize the particles through wave‐particle interactions. These simulation results provide guidance to analyze high‐resolution wave observations during reconnection in the ongoing and upcoming satellite missions, as well as in dedicated laboratory experiments.
Hydrocomplexity: Addressing water security and emergent environmental risks
Authors: Kumar Praveen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWater security and emergent environmental risks are among the most significant societal concerns. They are highly interlinked to other global risks such as those related to climate, human health, food, human migration, biodiversity loss, urban sustainability, etc. Emergent risks result from the confluence of unanticipated interactions from evolving interdependencies between complex systems, such as those embedded in the water cycle. They are associated with the novelty of dynamical possibilities that have significant potential consequences to human and ecological systems, and not with probabilities based on historical precedence. To ensure water security we need to be able to anticipate the likelihood of risk possibilities as they present the prospect of the most impact through cascade of vulnerabilities. They arise due to a confluence of nonstationary drivers that include growing population, climate change, demographic shifts, urban growth, and economic expansion, among others, which create novel interdependencies leading to a potential of cascading network effects. Hydrocomplexity aims to address water security and emergent risks through the development of science, methods, and practices with the potential to foster a “Blue Revolution” akin to the Green revolution for food security. It blends both hard infrastructure based solution with soft knowledge driven solutions to increase the range of planning and design, management, mitigation and adaptation strategies. It provides a conceptual and synthetic framework to enable us to integrate discovery science and engineering, observational and information science, computational and communication systems, and social and institutional approaches to address consequential water and environmental challenges.
Hemodialysis for removal of dabigatran in a patient with gastric hemorrhage
Authors: Kashiura Masahiro , Fujita Hiroshi , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Akashi Akiko , Hamabe Yuichi 
Published: June 2015

CaseAn 82‐year‐old man taking dabigatran was admitted with syncope. Computed tomography showed extravasation from the stomach. Laboratory data revealed renal insufficiency and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. The gastric endoscopy showed a gastric ulcer with an exposed vessel. However, an endoscopic hemostatic procedure failed to completely stop the bleeding. The patient experienced cardiac arrest from hypotensive shock. Spontaneous circulation returned after 5 min of resuscitation. After endoscopy, computed tomography showed a gastric perforation. For dabigatran removal, the patient underwent a 6‐h hemodialysis session. Thrombin activity and thrombin–antithrombin complex increased during hemodialysis, while activated partial thromboplastin time decreased.OutcomeGood recovery was observed after dialysis and the following gastrectomy.ConclusionHemodialysis should be considered for dabigatran removal in cases of life‐threatening hemorrhage. The thrombin–antithrombin complex may be useful for monitoring the plasma dabigatran level.
Simulation study of nasotracheal and orotracheal fiberoptic intubation with the Aintree Intubation Catheter
Authors: Ueki Ryusuke , Komasawa Nobuyasu , Hirose Munetaka , Kaminoh Yoshiroh 
Published: June 2015

AimFiber‐optic tracheal intubation is an essential technique to secure the airway for difficult airway and cervical cord injury victims. However, there is an anxiety about the vocal cord passage of tracheal tubes because of the potential of collision with the surroundings of the vocal cords. This study aimed to examine the utility of the Aintree Intubation Catheter in nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation.MethodsParticipants were 21 anesthesiologists with more than 2 years of experience in clinical anesthesia. Participants attempted fiber‐optic tracheal intubation through the oral or nasal cavity with or without the Aintree Intubation Catheter in random order. The success rate of tracheal intubation, intubation time, and collision with the glottis were recorded. Participants also evaluated the subjective difficulty of the entire intubation process and passing the tracheal tube through the glottis using a Visual Analogue Scale.ResultsThere were no significant differences in intubation time or Visual Analogue Scale scores for passing the tracheal tube through the glottis between nasal and oral intubation, regardless of the use of the Aintree Intubation Catheter. However, the catheter significantly reduced the number of collisions with the glottis in both routes (nasal, P = 0.026; oral, P = 0.017).ConclusionOur findings that the Aintree Intubation Catheter is effective in reducing collisions with the glottis during nasal and oral fiber‐optic intubation suggest that Aintree Intubation Catheter use may reduce the risk of mechanical injury related to airway obstruction.
Nanoscopy with focused light
Authors: Hell Stefan W. 
Published: June 2015

Stefan W. Hell received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014 “for the development of super‐resolved fluorescence microscopy”, together with Eric Betzig and William Moerner. With the invention of STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion) microscopy experimentally realized in 1999, he has revolutionized light microscopy, overcoming the resolution limit of conventional optical microscopes – a breakthrough that has enabled new ground‐breaking discoveries in biological and medical research.
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Effects of the electron‐beam absorption dose on the glass transition, thermal expansion, dynamic mechanical properties, and water uptake of polycardanol containing epoxy groups cured by an electron beam
Authors: Cheon Jinsil , Cho Donghwan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, the glass transition, thermal expansion, dynamic mechanical properties, and water‐uptake behaviors of diepoxidized polycardanol (DEPC) cured by electron‐beam radiation in the presence of cationic photoinitiators were investigated. How the type and concentration of cationic photoinitiators and the electron‐beam absorption dose influenced the properties of the cured DEPC was also studied. Two types of cationic photoinitiators, triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate (simply referred to as phosphate type or P‐type) and triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (simply referred to as antimonate type or Sb‐type), were used. Electron‐beam absorption doses of 200, 300, 400, and 600 kGy were applied to the uncured diepoxidized cardanol (DEC) samples, respectively. It was revealed that the Sb‐type photoinitiator was preferable to the electron‐beam curing of DEC; this led to a lower photoinitiator concentration and/or a lower electron‐beam absorption dose compared to that in the phosphate‐type photoinitiator. As a result, the variations in the glass‐transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, storage modulus, and water uptake of the cured DEPC were quite consistent with each other. We found that the optimal conditions for the enhanced properties of DEPC by electron‐beam curing were an Sb‐type photoinitiator at 2 wt % and an electron‐beam absorption dose of 600 kGy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42570.
Property reinforcement of silicone dielectric elastomers filled with self‐prepared calcium copper titanate particles
Authors: Wang Gen Lin , Zhang Yi Yang , Duan Lei , Ding Ke Hong , Wang Zhi Feng , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, submicron and micron calcium copper titanate (CCTO) crystallites with different morphologies were successfully designed and prepared by directly thermal treatment method and molten salt method, respectively. Then, the silicone elastomer filled with self‐prepared CCTO particles had high dieletric constant, low dielectric loss, and actuated strain which was greatly improved at low electric field. The dieletric constant at 50 Hz obviously increased from 2.15 for pure silicone elastomer to 4.37 and 4.18 for the submicron and micron CCTO/poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) composites. The dielectric loss of the composites retained at a low value (less than 0.06). Meanwhile, the elastic modulus of CCTO/PDMS composites was increased slightly only with a good flexibility. Compared to pure silicone elastomer (2.25%), the submicron and micron CCTO/PDMS composites with 2 wt % content exhibited a greater strain of 7.69% and 9.83% at a low electric field of 5 V/μm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42613.
Morphometric Study of the Mare Oviductal Mucosa at Different Reproductive Stages
Authors: Mouguelar Horacio , Díaz Tomás , Borghi Damiana , Quinteros Rolando , Bonino Facundo , Apichela Silvana Andrea , Aguilar José Javier 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this work were to describe some morphometric characteristics and to establish quantitative parameters of different regions of the equine oviductal mucosa from the isthmus, ampullary‐isthmic junction (AIJ), and ampulla. Twenty‐one mixed‐bred mares were used for this study. Mares were selected in the following reproductive phases: anestrus, estrus, and diestrus. The left oviducts were examined with light microscopy, and rights ones were studied through the intraoviductal molds. The isthmus showed the smallest luminal area, mucosal area, epithelial perimeter, and luminal diameter. On the molds surfaces, some grooves extended as longitudinal canals, reducing their depth as they approached to the AIJ. Several small height projections, some obliquely positioned towards utero‐tubal junction, were observed in all reproductive phases. These formations may represent pockets or cul‐de‐sacs in the basal areas of the epithelial folds. The AIJ mucosa gradually changed from the smooth isthmic region toward highly folded ampulla. The number and complexity of epithelial folds showed moderate increase in the same way that many of the morphometric parameters. Multiple curves were observed on the molds of the AIJ, creating a zigzag path in the oviductal lumen. In the ampulla, the high branched epithelial folds occupied most of the lumen, leaving a small luminal area free. A linear relationship between epithelial perimeter and mucosal area was found. The presence of glandular‐like structures was observed in all the reproductive stages studied. The equine endosalpinx reveals a highly complex tridimensional arrangement where each region shows very particular and specific designs. Anat Rec, 298:1950–1959, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review with meta-analysis of the impact of surgical fellowship training on patient outcomes
Authors: Johnston M J , Singh P , Pucher P H , Fitzgerald J E F , Aggarwal R , Arora S , Darzi A 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
The number of surgeons entering fellowship training before independent practice is increasing. This may have a negative impact on surgeons in training. The impact of fellowship training on patient outcomes is not yet known. This review aimed to investigate the impact of fellowship training in surgery on patient outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies exploring the structural and surgeon-specific characteristics of fellowship training on patient outcomes. Data from these studies were extracted, synthesized and reported qualitatively, or quantitatively through meta-analysis.

Results
Twenty-three studies were included. The mortality rate for patients in centres with an affiliated fellowship programme was lower than that for centres without (odds ratio 0·86, 95 per cent c.i. 0·84 to 0·88), as was the rate of complications (odds ratio 0·90, 0·78 to 1·02). Surgeons without fellowship training converted more laparoscopic operations to open surgery than those with fellowship training (risk ratio (RR) 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 1·03 to 1·05). Comparison of outcomes for senior surgeons versus current fellows showed no differences in rates of mortality (RR 1·00, 1·00 to 1·01), complications (RR 1·03, 0·98 to 1·08) or conversion to open surgery (RR 1·01, 1·00 to 1·01).

Conclusion
Fellowship training appears to have a positive impact on patient outcomes.
An LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of cefprozil diastereomers in human plasma and its application for the bioequivalence study of two cefprozil tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers
Authors: Liu Min , Ma Jing‐Yi , Zhang Yanan , Wang Xiaolin , Zhao Hongna , Du Aihua , Yang Man , Meng Lingjie , Deng Ming , Liu Huichen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the first time and validated for the determination of cefprozil diastereomers in human plasma. The plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Detection was performed using an electronic spray ion source in the negative ion mode, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions m/z 388.0 to m/z 205.0 for cefprozil diastereomers and m/z 346.1 to m/z 268.1 for cephalexin (the internal standard). The calibration curves of cis‐cefprozil and trans‐cefprozil were linear in the ranges 0.125–16.0 µg/mL and 0.0403–1.72 µg/mL, respectively. The lower limits of quantification of cis‐ and trans‐cefprozil were 0.125 and 0.0403 µg/mL in human plasma, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions of cis‐ and trans‐cefprozil were all <9.7%, and the accuracy ranged from 99.2 to 104.7% and from 100.6 to 102.2%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of two cefprozil formulations in 24 healthy Chinese volunteers. The two cefprozil tablets were bioequivalent by measurement of cis‐, trans‐ and total cefprozil. We suggest that the bioequivalence of cefprozil formulations can be evaluated only using cis‐cefprozil as the analyte in future studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Aromatic–Beryllium Bonds and Aromatic–Anion Interactions: Naphthalene and Pyrene as Models of Fullerenes, Carbon Single‐Walled Nanotubes, and Graphene
Authors: Marín‐Luna Marta , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe possibility of forming stable BeR2:ArH:Y−(R=H, F, Cl; ArH=naphthalene, pyrene; Y=Cl, Br) ternary complexes in which the beryllium compounds and anions are located on the opposite sides of an extended aromatic system is explored by means of MP2/aug‐cc‐pVDZ ab initio calculations. Comparison of the electron‐density distribution of these ternary complexes with the corresponding BeR2:ArH and ArH:Y−binary complexes reveals the existence of significant cooperativity between the two noncovalent interactions in the triads. The energetic effects of this cooperativity are quantified by evaluation of the three‐body interaction energy Δ3Ein the framework of the many‐body interaction‐energy (MBIE) approach. Although an essential component of the interaction energies is electrostatic and is well reflected in the changes in the molecular electrostatic potential of the aromatic system on complexation, strong polarization effects, in particular for the BeR2:ArH interactions, also play a significant role. The charge transfers associated with these polarization effects are responsible for significant distortion of both the BeR2and the aromatic moieties. The former are systematically bent in all the complexes, and the latter are curved to a degree that depends on the nature of the R substituents of the BeR2subunit.
Lamellar versus Micellar Structures—Aggregation Behavior of a Three‐Chain Cationic Lipid Designed for Nonviral Polynucleotide Transfer
Authors: Wölk Christian , Janich Christopher , Pawlowska Dorota , Drescher Simon , Meister Annette , Hause Gerd , Dobner Bodo , Langner Andreas , Brezesinski Gerald 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Bodo Dobner, Prof. Andreas Langner, and research partners Dr. Gerd Hause, Dr. Simon Drescher, and Dr. Annette Meister (MLU Halle‐Wittenberg) as well as the group of Prof. Gerald Brezesinski (MPI of Colloids and Interfaces). The image shows the space‐filling model of a three‐chain amino‐functionalized lipid designed for gene transfer and the preferred pH‐dependent aggregates (multilamellar stacks, vesicles, rod‐like micelles). The background shows a Cryo‐TEM image of rod‐like micelles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201500188.
Probing the Additional Capacity and Reaction Mechanism of the RuO2 Anode in Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Kim Yunok , Muhammad Shoaib , Kim Hyunchul , Cho Yong‐Hun , Kim Hansu , Kim Ji Man , Yoon Won‐Sub 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe structural changes and electrochemical behavior of RuO2 are investigated by using in situ XRD, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanism of this metal oxide anode material. Intermediate phase‐assisted transformation of RuO2 to LiRuO2 takes place at the start of discharge. Upon further lithiation, LiRuO2 formed by intercalation decomposes to nanosized Ru metal and Li2O by a conversion reaction. A reversible capacity in addition to its theoretical capacity is observed on discharging below 0.5 V during which no redox activity involving Ru is observed. TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique are used to probe this additional capacity. The results show that the additional capacity is a result of Li storage in the grain boundary between nanosized Ru metal and Li2O. Findings of this study provide a better understanding of the quantitative share of capacity by a unique combination of intercalation, conversion, and interfacial Li storage in a RuO2 anode.
A Bioinspired Molecular Polyoxometalate Catalyst with Two Cobalt(II) Oxide Cores for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Wei Jie , Feng Yingying , Zhou Panpan , Liu Yan , Xu Jingyin , Xiang Rui , Ding Yong , Zhao Chongchao , Fan Linyuan , Hu Changwen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo overcome the bottleneck of water splitting, the exploration of efficient, selective, and stable water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is crucial. We report an all‐inorganic, oxidatively and hydrolytically stable WOC based on a polyoxometalate [(A‐α‐SiW9O34)2Co8(OH)6(H2O)2(CO3)3]16− (Co8POM). As a cobalt(II)‐based cubane water oxidation catalyst, Co8POM embeds double CoII4O3 cores. The self‐assembled catalyst is similar to the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PS II). Using [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a photosensitizer and persulfate as a sacrificial electron acceptor, Co8POM exhibits excellent water oxidation activity with a turnover number (TON) of 1436, currently the highest among bioinspired catalysts with a cubical core, and a high initial turnover frequency (TOF). Investigation by several spectroscopy, spectrometry, and other techniques confirm that Co8POM is a stable and efficient catalyst for visible light‐driven water oxidation. The results offer a useful insight into the design of water oxidation catalysts.
Origin of Projected Excellent Thermoelectric Transport Properties in d0‐Electron AMN2 (A = Sr or Ba; M = Ti, Zr, Hf) Layered Complex Metal Nitrides
Authors: Ohkubo Isao , Mori Takao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLayered materials have several properties that make them suitable as high‐performance thermoelectric materials. In this study, we elucidated the potential of d0‐electron layered complex metal nitrides, AMN2 (A = Sr or Ba; M = Ti, Zr, Hf), with KCoO2‐type and α‐NaFeO2‐type crystal structures. The detailed electronic structures and electronic transport coefficients for AMN2 compounds were calculated by using density‐functional theory and Boltzmann theory, respectively. The KCoO2‐type AMN2 compounds show highly anisotropic thermoelectric properties. The effective masses at the lowest conduction bands in both KCoO2‐type and α‐NaFeO2‐type AMN2 compounds were significantly smaller than that in three‐dimensional perovskite SrTiO3, a well‐known compound with good thermoelectric properties. The results suggest that the excellent thermoelectric transport properties arise from appropriate electronic structures and small effective masses in AMN2 layered complex metal nitrides.