bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forming a long‐term industry‐university partnership
Authors: Pizam Abraham , Okumus Fevzi , Hutchinson Joe 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on how the University of Central Florida's (UCF's) Rosen College of Hospitality Management (RCHM) has established a long‐term and successful partnership with the hospitality and tourism industry in Central Florida.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was followed and the findings and examples reported in this paper were drawn from official documents and the authors' personal experiences.FindingsThe RCHM, one of the leading hospitality and tourism colleges in the world, has established and maintained successful partnerships with hospitality and tourism organizations in the Central Florida region. Over the years, industry partners have committed significant resources to the RCHM. In return, the RCHM has supported the industry by providing trained students and graduates, along with numerous research and consultancy projects. These successful partnerships were accomplished through mutual trust, an understanding of each other's needs and expectations, and successful collaboration between key industry owners/executives and senior administrators of the RCHM and UCF.Research limitations/implicationsThis study implies that the establishment of strong partnerships between hospitality and tourism organizations and hospitality colleges requires college administrators to work closely with industry owners/executives to build mutual trust, personal friendships, and a common understanding of industry needs and expectations. Future studies may investigate similar successful industry‐university partnerships.Practical implicationsThis study provides examples on how a hospitality college can form long‐term and successful partnerships with hospitality and tourism organizations.Originality/valueThere are few studies that provide evidence of successful partnerships between hospitality colleges and hospitality and tourism organizations.
Views from outside the academy
Authors: Thomas Rhodri 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain an insight into the perspectives of a senior policy‐maker on university‐industry partnerships and, especially, on the utilisation of academic research in policy formation and evaluation.Design/methodology/approachAn informal interview with Dr Leo Jago was undertaken via email. Dr Jago has recently been appointed as the Chief Economist for Tourism and General Manager of Tourism Research Australia (TRA). TRA is the branch of the Australian Government's Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (RET) that provides statistics, research and analysis to support industry development, policy development and marketing for the Australian tourism industry. Dr Jago was previously a Professor of Tourism and Director of university research centres in Australia and the UK. For six years he was Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Director of Research for the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism (STCRC). He has published widely and is Co‐Editor of the International Journal of Event and Festival Management. Dr Jago also has 18 years' experience of owning and operating small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector.FindingsThe interview provides valuable lessons for researchers who wish to engage effectively with policy‐makers and other practitioners.Originality/valueThe transcript offers a rare opportunity to garner a more detailed understanding of the values, experiences and practices of this elite interviewee than is usually possible in academic publications.
Managing the tyranny of relevance: linking with industry – but not too much!
Authors: Lashley Conrad 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to argue that hospitality educators need to develop courses that move away from the somewhat restricted programmes concerned almost exclusively with subjects deemed to be relevant to hospitality management. A more explicit concern with developing students' intellectual abilities will better serve both the industry and them as individuals. Fundamentally engagement with the study of hospitality through an array of science and social science disciplines will secure a more substantial foundation on which to study for hospitality management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reflects a number of pieces of research into the nature of hospitality management education and dominant learning styles on these programmes. It goes on to argue that programmes need to be designed to extend the curriculum beyond immediate management of hospitality business operations.FindingsThe paper argues that program design of hospitality management has tended to be dominated by a kind of tyranny of relevance where content has been almost exclusively focused on preparation for the world of work and careers in the management of hospitality operations. This dominant pragmatic agenda has been further compounded by the predominant activist learning styles of students. Without dismissing the need for programmes to prepare graduates for careers in the industry, it goes on to argue that program content should also aim to prepare participants to be critical thinkers by exposing them to content informed by social science.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper advocates streams of study to be built into these programmes informed by social sciences and developing critical thinking.Practical implicationsThe paper provides an analytical model to assist program designers and managers in developing participants who are philosophical practitioners.Originality/valueThe paper provides a model for understanding the principles needed to be used in the design of programmes in hospitality
Shifts in morphological and mechanical traits compensate for performance costs of reproduction in a wave‐swept seaweed
Authors: Demes Kyle W. , Harley Christopher D. G. , Anderson Laura M. , Carrington Emily 
Published: June 2013

Summary

In addition to metabolic costs associated with reproduction, morphological and mechanical changes accompanying reproductive effort can affect an organism's performance. Reproductive effort may have unavoidable costs in plants and plant‐like taxa (i.e. extra mass or drag); however, the extent to which an organism can ameliorate these consequences by additional modifications of shape or tissue properties remains unknown in seaweed and plant taxa.

We investigated mechanical and morphological changes associated with reproduction and how these shifts influence functional performance in the winged kelp, Alaria marginata.

Compared to vegetative blades, reproductive blades were similar in width but were longer and had greater surface area. Reproductive sporophylls were also thicker and less ruffled. Tissue extensibility and breaking stress were not different in reproductive vs. vegetative blades. However, reproductive tissue exhibited greater tensile stiffness, flexural stiffness and force to break.

Reproductive blades experienced greater drag (despite decreased flapping) than did vegetative blades, but did not experience greater size‐specific drag. Tissues cut into experimental blades of the same size and shape experienced greater drag when cut from reproductive tissue suggesting that the change in shape associated with the onset of reproduction ameliorates the cost of increased tissue stiffness. Nonetheless, increased blade breaking force in reproductive individuals resulted in increased blade safety factors (breaking force/drag experienced) in reproductive compared to non‐reproductive sporophylls.

Synthesis: In A. marginata, decreased flexibility and increased surface area are mechanical costs associated with reproduction. Decreased blade ruffliness and increased strength associated with the onset of reproduction in A. marginata ameliorate the concomitant mechanical costs of decreased flexibility and increased size. Shifts in mechanical and morphological traits among plants and plant‐like taxa may allow them to increase reproductive output without decreasing functional performance.
Severe drug‐induced anaphylaxis: analysis of 333 cases recorded by theAllergyVigilanceNetwork from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Renaudin J.‐M. , Beaudouin E. , Ponvert C. , Demoly P. , Moneret‐Vautrin D.‐A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundA few series of well‐documented cases of severe drug‐induced anaphylaxis (SDA) are available.MethodsCases collected by theAllergyVigilanceNetwork from 2002 to 2010 were analyzed for clinical signs, causative drugs, and efficacy of a stepwise approach to diagnosis, using skin tests, laboratory tests, and oral challenges.ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐three cases concerned 300 adults (90.1%) and 33 children (9.9%): 206 females (61.9%) and 127 males (38.1%). Mean age was 42.7 ± 18 years. Anaphylactic shock (76.6%), severe systemic reactions (10.5%), acute laryngeal edema (9%), severe bronchospasm (2.1%), and six fatal cases (1.8%) were recorded. There were 270 cases (81.1%) of ambulatory anaphylaxis. Sixty‐three cases (18.9%) occurred during anesthesia. Hospitalization was required in 94.8% of cases. 23.7% of patients were admitted to an intensive care unit. Epinephrine was used in 57.9% of cases. Eighty‐four drugs were incriminated: antibiotics (49.6%), muscle relaxants, latex and anesthetics (15%), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (10.2%), acetaminophen (3.9%), iodinated or magnetic resonance imaging contrast media (4.2%), immunotherapy and vaccines (3.9%), and other drugs (13%). Among antibiotics, amoxicillin (97 cases), other penicillins (four cases), cephalosporins (41 cases), quinolones (15 cases), and pristinamycin (seven cases) were the most common. The diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity was obtained by skin tests in 72.9%, laboratory tests only in 2.4% of cases, and oral challenges (OCs) only in 3.9% of cases.ConclusionsThree hundred and thirty‐three case reports provided data on drugs involved in severe anaphylaxis. The efficacy of skin tests and poor use of laboratory tests are underlined. Further progress may depend on OCs.
The consequences of not having eosinophils
Authors: Gleich G. J. , Klion A. D. , Lee J. J. , Weller P. F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that deficiency of eosinophils is not associated with any characteristic abnormality. Patients lacking eosinophils, in the setting of immunodeficiency or as a consequence of IgG‐mediated eosinophil precursor destruction, do not display any distinguishing abnormalities related to eosinophil reduction. The observation that eosinophil‐deficient mice do not display any distinctive syndrome or failure of their health is evidence that, under ordinary laboratory conditions, the eosinophil does not play a critical role in the well‐being of mammals. Observations that monoclonal antibodies to interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) are well tolerated appear unsurprising in light of these findings. For example, patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome have received mepolizumab, an anti‐IL‐5 monoclonal antibody, for as long as 6 years and have not developed any characteristic set of adverse events. Safety data for reslizumab, another anti‐IL‐5 monoclonal antibody, and benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody to the IL‐5 receptor α‐chain, are comparatively limited, especially for benralizumab, although reports of administration of these antibodies to humans suggest that they are well tolerated. Thus, data to the present suggest that reduction of eosinophils appears to have no characteristic ill effects on normal health, and monoclonal antibodies that deplete eosinophils have the potential to be widely employed in the treatment of eosinophil‐associated diseases.
In Vitro Shear Stress‐Induced Platelet Activation: Sensitivity of Human and Bovine Blood
Authors: Lu Qijin , Hofferbert Bryan V. , Koo Grace , Malinauskas Richard A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs platelet activation plays a critical role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis, it is important in the overall hemocompatibility evaluation of new medical devices and biomaterials to assess their effects on platelet function. However, there are currently no widely accepted in vitro test methods to perform this assessment. In an effort to develop effective platelet tests for potential use in medical device evaluation, this study compared the sensitivity of platelet responses to shear stress stimulation of human and bovine blood using multiple platelet activation markers. Fresh whole blood samples anticoagulated with heparin or anticoagulant citrate dextrose, solution A (ACDA) were exposed to shear stresses up to 40 Pa for 2 min using a cone‐and‐plate rheometer model. Platelet activation was characterized by platelet counts, platelet surface P‐selectin expression, and serotonin release into blood plasma. The results indicated that exposure to shear stresses above 20 Pa caused significant changes in all three of the platelet markers for human blood and that the changes were usually greater with ACDA anticoagulation than with heparin. In contrast, for bovine blood, the markers did not change with shear stress stimulation except for plasma serotonin in heparin anticoagulated blood. The differences observed between human and bovine platelet responses suggest that the value of using bovine blood for in vitro platelet testing to evaluate devices may be limited.
CD27+ B cells from a subgroup of common variable immunodeficiency patients are less sensitive to apoptosis rescue regardless of interleukin-21 signalling
Authors: Clemente A , Pons J , Lanio N , Matamoros N , Ferrer J M 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia and recurrent infections. Although the underlying cause is unknown, B cells from most CVID patients fail to differentiate to memory or plasma cells. We investigated if increased apoptosis could influence the fate of B cells. For this purpose we activated purified B lymphocytes of CVID patients with a surrogate T-dependent (anti-CD40) or T-independent [cytosine–phosphate–guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) or anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)M)] stimulus with or without interleukin (IL)-21. We found that CD27+ B cells were more sensitive than CD27– B cells to spontaneous apoptosis and less sensitive to rescue from apoptosis. The addition of IL-21 down-modulated the protective effect of all the stimuli on CD27– B cells and the protective effect of CpG-ODN and anti-IgM on CD27+ B cells. In contrast, IL-21 rescued unstimulated CD27– B cells and improved the rescue of anti-CD40-stimulated CD27+ B cells. When we compared patients and controls, mainly CD27+ B cells from MB0 patients were less sensitive to rescue from apoptosis than those from MB1 patients and controls after activation, irrespective of the IL-21 effect. Increased apoptosis during an immune response could result in lower levels of immunoglobulin production in these patients.
Relationship of CD146 expression to activation of circulating T cells: exploratory studies in healthy donors and patients with connective tissue diseases
Authors: Hadjinicolaou A V , Wu L , Fang B , Watson P A , Hall F C , Busch R 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe endothelial cell adhesion molecule, CD146, is expressed on ≈ 2% of normal circulating T cells, correlating with T cell activation, endothelial interactions and T helper type 17 (Th17) effector functions. In this study, we have characterized CD146 expression in circulating T cells from healthy controls and patients with stable, well-controlled autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs). In vitro, anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation induced CD146 expression in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. In healthy controls and CTD patients, CD146 was associated with expression of recent and chronic activation markers (CD25+, OX-40+, CD69+, CD27–) and was confined to CD45RO+/RA–/CD28+ populations within the CD4 subset. Except for CD69, these markers were not associated with CD146 in the CD8 subset. Surprisingly, most CTD patients exhibited no T cell hyperactivation ex vivo. In five of five patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome circulating T cells appeared activated despite therapy, and CD146 up-regulation, associated with activation markers, was observed both on CD4 and CD8 T cells. There was no association between CD146 and putative pro-atherogenic T cell subsets. In conclusion, the relationship of CD146 expression to T cell activation differs between T cell subsets in healthy subjects and correlates with systemic hyperactivity, where present, in patients with CTDs, as exemplified by the patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome in this study.
Evolution of attachment structures in the highly diverse Acercaria (Hexapoda)
Authors: Friedemann Katrin , Spangenberg Rico , Yoshizawa Kazunori , Beutel Rolf G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAcercaria display an unusually broad array of adhesive devices occurring on different parts of the legs. Attachment structures of all major subgroups are described and illustrated. Nineteen characters of the distal leg region were combined with a data matrix containing 99 additional morphological characters of different body parts. The results of the cladistic analysis are largely congruent with current hypotheses. Zoraptera are not retrieved as close relatives of Acercaria. The monophyly of the entire lineage and of the major subgroups Psocodea, Phthiraptera, and Hemiptera is confirmed. Our data also support the monophyly of Auchenorrhycha and a sister‐group relationship between Thysanoptera and Hemiptera (Condylognatha). In contrast to other lineages of insects, the hairy type of adhesive device is present only in one group within the Acercaria (Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha). The arolium is present in the groundplan but missing in several groups (e.g. Psocodea, Cicadoidea, Aphidoidea). Pretarsal pulvilli evolved several times independently. Tarsal euplantulae and different specialized clasping devices have evolved within Phthiraptera, whereas pretarsal attachment devices are missing in this ectoparasitic group. The potential to modify pretarsal attachment devices in their structural details has probably contributed to the very successful diversification of the predominantly phytophagous Hemiptera.
No Plan B: But is There a ‘Third Way'?
Authors: Matthews Kent 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews the argument for a slowdown in the fiscal consolidation policy of the UK government. It reviews the existing literature and the evidence of the interwar period in the UK where a recovery occurred without a relaxation of the tight fiscal regime of the period. It argues that even in a zero‐lower‐bound, the evidence for a plan B is weak. Given that there may have been significant capacity destruction, the paper suggests a third way that calls for a supply‐side framework that sets the condition for an improvement in long‐term growth and productivity.
The Economics of Minimum Pricing for Alcohol
Authors: Craven Barrie M. , Marlow Michael L. , Shiers Alden F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article explores a wide range of issues that proponents of setting minimum prices for alcohol must resolve before they can safely claim their proposals improve public health and decrease public health care costs. Problems range from inability to know ‘correct’ prices and why tacking on pricing regulations to markets already taxed makes sense, to various unintended adverse consequences such as generating higher demand for illegal drugs and alcohol. It also remains unclear why advocates would not prefer to raise taxes since this is the typical method that economists propose to correct markets in which harm spills over to innocent parties.
Challenging The Spirit Level: Is There Really a Relationship between Inequality and Obesity?
Authors: Zala Darshan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the proposition, set out in The Spirit Level, that inequality is associated with high levels of obesity. It reviews existing literature and uses British Household Panel Survey data to study how district‐level and regional‐level income inequality is related to obesity in the UK. This is likely to be the first study of its type that uses individual‐level data that is representative of the UK population. We find little evidence to support policies that reduce income inequality with the aim of reducing obesity levels in the UK.
Does the Lisbon Treaty Effectively Limit the Power of the European Union?
Authors: Ciclet Émilie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough the Lisbon Treaty recognises the necessity to limit the power of the European Union, some of its limitations are poorly expressed. As a result, the European Commission has the possibility to act arbitrarily by expanding Union power. The position of the Commission is pre‐eminent, notably with respect to the drafting of EU measures. Not only can the Commission expand Union power, but it may also favour certain actors at the expense of the principals (Member States and their citizens). Indeed, the Commission may apply definitions of the ‘common European interest’ that go beyond the preferences of the principals.
Validation of Two‐Dimensional Methods for Left Atrial Volume Measurement: A Comparison of Echocardiography with Cardiac Computed Tomography
Authors: Al‐Mohaissen Maha A. , Kazmi Mustapha H. , Chan Kwan Leung , Chow Benjamin J.W. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundLeft atrial volume (LAVol) is an important predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. Different formulas are applied to calculate LAVol using two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) with variable reference values. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of methods to calculate LAVol by 2DTTE or cardiac computed tomography (CT).Methods and ResultsOverall 177 consecutive patients who underwent both a 2DTTE and retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG)‐gated coronary CT angiography (CTA) within 15 days were included for this study. LA volume measurements were calculated by 2DTTE and 2DCT using the biplane area‐length, biplane Simpson's, prolate‐ellipsoid‐1 and prolate‐ellipsoid‐2 methods. These results were compared with those measured by CT using a volumetric method. There was very good correlation between the CT and echocardiographic measures for LAVol, but significant underestimation of the echocardiographic methods when compared to the reference standard (33.5%, 39.1%, 48.1%, and 53.2% for the biplane area‐length, biplane Simpson's, prolate‐ellipsoid‐1, and prolate‐ellipsoid‐2 methods, respectively). The biplane area‐length method using 2DTTE had the closest volume estimation of all echocardiographic methods to the reference standard (67.6 ± 25.5 mL vs. 106 ± 35.5 mL, r = 0.712). Similarly, the biplane area‐length method using CT most accurately predicted LAVol (103.3 ± 36.0 mL, r = 0.965).ConclusionsCompared to CT, 2DTTE provides reasonable assessment of LAVol, although all measurement methods underestimate LAVol. For both 2DTTE and CT, the biplane area‐length method appears to provide the most accurate 2D estimate of LAVol.