bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A population analysis of self‐management and health‐related quality of life for chronic musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: Hoon Elizabeth A. , Gill Tiffany K. , Pham Clarabelle , Gray Jodi , Beilby Justin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing policy emphasis on self‐management as an essential component of musculoskeletal chronic care models. Underpinning this drive is the assumption that with correct ‘informational’ framing people will better manage their condition's progression and thereby maintain quality of life.ObjectiveTo assess associations between self‐management behaviours and health‐related quality of life for people with chronic musculoskeletal conditions.DesignUsing survey data from health census and follow‐up structured telephone interviews, linear regression (cumulatively adjusted for potential confounders) and logistic regression examined associations between use of specific self‐management behaviours and quality of life.Setting and participantsA total of 885 respondents (2012) who indicated still having a musculoskeletal condition reported in a 2010 health census (Port Lincoln, South Australia).VariablesSpecific self‐management activities, age, sex, education, marital status, smoking, comorbidities and pain.Outcome measureEQ‐5D‐5L.ResultsExercise (63%) and diet (19%) were the most commonly reported self‐management activities used to manage musculoskeletal conditions. About 24% reported not using any specific self‐management activities. Involvement in self‐management showed no association with quality of life, with and without adjustment for confounders. Diet had a negative association with quality of life as did use of formal support (self‐management course or community group support).DiscussionTaking a real‐world perspective, these findings raise important questions about how people currently engage with self‐management activities and the kinds of outcomes that can be expected from undertaking these activities. The timing of people's uptake of self‐management within the musculoskeletal disease continuum is an issue requiring further attention in both research and practice.
Clinicopathological features and outcomes in patients with late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after radical surgery
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Saito Toshihiro , Kitamura Yasuo , Bilim Vladimir , Toba Tomotaka , Kawasaki Takashi , Hara Noboru , Tanikawa Toshiki , Tomita Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo characterize patients experiencing late recurrence after primary radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma and to approach the mechanism of late recurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 657 consecutive patients who underwent radical surgery for pathologically confirmed ≤stage III renal cell carcinoma in a single institution between January 1981 and December 2008. Early or late recurrence was defined as a recurrence occurring before or after 60 months after primary surgery.ResultsOf 657 patients, 96 (14.6%) experienced early recurrence, and 41 (6.2%) developed late recurrence. Patients with late recurrence had smaller diameter of primary tumor (median 5 cm vs 8 cm, P < 0.001), lower pathological stage (P < 0.001) and lower nuclear grade (P = 0.004) at primary surgery than those with early recurrence. On multivariate analysis, vascular invasion (including microscopic and gross invasion) was the predictor of late recurrence (P < 0.01, HR 3.79). Overall survival and disease‐specific survival after recurrence were longer in patients with late recurrence (median 64 and 76 months, respectively) than in those with early recurrence (34.5 and 35 months, respectively; P = 0.008 and 0.002).ConclusionsThese results suggest that micrometastasis at the time of surgery associated with vascular invasion at primary tumor site and their relatively lower malignant potential could lead to late recurrence. Further studies are warranted for better understanding and managing late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma.
Nurses' pain assessment practices with critically ill adult patients
Authors: Kizza I.B. , Muliira J.K. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the perceived barriers, enablers and acute pain assessment practices of nurses caring for critically ill adult patients in a resource‐limited setting.BackgroundAcute pain is a common problem among critically ill adult patients, and nurses' play a central role in its control. Very few studies have examined nurses' acute pain assessment practices in resource‐limited settings.MethodsA descriptive and cross‐sectional design was used. A total of 170 nurses working in a Ugandan hospital were enrolled. Data were collected using a questionnaire measuring various aspects of pain assessment for critically ill adult patients.ResultsThe majority of nurses had poor pain assessment practices. The most commonly performed pain assessment practices were documenting assessment findings, discussing pain assessment and management during nurse‐to‐nurse reports, and assessing for analgesics need before wound care. The main barriers to pain assessment were workload; lack of education and familiarity with assessment tools; poor documentation and communication of pain assessment priorities. The only reported enabler was physician's prescriptions for analgesia. Pain assessment practices were significantly associated with perceived workload and priority given to pain assessment.ConclusionPain assessment practices of nurses caring for critically ill adult patients in a resource‐limited setting are affected by several barriers.Implication for nursing and health policyInterventions to reduce barriers and enhance enablers of acute pain assessment are needed to improve pain management in critically ill adult patients. To be effective, the interventions have to be holistic and implemented by professional bodies and employers of nurses.
Reconciling nuclear risk: the impact of the Fukushima accident on comparative preferences for nuclear power in U.K. electricity generation
Authors: Jones Christopher R. , Elgueta Herman , Eiser J. Richard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPolls conducted in the United Kingdom following the Fukushima nuclear accident (March 2011) indicated a fairly muted and temporary shift in public approval of nuclear power. This study investigated how: (a) comparative preferences for nuclear power in the United Kingdom might have been affected by the accident; and (b) how “supporters” of nuclear power reconciled their pro‐nuclear attitude in the wake of the disaster. Between‐subjects comparisons with a pre‐Fukushima sample revealed our post‐Fukushima sample to have comparable preferences for nuclear power. Further analysis suggested that “supporters” retained their pro‐nuclear stance in response to Fukushima by emphasizing the necessity of nuclear power in the U.K. context. The theoretical, practical and methodological implications for these findings are discussed.
Vascular imaging with contrast agent in hard and soft tissues using microcomputed‐tomography
Authors: BLERY P. , PILET P. , VANDEN‐BOSSCHE A. , THERY A. , GUICHEUX J. , AMOURIQ Y. , ESPITALIER F. , MATHIEU N. , WEISS P. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryVascularization is essential for many tissues and is a main requisite for various tissue‐engineering strategies. Different techniques are used for highlighting vasculature, in vivo and ex vivo, in 2‐D or 3‐D including histological staining, immunohistochemistry, radiography, angiography, microscopy, computed tomography (CT) or micro‐CT, both stand‐alone and synchrotron system. Vascularization can be studied with or without a contrast agent. This paper presents the results obtained with the latest Skyscan micro‐CT (Skyscan 1272, Bruker, Belgium) following barium sulphate injection replacing the bloodstream in comparison with results obtained with a Skyscan In Vivo 1076. Different hard and soft tissues were perfused with contrast agent and were harvested. Samples were analysed using both forms of micro‐CT, and improved results were shown using this new micro‐CT. This study highlights the vasculature using micro‐CT methods. The results obtained with the Skyscan 1272 are clearly defined compared to results obtained with Skyscan 1076. In particular, this instrument highlights the high number of small vessels, which were not seen before at lower resolution. This new micro‐CT opens broader possibilities in detection and characterization of the 3‐D vascular tree to assess vascular tissue engineering strategies.
Multifractal characterization of morphology of human red blood cells membrane skeleton
Authors: ŢĂLU Ş. , STACH S. , KACZMARSKA M. , FORNAL M. , GRODZICKI T. , POHORECKI W. , BURDA K. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to show applicability of multifractal analysis in investigations of the morphological changes of ultra‐structures of red blood cells (RBCs) membrane skeleton measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Human RBCs obtained from healthy and hypertensive donors as well as healthy erythrocytes irradiated with neutrons (45 μGy) were studied. The membrane skeleton of the cells was imaged using AFM in a contact mode. Morphological characterization of the three‐dimensional RBC surfaces was realized by a multifractal method. The nanometre scale study of human RBCs surface morphology revealed a multifractal geometry. The generalized dimensions Dq and the singularity spectrum f(α) provided quantitative values that characterize the local scale properties of their membrane skeleton organization. Surface characterization was made using areal ISO 25178‐2: 2012 topography parameters in combination with AFM topography measurement. The surface structure of human RBCs is complex with hierarchical substructures resulting from the organization of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. The analysed AFM images confirm a multifractal nature of the surface that could be useful in histology to quantify human RBC architectural changes associated with different disease states. In case of very precise measurements when the red cell surface is not wrinkled even very fine differences can be uncovered as was shown for the erythrocytes treated with a very low dose of ionizing radiation.
Microstructure and oxidation behaviour investigation of rhodium modified aluminide coating deposited on CMSX 4 superalloy
Authors: ZAGULA‐YAVORSKA MARYANA , MORGIEL JERZY , ROMANOWSKA JOLANTA , SIENIAWSKI JAN 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe CMSX 4 superalloy was coated with rhodium 0.5‐μm thick layer and next aluminized by the CVD method. The coating consisted of two layers: the additive and the interdiffusion one. The outward diffusion of nickel from the substrate turned out to be a coating growth dominating factor. The additive layer consists of the β‐NiAl phase, whereas the interdiffusion layer consists of the β‐NiAl phase with precipitates of σ and μ phases. Rhodium has dissolved in the coating up to the same level in the matrix and in the precipitates. The oxidation test proved that the rhodium modified aluminide coating showed about twice better oxidation resistance than the nonmodified one.
Electronic messaging support service programs improve adherence to lipid‐lowering therapy among outpatients with coronary artery disease: an exploratory randomised control study
Authors: Fang Ronghua , Li Xia 
Published: November 2015

Aims and objectivesTo compare drug adherence to lipid‐lowering therapy among outpatients with coronary artery disease who received information via short message service, via short message service and Micro Letter, or via phone only.BackgroundMessaging applications and short message service are commonly used internationally. However, little is known about how coronary artery disease outpatients in China may benefit from receiving health education through these technologies.DesignRandom sampling method.MethodsData were collected from March–December 2013. Subjects from Chengdu City, China, were randomised to three groups: short message service, short message service + Micro Letter, and phone (control). Appointment reminders and health information were delivered to patients in accordance with designations. After six months, adherence to statin prescriptions was compared among the groups by using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine those independent variables that were related to adherence.ResultsThe short message service and short message service + Micro Letter groups had better cumulative adherence (lower Morisky Medication Adherence Scale scores) after six months than phone group, and the short message service + Micro Letter group had better cumulative adherence (lower Morisky Medication Adherence Scale scores) than the short message service group. Female sex, older age and marriage show positive associations with adherence.ConclusionsShort message service and messaging applications, such as Micro Letter, are effective means of providing discharged patients with reminders and coronary artery disease‐related health information. Implementation of a short message service + Micro Letter program can improve outpatient adherence to medication.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research offers useful information to help medical staff design effective interventions to improve medication compliance among coronary artery disease patients.
Therapeutic effects of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
Authors: Omar S. A. , Webb A. J. , Lundberg J. O. , Weitzberg E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is generated endogenously by NO synthases to regulate a number of physiological processes including cardiovascular and metabolic functions. A decrease in the production and bioavailability of NO is a hallmark of many major chronic diseases including hypertension, ischaemia–reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis and diabetes. This NO deficiency is mainly caused by dysfunctional NO synthases and increased scavenging of NO by the formation of reactive oxygen species. Inorganic nitrate and nitrite are emerging as substrates for in vivo NO synthase‐independent formation of NO bioactivity. These anions are oxidation products of endogenous NO generation and are also present in the diet, with green leafy vegetables having a high nitrate content. The effects of nitrate and nitrite are diverse and include vasodilatation, improved endothelial function, enhanced mitochondrial efficiency and reduced generation of reactive oxygen species. Administration of nitrate or nitrite in animal models of cardiovascular disease shows promising results, and clinical trials are currently ongoing to investigate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, peripheral artery disease and myocardial infarction. In addition, the nutritional aspects of the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway are interesting as diets suggested to protect against cardiovascular disease, such as the Mediterranean diet, are especially high in nitrate. Here, we discuss the potential therapeutic opportunities for nitrate and nitrite in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
K‐12 School Food Service Staff Training Interventions: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Stephens Lacy , Byker Shanks Carmen 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool food service professionals are vital to implementing national nutrition standards in school meal programs. Appropriate and effective training for these professionals may be one key to producing healthful meals that students are excited to eat and also meet United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutrient guidelines. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the scope of interventions conducted with food service staff.METHODSPubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Science Direct databases were searched for articles detailing school food service training interventions in K‐12 school settings within the United States.RESULTSOf 2341 articles retrieved, 17 articles describing 14 food service training interventions met the inclusion criteria. While food service staff training was an important component of many comprehensive school health and school meal interventions, there were few studies that specifically addressed school food service staff trainings. Although some best practices can be concluded from the current literature, major gaps in knowledge about effective school food service training interventions and validated research tools remain.CONCLUSIONSAs new professional standards are mandated by the USDA, a more thorough evaluation and understanding of best practices is vital to maximize the effectiveness of food service staff training.
Association Between Bullying Victimization and Health Risk Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States
Authors: Hertz Marci Feldman , Everett Jones Sherry , Barrios Lisa , David‐Ferdon Corinne , Holt Melissa 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildhood exposure to adverse experiences has been associated with adult asthma, smoking, sexually transmitted disease, obesity, substance use, depression, and sleep disturbances. Conceptualizing bullying as an adverse childhood experience, 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data were used to examine the relationship between in‐person and electronic bullying victimization among US high school students and health risk behaviors and conditions related to violence, substance use, sexual risk, overweight and physical activity, sleep, and asthma.METHODSData were from the 2011 national YRBS among students who answered questions about in‐person and electronic bullying (N = 13,846). The YRBS is a biennial, nationally representative survey of students in grades 9‐12 (overall response rate = 71%). Logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex and controlling for race/ethnicity and grade, examined the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors or conditions.RESULTSRates of victimization varied; 9.4% of students reported being bullied in‐person and electronically, 10.8% only bullied in‐person, 6.8% only electronically bullied, and 73.0% uninvolved. Bullying was associated with nearly all health risk behaviors and conditions studied.CONCLUSIONAssessing the broad functioning and behaviors of victims of bullying could enable educators and health practitioners to intervene early and promote the long‐term health of youth.
Twelve‐Month Effects of the COPE Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program on Overweight and Depressive Symptoms in High School Adolescents
Authors: Melnyk Bernadette M. , Jacobson Diana , Kelly Stephanie A. , Belyea Michael J. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. , Small Leigh , O'Haver Judith A. , Marsiglia Flavio F. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe evaluated the 12‐month effects of the COPE (Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment) Healthy Lifestyles TEEN (Thinking, Emotions, Exercise, Nutrition) program versus an attention control program (Healthy Teens) on overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms in high school adolescents.METHODSA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were 779 culturally diverse adolescents in the US Southwest. COPE is a cognitive‐behavioral skills‐building intervention with 20 min of physical activity integrated into a health course and taught by teachers once a week for 15 weeks. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI) and depressive symptoms.RESULTSCOPE teens had a significantly lower BMI at 12 months (F1,698 = 11.22, p = .001) than Healthy Teens (24.95 versus 25.48). There was a significant decrease in the proportion of overweight and obese COPE teens from baseline to 12 months (χ2 = 5.40, p = .02) as compared with Healthy Teens. For youth who began the study with extremely elevated depressive symptoms, COPE teens had significantly lower depression at 12 months compared with Healthy Teens (COPE M = 42.39; Healthy Teens M = 57.90); (F1,12 = 5.78, p = .03).CONCLUSIONSCOPE can improve long‐term physical and mental health outcomes in teens.
Promoting multi‐micronutrient powders (MNP) in Peru: acceptance by caregivers and role of health personnel
Authors: Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary , Bartolini Rosario , Abad Melissa , Arevalo Varinia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIron deficiency causes anaemia and other adverse effects on the nutritional status and development of millions of children. Multi‐micronutrient powders (MNP) have been shown to reduce anaemia in young children. In Peru, 50% of children 6–36 months are anaemic. Since 2009, the government has started distributing MNP. This qualitative study explored the acceptability of MNP by caregivers and the role of health personnel (HP) in three regions (Apurimac, Ayacucho and Cajamarca), piloting the MNP programme between 2009 and 2011. Data collection consisted of interviews (35) and observations (13) with caregivers and HP (11). In Cajamarca, 16 families were visited three times in their homes to understand caregivers' use and difficulties. Results showed the critical role HP has in influencing caregiver understanding and use of the MNP, as well as the need for training to avoid confusing messages and provide counselling techniques that consider cultural sensitivity to optimize HP interactions with caregivers and adapt the recommendations for MNP use to local family feeding routines. There was greater acceptance of MNP by caregivers giving semi‐solid foods (e.g. purees) to their children than those who served dilute preparations (e.g. soups). Acceptance was similar across regions, but there were some differences between urban and rural settings. Home visits were shown to be a key in improving the use of MNP by caregivers as misunderstandings on preparation, required consistency and optimum practices were common. These findings can contribute to strategies to enhance acceptability and use.Key messages

Acceptance and use of multi‐micronutrient powders (MNP) by caregivers greatly depend upon how it is presented, promoted and counselled by health personnel.
Counselling for MNP use needs to consider and adapt to the local cultural context and incorporate family and child feeding routines.
MNP are presented as part of appropriate feeding practices, encouraging caregivers to find simple and acceptable ways of giving semi‐solid or solid foods with which to mix it.
© 2015 Blackwell Publishing Ltd