bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Domains and DSM‐IV Lifetime Substance Dependence
Authors: Ameringer Katherine J. , Leventhal Adam M. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesMost studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the substance dependence literature have assessed ADHD as a single, categorical entity. This approach limits characterization across the spectrum of ADHD symptomatology and may mask differences across the two core domains of ADHD symptoms—hyperactive‐impulsive (HI) and inattention (IN). Further, it is unclear whether relations of HI and IN symptoms to substance dependence extend across drug classes and to the general population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study investigated associations of lifetime ADHD HI and IN symptom levels to individual classes of lifetime substance dependence (alcohol, nicotine, depressants, opioids, stimulants, cannabis, hallucinogens, polysubstance) in a population‐based sample of 34,653 American adults.ResultsHI and IN were associated with the majority of dependence diagnoses in a linear pattern, such that each additional symptom was associated with a proportional increase in odds of dependence. After adjusting for the overlap between symptom domains, both HI and IN uniquely associated with alcohol, nicotine, and polysubstance dependence, but only HI uniquely associated with dependence on illicit substances.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThese findings suggest that individuals in the general population with elevated levels of ADHD (particularly HI) symptoms are at risk for various forms of substance dependence and could benefit from preventive interventions. (Am J Addict 2012;XX:000–000) (Am J Addict 2013;22:23‐32)
Biomass Production, Nutritional and Mineral Content of Desiccation‐Sensitive and Desiccation‐Tolerant Species of Sporobolus under Multiple Irrigation Regimes
Authors: Yobi A. , Schlauch K. A. , Perryman B. , Oliver M. J. , Cushman J. C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe development of low‐water‐input forages would be useful for improving the water‐use efficiency of livestock production in semi‐arid and arid regions. The desiccation‐tolerant (DT) species Sporobolus stapfianus Gandoger and two desiccation‐sensitive (DS) species, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Sporobolus fimbriatus (Trin.) Nees. (Poaceae), were evaluated for aerial biomass production and seed productivity under three different irrigation regimes. Sporobolus stapfianus displayed the least biomass production, whereas S. pyramidalis and S. fimbriatus produced up to 3.8‐ and 11.2‐fold greater dry biomass, respectively, at the highest irrigation rate of 12 334 l (0.01 acre‐feet). Sporobolus fimbriatus and to a lesser extent S. pyramidalis showed significant increases in biomass production in response to increased irrigation rates, whereas S. stapfianus did not. Sporobolus pyramidalis and S. fimbriatus exhibited 3.2‐ and 6.0‐fold greater seed production, respectively, in response to increased irrigation rates, whereas S. stapfianus showed only a 1.4‐fold increase. All Sporobolus species possessed forage quality traits (e.g. crude protein, fibre content) comparable to those of timothy, a forage grass grown widely in the Great Basin in the western United States. Micronutrient content exceeded the minimum requirements of beef cattle, without surpassing tolerable limits, with the exception of zinc, which appeared low in all three Sporobolus species. The low water requirements displayed by these species, combined with their acceptable forage qualities, indicate that these grasses have the potential to serve farmers and ranchers in semi‐arid and arid regions of the western United States where irrigation resources are limited.
The Influence of the Precursor on the Formation of Bi2O3 Polymorphs in CSD‐Derived Thin Films
Authors: Veber Asja , Kunej Špela , Suvorov Danilo 
Published: February 2013

This work examines the synthesis and characterization of crack‐free, β‐Bi2O3 thin films prepared on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si or corundum substrates using the sol‐gel method. We observed that the Bi‐based precursor has a pronounced influence on the β‐Bi2O3 phase formation. Well‐crystallized, single β‐Bi2O3 thin films were obtained from Bi‐2ethylhexanoate at a temperature of 400°C. In contrast, thin films deposited from Bi‐nitrate and Bi‐acetate resulted in non‐single Bi2O3 phase formation. TEOS was used for the stabilization of the β‐Bi2O3 phase. The phase composition of the thin films was characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), whereas the morphology and thickness of the thin films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The β‐Bi2O3 films' dielectric properties were characterized utilizing microwave‐frequency measurement techniques: (1) the split‐post dielectric resonator method (15 GHz) and (2) the planar capacitor configuration (1–5 GHz). The dielectric constant and dielectric loss measured at 15 GHz were 257 and 7.5 × 10−3, respectively.
Structural and ultrastructural evidence for telocytes in prostate stroma
Authors: Corradi Lara S. , Jesus Mariana M. , Fochi Ricardo A. , Vilamaior Patricia S. L. , Justulin‐ Luis A. , Góes Rejane M. , Felisbino Sérgio L. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe prostate comprises a glandular epithelium embedded within a fibromuscular stroma. The stroma is a complex arrangement of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components in addition to growth factors, regulatory molecules, remodelling enzymes, blood vessels, nerves and immune cells. The principal sources of ECM components are fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (SMC), which synthesize the structural and regulatory components of the ECM. Telocytes (TCs) were recently described as a novel stromal cell type that exhibited characteristic features. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of TCs in prostate stromal tissue of gerbils, as the stromal compartment of this gland is a dynamic microenvironment. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), light microscopy and immunohistochemistry methods to provide morphological evidence for the presence of TCs. Cells that resembled TCs were observed in gerbil prostatic stroma. These cells had small cellular bodies with very thin and extremely long cellular processes. They were found primarily in the subepithelial area and also at the periphery of SMC layers. TCs also exhibited moniliform processes, caveolae and nuclei surrounded by small amounts of cytoplasm. Close contacts between TC podomers were evident, particularly in the adjacent epithelial compartment. This morphological evidence supported the presence of TCs in the gerbil prostatic stroma, which we report for the first time.
Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Release into the Hypophyseal Portal Blood of the Ewe Mirrors Both Pulsatile and Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Kisspeptin: An Insight into Kisspeptin's Mechanism of Action
Authors: Caraty A. , Lomet D. , Sébert M. E. , Guillaume D. , Beltramo M. , Evans N. P. 
Published: February 2013

Recent studies have demonstrated that kisspeptin (Kp) administration, given as a slow constant infusion of Kp10 (the shortest endogenous form of the Kp molecules which carries biological activity), is able to stimulate gonadotrophin secretion and induce ovulation in anoestrus acyclic ewes. Detailed analysis of peripheral luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations, obtained at 10‐min intervals, suggested that this Kp10 treatment induced the continuous release of gonadotrophins. Whether this apparent constant secretion of LH resulted from a continuous elevation of GnRH or discrete high‐frequency pulses could not be determined. In the present study, we monitored the patterns of gonadotrophin‐releasing homrone (GnRH) secreted into hypophyseal portal blood (HPB) and LH in the peripheral circulation when Kp10 was administered either as discrete pulses or by means of a continuous infusion. Samples of HPB and peripheral blood were obtained at 2 and 10‐min intervals, respectively, over a 6‐h period, from anoestrous acyclic ewes that received an i.v. bolus injection of Kp10 at 1 h and an infusion of Kp10 between hours 2 and 6. GnRH release following Kp10 administration appeared to be dose‐dependent, with larger responses being seen to the 20 μg bolus and 20 μg/h infusion than to the 10 μg bolus and 10 μg/h infusion, with the latter being marginally effective in inducing LH release. Bolus injections of Kp10 (either 20 or 10 μg) induced a sharp GnRH pulse in HPB and a discrete LH pulse in peripheral blood. By contrast, constant infusion of Kp10 (either 20 or 10 μg/h for 4 h) induced a sustained increase in baseline GnRH secretion with no convincing evidence of strictly episodic release. Values remained continuously elevated in HPB. No sign of pituitary desensitisation was observed at either concentration. Finally, i.v. injection of a large bolus (500 μg) of Kp10 produced immediate pharmacological concentrations of Kp10 in the peripheral circulation but were not associated with detectable levels of the peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid. In summary, our results demonstrate that the mode of Kp10 administration (pulsatile versus continuous) is important in shaping the pattern of GnRH secretion and suggests that this regulatory effect is most likely exerted at the level of the terminals of GnRH neurones. Moreover our data also suggest that Kp is involved in, rather than having a permissive role in, the control of endogenous GnRH pulsatility.
The importance of nutrition, diet and lifestyle advice for cancer survivors – the role of nursing staff and interprofessional workers
Authors: Murphy Jane L , Girot Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine current guidelines and the evidence base to illustrate the importance of nutrition, diet and lifestyle advice to support people who have survived cancer and help them integrate back into normal life, improve their quality of life and potentially improve their chance of long‐term survival.BackgroundCancer survivors need to know about nutrition and other lifestyle behaviour changes to help them recover and potentially reduce the risk of the same cancer recurring or a new cancer developing. From this perspective, frontline registered nurses are in a prime position to support cancer survivors who are in their care.DesignDiscursive paper.MethodsOn the basis of the international research evidence and a critical analysis of recent policy and practice literature, themes emerged, which illustrate the importance of nutrition, diet and lifestyle advice for cancer survivors. This paper discusses the need for more focused education and greater interprofessional working for quality care delivery.ConclusionNew professional guidance for emerging frontline nurses indicates they should be able to provide appropriate and more consistent advice on nutritional issues, physical activity and weight management, although more research is needed to understand the right mode of nutrition training. Additionally, interprofessional working needs improving as well as encouraging cancer survivors to respond.Relevance to clinical practiceHigh‐quality nutrition education and training is required for nurses working across both the acute and primary care sectors. They require this to effectively monitor and advise patients and to know when, where and from whom they can access more specialist help. Interprofessional collaborative working across multi‐centre settings (National Health Service and non‐National Health Service) is key to provide the best effective care and support for cancer survivors.
Performance of infrared ear and forehead thermometers: a comparative study in 205 febrile and afebrile children
Authors: Hamilton Patricia A , Marcos Lorenzo S , Secic Michelle 
Published: February 2013

Aims and objectivesThis study compared readings from two professional‐grade, commercially available infrared (IR) thermometers, the ThermoScan® PRO 4000 prewarmed tip ear thermometer and the Temporal Scanner™ TAT‐5000 temporal artery thermometer.BackgroundThe repeatability and precision of readings from IR thermometers for professional use were questioned in the past, but in recent years, these types of thermometers have been technologically improved, so their ability to replicate standard temperature readings reliably should be re‐examined.DesignFebrile and afebrile children were recruited from the emergency department, overflow treatment areas and the paediatric intensive care unit of a large hospital in Argentina. Each child had a randomised sequence of seven temperature readings, including three from the ear, three from the forehead or behind the ear and one reference oral or rectal reading.MethodsTemperature readings were taken with the ThermoScan PRO 4000, the Temporal Scanner TAT‐5000 and the monitor mode of SureTemp® Plus, a widely used professional‐grade contact thermometer, for reference.ResultsOf 205 children, 46% were febrile, per reference thermometer readings. While mean ThermoScan PRO 4000 febrile measurements did not differ significantly from reference, mean Temporal Scanner TAT‐5000 febrile measurements were significantly lower (by a mean of 0·42 °C) than the reference. Overall bias of the ThermoScan PRO 4000 was significantly lower than that of the Temporal Scanner TAT‐5000; repeatability was 1·5 times higher, and overall false‐negative rate was about a third that of Temporal Scanner TAT‐5000, when compared to the reference.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the ThermoScan PRO 4000 provides measurements closer to those of a professional‐grade contact thermometer when compared to the Temporal Scanner TAT‐5000.Relevance to clinical practiceThe odds of misclassifying a febrile child as non‐febrile were about threefold higher with the Temporal Scanner TAT‐5000 temporal artery thermometer than with the ThermoScan® PRO 4000 ear thermometer.
The Seller's Perspective on Determinants of Acquisition Likelihood: Insights from China's Beer Industry
Authors: Zeng Yuping , Douglas Thomas J. , Wu Changqi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study investigates acquisition antecedents during China's transition from a planned to a market‐based economic system. Because of contextual realities such as a lack of freely tradable targets for buyers, the seller's willingness to sell is critical for acquisition occurrence in transition economies. We therefore take the seller's perspective and examine factors underlying firms' willingness to sell. We posit that selling is a decision based on the evaluation of a firm's prospects determined by its embeddedness within the planned system, organizational changes it undertook during the transition, and its ability to adjust its strategy according to the evolving strengths of the planning and marketing institutions. Data from the Chinese beer industry from 1995 to 2004 show that acquisition likelihood is high for firms founded as SOEs, low for firms having attracted more private investment or undertaken multiple changes, and has a U‐shaped relationship with firms' relative investment in marketing resources.
Case–Control Study of a Multistate Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy Outbreak
Authors: Traub‐Dargatz J.L. , Pelzel‐McCluskey A.M. , Creekmore L.H. , Geiser‐Novotny S. , Kasari T.R. , Wiedenheft A.M. , Bush E.J. , Bjork K.E. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundA large multistate outbreak of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) occurred in May 2011 among horses that participated in a competitive event.ObjectiveTo identify EHM risk factors among horses with a common exposure venue.AnimalsA total of 123 horses: 19 horses with EHM, 14 equine herpesvirus‐1 cases with no reported neurologic signs, and 90 control horses.MethodsEHM case survey data were compared with data from EHV‐1 cases with no neurologic signs and healthy controls using univariable and multivariable methods.ResultsSignificant factors associated with higher risk for EHM compared with EHV‐1 cases with no neurologic signs were (1) greater number of biosecurity risks at the event, (2) female sex, (3) increasing number of classes competed in at the event, and (4) an interaction between sex and number of classes competed in. In the EHM versus controls comparison, in addition to sex and biosecurity risks, factors associated with higher EHM risk included EHV‐1 vaccination in the 5 weeks before the event and increasing number of events attended in April 2011; zinc dietary supplementation was associated with decreased risk. An interaction between sex and the number of events attended in April 2011 also was significant.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFindings from this study suggest that dietary zinc supplementation may be associated with decreased risk of EHM. Several factors were associated with increased risk of EHM. Additional investigations of factors associated with risk of EHM are warranted to evaluate the importance of these factors in this complex disease of horses.
Human food choice and nutritional interventions
Authors: Chadwick P. M. , Crawford C. , Ly L. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWhen it comes to changing human dietary behaviour, it is increasingly recognised that knowledge is not enough. Nevertheless, the majority of nutritional interventions designed to improve dietary quality are educational in nature and are predicated on the assumption that eating behaviour is primarily the product of a conscious and rational decision‐making processes. The study of human food choice challenges the adequacy of this assumption and questions the sufficiency of knowledge‐based interventions. The determinants of food choice are complex and are shaped by biological, developmental, social, cultural and economic forces. This article presents a selection of food choice research relevant to the development of healthy eating practices and illustrates how interventions based on psychological and social influences could lead to improved outcomes.
Development of ‘My Meal Mate’ – A smartphone intervention for weight loss
Authors: Carter M. C. , Burley V. J. , Cade J. E. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObesity is a major public health issue and research is turning to information communication technologies as a means to deliver weight management interventions. A smartphone application (app) which allows the user to self monitor food intake and physical activity could be one such convenient and wide reaching approach. A smartphone app called ‘My Meal Mate’ (MMM) has been developed which uses behavioural strategies of goal setting, self monitoring and feedback to aid weight management. The development of the app has been informed by focus groups with potential system users and by benchmarking against popular diet tracking applications available to download. This paper describes the MMM app, discusses its development and outlines plans for further investigation.
Daily physical activity assessment with accelerometers: new insights and validation studies
Authors: Plasqui G. , Bonomi A. G. , Westerterp K. R. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe field of application of accelerometry is diverse and ever expanding. Because by definition all physical activities lead to energy expenditure, the doubly labelled water (DLW) method as gold standard to assess total energy expenditure over longer periods of time is the method of choice to validate accelerometers in their ability to assess daily physical activities. The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic overview of all recent (2007–2011) accelerometer validation studies using DLW as the reference. The PubMed Central database was searched using the following keywords: doubly or double labelled or labeled water in combination with accelerometer, accelerometry, motion sensor, or activity monitor. Limits were set to include articles from 2007 to 2011, as earlier publications were covered in a previous review. In total, 38 articles were identified, of which 25 were selected to contain sufficient new data. Eighteen different accelerometers were validated. There was a large variability in accelerometer output and their validity to assess daily physical activity. Activity type recognition has great potential to improve the assessment of physical activity‐related health outcomes. So far, there is little evidence that adding other physiological measures such as heart rate significantly improves the estimation of energy expenditure.
A Non-Parametric Model of Residual Brand Equity in Hierarchical Branding Structures with Application to US Beer Data
Authors: Voleti Sudhir , Ghosh Pulak 
Published: February 2013

SummaryProduct offerings in many grocery product categories in supermarkets display varied branding structures built around a discernible branding hierarchy typically comprising brands, subbrands and stock keeping units. Firms often want to know what contribution each layer in the brand hierarchy brings to overall product value, and precisely how much of this contribution comes from unique branding associations (we term this value contribution the ‘residual equity’ of that branding layer). We make the economic argument that, in mature product categories, profit maximizing firms would retain the upper levels of the branding structure only if they were value enhancing. Using only aggregate sales and product data, we develop a semiparametric Bayesian method for a market response model to estimate jointly the residual equity of each layer in the branding structure while accommodating certain a priori restrictions on the equity values. Our proposed model is simple yet flexible and avoids common drawbacks in extant approaches. We implement our model on AC Nielsen beer category data from US supermarkets. We find that residual equity exists, is sizable in magnitude and sales impact, is heterogeneous in occurrence across the branding structure, yields realistic brand valuations and bears managerially relevant insights and implications.
Procrastination and the Priority of Short‐Term Mood Regulation: Consequences for Future Self
Authors: Sirois Fuschia , Pychyl Timothy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractProcrastination is a common and pervasive problem associated with a range of negative outcomes across a variety of life domains that often occurs when people are faced with tasks that are seen as aversive. In this paper, we argue that as a form of self‐regulation failure, procrastination has a great deal to do with short‐term mood repair and emotion regulation. Moreover, we contend that a temporal understanding of self and the mood‐regulating processes involved in goal pursuit is particularly important in understanding procrastination, because the consequences of procrastination are typically borne by the future self. After summarizing the research on the priority of short‐term mood regulation in procrastination, we then draw the connection between the focus on short‐term mood repair and the temporal disjunction between present and future selves. We present research that exemplifies these intra‐personal processes in understanding temporal notions of self characterized by procrastination, and then link these processes to the negative consequences of procrastination for health and well‐being. We conclude with a discussion of possible avenues for future research to provide further insights into how temporal views of the self are linked to the dynamics of mood regulation over time in the context of procrastination.