bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of continental configuration on mantle heat loss
Authors: Cooper C. M. , Moresi L.‐N. , Lenardic A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) simulations are used to explore the effects of continental distribution on mantle convection. In both 2D and 3D, at total surface areas < 50%, internal temperature is weakly sensitive to continental configuration. Mantle heat flux values show mild variations with changing configuration. In 3D, at total continental area > 50%, the dependence of mantle heat loss on continental configuration becomes stronger. Mantle temperature continues to increase with total continental area but now varies by 5%–7% with changing configurations. When distributed, continents can cause flow patterns to become locked. This leads to significant variations in mantle temperature below continental and oceanic regions. This differs from the expectation that supercontinents would preferentially lead to large lateral variations in mantle temperatures and suggests that insulation‐induced thermal anomalies could exist below continents today if they have remained fixed relative to mantle flow (e.g., Africa).
Tuning Photoswitchable Dual‐Color Fluorescence from Core‐Shell Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Lv Yi , Liu Heng , Zhao Baoming , Tian Zhiyuan , Li Alexander D. Q. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCore‐shell polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) containing photoswitchable spiropyrans (SP) and spirooxazines (SO) within the cores were fabricated. Fluorescence photoswitching studies revealed that the substituent groups on the photochromic SP/SO structures exerted significant influence on the fluorescence photoswitching behaviors of the as‐prepared polymeric NPs, such as the reversibly interchangeable fluorescence color and the photoswitching kinetics. The electron‐releasing and electron‐withdrawing abilities of the substituent groups are believed to play important roles in controlling the electron configuration of the photochromic component and therefore be responsible for the tunable dual‐color photoswitching performance.
Photoswitching Emission with Rhodamine Spiroamides for Super‐resolution Fluorescence nanoscopies
Authors: Belov Vladimir N. , Bossi Mariano L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSpatial resolution in far‐field fluorescence microscopy is limited by diffraction to about 200 nm. With the aid of photoswitchable fluorophores, the diffraction barrier has been successfully overcome, allowing unprecedented resolution in the order of single biomolecules. The imaging process demands markers with strict and reliable control of the switching, to keep most of the markers in a non‐emissive state most of the time and to bring a tiny number back to an emissive state, and detection at the single‐molecule level. Herein, we describe the use of rhodamine spiroamides with unique photophysical properties as molecular probes for super‐resolution techniques based on the localization of single emitters. This family of photochromic and fluorescent compounds fulfils the stringent requirements for such imaging methods; these compounds are robust and capable of enduring single‐molecule detection in diverse environments. This has allowed meaningful images with resolution down to a few nanometres. Their design, synthesis and implementation is discussed along with imaging applications in material and life sciences.
Distance‐Dependent Electronic Interactions Across DNA Base Pairs: Charge Transport, Exciton Coupling, and Energy Transfer
Authors: Lewis Frederick D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe π‐stacked bases of B‐DNA constitute a helical ruler present nowhere else in nature. When two chromophores are placed at the ends of a base‐pair domain with fixed orientations of their transition dipole moments, insertion of an additional base pair between the chromophores increases the distance between the chromophores by ca. 3.4 Å and the angle between their transition dipoles by ca. 36°. The consequences of these changes on the dynamics and efficiency of photoinduced charge transport and upon exciton‐coupled circular dichroism and fluorescence resonance energy transfer are discussed.
A comparison of parathyroid hormone-related protein (1-36) and parathyroid hormone (1-34) on markers of bone turnover and bone density in postmenopausal women: The PrOP study
Authors: Horwitz Mara J , Augustine Marilyn , Kahn Leila , Martin Emily , Oakley Christine C , Carneiro Raquel M , Tedesco Mary Beth , Laslavic Angela , Sereika Susan M , Bisello Alessandro , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo , Gundberg Caren M , Cauley Jane A , Stewart Andrew F 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)(1-36) increases lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD), acting as an anabolic agent when injected intermittently, but it has not been directly compared with parathyroid hormone (PTH)(1-34). We performed a 3-month randomized, prospective study in 105 postmenopausal women with low bone density or osteoporosis, comparing daily subcutaneous injections of PTHrP(1-36) to PTH(1-34). Thirty-five women were randomized to each of three groups: PTHrP(1-36) 400 µg/day; PTHrP(1-36) 600 µg/day; and PTH(1-34) 20 µg/day. The primary outcome measures were changes in amino-terminal telopeptides of procollagen 1 (PINP) and carboxy-terminal telopeptides of collagen 1 (CTX). Secondary measures included safety parameters, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, and BMD. The increase in bone resorption (CTX) by PTH(1-34) (92%) (p &lt; 0.005) was greater than for PTHrP(1-36) (30%) (p &lt; 0.05). PTH(1-34) also increased bone formation (PINP) (171%) (p &lt; 0.0005) more than either dose of PTHrP(1-36) (46% and 87%). The increase in PINP was earlier (day 15) and greater than the increase in CTX for all three groups. LS BMD increased equivalently in each group (p &lt; 0.05 for all). Total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) BMD increased equivalently in each group but were only significant for the two doses of PTHrP(1-36) (p &lt; 0.05) at the TH and for PTHrP(1-36) 400 (p &lt; 0.05) at the FN. PTHrP(1-36) 400 induced mild, transient (day 15) hypercalcemia. PTHrP(1-36) 600 required a dose reduction for hypercalcemia in three subjects. PTH(1-34) was not associated with hypercalcemia. Each peptide induced a marked biphasic increase in 1,25(OH)2D. Adverse events (AE) were similar among the three groups. This study demonstrates that PTHrP(1-36) and PTH(1-34) cause similar increases in LS BMD. PTHrP(1-36) also increased hip BMD. PTH(1-34) induced greater changes in bone turnover than PTHrP(1-36). PTHrP(1-36) was associated with mild transient hypercalcemia. Longer-term studies using lower doses of PTHrP(1-36) are needed to define both the optimal dose and full clinical benefits of PTHrP. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Coseismic and postseismic slip associated with the 2010 Maule Earthquake, Chile: Characterizing the Arauco Peninsula barrier effect
Authors: Lin Yu‐nung Nina , Sladen Anthony , Ortega‐Culaciati Francisco , Simons Mark , Avouac Jean‐Philippe , Fielding Eric J. , Brooks Benjamin A. , Bevis Michael , Genrich Jeff , Rietbrock Andreas , Vigny Christophe , Smalley Robert , Socquet Anne 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObservations of coseismic and postseismic deformation associated with the 2010 Mw = 8.8 Maule earthquake in south‐central Chile provide constraints on the spatial heterogeneities of frictional properties on a major subduction megathrust and how they have influenced the seismic rupture and postseismic effects. We find that the bulk of coseismic slip occurs within a single elongated patch approximately 460 km long and 100 km wide between the depths of 15 and 40 km. We infer three major patches of afterslip: one extends northward along strike and downdip of the major coseismic patch between 40 and 60 km depth; the other two bound the northern and southern ends of the coseismic patch. The southern patch offshore of the Arauco Peninsula is the only place showing resolvable afterslip shallower than 20 km depth. Estimated slip potency associated with postseismic slip in the 1.3 years following the earthquake amounts to 20–30% of that generated coseismically. Our estimates of the megathrust frictional properties show that the Arauco Peninsula area has positive but relatively low (a−b)σn values (0.01 ~ 0.22 MPa), that would have allowed dynamic rupture propagation into this rate‐strengthening area and afterslip. Given the only modestly rate‐strengthening megathrust friction in this region, the barrier effect may be attributed to its relatively large size of the rate‐strengthening patch. Coseismic and postseismic uplift of the Arauco Peninsula exceeds interseismic subsidence since the time of the last major earthquake in 1835, suggesting that coseismic and postseismic deformation has resulted in some permanent strain in the forearc.
The effect of media parameters on wave propagation in a chiral metamaterials slab using FDTD
Authors: Wang M. Y. , Li G. P. , Zhou M. , Wang R. , Zhong C. L. , Xu J. , Zheng H. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYBecause the permittivity, permeability, and chirality parameters of chiral metamaterials (CMMs) are frequency dependent, the wave equations that describe the characters of electromagnetic wave propagation in CMMs are presented and discretized on the basis of auxiliary differential equation technique in finite‐difference time‐domain method. The total‐field/scattered‐field, Mur's first‐order absorbing and dielectric boundary conditions for CMMs slab are discussed in the paper. Numerical results show that the cross‐polarized reflected coefficient of the CMMs slab is zero. Negative index of refraction phenomenon and optical property of giant optical activity in CMMs slabs are illustrated with 1D auxiliary differential equation–finite‐difference time‐domain method. The effects to positive or negative phase velocity caused by media parameters of CMMs are studied. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic alignment with organizational priorities and work engagement: A multi‐wave analysis
Authors: Biggs Amanda , Brough Paula , Barbour Jennifer P. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis study advances the limited research on work alignment and work engagement by investigating how perceived alignment of job tasks and organizational strategic priorities (strategic alignment) influences work engagement. Measures of job control and work social support were also included to enable comparisons between strategic alignment and other well‐established job resources. A total of 1011 employees of an Australian state police service responded to three electronic, self‐report surveys. A reciprocal model was assessed over three waves of data, with varying time lags: 18 (Time 1 to Time 2), 12 (Time 2 to Time 3), and 30 months (Time 1 to Time 3). Longitudinal, reciprocal relationships were observed for work engagement and job control, strategic alignment, and colleague support. Work engagement also predicted supervisor support over time (reverse effect). This study demonstrated that, in addition to job resources, perceived alignment of job tasks and organizational priorities plays an important role in maintaining high levels of work engagement over time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sipa1 promoter polymorphism predicts risk and metastasis of lung cancer in Chinese
Authors: Xie Chenli , Yang Lei , Yang Xiaorong , Yang Rongrong , Li Yinyan , Qiu Fuman , Chen Mei , Fang Wenxiang , Bin Xiaonong , Deng Jieqiong , Huang Dongsheng , Liu Bin , Zhou Yifeng , Lu Jiachun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSignal‐induced proliferation associated gene 1 (Sipa1) is a signal transducer to activate the Ras‐related proteins and modulate cell progression, differentiation, adhesion and cancer metastasis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Sipa1 are associated with lung cancer risk and metastasis. Three common SNPs (rs931127A > G, rs2448490G > A, and rs3741379G > T) were genotyped in a discovery set of southern Chinese population and then validated the promising SNPs in a validation set of an eastern Chinese population in a total of 1559 lung cancer patients and 1679 cancer‐free controls. The results from the two sets were consistent, the rs931127GG variant genotype had an increased risk of lung cancer compared to the rs931127AA/GA genotypes (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.09–1.49) after combination of the two populations, and the rs931127GG interacted with pack‐year smoked on increasing lung cancer risk (P = 0.037); this SNP also had an effect on patients' clinical stages (P = 0.012) that those patients with the rs931127GG genotype had a significant higher metastasis rate and been advanced N, M stages at diagnosis. However, these associations were not observed for rs2448490G > A and rs3741379G > T in the discovery set. Our data suggest that the SNP rs931127A > G in the promoter of Sipa1 was significantly associated with lung cancer risk and metastasis, which may be a biomarker to predict the risk and metastasis of lung cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicriteria Optimization Technique for Optimal Design of Orthotropic Bridges
Authors: El Madawy Mohamed E. , El Zareef Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe design improvement of large‐scale structures such as cable stayed and suspension bridges with large spans is one of the major engineering optimization problems faced by design engineers. In many real‐life engineering design problems, it is necessary to carry out large‐scale experimental physical models for only one prototype to construct the feasible solution set that is too expensive and not practical. For these reasons, an experimental search for optimal solutions is often not carried out at all. This paper presents a technique for multicriteria analysis, which involve the finite element analysis of the prototype in the optimization process. The improvement of the Suez Canal Bridge in Egypt is introduced as a real‐life large‐scale case study. The parameter space investigation method, the visual basic for application programming language, and Femap as finite element analysis software provide an implementation tools to construct the feasible and Pareto solution sets for the studied bridge. An efficient combination between the parameter space investigation method and the finite element programme was successfully investigated to obtain the Pareto solution set. This study shows possibility to apply the multicriteria optimization method for more applications on different large‐scale structural systems in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Multi‐criteria Usability Assessment of Similar Types of Touch Screen Mobile Phones
Authors: Eraslan Ergun 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTDesigning products possessing only technical perfectness does not seem to be enough in today's market. New expectations adding value to the product such as product usability and feelings have become more important. Consequently, product usability has become a major focus of manufacturing companies. In this study, touch screen cell phones are examined, and various specifications that affect the usability are researched. Usability tests were carried out with the participation of 15 subjects for four different brands of touch screen phones having the highest market share. The usability factors regarding questionnaires were evaluated by taking into consideration the relationships between them in a three‐stage (strategic, tactical and operational) hierarchical network model. Analytical network process method was used in order to analyse the network for end consumer. The results were evaluated within the general framework of the hierarchy, and the most important factors in respect of usability were calculated. Moreover, the usability levels of four brands were ranked evaluating the usability scores. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for Time Preference in Management Decisions: An Application to Invasive Species
Authors: Rout Tracy M. , Walshe Terry 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTManagers of invasive species seek to prevent and mitigate their impact, which vary in the time horizon over which they are realized. Likewise, stakeholders vary in the time horizons they consider relevant. Agricultural impacts might reasonably be considered over two or three decades, although ecologists typically consider environmental impacts over much longer time frames. Although time preference plays a critical role in decision making, it has largely been ignored in multicriteria analyses. In this study, we examine how time has been treated in previous decision analyses of invasive species management, focusing on the differences between multicriteria and economic cost–benefit analyses. We then outline a method for incorporating time preference information into multicriteria decision analyses to ensure that criteria weights remain a faithful representation of the decision maker's preferences. To illustrate how time preference can be elicited for invasive species problems involving both monetary and nonmonetary consequences, we describe a small empirical study we conducted with a small group of experts and managers. By outlining a way to consider time preference information in multicriteria analyses of invasive species management, we hope to facilitate better decision making that is reflective of the decision maker's true preferences. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutual Funds Efficiency Measurement under Financial and Social Responsibility Criteria
Authors: Pérez‐Gladish Blanca , Rodríguez Paz Méndez , M'zali Bouchra , Lang Pascal 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTSocially responsible investors pursue financial as well as nonfinancial goals. Whereas the role of financial criteria in investment decisions is well understood, much less is known on the influence of social responsibility considerations. This work seeks to integrate both dimensions within a data envelopment analysis framework consistent with second‐order stochastic dominance efficiency. We compare the performance of conventional versus socially responsible mutual funds on an empirical data set. Our data do not support the conjecture that conventional mutual funds exhibit superior overall performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer effect in blood
Authors: Zheng Shaokuan , van der Bom Imramsjah M. J. , Zu Zhongliang , Lin Guoxing , Zhao Yansong , Gounis Matthew J. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeIn this report, the feasibility of using blood as an agent for Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) effect is investigated.MethodsThe CEST effect of porcine blood samples was investigated on a 3.0 T MRI scanner using various power levels and on a 14.1 T NMR spectrometer. As a proof‐of‐concept that CEST can be used to image blood in vivo, the technique was applied in two locations of healthy human volunteers, namely, the femoral artery and the M1‐segment of the middle cerebral artery.ResultsThe blood sample experiments showed that maximum CEST Magnetization Transfer Ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) values of ∼ 12% were achieved, with likely contributions from multiple blood components. These findings were confirmed during the in vivo experiments where CEST signal of blood was clearly greater than surrounding muscular (2%) and brain tissue (3%).ConclusionEx vivo and in vivo results show that blood is a suitable CEST agent that generates sufficient CEST contrast relative to surrounding tissue. Magn Reson Med 71:1082–1092, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of evidence for frequent MED12 p.L1224F mutation in prostate tumours from Caucasian patients
Authors: Stoehr Robert , Taubert Helge , Gaisa Nadine T , Smeets Daniela , Kneitz Burkhard , Giedl Johannes , Ruemmele Petra , Wieland Wolf F , Rau Tilman T , Hartmann Arndt 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecently mutations in the MED12 gene have been reported in 5.4% of prostate tumours from Caucasian patients analysed by exome sequencing (Barbieri CE, Baca SC, Lawrence MS, et al. Exome sequencing identifies recurrent SPOP, FOXA1 and MED12 mutations in prostate cancer. Nature Genet 2012; 44: 685–689). In more than 70% of prostate tumours with MED12 mutation, a recurrent p.L1224F mutation in exon 26 was found. In order to validate this MED12 p.L1224F mutation, an unselected cohort of prostate tumours from Caucasian patients was analysed by Sanger sequencing. Overall, 223 prostate tumours and three lymph node metastases were analysed. The MED12 p.L1224F mutation could not be detected in any of the cases. So far, the recently reported MED12 p.L1224F mutation could not be validated in our unselected cohort of prostate tumours. Contrary to the findings of Barbieri et al, our data indicate either that the p.L1224F mutation in the MED12 gene plays no role in prostate carcinogenesis or that this alteration is only relevant in a small subgroup of tumours. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early anatomy ultrasound in women at increased risk of fetal anomalies
Authors: Lim Janice , Whittle Wendy L. , Lee Yee‐Man , Ryan Greg , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study was designed to assess the accuracy of ultrasound anatomy screening before 17 weeks gestation in a population at high risk of fetal anomalies.MethodsRetrospective review of anatomy ultrasound examinations carried out between 12–17 weeks gestation in a high‐risk population. Early sonographic findings were compared with the 18–22 week anatomy ultrasound, karyotype, echocardiogram and postnatal/postmortem results.ResultsA complete anatomical survey was achieved in 68 of 101 screened fetuses (67%), with cardiac anatomy having the lowest completion rate (78/101; 77%). Anomalies were suspected on ultrasound in 23 fetuses. Four of these did not undergo pathologic examination but had clearly abnormal findings on ultrasound. Eighteen fetuses had a confirmed abnormal outcome. Sensitivity of early anatomy ultrasound was 83.3% (n = 15/18) and specificity 94.9% (n = 75/79). There were 3 false negative ultrasounds (16.6%: trisomy 21 with short humerus, choanal atresia and ventriculomegaly, and a ventricular septal defect). False positive rate was 4.0% (4 ventricular septal defects).ConclusionThe high rate of visualization of anatomic structures between 12–17 weeks gestation allows for either early detection of fetal anomalies or parental reassurance in many cases. Subtle anomalies of the heart remain difficult to diagnose. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of nanofiller concentration on conductivity and dielectric properties of poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer electrolytes
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Kanchan Dinesh K 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper reports the effect of nanofiller concentration on the conductivity and dielectric properties of the poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(methyl methacrylate)–poly(ethylene glycol)–AgNO3–Al2O3 polymer electrolyte system. The preparation of polymer films was done using the solution‐casting technique and characterization of the films was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and ionic transport techniques. The ionic conductivity, investigated using impedance spectroscopy, was expected to show interesting behaviour at below and above the melting temperature of poly(ethylene oxide) in the polymer blend films. Complex impedance data were analysed in an alternating current conductivity and dielectric permittivity formalism in order to throw light on the transport mechanism. The effect of nanofiller concentration on conduction and relaxation processes at various temperatures was studied. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry