bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Healing at Calcium‐ versus Calcium Phosphate‐Modified Titanium Implant Surfaces: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Favero Riccardo , Botticelli Daniele , Antunes Antonio A. , Martinez Sanchez Roxanna , Caroprese Marino , Salata Luiz A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this paper was to study the sequential healing of bone tissues at implants with different configuration and different modified surfaces.Materials and MethodsTwelve Beagle dogs were used. Extractions of all teeth from the second premolar to the first molar were performed in both sides of the mandible. After 3 months, full‐thickness flaps were elevated and two implants of different systems and with different surfaces were randomly installed in the premolar region in one side of the mandible. One surface was acid etched and further modified with calcium ions (BTI unicCa®), the other was sandblasted and acid etched plus a nanometer calcium phosphate deposition (3i T3®). The flaps were sutured to allow a fully submerged healing. The surgery on the other side of the mandible and the sacrifices were planned in such a way to obtain biopsies representing the healing after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n = 6 per period).ResultsAfter 1 and 2 weeks of healing, the mean values of new bone apposition on the implant surfaces were 5.9 ± 3.3% and 29.8 ± 16.0% at BTI unicCa and 4.6 ± 3.3% and 12.4 ± 5.6% at 3i T3, respectively. After 4 and 8 weeks, the percentage increased, being 49.4 ± 8.1% and 63.6 ± 7.3% at BTI unicCa and 40.3 ± 10.0% and 47.3 ± 20.2 at 3i T3, respectively. Differences statistically significant between the two surfaces were found only at the 2‐ and 4‐week observation periods. Concomitantly, the old bone was resorbed at both surfaces from about 15–17% after 1 week to about 4–6% after 8 weeks of healing.ConclusionModerately rough surfaces modified with calcium ions or discrete calcium phosphate nanocrystalline deposition showed similar patterns of sequential healing. Higher new bone percentages were found at BTI unicCa compared with the 3i T3 implants, the difference being statistically significant at 2 and 4 weeks observation.
Function of Nogo‐A/Nogo‐A Receptor in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Xu Ying‐Qi , Sun Zhong‐Qing , Wang Yi‐Tao , Xiao Fei , Chen Mei‐Wan 
Published: March 2015

SummaryNogo‐A is a protein inhibiting axonal regeneration, which is considered a major obstacle to nerve regeneration after injury in mammals. Rapid progress has been achieved in new physiopathological function of Nogo‐A in Alzheimer's disease in the past decade. Recent research shows that through binding to Nogo‐A receptor, Nogo‐A plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Particularly, Nogo‐A/Nogo‐A receptors modulate the generation of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ), which is thought to be a major cause of AD. This review describes the recent development of Nogo‐A, Nogo‐A receptor, and downstream signaling involved in AD and pharmacological basis of therapeutic drugs. We concluded the Nogo‐A/Nogo‐A receptor provide new insight into potential mechanisms and promising therapy strategies in AD.
Clinicopathologic findings in (anti‐FcepsilonR1alpha) autoimmune‐related chronic urticaria
Authors: Rojanapremsuk Theera , Kasprowicz Sarah , Schafer Ewa , Story Rachel , Clarke Michael S , Walls Timothy , Snyder Vivian , Gleason Briana C , Thomas Antoinette B , Cibull Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundOne cause of chronic urticaria is autoreactivity which is diagnosed by detecting autoantibodies against the IgE receptor alpha subunit (anti‐Fc R1alpha).ObjectiveTo compare the histopathologic features of chronic urticaria patients testing positive for anti‐IgE receptor antibody (Ab) to those testing negative.MethodsTotally, 438 patients with a clinical presentation of chronic urticaria (2011–2013) had anti‐IgE receptor Ab tested and 37 of those patients had skin biopsy. We evaluated microscopic features including: spongiosis, dermal edema, presence of mast cells, density of lymphocytic infiltration, predomination of eosinophils/neutrophils; intravascular neutrophils and presence of vasculitis. The aforementioned features were compared between negative and positive anti‐IgE receptor Ab groups.ResultsOf 37 patients , 69% were women and 31% were men. 49% had positive anti‐IgE receptor Ab and 51% had negative anti‐IgE receptor Ab.In the positive anti‐IgE receptor Ab group, 83% showed intravascular neutrophils. Eosinophil predominance was identified in 72% and neutrophil predominance was identified in 28%. In the negative anti‐IgE receptor Ab group, 89% showed intravascular neutrophils. Eosinophil predominance was identified in 53% and neutrophil predominance was identified in 47%. There was no evidence of vasculitis in either group.ConclusionThere were no significant histopathologic differences between the anti‐IgE receptor Ab positive and negative cases. Therefore, serum testing for anti‐IgE receptor Ab is required to identify this subgroup of chronic urticaria patients.
Carotid Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease–Related Pulmonary Hypertension Assessed with Radio Frequency Data Technique
Authors: Hou Ying , Yuan Li‐Jun , Xing Chang‐Yang , Shang Fu‐Jun , Duan Yun‐You 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundIt has been well known that pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by congenital heart disease (CHD) leads to reduced flexibility of the small pulmonary arteries, due to hemodynamic changes in the pulmonary circulation and alterations of the vasoactive profile. However, whether CHD‐related PH affects the elasticity of the systemic arteries, such as the common carotid artery (CCA), has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the CCA stiffness in patients with CHD‐related PH using the radio frequency data technique.MethodsForty patients with CHD were included. They were divided into PH and non‐PH (NPH) groups by the right heart catheter‐determined or regurgitation velocity‐determined mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). MyLabTwice (Esaote, Genoa, Italy) ultrasound machine equipped with automatic quality intima–media thickness (QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) capabilities was used to measure the left common carotid arterial (CCA) intima–media thickness and arterial stiffness parameters.ResultsThe results have shown that the left CCA internal diameter, pulse wave velocity, arterial wall tension, and local diastolic pressure were increased in the CHD‐related PH group compared with the CHD‐related NPH group (all P < 0.05). The left CCA internal diameter negatively and significantly correlated with the mean PAP.ConclusionsCommon carotid artery diameter and stiffness increase in patients with CHD‐related pulmonary hypertension. QIMT and QAS ultrasound techniques may provide a comprehensive assessment of the CCA remodeling.
Attention and prediction in human audition: a lesson from cognitive psychophysiology
Authors: Schröger Erich , Marzecová Anna , SanMiguel Iria 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAttention is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that facilitates the processing of relevant information and inhibits the processing of irrelevant information. Prediction is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that considers prior information when interpreting the sensorial input. Although both (attention and prediction) aid perception, they are rarely considered together. Auditory attention typically yields enhanced brain activity, whereas auditory prediction often results in attenuated brain responses. However, when strongly predicted sounds are omitted, brain responses to silence resemble those elicited by sounds. Studies jointly investigating attention and prediction revealed that these different mechanisms may interact, e.g. attention may magnify the processing differences between predicted and unpredicted sounds. Following the predictive coding theory, we suggest that prediction relates to predictions sent down from predictive models housed in higher levels of the processing hierarchy to lower levels and attention refers to gain modulation of the prediction error signal sent up to the higher level. As predictions encode contents and confidence in the sensory data, and as gain can be modulated by the intention of the listener and by the predictability of the input, various possibilities for interactions between attention and prediction can be unfolded. From this perspective, the traditional distinction between bottom‐up/exogenous and top‐down/endogenous driven attention can be revisited and the classic concepts of attentional gain and attentional trace can be integrated.
Increased audiovisual integration in cochlear‐implanted deaf patients: independent components analysis of longitudinal positron emission tomography data
Authors: Strelnikov K. , Rouger J. , Lagleyre S. , Fraysse B. , Démonet J.‐F. , Déguine O. , Barone P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt has been demonstrated in earlier studies that patients with a cochlear implant have increased abilities for audio‐visual integration because the crude information transmitted by the cochlear implant requires the persistent use of the complementary speech information from the visual channel. The brain network for these abilities needs to be clarified. We used an independent components analysis (ICA) of the activation (H215O) positron emission tomography data to explore occipito‐temporal brain activity in post‐lingually deaf patients with unilaterally implanted cochlear implants at several months post‐implantation (T1), shortly after implantation (T0) and in normal hearing controls. In between‐group analysis, patients at T1 had greater blood flow in the left middle temporal cortex as compared with T0 and normal hearing controls. In within‐group analysis, patients at T0 had a task‐related ICA component in the visual cortex, and patients at T1 had one task‐related ICA component in the left middle temporal cortex and the other in the visual cortex. The time courses of temporal and visual activities during the positron emission tomography examination at T1 were highly correlated, meaning that synchronized integrative activity occurred. The greater involvement of the visual cortex and its close coupling with the temporal cortex at T1 confirm the importance of audio‐visual integration in more experienced cochlear implant subjects at the cortical level.
Neuronal activity in primate auditory cortex during the performance of audiovisual tasks
Authors: Brosch Michael , Selezneva Elena , Scheich Henning 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study aimed at a deeper understanding of which cognitive and motivational aspects of tasks affect auditory cortical activity. To this end we trained two macaque monkeys to perform two different tasks on the same audiovisual stimulus and to do this with two different sizes of water rewards. The monkeys had to touch a bar after a tone had been turned on together with an LED, and to hold the bar until either the tone (auditory task) or the LED (visual task) was turned off. In 399 multiunits recorded from core fields of auditory cortex we confirmed that during task engagement neurons responded to auditory and non‐auditory stimuli that were task‐relevant, such as light and water. We also confirmed that firing rates slowly increased or decreased for several seconds during various phases of the tasks. Responses to non‐auditory stimuli and slow firing changes were observed during both the auditory and the visual task, with some differences between them. There was also a weak task‐dependent modulation of the responses to auditory stimuli. In contrast to these cognitive aspects, motivational aspects of the tasks were not reflected in the firing, except during delivery of the water reward. In conclusion, the present study supports our previous proposal that there are two response types in the auditory cortex that represent the timing and the type of auditory and non‐auditory elements of a auditory tasks as well the association between elements.
Design of Emergence Test Arenas Can Affect the Results of Boldness Assays
Authors: Näslund Joacim , Bererhi Badreddine , Johnsson Jörgen I. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether and how arena design of emergence tests (a commonly used boldness assay where the latency to emerge from a start box is measured) can affect the behaviour of the subject animals. We used two populations of wild brown trout fry, captured on their hatching grounds, and measured emergence latency in arenas with two different sizes of start‐box gates and two different environments into which the fish emerges from the start box (barren and complex), in a factorial design. We found that arena design affected the behaviour of the fish, but only in one of the populations. In the affected population, a large start‐box gate in combination with a barren environment reduced emergence latency. Furthermore, the time from leaving the box until entering another compartment on the opposite side of the arena was shorter in a barren environment as compared to a more complex environment. We also found that smaller brown trout fry generally showed lower tendency for emerging from the start box at all. The results of this study suggest that direct comparisons among results from experiments using different arena designs may be problematic and highlight the importance of reporting details of arena design in publications.
Patterns of domestication in the Ethiopian oil‐seed crop noug (Guizotia abyssinica)
Authors: Dempewolf Hannes , Tesfaye Misteru , Teshome Abel , Bjorkman Anne D. , Andrew Rose L. , Scascitelli Moira , Black Scott , Bekele Endashaw , Engels Johannes M. M. , Cronk Quentin C. B. , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNoug (Guizotia abyssinica) is a semidomesticated oil‐seed crop, which is primarily cultivated in Ethiopia. Unlike its closest crop relative, sunflower, noug has small seeds, small flowering heads, many branches, many flowering heads, and indeterminate flowering, and it shatters in the field. Here, we conducted common garden studies and microsatellite analyses of genetic variation to test whether high levels of crop–wild gene flow and/or unfavorable phenotypic correlations have hindered noug domestication. With the exception of one population, analyses of microsatellite variation failed to detect substantial recent admixture between noug and its wild progenitor. Likewise, only very weak correlations were found between seed mass and the number or size of flowering heads. Thus, noug's ‘atypical’ domestication syndrome does not seem to be a consequence of recent introgression or unfavorable phenotypic correlations. Nonetheless, our data do reveal evidence of local adaptation of noug cultivars to different precipitation regimes, as well as high levels of phenotypic plasticity, which may permit reasonable yields under diverse environmental conditions. Why noug has not been fully domesticated remains a mystery, but perhaps early farmers selected for resilience to episodic drought or untended environments rather than larger seeds. Domestication may also have been slowed by noug's outcrossing mating system.
Pediococcus acidilactici as a potential probiotic to be used in food industry
Authors: Barbosa Joana , Borges Sandra , Teixeira Paula 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare the results obtained between a commercial probiotic bacterium and a strain of Pediococcus acidilactici isolated from a food matrix. Besides the characterisation of the isolates, the main focus of this work was to evaluate their ability to survive through simulated gastrointestinal tract passage as well as the effect of the spray drying process to be used as concentrated cultures in the food industry. Both lactic acid bacteria produced any of the virulence determinants investigated; they exhibited no significant antibiotic resistances and <1 log unit reduction in viable counts was obtained after exposure to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. Concentrated cultures of P. acidilactici HA‐6111‐2 in 10% (w/v) of reconstituted skim milk were obtained by spray drying and, after 60 days of storage at 4 °C, <1 log unit reduction in viable count was recorded. In conclusion, from these preliminary characterisation tests and its extended viability in the dried form, this P. acidilactici strain should be considered as a potentially useful probiotic.
Evaluation of colouring ability of main European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) varieties as potential resources of natural food colourants
Authors: Szalóki‐Dorkó Lilla , Stéger‐Máté Mónika , Abrankó László 
Published: March 2015

SummaryProfiling and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins in five elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) varieties, namely ‘Haschberg’, ‘Samocco’, ‘Samyl’, ‘Samident’ and ‘Sampo’, were performed in six different maturity stages from two consecutive years (2012 and 2013) and from two growing areas in Hungary. Cyanidin‐3‐O‐sambubioside‐5‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐sambubioside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were found and identified by HPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS as major anthocyanins and were quantified by HPLC‐UV/Vis. In optimum maturity stage, ‘Samocco’ showed the highest anthocyanin content with an average of 1237 mg per 100 g dry weight in both growing areas and vintages. The dominant anthocyanin component of Samocco variety was cyanidin‐3‐O‐sambubioside, which is according to literature more stable against technology processing than cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside found in the other four investigated elderberry varieties in the highest concentration. ‘Samocco’, if grown under the climatic conditions of the Carpathian basin, might be a promising alternative variety for growing as raw material for natural food colourant processing industry.
Effects of physicochemical factors and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant activity of R‐phycoerythrin from red algae Bangia fusco‐purpurea
Authors: Wu Qiang , Fu Xiao‐Ping , Sun Le‐Chang , Zhang Qian , Liu Guang‐Ming , Cao Min‐Jie , Cai Qiu‐Feng 
Published: March 2015

SummaryR‐phycoerythrin (R‐PE) was purified from the red algae Bangia fusco‐purpurea after 35–50% ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion‐exchange column chromatography on DEAE‐Sepharose, resulting in a purity (A565/A280) ratio of 5.1. The circular dichroism spectroscopy results suggested that the structure of R‐PE is predominately helical. The antioxidant activity of R‐PE was studied and revealed changes in conformation and antioxidant activity at different temperatures and pH values. After in vitro‐simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of R‐PE, the scavenging activity of ABTS radical (EC50, 769.9 μg mL−1), DPPH radical (EC50, 421.9 μg mL−1), hydroxyl radical (EC50, 32.4 μg mL−1) and reducing power (A700 = 0.5, 625.8 μg mL−1) were measured. Gel filtration chromatography analysis showed that the molecular weight distribution of the final GI digest that still contained high antioxidant activity was <3 kDa. Our present results indicate that digestion‐resistant antioxidant peptides of R‐PE may be obtained by in vitro GI proteinases degradation.
Application of amaranth protein isolate and hydrolysate on a reduced salt fish restructured product: antioxidant properties, textural and microbiological effects
Authors: García Fillería Susan F. , Tironi Valeria A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis work evaluates amaranth protein ingredients [isolate (I) and alcalase‐hydrolysate (H)] acting as antioxidants and binders in restructured fish products. Gel products were obtained after thermal treatment (40 °C, 30 min; 90 °C, 30 min) of different formulations from fish muscle pastes, where salt (2%) was partially or totally replaced by I or H. Antioxidant activity was assessed by conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARs) measurements during the chilled storage. Textural properties, water‐holding capacity, colour and microbiological quality were evaluated. Reduced‐salt content products containing 2% w/w of I or H partially inhibited lipid oxidation especially at the level of the decomposition of hydroperoxides into secondary products, due to about 50% and 60% of inhibition of TBARs, respectively, was registered. Also, these products showed acceptable microbiological quality and technological characteristics with only minimal changes in properties as gel hardness and colour parameters compared with control products (2% w/w salt).
ICSH recommendations for the standardization of nomenclature and grading of peripheral blood cell morphological features
Authors: Palmer L. , Briggs C. , McFadden S. , Zini G. , Burthem J. , Rozenberg G. , Proytcheva M. , Machin S. J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThese guidelines provide information on how to reliably and consistently report abnormal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets using manual microscopy. Grading of abnormal cells, nomenclature and a brief description of the cells are provided. It is important that all countries in the world use consistent reporting of blood cells. An international group of morphology experts have decided on these guidelines using consensus opinion. For some red blood cell abnormalities, it was decided that parameters produced by the automated haematology analyser might be more accurate and less subjective than grading using microscopy or automated image analysis and laboratories might like to investigate this further. A link is provided to show examples of many of the cells discussed in this guideline.
Birth order and sibship composition as predictors of overweight or obesity among low‐income 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children
Authors: Mosli R. H. , Miller A. L. , Peterson K. E. , Kaciroti N. , Rosenblum K. , Baylin A. , Lumeng J. C. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of birth order and number and sex of siblings with overweight or obesity among 4‐ to 8‐year‐olds.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study involving 273 low‐income mother–child dyads. Questionnaires and anthropometry were completed. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association of birth order, having younger siblings, having older siblings, having at least one brother and having at least one sister with odds of overweight or obesity. Analyses were repeated to additionally include non‐biological siblings. Models were adjusted for potential confounders and intermediate variables.ResultsPrevalence of child overweight or obesity was 42.5%. Adjusting for covariates, only children and youngest siblings had higher odds of overweight or obesity compared with oldest siblings (odds ratio [OR]: 4.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67, 10.46 and OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.41, 7.33, respectively). Having one or more younger siblings and having at least one brother were associated with lower odds (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.69 and OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.81, respectively). Including non‐biological siblings did not meaningfully change the associations.ConclusionBirth order and sibship composition are associated with overweight or obesity among 4‐ to 8‐year‐olds. Future studies identifying the underlying behavioural mechanism can help inform family‐based intervention programmes.