bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staff and client preferences for the design and delivery of an outcomes monitoring system in a mental health service
Authors: Batterham Philip J. , Martin Melonie , Calear Alison L. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Romaniuk Madeline , Banfield Michelle , Butterworth Peter , Burvill Michael , Massang Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOutcome monitoring can support the delivery of quality service that meets the needs of clients, clinicians and services. However, few studies have examined client or staff perspectives on the design and implementation of outcomes monitoring within a service. Implementation of outcomes monitoring requires understanding the preferences and expectations of relevant stakeholders.ObjectiveInformed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, this study aimed to investigate the preferences and priorities of relevant staff, clients and family members to inform the design and implementation of an effective outcomes monitoring system in the context of a mental health service for military veterans and their families.MethodTwenty‐nine staff participated across five online focus groups, including clinical staff, peer workers, policy staff and supervisors. Ten clients participated in online or telephone semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes from the data.ResultsClients and staff agreed that outcomes monitoring should cover more than symptoms, particularly by incorporating functional outcomes. Assessing mental health over time was considered a valuable tool for supporting treatment processes and providing actionable information. Challenges identified by clients and staff included the need for efficient processes, ensuring measures are relevant and acceptable, and maintaining client privacy. The ability to personalise data collection and have a streamlined, responsive system were key attributes of a quality outcomes monitoring framework.ConclusionsFindings suggest that an effective outcome monitoring framework should be client‐led, tailored to the individual's needs, and provide feedback on progress. Outcomes monitoring should also be efficient, accessible and allow for safe information sharing.
Investigation on the environmental causes of tomato fruit cracking and its propagation prediction in greenhouse
Authors: Liu Ying , Yang Jun , Li Zhiguo , Tchuenbou‐Magaia Fideline , Liu Yande 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, Provence tomato variety was chosen for investigating the environmental causes of tomato fruit cracking, cracks characteristics, and their propagation prediction in a greenhouse. Fruit bagging approach was used to alter the temperature and humidity and to create a microclimate around the fruit to induce fruit cracking for testing. Results showed that the fruit cracking rate increased when the environment temperature exceeded 30°C, and the difference between the highest and lowest temperature values in a day was greater than 20°C. The cracking rate was aggravated when the difference between the highest and lowest humidity values in a day was less than 20%. The proportions of top cracking, longitudinal cracking, ring cracking, radial cracking, and combined cracking were 5.4%, 16.1%, 28.3%, 26.8%, and 32.1%, respectively. The fruit shoulder was the most susceptible region to crack, followed by fruit belly and top regions, whereas longer cracks were observed in the fruit belly region indicating a higher propensity to crack propagation in that region. Finally, the measured data were used to validate an extended finite element method developed to effectively predict cracking susceptibility and propagation in tomato fruit with a relative error of 4.68%.
Investigating the effects of oil type, emulsifier type, and emulsion particle size on textured fibril soy protein emulsion‐filled gels and soybean protein isolate emulsion‐filled gels
Authors: Luo Bin , Chen Lin , Peng Jiaqi , Sun Jianxia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effects of oil type, emulsifier type, and emulsion particle size on the texture, gel strength, and rheological properties of SPI emulsion‐filled gel (SPI‐FG) and TFSP emulsion‐filled gel (TFSP‐FG) were investigated. Using soybean protein isolate or sodium caseinate as emulsifiers, emulsions with cocoa butter replacer (CBR), palm oil (PO), virgin coconut oil (VCO), and canola oil (CO) as oil phases were prepared. These emulsions were filled into SPI and TFSP gel substrates to prepare emulsion‐filled gels. Results that the hardness and gel strength of both gels increased with increasing emulsion content when CBR was used as the emulsion oil phase. However, when the other three liquid oils were used as the oil phase, the hardness and gel strength of TFSP‐FG decreased with the increasing of emulsion content, but those of SPI‐FG increased when SPI was used as emulsifier. Additionally, the hardness and gel strength of both TFSP‐FG and SPI‐FG increased with the decreasing of mean particle size of emulsions. Rheological measurements were consistent with textural measurements and found that compared with SC, TFSP‐FG, and SPI‐FG showed higher G′ values when SPI was used as emulsifier. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation showed that the distribution and stability of emulsion droplets in TFSP‐FG and SPI‐FG were influenced by the oil type, emulsifier type and emulsion particle size. SPI‐stabilized emulsion behaved as active fillers in SPI‐FG reinforcing the gel matrix; however, the gel matrix of TFSP‐FG still had many void pores when SPI‐stabilized emulsion was involved. In conclusion, compared to SPI‐FG, the emulsion filler effect that could reinforce gel networks became weaker in TFSP‐FG.
Does racial impact statement reform reduce Black–White disparities in imprisonment: Mixed methods evidence from Minnesota
Authors: Gottlieb Aaron , Harper Toyan , Jung Hye‐Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIncreasingly scholars have argued that, if the United States is to reduce Black–White disparities in incarceration, it is necessary to move away from race‐neutral efforts and ensure that policies consider race. Despite this perspective, criminal legal policies have almost exclusively been race‐neutral, with one general exception at the state level: racial impact statement reform. Although racial impact statement reform exists now in 10 states, no scholarship has empirically examined the implications of this approach for racial disparities in imprisonment. Using a mixed methods approach, we begin to fill this gap by examining the implications of Minnesota's racial impact statement reform on Black–White imprisonment rate disparities. Our quasi‐experimental results do not suggest that Minnesota's reform reduced Black–White disparities in imprisonment. Our legislative analysis suggests that the null effects we observed were likely due to the fact that racial impact statements are responses to legislation that has already been proposed, and that the legislation proposed in Minnesota was not sufficient to significantly address Black–White imprisonment disparities, regardless of the extent to which these statements impacted the votes of legislators.
Mineralogy of the Martian mantle inferred from bulk chemical compositions
Authors: Yang Shuying , Humayun Munir , Righter Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mineralogy of the Martian mantle is essential for constructing geochemical and geophysical models of Mars. This study employs the pMELTS program to determine the mineralogy at the solidus from 11 published bulk silicate Mars (BSM) compositions, within a pressure range of 2–5 GPa. The pMELTS results align with experimental data and calculations from another thermodynamic program (Perple_X/stx11). Mineral modes from compositional models based on Martian meteorite geochemistry show relatively consistent abundances modes (olivine: 48–56 wt%, orthopyroxene: 20–25 wt%, clinopyroxene: 15–17 wt%, garnet: 6–9 wt%). In contrast, mineral modes from compositional models that are not based on Martian meteorite geochemistry exhibit a wider range of olivine and garnet abundances. Additionally, we constrained the mineral modes of the Martian mantle using trace element partitioning and partial melting models. Our calculations indicate that melts derived from mantle sources with a hypothesized garnet content of 5–10 wt% closely match the analyzed compositions of shergottites, validating the garnet mode (6–9 wt%) constrained in our pMELTS calculations. Extracting low‐degree (<4 wt%) melts from a BSM to form depleted Martian mantle (DMM) does not significantly alter the mineralogical modes of solid residues, but it does lead to substantial trace elemental depletion in the DMM. Therefore, enriched, intermediate, and depleted shergottite sources are likely characterized by similar mineral modes yet differ in incompatible element abundances.
Adult telomere length is positively correlated with survival and lifetime reproductive success in a wild passerine
Authors: Chik Heung Ying Janet , Mannarelli Maria‐Elena , dos Remedios Natalie , Simons Mirre J. P. , Burke Terry , Schroeder Julia , Dugdale Hannah L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExplaining variation in individual fitness is a key goal in evolutionary biology. Recently, telomeres, repeating DNA sequences capping chromosome ends, have gained attention as a biomarker for body state, physiological costs, and senescence. Existing research has provided mixed evidence for whether telomere length correlates with fitness, including survival and reproductive output. Moreover, few studies have examined how the rate of change in telomere length correlates with fitness in wild populations. Here, we intensively monitored an insular population of house sparrows, and collected longitudinal telomere and life history data (16 years, 1225 individuals). We tested whether telomere length and its rate of change predict fitness measures, namely survival, lifespan and annual and lifetime reproductive effort and success. Telomere length positively predicted short‐term survival, independent of age, but did not predict lifespan, suggesting either a diminishing telomere length—survival correlation with age or other extrinsic factors of mortality. The positive association of telomere length with survival translated into reproductive benefits, as birds with longer telomeres produced more genetic recruits, hatchlings and reared more fledglings over their lifetime. In contrast, there was no association between telomere dynamics and annual reproductive output, suggesting telomere dynamics might not reflect the costs of reproduction in this population, potentially masked by variation in individual quality. The rate of change of telomere length did not correlate with neither lifespan nor lifetime reproductive success. Our results provide further evidence that telomere length correlates with fitness, and contribute to our understanding of the selection on, and evolution of, telomere dynamics.
Temporal governance and accountability costs of Beijing's digital citizen request system
Authors: Habich‐Sobiegalla Sabrina , Zheng Huan , Pluemmer Franziska 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrior literature highlights democracies' struggle to cope with today's rapid socio‐economic changes, contrasting with more adept responses in authoritarian systems. This study makes a first attempt to explain the perceived speediness in an authoritarian setting. By focusing on Beijing's digital service request system, Jiesu Jiban, we argue that in creating request categories, standardizing cadres' reactions to requests, and designing decision pathways, Jiesu Jiban is not only an instrument to deal with increasing complexity and acceleration of socio‐economic development, but the system itself also creates acceleration. It does so by categorizing, specifying, and standardizing service requests and response procedures and by channeling these through a digital infrastructure. We show that the datafication of governing citizens' request increases pressure for frontline administrators co‐producing a system of responsibility without accountability for the central government.
Modeling defensive resource allocation in multilayered systems under probabilistic and strategic risks
Authors: Wei Zhiyuan , Zhuang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConfronting the continuing risk of an attack, security systems have adopted target‐hardening strategies through the allocation of security measures. Most previous work on defensive resource allocation considers the security system as a monolithic architecture. However, systems such as schools are typically characterized by multiple layers, where each layer is interconnected to help prevent single points of failure. In this paper, we study the defensive resource allocation problem in a multilayered system. We develop two new resource allocation models accounting for probabilistic and strategic risks, and provide analytical solutions and illustrative examples. We use real data for school shootings to illustrate the performance of the models, where the optimal investment strategies and sensitivity analysis are presented. We show that the defender would invest more in defending outer layers over inner layers in the face of probabilistic risks. While countering strategic risks, the defender would split resources in each layer to make the attacker feel indifferent between any individual layer. This paper provides new insights on resource allocation in layered systems to better enhance the overall security of the system.
Long‐time asymptotics of solution for the fifth‐order modified KdV equation in the presence of discrete spectrum
Authors: Liu Nan , Chen Mingjuan , Guo Boling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate the Cauchy problem of an integrable focusing fifth‐order modified Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, which contains the fifth‐order dispersion and relevant higher order nonlinear terms. The long‐time asymptotics of solution is established in the case of initial conditions that lie in some low regularity weighted Sobolev spaces and allow for the presence of discrete spectrum. Our method is based on a generalization of the nonlinear steepest descent method of Deift and Zhou. We show that the solution decomposes in the long time into three main regions: (i) an expanding oscillatory region where solitons and breathers travel with positive velocities, the leading order term has the form of a multisoliton/breather and soliton/breather–radiation interactions; (ii) a Painlevé region, which does not have traveling solitons and breathers, the asymptotics can be characterized with the solution of a fourth‐order Painlevé II equation; (iii) a region of breathers traveling with negative velocities. Employing a global approximation via PDE techniques, the asymptotic behavior of solution is extended to lower regularity spaces with weights.
Mendelian randomization analysis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis associated with risks of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Pan Jing , Lv Yanwei , Wang Lingyan , Chang Xiaodan , Zhao Kaiping , Liu Xiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study is designed to explore the potential causal relationship between psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) while investigating the genetic basis shared by these inflammatory diseases.MethodsSignificant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with UC, psoriasis, and PsA were selected as genetic instrumental variables using Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS) datasets. Additionally, Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, including inverse‐variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger regression, and Weighted Median (WME), were utilized to evaluate the causal relationships between these diseases. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity testing were conducted to validate the stability of the results.ResultsA total of 123 significant SNPs associated with psoriasis, PsA, and UC were identified as genetic instrumental variables based on GWAS datasets. The analysis revealed a 36% increased risk of UC with psoriasis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.350, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.065‐1.729, P = 0.012) and a 32.9% increased risk of UC with PsA (OR = 1.329, 95% CI = 1.176‐1.592, P < 0.001). Further analysis showed a 43.5% increased risk of psoriasis with UC (OR = 1.435, 95% CI = 1.274‐1.831, P < 0.001) and a 45.8% increased risk of PsA with UC (OR = 1.458, 95% CI = 1.166‐1.822, P = 0.0013). In addition, sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity testing demonstrated the high stability of these results. Particularly, neither MR‐Egger regression analysis nor leave‐one‐out analysis revealed significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy bias, indicating the reliability of these causal estimates. Moreover, the use of the MR‐PRESSO further confirmed the positive correlation between psoriasis and UC, and the corrected estimates remained consistent with IVW analysis results after excluding potential outlier SNPs, enhancing the credibility of the analysis.ConclusionsThis study strengthens the understanding of the genetic and causal relationships among UC, psoriasis, and PsA through GWAS and MR methods, revealing the genetic basis they may share. These findings not only provide a novel perspective on the comorbidity mechanisms of these diseases but also offer a valuable reference for the development of future treatment strategies and intervention measures.
Gravity field and geothermal structure of the Corsica‐Sardinia Block
Authors: Cocco F. , Casini L. , Funedda A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a finite‐differences 3D numerical model that simulates the gravity and thermal structure of the Corsica‐Sardinia Block (CSB), an apparently stable lithospheric domain characterized by cryptic tectonic activity. In the experiments, we change the density and heat production rate of the model crust within a range of geologically realistic values to fit the measured Bouguer gravity anomaly and surface heat flow pattern. The discrepancy between the observed geophysical structure and the outcomes of numerical modelling are discussed in relation to the composition of the CSB crust and finally recast in the geodynamic framework of the western Mediterranean region.
Thermodynamic Optimization of Load-Following Operation in a Decarbonized Combined Cycle Power Plant Under Net-Zero Scenarios
Authors: Ravelli Silvia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Postcombustion capture (PCC) by means of mono-ethanolamine and hydrogen co-firing, combined with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), were applied to a typical 2 × 1 combined cycle (CC) with the goal of reaching net-zero CO2 emissions. The novelty lies in integrating decarbonization solutions into the daily operation of the CC, when power generation is adjusted according to fluctuations in electricity demand, throughout two representative days in summer and winter. More specifically, off-design thermodynamic modeling was adapted to incorporate a multivariable optimization problem to find the maximum power plant efficiency as a function of the following decision variables: (1) load of each gas turbine (GT), spanning from minimum turndown to full load; (2) EGR rate, in a range that depends on the fuel type: [0; 0.4] for 100% natural gas (NG) versus [0; 0.55] when hydrogen is fed to the combustor; with the constraint of net power output equal to electricity demand, for given environmental conditions. Suggestions were made to mitigate the energy penalty due to decarbonization in the load-following operation mode, taking the integration of mono-ethanolamine CO2 capture into the NG-fired CC as a benchmark. The solution in which EGR combines optimally with hydrogen in the fuel mixture, with the addition of PCC to abate residual CO2 emissions, has proven to be the most efficient way to provide dispatchable clean energy, especially in cold climates.
Adjoint-Based Optimization for the Venturi Mixer of A Burner
Authors: Xu Min , Radwan Akram , Xia Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The optimization of Venturi mixers in burners is critical for enhancing combustion efficiency and minimizing emissions. In this study, we utilize the adjoint method to analyze and refine the design of a Venturi mixer. Our numerical simulations integrate the species transport equation with the eddy dissipation model (EDM) for reacting flow and the generalized k–ω (GEKO) model to simulate turbulence. By solving adjoint equations, we effectively compute the shape sensitivity for various observables, including pressure drop, outlet fuel variance/uniformity deviation index, air and fuel mass flow rates, and outlet CO mass fraction. The shape sensitivity analysis uncovers the interplay between the observables and the appropriate weights for multiple objective optimizations. Subsequently, we perform gradient-based optimizations to enhance the mixer's performance, employing both shape sensitivity and mesh morphing techniques. We conduct a series of case studies focusing on both cold and reacting flows. The optimization of cold flow provides an in-depth exploration of various optimization strategies, encompassing single-objective and multi-objective optimization with diverse weight combinations. Following this, the optimization under reacting flow conditions improves the fuel/air mixing, leading to the increase of combustion efficiency and hence the reduction of CO emissions. Our findings showcase the potential of an adjoint-based optimization framework in designing Venturi mixers that are efficient and emit lower levels of pollutants.
Step-by-Step Evaluation of the Fuel Switch From Kerosene to Hydrogen on the Thermodynamic Cycle in Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Görtz Alexander , Schneider Björn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen combustion engines are one of the few possible ways forward to drastically reduce climate impact of aviation. While there is many information about the engine performance of hydrogen combustion engines, it is not clear to which extend each property of the fuel switch effects the engines thermodynamic cycle and component behavior. The basic architecture is identical for both fuels but it is not known to which extend already existing and fully designed components can be used for the new application. In this work, the basic differences between both fuels are presented using a thermodynamic model of simplified turbojet. The archived knowledge is applied to a reference turbofan for an application similar to an Airbus A320 while burning hydrogen. Different effects occurring during the fuel switch, e.g., higher water loading after combustion and lower fuel mass flow, will be looked at separately. A retrofitted engine toward hydrogen combustion will use 1.5% less energy for the same thrust while operating at 60 K lower temperatures. The working line in the compressors will also switch toward higher mass flow rates despite the higher working fluid quality after combustion. Additionally, a new designed turbofan is presented on preliminary level for a constant fan diameter to address the effects of different thrust requirements and has a 3.6% lower specific energy consumption.