bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear Manifold Modelling of Multivariate Functional Data
Authors: Chiou Jeng-Min , Müller Hans-Georg 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMultivariate functional data are increasingly encountered in data analysis, whereas statistical models for such data are not well developed yet. Motivated by a case-study where one aims to quantify the relationship between various longitudinally recorded behaviour intensities for Drosophila flies, we propose a functional linear manifold model. This model reflects the functional dependence between the components of multivariate random processes and is defined through data-determined linear combinations of the multivariate component trajectories, which are characterized by a set of varying-coefficient functions. The time varying linear relationships that govern the components of multivariate random functions yield insights about the underlying processes and also lead to noise-reduced representations of the multivariate component trajectories. The functional linear manifold model proposed is put to the task for an analysis of longitudinally observed behavioural patterns of flying, feeding, walking and resting over the lifespan of Drosophila flies and is also investigated in simulations.
Optical coherence tomography imaging of non‐melanoma skin cancer undergoing imiquimod therapy
Authors: Banzhaf C. A. , Themstrup L. , Ring H. C. , Mogensen M. , Jemec G. B. E. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo explore the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK) before, during and after imiquimod treatment and the ability of OCT to predict treatment outcome.MethodsThe study subjects were 20 patients with biopsy‐verified BCC (9) or AK (11). Patients were OCT‐scanned before, after 1 and 4 weeks of imiquimod treatment and after 3 months. Lesions were identified clinically and with OCT. Thickness and morphology of the lesions were recorded at each visit. Any remaining lesions were biopsied at follow‐up.ResultsComplete data sets were available for 16 patients (8 women and 8 men aged 52–82 years), four in‐compliant patients were excluded. OCT identified all lesions. Previously suggested OCT‐criteria identified 5/8 BCCs. Crusting, ulceration and active treatment significantly reduced image quality. All BCCs cleared, but at follow‐up residual structures were seen clinically in 4 cases. OCT and histology both ruled out residual BCC. For AKs significant thinning occurred after 1 week of treatment (P = 0.04). Imiquimod cleared 2/8 AKs, and significantly decreased the thickness of all lesions (P = 0.02).ConclusionsOCT could identify superficial BCC and AK before treatment. Monitoring during imiquimod treatment revealed impaired image quality most likely caused by inflammation, crusting and ulceration. On follow‐up, OCT showed thinning of AKs indicating effect of treatment. All treated BCCs cleared, but where residual tissue was suspected clinically this could be ruled out by OCT.
Barack Obama and the Rhetoric of Electoral Logic
Authors: Azari Julia R. , Vaughn Justin S. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesThis article examines Barack Obama's efforts to interpret and characterize the contrasting outcomes of the 2008 and 2010 elections, using an original data set of presidential communications.MethodsWe performed a content analysis of 241 presidential communications.ResultsObama's post‐2008 mandate claims alternated between claiming a mandate on a variety of policy issues and framing the election as a repudiation of Republican theories of governing. Post‐2010, however, Obama framed the midterm results as evidence for electoral demand for bipartisan cooperation, rather than a repudiation of Democratic policies and ideas.ConclusionsObama's choices in framing the 2008 election contributed to the administration's failure to communicate effectively. Specifically, Obama neglected to create a strong narrative linking the election's results to support for his policy agenda, focusing instead on the election as a repudiation of Republican policies. In contrast, his interpretations of the 2010 midterms appear to be more effective. By identifying the Republicans' behavior as “dysfunctional” and conceding that the election had indicated a demand for the ideas of both parties, Obama offered a more successful alternative to the Republican narrative.
Quantifying the Effect of Age Structure on Voter Registration
Authors: Morrison Peter A. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveWhere population subgroups have distinctly “young” or “old” adult age distributions, their observed overall rates of political participation may differ for this demographic reason. Age standardization can quantify the proportion of an observed difference in registration rates attributable to age structural differences between two populations, thereby facilitating comparison of political participation across subgroups.MethodsI illustrate the derivation and interpretation of an age‐standardized registration rate. This rate weights a set of observed age‐specific registration rates with a standard age distribution to create a hypothetical total (all‐ages) registration rate, to afford an undistorted comparison of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white voter registration.ResultsFor seven communities studied here, differences in adult age structure account for as much as one‐third of the observed difference in the voter registration rates of adult Hispanics and non‐Hispanic whites in a community. The effect of age structure is most apparent in those communities registering substantial influxes of young‐adult Hispanics.ConclusionAge standardization is a useful technique to control for differences in population structure that may obscure a comparison of political participation across subgroups.
Cover crop growth and impact on N leaching as affected by pre‐ and postharvest sowing and time of incorporation
Authors: Thomsen I. K. , Hansen E. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn Northern Europe, cover crops are traditionally established before spring crops by undersowing, but some cover crops might also have an effect if preharvest sown before spring crops and even winter crops. The effects of cover crop sowing date, sowing technique and succeeding main crop on biomass production, N uptake, nitrate leaching and soil inorganic N were tested in lysimeters and in the field. Cruciferous cover crops (oil radish, white mustard) were sown preharvest by broadcasting into winter wheat in July and were allowed to grow until a following winter wheat was established in September. Other preharvest cover crops were left in place until late autumn. For comparison, the same cruciferous cover crops were established postharvest after light harrowing. Perennial ryegrass undersown in spring barley was also included. Aboveground N uptake in preharvest cover crops amounted to a maximum of 24 kg N/ha in September before sowing winter wheat. When left until late autumn, preharvest oil radish took up a maximum of 66 kg N/ha, and ryegrass and postharvest cover crops 35 kg N/ha. Preharvest establishment of cruciferous cover crops before a spring‐sown crop thus seems promising. The soil was depleted of inorganic N to the same extent in late autumn irrespective of cover crop type, sowing time and technique within winter wheat or spring barley. However, the reduction in nitrate leaching of preharvest cover crops incorporated after 2 months and followed by winter wheat was only half of that achieved by cover crops left until late autumn or spring.
Analysis of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a series of 170 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Hakko E. , Ozkan H.A. , Karaman K. , Gulbas Z. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionCerebral toxoplasmosis is a rare but fatal complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, which mostly is caused by reactivation of latent disease.MethodsIn this study, we report an analysis of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a series of 170 allogeneic stem cell transplant patients during a 30‐month period at our institution.ResultsAmong these allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, 5 were diagnosed with cerebral toxoplasmosis by brain magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction of Toxoplasma gondii DNA. The incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis was found to be 2.94%.ConclusionMortality rate is known to be very high in cerebral toxoplasmosis; therefore, it is life saving to diagnose the disease in the early stages and start treatment promptly, especially in high‐endemic countries like Turkey.
Towards Eurosclerosis: Will Poland Escape?
Authors: Ingham Hilary , Ingham Mike 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe economic crisis has exacted a heavy price on labour markets throughout the world and raised serious questions about the ability of the flexicurity policies to deal with the consequences. In this regard, the experience of Poland with its more flexible approach and relative success in weathering the storm is notable. Shortly before the tumult erupted, the country witnessed a dramatic decline in its unemployment rate from one of the highest in the EU‐27 to a figure below the average. However, this turnaround was apparently driven by amendments to the country's Labour Code, which generated an enormous increase in temporary working. Using consecutive annual panels from the Labour Force Survey, a strong link between this development and the fall in unemployment is identified. A multinomial logit model reveals that the flows were most heavily concentrated among males, young workers of both sexes and the less well educated. There is also evidence that fixed‐term work lured previously discouraged individuals back into the labour market. However, the requirement that Poland aligns its temporary employment legislation with that of the EU could conceivably lead to at least a partial reversal of fortune.
Ocular manifestation of lymphoma in newly diagnosed cats
Authors: Nerschbach V. , Eule J. C. , Eberle N. , Höinghaus R. , Betz D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOcular manifestations of lymphoma are described in humans and dogs but rarely in cats. In this prospective study, cats with newly diagnosed and treatment‐naïve lymphoma were evaluated concerning clinical stage and ophthalmologic findings. Twenty‐six cats were included. In 12 cats (48%), ocular changes were documented. Uveitis anterior and posterior were predominant findings, being present in 58% of affected individuals. Other findings included exophthalmos, corneal surface lesions and chemosis. Eight cats received chemotherapy, two of which had ocular involvement. In these two cats, a complete remission of an anterior and a partial remission of a posterior uveitis were documented. Due to the detection of ocular involvement, a stage migration from stage IV to V occurred in four patients. In the light of these findings, an opthalmological examination may be considered as an important part of staging in feline lymphoma as well as of follow‐up examination in affected cats.
Comparison of components of biological variation between 3 equine thromboelastography assays
Authors: Hyldahl Laursen Sigrid , Andersen Pia Haubro , Kjelgaard‐Hansen Mads , Wiinberg Bo 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThere is a paucity of information about the analytical performance of thromboelastography (TEG) in horses, specifically concerning components of variation among different analytical methods. Such data may be obtained by nested analysis of repetitive standardized sampling of healthy individuals.ObjectivesThe objectives were (1) to assess the relative susceptibility to sources of preanalytical variation in a highly standardized setting, (2) to directly compare and evaluate the observed analytical variation, and (3) to assess the applicability of population‐based reference intervals.MethodsBlood was collected once from 20 healthy adult horses and weekly for 5 consecutive weeks from 8 healthy adult horses. TEG analyses were performed on citrated whole blood using nonactivated TEG and 2 TEG assays with human recombinant tissue factor (TF) or kaolin as activators.ResultsThere were significant differences between nonactivated and activated assays for all measured parameters (P < .05). The intraindividual variation was significantly higher with the nonactivated assay compared with TF‐ and kaolin‐activated protocols. Analytical variation was generally low and comparable for all 3 assays. Nonactivated TEG showed the highest degree of within‐subject variation, TF‐activated TEG (TF‐TEG) intermediate and kaolin‐activated TEG (K‐TEG) the lowest degree of within‐subject variation.ConclusionsNonactivated TEG is more sensitive to preanalytical variation than both TF‐TEG and K‐TEG. Analytical variation was low and comparable for all assays, but not all parameters reached objective analytical goals. The results further indicate that population‐based reference intervals can be readily applied to TF‐TEG, but not to nonactivated or K‐TEG, where critical difference may provide a better interpretation criterion.
Adverse reactions to equine‐derived F(ab’)2‐antivenin in 54 dogs envenomated by Vipera berus berus
Authors: Lund Heidi S. , Kristiansen Veronica , Eggertsdóttir Anna V. , Skancke Ellen , Ranheim Birgit 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the occurrence of acute and delayed adverse reactions following the administration of an equine‐derived F(ab’)2‐antivenin in dogs with Vipera berus berus envenomation.DesignProspective study (2006–2009).SettingPrivate small animal clinics and university small animal teaching hospital in Norway.AnimalsFifty‐four dogs with Vipera berus berus envenomation treated with F(ab’)2‐antivenin.InterventionsAdministration of equine‐derived antivenin for treatment of Vipera berus berus envenomation in dogs.Measurements and Main ResultsAcute adverse reactions to antivenin administration occurred in 4/54 dogs (7%), and facial swelling occurred in 2/54 dogs (4%), sudden respiratory distress in 1 dog, and vomiting occurred in 1 dog. The adverse reactions were self‐limiting in 3 of the dogs, while 1 dog was treated with corticosteroids to reduce the facial swelling that occurred during administration of antivenin. No delayed adverse reactions believed to be associated with the antivenin administration were noted.ConclusionsAn occurrence of adverse effects comparable to the numbers reported in human medicine (10%) should be expected when administering F(ab’)2‐antivenin to dogs with Vipera berus berus envenomation. The results are also comparable with rates of adverse effects reported with antivenin administration for crotalid‐envenomated dogs. Further research is required to determine whether there is a relationship between adverse and the number of vials administered or repeated use in the same patient.
Mechanism for the Reduction of Lateral Friction Capabilities of a Delaminated Tire
Authors: Semones Paul T. , Renfroe David A. , Roberts H. Alex , Lee Don Y. 
Published: October 2013

Tire delamination is a significant vehicle dynamics safety problem contributing to the loss of control of passenger vehicles, often resulting in accidents and injuries.
This paper examines vehicle handling characteristics after a complete outer tread belt separation on 2-steel belt and 3-steel belt tires. The test vehicle used to examine this phenomenon was a Ford 15-passenger van. The test procedure was the SAE J266 circle test, and the measure of effectiveness was taken to be the lateral acceleration at which the vehicle transitioned to an oversteer characteristic.
For a typical tread separation on a 2-steel belted tire, the tire loses one of its steel belts and thus much of its structural rigidity. Vehicle testing using a 3-steel belted tire, in which only the outermost single belt was removed, and the remaining two belts were oriented along opposite diagonals, showed that the vehicle remained in an understeer condition at higher lateral accelerations than with the 2-steel belted tire, indicating that the retention of greater structural rigidity to the impaired tire resulted in it maintaining much of its cornering stiffness.
Until now, it has been assumed that the reduction in cornering stiffness of a delaminated tire was predominately due to the low coefficient of friction of the exposed steel belt after delamination. The testing described in this paper suggests that a significant influence on the remaining cornering stiffness of the tire after tread separation is the overall remaining structural rigidity of the tire.
From this testing, it is theorized that the rigidity of the delaminated tire is at least as important as the reduced coefficient of friction for the purposes of maintaining vehicle understeer behavior after a delamination.
Improving the Engagement Smoothness Through Multi-Variable Frictional Map in Automated Dry Clutch Control
Authors: D’Agostino V. , Cappetti N. , Pisaturo M. , Senatore A. 
Published: October 2013

An Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) is directly derived from a manual one through the integration of actuators; then, development and production costs are generally lower than other automatic transmissions, while the reliability and durability are at highest level. For high class sport cars, vehicle dynamic performances and driving quality can be strongly improved with respect to automatic transmissions [1]. AMTs systems are generally constituted by a dry or wet clutch assembly and a multi-speed gearbox, both equipped with electro-mechanical or electro-hydraulic actuators, which are driven by a control unit, the transmission control unit (TCU). The operating modes of AMTs are usually two: semiautomatic or fully automatic. In both cases, after the gear shift command, the TCU manages the shifting steps according to current engine regime, driving conditions and selected program.
In this transmission type the quality of the vehicle propulsion as perceived by the driver is largely dependent on the quality of the control strategies. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses on control schemes for AMTs have shown that uncertainties in clutch torque characteristic can severely affect the performance of the clutch engagement: modeling in detail the torque transmitted by the specific clutch architecture is a crucial issue in order to design robust engagement control strategies [2, 3 and 4].
This paper aims at investigating the engagement performance of an actuated dry clutch by taking into account the inference of the pressure on the facing materials and the sliding speed. In fact, according to literature outcomes [5], the friction coefficient after a first rising behavior with the sliding speed shows an asymptotic value for a typical clutch facing; the same material exhibits a nearly linear dependence of the friction coefficient on the pressure.
The simulations consider: reduced-order dynamic system for simulation of passenger car driveline, control algorithm, experimental maps of the n-D clutch transmission characteristic, and gear shift maneuvers in different operating conditions.
The outcome of this analysis could provide valuable issues for designers of automated clutches and control engineers to overcome the well known poor engagement performances of open loop motion strategy of the throwout bearing where cost reason and complexity don’t permit the use of displacement sensor.
Encapsulating Protective Layers for Enhancing Survivability of Circuit Board Assemblies in Harsh and Extreme Environments
Authors: Chao Nien-Hua , Dispenza John A. , DeAngelis Mario E. 
Published: October 2013

Potted electronics are becoming more common in precision-guided artillery-launched munitions and also missile systems due to the requirements for miniaturization and structural-robustness. In this paper we have presented a methodology for encapsulating circuit board assemblies (CBA) with a thin polymer layer. The protective polymer layer is both flexible and soft enough to protect the CBA from damage caused by CTE mismatches, and without any appreciable degradation in the structural support during the high-g forces of projectile launch.
The application process described here allows for the use of a broad range of polymer materials including those that may not be formed directly against an actual CBA. Proof-of-concept experimental tests and finite-element simulations have been performed and the tests and simulation results are shared in this paper. In addition, the protective polymer layer can also be used to improve in-circuit board crosstalk and RF interference shielding, tin-whisker growth control, moisture barrier properties, and thermal management for un-potted and potted CBAs.
Modelling Multiphase Flows in a Wellbore Using Multi-Fluid Approach
Authors: Starostin A. , Osiptsov A. , Krasnopolsky B. 
Published: October 2013

We present the results of the development of a multi-fluid model for a transient multiphase flow in a wellbore. The 1D multi-fluid model governs a transient isothermal gas/oil/water flow in a deviated well.
The model is able to predict the flow regimes with a single interface between gas and liquid mixture: stratified-smooth, stratified-wavy, and slug flow regimes. The model of a stratified flow can be modified to cover the annular flow regime. The present model is an extension of the earlier work on multi-fluid models for near-horizontal pipes [1], [2] to any inclination angle and additional phases.
The numerical algorithm is based on SIMPLE pressure-velocity coupling scheme, which is featured with the implementation of the geometry conservation based algorithm [3]. The algorithm guarantees the compliance of balance equations together with the holdup constraint within specified tolerances. The phase appearance and disappearance is treated with specific modification of governing equations.
The code is validated on the results on transitions between the regimes from hydrodynamic stability study, and particularly on the flow patterns data from open literature. We discuss the experimental and analytical flow patterns in comparison with the results by the code. The results by the model are in a reasonable agreement with earlier published work.
Finally, we focus on the initiation of the flow inside the wellbore. The wellbore considered as a long pipe starting from horizontal section and coming to surface with steep inclination. The inflow of reservoir fluids occurs in the horizontal part of the wellbore. The change of wellbore inclination induces transition between different flow regimes. The impact of realistic wellbore trajectories on the dynamics of the wellbore flow is studied.