bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery: Updates on Technologies and Outcomes
Authors: Alió Jorge L. , Abdou Ahmed A. , Puente Alfonso Arias , Zato Miguel Angel , Nagy Zoltan 
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE:
To describe femtosecond laser cataract surgery and discuss the published peer-reviewed articles to have a fair evaluation of this new technology and its comparisons to conventional phacoemulsification surgery.

METHODS:
The technology information released in this article comes from the key individuals in each of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved companies and from the available commercial information. Bibliographic research was performed in PubMed and MEDLINE for the published prospective or retrospective clinical studies.

RESULTS:
The femtosecond laser has been reported to be safe intraoperatively and postoperatively, with less cornea and macula effect than conventional phacoemulsification. The incision is integrated, stable, and aberration free. Many studies reported the high precision of the capsulotomy over manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, which favors less intraocular lens tilt, higher optical quality, and more accurate premium intraocular lens centration. The lens fragmentation is effective with significant reduction of the phacoemulsification power and effective phacoemulsification time. The refractive difference between femtosecond laser and standard phacoemulsification is minimal, with no difference in corrected distance visual acuity, but the optical quality and the internal aberrations results are significantly better for femtosecond laser phacoemulsification.

CONCLUSIONS:
Femtosecond laser cataract surgery is a good addition to cataract surgery despite its few remarkable advantages among experienced phacoemulsification surgeons.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(6):420–427.]
Outcomes After Accommodative Bioanalogic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Pallikaris Ioannis G. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Kymionis George D. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Kounis George A. 
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the outcomes after Wichterle Intraocular Lens-Continuous Focus (Medicem, Kamenné Zehrovice, Czech Republic) accommodative bioanalogic intraocular lens implantation.

METHODS:
In this prospective case series, 50 eyes of 25 patients (mean age: 65.3 ± 8.4 years; range: 53 to 83 years) were included. All patients underwent routine cataract surgery and Wichterle Intraocular Lens-Continuous Focus implantation.

RESULTS:

Mean follow-up was 11.44 ± 2.46 months (range: 9 to 17 months). Both monocular uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity statistically and significantly (
P
< .05) improved from 0.31 ± 0.17 (20/63 Snellen) (range: counting fingers to 0.7) to 0.74 ± 0.19 (20/25 Snellen) (range: 0.2 to 1) and from 0.61 ± 0.19 (20/32 Snellen) (range: 0.2 to 1) to 0.82 ± 0.13 (20/25 Snellen) (range: 0.4 to 1), respectively. Target postoperative refraction was −0.5 diopters (D) and preoperative and 1-year postoperative spherical equivalent refraction were 0.72 ± 2.71 D (range: −7.25 to 2.37 D) and −0.24 ± 0.65 D (range: −1.0 to 1.0 D), respectively. No eyes lost lines of corrected distance visual acuity during the follow-up period, whereas 88% of patients gained one or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity. Uncorrected intermediate and near visual acuity were J2 (Snellen 20/25) or better in 72% of patients. No complications occurred intraoperatively or postoperatively. The evaluation of the mean values of root mean square of third and fourth order higher-order aberrations at 1 year postoperatively revealed a mean negative spherical aberration of −0.18 ± 0.13
μ
m.

CONCLUSIONS:
Wichterle Intraocular Lens-Continuous Focus accommodative bioanalogic IOL implantation provides satisfactory visual acuity for far, intermediate, and near distances and the promising results remain stable throughout the follow-up period.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(6):402–406.]
Contact Lens-Assisted Collagen Cross-Linking (CACXL): A New Technique for Cross-Linking Thin Corneas
Authors: Jacob Soosan , Kumar Dhivya Ashok , Agarwal Amar , Basu Sushanth , Sinha Pratheek , Agarwal Ashvin 
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE:
To report a novel method of contact lens-assisted corneal cross-linking (CACXL) in eyes with thin corneas.

METHODS:

Patients diagnosed as having progressive keratectasia with a minimum corneal thickness less than 400 and greater than 350
μ
m after epithelial abrasion were included. After epithelial abrasion, the iso-osmolar riboflavin 0.1% in dextran was applied every 3 minutes for 30 minutes. An ultraviolet barrier-free soft contact lens (0.09-mm thickness, 14-mm diameter) soaked in iso-osmolar riboflavin 0.1% for 30 minutes was placed on the cornea. Once the minimum corneal thickness value was confirmed to be greater than 400
μ
m, the ultraviolet-A irradiance was started along with instillation of iso-osmolar riboflavin 0.1% in the pre-corneal and pre-contact lens region. Intraoperative minimum corneal thickness changes were recorded with ultrasound pachymetry and optical coherence tomography. Postoperative visual acuity, corneal topography (Orbscan; Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY), endothelial cell loss (EM-3000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan), and stromal demarcation line (Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) were measured.

RESULTS:

Fourteen eyes underwent the procedure. Mean preoperative minimum corneal thickness after epithelial abrasion was 377.2 ± 14.5
μ
m (range: 350 to 398
μ
m). There was a significant difference in minimum functional corneal thickness (Friedman test,
P
= .000) intraoperatively, before epithelial abrasion, after epithelial abrasion, and with contact lens and riboflavin film. Mean minimum functional corneal thickness after the contact lens was 485.1 ± 15.8
μ
m (range: 458 to 511
μ
m). Mean absolute increase in the minimum corneal thickness along with the contact lens and pre-corneal riboflavin film was 107.9 ± 9.4
μ
m (range: 90 to 124
μ
m). Mean depth of stromal demarcation line was 252.9 ± 40.8
μ
m (range: 208 to 360
μ
m). There was no significant endothelial loss (
P
= .063) and the corneal topography was stable at the last follow-up (
P
= .505).

CONCLUSIONS:

CACXL technique was effective and safe in performing cross-linking in corneas less than 400
μ
m after epithelial abrasion and appeared effective based on stromal demarcation line depth.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(6):366–372.]
Cortex Removal After Laser Cataract Surgery and Standard Phacoemulsification: A Critical Analysis of 800 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Conrad-Hengerer Ina , Schultz Tim , Jones Jason J. , Hengerer Fritz H. , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the ease of anterior cortex removal and hydrodissection of the lens in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery compared with standard phacoemulsification.

METHODS:
In the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery group (400 eyes), a femtosecond laser was used for capsulotomy and followed by lens fragmentation. In the standard group, the capsulorhexis was performed manually. In both groups, a normal hydrodissection was set, the nucleus was aspirated with or without ultrasound phacoemulsification energy, and residual cortex removal and posterior capsule polishing were performed using bimanual irrigation/aspiration. The primary end point was the time (in seconds) required for the removal of the cortex from instrument insertion in the eye until aspiration tip removal. Secondary end points were the effective phacoemulsification time, quality of the anterior capsule, and anterior or posterior capsule ruptures.

RESULTS:

Cortex removal time measured 30 ± 13 seconds (range: 10 to 76 seconds) for the standard group and 27 ± 10 seconds (range: 9 to 72 seconds) for the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery group (
P
< .005). After laser-assisted capsulotomy, one capsule was still adherent following removal by forceps. No anterior or posterior capsular tears were observed in either group.

CONCLUSIONS:
In femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, the biaxial cortex removal time was comparable with the time in standard phacoemulsification.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(8):516–520.]
Seventh cervical nerve perforating the middle scalene muscle: a possible clinical and surgical application
Authors: Silva A. , Gama H. , Siqueira S. , Sales M. , Franco A. , Casagrande M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction: In most of cases, the emergency of the nervous roots of the brachial plexus in the posterior cervical triangle occur between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. However, anatomic variations in the brachial plexus are not rare. Methods: In the laboratory of Human Anatomy of the “Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais” 106 cadavers were dissected. There were dissected the cervical region of all of the cadavers bilaterally. Results: In routinely dissection in the laboratory of human anatomy of the “Faculdade de Ciencias Médicas de Minas Gerais” we've found in the left cervical region of a male cadaver the ventral branch ofthe seventh cervical nerve (C7) perforating the substance ofthe middle scalene muscle. Conclusion: Professionals that work with this region on the practice must pay attention to this and other variations in the constitution of the brachial plexus in the clinic and surgical procedures to avoid complications.
Knowledge-based virtualization of human anatomy: development of an interactive atlas of the upper limbs
Authors: Menezes T. , Lorente G. , Silva L. , Perini M. , Batigália F. , Fernandes A. , Padovani Júnior J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Currently, two types of atlas provide anatomical studies: those with two-dimensional images, and those compiled by interactive pictures; mostly drawn virtually. In recent decades, the development of virtual anatomical atlases has been encouraged and prioritized by both the technological advances and the need to facilitate and complement medical education. The aim of this study was to develop an interactive virtual atlas of the upper limbs. Material and Methods: A systematic dissection of three upper limbs (shoulder, arm, forearm and hand) of legally preserved cadavers in Anatomy Laboratory of São José do Rio Preto Medical School, SP (FAMERP) has been carried out. Results: A website has been developed to facilitate the learning of superficial and deep structures of the limbs comprising ten pictures showing the steps and the various structures and display devices (naming demarcated structures and text with relevant information about these). In addition, the website includes a photo gallery with subtitled images of the dissected upper limbs. Conclusion: In conclusion, virtual study of Anatomy by means of interactive-image display of dissected parts can facilitate and enhance the learning of the upper limbs.
Anatomical and morphometric study of gastrointestinal tract of donkey (Equus africanus asinus)
Authors: Jerbi H. , Rejeb A. , Erdoğan S. , Pérez W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction: We dissected and described the macroscopic anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract of the donkey. Materials and Methods: Eleven domestic donkeys of both sexes from Tunisia were used for this study. Results: Although statistically insignificant, length values of the gastrointestinal tract pertaining to the females were generally higher than those pertaining to the males. The ostium cardiacum was very narrow and its diameter was 4.42 ± 0.57 mm in the males and 6 ± 1.22 mm in females. In the first part of the duodenum, we found papilla duodeni major and papilla duodeni minor. Both papillae were located very near to each other with a distance less than 1 cm and very near to the ostium pyloricum. The cecum was divided in parts of basis, corpus and apex. Three flexures divided the ascending colon into four parts: right ventral, left ventral, left dorsal and right dorsal. The cecum, left ventral colon and right dorsal colon had more evident sacculations (Haustra ceci and coli) (Figure 5). Teniae numbers were constant in all animals as 4, 4, 4, 1, 3 and 2 for cecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon and descending colon, respectively. Conclusion: Although the gross anatomy of the intestines of the donkey was similar to the domestic horse in general, we detected some differences between these equine species.
Comparison between linear evaluation and fractal geometry of the human and sheep heart
Authors: Delgobo M. , Olchanheski Junior L. , Favero G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction: The comparison between the anatomical heart sheep and the human heart in a straight line shows a high degree of similarity; the dimensions of the heart sheep closely resemble the human heart. Materials and Methods: All analyzes and photographs taken from the sheep heart and human heart were performed in the laboratory of human anatomy, department of health and biological sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa. The morphometric analysis included 8 specimens heart study material pertaining to the anatomy lab UEPG. The sheep hearts were obtained from slaughterhouse taking into account the relative weight next to the human, between 60 and 70kg. Measurements were taken with digital calipers. Results: Internally it is possible to observe the macroscopic similarity between the atrial ventricular chambers of the sheep heart and the human heart. In a non-linear analysis, it can be concluded that they are distinct in complexity, as the human heart shown largest value of fractal dimension in relation to the sheep heart. Conclusion: The comparative study suggests more comprehensive use of the sheep heart as a model for anatomical study, due to its proximity to the human heart, but denotes the differences in complexity between the organs through the use of fractal dimension.
Variations in the formation of the trunks of brachial plexus
Authors: Aragão J. , Melo L. , Barreto A. , Da Silva Leal A. , Reis F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background: The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves that innervates the upper limbs. Variations in brachial plexus are common, as well as its relationships with other anatomical structures, gaining thus clinical and surgical importance. The aim of this study was to report variations in the formation of the trunks of brachial plexus. Material and Methods: Forty upper limbs from 20 human fetuses were used, fixed and kept in 10% formol solution. Fetal age was estimated from the hallux-calcaneus length and ranged from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation, with a mean of25.63 weeks. The plexus were dissected without the aid of optical instruments, and the access route for dissection began 2 cm below the mastoid process, followed the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle until the medial third of the clavicle, and then went through the deltopectoral groove until the arm. Results: Of the 40 plexuses investigated, 37 (92.5%) had the usual trunk formation, and 3 (7.5%) showed variation in its formation. Among these, in 2 (5%) plexuses of a single fetus, the upper trunk was formed by the C5, C6 and C7 roots, the middle trunk by the C8 root, and the lower trunk by the T1 root, both on left and right sides. In 1 (2.5%) plexus of another fetus, there was the formation of four trunks on the left side: the first trunk was formed by the C4 and C5 roots, the second by the C7 root, the third by the C8 root, and the forth by the T1 root. Conclusion: Studies on variations in brachial plexus should continue to draw the attention of different healthcare professionals who work directly or indirectly with this plexus in their daily routine.
Childhood obesity and its cardiovascular implications: a current view
Authors: Ornelas E. , Francica J. , Wichi R. , Maifrino L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObesity is a universal disease of increasing prevalence and currently assumes epidemiological characteristic, as a main public health issue in contemporary society. Results from genetic, behavioral and environmental factors and it may start at any age. However, obesity appears at early ages predisposes to its presence at later ages bringing several complications, particularly the development of cardiovascular disease. The analysis indicates that autonomic dysfunction seems to be presented among the majority of risk factors that develop this disease, suggesting the need for a deeper study of this mechanism in children population
Femoral artery in a Crab-eating fox: case report
Authors: Senos R. , Benedicto H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDespite it is widely distributed in South America, there are few data about the anatomy of the Crab-eating fox. Once the domestic dog can be used as model for clinical and surgical approaches, the anatomical differences found between the Crab-eating fox and the domestic dog are important. The aim of this study is to describe the supplied areas of the femoral artery and its respective branches in Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) and compare them with domestic dogs. Two pelvic limbs from one adult male animal originated from the Niteroi Zoo were used. The vascular system was filled with neoprene latex and fixed with 10% formalin to make the dissection easier. The results displayed similar arrangement for the branches of the femoral artery of the Crab-eating Fox in comparison with domestic dogs, except for the Lateral circumflex femoral artery. This artery not only supplied the Satorius muscle, Quadriceps femoris muscle but also the ventral part of the lateral abdominal wall. This study brings data to applied anatomy and biodiversity.
The Possible Trinity: Optimal Interest Rate, Exchange Rate, and Taxes on Capital Flows in a DSGE Model for a Small Open Economy
Authors: Escudé Guillermo J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A traditional way of thinking about the exchange rate (XR) regime and capital account openness has been framed in terms of the ‘impossible trinity’ or ‘trilemma’, in which policymakers can only have 2 of 3 possible outcomes: open capital markets, monetary independence and pegged XRs. This paper is an extension of Escude (A DSGE Model for a SOE with Systematic Interest and Foreign Exchange Policies in Which Policymakers Exploit the Risk Premium for Stabilization Purposes, 2013), which focused on interest rate and XR policies, since it introduces the third vertex of the ‘trinity’ in the form of taxes on private foreign debt. These affect the risk-adjusted uncovered interest parity equation and hence influence the SOE’s international financial flows. A useful way to illustrate the range of policy alternatives is to associate them with the faces of a triangle. Each of 3 possible government intervention policies taken individually (in the domestic currency bond market, in the FX market, and in the foreign currency bonds market) corresponds to one of the vertices of the triangle, each of the 3 possible pairs of intervention policies corresponds to one of its 3 edges, and the 3 simultaneous intervention policies taken jointly correspond to its interior. This paper shows that this interior, or ‘possible trinity’ is quite generally not only possible but optimal, since the CB obtains a lower loss when it implements a policy with all three interventions.
The Causal Linkages between Sovereign CDS Prices for the BRICS and Major European Economies
Authors: Stolbov Mikhail 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The article examines causal relationships between sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) prices for the BRICS and most important EU economies (Germany, France, the UK, Italy, Spain) during the European debt crisis. The cross-correlation function (CCF) approach that distinguishes between causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance and the Breitung– Candelon causality test in the frequency domain are used in the research. Both tests reveal limited dependence of the BRICS CDS (especially, in the case of Brazil, China and South Africa) on the EU CDS prices. Thus, the paper underscores the signs of decoupling in the sovereign CDS market and also supports the view that the European debt crisis has so far had a limited non-EU impact in this market.
Osteochondral Lesion of the Hip Treated with Partial Femoral Head Resurfacing. Case Report and Six-Year Follow-up
Authors: Lea Matthew A. , Barkatali Bilal , Porter Martyn L. , Board Timothy N. 
Published: June 2014

Introduction This case describes a case of an osteochondral lesion in the femoral head and its treatment by partial resurfacing of the femoral head using the HemiCAP (Contoured Articular Prosthetic) hip resurfacing system. Case History A 19-year-old patient who complained of 15 months of worsening left hip pain. X-rays and MR scan revealed a large osteochondral lesion. Surgery A Ganz approach to the hip in the lateral position was used. The osteochondral lesion was identified, lying superiorly and centrally on the head, in the weight bearing zone. The osteochondral fragment was removed and HemiCAP prosthesis applied. Outcome At six-year follow-up the patient remains pain free clinically. And radiographic follow-up shows no evidence of loosening. Conclusion There are multiple methods of treatment described in the literature for osteochondral lesions; but treatments for defects of the femoral head are few. We conclude that partial hip resurfacing using the HemiCAP prosthesis is an effective treatment for osteochondral defects of the femoral head.
Revision of Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacements and Resurfacings for Adverse Reaction to Metal Debris: A Systematic Review of Outcomes
Authors: Matharu Gulraj S. , Pynsent Paul B. , Dunlop David J. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose This systematic review assessed evidence on outcomes following revision of MoM hip resurfacings (HRs) and total hip replacements (THRs) for adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD). Methods Four electronic databases were searched between January 2009 and July 2013 to identify studies reporting clinical outcomes following revision of MoM HRs and THRs for ARMD. Only studies reporting cohorts with more than 10 metal-on-metal (MoM) hips revised for ARMD were included. Outcomes of interest following ARMD revision were: 1) complication rates; 2) re-revision rates; 3) surgical intervention other than re-revision; 4) functional outcome. Results Of 148 unique studies identified, six studies were eligible for inclusion containing 216 MoM hips (197 HRs and 19 THRs) revised for ARMD. Mean follow-up time from ARMD revision ranged between 21-61 months. Complication rates were 4%-50% for HR and 68% for THR. Re-revision rates were 3%-38% for HR and 21% for THR. Dislocation (n = 14), ARMD recurrence (n = 11), and acetabular loosening (n = 9) were the three commonest complications and indications for re-revision. All six studies reported between one and three cases of ARMD recurrence during follow-up. One study specifically reported on performing procedures other than re-revision with 26% requiring closed reductions for dislocated THRs. Functional outcomes following ARMD revision were good or satisfactory in all but two studies. Conclusions Limited evidence exists regarding outcomes following revision of MoM hips for ARMD, especially for THRs. This should be addressed in future studies and may be important when counselling asymptomatic individuals in whom revision is considered for raised blood metal ions.