bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fixation time using Diff‐Quik for staining of canine mast cell tumor aspirates
Authors: Jackson Dorothy E. , Selting Kim A. , Spoor Melanie S. , Henry Carolyn J. , Wiedmeyer Charles E. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundMast cell tumors are the most common cutaneous tumor in the dog and are often diagnosed via fine‐needle aspiration and cytology. Many veterinary practices use Diff‐Quik stain for these cases because it is easy to use and provides rapid results. Anecdotal reports suggest that Diff‐Quik does not stain mast cell tumor granules well and that increased duration of fixation time can improve staining quality; however, this has not been prospectively evaluated.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine if varying fixation time would affect the staining quality of mast cell granules using the Diff‐Quik stain. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the staining of the granules based on duration of time in the fixation solution.MethodsFine‐needle aspirates of cutaneous mast cell tumors were obtained from 21 dogs and distributed on multiple slides. These slides were then stained in Diff‐Quik at varying fixation times (ie, 5 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes). One slide was stained with modified Wright stain as a control. Mast cell staining quality was evaluated either by blinded clinicopathologic review (n = 12) or by computer analysis of photomicrographs (n = 6). Results were compared with histopathologic grade.ResultsThere was no difference in staining quality among groups.ConclusionsAlteration in fixation time using Diff‐Quik does not improve staining characteristics of mast cell tumors.
Evaluation of hematologic, blood gas, and select biochemical variables in ovine whole blood stored in CPDA‐1 bags
Authors: Sousa Rejane S. , Barrêto‐Júnior Raimundo A. , Sousa Isadora K. F. , Chaves Dowglish F. , Soares Herbert S. , Barros Isabella O. , Minervino Antonio H. H. , Ortolani Enrico L. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe economic consequences from mortality of sheep after blood loss can be considerable. To date there are no reports addressing hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical changes in ovine blood stored in CPDA‐1 bags.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical alterations resulting from storage of ovine blood in CPDA‐1 bags to establish transfusion protocols in sheep.MethodsFrom each of 7 healthy 8‐month‐old sheep 450 mL of blood were collected into CPDA‐1 bags and stored for 35 days in at 3–6°C. Samples were taken from the bags at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 35. Whole blood was used to assess PCV, MCV, RBC count, pH, pO2, pCO2, and concentrations of bicarbonate, sodium, and lactate. Plasma was used to measure potassium, hemoglobin, and glucose concentrations.ResultsThe PCV remained stable throughout the storage period, while plasma hemoglobin and MCV began to increase on days 7 and 21, respectively. The RBC count began to decrease on day 21. Blood pH decreased and pCO2 increased steadily throughout the storage period. Potassium concentration increased from 3.8 to 18.3 mmol/L on day 7 and remained high thereafter. In contrast, sodium concentration began to decrease on day 7.ConclusionsThe results show that ovine blood undergoes hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical changes during storage. Further studies are required to establish RBC viability in CPDA‐1 bags after a storage period of 35 days.
Hemophagocytic syndrome in a cat with multiple myeloma
Authors: Dunbar Mark D. , Lyles Sarah 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, castrated male, Domestic Medium Hair cat was presented to the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital with a 2‐week history of upper respiratory infection and increased serum globulins, as reported by the referring veterinarian. Physical examination was unremarkable other than melanosis of the left iris, with no evidence of ocular, nasal, or respiratory disease. Laboratory abnormalities included moderate nonregenerative anemia, mild leukopenia, mild hyperfibrinogenemia, severe hyperglobulinemia, mild hypoalbuminemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasonographic examination revealed mild splenomegaly with no other abnormalities. Thoracic radiographs revealed no abnormalities. Cytologic evaluation of fine‐needle aspirates from the spleen, liver, and bone marrow revealed numerous plasma cells and many vacuolated macrophages exhibiting marked phagocytosis of mature erythrocytes and platelets, occasionally metarubricytes and leukocytes, and rarely plasma cells. The cytologic interpretation was multiple myeloma and associated hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal gammopathy, providing further evidence for a multiple myeloma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report ofHPSsecondary to neoplasia in a cat.
Cestode infection in 2 dogs: cytologic findings in liver and a mesenteric lymph node
Authors: Patten Penny K. , Rich Lon J. , Zaks Karen , Blauvelt Melissa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMesocestoidescestode infections in dogs are well known for causing severe peritonitis with larvae or larval fragments (metacestodes, tetrathyridia, or calcareous corpuscles) frequently observed cytologically in peritoneal fluid samples. This case report describes the cytologic and clinical features of 2 dogs infected with cestode larvae, with one case confirmed and the other presumed to beMesocestoidessp. In these 2 unusual cases, cestode larvae or larval fragments were found in fine‐needle aspirates of the liver and a mesenteric lymph node, but no organisms were found in peritoneal fluid samples. The data presented in this report indicate that clinical pathologists should not rule outMesocestoidessp cestodiasis based on the absence of larvae in peritoneal fluid samples from dogs.
Reference intervals for select hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes of wild Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence River in New York
Authors: DiVincenti Louis , Wyatt Jeff , Priest Heather , Dittman Dawn , Klindt Rodger , Gordon David , Preston Andrew , Smith Thomas , Bowman Colby 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundLake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is a long‐lived freshwater fish distributed throughout the Great Lakes region and is a threatened species in New York State. The species' unique life cycle makes it useful as an indicator of ecosystem health, and efforts to repatriate Lake Sturgeon to their historic range are underway. However, comprehensive hematologic and biochemical reference intervals that would be valuable for assessing the health status of individual animals have not been reported.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine normal hematologic and plasma biochemical reference intervals for healthy wild Lake Sturgeon.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 52 wild Lake Sturgeon caught in gill nets in the St. Lawrence River. Heparinized whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed using standard techniques. Reference intervals were calculated using the robust method following elimination of outliers and Box–Cox transformation of data.ResultsHematologic reference intervals were as follows: PCV 17–38%, estimated WBC count 2740–23,150/μL, neutrophils 193–6121/μL, eosinophils 0–558/μL, other granulocytes/heterophils 0–488/μL, lymphocytes 1447–14,044/μL, and monocytes 55–1684/μL. Plasma biochemical reference intervals were as follows: aspartate aminotransferase 333–1746 U/L, calcium 1.85–2.80 mmol/L, chloride 95–123 mmol/L, creatine kinase 776–35,536 U/L, glucose 2.94–14.76 mmol/L, glutamate dehydrogenase 6–30 U/L, phosphate 2.03–5.81 mmol/L, potassium 2.34–4.24 mmol/L, sodium 122.9–151.1 mmol/L, total protein 2.0–4.4 g/dL, triglycerides 1.07–5.12 mmol/L, and uric acid 1–251 μmol/L.ConclusionReference intervals reported here will be useful for health assessment of wild and repatriated Lake Sturgeon.
Multiple myeloma in a dog with multiple concurrent infectious diseases and persistent polyclonal gammopathy
Authors: Geigy Caroline , Riond Barbara , Bley Carla Rohrer , Grest Paula , Kircher Patrick , Lutz Hans 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA 12‐year‐old, spayed female, mixed‐breed dog was presented for acute hematuria, stranguria, polyuria, and polydipsia, as well as lameness for 8 days. Previous medical history included treatment for infection with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Leishmania infantum, and Dirofilaria immitis 6.5 years prior to presentation. Besides persistently increased antibody titers to E canis and A phagocytophilum, polyclonal gammopathy with a monoclonal spike and moderate hypercalcemia were observed. There was marked hematuria, and Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from urine. Two weeks after successful treatment of the urinary tract infection, radiographs showed an extensive destructive monostotic lesion of the right humerus. Cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspirates of this lesion revealed a neoplastic round cell population suggestive of multiple myeloma. The dog was treated with melphalan and prednisolone for suspected multiple myeloma and doxycycline for suspected ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Treatments lead to resolution of the clinical signs, hypercalcemia, and monoclonal gammopathy, and there was radiographic improvement of bone lesions; polyclonal gammopathy persisted. About one year after presentation the dog was still in clinical remission. This is a rare report of a dog with suspected multiple myeloma and a history of multiple chronic infectious diseases, suggesting that chronic infection and uncontrolled long‐term stimulation of the immune system could contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.
Validation of the Celltac alpha automated hematology analyzer for canine and feline blood samples
Authors: McDaniel Barbara Jane , Hirschberger Johannes , Weber Karin 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundSmall hematology analyzers for veterinary practices improve point‐of‐care diagnostic testing for companion animals. Validation of these instruments is needed to ensure the accuracy of results.ObjectivesThe objective was to validate the Celltac alpha hematology analyzer for feline and canine blood samples.MethodsCanine and feline blood samples were analyzed on a Celltac alpha and a Sysmex XT‐2000iV. Manual methods were used for the WBC differential count, PCV, and feline platelet (PLT) count. Flagging and precision of the new instrument were analyzed. Correlation and Bland–Altman analyses were used to compare the methods.ResultsA total of 623 blood samples (363 canine, 260 feline) were analyzed. Within‐batch precision of the Celltac showed acceptable coefficients of variation (CV) for WBC count (< 4%), PLT count (< 8%), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration (< 3%), and HCT (< 3%), while precision was poor for leukocyte subpopulations. HGB concentration and WBC count had good agreement between the methods. CV for the granulocyte (GRAN) count was 2–9% in cats and 6–29% in dogs. CV for the lymphocyte (LYM) count was 8–20% in cats and 13–51% in dogs. Negative bias and a proportional systematic error were apparent for PLT count, feline HCT, and eosinophil count. Analytical error flags and incomplete results were reported for 11.8% of canine and 25.4% of feline samples.ConclusionsLeukocytosis and leukopenia were reliably detected by the Celltac alpha. The instrument provided acceptable results for total WBC count, GRAN count, HGB concentration, and HCT in canine blood samples, but PLT count was systematically overestimated. In feline blood samples, both low and high PLT counts were inaccurate and a proportional systematic error for HCT led to overestimation of this variable. Imprecision for WBC differential counts was high.
Serum biochemical reference intervals for the Polish Konik horse (Equus cabalus gmelini Ant.)
Authors: Niedźwiedź Artur , Jaworski Zbigniew , Filipowski Henryk , Zawadzki Marcin , Wrzosek Marcin , Służewska‐Niedźwiedź Monika , Nicpoń Józef 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundEstablishment of reference intervals (RI) for serum biochemical analytes is important for monitoring the health of different breeds of horses.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to measure and report RI for serum biochemical analytes of the Polish Konik horse.Material and methodsBlood samples were collected from 74 clinically healthy Polish Konik horses living under controlled natural conditions. These were adult primitive horses, aged 3–15 years, including 28 males (21 stallions, 7 geldings) and 46 mares. Serum analytes were measured and analyzed using a commercial automated analyzer.ResultsThe following RI (medians) were comparable to previously published RI in horses: albumin 34.8–41.3 g/L (38.0); ALP 124–309 U/L (216); ALT 6–33 U/L (19); AST 300–566 U/L (433); calcium 2.8–3.2 mmol/L (3.0); chloride 95–102 mmol/L (99); cholesterol 2.1–3.4 mmol/L (2.7); CK 167–488 U/L (328); creatinine 101–170 μmol/L (136); glucose 2.7–5.3 mmol/L (4.0); lipase 303–1143 U/L (723); magnesium 0.8–1.0 mmol/L (0.9); phosphate 0.9–1.5 mmol/L (1.2); potassium 2.4–5.0 mmol/L (3.7); sodium 138–144 mmol/L (141); total bilirubin 8–16 μmol/L (11.7); total protein 63.5–78.9 g/L (71.2); triglycerides 0.0–0.3 mmol/L (0.1); urea 2.2–7.3 mmol/L (4.7).ConclusionReference intervals established in this study provide a valuable preliminary baseline for assessment of serum analytes in healthy Polish Konik horses.
Significance of mastocytemia in cats
Authors: Piviani Martina , Walton Raquel M. , Patel Reema T. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundIn cats, mastocytemia is considered to be confined to animals with mast cell tumors (MCT), whereas in dogs it is associated with diverse diseases.ObjectiveThe objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of mastocytemia in cats.MethodsAll blood smears and buffy coat (BC) smears on which mast cells were identified over a 6‐year period were retrospectively reviewed and mast cells counted. Mastocytemic cats were classified based on their clinical diagnosis.ResultsMastocytemia was identified on 40 blood smears and 13BCsmears from 33 cats. The incidence of mastocytemia detected in cats during routineCBCs was 0.33% (40/12,116CBCs). Twenty‐two of 33 mastocytemic cats (67%) had visceral (n = 17) or cutaneousMCT(n = 7), including 2 that had concurrent visceral and cutaneous involvement. In 3 additional cases (9%), visceralMCTwas clinically suspected, but no cytologic or histopathologic evaluation of visceral organs was performed.MCTwas excluded in 3 of 33 mastocytemic cats (9%) with a final diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasia (n = 2) and multiorgan hemangiosarcoma (n = 1). Five additional animals (15%) had a diagnosis other thanMCT, including lymphoma (n = 2) and chronic renal failure (n = 3), but no cytologic or histopathologic evaluation of the spleen was performed. Blood smears from cats with confirmedMCThad 1–113 mast cells per smear, whereas cats in whichMCTwas excluded had 1–2 mast cells per smear.ConclusionsData confirm that mastocytemia is rare and most commonly found in cats with visceralMCT; however, rare circulating mast cells may also be seen with neoplasms other thanMCT.
Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Three Clustered Cases Co‐Infected with Lyme Disease and Rickettsioses
Authors: Xuefei D. , Qin H. , Xiaodi G. , Zhen G. , Wei L. , Xuexia H. , Jiazhen G. , Xiuping F. , Meimei T. , Jingshan Z. , Yunru L. , Xiaoling F. , Kanglin W. , Xingwang L. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryLyme disease and rickettsioses are two common diseases in China. However, the concomitant occurrence of both diseases in a single individual has been reported infrequently in literature. We reported three related female patients admitted at Beijing Ditan Hospital from October to December 2010. They had similar epidemiological histories. At the beginning, they only got a single diagnosis, respectively, but after specific screenings, the final diagnoses were made. Because arthropods can harbour more than one disease‐causing agent, patients can be infected with more than one pathogen at the same time, so the possibility of co‐infection could be higher than what was thought previously. These observations suggested that clinicians should enhance the complete screening of arthropod‐related infectious diseases so as to make an accurate diagnosis and to avoid diagnostic errors.
The mechanical uncoupler blebbistatin is associated with significant electrophysiological effects in the isolated rabbit heart
Authors: Brack Kieran E. , Narang Ravi , Winter James , Ng G. André 
Published: January 2013

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Does the mechanical uncoupler blebbistatin affect cardiac electrophysiology?
What is the main finding and what is its importance?Blebbistatin significantly affects cardiac ventricular electrophysiology and induction of ventricular fibrillation. This is a new finding that has serious implications for optical mapping studies where blebbistatin is used to inhibit cardiac contraction.
Blebbistatin (BS) is a recently discovered inhibitor of the myosin II isoform and has been adopted as the mechanical uncoupler of choice for optical mapping, because previous studies suggest that BS has no significant cardiac electrophysiological effects in a number of species. The aim of this study was to determine whether BS affects cardiac electrophysiology in isolated New Zealand White rabbit hearts. Langendorff‐perfused hearts (n= 39) in constant‐flow mode had left ventricular monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) measured at apical and basal regions during constant pacing (300 ms cycle length). Standard action potential duration restitution was obtained using the single extrastimulus method with measurement of the maximal restitution slope. Ventricular fibrillation threshold was measured as the minimal current inducing sustained ventricular fibrillation with burst pacing (30 stimuli, at 30 ms intervals). Optical action potentials were recorded using the voltage‐sensitive dye di‐4‐ANEPPS. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 60 min perfusion with BS (5 μm). Blebbistatin significantly prolonged left ventricular apical (mean ± SEM; from 129.9 ± 2.9 to 170.7 ± 4.1 ms, P < 0.001, n= 8) and basal MAPD (from 135.0 ± 2.3 to 163.3 ± 5.6 ms, P < 0.001) and effective refractory period (from 141.3 ± 4.8 to 175.6 ± 3.7 ms, P < 0.001) whilst increasing the maximal slope of restitution (apex, from 0.79 ± 0.09 to 1.57 ± 0.16, P < 0.001; and base, from 0.71 ± 0.06 to 1.44 ± 0.24, P < 0.001) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (from 5.3 ± 1.1 to 17.0 ± 2.9 mA, P < 0.001). In other hearts, blebbistatin significantly prolonged optically recorded action potentials (from 136.5 ± 6.3 to 173.0 ± 7.9 ms, P < 0.05, n= 4). In control experiments, the increase of MAPD with blebbistatin was present whether the hearts were perfused in constant‐pressure mode (n= 5) or in unloaded conditions (n= 5). These data show that blebbistatin significantly affects cardiac electrophysiology. Its use in optical mapping studies should be treated with caution.
Weighted‐peak assessment of occupational exposure due to MRI gradient fields and movements in a nonhomogeneous static magnetic field
Authors: Andreuccetti D. , Contessa G. M. , Falsaperla R. , Lodato R. , Pinto R. , Zoppetti N. , Rossi P. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:A procedure for assessing occupational exposure due to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient magnetic fields and movement‐induced effects in the static magnetic field is proposed and tested.Methods:The procedure was based on the application of theweighted‐peak method in time domain. It was tested in two 1.5 T total‐body and one 3 T head‐only scanner MRI facilities in Rome (Italy). Exposure due to switched gradient fields was evaluated in locations inside the magnet room where operators usually stay during particular medical procedures (e.g., cardiac examinations of anesthetized patients); MRI sequences were selected to approach as far as possible a representative worst case exposure scenario. Movement‐induced effects were evaluated considering the actual movements of volunteer operators during work activity, by measuring the perceived time‐varying magnetic field by a head‐worn probe. The analysis of results was based on ICNIRP 1998 and 2010 guidelines, following a weighted‐peak approach and including an ad hoc extension to the latter ones, needed to verify compliance in the frequency range 0–1 Hz.Results:Exposures due to switched gradient fields in 1.5 T MRI scanners mostly resulted noncompliant with ICNIRP 1998 occupational reference levels, being, at the same time, always compliant with ICNIRP 2010 ones. Gradient field levels and ICNIRP indexes were significantly lower for the 3 T unit, due to its small dimensions, as that unit was a head‐only scanner. Movement‐induced effects resulted potentially noncompliant only in the case the operator moved the head inside the bore of a 1.5 T scanner.Conclusions:The procedure had proven to be a sound approach to exposure assessment in MRI. Its testing allowed to draw some general considerations about exposures to gradient magnetic fields and movement‐induced effects.