bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time for change? Food choices in the transition to cohabitation and parenthood
Authors: Hartmann Christina , Dohle Simone , Siegrist Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveWe compared the dietary behaviour of three different household types and explored developmental trends in food choices following a life event.DesignThe study is based on data from three Swiss Food Panel survey periods. A cross-sectional comparison between household types was conducted by using a one-way independent ANOVA. Repeated measures were analysed with a mixed ANCOVA to examine changes in dietary behaviour following a life event.SettingParticipants in the survey filled in a questionnaire in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012.SubjectsThe final sample consisted of 3559 persons with a mean age of 56 years (range 22–94 years; 46 % men). Seventy-two people moved in with their partner and sixty-five people reported the birth of their first child.ResultsCross-sectional evidence confirmed that women living in households with a partner reported higher consumption frequencies for meat and processed meats compared with those living alone. Men living in cohabitation had a higher vegetable intake. The transitional effect of moving in with a partner, however, resulted in a higher intake of processed meats for both genders and a higher intake of pork and savoury items for men. Transition to motherhood was linked to an increase in vegetable consumption, while the transition to fatherhood did not change consumption patterns significantly.ConclusionsIndividuals in life-stage transitions are more likely to change their nutritional strategies and life events can be a window of opportunity for changes towards better food choices.
Development of the Eating Choices Index (ECI): a four-item index to measure healthiness of diet
Authors: Pot Gerda K , Richards Marcus , Prynne Celia J , Stephen Alison M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveCurrent indices of diet quality generally include intakes of specific foods or nutrients. We sought to develop an index that discriminates healthy and unhealthy eating choices for use in large surveys as a short questionnaire and as a measure in existing studies with adequate dietary data.DesignThe Eating Choices Index (ECI) score included four components: (i) consumption of breakfast, (ii) consumption of two portions of fruit per day, (iii) type of milk consumed and (iv) type of bread consumed, each providing a score from 1 to 5. In analysis of 5 d food records, the ECI score was examined in relation to macronutrients, fibre, vitamin C, Fe, Ca and folate using Pearson correlations. Variation with sex, BMI, socio-economic status, marital status, smoking status and physical activity were also investigated.SettingMedical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development.SubjectsIndividuals (n2256) aged 43 years.ResultsThe ECI score (mean 12·3 (sd3·5)) was significantly positively associated with protein, carbohydrate, fibre, vitamin C, Fe, Ca and folate (r= 0·2–0·5;P< 0·001) and significantly negatively associated with fat intake (r= –0·2;P< 0·001); ECI scores were not correlated with total energy intake. Individuals with a lower ECI score were more likely to be men (P< 0·001), overweight or obese (P< 0·001), have lower socio-economic status (P< 0·001), smoke more (P< 0·001) and be less physically active (P< 0·001).ConclusionsECI scores correlated with nutrient profiles consistent with a healthy diet. It provides a simple method to rank diet healthiness in large observational studies.
Evaluating the diet of children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: first results from the TEENDIAB study
Authors: Weber Katharina Susanne , Raab Jennifer , Haupt Florian , Aschemeier Bärbel , Wosch Anja , Ried Christiane , Kordonouri Olga , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele , Winkler Christiane 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is potentially influenced by nutrition. The aim of our study was to assess food and nutrient intakes of children at increased risk of T1D.DesignDietary intake of the last 4 weeks was assessed using a diet history interview. The daily nutrient and food intakes were compared with the German Dietary Reference Intakes, the Optimized Mixed Diet recommendations and those of a representative sample of children from the EsKiMo study.SettingChildren included in the analysis participated in the prospective TEENDIAB study.SubjectsFirst-degree relatives of people with T1D (n 268), aged 8–12 years.ResultsThe TEENDIAB children consumed 52·0 % of their total energy from carbohydrates, 32·6 % from fat and 14·3 % from protein. Compared with the reference values, their intake was lowest for folate at 61·3 % of the reference, for iodine at 58·1 % and for vitamin D at 8·9 %, and exceeded the reference for vitamin K about 5-fold, for Na about 3·5-fold and for protein about 1·5-fold. Their nutrient intakes were similar to those of a control cohort without increased T1D risk. The consumption of non-desirable food groups (meat products, sweets/snacks) was above the recommendations and the consumption of desirable food groups (fruits, vegetables, carbohydrate-rich foods) was below the recommendations.ConclusionsThe TEENDIAB children had intakes considerably below the recommendations for vitamin D, iodine, folate and plant-based foods, and intakes above for vitamin K, Na, protein, meat products and sweets/snacks. They showed similar dietary patterns to non-risk children.
In-Focus Electrostatic Zach Phase Plate Imaging for Transmission Electron Microscopy with Tunable Phase Contrast of Frozen Hydrated Biological Samples
Authors: Frindt Nicole , Oster Marco , Hettler Simon , Gamm Björn , Dieterle Levin , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Gerthsen Dagmar , Schröder Rasmus R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of beam sensitive weak-phase objects such as biological cryo samples usually show a very low signal-to-noise ratio. These samples have almost no amplitude contrast and instead structural information is mainly encoded in the phase contrast. To increase the sample contrast in the image, especially for low spatial frequencies, the use of phase plates for close to focus phase contrast enhancement in TEM has long been discussed. Electrostatic phase plates are favorable in particular, as their tunable potential will allow an optimal phase shift adjustment and higher resolution than film phase plates as they avoid additional scattering events in matter. Here we show the first realization of close to focus phase contrast images of actin filament cryo samples acquired using an electrostatic Zach phase plate. Both positive and negative phase contrast is shown, which is obtained by applying appropriate potentials to the phase plate. The dependence of phase contrast improvement on sample orientation with respect to the phase plate is demonstrated and single-sideband artifacts are discussed. Additionally, possibilities to reduce contamination and charging effects of the phase plate are shown.
Overconvergent Eichler–Shimura isomorphisms
Authors: Andreatta Fabrizio , Iovita Adrian , Stevens Glenn 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGiven a prime $p\gt 2$, an integer $h\geq 0$, and a wide open disk $U$ in the weight space $ \mathcal{W} $ of ${\mathbf{GL} }_{2} $, we construct a Hecke–Galois-equivariant morphism ${ \Psi }_{U}^{(h)} $ from the space of analytic families of overconvergent modular
symbols over $U$ with bounded slope $\leq h$, to the corresponding space of analytic families of overconvergent
modular forms, all with ${ \mathbb{C} }_{p} $-coefficients. We show that there is a finite subset $Z$ of $U$ for which this morphism induces a $p$-adic analytic family of isomorphisms relating overconvergent
modular symbols of weight $k$ and slope $\leq h$ to overconvergent modular forms of weight $k+ 2$ and slope $\leq h$.
Impact of large-scale organic conversion on food production and food security in two Indian states, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Panneerselvam P. , Hermansen John Erik , Halberg Niels , Arthanari P. Murali 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe millions of food insecure people in India are not solely due to inadequate food production, but also because some people are simply too poor to buy food. This study assessed how a large-scale conversion from conventional to organic production would impact on the economics of marginal and small farmers in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh, and on the total food production in these states. This study also considered a situation where fertilizer subsidies would be discontinued, with farmers having to carry the full cost of fertilizer. Results show that conversion to organic improved the economic situation of farmers although food production was reduced by 3–5% in the organic situation. Thus, the estimated economic values were higher in the organic system (5–40% in fertilizer subsidy scenario and 22–132% in no fertilizer subsidy scenario) than in the conventional system, whereas the total state-level food productions were lowered by 3–5% in the organic compared to the conventional system. Food production was higher when rainfed, and lower in the irrigated situation in the large-scale organic scenario. Although the study addresses short-term perspectives of large-scale conversion to organic farming, more research is needed to understand the long-term impact of organic conversion on food production, nutrient supply, food security and poverty reduction.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON TRUTH HIERARCHIES
Authors: WELCH P. D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe show how in the hierarchies${F_\alpha }$of Fieldian truth sets, and Herzberger’s${H_\alpha }$revision sequence starting from any hypothesis for${F_0}$(or${H_0}$) that essentially each${H_\alpha }$(or${F_\alpha }$) carries within it a history of the whole prior revision process.As applications (1) we provide a precise representation for, and a calculation of the length of, possiblepath independent determinateness hierarchiesof Field’s (2003) construction with a binary conditional operator. (2) We demonstrate the existence of generalized liar sentences, that can be considered as diagonalizing past the determinateness hierarchies definable in Field’s recent models. The ‘defectiveness’ of such diagonal sentences necessarily cannot be classified by any of the determinateness predicates of the model. They are ‘ineffable liars’. We may consider them a response to the claim of Field (2003) that ‘the conditional can be used to show that the theory is not subject to “revenge problems”.’
Assessment of Management Scenarios to Reduce Loggerhead Turtle Interactions with Shrimp Trawlers in Georgia
Authors: Scott Jason A. , Dodd Mark G. , Castleberry Steven B. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Recovery of loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta populations depends on many factors, including reducing anthropogenic mortality of adult turtles. Shrimp trawls are considered a major source of mortality for adult loggerhead turtles despite the mandatory use of turtle excluder devices. We modeled scenarios for reducing the likelihood of interaction between nesting adult loggerhead turtles and shrimp trawlers operating off the coast of Georgia during the nesting season (May–August). We used satellite telemetry and aerial surveys to describe the distribution patterns of nesting adult female turtles (2004–2005; n = 22) and shrimp trawls (1999–2005), respectively, across waters adjacent to the Georgia shoreline. Adult female turtles and shrimp trawlers both occupied state waters extensively during the nesting season. Turtles tended to have long, narrow home ranges that were located parallel to shore and that overlapped with the shrimp trawl distribution, which showed a slight grouping around deep channels. We modeled the efficacy of fleet reductions and spatial closures (accounting for fleet redistribution) in reducing shrimp trawler activity around loggerhead turtles. A comparison of spatial closures indicated that a large closure of state waters (∼200 km2) east of Sapelo and Blackbeard islands would reduce mean trawler activity levels in turtle home ranges. We also found that fleet reductions of 50% or more reduced potential interactions between turtles and trawlers. Although spatial closures produced a net total reduction in turtle–trawler interactions, fleet reductions yielded a reduction in such interactions across the study area. We recommend that to reduce loggerhead turtle–trawler interactions, state agencies should consider a limited-entry system or some other means to limit the number of vessels operating within state waters.
Received October 2, 2012; accepted July 17, 2013
When trade unions succeed: Cases of blocked liberalisation in the common market
Authors: Leiren Merethe Dotterud , Parks Louisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDespite the generally accepted weakness of trade unions at the European Union level, an analysis of two high profile cases – the Services Directive and the Port Directive – shows that trade unions are able to mobilise effectively at the European level and, within constellations of actors, crucially impact EU decision making. In contrast to common claims that a lack of access to EU institutions makes such groups powerless, it is argued here that the exclusion of large opposing societal groups from consultations is neither a quick nor a sure fire recipe for dismantling opposition. On the contrary, it politicises the process and may lead to opposing groups mobilising in more contentious ways.
The Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein‐2 is a Possible Target of Novel Treatment for Endometriosis
Authors: Taniguchi Fuminori , Higaki Hiroko , Izawa Masao , Azuma Yukihiro , Hirakawa Eriko , Deura Imari , Iwabe Tomio , Hata Kohkichi , Harada Tasuku 
Published: January 2014

ProblemHow is the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α‐induced inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein expression in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) involved in cell viability and signaling pathways?Method of studyEndometriotic stromal cells were isolated from ovarian chocolate cysts in 20 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. IAP protein expression and IκB phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Interleukin (IL)‐8 protein expression and cell proliferation were assessed by ELISA.ResultsCellular IAP (cIAP)‐2 protein expression in endometriotic tissue was higher than that of endometrium. TNFα markedly enhanced cIAP‐2 protein expression in ESCs. Pretreatment with a nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibitor attenuated TNFα‐induced cIAP‐2 expression. An antagonist of IAPs abrogated TNFα‐induced cIAP‐2 protein expression and showed a decrease in TNFα‐induced IL‐8 protein expression and BrdU incorporation in ESCs.ConclusionsTNFα and its downstream NFκB pathway have proven to be critical regulators of highly expressed cIAP‐2 in ESCs. cIAP‐2 may be a novel therapeutic target for endometriosis.
Inhibition of eIF5A Results in Aberrant Uterine Natural Killer Cell Function and Embryo Loss in Mice
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Liu Xiaorui , Shan Bin , Shi Lijuan , Sharma Surendra , Wu Ji , Lin Yi 
Published: January 2014

ProblemThe role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in feto‐maternal immunotolerance is poorly understood.Methods of studyThe effects of N1‐guanyl‐1,7‐diaminoheptane (GC7), an inhibitor of eIF5A, on the proportion and function of natural killer (NK) cell subsets were investigated using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, CCK8 assay, TUNEL assay, DNA fragmentation analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, and Western blotting.ResultsInhibition of eIF5A by GC7 increased embryo loss and reduced the percentage of NK cells in the uterus and spleen. GC7 treatment caused inhibition of NK cell proliferation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. GC7 also induced apoptosis of NK cells. GC7 treatment increased the protein levels of FasL, bax, p53, and cleaved caspase‐3. Moreover, GC7 caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in NK cells.ConclusionInhibition of eIF5A results in aberrant NK cell function and increased embryo loss.
Rho kinase inhibition drives megakaryocyte polyploidization and proplatelet formation through MYC and NFE2 downregulation
Authors: Avanzi Mauro P. , Goldberg Francine , Davila Jennifer , Langhi Dante , Chiattone Carlos , Mitchell William Beau 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe processes of megakaryocyte polyploidization and demarcation membrane system (DMS) formation are crucial for platelet production, but the mechanisms controlling these processes are not fully determined. Inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) signalling leads to increased polyploidization in umbilical cord blood‐derived megakaryocytes. To extend these findings we determined the effect of ROCK inhibition on development of the DMS and on proplatelet formation. The underlying mechanisms were explored by analysing the effect of ROCK inhibition on the expression of MYC and NFE2, which encode two transcription factors critical for megakaryocyte development. ROCK inhibition promoted DMS formation, and increased proplatelet formation and platelet release. Rho kinase inhibition also downregulated MYC and NFE2 expression in mature megakaryocytes, and this down‐regulation correlated with increased proplatelet formation. Our findings suggest a model whereby ROCK inhibition drives polyploidization, DMS growth and proplatelet formation late in megakaryocyte maturation through downregulation of MYC and NFE2 expression.
Walnut allergens: molecular characterization, detection and clinical relevance
Authors: Costa J. , Carrapatoso I. , Oliveira M. B. P. P. , Mafra I. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryFood‐induced allergies have been regarded as an emergent problem of public health. Classified as important allergenic ingredients, the presence of walnut and other nuts as hidden allergens in processed foods constitutes a risk for sensitized individuals, being a real problem of allergen management. Attending to the increasing importance dedicated to walnut allergy, this review intends to provide the relevant and up‐to‐date information on main issues such as the prevalence of walnut allergy, the clinical threshold levels, the molecular characterization of walnut allergens and their clinical relevance, as well as the methodologies for walnut allergen detection in foods. As the walnut used in human diet comes from Juglans regia and Juglans nigra, the molecular characterization of the allergens from both species included in the prolamins (Jug r 1, Jug n 1 and Jug r 3), cupins (Jug r 2, Jug n 2 and Jug r 4) and profilins (Jug r 5), together with respective clinical relevance, were compiled in this review. The most recent progresses on walnut allergen detection techniques (protein‐ and DNA‐based) are described and critically compared, including the emergent multitarget approaches.
End‐stage renal disease after liver transplantation in patients with pre‐transplant chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bahirwani Ranjeeta , Forde Kimberly A. , Mu Yifei , Lin Fred , Reese Peter , Goldberg David , Abt Peter , Reddy K. Rajender , Levine Matthew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRenal dysfunction prior to liver transplantation has a marked impact on post‐transplant kidney outcomes.AimThe aim of this study was to assess post‐transplant renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) alone.MethodsRetrospective review of 40 OLT recipients with pre‐transplant CKD (serum creatinine ≥2 mg/dL for at least three months) at the University of Pennsylvania from February 2002 to July 2010. Primary outcome was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) up to three years post‐transplant. Secondary outcomes included incidence of stage 4 CKD (eGFR < 30 mL/min), need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), meeting criteria for kidney transplant listing (eGFR ≤ 20 mL/min), and mortality.ResultsMedian patient age was 56.5 yr and 48% patients had pre‐transplant diabetes. Median serum creatinine at transplant was 2.7 mg/dL (eGFR = 24 mL/min). Median eGFR at one, two, and three yr post‐transplant was 35, 34, and 37 mL/min, respectively. Twelve patients (30%) required RRT at a median of 1.21 yr post‐transplant and 16 (40%) achieved an eGFR ≤ 20 mL/min at 1.09 yr post‐transplant. Mortality was 35% at a median of 1.60 years post‐transplant.ConclusionsOLT recipients with pre‐transplant CKD have a substantial burden of post‐transplant renal dysfunction and high short‐term mortality, questioning the rationale for OLT alone in this population.
Genotyping by sequencing resolves shallow population structure to inform conservation of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Larson Wesley A. , Seeb Lisa W. , Everett Meredith V. , Waples Ryan K. , Templin William D. , Seeb James E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent advances in population genomics have made it possible to detect previously unidentified structure, obtain more accurate estimates of demographic parameters, and explore adaptive divergence, potentially revolutionizing the way genetic data are used to manage wild populations. Here, we identified 10 944 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms using restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to explore population structure, demography, and adaptive divergence in five populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from western Alaska. Patterns of population structure were similar to those of past studies, but our ability to assign individuals back to their region of origin was greatly improved (>90% accuracy for all populations). We also calculated effective size with and without removing physically linked loci identified from a linkage map, a novel method for nonmodel organisms. Estimates of effective size were generally above 1000 and were biased downward when physically linked loci were not removed. Outlier tests based on genetic differentiation identified 733 loci and three genomic regions under putative selection. These markers and genomic regions are excellent candidates for future research and can be used to create high‐resolution panels for genetic monitoring and population assignment. This work demonstrates the utility of genomic data to inform conservation in highly exploited species with shallow population structure.
Differentiation and histogenesis of syringomatous tumour of the nipple and low‐grade adenosquamous carcinoma: evidence for a common origin
Authors: Boecker Werner , Stenman Göran , Loening Thomas , Andersson Mattias K , Sinn Hans‐Peter , Barth Peter , Oberhellmann Felix , Bos Inge , Berg Tobias , Marusic Zlatko , Samoilova Vera , Buchwalow Igor 
Published: January 2014

AimsSyringomatous tumour of the nipple and low‐grade adenosquamous carcinoma (LGAdSC) of the breast are regarded as distinct entities. To clarify the nature of these two lesions, we compared the expression of different lineage/differentiation markers in 12 syringomatous tumours of the nipple, nine LGAdSCs, and normal breast epithelium.Methods and resultsUsing triple immunofluorescence labelling and quantitative RT‐PCR for keratins, p63, and smooth muscle actin, we demonstrated that syringomatous tumour and LGAdSC contain p63+/K5/14+ tumour cells, K10+ squamous cells, and K8/18+ glandular cells, with intermediary cells being found in both lineages. Identical p63+/K5/14+ cells were also found in the normal breast duct epithelium.ConclusionsOur data provide evidence that syringomatous tumour of the nipple and LGAdSC are identical or nearly identical lesions. They contain p63+/K5/14+ cells as the key cells from which the K10+ squamous lineage and the K8/18+ glandular lineage arise. On the basis of our findings in normal breast tissue and associated benign lesions, we suggest that p63+/K5/14+ cells of the normal breast duct epithelium or early related cells might play a key role in the neoplastic transformation of both syringomatous tumour and LGAdSC. We propose that the differentiation patterns found in both lesions reflect the early ontogenetic stages of the normal breast epithelium.