bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Trends in Incidence and Case Fatality of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Vangen-Lønne Anne Merete , Wilsgaard Tom , Johnsen Stein Harald , Carlsson Maria , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Ischemic stroke incidence has declined in industrialized countries the last decades, with possible exception for the youngest age groups. We estimated age- and sex-specific trends in incidence and case fatality of first-ever ischemic stroke between 1977 and 2010 in a Norwegian municipality.

Methods—
Age-adjusted time trends in incidence from 1977 to 2010 were estimated by fractional polynomial and Poisson regression, and case fatality by logistic regression in 36 575 participants of the population-based Tromsø Study.

Results—
There were 1214 first-ever ischemic strokes within a total follow-up time of 611 176 person-years. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence decreased by 24% in 1995 to 2010. In women aged 30 to 49 years, the incidence increased significantly from 1980 to 2010. In men aged 30 to 49 years, there was a nonsignificant, rising trend from 1977 to 2010. Men aged 50 to 64 years had similar incidence in 2010 compared with 1989. From the mid-1990s to 2010, the incidence declined significantly in women aged 50 to 74 years and in men aged 65 to 74 years, but remained stable in those aged ≥75 years. Case fatality decreased significantly in men aged 30 to 84 years from 1995 to 2010, whereas there was no significant change in women.

Conclusions—
Age-adjusted incidence of first-ever ischemic stroke increased in young women, declined in women aged 50 to 74 years and men aged 65 to 74 years and remained stable among the oldest. Case fatality declined in men aged 30 to 84 years, but not in women.
Hospital Costs Associated With Atrial Fibrillation for Patients With Ischemic Stroke Aged 18–64 Years in the United States
Authors: Wang Guijing , Joo Heesoo , Tong Xin , George Mary G. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Hospital costs associated with atrial fibrillation (AFib) among patients with stroke have not been well-studied, especially among people aged <65 years. We estimated the AFib-associated hospital costs in US patients aged 18 to 64 years.

Methods—
We identified hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke from the 2010 to 2012 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters inpatient data sets, excluding those with capitated health insurance plans, aged <18 or >64 years, missing geographic region, hospital costs below the 1st or above 99th percentile, and having carotid intervention (n=40 082). We searched the data for AFib and analyzed the costs for nonrepeat and repeat stroke admissions separately. We estimated the AFib-associated costs using multivariate regression models controlling for age, sex, geographic region, and Charlson comorbidity index.

Results—
Of the 33 500 nonrepeat stroke admissions, 2407 (7.2%) had AFib. Admissions with AFib cost $4991 more than those without AFib ($23 770 versus $18 779). For the 6582 repeat stroke admissions, 397 (6.0%) had AFib. The costs were $3260 more for those with AFib than those without ($24 119 versus $20 929). After controlling for potential confounders, AFib-associated costs for nonrepeat stroke admissions were $4905, representing 20.6% of the total costs for the admissions. Both the hospital costs and the AFib-associated costs were associated with age, but not with sex. AFib-associated costs for repeat stroke admissions were not significantly higher than for non-AFib patients, except for those aged 55 to 64 years ($3537).

Conclusions—
AFib increased the hospital cost of ischemic stroke substantially. Further investigation on AFib-associated costs for repeat stroke admissions is needed.
Type of Anesthesia and Differences in Clinical Outcome After Intra-Arterial Treatment for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: van den Berg Lucie A. , Koelman Diederik L.H. , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Rozeman Anouk D. , Fransen Puck S.S. , Beumer Debbie , Dippel Diederik W. , van der Lugt Aad , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van Zwam Wim H. , Brouwer Patrick A. , Jenniskens Sjoerd , Boiten Jelis , Lycklama à Nijeholt Geert A. , Vos Jan Albert , Schonewille Wouter J. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. ,   Participating centers, de Bruijn Sebastiaan , van Dijk Lukas , Kappelle Jaap , Lo Rob , de Kort Paul , van Rooij Willem Jan , Hofmeijer Jeannette , van Oostayen Jacques , van Dijk Ewoud , de Vries Joost , Schreuder Tobien , Heijboer Roel , Vroomen Patrick , Eshghi Omid , Aerden Leo , Dallinga René , van den Berg Jan , van Hasselt Boudewijn , den Hertog Heleen , Tielbeek Alexander , Wermer Marieke , van Walderveen Marianne 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Intra-arterial treatment (IAT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can be performed with or without general anesthesia (GA). Previous studies suggested that IAT without the use of GA (non-GA) is associated with better clinical outcome. Nevertheless, no consensus exists about the anesthetic management during IAT of AIS patients. This study investigates the association between type of anesthesia and clinical outcome in a large cohort of patients with AIS treated with IAT.

Methods—
All consecutive patients with AIS of the anterior circulation who received IAT between 2002 and 2013 in 16 Dutch hospitals were included in the study. Primary outcome was functional outcome on the modified Rankin Scale at discharge. Difference in primary outcome between GA and non-GA was estimated using multiple ordinal regression analysis, adjusting for age, stroke severity, occlusion of the internal carotid artery terminus, previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes mellitus.

Results—
Three hundred forty-eight patients were included in the analysis; 70 patients received GA and 278 patients did not receive GA. Non-GA was significantly associated with good clinical outcome (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.02–4.31). After adjusting for prespecified prognostic factors, the point estimate remained similar; statistical significance, however, was lost (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 0.89–4.24).

Conclusions—
Our study suggests that patients with AIS of the anterior circulation undergoing IAT without GA have a higher probability of good clinical outcome compared with patients treated with general anesthesia.
New substitute name for the genus Napo Shaw, 2012 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)
Authors: ZHANG DAO-WEI , CHEN JING 
Published: April 2015

The braconid genus Napo was established by Shaw (2012) for a single species Napo townsendi Shaw, 2012 from Napo Province, Ecuador. However, the genus name Napo is preoccupied and was initially introduced by Linnavuori & DeLong (1976) for a deltocephalinae leafhopper genus with Napo brazosellus Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976 as the type species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Thus, the genus Napo Shaw, 2012 is a junior homonym of the genus Napo Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976. According to Article 60 of the ICZN (2015), we propose the new replacement name Yanayacu nom. nov. for Napo Shaw, 2012. The resulting nomenclatural changes are summarized below.
The METCRAX II Field Experiment: A Study of Downslope Windstorm-Type Flows in Arizona’s Meteor Crater
Authors: Lehner Manuela , Whiteman C. David , Hoch Sebastian W. , Crosman Erik T. , Jeglum Matthew E. , Cherukuru Nihanth W. , Calhoun Ronald , Adler Bianca , Kalthoff Norbert , Rotunno Richard , Horst Thomas W. , Semmer Steven , Brown William O. J. , Oncley Steven P. , Vogt Roland , Grudzielanek A. Martina , Cermak Jan , Fonteyne Nils J. , Bernhofer Christian , Pitacco Andrea , Klein Petra 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The second Meteor Crater Experiment (METCRAX II) was conducted in October 2013 at Arizona’s Meteor Crater. The experiment was designed to investigate nighttime downslope windstorm−type flows that form regularly above the inner southwest sidewall of the 1.2-km diameter crater as a southwesterly mesoscale katabatic flow cascades over the crater rim. The objective of METCRAX II is to determine the causes of these strong, intermittent, and turbulent inflows that bring warm-air intrusions into the southwest part of the crater. This article provides an overview of the scientific goals of the experiment; summarizes the measurements, the crater topography, and the synoptic meteorology of the study period; and presents initial analysis results.
The Impact of Parameterized Convection on the Simulation of Crop Processes
Authors: Garcia-Carreras L. , Challinor A. J. , Parkes B. J. , Birch C. E. , Nicklin K. J. , Parker D. J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlobal climate and weather models are a key tool for the prediction of future crop productivity, but they all rely on parameterizations of atmospheric convection, which often produce significant biases in rainfall characteristics over the tropics. The authors evaluate the impact of these biases by driving the General Large Area Model for annual crops (GLAM) with regional-scale atmospheric simulations of one cropping season over West Africa at different resolutions, with and without a parameterization of convection, and compare these with a GLAM run driven by observations. The parameterization of convection produces too light and frequent rainfall throughout the domain, as compared with the short, localized, high-intensity events in the observations and in the convection-permitting runs. Persistent light rain increases surface evaporation, and much heavier rainfall is required to trigger planting. Planting is therefore delayed in the runs with parameterized convection and occurs at a seasonally cooler time, altering the environmental conditions experienced by the crops. Even at high resolutions, runs driven by parameterized convection underpredict the small-scale variability in yields produced by realistic rainfall patterns. Correcting the distribution of rainfall frequencies and intensities before use in crop models will improve the process-based representation of the crop life cycle, increasing confidence in the predictions of crop yield. The rainfall biases described here are a common feature of parameterizations of convection, and therefore the crop-model errors described are likely to occur when using any global weather or climate model, thus remaining hidden when using climate-model intercomparisons to evaluate uncertainty.
The Reconstruction of Community College Vocational Education
Authors: Harbour Clifford P. , Wolgemuth Jennifer R. 
Published: April 2015

Objective: The purpose of this article is to explain how central points developed in Dewey’s 1916 Democracy and Education provide the rationale needed to adopt institutional and policy recommendations made by Grubb and Lazerson in their 2004 book, The Education Gospel: The Economic Power of Schooling. Method: The central points of Grubb and Lazerson’s work, and the policy agenda offered to guide reforms, are reviewed. Results: The authors describe how a Deweyan view of education and democracy may provide the motivation and guidance needed to move forward on the Grubb and Lazerson agenda to benefit community college vocational education. Contributions: The argument advanced in this article reveals that a meaningful reconstruction of community college vocational education will require implementation of institutional reforms and public policy reforms. This reconstruction will also require, however, a normative vision to motivate policy makers, educators, and citizens.
Noise annoyance and loudness: Acoustic performance of residential buildings in tropics
Authors: Wang Chen , Si Yuenxun , Abdul-Rahman Hamzah , Wood Lincoln C 
Published: April 2015

Acoustic properties of residential building are often neglected by designers, developers, contractors, and even home buyers. Noises from both the internal and external environments affect occupants' daily lives. This motivates the current study which aims to identify all types of audible noises in Malaysian residential buildings and to determine the physical and psychological impacts of noise loudness and annoyance on occupants in various types of residential buildings. A questionnaire was conducted covering 19 types of noises in residential buildings with participants assessing the loudness and annoyance level. There were 171 valid forms collected from around Malaysia for analysis from 1000 posted forms, responding rate of 17.1%. Traffic noises were deemed as the most undesired type of noise, followed by the noises from neighbors and animals. More interestingly, the annoyance experienced in relation to noise from traffic and neighbors was inter-correlated. While many animal noises such as birds chirping, rooster calls, and insect noise cause little irritation to occupants, dogs barking are significantly more annoying to the occupants. Job stress and occupants' sensitivity to noise are highly correlated with many types of noises. Generally, the influences of human-related factors are more significantly related to the housing-related factors on the perceived noise loudness and annoyance. Practical application: The result of this study could directly assist building developers and architects to enhance the acoustic (sound) properties of residential buildings. This study will guide potential property buyers how to look into the acoustic performance of the building that they are going to purchase and to stay in. All types of audible noises annoying residents in full range of residential buildings are identified and categorized in this study. The loudness and annoyance of each type of noise to resident occupants were addressed. The physical and psychological impacts of noise loudness and annoyance to the occupants in different type of residential buildings are determined, which will improve the fullness of industry standards as well regarding acoustic concern as a trend.
Psychometric properties of the Musculoskeletal Function Assessment and the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment: a systematic review
Authors: Bouffard Jason , Bertrand-Charette Michaël , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: April 2015

Objectives: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (MFA) and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA). Data sources: A systematic search of the following databases was undertaken concerning psychometric evidence of the MFA and SMFA: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cinahl. References of retrieved articles were inspected for additional data. Review method: Articles evaluating the validity, reliability or responsiveness of the MFA or SMFA in patients with musculoskeletal disorders were included in this systematic review. The methodological quality of included articles was critically appraised and the psychometric data were extracted using standardized forms. An established set of criteria were used to synthetize the evidence in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of included questionnaires and the gaps in the literature. Results: Nine articles on MFA and 24 articles on SMFA met the inclusion criteria. The SMFA fulfilled 75% of the psychometric criteria analyzed, while the MFA fulfilled only 50%. MFA and SMFA have excellent content validity and relative reliability (weighted average intraclass correlation coefficient ⩾ 0.87), and are moderately to highly responsive (standardized response mean between 0.65 and 1.13). Absolute reliability and clinically important difference of both questionnaires need to be defined, while the construct validity of MFA still needs to be established. Conclusion: MFA and SMFA are reliable and responsive tools for monitoring the function of patients with various musculoskeletal disorders. Still, research is needed to justify their usage in a clinical setting.
Computed tomography in trauma patients using iterative reconstruction: reducing radiation exposure without loss of image quality
Authors: Kahn Johannes , Grupp Ulrich , Kaul David , Böning Georg , Lindner Tobias , Streitparth Florian 
Published: April 2015

Background Rising numbers of computed tomography (CT) examinations worldwide have led to a focus on dose reduction in the latest developments in CT technology. Iterative reconstruction (IR) models bear the potential to effectively reduce dose while maintaining adequate image quality. Purpose To assess the impact of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) technique on dose reduction and image quality in a dedicated whole body CT (WBCT) protocol for trauma patients. Material and Methods A total of 122 subjects with multiple trauma was prospectively included in our study. Subjects who had to undergo a WBCT following a severe trauma were randomly assigned to two different groups: Group A was examined with an ASIR protocol for the body series ( n = 64), group B ( n = 58) was examined using a standard filtered back projection (FBP) protocol. Image quality was assessed both quantitatively by calculating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) and qualitatively by two observers who evaluated image quality using a 5-point scale system. Applied dose was analyzed as CTDIvol (mGy), total DLP (mGyxcm), and effective dose (mSv). Results Applied dose for the body series in group A was about 23% lower than in group B ( P < 0.05). SNR and CNRs for different tissues were not significantly different. Subjective image quality ratings were excellent and showed no significant difference, with a high inter-reader agreement. Conclusion ASIR contributes to a relevant dose reduction without any loss of image quality in a dedicated WBCT protocol for patients with multiple trauma.
Departures
Authors: Kaltenbacher Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt was in February 1935 that Lévi-Strauss went to Brazil to teach sociology at the newly founded University of São Paolo. In the stimulating atmosphere of the city soon he struck up a friendship with the founders of Brazilian modernism, in particular with Mário de Andrade, the central figure of the avant-garde movement, who helped the young researcher to finance his expeditions into the Mato Grosso and the Amazon Rainforest. Twenty years later Lévi-Strauss wrote about this period in Brazil, after having encountered other cultures and having made other experiences. The highly reflexive narrative of Tristes Tropiques contains most of the topics which return in his later works and about which the authors of this volume have pondered from different perspectives. This introductory text reconstructs the principal stages of Lévi-Strauss’ enterprises in Brazil and illustrates how his departure for the New World became the start of a great career.
Lévi-Strauss: Modern, Ultramodern, Antimodern
Authors: Fabietti Ugo EM 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article develops the idea that Lévi-Strauss’ thought was shaped all at once in the encounter with structural linguistics. Nevertheless, Lévi-Strauss's readers know that his writings show blunt passages from a level of discourse that refers to the project of scientific modernity (accretion of knowledge and pursuit of generality) to one announcing the dissolution of culture into physicochemical phenomena (here defined as ultramodern level), and from these two to a language usually defined as “literary”. The latter corresponds to a language which articulates the themes of loss, memory, yearning for the primitive, the concerns about the demographic and environmental transformations of the planet, and an “exaggerated” contact of cultures: themes which all persist in Lévi-Strauss’ thought since its shaping as a “structuralist” one, which have been highly controversial and that could be defined as “antimodern”. Accordingly, this article tries to produce a reading of Lévi-Strauss’ work as articulated on three levels, which persist in Lévi-Strauss's thought since its early structuralist formation: three “musical staffs” on which his modernity, ultra-modernity and anti-modernity seem all to flow at the same time.
The Nearby Frontier: Structural Analyses of Myths of Orientalism
Authors: Gingrich Andre 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper examines, by means of some concepts and methodological tools offered in the great œuvre of Lévi-Strauss, the mytho-logical ideologemes of certain forms of orientalism, using the example of Austria. A so-called “frontier orientalism” is contrasted against classic colonial orientalism, in order to identify its particularities. The figure of the “nearby stranger” jeopardizes the boundaries of the own, ever uncertain national identity and serves right-wing populists and neo-nationalists as an indispensable ingredient of their own aspirations.
Lévi-Strauss and Marxism
Authors: Karsenti Bruno 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on the political meaning of structuralism from the point of the view of the unusual link between Marxism and Buddhism established by Claude Lévi-Strauss in the final pages of Sad Tropics. Marxism appears here as a Western attempt to start a process of social transformation that is traditionally embedded in the core of Eastern cultures. Comparing these different worlds allows Lévi-Strauss to identify an internal yet unrecognized differentiation of Western culture, and provides a remarkable example of how the structural method applies to deep cultural analysis.
The ‘Unconceivable Humankind’ to Come: A Portrait of Lévi-Strauss as a Demographer
Authors: Stoczkowski Wiktor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFor a half a century, Claude Lévi-Strauss multiplied statements about the demographic situation of humanity and its anthropological consequences. Those statements, often seen as shocking, were interpreted as a kind of aberration which defied rational understanding. Current opinion held was that the analysis of such idiosyncratic ideas overstepped the competence of anthropologists and historians. In fact, as shown in my text based on newly discovered archival materials, quite the opposite is true. Firstly, Lévi-Strauss became interested in demography very early in his career. Secondly, his conception of demographic trends and their effects was based on scholarly knowledge. Thirdly, far from being an idiosyncratic extravagance, his demography corresponded to widely shared concerns, central to the cultural policies of UNESCO, in which Lévi-Strauss was involved as Secretary general of the International Social Science Council (from 1952 to 1961). These facts are necessary if one is to grasp the cosmological outlook underlying the works of Claude Lévi-Strauss. The principles of Lévi-Straussian cosmology, in which demography plays an important role, are not reducible to the axioms of his structural theory. Without taking this cosmological infrastructure into account we are unable to correctly understand the moral message that Lévi-Strauss endeavoured to deliver, which concerned the extreme dangers humanity could face in the near future.