bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents and Communities
Authors: Bartlett Kathy , Stephenson Paul , Cadaing Louie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter begins an exploration and discussion of the complexities behind faith-based provision of early childhood development (ECD) services (e.g., absence of clear, systematic data). A review of the fairly limited available literature and inclusion of two distinct case studies of faith-based ECD efforts illuminate the potential of such provision, as well as some of the sensitivities that can arise. Although faith-based provision can help to reach marginalized populations that might otherwise be left out, more research and understanding is needed.
Closing Commentary
Authors: Grover Deepa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis commentary draws on the critical evidence presented in the volume to provide recommendations for governments, nongovernmental organizations, and international development agencies to implement quality early childhood development (ECD) programs and policies. The commentary provides an overview of the multiple global, regional, and national actors who have been involved in ECD, and their roles thus far in promoting programs and policies. The commentary makes a strong claim for the need for evidence to guide the actions of these key partners and suggests that this volume could serve as one such guide. In particular, the commentary stresses the importance of this evidence in ensuring that ECD is featured on the post-2015 international development agenda.
Toward a Comparative-Historical Sociology of Religious Politics: The Case for Cross-Religious and Cross-Regional Comparisons
Authors: Altınordu Ateş 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter argues that comparative-historical approaches to sociology promise to make distinctive contributions to the project of de-centering and re-centering the sociology of religion presented in the introduction to this volume. Through a detailed review of some recent studies, this chapter argues that an innovative strand of cross-religious and cross-regional comparative work is especially conducive to the furthering of this agenda. The chapter is organized as follows. It begins with a discussion of the past and potential future contributions of comparative-historical research. The second section briefly takes stock of some of the recent literature at the intersection of comparative-historical sociology and the sociology of religion and discusses how “the religious factor” is pinned down in these works. The third and final section highlight cross-religious and cross-regional historical comparisons as a promising avenue of research for the new sociology of religion, and discusses in detail three cross-religious comparative studies on religious parties to demonstrate the advantages of this research agenda.
Negotiating Pluralism in Québec: Identity, Religion, and Secularism in the Debate over “Reasonable Accommodation”
Authors: Zubrzycki Geneviève 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOnce nicknamed “the priest-ridden province,” Québec is now a strikingly secular place. During the so-called Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, the Québécois dramatically rid themselves of Catholicism, amputating what a new generation of social activists and political figures came to see as a gangrenous limb preventing the healthy development of the nation. Yet religion, it turns out, is present not only in the lives of “others” but also as a skeleton in Québec's closet that is often experienced as phantom limb pain. This became apparent in the debates over the religious practices of cultural minorities, which were at the center of public life from 2006 to 2008. Analysis of the debates reveals that what was at stake was as much about Québec's religious past as it was about its present religious landscape and the challenges it poses for a self-avowed secular society. The Québécois case is also helpful to think about the meaning and stakes of religious pluralism and secularism in contexts very different from that of the United States or France, which offer the prevailing models. Through an analysis of the debates over reasonable accommodation, this chapter shows that Québec is currently trying to find its own way between the French, American, and Canadian models of laïcité, pluralism, and multiculturalism.
Revisiting Religious Power: The Korean Evangelical Church as a Disciplinary Institution
Authors: Chong Kelly H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDrawing upon an ethnographic study of South Korean evangelicalism and women's religious practices conducted between 1996 and 2006, this chapter revisits the important question of religious power. By showing the complex ways in which Korean evangelical women practice and appropriate their faiths, it highlights the dimensions and operations of religious power that often remain underexplored in discussions of lived religion—its disciplinary dimensions. In so doing, it addresses in particular two of the “edges” with which this volume is concerned: pursuing critical engagement with religion and exploring religious experiences outside of the US context. The observations and analyses presented in the chapter are based largely on ethnographic data and interviews gathered from a study of two large, middle-class evangelical churches in Seoul—one Presbyterian and the other Methodist—which incorporate observations and studies of more than twenty evangelical churches in Seoul.
Crossing Borders: Transnational Sanctuary, Social Justice, and the Church
Authors: Hagan Jacqueline Maria 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThroughout the Christian era, the church has been recognized as an institution providing sanctuary to those in need. In the contemporary era, sanctuary for migrants in the US has formally manifested itself twice: first in 1981 with the founding of the Central American Sanctuary Movement, and most recently in 2007 with the establishment of the New Sanctuary Movement. Both of these movements were motivated by faith and founded on political and religious principles to challenge US policies, educate Americans, and serve the needs of non-state-sanctioned refugees and undocumented migrants from Latin America who were either fleeing civil strife in their home countries and seeking refuge in the US or fighting deportation orders from the US government. This chapter introduces a third important, but less known, sanctuary movement, the transnational religious network that has emerged since the mid-1990s to challenge and question the morality of state border policies, and protect and serve migrants on the increasingly dangerous journey north from Central America and Mexico to the United States.
Postliberalism II
Authors: Knight John Allan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the second stage of postliberal theology, which is dominated by Lindbeck’s The Nature of Doctrine and Frei’s essays from the 1980s. Lindbeck contrasts his theories of religion and doctrine with “cognitive-propositionalist” theories and “experiential-expressivist” theories. Lindbeck argues instead for a “cultural-linguistic” approach, using language and grammar as descriptive analogies. Religions are like languages, he says, and doctrines are like grammar. Lindbeck’s proposals depend on the later Wittgenstein, deriving the meaning of first-order religious claims from their use in the community’s form of life. The chapter then discusses Frei’s most important essays from the 1980s, as well as the comparative typology of theological method Frei was working on when he died in 1988. In the essays, he contrasts his own method with the hermeneutic method of Paul Ricoeur and David Tracy, arguing that his own is more adequate. His comparative analysis yields five types of theological method and argues that type four (typified by Barth) is best. The chapter argues that crucial to Frei’s critique of liberal theology, his analysis of theological claims, and his own method is the later Wittgenstein’s views on linguistic meaning.
Conclusion
Authors: Knight John Allan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe concluding chapter connects the concerns of liberals and postliberals with their respective positions on religious and theological language. Liberal theology is driven to a descriptivist or truth-conditional understanding of meaning by its concern to defend the truth of religious or theological assertions via criteria that are truly public. Conversely, postliberal embrace of the later Wittgenstein is driven by the concern to vindicate the particularity of God’s self-revelation in Jesus, thus avoiding vulnerability to Feuerbach’s critique. Such concerns are frustrated by the Hobson’s choice between descriptivism and Wittgenstein. The chapter thus points to developments in philosophy of language that can move theology past the liberal/postliberal impasse. These include the development of theories of meaning-as-use, by philosophers like William Alston that incorporate a Kripkean view of direct or causal reference. The chapter describes how such developments could be put to use in correcting liberal and postliberal shortcomings in theological method. The chapter closes by suggesting areas in which further work could be done on meaning, reference, interpretation and truth—the four elements of theological method mentioned in the introduction. In all these areas, recent analytic philosophy could prove to be a fruitful conversation partner.
State Truths, Private Letters, and Images of Public Opinion in the
Ancien Régime
: Sévigné on Trials
Authors: Welch Ellen R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

This essay considers the complicated prehistory of the concept of public opinion in early modern France through an analysis of Madame de Sévigné's letters on two judicial proceedings of her lifetime: Nicolas Fouquet's trial for corruption and the Marquise de Brinvilliers's prosecution during the
Affaire des poisons
. Although most cultural historians agree that public opinion emerges as a political force only after the fall of absolute monarchy, Sévigné's correspondence used the figure of a judging public to criticize the law courts' rulings, questioning their authority by exploiting the ostensibly private discursive space of correspondence to articulate the judgement of an imagined ‘public’ in opposition to the official truth. By rhetorically valorizing rumour, gossip, and the consensus of
tout le monde
, Sévigné exposed the flaws of judicial procedures whereby verdicts were achieved through the control and manipulation of information. The legitimate final arbiter on these proceedings, Sévigné asserted, was located not in the law court but in the court of public opinion. In this way, her letters provide new insights into the politics of information control during the
Ancien Régime
.
Same size – same niche? Foraging niche separation between sympatric juvenile Galapagos sea lions and adult Galapagos fur seals
Authors: Jeglinski Jana W. E. , Goetz Kimberley T. , Werner Christiane , Costa Daniel P. , Trillmich Fritz 
Published: January 2013

Summary

In vertebrates, patterns of resource utilization change throughout development according to age‐ and or size‐specific abilities and requirements. Thus, interspecific competition affects different age classes differently.

Adults of sympatric species often show distinct foraging niche segregation, but juvenile resource use might overlap with adult competitors of similar body size. Resultant negative effects on juveniles can have important consequences for population dynamics, yet such interactions have received little attention in studies of mammalian communities.

Using GPS tracking devices, time‐depth recorders and stable isotope data, we compared diving depth, activity time, trophic position and foraging habitat characteristics to investigate foraging niche overlap between similar‐sized sympatric juvenile Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) and adult Galapagos fur seals (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) and compared each group with much larger‐bodied adult Galapagos sea lions.

We found little indication for direct competition but a complex pattern of foraging niche segregation: juvenile sea lions and adult fur seals dived to shallow depths at night, but foraged in different habitats with limited spatial overlap. Conversely, juvenile and adult sea lions employed different foraging patterns, but their foraging areas overlapped almost completely.

Consistency of foraging habitat characteristics between juvenile and adult sea lions suggests that avoidance of competition may be important in shaping foraging habitat utilization. Resultant specialization on a limited habitat could contribute to low sea lion numbers that contrast with high fur seal abundance. Our data suggest that exploitation by multiple predators within spatially restricted foraging ranges of juveniles might negatively impact juvenile foraging success and ultimately influence population dynamics.
ITS1 versus ITS2 as DNA metabarcodes for fungi
Authors: Blaalid R. , Kumar S. , Nilsson R. H. , Abarenkov K. , Kirk P. M. , Kauserud H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer ITS region is widely used as a DNA metabarcoding marker to characterize the diversity and composition of fungal communities. In amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity, one of the spacers ITS1 or ITS2 of the ITS region is normally used. In this methodological study we evaluate the usability of ITS1 vs. ITS2 as a DNA metabarcoding marker for fungi. We analyse three data sets: two comprising ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of known taxonomic affiliations and a third comprising ITS1 and ITS2 environmental amplicon pyrosequencing data. Clustering analyses of sequences with known taxonomy using the bioinformatics pipeline ClustEx revealed that a 97% similarity cut‐off represent a reasonable threshold for estimating the number of known species in the data sets for both ITS1 and ITS2. However, no single threshold value worked well for all fungi at the same time within the curated UNITE database, and we found that the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) concept is not easily translated into the level of species because many species are distributed over several clusters. Clustering analyses of the 134 692 ITS1 and ITS2 pyrosequences using a 97% similarity cut‐off revealed a high similarity between the two data sets when it comes to taxonomic coverage. Although some groups are under‐ or unrepresented in the two data sets due to, e.g. primer mismatches, our results indicate that ITS1 and ITS2 to a large extent yield similar results when used as DNA metabarcodes for fungi.
The inhibitory receptor CD300a is up‐regulated by hypoxia and GM‐CSF in human peripheral blood eosinophils
Authors: Nissim Ben Efraim A. H. , Karra L. , Ben‐Zimra M. , Levi‐Schaffer F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundEosinophils are involved in several inflammatory processes including allergic inflammation. It has been shown that eosinophil functions may be regulated by activating or inhibitory receptors. Hypoxia is a feature of inflamed tissues and has recently been shown to regulate eosinophil viability and pro‐angiogenic potential. In this study, the effect of hypoxia and GM‐CSF on the inhibitory receptor CD300a in human peripheral blood eosinophils was investigated.MethodsCD300a expression on eosinophils was analyzed by flow cytometry and evaluated by immuno‐fluorescence; mRNA levels were evaluated by RT‐PCR.ResultsAn increase in the expression of CD300a was observed in hypoxic eosinophils compared to the normoxic ones. GM‐CSF strongly induced CD300a increase also after 3 h in culture. In addition, hypoxia augmented mRNA levels of CD300a. Inhibition of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 abolished the hypoxia‐/GM‐CSF‐induced CD300a increase.ConclusionCD300a expression is up‐regulated by hypoxia, and GM‐CSF where HIF‐1 might play an important role. These results are important for the understanding of eosinophils behavior in inflamed tissue and suggest a new effect on their function in allergic inflammation. Taken together our data point out CD300a as a novel target for the treatment of allergy.
Comparison between two types of local resection in the treatment of ampullary cancer
Authors: Zhao Xiang‐Qian , Huang Xiao‐Qiang , Zhang Wen‐Zhi , Liu Zhe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to compare the effects of two different local resection procedures on the prognosis of ampullary cancer.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study using clinical and pathological data from patients with ampullary cancer who underwent local resection between February 1996 and February 2009 in the PLA General Hospital. In these participants, we carried out a comparative analysis between the transduodenal (the transduodenal group) and the extraduodenal (extraduodenal group) surgical approaches.ResultsNo significant differences in gender, age, preoperative bilirubin levels, CA19‐9 values, biopsy results, tumour size, differentiation status, degree of invasion, surgical margins, recurrence, metastasis and complication rates, and intraoperative blood loss were found. As compared to the transduodenal group, the extraduodenal group showed a longer duration of surgery and higher survival rates.ConclusionsEven though the operation time for the extraduodenal resection of ampullary cancer was longer, the survival rate was higher than in patients who underwent transduodenal resection. For certain patients, the extraduodenal approach may be more appropriate when technical conditions allow it.
Wnt5a attenuates Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in human dermal papilla cells
Authors: Kwack Mi Hee , Kim Moon Kyu , Kim Jung Chul , Sung Young Kwan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFindings of recent studies have demonstrated modulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling by Wnt5a, which is highly expressed in hair follicular dermal papilla (DP) in vivo. Here, we investigated the question of whether Wnt5a can affect canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in DP cells. Treatment with Wnt5a resulted in attenuation of Wnt3a‐mediated elevation of β‐catenin signalling, which was increased by Wnt5a siRNA transfection in cultured DP cells, as examined by reporter assay. In addition, treatment with Wnt5a resulted in repressed Wnt3a‐mediated expression of Axin2, EP2 and LEF1 in cultured DP cells, whereas Wnt5a siRNA transfection resulted in increased Wnt3a‐mediated expression of the genes in isolated DPs of cultured hair follicles. Moreover, treatment with Wnt5a resulted in attenuation of Wnt3a‐mediated accumulation of β‐catenin in the nucleus in DP cells. Our data strongly suggest that Wnt5a acts as an autocrine factor and attenuates canonical Wnt signalling pathway in human DP cells.
Batter Characteristics and Quality of Cakes Made with Wheat‐Oats Flour Blends
Authors: De La Hera Esther , Oliete Bonastre , Gómez Manuel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOats have a high content of β‐glucan soluble fiber. Consumption of it helps to reduce cholesterol, glycemic response and some intestinal diseases. Oats flour was used to substitute 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the wheat flour to elaborate cakes with different sugar content (60–90–120% flour basis). Specific volume and viscosity were studied in batters and specific volume, weight loss, symmetry index and texture in cakes. The higher the substitution percentage, the higher the specific volume and viscosity of the batter in those formulas containing less sugar. Sugar content did not affect batter specific volume but batter viscosity decreased with increasing sugar percentages. Cake specific volume decreased as the percentage of whole oats flour increased, and cake hardness, cohesiveness and springiness decreased as oats flour increased. The cakes obtained adequate acceptability by consumers.Practical ApplicationsThis paper demonstrates the influence of the addition of oat flour in cake making, as well as its interaction with the sugar content in formula. Less sugar content (60 and 90% f/b) is needed to increase specific volume of batters with wheat and oat flours. Viscosity decreased as the percentage of oats flour increased in high‐sugar ratio (120/100) formula, whereas in low‐ratio formula the opposite effect was observed. Based on the conclusions, they could be optimized both, the characteristics of the batter to its correct processing as well as the sensory quality of oat flour cakes, allowing the industry to obtain healthiest cakes with greater acceptance by consumers.
Asia–Pacific consensus recommendations for endoscopic and interventional management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Rerknimitr Rungsun , Angsuwatcharakon Phonthep , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee , Khor Christopher J L , Ponnudurai Ryan , Moon Jong Ho , Seo Dong Wan , Pantongrag‐Brown Linda , Sangchan Apichat , Pisespongsa Pises , Akaraviputh Thawatchai , Reddy Nageshwar D , Maydeo Amit , Itoi Takao , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Punamiya Sundeep , Attasaranya Siriboon , Devereaux Benedict , Ramchandani Mohan , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is one of the most common types of hepatobiliary cancers reported in the world including Asia–Pacific region. Early HCCA may be completely asymptomatic. When significant hilar obstruction develops, the patient presents with jaundice, pale stools, dark urine, pruritus, abdominal pain, and sometimes fever. Because no single test can establish the definite diagnosis then, a combination of many investigations such as tumor markers, tissue acquisition, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasonography/intraductal ultrasonography, and advanced cholangioscopy is required. Surgery is the only curative treatment. Unfortunately, the majority of HCCA has a poor prognosis due to their advanced stage on presentation. Although there is no survival advantage, inoperable HCCA managed by palliative drainage may benefit from symptomatic improvement. Currently, there are three techniques of biliary drainage which include endoscopic, percutaneous, and surgical approaches. For nonsurgical approaches, stent is the most preferred device and there are two types of stents i.e. plastic and metal. Type of stent and number of stent for HCCA biliary drainage are subjected to debate because the decision is made under many grounds i.e. volume of liver drainage, life expectancy, expertise of the facility, etc. Recently, radio‐frequency ablation and photodynamic therapy are promising techniques that may extend drainage patency. Through a review in the literature and regional data, the Asia–Pacific Working Group for hepatobiliary cancers has developed statements to assist clinicians in diagnosing and managing of HCCA. After voting anonymously using modified Delphi method, all final statements were determined for the level of evidence quality and strength of recommendation.