bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional composition, protein digestibility and consumer acceptability of sorghum‐based mahewu enriched with Moringa oleifera leaf powder
Authors: Mafukata Zwivhuya Petunia , Bamidele Oluwaseun Peter , Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia , Mashau Mpho Edward 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn this study, the effect of different levels (1%–5%) of whole and defatted Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on the nutritional composition, physicochemical properties, protein digestibility and consumer acceptability of sorghum mahewu was investigated. The MOLP was boiled and added to the fermented sorghum mahewu. The results demonstrated that sorghum mahewu enriched with whole and defatted MOLP had higher amounts (P < 0.05) of protein, ash and fibre content compared to the control sample. Moreover, minerals, amino acid contents and protein digestibility of the enriched sorghum mahewu samples were significantly improved compared to the control sample. The pH decreased with an increasing proportion of MOLP ranging from 4.36 to 4.09 (mahewu enriched with whole MOLP) and from 4.36 to 4.17 (mahewu enriched with defatted MOLP). Sorghum mahewu samples enriched with whole and defatted MOLP had higher contents of total titratable acid compared to the control sample, while the total soluble solids and viscosity decreased. In terms of colour profile, the b*, and chroma values of sorghum mahewu increased with an increasing percentage of whole and defatted MOLP while L* and a* values decreased. Regarding overall liking, sorghum mahewu enriched with 1% whole and defatted MOLP did not differ (P > 0.05) from the control sample. Therefore, sorghum mahewu must be enriched with low percentages of MOLP to improve its acceptance among consumers. These findings suggest that incorporating medicinal plants such as boiled MOLP to basic foods produced from sorghum flour could improve their nutritional profile and protein digestibility.
Incidence of Hospitalization due to Influenza‐Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Infection During 2010–2019 in Bangladesh
Authors: Aleem Mohammad Abdul , DeBord Katherine Roguski , Ahmed Makhdum , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Rahman Mustafizur , Islam Md Ariful , Alamgir A. S. M. , Salimuzzaman M. , Shirin Tahmina , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Rahman Mahmudur , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Chowdhury Fahmida , Iuliano A. Danielle 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlobal influenza‐associated acute respiratory infections contribute to 3–5 million severe illnesses requiring hospitalization annually, with 90% of hospitalizations occurring among children < 5 years in developing countries. In Bangladesh, the inadequate availability of nationally representative, robust estimates of influenza‐associated hospitalizations limits allocation of resources for prevention and control measures.MethodsThis study used data from the hospital‐based influenza surveillance (HBIS) system in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2019 and healthcare utilization surveys to determine hospital utilization patterns in the catchment area. We estimated annual influenza‐associated hospitalization numbers and rates for all age groups in Bangladesh using WHO methods, adjusted for a 6‐day‐a‐week enrollment schedule, selective testing of specimens from children under five, and healthcare‐seeking behavior, based on the proportion of symptomatic community participants seeking healthcare within the past week. We then estimated national hospitalization rates by multiplying age‐specific hospitalization rates with the corresponding annual national census population.ResultsAnnual influenza‐associated hospitalization rates per 100,000 population for all ages ranged from 31 (95% CI: 27–36) in 2011 to 139 (95% CI: 130–149) in 2019. Children < 5 years old had the highest rates of influenza‐associated hospitalization, ranging from 114 (95% CI: 90–138) in 2011 to 529 (95% CI: 481–578) in 2019, followed by adults aged ≥ 65 years with rates ranging from 46 (95% CI: 34–57) in 2012 to 252 (95% CI: 213–292) in 2019. The national hospitalization estimates for all ages during 2010–2019 ranged from 47,891 to 236,380 per year.ConclusionsThe impact of influenza‐associated hospitalizations in Bangladesh may be considerable, particularly for young children and older adults. Targeted interventions, such as influenza vaccination for these age groups, should be prioritized and evaluated.
Myocardial work alterations with progressive left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension
Authors: Fan Jiali , Wang Heng , Zhang Yuzhen , Ma Changsheng , Zhou Bingyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeft ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is frequently observed in patients with hypertension (HTN). LV myocardial work (MW) has recently emerged as a non‐invasive method to assess systolic myocardial deformation relative to afterload conditions. The authors investigated the characteristics of myocardial work with different degrees of LVH in HTN patients. From December 2020 to February 2024, 255 HTN patients and 26 healthy controls undergoing transthoracic echocardiography were included in the current study. Hypertension patients were divided into quintile groups based on left ventricular mass index (LVMI), for the first to fourth LVMI quantiles, global work index (GWI) and global constructive work (GCW) were higher compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the sixth LVMI quantile, GWI and GCW showed a significant decrease. The restricted cubic splines showed that both GWI and GCW exhibited an inverted U‐shaped relationship with LVMI. A LVMI of >151.39 g/m2 could accurately predict reduction both in GWI and GCW (Sensitivity: 0.78, Specificity: 0.89, AUC: 0.90, P < .001; Sensitivity: 0.81, Specificity: 0.92, AUC: 0.92, P < .001, respectively). As LVH progressed in HTN patients, both GWI and GCW initially demonstrated an increase, followed by a subsequent decrease. Myocardial work provides additional insights into assessment of cardiac function in HTN patients.
Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Xiang , Xiong Xingyu , Xue Jianxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to perform a network meta‐analysis (NMA) to investigate the effects of different testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) administration routes on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men with late‐onset hypogonadism (LOH).MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting data on International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, or prostate volume. NMA was performed, and subgroup analysis was conducted to assess the impact of TRT duration on outcomes.ResultsA total of 21 RCTs involving 2453 participants were included. For pairwise meta‐analysis, p values for TRT delivered by transdermal, intramuscular, and oral routes were as follows: IPSS: 0.93, 0.20, and 0.76; PSA level: 0.20, 0.27, and 0.98; prostate volume: 0.18, 0.04, and 0.16. There were no significant differences in IPSS, PSA level, or prostate volume between TRT routes. In subgroup analysis, long‐term intramuscular TRT significantly decreased IPSS (p = 0.03), short‐term transdermal TRT increased PSA levels (p < 0.001), and short‐term intramuscular TRT increased the prostate volume (p = 0.04). Other forms of TRT showed no significant change in IPSS, PSA level, and prostate volume compared with the placebo. Indirect comparison of the three administration routes demonstrated no significant differences in IPSS, PSA level, and prostate volume. Nevertheless, surface under the cumulative ranking curve analysis indicated that intramuscular TRT had an 83% probability of being the best method for decreasing IPSS.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that TRT does not worsen LUTS regardless of the administration route. Intramuscular TRT may be the preferred treatment for aging men with LOH and LUTS. Intramuscular TRT may be the preferred treatment for men with LOH and LUTS. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and optimize TRT management strategies.
Efficiency and equity: A general equilibrium analysis of rent‐seeking
Authors: Heijdra Ben J. , Heijnen Pim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study the rent‐seeking phenomenon using a simple, static general equilibrium model. The economy consists of two sectors, both employing a constant returns‐to‐scale technology with labor as its sole input. One of the sectors is a monopoly, where a continuum of agents compete for a share of monopoly profits (i.e. rent). Agents are heterogeneous in labor productivity and rent‐seeking ability: they face a choice between engaging in (productive) work or vying for a share of the rent (i.e., a contest against other rent‐seekers). At the aggregate level, rent‐seeking reduces the available amount of labor in the economy and thereby lowers output and welfare (rent‐seeking is inefficient). At the individual level, rent‐seeking shifts income towards rent‐seekers. Consequently, an economy with few rent‐seekers tends to have high income inequality: an effect that is exacerbated by the fact that rent is decreasing in the number of rent‐seekers (low levels of rent‐seeking increase inequity). This tradeoff between efficiency and equity is the primary focus of this paper. We investigate how the distribution of rent‐seeking ability and the correlation between labor productivity and rent‐seeking ability shape this tradeoff.
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from hard palate: An attractive alternative for regenerative medicine
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jiang Zhiwei , Ye Yuer , Pan Yiqi , Yu Mengjia , Yang Guoli , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe palatal mucosa exhibits a notable ability to regenerate without causing scarring during the process of wound healing, rendering it a highly valuable reservoir of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this review is to summarize the different sources of MSCs derived from hard palatal (PMSCs), thereby presenting a promising avenue for the utilization of regenerative medicine.Materials and MethodsPertinent literatures focused on the sources, identification methods, and advantageous characteristics of PMSCs are obtained from PubMed and Web of Science.ResultsPMSCs, originating from the hard palate periosteum, subepithelial adipose tissue, and lamina propria, have been successfully isolated and characterized, with positive markers for MSCs and negative markers for hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, PMSCs demonstrate resistance to inflammatory stimuli, enabling uninterrupted osteogenesis in the presence of inflammation. Additionally, PMSCs possess a notable migratory capacity, facilitating prompt arrival at the site of injury. Furthermore, PMSCs exhibit various advantageous inherent in stem cells, including clonogenicity, self‐renewal capability, and pluripotent differentiation potential.ConclusionsPMSCs have stem cell‐related properties and can be used for regenerative medicine of cells and tissues in the future.
Improving detached tiller culture for doubled haploid production in wheat (T. aestivum L.) by post‐pollination fungicides application and UV radiation treatment
Authors: Goyal Prinka , Thind Sanjeev K. , Srivastava Puja , Sharma Achla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work aims at improving the proven protocol for doubled haploid production in wheat. This procedure has some deficits, for example, microbial infection of ears as well as of the nutrient culture medium. In the present study, the potential effect of sterilization by detached tiller culture fungicides of ears as well as of nutrient medium to control microbial infection, and its effect on the formation of caryopses and embryos (CFF, EFF) was studied. In a further experiment, the UV‐light was used as physical sterilant for the nutrient medium. All of the fungicides and their concentrations studied were found to be effective to control infection on ears except the concentration 0.05% tilt. 0.1% tilt gave the highest CFF (79.5%) followed by 0.1% Bayleton (78.0%). The lowest CFF was recorded in control treatment (48.8%). Among Bavistin treatments, the 0.2% Bavistin gave maximum CFF (68.5%) as well as EFF (29.1%) followed by 0.1% Bavistin (64.9%, 23.7%). The higher concentration of tilt (0.2%) showed detrimental effects on EFF (17.5%). Bavistin in tiller culture nutrient medium reduced infection in medium and was shown to improve CFF and EFF (67.4%, 29.8%).
A generation divided: The politics of Generation X
Authors: Fisher Patrick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeneration X often receives less attention in generational analysis due to its perceived lack of distinctiveness compared to preceding and succeeding generations in the contemporary United States. Politically, there is little justification for distinguishing Generation X as it is commonly defined, yet it harbors significant political divergence between its older and younger cohorts. In terms of partisanship, ideology, and public policy preferences, Generation X is markedly divided, essentially comprising two distinct political generations. Generation X can thus be viewed as the in‐between generation representing the political dividing line between young and old. The dividing point is the birth year of 1973. Due to the considerable differences in the political climate during their formative years, those Gen Xers born before 1973 lean considerably more conservative and Republican than those born in 1973 and afterward.Related ArticlesFisher, Patrick. 2020. “Generational Replacement and the Impending Transformation of the American Electorate.” Politics & Policy 48(1): 38–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12340.Shaykhutdinov, Renat. 2019. “Socialization, Rationality, and Age: Generational Gaps and the Attitudes toward the Chechen War in Russia.” Politics & Policy 47(5): 931–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12323.Stockemer, Daniel. 2016. “Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?” Politics & Policy 44(5): 889–915. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12174.
Onion‐pathogenic Burkholderia species: Role and regulation of characterized virulence determinants
Authors: Paudel Sujan , Dutta Bhabesh , Kvitko Brian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMembers of the bacterial genus Burkholderia are a routine threat to onion production worldwide. In addition to the common onion‐pathogenic species, Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia orbicola and Burkholderia gladioli, other Burkholderia species have the potential to cause onion disease. Despite their impacts and long‐known association with onion disease, the virulence mechanisms of onion‐pathogenic Burkholderia are far less well understood than Burkholderia in human and murine infection models. In this review, we will focus on genetically characterized virulence factors in species that contribute to symptom production in onion and other plant hosts. Specifically, we will focus on the variable roles of specialized protein secretion systems (T2SS, T3SS and T4SS) and secreted proteins, thiosulphinate tolerance gene (TTG) clusters and the well‐characterized phytotoxin toxoflavin in virulence. The regulation and roles of LuxI/LuxS quorum‐sensing system and IclR‐type transcriptional regulator, qsmR, as master regulators of secondary metabolite production and virulence factors will also be discussed. The TTG clusters, involved in bacterial tolerance to thiosulphinate defence compounds, exhibit onion tissue‐specific contributions to virulence. This suggests that Burkholderia onion pathogens have tissue‐specific virulence strategies for causing disease.
Expression and function analysis of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase genes involved in Bamboo lignin biosynthesis
Authors: Sun Huayu , Li Hui , Huang Mei , Gao Zhimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBamboo, renowned as the fastest‐growing plant globally, matures within an astonishingly short period of 40–50 days from shoots, reaching heights of 10–20 meters. Moreover, it can be harvested for various uses within 3–5 years. Bamboo exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, characterized by high hardness and flexibility, largely attributed to its lignin content. Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) catalyzes the crucial initial step in lignin biosynthesis, but its precise role in bamboo lignification processes remains elusive. Thus, elucidating the functions of PAL genes in bamboo lignification processes is imperative for understanding its rapid growth and mechanical strength. Here, we systematically identified and classified PAL genes in Moso bamboo, ensuring nomenclature consistency across prior studies. Subsequently, we evaluated PAL gene expression profiles using publicly available transcriptome data. The downregulation of PePALs expression in Moso bamboo through in planta gene editing resulted in a decrease in PAL activity and a subsequent reduction in lignin content. In contrast, overexpression of PePAL led to enhanced PAL activity and an increase in lignin content. These findings highlight the critical role of PAL in the lignin biosynthesis process of Moso bamboo, which will help to unravel the mechanism underpinning bamboo's rapid growth and mechanical strength, with a specific emphasis on elucidating the functions of PAL genes.
Nascent policy subsystems in polycentric governance networks: The case of sea‐level rise governance in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Pozzi Tara , Zufall Elise , Gmoser‐Daskalakis Kyra , Vantaggiato Francesca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA policy subsystem is a system of relations between actors within the context of a specific, territorially bounded policy issue. Mature policy subsystems feature well‐established, easily distinguishable, confrontational coalitions. Recent literature has explored the behavior of nascent subsystems, which emerge in response to novel policy challenges and feature developing, rather than fully fledged, coalitions. However, as yet, we lack an empirical approach to identify and analyze the structural characteristics of nascent subsystems and assess their implications for theoretical and subsystem development. How do we recognize a nascent policy subsystem when we see one? What are the drivers of its nascent coalitional structure? We answer these questions using social network analysis in the empirical case of the governance network of adaptation to sea‐level rise in the San Francisco Bay Area, using original data collected in 2018. We find that the network portrays a nascent subsystem developing out of pre‐existing coalitions focused on two facets of environmental advocacy: environmental protection and environmental justice. We conclude with recommendations for future research on policy subsystem development.
Influence of additive and maternal effects on production and reproduction traits in Murrah buffaloes: Insights from Bayesian analysis
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Dahiya Satpal , Bangar Yogesh Chandrakant , Yadav Dipin Chander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this research was to assess genetic parameters for first lactation production and reproduction traits in Murrah buffaloes by employing additive and maternal effects. Data on pedigree and specific traits of 640 Murrah buffaloes were gathered from 1997 to 2020. These traits encompassed first lactation milk yield (FLMY), 305‐day first lactation milk yield (305FLMY), first lactation length (FLL), first lactation peak yield (FPY), first service period (FSP), first calving interval (FCI) and first dry period (FDP). Genetic evaluations employed six univariate animal models, accounting for both direct and maternal effects, facilitated by THRGIBBS1F90 and POSTGIBBSF90 programs. Fixed factors included in the analysis were period of calving, season of calving and age at first calving. The Bayesian estimates for direct heritability, derived from the most suitable model, were as follows: FLMY: 0.28 ± 0.01, 305FLMY: 0.30 ± 0.01, FLL: 0.19 ± 0.01, FPY: 0.18 ± 0.01, FSP: 0.12 ± 0.01, FCI: 0.14 ± 0.01 and FDP: 0.12 ± 0.01. Maternal effects were found significant, ranging from 5% to 10%, in first lactation traits under Model 2 and Model 5. Additionally, positive and significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were observed among the studied traits. In conclusion, selection based on 305‐day first lactation milk yield suggests potential for genetic enhancement in Murrah buffaloes, advocating its inclusion in breeding programmes to bolster early performance. Also, consideration of maternal influences is necessary for genetic progress of animals.
International attractiveness of cities: The drivers of urban FDI
Authors: Bono Pierre‐Henri , David Quentin , Desbordes Rodolphe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) nowadays mostly corresponds to activities in urban areas. This study provides the first global analysis of the determinants of urban FDI (UFDI). We assemble and exploit a unique database on the location choices of multinational enterprises in urban areas worldwide to investigate the relevance of local, national, and dynamic drivers of cities' international attractiveness. We find that attractive cities are large, productive, endowed with transport infrastructure able to move goods and people within and beyond their borders, abundant in educated people, and embedded in attractive national spaces. Cities combining all these attributes tend to attract service activities. Attractiveness is persistent but can evolve depending on economic dynamism. A variance decomposition analysis indicates that the location choices of UFDI are mainly driven by city‐level determinants, notably transport infrastructure.
Investigating spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of land resource misallocation in prefecture‐level China
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , He Sanwei , Weng Yuwei , Ding Jiancheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe misallocation of land resources is an important factor restricting the high‐quality development of China's economy. Based on the perspective of supply and demand matching, this study proposed a measurement method for the spatial misallocation of land resources and constructed two models for the testing and decomposition of factors affecting land resource spatial misallocation. We used this measurement method and these two models to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of the spatial misallocation of land resources in China from 2000 to 2018 with the aim of providing policy recommendations for the correction of land resource misallocation in China and other developing countries. The results showed that the spatial misallocation of land resources in China showed an upward trend with evident spatial differentiation and the proportion of cities with high and severe misallocation increased. Industrial isomorphism and market misallocation are the main driving factors of land misallocation. Government misallocation and factor market abnormal development aggravate land resource misallocation. Extensive economic development and excessive factor agglomeration have a small effect on land resource spatial misallocation. Therefore, strengthening the land supply‐side reform, and implementing differentiated land allocation policies are effective pathways to control land resource misallocation in China.