bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friendships and deviancy training in young children
Authors: Salazar Stefanie , Boivin Michel , Vitaro Frank , Cantin Stéphane , Forget-Dubois Nadine , Brendgen Mara , Dionne Ginette , Tremblay Richard 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to test a new approach to deviancy training, that is, the shaping and reinforcing of disruptive behaviors in social interaction, which considers not only reinforcement, but also the modeling processes involved, as well as children's roles as either providers or receivers of the training.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using teacher reports and observations from a semi-naturalistic experimental setting with young children, the authors examined the prevalence of provided and received modeling and positive reinforcement, as well as the concurrent contribution of behavior problems on these processes in friendship dyads using a convenience sample of six-year-old twins (N=783; 386 boys). Frequency analyses and linear and logistic regressions were conducted.

Findings
– Results indicated that modeling and positive reinforcement – provided and received – were prevalent in this low-risk sample, that behavior problems were associated mainly with provided dimensions, and that deviancy training processes were also displayed between disruptive and non-disruptive children.

Practical implications
– Findings are relevant to peer-oriented programs designed to prevent antisocial behaviors. Prevention should target these mixed friendships where deviant behavior likely begins.

Originality/value
– This study provides preliminary support for a new measure of deviancy training, underscores the importance of the roles taken by children, and shows that deviancy training takes place between disruptive and non-disruptive young children.
Estimating in geometric 3D CAD
Authors: Olatunji Oluwole Alfred , Sher Willy 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to elicit the activities in geometric 3D computer-aided design (CAD) estimating. Construction estimators usually target the structural integrity of data underlying project designs while measuring quantities and developing estimates. However, there are different ways to this. There is considerable evidence to suggest substantial distinction between data structuring in geometric and parametric CAD (building information modelling). Each of these platforms also appeals to estimators in the various practice domains differently. Regardless, the developments in the use of geometric and parametric CAD for design and management purposes have been rapid.Design/methodology/approach– The study focuses on the various perspectives within the different construction business domains. Interviews, focus group discussions and direct observation methods were used to explore data on estimating activities in 3D CAD from two public organizations, two large contracting firms, two quantity surveying consulting practices, two specialist-project companies and four software development and vending firms. These involved 17 middle-top management estimators who have had extensive experience in the industry. As the activities were elicited, participants were able to ascribe relative importance to each of the activities, and these were logically compared across the different practice domains.Findings– Thirty-one activities were identified as the components of estimators’ procedures leading to reliable outcomes in estimating 3D CAD designs. Logical correlations were discussed through extant literature towards forming a centroid model which could be used for numerous industry applications, including software development, knowledge transfer between organizations, employees’ hands-on training, curriculum design for academic institutions and as a policy framework for professional institutions on estimating practice. Further areas of research were also highlighted.Originality/value– This work is an original piece. It is neither published nor under consideration elsewhere.
Finance-based scheduling using meta-heuristics: discrete versus continuous optimization problems
Authors: Elazouni Ashraf , Alghazi Anas , Selim Shokri Z. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the genetic algorithm (GA), simulate annealing (SA) and shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) in solving discrete versus continuous-variable optimization problems of the finance-based scheduling. This involves the minimization of the project duration and consequently the time-related cost components of construction contractors including overheads, finance costs and delay penalties.

Design/methodology/approach
– The meta-heuristics of the GA, SA and SFLA have been implemented to solve non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) finance-based scheduling problem employing the objective of minimizing the project duration. The traditional problem of generating unfeasible solutions in scheduling problems is adequately tackled in the implementations of the meta-heuristics in this paper.

Findings
– The obtained results indicated that the SA outperformed the SFLA and GA in terms of the quality of solutions as well as the computational cost based on the small-size networks of 30 activities, whereas it exhibited the least total duration based on the large-size networks of 120 and 210 activities after prolonged processing time.

Research limitations/implications
– From researchers’ perspective, finance-based scheduling is one of the few domain problems which can be formulated as discrete and continuous-variable optimization problems and, thus, can be used by researchers as a test bed to give more insight into the performance of new developments of meta-heuristics in solving discrete and continuous-variable optimization problems.

Practical implications
– Finance-based scheduling discrete-variable optimization problem is of high relevance to the practitioners, as it allows schedulers to devise finance-feasible schedules of minimum duration. The minimization of project duration is focal for the minimization of time-related cost components of construction contractors including overheads, finance costs and delay penalties. Moreover, planning for the expedient project completion is a major time-management aspect of construction contractors towards the achievement of the objective of client satisfaction through the expedient delivery of the completed project for clients to start reaping the anticipated benefits.

Social implications
– Planning for the expedient project completion is a major time-management aspect of construction contractors towards the achievement of the objective of client satisfaction.

Originality/value
– SFLA represents a relatively recent meta-heuristic that proved to be promising, based on its limited number of applications in the literature. This paper is to implement SFLA to solve the discrete-variable optimization problem of the finance-based scheduling and assess its performance by comparing its results against those of the GA and SA.
CRM in the digital age: implementation of CRM in three contemporary B2B firms
Authors: Lipiäinen Heini Sisko Maarit 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to contribute to the current discussion on digitization in companies’ marketing from a customer relationship management (CRM) perspective by examining the role and objectives of CRM and the exploitation of social media to serve the objectives of CRM in contemporary business-to-business (B2B) companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data are collected through semi-structured themed interviews with key marketing/sales managers from three B2B firms.

Findings
– CRM seems to be moving closer to the company’s core activity and becoming everybody’s business to a greater extent than ever before, but its main goal, to enhance customer relationships, will not necessarily change. Understanding the customer is vital and requires different functions to cooperate closely to ensure the firm has the best possible understanding of its customers. Public social media tools played almost no part in CRM, but closed social media systems might have potential in the future.

Research limitations/implications
– The chosen research approach limits the generalization of the results.

Practical implications
– It seems likely that firms will benefit from a collaborative working style over the traditional silo approaches. For B2B firms, public social media does not seems to be the most suitable source to serve CRM but private social media channels might have potential in the future.

Originality/value
– The lack of empirical examination of the change from company ecosystem to customer ecosystem from a CRM perspective, and the lack of research on social media for CRM in the B2B context, determines the purpose of this study. Furthermore, digitization is a rather new and unstructured phenomenon and many companies are still considering how to reconcile to it.
Sustained Reduction in Health Disparities Achieved through Targeted Quality Improvement: One‐Year Follow‐up on a Three‐Year Intervention
Authors: Balicer Ran D. , Hoshen Moshe , Cohen‐Stavi Chandra , Shohat‐Spitzer Sivan , Kay Calanit , Bitterman Haim , Lieberman Nicky , Jacobson Orit , Shadmi Efrat 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo assess a quality improvement disparity reduction intervention and its sustainability.Data Sources/Study SettingElectronic health records and Quality Index database of Clalit Health Services in Israel (2008–2012).Study DesignInterrupted time‐series with pre‐, during, and postintervention disparities measurement between 55 target clinics (serving approximately 400,000 mostly low socioeconomic, minority populations) and all other (126) clinics.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData on a Quality Indicator Disparity Scale (QUIDS‐7) of 7 indicators, and on a 61‐indicator scale (QUIDS‐61).Principal FindingsThe gap between intervention and nonintervention clinics for QUIDS‐7 decreased by 66.7 percent and by 70.4 percent for QUIDS‐61. Disparity reduction continued (18.2 percent) during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsQuality improvement can achieve significant reduction in disparities in a wide range of clinical domains, which can be sustained over time.
Functional and radioligand binding characterization of the α1L‐adrenoceptor subtype of the human vas deferens
Authors: Davis B. J. , Wiener M. , Chapple C. R. , Sellers D. J. , Chess‐Williams R. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Alpha1‐adrenoceptor antagonists can cause ejaculatory dysfunction as an adverse effect. Contractions of the human vas deferens are mediated via α1A‐adrenoceptors, and this study investigated whether the low affinity state of this receptor (α1L‐adrenoceptor) is involved in mediating contractions of this tissue.

The potency of agonists and the affinity of receptor subtype selective antagonists were determined in functional experiments and in [3H]tamsulosin binding experiments to identify the α1‐adrenoceptor subtype population present in the human vas deferens.

The α1A‐adrenoceptor selective agonist A61603 was a full agonist and was 250‐fold more potent than noradrenaline. Prazosin antagonized contractile responses to phenylephrine with a low affinity (pKd = 8.6). Only high concentrations of RS17053 antagonized responses to phenylephrine and yielded a relatively low affinity estimate of 7.0. BMY7378 (α1D‐adrenoceptor selective) gave a low affinity estimate (pKd = 6.7), whilst tamsulosin (α1A‐ and α1D‐adrenoceptor selective) had a high affinity (pKd = 9.9).

[3H]Tamsulosin bound to human vas deferens membranes with a high affinity (pKd = 10.0). Prazosin, RS17053 and BMY7378 competed with [3H]tamsulosin with low affinities for a single population of binding sites (pKd values of 8.5, 7.2 and 6.3, respectively).

These functional and radioligand binding data indicate that the human vas deferens possesses a homogeneous population of α1‐adrenoceptors which have the pharmacological properties of the putative α1L‐adrenoceptor, the same functional receptor previously identified in the human prostate.
What Would Milton Friedman Have Thought of the Great Recession?
Authors: Sumner Scott 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMilton Friedman died in , right before the onset of the Great Recession. Unfortunately, we will never know how Friedman would have interpreted this event. However, we can draw some inferences from his published views on the Great Depression, as well as his views on more recent monetary policy, especially in Japan. It seems likely that Friedman would have blamed the Fed for insufficiently expansionary monetary policy during 2008 and 2009, a view that is quite different from the conventional conservative interpretation of events.
The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow‐mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)
Authors: Peloso Pedro L.V. , Frost Darrel R. , Richards Stephen J. , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Donnellan Stephen , Matsui Masafumi , Raxworthy Cristopher J. , Biju S.D. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Lemmon Alan R. , Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDespite considerable progress in unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs, relationships among subfamilies remain largely unstable and many genera are not demonstrably monophyletic. Here, we used five alternative combinations of DNA sequence data (ranging from seven loci for 48 taxa to up to 73 loci for as many as 142 taxa) generated using the anchored phylogenomics sequencing method (66 loci, derived from conserved genome regions, for 48 taxa) and Sanger sequencing (seven loci for up to 142 taxa) to tackle this problem. We assess the effects of character sampling, taxon sampling, analytical methods and assumptions in phylogenetic inference of microhylid frogs. The phylogeny of microhylids shows high susceptibility to different analytical methods and datasets used for the analyses. Clades inferred from maximum‐likelihood are generally more stable across datasets than those inferred from parsimony. Parsimony trees inferred within a tree‐alignment framework are generally better resolved and better supported than those inferred within a similarity‐alignment framework, even under the same cost matrix (equally weighted) and same treatment of gaps (as a fifth nucleotide state). We discuss potential causes for these differences in resolution and clade stability among discovery operations. We also highlight the problem that commonly used algorithms for model‐based analyses do not explicitly model insertion and deletion events (i.e. gaps are treated as missing data). Our results corroborate the monophyly of Microhylidae and most currently recognized subfamilies but fail to provide support for relationships among subfamilies. Several taxonomic updates are provided, including naming of two new subfamilies, both monotypic.
Self‐Directed Learning Favors Local, Rather Than Global, Uncertainty
Authors: Markant Douglas B. , Settles Burr , Gureckis Todd M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCollecting (or “sampling”) information that one expects to be useful is a powerful way to facilitate learning. However, relatively little is known about how people decide which information is worth sampling over the course of learning. We describe several alternative models of how people might decide to collect a piece of information inspired by “active learning” research in machine learning. We additionally provide a theoretical analysis demonstrating the situations under which these models are empirically distinguishable, and we report a novel empirical study that exploits these insights. Our model‐based analysis of participants' information gathering decisions reveals that people prefer to select items which resolve uncertainty between two possibilities at a time rather than items that have high uncertainty across all relevant possibilities simultaneously. Rather than adhering to strictly normative or confirmatory conceptions of information search, people appear to prefer a “local” sampling strategy, which may reflect cognitive constraints on the process of information gathering.
Genetic signature of the colonisation dynamics along a coastal expansion front in the damselfly Coenagrion scitulum
Authors: SWAEGERS JANNE , MERGEAY JOACHIM , ST‐MARTIN AUDREY , DE KNIJF GEERT , LARMUSEAU MAARTEN H. D. , STOKS ROBBY 
Published: March 2015

1. Many insects are expanding their distribution range polewards as a result of climate change, which has been shown to be associated with founder effects leading to a reduction in genetic diversity and an increase in genetic differentiation. These spatial genetic patterns may arise from colonisation from a broad expansion front or a limited neighbourhood after a stepping stone model of dispersal. The temporal persistence of such founder effects are poorly understood, mainly because studies looking at the fine‐scale initial temporal dynamics of the genetic signature of a range expansion are rare.2. Using microsatellite markers, we performed a detailed spatiotemporal genetic analysis of the range expanding damselfly Coenagrion scitulum (Rambur) along a coastal axis during the first years after colonisation.3. A decrease was in (private) allelic richness when going northwards along the coastline, which is consistent with a scenario of cumulative founder events. In spite of the spatiotemporal dynamics in the observation records of the species along the coastline, the spatial genetic data indicated a major contribution from the broad expansion front during the colonisation of the coastline rather than a stepping‐stone colonisation process.4. The fine‐scale temporal dynamics of the range expansion indicated the absence of persistent founder effects and instead showed considerable temporal instability in genetic indices at the more northern edge populations. This may be explained by genetic immigration and admixture from the broad expansion front in this active disperser.
Selling Citizenship: A Defence
Authors: Hidalgo Javier 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMany people think that citizenship should not be for sale. On their view, it is morally wrong for states to sell citizenship to foreigners. In this article, I challenge this view. I argue that it is in principle permissible for states to sell citizenship. I contend that, if states can permissibly deny foreigners access to citizenship in some cases, then states can permissibly give foreigners the option of buying citizenship in these cases. Furthermore, I defend the permissibility of selling citizenship against the objections that selling citizenship values citizenship in the wrong way, corrupts civic norms, and unfairly discriminates against poor foreigners. I conclude by noting that, although selling citizenship is not intrinsically wrong, it could still be wrong for states to sell citizenship in practice. If existent immigration restrictions are unjust, then it may be impermissible for states to sell citizenship in the real world.
Multimodel Ecologies: Cultivating Model Ecosystems in Industrial Ecology
Authors: Bollinger L. Andrew , Nikolić Igor , Davis Chris B. , Dijkema Gerard P.J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMany industrial ecology models may be classified as single‐use products‐constructed to address a specific problem and of little use beyond their original context. But a knowledge ecosystem based around single‐use representations of reality wastes effort and resources and limits the impact of industrial ecology as a field. In recent years, tangible progress has been made in areas such as integrated modeling and multisimulation. However, this work tends to discount the evolutionary nature of models and their embeddedness within a changing sociotechnical environment—aspects which, we argue, are central to enabling the sustained usefulness of models in industrial ecology.We define a multimodel ecology as an interacting group of models coevolving with one another in a dynamic sociotechnical environment. A multimodel ecology perspective can facilitate model integration and reuse and highlight different ways in which models—mental, conceptual, and computational–may interact and evolve. To demonstrate the use of this perspective, we introduce and analyze an existing multimodel ecology—the Energy Modeling Laboratory. We conclude with a set of guidelines for facilitating model reuse and integration. Among others, these include use open standards, build simple components, leverage the Web, borrow proudly, and enforce sharing.
The promyelinating properties of androstenediol in gliotoxin‐induced demyelination in rat corpus callosum
Authors: Kalakh Samah , Mouihate Abdeslam 
Published: March 2015

AimsExperimental evidence has shown that the adrenal steroid hormone, androstenediol, dampens the symptoms of demyelination. However, the cellular and molecular effects of androstenediol are not yet known. In the present study, we investigated the cellular and subcellular effects of this hormone in a gliotoxin‐induced demyelination model.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats received 2 μl of either saline or the gliotoxin ethidium bromide (EB, 0.04%) into the corpus callosum. These rats received daily subcutaneous injections of either oil or androstenediol (5 mg/kg). Their brains were collected at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days post‐EB injection. Demyelinated lesions were assessed using Luxol fast blue staining. Immunofluorescent staining was used to investigate the number of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, their maturation and microglial activation at the lesion site. Remyelination was further explored using transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of total and phosphorylated MBP isoforms and CNPase were explored using western blot.ResultsAndrostenediol decreased the size of demyelinated lesions in the corpus callosum at 7 and 14 days post‐EB injection. It enhanced the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, promoted an increase in the number of mature oligodendrocytes and reduced microglial activation. Androstenediol also stimulated the phosphorylation of MBP at the site of the lesion and promoted remyelination of the affected axons.ConclusionsThese data strongly suggest that androstenediol is endowed with promyelinating properties in a model of focal gliotoxin‐induced demyelination. It induces its promyelinating effects by enhancing the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their maturation at the lesion site.
Clinical and histologic description of ocular anatomy in captive black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)
Authors: Meekins Jessica M. , Eshar David , Rankin Amy J. , Henningson Jamie N. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical and histologic ocular anatomy of the black‐tailed prairie dog (PD).Animals studiedSeventeen captive black‐tailed PDs (11 males and six females), ranging in age from approximately 4 months to 4.5 years.ProceduresComplete ocular examinations, including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. The globes (n = 2) of one black‐tailed PD were harvested immediately after euthanasia and processed after formalin fixation. Staining with hematoxylin–eosin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, chromogranin A, claudin‐5, smooth muscle actin, and vimentin was performed for light microscopic evaluation.ResultsA thick mucinous precorneal tear film was present on the ocular surface. A vestigial nictitating membrane was identified in the medial canthus area. The limbus was heavily pigmented, the iris was a dark homogenous brown, and the pupil was round. Funduscopically, there was no tapetum lucidum, the retinal vascular pattern was holangiotic, and a horizontally elongated optic disk was visualized. The most common ocular abnormalities were acquired eyelid margin defects, present in seven eyes of six black‐tailed PDs (35.3%). On histologic examination, the retina was asymmetric, thicker below the optic disk and thinner above it.ConclusionsThe black‐tailed PD fundus is atapetal with a holangiotic retinal vessel pattern and a horizontally elongated optic disk. Acquired lesions of the peri‐ocular and eyelid region were the most common documented abnormality. Unique anatomic features of the globe and adnexa were confirmed with histologic and immunohistochemical analysis.