bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing kraft lignin–derived hard carbon as an innovative bio-electrode in electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Kurc Beata , Pigłowska Marita , Fuć Paweł , Szymlet Natalia , Gross Xymena , Piasecki Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, biomaterials are gaining popularity due to high need to make energy storage devices greener and safer. After the carbonization process, lignin has a slightly larger specific surface and a porous structure, which can provide a significant electrochemical double-layer capacity. When combined with kraft lignin as a binder, which helps maintain the structural integrity of the electrode, the efficient use of the active material can be enhanced. The binder facilitates better dispersion of carbonized lignin particles, reducing agglomeration and ensuring greater availability of active sites for electrolyte ions. The aim of this work is to present a novel lignin-based hard carbon as an electrode material for applications in electrochemical capacitors. To this end, a detailed physicochemical and electrochemical analysis was conducted. Kraft lignin was carbonized at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 °C. The resulting material is characterized by thermal stability, a low polydispersion index (PDI), and mesoporosity. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was used to determine changes in structure, while functional groups were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In electrochemical applications, the material exhibits high cyclic stability and no redox reactions, with the primary mechanism of charge accumulation being based on the electrochemical double layer. Additionally, low resistances contribute to improved charge storage.
Graphical abstract
Effects of a mobile-app-based self-compassion intervention on psychological health and maladaptive cognitive traits: findings from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Han Wei Tian , Keng Shian-Ling , Pooh Karen , Wang Ziying , Ayyappan Madhumitha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCollege students are at risk of poor mental health and other maladaptive traits such as academic worry, perfectionism, and rumination. This study aimed to examine the effects of a seven-week mobile app-based self-compassion intervention on psychological symptoms and maladaptive cognitive traits in a sample of college students based in Singapore. Using a randomized controlled trial design, a total of 63 participants (mean age = 21.2; 64.2% female) were recruited and randomly assigned to either the self-compassion program (n = 31) or a waitlist control condition (n = 32). The online self-compassion program was administered via the mobile app 29k, which consists of weekly lessons each lasting 30 to 60 min. Outcome measures were administered a week before and after the intervention program. Analyses indicated that compared to participants in the waitlist control condition, participants in the intervention condition reported significantly greater decreases in depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. There was also a trend for greater decreases in academic worry in the intervention condition. No significant between-group differences were found on changes in trait self-compassion, perfectionism, or rumination. The results are promising in indicating that app-based self-compassion programs may be effective in improving selected aspects of college students’ mental health. Future research could investigate additional features that could be incorporated into mobile app-based interventions, such as synchronous sessions with a trained facilitator, and more targeted content for college students.
The Individual Spaces of Interpretation for the Collective Social Construction of the Jewish Sabbath in Israel
Authors: Shufan-Biton Stav 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the tension between the national, public, and social restrictions that apply to the Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath) in Israel and the way that Jews from a variety of religious streams understand Shabbat as leisure time that allows for a subjective choice of practices and self-realization. Jewish law provides clear rules and instructions for behavior on Shabbat, including a prohibition on different types of melacha (different kinds of creative activity), with the goal of “remembering” and “keeping” the Sabbath. While in Israel there are many Jews who do not follow these laws, they also make Shabbat special in other ways. Since Israel is a Jewish state, there is no clear separation between religion and state; today there are laws, regulations, expectations, and customs relating to Shabbat in the public sphere. To understand the diversity of views of Israelis about Shabbat, qualitative interviews were conducted with 66 secular, religious, formerly religious, traditional, and Ultra-Orthodox Jews, aged 25–50. Analysis of the survey data shows that Israeli Jews have a variety of perspectives regarding Shabbat, and do not describe Shabbat being structured and experienced as collective, homogeneous, and restrictive. Among the interviewees, religious and secular alike, Shabbat is described as a time full of variable subjective content, based on free choice and free from other obligations. On the one hand, even the religious and Ultra-Orthodox prioritize the individual and their family, sometimes more than religious faith or halachic obligation. On the other hand, even for those who do not keep the Shabbat halachically, resting on Shabbat forms an organizing principle for the weekend, lending this time its unique quality.
Intelligent algorithm selection for efficient update predictions in social media feeds
Authors: Keller Max-Emanuel , Döschl Alexander , Mandl Peter , Schill Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Efficiently synchronizing data with social media feeds while minimizing unnecessary requests presents a significant challenge in various fields. This paper investigates prediction algorithms for determining the optimal update intervals for Facebook and Twitter (now X) feeds, focusing on metrics such as delay (the time between a post’s publication and its retrieval) and requests per post. Variations in update intervals result in different algorithms producing varying results, making the selection of the most suitable algorithm for each feed crucial yet time-intensive. To address this, we propose three strategies for algorithm selection: baseline (applying a single algorithm to all feeds), optimum (identifying the best algorithm for each individual feed), and classification (selecting algorithms through a classification process based on each feed’s unique update patterns and context). Our strategies leverage various prediction algorithms, including static and adaptive algorithms, and inhomogeneous Poisson processes. We evaluate these strategies using real-world data from Facebook and Twitter, thoroughly assessing their performance in terms of delay and request efficiency. The findings demonstrate that the strategy Optimum effectively identifies the best algorithms for each feed, ensuring the highest prediction quality, though at a considerable computational cost. On the other hand, the strategy Classification offers superior runtime performance required to select algorithms. This research highlights the trade-offs between delay and request efficiency and presents a comprehensive solution for optimizing update predictions in social media feeds.
Effects of pelvic fixation strategies and multi-rod constructs on biomechanics of the proximal junction in long thoracolumbar posterior instrumented fusions: a finite-element analysis
Authors: Mumtaz Muzammil , Collins Andrew P. , Shekouhi Niloufar , Varier Karthika , Tripathi Sudharshan , Ames Christopher P. , Deviren Vedat , Clark Aaron J. , Goel Vijay K. , Theologis Alekos A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the effect of various pelvic fixation techniques and number of rods on biomechanics of the proximal junction of long thoracolumbar posterior instrumented fusions.

Methods
A validated spinopelvic finite-element (FE) model was instrumented with L5–S1 ALIF and one of the following 9 posterior instrumentation configurations: (A) one traditional iliac screw bilaterally (“2 Iliac/2 Rods”); (B) T10 to S1 (“Sacral Only”); (C) unilateral traditional iliac screw (“1 Iliac/2 Rods”); (D) one traditional iliac screw bilaterally with one midline accessory rod (“2 Iliac/3 rods”); (E) S2AI screws connected directly to the midline rods (“2 S2AI/2 Rods”); and two traditional iliac screws bilaterally with two lateral accessory rods connected to the main rods at varying locations (F1: T10–11, F2: T11–12, F3: T12–L1, F4: L1–2) (“4 Iliac/4 Rods”). Range of motions (ROM) at T10–S1 and T9–T10 were recorded and compared between models. The T9–T10 intradiscal pressures and stresses of the T9–10 disc’s annulus in addition to the von Mises stresses of the T9 and T10 vertebral bodies were recorded and compared.

Results
For T10–S1 ROM, 4 iliac/4 rods had lowest ROM in flexion and extension, while 2 S2AI/2 rods showed lowest ROM in rotation. Constructs with 3 or 4 rods had lower stresses on the primary rods compared to 2-rod constructs. At the proximal adjacent disc (T9–10), 4 iliac/4 rods showed lowest ROM, lowest intradiscal pressures, and lowest annular stress in all directions (most pronounced in flexion–extension). Under flexion and extension, 4 iliac/4 rods also showed the lowest von Mises stresses on the T10 vertebral body but the highest stresses on the T9 vertebral body.

Conclusions
Dual iliac screws with 4 rods across the lumbosacral junction and extending to the thoracolumbar junction demonstrated the lowest T10–S1 ROM, the lowest adjacent segment disc (T9–T10) ROM, intradiscal pressures, and annular stresses, and the lowest UIV stresses, albeit with the highest UIV + 1 stresses. Additional studies are needed to confirm whether these biomechanical findings dictate clinical outcomes and effect rates of proximal junctional kyphosis and failure.
A review of strategies to incorporate flexibility in higher education course designs
Authors: Barua Lumbini , Lockee Barbara B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile the movement for flexibility in higher education can be traced back to the first corresponding courses in the 18th century, the recent pandemic has led to an unprecedented demand for flexible learning, particularly in higher education settings. This review of the literature delves into the evolution of flexible course design and defines flexibility as a multifaceted concept encompassing time, place, content, pace, and pedagogy, with learner autonomy situated at the core. This review explores the key components of flexible course design, including both pedagogical and logistical aspects, and their implications for developing a learner-centered approach to enhancing engagement and motivation. By synthesizing the current literature, this review highlights strategies to incorporate flexibility in course design through content adaptation, pedagogical modifications, assessment diversification, and adjustments in time, place, and pace of course offerings and learning. This review underscores the significance of flexible course design in light of the rapidly diversified learner demographic and their changing needs emphasizing the necessity of further research on flexibility for building more empathetic and adaptable learning environments.
Parameter identification of vibratory conveying systems including statistical part behavior
Authors: Schiller Simon , Perchtold Dominik , Eitzlmayr Andreas , Gruber Peter , Six Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work presents a complete workflow for the parameter identification of an MBS model representing a vibratory conveying system. First, the MBS model built within the multibody dynamics tool HOTINT is shown. Essential components, such as contact modeling and adaptive time step control, are explained in detail. The model includes a considerable amount of parameters that need to be identified. Altough, this model is fully deterministic, the complex contact dynamics can cause major effect on results by minor parameter variations. Thus, parameter variations usually show statistical variance, which is characteristic for real conveying processes too. For parameter identification it is important to detect parameters that significantly correlate with results. A method that allows to distinguish significant and non-significant parameters is presented. The application to the multibody system shows that stiffness, restitution and sliding friction of the contact model are the essential parameters. Next, the parameter identification is discussed with particular attention to multimodal distributions, that can occur in conveying systems. Furthermore, the integration of statistics into the deterministic simulation model is discussed. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methods, a parameter identification is performed based on measurement data of a single part on a real conveying system in the development site of STIWA Automation GmbH. Finally, the validity of the fully parametrized simulation model is shown by investigating geometric adjustments of the conveyor. In order to further verify the identified set of parameters, a conveying process with multiple parts is analyzed and compared in measurement and simulation.
Impact of the alkyl side-chain length on solubility, interchain packing, and charge-transport properties of amorphous π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Dai Qingqing , Lang Xingyou , Brédas Jean-Luc , Wang Tonghui , Jiang Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIncreasing the length of alkyl side chains is a typical way to improve the solubility of π-conjugated polymers designed for use in solution-processed devices. However, these modifications have also been reported to alter the film morphology. Given that the mechanism leading to improved solubility is not well documented yet and the nanoscale (local) morphologies of amorphous π-conjugated polymer films are difficult to characterize experimentally, here, we combine molecular dynamics simulations and long-range corrected density functional theory calculations to examine at the molecular scale the impact that the alkyl side-chain length has on polymer solubility and film morphologies. As a representative example, we consider poly(thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-alt-3,4-difluorothiophene) (PTPD[2F]T) with two different lengths of the alkyl side chains on the thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) moieties, i.e., 2-hexyldecyl (2HD) and 2-decyltetradecyl (2DT). A detailed analysis of polymer–solvent and polymer–polymer interactions provides a picture that describes the underlying mechanism for improved solubility in going from 2HD to 2DT. We then underline an intrinsic characteristic that decreasing the side-chain length brings a greater extent of backbone planarity and lesser side chain-TPD interactions, which leads to higher interchain π-π packing density and order, while the interchain π-π packing patterns remain similar in the two films. These morphologies are discussed in terms of the charge-transport properties between neighboring PTPD[2F]T chains, which point to a higher electron mobility in the PTPD[2F]T films with shorter alkyl side chains. Overall, our findings offer guidance in the field of solution-processed electronic devices by pointing out that the polymer alkyl side-chain length could be minimized to improve carrier mobility while ensuring polymer solubility.
Immunological harmony: the dynamic influence of cellular and humoral immunity on pregnancy success
Authors: Pandey Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study is a crucial step in understanding the dynamics of the maternal immune response directed at paternal human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. HLA molecules are proteins on cell surfaces that play a critical role in immune system regulation. Our findings focus on the pivotal role of maternal antibodies targeting fetal HLA molecules in inhibiting antigen-induced activation of uterine immune cells, which is essential for successful pregnancies. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that recognize and neutralize foreign substances. The primary focus is to unravel maternal anti-fetal rejection by drawing parallels to transplant rejection and emphasizing the role of allorecognition—the process by which an individual’s immune system recognizes and responds to antigens from another individual of the same species—in both cellular (involving immune cells) and humoral (involving antibodies) refusal. Although exploring anti-HLA antibodies in preventing fetal loss in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion is captivating, there are still significant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Further studies are imperative to reveal the precise mechanism by which these antibodies generate and prevent maternal immune responses, critical determinants of pregnancy outcomes. It is vital to investigate the specificity of these antibodies and whether they exclusively target specific HLA molecules on trophoblasts (cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, providing nutrients to the embryo). This review paper not only offers insights into the development of these protective antibodies in pregnancy but also lays the foundation for future research on therapeutic implications, particularly in cases of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Increased Summer Monsoon Rainfall Over Northwest India Caused by Hadley Cell Expansion and Indian Ocean Warming
Authors: Joseph Ligin , Skliris Nikolaos , Dey Dipanjan , Marsh Robert , Hirschi Joël 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFrom 1979 to 2022, the summer monsoon precipitation has increased by a substantial 40% over Northwest India compared to the 1980s. This wetting trend aligns with the future projections of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). The observationally constrained reanalysis data indicates that significant sea surface warming in the western equatorial Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea is likely driving this increase in rainfall by enhancing the cross‐equatorial monsoonal flow and associated evaporation. We demonstrate that the strengthening of the cross‐equatorial monsoon winds is due to the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean and the enhanced Pacific Ocean trade winds, which result from the poleward shift and expansion of the Hadley cell. These strengthened winds boost the latent heat flux (evaporation), leading to increased moisture transport to Northwest India.
The Crucial Role of the Subpolar North Atlantic for Skillful Decadal Climate Predictions
Authors: Drews Annika , Schmith Torben , Tian Tian , Wang Yiguo , Devilliers Marion , Keenlyside Noel S. , Yang Shuting , Olsen Steffen M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate the role of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) for downstream predictability, using two decadal climate prediction systems. We use the subpolar extreme cold and fresh anomaly event developing in winter 2013/2014 as initial conditions and evaluate ensemble predictions of the two systems in the following decade. In addition, we perform ensemble pacemaker experiments where the models are forced toward observed ocean temperature and salinity anomalies in the SPNA from November 2014 through December 2019. The pacemaker experiments show improved skill along the Atlantic Water pathway, compared with the standard decadal predictions, and we therefore conclude that the correct description of the ocean in the SPNA is the key. The enhanced skill is most prominent in subsurface salinity in the form of propagating anomalies.
Statistical Study of Hot Flow Anomaly Induced Ground Magnetic Ultra‐Low Frequency Oscillations
Authors: Wang Boyi , Liu Jiaqi , Han Desheng , Wang Yi , Feng Xueshang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPc5 ULF waves play an important role in transporting energy and particles in the coupled magnetospheric and ionospheric system. They are known to be initiated by dynamic pressure fluctuations upstream of the magnetopause, including those induced by hot flow anomalies (HFAs). However, the role of HFAs in generating magnetospheric and ground magnetic Pc5 ULF oscillations has not been investigated statistically yet. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the contribution of HFAs to ground magnetic Pc5 ULF oscillations and analyze how the characteristics of HFAs influence these oscillations, based on the coordinated observations between the THEMIS probes and the ground magnetometers at high latitudes during the years 2008, 2009 and 2019. We find that HFAs can serve as a notable source of ground magnetic Pc5 ULF oscillations, with about 18.9% of Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) discontinuity‐induced HFAs associated with discernible enhancements in Pc5 ULF wave power, whereas spontaneous HFAs play a comparatively minor role in generating these oscillations. Furthermore, we observe that the cores of HFAs are likely to contribute more significantly to modulating the induced ground magnetic Pc5 ULF oscillations than their compressed boundaries. More dynamic pressure reductions within HFA cores correspond to stronger ground magnetic Pc5 ULF oscillations. Additionally, HFAs can propagate with the IMF discontinuity along the bow shock, continuously generating ground magnetic Pc5 ULF oscillations during their propagation. This research sheds light on the mechanisms underlying Pc5 ULF wave generation and underscores the role of HFAs in driving magnetospheric‐ionospheric interactions.
MeV Electron Precipitation During Radiation Belt Dropouts
Authors: Freund Domenique , Blum Lauren , Vidal‐Luengo Sergio , Bruno Alessandro , Kataoka Ryuho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo gain deeper insights into radiation belt loss into the atmosphere, a statistical study of MeV electron precipitation during radiation belt dropout events is undertaken. During these events, electron intensities often drop by an order of magnitude or more within just a few hours. For this study, dropouts are defined as a decrease by at least a factor of five in less than 8 hours. Van Allen probe measurements are employed to identify dropouts across various parameters, complemented by precipitation data from the CALorimetric Electron Telescope instrument on the International Space Station. A temporal analysis unveils a notable increase in precipitation occurrence and intensity during dropout onset, correlating with the decline of SYM‐H, the north‐south component of the interplanetary magnetic field, and the peak of the solar wind dynamic pressure. Moreover, dropout occurrences show correlations with the solar cycle, exhibiting maxima at the spring and autumn equinoxes. This increase during equinoxes reflects the correlation between equinoxes and the SYM‐H index, which itself exhibits a correlation with precipitation during dropouts. Spatial analysis reveals that dropouts with precipitation penetrate into lower L‐star regions, mostly reaching L‐star <4, while most dropouts without precipitation don't penetrate deeper than L‐star 5. This is consistent with the larger average dimensions of dropouts associated with precipitation. During dropouts, precipitation is predominantly observed in the dusk‐midnight sector, coinciding with the most intense precipitation events. The results of this study provide insight into the contribution of precipitation to radiation belt dropouts by deciphering when and where precipitation occurred.