bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of photographic images from the Leeds revised acne grading system with a six‐category global acne severity scale
Authors: Tan J.K.L. , Zhang X. , Jones E. , Bulger L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Few global acne grading systems include individualized assessments of chest and back as well as face. The Leeds revised acne grading system is based on photographic images while the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS) is based on textual descriptions. There exists an unmet need for a global scale based on both text and photos.Purpose  Our objective was to evaluate the correspondence of severity grades from descriptive text (CASS grades) for each Leeds image.Methods  Twenty‐three dermatologists independently graded 56 photos of face, chest and back of varying acne severity using CASS. Photographs were randomly presented from the The Leeds revised acne grading system (n = 31) and from acne patients of the corresponding author (n = 25). For each Leeds photo, rater responses for CASS grades were transformed into median, coefficient of variation and percentiles.Results  High rater agreement (≥75%) was observed for Leeds facial inflammatory 2 (CASS 3), 4 (CASS 4), 6 (CASS 4), 9–12 (all CASS 5); Leeds facial comedonal A (CASS 2); Leeds chest 7 and 8 (both CASS 5); and Leeds back 7 and 8 (both CASS 5). Lowest coefficients of variance were observed in Leeds facial inflammatory 4, 9, 10, 11; Leeds facial comedonal A; Leeds chest 7 and 8; and Leeds back 8.Conclusions Leeds photos, by inadequately portraying facial acne grades 1 (almost clear) and 2 (mild) and back and chest grades 1–4 (almost clear to severe), cannot accurately represent the spectrum of severity in a six‐category global acne scale. Accordingly, there is a current need for images that correspond to a categorical acne scale.
Incidence and outcomes of pregnancy‐associated cancer in Australia, 1994–2008: a population‐based linkage study
Authors: Lee YY , Roberts CL , Dobbins T , Stavrou E , Black K , Morris J , Young J 
Published: August 2012

Please cite this paper as: Lee Y, Roberts C, Dobbins T, Stavrou E, Black K, Morris J, Young J. Incidence and outcomes of pregnancy‐associated cancer in Australia, 1994–2008: a population‐based linkage study. BJOG 2012;119:1572–1582.Objective  To determine trends in pregnancy‐associated cancer and associations between maternal cancer and pregnancy outcomes.Design  Population‐based cohort study.Setting  New South Wales, Australia, 1994–2008.Population  A total of 781 907 women and their 1 309 501 maternities.Methods  Cancer and maternal information were obtained from linked cancer registry, birth and hospital records for the entire population. Generalised estimating equations with a logit link were used to examine associations between cancer risk factors and pregnancy outcomes.Main outcome measures  Incidence of pregnancy‐associated cancer (diagnosis during pregnancy or within 12 months of delivery), maternal morbidities, preterm birth, and small‐ and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA).Results  A total of 1798 new cancer diagnoses were identified, including 499 during pregnancy and 1299 postpartum. From 1994 to 2007, the crude incidence rate of pregnancy‐associated cancer increased from 112.3 to 191.5 per 100 000 maternities (P < 0.001), and only 14% of the increase was explained by increasing maternal age. Cancer diagnosis was more common than expected in women aged 15–44 years (observed‐to‐expected ratio 1.49; 95% CI 1.42–1.56). Cancers were predominantly melanoma (33.3%) and breast cancer (21.0%). Women with cancer diagnosed during pregnancy had high rates of labour induction (28.5%), caesarean section (40.0%) and planned preterm birth (19.7%). Novel findings included a cancer association with multiple pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.13–2.05) and LGA (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.14–1.89).Conclusions  Pregnancy‐associated cancers have increased, and this increase is only partially explained by increasing maternal age. Pregnancy increases women’s interaction with health services and the possibility for diagnosis, but may also influence tumour growth.
Women’s perception of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction and their help‐seeking behaviour: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Buurman Mirella Bouwina Rebecca , Lagro‐Janssen Antoinette Leonarda Maria 
Published: August 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 406–413

Women’s perception of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction and their help‐seeking behaviour: a qualitative interview study
Aims:  To explore women’s perception of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction and their help‐seeking behaviour.Methods:  We interviewed 26 patients from two family practitioners’ populations in the Netherlands 1 month to 1 year after their vaginal delivery. The semi‐structured interviews were independently encoded and analysed by three researchers according to a scoring list on determined topics. Three researchers independently coded themes discussed by the interviewees that matched main topics from the interview guide. In the case of encoding differences, the researchers deliberated on them until consensus was reached.Findings:  All women suffered from pelvic floor dysfunction such as urinary incontinence, pelvic floor pain, prolapse, haemorrhoids, anal fissure, constipation and dyspareunia. Midwives and gynaecologists did not prepare them for postpartum pelvic floor problems. The women did not expect the problems to be that severe. They hoped their problems would improve by themselves. The women talked to close initiates (female relatives and friends who had had deliveries themselves), who confirmed that the problems were an inevitable consequence of vaginal delivery and that there were no real treatment options. The women indicated they needed professional information about their pelvic floor problems but were ashamed to talk about them outside their inner circle.Conclusions:  These women are uninformed about postpartum pelvic floor problems. They discuss their pelvic floor dysfunction with close initiates who feed their hope that the problems will resolve spontaneously. The women are not stimulated to seek professional help. However, the women do indicate they need professional information. They want to understand their problems and know how to deal with them. It is time for doctors and midwives to focus on the mother’s health after delivery so that mothers will suffer less from pelvic floor problems, have more awareness of what they can do about them and call in medical aid.
Anxiety and depression following pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Bentsen Signe Berit , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Henriksen Anne Hildur , Rokne Berit , Wahl Astrid Klopstad 
Published: August 2012

Aim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate changes and predictive factors of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) before and up to 3 months after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).Methods:  A single group longitudinal design of patients with COPD underwent a PR programme. The measurements took place at baseline (T1: N = 100), immediately before (T2: N = 66), immediately after (T3: N = 54) and 3 months after (T4: N = 43) the programme. The programme was a 6‐week outpatient programme, including education, psychosocial support and training sessions. Anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, self‐efficacy by the COPD self‐efficacy scale, lung function by spirometry and exercise capacity by incremental shuttle walking test. Mixed effect model analyses were used.Results:  Results showed a tendency of less anxiety and depression immediately after (T3) compared with immediately before (T2) the PR programme, but the changes were not significant. Results also showed that female reported significantly more anxiety than male (p = 0.019), better exercise capacity predicted significantly less depression (p = 0.049), and higher self‐efficacy predicted both significantly less anxiety (p = 0.001) and less depression (p = 0.005).Conclusions:  A tendency of less anxiety and depression during the PR programme was found, but the changes were not significant. Higher level of self‐efficacy and better exercise capacity are suggested to relieve anxiety and depression.
Evidence for iron‐mediated anaerobic methane oxidation in a crude oil‐contaminated aquifer
Authors: Amos R. T. , Bekins B. A. , Cozzarelli I. M. , Voytek M. A. , Kirshtein J. D. , Jones E. J. P. , Blowes D. W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn a methanogenic crude oil contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota, the decrease in dissolved CH4 concentrations along the groundwater flow path, along with the positive shift in δ13CCH4 and negative shift in δ13CDIC, is indicative of microbially mediated CH4 oxidation. Calculations of electron acceptor transport across the water table, through diffusion, recharge, and the entrapment and release of gas bubbles, suggest that these processes can account for at most 15% of the observed total reduced carbon oxidation, including CH4. In the anaerobic plume, the characteristic Fe(III)‐reducing genus Geobacter was the most abundant of the microbial groups tested, and depletion of labile sediment iron is observed over time, confirming that reduced carbon oxidation coupled to iron reduction is an important process. Electron mass balance calculations suggest that organic carbon sources in the aquifer, BTEX and non‐volatile dissolved organic carbon, are insufficient to account for the loss in sediment Fe(III), implying that CH4 oxidation may also be related to Fe(III) reduction. The results support a hypothesis of Fe(III)‐mediated CH4 oxidation in the contaminated aquifer.
The C5a receptor antagonist PMX205 ameliorates experimentally induced colitis associated with increased IL‐4 and IL‐10
Authors: Jain U , Woodruff TM , Stadnyk AW 
Published: August 2012

Background and PurposeAnti‐complement therapies have not been advanced for treating the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) despite a growing body of evidence that blocking C5a protects against induced colitis in rodents. The purpose of this study was to further build on this evidence by examining the efficacy, mechanism and specificity of a potent, non‐competitive and orally active C5a receptor (CD88) antagonist, PMX205, in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of murine innate colitis.Experimental ApproachMice with DSS added to their drinking water were orally administered 100 or 200 μg day−1 PMX205 in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens. Clinical illness, colon histology and local generation of inflammatory mediators were measured to evaluate the impact of PMX205 on disease.Key ResultsPMX205 significantly prevented DSS‐induced colon inflammation in both regimens, associated with lower pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and nitrotyrosine staining in colon sections. Additionally, the levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐10 were increased. PMX205 had no significant effect on C5a levels. The beneficial effect of PMX205 was seen in two strains of mice of differing sensitivities to DSS inflammation, but was inactive in mice lacking CD88.Conclusions and ImplicationsPharmacological inhibition of C5a activity by PMX205 is efficacious in preventing DSS‐induced colitis, providing further evidence that targeting CD88 in IBD patients could be a valuable therapeutic option.
Retrospective Analysis of Dental Implants Placed and Restored by Advanced Prosthodontic Residents
Authors: Barias Pamela A. , Lee Damian J. , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun , Sukotjo Cortino , Campbell Stephen D. , Knoernschild Kent L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purposes of this retrospective clinical review were to: (1) describe the demographics of implant patients, types of implant treatment and implant‐supported prostheses in an Advanced Education in Prosthodontic Program, (2) evaluate the survival rate of dental implants placed by prosthodontic residents from 2006 to 2008, and (3) analyze the relationship between resident year of training and implant survival rate.Material and Methods: All patients who received dental implants placed by prosthodontic residents from January 2006 to October of 2008 in the Advanced Prosthodontic Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry were selected for this study. Age, gender, implant diameter, length, implant locations, surgical and restorative detail, and year of prosthodontic residency training were collected and analyzed. Life‐table and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed based on implants overall, locations, year of training, and use of a computer‐generated surgical guide. A Logrank statistic was performed between implant survival and year of prosthodontic residency training, location, and use of computer‐generated surgical guide (α= 0.05).Results: Three hundred and six implants were placed, and of these, seven failed. Life‐table and Kaplan–Meier analyses computed a cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 97% for overall implants and implants placed with a computer‐generated surgical guide. No statistical difference was found in implant survival rates as a function of year of training (P= 0.85).Conclusion: Dental implants placed by prosthodontic residents had a CSR comparable to previously published studies by other specialties. The year of prosthodontic residency training and implant failure rate did not have any significant relationship.
High‐Level Gait Disorder: Associations with Specific White Matter Changes Observed on Advanced Diffusion Imaging
Authors: Kafri Michal , Sasson Efrat , Assaf Yaniv , Balash Yaacov , Aiznstein Orna , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Giladi Nir 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEHigh‐level gait disorder (HLGD) is a debilitating disorder causing mobility decline in the elderly. Although its clinical characteristics are well described, its anatomical and pathophysiological underpinnings are poorly understood. This study examined the anatomical distribution of white matter (WM) changes in patients with mild to moderate HLGD of the cautious/disequilibrium type, using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods.METHODSThirteen patients with HLGD, 9 elderly and 13 middle‐aged healthy controls were scanned using diffusion tensor imaging, Q‐space imaging, and conventional MRI. The regions of significant differences between the HLGD group and the elderly control group were defined, and the mean fractional anisotropy and displacement values of these areas were extracted.RESULTSThe HLGD patients had lower fractional anisotropy and higher displacement values in regions related to the motor system, including those along the corticospinal tract and the superior cerebellar peduncles, as well as in cognitive and affective‐related areas, including the anterior limbs of the internal capsule and the genu of the corpus callosum.CONCLUSIONSThe anatomical distribution associated with HLGD of the cautious/disequilibrium type involves WM pathways that convey motor‐related, cognitive and affective‐related functions. The underlying pathological process leading to these changes most probably includes demyelination.
MRI‐Based Brain Structure Volumes in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients and their Unaffected Siblings: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Scanlon Cathy , Ronan Lisa , Doherty Colin P. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Tirupati Sandya , Alhusaini Saud , Maguire Sinead , Delanty Norman , Iyer Parameswaran M. , Chaila Elijah , Fitzsimons Mary 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONInvestigating the heritability of brain structure may be useful in simplifying complicated genetic studies in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). A preliminary study is presented to determine if volume deficits of candidate brain structures present at a higher rate in unaffected siblings than controls subjects.METHODST1‐weighted MR images was acquired for 28 TLE patients, a same‐sex unaffected sibling of 12 of these and 28 normal controls. Selected brain structure volumes were measured using an automated whole brain segmentation technique. Candidate brain structure endophenotypes were determined and group differences were investigated between (1) controls and patients and (2) controls and siblings. ICC's were used to measure the quantitative volumetric association within each sibling pair.RESULTSTLE patients demonstrated a significantly lower cerebral white matter, bilateral hippocampus, thalamus, and left entorhinal cortex volumes when compared with controls. A significant deficit in cerebral white matter (CWM) was common to patient and nonaffected siblings when compared with controls. Furthermore, a significant correlation was revealed between patients and siblings in CWM and bilateral thalamus.CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest an overlap in the neurodevelopmental genes responsible for both brain structure and the expression of the disease. Further work is ongoing to confirm these findings.
Reversible Splenial Lesion in Postpartum Cerebral Angiopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Takahashi Yoshinobu , Hashimoto Naoya , Tokoroyama Hiroki , Yamauchi Shigeru , Nakasato Matsuyoshi , Kondo Kimito , Nitta Kazumi , Ide Wataru , Hashimoto Ikuo , Kamada Hajime 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTReversible lesions on magnetic resonance imaging that transiently restrict diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) without any other accompanying lesions have been reported in various clinical conditions. We offer the first report of postpartum cerebral angiopathy with reversible SCC lesions.
Black Blood MRI in Suspected Large Artery Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Pfefferkorn Thomas , Linn Jennifer , Habs Maximilian , Opherk Christina , Cyran Clemens , Ottomeyer Caroline , Straube Andreas , Dichgans Martin , Nikolaou Konstantin , Saam Tobias 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESSingle case reports suggest that black blood MRI (T1‐weighted fat and blood suppressed sequences with and without contrast injection; BB‐MRI) may visualize intracranial vessel wall contrast enhancement (CE) in primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS). In this single‐center observational pilot study we prospectively investigated the value of BB‐MRI in the diagnosis of large artery PACNS.METHODSPatients with suspected large artery PACNS received a standardized diagnostic program including BB‐MRI. Vessel wall CE was graded (grade 0‐2) by two experienced readers blinded to clinical data and correlated to the final diagnosis.RESULTSFour of 12 included patients received a final diagnosis of PACNS. All of them showed moderate (grade 1) to strong (grade 2) vessel wall CE at the sites of stenosis. A moderate (grade 1) vessel wall CE grade was also observed in 6 of the remaining 8 patients in whom alternative diagnoses were made: arteriosclerotic disease (n= 4), intracranial dissection (n= 1), and Moyamoya disease (n= 1).CONCLUSIONSOur pilot study demonstrates that vessel wall CE is a frequent finding in PACNS and its mimics. Larger trials will be necessary to evaluate the utility of BB‐MRI in the diagnostic workup of PACNS.
Extending Communication for Patients with Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Liang Xingwen , Kuhlmann Levin , Johnston Leigh A. , Grayden David B. , Vogrin Simon , Crossley Rosemary , Fuller Karen , Lourensz Mark , Cook Mark J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe difficulty of distinguishing disorders of consciousness from certain disorders of communication leads to the possibility of false diagnosis. Our aim is to communicate with patients with disorders of consciousness through asking them to answer questions with “yes/no” by performing mental imagery tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).METHODSA 1.5 T fMRI study with 5 patients and a control group is presented. Speech comprehension, mental imagery, and question–answer tests were performed.RESULTSThe imagery task of mental calculation produced equally distinct activation patterns when compared to navigation and motor imagery in controls. For controls, we could infer answers to questions based on imagery activations. Two patients produced activations in similar areas to controls for certain imagery tasks, however, no activations were observed for the question–answer task.CONCLUSIONSThe results from 2 patients provide independent support of similar work by others with 3 T fMRI, and demonstrate broader clinical utility for these tests at 1.5 T despite lower signal‐to‐noise ratio. Based on the control results, mental calculation adds a robust imagery task for use in future studies of this kind.
BDNF‐mediated migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells is impaired during ageing
Authors: Cao Liang , Zhang Liang , Chen Siyun , Yuan Ziqiang , Liu Shaokun , Shen Xiaotao , Zheng Xin , Qi Xufeng , Lee Kenneth K.H. , Chan John Yeuk‐Hon , Cai Dongqing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study indicates that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote young cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) to migrate via the activation of the BDNF‐TrkB‐FL‐PI3K/Akt pathway, which may benefit angiogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the ageing of CMECs led to changes in the expression of receptor Trk isoforms in that among the three isoforms (TrkB‐FL, TrkB‐T1 and TrkB‐T2), only one of its truncated isoforms, TrkB‐T1, continued to be expressed, which leads to the dysfunction of its ligand, a decrease in the migration of CMECs and increased injury in ageing hearts. This shift in receptor isoforms in aged CMECs, together with changes in the ageing microenvironment, might predispose ageing hearts to decreased angiogenic potential and increased cardiac pathology.
Accuracy and reliability of fetal heart rate monitoring using maternal abdominal surface electrodes
Authors: COHEN WAYNE R. , OMMANI SOPHIA , HASSAN SARMINA , MIRZA FADI G. , SOLOMON MOLHAM , BROWN RAYMOND , SCHIFRIN BARRY S. , HIMSWORTH JOHN M. , HAYES‐GILL BARRIE R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective. Compare the accuracy and reliability of fetal heart rate identification from maternal abdominal fetal electrocardiogram signals (ECG) and Doppler ultrasound with a fetal scalp electrode. Design. Prospective open method equivalence study. Setting. Three urban teaching hospitals in the Northeast United States. Sample. 75 women with normal pregnancies in labor at >37 weeks of gestation. Methods. Three fetal heart rate detection methods were used simultaneously in 75 parturients. The fetal scalp electrode was the standard against which abdominal fetal ECG and ultrasound were judged. Main outcome measures. The positive percent agreement with the fetal scalp electrode indicated reliability. Bland–Altman analysis determined accuracy. The confusion rate indicated how frequently the devices tracked the maternal heart rate. Results. Positive percent agreement was 81.7 and 73% for the abdominal fetal ECG and ultrasound, respectively (p = 0.002). The abdominal fetal ECG had a lower root mean square error than ultrasound (5.2 vs. 10.6 bpm, p < 0.001). The confusion rate for ultrasound was 20‐fold higher than for abdominal ECG (8.9 vs. 0.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Compared with the fetal scalp electrode, fetal heart rate detection using abdominal fetal ECG was more reliable and accurate than ultrasound, and abdominal fetal ECG was less likely than ultrasound to display the maternal heart rate in place of the fetal heart rate.