bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Enzymatic Activity Through Co-Immobilization of Protease and Lipase Enzymes on Magnetic Nano-Iron Oxides Coated with Gum Arabic
Authors: Aldhalemi Murtadha Aabdulhasan , Shanshool Azhar Jawad , Taha Ali A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this research, an easy method was followed for the co-immobilization of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles to enhance the enzymatic activity. These oxides were obtained from Sky Spring Nanomaterials (U.S.A.) with a size of 30 nm, it was coated with gum arabic at a ratio of 0.05 mg/l of distilled water and the surface activation process was carried out using the binder glutaraldehyde at a concentration of 5%, then the lipase and protease enzymes prepared from Solarbio (China) and isolated from the Aspergillus niger mold. These enymes were restricted to the nanoparticles coated with gum arabic and activated with the binder at pH (7) and temperature 37°C. The immobilization efficiency of lipase and protease enzymes on these particles was (130, 108.86)% respectively. The effect of free and immobilized enzymes on the hydrolysis of fats and proteins was studied. The percentage of hydrolysis of fats and proteins was (3494.6, 2450.53) U/mg, respectively, for the immobilized enzymes on nanoparticles, and (2688, 2250.1) U/mg, respectively) for the free ones.
Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecium Bacteria From the Vaginal Cavity of Local Ewes and Study of some of their Antagonistic Properties Against Types of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Shallal Entisar Nadhim , Asker Audai Sabah , Yaseen Ali Ameen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate and identify species of the Enterococcus genus from twelve healthy female sheep in college of agriculture – university of Anbar, western regions of Iraq, and to investigate their growth patterns and biochemical characteristics. Nine isolates of this bacteria were obtained from healthy ewes In the Al-Dawwara area, 10 km west of Ramadi by vaginal swabs. All isolates exhibited growth in MRS-broth, resulting in the formation of a precipitate at the tube’s bottom. Additionally, the isolates displayed the formation of tiny, spindle-shaped, cream-colored colonies when cultivated on MRS-agar medium. The isolates were seen under a microscope and found to be very short rods. They were Gram-positive and either grouped in pairs or found individually. The biochemical tests yielded negative findings for the catalase and oxidase tests, indicating the absence of these enzymes. Additionally, the organism had no capacity to synthesize Indole from tryptophan. The isolates exhibited no growth at 15°C, whereas they demonstrated successful growth at 45°C. The isolates also demonstrated their capacity to thrive in elevated levels of NaCl, with concentrations as high as 6.5%. The sugar fermentation results demonstrated that all isolates exhibited the ability to ferment fructose, glucose, melibiose, silybiose, and sucrose, but did not create any gas. The isolates also demonstrated their capacity to suppress several strains of pathogenic bacteria by the utilization of the hole diffusion method. The genetic study results indicate that all isolates are classified as Enterococcus faecium species.
Effect of Supplementation Selenium and Vitamin E To Diet Contains Fats on Carcass Traits and Blood Parameters of Broiler
Authors: Ali Ahmed Mazen , Younis Duraid Thonnon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the University of Mosul/College of Agriculture and Forestry in the poultry fields affiliated with the Department of Animal Production. The study period extended 42 days from 5 /11 /2022 until 17 / 12 /2022. Its aim was to demonstrate the effect of adding vitamin E and selenium to a diet containing fats on carcass traits and blood parameter of broiler. This study used 240 one-day-old, unsexed broiler chicks of the Rose 308 type. The experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment (control T1) was fed with a standard diet without tallow, without oil, and devoid of vitamin E And selenium) as for the second treatment (adding 4% sunflower oil + 250 mg vitamin E/kg feed + 0.4 mg selenium/kg feed) and the third treatment (adding 4% beef tallow + 250 mg vitamin E/kg feed + 0.4 mg selenium/kg feed) either The fourth treatment (a mixture of 2% oil and 2% tallow + 250 mg vitamin E/kg feed + 0.4 mg selenium/kg feed) showed a significant increase in dressing percentage for T3, and a significant increase in Malondialdehyde for T1, and No significant difference in body weight at slaughter, Weight of carcass, Immunoglobulin G, Triglyceride, Neck, Wings, Back, Thighs and Breast, and there was significant decrease in Cholesterol for T1.
The Effect of Breeding System and Sex on Some Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quail
Authors: Torki Hiba Muzahem , Abdullah Al-Tikriti Samawal Sadi , Manhee Al-Kaisi Haitham Rajab 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to illustrate the impact of the breeding method and the gender of the birds on quail corpses. A total of 60 quail birds, consisting of 30 females and 30 males, aged 30 days, were utilized for this investigation. The birds were reared in two distinct systems: the first being the cage system and the second being the floor system. Each room was allocated for the separate accommodation of females and boys. At the conclusion of the trial, a total of 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females) from each system were euthanized in order to analyze the features of their carcasses. The results indicated that there was a significant superiority of the birds raised on the floor in the characteristics of carcass weight and the relative weight of the neck compared to the birds raised in cages, while no significant difference appeared for the effect of the rearing system. In the live body weight, the percentage of cleansing, and the relative weight of the thigh, wing, chest, back, and head. As for the effect of sex, a significant superiority was observed for females over males in the trait of live body weight, while males were superior to females in the trait of shedding ratio and relative weight of the back, and no significant difference appeared between males and females in the rest of the traits studied, while the effect of the interaction showed a significant superiority for females bred in Both systems compared to males in terms of live body weight, while males and females raised on the floor excelled in carcass weight compared to males raised in cages. A significant superiority was also observed for males raised in both systems in terms of mating ratio compared to females raised in cages and the floor, and males raised in cages excelled. In both systems, females raised in cages were superior to the relative weight of the back, while females raised in cages were superior to the relative weight of the neck to both sexes raised on the floor, and the interaction effect did not have any significant effect on the relative weight of the thigh, wing, chest, and head. We conclude from this that birds raised on the floor recorded a higher carcass weight than birds raised in cages, and males recorded a higher percentage of slaughter than females.
Comparing the Effect of Adding Local Anemone coronaria Flower Powder and Vitamin C on the Physiological Characteristics and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens Exposed to Heat Stress in Summer
Authors: Abed Al-Khayyat Mohammed Fadhil , Shanoon Ammar Qahtan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The addition of local Anemone coronaria flower powder and vitamin C to the feed and its effect on the physiological characteristics and antioxidant status of laying hens raised in the summer and exposed to heat stress was studied. The study was conducted in the poultry fields/ College of Agriculture/ University of Kirkuk for (84) days for the period from 9/7/2023 until 30/9/2023, which included a (14) day preparatory period, using in the study (120) Lohmann Brown birds at the age of (30) weeks. The birds were randomly distributed into (6) treatments with (5) replicates for each replicate (4) birds, where the treatment was T1: basal diet free of any additives, T2: basal diet with adding 250 mg/kg of vitamin C, T3: basal diet with adding 2 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder, T4: basal diet with adding 4 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder, T5: basal diet with adding 2 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder and 250 mg/kg of vitamin C, T6: basal diet with adding 4 g/kg of Anemone coronaria flower powder and 250 mg/kg of vitamin C, Statistical analysis of the results of the study showed, at a significant level (P≤0.01), that there were significant differences. The highest concentration of uric acid was recorded in treatment T1 (7.2) mg/dL and the lowest concentration in treatment T6 (1.8) mg/dL. As for glucose, treatment T1 recorded the highest concentration (225.6) mg/dL and the lowest concentration in treatment T6 (208.4) mg/dL. As for cholesterol, treatment T1 had a concentration of (142.4) mg/dL and the lowest concentration in treatments T5 and T6 (85.4). and 76.6 mg/dL, respectively. No significant differences were observed in total protein concentration between the treatments. As for antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) recorded the highest concentration in treatment T6 (5.11) µmol /L and the lowest concentration in treatment T1 (0.35) µmol /L. As for malondialdehyde (MDA), its lowest concentration was recorded in treatment T6 (0.98) µmol/L. It is noted from the results of the experiment that the additions of Anemone coronaria flower powder and vitamin C led to a reduction in the effects of heat stress that affects birds when they are exposed to high temperatures in the summer, and thus the positive effect was clear on the improvement of physiological characteristics and the state of antioxidants, and thus an improvement in the health of the birds.
Effect of Adding Red Chili Pepper Powder Capsicum Annuum and Synthetic Methionine DL-Methionine in the Feed on some Productive Traits of Broilers Ross308
Authors: Jassim Latief Nsaif , Kadhim Mohammed Jard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in the poultry hall of the Department of Animal Production Technologies, Al-Musayyib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University for the period from 9/17/2023 until 10/22/2023 to study the effect of using different levels of red Chili pepper Capsicum annuum and the essential amino acid synthetic methionine DL- Methionine in some productive traits of broilers. The research used 525 Ross 308 broiler chicks, one day old and with a starting weight of 43 grams, which lasted for five weeks. The chicks were distributed randomly and equally into seven treatments. Each treatment included 75 chicks, with three replicates (25 chicks/replicate). The chicks in this experiment were fed two diets, the first the starter diet from the age of 1-21 days, while the chicks were fed the finisher diet from the age of 22-35 days (the end of the experiment). The treatments were distributed as follows: the first treatment, T1, fed the chicks on a basic diet (control treatment). The second treatment, T2, was fed on a basic diet with red chili powder added at an average of (0.50 g/kg feed). In the third treatment, T3, the chicks were fed a basic ration with red chili powder added at an average of (0.75 gm/kg feed), the fourth treatment T4 chicks were fed a ration with red chili powder added at an average of (1 g/kg feed), and the fifth treatment T5 chicks were fed a basic ration added. It contains synthetic methionine at an average of (0.50 g/kg of feed). As for the sixth treatment, T6, its chicks were fed a basic diet to which synthetic methionine was added at an average of (0.75 gm/kg of feed), and the seventh treatment, T7, fed its chicks on a basic diet to which synthetic methionine was added at an average of (1 g). /kg feed). The results of the research showed that there was a significantly excelled(P<0.01) in the productive traits represented by live body weight, weekly weight gain, feed consumption rate, feed conversion ratio, and the qualitative traits of the carcass represented by the dressing percentage and relative growth rate in favor of the treatments to which red chili powder was added, especially the added treatment. To it (1 g/kg feed red Chili pepper powder) compared to the control treatment, and there was a noticeable improvement in the treatments for adding synthetic methionine, especially in the treatment with (1 g/kg synthetic methionine added), but it did not rise to the level achieved by the treatments adding red Chili pepper powder.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cattle Genetic Populations in Some Cities of the Middle Al-Furat in Iraq Using Microsatellite Data
Authors: Hadi Ruqaya Gani , Alnajm Hayder Raheem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the genetic variation of the Iraqi local cattle breeds in the Middle Al-Furat in Iraq. Ten microsatellite markers were used to estimate parameters of genetic variation. Genotypes of 60 animals from each of the three cities (Babylon, Karbala, and Najaf) were analysed for genetic diversity and genetic distance. The results showed overall mean observed (Na) and expected numbers (No) of alleles were found to be (7±1.56), and (5.22±1.31), respectively. The mean Shannon’s information index (I) and Polymorphism information content (PIC) values were found to be 1.75 ± 0.24 and 0.70 ± 0.02, respectively. The mean observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity per locus values were found to be 0.56 ± 0.10 and 0.80 ± 0.04, respectively. The mean expected heterozygosity (Nei) and fixation index (Fis) were found to be 0.79 ± 0.04 and 0.28 ± 0.02, respectively. The mean F-statistics (FIS, FIT, and FST) and were found to be 0.272, 0.293 and 0.029, respectively.
Effect of Adding Fruit Powder (Brassica oleracea L.) to the Diet of Broiler Breeder Males on Some Biochemical and Reproductive Traits
Authors: Nasser Al-Zalzal Aqeel Hajim , Ali Emad Abdul-Jabbar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of adding various levels of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa. L) Powder to the diet of Ross 308 broiler breeder males on certain biochemical characteristics in blood serum, seminal plasma, fertility traits, and hatchability traits for two consecutive hatchings. Twenty-five roosters at 45 weeks of age were distributed among five treatments, with each treatment consisting of 5 replicates, where each replicate had one rooster. All replicates were subjected to identical conditions of nutrition, temperature, and lighting. Seventy-five broiler breeder hens of the same strain and age were used for artificial insemination with rooster semen. These hens were divided into five treatments, with 15 hens per treatment. Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa. L) Powder was added to the roosters’ feed as follows: T1 - 5 mg 100 g−1 feed, T2 - 10 mg100 g−1 g feed, T3 - 15 mg100 g−1 g feed, T4 - 20 mg100 g−1 feed, and T5 - control (no addition). The aim was to study changes in the activity of certain reproductive hormones in blood serum, as well as some antioxidant enzymes in sperm plasma. The results indicated a clear improvement in the antioxidant status in the addition treatments compared to the control group, manifested by an increase in catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels and a decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, there was an improvement in testosterone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels, accompanied by a significant enhancement in fertility and hatchability traits. We conclude from this study that some of the active substances found in Kohlrabi fruit powder have the ability to improve the reproductive hormone activity in the serum of mature broiler breeder roosters, with improved antioxidants in seminal plasma, and improve fertility and hatchability rates.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Euterpe oleracea (Açaí) Fruit to the Diet of Laying Hens on the Volume of Ejaculate, Sperm Motility and Some Histological Characteristics
Authors: Abdul Amir Ola Hussein , Ali Emad Abdulgabbar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry field, College of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University for the period from December 1, 2022, to February 22, 2023, with aim to investigate the impact of adding different levels of Açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea) to the diet of laying hens on the reproductive performance of roosters, specifically focusing on volume of ejaculate, Sperm motility, and Histological characteristics. The experiment used 25 roosters from brown Lohman laying hens at the age of 65 weeks. The birds were randomly divided into five treatments, each consisting of 5 roosters with five replicates per treatment, with each replicate representing one rooster. The experimental treatments were as follows (Control without addition, addition of 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg of Açaí fruit) for treatments T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The experiment continued for four periods, with each period lasting one week. The following results were obtained during the study period: A significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in most treatments compared to the control treatment in the ejaculate volume. Additionally, a significant improvement was found in sperm motility. As for some histological characteristics, significant differences (P < 0.05) were evident in the relative weight of interstitial tissue components in Leydig cells and muscular cells. The fourth treatment showed significant superiority compared to the control treatment, while the first, second, and third treatments did not differ significantly from each other. On the other hand, we note that the addition of açaí fruits to the diet led to a significant decrease in the relative weight of the interstitial spaces and intertubular distances in the third and fourth treatments compared to the control treatment. No significant differences were recorded in the relative weight of the seminiferous tubule lumen, basement membrane, and blood vessels.
Effect of Using Ground Anise Seeds with Ground Pomegranate Peels on some Productive and Physiological Traits After Parturition of Local Female Goats
Authors: Kadhim Rafid J. , Ahmed Adnan J. , Farhood Riyadh K. , Talib Douaa Y. , Obaid Qaysar A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Animal Production Department that, belongs to the College of Agriculture / Sumer University, for the purpose of investigating the effect of using ground anise seeds with/or ground pomegranate peels on some productive and physiological traits after birth for local female goats, for the period from 12/1/2021 to 12/4 /2021, in which 16 local female goats were used with their offspring of similar ages and weights, distributed randomly to four treatments, with four animals per group (4 animals/group). (T1), The first treatment group (control) which was fed on the normal ration without any addition, (T2), the second treatment group which was fed on the normal ration with the addition of 0.5% ground pomegranate peels to the ration, (T3), the third treatment group which was fed On the regular ration with the addition of 0.5% ground anise seeds to the ration, (T4), the fourth treatment group, which was fed on the normal ration, with the addition of 0.5% ground pomegranate peels and 0.5% ground anise seeds to the ration. The results indicated that weight gain showed a clear significant difference of the pomegranate group (T2) and the pomegranate and anise group (T4) compared to the control group (T1) for some periods of the study. As for the results of RBCS, it showed a significant difference of the groups (T3) and (T4) over the other groups for the third month only. The results of PCV showed a clear significant difference of all groups compared to control (T1) group for the most months. As for the results of hemoglobin (Hb), it was shown that all groups of the experiment were significantly superior to the control group (T1) in all periods except the second month, While, the results of (WBCs) showed a significant variation for the (T1) group over all groups in the first and third months, as well as for the (T2) group, showed a significant variation over the two groups (T3) and (T4) for the first month, as well as group (T3) significantly superior to group (T2) and (T4) at the third month. The results of (B%) showed a significant superiority of the (T1) group over all groups in all months of the experiment. As for the average daily milk production of mother goats, it was found that the (T1), (T3) and (T4) groups were significantly higher to the (T1) group in most months of the experiment. As for the acidity %, all groups outperformed the (T1) group during the most months of the experiment. As for the percentage of fat, the control group was significantly superior to all groups in the first month of the experiment, while the other groups were significantly superior to the first group with progressing month of the experiment. As for the non-fatty solids, all groups showed superiority significantly over the control group at the most periods of the experiments.
Changes in Body Weights and Gross Anatomy of Physiological Organs of Feed-Restricted Broilers Fed Diet with Organic Selenium and Iraqi Protein Concentrate 6×1
Authors: Kareem Dalal Sabah , Abdulsahib Al-Shammari Karrar Imad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many physiological organs are increasingly susceptible to stressors arising from environmental management or nutritional factors. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of two proposed strategies of feed restriction (FR) along with dietary supplementation of organic selenium (OS) and Iraqi protein concentrate 6×1 (IPC) on body weight (BW) and cross anatomy of selected visceral organs in broiler chickens. Totally, 420 one day-old chicks Ross 308 were used and randomly distributed into 7 treatments (60 chicks per treatment) with 3 equal replicates each. In control (T1), birds were fed ad libitum without dietary additives and birds in treatment of T2, T3 and T4 were fed quantitative FR (40%) without feed additives, with adding 0.8 mg OS and 25 g IPC per kg of diet, respectively whereas the birds in treatments of T5, T6 and T7 were fed temporal FR (12 hours/day) without feed additives, with adding 0.8 mg OS and 25 g IPC per kg diet, respectively. All birds were reared for 35 days and from 2nd till 3th week of age all birds were exposed to FR regimes with feed additives and then were freely fed without dietary additives from 4th-5th week of age in the compensatory growth phase. 3 unsexed birds closed to the average BW of experimental treatments were chosen from each replicate in treatment (no=9 per treatment) and were used for evaluation cross anatomy. The results revealed that T5, T6 and T7 maintain (p≤0.05) BW at 3th and 5 weeks. Bigger relative weight of liver (p≤0.05) was in T3 and T4 at 3th weeks with recorded reduction in abdominal fat was in T3, T4 and T6 at 6 weeks. No differences among all groups regarding to relative weights of adrenal gland, heart, pancreas, kidneys and lungs and relative length of small and large intestines and density of large intestine at 3 and 5 weeks. Generally, temporal FR followed by quantitative FR successed to maintain relative weight and lengths of each particular gastrointestinal tract (GIT) part starting from esophagus till rectum in relation to weight of BW or GIT and length of GIT depending on feed supplement. In conclusion, each treatment has its own specific mode of action to induce significant change or stability without deleterious impact on relative weights and lengths of organs especially in feed restricted diets with supplementation of OS or IPC after termination FR and compensatory growth at 3 and 5 weeks, respectively.