bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tridentate Aryloxy‐Based Titanium Catalysts towards Ethylene Oligomerization and Polymerization
Authors: Audouin Hugo , Bellini Rosalba , Magna Lionel , Mézailles Nicolas , Olivier‐Bourbigou Hélène 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA series of tridentate aryloxy‐based ligands were synthesized and characterized for their coordination behaviour towards TiIV. Coordination studies revealed that the nature of the central atom (amine vs. ether) and the type of bridging spacer (aromatic vs. aliphatic) are important aryloxy ligand parameters and influence the ligand coordination mode and the formation of stable titanium complexes. This series of titanium complexes were evaluated in ethylene oligomerization and polymerization after activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO) and showed the preferential formation of polyethylene. In some cases, the formation of a small amount of 1‐hexene suggests the existence of several catalytic centres in the reaction mixture.
Facile Large‐Scale Synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐Carboxyfluoresceins: Application for the Preparation of New Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Hammershøj Peter , Kumar E. K. Pramod , Harris Pernille , Andresen Thomas L. , Clausen Mads H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA series of fluorescein dyes have been prepared from a common precursor through a very simple synthetic procedure, giving access to important precursors for fluorescent probes. The method has proven an efficient access to regioisomerically pure 5‐ and 6‐carboxyfluoresceins on a large scale, in good yields, and with high regioisomeric purity. Furthermore, we have applied the method to the development of a new type of mixed fluorescein derivatives of 5‐carboxyfluorescein. We have demonstrated the scope of the procedure by synthesizing a new type of double chromophore within the fluoro‐Jade family.
Effects of insular stimulation on thermal nociception
Authors: Denis D.J. , Marouf R. , Rainville P. , Bouthillier A. , Nguyen D.K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundElectrical stimulation used for brain mapping in the postero‐superior insula can evoke pain. The effects of prolonged high frequency insular stimulation on pain thresholds are unknown.Objective/HypothesisProlonged high frequency insular stimulation, by virtue of its inhibitory properties on networks, could decrease thermal nociception.MethodsEpileptic subjects had electrodes implanted in the insular cortex for the purpose of epileptic focus resection. Thermal and pressure nociceptive thresholds were tested bilaterally on the forearm on two consecutive days. Randomly assigned double‐blind high frequency (150 Hz) insular stimulation took place for 10 min before pain testing either on the first day or on the second day.ResultsSix subjects (three females; mean age of 35 years) were included. Insular stimulation increased heat pain threshold on the ipsilateral (p = 0.003; n = 6) and contralateral sides (p = 0.047; n = 6). Differences in cold pain threshold did not reach statistical significance (ipsilateral: p = 0.341, contralateral: p = 0.143; n = 6), but one subject had a profound decrease in both heat and cold pain responses. Pressure pain threshold was not modified by insular stimulation (ipsilateral: p = 0.1123; contralateral: p = 0.1192; n = 6). Two of the three subjects who had a postero‐superior operculo‐insulectomy developed central pain with contralateral thermal nociceptive deficit.ConclusionsHigh frequency inhibitory postero‐superior insular stimulation may have the potential to decrease thermal nociception. Together with previous studies, our data support the notion that the integrity of this brain region is necessary for thermal but not pressure nociceptive processing.
A hydrogeomorphic assessment of twenty‐first century floods in the UK
Authors: Foulds Simon A. , Macklin Mark G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe occurrence of devastating floods in the British uplands during the first two decades of the twenty‐first century poses two key questions: (1) are recent events unprecedented in terms of their frequency and magnitude; and (2) is climate and/or land‐use change driving the apparent upturn in flooding? Conventional methods of analysing instrumental flow records cannot answer these questions because upland catchments are usually ungauged, and where records do exist they rarely provide more than 30–40 years of data. In this paper we analyse all lichen‐dated upland flood records in the United Kingdom (UK) to establish the longer‐term context and causes of recent severe flooding. Our new analysis of torrential sedimentary deposits shows that twenty‐first century floods are not unprecedented in terms of both their frequency (they were more frequent before 1960) and magnitude (the biggest events occurred during the seventeenth–nineteenth centuries). However, in some areas recent floods have either equalled or exceeded the largest historical events. The majority of recent floods have been triggered by torrential summer downpours related to a marked negative phase of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) between 2007 and 2012. It is of concern that historical data suggests there is far more capacity in the North Atlantic climate system to produce wetter and more prolonged flood‐rich periods than hitherto experienced in the twenty‐first century. Looking forwards, an increased likelihood of weather extremes due to climate change means that geomorphological based flood series extensions must be placed at the centre of flood risk assessment in the UK uplands and in similar areas worldwide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐25 initiates Th2 differentiation of human CD4+ T cells and influences expression of its own receptor
Authors: Bredo Graeme , Storie Jessica , Shrestha Palikhe Nami , Davidson Courtney , Adams Alexis , Vliagoftis Harissios , Cameron Lisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHuman CRTh2+ Th2 cells express IL‐25 receptor (IL‐25R) and IL‐25 has been shown to potentiate production of Th2 cytokines. However, regulation of IL‐25R and whether it participates in Th2 differentiation of human cells have not been examined. We sought to characterize IL‐25R expression on CD4+ T cells and determine whether IL‐25 plays a role in Th2 differentiation. Naïve human CD4+ T cells were activated in the presence of IL‐25, IL‐4 (Th2 conditions) or both cytokines to assess their relative influence on Th2 differentiation. For experiments with differentiated Th2 cells, CRTh2‐expressing cells were isolated from differentiating cultures. IL‐25R, GATA3, CRTh2 and Th2 cytokine expression were assessed by flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR and ELISA. Expression of surface IL‐25R was induced early during Th2 differentiation (2 days). Addition of IL‐25 to naïve CD4+ T cells revealed that it induces expression of its own receptor, more strongly than IL‐4. IL‐25 also increased the proportions of IL‐4‐, GATA3‐ and CRTh2‐expressing cells and expression of IL‐5 and IL‐13. Activation of differentiated CRTh2+ Th2 cells through the TCR or by CRTh2 agonist increased surface expression of IL‐25R, though re‐expression of CRTh2 following TCR downregulation was impeded by IL‐25. These data suggest that IL‐25 may play various roles in Th2 mediated immunity. We establish here it regulates expression of its own receptor and can initiate Th2 differentiation, though not as strongly as IL‐4.
Molecular basis of the regulation of iron homeostasis in fission and filamentous yeasts
Authors: Brault Ariane , Mourer Thierry , Labbé Simon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhen iron load exceeds that needed by fission and filamentous yeasts, iron‐regulatory GATA‐type transcription factors repress genes encoding iron acquisition systems. In contrast, under iron starvation, optimization of cellular iron utilization is coordinated by a specialized regulatory subunit of the CCAAT‐binding factor that fosters repression of genes encoding iron‐using proteins. Despite these findings, there is still limited knowledge concerning the mechanisms by which these iron‐responsive regulators respond to high‐ or low‐iron availability. To provide a framework for understanding common and distinct properties of iron‐dependent transcriptional regulators, a repertoire of their functional domains in different fungal species is presented here. In addition, discovery of interacting partners of these iron‐responsive factors contributes to provide additional insight into their properties. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(11):801–815, 2015
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and activation of MAPKs are involved in apoptosis induced by PM2.5 in rat cardiac H9c2 cells
Authors: Cao Jing , Qin Gang , Shi Ruizan , Bai Feng , Yang Guangzhao , Zhang Mingsheng , Lv Jiyuan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEpidemiological studies show a positive correlation between the air levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disorders, but how PM2.5 affects cardiomyocytes has not been studied in great deal. The aim of the present study was to obtain an insight into the links among intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in rat cardiac H9c2 cells exposed to PM2.5. H9c2 cells were incubated with PM2.5 at 100–800 µg ml–1 to evaluate the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, cell apoptosis, intracellular levels of ROS and expression of apoptosis‐related proteins as well as activation of MAPKs. PM2.5 decreased cell viability, increased the cell apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS production in a concentration‐dependent manner. PM2.5 decreased the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and increased cleaved caspase‐3 levels. A Western blots study showed up‐regulation of phosphorylated MAPKs including extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (ERKs), c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK in the PM2.5‐treated cells. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063 attenuated whereas the ERKs inhibitor PD98059 augmented the effects of PM2.5 on apoptosis and the expression of related proteins. In conclusion, PM2.5 decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis by enhancing intracellular ROS production and activating the MAPKs signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. The MAPKs signaling pathway could be a new promising target for clinical therapeutic strategies against PM2.5‐induced cardiac injury. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of the efficacy of decellularization treatment of allogenic and xenogeneic nerves as nerve conduits
Authors: Wang Wei , Itoh Soichiro , Takakuda Kazuo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the results of allogenic and xenogeneic nerve grafts that were treated using decellularization. The sciatic nerves of Sprague‐Dawley rats and the median nerves of Japanese white rabbits were decellularized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X‐100 and examined with a scanning electron microscope and immunofluorescence staining. A bridge‐graft into the sciatic nerve in Wistar rats was performed with the decellularized nerves (10 mm in length for short‐term evaluation; 15 mm in length for long‐term evaluation). As a control, an isograft was performed. The specimens were harvested at 4 weeks postoperatively and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Function, electrophysiological and histomorphological analyses were performed to evaluate nerve recovery at 24 weeks postoperatively. The 3‐dimensional structure of the basal lamina column, on which the cell adhesion molecules were integrated, was preserved through the decellularization protocols. Limited ED1‐positive macrophage invasion was observed, and abundant NF 160‐positive axons, which were accompanied by S‐100‐positive Schwann cells, penetrated through the implanted nerves. The sciatic nerve function and electrophysiological and histomorphological analyses suggest that the xenogeneic nerve graft was statistically indistinguishable from the allogenic nerve graft but slightly inferior to the isograft in supporting the axonal regeneration and functional recovery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 445–454, 2016.
Evaluation of hydrogel matrices for vessel bioplotting: Vascular cell growth and viability
Authors: Singh Raminder , Sarker Bapi , Silva Raquel , Detsch Rainer , Dietel Barbara , Alexiou Christoph , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Cicha Iwona 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDeveloping matrices biocompatible with vascular cells is one of the most challenging tasks in tissue engineering. Here, we compared the growth of vascular cells on different hydrogels as potential materials for bioplotting of vascular tissue. Formulations containing alginate solution (Alg, 2%, w/v) blended with protein solutions (silk fibroin, gelatin, keratin, or elastin) at 1% w/v were prepared. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and fibroblasts were cultivated on hydrogels for 7 days. Cell number and morphology was visualised using fluorescent staining at day 3 and 7. Cell metabolic activity was analysed using WST assay. Compared to pure Alg, Alg/keratin, Alg/gelatin and Alg/silk fibroin provided superb surfaces for ECs, supporting their attachment, growth, spreading and metabolic activity. SMCs showed best colonization and growth on Alg/silk fibroin and Alg/keratin hydrogels, whereas on elastin‐containing hydrogels, cell clustering was observed. Fibroblasts growth was enhanced on Alg/elastin, and strongly improved on silk fibroin‐ and keratin‐containing hydrogels. In contrast to the previous studies with alginate dialdehyde‐gelatin crosslinked gels, Alg/gelatin blend hydrogels provided a less favourable scaffold for fibroblasts. Taken together, the most promising results were obtained with silk fibroin‐ and keratin‐containing hydrogels, which supported the growth of all types of vascular cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 577–585, 2016.
Oxygen isotope measurements of seawater (18O/16O): A comparison of cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)
Authors: Walker S. A. , Azetsu‐Scott K. , Normandeau C. , Kelley D. E. , Friedrich R. , Newton R. , Schlosser P. , McKay J. L. , Abdi W. , Kerrigan E. , Craig S. E. , Wallace D. W. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLaser‐based spectroscopic techniques, such as cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS), provide a new, cost effective and more widely available approach to measure the oxygen isotope ratio in water molecules,
18O/
16O (δ18O), and are used increasingly to measure δ18O in the world's oceans. Here, we present results from an interlaboratory comparison designed to evaluate the quality of CRDS‐derived measurements, and their consistency with values measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). We also discuss the influence of salt on instrument performance and sample throughput for the analysis of seawater samples. This study compared measurements of δ18O from natural samples with a wide range of salinities (0, 29.4, and 34.6) performed by four independent labs: two using CRDS and two using IRMS. We also compared δ18O measurements of Northeast Atlantic Deep Water collected in 2013, 2012, 2009, and 1995 from the AR7W repeat hydrography transect across the Labrador Sea. The within‐lab precision of ocean‐based CRDS measurements is seen to approach 0.03‰, which is better than the manufacturer's typically stated analytical precision (around +/− 0.05‰), and comparable to that achievable with IRMS. The interlaboratory differences of measurements (highest‐lowest) reported by the four labs is taken as an indicator of overall accuracy, and is estimated conservatively as being < 0.1‰, with the potential to approach 0.05‰. Overall, these results show that CRDS based 18O measurements of seawater can be equivalent to high‐quality measurements by IRMS.
On index theory for non‐Fredholm operators: A (1 + 1)‐dimensional example
Authors: Carey Alan , Gesztesy Fritz , Levitina Galina , Potapov Denis , Sukochev Fedor , Zanin Dima 
Published: October 2015

Using the general formalism of , a study of index theory for non‐Fredholm operators was initiated in . Natural examples arise from (1 + 1)‐dimensional differential operators using the model operator in of the type , where , and the family of self‐adjoint operators in studied here is explicitly given by

urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201500065:mana201500065-math-0007Here has to be integrable on and tends to zero as and to 1 as (both functions are subject to additional hypotheses). In particular, , , has asymptotes (in the norm resolvent sense)

urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201500065:mana201500065-math-0015
as , respectively.
The interesting feature is that violates the relative trace class condition introduced in , Hypothesis 2.1 ]. A new approach adapted to differential operators of this kind is given here using an approximation technique. The approximants do fit the framework of enabling the following results to be obtained. Introducing , , we recall that the resolvent regularized Witten index of , denoted by , is defined by

urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201500065:mana201500065-math-0023
whenever this limit exists. In the concrete example at hand, we prove

urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201500065:mana201500065-math-0024Here denotes the spectral shift operator for the pair of self‐adjoint operators , and we employ the normalization, , .
Are seasonal and income variations accountable for bowel and bladder dysfunction symptoms in children?
Authors: Franco Israel , Franco Jacob , Harding Sylvia , Rosconi Dina , Cupelli Emily , Collett‐Gardere Therese 
Published: October 2015

AimsCertain illnesses tend to occur more commonly at certain times of the year. It is also known that individuals of different socioeconomic groups have a predilection for physical ailments that in some cases may be related to poor access to healthcare or may be related to environmental or work related causes. We hypothesized that there may be a difference between patients from season to season and from different socioeconomic groups and their presenting lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).MethodsWe reviewed our electronic medical record going back for 5 years, selecting out all patients who presented to all 10 of our offices in a wide geographic area that covers 22 million people of all races and income levels in the Tristate area of New York.ResultsWe identified 13,346 patients, 6,010 males and 6,957 females, and 379 were excluded for not meeting age inclusion criteria. The descriptive statistics based on age, median income for both males and females can be found in Tables I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Of note, males were older than females at presentation (8.1 vs. 6.9 years) with no difference in median incomes between families. There were more UTIs in females and more dysuria complaints in males. Urinary incontinence also appeared to be more prevalent in females than males, while males had more issues with fecal soiling than the females. What was obvious was that urgency and frequency was positively correlated with high income groups. On the other hand urinary incontinence represented either by itself or combined with UUI was more prevalent in the high school group. Fecal soiling was also more prevalent in the high school group. UTIs were more prevalent in the high school group but surprisingly there was no difference in patients that were not able to empty their bladders. Conversely we found that constipation was more prevalent in the professional group than in the other groups which is the opposite of the FS findings. Lastly dysuria appeared to be more prevalent in the P group.ConclusionsIt is clear that there are marked differences in the results between high school income and professional income groups in particular with the U and F, along with C which correlate with high income professionals’ children. UUI, UI, UTI, along with FS are associated with high school income parents. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:148–154, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Multi‐Method Study of the Geriatric Learning Needs of Acute Care Hospital Nurses in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Fox Mary T. , Butler Jeffrey I. , Persaud Malini , Tregunno Deborah , Sidani Souraya , McCague Hugh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOlder people are at risk of experiencing functional decline and related complications during hospitalization. In countries with projected increases in age demographics, preventing these adverse consequences is a priority. Because most Canadian nurses have received little geriatrics content in their basic education, understanding their learning needs is fundamental to preparing them to respond to this priority. This two‐phased multi‐method study identified the geriatrics learning needs and strategies to address the learning needs of acute care registered nurses (RNs) and registered practical nurses (RPNs) in the province of Ontario, Canada. In Phase I, a survey that included a geriatric nursing knowledge scale was completed by a random sample of 2005 Ontario RNs and RPNs. Average scores on the geriatric nursing knowledge scale were in the “neither good nor bad” range, with RNs demonstrating slightly higher scores than RPNs. In Phase II, 33 RN and 24 RPN survey respondents participated in 13 focus group interviews to help confirm and expand survey findings. In thematic analysis, three major themes were identified that were the same in RNs and RPNs: (a) geriatric nursing is generally regarded as simple and custodial, (b) older people's care is more complex than is generally appreciated, and (c) in the current context, older people's care is best learned experientially and in brief on‐site educational sessions. Healthcare providers, policy‐makers, and educators can use the findings to develop educational initiatives to prepare RNs and RPNs to respond to the needs of an aging hospital population. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a self‐management education module for those with type 2 diabetes on injectable therapies
Authors: Daly H , Davies MJ , Barnett J , Amin S , Gray G , Leonard J , Northern A , Crasto W , Khunti K , Jarvis J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe number of people using injectable therapies in the UK has dramatically increased over the last 20 years. People using insulin require intense support from health care professionals (HCPs). This paper describes a module which was developed for people with type 2 diabetes being treated with injectable therapies to empower them to effectively self‐manage their treatment. This was based on evidence from a previously published randomised controlled trial (the Microalbuminuria Education and Medication Optimisation [MEMO] study).Groups of up to 10 participants (with partners) are invited to attend a core session (either insulin or GLP‐1 therapy) lasting 3.5 hours and then attend five topic‐specific sessions (2.5 hours). Participants choose to attend all or some of these topic sessions allowing for maximum flexibility for self‐management plans. Participants are encouraged at the end of each session to work with the HCP facilitator to suggest changes to their treatment regimens if required. It is recommended that participants attend a basic structured diabetes education programme before commencing the programme. Facilitators are trained HCPs due to the skills, knowledge and expertise needed in treatment adjustments. A pilot was conducted (participants n = 9) which showed positive evaluations from both facilitators and participants. The module toolkit contains a curriculum, resources and a participant workbook, and workshop training is provided. The programme is currently delivered in a group setting; however, work is being done to adapt the programme to be used in a one‐to‐one setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.