bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutzerorientierte Aspekte bei der Anwendung von Glas in Fassaden
Authors: Heusler Winfried 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGerade bei hochwertigen Immobilien spielt die Anwendung von Glas in der Fassade eine besondere Rolle. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Architektur, Technik und Nutzer besteht eine wesentliche Herausforderung darin, die gestalterische Eleganz mit funktioneller Effizienz in Einklang zu bringen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst ausgewählte Mittel zur Beeinflussung der gestalterischen Eleganz, dann Kriterien zur Bewertung der funktionellen Effizienz von Fassaden vorgestellt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden an den Beispielen Glasflächenanteil, Glastyp und Anordnung von Glasflächen sowie Strukturierung und Krümmung der Fassade nutzerorientierte Aspekte bei der Anwendung von Glas in Fassaden diskutiert.User‐orientated aspects of the use of glass in façads. The use of glass in façades has a special role to play, particularly in high‐end properties. In the area of tension between architecture, technology and the user, reconciling design elegance with functional efficiency poses a significant challenge. In this article, selected means of influencing design elegance are presented first of all, followed by criteria for assessing the functional efficiency of façades. On this basis, user‐orientated aspects of the use of glass in façades are discussed taking the proportion of the glass area, glass type and arrangement of the glass surfaces as well as the structure and curvature of the façade as examples.
Spannglasträger – Glasträger mit vorgespannter Bewehrung
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Engelmann Michael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn Anlehnung an die Erkenntnisse im Massivbau können Glasträger in hochtransparenten, primären Tragkonstruktionen mit Hilfe einer Bewehrung höher ausgenutzt werden. Durch eine externe Vorspannung der Bewehrungselemente wird zusätzlich eine höhere Tragfähigkeit erzielt. Solche Spannglasträger werden in einem Forschungsprojekt am Institut für Baukonstruktion untersucht. Dabei standen vier verschiedene Bewehrungsvarianten mit filigranen Seilen aus hochlegiertem Stahl für Träger aus TVG und ESG im Betrachtungsmittelpunkt. Die Ergebnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen im Vierpunkt‐Biegebruchversuch unter variierten Vorspanngraden werden analysiert, um die möglichen Potentiale dieser neuartigen Konstruktion einzuschätzen.Spannglass Beams – Glass Beams with Post‐tensioned Reinforcement. Glass beams may be loaded to a higher degree by reinforcing them and applying the approach from reinforced concrete design. Thus, a post‐tension may be added as well. Those Spannglass Beams are under investigation during a research project at the Institute of Building Construction. Four different reinforcement layouts using filigree cables from stainless steel were investigated in Spannglass Beams made from heath strengthened and fully tempered glass. The results from four‐point‐bending tests are analyzed in order to estimate the potential of those novel constructions.
10 Jahre Stuttgarter Glasschale ‐ eine Zwischenbilanz
Authors: Blandini Lucio , Sobek Werner 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie Stuttgarter Glasschale wurde im Jahre 2004 als Prototyp gebaut, um die statische Effizienz und die ästhetische Qualität von Glasverklebungen zu untersuchen. Die von den Autoren für den Prototyp entwickelte Klebetechnik ermöglicht die Weiterleitung von Kräften zwischen den Glasscheiben in Form von Stossfugen und damit die Aufnahme von Herstellungs‐ sowie Montagetoleranzen. Was als temporärerer Prototyp entwickelt wurde, steht seit nunmehr 10 Jahren am ILEK der Universität Stuttgart und wird kontinuierlich beobachtet und evaluiert. Es konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass Windlasten, symmetrische und asymmetrische Schneelasten, UV‐Belastungen sowie die Alterungsprozesse der Verklebung auf Polymerbasis die Funktionsfähigkeit der Verklebungen bzw. die Tragfähigkeit der Schale bis dato nicht beeinträchtigt haben. Der vorliegende Artikel hält Rückschau auf die vergangenen zehn Jahre und fragt nach der Zukunft von Glasverklebungen.The Stuttgart Glass Shell 10 years later – retrospect and perspectives. The Stuttgart Glass Shell was built in 2004 at the ILEK, University of Stuttgart with the aim of analyzing the structural efficiency as well as the aesthetical quality that can be achieved by combining structural use of glass with adhesives as joining system. The prototype was planned as a temporary structure, but now it has been standing for 10 years under permanent monitoring at the ILEK. Wind, symmetrical and asymmetrical snow loadings, UV‐radiations, as well as aging processes have not influenced the performance of the adhesive joints or the load‐bearing capacity of the shell. Ten years therefore seem to be a reasonable lapse of time on the one hand to look back and on the other to give a perspective about the future development of adhesive joints.
Changing Varietal Distinctiveness of the World's Wine Regions: Evidence from a New Global Database
Authors: Anderson Kym 
Published: April 2014

AbstractConsumers are always looking for new types of wines. Producers compete for their attention by trying to product differentiate at the same time as they are responding to technological improvements, climate change, and evolving demand patterns. In doing so, wineries are increasingly highlighting their regional and varietal distinctiveness. This paper examines the extent to which the choice of winegrape varieties in wine regions has already changed over the first decade of the twenty-first century in both the Old World and New World. In doing so, it reports a varietal intensity index of different regions and an index of similarity of varietal mix between regions. The study is based on a new database of vine-bearing areas circa 2000 and 2010 for nearly 1,300 DNA-distinct winegrape varieties, spanning over 600 regions in 44 countries that together account for 99 percent of the world's wine production. (JEL Classifications: D24, L66, Q13, Q15)
Growth kinetics ofStaphylococcus aureuson Brie and Camembert cheeses
Authors: Lee Heeyoung , Kim Kyungmi , Lee Soomin , Han Minkyung , Yoon Yohan 
Published: April 2014

In this study, we developed mathematical models to describe the growth kinetics ofStaphylococcus aureuson natural cheeses. A five-strain mixture ofStaph. aureuswas inoculated onto 15 g of Brie and Camembert cheeses at 4 log CFU/g. The samples were then stored at 4, 10, 15, 25, and 30 °C for 2–60 d, with a different storage time being used for each temperature. Total bacterial andStaph. aureuscells were enumerated on tryptic soy agar and mannitol salt agar, respectively. The Baranyi model was fitted to the growth data ofStaph. aureusto calculate kinetic parameters such as the maximum growth rate in log CFU units (rmax; log CFU/g/h) and the lag phase duration (λ; h). The effects of temperature on the square root ofrmaxand on the natural logarithm of λ were modelled in the second stage (secondary model). Independent experimental data (observed data) were compared with prediction and the respective root mean square error compared with theRMSEof the fit on the original data, as a measure of model performance. The total growth of bacteria was observed at 10, 15, 25, and 30 °C on both cheeses. Thermaxvalues increased with storage temperature (P<0·05), but a significant effect of storage temperature on λ values was only observed between 4 and 15 °C (P<0·05). The square root model and linear equation were found to be appropriate for description of the effect of storage temperature on growth kinetics (R2=0·894–0·983). Our results indicate that the models developed in this study should be useful for describing the growth kinetics ofStaph. aureuson Brie and Camembert cheeses.
Transmission ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 in cattle is influenced by the level of environmental contamination
Authors: GAUTAM R. , KULOW M. , PARK D. , GONZALES T. K. , DAHM J. , SHIRODA M. , STASIC A. J. , DÖPFER D. , KASPAR C. W. , IVANEK R. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA pen infection-transmission experiment was conducted to elucidate the role of pathogen strain and environmental contamination in transmission ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 (ECO157) in cattle. Five steers were inoculated with a three-strain mixture of ECO157 and joined with five susceptible steers in each of two experimental replicates. Faecal and environmental samples were monitored for ECO157 presence over 30 days. One ECO157 strain did not spread. Transmission rates for the other two strains were estimated using a generalized linear model developed based on a modified ‘Susceptible–Infectious–Susceptible’ mathematical model. Transmission rates estimated for the two strains (0·11 and 0·14) were similar. However, the rates significantly (P = 0·0006) increased 1·5 times for every 1-unit increase in the level of environmental contamination measured as log10c.f.u. Depending on the level of environmental contamination, the estimated basic reproduction numbers varied from <1 to 8. The findings indicate the importance of on-farm measures to reduce environmental contamination for ECO157 control in cattle that should be validated under field conditions.
Accuracy of Combined Forecasts for the 2012 Presidential Election: The PollyVote
Authors: Graefe Andreas , Armstrong J. Scott , Jones Randall J. , Cuzán Alfred G. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe review the performance of the PollyVote, which combined forecasts from polls, prediction markets, experts’ judgment, political economy models, and index models to predict the two-party popular vote in the 2012 US presidential election. Throughout the election year the PollyVote provided highly accurate forecasts, outperforming each of its component methods, as well as the forecasts fromFiveThirtyEight.com. Gains in accuracy were particularly large early in the campaign, when uncertainty about the election outcome is typically high. The results confirm prior research showing that combining is one of the most effective approaches to generating accurate forecasts.
Political Knowledge and Exposure to the 2012 US Presidential Debates: Does Debate Format Matter?
Authors: Turcotte Jason , Goidel R. Kirby 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTExtant literature shows a positive link between presidential debates and political knowledge, with findings strongest for low-information voters. Considering presidential debates continue to retain a mass audience, they fulfill an invaluable civic function. Less clear is whether knowledge effects hold across debate formats and agenda topics. Using an experimental method that exposes a sample of undergraduate students to the 2012 US presidential debates, this article explores variance in knowledge effects across formats and topics. We find citizens can learn about issues and candidates but debate format and agenda topics may mediate the effects. We discuss the broader democratic implications of these findings and directions for future debate research.
Twitter Style: An Analysis of How House Candidates Used Twitter in Their 2012 Campaigns
Authors: Evans Heather K. , Cordova Victoria , Sipole Savannah 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines how House candidates used Twitter during the 2012 campaign. Using a content analysis of every tweet from each candidate for the House in the final two months before the 2012 election, this study provides a snapshot of House candidates’ “Twitter style.” In particular, this article shows that incumbents, Democrats, women, and those in competitive races tweet differently than challengers, Republicans, minor party candidates, men, and those in safe districts.
Nominal Partisanship: Names as Political Identity Signals
Authors: Urbatsch R. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSending a signal of partisan identity carries greater expressive benefit, but also greater expected cost, for members of the public when they are more exposed to adherents of the other party. To see whether the cost or the benefit dominates in the decision to send partisan signals, this article considers partisan signals sent by names of newborns, particularly girls named “Reagan,” in US state-years from 1976 to 2011. Results indicate that the benefits of expressing identity increase more than do costs in the face of a large out-group: higher proportions of Democrats in a state increase the relationship between Republican populations and the tendency to name daughters “Reagan.”
Paired Comparison and Theory Development: Considerations for Case Selection
Authors: Gisselquist Rachel M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread use of paired comparisons, we lack clear guidance about how to use this research strategy in practice, particularly in case selection. The literature tends to assume that cases are systematically selected from a known population, a major assumption for many topics of interest to political scientists. This article speaks to this gap. It describes three distinct logics of paired comparison relevant to theory development, presents a simple way of considering and comparing them, and explores how this approach can inform more intentional research design, with particular attention to low information settings where substantial research is needed to ascertain the values of independent or dependent variables. The discussion underscores inter alia the need to be aware and explicit about the implications of case selection for the ability to test and build theory, and the need to reconsider the well-cited “rule” of not selecting on the dependent variable.
Redistricting in the Classroom: A Module for Inductive Learning
Authors: Doherty David , Ryan Josh 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe a hands-on teaching module on the redistricting process for use in undergraduate classes. Students engage in the process of strategically drawing district lines, which allows them to inductively understand gerrymandering and its consequences. The module also encourages students to consider the many factors that complicate efforts to identify a “fair” approach to redistricting, focusing on communities of interest. We also discuss a number of extensions to the activity and provide examples of controversial districts that may be used to illustrate various redistricting concepts.
Civic Engagement in the Capstone: The “State of the Community” Event
Authors: Turner Charles C. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPolitical science departments often require a senior-capstone course as part of the major. The Wahlke Report (1991) recommended including such a course more than 20 years ago, and the Association of American Colleges and Universities considers it a high-impact practice. Colleges and universities are also advocating broad efforts of civic engagement—an approach to academic work for which political science majors are uniquely qualified. This article describes the successes and failures of partnering a senior-capstone course with seven public agencies in a small city. By developing a multistage process for interacting with agencies, city officials, and the public, this “State of the Community” project provides students with a real-world opportunity to serve as political consultants. By emphasizing the importance of timeliness, teamwork, presentation skills, and professionalism, this project can be a turning point for political science students who must soon transition from students in the undergraduate world to citizens in the community.
A meta-analysis of FDI and environmental regulations
Authors: Rezza Alief A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrevious authors have been unable to agree on whether environmental regulations hinder foreign direct investment (FDI). The empirical evidence in this domain remains inconclusive because of the contrasting results observed in the literature, owing to the differing characteristics of the data sets and models used in previous studies. The present study carries out a meta-analysis on a sample of published and unpublished papers on the so-called pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in order to investigate whether certain aspects of research design affect the presented findings. The paper offers explanations for the mixed findings reported in the literature by suggesting that certain aspects of research design are crucial to explaining their significance. The PHH is more likely to be supported by studies that define FDI as the establishment of new plants and those that use government spending as a proxy for the strictness of environmental regulations. Moreover, focusing investigations on pollution-intensive industries or developing countries hardly increases the likelihood of achieving results that support the PHH.
Effects of folic acid on renal endothelial function in patients with diabetic nephropathy: results from a randomized trial
Authors: Schneider Markus P. , Schneider Andreas , Jumar Agnes , Kistner Iris , Ott Christian , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: April 2014

Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to promote podocyte injury and albuminuria in diabetes, highlighting the importance of the interaction between renal endothelial cells and podocytes. Folic acid (FA) improves nitric oxide synthase (NOS) function and reduces progression of diabetic nephropathy in animal models. We tested whether high-dose FA treatment improves renal endothelial function and albuminuria in human subjects with incipient diabetic nephropathy. Following a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design, 28 patients with Type 2 diabetes and albuminuria were allocated to 4 weeks’ treatment with placebo and high-dose FA (5 mg/day). Renal nitric oxide (NO) production determined as the response of renal plasma flow (RPF) to NOS inhibition with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (4.25 mg/kg intravenously), renal oxidant stress as response of RPF to vitamin C infusion (3 mg/kg) and albuminuria were determined after each treatment phase. Neither the reduction in RPF to L-NMMA nor the increase in RPF to vitamin C infusion differed between treatment phases (ΔRPF to L-NMMA: −74±71 ml/min per m2 during placebo compared with −63±56 ml/min per m2 during FA, P=0.57; ΔRPF to vitamin C: +93±118 ml/min per m2 compared with +94±108 ml/min per m2; P=0.70). In line with the lack of effect on the renal endothelium, albuminuria was not affected by FA treatment (110±179 mg/day during placebo compared with 87±146 mg/day during FA; P=0.12). High-dose FA treatment does not improve renal endothelial function and fails to reduce albuminuria in human subjects with diabetic nephropathy. Novel treatment options for oxidant stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes are urgently needed.
Effects of two sulfated triterpene saponins echinoside A and holothurin A on the inhibition of dietary fat absorption and obesity reduction
Authors: Wang Yuming , Wang Jiahui , Yanagita Ryo C , Liu Chunhua , Hu Xiaoqian , Dong Ping , Xue Changhu , Xue Yong 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Two similarly sulfated triterpene saponins from Pearsonothuria graeffei were prepared to investigate the anti-obesity effects of echinoside A (EA) and holothurin A (HA). The in vitro inhibitory activities of EA and HA toward pancreatic lipase were investigated, and two in vivo studies were performed: (i) Male Wistar rats were orally administered the lipid emulsion with or without a saponin (HA or EA). The serum’s total triglyceride concentration was measured at various times. (ii) C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups, high fat (HF), EA (0.03%), HA (0.04%), and orlistat (0.01%), and the weight of adipose tissue and level of fatty acids excreted in the feces were determined. Both EA and HA repressed the pancreatic lipase activity and increased fatty acid excretion in the feces. Treatment with EA and HA significantly decreased the adipose tissue accumulation in mice. EA and HA manifested different inhibitory activities in vitro, but each of them dramatically inhibited lipid absorption in vivo and showed strong anti-obesity activity.
Syntheses of all the stereoisomers of butanol type 1,7-seco-2,7′-cyclolignane
Authors: Yamauchi Satoshi , Tomiyama Chisato , Wukirsari Tuti , Nishiwaki Hisashi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
All the stereoisomers of butanol type 1,7-seco-2,7′-cyclolignane were stereoselectively synthesized by employing (S)- and (R)-Evans’ auxiliaries to construct the stereochemistry. (+)- and (−)-Kadangustin J and their diastereomers were also prepared. The optical purity of the synthesized butanol type 1,7-seco-2,7′-cyclolignane was more than 99%ee.
Synthesis of biotinylated keratan sulfate repeating disaccharides
Authors: Takeda Naoko , Tamura Jun-ichi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We synthesized four types of keratan and keratan sulfate repeating disaccharides containing non-sulfate, Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ, and three types of sulfates, Gal6Sβ1-4GlcNAcβ, Galβ1-4GlcNAc6Sβ, and Gal6Sβ1-4GlcNAc6Sβ in an efficient and stereo-controlled manner. These disaccharides were conjugated with biotin via a hydrophilic linker at the reducing terminal.
The putative stress sensor protein MtlA is required for conidia formation, cell wall stress tolerance, and cell wall integrity in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Futagami Taiki , Seto Kazufumi , Kajiwara Yasuhiro , Takashita Hideharu , Omori Toshiro , Takegawa Kaoru , Goto Masatoshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The Mid2-like protein MtlA is a putative sensor of the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway in Aspergillus nidulans. An MtlA-EGFP fusion protein was localized at the cell surface and septa. The mtlA disruptant (∆mtlA) showed radial colony growth similar to the wild-type (wt) strain, but showed reduced conidia formation. The ∆mtlA mutant showed growth deficiency in the presence of inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. Moreover, mtlA disruption resulted in a reduction in the glucan and chitin content in the cell wall. These results suggest that MtlA plays a significant role in asexual sporulation, cell wall stress tolerance, and the maintenance of CWI in A. nidulans, but transcriptional upregulation of α-1,3-glucan synthase gene agsB induced by micafungin was observed in the ∆mtlA strain as well as the wt strain. Thus, MtlA is not essential for activation of the downstream CWI signaling pathway components identified in previous studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Lactate production as representative of the fermentation potential of Corynebacterium glutamicum 2262 in a one-step process
Authors: Khuat Hoang Bao Truc , Kaboré Abdoul Karim , Olmos Eric , Fick Michel , Boudrant Joseph , Goergen Jean-Louis , Delaunay Stéphane , Guedon Emmanuel 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The fermentative properties of thermo-sensitive strain Corynebacterium glutamicum 2262 were investigated in processes coupling aerobic cell growth and the anaerobic fermentation phase. In particular, the influence of two modes of fermentation on the production of lactate, the fermentation product model, was studied. In both processes, lactate was produced in significant amount, 27 g/L in batch culture, and up to 55.8 g/L in fed-batch culture, but the specific production rate in the fed-batch culture was four times lower than that in the batch culture. Compared to other investigated fermentation processes, our strategy resulted in the highest yield of lactic acid from biomass. Lactate production by C. glutamicum 2262 thus revealed the capability of the strain to produce various fermentation products from pyruvate.