bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retreatment with Ozurdex for Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Coscas Gabriel , Augustin Albert , Bandello Francesco , de Smet Marc D. , Lanzetta Paolo , Staurenghi Giovanni , Parravano Maria Cristina , Udaondo Patricia , Moisseiev Elad , Soubrane Gisele , Yatziv Yossi , Loewenstein Anat 
Published: December 2013

Purpose To review the current practice of retreatment with Ozurdex injections in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and to recommend simple guidelines for Ozurdex reinjection in management of RVO. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study of patients who received more than 2 Ozurdex injections for the treatment of ME in RVO. Recorded parameters included percent of patients with a 15-letter gain, visual acuity (VA) improvement from baseline, change in central macular thickness (CMT), time to reinjection, and occurrence of any complications. Results A total of 128 patients were included, 58 (45.3%) with central RVO (CRVO) and 70 (54.7%) with branch RVO (BRVO). Mean interval for Ozurdex reinjection was 5.9 months following the first injection and 8.7 months following the second. A >15-letter gain in VA was observed in 34 (48.8%) patients with CRVO and 16 (28%) patients with BRVO. Mean overall VA improvement at month 6 did not show significance (p>0.05); however, a significantly better mean VA improvement was seen in treatment-naïve eyes (p<0.03). The CMT was significantly reduced compared to baseline. The mean CMT decreased by 214.6 μm in eyes with BRVO (n = 53) and by 355.1 μm in eyes with CRVO (n = 63) (p = 0.002). Complication rates were very low. Conclusions Repeated injections of Ozurdex are effective and have a favorable safety profile. In current practice, the retreatment interval with Ozurdex injections might be too long, precluding the full therapeutic potential of this treatment modality. A strategy for managing RVO patients treated with Ozurdex on an as-needed basis is provided.
Reducing Liver Transplant Length of Stay: A Lean Six Sigma Approach
Authors: Toledo Alexander H. , Carroll Tracy , Arnold Emily , Tulu Zeynep , Caffey Tom , Kearns Lauren E. , Gerber David A. 
Published: December 2013

Context Organ transplant centers are under increasing scrutiny to maintain outcomes while controlling cost in a challenging population of patients. Throughout health care and transplant specifically, length of stay is used as a benchmark for both quality and resource utilization. Objective To decrease our length of stay for liver transplant by using Lean Six Sigma methods. Design The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) method was used to systematically analyze our process from transplant listing to hospital discharge after transplant, identifying many factors affecting length of stay. Patients or Other Participants Adult, single-organ, primary liver transplant recipients between July 2008 and June 2012 were included in the study. Recipients with living donors or fulminant liver failure were excluded. Intervention(s) Multiple interventions, including a clinical pathway and enhanced communication, were implemented. Main Outcome Measure(s) Length of stay after liver transplant and readmission after liver transplant. Results Median length of stay decreased significantly from 11 days before the intervention to 8 days after the intervention. Readmission rate did not change throughout the study. The improved length of stay was maintained for 24 months after the study. Conclusion Using a Lean Six Sigma approach, we were able to significantly decrease the length of stay of liver transplant patients. These results brought our center's outcomes in accordance with our goal and industry benchmark of 8 days. Clear expectations, improved teamwork, and a multidisciplinary clinical pathway were key elements in achieving and maintaining these gains.
Assessing Respiratory Therapists' Awareness of the Organ Donor Referral Criteria and Attitudes toward Organ Donation
Authors: Henry Nicholas Richard , Rosson Michael W. 
Published: December 2013

Context Respiratory therapists provide care for every potential organ donor but do not receive formal education regarding organ procurement. Objective To assess the number of respiratory therapists who are aware of the organ donor referral criteria and their attitude toward organ donation before and after an organ procurement organization provided an educational course. Design A retrospective analysis of surveys following an educational course. Setting Hospital respiratory therapy departments within the Texas Organ Sharing Alliance northern region. Participants Respiratory therapists who attended the educational course. Main Outcome Measure(s) Measured outcomes were respiratory therapists' attitude scores before and after the organ procurement organization provided the educational course, the number of organ donor cases experienced during the respiratory therapists' careers, the unit(s) of the hospital in which the respiratory therapists worked, and the respiratory therapists' awareness of the organ donor referral criteria before the organ procurement organization provided the educational course. Results Seventy-seven respiratory therapists were surveyed. Sixty-two respiratory therapists identified themselves as working in a critical care setting and 58% stated they were unaware of the donor referral criteria. Seventeen respiratory therapists reported their attitude toward organ donation improved with no perception decline. Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test for statistical analysis, the mean attitude score after the education course was significantly different at an alpha level of 0.05 ( P < .01) than the mean attitude score before the course. After the program, 98.7% of the respiratory therapists stated they would begin evaluating patients regarding the organ donor referral criteria before extubation.
Three‐dimensional lithospheric electrical structure of Southern Granulite Terrain, India and its tectonic implications
Authors: Patro Prasanta K. , Sarma S. V. S. , Naganjaneyulu K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe crustal as well as the upper mantle lithospheric electrical structure of the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) is evaluated, using the magnetotelluric (MT) data from two parallel traverses: one is an ~ 500 km long N‐S trending traverse across SGT and another a 200 km long traverse. Data space Occam 3‐D inversion was used to invert the MT data. The electrical characterization of lithospheric structure in SGT shows basically a highly resistive (several thousands of Ohm meters) upper crustal layer overlying a moderately resistive (a few hundred Ohm meters) lower crustal layer which in turn is underlain by the upper mantle lithosphere whose resistivity shows significant changes along the traverse. The highly resistive upper crustal layer is interspersed with four major conductive features with three of them cutting across the crustal column, bringing out a well‐defined crustal block structure in SGT with individual highly resistive blocks showing correspondence to the geologically demarcated Salem, Madurai, and Trivandrum blocks. The 3‐D model also brought out a well‐defined major crustal conductor located in the northern half of the Madurai block. The electrical characteristics of this south dipping conductor and its close spatial correlation with two of the major structural elements, viz., Karur‐Oddanchatram‐Kodaikanal Shear Zone and Karur‐Kamban‐Painavu‐Trichur Shear Zone, suggest that this conductive feature is closely linked to the subduction‐collision tectonic processes in the SGT, and it is inferred that the Archean Dharwar craton/neoproterozoic SGT terrain boundary lies south of the Palghat‐Cauvery shear zone. The results also showed that the Achankovil shear zone is characterized by a well‐defined north dipping conductive feature. The resistive block adjoining this conductor on the southern side, representing the Trivandrum block, is shown to be downthrown along this north dipping crustal conductor relative to the Madurai block, suggesting a northward movement of Trivandrum block colliding against the Madurai block. The lithospheric upper mantle electrical structure of the SGT up to a depth of 100 km may be broadly divided into two distinctly different segments, viz., northern and southern segments. The northern lithospheric segment, over a major part, is characterized by a thick resistive upper mantle, while the southern one is characterized by a dominantly conductive medium suggesting a relatively thinned lithosphere in the southern segment.
Wildlife Crime: Investigation, UK
Authors: Stewart Alan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Though the police have always had the responsibility for enforcing wildlife crime legislation, this aspect of their work has extended, advanced, and become much more specialized in the last decade.
There are now dedicated officers, a National Wildlife Crime Unit, dedicated prosecutors, and all with regular—and often joint—training. Partner agencies are on hand to assist and advise and a range of new forensic options, well‐practiced search techniques, and recognized audit trail guidelines all result in cases that are more likely to succeed going before the court.

Though the range of crimes investigated is diverse, crimes that are either high volume, such as hare coursing, and crimes where the species involved is at high conservation risk, are prioritized. Regular use is made of advances in
DNA
, and scientists are frequently asked if a particular new technique is possible.

It is comforting to know that much of the work in policing wildlife crime is followed closely and supported by the governments of the constituent countries. Though it will never rank among the most serious crime, most police forces now consider the investigation of wildlife crime to be a core police function, a major step forward in a decade.
Disaster Victim Identification: Process in United Kingdom
Authors: Black Sue , Hackman Lucina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA mass fatality event may involve a small number of deceased or it may run to a toll of hundreds of thousands. Correct identification of the deceased is vital to fulfill both judicial and humanitarian requirements. Unfortunately, there is little uniformity of process between countries. The integrating role of Interpol is vital, although not yet fully utilized. We summarize the requirements and procedures adopted for reliable disaster victim identification (DVI) and focus on the template devised and operating in the United Kingdom and when theUKresponse team operates overseas.
Missing defects? A comparison of microscopic and macroscopic approaches to identifying linear enamel hypoplasia
Authors: Hassett Brenna R. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTLinear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), the presence of linear defects of dental enamel formed during periods of growth disruption, is frequently analyzed in physical anthropology as evidence for childhood health in the past. However, a wide variety of methods for identifying and interpreting these defects in archaeological remains exists, preventing easy cross‐comparison of results from disparate studies. This article compares a standard approach to identifying LEH using the naked eye to the evidence of growth disruption observed microscopically from the enamel surface. This comparison demonstrates that what is interpreted as evidence of growth disruption microscopically is not uniformly identified with the naked eye, and provides a reference for the level of consistency between the number and timing of defects identified using microscopic versus macroscopic approaches. This is done for different tooth types using a large sample of unworn permanent teeth drawn from several post‐medieval London burial assemblages. The resulting schematic diagrams showing where macroscopic methods achieve more or less similar results to microscopic methods are presented here and clearly demonstrate that “naked‐eye” methods of identifying growth disruptions do not identify LEH as often as microscopic methods in areas where perikymata are more densely packed. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:463–472, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell Tracking with Caged Xenon: Using Cryptophanes as MRI Reporters upon Cellular Internalization
Authors: Klippel Stefan , Döpfert Jörg , Jayapaul Jabadurai , Kunth Martin , Rossella Federica , Schnurr Matthias , Witte Christopher , Freund Christian , Schröder Leif 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCaged xenon has great potential in overcoming sensitivity limitations for solution‐state NMR detection of dilute molecules. However, no application of such a system as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent has yet been performed with live cells. We demonstrate MRI localization of cells labeled with caged xenon in a packed‐bed bioreactor working under perfusion with hyperpolarized‐xenon‐saturated medium. Xenon hosts enable NMR/MRI experiments with switchable contrast and selectivity for cell‐associated versus unbound cages. We present MR images with 103‐fold sensitivity enhancement for cell‐internalized, dual‐mode (fluorescence/MRI) xenon hosts at low micromolar concentrations. Our results illustrate the capability of functionalized xenon to act as a highly sensitive cell tracer for MRI detection even without signal averaging. The method will bridge the challenging gap for translation to in vivo studies for the optimization of targeted biosensors and their multiplexing applications.
Direct Evidence for Intermolecular Oxidative Addition of σ(SiSi) Bonds to Gold
Authors: Joost Maximilian , Gualco Pauline , Coppel Yannick , Miqueu Karinne , Kefalidis Christos E. , Maron Laurent , Amgoune Abderrahmane , Bourissou Didier 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOxidative addition plays a major role in transition‐metal catalysis, but this elementary step remains very elusive in gold chemistry. It is now revealed that in the presence of GaCl3, phosphine gold chlorides promote the oxidative addition of disilanes at low temperature. The ensuing bis(silyl) gold(III) complexes were characterized by quantitative 31P and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Their structures (distorted Y shape) and the reaction profile of σ(SiSi) bond activation were analyzed by DFT calculations. These results provide evidence for the intermolecular oxidative addition of σ(SiSi) bonds to gold and open promising perspectives for the development of new gold‐catalyzed redox transformations.
Stereoselective Nucleophilic Fluoromethylation of Aryl Ketones: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Chiral α‐Fluoro Carbanions
Authors: Shen Xiao , Miao Wenjun , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough many methods are available for the synthesis of optically enriched monofluoromethyl secondary alcohols, synthesizing optically enriched monofluoromethyl tertiary alcohols remains a challenge. An efficient and easy‐to‐handle nucleophilic fluoromethylation protocol was developed. The current monofluoromethylation showed much higher facial selectivity than the corresponding difluoromethylation and proceeded via a different type of transition state. Excellent stereoselective control at the fluorinated carbon chiral center was found, an effect believed to be facilitated by the dynamic kinetic resolution of the chiral α‐fluoro carbanions.
The Photoredox‐Catalyzed Meerwein Addition Reaction: Intermolecular Amino‐Arylation of Alkenes
Authors: Prasad Hari Durga , Hering Thea , König Burkhard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA variety of amides are efficiently accessible under mild conditions by intermolecular amino‐arylation using a photo Meerwein addition with visible light. The reaction has a broad substrate scope, tolerates a large range of functional groups, and was applied to the synthesis of a 3‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Allenynes with a Carbonyl Group through Unusual Insertion of a CO Bond into a Rhodacycle Intermediate
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Yokoe Takayuki , Hosotani Akihito , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRhodium(I)‐catalyzed cyclization of allenynes with a tethered carbonyl group was investigated. An unusual insertion of a CO bond into the C(sp2)–rhodium bond of a rhodacycle intermediate occurs via a highly strained transition state. Direct reductive elimination from the obtained rhodacyle intermediate proceeds to give a tricyclic product containing an 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton, while β‐hydride elimination from the same intermediate gives products that contain fused five‐ and seven‐membered rings in high yields.
Synthesis and physicochemical study of polyester polyols of epoxy resin of 2,4,6‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine and their polyurethanes
Authors: Ghumara Rizwan Y. , Patel Jignesh P. , Adroja Pooja P. , Parsania Parsotam H. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPolyester polyols of ricinoleic acid (ETPRA), oleic acid, linoleic acid (ETPLA), and rosin (ETPR) and epoxy resin of 2,4,6‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐3‐5‐triazine (ETP) and their polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The PU films showed the following density order: ETPRPU600 > ETPRAPU600 > ETPLAPU600. ETPLAPU600 showed good tensile strength and volume resistivity values compared to ETPRAPU600 and ETPRPU600. All three PUs showed good electric strength. ETPLAPU600 showed almost double the electric strength of ETPRAPU600 and ETPRPU600. The incorporation of soft‐segment poly(ethylene glycol) 600 into PU chains resulted in the flexibility of the films. The PU films showed a high water absorption tendency in water, acidic, and saline environments, and they degraded in an alkaline environment. The weight gain tendency of the films was due to surface solvolysis and was also probably due to microcrack formation. The polyester polyols and PUs were thermally stable up to about 167–221 and 184–214°C, respectively, and followed multistep degradation reactions with either fractional or integral order (0.43–2.71) degradation kinetics. Thus, the structure of the PUs affected the studied physicochemical properties of the films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40203.
Bioinspired, Cysteamine‐Catalyzed Co‐Silicification of (1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H‐Perfluorooctyl)triethoxysilane and Tetraethyl Orthosilicate: Formation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Park Ji Hun , Kim Ji Yup , Cho Woo Kyung , Choi Insung S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBioinspired silicification attracts a great deal of interest because of its physiologically relevant, mild conditions for hydrolysis and condensation of silica precursors, which makes the bioinspired approach superior to the conventional sol–gel process, particularly when dealing with biological entities. However, the morphological control of silica structures with incorporation of functional groups in the bioinspired silicilication has been unexplored. In this work, we co‐silicificated (1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H‐perfluorooctyl)triethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate to investigate the morphological evolution of fluorinated silica structures in the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐mediated, cysteamine‐catalyzed silicification. The generated micrometer‐long worm‐like and spherical silica structures display superhydrophobicity after film formation. Interestingly, the measurement of dynamic water contact angles shows that the morphological difference leads to a different wetting state, either the self‐cleaning or the pinning state of the superhydrophobic surface.
Site‐Selective CH Borylation of Quinolines at the C8 Position Catalyzed by a Silica‐Supported Phosphane–Iridium System
Authors: Konishi Shota , Kawamorita Soichiro , Iwai Tomohiro , Steel Patrick G. , Marder Todd B. , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSite‐selective CH borylation of quinoline derivatives at the C8 position has been achieved by using a heterogeneous Ir catalyst system based on a silica‐supported cage‐type monophosphane ligand SMAP. The efficient synthesis of a corticotropin‐releasing factor1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist based on a late‐stage CH borylation strategy demonstrates the utility of the C8 borylation reaction.
Interaction of proteins with aluminum(III)–chlorophosphonazo III by resonance Rayleigh scattering method
Authors: Cui Zhi‐Ping , Liu Shao‐Pu , Liu Zhong‐Fang , Zheng Hu‐Zhi , Hu Xiao‐Li , Xue Jia‐Xing , Tian Jing 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn weak acid medium, aluminum(III) can react with chlorophosphonazo III [CPA(III), H8L] to form a 1:1 coordination anion [Al(OH)(H4L)]2‐. At the same time, proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (Lyso) and human serum albumin (HSA) existed as large cations with positive charges, which further combined with [Al(OH)(H4L)]2‐ to form a 1:4 chelate. This resulted in significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), second‐order scattering (SOS) and frequency doubling scattering (FDS). In this study, we investigated the interaction between [Al(OH)(H4L)]2‐ and proteins, optimization of the reaction conditions and the spectral characteristics of RRS, SOS and FDS. The maximum RRS wavelengths of different protein systems were located at 357–370 nm. The maximum SOS and FDS wavelengths were located at 546 and 389 nm, respectively. The scattering intensities (ΔI) of the three methods were proportional to the concentration of the proteins, within certain ranges, and the detection limits of the most sensitive RRS method were 2.6–9.3 ng/mL. Moreover, the chelate reaction mechanism or the reasons for the enhancement of RRS were discussed through absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiologically relevant organs on chips
Authors: Yum Kyungsuk , Hong Soon Gweon , Healy Kevin E. , Lee Luke P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRecent advances in integrating microengineering and tissue engineering have generated promising microengineered physiological models for experimental medicine and pharmaceutical research. Here we review the recent development of microengineered physiological systems, or also known as “ogans‐on‐chips”, that reconstitute the physiologically critical features of specific human tissues and organs and their interactions. This technology uses microengineering approaches to construct organ‐specific microenvironments, reconstituting tissue structures, tissue–tissue interactions and interfaces, and dynamic mechanical and biochemical stimuli found in specific organs, to direct cells to assemble into functional tissues. We first discuss microengineering approaches to reproduce the key elements of physiologically important, dynamic mechanical microenvironments, biochemical microenvironments, and microarchitectures of specific tissues and organs in microfluidic cell culture systems. This is followed by examples of microengineered individual organ models that incorporate the key elements of physiological microenvironments into single microfluidic cell culture systems to reproduce organ‐level functions. Finally, microengineered multiple organ systems that simulate multiple organ interactions to better represent human physiology, including human responses to drugs, is covered in this review. This emerging organs‐on‐chips technology has the potential to become an alternative to 2D and 3D cell culture and animal models for experimental medicine, human disease modeling, drug development, and toxicology.