bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Fluorescence-based Methods in Monitoring Progression of Noncavitated Caries-like Lesions on Smooth Surfaces
Authors: Diniz MB , Campos PH , Sanabe ME , Duarte DA , Santos MTBR , Guaré RO , Duque C , Lussi A , Rodrigues JA 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYAlthough there has been a significant decrease in caries prevalence in developed countries, the slower progression of dental caries requires methods capable of detecting and quantifying lesions at an early stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescence-based methods (DIAGNOdent 2095 laser fluorescence device [LF], DIAGNOdent 2190 pen [LFpen], and VistaProof fluorescence camera [FC]) in monitoring the progression of noncavitated caries-like lesions on smooth surfaces. Caries-like lesions were developed in 60 blocks of bovine enamel using a bacterial model of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Enamel blocks were evaluated by two independent examiners at baseline (phase I), after the first cariogenic challenge (eight days) (phase II), and after the second cariogenic challenge (a further eight days) (phase III) by two independent examiners using the LF, LFpen, and FC. Blocks were submitted to surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness analyses. The intraclass correlation coefficient for intra- and interexaminer reproducibility ranged from 0.49 (FC) to 0.94 (LF/LFpen). SMH values decreased and fluorescence values increased significantly among the three phases. Higher values for sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were observed for FC (phase II) and LFpen (phase III). A significant correlation was found between fluorescence values and SMH in all phases and integrated loss of surface hardness (ΔKHN) in phase III. In conclusion, fluorescence-based methods were effective in monitoring noncavitated caries-like lesions on smooth surfaces, with moderate correlation with SMH, allowing differentiation between sound and demineralized enamel.
Marine ice recycling at the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Koch Inka , Fitzsimons Sean , Samyn Denis , Tison Jean-Louis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMarine ice accretes at the base of ice shelves, often infilling open structural weaknesses and increasing ice-shelf stability. However, the timing and location of marine ice formation remain poorly understood. This study determines marine ice source water composition and origin by examining marine ice crystal morphology, water isotope and solute chemistry in ice samples collected from the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf (SMIS), Antarctica. The measured co-isotopic record together with the output of a freezing model for frazil crystals indicate a spatio-temporally varying water source of sea water and relatively fresher water, such as melted meteoric or marine ice. This is in agreement with the occurrence of primarily banded and granular ice crystal facies typical for frazil ice crystals that nucleate in a supercooled mixture of water masses. We propose that marine ice exposed at the surface of SMIS, which experiences summer melt, is routed to the ice-shelf base via the tide crack. Here frazil crystals nucleate in a double diffusion mechanism of heat and salt between two water masses at their salinity-dependent freezing point. Recycling of previously formed marine ice facilitates ice-shelf self-sustenance in a warming climate.
Glacier runoff and its impact in a highly glacierized catchment in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: past and future trends
Authors: Zhang Yong , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Liu Qiao , Liu Shiyin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe investigate past and future trends in glacier runoff and the associated hydrological impacts on river runoff in the Hailuogou catchment, a highly glacierized catchment with extensive debris cover in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, using a catchment-scale glacio-hydrological model. Past trends in various runoff components of the catchment indicate that glacier runoff has been a large component of total runoff, contributing ∼53.4% of total runoff during the period 1952–2013. Future changes in runoff calculated using the outputs of ten global climate models for representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 reveal that glacier runoff plays different roles in the water supply of the catchment for the two RCPs, and the discrepancies between the two RCPs increase in the second half of this century, leading to a considerable difference in the hydrological regime of the catchment. In particular, changes are more remarkable under RCP8.5, under which all glaciers are projected to retreat dramatically and total runoff to decrease slightly by the end of this century. An experimental analysis, in which no debris cover is assumed on glacier ablation zones, indicates that excess meltwater from the debris-covered area provides an 8.1% increase in total runoff relative to the no-debris assumption case.
Modelling the long-term mass balance and firn evolution of glaciers around Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Pelt Ward Van , Kohler Jack 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe analyse the long-term (1961–2012) distributed surface mass balance and firn evolution of the Kongsvegen and Holtedahlfonna glacier systems in northwestern Svalbard. We couple a surface energy-balance model to a firn model, with forcing provided from regional climate model output. In situ observational data are used to calibrate model parameters and validate the output. The simulated area-averaged surface mass balance for 1961–2012 is slightly positive (0.08 mw.e.a−1), which only fractionally compensates for mass loss by calving. Refreezing of percolating water in spring/summer (0.13 m w.e. a−1) and stored water in fall/winter (0.18 m w.e. a−1) provides a buffer for runoff. Internal accumulation, i.e. refreezing below the previous year’s summer surface in the accumulation zone, peaks up to 0.22 m w.e. a−1, and is unaccounted for by stake observations. Superimposed ice formation in the lower accumulation zone ranges as high as 0.25 m w.e. a−1. A comparison of the periods 1961–99 and 2000–12 reveals 21% higher annual melt rates since 2000 and a 31% increase in runoff, which can only in part be ascribed to recent warmer and drier conditions. In response to firn line retreat, both albedo lowering (snow/ice–albedo feedback) and lower refreezing rates (refreezing feedback) further amplified runoff.
Effectiveness of Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Intraarticular Injection in Interphalangeal Joints: A 12-week Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients with Hand Osteoarthritis
Authors: Spolidoro Paschoal Natalia de Oliva , Natour Jamil , Machado Flavia S. , de Oliveira Hilda Alcântara Veiga , Furtado Rita Nely Vilar 
Published: August 2015

Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of intraarticular injection (IAI) of triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of hand interphalangeal (IP) joints.Methods.Sixty patients who underwent IAI at the most symptomatic IP joint were randomly assigned to receive TH/lidocaine (LD; n = 30) with TH 20 mg/ml and LD 2%, or just LD (n = 30). The injected joint was immobilized with a splint for 48 h in both groups. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks by a blinded observer. The following variables were assessed: pain at rest [visual analog scale (VAS)r], pain at movement (VASm), swelling (physician VASs), goniometry, grip and pinch strength, hand function, treatment improvement, daily requirement of paracetamol, and local adverse effects. The proposed treatment (IAI with TH/LD) was successful if statistical improvement (p < 0.05) was achieved in at least 2 of 3 VAS. Repeated-measures ANOVA test was used to analyze intervention response.Results.Fifty-eight patients (96.67%) were women, and the mean age was 60.7 years (± 8.2). The TH/LD group showed greater improvement than the LD group for VASm (p = 0.014) and physician VASs (p = 0.022) from the first week until the end of the study. In other variables, there was no statistical difference between groups. No significant adverse effects were observed.Conclusion.The IAI with TH/LD has been shown to be more effective than the IAI with LD for pain on movement and joint swelling in patients with OA of the IP joints. Regarding pain at rest, there was no difference between groups. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02102620).
Patient Expectations and Perceptions of Goal-setting Strategies for Disease Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Wright Grace C. , Bergman Martin J. , Tambiah Jeyanesh , Taylor Peter C. 
Published: August 2015

Objective.To identify how patients perceive the broad effect of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their daily lives and indicate how RA disease management could benefit from the inclusion of individual goal-setting strategies.Methods.Two multinational surveys were completed by patients with RA. The “Good Days Fast” survey was conducted to explore the effect of disease on the daily lives and relationships of women with RA. The “Getting to Your Destination Faster” survey examined RA patients’ treatment expectations and goal-setting practices.Results.Respondents from all countries agreed that RA had a substantial negative effect on many aspects of their lives (work productivity, daily routines, participation in social and leisure activities) and emotional well-being (loss of self-confidence, feelings of detachment, isolation). Daily pain was a paramount issue, and being pain- and fatigue-free was considered the main indicator of a “good day.” Setting personal, social, and treatment goals, as well as monitoring disease progress to achieve these, was considered very beneficial by patients with RA, but discussion of treatment goals seldom appeared to be a part of medical appointments.Conclusion.Many patients with RA feel unable to communicate their disease burden and treatment goals, which are critically important to them, to their healthcare provider (HCP). Insights gained from these 2 surveys should help to guide patients and HCP to better focus upon mutually defined goals for continued improvement of management and achievement of optimal care in RA.
Harmonizing Pain Outcome Measures: Results of the Pre-OMERACT Meeting on Partnerships for Consensus on Patient-important Pain Outcome Domains Between the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group and OMERACT
Authors: Phillips Kristine , Taylor Ann , Mease Philip J. , Simon Lee S. , Conaghan Philip G. , Choy Ernest H. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Gossec Laure , Kaiser Ulrike , de Wit Marteen , Ostelo Raymond , Maxwell Lara , Tugwell Peter S. 
Published: August 2015

Objective.A variety of authorities in pain measurement and outcome methodology met prior to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in May 2014 to develop partnerships for consensus on pain outcomes.Methods.Following overview presentations, discussion centered on pain-specific and global constructs in the domain of chronic pain. Practical issues for clinical trial implementation were also discussed. Breakout sessions were completed regarding additional details of domain constructs. A nominal group process involving all workshop participants confirmed that chronic pain outcome measures encompass a broad range of constructs and that existing scales may be inadequate for assessment in clinical trials.Results.Participants endorsed that both pain intensity and pain interference are important constructs to be measured in clinical trials of chronic pain as it pertains to rheumatologic diagnoses.Conclusion.Further work is needed on inclusion of the patient perspective in the development of pain domains as well as Cochrane Collaboration summary of findings tables.
Health Literacy Rates in a Population of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Gong Zhaowei , Haig Sara L. , Pope Janet E. , Rohekar Sherry , Rohekar Gina , LeRiche Nicole G.H. , Thompson Andrew E. 
Published: August 2015

Objective.To determine the rate of low health literacy in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population in southwestern Ontario.Methods.For the study, 432 patients with RA were contacted, and 311 completed the assessment. The health literacy levels of the participants were estimated using 4 assessment tools administered in the following order: the Single Item Literacy Screener (SILS), the Medical Term Recognition Test (METER), the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), and the Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA).Results.The rates of low literacy as estimated by STOFHLA, REALM, METER, and SILS were 14.5%, 14.8%, 14.1%, and 18.6%, respectively. All 4 assessment tools were statistically significantly correlated. STOFHLA, REALM, and METER were strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.59–0.79), while SILS only demonstrated moderate correlations with the other assessment tools (r = 0.33–0.45). Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses revealed that low levels of education and a lack of daily reading activity were common predictors of low health literacy. Using a non-English primary language at home was found to be a strong predictor of low health literacy in STOFHLA, REALM, and METER. Male sex was found to be a significant predictor of poor performance in REALM and METER, but not STOFHLA.Conclusion.Low health literacy is an important issue in the southwestern Ontario RA population. About 1 in 7 patients with RA may not have the necessary skills to become involved in making decisions regarding their personal health. Rheumatologists should be aware of the low health literacy levels of patients with RA and should consider identifying patients at risk of low health literacy.
Impaired Antiatherogenic Functions of High-density Lipoprotein in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Gkolfinopoulou Christina , Stratikos Efstratios , Theofilatos Dimitris , Kardassis Dimitris , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Drosos Alexandros A. , Chroni Angeliki 
Published: August 2015

Objective.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts a series of antiatherogenic properties and protects from CVD. We evaluated whether HDL antiatherogenic properties are impaired in patients with AS.Methods.HDL (apoB-depleted serum) was isolated from 35 patients with AS and 35 age- and sex-matched controls. We measured the antioxidant capacity of HDL, the ability of HDL to induce cholesterol efflux, the activity of HDL-associated enzymes paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the ability of HDL to induce Akt kinase activation.Results.HDL from patients with AS had decreased antioxidant capacity and decreased ability to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages compared to controls. HDL-associated PON1 activity was lower and HDL-associated MPO activity higher in patients with AS compared to controls. Higher MPO activity correlated positively with lower antioxidant capacity of HDL in patients with AS. In addition, HDL from patients with AS had impaired endothelial Akt kinase activating properties that were inversely correlated with the MPO/PON1 ratio and positively correlated with the cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL.Conclusion.HDL from patients with AS displays impaired antiatherogenic properties. Attenuation of HDL properties may constitute a link between AS and CVD.
Pronounced Risk of Fractures among Elderly Men Affected by Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Faurschou Mikkel , Baslund Bo , Obel Niels 
Published: August 2015

Objective.It is unknown whether patients affected by granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) are at increased risk of fractures, and whether the fracture risk in GPA varies with age and sex. The aim of the present study was to compare the fracture risk among patients with GPA with that among age- and sex-matched population controls.Methods.We established a monocentric cohort of patients treated for GPA at a Danish tertiary care center from 1995 to 2010 (n = 159) and a register-derived GPA cohort identified from the Danish National Hospital Register (n = 402). Each patient was matched with 7 population controls. The occurrence of fractures among patients was compared with that among controls by calculation of incidence rate ratios (IRR).Results.In the monocentric cohort, an increased fracture risk was observed among men aged ≥ 55 years at the time of first hospitalization for GPA (IRR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6–7.6), but not among men < 55 years (IRR 0.3, 95% CI 0.04–2.1) or women (IRR women ≥ 55 yrs: 1.0, 95% CI 0.4–2.7 and IRR for women < 55 yrs: 0.7, 95% CI 0.2–2.4). In the register-derived cohort, an increased fracture risk was also observed among men aged ≥ 55 years at study baseline (IRR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5), whereas the incidence rate of fractures was not significantly increased among younger men or women (IRR for men < 55 yrs: 1.0, 95% CI 0.4–2.3; IRR for women ≥ 55 yrs: 0.9, 95% CI 0.5–1.5; IRR for women < 55 yrs: 1.6, 95% CI 0.7–3.6).Conclusion.Elderly male patients with GPA have a pronounced risk of developing fractures. This finding is of relevance for the clinical management of patients with GPA.
Results from a Phase IIA Parallel Group Study of JNJ-40346527, an Oral CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis despite Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , Hsia Elizabeth , Belkowski Stanley M. , Chien Caly , Masterson Tara , Thurmond Robin L. , Manthey Carl L. , Yan Xiaoyu (David) , Ge Tingting , Franks Carol , Greenspan Andrew 
Published: August 2015

Objective.To assess the efficacy and safety of JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor kinase that acts to inhibit macrophage survival, proliferation, and differentiation in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.Methods.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study, adults were randomized (2:1) to receive oral JNJ-40346527 100 mg or placebo twice daily through Week 12. Patients with RA had disease activity [≥ 6 swollen/≥ 6 tender joints, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 0.8 mg/dl] despite DMARD therapy for ≥ 6 months. The primary endpoint was change from baseline at Week 12 in the 28-joint Disease Activity Score with CRP (DAS28-CRP). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses were also performed, and safety was assessed through Week 16.Results.Ninety-five patients were treated (63 JNJ-40346527, 32 placebo); 8 patients discontinued treatment (6 JNJ-40346527, 2 placebo) through Week 12. Mean improvements in DAS28-CRP from baseline to Week 12 were 1.15 for the JNJ-40346527 group and 1.42 for the placebo group (p = 0.30); thus, a statistically significant difference was not observed for the primary endpoint. Pharmacokinetic exposure to JNJ-40346527 and its active metabolites was above the projected concentration needed for pharmacologic activity, and effective target engagement and proof of activity were demonstrated by increased levels of CSF-1 and decreased CD16+ monocytes in JNJ-40346527–treated, but not placebo-treated, patients. Thirty-seven (58.7%) JNJ-40346527–treated and 16 (50.0%) placebo-treated patients reported ≥ 1 adverse event (AE); 1 (1.6%) JNJ-40346527–treated and 3 (9.4%) placebo-treated patients reported ≥ 1 serious AE.Conclusion.Although adequate exposure and effective peripheral target engagement were evident, JNJ-40346527 efficacy was not observed in patients with DMARD-refractory active RA. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01597739. EudraCT Number: 2011-004529-28.
Does Rheumatoid Cachexia Predispose Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis to Osteoporosis and Vertebral Fractures?
Authors: El Maghraoui Abdellah , Sadni Siham , Rezqi Asmaa , Bezza Ahmed , Achemlal Lahsen , Mounach Aziza 
Published: August 2015

Objective.To assess the prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid cachexia (RC) and evaluate its relationship with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures (VF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.We enrolled into a cross-sectional study 178 consecutive patients with RA (82.6% women) with a mean age of 54.1 ± 11.5 years (25–82) and who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of RA. Body composition, lateral VF assessment images, and scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RC was defined by a fat-free mass index below the 10th percentile and a fat mass index above the 25th percentile compared with a reference population. VF were defined using Genant semiquantitative approach.Results.RC was observed in 96 patients (53.9%) and osteoporosis in 52 patients (29.2%). Comparison between women with and without RC showed that women with RC had a longer disease duration, higher disease activity variables, higher steroid cumulative dose, and higher proportion of patients with erosive arthritis. Women with RC had lower total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and T score than women without RC, while comparison in men found only body mass index to be significantly lower in men with RC. Regression logistic analysis showed an independent and significant association between RC and age and disease activity in women.Conclusion.Our study showed that half of the patients with RA may have RC, a condition that was significantly associated with disease activity and low hip BMD, but not with VF.
Comparison of 2 Dosages of Intraarticular Triamcinolone for the Treatment of Knee Arthritis: Results of a 12-week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Popma Jan Willem , Snel Frank W. , Haagsma Cees J. , Brummelhuis-Visser Petra , Oldenhof Hans G.J. , van der Palen Job , van de Laar Mart A.F.J. 
Published: August 2015

Objective.To determine whether a double dose of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide is more effective for knee arthritis than a 40-mg dose.Methods.In this 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial, 40 mg and 80 mg of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide were compared in patients with knee arthritis. Evaluated variables included a Likert burden scale, visual analog scale pain scale, degree of arthritis activity, presence of swelling, and presence of functional limitation.Results.Ninety-seven patients were randomized. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding any outcomes.Conclusion.An 80-mg dose of triamcinolone acetonide had no additional benefit compared with 40 mg as treatment for knee arthritis. Trial registration: Nederlands Trial Register; trial registration number: NTR2298.