bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Erosion Is Associated With Reduction of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Park Yune‐Jung , Kim Ji‐Young , Park Jeongmi , Choi Jin‐Jung , Kim Wan‐Uk , Cho Chul‐Soo 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo identify factors influencing endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe number of circulating CD34+/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2–positive EPCs was measured in 126 RA patients and 46 non‐RA control patients. Endothelial function was assessed by brachial flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Serum CXCL12 concentrations were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. EPCs and FMD were measured at baseline and after 24 weeks of anti–tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) therapy in 29 patients with active RA.ResultsThe numbers of circulating EPCs were significantly lower in the RA patients than in the non‐RA controls. In multivariate analysis, older age, reduced levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher bone erosion scores were independent risk factors for reduced EPC counts in RA patients. Serum CXCL12 levels correlated negatively with EPC counts, but positively with bone erosion scores. FMD was impaired in RA patients, and a decreased FMD in RA was closely associated with a higher bone erosion score and a reduced EPC count. In addition, EPC counts were restored by anti‐TNFα therapy, and this increase was paralleled by improvement in FMD. Interestingly, restoration of EPC counts was attenuated in patients with higher bone erosion scores than in those with lower scores, despite similar levels of improvement in disease activity.ConclusionThe numbers of circulating EPCs in RA patients are reduced and are inversely correlated with serum levels of CXCL12. Reduced EPC counts are closely associated not only with bone erosion, but also with endothelial dysfunction.
Das neue Elefantenhaus im Zoo Zürich
Authors: Kübler Wolfram 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntegriert in einen Landschaftspark soll das neue Elefantenhaus im Zoo Zürich nicht als technischer Zweckbau erscheinen. Das Schalentragwerk wurde mittels statischer Formfindung entwickelt. Die Holzkonstruktion besteht aus mehrlagigem Aufbau, damit die Materialeigenschaften Anisotropie sowie Festigkeits‐ und Steifigkeitsverhalten in Abhängigkeit vom Kraftfaserwinkel egalisiert werden und eine duktile und robuste Konstruktion entsteht. Obwohl die 271 geometrisch völlig unterschiedlichen und spitzwinkligen Oblichter mit bis zu 40 m2 Größe keine Regelmäßigkeit vermuten lassen, kann die Konstruktion auf zwei Regelschnitte reduziert werden.The new elephant house at Zoo ZurichIntegrated into a landscape park the new elephant house at the zoo in Zurich should not appear as a technical and functional building. The shell structure was developed by means of static form‐finding. The timber structure consists of a multilayer composite structure, so that the material properties, anisotropy, strength and stiffness‐solubility behavior are leveled independent from the strength‐fiber angle and a ductile and sturdy construction is developed. Although the 271 geometrically completely different and acute‐angled skylights with up to 40 m2 size suggest any regularity, the construction can be reduced to two control sections.
Antibody performance in western blot applications is context‐dependent
Authors: Älgenäs Cajsa , Agaton Charlotta , Fagerberg Linn , Asplund Anna , Björling Lisa , Björling Erik , Kampf Caroline , Lundberg Emma , Nilsson Peter , Persson Anja , Wester Kenneth , Pontén Fredrik , Wernérus Henrik , Uhlén Mathias , Ottosson Takanen Jenny , Hober Sophia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn important concern for the use of antibodies in various applications, such as western blot (WB) or immunohistochemistry (IHC), is specificity. This calls for systematic validations using well‐designed conditions. Here, we have analyzed 13 000 antibodies using western blot with lysates from human cell lines, tissues, and plasma. Standardized stratification showed that 45% of the antibodies yielded supportive staining, and the rest either no staining (12%) or protein bands of wrong size (43%). A comparative study of WB and IHC showed that the performance of antibodies is application‐specific, although a correlation between no WB staining and weak IHC staining could be seen. To investigate the influence of protein abundance on the apparent specificity of the antibody, new WB analyses were performed for 1369 genes that gave unsupportive WBs in the initial screening using cell lysates with overexpressed full‐length proteins. Then, more than 82% of the antibodies yielded a specific band corresponding to the full‐length protein. Hence, the vast majority of the antibodies (90%) used in this study specifically recognize the target protein when present at sufficiently high levels. This demonstrates the context‐ and application‐dependence of antibody validation and emphasizes that caution is needed when annotating binding reagents as specific or cross‐reactive. WB is one of the most commonly used methods for validation of antibodies. Our data implicate that solely using one platform for antibody validation might give misleading information and therefore at least one additional method should be used to verify the achieved data.
Mechanistic Insights into the Pd‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Allyl Alcohols: Evidence for an Outer‐Sphere Mechanism Involving a Palladium Hydride Intermediate
Authors: Sawadjoon Supaporn , Sjöberg Per J. R. , Orthaber Andreas , Matsson Olle , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe mechanism of direct amination of allyl alcohol by a palladium triphenylphosphite complex has been explored. Labelling studies show that the reaction proceeds through a π‐allylpalladium intermediate. A second‐order dependence of reaction rate on allyl alcohol concentration was observed. Kinetic isotope effect studies and ESI‐MS studies are in agreement with a reaction proceeding through a palladium hydride intermediate in which both O–H bond and C–O bond cleavages are involved in rate‐determining steps. A stereochemical study supports an outer‐sphere nucleophilic attack of the π‐allylpalladium intermediate giving complete chiral transfer from starting material to product.
Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Red‐Emitting Thienyl–BODIPYs and Bovine Serum Albumin Labeling
Authors: Poirel Arnaud , Retailleau Pascal , De Nicola Antoinette , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThesynthesis of three red‐emitting and water‐soluble thienyl‐BODIPYs has beenachieved. The trimethyl(propargyl)ammonium group was chosen as a vector forwater solubility. One or two cationic arms were introduced either on the2‐position of the thienyl unit or on the 4‐position on the boron atom. Thesedyes have pronounced absorption around 600 nm and intense emission at 650 nmwith quantum yield of about 60% in water. Grafting of such BODIPYs via a flexible arm to BSA is veryefficient, allowing attachment of 1 to 30 labels in a controlled manner. Very strong fluorescence (quantum yield 56%)without aggregation of the dye at a low loading ratio (1:5 BSA/label) in PBSbuffer is measured.
Identification of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Compounds Inhibiting Growth of Corynebacteria: Potential Lead Compounds for Antibiotics
Authors: Stark Jaime L. , Copeland Jennifer C. , Eletsky Alexander , Somerville Greg A. , Szyperski Thomas , Powers Robert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe bacterial genus Corynebacteria contains several pathogenic species that cause diseases such as diphtheria in humans and “cheesy gland” in goats and sheep. Thus, identifying new therapeutic targets to treat Corynebacteria infections is both medically and economically important. CG2496, a functionally uncharacterized protein from Corynebacterium glutamicum, was evaluated using an NMR ligand‐affinity screen. A total of 11 compounds from a library of 460 biologically active compounds were shown to selectively bind CG2496 in a highly conserved region of the protein. The best binder was identified to be methiothepin (KD=54±19 µM), an FDA‐approved serotonin receptor antagonist. Methiothepin was also shown to inhibit the growth of C. glutamicum, but not bacteria that lack CG2496 homologs. Our results suggest that CG2496 is a novel therapeutic target and methiothepin is a potential lead compound or structural scaffold for developing new antibiotics specifically targeting Corynebacteria.
Toward the Development of Dual‐Targeted Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate Dehydrogenase/Trypanothione Reductase Inhibitors against Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Belluti Federica , Uliassi Elisa , Veronesi Giacomo , Bergamini Christian , Kaiser Marcel , Brun Reto , Viola Angelo , Fato Romana , Michels Paul A. M. , Krauth‐Siegel R. Luise , Cavalli Andrea , Bolognesi Maria Laura 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA significant improvement in the treatment of trypanosomiases has been achieved with the recent development of nifurtimox–eflornithine combination therapy (NECT). As an alternative to drug combinations and as a means to overcome most of the antitrypanosomatid drug discovery challenges, a multitarget drug design strategy has been envisaged. To begin testing this hypothesis, we designed and developed a series of quinone–coumarin hybrids against glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase/trypanothione reductase (GAPDH/TR). These enzymes belong to metabolic pathways that are vital to Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, and have thus been considered promising drug targets. The synthesized molecules were characterized for their dual‐target antitrypanosomal profile, both in enzyme assays and in in vitro parasite cultures. The merged derivative 2‐{[3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropoxy)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐7‐yl]oxy}anthracene‐1,4‐dione (10) showed an IC50 value of 5.4 μM against TbGAPDH and a concomitant Ki value of 2.32 μM against TcTR. Notably, 2‐{4‐[6‐(2‐dimethylaminoethoxy)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl]phenoxy}anthracene‐1,4‐dione (compound 6) displayed a remarkable EC50 value for T. brucei parasites (0.026 μM) combined with a very low cytotoxicity toward mammalian L6 cells (7.95 μM). This promising low toxicity of compound 6 might be at least partially due to the fact that it does not interfere with human glutathione reductase.
Covalent Inhibition of the Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase
Authors: Ahmed Vanessa F. , Bottini Nunzio , Barrios Amy M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCovalent inhibitors of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) were identified from a screen of the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecules Repository (MLSMR). Both of the two lead compounds identified have phosphotyrosine‐mimetic benzoic acid moieties as well as electrophilic acrylonitrile groups. Inhibition kinetics of both compounds are consistent with covalent modification of the enzyme, with nanomolar KI and reciprocal millisecond kinact values, representing the best efficiency ratios (kinact/KI) among currently reported covalent LYP inhibitors. Covalent inhibitors can provide longer efficacy and better selectivity than more conventional noncovalent inhibitors, and these lead compounds are an important step toward the development of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)‐targeted covalent therapeutic compounds.
Effect of increasing pump speed during exercise on peak oxygen uptake in heart failure patients supported with a continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device. A double‐blind randomized study
Authors: Jung Mette Holme , Hansen Peter Bo , Sander Kaare , Olsen Peter Skov , Rossing Kasper , Boesgaard Soeren , Russell Stuart D. , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: January 2014

AimsContinuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) implantation is associated with improved quality of life, but the effect on exercise capacity is less well documented. It is uncertain whether a fixed CF‐LVAD pump speed, which allows for sufficient circulatory support at rest, remains adequate during exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fixed versus incremental pump speed on peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) during a maximal exercise test.Methods and resultsIn CF‐LVAD (HeartMate II) patients exercise testing measuring peak oxygen uptake (VO2) was performed on an ergometer bike twice in one day: once with fixed pump speed (testfix) and once with incremental pump speed (testinc). The order of testfix and testinc in each patient was determined by randomization. During testinc pump speed was increased from the baseline value by 400 rpm/2 min. Fourteen patients (aged 23–69 years) were included with a mean support duration of 465 ± 483 days. Baseline CF‐LVAD speed was 9357 ± 238 rpm and during testinc speed was increased by a mean of 1486 ± 775 rpm. Mean peak VO2 was significantly higher in testinc compared with testfix (15.4 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min vs. 14.1 ± 6.3 mL/kg/min; P = 0.012), corresponding to a 9.2% increase. All exercise tests (n = 28) were adequately performed with RER > 1.ConclusionIncreasing pump speed during exercise augments peak VO2 in patients supported with CF‐LVADs. An automatic speed‐change function in future generations of CF‐LVADs might improve functional capacity.
Asymmetric Hydrovinylation and Hydrogenation with Metal Complexes of C3‐Symmetric Tris‐Binaphthyl Monophosphites
Authors: Carrilho Rui M. B. , Costa Gonçalo N. , Neves Ângela C. B. , Pereira Mariette M. , Grabulosa Arnald , Bayón J. Carles , Rocamora Mercè , Muller Guillermo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNeutral allyl–palladium complexes stabilised by bulky tris‐binaphthyl monophosphite ligands have been prepared and fully characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy, which evidenced a dynamic equilibrium between two diastereomeric species. The new allyl–palladium phosphite complexes have been evaluated as catalytic precursors in the asymmetric hydrovinylation of styrene; they show moderate activity and good to excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity depending on the substituent at the ligand 2′‐binaphthyl position. Remarkably, the palladium complex bearing the ligand with an adamantyl ester substituent led to 92 % ee toward (R)‐3‐phenyl‐1‐butene, which suggests that the ester functionality might provide a secondary hemilabile interaction with the metal, thus favouring the enantioselectivity control. Rhodium(I) complexes formed in situ with the same ligands were further applied in the hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate, but gave limited activity. The best enantioselectivity (62 %) was achieved with the same ligand that contained the adamantyl ester substituent.
Tripodal Bile Acid Architectures Based on a Triarylphosphine Oxide Core Obtained by Copper‐Catalysed [1,3]‐Dipolar Cycloaddition: Synthesis and Preliminary Aggregation Studies
Authors: Thota Bala N. S. , Savyasachi Aramballi J. , Lukashev Nikolay , Beletskaya Irina , Maitra Uday 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis and aggregation behaviour of new water‐soluble, bile acid derived tripodal architectures based on a core derived from triphenylphosphine oxide. We employed the well‐established copper‐catalysed [1,3]‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) for the construction of these tripodal molecules. The aggregation behaviour of these molecules in aqueous media was studied by different analytical methods such as dye solubilisation, dynamic light scattering, NMR and AFM. These molecular architectures also offer an additional advantage in aiding understanding of the influence of the nature of the bile acid backbone and of the configuration at the steroid C‐3 position in these architectures; to the best of our knowledge this has not been reported in the literature. The unique gelation properties of the α‐derivatives were explained through molecular modelling studies and the mechanical behaviour of these gels was studied by rheology experiments.
Placebo Response in Binge Eating Disorder: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Clinical Trials from One Research Group
Authors: Blom Thomas J. , Mingione Carolyn J. , Guerdjikova Anna I. , Keck Paul E. , Welge Jeffrey A. , McElroy Susan L. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to gain further understanding of placebo response in binge eating disorder.MethodWe pooled participant‐level data from 10 double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trials of medications for binge eating disorder. The primary outcomes were response (75% reduction in binge eating episodes), cessation of binge eating episodes, change in mean weekly binge eating episodes and binge eating episodes per week.ResultsOf 234 participants receiving placebo, 89 (38%) were responders and 59 (26%) attained cessation. Placebo‐treated participants significantly reduced their binge eating. The mean (SD) binge eating episodes per week at baseline was 5.2 (3.2) and at endpoint was 2.2 (2.6). Lower baseline binge eating episode frequency and longer study participation were significantly associated with response and cessation.DiscussionLess severe eating pathology at baseline was associated with higher placebo response and cessation rates. Future clinical trials may want to stipulate that participants exceed a threshold of illness severity, which may lead to better placebo and drug separation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
On Mechanisms of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in Solids
Authors: Thurber Kent R. , Tycko Robert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can dramatically increase the signal in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by transferring spin polarization from electrons to nuclei. We discuss quantum mechanical descriptions of the “solid effect” and “cross effect” mechanisms of DNP that typically occur in solid state NMR at high magnetic field, both with and without magic angle spinning (MAS). We present several extensions of recent theoretical descriptions, including (i) treatments of solid effect DNP and cross effect DNP with MAS, in which two nuclei change spin states simultaneously and (ii) a treatment of solid effect DNP in a two‐spin system without MAS, in which the ratio of microwave field strength to hyperfine coupling strength can be arbitrary. We also briefly discuss factors that influence DNP efficiency in experiments, beyond the basic principles contained in simple quantum mechanical models.
Einsatz einer CFD‐Simulation für eine Optimierung der Wetterführung beim Auftreten von Sprengemissionen
Authors: Agasty Amit Ananda , Clausen Elisabeth , Kellner Moritz , Langefeld Oliver 
Published: January 2014

AbstractVor dem Hintergrund aktueller Diskussionen innerhalb der EU zur Festlegung neuer Richtgrenzwerte für NO und NO2 am Arbeitsplatz sieht sich die Bergbauindustrie erhöhten Anforderungen ausgesetzt, diese Schadstoffbelastungen weitergehend zu minimieren. Dieser Umstand wird zudem verstärkt durch die Tatsache, dass die in der BRD für die Festlegung von Grenzwerten auf nationaler Ebene zuständige MAK‐Kommission Empfehlungen für eine Reduzierung der Nox‐gase um 90 bzw. 98 % auf jeweils 0,5 ppm für NO und NO2 vorsieht. Neben den unter Tage eingesetzten Dieselfahrzeugen stellen insbesondere die bei der Umsetzung von Sprengstoffen freigesetzten Stickstoff‐Emissionen einen Hauptemittenten dar.Um das Verhalten von Stickoxiden nach einer Sprengung analysieren und bewerten zu können, erfolgte die Nachbildung mithilfe einer Zwei‐Phasen‐CFD‐Simulation (Luft, NOx) (CFD = Computational Fluid Dynamics). Auf Grundlage der Simulation können in Abhängigkeit des Volumens der umgesetzten Stickoxide unterschiedliche Konzepte und Maßnahmen für eine zielgerichtete Verdünnung der Wetter getestet und in Bezug auf ihre Effektivität in Hinblick auf eine Optimierung der Wetterführung bewertet werden.Considering the current discussions in the EU about the specification of guideline values for NO and NO2 at the workplace, the mining industry anticipates more stringent requirements with further reductions of the concentrations of these pollutants. This situation is compounded by the fact that the national commission responsible for setting permissible concentrations in Germany intends to reduce the values for NOx gases to 0.5 ppm for NO and NO2, a reduction of 90 and 98 % respectively. In addition to diesel‐powered vehicles used underground, a principal source of nitrogen emissions is blasting fumes.In order to be able to analyse and evaluate the behaviour of nitrogen oxides after blasting, the situation was modelled in a two‐phase CFD simulation. The CFD simulation was then used as a basis for testing various concepts and measures for targeted thinning of the air in a mine depending on the volume of nitrogen oxide released, which were then evaluated regarding their effectiveness in optimising the ventilation system.
Polygynous Contexts, Family Structure, and Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Smith-Greenaway Emily , Trinitapoli Jenny 
Published: January 2014

AbstractContextual characteristics influence infant mortality above and beyond family-level factors. The widespread practice of polygyny is one feature of many sub-Saharan African contexts that may be relevant to understanding patterns of infant mortality. Building on evidence that the prevalence of polygyny reflects broader economic, social, and cultural features and that it has implications for how families engage in the practice, we investigate whether and how the prevalence of polygyny (1) spills over to elevate infant mortality for all families, and (2) conditions the survival disadvantage for children living in polygynous families (i.e., compared with monogamous families). We use data from Demographic and Health Surveys to estimate multilevel hazard models that identify associations between infant mortality and region-level prevalence of polygyny for 236,336 children in 260 subnational regions across 29 sub-Saharan African countries. We find little evidence that the prevalence of polygyny influences mortality for infants in nonpolygynous households net of region-level socioeconomic factors and gender inequality. However, the prevalence of polygyny significantly amplifies the survival disadvantage for infants in polygynous families. Our findings demonstrate that considering the broader marital context reveals important insights into the relationship between family structure and child well-being.
The fluid mechanics of dissolution trapping in geologic storage of CO2
Authors: Bolster D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSequestration of carbon dioxide by injecting it into the deep subsurface is critical to successful mitigation of climate change by reducing anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. To achieve this we must understand how CO2 moves in the subsurface. Many interesting fluid mechanics problems emerge. Szulczewski, Hesse & Juanes (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 736, 2013, pp. 287–315) focus on one critical aspect, namely the dissolution of CO2 into the fluid resident in the subsurface and the flow dynamics that ensue. Even for this single problem, an elegant analysis identifies seven behavioural regimes that control the amount and timing of dissolution.
Dust-acoustic supersolitons in a three-species dusty plasma with kappa distributions
Authors: HELLBERG M. A. , BALUKU T. K. , VERHEEST F. , KOURAKIS I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSupersolitons are a form of soliton characterised, inter alia, by additional local extrema superimposed on the usual bipolar electric field signature. Previous studies of supersolitons supported by three-component plasmas have dealt with ion-acoustic structures. An analogous problem is now considered, namely, dust-acoustic supersolitons in a plasma composed of fluid negative dust grains and two kappa-distributed positive ion species. Calculations illustrating some supersoliton characteristics are presented.