bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dextran nanofiber production by needleless electrospinning process
Authors: Cengiz-Çallıoğlu Funda 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article presents the formation of a dextran nanofibrous layer by needleless electrospinning. Optimum process parameters such as polymer solution and addition (surfactant) concentration, voltage, distance, etc. were determined to obtain uniform and smooth dextran nanofibers. It was not possible to produce nanofibers from pure dextran/water solution. Instead, solution drops were deposited on the collector; therefore, anionic surfactant was added in various concentrations to start the nanofiber production. Also, the effects of surfactant concentration on the solution properties, spinnability and fiber properties were determined. Generally, uniform and fine nanofibers were obtained from the rod electrospinning method. The value of 2 wt% surfactant concentration was chosen as the optimum concentration to produce a dextran nanofibrous layer by roller electrospinning. According to the results, spinning performance was 0.6726 g/min per meter, average fiber diameter was 162 nm, diameter uniformity coefficient was 1.03 and the nonfibrous area was 0.5%. In conclusion, this methodology resulted in the production of good product properties such as good spinnability, fine and uniform nanofibers and high fiber density.
On Wolff's L
5/2-Kakeya maximal inequality in ℝ3
Authors: Miao Changxing , Yang Jianwei , Zheng Jiqiang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We reprove Wolff's L
5/2-bound for the ℝ3-Kakeya maximal function
without appealing to the argument of induction on scales.
The main ingredient in our proof is an adaptation of Sogge's strategy
used in the work on Nikodym-type sets in curved spaces.
Although the equivalence between these two type maximal functions
is well known, our proof may shed light on some new geometric observations
which is interesting in its own right.
STATCOM-Based Wind-Solar-Hydro Electric Power System with Modified Real and Reactive Power Controls
Authors: Ram Prabhakar J. , Ragavan K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a control of distributed generation (DG) system subjected to sudden rise in demand, faults on the distribution feeder and unbalanced load condition. The effects of line to ground faults on the system are investigated and control measures are taken to stabilize the generator speed and to improve voltage quality at the point of common coupling (PCC). The static shunt compensator (STATCOM) is connected at PCC to provide voltage support during sudden demand rise and fault on feeder. Moreover, the STATCOM control is devised such that even during unbalanced load condition the converter current and hydro-turbine–driven induction generator current is balanced. Owing to this, the double power frequency oscillations in the dc-link voltage and torque pulsations in generator can be averted. The STATCOM also supplies reactive power to the load. In addition to this, generation-demand mismatch is moderated using real and reactive power controllers. To demonstrate the performance of the DG system with the said control approach, model of system is simulated in Matlab–Simulink environment and the results are presented.
Detection of Electromechanical Wave Propagation Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements
Authors: Suryawanshi Prakash , Dambhare Sanjay , Pramanik Ashutosh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Considering electrical network as a continuum has become popular for electromechanical wave analysis. This paper reviews the concept of electromechanical wave propagation. Analysis of large number of generator ring system will be an easy way to illustrate wave propagation. The property of traveling waves is that the maximum and minimum values do not occur at the same time instants and hence the difference between these time delays can be easily calculated. The homogeneous, isotropic 10 generator ring system is modeled using electromagnetic transient simulation programs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the time delays and wave velocities using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD)/Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). The disturbances considered here are generator disconnections and line trips.
Thermally Stratified Stagnation Point Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid
Authors: Hayat T. , Hussain Zakir , Farooq M. , Alsaedi A. , Obaid Mustafa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper is devoted to examine the thermally stratified mixed convection flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid. The stagnation point flow towards a stretching surface is discussed. The boundary layer flow and energy equations are employed. Resulting partial differential systems are converted into the ordinary differential systems. Convergent series solutions for velocity and temperature are developed and analyzed. Numerical values of Nusselt number is computed and examined. Comparison of present study is shown with the previous results. It is found that velocity decreases through the stratified effects.
Studying the effect of a hydrostatic stress/strain reduction factor on damage mechanics of concrete materials
Authors: Taqieddin Ziad N. , Voyiadjis George Z. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the non-linear finite element analysis (NFEA) of concrete materials, continuum damage mechanics (CDM) provides a powerful framework for the derivation of constitutive models capable of describing the mechanical behavior of such materials. The internal state variables of CDM can be introduced to the elastic analysis of concrete to form elastic-damage models (no inelastic strains), or to the elastic-plastic analysis in order to form coupled/uncoupled elastic-plastic-damage models. Experimental evidence that is well documented in literature shows that the susceptibility of concrete to damage and failure is distinguished under deviatoric loading from that corresponding to hydrostatic loading. A reduction factor is usually introduced into a CDM model to reduce the susceptibility of concrete to hydrostatic stresses/strains. In this work, the effect of a hydrostatic stress/strain reduction factor on the performances of two NFEA concrete models will be studied. These two (independently published) models did not provide any results showing such effect. One of these two models is an elastic-damage model, whereas the other is an uncoupled elastic-plastic-damage model. Simulations and comparisons are carried out between the performances of the two models under uniaxial tensile and compressive loading conditions. Simulations are also provided for the uncoupled elastic-plastic-damage model under the following additional loading conditions: biaxial tension and biaxial compression, uniaxial cyclic loading, and varying ratios of triaxial compressive loadings. These simulations clearly show the effect of the reduction factor on the numerically depicted behaviors of concrete materials. To have rational comparisons, the hydrostatic stress reduction factor applied to each model is chosen to be a function of the internal state variables common to both models. Therefore, once the two models are calibrated to simulate the experimental behaviors, their corresponding reduction factors are readily available at every increment of the iterative NFEA procedures.
Schlaggesten beim Simultandolmetschen – Auftreten und Funktionen
Authors: Adam Carolin , Castro Ginette 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt has been observed that interpreters gesticulate in the booth although they are usually invisible to the audience. Researchers have attributed this to the interpreters’ need to organize their speech and explain the content to themselves. Studies in the area of bilingualism have revealed that gestures do not have a mere communicational function but can also improve word retrieval and facilitate speech production. The aim of this paper is to analyze beat gestures produced by interpreters during simultaneous interpreting. The relationship between occurrence of gestures, speech content and hesitations or self-correction is discussed.
Der Stein von Rosetta – Eine Exkursion zum Fundort
Authors: Schmitt Peter A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Rosetta Stone is one of the most important stone fragments in history. It is the most popular single object in London’s British Museum, has been the object of scholarly research and has had much written about it. Indeed, any account of the history of translation will at least mention the Rosetta Stone. Today, the name “Rosetta” is used metaphorically in the context of translation, foreign-language learning, and even space exploration. In the light of this, one would assume that all sources are in agreement on the facts but, surprisingly, this is not the case. This article shows that sources disagree even in the most obvious aspects, such as the material, colour, condition of the stone and, in particular, with respect to its discovery. Based on an excursion to Alexandria, Rashíd and the – in all likelihood – real discovery site in the Nile delta, this article provides facts and casts some doubt on the reliability of internet sources.
Mindfulness training for interpreting students
Authors: Ivars Amparo Jiménez , Calatayud Daniel Pinazo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this work we present the results of a study aimed at increasing performance quality in conference interpreting trainees through the development of the attention–regulatory practice of mindfulness. A review of the basic concepts of attention is presented as well as a review of the role of attention in interpreting as an extremely cognitive demanding task. The authors also introduce and review the concept of mindfulness from a theoretical and empirical perspective. Stress in interpreting is also addressed as a factor that may influence performance. An experimental study is presented in which focused attention practices are compared to relaxation practices in relation to performance in interpreting trainees.
Illegal Gold Mining and Violence in Colombia
Authors: Idrobo Nicolás , Mejía Daniel , Tribin Ana María 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe increase in the international price of commodities after the international financial crisis in 2008 produced a gold rush in the Colombian economy, making legal and illegal mining a very profitable and attractive business. The increase in the illegal exploitation of metals like gold has exacerbated violence in municipalities with an abundance of such minerals. Gold is believed to be a new engine in the Colombian conflict. This paper documents the phenomenon and quantifies the causal impact that the gold boom has had on indicators of violence such as homicides, forced displacement and massacres. We use the location of national parks, indigenous reserves and geochemical anomalies associated with the presence of gold mines as instruments for illegal mining in order to disentangle the causal effect of illegal mining on violence. By law, it is very difficult to get licenses for the extraction of gold in parks and indigenous reserves, and this might be a factor increasing the prevalence of illegal mining activities in municipalities with these features. In order to have time variation in our instruments, we interact geographical features associated with the presence of gold and illegal gold mining (which vary only at the municipal level) with the international price of gold. Our estimates indicate that the rise of illegal gold mining has caused a statistically significant increase in violence, as measured with the homicide rate and the victims of massacres. However, we do not find a significant causal effect of illegal gold mining on forced displacement. Our interpretation is that the increase in the profitability of illegal mining activities has sparked a dispute over territorial control between illegal armed groups in order to monopolize the extraction of the precious minerals. Nevertheless, illegal mining is a labor intensive activity, and this may have counteracted the incentives of illegal armed groups to displace local populations from their land.
Insecurity or Perception of Insecurity? Urban Crime and Dissatisfaction with Life: Evidence from the Case of Bogotá
Authors: Romero Dario 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn recent literature, life satisfaction and welfare have been extensively studied. However, limited attention has been given to the effect that crime may have over these variables. Using the case of Bogotá this paper shows that urban crime rates, specially murder rate, have a positive impact on individuals’ life dissatisfaction. This effect seems to be mediated by the general perception of insecurity and not by the households’ victimization. In particular the perception of insecurity has a great impact on the unhappiness of those households that changed their perceptions because of the criminal activity. The conclusion of this paper is that it is necessary not only to reduce the crime rates, but also to generate good security perceptions.
Carbon-11 labeled stilbene derivatives from natural products for the imaging of Aβ plaques in the brain
Authors: Cui Mengchao , Tang Ruikun , Zhang Jinming , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Zijing , Jia Hongmei , Liu Boli 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Four stilbene derivatives from natural products were screened as novel β-amyloid (Aβ) imaging ligands. In
vitro binding assay showed that the methylated ligand, (E)-1-methoxy-4-styrylbenzene (8) displayed high binding affinity to
Aβ
1−42 aggregates (K

i
= 19.5 nM). Moreover, the 11C-labeled ligand, [11C]8
was prepared through an O-methylation reaction using [11C]CH3OTf. In vitro autoradiography with sections of
transgenic mouse brain also confirmed the high and specific binding of [11C]8 to Aβ plaques. In
vivo biodistribution experiments in normal mice indicated that [11C]8 displayed high initial uptake (9.41 ± 0.51% ID/g at 5 min post-injection) into and rapid washout from the brain, with
a brain5
min/brain30
min ratio of 6.63. These preliminary results suggest that
[11C]8 may be served as a novel Aβ imaging probe for PET.
Nuclear fuel cycle-oriented actinides separation in China
Authors: Chen Jing , He Xihong , Wang Jianchen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the last decades, the separation of actinides was widely and continuously studied in China. A few kinds of salt-free
reductants to adjust Pu and Np valences have been investigated. N, N-dimethylhydroxylamine is a good reductant with high reduction
rate constants for the co-reduction of Pu(IV) and Np(VI), and monomethylhydrazine is a simple compound for the individual reduction of
Np(VI). Advanced PUREX based on Organic Reductants (APOR) was proposed. Trialkylphosphine oxide
(TRPO) with a single functional group was found to possess strong affinity to tri-, tetra- and hexa-valent
actinides. TRPO process has been first explored in China for actinides partitioning from high level waste and the good partitioning
performance was demonstrated by the hot test. High extraction selectivity for trivalent actinides over lanthanides by
dialkyldithiophosphinic acids was originally found in China. A separation process based on purified Cyanex 301 for the separation of Am
from lanthanides was presented and successfully tested in a battery of miniature centrifugal contactors.
Extraction complexes of Pu(IV) with carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide ligands: A relativistic density functional study
Authors: Wang Cong-Zhi , Lan Jian-Hui , Feng Yi-Xiao , Wei Yue-Zhou , Zhao Yu-Liang , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The extraction complexes of Pu(IV) with n-octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutyl-methylcarbamoyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) and
diphenyl-N,N-diisobutyl carbamoyl phosphine oxide (Ph2CMPO) have been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) combined
with relativistic small-core pseudopotentials. For most complexes, the CMPO and Ph2CMPO molecules are coordinated as bidentate
chelating ligands through the carbonyl oxygen and phosphoric oxygen atoms. The metal-ligand bonding is mainly ionic for all of these
complexes. The neutral PuL(NO3)4 and PuL2(NO3)4 complexes are predicted to be the most thermodynamically stable
molecules according to the metal-ligand complexation reactions. In addition, hydration energies may also play a significant role in the
extractability of CMPO and Ph2CMPO for the plutonium cations. In most cases, the complexes with CMPO possess qualitatively similar
geometries and electron structures to those with Ph2CMPO, and they also have comparable metal-ligand binding energies. Thus,
replacement of alkyl groups by phenyl groups at the phosphorus atom of CMPO seems to have no obvious influence on the extraction of
Pu(IV).
γ-radiation effect on dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 aqueous solution in the presence of metal cations
Authors: Yu Chuhong , Peng Jing , Li Jiuqiang , Zhai Maolin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

γ-radiation effect on dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) aqueous solution in the presence of metal cations, such as
K+ and Sr2+, was investigated, and some pale yellow precipitates were obtained at doses above 100 kGy. It was
found that the complexation interaction of metal cations could accelerate the conversion of DCH18C6 into oligomers and the formation of
precipitates, but it did not affect the formation mechanism of precipitates. Furthermore, the salting-out effect of metal cations
played an important role in the precipitation. In order to inhibit the radiation-induced precipitation of DCH18C6 in water phase,
nitric acid with a concentration of more than 1 M could be added to the system. The methods and results for analyzing
radiation-induced products reported in this work are useful to understand the radiation chemistry behavior of DCH18C6 which is used as
the extractant in the separation of long half-life radionuclides from spent nuclear fuel.
New nuclear facilities and their analytical applications in China
Authors: Zhang Z. Y. , He X. , Ma Y. H. , Ding Y. Y. , Chai Z. F. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Nuclear analytical techniques are a family of modern analytical methods that are based on nuclear reactions, nuclear effects,
nuclear radiations, nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear parameters, and nuclear facilities. Because of their combined characteristics of
sensitivity and selectivity, they are widely used in projects ranging from life sciences to deep-space exploration.In this review article, new nuclear facilities and their analytical applications in China are selectively reviewed, covering the
following aspects: large scientific facilities, national demands, and key scientific issues with the emphasis on the new achievements.
Extraction behavior of cesium and some typical fission and non-fission products with a new
1,3-di(1-decyloxy)-2,4-crown-6-calix[4]arene
Authors: Zhang Anyun , Dai Ying , Xu Lei , Chai Zhifang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A new macrocyclic supramolecular recognition agent, 1,3-di(1-decyloxy)-2,4-crown-6-calix[4]arene (DecylCalix[4]C6), was
synthesized by a multistep reaction through separation and purification by column chromatography packed with silica gel. The extraction
behavior of some representative fission and non-fission products such as La(III), Y(III), Cs(I), Rb(I), Pd(II), Mo(VI), Zr(IV), Sr(II),
Ba(II), Ru(III), Na(I), and K(I), which were contained in highly active liquid waste (HLW), with DecylCalix[4]C6/1-octanol in HNO3
medium was investigated, in particular by examining the impact of contact time, the HNO3 concentration in the range of 0.4 to
5.0 M, and the temperature. DecylCalix[4]C6 showed excellent extraction ability and high selectivity for Cs(I) over the
tested metals except for Rb(I). It was attributed to the effective recognition and complxation of DecylCalix[4]C6 for Cs(I). The
optimum HNO3 concentration for the Cs(I) extraction was 3.0 M. The composition of the extracted species of Cs(I) with
DecylCalix[4]C6 was determined to be (CsDecylCalix [4]C6)NO3. It is valuable for the effective partitioning of Cs(I) from highly
active liquid waste with DecylCalix[4]C6 by liquid-liquid solvent extraction.
High-temperature mechanical behavior of Al-Cu matrix composites containing diboride particles
Authors: Suárez Oscar Marcelo , Cortes-Urrego Natalia , Soto-Medina Sujeily , Marty-Flores Deborah 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
An aluminum-copper matrix composite reinforced with aluminum diboride particles was studied at high temperature via thermomechanometry experiments. The matrix contained 2 wt% Cu, whereas the amount of boron forming AlB2 ranged from 0 to 4 wt%, i.e., 0 to 8.31 vol% of diboride particles. In the first segment of the research, we demonstrated that larger amounts of AlB2 particles raised the composite hardness even at 300°C. To assess the material creep behavior, another set of specimens were tested under 1 N compression at 400°C and 500°C for 12 h. Higher levels of AlB2 allowed the composites to withstand compression creep deformations at those temperatures. By using existing creep models developed for metal matrix composites we were able to determine that viscous slip deformation was the dominant deformation mechanism for the temperatures and stress levels used in our experiments. Additionally, the computed creep activation energy for these aluminum matrix composites were found comparable to the energies reported for other similar materials, for instance, Al/SiCp composites.
MicroRNA expression patterns associated with hyperfunctioning and non-hyperfunctioning phenotypes in adrenocortical adenomas
Authors: Velázquez-Fernández David , Caramuta Stefano , Özata Deniz M , Lu Ming , Höög Anders , Bäckdahl Martin , Larsson Catharina , Lui Weng-Onn , Zedenius Jan 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) entity includes aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA), and non-hyperfunctioning adenoma (NHFA) phenotypes. While gene mutations and mRNA expression profiles have been partly characterized, less is known about the alterations involving microRNA (miRNA) expression.AimTo characterize miRNA expression profile in relation to the subtypes of ACAs.Subjects and methodsmiRNA expression profiles were determined in 26 ACAs (nine APAs, ten CPAs, and seven NHFAs) and four adrenal references using microarray-based screening. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) was carried out to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between ACA and adrenal cortices or between tumor subtypes. Selected differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in an extended series of 43 ACAs and ten adrenal references by quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsAn hierarchical clustering revealed separate clusters for APAs and CPAs, while the NHFAs were found spread out within the APA/CPA clusters. When NHFA was excluded, the clustering analysis showed a better separation between APA and CPA. SAM analysis identified 40 over-expressed and three under-expressed miRNAs in the adenomas as compared with adrenal references. Fourteen miRNAs were common among the three ACA subtypes. Furthermore, we found specific miRNAs associated with different tumor phenotypes.ConclusionThe results suggest that miRNA expression profiles can distinguish different subtypes of ACA, which may contribute to a deeper understanding of ACA development and potential therapeutics.