bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Steroid Derivatives and Butyrolactone Derivatives from a Gorgonian‐Derived Aspergillus sp. Fungus
Authors: Chen Min , Wang Kai‐Ling , Liu Min , She Zhi‐Gang , Wang Chang‐Yun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSix steroid derivatives, 1–6, and five butyrolactone derivatives, 7–11, were isolated from the fermentation broth of a gorgonian‐derived Aspergillus sp. fungus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data. Compound 1 is a new, highly conjugated steroid. The NMR and MS data of 7 and 8 are reported for the first time, as their structures were listed in SciFinder Scholar with no associated reference. Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 8–11 inhibited the larval settlement of barnacle Balanus amphitrite with EC50 values ranging from 0.63 to 18.4 μg ml−1. Butyrolactone derivatives 7 and 8 showed pronounced antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with the same MIC values as the positive control ciprofloxacin (MIC 1.56 μM for all three compounds).
Argania spinosa var. mutica and var. apiculata: Variation of Fatty‐Acid Composition, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant and α‐Amylase‐Inhibitory Activities among Varieties, Organs, and Development Stages
Authors: El Adib Saifeddine , Aissi Oumayma , Charrouf Zoubida , Ben Jeddi Fayçal , Messaoud Chokri 
Published: September 2015

AbstractArgania spinosa includes two varieties, var. apiculata and var. mutica. These argan varieties were introduced into Tunisia in ancient times and are actually cultivated in some botanic gardens. Little is known about the chemical differentiation among these argan varieties. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the fatty‐acid composition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant and α‐amylase‐inhibitory activities of leaf, seed, and pulp extracts of both argan varieties harvested during the months of January to April. The fatty‐acid distribution was found to depend on the argan variety, the plant organ, and the harvest time. Significant variations in the phenolic contents were observed between the investigated varieties as well as between leaves, pulps, and seeds of each variety. As expected, phenolic compounds were found to be contributors to the antioxidant and α‐amylase‐inhibitory activities of both argan varieties. The chemical differentiation observed among the two argan varieties, based mainly on the fatty‐acid composition, might have some chemotaxonomic value.
Merosesquiterpenoids and Ten‐Membered Macrolides from a Soft Coral‐Derived Lophiostoma sp. Fungus
Authors: Zheng Cai‐Juan , Shao Chang‐Lun , Chen Min , Niu Zhi‐Gang , Zhao Dong‐Lin , Wang Chang‐Yun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOne new merosesquiterpenoid, craterellin D (1), along with one known analog, craterellin A (2), and five known ten‐membered macrolides, 3–7, were isolated from a soft coral‐derived Lophiostoma sp. fungus. The absolute configuration of 1 was established based on biogenetic consideration with the co‐isolated analog 2, whose configuration was determined by modified Mosher's method and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis using CuKα radiation. The absolute configuration of 3 was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis using CuKα radiation. Compounds 2 and 3 showed antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus with a MIC value of 3.12 μM.
Polyketides from Mantis‐Associated Fungus Daldinia eschscholzii IFB‐TL01
Authors: Wang Gang , Fan Jing‐Yang , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Hua Cheng‐Pin , Chen Chao‐Jun , Yan Wei , Ge Hui‐Ming , Jiao Rui‐Hua , Tan Ren‐Xiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThree new polyketides, named daldinone F (1), nodulisporin G (2), and dalmanol C (3), together with five known compounds, 4–8, were isolated from cultures of Daldinia eschscholzii. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS analyses. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against SW480 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 9.59 μM, and its absolute configuration was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Nematicidal Triterpenoids from Lantana camara
Authors: Begum Sabira , Ayub Anjum , Shaheen Siddiqui Bina , Fayyaz Shahina , Kazi Firoza 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new triterpene, lancamarolide (1), and seven known triterpenes, oleanonic acid (2), lantadene A (3), 11α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxours‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (4), betulinic acid (5), lantadene B (6), and lantaninilic acid (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara in the course of bioassay‐guided isolation, and their nematicidal activities against Meloidogyne incognita, the root knot nematode, were carried out. Oleanonic acid was found to be the most active compound and exhibited 80% mortality after 72 h at 0.0625% concentration, which is comparable with that of the standard furadan.
Cascading effects of belowground predators on plant communities are density‐dependent
Authors: Thakur Madhav Prakash , Herrmann Martina , Steinauer Katja , Rennoch Saskia , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSoil food webs comprise a multitude of trophic interactions that can affect the composition and productivity of plant communities. Belowground predators feeding on microbial grazers likeCollembola could decelerate nutrient mineralization by reducing microbial turnover in the soil, which in turn could negatively influence plant growth. However, empirical evidences for the ecological significance of belowground predators on nutrient cycling and plant communities are scarce. Here, we manipulated predator density (Hypoaspis aculeifer: predatory mite) with equal densities of threeCollembola species as a prey in four functionally dissimilar plant communities in experimental microcosms: grass monoculture (Poa pratensis), herb monoculture (Rumex acetosa), legume monoculture (Trifolium pratense), and all three species as a mixed plant community. Density manipulation of predators allowed us to test for density‐mediated effects of belowground predators onCollembola and lower trophic groups. We hypothesized that predator density will reduceCollembola population causing a decrease in nutrient mineralization and hence detrimentally affect plant growth. First, we found a density‐dependent population change in predators, that is, an increase in low‐density treatments, but a decrease in high‐density treatments. Second, prey suppression was lower at high predator density, which caused a shift in the soil microbial community by increasing the fungal: bacterial biomass ratio, and an increase of nitrification rates, particularly in legume monocultures. Despite the increase in nutrient mineralization, legume monocultures performed worse at high predator density. Further, individual grass shoot biomass decreased in monocultures, while it increased in mixed plant communities with increasing predator density, which coincided with elevated soil N uptake by grasses. As a consequence, high predator density significantly increased plant complementarity effects indicating a decrease in interspecific plant competition. These results highlight that belowground predators can relax interspecific plant competition by increasing nutrient mineralization through their density‐dependent cascading effects on detritivore and soil microbial communities.
Two New Sesquiterpenes from Myrrh
Authors: Zhao Nan , Yang Guo‐Chun , Li Da‐Hong , Li Xin‐Yu , Li Zhan‐Lin , Bai Jiao , Liu Xiao‐Qiu , Hua Hui‐Ming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTwo new sesquiterpenes, named 9‐methoxymyrrhone (1) and rel‐(1S,2S,3R,4S)‐1,2‐epoxy‐3‐methoxyfuranogermacr‐10(15)‐en‐6‐one (2), together with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated from the resin of Commiphora opobalsamum. The structures were established by HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic analyses.
Meta-analysis of Vitamin D–Binding Protein and Cancer Risk
Authors: Tagliabue Elena , Raimondi Sara , Gandini Sara 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground: Epidemiologic evidence supported a role for vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in cancer risk. Beyond VDR, the biologic effects of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D–binding protein (DBP), a key protein in vitamin D metabolism. Furthermore, the gene encoding the DBP (GC, group-specific component) has an important role in the vitamin D pathway. Several studies investigated DBP serologic levels and GC polymorphisms in association with cancer risk with controversial results. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to investigate these associations.Methods: We included 28 independent studies concerning the following tumors: basal cell carcinoma, bladder, breast, colon–rectum, endometrium, liver, esophagus, stomach, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and kidney. Through random-effect models, we calculated the summary odds ratios (SOR) for serum DBP and the GC polymorphisms rs2282679, rs12512631, rs7041, rs4588, rs17467825, rs1155563, and rs1352844.Results: We found a borderline decrease in cancer risk for subjects with high compared with low levels of DBP [SOR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–1.00]. Dose–response meta-analysis indicates a nonsignificant decrease risk for an increase of 1,000 nmol/L of DBP (SOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91–1.01). We found no significant alterations in cancer risk for subjects carrying any of the studied GC polymorphisms compared with wild-type subjects both in the main analysis and in analyses stratified by cancer type and ethnicity.Conclusions: We found trends toward significance, suggesting a role of DBP in cancer etiology, which should be confirmed in further studies.Impact: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate GC polymorphisms and DBP serologic levels in association with any type of cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1758–65. ©2015 AACR.
Recepção internacional de Machado de Assis: um debate em torno da disjuntiva local vs. universal
Authors: Bordini Maria Isabel 
Published: September 2015

<p>Procuramos analisar a oposição entre os conceitos de <em>local </em>e <em>universal</em>, oposição que aparece em alguns textos críticos acerca da recepção internacional da obra de Machado de Assis que foram publicados ao longo da última década. Os críticos e pesquisadores cujas ideias comentamos, e cujos artigos compuseram um debate sobre a inserção da obra machadiana no cenário internacional, são, nomeadamente, Michael Wood, Roberto Schwarz e Abel Barros Baptista. Nossa análise e comentário sobre o debate entre eles desenvolvido conta ainda, como ponto de fuga, com nosso posicionamento de que o uso da disjuntiva <em>local vs. universal</em> comporta o risco de ocultar a realidade histórico-social em que o fenômeno literário está inserido. Faz-se necessário, portanto, buscar outras categorias que deem conta de forma mais equilibrada de toda a complexidade envolvida na produção e recepção literária, em geral, e na produção e recepção da obra machadiana, em particular.</p><p>PALAVRAS-CHAVE:<em> </em>local; universal; crítica; recepção; Machado de Assis<em> </em></p><p> </p>
É possível saber que horas são no entre-lugar?
Authors: Fogal Alex Alves 
Published: September 2015

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O objetivo do artigo é contrastar o método crítico de Roberto Schwarz e o de Silviano Santiago, dois grandes nomes no que diz respeito ao tema da posição da literatura brasileira no ocidente. Apesar de se interessarem pela mesma questão, o estudo almeja demonstrar partem de pressupostos bem distintos e chegam a resultados totalmente diversos. O primeiro, inspirado por autores de ponta da crítica dialética, como Walter Benjamin e Adorno, se empenha em demonstrar que a condição de nosso sistema literário e de nossa cultura não deve ser pensada a partir de um ponto de vista a-histórico, uma vez que a forma estética possui objetividade e não deve ser resumida a um jogo verbal. Fazer isso seria concebê-la de modo metafisico. Já o segundo, fundamentado por uma lógica pós-estruturalista, via Derrida, acredita se tratar de uma questão do âmbito do discurso, dependendo, portanto, da maneira como a realidade é “lida” pelo sujeito.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Roberto Schwarz, Silviano Santiago, método crítico.</p> <p>.</p>
Potentials of Organic Agriculture in Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Gopal Datt , Doppler Werner , KC Krishna Bahadur 
Published: September 2015

Increasing use of agro-chemicals, higher production cost and deteriorating ecosystem health have advocated the need to change traditional and external input use agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production. Current research focuses on the constraints and opportunities of organic agriculture and consumers' awareness and willingness to pay more for organic vegetables by selecting producers from Lalitpur and Bhaktpur districts using spatial sampling and consumers from Kathmandu valley randomly. Data obtained from structured questionnaire were subjected to descriptive and econometric analysis and willingness to pay analysis. Most of the farmers interviewed are aware about the negative repercussion of the indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals. Organic vegetables are either home delivered and/or sold to the specialized niche markets. All domestic organic products reach to consumers without labeling. Most of the organic consumers are willing to pay eight rupees more for labeled organic vegetables. Currently organic farmers rely only on consumers' willingness to pay more to obtain a compensation for lower yields. Family income, education, profession etc are key attributes of the consumers shaping their decision to buy organic vegetables. Organic industry is too small and a long way to go in Nepal. Political commitments such as avoiding conflicting drive to maximize production, hammering proactive policy, initiating organic technology research, providing market incentives and institutionalization of Nepalese organic movement are imperative to further enhance organic sector in Nepal. Key words: Awareness; Consumers; Marketing; Organic vegetables; Regression; Willingness to payThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 14
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Organic Products: A Case From Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Aryal Kamal P. , Chaudhary Pashupati , Pandit Sangita , Sharma Govinda 
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the consumers' willingness to pay a price premium for organic products in Kathmandu Valley. The Nepal Permaculture Group surveyed 180 consumers using semi-structured questionnaires to examine peoples' perception about organic products and assess their willingness to pay for such products. The study revealed that all respondents are willing to pay price premium, but the level of acceptability varied considerably. A total of 58% of the consumers are willing to pay 6- 20% price premium, whereas 13% are willing to pay up to 50% premium. The average premium was estimated about 30%. About 39% of the respondents feel the extra cost for organic products is reasonable, while 27% considered it too high. The survey also suggested that the consumption of organic products is increasing; however, product development and innovations in certification, processing, labeling and packaging are needed to further stimulate demand. Key words: Certification; Consumer perception; Organic products; Price premium; Processing; Willingness to payThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 15-26
Observation of a new class of electric discharges within artificial clouds of charged water droplets and its implication for lightning initiation within thunderclouds
Authors: Kostinskiy Alexander Yu. , Syssoev Vladimir S. , Bogatov Nikolay A. , Mareev Evgeny A. , Andreev Mikhail G. , Makalsky Leonid M. , Sukharevsky Dmitry I. , Rakov Vladimir A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have observed unusual plasma formations (UPFs) in artificial clouds of charged water droplets using a high‐speed infrared camera operating in conjunction with a high‐speed visible‐range camera. Inferred plasma parameters were close to those of long‐spark leaders observed in the same experiments, while the channel morphology was distinctly different from that of leaders, so that UPFs can be viewed as a new type of in‐cloud discharge. These formations can occur in the absence of spark leaders and appear to be manifestations of collective processes building, essentially from scratch, a complex hierarchical network of interacting channels at different stages of development (some of which are hot and live for milliseconds). We believe that the phenomenon should commonly occur in thunderclouds and might give insights on the missing link in the still poorly understood lightning initiation process.
A multivariate conditional model for streamflow prediction and spatial precipitation refinement
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Zhou Ping , Chen Xiuzhi , Guan Yinghui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effective prediction and estimation of hydrometeorological variables are important for water resources planning and management. In this study, we propose a multivariate conditional model for streamflow prediction and the refinement of spatial precipitation estimates. This model consists of high dimensional vine copulas, conditional bivariate copula simulations, and a quantile‐copula function. The vine copula is employed because of its flexibility in modeling the high dimensional joint distribution of multivariate data by building a hierarchy of conditional bivariate copulas. We investigate two cases to evaluate the performance and applicability of the proposed approach. In the first case, we generate one month ahead streamflow forecasts that incorporate multiple predictors including antecedent precipitation and streamflow records in a basin located in South China. The prediction accuracy of the vine‐based model is compared with that of traditional data‐driven models such as the support vector regression (SVR) and the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The results indicate that the proposed model produces more skillful forecasts than SVR and ANFIS. Moreover, this probabilistic model yields additional information concerning the predictive uncertainty. The second case involves refining spatial precipitation estimates derived from the tropical rainfall measuring mission precipitationproduct for the Yangtze River basin by incorporating remotely sensed soil moisture data and the observed precipitation from meteorological gauges over the basin. The validation results indicate that the proposed model successfully refines the spatial precipitation estimates. Although this model is tested for specific cases, it can be extended to other hydrometeorological variables for predictions and spatial estimations.
Indium: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Banger Kulbinder K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

An update for select advances in the chemistry of organoindium compounds containing at least one In–C bond is reported. In particular, the various synthesis protocols to these are discussed, as well as characterization of homoleptic and heteroleptic organoindium derivatives; organoindium (0), (I), and (
II
) compounds; and anionic compounds is also reported. An examination of mixed metal complexes is also reported for both low valent systems as well as for In(
III
) oxidation state. Furthermore, the use of organoindium compounds for thin film, nanotechnology organic synthesis, and catalysis is discussed.
Beryllium: Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Keizer Timothy S. , Scott Brian L. , McCleskey T. M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The element beryllium has many unique properties including a combination of strength and low density for the metal that makes it useful in a wide variety of applications. The utility of beryllium is complicated by its negative health effects. Most notably, exposure to beryllium, in certain susceptible individuals, causes a granulomatous disorder of the lungs called chronic beryllium disease. The inorganic chemistry and speciation of beryllium under aqueous conditions is critical to understanding the physiological response. The fundamental aqueous speciation at low
pH
has been studied in detail, but limited inorganic chemistry was done at near neutral conditions because above
pH
5.5, beryllium begins to precipitate as polymeric beryllium hydroxide [Be(
OH
)2]

n

. The fluoride ion exhibits the highest affinity for the Be
2+
ion in aqueous conditions. There are few organic, monodentate ligands that interact with beryllium at higher
pH
in aqueous conditions, including acetate that forms the polynuclear species Be4(
OAc
)6. Polynuclear species are also formed with citric acid (
CA
), which solubilizes beryllium at molar concentration across the entire
pH
range. Stable mixed metal species are observed both in the natural mineral beryl and in the solution studies with CA. A general model of inorganic beryllium binding that explains many of the observed interactions with both mononuclear and polynuclear ligands is that Be
2+
displaces a proton from strong hydrogen bonds, which thermodynamically favor the tetrahedral geometry of Be as opposed to the nearly linear geometry typically observed for hydrogen bonding. Limited beryllium studies with proteins show interaction with more than one beryllium atom. In the case of transferrin, this can be explained by multiple strong hydrogen bond sites present within the protein.
Direct Construction of the 9H‐Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]azepin‐9‐amine Skeleton via [4+3] Annulation of Alkyl 2‐Aroyl‐1‐chlorocyclo‐ propanecarboxylates
Authors: Hu Junhao , Liu Yang , Gong Yuefa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA direct diastereoselective synthesis approach of important 9H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]azepin‐9‐amines was established via base‐promoted [4+3] annulation between donor–acceptor reagents derived from 1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehydes and alkyl 2‐aroyl‐1‐chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates. This transition metal‐free domino reaction proceeded quickly under mild basic conditions, affording potentially bioactive azepine derivatives in moderate to high yields with high diastereoselectivities (up to >20:1).magnified image
Gold Nanoparticles Supported on a Layered Double Hydroxide as Efficient Catalysts for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Flavones
Authors: Yatabe Takafumi , Jin Xiongjie , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFlavones are a class of natural products with diverse biological activities and have frequently been synthesized by step‐by‐step procedures using stoichiometric amounts of reagents. Herein, a catalytic one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of flavone and its derivatives is developed. In the presence of gold nanoparticles supported on a Mg‐Al layered double hydroxide (Au/LDH), various kinds of flavones can be synthesized starting from 2′‐hydroxyacetophenones and benzaldehydes (or benzyl alcohols). The present one‐pot procedure consists of a sequence of several reactions, and Au/LDH can catalyze all these different types of reactions. The catalysis is shown to be truly heterogeneous, and Au/LDH can be readily recovered and reused.
Recyclable Ligands for the Non‐Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Challenging α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Nian Yong , Wang Jiang , Zhou Shengbin , Wang Shuni , Moriwaki Hiroki , Kawashima Aki , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStructurally simple and inexpensive chiral tridentate ligands were employed for substantially advancing the purely chemical dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of unprotected racemic tailor‐made α‐amino acids (TM‐α‐AAs), enabling the first DKR of TM‐α‐AAs bearing tertiary alkyl chains as well as multiple unprotected functional groups. Owing to the operationally convenient conditions, virtually complete stereoselectivity, and full recyclability of the source of chirality, this method should find wide applications for the preparation of TM‐α‐AAs, especially on large scale.