bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the electrical properties of Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MOSHFETs by gate‐first process
Authors: Miyazaki Eiji , Kishimoto Shigeru , Mizutani Takashi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have studied “gate‐first process” in the fabrication of the Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN metal‐oxide‐semiconductor heterostructure field‐effect transistors (MOSHFETs) to improve the electrical properties of the MOSHFETs, where Al2O3 gate oxide is deposited before ohmic contact alloying. The interface state density of the Al2O3/GaN MOS diodes fabricated by the gate‐first process was more than one order of magnitude smaller than that of the diodes fabricated by the conventional “gate‐last process” where Al2O3 gate oxide was deposited after ohmic contact alloying. In addition, the saturation of the drain current at large gate voltages in the ID‐VGS characteristics of the Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MOSHFETs was relaxed and the maximum drain current was increased by employing the gate‐first process. The hysteresis width of the ID‐VGS curve of the MOSHFETs fabricated by the gate‐first process was smaller than that of the devices fabricated by the gate‐last process. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Family of Hydrazone‐Based Nucleosides for Use in Metal‐Mediated Base Pairs
Authors: Radunsky Christian , Megger Dominik A. , Hepp Alexander , Kösters Jutta , Freisinger Eva , Müller Jens 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new family of hydrazone‐based nucleosides for use in metal‐mediated base pairs was devised. The artificial nucleobases are derivatives of the papy ligand (papy = pyridinecarboxaldehyde‐2′‐pyridylhydrazone). By replacing the pendant pyridine moiety in papy by furan and thiophene, respectively, tridentate nucleosides with N, N, N‐, N, N, O‐ and N, N, S‐donor sites were obtained. As only a few transition metal complexes with pendant furan ligands have been reported, a model nucleobase for the N, N, O‐donor nucleoside was synthesized. The molecular structures of its Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ complexes are reported. In all complexes, only weak M–O(furan) bonding is observed. The Co2+ complex displays a pentagonal bipyramidal coordination arrangement. In general, the structures of the metal complexes suggest that the respective nucleosides can be applied in metal‐mediated base pairs.
Cannabis use and related harms in the transition to young adulthood: A longitudinal study of Australian secondary school students
Authors: Scholes‐Balog Kirsty E. , Hemphill Sheryl A. , Patton George C. , Toumbourou John W. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe current study documents the changing rates of cannabis use, misuse and cannabis‐related social harms among Australian adolescents as they grow into young adulthood. It utilised data from a longitudinal study of young people at ages 15, 16, 17, and 19. The rates of cannabis use were found to increase as participants aged; past year use increased from 7.5% at age 15 to 29.8% at age 19. Further, at ages 17 and 19, cannabis use was more prevalent among males than females. Among those who reported cannabis use, the rates of cannabis‐related harms were low to moderate, and did not increase with age in the same manner as rates of cannabis use. The most prevalent self‐reported cannabis‐related harm was anxiety/depression; affecting between 20–30% of the cannabis users at each age. These findings may assist in understanding the extent of cannabis‐related problems among youth, and in planning relevant services.
Transportation Costs and the Social Savings of Railroads in Latin America. The Case of Peru
Authors: Zegarra Luis Felipe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article estimates the social savings of the railroads in Peru in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The construction of railroads made it possible for Peruvians to substitute the traditional system of mules and llamas, although only for a few routes. Using primary and secondary sources, I estimate the social savings for 1890, 1904, 1914 and 1918. Social savings ranged between 0.3 per cent and 1.3 per cent of GDP in 1890, but then increased to a range between 3.6 per cent and 9.4 per cent of GDP in 1918. The social savings of railroads in Peru were comparable to those for the United States and Great Britain but were much lower than those for Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, largely because Peru had very few railroads.
Distribution and ecology of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) on Byers Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Rico Eugenio , Quesada Antonio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study describes the ecology and distribution of the only two native Antarctic insects, the chironomid species Parochlus steinenii and Belgica antarctica, both found on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands). Parochlus steinenii inhabits lakes of the central plateau of Byers Peninsula associated with aquatic mosses on the bottom of lakes and in some streams of the South Beach area. Some streams have stable populations which are able to complete their life cycle while other streams have temporary, unstable populations. Belgica antarctica also inhabits streams running through mosses located in the South Beach area. Our data indicate that this species has a limited dispersal capability which is positively light activated for both adults and pupae. Both Antarctic midge species coexists on Byers Peninsula and share some stretches of streams. Isotopic studies show a non-selective feeding regime for both species with mixed carbon sources associated with both biofilm/microbial mats and mosses.
An overview of English Resources for Chinese Legal Research
Authors: Bahrij John , Ko Lily 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article, written by John Bahrij and Lily Ko, focuses on resources in print and electronic form that are available in English for Chinese legal research in the Greater China region. The article covers resources for the People's Republic of China (PRC), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR) and Taiwan. An overview of each jurisdictions legal system is also provided so that the resources can be discussed in the context of the prevailing system of law.
Long timescale radio emission variability and spin-down changes in PSR J0738-4042
Authors: Karastergiou Aris , Brook Paul , Roberts Steve , Buchner Sarah , Johnston Simon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecently, PSR J0738-4042 has grown a bright new emission component in its average pulse profile. Using data from Parkes and HartRAO, spanning back to the early 1980s, and applying statistical techniques to model the pulse profile shape with time, we have uncovered unexpected long-term variability, which is very well correlated with changes in the spin-down rate. We present these findings in the context of a growing population of radio-variable pulsars with correlated timing irregularities, including the intermittent pulsars, state-changing pulsars and other individual examples.
Galactic structure and turbulence, pulsar distances, and the intergalactic medium
Authors: Cordes J. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper summarizes how multi-wavelength measurements will be aggregated to determine Galactic structure in the interstellar medium (ISM) and produce the next-generation electron density model. Fluctuations in density and magnetic field from parsec scales down to about 1000 km cause a number of propagation effects in both radio waves and cosmic rays. Density microstructure appears to include Kolmogorov-like turbulence. The next generation electron-density model, NE2012, will include about double the number of lines of sight with dispersion and scattering measurements and it will be anchored with a much larger number of pulsar parallax distances. The foreground Galactic model is crucial for inferring similar ionized structures in the intergalactic medium (IGM) from scattering measurements on high-z objects. Intergalactic scattering is discussed with reference to distant sources of radio bursts. In particular, the cosmological radio scattering horizon is defined along with its analog for the ISM.
Modeling of pulsar magnetospheres
Authors: Spitkovsky Anatoly 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe inner workings of pulsar magnetospheres have fascinated and confused researchers since the discovery of pulsars. I will review the status of magnetospheric models, including vacuum, space-charge-limited and resistive force-free MHD. I will highlight model predictions for the integrated pulsar quantities (such as spin down and torques) and the observational consequences of calculated magnetic field structure. Particularly, high-energy emission from pulsars allows putting new constraints on the geometry of the emission region and the physics of particle acceleration in the magnetosphere.
High magnetic field pulsars with magnetar-like activity
Authors: Aoki Yuta 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo study the origin of magnetars, a unique opportunity is provided by detecting an excess of X-ray thermal radiation of the radio pulsars (rotation powered pulsars) with dipolar magnetic fields as high as magnetars. The excess is probably caused by decay of the magnetic field as seen in magnetars. In order to investigate whether the rotation powered pulsars have the excess flux and the hard-tail component similar to magnetars, we observed PSR J0726-2612 which has a 3.44 s period and a 3 × 1013 G inferred dipolar magnetic field, with Suzaku for 44 ks on 2011 November 16-17. We report this observational result. We also compare with other observations and discuss a decaying of the magnetic field for normal radio pulsars.
Does a hadron-quark phase transition in dense matter preclude the existence of massive neutron stars?
Authors: Chamel N. , Fantina A. F. , Pearson J. M. , Goriely S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe study the impact of a hadron-quark phase transition on the maximum neutron-star mass. The hadronic part of the equation of state relies on the most up-to-date Skyrme nuclear energy density functionals, fitted to essentially all experimental nuclear mass data and constrained to reproduce the properties of infinite nuclear matter as obtained from microscopic calculations using realistic forces. We show that the softening of the dense matter equation of state due to the phase transition is not necessarily incompatible with the existence of massive neutron stars like PSR J1614–2230.
Microlensing pulsars
Authors: Dai Shi , Xu Renxin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe propose to determine the mass of isolated neutron stars through gravitational microlensing. We show that the all-sky microlensing pulsar event rate is ~2.8 × 10−10 per year per background source (/yr/source). Microlensing neutron star event rate would contribute ~20% to the total Galactic event rate at time-scale of ~15 days. We also present catalogue comparisons between known pulsars and background stars. We find that several pulsars would pass by background stars closely and may cause observable astrometric microlensing phenomenon. According to our covariance analysis, the uncertainty of masses determined through astrometric microlensing could be ~20%. Therefore, gravitational microlensing is a promising way to determine the mass of isolated neutron stars with future advanced radio and optical telescopes.
SPAN512: A new mid-latitude pulsar survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope
Authors: Desvignes Gregory , Cognard Ismaël , Champion David , Lazarus Patrick , Lespagnol Patrice , Smith David A. , Theureau Gilles 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present an ongoing survey with the Nançay Radio Telescope at L-band. The targeted area is 74° ≲ l < 150° and 3.5° < |b| < 5°. This survey is characterized by a long integration time (18 min), large bandwidth (512 MHz) and high time and frequency resolution (64 μs and 0.5 MHz) giving a nominal sensitivity limit of 0.055 mJy for long period pulsars. This is about 2 times better than the mid-latitude HTRU survey, and is designed to be complementary with current large scale surveys. This survey will be more sensitive to transients (RRATs, intermittent pulsars), distant and faint millisecond pulsars as well as scintillating sources (or any other kind of radio faint sources) than all previous short-integration surveys.
Spin rotation, Chandler wobble and free core nutation of isolated multi-layer pulsars
Authors: Gusev Alexander , Kitiashvili Irina 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAt present time there are investigations of precession and nutation for very different celestial multi-layer bodies: the Earth (Getino 1995), Moon (Gusev 2010), planets of Solar system (Gusev 2010) and pulsars (Link et al. 2007). The long-periodic precession phenomenon was detected for few pulsars: PSR B1828-11, PSR B1557-50, PSR 2217+47, PSR 0531+21, PSR B0833-45, and PSR B1642-03. Stairs, Lyne & Shemar (2000) have found that the arrival-time residuals from PSR B1828-11 vary periodically with a different periods. According to our model, the neutron star has the rigid crust (RC), the fluid outer core (FOC) and the solid inner core (SIC). The model explains generation of four modes in the rotation of the pulsar: two modes of Chandler wobble (CW, ICW) and two modes connecting with free core nutation (FCN, FICN) (Gusev & Kitiashvili 2008). We are propose the explanation for all harmonics of Time of Arrival (TOA) pulses variations as precession of a neutron star owing to differential rotation of RC, FOC and crystal SIC of the pulsar PSR B1828-11: 250, 500, 1000 days. We used canonical method for interpretation TOA variations by Chandler Wobble (CW) and Free Core Nutation (FCN) of pulsar.The two - layer model can explain occurrence twin additional fashions in rotation pole motion of a NS: CW and FCN. In the frame of the three-layer model we investigate the free rotation of dynamically-symmetrical PSR by Hamilton methods. Correctly extending theory of SIC-FOC-RC differential rotation for neutron star, we investigated dependence CW, ICW, FCN and FICN periods from flatness of different layers of pulsar.Our investigation showed that interaction between rigid crust, RIC and LOC can be characterized by four modes of periodic variations of rotation pole: CW, retrograde Free Core Nutation (FCN), prograde Free Inner Core Nutation (FICN) and Inner Core Wobble (ICW). In the frame of the three-layer model we proposed the explanation for all pulse fluctuations by differential rotation crust, outer core and inner core of the neutron star and received estimations of dynamical flattening of the pulsar inner and outer cores, including the heat dissipation. We have offered the realistic model of the dynamical pulsar structure and two explanations of the feature of flattened of the crust, the outer core and the inner core of the pulsar.
Infrared AKARI observations of magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586
Authors: Kohmura Takayoshi , Kaneko Kenta , Ikeda Shoma , Morii Mikio , Asano Katsuaki , Shirahara Mai , Shibazaki Noriaki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe observed two magnetars, 4U 0142+61 and 1E2259+568, with the Japanese infrared satellite AKARI to search for the time variability at wavelengths between 2-4 μm. We significantly detected 4U0142+61 in the 4μm band, and determined flux upper limits in the other two bands. We did not detect 1E 2259+586 in any of the bands, and determined upper limits. Comparing the detection of 4U 0142+61 in the 4μm band with the Spitzer observation from 2005, we found the flux was reduced to be 64%. We interpret this time variability in the infrared band as an increase of the inner radius of the dust disk around the neutron star, where the increase is due to the sublimation of the dust by the large flare of neutron star itself.
Broadband spectral investigations of SGR J1550–5418 bursts
Authors: Lin Lin , Göğüş Ersin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present the results of our broadband (0.5 − 200 keV) spectral analysis of 42 SGR J1550–5418 bursts simultaneously detected with the Swift/X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), during the 2009 January active episode of the source. We find that, on average, the burst spectra are better described with two blackbody functions than with the Comptonized model. Thus, our joint XRT/GBM analysis clearly shows for the first time that the SGR J1550–5418 burst spectra might naturally be expected to exhibit a more truly thermalized character, such as a two-blackbody or even a multi-blackbody signal. We also studied the spin phase of the XRT burst emission, which indicate that the burst emitting sites on the neutron star need not to be co-located with hot spots emitting the bulk of the persistent X-ray emission and the surface magnetic field of SGR J1550–5418 is likely non-uniform over the emission zone.
Seven pulsars in binary systems above the spin-up line
Authors: Pan Y. Y. , Wang N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUsing data from the ATNF pulsar catalogue, 186 binary pulsars are shown in the magnetic field versus spin period (B-P) diagram, and their relationship to the spin-up line is investigated. Generally speaking, pulsars in binary systems should be below the spin-up line when they get enough accretion mass from their companions. It is found that there are seven binary pulsars above the spin-up line. Based on the parameters of these seven binary systems, we describe possible reasons why they are above the spin-up line.
The distance indicators in gamma-ray pulsars
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDistance measurements of gamma-ray pulsars are challenging questions in present pulsar studies. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi gamma-ray observatory discovered more than 100 gamma-ray pulsars, including 34 new gamma-selected pulsars which nearly have no distance information. We study the relation between gamma-ray emission efficiency (η=Lγ/Ė) and pulsar parameters, for young radio-selected gamma-ray pulsars with known distance information. We have introduced three generation order parameters to describe gamma-ray emission properties of pulsars, and find a strong correlation between η and ζ3, the generation order parameter which reflects γ-ray photon generations in pair cascade processes induced by magnetic field absorption in pulsar magnetosphere. A good correlation between η and BLC, the magnetic field at the light cylinder radius, is also found. These correlations can serve as distance indicators in gamma-ray pulsars, to evaluate distances for gamma-selected pulsars. Distances of 35 gamma-selected pulsars are estimated, which could be tested by other distance measurement methods. The physical origin of the correlations may be also interesting for pulsar studies.
VLBI astrometry of two millisecond pulsars
Authors: Yan Zhen , Shen Zhi-qiang , Yuan Jian-ping , Wang Na , Rottmann Helge , Alef Walter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present astrometric results on two millisecond pulsars, PSR B1257+12 and PSR J1022+1001, as carried out through VLBI. For PSR B1257+12, a model-independent distance of 710−38+43 pc and proper motion of (μα = 46.44 ± 0.08 mas/yr, μδ=−84.87 ± 0.32 mas/yr) were obtained from 5 epochs of VLBA and 4 epochs of EVN observations, spanning about 2 years. The two dimensional proper motion of PSR J1022+1001 (μα~−10.13 mas/yr, μδ~16.89 mas/yr) was also estimated, using 3 epochs of EVN observations. Based on our results, the X-ray efficiency of PSR B1257+12 should be in the same range as other millisecond pulsars, and not as low as previously thought.
Pulsar timing with the DFB at Nanshan
Authors: Yuan J. P. , Wang N. , Liu Z. Y. , Wang J. B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPulsar timing observations are being carried out with the Nanshan 25-metre radio telescope since 2000. We observe about 300 pulsars, including nine millisecond pulsars, at 1.5 GHz with a cryogenic receiver and digital filterbank. Frequent observations at Nanshan revealed 50 glitches. We detect nine more glitches in the past two years. Timing solutions obtained with the Nanshan telescope for eight radio loud Gamma ray pulsars are presented.
Erfassung negativer Antwortverzerrungen mit der deutschen Fassung des „Personality Assessment Inventory”, dem „Verhaltens- und Erlebensinventar”
Authors: Vossler-Thies Elisabeth , Stevens Andreas , Engel Rolf R. , Licha Christina 
Published: March 2013

Selbstbeschreibungsinstrumente sind anfällig für Antwortverzerrungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit schätzt die Sensitivität und Spezifität des Verhaltens- und Erlebensinventars (VEI), der deutschen Fassung des Personality Assessment Inventory, in der Erkennung negativer Antwortverzerrungen. Es werden die Ergebnisse von zwei Stichproben berichtet: (a) 25 experimentelle Simulanten bearbeiteten das VEI, das Beck Depressions-Inventar II (BDI-II) und den Strukturierten Fragebogen Simulierter Symptome (SFSS). (b) 95 Probanden, die wegen psychiatrischer und neurologischer Störungen begutachtet wurden, bearbeiteten den Word Memory Test (WMT), den SFSS, das VEI und in 44 Fällen auch das BDI-II. Die Validitätsskalen des VEI identifizierten 72 % der experimentellen Simulanten, der SFSS sogar 92 %. Bei der Gutachtenpopulation wurden 62 % der nach den Kriterien von Slick, Sherman & Iverson (1999) als wahrscheinlich simulierend klassifizierten Personen entdeckt. Nach diesen Befunden bedürfen die Validitätsskalen des VEI im deutschen Sprachraum weiterer Untersuchungen.
Effects of Depletion Sampling by Standard Three-Pass Pulsed DC Electrofishing on Blood Chemistry Parameters of Fishes from Appalachian Streams
Authors: Densmore Christine L. , Panek Frank M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Adverse effects on fishes captured by electrofishing techniques have long been recognized, although the extent of associated physical injury and behavioral alterations are highly variable and dependent on a number of factors. We examined the effects of three-pass pulsed DC (PDC) electrofishing on two salmonid species (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis) and five other genera (Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, Potomac Sculpin Cottus girardi, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus) common to Appalachian streams. We examined the corresponding effects of PDC electroshock on the following physiological indicators of stress and trauma: blood glucose and serum lactate, as well as on other blood chemistry, namely, enzymes, electrolytes, minerals, and proteins. All species demonstrated physiological responses to PDC electroshock, indicated by the biochemical differences in blood parameters in unshocked and shocked groups of fish with or without gross evidence of hemorrhagic trauma. Serum lactate was the most consistent indicator of these effects. Significant differences in whole blood glucose levels were also noted in treatment groups in all species except Green Sunfish, although the patterns observed were not as consistent as for serum lactate. Elevations in the serum enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, in the electroshocked fish occurred only in the two salmonid species. In many instances, although blood parameters were elevated in electroshocked fish compared with the unshocked controls for a given species, there were no differences in those levels in electroshocked fish based on the presence of gross hemorrhagic trauma to axial musculature. While some of the blood parameters examined correlated with both the occurrence of electroshock and the resultant tissue injury, there was no apparent link between the altered blood chemistry and increased mortality 30 d after electrofishing.
Received June 27, 2012; accepted December 7, 2012