bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and season influence behaviour and physiology of lake trout following angling
Authors: Howell Bradley E , Navarroli Giulio , DePasquale Simon W , Cooke Steven J , Hasler Caleb T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Catch-and-release angling exposes fish to challenges that may result in sub-lethal effects or mortality. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) undergo high rates of release because of size-based harvest regulations or voluntary angler behaviour. Here, we examine short-term impairment in lake trout angled during the summer (n = 74) and fall spawning period (n = 33) to inform best practices for angling. Immediately following capture or 0.5 h post-capture, fish underwent reflex and barotrauma assessments, and a small blood sample was collected. Fish were also fitted with an externally mounted biologger equipped with depth, temperature and tri-axial acceleration sensors, that was tethered to allow retrieval of the logger after 14 min. In the summer, reflex impairment and barotrauma at 0 and 0.5 h were significantly correlated. Loss of orientation and bloating were the most observed indicators. Larger fish and those captured at increased depth had higher barotrauma scores, while prolonged fight times decreased the barotrauma score regardless of sampling time. Plasma cortisol, lactate and glucose increased 0.5 h after capture, and extracellular and intracellular pH decreased, all signs that angling was inducing a metabolic response. However, no relationships were found between blood indices and mortality (18.9%). The time required to reach maximum depth after release was longer for fish with increased air exposure but shorter for those with longer fight times. During the fall, fish displayed no mortality or reflex impairment. Anal prolapse was the most observed indicator of barotrauma but only observed in females. Blood indices were most altered 0.5 h after capture, with increased cortisol values for fish that were female, particularly large or captured at deeper depth. Locomotor activity was highest for males and increased with depth. Together, our findings suggest that the effects of catch-and-release angling may be dependent on several factors, including sex, season and angling depth.
Physiological carry-over effects of variable precipitation are mediated by reproductive status in a long-lived ungulate
Authors: Hediger Joseph A , Spencer Bryan D , Rice Michaela F , Hopper Miranda L , DeYoung Randy W , Ortega-Santos J Alfonso , Fulbright Timothy E , Hewitt David G , Foley Aaron M , Schofield Landon R , Campbell Tyler A , Sheriff Michael J , Cherry Michael J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the age of global climate change, extreme climatic events are expected to increase in frequency and severity. Animals will be forced to cope with these novel stressors in their environment. Glucocorticoids (i.e. ‘stress’ hormones) facilitate an animal’s ability to cope with their environment. To date, most studies involving glucocorticoids focus on the immediate physiological effects of an environmental stressor on an individual, few studies have investigated the long-term physiological impacts of such stressors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that previous exposure to an environmental stressor will impart lasting consequences to an individual’s glucocorticoid levels. In semi-arid environments, variable rainfall drives forage availability for herbivores. Reduced seasonal precipitation can present an extreme environmental stressor potentially imparting long-term impacts on an individual’s glucocorticoid levels. We examined the effects of rainfall and environmental characteristics (i.e. soil and vegetation attributes) during fawn-rearing (i.e. summer) on subsequent glucocorticoid levels of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in autumn. We captured 124 adult (≥2.5-year-old) female deer via aerial net-gunning during autumn of 2015, 2016 and 2021 across four populations spanning a gradient of environmental characteristics and rainfall in the semi-arid environment of South Texas, USA. We found for every 1 cm decrease in summer rainfall, faecal glucocorticoid levels in autumn increased 6.9%, but only in lactating females. Glucocorticoid levels in non-lactating, female deer were relatively insensitive to environmental conditions. Our study demonstrates the long-lasting effects of environmental stressors on an individual’s glucocorticoid levels. A better understanding of the long-term effects stressors impart on an individual’s glucocorticoid levels will help to evaluate the totality of the cost of a stressor to an individual’s welfare and predict the consequences of future climate scenarios.
SpadaHC: a database to improve the classification of variants in hereditary cancer genes in the Spanish population
Authors: Moreno-Cabrera José M , Feliubadaló Lidia , Pineda Marta , Prada-Dacasa Patricia , Ramos-Muntada Mireia , Del Valle Jesús , Brunet Joan , Gel Bernat , Currás-Freixes María , Calsina Bruna , Salazar-Hidalgo Milton E , Rodríguez-Balada Marta , Roig Bàrbara , Fernández-Castillejo Sara , Durán Domínguez Mercedes , Arranz Ledo Mónica , Infante Sanz Mar , Castillejo Adela , Dámaso Estela , Soto José L , de Miguel Montserrat , Hidalgo Calero Beatriz , Sánchez-Zapardiel José M , Ramon Y Cajal Teresa , Lasa Adriana , Gisbert-Beamud Alexandra , López-Novo Anael , Ruiz-Ponte Clara , Potrony Miriam , Álvarez-Mora María I , Osorio Ana , Lorda-Sánchez Isabel , Robledo Mercedes , Cascón Alberto , Ruiz Anna , Spataro Nino , Hernan Imma , Borràs Emma , Moles-Fernández Alejandro , Earl Julie , Cadiñanos Juan , Sánchez-Heras Ana B , Bigas Anna , Capellá Gabriel , Lázaro Conxi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate classification of genetic variants is crucial for clinical decision-making in hereditary cancer. In Spain, genetic diagnostic laboratories have traditionally approached this task independently due to the lack of a dedicated resource. Here we present SpadaHC, a web-based database for sharing variants in hereditary cancer genes in the Spanish population. SpadaHC is implemented using a three-tier architecture consisting of a relational database, a web tool and a bioinformatics pipeline. Contributing laboratories can share variant classifications and variants from individuals in Variant Calling Format (VCF) format. The platform supports open and restricted access, flexible dataset submissions, automatic pseudo-anonymization, VCF quality control, variant normalization and liftover between genome builds. Users can flexibly explore and search data, receive automatic discrepancy notifications and access SpadaHC population frequencies based on many criteria. In February 2024, SpadaHC included 18 laboratory members, storing 1.17 million variants from 4306 patients and 16 343 laboratory classifications. In the first analysis of the shared data, we identified 84 genetic variants with clinically relevant discrepancies in their classifications and addressed them through a three-phase resolution strategy. This work highlights the importance of data sharing to promote consistency in variant classifications among laboratories, so patients and family members can benefit from more accurate clinical management.
Database URL: https://spadahc.ciberisciii.es/
Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular mortality in over 170 000 cancer survivors
Authors: Jung Mi-Hyang , Choi Yun-Seok , Yi Sang-Wook , An Sang Joon , Yi Jee-Jeon , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Lee So-Young , Youn Jong-Chan , Chung Woo-Baek , Jung Hae Ok , Youn Ho-Joong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular health is acknowledged as a crucial concern among cancer survivors. Socioeconomic status (SES) is an essential but often neglected risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted this study to identify the relationship between SES and CVD mortality in cancer survivors.

Methods and results
Using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Examinee database, we identified cancer survivors diagnosed and surviving beyond 5 years post-diagnosis. SES was assessed based on insurance premiums and classified into five groups. The primary outcome was overall CVD mortality. This study analysed 170 555 individuals (mean age 60.7 ± 11.9 years, 57.8% female). A gradual increase in risk was observed across SES groups: adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for overall CVD mortality were 1.15 (1.04–1.26), 1.28 (1.15–1.44), 1.31 (1.18–1.46), and 2.13 (1.30–3.49) for the second, third, and fourth quartile, and medical aid group (the lowest SES group) compared to the highest SES group, respectively (P for trend &lt; 0.001). The lowest SES group with hypertension exhibited a 3.4-fold higher risk of CVD mortality compared to the highest SES group without hypertension. Interaction analyses revealed that low SES synergistically interacts with hypertension, heightening the risk of CVD mortality (synergy index 1.62).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a significant correlation between low SES and increased CVD mortality among cancer survivors. Particularly, the lowest SES group, when combined with hypertension, significantly escalates CVD mortality. Our findings underscore the critical importance of recognizing SES as a significant risk factor for CVD mortality in this population of cancer survivors.

Lay Summary
Our population-based cohort study, involving over 170 000 cancer survivors, demonstrates a significant association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
The pectus care guidelines: best practice consensus guidelines from the joint specialist societies SCTS/MF/CWIG/BOA/BAPS for the treatment of patients with pectus abnormalities
Authors: Dunning Joel , Burdett Clare , Child Anne , Davies Carl , Eastwood Deborah , Goodacre Tim , Haecker Frank-Martin , Kendall Simon , Kolvekar Shyam , MacMahon Lisa , Marven Sean , Murray Sarah , Naidu Babu , Pandya Bejal , Redmond Karen , Coonar Aman 
Published: July 2024

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Pectus defects are a group of congenital conditions found in approximately 1 in 250 people, where the sternum is depressed back towards the spine (excavatum), protrudes forwards (carinatum) or more rarely is a mixture of both (arcuatum or mixed defects). For the majority of patients, it is well tolerated, but some patients are affected psychologically, physiologically or both.
The deformity becomes apparent at a young age due to the growth of the ribs and the cartilage that links them to the sternum. The majority of defects are mild and are well tolerated, i.e. they do not affect activity and do not cause psychological harm. However, some young people develop lower self-esteem and depression, causing them to withdraw from activities (such as swimming, dancing) and from interactions that might ‘expose’ them (such as sleepovers, dating, going to the beach and wearing fashionable clothes). This psychological harm occurs at a crucial time during their physical and social development. A small number of patients have more extreme depression of their sternum that impedes their physiological reserve, which can occur when engaging in strenuous exercise (such as running) but can also limit moderate activity such as walking and climbing stairs. The effects can be so extreme that symptoms occur at rest or cause life-threatening compression of the major blood vessels and organs. The group of patients with physiological impairment usually also suffer from low self-esteem and depression.
This paper summarizes the current evidence for the different treatment strategies for this condition, including supportive care, psychological support and non-surgical techniques including bracing and vacuum bell therapy. We also consider surgical techniques including the Ravitch procedure, the Nuss procedure (minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum), pectus implants and other rare procedures such as Pectus Up.
For the majority of patients, supportive care is sufficient, but for a minority, a combination of the other techniques may be considered.
This paper also outlines best practice guidance for the delivery of such therapies, including standardized assessment, consent to treatment, audit, quality assurance and long-term support.
All the interventions have risks and benefits that the patient, parents and clinicians need to carefully consider and discuss when deciding on the most appropriate course. We hope this evidence review of ‘Best Practice for Pectus’ will make a significant contribution to those considerations and help all involved, from patients to national policy makers, to deliver the best possible care.
A Learners’ Dictionary Versus ChatGPT in Receptive and Productive Lexical Tasks
Authors: Ptasznik Bartosz , Wolfer Sascha , Lew Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study assesses the effectiveness of ChatGPT versus the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) in supporting English language learners in lexically challenging receptive and productive lexical tasks. With a sample of 223 university students at B2 to C1 proficiency levels, this research investigates whether a leading AI-driven chatbot or a high-quality learners’ dictionary better assists learners in accurately understanding and producing English. The results reveal ChatGPT’s superior performance in both task types. Efficiency, in terms of consultation speed, also favoured ChatGPT, though only in the production task. This study advocates for an integrated approach that leverages both AI, with its interactive and immediate feedback, and more traditional lexicographic tools that may foster learner autonomy and linguistic proficiency.
Perceptions and experiences of community pharmacists with off-label prescribing in the pediatric population
Authors: Noga Fabiola , Hoti Ela , Ibrahimi Eliana , Toma Diana , Malaj Ledjan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate and provide insight into the prevalence and patterns of off-label drug use in the pediatric population from the perspective of community pharmacists, addressing the existing data gap in a developing setting.

Methods
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Albanian community pharmacists in June 2021. The online administered survey explored the participants’ demographic details, perceptions, and experiences with off-label prescriptions in pediatric patients. The statistical analysis conducted on the survey data comprised the construction of frequency tables and the application of the chi-square test for independence.

Key findings
Three hundred and thirty-six community pharmacists nationwide completed the survey, out of which 186 (55.3%) were practiced in Tirana, the capital of Albania. Over 80% of surveyed pharmacists (n = 275) had encountered off-label drug prescriptions in pediatric patients, yet only 40% of participants reported dispensing medicines for off-label use. Community pharmacists reported that general pediatricians tended to prescribe off-label medications more frequently than pediatric subspecialists or general practitioners. It was found that off-label prescriptions were more frequently observed among children aged between 2 and 11 years. Antibiotics were the most reported medicines for off-label use in this study mentioned in almost all off-label categories.

Conclusions
Prescribing medicines for unapproved uses for the treatment of pediatric patients is present in community settings in Albania. This indicates the need for further data collection and analysis to understand off-label practices in our country’s pediatric population comprehensively.
A Conjugate System for Twisted Araki–Woods von Neumann Algebras of Finite Dimensional Spaces
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compute the conjugate system of twisted Araki–Woods von Neumann algebras $ \mathcal{L}_{T}(H) $ introduced in [ 7] for a compatible braided crossing symmetric twist $T$ on a finite dimensional Hilbert space $ {{\mathcal{H}}} $ with norm $ \|T\| &lt;1$. This implies that those algebras have finite non-microstates free Fisher information and therefore are always factors of type $\text{III}_{\lambda }$ ($0&lt;\lambda \leq 1$) or $ \text{II}_{1} $. Moreover, using the (nontracial) free monotone transport [ 19], we show that $ \mathcal{L}_{T}(H) $ is isomorphic to the free Araki–Woods algebra $ \mathcal{L}_{0}(H) $ when $ \|T\|=q $ is small enough.
Damage constitutive model of rock and application based on strength theory
Authors: Feng Tianxin , Yu Xinglan , Cheng Guoqiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Extending the one-dimensional damage constitutive model of rock materials to 3 dimensions using classical methods fails to capture the significant differences in tensile, compressive, and shear strengths exhibited by the rock materials. Consequently, it is necessary to revise the existing damage constitutive model to describe the damage evolution law and constitutive relationship of rock materials more accurately and provide a theoretical basis for the safety and stability analysis of underground engineering more scientifically, thus ensuring the sustainable development of underground engineering. By introducing the Weibull distribution function and building upon strength theory, a correction function was established. This correction function adjusted the equivalent strain, enabling the development of a 3-dimensional damage constitutive model that accounted for the varying tensile, compressive, and shear strengths of rock materials. The impact of various parameters on the model's fitting effectiveness was evaluated, and a comparative analysis was conducted against pertinent experimental results. Using the theory of neutral axis deviation, the relationship between bending moment and damage variables in a purely bending rock beam was derived. The study revealed that all parameters of the damage constitutive model could be derived from the uniaxial stress-strain curve, and its theoretical findings exhibited strong agreement with experimental results obtained from rock and rock-like materials under uniaxial tension, compression and triaxial compression. Based on the examined cases, it was concluded that, when considering both tensile and compressive damage, the ultimate bending moment of a rock beam was approximately one-third of its elastic limit bending moment in an undamaged state. The results have verified the feasibility of the damage constitutive model.
Interactive effects of soils, local environmental conditions and herbivores on secondary chemicals in tallow tree
Authors: Xiao Li , Huang Wei , Carrillo Juli , Ding Jianqing , Siemann Evan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plants produce secondary chemicals that may vary along with latitude due to changing abiotic and biotic stress gradients and local environmental conditions. Teasing apart the individual and combined effects of these different abiotic, such as soil nutrients, and biotic factors, such as soil biota and herbivores, on secondary chemicals is critical for understanding plant responses to changing environments. We conducted an experiment at different latitudes in China, using tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) seedlings sourced from a population at 31° N. These seedlings were cultivated in gardens located at low, middle and high latitudes, with either local soil or soil from the original seed collection site (origin soil). The seedlings were exposed to natural levels of aboveground herbivores or had them excluded. Plant secondary chemicals (both foliar and root), aboveground herbivores and soil characteristics were measured. Results showed that most leaf and root secondary metabolites depended on the interaction of the experimental site and soil type. Leaf and root phenolic and tannin concentrations were higher at the middle latitude site, especially in the origin soil. Root and foliar flavonoid concentrations increased when aboveground herbivores were excluded. Microbial communities depended strongly on soil treatment. The different responses of tannins versus flavonoids suggest that these two chemical classes differ in their responses to the varying abiotic and biotic factors in these sites along latitudes. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of considering the interactive effects of local environmental conditions, soil properties and herbivory in regulating plant chemical defenses.
Surrogates’, intended parents’, and professionals’ perspectives on ways to improve access to surrogacy in Australia
Authors: Kneebone Ezra , Hammarberg Karin , Beilby Kiri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While altruistic surrogacy arrangements are permitted in Australia, commercial ones are not. Regardless of this, most intended parents undertake commercial arrangements by bypassing domestic laws and engaging with foreign surrogates. Considering the welfare risks and ethical concerns associated with international surrogacy, developing a more accessible model of surrogacy in Australia has been proposed as a harm minimization approach. This study aims to describe how Australians who have navigated or facilitated surrogacy believe access to arrangements could be improved. Australian surrogates, intended parents, parents through surrogacy, and surrogacy professionals were interviewed, and interview transcripts were analysed thematically. The themes identified were ‘improve public awareness’, ‘develop policies to guide healthcare practitioners’, ‘establish agencies’, and ‘reform the law’. ‘Reform the law’ had four sub-themes: ‘harmonise laws across the states and territories’; ‘grant intended parents legal parenthood at birth’; ‘legalise commercial surrogacy and gamete donation’; and ‘fair surrogate compensation’. Findings indicate that improving access to surrogacy in Australia will require an overhaul of the legislative environment relating to surrogacy and gamete donation, policies to guide healthcare practitioners, and public awareness campaigns.
Integration of chromosome locations and functional aspects of enhancers and topologically associating domains in knowledge graphs enables versatile queries about gene regulation
Authors: Mulero-Hernández Juan , Mironov Vladimir , Miñarro-Giménez José Antonio , Kuiper Martin , Fernández-Breis Jesualdo Tomás 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Knowledge about transcription factor binding and regulation, target genes, cis-regulatory modules and topologically associating domains is not only defined by functional associations like biological processes or diseases but also has a determinative genome location aspect. Here, we exploit these location and functional aspects together to develop new strategies to enable advanced data querying. Many databases have been developed to provide information about enhancers, but a schema that allows the standardized representation of data, securing interoperability between resources, has been lacking. In this work, we use knowledge graphs for the standardized representation of enhancers and topologically associating domains, together with data about their target genes, transcription factors, location on the human genome, and functional data about diseases and gene ontology annotations. We used this schema to integrate twenty-five enhancer datasets and two domain datasets, creating the most powerful integrative resource in this field to date. The knowledge graphs have been implemented using the Resource Description Framework and integrated within the open-access BioGateway knowledge network, generating a resource that contains an interoperable set of knowledge graphs (enhancers, TADs, genes, proteins, diseases, GO terms, and interactions between domains). We show how advanced queries, which combine functional and location restrictions, can be used to develop new hypotheses about functional aspects of gene expression regulation.