bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Main protease with phytochemicals from Herbs and spices: Molecular Docking and dynamics simulation studies.
Authors: Shanmugam Anusuya , Muralidharan Nisha , Michael Gromiha M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
COVID-19, a pandemic disease has affected 480 million people and caused 6 million deaths around the world. Despite the progress made in COVID-19 drug discovery, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of this disease continuously mutates and rapidly evolves into new variants. This increases the challenges in drug discovery for COVID-19. As natural products serve as sources of drugs forever, this study applies computational techniques in predicting the natural compounds in herbs and spices of household origin as SARS-CoV-2 spike and protease inhibitors and also verifies the top hits against spike and protease mutants associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. This study reveals Hesperidin, Diosgenin, Fenugreekine, Epigallocatechin gallate and Quercetin as SARS-CoV-2 spike and protease inhibitors, which acts better than the drug Remdesivir. The efficiency of the top hits was also been verified against the mutants, which reveals Diosgenin and Fenugreekine as the most efficient natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 spike mutants (N501Y, E484K, K417N and K417T), which are associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Additionally, Hesperidin is proven to have better binding efficiency against Mpro mutants (Y54C, A191V, T190I and N142S). Overall, this study concludes that Hesperidin, Diosgenin and Fenugreekine could combat both SARS-CoV-2 and its variants effectively.
Membrane assisted Pulsed Electric Field (M-PEF) a novel technique for preservation of functional and biological properties of sugarcane juice.
Authors: Atchaya PT , Anandakumar S. , Kirankumar M. , Santhosh K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
According to market prospects there is a demand for the bottled fresh sugarcane juice than any other fruit based beverages because of its nutritional and therapeutic properties. Sugarcane juice short shelf life and deterioration are linked to the existence of active enzymes like peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as well as its microbial composition. The membrane assisted pulsed electric field technology (M-PEF) was used for this experiment in which the hollow spiral wound ultra-filter membrane for 10 kDa pore size at 1 bar pressure employed as a pretreatment to pulsed electric field processing for the treatment of sugarcane juice. The process parameters are 20, 30, and 40 kV/cm field strength for the pulse width of 100, 150, and 200 μs. The reduction of 92% in polyphenol oxidase and 80% in peroxidase enzyme activity was achieved due to Pulsed electric field at a field strength and pulse width of 30 kV/cm for 150μs respectively retaining the overall quality of the sugarcane juice and there was 85-95% reduction was observed in the protein and polysaccharide content of the sugarcane juice due to the membrane filtration pore size exclusion effect. Ascorbic acid content was retained in the M-PEF samples while increasing its antioxidant capacity. The experiment results showed that due to Pulsed electric field treatment there was 3 log reductions are observed on total plate count. This technology showed that, it can be used as novel technique for the preservation of the fresh juices.
Controlling factors of wildfires in Australia and their changes under global warming
Authors: Bui Hien X , Li Yi-Xian , Dommenget Dietmar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates a fire weather index (FWI) and its associated components in Australia using the downscaled projects for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 dataset, aiming to understand how they respond to global warming, particularly associated with different phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the historical simulation, multimodel mean composite results show positive anomalies of FWI during El Niño and negative anomalies during La Niña over most of Australia relative to the neutral year. At the end of the 21st century under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP585 scenario), FWI anomalies increased across Australia; however, ENSO wildfire teleconnections weakened (−4.4%) during El Niño but strengthened (+6.0%) during La Niña, especially in northern Australia. Further examination of the contribution from individual environmental variables that enter the FWI shows that increased temperature and drought conditions with warming in La Niña strengthen positive FWI anomalies, thus making fire more favorable in north and central Australia. The impacts of relative humidity and wind speed anomaly changes also favor fire activity toward the north. These results suggest a more robust modulation of FWI in northern Australia by ENSO in a warmer climate; future efforts to predict wildfire will depend on the model’s ability to predict local climate conditions.
End-of-life options for printed electronics in municipal solid waste streams: a review of the challenges, opportunities, and sustainability implications
Authors: Nassajfar Mohammad Naji , Abdulkareem Mariam , Horttanainen Mika 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although printed electronics (PE) are a more sustainable option than conventional electronics, proper treatment of PE in their end-of-life phase is crucial to decrease their overall environmental impacts and ensure the materials specifically the metal fraction of PE are recovered. Thus, to investigate the state of the art regarding the research and development of material recovery from PE, this study performed a literature review process. It concluded that the majority of the observed articles rather not mention specifically what is recycling option for recycling the PE or introduced a novel recycling method for the metal ink. Only a marginal fraction of the articles covered proper recycling methods for the metal fraction of PE. Then based on the literature review process, this study investigates the suitability of the current waste management system to recover different fractions of PE products.
Evolution and subfamilies of HERVL human endogenous retrovirus
Authors: Zhang Huan , Frith Martin C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which blur the boundary between virus and transposable element, are genetic material derived from retroviruses and have important implications for evolution. This study examines the diversity and evolution of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) of the HERVL family, which has long terminal repeats (LTRs) named MLT2.

Results
By probability-based sequence comparison, we uncover systematic annotation errors that conceal the true complexity and diversity of transposable elements (TEs) in the human genome. Our analysis identifies new subfamilies within the MLT2 group, proposes a refined classification scheme, and constructs new consensus sequences. We present an evolutionary analysis including phylogenetic trees that elucidate the relationships between these subfamilies and their contributions to human evolution. The results underscore the significance of accurate TE annotation in understanding genome evolution, highlighting the potential for misclassified TEs to impact interpretations of genomic studies.

Availability and implementation
Not applicable.
Unveiling the devastations of Streptococcus sanguinis infective endocarditis masquerading as iron deficiency anaemia: a case report
Authors: Soh Bing Wei Thaddeus , Salim Arifa , O'Riordan Ruth , Owens Patrick , Matiullah Sajjad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anaemia worldwide and frequently observed in adolescent women, particularly those with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa. Consequently, clinicians may overlook iron deficiency anaemia, potentially missing a more serious diagnosis.

Case summary
A 19-year-old woman was referred to the hospital by her general practitioner due to worsening symptomatic iron deficiency anaemia, despite treatment with oral iron supplementation. Her blood cultures consistently grew Streptococcus sanguinis, and an echocardiogram revealed vegetations on the mitral and tricuspid valves, confirming the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Several systemic complications of varying acuity were identified, including a ruptured left common iliac artery aneurysm with active haemorrhage into the left psoas muscle, enlarging cerebral, hepatic, and right common femoral artery aneurysms, splenic infarction with abscess formation, and an infected left psoas muscle haematoma. Multimodal imaging and collaboration within the multidisciplinary endocarditis team were crucial for coordinating further evaluation and managing the complex array of peripheral lesions in infective endocarditis. The patient was discharged with a good clinical outcome after 81 days.

Discussion
This case highlights the risks of overlooking iron deficiency anaemia in adolescent women with anorexia nervosa and the serious consequences of untreated complicated infective endocarditis. It emphasizes the need for thorough investigation of anorexia nervosa patients for infections due to their reduced clinical response, to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
Treading the narrow path—rethinking democratic education in times of polarization
Authors: Dillinger Lisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between knowledge, politics, and education in the context of the global crisis of democracy and the growing prevalence of political polarization. Focusing on the issue of vaccine hesitancy, I explore how citizens’ reference to knowledge and values shapes their political judgements and argue for the importance of education in facilitating informed and reasoned decision-making. Drawing on Hannah Arendt’s dialectical account of politics and knowledge, I highlight the limitations of reducing political debates to a quest for ‘right knowledge’, arguing that it neglects the coordination of diverse values and interpretations that is essential to democratic processes. To do so, I discuss ‘educationalization’ of the political during the COVID-19 pandemic, wherein the dissemination of empirically grounded information became a strategy to generate public consent. However, my article cautions against the hegemony of empirical knowledge, which can lead to despotic politics and the proliferation of misinformation. To ensure differentiated and reasonable judgements in uncertain situations and conflicts, I turn to Arendt’s concept of reflective and political judgement, emphasizing the ability to imagine others’ perspectives and construct general principles. The educational task, therefore, encompasses not only conveying factual knowledge but also nurturing reflective judgement that strikes a balance between factual truth and divergent interpretations, values, and interests.
Assessing actigraphy performance for daytime sleep detection following stroke: insights from inpatient monitoring in a rehabilitation hospital
Authors: Wang Jiayi E , Sindorf Jacob , Chen Pin-Wei , Wu Jessica , Gonzales Adrian , O’Brien Megan K , Sunderrajan Aashna , Knutson Kristen L , Zee Phyllis C , Wolfe Lisa , Arora Vineet M , Jayaraman Arun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Stroke can result in or exacerbate various sleep disorders. The presence of behaviors such as daytime sleepiness poststroke can indicate underlying sleep disorders which can significantly impact functional recovery and thus require prompt detection and monitoring for improved care. Actigraphy, a quantitative measurement technology, has been primarily validated for nighttime sleep in healthy adults; however, its validity for daytime sleep monitoring is currently unknown. Therefore this study aims to identify the best-performing actigraphy sensor and algorithm for detecting daytime sleep in poststroke individuals.

Methods
Participants wore Actiwatch Spectrum and ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on their less-affected wrist, while trained observers recorded daytime sleep occurrences and activity levels (active, sedentary, and asleep) during non-therapy times. Algorithms, Actiwatch (Autoscore AMRI) and ActiGraph (Cole-Kripke, Sadeh), were compared with on-site observations and assessed using F2 scores, emphasizing sensitivity to detect daytime sleep.

Results
Twenty-seven participants from an inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit contributed 173.5 hours of data. The ActiGraph Cole-Kripke algorithm (minute sleep time = 15 minutes, bedtime = 10 minutes, and wake time = 10 minutes) achieved the highest F2 score (0.59). Notably, when participants were in bed, the ActiGraph Cole-Kripke algorithm continued to outperform Sadeh and Actiwatch AMRI, with an F2 score of 0.69.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates both Actiwatch and ActiGraph’s ability to detect daytime sleep, particularly during bed rest. ActiGraph (Cole-Kripke) algorithm exhibited a more balanced sleep detection profile and higher F2 scores compared to Actiwatch, offering valuable insights for optimizing daytime sleep monitoring with actigraphy in stroke patients.
Bounds on the spreading radius in droplet impact: the inviscid case
Authors: Amirfazli Alidad , Bustamante Miguel D. , Hu Yating , Ó Náraigh Lennon 
Published: July 2024

We consider the classical problem of droplet impact and droplet spread on a smooth surface in the case of an ideal inviscid fluid. We revisit the rim–lamella model of Roisman
et al.
(Roisman
et al
. 2002
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A
458
, 1411–1430 (
doi:10.1098/rspa.2001.0923
)). This model comprises a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs); we present a rigorous theoretical analysis of these ODEs, and derive upper and lower bounds for the maximum spreading radius. Both bounds possess a

W
e

1

/

2

scaling behaviour, and by a sandwich result, the spreading radius itself also possesses this scaling. We demonstrate rigorously that the rim–lamella model is self-consistent: once a rim forms, its height will invariably exceed that of the lamella. We introduce a rational procedure to obtain initial conditions for the rim–lamella model. Our approach to solving the rim–lamella model gives predictions for the maximum droplet spread that are in close agreement with existing experimental studies and direct numerical simulations.
Unpacking Social Determinants of Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review and Strategic Framework for Equitable Prevention and Control
Authors: Jushua Jackline , Hussein Muhammad R , Utterman Sonia , Thomas Mony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer disparities persist in the United States, with significant variations in incidence, mortality, and survival rates across different population groups. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between social determinants of health and cancer disparities, and to identify effective interventions for promoting equitable cancer prevention and control.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024. Studies were included if they examined the association between social determinants (e.g., socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, education, healthcare access) and cancer outcomes, or evaluated interventions addressing these factors. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed study quality using standardized tools.ResultsOf 3,247 initially identified studies, 142 met inclusion criteria. The review found strong evidence linking various social determinants to cancer disparities, particularly in screening rates, stage at diagnosis, and survival outcomes. Socioeconomic status and healthcare access were the most frequently studied determinants. Effective interventions identified included patient navigation programs, community-based education initiatives, and policy changes to expand insurance coverage. However, the quality and long-term impact of many interventions were limited by short follow-up periods and small sample sizes.ConclusionThis systematic review confirms the significant role of social determinants in perpetuating cancer disparities and highlights promising strategies for addressing these inequities. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating multilevel interventions that target both individual and structural determinants. Policy makers and healthcare providers should prioritize evidence-based approaches to reduce social barriers and promote equitable cancer prevention and control.
Analysis of Frailty in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Based on Logistic Regression Model and XGBoost Model
Authors: Liu Qi , Tong Guanchao , Ye Qiong 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to establish a model that would enable healthcare providers to use routine follow-up measures of peritoneal dialysis to predict frailty in those patients.DesignA cross-sectional design with Logistic regression and XGBoost machine learning algorithms analysis.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-three cases of peritoneal dialysis patients who underwent regular follow-up at our center were included in this study. We use the FRAIL scale to confirm the frailty of the patients. Clinical and Laboratory data were obtained from the peritoneal dialysis registration system. Factors associated with patient Frailty were identified through regularized logistic regression and validated using an XGBoost model. The final selected variables were in-cluded in the unregularized Logistic Regression to construct the modelFindingsA total of 123 patients were reviewed in this study, with an average age of 61.58 years, and the median dialysis Duration was 38.5(18.07,60.53) months. 39 patients (31.71%) were female, 54 PD patients (43.9%) were classified as frail. Age, Ferritin, and TCH are the top three im-portant features labeled by the XGBoost. The results are consistent with the regularized logistic regression.ConclusionsIn this study, age, total cholesterol, and ferritin are the most important features associated with the frailty in peritoneal dialysis patients. This model can be used to predict frailty status and help health monitoring of peritoneal dialysis patients.Clinical EvidenceLogistic regression and XGBoost machine learning algorithms can be used to construct a predictive model of frailty in peritoneal dialysis patients. The model could provide doctors with an objective tool to find frailty in peritoneal dialysis patients. As the data is obtained from routine examinations, the prediction model will not bring additional burden to the work of doctors or nurses.
It’s the Sound, not the Pulse: Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation Reduces Central Sensitization through Auditory Modulatory Effects
Authors: Abssy Spencer S. , Osborne Natalie R. , Osokin Evgeny E. , Tomin Rossi , Honigman Liat , Khan James S. , De Vera Nathaniel W. , Furman Andrew , Mazaheri Ali , Seminowicz David A. , Moayedi Massieh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRepetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a non-pharmacological, non-invasive analgesic modality with limited side effects. However, there is a paucity of controlled studies demonstrating its efficacy compared to existing pain management tools. Here, in an initial sample of 100 healthy participants (age 18-40), we compared the analgesic efficacy of two rPMS stimulation protocols—continuous theta burst stimulation (ctbPMS) and intermittent TBS (itbPMS)—against transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), a peripheral stimulation technique that is commonly used for pain management. We also included a sham rPMS protocol where participants heard the sound of rPMS stimulation while the coil was placed over their arm, but received no peripheral stimulation. We hypothesized that itbPMS and ctbPMS—but not sham—would reduce pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and secondary hyperalgesia evoked by a phasic heat pain (PHP) paradigm on the volar forearm with similar efficacy to TENS. Neither rPMS nor TENS reduced reported pain intensity or unpleasantness (p>0.25). However, ctbPMS and itbPMS significantly reduced the area of secondary hyperalgesia, whereas TENS did not (F3,96= 4.828, p= 0.004). Unexpectedly, sham rPMS, which involved auditory but no peripheral nerve stimulation, also significantly reduced secondary hyperalgesia compared to TENS. We performed a second study (n=32) to investigate auditory contributions to rPMS analgesia. Masking the rPMS stimulation sound with pink noise eliminated its analgesic effect on secondary hyperalgesia (p=0.5). This is the first study to show that the analgesic properties of rPMS in acute experimental pain may be largely attributed to its auditory component rather than peripheral nerve stimulation.
An intrinsic hierarchical, retinotopic organization of pulvinar connectivity in the human neonate
Authors: Ayzenberg Vladislav , Song Chenjie , Arcaro Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThalamic connectivity is crucial for the development of the neocortex. The pulvinar nuclei are thought to be particularly important for visual development due to their involvement in various functions that emerge early in infancy. The development of these connections constrains the role the pulvinar plays in infant visual processing and the maturation of associated cortical networks. However, the extent to which pulvino-cortical pathways found in adults are established at birth remains largely unknown, limiting our understanding of how these thalamic connections may support infant vision. To address this gap, we examined the organization of pulvino-cortical connections in human neonates using probabilistic tractography analyses on diffusion imaging data. Our findings revealed the presence of white matter pathways between the pulvinar and each individual visual area at birth. These pathways exhibited specificity in their connectivity within the pulvinar, reflecting both intraareal retinotopic organization and the hierarchical organization across ventral, lateral, and dorsal visual cortical pathways. These connections could enable detailed processing of information across sensory space and communication along distinct processing pathways. Comparative analyses revealed that the large-scale organization of pulvino-cortical connectivity in neonates mirrored that of adults. However, connectivity with ventral visual cortex was less adult-like than the other cortical pathways, aligning with prior findings of protracted development associated with the visual recognition pathway. These results deepen our understanding of the developmental trajectory of thalamocortical connections and provide a framework for how subcortical structures may support early perceptual abilities and scaffold the development of cortex.
A rapid CAT transformation protocol and nuclear transgene expression tools for metabolic engineering inCyanidioschyzon merolae10D
Authors: Villegas-Valencia Melany , Stark Martha R. , Seger Mark , Wellman Gordon B. , Overmans Sebastian , Lammers Peter J. , Rader Stephen D. , Lauersen Kyle J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe eukaryotic red algaCyanidioschyzon merolae10D is an emerging algal host for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Its small nuclear genome (16.5 Mb; 4775 genes), low intron content (38), stable transgene expression, and capacity for homologous recombination into its nuclear genome make it ideal for genetic and metabolic engineering endeavors. Here, we present an optimized transformation and selection protocol, which yields single chloramphenicol-resistant transformants in under two weeks. Transformation dynamics and a synthetic modular plasmid toolkit are reported, including several new fluorescent reporters. Techniques for fluorescence reporter imaging and analysis at different scales are presented to facilitate high-throughput screening ofC. merolaetransformants. We use this plasmid toolkit to overexpress theIpomoea batatasisoprene synthase and demonstrate the dynamics of engineered volatile isoprene production during different light regimes using multi-port headspace analysis coupled to parallel photobioreactors. This work seeks to promoteC. merolaeas an algal system for metabolic engineering and future sustainable biotechnological production.