bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Extended Dienylium Terminus to Nucleophilic Addition with Tricarbonyl [3‐(1‐5‐η‐4‐Isopropoxycyclohexa‐2, 4‐Dienyl) Ethyl Acetate] Iron Hexafluorophosphate
Authors: Ong Chi‐Wi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA study of the regioselectivity in nucleophilic addition to tricarbonyl (dienylium) iron complexes having an acetoxyethyl group (or methoxyethyl group) is reported. Reaction of the acetoxyethyl dienylium complex with the potassium salt of methyl 2‐oxocylopentanecarboxylate was found to give a new product and a mechanism is proposed.The regioselectivity to nucleophilic addition was shown to be dependent on the use of an alcohol protecting group as in tricarbonyl (dienylium) iron complexes (5) and (15).
A Study on the Dissolution of Ferric Oxide in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Solutions
Authors: Liu Ling‐Kang , Dai Chih‐Mei , Lin Yueh‐Hwa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe effect of hydrochloric acid concentration and the effect of temperature on the rate of dissolution of Fe2O3 have been investigated. Being heterogeneous, the dissolution reaction has been characterized to have an apparent activation energy of 21.5 Kcal/mol for a 7.11 m aqueous hydrochloric acid solution at temperatures between 273 and 373°K. The rate is linearly correlated to the mean activity of hydrochloric acid in the range from 1.3 to 10.8 m at 300°K.
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper (I) after Adsorption of its 4′‐(p‐Methoxyphenyl)‐2, 2′:6′, 2″‐Terpyridine Tetraphenylborate Ion‐Associated Complex on Microcrystalline Naphthalene
Authors: Lin Jenn‐Lin , Satake Masatada 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new atomic absorption spectrophotometric method has been developed for the trace determination of copper after adsorption of its 4′‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐2, 2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine tetraphenylborate ion‐associated complex on microcrystalline naphthalene. This complex is adsorbed on microcrystalline naphthalene in the pH range 0.5‐11.0 by shaking for a few seconds. The solid mass so formed is separated by filtration, dissolved in dimethylformamide and the absorbance is measured at 324.7 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 5.0‐60.0 μg of copper in 10 ml of the final dimethylformamide solution. The replicate determinations of a sample containing 30 μg of copper gave a mean absorbance of 0.171 with a standard deviation of 0.0019 and a relative standard deviation of 1.11%. The method has been applied to the determination of copper in certain standard reference materials.
Gravimetric and Colorimetric Determinations of Copper, Cobalt, Zinc and Mercury with 1‐(2‐Methylindole‐3‐Acetyl)‐4‐Arylthiosemicarbazide
Authors: Barsoum B. N. , Kadry Azza. M. , Ibrahim Y. A. , Hanna H. R. , Sakla A. B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract1‐(2‐Methylindole‐3‐acetyl)4‐arylthiosemicarbazides have been prepared and were used as reagents for gravimetric and colorimetric determinations of copper, cobalt, zinc and mercury. The synthesis of the same metal complexes of these thiosemicarbazides as a potential biological derivatives was also described.
Studies on the Constituents of Camptotheca Acuminata Decne, II. The Constituents of Fresh Fruits,
Authors: Wu Tian‐Shung , Chen Ming‐Tyan , Kuoh Chang‐Sheng , Tien Hsien‐Ju , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCamptothecin, ethyl caffeate, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and inositol have been isolated and characterized from fresh fruits of Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssacese).
Optical Rotation of Time‐Reversal Degenerate States
Authors: Chiu Ying‐Nan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIt is shown that time‐reversal (doubly‐) degenerate, many‐electron states in molecules of point‐group symmetry C3, C4, C6, S4, and S6 and T etc., can have non‐vanishing matrix elements over a time‐odd (electric dipole‐electric dipole) polarizability operator contributing to optical rotation. In agreement with well‐known results for Kramers' doublets, the optical rotations of the two separated and oriented states of this doublet have opposite signs in this polarizability mechanism, and they have the same sign in the time‐even pseudoscalar mechanism which is the usual natural optical rotation of chiral molecules. These results are proven, in an alternative formulation using time‐reversal in a second‐order process, to hold regardless of even or odd numbers of spins—in contrast to the first‐order processes such as the Jahn‐Teller effect. The universality of time‐reversal in spin, orbital and rotational angular momentum, in point and continuous groups, is show in a unified treatment with consistent phases. It was shown also how time‐reversal symmetry can resolve the ambiguities in lower point‐groups and determine relationships for which the point‐group symmetry is powerless.
Chemiluminescence of CaCl From the Ca+Cl2 Reaction in Argon Matrix
Authors: Guo Sui‐Whei , Chang Ju‐Wei , Lee Yuan‐Pern 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVisible chemiluminescence in the 5800‐6600 Å region was observed from the Ca+Cl2 reaction in an argon matrix. The longer wavelength doublet progression is assigned as the A2Π3/2, 1/2→X2Σ+ transition of CaCl, with v00= 16189 and 16126 cm−1, respectively. Emission from the vibrationally excited v' = 1 level of the A state was also observed. This is the first observation of resolved spin‐orbit components in matrix chemiluminescent reactions. The progression with v00=16855 cm−1 was assigned as the B2Σ+→X2Σ+ transition of CaCl. Both transitions showed very small matrix shifts in the T2 values. A weak band at 17185 cm−1 was assigned as either the E2Σ→B2Σ+ or the a4Σ+→A2Π transition of CaCl. Ca atomic emission at 4232 and 6574 Å was also observed and it was attributed to the energy transfer processes from excited CaCl radicals.
The Measurement of the Dispersion of Pd/C Catalysts
Authors: Chen Nan , Wei Yu‐Chen , Yeh Chuin‐Tih 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA 10 w/o Pd/C catalyst from Johnson Matthey has been examined by three different techniques: chemisorption, line broadening of X‐ray diffraction, and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) to investigate the size of the palladium crystallites. The dispersion of this catalyst was determined to be 20%. Among these techniques, the X‐ray diffraction was found to be the most convenient method. Through this method, the dispersion of Pd was found to decrease on catalyzing hydroxylamine reactions at 330 K. The deactivation of Pd/C for these reactions was correlated to the sintering of palladium. H2 chemisorption at 373 K was found to be a good way to accurately measure the number of active palladium sites in the Pd/C catalysts.
Polymerization of Allylhalides, Butadienes and Acetylenes Induced by Active Uranium Powder
Authors: Chang C. C. , Cheng C. P. , Chang C. T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAllylhalides, butadienes and acetylenes were reacted with an active uranium powder which was prepared via electrolytic amalgamation. The reactions were conducted under a mild condition and brought forth a series of oligomers and polymers. The structures were characterized by means of IR and NMR spectroscopy. Possible reaction routes are suggested.
An Improved Synthesis of Insect Sex Attractant: CIS‐7‐Dodecenyl Acetate
Authors: Kao Yi‐Mei , Shiao Min‐Jen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn improved synthesis is described for cis‐7‐dodecenyl Acetate, a component of the sex pheromone of the cabbage looper and agrotis ipsilon. The synthesis is carried out in a five step sequence with 1,6‐hexanediol as the starting material. The method gives an improved yield (44%) over previous synthetic methods.
Taiwanin H, A New Lignan from the Barks of Taiwania Cryptomerioides Hayata
Authors: Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Lin Yih‐Tsung , Lin Yau‐Tang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new lignan, taiwanin H, has been isolated from the barks of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata and elucidated as formula (6a) by chemical and physical evidence.
Mossbauer Study of the Effect of Intraligand Substituents on the Spin Crossover in Solid (Dithiocyanato)BIS(N‐Substituted‐Phenyl‐2‐Pyridinaldimine) Iron (II)
Authors: Wei H.H. , Kao S.P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe spin transition of high‐spin (sT2⇄)low‐spin (1A1) of (dithiocyanato) (N‐phenyl‐2‐pyridinaldimine) iron (II) complexes can be altered by substituents on the phenyl ring. Mössbauer spectra at 78K for the 4‐substituted derivatives (with the exception of the 4‐OH‐substituted derivative) indicate that the fraction of low‐spin states increases with decreasing substituent electron‐withdrawing ability, as measured by the Hammet σ constant (4‐OCH3<4‐CH3CONH 4‐C6H5<4‐CH3<4‐H<4‐Cl<4‐NO2). In addition, the effect of methyl‐substitution at the ortho‐, meta‐ or paraposition of the phenyl ring on the spin transition was examined. Mössbauer spectra of these methyl‐substituted complexes reveal quite different spin equilibria.
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Chromium (III) Ethylenediamine Tartrate: A Polarographic Study
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Kumar Arvind , Puri B.K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolarographic techniques have been used to investigate the complexing behaviour of chromium (III)‐ethylenediamine‐tartrate in aqueous solution. These complexes are reduced irreversibly at the dropping mercury electrode. The stability constants have been calculated by the method of Sundaresan and Sundaram. The values of the kinetic parameters; standard rate constant (Ks), transfer coefficient (α) and activation energy (Q) have also been calculated in each case.
Electrode Kinetics of Concentrated Sulfide Ion in Basic Solutions
Authors: Shih Yen‐Shiang , Lai Chih‐Chong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe diffusion coefficients of sulfide ion in 5 M NaOH solution with concentrations of (0.02–0.3)M at temperatures 24–50°C were determined using a rotating‐ring‐disc Pt electrode to be (0.5–2.0)×10−5 cm2/sec. The reaction order of the sulfide oxidation to sulfur was calculated to be 0.42 which implies one‐electron transfer as the rate‐limiting step and the reaction rate constant was found to be kf=2.57×10−5 exp(‐0.14ZFπ/RT).
Prediction of the Acid Strength of Some DI‐ and Trisubstituted Phenols
Authors: Nassar Ahmed M. G. , Abou‐Ali Samir A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe dissociation constants of some di‐and trisubstituted phenols were determined potentiometrically. The pK's values were calculated and correlated with those of monosubstituted phenols. The predicted pK's based on additivity principle of the substituent effects were compared with the experimental findings.
The Studies of the Resonance Raman Scattering and the Chemical Reactions Involved in the Gaseous Iodine Bromide Under Argon Ion Laser Light
Authors: Chang Hua , Wang Jia Lin , Tzeng Gwo Dean 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe resonance Raman spectra of gaseous iodine bromide IBr have been studied with the excitation of various argon ion laser lines from 5017 to 4579Å. The fine structures of the fundamental and few overtones of IBr are also studied by various power of 4880Å laser line. The resonance Raman scattering is found to be strong as that of Br2 and ICI. A new term “apparent spectroscopic temperature” is suggusted for the case of the resonance Raman scattering. The apparent spectroscopic temperatures measured in this cell show that the system is not in thermal equilibrium. Br2 is the hottest and I2 is the coldest. IBr is in the middle. Unfortunately, no chemical reaction enhanced phenomenon is found although there should be some chemical reactions occurring under the laser light. The initiating reaction is the photodissociation of the main component IBr which also has large absorptivity. Because of the non‐crossing between the B3Π and the 1Π states, the primary products of the photodissociation should be I and Br. The chemical reactions of I and Br with IBr follow. The reactions of I and IBr is endothermic but the reaction of Br with IBr is exothermic. Therefore vibrational hot Br2 is produced and its apparent spectroscopic temperature should be higher. On the other hand, the apparent spectroscopic temperature of I2 is lower.
Thymolphthalin as an Analytical Reagent: 1. Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferricyanide and Ferrocyanide
Authors: El‐Shahat M.P. , El‐Sayed A.B. , Abdel‐Badie M.M. , Amer A.I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThymolphthalein (I) as an acid‐base indicator is successfully reduced in sodium hydroxide medium and zinc dust into a colorless reagent (Thymolphthalin (III)). The latter is used as an analytical reagent in the colorimetric determination of some mildly strong oxidising agents such as potassium ferricyanide.Ferricyanide, ferrocyanide and a mixture of both are spectrophotometrically determined at 592 nm. Dichromate oxidises ferrocyanide to ferricyanide without interference on the reaction. The results obtained showed that the system does obey Beer's law over the concentration range 20–170 ug ferricyanide per 25ml. The molar absorbitivity is (4.28+0.02)×103 cm2 mg−1 mole‐1.
Preparation of 3‐Aryl‐4‐(5‐ARYL‐Δ2‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazolin‐3‐YL)Sydnones and their Conversion into 3‐ARYL‐4‐(5‐ARYL‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazol‐3‐YL)Sydnones
Authors: Yeh Mou‐Yung , Tien Hsien‐Ju , Fuchigami Toshio , Nonaka Tsutomu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract3‐Aryl‐4‐(5‐aryl‐Δ2‐1,2,4‐oxadiazolin‐3‐yl)sydnones (5) were synthesized in high yields by the reaction of 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carboxamide oximes (prepared from the corresponding 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carbonitriles) with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of acid catalysts. No reaction occurred when aliphatic aldehydes were used. The oxadiazolin‐3‐ylsydnones (5) were easily converted into the corresponding 3‐aryl‐4‐(5‐aryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)sydnones by N‐bromosuccinimide oxidation. The 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carbonitrile oxides were synthesized in good yields by N‐bromosuccinimide oxidation of the corresponding 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carboxaldehyde oximes.
New Observations on the Belousov‐Zhabotinskii Reaction. The Oscillating Reaction of Organic Gallic Acid and Potassium Bromate Catalyzed by 1,10‐o‐Phenanthroline‐Iron(II) Complex
Authors: Jwo Jing‐Jer , Chang Eng‐Fen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe oscillating reaction involving organic gallic acid (GA), potassium bromate, and a metal ion complex has been reinvestigated. In contrast to other previous reports, this oscillating reaction is catalyzed by the [Fe(phen)n]2+ ion (phen = 1,10‐o‐phenanthroline, n=1, 2, 3) rather than by the cerium ion. The characteristics of the oscillations depend on the temperature and on the concentrations of the potassium bromate, gallic acid, [Fe(phen)n]2+, and sulfuric acid. A cyclic voltammetric study indicates that the redox potential and the reversibility of the [Fe(phen)n]2+/3+ couple play a major role in catalyzing this oscillating system.
Electron Spin Resonance Analysis of Carbon on Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Chen Yu‐Wen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of carbon radicals on Ru/Al2O8, catalysts have been studied. Carbon monoxide treatment resulted in three kinds of sorbed species: a weakly sorbed CO species associated with the anisotropic spectrum; a more tightly sorted carbon species, perhaps amorphous carbon; and another carbon species, which is essentially unreactive with oxygen and may be graphitic carbon.
Catalytic Photometric Determination of Selenium by Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Hwang J. M. , Wei T. S. , Chen Y. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA method is developed for the determination of trace amounts of selenium by flow injection analysis based on the catalytic effect of this element. Catalytic enhancement by selenium for the reduction of picrate ion by sodium sulfide was used and photometrically measured at the wavelength, 470nm. Optimum conditions were determined for temperature, pH, the concentrations of picrate and sodium sulfide, and also the conditions of the flow system; injection of sample volume, flow rate and mixing coil length.With these conditions a good linear relationship was obtained for selenium in the range from 0.1 ppm to 1.0ppm and the detection limit was about 5ppb (two times of the noise). Interference by the diverse ions can be avoided with the use of a precolumn cation exchanger (Dowex 50) and by masking with EDTA in the conditional stream.
Physical Characterization of Acid‐Doped Polyaniline
Authors: Yang Sze‐Ming , Tsai Li‐No 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolyaniline has been synthesized by the chemical and electrochemical oxidation of aniline. The conductivities increase by seven order of magnitude upon protonation. The IR absorption band near 1590 cm−1 shifts to a lower frequency upon protonation. Visible spectra vary with the degree of protonation and the applied potential. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that polyaniline exists in several forms.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Diphenylmethane on TiO2 Powder
Authors: Liang Jang‐Jeng , Liu Tai‐Jei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBenzophenone is produced in the photocatalytic oxidation of diphenylmethane in an oxygen saturated TiO2 suspension. The yield is found to increase with increasing solvent polarity. An electron transfer mechanism is proposed in which a pair of electron‐positive holes generated initially by illumination may transfer an electron to O2 and abstract an electron from diphenylmethane to form O2− and ϕ2CH2+; subsequently, ϕ2CH2+ will react with O2− to give the product.
Effects of Different Solvent Characteristics on the Proton‐Ligand and Ni2+‐, Sm3+‐, AND Yb3+‐ Ligand Formation Constants of 5,5‐Dimethyl‐Cyclohexane‐2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)Hydrazono‐ 1,3‐Dione (DCPHD) in Various Mixed Aqueous Solvents‐(II)
Authors: Ramadan Atef A. T. , El‐Maraghy Salah B. , Aabdel‐Moez Mohammed S. , Taha Ali M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractComplex equilibria of DCPHD with proton and Ni2+, Sm3+, and Yb3+ ions has been measured in various mixed aqueous solvents, viz: isopropanol‐water, acetone‐water, ethanol‐water, and methanol‐water. Based on potentiometric equilibrium measurements of hydrogen ion concentration at 30°C, ionic strenght 0.10 M (KNO3) and in the above various mixed aqueous solvents, the values of the protonation constants of DCPHD and the stability constants of DCPHD with Ni2+, Sm3+, and Yb3+ have been evaluated. The variation of protonation and stability constants with the inverse of dielectric constant or mole fraction of the solvent was studied. Application of Fuoss expression and consideration of electrosatic and non‐electrostatic effects are made to explain the values of the constants.
Studies on Cage Compounds. Synthesis of 8,11‐Diazenediyl‐4,4‐Dimethoxy‐2,3,5,6‐Tetrachloropentacyclo[5.4.0.02,5.03,10.05,9]Undecane
Authors: Chou Teh‐Chang , Chiou Jong‐Hsin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe title compound (7) was synthesized in six steps from 1,8,9,10‐tetrachloro‐11,11‐dimethoxy‐endo‐tricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undeca‐4,9‐diene‐3,6‐dione (4) in an overall yield of 36%. The key intermediate, 1,8,9,10‐tetrachloro‐11,11‐dimethoxy‐endo‐tricyclo‐[6.2.1.02,7]undeca‐3,5,9‐triene (12), obtained from 4 by reduction, mesylation and then 1,4‐elimination, was allowed to react with diethyl azodicarboxylate to afford the Diels‐Alder adduct 16. Photochemical closure of 16, followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation, gave the title compound.The title compound failed to give either the homopentaprismanone derivative 3 or the diene 9 by the photochemical or thermal elimination of molecular nitrogen.
A Study of the Silylation of 1,8‐Dihydroxynaphthalene
Authors: Yang M. H. , Wu T. Y. , Liu S. L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwelve compounds each having a six membered Si‐contained heterocycle, have been successfully synthesized. Of these eleven compounds have never been reported in the literature. The structures were confirmed by Spectral analysis and elementary analysis. The stability and properties of these compounds is also discussed.
A Facile Synthesis of 3,4‐Diamino‐2,5‐Diacylthieno[2,3‐b]Thiophenes from Disodium(Dimercaptomethylene)Malononitrile and α‐Halo Ketones
Authors: Fuchigami Toshio , Kandeel Zaghloul El‐Shahat , Nonaka Tsutomu , Tien Hsien‐Ju 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVarious kinds of α‐halo ketones readily reacted with disodium (dimercaptomethylene)malononitrile to give the corresponding 34‐diamino‐2,5‐diacylthieno‐[2,3‐b]thiophenes in good to excellent yields. The reaction was successfully extended to the synthesis of a thienothiophene derivative having two sydnone rings by using the 4‐(bromoacetyl)sydnone.
A Study of the Constituents of the Bark of Chamaecyparis Formosensis Matsum
Authors: Fang Jim‐Min , Sheu Chi‐Min , Cheng Yu‐Shia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSixteen compounds were isolated from the bark of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. These compounds include four categories: (a) long‐chain alcohols, acids and esters, (b) sterols and their glucosides, (c) o‐methoxyphenol and related compounds, (d) diterpenes of abietane, pimarane, secoabietane and totarane.
The Constituents of the Leaves of Chamaecyparis Formosensis Matsum
Authors: Fang Jim‐Min , Lai Lee‐Jen , Cheng Yu‐Shia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractForty one terpenoidal compounds were isolated from the essential oil of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. The dominant component is α‐pinene. Other major components include β‐pinene, 3‐carene, α‐terpineol, γ‐muurolene, and kaurene.
The Cycloalkyl Ring Effect on the Spin State of Di(Thiocyanato)Bis(N‐Cycloalkyl‐Substituted‐2‐Pyridinaldimine) Iron(II)
Authors: Wei H. H. , Chiou B. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new series of octahedral iron(II) complexes with the composition Fe(II) (N‐R‐2‐pyridinaldimine)2(NCS)2, where R=cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl, have been synthesized and the spin states of the iron atom have been studied by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurement.
High Energy Fuels I: A Novel Preparation of Exo‐Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene by Isomerization of Endo‐Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene
Authors: Cheng Sheng‐San , Liou Kou‐Fu , Lin Yih‐Tsung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEndo‐tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (IV) is isomerized in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (I) to give exo‐tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (V). At higher acid concentrations, the isomerization occurs instantaneously. The preferred molar ratio of I to IV is in the range 0.05 to 4.0 and the preferred temperature is in the range 20°C to 100°C. Under these conditions, virtually no admantane is formed and undesirable C10H16 isomers can be reduced to a minimum. Besides the homogeneous system, the acid catalyst also works in a two‐phase heterogeneous system. The spent acid in the heterogeneous system can be reused without losing catalytic effectiveness.
High Energy Fuels II: Gas Chromatographic Separation of Energetic Compounds Derived from Dicyclopentadiene
Authors: Lin Yih‐Tsung , Linc Chien‐Kuo , Liou Kou‐Fu , Cheng Sheng‐San , Chang Ming‐Ju 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn effective gas‐liquid chromatographic separation of thirteen energetic dicyclopentadiene derivatives has been established using OV‐17 as the stationary phase. FID was chosen as the favorable detector after comparing its response factors with those of TCD. Using this method good repeatability, reproducibility and precision are obtained in both qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds investigated.
A Mild and Efficient Method for the Carbethoxylation of Amines
Authors: Chen Ling‐Ching , Yang Shyh‐Chyun 
Published: June 2015

Abstract3‐Carbethoxy‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione [CTT(2)] has been prepared by treatment of 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione (3) with ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine. CTT(2) shows high reactivity towards the amines.
Improved Extraction Method and Chromatographic Separation of Ginsenosides from Ginseng Roots, Leaves and Ginseng Drug Preparations
Authors: Sye Wen‐Fa , Tsai Pai‐Feng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new extraction method for ginsenosides from ginseng roots, ginseng leaves and ginseng drug preparations by Sep‐Pak C18 cartridges has been studied. Ginsenoside extraction by Sep‐Pak cartridges is a rapid, efficient, reproducible method. In addition, the extracts were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The major components of ginseng saponins were effectively separated using an ODS‐120T column.