bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximal intended velocity training induces greater gains in bench press performance than deliberately slower half‐velocity training
Authors: González‐Badillo Juan José , Rodríguez‐Rosell David , Sánchez‐Medina Luis , Gorostiaga Esteban M. , Pareja‐Blanco Fernando 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect on strength gains of two isoinertial resistance training (RT) programmes that only differed in actual concentric velocity: maximal (MaxV) vs. half‐maximal (HalfV) velocity. Twenty participants were assigned to a MaxV (n = 9) or HalfV (n = 11) group and trained 3 times per week during 6 weeks using the bench press (BP). Repetition velocity was controlled using a linear velocity transducer. A complementary study (n = 10) aimed to analyse whether the acute metabolic (blood lactate and ammonia) and mechanical response (velocity loss) was different between the MaxV and HalfV protocols used. Both groups improved strength performance from pre‐ to post‐training, but MaxV resulted in significantly greater gains than HalfV in all variables analysed: one‐repetition maximum (1RM) strength (18.2 vs. 9.7%), velocity developed against all (20.8 vs. 10.0%), light (11.5 vs. 4.5%) and heavy (36.2 vs. 17.3%) loads common to pre‐ and post‐tests. Light and heavy loads were identified with those moved faster or slower than 0.80 m·s−1 (∼60% 1RM in BP). Lactate tended to be significantly higher for MaxV vs. HalfV, with no differences observed for ammonia which was within resting values. Both groups obtained the greatest improvements at the training velocities (≤0.80 m·s−1). Movement velocity can be considered a fundamental component of RT intensity, since, for a given %1RM, the velocity at which loads are lifted largely determines the resulting training effect. BP strength gains can be maximised when repetitions are performed at maximal intended velocity.
Arabidopsis Glutathione Transferases U24 and U25 Exhibit a Range of Detoxification Activities with the Environmental Pollutant and Explosive, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Authors: Gunning Vanda , Tzafestas Kyriakos , Sparrow Helen , Johnston Emily J. , Brentnall Andrew S. , Potts Jennifer R. , Rylott Elizabeth L. , Bruce Neil C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a major worldwide military pollutant. The presence of this toxic and highly persistent pollutant, particularly at military sites and former manufacturing facilities, presents various health and environmental concerns. Due to the chemically resistant structure of TNT, it has proven to be highly recalcitrant to biodegradation in the environment. Here, we demonstrate the importance of two glutathione transferases (GSTs), GST-U24 and GST-U25, from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that are specifically up-regulated in response to TNT exposure. To assess the role of GST-U24 and GST-U25, we purified and characterized recombinant forms of both enzymes and demonstrated the formation of three TNT glutathionyl products. Importantly, GST-U25 catalyzed the denitration of TNT to form 2-glutathionyl-4,6-dinitrotoluene, a product that is likely to be more amenable to subsequent biodegradation in the environment. Despite the presence of this biochemical detoxification pathway in plants, physiological concentrations of GST-U24 and GST-U25 result in only a limited innate ability to cope with the levels of TNT found at contaminated sites. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GST-U24 and GST-U25 exhibit significantly enhanced ability to withstand and detoxify TNT, properties that could be applied for in planta detoxification of TNT in the field. The overexpressing lines removed significantly more TNT from soil and exhibited a corresponding reduction in glutathione levels when compared with wild-type plants. However, in the absence of TNT, overexpression of these GSTs reduces root and shoot biomass, and although glutathione levels are not affected, this effect has implications for xenobiotic detoxification.
Socioeconomic impacts of floods and droughts in the middle Zambezi river basin
Authors: Bola Bosongo Gode , Ndembo Longo Jean , Goldin Jacqui , Lukanda Muamba Vincent 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to analyse how floods and droughts affect communities' livelihood in the middle Zambezi river basin and coping mechanisms which households apply to counter the impact of floods and droughts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The method adopted was semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and semi-structured questionnaires.

Findings
– Thematic analysis shows that the major issues affecting communities' livelihood in the middle Zambezi river basin are related to frequent floods and droughts. Floods are due to heavy seasonal rainfall which occurs at the peak of the rainfall season. As for droughts, the frequency of dry-spells of 20 days on average has been observed during the crop season. The impacts of floods and droughts in the district, notably in some wards such as Kanyemba, are the reduction of crop production, food shortages, reduction of agriculture derived income and erosion of social network. Households have responded to these impacts through a number of coping mechanisms including disposal of assets, labour migration, stream bank and floodplain cultivation, piecework, remittance, wild production and fishing. However, such coping mechanisms are short term and some of them are in conflict with the country's environmental laws.

Originality/value
– This paper reports a study on the first such finding related to socioeconomic impact of floods and droughts on households located in the middle Zambezi valley which is 500 km from Harare with a specific focus on traditional coping strategies in the face of disasters.
Adaptive institutional design in agri-environmental programs
Authors: Hurlbert Margot 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to explore how and in what context adaptive governance might work in practice in relation to climate variability through the study of two successful agri-environmental programs.Design/methodology/approach– Data were obtained through semi-structured qualitative interviews with key policy informants as well as rural agricultural producers. The adaptive attributes of two successful agri-environmental programs with a proven track record in reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptive capacity of rural producers were studied, including program responsiveness, program framing, stakeholder engagement mechanisms, and the respective roles of key actors.Findings– The adaptive governance practices of program delivery through localized government personnel and organizations increased perceived responsiveness. Mechanisms of program delivery and stakeholder participation and review changed over time as well as the framing of programs. Producers and key policy informants agreed that producers responded to concretely framed issues. A possible disconnect was discovered in the anticipated role of government in relation to meeting and responding to the climate change challenge.Practical implications– This research shows a need to study changes in programs over time in relation to the attributes of adaptive management. Differing climatic events, geographies, and government and stakeholder priorities all contribute to changes in the institutional design of programs and policies.Originality/value– This paper documents adaptive governance practices in relation to two agri-environmental programs that have successfully facilitated producer adaptation to climate variability in the past, as well as the perceptions of agricultural producers of the future role of government in relation to responding to climate change.
Community management of regeneration projects in Potsdam, Germany
Authors: Shand Rory 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the governance of regeneration projects, as part of the pan-German Social City initiative, examine the key actors engaged in delivery of renewal, and set out findings, before mapping the actors and governance models in regeneration in the area.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper draws upon the paradigm of governance to illustrate actors in regeneration, about which little has been written thus far. The paper draws upon interviews with these actors in Potsdam and uses the policy networks approach to examine where power, resources and function are allocated among the actors in renewal.

Findings
– Though the community actor is an important conduit between the private sector and tiers of governance, in Potsdam the funding focus comes from private individuals and business, there is less scope for the community to act as manager of projects in renewal.

Originality/value
– The role of community managers can be compared to other subnational, national or global regeneration programmes. In examining the strengths and weaknesses of this model, the findings are of value in comparable cases as well as to policy makers and practitioners. The role of communities in working with business and government can be replicated and learnt from in other cases.
Awareness and attitude towards corporate social responsibility
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Kumar Datta Saroj , Roy Ankur 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– This paper is an attempt to explore the awareness and attitude of the management students towards corporate social responsibility (CSR). Students are perceived as future managers of the corporate world and their perception about CSR is deemed important to business organisations. The students can make companies understand their responsibility towards various stakeholders. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– By doing a review of past literature, an appropriate scale consisting of forty-one items has been developed to measure the dimensions of CSR. Data were collected from 294 students of various business schools situated in Rajasthan (India). The data collected was subjected to exploratory factor analysis to extract the main dimensions that would bring out the attitudes of the students towards CSR.Findings– Results revealed that the companies should pay attention to accountability towards stakeholders, corporate governance, ethical commitment and humanitarian concerns besides fulfilling other responsibilities as covered under the eight factors identified in the study.Research limitations/implications– This paper used survey data from small sample of management students in a limited geographic area. Hence, it might be difficult to generalize the results to a larger, more representative population. The research also suggests how corporations can make CSR an integral part of the business organisation.Practical implications– The dimensions identified in the study if incorporated by the business in its day-to-day operations can make it socially responsible as well as socially acceptable in the true sense.Originality/value– This research makes an empirical contribution to identify the factors which management students expect business enterprises should do to be justified as socially responsible corporate citizens.
The informal road to markets
Authors: Kus Basak 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The informal economy has expanded across developing countries during the last decades. Focussing on the Turkish case, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role of neoliberal reforms in this development. The author argues that neoliberal reforms produced a double-edged transformation in the regulatory environment of Turkey. On the one hand, the legal rules that constrain the operation of market forces decreased giving way to more entrepreneurial activity; while on the other hand, the state's effectiveness in “policing” the market declined. As the regulatory barriers to private entrepreneurship decreased, the regulatory barriers to informality also decreased. Private sector growth and informalization emerged as the concomitant outcomes of neoliberal reforms.Design/methodology/approach– This paper examines how the state's changing regulatory relationship to the private sector under neoliberal reforms fostered informal economic activities through a close study of the Turkish case.Findings– At the end of the 1980s, the Peruvian economist Hernando De Soto popularized the view that informalization resulted from government regulations imposing rigid constraints and costs on economic actors, and so would be restrained by decreasing or eliminating them. The economic developments of the past few decades challenge this view, however. The size of the informal economy has expanded in developing nations at a period when government regulations have been declining. How can we explain the increasing volume of informal economic activity in developing nations over the past few decades? And more, how can we explain that this has happened during a period when the private sector has grown, and regulatory rigidities have declined? This paper argues that the state's changing regulatory relationship to the private sector under neoliberal reforms was an important factor in the expansion of informal economic activities.Originality/value– The implications of neoliberal reforms for economic processes have been widely studied in the social scientific literature. Only a handful of studies have explored their implications for the informal economy, however. These studies singled out factors such as the decline in public employment, weakening of labor unions, or capital's enhanced ability to exploit labor in contributing to informalization of developing country economies in the neoliberal era. By discussing how the changing regulatory contours of the state-economy relationship played a role in the growth of informally operating private enterprises, this paper adds to the existing knowledge of this relationship.
Making customer engagement fun
Authors: Kim Jieun , Kim Jae-Eun 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate what values luxury customers may seek to fulfill during their interaction with salespersons and how perceived value fulfillment may impact salesperson loyalty and store loyalty. The paper also examines the moderating effect of the degree of friendship with a salesperson.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. In total, 22 luxury fashion brand stores located in eight of the largest department stores in Seoul, Korea, were selected as the luxury fashion retail context for the research. A total of 220 questionnaires were used for data analysis.

Findings
– Fulfillment of self-oriented values had a significant positive influence on store loyalty and fulfillment of stimulation had a significant positive influence on salesperson loyalty. There was significant interaction effect between stimulation and degree of friendship on salesperson loyalty.

Research limitations/implications
– The results of this study provide practical implications in the management of customer relationship. An emphasis on qualities of luxury products that are linked to the fulfillment of self-oriented and/or personal values such as superior quality or ability to gain emotional benefits should be warranted for success as a luxury brand or a luxury retailer.

Originality/value
– This research is important as it can inform luxury salesperson on how to better meet customer's psychological needs in the context of a selling situation; ultimately contribute to their salesperson loyalty and loyalty to the brand.
Am I worth it? Gifting myself with luxury
Authors: Kauppinen-Räisänen Hannele , Gummerus Johanna , von Koskull Catharina , Finne Åke , Helkkula Anu , Kowalkowski Christian , Rindell Anne 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Consumers gift themselves with luxury fashion brands, yet the motives for self-gifting are not well understood. Whereas traditionally, self-gifting is defined as self-orientated in nature, luxury brands are seen as social statements, and self-gifting of luxury fashion brands that combine these two controversial areas is an interesting research topic. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue by exploring the self-gifting behaviour of consumers, in particular focusing on the personal motives of gifting oneself with luxury fashion brands.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study takes a multi-qualitative approach involving a small (n=19) but rich sample. Data collection and analysis were triangulated to reduce researcher biases.

Findings
– The study provides key dimensions for understanding consumers’ perceptions of luxury fashion brands and self-gifting motives (self and socially orientated). The findings reveal that reflections from others are part of the self-gifting phenomenon. It appeared that although self-orientated benefits and personally orientated motives trigger the self-gifting act, the act of actually purchasing explicitly luxury brands for oneself as a gift may be triggered by other-orientated benefits and socially orientated motives. The findings also imply that luxury holds a self-orientated aspect; luxury brands are not only purchased for socially orientated reasons but also for reasons related to oneself. In addition, the findings discuss the act of shopping, where the act can be perceived as a luxury experience and overrun the importance of the brand.

Practical implications
– The findings provide insights to consumers’ gifting behaviour that may be valuable for retailers and fashion marketers as they plan for marketing activities related to their customers’ self-gifting.

Originality/value
– Self-gifting represents a view of gifting that remains under-researched. This study uncovers the motives for gifting oneself with luxury fashion brands, a further sub-area in need for more investigation.
Responsible education and multiple learning identities by the Mamanwas in Surigao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Rabasso Carlos , Rabasso Javier 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– How responsible education and “green” learning becomes crucial for survival for the Mamanwa ethnic minority in Surigao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Ten interviews to teachers and 40 Mamanwa students at the Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit School in Palalihan, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines. Each interview lasted for 1 hour and had ten questions related to “green” learning, responsible education, ecospirituality and sustainable practices. The teachers' interviews took into account how the students incorporate into their learning process the traditional curriculum being taught in the Philippines in primary schools and the Indigenous People's Core Curriculum (IPCC) which has been implemented recently to indigenous people all through the country. Each interview to the students lasted 30 minutes and was related about the things they leaned, how they learned it and applied it to their daily lives.Findings– The importance of a Christian approach to indigenous education respects the traditions and sacred knowledge of a marginalised community in the Philippines. The teaching approach of the Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit (MSSHS) shows the development of “green” knowledge and responsible educational capabilities in their practices as educators.Research limitations/implications– Tribal cultural values and MSSHS education bring in a kind of “transcultural” learning process which gives Mamanwas greater skills for cross-cultural adaptation in the Pilipino environment.Practical implications– Non-formal education through the IPCC becomes a key element for the learning process in an environment where sustainable practices are part of the upbringing of the Mamanwa community.Social implications– The relationship between spiritual values and the environment shows a greater closeness between responsible education and “green” learning.Originality/value– Thanks to the MSSHS education, the Mamanwa community has learned, through a syncretic educational process, a greater ability for transcultural adaptation in a transitional process for ethnic minorities in the Philippines.
The relationship between leadership paradigms and employee engagement
Authors: Zhang Tanyu , C. Avery Gayle , Bergsteiner Harald , More Elizabeth 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– This study investigated whether the direct supervisor's leadership style affects employee engagement using Avery's classical, transactional, visionary, and organic leadership paradigms as the theoretical framework. The study also investigated how many and which components of employee engagement (“say”, “stay” and “strive”) contribute to the construct. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– A sample of 439 retail sales assistants in Sydney, Australia, responded to a mixed-mode questionnaire survey. Factor analysis, independentt-tests, analysis of variance and structural regression models were used in the data analysis.Findings– Both research questions were supported. Results showed that the visionary and organic paradigms are likely to enhance employee engagement, whereas classical and transactional styles negatively affect employee engagement. Furthermore, the data confirmed that the three behavioral-outcome factors all do contribute to the employee engagement construct.Research limitations/implications– One implication for researchers is that an employee engagement measure with demonstrably high reliability and validity, and known components has been developed. This study could be replicated in different national and occupational contexts, the leadership measures reconfirmed and expanded, follower characteristics included as moderating variables, and links to organizational performance investigated.Practical implications– The findings suggest that direct supervisors should be encouraged to use visionary and/or organic leadership wherever possible to drive employee engagement.Originality/value– This paper is original in several ways. It resolves an ongoing dispute in the literature about the components of employee engagement, namely whether all three components contribute to the concept. In answering this question, a valid and reliable questionnaire was developed. Using four leadership paradigms, including classical and organic leadership that are rarely investigated, this study demonstrates that employee perceptions of the leadership style used by their direct supervisor are linked to employee engagement.
Water as a corporate resource
Authors: S. Fogel Daniel , Elizabeth Palmer Janet 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Water is a unique resource that does not receive enough attention among companies given its essential contribution to human life. Its uniqueness among all resources results from its environmental, socio-political and economic characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to explore water's uniqueness to companies, especially how one company, Coca-Cola, is currently managing this resource and to describe a few serious challenges that companies will face.

Design/methodology/approach
– Coca-Cola has become a leader among these corporations, and we can learn from this company about suggested actions that others might want to use.

Findings
– The major actions that companies must take relate to impact assessment and reporting, increased stewardship as a corporate responsibility, observing principles of sustainability and the increased recognition of water in all environmental policies and regulatory actions, partnerships with government and non-government organizations, and technology and design, i.e. allocating financial and human capital to develop new technologies.

Originality/value
– Several corporations, in recognizing water's uniqueness as a resource, have taken actions for its management.