bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of crack density on geomechanical behavior of granular composites with porous grains and fluid‐saturated pores
Authors: Berryman James G. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe analysis of geomechanical behavior for granular systems including fluid‐filled pores depends strongly on the crack density present within the system being studied. Effective overall bulk and shear moduli are both significantly influenced by these crack system parameters. Present effort concentrates on the geomechanical analyses needed to treat anisotropic (specifically orthotropic) poroelastic grains jumbled together to form an overall isotropic polycrystalline poroelastic material. As predicted, poroelastic effects induced by fluids in the cracks are observed to be significant for the effective bulk modulus, but simple pore fluids do not affect the magnitude of effective overall shear modulus. These results are also shown to depend in a quantitatively predictable way on crack density values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety analysis of Epzicom® (lamivudine/abacavir sulfate) in post‐marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Kurita Tomoko , Kitaichi Tomomi , Nagao Takako , Miura Toshiyuki , Kitazono Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo obtain safety and effectiveness data on a combined anti‐HIV drug, Epzicom (abacavir 600 mg/lamivudine 300 mg), a post‐marketing surveillance on Epzicom that was required by the Japanese regulatory authority was conducted between January 2005 and December 2010.MethodsA joint survey (HIV‐related drug [HRD] survey) has been conducted involving manufacturers of drugs for treatment of HIV infection in Japan. Safety and effectiveness data from total 624 cases (1107.3 person‐years) registered to the HRD surveys and received Epzicom were obtained. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were defined as adverse events (AE) of which association with Epzicom could not be ‘ruled out’.ResultsIt was found that the incidence of ADR was 32.4% (202/624 cases) on the case basis. In addition, the frequently reported ADR included hyperlipidaemia (59 cases), hypertriglyceridaemia (21 cases), blood bilirubin increased (19 cases), gamma‐glutamyltransferase increase (14 cases), blood triglyceride increase (14 cases) and rash (14 cases). Serious AEs were seen in 19 patients (30 events), including one death (no evident association with Epzicom). There were four cases (0.6%) of survey‐defined ‘hypersensitivity’, and the incidence was 0.9% (4/445) among abacavir naïve patients; none of which was reported as serious. No case of myocardial infarction was reported. One pregnant case who delivered a normal baby by caesarean section was reported to have experienced aggravation of anaemia and nausea.ConclusionsThe post‐marketing surveillance indicated that the incidence of both ischaemic heart disease and hypersensitivity associated with Epzicom was considerably low, suggesting that this drug can be safely used in the Japanese population. © 2014 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of structural dynamics in RACK1 protein retained throughout evolution: A hydrogen‐deuterium exchange study of three orthologs
Authors: Tarnowski Krzysztof , Fituch Kinga , Szczepanowski Roman H. , Dadlez Michal , Kaus‐Drobek Magdalena 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRACK1 is a member of the WD repeat family of proteins and is involved in multiple fundamental cellular processes. An intriguing feature of RACK1 is its ability to interact with at least 80 different protein partners. Thus, the structural features enabling such interactomic flexibility are of great interest. Several previous studies of the crystal structures of RACK1 orthologs described its detailed architecture and confirmed predictions that RACK1 adopts a seven‐bladed β‐propeller fold. However, this did not explain its ability to bind to multiple partners. We performed hydrogen‐deuterium (H‐D) exchange mass spectrometry on three orthologs of RACK1 (human, yeast, and plant) to obtain insights into the dynamic properties of RACK1 in solution. All three variants retained similar patterns of deuterium uptake, with some pronounced differences that can be attributed to RACK1's divergent biological functions. In all cases, the most rigid structural elements were confined to B‐C turns and, to some extent, strands B and C, while the remaining regions retained much flexibility. We also compared the average rate constants for H‐D exchange in different regions of RACK1 and found that amide protons in some regions exchanged at least 1000‐fold faster than in others. We conclude that its evolutionarily retained structural architecture might have allowed RACK1 to accommodate multiple molecular partners. This was exemplified by our additional analysis of yeast RACK1 dimer, which showed stabilization, as well as destabilization, of several interface regions upon dimer formation.
The utility of serum biomarkers to detect myocardial alterations induced by Imatinib in rats
Authors: Herman Eugene , Knapton Alan , Zhang Jun , Estis Joel , Todd John , Lipshultz Steven 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundImatinib (Imb) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with cardiotoxic activity (decreases in left ventricular function and congestive heart failure) in patients. Currently, clinical diagnosis of Imb cardiotoxicity relies primarily on evaluation of left ventricular function, Imb also induces cardiac lesions in rats.AimsThis study, in rats, sought to determine whether monitoring biochemical markers would be a sensitive means to detect Imb‐induced changes in cardiomyocyte morphology.Materials and methodsGroups of male Sprague–Dawley rats were dosed orally with 50, 100, 200 mg kg−1 Imb or water daily for 28 days. Tissues and blood samples were collected 24 h after the last dosing. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) were monitored by the Erenna, Elecsys, and Meso Scale immunoassay systems.ResultsImb caused microscopic myocardial lesions (myofibrillar loss, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and necrosis) at all doses as determined by unbiased histopathology analysis. The severity of the alterations was dose‐related with mean lesion scores (based on a scale of 0–3) of 1.2 (50 mg kg−1), 2.1 (100 mg kg−1) and 2.9 (200 mg kg−1). However, the increases in cTnI, cTnT, and FABP3 levels were noted primarily in high‐dose Imb treated animals.Discussion and conclusionThe occurrence of myocardial alterations in animals without consistent changes in cardiac troponin and FABP3 concentrations raises questions regarding the utility of these biomarkers as early indicators of Imb‐induced cardiotoxicity. Due to limited numbers of animals the reasons for this discrepancy could not be determined.
The design of linear and circular polarization for dual band microstrip slot antenna
Authors: Pomsathit Auttapon , Rakluea Paitoon , Anantrasirichai Noppin , Benjangkaprasert Chawalit , Wakabayashi Toshio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a lightweight antenna for wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna has been designed to be a dual‐band and dual‐polarized antenna by using a right‐angled slot structure fed a by microstrip line. The designed antenna is composed of three right‐angled slot radiators on the ground plane. The first two radiators are right‐angled slots of similar scale which are added to generate circular polarization at 4.95 GHz, while the last one has been designed for linear polarization at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, in order to achieve dual‐band operation and dual polarization with good matching, a special arrangement is proposed. The results of simulation and measurements such as return loss, axial ratio, and radiation patterns are shown at the resonant frequencies of 2.45 and 4.95 GHz. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. In addition, the presented antenna can operate and cover the applications of a wireless local area network (WLAN IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/j/n). © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Study on power system small‐disturbance uncertainty stability considering wind power
Authors: Ma Zhaoxing , Gu Wei , Wan Qiulan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn order to study in depth the influence of the uncertainty factors on power system stability and to obtain the probability of instability under different levels, an evaluation method of power system stability based on monomial cubature rules (MCRs) is proposed. In this paper, the wind speed and the matrix spectral radius are considered as the uncertainty parameter and the output response, respectively. The relationship between the wind speed and the matrix spectral radius is found with MCRs to assess power system dynamic stability, and linear regression is used to solve chaotic polynomial coefficients. The comparison of the calculation results of the MCRs and Monte Carlo simulations on the IEEE 30‐bus system indicates that the MCRs require a smaller number of computations and give high accuracy. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel simulation of AC magnetic contactor based on electromagnetic transients program
Authors: Kanokbannakorn Weerawoot , Saengsuwan Trin , Sirisukprasert Siriroj 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a new simulation approach for the AC magnetic contactor using the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP). The duality transformation technique is applied to convert a magnetic model into an electrical model. The great advantages of the proposed model are its capability of being directly simulated with other electrical components using EMTP and, therefore, its minimum level of complexity. To enhance the precision of the proposed model, the saturation of magnetic core and the fringing flux effects are taken into account. The performance and accuracy of the proposed model are verified by comparing them with those from finite element method (FEM) simulations and experiments. The results confirm that the proposed model has very good performance and the technique can be further applied to other magnetic components. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Steady‐state solutions of a voltage source converter with dq‐frame controllers by means of the time‐domain method
Authors: Lian Kuo L. , Syai'in Mat 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA voltage source converter (VSC) is one of the most widely used power converters in a power system. In this paper, a time‐domain‐based accelerated steady‐state method is proposed to solve for a closed‐loop pulse‐width modulated (PWM) VSC with dq‐frame controllers, which is able to account for the harmonic interactions between the converter and the rest of the power network, between the AC and DC sides of a VSC, and between the converter and its controllers. The proposed time‐domain method is based on the modified time‐domain shooting method, where the Jacobian matrix is updated by the quasi‐Newtons method. This will drastically increase the computation efficiency as it avoids re‐evaluating and inverting the Jacobian matrix, whose size is usually very large for a PWM‐VSC due to high number of times of switching. All the results are shown to be consistent with those obtained by a PSCAD/EMTDC model, which has been validated with the experiment in a previous publication. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A genetic algorithm with local search using activity list characteristics for solving resource‐constrained project scheduling problem with multiple modes
Authors: Okada Ikutaro , Takahashi Koji , Zhang Wenqiang , Zhang Xiaofu , Yang Hongyu , Fujimura Shigeru 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to solve the problem of resource‐constrained project scheduling with multiple modes (rc‐PSP/mM), in which multiple execution modes are available for each of the project's activity and with minimization of makespan as objective. We present a new genetic algorithm approach in order to solve this problem. In this procedure, we propose a new mutation operator that exploits a critical path and two new local search procedures, i.e. critical path improvement local search (cpiLS) and iterative forward/backward local search (ifbLS), using activity list characteristics. The cpiLS reduces the critical path and the ifbLS improves resource allocation of the schedule of rc‐PSP/mM. Also, to evaluate the proposed approach, we compare the results of the computational experiment on certain standard project instances with the several competing heuristic procedures presented in the literature, and it has been revealed that our procedure is one of the most competitive among the algorithms. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Children's Literature on the Digital Move
Authors: Wolf Shelby A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChildren's literature is on the digital move, and many of the new technologies are eye popping in terms of their aesthetic qualities. Books that are already beloved are moving into new spaces well beyond the combination of words and illustration, as movement, sound, and interactivity enter the scene. The purpose of this article is to explore three children's books and their technological shifts. The key question is: “Does the advent of new technology destroy or enhance the world of story?” Arguing that technological transformations must be designed to meet the needs of all learners, the author explores who has access, in what forms, and with what sense of privilege children enter or fail to enter into 2.0 digital literacies. The author concludes that research must question the social, economic, and political ramifications as children move into these spaces.
First‐trimester fetal cardiac examination using spatiotemporal image correlation, tomographic ultrasound and color Doppler imaging for the diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease in high‐risk patients
Authors: Turan S. , Turan O. M. , Desai A. , Harman C. R. , Baschat A. A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveA four‐dimensional (4D) fetal echocardiographic technique utilizing spatiotemporal image correlation, tomographic ultrasound imaging display (STIC‐TUI echo) and color Doppler has previously been shown to be effective in displaying the examination planes constituting the extended cardiac examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of this first‐trimester STIC‐TUI echo technique in identifying complex congenital heart disease (CHD) in high‐risk pregnancies.MethodsThis was a prospective study of patients presenting at first‐trimester screening who were at high risk for CHD owing to pregestational diabetes, in‐vitro fertilization (IVF), increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, first‐trimester tricuspid regurgitation or reversed ductus venosus (DV) a‐wave, a previous child with CHD or who were on anticonvulsant medication. First‐trimester STIC‐TUI echo was performed, and the findings were correlated with second‐trimester echocardiography and post‐delivery echo findings in survivors.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐four fetuses from 152 patients were enrolled (77 diabetics, 38 IVF, 14 with increased NT, 23 cases of tricuspid regurgitation or reversed a‐wave in the DV, 22 with prior CHD and two on anticonvulsants). STIC‐TUI echo was abnormal in 20 (12%), showing atrioventricular canal defect (n = 9), hypoplastic left heart (n = 2), pulmonary stenosis (n = 2), right aortic arch (n = 1), interrupted aortic arch (n = 1), tricuspid atresia (n = 1), heterotaxy (n = 1), persistent truncus arteriosus (n = 1), double outlet right ventricle and ventricular septal defect (n = 1) and double inlet ventricle with transposition of the great arteries (n = 1). 85% of these anomalies were evident in the four‐chamber view plane of the TUI display, and the remainder were diagnosed in the outflow tract planes with color Doppler imaging. In 13, CHD was isolated while seven had extracardiac anomalies. Thirteen fetuses had aneuploidy and all 13 underwent first‐trimester termination of pregnancy. In the remaining seven, second‐trimester echocardiography and neonatal echo/postmortem examination confirmed anomalies (two stillborn neonates, one neonatal death, four live births). Two cases of CHD missed by first‐trimester STIC‐TUI echo were diagnosed on second‐trimester echo. Accordingly, first‐trimester STIC‐TUI echo had 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the detection of CHD.ConclusionsFirst‐trimester 4D echocardiography using a standardized application of STIC, TUI and color Doppler imaging is effective in displaying the imaging planes that are necessary for achieving the diagnosis of complex cardiac anomalies in high‐risk patients. Optimal imaging of the four‐chamber view with two‐dimensional ultrasound is the major determinant of successful volume acquisition. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Beals syndrome (congenital contractural arachnodactyly): prenatal ultrasound findings and molecular analysis
Authors: Inbar‐Feigenberg M. , Meirowitz N. , Nanda D. , Toi A. , Okun N. , Chitayat D. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the prenatal findings in two cases of Beals syndrome. Both pregnancies presented with clinical features of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita/fetal akinesia syndrome (AMC/FAS), including clenched fists and multiple joint contractures on repeat prenatal ultrasound examinations. The first case was diagnosed as having Beals syndrome on physical examination shortly after birth and the diagnosis was confirmed by DNA analysis, shown as a point mutation in the fibrillin 2 (FBN2) gene. The second case was diagnosed with Beals syndrome following microarray analysis on amniocytes, which showed a deletion of the FBN2 gene. Although most cases with AMC/FAS carry a poor prognosis, Beals syndrome is consistent with normal cognitive development and a better prognosis. Thus, making the correct diagnosis is crucial, both pre‐ and postnatally, for accurate counseling and management. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hereditäre Optikusatrophien
Authors: Neuhann T.M. , Rautenstrauss B. 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
Bei hereditären Optikusatrophien werden 2 Untergruppen differenziert: isolierte hereditäre Optikusatrophien und hereditäre Optikusatrophien als Teil von syndromalen Erkrankungen. In der 1. Gruppe ist die Beeinträchtigung des N. opticus typischerweise die einzige Manifestation. Diese Gruppe umfasst insbesondere autosomal-dominante und autosomal-rezessive Optikusatrophien, darüber hinaus auch die mitochondrial vererbte hereditäre Leber-Optikusneuropathie (LHON).
In der 2. Gruppe, die die syndromalen Erkrankungen umfasst, wird eine Vielzahl neurologischer und anderer systemischer Auffälligkeiten beobachtet. Am häufigsten sind hier Veränderungen der mitochondrialen DNA (mtDNA) ursächlich. Weiterhin ist eine Optikusatrophie Symptom von einigen erblichen peripheren Neuropathien bzw. Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Erkrankungen (CMT2A2, CMTX5), hereditären sensorischen Neuropathie Typ 3 (HSAN3), Friedreich-Ataxie, Leukodystrophien, Sphingolipidosen, Zeroidlipofuszinosen und Eisenspeichererkrankungen („neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation“, NBIA). Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die zugrundeliegenden genetischen Prädispositionen und die klinischen Phänotypen erläutert.
Sharing stories of discrimination with parents
Authors: Juang Linda P. , Syed Moin 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study we examined whether experiences of discrimination during childhood and adolescence were told to parents, the reasons for not telling, and whether telling was associated with adolescent characteristics and aspects of the current parent–child relationship. The sample included 200 ethnically diverse college students. Results supported a transactional view of socialization whereby youth who had not shared their discrimination stories expected negative parental reactions or were concerned for their parents' well‐being. The likelihood of telling was not directly associated with ethnicity, gender, or parent–child communication. Rather, those who rated the discrimination event as more important and reported greater current parental cultural and racial socialization were more likely to have disclosed their story of discrimination, depending on ethnicity. Understanding disclosure of discrimination experiences is important. When adolescents choose not to share experiences of discrimination with their parents, there may be lost opportunities for a greater understanding of these challenging experiences.
Risk factors for incident dementia after stroke and transient ischemic attack
Authors: Yang Jie , Wong Adrian , Wang Zhaolu , Liu Wenyan , Au Lisa , Xiong Yunyun , Chu Winnie W.C. , Leung Eric Y.L. , Chen Sirong , Lau Christine , Chan Anne Y.Y. , Lau Alexander Y.L. , Fan Florence , Ip Vincent , Soo Yannie , Leung Thomas , Ho Chi L. , Wong Lawrence K.S. , Mok Vincent C.T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that chronic brain changes are important substrates for incident dementia after stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).MethodsWe compared clinical and imaging features between patients with consecutive stroke/TIA with (n = 88) and without (n = 925) incident dementia at 3 to 6 months after a stroke/TIA. Pittsburg compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography was performed in 50 patients, including those with (n = 37) and without (n = 13) incident dementia.ResultsAge, history of diabetes mellitus, severity of white matter changes (WMCs), and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTLA) were associated with incident dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD)–like PiB retention was found in 29.7% and 7.7% (P = .032) of patients with and without incident dementia, respectively.ConclusionsChronic brain changes including WMCs, MTLA, and AD pathology are associated with incident dementia after stroke/TIA. Interventions targeting these chronic brain changes may reduce burden of vascular cognitive impairment.
Through A Japanese Prism: Foreign influence and Chinese telecommunications in the early Republican era
Authors: YANG DAQING 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the key modern infrastructure of telecommunications in early Republican China, through the eyes of a Japanese, Nakayama Ryûji, who served as a telecommunications adviser to the Chinese government from 1913 to 1928. Nakayama's numerous reports and recommendations to his Chinese employer and frequent confidential dispatches to the Japanese government, when read together, constitute a fascinating prism. They not only reveal problems as well as the potential in China's telecommunications sector, they also highlight Japan's efforts to compete with other foreign actors in China through the provision of Japanese equipment, expertise, and loans. While Nakayama strove to shape China's telecommunications development in ways that would, in his view, benefit both China and Japan, his efforts were often undercut by the aggressive actions of the Japanese government in China, such as the infamous Twenty-One Demands. Though promising at first, Japan's influence on China's modernization in the early Republican era came to be more limited, especially when compared with the final decade of the Qing Dynasty. Ultimately, what can be seen through this Japanese prism confirms that the development of an information infrastructure in modern China, as elsewhere, was as much shaped by technological and economic forces as it was influenced by political and diplomatic factors.
Embedding the symbolic dynamics of Lorenz maps
Authors: SAMUEL TONY , SNIGIREVA NINA , VINCE ANDREW 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions for the symbolic dynamics of a given Lorenz map to be fully embedded in the symbolic dynamics of a piecewise continuous interval map are given. As an application of this embedding result, we describe a new algorithm for calculating the topological entropy of a Lorenz map.