bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between experimental and simulated strain profiles in Ge channels with embedded source/drain stressors
Authors: Bühler R. , Eneman G. , Favia P. , Bender H. , Vincent B. , Hikavyy A. , Loo R. , Martino J. A. , Claeys C. , Simoen E. , Collaert N. , Thean A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo planar Ge‐based MOSFET structures were analysed for n‐ and p‐type transistors with tensile and compressive strain implemented in the <110> channel direction using source/drain stressors. Strain profiles measured by nano‐beam diffraction (NBD) have been compared with Sentaurus process simulations. The TCAD simulations were tuned with the actual process using NBD measurements, resulting in a more realistic simulation and, therefore, a more reliable interpretation is now possible. dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy images added to the strain profiles returned interesting results about the Ge virtual substrate condition and how it disturbs the NBD readings due to the presence of extended defects in strain relaxed Ge buffer layers. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Viability of the use of an a‐SiC:H multilayer device in a domestic VLC application
Authors: Louro P. , Silva V. , Vieira M. A. , Vieira M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper the viability of an integrated wavelength optical filter and photodetector for visible light communication (VLC) is discussed. The proposed application uses indoor warm light lamps lighting accomplished by ultra‐bright light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed at frequencies higher than the ones perceived by the human eye. The system was analyzed at two different wavelengths in the visible spectrum (430 nm and 626 nm) with variable optical intensities. The signals were transmitted into free space and measured using a multilayered photodetector based on a‐SiC:H/a‐Si:H. The detector works as an optical filter with controlled wavelength sensitivity through the use of optical bias. The output photocurrent was measured for different optical intensities of the transmitted optical signal and the extent of each signal was tested. The influence of environmental fluorescent lighting was also analysed in order to test the strength of the system. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhancement of IR photoluminescence of β‐FeSi2 nanocrystals by Cu‐doping and study of its mechanism
Authors: Maeda Yoshihito , Tatsumi Takahide , Kawakubo Yuki , Noguchi Yuya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Narumi Kazumasa , Sakai Seiji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have investigated the IR photoluminescence (PL) behavior of Cu‐doped β‐FeSi2 nanocrystals (β‐NCs) embedded in Si layers. The diffusion rate of Cu atom was controlled by annealing. The most appropriate condition brought the largest intensities of both the intrinsic A band emission at 0.803 eV by 214% and the acceptor related C band emission at ∼0.75 eV by 582% in comparison with those of non‐doped β‐NCs. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) revealed increase of Cu atoms in the Si layer with β‐NCs with increasing the anneal duration.The C band enhancement surely is originated from increase of a density of state at acceptor levels relating to increase of Cu in β‐lattice. Photocarrier injection PL measurements (PCI‐PL) reveal that the enhancement of the A band emission may be attributed to a controlled migration process of holes with a repeated trap process due to Cu‐doping into the Si phase. This dynamic condition leads to an increase of valence band offset at the β‐NCs/Si heterointerfaces where the migration of holes from the β‐NCs to Si is prevented, so that a radiative recombination rate can be enhanced. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evolution of symposia on the interface of computing and statistics defines data science to be the interface
Authors: Goodman Arnold 
Published: July 2014

Goal of this article is to document evolution of the Interface and its Symposia, from their conception and birth when small data were analyzed with Statistics in the mid 20th Century until Big Data are now analyzed with Data Science in the early 21st Century. Wilfrid Dixon's 1961 BMD Statistical Program Package was a pioneer predictor of Computing in Statistics, and Arthur Samuel's 1965 presentation on using game‐branch probabilities in teaching ILLIAC I to play checkers was a pioneer predictor of Statistics in Computing. Such predictors produced a perception that future interactions of Computing and Statistics might constitute a significant and productive Interface of Computing and Statistics. Another perception included Computing and Statistics with Computing in Statistics and Statistics in Computing. This presented the challenge of organizing an Interface Symposium, to introduce the Interface to a vibrant environment for Computing and Statistics in Southern California. Presentations at the Symposia reveal that small data are in the process of becoming Big Data, while Computing in Statistics and Machine Learning are becoming the Interface, and the Interface is becoming Data Science.Data Science, the first comprehensive Journal onData Science, another 1 of the 15 ASA Journals as well as 3 of 21 ASA Sections constitute a proud heritage for Interface and its Symposia. Perspective of the article is shaped by 60 years of pioneering and continuously contributing to the Interface and its Symposia, which few can match.WIREs Comput Stat2014, 6:367–377. doi: 10.1002/wics.1316This article is categorized under:Applications of Computational Statistics > Organizations and Publications
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of the 3D Lanthanide Organic Frameworks with N‐Heterocyclic Polycarboxylic Acids
Authors: Yang Ai‐Hong , Zhao Li‐Hua , Qi Xue‐Jie , Lu Yi‐Wei 
Published: July 2014

Abstract Four 3D lanthanide organic frameworks from potassium pyrazine‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetracarboxylate (K4pztc) or potassium pyridine‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetracarboxylate (K4pdtc), namely, {[KEu(pztc)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (1), {[KTb(pztc)(H2O)2]·1.25H2O}n (2), {[KLn(pdtc)(H2O)]·H2O}n [Ln = Gd (3), Ho (4)], were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding lanthanide oxides with K4pztc or K4pdtc in presence of HCl under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction. In complexes 1 and 2, the dodecadentate chelator pztc4– links four LnIII ions and four KI ions. The coordination mode of the pztc4– ligand is reported for the first time herein. Complexes 3 and 4 are isostructural with earlier reported Nd, Dy, Er complexes. Moreover, the EuIII and TbIII complexes exhibit the characteristic luminescence.
Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Properties of New Thiocyanato Coordination Polymers with 4‐(3‐Phenylpropyl)pyridine as Ligand
Authors: Werner Julia , Jess Inke , Näther Christian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe reaction of different metal salts with 4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)pyridine (ppp) lead to the formation of compounds of composition M(NCS)2(ppp)4 [M = Mn (Mn‐1); Fe (Fe‐1), Ni (Ni‐1); Cd (Cd‐1)], M(NCS)2(ppp)2(H2O)2 [M = Mn (Mn‐2); Ni (Ni‐2)] and [M(NCS)2(ppp)2]n [M = Mn (Mn‐3); Ni (Ni‐3); Cd (Cd‐3)]. On heating compounds M‐1 decompose without the formation of any ppp deficient intermediate. In contrast, on heating, Ni‐2 transforms into a compound of composition M(NCS)2(ppp)2 that does not correspond to Ni‐3. Unfortunately, this compound is of low crystallinity and therefore, its structure cannot be determined. The crystal structures of compounds M‐1 and M‐2 consist of discrete complexes, in which the metal cations are octahedrally coordinated. In compounds M‐3 the metal cations are linked by pairs of μ‐1,3‐bridging anions into chains. IR spectroscopic investigations show, that the value of the asymmetric CN stretching vibration depend on the coordination mode of the anionic ligand as well as on the nature of the metal cation. Magnetic measurements reveal that Ni‐3 shows only Curie‐Weiss behavior without any magnetic anomaly. A similar behavior is also found for Ni‐3. Comparison of the magnetic properties of Ni‐3 with those of similar compounds indicates that the magnetic properties are only minor influenced by the Co‐ligand.
Hyaluronidase Alters the Lipid Profile of Cumulus Cells as Detected by MALDI‐TOF MS and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Montani Daniela Antunes , Regiani Thaís , Victorino Amanda Begati , Camillo Jacqueline , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Gozzo Fábio Cesar , Zylbersztejn Daniel Suslik , Ferreira Christina Ramires , Lo Turco Edson Guimarães 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis research aimed to study the changes in lipid composition in cumulus cells using hyaluronidase according to the intracytoplasmic sperm injection protocol commonly used in human reproduction clinics. The lipid extraction was performed by the Blight‐Dyer protocol and the lipid profiles were obtained by MALDI‐TOF MS in positive and negative modes. The mass spectra data were processed with MassLynx and the statistical analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 2.0. Fifteen ions were selected for each mode as potential markers for differences between the groups. These ions were identified in the human metabolome database as phosphatidylserine with and without treatment, phosphatidylethanolamine in the after treatment group and phosphatidylinositol in the before treatment group, which are lipids that may be involved in cell apoptosis and signaling. We concluded that MALDI‐TOF MS coupled with multivariate analysis can be utilized as a strategy to obtain and study the lipid profiles of cumulus cells and as a tool to study the metabolic state of cumulus cells.
Gas‐Assisted Oilseed Pressing on an Industrial Scale
Authors: Müller Marcus , Eggers Rudolf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn previous work, gas‐assisted pressing (GAP) was evaluated in linear piston oil presses. These tests were important to determine optimal operating conditions and the effective mechanisms of GAP operations in modified‐cage screw presses. To test whether this technique can be applied on an industrial scale, a GAP screw‐press test run of rapeseed was performed on an industrial scale. Residual oil levels were reduced to 7.7 wt% by gas assistance at an average CO2 pressure of 12.5 MPa compared with 9.9 wt% achieved by conventional pressing with the same process. The high residual values were due to the cold pre‐pressing nature of the experiment. The test run achieved a steady‐state operation. Oil quality was improved, and a payback period of investment under these conditions was conservatively calculated to be approximately 3 years. A predictive model of the increase in oil yield achievable with gas assistance is presented, and the results indicate that a temperature decrease below 361 K results in an even better oil yield. Therefore, gas assistance is a promising technique for the cold pressing of oilseeds.
A New Concept for the On-Line Storage of Sample Plates, Integrated with Plate Preparation for High-Throughput Screening and ‘Cherry-Picking”
Authors: van den Broek Jacques H.M. , Kuijpers Will H.A. , de Boer Thijs , Connick Jonathan H. 
Published: July 2014

Recently Organon installed automated screening and plate preparation systems for its research facilities in Oss (The Netherlands) and Newhouse (UK). These robotic systems have been developed in close collaboration between Organon and Scitec Laboratory Automation (Lausanne, Switzerland), now part of the Zymark corporation. Each of the systems consists of three linear track robots, one of which performs the screening process using standard peripherals. The other two robots take care of the plate preparation and ‘cherry-picking’ procedures. To this end, copies of our total mother plate collection are stored under controlled conditions in Scitec plate stackers (AutoStack) that can be addressed by one of the two robots. The system is designed in such a way that the loading and refreshment of the on-line storage, screening-plate preparation, and ‘cherry-picking’ can be executed automatically in 24 hours operation.
XUNZI'S CRITICISM OF ZISI—NEW PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Huang Kuan-yun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study considers Xunzi's criticism of Zisi, Confucius' grandson, providing a detailed analysis of some of the most famous but also difficult passages in theXunzi. By drawing on the newly excavated text, “Wuxing” (The five conducts), the study shows that not only did Xunzi have an intimate knowledge of Zisi's teachings, but in fact he had available to him a certain version of the “Wuxing.” This understanding makes it possible to evaluate Xunzi's role as a reporter of Zisi's teachings, and to the extent that Xunzi reported these teachings fairly and accurately, the study offers specific suggestions for reimagining a period that has been little understood in Early Chinese intellectual history, or the transition from Confucius to Mencius.
Where now for protected areas? Setting the stage for the 2014 World Parks Congress
Authors: Dudley Nigel , Groves Craig , Redford Kent H. , Stolton Sue 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProtected areas are regarded as the most important tool in the conservation toolbox. They cover > 12% of the Earth's terrestrial area, with over half of this designated since 1970, and are thus a unique example of governments and other stakeholders consciously changing management of land and water at a significant scale. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has a global programme to complete ecologically-representative protected area networks, and this is driving the creation of large numbers of new protected areas. But there is also growing criticism of protected areas because of the social costs of protection and doubts about their effectiveness. We acknowledge this criticism but believe that it is over-stated and applied to a protected area model that has already been replaced by newer thinking. As protected areas are becoming more complex in concept and more complicated in management, we review the six most important changes affecting them over the last 2 decades: (1) a new protected area definition with more emphasis on nature conservation; (2) a plurality of management and governance models; (3) acknowledgement of wider protected area benefits beyond nature conservation; (4) greater social safeguards for protected areas; (5) evidence that protected areas are effective conservation tools; and (6) a new emphasis on larger protected areas, transboundary protected areas, connectivity conservation and landscape approaches. We conclude by considering fresh challenges as a result of policy changes and the global criminal wildlife trade, and consider the potential of the forthcoming 2014 IUCN World Parks Congress.
An Intellectual Entertainment: A Dialogue on Mind and Body
Authors: Hacker P. M. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis dialogue on the mind/body relation is a sequel to my dialogue ‘On the Nature of the Mind’, but can be read independently of it. The five disputants include an imaginary neuroscientist from California, an Oxford don from the 1950s, a lady, Peter Strawson and Alan White. They examine the peculiar idioms of having: having a body, having a mind, having a soul and having a self. To have a mind, it is concluded, is not to own anything, but to be able to do a variety of things: to reason from premises to conclusions; to act, think, and feel things for reasons. To have a body is to possess a variety of somatic characteristics. Hence a distinction is drawn between the body one is, and the body one has. Accordingly, the problem of the relation between my mind and my body simply disintegrates, since there can be no relation between my intellectual abilities and my somatic features.
Accurate calculation of radiation damping parameters in the interaction between very intense laser beams and relativistic electron beams
Authors: Popa Alexandru 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe prove that the radiation damping force and the rate of change of the damping energy, in the Landau-Lifshitz forms, in interactions between very intense laser beams and relativistic electron beams, are periodic functions of only one variable, that is the phase of the electromagnetic field. The property is proved without using any approximation, in the most general case, when the degree of polarization of the electromagnetic field, the initial phase of the incident field and the initial energy of the electron have arbitrary values. This property leads to a strong simplification of the calculation of the radiation reaction parameters and of their dependence on the initial electron energy and angular frequency of the laser beam. Our analysis is performed in the proper inertial system of the electron. The radiation reaction is significant for laser beam intensities of the order 1022 W/cm2, and for electron energy greater than 1 GeV. The calculations reveal limitations of the method of generating hard radiations by interactions between laser beams and relativistic electron beams.
Realization of foot rotation by breaking the kinematic contact constraint
Authors: Chen Xuechao , Huang Qiang , Yu Zhangguo , Li Jing , Ma Gan , Meng Libo , Gao Junyao 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYPrevious research has revealed that foot rotation of the supporting foot in a single support phase could increase walking speed. This paper presents a method for force-controlled bipeds to realize foot rotation by breaking the kinematic contact constraint between the supporting foot and the ground. An inverse dynamics controller is proposed to make the biped model controllable even when the constraint is broken. In addition, a linear inverted pendulum model is extended to make its ZMP adjustable so that the ZMP can be predefined as required. When the planned ZMP is in the toe, the kinematic contact constraint will be broken and foot rotation can be achieved. A walking simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A large community outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with consumption of drinking water contaminated by river water, Belgium, 2010
Authors: BRAEYE T. , DE SCHRIJVER K. , WOLLANTS E. , van RANST M. , VERHAEGEN J. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYOn 6 December 2010 a fire in Hemiksem, Belgium, was extinguished by the fire brigade with both river water and tap water. Local physicians were asked to report all cases of gastroenteritis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 1000 randomly selected households. We performed a statistical and geospatial analysis. Human stool samples, tap water and river water were tested for pathogens. Of the 1185 persons living in the 528 responding households, 222 (18·7%) reported symptoms of gastroenteritis during the time period 6–13 December. Drinking tap water was significantly associated with an increased risk for gastroenteritis (relative risk 3·67, 95% confidence interval 2·86–4·70) as was place of residence.Campylobactersp. (2/56), norovirus GI and GII (11/56), rotavirus (1/56) andGiardia lamblia(3/56) were detected in stool samples. Tap water samples tested positive for faecal indicator bacteria and protozoa. The results support the hypothesis that a point-source contamination of the tap water with river water was the cause of the multi-pathogen waterborne outbreak.
LIMIT THEOREMS FOR RADIAL RANDOM WALKS ON EUCLIDEAN SPACES OF HIGH DIMENSIONS
Authors: GRUNDMANN WALDEMAR 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLet$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\nu \in M^1([0,\infty [)$be a fixed probability measure. For each dimension$p\in \mathbb{N}$, let$(X_n^{p})_{n\geq 1}$be independent and identically distributed$\mathbb{R}^p$-valued random variables with radially symmetric distributions and radial distribution$\nu $. We investigate the distribution of the Euclidean length of$S_n^{p}:=X_1^{p}+\cdots + X_n^{p}$for large parameters$n$and$p$. Depending on the growth of the dimension$p=p_n$we derive by the method of moments two complementary central limit theorems (CLTs) for the functional$\| S_n^{p}\| _2$with normal limits, namely for$n/p_n \to \infty $and$n/p_n \to 0$. Moreover, we present a CLT for the case$n/p_n \to c\in \, (0,\infty )$. Thereby we derive explicit formulas and asymptotic results for moments of radial distributed random variables on$\mathbb{R}^p$. All limit theorems are also considered for orthogonal invariant random walks on the space$\mathbb{M}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R})$of$p\times q$matrices instead of$\mathbb{R}^p$for$p\to \infty $and some fixed dimension$q$.
A VARIATIONAL APPROACH FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL PRESCRIBED MEAN CURVATURE PROBLEMS
Authors: AFROUZI GHASEM A. , HADJIAN ARMIN , BISCI GIOVANNI MOLICA 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe discuss the multiplicity of nonnegative solutions of a parametric one-dimensional mean curvature problem. Our main effort here is to describe the configuration of the limits of a certain function, depending on the potential at zero, that yield, for certain values of the parameter, the existence of infinitely many weak nonnegative and nontrivial solutions. Moreover, thanks to a classical regularity result due to Lieberman, this sequence of solutions strongly converges to zero in$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}C^1([0,1])$. Our approach is based on recent variational methods.
RACIAL PRESENCE VERSUS RACIAL JUSTICE
Authors: Beltrán Cristina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the realm of electoral politics, a growing number of women, African Americans, and Latinos now serve at the highest levels of government. For many Americans, the bipartisan presence of representatives who are people of color and/or women is proof that we live in a “post-feminist” and “postracial” era in which institutions are now fundamentally fair and accessible. Rather than assuming that racial presence is synonymous with racial justice, this essay turns to aesthetic theory to advocate for a new understanding of presence—not as proof that racial or gender justice has been achieved but as a kind of beauty that is experienced as a form of visible certitude. Drawing on the work of Hannah Pitkin, alongside writings on descriptive representation for Latinos and African Americans, this essay stresses the importance of judgment, arguing that on questions of social justice, a racially diverse elite is simultaneously ethically valuableandpolitically indeterminate.