bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Formation Mechanism, and Photoresponse Properties of GeSe Microtubes with a Rectangular Cross Section
Authors: Shi Liang , Li Yanan , Dai Yumei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGeSe single‐crystalline microtubes with a rectangular cross section have been fabricated through a facile solution approach. The as‐prepared GeSe microtubes have diameters in the range of 1–2 μm and wall thicknesses of approximately 100–200 nm. Crystal growth along the [010] direction is preferable for the GeSe microtubes. The formation of GeSe microtubes is proposed to originate from an etching effect of the solvent oleylamine. A clear photoresponsive behavior has been found for the as‐synthesized GeSe microtubes. The products were characterized by using powder XRD, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry.
Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Toward the Power Densities of Hydrogen‐Fed Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Chen Yanxin , Bellini Marco , Bevilacqua Manuela , Fornasiero Paolo , Lavacchi Alessandro , Miller Hamish A. , Wang Lianqin , Vizza Francesco 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA 2 μm thick layer of TiO2 nanotube arrays was prepared on the surface of the Ti fibers of a nonwoven web electrode. After it was doped with Pd nanoparticles (1.5 mgPd cm−2), this anode was employed in a direct alcohol fuel cell. Peak power densities of 210, 170, and 160 mW cm−2 at 80 °C were produced if the cell was fed with 10 wt % aqueous solutions of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol, respectively, in 2 M aqueous KOH. The Pd loading of the anode was increased to 6 mg cm−2 by combining four single electrodes to produce a maximum peak power density with ethanol at 80 °C of 335 mW cm−2. Such high power densities result from a combination of the open 3 D structure of the anode electrode and the high electrochemically active surface area of the Pd catalyst, which promote very fast kinetics for alcohol electro‐oxidation. The peak power and current densities obtained with ethanol at 80 °C approach the output of H2‐fed proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Effects of neonatal fluoxetine exposure on behavior across development in rats selectively bred for an infantile affective trait
Authors: Zimmerberg Betty , Germeyan Sierra C. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTInfants born to women with depressive symptoms are at higher risk for insecure attachment and behavioral problems. Thus current medical practice is to continue psychotropic medication of pregnant women with depression despite concerns about its behavioral teratology. There are few animal studies focused on long‐term behavioral effects of prenatal antidepressant exposure; in addition, studies have not looked at individual differences in baseline affective state as a source of response variability. In this study, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was administered to male and female rat pups from postnatal days 2–7 to model exposure to antidepressants in the human third trimester. Four behavioral measures were conducted from the neonatal to adult age periods in Low and High lines selectively bred for their rate of ultrasonic vocalizations after brief maternal separation. Neonatal fluoxetine administration decreased distress calls in both lines, but to a greater extent in High line rats than Low line. Neonatal fluoxetine also impaired motor coordination in neonates. Neonatal fluoxetine administration decreased social behavior in both juvenile and adult subjects. Fluoxetine‐related reductions in anxiety behavior were not observed at the two older ages. As expected, High line subjects displayed more anxiety behavior than Low line subjects at all three test ages. These results suggest that there are may be significant behavioral consequences of antidepressant use during late pregnancy on offspring maternal attachment and social behavior, with implications for increased risk of autism spectrum disorders. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 141–152, 2015.
Developmental insights into the pathology of and therapeutic strategies for DM1: Back to the basics
Authors: Chau Anthony , Kalsotra Auinash 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTMyotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most prevalent adult onset muscular dystrophy, is a trinucleotide repeat expansion disease caused by CTG expansion in the 3′‐UTR of DMPK gene. This expansion results in the expression of toxic gain‐of‐function RNA that forms ribonuclear foci and disrupts normal activities of RNA‐binding proteins belonging to the MBNL and CELF families. Changes in alternative splicing, translation, localization, and mRNA stability due to sequestration of MBNL proteins and up‐regulation of CELF1 are key to DM1 pathology. However, recent discoveries indicate that pathogenic mechanisms of DM1 involves many other factors as well, including repeat associated translation, activation of PKC‐dependent signaling pathway, aberrant polyadenylation, and microRNA deregulation. Expression of the toxic repeat RNA culminates in the developmental remodeling of the transcriptome, which produces fetal isoforms of proteins that are unable to fulfill the physiological requirements of adult tissues. This review will describe advances in the understanding of DM1 pathogenesis as well as current therapeutic developments for DM1. Developmental Dynamics 244:377–390, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IL‐33 activates eosinophils of visceral adipose tissue both directly and via innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Hashiguchi Masaaki , Kashiwakura Yuji , Kojima Hidefumi , Kobayashi Ayano , Kanno Yumiko , Kobata Tetsuji 
Published: December 2014

Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes involved in allergic reactions as well as adipose tissue regulation. IL‐5 is required for eosinophil survival; however, the in vivo mechanisms of eosinophil regulation are not fully understood. A tg mouse model with il5 promoter‐driven EGFP expression was established for detecting the IL‐5‐producing cells in vivo. Il5‐egfp tg mice expressed high levels of EGFP in gonadal adipose tissue (GAT) cells. EGFP+ cells in GAT were mainly group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). IL‐33 preferentially expanded EGFP+ cells and eosinophils in GAT in vivo. EGFP+ ILCs were found to upregulate prg2 mRNA expression in GAT eosinophils. These results demonstrate that ILCs activate eosinophils in GAT. The blockage of IL‐33Rα, on the other hand, did not impair EGFP+ ILC numbers but did impair eosinophil numbers in vivo. GAT eosinophils expressed IL‐33Rα and IL‐33 expanded eosinophil numbers in CD90+ cell‐depleted mice. IL‐33 was further observed to induce the expression of retnla and epx mRNA in eosinophils. These findings demonstrate that IL‐33 directly activates eosinophils in GAT, and together with our other findings described above, our findings show that IL‐33 has dual pathways via which it activates eosinophils in vivo: a direct activation pathway and a group 2 ILC‐mediated pathway.
Designing Stable Radicals with Highly Electrophilic or Nucleophilic Character: Thiadiazinyl as a Case Study
Authors: De Vleeschouwer Freija , Chankisjijev Artiom , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTheoretical design can be an important aid in the discovery of valuable stable radical systems. In this study, inverse molecular design was applied to thiadiazinyl radicals to maximize two fundamental electronic properties in chemistry, namely electrophilicity and nucleophilicity. We discovered that the thiadiazinyl structure can be made moderately nucleophilic or highly electrophilic, depending on the electronic character of its substituents. The most electrophilic thiadiazinyl radical displays the highest electrophilic character encountered so far for uncharged radical systems. The accumulated data relating to the influence of different substituents at the various sites has allowed us to propose thiadiazinyl radicals that are intrinsically stable and as electrophilic or nucleophilic as possible. Although the nucleophilicity optimum fulfills the additional requirement of being stable, a significant drop from highly to merely moderately electrophilic is observed for the new electrophilicity optimum.
Applied Enantioselective Aminocatalysis: α‐Heteroatom Functionalization Reactions on the Carbapenem (β‐Lactam Antibiotic) Core
Authors: Cele Zamani E. D. , Arvidsson Per I. , Kruger Hendrik G. , Govender Thavendran , Naicker Tricia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe carbapenem (β‐lactam antibiotic) scaffold serves as a useful nucleophile in organocatalytic diarylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether mediated α‐heterofunctionalization reactions leading to the formation of diverse products that bear multiple stereocenters in high diastereoselectivity and moderate to good yields.
Voltammetric Determination of 8‐Nitroquinoline Using a Silver Solid Electrode and Its Application to Model Samples of Drinking and River Water
Authors: Rumlova Tereza , Barek Jiri , Matysik Frank‐Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis work is focused on the application of a silver solid electrode (AgE) for the development of modern voltammetric methods for the determination of submicromolar concentrations of biologically active compounds present in the environment. 8‐Nitroquinoline (8‐NQ), a well‐known chemical carcinogen, was chosen as a model substance. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to study electrochemical behavior of 8‐NQ in different aqueous matrices. The following optimal conditions for determination of 8‐NQ in the concentration ranges from 2 to 100 µmol L−1 were used: BrittonRobinson (BR) buffer of pH 3.0, the regeneration potentials cycles (Ein=−1000 mV, Efin=−100 mV) and constant cleaning potential −2000 mV. Practical applicability of AgE for the determination of micromolar concentrations of 8‐NQ was verified on model samples of drinking and river water.
The relation between social network site usage and loneliness and mental health in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Aarts S. , Peek S. T. M. , Wouters E. J. M. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundLoneliness is expected to become an even bigger social problem in the upcoming decades, because of the growing number of older adults. It has been argued that the use of social network sites can aid in decreasing loneliness and improving mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how social network sites usage is related to loneliness and mental health in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodThe study population included community‐dwelling older adults aged 60 and over residing in the Netherlands (n = 626) collected through the LISS panel (www.lissdata.nl). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, adjusted for potentially important confounders, were conducted in order to investigate the relation between social network sites usage and (emotional and social) loneliness and mental health.ResultsMore than half of the individuals (56.2%) reported to use social network sites at least several times per week. Social network sites usage appeared unrelated to loneliness in general, and to emotional and social loneliness in particular. Social network sites usage also appeared unrelated to mental health. Several significant associations between related factors and the outcomes at hand were detected.ConclusionIn this sample, which was representative for the Dutch population, social network sites usage was unrelated to loneliness and/or mental health. The results indicate that a simple association between social network site usage and loneliness and mental health as such, cannot automatically be assumed in community‐dwelling older adults. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Above‐moderate physical activity reduces both incident and persistent late‐life depression in rural Koreans
Authors: Park Jee Eun , Lee Jun‐Young , Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Ki Woong , Chae Song Hwa , Cho Maeng Je 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the natural course of depressive symptoms among community‐dwelling elderly over 5 years. Rates and correlates of the incidence and the persistence of late‐life depression were examined.MethodsA total of 701 elderly people 65 years of age or older without dementia at baseline were included in this study. The association between categorically defined late‐life depression (score of ≥8 on the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form) and possible lifestyle and clinical risk factors, including physical activity assessed with a modified Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and transformed into weekly Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) values, was longitudinally investigated using multiple logistic regression analyses. Adjustment was done with sociodemographic variables, chronic medical illnesses, and cognitive dysfunction.ResultsDuring the 5‐year follow‐up, 74 (26.5%) of the non‐depressed elderly developed depression, whereas 30 (49.2%) of the depressed elderly experienced persistent depression. Above‐moderate baseline physical activity was independently associated with decreased incidence and persistence rates of late‐life depression (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22–0.85; AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.03–0.92, respectively), whereas mild physical activity was not. Conversely, poorer executive function also predicted 5‐year incident depression (AOR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.89–0.98) but not persistent depression.ConclusionThis study suggests that a minimum of moderate physical activity is related to both emergent and persistent depression in elderly individuals. Research with an extended follow‐up period and a shorter inter‐assessment interval is needed to confirm this result. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring spatiotemporal network transitions in task functional MRI
Authors: Scott Gregory , Hellyer Peter J. , Hampshire Adam , Leech Robert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA critical question for cognitive neuroscience regards how transitions between cognitive states emerge from the dynamic activity of functional brain networks. Here we combine a simple data reorganization with spatial independent component analysis (ICA), enabling a spatiotemporal ICA (stICA) which captures the consistent evolution of networks during the onset and offset of a task. The technique was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (FMRI) datasets involving alternating between rest and task, and to simple synthetic data. Starting and finishing time‐points of periods of interest (anchors) were defined at task block onsets and offsets. For each subject, the 10 volumes following each anchor were extracted and concatenated spatially, producing a single 3D sample. Samples for all anchors and subjects were concatenated along the fourth dimension. This 4D dataset was decomposed using ICA into spatiotemporal components. One component exhibited the transition with task onset from a default mode network (DMN) becoming less active to a frontoparietal control network becoming more active. We observed other changes with relevance to understanding network dynamics, for example, the DMN showed a changing spatial distribution, shifting to an anterior/superior pattern of deactivation during task from a posterior/inferior pattern during rest. By anchoring analyses to periods associated with the onsets and offsets of task, our approach reveals novel aspects of the dynamics of network activity accompanying these transitions. Importantly, these findings were observed without specifying a priori either the spatial networks or the task time courses. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1348–1364, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thalamic involvement in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: A combined structural and diffusion tensor MRI analysis
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Dong‐Wook , Kim Jung Bin , Suh Sang‐il , Koh Seong‐Beom 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlteration of basal ganglia‐thalamocortical circuit has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology underlying paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). We investigated macrostructural and microstructural changes in PKD patients using structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses. Twenty‐five patients with idiopathic PKD and 25 control subjects were prospectively studied on a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. Cortical thickness analysis was used to evaluate cortical gray matter (GM) changes, and automated volumetry and shape analysis were used to assess volume changes and shape deformation of the subcortical GM structures, respectively. Tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to evaluate white matter integrity changes in a whole‐brain manner, and region‐of‐interest (ROI) analysis of diffusion tensor metrics was performed in subcortical GM structures. Compared to controls, PKD patients exhibited a reduction in volume of bilateral thalami and regional shape deformation mainly localized to the anterior and medial aspects of bilateral thalami. TBSS revealed an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) of bilateral thalami and right anterior thalamic radiation in patients relative to controls. ROI analysis also showed an increase in FA of bilateral thalami in patients compared to controls. We have shown evidence for thalamic abnormalities of volume reduction, regional shape deformation, and increased FA in patients with PKD. Our novel findings of concomitant macrostructural and microstructural abnormalities in the thalamus lend further support to previous observations indicating causal relationship between a preferential lesion in the thalamus and development of PKD, thus providing neuroanatomical basis for the involvement of thalamus within the basal ganglia‐thalamocortical pathway in PKD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1429–1441, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adverse and Advantageous Selection in the Medicare Supplemental Market: A Bayesian Analysis of Prescription drug Expenditure
Authors: Li Qian , Trivedi Pravin K. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis paper develops an extended specification of the two‐part model, which controls for unobservable self‐selection and heterogeneity of health insurance, and analyzes the impact of Medicare supplemental plans on the prescription drug expenditure of the elderly, using a linked data set based on the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data for 2003–2004. The econometric analysis is conducted using a Bayesian econometric framework. We estimate the treatment effects for different counterfactuals and find significant evidence of endogeneity in plan choice and the presence of both adverse and advantageous selections in the supplemental insurance market. The average incentive effect is estimated to be $757 (2004 value) or 41% increase per person per year for the elderly enrolled in supplemental plans with drug coverage against the Medicare fee‐for‐service counterfactual and is $350 or 21% against the supplemental plans without drug coverage counterfactual. The incentive effect varies by different sources of drug coverage: highest for employer‐sponsored insurance plans, followed by Medigap and managed medicare plans. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous multilayered composite hydrogel as osteochondral substitute
Authors: Leone G. , Volpato M. D. , Nelli N. , Lamponi S. , Boanini E. , Bigi A. , Magnani A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCartilage is a highly organized avascular soft tissue that assembles from nano‐to macro‐scale to produce a complex structural network. To mimic cartilage tissue, we developed a stable multilayered composite material, characterized by a tailored gradient of mechanical properties. The optimized procedure implies chemical crosslinking of each layer directly onto the previous one and ensures a drastic reduction of the material discontinuities and brittleness. The multilayered composite was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy in order to compare its physico‐chemical characteristics with those of cartilage tissue. The rheological behavior of the multilayered composite was similar to that of human cartilage. Finally its cytocompatibility toward chondrocytes and osteoblasts was evaluated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2521–2530, 2015.
Emerging areas of research in the assessment of pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tortorici Michael A. , Cutler David L. , Hazra Anasuya , Nolin Thomas D. , Rowland‐Yeo Karen , Venkatakrishnan Karthik 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are eliminated not only via the renal pathway but also by nonrenal clearance and transport. Dosing recommendations in subjects with CKD have historically come from small pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, which have been insulated from the broader clinical development strategy. Opportunities for prospective strategic integration of both preclinical and clinical data on drug clearance mechanisms, model‐based approaches, and clinical knowledge of therapeutic index are therefore often missed in designing and analyzing the results of PK studies in subjects with CKD, and eventually providing dosing recommendations. These considerations are valuable in designing informative PK studies in subjects with CKD, as well as for guiding kidney function‐related inclusion/exclusion criteria in the broader clinical program and ultimately defining dosing guidelines that optimize benefit‐risk balance for these special patient populations based on all available data. This paper offers points to consider for drug developers to increase adoption of a contemporary multidisciplinary approach, which includes key considerations on study design and conduct, methodologies for analysis (population PK and physiologically based PK modeling), and a roadmap to interpret the effect of kidney function on the overall benefit‐risk profile of drugs in development.
Spring migration of red knots along the Virginia barrier islands
Authors: Watts Bryan D. , Truitt Barry R. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTWe conducted low‐altitude, aerial surveys from the last week of April through the first week of June (1995, 1996, 2005–2013) to assess patterns in bird abundance, migration phenology, and habitat use of red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) staging along the Virginia barrier islands. During most years, knots arrived in early May, reached peak abundance during the third week of May, and were gone by mid‐June. The peak period (10 May–3 June) accounted for >90% of detections for all years. The mean high count during the study was 7,373 ± 407 (SE). Decadal comparisons of high counts, accumulated numbers for the period of peak abundance and the season totals provided mixed results. Knots within the study area used peat banks and sandy beaches for foraging. Intertidal peat banks were patchily distributed and represented only 6% of the shoreline. Mean knot densities were comparable between the 2 habitats in the early period of migration but diverged rapidly such that by the third week of May, knot densities were 10‐fold higher on peat compared to sand. Knots exhibited wide annual variation in habitat use; the number of knots observed on peat varied from 13% to 91% of the total birds for a given year, presumably reflecting the underlying population dynamics of respective bivalve populations. Potential prey dynamics coupled with the patchy distribution of peat appear to cause year‐to‐year variation in space use along the island chain. The Virginia barrier islands appear to be part of a terminal staging area for red knots that stretches from New Jersey south through the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Documenting red knot use within portions of this region beyond the well‐studied Delaware Bay may lead to a more complete understanding of the sampling process used by red knots to make staging decisions. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.