bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent associations of childhood and current socioeconomic status with risk of self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis in a family-medicine cohort of North-Carolinians
Authors: Baldassari Antoine R , Cleveland Rebecca J , Callahan Leigh F 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with the prevalence of various forms of arthritis are well documented. Increasing evidence suggests that SES during childhood is a lasting determinant of health, but its association with the onset of arthritis remains unclear.

Methods
Cross-sectional data on 1276 participants originated from 22 family practices in North-Carolina, USA. We created 4-level (high, medium, low, lowest) current SES and childhood SES summary scores based on parental and participant education, occupation and homeownership. We investigated associations of individual SES characteristics, summary scores and SES trajectories (e.g. high/low) with self-reported arthritis in logistic regression models progressively adjusted for race and gender, age, then BMI, and clustered by family practice.

Results
We found evidence for independent associations of both childhood and current SES with the reporting of arthritis across our models. In covariate-adjusted models simultaneously including current and childhood SES, compared with high SES participants in the lowest childhood SES category (OR = 1.39 [95% CI = 1.04, 1.85]) and those in the low (OR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.14, 2.42]) and lowest (OR = 2.08 [95% CI = 1.16, 3.74]) categories of current SES had significantly greater odds of having self-reported arthritis.

Conclusions
Current SES and childhood SES are both associated with the odds of reporting arthritis within this primary-care population, although the possibly superseding influence of existing circumstances must be noted. BMI was a likely mechanism in the association of childhood SES with arthritis onset, and research is needed to elucidate further pathways linking the socioeconomic environment across life-stages and the development of rheumatic diseases.
Potential therapeutic role of Tridham in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line through induction of p53 independent apoptosis
Authors: Jaganathan Ravindran , Ravinayagam Vijaya , Panchanadham Sachdanandam , Palanivelu Shanthi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths reported worldwide. The incidence is higher in Asia and Africa, where there is greater endemic prevalence of hepatitis B and C. The devastating outcome of cancer can be minimized only by the use of potent therapeutic agents. Tridham (TD) has been acknowledged since olden days for its wide spectrum of biological properties and was used by traditional practitioners of Siddha and other indigenous systems of medicine. The present study aims at investigating the mechanistic action of TD by assessing the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7).

Methods
Cell viability and apoptosis assay using MTT analysis and trypan blue staining, DAPI staining, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were determined in Huh7 cells.

Results
Viability studies of TD treated Huh7 cells showed an inhibition in cell growth in time and dose dependent manner. Chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies, which are structural changes characteristic of apoptosis, were found following TD treatment of Huh7 cells. DAPI staining and agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the induction of apoptosis by TD. Cell cycle analysis of Huh7 cells treated with TD exhibited a marked accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle in a dose dependent manner. Immunofluorescent staining for Ki-67 showed a higher level of expression in untreated cells as compared to TD treated cells. We observed a significant loss in the mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol in TD treated cells. Down regulation of Bcl-2, up regulation of Bax and Bad as well as activation of caspases-3 and 9 were also observed. The p53 gene expression was found to be unaltered in TD treated cells.

Conclusion
These results suggest that TD induces apoptosis of Huh7 cells through activation of Bax and triggered caspase cascade, independent of p53 function. This study throws light on the mechanistic action of TD in triggering apoptosis in Huh 7 cells.
Eplerenone attenuated cardiac steatosis, apoptosis and diastolic dysfunction in experimental type-II diabetes
Authors: Ramírez Elisa , Klett-Mingo Mercedes , Ares-Carrasco Sara , Picatoste Belén , Ferrarini Alessia , Rupérez Francisco J , Caro-Vadillo Alicia , Barbas Coral , Egido Jesús , Tuñón José , Lorenzo Óscar 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Cardiac steatosis and apoptosis are key processes in diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated, leading to a lack of effective therapy. The mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, eplerenone, has demonstrated anti-fibrotic actions in the diabetic heart. However, its effects on the fatty-acid accumulation and apoptotic responses have not been revealed.

Methods
Non-hypertensive Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats received eplerenone (25 mg/kg) or vehicle. Zucker Lean (ZL) rats were used as control (n = 10, each group). After 16 weeks, cardiac structure and function was examined, and plasma and hearts were isolated for biochemical and histological approaches. Cultured cardiomyocytes were used for in vitro assays to determine the direct effects of eplerenone on high fatty acid and high glucose exposed cells.

Results
In contrast to ZL, ZDF rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance, cardiac steatosis and diastolic dysfunction. The ZDF myocardium also showed increased mitochondrial oxidation and apoptosis. Importantly, eplerenone mitigated these events without altering hyperglycemia. In cultured cardiomyocytes, high-concentrations of palmitate stimulated the fatty-acid uptake (in detriment of glucose assimilation), accumulation of lipid metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Interestingly, fatty-acid uptake, ceramides formation and apoptosis were also significantly ameliorated by eplerenone.

Conclusions
By blocking mineralocorticoid receptors, eplerenone may attenuate cardiac steatosis and apoptosis, and subsequent remodelling and diastolic dysfunction in obese/type-II diabetic rats.
Data harmonization and federated analysis of population-based studies: the BioSHaRE project
Authors: Doiron Dany , Burton Paul , Marcon Yannick , Gaye Amadou , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R , Perola Markus , Stolk Ronald P , Foco Luisa , Minelli Cosetta , Waldenberger Melanie , Holle Rolf , Kvaløy Kirsti , Hillege Hans L , Tassé Anne-Marie , Ferretti Vincent , Fortier Isabel 
Published: November 2013

Abstracts
Background
Individual-level data pooling of large population-based studies across research centres in international research projects faces many hurdles. The BioSHaRE (Biobank Standardisation and Harmonisation for Research Excellence in the European Union) project aims to address these issues by building a collaborative group of investigators and developing tools for data harmonization, database integration and federated data analyses.

Methods
Eight population-based studies in six European countries were recruited to participate in the BioSHaRE project. Through workshops, teleconferences and electronic communications, participating investigators identified a set of 96 variables targeted for harmonization to answer research questions of interest. Using each study’s questionnaires, standard operating procedures, and data dictionaries, harmonization potential was assessed. Whenever harmonization was deemed possible, processing algorithms were developed and implemented in an open-source software infrastructure to transform study-specific data into the target (i.e. harmonized) format. Harmonized datasets located on server in each research centres across Europe were interconnected through a federated database system to perform statistical analysis.

Results
Retrospective harmonization led to the generation of common format variables for 73% of matches considered (96 targeted variables across 8 studies). Authenticated investigators can now perform complex statistical analyses of harmonized datasets stored on distributed servers without actually sharing individual-level data using the DataSHIELD method.

Conclusion
New Internet-based networking technologies and database management systems are providing the means to support collaborative, multi-center research in an efficient and secure manner. The results from this pilot project show that, given a strong collaborative relationship between participating studies, it is possible to seamlessly co-analyse internationally harmonized research databases while allowing each study to retain full control over individual-level data. We encourage additional collaborative research networks in epidemiology, public health, and the social sciences to make use of the open source tools presented herein.
Elicitors and co‐factors in food‐induced anaphylaxis in adults
Authors: Hompes Stephanie , Dölle Sabine , Grünhagen Josefine , Grabenhenrich Linus , Worm Margitta 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFood‐induced anaphylaxis (FIA) in adults is often insufficiently diagnosed. One reason is related to the presence of co‐factors like exercise, alcohol, additives and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The objective of this analysis was to retrospectively investigate the role of co‐factors in patients with FIA. 93 adult patients with suspected FIA underwent double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges with suspected allergens and co‐factors.The elicitors of anaphylaxis were identified in 44/93 patients. 27 patients reacted to food allergens upon challenge, 15 patients reacted only when a co‐factor was co‐exposed with the allergen. The most common identified allergens were celery (n = 7), soy, wheat (n = 4 each) and lupine (n = 3). Among the co‐factors food additives (n = 8) and physical exercise (n = 6) were most frequent. In 10 patients more than one co‐factor and/or more than one food allergen was necessary to elicit a positive reaction.The implementation of co‐factors into the challenge protocol increases the identification rate of elicitors in adult food anaphylactic patients.
Vacancy and Substitution Defects of β-Li2TiO3 Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Yu Cheng-Long , Gao Dan-Peng , Yanagisawa Kazumichi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Fine β-Li2TiO3 particles were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. Lithium vacancies and titanium substitution existed in the (002) lattice plane (pure lithium layer) via hydrothermal reaction, while after calcination, the titanium ions diffuse away from the (002) lattice plane into the LiTi2 layer, confirmed by two-dimensional fast Fourier transformation spectrum of the high-resolution transmission images and the Raman spectra.
Imiesłowy przysłówkowe we współczesnym polskim stylu biblijnym
Authors: Bojałkowska Krystyna 
Published: November 2013

Adverbial participles in modern Polish Biblical style
Adverbial participles are often mentioned as one of the defining features of the Polish Biblical style. This is certainly an accurate view with regard to the older translations of the Bible, but it requires to be verified with regard to modern attempts. The paper analyses the frequency and the typical use of adverbial participles in seven modern Polish translations of the Bible, and tests whether they differ from the use in texts that were originally written in Polish. It is not possible to give a clear answer to the question whether adverbial participles are or are not one of the indicators of the modern Polish Biblical style. On one hand, adverbial constructions occur with higher frequency in most of the analysed translations than they do in the originally Polish texts, but on the other hand, in some of the translations, their use is being purposefully limited. This prompts the conclusion that the occurrence of adverbial participles, in the synchronic aspect, is a feature of individual translations rather than a prototypical indicator of the modern Polish Biblical style, understood as a model.
Po raz piąty wychodząc od Słów prawnych w rzeczy sobie podobnych Bartłomieja Groickiego (1567)
Authors: Zajda Aleksander 
Published: November 2013

Starting for the fifth time with Bartłomiej Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne
Starting with B. Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne (1567), the paper presents the history of legal terms relating to the court procedure: apelacyja ‘appeal’, mocyja ‘judge reprimand’, odesłanie ‘referral’, dawność ‘non-claim’, zasiedzenie ‘usucaption’. Appeal was first practiced in Poland under the Magdeburg Rights, and only since the first quarter of the 16th century also in the land law. On the other hand, the so-called mocyja, i.e. reprimanding of the judge, had been employed for much longer. Difficult cases were sent to a higher court already in the Middle Ages, if the lower court was deemed incompetent, hence odesłanie, remisyja, remisa ‘remittal’. The 1346–1347 statutes of king Casimir III the Great recognize the institution of prescription, hence dawność, preskrypcja ‘non-claim’. Finally, zasiedzenie is ‘the acquisition of ownership by a long, undisputed use’. The use of the word fields method has made it possible to reveal many, often rare, terms that function in various groups, the mutual competition between the components of fields, the victory of some, and the disappearance of others. The evolution of the fields has limited the number of synonyms in simultaneous use.
O definiowaniu języków ojczystego i obcego oraz o „terminologicznym chaosie” w glottodydaktyce – polemicznie
Authors: Miodunka Władysław T. 
Published: November 2013

Polemically on defining native and foreign language, and on the “terminological chaos” in language pedagogy
The paper argues with W. Cockiewicz’s article Jak uporządkować terminologiczny chaos w glottodydaktyce i po co? (2013; ‘How to put order into the terminological chaos in language pedagogy and what should one want to do this for?’). The author begins with a critical overview of Cockiewicz’s treatment of the terms język rodzimy and język ojczysty (‘native’ and ‘foreign language’), and then appeals to French dictionaries of linguistic terminology and French language pedagogy (DdL, LDdL, DdD) to show how they define the terms langue maternelle, langue étrangère, and bilinguisme. The paper argues that what Cockiewicz considers to be “terminological chaos” in language pedagogy should be rather viewed as a quest, connected with the evolution of this branch of science, for terms that would be univocal and could replace the ambiguous and laden with connotations term język ojczysty ‘native language’.
Przygotowanie do wykonywania zawodu weryfikatora tłumaczeń jako wyzwanie współczesnej dydaktyki przekładu pisemnego
Authors: Piecychna Beata 
Published: November 2013

Preparing students for the job of the translation reviser as the challenge of current translation teaching
The aim of the article is an attempt to answer the questions concerning the character of the process of translation revision, the competence and the range of duties of the reviser in the light of the norm EN 15038, and the undergraduate and postgraduate courses on the faculties of philology and linguistics of Polish universities in the light of requirements set for the people applying for the job of the translation reviser. The considerations presented herein refer also to such suggestions of studies programs modifications in the courses offered by Polish universities on the faculties of philology and linguistics as to enable graduates to find themselves on the current translation job market.
Citizens in ‘an ever-closer union’? The long path to a public sphere in the EU
Authors: Lodge Juliet , Sarikakis Katharine 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
As Europe is facing a continuous financial and, for many, political and social crisis, long-standing issues of European identity, solidarity and democracy reappear more pronounced than before. In these times, often, the historical developments that have given rise to questioning the European project, its legitimacy and potential future, as well as the treatment of these questions by its political and executive helm are not adequately understood. The role of a European ‘common space’ in terms of debate but also in political action and direction is inextricably connected to the question of legitimacy of the EU and, often, conflicting visions about its raison d’ etre. Historically, the creation of an EU public sphere has been confused with distinct goals of political mobilization for electoral purposes. The strategies developed to advance a broader – and ultimately deeper – sense of belonging have been idealistic, insufficient and muddled owing to lack of political vision and resources. Contextualizing this historical ‘baggage’ with reference to the legacy of invisibility and transparency, the article reviews the politics behind strategic communication of the EU towards its citizens in the shape of Plan D, the Lisbon Treaty’s citizen initiative and the development of EU media policy constrained by ambiguous and volatile relations between the EU and the media.
Synthesis of 2-[(quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives
Authors: Li Yang , Gao Wentao 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A simple and concise one-pot protocol for the synthesis of carboxyl-substituted bisquinoline systems 3a–i is described. The approach involves the Williamson reaction of ethyl 2-(halomethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylates 4a–c with 8-hydroxyquinolines 5a–c followed by hydrolysis.
Pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles – part III: synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 6-(2-substituted propyl)-2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles
Authors: Al-Deeb Omar A. , Al-Turkistani Abdulghafoor A. , Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S. , El-Brollosy Nasser R. , Habib Elsayed E. , El-Emam Ali A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The reaction of 6-(2-methylpropyl or 2-phenylpropyl)-2-thiouracil-5-carbonitriles (4a,b) with various arylmethyl halides, 2-bromoethyl methyl ether, benzyl chloromethyl ether, and 2-bromomethyl-5-nitrofuran in N,N-dimethylformamide or acetone yielded the corresponding substituted thio-3,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile analogues 5a–h, 6a,b, 7, and 8a,b, respectively. Treatment of 5c with phosphorus oxychloride and N,N-dimethylaniline yielded the 4-chloropyrimidine derivative 9, which was allowed to react with various arylthiols, arylamines, and 1-substituted piperazines to yield the respective 4-arylthio 10a–d, 4-arylamino 11a–d, and 4-piperazino 12a,b derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activities against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Compounds 5e, 5f, 5g,h, 7, 8a,b, and 12a display marked antibacterial activity, particularly against the Gram-positive bacteria. None of these compounds are active against C. albicans.
Polyoxin and nikkomycin analogs: recent design and synthesis of novel peptidyl nucleosides
Authors: Jackson Kristal E. , Pogula Praveen K. , Patterson Steven E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Polyoxins and nikkomycins are a class of naturally occurring peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics that show promise as potential antifungal agents due to their potent ability to inhibit chitin synthase, an enzyme responsible for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Whole cell assays and in vivo studies have shown that these natural products have poor cellular uptake and are metabolically unstable, and there has been a concerted effort to improve their pharmokinetic properties by synthesizing analogs. These have either been designed as natural substrate analogs, transition state mimetics or mechanistic inhibitors. Recent synthetic efforts and the results of their biological studies are briefly described in this review, and the current trends in the design and construction of polyoxin and nikkomycin analogs are discussed.
Green synthesis of 1-monosubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via ‘click chemistry’ in water
Authors: Wu Luyong , Yan Bo , Yang Guo , Chen Yuxue 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The copper-catalyzed click reaction of organic azides with acetylene gas to give 1,2,3-triazoles using water as solvent was studied. The best yields are obtained in the presence of 10 mol% of CuI and 20 mol% of Et3N. Several 1-substituted triazoles were prepared in the yields of 29–96%.
Optical vortices in fiber
Authors: Ramachandran Siddharth , Kristensen Poul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOptical vortex beams, possessing spatial polarization or phase singularities, have intriguing properties such as the ability to yield super-resolved spots under focussing, and the ability to carry orbital angular momentum that can impart torque to objects. In this review, we discuss the means by which optical fibers, hitherto considered unsuitable for stably supporting optical vortices, may be used to generate and propagate such exotic beams. We discuss the multitude of applications in which a new class of fibers that stably supports vortices may be used, and review recent experiments and demonstration conducted with such fibers.
Development and characterization of novel photopolymerizable formulations for stereolithography
Authors: Corcione Carola Esposito 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Novel photopolymerizable formulations, able to photopolymerize with a dual mechanism (cationic and radical), were developed and characterized as potential resins for stereolithography (SL) process. The influence of the presence of organically modified boehmite nanoparticles on the properties of the photopolymerizable mixtures was also analyzed. The main properties required for a liquid SL resin are a high reactivity and a low viscosity. All of the experimental formulations produced, even in the presence of boehmite nanoparticles, are able to satisfy these significant requirements. Physical-mechanical and thermal properties of the photocured samples, obtained starting from the experimental formulations, were finally measured. The cured nanocomposite bars show a high transparency, confirming the good dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymeric matrix and possess improved glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical performances, compared to the unfilled system and to a commercial stereolithographic resin. These results suggest the possibility of using the novel nanofilled photopolymerizable suspensions in the stereolithographic apparatus to build, not only esthetical, but also functional prototypes.
Metformin Is Associated With Survival Benefit in Cancer Patients With Concurrent Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yin Ming , Zhou Jie , Gorak Edward J. , Quddus Fahd 
Published: November 2013

Learning Objectives
Describe the influences of different types of glucose-lowering medications on therapeutic outcomes of cancer patients who received standard anticancer treatment. Compare the survival associated with metformin treatment with survival in treatment with other glucose-lowering medications.