bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of spermatozoa parameters, fine structures, and energy‐related factors among tetraploid, hyper‐tetraploid, and hyper‐triploid loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)
Authors: Zhao Yan , Saito Taiju , Pšenička Martin , Fujimoto Takafumi , Arai Katsutoshi 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the influence of ploidy elevation and aneuploidy on spermatozoa in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, we investigated some parameters (motility, concentration, and viability), fine structures (gross morphology, head size, and flagellum length), and energy‐related biochemical factors (volume of mitochondrial mass per cell and ATP content) in diploid, hyper‐diploid, and hexaploid‐range spermatozoa produced in natural tetraploid, hyper‐tetraploid, and hyper‐triploid male loaches, respectively. Diploid spermatozoa exhibited vigorous movement and sufficient duration of motility similar to those in haploid spermatozoa. They had longer flagella, higher numbers and larger volume of mitochondria, and higher ATP content than haploid spermatozoa of wild‐type diploids. No differences were observed in parameters and morphological characteristics between diploid and hyper‐diploid spermatozoa. In contrast, the hexaploid‐range spermatozoa of hyper‐triploid males exhibited poor progressive motility in spite of a higher ATP content of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa with no flagella (36.0%) or multiple flagella (18.6%) were also observed in hyper‐triploids. Ratios of head to flagellum length in hexaploid‐range spermatozoa were significantly different from those of haploid spermatozoa. In addition to the normal 9 + 2 microtubule structure of the flagellum, an abnormal 9 + 1 microtubule structure was also observed in the spermatozoa of hyper‐triploids. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 198–206, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motion‐compensated real‐time MR thermometry augmented by tracking coils
Authors: Wang Peng , Unal Orhan 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a real‐time proton resonant frequency (PRF) based MR thermometry method with a novel motion compensation technique, using linear phase model and active tracking coils.Materials and MethodsA 6F catheter with multiple tracking coils and radiofrequency (RF) ablation tip was built for ex vivo experiments using excised bovine liver on a 1.5 Tesla scanner. A real‐time MR acquisition scheme with interleaved active catheter tracking and multislice imaging was implemented. To evaluate the proposed method, in‐plane periodic linear motion and through‐plane irregular motion were induced by the rocker capability of the scanner and hand, respectively. Real‐time temperature maps of the tissue undergoing a 2‐min RF ablation cycle were obtained and used to compare the performance of the proposed method with that of the multi‐baseline method.ResultsThe temporal window achieved per acquisition of one slice and catheter tracking is ∼380 ms. The standard deviations of tracking errors are less than 1 mm for both irregular and periodic motions in x–y plane. The measurements at the heated and unheated regions demonstrate that the proposed thermometry method perform equally well for both in‐plane and through‐plane motion while maintaining a similar accuracy (σ = 1.10 versus 1.04°C) compared with the conventional multi‐baseline method.ConclusionThe new MR thermometry method using catheter‐based tracking coils and linear phase model for motion compensation and phase correction is promising and may offer reliable MR thermometry for real‐time MRI‐guided thermal therapies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:851–857. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conceptualising Customer‐to‐customer Value Co‐creation in Tourism
Authors: Rihova Ivana , Buhalis Dimitrios , Moital Miguel , Gouthro Mary‐Beth 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe notion that tourists actively co‐create value with organisations is increasingly acknowledged in tourism marketing. Yet, not much is known about the processes in play when customers co‐create value with each other. This conceptual paper offers a theoretical basis for the study of customer‐to‐customer co‐creation in tourism contexts, while debating the epistemological assumptions of value‐related research in tourism. Proposed conceptual framework posits that value is socially constructed and embedded in tourists' social practices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival and habitat use by fledgling northern flickers in a fragmented forest landscape
Authors: Gow Elizabeth A. , Wiebe Karen L. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe post‐fledging dependency period of birds is often characterized by high juvenile mortality, but fledglings in specific habitats may have increased survivorship. We describe habitat use by fledgling northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) in relation to the availability of patchy forest and prairie habitat in central British Columbia, Canada. We used radiotelemetry to monitor survival of fledglings according to their use of habitats during the dependency period. The fledglings occupied habitats with a higher density of trees than either random locations or nest sites and they switched from forested areas to more open grasslands after 7–10 days post‐fledging. Some moved >1 km from the nest within 4 days post‐fledging. Fledglings from nests in small tree clusters with little forest cover within 250 m moved farther from their nest within the first 4 days post‐fledging than fledglings from nests in larger forest patches. Fledgling survival was positively correlated with the amount of canopy cover and negatively correlated with the amount of forest cover at the larger landscape scale. Young flickers moved among habitat types, which may occur as a result of trade‐offs between predation risk and food abundance between habitats. We conclude that fledgling flickers at younger ages used dense forested areas and grassland habitat and forest at older ages to maximize survival and to access food sources. Maintaining patches of dense cover and the amount of forest cover on less than 35% of the landscape may improve fledgling survival of flickers. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Development and validation of the Diagnostic Interview Adjustment Disorder (DIAD)
Authors: Cornelius L. R. , Brouwer S. , de Boer M. R. , Groothoff J. W. , van der Klink J. J. L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdjustment disorders (ADs) are under‐researched due to the absence of a reliable and valid diagnostic tool. This paper describes the development and content/construct validation of a fully structured interview for the diagnosis of AD, the Diagnostic Interview Adjustment Disorder (DIAD). We developed the DIAD by partly adjusting and operationalizing DSM‐IV criteria. Eleven experts were consulted on the content of the DIAD. In addition, the DIAD was administered by trained lay interviewers to a representative sample of disability claimants (n = 323). To assess construct validity of the DIAD, we explored the associations between the AD classification by the DIAD and summary scores of the Kessler Psychological Distress 10‐item Scale (K10) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) by linear regression. Expert agreement on content of the DIAD was moderate to good. The prevalence of AD using the DIAD with revised criteria for the diagnosis AD was 7.4%. The associations of AD by the DIAD with average sum scores on the K10 and the WHODAS supported construct validity of the DIAD. The results provide a first indication that the DIAD is a valid instrument to diagnose AD. Further studies on reliability and on other aspects of validity are needed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing an African youth psychosocial assessment: an application of item response theory
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , Yang Frances , Bolton Paul , Normand Sharon‐Lise 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to refine a dimensional scale for measuring psychosocial adjustment in African youth using item response theory (IRT). A 60‐item scale derived from qualitative data was administered to 667 war‐affected adolescents (55% female). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) determined the dimensionality of items based on goodness‐of‐fit indices. Items with loadings less than 0.4 were dropped. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the scale's dimensionality found under the EFA. Item discrimination and difficulty were estimated using a graded response model for each subscale using weighted least squares means and variances. Predictive validity was examined through correlations between IRT scores (θ) for each subscale and ratings of functional impairment. All models were assessed using goodness‐of‐fit and comparative fit indices. Fisher's Information curves examined item precision at different underlying ranges of each trait. Original scale items were optimized and reconfigured into an empirically‐robust 41‐item scale, the African Youth Psychosocial Assessment (AYPA). Refined subscales assess internalizing and externalizing problems, prosocial attitudes/behaviors and somatic complaints without medical cause. The AYPA is a refined dimensional assessment of emotional and behavioral problems in African youth with good psychometric properties. Validation studies in other cultures are recommended. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the role of physiological fluctuations in quantitative gradient echo MRI: implications for GEPCI, QSM, and SWI
Authors: Wen Jie , Cross Anne H. , Yablonskiy Dmitriy A. 
Published: January 2014

PurposePhysiological fluctuations in biological tissues adversely affect MR images if present during signal acquisition. This problem is especially important for quantitative MRI. The goal of the studies reported in this study was to reduce the contributions of physiological fluctuations in quantitative MRI based on T2* tissue relaxation properties. Specifically, in this study we deal with GEPCI, QSM, and SWI techniques and propose methods allowing for substantial improvement of their results.MethodsWe used a navigator imbedded in a multi‐gradient‐echo sequence to record and correct MR signal phase fluctuations at each phase encoding step. All GEPCI, QSM, and SWI images were then reconstructed from a single acquisition. We used a keyhole‐type approach to further average out effects of physiological fluctuations. Voxel spread function technique was used to correct for macroscopic field inhomogeneities.ResultsBrains of normal subjects and subjects with multiple sclerosis were studied. We demonstrated that our used strategies substantially reduced the width of the R2* = 1/T2* distribution within human brains and significantly improved quantification of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. We also showed improved quality of the SWI and QSM images.ConclusionThe strategies used in this study greatly reduced physiologically induced artifacts in GEPCI, QSM, and SWI, improving the reliability of these techniques. Magn Reson Med 73:195–203, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of vagal baroreflex sensitivity in normal subjects
Authors: Wada Naoki , Singer Wolfgang , Gehrking Tonette L. , Sletten David M. , Schmelzer James D. , Kihara Mikihiro , Low Phillip A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The Valsalva maneuver (VM) is used widely to quantify the sensitivity of the vagal baroreflex loop (vagal baroreflex sensitivity, BRS_v), but most studies have focused on the heart rate (HR) response to blood pressure (BP) decrement (BRS_v↓), even though the subsequent response to an increment in BP after the VM (BRS_v↑) is important and different. Methods: We evaluated recordings of HR and BP in 187 normal subjects during the VM and determined both BRS_v↑, as determined by relating HR to the BP increase after phase III and BRS_v↓. Results: BRS_v↑ was related inversely to age. In addition, BRS_v↓, age, and magnitude of phase IV were independent predictors of BRS_v↑ in a multivariate model, accounting for 47% of the variance of BRS_v↑. Conclusions: The results indicate that both BRS_v↑ and BRS_v↓ become blunted with increasing age and that these indices relate to each other. Muscle Nerve 50: 535–540, 2014
Acute and chronic ataxic neuropathies with disialosyl antibodies: A continuous clinical spectrum and a common pathophysiological mechanism
Authors: Yuki Nobuhiro , Uncini Antonino 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAcute ataxic neuropathies with disialosyl antibodies include Fisher syndrome, ataxic Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), and acute sensory ataxic neuropathy. Fisher syndrome and ataxic GBS are more strongly associated with IgG anti‐GQ1b and anti‐GT1a than with anti‐GD1b antibodies, whereas the association is reversed in the case of acute sensory ataxic neuropathy. Chronic ataxic neuropathy with disialosyl antibodies is associated with IgM paraprotein to GD1b and GQ1b, which occasionally reacts with GT1a. The clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological features, along with experimental findings, suggest that acute and chronic ataxic neuropathies with disialosyl antibodies form a continuous clinical and pathophysiological spectrum characterized by a complement‐mediated disruption at the nodal region and are better classified in the new category of nodo‐paranodopathies. Muscle Nerve 49: 629–635, 2014
B‐bar FEMs for anisotropic elasticity
Authors: Oberrecht S.P. , Novák J. , Krysl P. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYAnisotropic elastic materials, such as the homogenized model of a fiber‐reinforced matrix, can display near rigidity under certain applied stress–the resulting strains are small compared with the strains that would occur for other stresses of comparable magnitude. The anisotropic material could be rigid under hydrostatic pressure if the material were incompressible, as in isotropic elasticity, but also for other stresses.Some commonly used finite elements are effective in dealing with incompressibility, but are ill‐equipped to handle materials that lock under non‐hydrostatic stress states (e.g., uniformly reduced serendipity and Q1/Q0 B‐bar hexahedra). The failure of the original B‐bar method is attributed to the assumption that the mode of deformation to be relieved is one of near incompressibility. The remedy proposed here is based on the spectral decomposition of the compliance matrix of the material. The spectrum can be interpreted to separate nearly‐rigid and flexible modes of stress and strain, which leads naturally to a generalized selective reduced integration. Furthermore, the spectral decomposition also enables a three‐field elasticity formulation that results in a B‐bar method that is effective for general anisotropic materials with an arbitrary nearly‐rigid mode of deformation.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐scale computational modelling of water flow in unsaturated soils containing irregular‐shaped inclusions
Authors: Carr E. J. , Turner I. W. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe focus of this paper is two‐dimensional computational modelling of water flow in unsaturated soils consisting of weakly conductive disconnected inclusions embedded in a highly conductive connected matrix. When the inclusions are small, a two‐scale Richards’ equation‐based model has been proposed in the literature taking the form of an equation with effective parameters governing the macroscopic flow coupled with a microscopic equation, defined at each point in the macroscopic domain, governing the flow in the inclusions. This paper is devoted to a number of advances in the numerical implementation of this model. Namely, by treating the micro‐scale as a two‐dimensional problem, our solution approach based on a control volume finite element method can be applied to irregular inclusion geometries, and, if necessary, modified to account for additional phenomena (e.g. imposing the macroscopic gradient on the micro‐scale via a linear approximation of the macroscopic variable along the microscopic boundary). This is achieved with the help of an exponential integrator for advancing the solution in time. This time integration method completely avoids generation of the Jacobian matrix of the system and hence eases the computation when solving the two‐scale model in a completely coupled manner. Numerical simulations are presented for a two‐dimensional infiltration problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glioblastoma‐associated stromal cells (GASCs) from histologically normal surgical margins have a myofibroblast phenotype and angiogenic properties
Authors: Clavreul Anne , Guette Catherine , Faguer Rogatien , Tétaud Clément , Boissard Alice , Lemaire Laurent , Rousseau Audrey , Avril Tony , Henry Cécile , Coqueret Olivier , Menei Philippe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGlioblastoma (GB) displays diffusely infiltrative growth patterns. Dispersive cells escape surgical resection and contribute to tumour recurrence within a few centimeters of the resection cavity in 90% of cases. We know that the non‐neoplastic stromal compartment, in addition to infiltrative tumour cells, plays an active role in tumour recurrence. We isolated a new stromal cell population from the histologically normal surgical margins of GB by computer‐guided stereotaxic biopsies and primary culture. These GB‐associated stromal cells (GASCs) share phenotypic and functional properties with the cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) described in the stroma of carcinomas. In particular, GASCs have tumour‐promoting effects on glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe a quantitative proteomic analysis, using iTRAQ labelling and mass spectrometry, to compare GASCs with control stromal cells derived from non‐GB peripheral brain tissues. A total of 1077 proteins were quantified and 67 proteins were found to differ between GASCs and control stromal cells. Several proteins changed in GASCs are related to a highly motile myofibroblast phenotype, and to wound healing and angiogenesis. The results for several selected proteins were validated by western blotting or flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of GASCs on angiogenesis was confirmed using the orthotopic U87MG glioma model. In conclusion, GASCs, isolated from GB histologically normal surgical margins and found mostly near blood vessels, could be a vascular niche constituent establishing a permissive environment, facilitating angiogenesis and possibly colonization of recurrence‐initiating cells. We identify various proteins as being expressed in GASCs: some of these proteins may serve as prognostic factors for GB and/or targets for anti‐glioma treatment. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Long‐term outcome of 4,040 children diagnosed with pediatric low‐grade gliomas: An analysis of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database
Authors: Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Bergthold Guillaume , London Wendy B. , Goumnerova Liliana C. , Morales La Madrid Andres , Marcus Karen J. , Guo Dongjing , Ullrich Nicole J. , Robison Nathan J. , Chi Susan N. , Beroukhim Rameen , Kieran Mark W. , Manley Peter E. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundChildren with pediatric low‐grade gliomas (PLGG) are known to have excellent 10‐year survival rates; however the outcomes of adult survivors of PLGG are unknown. We identified patients diagnosed with PLGG diagnosed between 1973 and 2008 through the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to examine outcomes of adult survivors of PLGG.ProcedureFour thousand and forty patients with either WHO grade I or II PLGG were identified and outcome data retrieved. Two analyses were performed to assess survival and risk of death from tumor. Competing risks analysis was conducted and cumulative incidence curves of death due to disease were generated. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed, with adjustment for non‐disease death. Kaplan–Meier curves for overall cancer specific survival (OS) were also generated.ResultsThe 20‐year OS was 87% ± 0.8% and the 20‐year cumulative incidence of death due to glioma was 12% ± 0.8%. The incidence of death after transition to adulthood (age greater than 22 years) was slightly lower, with 20‐year cumulative incidence of disease death of 7% ± 1.8%. Year of diagnosis, age of diagnosis, histology, WHO grade, primary site, radiation, and degree of initial resection were prognostic in univariate analysis, while the administration of radiation was the greatest risk of death in multivariate analysis of OS (hazard ratio = 3.9).ConclusionsPLGGs are associated with an excellent long‐term survival, with a low likelihood of PLGG related death in adult survivors. Treatment strategies for pediatric tumors should therefore aim for disease control during childhood and adolescence with an emphasis on minimizing long‐term treatment induced toxicities. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1173–1179. © 2014 The Authors. Pediatric Blood & Cancer Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of being overweight or obese in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Rodday Angie Mae , Kelly Michael J. , Must Aviva , MacPherson Cathy , Roberts Susan B. , Saltzman Edward , Parsons Susan K. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundA high prevalence of obesity has been increasingly recognized in survivors of pediatric ALL. However, longitudinal patterns of weight change during and after treatment, and associated factors, are less well elucidated.ProcedureIn a retrospective cohort of 83 pediatric patients with ALL diagnosed between 1985 and 2010, we examined body mass index (BMI) status at several key time points: diagnosis; end of induction; end of consolidation; every 6 months during maintenance; and yearly for up to 5 years post‐treatment.ResultsAt diagnosis, 21% were overweight (BMI = 85–94.9th percentile) or obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile). At the end of treatment and 5 years post‐treatment, approximately 40% were overweight or obese. The mean BMI z‐score was 0.2 (58th percentile) at diagnosis and increased significantly during induction (Δ = 0.5, P < 0.0001). It increased again during the first 6 months of maintenance (Δ = 0.2, P < 0.01) and did not significantly change over the remainder of maintenance (BMI z‐score at the end of treatment = 0.8, 79th percentile) and 5 years post‐treatment (BMI z‐score = 0.7, 76th percentile). High BMI z‐score at diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of being overweight/obese at treatment completion (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.6–5.1). Weight gain during treatment was associated with being overweight/obese 5 years post‐treatment (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.1–12.5).ConclusionChildren with ALL are at risk of becoming overweight/obese early in treatment. Increases in weight are maintained throughout treatment and beyond. Lifestyle interventions are needed targeting weight control early during treatment, particularly for patients overweight/obese at diagnosis and those who experience substantial weight gain during treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1263–1269. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.