bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freistunde für Chemiker
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIdeen einfach ausprobieren — warum eigentlich nicht? Viele Unternehmen räumen ihren Mitarbeitern Zeit zum Experimentieren ein, Fehlschläge sind ausdrücklich erlaubt. So entstehen Produkte, auf die in der Marketingabteilung niemand gekommen wäre.
Partially renewable copolyesters prepared from acetalized d‐glucitol by solid‐state modification of poly(butylene terephthalate)
Authors: Gubbels Erik , Lavilla Cristina , de Ilarduya Antxon Martínez , Noordover Bart A. J. , Koning Cor E. , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe backbone of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was modified with 2,4:3,5‐di‐O‐methylene‐D‐glucitol (Glux) using solid‐state modification (SSM). The obtained copolyesters proved to have a non‐random overall chemical microstructure. The thermal properties of these semicrystalline, block‐like, Glux‐based materials were extraordinary, showing higher melting points, and glass transition temperatures compared with other sugar‐based copolyesters prepared by SSM. These remarkable thermal properties were a direct result of the inherently rigid structure of Glux and the relatively slow randomization of the block‐like chemical microstructure of the Glux‐based copolyesters in the melt. SSM proved to be a versatile tool for preparing partially biobased copolyesters with superior thermal properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 164–177
Multiscale Simulation on the Influence of Dimethyl Hydantoin on Mechanical Properties of GAP/RDX Propellants
Authors: Lan Yanhua , Zhai Jinxian , Li Dinghua , Yang Rongjie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe influence of dimethyl hydantoin (DMH) on the mechanical properties of GAP/RDX propellant was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation. The results showed that the binding energies (Ebinding) between GAP and different surfaces of RDX were in the order of (010)>(001)>(100). Compared to GAP/RDX, GAP grafted with DMH (GAP‐DMH) exhibits higher binding energies with RDX, and the sequence of Ebinding turns to (001)>(010)>(100). Radial distribution simulations demonstrated that GAP‐DMH is more close to the surfaces of RDX, increasing the van der Waals energies between GAP‐DMH and RDX. The stress and strain of GAP‐DMH/RDX excel those of GAP/RDX. DPD simulations showed that GAP‐DMH was able to restrain the agglomeration of RDX, to improve the dispersibility and to enlarge the contact surface with RDX, which also increased the mechanical properties of GAP/RDX propellant.
Outcomes of childhood conduct problem trajectories in early adulthood: findings from the ALSPAC study
Authors: Kretschmer Tina , Hickman Matthew , Doerner Rita , Emond Alan , Lewis Glyn , Macleod John , Maughan Barbara , Munafò Marcus R. , Heron Jon 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Although conduct problems in childhood are stably associated with problem outcomes, not every child who presents with conduct problems is at risk. This study extends previous studies by testing whether childhood conduct problem trajectories are predictive of a wide range of other health and behavior problems in early adulthood using a general population sample. Based on 7,218 individuals from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, a three-step approach was used to model childhood conduct problem development and identify differences in early adult health and behavior problems. Childhood conduct problems were assessed on six occasions between age 4 and 13 and health and behavior outcomes were measured at age 18. Individuals who displayed early-onset persistent conduct problems throughout childhood were at greater risk for almost all forms of later problems. Individuals on the adolescent-onset conduct problem path consumed more tobacco and illegal drugs and engaged more often in risky sexual behavior than individuals without childhood conduct problems. Levels of health and behavior problems for individuals on the childhood-limited path were in between those for stable low and stable high trajectories. Childhood conduct problems are pervasive and substantially affect adjustment in early adulthood both in at-risk samples as shown in previous studies, but also in a general population sample. Knowing a child’s developmental course can help to evaluate the risk for later maladjustment and be indicative of the need for early intervention.
Biomarkers of muscle quality: N‐terminal propeptide of type III procollagen and C‐terminal agrin fragment responses to resistance exercise training in older adults
Authors: Fragala Maren S. , Jajtner Adam R. , Beyer Kyle S. , Townsend Jeremy R. , Emerson Nadia S. , Scanlon Tyler C. , Oliveira Leonardo P. , Hoffman Jay R. , Stout Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundN‐terminal peptide of procollagen type III (P3NP) and C‐terminal agrin fragment (CAF) are circulating biomarkers that are related to lean body mass in older adults. P3NP is a circulating marker reflective of muscular structural remodeling while CAF is a circulating marker of neuromuscular remodeling. As resistance exercise is an established intervention that can effectively improve muscle quality, we sought to evaluate circulating biomarker changes corresponding to a resistance exercise intervention in older adults.MethodsTwenty‐three older adults (aged 61 to 85 years) were randomized into an intervention (6‐week resistance training) or control group. Resting circulating P3NP, CAF, lean body mass (LBM), muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA), muscle strength, and muscle quality were determined at baseline and after the intervention or control period by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, ultrasound, leg extension, and relative strength, respectively. Changes in circulating biomarkers and measures of muscle mass and quality were evaluated with repeated‐measures analysis of variance; clinical interpretations were made with magnitude‐based inferences, and relationships between variables were evaluated with bivariate correlations.ResultsThe short‐term resistance exercise intervention was effective at improving muscle quality by 28 % (p < 0.001) despite no significant changes in lean body mass. Baseline circulating P3NP was somewhat lower in older women (4.15 ± 1.9 ng/mL) compared with older men (4.81 ± 2.1 ng/mL). The exercise intervention tended to increase circulating P3NP (baseline = 4.53 ± 1.80 to post = 4.88 ± 1.86) and was significantly correlated with changes in LBM (r = 0.422, p = 0.045). At baseline, women (3.91 ± 1.12 pg/mL) had somewhat higher circulating CAF than men (3.47 ± 1.37 pg/mL). Circulating CAF increased by 10.4 % (3.59 to 4.00 pg/ml) in older adults following 6 weeks of resistance exercise training. Changes in circulating CAF were significantly related to changes in CSA of the vastus lateralis (r = 0.542, p = 0.008).ConclusionsAssessment of P3NP and CAF from blood samples may provide minimally invasive and clinically informative measures of skeletal muscle status in older adults. Circulating CAF appears to increase in response to short‐term resistance exercise training in older adults to a clinically meaningful magnitude. Changes in circulating P3NP in response to the intervention were less clear but appear to reflect muscle hypertrophy. Further research is needed to elucidate whether P3NP, CAF, or other biomarkers can reflect muscle qualitative adaptations with larger and longer studies.
Characterization of patients with ostomy treated at a public municipal and regional reference center
Authors: Melotti Luis Fernando , Bueno Ivy Mendes , Silveira Gleci Vieira , Silva Maria Elizete Nunes Da , Fedosse Elenir 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjective to characterize patients with ostomy treated at a municipal and regional reference center in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.Methods this is a retrospective and descriptive study, based on the records of patients with ileostomy or colostomy recorded in this service between 2000 and 2010.Results a total of 273 patients were studied, of which 145 were females. The mean age was 64.5 years. Patients with incomplete elementary education (43.6%) and retirees/pensioners (44.7%) were the most prevalent. The main cause for the stoma was neoplastic disease, with 45.8% of colorectal cancer and 5.5% of cancers at other sites. Other causes were: diverticular disease (7%), bowel obstruction (7%), functional bowel disorders (4.8%), abdominal trauma (2.9%), non-traumatic bowel perforation (2.6%), inflammatory bowel diseases (1.8%) and intestinal polyposis (0.7%). Regarding the type of ostomy, 85.7% were performed by colostomy and 15.8% by ileostomy.Conclusions the study population consisted mainly of patients older than 60 and females. The main intervention performed was permanent colostomy and the most important cause for the procedure performance was colorectal cancer.
Applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to evaluate a public health policy initiative in the North East of England
Authors: Warren Jon , Wistow Jonathan , Bambra Clare 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) analysis of data produced as part of the evaluation a Nation Health Service commissioned intervention in the North East of England. QCA is a case-oriented method that allows systematic comparison of cases as configurations of set memberships based on their attributes and the relationship of these to particular outcomes. QCA provides an alternative to conventional quantitative approaches which are generally concerned with isolating the independent effect of one variable whilst controlling the influence of others. Instead, QCA allows for interactions between multiple attributes and recognises that the same outcomes may be generated by different configurations of attributes.
The intervention evaluated provided case management for individuals who were out of work due to ill health, and had been for three years or more. It aimed to improve the health of individuals and move them closer to the labour market. The intervention and a comparison group were assessed at base line (T1), after 3 months — (T2) after 6 months (end of the intervention — T3) and after 9 months (three months post intervention — T4). The size of the respective populations at each time point were, Intervention group at T1, N = 131, T2, N = 44, T3, N = 79, T4, N = 95. Comparison group at T1, N = 229, T2, N = 188, T3, N = 166, T4, N = 154.
General health was measured using EQ5-D (a standardised instrument for use as a measure of general health outcome) and SF-8. Two condition specific measures were included: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire.
Data was also collected on socio demographics (gender, age, housing tenure), social capital (contact with family and friends and participation with the wider community), and work history (previous jobs, time spent in the job, time spent on sickness absence).
The aim of the QCA analysis was to identify whether individuals with certain characteristics or combinations of characteristics benefited from the intervention. In order to do this the cases were sorted according to whether their EQ-5D VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores (a self rated measure of general health) narrowed or did not narrow towards the population norm for the measure between baseline (T1) and (T4) 9 months (three months post intervention — T4). Cases which narrowed towards the UK population norm of 82.48 were judged to be experiencing a health improvement whilst those whose scores did not narrow towards the norm were judged to not have experienced a health improvement. A crisp set (cs) QCA analysis was then performed.
The paper assesses the benefits of using QCA, and asks whether it can provide a viable and practical tool for social policy evaluations.
On the algebraic K-theory of truncated polynomial algebras in several variables
Authors: Angeltveit Vigleik , Gerhardt Teena , Hill Michael A. , Lindenstrauss Ayelet 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe consider the algebraic K-theory of a truncated polynomial algebra in several commuting variables, . This naturally leads to a new generalization of the big Witt vectors. If k is a perfect field of positive characteristic we describe the K-theory computation in terms of a cube of these Witt vectors on ℕn. If the characteristic of k does not divide any of the ai we compute the K-groups explicitly. We also compute the K-groups modulo torsion for k = ℤ.To understand this K-theory spectrum we use the cyclotomic trace map to topological cyclic homology, and write as the iterated homotopy cofiber of an n-cube of spectra, each of which is easier to understand.
Generalized phase average with applications to sensor-based flow estimation of the wall-mounted square cylinder wake
Authors: Bourgeois J. A. , Noack B. R. , Martinuzzi R. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe experimentally investigate the three-dimensional wake behind a finite wall-mounted square cylinder at$\mathit{Re}= 12\hspace{0.167em} 000$and aspect ratio of 4. Focus is placed on the base flow and oscillatory fluctuation. Time-resolved three-dimensional velocity fields are constructed from high-frame-rate particle image velocimetry (PIV) and simultaneously recorded surface pressure measurements. All three velocity components are resolved in a rectangular near-wake region by two orthogonal dense arrays of parallel PIV planes. A key enabler is a generalized phase average incorporating a slowly varying base flow, a variable oscillation amplitude and higher harmonics. These generalizations reduce the instantaneous residual 30 % below those of a traditional phase average. Moreover, the resolved variations reveal analytical constraints of the mean flow and oscillation levels, such as the mean-field paraboloid. The proposed methodology for generalized phase averaging and for construction of three-dimensional velocity fields from two-dimensional PIV data is applicable to a large class of turbulent flows with oscillatory dynamics.
Occupancy estimation of jaguar Panthera onca to assess the value of east-central Mexico as a jaguar corridor
Authors: Petracca Lisanne S. , Ramírez-Bravo O. Eric , Hernández-Santín Lorna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe use of wildlife corridors to maintain landscape connectivity has become increasingly relevant to the conservation of wide-ranging species, including the jaguar Panthera onca. Jaguars are particularly threatened in Mexico, where corridor linkages are tenuous as a result of habitat fragmentation. Our study assessed a section of potential corridor south of the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico. We conducted 245 interviews with local inhabitants in 140 36-km2 sampling units over a 5-month period and compiled detection histories for jaguars and five prey species: collared peccary Pecari tajacu, red brocket deer Mazama americana, white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus, spotted paca Agouti paca, and nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. These detection histories were then analysed using site occupancy modelling. Each sampling unit was assigned a probability of habitat use based on (1) the two smaller prey species (paca and armadillo) and (2) at least two of the larger prey species (collared peccary and two deer species) using habitat in that unit. This probability estimate was considered a proxy for the prey base of each sampling unit and therefore the unit's suitability as a jaguar corridor. Although the prey base in some areas appears adequate to support a jaguar population, large-scale development projects and the paucity of jaguar sign are major obstacles to this region's potential as a jaguar corridor. Our results suggest that the eastern coast of Mexico may not be a priority area for range-wide jaguar conservation.
Triggering word learning in children with Language Impairment: the effect of phonotactic probability and neighbourhood density
Authors: MCKEAN CRISTINA , LETTS CAROLYN , HOWARD DAVID 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of phonotactic probability (PP) and neighbourhood density (ND) on triggering word learning was examined in children with Language Impairment (3;04–6;09) and compared to Typically Developing children. Nonwords, varying PP and ND orthogonally, were presented in a story context and their learning tested using a referent identification task. Group comparisons with receptive vocabulary as a covariate found no group differences in overall scores or in the influence of PP or ND. Therefore, there was no evidence of atypical lexical or phonological processing. ‘Convergent’ PP/ND (High PP/High ND; Low PP/Low ND) was optimal for word learning in both groups. This bias interacted with vocabulary knowledge. ‘Divergent’ PP/ND word scores (High PP/Low ND; Low PP/High ND) were positively correlated with vocabulary so the ‘divergence disadvantage’ reduced as vocabulary knowledge grew; an interaction hypothesized to represent developmental changes in lexical–phonological processing linked to the emergence of phonological representations.
Mild cognitive impairment and mood: a systematic review
Authors: Yates Jennifer A , Clare Linda , Woods Robert T 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis systematic review, with meta-analyses conducted where data were available, aimed to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to establish how symptoms of depression and anxiety relate to the progression from no cognitive impairment to MCI, and from MCI to dementia. Sixty studies were included in the review. Meta-analyses indicated that symptoms of depression and anxiety were more prevalent in people with MCI than in people with normal cognitive function, and increased the risk of progression from no cognitive impairment to MCI. There were mixed results regarding the effect of such symptoms on progression from MCI to dementia. The findings highlight the need for more research in this area, which can inform attempts to slow or halt the progression of cognitive impairment in later life, with resulting benefits for quality of life.
Measurement of 40 power system harmonics in real‐time on an economical ARM® Cortex™‐M3 platform
Authors: Roscoe A.J. , Sklaschus T. , Oldroyd G. , Blair S.M. , Burt G.M. 
Published: November 2013

Within future homes and electrical power networks, emphasis is being placed on intelligent, distributed measurement devices. In particular, the recognition of individual or aggregated loads through harmonic signature has been proposed as a useful way to enhance the value of home energy monitoring/control. Clearly, the cost of implementing such measurement devices is a major barrier to acceptance. In a recent project, a challenge was set to implement real‐time software on an ARM® Cortex™ LPC1768 microcontroller platform (chip cost c. £4). The software must be capable of measuring a single‐phase AC frequency, real and reactive power flows and provide a full breakdown of the voltage and current (and power) behaviour via harmonic analysis from DC to the 40th, in real‐time with a new output every 20 ms. In addition, the algorithm must be capable of adapting the measurement when the frequency is not nominal (50 Hz) so that spectral leakage is minimised. It is found that the LPC1768 processor is capable of supporting such an algorithm when it is coded appropriately. This knowledge de‐risks the proposed use of such cheap microcontrollers for these relatively complex tasks.
Rab GAP cascade regulates dynamics of Ypt6 in the Golgi traffic
Authors: Suda Yasuyuki , Kurokawa Kazuo , Hirata Ryogo , Nakano Akihiko 
Published: November 2013

Significance
The Golgi apparatus functions as the central station of membrane traffic in cells. A series of Rab GTPases, which control various steps in membrane traffic, act consecutively during the course of Golgi maturation. Here, we report that Ypt6, a Rab6 homologue in yeast, resides temporarily at the Golgi and dissociates into the cytosol upon arrival of Ypt32, another Rab GTPase functioning in the late Golgi. We have found that Gyp6, a putative GTPase-activating protein for Ypt6, specifically interacts with Ypt32 as an effector. Taken together with the previously proposed Rab cascade within the Golgi, we propose that multiple Rab cascades interact at the intersection of secretory and endosomal pathways and play significant roles in traffic within and around the Golgi apparatus.
WaveCNV: allele-specific copy number alterations in primary tumors and xenograft models from next-generation sequencing
Authors: Holt Carson , Losic Bojan , Pai Deepa , Zhao Zhen , Trinh Quang , Syam Sujata , Arshadi Niloofar , Jang Gun Ho , Ali Johar , Beck Tim , McPherson John , Muthuswamy Lakshmi B. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Copy number variations (CNVs) are a major source of genomic variability and are especially significant in cancer. Until recently microarray technologies have been used to characterize CNVs in genomes. However, advances in next-generation sequencing technology offer significant opportunities to deduce copy number directly from genome sequencing data. Unfortunately cancer genomes differ from normal genomes in several aspects that make them far less amenable to copy number detection. For example, cancer genomes are often aneuploid and an admixture of diploid/non-tumor cell fractions. Also patient-derived xenograft models can be laden with mouse contamination that strongly affects accurate assignment of copy number. Hence, there is a need to develop analytical tools that can take into account cancer-specific parameters for detecting CNVs directly from genome sequencing data.
Results: We have developed WaveCNV, a software package to identify copy number alterations by detecting breakpoints of CNVs using translation-invariant discrete wavelet transforms and assign digitized copy numbers to each event using next-generation sequencing data. We also assign alleles specifying the chromosomal ratio following duplication/loss. We verified copy number calls using both microarray (correlation coefficient 0.97) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (correlation coefficient 0.94) and found them to be highly concordant. We demonstrate its utility in pancreatic primary and xenograft sequencing data.
Availability and implementation: Source code and executables are available at https://github.com/WaveCNV. The segmentation algorithm is implemented in MATLAB, and copy number assignment is implemented Perl.
Contact: lakshmi.muthuswamy@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Subglacial hydrology and the formation of ice streams
Authors: Kyrke-Smith T. M , Katz R. F , Fowler A. C 
Published: November 2013

Antarctic ice streams are associated with pressurized subglacial meltwater but the role this water plays in the dynamics of the streams is not known. To address this, we present a model of subglacial water flow below ice sheets, and particularly below ice streams. The base-level flow is fed by subglacial melting and is presumed to take the form of a rough-bedded film, in which the ice is supported by larger clasts, but there is a millimetric water film which submerges the smaller particles. A model for the film is given by two coupled partial differential equations, representing mass conservation of water and ice closure. We assume that there is no sediment transport and solve for water film depth and effective pressure. This is coupled to a vertically integrated, higher order model for ice-sheet dynamics. If there is a sufficiently small amount of meltwater produced (e.g. if ice flux is low), the distributed film and ice sheet are stable, whereas for larger amounts of melt the ice–water system can become unstable, and ice streams form spontaneously as a consequence. We show that this can be explained in terms of a multi-valued sliding law, which arises from a simplified, one-dimensional analysis of the coupled model.