bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailor‐Made Synthesis of N,N,2,6‐Tetrasubstituted 4‐Nitroanilines by Three‐Component Ring Transformation of Dinitropyridone
Authors: Le Song Thi , Asahara Haruyasu , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe ring transformation of dinitropyridone afforded various kinds of 2,6‐disubstituted‐4‐nitroanilines upon treatment with aliphatic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source, wherein dinitropyridone behaved as the synthetic equivalent of unstable nitromalonaldehyde. The benzene ring, as well as the amino group of the nitroaniline framework, was easily modified by only changing a ketone and the nitrogen source, which afforded N,N,2,6‐tetrasubstituted 4‐nitroanilines in good to excellent yields.
La0.6Sr0.4FeO3‐δ and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3‐δ Perovskite Materials for H2O2 and Glucose Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Liotta L. F. , Puleo F. , La Parola V. , Leonardi S. G. , Donato N. , Aloisio D. , Neri G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLaxSr1‐xCoyFe1‐yO3‐δ perovskites were investigated as electro‐catalytic materials for H2O2 and glucose electrochemical sensors. La0.6Sr0.4FeO3‐δ and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3‐δ formulations have been synthesized by citrate method and characterized by XRD and SEM. TPR and XPS analyses were performed to evaluate the oxidation states of metal ions and surface composition. The electrochemical performances of H2O2 and glucose sensors fabricated by modifying commercial screen printed carbon electrodes with perovskites, were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry in alkaline medium. Results demonstrated that the substitution of Fe with Co ions in the ferrite structure enhance the electrocatalytical activity towards the oxidation of H2O2 and glucose.
Effect of human‐controlled hydrological regime on the source, transport, and flux of particulate organic carbon from the lower Huanghe (Yellow River)
Authors: Hu Bangqi , Li Jun , Bi Naishuang , Wang Houjie , Wei Helong , Zhao Jingtao , Xie Luhua , Zou Liang , Cui Ruyong , Li Song , Liu Ming , Li Guogang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEvaluating the role of fluvial transfer of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) and subsequent burial in the global carbon cycle requires the sources and fluxes of fluvial OC to be assessed, which remains poorly constrained in the Huanghe (Yellow River). Here, we report the elemental, stable isotopic, and radiocarbon activity of particulate organic carbon (POC) sampled at the outlet of Huanghe in 2012–2013. We show that the Huanghe riverine POC can be explained by binary mixing of fossil (POCfossil) and non‐fossil (POCnon‐fossil) components, the former may reach ~40% of the total POC. The Huanghe POCnon‐fossil is mostly sourced from C3 plants, with a mean residence time of c. 2200 years. The current human‐controlled hydrological regime strongly influenced the POC sources, transport modes, and fluxes. In 2012–2013, the Huanghe delivered 0.73 Tg (1 Tg = 1012 g) of POC to the sea, and about 28% of the annual POC flux occurred within a short human induced flood event. Globally, the Huanghe should be one of the largest rivers in the transfer and re‐burial of fossil OC. However, the fate of Huanghe fossil OC is still unconstrained and needs to be further investigated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two New Triterpene Saponins from the Seed Residue of Hippophae rhamnoides L.
Authors: Gao Wen , Chen Chao , Zhang Jing , Cheng Liang , Kong De‐Yun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTwo new triterpene saponins, named hippophosides E and F (1 and 2, resp.), together with two known compounds, were isolated from the seed residue of Hippophae rhamnoides L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and HR‐MS experiments, and by comparison with literature data.
Further Alkaloids from the Leaves of Trigonostemon lii
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Jian , Zhang Yu , Kong Ning‐Chuan , Di Ying‐Tong , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFour new indole alkaloids, trigonoliimines D–G (1–4, resp.), were isolated from Trigonostemon lii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Natural Oxylipin (6R,7E,9R,10S)‐6,9,10‐Trihydroxyoctadec‐7‐enoic Acid
Authors: Salva Reddy N. , Das Biswanath 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe stereoselective total synthesis of the natural oxylipin, (6R,7E,9R,10S)‐6,9,10‐trihydroxyoctadec‐7‐enoic acid, has been accomplished using nonanal and hexane‐1,6‐diol as the starting materials. The synthesis involves Sharpless kinetic resolution, asymmetric epoxidation, and olefin cross‐metathesis as the key steps.
Two New Labdane‐Type Diterpene Acids from the Wood of Cunninghamia konishii
Authors: Chang Chi‐I , Li Yen‐Cheng , Yang Chang‐Syan , Chao Che‐Yi , Li Yi‐Jen , Chang Hsun‐Shuo , Huang Ching‐Jeng , Kuo Ching‐Chuan , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTwo new labdane‐type diterpene acids, (12S)‐12‐hydroxylabda‐8(17),13(16),14‐trien‐18‐oic acid (1) and (12R)‐12‐hydroxy‐15,16‐epoxylabda‐8(17),13‐dien‐18‐oic acid (2), along with a known labdane‐type diterpene, (11E)‐15,16‐bisnor‐13‐oxolabda‐8(17),11‐dien‐19‐oic acid (3), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the wood of Cunninghamia konishii. Their structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the data of known analogs.
Two New Degraded Triterpenoids and a Novel seco‐Norabietane Diterpene from the Root Bark of Azadirachta indica
Authors: Dilshad Iffat , Siddiqui Bina S. , Faizi Shaheen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThree new compounds, the degraded ring C‐seco‐tetranortriterpenoid nimbolicidin (1), the degraded hexanortriterpenoid nimbocin (2), and the seco‐norabietane diterpene nimbocinin (3), were isolated from the root bark of Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Compound 1 is O‐bearing both at C(28) and C(29), which has been hitherto unreported in tetranortriterpenoids; 2 represents the first hexanortriterpenoid with a truncated apotirucallane (or apoeuphane) skeleton; 3 is an unprecedented seco‐norabietane. Spectroscopic data and chemical transformations of these compounds provided their complete structures.
Xanthones with α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities from Aspergillus versicolor, a Fungal Endophyte of Huperzia serrata
Authors: Ma Tian‐Tian , Shan Wei‐Guang , Ying You‐Min , Ma Lie‐Feng , Liu Wen‐Hong , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThree new xanthones, namely huperxanthones A–C (1–3, resp.), were obtained from the cultures of Aspergillus versicolor, a fungal endophyte of Huperzia serrata, together with 1,7‐dihydroxy‐8‐(methoxycarbonyl)xanthone‐3‐carboxylic acid (4), β‐diversonolic acid methyl ester (5), 4‐hydroxyvertixanthone (6), and sydowinin B (7). The structures of the new compounds were established by detailed NMR and MS analysis, especially by 2D‐NMR experiments. All xanthones were evaluated for their effects on α‐glucosidase. Compound 4 exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against α‐glucosidase with an IC50 value of 0.24 mM (vs. 0.38 mM for acarbose). The rest of the compounds showed weak or no activity against α‐glucosidase.
Mapping Bone Changes at the Proximal Femoral Cortex of Postmenopausal Women in Response to Alendronate and Teriparatide Alone, Combined or Sequentially
Authors: Whitmarsh Tristan , Treece Graham M , Gee Andrew H , Poole Kenneth ES 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Combining antiresorptive and anabolic drugs for osteoporosis may be a useful strategy to prevent hip fractures. Previous studies comparing the effects of alendronate (ALN) and teriparatide (TPTD) alone, combined or sequentially using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in postmenopausal women have not distinguished cortical bone mineral density (CBMD) from cortical thickness (CTh) effects, nor assessed the distribution and extent of more localized changes. In this study a validated bone mapping technique was used to examine the cortical and endocortical trabecular changes in the proximal femur resulting from an 18-month course of ALN or TPTD. Using QCT data from a different clinical trial, the global and localized changes seen following a switch to TPTD after an 18-month ALN treatment or adding TPTD to the ALN treatment were compared. Ct.Th increased (4.8%, p &lt; 0.01) and CBMD decreased (−4.5%, p &lt; 0.01) in the TPTD group compared to no significant change in the ALN group. A large Ct.Th increase could be seen for the switch group (2.8%, p &lt; 0.01) compared to a significantly smaller increase for the add group (1.5%, p &lt; 0.01). CBMD decreased significantly for the switch group (–3.9%, p &lt; 0.01) and was significantly different from no significant change in the add group. Ct.Th increases were shown to be significantly greater for the switch group compared to the add group at the load bearing regions. This study provides new insights into the effects of ALN and TPTD combination therapies on the cortex of the proximal femur and supports the hypothesis of an increased bone remodeling by TPTD being mitigated by ALN. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Single-Limb Irradiation Induces Local and Systemic Bone Loss in a Murine Model
Authors: Wright Laura E , Buijs Jeroen T , Kim Hun-Soo , Coats Laura E , Scheidler Anne M , John Sutha K , She Yun , Murthy Sreemala , Ma Ning , Chin-Sinex Helen J , Bellido Teresita M , Bateman Ted A , Mendonca Marc S , Mohammad Khalid S , Guise Theresa A 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Increased fracture risk is commonly reported in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, particularly at sites within the field of treatment. The direct and systemic effects of ionizing radiation on bone at a therapeutic dose are not well-characterized in clinically relevant animal models. Using 20-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice, effects of irradiation (right hindlimb; 2 Gy) on bone volume and microarchitecture were evaluated prospectively by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry and compared to contralateral-shielded bone (left hindlimb) and non-irradiated control bone. One week postirradiation, trabecular bone volume declined in irradiated tibias (–22%; p &lt; 0.0001) and femurs (–14%; p = 0.0586) and microarchitectural parameters were compromised. Trabecular bone volume declined in contralateral tibias (–17%; p = 0.003), and no loss was detected at the femur. Osteoclast number, apoptotic osteocyte number, and marrow adiposity were increased in irradiated bone relative to contralateral and non-irradiated bone, whereas osteoblast number was unchanged. Despite no change in osteoblast number 1 week postirradiation, dynamic bone formation indices revealed a reduction in mineralized bone surface and a concomitant increase in unmineralized osteoid surface area in irradiated bone relative to contralateral and non-irradiated control bone. Further, dose-dependent and time-dependent calvarial culture and in vitro assays confirmed that calvarial osteoblasts and osteoblast-like MC3T3 cells were relatively radioresistant, whereas calvarial osteocyte and osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cell apoptosis was induced as early as 48 hours postirradiation (4 Gy). In osteoclastogenesis assays, radiation exposure (8 Gy) stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell differentiation, and coculture of irradiated RAW264.7 cells with MLO-Y4 or murine bone marrow cells enhanced this effect. These studies highlight the multifaceted nature of radiation-induced bone loss by demonstrating direct and systemic effects on bone and its many cell types using clinically relevant doses; they have important implications for bone health in patients treated with radiation therapy. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Spatiotemporal Analyses of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis via Intravital Imaging in Cranial Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Huang Chunlan , Ness Vincent P , Yang Xiaochuan , Chen Hongli , Luo Jiebo , Brown Edward B , Zhang Xinping 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two integrated components in bone repair and regeneration. A deeper understanding of osteogenesis and angiogenesis has been hampered by technical difficulties of analyzing bone and neovasculature simultaneously in spatiotemporal scales and in 3D formats. To overcome these barriers, a cranial defect window chamber model was established that enabled high-resolution, longitudinal, and real-time tracking of angiogenesis and bone defect healing via multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM). By simultaneously probing new bone matrix via second harmonic generation (SHG), neovascular networks via intravenous perfusion of fluorophore, and osteoblast differentiation via 2.3-kb collagen type I promoter-driven GFP (Col2.3GFP), we examined the morphogenetic sequence of cranial bone defect healing and further established the spatiotemporal analyses of osteogenesis and angiogenesis coupling in repair and regeneration. We showed that bone defect closure was initiated in the residual bone around the edge of the defect. The expansion and migration of osteoprogenitors into the bone defect occurred during the first 3 weeks of healing, coupled with vigorous microvessel angiogenesis at the leading edge of the defect. Subsequent bone repair was marked by matrix deposition and active vascular network remodeling within new bone. Implantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from Col2.3GFP mice further showed that donor-dependent bone formation occurred rapidly within the first 3 weeks of implantation, in concert with early angiogenesis. The subsequent bone wound closure was largely host-dependent, associated with localized modest induction of angiogenesis. The establishment of a live imaging platform via cranial window provides a unique tool to understand osteogenesis and angiogenesis in repair and regeneration, enabling further elucidation of the spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms of osteoprogenitor cell interactions with host bone healing microenvironment. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Anti-Osteoanabolic Function of Sclerostin Is Blunted in Mice Carrying a High Bone Mass Mutation of Lrp5
Authors: Yorgan Timur A , Peters Stephanie , Jeschke Anke , Benisch Peggy , Jakob Franz , Amling Michael , Schinke Thorsten 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Activating mutations of the putative Wnt co-receptor Lrp5 or inactivating mutations of the secreted molecule Sclerostin cause excessive bone formation in mice and humans. Previous studies have suggested that Sclerostin functions as an Lrp5 antagonist, yet clear in vivo evidence was still missing, and alternative mechanisms have been discussed. Moreover, because osteoblast-specific inactivation of β-catenin, the major intracellular mediator of canonical Wnt signaling, primarily affected bone resorption, it remained questionable, whether Sclerostin truly acts as a Wnt signaling antagonist by interacting with Lrp5. In an attempt to address this relevant question, we generated a mouse model (Col1a1-Sost) with transgenic overexpression of Sclerostin under the control of a 2.3-kb Col1a1 promoter fragment. These mice displayed the expected low bone mass phenotype as a consequence of reduced bone formation. The Col1a1-Sost mice were then crossed with two mouse lines carrying different high bone mass mutations of Lrp5 (Lrp5A170V and Lrp5G213V), both of them potentially interfering with Sclerostin binding. Using µCT-scanning and histomorphometry we found that the anti-osteoanabolic influence of Sclerostin overexpression was not observed in Lrp5A213V/A213V mice and strongly reduced in Lrp5A170V/A170V mice. As a control we applied the same strategy with mice overexpressing the transmembrane Wnt signaling antagonist Krm2 and found that the anti-osteoanabolic influence of the Col1a1-Krm2 transgene was not affected by either of the Lrp5 mutations. Taken together, our data support the concept that Sclerostin inhibits bone formation through Lrp5 interaction, yet their physiological relevance remains to be established. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Photolytic determination of charge state for large proteins and fragments in an ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Lyon Yana A. , Julian Ryan R. 
Published: January 2015

RationaleOne of the major shortcomings of linear ion trap mass spectrometers is poor resolution. Failure to resolve isotopic peaks makes charge state determination for large proteins very difficult, hindering the ability to perform top‐down proteomics.MethodsPeptides, proteins and corresponding fragments modified with para‐iodobenzoate were trapped and irradiated with 266 nm light from an Nd:YAG laser. Loss of iodine due to photodissociation was then used to assign charge states by measuring the corresponding m/z shifts.ResultsInitial experiments on small peptides illustrate the feasibility of the method. Further studies performed on larger proteins in higher charge states yielded similar results, revealing that fragment ions over a significant mass range either remain in or are quickly cooled to the laser overlap region of the ion trap.ConclusionsRapid charge state assignment for both whole molecules and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) fragments can be obtained by photoactivation of chromophores with labile carbon–iodine bonds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging and identification of endogenous peptides from rat pituitary embedded in egg yolk
Authors: Sosnowski Piotr , Zera Tymoteusz , Wilenska Beata , Szczepanska‐Sadowska Ewa , Misicka Aleksandra 
Published: January 2015

RationaleMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can provide accurate data containing the spatial distribution of endogenous peptides in tissue sections without previous treatment. One of the key issues in analyzing small samples is establishing a proper technique for mounting and manipulating collected tissue in order to avoid contamination of the sample with optimal cutting temperature (OCT) resin.MethodsWe present a method for embedding rat pituitary tissue in a frozen egg yolk block, which enables its further imaging in experiments on a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometer with time‐of‐flight (TOF) analyzer. Embedding the sample in the egg yolk prevents contamination from the OCT resin, which decreases MALDI signal quality.ResultsIn the present study we detected numerous m/z peaks related to endogenous peptides. We identified fifteen peptides and their post‐translational modifications by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) directly on tissue sections of the hypophysis posterior and intermediate lobes; among these peptides were vasopressin, oxytocin, copeptin, melanocyte‐stimulating hormones and beta‐endorphin. We also showed that egg yolk itself does not affect localization of peptides in the pituitary.ConclusionsEgg yolk embedding enables preparation of tissue sections from small tissue fragments to organs such as the pituitary gland, which is suitable for localization and identification of endogenous peptides by the MALDI‐MSI and MALDI‐MS/MS techniques. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urban Economies and Spatial Governmentalities in the World Heritage City of Antigua, Guatemala
Authors: Little Walter E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAs one of 725 UNESCO World Heritage Properties, Antigua, Guatemala, is subject to local international regulations related to building codes and how streets and public places are occupied. These regulations are discussed within the theoretical framework of spatial governmentality to explore that relationship between governance and Maya street vendors' economic practices. I situate the scholarly discussion of spatial governmentality within a specific economic context by highlighting how street economies are affected by what Foucault calls the “era of ‘governmentality,’” especially in an ethnographic context. In this article, I argue that horizontal and vertical forms of governmentality affect the economic practices of street vendors within Antigua's sociopolitically constructed spaces. Understanding how spatial governmentalities work in a particular place helps explain why street economies persist and why new ones emerge. In Antigua's case, a new mobile form of street vending emerged because of newly implemented municipal regulations and policing priorities.
A Model Socialist Steel Town Enters the Neoliberal Age: The Changing Political Economy of Nowa Huta, Poland
Authors: Pozniak Kinga 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article examines how changing political and economic ideologies and projects—first socialism, then neoliberal capitalism—were worked out in a Polish industrial town called Nowa Huta. Nowa Huta was initially built after World War II as a town that would embody the socialist state's goals of industrialization, urbanization, and the creation of a working class. Following the collapse of the socialist government in 1989 and the ensuing market reforms, Nowa Huta experienced deindustrialization, privatization of state enterprise, unemployment, and decay of urban infrastructure. The article traces how this changing political economy was worked out in the cityscape and in the relationship between place, work, and community. It argues that the case of Nowa Huta allows us to see how global processes, such as industrialization and deindustrialization, and the changing organization of economy and work, are domesticated in local places and in relation to local politics and histories.
Enrichment of Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Facilitates Transduction for Stem Cell Gene Therapy
Authors: Baldwin Kismet , Urbinati Fabrizia , Romero Zulema , Campo-Fernandez Beatriz , Kaufman Michael L. , Cooper Aaron R. , Masiuk Katelyn , Hollis Roger P. , Kohn Donald B. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy for sickle cell disease has the potential to treat this illness without the major immunological complications associated with allogeneic transplantation. However, transduction efficiency by β-globin lentiviral vectors using CD34-enriched cell populations is suboptimal and large vector production batches may be needed for clinical trials. Transducing a cell population more enriched for HSC could greatly reduce vector needs and, potentially, increase transduction efficiency. CD34+/CD38− cells, comprising ∼1%–3% of all CD34+ cells, were isolated from healthy cord blood CD34+ cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing an antisickling form of beta-globin (CCL-βAS3-FB). Isolated CD34+/CD38− cells were able to generate progeny over an extended period of long-term culture (LTC) compared to the CD34+ cells and required up to 40-fold less vector for transduction compared to bulk CD34+ preparations containing an equivalent number of CD34+/CD38− cells. Transduction of isolated CD34+/CD38− cells was comparable to CD34+ cells measured by quantitative PCR at day 14 with reduced vector needs, and average vector copy/cell remained higher over time for LTC initiated from CD34+/38− cells. Following in vitro erythroid differentiation, HBBAS3 mRNA expression was similar in cultures derived from CD34+/CD38− cells or unfractionated CD34+ cells. In vivo studies showed equivalent engraftment of transduced CD34+/CD38− cells when transplanted in competition with 100-fold more CD34+/CD38+ cells. This work provides initial evidence for the beneficial effects from isolating human CD34+/CD38− cells to use significantly less vector and potentially improve transduction for HSC gene therapy. Stem Cells 2015;33:1532–1542