bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and isolation of immature neurons of the adult mouse piriform cortex
Authors: Rubio A. , Belles M. , Belenguer G. , Vidueira S. , Fariñas I. , Nacher J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPhysiological studies indicate that the piriform or primary olfactory cortex of adult mammals exhibits a high degree of synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, a subpopulation of cells in the layer II of the adult piriform cortex expresses neurodevelopmental markers, such as the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) or doublecortin (DCX). This study analyzes the nature, origin, and potential function of these poorly understood cells in mice. As previously described in rats, most of the PSA‐NCAM expressing cells in layer II could be morphologically classified as tangled cells and only a small proportion of larger cells could be considered semilunar‐pyramidal transitional neurons. Most were also immunoreactive for DCX, confirming their immature nature. In agreement with this, detection of PSA‐NCAM combined with that of different cell lineage‐specific antigens revealed that most PSA‐NCAM positive cells did not co‐express markers of glial cells or mature neurons. Their time of origin was evaluated by birthdating experiments with halogenated nucleosides performed at different developmental stages and in adulthood. We found that virtually all cells in this paleocortical region, including PSA‐NCAM‐positive cells, are born during fetal development. In addition, proliferation analyses in adult mice revealed that very few cells were cycling in layer II of the piriform cortex and that none of them was PSA‐NCAM‐positive. Moreover, we have established conditions to isolate and culture these immature neurons in the adult piriform cortex layer II. We find that although they can survive under certain conditions, they do not proliferate in vitro either. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 748–763, 2016
Furyl‐Substituted Mixed Phosphonium–Iodonium Ylides in the Synthesis of Annelated P‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Matveeva Elena D. , Vinogradov Dmitrii S. , Podrugina Tatyana A. , Nekipelova Tatiana D. , Mironov Andrey V. , Gleiter Rolf , Zefirov Nikolay S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhotochemical reactions between stabilized furyl‐substituted phosphonium–iodonium ylides and terminal acetylenes led to the formation of new P‐containing heterocyclic compounds. For the heterocyclization of 2‐furyl‐substituted ylides, we observed an unprecedented electrophilic ipso attack onto the α position of the furan ring in a carbocationic intermediate, leading – via a spiro intermediate – to the rearranged product with a 2,3‐shift in the furan ring.
Developing Wind‐Concentrator Systems for the Use of Wind Turbines in Areas with Low Wind‐Speed Potentials
Authors: Vardar Ali , Eker Bülent , Kurtulmuş Ferhat , Taşkın Onur 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ability to supply energy in rural areas and in agricultural plants with renewable energy technologies, especially wind energy, is advantageous in terms of a sustainable environment and the increasing cost of energy. Today, wind turbines are used actively in many areas, some of which are for commercial purposes. Small‐scale wind turbines that produce electricity directly have the necessary characteristics for use in agricultural plants. In this study, wind‐concentrator systems for small‐scale wind turbines that can be used in agricultural electrification applications have been designed for geographical areas where the wind‐speed potential is low. Three different concentrator systems have been designed to make use of low wind‐speed potentials and obtain high power values with relatively small rotor diameters. The three different designs have been produced as prototypes, and power values of 324–503 W m−2 (at 5 m s−1 wind speed) can be obtained by concentrating the wind. The efficiency, power, energy production capacity, and economic elements of the models were determined, and the possible results for agricultural plants have been assessed. According to these assessments, the efficiency values are 71 and 90 % for wind speed and 410 and 600 % for wind power. The energy production capacities are a maximum of 6462, 5193, and 8226 kWh m−2 per year for the conical wind‐concentrator system, the wind‐concentrator system with a panel, and the wind‐concentrator system without a panel, respectively. If the energy production cost per unit of these systems is considered, these systems are not economical. Therefore, these systems must be produced on a large scale to become economical, and their size must be enlarged to reduce the cost. Consequently, the potential power values per unit area and the potential energy values per unit produced by the wind‐concentrator systems will contribute to the production of more energy than that achieved by current wind turbines.
Differences in the calcification of preosteoblast cultured on sputter‐deposited titanium, zirconium, and gold
Authors: Chen Peng , Nagai Akiko , Tsutsumi Yusuke , Ashida Maki , Doi Hisashi , Hanawa Takao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this study, osteogenic differentiation and calcification of preosteoblast (MC3T3‐E1) cultured on sputter‐deposited titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and gold (Au) on cover glasses were evaluated to understand the differences in bone formation ability among these three metals; these metals show the same high corrosion resistance, but Ti and Zr are covered by surface passive oxide film while Au is not covered by the oxide film. Ti and Zr promoted cellular proliferation without osteogenic differentiation. Cells cultured on Ti and Zr expressed higher levels of Runx2, Col1α1, and Akp2 at an earlier stage, which indicated faster promotion of osteogenic differentiation, as compared to those cultured on Au. Moreover, after 21 days of culture, the Bglap1 and Ifitm5 expression peaks in cells cultured on Ti and Zr were higher than those in cells cultured on Au, which indicated faster promotion of calcification. Cells cultured on Ti showed an advantage in osteogenic differentiation at an early stage, while cells on Zr showed better calcification promotion with a long‐term culture. The amount of extracellular calcified deposits was in good agreement with the gene expression results. On the other hand, the intracellular calcium content of cells on Au specimens was higher than that of cells on Ti and Zr specimens. The results indicate that preosteoblasts on Ti and Zr showed faster osteogenic differentiation and calcification than those on Au, whereas Au improved the intracellular calcium content. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 639–651, 2016.
Mesorectal pathologic assessment in two grades predicts accurately recurrence, positive circumferential margin, and correlates with survival
Authors: Lino‐Silva Leonardo S. , García‐Gómez Miguel A. , Aguilar‐Romero José M. , Domínguez‐Rodríguez Jorge A. , Salcedo‐Hernández Rosa A. , Loaeza‐Belmont Reynaldo , Ruiz‐García Erika B. , Herrera‐Gómez Ángel 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prognostic value of the mesorectum quality assessed in a two‐grade system compared with a classic system.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer were included (n = 103). Mesorectum was assessed into three grades (classic system: complete, nearly complete, incomplete) and compared with a two‐grade system (adequate, inadequate).ResultsMesorectum was complete in 62 (60.25%) patients, nearly complete in 21, and incomplete in 20. Reassessment showed adequate mesorectum in 83 (80.5%) patients and inadequate in 20. A R0 resection was achieved in 90.4% of adequate mesorectum and in 65% of inadequate mesorectum (P = 0.006). Recurrence was present in 18% of adequate mesorectum patients as compared with 50% of inadequate mesorectum (P = 0.003). The classic system failed to accurately predict the 5‐year survival rate between complete (78.9%) and nearly complete (86.2%) categories (P = 0.235); whereas a two grading system showed a 5‐year survival rate of 80.8% for adequate versus 39.3% for inadequate (P = 0.034).ConclusionHigh recurrence occurred in inadecuate mesorectum patients and was correlated with R1/R2 resections, positive margins, and decreased survival. We propose a simplified classification of mesorectum that correlates with survival and overall recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:900–906. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can perioperative acupuncture reduce the pain and vomiting experienced after tonsillectomy? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cho Hye Kyung , Park In Joon , Jeong Yeon Min , Lee Yeon Ji , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesAcupuncture has been shown to reduce pain, nausea, and vomiting. However, its use alongside surgical interventions remains a novel practice, despite the increasing applications of alternative medicine. The goal of this meta‐analysis was to perform a systematic review of the literature addressing the effect of acupuncture on postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting following tonsillectomy.Data SourcesMEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane database.MethodsTwo authors independently searched the databases from the inception of article collection until June 2015. We included 1) analysis studies that compared groups of patients who had received perioperative acupuncture (acupuncture groups) with those who had received a pain control agent or sham treatment (control group); and 2) analysis studies in which the outcomes of interest were postoperative pain intensity, rescue analgesic consumption, or nausea and vomiting.ResultsThe pain score reported by patients during the first 48 hours and the postoperative need for analgesics were significantly lower in the acupuncture group versus the control group. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the control group. No major adverse effects of perioperative acupuncture were reported in the enrolled studies.ConclusionPerioperative acupuncture may provide pain relief without side effects in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. However, there were high levels of heterogeneity in several of the measured parameters; thus, the efficacy of acupuncture cannot be considered to have been evaluated sufficiently. For this reason, additional large well‐designed trials are required to further support the results of this study.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:608–615, 2016
Snail‐like Particles from Compartmentalized Microfibers
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Park Tae‐Hong , Lee Kyung Jin , Lahann Joerg 
Published: October 2015

Electrohydrodynamic cojetting has been employed to synthesize compartmentalized microfibers from thermally responsive hydrogels. The synthesis of the hydrogels as well as their transformation into compartmentalized microcylinders is discussed. After programmable shape‐shifting, snail‐like particles are obtained that undergo functional and structural reconfiguration in response to a change in temperature.
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In vivo wideband multifrequency MR elastography of the human brain and liver
Authors: Dittmann Florian , Hirsch Sebastian , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Guo Jing , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo wideband MR elastography (wMRE) using continuous, time‐harmonic shear vibrations in the frequency range of 10–50 Hz.Theory and MethodsThe method was tested in a gel phantom with marked mechanical loss. The brains and livers of eight volunteers were scanned by wMRE using multislice, single‐shot MRE with optimized fractional encoding and synchronization of sequence acquisition to vibration. Multifrequency three‐dimensional inversion was used to reconstruct compound maps of magnitude |G*| and phase φ of the complex shear modulus. A new phase estimation, φ*, was developed to avoid systematic bias due to noise.ResultsIn the phantom, G*‐dispersion measured by wMRE agreed well with oscillatory shear rheometry. |G*| and φ* measured at vibrations of 10–25 HZ, 25–35 HZ, and 40–50 HZ were 0.62 ± 0.08, 1.56 ± 0.16, 2.18 ± 0.20 kPa and 0.09 ± 0.17, 0.39 ± 0.16, 0.20 ± 0.13 rad in brain and 0.89 ± 0.11, 1.67 ± 0.20, 2.27 ± 0.35 kPa and 0.15 ± 0.10, 0.24 ± 0.05, 0.26 ± 0.05 rad in liver. Elastograms including all frequencies showed the best resolution of anatomical detail with |G*| = 1.38 ± 0.12 kPa, φ* = 0.24 ± 0.10 rad (brain) and |G*| = 1.79 ± 0.23 kPa, φ* = 0.24 ± 0.05 rad (liver).ConclusionwMRE reveals highly dispersive G* properties of the brain and liver, and our results suggest that the influence of large‐scale structures such as fluid‐filled vessels and sulci on the MRE‐measured parameters increases at low vibration frequencies. Magn Reson Med 76:1116–1126, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality of Life Assessment in Retinoblastoma: A Cross‐Sectional Study of 122 Survivors from India
Authors: Batra Atul , Kumari Mamta , Paul Reeja , Patekar Mukesh , Dhawan Deepa , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundWith current modalities, cure rates of retinoblastoma are high and hence the number of survivors is increasing. However, data on quality of life (QOL) are minimal.ProcedureWe analyzed QOL in 122 retinoblastoma survivors using the PedsQLTM 4.0 generic core scale. The self‐reported questionnaire was filled by children of more than 5 years of age who had completed treatment for more than 12 months. The questionnaire consists of 23 questions on physical, social, emotional, and school domains on a scale from 0 to 4. This was converted to a scale from 0 to 100, where higher values represented better QOL. The QOL was compared with 50 siblings. Factors predicting the QOL were assessed.ResultsThe median age of retinoblastoma survivors was 98 months (range 60–247) and 68% were males. Overall QOL was significantly poorer in retinoblastoma survivors as compared with the controls. The emotional health domain of QOL was significantly affected. Difficulties in maintaining friendships and competing were reported in the social health domain. The school health domain showed significantly higher absenteeism. However, the physical health domain, including household work, exercise, and self‐care, was similar in both the groups. Lower age at diagnosis (≤18 months) predicted better QOL (P = 0.05), whereas age at assessment, sex, IRSS stage, and previous surgery and radiotherapy were not predictive of poor QOL.ConclusionsWe found a significantly poorer QOL in retinoblastoma survivors with the psychosocial health domain being more affected than the physical domain. Age less than 18 months at diagnosis predicted better QOL.
Organic electrochemical transistors based on PEDOT with different anionic polyelectrolyte dopants
Authors: Inal Sahika , Rivnay Jonathan , Hofmann Anna I. , Uguz Ilke , Mumtaz Muhammad , Katsigiannopoulos Dimitrios , Brochon Cyril , Cloutet Eric , Hadziioannou Georges , Malliaras George G. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTRecent applications of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) in bioelectronics motivate the search for new materials with mixed electronic and ionic conductivity. We investigate the characteristics of a series of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)‐based materials with a new class of anionic polyelectrolytes used as dopants and stabilizers, replacing the traditionally used poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS). We show that the backbone of the polyanion plays a major role in determining device performance, while its molecular weight and the counter ion used during PEDOT synthesis play a less important role. We find that transconductance increases with the degree of swelling of the film, consistent with enhanced ion transport. Finally, we identify a polymer that offers performance close to the state‐of‐the‐art. This work highlights the importance of the polyanion phase as a means to control OECT performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 147–151
Medieval Wales
Authors: Carr A. D. 
Published: October 2015

This volume examines the main themes in Welsh history from the coming of the Normans in the eleventh century and their impact on Welsh society and politics to the fall of the Duke of Buckingham, the last great marcher magnate, in 1521. It also looks at the part played by the leaders of the native Welsh community in the years after the conquest of 1282–3. This is one of the less familiar aspects of the medieval history of the British Isles, but one in which there has been an increasing interest in recent years
Wales lost its independence in 1282. Owain Glyn Dŵr led a revolt in the early fifteenth century. Henry Tudor was of Welsh descent and landed in Milford Haven in 1485. These are the most familiar facts about the History of Medieval Wales, and today this history is often presented as nothing more than a romantic story of princes and castles. But there is a great deal more to it. Like every other nation, Wales has a history and identity of its own, and Edward I did not bring that history to an end. Unlike England it was not conquered by the Normans. In the thirteenth century the native princess of Gwynedd tried to create a single Welsh principality, and for a short time came close to success. The fourteenth century was much a period of crisis for Wales as for every other part of Europe and the effect of the Black Death lasted a long time. The fifteenth century saw the leaders of the community move on to a wider political stage.
Why did conquest come in 1282? Who was Owain Glyn Dŵr and why did he rebel? Why was Henry Tudor's bid for power based in Wales and what gave him credibility there? Dr Carr considers these questions and suggests some possible answers as he examines one of the less familiar areas of British History.
Development of a subjective cognitive decline questionnaire using item response theory: A pilot study
Authors: Gifford Katherine A. , Liu Dandan , Romano Raymond R. , Jones Richard N. , Jefferson Angela L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) may indicate unhealthy cognitive changes, but no standardized SCD measurement exists. This pilot study aimed to identify reliable SCD questions.MethodsA total of 112 cognitively normal (NC; 76 ± 8 years; 63% female), 43 mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 77 ± 7 years; 51% female), and 33 diagnostically ambiguous participants (79 ± 9 years; 58% female) were recruited from a research registry and completed 57 self‐report SCD questions. Psychometric methods were used for item reduction.ResultsFactor analytic models assessed unidimensionality of the latent trait (SCD); 19 items were removed with extreme response distribution or trait‐fit. Item response theory (IRT) provided information about question utility; 17 items with low information were dropped. Post hoc simulation using computerized adaptive test (CAT) modeling selected the most commonly used items (n = 9 of 21 items) that represented the latent trait well (r = 0.94) and differentiated NC from MCI participants (F [1, 146] = 8.9, P = .003).DiscussionIRT and CAT modeling identified nine reliable SCD items. This pilot study is a first step toward refining SCD assessment in older adults. Replication of these findings and validation with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers will be an important next step for the creation of a SCD screener.
Should I stay, or should I go? – How fund dynamics influence venture capital exit decisions
Authors: Bock Carolin , Schmidt Maximilian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe investigate the determinants of venture capital (VC) exit behavior after the lockup expiry in initial public offerings (IPOs) by considering insights from prospect theory and behavioral finance for the first time. Hereby, the paper concentrates on the under‐researched relationship between fund managers and the limited partners investing in these funds. The results from a proprietary dataset of 292 U.S. VC‐backed IPOs from 1991 to 2008 imply that VC firm characteristics and fund dynamics have a significant influence on the exit extent after the lockup expiry and may not always be in line with limited partners' interests, hinting at the relevance of behavior grounded in prospect theory. In particular, first‐time funds keep their shares longer after an IPO, whereas funds satisfied with current fund performance cash out soon after the end of the lockup period.
Colgajo microquirúrgico de músculo gracilis para cobertura de palma y dorso de mano tras revascularización
Authors: García-Bernal F.J. , Zayas P. , Regalado J. , Julb C. 
Published: October 2015

Presentamos el caso de un varón de 28 años de edad que sufrió el atrapamiento y la avulsión cutánea de la palma y dorso de la mano izquierda con arrancamiento de todos los pedículos vasculo-nerviosos a la altura del canal carpiano. Presentaba una fractura metafisaria de la falange proximal del quinto dedo, fractura diafisaria del tercer metacarpiano y avulsión de la piel del pulgar a la altura de la articulación trapeciometacarpiana. Las fracturas se fijaron con agujas. Tras la revascularización del pulgar y reparación microquirúrgica de los pedículos avulsionados, el 5.° dedo y la piel de la palma y del dorso, evolucionaron a la necrosis. Una semana después se realizó el desbridamiento de la necrosis y la cobertura con un colgajo microvascular de músculo gracilis, anastomosado a la arteria cubital termino-lateralmente. Cinco días después el colgajo se cubrió con un injerto de piel de espesor parcial.El postoperatorio trascurrió sin complicaciones. El paciente comenzó la rehabilitación a la 4.a semana tras revascularización. 28 meses tras la intervención presenta un rango de movimiento de los dedos trifalángicos y muñeca completos, rigidez en pulgar (IF 30°-90°, MCF 20-60°). La sensibilidad era de 20 mm en el test de discriminación a los dos puntos en los dedos trifalángicos y, anestesia en el pulgar. La fuerza de prensa era del 79,6% (43 kg/54 kg) respecto a la mano sana.El colgajo microquirúrgico del músculo gracilis constituye una excelente opción para cobertura en mano, al permitir el deslizamiento de los tendones. Además, mediante el uso de presoterapia, se consigue un excelente resultado estético, en un único tiempo, muy superior al conseguido con colgajos fasciocutáneos.
Nueva técnica supinadora para la deformidad en pronación del antebrazo
Authors: Rotella J.M. , Rotella P. , Escobedo A. , Herrera J.M. , Rotella M. , Rotella C.I. 
Published: October 2015

El síndrome espático es una encefalopatía no progresiva con alteraciones motoras, sensitivas e intelectuales. La deformidad en pronación afecta el uso de la extremidad al coger y manipular objetos. El tener la mano en pronación y no poder llevar objetos a la vista influye negativamente en el aprendizaje.En este trabajo se presenta una nueva técnica supinadora en la que se transfiere el pronador redondo a un hemitendón del braquiorradial que mantiene su inserción en el radio.La indicación para su realización es un paciente con hemiparesia espástica, con el antebrazo en pronación marcada, muñeca en extensión y pulgar en flexión y aducción. Es imprescindible que el paciente mantenga una aceptable función de prensión y no presente contracturas ni rigideces articulares.