bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrier lifetimes in green emitting InGaN/GaN disks‐in‐nanowire and characteristics of green light emitting diodes
Authors: Jahangir Shafat , Banerjee Animesh , Bhattacharya Pallab 
Published: January 2013

AbstractImprovement in the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of InGaN/GaN disks‐in‐nanowires by surface passivation is demonstrated. The highest IQE achieved through surface passivation for green emitting (λ=540 nm) InGaN/GaN disks‐in‐nanowires is ∼53%. Radiative and nonradiative carrier lifetimes are calculated for as‐grown and surface passivated green emitting disks‐in‐nanowires. Passivated green sample exhibits a room temperature radiative lifetime of ∼748 ps, which is much smaller than that of equivalent quantum wells. Electroluminescence measurements on passivated green light emitting diodes containing InGaN disks demonstrate no roll over or efficiency droop up to 375 A/cm2, and exhibit a blue‐shift of 7 nm in peak wavelength. An enhancement in the light output due to surface passivation is observable in the relative external quantum efficiency of the surface passivated devices as compared with the as‐grown samples. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An analytic solution for linear gravity waves in a channel as a test for numerical models using the non‐hydrostatic, compressible Euler equations
Authors: Baldauf Michael , Brdar Slavko 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA slightly modified version of the idealized test set‐up used by Skamarock and Klemp is proposed: the quasi linear two‐dimensional expansion of sound and gravity waves in a flat channel induced by a weak warm bubble. For this test case an exact analytic solution of the linearized compressible, non‐hydrostatic Euler equations for a shallow atmosphere has been derived. This solution can be used as a benchmark to assess compressible, non‐hydrostatic dynamical cores which are the basis for many of today's, and probably most of the future, atmospheric models. Comparisons and convergence studies of two quite differently designed numerical limited‐area simulation models, COSMO and DUNE, against this analytic solution are performed.
Tailor‐Made Micro‐Object Optical Sensor Based on Mesoporous Pellets for Visual Monitoring and Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from Aqueous Media
Authors: El‐Safty Sherif A. , Shenashen M. A. , Shahat A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMethods for the continuous monitoring and removal of ultra‐trace levels of toxic inorganic species (e.g., mercury, copper, and cadmium ions) from aqueous media such as drinking water and biological fluids are essential. In this paper, the design and engineering of a simple, pH‐dependent, micro‐object optical sensor is described based on mesoporous aluminosilica pellets with an adsorbed dressing receptor (a porphyrinic chelating ligand). This tailor‐made optical sensor permits ultra‐fast (≤ 60 s), specific, pH‐dependent visualization and removal of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ at sub‐picomolar concentrations (∼10−11 mol dm−3) from aqueous media, including drinking water and a suspension of red blood cells. The acidic active acid sites of the pellets consist of heteroatoms arranged around uniformly shaped pores in 3D nanoscale gyroidal mesostructures densely coated with the chelating ligand. The sensor can be used in batch mode, as well as in a flow‐through system in which sampling, target ion recognition and removal, and analysis are integrated in a highly automated and efficient manner. Because the pellets exhibit long‐term stability, reproducibility, and versatility over a number of analysis/regeneration cycles, they can be expected to be useful for the fabrication of inexpensive sensor devices for naked‐eye detection of toxic pollutants.
Vibration Method to Detect Liquid–Solid Fraction and Final Solidifying End for Continuous Casting Slab
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng , Wang Xudong , Liu Fubin , Yao Man , Zhang Xiaobing , Yang Longsheng , Lu Hongzhou , Wang Xiong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAccurate measurement of liquid–solid fraction of casting slab in the secondary cooling zone and precise prediction of final solidifying end of casting slab have momentous significances for internal defects improvement of continuous casting slabs, such as the segregation and shrinkage porosity etc. However, the on‐line detection of slab solidification processing and final solidifying end haven't accomplished, which have been acknowledged as metallurgy problem all over the world. The paper presents a novel method, which called vibration method, to detect the liquid fraction and locate the final solidifying end of continuous casting slab. A physical simulation device using the materials of organic glass and water has been set up according to the similarity theory. Basing on theoretical deduction, physical experiment and numerical simulation, the research results provide guidance and reference for the on‐line detection of liquid–solid fraction and final solidifying end of the slab.
Cross‐cultural epistemological orientations to socioscientific issues
Authors: Zeidler Dana L. , Herman Benjamin C. , Ruzek Mitch , Linder Anne , Lin Shu‐Sheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine, from a cross‐cultural perspective, students' epistemological patterns of reasoning about socioscientific issues (SSI), and to identify potential interactions of cultural and scientific identity. Mediating factors associated with students' argumentation and discourse about SSI, as well as the public's understanding of science, has been identified as an important area of investigation in the field of science education. This mixed‐methods design included over 300 students from Jamaica, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United States. Students responded to instruments designed to assess their epistemological conceptualizations and justifications related to distributive justice, allocation of scarce medical resources, and epistemological beliefs over five dimensions related to scientific knowledge. Four iterations of a coding scheme produced over 97% inter‐rater agreement for four independent coders. Results indicate there is a consistent trend toward epistemological congruity across cultures within inductively derived themes of: (1) Fairness; (2) Pragmatism; (3) Emotive Reasoning; (4) Utility; and (5) Theological Issues. Moreover, there were no discernable differences in terms of how students from these countries presented their beliefs on the sub‐categories of each of the five major categories. It appears that students displayed a high degree of congruence with respect to how they frame their reasoning on this SSI as well as their justifications for their epistemological beliefs. There were statistically significant differences regarding the ability to raise scientifically relevant questions among countries. Commonalities as well as distinguishing characteristics in epistemological orientations are compared and contrasted and connections to a model of socioscientific reasoning with implications for research and pedagogy are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:251–283, 2013
Biparietal diameter at 11–13 weeks' gestation in fetuses with open spina bifida
Authors: Khalil A. , Coates A. , Papageorghiou A. , Bhide A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo ascertain the reported association between reduced biparietal diameter (BPD) at 11–13 weeks' gestation and open spina bifida and to investigate its predictive value in a single‐center study.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of fetuses in which BPD was measured at 11–13 weeks' gestation, including 27 fetuses with isolated open spina bifida subsequently diagnosed at 16–24 weeks and 7775 unaffected controls. BPD values were converted into multiples of the expected median (MoM) after adjustment for crown–rump length and maternal characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the maternal characteristics significantly associated with spina bifida. The performance of screening was determined by receiver–operating characteristics curve analysis. BPD values at 11–13 weeks' gestation were compared with those measured in the second trimester using Z‐scores.ResultsBPD values at 11–13 weeks' gestation were below the 5th centile in 44.4% of cases of open spina bifida. In these fetuses, the median BPD MoM value was significantly smaller than that in the control group (0.930 vs 0.998 MoM; P < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant contribution from maternal age (P = 0.008) and BMI (P = 0.028) to the association between BPD MoM and spina bifida. The detection rate using BPD measurements in the first trimester was 55.6% with a false‐positive rate of 11.6%. In fetuses with open spina bifida, the BPD Z‐scores were significantly lower at 16–24 weeks compared to those recorded at 11–13 weeks (median, –1.71 (range, –3.98 to –0.20) vs –1.30 (–3.75 to 2.61); P = 0.006).ConclusionFetuses with open spina bifida have a smaller BPD in the first trimester. This observation may be useful in early screening. It is likely that a combination of maternal characteristics such as age and BMI, fetal BPD and maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein measured in the first trimester would provide a clinically useful screening test for open spina bifida. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Heavy metal tolerance in the psychrotolerant Cryptococcus sp. isolated from deep‐sea sediments of the Central Indian Basin
Authors: Singh Purnima , Raghukumar Chandralata , Parvatkar Rajesh Ramnath , Mascarenhas‐Pereira M. B. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA deep‐sea isolate of the psychrotolerant yeast Cryptococcus sp. (NIOCC#PY13) obtained from polymetallic nodule‐bearing sediments of the Central Indian Basin was examined for its capacity to grow in the presence of various concentrations of the heavy metal salts i.e., ZnSO4, CuSO4, Pb(CH3COO)2 and CdCl2. It demonstrated considerable growth in the presence of 100 mg/l concentrations of the above‐mentioned four heavy metal salts both at 30°C and 15°C. This strain tolerated comparatively higher levels of these four metal salts than other deep‐sea and terrestrial yeast isolates belonging to Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium and Sporidiobolus spp. Optimum pH for growth of this isolate was in the range of 6–8 in the presence of heavy metal salts at these two temperatures. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies exhibited altered cell surface morphology of the cells under the influence of heavy metals compared to that with control. The adsorption of heavy metals to the cells was demonstrated by FTIR and EDAX analysis. As evidenced by atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis, about 30–90% of the heavy metals were removed from the culture supernatant after 4 days of growth at 30°C. This deep‐sea yeast isolate appears to be a potential candidate for bioremediation of metal‐contaminated sites. Moreover, its metal tolerance properties provide a significant insight into its ecological role and adaptations to growth in such extreme conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postnatal Development of Echolocation Abilities in a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Temporal Organization
Authors: Favaro Livio , Gnone Guido , Pessani Daniela 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn spite of all the information available on adult bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) biosonar, the ontogeny of its echolocation abilities has been investigated very little. Earlier studies have reported that neonatal dolphins can produce both whistles and burst‐pulsed sounds just after birth and that early‐pulsed sounds are probably a precursor of echolocation click trains. The aim of this research is to investigate the development of echolocation signals in a captive calf, born in the facilities of the Acquario di Genova. A set of 81 impulsive sounds were collected from birth to the seventh postnatal week and six additional echolocation click trains were recorded when the dolphin was 1 year old. Moreover, behavioral observations, concurring with sound production, were carried out by means of a video camera. For each sound we measured five acoustic parameters: click train duration (CTD), number of clicks per train, minimum, maximum, and mean click repetition rate (CRR). CTD and number of clicks per train were found to increase with age. Maximum and mean CRR followed a decreasing trend with dolphin growth starting from the second postnatal week. The calf's first head scanning movement was recorded 21 days after birth. Our data suggest that in the bottlenose dolphin the early postnatal weeks are essential for the development of echolocation abilities and that the temporal features of the echolocation click trains remain relatively stable from the seventh postnatal week up to the first year of life. Zoo Biol. xx:xx–xx, 2012. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Zoo Biol. 32:210–215, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: Outcomes in 513 Patients
Authors: Asoglu Oktar , Balik Emre , Kunduz Enver , Yamaner Sumer , Akyuz Ali , Gulluoglu Mine , Kapran Yersu , Bugra Dursun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundFew reports have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic resection in patients with rectal cancer (RC). The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic resection for RC, with an emphasis on perioperative variables and long‐term oncological outcomes.MethodsThis prospective study was carried out between January 2005 and September 2010 and included 513 patients diagnosed with RC who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Patients with locally advanced RC (cT3/cT4 or N+) received neoadjuvant treatment. Adjuvant treatment was applied to patients with stage II/III disease or according to the neoadjuvant protocol. All patients were followed‐up prospectively for the evaluation of complications and oncological outcome. Survival rate analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsSphincter‐preserving surgery was performed on 389 patients, and the remaining 124 patients underwent abdominoperineal resection. Perioperative mortality occurred in only one patient (0.2 %), and 27 (5.3 %) intraoperative complications were recorded. The most common postoperative complication was anastomotic leakage (5.5 %). The conversion rate was 6.4 %. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 23.6 ± 13. The mean distance to the distal margin was 2.6 ± 1.9 (0–7) cm. Distal margin positivity was detected in 9 (1.7 %) patients. The circumferential margin was positive in 39 (7.6 %) cases. After a median follow‐up period of 30 (1–78) months, recurrence occurred in a total of 59 patients (11.5 %). Local recurrence was detected in 16 patients (3.1 %), and both local and distant recurrence was found in 7 patients (1.4 %). Distant recurrence only was detected in 43 patients (8.4 %). The overall 5‐year survival rate was 84 %, and the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 77.4 %. The local recurrence‐free survival rate was 98.4 % at 2 years, 95.7 % at 3 years, and 94.3 % at 5 years.ConclusionsOur results, together with the review of the literature, clearly demonstrate that laparoscopic resection for RC is a feasible method at specialized high‐volume centers. The long‐term outcomes are at least as good as those from open surgery as long as the principles of oncologic surgery are respected and faithfully performed.
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and low mitochondrial membrane potential are specific for Barth syndrome
Authors: Karkucinska‐Wieckowska Agnieszka , Trubicka Joanna , Werner Bozena , Kokoszynska Katarzyna , Pajdowska Magdalena , Pronicki Maciej , Czarnowska Elzbieta , Lebiedzinska Magdalena , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Ziolkowska Lidia , Jaron Weronika , Dobrzanska Anna , Ciara Elzbieta , Wieckowski Mariusz R. , Pronicka Ewa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBarth syndrome (BTHS) is an X‐linked mitochondrial defect characterised by dilated cardiomyopathy, neutropaenia and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria (3‐MGCA). We report on two affected brothers with c.646G > A (p.G216R) TAZ gene mutations. The pathogenicity of the mutation, as indicated by the structure‐based functional analyses, was further confirmed by abnormal monolysocardiolipin/cardiolipin ratio in dry blood spots of the patients as well as the occurrence of this mutation in another reported BTHS proband. In both brothers, 2D‐echocardiography revealed some features of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) despite marked differences in the course of the disease; the eldest child presented with isolated cardiomyopathy from late infancy, whereas the youngest showed severe lactic acidosis without 3‐MGCA during the neonatal period. An examination of the patients’ fibroblast cultures revealed that extremely low mitochondrial membrane potentials (mtΔΨ about 50 % of the control value) dominated other unspecific mitochondrial changes detected (respiratory chain dysfunction, abnormal ROS production and depressed antioxidant defense). 1) Our studies confirm generalised mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle and the fibroblasts of BTHS patients, especially a severe impairment in the mtΔΨ and the inhibition of complex V activity. It can be hypothesised that impaired mtΔΨ and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity may contribute to episodes of cardiac arrhythmia that occurred unexpectedly in BTHS patients. 2) Severe lactic acidosis without 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria in male neonates as well as an asymptomatic mild left ventricular noncompaction may characterise the ranges of natural history of Barth syndrome.
Antioxidant Activity of Sesamol in Soybean Oil Under Frying Conditions
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Bakota Erica L. , Berhow Mark A. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAntioxidant activity of sesamol was investigated in soybean oil using a miniaturized frying experiment with potato cubes fried at 180 °C. Oxidation of soybean oil was determined by gel permeation chromatography for polymerized triacylglycerols and by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy for reactions at reactive sites of soybean oil molecules including olefinic, bisallylic and allylic protons during frying. Sesamol showed lower antioxidant activity than 0.02 % (w/w) tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) at the same molar concentration. Higher concentrations of sesamol provided better antioxidant effects indicating that no prooxidant activity occurred. Sesamol in this frying test showed better results than 0.02 % TBHQ when the concentration was as high as 0.66 % by weight. An HPLC experiment showed that the concentration of sesamol decreased sharply during frying. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that sesamol is highly volatile and easily oxidizes when exposed to air. To overcome this problem, two multiple addition methods were evaluated in which sesamol was added portion by portion every hour. The multiple additions of divided portions of 0.66 % (w/w) sesamol maintained the concentration of sesamol at the minimum of 0.04–0.06 % throughout the frying process and showed improved antioxidant activity compared to one single addition of 0.66 % sesamol at the beginning of frying. One of the multiple addition methods showed 28, 18, 59, and 27 % less polymerized triacylglycerols and losses of olefinic, bisallylic and allylic protons, respectively, than 0.02 % TBHQ after 8‐h frying. This study shows that sesamol can be used as an alternative for synthetic antioxidants for frying oil.
Partially failing ALT flap salvaged using its own distal run‐off vessel
Authors: Chang Kao‐Ping , Lai Chung‐Sheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis case report presents salvage of a partially failing anterolateral thigh flap. A 37‐year‐old male, a victim of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, received tumor ablation and a chimeric anterolateral thigh skin and vastus lateralis muscle flap reconstruction. Before ligation of pedicle, both skin and muscle portions had robust blood supply; however, only the vastus lateralis muscular component remained revascularized rather than the skin paddle with some underlying muscle 30 minutes after patent microanastomosis with recipient vessel. The skin paddle flap was then salvaged by perfusion from a new anastomosis between the distal run‐off of the pedicle artery and the perforator artery of this skin flap. From this experience, we recommend to preserve longer distal run‐off of the pedicle in chimeric anterolateral thigh flap harvest for necessary “self‐revascularization” in similar cases.
Influence of the Reynolds number on the vortical structures in the logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Herpin Sophie , Stanislas Michel , Foucaut Jean Marc , Coudert Sebastien 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNear-wall turbulence is a subject of prime importance for turbulence modelling. Coherent structures were hypothesized early by Theodorsen in this flow region and have been the subject of intensive research ever since. The overall organization of these coherent structures has now been well assessed. Vortical structures appear to play a key role in this organization. Their characteristics and scaling have been studied by many authors as listed in the Introduction. The present contribution to the subject relies on high-resolution stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) to study these structures. High-quality measurements are performed in a thick turbulent boundary layer at different values of the Reynolds number. The data quality is first assessed by comparing the statistics to those of hot-wire anemometry and direct numerical simulation data. The agreement between the two appears satisfactory. The PIV data are then processed in order to extract the vortex characteristics in a streamwise plane and in a spanwise plane. The statistical characteristics of these vortices are analysed in detail as a function of wall distance. The scaling of the data appears to be universal when the Kolmogorov scales are used. These results are analysed and discussed in terms of their probability density functions. This leads to a question regarding the Kolmogorov cascade in this region of the flow.
Bound-state formation in interfacial turbulence: direct numerical simulations and theory
Authors: Pradas M. , Kalliadasis S. , Nguyen P.-K. , Bontozoglou V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe examine pulse interaction and bound-state formation in interfacial turbulence using the problem of a falling liquid film as a model system. We perform direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the full Navier–Stokes equations and associated wall and free-surface boundary conditions and we examine both analytically and numerically a low-dimensional (LD) model for the film. For a two-pulse system, DNSs reveal the existence of very rich and complex pulse interactions, characterized by either overdamped, underdamped or self-sustained oscillating behaviours, all of them found to be in excellent agreement with LD results. Having demonstrated the reliability of the LD model for two-pulse systems/smaller domains, we use it to investigate larger domains with many interacting pulses, where DNSs are computationally expensive. We demonstrate that such systems are likely to be dominated by a self-sustained oscillatory dynamics.
Turbulent drag reduction using fluid spheres
Authors: Gillissen J. J. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUsing direct numerical simulations of turbulent Couette flow, we predict drag reduction in suspensions of neutrally buoyant fluid spheres, of diameter larger than the Kolmogorov length scale. The velocity fluctuations are enhanced in the streamwise direction, and reduced in the cross-stream directions, which is similar to the more studied case of drag reduction using polymers. Despite these similarities, the drag reduction mechanism is found to originate in the logarithmic region, while the buffer region contributes to a slight drag increase, which is opposite to polymer-induced drag reduction. Another striking difference is the reduction of the turbulent energy at the large scales and an enhancement at the small scales.