bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid receptor regulates accurate chromosome segregation and is associated with malignancy
Authors: Matthews Laura C. , Berry Andrew A. , Morgan David J. , Poolman Toryn M. , Bauer Kerstin , Kramer Frederike , Spiller David G. , Richardson Rachel V. , Chapman Karen E. , Farrow Stuart N. , Norman Michael R. , Williamson Andrew J. K. , Whetton Anthony D. , Taylor Stephen S. , Tuckermann Jan P. , White Michael R. H. , Ray David W. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
We have discovered a role for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in coordinating cell division. We find enrichment of GR to mitotic spindles and demonstrate that GR knockdown causes accumulation of mitotic defects, including delayed anaphase, ternary chromosome segregation, and death in mitosis. Mitotic GR function requires the ligand-binding domain but not ligand binding, revealing a nontranscriptional and ligand-independent mechanism of action. Analysis of GR haploinsufficient cells and tissues reveals increased aneuploidy and DNA damage, and mice show an increased incidence of tumors in vivo, with further GR loss within those incident tumors. We also identify reduced GR expression in several common human cancers, thereby implicating GR as a novel tumor suppressor gene.
Compromised peroxisomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a vicious cycle inducing a higher fibrotic response via TGF-β signaling
Authors: Oruqaj Gani , Karnati Srikanth , Vijayan Vijith , Kotarkonda Lakshmi Kanth , Boateng Eistine , Zhang Wenming , Ruppert Clemens , Günther Andreas , Shi Wei , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline 
Published: April 2015

Significance
This study enhances the knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To date, there is no information available on the role of peroxisomes in lung fibrosis. In our study we demonstrate that peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism is compromised in tissue samples as well as in fibroblasts of IPF patients and in bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model. Moreover, RNAi-mediated knockdown of peroxisomal biogenesis leads to a profibrotic response in control and IPF fibroblasts suggesting that the reduction of peroxisomal function in IPF would contribute to the profibrotic phenotype of this devastating disease. Our work opens a new field of research in the area of lung fibrosis and might lead to novel treatment strategies against IPF by modulating the peroxisomal compartment.
Metallic lead nanospheres discovered in ancient zircons
Authors: Kusiak Monika A. , Dunkley Daniel J. , Wirth Richard , Whitehouse Martin J. , Wilde Simon A. , Marquardt Katharina 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Metallic lead nanospheres have been discovered in ancient (>3.4 Ga) zircon grains from an Archean (2.5 Ga) high-grade metamorphic terrain in East Antarctica. Native Pb is present as 5–30 nm nanospheres, commonly in association with an amorphous silica-rich phase, along with titanium and aluminium-bearing phases. Together, these phases form nanoinclusions generated during the recovery of crystallinity in radiation-damaged zircon under high-grade metamorphic conditions. Once formed, the entrapment of nanospheres in annealed zircon effectively arrests Pb loss, explaining why zircon that has experienced such extreme conditions is not completely reset to its metamorphic age. The heterogeneous distribution of Pb can, however, affect isotopic measurement by microbeam techniques, leading to spurious age estimates. Metallic Pb is extremely rare in nature and has never previously been observed in high temperature rocks.
Cortical activity is more stable when sensory stimuli are consciously perceived
Authors: Schurger Aaron , Sarigiannidis Ioannis , Naccache Lionel , Sitt Jacobo D. , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Recently, a reduction in the variability of neural activity across trials has been proposed as a general property of sensory perception. However, in order for this increased reliability in the neuronal response to be relevant for perception it must be present at the single-trial level. Here we show that the within-trial stability of the activity evoked by a threshold-level visual stimulus is a reliable and specific indicator of whether or not the stimulus was reported as “seen.” This within-trial difference in stability coincides in time with a difference in variability across trials. We also show that the same neural stability can be used to discriminate the conscious state of brain-injured patients. These findings validate the relevance of transient neural stability for conscious perception.
Adaptive evolution toward larger size in mammals
Authors: Baker Joanna , Meade Andrew , Pagel Mark , Venditti Chris 
Published: April 2015

Significance
There is a long-held notion that bigger body sizes are intrinsically advantageous. We demonstrate an overwhelming tendency for rapid morphological change to lead to larger body size in 10 of the 11 largest mammal orders, suggesting that mammals have consistently evolved toward larger size, most likely as a response to selection pressure. These results are the first evidence, to our knowledge, from extant taxa that are compatible with the pattern of increasing body size through time observed in the mammalian fossil record. By accommodating variation in the rate of evolution into studies of size change, we demonstrate that it is possible to detect and reconstruct accurate historical evolutionary processes by taking advantage of the wealth of data available from extant species.
Time-dependent sequestration of RVE8 by LNK proteins shapes the diurnal oscillation of anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Pérez-García Pablo , Ma Yuan , Yanovsky Marcelo J. , Mas Paloma 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The circadian clock plays a crucial role controlling a wide variety of physiologic and metabolic processes in plants. However, the components and mechanisms involved in such regulation remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that a protein complex composed of the clock components REVEILLE8/LHY-CCA1-LIKE5 (RVE8/LCL5) and the NIGHT LIGHT–INDUCIBLE AND CLOCK-REGULATED (LNK) proteins has a dual regulatory function. The complex acts as a repressor of the clock-controlled anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway at midday but it switches to an activating function in the control of evening-expressed clock genes. The interaction with LNKs impedes RVE8 binding to the promoters of the anthocyanin genes but not to the clock genes, which provides a mechanism by which LNKs antagonize RVE8 function to repress anthocyanin accumulation.
Virus decomposition provides an important contribution to benthic deep-sea ecosystem functioning
Authors: Dell’Anno Antonio , Corinaldesi Cinzia , Danovaro Roberto 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Viruses proliferate at the expense of their hosts. After cell death the released viruses can infect other hosts or undergo decomposition processes. Here we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that in deep-sea ecosystems, the largest biome of the biosphere, approximately 25% of viruses released by lysed prokaryotic cells are decomposed at fast rates. We show that, given the huge viral biomass of the ocean seafloor and the high rates of this process, virus decomposition provides a major source of labile organic compounds able to sustain the microbial food webs and nutrient cycling at a global scale. These findings provide new insights that will enable a better understanding of the functioning of the global oceans.
Effective and lesion-free cutaneous influenza vaccination
Authors: Wang Ji , Li Bo , Wu Mei X. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Skin is more potent than muscle for vaccination, but it is not yet a common site for immunization, in part owing to relatively high rates of pain and skin irritation and difficulty of administration. We resolve this dilemma by delivering vaccines into many micropores in the skin, which constrains vaccine-induced inflammation, leading to fast healing and lesion-free. Moreover, combination of microfractional vaccine delivery with nonablative fractional laser (NAFL), not only significantly augmented vaccine efficiency but also broadened cross-protection against homologous and heterologous influenza viral infections. Cross-protective immunity is pivotal for influenza vaccines because mismatches occur frequently between vaccine viral strains and circulating viruses. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first strategy for lesion-free efficient cutaneous vaccination.
Homologous ligands accommodated by discrete conformations of a buried cavity
Authors: Merski Matthew , Fischer Marcus , Balius Trent E. , Eidam Oliv , Shoichet Brian K. 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceMany medicinal chemistry programs change ligands incrementally to explore protein binding and to optimize binding affinity. How a protein accommodates such a growing ligand series has received remarkably little structural attention. Here we investigate eight congeneric ligands that grow by single-methylene additions, determining their protein-bound structures by X-ray crystallography, to investigate how a protein accommodates these changes. Rather than changing conformation smoothly to complement the ever-larger ligands, the protein site adopts a few discrete conformations as it expands. Inspection of the few other homologous series in the Protein Data Bank suggests that such discrete conformational adaptations to ligand binding are common, and may be an important consideration in ligand design.
Studies on formation, control and application of biofilm formed by food related microorganisms
Authors: Furukawa Soichi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Biofilms are sessile microbial aggregates on the interfaces, and they were usually considered as microbial contamination sources in medical care and various industries. We studied the control and application of biofilms formed by food-related microorganisms, and mechanism of the biofilm formation was also investigated. We studied the biofilm formation in mixed cultures using various combinations of two strains of food-related microorganisms. There were various microorganisms that showed decreased or increased biofilm formation in the mixed culture in comparison with that in a single culture. Biofilm formed by lactic acid bacteria and yeast isolated from traditional fermented food, Fukuyama pot vinegar, exhibited unique feature in that structure and formation mechanism, and expected to be used as an immobilized microorganism in fermentation production. Here our studies on the control and application of biofilms and the mechanisms of its formation were described.
De novotranscriptome sequencing to identify the sex-determination genes inHyriopsis schlegelii
Authors: Shi Jianwu , Hong Yijiang , Sheng Junqing , Peng Kou , Wang Junhua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study presents the first analysis of expressed transcripts in the spermary and ovary of Hyriopsis schlegelii (H. schlegelii). A total of 132,055 unigenes were obtained and 31,781 of these genes were annotated. In addition, 19,511 upregulated and 25,911 downregulated unigenes were identified in the spermary. Ten sex-determination genes were selected and further analyzed by real-time PCR. In addition, mammalian genes reported to govern sex-determination pathways, including Sry, Dmrt1, Dmrt2, Sox9, GATA4, and WT1 in males and Wnt4, Rspo1, Foxl2, and β-catenin in females, were also identified in H. schlegelii. These results suggest that H. schlegelii and mammals use similar gene regulatory mechanisms to control sex determination. Moreover, genes associated with dosage compensation mechanisms, such as Msl1, Msl2, and Msl3, and hermaphrodite phenotypes, such as Tra-1, Tra-2α, Tra-2β, Fem1A, Fem1B, and Fem1C, were also identified in H. schlegelii. The identification of these genes indicates that diverse regulatory mechanisms regulate sexual polymorphism in H. schlegelii.
New acylated anthocyanins from purple yam and their antioxidant activity
Authors: Moriya Chiemi , Hosoya Takahiro , Agawa Sayuri , Sugiyama Yasumasa , Kozone Ikuko , Shin-ya Kazuo , Terahara Norihiko , Kumazawa Shigenori 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.), which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, is characterized by its color and viscosity. Previous studies have shown that purple yams contain a variety of acylated anthocyanins that exhibit higher levels of antioxidant activity than the corresponding nonacylated compounds. In this study, the pigments found in purple yams from the Philippines (D. alata) were isolated and evaluated in terms of antioxidant activity. Four new acylated anthocyanins, alanins (1–4) were isolated from the MeOH extracts of purple yam, which were subsequently determined to be cyanidin (1, 2, and 4) and peonidin (3) type compounds, along with four known anthocyanins (5–8). The structures of 1–4 were determined by spectroscopic methods, including NMR and MS analyses. The antioxidant activities of anthocyanins 1–8 were investigated using oxygen radical absorbing capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays.
SDSS J013127.34–032100.1: a candidate blazar with an 11 billion solar mass black hole at z = 5.18
Authors: Ghisellini G. , Tagliaferri G. , Sbarrato T. , Gehrels N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The radio-loud quasar SDSS J013127.34–032100.1 at a redshift z = 5.18 is one of the most distant radio-loud objects. The radio to optical flux ratio (i.e. the radio-loudness) of the source is large, making it a promising blazar candidate. Its overall spectral energy distribution, completed by the X-ray flux and spectral slope derived through Target of Opportunity Swift/X-ray Telescope observations, is interpreted by a non-thermal jet plus an accretion disc and molecular torus model. We estimate that its black hole mass is (1.1 ± 0.2) × 1010 M⊙ for an accretion efficiency η = 0.08, scaling roughly linearly with η. Although there is a factor ≳2 of systematic uncertainty, this black hole mass is the largest found at these redshifts. We derive a viewing angle between 3 and 5 deg. This implies that there must be other (hundreds) sources with the same black hole mass of SDSS J013127.34–032100.1, but whose jets are pointing away from Earth. We discuss the problems posed by the existence of such large black hole masses at such redshifts, especially in jetted quasars. In fact, if they are associated with rapidly spinning black holes, the accretion efficiency is high, implying a slower pace of black hole growth with respect to radio-quiet quasars.
Should social care staff be Facebook friends with the people they support?
Authors: Bates Peter , Smith Sam , Nisbet Robert 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Local policies often prohibit care staff from online contact with the people they support. The purpose of this paper is to review the reasons put forward for this ban and seek explanations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper examines relevant literature on the use of social networking by disabled and nondisabled people. This paper offers a critique of common policies and justifications and poses a challenge to those who impose such regulations.

Findings
– The paper finds no support for current policies.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors found only a limited amount of research in this area, and research findings were not commonly utilised by policy makers.

Practical implications
– Policy makers and regulators need to take a more rigorous and person-centred approach to rule making in respect of social media.

Social implications
– A widespread ban on the use of social media in communications between staff and the people they support is exposed as paternalistic and exacerbating infantilisation and exclusion rather than seeing disabled people as digital citizens. Regulators and those with responsibilities for safeguarding need to adopt a more empowering and person-centred approach.

Originality/value
– This paper will only make a difference if regulators and those with responsibilities for safeguarding adopt a more empowering and person-centred approach rather than the fear-based blanket prohibitions that have applied to date.
Development of a culture sensitive prevalence study on older adults violence: qualitative methods contribution
Authors: Gil Ana Paula , Santos Ana João , Kislaya Irina 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on how qualitative approaches can improve a prevalence study on older adults’ violence. The paper describes how qualitative data can help frame a complex and multidimensional problem, such as older adults’ violence, within the culture where it happens and therefore prevent two risks present in prevalence studies: underestimation and overestimation.

Design/methodology/approach
– To adequately measure violence and violent behaviours the authors first conducted four focus groups with the target population – older adults aged 60 and over – and 13 in-depth interviews with older adult victims of violence. Through content analysis of focus groups and in-depth interviews the authors sought to understand how violence is perceived, defined and limited by the general population and by victims.

Findings
– By employing qualitative methods the authors were able to operationalise violence, decide upon and select specific behaviours to measure, rephrase questions and develop strategies to approach the general population through telephone interviews.

Research limitations/implications
– The qualitative approaches helped reduce participants bias in the prevalence study and therefore to minimise the risks of underestimation and overestimation.

Originality/value
– The study exemplifies how assessing quantitatively to a sensitive subject requires taking into account the perspective of the target population through a qualitative approach.
Finding the win-win
Authors: Wilson Liz 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider critical improvements that need to be made to the volunteer tourism industry with regard to risks to both service users and volunteers. Following an exploration of why these issues are so hard to resolve, recommendations are made for next steps forward.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses a case example of the project from which the author is a Director: Supporting Kids In Peru and draws on her additional practice experience as a child protection social worker.

Findings
– The paper provides a summary of observations to encourage and support practice improvements within the volunteer tourism industry to better safeguard both volunteers and vulnerable people they may be working with.

Practical implications
– A number of clear recommendations are made, including sharing information, improving communication and setting minimum standards, to improve the overall professionalism of the industry.

Originality/value
– The paper provides an insightful practitioner perspective to an aspect of the tourism industry that bridges directly into social services, something which it has had little time to prepare for and has seen dramatic growth in the past few years.
Wildlife and conservation volunteering
Authors: Lynch Peter 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to outline the stages involved in developing an audit to determine the best wildlife and conservation organization to volunteer with.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper outlines details of the analysis and assessment of 53 organizations based on nine core criteria. The framework developed for this purpose also provides a tool that could be used to assess other organizations.

Findings
– Publication of the Wildlife and Conservation Volunteering Guide has given volunteers a resource that enables them to make informed decisions about which organization to volunteer with and to enable the featured organizations to reflect on their own relative attractiveness to volunteers.

Originality/value
– The viewpoint highlights several unintended consequences of an audit and demonstrates that published audit criteria prompt organizations to instigate changes.
Is certification the answer to creating a more sustainable volunteer tourism sector?
Authors: Rattan Jasveen K 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to provide a background and offer insights of the use of ecolabels and certifications within the tourism industry and their applicability within the volunteer tourism sector.Design/methodology/approach– This study utilizes a comprehensive literature review on tourism ecolabels and certification and presents a discussion about volunteer tourism certification.Findings– The paper finds that it is apparent that changes need to be made in the overall practices of operators within the volunteer tourism sector. Guidelines and evaluation techniques are useful, but are not guaranteed in their applicability. However, neither is certification, unless it is monitored and accountable to its stakeholders. Creating a certification that has real world and tangible aspects for its consumers and subscribers would be more useful than one that is very theoretically dense. It is evident that certification can be used as a powerful tool in the quest to attain sustainability, and should not be ignored as a possible solution for the volunteer tourism sector.Originality/value– This paper provides a comprehensive discussion on volunteer tourism certification and the extent to which a certification scheme would aid in alleviating current criticisms of the volunteer tourism sector and increase its social responsibility.
INITIAT‐E.D.: Impact of timing of INITIation of Antibiotic Therapy on mortality of patients presenting to an Emergency Department with sepsis
Authors: Wisdom Alice , Eaton Vaughn , Gordon David , Daniel Santhosh , Woodman Richard , Phillips Cameron 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the association between time from triage to administration of initial antibiotics and mortality in all patients presenting with sepsis to a tertiary hospital ED.MethodsA retrospective review of patients presenting to the ED with sepsis from January to December 2012 was conducted at Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia. Outcome measures were: time elapsed from triage to administration of initial antibiotic therapy and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 220 patients presented with sepsis, comprising 102 cases of uncomplicated sepsis and 118 severe sepsis. The median time to antibiotic administration was 3.5 h (interquartile range [IQR] 1.7–6.6) and in‐hospital mortality was 28.6% (95% CI 22.6–34.6%). There was no association observed between delays to antibiotics and mortality in the total patient population. When stratified by presenting severity, patients with severe sepsis demonstrated a trend towards increased mortality when delays to antibiotics exceeded 6 h from triage (HR = 2.25, 95% CI 0.91–5.59, P = 0.08) in comparison with <1 h. Significant delays to antibiotic administration occurred when initial agents were charted as a ‘regular medicine’ (9.4 h, IQR 5.1–16.6) in comparison with a ‘once only order’ (3.4 h, IQR 1.7–6.7), P < 0.001.ConclusionsEarly administration of antibiotics specifically in patients with severe sepsis might be beneficial. Further studies within the ED are warranted to establish the effect of delayed antibiotics in a generalised sepsis cohort.