bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residents-as-Teachers Publications: What Can Programs Learn From the Literature When Starting a New or Refining an Established Curriculum?
Authors: Bree Kelly K. , Whicker Shari A. , Fromme H. Barrett , Paik Steve , Greenberg Larrie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundTeaching residents how to teach is a critical part of resident education because residents are often the major teachers of medical students. The importance of formal residents-as-teachers (RAT) curricula has been emphasized throughout the literature, yet not all residency programs have such a curriculum in place.ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to (1) review the medical education literature for established RAT curricula, (2) assess published curricula's reproducibility, (3) evaluate the type of outcomes achieved using the Kirkpatrick model of evaluation, and (4) identify curricula that training programs could feasibly adopt.MethodsWe performed a literature review using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Embase. Key search words included residents, residents as teachers, teaching, internship and residency, and curriculum. In addition, a search of MedEdPORTAL was performed using the same key terms. Articles were evaluated based on the reproducibility of curricula and the assessment tools. Evaluation of educational outcomes was performed using the Kirkpatrick model.ResultsThirty-nine articles were deemed appropriate for review. Interventions and evaluation techniques varied greatly. Only 1 article from the literature was deemed to have both curricula and assessments that would be fully reproducible by other programs.ConclusionsA literature review on RAT curricula found few articles that would be easily reproduced for residency programs that want to start or improve their own RAT curricula. It also demonstrated the difficulty and lack of rigorous outcome measurements for most curricula.
Ultrasonography and Color Doppler in the Differential Diagnosis of Periapical Cyst and Granuloma
Authors: Arora Vimal , Tiwari Brijesh , Krishnan Manu , Popli Manju , Iyer Satish R 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesThough ultrasonography and color Doppler are well established diagnostic techniques in medical sciences, it is not so popular in dentistry. Aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and color Doppler in periapical cysts and granulomas in the anterior region of the jaws.Materials and MethodsThirty patients aged between 30 and 50 years with periapical lesions in anterior teeth were selected and consented for ultrasonography and color Doppler examinations. Shape, boundary, echo intensity, echo pattern, acoustic enhancement and vascularity of the periapical lesions and adjacent tissues were studied. After endodontic filling, lesions were enucleated and histopathology was done. Ultrasonographic/color Doppler findings and histopathology were statistically evaluated with Chi-square tests at p < 0.001. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of the method were then determined.ResultsNoninfected cysts showed as anechoic areas while infected cysts appeared as hypoechoic. Vascular hypoechoic areas proved to be periapical granulomas. Periapical infected and noninfected cysts maintained 100% correlation with histopathology, while periapical granuloma had only 70% relation due to thick overlying cortical bones. It implied an accuracy of 90% for this method with overall positive and negative predictive values of 86.96% and 100% respectively.ConclusionThe study demonstrated efficacy of USG in combination with color Doppler as a safe, noninvasive option to diagnose solid/cystic periapical lesions. However, it also highlighted the need for further investigations in resolving diagnostic issues of periapical lesions covered with thick cortical bones.How to cite this articleTiwari B, Krishnan M, Popli M, Iyer SR, Arora V. Ultrasonography and Color Doppler in the Differential Diagnosis of Periapical Cyst and Granuloma. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):17-21.
Dental Hand for Rural Population: Teledentistry
Authors: Jain Ankita , Bhaskar Dara John , Gupta Devanand , Agali Chandan , Mark Ruhi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo know any alternate method for the provision of dental needs for the rural population.IntroductionTeledentistry is an upcoming field in dentistry that combines telecommunication technology and dental care. It is an exciting field that has endless potential. Teledentistry increased patient access to dental care, improved quality of care and the cost effectiveness. Teledentistry is also useful in long-distance clinical training and continuing education, screening and dentistlaboratory communication.Materials and MethodsThis review article is formulated based on the available literature online. A thorough search was made on the pubmed and other reliable sources and then this review is formed.ConclusionTeledentistry may provide a possible solution to many prevailing problems related to dental care provision, like people living in rural areas and those who are not able to retrieve regular dental care. The future of teledentistry will depend on the efforts of the health authorities as on the collective efforts of the dental professionals. Most of the dentists are unaware about teledentistry, about its goals and advantages and how to get involved into it.How to cite this articleJain A, Bhaskar Dj, Gupta D, Agali C, Gupta V, Mark R. Dental Hand for Rural Population: Teledentistry. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):27-29.
Interimplant Papilla Reconstruction
Authors: Kanagotagi Sachin , Pathak Tushar Sakal , Gupta Himani Swatantrakumar , Rajguru Sneha Anil , Padhye Ashvini Mukul , Rathod Aditi Ashok 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePink gingival esthetics, especially in the anterior teeth, has been an important success criterion in implant-supported restoration. The factor vital to the esthetic success, in the anterior maxillary implants, is the soft tissue profile, which should replicate that of the natural healthy tooth. The absence of the interimplant papilla causes an interimplant black triangle thus leading to cosmetic deformities, phonetic difficulty and food impaction. True papilla regeneration is not possible because the peri-implant soft tissue does not have the same structure as that of the periodontium and, therefore, the term ‘papilla-like’ tissue formation or ‘implant papilla’ is used. This resultant ‘implant papilla’ is the product of soft tissue depth and volume and has to be skilfully surgically created. However, reconstructing a predictable peri-implant papilla is the most complex and challenging aspect of implant dentistry. This article presents a review of various innovative surgical techniques to reconstruct interimplant papilla.How to cite this articleRajguru SA, Pathak TS, Padhye AM, Kanagotagi S, Gupta HS, Rathod AA. Interimplant Papilla Reconstruction. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):30-40.
Retrieval of Separated Instrument using Ultrasonics in a Permanent Mandibular Second Molar: A Case Report
Authors: Shenoy Vanitha , Sokhi Rithima 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTClinicians are frequently challenged by endodontically treated teeth that have obstructions, such as hard impenetrable pastes, separated instruments, silver points or posts in their root canals. Intracanal separation of endodontic instruments may hinder cleaning and shaping procedures within the root canal system, with a potential impact on the outcome of treatment. Broken instruments usually prevent access to the apex and the prognosis of teeth with broken instruments in the canals may be lower than for normal ones. The prognosis of these cases mainly depends on the preoperative condition of the periapical tissues. For these reasons, an attempt to remove broken instruments should be undertaken in every case.Ultrasonics have often been advocated for the removal of broken instruments because the ultrasonic tips or endosonic files may be used deep in the root canal system. Furthermore, the use of an ultrasonic endodontic device is not restricted by the position of the fragment in the root canal or the tooth involved. This case report elaborates on retrieval of broken instrument lodged in the coronal third of the root canal using ultrasonics and dental operating microscope.How to cite this articleSokhi R, Sumanthini MV, Shenoy V. Retrieval of Separated Instrument using Ultrasonics in a Permanent Mandibular Second Molar: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):41-45.
MicroSEQ® Salmonella spp. Detection Kit Using the Pathatrix® 10-Pooling Salmonella spp. Kit Linked Protocol Method Modification
Authors: Wall Jason , Conrad Rick , Latham Kathy , Liu Eric 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Real-time PCR methods for detecting foodborne pathogens offer the advantages of simplicity and quick time to results compared to traditional culture methods. The addition of a recirculating pooled immunomagnetic separation method prior to real-time PCR analysis increases processing output while reducing bothcost and labor. This AOAC Research Institute method modification study validates the MicroSEQ®Salmonella spp. Detection Kit [AOAC Performance Tested Method(PTM) 031001] linked with the Pathatrix® 10-Pooling Salmonella spp. Kit (AOAC PTM 090203C) in diced tomatoes, chocolate, and deli ham. The Pathatrix 10-Pooling protocol represents a method modification of the enrichment portion of the MicroSEQ Salmonella spp. protocol. The results of the method modification were compared to standard cultural reference methods for diced tomatoes, chocolate, and deli ham. All threematrixes were analyzed in a paired study design. An additional set of chocolate test portions was analyzed using an alternative enrichment medium in an unpaired study design. For all matrixes tested, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of positive test portions detected by the modified candidate method compared to the appropriate reference method. The MicroSEQ Salmonella spp. protocol linked with the Pathatrix individual or 10-Pooling procedure demonstrated reliabilityas a rapid, simplified, method for the preparation of samples and subsequent detection of Salmonella in diced tomatoes, chocolate, and deliham.
Single-Laboratory Validation of a Method for the Determination of Select Volatile Organic Compounds in Foods by Using Vacuum Distillation with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Nyman Patricia J , Limm William , Begley Timothy H , Chirtel Stuart J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Recent studies showed that headspace and purge and trap methods have limitations when used to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in foods, including matrix effects and artifact formation from precursors present in the sample matrix or from thermal decomposition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 8261A liberates VOCs from the sample matrix by using vacuum distillation at room temperature. Themethod was modified and validated for the determination of furan, chloroform, benzene, trichloroethene, toluene, and sytrene in infant formula, canned tuna (in water), peanut butter, and an orange beverage (orange-flavored noncarbonated beverage). The validation studies showed that the LOQ values ranged from 0.05 ng/g toluene in infant formula to 5.10 ng/g toluene in peanut butter. Fortified recoveries were determined at the first, second, and third standard additions, and concentrations ranged from 0.07 to 6.9 ng/g. When quantified by the method of standard additions, the recoveries ranged from 56 to 218% at the first standard addition and 89 to 117% at the third. The validated method was used to conduct a survey of the targeted VOCs in 18 foods. The amounts found ranged from none detected to 73.8 ng/g furan in sweet potato baby food.
Evaluation of the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Salmonella species Assay
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Clark, Jr Dorn , Radcliff Roy , Leon-Velarde Carlos , Larson Nathan , Dave Keron , Evans Katharine , Crabtree David , Hughes Annette , Simpson Helen , Holopainen Jani , Wickstrand Nina , Kauppinen Mikko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Salmonella species Assay is a new real-time PCR assay for the detection of Salmonellae in food and environmental samples. This validation study was conducted using the AOAC Research Institute (RI) Performance Tested MethodsSM program to validate the SureTect Salmonella species Assay incomparison to the reference method detailed in International Organization for Standardization 6579:2002 in a variety of food matrixes, namely, raw ground beef, raw chicken breast, raw ground pork, fresh bagged lettuce, pork frankfurters, nonfat dried milk powder, cooked peeled shrimp, pasteurized liquid whole egg, ready-to-eat meal containing beef, and stainlesssteel surface samples. With the exception of liquid whole egg and fresh bagged lettuce, which were tested in-house, all matrixes were tested by Marshfield Food Safety, Marshfield, WI, on behalf of Thermo Fisher Scientific. In addition, three matrixes (pork frankfurters, lettuce, and stainless steel surface samples) were analyzed independently as part of the AOAC-RI-controlled laboratory study by the University of Guelph, Canada. No significant difference by probability of detection or McNemars Chi-squared statistical analysis was found between the candidate or reference methods for any of the food matrixes or environmental surface samples tested during the validation study. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing was conducted with 117 and 36 isolates, respectively, which demonstrated that the SureTect Salmonella species Assay was able to detect all the major groups of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (e.g., Typhimurium) and the less common subspecies of S. enterica (e.g., arizoniae) and the rarely encountered S. bongori. None of the exclusivity isolates analyzed were detected by the SureTect Salmonella species Assay. Ruggedness testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of the assay with specific method deviations outside of the recommended parameters open to variation (enrichment time and temperature, and lysis temperature), which demonstrated that the assay gave reliable performance. Accelerated stability testing was additionally conducted, validating the assay shelf life.
Development and Utilization of a Fluorescence-Based Receptor-Binding Assay for the Site 5 Voltage-Sensitive Sodium Channel Ligands Brevetoxin and Ciguatoxin
Authors: McCall Jennifer R , Jacocks Henry M , Niven Susan C , Poli Mark A , Baden Daniel G , Bourdelais Andrea J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Brevetoxins are a family of ladder-frame polyether toxins produced during blooms of the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Consumption of fish exposed to K. brevis blooms can lead to the development of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. The toxic effects of brevetoxins are due to activation of voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs) in cell membranes. Binding of toxins has historically been measured using a radioligand competition assay that is fraught with difficulty. In thisstudy, we developed a novel fluorescence-based binding assay for the brevetoxin receptor. Several fluorophores were conjugated to polyether brevetoxin-2 andused as the labeled ligand. Brevetoxin analogs were able to compete for binding with the fluorescent ligands. This assay was qualified against the standard radioligand receptor assay for the brevetoxin receptor. Furthermore, the fluorescence-based assay was used to determine relative concentrations of toxins inraw extracts of K. brevis culture, and to determine ciguatoxin affinity to site 5 of VSSCs. The fluorescence-based assay was quicker, safer, and far less expensive. As such, this assay can beused to replace the current radioligand assay and will be a vital tool for future experiments examining the binding affinity of various ligands for site 5 on sodium channels.
Development, Comparison, and Validation Using ELISAs for the Determination of Domoic Acid in California Sea Lion Body Fluids
Authors: Seubert Erica L , Howard Meredith D A , Kudela Raphael M , Stewart Thomas N , Litaker R Wayne , Evans Richard , Caron David A 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Mortalities of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) attributed to the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia have occurred repeatedly along the U.S. west coast since the late 1990s. Quantifying the amount of DA in these animals and correlating this information with the presence of DA in phytoplankton and the local food web has become a research focus for many scientists. However, differences in materials, equipment, technical capability, budgets, and objectives of the various groups and/or agencies involved in this work have influenced the DAquantification platforms used. The goal of the present study was to compare the performance of two commercially available ELISAs for the determination of DAin a spectrum of California sea lion body fluids andto compare the results with LC/MS of the same samples. The results indicated differences among these approaches, presumably owing to matrix effects (particularly urine) and antibody reactivities. This information implies that care should be taken in attemptingto compare datasets generated using different analytical platforms and interpreting the results of published studies.
Should Publications on Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells Include In-Process Data on the Preparation of the Cells?
Authors: Reger Roxanne L. , Prockop Darwin J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
There has been great interest in research and clinical trials with the adult stem/progenitor cells referred to as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). However, there are no definitive markers for the cells and no assays that would reflect the therapeutic efficacy of the cells in vivo. There are in effect no adequate release criteria that define the quality or efficacy of the cells. The problems are compounded by the fact that a variety of different protocols has been used to isolate the cells and expand them in culture. The result is that many publications have used MSCs with different properties, frequently without the investigators being aware of the differences. As a partial solution to these problems, we have devised a simple table to record in-process data on the preparation of MSCs. We suggest that comparisons of data generated by different laboratories would be facilitated if similar in-process data, probably as supplemental materials, were included in publications using MSCs.
Association of Footprint Measurements with Plantar Kinetics
Authors: Fascione Jeanna M. , Crews Ryan T. , Wrobel James S. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe use of foot measurements to classify morphology and interpret foot function remains one of the focal concepts of lower-extremity biomechanics. However, only 27% to 55% of midfoot variance in foot pressures has been determined in the most comprehensive models. We investigated whether dynamic walking footprint measurements are associated with inter-individual foot loading variability.MethodsThirty individuals (15 men and 15 women; mean ± SD age, 27.17 ± 2.21 years) walked at a self-selected speed over an electronic pedography platform using the midgait technique. Kinetic variables (contact time, peak pressure, pressure-time integral, and force-time integral) were collected for six masked regions. Footprints were digitized for area and linear boundaries using digital photo planimetry software. Six footprint measurements were determined: contact area, footprint index, arch index, truncated arch index, Chippaux-Smirak index, and Staheli index. Linear regression analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment was performed to determine the association between the footprint measurements and each of the kinetic variables.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that a relationship exists between increased midfoot contact and increased kinetic values in respective locations. Many of these variables produced large effect sizes while describing 38% to 71% of the common variance of select plantar kinetic variables in the medial midfoot region. In addition, larger footprints were associated with larger kinetic values at the medial heel region and both masked forefoot regions.ConclusionsDynamic footprint measurements are associated with dynamic plantar loading kinetics, with emphasis on the midfoot region.
An Initial Evaluation of a Proof-of-Concept 128-Hz Electronic Tuning Fork in the Detection of Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: O'Brien Todd , Karem Joseph 
Published: April 2014

Background
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is an essential precursor leading to diabetic limb loss. Neurologic screening tests, including the 128-Hz tuning fork (TF), have long been used to identify and track the progression of DPN, thereby guiding the implementation of preventive strategies. Although a sensitive indicator of neuropathy, shortcomings of TF testing include the lack of standardization and quantification of clinical findings. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, a novel 128-Hz electronic TF (ETF) prototype has been developed that is capable of performing accurate timed vibration tests (TVTs). This study was designed to assess the ability of the ETF to detect sensory impairment compared with three established neurologic screening methods: the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, the biothesiometer, and the sharp/dull discrimination test.

Methods
Fifty-five test patients were recruited from the primary author's practice and enrolled according to an approved protocol. The 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and the sharp/dull discrimination test were administered in standard fashion to the plantar aspects of digits 1 and 5 bilaterally. The ETF and the biothesiometer (25-V setting) were applied to the dorsal aspects of the distal phalanx of the hallux and fifth metatarsal head bilaterally.

Results
The sensitivity and specificity of neuropathy detection for the ETF were 0.953 and 0.761, respectively, using conventional tests as reference standards.

Conclusions
Performance of TVTs with the ETF detected sensory impairment compared with three conventional neurologic screening methods. Given these findings, the ETF could facilitate the use of standardized TVTs as an indicator of DPN progression.
Evaluation of Wound Care and Health-Care Use Costs in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers Treated with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy versus Advanced Moist Wound Therapy
Authors: Driver Vickie R. , Blume Peter A. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundWe conducted a post-hoc retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to evaluate overall costs of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT; V.A.C. Therapy; KCI USA, Inc, San Antonio, Texas) versus advanced moist wound therapy (AMWT) in treating grade 2 and 3 diabetic foot wounds during a 12-week therapy course.MethodsData from two study arms (NPWT [n = 169] or AMWT [n = 166]) originating from Protocol VAC2001-08 were collected from patient records and used as the basis of the calculations performed in our cost analysis.ResultsA total of 324 patient records (NPWT = 162; AMWT = 162) were analyzed. There was a median wound area reduction of 85.0% from baseline in patients treated with NPWT compared to a 61.8% reduction in those treated with AMWT. The total cost for all patients, regardless of closure, was $1,941,472.07 in the NPWT group compared to $2,196,315.86 in the AMWT group. In patients who achieved complete wound closure, the mean cost per patient in the NPWT group was $10,172 compared to $9,505 in the AMWT group; the median cost per 1 cm2 of closure was $1,227 with NPWT and $1,695 with AMWT. In patients who did not achieve complete wound closure, the mean total wound care cost per patient in the NPWT group was $13,262, compared to $15,069 in the AMWT group. The median cost to close 1 cm2 in wounds that didn't heal using NPWT was $1,633, compared to $2,927 with AMWT.ConclusionsOur results show greater cost effectiveness with NPWT versus AMWT in recalcitrant wounds that didn't close during a 12-week period, due to lower expenditures on procedures and use of health-care resources.