bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PBRM1 (BAF180) protein is functionally regulated by p53‐induced protein degradation in renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Macher‐Goeppinger Stephan , Keith Martina , Tagscherer Katrin E , Singer Stephan , Winkler Juliane , Hofmann Thomas G , Pahernik Sascha , Duensing Stefan , Hohenfellner Markus , Kopitz Juergen , Schirmacher Peter , Roth Wilfried 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAbout 40% of clear‐cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) harbour mutations in Polybromo‐1 (PBRM1), encoding the BAF180 subunit of a SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex. This qualifies PBRM1 as a major cancer gene in ccRCC. The PBRM1 protein alters chromatin structure and its known functions include transcriptional regulation by controlling the accessibility of DNA and influencing p53 transcriptional activity. Since little is known about the regulation of PBRM1, we studied possible mechanisms and interaction partners involved in the regulation of PBRM1 expression. Activation of p53 in RCC cells resulted in a marked decrease of PBRM1 protein levels. This effect was abolished by siRNA‐mediated down‐regulation of p53, and transcriptional activity was not crucial for p53‐dependent PBRM1 regulation. Pulse‐chase experiments determined post‐translational protein degradation to be the underlying mechanism for p53‐dependent PBRM1 regulation, which was accordingly inhibited by proteasome inhibitors. The effects of p53 activation on PBRM1 expression were confirmed in RCC tissue ex vivo. Our results demonstrate that PBRM1 is a target of p53‐induced proteasomal protein degradation and provide further evidence for the influence of PBRM1 on p53 function in RCC tumour cells. Considering the paramount role of p53 in carcinogenesis and the presumptive impact of PBRM1 in RCC development, this novel regulation mechanism might be therapeutically exploited in the future. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen induced growth and coalescence of helium‐based defects
Authors: Vallet Maxime , Barbot Jean‐François , Donnelly Steve , Hinks Jonathan , Beaufort1 Marie‐France 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe first stages of growth of He‐based planar defects under H supply have been investigated in (001)‐oriented Si. The H atoms were introduced by implantation using the MIAMI facility. Implantations at different temperatures were conducted in the microscope chamber and thus the evolution of He‐plates under H implantation was observed in real‐time. In situ transmission electron microscopy during the subsequent annealing was also performed. Results show that the growth phenomena are governed by diffusion mechanisms. The kinetic model of Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami‐Kolmogorov was successfully applied to model the evolution of the diameters of the He‐plates either as function of the temperature of annealing or of the fluence. Isotropic coalescence of close defects occurs when the out‐of plane tensile stress reaches the yield strength. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pulsed Flow Wave Attenuation on a Regulated Montane River
Authors: Fong C. S. , Yarnell S. M. , Viers J. H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of hydrograph shape on attenuation of regulated pulsed flow events below a hydropower dam by categorizing and modelling the downstream movement of representative pulses on the upper Tuolumne River in the Sierra Nevadas of California, USA. We extracted underlying hydrograph shape patterns using principal component analysis on individual pulsed flow events released from 1988 to 2012 (n = 4439). From principal component loadings, six shape categories were determined: rectangular, front‐step, back‐step, goalpost, centred tower, and other. Attenuation of representative pulses from each shape type was then modelled using a one‐dimensional hydraulic model of 42 river km. Model results demonstrated a durational threshold for representative pulses (~3–5 h) over which the degree of attenuation of ramping rates and peak discharge approached a limit. Simulations of front and back‐step representative pulses showed trade‐offs between attenuation of peak magnitudes and steepness of rising ramping rates. Reshaping pulses to reduce the adverse ecological effects of rapid changes in stage and velocity downstream was infeasible if the system was required to maintain current electricity production and recreational service levels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac Repair With a Novel Population of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Resident in the Human Heart
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Sivakumaran Priyadharshini , Newcomb Andrew E. , Hernandez Damián , Harris Nicole , Khanabdali Ramin , Liu Guei-Sheung , Kelly Darren J. , Pébay Alice , Hewitt Alex W. , Boyle Andrew , Harvey Richard , Morrison Wayne A. , Elliott David A. , Dusting Gregory J. , Lim Shiang Y. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Cardiac resident stem cells (CRSCs) hold much promise to treat heart disease but this remains a controversial field. Here, we describe a novel population of CRSCs, which are positive for W8B2 antigen and were obtained from adult human atrial appendages. W8B2+ CRSCs exhibit a spindle-shaped morphology, are clonogenic and capable of self-renewal. W8B2+ CRSCs show high expression of mesenchymal but not hematopoietic nor endothelial markers. W8B2+ CRSCs expressed GATA4, HAND2, and TBX5, but not C-KIT, SCA-1, NKX2.5, PDGFRα, ISL1, or WT1. W8B2+ CRSCs can differentiate into cardiovascular lineages and secrete a range of cytokines implicated in angiogenesis, chemotaxis, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell growth, and survival. In vitro, conditioned medium collected from W8B2+ CRSCs displayed prosurvival, proangiogenic, and promigratory effects on endothelial cells, superior to that of other adult stem cells tested, and additionally promoted survival and proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Intramyocardial transplantation of human W8B2+ CRSCs into immunocompromised rats 1 week after myocardial infarction markedly improved cardiac function (∼40% improvement in ejection fraction) and reduced fibrotic scar tissue 4 weeks after infarction. Hearts treated with W8B2+ CRSCs showed less adverse remodeling of the left ventricle, a greater number of proliferating cardiomyocytes (Ki67+cTnT+ cells) in the remote region, higher myocardial vascular density, and greater infiltration of CD163+ cells (a marker for M2 macrophages) into the border zone and scar regions. In summary, W8B2+ CRSCs are distinct from currently known CRSCs found in human hearts, and as such may be an ideal cell source to repair myocardial damage after infarction. Stem Cells 2015;33:3100–3113
Syntheses, Structures, and Catalytic Properties of Two 2D Manganese(II) Coordination Polymers Containing Flexible Bis(benzimidazole) Ligands
Authors: Huan Dian Heng , Yu Ya Mei , Wang Sheng Chun , Dong Gui Ying 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo MnII coordination polymers based on the flexible bis(benzimidazole) and dicarboxylic acids, namely, [Mn(L1)(bpdc)(H2O)0.5]n (1) and [Mn(L2)(Htbi)2]n (2) [L1 = 1,4‐bis(5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2bpdc = 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid, L2 = 1,4‐bis(5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole)butane, H2tbi = 5‐tert‐butyl isophthalic acid] were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both of the complexes crystallize in the triclinic P$\bar{1}$ space group and present distorted octahedral configurations. Complex 1 possesses a 2D binodal (3,5)‐connected 3,5L2 network with the point symbol of (42.67.8)(42.6), whereas 2 features a 2D uninodal 3‐connected hcb topology and the Schläfli symbol is (63). Complexes 1 and 2 ultimately are extended into 3D supramolecular framework via π–π stacking and O–H···O hydrogen bonding interaction, respectively. Moreover, both of the complexes manifest excellent catalytic activities for the degradation of Congo red.
Fostering informed empathy through patient-centred education about persons with disabilities
Authors: Miller Sonya R. 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Having a disability can negatively affect provider-patient communication. Persons with disabilities report the need for better communication with their health care providers and argue that education regarding disabilities is lacking for health care professionals. We sought to determine if a patient-centred curriculum focused on individuals with disabilities could foster the development of informed empathy.
Methods An educational module to enhance health care students’ capacity for informed empathy was developed. To assess the development of informed empathy, a qualitative analysis of the post-module question, ‘How has your understanding, awareness or perception of individuals with disabilities changed?’ was performed.
Results Themes of the qualitative analysis were (a) becoming familiar with the daily life of individuals with disabilities, (b) changing notions of normalcy, (c) seeing discrimination against individuals with disabilities as an issue that impacted them, (d) recognition that disability is not only an issue of the physical body.
Conclusions Informed empathy can be effectively taught through a patient-centred curriculum focused on persons with disabilities. Health care providers are effective advocates when they understand the physical, emotional, social, and communication issues of persons with disabilities.
Are Elite Female Soccer Athletes at Risk for Disordered Eating Attitudes, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Stress Fractures?
Authors: Prather Heidi , Hunt Devyani , McKeon Kathryn , Simpson Scott , Meyer E. Blair , Yemm Ted , Brophy Robert 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of stress fractures, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating attitudes in elite female soccer athletes.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.SettingFemale soccer athletes were recruited from a national level youth soccer club, an NCAA Division I university team, and a women's professional team.ParticipantsTwo hundred twenty female soccer athletes with a mean age of 16.4 ± 4 years and BMI of 20.8 ± 2 kg/m2 completed the study, representing all athletes from the included teams.MethodsOne‐time surveys completed by the athletes.Main Outcome MeasurementsHeight and weight were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each athlete. Athletes reported age of menarche, history of missing 3 or more menses within a 12‐month period and stress fracture. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26) was used to assess the athlete's body perception and attitudes toward eating.ResultsOf the 220 soccer athletes, 3 athletes (1.6%) had a low BMI for their age, and 19 (8.6%) reported stress fractures of the lower extremity. Among athletes who had reached menarche, the average onset was 13 + 1 year; menstrual dysfunction were present in 21 (19.3%). On the EAT‐26, 1 player scored in the high risk range (>20) and 17 (7.7%) scored in the intermediate risk range (10‐19) for eating disorders. Athletes with an EAT‐26 score ≥ 10 points had a significantly higher prevalence of menstrual dysfunction in the past year compared to athletes with an EAT‐26 score of less than 10 (P = .02).ConclusionsElite female soccer athletes are susceptible to stress fractures and menstrual dysfunction and have delayed onset of menarche despite normal BMI and appropriate body perception and attitudes towards eating. Further studies are needed to better understand stress fracture risk in female soccer athletes and in other team sports to determine how these findings relate to long‐term bone health in this population.
Stakeholder Influences and Organization Responses: A Case Study of Corporate Social Responsibility Suspension
Authors: Liu Yuhuan , Feng Tianli , Li Suichuan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we use the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) suspension and provide a case study from China to show how conditions allowed shareholders to seize power and alter a firm's mission. We show that managers reacted to a change in shareholder power by changing their priorities to correlate with shareholder influences. Our dynamic model first highlights the importance of precipitating events that allowed shareholders to seize power. In response, managers rebalanced their priorities, paid more attention to the shareholders who demanded higher profits, and suspended ethical and discretionary responsibilities as a result. We further present evidence that CSR suspension subsequently harms relationships between stakeholders and threatens firm survival. We contribute to stakeholder theory by providing a dynamic model for interpreting stakeholder influences and managers’ subsequent responses. We add to corporate social responsibility studies by providing a more nuanced understanding of CSR suspension.
Simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation in a five-month-old child with Usher syndrome
Authors: Alsanosi A A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:To report a rare case of simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation in a five-month-old child with Usher syndrome.Method:Case report.Results:A five-month-old boy with Usher syndrome and congenital profound bilateral deafness underwent simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation. The decision to perform implantation in such a young child was based on his having a supportive family and the desire to foster his audiological development before his vision deteriorated. The subject experienced easily resolvable intra- and post-operative adverse events, and was first fitted with an externally worn audio processor four weeks after implantation. At 14 months of age, his audiological development was age-appropriate.Conclusion:Simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation is possible, and even advisable, in children as young as five months old when performed by an experienced implantation team.
INCAS AND ALIENS: THE TRUTH IN TELIC EGALITARIANISM
Authors: Segall Shlomi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:The paper seeks to defend Telic Egalitarianism (TE) by distinguishing two distinct categories into which typical objections to it fall. According to one category of objections (for example, levelling down) TE isgroundless. That is, there is simply no good reason to think that inequality as such is bad. The other type of objections to TE focuses on itscounterintuitiveimplications: it is forced to condemn inequalities between ourselves and long-dead Inca peasants, or between us and worse-off aliens from other planets. The paper shows that once we unpack these two types of objections to TE they become much less persuasive.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ON CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING, 2000–2014
Authors: Lahue Betsy J. , Baginska Eva , Li Sophia S. , Parisi Monika 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a review of health technology assessments (HTAs) in cervical cancer screening to highlight the most common metrics HTA agencies use to evaluate and recommend cervical cancer screening technologies.Methods: The Center for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), MedLine, and national HTA agency databases were searched using keywords (“cervical cancer screening” OR “cervical cancer” OR “cervical screening”) and “HTA” from January 2000 to October 2014. Non-English language reports without English summaries, non-HTA reports, HTAs unrelated to a screening intervention and HTAs without sufficient summaries available online were excluded. We used various National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) methods to extract key assessment criteria and to determine whether a change in screening practice was recommended.Results: One hundred and ten unique HTA reports were identified; forty-four HTAs from seventeen countries met inclusion criteria. All reports evaluated technologies for use among women. Ten cervical screening technologies were identified either as an intervention or a comparator. The most common outcome metric evaluated was diagnostic accuracy, followed by economic effectiveness. Additional outcome metrics such as the use of adjunct testing, screening intervals, and age-specific testing were commonly evaluated. Nearly one-third (fifteen of forty-four) of HTAs recommended a change in practice.Conclusions: This review highlights popular metrics used in HTAs for cervical cancer screening. Clinical and economic effectiveness metrics have been consistently assessed in HTAs, while the use of adjunct testing, screening intervals, and age-specific screening became increasingly prevalent from after 2007. Moreover, we observed an increase in optimized recommendations after 2007.
BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS INFLUENCING ETHICAL EVALUATION IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Assasi Nazila , Schwartz Lisa , Tarride Jean-Eric , O’Reilly Daria , Goeree Ron 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators influencing the integration of ethical considerations in health technology assessment (HTA).Methods: The study consisted of two complementary approaches: (a) a systematic review of the literature; and (b) an eighteen-item online survey that was distributed to fifty-six HTA agencies affiliated with the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment.Results: The review identified twenty-six relevant articles. The most often cited barriers in the literature were: scarcity, heterogeneity and complexity of ethical analysis methods; challenges in translating ethical analysis results into knowledge that is useful for decision makers; and lack of organizational support in terms of required expertise, time and financial resources. The most frequently cited facilitators included: usage of value-based appraisal methods, stakeholder and public engagement, enhancement of practice guidelines, ethical expertise, and educational interventions.Representatives of twenty-six (46.5 percent) agencies from nineteen countries completed the survey. A median of 10 percent (interquartile range, 5 percent to 50 percent) of the HTA products produced by the agencies was reported to include an assessment of ethical aspects. The most commonly perceived barriers were: limited ethical knowledge and expertise, insufficient time and resources, and difficulties in finding ethical evidence or using ethical guidelines. Educational interventions, demand by policy makers, and involvement of ethicists in HTA were the most commonly perceived facilitators.Conclusions: Our results emphasize the importance of simplification of ethics methodology and development of good practice guidelines in HTA, as well as capacity building for engaging HTA practitioners in ethical analyses.
A problem of overlap
Authors: TOOTELL ROGER B. , ECHAVARRIA CESAR , NASR SHAHIN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHere we propose that earlier-demonstrated details in the primate visual cortical map may account for an otherwise puzzling (and problematic) finding in the current human fMRI literature. Specifically, the well-known regions LO and MT(+) reportedly overlap in the human cortical visual map, when those two regions are localized using standard stimulus comparisons in conventional fMRI experiments. Here we describe evidence supporting the idea that the apparent functional overlap between LO and MT arises from a third area (the MT crescent: “MTc”), which is well known to surround posterior MT based on earlier histological, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological studies in nonhuman primates. If we assume that MTc also exists in human visual cortex, and that it has a location and functional properties intermediate to those in LO and MT, simplistic modeling confirmed that this arrangement could produce apparent overlap between localizers for LO and MT in conventional fMRI maps in human visual cortex.
Identification of a new mutant allele,Grm6nob7, for complete congenital stationary night blindness
Authors: QIAN HAOHUA , JI RUI , GREGG RONALD G. , PEACHEY NEAL S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractElectroretinogram (ERG) studies identified a new mouse line with a normal a-wave but lacking the b-wave component. The ERG phenotype of this new allele,nob7, matched closely that of mouse mutants forGrm6,Lrit3,Trpm1, andNyx, which encode for proteins expressed in depolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs). To identify the underlying mutation, we first crossednob7mice withGrm6nob3mutants and measured the ERGs in offspring. All the offspring lacked the b-wave, indicating thatnob7is a new allele forGrm6:Grm6nob7. Sequence analyses ofGrm6nob7cDNAs identified a 28 base pair insertion between exons 8 and 9, which would result in a frameshift mutation in the open reading frame that encodes the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (Grm6). Sequencing both the cDNA and genomic DNA from exon 8 and intron 8, respectively, from theGrm6nob7mouse revealed a G to A transition at the last position in exon 8. This mutation disrupts splicing and the normal exon 8 is extended by 28 base pairs, because splicing occurs 28 base pairs downstream at a cryptic splice donor. Consistent with the impact of the resulting frameshift mutation, there is a loss of mGluR6 protein (encoded byGrm6) from the dendritic tips of DBCs in theGrm6nob7retina. These results indicate thatGrm6nob7is a new model of the complete form of congenital stationary night blindness, a human condition that has been linked to mutations ofGRM6.
Specificity of brain reactions to second-order visual stimuli
Authors: BABENKO VITALY V. , ERMAKOV PAVEL N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe second-order visual mechanisms perform the operation of integrating the
spatially distributed local visual information. Their organization is
traditionally considered within the framework of the filter-rectify-filter
model. These are the second-order filters that provide the ability to detect
texture gradients. However, the question of the mechanisms' selectivity to the
modulation dimension remains open. The aim of this investigation is to answer
the above question by using visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Stimuli were
textures consisting of staggered Gabor patches. The base texture was
nonmodulated (NM). Three other textures represented the base texture which was
sinusoidally modulated in different dimensions: contrast, orientation, or
spatial frequency. EEG was recorded with 20 electrodes. VEPs of 500 ms duration
were obtained for each of the four textures. After that, VEP to the NM texture
was subtracted from VEP to each modulated texture. As a result, three different
waves (d-waves) were obtained for each electrode site. Each d-wave was then
averaged across all the 48 observers. The revealed d-waves have a latency of
about 200 ms and, in our opinion, reflect the second-order filters reactivation
through the feedback connection. The d-waves for different modulation dimensions
were compared with each other in time, amplitude, topography, and localization
of the sources of activity that causes the d-wave (with sLORETA). We proceeded
from the assumption that the d-wave (its first component) represents functioning
of the second-order visual mechanisms and activity changes at the following
processing stages. It was found that the d-waves for different modulation
dimensions significantly differ in all parameters. The obtained results indicate
that the spatial modulations of different texture parameters caused specific
changes in the brain activity, which could be evidence supporting the
specificity of the second-order visual mechanisms to modulation dimension.
The Paediatric Cardiology Hall of Fame – Donald Nixon Ross
Authors: Somerville Jane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDonald Nixon Ross, FRCS (4 October 1922 to 7 July 2014) was a South African-born British cardiothoracic surgeon, who developed the pulmonary autograft, known as the Ross procedure, for the treatment of aortic valve disease, and also performed the first heart transplant in the United Kingdom in 1968. This paper, written by Jane Somerville, Professor of Cardiology [Retired], Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, provides the personal recollections about Donald Ross from Jane Somerville, and thus provides a unique snapshot of cardiac surgical history.