bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliciting intrinsic knowledge in the business processes of electronic government with UML extensions
Authors: Santos Paloma Maria , de Melo Braga Marcus , José Rover Aires 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of UML extensions on the elicitation of the knowledge that is intrinsic to the business processes of electronic government that will be available on digital TV.Design/methodology/approachBased on the understanding that: knowledge of e‐government is inherent in the applications available to the citizen; these applications aggregate content and services; and business processes result in products or services that are available for the citizen, this study seeks to, through the use of diagrams proposed by Eriksson and Penker, elicit the knowledge intrinsic to business processes, facilitating the development of applications destined to digital TV.FindingsThe proposed model facilitates the understanding of business processes and the identification of opportunities for improvement. The application of the BP diagram has enabled the authors to obtain an overview of all elements participating in the process as well as detail the relationship between them in a single diagram to facilitate the understanding of the process as a whole and assist its implementation. The assembly line diagram not only highlighted the interaction between business processes and information objects read and written in the assembly line, but also aided the identification of use cases that support the actors of the system and, consequently, the preparation of the t‐Government application requirements. The activity diagram provided highlights of how the activities that comprise the processes interact among each other and what flow of action is necessary to achieve the goal of the business process.Research limitations/implicationsIt is worth mentioning that what is being dealt with here is t‐Government applications accessible via iDTV (a fixed device). It is also understood that such applications are not tied to a specific TV program, since they are treated as resident applications; that is, citizens download them from an STB TV Channel and can interact with them whenever they want, regardless of the program that is being aired at the moment.Originality/valueThe use of unified modeling language (UML) extensions as a technique for knowledge modeling is a domain still little explored in literature. Although UML was originally designed to assist in systems modeling, its application has been extended to business and knowledge modeling.
Betrayal: an inevitable part of leadership?
Authors: Fuchs Ben , Shohet Robin 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bring to light how betrayal can be found between individuals in organizations, and gives examples of how this can be avoided and managed effectively to create more collaborative and supportive working environments.Design/methodology/approachThis is a viewpoint paper which discusses how betrayal is viewed and responded to by leaders in organizations. This paper makes use of the authors' personal experiences of leadership.FindingsThis article proposes a framework for recognizing patterns in behavior in organizations; especially between individuals, from which feelings of betrayal can occur.Research limitations/implicationsThe article describes “betrayal” in the context of small, medium and large organizations; however this is deemed to be something which is defined by the individual who has experienced the feelings of betrayal, making this a difficult concept to define universally.Practical implicationsThe findings in this viewpoint can be applied to experiences of leadership and betrayal across the public sector.Originality/valueThis paper explains that naming the feeling of betrayal enables the proposal of a new framework, in which patterns in behavior can be identified which will enable leaders to understand their own responses and those of their employees. This will allow leaders be more readily aware of the “psychological contract” which exists between them and their colleagues, and to learn how to manage their relationships more effectively in light of this and the subtle expectations of their employees.
A care pathway approach to identifying factors that impact on diagnosis of heart disease in British Pakistani women
Authors: Piercy Hilary , Chowbey Punita , Soady John , Dhoot Permjeet , Willis Lerleen , Salway Sarah 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe authors examined the cardiac care pathway with the aim of identifying factors that impact on diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease in British Pakistani women.Design/methodology/approachThis is an exploratory qualitative study. In depth interviews and focus groups with an opportunistic sample of Pakistani women and a purposive sample of clinicians working at different points along the care pathway were conducted. The authors used a pathways to care approach to illustrate how their individual and cumulative effect may contribute to differential receipt of treatment, including revascularisation, and health inequalities.FindingsFour major issues were identified: complex life circumstances; “atypical” presentation and symptomatology; problems related to investigative testing; and poor communication. Mapping these barriers onto the Pathways to Care Model provided valuable insight into their impact on patients' progression through the different stages of the care pathway.Research limitations/implicationsAdopting a care pathway approach demonstrated how individual factors have an impact at several points along the care pathway. It indicated where further, more detailed enquiry is merited and where intervention studies might usefully be directed to improve care.Practical implicationsExamining the whole care pathway identified areas of service improvement that merit a co‐ordinated response.Originality/valueThe framework provided by the Pathways to Care Model offered insight into the causes of the previously observed attenuation in women's progress along the cardiac diagnosis and treatment pathway and is an important first step to addressing this health inequality in a holistic way.
Perspectives on alcohol use in a Traveller community: an exploratory case study
Authors: Hurcombe Rachel , Bayley Mariana , Thickett Anthony , Thom Betsy 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTravellers are consistently found to have poorer health outcomes and health status than other minority ethnic groups. Very few studies have examined alcohol use among Travellers, but some indicate that their drinking patterns are changing. This study aims to explore alcohol use, health needs and health service access within an Irish Traveller population in England with a view to identifying themes for further study.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative exploratory pilot study was carried out using an oral life history approach. Ten individuals were interviewed along with two professionals working closely with the Traveller group.FindingsWhile improvements in general health and access to healthcare were widely reported, many Travellers were concerned about the effects of leaving behind their nomadic lifestyle to living more “settled” lives. This change was felt to bring young male Travellers, in particular, into contact with the risky drinking behaviours of non‐Travellers and away from the monitoring and informal controls traditionally accompanying their former nomadic lifestyle.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings may not generalise to other Traveller groups; they draw on a small sample of Travellers living in “settled” accommodation. The sample was limited to discussions with older Travellers and further research is needed among younger generations to explore how health related behaviours and alcohol use may be changing.Originality/valueThis study highlights potential pathways for young male Travellers to become “youth at risk” importantly through involvement in alcohol and drug use. It should be of value to health policy makers and health/support workers in contact with Traveller communities.
Estimating college student behavior frequencies
Authors: Cole James S. , Korkmaz Ali 
Published: April 2013

PurposeSurveys that collect data regarding behavior estimates are found in many fields including, but not limited to, those that conduct consumer research, health studies, sexual behavior, drug use, political polls, and many types of education studies. These studies typically use either vague behavioral quantifiers as the response set, or enumerated response sets where the respondent needs to select or tally the target behavior, or a combination of both types. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these two methods of estimating educationally related behaviors.Design/methodology/approachData for this study was taken from the 2010 administration of Beginning College Survey of Student Engagement (BCSSE), which is administered to incoming first‐year students. Respondents included 30,964 first‐year entering students from 81 higher education institutions in the USA. Data analysis was then carried out.FindingsThis study found that the more frequent the behavior, the shorter the time frame the respondent uses when estimating the behavior using enumerated strategies. In addition, this study showed that for many educationally relevant behaviors vague quantifiers are associated with increasing enumerated responses for the same behavior showing that two behavioral estimates are providing consistent estimations of the same behavior. Another equally important finding is that there were few meaningful group differences regarding these estimates.Originality/valueOverall, the results from this study shed new light on interpreting behavior estimations using vague and enumerated responses.
Integrating project‐based learning into an undergraduate programme using Web 2.0 and videoconferencing
Authors: Fitzsimons John , Turner Rebecca 
Published: April 2013

PurposeProject‐based learning has been used in a number of disciplines to provide undergraduate students with the opportunity to simulate professional activities and apply theory to practice. It has been identified as an effective way to develop a range of transferable skills required by employers. This article aims to report a novel application of project‐based learning, which provided students with an opportunity to work on an international collaboration, facilitated by videoconferencing and Web 2.0.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a number of data sources, this article examines the contribution that project‐based learning made to the development of key skills which employers within the media industry expect graduates to possess.FindingsConclusions suggest how project‐based learning can be used more widely to develop a range of employability skills. The international context and the use of new technologies were also seen by students to be important aspects of the project. Students offered some original insights into how these may enhance project‐based learning.Originality/valueThis study deals with a novel application of project‐based learning, which gave students an opportunity to work on an international collaboration, facilitated by videoconferencing and Web 2.0. Students offered some original insights into how the international context and the use of new technologies may enhance project‐based learning.
The gender gap in top corporate jobs in China
Authors: Xiu Lin 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis study aims to examine the gender pay gap in organizational leadership positions in China. The author seeks to analyse how much of the gap is explained by differences in individual characteristics and how much is explained by firm characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis study estimates pay functions based on a unique data set from a survey of private firms and top managers in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.FindingsFemale managers receive much lower pay than male managers in China. A larger portion of the gender earnings gap can be attributed to firm‐level characteristics than individual characteristics. Female managers tend to have fewer firm‐level characteristics that are associated with higher pay, and when they do, they tend to receive a smaller pay premium for those characteristics. This is especially the case for the firm size variable where female managers are less likely to be employed in higher paying large firms, and when they are, they receive a smaller firm‐size premium.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses a sample of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. As such, the gender pay gap in larger firms or firms in large cities (e.g. Beijing or Shanghai) may not be represented by the findings of this study.Practical implicationsThis study offers insights on how women executives are paid after they cross the “glass ceiling” and enter the managerial ranks in China. Female executives should be aware of the effects of firm characteristics on gender differences in compensation.Originality/valueThis study adds to the limited empirical literature on the gender pay gap among top executives using a matched establishment‐manager data set in China.
What drives organisational engagement?
Authors: Malinen Sanna , Wright Sarah , Cammock Peter 
Published: April 2013

PurposePast research has found meaningful differences between job and organisational engagement. However, research to date has mainly focused on job engagement, whereas the construct of organisational engagement has been largely neglected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antecedents of organisational engagement and its influence on withdrawal attitudes.Design/methodology/approachUsing an on‐line survey, the authors investigated employees’ perceptions of fairness and trust in senior management, 12 months prior to the measurement of organisational engagement and withdrawal attitudes. The study was conducted in a professional services public organisation, characterised by frequent change and uncertainty.FindingsThe authors showed that perceptions of procedural justice and trust in senior management predicted organisational engagement 12 months later. In addition, organisational engagement partially mediated the relationship between procedural justice perceptions, trust in senior management, and withdrawal attitudes.Practical implicationsThe authors’ research suggests that monitoring and influencing employees’ levels of engagement can benefit organisations, and that leaders in particular can influence employees’ level of engagement. Indeed, the present research showed that employees who had trust in senior management and felt that they had a voice in the organisation showed higher levels of engagement and lower intentions to exit the organisation.Originality/valueThis research contributes to our understanding of the drivers of engagement, and demonstrates the importance of organisational‐level, in addition to job‐level engagement.
Population sex ratio and dispersal in experimental, two‐patch metapopulations of butterflies
Authors: Trochet Audrey , Legrand Delphine , Larranaga Nicolas , Ducatez Simon , Calvez Olivier , Cote Julien , Clobert Jean , Baguette Michel 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Sex‐biased dispersal, that is, the difference in dispersal between males and females, is thought to be the consequence of any divergent evolutionary responses between sexes. In anisogamous species, asymmetry in parental investment may lead to sexual conflict, which entails male–male competition (for sexual partner access), female–female competition (for feeding or egg‐laying habitat patches) and/or male–female competition (antagonistic co‐evolution).

As competition is one of the main causes of dispersal evolution, intra‐ and intersexual competition should have strong consequences on sex‐biased dispersal. However, very few experimental studies, if any, have simultaneously addressed the effect of biased sex ratio on (i) each dispersal stage (emigration, transience, immigration), (ii) the dispersal phenotype and (iii) the colonization success of new habitat in order to fully separate the effects of varying male and female density.

Here, we used the Metatron, a unique experimental system composed of 48 interconnected enclosed patches dedicated to the study of dispersal in meta‐ecosystems, to investigate the effect of sex ratio on dispersal in a butterfly. We created six populations with three different sex ratios in pairs of patches and recorded individual movements in these simple metapopulations.

Emigration was higher when the proportion of males was higher, and individuals reached the empty patch at a higher rate when the sex ratio in the departure patch was balanced. Males had a better dispersal success than females, which had a lower survival rate during dispersal and after colonization. We also showed that sex and wing size are major components of the dispersal response.

We did not observe sex‐biased dispersal; our results thus suggest that female harassment by males and male–male competition might be more important mechanisms for the dispersal of females and males, than the search for a mating partner. Furthermore, the demonstration of a differential mortality between males and females during dispersal provides causal hypotheses of the evolution of sex‐biased dispersal.
Time and its uses in accounts of conditional discharge in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Coffey Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTime is a recurring feature of storied accounts of health and social care. This article addresses the use of time in accounts of conditionally discharged patients and workers in forensic psychiatry. This study contributes new knowledge about time and its uses by a seldom heard group. An analysis of time‐relevant discourse taken from 59 in‐depth interviews with patients and their workers is provided to show regularities and discontinuities in schedules of post‐discharge supervision in community living. Regularities included timed phases for achieving discretionary permission for greater liberty from services. Discontinuities indicate mismatches between hospital and community time and patient and professional time. Benchmarking by patients is an important resource and allows comparisons and measurements of stages in the discharge process. The discharged patients showed awareness of deviance and implicated time as an important resource in claiming ordinary identities. The participants produced progressive stories to show their incremental movement towards recovery and, ultimately, establish their non‐deviant identities. The workers use time as just one part of a complex display of professional judgement of continued risk status. Fixed periods of elapsed time are necessary but not sufficient criteria for workers to reduce surveillance. Time remains a useful resource for patients to chart their way towards more routine identities.
Alcohol‐Induced Osteopenia Among In‐Custody and Homicide Deaths from the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences
Authors: Backo Heather , Love Jennifer 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFour cases of in‐custody or unlawful death are presented as examples of increased bone fragility with an associated increase in fracture rates due to ethanol‐induced osteopenia. In addition, one of the individuals suffered fractures several weeks premortem, allowing some healing to take place. Using radiographs and physical examination, the ribs from these individuals are compared with those retained from three individuals with no history of alcoholism to illustrate diagnostic characteristics that will be notable using standard autopsy and anthropological procedures. Trabecular bone mass is notably decreased in the alcoholic group leading to a greater chance of fracture occurring during conflict, including arrest and in‐custody situations. The average number of perimortem fractures among the alcoholic individuals is 15, while the control group is six. In the case of the individual with healing, the degree of bone repair on the ribs was less than is expected considering the interval between injury and death.
Foreign Ownership and Information Asymmetry
Authors: Choi Jongmoo Jay , Lam Kevin C. K. , Sami Heibatollah , Zhou Haiyan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractForeign ownership has two competing effects on information asymmetry. Short term investment horizon, superior information processing capability, controlling positions, and increased agency costs associated with foreign ownership increases information asymmetry, while demand for more disclosure, better accounting and auditing standards, use of international auditors, incentive alignments, long term investment horizon and greater monitoring decreases information asymmetry. In this article, we examine and find a significant and positive impact of foreign ownership on information asymmetry measured by bid‐ask spread in China. On balance, foreign equity investors tend to enhance their informational advantages more than improving the general informational environments in local markets. These results have implications for transparency and disclosure policies as well as privatization in emerging markets.
Physician, heal thyself: The paradox of anxiety amongst house officers and work in a teaching hospital
Authors: Tan Susan Mooi Koon , Jong Sze Chin , Chan Lai Fong , Jamaludin Nurul Akmal , Phang Cheng Kar , Jamaluddin Nur Shahirah , Shah Shamsul Azhar 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionAnxiety among house officers may impair functioning and health care delivery. This study aimed to determine the association between anxiety among house officers at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, sociodemographic and work‐related factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using the self‐rated and validated Malay Depressive Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, the General Stressor Questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire.ResultsOf the 89 house officers, 60.7% were anxious. Multivariate logistic analysis showed work‐related challenges, performance pressure (odds ratio [OR] = 9.000, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.812–44.705), poor relationship with supervisors (OR = 5.212, 95% CI = 2.033–3.365), poor relationship with colleagues (OR = 4.642, 95% CI = 1.816–11.866), bureaucratic constraints (OR = 3.810, 95% CI = 1.541–9.415) and poor job prospects (OR = 3.745, 95% CI = 1.505–9.321) strongly associated with anxiety. Family‐related stressors were less significant (OR = 1.800, 95% CI = 0.760–4.266) unless they were work related (work–family conflicts [OR = 8.253, 95% CI = 2.652–25.684]).DiscussionAlmost two‐thirds of this cohort reported work‐related anxiety symptoms. Administrators need to address these mental health needs early. The subsequent improvement in communication skills, conflict resolution and anxiety reduction will result in short‐ and long‐term benefits towards the young doctors's mental health. The cascading impact on these individuals, thus empowered, will be good work–life balance, improved patient care and safety, a satisfying medical career whilst contributing maximally to the country's health care.