bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriateness of full‐, partial‐ and no‐dispersal scenarios in climate change impact modelling
Authors: Bateman Brooke L. , Murphy Helen T. , Reside April E. , Mokany Karel , VanDerWal Jeremy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) generally use correlative relationships between the species location and the associated environment to project the species potential distribution under climate change. While projecting a future suitable climatic space is relatively simple using SDMs, predicting a species ability to occupy that space relies on understanding dispersal capacity; a lack of knowledge about species‐specific dispersal ability, varying geographical contexts and technical constraints of simple SDMs has limited the consideration of dispersal in most studies. We review the current treatment of dispersal in SDM studies addressing the effects of climate change and explore how incorporating ‘partial‐dispersal’ scenarios could lead to more realistic projections of species distributions into the future.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe consider the implications for projected distributions of incorporating full‐ and no‐dispersal scenarios in SDMs and identify a range of methods and their associated information needs for implementing partial‐dispersal scenarios.ResultsWhile simplistic and easy to implement, full‐ and no‐dispersal scenarios are only realistic in a few situations. Although implementing partial‐dispersal scenarios may require information that is lacking for many species, we argue that even relatively simple partial‐dispersal models, with fairly basic knowledge needs, improve projections of altered distributions under climate change. More complex models, using more sophisticated modelling approaches, have been tested in a few cases and provide robust projections.Main ConclusionsWhile climate change SDM outputs have proved useful, we highlight that careful selection of dispersal scenarios, relevant to the particular questions being addressed, is necessary for appropriate interpretation of the model outputs when projecting into novel environments (e.g. future climates). A number of methods have been developed for incorporating partial‐dispersal scenarios in SDMs; however, the data and computation requirements currently limit their application to large numbers of species, highlighting the need for other techniques and generic user‐friendly modelling platforms.
Biodiversity in saline coastal lagoons: patterns of distribution and human impacts on sponge and ascidian assemblages
Authors: Barnes P. B. , Roberts D. E. , Davis A. R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimEstuaries are common focal points for industry and development, but often little is known of their biology or ecology, particularly for sessile taxa. We sought to examine how size and opening regime of shallow saline coastal lakes altered patterns of diversity and abundance for a suite of epifaunal invertebrates. We also sought to determine how these patterns were affected by the degree of lake modification by humans.LocationWe sampled 10 coastal barrier lakes of a range of sizes, opening regimes and degrees of modification in south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe quantified the diversity and abundance of sponges and ascidians in transects and undertook timed searches for these fauna at multiple locations within each coastal lake; placing the data in a hypothesis testing framework.ResultsEighteen species of sponge, most of which appear to be new to science, and six species of ascidian were found among the 10 lakes we examined. All sponges and most ascidians were extremely patchily distributed among the lakes. Few species were widespread, with most restricted to one or two lakes. Diversity was largest in lakes mostly open to the sea and large in size. Diversity and abundance were smaller in highly modified lakes.Main ConclusionsWe suggest that sponge assemblages in these lakes consist of a combination of species largely restricted in distribution to lakes, and marine species that are at their limits of distribution. In contrast, ascidian assemblages were dominated by species that were more widespread. Conservation of biodiversity in these systems will rely heavily on effective management, which will in turn rely on a sound scientific understanding of natural processes; this will require the management of water quality through protection of catchments. The control of opening regimes should consider the ecological consequences rather than being purely based on ad hoc and reactive management.
An investigation into the relationship between vigabatrin, movement disorders, and brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with infantile spasms
Authors: Fong Choong YI , Osborne John P , Edwards Stuart W , Hemingway Cheryl , Hancock Eleanor , Johnson Anthony L , Kennedy Colin R , Kneen Rachel , Likeman Marcus , Lux Andrew L , Mordekar Santosh R , Murugan Velayutham , Newton Richard W , Pike Michael , Quinn Michael , Spinty Stefan , Vassallo Grace , Verity Christopher M , Whitney Andrea , O'Callaghan Finbar J K 
Published: June 2013

AimWe aimed to investigate the relationship between movement disorders, changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and vigabatrin therapy in children with infantile spasms.MethodRetrospective review and brain MRI analysis of children enrolled in the International Collaborative Infantile Spasms Study (ICISS) who developed a movement disorder on vigabatrin therapy. Comparisons were made with controls within ICISS who had no movement disorder.ResultsTen of 124 infants had a movement disorder and in eight it had developed on vigabatrin therapy. Two had a movement disorder that resolved on dose‐reduction of vigabatrin, one had improvement on withdrawing vigabatrin, two had resolution without any dose change, and in three it persisted despite vigabatrin withdrawal. The typical brain MRI changes associated with vigabatrin therapy were noted in two infants. Ten control infants were identified. Typical MRI changes noted with vigabatrin were noted in three controls.InterpretationIt is possible that in two out of eight cases, vigabatrin was associated with the development of a movement disorder. In six out of eight cases a causal relationship was less plausible. The majority of infants treated with vigabatrin did not develop a movement disorder. MRI changes associated with vigabatrin do not appear to be specifically related to the movement disorder.
Progressive resistance training and mobility‐related function in young people with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taylor Nicholas F , Dodd Karen J , Baker Richard J , Willoughby Kate , Thomason Pam , Graham H Kerr 
Published: June 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether individualized resistance training improves the physical mobility of young people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodForty‐eight participants with spastic diplegic CP (26 males, 22 females; mean age 18y 1mo, SD 1y 11mo) classified as level II or III on the Gross Motor Function Classification System were allocated randomly to progressive resistance training or usual‐care control. Resistance training was completed twice weekly for 12 weeks at a community gymnasium under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Exercises were based on instrumented gait analysis and targeted muscles contributing to walking difficulties. Outcomes at 12 weeks and 24 weeks included objective measures of mobility (6‐min walk test, instrumented gait analysis, and Gross Motor Function Measure dimensions D and E), participant‐rated measures of mobility (Functional Mobility Scale and Functional Assessment Questionnaire), and muscle performance.ResultsThe strength of targeted muscles increased by 27% (95% CI 8–46%) compared with control group. There were no between‐group differences in any objective measure of mobility at 12 weeks (6‐min walk test: mean difference 0.1m; 95% CI −21 to 21m) or at 24 weeks. Participant‐rated mobility improved (Functional Mobility Scale at 5m: mean 0.6 units; 95% CI 0.1–1.1 units; Functional Assessment Questionnaire: 0.8 units; 95% CI 0.1–1.6 units) compared with control group at 12 weeks.InterpretationIndividualized progressive resistance training increased strength in adolescents and young adults with spastic diplegic CP. Despite participant‐rated benefits, the increased strength did not result in objective improvements in mobility.
Muscle volume alterations in spastic muscles immediately following botulinum toxin type‐A treatment in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Williams Sîan A , Reid Siobhan , Elliott Catherine , Shipman Peter , Valentine Jane 
Published: June 2013

AimWith evidence for an atrophic effect of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) documented in typically developing muscles, this study investigated the immediate morphological alterations of muscles in children with cerebral palsy (CP) after BoNT‐A treatment.MethodFifteen children (10 males, five females; age range 5–11y, mean age 8y 5mo, SD 1y 10mo) with spastic diplegic CP [Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I (n=9) and II (n=6)] receiving BoNT‐A injections for spasticity management were included. None of the children was a first‐time receiver of BoNT‐A. Magnetic resonance imaging and Mimics software assessed muscle volume, timed 2 weeks before and 5 weeks after injection. All participants received BoNT‐A bilaterally to the gastrocnemius muscle, and five participants also received BoNT‐A bilaterally to the medial hamstring muscles. Functional assessment measures used were the 6‐Minute Walk Test (6‐MWT), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and hand‐held dynamometry.ResultsWhilst total muscle group volume of the injected muscle group remained unchanged, a 4.47% decrease in the injected gastrocnemius muscle volume (p=0.01) and a 3.96% increase in soleus muscle volume (p=0.02) was evident following BoNT‐A. There were no statistically significant changes in function after BoNT‐A as assessed by the TUG. There was also no statistically significant change in distance covered in the 6‐MWT. Muscle strength, as assessed using hand‐held dynamometry was also not statistically different after BoNT‐A treatment.InterpretationMuscle volume decreases were observed in the injected muscle (gastrocnemius), with synergistic muscle hypertrophy that appeared to compensate for this decrement. The 4% to 5% decrease in the volume of BoNT‐A injected muscles are not dramatic in comparison to reports in recent animal studies, and are a positive indication for BoNT‐A, particularly as it also did not negatively alter function.
Informative value of canker morphology on the presence or absence of virus infection in chestnut blight cankers
Authors: Bryner S. F. , Sotirovski K. , Akilli S. , Risteski M. , Perlerou C. , Rigling D. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryChestnut blight destroyed the native chestnut forests in North America and also severely affected the European chestnut trees after its introduction in the 20th century. The ascomycete fungus Cryphonectria parasitica is responsible for this serious disease and causes lethal bark cankers on susceptible chestnut trees. In Europe, however, an infection of C. parasitica with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1) causes hypovirulence in C. parasitica and reduces the severity of the disease. Hypovirulence biologically controls chestnut blight in many regions to date. In this study, our goal was to determine morphological canker characteristics that are indicative of virus presence or absence in C. parasitica. We investigated 677 chestnut blight cankers from seven different geographic locations across Europe. For each canker, we assessed canker length, stem encircling, canker depth, presence of sporulation, canker activity and virus infection. We statistically analysed the informative value of these morphological characteristics for the presence or absence of CHV‐1. However, we did not find reliable indicators. Our logistic regression analysis revealed that virus infection of C. parasitica is not clearly related to canker morphology. This implies that fungal isolations from chestnut blight cankers and assessments in the laboratory are required to determine infection with CHV‐1 unequivocally.
Outcome of horses with synovial structure involvement following solar foot penetrations in four UK veterinary hospitals: 95 cases
Authors: Findley J. A. , Pinchbeck G. L. , Milner P. I. , Bladon B. M. , Boswell J. , Mair T. S. , Suthers J. M. , Singer E. R. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe factors associated with outcome following solar foot penetration involving synovial structures treated using endoscopic lavage have not been described in the UK population.ObjectivesTo provide descriptive data on horses with synovial contamination or sepsis following solar penetration in 4 UK equine referral hospitals and to identify specific factors associated with the outcome.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsData were collected from 4 veterinary hospitals. Follow‐up data were obtained via a telephone questionnaire. Two multivariable logistic regression models were generated. Model 1 included all horses with synovial contamination following foot penetration undergoing surgical treatment, with the outcome variable being euthanasia during hospitalisation. Model 2 included all horses surviving anaesthesia, with the outcome variable being failure to return to pre‐injury athletic function.ResultsNinety‐five horses were included. Overall, 56% of horses survived to discharge and 36% of horses returned to pre‐injury athletic function. Model 1 included penetration of the central frog sulcus (odds ratio [OR] 10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–51.8), concurrent distal phalanx involvement (OR 32, 95% CI 2.6–101.9), increasing days to presentation (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.3) and hospital. Model 2 included increasing days to presentation (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.6), breed (OR 32, 95% CI 2.2–135.4), more than one surgery (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.0–32.7) and hospital.Conclusions and potential relevanceSynovial involvement following solar foot penetration has a guarded prognosis for survival to discharge and a poor prognosis for return to pre‐injury athletic function. Penetration of the central sulcus of the frog and distal phalanx involvement are associated with euthanasia during hospitalisation. Delayed referral and hospitalisation are associated with both euthanasia and failure to return to pre‐injury athletic function. Breed and more than one surgery are associated with failure to return to pre‐injury athletic function. These data may assist veterinary surgeons and owners to make evidence‐based decisions when managing cases with synovial involvement following solar foot penetration.
Potential mesenchymal stem cell therapy for skin diseases
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Hamada Takahiro , Ohata Chika , Furumura Minao , Hashimoto Takashi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non‐haematopoietic cells that reside in most tissues including adult bone marrow. MSCs have recently been extensively studied and used for clinical therapies, including skin wound healing. However, there are still many questions to be answered. In the viewpoint entitled ‘Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in skin: why and what for?’, Dr. Khosrotehrani provided a comprehensive overview for MSC properties and current progresses on clinical applications for various skin conditions. This viewpoint is therefore very helpful for both dermatologists and basic skin researchers to understand stem cells researches.
Novel inhibitory effect of the antidiabetic drug voglibose on melanogenesis
Authors: Bin Bum‐Ho , Seo Juyeon , Yang Seung Ha , Lee Eunkyung , Choi Hyunjung , Kim Kyu‐Han , Cho Eun‐Gyung , Lee Tae Ryong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOverproduction of melanin can lead to medical disorders such as postinflammatory melanoderma and melasma. Therefore, developing antimelanogenic agents is important for both medical and cosmetic purposes. In this report, we demonstrated for the first time that the antidiabetic drug voglibose is a potent antimelanogenic agent. Voglibose is a representative antidiabetic drug possessing inhibitory activity towards human α‐glucosidase; it blocked the proper N‐glycan modification of tyrosinase, resulting in a dramatic reduction of the tyrosinase protein level by altering its stability and subsequently decreasing melanin production. Acarbose, another antihyperglycaemic drug that has a lower inhibitory effect on human intracellular α‐glucosidase compared with voglibose, did not cause any changes in either the N‐glycan modification of tyrosinase or the tyrosinase protein level, indicating that voglibose was the most efficient antimelanogenic agent among the widely used antihyperglycaemic agents. Considering that voglibose was originally selected from the valiolamine derivatives in a screen for an oral antidiabetic drug with a strong inhibitory activity towards intestinal α‐glucosidase and low cell permeability, we propose an alternative strategy for screening compounds from valiolamine derivatives that show high inhibitory activity towards human intracellular α‐glucosidases and high cell permeability, with the goal of obtaining antimelanogenic agents that are effective inside the cells.
Optical coherence tomography for presurgical margin assessment of non‐melanoma skin cancer – a practical approach
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Kuck Monika , Wahrlich Caroline , Batz Sebastian , McKenzie Gordon , Fluhr Joachim W. , Lademann Juergen , Ulrich Martina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the clinical setting, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is applicable for the non‐invasive diagnosis of skin cancer and may in particular be used for margin definition prior to excision. In this regard, OCT may improve the success rate of removing tumor lesions more effectively, preventing repetitive excision, which may subsequently result in smaller excisions. In this study, we have aimed to evaluate the applicability of OCT for in vivo presurgical margin assessment of non‐melanocytic skin tumors (NMSC) and to describe the feasibility of different scanning techniques. A total number of 18 patients planned for excision of lesions suspicious of NMSC were included in this study. Based on OCT, we defined the specific tumor margins on 19 lesions preoperatively using different scanning modalities. Sixty‐one margin points and five complete tumor margins were analysed on 18 patients with a total of 19 lesions including 63% basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 12), 16% (n = 3) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 21% of other types of skin tumors (n = 4) were classified. In 84% of the cases (n = 16), the OCT‐defined lateral margins correctly indicated complete removal of the tumor. The surgical margins chosen by the surgeon never fell below the OCT‐defined margin. Regarding the techniques of marginal definition, punctual tumor border scan in the perpendicular direction, with an extension of free‐run scans for unsure cases can hardly be recommended. This study shows that suspected NMSC can effectively be confirmed, and furthermore, resection margin can be minimized under OCT control without reducing the rate of complete removal.
Terrestrial support of pelagic consumers: patterns and variability revealed by a multilake study
Authors: Wilkinson Grace M. , Carpenter Stephen R. , Cole Jonathan J. , Pace Michael L. , Yang Carol 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Lake food webs can be supported by primary production from within the lake, organic matter imported from the catchment or some mixture of these two sources. Generalisations about food‐web subsidies to lake ecosystems are often based on data from only a few ecosystems and therefore do not consider the potential variability of subsidies among diverse ecosystems in a landscape.

We measured the variation among lake ecosystems in terrestrial (allochthonous) utilisation by pelagic consumers and developed models to describe the variability. Stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and carbon were measured for Chaoborus spp. and crustacean zooplankton taxa in 40 lakes to quantify consumer allochthonous resource use (allochthony).

The median fraction of consumer allochthony estimated using a two‐source Bayesian mixing model varied between 4 and 82% (mean among all lakes = 36%) for Chaoborus sp. among lakes and between 1 and 76% in a more limited sample of crustacean zooplankton consumers. The degree of allochthonous resource use increased linearly with the availability of allochthonous resources.

Terrestrial support of Chaoborus was correlated (using best fitting relationships) with covariates for lake organic matter sources including dissolved inorganic carbon, total phosphorus, chlorophyll α, colour and catchment area. However, the most parsimonious model was an inverse relationship between lake surface area and consumer allochthony, indicating that allochthonous subsidies are more important in smaller than larger systems. Given the preponderance of small waterbodies, allochthonous subsidies are important in a large number of lake ecosystems.
Topical 4% nicotinamide vs. 1% clindamycin in moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris
Authors: Khodaeiani Effat , Fouladi Rohollah Fadaei , Amirnia Mehdi , Saeidi Majid , Karimi Elham Razagh 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNicotinamide and clindamycin gels are two popular topical medications for acne vulgaris. This study aimed to compare efficacy of the topical 4% nicotinamide and 1% clindamycin gels in these patients. In this randomized, double‐blind clinical trial, patients with moderate inflammatory facial acne vulgaris were randomly allocated to receive either topical 4% nicotinamide (n = 40) or 1% clindamycin gels (n = 40) twice daily. In each group, they were further categorized in two subgroups with oily and non‐oily types of facial skin. The Cook's acne grade was determined at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 post treatment. Acne grade decreased from an average of 5.93 ± 0.83 at baseline to 4.03 ± 1.33 at week 4 and 2.08 ± 1.59 at week 8 in nicotinamide receivers, and from an average of 5.70 ± 0.94 at baseline to 3.85 ± 1.66 at week 4 and 2.03 ± 1.53 at week 8 in the clindamycin group (within‐group P < 0.001, between‐group P > 0.05). Comparing with each other, nicotinamide and clindamycin gels were significantly more efficacious in oily and non‐oily skin types, respectively. No major side effect was encountered by any patient. Skin type is a significant factor in choosing between topical nicotinamide and clindamycin in patients with acne vulgaris.
The evaluation of two automated soluble fibrin assays for use in the routine hospital laboratory
Authors: Westerlund E. , Woodhams B. J. , Eintrei J. , Söderblom L. , Antovic J. P. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe soluble fibrin monomer (sFM) assay, like the D‐dimer (DDi) assay, has the potential to be used both as an aid in the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and as a thrombotic marker. It differs from DDi in that it is a much earlier produced fragment produced only by thrombin action on fibrinogen, whereas DDi is a much later produced fragment formed by plasmin cleavage of cross‐linked fibrin.MethodsIn our study, we compared two commercially available automated sFM assays in the routine hospital setting using samples obtained from the general hospital ward and the emergency room. The results obtained with the two automated assays (Stago LIA sFM assays and the LPIA‐Iatro SF assay) were compared with each other and with the results obtained using the routine semiquantitative hemagglutination assay.ResultsThe study showed that both automated assays were comparable with each other. No patient sample previously classified as positive would be missed, but with the higher sensitivity in the automated tests, more samples are positive.ConclusionIn conclusion, we suggest that both automated tests are suitable for routine laboratory use. Both assays had the advantage over the hemagglutination assay in that previously frozen samples could be used, and the assays are easier and quicker to perform. The LIA sFM Stago has slightly better sensitivity but has a tendency to lower specificity than the Iatro SF test.