bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid-polymer nanoparticles to probe the native-like environment of intramembrane rhomboid protease GlpG and its activity
Authors: Sawczyc Henry , Tatsuta Takashi , Öster Carl , Kosteletos Spyridon , Lange Sascha , Bohg Claudia , Langer Thomas , Lange Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolymers can facilitate detergent-free extraction of membrane proteins into nanodiscs (e.g., SMALPs, DIBMALPs), incorporating both integral membrane proteins as well as co-extracted native membrane lipids. Lipid-only SMALPs and DIBMALPs have been shown to possess a unique property; the ability to exchange lipids through ‘collisional lipid mixing’. Here we expand upon this mixing to include protein-containing DIBMALPs, using the rhomboid protease GlpG. Through lipidomic analysis before and after incubation with DMPC or POPC DIBMALPs, we show that lipids are rapidly exchanged between protein and lipid-only DIBMALPs, and can be used to identify bound or associated lipids through ‘washing-in’ exogenous lipids. Additionally, through the requirement of rhomboid proteases to cleave intramembrane substrates, we show that this mixing can be performed for two protein-containing DIBMALP populations, assessing the native function of intramembrane proteolysis and demonstrating that this mixing has no deleterious effects on protein stability or structure.
A deep generative modeling architecture for designing lattice-constrained perovskite materials
Authors: Chenebuah Ericsson Tetteh , Nganbe Michel , Tchagang Alain Beaudelaire 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn modern materials discovery, materials are now efficiently screened using machine learning (ML) techniques with target-specific properties for meeting various engineering applications. However, a major challenge that persists with deep generative ML approach is the issue related to lattice reconstruction at the decoding phase, leading to the generation of materials with low symmetry, unfeasible atomic coordination, and triclinic behavioral properties in the crystal lattice. To address this concern, the present research makes a contribution by proposing a Lattice-Constrained Materials Generative Model (LCMGM) for designing new and polymorphic perovskite materials with crystal conformities that are consistent with predefined geometrical and thermodynamic stability constraints at the encoding phase. A comparison with baseline models such as Physics Guided Crystal Generative Model (PGCGM) and Fourier-Transformed Crystal Property (FTCP), confirms the potential of the LCMGM for improved training stability, better chemical learning effect and higher geometrical conformity. The new materials emerging from this research are Density Functional Theory (DFT) validated and openly made available in the Mendeley data repository: https://doi.org/10.17632/m262xxpgn2.1.
Early morning hour and evening usage habits increase misinformation-spread
Authors: Stockinger Elisabeth , Gallotti Riccardo , Hausladen Carina I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial media manipulation poses a significant threat to cognitive autonomy and unbiased opinion formation. Prior literature explored the relationship between online activity and emotional state, cognitive resources, sunlight and weather. However, a limited understanding exists regarding the role of time of day in content spread and the impact of user activity patterns on susceptibility to mis- and disinformation. This work uncovers a strong correlation between user activity time patterns and the tendency to spread potentially disinformative content. Through quantitative analysis of Twitter (now X) data, we examine how user activity throughout the day aligns with diurnal behavioural archetypes. Evening types exhibit a significantly higher inclination towards spreading potentially disinformative content, which is more likely at night-time. This knowledge can become crucial for developing targeted interventions and strategies that mitigate misinformation spread by addressing vulnerable periods and user groups more susceptible to manipulation.
Online stimulation of the prefrontal cortex during practice increases motor variability and modulates later cognitive transfer: a randomized, double-blinded and sham-controlled tDCS study
Authors: Prabhu Nisha Maria , Lehmann Nico , Kaminski Elisabeth , Müller Notger , Taubert Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe benefits of learning a motor skill extend to improved task-specific cognitive abilities. The mechanistic underpinnings of this motor-cognition relationship potentially rely on overlapping neural resources involved in both processes, an assumption lacking causal evidence. We hypothesize that interfering with prefrontal networks would inhibit concurrent motor skill performance, long-term learning and associated cognitive functions dependent on similar networks (transfer). We conducted a randomised, double-blinded, sham-controlled brain stimulation study using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in young adults spanning over three weeks to assess the role of the prefrontal regions in learning a complex balance task and long-term cognitive performance. Balance training combined with active tDCS led to higher performance variability in the trained task as compared to the sham group, impacting the process of learning a complex task without affecting the learning rate. Furthermore, active tDCS also positively influenced performance in untrained motor and cognitive tasks. The findings of this study help ascertaining the networks directly involved in learning a complex motor task and its implications on cognitive function. Hence, opening up the possibility of harnessing the observed frontal networks involved in resource mobilization in instances of aging, brain lesion/injury or dysfunction.
Clinical and hematological findings in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) with and without Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae infection
Authors: Wagener Matthias Gerhard , Neubert Saskia , Kiene Frederik , Buchallik-Schregel Johannes , Nicolaisen Thies J. , Bauer Benjamin U. , von Altrock Alexandra , Großmann Thekla , Polifka Antje , Ganter Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnemia is a common problem in South American camelids (SACs). Infections with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae (CMh), a cell-wall free, hemotropic bacterium, are often suspected to be an important cause of anemia, as the pathogen infects the erythrocytes and is found in the blood of up to 30% of SACs. The information on the clinical signs of animals infected with this pathogen vary widely. Most infections are clinically inapparent. Treatment is usually carried out with oxytetracycline. A detailed overview of the clinical and hematological findings in 13 alpacas infected with Candidatus M. haemolamae (CMh+), based on patients from our university clinic and comparing those findings with the results of 22 negative alpacas (CMh−) is provided. Assignment to both groups was based on the PCR result. No relevant clinical or hematological differences between CMh+ and CMh− were found, the clinical signs in CMh+ were usually due to comorbidities. The examination of a blood smear alone proved to be insufficient; a PCR test should be carried out to confirm or rule out an infection. A critical review of the need for antibiotic treatment on the basis of a positive test result alone is recommended.
Extending the study of playfulness in romantic life: Analyzing associations with attachment and jealousy in same-gender and opposite-gender couples
Authors: Brauer Kay , Sendatzki Rebekka , Proyer René T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdult playfulness describes individual differences in (re)framing situations so that they are experienced as entertaining, and/or interesting, and/or intellectually stimulating. There is increasing interest in its role for romantic life. Using the OLIW model of playfulness, we localized its facets Other-directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical playfulness into systems of attachment styles and romantic jealousy. We analyzed data of 332 mixed-gender and 139 same-gender couples (Ntotal = 942). We found no robust mean differences between same-gender and mixed-gender couples (exception: same-gender couples are lower in emotional jealousy). Actor-Partner Interdependence Model analyses showed that Other-directed, Lighthearted, and Intellectual playfulness yielded negative relations to attachment insecurities in actors, but no partner effects. For jealousy, all types of playfulness related negatively to emotional jealousy, but Whimsical playfulness showed positive inclinations to cognitive and behavioral jealousy in actors. Partners reported greater cognitive jealousy when their partner was high in Lighthearted, whereas partners from Whimsical high scorers reported lower emotional jealousy. The findings are invariant between same-gender and mixed-gender couples. Our study extends the knowledge on how playfulness relates to experiences in close relationships in mixed-gender and same-gender couples. We discuss implications (e.g., Signal Theory of Playfulness) and future directions.
Microstructure and stress mapping in 3D at industrially relevant degrees of plastic deformation
Authors: Henningsson Axel , Kutsal Mustafacan , Wright Jonathan P. , Ludwig Wolfgang , Sørensen Henning Osholm , Hall Stephen A. , Winther Grethe , Poulsen Henning Friis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStrength, ductility, and failure properties of metals are tailored by plastic deformation routes. Predicting these properties requires modeling of the structural dynamics and stress evolution taking place on several length scales. Progress has been hampered by a lack of representative 3D experimental data at industrially relevant degrees of deformation. We present an X-ray imaging based 3D mapping of an aluminum polycrystal deformed to the ultimate tensile strength (32% elongation). The extensive dataset reveals significant intra-grain stress variations (36 MPa) up to at least half of the inter-grain variations (76 MPa), which are dominated by grain orientation effects. Local intra-grain stress concentrations are candidates for damage nucleation. Such data are important for models of structure-property relations and damage.
A blended framework for audio spoof detection with sequential models and bags of auditory bites
Authors: Sharafudeen Misaj , S S Vinod Chandra , J. Andrew , Sei Yuichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn automated speaker verification system uses the process of speech recognition to verify the identity of a user and block illicit access. Logical access attacks are efforts to obtain access to a system by tampering with its algorithms or data, or by circumventing security mechanisms. DeepFake attacks are a form of logical access threats that employs artificial intelligence to produce highly realistic audio clips of human voice, that may be used to circumvent vocal authentication systems. This paper presents a framework for the detection of Logical Access and DeepFake audio spoofings by integrating audio file components and time-frequency representation spectrograms into a lower-dimensional space using sequential prediction models. Bidirectional-LSTM trained on the bonafide class generates significant one-dimensional features for both classes. The feature set is then standardized to a fixed set using a novel Bags of Auditory Bites (BoAB) feature standardizing algorithm. The Extreme Learning Machine maps the feature space to predictions that differentiate between genuine and spoofed speeches. The framework is evaluated using the ASVspoof 2021 dataset, a comprehensive collection of audio recordings designed for evaluating the strength of speaker verification systems against spoofing attacks. It achieves favorable results on synthesized DeepFake attacks with an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 1.18% in the most optimal setting. Logical Access attacks were more challenging to detect at an EER of 12.22%. Compared to the state-of-the-arts in the ASVspoof2021 dataset, the proposed method notably improves EER for DeepFake attacks by an improvement rate of 95.16%.
Ultra-low-power consumption silicon electro-optic switch based on photonic crystal nanobeam cavity
Authors: Zhong Hua , Li Jingchi , He Yu , Zhang Ruihuan , Wang Hongwei , Shen Jian , Zhang Yong , Su Yikai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltra-low-power consumption and high-speed integrated switches are highly desirable for future data centers and high-performance optical computers. In this study, we proposed an ultra-low-power consumption silicon electro-optic switch based on photonic crystal nanobeam cavities on a foundry platform. The proposed switch showed an ultra-low static-tuning power of 0.10 mW and a calculated dynamic switching power of 6.34 fJ/bit, with a compact footprint of 18 μm × 200 μm. Additionally, a 136-Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal transmission experiment was carried out to verify the capability of the proposed electro-optic switch to support high-speed data transmission. The proposed device has the lowest static-tuning power consumption among silicon electro-optic switches and the highest data transmission rate. The results demonstrate the potential applications of this switch in high-performance optical computers, data center interconnects, optical neural networks, and programmable photonic circuits.
PDCD10 promotes the tumor-supporting functions of TGF-β in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhou Qianwen , Breitkopf-Heinlein Katja , Gaitantzi Haristi , Birgin Emrullah , Reissfelder Christoph , Rahbari Nuh N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is significantly affected by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β but targeting TGF-β can also compromize physiological effects in patients.
Our study examined the functions of the ubiquitously expressed protein, PDCD10, as a modulator of TGF-β signaling in PDAC. Using in silico analyses we found that in patient samples, PDCD10 is significantly higher expressed in PDAC tumor tissue compared with normal pancreas and it is highly correlated with reduced survival. We created stable KO’s of PDCD10 in two PDAC lines, PaTu 8902 (SMAD4 +/+) and PaTu 8988t (SMAD4 -/-), and found that KO lines are more sensitive to 5-FU and Gemcitabine treatment than their wild-type counterparts. Performing viability and wound closure assays we further found that PDCD10 promotes cell survival and proliferation by enhancing specifically the mitogenic functions of TGF-β. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect was further investigated using Western blots and with primary organoid lines derived from patient PDAC tissue samples. The data imply that PDCD10 mediates an increase in p-ERK through a non-SMAD4 pathway, leading to EMT promotion. Furthermore, PDCD10 facilitates deactivation of RB via a SMAD4-dependent pathway, thereby counter-acting the anti-proliferative actions of TGF-β. By performing proximity ligation assays (PLA) we found that PDCD10 associates with the kinase MST4, translocates it intracellularly and thereby facilitates phosphorylations of RB and ERK1/2.
Our study indicates that PDCD10 promotes the proliferative function and EMT induction of TGF-β in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, targeting PDCD10 in PDAC patients could represent a promising new strategy to optimize TGF-β targeted therapies.
Proliferation of MDSCs may indicate a lower CD4+ T cell immune response in schistosomiasis japonica
Authors: Peng Bo , Luo Yulin , Xie Shudong , Zhuang Quan , Li Junhui , Zhang Pengpeng , Liu Kai , Zhang Yu , Zhou Chen , Guo Chen , Zhou Zhaoqin , Zhou Jie , Cai Yu , Xia Meng , Cheng Ke , Ming Yingzi 
Published: August 2024

Background: Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is the main species of Schistosoma prevalent in China. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are important immunoregulatory cells and generally expand in parasite infection, but there is little research relating to MDSCs in Schistosoma infection. Methods: Fifty-six S. japonicum-infected patients were included in this study. MDSCs and percentages and absolute cell numbers of lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were detected using flow cytometry. The degree of liver fibrosis was determined using color Doppler ultrasound. Results: Patients infected with S. japonicum had a much higher percentage of MDSCs among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than the healthy control. Regarding subpopulations of MDSCs, the percentage of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) was clearly increased. Correlation analysis showed that the absolute cell counts of T-cell subsets correlated negatively with the percentages of MDSCs and G-MDSCs among PBMCs. The percentage of G-MDSCs in PBMCs was also significantly higher in patients with liver fibrosis diagnosed by color doppler ultrasound (grade > 0), and the percentage of G-MDSCs in PBMCs and liver fibrosis grading based on ultrasound showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: S. japonicum infection contributes to an increase in MDSCs, especially G-MDSCs, whose proliferation may inhibit the number of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, there is a close relationship between proliferation of G-MDSCs and liver fibrosis in S. japonicum-infected patients.
Resistance behavior of Sb7Se3 thin films based on flexible mica substrate
Authors: Wang Yukun , Hu Yifeng 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we explored the resistivity behavior of Sb7Se3 thin films on flexible mica. The films maintained their resistance characteristics through various thicknesses and bending cycles. With increasing bends, resistivity and phase transition temperature of both amorphous and crystalline states rose, while the resistance drift coefficient gradually increased. Raman and near infrared experiments confirmed the internal structural changes and bandgap enhancement after bending. Transmission electron microscopy showed enhanced crystallization and uniform element distribution after annealing. Atomic force microscopy observed cracks, explaining the property changes. Additionally, we developed a flexible Sb7Se3 thin-film resistive device with swift reversibility (∼10 ns) regardless of bending, opening new avenues for flexible information storage.
Resisting oxygen/moisture permeation in quantum dots converted optoelectronic devices
Authors: Yang Xuan , Xie Bin , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are promising semiconducting luminous nanocrystals with superior optoelectronic characteristics. Unfortunately, these nanocrystals are fragile when exposed to humid environment. Oxygen and moisture molecules could erode QDs’ structure and degrade their luminous ability, which severely hinders the wide application of QDs in optoelectronic devices. Therefore, it is significantly important to resist oxygen/moisture permeation in the packaging of these QDs converted devices. In this review, we briefly introduce the oxygen/moisture-induced degradation mechanism of QDs and then the permeation theories. Subsequently, we review some strategies for resisting oxygen/moisture permeation from a packaging perspective, and analyze them with the permeation theories. Finally, we outline some future directions for developing efficient oxygen/moisture resistance solutions of QDs converted optoelectronic devices.
Research on flexible antenna and distributed deep learning pattern recognition for partial discharge monitoring of transformer
Authors: Sun Yuexuan , Li Chang-Heng , Long Yunfeng , Huang Zhengyong , Li Jian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Power transformer is an important part of the power system, and continuous monitoring of partial discharges can provide a more reasonable program for fault diagnosis and operational maintenance of the transformer. However, the rigid partial discharge UHF antenna can not be installed in a conformal fit with the monitored equipment, and the partial discharge UHF signal attenuation is serious, resulting in low detection energy efficiency and gain performance can not meet the demand. The centralized deep learning local discharge pattern recognition method has low training efficiency, and distributed deep learning can improve the training efficiency, but the heterogeneous data from multiple sources will reduce the model accuracy. Due to this, this paper designs a UHF flexible composite helical antenna with miniaturization, wide bandwidth, high gain and high bending deformation stability, and investigates a federated learning pattern recognition method based on residual contraction network, which substantially improves the training efficiency while ensuring the accuracy.
Zr doped C24 fullerene as efficient hydrogen storage material: insights from DFT simulations
Authors: Kundu Ajit , Jaiswal Ankita , Ray Pranoy , Sahu Sridhar , Chakraborty Brahmananda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article, we report the hydrogen storage capacity of zirconium (Zr) decorated C24 fullerene using state-of-the-art density functional theory simulations. Our study shows that zirconium, like most other transition metals, tends to bind strongly on the C–C bridge of C24 fullerene with a maximum binding energy of −3.64 eV. Each Zr atom decorated over C24 fullerene can adsorb a maximum of 7H2 molecules with an average adsorption energy of −0.51 eV/H2, leading to a gravimetric density of 7.9 wt%, which is higher than the prescribed target of 6.5 wt% set by United States-Department of Energy. There is a charge transfer from Zr to C atoms in C24 fullerene, which is the primary cause of the binding of Zr with C24 fullerene. H2 molecules are adsorbed over Zr sorption sites via Kubas-type interactions, which include charge donation from the filled s orbitals of hydrogen to the vacant 4d orbital of Zr and subsequent back charge donation to unfilled s* orbital of hydrogen from the filled 4d orbital of Zr. The structural stability of the Zr + C24 system at a high temperature of 500 K is verified using ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations. The high diffusion energy barrier of Zr (2.33 eV) inhibits clustering between the Zr atoms decorated on the C24 fullerene and ensures the system’s practical feasibility as a high-capacity H2 adsorbing system. Therefore, our computational studies confirm that Zr decorated C24 fullerene is stable and can be regarded as a potential candidate for H2 storage systems with optimum adsorption energy range.
Performance optimization of eco-friendly CH3NH3SnI3 based perovskite solar cell employing CH3NH3SnBr3 as hole transport layer by SCAPS-1D device simulator
Authors: Dev Tathagat Bhanj , Rajpoot Sakshee , Srivani Annaladasu , Dhar Sukanta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the theoretical aspects of third-generation perovskite solar cells (PSC), with the aim of replacing traditional silicon-based counterparts. With potential for higher efficiency and low manufacturing costs, perovskite cells offer unique crystallographic structures allowing adjustments to photoluminescence wavelength. This research addresses challenges in cost-effective solar spectrum utilization and optimization of parameters, device architecture, and materials for high-efficiency cells. In this study, we simulated a perovskite-based solar cell (CH3NH3SnI3) using solar cell capacitance simulator-one dimension simulator under AM 1.5G illumination. The chosen electron transport layer is TiO2, and hole transport layer is CH3NH3SnBr3. The simulation explores variations in layer thickness, defect concentration, interface defects, doping concentration and electron affinity. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of back metal contact work function and temperature variations. Results indicate optimal absorber layer thickness at 0.5 µm. Reduced defect concentrations, increased doping concentration and a higher work function for the back contact, enhance efficiency of PSC. The initial parameters yielded a 19.79% efficiency based on base values before optimization, which increased to 26.66% after optimization. According to the latest NREL data, the highest reported efficiency for PSC is 26.1%. This research provides insights into perovskite-based solar cell design for enhanced efficiency.