bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of anisotropic pressure on viscosity and electrorheology of diethylene glycol-based MgAl2O4 nanofluids
Authors: Żyła Gaweł , Grzywa Joanna , Witek Adam , Cholewa Marian 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper presents results of rheological experiments on viscosity under anisotropic pressure and in electric field of diethylene glycol-based MgAl2O4 nanofluids. Nanofluids have been prepared in a two-step method. The dynamic viscosity of nanofluids with various mass concentrations of nanoparticles was measured in the range of shear rates from 10 s −1 to 1,000 s −1 in constant temperature under the pressure of 7.5 MPa. In the second type of experiments, different values of the electric field up to 2,000 V/mm was used. Thixotropy structure of MgAl2O4-DG nanofluids has been studied in electrical field.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptional profiling analysis of auxin response-related gene families in cucumber
Authors: Wu Jian , Liu Songyu , Guan Xiaoyan , Chen Lifei , He Yanjun , Wang Jie , Lu Gang 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Auxin signaling has a vital function in the regulation of plant growth and development, both which are known to be mediated by auxin-responsive genes. So far, significant progress has been made toward the identification and characterization of auxin-response genes in several model plants, while no systematic analysis for these families was reported in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a reference species for Cucurbitaceae crops. The comprehensive analyses will help design experiments for functional validation of their precise roles in plant development and stress responses.

Results
A genome-wide search for auxin-response gene homologues identified 16 auxin-response factors (ARFs), 27 auxin/indole acetic acids (Aux/IAAs), 10 Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3s), 61 small auxin-up mRNAs (SAURs), and 39 lateral organ boundaries (LBDs) in cucumber. Sequence analysis together with the organization of putative motifs indicated the potential diverse functions of these five auxin-related family members. The distribution and density of auxin response-related genes on chromosomes were not uniform. Evolutionary analysis showed that the chromosomal segment duplications mainly contributed to the expansion of the CsARF, CsIAA, CsGH3, and CsLBD gene families. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that many ARFs, AUX/IAAs, GH3s, SAURs, and LBD genes were expressed in diverse patterns within different organs/tissues and during different development stages. They were also implicated in IAA, methyl jasmonic acid, or salicylic acid response, which is consistent with the finding that a great number of diverse cis-elements are present in their promoter regions involving a variety of signaling transduction pathways.

Conclusion
Genome-wide comparative analysis of auxin response-related family genes and their expression analysis provide new evidence for the potential role of auxin in development and hormone response of plants. Our data imply that the auxin response genes may be involved in various vegetative and reproductive developmental processes. Furthermore, they will be involved in different signal pathways and may mediate the crosstalk between various hormone responses.
Burchellin: study of bioactivity against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Narciso Juliana Oliveira Abreu , Soares Renata Oliveira de Araújo , Reis dos Santos Mallet Jacenir , Guimarães Anthony Érico , de Oliveira Chaves Maria Célia , Barbosa-Filho José Maria , Maleck Marise 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 is a widespread insect pest of serious medical importance. Since no effective vaccine is available for treating dengue, the eradication or control of the main mosquito vector is regarded as essential. Since conventional insecticides have limited success, plants may be an alternative source of larvicidal agents, since they contain a rich source of bioactive chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the neolignan burchellin isolated from Ocotea cymbarum (Lauraceae), a plant from the Amazon region, against third instar larvae of A. aegypti.

Methods
Burchellin obtained from O. cymbarum was analyzed. The inhibitory activity against A. aegypti eggs and larvae and histological changes in the digestive system of treated L3 larvae were evaluated. In addition, nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide levels were determined, and cytotoxicity bioassays performed.

Results
The data showed that burchellin interfered with the development cycle of the mosquito, where its strongest toxic effect was 100% mortality in larvae (L3) at concentrations ≥ 30 ppm. This compound did not show target cell toxicity in peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice, and proved to have molecular stability when dissolved in water. The L3 and L4 larvae treated with the compound showed cellular destruction and disorganization, cell spacing, and vacuolization of epithelial cells in small regions of the midgut.

Conclusion
The neolignan burchellin proved to be a strong candidate for a natural, safe and stable phytolarvicidal to be used in population control of A. aegypti.
A new tool for assessment and monitoring of community and ecosystem change based on multivariate abundance data integration from different taxonomic groups
Authors: Mueller Melanie , Pander Joachim , Geist Juergen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The integrative assessment of responses to environmental disturbance simultaneously considering multiple taxonomic groups or guilds has become increasingly important in ecological monitoring. The most common solution to combine data of different taxonomic groups is the calculation of compound indices comprising several individual indicators. However, these indices run the risk of cancelling out underlying trends when single components change in different directions. In contrast, multivariate community analyses are supposed to be more sensitive to detect environmental responses, since information on the abundance of multiple species is not reduced to a single dimension.

Results
We propose a new standardised approach for multivariate community analyses on ecosystem scale, based on a combined data matrix from different taxonomic groups. The power of these multivariate analyses is compared with two single score indices integrating data from all involved taxonomic groups (Ecological Quality Class according to the European Water Framework Directive and Shannon diversity). The multivariate indication of ecosystem change was much more sensitive and powerful in detecting and monitoring environmental impacts and restoration effects than single numeric score indices.

Conclusions
Compared to common monitoring systems based on compound indices, the multivariate analysis of multiple taxonomic groups is feasible with the same sampling effort, and independent of the investigation scale and the occurrence of certain indicator taxa. Since ecological community data are structured similarly throughout freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the presented methods for data combination and multivariate indication can be analogously applied in any other habitats and can improve data integration across ecosystem borders.
Quality of Life in MAP.3 (Mammary Prevention 3): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Exemestane for Prevention of Breast Cancer
Authors: Maunsell Elizabeth , Goss Paul E. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Ingle James N. , Alés-Martínez José E. , Sarto Gloria E. , Fabian Carol J. , Pujol Pascal , Ruiz Amparao , Cooke Andrew L. , Hendrix Susan , Thayer Debra W. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Dubé Pierre , Spadafora Silvana , Pruthi Sandhya , Lickley Lavina , Ellard Susan L. , Cheung Angela M. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Gelmon Karen A. , Johnston Dianne , Hiltz Andrea , Brundage Michael , Pater Joseph L. , Tu Dongsheng , Richardson Harriet 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Exemestane, a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, reduced invasive breast cancer incidence by 65% among 4,560 postmenopausal women randomly assigned to exemestane (25 mg per day) compared with placebo in the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 (Mammary Prevention 3) trial, but effects on quality of life (QOL) were not fully described. Patients and Methods Menopause-specific and health-related QOL were assessed by using the four Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) domains and the eight Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scales at baseline, 6 months, and yearly thereafter. MENQOL questionnaire completion was high (88% to 98%) in both groups at each follow-up visit. Change scores for each MENQOL and SF-36 scale, calculated at each assessment time relative to baseline, were compared by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Clinically important worsened QOL was defined as a MENQOL change score increase of more than 0.5 (of 8) points and an SF-36 change score decrease of more than 5 (of 100) points from baseline. Results Exemestane had small negative effects on women's self-reported vasomotor symptoms, sexual symptoms, and pain, which occurred mainly in the first 6 months to 2 years after random assignment. However, these changes represented only a small excess number of women being given exemestane with clinically important worsening of QOL at one time or another; specifically, 8% more in the vasomotor domain and 4% more each in the sexual domain and for pain. No other between-group differences were observed. Overall, slightly more women in the exemestane arm (32%) than in the placebo arm (28%) discontinued assigned treatment. Conclusion Exemestane given for prevention has limited negative impact on menopause-specific and health-related QOL in healthy postmenopausal women at risk for breast cancer.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of 5-Day Intermittent Oral Lapatinib Therapy in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Overexpressing Breast Cancer
Authors: Chien A. Jo , Munster Pamela N. , Melisko Michelle E. , Rugo Hope S. , Park John W. , Goga Andrei , Auerback Glenna , Khanafshar Elham , Ordovas Karen , Koch Kevin M. , Moasser Mark M. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose The highly effective treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2–amplified breast cancer has proven challenging because of a signal buffering capacity inherent in the functionally relevant HER2-HER3 target. HER2-HER3 signaling can be inactivated by doses of lapatinib that fully inactivate the HER2 kinase. In mouse models, such doses are not tolerable in continuous administration, but they are tolerable and highly effective in intermittent dosing. We pursued the clinical translation of this treatment hypothesis. Patients and Methods We conducted a phase I dose-escalation study in women with advanced HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Lapatinib was administered on days 1 through 5 of repeating 14-day cycles. Dose escalation was conducted using a 3+3 design with plasma lapatinib level monitoring. Results Forty patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 34 patients were evaluable for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Lapatinib dose was escalated to 7,000 mg per day in twice-daily dosing with no DLTs; however, plasma lapatinib concentrations plateaued in this dose range. Additional cohorts evaluated strategies to increase lapatinib exposure, including the food effect, CYP3A4 inhibition, and dose fractionation. Of these, only ketoconazole was able to increase lapatinib exposure, despite highly variable lapatinib bioavailability. Intolerable exposure levels were not encountered. Eight patients (20%) experienced grade 3 diarrhea. Six patients achieved a response, and dramatic responses were seen in three patients with lapatinib concentrations approaching 10,000 ng/mL. Conclusion Lapatinib exposure can be safely and significantly increased through intermittent dosing but reaches a ceiling that currently impedes clinical translation of the treatment hypothesis. Preliminary efficacy data suggest that exposures approaching those seen in mouse models can result in highly significant tumor responses.
What Is the Value of the Routine Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Toward Improvement of Patient Outcomes, Processes of Care, and Health Service Outcomes in Cancer Care? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials
Authors: Kotronoulas Grigorios , Kearney Nora , Maguire Roma , Harrow Alison , Di Domenico David , Croy Suzanne , MacGillivray Stephen 
Published: April 2014

Purpose The systematic use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has been advocated as an effective way to standardize cancer practice. Yet, the question of whether PROMs can lead to actual improvements in the quality of patient care remains under debate. This review examined whether inclusion of PROM in routine clinical practice is associated with improvements in patient outcomes, processes of care, and health service outcomes during active anticancer treatment. Methods A systematic review of five electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL [Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature], PsycINFO, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection [PBSC]) was conducted from database inception to May 2012 to locate randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials of patients receiving active anticancer treatment or supportive care irrespective of type of cancer. Results Based on prespecified eligibility criteria, we included 26 articles that reported on 24 unique controlled trials. Wide variability in the design and use of interventions delivered, outcomes evaluated, and cancer- and modality-specific context was apparent. Health service outcomes were only scarcely included as end points. Overall, the number of statistically significant findings were limited and PROMs' intervention effect sizes were predominantly small-to-moderate. Conclusion The routine use of PROMs increases the frequency of discussion of patient outcomes during consultations. In some studies, PROMs are associated with improved symptom control, increased supportive care measures, and patient satisfaction. Additional effort is required to ensure patient adherence, as well as additional support to clinicians who will respond to patient concerns and issues, with clear system guidelines in place to guide their responses. More research is required to support PROM cost-benefit in terms of patient safety, clinician burden, and health services usage.
Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery With Whole-Breast Irradiation in Stage I and II Invasive Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Endorsement of the Society of Surgical Oncology/American Society for Radiation Oncology Consensus Guideline
Authors: Buchholz Thomas A. , Somerfield Mark R. , Griggs Jennifer J. , El-Eid Souzan , Hammond M. Elizabeth H. , Lyman Gary H. , Mason Ginny , Newman Lisa A. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose The Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO)/American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) guideline on surgical margins for breast-conserving surgery with whole-breast irradiation in stage I and II invasive breast cancer was considered for endorsement. Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing practice guidelines developed by other organizations. ASCO staff reviewed the SSO/ASTRO guideline for developmental rigor; an ASCO ad hoc review panel of experts reviewed the guideline content. Results The ASCO ad hoc guideline review panel concurred that the recommendations are clear, thorough, and based on the most relevant scientific evidence in this content area and that they present options acceptable to patients. According to the SSO/ASTRO guideline, the use of no ink on tumor (ie, no cancer cells adjacent to any inked edge/surface of specimen) as the standard for an adequate margin in invasive cancer in the era of multidisciplinary therapy is associated with low rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and has the potential to decrease re-excision rates, improve cosmetic outcomes, and decrease health care costs. Conclusion The ASCO review panel endorses the SSO/ASTRO recommendations with qualifications, as follows. The panel reinforces and amplifies the guideline authors' call for the monitoring of outcomes of the guideline at the institutional level, as institutions transition to adopting the SSO/ASTRO recommendations; would place greater emphasis on the importance of postlumpectomy mammography for cases involving microcalcifications; and calls for flexibility in the application of the guideline in light of the generally weak evidence supporting the recommendations.
Testosterone Dose-Response Relationships With Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Androgen-Deficient Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Grace , Tang Elizabeth , Aakil Adam , Anderson Stephan , Jara Hernan , Davda Maithili , Stroh Helene , Travison Thomas G. , Bhasin Shalender , Basaria Shehzad 
Published: April 2014

Objective:
To determine dose-dependent effects of T administration on cardiovascular risk markers in women with low T levels.

Methods:
Seventy-one hysterectomized women with or without oophorectomy with total T &lt; 31 ng/dL and/or free T &lt; 3.5 pg/mL received a standardized transdermal estradiol regimen during the 12-week run-in period and were then randomized to receive weekly im injections of placebo or 3-, 6.25-, 12.5-, or 25-mg T enanthate for 24 weeks. Total and free T levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis, respectively. Insulin resistance and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline and 24 weeks. In a subset of women, magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen was performed to quantify abdominal fat volume.

Results:
Fifty-nine women who completed the 24-week intervention were included in the final analysis. The five groups were similar at baseline. Mean on-treatment nadir total T concentrations were 14, 79, 105, 130, and 232 ng/dL in the placebo group and the 3-, 6.25-, 12.5-, and 25-mg groups, respectively. No significant changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, blood pressure, and heart rate were observed at any T dose when compared to placebo. Similarly, no dose- or concentration-dependent changes were observed in abdominal fat on magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusion:
Short-term T administration over a wide range of doses for 24 weeks in women with low T levels was not associated with worsening of cardiovascular risk markers.
Novel DNA Motif Binding Activity Observed In Vivo With an Estrogen Receptor α Mutant Mouse
Authors: Hewitt Sylvia C. , Li Leping , Grimm Sara A. , Winuthayanon Wipawee , Hamilton Katherine J. , Pockette Brianna , Rubel Cory A. , Pedersen Lars C. , Fargo David , Lanz Rainer B. , DeMayo Francesco J. , Schütz Günther , Korach Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEstrogen receptor α (ERα) interacts with DNA directly or indirectly via other transcription factors, referred to as “tethering.” Evidence for tethering is based on in vitro studies and a widely used “KIKO” mouse model containing mutations that prevent direct estrogen response element DNA- binding. KIKO mice are infertile, due in part to the inability of estradiol (E2) to induce uterine epithelial proliferation. To elucidate the molecular events that prevent KIKO uterine growth, regulation of the pro-proliferative E2 target gene Klf4 and of Klf15, a progesterone (P4) target gene that opposes the pro-proliferative activity of KLF4, was evaluated. Klf4 induction was impaired in KIKO uteri; however, Klf15 was induced by E2 rather than by P4. Whole uterine chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed enrichment of KIKO ERα binding to hormone response elements (HREs) motifs. KIKO binding to HRE motifs was verified using reporter gene and DNA-binding assays. Because the KIKO ERα has HRE DNA-binding activity, we evaluated the “EAAE” ERα, which has more severe DNA-binding domain mutations, and demonstrated a lack of estrogen response element or HRE reporter gene induction or DNA-binding. The EAAE mouse has an ERα null–like phenotype, with impaired uterine growth and transcriptional activity. Our findings demonstrate that the KIKO mouse model, which has been used by numerous investigators, cannot be used to establish biological functions for ERα tethering, because KIKO ERα effectively stimulates transcription using HRE motifs. The EAAE-ERα DNA-binding domain mutant mouse demonstrates that ERα DNA-binding is crucial for biological and transcriptional processes in reproductive tissues and that ERα tethering may not contribute to estrogen responsiveness in vivo.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of GATA-3 Expression in ER-Negative Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Shi Jianhui , Prichard Jeffrey W. , Gong Yun , Lin Fan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Estrogen receptor (ER), gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), and mammaglobin (MGB) are commonly used breast-specific immunomarkers; however, about half of metastatic breast carcinomas are negative for all three. GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) has emerged recently as a sensitive and relatively specific immunomarker for breast and urothelial carcinomas, but the data documenting its expression in ER-negative breast carcinomas are limited; this often poses a dilemma in the setting of metastases. The purpose of this study is to investigate expression of GATA-3 in ER-negative breast carcinomas.

Methods
Immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA-3, GCDFP-15, and MGB on 96 ER-negative breast carcinomas was performed.

Results
Overall, 69% (66/96), 15% (14/96), and 35% (34/96) of ER-negative breast carcinomas expressed GATA-3, GCDFP-15, and MGB, respectively.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that GATA-3 is, so far, the best breast-specific immunomarker, especially when encountering ER-negative metastatic breast carcinomas. GATA-3 should be included in the panel of immunomarkers in the workup of tumors of unknown primary.
The Institutional Transformation of China’s Stock Exchanges: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lyu Kai 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA stock exchange is a place to list and trade stocks. Many Anglo-American exchanges have seen a dramatic transformation from mutual membership organizations to for-profit and even self-listed corporations. In contrast, China’s exchanges still maintain the “strange” characteristic – they are a hybrid body of membership and bureaucracy. Their distinctions can be explained through the market-induced approach and authority-imposed approach. The advent of Anglo-American exchanges is mainly induced by market players, while their compelling transformations are jointly driven by market players and pro-competition authorities. However, the creation, formulation and evolution of China’s exchanges are imposed firstly by local authorities for institutional control and then by central authorities for institutional control. Although the growing market factors have been to some extent considered by Chinese authorities over the last few years, there is little possibility that market forces will fundamentally change the structure of China’s exchanges. The exchanges will be continuously dominated and controlled by authorities, so the same institutional transformations as Anglo-American exchanges will not occur in China in the foreseeable future.