bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Hepatitis C Risk Factors and Infection Prevalence in a Jail Population
Authors: Wenger Philip J. , Rottnek Fred , Parker Todd , Crippin Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We sought to validate previous reports of HCV prevalence in jails, identify HCV risk factors prevalence, and identify risk factors associated with HCV infection in this population. Methods. Inmates at the Buzz Westfall Justice Center (BWJC) in St. Louis, Missouri, were offered risk factor screening for HCV and anti-HCV antibody testing from December 2012 through May 2013. Demographic and risk factor information were assessed for significant associations with positive HCV antibody results. Risk factors that were significantly associated in univariate analysis were assessed using binary logistic regression to model the relationship between positive HCV results and the risk factors and demographics. Results. Fifty of 304 inmates were positive for HCV, with a prevalence of 16.4%. The risk factors significantly associated with increased risk for positive HCV antibody were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.15 for each year), injection drug use (OR = 53.87; 95% CI = 17.78, 163.21), sex with HCV-positive partner (OR = 7.35; 95% CI = 1.41, 38.20), and tattoos by a nonlicensed provider (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.09, 6.33). Prevalence for women was 3 times that of men (38% vs 12%). Conclusions. Prevalence of HCV at BWJC was similar to previous jail studies, which is lower than reported prison rates and higher than the general population.
Determinants of Mental Health and Self-Rated Health: A Model of Socioeconomic Status, Neighborhood Safety, and Physical Activity
Authors: Meyer Oanh L. , Castro-Schilo Laura , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on mental health and self-rated health (SRH), and evaluated how these relationships might vary by race/ethnicity, age, and gender. Methods. We analyzed data of 44 921 adults who responded to the 2009 California Health Interview Survey. We used a path analysis to test effects of SES, neighborhood safety, and physical activity on mental health and SRH. Results. Low SES was associated with greater neighborhood safety concerns, which were negatively associated with physical activity, which was then negatively related to mental health and SRH. This model was similar across different racial/ethnic and gender groups, but mean levels in the constructs differed across groups. Conclusions. SES plays an important role in SRH and mental health, and this effect is further nuanced by race/ethnicity and gender. Identifying the psychological (neighborhood safety) and behavioral (physical activity) factors that influence mental health and SRH is critical for tailoring interventions and designing programs that can improve overall health.
The Effect of a “Maintain, Don’t Gain” Approach to Weight Management on Depression Among Black Women: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Steinberg Dori M. , Askew Sandy , Lanpher Michele G. , Foley Perry B. , Levine Erica L. , Bennett Gary G. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We evaluated the effect of a weight gain prevention intervention (Shape Program) on depression among socioeconomically disadvantaged overweight and obese Black women. Methods. Between 2009 and 2012, we conducted a randomized trial comparing a 12-month electronic health–based weight gain prevention intervention to usual primary care at 5 central North Carolina community health centers. We assessed depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). We analyzed change in depression score from baseline to 12- and 18-month follow-up across groups with mixed models. We used generalized estimating equation models to analyze group differences in the proportion above the clinical threshold for depression (PHQ-8 score ≥ 10). Results. At baseline, 20% of participants reported depression. Twelve-month change in depression scores was larger for intervention participants (mean difference = −1.85; 95% confidence interval = −3.08, −0.61; P = .004). There was a significant reduction in the proportion of intervention participants with depression at 12 months with no change in the usual-care group (11% vs 19%; P = .035). All effects persisted after we controlled for weight change and medication use. We saw similar findings at 18 months. Conclusions. The Shape Program, which includes no mention of mood, improved depression among socioeconomically disadvantaged Black women.
Insurance Continuity and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Oregon and California Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Cowburn Stuart , Carlson Matthew , Lapidus Jodi , Heintzman John , Bailey Steffani , DeVoe Jennifer 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We examined the association between insurance continuity and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in a network of federally qualified health clinics (FQHCs). Methods. We analyzed retrospective electronic health record data for females, aged 9–26 years in 2008 through 2010. Based on electronic health record insurance coverage information, patients were categorized by percent of time insured during the study period (0%, 1%–32%, 33%–65%, 66%–99%, or 100%). We used bilevel multivariable Poisson regression to compare vaccine-initiation prevalence between insurance groups, stratified by race/ethnicity and age. We also examined vaccine series completion among initiators who had at least 12 months to complete all 3 doses. Results. Significant interactions were observed between insurance category, age, and race/ethnicity. Juxtaposed with their continuously insured peers, patients were less likely to initiate the HPV vaccine if they were insured for less than 66% of the study period, aged 13 years or older, and identified as a racial/ethnic minority. Insurance coverage was not associated with vaccine series completion. Conclusions. Disparities in vaccine uptake by insurance status were present in the FQHCs studied here, despite the fact that HPV vaccines are available to many patients regardless of ability to pay.
The Cost-Effectiveness of School-Based Eating Disorder Screening
Authors: Wright Davene R. , Austin S. Bryn , LeAnn Noh H. , Jiang Yushan , Sonneville Kendrin R. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We aimed to assess the value of school-based eating disorder (ED) screening for a hypothetical cohort of US public school students.Methods. We used a decision-analytic microsimulation model to model the effectiveness (life-years with ED and quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]), total direct costs, and cost-effectiveness (cost per QALY gained) of screening relative to current practice.Results. The screening strategy cost $2260 (95% confidence interval [CI] = $1892, $2668) per student and resulted in a per capita gain of 0.25 fewer life-years with ED (95% CI = 0.21, 0.30) and 0.04 QALYs (95% CI = 0.03, 0.05) relative to current practice. The base case cost-effectiveness of the intervention was $9041 per life-year with ED avoided (95% CI = $6617, $12 344) and $56 500 per QALY gained (95% CI = $38 805, $71 250).Conclusions. At willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50 000 and $100 000 per QALY gained, school-based ED screening is 41% and 100% likely to be cost-effective, respectively. The cost-effectiveness of ED screening is comparable to many other accepted pediatric health interventions, including hypertension screening.
Utilitarian Walking, Neighborhood Environment, and Risk of Outdoor Falls Among Older Adults
Authors: Li Wenjun , Procter-Gray Elizabeth , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Leveille Suzanne G. , Hackman Holly , Biondolillo Madeleine , Hannan Marian T. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We examined the roles of utilitarian and recreational walking in relation to occurrence of outdoor falls in older adults.Methods. We analyzed data on walking habits, falls, and fall injuries among participants of MOBILIZE Boston, a prospective cohort study of 765 community-dwelling women and men, mainly aged 70 years or older, in Boston, Massachusetts. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) indicators were assessed at census block group level. Falls were recorded during a total of 2066.5 person-years of follow-up (September 2005–December 2009), and the median length of follow-up was 2.9 years (range = 0.04–4.3).Results. Lower neighborhood SES indicators were associated with more utilitarian walking and higher rates of falls on sidewalks, streets, and curbs. Falls on sidewalks and streets were more likely to result in an injury than were falls in recreational areas. Utilitarian-only walkers tended to live in neighborhoods with the lowest neighborhood SES and had the highest rate of outdoor falls despite walking 14 and 25 fewer blocks per week than the recreational-only and dual walkers, respectively.Conclusions. Improving the safety of walking environments in areas where older adults shop and do other errands of necessity is an important component of fall prevention.
Presence of a chelydrid turtle in the late Pliocene Camp dels Ninots locality (Spain)
Authors: Claude Julien , de Soler Bruno Gomez , Campeny Gerard , Agusti Jordi , Oms Oriol 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The late Pliocene locality Camp dels Ninots is a fossil Lagerstätte that yielded an exceptionally well preserved vertebrate fauna. Several turtles were reported from this locality and were all assigned to the living species Mauremys leprosa. We describe here a second turtle taxon based on carapace material. This new taxon is identified as Chelydropsis cf. pontica. It is the first report of a chelydrid turtle in the Pliocene of the Iberian peninsula. This discovery extends the range of the species to the southwest of Europe and thereby better documents the space and time distribution of snapping turtles before their supposedly rapid disappearance in Europe.
Tectonic accretion and recycling of the continental lithosphere during the Alpine orogeny along the Pyrenees
Authors: Vanderhaeghe Olivier , Grabkowiak Alexia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to identify the fate of the continental lithosphere along the Iberia-Eurasia convergent plate boundary marked by the formation of the Pyrenean orogenic belt. The present-day volumes of crust and lithosphere beneath the Pyrenees and the volume of eroded crust redistributed in neighbo ring basins are evaluated based on a synthesis of available geological and geophysical data. The volumes that are expected to have transited across the former plate boundary are modeled taking into account Iberia-Eurasia convergence and making assumptions regarding the initial lithospheric and crustal structure of the Iberia-Eurasia plate boundary at the onset of continental collision (~83 Ma).
Despite large uncertainties, the difference between the initial and present-day lithospheric structures suggests that at 83 Ma, either the Iberia-Eurasia plate boundary was marked by a zone of thinned lithosphere (oceanic and/or continental), or the lithosphere having transited across the plate boundary has for the most part been recycled into the mantle.
At the crustal-scale, the volume of tectonically accreted crust is estimated by adding the volume of crust currently present in the Pyrenean orogenic belt to the volume of sediments deposited in neighboring basins, and by subtracting the initial volume of crust at the onset of continental collision considering two end-members, namely (i) a continental rift or (ii) a 35 km wide oceanic basin. In both cases, this tectonically accreted crustal volume is not enough to match the calculated volume of crust that has potentially transited across the plate boundary as a consequence of convergence since 83 Ma. As a result, our computation suggests that at least 30% (and as much as 63%) of the continental crust has subducted with the Iberian lithospheric slab and has been recycled into the mantle.
In addition, the synthesis of topographic and geophysical (gravity and seismic tomography) reveals a peculiar crustal and lithospheric scale structure for the current day Pyrenees characterized by (i) an elliptical-cone-shape Pyrenean mountain range underlain by an elliptical-cone-shaped crustal root pointing down, and (ii) two tongues of lithospheric mantle in the central part of the belt. These features are interpreted as reflecting redistribution of the lithospheric mantle and of the orogenic crust by ductile flow after subduction and tectonic accretion. We propose that following a period of subduction/collision from 83 to 35 Ma, the decrease in the convergence rate between Iberia-Eurasia favored thermal relaxation of the Iberian slab promoting ductile flow and the development of gravitational instabilities. We suggest that the orogenic root has been dragged down by the dense lithospheric root and that part of it has been recycled into the mantle. In this view, the current-day lithospheric tongues represent the remnants of the lithospheric root after thermal relaxation and recycling by convective removal.
A Decade after Sarbanes-Oxley: The Need for Ongoing Vigilance, Monitoring, and Research
Authors: Franzel Jeanette M. 
Published: July 2014

SYNOPSIS
After more than a decade since passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the creation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), it is appropriate and necessary to ask questions about the present state of audit quality and evaluate the impact and effectiveness of PCAOB's oversight programs. Written from the viewpoint of a current PCAOB Board member and former Managing Director of the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), this paper discusses the warning signs of serious auditing problems in the years preceding the Act, and the role that the GAO played in analyzing those risks and calling for greater oversight of the accounting profession's auditing public companies. We must be vigilant and continually examine the activities of the auditing profession and the regulatory regime to ensure that audit independence and audit quality remain front and center to ensure investor protection and safeguard the public interest. Academic researchers play a key role in this system of vigilance. This paper provides views on many areas within the auditing profession that would benefit from further research and analysis, as well as opportunities for research that could be useful to the PCAOB as it considers current and future regulatory priorities.
Late Secularization and Religion as Alien
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe argument that modernization and secularization are linked in some non-accidental and nontautological manner is sometimes rebutted with the assertion that the statistical evidence of decline in indices of interest in religion in the UK and elsewhere in the modern world is a mere trend that may be changed by a revival of interest in religion. This essay considers the obstacles to such a revival. It makes the case that ‘late secularization’ differs in three important ways from ‘early secularization’. The shared stock of religious knowledge is small, the public reputation of religion is poor, and religion is carried primarily by populations that are unusual in being drawn either from a narrow demographic or from immigrant peoples. Given the role of affective social bonds in religious conversion, the alien nature of the carriers of religion makes religious revival extremely unlikely.
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Response to Posteriorly Directed Pressure Applied to the Cervical Spine in Young, Pain-Free Individuals: A Randomized, Repeated-Measures, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Yung Emmanuel , Wong Michael , Williams Haddie , Mache Kyle 
Published: July 2014

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Objectives To compare the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response of healthy volunteers to posteriorly directed (anterior-to-posterior [AP]) pressure applied to the cervical spine versus placebo. Background Manual therapists employ cervical spine AP mobilizations for various cervical-shoulder pain conditions. However, there is a paucity of literature describing the procedure, cardiovascular response, and safety profile. Methods Thirty-nine (25 female) healthy participants (mean ± SD age, 24.7 ± 1.9 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 received a placebo, consisting of light touch applied to the right C6 costal process. Group 2 received AP pressure at the same location. Blood pressure and HR were measured prior to, during, and after the application of AP pressure. One-way analysis of variance and paired-difference statistics were used for data analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups for mean systolic BP, mean diastolic BP, and mean HR (P >.05) for all time points. Within-group comparisons indicated statistically significant differences between baseline and post-AP pressure HR (−2.8 bpm; 95% confidence interval: −4.6, −1.1) and between baseline and post-AP pressure systolic BP (−2.4 mmHg; 95% confidence interval: −3.7, −1.0) in the AP group, and between baseline and postplacebo systolic BP (−2.6 mmHg; 95% confidence interval: −4.2, −1.0) in the placebo group. No participants reported any adverse reactions or side effects within 24 hours of testing. Conclusion AP pressure caused a statistically significant physiologic response that resulted in a minor drop in HR (without causing asystole or vasodepression) after the procedure, whereas this cardiovascular change did not occur for those in the placebo group. Within both groups, there was a small but statistically significant reduction in systolic BP following the procedure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):622–626. Epub 16 July 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4820
Pressure Pain Sensitivity Changes After Use of Shock-Absorbing Insoles Among Young Soccer Players Training on Artificial Turf: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Madeleine Pascal , Hoej Brian P. , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Rathleff Michael S. , Kaalund Søren 
Published: July 2014

Study Design Prospective, randomized, controlled single-blind intervention trial. Objectives Shock-absorbing insoles (SAIs), compared with usual insoles, were hypothesized to result in larger increases in pressure pain threshold (PPT) after 3 weeks of use. Background Shock-absorbing insoles can decrease self-reported pain among young soccer players training on artificial turf. However, nothing is known about the underlying changes in pain sensitivity assessed by PPT. Methods Seventy-five players were included from the youth teams of under 15, under 17, and under 19 years of age, playing for the Aalborg Boldspilklub (AaB) professional sports club. After a randomization stratified by team and age, players were divided into 2 groups, one that received SAIs and a control group that used their usual insoles. Assessments were made in both groups after 3 weeks of training on artificial turf (baseline) and 3 weeks later (follow-up). The primary outcome was change in PPTs from baseline to follow-up, with PPTs measured over 13 locations on the plantar surface of the foot, leg, and low back of the nonpreferred kicking leg. Results A significantly larger increase was found in PPTs from baseline to follow-up for the SAI group compared with the control group (mean difference, 62 kPa; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40, 85 kPa). The PPTs increased significantly more among the SAI group compared with the control group (P<.05) for the abductor digiti minimi (mean difference, 82 kPa; 95% CI: 6, 157 kPa), tibialis anterior (mean difference, 125 kPa; 95% CI: 20, 230 kPa), medial gastrocnemius (mean difference, 83 kPa; 95% CI: −6, 171 kPa), and erector spinae (mean difference, 86 kPa; 95% CI: −17, 188 kPa). Conclusion The use of SAIs resulted in increased PPTs after 3 weeks of training on artificial turf compared with controls, suggesting a protective role of SAIs in pressure sensitivity and pain perception. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):587–594. Epub 16 July 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5117
Doctor Who: Christianity, Atheism, and the Source of Sacredness in the Davies Years
Authors: Balstrup Sarah 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:This article investigates the religious worldview presented by the television program Doctor Who between 2005 and 2009, when outspoken atheist Russell T. Davies worked as head writer. It is argued that in the Davies period, Doctor Who is religiously significant in three ways. Symbolically, it is deeply concerned with Christianity and the function of the Christ figure, while ideologically the program is aligned with New Atheism. At a subtler level, romantic love and friendship then take on quasi-mystical qualities through their definition as ultimately important and through their association with the unexplained.
Technological aspects of the final phase of drilling borehole 5G and unsealing Vostok Subglacial Lake, East Antarctica
Authors: Lukin Valery V. , Vasiliev Nikolay I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper considers the state of the deep ice borehole 5G at the Russian Antarctic Vostok station after penetration to the surface water of Vostok Subglacial Lake. It discusses the peculiar features of drilling the ‘fresh frozen’ lake water that has risen in the borehole and the technology for subsequent study of the lake water layer via borehole 5G filled with a kerosene–Freon® mixture. The extremely high rise of lake water via the borehole is attributed to a hydraulic fracture at the side of the borehole, which diverted a large amount of drilling fluid. The proposed technology for the study of the water layer envisages minimal environmental impact and excludes penetration of any of the kerosene–Freon® mixture to the water layer. This technology has been presented several times at different international forums. There was no critical comment on the Environmental Impact Assessment of the technology at the 37th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in 2014 and it was adopted for implementation.
Variation in susceptibility to wind along the trunk of an isolated Larix kaempferi (Pinaceae) tree
Authors: Minamino Ryoko , Tateno Masaki 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: The force of the wind is a significant hazard to the survival of trees and can affect tree morphology. However, the actual distribution of the stress that wind causes to a tree trunk is not well understood in spite of its expected importance to tree morphology. The uniform stress hypothesis (i.e., tree trunks take a form that equalizes the distribution of stress along the outer surface of the stem) has been tested indirectly as a model, placing high importance on the mechanical safety of a trunk, and rejected theoretically. But stress on a tree's trunk has not yet been measured directly.• Methods: Actual strains at the surface of the trunk of an isolated Larix kaempferi tree due to wind loads were measured at seven heights on the trunk for 1 yr.• Key results: During the measurement period, wind‐induced stress was higher in the upper portions of the trunk than in the lower portions, regardless of wind speed, and the difference increased as wind speed increased. The deflection of the trunk recorded at each position was also larger in the upper portions than in the lower portions.• Conclusions: The results indicate that the upper portions of the trunk of an isolated Larix kaempferi tree are more susceptible to wind than are the lower portions. These results do not support the uniform stress hypothesis and suggest that another limitation (either mechanical or nonmechanical) acts on the morphology of the tree.