bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast and reliable microplate reader assay to assess the antiviral efficacy of cold plasma devices
Authors: Bekeschus Sander , Skowski Henry , Hahn Veronika , Bansemer Robert , Gerling Torsten , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , von Woedtke Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpurred by global COVID‐19, work in recent years has demonstrated that various devices based on technology generating cold plasma are capable of reducing the infectivity of virus particles. There is great potential in this approach, which is, however, hampered by the ability of most cold plasma science laboratories to test for antiviral effects of their individual plasma sources in sophisticated mammalian cell test systems. To this end, we developed a quick, simple, and fast assay system based on bacteriophages and their ability to lyse bacterial hosts, which can be monitored in readily available microplate readers. We successfully demonstrated the principal ability of this approach using two types of plasma jets, different microplate readers, and two different bacteriophage strains.
A Biogeochemical Study of Greenhouse Gas Formation From Two Ice Complexes of Batagay Megaslump, East Siberia
Authors: Park Hansu , Ko Na‐Yeon , Kim JeongEun , Opel Thomas , Meyer Hanno , Wetterich Sebastian , Fedorov Alexander , Shepelev Andrei G. , Jung Hyejung , Ahn Jinho 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTRapidly changing permafrost landscapes are a potential key terrestrial source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) at a global scale, yet, remain poorly characterized regarding GHG origins and environmental controls on emissions. Subsurface ice wedges, commonly found across many permafrost landscapes, harbor GHG‐rich gas bubbles. Analyzing these bubbles aids comprehension of subzero temperature GHG formation in permafrost. The Batagay megaslump, Earth's largest known thaw slump in northern Yakutia, provides an opportunity to study mixing ratios and isotopic compositions of both GHGs and non‐GHG in ice wedge samples from two stratigraphic units: the Upper Ice Complex (UIC) and the Lower Ice Complex (LIC). The Ar/N2/O2 compositions and bubble shapes indicated that the studied ice wedges were likely formed through dry snow and/or hoarfrost compaction, and microbial activity remained active after ice wedge formation. The high CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios and carbon stable isotope values suggested that CO2 and CH4 primarily originated from microbial sources. N2O showed an “exclusive relation” with CH4—meaning that high N2O is observed only when CH4 is low, and vice versa—and N2O mixing ratios vary at different depths. These findings suggest that GHG formation in ice wedges is not solely controlled by physiochemical conditions, but involves a complex interplay between microbial activity and environmental conditions. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics involved in GHG formation within degrading permafrost landscapes.
Enhanced Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Actinobacterial Therapeutic Metabolites Mediated Nanosuspension
Authors: Singh Shelly , Sharma Shilpa , Dubey Ashok K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe escalation in infections from World Health Organization (WHO)‐listed priority pathogens has made development of new antibacterial agents a critical priority. In this context, use of therapeutic secondary metabolites (SMs) from Actinobacteria as new drugs presents a promising avenue. However, majority of them fail to reach market due to low aqueous solubility and hence low bioavailability. Even though nanosuspension technology has been effectively used to address these challenges, use of this technology for nanox02010;listed priority pathogens has made development of new antibacterial agents a critical priority. In thitransformation of crude metabolites from Actinobacteria is still an unattempted area. Herein, for the first time, development of water‐soluble nanosuspension of water‐insoluble therapeutic metabolites produced by Streptomyces californicus strain ADR1 to develop a biocompatible material to be used as potential nanomedicine is reported. The nanosuspension (N‐SM) is characterized by UV‐vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The nanosuspension reduces the MIC values by 50% against Gram‐positive priority pathogens and eradicates established biofilms with fivefold efficiency incomparison to SMs. The nanosuspension also displays antioxidant activity. The findings open up future possibilities of using this novel nanosuspension as an effective antibacterial agent in various therapeutic and biomedical applications like wound dressings, coatings on medical equipment, and surgical implants.
Estimating sensitivity with the Bruceton method: Setting the record straight
Authors: Christensen Dennis , Novik Geir Petter , Unneberg Erik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate estimates of sensitivities of energetic materials are crucial for ensuring safe production, transport, usage and destruction of explosives. When estimating sensitivities, researchers most commonly follow the NATO standard guidelines (STANAGs), in which the Bruceton method is imposed. Introduced in 1948, this method contains (i) an experimental design for choosing which stimulus levels to measure at and (ii) a recipe for computing sensitivity estimates. Although the former experimental design is supported by both theory and simulations, few modern researchers are aware that the latter recipe was only intended as a pen‐and‐paper approximation of the maximum likelihood estimates, which are easy to compute today. The persistent use of this outdated approximation has led to many unfortunate misconceptions amongst users of the Bruceton method, including the rejection of many perfectly valid data sets and neglect of uncertainty assessments via confidence intervals. This is both dangerous and unnecessarily wasteful. This paper sets the record straight and explains how researchers should estimate sensitivity via maximum likelihood estimation and how to construct confidence intervals. It also shows explicitly how wasteful said approximation is via both simulations and with real data.
Repurposing FDA‐approved drugs to treat chemical weapon toxicities: Interactive case studies for trainees
Authors: Aleksunes Lauren M. , Gray Joshua P. , Meshanni Jaclynn , Laskin Jeffrey D. , Laskin Debra L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe risk of a terrorist attack in the United States has created challenges on how to effectively treat toxicities that result from exposure to chemical weapons. To address this concern, the United States has organized a trans‐agency initiative across academia, government, and industry to identify drugs to treat tissue injury resulting from exposure to chemical threat agents. We sought to develop and evaluate an interactive educational session that provides hands‐on instruction on how to repurpose FDA‐approved drugs as therapeutics to treat toxicity from exposure to chemical weapons. As part of the Rutgers Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program, 23 undergraduate students participated in a 2‐h session that included: (1) an overview of chemical weapon toxicities, (2) a primer on pharmacology principles, and (3) an interactive session where groups of students were provided lists of FDA‐approved drugs to evaluate potential mechanisms of action and suitability as countermeasures for four chemical weapon case scenarios. The interactive session culminated in a competition for the best grant “sales pitch.” From this interactive training, students improved their understanding of (1) the ability of chemical weapons to cause long‐term toxicities, (2) impact of route of administration and exposure scenario on drug efficacy, and (3) re‐purposing FDA‐approved drugs to treat disease from chemical weapon exposure. These findings demonstrated that an interactive training exercise can provide students with new insights into drug development for chemical threat agent toxicities.
Reliability analysis and preventive maintenance policy for consecutive k$k$‐out‐of‐n:F$n: F$ balanced system under failure criterion operating in shock environment
Authors: Dong Qinglai , Bai Mengmeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a consecutive ‐out‐of‐: balance system in a shock environment, where the state transition of component is induced by external shocks. If a predetermined threshold number of effective shocks are applied to component in a critical state, the component will fail. The state of the system is defined by the number of consecutive failing component groups in the system, which leads to system failure when a critical number of consecutive failing components is reached. To minimize maintenance costs, we propose a preventive maintenance method with an optimization model. We use finite Markov chain imbedding and Phase‐type distribution to calculate component group failure rates and associated probability functions in discrete and continuous time, respectively. The validity and accuracy of the model are confirmed by numerical examples and Monte Carlo simulations.
Student achievement is much more about cognitive ability and genetics than SES: A response to Debouwere
Authors: Marks Gary N. , O'Connell Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe first section of this paper sets the record straight regarding many of Debouwere's (2024, Review of Education, 12, e3445) specific criticisms. The second section discusses the magnitude of the SES‐achievement relationship, specifically Debouwere's (2024) contention that the correlation is strong around 0.5 or 0.6 compared to observed correlations mostly between 0.2 and 0.3. The third section deals with five issues that Debouwere (2024) raises in his paper: (1) the stability of SES vis‐à‐vis cognitive ability; (2) the accuracy of children's reports of parents' socioeconomic characteristics; (3) whether teachers discriminate by students' SES; (4) the importance of cognitive ability for educational differentiation (i.e., tracking and streaming); and (5) SES effects on student achievement, controlling for prior achievement. The fourth section discusses the role of genetics in student achievement. Meta‐analyses and other studies indicate that about 50%–70% of the variance in student achievement is attributable to genetics (i.e., the heritability). The high heritability of student achievement accounts for its high stability, its strong correlations with cognitive ability and the weak effects of SES, net of prior achievement or cognitive ability.
An analysis of participants' introductory experience with causal loop diagrams (CLDs) using group model building (GMB) scripts
Authors: Connolly Justin D. , Doole Graeme J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComplex decision‐making processes benefit from involving people with different perspectives. We tested the hypothesis that group model building producing causal loop diagrams is a valuable tool to build shared understanding and hear diverse voices, even when project resources (e.g. data, funding, time) are limited. This was tested in two script‐based workshops involving stakeholders in water management issues in Aotearoa‐New Zealand. We collected data on their experience using a quantitative survey and semi‐structured interviews. Analysis shows that group model building met the participants' desire for something different, was found to be a refreshing new process, helped build social cohesion among stakeholders, and improved shared understanding of both the issue and the model they built. While the qualitative outputs were seen as useful, coupling them with quantitative analyses was seen as necessary by some participants, depending on the nature of the issue(s) and decision(s) being made. © 2024 System Dynamics Society.
Light‐Induced Material Motion Fingerprint – A Tool Toward Selective Interfacial Sensitive Fractioning of Microparticles via Microfluidic Methods
Authors: Vasquez‐Muñoz Daniela , Rohne Fabian , Meier Isabel , Sharma Anjali , Lomadze Nino , Santer Svetlana , Bekir Marek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, a novel strategy is presented to selectively separate a mixture of equally sized microparticles but differences in material composition and surface properties. The principle relies on a photosensitive surfactant, which makes particles under light illumination phoretically active. The latter hovers microparticles from a planar interface and together with a superimposed fluid flow, particles experience a drift motion characteristic to its interfacial properties. The drift motion is investigated as a function of applied wavelength, demonstrating that particles composed of different material show a unique spectrally resolved light‐induced motion profile. Differences in those motion profile allow a selective fractioning of a desired particle from a complex particle mixture made out of more than two equally sized different particle types. Besides that, the influence of applied wavelength is systematically studied, and discussed the origin of the spectrally resolved chemical activity of microparticles from measured photo‐isomerization rates.
Aqueous PEIE Soaking on ZnO for Ultraviolet Light Activation–Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Chen Jianping , Zhou Xianmin , Liu Xinlu , Zheng Hui , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) light is typically needed to activate inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with zinc oxide (ZnO) as electron transporting layer (ETL) for higher efficiency. However, UV light is a major cause for the degradation of organic active layers in OPVs. This is a contradiction that UV light activation enhances the efficiency but UV illumination deteriorates the stability. It is important to solve this contradiction to develop UV light activation–free OPV devices. Herein, a method of aqueous polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) soaking on ZnO is reported to realize UV light activation–free OPV devices. The S‐shape in current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of devices tested without UV light activation is eliminated through the treatment of aqueous PEIE soaking on ZnO. The treatment reduces the oxygen adsorbates, which is confirmed by Kelvin probe and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A 10.08 cm2 organic photovoltaic module with the treated ZnO as ETL showed high photovoltaic performance: VOC = 5.68 V, JSC = 2.7 mA cm−2, FF = 75.1%, and POutput = 11.5 mW cm−2 tested with the UV filter (light intensity of 0.788 sun). UV light activation is not needed for the modules to obtain high efficiency.
Genetic resources and genes/QTLs for gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) resistance in chickpea from the Western Himalayas
Authors: Rehman Sheikh Aafreen , Gul Shaheen , Parthiban M. , Isha Ishita , Reddy M. S. Sai , Chitikineni Annapurna , Thudi Mahendar , Penmetsa R. Varma , Varshney Rajeev Kumar , Mir Reyazul Rouf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHelicoverpa armigera (also known as gram pod borer) is a serious threat to chickpea production in the world. A set of 173 chickpea genotypes were evaluated for H. armigera resistance, including mean larval population (MLP), percentage pod damage (PPD), and pest resistance (PR) for 2 consecutive years (year 2020 and 2021). The same core set was also genotyped with 50K Axiom CicerSNP Array. The trait data and 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism genotypic data were used together to work out marker–trait associations (MTAs) using different genome‐wide association studies models. For MLP, a total of 53 MTAs were identified, including 25 MTAs in year 2020 and 28 MTAs in year 2021. A set of three MTAs was found common in both environments. For PPD, two MTAs in year 2020 and five MTAs in year 2021 were identified. A set of two MTAs were common in both environments. Similarly, for PR, only two MTAs common in both environments were identified. Interestingly, a common MTA (Affx_123255526) on chromosome 2 (Ca2) was found to be associated with all the three component traits (MLP, PPD, and PR) of pod borer resistance in chickpea. Further, we report key genes that encode SCAMPs (that facilitates the secretion of defense‐related molecules), quinone oxidoreductase (enables the production of reactive oxygen species that promotes diapause of gram pod borer), and NB‐LRR proteins that have been implicated in plant defense against H. armigera. The resistant chickpea genotypes, MTAs, and key genes reported in the present study may prove useful in the future for developing pod borer–resistant chickpea varieties.
Dimensionality and scales of preferential flow in soils of Shale Hills hillslope simulated using HYDRUS
Authors: Zhao Ying , Yi Jun , Yao Rongjiang , Li Fei , Hill Robert Lee , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPreferential flow (PF) processes are governed by subsurface soil structures at various scales. Still, model validation and mechanistic understanding of PF are very lacking. We hypothesize that PF at hillslope and larger scales cannot be described and quantified when neglecting small‐scaled spatially variable processes and simplifying the model dimensionality. The objective was to learn from comparing simulation results of multidimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) and multiscale (pedon, catena, and catchment) modeling approaches with comprehensive datasets, and so as to evaluate PF simulations based on the Richards’ equation (solved by the HYDRUS software). Results showed limited alignment between 1D simulations and soil moisture data, mainly affected by vertical changes in porosity, permeability, and precipitation features. 2D and 3D simulations outperformed 1D models. 3D simulations provided satisfactory description of PF dynamics at the pedon scale, considering accurate representations of soil and bedrock structures for three dimensions (vertical, horizontal, and surrounding area). In 2D simulations at the pedon scale, models incorporating dual‐porosity and anisotropy of soils yielded more accurate predictions of water dynamics than single‐porosity and isotropic models. Furthermore, the application of 2D simulation at the catena scale identify PF pathways owing to the enhanced representation of the hydraulic connectivity between different locations along the slope. The results confirmed the significance of multidimensional and multiscale modeling approaches for PF simulations in hillslope hydrology. Considering the complexity and parameterization of 2D and 3D “bottom‐up” physically based models in representing spatial variability within and between soil profiles and/or underlying bedrock geology, the results contribute to creating a modeling framework applicable to identify the PF processes and thus their implications in managing water resources.
Opposing positions, dividing interactions, and hostile affect: A systematic review and conceptualization of “online climate change polarization”
Authors: van Eck Christel W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOnline climate change polarization has increasingly received academic interest over time. Online media facilitate and accelerate processes of climate change polarization. Yet, throughout the years, online climate change polarization became a fuzzy concept, holding different meanings in different academic contexts. By reviewing the available evidence, the current article identified three ontological distinctions in online climate change polarization research: (1) focus on different groups that polarize; (2) either investigate the positions, relations, or emotions of actors; and (3) states or processes of polarization. Based on the latter two ontological distinctions, the article reconceptualizes online climate change polarization as a multidimensional phenomenon, by introducing a framework comprising six dimensions of polarization. Accordingly, by identifying gaps in the literature, the article proposes a future research agenda.This article is categorized under:
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Detection of Cracks in Metallic Objects by Arbitrary Scanning Direction Using a Double U-Shaped Orthogonal ACFM Probe
Authors: Yuan Xin’an , Li Wei , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao , Zhao Jianchao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology is developed for sizing cracks on structures. According to the theory of ACFM, the induced current should be perpendicular to the crack. So traditional ACFM probe needs to scan along the cracks. In this paper, a double u-shaped orthogonal ACFM probe is present for cracks detection by induced rotating current field at arbitrary scanning direction on structures. The finite element method (FEM) model is employed to analyze the rotating current field induced by the double u-shaped orthogonal ACFM probe. The cracks detection experiments are carried out to test cracks at arbitrary scanning direction. Results show that the crack can be detected effectively at arbitrary scanning direction using the double u-shaped orthogonal ACFM probe.
Dark fluxes from electromagnetic cascades
Authors: Blinov Nikita , Fox Patrick J. , Kelly Kevin J. , Machado Pedro A. N. , Plestid Ryan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study dark sector production in electromagnetic (EM) cascades. This problem requires accurate simulations of Standard Model (SM) and dark sector processes, both of which impact angular and energy distributions of emitted particles that ultimately determine flux predictions in a downstream detector. We describe the minimal set of QED processes which must be included to faithfully reproduce a SM cascade, and identify a universal algorithm to generate a dark sector flux given a Monte-Carlo simulation of a SM shower. We provide a new tool, "Image missing", which simulates EM cascades with associated dark vector production, and compare it against existing literature and “off the shelf” tools. The signal predictions at downstream detectors can strongly depend on the nontrivial interplay (and modelling) of SM and dark sector processes, in particular multiple Coulomb scattering and positron annihilation. We comment on potential impacts of these effects for realistic experimental setups.
Stability via closure relations with applications to dissipative and port-Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Glück Jochen , Jacob Birgit , Meyer Annika , Wyss Christian , Zwart Hans 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider differential operators A that can be represented by means of a so-called closure relation in terms of a simpler operator $$A_{{\text {ext}}}$$

A
ext

defined on a larger space. We analyse how the spectral properties of A and $$A_{{\text {ext}}}$$

A
ext

are related and give sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the semigroup generated by A in terms of the semigroup generated by $$A_{{\text {ext}}}$$

A
ext

. As applications we study the long-term behaviour of a coupled wave–heat system on an interval, parabolic equations on bounded domains that are coupled by matrix-valued potentials, and of linear infinite-dimensional port-Hamiltonian systems with dissipation on an interval.