bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction between a single platelet and fibrinogen
Authors: Wang Yuhe , Li Yan , Zhang Shuguang , Chen Haosheng , Li Yongjian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFriction has been considered to mediate physiological activities of cells, however, the biological friction between a single cell and its ligand-bound surface has not been thoroughly explored. Herein, we established a friction model for single cells based on an atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with an inverted fluorescence microscopy (IFM) to study the friction between a highly sensitive platelet and fibrinogen-coated surface. The study revealed that the friction between the platelet and fibrinogen-coated tip is mainly influenced by specific ligand–receptor interaction. Further, we modeled the biological friction, which consists of specific interaction, non-specific interaction, and mechanical effect. Besides, the results suggested that the velocity can also affect specific ligand–receptor interactions, resulting in the friction change and platelet adhesion to fibrinogen surfaces. The study built a friction model between a single cell and its ligand-bound surface and provided a potential method to study the biological friction by the combination of AFM and IFM.
Effect of particle size distribution on the properties of celsian based glazes
Authors: Yıldız Betül 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe microstructure and surface properties of ceramic glaze are influenced by chemical composition, particle size distribution, glaze application conditions, and firing parameters. This study specifically focused on the influence of glaze particle size distribution on the thermal behavior, microstructure, and surface appearance of barium frit based ceramic glaze in the floor tile firing process. The investigation involved examining the impact of four distinct particle size dimensions (d50: 5.7 μm, 6.8 μm, 7.5 μm, 10.9 μm) on the glaze properties by using hot stage microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), color and gloss measurements. The studies indicated that celsian is the dominant phase in the glaze structure. The sintering and softening temperatures of glazes decreased with the increase of milling time. A decrease in the particle size of the glaze slurry increased the whiteness index. As the average particle size (d50) of the glaze decreased, the number of crystals was also increased. The investigation results also suggested a relation between specular reflection and milling time. As the milling time extended, there was a corresponding increase in the magnitude of glossiness.
Instruments for measuring the neuromuscular function domain of vitality capacity in older persons: an umbrella review
Authors: Louter Francis , Knoop Veerle , Demarteau Jeroen , Freiberger Ellen , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylene , Maier Andrea B. , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Bautmans Ivan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Recently, handgrip, knee extensor and respiratory muscle strength were proposed as candidate biomarkers to assess the neuromuscular function of vitality capacity in older persons. This umbrella review aims to provide an overview of the available instruments and their measurement properties to assess these biomarkers.

Methods
The databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were systematically screened for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting on handgrip, knee extensor or respiratory muscle strength assessments, resulting in 7,555 articles. The COSMIN checklist was used to appraise psychometric properties and the AMSTAR for assessing methodological quality.

Results
Twenty-seven systematic reviews were included in this study. Some of the identified reviews described the psychometric properties of the assessment tools. We found five assessment tools that can be used to measure neuromuscular function in the context of healthy ageing. Those are the handheld dynamometer for handgrip strength, the dynamometer for knee extensor strength and regarding respiratory muscle strength, the sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP).

Conclusion
The handheld dynamometer for hand grip strength, the dynamometer for knee extensor strength, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, MIP and MEP were identified. Therefore, these assessments could be used to identify community-dwelling older adults at risk for a declined neuromuscular function in the context of vitality capacity.
Towards a high-quality fertilizer based on algae residues treated via hydrothermal carbonization. Trends on how process parameters influence inorganics
Authors: Moloeznik Paniagua Daniela , Krenz Lina Maja Marie , Libra Judy A. , Korf Nathalie , Rotter Vera Susanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of beach-cast macroalgae as a fertilizer (F) or soil amendment (SA) is coming back into focus, due to its highly efficient transformation of CO2, nutrients, salts and minerals from its aqueous surroundings into biomass. This research studied the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Fucus vesiculosus macroalgae to hydrochar and evaluated its feasibility for use in soil applications. F. vesiculosus was submitted to HTC following a full factorial design of experiments with three HTC process parameters varied to assess their impact on the hydrochars: temperature (T: 160, 190, 220 °C), solid content (%So: 20, 35%), and process water recirculation (PWrec: yes and no). In general, F. vesiculosus and its hydrochars were rich in nutrients, but also contained regulated heavy metals. Investigation of the partitioning behavior of inorganic elements between the hydrochars and process water showed that heavy metals like Cr, Pb, Co and Cu tended to accumulate in the hydrochar, unaffected by HTC conditions. Nutrients such as P, N, B, and Mn were primarily found in the hydrochar and could be partially influenced to transfer to process water by changing %So and T. The correlation between the mass fractions of 22 elements in the hydrochar and HTC process parameters was studied. T was the most influential parameter, showing a significant positive correlation for eleven elements. %So and PWrec showed inconsistent effects on different elements. When process water was recirculated, some elements decreased (Ca, Cd, Fe) while others increased (K, Na, B, N) in the hydrochar. Assessment against various regulations and standards for F and SA revealed that F. vesiculosus complied with Cd limit values for most rules including the EURF and B, and was regulated only in the RAL for SA, over the limit value. In contrast, the limit value of Cd for both F and SA applications was surpassed in the 13 hydrochars. The contents of N, P, K, S, and Na in the feedstock and hydrochars complied with European F and SA rules, while they were too high for German rules on SA. The other limits for F rules were achieved (under certain HTC process parameters) except for P (lower than the requirements in F for F. vesiculosus and its hydrochars).
Graphical Abstract
Citizen participation through direct legislation: a road to success? A perspective from Switzerland
Authors: Kübler Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCitizen participation is generally considered crucial to ensuring that policies effectively address public needs. But there is a long-running debate over how far such participation should go. This article focuses on one of the most far-reaching forms of citizen participation in public policy making– direct legislation– and asks to what extent it can bring about good governance outcomes in the political, economic and social spheres. Focusing on the case of Switzerland, where direct legislation is established and frequent, the article draws on existing studies to discuss long-term impacts of citizen participation in public policy-making. The evidence shows that, in the Swiss case, direct legislation contributed to consensual politics, a favourable environment for economic development, as well as high citizen satisfaction. The conclusion discusses to what extent these findings generalise beyond the Swiss case.
An uncertainty-aware domain adaptive semantic segmentation framework
Authors: Yin Huilin , Wang Pengyu , Liu Boyu , Yan Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSemantic segmentation is significant to realize the scene understanding of autonomous driving. Due to the lack of annotated real-world data, the technology of domain adaptation is applied so that the model is trained on the synthetic data and inferred on the real data. However, this domain gap leads to aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. These uncertainties link to the potential safety issue of autonomous driving in normal weather and adverse weather. In this study, we explore the scientific problem that has received sparse attention previously. We postulate that the Dual Attention module can mitigate the uncertainty in the task of semantic segmentation and provide some empirical study to validate it. Furthermore, the utilization of Kullback-Leibler divergence (KL divergence) helps the estimation of aleatoric uncertainty and boosts the robustness of the segmentation model. Our empirical study on the diverse datasets of semantic segmentation demonstrates the effectiveness of our method in normal and adverse weather. Our code is available at: https://github.com/liubo629/Seg-Uncertainty-dual-attention.
Size‐Fractionated Primary Production Dynamics During the Decline Phase of the North Atlantic Spring Bloom
Authors: Meyer Meredith G. , Brzezinski Mark A. , Cohn Melanie R. , Kramer Sasha J. , Paul Nicola , Sharpe Garrett , Niebergall Alexandria K. , Gifford Scott , Cassar Nicolas , Marchetti Adrian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe North Atlantic is a region of enhanced biogeochemical and climatological importance for the global ocean as it is the site of one of the largest seasonal phytoplankton blooms on the planet. However, there is a lack of understanding of how phytoplankton size influences bloom dynamics and associated nutrient utilization rates, particularly during the decline phase when export to the deep ocean is especially pronounced. Here, we evaluate trends in size‐fractionated carbon, nitrogen, and silicic acid uptake rates in conjunction with environmental parameters to assess these dynamics. In our study, the decline phase of the bloom continued to be highly productive with net primary production (NPP) ranging from 36.4 to 146.6 mmol C m−2 d−1 and approximately 54% of primary production being driven by large phytoplankton cells (≥5 μm) that were primarily utilizing nitrate (mean f‐ratio of 0.77). Entrainment of silicic acid related to deepening of the mixed layer caused by storms increased silicic acid uptake rates to 2.0–5.7 mmol Si m−2 d−1 without concomitant increases in NPP by large cells (silicic acid to carbon uptake ratios averaged 0.12). A companion study in the North Pacific allowed for paired evaluation of these regions. Our results suggest that in highly productive regions where phytoplankton biomass and productivity is distributed across a broad range of cell sizes, such as the North Atlantic, size itself has a stronger influence on nutrient cycling and potential carbon export relative to regions with lower production and a predominance of small (<5 μm) cells, such as the North Pacific.
MESSENGER Observations of Mercury's Planetary Ion Escape Rates and Their Dependence on True Anomaly Angle
Authors: Sun Weijie , Dewey Ryan M. , Jia Xianzhe , Raines Jim M. , Slavin James A. , Chen Yuxi , Phan Tai , Poh Gangkai , Xu Shaosui , Milillo Anna , Lillis Robert , Saito Yoshifumi , Livi Stefano , Orsini Stefano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the escape of Mercury's sodium‐group ions (Na+‐group, including ions with m/q from 21 to 30 amu/e) and their dependence on true anomaly angle (TAA), that is, Mercury's orbital phase around the Sun, using measurements from MESSENGER. The measurements are categorized into solar wind, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere, and further divided into four TAA intervals. Na+‐group ions form escape plumes in the solar wind and magnetosheath, with higher fluxes along the solar wind's motional electric field. The total escape rates vary from 0.2 to 1 × 1025 atoms/s with the magnetosheath being the main escaping region. These rates exhibit a TAA dependence, peaking near the perihelion and similar during Mercury's remaining orbit. Despite Mercury's tenuous exosphere, Na+‐group ions escape rate is comparable to other inner planets. This can be attributed to several processes, including that Na+‐group ions may include several ion species, efficient photoionization frequency for elements within Na‐group, etc.
OI 630.0 nm Post‐Sunset Emission Enhancement as an Effect of Tidal Activity Over Low‐Latitudes
Authors: Saha Sovan , Pallamraju Duggirala , Kumar Sunil , Laskar Fazlul I. , Pedatella Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe OI 630.0 nm airglow emission variability provides salient information on the dynamical changes taking place in the upper atmosphere at around 250 km. The emission rates vary with the changes in the ambient electron densities and the neutral constituents that are associated with these emissions. On several occasions, enhancements in these emissions are observed during post‐sunset hours, around 21 local time (LT), as measured from Mt. Abu (24.6°N, 72.7°E, 19°N Mag), a low‐latitude location at Indian longitudes. These enhancements occur following the typical monotonic decrease in emission intensity after sunset. The presence of poleward meridional wind preceded by cessation and reversal of equatorward wind at the post‐sunset hours was shown to be the cause for such observed emission enhancements in an earlier study. In this study, the cause of such reversal in meridional winds during post‐sunset hours has been investigated using the variation in electron densities and meridional winds simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X), which also shows enhancements in electron densities similar to those observed in the post‐sunset OI 630.0 nm nightglow emissions, and simultaneous reversal in meridional winds as well. The amplitudes and phases of different components of tides obtained from WACCM‐X meridional winds reveal a significant contribution of higher‐order tides, especially, quarter‐diurnal tides, to the observed reversal in the meridional winds during post‐sunset hours.
The Role of Tidal Mixing in Shaping Early Eocene Deep Ocean Circulation and Oxygenation
Authors: Ladant Jean‐Baptiste , Millot‐Weil Jeanne , de Lavergne Casimir , Green J. A. Mattias , Nguyen Sébastien , Donnadieu Yannick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiapycnal mixing in the ocean interior is largely fueled by internal tides. Mixing schemes that represent the breaking of internal tides are now routinely included in ocean and earth system models applied to the modern and future. However, this is more rarely the case in climate simulations of deep‐time intervals of the Earth, for which estimates of the energy dissipated by the tides are not always available. Here, we present and analyze two IPSL‐CM5A2 earth system model simulations of the Early Eocene made under the framework of DeepMIP. One simulation includes mixing by locally dissipating internal tides, while the other does not. We show how the inclusion of tidal mixing alters the shape of the deep ocean circulation, and thereby of large‐scale biogeochemical patterns, in particular oxygen distributions. In our simulations, the absence of tidal mixing leads to a relatively stagnant and poorly ventilated deep ocean in the North Atlantic, which promotes the development of a basin‐scale pool of oxygen‐deficient waters, at the limit of complete anoxia. The absence of large‐scale anoxic records in the deep ocean after the Cretaceous anoxic events suggests that such an ocean state most likely did not occur at any time across the Paleogene. This highlights how crucial it is for climate models applied to the deep‐time to integrate the spatial variability of tidally driven mixing as well as the potential of using biogeochemical models to exclude aberrant dynamical model states.
Analysis of Ionospheric Delay Correction Model Performance During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Liu Jialong , Song Shuli , Cheng Na , Zhu Yongxing , Jin Xulei , Huang Chao , Jiang Jun , Zhao Hongzhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIonospheric delay, as one of the largest error sources in radio propagation, can only be corrected for this error using the ionospheric delay correction model for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) single‐frequency users. In this paper, the 2021 geomagnetic storm event is selected, and based on the measured ionospheric data from the GNSS observatory, the perturbation of the ionosphere by the geomagnetic storm event is analyzed, and it is found that the response of the ionosphere to the geomagnetic storm has obvious differences in the response characteristics and response time in different latitude regions. The performance of the global ionospheric map (GIM), the empirical model, and the broadcast ionospheric model during the geomagnetic storm‐induced ionospheric perturbation is analyzed and the change in the accuracy of each ionospheric model during the geomagnetic storm‐induced ionospheric perturbation is investigated, using the measured electron content of the GNSS as a benchmark. The results show that there is good agreement between the GIM products and the measured electron content during the period of ionospheric calm and the period of ionospheric perturbation. It is worth noting that geomagnetic storms do not necessarily lead to a decrease in the accuracy of ionospheric delay‐correction models, and in some cases, the models that were originally under‐accurate show a tendency to improve their accuracy during the period of perturbation instead. Neither the broadcast ionospheric model nor the electron content of the empirical model output responds to geomagnetic storm‐induced ionospheric perturbations.
Late Miocene Oroclinal Bending of the Mazatagh Thrust Belt in the Central Tarim Basin and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Li Bingshuai , Yan Maodu , Peng Heng , Zhang Weilin , Zan Jinbo , Zhang Tao , Fang Xiaomin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe arcuate Mazatagh thrust belt (MTB) in the central Tarim Basin is one of the key regions for understanding the Cenozoic intracontinental deformation in response to the India–Eurasia collision. However, whether it was formed due to oroclinal bending and its kinematic processes remain unclear. Here, we present a detailed paleomagnetic rotation study at Hongbaishan in the middle MTB to shed new light on the deformation in this region. Positive fold and reversal tests of 50 site means suggest primary magnetizations. The paleomagnetic declinations indicate ∼14.6 ± 8.5° absolute clockwise rotation at Hongbaishan since the late Miocene (∼7.6 Ma). Together with the rotation results calculated from Hongbaishan‐1 and Mazatagh magnetostratigraphic data sets in the southeastern MTB, these results reveal an increasing magnitude of clockwise rotation along the belt toward its southeastern tip. Positive oroclinal tests along the MTB suggest the occurrence of oroclinal bending that curved the originally straight MTB before and during the deposition of its lower part, and nearly half of the bending had occurred during the deposition of its upper part. This oroclinal bending is mostly attributed to the northward indentation of the West Kunlun Mountains along the décollement salt‒gypsum layers and further implies ∼7.9° absolute clockwise rotation of the Tarim Basin since the late Miocene. Integrating these findings with other lines of geological evidence around the Tarim Basin, we propose that episodic widespread tectonic deformation with basinward propagation occurred since the late Miocene due to the far‐field effect of the continuous northward indentation of the Indian Plate into Eurasia.
Ultra‐Low Velocity Zone Beneath the Atlantic Near St. Helena
Authors: Davison Felix , Martin Carl , Parai Rita , Cottaar Sanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere are various hotspots in the Atlantic Ocean, which are underlain by mantle plumes that likely cross the mantle and originate at the core‐mantle boundary. We use teleseismic core‐diffracted shear waves to look for an Ultra‐Low Velocity Zone (ULVZ) at the potential base of central Atlantic mantle plumes. Our data set shows delayed postcursory phases after the core‐diffracted shear waves. The observed patterns are consistent in frequency dependence, delay time, and scatter pattern with those caused by mega‐ULVZs previously modeled elsewhere. Synthetic modeling of a cylindrical structure on the core‐mantle boundary below St. Helena provides a good fit to the data. The preferred model is 600 km across and 20 km high, centered at approximately 15° South, 15° West, and with a 30% S‐wave velocity reduction. Significant uncertainties and trade‐offs do remain to these parameters, but a large ULVZ is needed to explain the data. The location is west of St. Helena and south of Ascension. Helium and neon isotopic systematics observed in samples from this region could point to a less‐outgassed mantle component mixed in with the dominant signature of recycled material. These observations could be explained by a contribution from the Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP). Tungsten isotopic measurements would be needed to understand whether a contribution from the mega‐ULVZ is also required at St. Helena or Ascension.
Characterizing South Pole Firn Structure With Fiber Optic Sensing
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhan Zhongwen , Karrenbach Martin , Reid‐McLaughlin Auden , Biondi Ettore , Wiens Douglas A. , Aster Richard C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe firn layer covers 98% of Antarctica's ice sheets, protecting underlying glacial ice from the external environment. Accurate measurement of firn properties is essential for assessing cryosphere mass balance and climate change impacts. Characterizing firn structure through core sampling is expensive and logistically challenging. Seismic surveys, which translate seismic velocities into firn densities, offer an efficient alternative. This study employs Distributed Acoustic Sensing technology to transform an existing fiber‐optic cable near the South Pole into a multichannel, low‐maintenance, continuously interrogated seismic array. The data resolve 16 seismic wave propagation modes at frequencies up to 100 Hz that constrain P and S wave velocities as functions of depth. Using co‐located geophones for ambient noise interferometry, we resolve very weak radial anisotropy. Leveraging nearby SPICEcore firn density data, we find prior empirical density‐velocity relationships underestimate firn air content by over 15%. We present a new empirical relationship for the South Pole region.
Ozone Pollution in China Affected by Climate Change in a Carbon Neutral Future as Predicted by a Process‐Based Interpretable Machine Learning Method
Authors: Li Huimin , Yang Yang , Su Hang , Wang Hailong , Wang Pinya , Liao Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOzone (O3) pollution is a severe air quality issue in China, posing a threat to human health and ecosystems. The climate change will affect O3 levels by directly changing physical and chemical processes of O3 and indirectly changing natural emissions of O3 precursors. In this study, near‐surface O3 concentrations in China in 2030 and 2060 are predicted using the process‐based interpretable Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model integrated with multi‐source data. The results show that the climate‐driven O3 levels over eastern China are projected to decrease by more than 0.4 ppb in 2060 under the carbon neutral scenario (SSP1‐1.9) compared with the high emission scenario (SSP5‐8.5). Among this reduction, 80% is attributed to the changes in physical and chemical processes of O3 related to a cooler climate, while the remaining 20% is attributed to the reduced biogenic isoprene emissions.