bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MT and reflection seismics in northwestern Skellefte Ore District, Sweden
Authors: García Juanatey María de los Ángeles , Tryggvason Ari , Juhlin Christopher , Bergström Ulf , Hübert Juliane , Pedersen Laust B. 
Published: February 2013

A seismic reflection and MT survey was carried out along a 27-km long transect in northwestern Skellefte District, as part of a bigger 3D modeling project. The main motivation for the data acquisition is to elucidate the geologic relationship between the known mineralizations in the Adak mining camp to the north and in the well studied Kristineberg area south of the transect. The seismic reflection data were acquired with a VIBSIST system, and show reflectivity down to 3 s. Apart from the conventional processing for crystalline environments, the seismic data was also subject to an azimuthal binning procedure and cross-dip analysis, allowing the orientation of planar reflectors in 3D. Regarding the MT data, it is primarily of good quality along the 17 installed sites. The inversion of the determinant of the impedance tensor yielded a stable 2D resistivity model, dominated by resistors corresponding to the postorogenic intrusions along the transect. Adding the location of the analyzed seismic reflectors in the MT inversion rendered an integrated model that facilitated a preliminary joint interpretation of the data sets. Overall, the results are in good agreement with surface observations and reveal a crude configuration of the geologic units below the transect. The most prominent outcomes are the lateral and depth extent of the large postorogenic intrusions in the area reaching to 5- or 6-km depth, the dimensions of the nearly vertical Brännäs gabbro extending to 6-km depth, and the presence of enhanced conductivities along the transect at about 10 km depth. The latter is probably related to the deep conductor previously identified in the district.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and psychotherapy
Authors: Meadows Graham N. , Tylee Andre T. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn this edition of the Journal, findings presented by Jokela and colleagues suggest some improvements in the equity of service provision of psychotherapies in the UK. This is encouraging, however, further work would be necessary to exclude other forms of inequity. For instance, people with equivalent need in different areas might find their needs are responded to with different durations of treatment.
Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anglin Rebecca E. S. , Samaan Zainab , Walter Stephen D. , McDonald Sarah D. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, and a systematic assessment of the literature has not been available.AimsTo determine the relationship, if any, between vitamin D deficiency and depression.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomised controlled trials was conducted.ResultsOne case-control study, ten cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies with a total of 31 424 participants were analysed. Lower vitamin D levels were found in people with depression compared with controls (SMD = 0.60,95% Cl 0.23–0.97) and there was an increased odds ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories in the cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.0–1.71). The cohort studies showed a significantly increased hazard ratio of depression for the lowest v. highest vitamin D categories (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.40–3.49).ConclusionsOur analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that low vitamin D concentration is associated with depression, and highlight the need for randomised controlled trials of vitamin D for the prevention and treatment of depression to determine whether this association is causal.
Prevalence of experiences of domestic violence among psychiatric patients: systematic review
Authors: Oram S. , Trevillion K. , Feder G. , Howard L. M. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundDomestic violence has been linked with many mental disorders, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders and psychosis.AimsTo estimate the prevalence (adult lifetime and past year) of different types of domestic violence experienced by men and women receiving psychiatric treatment.MethodIn a systematic review, a search of 18 electronic databases was supplemented by hand searching, citation tracking and updating a recent systematic review of criminal victimisation in psychiatric populations. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality.ResultsForty-two studies were included. The median prevalence of lifetime partner violence reported in high-quality papers was 30% (interquartile range (IQR) 26–39) among female in-patients and 33% (IQR 21–53) among female out-patients. Among male patients, one high-quality study reported a lifetime prevalence of 32% across mixed psychiatric settings. No study included a control group.ConclusionsPsychiatric patients experience a high prevalence of domestic violence but there is limited information on family (non-partner) domestic violence, the prevalence of emotional abuse and the extent of risk compared with non-psychiatric controls.
A call for a new positive psychiatry of ageing
Authors: Jeste Dilip V. , Palmer Barton W. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWe propose a new model for geriatric psychiatry to help meet the needs of a rapidly growing population of older adults. This positive old age psychiatry would focus on recovery, promotion of successful ageing, neuroplasticity, prevention, and interventions to enhance positive psychological traits such as resilience, social engagement and wisdom.
Parental depression and the challenge of preventing mental illness in children
Authors: Ramchandani Paul G. , Murphy Susannah E. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryParental depression is a risk factor for psychiatric problems in children and adolescents. Exciting scientific developments have elucidated potential early mechanisms of intergenerational risk transmission and new models of intervention may help to prevent some childhood problems. However, caution is needed in interpreting such associations as causal and in targeting interventions appropriately.
Community treatment orders: current practice and a framework to aid clinicians
Authors: Lepping Peter , Malik Masood 
Published: February 2013

Aims and methodCommunity treatment orders (CTOs) have been used more than anticipated. We report data from the North Wales audit about their current use and explain how a SMART framework can be used to potentially improve their effectiveness.ResultsFindings from this audit confirm those from other studies, with the reasons for use of CTOs extending beyond that of medication adherence to risk management. The combined recall and voluntary admission rate was 40%, which raises questions about the effectiveness of CTOs.Clinical implicationsMore research is needed as it remains to be seen whether CTOs are able to achieve their intended aims. The SMART framework can be used to aid clinicians in ensuring that conditions placed on patients have a specific purpose and are clinically meaningful.
Prevalence study of head shop drug usage in mental health services
Authors: Lally John , Higaya Emam-El , Nisar Zafar , Bainbridge Emma , Hallahan Brian 
Published: February 2013

Aims and methodTo examine the prevalence of head shop drug usage in individuals attending a range of adult mental health services. We examined the effect of head shop drug usage on the mental state of individuals with a range of mental health disorders. Clinical data were obtained from 608 consecutively reviewed individuals attending adult mental health services in relation to their use of head shop and psychoactive drugs and the putative effects of head shop drugs on their mental state.ResultsThe prevalence of head shop drug use was 13% (n= 78), with a higher prevalence of usage noted in individuals younger than 35 years of age (25%). A large proportion of individuals (n= 41, 54%) reported adverse effects of these agents on their mental state, with psychotic symptoms being the most prevalent.Clinical implicationsHead shop drug usage was associated with a reported deleterious effect on mental state, which was particularly evident for individuals with a history of psychosis.
Manganese Supplementation Protects Against Diet-Induced Diabetes in Wild Type Mice by Enhancing Insulin Secretion
Authors: Lee Soh-Hyun , Jouihan Hani A. , Cooksey Robert C. , Jones Deborah , Kim Hyung J. , Winge Dennis R. , McClain Donald A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is both a contributing mechanism and complication of diabetes, and oxidative stress contributes to that dysfunction. Mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a metalloenzyme that provides antioxidant protection. We have previously shown in a mouse model of hereditary iron overload that cytosolic iron levels affected mitochondrial manganese availability, MnSOD activity, and insulin secretion. We therefore sought to determine the metallation status of MnSOD in wild-type mice and whether altering that status affected β-cell function. 129/SvEVTac mice given supplemental manganese exhibited a 73% increase in hepatic MnSOD activity and increased metallation of MnSOD. To determine whether manganese supplementation offered glucose homeostasis under a situation of β-cell stress, we challenged C57BL/6J mice, which are more susceptible to diet-induced diabetes, with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Manganese was supplemented or not for the final 8 weeks on that diet, after which we examined glucose tolerance and the function of isolated islets. Liver mitochondria from manganese-injected C57BL/6J mice had similar increases in MnSOD activity (81%) and metallation as were seen in 129/SvEVTac mice. The manganese-treated group fed high fat had improved glucose tolerance (24% decrease in fasting glucose and 41% decrease in area under the glucose curve), comparable with mice on normal chow and increased serum insulin levels. Isolated islets from the manganese-treated group exhibited improved insulin secretion, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved mitochondrial function. In conclusion, MnSOD metallation and activity can be augmented with manganese supplementation in normal mice on normal chow, and manganese treatment can increase insulin secretion to improve glucose tolerance under conditions of dietary stress.
Impact of Clinically Relevant Mutations on the Pharmacoregulation and Signaling Bias of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor by Positive and Negative Allosteric Modulators
Authors: Leach Katie , Wen Adriel , Cook Anna E. , Sexton Patrick M. , Conigrave Arthur D. , Christopoulos Arthur 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Cinacalcet is predominantly used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism due to end-stage renal failure, but, more recently, its potential clinical efficacy in treating patients with loss-of-function mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been recognized. Many clinically relevant CaSR mutations are located in the heptahelical membrane spanning and extracellular loop regions of the receptor, where allosteric modulators are predicted to bind. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of such mutations on the pharmacoregulation of the CaSR by the positive and negative allosteric modulators, cinacalcet and NPS-2143, respectively. Both cinacalcet and NPS-2143 effectively rescued mutants whose cell surface expression was substantially impaired, suggesting that both classes of drug can stabilize a receptor conformation that is trafficked more effectively to the cell surface. In addition, functional impairments in almost all mutant CaSRs were rescued by either cinacalcet or NPS-2143 via restoration of intracellular signaling. There was a significantly greater ability of both compounds to modulate agonist-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization than ERK1/2 phosphorylation, indicating that the allosteric modulators engender bias in agonist-stimulated CaSR signaling to different pathways. Three mutations (G670R, P748R, and L773R) altered the binding affinity of allosteric modulators to the CaSR, and 3 mutations (V817I, L773R, and E767K) altered the cooperativity between the allosteric modulator and Ca2+o. These findings have important implications for the treatment of diseases associated with CaSR mutations using allosteric CaSR modulators and for analyzing the effects of mutations on the function and pharmacoregulation of the CaSR.
B-Raf and CRHR1 Internalization Mediate Biphasic ERK1/2 Activation by CRH in Hippocampal HT22 Cells
Authors: Bonfiglio Juan J. , Inda Carolina , Senin Sergio , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Refojo Damián , Giacomini Damiana , Turck Christoph W. , Holsboer Florian , Arzt Eduardo , Silberstein Susana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCRH is a key regulator of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral response to stress. CRH-stimulated CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) activates ERK1/2 depending on intracellular context. In a previous work, we demonstrated that CRH activates ERK1/2 in limbic areas of the mouse brain (hippocampus and basolateral amygdala). ERK1/2 is an essential mediator of hippocampal physiological processes including emotional behavior, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CRH activates ERK1/2 in hippocampal neurons, we used the mouse hippocampal cell line HT22. We document for the first time that ERK1/2 activation in response to CRH is biphasic, involving a first cAMP- and B-Raf–dependent early phase and a second phase that critically depends on CRHR1 internalization and β-arrestin2. By means of mass-spectrometry–based screening, we identified B-Raf–associated proteins that coimmunoprecipitate with endogenous B-Raf after CRHR1 activation. Using molecular and pharmacological tools, the functional impact of selected B-Raf partners in CRH-dependent ERK1/2 activation was dissected. These results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins, protein kinase A, and Rap1, are essential for early CRH-induced ERK1/2 activation, whereas dynamin and vimentin are required for the CRHR1 internalization-dependent phase. Both phases of ERK1/2 activation depend on calcium influx and are affected by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inactivation. Thus, this report describes the dynamics and biphasic nature of ERK1/2 activation downstream neuronal CRHR1 and identifies several new critical components of the CRHR1 signaling machinery that selectively controls the early and late phases of ERK1/2 activation, thus providing new potential therapeutic targets for stress-related disorders.
Life in the balance – a mechanistic view of the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Rubinstein Assaf D. , Kimchi Adi 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Cellular stress triggers a fascinating decision-making process in cells; they can either attempt to survive until the stress is resolved through the activation of cytoprotective pathways, such as autophagy, or can commit suicide by apoptosis in order to prevent further damage to surrounding healthy cells. Although autophagy and apoptosis constitute distinct cellular processes with often opposing outcomes, their signalling pathways are extensively interconnected through various mechanisms of crosstalk. The physiological relevance of the autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk is not well understood, but it is presumed to facilitate a controlled and well-balanced cellular response to a given stress signal. In this Commentary, we explore the various mechanisms by which autophagy and apoptosis regulate each other, and define general paradigms of crosstalk on the basis of mechanistic features. One paradigm relates to physical and functional interactions between pairs of specific apoptotic and autophagic proteins. In a second mechanistic paradigm, the apoptosis or autophagy processes (as opposed to individual proteins) regulate each other through induced caspase and autolysosomal activity, respectively. In a third paradigm unique to autophagy, caspases are recruited and activated on autophagosomal membranes. These mechanistic paradigms are discernible experimentally, and can therefore be used as a practical guide for the interpretation of experimental data.
Semifields from skew polynomial rings
Authors: Lavrauw Michel , Sheekey John 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Skew polynomial rings are used to construct finite semifields, following from a construction of Ore and Jacobson of associative division algebras. Johnson and Jha [10] constructed the so-called cyclic semifields, obtained using irreducible semilinear transformations. In this work we show that these two constructions in fact lead to isotopic semifields, show how the skew polynomial construction can be used to calculate the nuclei more easily, and provide an upper bound for the number of isotopism classes, improving the bounds obtained by Kantor and Liebler in [13] and implicitly by Dempwolff in [2].
A note on CR quaternionic maps
Authors: Marchiafava S. , Pantilie R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We introduce the notion of CR quaternionic map and we prove that any such realanalytic map, between CR quaternionic manifolds, is the restriction of a quaternionic map between quaternionic manifolds. As an application, we prove, for example, that for any submanifold M of dimension 4k-1 of a quaternionic manifold N such that TM generates a quaternionic subbundle of TN|M of (real) rank 4k, there exists, locally, a quaternionic submanifold of N containing M as a hypersurface.
Some remarks on Nijenhuis brackets, formality, and Kähler manifolds
Authors: Bartolomeis Paolo de , Matveev Vladimir S. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In order to detect formality of the DeRham algebra of a smooth manifold, we determine conditions that ensure that a general dδ-lemma holds; then, as an application of the previous constructions, we obtain a new characterization of Kähler structures.
A new prime-focus corrector for paraboloid mirrors
Authors: Rakich Andrew , Rumsey Norman J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A new form of field corrector for astronomical telescopes with paraboloid primary mirrors is described. Like an earlier design by Wynne, it consists of four spaced lens elements with spherical surfaces only. In commonly occurring circumstances, the new design gives better image sharpness than does Wynne’s. The new system outperforms Wynne’s system for any probable wavelength range, when the field of view exceeds ~50 arc-minutes. Wynne’s original system tends to work better for narrower fields of view with a larger wavelength range. Also, the new system is closer to being telecentric than Wynne’s, which is of interest to the developers of multifiber-fed systems. Further, the geometry of the new system should yield a modestly reduced manufacturing cost.
Lefschetz trace formula for open adic spaces
Authors: Mieda Yoichi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

In this article, we discuss the Lefschetz trace formula for an adic space
which is separated smooth of finite type but not necessarily proper over an algebraically closed
non-archimedean field. Under the condition that there is no set-theoretical fixed point on the boundary,
we obtain a fixed point formula. As an application, we can establish a trace formula for some formal schemes,
which is applicable to some Rapoport–Zink towers. A partial generalization of Fujiwara's trace formula for contracting morphisms is also given.
Expression and translation of the COX-1b gene in human cells – no evidence of generation of COX-1b protein
Authors: Reinauer Christina , Censarek Petra , Kaber Gernot , Weber Artur-Aron , Steger Gerhard , Klamp Thorsten , Schrör Karsten 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 1b (COX-1b) is a splice variant of COX-1, containing a retained intron 1 within the signal peptide sequence. COX-1b mRNA is found in many species, but the existence of a functionally active protein, which is possibly related to different species-dependent lengths of intron 1, is controversially discussed. The human intron 1 comprises 94 bp, and the resulting frameshift at the intron 1-exon 2 junction creates a premature stop codon. Nevertheless, full-length human COX-1b protein expression, including translated intron 1 and the signal peptide, has been reported and was explained by a frameshift repair. In this study, the fate of COX-1b mRNA in a human overexpression system is analyzed. Independent of the hypothetical frameshift repair mechanism, the splicing of the COX-1b intron 1, resulting in COX-1 mRNA and removal of the signal peptide during protein maturation, with subsequent generation of a COX-1 protein is demonstrated.
Clinical impact of an angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion and kinin B2 receptor +9/-9 polymorphisms in the prognosis of renal transplantation
Authors: Amorim Carlos E.N. , Nogueira Eliana , Almeida Sandro S. , Gomes Pedro P.G. , Bacurau Reury F.P. , Ozaki K. Suzete , Cenedeze Marcos A. , Silva Filho Alvaro P. , Câmara Niels O.S. , Araujo Ronaldo C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
There is a consensus in the scientific literature that supports the importance of the kallikrein kinin and renin angiotensin systems in renal physiology, but few studies have investigated their importance after renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the +9/-9 polymorphism in the kinin B2 receptor (B2R) gene in kidney-transplanted patients (n=215 ACE, n=203 B2R) compared with 443 healthy individuals. Demographic results showed that there is a higher frequency of the D allele (high plasma ACE activity) and +9 allele (lower B2R expression) in transplant patients compared with control individuals. We also observed a higher frequency of these alleles in patients who had an elevated level of plasma creatinine. At day 7 post-transplantation, we found a higher prevalence of individuals with the DD genotype with elevated plasma creatinine level. Furthermore, individuals with the DD genotype had a higher chronic allograft dysfunction and graft loss compared with the II patient genotype, which showed no loss of graft. Taken together, our data suggest that the DD genotype is an indicator of an unfavorable prognosis following renal transplantation and could be related to kinin modulation.
pKa
values and redox potentials of proteins. What do they mean?
Authors: Ullmann G. Matthias , Bombarda Elisa 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this article, we review a microstate model that uses protonation and redox microstates in order to understand the complex pH and redox titration of proteins and other polyelectrolytes. From this model, it becomes obvious that it is impossible to assign pK

a
values or redox potentials to individual protonatable or redox-active sites in a protein in which many of such sites interact. Instead each site is associated with many microscopic equilibrium constants that may lead to irregular or even non-monotonic titration curves of some groups. The microstate model provides a closed theoretical framework to discuss such phenomena.