bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are late‐night eating habits and sleep duration associated with glycemic control in adult type 1 diabetes patients treated with insulin pumps?
Authors: Matejko Bartlomiej , Kiec‐Wilk Beata , Szopa Magdalena , Trznadel Morawska Iwona , Malecki Maciej T. , Klupa Tomasz 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionLittle is known about the impact of sleep duration and late‐night snacking on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin pumps. The aim of the present study was to examine whether late‐night eating habits and short sleep duration are associated with glycemic control in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion‐treated type 1 diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsWe included 148 consecutive adult type 1 diabetic subjects using an insulin pump (100 women and 48 men). Participants completed a questionnaire regarding sleep duration (classified as short if ≤6 h) and late‐night snacking. Other sources of information included medical records and data from blood glucose meters. Glycemic control was assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and mean self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) readings.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 26 years, mean type 1 diabetes duration was 13.4 years and mean HbA1c level was 7.2%. In a univariate regression analysis, sleep duration was a predictor of both HbA1c (β = 0.51, P = 0.01) and SMBG levels (β = 11.4, P = 0.02). Additionally, an association was found between frequent late‐night snacking and higher SMBG readings (often snacking β = 18.1, P = 0.05), but not with increased HbA1c levels. In the multivariate linear regression, independent predictors for HbA1c and SMBG were sleep duration and patient age. In a univariate logistic regression, sleep duration and frequency of late‐night snacking were not predictors of whether HbA1c target levels were achieved.ConclusionsShort sleep duration, but not late‐night snacking, seems to be associated with poorer glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
Effect of Vaginal Electrical Stimulation on Female Sexual Functions: A Randomized Study
Authors: Aydın Serdar , Arıoğlu Aydın Çağrı , Batmaz Gonca , Dansuk Ramazan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a common problem that may be encountered in the interruption of normal sexual functioning in the sexual response cycle. Women with a pelvic floor disorder who scored low on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) showed an improvement in their sexual life following treatment by vaginal electrical stimulation (VES).

Aim
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of VES in women with FSD without a predominant pelvic floor disorder or urinary incontinence.

Methods
Forty-two women with FSD were randomly allocated to VES and placebo groups. Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) assessment and the FSFI questionnaire were performed at baseline and after the completion of sessions. VES treatment was administered using a vaginal probe. The probe was inserted, and a medium-frequency (50 Hz) alternating current was administered for a duty cycle of 5 seconds on followed by a 5-second rest.

Main Outcomes Measures
Primary outcome measure was the improvement in FSFI score. PFM assessments were performed according to the PERFECT scheme.

Results
Total FSFI scores improved significantly in both the VES group and the control group. Results show that in the VES group, there was an improvement in total score and FSFI domains that improved including arousal, desire, orgasm, and satisfaction. Similarly, control group domains that improved were desire, arousal, and orgasm. But there was no significant increase in satisfaction scores in the placebo group. No significant changes in pain or lubrication domains were seen in either group. Power, endurance, fast contractions, and repetitions were significantly improved in the VES group.

Conclusions
The lack of significant differences between the placebo and VES groups, except the satisfaction domain, puts into question the effectiveness of electrical stimulation as a monotherapy in treating primary FSD without pelvic floor disorder.
“Our Time”: Sylvia Townsend Warner, Virginia Woolf and the 1940s
Authors: Joannou Maroula 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis essay addresses the convergence of ideas and altered priorities of Sylvia Towsend Warner and Virginia Woolf in the Second World War with close attention to Woolf's posthumously published Between the Acts (1941) and Warner's The Corner That Held Them (1948). It considers some of Warner's short fiction. I discuss the literature of the war and how Warner and Woolf are situated in relation to ‘late’ modernism.
The population biology of fungal invasions
Authors: Gladieux P. , Feurtey A. , Hood M. E. , Snirc A. , Clavel J. , Dutech C. , Roy M. , Giraud T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFungal invasions are increasingly recognized as a significant component of global changes, threatening ecosystem health and damaging food production. Invasive fungi also provide excellent models to evaluate the generality of results based on other eukaryotes. We first consider here the reasons why fungal invasions have long been overlooked: they tend to be inconspicuous, and inappropriate methods have been used for species recognition. We then review the information available on the patterns and mechanisms of fungal invasions. We examine the biological features underlying invasion success of certain fungal species. We review population structure analyses, revealing native source populations and strengths of bottlenecks. We highlight the documented ecological and evolutionary changes in invaded regions, including adaptation to temperature, increased virulence, hybridization, shifts to clonality and association with novel hosts. We discuss how the huge census size of most fungi allows adaptation even in bottlenecked, clonal invaders. We also present new analyses of the invasion of the anther‐smut pathogen on white campion in North America, as a case study illustrating how an accurate knowledge of species limits and phylogeography of fungal populations can be used to decipher the origin of invasions. This case study shows that successful invasions can occur even when life history traits are particularly unfavourable to long‐distance dispersal and even with a strong bottleneck. We conclude that fungal invasions are valuable models to contribute to our view of biological invasions, in particular by providing insights into the traits as well as ecological and evolutionary processes allowing successful introductions.
Does the advent of modern implant systems and refinement of free flap techniques negate the effect of radiotherapy in patients with oral cancer undergoing dental implant–based oral rehabilitation?
Authors: Hammond D. , Dover M.S. , Parmar S. , McMillan K. , Van Den Bergh B. , Bayoumi S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to see whether the advent of modern implant systems, and the refinement of free flap techniques, negate the effect of radiotherapy in patients with oral cancer who undergo dental implant–based oral rehabilitation.Materials and methodA retrospective study was performed to look at the success rates of implants placed in all patients, in a 3 year period at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham. Survival rates in irradiated patients were compared with success rates in patients who did receive radiotherapy.Results and conclusionsThe rate of failure is comparable in the no radiotherapy group (1.12%) and post‐radiotherapy group (1.76%). Our study shows that there was no significant difference in survival when implants were placed in native, grafted bone or in free flap reconstructions in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. Ultimately, the current evidence is not strong enough to prove whether the advent of modern implants systems, and the refinement of free flap techniques, does negate the effect of radiotherapy in patients with oral cancer undergoing dental implant–based oral rehabilitation. There is a need to perform a prospective clinical trial to observe clinical outcomes in both patients who have received radiotherapy and those who have not received radiotherapy.
Gigantiform cementoma of the mandible: case report and literature review
Authors: Montague L.J. , Islam M.N. , Young S. , Islam S. , Broumand V , Bhattacharyya I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe gigantiform cementoma (GC) is an extremely rare, benign condition of fibro‐cemento‐osseous origin that is noted in the jaws, more commonly in younger individuals. Both sporadic cases of GC and those with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance have been reported in the English literature. There exists a great deal of overlap and confusion between GC and other benign, reactive or neoplastic fibro‐osseous lesions, especially florid cement‐osseous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma. The GC typically presents as a multiquadrant, expansile, mixed radiolucent‐opaque lesions that frequently cross the midline of the jaws. We report a case of GC in a 41‐year‐old Haitian female. Clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of this condition are presented, along with criteria to differentiate GC from other fibro‐osseous diseases of the jaws. A brief review of the literature with clinical, radiographic findings and treatment recommendation is discussed. Additional cases of GC, as well as further investigation of the genes that may be involved, are needed to further understand this rare entity.
The Implosion of the Federal Budget Process: Triggers, Commissions, Cliffs, Sequesters, Debt Ceilings, and Shutdown
Authors: Meyers Roy T. 
Published: December 2014

Budgeting in the federal government recently imploded. The competing parties played repeated games of chicken in which they set short‐term budget deadlines and established automatic procedures in hopes of outmaneuvering their opponents. They went to the brink of defaulting on the government's debt, and then shut down the government. This article recounts the history of this implosion and discusses what might have caused it. Budgeting's decline was certainly driven by partisan conflict. Yet budgeting's decline was also due to a dumbing down of aspirations for the process. Ironically, budget hawks contributed substantially to this when they endorsed “action‐forcing mechanisms” that they hoped would constitute “credible commitments” to adopt sustainable budgetary policies. Even if their aspirations were partially realized, their logic was flawed and the collateral damage was substantial.
“Obama, Congress Must Reach Deal On Budget By March 1, And Then April 1, And Then April 20, And Then April 28, And Then May 1, And Then Twice A Week For Next Four Years”–Headline in The Onion, February 27, 2013
“So we're going to hit the debt ceiling then go off the fiscal cliff. I assume an anvil lands on us after that.”–@pourmecoffee, December 26, 2012
Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity in Bovine Pre‐implantation Embryos In Vitro
Authors: Gilchrist GC , Kurjanowicz P , Mereilles FV , King WA , LaMarre J 
Published: December 2014

ContentsTelomeres are specialized structures that cap the ends of chromosomes and help to maintain genomic integrity and stability. Telomeres undergo dynamic changes during embryo development, which also represents an important stage for telomere elongation through telomerase enzyme activity. The objectives of this study were to examine changes in telomere length and telomerase activity from the early oocyte, through to the blastocysts stage of development, and the expression of factors with the potential to directly regulate telomeres. In vitro‐produced bovine embryos were lysed and analysed for either relative telomere length, or telomerase activity using quantitative real‐time PCR protocols. Our results reveal that relative telomere length is the shortest in the presumptive zygote stage of development and gradually increases to the blastocyst stage. We also demonstrate that differences between the mean telomere lengths throughout these stages are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Telomerase activity in the stages examined appears relatively constant until the blastocyst, where the highest level of activity is detected, leading to a significant difference in telomerase activity across embryonic stages (p < 0.005). Bovine telomerase RNA component (bTERC) expression levels were highest in the blastocyst, TERF1 transcripts showed little change in expression, and TERF2 expression decreased in the blastocysts (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a complex integration of telomere‐related RNA and proteins influences the regulatory mechanisms involved in ‘reprogramming’ of telomeres during early embryonic stages.
Thrombin generation and coagulation factor content of thawed plasma and platelet concentrates
Authors: Cookson P. , Lawrie A. , Green L. , Dent E. , Proffitt S. , Bashir S. , Thomas S. , Cardigan R. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundWe assessed the haemostatic capacity of thawed plasma produced after ambient storage of whole blood for 24 h (RTFP24), and the supernatant of buffy‐coat derived platelet concentrates (PC).MethodsPlatelet concentrates (n = 20) were tested on days 1, 5 and 7 of storage at 22°C and RTFP24 (n = 10) immediately following thawing and after 4 and 6 days storage at 4°C. Coagulation factor activity, thrombin generation ± an activator of protein C (PROTAC) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) were assessed.ResultsIn plasma and buffy‐coat derived PC, there was a < 10% loss of factors II, IX and FX, but much higher loss of factors FV, FVII and FVIII. In plasma, the total or peak amount of thrombin generated was unaffected by storage for 6 days, with or without Protac®, but there was an increase in lag time and decreased rate of clot formation by ROTEM. In PC, but not plasma, there was a 16% increase in FXII activity and increase in resistance to activated protein C, co‐incidental to 30% loss of free protein S.ConclusionsThese data suggest thrombin generation is relatively unaltered when RTFP24 is thawed and stored for 6 days, and that the supernatant of PC has significant haemostatic capacity.
Relationships Between Rating-of-Perceived-Exertion- and Heart- Rate-Derived Internal Training Load in Professional Soccer Players: A Comparison of On-Field Integrated Training Sessions
Authors: Campos-Vazquez Miguel Angel , Mendez-Villanueva Alberto , Gonzalez-Jurado Jose Antonio , León-Prados Juan Antonio , Santalla Alfredo , Suarez-Arrones Luis 
Published: December 2014

Purpose:To describe the internal training load (ITL) of common training sessions performed during a typical week and to determine the relationships between different indicators of ITL commonly employed in professional football (soccer).Methods:Session-rating-of-perceived-exertion TL (sRPE-TL) and heart-rate- (HR) derived measurements of ITL as Edwards TL and Stagno training impulses (TRIMPMOD) were used in 9 players during 3 periods of the season. The relationships between them were analyzed in different training sessions during a typical week: skill drills/circuit training + small-sided games (SCT+SSGs), ball-possession games + technical-tactical exercises (BPG+TTE), tactical training (TT), and prematch activation (PMa).Results:HR values obtained during SCT+SSGs and BPG+TTE were substantially greater than those in the other 2 sessions, all the ITL markers and session duration were substantially greater in SCT+SSGs than in any other session, and all ITL measures in BPG+TTE were substantially greater than in TT and PMa sessions. Large relationships were found between HR >80% HRmax and HR >90% HRmax vs sRPE-TL during BPG+TTE and TT sessions (r = .61−.68). Very large relationships were found between Edwards TL and sRPE-TL and between TRIMPMOD and sRPE-TL in sessions with BPG+TTE and TT (r = .73−.87). Correlations between the different HR-based methods were always extremely large (r = .92−.98), and unclear correlations were observed for other relationships between variables.Conclusion:sRPE-TL provided variable-magnitude within-individual correlations with HR-derived measures of training intensity and load during different types of training sessions typically performed during a week in professional soccer. Caution should be applied when using RPE- or HR-derived measures of exercise intensity/load in soccer training interchangeably.
Hip-Abduction Torque and Muscle Activation in People With Low Back Pain
Authors: Sutherlin Mark A. , Hart Joseph M. 
Published: December 2014

Context:Individuals with a history of low back pain (LBP) may present with decreased hip-abduction strength and increased trunk or gluteus maximus (GMax) fatigability. However, the effect of hip-abduction exercise on hip-muscle function has not been previously reported.Objective:To compare hip-abduction torque and muscle activation of the hip, thigh, and trunk between individuals with and without a history of LBP during repeated bouts of side-lying hip-abduction exercise.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Clinical laboratory.Participants:12 individuals with a history of LBP and 12 controls.Intervention:Repeated 30-s hip-abduction contractions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip-abduction torque, normalized root-mean-squared (RMS) muscle activation, percent RMS muscle activation, and forward general linear regression.Results:Hip-abduction torque reduced in all participants as a result of exercise (1.57 ± 0.36 Nm/kg, 1.12 ± 0.36 Nm/kg; P < .001), but there were no group differences (F = 0.129, P = .723) or group-by-time interactions (F = 1.098, P = .358). All participants had increased GMax activation during the first bout of exercise (0.96 ± 1.00, 1.18 ± 1.03; P = .038). Individuals with a history of LBP had significantly greater GMax activation at multiple points during repeated exercise (P < .05) and a significantly lower percent of muscle activation for the GMax (P = .050) at the start of the third bout of exercise and for the biceps femoris (P = .039) at the end of exercise. The gluteal muscles best predicted hip-abduction torque in controls, while no consistent muscles were identified for individuals with a history of LBP.Conclusions:Hip-abduction torque decreased in all individuals after hip-abduction exercise, although individuals with a history of LBP had increased GMax activation during exercise. Gluteal muscle activity explained hip-abduction torque in healthy individuals but not in those with a history of LBP. Alterations in hip-muscle function may exist in individuals with a history of LBP.
Mulligan Concept Use and Clinical Profile From the Perspective of American Certified Mulligan Practitioners
Authors: May James , Krzyzanowicz Ryan , Nasypany Alan , Baker Russell , Seegmiller Jeffrey 
Published: December 2014

Context:Although randomized controlled trials indicate that the Mulligan Concept (MC) of mobilization with movement can improve pain-free grip strength and pressure pain threshold in patients with lateral epicondylalgia of the elbow, improve ankle dorsiflexion in patients with subacute ankle sprains, and decrease the signs and symptoms of patients with cervicogenic headache, little is known about the clinical application, use, and profile of certified Mulligan practitioners (CMPs) in America.Objective:To better understand the use and value of applying the MC philosophy in clinical-care environments from the perspective of American CMPs while establishing a clinical profile of a CMP.Design:Quantitative descriptive design. Setting: Online survey instrument.Participants:American CMPs.Data Collection and Analysis:Online survey instrument.Results:CMPs use the MC to treat a broad spectrum of spinal and peripheral clinical pathologies in primarily outpatient clinics with an active and athletic population. American CMPs also find value in the MC.Conclusions:American CMPs continue to use and find value in the MC intervention strategy to treat a broad spectrum of spinal and peripheral conditions in their clinical practices.
Serogroup-Specific Bacterial Engineered Glycoproteins as Novel Antigenic Targets for Diagnosis of Shiga Toxin-Producing-Escherichia coli-Associated Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Melli Luciano J. , Ciocchini Andrés E. , Caillava Ana J. , Vozza Nicolás , Chinen Isabel , Rivas Marta , Feldman Mario F. , Ugalde Juan E. , Comerci Diego J. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Human infection with Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) is a major cause of postdiarrheal hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure.
E. coli
O157:H7 is the dominant STEC serotype associated with HUS worldwide, although non-O157 STEC serogroups can cause a similar disease. The detection of anti-O157
E. coli
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies in combination with stool culture and detection of free fecal Shiga toxin considerably improves the diagnosis of STEC infections. In the present study, we exploited a bacterial glycoengineering technology to develop recombinant glycoproteins consisting of the O157, O145, or O121 polysaccharide attached to a carrier protein as serogroup-specific antigens for the serological diagnosis of STEC-associated HUS. Our results demonstrate that using these antigens in indirect ELISAs (glyco-iELISAs), it is possible to clearly discriminate between STEC O157-, O145-, and O121-infected patients and healthy children, as well as to confirm the diagnosis in HUS patients for whom the classical diagnostic procedures failed. Interestingly, a specific IgM response was detected in almost all the analyzed samples, indicating that it is possible to detect the infection in the early stages of the disease. Additionally, in all the culture-positive HUS patients, the serotype identified by glyco-iELISAs was in accordance with the serotype of the isolated strain, indicating that these antigens are valuable not only for diagnosing HUS caused by the O157, O145, and O121 serogroups but also for serotyping and guiding the subsequent steps to confirm diagnosis.
Pseudorabies Virus Triggers Glycoprotein gE-Mediated ERK1/2 Activation and ERK1/2-Dependent Migratory Behavior in T Cells
Authors: Setas Pontes Maria , Devriendt Bert , Favoreel Herman W. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

The interaction between viruses and immune cells of the host may lead to modulation of intracellular signaling pathways and to subsequent changes in cellular behavior that are of benefit for either virus or host. ERK1/2 (extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2) signaling represents one of the key cellular signaling axes. Here, using wild-type and gE null virus, recombinant gE, and gE-transfected cells, we show that the gE glycoprotein of the porcine
Varicellovirus
pseudorabies virus (PRV) triggers ERK1/2 phosphorylation in Jurkat T cells and primary porcine T lymphocytes. PRV-induced ERK1/2 signaling resulted in homotypic T cell aggregation and increased motility of T lymphocytes. Our study reveals a new function of the gE glycoprotein of PRV and suggests that PRV, through activation of ERK1/2 signaling, has a substantial impact on T cell behavior.

IMPORTANCE
Herpesviruses are known to be highly successful in evading the immune system of their hosts, subverting signaling pathways of the host to their own advantage. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway, being involved in many cellular processes, represents a particularly attractive target for viral manipulation. Glycoprotein E (gE) is an important virulence factor of alphaherpesviruses, involved in viral spread. In this study, we show that gE has the previously uncharacterized ability to trigger ERK1/2 phosphorylation in T lymphocytes. We also show that virus-induced ERK1/2 signaling leads to increased migratory behavior of T cells and that migratory T cells can spread the infection to susceptible cells. In conclusion, our results point to a novel function for gE and suggest that virus-induced ERK1/2 activation may trigger PRV-carrying T lymphocytes to migrate and infect other cells susceptible to PRV replication.