bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the front line: integrated habitat mapping for olive ridley sea turtles in the southeast Atlantic
Authors: Pikesley Stephen K. , Maxwell Sara M. , Pendoley Kellie , Costa Daniel P. , Coyne Michael S. , Formia Angela , Godley Brendan J. , Klein Warren , Makanga‐Bahouna Junior , Maruca Sheryl , Ngouessono Solange , Parnell Richard J. , Pemo‐Makaya Edgard , Witt Matthew J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimKnowledge and understanding of marine vertebrate spatial ecology are required to identify sources of threat and highlight areas for conservation. Olive ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys olivacea are in decline in some regions, and data for the Eastern Atlantic are sparse. Here, we seek to describe observed, and potential, post‐nesting habitats for this species in the southeast Atlantic. We contextualize these with fisheries catch data to identify areas of potential threat from fisheries interaction for this species.LocationWest coast of Africa, southeast Atlantic.MethodsWe tracked 21 female olive ridley turtles, from two nesting sites, between 2007 and 2010. We used ensemble ecological niche modelling, integrated with knowledge on the physical and biological oceanographic environment, to identify regions where environmental variables exist that may be critical in defining post‐nesting habitats for this species. We further integrate fisheries catch data to contextualize potential threat from fisheries.ResultsWe describe key areas of observed, and potential, olive ridley turtle occurrence at sea, and reveal that there was considerable overlap of these conspecifics, from two distinct nesting regions, within the Angolan exclusive economic zone (EEZ). With the inclusion of fisheries catch data for the region, we highlight areas that have the potential for conflict with fishing activities known to result in bycatch.Main conclusionsThis study demonstrates that it is imperative that marine conservation policy recognizes the spatial extent of highly migratory species with expansive ranges. It also highlights that deficiencies exist in current knowledge of bycatch, both in gear specificity and in catch per unit effort. With integration of vessel monitoring system (VMS) data and those on fisheries catch, knowledge and understanding of bycatch may be improved, and this will ultimately facilitate development of appropriate management strategies and long‐term sustainability of fisheries and their supporting ecosystems.
A test of fruit varieties on entry rate and development by neonate larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella
Authors: Davis Thomas Seth , Garczynski Stephen F. , Stevens‐Rumann Camille , Landolt Peter J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe rate of entry by neonate larvae of the frugivorous codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), into fruit material was investigated. We used no‐choice bioassays in climate‐controlled rooms to assay larval entry across four host plant species (apple, pear, quince, walnut) and three varieties within a single fruit species (apple). Larvae successfully entering apples were reared to adulthood, and we collected tissue samples from apples which were successfully colonized in order to determine sucrose concentrations. This information was used to evaluate differences in adult moth size, development time, and pulp sucrose concentration due to apple variety. Four important findings emerged: (1) neonate larvae had the highest frequency of entry (86% of larvae) into apple fruits, compared with pear (78%), quince (56%), and walnut (32%); (2) the frequency of larval entry into immature apples differed across apple varieties, and larval entry rate was highest in variety Golden Delicious (72%), compared with Granny Smith (46%) and Red Delicious (64%); (3) on average, adult moths were larger and development times were shorter on the variety with the highest entry frequency (Golden Delicious); and (4) apple pulp sucrose concentrations were higher for Golden Delicious (17.5 μg mg−1) than for either Granny Smith (15.9 μg mg−1) or Red Delicious (15.1 μg mg−1) varieties, which correlates positively with entry and development data. We conclude that host fruit species and varietals within a species affect the entry rate of neonate codling moth larvae in no‐choice assays. We hypothesize that larval development is influenced by mean sucrose concentrations or other phytochemical differences associated with host fruit varieties.
Temperature response of litter and soil organic matter decomposition is determined by chemical composition of organic material
Authors: Erhagen Björn , Öquist Mats , Sparrman Tobias , Haei Mahsa , Ilstedt Ulrik , Hedenström Mattias , Schleucher Jürgen , Nilsson Mats B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe global soil carbon pool is approximately three times larger than the contemporary atmospheric pool, therefore even minor changes to its integrity may have major implications for atmospheric CO2 concentrations. While theory predicts that the chemical composition of organic matter should constitute a master control on the temperature response of its decomposition, this relationship has not yet been fully demonstrated. We used laboratory incubations of forest soil organic matter (SOM) and fresh litter material together with NMR spectroscopy to make this connection between organic chemical composition and temperature sensitivity of decomposition. Temperature response of decomposition in both fresh litter and SOM was directly related to the chemical composition of the constituent organic matter, explaining 90% and 70% of the variance in Q10 in litter and SOM, respectively. The Q10 of litter decreased with increasing proportions of aromatic and O‐aromatic compounds, and increased with increased contents of alkyl‐ and O‐alkyl carbons. In contrast, in SOM, decomposition was affected only by carbonyl compounds. To reveal why a certain group of organic chemical compounds affected the temperature sensitivity of organic matter decomposition in litter and SOM, a more detailed characterization of the 13C aromatic region using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) was conducted. The results revealed considerable differences in the aromatic region between litter and SOM. This suggests that the correlation between chemical composition of organic matter and the temperature response of decomposition differed between litter and SOM. The temperature response of soil decomposition processes can thus be described by the chemical composition of its constituent organic matter, this paves the way for improved ecosystem modeling of biosphere feedbacks under a changing climate.
Will climate change promote future invasions?
Authors: Bellard Celine , Thuiller Wilfried , Leroy Boris , Genovesi Piero , Bakkenes Michel , Courchamp Franck 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBiological invasion is increasingly recognized as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Using ensemble forecasts from species distribution models to project future suitable areas of the 100 of the world's worst invasive species defined by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, we show that both climate and land use changes will likely cause drastic species range shifts. Looking at potential spatial aggregation of invasive species, we identify three future hotspots of invasion in Europe, northeastern North America, and Oceania. We also emphasize that some regions could lose a significant number of invasive alien species, creating opportunities for ecosystem restoration. From the list of 100, scenarios of potential range distributions show a consistent shrinking for invasive amphibians and birds, while for aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates distributions are projected to substantially increase in most cases. Given the harmful impacts these invasive species currently have on ecosystems, these species will likely dramatically influence the future of biodiversity.
Rapid screening method to study the reactivity of UV filter substances towards skin proteins by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Stiefel C. , Schwack W. 
Published: July 2013

SynopsisObjectiveMost UV filters used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products contain carbonyl groups, which generally are able to react with peptides or free amino acids of the human skin. To estimate their reactivity, we studied different prominent UV filter substances, octocrylene, ethylhexyl salicylate, 4‐t‐butyl‐4′‐methoxydibenzoylmethane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone‐3, hydroxymethylbenzoyl sulphonic acid, octyldimethyl p‐aminobenzoic acid, 3‐benzylidene camphor, 4‐methylbenzylidene camphor, diethylhexyl butamido triazone and ethylhexyl triazone.MethodsA simple screening method using an amino HPTLC plate as protein model was established. The influence of different reaction conditions like heating and irradiation was determined.ResultsThe ketones BP‐3, HMBS and BM‐DBM revealed the highest binding rates after both irradiation and heating. After 1 h of irradiation, 82%, 28% and 96%, respectively, were bonded to the amino phase, while heating resulted in values of 52%, 36% and 16%. For BP‐3 and HMBS, even storage in the dark at room temperature resulted in a low binding. Contrarily, for the two camphor derivatives 3‐BC and 4‐MBC, only irradiation led to a slightly turnover. UV filters with ester groups also showed a different behaviour depending on their main skeleton. While OCR especially reacted under heating with the amino phase, resulting in 36% of bound species after one hour, UV irradiation particularly encouraged a reaction of the other esters. After 1 h irradiation, 15% of EHMC, 38% of EHS and 48% of OD‐PABA were bonded to the amino groups of the HPTLC plate, whereas the reactivity of the two triazones, EHT and DEBT, was comparatively low.ConclusionEspecially the UV filters BP‐3, BM‐DBM, HMBS, EHMC or OCR, which are commonly known to cause contact dermatitis, showed a high tendency to form adducts with the amino layer. Thus, the amino plate seems to be a proper tool to screen for skin sensitizers.
Changes in maize starch water sorption isotherms caused by high pressure
Authors: Santos Mauro D. , Ferreira José , Fidalgo Liliana G. , Queirós Rui P. , Delgadillo Ivonne , Saraiva Jorge A. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe effect of high pressure (300 MPa, for up to 60‐min duration) on water sorption (adsorption and desorption) properties of maize starch suspensions was studied. Increase in the pressurisation time (5–60 min) augmented linearly the water‐holding capacity of starch by 2.7‐fold. Adsorption and desorption isotherms moved to higher moisture contents with the increment of pressurisation time. These movements caused the hysteresis effect extent to decrease/increase with the pressurisation time for lower/higher water activity values. While no particular tendency was found for the effect of pressurisation time on energy‐related constants, Cb (BET) and Cg (GAB), the K value decreases linearly, being always higher for sorption. The monolayer value obtained using the BET model was lower compared with the GAB model, increasing linearly in both cases with the pressurisation time. The results obtained in this study are of possible technological importance for food products containing starch.
Community phylogenetics at the biogeographical scale: cold tolerance, niche conservatism and the structure of North American forests
Authors: Hawkins Bradford A. , Rueda Marta , Rangel Thiago F. , Field Richard , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe fossil record has led to a historical explanation for forest diversity gradients within the cool parts of the Northern Hemisphere, founded on a limited ability of woody angiosperm clades to adapt to mid‐Tertiary cooling. We tested four predictions of how this should be manifested in the phylogenetic structure of 91,340 communities: (1) forests to the north should comprise species from younger clades (families) than forests to the south; (2) average cold tolerance at a local site should be associated with the mean family age (MFA) of species; (3) minimum temperature should account for MFA better than alternative environmental variables; and (4) traits associated with survival in cold climates should evolve under a niche conservatism constraint.LocationThe contiguous United States.MethodsWe extracted angiosperms from the US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis database. MFA was calculated by assigning age of the family to which each species belongs and averaging across the species in each community. We developed a phylogeny to identify phylogenetic signal in five traits: realized cold tolerance, seed size, seed dispersal mode, leaf phenology and height. Phylogenetic signal representation curves and phylogenetic generalized least squares were used to compare patterns of trait evolution against Brownian motion. Eleven predictors structured at broad or local scales were generated to explore relationships between environment and MFA using random forest and general linear models.ResultsConsistent with predictions, (1) southern communities comprise angiosperm species from older families than northern communities, (2) cold tolerance is the trait most strongly associated with local MFA, (3) minimum temperature in the coldest month is the environmental variable that best describes MFA, broad‐scale variables being much stronger correlates than local‐scale variables, and (4) the phylogenetic structures of cold tolerance and at least one other trait associated with survivorship in cold climates indicate niche conservatism.Main conclusionsTropical niche conservatism in the face of long‐term climate change, probably initiated in the Late Cretaceous associated with the rise of the Rocky Mountains, is a strong driver of the phylogenetic structure of the angiosperm component of forest communities across the USA. However, local deterministic and/or stochastic processes account for perhaps a quarter of the variation in the MFA of local communities.
The endogenous circadian temperature period length (tau) in delayed sleep phase disorder compared to good sleepers
Authors: Micic Gorica , de Bruyn Amanda , Lovato Nicole , Wright Helen , Gradisar Michael , Ferguson Sally , Burgess Helen J. , Lack Leon 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe currently assumed aetiology for delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) is a delay of the circadian system. Clinicians have sought to use bright light therapy, exogenous melatonin or chronotherapy to correct the disorder. However, these treatments have achieved unreliable outcomes for DSPD patients and, as such, one suggestion has been that the disorder may be caused by a longer than normal circadian rhythm period length (i.e. tau). The present study investigated this premise using a 78‐h ultradian, ultra‐short sleep–wake cycle. This constant bedrest routine was used to simulate a series of 1‐h long ‘days’ by alternating 20‐min sleep opportunities and 40 min of enforced wakefulness. Thirteen participants were recruited for the study including, six people diagnosed with DSPD according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders—2 [mean age = 22.0, standard deviation (SD) = 3.3] and seven good sleepers (mean age = 23.1, SD = 3.9) with normal sleep timing. The DSPD participants' core temperature rhythm tau (mean = 24 h 54 min, SD = 23 min) was significantly longer (t = −2.33, P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 1.91) than the good sleepers' (mean 24 h 29 min, SD = 16 min). The temperature rhythm of the DSPD participants delayed more rapidly (i.e. >25 min day−1) than the good sleepers'. These findings provide an explanation for the difficulty that DSPD patients have in phase advancing to a more conventional sleep time and their frequent relapse following treatment. The outcomes of this study support a vigorous and continued application of chronobiological and behavioural therapies to entrain DSPD patients to their desired earlier sleep times.
Sleep duration and sleep disturbances partly explain the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular mortality: the Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Azevedo Da Silva Marine , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Shipley Martin J. , Vahtera Jussi , Brunner Eric J. , Ferrie Jane E. , Kivimäki Mika , Nabi Hermann 
Published: July 2013

SummaryDepressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of death, but most of this association remains unexplained. Our aim was to explore the contribution of sleep duration and disturbances to the association between depressive symptoms, all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. A total of 5813 (4220 men and 1593 women) aged 50–74 years at baseline, participants of the British Whitehall II prospective cohort study, were included. Depressive symptoms, sleep duration and disturbances were assessed in 2003–04. Mortality was ascertained through linkage to the national mortality register until August 2012, with a mean follow‐up of 8.8 years. Depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–1.97)] and cardiovascular diseases (HR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.01–2.64) after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Further adjustment for sleep duration and disturbances reduced the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular mortality by 21% (HR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.91–2.57). Sleep seems to have a role, as a mediator or confounder, in explaining the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular mortality. These findings need replication in larger studies with longer follow‐up.
Life form influences survivorship patterns for 109 herbaceous perennials from six semi‐arid ecosystems
Authors: Chu Chengjin , Havstad Kris M. , Kaplan Nicole , Lauenroth William K. , McClaran Mitchel P. , Peters Debra P. , Vermeire Lance T. , Adler Peter B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuestionsWhat factors explain the variation in plant survival parameters across species and ecosystems?LocationWestern North America.MethodsWe compiled six long‐term data sets from western North America to test for ecosystem‐dependent demographic responses for forbs and grasses. Based on these data, we characterized 123 survivorship curves for 109 species. Three demographic parameters were extracted from these survivorship curves: survival rate at age 1, life expectancy at age 1, and a parameter describing the shape of the survivorship curve. We used a mixed effects model to compare the differences in demographic parameters between life forms (forbs or grasses) and among ecosystems, incorporating ‘ecosystem’ as a random factor, with life form treated as a categorical factor, and mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature treated as continuous variables.ResultsGrasses had higher survival and longer life expectancy than forbs at 1 yr of age. Both forbs and grasses followed Type III survivorship curves, although forbs were closer to Type II compared to the grasses. Averaging across species, hazard ratios for whole survivorship curves differed among most ecosystems. While mean annual precipitation had no effect on any demographic parameter, mean annual temperature had a significantly negative effect on both first year survival rates and life expectancy for forbs.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that life form exerts a strong influence on demographic parameters and their response to temperature variation among ecosystems. This unprecedented information on the age‐specific demography of herbaceous plants has implications for population modelling and research on life‐history evolution and senescence.
The interplay between drug resistance and fitness in malaria parasites
Authors: Rosenthal Philip J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryControlling the spread of antimalarial drug resistance, especially resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin‐based combination therapies, is a high priority. Available data indicate that, as with other microorganisms, the spread of drug‐resistant malaria parasites is limited by fitness costs that frequently accompany resistance. Resistance‐mediating polymorphisms in malaria parasites have been identified in putative drug transporters and in target enzymes. The impacts of these polymorphisms on parasite fitness have been characterized in vitro and in animal models. Additional insights have come from analyses of samples from clinical studies, both evaluating parasites under different selective pressures and determining the clinical consequences of infection with different parasites. With some exceptions, resistance‐mediating polymorphisms lead to malaria parasites that, compared with wild type, grow less well in culture and in animals, and are replaced by wild type when drug pressure diminishes in the clinical setting. In some cases, the fitness costs of resistance may be offset by compensatory mutations that increase virulence or changes that enhance malaria transmission. However, not enough is known about effects of resistance mediators on parasite fitness. A better appreciation of the costs of fitness‐mediating mutations will facilitate the development of optimal guidelines for the treatment and prevention of malaria.
The Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis pseudoreticulata) E3 ubiquitin ligase Erysiphe necator‐induced RING finger protein 1 (EIRP1) activates plant defense responses by inducing proteolysis of the VpWRKY11 transcription factor
Authors: Yu Yihe , Xu Weirong , Wang Jie , Wang Lei , Yao Wenkong , Yang Yazhou , Xu Yan , Ma Fuli , Du Yangjian , Wang Yuejin 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Ubiquitin‐mediated regulation responds rapidly to specific stimuli; this rapidity is particularly important for defense responses to pathogen attack. Here, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Erysiphe necator‐induced RING finger protein 1 (EIRP1) in the defense response of Chinese wild grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata.

The regulatory function of E3 ubiquitin ligase EIRP1 was investigated using molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches.

EIRP1 encodes a C3HC4‐type Really Interesting New Gene (RING) finger protein that harbors E3 ligase activity. This activity requires the conserved RING domain, and VpWRKY11 also interacts with EIRP1 through the RING domain. VpWRKY11 localizes to the nucleus and activates W‐box‐dependent transcription in planta. EIRP1 targeted VpWRKY11 in vivo, resulting in VpWRKY11 degradation. The expression of EIRP1 and VpWRKY11 responds rapidly to powdery mildew in Vitis pseudoreticulata grapevine; also, overexpression of EIRP1 in Arabidopsis confers enhanced resistance to the pathogens Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000.

Our data suggest that the EIRP1 E3 ligase positively regulates plant disease resistance by mediating proteolysis of the negative regulator VpWRKY11 via degradation by the 26S proteasome.