bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impacts of fish body size changes on stock recovery: a case study using an Australian marine ecosystem model
Authors: Audzijonyte Asta , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Kuparinen Anna 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Many fished stocks show long-term reductions in adult body size. Such changes could lead to new feeding interactions and alter stock productivity, introducing new levels of uncertainty in fisheries management. We use a marine ecosystem model parameterized for Southeast Australia to explore how reductions (up to 6% in 50 years) in size-at-age of fished species affect stock recovery after an implementation of a fishing moratorium. We show that reduction in body size can greatly elevate predation mortality and lower the post-fishing biomass of affected species. In our simulations, the recovery period after the fishing moratorium was characterized by two phases. In the initial readjustment phase, the ecosystem dynamics was largely determined by the rapid changes in the biomasses of recovering species and changes in body size had negligible effects. In contrast, fish body sizes had the major impact on the biomasses in the second, semi-equilibrium state and the final biomasses were generally not affected by the harvest rate during the fishing period. When reduced size-at-age elevated predation mortality in most age groups of a species (tiger flathead Platycephalus richardsoni or silver warehou Seriolella punctata in our simulations), the species' equilibrium biomass was considerably lower compared with the scenarios of no change in body size. For other species (pink ling Genypterus blacodes and jackass morwong Nemadactylus macropterus), a predation increase in some age groups was balanced by the decrease in others. The latter reduction in predation mortality occurred when major predators of species with reducing size-at-age were decreasing in size themselves, or when cannibalism was an important source of juvenile mortality (in blue grenadier Macruronus novaezelandiae). We suggest that decreased size-at-age will be most detrimental to stock recovery when the main predators of the stock are not affected by the drivers causing changes in body size.
Detection of High Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of (1→3)-β-d-Glucan in Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Rhein Joshua , Bahr Nathan C. , Morawski Bozena M. , Schutz Charlotte , Zhang Yonglong , Finkelman Malcolm , Meya David B. , Meintjes Graeme , Boulware David R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground.  (1→3)-β-d-Glucan (BDG) is a helpful diagnostic marker for many invasive fungal infections. However, BDG is not thought to be useful in diagnosing cryptococcosis. We evaluated the utility of BDG as an adjunct diagnostic tool for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and presenting with suspected cryptococcal meningitis.Methods.  The Fungitell assay was used to measure BDG concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (n = 177) and serum (n = 109) of HIV-infected Ugandans and South Africans with suspected meningitis. Correlations between BDG concentrations and quantitative CSF cryptococcal cultures, CSF cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) titers, and 18 different CSF cytokine concentrations were assessed using non-parametric tests. Mixed models evaluated longitudinal changes in CSF BDG concentrations. Survival analyses were used to evaluate BDG's relationship with mortality.Results.  The Fungitell BDG assay provided 89% sensitivity and 85% specificity in CSF for cryptococcal meningitis. Serum sensitivity was suboptimal (79%). Cerebrospinal fluid BDG concentrations at diagnosis were median (interquartile range) 343 (200–597) pg/mL in cryptococcal patients and 37 (23–46) pg/mL in patients without cryptococcosis. Sensitivity in CSF improved to 98% (53 of 54) when initial fungal burdens were ≥10 000 colony-forming units/mL. (1→3)-β-d-Glucan normalized rapidly after initiating a.jpegungal therapy. Baseline BDG concentrations correlated with CSF fungal burden (rho = 0.820; P &lt; .001), CSF CRAG lateral flow assay titers (rho = 0.780, P &lt; .001), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in CSF (P = .047). In patients with cryptococcal meningitis, BDG ≥500 pg/mL at diagnosis was associated with increased 10-week mortality.Conclusions.  (1→3)-β-d-Glucan is detectable in the CSF of HIV-infected patients with Cryptococcus, and it may provide useful prognostic information. Sensitivity is less than CRAG; however, BDG normalizes rapidly, unlike CRAG, making BDG potentially useful in diagnosing recurrent episodes.
Reverse enGENEering of regulatory networks from Big Data: a guide for a biologist
Authors: Dong Xiaoxi , Yambartsev Anatoly , Ramsey Stephen , Thomas Lina , Shulzhenko Natalia , Morgun Andrey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOmics technologies enable unbiased investigation of biological systems through massively parallel sequence acquisition or molecular measurements, bringing the life sciences into the era of Big Data. A central challenge posed by such omics datasets is how to transform this data into biological knowledge. For example, how to use this data to answer questions such as: which functional pathways are involved in cell differentiation? Which genes should we target to stop cancer? Network analysis is a powerful and general approach to solve this problem consisting of two fundamental stages, network reconstruction and network interrogation. Herein, we provide an overview of network analysis including a step by step guide on how to perform and use this approach to investigate a biological question. In this guide, we also include the software packages that we and others employ for each of the steps of a network analysis workflow.
Negative opinion of company environment mediates career choice of Accountancy students
Authors: Yoon Kin Tong David , Fa Tong Xue 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore accountancy students’ pre‐employment decisions as regards pursuing a career after completing an internship. The paper aims to analyse the mediating effect of aspects of students’ training experience in firms as direct/indirect factors which influence their career decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from a class after the students had completed internships and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The aim was to establish a model after nesting the second‐order confirmatory analysis of the data. The final stage was to analyse multiple mediating factors, such as the type of company (TOC) and the students’ opinion of the company.FindingsThe interns perceived opportunities for promotion in accounting firms as a long‐term advantage over salary and benefits and as a key criterion for pursuing a career in accountancy. The results indicate that person‐job (P‐J) fit affects students’ career choice more than person‐organisation (P‐O) fit, and that students’ negative opinion of the company environment mediates their intention to pursue a career in the firm after graduation.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size of 121 students was limited by the number of student intake per year and the study was conducted based on per intake. This may limit the generalisability of the results.Practical implicationsThe internship coordinators should provide sufficient information to students about the expectations of accounting firms before embarking on them and encourage an open feedback loop when they return from training to improve the internship programmes. Accounting firms, in turn, should prepare comprehensive work schedules that balance out routine administrative work with challenging auditing or tax tasks. These would improve the students’ judgement and lead them to better decisions to pursue the career and reduce turnover.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of the transitional career decisions of graduating students as regards pursuing a career in accountancy, and therefore adds to the second cycle of early employment among college graduates in the vocational literature. It also confirms the mediating factors which indirectly affect students’ career decisions and therefore how firms can improve these circumstances for future recruitment.
Reaching out: connecting students to their personal librarian
Authors: Henry Cynthia L. , Vardeman Kimberly K. , Syma Carrye K. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight how librarians at Texas Tech University Libraries are thinking outside the box. Librarians launched services in a number of directions by creating new service points through videos, QR code signs, and roving reference. Personal librarians use videos to introduce themselves, allowing the patron to relate to the librarian on a personal level. Signs with QR codes are posted in areas of the library to assist patrons in locating materials, rooms, or services. Roving reference allows librarians to step out of the library, meeting patrons' needs across campus.Design/methodology/approachThe literature is limited on libraries utilizing videos to promote librarians and roving reference. This paper examines in detail services deployed in the last two years at Texas Tech University Libraries.FindingsThe reaction to these services has been mixed. Students responded that videos and roving reference have a personal touch and meet patrons at their point of need. Students have not adopted the QR code technology.Research limitations/implicationsUnfortunately, these new services do not have long‐term statistics to evaluate.Practical implicationsThe paper acts as a guide to implementing marketing in academic libraries, QR codes, and reference services off the desk. Other libraries can implement the services described.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research is the creative way the librarians approached the needs of the patrons.
Temporary librarians in academe: current use, future considerations
Authors: Mayo Janet L. , Whitehurst Angela P. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe primary aim of this study is to determine the uses and prevalence of temporary librarians in libraries at four‐year universities during the current economic downturn. The paper also seeks to determine the temporary librarians' conditions of employment.Design/methodology/approachThese objectives were achieved by surveying a representative sample of four‐year institutions in both the authors' state and nationwide.FindingsThe study found that, as in several previous surveys, temporary librarians are still being used sparingly. They are used to fill vacancies due to open positions or faculty leaves of absence, special projects, grant‐funded projects, fellowships and sometimes to offer spouses of teaching faculty an employment opportunity. They are employed in both technical and public services roles, but not in managerial positions. They are expected to have the same education as full‐time librarians, are compensated similarly and sometimes also receive benefits. Conditions for contract renewal included employee performance, availability of funding and perceived need for the continuation of their duties.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited by a small pool, so results may not be generalizable to a larger population. Because of many of the participants being in the same state, there may be unintentional consistency in the responses.Practical implicationsThis study may provide guidance to administrators in making decisions on the future use of temporary librarians, both in how many to hire and in what ways to employ them.Originality/valueThe value in this study lies in the fact that it updates previous studies by generating current data on the topic.
Influences on reward mix determination: reward consultants' perspectives
Authors: Chapman Jonathan , Kelliher Clare 
Published: November 2014

PurposeReward research has focussed on level (what individuals are paid) and structure (relationship between different levels of reward). Less emphasis has been given to reward mix decisions, i.e. the relative proportions of each element making up overall reward. This paper seeks to examine the determinants of reward mix.Design/methodology/approachInterview based research with reward consultants as key organisational observers and participants in reward mix decision making.FindingsBenchmarking has led to the development of reward mix norms. Organisations are under pressure to conform to these norms, moderated by leadership beliefs, the occurrence of events and the extent to which organisations' change capability can overcome strong institutional forces.Research limitations/implicationsThe results question agency theory based explanations of reward mix determination and point towards resource dependence and institutional theory perspectives being more suitable theoretical frameworks.Practical implicationsThe model developed allows reward managers to consider how the moderating variables, to the dominant mimetic pressure faced, could be manipulated for their firm to allow greater differentiation of the reward mix.Originality/valueAcademically the work contributes to a programme of research into reward determination from a constructionist perspective and aims to provide greater theoretical robustness to the subject. Practically, the findings may prompt practitioners to think more consciously about the drivers of their firm's reward mix. Policy makers may use the stronger theoretical base for understanding the determinants of reward mix choices and the extent to which organisational free choice and institutionally determined choice influence final choices in reward policy decision making.
Using end‐user surveys to enhance facilities design and management
Authors: Hebert Paulette R. , Chaney Sylvia 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis study aims to focus on the use of a survey questionnaire to inform a sustainable lighting design modification of an existing university library on the campus of a large land‐grant university in the Mid‐Western USA and also aims to suggest that a similar methodology may be useful in other facilities' design applications.Design/methodology/approachA 40‐item questionnaire was developed, which sought to evaluate the effect of the existing lighting design on end‐users' perceptions and opinions at the university library and to gather general opinions regarding sustainability from library end‐users. The self‐administered survey asked respondents how much they agreed or disagreed (on a five‐point, Likert‐type scale) with a set of statements about sustainability, their use of the library, and their understanding of and reaction to its existing illumination.FindingsA total of 183 respondents completed and returned questionnaires, the majority of whom indicated that they were undergraduate students enrolled at the university. The survey results indicate that the respondents were aware of sustainability and sustainable lighting; that they were dissatisfied with the library's existing lighting; and that they suggested that these issues be addressed by the university to reduce the library's environmental footprint.Research limitations/implicationsThe study fills a gap in the literature since it documents the application of citizen participation theory to solicit input from stakeholders in an institutional setting to influence facility design. However, the research is limited by the fact that the sample comprised mostly of female undergraduate students.Originality/valueEnd‐users influenced the design development of a university library's lighting renovation. This renovation is ultimately anticipated to lower the energy consumed to illuminate the facility, to increase the end‐users' perceptions of the facility's sustainability, to meet new university guidelines, and to reduce the facility's environmental impact. There are potential applications for the procedures described herein for other facilities in the integration of stakeholders in renovation projects.
Factors affecting service innovations in FM service sector
Authors: Sillanpää Elina , Junnonen Juha‐Matti 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose is to clarify the concept of service innovation in the context of FM service and to map the factors that are critical for service innovations in the FM service sector. The research questions are: how can service innovations be classified in the FM service sector and what are the factors that create requirements and barriers to the service innovations in the FM service sector?Design/methodology/approachThe nature of this study is qualitative. The data were gathered from two specialist workshops and from semi‐structured interviews. The people interviewed worked for the largest service provider companies in Finland and their customers.FindingsResults yielded by this study comprise the classification of service innovations and the factors that create requirements and barriers for the service innovations in the FM service sector.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on examining the innovation process and its development and on developing innovation activity in large‐scale service provider companies in Finland.Practical implicationsThis study promotes innovation activity in the FM service sector. It helps a service provider to minimize the barriers of service innovation and maximize the related requirements.Originality/valueThis study promotes innovation activity in the FM service sector. It helps a service provider to minimize the barriers of service innovation and maximize the related requirements.
Non‐economic gains of Sri Lanka's FTAs with neighbours
Authors: Bandara Jayatilleke S. , Yu Wusheng 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the question: does a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) lead to an improvement in the security of a member country and greater peace between two member countries in the developing world?Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews existing literature and uses the idea of non‐economic gains from regional trading agreements to explain how Sri Lanka managed to use FTAs to neutralise India and obtain military assistance from Pakistan using its FTAs with two countries during the recently concluded war.FindingsEven though political objectives were not explicitly outlined in Sri Lanka's two FTAs with its big rival neighbours (India and Pakistan), the FTAs helped Sri Lanka to successfully execute the war against the LTTE (the Tamil Tigers) by neutralising India on the one hand and gaining military assistance from Pakistan on the other.Research limitations/implicationsThe research approach is basically qualitative. However, there is need to develop a comprehensive theoretical model to capture non‐economics gains from FTAs.Originality/valueAlthough there is a growing body of literature on the underlying political and strategic motivations of countries forming regional and bilateral trading arrangements, this paper adds to understanding of what motivates small developing countries to form trade agreements with big neighbours.
Provisional results of the 2011 Census of India
Authors: Perianayagam Arokiasamy , Goli Srinivas 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare the new Census 2011 results with the results of the previous Censuses and assess the progress in trends of population growth, literacy rate, and sex ratio imbalance and also to highlight the critical socioeconomic issues based on short‐term trends and patterns.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is structured in a “commentary and perspective” format. The paper assesses key demographic and socioeconomic features of India's population using 2011 Census data, and compares progress in population and social trends with the results of previous Censuses. The paper also uses data from the National Family Health Survey (2005‐2006) and the United Nations World Population Prospects (2008) to complement Census results and understand the underlying reasons for the progress or deterioration in critical demographic and socioeconomic indicators.FindingsThe provisional results of the 2011 Census data reveal a mixed bag of insights. On the positive side, there has been steady progress in population stabilization and a swift ascent in female literacy since 1991. These encouraging trends, among others, represent major driving forces of demographic and economic returns for India in the coming decades. However, on the negative side, the 2011 Census reveals a deplorable deterioration in the female‐male ratio of the child population aged 0‐6 years, despite India's enforcement of targeted policy measures following the 2001 Census. The country needs to take careful stock of this issue, as its advancing demographic transition and changing socioeconomic circumstances are rapidly translating into an adverse trend of girl child discrimination.Originality/valueThis study compares India's most recent two Censuses and provides original analytical insights into India's progress in population stabilization and development, and the setbacks it faces in terms of gender inequalities. Region and state‐wise analyses are additional contributions based on disaggregated state level data from the recent two Censuses.
Influence factors analysis of online auditing performance assessment
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Sifeng , Smieliauskas Wally J. , Trippen Gerhard 
Published: November 2014

PurposeConsistent with the requirements of online auditing performance assessments, the purpose of this paper is to propose an influence factors analysis method using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey incidence analysis (GIA) to analyze the importance degree of influence factors on online auditing performance quantitatively.Design/methodology/approachA grey incidence model is developed to analyze the influence factors of online auditing performance based on the characteristics of online auditing. Then, the AHP is used to compute the weights of each assessment criterion of online auditing, and the performance of online auditing are computed. Finally, representing the performance assessment results computed by AHP and values of each assessment criterion as two sequences, GIA is used to analyze the importance degree of influence factors of online auditing performance quantitatively.FindingsThe main, secondary and minor influence factors of performance assessment of the online auditing project are identified. For online auditing projects, costs incurred are not the main influence factors of performance. Online auditing projects with higher benefits, higher quality and better design are the really effective ones. Besides, there is no direct relationship between the value of the weight of each criterion and the value of the degree of grey incidence.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide useful decision information to implement online auditing projects.Originality/valueAn effective method for analyzing the importance degree of influence factors of online auditing performance quantitatively is provided in this study.