bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and clinical evidences for glucose control in intensive care: is infused glucose the key point for study interpretation?
Authors: Mazeraud Aurélien , Polito Andrea , Annane Djillali 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStress-induced hyperglycemia has been considered an adaptive mechanism to stress up to the first intensive insulin therapy trial, which showed a 34% reduction in relative risk of in-hospital mortality when normalizing blood glucose levels. Further trials had conflicting results and, at present, stress-induced hyperglycemia management remains non-consensual. These findings could be explained by discrepancies in trials, notably regarding the approach to treat hyperglycemia: high versus restrictive caloric intake. Stress-induced hyperglycemia is a frequent complication during intensive care unit stay and is associated with a higher mortality. It results from an imbalance between insulin and counter-regulatory hormones, increased neoglucogenesis, and the cytokine-induced insulin-resistant state of tissues. In this review, we summarize detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on organs in the critically ill (peripheric and central nervous, liver, immune system, kidney, and cardiovascular system). Finally, we show clinical and experimental evidence of potential benefits from glucose and insulin administration, notably on metabolism, immunity, and the cardiovascular system.
Autoimmune uveitis: a retrospective analysis of 104 patients from a tertiary reference center
Authors: Prete Marcella , Guerriero Silvana , Dammacco Rosanna , Fatone Maria Celeste , Vacca Angelo , Dammacco Francesco , Racanelli Vito 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to identify the main features of a cohort of Caucasian patients with idiopathic (I) and systemic disease-associated (SDA) autoimmune uveitis (AU) who were followed up at a single tertiary reference center. The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features and the response to treatment of 104 patients with AU evaluated between 2004 and 2013, with a median follow-up of 4.8 years. The primary outcome measure was the response to systemic treatment after 24 months of therapy. The data are expressed as the range, percentage, or mean ± standard error. Categorical variables were assessed by Fisher's exact test.

Results
The mean age at diagnosis was 40.1 ± 17.8 years for men and 44.1 ± 15.3 years for women. There was a slight female predominance. Of the 104 patients, 72.1% had I-AU and 27.9% SDA-AU. The most frequent associations were with ankylosing spondyloarthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and Behcet's disease. Symptoms at presentation consisted of eye redness and pain (28.8%), decreased visual acuity (25.9%), and floaters (18.3%). Complications included cataracts (24%), retinal neovascularization (16.3%), chorio-retinal scars (10.6%), cystoid macular edema (8.6%), glaucoma/ocular hypertension (7.7%), epiretinal membranes (4.8%), and retinal detachment (3.8%). The prevalence of autoantibodies, mostly antinuclear antibodies, was comparable between the I-AU and SDA-AU groups. Fisher's exact test showed a direct correlation between patients with class I HLA B27, Cw8, B5 (51, 52), B51, or Cw2 and the presence of AU, whereas among patients with class II HLA, only DQ1 was a predisposing factor for AU. The therapeutic spectrum included corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, given either alone or in various combinations according to the severity of AU and the extent of the clinical response. Among the immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine was preferentially used for anterior uveitis, and cyclosporine-A for intermediate and posterior uveitis. An assessment of the patients after 24 months of therapy showed a complete remission in 43.3% and a significant clinical improvement in 26.9%.

Conclusions
At our tertiary reference center, the prevalence in Caucasian patients of I-AU was approximately 2.5-fold higher than that of SDA-AU. Our findings point to the need for a patient-tailored therapeutic approach according to the anatomic site and the severity of AU. Therapy should be prolonged, over a period of months and even up to 1–2 years, in order to achieve stable control of the disease and to prevent severe complications. The outcome of SDA-AU is also influenced by treatment of the underlying systemic disease. Additional controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy and the long-term safety of both the prescribed therapeutic agents and their combinations.
Association of phosphatase and tensin homolog low and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha gene mutations on outcome in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with first-line lapatinib plus paclitaxel or paclitaxel alone
Authors: Xu Binghe , Guan Zhongzhen , Shen Zhenzhou , Tong Zhongshen , Jiang Zefei , Yang Junlan , DeSilvio Michelle , Russo Mark , Leigh Meggan , Ellis Catherine 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway deregulation (that is PIK3CA mutations and/or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss) has been shown to enhance breast cancer cell survival and confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. We studied the prognostic and predictive value of PIK3CA mutations and PTEN low in patients receiving paclitaxel alone or in combination with lapatinib.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry and mutation analyses were used to evaluate PTEN and PIK3CA, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank tests, logistic regression and Cox models were used in analyses of these biomarkers with efficacy endpoints.

Results
In the overall population, PIK3CA mutations were associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 2.88; P = 0.001). PTEN expression was not associated with OS (P = 0.474). In the PIK3CA wild-type subgroup, lapatinib plus paclitaxel reduced risk of progression compared with paclitaxel alone (HR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.69; P <0.0001); progression-free survival (PFS) was not significantly improved within the PIK3CA mutation subgroup (P = 0.179). In the PTEN low group, OS was improved with addition of lapatinib (P = 0.039). In both PTEN subgroups, addition of lapatinib was associated with improvements in PFS (P <0.050). PIK3CA and PTEN were not predictive of treatment based on interaction tests (P >0.05).

Conclusions
PTEN was neither a significant prognostic nor predictive factor. PIK3CA mutations were an adverse prognostic factor for survival but not predictive for lapatinib benefit.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00281658 (registered 23 January 2006)
Nestin positively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the proliferation, survival and invasiveness of breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Zhao Zuowei , Lu Ping , Zhang Hao , Xu Huanming , Gao Ningning , Li Man , Liu Caigang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
We investigated Nestin expression in triple-negative breast cancer and examined how the modulation of Nestin expression affects cell cycle progression, survival, invasion and regulatory signaling in breast cancer stem cells (CSC) in vitro.

Methods
Nestin expression in 150 triple-negative breast cancer specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. The role of Nestin expression in tumorigenesis was examined by assaying naturally occurring Nestinhigh/Nestinlow CSC from 12 breast cancer tissues, as well as CSC from 26 clinical specimens, where Nestin overexpression and silencing was achieved by genetic manipulation, for their ability to form mammospheres and induce solid tumors. Cell cycle progression, spontaneous apoptosis and invasiveness of Nestin-silenced breast CSC were investigated by flow cytometry and transwell assays. The relative levels of expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related molecules were determined by western blotting.

Results
Nestin expression was significantly associated with poor survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (P = 0.01). Nestinhigh breast CSC rapidly formed typical mammospheres in vitro. Nestinhigh, but not Nestinlow CSC, efficiently formed solid tumors in vivo. Nestin silencing induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M (52.03% versus 19.99% in controls) and promoted apoptosis (36.45% versus 8.29% in controls). Nestin silencing also inhibited breast CSC invasiveness, and was associated with significantly upregulated E-cadherin, while N-cadherin, vimentin, a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was downregulated (P <0.05 for all). Nestin silencing also upregulated Axin, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa), and downregulated β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D and MMP-7 expression in CSC. Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway mitigated mammosphere formation in Nestinhigh CSC, while inhibition of GSK-3β promoted the mammosphere formation in Nestinlow CSC (P <0.05 for all).

Conclusions
Our data indicates that Nestin positively regulates the proliferation, survival and invasiveness of breast CSC by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin activation.
The influence of tamoxifen on normal mouse mammary gland homeostasis
Authors: Shehata Mona , van Amerongen Renée , Zeeman Amber L , Giraddi Rajshekhar R , Stingl John 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Lineage tracing using inducible genetic labeling has emerged to be a powerful method for interrogating the developmental fate of cells in intact tissues. A common induction mechanism is the use of tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase (CreER and CreERT2), but the effects of tamoxifen at doses normally used in lineage-tracing studies on normal adult mammary gland homeostasis are not known.

Methods
We used flow cytometry and immunostaining of intact glands to determine whether varying doses of tamoxifen skew the distribution and the apoptosis and proliferation status of different types of mammary epithelial cells in vivo. We also examined how tamoxifen influences the number of progenitor and mammary repopulating units (MRUs).

Results
Our results indicate that ≥5 mg/25 g body weight of tamoxifen induces a transient increase in cell proliferation and in the number of basal cells in the adult mammary epithelium up to 7 days after tamoxifen administration. However, in the medium term (3 weeks), all doses of tamoxifen ≥1 mg/25 g body weight result in a decrease in the number of basal and EpCAM+CD49b− luminal cells and a decrease in progenitor cell function. Tamoxifen at doses ≥5 mg/25 g body weight induced a transient increase in caspase-3-mediated apoptotic cell death within the mammary epithelium. However, mammary epithelial cell numbers in all subpopulations were restored to their original levels by 8 weeks. No long-lasting effects of tamoxifen on MRU numbers or on pubertal ductal development were observed.

Conclusion
Tamoxifen can skew the distribution of mammary cell types in a dose-dependent manner, and thus caution must be taken when interpreting lineage-tracing studies using high doses of tamoxifen, particularly when short-duration analyses of a quantitative nature are being performed.
Mediterranean and Near East obsidian reference samples to establish artefacts provenance
Authors: Avino Pasquale , Rosada Alberto 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The commercial obsidian trade played an important role during Neolithic period. Its characteristics favoured the exchange network. In this way the Mediterranean area was fundamental. The availability of significant numbers of obsidian samples has allowed to improve the knowledge about the trade and commercial routes. Obsidian samples from the Mediterranean (Aegean, Flegrean, North Latium, Sicily, Sardinia) and Near East (Anatolia) areas were directly collected on the sites and considered as reference. Almost 30 elements were analyzed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA).

Results
The approach based on the source discrimination analysis allowed to identify clearly different obsidian deposits, except the reference samples coming from Flegrean and Sicily areas, quite similar for their geochemical origin. The obtained data were used for assigning the provenance of 71 obsidian artefacts found during archaeological excavations in Tuscany. Two different groups were found: 16 artefacts were attributed to Sicily/Flegrean area whereas 55 items seemed to show a provenance from Aegean.

Conclusions
The results are important because they represents a confirmation about the hypothesis of the existence of a large exchange network in the Mediterranean area since 3000 B.C.
Lead heavy metal toxicity induced changes on growth and antioxidative enzymes level in water hyacinths [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)]
Authors: Malar Srinivasan , Shivendra Vikram Sahi , JC Favas Paulo , Perumal Venkatachalam 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Lead (Pb) heavy metal pollution in water bodies is one of the serious problems across the world. This study was designed to find out the effect of Pb toxicity on physiological and biochemical changes in Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) seedlings.

Results
The plant growth was significantly inhibited (50%) at 1000 mg/L Pb concentration. Accumulation of Pb was higher in root than in shoot tissues. The maximum level of Pb accumulation was noticed in roots (5.45%) followed by petiole (2.72%) and leaf tissues (0.66%). Increasing the Pb concentration gradually decreased the chlorophyll content. Intracellular distribution of Pb was also studied using SEM-EDX, where the Pb deposition was observed in both root and leaf tissues. MDA content increased in both the leaf and root tissues up to the 400 mg/L Pb treatment and slightly decreased at higher concentrations. The activity of antioxidative enzymes, such as APX and POX, positively correlated with Pb treatment, while in the case of SOD and CAT enzymes increased up to 800 mg/L treatment and then slightly decreased at higher concentration in both leaf and root tissues.

Conclusions
These results suggest that water hyacinth plants have efficient mechanism to tolerate Pb toxicity, as evidenced by an increased level of antioxidative enzymes. Results clearly indicate that water hyacinth is a feasible plant for hyperaccumulation of heavy metals from polluted wetlands.
Sliding mode versus PD control for cable-based robots
Authors: Zaatri Abdelouahab , Bouchemal Billel 
Published: July 2014

Cable-based robots as well as their control are relatively new fields of research. The objective of this work is to design, simulate and compare two robot control techniques which are dedicated to be implemented for cable-based robots. The first controller is a classical proportional derivative one (PDC) while the second controller is the sliding mode one (SMC).The proposed controllers are inserted into a closed loop around the cable-based robot for ensuring point to point transfer operations and trajectory tracking. Simulations have been carried out confirming the effectiveness of the PDC and SMC for controlling planar cable-based robots. Performances concerning settling time, precision, vibration and system stability are analyzed and compared. Some simulation results are presented showing, for each control techniques during trajectory tracking, the instantaneous profile evolution of cable lengths and cable tensions.
Personality Ambivalence in the Spiritual and Moral Development of a Cossack
Authors: Кондратьев  , Kondratev S. 
Published: July 2014

The paper considers development of a human personality
through the prism of humanitarian Christian Psychology. The concept
of self-reflexion is introduced as a criterion foundation of a human
personality, and consequently personal ambivalence, inherent in the
spiritual and moral development of a Cossack, is shown and examined.
Featured are infantile, egocentric and altruistic stages in a personality
development.
Multivalency as a Backbone Principle in a Personality Spiritual and Moral Development within the System of Cossack Education
Authors: Кондратьева  , Kondrateva Olga 
Published: July 2014

From the standpoint of the Christian humanitarian psychological
paradigm, the article discusses the principle of polyvalence
as a backbone regulatory standard of spiritual and moral development
within the system of Cossack education. Psychological meaning
of the said principle is revealed and its main integrative features
are highlighted. Intellectual representations are characterized as
pieces of cognitive, metacognitive and intentional experience. The
author discusses moral and conceptual constructs within the framework
of spiritual and moral evolution of a person from egocentrism
toward altruism.
Stylistic Features of Managerial Activity in the Cossack Environment
Authors: Димов  , Dimov R. 
Published: July 2014

The article describes stylistic features of managerial activity
in the cossack environment, discusses milestones in the Cossack
history, traditions and operating procedure of Kazachiy Krug —
Cossacks’ Common Assembly, the supreme authority for Cossacks.
Fostering Information Culture for Higher School Learners, Based on Computer Engineering
Authors: Пристром  , Pristrom I. 
Published: July 2014

Advanced technologies introduction requires to update
all the involved competences: those of researchers, designers, engineers,
production engineers and technologists. Moreover, new
developments urge to adopt a set of managerial innovations, namely,
product lifecycle management, value chain/value network management,
complex systems management, quality management.
Information culture, nurtured in the process of learning, will help
higher school graduates to easily adapt at the workplace, to successfully
master cutting-edge technologies, to sustain continuous
self-development and as a result, to become a highly-sought specialist
at the labor market. As a result of training on the basis of
computer engineering learners master several specialist software
packages, which are widely used in the related industry and enable
to solve engineering problems promptly and on the highest technological
level.
Student’s Subjectivity as a Purpose and a Value of Modern Education
Authors: Селиванова  , Selivanova Olga 
Published: July 2014

The paper considers school student’s subjectivity as a set
of growing human’s innovative features, which the educational
system is aimed to develop. The author proves the value of establishing
a school student’s subjectivity, and conspires it as a process,
through which a student, while setting and achieving personally
and socially meaningful educational goals, recognizes his personal
needs in cognition of himself and the world around him. Components
and levels of subjectivity are described, dynamics of subject-subjective
interplay is traced and personally-oriented educational
techniques, conducive to establishing a student’s subjectivity are
proposed.
The genetics of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese
Authors: SIREGAR ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN , YUNANTO TEDI 
Published: July 2014

Siregar IZ, Yunanto T. (2010).Â The genetics of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese.Â Biodiversitas 11: 5-8. Inheritance and linkage analysis of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) in P. merkusii were performedÂ using megagametophyte tissues of single tree seed-lots. One monomorphic locus (GOT-A)Â and three polymorphic loci (GOT-B,GOT-C and GOT-D) were identified, based on the allelic 1: 1 segregation of putatively heterozygous trees. Linkage analysis revealed that GOTCÂ andÂ GOT-DÂ wereÂ closelyÂ linkedÂ lociÂ withÂ anÂ averageÂ recombinationÂ rate (R) of about 5%. This result which is in contrast to the GOT genetics in other pine species was discussed with regard to the probably occurring gene duplication of one GOT locus.
Impact of forest disturbance on the structure and composition of vegetation in tropical rainforest of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: PITOPANG RAMADHANIL 
Published: July 2014

Pitopang R. 2012. Impact of forest disturbance on the structure and composition of vegetation in tropical rainforest of Central Sulawesi,Â Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13: 178-189. We presented the structure and composition of vegetation in four (4) different land use types namely undisturbed primary forest, lightly disturbed primary forest, selectively logged forest, and cacao forest garden in tropical rainforest margin of the Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Individually all big trees (dbh > 10 cm) was numbered with tree tags and their position in the plot mapped, crown diameter and dbh measured, whereas trunk as well as total height measured by Vertex. Additionally, overstorey plants (dbh 2- 9.9 cm) were also surveyed in all land use types. Identification of vouchers and additional herbarium specimens was done in the field as well as at Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Tadulako University, and Nationaal Herbarium of Netherland (L) Leiden branch, the Netherland. The result showed that the structure and composition of vegetation inÂ studied are was different. Tree species richness was decreased from primary undisturbed forest to cacao plantation, whereas tree diversity and its composition were significantly different among four (4) land use types. Palaquium obovatum, Chionanthus laxiflorus, Castanopsis acuminatissima, Lithocarpus celebicus, Canarium hirsutum, Euonymus acuminifolius and Sarcosperma paniculatum being predominant in land use type A, B and C and Coffea robusta, Theobroma cacao, Erythrina subumbrans, Gliricidia sepium, Arenga pinnata, and Syzygium aromaticum in the cacao plantation. At the family level, undisturbed natural forest was dominated by Fagaceae and Sapotaceae disturbed forest by Moraceae, Sapotaceae, Rubiaceae, and agroforestry systems by Sterculiaceae and Fabaceae.
The population of Jernang rattan (Daemonorops draco) in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Indonesia
Authors: SULASMI IIK SRI , NISYAWATI NISYAWATI , PURWANTO YOHANES , FATIMAH SITI 
Published: July 2014

Sulasmi IS, Nisyawati, Purwanto Y, Fatimah S. 2012. The population of Jernang rattanÂ (Daemonorops draco) Â in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Indonesia.Â Biodiversitas 13: 205-213. Research of Rattan Jernang ((Daemonorops draco Willd.) population in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi had never been done before. Daemonorops draco is a plant that produces sap called dragon blood. Dragon blood is very useful for the the lives of people of Anak Dalam Tribe in Jambi. This research used purposive random sampling method. All of data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that beside D. draco, there were other six species of rattan in Jebak forest. The population of D. draco in Jebak forest was only 8 clumps, consisting of 82 individuals. D. draco had the smallest population among all rattan species. Calamus javensis had the highest population, namely 11 clumps, consisting of 197 individuals. The research location had air temperature of 20.2 oC-28.9 oC, relative humidity of 58%-68%, and pH of 4.60-4.81. In thisÂ location, there were 35 tree species (73 individuals) Â as supporting trees for D. draco to climb. The number of D. dracoâ€™s supporting trees and D. draco was not balanced, causing the death of D. draco in Jebak forest. Vegetation analyses showed that there were 51 tree species with diameter > 10 cm, consisting of 69 individuals. Pithecolobium saman had the highest importance value index (11) among all trees. There were also 33 tree species with diameter < 10 cm, consisting of 60 individuals. Pithecolobium saman also had the highest importance value index (20) in this group. Based on the interview, it is showed that the population of D. draco in Jebak forest declined because of illegal logging and forest encroachment.