bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quackery in the Treatment of Syphilis in Serbia / Nadrilekari u lečenju sifilisa u srbiji
Authors: Lalević-Vasić Bosiljka M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
During the multi-century Ottoman rule, there were no educated physicians in Serbia, and “folk healers” used to treat the sick. Just after the 3rd decade of the 19th century, when the first educated physicians came to Serbia, we can also speak about quackery. At that time, syphilis started spreading and some quacks became “specialists for syphilis”. They were most numerous in the North-East Serbia in the 4th and 5th decades of the 19th century. They represented a major problem, because people believed them more than they believed physicians, while the state authorities of just liberated country, tolerated them. The quacks were not familiar with the clinical features of syphilis, and mostly used mercury to treat it by fumigation and inhalation, rubbing it into the skin, proscribing mercury pills, while symptoms of severe, sometimes lethal intoxication were signs of successful treatment. They also used sarsaparilla. Authorities of the new Government often issued them permission to work, whereas professional control and prohibition of such treatment began in 1839, when the Health Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was established.
The most famous quack, “specialist for syphilis”, was Gojko Marković, who was also a “physician” and the first director of the Hospital for the treatment of syphilis in Serbia during a certain period. A married couple, Gaja and Kita Savković, were also well known, as well as Stojan Milenković, a young man in the service of Prince Miloš. There were, of course, many adventurers, imposters, travelling Turkish and Greek physicians, Gipsies, fortune-tellers, old women, and ignorant people of various professions. Their work was banned by the Government.
Den Postmoderne Biografi
Authors: Kondrup Johnny 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
This article concerns the return of the literary biography in the humanistic fields, especially in Danish literary research, since 1980. During the New Criticism in the 1960s biography was regarded as a superfluous genre, and during the neoMarxism of the 1970s as a naive genre. But around 1980 it returned in the form of a number of new scholarly works especially in the fields of literature and history. This article points to two elements in the postmodern Zeitgeist which might have played a role in promoting the return of biography: first, the collapse of the grand systems of interpretation, and second a change in the ideal of scholarship in the direction of constructivism. Then the article investigates how ‘the new biography’ is distinguished from the old and outlines three points in particular: 1) a greater understanding of the significance of social structures; 2) an increased focus on contingency, incoherence and indeterminacy in a human life; and 3) a rising interest in the ‘ordinary’ human being. On a fourth point, postmodern biography has not come as far as one might expect. Although it could be more experimental and theoretically self-conscious, in fact it employs surprisingly traditional patterns of narrative, most of which are stamped by the Bildungsroman of the 19th century.
To See and Hear Like Ophelia, or How Not to Take Leave of One’s Senses: Representations of the Madwoman in Youtube Culture
Authors: Sosnowska Monika 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Ophelia, fated to insanity, has attracted incomparably more interest than any other Shakespearean heroine. As an archetype of a madwoman Ophelia has been in the limelight for a wide range of supporters and adversaries: literary critics, theatre and film directors, actors and actresses, psychiatrists, philosophers, writers, poets, painters, photographers, feminist and gender revolutionists, and ordinary people, especially women who want to act the story of her losing her senses. The last-mentioned category appear to be fulfilling their dreams of becoming madwomen by posing as lunatic Ophelia and being filmed. The destiny of these amateur films is to be posted on YouTube.
Trauma Drama: Victims’ Traumatic Memories in Kay Adshead’s the Bogus Woman (2001) and Timberlake Wertenbaker’s Credible Witness (2001).
Authors: Klein Hildegard 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In our contemporary society there exists a fascination with trauma and testimony. Thus, my paper looks at traumatised protagonists in the above-mentioned plays that testify to the manifold victimization of asylum seekers. First they were tortured and persecuted in their home countries, and then subjected to new traumatic humiliation in prison-like detention centres in Great Britain. Both plays assume a political position by appealing to the individual conscience of the audience who, through the characters’ outrageous narration, become witnesses to appalling violations of human rights.
Metaphors and Ideology – Gendered Metaphors in Economic Discourse
Authors: Silaški Nadežda 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Under the theoretical wing of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Metaphor Analysis we deal with one specific aspect of economic discourse in English in an attempt to draw attention to the distinctively gendered metaphor of SLENDERNESS on which the concept of the ideal company is based today. The analysis is based on the notion of downsizing and metaphorical expressions that give linguistic voice to the LEAN IS HEALTHY metaphor. Our aim is to demonstrate how ideological values are subtly intertwined with metaphors in economic discourse, so that seemingly harmless metaphors support and reconstruct an aspect of social reality- an androcentric world view.
Gender Aspects in the Attitudes of the Students of the University of Novi Sad Towards Multiculturalism
Authors: Izgarjan Aleksandra , Slobodanka Markov , Prodanović-Stankić Diana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present the results of a case study conducted at the University of Novi Sad which examined the students’ attitudes toward multiculturalism (particularly in educational processes) with a special focus on the gender aspect, and the intersections with their opinions regarding ethnic tolerance and stereotypes against ethnic communities in Serbia.
Pre-Raphaelites Painting Shakespeare’s Women
Authors: Hulea Lavinia 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Iconic signs such as paintings, engravings or book illustrations come into existence as a result of visual attempts at redefining the literary text to which they refer. Although they belong to a different medium, they are always conditioned and influenced by the original literary work. English painting displays a series of famous images which explicitly have their roots in literary texts. While the works of Shakespeare, Keats and Tennyson seem to determine a special connection with painting, Shakespeare’s plays are the source of one of the most inspiring subjects of the Pre-Raphaelite painters: women.
Alice Walker’s Womanism: Perspectives Past and Present
Authors: Izgarjan Aleksandra , Markov Slobodanka 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The article charts the development of womanism as a movement which has presented an alternative to feminism. It advocates inclusiveness instead of exclusiveness, whether it is related to race, class or gender. Womanism provided political framework for colored women and gave them tools in their struggle with patriarchy which imposed restrictive norms and negative stereotypes on them. It also tackled the restrictiveness of feminism which was especially evident in the field of literary scholarship. Womanism is also related to new movements within feminism such as womanist theology and eco-feminism
Early Exploratory Intervention in Scrotal Trauma
Authors: Bocchi Francesca , Benecchi Luigi , Russo Fabrizio , Perucchini Laura , Bocchi Pietro , Martinotti Mario , Del Boca Carlo 
Published: February 2013

Introduction The aim of our study is to assess the incidence of the surgical approach in scrotal trauma. Materials and Methods We retrospectively assessed both penetrating and blunt cases of scrotal trauma observed from 2002 to 2012. For each case we considered various parameters such as the age of the patient, whether the type of trauma was penetrating or blunt, whether or not a surgical approach was taken, whether or not there were polytrauma, whether or not an orchiectomy was performed, and how many days had elapsed since the first urological observation of the trauma. Results 43 cases of scrotal trauma were assessed, of which 39 were blunt traumas (90%) and four penetrating traumas (10%). The median age of all patients was 29 years (range 4–88). Of these patients, eight underwent surgical procedures, of which three were cases of penetrating scrotal trauma and five were cases of blunt trauma, with an average age of 20. We only found it necessary to carry out an orchiectomy in two of these patients, of which one was after penetrating trauma and the other after blunt trauma. Most of the blunt traumas did not require surgery (8 versus 35, p<0.05). Conclusions In our case studies, in the majority of cases early exploratory intervention in scrotal trauma allows the testicle to be saved in its entirety or at least in part.
Changes in mortality and causes of death in the Swedish Down syndrome population
Authors: Englund Annika , Jonsson Björn , Zander Cecilia Soussi , Gustafsson Jan , Annerén Göran 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDuring the past few decades age at death for individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has increased dramatically. The birth frequency of infants with DS has long been constant in Sweden. Thus, the prevalence of DS in the population is increasing. The aim of the present study was to analyze mortality and causes of death in individuals with DS during the period 1969–2003. All individuals with DS that died between 1969 and 2003 in Sweden, and all individuals born with DS in Sweden between 1974 and 2003 were included. Data were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Swedish Birth Defects Register, and the National Cause of Death Register. Median age at death has increased by 1.8 years per year. The main cause of death was pneumonia. Death from congenital heart defects decreased. Death from atherosclerosis was rare but more frequent than reported previously. Dementia was not reported in any subjects with DS before 40 years of age, but was a main or contributing cause of death in 30% of the older subjects. Except for childhood leukemia, cancer as a cause of death was rare in all age groups. Mortality in DS, particularly infant mortality, has decreased markedly during the past decades. Median age at death is increasing and is now almost 60 years. Death from cancer is rare in DS, but death from dementia is common. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Host cell protein analysis in therapeutic protein bioprocessing – methods and applications
Authors: Tscheliessnig Anne Luise , Konrath Julita , Bates Ron , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe analysis of host cell proteins (HCPs) is one of the most important analytical requirements during bioprocess development of therapeutic moieties. In this review, we focus on the comparison of different methods for the analysis of HCPs and how cell lines, fermentation conditions, and unit operations influence HCP distribution during the process chain. Current guidelines typically require reduction of HCPs to the ppm level, depending on the intended use, the route of administration of the product, and the production system. A range of immunospecific and non‐specific methods are available that have been globally accepted by regulatory bodies. Immunospecific methods, such as ELISA, are simple to use in routine analysis and can quantify low levels of HCPs when specific antibodies are available. Non‐specific methods are more complex; however, they provide a holistic view of the HCP profile and qualitative information of the composition of HCP in the sample. Different methods for the comparison of bioprocessing strategies during scale‐up and purification development are compared herein. The methods include immunospecific methods, such as ELISA, western blot, and threshold, and non‐specific methods, such as 2D‐DIGE and 2D‐HPLC combined with MS.
Synthesis and characterization of novel brush copolymers with biodegradable polyphosphoester side chains for gene delivery
Authors: Hao Ying , He Jinlin , Zhang Mingzu , Tao Yunfeng , Liu Jian , Ni Peihong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA novel kind of pH‐sensitive brush copolymer [poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(ethylethylene phosphate)]‐block‐poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] [(PHEMA‐g‐PEEP)‐b‐PDMAEMA] with biodegradable polyphosphoester as the side chains, and its self‐assembled aggregates were developed for nonviral gene delivery. The brush copolymers were synthesized via a combination of single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization. The chemical structures of these brush copolymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR measurements. The critical aggregation concentration values of (PHEMA‐g‐PEEP)‐b‐PDMAEMA in pH 7.4 buffer solution were determined by the fluorescence probe technique. The interaction of (PHEMA‐g‐PEEP)‐b‐PDMAEMA and DNA was studied by agarose gel retardation assay, and the formed complexes were further investigated by means of zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy measurements. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity and transfection tests indicated that these brush copolymers showed low toxicity and favorable transfection efficiency to HeLa cells. All these results demonstrated that these biocompatible brush copolymers may be a promising candidate as nonviral polymeric gene vector. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
New directions in single polymer dynamics
Authors: Marciel Amanda B. , Schroeder Charles M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSingle polymer techniques are a powerful set of molecular‐level tools that enable the direct observation of polymer chain dynamics under highly non‐equilibrium conditions. In this way, single polymer methods have been used to uncover fundamentally new information regarding the static and dynamic properties of polymeric materials. However, to achieve the full potential of these new methods, single polymer techniques must be further advanced to enable the study of polymers with complex architectures, heterogeneous chemistries, flexible backbones, and intermolecular interactions in entangled solutions, which reaches far beyond the current state‐of‐the‐art. In this article, we explore recent developments in the area of single polymer physics, including single molecule force spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy, and we further highlight exciting new directions in the field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013
A hybrid NFC–Bluetooth secure protocol for Credit Transfer among mobile phones
Authors: Monteiro David M. , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Lloret Jaime , Sendra Sandra 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe next‐generation networks improve people's quality of life with new services and applications. The evolution of Internet technologies also promoted the development of electronic commerce and the evolution of mobile payments. Near field communication (NFC) was proposed as a new short‐range wireless technology and can play an important role in such issues. Money transactions among mobile devices could play an important role in a near future in order to simplify and perform such operations safely. Furthermore, it is important that tasks are easy to perform. Then, this paper presents a mobile solution based on a peer‐to‐peer communication system for money transfer, based on NFC and Bluetooth communications. A hybrid communication protocol combining the security characteristics of NFC and better Bluetooth data transfer rates is proposed. The proposal was deployed in real environments, and it was evaluated, demonstrated, and validated with different NFC tags and the Bluetooth traffic was also analyzed. It was shown that system presents good response times. The solution offers a friendly user's interface and very easy to use, guaranteeing the security of money transfer, and it is ready for use. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative neuronal method for non-analytic pseudo-potentials in a charge-varying dusty plasma with trapped dust grains
Authors: GOUGAM L. AIT , TRIBECHE M. , MEKIDECHE F. , SHUKLA P. K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSolitary waves are investigated in a charge-varying dusty plasma involving dust trapping. A potentially useful neuronal method that may handle a wide variety of non-analytic pseudo-potentials is used. This method could be advantageously exploited in rendering a cumbersome pseudo-potential analytically more tractable. Making use of the approximate Sagdeev pseudo-potential, our results show the possibility of development of localized dust structures in a dusty plasma with variable charge trapped dust grains.
Peculiarities of surface plasmons in quantum plasmas
Authors: TYSHETSKIY YURIY O. , VLADIMIROV S. V. , KOMPANEETS R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSurface plasmons (SP) in a semi-bounded quantum plasma with degenerate electrons (e.g. a metal) are considered, and some interesting consequences of electron Pauli blocking for the SP dispersion and temporal attenuation are discussed. In particular, it is demonstrated that a semi-bounded degenerate plasma with a sharp boundary supportstwotypes of SP with distinct frequencies and qualitatively different temporal attenuation, in contrast to a non-degenerate hot plasma that only supports one type of SP.
Hepatocyte growth factor pathway upregulation in the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma is associated with lytic bone disease
Authors: Kristensen Ida B. , Christensen Jacob H. , Lyng Maria B. , Møller Michael B. , Pedersen Lise , Rasmussen Lars M. , Ditzel Henrik J. , Abildgaard Niels 
Published: February 2013

SummaryLytic bone disease (LBD) in multiple myeloma (MM) is caused by osteoclast hyperactivation and osteoblast inhibition. Based on in vitro studies, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) pathway is thought to be central in osteoblast inhibition. We evaluated the gene expression of the HGF pathway in vivo using bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) of patients with MM and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and healthy volunteers (HV). BMBs (N = 110) obtained at diagnosis were snap‐frozen and used to evaluate gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. LBD was evaluated using standard radiographs. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed on matched bone marrow plasma and immunohistochemistry on matched formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded biopsies. Gene expression of HGF, SDC1, and MET in BMBs were significantly altered in MM versus HV and MGUS, and HGF and MET correlated with the extent of LBD. A significant correlation between gene and protein expression levels was observed for SDC1 (Syndecan‐1) and HGF. The HGF bone marrow plasma level was significantly lower in MM patients with no/limited versus advanced LBD. Our novel approach using snap‐frozen BMBs seems generally applicable because it allows evaluation of gene expression independent of the extent of MM plasma‐cell infiltration. Our study highlights the importance of the HGF pathway in MM LBD.
Peri‐implant soft tissues around implants with a modified neck surface. Part 1. Clinical and histometric outcomes: a pilot study in minipigs
Authors: Liñares Antonio , Domken Olivier , Dard Michel , Blanco Juan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a modified transgingival implant collar surface (acid‐etched structure and hydrophilic properties) comparatively to a machined collar surface on the clinical and soft tissue integration to pure titanium implants (Ti) and titanium implants alloyed with zirconium (TiZr).Material and MethodsTwenty‐seven implants belonging to the following groups (9 of each group): Ti modSLA with machined collar (Ti‐M), Ti modSLA with machined, acid‐etched surface collar (Ti‐modMA) and TiZr modSLA with machined, acid‐etched surface collar (TiZr‐modMA) were placed in the mandible of 6 minipigs. After 8 weeks of healing, clinical measurements were taken and the sample sites were dissected and processed for histological evaluation.ResultsEight weeks after implantation, the mucosa was generally located above the implant shoulder for all implant types. Histomorphometric evaluation revealed that the sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium and the connective tissue contact were similar in the three groups. Adjusted comparisons showed that the first bone‐to‐implant contact was statistically more coronal for the Ti‐modMA in comparison with the machined.ConclusionThe soft tissue dimensions around all implant prototypes were similar and not affected by the implant surface modification.
A Unified Representation of Deep Moist Convection in Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere. Part I
Authors: Arakawa Akio , Wu Chien-Ming 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A generalized framework for cumulus parameterization applicable to any horizontal resolution between those typically used in general circulation and cloud-resolving models is presented. It is pointed out that the key parameter in the generalization is σ, which is the fractional area covered by convective updrafts in the grid cell. Practically all conventional cumulus parameterizations assume σ ≪ 1, at least implicitly, using the gridpoint values of the thermodynamic variables to define the thermal structure of the cloud environment. The proposed framework, called “unified parameterization,” eliminates this assumption from the beginning, allowing a smooth transition to an explicit simulation of cloud-scale processes as the resolution increases. If clouds and the environment are horizontally homogeneous with a top-hat profile, as is widely assumed in the conventional parameterizations, it is shown that the σ dependence of the eddy transport is through a simple quadratic function. Together with a properly chosen closure, the unified parameterization determines σ for each realization of grid-scale processes. The parameterization can also provide a framework for including stochastic parameterization. The remaining issues include parameterization of the in-cloud eddy transport because of the inhomogeneous structure of clouds.