bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WE‐C‐105‐01: Preparing for the ABR Diagnostic Exam
Authors: Becker S , Leng S , Supanich M 
Published: July 2013

Preparing for all three parts of the Diagnostic ABR Physics boards is more than just studying as much material as possible. There will always be material that is missed and gaps in one's knowledge. Therefore it is crucial to understand how the materials relate to each other and to clinical experiences in order to fill those gaps. Each part of the board exam presents its own difficulties: Part I: Determining what material to study, most of which might have been learned a long time ago. Part II: Memorizing how all types of imaging devices work, how their techniques affect images, and the doses delivered by them. Part III: Gaining crucial clinical experiences and being able to explain orally how they are performed and what they mean. All three require different skill sets and preparation, from memorizing vast amounts of material, to rapidly recognizing and solving calculations, to being able to easily and confidently respond to oral questions about all aspects of working in the clinic and why those clinical methods and procedures are performed that way. This symposium is not a comprehensive review of all required study material. Instead it focuses on the previously mentioned problems and required skill sets that are needed for each part of the board exam. Expert Medical Physicists and Medical Faculty will share their experiences and methods to help students best prepare for the challenges of each individual exam along with helping students cope with the anxiety of the exam process.Learning Objectives:1. How to Prepare for Part 1 by determining study material2. How to Prepare for Part 2 by learning to solve clinical calculations rapidly3. How to Prepare for Part 3 by determining critical clinical experiences and learning how to answer questions orally
WE‐C‐137‐01: Professional Liability and Risk Management in Medical Physics Practice
Authors: Sherouse G , Masten J , Jordan D 
Published: July 2013

Medical physicists can be exposed to significant liability risks when performing clinical duties. The nature and extent of such exposure is not always as clear to physicists as it is to physicians. The legal questions involved in resolving a case or claim involving patient harm are complex and are seldom governed according to common sense expectations. Whether a physicist is employed by a hospital or healthcare provider or functions independently as a contractor or consultant, the first line of defense against liability risk is contract negotiation. In this process, the physicist has the opportunity to establish a respectful, collaborative relationship with an employer or client while laying out clear rules and expectations for the handling of any incidents. Much legal, financial, and professional trouble can be avoided by handling this process carefully. This session explores methods and principles for establishing good relationships and contracts. Should a lawsuit occur, it is important to have a basic understanding of civil procedure and the “anatomy” of a professional liability case. This session will review common legal terminology and present examples from seminal cases that are used as the basis of many liability and malpractice cases today. In the event that a physicist is named as a defendant in a lawsuit, he or she should be well‐informed about the expected sequence of events and how they relate to the overall outcome of the case. Professional liability insurance is a useful tool to provide protection to an individual physicist's personal assets and income in the event of a lawsuit, and especially after an adverse legal decision or settlement. The choice of the appropriate amount and type of protection is an individual and complicated decision. Some employers of physicists also provide coverage to their employees, and the nature and extent of this coverage can be challenging to understand fully. This session discusses the common features and aspects of professional liability insurance products to enable the clinical medical physicist to evaluate their own situation and to choose an appropriate product for their needs.Learning Objectives:1. Describe a strategy for medical physicists to minimize liability risk by establishing and negotiating healthy contract relationships with employers or clients.2. Recognize the common elements of civil procedure and explain how they are impacted by typical clinical medical physics activities, such as quality control and recordkeeping.3. Evaluate commercial professional liability insurance offerings in the context of a physicist's personal asset and income protection needs and practice type and setting.
WE‐C‐500‐01: Imaging Needs for Proton Therapy
Authors: Kruse J , Kooy H , Dong L 
Published: July 2013

Proton therapy is a rapidly growing treatment modality. Superficially, proton therapy looks identical to x‐ray therapy ‐ the patient receives a treatment planning CT followed by daily image‐guided treatment sessions. However, the specifics of proton therapy impose unique demands on the imaging procedures at each phase of the treatment. In x‐ray therapy the Hounsfield Units (HU) of the CT are converted to relative electron density for megavoltage x‐ray dose calculations. In proton therapy the pertinent value to be determined from HU is proton stopping power for human tissue, usually different from stopping power in the phantom used for measurement. Accurate determination of stopping power from HU requires a unique calibration process and tight controls on CT imaging technique. A number of approaches have emerged in x‐ray therapy for daily localization of soft tissues — the most popular involving placement of fiducial markers or Cone Beam CT (CBCT). However, dose shadowing downstream of fiducials may disallow them from clinical application for proton therapy. CBCT is not yet used for proton therapy, but for some treatment sites daily localization of the tumor may not guarantee dosimetric coverage as variations in the relative positions of tumor and normal tissues in the beam path perturb the proton dose distribution. Direct proton beam imaging — radiography and tomography — are in development. Nuclear activation of tissues by the proton beam presents a unique quality assurance measure in which imaging of the activation could verify the range of the protons in the patient.Learning Objectives:1. Present the unique demands of the treatment simulation process for proton therapy, including HU to stopping power calibration, technique standardization, and artifact reduction.2. Discuss the proton specific challenges in daily target localization including dose shadowing from fiducials, dose perturbation by anatomical changes, and the need for respiratory correlated IGRT.3. Introduce the possibility of proton beam range verification by direct proton beam imaging and post‐treatment activation imaging.Research grant from Varian Medical Systems
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blaeser Susan B. , Schomer Paul D. 
Published: July 2013

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes catalogs of Acoustical Standards, both National and International. To receive copies of the latest Standards catalogs, please contact Susan B. Blaeser.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National and International Catalogs of Acoustical Standards, and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Mycoplasma bovis-Specific Antibody in Bison Sera
Authors: Register Karen B. , Sacco Randy E. , Olsen Steven C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma bovis
has recently emerged as a significant and costly infectious disease problem in bison. A method for the detection of
M. bovis
-specific serum antibodies is needed in order to establish prevalence and transmission patterns. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) validated for the detection of
M. bovis
-specific serum IgG in cattle are commercially available, but their suitability for bison sera has not been determined. A collection of bison sera, most from animals with a known history of infection or vaccination with
M. bovis
, was tested for
M. bovis
-specific IgG using commercially available kits as well as an in-house ELISA in which either cattle or bison
M. bovis
isolates were used as a source of antigen. Comparison of the results demonstrates that ELISAs optimized for cattle sera may not be optimal for the identification of bison seropositive for
M. bovis
, particularly those with low to moderate antibody levels. The reagent used for the detection of bison IgG and the source of the antigen affect the sensitivity of the assay. Optimal performance was obtained when the capture antigen was derived from bison isolates rather than cattle isolates and when a protein G conjugate rather than an anti-bovine IgG conjugate was used for the detection of bison IgG.
Infection Due to Mycobacterium thermoresistibile: a Case Associated with an Orthopedic Device
Authors: Suy Florence , Carricajo Anne , Grattard Florence , Cazorla Céline , Denis Corinne , Girardin Philippe , Lucht Frédéric , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium thermoresistibile
is a rapidly growing environmental nontuberculous mycobacterium, seldom reported in human infections. Here, we describe a rare case of tibial-nail-related osteomyelitis due to
Mycobacterium thermoresistibile
. We also review the literature about the infections caused by this pathogen.
Predictive Diagnostics for Escherichia coli Infections Based on the Clonal Association of Antimicrobial Resistance and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Tchesnokova Veronika , Billig Mariya , Chattopadhyay Sujay , Linardopoulou Elena , Aprikian Pavel , Roberts Pacita L. , Skrivankova Veronika , Johnston Brian , Gileva Alena , Igusheva Irina , Toland Angus , Riddell Kim , Rogers Peggy , Qin Xuan , Butler-Wu Susan , Cookson Brad T. , Fang Ferric C. , Kahl Barbara , Price Lance B. , Weissman Scott J. , Limaye Ajit , Scholes Delia , Johnson James R. , Sokurenko Evgeni V. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

The ability to identify bacterial pathogens at the subspecies level in clinical diagnostics is currently limited. We investigated whether splitting
Escherichia coli
species into clonal groups (clonotypes) predicts antimicrobial susceptibility or clinical outcome. A total of 1,679 extraintestinal
E. coli
isolates (collected from 2010 to 2012) were collected from one German and 5 U.S. clinical microbiology laboratories. Clonotype identity was determined by
fumC
and
fimH
(CH) sequencing. The associations of clonotype with antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical variables were evaluated. CH typing divided the isolates into >200 CH clonotypes, with 93% of the isolates belonging to clonotypes with ≥2 isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility varied substantially among clonotypes but was consistent across different locations. Clonotype-guided antimicrobial selection significantly reduced “drug-bug” mismatch compared to that which occurs with the use of conventional empirical therapy. With trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, the drug-bug mismatch was predicted to decrease 62% and 78%, respectively. Recurrent or persistent urinary tract infection and clinical sepsis were significantly correlated with specific clonotypes, especially with CH40-30 (also known as H30), a recently described clonotype within sequence type 131 (ST131). We were able to clonotype directly from patient urine samples within 1 to 3 h of obtaining the specimen. In
E. coli
, subspecies-level identification by clonotyping can be used to significantly improve empirical predictions of antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical outcomes in a timely manner.
Residue-Level Prediction of HIV-1 Antibody Epitopes Based on Neutralization of Diverse Viral Strains
Authors: Chuang Gwo-Yu , Acharya Priyamvada , Schmidt Stephen D. , Yang Yongping , Louder Mark K. , Zhou Tongqing , Kwon Young Do , Pancera Marie , Bailer Robert T. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Mascola John R. , Kwong Peter D. , Georgiev Ivelin S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDelineation of antibody epitopes at the residue level is key to understanding antigen resistance mutations, designing epitope-specific probes for antibody isolation, and developing epitope-based vaccines. Ideally, epitope residues are determined in the context of the atomic-level structure of the antibody-antigen complex, though structure determination may in many cases be impractical. Here we describe an efficient computational method to predict antibody-specific HIV-1 envelope (Env) epitopes at the residue level, based on neutralization panels of diverse viral strains. The method primarily utilizes neutralization potency data over a set of diverse viral strains representing the antigen, and enhanced accuracy could be achieved by incorporating information from the unbound structure of the antigen. The method was evaluated on 19 HIV-1 Env antibodies with neutralization panels comprising 181 diverse viral strains and with available antibody-antigen complex structures. Prediction accuracy was shown to improve significantly over random selection, with an average of greater-than-8-fold enrichment of true positives at the 0.05 false-positive rate level. The method was used to prospectively predict epitope residues for two HIV-1 antibodies, 8ANC131 and 8ANC195, for which we experimentally validated the predictions. The method is inherently applicable to antigens that exhibit sequence diversity, and its accuracy was found to correlate inversely with sequence conservation of the epitope. Together the results show how knowledge inherent to a neutralization panel and unbound antigen structure can be utilized for residue-level prediction of antibody epitopes.
Immune Focusing and Enhanced Neutralization Induced by HIV-1 gp140 Chemical Cross-Linking
Authors: Schiffner T. , Kong L. , Duncan C. J. A. , Back J. W. , Benschop J. J. , Shen X. , Huang P. S. , Stewart-Jones G. B. , DeStefano J. , Seaman M. S. , Tomaras G. D. , Montefiori D. C. , Schief W. R. , Sattentau Q. J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Experimental vaccine antigens based upon the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) have failed to induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the majority of circulating viral strains as a result of antibody evasion mechanisms, including amino acid variability and conformational instability. A potential vaccine design strategy is to stabilize Env, thereby focusing antibody responses on constitutively exposed, conserved surfaces, such as the CD4 binding site (CD4bs). Here, we show that a largely trimeric form of soluble Env can be stably cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA) without global modification of antigenicity. Cross-linking largely conserved binding of all potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) tested, including CD4bs-specific VRC01 and HJ16, but reduced binding of several non- or weakly neutralizing antibodies and soluble CD4 (sCD4). Adjuvanted administration of cross-linked or unmodified gp140 to rabbits generated indistinguishable total gp140-specific serum IgG binding titers. However, sera from animals receiving cross-linked gp140 showed significantly increased CD4bs-specific antibody binding compared to animals receiving unmodified gp140. Moreover, peptide mapping of sera from animals receiving cross-linked gp140 revealed increased binding to gp120 C1 and V1V2 regions. Finally, neutralization titers were significantly elevated in sera from animals receiving cross-linked gp140 rather than unmodified gp140. We conclude that cross-linking favors antigen stability, imparts antigenic modifications that selectively refocus antibody specificity and improves induction of NAbs, and might be a useful strategy for future vaccine design.
Heavy Chain-Only IgG2b Llama Antibody Effects Near-Pan HIV-1 Neutralization by Recognizing a CD4-Induced Epitope That Includes Elements of Coreceptor- and CD4-Binding Sites
Authors: Acharya Priyamvada , Luongo Timothy S. , Georgiev Ivelin S. , Matz Julie , Schmidt Stephen D. , Louder Mark K. , Kessler Pascal , Yang Yongping , McKee Krisha , O'Dell Sijy , Chen Lei , Baty Daniel , Chames Patrick , Martin Loïc , Mascola John R. , Kwong Peter D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The conserved HIV-1 site of coreceptor binding is protected from antibody-directed neutralization by conformational and steric restrictions. While inaccessible to most human antibodies, the coreceptor site has been shown to be accessed by antibody fragments. In this study, we used X-ray crystallography, surface plasmon resonance, and pseudovirus neutralization to characterize the gp120-envelope glycoprotein recognition and HIV-1 neutralization of a heavy chain-only llama antibody, named JM4. We describe full-length IgG2b and IgG3 versions of JM4 that target the coreceptor-binding site and potently neutralize over 95% of circulating HIV-1 isolates. Contrary to established trends that show improved access to the coreceptor-binding region by smaller antibody fragments, the single-domain (VHH) version of JM4 neutralized less well than the full-length IgG2b version of JM4. The crystal structure at 2.1-Å resolution of VHH JM4 bound to HIV-1 YU2 gp120 stabilized in the CD4-bound state by the CD4-mimetic miniprotein, M48U1, revealed a JM4 epitope that combined regions of coreceptor recognition (including the gp120 bridging sheet, V3 loop, and β19 strand) with gp120 structural elements involved in recognition of CD4 such as the CD4-binding loop. The structure of JM4 with gp120 thus defines a novel CD4-induced site of vulnerability involving elements of both coreceptor- and CD4-binding sites. The potently neutralizing JM4 IgG2b antibody that targets this newly defined site of vulnerability adds to the expanding repertoire of broadly neutralizing antibodies that effectively neutralize HIV-1 and thereby potentially provides a new template for vaccine development and target for HIV-1 therapy.
Protocol for a prospective multicentre cohort study to develop and validate two new outcome measures for patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Alrubaiy L , Hutchings H A , Williams J G 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionMost of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were designed to be used in outpatient settings and are therefore not suitable for use in acute inpatient settings. None of the currently used clinical severity indices for patients with IBD have been properly validated. The aim of this study was to describe the development of a new HRQoL questionnaire and a clinical severity index for patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease that were short, valid and suitable at any stage of their disease. The new HRQoL and disease severity index will be easily used at the point of care, and invaluable monitoring tools for clinical care, audit and research.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective multisite validation study of two new outcome measures, the Crohn's and Colitis quality of life (CCQ) questionnaire and the Clinical IBD severity score (CISS). We plan to recruit patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The questionnaire items will be selected through extensive literature review and a focus group involving patients, methodologists, statisticians and IBD specialists. The CCQ questionnaire will be completed by patients attending IBD clinics, having endoscopy procedures or when admitted to hospital. CISS will be completed by clinicians while assessing patients with IBD. Psychometric analysis will be carried out to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaires and to determine the potential to produce shorter versions of CISS and CCQ. The construct validity of CCQ will be tested against short form-12 and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions. The construct validity of CISS will be tested against biochemical markers, clinical and endoscopic indices to assess severity.EthicsThis study was approved by the South East Wales Research Ethics Committee (Ref 11/WA/0239).
Non-saccular vertebrobasilar aneurysms and dolichoectasia: a systematic literature review
Authors: Shapiro Maksim , Becske Tibor , Riina Howard A , Raz Eytan , Zumofen Daniel , Nelson Peter K 
Published: July 2013

Background and objectiveTreatment of non-saccular vertebrobasilar aneurysms remains highly challenging despite significant recent advances in endovascular techniques. Establishing the natural history of this heterogeneous disease, as best as currently available data allows, is crucial to help guide counseling and management.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted to identify publications describing the presentation and natural history of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia and non-saccular aneurysms.ResultsNine studies of 440 patients met the analysis inclusion criteria. The majority of patients presented with ischemia, mass effect, or incidentally; hemorrhage was uncommon and overlapped with the population of vertebrobasilar dissection. Overall mortality was ∼40% after 7 years of follow-up, with 43% of these deaths resulting from non-neurologic causes. Neurologic course was dominated by ischemic stroke rather than hemorrhage. Mass effect prognosis was especially poor, with 40% mortality after ∼4 years. Incidentally discovered lesions which remain morphologically stable have a favorable long term course.ConclusionsInitial clinical presentation is a strong predictor of subsequent disease course. Although overall prognosis is poor, nearly half of all deaths resulted from non-neurologic causes, underscoring the importance of comprehensive medical management. Aneurysms characterized by expansion, established mass effect, or hemorrhage have a poor natural history, and may be considered for invasive treatment, which is increasingly endovascular in nature. Lesions presenting with ischemia or incidentally are likely best addressed with aggressive neurologic and overall medical management.
Is it ok 2 txt? Reaching out to adolescents about sexual and reproductive health
Authors: Malbon Katherine , Romo Dina 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
As the number of adolescents in the population is growing, it is even more important that healthcare practitioners are provided with the tools and resources that can best educate and connect with those patients at risk in this population, particularly with regard to sexual health behaviours. Notoriously, adolescents are difficult to engage in their own healthcare. However, with the advancement of technology and the ubiquitous use of cell phones, emerging studies suggest that there may be benefits to using text messaging within the adolescent health arena to encourage engagement, compliance and improve health knowledge. The use of text messaging has been implemented within adolescent healthcare in multiple ways but studies are needed to evaluate the content of messages, dosage and efficacy of text messaging in improving health outcomes in this population.