bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelfth Century Literal Bible Commentaries: Comparing Jewish and Christian
Authors: Schoenfeld Devorah 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the twelfth century, both Jewish and Christian Bible commentators began to emphasize literal, or historical, or contextual, approaches to interpreting scripture. These commentators wrote predominantly line‐by‐line commentaries that focused the reader's attention on linguistic questions in the biblical text. There was also a renewed interest in seeing the Bible in its own terms rather than exclusively through the lens of earlier midrashic or patristic commentaries, although those continued to play an important role. These developments happened at the same time for both Christian and Jewish scholars, who were often in conversation with each other about how to interpret the Bible.
Resisting Totalitarianism: The Moot and a New Christendom
Authors: Kurlberg Jonas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article serves as an introduction to an informal fellowship of Christian intellectuals who set their sights on saving civilisation through a neo‐Thomist Christian revolution in the late 1930s and 1940s. As Britain faced the threat of the totalitarian regimes on the continent, the Moot gathered to construct its programme of a ‘New Christendom’ that would counter totalitarianism and bring renewal to a decadent modern society. Although the Moot members never came to sufficient agreement to mount any significant corporate action, it makes for an interesting case study on political, social and religious thought within the British intellectual elite of the time. The impressive surviving archival material has primarily caught the attention of scholars with an interest in the more renowned Moot members, such as T. S. Eliot, Karl Mannheim, Michael Polanyi and J. H. Oldham. While providing an overview of this literature, this article will suggest that the Moot warrants further research as a case study in Christian resistance to totalitarianism.
Long‐term Effects of Dieting: Is Weight Loss Related to Health?
Authors: Tomiyama A. Janet , Ahlstrom Britt , Mann Traci 
Published: December 2013

Abstract“Success” in dieting interventions has traditionally been defined as weight loss. It is implicit in this definition that losing weight will lead to improved health, and yet, health outcomes are not routinely included in studies of diets. In this article, we evaluate whether weight loss improves health by reviewing health outcomes of long‐term randomized controlled diet studies. We examine whether weight‐loss diets lead to improved cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose and test whether the amount of weight lost is predictive of these health outcomes. Across all studies, there were minimal improvements in these health outcomes, and none of these correlated with weight change. A few positive effects emerged, however, for hypertension and diabetes medication use and diabetes and stroke incidence. We conclude by discussing factors that potentially confound the relationship between weight loss and health outcomes, such as increased exercise, healthier eating, and engagement with the health care system, and we provide suggestions for future research.
Unstimulated leukapheresis in patients and donors: comparison of two apheresis systems
Authors: Schulz Miriam , Bialleck Heike , Thorausch Kristin , Bug Gesine , Dünzinger Ulrich , Seifried Erhard , Bönig Halvard 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundUnstimulated mononuclear cell (MNC) apheresis plays a role in the generation of donor lymphocytes (DLIs; healthy donors) and in extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP; patients). The new apheresis system Spectra Optia MNC has been shown in small studies to be capable of performing the desired cell collections, but larger data sets from real‐life clinical apheresis procedures are lacking.Study Design and MethodsPresented are comparative data from DLI collections randomly performed with either the new technology or a clinical standard technology, COBE Spectra MNC, as well as data from patients with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease undergoing MNC collections alternating between the two apheresis systems to generate products for ECP. Target cell yield and collection efficiency, product volume, nontarget cell contamination, platelet (PLT) attrition, and some process variables such as process volume and time were analyzed.ResultsFor most relevant apheresis outcomes, differences between the devices were at best marginal. Spectra Optia MNC collections in patients, but not in donors, took 10% longer to achieve the target process volume. Not unexpectedly, given previous observations for granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor–stimulated leukapheresis, the novel device collected smaller products with less red blood cell contamination. PLT attrition with Spectra Optia MNC was markedly lower in donors. ECP apheresis outcome variability was, to a significant degree, donor dependent, irrespective of the device used.ConclusionBased on more than 200 unstimulated apheresis procedures, we conclude that both apheresis systems are safe, robust, and equally suitable for unstimulated MNC collections. Both can be successfully run with manufacturer‐recommended settings and algorithms.
Foreign Direct Investment and Total Factor Productivity Growth: New Macro‐Evidence
Authors: Baltabaev Botirjan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in facilitating technology transfer is well known in the literature, empirical evidence regarding the effect of FDI on growth is mixed. The contradictory results in the literature may be due to the failure to account for endogeneity and for the abortive capacity of the hosting countries. Using panel data for 49 countries over the period 1974–2008 and the existence of Investment Promotion Agencies in the receiving countries as an instrument, our results show that increased FDI stock leads to higher productivity growth. We also find a significant positive effect on the interaction between FDI stock and distance to the technological frontier, suggesting that the ability of technologically backward countries in absorbing technologies developed at the frontiers increases as more FDI stock is accumulated.
-tilting theory
Authors: Adachi Takahide , Iyama Osamu , Reiten Idun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce $\tau $-tilting theory, which ‘completes’ (classical) tilting theory from the viewpoint of mutation. It is well known in tilting theory that an almost complete tilting module for any finite-dimensional algebra over a field $k$ is a direct summand of exactly one or two tilting modules. An important property in cluster-tilting theory is that an almost complete cluster-tilting object in a 2-CY triangulated category is a direct summand of exactly two cluster-tilting objects. Reformulated for path algebras $kQ$, this says that an almost complete support tilting module has exactly two complements. We generalize (support) tilting modules to what we call (support) $\tau $-tilting modules, and show that an almost complete support $\tau $-tilting module has exactly two complements for any finite-dimensional algebra. For a finite-dimensional $k$-algebra $\Lambda $, we establish bijections between functorially finite torsion classes in $ \mathsf{mod} \hspace{0.167em} \Lambda $, support $\tau $-tilting modules and two-term silting complexes in ${ \mathsf{K} }^{\mathrm{b} } ( \mathsf{proj} \hspace{0.167em} \Lambda )$. Moreover, these objects correspond bijectively to cluster-tilting objects in $ \mathcal{C} $ if $\Lambda $ is a 2-CY tilted algebra associated with a 2-CY triangulated category $ \mathcal{C} $. As an application, we show that the property of having two complements holds also for two-term silting complexes in ${ \mathsf{K} }^{\mathrm{b} } ( \mathsf{proj} \hspace{0.167em} \Lambda )$.
Role of Orai1 and store‐operated calcium entry in mouse lacrimal gland signalling and function
Authors: Xing Juan , Petranka John G. , Davis Felicity M. , Desai Pooja N. , Putney James W. , Bird Gary S. 
Published: December 2013

Key points
Lacrimal acinar cells from mice whose gene for Orai1 has been deleted have no detectable store‐operated Ca2+ entry, whether assessed by measurement of cytoplasmic Ca2+ changes or as a store‐operated current.
Mice lacking Orai1 have diminished lacrimal fluid secretion in response to muscarinic–cholinergic stimulation.
Mice lacking Orai1 also show diminished exocytosis, both in vivo and in vitro.
The development and morphology of lacrimal glands, as well as responses not dependent on Ca2+ entry were unchanged in the knockout mice.
The results demonstrate the central importance of store‐operated Ca2+ entry in lacrimal exocrine function, and suggest possible strategies for combating diseases associated with diminished lacrimal secretion.
AbstractLacrimal glands function to produce an aqueous layer, or tear film, that helps to nourish and protect the ocular surface. Lacrimal glands secrete proteins, electrolytes and water, and loss of gland function can result in tear film disorders such as dry eye syndrome, a widely encountered and debilitating disease in ageing populations. To combat these disorders, understanding the underlying molecular signalling processes that control lacrimal gland function will give insight into corrective therapeutic approaches. Previously, in single lacrimal cells isolated from lacrimal glands, we demonstrated that muscarinic receptor activation stimulates a phospholipase C‐coupled signalling cascade involving the inositol trisphosphate‐dependent mobilization of intracellular calcium and the subsequent activation of store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE). Since intracellular calcium stores are finite and readily exhausted, the SOCE pathway is a critical process for sustaining and maintaining receptor‐activated signalling. Recent studies have identified the Orai family proteins as critical components of the SOCE channel activity in a wide variety of cell types. In this study we characterize the role of Orai1 in the function of lacrimal glands using a mouse model in which the gene for the calcium entry channel protein, Orai1, has been deleted. Our data demonstrate that lacrimal acinar cells lacking Orai1 do not exhibit SOCE following activation of the muscarinic receptor. In comparison with wild‐type and heterozygous littermates, Orai1 knockout mice showed a significant reduction in the stimulated tear production following injection of pilocarpine, a muscarinic receptor agonist. In addition, calcium‐dependent, but not calcium‐independent exocytotic secretion of peroxidase was eliminated in glands from knockout mice. These studies indicate a critical role for Orai1‐mediated SOCE in lacrimal gland signalling and function.
A New Partial Slip Boundary Condition for the Lattice-Boltzmann Method
Authors: Uth Marc-Florian , Crüger Alf , Herwig Heinz 
Published: December 2013

In micro or nano flows a slip boundary condition is often needed to account for the special flow situation that occurs at this level of refinement. A common model used in the Finite Volume Method (FVM) is the Navier-Slip model which is based on the velocity gradient at the wall. It can be implemented very easily for a Navier-Stokes (NS) Solver.
Instead of directly solving the Navier-Stokes equations, the Lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) models the fluid on a particle basis. It models the streaming and interaction of particles statistically. The pressure and the velocity can be calculated at every time step from the current particle distribution functions. The resulting fields are solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. Boundary conditions in LBM always not only have to define values for the macroscopic variables but also for the particle distribution function. Therefore a slip model cannot be implemented in the same way as in a FVM-NS solver. An additional problem is the structure of the grid. Curved boundaries or boundaries that are non-parallel to the grid have to be approximated by a stair-like step profile. While this is no problem for no-slip boundaries, any other velocity boundary condition such as a slip condition is difficult to implement.
In this paper we will present two different implementations of slip boundary conditions for the Lattice-Boltzmann approach. One will be an implementation that takes advantage of the microscopic nature of the method as it works on a particle basis. The other one is based on the Navier-Slip model. We will compare their applicability for different amounts of slip and different shapes of walls relative to the numerical grid. We will also show what limits the slip rate and give an outlook of how this can be avoided.
Individual DNA Base Identification at the Transport Through Graphene Nanopore
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuya , Zolotoukhina Tatiana 
Published: December 2013

Use of solid film nanopore in which DNA is threaded through for efficient DNA sequencing devices has various practical issues concerned with nucleobase motion that should be controlled. Translocation rate and different orientation of nucleobases, stochastic motion of single-strand DNA through a nanopore introduce definite amount of noise into the signal defining interaction of nucleobase and nanopore. We propose to consider the single layer graphene nanopore as a two-way interaction scanning device.
The interaction forces between pore and base are structure dependent, even within orientation and noise average over a base, and can be evaluated. The appropriate translocation rate of the base molecule provide a time-dependent function of interaction change inside of interaction interval of each individual base with graphene nanopore. In such case transient characteristics of the individual bases can be used for identification of the bases. The forces between bases and graphene nanopore of 1.5nm diameter are calculated as interaction characteristics of bases. Molecular dynamics method is used for the DNA base and graphene nanopore calculations with the MM2/MM3 potentials for the base and REBO graphene potential. Interaction potential between the bases and graphene are of the MM2/MM3 type although the possibility of the Van der Waals interaction only can also be considered. The noise of the force signal due to orientation of the bases in the pore is evaluated and base-dependent interaction recognition is considered relative to the magnitude of the AFM signal in the non-contact mode. The time-dependent in-plane for graphene transient force signal resolution for different bases is probed. Possibility of base identification by combination of transient in-plane force taken as orientation averaged signal is studied. Obtained results can simultaneously give additional information for the electronic transport calculations with possible transient base orientations relative to the edge of pore in graphene.
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of Integrative Conjugative Element Tn
5253
of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Iannelli Francesco , Santoro Francesco , Oggioni Marco R. , Pozzi Gianni 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Conjugative transposon Tn
5253
, an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
carrying the
cat
and
tet
(M) genes, was shown to be 64,528 bp in size and to contain 79 open reading frames, of which only 38 could be annotated. Two distinct genetic elements were found integrated into Tn
5253
: Tn
5251
(18,033 bp), of the Tn
916
-Tn
1545
family of ICEs, and Ω
cat
(pC194) (7,627 bp), which could not conjugate but was capable of intracellular mobility by excision, circularization, and integration by homologous recombination. The highest conjugation frequency of Tn
5253
was observed when
Streptococcus pyogenes
was the donor (6.7 × 10
−3
transconjugants/donor).
Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli as Intestinal Colonizers in the German Community
Authors: Valenza Giuseppe , Nickel Silke , Pfeifer Yvonne , Eller Christoph , Krupa Elzbieta , Lehner-Reindl Verena , Höller Christiane 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

We determined the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
among 3,344 study participants from the German community. Intestinal colonization was detected in 211 persons (6.3%), without significant differences among the different age groups. The majority (95.2%) of isolates harbored CTX-M-type ESBL, with CTX-M-15 (46%) and CTX-M-1 (24.2%) as the most common types. The finding of ESBL producers and one isolate additionally producing carbapenemase OXA-244 indicates a risk of dissemination of resistant bacteria outside the hospitals.
An NF-κB-Based High-Throughput Screen Identifies Piericidins as Inhibitors of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type III Secretion System
Authors: Duncan Miles C. , Wong Weng Ruh , Dupzyk Allison J. , Bray Walter M. , Linington Roger G. , Auerbuch Victoria 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a bacterial appendage used by dozens of Gram-negative pathogens to subvert host defenses and cause disease, making it an ideal target for pathogen-specific antimicrobials. Here, we report the discovery and initial characterization of two related natural products with T3SS-inhibitory activity that were derived from a marine actinobacterium. Bacterial extracts containing piericidin A1 and the piericidin derivative Mer-A 2026B inhibited
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
from triggering T3SS-dependent activation of the host transcription factor NF-κB in HEK293T cells but were not toxic to mammalian cells. As the
Yersinia
T3SS must be functional in order to trigger NF-κB activation, these data indicate that piericidin A1 and Mer-A 2026B block T3SS function. Consistent with this, purified piericidin A1 and Mer-A 2026B dose-dependently inhibited translocation of the
Y. pseudotuberculosis
T3SS effector protein YopM inside CHO cells. In contrast, neither compound perturbed bacterial growth
in vitro
, indicating that piericidin A1 and Mer-A 2026B do not function as general antibiotics in
Yersinia
. In addition, when
Yersinia
was incubated under T3SS-inducing culture conditions in the absence of host cells, Mer-A 2026B and piericidin A1 inhibited secretion of T3SS cargo as effectively as or better than several previously described T3SS inhibitors, such as MBX-1641 and aurodox. This suggests that Mer-A 2026B and piericidin A1 do not block type III secretion by blocking the bacterium-host cell interaction, but rather inhibit an earlier stage, such as T3SS needle assembly. In summary, the marine-derived natural products Mer-A 2026B and piericidin A1 possess previously uncharacterized activity against the bacterial T3SS.
Development and Bias Assessment of a Method for Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing of Marine Cyanobacteria
Authors: Batmalle Cécilia S. , Chiang Hsin-I , Zhang Kun , Lomas Michael W. , Martiny Adam C. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in oligotrophic waters and responsible for a significant percentage of the earth's primary production. Here we developed a method for metagenomic sequencing of sorted
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
populations using a transposon-based library preparation technique. First, we observed that the cell lysis technique and associated amount of input DNA had an important role in determining the DNA library quality. Second, we found that our transposon-based method provided a more even coverage distribution and matched more sequences of a reference genome than multiple displacement amplification, a commonly used method for metagenomic sequencing. We then demonstrated the method on
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
field populations from the Sargasso Sea and California Current isolated by flow cytometric sorting and found clear environmentally related differences in ecotype distributions and gene abundances. In addition, we saw a significant correspondence between metagenomic libraries sequenced with our technique and regular sequencing of bulk DNA. Our results show that this targeted method is a viable replacement for regular metagenomic approaches and will be useful for identifying the biogeography and genome content of specific marine cyanobacterial populations.
Microbial Enterotypes, Inferred by the Prevotella-to-Bacteroides Ratio, Remained Stable during a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Diet Intervention with the New Nordic Diet
Authors: Roager Henrik M. , Licht Tine R. , Poulsen Sanne K. , Larsen Thomas M. , Bahl Martin I. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been suggested that the human gut microbiota can be divided into enterotypes based on the abundance of specific bacterial groups; however, the biological significance and stability of these enterotypes remain unresolved. Here, we demonstrated that subjects (n= 62) 18 to 65 years old with central obesity and components of metabolic syndrome could be grouped into two discrete groups simply by their relative abundance ofPrevotellaspp. divided byBacteroidesspp. (P/Bratio) obtained by quantitative PCR analysis. Furthermore, we showed that these groups remained stable during a 6-month, controlled dietary intervention, where the effect of consuming a diet in accord with the new Nordic diet (NND) recommendations as opposed to consuming the average Danish diet (ADD) on the gut microbiota was investigated. In this study, subjects (with and without stratification according toP/Bratio) did not reveal significant changes in 35 selected bacterial taxa quantified by quantitative PCR (ADD compared to NND) resulting from the dietary interventions. However, we found higher total plasma cholesterol within the high-P/Bgroup than in the low-P/Bgroup after the intervention. We propose that stratification of humans based simply on theirP/Bratio could allow better assessment of possible effects of interventions on the gut microbiota and physiological biomarkers.
Type II Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Is Essential for Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Development in the Midgut of Anopheles Mosquitoes
Authors: van Schaijk Ben C. L. , Kumar T. R. Santha , Vos Martijn W. , Richman Adam , van Gemert Geert-Jan , Li Tao , Eappen Abraham G. , Williamson Kim C. , Morahan Belinda J. , Fishbaugher Matt , Kennedy Mark , Camargo Nelly , Khan Shahid M. , Janse Chris J. , Sim Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Kappe Stefan H. I. , Sauerwein Robert W. , Fidock David A. , Vaughan Ashley M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

The prodigious rate at which malaria parasites proliferate during asexual blood-stage replication, midgut sporozoite production, and intrahepatic development creates a substantial requirement for essential nutrients, including fatty acids that likely are necessary for parasite membrane formation.
Plasmodium
parasites obtain fatty acids either by scavenging from the vertebrate host and mosquito vector or by producing fatty acids
de novo
via the type two fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (FAS-II). Here, we study the FAS-II pathway in
Plasmodium falciparum
, the species responsible for the most lethal form of human malaria. Using antibodies, we find that the FAS-II enzyme FabI is expressed in mosquito midgut oocysts and sporozoites as well as liver-stage parasites but not during the blood stages. As expected, FabI colocalizes with the apicoplast-targeted acyl carrier protein, indicating that FabI functions in the apicoplast. We further analyze the FAS-II pathway in
Plasmodium falciparum
by assessing the functional consequences of deleting
fabI
and
fabB/F
. Targeted deletion or disruption of these genes in
P. falciparum
did not affect asexual blood-stage replication or the generation of midgut oocysts; however, subsequent sporozoite development was abolished. We conclude that the
P. falciparum
FAS-II pathway is essential for sporozoite development within the midgut oocyst. These findings reveal an important distinction from the rodent
Plasmodium
parasites
P. berghei
and
P. yoelii
, where the FAS-II pathway is known to be required for normal parasite progression through the liver stage but is not required for oocyst development in the
Anopheles
mosquito midgut.