bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and complication rates of tooth‐ and implant‐supported restorations after an observation period up to 36 years
Authors: Bischof Frank M. , Mathey Ayse A. , Stähli Alexandra , Salvi Giovanni E. , Brägger Urs 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTooth‐ and implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses are well‐documented and aesthetic treatment alternatives, and after a comprehensive periodontal treatment, a protocol with a good long‐term prognosis if the maintenance program is strictly followed.AimTo reexamine a pre‐existing patient cohort in order to obtain estimated long‐term survival and complication outcomes of fixed dental prostheses.Materials and MethodsFor this study, patients treated with fixed dental prostheses between 1978 and 2002 were reexamined between 2019 and 2020. The restorations were divided in single crowns and fixed dental prostheses supported by teeth (TSC, FPTDP) and implants (ISC, FPIDP). Survival and complication rates were obtained. Kaplan–Meier functions were used to model complication probabilities, and average hazard ratios of different strata were compared using weighted Cox regression.ResultsThe mean observation time of 40 patients and 223 reconstructions was 20.3 (±9.7, 1.2–36.2) years. The estimated survival rates were 84% (CI: 77%–92%) for TSC, 63% (CI: 51%–79%) for FPTDP, 87% (CI: 71%–100%) for ISC, and 64% (CI: 34%–100%) for FPIDP after 25 years. Biological complications included carious lesions (10.6%), periodontitis (7.9%), and peri‐implantitis (6.8%). Technical complications included chipping (20.2%) and loss of retention (10.8%).ConclusionBiological complications lead to abutment loss in more than two‐thirds of cases, regardless of the type of abutment (tooth or implant). Technical complications are less associated with abutment loss than biological complications.
Association of Patient and Tumor Characteristics With Outcomes in Young Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Hsieh Ronan W. , Gooding William E. , Nilsen Marci , Kubik Mark , Kelly Zahra , Sridharan Shaum , Skinner Heath , Iheagwara Uzoma , Zevallos Jose P. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Kim Seungwon , Ferris Robert L. , Zandberg Dan P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe retrospectively studied young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to identify factors associated with disease‐specific survival (DSS).MethodsPatient and tumor characteristics of patients aged ≤45 who received treatments for non‐metastatic HNSCC were collected to identify factors associated with DSS. Proportional hazards regression was applied separately for surgical and non‐surgical patients.Results230 patients were included. Surgical and non‐surgical patients had similar DSS. Higher pathologic stages, positive margins, perineural invasion (PNI), extranodal extension and negative HPV status were associated with worse DSS for surgical patients and negative HPV status for non‐surgical patients. In the multivariate analysis, pathologic stages, positive margins, and PNI were associated with worse DSS in surgical patients.ConclusionPathologic stages, positive margins, and PNI are independently associated with worse DSS in young surgical HNSCC patients. PNI is a uniquely strong prognostic factor for young patients.
Implementing a pragmatic clinical trial to tailor opioids for chronic pain on behalf of the IGNITE ADOPT PGx investigators
Authors: Skaar Todd C. , Myers Rachel A. , Fillingim Roger B. , Callaghan John T. , Cicali Emily , Eadon Michael T. , Elwood Erica N. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Lynch Sheryl , Nguyen Khoa A. , Obeng Aniwaa Owusu , Park Haesuk , Pratt Victoria M. , Rosenman Marc , Sadeghpour Azita , Shuman Saskia , Singh Rajbir , Tillman Emma M. , Volpi Simona , Wiisanen Kristin , Winterstein Almut G. , Horowitz Carol R. , Voora Deepak , Orlando Lori , Chakraborty Hrishikesh , Van Driest Sara , Peterson Josh F. , Cavallari Larisa A. , Johnson Julie A. , Dexter Paul R. ,   the IGNITE Pragmatic Trials Network
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic pain is a prevalent condition with enormous economic burden. Opioids such as tramadol, codeine, and hydrocodone are commonly used to treat chronic pain; these drugs are activated to more potent opioid receptor agonists by the hepatic CYP2D6 enzyme. Results from clinical studies and mechanistic understandings suggest that CYP2D6‐guided therapy will improve pain control and reduce adverse drug events. However, CYP2D6 is rarely used in clinical practice due in part to the demand for additional clinical trial evidence. Thus, we designed the ADOPT‐PGx (A Depression and Opioid Pragmatic Trial in Pharmacogenetics) chronic pain study, a multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial, to assess the effect of CYP2D6 testing on pain management. The study enrolled 1048 participants who are taking or being considered for treatment with CYP2D6‐impacted opioids for their chronic pain. Participants were randomized to receive immediate or delayed (by 6 months) genotyping of CYP2D6 with clinical decision support (CDS). CDS encouraged the providers to follow the CYP2D6‐guided trial recommendations. The primary study outcome is the 3‐month absolute change in the composite pain intensity score assessed using Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures. Follow‐up will be completed in July 2024. Herein, we describe the design of this trial along with challenges encountered during enrollment.
Healthcare utilisation and associated costs for methadone versus buprenorphine recipients: Examination of interlinked primary and secondary care electronic health records in England
Authors: Domzaridou Eleni , Allen Thomas , Carr Matthew J. , Millar Tim , Webb Roger T. , Ashcroft Darren M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionMore evidence for patterns of healthcare utilisation and associated costs among people receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is needed. We investigated primary and secondary healthcare usage and costs among methadone and buprenorphine recipients in England.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum databases of patients who were prescribed OAT between 1 January 2007 and 31 July 2019. The cohort was linked to Hospital Episode Statistics admitted patient care, outpatient and emergency department data, neighbourhood‐ and practice‐level Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles and mortality records. Negative binomial regression models were applied to estimate weighted rate ratios (wRR) of healthcare utilisation. Total and mean costs were calculated using Unit Costs of Health and Social Care and the National Healthcare Service Payment by Results National Tariffs.ResultsAmong 12,639 patients observed over 39,016 person‐years, we found higher rate of hospital admissions (wRR 1.18; 1.08–1.28) among methadone compared with buprenorphine recipients. The commonest hospital discharge diagnoses among methadone patients were infectious diseases (19.2%), mental and behavioural disorders (17.0%) and drug‐related poisoning (16.5%); the three commonest among buprenorphine patients were mental and behavioural diseases (21.5%), endocrine (13.8%) and genitourinary system diseases (13.1%). Methadone patients had similar mean costs compared with buprenorphine patients (cost difference: £539.01; 432.11–1006.69).Discussion and ConclusionsDifferences in healthcare utilisation frequency for methadone versus buprenorphine recipients were observed. The differences in associated costs were mainly driven by hospital admissions. These findings offer valuable insights for optimising care strategies and resource allocation for OAT recipients.
Impact of bridging thrombolysis versus endovascular thrombectomy alone on outcomes in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Alobaida Muath , Harrison Stephanie L. , Lane Deirdre A. , Rowe Fiona , Austin Philip , Abdul‐Rahim Azmil H. , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe impact of bridging thrombolysis prior to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) compared to EVT alone on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), and death in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is not well defined.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using data from a federated research network (TriNetX) including 114 health care organisations in the United States. Anticoagulated AF patients with AIS who received either bridging thrombolysis (BT) or EVT alone from September 2018 to November 2023 were included. Following propensity score matching, Cox regression analyses examined the risk of ICH, SAH, and death within 30 and 90 days, comparing anticoagulated AF patients receiving BT versus EVT only.ResultsA total of 3156 patients with AIS were treated with BT or EVT alone. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, the cohort included 766 patients in each group. ICH occurred within 30 and 90 days in 6.9% and 8.0% in the BT group compared with 7.4% and 7.7% in the EVT‐only group (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63–1.33 and HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.71–1.45, respectively). SAH occurred within 30 and 90 days in 4.2% and 4.4% of patients in the BT compared to 3.0% and 3.4% in the EVT‐only group (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.81–2.38 and HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.77–2.14, respectively). Death occurred within 30 and 90 days in 17.8% and 19.8% of patients in the BT compared to 22.2% and 27.3% in the EVT‐only group (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62–0.97 and HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.56–0.86, respectively).ConclusionsIn anticoagulated AF patients with AIS, BT was associated with a significantly lower risk of death, with no difference in ICH or SAH risk within 30 and 90 days compared to EVT only.
Presidential Address and record of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) AGM 2024
Authors: Clifford Nigel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn his final address as President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), Nigel Clifford reflected on the work of the Society in advancing geographical knowledge and engaging with a strong network of like‐minded organisations in industry, education, government, and the professional sphere. He ended by looking forward to future generations of geographers and how they might be prepared and supported to tackle the planetary problems we face today.
Open strategy and digital transformation: A framework and future research agenda
Authors: Ortner Thomas , Hautz Julia , Stadler Christian , Matzler Kurt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital technologies increasingly facilitate more transparent information exchange and the inclusion of new and more actors in organizational processes. This resulting ‘openness’ has been studied in multiple domains, including open strategy. Since increased transparency and inclusion are the main dimensions of open strategy, it seems reasonable to assume a theoretical linkage between digital transformation and openness in the strategy process. So far, however, we lack a nuanced understanding about their overlaps and the nature of their interrelationships. In this review, we therefore explore how digital transformation and open strategy interrelate and influence each other and what conditions support or constrain the identified relationships. To do so, we systematically review and synthesize research on open strategy considering the role of digital transformation. We make two contributions: First, we develop a framework mapping out the relationships between digital transformation and open strategy. Our framework shows how open strategy and digital transformation are situated in a dynamic circle of mutual influence. Second, we adopt a strategy‐as‐practice perspective and identify and discuss the roles of agency, power, temporality and materiality. These features can either further support or hamper the identified linkages. Finally, we identify trajectories for future research.
Altered epitopes enhance macrophage‐mediated anti‐tumour immunity to low‐immunogenic tumour mutations
Authors: Yu Qiumin , Zhang Tingran , He Tiandi , Yang Yifan , Zhang Wanli , Kang Yanliang , Wu Zijie , Xie Wenbin , Zheng Jiaxue , Qian Qianqian , Li Guozhi , Zhang Di , Mao Qiuli , Gao Zheng , Wang Xiaoning , Shi Xupeiyao , Huang Shitong , Guo Hanlin , Zhang Haoyu , Chen Lingxiao , Li Ximing , Deng Danni , Zhang Li , Tong Yue , Yao Wenbing , Gao Xiangdong , Tian Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPersonalized neoantigen therapy has shown long‐term and stable efficacy in specific patient populations. However, not all patients have sufficient levels of neoantigens for treatment. Although somatic mutations are commonly found in tumours, a significant portion of these mutations do not trigger an immune response. Patients with low mutation burdens continue to exhibit unresponsiveness to this treatment. We propose a design paradigm for neoantigen vaccines by utilizing the highly immunogenic unnatural amino acid p‐nitrophenylalanine (pNO2Phe) for sequence alteration of somatic mutations that failed to generate neoepitopes. This enhances the immunogenicity of the mutations and transforms it into a suitable candidate for immunotherapy. The nitrated altered epitope vaccines designed according to this paradigm is capable of activating circulating CD8+ T cells and inducing immune cross‐reactivity against autologous mutated epitopes in different MHC backgrounds (H‐2Kb, H‐2Kd, and human HLA‐A02:01), leading to the elimination of tumour cells carrying the mutation. After immunization with the altered epitopes, tumour growth was significantly inhibited. It is noteworthy that nitrated epitopes induce tumour‐infiltrating macrophages to differentiate into the M1 phenotype, surprisingly enhancing the MHC II molecule presenting pathway of macrophages. Nitrated epitope‐treated macrophages have the potential to cross‐activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which may explain why pNO2Phe can enhance the immunogenicity of epitopes. Meanwhile, the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumour is altered due to the activation of macrophages. The nitrated neoantigen vaccine strategy enables the design of vaccines targeting non‐immunogenic tumour mutations, expanding the pool of potential peptides for personalized and shared novel antigen therapy. This approach provides treatment opportunities for patients previously ineligible for new antigen vaccine therapy.
Trends and challenges on inflammatory microenvironment in diabetic wound from 2014 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Fan Weijing , Lu Huimin , Shi Hongshuo , Yuan Weian , Liu Guobin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe disturbance of the inflammatory microenvironment is a frequent pathological trait of diabetic wounds, contributing to the emergence of numerous chronic illnesses. This is crucial in both the development and recovery of wounds caused by diabetes. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of research on the inflammatory microenvironment within the domain of diabetic wounds (DW) over the past 10 years. The objective is to map out the current global research landscape, pinpoint the most significant areas of study and offer guidance for future research avenues. Our research involved querying the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for all pertinent studies on the inflammatory microenvironment in diabetic wounds (DW). We utilized bibliometric tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer and R (version 4.3.1) to identify and highlight the most impactful studies in the field. The study encompassed a review of 1454 articles published from 2014 to 2023, highlighting China and the United States as pivotal nations in the research of the inflammatory microenvironment in diabetic wounds (DW). Within this sphere, the University of Michigan and Harvard University in the United States, along with Shanghai Jiaotong University in China, emerged as the most prolific institutions. WANG Y from China was identified as the most productive author, while KUNKEL SL from the United States received the most citations. The research primarily focuses on topics such as wound healing, repair processes, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and macrophage activity. Additionally, “macrophage” and “delivery” were pinpointed as the leading subjects with promising research potential in this area. Research on the inflammatory microenvironment of diabetic wounds is rapidly advancing through active international collaboration. The study of new mechanisms related to the inflammatory microenvironment and the development of novel materials for repair based on this microenvironment represent emerging fields of future research, particularly in terms of translational applications. This may offer guidance and novel perspectives for further research in the area of the diabetic wound inflammatory microenvironment.
From protagonist to laggard, from pariah to phoenix: Emergence, decline, and re‐emergence of Brazilian climate change policy, 2003–2023
Authors: Pereira Joana Castro , Viola Eduardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBrazil is a major greenhouse gas emitter and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Amazonian deforestation control 2005–2012 and a comprehensive national climate change adaptation plan in 2016 created opportunities for consistent climate action. Yet, subsequent administrations reversed this progress, turning the country into a laggard. President Lula is reviving the national climate agenda. In this article, we use the traditional framework of interests, institutions, and ideas to examine Brazilian climate politics and policies of the past decade, focusing on the country's major emitting sectors and adaptation plans. We identify the factors that hindered the achievement of Brazil's climate goals from the early 2010s to 2022 and investigate Lula's new mandate. Brazil currently shows renewed proclimate momentum, especially in Amazon deforestation control, but hurdles persist, including resistance from Congress, fossil fuel focus, financial frailties, and an uncertain foreign policy.
Defamiliarizing Romance: The Arabic sīra in the English Literary Classroom
Authors: Jagot Shazia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis article explores the ways in which the Arabic sīra a genre loosely akin to the romance or chivalric epic can be incorporated into undergraduate teaching on medieval romance. Drawing on my own pedagogical experience and guided by ongoing critical work on decolonising and diversifying the curriculum, I demonstrate the values and challenges of bringing Arabic texts, read in translation, into modules that configure English literature degrees in UK higher education. I focus on Sīrat Sayf bin Dhī Yazan a dynamic sīra available in Lena Jayyusi's lively English translation (‘Adventures of Sayf ben Dhi Yazan’), that contains folkloric and chivalric motifs and themes recognisable to readers of western romances, including adventuring heroes, disguise and recognition, magic and the supernatural, and love. Here, I aim to show that comparative familiarity is an ideal tool to de‐familiarise and reorient perspectives on ‘romance’ (in the broadest sense) in the classroom. Sīrat Sayf opens up a gateway to another geographical location, both historical and imaginative, another cultural and religious context, and another literary and linguistic tradition. I show the importance of multilingualism in teaching romance on ‘English’ degrees and the broader questions this raises about the stakes of reading in translation while also opening up ways of understanding—and steps to undoing—the structures that create and uphold canons, including medieval romance.
Soil properties predict below‐ground community structure, but not nematode microbiome patterns in semi‐arid habitats
Authors: Pereira Tiago José , De Santiago Alejandro , Bik Holly M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicrobial and microeukaryotic communities are extremely abundant and diverse in soil habitats where they play critical roles in ecosystem functioning and services that are essential to soil health. Soil biodiversity is influenced by above‐ground (vegetation) and below‐ground factors (soil properties), which together create habitat‐specific conditions. However, the compound effects of vegetation and soil properties on soil communities are less studied or often focused on one component of the soil biota. Here, we integrate metabarcoding (16S and 18S rRNA genes) and nematode morphology to assess the effects of habitat and soil properties shaping microbial and microeukaryotic communities as well as nematode‐associated microbiomes. We show that both vegetation and soil properties (soil bulk density) were major factors structuring microbial and microeukaryotic communities in semi‐arid soil habitats. Despite having lower nutrients and lower pH, denser soils displayed significantly higher alpha diversity than less dense soils across datasets. Nematode‐associated microbiomes have lower microbial diversity, strongly differ from soil microbes and are more likely to respond to microscale variations among samples than to vegetation or soil bulk density. Consequently, different nematode lineages and trophic groups are likely to display similar associated microbiomes when sharing the same microhabitat. Different microbiome taxa were enriched within specific nematode lineages (e.g. Mycobacterium, Candidatus Cardinium) highlighting potentially new species‐specific associations that may confer benefits to their soil nematode hosts. Our findings highlight the importance of exploring above‐ and below‐ground effects to assess community structure in terrestrial habitats, and how fine‐scale analyses are critical for understanding patterns of host‐associated microbiomes.
Security in Neutrality: Chinese Engagement In the Middle East and the Red Sea Crisis
Authors: Colley Christopher K. , Goodman Joshua R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChina's interests have expanded rapidly in the Middle East since the turn of the century, and it is now the leading trade partner for many states in the region. The unrest sparked by the war between Israel and Hamas, including the Red Sea shipping crisis that imperils global trade, threatens those interests. The perceived absence of deep Chinese participation in trying to resolve these emergencies contrasts with previous peacekeeping efforts and raises questions about Beijing's willingness to take part in global‐security initiatives. This article analyzes variations in Chinese decision making on the use of force and diplomacy in the Middle East. Based on publicly available data, an examination of sources in English and Chinese, and interviews previously conducted in China, we develop a three‐pronged typology that explains Chinese strategic behavior in the region: military engagement, perceived free riding, and diplomacy. The article contributes to the literatures of security studies, Chinese foreign and military policy, and the security of the Middle East.