bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of locally advanced laryngeal cancer
Authors: Karatzanis Alexander D , Psychogios Georgios , Waldfahrer Frank , Kapsreiter Markus , Zenk Johannes , Velegrakis George A , Iro Heinrich 
Published: January 2014

Background Management of advanced laryngeal cancer is complex and ideal strategy is yet to be defined. This study evaluates the experience of a single head and neck oncologic centre in the management of T4 laryngeal cancer. Methods Retrospective assessment of cases primarily treated for T4a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, between 1980 and 2007, at a tertiary referral center. Results A total of 384 cases were studied. Five-year disease specific survival was 56.2% and local control 87.4%. Regional and distal control estimates were 90.3% and 88.3% respectively. Prognosis was significantly superior for cases treated with primary surgery compared to cases solely managed with non-surgical modalities. Positive surgical margins and regional disease worsened prognosis. Conclusion This study suggests that primary surgery remains a key element in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer. The need for well-designed, prospective, randomised studies in order to further evaluate the remaining role of primary surgery in the modern management of locally advanced laryngeal lesions is emphasized.
Validation of 1-hour post-thyroidectomy parathyroid hormone level in predicting hypocalcemia
Authors: Le Trung N , Kerr Paul D , Sutherland Donna E , Lambert Pascal 
Published: January 2014

Background Prior work by our group suggested that a single one hour post-thyroidectomy parathyroid hormone (1 hr PTH) level could accurately stratify patients into high and low risk groups for the development of hypocalcemia. This study looks to validate the safety and efficacy of a protocol based on a 1 hr PTH threshold of 12 pg/ml. Study design Retrospective analysis of consecutive cohort treated with standardized protocol. Methods One hundred and twenty five consecutive patients underwent total or completion thyroidectomy and their PTH level was drawn 1-hour post operatively. Based on our previous work, patients were stratified into either a low risk group (PTH < 12 pg/ml) or a high risk group (PTH ≥ 12 pg/ml). Patients in the high risk group were immediately started on prophylactic calcium carbonate (5–10 g/d) and calcitriol (0.5-1.0 mcg/d). The outcomes were then reviewed focusing mainly on how many low risk patients developed hypocalcemia (false negative rate), and how many high risk patients failed prophylactic therapy. Results Thirty one patients (25%) were stratified as high risk, and 94 (75%) as low risk. Five (16%) of the high risk patients became hypocalcemic despite prophylactic therapy. Two of the low risk group became hypocalcemic, (negative predictive value = 98%). None of the hypocalcemic patients had anything more than mild symptoms. Conclusions A single 1-hour post-thyroidectomy PTH level is a very useful way to stratify thyroidectomy patients into high and low risk groups for development of hypocalcemia. Early implementation of oral prophylactic calcium and vitamin D in the high risk patients is a very effective way to prevent serious hypocalcemia. Complex protocols requiring multiple calcium and PTH measurements are not required to guide post-thyroidectomy management.
Assessing students approaches to learning using a matrix framework in a Malaysian public university
Authors: Teoh Hee Chong , Abdullah Maria Chong , Roslan Samsilah , Mohd Daud Shaffe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the learning characteristics of students using a matrix framework of learning approaches (MFLA) in a Malaysian public university. A survey form based on Biggs’s study process questionnaire (SPQ) was distributed to a total of 350 students. This study employed a descriptive correlation research design to address the research objectives. The findings revealed that Malaysian students are prone to applying the achieving approach in their studies. The achieving approach is the most preferable learning characteristic. The results also indicated that four of the nine hypothetical learning approaches exist, two of which are positive in nature. As a result, a proposed teaching method based on the MFLA was introduced to suit the needs of these major learning characteristics among students.
Amyloid-beta 42 adsorption following serial tube transfer
Authors: Toombs Jamie , Paterson Ross W , Schott Jonathan M , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 38 (Aβ38), 40 (Aβ40), 42 (Aβ42) and total tau (T-tau) are finding increasing utility as biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether measured CSF biomarker concentrations were affected by transfer of CSF between tubes, and whether addition of a non-ionic surfactant mitigates any observed effects.

Methods
AD and control CSF was transferred consecutively between polypropylene tubes. Aβ peptides and T-tau were measured with and without addition of Tween 20 (0.05%).

Results
Measured concentrations of Aβ42 decreased by approximately 25% with each consecutive transfer. Measured concentrations of Aβ38 and Aβ40 were also observed to decrease significantly with each consecutive transfer (approximately 16% loss per transfer). Measured concentrations of T-tau also decreased significantly, but at much smaller magnitude than the Aβ peptides (approximately 4% loss per transfer). The addition of Tween 20 mitigated this effect in all samples.

Conclusions
Consecutive CSF transfer between tubes has a significant impact on the measured concentration of all Aβ peptides, and significant effect of lesser magnitude on T-tau. This would be sufficient to alter biomarker ratios enough to mislead diagnosis. The introduction of Tween 20 at the initial aliquoting stage was observed to significantly mitigate this effect.
Fucosyltransferase 1 mediates angiogenesis, cell adhesion and rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue fibroblast proliferation
Authors: Isozaki Takeo , Ruth Jeffrey H , Amin Mohammad A , Campbell Phillip L , Tsou Pei-Suen , Ha Christine M , Haines G Kenneth , Edhayan Gautam , Koch Alisa E 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
We previously reported that sialyl Lewisy, synthesized by fucosyltransferases, is involved in angiogenesis. Fucosyltransferase 1 (fut1) is an α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase responsible for synthesis of the H blood group and Lewisy antigens. However, the angiogenic involvement of fut 1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue (RA ST) has not been clearly defined.

Methods
Assay of α(1,2)-linked fucosylated proteins in RA was performed by enzyme-linked lectin assay. Fut1 expression was determined in RA ST samples by immunohistological staining. We performed angiogenic Matrigel assays using a co-culture system of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) and fut1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfected RA synovial fibroblasts. To determine if fut1 played a role in leukocyte retention and cell proliferation in the RA synovium, myeloid THP-1 cell adhesion assays and fut1 siRNA transfected RA synovial fibroblast proliferation assays were performed.

Results
Total α(1,2)-linked fucosylated proteins in RA ST were significantly higher compared to normal (NL) ST. Fut1 expression on RA ST lining cells positively correlated with ST inflammation. HMVECs from a co-culture system with fut1 siRNA transfected RA synovial fibroblasts exhibited decreased endothelial cell tube formation compared to control siRNA transfected RA synovial fibroblasts. Fut1 siRNA also inhibited myeloid THP-1 adhesion to RA synovial fibroblasts and RA synovial fibroblast proliferation.

Conclusions
These data show that α(1,2)-linked fucosylated proteins are upregulated in RA ST compared to NL ST. We also show that fut1 in RA synovial fibroblasts is important in angiogenesis, leukocyte-synovial fibroblast adhesion, and synovial fibroblast proliferation, all key processes in the pathogenesis of RA.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Liver Fibrosis, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1874 General Population Adolescents
Authors: Lawlor Debbie A. , Callaway Mark , Macdonald-Wallis Corrie , Anderson Emma , Fraser Abigail , Howe Laura D. , Day Chris , Sattar Naveed 
Published: January 2014

Context:
The impact of adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on health, independent of fat mass, is unclear.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the independent (of total body fat) association of ultrasound scan (USS)-determined NAFLD with liver fibrosis, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia among healthy adolescents.

Design:
This was a cross-sectional analysis in participants from a UK birth cohort.

Participants:
One thousand eight hundred seventy-four (1059 female) individuals of a mean age of 17.9 years participated in the study.

Main Outcomes:
USS assessed liver stiffness (shear velocity, an indicator of fibrosis) and volume, fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and haptoglobin.

Results:
The prevalence of NAFLD was 2.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–3.3] and was the same in females and males. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry determined total body fat mass was strongly associated with USS NAFLD: odds ratio 3.15 (95% CI 2.44–4.07) per 1 SD (∼10 kg) fat mass. Those with NAFLD had larger liver volumes and greater shear velocity. They also had higher fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and haptoglobin and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Most associations were independent of total body fat. For example, after adjustment for fat mass and other confounders, hepatic shear velocity [mean difference 22.8% (95% CI 15.6–30.5)], triglyceride levels [23.6% (95% CI 6.0–44.2)], and insulin [39.4% (95% CI 10.7–75.5)] were greater in those with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD.

Conclusion:
In healthy European adolescents, 2.5% have USS-defined NAFLD. Even after accounting for total body fat, those with NAFLD have more adverse levels of liver fibrosis and cardiometabolic risk factors.
Solute–Solvent Interactions of Benzonitrile in Solutions Studied by Sub-Picosecond Infrared Pump–Probe Spectroscopy
Authors: Banno Motohiro , Kotani Ayumi , Ohta Kaoru , Tominaga Keisuke 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The vibrational energy relaxation of the CN stretching mode of benzonitrile (BN) in solution has been investigated by infrared (IR) pump–probe spectroscopy. The peak wavenumber, line shape, and cross section of the ground state absorption band due to the CN stretching mode depend on the solvent and concentration. From the experimental results of IR spectroscopy and calculations with density functional theory, the structures of solute–solute or solute–solvent complexes are suggested. In hexane, BN exists as a monomer or a dimer in which the two CN groups are arranged antiparallel. In ethanol (EtOH), it is suggested that BN forms the antiparallel dimer and a BN–EtOH hydrogen-bonded complex. In dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), BN probably forms a solute–solvent complex. From the results of IR pump–probe spectroscopy, the decay time constant of the pump–probe signal shows a probe wavenumber dependence in hexane and DMSO, which indicates inhomogeneity of the microscopic environment around BN in these solvents. In EtOH, the wavenumber dependence was not observed. This suggests that the VER processes for the BN dimer and the BN–EtOH complex are accelerated from that for the monomer, and the VER times are almost identical among the two structures.
Substituent R-Effects on Intermolecular Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen (H) Bonds: Theoretical Analysis of Double H-Bonded Dimers of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Tabayashi Kiyohiko , Takahashi Osamu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Substituent dependence of geometries and binding energies calculated for a number of carboxylic acid dimers with R-substituents using 2nd-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory and Gaussian 4 level quantum mechanical method, is analyzed to characterize intrinsic substituent effects. Charge distribution and charge-transfer interaction of reaction centers are examined to evaluate π-electron delocalization and individual H-bond structures using natural bond orbital analysis. For (RCOOH)2 homodimers, parametric substituent-treatment by Taft and Topsom revealed that π-donor substitution increases the π-electron delocalization of conjugated C=O/C–O frames of carboxylic acids and cooperatively stabilizes the equivalent H-bonds depending on the potentiality |σR+| of π-resonance effect, i.e., substituent-enhanced RAHBs (resonance-assisted H-bonds). In contrast, π-accepting substituents are found actually inactive in these electron deficient C=O/C–O fields yielding the minimum available RAHBs similar to the reference (HCOOH)2. In (R1–COOH)(R2–COOH) heterodimers, the π-accepting substituent can only be activated under the presence of π-donor potentiality from the counter molecule, generating a cooperative substituent push–pull interaction through the corresponding H-bond. Out of two H-bonds generated, one is significantly strengthened while the other being quenched due to the substituent effects in the opposite direction. The intermolecular electron push–pull interaction is quantitatively interpreted in terms of the charge-transfer of each H-bond influenced by the π-resonance substituent effects.
A study of art and craft teaching programs according to their function of generating "industrial design education" qualification for teacher candidates
Authors: Yalçın Wells Şehnaz 
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the function of art and craft teachers programs, based on opinions of teachers graduated from art and craft teachers undergraduate program, for making the teacher candidates gain the "Industrial Design Education" qualification, which is a part of the Fine Arts classes in primary and secondary schools. The research has been conducted with a qualitative research approach. Participants in the research are 43 teachers graduated from Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Art and Craft Teaching undergraduate program. Data has been collected by document analysis techniques and surveys developed by the researcher. The transcripts of the teacher candidates graduated at different years from this program are done by examining the documents. The research has been conducted with a qualitative research approach. The research showed that teachers evaluate the industrial design education qualification function of the art and craft teachers undergraduate program according to workshop diversity, workshop course hours, and the content of the program. (i)Teachers are generally negative about the branching that develops in time within the structure of the program. (ii)They think it is a must for teacher candidates to participate in several workshops to gain the required professional qualification for their branch. (iii) And teachers affirm the regulation of craft design workshop as industrial workshop. (iv) they also stress the importance of course hours and program content. On the other hand, teachers make several suggestions about developing the program, the purpose of the program, education method and environment, cooperation between academicians and institutions, so that the art and craft undergraduate program can function more effectively.
Thermal Degradation Kinetics of a Linked Polyurethane Acrylate Film
Authors: Chen Jianfu , Zhang Weiying , Li Xiao , Chen Yimin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Linked polyurethane-acrylate (LPUA) emulsions with good stability were synthesized by seed swelling emulsion polymerization. We then investigated the thermal degradation process of the LPUA film by means of thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) at different heating rates. It was shown that the heating rate had obvious influence on the thermal weight loss of LPUA. Both the starting and ending temperatures of decomposition shifted to a higher temperature with increased heating rate. The most probable kinetic parameters of decomposition were obtained from the Coats-Redfern integral equation and Achar differential equation. It was shown that the optimum mechanism functions of the decomposition reaction were 3D diffusion, spherical symmetry, D4, and deceleration type a–t curve. The thermal decomposition mechanism function of the LPUA film was f (α) = 3/2[(1−α)−1/3 − 1]−1; G (α) = (1 − 2α/3) − (1 − α)2/3.
Closed-Loop Automatic Oxygen Control (CLAC) in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hallenberger Antonietta , Poets Christian Friedrich , Horn Werner , Seyfang Andreas , Urschitz Michael Siegfried 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
In preterm infants receiving supplemental oxygen, routine manual control (RMC) of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) is often difficult and time consuming. We developed a system for closed-loop automatic control (CLAC) of the FIO2 and demonstrated its short-term safety and efficacy in a single-center study. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that this system is more effective than RMC alone in maintaining arterial oxygen saturation within target levels when evaluated over 24 hours under routine conditions and with different target levels.

METHODS:
We performed a multicenter, randomized controlled, crossover clinical trial in 34 preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation or nasal continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen. Twenty-four–hour periods with RMC were compared with 24-hour periods of RMC supported by CLAC.

RESULTS:
The median (range) percentage of time with arterial oxygen saturation levels within target range was 61.4 (31.5–99.5) for RMC and 71.2 (44.0–95.4) for CLAC (P &lt; .001). The median (range) number of manual FIO2 adjustments was reduced from 77.0 (0.0–224.0) for RMC to 52.0 (10.0–317.0) for CLAC (P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS:
CLAC may improve oxygen administration to preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation or nasal continuous positive airway pressure while reducing workload related to RMC.
Deep-Water Clastic Sediments
Authors: Siemers Charles T. , Tillman Roderick W. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The SEPM core workshop on deep-water clastic sediments was organized to provide participants with an opportunity to view cores from a variety of deep water depositional settings and to demonstrate the application of process sedimentology in the interpretation of depositional enviroments from the study of cores and associated subsurface data. The studies assembled for presentation in the workshop have dealt with sedimentary sequences which have been interpreted as having formed by deposition of non-calcareous, clastic sediment in relatively deep water (generally slope basins and greater depths). These studies also have been concerned principally with coarser deep-water sediments (usually fine-grained sandstone or coarser) of such stratigraphic sequences because of their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs with primary and (or) diagenetically modified inter-granular porosity and permeability. Obviously those coarser parts of such deep-water sequences are anomalous in that they represent transport and deposition by processes that did not operate most of the time in the overall relatively quiet depositional settings. The probable processes of transport and deposition of such anomalous coarse clastic sediment, and overall models for dispersion and accumulation of such sediment, therefore have been considered in some detail in the studies included in the core workshop. However, this is not a course on sedimentary mechanics; it is a course in comparative stratigraphic and sedimentologic analysis.
Six core sequences, which have been the subject of detailed sedimentological study, will be on display during the core Workshop. Two studies pertain to deep-water, Upper Cretaceous sandstones (mainly the Winters Sandstone) of the Sacramento Valley
Upper Cretaceous Deep Water Winters Sandstone, Cities Service Nixon Community No. 1, Solano County, California
Authors: Tillman R. W. , Hughes S. M. , Scott R. M. , Dailey D. H. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Continued gas and condensate discoveries in the Late Cretaceous Winters Sandstone of the southern Sacramento Valley provided impetus for detailed paleoenvironmental analyses of that formation. The Winters Sandstone interval, cored in the Cities Service Nixon Community No. 1 well, Solano County, California, was analyzed to ascertain its sedimentary and petrographic characteristics and to determine the depositional environment in which it accumulated.
The Winters Sandstone core extends from 8855 to 8882.4 feet in the Nixon Community No. 1 well and includes strata divisible into three lithologic units. The lower unit, Unit 1 (8862.5 to 8882.4 feet), is a massive-appearing porous (25%) and permeable (150-950 md) sandstone with nongradational upper and lower contacts with shale. X-ray radiographs reveal numerous subhorizon-tal laminations throughout much of what otherwise appears to be a structureless sandstone. Two vertical sequences based on differences in grain size measurements can be distinguished, indicating vertical stacking of genetic subunits within the sandbody. These sedimentary features, developed within a well-defined sandstone unit, correspond to typical B-facies sandstones of the Mutti-Ricci Lucchi submarine fan model. As such, Unit 1 is interpreted to be turbidites deposited in a deep-water setting.
Overlying the sandstone are shale and silty shales divisible into two units. Small diameter burrows of indeterminate origin are abundant, though discernable on polished core surfaces only where highly concentrated. A modest foraminiferal fauna suggestive of slope or deeper depths was also recovered from the shale interval. The middle unit, Unit 2 (8859-5-8862.5 feet), is a horizontally laminated shale with subhorizontally bedded to contorted silty and sandy zones and with small obliquely to vertically oriented sandstone dikes. These sedimentary features suggest deposition from the fine-grained distal end of one or more turbi-dite flows and are typical of the D-facies of the Mutti-Ricci Lucchi submarine fan model.
Unit 3, silty “shale” (8855-8859-5 feet) is generally lacking distinct stratification features, being almost massive in appearance. It’s mode of occurrence presumably was from suspension which, together with its included moderately deep water microfauna, suggests an environment devoid of bottom turbidites, probably at slope depths. Unit 3 is classified as a G-facies deposit of the Mutti-Ricci Lucchi model.