bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Gut Microbiomes Show Strong Geographic Differences Among Subjects at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kemppainen Kaisa M. , Ardissone Alexandria N. , Davis-Richardson Austin G. , Fagen Jennie R. , Gano Kelsey A. , León-Novelo Luis G. , Vehik Kendra , Casella George , Simell Olli , Ziegler Anette G. , Rewers Marian J. , Lernmark Åke , Hagopian William , She Jin-Xiong , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Akolkar Beena , Schatz Desmond A. , Atkinson Mark A. , Triplett Eric W. ,   the TEDDY Study Group
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVEGut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes. This pilot study determines how geographical location affects the microbiome of infants at high risk for type 1 diabetes in a population of homogenous HLA class II genotypes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSHigh-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples collected from 90 high-risk, nonautoimmune infants participating in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study in the U.S., Germany, Sweden, and Finland.RESULTSStudy site–specific patterns of gut colonization share characteristics across continents. Finland and Colorado have a significantly lower bacterial diversity, while Sweden and Washington state are dominated by Bifidobacterium in early life. Bacterial community diversity over time is significantly different by geographical location.CONCLUSIONSThe microbiome of high-risk infants is associated with geographical location. Future studies aiming to identify the microbiome disease phenotype need to carefully consider the geographical origin of subjects.
A New Approach for Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes in Autoantibody-Positive Individuals Based on Prediction and Natural History
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Beam Craig A. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Boulware David , Rafkin Lisa E. , Matheson Della , Herold Kevan C. , Mahon Jeffrey , Palmer Jerry P. ,   the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet and Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Study Groups
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
We assessed whether type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be diagnosed earlier using a new approach based on prediction and natural history in autoantibody-positive individuals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) and TrialNet Natural History Study (TNNHS) participants were studied. A metabolic index, the T1D Diagnostic Index60 (Index60), was developed from 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) using the log fasting C-peptide, 60-min C-peptide, and 60-min glucose. OGTTs with Index60 ≥2.00 and 2-h glucose &lt;200 mg/dL (Ind60+Only) were compared with Index60 &lt;2.00 and 2-h glucose ≥200 mg/dL (2hglu+Only) OGTTs as criteria for T1D. Individuals were assessed for C-peptide loss from the first Ind60+Only OGTT to diagnosis.

RESULTS
Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were significantly higher for Index60 than for the 2-h glucose (P &lt; 0.001 for both DPT-1 and the TNNHS). As a diagnostic criterion, sensitivity was higher for Ind60+Only than for 2hglu+Only (0.44 vs. 0.15 in DPT-1; 0.26 vs. 0.17 in the TNNHS) OGTTs. Specificity was somewhat higher for 2hglu+Only OGTTs in DPT-1 (0.97 vs. 0.91) but equivalent in the TNNHS (0.98 for both). Positive and negative predictive values were higher for Ind60+Only OGTTs in both studies. Postchallenge C-peptide levels declined significantly at each OGTT time point from the first Ind60+Only OGTT to the time of standard diagnosis (range −22 to −34% in DPT-1 and −14 to −27% in the TNNHS). C-peptide and glucose patterns differed markedly between Ind60+Only and 2hglu+Only OGTTs.

CONCLUSIONS
An approach based on prediction and natural history appears to have utility for diagnosing T1D.
Hemodynamic Changes by Drug Interaction of Adrenaline With Chlorpromazine
Authors: Higuchi Hitoshi , Yabuki Akiko , Ishii-Maruhama Minako , Tomoyasu Yumiko , Maeda Shigeru , Miyawaki Takuya 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is included in dental local anesthesia for the purpose of vasoconstriction. In Japan, adrenaline is contraindicated for use in patients receiving antipsychotic therapy, because the combination of adrenaline and an antipsychotic is considered to cause severe hypotension; however, there is insufficient evidence supporting this claim. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the changes in hemodynamics caused by drug interaction between adrenaline and an antipsychotic and to evaluate the safety of the combined use of adrenaline and an antipsychotic in an animal study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. A catheter was inserted into the femoral artery to measure blood pressure and pulse rate. Rats were pretreated by intraperitoneal injection of chlorpromazine or chlorpromazine and propranolol, and after 20 minutes, saline or 1 of 3 different doses of adrenaline was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Changes in the ratio of mean arterial blood pressure and pulse rate were measured after the injection of adrenaline. Significant hypotension and tachycardia were observed after the injection of adrenaline in the chlorpromazine-pretreated rats. These effects were in a dose-dependent manner, and 100 μg/kg adrenaline induced significant hemodynamic changes. Furthermore, in the chlorpromazine and propranolol–pretreated rats, modest hypertension was induced by adrenaline, but hypotension and tachycardia were not significantly shown. Hypotension was caused by a drug interaction between adrenaline and chlorpromazine through the activation of the β-adrenergic receptor and showed a dose-dependent effect. Low-dose adrenaline similar to what might be used in human dental treatment did not result in a significant homodynamic change.
The Effect of Intraoral Suction on Oxygen-Enriched Surgical Environments: A Mechanism for Reducing the Risk of Surgical Fires
Authors: VanCleave Andrea M. , Jones James E. , McGlothlin James D. , Saxen Mark A. , Sanders Brian J. , Vinson LaQuia A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, a mechanical model was applied in order to replicate potential surgical fire conditions in an oxygen-enriched environment with and without high-volume suction typical for dental surgical applications. During 41 trials, 3 combustion events were measured: an audible pop, a visible flash of light, and full ignition. In at least 11 of 21 trials without suction, all 3 conditions were observed, sometimes with an extent of fire that required early termination of the experimental trial. By contrast, in 18 of 20 with-suction trials, ignition did not occur at all, and in the 2 cases where ignition did occur, the fire was qualitatively a much smaller, candle-like flame. Statistically comparing these 3 combustion events in the no-suction versus with-suction trials, ignition (P = .0005), audible pop (P = .0211), and flash (P = .0092) were all significantly more likely in the no-suction condition. These results suggest a possible significant and new element to be added to existing surgical fire safety protocols toward making surgical fires the “never-events” they should be.
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma After General Anesthesia for Bone Grafting
Authors: Nitta Yukie , Kamekura Nobuhito , Takuma Shigeru , Fujisawa Toshiaki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is a rare complication of general anesthesia. The coexistence of individual risk factors for postoperative AACG and factors associated with intraocular hypertension are considered to be required for postoperative AACG to develop. We present a case of AACG after general anesthesia for oral bone grafting in a patient with no preoperative eye symptoms. In this case, several factors such as postoperative care in a darkened room, psychological stress, and postoperative hypertension may have precipitated the event in this patient, who may have had preexisting undiagnosed elevated intraocular pressure. The interval between the earliest appearance of symptoms at 9 hours and the ultimate diagnosis was 36 hours. In the postoperative period following general anesthesia, any patient is at risk for AACG. It is important that a postoperative diagnosis of AACG should be considered and a timely consultation with an ophthalmologist be considered if a postoperative patient complains of red eyes, visual disorder, eye pain, headache, and nausea.
Emergency Drug Kits: Pharmacological and Technical Considerations
Authors: Becker Daniel E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The risk for complications while providing dental procedures is greatest when caring for patients having significant medical compromise. It is comforting that significant adverse events can generally be prevented by careful preoperative assessment, along with attentive intraoperative monitoring and support. Nevertheless, the office team must be prepared to manage untoward events should they arise. This continuing education article will address basic emergency drugs that should be available in all dental practices and additional agents that become essential for those practices providing various levels of procedural sedation or general anesthesia.
Exact 3D solutions and finite element 2D models
for free vibration analysis of plates and cylinders
Authors: Brischetto Salvatore , Torre Roberto 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper proposes a comparison between classical
two-dimensional (2D) finite elements (FEs) and an exact
three-dimensional (3D) solution for the free vibration
analysis of one-layered and multilayered isotropic, composite
and sandwich plates and cylinders. Low and high
order frequencies are analyzed for thick and thin simply
supported structures. Vibration modes are investigated to
make a comparison between results obtained via the finite
element method and those obtained by means of the exact
three-dimensional solution. The 3D exact solution is
based on the differential equations of equilibrium written
in general orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. This exact
method is based on a layer-wise approach, the continuity
of displacements and transverse shear/normal stresses is
imposed at the interfaces between the layers of the structure.
The geometry for shells is considered without any
simplifications. The 2D finite element results are obtained
by means of a well-known commercial FE code. The differences
between 2D FE solutions and 3D exact solutions
depend on the considered mode, the order of frequency,
the thickness ratio of the structure, the geometry, the embedded
material and the lamination sequence.
Liquid Perfluorochemicals as Flexible and Efficient Gas Carriers Applied in Bioprocess Engineering: An Updated Overview and Future Prospects
Authors: Pilarek Maciej 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Fully synthetic, biochemically inert and water-immiscible liquid perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are recognised as flexible liquid carriers/scavengers of gaseous compounds (respiratory gases mainly, i.e. O2 and CO2) and increasingly applied in bioprocess engineering. A range of unmatched physicochemical properties of liquid PFCs, i.e. outstanding chemo- and thermostability, extremely low surface tension, simultaneous hydro- and lipophobicity, which result from carbon chain substitution with fluorine atoms (the most electronegative chemical element) and the presence of intramolecular C-F bonds (the strongest single bond known in organic chemistry) have been described in detail. Exceptional propensity to solubility of respiratory gases in liquid perfluorinated compounds has been widely discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of bioprocess applications of liquid PFCs in the form of a pure PFC as well as in an emulsified form have been pointed out. A liquid PFC-mediated mass transfer intensification in various types of microbial, plant cell and animal cell culture systems: from miniaturised microlitre-scale cultures, via biomaterial-based scaffolds containing culture systems, to litre-scale bioreactors, has been reviewed and elaborated on bearing in mind the benefits of bioprocesses.
The Influence Of Calcite On The Ash Flow Temperature For Semi-Anthracite Coal From Donbas District
Authors: Čarnogurská Mária , Příhoda Miroslav , Pyszko René , Širillová Ľubomíra , Palkóci Ján 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of research focused on the lowering of ash flow temperature at semianthracite coal from Donbas district by means of additive (calcite) dosing. Ash fusion temperatures were set for two coal samples (A, B) and for five various states (samples of ash without any additives, with 1%, with 3%, with 5% and with 7% of the additive) in total. The macroscopicphotographic method was used for identifying all specific temperatures. Obtained outputs prove that A type coal has a lower value of sphere temperature than B type coal in the whole scope of percentage representation of the additive. The flow temperature dropped in total from 1489 °C to 1280 °C, i.e. by 14% during the test of coal of type A with 7% of the additive; while it was near 10% for coal of type B (from 1450 °C to 1308 °C). Numerical simulations of the process showed that it is not effective to add an additive with a grain size lower than 280 μm by means of wastevapour burners.
Assessment of disposable groundwater resources for hydraulic fracturing of gas shales in the Lublin Basin (eastern Poland)
Authors: Duda Robert 
Published: December 2014

Streszczenie
W pracy dokonano prognozy zasobów wód podziemnych do wykorzystania w celu szczelinowania łupków gazonośnych w obszarze Basenu Lubelskiego w 2030 r. Jest to przydatne właścicielom koncesji na eksploatację gazu do planowania wielkości i harmonogramu wydobycia. W celu określe- nia dyspozycyjnych zasobów wód opracowano model bilansu wodno-gospodarczego, do którego jako podstawowe dane wejściowe wykorzystano dane z bilansu i prognozy zasobów wód podziemnych dla 2030 r. w dorzeczu Wisły. W modelu uwzględniono specyficzne czynniki determinujące wielkość zasobów wody na obszarach perspektywicznej eksploatacji gazu: zmniejszenie zasilania wód pod- ziemnych w wyniku zmian klimatu, nierejestrowany pobór wody w gospodarstwach indywidualnych, zapotrzebowanie na wodę związane z rozwojem górnictwa gazu łupkowego i stopnień zwrotu do obiegu hydrologicznego wody, wykorzystanej do szczelinowania. W celu uwzględnienia niepewności stopnia oddziaływania tych czynników w 2030 r., model wykonano dla dwóch scenariuszy: umiar- kowanie rygorystycznego ekologicznie i rygorystycznego ekologicznie, zakładającego duże skutki zmian klimatu i radykalne zwiększenie zapotrzebowania na wodę. Zasoby dyspozycyjne wód okreś- lono dla wydzielonych 12 stref bilansowych, zgodnych obszarowo z Jednolitymi Częściami Wód Podziemnych lub ich fragmentami znajdującymi się w obszarze badań. Prognoza dotyczy zasobów wód podziemnych bez stratygraficznego rozdziału na poziomy wodonośne. Zasoby wyniosą dla scenariusza I od 1 072 735 do 79 458 310 m3/rok w zależności od strefy. Dla scenariusza II odpo- wiednio od 733 285 do 49 103 085 m3/rok. Dla właścicieli koncesji na eksploatację gazu istotne są względne wartości zasobów wyrażone na jednostkę powierzchni, które wyniosą dla scenariusza I od 10 132 do 32 300 m3/(rok-km2) w zależności od strefy i dla scenariusza II od 5 212 do 24 200 m3/(rok-km2). Model bilansowy pozwala stwierdzić, że prognozowane na 2030 r. zasoby dyspozycyjne wód podziemnych w strefach bilansowych Basenu Lubelskiego są duże, więc rozwój górnictwa gazu łupkowego nie powinien wpłynąć negatywnie na stan ilościowy wód w tym obszarze.
Financial aspects of changes in the level of finished goods inventory in a mining enterprise
Authors: Jonek-Kowalska Izabela 
Published: December 2014

Streszczenie
W niniejszym artykule problem badawczy sformułowano następująco: Jakie czynniki wpły- wają na zmiany poziomu zapasów w polskich przedsiębiorstwach górniczych i jakie są finansowe konsekwencje tych zmian? Zgodnie z wynikami przeprowadzonych analiz wśród istotnych zmian wpływających na zapotrzebowanie na węgiel kamienny można wskazać przede wszystkim zmiany w strukturze źródeł zaspokajania potrzeb energetycznych w Polsce oraz zmienność cen na między- narodowych rynkach węgla kamiennego. Przy czym pierwsze z wymienionych, w świetle przed- stawionych danych, postępują stosunkowo wolno, nie są więc główną przyczyną pogorszenia zbytu i kumulacji zapasów.
Do skutków nadmiernego poziomu zapasów należy zaliczyć: wydłużenie cyklu obrotowości zapasów w dniach, obniżenie poziomu płynności szybkiej oraz wyraźne zmniejszenie operacyjnych przepływów pieniężnych. Przedsiębiorstwo ponosi także pośrednie koszty utrzymania zapasów, tracąc możliwości alternatywnego wykorzystania środków zamrożonych w zapasach oraz poszukując dodatkowych źródeł finansowania działalności operacyjnej.
Obtaining magnesium hydroxide of micro- or nanostructure on the basis of technical raw materials
Authors: Radomski Piotr , Jarosiński Andrzej , Madejska Lucyna 
Published: December 2014

Streszczenie
W pracy przedstawiono wstępne wyniki otrzymywania wodorotlenku magnezu o wysokiej czys- tości i mikro- lub nanostrukturzc na bazie surowców technicznych. Wodorotlenek magnezu może znaleźć potencjalne zastosowanie w przemyśle tworzyw sztucznych jako dodatek opóźniający zapłon. Musi cechować się wysoką powierzchnią właściwą (powyżej 100 m2/g), silnym rozdrob- nieniem oraz wysoką czystością. W badaniach stosowano techniczny siarczan magnezu, który przed procesem otrzymywania wodorotlenku magnezu oczyszczano z zastosowaniem metod hydrolitycz- nych. Z oczyszczonych roztworów krystalizowano sól siedmiowodną, która była surowcem do otrzymywania wodorotlenku magnezu. Badania prowadzono dla różnych stężeń siarczanu mag- nezu 0,2-2,0 mol/dm3, jako czynnik strącający stosowano wodorotlenek sodu w przedziale stężeń 0,4-0,5 mol/dm3. Otrzymany osad analizowano przy użyciu technik SEM oraz BET, czystość określano technikami kolorymetrycznymi.
Agency versus Communion as Predictors of Self-esteem: Searching for the Role of Culture and Self-construal
Authors: Wojciszke Bogdan , Bialobrzeska Olga 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTwo hypotheses concerning the relative importance of agentic versus communal traits as predictors of selfesteem were tested. The perspective hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by agency over communion because self-perceptions are formed from the agent (versus recipient) perspective. The culture hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by communal concerns in collectivistic cultures and by agentic concerns in individualistic cultures (echoed by individual differences in self-construal). Study 1 involving three samples from collectivistic countries and three from individualistic ones found that self-esteem was better predicted from self-ratings of agentic than communal traits, with the exception of collectivistic women for whom the two predictors were equal. Study 2 primed the interdependent or independent self and found self-ratings of agency to be better predictors of self-esteem than self-ratings of communion, with the exception of interdependence priming,where the two predictors were equal in strength.
Predictions of Actions and Their Justifications in False-Belief Tasks: The Role of Executive Function
Authors: Putko Adam , Złotogórska Agata 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine whether children’s ability to justify their action predictions in terms of mental states is related, in a similar way as the ability to predict actions, to such aspects of executive function (EF) as executive control and working memory. An additional objective was to check whether the frequency of different types of justifications made by children in false-belief tasks is associated with aforementioned aspects of EF, as well as language. The study included 59 children aged 3-4 years. The ability to predict actions and to justify these predictions was measured with false-belief tasks. Luria’s hand-game was used to assess executive control, and the Counting and Labelling dual-task was used to assess working memory capacity. Language development was controlled using an embedded syntax test. It was found that executive control was a significant predictor of the children’s ability to justify their action predictions in terms of mental states, even when age and language were taken into account. Results also indicated a relationship between the type of justification in the false-belief task and language development. With the development of language children gradually cease to justify their action predictions in terms of current location, and they tend to construct irrelevant justifications before they begin to refer to beliefs. Data suggest that executive control, in contrast to language, is a factor which affects the development of the children’s ability to justify their action predictions only in its later phase, during a shift from irrelevant to correct justifications.
Adult attachment styles and negativistic beliefs about the social world: The role of self-image and other-image
Authors: Skarżyńska Krystyna , Radkiewicz Piotr 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article is concerned with the relationship between adult attachment styles and generalized negativistic social beliefs (i.e. pessimistic expectations concerning human nature and interpersonal relations). Two general dimensions of attachment styles, avoidance and anxiety, are considered to be manifestations of an individual’s image of other people and of the self, respectively. We suggest that both dimensions may be a substantial basis for formulating negative beliefs about the social world. Firstly, we believe that a high level of negativistic social beliefs can be positively predicted by the growth of avoidance (negative image of others) and anxiety (negative image of self). Secondly, we formulate an expected interaction effect. Although the nature of such an interaction is ambiguous, it may be argued as having a synergistic as well as antagonistic pattern. These hypotheses were tested and supported (in favor of an antagonistic pattern of interaction in the case of the second hypothesis) on a representative sample of adult Poles (N = 853).
Sur les basses surfaces de l'Ile de Ceylan (Lowlands topography in Sri Lanka)
Authors: Louchet André 
Published: December 2014

Abstracts. - The Western and Eastern lowlands of Ceylon, although characterized by the same lithological topics, reveal geomorphic features without any analogy. The study of those features do reveal a close relationship between the topography and the climate pattern, the island being divided in a wet and a dry zone.
The only doubtful point in this sequence is the stability of the climate in the past. The author emphasizes the fact that the monsoon contrast in South Asia should have been active since miocene times.
L'obsolescence planifiée. Pour en finir avec la grande dépression
Authors: London Bernard 
Published: December 2014

Pour London, désireux de trouver une solution à la crise et un remède au chômage de masse, la programmation de l’obsolescence est une pratique du type « prime à la casse » à systématiser. Son plaidoyer pour la consommation forcée vise moins la prospérité des capitalistes que, à travers celle-ci, le bien-être des masses populaires. Si l’intention philanthropique de l’auteur n’est pas douteuse, son projet témoigne d’une ignorance totale, caractéristique de l’époque, des conséquences écologiques de ce gaspillage systématique.