bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐year retention and risk factors for attrition among members of community ART groups in Tete, Mozambique
Authors: Decroo Tom , Koole Olivier , Remartinez Daniel , dos Santos Natacha , Dezembro Sergio , Jofrisse Mariano , Rasschaert Freya , Biot Marc , Laga Marie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveCommunity ART groups (CAG), peer support groups involved in community ART distribution and mutual psychosocial support, were piloted to respond to staggering antiretroviral treatment (ART) attrition in Mozambique. To understand the impact of CAG on long‐term retention, we estimated mortality and lost‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU) rates and assessed predictors for attrition.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Kaplan–Meier techniques were used to estimate mortality and LTFU in CAG. Individual‐ and CAG‐level predictors of attrition were assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for site‐level clustering.ResultsMortality and LTFU rates among 5729 CAG members were, respectively, 2.1 and 0.1 per 100 person‐years. Retention was 97.7% at 12 months, 96.0% at 24 months, 93.4% at 36 months and 91.8% at 48 months. At individual level, attrition in CAG was significantly associated with immunosuppression when joining a CAG, and being male. At CAG level, attrition was associated with lack of rotational representation at the clinic, lack of a regular CD4 count among fellow members and linkage to a rural or district clinic compared with linkage to a peri‐urban clinic.ConclusionsLong‐term retention in this community‐based ART model compares favourably with published data on stable ART patients. Nevertheless, to reduce attrition, further efforts need to be made to enrol patients earlier on ART, promote health‐seeking behaviour, especially for men, promote a strong peer dynamic to assure rotational representation at the clinic and regular CD4 follow‐up and reinforce referral of sick patients.
Family 34 glycosyltransferase (GT34) genes and proteins in Pinus radiata (radiata pine) and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)
Authors: Ade Carsten P. , Bemm Felix , Dickson James M.J. , Walter Christian , Harris Philip J. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryUsing a functional genomics approach, four candidate genes (PtGT34A, PtGT34B, PtGT34C and PtGT34D) were identified in Pinus taeda. These genes encode CAZy family GT34 glycosyltransferases that are involved in the synthesis of cell‐wall xyloglucans and heteromannans. The full‐length coding sequences of three orthologs (PrGT34A, B and C) were isolated from a xylem‐specific cDNA library from the closely related Pinus radiata. PrGT34B is the ortholog of XXT1 and XXT2, the two main xyloglucan (1→6)‐α‐xylosyltransferases in Arabidopsis thaliana. PrGT34C is the ortholog of XXT5 in A. thaliana, which is also involved in the xylosylation of xyloglucans. PrGT34A is an ortholog of a galactosyltransferase from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) that is involved in galactomannan synthesis. Truncated coding sequences of the genes were cloned into plasmid vectors and expressed in a Sf9 insect cell‐culture system. The heterologous proteins were purified, and in vitro assays showed that, when incubated with UDP‐xylose and cellotetraose, cellopentaose or cellohexaose, PrGT34B showed xylosyltransferase activity, and, when incubated with UDP‐galactose and the same cello‐oligosaccharides, PrGT34B showed some galactosyltransferase activity. The ratio of xylosyltransferase to galactosyltransferase activity was 434:1. Hydrolysis of the galactosyltransferase reaction products using galactosidases showed the linkages formed were α‐linkages. Analysis of the products of PrGT34B by MALDI‐TOF MS showed that up to three xylosyl residues were transferred from UDP‐xylose to cellohexaose. The heterologous proteins PrGT34A and PrGT34C showed no detectable enzymatic activity.
How Far Away is an Intangible? Services FDI and Distance
Authors: Davies Ronald B. , Guillin Amélie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) in services has grown significantly in recent years. Evidence of spatial relationships in FDI decisions have been provided for goods manufacturing by utilising physical distance‐based measures of trade costs. This paper investigates spatial interactions for services FDI using several distance measures, including physical distance, genetic distance and transport time. Across different measures of distance, the traditional determinants of outbound FDI activity remain valid for services. We also find spatial interdependence for services FDI that is generally supportive of export‐platform FDI.
Evaluation of anti‐Müllerian hormone in a dog with a Sertoli cell tumour
Authors: Ano Hitoshi , Hidaka Yuichi , Katamoto Hiromu 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundTesticular tumours are common in elderly male dogs, and Sertoli cell tumours (SCTs) are among the most common. An increase in blood estradiol concentration is often seen in canine SCTs, but such measurements do not necessarily correlate with the clinical signs.Case reportA 6‐year‐old male Pembroke Welsh corgi was referred for nonpruritic alopecia. Clinical examination revealed cryptorchidism of the right testicle, and blood tests showed an increased estradiol concentration. The cryptorchid testis was removed by laparotomy, and SCT was diagnosed histologically. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit designed to measure human anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) revealed a very high preoperative serum AMH concentration, which decreased after surgery. The serum AMH concentrations of two intact healthy control male dogs were lower than that of the dog with the SCT before treatment but higher than those of two healthy castrated male dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceCanine serum AMH concentrations, as measured by a human AMH enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, may be useful as a marker for canine SCT.
On the role of survivin as a stem cell biomarker of canine hair follicle and related tumours
Authors: Bongiovanni Laura , Di Diodoro Francesca , Della Salda Leonardo , Brachelente Chiara 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundSurvivin has been identified as one of the most cancer‐specific molecules, with a dual function of apoptosis inhibitor and orchestrator of cell division.Hypothesis/ObjectivesBased on our recent results obtained during the study of the role of survivin in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, we investigate its potential role in maintenance of stemness in both the normal canine hair follicle and related tumours.MethodsWe performed a simultaneous evaluation, by immunofluorescence, of the expression of survivin and CK15. CK15 was selected as a marker for epidermal and hair follicle stem cells, based on its ability to identify hair follicle stem cells in the normal hair follicle and in canine follicular tumours. In this study, six cases were selected from the cases of hair follicle tumours evaluated in previous studies, based on the highest immunoreactivity for survivin and CK15. Three samples of healthy canine skin were also included as a normal control.ResultsA partial co‐localization of the molecules was observed in normal hair follicles, as well as in trichoepitheliomas and trichoblastomas. In particular, a different co‐expression was observed in relationship to the hair follicle cycle stage.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese findings suggest that survivin could play an important role in the maintenance of the hair follicle cycle as well as in tumour initiation and maintenance of cancer stem cells.
A New Solution for CAE Process Automation and Customization: LMS Virtual.Lab Composer
Authors: Conti Giancarlo , De Cuyper Joris 
Published: February 2014

Automation and customization capabilities are becoming one of the most important trends for CAE industry, allowing to fulfill some important needs like improving productivity, increasing value-added time and establishing best practices. The state of the art to meet these requirements is the usage of dedicated applications, also called “verticals”, which enable end-users to save time by automating repetitive tasks, as well as to capture best practices and to manage complex processes with simple, user-friendly interfaces. Within the LMS CAE development suite Virtual.Lab one could already create MS Visual Basic scripts and stand-alone executables, by either programming or macro journaling, where different expertise levels of VB programming were required depending on the complexity of the desired application.
A new solution, called LMS Virtual.Lab Composer, takes it even further: it dramatically improves the development process of verticals by providing dedicated MS Visual Basic controls which allow non-expert users to easily build dedicated applications without need of any extensive programming knowledge. Two examples of verticals created with Virtual.Lab Composer for different multi-body technology based applications are shown in this paper: LMS Driving Dynamics for vehicle’s driving dynamic assessment and a tool for engine mount suspension design.
The Evaluation of a Virtual-Aided Design Engineering Review (VADER) System for Automated Knowledge Capture and Reuse
Authors: Sung Raymond C. W. , Ritchie James M. , Lim Theodore , Sivanathan Aparajithan , Chantler Mike J. 
Published: February 2014

Conducting knowledge capture and embedding it into a products’ through lifecycle remains a key issue in engineering industries; particularly with regard to rationale associated knowledge emanating during formal design reviews. Manual, and often interruptive, methods with associated costly overheads, exacerbate the already time consuming process. As well as these disadvantages, manual methods can potentially capture the wrong data due to human error or not fully-capturing all the pertinent information and associated relationships. Consequently, industries are seeking automated engineering knowledge capture and rationale that adds value to product and processes, potentially reaping the benefits of time and cost. Previous work by the authors proved how user-logging in virtual environments aid unobtrusive capture of engineering knowledge and rationale in design tasks.
This paper advances the work further through a Virtual Aided Design Engineering Review (VADER) system developed to automatically and unobtrusively capture both multimodal human-computer and human-human interactivity during design reviews via the synchronous time-phased logging of software interactions, product models, audio, video and input devices. By processing the captured data review reports and records can be automatically generated as well as allowing fast knowledge retrieval. The backbone of VADER is a multimodal device and data fusion architecture to capture and synchronise structured and unstructured data in realtime. Visualisation is through a 3D virtual environment. In addition to allowing engineers to visualise and annotate 3D design models, the system provides a timeline interface to search and visualise the captured decisions from a design review.
The VADER system has been put through its initial industrial trial and reported herein. Objective and subjective analysis indicate the VADER system is intuitive to use and can lead to savings in both time and cost with regard to project reviews.
Dynamics of Assembled Structures: Taking Into Account the Surface Defects in Interfaces
Authors: Peyret Nicolas , Chevallier Gaël , Dion Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2014

In structural dynamics, the prediction of damping remains the biggest challenge. This paper deals with the energy losses caused by micro-slip in a nominally planar interface of a structure. This paper proposes an analytical and experimental study of flexural vibrations of a clamped-clamped beam with innovative position of the interfaces.
The objective of this test bench is to characterize the global rheology of the interface. The proposed model aims to characterize this rheology based on local settings of the interface.
First, the test bench is described and the choice of the position of the interface is justified. The experimental bench and the dynamic behavior of this structure are presented. We propose to illustrate the mechanism of energy losses by micro-slip by making a comparison between the behavior of a “monolithic” beam and a sectioned beam.
Secondly, a modeling of the interface taking into account the surface defect is presented. The energy dissipated by friction in the interface is calculated during a loading cycle. This leads to a computation of the dissipated energy and thus to a nonlinear loss factor.
Finally, we confront the loss factor calculated analytically and the measured one.
Experimental Study of Torsional-Bending Coupled Vibration of a Rotor System With a Bladed Disk
Authors: Kudo Takeshi , Shiohata Koki , Matsushita Osami , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Okabe Akira , Sakurai Shigeo 
Published: February 2014

An experimental investigation was conducted to confirm the bending-torsion coupled vibration of a rotor system with a bladed disk.
For a rotor with relatively long blades such as in the latest low-pressure steam turbines, coupled vibration with shaft torsional vibration represents the bladed disk natural frequency of a nodal diameter (k) of zero (umbrella mode). Today this well-known behavior is reflected in the design of steam turbine rotor systems to prevent the blade vibration resonance due to torque excitation caused by the electric power grid, a standard for which is proposed by ISO 22266-1.
The bending-torsion coupled resonance of rotor systems occurs, however, under specific conditions due to rotor unbalance. When the rotor’s rotational speed (Ω) is equal to the sum/difference of the bending natural frequency (ωb) and torsional natural frequency (ωθ), namely, Ω = ωθ ± ωb, there is coupled resonance, which was experimentally observed with a rotor with a relatively simplified shape.
In this study, the test apparatus for a flexible rotor system equipped with a shrouded bladed disk driven by an electric motor was constructed to confirm the vibration characteristics, by envisioning the bending-torsion coupled resonance as applied to actual rotor systems of turbo machinery. A radial active magnetic bearing (AMB) was employed to support the rotor by controlling bearing stiffness and damping, and applying lateral directional excitation of forward and backward whirl to the rotor. A servomotor was also equipped at the end of the rotor system to excite the torsional vibration.
The resonance of a bladed disk with nodal diameter (k) of zero, which was coupled with the rotor’s torsional vibration, was observed under the above condition (Ω = ωθ − ωb) through AMB excitation of the rotor’s bending natural frequency. Conversely, the torsional excitation caused by the servomotor was confirmed as causing the coupled resonance of rotor bending vibration.
Non-Dimensional Kinetoelastostatic Maps for Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Bhargav Santosh D. B. , Varma Harish I. , Ananthasuresh G. K. 
Published: February 2014

How do we assess the capability of a compliant mechanism of given topology and shape? The kinetoelastostatic maps proposed in this paper help answer this question. These maps are drawn in 2D using two non-dimensional quantities, one capturing the nonlinear static response and the other the geometry, material, and applied forces. Geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis is used to create the maps for compliant mechanisms consisting of slender beams. In addition to the topology and shape, the overall proportions and the proportions of the cross-sections of the beam segments are kept fixed for a map. The finite region of the map is parameterized using a non-dimensional quantity defined as the slenderness ratio. The shape and size of the map and the parameterized curves inside it indicate the complete kinetoelastostatic capability of the corresponding compliant mechanism of given topology, shape, and fixed proportions.
Static responses considered in this paper include input/output displacement, geometric amplification, mechanical advantage, maximum stress, etc. The maps can be used to compare mechanisms, to choose a suitable mechanism for an application, or re-design as may be needed. The usefulness of the non-dimensional maps is presented with multiple applications of different variety. Non-dimensional portrayal of snap-through mechanisms is one such example. The effect of the shape of the cross-section of the beam segments and the role of different segments in the mechanism as well as extension to 3D compliant mechanisms, the cases of multiple inputs and outputs, and moment loads are also explained. The effects of disproportionate changes on the maps are also analyzed.
Using Morphing Techniques in Early Variation Analysis
Authors: Wagersten Ola , Lindau Björn , Lindkvist Lars , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: February 2014

Today, in order to be competitive in a fierce global car market, higher demands are placed on the Perceived Quality (PQ) of the products. The end customer’s visual impression of fit and finish are one of several factors influencing the overall PQ. When assessing the PQ of split-lines, the assumed geometric variation of the ingoing parts is an important prerequisite for trustworthy visualization and for correct judgments. To facilitate early decision making in conceptual phases, new demands are set on virtual tools and methods to support the engineers.
In this study, a method for early evaluation of the impact of geometrical variation on PQ of split-lines is proposed. Starting from an exterior styling model, mesh morphing techniques have been used to distort the exterior model according to measurement data acquired in running production. Morphing techniques have also been used to adopt previous structural design solutions onto the new styling, in order to make an early assumption of the assembly stiffness.
The used method is described and adopted in an industrial case. The study shows that the presented technique can be used to create continuous and correlated datasets. Non-rigid part behavior can be included in early PQ evaluations, even if final CAD/FEA engineering design models do not yet exist.
Evaluating the Performance of Constraint Formulations for Multibody Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Flickinger Daniel Montrallo , Williams Jedediyah , Trinkle Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2014

Contemporary software systems used in the dynamic simulation of rigid bodies suffer from problems in accuracy, performance, and robustness. Significant allowances for parameter tuning, coupled with the careful implementation of a broad phase collision detection scheme is required to make dynamic simulation useful for practical applications. A geometrically accurate constraint formulation, the Polyhedral Exact Geometry method, is presented. The Polyhedral Exact Geometry formulation is similar to the well-known Stewart-Trinkle formulation, but extended to produce unilateral constraints that are geometrically correct in cases where polyhedral bodies have a locally non-convex free space. The PEG method is less dependent on broad-phase collision detection or system tuning than similar methods, demonstrated by several examples.
Uncomplicated benchmark examples are presented to analyze and compare the new Polyhedral Exact Geometry formulation with the well-known Stewart-Trinkle and Anitescu-Potra methods. The behavior and performance for the methods are discussed. This includes specific cases where contemporary methods fail to match theorized and observed system states in simulation, and how they are ameliorated by PEG.
Design and Optimization of a Bend-and-Sweep Compliant Mechanism
Authors: Tummala Yashwanth , Frecker Mary , Wissa Aimy , Hubbard James E. 
Published: February 2014

A novel contact aided compliant mechanism called a bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism is presented. This mechanism has tailorable nonlinear stiffness properties in two orthogonal directions. The fundamental element of this compliant mechanism is the Angled Compliant Joint (ACJ), and the geometric parameters determine the stiffness. This paper presents the design and optimization of such a compliant mechanism.
A multi-objective optimization problem was formulated for design optimization of the bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism. The objectives of the optimization problem were to maximize the bending and sweep displacements while minimizing the von Mises stress and mass of each mechanism. This optimization problem was solved using NSGA-II (a genetic algorithm). The results of this optimization for a single ACJ during upstroke and downstroke are presented. Results of two different loading conditions used during optimization of a single ACJ for upstroke are presented. Finally, optimization results comparing the performance of compliant mechanisms with one and two ACJs are also presented. It can be inferred from these results that the number of ACJs and the design of each ACJ determines the stiffness of the bend-and-sweep compliant mechanism. These mechanisms can be used in various applications.
Ornithopters or flapping wing unmanned aerial vehicles have unique potential to revolutionize both civil and military applications. The overall goal of this research is to improve the performance of such ornithopters by passively morphing their wings. Passive wing morphing of ornithopters can be achieved by inserting contact-aided compliant mechanisms in the leading edge wing spar. Previously the authors have shown that bending of ornithopter wings can be achieved by integrating a one degree of freedom contact aided compliant mechanism called a compliant spine. The spine was inserted into the leading edge spar and successful flight testing has shown that passive wing bending in ornithopters is feasible and results in significant improvements in lift and thrust. In order to achieve a bio-inspired wing gait called continuous vortex gait, the wings of the ornithopter need to bend, sweep, and twist simultaneously. This can be achieved by using the bend-and-sweep compliant presented in this paper.
Torsional Vibration Detection Using High Sampling Rate and High Resolution Keyphasor Information
Authors: Luo Huageng , Chumai Roengchai , Peton Nicolas , Howard Brian , Menon Arun 
Published: February 2014

Torsional vibration excitation in rotating machinery can cause system reliability issues or even catastrophic failures. Torsional vibration detection and monitoring becomes an important step in rotating machinery condition monitoring, especially for those machines driven by a variable frequency drive (VFD), a pulse width modulation motor (PWM), or a synchronous motor (SM), etc. Traditionally, the torsional vibration is detected by a phase demodulation process applied to the signals generated by tooth wheels or optical encoders. This demodulation based method has a few unfavorable issues: the installation of the tooth wheels needs to interrupt the machinery normal operation; the installation of the optical barcode is relatively easier, however, it suffers from short term survivability in harsh industrial environments. The geometric irregularities in the tooth wheel and the end discontinuity in the optical encoder will sometimes introduce overwhelming contaminations from shaft order response and its harmonics. In addition, the Hilbert Transform based phase demodulation technique has inevitable errors caused by the edge effect in FFT and IFFT analyses. Fortunately, in many industrial rotating machinery applications, the torsional vibration resonant frequency is usually low and the Keyphasor® and/or encoder for speed monitoring is readily available. Thus, it is feasible to use existing hardware for torsional vibration detection.
In this paper, we present a signal processing approach which used the Keyphasor/encoder data digitized by a high sampling rate and high digitization resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) convertor to evaluate the torsional vibration directly. A wavelet decomposition (WD) based method was used to separate the torsional vibration from the shaft speed, so that the time history of the torsional vibrations can be extracted without significant distortions. The developed approach was then validated through a synchronous motor fan drive and an industrial power generation system. Detailed results are presented and discussed in this paper.