bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing semi‐supervised contrastive learning through saliency map for diabetic retinopathy grading
Authors: Zhang Jiacheng , Jin Rong , Liu Wenqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe ophthalmic condition that can lead to blindness if not diagnosed and provided timely treatment. Hence, the development of efficient automated DR grading systems is crucial for early screening and treatment. Although progress has been made in DR detection using deep learning techniques, these methods still face challenges in handling the complexity of DR lesion characteristics and the nuances in grading criteria. Moreover, the performance of these algorithms is hampered by the scarcity of large‐scale, high‐quality annotated data. An innovative semi‐supervised fundus image DR grading framework is proposed, employing a saliency estimation map to bolster the model's perception of fundus structures, thereby improving the differentiation between lesions and healthy regions. By integrating semi‐supervised and contrastive learning, the model's ability to recognise inter‐class and intra‐class variations in DR grading is enhanced, allowing for precise discrimination of various lesion features. Experiments conducted on publicly available DR grading datasets, such as EyePACS and Messidor, have validated the effectiveness of our proposed method. Specifically, our approach outperforms the state of the art on the kappa metric by 0.8% on the full EyePACS dataset and by 3.2% on a 10% subset of EyePACS, demonstrating its superiority over previous methodologies. The authors’ code is publicly available at https://github.com/500ZhangJC/SCL‐SEM‐framework‐for‐DR‐Grading.
Multi‐objective multiperiod stable environmental economic power dispatch considering probabilistic wind and solar PV generation
Authors: Ali Aamir , Aslam Sumbal , Mirsaeidi Sohrab , Mugheri Noor Hussain , Memon Riaz Hussain , Abbas Ghulam , Alnuman Hammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe economic‐environmental power dispatch (EEPD) problem, a widely studied bi‐objective non‐linear optimization challenge in power systems, traditionally focuses on the economic dispatch of thermal generators without considering network security constraints. However, environmental sustainability necessitates reducing emissions and increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electrical grid. The integration of high levels of RES, such as wind and solar PV, introduces stability issues due to their uncertain and intermittent nature. This article addresses these concerns by formulating and solving the economic environmental and stable power dispatch (EESPD) problem, which includes fixed zonal reserve capacity from conventional thermal generators and uncertain reserves from RES. Uncertainties in RES and load demand are modelled using random variable generation techniques, applying Gaussian, Weibull, and log‐normal probability density functions (PDFs) for load demand, wind velocity, and solar irradiance, respectively. The stochastic EESPD problem extends to multiple periods by replicating the single‐period problem for each interval in the planning horizon, linking periods through intertemporal ramping costs, physical ramp rate, and fixed zonal reserve constraints on dispatch variables. Multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have gained prominence for solving complex non‐linear problems involving multi‐objective functions. This article applies the latest MOEAs to tackle the proposed EESPD problem, incorporating stochastic wind and solar PV power sources. Network security constraints, such as transmission line capacities and bus voltage limits, are considered along with constraints on generator capabilities and intertemporal spinning reserves, ramp‐up and ramp‐down constraints for thermal generators. A bidirectional coevolutionary‐based multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm is employed, integrating an advanced constraint‐handling technique to ensure compliance with system constraints. The simulation results show that the proposed formulation achieves a better trade‐off between various conflicting objective functions compared to other state‐of‐the‐art MOEAs.
Professionelle Gesundheitskompetenz von Hausärzt:innen – Ergebnisse
des HLS-PROF
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Griese Lennert , Haarmann Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Bisher existieren nur wenige Studien zur Gesundheitskompetenz (GK)
der Gesundheitsprofessionen. Wurde sie untersucht, stand die persönliche, nicht
die professionelle GK im Vordergrund. Deshalb wurde in einem
Dreiländerkonsortium ein neues Konzept und ein darauf basierendes
Erhebungsinstrument erarbeitet. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, auf der Basis damit
erhobenen Daten, die professionelle GK von Ärzt:innen zu untersuchen.
Methode Das genutzte Messinstrument besteht aus 34 Items und misst die
subjektiven Schwierigkeiten in vier bei der Förderung der GK von Patient:innen
zu bewältigenden Aufgabenbereichen: „Informations- und Wissensmanagement“,
„Informations- und Wissensvermittlung“, „Patientenzentrierte Kommunikation“,
„Professionelle digitale GK“. Im Sommer 2022 wurden 297 Allgemeinärzt:innen und
hausärztlich tätige Internist:innen online zu ihrer professionellen GK befragt.
Die professionelle GK (Punktwert 0–100) wurde deskriptiv sowie im Zusammenhang
mit dem Geschlecht, und ausgewählten berufsbezogenen und organisatorischen
Merkmalen mittels multipler linearer Regression untersucht.
Ergebnisse Die Befragten erreichen je nach Aufgabenbereich rund die Hälfte
bis knapp drei Viertel der möglichen Punktzahl. Der Aufgabenbereich
„Patientenzentrierte Kommunikation“ wird am einfachsten eingeschätzt, gefolgt
vom „Informations- und Wissensmanagement“ und der „Informations- und
Wissensvermittlung“. Am schwierigsten fällt der Bereich „Professionelle digitale
GK“. In der multivariaten Analyse steht die professionelle GK mit dem
Geschlecht, den organisatorischen Rahmen- und Ausbildungsbedingungen, der
Berufsdauer und dem Zurechtkommen mit der digitalen Informationsvielfalt in
Zusammenhang, wobei der Zusammenhang nach Aufgabenbereich variiert und zum Teil
eher schwach ausgeprägt ist.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen wie wichtig es ist, die
professionelle GK von Ärzt:innen zu fördern und liefern zugleich Hinweise
darauf, wo dabei anzusetzen ist. Zudem legen sie nahe, die multivariaten
Regressionsmodelle um andere Determinanten zu erweitern, da die einbezogenen
Variablen teilweise nur wenig Varianz erklären.
Rhytidectomy Incision Techniques and Scar Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Liu Katherine Y. , Chou David W. , Verma Hannah , Sehgal Gavneet , Gregory Jill K. , Gidumal Sunder , Husain Solomon , Kontis Theda C. , Abraham Manoj T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough scar outcomes in rhytidectomy are crucial to patients and surgeons alike, there is a lack of consensus on incision techniques for optimizing rhytidectomy scars. A comprehensive scoping review of the literature was performed on rhytidectomy incision techniques and associated scar outcomes.The PRISMA protocol was utilized to conduct a scoping review of the literature through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index databases to identify articles discussing rhytidectomy incision techniques and scar outcomes.A total of 49 studies were included in this scoping review. Four themes were identified related to rhytidectomy scars within these studies: temporal incision placement, tragal incision placement, lobule management, and postauricular incision design. Techniques within each theme were described and reported scar outcomes summarized.There are many approaches to rhytidectomy incisions described in the literature, with reportedly low rates of scar complications for each of the techniques described. It cannot be elucidated which techniques are superior due to the heterogeneity of outcomes reported in the literature with significant variability in outcome measures, study design, and follow-up time. Future studies should focus on utilizing a standardized rating system to aid in objective determination of the superiority of one technique versus another.
Level of Evidence: Level I
Thermal optimization of a high heat load liquid-metal-bath cooled mirror at the Hefei Advanced Light Facility
Authors: Lin Minghao , Chen Jie , Wang Zimeng , Jiang Shuaikang , Wang Qiuping , Du Xuewei 
Published: August 2024

Within the beamlines of diffraction-limited storage rings, the liquid-metal-bath cooling scheme is a prevalent choice for the cooling of high-heat load mirrors. This study employs the finite element analysis method to evaluate the thermal deformations of liquid-metal-bath horizontally deflecting mirrors in the Hefei Advanced Light Facility. In particular, we introduce a novel optimization strategy to obtain the optimal thermal deformation scenario, which also satisfies mechanical design requirements. Moreover, a concurrent optimization approach across multiple structural parameters of mirrors is adopted to attain globally optimal thermal deformation. Following the optimization of the mirror’s structural parameters, the curvature radius increases to 227 km, while the residual slope error decreases to 36.3 nrad at 6 eV in the meridian direction. The ray tracing analysis of the beam demonstrates a considerable reduction in the influence of thermal deformation on the beam’s focal point. This work proposes an optimization method for designing cooling schemes under mechanical constraints.
Label-free characterization of pathological changes in the portal area of liver fibrosis tissue using multiphoton imaging and quantitative image analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Lian Yuan-E , Yu XunBin , Huang Xingxin , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Jingyi , Chen Jianxin , Li Lianhuang , Bai Yannan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Liver fibrosis plays a crucial role in the progression of liver diseases and serves as a pivotal stage leading to the development of liver cirrhosis and cancer. It typically initiates from portal area with various pathological characteristics. In this article, we employed multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to characterize the pathological changes in the portal areas of liver fibrosis tissues, and subsequently, we used our developed image analysis method to extract eight collagen morphological features from MPM images and also combined a deep learning method with a cell nuclear feature extraction algorithm to perform automatic nuclei segmentation and quantitative analysis in the H&E-stained histopathology images of portal areas. Our results demonstrate that MPM can effectively identify various pathological features in portal areas, and there are significant differences in four collagen features (collagen proportionate area, number, length and width) between normal and abnormal portal areas and in four nuclear features (mean ratio of axial length, disorder of distance to 3, 5 and 7 nearest neighbors) between normal portal area, bile duct hyperplasia and periductal fibrosis. Therefore, a combination of MPM and image-based quantitative analysis may be considered as a rapid and effective means to monitor histopathological changes in portal area and offer new insights into liver fibrosis.
Combined effect of strain and intrinsic spin–orbit coupling on band gap engineering of GNRs: a first-principles study
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Pratap Surender , Trivedi Ravi , Chakraborty Brahmananda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
By employing first-principles calculations, we theoretically investigate the impact of uniaxial strain and intrinsic spin–orbit coupling (SOC) on the electronic properties of zigzag and armchair edge hydrogen (H)-passivated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). We find that band structure and density of states of 4-zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) and 15-armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) are highly sensitive to the combined effect of strain and intrinsic SOC. In the case of H-passivated 4-ZGNR, SOC with a strain

>

10% increases the energy band by increasing spin-polarized states at the opposite edges. In contrast to 4-ZGNR, the oscillatory behavior of band gap of H-passivated 15-AGNR is preserved in the presence of strain and SOC. Moreover, for both types of GNRs (zigzag and armchair), the presence of strain and intrinsic SOC preserve spin symmetry.
Topological phases of tight-binding trimer lattice in the BDI symmetry class
Authors: Ghuneim Mohammad , Weda Bomantara Raditya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we theoretically study a modified Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model in which each unit cell consists of three sites. Unlike existing extensions of the SSH model which are made by enlarging the periodicity of the (nearest-neighbor) hopping amplitudes, our modification is obtained by replacing the Pauli matrices in the system’s Hamiltonian by their higher dimensional counterparts. This, in turn, leads to the presence of next-nearest neighbor hopping terms and the emergence of different symmetries than those of other extended SSH models. Moreover, the system supports a number of edge states that are protected by a combination of particle-hole, time-reversal, and chiral symmetry. Finally, our system could be potentially realized in various experimental platforms including superconducting circuits as well as acoustic/optical waveguide arrays.
Controllable synthesis of porous boron nitride fibers modified by cobalt and nickel oxides for efficient ceftriaxone sodium adsorption from aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Dong , Yang Shaobo , Yan Song , Gu Yaxin , Fang Yi , Cao Chaochao , Tang Chengchun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Antibiotics can easily enter the water environment through direct or indirect approach, causing environmental pollution and endangering the health of organisms. Therefore, development of highly efficient adsorbent materials to adsorb and remove antibiotics is necessary. Here, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide are uniformly and tightly bonded on the surface of porous boron nitride fibers (PBNFs-NiCo), increasing the number of functional groups (B–O and N–H) and hydrogen bond receptors within PBNFs. The total pore volume and specific surface area of resulting PBNFs-NiCo can reach up to 0.48 cm3 g−1 and 720.3 m2 g−1, respectively. Encouraged by the unique micromorphology and chemical composition mentioned above, PBNFs-NiCo exhibits excellent ceftriaxone sodium (CS) adsorption ability, showing the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency up to 410.9 mg g−1 and 96.5%, respectively. Chemical adsorption plays an important role in their adsorption behavior, abiding by Langmuir adsorption theory and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Importantly, PBNFs-NiCo exhibits fascinating adsorption effects in surroundings with pH ranging from 4 to 6, 25 °C and varying salt concentrations. This work would establish a practical and feasible foundation for the practical application of PBNFs-NiCo for CS adsorption in aqueous solution.
Optimal pinwheel partitions for the Yamabe equation
Authors: Clapp Mónica , Faya Jorge , Saldaña Alberto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We establish the existence of an optimal partition for the Yamabe equation in

R

N

made up of mutually linearly isometric sets, each of them invariant under the action of a group of linear isometries. To do this, we establish the existence of a solution to a weakly coupled competitive Yamabe system, whose components are invariant under the action of the group, and each of them is obtained from the previous one by composing it with a linear isometry. We show that, as the coupling parameter goes to

−
∞

, the components of the solutions segregate and give rise to an optimal partition that has the properties mentioned above. Finally, taking advantage of the symmetries considered, we establish the existence of infinitely many sign-changing solutions for the Yamabe equation in

R

N

that are different from those previously found by Ding, and del Pino, Musso, Pacard and Pistoia.
A single-bubble source for gravitational waves in a cosmological phase transition
Authors: Blum Kfir , Mirbabayi Mehrdad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We show that quantum fluctuations of an expanding phase transition bubble give rise to gravitational wave (GW) emission, even when considering a single bubble, without bubble collisions or plasma effects. The ratio of GW energy to the total bubble energy reservoir increases with time as ∝ t. If the bubble expands for long enough before percolation destroys it, back-reaction due to the GW emission becomes important after t
br ~ (16π5)m
pl
2
R
0
3, where R
0 is the bubble nucleation radius and m
pl is the reduced Planck mass. As seen by experiments today, the GW energy spectrum would appear blue.
However, simple estimates suggest that the signal falls short of detection by even ambitious future experiments.
Prediction of plasma rotation velocity and ion temperature profiles in EAST Tokamak using artificial neural network models
Authors: Lin Zichao , Zhang Hongming , Wang Fudi , Bae Cheonho , Fu Jia , Shen Yongcai , Dai Shuyu , Jin Yifei , Lu Dian , Fu Shengyu , Ji Huajian , Lyu Bo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Artificial neural network models have been developed to predict rotation velocity and ion temperature profiles on the EAST tokamak based on spectral measurements from the x-ray crystal spectrometer. Both Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been employed to infer line-integrated ion temperatures. The predicted results from these two models exhibit a strong correlation with the target values, providing an opportunity for cross-validation to enhance prediction accuracy. Notably, the computational speed of these models has been significantly increased, surpassing traditional methods by over tenfold. Furthermore, the investigation of input data range and error prediction serves as the foundation for future automated calculation process. Finally, CNNs have also been employed to predict line-integrated rotation velocity profiles and inverted ion temperature profiles for their robustness in the training process. It is noted that these algorithms are not restricted to any specific physics model and can be readily adapted to various fusion devices.
Influence of titanium carbide particles on the characteristics of microarc oxidation layer on Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Wei Leyu , Shao Yufei , Li Wenqiang , Feng Zaiqiang , Yan Zhenwei , Wang Feng , Li Ningning , Li Gang , Tang Mingqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Microarc Oxidation (MAO) layer on titanium alloy was mainly composed of TiO2, and there were some defects, such as holes and cracks, which made the performance of the MAO layer not ideal. To enhance the properties of the MAO layer, titanium carbide (TiC) particles were added to the electrolyte of a phosphate–silicate system as an additive. Consequently, the MAO layers containing the TiC phase on Ti6Al4V alloy were produced. The MAO process, composition, microstructure, and hardness of the MAO layer were comprehensively analyzed. Their frictional performance was assessed under reciprocating friction conditions without lubrication. The findings suggested that added TiC particles in the electrolyte played a significant role in creating the MAO layer, enhancing its thickness. The electrolyte without TiC particles produced an MAO layer primarily composed of TiO2 in two different mineral forms (rutile and anatase). Adding TiC particles resulted in the presence of TiC within the MAO layer, thereby facilitating the formation of a reinforced oxide layer. This addition also led to an improvement in the densification of the layer and a reduction in porosity. Notably, corrosion resistance testing indicated that incorporating 6 g l−1 TiC into the electrolyte resulted in superior performance compared with that obtained from the base electrolyte alone by achieving 1.4 times higher corrosion resistance. Moreover, a hardness value of 690 HV for the MAO layer was attained at a content level of 9 g l−1 TiC, demonstrating a significant 65% enhancement compared to the base oxide layer. This finding also demonstrated significantly enhanced friction property with a wear-volume reduction to 0.81 mm3. The findings on the relationship between the preparation of the MAO layer and its structure and properties can provide valuable guidance for designing and preparing the MAO layer.
Optical control of berry curvature in gated WSe2 bilayers
Authors: Rehman Majeed Ur , Rahman Zia Ur , Rahman Azizur , Ahmad Waqas , Ullah Sadeeq 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unlike single layers of 2H transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), bilayers of 2H TMDCs maintain inversion and time reversal (TR) symmetries, resulting in a vanishing Berry curvature (

Ω
(
k
)
∼
0
)

that inhibits various potential transport phenomena. A nonzero Berry curvature

(
Ω
(
k
)
≠
0
)

is imperative for the occurrence of several unconventional transport phenomena, including the anomalous Hall effect and the anomalous Nernst effect. To overcome this limitation, we break these symmetries in bilayer TMDCs using electrostatic gating and circularly polarized light as external means. For non-gated WSe2 bilayers, circularly polarized light breaks TR symmetry, creating a finite Berry curvature signal in both conduction and valence bands, controllable by light intensity and its polarity. In gated WSe2 bilayers, where inversion symmetry is also broken, we observe a sign reversal in Berry curvature within the conduction bands, the extent of which depends on the relative strengths of the electric gating and light intensity. Overall, under finite bias and light intensity, the 2H bilayers of WSe2 exhibits finite spin Hall, valley Hall, and anomalous Hall conductivities, which depend on the strengths of the applied perturbations.
Effect of addition of Ce and accumulative roll bonding on structure-property of the Mg-Ce-Al hybrid composite and its prediction and comparison using artificial neural network (ANN) approach
Authors: Anne Gajanan , Bhat Nagaraj , H M Vishwanatha , S Ramesh , B H Maruthi Prashanth , Sharma Priyaranjan , S Aditya Kudva , Jagadeesh C , Nanjappa Yashwanth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Light alloys play a crucial role in realizing the national strategy for energy conservation and emission reduction, as well as promoting the upgrading of manufacturing industries. Mg/Al composite laminates combine the corrosion resistance and ductility of aluminium alloy with the lightweight characteristics of magnesium alloy. The addition of Ce (rare earth elements) can improve the mechanical properties of magnesium via grain refinement and improve the ductility of the hybrid composites. In the present work, an investigation on addition of Ce into the Mg/Al matrix through Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) has been presented. The Mg/Ce/Al hybrid composite consists of Mg-4%Zn alloy and Al 1100 alloy with 0.2% Ce particles added between the dissimilar layers. The changes occurred in the evaluation of microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties of the Mg/Ce/Al hybrid composite as a result of deformation process and also the addition of Ce have been explicated. The ARB parameters: temperature, rolling speed, percentage reduction, and aging time, have been studied. An increase of about 2.36 times in strength and hardness of the hybrid composite, has been reported. Further, the structure–property relations in the Mg/Ce/Al hybrid composites were aslo predict and compare using machine learning models: Decision Tree and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models.