bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCMV-infected maize attracts its insect vector Frankliniella occidentalis by inducing β-myrcene
Authors: Huang Weiling , Wei Shujun , Zhou Tao , Fan Zaifeng , Cao Lijun , Li Zhihong , Guo Shaokun 
Published: August 2024

Maize lethal necrosis is attributed to the accumulation of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV), an invasive virus transmitted by insect vectors. The western flower thrips (WFT) can shift host to maize, thus promoting the spread of MCMV. However, our understanding of the characteristics and interactions involved in the transmission of MCMV is still limited. This study finds that non-viruliferous WFTs showed a 57.56% higher preference for MCMV-infected maize plants compared to healthy maize plants, while viruliferous WFTs showed a 53.70% higher preference for healthy maize plants compared to MCMV-infected maize plants. We also show for the first time that both adults and larvae of WFT could successfully acquire MCMV after 1 min of acquisition access period (AAP), and after 48 h of AAP, WFT could transmit MCMV in an inoculation access period of 1 h without a latent period. Both adults and larvae of WFT can transmit MCMV for up to 2 days. Furthermore, the decreasing number of viruliferous WFTs and transmission rates as time progressed, together with the transcriptomic evidence, collectively suggest that WFTs transmit MCMV in a semi-persistent method, a mode of transmission requiring minutes to several hours for acquisition access and having a retention time of several hours to a few days. Additionally, β-myrcene can attract WFTs significantly and is detected in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently expressing MCMV CP (coat protein), which is consistent with results in MCMV-infected maize plants through the metabolomic profiling and the preference analyses of WFT. Therefore, this study demonstrates the indirect interaction between MCMV and WFT by inducing maize to synthesize β-myrcene to attract insect vectors. The exploration of specific interactions between MCMV and WFT could help to expand the mechanism studies of virus–vector–host plant interaction and put forward a new insight for the combined control of MCMV and WFT through the manipulation of plant volatiles and key insect genes.
Study on chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of Dianthus caryophyllus L.
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Shen Qiuyu , Pang Jianyu , Mao Yu , Li Xiaofei , Tao Yanxia , Tang Wenru , Sun Ruifen , Zhou Xuhong 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveCarnation is a plant that holds high value in terms of its edibility, medicinal properties, and ornamental appeal. Creating no sense he aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antitumor properties of extracts derived from various parts of the carnation plant. Metabolomics technology was employed to identify the primary chemical constituents.MethodsInitially, we measured the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in carnation roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, followed by assessing the antioxidant and anti-tumor capabilities of each component using diverse experimental methods. Subsequently, UPLC-MS/MS was employed to identify metabolites in different parts of carnation and investigate their roles in antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.ResultsMention numerical value- for better underatnding- Results of the study indicated that the methanol extract obtained from carnation flowers and roots exhibited superior antioxidant capacity compared to that from the stems and leaves. This disparity may be attributed to the abundance of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants present in the flowers, including methyl ferulate and luteolin-4’-O-glucoside. Furthermore, the significant presence of the anthraquinone compound rhein-8-O-glucoside in carnation roots may contribute to their enhanced antioxidant properties. Ten distinct compounds were isolated and recognized in carnation flowers, with Isoorientin 2”-O-rhamnoside and Kurarinone demonstrating notable antioxidant activity and binding affinity to SOD1 and SOD3, as validated through antioxidant screening and molecular docking.ConclusionOverall, the findings from this study have expanded our knowledge of the phytochemical composition across different anatomical regions of the carnation plant, providing valuable insights for its holistic utilization.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the promoting effects of exogenous melatonin on the selenium uptake in grape under selenium stress
Authors: Wang Jin , Lu Yuhang , Xing Shanshan , Yang Jinman , Liu Lei , Huang Kewen , Liang Dong , Xia Hui , Zhang Xiaoli , Lv Xiulan , Lin Lijin 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionExogenous melatonin (MT) can promote horticultural crops growth under stress conditions.MethodsIn this study, the effects of exogenous MT on the accumulation of selenium (Se) in grape were studied under Se stress.Results and discussionUnder Se stress, exogenous MT increased the biomass, content of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activity of grapevines. Compared with Se treatment, MT increased the root biomass, shoot biomass, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase activity, and peroxidase activity by 18.11%, 7.71%, 25.70%, 25.00%, 25.93%, 5.73%, and 9.41%, respectively. Additionally, MT increased the contents of gibberellin, auxin, and MT in grapevines under Se stress, while it decreased the content of abscisic acid. MT increased the contents of total Se, organic Se and inorganic Se in grapevines. Compared with Se treatment, MT increased the contents of total Se in the roots and shoots by 48.82% and 135.66%, respectively. A transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that MT primarily regulated the cellular, metabolic, and bioregulatory processes of grapevine under Se stress, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily enriched in pathways, such as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, spliceosome, and flavonoid biosynthesis. These involved nine DEGs and nine metabolic pathways in total. Moreover, a field experiment showed that MT increased the content of Se in grapes and improved their quality. Therefore, MT can alleviate the stress of Se in grapevines and promote their growth and the accumulation of Se.
Factors associated with diet quality of adolescents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mumena Walaa Abdullah 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionResearch exploring factors that may influence the diet quality of adolescents in the Middle East are very limited. We aimed to investigate factors associated with diet quality and the weight status of adolescents in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study that included 638 healthy adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years who were randomly recruited from 16 private and public middle- and high-schools located in two Saudi cities (Jeddah and Madinah). All participants were given an envelope for parents to collect socioeconomic data. Diet quality and anthropometric data of adolescents were evaluated at school.ResultsMedian diet quality score was higher among males compared to female adolescents (10.00 (8.00–11.00) vs. 9.00 (8.00–10.0), respectively, p = 0.018). Median diet quality score was significantly higher among adolescents residing in Jeddah compared to adolescents residing in Madinah (10.00 (9.00–11.0) vs. 9.00 (8.00–10.0), respectively, p = 0.002). Stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that city of residence (B = −0.53, SE = 0.16 [95% CI: −0.83 to −0.22]), and child’s sex (B = −0.34, SE = 0.15 [95% CI: −0.64 to −0.05]) were associated with diet quality scores of adolescents in Saudi Arabia.DiscussionFuture longitudinal research should be directed to further investigate other possible factors influencing the diet quality of adolescents and individuals from other age groups in Saudi Arabia.
Pregnant individuals perspectives towards receiving COVID-19 vaccination during their pregnancy: an in-depth qualitative study
Authors: Zilver Sanne J. M. , Rietveld Anna L. , Schonewille Noralie N. , Bakker Petra C. A. M. , Broekman Birit F. P. , van Leeuwen Elisabeth , de Groot Christianne J. M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPregnant individuals have an increased risk of severe illness from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent severe illness and complications for pregnant individuals. Pregnant individuals are often excluded from research and remain hesitant to receive vaccination against COVID-19. It is pivotal to study factors related to vaccine uptake and hesitancy among pregnant individuals. We studied barriers and facilitators for pregnant individuals choice and motivation regarding vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy to aid future pregnant individuals in their decision to vaccinate against various infectious agents.MethodsIn this qualitative study, pregnant individuals were interviewed between October 2021 and January 2022 using a semi-structured approach. A topic list was used to explore their feelings, perceptions and ideas regarding vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analyses was performed using MAX QDA.ResultsAfter nine interviews, saturation was reached. Three main themes were identified that influenced pregnant individuals choice and motivation regarding vaccination: health consequences, ambiguity of information and societal motivation. Health consequences mainly concerned the effect for their offspring, and the unknown long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccination. The advice from the Dutch institute for Public Health and Environment changed from not vaccinating pregnant individuals after release of the developed vaccine, to routinely vaccinating all pregnant individuals after research data were available from the United States of America (USA). This change of policy fuelled doubt and confusion for vaccination. Arguments in favor of vaccination from the social perspective were specific behaviour rules and restrictions due to the pandemic. E.g. without vaccination people were unable to travel abroad and having to take a COVID-19 test every time entering a public place.ConclusionPregnant individuals need clear, unambiguous information concerning health consequences, short- and long-term, particularly for their offspring, in the decision-making process regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, the societal perspective needs to be addressed. Besides the aforementioned themes, general counselling should focus on misperceptions of vaccine safety and the role of misinformation which are also important in the non-pregnant population. This study underlines the importance of including pregnant individuals in research programs to obtain specific information targeted to their needs.
Analysis of turnover intention and influencing factors among female nurses with two children in Grade A tertiary public hospitals in Sichuan province: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ling Chengrong , Tao Liande , Wang Xin , Wu Yunlian , Chai Yong , Zhang Lan 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the current status of turnover intention among female nurses with two children and explore the factors influencing their decision to resign, ultimately providing a basis for reducing nurses’ turnover intention and stabilizing the nursing workforce.MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to select 1,370 in-service female nurses with two children from 65 Grade A tertiary public hospitals in Sichuan Province from September to December 2023. Data was collected through a general information questionnaire, work-family behavioral role conflict scale, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and turnover intention scale.ResultsThis study revealed that the average score for turnover intention among female nurses with two children was (13.11 ± 3.93). There was a positive correlation between work-family behavioral role conflict and turnover intention (r = 0.485, p &lt; 0.01), while regulatory emotional self-efficacy showed a negative correlation with turnover intention (r = −0.382, p &lt; 0.01). The main influencing factors for resignation among these nurses included age, number of night shifts per month, average monthly income, primary caregiver for children, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict, and the ability to express positive emotions (POS), the capacity to regulate negative emotions such as despondency/distress (DES), and the skill to manage anger/irritation (ANG). Collectively, these factors explained 29.5% of the total variance in turnover intention scores.ConclusionTurnover intention among female nurses with two children is relatively high. To address this issue, hospital managers shall implement effective measures through various channels to settle work–family conflict, enhance nurses’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and reduce turnover intention resulting from work–family conflict. Together, these efforts will reduce nurse turnover and foster a stable nursing workforce.
Health policy implications for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and stroke in Central Asia: a decadal forecast of their impact on women of reproductive age
Authors: Moiynbayeva Sharapat , Akhmetov Valikhan , Narymbayeva Nazerke , Shaikova Kuralay , Makhanbetkulova Dinara , Bapayeva Magripa , Abdirova Tamara , Popova Tatyana , Karibayeva Indira 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionCardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke are significant global health concerns. However, gaps persist in understanding the impact of these disorders on women of reproductive age in Central Asia. This study aimed to analyze the health policies implemented in Central Asian countries to address the healthcare needs of this demographic and to forecast future trends in prevalence rates.MethodologyWe forecasted future trends in prevalence rates, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke using publicly available data. Two data sources were utilized: health policy documents issued by the governments of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, and data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Forecasting models, including ARIMA, were employed to predict trends until 2030.ResultsThe results indicate an anticipated increase in cardiovascular disease prevalence from 1856.55 in 2020 to 2007.07 by 2029 in Kazakhstan, a subtle increase in Kyrgyzstan from 2492.22 to 2558.69 over 10 years, and similar trends in other countries.ConclusionThe analysis of policy documents revealed a lack of specific focus on addressing cardiovascular disease, stroke, or type 2 diabetes outside the contexts of pregnancy and childbirth. Understanding these trends is crucial for informing targeted health interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of these diseases on women’s health in Central Asia.
Refinement of machine learning arterial waveform models for predicting blood loss in canines
Authors: Gonzalez Jose M. , Edwards Thomas H. , Hoareau Guillaume L. , Snider Eric J. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHemorrhage remains a leading cause of death in civilian and military trauma. Hemorrhages also extend to military working dogs, who can experience injuries similar to those of the humans they work alongside. Unfortunately, current physiological monitoring is often inadequate for early detection of hemorrhage. Here, we evaluate if features extracted from the arterial waveform can allow for early hemorrhage prediction and improved intervention in canines.MethodsIn this effort, we extracted more than 1,900 features from an arterial waveform in canine hemorrhage datasets prior to hemorrhage, during hemorrhage, and during a shock hold period. Different features were used as input to decision tree machine learning (ML) model architectures to track three model predictors—total blood loss volume, estimated percent blood loss, and area under the time versus hemorrhaged blood volume curve.ResultsML models were successfully developed for total and estimated percent blood loss, with the total blood loss having a higher correlation coefficient. The area predictors were unsuccessful at being directly predicted by decision tree ML models but could be calculated indirectly from the ML prediction models for blood loss. Overall, the area under the hemorrhage curve had the highest sensitivity for detecting hemorrhage at approximately 4 min after hemorrhage onset, compared to more than 45 min before detection based on mean arterial pressure.ConclusionML methods successfully tracked hemorrhage and provided earlier prediction in canines, potentially improving hemorrhage detection and objectifying triage for veterinary medicine. Further, its use can potentially be extended to human use with proper training datasets.
Depression symptoms, communication and cooperation skills, and friendship: longitudinal associations in young Norwegian children
Authors: Krygsman Amanda , Vaillancourt Tracy , Janson Harald , Idsoe Thormod , Nærde Ane 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSymptoms of depression in early childhood have been linked to interpersonal difficulties, whereas friendships serve a protective function.MethodsIn the present study, we examined depression symptoms in preschool age (4 years) in relation to social skills (communication and cooperation), and friendships into early school age (Grades 1 and 2) in a large subsample (n = 943) of Norwegian children.ResultsThe results indicated that preschool depression symptoms negatively predicted Grade 1 communication skills, which in turn predicted Grade 2 depression symptoms. This pathway suggests that communication skills may be a maintenance factor for depression symptoms in young children. In addition, preschool depression symptoms predicted lower Grade 1 cooperation skills, which in turn predicted lower Grade 2 communication skills, suggesting that preschool depression symptoms may begin a cascade of social skill problems that affect cooperation and communication skills into early school years. Best friendships were negatively related to depression symptoms in preschool and Grade 2.DiscussionGiven that preschool depression symptoms impact the development of social skills and friendships, it is important to attend to depression symptoms in early childhood.
Case Report: Superior mesenteric artery vasculitis causing aneurysm following COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kim Minju , Han Jeong Hee , Choi Jung Bum , Lee Byoung Chul , Jung Hyuk Jae 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveArteritis refers to all infectious and non-infectious conditions that lead to inflammation of the arterial wall. However, little is known about its presence in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most patients improved with steroids along with conservative treatments in a few studies. We report our experience with superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arteritis causing an aneurysm following COVID-19 infection.Case presentationA 66-year-old female patient who was infected with COVID-19 1 month prior presented with abdominal pain. A computed tomography scan revealed proximal SMA arteritis. Although preliminary antibacterial treatment was initiated, the follow-up CT revealed an aggressive and fast-growing 5.7-cm SMA aneurysm. Subsequently, an open interposition bypass of the SMA aneurysm was performed successfully. As the specimens retrieved during surgery showed no bacterial colonization in the tissue or blood cultures, the patient was discharged without complications.ConclusionsThe mechanism of arteritis in patients with COVID-19 has not been elucidated. In the absence of evidence of bacterial infection in arteritis, it is necessary to consider the possibility of viral infection caused by COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic era and start with high-dose steroid therapy promptly.
Trends on Prevalence, All-Cause Mortality, and Survival Status of Dementia Patients in Rural China Based on Pooling Analysis
Authors: Huo Kang , Shang Suhang , Wang Jin , Chen Chen , Dang Liangjun , Gao Ling , Wei Shan , Zeng Lingxia , Qu Qiumin 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesNo study has reported secular trends in dementia prevalence, all-cause mortality, and survival status in rural China.MethodsWe established two cohorts (XRRCC1 and XRRCC2) in the same region of China, 17 years apart, to compare dementia prevalence, all-cause mortality, and survival status, and performed regression analysis to identify associated factors.ResultsDementia prevalence was 3.49% in XRRCC1 and 4.25% in XRRCC2, with XRRCC2 showing a significantly higher prevalence (OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.2–2.65). All-cause mortality rates for dementia patients were 62.0% in XRRCC1 and 35.7% in XRRCC2. Mortality in the normal population of XRRCC2 decreased by 66% compared to XRRCC1, mainly due to improved survival rates in women with dementia. Dementia prevalence was positively associated with age &gt;65, spouse-absent status, and stroke, and negatively associated with ≥6 years of education.ConclusionDementia prevalence in rural China increased over 17 years, while mortality decreased. Major risk factors include aging, no spouse, and stroke, with higher education offering some protection.
Evolutionary Game Strategy Research on PSC Inspection Based on Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Liu Chengyong , Wang Qi , Xiang Banghao , Xu Yi , Gan Langxiong 
Published: August 2024

Port state control (PSC) inspections, considered a crucial means of maritime safety supervision, are viewed by the industry as a critical line of defense ensuring the stability of the international supply chain. Due to the high level of globalization and strong regional characteristics of PSC inspections, improving the accuracy of these inspections and efficiently utilizing inspection resources have become urgent issues. The construction of a PSC inspection ontology model from top to bottom, coupled with the integration of multisource data from bottom to top, is proposed in this paper. The RoBERTa-wwm-ext model is adopted as the entity recognition model, while the XGBoost4 model serves as the knowledge fusion model to establish the PSC inspection knowledge graph. Building upon an evolutionary game model of the PSC inspection knowledge graph, this study introduces an evolutionary game method to analyze the internal evolutionary dynamics of ship populations from a microscopic perspective. Through numerical simulations and standardization diffusion evolution simulations for ship support, the evolutionary impact of each parameter on the subgraph is examined. Subsequently, based on the results of the evolutionary game analysis, recommendations for PSC inspection auxiliary decision-making and related strategic suggestions are presented. The experimental results show that the RoBERTa-wwm-ext model and the XGBoost4 model used in the PSC inspection knowledge graph achieve superior performance in both entity recognition and knowledge fusion tasks, with the model accuracies surpassing those of other compared models. In the knowledge graph-based PSC inspection evolutionary game, the reward and punishment conditions (n, f) can reduce the burden of the standardization cost for safeguarding the ship. A ship is more sensitive to changes in the detention rate β than to changes in the inspection rate α. To a certain extent, the detention cost CDC plays a role similar to that of the detention rate β. In small-scale networks, relevant parameters in the ship’s standardization game have a more pronounced effect, with detention cost CDC having a greater impact than standardization cost CS on ship strategy choice and scale-free network evolution. Based on the experimental results, PSC inspection strategies are suggested. These strategies provide port state authorities with auxiliary decision-making tools for PSC inspections, promote the informatization of maritime regulation, and offer new insights for the study of maritime traffic safety management and PSC inspections.