bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin health of Aboriginal children living in urban communities
Authors: Ricciardo Bernadette M. , Kessaris Heather‐Lynn , Nannup Noel , Tilbrook Dale , Rind Nadia , Douglas Richelle , Ingrey Jodie , Walton Jacinta , Michie Carol , Farrant Brad , Delaney Eloise , Kumarasinghe S. Prasad , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Bowen Asha C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin concerns are frequent among urban‐living Aboriginal children, yet specialist dermatology consultations are limited with studies highlighting the need for improved cultural security. Through newly established paediatric dermatology clinics at two urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs), we aimed to describe clinic and patient data, including disease frequencies and associations, to inform dermatology service provision and advocacy.MethodsA prospective cohort study of Aboriginal children and young people (CYP, 0–18 years) attending Aboriginal Health Practitioner (AHP) co‐ordinated paediatric dermatology clinics at two urban ACCHOs.ResultsData were collected from 32 clinics over 19 months, with 335 episodes of care and a mean attendance rate of 74%. From 78 new patients, 72 (92%) were recruited into the study, only one of whom had previously received dermatologist assessment. Eczema, tinea or acne accounted for 47% (34/72) of referrals, and 60% of patients received their first appointment within 4 weeks of referral. In 47/72 (65%) consultations, the GP referral and dermatologist diagnosis concurred. The most frequent diagnoses (primary or secondary) at first consultation were atopic dermatitis (26%, 19/72), dermatophyte infections (25%, 18/72), acne (21%, 15/72), bacterial skin infections (18%, 13/72) and post‐inflammatory dyspigmentation (18%, 13/72). Three categories of the 2022 Australasian College of Dermatologists curriculum (infections, eczema/dermatitis, pigmentary disorders) accounted for 59% of all diagnoses.ConclusionsThis study highlights the specialist dermatology needs of urban‐living Aboriginal CYP. ACCHO‐embedded dermatology clinics co‐ordinated by AHPs demonstrated benefits for Aboriginal CYP in accessing care. Opportunities to embed dermatology practice within ACCHOs should be prioritised.
Past, present and future: Colonial comparative victimhood hinders reconciliation with Chinese Indonesians through prejudice among natives
Authors: Bilven Bryan , Sam Nariman Hadi , Kende Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDutch colonisers treated Chinese Indonesians preferably compared to native Indonesians which continues to impact relations between the two groups today. We investigated this impact through the lens of comparative victimhood beliefs. We conducted an online survey among native Indonesians (N = 333) and identified an indirect relationship between comparative collective victimhood and support for reconciliation with Chinese Indonesians via the mediating effect of general exclusive victimhood beliefs and prejudice in a serial mediation model. In Study 2, we tested the connections using experimental method among native Indonesians (N = 300). Participants who received a message supporting higher (vs. lower) historical comparative victimhood beliefs related to Chinese Indonesians showed higher exclusive victimhood beliefs and prejudice, and in turn, a decreased (vs. increased) support for reconciliation. These results support the idea that to enhance support for reconciliation, the trauma of the colonial past needs to be healed. We discuss the implications for intergroup relations in post‐colonial contexts among different victim groups.
Population pharmacokinetics of eptinezumab in paediatric patients with migraine and dose selection for phase 3 paediatric migraine studies
Authors: Areberg Johan , Rosen Monika , Lindsten Annika , Dragheim Marianne , Ryding Janka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) analysis of eptinezumab used data from a paediatric study and a prior adult PopPK model to compare eptinezumab pharmacokinetics between adult and paediatric populations to determine dose recommendations for the phase 3 paediatric studies in migraine. The data consisted of 16 adolescents and 12 children with migraine, with corresponding demographics and 278 plasma concentrations in total. PopPK analysis was performed through nonlinear mixed effect modelling and with prior knowledge taken from a previous PopPK model in adults. A two‐compartment model—adjusted for body weight impact on clearances and volumes of distributions and scaled to the power of 0.75 and 1.0, respectively—was found to adequately describe the paediatric pharmacokinetic data. The simulated population showed overlap in area under the plasma concentration–time curve and maximum plasma concentration between the paediatric and adult populations, with paediatric exposures within 10%–15% above adult levels on average. To provide comparable exposure to the approved adult doses, weight‐based dosing adjustments are recommended for paediatric patients weighing ≤40 kg, while no adjustments are needed for patients weighing >40 kg. These results support the dosing strategy being used in the ongoing efficacy and safety studies with eptinezumab in children and adolescents with migraine.
Reducing information avoidance: The effectiveness of humour, cute animals and coping messages
Authors: Orom Heather , Allard Natasha C. , Hay Jennifer L. , Kiviniemi Marc T. , Waters Erika A. , McQueen Amy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesGuided by the hedonic surplus/mood‐as‐resource hypotheses, we sought to identify message components that prevent health information avoidance by inducing hedonic psychological states.DesignTwo experimental studies.MethodsParticipants, age 45–75, recruited from the online survey platform, Prolific (Study 1 N = 288, Study 2 N = 505), completed a survey of their colorectal cancer (CRC) information avoidance tendency and demographics. They were reinvited to participate in a study where they were randomized to view one of four types of images: humorous comics, cute animals, coping messages or streetscapes images (control condition). To assess CRC information avoidance behaviour after viewing the stimuli, participants choose whether to be directed to a website to complete a CRC risk calculator (Study 1), or whether to view a CRC information video or a video about foot care (Study 2). Using logistic regression, we regressed each outcome variable on interactions between self‐reported CRC information avoidance tendency and experimental condition. We then used the PROCESS macro to test if mood mediated these interaction effects.ResultsIn Study 1, to the degree participants reported CRC information avoidance tendency, viewing humorous comics compared to control images increased their odds of choosing to view the risk calculator (OR = 5.26, p = .02). The same was true in Study 2 for choosing to watch the video about CRC vs. foot care (OR = 2.42, p = .04). Effects were not mediated through mood and there were no effects for the cute animals or coping messages.ConclusionsUsing humour at the outset of a health message may increase reach to people who otherwise avoid CRC or other health messaging.
Pull‐Off Forces on Implant‐Supported Single Restorations by Sticky Food: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bishti Shaza , Homa Martin , Wolfart Stefan , Tuna Taskin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the pull‐off forces on implant‐supported restorations caused by sticky food, to understand how much retention force cemented restorations must have to withstand chewing forces without unintentional retention loss. The influence of food type, restoration design, and surface treatment were investigated.Material and MethodsMonolithic implant‐supported CAD/CAM zirconia crowns were fabricated and divided into groups according to their design: no (NC), flat (FC) and high cusps (HC) and subdivided according to surface roughness: rough (r) and smooth (s) (n = 10/group). NC represented the control group. The crowns were fixed in a universal testing machine opposite to each other. Four sticky foods (caramel, fruit jelly, candy strips and licorice) and a resin crown remover were tested. These were heated (36.4°C), placed between the crowns and compressed, then tensile strength tests were performed. The maximum pull‐off force was recorded (Newton [N]). Statistical analysis was performed using 3‐way ANOVA.ResultsThe highest mean pull‐off force among food samples was with caramel_HC_r (12.09 ± 1.26 N), whereas the lowest was with licorice_FC_s (3.21 ± 0.15 N). For the resin crown remover, a mean pull‐off force of 55.41 ± 3.87 N was measured in the HC_r group. Both food type and crown design showed a significant influence on pull‐off force (p < 0.001), whereas no significant effect was reported with different surface roughnesses (p = 0.344).ConclusionThis study reported pull‐off forces of up to 20 N between all‐ceramic restorations caused by sticky food. The clinical implication of these findings is that a cemented implant‐restoration must have a minimum retention force of 20 N to withstand unintentional displacement during function.
“You might be nice, but where you take me, they're not gonna be”: Preferences for field‐based post‐overdose interventions
Authors: van Draanen Jenna , Adwell Addy , Wettemann Courteney , Fockele Callan Elswick , Goh Brenda , Perlmutter David L. , Williams Grover “Will” , Holland Nathan , Frohe Tessa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionEmergency medical services (EMS) systems are piloting interventions to respond to overdoses with additional services such as leave‐behind naloxone and medication for opioid use disorder, but little is known about the perspectives of people who use drugs (PWUD) on these interventions being delivered by EMS during an overdose response.MethodsThe Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the development of data collection tools, the analytic strategy and the organisation of results. A community engaged method was used which included both academically trained researchers and community trained researchers who are also PWUD. This study used semi‐structured interviews to gather data from 13 PWUD in King County, Washington in June 2022. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe people interviewed for this study viewed EMS distribution of leave‐behind naloxone and field‐based buprenorphine favourably. They viewed EMS facilitation of hepatitis C virus and HIV testing in the field less favourably and were concerned about stigmas associated with those results. Additional themes emerged regarding: the need for different approaches to post‐overdose care; the need for new services, including post‐overdose trauma counselling and an alternative destination to the emergency department; and the harms of law enforcement presence at overdose responses.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study found strong support for leave‐behind naloxone and field‐initiated buprenorphine. Further training for EMS should include trauma‐informed care and strategies to address burnout and increase compassion. Alternatives to the emergency department as a post‐overdose destination are needed. These strategies should be considered by jurisdictions revising overdose response protocols.
Sexual Interventions in the Metaverse: Attitudes Towards Novel Therapeutic Approaches, a Qualitative Study
Authors: Vila Ariana , Romero‐Moreno Rosa , Nogales‐Gonzalez Celia , Ritchey Andrew J. , Ardoy‐Cuadros Juan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMental health treatment for psychosexual problems is effective, but treatment rates are low. Metaverse‐based therapy offers one solution to increase overall treatment rates. Understanding attitudes towards this novel approach could lead to wider adoption of metaverse‐based therapy, resulting in higher treatment rates for psychosexual problems.MethodsTwenty‐one participants across three focus groups of different ages shared their perceptions and attitudes about metaverse‐based therapy broadly and for treating sexual disorders. A content analysis of the transcribed text from the focus groups using qualitative data analysis software was conducted.ResultsParticipants identified several perceived benefits of metaverse‐based intervention, including avoiding the perceived embarrassment of going to a clinic and accessing patients (a) with diverse physical or mental functionality, (b) living in remote areas and/or (c) balancing different family/work obligations or duties. The two main concerns with metaverse‐based therapy were the fear of online therapy being less personal than traditional therapy and the technological fluency needed. Clarifying their acceptance of the therapy, participants reported that they would be more likely to engage in metaverse‐based therapy if they trusted their therapist. Also, although it might be effective for mild and moderate disorders, participants were more reluctant about its use for severe mental illness.ConclusionsResults suggest that attitudes towards metaverse‐based intervention are mainly positive, since it removes some barriers that hinder access to psychological treatment in general and, specifically, for problems of a sexual nature.Patient and Public ContributionDuring the design stage, a person with sexual difficulties was consulted to understand the patient's perspective. Members of the public advised the implementation of the focus groups. Three potential service users were involved in the coding of the text during the content analysis.
Evaluating Experiences in a Digital Nutrition Education Program for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Russell R. D. , He J. , Black L. J. , Begley A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex immune‐mediated disease with no currently known cure. There is growing evidence to support the role of diet in reducing some of the symptoms and disease progression in MS, and we previously developed and tested the feasibility of a digital nutrition education program for people with MS.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore factors that influenced engagement in the digital nutrition education program, including features influencing capability, opportunity and motivation to change their dietary behaviours.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with people who had MS, and who completed some or all of the program until data saturation was reached. Interviews were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. Themes were deductively mapped against the COM‐B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour) behaviour change model.ResultsSixteen interviews were conducted with participants who completed all (n = 10) or some of the program (n = 6). Four themes emerged: (1) acquiring and validating nutrition knowledge; (2) influence of time and social support; (3) getting in early to improve health and (4) accounting for food literacy experiences.DiscussionThis is the first online nutrition program with suitable behavioural supports for people with MS. It highlights the importance of disease‐specific and evidence‐based nutrition education to support people with MS to make dietary changes. Acquiring nutrition knowledge, coupled with practical support mechanisms, such as recipe booklets and goal setting, emerged as crucial for facilitating engagement with the program.ConclusionsWhen designing education programs for people with MS and other neurological conditions, healthcare professionals and program designers should consider flexible delivery and building peer support to address the needs and challenges faced by participants.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of the MS Nutrition Research Program Stakeholder Reference Group, which includes people with MS and MS health professionals, provided input during the development of the nutrition education program and study design stages.
Evaluation of the physicochemical and sensory properties of branched‐chain amino acid‐fortified perilla mousse after retort sterilisation as a dysphagia diet
Authors: Jeon Hye‐Ji , Hwang Su‐Yeong , Shin Weon‐Sun 
Published: August 2024

SummaryDysphagia and difficulty swallowing, lead to a heightened risk of respiratory disorders and malnutrition. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical and sensory properties of a branched‐chain amino acids‐fortified perilla mousse (PM) and its retorted version (RPM) to determine their suitability for dysphagia patients. PM and RPM were evaluated for texture, colour, free amino acids content, sensory acceptance, and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) levels were determined. The results showed that PM and RPM met IDDSI Levels 3–4. RPM exhibited a redder, darker colour and a firmer texture compared with PM. Moreover, RPM showed no syneresis and maintained high viscoelasticity from 20 °C to 80 °C. Additionally, retort sterilisation increased essential amino acid levels in RPM, and it received high sensory acceptance. This mousse offers a promising option for dysphagia patients, providing enhanced nutritional value with ease of swallowing. Future research should explore the long‐term impacts on dysphagia management.
Easy read health information for people with intellectual disabilities: A linguistic discourse analysis. What happens to language when it is simplified?
Authors: Buell Susan , Pounds Gabrina , Langdon Peter , Bunning Karen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionEasy Read health documents prepared for people with intellectual disabilities are often generated from Standard Texts. Language in Easy Read versions is typically assumed to be simpler. However, simplification of language may have unintended consequences. This study aimed to explore the differences in language used between Easy Read health material and the Standard Text versions of the same material produced for the general population.MethodsFive Easy Read/Standard Text pairs were sampled and analysed using Systemic Functional Linguistics. This addressed: how people with intellectual disabilities and others were represented by language, the author stance in relation to the reader and the overall organisation of the text.ResultsThe Easy Read versions often used language that was less empowering and inclusive.ConclusionIncreased awareness of author power and better knowledge of the impact of language choice could help to redress these issues.
Comparison of intelligent virtual reality first‐aid training outcomes among individuals with different demographic characteristics
Authors: Pan Jie , Liu Yu‐Juan , Yang Chuang , Zeng Peng , Gong Tao , Tao Lu , Zheng Ying , Ye Gui‐Ying , Zhang Nai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of intelligent first‐aid training based on virtual reality (VR) among individuals with different demographic characteristics.MethodsA total of 50 nonmedical professional volunteers from Nanchang were conveniently sampled in March 2021. All participants underwent intelligent VR first‐aid training, and a comparative analysis was conducted by dividing them into different groups based on demographic characteristics.ResultsMale participants had a lower chest compression interruption time compared to female participants (7.40 ± 0.50 vs. 8.04 ± 0.56, t = −4.231, p < 0.001). Additionally, male participants had a higher proportion of compressions with correct compression depth (81.33 ± 1.24 vs. 79.78 ± 1.48, t = 4.038, p < 0.001), higher mean ventilation volume (518.11 ± 1.50 vs. 516.61 ± 2.17, t = 2.881, p = 0.006), and higher theoretical knowledge test score (8.74 ± 0.59 vs. 8.00 ± 0.43, t = 4.981, p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the mean chest compression frequency (110.38 ± 5.74 vs. 105.00 ± 4.78 vs. 107.80 ± 5.97, F = 5.187, p = 0.009) among participants with different educational backgrounds. Pairwise comparisons showed that technical degree holders had a higher mean chest compression frequency than bachelor's degree holders, whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between master's degree holders and bachelor's degree holders.ConclusionThe outcomes of first‐aid training differ among participants of different genders and with different educational backgrounds. With all participants meeting the training qualifications, it is believed that the application of intelligent VR first‐aid training platforms can improve the first aid capabilities of the public.
HCN channels are essential for the escape response of Paramecium
Authors: Kandabashi Daisuke , Kawano Mutsumi , Izutani Shinobu , Harada Hiyori , Tominaga Takashi , Hori Manabu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen mechanical stimulation was applied to free swimming Paramecium, forward swimming velocity transiently increased due to activation of the posterior mechanosensory channels. The behavior response, known as “escape response,” requires membrane hyperpolarization and the activation of K‐channel type adenylate cyclases. Our hypothesis is that this escape response also involves activation of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels. HCN channels are activated by hyperpolarization and are modulated by cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP. They play a critical role in many excitable cells in higher animals. If HCN channels act in Paramecium, this should help to enhance and prolong hyperpolarization, thereby increasing the swimming speed of Paramecium. This study used RNAi to examine the role of the HCN channel 1 in the escape responses by generating hcn1‐gene knockdown cells (hcn1‐KD). These cells showed reduced mechanically‐stimulated escape responses and a lack of cGMP‐dependent increases in swimming speed. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated reduced hyperpolarization upon injection of large negative currents in hcn1‐KD cells. This is consistent with a decrease in HCN1 channel activity and changes in the escape response. These findings suggest that HCN1 channels are K+ channels that regulate the escape response of Paramecium by amplifying the hyperpolarizations elicited by posterior mechanical stimulation.
Immune response and protection efficacy of formalin‐killed vaccines against Streptococcus iniae in four‐finger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Authors: Shi Yin‐Ze , Giovanni Andre , Cheng Li‐Wu , Huang Wen‐Rou , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFour‐finger threadfin, Eleutheronema tetradactylum farming in southern Taiwan has been facing disease problems caused by Streptococcus iniae since 2018. The development of a vaccine against infectious S. iniae in the cultured threadfin industry is necessary. Thus, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of threadfin immunized formalin‐killed cells (FKC) from S. iniae GSI‐111 for 42 days post‐vaccination (dpv) using two doses of FKC alone (a booster at 14 dpv) as group A, and FKC mixed with ISA763A adjuvant using a single dose as group B or double doses as group C. Immunoglobulin (Ig)‐M was purified from threadfin, and rabbit anti‐threadfin IgM polyclonal antibodies were used to detect antibody level in immunized fish; the vaccinated group A displayed higher levels at 3 dpv and all vaccinated treatments demonstrated high antibody levels between 14 and 42 dpv. All vaccine groups showed significantly higher values of lysozyme activity at 42 dpv compared with the control group; the vaccinated A group peaked at 14 dpv. The expression profiles of pro‐inflammatory and immune‐related genes, TNF‐α, IL‐12A, and C2 were upregulated at 3 dpv, while CD8A and chemokine receptor CXCR4 were upregulated at 42 dpv. Finally, the threadfins were challenged with S. iniae at 42 dpv. The average relative percent survival was 96% for vaccination A and B treatments, and 100% for vaccination C treatment. In summary, this study demonstrated that FKC vaccines whether formulated with an adjuvant could stimulate immune response and effective protect threadfins against S. iniae infection.