bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐aided diagnosis: detection and localization of prostate cancer within the peripheral zone
Authors: Rampun Andrik , Chen Zhili , Malcolm Paul , Tiddeman Bernie , Zwiggelaar Reyer 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe propose a methodology for prostate cancer detection and localization within the peripheral zone based on combining multiple segmentation techniques. We extract four image features using Gaussian and median filters. Subsequently, we use each image feature separately to generate binary segmentations. Finally, we take the intersection of all four binary segmentations, incorporating a model of the peripheral zone, and perform erosion to remove small false‐positive regions. The initial evaluation of this method is based on 275 MRI images from 37 patients, and 86% of the slices were classified correctly with 87% and 86% sensitivity and specificity achieved, respectively. This paper makes two contributions: firstly, a novel computer‐aided diagnosis approach, which is based on combining multiple segmentation techniques using only a small number of simple image features, and secondly, the development of the proposed method and its application in prostate cancer detection and localization using a single MRI modality with the results comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art multimodality and advanced computer vision methods in the literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology‐Dependent Electrochemical Properties of CuS Hierarchical Superstructures
Authors: Hosseinpour Zahra , Scarpellini Alice , Najafishirtari Sharif , Marras Sergio , Colombo Massimo , Alemi Abdolali , Volder Michaël De , George Chandramohan , Lesnyak Vladimir 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHierarchical superstructures formed by self‐assembled nanoparticles exhibit interesting electrochemical properties that can potentially be exploited in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) as possible electrode materials. In this work, we tested two different morphologies of CuS superstructures for electrodes, namely, tubular dandelion‐like and ball‐like assemblies, both of which are composed of similar small covellite nanoparticles. These two CuS morphologies are characterized by their markedly different electrochemical performances, suggesting that their complex structures/morphologies influence the electrochemical properties. At 1.12 A g−1, the cells made with CuS tubular structures delivered about 420 mAh g−1, and at 0.56 A g−1, the capacity was as high as about 500 mAh g−1 with good capacity retention. Their ease of preparation and processing, together with good electrochemical performance, make CuS tubular dandelion‐like clusters attractive for developing low‐cost LIBs based on conversion reactions.
Ni2P Makes Application of the PtRu Catalyst Much Stronger in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Chang Jinfa , Feng Ligang , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPtRu is regarded as the best catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells, but the performance decay resulting from the loss of Ru seriously hinders commercial applications. Herein, we demonstrated that the presence of Ni2P largely reduces Ru loss, which thus makes the application of PtRu much stronger in direct methanol fuel cells. Outstanding catalytic activity and stability were observed by cyclic voltammetry. Upon integrating the catalyst material into a practical direct methanol fuel cell, the highest maximum power density was achieved on the PtRu‐Ni2P/C catalyst among the reference catalysts at different temperatures. A maximum power density of 69.9 mW cm−2 at 30 °C was obtained on PtRu‐Ni2P/C, which is even higher than the power density of the state‐of‐the‐art commercial PtRu catalyst at 70 °C (63.1 mW cm−2). Moreover, decay in the performance resulting from Ru loss was greatly reduced owing to the presence of Ni2P, which is indicative of very promising applications.
Photoshopping the selfie: Self photo editing and photo investment are associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls
Authors: McLean Siân A. , Paxton Susan J. , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Masters Jennifer 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveSocial media engagement by adolescent girls is high. Despite its appeal, there are potential negative consequences for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating from social media use. This study aimed to examine, in a cross‐sectional design, the relationship between social media use in general, and social media activities related to taking “selfies” and sharing specifically, with overvaluation of shape and weight, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint.MethodParticipants were 101 grade seven girls (Mage = 13.1, SD = 0.3), who completed self‐report questionnaires of social media use and body‐related and eating concerns measures.ResultsResults showed that girls who regularly shared self‐images on social media, relative to those who did not, reported significantly higher overvaluation of shape and weight, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, and internalization of the thin ideal. In addition, among girls who shared photos of themselves on social media, higher engagement in manipulation of and investment in these photos, but not higher media exposure, were associated with greater body‐related and eating concerns, including after accounting for media use and internalization of the thin ideal.DiscussionAlthough cross‐sectional, these findings suggest the importance of social media activities for body‐related and eating concerns as well as potential avenues for targeted social‐media‐based intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1132–1140).
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in an adolescent male with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A clinical case report
Authors: Chandran Jonathan James , Anderson Gail , Kennedy Andrew , Kohn Michael , Clarke Simon 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a potentially lethal eating disorder. This case example of a male, G, aged 17 years with ARFID illustrates the multiplicity of health problems related to nutritional deficiencies which may develop in an adolescent of normal weight. Of particular concern was the diagnosis of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord and the real possibility that G may have irreversible damage to his spinal cord. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with SCD of the spinal cord due to ARFID.The adolescent was found to be deficient in Vitamin A, E, K, D, B12, and folate. Management required vitamin replacement, initial nasogastric feeding and the slow introduction of a varied diet. This patient will require long term rehabilitation. Medical practitioners need to be attuned to abnormal eating patterns in children and adolescents and refer for specialist care early. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1176–1179).
Medical comorbidity and medical complications associated with binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Mitchell James E. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this review is to provide an overview of possible medical complications of binge‐eating disorder (BED).MethodLiterature on BED, both in obese and nonobese patients, was reviewed.ResultsA growing literature suggests that BED independently may increase the likelihood of developing components of the metabolic syndrome, and that LOC eating in children may contribute to weight gain and metabolic disturbances. Limited evidence suggests that other organ systems may be affected by BED as well.DiscussionAdditional prospective studies are needed. Although the results of the available studies are not definitive and provide somewhat mixed results, there does appear to be a clear suggestion of an increased risk for the development of components of the metabolic syndrome in adults and children.
Psychometric evaluation of self‐report measures of binge‐eating symptoms and related psychopathology: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Burton Amy L. , Abbott Maree J. , Modini Matthew , Touyz Stephen 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveBinge eating is a symptom common to bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa (binge/purge subtype), and binge eating disorder. There are many self‐report measures available to aid the assessment of eating disorders symptoms, but there has not yet been a systematic review of the literature to identify the most valid and reliable measures for use in assessment and treatment of binge eating.MethodA systematic review of the psychometric properties of self‐report measures that assess binge eating symptoms and psychopathology was conducted. Two independent raters assessed the psychometric properties of each measure using a standardized quality analysis tool.ResultsOf the 2,927 studies identified, 72 studies met the inclusion criteria and described the psychometric properties of 29 different self‐report measures, and nine specific subscales within these. Results from the quality analysis tool utilized in this study indicated that none of the included measures currently meet all nine criteria of adequate psychometric properties.DiscussionMost of the included measures had evidence for some adequate psychometric properties. Two measures received six out of nine positive ratings for the assessed psychometric properties, the BITE and the BULIT‐R, and thus appear to be the measures with the most evidence of their validity and reliability. Overall, our findings implicate a need for further investigation of the psychometric properties of the available self‐report questionnaires in this field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:123–140).
Eating disorders in military and veteran men and women: A systematic review
Authors: Bartlett Brooke A. , Mitchell Karen S. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) have serious consequences for psychological and physical health. They have high mortality rates and are among the most costly disorders to treat. However, EDs remain understudied in military and veteran populations. The aim of this review was to examine prevalence estimates and associated symptomatology of EDs among military and veteran men and women and to identify factors that may put these individuals at risk for the development of an ED for the purposes of improving detection, intervention, and treatment.MethodA thorough literature review was conducted using the databases PsycINFO and PubMed. All articles with a focus on EDs in military/veteran samples were considered.ResultsStudies reveal high prevalence estimates of EDs among military/veteran men and women. Unique features of military life may increase the risk for development of an ED, including: military sexual trauma, strict weight and physical fitness requirements, and combat exposure. A history of trauma was common in individuals diagnosed with an ED in military and veteran samples.DiscussionThe high rates of EDs among military and veteran samples underscore the importance of further research, as well as the importance of screening and intervention efforts, in these understudied populations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleotide diversity patterns of three divergent soybean populations: evidences for population‐dependent linkage disequilibrium and taxonomic status of Glycine gracilis
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Shahid Muhammad Qasim , Huang Hongwen , Wang Ying 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a major factor to determine DNA polymorphism pattern of a population and to construct high‐resolution maps useful in localizing and gene cloning of complicated traits. Here, we investigated LD level of three soybean populations with different genetic backgrounds and taxonomic status of G. gracilis by comparing the DNA polymorphism patterns of four high‐diversity single‐copy nuclear genes. A total of 152, 22, and 77 accessions of G. soja, G. gracilis, and G. max were observed. The results indicated that G. max retained only 75.3 (π) and 39% (θ) of the nucleotide polymorphism found in G. soja. Four gene loci evolved according to neutrality in both G. max and G. gracilis populations, and three gene loci evolved according to neutrality in G. soja population by Tajima's and Fu and Li's test. However, one gene locus deviated from neutrality by Fu and Li's test in the G. soja population. Further, medial level of LD (average r2 = 0.2426) was found in intragene in G. max and G. gracilis populations, but unexpected low level of LD (r2 ≤ 0.0539) was found in G. soja population. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between G. max and G. soja populations and also between G. max and G. gracilis populations; however, nonsignificant genetic differentiation was found between G. gracilis and G. soja populations. The results suggest that LD level depends on genetic background of soybean population, and implicit that G. gracilis should be regarded as the variant of G. soja, not as an independent species.
A Novel Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,3‐­methano‐1H‐indene {(Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexeno)benzene} and Analysis of Its NMR Spectra
Authors: Christl Manfred , Cohrs Carsten 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA new synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐methano‐1H‐indene (3) has been designed with bicyclo[2.1.1]hex‐2‐ene serving as starting material, which was added onto chloro‐substituted α‐pyrones. The title hydrocarbon 3 was then obtained in two subsequent steps. The AA′MM′ 1H NMR spectrum of 3 was analyzed and simulated, leading to corrections of previously published coupling constants. The 13C NMR signal of the methylene carbon atoms appears at particularly low field (δ = 63.3 ppm). This finding is discussed together with anomalous low‐ and high‐field absorptions of methylene carbon atoms of cyclobutanes and bridgehead carbon atoms of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, the 1,3‐ and 2,4‐positions of which, respectively, are bridged by π electron systems. As a result, moieties with (4n + 2) π electrons cause deshieldings, whereas those having 4n π electrons evoke shieldings.
Energetic Organic Peroxides – Synthesis and Characterization of 1,4‐Dimethyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetraoxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Stiasny Benedikt , Stierstorfer Jörg , Winter Charles H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract1,4‐Dimethyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetraoxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and several similar alkyl‐derivatives were synthesized applying two different strategies. Crystal structures of the compounds were determined and their energetic properties including sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge as well as their thermal behaviour were determined and compared to tricacetone triperoxide (TATP). The enthalpies of formation and the resulting explosive properties were calculated using the EXPLO5 program.
Temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction at different ages covering the lifespan – A population based study
Authors: Lövgren A. , Häggman‐Henrikson B. , Visscher C.M. , Lobbezoo F. , Marklund S. , Wänman A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction can have a negative effect on daily life, but these conditions are not well recognized in the health care systems. The general aim was to examine the cross‐sectional prevalence of frequent temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction in men and women across the lifespan.MethodsThe analysis was based on data from 137,718 individuals (mean age 35 years, SD 22.7) who answered three questions (3Q/TMD) included in the digital health declaration in the Public Dental Health care in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden; Q1: ‘Do you have pain in your temple, face, jaw or jaw joint once a week or more?’; Q2: ‘Does it hurt once a week or more when you open your mouth or chew?’; and Q3: ‘Does your jaw lock or become stuck once a week or more?’ResultsThe prevalence of frequent temporomandibular pain (Q1) was 5.2% among women and 1.8% among men (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of frequent pain on jaw movement (Q2) was 2.5% among women and 0.9% among men (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of frequent locking of the jaw (Q3) was 2.7% among women and 1.2% among men (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe study shows that the cross‐sectional prevalence of temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction varies during the lifespan. For men and women, respectively, symptoms increase during adolescence, peak in middle age and then gradually diminish. The prevalence of these symptoms is significantly higher among women except from the first and last decades of a 100‐year lifespan.
Electrochemical Immunoassays Based on Graphene: A Review
Authors: Wei Tianxiang , Dai Zhihui , Lin Yuehe , Du Dan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractImmunoassay is a common analytic method with great practicability. Recently, there is a growing interest in applying graphene to modern biosensor research due to its distinct physical and chemical properties, such as excellent conductivity, high surface area, ease of functionalization, and so on. In this review, we summarized the recent researches on the development of electrochemical immunoassays based on graphene. We focus on the different roles of graphene in constructing various electrochemical immunosensors and provide a perspective about this research field.
Toxicological effects of short-term resuspension of metal-contaminated freshwater and marine sediments
Authors: Fetters Kyle J. , Costello David M. , Hammerschmidt Chad R. , Burton G. Allen 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Sediments in navigation-dominated waterways frequently are contaminated with a variety of particle-associated pollutants and are subject to frequent short-term resuspension events. There is little information documenting whether resuspension of metal-contaminated sediments has adverse ecological effects on resident aquatic organisms. Using a novel laboratory approach, the authors examined the mobilization of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr during resuspension of 1 freshwater and 2 coastal marine sediments and whether resuspension and redeposition resulted in toxicity to model organisms. Sediment flux exposure chambers were used to resuspend metal-contaminated sediments from 1 site in Lake DePue, Illinois (USA), and 2 sites in Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Maine (USA). Short-term (4-h) resuspension of sediment at environmentally relevant suspended particulate matter concentrations (&lt;1 g/L) resulted in metal mobilization to water that was sediment and metal specific. Overall, the net release of metals from suspended particles was limited, likely because of scavenging by organic matter and Fe oxides that formed during sediment interaction with oxic water. Minimal toxicity to organisms (survival of Hyalella azteca and Daphnia magna; survival, growth, and tissue metal concentration of Neanthes arenaceodentata; bioluminescence of Pyrocystis lunula) was observed during 4-h exposure to resuspended sediments and during 4-d to 10-d post-exposure recovery periods in uncontaminated water. Redeposited suspended particles exhibited increased metal bioavailability and toxicity to H. azteca, highlighting the potential for adverse ecological impacts because of changes in metal speciation. It is important to consider interactions between organisms' life histories and sediment disturbance regimes when assessing risks to ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:676–686. © 2015 SETAC
Wall‐based reduced‐order modelling
Authors: Lasagna Davide , Tutty Owen R. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this work, we propose a novel approach to model order reduction for incompressible fluid flows, which focuses on the spatio‐temporal description of the stresses on the surface of a body, that is, of the wall shear stress and of the wall pressure. The spatial representation of these two variables is given by a compact set of ‘wall basis functions’, that is, elementary basis functions defined on the wall. In this paper, these are derived using the well‐known proper orthogonal decomposition to represent optimally the fluctuation energy of the pressure and shear stress. On the other hand, the functional structure of the dynamic model is derived from the first principles using the vorticity form of the Navier–Stokes equations, yielding a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the time‐varying amplitudes of the wall shear stress basis functions. Coefficients of this model are then identified from simulation data. To complete the system, we show that the surface pressure distribution, that is, the time‐varying amplitudes of the wall pressure basis functions, can be derived from a quadratic model of the wall shear stress temporal coefficients, stemming from the Poisson equation for the pressure. This further step is crucial for the correct representation of the aerodynamic forces. As a paradigmatic example, we present our approach for the modelling of the free dynamics of the separated flow around a circular cylinder in the laminar regime, at Re = 200. Further implications and potentialities of the proposed approach are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Two‐Dimensional Network Polymer Containing 18‐ and 26‐Membered Organotin Macrocycles
Authors: Wang Qingfeng , Zhang Jianping , Han Yinfeng 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe reaction of 4‐mercaptophenylacetic acid with dimethyltin dichloride in the presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol affords a novel two‐dimensional organotin network structure compound 1, which is an unusual network containing dinuclear 18‐membered and tetranuclear 26‐membered organotin macrocycles. The compound has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have also characterized the compound by X‐ray crystallography.
The efficacy of erythropoietin mouthwash in prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic SCT: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hosseinjani Hesamoddin , Hadjibabaie Molouk , Gholami Kheirollah , Javadi Mohammadreza , Radfar Mania , Jahangard‐Rafsanjani Zahra , Hosseinjani Emadoddin , Shabani Nazanin , Vaezi Mohammad , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOral mucositis (OM) as a complication of high‐dose chemotherapy is frequently occurred in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) settings. Erythropoietin (EPO) has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and wound‐healing properties and therefore could have an important role in the prevention of OM. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial to evaluate the EPO mouthwash effect on OM incidence and severity in 80 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin disease (HD) or multiple myeloma, undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients received either EPO mouthwash (50 IU/ml, 15 ml four times a day) (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) from the starting day of high‐dose chemotherapy until day +14 after transplantation or until the day of discharge from the hospital, whichever occurred first. OM was evaluated daily for 21 days after transplantation or until resolution of OM according to World Health Organization oral toxicity scale. The incidence of OM (grades 1–4) in the EPO mouthwash group and control group was significantly different (27.5% vs 77.5%, p < 0.001). The mean ± SD of two other parameters of OM including maximum intensity OM score (0.60 ± 1.06 vs 1.67 ± 1.27) and average intensity OM score (0.47 ± 0.80 vs 1.28 ± 0.86) was significantly lower in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean ± SD duration of OM was also significantly shorter among the EPO mouthwash recipients (1.92 ± 3.42 days vs 5.42 ± 3.86 days, P < 0.001). Also, the duration of neutropenic fever was significantly shorter in the intervention group (2.12 ± 2.42 days vs 3.95 ± 4.01 days, p = 0.016). It is concluded that EPO mouthwash can reduce the incidence and duration of OM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.