bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Bidentate Lewis Acid Catalyzed Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reaction for the Selective Functionalization of Aldehydes.
Authors: Schweighauser Luca , Bodoky Ina , Kessler Simon N. , Haeussinger Daniel , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEnamines, generated in situ from aldehydes and pyrrolidine, undergo inverse‐electron demand Diels—Alder with phthalazine (I) to give naphthalene derivatives in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Tf2O‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation to Synthesize Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene Cores and Application in the Total Synthesis of Diptoindonesin D, Pauciflorial F, and (.+‐.)‐Ampelopsin B.
Authors: Wang Gang‐Wei , Wang Hong‐Li , Capretto David A. , Han Qi , Hu Rong‐Bin , Yang Shang‐Dong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA general protocol is developed to cyclize alkynyl substrates such as (I) to dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenes using Tf2O as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Hexyl‐4‐acetoxytetrahydrofuran.
Authors: Liu Yong‐guo , Gong Xiu‐qin , Tian Hong‐yu , Sun Bao‐guo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo alternative routes for the synthesis of the title furan (VI), a flavor compound with a sweet, floral‐fruity odour, starting from decen‐4‐ol (I) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzothieno[2,3‐b]thiophenes, [2,3‐b:3′,2′‐d]‐Dithienothiophenes and Their Selenium Derivatives via Electrophilic Cyclization and McMurry Cyclization.
Authors: Geng Weizhi , Wang Hanliu , Wang Zitao , Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDilithiation of the alkynylbenzothiophene (I) is followed by reaction with sulfur or selenium and acid chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloid/Thiourea Catalyzes Direct and Enantioselective Vinylogous Michael Addition of 3‐Alkylidene Oxindoles to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Curti Claudio , Rassu Gloria , Zambrano Vincenzo , Pinna Luigi , Pelosi Giorgio , Sartori Andrea , Battistini Lucia , Zanardi Franca , Casiraghi Giovanni 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe Michael addition reactions proceed with exclusive γ‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative System for 3‐Sulfenylation of Indoles with Disulfides Using DMSO as Oxidant under Ambient Conditions in Dimethyl Carbonate.
Authors: Ge Wenlei , Wei Yunyang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn comparison with reported procedures for sulfenylation of indoles (I), the present method is not moisture sensitive and carried out in the green solvent dimethyl carbonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling of 3‐Indolylarylketones with Pd(II)‐Catalysis under Air: Convenient Access to Indenoindolones.
Authors: Guchhait Sankar K. , Kashyap Maneesh , Kandekar Somnath 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reaction does not require indole N—H protection.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Intramolecular C—H Amination of 1‐Aza‐2‐azoniaallene Salts.
Authors: Bercovici Daniel A. , Brewer Matthias 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAza‐2‐azoniaallene salts generated from α‐chloroazo compounds undergo intramolecular C—H amination reactions to provide pyrazoline products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diversely 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles via 5‐exo‐dig Cyclization.
Authors: Borkin Dmitry A. , Puscau Mirela , Carlson Alena , Solan Agnes , Wheeler Kraig A. , Toeroek Bela , Dembinski Roman 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn effective, highly atom economical, and regioselective method for the synthesis of the title compounds is presented and requires no isolation of the hydrazone.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Access to 3,5‐Disubstituted Oxazolones Featuring a Cu‐Catalyzed Cyclization of N‐Alkynyl tert‐Butyl Carbamates.
Authors: Lu Zenghui , Yang Zhaozhen , Cui Weijian , Zhu Gangguo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,5‐disubstituted oxazolones (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiropyrans and Spirooxazines. Part 8. 5′‐(1,3‐Benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐Substituted Spiro[indoline‐2,3′‐naphthopyrans]: Synthesis and Spectral and Photochromic Properties.
Authors: Voloshin N. A. , Chernyshev A. V. , Metelitsa A. V. , Gaeva E. B. , Minkin V. I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNovel photochromic spiropyrans (I) (7 examples) possessing luminescence properties in both cyclic and merocyanine form are synthesized and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: De novo Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and Pyridines.
Authors: Gati Wafa , Rammah Mohamed M. , Rammah Mohamed B. , Couty Francois , Evano Gwilherm 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe present synthesis of substituted pyridine derivatives relies on the facile lithiation of N‐alkynyl‐N‐Boc‐protected allylamines with subsequent highly regioselective intramolecular 6‐endo‐dig carbolithiation.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Acyloxycarboxamidobarbiturates from Alloxans, Carboxylic Acids, and Isocyanides.
Authors: Teimouri Mohammad Bagher 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlloxans are successfully applied as oxo component in the Passerini reaction with carboxylic acids and isonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinones Using Sodium Bisulfate as a Catalyst by the Grinding Technique.
Authors: Wang Min , Gao Jing‐Jing , Song Zhi‐Guo , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reaction proceeds by short grinding followed by keeping the mortar in an oven.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Formation of N‐Sulfamoyl 2,3‐Aziridino‐γ‐lactones and Their Use for the Enantiospecific Synthesis of α,β‐Diamino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Siqueira Valle Marcelo , Frota Saraiva Mauricio , Retailleau Pascal , de Almeida Mauro V. , Dodd Robert H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aziridine ring of title compound (II) is regioselectively cleaved by treatment with primary or secondary amines to give bicycles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Silver Triflate‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of N′‐(2‐Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with Ketene.
Authors: Liu Gang , Liu Hongliang , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Pu Shouzhi , Wu Jie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe silver‐catalyzed reaction of hydrazides (I) with in situ generated ketenes proceeds via 6‐endo‐cyclization, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and intramolecular rearrangement to afford 2,6‐diaza‐bicyclo[3.2.2]non‐6‐en‐3‐ones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Group‐Modified DIOP Dioxides (Ar‐DIOPOs) and Their Application as Modular Lewis Base Catalysts.
Authors: Ohmaru Yusuke , Sato Norimasa , Mizutani Makoto , Kotani Shunsuke , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe activities of the most active Lewis bases are demonstrated in the presented reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Quaternary Amino Acids by Highly Diastereoselective [2,3]‐Rearrangement of Allylic Ammonium Ylides.
Authors: Zhu Ting‐Shun , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe chiral binaphthyl auxiliary can be easily removed to afford the corresponding quaternary α‐amino acids in high yields without loss of the optical purities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridoid Glucosides and a C13‐Norisoprenoid from Lamiophlomis rotata and Their Effects on NF‐ϰB Activation.
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Sun Lian‐na , Wang Jun , Tao Xia , Chen Wan‐Sheng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFour new iridoid glucosides (I)—(IV) and a new C13‐norisoprenoid (V) are isolated along with 16 known iridoid glycosides from Lamiophlomis rotata.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Three‐Dimensional Network of Crystalline WO3 Nanowires for Gas Sensing Application.
Authors: Qin Yuxiang , Wang Fei , Shen Wanjiang , Hu Ming 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA three‐dimensional network of crystalline WO3 nanowires is prepared by impregnation of a three‐dimensional SBA‐15 silica template with a solution of silicotungstic acid in EtOH for 6 h at room temperature followed by mineralization (300 °C for 1 h in air and 600 °C for 4 h in air) and template removal (HF solution, 20 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Neuraminidase Inhibitor Development as Antiinfluenza Drugs
Authors: Feng Enguang , Ye Deju , Li Jian , Zhang Dengyou , Wang Jinfang , Zhao Fei , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Zheng Mingyue , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractReview: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Valent Oxo‐Molybdenum and Oxo‐Rhenium Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for X—H (X: Si, B, P and H) Bond Activation and for Organic Reductions
Authors: Sousa Sara C. A. , Cabrita Ivania , Fernandes Ana C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractReview: 51 refs.
Real Options for Economic Assessments of Innovation Projects in Chemical Production
Authors: Lier Stefan , Wörsdörfer Dominik , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNeue Produktionskonzepte in der Chemieindustrie wie das der modularen Anlagen reagieren mit Flexibilität auf die Herausforderung unsicherer Randbedingungen. Der Realoptionsansatz bildet die beiden Kriterien Unsicherheit und Flexibilität in geeigneter Weise ab. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Einführung in die Realoptionsanalyse und wendet diesen Ansatz auf modulare chemische Anlagen an. Ergebnisse eines Fallbeispiels zeigen die Höhe des zusätzlichen Flexibilitätswertes je nach Grad der Unsicherheit auf. Hierbei kann sich die Vorteilhaftigkeit verschiedener Anlagenkonzepte umkehren. Sensitivitätsanalysen geben schließlich Aufschluss über die treibenden Parameter des entwickelten Bewertungsmodells.
Regeneration of Clinoptilolite Loaded with Ammonia by a Non‐Thermal Plasma Method
Authors: Müller Siegfried , Saulich Katja , Krüger Tila 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGasadsorber finden eine breite Anwendung im Bereich der Abgasreinigung sowie Aufkonzentration von Gaskomponenten. Für die Regeneration von mit Ammoniak beladenem Klinoptilolith wurde ein Pellet‐Reaktor auf der Basis einer dielektrisch behinderten Entladung entwickelt. Mit dem Verfahren konnte die Freisetzung von zuvor adsorbiertem NH3 bei relativ niedriger Temperatur und niedrigem Energieverbrauch nachgewiesen werden. Zur Optimierung wurden verschiedene Parameter wie Leistung und Pulspausenverhältnis der Versorgungsspannung variiert. Es zeigte sich, dass mit dem gewählten Plasmaverfahren das Adsorbermaterial mehrmals beladen und nachfolgend regeneriert werden konnte.
Aerobic granulation for wastewater bioremediation: A review
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zain , Mondal Pijush Kanti , Sabir Suhail 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRapid industrialisation and urbanisation releases numerous toxic compounds into natural water bodies, polluting these pristine fresh water resources. This is a subject of great concern, and the attention of environmentalists around the world has been increased towards this problem in recent years. Several techniques have been proposed for efficient wastewater treatment, most of them presenting some limitations, such as poor capacity, the generation of waste products, incomplete mineralisation and a high operating cost. Currently, aerobic granulation treatments are considered to be the most effective and economic alternative. Aerobic granulation is a process of microbial self‐immobilisation that results into a cell‐structured shape, characterised by dense biomass. Aerobic granules have a number of advantages over conventional bioflocs, such as a round and compact structure, good settling ability, high biomass retention and the ability to withstand high organic loading rates. Aerobic granulation technology has been demonstrated to be useful for a wide variety of wastewaters, including industrial, nutrient‐rich and toxic. This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of effective aerobic granulation technology for wastewater treatment selected from the point‐of‐view of basic concepts of aerobic granulation, characterisation and factors that affect aerobic granulation, demonstrating the effectiveness of the cell‐immobilisation (aerobic granulation) technique. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Photoswitchable azobenzene‐ and stilbene‐based chromophores bearing terminal nitro groups: Synthesis, thermal and photochemical properties
Authors: Yang Po‐Chih , Lee Chung‐Lin , Chen Wei‐Chun , Lin Cheng‐Yi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study examined the effects of aromatic cores and spacer lengths of chromophore structures on photoreactivity and mesomorphic properties of a series of azobenzene‐ and stilbene‐based chromophores bearing electron‐withdrawing (NO2) terminal groups caused by esterification reactions. The chromophores were composed of liquid crystalline mesophases with six or 11 methylene segments as spacers and with azobenzene (NN) and stilbene (CC) aromatic cores. The target compounds were further characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, polarising optical microscopy, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies. All of the azobenzene and stilbene derivatives with six or 11 methylene segments showed enantiotropic mesophases and revealed chiral nematic phases (cholesteric, exhibiting oily streaks textures). S6 and S11 with stilbene cores showed broader phase transition temperature ranges than A6 and A11 with azobenzene cores because of the molecular interaction enhancement of the planar stilbene structure. We investigated the effects of these photochromic compounds' structures on E/Z photoisomerisation under UV irradiation. UV irradiation caused E/Z photoisomerisation at NN and CC segments of the chromophores, leading to reversible and irreversible isomerisation respectively. These synthesised chromophores with functionally photoisomerised groups might have potential application for photoinduced alignments in liquid crystal industries.
Stealthy annotation of experimental biology by spreadsheets
Authors: Wolstencroft Katherine , Owen Stuart , Horridge Matthew , Jupp Simon , Krebs Olga , Snoep Jacky , du Preez Franco , Mueller Wolfgang , Stevens Robert , Goble Carole 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe increase in volume and complexity of biological data has led to increased requirements to reuse that data. Consistent and accurate metadata is essential for this task, creating new challenges in semantic data annotation and in the constriction of terminologies and ontologies used for annotation. The BioSharing community are developing standards and terminologies for annotation, which have been adopted across bioinformatics, but the real challenge is to make these standards accessible to laboratory scientists. Widespread adoption requires the provision of tools to assist scientists whilst reducing the complexities of working with semantics. This paper describes unobtrusive ‘stealthy’ methods for collecting standards compliant, semantically annotated data and for contributing to ontologies used for those annotations. Spreadsheets are ubiquitous in laboratory data management. Our spreadsheet‐based RightField tool enables scientists to structure information and select ontology terms for annotation within spreadsheets, producing high quality, consistent data without changing common working practices. Furthermore, our Populous spreadsheet tool proves effective for gathering domain knowledge in the form of Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies. Such a corpus of structured and semantically enriched knowledge can be extracted in Resource Description Framework (RDF), providing further means for searching across the content and contributing to Open Linked Data (http://linkeddata.org/). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Conversion of Polyenes to Monoenes by RuCl3‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation: The Case of Cashew Nutshell Liquid
Authors: Perdriau Sébastien , Harder Sjoerd , Heeres Hero J. , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCardanol, a constituent of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), was subjected to transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by RuCl3 using isopropanol as a reductant. The side chain of cardanol, which is a mixture of a triene, a diene, and a monoene, was selectively reduced to the monoene. Surprisingly, it is the C8C9 double bond that is retained with high selectivity. A similar transfer hydrogenation of linoleic acid derivatives succeeded only if the substrate contained an aromatic ring, such as a benzyl ester. TEM and a negative mercury test showed that the catalyst was homogeneous. By using ESI‐MS, ruthenium complexes were identified that contained one, two, or even three molecules of substrate, most likely as allyl complexes. The interaction between ruthenium and the aromatic ring determines selectivity in the hydrogenation reaction.
Physico‐chemical variables determining the invasion risk of freshwater habitats by alien mollusks and crustaceans
Authors: Früh Denise , Stoll Stefan , Haase Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the invasion risk of freshwater habitats and determine the environmental variables that are most favorable for the establishment of alien amphipods, isopods, gastropods, and bivalves. A total of 981 sites located in streams and rivers in Germany. Therefore we analyzed presence–absence data of alien and indigenous amphipods, isopods, gastropods, and bivalves from 981 sites located in small to large rivers in Germany with regard to eight environmental variables: chloride, ammonium, nitrate, oxygen, orthophosphate, distance to the next navigable waterway, and maximum and minimum temperature. Degraded sites close to navigable waters were exposed to an increased invasion risk by all major groups of alien species. Moreover, invaded sites by all four groups of alien species were similar, whereas the sites where indigenous members of the four groups occurred were more variable. Increased temperature and chloride concentration as well as decreased oxygen concentration were identified as major factors for the invasibility of a site. Species‐specific analyses showed that chloride was among the three most predictive environmental variables determining species assemblage in all four taxonomic groups. Also distance to the next navigable waterways was similarly important. Additionally, the minimum temperature was among the most important variables for amphipods, isopods, and bivalves. The bias in the occurrence patterns of alien species toward similarly degraded habitats suggests that the members of all four major groups of freshwater alien species are a non‐random, more tolerant set of species. Their common tolerance to salinity, high temperature, and oxygen depletion may reflect that most alien species were spread in ballast water tanks, where strong selective pressures, particularly temperature fluctuations, oxygen depletion, and increased salinity may create a bottleneck for successful invasion. Knowledge on the major factors that influence the invasion risk of a habitat is needed to develop strategies to limit the spread of invasive species.
Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by PEPPSI‐Type 1,4‐Di(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene (tzIPr) Palladium Complex
Authors: Huang Jie , Hong Jong‐Tai , Hong Soon Hyeok 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 1,4‐di(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene (tzIPr)‐based PEPPSI‐type palladium complex was developed as an excellent precatalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. The complex showed high activity under mild conditions for the cross‐coupling reactions between various types of aryl chlorides and aryl boronic acids regardless of the steric and electronic nature of the substrates.
Evaluation of genetic damage in open‐cast coal mine workers using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay
Authors: Rohr Paula , da Silva Juliana , da Silva Fernanda R. , Sarmento Merielen , Porto Carem , Debastiani Rafaela , dos Santos Carla E. I. , Dias Johnny F. , Kvitko Kátia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCoal is the largest fossil fuel source used for the generation of energy. However, coal extraction and its use constitute important pollution factors; thus, risk characterization and estimation are extremely important for the safety of coal workers and the environment. Candiota is located to the southeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and has the largest coal reserves in Brazil, and the largest thermal power complex in the state. In the open‐cast mines, the coal miners are constantly exposed to coal dust. The human buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has been used widely to investigate biomarkers for DNA damage, cell death, and basal cell frequency in buccal cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether prolonged exposure to coal dust could lead to an increase in genomic instability, cell death, and frequency of basal cells using the BMCyt assay. In the analysis of epithelial cells, the exposed group (n = 41) presented with a significantly higher frequency of basal cells, micronuclei in basal and differentiated cells, and binucleated cells compared to the non‐exposed group (n = 29). The exposed group showed a significantly lower frequency of condensed chromatin cells than the non‐exposed group. However, we found no correlation between DNA damage and metal concentration in the blood of mine workers. DNA damage observed in the mine workers may be a consequence of oxidative damage resulting from exposure to coal residue mixtures. In addition, our findings confirm that the BMCyt assay can be used to identify occupational risk. Mol. Mutagen. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic sediment quality guidelines based on contaminant bioavailability: Equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks
Authors: Burgess Robert M. , Berry Walter J. , Mount David R. , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Globally, estimated costs to manage (i.e., remediate and monitor) contaminated sediments are in the billions of U.S. dollars. Biologically based approaches for assessing the contaminated sediments which pose the greatest ecological risk range from toxicity testing to benthic community analysis. In addition, chemically based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) provide a relatively inexpensive line of evidence for supporting these assessments. The present study summarizes a mechanistic SQG based on equilibrium partitioning (EqP), which uses the dissolved concentrations of contaminants in sediment interstitial waters as a surrogate for bioavailable contaminant concentrations. The EqP-based mechanistic SQGs are called equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks (ESBs). Sediment concentrations less than or equal to the ESB values are not expected to result in adverse effects and benthic organisms should be protected, while sediment concentrations above the ESB values may result in adverse effects to benthic organisms. In the present study, ESB values are reported for 34 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 32 other organic contaminants, and seven metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, silver, zinc). Also included is an overview of EqP theory, ESB derivation, examples of applying ESB values, and considerations when using ESBs. The ESBs are intended as a complement to existing sediment-assessment tools, to assist in determining the extent of sediment contamination, to help identify chemicals causing toxicity, and to serve as targets for pollutant loading control measures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:102–114. © 2012 SETAC