bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an international p53 mutation database as a foundation for an online laboratory in an upper level undergraduate biology class
Authors: Melloy Patricia G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA two‐part laboratory exercise was developed to enhance classroom instruction on the significance of p53 mutations in cancer development. Students were asked to mine key information from an international database of p53 genetic changes related to cancer, the IARC TP53 database. Using this database, students designed several data mining activities to look at the changes in the p53 gene from a number of perspectives, including potential cancer‐causing agents leading to particular changes and the prevalence of certain p53 variations in certain cancers. In addition, students gained a global perspective on cancer prevalence in different parts of the world. Students learned how to use the database in the first part of the exercise, and then used that knowledge to search particular cancers and cancer‐causing agents of their choosing in the second part of the exercise. Students also connected the information gathered from the p53 exercise to a previous laboratory exercise looking at risk factors for cancer development. The goal of the experience was to increase student knowledge of the link between p53 genetic variation and cancer. Students also were able to walk a similar path through the website as a cancer researcher using the database to enhance bench work‐based experiments with complementary large‐scale database p53 variation information. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(1):28–32, 2015.
Simulating an investigative study of clinical cancer samples: Use of tissue slides and PCR‐based promoter‐hypermethylation analysis
Authors: Chew Yuan Yuan , Chin Cheen Fei , Yeong Foong May 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTopics on the molecular basis underlying cancer are quite popular among students. Also, excellent textbooks abound that provide interesting materials for discussion during lectures and tutorials about major events leading to cancer formation and progression. However, much less is available for students to conduct experiments for the analysis of cancer samples in undergraduate modules where there is a limited time‐frame. Given the difficulty of working with cancer samples and the scarcity of good samples even in the clinical laboratories, it is impossible to run large‐class practicals using patients' samples. Here, we describe the use of tissue slides in combination with polymerase‐chain reaction (PCR) as a means of simulating an investigative approach to supplement students' learning of clinical research. By using tissue slides for histo‐pathogical examinations and specific budding yeast genomic DNA and primers adapted to demonstrate methylation‐specific PCR, we designed an inquiry‐based lab session to simulate the clinical investigation of a cohort of biopsies that students could analyze in a one‐session practical. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(1):39–46, 2015.
A New Class of Tunable Heterojunction by using Two Support Materials for the Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Liao Fenglin , Lo Ben Tsz , Sexton Douglas , Qu Jin , Ma Chensheng , Chan Rath Chau‐Ting , Lu Qin , Che Renchao , Kwok Wai‐Ming , He Heyong , Fairclough Simon , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFinely dispersed Rh or Pd nanoparticles are decorated with a small quantity of Fe atoms, originating from the controlled reduction of two supports, the mixed oxides of ZnFe2O4–Fe2O3, to form supported RhFe or PdFe bimetallic nanoparticles without significant change in particle size. The selectivity of ethylene glycol hydrogenolysis can be manipulated by adjusting the compositions of the catalysts. This reveals the important underlying principle for rational design and synthesis of new supported bimetallic nanoparticles by using two mixed oxides with a tailored heterojunction that exerts tuning catalytic properties.
A Versatile Total Synthesis of Trachycladines A and B and Their Analogues
Authors: Peitsinis Zisis V. , Melidou Dafni A. , Stefanakis John G. , Evgenidou Helen , Koumbis Alexandros E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of marine nucleosides trachycladines A and B and two nucleoside analogues was accomplished following a versatile and high‐yielding scheme starting from D‐ribose. The key step involved a regio‐ and stereoselective direct Vorbrüggen glycosylation reaction between the appropriate nucleobase and a common intermediate, 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐5‐deoxyribofuranose triacetate.
Electrochemical Oxidation of 2,4,6‐Tribromophenol in Aqueous‐Alcoholic Media
Authors: Marková Eva , Kučerová Pavla , Skopalová Jana , Barták Petr 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElectrooxidation of 2,4,6‐tribromophenol on platinum gauze electrode in 90 % (v/v) alcohol (methanol, ethanol, propan‐1‐ol, butan‐1‐ol) was studied. Products were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Structures of several different types of monomeric as well as dimeric alkoxy derivatives have been suggested according to mass spectra of the detected products. Series of 2,6‐dibromo‐4‐alkoxyphenols, 2,4,6‐tribromo‐6‐alkoxycyclohexa‐2,4‐dien‐1‐ones and 2,6‐dibromo‐6‐alkoxycyclohex‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diones were found. By analogy to identified monomeric alkoxy derivatives, a serie of dimeric 2,6‐dibromo‐4‐(2,6‐dibromo‐4‐alkoxyphenoxy)phenols was suggested and identified in respective chromatograms as well.
Electrochemical Measurement of Gold Oxide Reduction and Methods for Acid Neutralization and Minimization of Water in Wet Ionic Liquid
Authors: Droessler Janelle E. , Czerwinski Kenneth R. , Hatchett David W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe formation and reduction of gold oxide in wet ionic liquid (IL), N‐trimethyl‐N‐butylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, ([Me3NnBu][TFSI]) is examined. The water concentration is determined using both the charge and peak current from the reduction of gold oxide and compared directly with Karl Fischer data. The quantitative determination of water in the IL is demonstrated for concentrations between 0.09 and 0.74 by weight (w%). The treatment of wet IL with dry nitrogen or molecular sieves reduces the water below background levels. Finally, methods for acid neutralization and the reduction of water with molecular sieves are conducted to minimize their impact on subsequent electrochemical measurements.
W.R. Ambrose: an archaeological boffin
Authors: Golson Jack 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWal Ambrose has a special status in his profession because he is both archaeologist and archaeometrician. This paper discusses not only the nature of his contributions in conservation and materials analysis, particularly of obsidian, but also the archaeological contexts in which the work was done. It is a celebration of the achievements of an individual of remarkable talents who has put his colleagues greatly in his debt in the fields in which he has operated.
Material sources of basalt and obsidian artefacts from a prehistoric settlement site on Norfolk Island, South Pacific
Authors: Anderson Atholl , Ambrose Wal , Leach Foss , Weisler Marshall 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent discovery of a prehistoric archaeological site at Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, enables the question of settlement origins to be revisited. Analysis of a sample of basalt flakes by non‐destructive, energy‐dispersive XRF analysis indicates that there was local adze production, not merely refurbishment, suggesting that quarry and reduction sites might yet be discovered. Analysis of an obsidian blade by major elements and PIXE shows that it originated in a Raoul Island (Kermadecs) source. It is hypothesized that the colonisation history of the Norfolk group belongs with those of other temperate archipelagoes (Kermadecs, Chathams, Snares) which appear to have originated in New Zealand rather than tropical Polynesia.
The loneliness of an obsidian source in southwest Manus
Authors: Kennedy Jean 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOf two obsidian source areas in the Admiralty Islands (Manus Province, Papua New Guinea), only the Lou‐Pam Islands source has a well‐established place in archaeological distributions both local and regional. From the other source area in southwest Manus Island, many sites have been recorded following their exposure by bulldozers. These sites contain retouched obsidian point fragments like those from the Emsin workshop site excavated on Lou Island. Comparison of the two sets confirms the close similarity. The evidence suggests that manufacture and use are both represented in the southwest Manus collection and, since the only point fragment so far analysed derives from Lou, that material from both sources was being used. A review of the ethnographic evidence suggests that the regional integrative network in the past might not have distinguished obsidian by source as strongly as in the period of ethnographic description.
Early pottery exchange along the South coast of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bickler Simon H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe results of chemical and petrographic analysis of 184 potsherds from 42 Early Period sites on the southern coast of Papua New Guinea are described. The sites are located from the Gulf of Papua to Yule Island and Port Moresby. In analysing the material an exploratory approach using multivariate statistics creates ‘source’ groups of sherds whose distribution in Early Period sites can then be examined for evidence of trade and exchange. The research establishes the presence of local and long distance pottery networks in these areas between 1900 and 850 cal BP. The evidence suggests that pottery exchange from the Yule Island sites to the Gulf took place simultaneously with the earliest local pottery manufacturing around Yule Island. From around 1400 cal BP on, Yule Island potters were joined by Port Moresby potters in moving their wares to the Gulf.
Dates, disturbance and artefact distributions: another analysis of Buang Merabak, a Pleistocene site on New Ireland, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Leavesley Matthew , Allen Jim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRosenfeld (1997) recently reported her excavations and the stratigraphy and radiometric chronology at Buang Merabak, a site probably first occupied c.32,000 radiocarbon years ago. While that report contains brief summaries of the artefact classes, we have now carried out more detailed analyses of these artefacts and report them here. Despite the need for further radiometric dating, we conclude, contra Rosenfeld, that the Pleistocene layers of this site are largely intact and offer further important evidence of Pleistocene human behaviour in New Ireland. These data both complement and extend the data from similarly aged sites in the region.
Radiocarbon dates from archaeological rat bones: the Pleasant River case
Authors: Smith Ian , Anderson Atholl 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAMS radiocarbon determinations on rat bone gelatin from Pleasant River, New Zealand, are presented. These differ significantly from radiocarbon ages for the same deposits on multiple samples of other materials, and in conjunction with previously reported data from Shag River Mouth show a consistent pattern of divergence between the results from two laboratories suggesting that pretreatment or other laboratory procedures may have influenced the results.
Luminescence dates and stratigraphic analyses at Lake Mungo: review and new perspectives
Authors: Bowler J.M. , Price D.M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA thermoluminescence dating program has sampled 3 sites on the shores of Lake Mungo, the burial sites Mungo I and Mungo III and the site of earlier palaeomagnetic studies. Two sites on Outer Arumpo lake at Long Water Hole gully and the Outer Arumpo lunette, provide a basis for comparison with ages from Lake Mungo and between lake basin and lakeshore sediments within the Outer Arumpo sequence.Most results show reasonable agreement, both with previous TL results and with available radiocarbon ages. The Golgol unit is confirmed as older than 100 ka. Ages beyond 40 ka from the upper levels of the Lower Mungo unit at Lake Mungo and from the equivalent sands on the Outer Arumpo lunette provide upper limits to ages of burials inserted into the Lower Mungo sands (Mungo I and III).Some problems arise in TL signals from lacustrine sediments which, in samples from Long Water Hole gully, appear too young compared to apparently more reliable results from aeolian components.
The age of Lapita settlement in Fiji
Authors: Anderson Atholl , Clark Geoffrey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent and earlier research in Fiji has documented the approximate period of settlement there during the Lapita era. Age estimates extended back to about 3200 BP. A survey of the radiocarbon ages from sites containing dentate‐stamped pottery, and especially from sites or levels where there are only Lapita wares, indicates that there is no convincing case for Lapita settlement earlier than about 2900 cal BP. In fact, the period of dentate‐stamped ceramics might have been quite brief and dated to about 2800–2700 cal BP.
At the centre of it all: constructing contact through the rock art of Watarrka National Park, central Australia
Authors: Frederick Ursula K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper offers an account of rock art research on contact and challenges some of the basic assumptions underlying previous approaches to contact rock art. It is argued that many Australian rock art studies incorporating contact art offer merely descriptive accounts of introduced objects without exploring the underlying social processes motivating and directing change within the art system. This study outlines a number of interpretations about the nature and patterning of contact rock art within a specific rock art assemblage in Watarrka National Park, central Australia. These conclusions were reached through the adoption of an analytical archaeological approach informed by readings of anthropological and historical data. The results of this analysis indicate that contact rock art does not merely reflect a series of historical events and the imposition of foreign forces, rather it represents a more complex exchange involving losses and gains. They further indicate that the rock art process of contact is a record of change and continuity which served not only to reflect the changes brought by Europeans but also highlights the active role Indigenous people took in responding to these circumstances.
Building blocks and stepping stones: some key foundations in the development of rock art conservation in Australia
Authors: Hall Nicholas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAustralia has come to be regarded as at the forefront internationally in the development of sound theoretical and technical approaches to the conservation of rock art, and in the way in which conservation is practiced here sensitive to the social context of a continuing, custodial indigenous community. This reputation has arisen in the last 20 years, as heritage managers, Aboriginal communities and academics have attempted to respond to the frequently voiced fears that we were on the brink of ‘losing’ the continent's rock art heritage. In 1980 and 1981, the Joint Academies Committee on the Protection of Prehistoric Places met to discuss national directions and priorities in rock art conservation. This paper looks at some of the key achievements arising from the Committee's recommendations which have formed crucial stepping stones to bring rock art conservation to where we stand now. In doing this, the paper specifically seeks to recognise the contribution of Andrée Rosenfeld and place in context the contribution she has made to rock art conservation, most prominently through her book: Rock art conservation in Australia. In revisiting this recent history, a number of priorities for future activity in rock art conservation become apparent.
Carnivores, taphonomy and dietary stress at Puntutjarpa, Serpent's Glen and Intitjikula
Authors: Walshe Keryn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractO'Connor, Veth and Campbell (1998) and Gould (1996) use the faunal assemblages from Serpent's Glen, Puntutjarpa and Intitjikula to suggest that humans are the primary agent in reducing bone to very small fragments. They argue that reduction facilitates ingestion of bone which in turn alleviates dietary stress. Gould and O'Connor et al. believe that dietary stress is an influential factor operating across Central Australia throughout the Pleistocene and early Holocene, reflecting fluctuating conditions. This paper argues that mammalian carnivores, not humans, are the primary agents of bone reduction. O'Connor et al's (1998) and Gould's interpretation (1996) of vertebrate assemblages appear to misread Australian carnivore behaviour. Their methods also suggest misconceptions about the valid use of comparative samples in vertebrate analysis. This discussion makes clear that all three assemblages have been modified by carnivores and as such demonstrate little, if any direct evidence of resource stress in the diets of arid dwelling Indigenous people.
Assemblage variability in the Willandra Lakes
Authors: Hiscock Peter , Allen Harry 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn examination of existing typological descriptions of the stone artefact assemblages from the Willandra Lakes facilitates the development of basic models about assemblage variability in the region. After defining some of the limitations of the data set we illustrate well‐defined spatial patterns in assemblage composition and hypothesise that they reflect a strategy of provisioning the lunette landscape with stone artefacts that were robust and with a comparatively high potential for further use/reduction. These conclusions undermine the notion of the ‘Core tool and scraper tradition’ as an appropriate depiction of assemblage composition and variability in the Willandra Lakes region.
Coastal and inland Lapita sites in Vanua Levu, Fiji
Authors: Parke Aubrey L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper records preliminary results from archaeological investigations of three sites on the island of Vanua Levu, Fiji. Two are coastal. One which produced Lapita pottery with features such as carination, notches and dentate stamping is four km inland. All have yielded unusual phallus‐shaped vertical handles which may be contemporary with the Lapita pottery. Other discoveries include two highly‐polished basalt adzes and an oval pottery disk.
Archaeological investigation of Omis Cave: a Yapese stone money quarry in Palau
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStone money disks, predominantly quarried in Palau, were part of a complex political economy on Yap and obtained through a series of exchange relations with Palauan clans or villages. Though ethnographic and ethnohistorical records provide some insight into this exchange relationship, a lack of archaeological data has prevented a better understanding of the methods involved in stone money production and how quarry sites were used by Yapese. I present the first systematic surface survey and excavation of a stone money quarry and document evidence for the only example of Pacific Islanders' carving and transporting of carbonate rock between culturally distinct island groups. Archaeological results obtained from survey and excavation at Omis Cave complement ethnohistoric and ethnographic accounts.
Modelling past Aboriginal hunter‐gatherer socio‐economic and territorial organisation in Western Australia's lower south‐west
Authors: Dortch Charles E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPast Aboriginal hunter‐gatherer adaptation is modelled in Western Australia's ‘lower South‐west’ — an informally named archaeological study area incorporating coastal and immediate hinterland districts from the Swan Region southward to Cape Leeuwin and then eastward to King George Sound. The modelling is principally based on Stanner's concepts of estate ownership and interpenetrative ranges, and is developed regionally through review of ethnohistoric records describing the mobile systems of land usage practiced by Nyungar‐speaking groups in this most south‐westerly part of the South‐western cultural bloc. These records show that the ecological and demographic viability of these contiguously distributed open systems was sustained through reciprocal arrangements between families, local descent groups and bands, at times interacting in larger groupings provisionally termed ‘middle‐tier’ socio‐economic units. Five ethnologically recorded ‘tribal’ or ‘dialect’ group territories reaching across the study area provide the biogeographical and topographical framework for this systemic model, framed within parameters of spatial, demographic and social behaviour formulated for the European Palaeolithic. The regional record of archaeological sites classifiable as congregative or dispersive supports the territorial and socio‐economic modelling. Site complexes in the Leeuwin‐Naturaliste Region and the Swan Region reflect adaptive systems existing through a broad span of Late Quaternary time.
Late Pleistocene human occupation of inland rainforest, Bird's Head, Papua
Authors: Pasveer Juliette M. , Clarke Simon J. , Miller Gifford H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper reports new AMS dates for Late Pleistocene occupation of the Ayamaru Plateau in the central Bird's Head of Papua. Two cave sites, Kria Cave and Toé Cave, together provide occupation sequences that span the Holocene and extend back to the Last Glacial Maximum. The associated faunal remains suggest that this lowland area has supported continuous rainforest cover throughout the entire period of occupation. During the Last Glacial Maximum a suite of montane mammal species extended their altitudinal range down onto the plateau, some persisting locally until around 6000 BP. While the Late Pleistocene age of the basal deposit in Toé Cave was previously suggested, new AMS radiocarbon dates on Casuarius eggshell confirm occupation from 24,000 cal BP. Amino acid racemisation data paired with the AMS dates, provide additional support for the improved chronology. The new dates indicate consistent human exploitation of lowland rainforest environments in a relatively rugged and remote region of the central Bird's Head.
Coastal sites and severe weather in Cape Range peninsula, northwest Australia
Authors: Przywolnik Kathryn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe occurrence of Tropical Cyclone Vance, which entered the Exmouth Gulf on March 22 1999, presented an opportunity to study in detail the effects of extreme storm conditions on coastal sites in northern Cape Range peninsula. A post‐cyclone survey of all sites in the study area was undertaken in July 1999, four months after the cyclone struck and aimed to quantify and characterise the effects of a single extreme cyclonic event on coastal archaeological sites. This paper presents the results of this survey and implications for studying coastal archaeological sites in Australia.