bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incident pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes among HIV‐infected women in Uganda and Zimbabwe
Authors: Lancaster Kathryn E. , Kwok Cynthia , Rinaldi Anne , Byamugisha Josaphat , Magwali Tulani , Nyamapfeni Prisca , Salata Robert A. , Morrison Charles S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe pregnancy outcomes among HIV‐infected women and examine factors associated with live birth among those receiving and not receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).MethodsThe present analysis included women with HIV from Uganda and Zimbabwe who participated in a prospective cohort study during 2001–2009. Incident pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes were recorded quarterly. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate incident pregnancy probabilities; factors associated with live birth were evaluated by Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations.ResultsAmong 306 HIV‐infected women, there were 160 incident pregnancies (10.1 per 100 women‐years). The pregnancy rate was higher among cART‐naïve women than among those receiving cART (10.7 vs 5.5 per 100 women‐years; P = 0.047), and it was higher in Uganda than in Zimbabwe (14.4 vs 7.7 per 100 women‐years; P < 0.001). Significant associations were noted between a live birth and prenatal care (relative risk 3.9; 95% confidence interval 2.2–6.9) and illness during pregnancy (relative risk 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.7–1.0).ConclusionWomen not receiving cART have higher pregnancy rates than do those receiving cART, but cART use might not affect the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Timely prenatal care and monitoring of illnesses during pregnancy should be incorporated into treatment services for HIV‐infected women.
Subjective well-being in older adults: folate and vitamin B12independently predict positive affect
Authors: Edney Laura C. , Burns Nicholas R. , Danthiir Vanessa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVitamin B12, folate and homocysteine have long been implicated in mental illness, and growing evidence suggests that they may play a role in positive mental health. Elucidation of these relationships is confounded due to the dependence of homocysteine on available levels of vitamin B12and folate. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine and subjective well-being were assessed in a sample of 391 older, community-living adults without clinically diagnosed depression. Levels of vitamin B12, but not folate, influenced homocysteine levels 18 months later. Vitamin B12, folate and their interaction significantly predicted levels of positive affect (PA) 18 months later, but had no impact on the levels of negative affect or life satisfaction. Cross-sectional relationships between homocysteine and PA were completely attenuated in the longitudinal analyses, suggesting that the cross-sectional relationship is driven by the dependence of homocysteine on vitamin B12and folate. This is the first study to offer some evidence of a causal link between levels of folate and vitamin B12on PA in a large, non-clinical population.
Vitamin D receptor Cdx-2-dependent response of central obesity to vitamin D intake in the subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Shab-Bidar Sakineh , Neyestani Tirang R. , Djazayery Abolghassem 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of daily intake of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (doogh) on central obesity indicators in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the possible modulation of this effect by vitamin D receptor (VDR) Cdx-2 genotypes. A total of sixty T2D subjects were randomly allocated to two groups to receive either plain doogh (PD; n 29, containing 170 mg Ca and no vitamin D/250 ml) or vitamin D3-fortified doogh (FD; n 31, containing 170 mg Ca and 12·5 μg/250 ml) twice a day for 12 weeks. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), glycaemic as well as adiposity indicators were evaluated before and after the intervention. VDR-Cdx-2 genotypes in extended number of T2D subjects in the FD group (n 60) were determined as AA, GA and GG. After 12 weeks, in FD compared with PD, serum 25(OH)D increased (+35·4 v. −4·8 nmol/l; P<0·001) and mean changes of waist circumference (WC; −1·3 v. +1·6 cm; P=0·02), body fat mass (FM; −1·9 v. +0·60 %; P=0·008), truncal fat (TF; −1·1 v. 0·13 %; P=0·003) and visceral adipose tissue (−0·80 v. +0·37 AU; P<0·001) decreased significantly. Circulating 25(OH)D was raised only in the AA group (34·8 nmo/l in AA group v. −6·4 nmol/l in AG and −1·6 nmol/l in GG groups; P<0·001), which was accompanied by a significant decrease in changes of WC (P=0·004), FM% (P=0·01) and TF% (P<0·001) in the AA genotype. Daily intake of vitamin D-FD for 12 weeks improved the central obesity indices in T2D subjects, and the improvement was more pronounced in the carriers of the AA genotype of VDR-Cdx-2.
A pilot duplicate diet study on manganese, selenium and chromium intakes in institutionalised children and adolescents from Guatemala
Authors: Cabrera-Vique Carmen , Briones Mercedes , Muros José Joaquín , Seiquer Isabel , Sánchez José Antonio , Rodríguez Guillermo , Giménez Rafael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHidden hunger occurs in the presence of an otherwise nutritionally or energetically appropriate diet that is deficient in essential vitamins and minerals. Guatemala has the highest rate of child malnutrition in Latin America and the prevalence of hidden hunger is high. The aim of this study was to determine the Mn, Se and Cr dietary intakes in Guatemalan institutionalised children (4–14 years), a population group at high risk of mineral deficiency. For this purpose, the contents of Mn, Se and Cr were analysed in a duplicate diet (for 7 consecutive days) by electrothermal atomisation-atomic absorption spectrophotometry following acid digestion. Mn, Se and Cr intakes from the duplicate diets were in the range of 1·3–2·31 mg/d, 58·7–69·6 µg/d and 6·32–27·57 µg/d, respectively. Mn and Cr values were below current recommended daily intakes. A cereal- and legumes-based diet is habitually consumed by this population. Local vegetables, fruits and nutritional supplements are included daily, but the consumption of fish, meat, eggs and dairy products is very infrequent or negligible. Mean daily energy intake from the 7-d diet was 8418·2 kJ (2012 kcal), with a macronutrient energy distribution of carbohydrates 69·4 %, proteins 12·3 % and fats 18·3 %. Correlations between Mn, Se and Cr intakes and energy and other nutrient intakes were also evaluated. The present findings will help establish new nutritional strategies for this and similar population groups.
European Workers in Brazilian Coalmining, Rio Grande do Sul, 1850–1950
Authors: Gontarski Speranza Clarice 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCoalmining in Brazil began in the mid-nineteenth century in the municipality of São Jerônimo, Rio Grande do Sul, the country’s southernmost state. European workers were brought in and joined Brazilian workers, mostly local peasants with no experience in mining. This article discusses the role played by the immigrants in the making of a working class in the coalfields of southern Brazil. The research on which this article is based draws on numerous sources, including lawsuits and the application forms used to request professional licences. It focuses on ethnic and racial ambiguity, and on political strategies. The identity of the miners in the region is commonly represented as an amalgam of all ethnic groups, but this article shows that this self-propagated solidarity and cohesion among workers had its limits.
Should social psychologists create a disciplinary affirmative action program for political conservatives?
Authors: Shweder Richard A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFreely staying on the move between alternative points of view is the best antidote to dogmatism. Robert Merton's ideals for an epistemic community are sufficient to correct pseudo-empirical studies designed to confirm beliefs that liberals (or conservatives) think deserve to be true. Institutionalizing the self-proclaimed political identities of social psychologists may make things worse.
Lost in the city: Yes's ‘Heart of the Sunrise’ and the expansion of musical expression in rock
Authors: Palmer John R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractYes's ‘Heart of the Sunrise’ addresses one of the primary concerns of the counterculture: the alienation of the individual from humanity by the dominant consumerist, ‘plastic’ culture, represented by the city. In their expression of the effects of alienation, Yes expanded the musical vocabulary of rock, for while the allusive imagery of the song's text relates the locus of the protagonist and his being ‘lost’ amid the population of the city, the arrangement of the song and the purely instrumental passages lay bare the frustration of an individual unable to establish intimate, human relationships. Contemporary commentary on hippie perceptions of, and reactions to, mainstream culture provides a background to an analysis that demonstrates the descriptive power of the instrumental passages in this 1971 work.
‘James Brown’, ‘Jamesbrown’, James Brown: Black (music) from the getup
Authors: Brar Dhanveer Singh 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe following article addresses the question of the blackness and radicalism of James Brown's musical performances during what was arguably the peak of his career, between 1964 and 1971. Using analytical frameworks from the fields of black studies, performance studies and cultural theory, this article presents an argument for listening to Brown's music in terms of the modalities of rupture. The activity of rupture is tracked through the preface to his autobiography, the stage performance he developed in the early part of his career, and the experiments in rhythm he orchestrated with his band in 1964. The article culminates in a close listening of the 1971 record ‘Super Bad’ as the aesthetic height of a black radicalism Brown was producing through his music.
Iatrogenic “aortopulmonary window”: percutaneous rescue closure as a bridge to surgical repair
Authors: Marini Davide , Ferraro Gaetana , Agnoletti Gabriella 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present the case of a 15-year-old boy who underwent arterial switch operation due to transposition of the great arteries with severe scoliosis, obstruction of the right coronary ostium, and severe stenosis of the pulmonary trunk. Balloon angioplasty caused a large aortopulmonary shunt provoking myocardial ischaemia and pulmonary hypertension. The traumatic “aortopulmonary window” was percutaneously occluded using an Amplatzer Septal Occluder device as a bridge to surgical repair.
Management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum: a two-centre experience
Authors: Sathanandam Shyam K. , Philip Ranjit , Gamboa David , Van Bergen Andrew , Ilbawi Michel N. , Knott-Craig Christopher , Waller B. Rush , Javois Alexander J. , Cuneo Bettina F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionHypoplastic left heart syndrome with an intact atrial septum is a poor predictor of outcomes. Prenatal assessment of pulmonary venous Doppler and emergent postnatal cardiac intervention may be associated with better outcomes.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of all hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients in two centres over a 5-year period was performed. Group 1 included patients with adequate inter-atrial communication. Group 2 included patients with prenatal diagnosis with an intact atrial septum who had immediate transcatheter intervention. Group 3 included patients with intact atrial septum who were not prenatally diagnosed and underwent either delayed intervention or no intervention before stage 1 palliation. Primary outcome was survival up to stage 2 palliation.ResultsThe incidence of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with a restrictive atrial communication was 11.2% (n=19 of 170). Overall survival to stage 2 or heart transplantation was 85% and 67% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (n=129/151, n=8/12; p=0.03), and 0% (n=0/7) for Group 3. Survival benefits were observed between Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). Foetal pulmonary vein Doppler reverse/forward velocity time integral ratio of ⩾18% (sensitivity, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.58–1; specificity, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.96–1) was predictive of the need for emergent left atrial decompression.ConclusionUsing a multidisciplinary approach and foetal pulmonary vein Doppler, time-saving measures can be instituted by delivering prenatally diagnosed neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum close to the cardiac catheterisation suite where left atrial decompression can be performed quickly and safely that may improve survival.
Association between women’s empowerment and infant and child feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Na Muzi , Jennings Larissa , Talegawkar Sameera A , Ahmed Saifuddin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between women’s empowerment and WHO recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignAnalysis was conducted using data from ten Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2013. Women’s empowerment was assessed by nine standard items covering three dimensions: economic, socio-familial and legal empowerment. Three core IYCF practices examined were minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were applied for the IYCF practices on dimensional and overall empowerment in each country.SettingBenin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zimbabwe.SubjectsYoungest singleton children aged 6–23 months and their mothers (n15 153).ResultsLess than 35 %, 60 % and 18 % of children 6–23 months of age met the criterion of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet, respectively. In general, likelihood of meeting the recommended IYCF criteria was positively associated with the economic dimension of women’s empowerment. Socio-familial empowerment was negatively associated with the three feeding criteria, except in Zimbabwe. The legal dimension of empowerment did not show any clear pattern in the associations. Greater overall empowerment of women was consistently and positively associated with multiple IYCF practices in Mali, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. However, consistent negative relationships were found in Benin and Niger. Null or mixed results were observed in the remaining countries.ConclusionsThe importance of women’s empowerment for IYCF practices needs to be discussed by context and by dimension of empowerment.
Contact and fumigant toxicity of five pesticidal plants against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Mkenda Prisila A. , Stevenson Philip C. , Ndakidemi Patrick , Farman Dudley I. , Belmain Steven R. 
Published: September 2015

Insecticidal activities of five pesticidal plant species,Tephrosia vogelii,Dysphania(Syn:Chenopodium)ambrosioides,Lippia javanica,Tithonia diversifoliaandVernonia amygdalina, which have been reported to control storage pests, were evaluated as leaf powders againstCallosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius 1775) in stored cowpea. Their efficacy was compared with the commercial pesticide Actellic dust (pirimiphos-methyl) at the recommended concentration (50 g/90 kg), and with untreated cowpea seeds as a negative control. The plant powders were applied at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 3 g/10 g of cowpea seeds in 250 ml plastic containers (to measure contact toxicity), or 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 g tied in small muslin cloth bags and hung in 500 ml plastic bottles containing 10 g of cowpea seeds (to measure fumigant toxicity). Mortality of adults, oviposition deterrence, adult emergence, and percent seed damage were recorded. Complete protection of seeds and inhibition of adult emergence were achieved in Actellic dust-treated seeds; contact toxicity using leaf powders ofT. vogeliiat all concentrations,D. ambrosioidesat concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 3 g andL. javanicaat concentrations of 1 and 3 g; and fumigant toxicity usingD.ambrosioidesat concentrations of 0.5 and 5 g andL.javanicaat a concentration of 5 g. Head space analysis ofD.ambrosioidesandL.javanicaidentified ascaridole and camphor, respectively, as components that could be responsible for the bioactivity of these plant species. These plants may, therefore, serve as effective but less harmful biopesticide alternatives to Actellic. Conversely,V.amygdalinaandT.diversifoliawere not effective, indicating that they should not be promoted for controlling bruchids in cowpea.
A novel ER–microtubule-binding protein, ERLIN2, stabilizes Cyclin B1 and regulates cell cycle progression
Authors: Zhang Xuebao , Cai Juan , Zheng Ze , Polin Lisa , Lin Zhenghong , Dandekar Aditya , Li Li , Sun Fei , Finley Russell L , Fang Deyu , Yang Zeng-Quan , Zhang Kezhong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe gene encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lipid raft-associated protein 2 (ERLIN2) is amplified in human breast cancers. ERLIN2 gene mutations were also found to be associated with human childhood progressive motor neuron diseases. Yet, an understanding of the physiological function and mechanism for ERLIN2 remains elusive. In this study, we reveal that ERLIN2 is a spatially and temporally regulated ER–microtubule-binding protein that has an important role in cell cycle progression by interacting with and stabilizing the mitosis-promoting factors. Whereas ERLIN2 is highly expressed in aggressive human breast cancers, during normal development ERLIN2 is expressed at the postnatal stage and becomes undetectable in adulthood. ERLIN2 interacts with the microtubule component α-tubulin, and this interaction is maximal during the cell cycle G2/M phase where ERLIN2 simultaneously interacts with the mitosis-promoting complex Cyclin B1/Cdk1. ERLIN2 facilitates K63-linked ubiquitination and stabilization of Cyclin B1 protein in G2/M phase. Downregulation of ERLIN2 results in cell cycle arrest, represses breast cancer proliferation and malignancy and increases sensitivity of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs. In summary, our study revealed a novel ER–microtubule-binding protein, ERLIN2, which interacts with and stabilizes mitosis-promoting factors to regulate cell cycle progression associated with human breast cancer malignancy.
Ultraviolet luminosity density of the universe during the epoch of reionization
Authors: Mitchell-Wynne Ketron , Cooray Asantha , Gong Yan , Ashby Matthew , Dolch Timothy , Ferguson Henry , Finkelstein Steven , Grogin Norman , Kocevski Dale , Koekemoer Anton , Primack Joel , Smidt Joseph 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe spatial fluctuations of the extragalactic background light trace the total emission from all stars and galaxies in the Universe. A multiwavelength study can be used to measure the integrated emission from first galaxies during reionization when the Universe was about 500 million years old. Here we report arcmin-scale spatial fluctuations in one of the deepest sky surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope in five wavebands between 0.6 and 1.6 μm. We model-fit the angular power spectra of intensity fluctuation measurements to find the ultraviolet luminosity density of galaxies at redshifts greater than 8 to be "Equation missing". This level of integrated light emission allows for a significant surface density of fainter primeval galaxies that are below the point-source detection level in current surveys.
Optogenetic manipulation of cGMP in cells and animals by the tightly light-regulated guanylyl-cyclase opsin CyclOp
Authors: Gao Shiqiang , Nagpal Jatin , Schneider Martin W. , Kozjak-Pavlovic Vera , Nagel Georg , Gottschalk Alexander 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCyclic GMP (cGMP) signalling regulates multiple biological functions through activation of protein kinase G and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. In sensory neurons, cGMP permits signal modulation, amplification and encoding, before depolarization. Here we implement a guanylyl cyclase rhodopsin from Blastocladiella emersonii as a new optogenetic tool (BeCyclOp), enabling rapid light-triggered cGMP increase in heterologous cells (Xenopus oocytes, HEK293T cells) and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Among five different fungal CyclOps, exhibiting unusual eight transmembrane topologies and cytosolic N-termini, BeCyclOp is the superior optogenetic tool (light/dark activity ratio: 5,000; no cAMP production; turnover (20 °C) ∼17 cGMP s−1). Via co-expressed CNG channels (OLF in oocytes, TAX-2/4 in C. elegans muscle), BeCyclOp photoactivation induces a rapid conductance increase and depolarization at very low light intensities. In O2/CO2 sensory neurons of C. elegans, BeCyclOp activation evokes behavioural responses consistent with their normal sensory function. BeCyclOp therefore enables precise and rapid optogenetic manipulation of cGMP levels in cells and animals.
Dynamic kirigami structures for integrated solar tracking
Authors: Lamoureux Aaron , Lee Kyusang , Shlian Matthew , Forrest Stephen R. , Shtein Max 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOptical tracking is often combined with conventional flat panel solar cells to maximize electrical power generation over the course of a day. However, conventional trackers are complex and often require costly and cumbersome structural components to support system weight. Here we use kirigami (the art of paper cutting) to realize novel solar cells where tracking is integral to the structure at the substrate level. Specifically, an elegant cut pattern is made in thin-film gallium arsenide solar cells, which are then stretched to produce an array of tilted surface elements which can be controlled to within ±1°. We analyze the combined optical and mechanical properties of the tracking system, and demonstrate a mechanically robust system with optical tracking efficiencies matching conventional trackers. This design suggests a pathway towards enabling new applications for solar tracking, as well as inspiring a broader range of optoelectronic and mechanical devices.
Two spatiotemporally distinct value systems shape reward-based learning in the human brain
Authors: Fouragnan Elsa , Retzler Chris , Mullinger Karen , Philiastides Marios G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAvoiding repeated mistakes and learning to reinforce rewarding decisions is critical for human survival and adaptive actions. Yet, the neural underpinnings of the value systems that encode different decision-outcomes remain elusive. Here coupling single-trial electroencephalography with simultaneously acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging, we uncover the spatiotemporal dynamics of two separate but interacting value systems encoding decision-outcomes. Consistent with a role in regulating alertness and switching behaviours, an early system is activated only by negative outcomes and engages arousal-related and motor-preparatory brain structures. Consistent with a role in reward-based learning, a later system differentially suppresses or activates regions of the human reward network in response to negative and positive outcomes, respectively. Following negative outcomes, the early system interacts and downregulates the late system, through a thalamic interaction with the ventral striatum. Critically, the strength of this coupling predicts participants’ switching behaviour and avoidance learning, directly implicating the thalamostriatal pathway in reward-based learning.