bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Compact, Intercooled and Regenerated Gas Turbine for HALE Applications
Authors: Kolden Jennifer J. , Bigbee-Hansen William J. , Iverson Donald G. 
Published: March 2015

A mechanically coupled, two spool, intercooled and regenerated gas turbine engine designed for a high altitude, long endurance (HALE) mission is described. The design philosophy was based on minimization of total energy expended using a two stage optimization process utilizing a multivariate regression and optimization technique. This optimization process addressed the impact of the propulsion system as installed on an air vehicle, including all installation effects. Weight and drag of the complete nacelle as they were affected by the characteristics of the engine was included. A brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.262 lb/hr/hp (0.159 kg/hr/kw) and mission average specific fuel consumption (MSFC) of 0.266 lb/hp-hr (0.160 kg/kW-hr) was estimated for the bare engine and an MSFC of 0.327 lb/hp-hr (0.199 kg/kW-hr) was estimated for the fully installed engine, including the nacelle drag penalty, where MSFC is defined as the total fuel required to complete the mission divided by the total energy expended during the mission.
A comparison with other gas turbine and reciprocating engines currently considered as candidates for HALE applications is also presented.
Optimization of a Multistage Axial Compressor in a Gas Turbine Engine System
Authors: Egorov I. N. 
Published: March 2015

The work presents a procedure to determine the design parameters of multistage axial compressor (MAC) rows, the parameters optimum from the point of view to assure the best integrated indices of gas turbine engine (GTE) both at the design and off-design operation mode.
Effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated with regards to solving the problems of optimum contouring by the radius of 7 rows of 4-stage fan included in a two-shaft turbofan. For the examples under consideration respective problems of non-linear programming have been set whose dimensionality reached up to 63 of the design parameters of fan blade rows.
It is shown, that the requirement to provide the best engine characteristics, integrated matching both GTE component parts (in our case these are compressor blade rows) and integrated characteristics of components included in an engine is of more importance than assuring the highest efficiency of separate components under consideration.
Statins and Voriconazole Induce Programmed Cell Death in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Martín-Navarro Carmen M. , López-Arencibia Atteneri , Sifaoui Ines , Reyes-Batlle María , Valladares Basilio , Martínez-Carretero Enrique , Piñero José E. , Maciver Sutherland K. , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Members of the genus
Acanthamoeba
are facultative pathogens of humans, causing a sight-threatening keratitis and a life-threatening encephalitis. In order to treat those infections properly, it is necessary to target the treatment not only to the trophozoite but also to the cyst. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to avoid parasite killing by necrosis, which may induce local inflammation. We must also avoid toxicity of host tissue. Many drugs which target eukaryotes are known to induce programmed cell death (PCD), but this process is poorly characterized in
Acanthamoeba
. Here, we study the processes of programmed cell death in
Acanthamoeba
, induced by several drugs, such as statins and voriconazole. We tested atorvastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin, and voriconazole at the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) and IC
90
s that we have previously established. In order to evaluate this phenomenon, we investigated the DNA fragmentation, one of the main characteristics of PCD, with quantitative and qualitative techniques. Also, the changes related to phosphatidylserine exposure on the external cell membrane and cell permeability were studied. Finally, because caspases are key to PCD pathways, caspase activity was evaluated in
Acanthamoeba
. All the drugs assayed in this study induced PCD in
Acanthamoeba
. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where PCD induced by drugs is described quantitatively and qualitatively in
Acanthamoeba
.
Development of a Microarray-Based Tool To Characterize Vaginal Bacterial Fluctuations and Application to a Novel Antibiotic Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Cruciani Federica , Biagi Elena , Severgnini Marco , Consolandi Clarissa , Calanni Fiorella , Donders Gilbert , Brigidi Patrizia , Vitali Beatrice 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

The healthy vaginal microbiota is generally dominated by lactobacilli that confer antimicrobial protection and play a crucial role in health. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent lower genital tract infection in women in reproductive age and is characterized by a shift in the relative abundances of
Lactobacillus
spp. to a greater abundance of strictly anaerobic bacteria. In this study, we designed a new phylogenetic microarray-based tool (VaginArray) that includes 17 probe sets specific for the most representative bacterial groups of the human vaginal ecosystem. This tool was implemented using the ligase detection reaction-universal array (LDR-UA) approach. The entire probe set properly recognized the specific targets and showed an overall sensitivity of 6 to 12 ng per probe. The VaginArray was applied to assess the efficacy of rifaximin vaginal tablets for the treatment of BV, analyzing the vaginal bacterial communities of 22 BV-affected women treated with rifaximin vaginal tablets at a dosage of 25 mg/day for 5 days. Our results showed the ability of rifaximin to reduce the growth of various BV-related bacteria (
Atopobium vaginae
,
Prevotella
,
Megasphaera
,
Mobiluncus
, and
Sneathia
spp.), with the highest antibiotic susceptibility for
A. vaginae
and
Sneathia
spp. Moreover, we observed an increase of
Lactobacillus crispatus
levels in the subset of women who maintained remission after 1 month of therapy, opening new perspectives for the treatment of BV.
Influence of Inflammation on Voriconazole Metabolism
Authors: Encalada Ventura M. A. , Span L. F. R. , van den Heuvel E. R. , Groothuis G. M. M. , Alffenaar J.-W. C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Voriconazole pharmacokinetics shows a large inter- and intrapatient variability. Inflammation is associated with changes in the expression of CYP isoenzymes. Here, we evaluated the influence of inflammation, marked by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in blood, on the metabolism of voriconazole. Observational data showed an association between CRP level and the ratio of voriconazole
N
-oxide to voriconazole.
Vaccination of Cattle with the N Terminus of LppQ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Results in Type III Immune Complex Disease upon Experimental Infection
Authors: Mulongo Musa , Frey Joachim , Smith Ken , Schnier Christian , Wesonga Hezron , Naessens Jan , McKeever Declan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTContagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a serious respiratory disease of cattle caused byMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoides.Current vaccines against CBPP induce short-lived immunity and can cause severe postvaccine reactions. Previous studies have identified the N terminus of the transmembrane lipoprotein Q (LppQ-N′) ofM. mycoidessubsp.mycoidesas the major antigen and a possible virulence factor. We therefore immunized cattle with purified recombinant LppQ-N′ formulated in Freund's adjuvant and challenged them withM. mycoidessubsp.mycoides. Vaccinated animals showed a strong seroconversion to LppQ, but they exhibited significantly enhanced postchallenge glomerulonephritis compared to the placebo group (P= 0.021). Glomerulonephritis was characterized by features that suggested the development of antigen-antibody immune complexes. Clinical signs and gross pathological scores did not significantly differ between vaccinated and placebo groups. These findings reveal for the first time the pathogenesis of enhanced disease as a result of antibodies against LppQ during challenge and also argue against inclusion of LppQ-N′ in a future subunit vaccine for CBPP.
PD-1 Deficiency Enhances Humoral Immunity of Malaria Infection Treatment Vaccine
Authors: Liu Taiping , Lu Xiao , Zhao Chenghao , Fu Xiaolan , Zhao Tingting , Xu Wenyue 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Malaria infection treatment vaccine (ITV) is a promising strategy to induce homologous and heterologous protective immunity against the blood stage of the parasite. However, the underlying mechanism of protection remains largely unknown. Here, we found that a malaria-specific antibody (Ab) could mediate the protective immunity of ITV-immunized mice. Interestingly, PD-1 deficiency greatly elevated the levels of both malaria-specific total IgG and subclass IgG2a and enhanced the protective efficacy of ITV-immunized mice against the blood-stage challenge. A serum adoptive-transfer assay demonstrated that the increased Ab level contributed to the enhanced protective efficacy of the immunized PD-1-deficient mice. Further study showed that PD-1 deficiency could also promote the expansion of germinal center (GC) B cells and malaria parasite-specific T
FH
cells in the spleens of ITV-immunized mice. These results suggest that PD-1 deficiency improves the protective efficacy of ITV-immunized mice by promoting the generation of malaria parasite-specific Ab and the expansion of GC B cells. The results of this study provide new evidence to support the negative function of PD-1 on humoral immunity and will guide the design of a more effective malaria vaccine.
Physical examination tests for hip dysfunction and injury
Authors: Reiman Michael P , Mather Richard C , Cook Chad E 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundPhysical examination tests for hip dysfunction and injury of the strongest diagnostic accuracy were identified in a recent systematic review with meta-analysis inBJSM. These tests are described in this article.DiscussionA detailed description of the various different tests is given, with photographs for each test procedure. Diagnostic interpretation of each test requires careful consideration, with special attention to specific variables such as test performance and patient population.
Direct Growth of Bismuth Oxyhalides Nanosheet Arrays on Carbon Cloth for Recycled Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye and 4-Nitrophenol
Authors: Li Lu , Zhang Mingyi , Liu Ying , Zhang Xitian 
Published: March 2015

BiOX ( X = Cl , Br , I ) nanosheet arrays have been grown on the surface of carbon cloth as recycled photocatalysts. Photocatalytic tests display that the BiOCl /carbon cloth heterostructures possess a much higher degradation rate compared with BiOCl grown on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) planar substrate. The photocatalytic experimental results indicate that BiOCl /carbon cloth heterostructures show excellent cyclic properties.
Chapter 13 Geology of Mesoproterozoic Chhattisgarh Basin, central India: current status and future goals
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Saha Subhojit , Das Priyabrata 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

In the last two decades multiproxy studies involving process-based sedimentology, geochronology of interbedded tuff units from different stratigraphic levels, sediment geochemistry including stable isotope signatures and documentation of structural grains within selective stratigraphic intervals from the Chhattisgarh Basin, central India have resulted in a perception change on various aspects of the basin fill including its time frame, stratigraphic framework and depositional architecture in the space–time domain. In addition to establishing a Mesoproterozoic (
c.
1450–1000 Ma) time frame for the basin on a strong foothold, these studies also proposed revision of its stratigraphy by introducing new stratigraphic units at ‘formation’ and ‘group’ level. From collation of available data, their critical evaluation and presentation of new data, the present work proposes a four-tier lithostratigraphy for the Chhattisgarh Supergroup, namely, Singhora Group, Chadarpur Group, Raipur Group and Kharsiya Group. Further, application of sequence stratigraphic rationale allowed the basin succession to be subdivided into four and three nonconformity/unconformity-bound depositional sequences in its eastern and western parts, respectively. The present chapter also highlights the potential of the basin for carrying out studies related to Mesoproterozoic ocean oxygenation and outlines the necessity of well-planned geophysical transects to resolve issues related to tectonic setup of the basin.
Chapter 15 Evolution of
c.
3.5–2.5 Ga basins of the Dharwar Craton
Authors: Sunder Raju P. V. , Eriksson P. G. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The geology and basin evolutionary history of the Dharwar Craton is discussed. The Dharwar Craton comprises western (WDC) and eastern (EDC) subdivisions (possibly separated by the Closepet granite), predicated on lithological contrasts and inferred metamorphic and magmatic evolution. A postulated genesis of the WDC comprises early,
c.
3.5 Ga protocrust, which possibly formed as basement to the
c.
3.35–3.2 Ga Sargur Group greenstone belts. The latter are thought to have formed through accretion of plume-related ocean plateaux. The approximately coeval Peninsular Gneiss Complex possibly originated from beneath plateau remnants, leading to metamorphism of Sargur Group belts at
c.
3.13–2.96 Ga. At
c.
2.9–2.6 Ga, the Dharwar Supergroup, comprising lower Bababudan (mainly braided fluvial, glaciomarine and subaerial volcanic strata) and upper Chitradurga (marine clastic, chemical sedimentary and subaqueous volcanic rocks) groups developed. This supergroup formed younger greenstone belts characterized by two distinct magmatic events, at 2.7–2.6 and 2.58–2.54 Ga; the latter was approximately coeval with
c.
2.6–2.5 Ga granitic magmatism, which marked final cratonization of the WDC. The EDC consists of 2.7–2.55 Ga tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite gneisses and migmatites, essentially coeval greenstone belts (mainly volcanic lithologies), with minor inferred remnants of an older,
c.
3.38–3.0 Ga crust, and voluminous 2.56–2.5 Ga granitoids (including the Closepet). An east–west accretion of EDC island arcs (or possibly of an assembled arc-granitic terrane) on to the WDC is postulated, and the Closepet granite perhaps accreted earlier on to the WDC to form a ‘central Dharwar’ terrane. A final voluminous granitic cratonization event affected the assembled Dharwar Craton at
c.
2.5 Ga.
Chapter 16 Tectonics of the Cuddapah Basin and a model of its evolution: a review
Authors: Matin Abdul 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin of south India is one of the most important Purana basins of Peninsular India. It hosts the Cuddapah Supergroup and the Kurnool Group of rocks. The structure of the Cuddapah Basin reveals that it forms the frontal part of a larger fold–thrust belt, named the Cuddapah fold–thrust belt (CFTB). The CFTB formed in response to the amalgamation of the Prince Charles Mountains–Rayner Complex of Antarctica with the Krishna province of India during the formation of the Rodinia Supercontinent. The CFTB, bounded by the Nellore–Khammam schist belt and Eastern Ghats terrane in the east and Peninsular Gneissic complex of the Dharwar Craton to the west, includes two frontal thrusts and foreland of an orogen. The frontal Nallamalai thrust structurally separates the basin into two blocks – the eastern Nallamalai fold belt and the western foreland. A model of evolution of the CFTB has been proposed. The CFTB, forming the front-most segment of a larger orogen associated with the intercratonic deformation related to the formation of the Rodinia Supercontinent, is the result of fault-propagation folding, forming an overturned anticline–syncline pair at the tip of the propagating Velikonda thrust which later cuts through the common limb of the fold pair.
Chapter 18 Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Nellore schist belt, southern India, since the Neoarchaean
Authors: Saha Dilip , Sain Arnab , Nandi Parijat , Mazumder Rajat , Kar Rajib 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Tectonostratigraphic development of the
c.
300 km-long Nellore schist belt (NSB) of southern India is described in relation to the post-Neoarchaean growth of the Dharwar cratonic nucleus. Lying along the eastern margin of the Dharwar cratonic nucleus, the NSB comprises several geologically and geochemically distinct tracts of deformed Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic volcanosedimentary successions: the Vinjamuru Group, the Kandra ophiolite complex (KOC), the Kanigiri ophiolitic melange (KOM) and the Udaigiri Group, arranged in relative order of younging. The high-grade Eastern Ghats belt occurs further to the east of the NSB with a tectonic contact. Thrust-transported oceanic crust remnants occur in the 1.9 Ga KOC, 1.34 Ga KOM, and the Vinjamuru Group, which show multiple deformation, amphibolite facies metamorphism and granitic intrusions. The available geological, geochemical and geochronological data have been examined to tentatively constrain the relative age of the different tectonostratigraphic units of the NSB, tectonic juxtaposition and implications in relation to global events in the Proterozoic. Subduction-related ocean closures outboard and east of the Dharwar Craton, evidenced by the KOC and KOM, possibly had links with the assembly of Columbia and its final dispersal, respectively.
Chapter 19 Geological history of the Kaladgi–Badami and Bhima basins, south India: sedimentation in a Proterozoic intracratonic setup
Authors: Dey Sukanta 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Proterozoic Kaladgi–Badami and Bhima basins are intracratonic basins occurring over the Archaean Dharwar craton. The Kaladgi–Badami Basin contains arenites, shales and carbonates with minor cherts and conglomerates deposited in continental, transitional and shallow-marine environments presumably during the late Palaeoproterozoic/Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic. The lower part of the succession (Bagalkot Group) is deformed into east–west-trending elongated doubly plunging synclines and anticlines. The upper part of the succession (Badami Group) is undeformed and unconformably overlies the lower part. The evolution of the Kaladgi–Badami Basin was controlled by movements along east–west-trending normal faults under an extensional stress regime. The Bhima Basin hosts mainly limestones with subordinate arenites and shales deposited in fluvial, deltaic and tidal flat environments possibly during the Neoproterozoic. These sediments are undeformed except along faults with significant strike-slip components. The basin is exposed in narrow strips arranged in an en echelon pattern and appears to be a pull-apart basin. Inadequate data exist on the age of the basin fills, the deep basinal architecture, subsidence history and tectonic controls for both of the basins. Future research may be directed towards these aspects which will have wide implications for understanding intracratonic basin formation, reconstructing Proterozoic supercontinents and studying the evolution of the atmosphere and primitive life forms.
Chapter 21 Mineral potential of Proterozoic intracratonic basins in India
Authors: Deb M. , Pal T. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

There are three large intracratonic basins (Vindhyan, Cuddapah and Chattisgarh) and several smaller basins (Kaladgi, Bhima, Pakhal, Penganga, Indravati, Khariar, Sabari and Kolhan) covering a large part of peninsular India. They are not known to host any significant metallic resource – except for a substantial uranium resource and Pb–Zn sulphide mineralization in the Cuddapah Basin, uranium in Bhima and Kaladgi basins and manganese in the Penganga sequence – but are nevertheless the repository of vast resources of industrial rocks (limestone, dolomite, phosphorite, aluminous laterite, building materials) and minerals (including pyrite, barite and diamond) in the country. The temporal distribution of these resources indicates a Mesoproterozoic age for all the deposits and occurrences except the uranium deposits in the Vempalle dolostones in the southwestern fringe of the Cuddapah Basin, which are Palaeoproterozoic in age. The Cuddapah Basin is the most intensely mineralized Proterozoic basin, with the Cumbum Formation in the Nallamalai belt hosting stratabound base metals and barite, dated
c.
1.6 Ga, all the way from north to south. Potential mineralization, still undiscovered in the basin, is a large SEDEX-type Pb–Zn orebody in the vicinity of the Mangampet barite deposit and unconformity-proximal U deposits in the Kurnool Group, similar to those of the Bhima Basin.
Chapter 8 Archaean sedimentation on the Singhbhum Craton: depositional environments of conglomerates in Jharkhand (east India)
Authors: Van Loon A. J. , De S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic metasediments overlie the Archaean granitoid pluton of the Singhbhum Craton in east India. Relatively little is known about the Archaean metasediments, but they comprise several conglomerates in the state of Jharkhand. Their age is most probably Mesoarchaean, possibly earliest Neoarchaean. They occur at separate localities and their exposures commonly consist of scattered patches with a limited extent. Their interrelationships are consequently poorly known. Sedimentological analysis of their structure, architecture and clast composition suggests that most of them represent individual occurrences that partly have been largely eroded away. Other occurrences must have had a limited extent from the very beginning. The various conglomerates were deposited in different environments. Some represent braided or meandering fluvial environments, whereas others seem to have been deposited by mass flows with different degrees of viscosity, possibly mainly on alluvial fans.
Chapter 9 Palaeoarchaean–Mesoproterozoic sedimentation and tectonics along the west-northwestern margin of the Singhbhum Granite body, eastern India: a synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Gautam , Ghosh Bhaskar , Mukhopadhyay Joydip 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The Singhbhum Craton preserves large low-grade tracts of an extensive stratigraphic period in the Precambrian and therefore is of prime importance for studying the Earth's early evolutionary processes. An early (
c.
3.1 Ga) crustal stabilization followed by a long period (
c.
500 Ma) of high freeboard conditions has been postulated from the terrane in recent times. Tectonostratigraphic analyses of the supracrustal successions, carried out in the present study, from the west-northwestern margin of the Singhbhum Granite body in the craton identify a hitherto undetected Mesoarchaean shelf sequence among these supracrustal successions. In contrast to current thinking, the observations imply immediate development of a passive margin setting following the craton's early stabilization. The cratonic margin later succumbed to a major compression, resulting in successive emplacement of thrust sheets from the northern hinterland side that produced an intermingling of thrust slices of basement rocks and the deformed shelf and rift sequences. This later compressive episode not only involved a part of the Mesoproterozoic Kolhan Basin, but its effects are also manifest as a second deformation throughout the western Iron Ore Group belt. Involvement of the Kolhan Group in the deformation milieu constrains the timing of this orogeny to the Grenvillian (
c.
1.0 Ga).