bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Disparities in the Burden of Disability: Contributions of Disease Prevalence and Disabling Impact
Authors: Klijs Bart , Nusselder Wilma J. , Looman Caspar W. , Mackenbach Johan P. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We assessed the contributions of the prevalence and disabling impact of specific diseases to educational disparities in the prevalence of disability. Methods. We examined a large representative survey of the Dutch population, the Dutch Permanent Survey of Living Conditions (2001–2007; n = 24 883; ages 40–97 years). We attributed the prevalence of disability to chronic diseases by using their empirical associations and assuming independent competing causes of disability. We estimated contributions of prevalence and the disabling impact of diseases to disparities in disability using counterfactuals. Results. We found that the prevalence of disability in individuals with only an elementary education was 19 to 20 percentage points higher than that in individuals with tertiary education. Sixty-five percent of this difference could be attributed to specific chronic diseases, but more so to their disabling impact (49%–51%) than to their prevalence (20%–29%). Back pain, neck or arm conditions, and peripheral vascular disease contributed most to the disparity in men, and arthritis, back pain, and chronic nonspecific lung disease contributed most to the disparity in women. Conclusions. Educational disparities in the burden of disability were primarily caused by high disabling impacts of chronic diseases among low educated groups. Tackling disparities might require more effective treatment or rehabilitation of disability in lower socioeconomic groups.
Military Service, Exposure to Trauma, and Health in Older Adulthood: An Analysis of Northern Vietnamese Survivors of the Vietnam War
Authors: Korinek Kim , Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We sought to better understand the association between early life exposure to war and trauma and older adult health status in a developing setting.Methods. We analyzed data of 405 Vietnamese men and women in 1 northern Vietnam commune who entered early adulthood during the Vietnam War and who are now entering late adulthood (i.e., ages 55 years and older in 2010).Results. The toll of war’s trauma in the aging northern Vietnamese population was perceptible in the association between exposure to war trauma and various measures of physical health, including negative self-reported health and somatic symptoms. Killing another person and being exposed to toxic substances in warfare was especially detrimental to health in older adulthood. War traumas were likely implicated more strongly as determinants of late adulthood health in men than in women. The weak association between trauma exposure and reported depressive symptoms raised questions about measuring mental health.Conclusions. Military service and war trauma were important determinants of older adult health beyond the US context, given the widespread waging of war and concentration of recent armed conflicts within developing societies.
Mortality From Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Reproductive-Aged Women: United States, 1999–2010
Authors: McElligott Kara A. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. I estimated the sexually transmitted disease–related mortality among US reproductive-aged women from 1999 to 2010. Methods. I estimated mortality from National Center for Health Statistics’ Multiple Cause of Death data. I defined reproductive age as 15 to 44 years. For diseases partially caused by sexual transmission, I estimated the proportion attributable to sexual transmission from the literature. To calculate mortality rates, I estimated number of deaths from each disease and Census Bureau population for reproductive-aged women for 1999 to 2010. Results. From 1999 to 2010, the cumulative sexually transmitted disease–related mortality rate decreased by 49%, from 5.3 to 2.7 deaths per 100 000. The primary contributors were HIV and human papilloma virus infections. Mortality from sexually transmitted HIV infection decreased by 62%, from 3.4 to 1.3 deaths per 100 000. Mortality from human papilloma virus–associated gynecologic cancers decreased by 19%, from 1.6 deaths per 100 000 in 1999 to 1.3 deaths per 100 000 in 2010. Conclusions. Screening and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases may reduce mortality. Research is needed to determine whether sexually transmitted disease–related morbidity among reproductive-aged women has decreased over the past decade.
Improving the Accuracy and Reliability of MWD/Magnetic-Wellbore-Directional Surveying in the Barents Sea
Authors: Edvardsen I.. , Nyrnes E.. , Johnsen M.G.. G. , Hansen T.L.. L. , Løvhaug U.P.. P. , Matzka J.. 
Published: June 2014

Summary
The years ahead will see increased petroleum-related activity in the Barents Sea, with operations far off the coast of Norway.
The region is at high geomagnetic latitude in the auroral zone, and therefore, directional drilling by use of magnetic reference will experience enlarged azimuth uncertainty compared with operations in the Norwegian and North Seas. Two main contributors to azimuth uncertainty are magnetic disturbances from electric currents in the ionosphere and axial magnetic interference from the drillstring. The former is more frequent in the Barents Sea than farther south, and the effect of the latter is increased because of diminished value of the magnetic horizontal component. Wellbore directional surveying for operations on the continental shelf in the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea rely on well-established procedures for near-real-time magnetic monitoring by use of onshore magnetic-reference stations. The different land and sea configuration, distant offshore oil and gas fields, higher geomagnetic latitude, and different behavior of the magnetic field require the procedures to be reassessed before being applied to the Barents Sea. To reduce drilling delays, procedures must be implemented to enable efficient management of magnetic disturbances. In some areas of the Barents Sea, the management requires new equipment to be developed and tested before drilling, such as seabed magnetometer stations. One simple way to reduce drillstring interference is increasing the amount of nonmagnetic steel in the bottomhole assembly (BHA). To maintain azimuth uncertainty at an acceptable level in northern areas, it is crucial that wellbore-directional-surveying requirements are given high priority and considered early during well planning. During the development phase of an oil and gas field, the planned wells must be assigned adequate positional-uncertainty models and, if possible, be designed in a direction that minimizes the wellbore directional uncertainty.
Intelligent Energy: The Past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Gilman Helen , Nordtvedt Jan-Erik 
Published: June 2014

Summary
The first 10 years of intelligent energy (IE) have been interesting and rewarding. The oil and gas industry has seen many successful IE implementations with significant value delivered. We have established improved communication and collaboration, and seen changes enabled by real-time data and new technologies such as predictive analytics.
However, we have not yet delivered the level and scale of transformation that were envisioned at the start. Our industry has moved more slowly at the same time that the "outside" world— our own homes and other industries—has moved much more quickly. As individuals, we consume information and communicate very differently from 10 years ago (e.g., through online booking, social media, and the use of map-based solutions). There is an ease of connecting across the world and "things talk"—but not in the oil patch to any large degree. [See Chui et al. (2010) for a broader discussion of the "Internet of Things."]
In this paper, and on the basis of more than 10 years of experience working exclusively with IE and with more than a dozen of the key industry actors, we present an analysis of the IE domain, lessons learned, and suggestions for where we should go from here. We consider the reasons for our current state, attempting to answer why it might be more difficult to transform in the oil and gas industry than elsewhere. Why have some of the barriers been much bigger than we expected? The business case is as strong as it was 10 years ago, the technology is more robust, and we have more young people in the industry as well as a higher level of acceptance of technology and change in our personal lives. Thus, we should find it easier to make more-rapid progress now than in the past. What must change to achieve that progress?
Development of a Household Water Defluoridation Process Using Aluminium Hydroxide Based Adsorbent
Authors: Mulugeta Eyobel , Zewge Feleke , Chandravanshi Bhagwan Singh 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT: In this study, the removal of fluoride from water using aluminium hydroxide based adsorbent has been investigated in continuous operation. The effect of fluoride influent concentration, feed flowrate, and adsorbent bed height onto the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were examined. The fixed‐bed adsorption system was found to perform better with lower influent fluoride concentration, lower flowrate, and higher bed depth. Thermodynamic evaluation using the bed depth service time model indicated that the fluoride adsorption capacity was 25.8 mg F−/g of adsorbent, which is high compared to commercially available activated alumina (1.8 to 1.9 mg/g). Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption in continuous studies was in the range of 6.12 × 10−3 to 39.3 × 10−3 L/mg.h under different operating conditions. The household defluoridation unit (HDU) was tested at an up‐flow mode and it was determined that the HDU packed with 0.9 kg of adsorbent with 28.3 cm of bed depth resulted in a specific safe water yield of 823.79 L. Regeneration of the exhaust media using 1% NaOH and 0.1 M HCl showed that the adsorbent could be reused. The estimated running cost of the unit was 2.0 U.S. dollar/m3 of treated water, with the potential to minimize further. Hence, it was concluded that the proposed method is simple and exhibits superior performance for the treatment of fluoride‐contaminated water with the potential for household application.
Generalized Elliptic-Type Integrals and Generating Functions
Authors: Chaurasia V. B. L. , Singh Yudhveer 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
On account of analytical importance or application in certain problems in radiation physics and nuclear technology, several interesting families of elliptic-type integrals were recently studied by many authors. The aim and objective of present paper is to obtain certain new theorems on generating functions. The results obtained in this paper are of manifold generality and basic in nature. In addition, to deriving known and various new elliptic-type integrals and their generalizations, these theorems can be used to evaluate various Euler-type integrals involving a number of generating functions.
On A System of Rational Difference Equation
Authors: Din Qamar 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study local asymptotic stability, global character and periodic nature of solutions of the system of rational difference equations given by xn+1=

, yn=

, n=0, 1,…, where the parameters a; b; c; d; e; f ∊ (0; ∞), and with initial conditions x0; y0 ∊ (0; ∞). Some numerical examples are given to illustrate our results.
Weak Convergence for Nonself Nearly Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings by Iterations
Authors: Khan Safeer Hussain 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain a couple of weak convergence results for nonself nearly asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Our first result is for the Banach spaces satisfying Opial condition and the second for those whose dual satisfies the Kadec-Klee property.
Remarks on Smooth Real-Compactness for Sikorski Spaces
Authors: Cukrowski Michał J. , Stronkowski Michał M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
It is known that every Sikorski space with the countably generated differential structure is smoothly real-compact. It means that every homomorphism from its differential structure, which forms a ring of smooth real-valued functions into the ring of real numbers, is an evaluation. This result is sharp: there is a non-smoothly real-compact Sikorski space with the differential structure which is not countably generated. We provide an easy example demonstrating this. By modifying this example we are able to show a certain shortcoming of the generator embedding, comparing to the canonical embedding, for Sikorski spaces. Finally, we note that a homomorphism from the ring of smooth functions of a Sikorski space into the ring of real numbers is an evaluation if and only if it is continuous.
An Iterative Method for Symmetric Positive Semidefinite Linear System of Equations
Authors: Salkuyeh Davod Khojasteh 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, a new two-step iterative method for solving symmetric positive semidefinite linear system of equations is presented. A sufficient condition for the semiconvergence of the method is also given. Some numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
The usefulness of Mehlich 3 and 1 M HCl extractant to assess copper deficiency in soil for environmental monitoring purpose / Przydatność ekstrahentów Mehlich 3 i 1 M HCl do oceny niedoborów miedzi w glebie pod kątem monitoringu środowiska
Authors: Kantek Katarzyna , Korzeniowska Jolanta 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare two soil tests, 1 M HCl and Mehlich 3, to extract phytoavailable Cu forms from the soil. The evaluation of tests was performed on the basis of the correlation between soil Cu extracted by the studied extractants, and plant Cu or yield of a test plant. Data for the calculation originated from the microplot experiment with winter wheat. The experiment included three soils that differed in texture, pH level and copper content. Each of the soil was fertilized with five doses of Cu: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg • ha−1 against two pH levels. The results showed a strong correlation between the two soil tests and their similar usefulness for the extraction of copper available to plants. On the basis of Pearson correlation coefficients and equation of simple regression, it was found that Mehlich 3 was slightly more useful for heavier soils with higher pH, whereas 1 M HCl was better suitable for acid sandy soil.
Thrips (Thysanoptera, Insecta) of the Asteraceae family plants occurring in areas with different levels of anthropopressure in Lublin (Eastern Poland) / Wciornastki (Thysanoptera, Insecta) zebrane z miejsc o różnym stopniu antropopresji w Lublinie na roślinach z rodziny Asteraceae
Authors: Czepiel-Mil Katarzyna , Kowalczyk-Pecka Danuta 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the years 2001-2003, a study on thrips (Thysanoptera) was conducted in Lublin (south-eastern Poland). The aim of the research was to determine the species composition of the insects on selected plants from the Asteraceae family collected at sights of varying anthropopressures in Lublin. Fifteen designated sites, classified as semi-natural and anthropogenic, were located in different parts of the city. As a result of the study, the occurrence of 36 thrips species was recorded. The species dominating in the whole material were: Thrips physapus, Thrips trehernei, Thrips validus and Frankliniella intonsa. The greatest thrips species variety was characteristic of the following plant species: Hieracium umbellatum, Matricaria perforata, Taraxacum officinale, Erigeron strigosus. The research conducted shows that urban environment is quite rich in terms of thrips species diversity. The number of species caught indicates their tolerance to moderately adverse conditions in the city. The most important factor affecting the number of collected species is plant diversity. The sites of different levels of athropopressure varied both in their species composition and in the number of thrips found.
Effect of iron deficiency and excess on biometric and biochemical parameters indicated in the radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L. Subvar. radicula pers.) / Wpływ niedoboru i nadmiaru żelaza na parametry biometryczne i biochemiczne oznaczone w kiełkach rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus L. Subvar. radicula pers.)
Authors: Smolik Beata , Cichocka Joanna , Materny Anna , Śnioszek Martyna , Zakrzewska Helena 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the changes of biometric and biochemical parameters in the radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.), depending on the content of ions FeIII+ in the hydroponic culture. Seedlings were grown in Hoagland’s complete hydroponic culture without FeIII+ ions or with the addition of FeIII+ ions in an amount of 30 and 300 mg/l. During the experiment, the plants were illuminated by a sodium vapor lamp Son-T-Agro-400 W Philips (40 μE • m2/s PAR at the medium level). After 7 days, some biometric and biochemical measurements were made: shoot and embryonic root length (cm), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity and antioxidant capacity. It was observed that FeIII+ added to hydroponic culture caused changes in the activity of enzymes and biometric parameters in radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.).
Public Health in Different Political Systems of the State
Authors: Pawłucki Andrzej 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to explain the dependence between the political system of the state: collectivist, conservative, and liberal in a postmodern society, and public health-related practice. In the consideration of different systems of physical culture, including the system of health culture known as public health, Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems has been used. The social system of health culture, hitherto known as the system of public health, is acknowledged as a variety of social systems of physical culture, whereas the health gymnasion is one of many possible centers of habilitation, recreation, and rehabilitation of the body. It is argued that an educating society can only persist successfully if the state does not lose control in the struggle against the ideologues of neoliberal forces hostile to the solidarity-based and welfare state.
Growth and morphological studies of NiO/CuO/ZnO based nanostructured thin films for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Joshi Siddharth , Mudigere Mrunmaya , Krishnamurthy L. , Shekar G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAt present, inorganic semiconducting materials are the most economical and viable source for the renewable energy industry. The present work deals with the morphological and optical characterization of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films fabricated by layer by layer deposition on nickel oxide (NiO) coated indium tin oxide (ITO) glass by solution processing methods, mainly chemical bath deposition (CBD) and hydrothermal deposition (HTD) processes at room temperature. As a whole, the above inorganic composite materials (NiO/CuO/ZnO) can be applied in photovoltaic cells. An attempt has been made to study structural, morphological and absorption characteristics of NiO/CuO/ZnO heterojunction using state of the art techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV spectroscopy. The energy band gaps of CuO and ZnO have also been calculated and discussed based on the UV spectroscopy measurements.
Partial oxidation of high-boiling hydrocarbon mixtures in the pilot unit
Authors: Hanika Jiří , Lederer Jaromír , Nečesaný František , Poslední Walter , Tukač Vratislav , Veselý Václav 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reason for this investigation into the partial oxidation (POX) of high-boiling hydrocarbons with oxygen in the presence of water vapour was to ensure increased demand on hydrogen, which is essential for the deeper hydrorefining of petroleum oils to ensure better quality of motor fuels. The tests demonstrated the good performance of the pilot plant unit and also the reproducibility of the experiment. The investigation detected a significant impact of water vapour on the selectivity of the partial oxidation of high boiling-point hydrocarbons with regard to the composition of the exhaust gas. In addition, it was noted that the hydrogen content in the reaction product of the partial oxidation of the mixture of visbreaking distillate and residue diluted with pyrolysis fuel oil, achieved 50 %. The content of components in the gaseous product accorded well with a synthesis gas composition produced by the plant unit of the UNIPETROL RPA Co., designed and built under licence from the Shell Petroleum Co.
Chemical characterisation of biosludge from a wastewater treatment plant in a neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulp mill by single and sequential extraction of heavy metals and micro-/macronutrients — a case study
Authors: Pöykiö Risto , Manskinen Kati , Oksanen Juha , Nurmesniemi Hannu , Dahl Olli 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe main impetus for utilising the biosludge from the neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulping process is the Finnish legislation which from 1st January 2016 prohibits the deposition of this residue in landfills in Finland. The dry matter content of the biosludge in this case study was low (12.1 mass %), meaning that incineration of this residue is uneconomical. The biosludge was rich in P (6260 mg kg−1). This, together with the high total organic carbon value of 459 g kg−1 and the metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) lower than the Finnish permissible limits for land application, supports wide and various end-uses for this residue. Except for S (27600 mg kg−1) and Cd (1.4 mg kg−1), the other heavy metal concentrations in the biosludge were lower than the maximum values for heavy metal concentrations in a non-contaminated soil referred to the literature. From the utilisation perspective, and in view of the high levels of S and Na, this residue could efficiently be used, for example, to landscape landfills.
Comparison of 905 nm and 1550 nm semiconductor laser rangefinders’ performance deterioration due to adverse environmental conditions
Authors: Wojtanowski J. , Zygmunt M. , Kaszczuk M. , Mierczyk Z. , Muzal M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLaser rangefinder performance (i.e., maximum range) is strongly affected by environment due to visibility-dependent laser attenuation in the atmosphere and target reflectivity variations induced by surface condition changes (dry vs. wet). Both factors have their unique spectral features which means that rangefinders operating at different wavelengths are affected by specific environmental changes in a different way. Current state of the art TOF (time of flight) semiconductor laser rangefinders are based mainly on two wavelengths: 905 nm and 1550 nm, which results from atmospheric transmission windows and availability of high power pulsed sources. The paper discusses the scope of maximum range degradation of hypothetical 0.9 μm and 1.5 μm rangefinders due to selected water-related environmental effects. Atmospheric extinction spectra were adapted from Standard Atmosphere Model and reflectance fingerprints of various materials have been measured. It is not the aim of the paper to determine in general which wavelength is superior for laser range finding, since a number of criteria could be considered, but to verify their susceptibility to adverse environmental conditions.