bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TAM Receptor–Dependent Regulation of SOCS3 and MAPKs Contributes to Proinflammatory Cytokine Downregulation following Chronic NOD2 Stimulation of Human Macrophages
Authors: Zheng Shasha , Hedl Matija , Abraham Clara 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Microbial-induced cytokine regulation is critical to intestinal immune homeostasis. Acute stimulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), the Crohn’s disease–associated sensor of bacterial peptidoglycan, induces cytokines. However, cytokines are attenuated after chronic NOD2 and pattern recognition receptor stimulation of macrophages; similar attenuation is observed in intestinal macrophages. The role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptors in regulating chronic pattern recognition receptor stimulation and NOD2-induced outcomes has not been examined. Moreover, TAM receptors have been relatively less investigated in human macrophages. Whereas TAM receptors did not downregulate acute NOD2-induced cytokines in primary human macrophages, they were essential for downregulating signaling and proinflammatory cytokine secretion after chronic NOD2 and TLR4 stimulation. Axl and Mer were similarly required in mice for cytokine downregulation after chronic NOD2 stimulation in vivo and in intestinal tissues. Consistently, TAM expression was increased in human intestinal myeloid-derived cells. Chronic NOD2 stimulation led to IL-10– and TGF-β–dependent TAM upregulation in human macrophages, which, in turn, upregulated suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression. Restoring suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression under TAM knockdown conditions restored chronic NOD2-mediated proinflammatory cytokine downregulation. In contrast to the upregulated proinflammatory cytokines, attenuated IL-10 secretion was maintained in TAM-deficient macrophages upon chronic NOD2 stimulation. The level of MAPK activation in TAM-deficient macrophages after chronic NOD2 stimulation was insufficient to upregulate IL-10 secretion; however, full restoration of MAPK activation under these conditions restored c-Fos, c-Jun, musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog K, and PU.1 binding to the IL-10 promoter and IL-10 secretion. Therefore, TAM receptors are critical for downregulating proinflammatory cytokines under the chronic NOD2 stimulation conditions observed in the intestinal environment.
A Cultura da Audiovisualidade: Contribuições Nacionais e Internacionais
Authors: BRÖNSTRUP SILVESTRIN Celsi , Lopes da SILVA Anderson 
Published: January 2015

Apresentação da oitava edição da Revista Ação Midiática - Estudos em Comunicação, Sociedade e Cultura, publicação ligada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, da Universidade Federal do Paraná.
ОХУ-ЫН БОЛОВСРОЛЫН ХӨГЖЛИЙН ТЭРГҮҮЛЭХ ЗОРИЛТ, СТРАТЕГИ
Authors: Nyamdoljin A 
Published: January 2015

Өнгөрсөн зууны сүүл үеэс эхэлсэн шилжилтийн тэр үеэс өнөөг хүртэл Оросын төрөөс дэлхий нийтийн жишгийн дагуу боловсролын салбарынхаа үндсэн зарчим, зохион байгуулалт, чиг хандлагаа өөрчлөн, боловсруулан хэрэгжүүлэх чиглэлээр идэвхитэй үйл ажиллагаа явуулж иржээ. Энэ хугацаанд “Оросын боловсролыг шинэчлэх үзэл баримтлал” (2001-2010), “ Үндэсний тэргүүлэх төсөл “Боловсрол” (2005), “2006-2010 онд боловсролын тогтолцоог хөгжүүлэх зорилтот хөтөлбөр”, “Инновацийн Оросын шинжлэх ухаан ба шинжлэх ухаан-сурган хүмүүжүүлэх боловсон хүчнийг хөгжүүлэх зорилтот хөтөлбөр” (2009-2013), “Холбооны улсын боловсролын хөгжлийн зорилтот хөтөлбөр” (2011-2015) зэрэг баримт бичгүүд батлагдан хэрэгжиж байна.English Title: Strategy and Main Goal of Russian Education Development DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i2.393
Монгол Улсын ШУА-ийн Ерөнхийлөгчийн урилгаар БНСВУ-ын Нийгмийн ШУА-ийн Ерөнхийлөгч, Вьетнамын Коммунист Намын Төв Хорооны гишүүн, доктор, профессор Нгуен Суан Тханг тэргүүтэй төлөөлөгчид айлчиллаа
Authors: Tsengellkham B 
Published: January 2015

Монгол Улсын ШУА-ийн Ерөнхийлөгчийн урилгаар БНСВУ-ын Нийгмийн ШУА-ийн Ерөнхийлөгч, Вьетнамын Коммунист Намын Төв Хорооны гишүүн, доктор, профессор Нгуен Суан Тханг тэргүүтэй төлөөлөгчид 2012 оны 5 сарын 30-аас 2012 оны 6 сарын 2-ны хооронд манай оронд айлчиллаа. Айлчлалын бүрэлдэхүүнд БНСВУ-ын Нийгмийн ШУА-ийн дэд ерөнхийлөгч, Гадаад хамтын ажиллагааны хэлтсийн дарга болон Европ судлалын хүрээлэн, Тогтвортой хөгжлийн төв хүрээлэнгийн захирлууд, Хятад судлалын хүрээлэн, Санхүү, төлөвлөлтийн хэлтсийн дэд захирлууд бүхий 8 хүн багтсан нь Вьетнамын тал өндөр ач холбогдол өгсний тод илрэл боллоо. Энэхүү айлчлалын гол зорилго нь манай улсын ШУА, БНСВУ-ын Нийгмийн ШУА-ийн хооронд шинжлэх ухааны салбарт хамтран ажиллах гэрээ байгуулж, гарын үсэг зурах явдал байлаа.English Title: Vietnam delegates led by Professor Nguen Suan Thang , President of Vietnam Social Science Institute, had visited the Mongolias DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i2.400
Lithospheric structure across the California Continental Borderland from receiver functions
Authors: Reeves Zachary , Lekić Vedran , Schmerr Nicholas , Kohler Monica , Weeraratne Dayanthie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDue to its complex history of deformation, the California Continental Borderland provides an interesting geological setting for studying how the oceanic and continental lithosphere responds to deformation. We map variations in present‐day lithospheric structure across the region using Ps and Sp receiver functions at permanent stations of the Southern California Seismic Network as well as ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data gathered by the Asthenospheric and Lithospheric Broadband Architecture from the California Offshore Region Experiment (ALBACORE), which enhances coverage of the borderland and provides first direct constraints on the structure of the Pacific plate west of the Patton Escarpment. Noisiness of OBS data makes strict handpicking and bandpass filtering necessary in order to obtain interpretable receiver functions. Using H‐κ and common‐conversion point stacking, we find pronounced lithospheric differences across structural blocks, which we interpret as indicating that the Outer Borderland has been translated with little to no internal deformation, while the Inner Borderland underwent significant lithospheric thinning, most likely related to accommodating the 90° clockwise rotation of the Western Transverse Range block. West of the Patton Escarpment, we find that the transition to typical oceanic crustal thickness takes place over a lateral distance of ∼ 50 km. We detect an oceanic seismic lithosphere‐asthenosphere transition at 58 km depth west of the Patton Escarpment, consistent with only weak age‐dependence of the depth to the seismic lithosphere‐asthenosphere transition. Sp common‐conversion point stacks confirm wholesale lithospheric thinning of the Inner Borderland and suggest the presence of a slab fragment beneath the Outer Borderland.
Optical emissions associated with terrestrial gamma ray flashes
Authors: Xu Wei , Celestin Sebastien , Pasko Victor P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTerrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are high‐energy photon bursts produced by high‐energy electrons originating in the Earth's atmosphere through bremsstrahlung processes. In this paper, we present modeling studies on optical emissions resulting from the excitation of air molecules produced by the large population of electrons involved in TGF events based on two possible production mechanisms: relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) and acceleration of thermal runaway electrons produced by high‐potential intracloud lightning leaders. Numerical models developed in this study are first validated through the calculation of fluorescence emissions from air excited by energetic electrons and comparison with available laboratory observations. Detailed discussion of the role of excitation and ionization collisions on the formation of the electron energy distribution is presented. Moreover, using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that electron energy distributions established from the two TGF production mechanisms considered here are inherently different over the full energy range. The strong energy dependence of the capability of electrons to generate excited states responsible for optical emissions from neutral and ionized nitrogen molecules leads to intrinsic differences in optical emissions produced by different mechanisms of TGF production. We also show that TGFs are most likely accompanied by detectable levels of optical emissions and that the distinct optical features are of significant interest for constraining and validating current TGF production models.
Wind‐driven modifications to the residual circulation in an ebb‐tidal delta: Arcachon Lagoon, Southwestern France
Authors: Salles Paulo , Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo , Sottolichio Aldo , Senechal Nadia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA combination of observations and analytical solutions was used to determine the modifications caused by wind forcing on the residual or nontidal circulation in an ebb‐tidal delta. Observations were obtained in the lower Arcachon Lagoon, southwestern France. The basic nontidal circulation was established with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) that were (i) moored in the delta's two deepest channels, and (ii) towed along a cross‐lagoon transect. The bathymetry of the lower lagoon, or ebb‐tidal delta, featured two channels: North Pass (>9 m) and South Pass (>20 m). The basic nontidal circulation consisted of mostly inflow with weak surface outflow in the South Pass, and laterally sheared bidirectional flow, dominated by outflow, in the North Pass. Analytical solutions and comparison of observed dynamical terms suggested that, in addition to the conventionally accepted influence of tidal nonlinearities, density gradients contributed to the basic nontidal circulation in the lagoon. Observations also indicated that wind forcing altered the basic circulation by driving simultaneous upwind flows in both passes. This response was supported by an analytical solution to wind‐driven flows over the bathymetry of the transect sampled. The response to seaward winds was to enhance inflow in South Pass and reduce outflow in North Pass. Landward winds caused diminished inflow in South Pass and increased outflow in North Pass.
Eye Remember What Happened: Eye‐Closure Improves Recall of Events but not Face Recognition
Authors: Vredeveldt Annelies , Tredoux Colin G. , Kempen Kate , Nortje Alicia 
Published: January 2015

SummaryEye‐closure improves event recall. We investigated whether eye‐closure can also facilitate subsequent performance on lineup identification (Experiment 1) and face recognition tasks (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, participants viewed a theft, recalled the event with eyes open or closed, mentally rehearsed the perpetrator's face with eyes open or closed, and viewed a target‐present or target‐absent lineup. Eye‐closure improved event recall, but did not significantly affect lineup identification accuracy. Experiment 2 employed a face recognition paradigm with high statistical power to permit detection of potentially small effects. Participants viewed 20 faces and were later asked to recognize the faces. Thirty seconds before the recognition task, participants either completed an unrelated distracter task (control condition), or were instructed to think about the face with their eyes open (rehearsal condition) or closed (eye‐closure condition). We found no differences between conditions in discrimination accuracy or response criterion. Potential explanations and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p(AAm/TA)‐based IPN hydrogel films with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties for biomedical applications
Authors: Sahiner Mehtap , Sagbas Selin , Bitlisli Behzat Oral 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTInterpenetrating polymer networks (IPN), either semi‐IPN (s‐IPN) or full IPN, based on a natural polymer tannic acid (TA) and synthetic poly(acrylamide) (p(AAm)) were prepared by incorporation of TA during p(AAm) hydrogel film preparation with and without crosslinking of TA simultaneously. The synthesis of p(AAm/TA) s‐IPN and IPN hydrogels with different amounts of TA were prepared by concurrent use of redox polymerization and epoxy crosslinking. The p(AAm)‐based hydrogels were completely degraded at 37.5°C within 9 and 2 days at pHs 7.4 and 9, respectively. Biocompatibility of p(AAm), s‐IPN, and IPN were tested with WST assay and double staining, they had 75% cell viability up to almost 20 μg mL−1 concentration against L929 fibroblast cell. Antioxidant properties of IPN and s‐IPN hydrogels were investigated with FC and ABTS− methods. Antimicrobial properties of TA‐containing s‐IPN, and IPN hydrogels were determined against three common bacterial strains, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and it was found that p(AAm/TA)‐based s‐IPN and IPN hydrogels are effective antimicrobial and antioxidant materials. Moreover, almost up to day‐long linear TA release profiles were obtained from IPN and s‐IPN hydrogels in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 at 37.5°C. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41876.
Bifunctional Polyacrylonitrile Fiber‐Mediated Conversion of Sucrose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Mixed‐Aqueous Systems
Authors: Shi Xian‐Lei , Zhang Min , Lin Huikun , Tao Minli , Li Yongdan , Zhang Wenqin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA highly efficient catalytic system composed of a bifunctional polyacrylonitrile fiber (PANF‐PA[BnBr]) and a metal chloride was employed to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from sucrose in mixed‐aqueous systems. The promoter of PANF‐PA[BnBr] incorporates protonic acid groups that promote the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond to convert sucrose into glucose and fructose, and then catalyzes fructose dehydration to HMF, while the ammonium moiety may promote synergetically with the metal chloride the isomerization of glucose to fructose and transfer HMF from the aqueous to the organic phase. The detailed characterization by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM confirmed the rangeability of the fiber promoter during the modification and utilization processes. Excellent results in terms of high yield (72.8 %) of HMF, superior recyclability (6 cycles) of the process, and effective scale‐up and simple separation procedures of the catalytic system were obtained. Moreover, the prominent features (high strength, good flexibility, etc.) of the fibers are very attractive for fix‐bed reactor.
BauBuche – Der nachhaltige Hochleistungswerkstoff
Authors: Hassan Jan , Eisele Matthias 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts erlebt der Holzbau europaweit eine Renaissance und erreicht mit dem Bau moderner Holzbauwerke ganz neue Dimensionen. Bisher werden im konstruktiven Holzbau fast ausschließlich Nadelhölzer eingesetzt. Zwar bieten Laubhölzer wesentlich höhere Festigkeits‐ und Steifigkeitswerte, doch deren Aufbereitung zu konstruktiven Werkstoffen war bisher zu teuer. Seit August 2014 ist erstmals ein industriell hergestellter, konstruktiver Werkstoff aus Laubholz verfügbar – BauBuche, ein Furnierschichtholz aus europäischer Rotbuche. Dieser neue Werkstoff besitzt eine außergewöhnlich hohe Tragfähigkeit und ermöglicht schlankere Bauteile sowie größere Spannweiten im Holzbau. Im Vergleich zu Nadelholzwerkstoffen führt der Einsatz von BauBuche zu erheblichen Materialeinsparungen. Der Vergleich mit Stahl zeigt, dass BauBuche das Potenzial hat, dem Holzbau neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten zu erschließen. Das Produkt ist bauaufsichtlich zugelassen und die Bemessung erfolgt nach Eurocode 5. Die hohe Festigkeit und die hohe Rohdichte erfordern jedoch punktuelle Sonderregelungen.BauBuche – the sustainable high‐performance materialSince the beginning of the 21st century, timber construction has been experiencing a Europe‐wide renaissance, and we are witnessing new dimensions opening up in terms of timber structures. At present, timber construction is limited almost exclusively to softwoods. Although hardwoods offer much greater strength and stiffness, up to now the process of converting them into building materials has been too costly. August 2014 saw the launch of the first industrially manufactured construction material derived from hardwood – BauBuche, a laminated veneer lumber produced from European beech. This new material has an exceptionally high load‐bearing capacity, and therefore permits more slender structural components and longer spans in timber construction. Compared with softwoods, BauBuche reduces material consumption considerably, while a comparison with steel shows that BauBuche has the potential to open up completely new applications for timber construction. BauBuche has national technical approval and conforms to the Eurocode 5 rules for the design of timber structures. The high strength and density, however, mean that special rules apply for certain individual aspects.
Die Große Moschee von Algerien – ein Monument im Starkbebengebiet
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Constantinescu Dan , Hewener Alexander 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn Algier entsteht derzeit die drittgrößte Moschee der Welt, deren Minarett nach Fertigstellung das weltweit höchste sein wird. Der Komplex wird gleichzeitig ein neues Stadtteilzentrum bilden. Wegen der monumentalen Bedeutung des Gebäudes bestehen sehr hohe Dauerhaftigkeitsanforderungen. Da Algier in einer Starkbebenzone liegt, wurden beim Tragwerksentwurf modernste Entwurfs‐ und Konstruktionsmethoden gewählt. Der Gebetssaal wird komplett vom Erdbebenuntergrund mittels Isolatoren und Dämpfern entkoppelt. Das Minarett wird ein Hochhaus in Verbundbauweise aus Stahlbetonkernen mit integrierten Stahlprofilen und koppelnden Stahldiagonalen in der Fassadenebene, welches mittels einer speziellen Pushover‐Analyse konzipiert wurde. Der in 2012 begonnene Bau soll 2016 fertiggestellt werden. Der Artikel stellt das herausragende Projekt an sich vor und berichtet über die wesentlichen Aspekte der Tragwerksplanung.The Great Mosque of Algeria – a monument in a strong‐motion areaThe world's third largest mosque, whose minaret will be the highest in the world, is currently under construction in Algiers. A new urban focus will be created by the complex. Due to the monumental importance of the building, the durability requirements were extremely high. As Algiers is located in a strong‐motion earthquake area, the structural design of the buildings followed latest concept and construction methods. The prayer hall will be totally decoupled from the seismic ground by isolators and dampers. The minaret will be a high rise building with a composite structure of RC cores with integrated steel members that are coupled by steel bracings in the façade. Its design was made by means of special pushover‐analyses. The construction started in 2012 and is scheduled to be finished in 2016. The paper presents the outstanding project and its main structural design aspects.
Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Säurewiderstands von Betonen
Authors: König Andreas , Dehn Frank 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIm Rahmen einer Studie konnte ein Prüfverfahren zur Bewertung des Säurewiderstands von Betonen konzeptioniert werden, welches die säurespezifischen Reaktionsmechanismen sowie die Wechselwirkung zwischen einer sauren Flüssigkeit und einem alkalischen Beton berücksichtigt. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der durch das Prüfverfahren gewonnenen Ergebnisse konnte mittels umfangreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen für verschiedene Betone nachgewiesen werden. Nachfolgender Beitrag fasst die wesentlichsten Erkenntnisse zusammen und gibt zudem einen Vorschlag für ein mit dem Prüfverfahren zusammenhängendes Nachweiskonzept zur Bewertung des Säurewiderstands von Betonen.Test method to determine the acid resistance of concretesIn the frame of a study, a test method for the evaluation of the acid resistance of concretes was developed which takes particularly the acid specific reaction mechanisms as well as the interaction between acidic liquid and alkaline concrete into account. The evidence of reproducibility of the results gained with the test method has been shown by means of extensive experimental investigations on different types of concrete. The following contribution summarizes the most significant findings and suggests a verification concept for the evaluation of the acid resistance of concretes related to the proposed test method.
Auswirkungen von Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen auf Struktur und Eigenschaften von Fahrbahndeckenbeton
Authors: Weise Frank , Wiedmann Andreas , Voland Katja , Kotan Engin , Ehrig Karsten , Müller Harald S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAusgehend von der Zielsetzung der DFG‐Forschergruppe 1498, die Einflüsse auf den AKR‐Schädigungsprozess in Fahrbahndecken aus Beton grundlegend zu klären, sind zwei aufeinander aufbauende Untersuchungsschwerpunkte Gegenstand dieses Beitrags. Im ersten Schwerpunkt wurden die prüftechnischen Voraussetzungen für die Charakterisierung der Degradation und damit der Rissbildung im Fahrbahndeckenbeton durch die Vorschädigung infolge von Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen geschaffen. Realisiert wurde dies durch die Implementierung und Optimierung eines Monitoringsystems im zyklischen 4‐Punkt‐Biegeversuch zur simultanen Erfassung der Rissbildung im großformatigen Schwingbalken. Zusätzlich wurde die Röntgen‐3D‐Computertomografie für die hochauflösende räumliche quantitative Rissanalyse in den Bohrkernen aus den Schwingbalken ohne und mit Vorschädigung weiterentwickelt. Im zweiten Untersuchungsschwerpunkt wurde mittels vielfältiger Experimente an kleinformatigen Probekörpern aus dem Schwingbalken gezeigt, dass durch die Ermüdungsbeanspruchung die bruchmechanischen Materialkennwerte des Betons zum Teil eine signifikante Veränderung erfahren.Effects of fatigue loading on structure and properties of pavement concreteBased on the objective of the DFG (German research foundation) funded research group 1498 to clarify the influences on the ASR damage process, this paper deals with two focuses of investigation. In the first focus the technical requirements for the characterisation concerning the degradation and the formation of cracks in concrete pavements by the pre‐damage as a result of fatigue loading were created. This was realized by the implementation and the optimisation of a monitoring system in the cyclic four point bending test to capture simultaneously the formation of cracks in the beam under sinusoidal bending load. In addition, the X‐ray 3D‐computed tomography was enhanced for the high‐resolution quantitative spatial crack analysis in the drilling cores extracted of the beam under sinusoidal bending load without and with a pre‐damage. Building on the first focus, in the second focus of investigation a significant change of the fracture‐mechanical properties of the concrete as a result of fatigue loading has been demonstrated in numerous experiments using small specimens extracted from the beam under sinusoidal bending load.