bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Screw Design on Union Rates in Scaphoid Nonunions
Authors: Wu Jiwei , Tay Shian Chao , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: June 2015

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the outcome of the conical fully threaded headless screw to that of a smooth shaft headless screw in a series of scaphoid nonunions requiring screw fixation to determine if screw design had an influence on union rates.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 104 cases of surgically treated scaphoid nonunions. After eliminating cases with our exclusion criteria, the study cohort had 40 cases for analysis. A comparison and analysis of union rates was undertaken between the fully threaded Acutrak 2 mini screw and the smooth shaft Herbert screw.Results: Overall union rate for screw fixation was 88%. The fully threaded conical screw fixation had a significantly lower union rate of 50% compared to 97% for the smooth shaft screws.Conclusions: Our data revealed that the fully threaded conical screws were associated with significantly lower union rate compared to the smooth shaft Herbert type screws.
Scaphoid Excision and Four-Corner Fusion for Neglected Perilunate Dislocations: Preliminary Results
Authors: Eid Abdelsalam 
Published: June 2015

Background: Perilunate dislocations are severe uncommon carpal injuries. They are sometimes missed with a reported incidence of up to 25%. Neglect for a period of time allows for soft tissue contractures, as well as bony changes that make reduction extremely difficult. For neglected cases, procedures such as staged open reduction, proximal row carpectomy, and wrist arthrodesis have been offered. The objective of this study was to examine whether scaphoid excision and four-corner fusion could be used to treat neglected perilunate dislocations.Methods: Ten patients with neglected perilunate dislocations were managed by scaphoid excision and four-corner fusion. The dominant hand was involved in eight cases. Graft material for the fusion was obtained from the excised scaphoid. Results: Six patients had complete relief of pain both at rest and during stressful activities. Two patients had no pain at rest and mild pain on stressful activities. The remaining two patients had mild pain at rest and moderate pain on stressful activities. The arc of extension/flexion of the wrist and grip strength both improved as compared to their preoperative levels. The average postoperative Quick DASH score was 12.5.Conclusions: Scaphoid excision with four corner fusion could be used to treat neglected perilunate dislocations with good pain relief and good hand function.
Functional Outcomes Following Pilon Fractures of the Middle Phalanx Managed with the Ligamentotaxor External Fixator
Authors: Colegate-Stone Toby , Marenah Kebba , Compson John , Tahmassebi Ramon , Tavakkolizadeh Adel 
Published: June 2015

Background: The surgical aims in managing displaced intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx include early joint reduction, maintaining congruence and early mobilization. Achieving this can be a challenge. However dynamic external fixators offer a solution. The study aim was to evaluate the use and outcomes of the Ligamentotaxor external fixator in patients with such injuries.Methods: A total of 12 patients were managed with this device and outcomes were assessed. All patients reached clinical and radiological union.Results: An average range of movement to the proximal interphalangeal joint of 63° was noted along with an average end of care-cycle quick-DASH score of 9.1. Two patients developed pin-site infections.Conclusions: The outcomes seen support the use of the Ligamentotaxor in the management of middle phalanx intra-articular fractures. It is simple to apply, potentially avoids the secondary complications of open reduction and gives reproducible results. However judicious patient selection is advised.
K3 surfaces with algebraic period ratios have complex multiplication
Authors: Tretkoff Paula 
Published: June 2015

Let Ω be a non-zero holomorphic 2-form on a K3 surface S. Suppose that S is projective algebraic and is defined over [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the [Formula: see text]-vector space generated by the numbers given by all the periods ∫γΩ, γ ∈ H2(S, ℤ). We show that, if [Formula: see text], then S has complex multiplication, meaning that the Mumford–Tate group of the rational Hodge structure on H2(S, ℚ) is abelian. This result was announced in [P. Tretkoff, Transcendence and CM on Borcea–Voisin towers of Calabi–Yau manifolds, J. Number Theory 152 (2015) 118–155], without a detailed proof. The converse is already well known.
Hardware Trends
Authors: Harris Tim 
Published: June 2015

This article is about three trends in computer hardware, and some of the challenges and opportunities that I think they provide for the distributed computing community. A common theme in all of these trends is that hardware is moving away from assumptions that have often been made about the relative performance of different operations (e.g., computation versus network communication), the reliability of operations (e.g., that memory accesses are reliable, but network communication is not), and even some of the basic properties of the system (e.g., that the contents of main memory are lost on power failure).
Section 1 introduces "rack-scale" systems and the kinds of properties likely in their interconnect networks. Section 2 describes challenges in systems with shared physical memory but without hardware cache coherence. Section 3 discusses non-volatile byte-addressable memory. The article is based in part on my talk at the ACM PODC 2014 event in celebration of Maurice Herlihy's sixtieth birthday.
ЩОДО МЕЖІ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «ТРИГЕРНІ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ » У БІОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕДИЦИНІ. ПЕРШЕ ПОВІДОМЛЕННЯ - ПОСТАНОВКА ПРОБЛЕМИ
Authors: Mіntser O. P. , Ihrunova K. M. 
Published: June 2015

The possi bilities of using trigger formats to manage correction of pathological conditions were consi dered. The adaptation model of stress was analyzed. It is shown the possi bility of using the scatter of results to assess congruence compensatory reactions. As suggested hypothesis thesis that in this case trigger cascades do not work because there are not enough conditions in the body to fulfill certain trigger reactions. It is proven by the low efficacy coefficient. The relative coefficient is optimal for obtaining qualitative conclusion on the validity of pat hogenetic mechanisms. It might be useful to follow the recommendations regarding coefficient value and the degree of fluctuation researched criteria: 10 % - weak fluctuations; 10-25 % - moderate fluctuations; more than 25 % - high waves. It is shown the possi bility of using “golden proportion” to quantify the level of metabolic condition or viability, which was detected in the culture of MNCs as a ratio to the spontaneous and induced apoptosis in the control of equal value of ’’golden proportion” -0.614. It began to decline in rabbits in two weeks of stressing - 0.739 and 0.909 - in 4 weeks of stressing.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ МЕРЕЖЕВОГО НАВЧАННЯ В МЕДИЦИНІ
Authors: Krasnov V. V. , Zhyrok M. M. 
Published: June 2015

<p>The basic principles of organization of a network learning in institutions of medical education were set. We propose the<br />organizing process of network learning, which is the following sequence: for mation of the students motivation and skills of<br />effective communication in the group; training in t h e use of tools, methodologies and techniques for distance communications solutions to educational problems; real distant work under th e supervision of a teacher; independent remote interaction. The results of experiments show t hat without th e formation of team interaction skills training effectiveness of the networ k is low.</p>
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ВІДДЗЕРКАЛЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПЛАНУВАННЯ КАДРОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ
Authors: Protsenko O. S. 
Published: June 2015

<p>Two ways to indentify sources of funding for workforce planning of health care provided limited funds. Emphasized that investment in education is a source of economic growth. Clear boundaries between investment in public education (receiving general education) and private investment (vocational training) does not exist. A possi ble solution to the problem of harmonization of investment policies can be informatization training system that misses factors industry research, motivation, training difficulties, financial calculations.</p>
ПЕРЕВАГИ МЕТОДУ ЕЛЕКТРОЗВАРЮВАННЯ ПРИ ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ НА РАК ГОРТАНІ СЕРЕДИННОЇ ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЇ (СТ. Т1-Т2)
Authors: Bulavin L. A. , Abyzov R. A. , Vergun L. Yu. , Onyshchenko Yu. I. 
Published: June 2015

<p>Clinical methods of larynx treat ment using electric method was presented. Main advantages of the proposed method was shown. The physical mechanisms of structural changes in the connective tissues of the larynx elements in the application of the method of welding was set.</p>
СИТУАТИВНА Й ОСОБИСТІСНА ТРИВОЖНІСТЬ СТУДЕНТА В ЕРГАТИЧНІЙ НАВЧАЛЬНІЙ СИСТЕМІ
Authors: Strakhova O. P. 
Published: June 2015

<p>The work in ergatic learning system may have an influence into the human functional state changes. The quantitative parameters of such changes may be detected by measuring the electrocutaneous characteristics in the special control acupuncture points on the human limbs - so-called microzones. To study the interconnections between situational and personal anxiety of a human and his electrocutaneous parameters, the present research was implemented. It was established that these parameters have changes according to the individual’s character.</p>
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РЕСУРСУ WOLFRAMALPHA ДЛЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ФАРМАКОКІНЕТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ
Authors: Sverstyuk A. S. , Kravets N. O. , Vakulenko D. V. 
Published: June 2015

<p>Using information technologies in the process of teaching higher mathematics, information technologies in pharmacy helps to develop students creativethinking and better skills of work in a computer environment. It also provides the higher level of getting knowledge, helps to create and study mathematical models of different phenomena; shows how to use and research mathematical methods. The article deals with advantages and disadvantages of using WolframAlpha while forming mathematical competence of future pharmacists.</p>
Chemical Characteristics and Source Analysis of Aerosol Composition over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in Spring and Autumn
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Hong-Hai , Yang Gui-Peng , Liu Qiu-Lin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The total suspended particulate (TSP) samples over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea were collected during two cruises in spring and autumn in 2012. Concentrations of water-soluble ions {Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3 −, SO42−, and CH3SO3 − [methanesulfonic acid (MSA)]} and trace metals (Al, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and V) were measured. Mass concentrations of TSP samples ranged from 65.2 to 136 μg m−3 in spring and from 15.9 to 70.3 μg m−3 in autumn, with average values of 100 ± 22.4 and 40.2 ± 17.8 μg m−3, respectively. The aerosol was acidic throughout the sampling periods according to calculation of equivalent concentrations of the cations (NH4+, nss-Ca2+, and nss-K+) and anions (nss-SO42− and NO3 −). Correlation analysis and enrichment factors revealed that the aerosol composition in the coastal marine atmosphere had a feature of a mixture of air masses: that is, crustal, marine, and anthropogenic emissions. Trace metals were enriched by a wide range of 1–103, and enrichment factors for crustal source (EFc) were relatively higher in spring. Species like Cd, Zn, and Pb had an overwhelming contribution from anthropogenic sources. In addition, the concentrations of MSA varied from 0.0075 to 0.17 and from 0.0019 to 0.018 μg m−3 during the spring and autumn cruises, respectively, with means of 0.061 and 0.012 μg m−3, respectively. Based on the observed MSA and nss-SO42− concentrations in spring and autumn, the relative biogenic sulfur contributions to nss-SO42− were estimated to be 8.0% and 3.5% on average, respectively, implying that anthropogenic sources had a dominant contribution to the sulfur budget over the observational area.
Precision cancer mouse models through genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Mou Haiwei , Kennedy Zachary , Anderson Daniel G. , Yin Hao , Xue Wen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe cancer genome is highly complex, with hundreds of point mutations, translocations, and chromosome gains and losses per tumor. To understand the effects of these alterations, precise models are needed. Traditional approaches to the construction of mouse models are time-consuming and laborious, requiring manipulation of embryonic stem cells and multiple steps. The recent development of the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, a powerful genome-editing tool for efficient and precise genome engineering in cultured mammalian cells and animals, is transforming mouse-model generation. Here, we review how CRISPR-Cas9 has been used to create germline and somatic mouse models with point mutations, deletions and complex chromosomal rearrangements. We highlight the progress and challenges of such approaches, and how these models can be used to understand the evolution and progression of individual tumors and identify new strategies for cancer treatment. The generation of precision cancer mouse models through genome editing will provide a rapid avenue for functional cancer genomics and pave the way for precision cancer medicine.
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) induces migration and invasive mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: McGarry Trudy , Veale Douglas J. , Gao Wei , Orr Carl , Fearon Ursula , Connolly Mary 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigates the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the regulation of migratory and invasive mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Invasion, migration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) expression, β-integrin binding, cytoskeletal rearrangement and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activation in response to a TLR2-ligand, Pam3CSK4 (1 μg/ml), in ex vivo RA synovial tissue explants, primary RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFC) and microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) were assessed by Transwell Matrigel™ invasion chambers, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), multiplex adhesion binding assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), F-actin immunofluorescent staining, matrigel synovial outgrowths, Rac1 pull-down assays/Western blot and zymography. β1-integrin expression in RA/control synovial tissue was assessed by immunohistology. The effect of Pam3CSK4 on cell migration, invasion, MMP-3 and Rac1 activation was examined in the presence or absence of anti-β1-integrin (10 μg/ml) or anti-IgG control (10 μg/ml). The effect of an anti-TLR-2 mAb (OPN301)(1 μg/ml) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) control (1 μg/ml) on RASFC migration and RA synovial tissue MMP activity was assessed by wound assays, ELISA and zymography.

Results
Pam3CSK4 significantly induced cell migration, invasion, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and induced the MMP-1/TIMP-3 and MMP-3/TIMP-3 ratio in RASFC and explants (p <0.05). β1-integrin expression was significantly higher in RA synovial tissue compared to controls (p <0.05). Pam3CSK4 specifically induced β1-integrin binding in RASFC (p <0.05), with no effect observed for β2-4, β6, αvβ5 or α5β1. Pam3CSK4 increased β1-integrin mRNA expression, Rac1 activation, RASFC outgrowths and altered cytoskeletal dynamic through induction of filopodia formation. Pam3CSK4-regulated cell migration and invasion processes, but not MMP-3, were inhibited in the presence of anti-β1-integrin (p <0.05), with no effect observed for anti-IgG control. Furthermore, anti-β1-integrin inhibited Pam3CSK4-induced Rac1 activation. Finally, blockade of TLR2 with OPN301 significantly decreased spontaneous release of MMP-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increased TIMP-3 secretion from RA synovial explant cultures (p <0.05). Incubation of RASFC with OPN301 RA ex vivo conditioned media inhibited migration and invasion compared to IgG control.

Conclusions
TLR2 activation induces migrational and invasive mechanisms, which are critically involved in the pathogenesis of RA, suggesting TLR2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RA.
Introduction
Authors: Hayward Eva , Weinstein Jami 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This introduction puts into conversation two seemingly divergent analytics: transgender studies and animal studies. It asks: How does the prefixial nature of trans—across, into, and through: a prepositional force—further transfigure the “animal turn”? If the animal turn has recharged inquiry into difference and ethics, what happens to these magnetic pulls when they are transformed, transacted, or transduced by trans studies? Taking as a central logic that transgender subjects have never been fully human—consider how the indeterminate pronoun “it” has been used to name transgenders—the introduction posits how a trans heuristic allows us to better understand the limits of “the human” as a biopolitical tool for privileging a few so as to de-, in-, nonhumanize the many. Trans exposes what is at stake in these prefixial maneuvers, what is materialized and dematerialized, what is made livable and unlivable, killable and un-killable.
Species Panic
Authors: Huebert David 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Elaborating a concept of “species panic” and its intrinsic relation to interspecies desire, this article couples the concerns of animal studies and posthumanism with those of queer and transgender theory, synthesizing these positions through their shared commitment to unstable frameworks of gender, sexuality, and embodied identity. It argues that humans, androids, and electric and “genuine” animals do not exist in isolation in Philip K. Dick's 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? On the contrary, they occupy shifting positions on a series of spectrums, where human, animal, and machine bleed into one another. If one accepts the novel's invitation to think the androids as a species, the plot of Do Androids Dream becomes a dramatization of interspecies desire. After arguing that interspecies desire is, in multiple senses, queer and that Dick's androids serve as exemplars of trans embodiment and offer models for reconceiving bodily existence, the author concludes that Dick's portrayal of species-transgressive sexual explorations is not a priori radical.
GI's Anatomy
Authors: McNay Anna , Stewart Jay 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Historically, the dominant body of representations of gender variance has been presented from the point of view of the medical practitioner: as abnormalities, as “other.” In spring 2013, thirty transgender and intersex people participated in GI's Anatomy, a series of practical life-drawing workshops in London programmed by the arts-based organization Gendered Intelligence (GI). The models posing also identified as transgender or as having an intersex condition. The project gave its participants the opportunity to create a significant body of work, to issue new representations of their own bodies, to take a more holistic view of the person and the wider social and cultural references in which they sit. This article reviews the goals and achievements of this seminal project, taking a closer look at the experience of two participants and focusing on the circularity of knowledge production at play.
Locating a Tranimal Past
Authors: Booth M. Dale 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This review essay surveys the current state of tranimal historiography, paying specific attention to Jens Rydström's Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880–1950, several essays in the edited collection Centering Animals in Latin American History, and Leah DeVun's GLQ article “Animal Appetites.” Ranging from the medieval to the modern, these texts offer a glimpse at an emerging branch of tranimal studies rooted in historical methodology and analysis.
NMR Logs Help Formation Testing and Evaluation
Authors: Hursan Gabor G. , Deering James S. , Kelly Francis N. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A large-scale formation evaluation program has been conducted in multiple fields to enhance reservoir description and fluid characterization. Well-logging targets include siliciclastic and carbonaceous formations that pose numerous challenges to petrophysical interpretation and wellsite operations. First, it is difficult to select formation pressure points as permeability prediction by conventional logs is hindered by complex lithology, grain size variations and microporosity. The second challenge is the complex distribution of fluids where hydrocarbons may vary from heavy oil to gas within a single reservoir section. This often necessitates a number of fluid pumpouts or samples that are by far the most time-consuming and expensive element of the logging program.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs noticeably reduce the uncertainties of log interpretation and increase operational efficiency in multiple ways. Formation tester measurements demonstrate that the readily available NMR Free Fluid Index (FFI) predicts fluid mobility with remarkable consistency especially in complex shaly sand intervals. Advanced NMR T1, T2 and diffusivity measurements also helped identify distribution of formation water, oil and gas.
This work presents case studies to demonstrate each of the above benefits with notes on principal limitations and areas of improvement. It also reviews technical lessons from NMR logging performed by different vendors in several evaluation wells in the area from the viewpoint of everyday tasks. Practical guidelines are formulated for logging tool and activation selection, log quality-control, and NMR data processing with standard basic and advanced algorithms followed by recommendations for future reservoir description studies.