bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discloremia as a Clinical Predictor in Neurocritical Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study in the Intensive Care Unit at Hospital Manolo Morales Peralta, Nicaragua
Authors: Latino Rosa Natalia Fonseca , Pedroza Manuel Enrique , Tejada Erling Salazar , Rodríguez Arlin Montoya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Discloremia, encompassing hypochloremia and hyperchloremia, is a frequent complication in critically ill patients receiving chloride-rich solutions. This study explores the associations between discloremia, osmotic solution use, and clinical outcomes in neurocritical patients.
Methods: A descriptive, correlational, and analytical study was conducted at Manolo Morales Peralta Hospital. We evaluated 75 patients with neurocritical pathologies, analyzing their demographics, clinical characteristics, osmotic therapy use, discloremia development, and clinical outcomes.
Results: The study population predominantly comprised males (62.67%) with a mean age of 61 years. Ischemic cerebrovascular events were the most frequent diagnosis (38.67%). Notably, 65.52% of patients received 3% saline solution. Discloremia development was associated with chloride levels at 48 hours (p = 0.009). Serum chloride levels above 114 mEq/L correlated with prolonged ICU/hospital stay (p = 0.007). However, no significant associations were observed between discloremia and mortality or Rankin scale scores (p = 0.75).
Discussion: Our findings suggest a complex relationship between discloremia and clinical outcomes in neurocritical patients. Future studies should explore tailored chloride management strategies to optimize clinical outcomes in this patient population.
The Effects of Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Particle Sizes on HIV Cell Entry via gp41 C34: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Qing Liu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The gp41 C34 peptide, which is part of the HIV envelope glycoprotein, is crucial for HIV entry into host cells because it facilitates membrane fusion and serves as a biomarker for viral replication. Lipoproteins, including HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons, affect HIV infection via their cholesterol levels and particle sizes, but their causal relationships with HIV remain unclear.
Methods: Utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to infer causality, this study leverages genetic data from the UK Biobank (115,082 individuals) and the KORA cohort (997 individuals) to explore the causal relationships between 39 lipoprotein traits (cholesterol levels and subtype concentrations of different particle sizes) and gp41 C34 expression. The primary MR method employed was the random-effect inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. To ensure robust and reliable causal inference, multiple sensitivity analyses, including weighted median, MR‒Egger regression, simple mode, weighted mode, and leave-one-out analyses, were conducted.
Results: Elevated HDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated with reduced gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.61, SE = 0.186, p = 1.25e-4, FDR = 0.004), suggesting a protective role of HDL cholesterol in HIV infection. Higher HDL particle concentrations were also inversely associated with gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.549, SE = 0.202, p = 0.007, FDR = 0.032). Increased cholesterol levels in large HDL particles were significantly inversely related to gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.46, SE = 0.16, p = 0.004, FDR = 0.03). Similarly, higher concentrations of medium HDL particles were linked to lower gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.473, SE = 0.166, p = 0.005, FDR = 0.028).
No significant causal relationships were found between gp41 C34 expression and the cholesterol levels or sizes of IDL, LDL, or VLDL particles or chylomicrons.Consequently, these lipoprotein particles are unlikely to influence gp41 C34 expression and HIV cell entry.
Conclusion: HDL cholesterol and HDL particle concentrations, particularly large and medium HDL particles, play a protective role against HIV cell entry by reducing gp41 C34 expression. Other lipoprotein particles do not show significant causal relationships, indicating that specific lipid traits modulate HIV entry mechanisms. These findings enhance our understanding of the influence of lipoprotein traits on HIV infection and persistence.
Insights from Subsurface Monitoring for Engineering of the Stimulation Pattern in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Doonechaly Nima Gholizadeh , Bröker Kai , Hertrich Marian , Rosskopf Martina , Obermann Anne , Durand Virginie , Serbeto Francisco , Shakas Alexis , Ma Xiaodong , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Repollés Victor Clasen , Villiger Linus , Meier Men-Andrin , Gischig Valentin , Plenkers Katrin , Maurer Hansruedi , Wiemer Stefan , Giardini Domenico 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Stimulation operations enhance the performance of geothermal reservoirs by boosting fluid flow and heat transfer. Predicting stimulation outcomes is challenging due to complexity of reservoir properties and limited observations given by operational conditions. Factors like stress state, natural structures, pressure distribution, and injection patterns play crucial roles in engineering of a stimulation operation. This study provides in-depth observations from a hectometer-scale stimulation experiment conducted at the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies within a densely monitored crystalline rock volume with an overburden of more than 1 km. We found that hydraulic connectivity, pressure compartments, and the characteristics of existing geological structures play pivotal roles in the propagation patterns of seismic events. Notably, the initiation and distribution of seismicity are markedly influenced by the zonal isolation and the structured propagation of pressure front across the reservoir. The research highlights the necessity of adapting stimulation strategies to the unique geomechanical as well as geological characteristics of the reservoir, as evident from the distinct activation patterns observed between the first and second injection cycles. The spatial extent of the stimulated volume can be partially guided by the number of stimulation cycles and injection pressure level, as farther structures are increasingly likely to be activated in the subsequent cycles. The results also indicate that the Kaiser effect is more pronounced in regions closer to the injection borehole. However, this effect can be attenuated due to stress changes caused by stimulation, consistent with a proposition from a recent study. Our findings underscore the critical importance of understanding the interplay between hydraulic pressures and stress states to optimize the stimulation of geothermal reservoirs effectively.
Simulation-based optimization as a method for dealing with complexity in energy system modeling
Authors: Jürgens Patrick , Müller Paul , Brandhuber Fritz , Kost Christoph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

To reflect the complexity of the energy transition, a current challenge in modeling national energy transition pathways is to combine high resolution in time, space, techno-economic and sector coupling details in a single model. To address this challenge, the paper discusses the simulation-based optimization approach used in the energy system model REMod as an alternative to linear optimization. The REMod model uses a simulation of the energy system coupled with a black-box optimization algorithm to optimize the transformation path. To limit the computational complexity, taking into account the hourly operation of the energy system along the whole transformation path, various aspects have to be considered: performance of the simulation, choice of the optimization algorithm and selection of the termination criterion and population size. The model employs a novel method of endogenous interpolation to incorporate the entire transformation path into the objective function, and it can be evaluated in parallel. This allows to increase the complexity both in technological details and in geographical resolution, leading to a model with high resolution both in sector coupling and technological details, as well as in time and space.
Study of cavernous lung lesions with malignant features
Authors: Khashifa Majd Sameer , Alloush Yazan Mohamad Samer , khattab Khalid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Many different diseases present as cavitary pulmonary nodules. The spectrum of diseases ranges from acute to chronic infections, chronic systemic diseases, and malignancies. To decide on the most likely or correct diagnosis may be challenging. Knowledge of common and uncommon radiological findings in correlation with relevant clinical history and findings is necessary to make the right diagnosis and recommend the correct follow-up or step forward. The aim of this pictorial review is to present a brief overview of CT findings of common cavitary lung diseases seen in adult patients.
Methods and materials: Radiologically diagnosed lesions were reviewed and studied as pulmonary lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma. 232 malignant cavernous lesions were detected by referring to patient files, patient records and radiological archives at Damascus Hospital from 2020 to 2024.
Results: The percentage of males was 55% and the percentage of females was 45%, ages over 40 years were 58% and under 40 years were 42%. On the chest image, a thickness of the cavern wall was found to be more than 3 cm (35%), and a thickness of more than 5 mm (65%), irregular edges on one side of the cavern 25%, and irregular edges on both sides 75%, calcification was found in 3%, and suspicion of its cancer was desquamative (35%).
Conclusion: Do not neglect any pulmonary cavern, because it may be a pulmonary neoplasm, and the best solution to diagnose pulmonary caverns is to perform positron emission tomography (PET-CT).
Impact of Sodium Acetate on the growth, biomass, carotenoids, β-carotene, and lipid composition profile of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Authors: Gedela Ravi , Dasu Veeranki Venkata , Pakshirajan Kannan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Lipids, carotenoids, and β-carotene are produced by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. This has important implications. Further optimization experiments were carried out by analyzing the substrate utilization of yeast medium supplemented with different sources of carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and sodium acetate. Additional screening was carried out in batch shake flasks to examine the effects of various nitrogen sources, phosphate concentrations, and sodium acetate. Notably, when sodium acetate was supplied as an additional carbon source in the medium, remarkable improvements in the production of key compounds were seen such as the highest yield of cell dry weight (CDW) was 1.65 ± 0.94 gL⁻¹, with a lipid output of 66.53% (w/w), showing a substantial quantity of lipid accumulation in comparison to the biomass. The lipid concentration was 2.48 ± 1.03 gL⁻¹. Furthermore, 5.84 ± 0.05 µg g⁻¹ of β-carotene and 37.66 ± 2.13 µg g⁻¹ of carotenoids were produced. The following were observed in batch reactor fed with sodium acetate 5.02 ± 0.83 gL⁻¹ for cell dry weight (CDW); 3.30 ± 0.27 gL⁻¹ for lipid concentration; 65.73 ± 0.81% (w/w) for lipid content; 40.33 ± 1.84 µg g⁻¹ for carotenoid synthesis; and 17.63 ± 0.32 µg g⁻¹ for β-carotene production. Fed-batch bioreactor using sodium acetate, R. mucilaginosa produced significant levels of biomass, lipids, carotenoids, including β-carotene 48.36 ± 1.14 µg g⁻¹ of carotenoids, 21.38 ± 1.14 µg g⁻¹ of β-carotene, a lipid concentration of 4.06 ± 0.17 gL⁻¹, and a lipid content of 68.58 ± 1.95%.
The effect of diabetes on a stroke patient in Damascus Hospital
Authors: Nabulsi Ahmad , Majzoub Yasmine Moatasem Billah , Al-Hussein Mayar Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to find the relationship between the presence of diabetes, its duration, type, treatment, and its risk on the incidence of stroke patterns.
Methods and materials: A retrospective observational stud, This study targeted patients attending Damascus Hospital. The sample was selected randomly, and data was collected between the years 2014-2024 AD according to a form in which patients’ information was recorded in detail.
Results: The incidence of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients is 37.2%, hemorrhagic stroke is 64.2%, embolic stroke is 66.7%, and hyperlipidemia is %. Type 2 diabetes is considered a risk factor for strokes, and this group is 2.59 times more likely to have a stroke compared to other types of diabetes (RR: 2.59; CI: [1.63-4.18]; P: 0.008), duration of diabetes more than 10 years constitutes a risk factor for ischemic attacks, and this group is 2.49 times more likely to have ischemic attacks compared to the rest of the groups (RR: 2.49; CI: [1.53-4.07]; P: 0.004), poor diabetes control is a risk factor for diabetes and they were 2.5 times more likely to have seizures than other groups (RR: 2.5; CI: [1.53-4.07]; P: 0.004).
Conclusion: Diabetes is one of the important risk factors for all types of strokes in patients attending Damascus Hospital
Utilizing the ANFIS and teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) methods to predict the maximum depth of scouring at culvert outlets
Authors: Kardan Nazila , Habibi Tohid 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Excessive scouring at culvert outlets is a widespread issue that often leads to culvert failure. At present, there is an absence of a universally applicable model for accurately predicting the occurrence of local scouring at culvert outlets. In this paper, a comparison is made between the performance of existing empirical equations and the results obtained from two advanced methods: adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and the teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO). This paper presents the development of the TLBO method, based on the ANFIS approach, for simulating scouring at culvert outlets. The algorithms for supervised training are applied by utilizing data collected from published studies. The results illustrate that the ANFIS -TLBO model successfully predicts scouring depth at culvert outlets with higher accuracy in comparison to existing empirical formulas. Furthermore, the model exhibits a wider range of applicability, accommodating diverse conditions. By integrating the ANFIS approach and TLBO optimization, the model surpasses the limitations of traditional empirical equations, providing engineers with a more reliable tool for predicting scour depth at culvert outlets. Ultimately, it can be concluded that the hybrid ANFIS -TLBO is a robust approach for scour depth prediction downstream of culverts.
Hybrid intelligent and numerical methods to estimate the transmission coefficients of rectangular floating breakwaters
Authors: Karami Hojat , Saghi Hasan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Breakwaters are used to reduce incoming wave energy at harbors and shorelines. This paper presents a comparison of novel two-dimensional hybrid intelligent models for the idealization of the effects of waves on the performance of moored rectangular floating breakwaters (FBs). Fluid structure interactions (FSIs) were idealized by airy-type monochromatic regular waves generated in a numerical wave tank. The coupled Volume of Fluid-Fast Fictitious Domain (VOF-FFD) interpolation method was used to evaluate FB motions. Different forms of Least Squares Support Vector Machine Methods (LSSVMs) that utilized 183 data streams were used to model FB performance for different wave height-to-water depth ratios, dimensional aspect ratios, and specific length-to-water depth ratios. Of those, 80% were used to train the model and 20% to test it. Parametric studies have shown that during training a Least Squares Support Vector Machine Method-Bat Algorithm (LSSVM-BA) with R2 = 0.8725, MAE = 0.0276, and RMSE = 0.0488 presents the most appropriate model for the evaluation of FB performance. Notwithstanding this, during testing a Least Squares Support Vector Machine Method-Cuckoo Search (LSSVM-CS) Algorithm with corresponding values of 0.6841, 0.0519, and 0.0708 performs better.
Bioactive Compounds in Citrus Species with Potential for the Treatment of Chronic Venous Disease: A Review
Authors: Almeida Silva Vitória Estéfani , de Freitas Pereira Estefane Theophilo , Ferreira Juliana Alves , Magno Teixeira Andrew , Borges Ricardo Moreira , da Silva Luiz Cláudio Rodrigues Pereira 
Published: August 2024

:
Chronic venous disease (CVD) significantly impacts global health, presenting a complex challenge
in medical management. Despite its prevalence and the burden it places on healthcare systems, CVD remains
underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the bioactive compounds
in the Citrus genus, exploring their therapeutic potential in CVD treatment and addressing the gap in
current treatment modalities. A narrative review methodology was adopted, focusing on the pharmacological
effects of Citrus-derived bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and terpenes. Additionally, the review introduced
the DBsimilarity method for analyzing the chemical space and structural similarities among Citrus
compounds. The review highlights the Citrus genus as a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds,
notably flavonoids and terpenes, which exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and veno-protective
properties. Some of these compounds have been integrated into existing therapies, underscoring their potential
for CVD management. The DBsimilarity analysis further identified many clusters of compounds with more
than 85% structural similarity. Citrus-derived bioactive compounds offer promising therapeutic potential for
managing CVD, showcasing significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and veno-protective effects. The need
for further comparative studies, as well as safety and efficacy investigations specific to CVD treatment, is evident.
This review underlines the importance of advancing our understanding of these natural compounds and
encouraging the development of novel treatments and formulations for effective CVD management. The DBsimilarity
method's introduction provides a novel approach to exploring the chemical diversity within the Citrus
genus, opening new pathways for pharmacological research.
The Study of Different Signal Peptides in Improvement of Recombinant Proteins Solubility in E. coli: A Review Article
Authors: Rahmatabadi Seyyed Soheil , Askari Soudabeh , Khademi Fatemeh , Soleymani Bijan 
Published: August 2024

:
In E. coli, the production of proteins as inclusion bodies (IBs) caused a decrease in the
solubility and activity of these products. Diverse approaches and methods have been used by investigators
to overcome this problem. The secretion of recombinant proteins into the periplasmic
space by means of suitable signal peptides is a way to resolve these limitations for the production
of recombinant proteins in a native form. Secretory production of recombinant proteins in bacterial
hosts has many advantages and thus, it is a topic of interest. However, it is hard to achieve due
to the difficulty of the process and the need for the choice of appropriate signal peptide for each
host and protein. Based on the literature, different signal peptides have experimentally been applied
to enhance the solubility of various recombinant proteins. It has been shown that the secretion
efficiency of a given protein differs dramatically based on the type of the signal peptide that
is attached to the protein. Therefore, the choice and alteration of signal peptides are the two crucial
approaches for the improvement of a recombinant protein secretion that have been discussed
in this review. Also, different factors affecting the expression and solubility of recombinant proteins
have been discussed.
Delving into Autophagy: Utilizing Natural Bioactive Compounds to Combat Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Singh Archna , Mazumder Avijit , Das Saumya , Kanda Anmol , Mishra Rashmi , Chaitanya MVNL 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Autophagy involves breaking down entire cell components, including organelles and
macromolecules found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, especially proteins with extended
lifespans. Pharmacological, therapeutic, and herbal methods are crucial throughout this deteriorating
phase. Autophagy is a widespread and historically conserved process that occurs in all eukaryotic
cells. The significance lies in cell malfunction impacting the autophagy process, which is
associated with various significant conditions such as neurological and metabolic disorders in the
brain. The role of various autophagic genes is also important in the positive regulation of autophagy.
This research will provide a concise summary of various forms of autophagy, their molecular
processes, their relationships to neuronal health, and the function of natural chemicals in the enhancement
of autophagy. However, the focus of this work is on different ways to encourage autophagy.
It is possible to treat metabolic neurodegenerative illnesses by triggering this process
with a range of herbal and natural substances. In this article, these topics are explored and debated.
Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and in vivo-based Analysis on the Effects of the MBZM-N-IBT for Arthritis
Authors: Moharana Alok Kumar , Gaur Mahendra , Mohapatra Tapas Kumar , Dash Rudra Narayan , Subudhi Bharat Bhusan 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Arthritis is the cause of morbidity associated with Chikungunya virus
(CHIKV) infection. It persists even after the virus has been cleared from the body. MBZM-NIBT
was earlier shown to inhibit (CHIKV) infection in vitro and in vivo.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine the ability of MBZM-N-IBT to manage
arthritis independent of CHIKV infection.

Methods:
The acute toxicity of MBZM-N-IBT was determined to find a permissible oral dose.
Effects against inflammation and arthritis were determined in relevant preclinical models. Network
pharmacology was used to propose possible modes of action.

Results:
It showed no acute toxicity orally, with an estimated LD50 of more than 5000 mg/kg in
rats. It significantly reduced inflammation. Its effect against Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)
induced arthritis was comparable to that of Diclofenac sodium. Network pharmacology analysis
revealed that MBZM-N-IBT can potentially interfere with multiple targets and pathways.
MMP12 and CTSD were found to be the most probable hub targets of MBZM-N-IBT for its
effect against arthritis.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, MBZM-N-IBT is safe at 50 mg/kg and can manage arthritis independent
of CHIKV infection through modulation of multiple pathways and arthritis-associated
targets.