bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of glottic cancer: retrospective analysis of 192 cases in a multidisciplinary tertiary care centre in Pune, India
Authors: Kelkar D S , Gandhi S S , Oka G A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectives:A multidisciplinary team approach is required for the preservation of voice and appropriate management of glottic cancer. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of surgically treated glottic cancers of all stages. All aspects of surgical management, such as laser cordectomy, partial laryngectomy, total laryngectomy with voice prosthesis, and salvage laryngectomy, conducted at a single tertiary care institute in India, were reviewed.Method:A retrospective analysis of hospital records was performed for 192 glottic cancer patients who were surgically treated between 2003 and 2007.Results:Patients with tumour stages 1 or 2 glottic cancer treated with laser cordectomy had a local control rate of 85 per cent and five-year survival rate of 98.6 per cent. The findings suggest that the number of partial laryngectomies performed for stage 3 tumours is declining. Patients with a tumour stage 3 lesion with a fixed hemilarynx or a tumour stage 4 lesion, treated with total laryngectomy, were found to have a five-year survival rate of 61.6 per cent. Nodal status was significantly associated with five-year survival rate.Conclusion:Surgery offers a viable five-year survival rate in glottic cancer patients.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF NAVIGATED RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CHINA
Authors: Lai Yizhen , Li Kai , Li Junbo , Liu Sheena Xin 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: Real-time virtual sonography (RVS) is a promising navigation technique for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment, especially in ablating nodules poorly visualized on conventional ultrasonography (US). However, its cost-effectiveness has not been established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of RVS navigated RFA (RVS-RFA) relative to US guided RFA (US-RFA) in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China, from the modified societal perspective.Methods: A state-transition Markov model was created using TreeAge Pro™ 2012. The parameters used in the model, including natural history of HCC patients, procedure efficacy and related costs, were obtained from a systematic search of literature through PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index databases. The simulated cohort was patients with solitary, small HCC (<3 cm in diameter) and Child-Pugh class A or B, whose tumors are poorly visualized in B-mode US but clearly detectable by CT or MRI.Results: In this cohort of difficult cases, RVS-RFA was a preferred strategy saving 2,467 CNY ($392) throughout the patient's life while gaining additional 1.4 QALYs compared with conventional US guidance. The results were sensitive to the efficacy of US-RFA and RVS-RFA including complete ablation rate and local recurrence rate, the median survival for patients with progressive HCC, the probability of performing RFA for recurrent HCC, and the cost of RVS navigation, disposable needle or hospitalization.Conclusions: RVS-RFA is a dominant strategy for patients with small HCC unidentifiable in B-mode US, in terms of cost savings and QALYs gained, relative to the conventional US-guided method.
CCAMLR’s precautionary approach to management focusing on Ross Sea toothfish fishery
Authors: Hanchet Stuart , Sainsbury Keith , Butterworth Doug , Darby Chris , Bizikov Viacheslav , Rune Godø Olav , Ichii Taro , Kock Karl-Hermann , López Abellán Luis , Vacchi Marino 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSeveral recent papers have criticized the scientific robustness of the fisheries management system used by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), including that for Ross Sea toothfish. Here we present a response from the wider CCAMLR community to address concerns and to correct some apparent misconceptions about how CCAMLR acts to promote conservation whilst allowing safe exploitation in all of its fisheries. A key aspect of CCAMLR’s approach is its adaptive feedback nature; regular monitoring and analysis allows for adjustments to be made, as necessary, to provide a robust management system despite the statistical uncertainties inherent in any single assessment. Within the Ross Sea, application of CCAMLR’s precautionary approach has allowed the toothfish fishery to develop in a steady fashion with an associated accumulation of data and greater scientific understanding. Regular stock assessments of the fishery have been carried out since 2005, and the 2013 stock assessment estimated current spawning stock biomass to be at 75% of the pre-exploitation level. There will always be additional uncertainties which need to be addressed, but where information is lacking the CCAMLR approach to management ensures exploitation rates are at a level commensurate with a precautionary approach.
Framework and form: burgage plots, street lines and domestic architecture in early urban Scotland
Authors: STELL GEOFFREY , TAIT ROBIN 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT:This article explores some of the ways in which the closely regulated layouts and property boundaries within Scottish medieval towns may have influenced the form and character of domestic buildings during the late medieval and early modern periods. Drawing together strands of scattered evidence from archaeology, morphology, history and architecture, it re-examines how plot boundaries, main thoroughfares and subsidiary access passages acted as site constraints in relation to the design and configuration of individual structures or groups of buildings, focusing in particular on building frontages and so-called ‘encroachments’ such as booths, stairs, galleries and arcades.
Influence of CHDs on psycho-social and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Visootsak Jeannie , Huddleston Lillie , Buterbaugh Allison , Perkins Adrienne , Sherman Stephanie , Hunter Jessica 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the family psycho-social outcomes of children with Down syndrome and atrioventricular septal defect, and examine the impact of these variables on the child’s neurodevelopmental outcome.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that consisted of 57 children with Down syndrome – 20 cases and 37 controls – of ~12–14 months of age. In both groups, we assessed the development of the child, the quality of the child’s home environment, and parenting stress.ResultsCompared with the Down syndrome without CHD group, the atrioventricular septal defect group revealed lower scores in all developmental domains, less optimal home environments, and higher parental stress. Significant differences in development were seen in the areas of cognition (p=0.04), expressive language (p=0.05), and gross motor (p<0.01). The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment revealed significant differences in emotional and verbal responsiveness of the mother between the two groups. The Parenting Stress Index revealed that the Down syndrome with atrioventricular septal defect group had a significantly higher child demandingness subdomain scores compared with the Down syndrome without CHD group.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of a CHD in addition to the diagnosis of Down syndrome may provide additional stress to the child and parents, elevating parental concern and disrupting family dynamics, resulting in further neurodevelopmental deficits. Finding that parental stress and home environment may play a role in the neurodevelopmental outcomes may prompt new family-directed interventions and anticipatory guidance for the families of children with Down syndrome who have a CHD.
Determinants of quality of life in children and adolescents with CHD: a systematic review
Authors: Drakouli Maria , Petsios Konstantinos , Giannakopoulou Margarita , Patiraki Elisabeth , Voutoufianaki Ioanna , Matziou Vasiliki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThis review aims to outline a systematic approach for the assessment of quality of life in children and adolescents with CHD and to cite its main determinants.MethodsA systematic critical literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cinahl databases resulted in 954 papers published after 2000. After the quality assessment, 32 original articles met the inclusion criteria.ResultsMethodological quality of the included studies varied greatly, showing a moderate quality. Impaired quality of life was associated with more severe cardiac lesions. Children with CHD, after cardiac surgery, reported diminished quality of life concerning physical, psycho-social, emotional, and school functioning. The majority of clinical studies showed significant differences among children and their parents’ responses regarding their quality of life, with a tendency of children to report greater quality of life scores than their parents. According to our analysis, concerning children with CHD, the most cited determinants of their quality of life were as follows: (a) parental support; (b) lower socio-economic status; (c) limitations due to physical impairment; (d) sense of coherence; as well as (e) the level of child’s everyday anxiety and depression. These findings suggest that differences in quality of life issues may exist across lesion severities.ConclusionQuality of life in children with CHD should be assessed according to age; severity; therapeutic approach; acceptance of the disease; and personality features. Effective management and early recognition of significant impairments in quality of life could impact clinical outcomes in children with CHD.
Hospital Bed Surge Capacity in the Event of a Mass-Casualty Incident
Authors: Davis Daniel P. , Poste Jennifer C. , Hicks Toni , Polk Deanna , Rymer Thérèse E. , Jacoby Irving 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroduction:Traditional strategies to determine hospital bed surge capacity have relied on cross-sectional hospital census data, which underestimate the true surge capacity in the event of a mass-casualtyincident.Objective:To determine hospital bed surge capacity for the County more accurately using physician and nurse manager assessments for the disposition of all in-patients at multiple facilities.Methods:Overnight- and day-shift nurse managers from each in-patient unit at four different hospitals were approached to make assessments for each patient as to their predicted disposition at 2, 24, and 72 hours post-event in the case of a mass-casualty incident, including transfer to a hypothetical, onsite nursing facility. Physicians at the two academic institutions also were approached for comparison. Age, gender, and admission diagnosis also were recorded for each patient.Results:A total of 1,741 assessments of 788 patients by 82 nurse managers aabnd 25 physicians from the four institutions were included. Nurse managers assessed approximately one-third of all patients as dischargeable at 24 hours and approximately one-half at 72 hours; one-quarter of the patients were assessed as being transferable to a hypothetical, on-site nursing facility at both time points. Physicians were more likely than werenurse managers to send patients to such a facility or discharge them, but less likely to transfer patients outof the intensive care unit (ICU). Inter-facility variability was explained by differences in the distribution of patient diagnoses.Conclusions:A large proportion of in-patients can be discharged within 24 and 72 hours in the event of a mass-casualty incident (MCI). Additional beds can be made available if an on-site nursing facility is made available. Both physicians and nurse managers should be included on the team that makes patient dispositions in the event of a MCI.
Public health care nurses’ views of mothers’ mental health in paediatric healthcare services: a qualitative study
Authors: Borglin Gunilla , Hentzel Johanna , Bohman Doris M. 
Published: February 2015

AimTo investigate public health nurses’ perceptions and experiences of mental health and of the prevention of mental ill health among women postpartum, within paediatric healthcare services.BackgroundAlthough maternal health following childbirth should be a priority within primary care, it is known that women postpartum do not always receive the support they need to adapt to and cope with motherhood. Research implies that postnatal problems lack recognition and are not always acknowledged in routine practice. Few studies have been presented on this topic or from the perspective of nurses.MethodsFor this study, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with public health nurses, and the transcribed texts were analysed through a process inspired by Burnard’s description of the four-step qualitative content analysis.FindingsThree categories – external influences on postpartum mental health, screening for and preventing postpartum mental ill health and paediatric healthcare services as a platform for support – were interpreted to reflect the nurses’ perceptions and experiences of mental health among women postpartum and of the prevention of mental ill health among women postpartum.ConclusionWe found that public health nurses can have an important role in supporting mothers’ mental health postpartum. Although caution is warranted in interpreting our results, the findings concur with those of other studies, highlighting that an equal care emphasis on both the mother and child can be an important aspect of successful support. Implementing person-centred care might be one strategy to create such an emphasis, while also promoting the mental health of new mothers. Public health nurses have a unique opportunity to support mothers’ transition into healthy motherhood, especially because they are likely to meet both mothers and children on a regular basis during the first year after birth.
H2S and NO cooperatively regulate vascular tone by activating a neuroendocrine HNO–TRPA1–CGRP signalling pathway
Authors: Eberhardt Mirjam , Dux Maria , Namer Barbara , Miljkovic Jan , Cordasic Nada , Will Christine , Kichko Tatjana I. , de la Roche Jeanne , Fischer Michael , Suárez Sebastián A. , Bikiel Damian , Dorsch Karola , Leffler Andreas , Babes Alexandru , Lampert Angelika , Lennerz Jochen K. , Jacobi Johannes , Martí Marcelo A. , Doctorovich Fabio , Högestätt Edward D. , Zygmunt Peter M. , Ivanovic-Burmazovic Ivana , Messlinger Karl , Reeh Peter , Filipovic Milos R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNitroxyl (HNO) is a redox sibling of nitric oxide (NO) that targets distinct signalling pathways with pharmacological endpoints of high significance in the treatment of heart failure. Beneficial HNO effects depend, in part, on its ability to release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) through an unidentified mechanism. Here we propose that HNO is generated as a result of the reaction of the two gasotransmitters NO and H2S. We show that H2S and NO production colocalizes with transient receptor potential channel A1 (TRPA1), and that HNO activates the sensory chemoreceptor channel TRPA1 via formation of amino-terminal disulphide bonds, which results in sustained calcium influx. As a consequence, CGRP is released, which induces local and systemic vasodilation. H2S-evoked vasodilatatory effects largely depend on NO production and activation of HNO–TRPA1–CGRP pathway. We propose that this neuroendocrine HNO–TRPA1–CGRP signalling pathway constitutes an essential element for the control of vascular tone throughout the cardiovascular system.
Indole is an essential herbivore-induced volatile priming signal in maize
Authors: Erb Matthias , Veyrat Nathalie , Robert Christelle A. M. , Xu Hao , Frey Monika , Ton Jurriaan , Turlings Ted C. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHerbivore-induced volatile organic compounds prime non-attacked plant tissues to respond more strongly to subsequent attacks. However, the key volatiles that trigger this primed state remain largely unidentified. In maize, the release of the aromatic compound indole is herbivore-specific and occurs earlier than other induced responses. We therefore hypothesized that indole may be involved in airborne priming. Using indole-deficient mutants and synthetic indole dispensers, we show that herbivore-induced indole enhances the induction of defensive volatiles in neighbouring maize plants in a species-specific manner. Furthermore, the release of indole is essential for priming of mono- and homoterpenes in systemic leaves of attacked plants. Indole exposure markedly increases the herbivore-induced production of the stress hormones jasmonate-isoleucine conjugate and abscisic acid, which represents a likely mechanism for indole-dependent priming. These results demonstrate that indole functions as a rapid and potent aerial priming agent that prepares systemic tissues and neighbouring plants for incoming attacks.
Observation of coherent oscillation in single-passage Landau-Zener transitions
Authors: Sun Guozhu , Wen Xueda , Gong Ming , Zhang Dan-Wei , Yu Yang , Zhu Shi-Liang , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng , Han Siyuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLandau-Zener transition (LZT) has been explored in a variety of physical systems for coherent population transfer between different quantum states. In recent years, there have been various proposals for applying LZT to quantum information processing because when compared to the methods using ac pulse for coherent population transfer, protocols based on LZT are less sensitive to timing errors. However, the effect of finite range of qubit energy available to LZT based state control operations has not been thoroughly examined. In this work, we show that using the well-known Landau-Zener formula in the vicinity of an avoided energy-level crossing will cause considerable errors due to coherent oscillation of the transition probability in a single-passage LZT experiment. The data agree well with the numerical simulations which take the transient dynamics of LZT into account. These results not only provide a closer view on the issue of finite-time LZT but also shed light on its effects on the quantum state manipulation.
Design, Implementation and Characterization of a Quantum-Dot-Based Volumetric Display
Authors: Hirayama Ryuji , Naruse Makoto , Nakayama Hirotaka , Tate Naoya , Shiraki Atsushi , Kakue Takashi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Ohtsu Motoichi , Ito Tomoyoshi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a volumetric display system based on quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a polymer substrate. Unlike conventional volumetric displays, our system does not require electrical wiring; thus, the heretofore unavoidable issue of occlusion is resolved because irradiation by external light supplies the energy to the light-emitting voxels formed by the QDs. By exploiting the intrinsic attributes of the QDs, the system offers ultrahigh definition and a wide range of colours for volumetric displays. In this paper, we discuss the design, implementation and characterization of the proposed volumetric display's first prototype. We developed an 8 × 8 × 8 display comprising two types of QDs. This display provides multicolour three-type two-dimensional patterns when viewed from different angles. The QD-based volumetric display provides a new way to represent images and could be applied in leisure and advertising industries, among others.
Genetic variants in the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway and risk of different types of cancer
Authors: Tan Juan , Yu Chen-Yang , Wang Zhen-Hua , Chen Hao-Yan , Guan Jian , Chen Ying-Xuan , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMembers of the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway regulate cell proliferation, migration and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Whether germline genetic variants in inositol phosphate metabolism pathway are associated with cancer risk remains to be clarified. We examined the association between inositol phosphate metabolism pathway genes and risk of eight types of cancer using data from genome-wide association studies. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate SNP-level associations. Gene- and pathway-based associations were tested using the permutation-based adaptive rank-truncated product method. The overall inositol phosphate metabolism pathway was significantly associated with risk of lung cancer (P = 2.00 × 10−4), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P = 5.70 × 10−3), gastric cancer (P = 3.03 × 10−2) and renal cell carcinoma (P = 1.26 × 10−2), but not with pancreatic cancer (P = 1.40 × 10−1), breast cancer (P = 3.03 × 10−1), prostate cancer (P = 4.51 × 10−1) and bladder cancer (P = 6.30 × 10−1). Our results provide a link between inherited variation in the overall inositol phosphate metabolism pathway and several individual genes and cancer. Further studies will be needed to validate these positive findings and to explore its mechanisms.
Surface structure determines dynamic wetting
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Do-Quang Minh , Cannon James J. , Yue Feng , Suzuki Yuji , Amberg Gustav , Shiomi Junichiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLiquid wetting of a surface is omnipresent in nature and the advance of micro-fabrication and assembly techniques in recent years offers increasing ability to control this phenomenon. Here, we identify how surface roughness influences the initial dynamic spreading of a partially wetting droplet by studying the spreading on a solid substrate patterned with microstructures just a few micrometers in size. We reveal that the roughness influence can be quantified in terms of a line friction coefficient for the energy dissipation rate at the contact line and that this can be described in a simple formula in terms of the geometrical parameters of the roughness and the line-friction coefficient of the planar surface. We further identify a criterion to predict if the spreading will be controlled by this surface roughness or by liquid inertia. Our results point to the possibility of selectively controlling the wetting behavior by engineering the surface structure.
Defoliation of interior Douglas-fir elicits carbon transfer and stress signalling to ponderosa pine neighbors through ectomycorrhizal networks
Authors: Song Yuan Yuan , Simard Suzanne W. , Carroll Allan , Mohn William W. , Zeng Ren Sen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExtensive regions of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, IDF) forests in North America are being damaged by drought and western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis). This damage is resulting from warmer and drier summers associated with climate change. To test whether defoliated IDF can directly transfer resources to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosae) regenerating nearby, thus aiding in forest recovery, we examined photosynthetic carbon transfer and defense enzyme response. We grew pairs of ectomycorrhizal IDF ‘donor’ and ponderosa pine ‘receiver’ seedlings in pots and isolated transfer pathways by comparing 35 μm, 0.5 μm and no mesh treatments; we then stressed IDF donors either through manual defoliation or infestation by the budworm. We found that manual defoliation of IDF donors led to transfer of photosynthetic carbon to neighboring receivers through mycorrhizal networks, but not through soil or root pathways. Both manual and insect defoliation of donors led to increased activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase in the ponderosa pine receivers, via a mechanism primarily dependent on the mycorrhizal network. These findings indicate that IDF can transfer resources and stress signals to interspecific neighbors, suggesting ectomycorrhizal networks can serve as agents of interspecific communication facilitating recovery and succession of forests after disturbance.