bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind Force on Tall Structure: An Approach From SPH
Authors: Ahmed Ananna , Baki Abdullah Hil , Noor Munaz Ahmed 
Published: October 2012

Wind pressure calculation for tall building frame has always been an extensive job. Usual methods used to estimate wind load are Wind tunnel test method and Finite Element Method and specifications has been derived. In this research, with a view to eliminating drawbacks of these methods and providing a visual interpretation of wind flow a third method is introduced using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Approach. A model simulation was performed by a SPH software named SPHysics to calculate the pressure exerted on the structure and to derive a graphical interpretation of flow pattern using Para View. Values of pressure at different elevation of the building that actually occurs when wind with certain velocity flows through a tall building are found. From the data found, height vs. pressure graphs are generated which clearly supports the proportional relationship between these two parameters even with triangular and parabolic variation. Again, velocity vs. pressure graphs are plotted which also justifies inter-relationship of proportionality. This is a qualitative comparison not a quantitative one as there is many limitations regarding technicality, computer capacity, and time. These values may be crosschecked with the values found from conventional methods when more precise and suitable boundary conditions can be used in simulation. In future, with intricate detailing and suitable three dimensional modeling, more accurate value of pressure can be found with wide range of applicability. The authors are expecting derivation of two equations as a function of height and velocity to calculate wind load to use in design if further proceeding is possible. This can offer a significant benefit of simplicity for users and can be beginning a new era of using SPH in structural engineering. Keywords - Wind force, tall structure, Particle Hydrodynamics Approach
Rodent Models of Colorectal Distension
Authors: O'Mahony Siobhain M. , Tramullas Monica , Fitzgerald Patrick , Cryan John F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractColorectal distension (CRD) is a widely accepted, reproducible method for assessing visceral sensitivity in both clinical and pre‐clinical studies. Distension of the colon mirrors the human scenario of visceral pain with regard to intensity and referral of pain in patients. There are several readouts that can be applied to the CRD protocol depending on the species being evaluated, two of which are described in this unit. CRD can be used to measure the impact of novel compounds, strain, or genetic differences as well as the effect of physical and psychological stressors on the sensitivity of the colon. Investigation of the impact of a noxious visceral stimulus (CRD) on other systems within the body can also be carried out. Given that visceral pain is a major clinical problem and one of the most common reasons patients seek out medical advice, the ability to assess this type of pain is essential to the discovery of successful treatments. This unit outlines two protocols that describe CRD of rats and mice. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 61:9.40.1‐9.40.13. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Direct Threat of a UV‐Ozone Treated Indium‐Tin‐Oxide Substrate to the Stabilities of Common Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Lo Ming‐Fai , Ng Tsz‐Wai , Mo Hin‐Wai , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUltraviolet‐ozone treated indium‐tin‐oxide (UV‐ITO) glass substrates have been widely and unquestioningly used in the field of organic electronics to improve both device performance and stability. Evidence is presented here for rapid decay of common organic films such as N,N′‐bis(naphthalen‐1‐ yl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine (NPB), tris(8‐hydroxy‐quinolinato)aluminum (Alq3), and rubrene when they are in contact with an UV‐ITO substrate. While the photoluminescence (PL) of these organic films deposited on an UV‐ITO substrate decay rapidly under illumination; those on quartz substrates are comparatively much more stable. Results from X‐ray and UV photoemission spectroscopies (XPS and UPS) further suggest that degradations of the rubrene films on UV‐ITO substrate are mainly attributed to active oxygen species generated upon UV‐ozone treatment. These reactive oxygen species on the UV‐ITO surface behave as a reservoir of oxygen that interacts with rubrene and shifts its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level away from the Fermi level. This interaction induces a gap‐state in the energy gap of rubrene, which acts as a charge recombination center. More importantly, enhanced stabilities of rubrene‐based organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are demonstrated when they are fabricated on gold‐coated or trifluoromethane (CHF3) plasma‐treated ITO. The presented works shows that the commonly used UV‐ITO substrate is a threat to the stability of addlayer organic semiconducting films.
Analysis of level A in vitro–in vivo correlations for an extended‐release formulation with limited bioavailability
Authors: Kakhi Maziar , Marroum Patrick , Chittenden Jason 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA two‐stage, numerical deconvolution approach was employed to develop level A in vitro–in vivo correlations using data for three formulations of an extended‐release oral dosage form. The in vitro dissolution data for all formulations exhibited near‐complete dissolution within the time frame of the test. The pharmacokinetic concentration–time profiles for 16 subjects in a cross‐over study demonstrated notably limited bioavailability for the slowest formulation. These data were used as the basis for the IVIVC model development. Two models were identified that satisfied the nominal requirements for a conclusive internal predictability of the IVIVC, provided that all three formulations were used as internal datasets. These were a simple linear model with absorption cut‐off and a piecewise‐linear variable absorption scale model. A subsequent cross‐validation of the models' robustness indicated that neither model predicted satisfactorily the pharmacokinetic characteristics of all formulations in a conclusive manner. The piecewise‐linear variable absorption scale model provided the most accurate results, particularly with respect to the prediction of the slowest formulation's pharmacokinetic metrics. But this latter model also involved additional free parameters compared with the simple linear model with absorption cut‐off. It is argued that more complex IVIVC models with extra parameterization require comprehensive validation to ascertain the accuracy and robustness of the model. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to ensure a complete suite of supporting datasets for internal and external validation, irrespective of the mathematical approach used subsequently to develop the IVIVC. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA‐based chemiluminescent nanoprobes for highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II) ion
Authors: Yu Xijuan , Liu Xiangnan , Mou Chuanqin , Wang Zhiguang 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive DNA‐stablized gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐based chemiluminescent (CL) probe for detecting mercury ion (Hg2+) in aqueous solution has been developed. The CL strategy relies upon the catalytic activity of unmodified AuNPs on the luminol–H2O2 CL reaction, and the interaction of unmodified AuNPs with DNA. The unmodified AuNPs can effectively differentiate unstructured and folded DNA. The DNA desorbs from AuNPs in the presence of Hg2+, leading to the increase in CL signal. By rationally varying the number of thymine in single‐strand oligonucleotides, the detection range could be tuned. Employing single‐strand oligonucleotides with 14 thymine in the detecting system, a sensitive linear range for Hg2+ ions from 5.0 × 10–10 to 1.0 × 10–7 mol/L and a detection limit of 2.1 × 10–10 mol/L are obtained. Changing the number of thymine to 10 and 6, it leads to a narrow detection range but a high sensitivity. Besides, DNA‐based CL nanoprobes exhibit a remarkable selectivity for Hg2+ ions over a variety of competing metal ions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative proteomic profiling reveals photosynthesis responsible for inoculum size dependent variation in Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Ma Qian , Wang Jiangxin , Lu Shuhuan , Lv Yajin , Yuan Yingjin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHigh density cultivation is essential to industrial production of biodiesel from microalgae, which involves in variations of micro‐environment around individual cells, including light intensity, nutrition distribution, other abiotic stress and so on. To figure out the main limit factor in high inoculum cultivation, a quantitative proteomic analysis (iTRAQ‐on‐line 2‐D nano‐LC/MS) in a non‐model green microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana, under different inoculum sizes was conducted. The resulting high‐quality proteomic dataset consisted of 695 proteins. Using a cutoff of P < 0.05, 241 unique proteins with differential expression levels were identified between control and different inoculum sizes. Functional analysis showed that proteins participating in photosynthesis (light reaction) and Calvin cycle (carbon reaction pathway) had highest expression levels under inoculum size of 1 × 106 cells mL−1, and lowest levels under 1 × 107 cells mL−1. Canonical correlation analysis of the photosynthesis related proteins and metabolites biomarkers showed that a good correlation existed between them (canonical coefficient was 0.987), suggesting photosynthesis process greatly affected microalgae biodiesel productivity and quality. Proteomic study of C. sorokiniana under different illuminations was also conducted to confirm light intensity as a potential limit factor of high inoculum size. Nearly two thirds of proteins showed up‐regulation under the illumination of 70–110 µmol m−2 s−1, compared to those of 40 µmol m−2 s−1. This result suggested that by elegantly adjusting light conditions, high cell density cultivation and high biodiesel production might be achieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 773–784. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Zn–ProPhenol‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkyne Addition: Synthesis of Chiral Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Bartlett Mark J. , Weiss Andrew H. , von Wangelin Axel Jacobi , Chan Vincent S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe development of a general and practical zinc‐catalyzed enantioselective alkyne addition methodology is reported. The commercially available ProPhenol ligand (1) has facilitated the addition of a wide range of zinc alkynylides to aryl, aliphatic, and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes in high yield and enantioselectivity. New insights into the mechanism of this reaction have resulted in a significant reduction in reagent stoichiometry, enabling the use of precious alkynes and avoiding the use of excess dimethylzinc. The enantioenriched propargylic alcohols from this reaction serve as versatile synthetic intermediates and have enabled efficient syntheses of several complex natural products.
Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Iridium(III) and Platinum(II) Metallophosphors for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ran Xueqin , Feng Jikang , Wong Waiyeung , Ren Aimin , Zhou Guijiang , Sun Chiachung 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn elaborated theoretical investigation on the optical and electronic properties of three fluorene‐based platinum(II) and iridium(III) cyclometalated complexes Pt‐a, Ir‐a and Ir‐b is reported. The geometric and electronic structures of the complexes in the ground state are studied with density functional theory and Hartree Fock approaches, while the lowest triplet excited states are optimized by singles configuration interaction (CIS) methods. At the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) level, molecular absorption and emission properties were calculated on the basis of optimized ground‐ and excited‐state geometries, respectively. The computational results show that the appearance of triphenylamino (TPA) moiety at the 9‐position of fluorene ring favors the hole‐creation and leads to red‐shifts of absorption and emission spectra. Moreover, Pt‐a and Ir‐b are nice hole‐transporting materials whereas Ir‐a has good charge‐transfer balance, which render them useful for the realization of efficient OLEDs (Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes).
Synthesis and Properties of Degradable Copolymers Composed of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) and 3,4‐Dihydroxycinnamic Acid
Authors: Li Jihang , Shi Dongjian , Xu Huaqing , Hu Na , Dong Weifu , Chen Mingqing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPhotoreactive and degradable hyperbranched (HB) copolymers with various 3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA) compositions, poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐poly(3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid) (PCL‐co‐PDHCA), were obtained by thermal melt‐polycondensation of PCL and DHCA. The HB structures and the branching degree (BD) of the PCL‐co‐PDHCA copolymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The melting points (Tm) of the PCL‐co‐PDHCA copolymers changed depending on the PCL and DHCA composition by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WXRD) analysis showed semi‐crystalline of the PCL and PCL‐co‐PDHCA polymers. The PCL‐co‐PDHCA copolymers showed good photoreactivities and fluorescent properties. Crosslinking of the cinnamoyl groups in the copolymers caused by UV irradiation affected the thermal stability and wettability slightly. Moreover, the hydrolysis experiments revealed that copolymers are facile degradable.
Preparation of Covalently‐colored Polymer Latex via Batch Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Li Botian , Shen Jie , Ji Wenjiao , Cheng Guanzhi , Kan Chengyou 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCovalently‐colored polymer latex was synthesized via batch emulsion copolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid in the presence of red polymerizable dye monomer consisting of anthraquinone chromophore, alkyl spacer and acryloyl group, and the influences of the initiator, surfactant and polymerizable dye on the polymerization and the latex properties were investigated. Results showed that the initiator amount was a determinative factor for the monomer conversion, and a high conversion of the polymerizable dye could be achieved when the ammonium persulfate amount was equal to or more than 1 wt% to the total monomers. Most of the chromophores were covalently bonded to the polymer chains if the polymerizable dye was used in the range of 0–1.5 wt%. The light fastness of the resulting latex film was much better than that of the noncovalently‐colored polymer film.
Highly Efficient CN Bond Forming Reactions in Water Catalyzed by Copper(I) Iodide with Calix[4]arene Supported Amino Acid Ionic Liquid
Authors: Huang Li , Jin Can , Su Weike 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel and effective protocol has been developed for the Ullmann‐type CN coupling reaction catalyzed by calix[4]arene supported amino acid ionic liquid and copper(I) iodide in water under microwave irradiation condition. The protocol uses calix[4]arene supported amino acid ionic liquid as double function of the ligand and phase‐transfer catalyst, and shows good tolerance in good to excellent yields.
Iodine‐Mediated Thioetherification of Alcohols with Disulfides or NaSH under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Hu Bolun , Hu Huanan , Sun Leilei , Tang Riyuan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn efficient and novel method for the thioetherification of an alcohol with disulfides or NaSH under microwave irradiation is presented. In the presence of iodine, a variety of alcohols were smoothly S‐alkylated with disulfides or NaSH to give the corresponding thioethers in moderate to excellent yields.
Rural‐urban disparities in health status among US cancer survivors
Authors: Weaver Kathryn E. , Geiger Ann M. , Lu, Lingyi , Case L. Douglas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although rural residents are more likely to be diagnosed with more advanced cancers and to die of cancer, little is known about rural‐urban disparities in self‐reported health among survivors.METHODS:The authors identified adults who had a self‐reported history of cancer from the National Health Interview Survey (2006‐2010). Rural‐urban residence was defined using US Census definitions. Logistic regression with weighting to account for complex sampling was used to assess rural‐urban differences in health status after accounting for differences in demographic characteristics.RESULTS:Of the 7804 identified cancer survivors, 20.8% were rural residents. This translated to a population of 2.8 million rural cancer survivors in the United States. Rural survivors were more likely than urban survivors to be non‐Hispanic white (P < .001), to have less education (P < .001), and to lack health insurance (P < .001). Rural survivors reported worse health in all domains. After adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, age, marital status, education, insurance, time since diagnosis, and number of cancers, rural survivors were more likely to report fair/poor health (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.20‐1.62), psychological distress (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.00‐1.50), ≥2 noncancer comorbidities (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.32), and health‐related unemployment (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.35‐2.03).CONCLUSIONS:The current results provide the first estimates of the proportion and number of US adult cancer survivors who reside in rural areas. Rural cancer survivors are at greater risk for a variety of poor health outcomes, even many years after their cancer diagnosis, and should be a target for interventions to improve their health and well being. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Development of a Liquid Chromatography/Amperometric Detection Method for the Determination of Multiresidue Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Meat‐Based Baby Foods
Authors: Casella Innocenzo G. , Contursi Michela , Gioia Daniele 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSulfonamides were oxidized at a polycrystalline gold electrode in neutral buffered phosphate medium at pH 7 and the electrochemical behavior was investigated using cyclic voltammetry technique. A liquid chromatography methodology based on the C18 reverse phase for the simultaneous separation of nine sulfamides, was studied and optimized. The amperometric detector using a polycrystalline gold substrate as working electrode and operating under pulsed amperometric detection mode (PAD) was tested for the determination of the selected molecules. Under optimal chromatographic and amperometric conditions, the limit of detection of the investigated sulfamides are comprised between 1 µM and 0.05 µM and the dynamic linear range spanned generally over three orders of magnitude. A liquid extraction procedure based on the use of acetonitrile solvent was tested and proposed for the quantitative extraction of sulfonamides from homogenized meat samples. The analytical method was successful tested for the determination of sulfonamides in homogenized meat‐based baby foods with reproducibility and recovery levels ranged between 5.0 % and 7.6 %. and 86 %–106 %, respectively.
Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation: Promoting Change in the Quality of Teacher–Child Interactions
Authors: Amini Virmani Elita , Masyn Katherine E. , Thompson Ross A. , Conners‐Burrow Nicola A. , Whiteside Mansell Leanne 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to examine the relationship between characteristics of early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) and changes in the quality of teacher–child interactions. One hundred forty‐one early childhood teachers, serving 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds in publically funded early education programs in the state of Arkansas, participated in this study. All childcare sites and preschool programs participating in the study received ECMHC through the Arkansas Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation Project over a period of 3 years. Findings from this study suggest that teachers exposed to ECMHC through their employment at one of the project sites made significant gains toward high‐quality teacher–child interactions relative to their initial levels of quality. In particular, delivery aspects of ECMHC and teachers’ experiences of ECMHC predicted change in quality of teacher–child interactions. Findings suggest that ECMHC may be a promising professional development intervention for teachers in early childhood settings and that specific characteristics of consultation may be particularly influential in impacting change in those settings.
Effect of Ni(II) on inflammatory gene expression in THP1 monocytic cells
Authors: Li Lei , Drury Jeanie L. , Zhang Hai , Sun Jianxun , DiJulio Dennis , Chung Whasun O. , Wataha John C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNickel‐containing alloys are in common use for dental restorations, but tend to corrode and release Ni(II) in service. Ni(II) increases secretion of several inflammatory cytokines from activated monocytic cells, suggesting that nickel alloys may exaggerate inflammatory responses in adjacent periodontal tissues. In this work, the effects of Ni(II) on expression of inflammatory cytokine and receptor genes as well as nuclear factor‐kappa B (NFκB)‐related genes were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR‐based arrays in the human THP1 monocytic cell line pre‐exposed to Ni(II) for 72 h, then activated by lipopolysaccharide. The expression of 10 inflammatory genes was down‐regulated ≥50% by Ni(II) versus non‐Ni(II) controls, whereas some genes like IL8 were up‐regulated significantly by Ni(II). Expression of seven NFκB‐related genes was up‐regulated by Ni(II) by ≥50%, and HMOX1 expression, a redox protein regulated by NRF2, was increased by >500%. The current results suggest that Ni(II) has diverse effects on inflammatory gene expression, which may partly account for previous reports of Ni(II)‐induced changes in inflammatory cytokine secretion from monocytes and alterations in NFκB regulation. Further work is needed to verify these effects in primary cells and to ascertain how Ni(II) alters gene expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 902–908, 2013.