bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Signals in the Mid- to High-Latitude North Atlantic from Altimeter Observations
Authors: Li Feili , Jo Young-Heon , Yan Xiao-Hai , Liu W. Timothy 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The variability of the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the mid- to high-latitude North Atlantic for the period of 1993–2010 was investigated using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition to identify the dominant time scales. Sea level variations in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) are dominated by the annual cycle and the long-term increasing trend. In comparison, the SSHA along the Gulf Stream (GS) is dominated by variability at intraseasonal and annual time scales. Moreover, the sea level rise in the SPG developed at a reduced rate in the 2000s compared to rates in the 1990s, which was accompanied by a rebound in SSHA variability following a period of lower variability in the system. These changes in both apparent trend and low-frequency SSHA oscillations reveal the importance of low-frequency variability in the SPG. To identify the possible contributing factors for these changes, the heat content balance (equivalent variations in the sea level) in the subpolar region was examined. The results indicate that horizontal circulations may primarily contribute to the interannual to decadal variations, while the air–sea heat flux is not negligible at annual time scale. Furthermore, the low-frequency variability in the SPG relates to the propagation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations from the deep-water formation region to midlatitudes in the North Atlantic, which might have the implications for recent global surface warming hiatus.
Improvement of ENSO Simulation Based on Intermodel Diversity
Authors: Ham Yoo-Geun , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this study, a new methodology is developed to improve the climate simulation of state-of-the-art coupled global climate models (GCMs), by a postprocessing based on the intermodel diversity. Based on the close connection between the interannual variability and climatological states, the distinctive relation between the intermodel diversity of the interannual variability and that of the basic state is found. Based on this relation, the simulated interannual variabilities can be improved, by correcting their climatological bias. To test this methodology, the dominant intermodel difference in precipitation responses during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated, and its relationship with climatological state. It is found that the dominant intermodel diversity of the ENSO precipitation in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is associated with the zonal shift of the positive precipitation center during El Niño. This dominant intermodel difference is significantly correlated with the basic states. The models with wetter (dryer) climatology than the climatology of the multimodel ensemble (MME) over the central Pacific tend to shift positive ENSO precipitation anomalies to the east (west). Based on the model’s systematic errors in atmospheric ENSO response and bias, the models with better climatological state tend to simulate more realistic atmospheric ENSO responses.
Therefore, the statistical method to correct the ENSO response mostly improves the ENSO response. After the statistical correction, simulating quality of the MME ENSO precipitation is distinctively improved. These results provide a possibility that the present methodology can be also applied to improving climate projection and seasonal climate prediction.
A New Look at the Summer Arctic Frontal Zone
Authors: Crawford Alex , Serreze Mark 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A notable characteristic of the summertime Arctic is the existence of a narrow band of strong horizontal temperature gradients spanning the coastlines of Siberia, Alaska, and western Canada that extends through a considerable depth of the troposphere. Past research has associated this summer Arctic Frontal Zone (AFZ) with contrasts in atmospheric heating between the Arctic Ocean and snow-free land, with its regional strength strongly influenced by topography; however, little is known about its variability. In this study, output from the latest generation of global atmospheric reanalyses is used to better constrain and define the summer AFZ, including its spatial and seasonal characteristics. The relative importance of different factors linked to its variability is then evaluated. The AFZ is best expressed in July and is manifested aloft as a separate Arctic jet feature at about 250 hPa. It is clearly associated with differential atmospheric heating, as evidenced by the sharp difference in surface energy balance terms between the Arctic Ocean and land. Furthermore, the AFZ is strongest over the coastline whether observed near the surface or throughout the troposphere. Interannual variations in peak strength of the AFZ are spatially heterogeneous and systematic near the surface (the 2-m level). Spatiotemporal variability is primarily dependent on factors affecting temperature over land, especially variability in cloud cover, surface wind direction, and the timing of the annual snow cover retreat. Local variability in the timing of annual sea ice retreat is also important through its control on temperatures over coastal seas.
Internal-Tide Spectroscopy and Prediction in the Timor Sea
Authors: Kelly Samuel M. , Jones Nicole L. , Ivey Gregory N. , Lowe Ryan J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpectral analyses of two 3.5-yr mooring records from the Timor Sea quantified the coherence of mode-0 (surface) and mode-1 (internal) tides with the astronomical tidal potential. The noncoherent tides had well-defined variance and were most accurately quantified for tidal species (as opposed to constituents) in long records (>6 months). On the continental slope (465 m), the semidiurnal mode-0 and mode-1 velocity and mode-1 pressure variance were 95%, 68%, and 56% coherent, respectively. On the continental shelf (145 m), the semidiurnal mode-0 and mode-1 velocity and mode-1 pressure variance were 98%, 34%, and 42% coherent, respectively. The response method produced time series of the semidiurnal coherent and noncoherent tides. The spectra and decorrelation time scales of the semidiurnal tidal amplitudes were similar to those of the barotropic mean flow and mode-1 eigenspeed (~4 days), suggesting local mesoscale variability shapes noncoherent tidal variability. Over long time scales (>30 days), mode-1 sea surface displacement amplitudes were positively correlated with mode-1 eigenspeed on the shelf. At both moorings, internal tides were likely modulated during both generation and propagation. Self-prediction using the response method enabled about 75% of semidiurnal mode-1 sea surface displacement to be predicted 2.5 days in advance. Improved prediction models will require realistic tide–topography coupling and background variability with both short and long time scales.
Predicting Tidal Heights for New Locations Using 25 h of in situ Sea Level Observations plus Reference Site Records: A Complete Tidal Species Modulation with Tidal Constant Corrections
Authors: Byun Do-Seong , Hart Deirdre E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA hybrid technique for predicting tides for new locations, based on as little as 25 h of concurrent temporary and reference site sea level observations, plus up to a year of reference records, is evaluated using 2-yr South Korean and New Zealand case studies. Comparisons are made between the existing prediction methods of conventional standard harmonic analysis and prediction (CSHAP) and tidal species modulation with tidal constant corrections (TSM+TCC). Building on these approaches, a new procedure is developed to produce a complete tidal species modulation (CTSM) equivalent of CSHAP, with the added inclusion of nodal factors and angles, astronomical arguments, and tidal species tidal constant correction terms (+TCC), to generate results for temporary sites. The CTSM+TCC approach described here overcomes the record length limitations of traditional standard harmonic-based prediction methods, making the technique more useful to diverse coastal and hydrographic researchers.The CTSM+TCC method is refined using yearlong input and comparative data from contrasting hydrographic settings, revealing spring periods, specific months, and conditions devoid of nontidal residual extremes (e.g., storms) as the most appropriate sample periods for collecting temporary site data in order to maximize prediction accuracy. CTSM+TCC represents a viable alternative to tidal prediction methods using multiconstituent inferences, for those wishing to make predictions for new sites based on established conventional tidal prediction software, with the added benefits of efficient input data collection and no need for a decision process regarding multiconstituent inference calculations. CTSM+TCC could, without compromising accuracy, support the spatial and temporal proliferation of tidal predictions across coastal oceans, where fieldwork funds and instruments currently hinder predictions for new locations.
How much do you need: a randomised experiment of whether readers can understand the key messages from summaries of Cochrane Reviews without reading the full review
Authors: Maguire Lisa K , Clarke Mike 
Published: October 2014

Objective We explored whether readers can understand key messages without having to read the full review, and if there were differences in understanding between various types of summary. Design A randomised experiment of review summaries which compared understanding of a key outcome. Participants Members of university staff ( n = 36). Setting Universities on the island of Ireland. Method The Cochrane Review chosen examines the health impacts of the use of electric fans during heat waves. Participants were asked their expectation of the effect these would have on mortality. They were then randomly assigned a summary of the review (i.e. abstract, plain language summary, podcast or podcast transcription) and asked to spend a short time reading/listening to the summary. After this they were again asked about the effects of electric fans on mortality and to indicate if they would want to read the full Review. Main outcome measure Correct identification of a key review outcome. Results Just over half (53%) of the participants identified its key message on mortality after engaging with their summary. The figures were 33% for the abstract group, 50% for both the plain language and transcript groups and 78% for the podcast group. Conclusions The differences between the groups were not statistically significant but suggest that the audio summary might improve knowledge transfer compared to written summaries. These findings should be explored further using a larger sample size and with other reviews.
Designing a new scoring system (QualyP Score) correlating the management of cardiopulmonary bypass to postoperative outcomes
Authors: Rubino AS , Torrisi S , Milazzo I , Fattouch K , Busà R , Mariani C , D’Aleo S , Giammona D , Sferrazzo C , Mignosa C 
Published: October 2014

Aim: The aim of this study was to ascertain if a score, directly derived from CPB records, could correlate to major postoperative outcomes. Methods: An additive score (QualyP Score) was created from 10 parameters: peak lactate value during CPB, peak VCO2i, lowest DO2i/VCO2i, peak respiratory quotient, CPB time, cross-clamp time, lowest CPB temperature, circulatory arrest, ultrafiltration during CPB, number of packed red cells transfused intraoperatively. The PerfSCORE was calculated, as well. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to detect the independent predictors of: peak lactate >3 mmol/L during the first three postoperative days; the incidence of acute kidney injury network (AKIN) 1-2-3; respiratory insufficiency; mortality. Results: The mean score was 4.8±2.6 (0-10). A QualyP Score ≥1 was predictive of postoperative acidosis (OR=1.595). A score ≥2 was predictive of AKIN 2 (OR=1.268) and respiratory insufficiency (OR=1.526). A score ≥5 was predictive of AKIN 3 (OR=1.848) and mortality (OR=1.497). Conclusions: QualyP Score may help to provide a quality marker of perfusion, emphasizing the need for goal-directed perfusion strategies.
Decreased placental miR-126 expression and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with pre-eclampsia
Authors: Hong Fanzhen , Li Yuyang , Xu Yongping 
Published: October 2014

Objectives To detect microRNA (miR)-126 expression and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia compared with those from normotensive pregnancies. Methods miR-126 expression, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels, in placentas collected sequentially from patients with pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancies were measured using real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The relationship between miR-126 and VEGF expression was analysed statistically. The regulatory effect of miR-126 on VEGF expression in human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells in vitro was also investigated. Results miR-126 expression was decreased, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower, in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia ( n = 115) compared with placentas from normotensive pregnancies ( n = 115). A positive correlation was found between VEGF mRNA and miR-126 expression ( r = 0.79). In addition, miR-126 overexpression significantly upregulated VEGF expression in BeWo cells, whereas miR-126 downregulation decreased VEGF expression. Conclusions miR-126 was downregulated in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia and this correlated with decreased VEGF expression. These findings indicate that miRNA-126 may be involved in pre-eclampsia pathogenesis and could be a potential biomarker for this disease.
Suture Placement Near the Musculotendinous Junction in the Supraspinatus
Authors: Kullar Raj S. , Reagan Jeffrey M. , Kolz Christopher W. , Burks Robert T. , Henninger Heath B. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repair has an increased incidence of medial rotator cuff failure compared with single-row repair. No studies have evaluated the influence of the proximity of the suture row to the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) on cyclic gapping and failure properties. Hypothesis: A single row of horizontal mattress sutures placed within the supraspinatus tendon lateral to the MTJ will experience less gap formation and higher failure loads than a similar suture row placed at the MTJ. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Paired supraspinatus tendons were isolated from human cadaveric specimens and resected at the tendon insertion to the humerus. Randomized within a pair, a single row of 4 horizontal mattress sutures was placed either in the tendon 5 mm lateral to the MTJ or at the MTJ. The tied sutures secured the tendon to a fixture that ensured consistent placement of the suture row in the tendon and static fixation of the row. The muscle belly was gripped in a cryoclamp, and a servohydraulic materials testing machine was used to provide uniaxial tensile deformation for 500 cycles at 1 Hz, followed by load to failure at 1 mm/s. Fiducial markers with video tracking were used to quantify gap formation at the suture line, while the materials testing machine recorded loading for the cyclic and failure tests. Results: During cyclic loading, both constructs experienced gross initial gap formation, followed by progressive gap formation that plateaued after cycle 200. The MTJ specimens had significantly higher mean cumulative gapping than the tendon specimens: 3.6 ± 1.0 mm versus 2.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively ( P = .012). The tendon specimens had significantly higher mean loads to failure than did the MTJ specimens: 567.1 ± 121.8 N versus 434.2 ± 148.1 N, respectively ( P = .013). The mean failure displacement did not differ between groups for the tendon and MTJ: 5.7 ± 2.5 mm versus 4.5 ± 2.0 mm, respectively ( P = .144). Conclusion: A horizontal suture row placed at the MTJ has inferior mechanical properties (increased gapping, decreased load support) as compared with a suture row placed 5 mm laterally within the tendon. Clinical Relevance: The integrity of rotator cuff repair may be compromised if sutures are placed too close to the MTJ.
Feline dental radiography and radiology
Authors: Niemiec Brook A 
Published: October 2014

Practical relevance: Information crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of feline oral diseases can be ascertained using dental radiography and the inclusion of this technology has been shown to be the best way to improve a dental practice. Becoming familar with the techniques required for dental radiology and radiography can, therefore, be greatly beneficial. Clinical challenges: Novices to dental radiography may need some time to adjust and become comfortable with the techniques. If using dental radiographic film, the generally recommended ‘E’ or ‘F’ speeds may be frustrating at first, due to their more specific exposure and image development requirements. Although interpreting dental radiographs is similar to interpreting a standard bony radiograph, there are pathologic states that are unique to the oral cavity and several normal anatomic structures that may mimic pathologic changes. Determining which teeth have been imaged also requires a firm knowledge of oral anatomy as well as the architecture of dental films/digital systems. Evidence base: This article draws on a range of dental radiography and radiology resources, and the benefit of the author’s own experience, to review the basics of taking and interpreting intraoral dental radiographs. A simplified method for positioning the tubehead is explained and classic examples of some common oral pathologies are provided.
Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats
Authors: Soukup Jason W , Snyder Christopher J 
Published: October 2014

Practical relevance: Maxillofacial and traumatic dentoalveolar injuries can cause pain and inflammation, and reduce function of the mouth, impacting a cat’s quality of life. Many traumatically induced feline fractures have been reported to involve the mandible or skull and, in cats with maxillofacial trauma, traumatic dentoalveolar injuries are particularly prevalent. Traumatic dentoalveolar injuries can also often be found in otherwise healthy cats. Clinical challenges: Some traumatic dentoalveolar injuries require emergency treatment; timely recognition and managment is therefore important for achieving the optimal outcome. Multiple approaches exist for the management and repair of maxillofacial traumatic injuries. However, those for traumatic dentoalveolar injuries may be more limited. Audience: This review is aimed at feline and general practitioners, as well as veterinarians with expertise in dentistry. Evidence base: The authors draw on their clinical experience and evidence from the literature, where appropriate, to produce an overview of foundation guidelines. It is hoped that this will serve as a stimulus for deeper consideration as to what constitutes ‘best practice’ principles for cats with traumatic dentoalveolar and maxillofacial injuries.
Heparin-independent, PF4-dependent binding of HIT antibodies to platelets: implications for HIT pathogenesis
Authors: Padmanabhan Anand , Jones Curtis G. , Bougie Daniel W. , Curtis Brian R. , McFarland Janice G. , Wang Demin , Aster Richard H. 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsPlatelet-activating, but not nonactivating, human HIT antibodies bind to and activate PF4-treated platelets. Activating antibodies may recognize subtle conformational changes induced in PF4 by chondroitin-4-sulfate, the major platelet glycosaminoglycan.
CDK6 as a key regulator of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cell activation
Authors: Scheicher Ruth , Hoelbl-Kovacic Andrea , Bellutti Florian , Tigan Anca-Sarmiza , Prchal-Murphy Michaela , Heller Gerwin , Schneckenleithner Christine , Salazar-Roa María , Zöchbauer-Müller Sabine , Zuber Johannes , Malumbres Marcos , Kollmann Karoline , Sexl Veronika 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
CDK6 acts as a transcriptional regulator to suppress Egr1 in HSCs and LSCs, allowing their activation. Cdk6 −/− HSCs fail to contribute to repopulation in competitive transplants, and BCR-ABLp210+Cdk6−/− LSCs fail to inflict disease.
Three-step method for systematic lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer surgery using the ‘curettage and aspiration dissection technique’ with Peng’s multifunctional operative dissector
Authors: Wu Wenguang , Dong Ping , Wu Xiangsong , Li Maolan , Ding Qichen , Zhang Lin , Yang Jiahua , Weng Hao , Ding Qian , Tan Zhujun , Lu Jianhua , Gu Jun , Liu Yingbin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgery is the most effective and successful method of treatment for gastric cancer, and systematic lymph node (LN) dissection is unquestionably the most effective procedure for treating LN metastases of gastric cancer. Systematic lymphadenectomy is the most important part of curative resection, but lymphadenectomy is also the most difficult procedure in gastric cancer surgery. The aim of this study is to report our three-step method for lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer.

Methods
In this study, the lymph node stations and groups were defined according to the 13th edition of the Japanese Classification for Gastric Carcinoma. The authors’ novel, simplified method consists of three steps: (1) the Kocher maneuver and dissection of the greater omentum together with the anterior sheet of the mesocolon, (2) dissection of the lesser omentum, and (3) lymphadenectomy following the main vessels. We primarily used Peng’s multifunctional operative dissector, which combines four different functions (cutting, separating, aspirating and coagulating). Our systematic lymphadenectomy included three steps, and the main procedure started from right to left and in the caudal to cranial direction.

Results
A total of 830 consecutive patients underwent our three-step-method systematic lymphadenectomy in advanced gastric cancer surgery. The mean operation time was 146 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 248 ml. The median postoperative hospital stay was 10.9 ± 4.8 days. The median number of examined LN was 31.6 (range 17 to 72) per patient, and the median number of metastatic LN was 5.6 (range 0 to 42) per patient. The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 10.6%, and the rate of hospital death was 0.9%. The overall three-year survival rate was 52.6%.

Conclusions
Our three-step method for lymphadenectomy is easy to perform and is a useful procedure for gastric cancer surgery.