bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Coming Out Proud to reduce stigma's impact among people with mental illness: pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rüsch Nicolas , Abbruzzese Elvira , Hagedorn Eva , Hartenhauer Daniel , Kaufmann Ilias , Curschellas Jan , Ventling Stephanie , Zuaboni Gianfranco , Bridler René , Olschewski Manfred , Kawohl Wolfram , Rössler Wulf , Kleim Birgit , Corrigan Patrick W. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundFacing frequent stigma and discrimination, many people with mental illness have to choose between secrecy and disclosure in different settings. Coming Out Proud (COP), a 3-week peer-led group intervention, offers support in this domain in order to reduce stigma's negative impact.AimsTo examine COP's efficacy to reduce negative stigma-related outcomes and to promote adaptive coping styles (Current Controlled Trials number: ISRCTN43516734).MethodIn a pilot randomised controlled trial, 100 participants with mental illness were assigned to COP or a treatment-as-usual control condition. Outcomes included self-stigma, empowerment, stigma stress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure.ResultsIntention-to-treat analyses found no effect of COP on self-stigma or empowerment, but positive effects on stigma stress, disclosure-related distress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure. Some effects diminished during the 3-week follow-up period.ConclusionsComing Out Proud has immediate positive effects on disclosure- and stigma stress-related variables and may thus alleviate stigma's negative impact.
Prolactin/Stat5 and Androgen R1881 Coactivate Carboxypeptidase-D Gene in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Koirala Samir , Thomas Lynn N. , Too Catherine K. L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Plasma membrane-bound carboxypeptidase-D (CPD) cleaves C-terminal arginine from extracellular substrates. In the cell, arginine is converted to nitric oxide (NO). We have reported that up-regulation of CPD mRNA/protein levels by 17β-estradiol and prolactin (PRL) in breast cancer cells, and by testosterone in prostate cancer cells, increased NO production and cell survival. The CPD promoter contains a consensus γ-interferon-activated sequence (GAS) and 3 putative androgen response elements (ARE.1, ARE.2, ARE.3) that could potentially bind PRL-activated transcription factor Stat5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) and the liganded androgen receptor (AR), respectively. This study showed that synthetic androgen R1881 and PRL elevated CPD mRNA/protein levels in human MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells in a time-/dose-dependent manner. PRL/R1881-elevated CPD expression was blocked by actinomycin-D, and a CPD promoter construct containing these GAS and AREs was stimulated by PRL or R1881, indicating transcriptional regulation by both hormones. Luciferase reporter assays showed that GAS and the adjacent ARE.1 only were active. Mutation of GAS in the ΔGAS-CPD construct (ARE.1 intact) abolished CPD promoter activity in response to PRL and, surprisingly, to R1881 as well. ΔGAS-CPD promoter activity was restored by PRL+R1881 in combination, and enhanced by ectopic Stat5, but abolished by Stat5 gene knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed binding of activated Stat5 and liganded AR to GAS and ARE.1, respectively. Activated Stat5 also induced binding of unliganded AR to ARE.1, and liganded AR induced binding of unactivated Stat5 to GAS. In summary, PRL and R1881, acting through Stat5 and AR, act cooperatively to stimulate CPD gene transcription in breast cancer cells.
Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble and Thermally Stable Poly(ether–imide–urea)s
Authors: Toiserkani Hojjat 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Two series of new modified poly(ether–imide–urea)s, POa–POc and PSa–PSc, with benzoxazole or benzothiazole pendent groups were successfully synthesized by diphenyl azidophosphate (DPAP)-activated one-pot polyaddition reaction of two bis(imide–dicarboxylic acid)s, 2-[3,5-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)phenyl]benzoxazole (1O) or 2-[3,5-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)phenyl]benzothiazole (1S) with various kinds of aromatic diamines a–c. In this direct method, the polymers were prepared by polyaddition reactions of the in situ-formed diisocyanate with the aromatic diamines. For comparative purposes, reference poly(ether–imide–urea)s, PRa–PRc, were also prepared by reacting a bis(imide–dicarboxylic acid) lacking pendent groups, namely, 3,5-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)benzene (2) with the same diamines under similar conditions. Characterization of polymers was accomplished by inherent viscosity measurements, FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities between 0.19 and 0.37 dL g−1. The solubilities of modified poly(ether–imide–urea)s in common organic solvents as well as their thermal stability were enhanced compared to these of the corresponding unmodified poly(ether–imide–urea)s. The glass-transition temperature, 10% weight loss temperature, and char yields at 800 °C were, respectively, 7–28, 14–38 °C, and 3–7% higher than those of the reference polymers in nitrogen atmosphere.
Changes in State Prescription Contraceptive Mandates For Insurers: The Effect on Women's Contraceptive Use
Authors: Atkins Danielle N. , Bradford W. David 
Published: January 2014

CONTEXTAccess to effective contraceptives is critical to reducing levels of unintended childbearing in the United States. Since 1998, more than half the states have passed legislation requiring insurers that cover prescription drugs to cover prescription contraceptives approved by the Food and Drug Administration. An assessment of the impact of these laws on women's contraceptive use is needed to determine whether such policies are effective.METHODSInformation was collected on state contraceptive coverage policies, and contraceptive use data among women at risk of unintended pregnancy were drawn from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys conducted between 1998 and 2010. Logit regression analysis was used to calculate the marginal effects of state contraceptive coverage laws on insured and uninsured women's use of prescription methods.RESULTSInsured women who lived in a state with a contraceptive coverage law were 5% more likely than their counterparts in states without such laws to use an effective method (i.e., a prescription method, condoms or sterilization). Among women who used such methods, those in contraceptive coverage states were 5% more likely than women in other states to use any prescription method, and 4% more likely to use the pill. No associations were found between contraceptive mandates and method use by uninsured women. Among both users and nonusers, contraceptive coverage was associated with a 5% increase in pill use.CONCLUSIONSContraceptive coverage mandates appear to play a role in increasing the use of prescription contraceptives among insured women, and hence may help to reduce the numbers of unintended pregnancies.
Effect of potassium, boron and strontium on winter wheat
Authors: Kádár Imre 
Published: January 2014

Mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon, az MTA ATK TAKI Nagyhörcsöki Kísérleti Telepén (Mezoföldön) vizsgáltuk a K, B és Sr elemek közötti kölcsönhatásokat oszi búzában. Az alaptrágyázás általában 100–100 kg N és P2O5·ha−1·év−1 volt, amelyet 25%-os pétisó és szuperfoszfát formájában adtunk ki. A K-szinteket megismételt 0, 1000, 2000 kg K2O-, a B-szinteket megismételt 0, 20, 40, 60 kg B-, a Sr-szinteket 67 kg Sr hektáronkénti adaggal állítottuk be. Mutrágyaként 60%-os KCl-ot, 11%-os bóraxot és 33%-os SrCl2·6H2O sót alkalmaztunk. Foparcellánként 3 K-kezelés, alparcellánként 4 B-kezelés, al-alparcellánként 2 Sr-kezelés szolgált, 24 kezeléssel×3 ismétlésben = 72 parcellával, osztott parcellás elrendezésben.A kísérlet beállításakor (1987 oszén) a szántott réteg 5% CaCO3-ot, 3% humuszt, 20% agyagot tartalmazott. A pH(H2O) 7,8; a pH(KCl) 7,3; az AL-oldható K2O és P2O5 180–200 és 100–120, a KCl-oldható Mg 110–150, a KCl+EDTA-oldható Mn 60–80, a Cu és Zn 1–2, valamint a B 0,7 mg·kg−1 értékkel volt jellemezheto. A termohely kielégíto K-, Ca- és Mg-; közepes N- és P-; valamint gyenge Zn- és Cu-ellátottságú. A talajvíz szintje 13–15 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny. Az átlagos középhomérséklet 11°C, az éves csapadékösszeg 400–600 mm közötti, egyenetlen eloszlással.A fobb megállapítások, levonható tanulságok:Ezen a káliummal és bórral egyaránt kielégítoen ellátott mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon trágyahatások a termésben nem jelentkeztek. Az elovetemény cirok kiszárította a talajt, a búza 9 hónapos tenyészideje alatt mindössze 234 mm csapadékot kapott. Ebben a száraz évben 3,0 t·ha-1 szalma- és 3,5 t·ha−1 szemtömeg képzodött átlagosan.A szalma és szem B-tartalmát a B- és K-trágyázás egyaránt közel a kétszeresére emelte, így a kontrollon mért B-tartalmak átlagosan a négyszeresére nottek. A Ktrágyázás ezen túlmenoen nagyobb K-, illetve mérsékeltebb Mg-tartalmakat eredményezett a szalmában. A Sr-trágyázással enyhén nott a szalma Sr-, illetve mérséklodött Na-tartalma.A kicsi szalmatermés és az extrém nagy K-kínálat nyomán a szalma 4,22% K-tartalmat halmozott fel. Az 1 t szemtermés és a hozzátartozó melléktermés ún. fajlagos/egységnyi K-tartalma és Mg-tartalma több mint kétszeresen haladta meg a szokásosat, ezért félrevezeto lehet a szaktanácsadás számára.A felvett K 90%-át, illetve a Sr 98%-át a melléktermés szalma halmozta fel.
Cartilage: Biomimetic Study of the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Anyaeji Chinedu I. , Basser Peter J. , Horkay Ferenc 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTCartilage is a complex biological tissue that exhibits gel-like behavior. Its primary biological function is providing compressive resistance to external loading and nearly frictionless lubrication of joints. In this study, we model cartilage extracellular matrix using a biomimetic system. We demonstrate that poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are robust biomaterials exhibiting mechanical and swelling properties similar to that of cartilage extracellular matrix. A comparison is made between the macroscopic behavior of PVA gels and literature data reported for cartilage.
Geometry-based, n-type-enhanced p-type polymer/metal oxide nanocomposites for high-efficiency, high-specificity conductive systems
Authors: Raccis Riccardo , Wortmann Laura , Ilyas Shaista , Schläfer Johannes , Mettenbörger Andreas , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTHematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were diffused of two different shapes (spherical and cubical) in PEDOT:PSS matrices below the percolation threshold. Increases in conductivity within a distinct range in concentration were observed in the dark and under simulated solar illumination. The effect was ascribed to a generalized Poole-Frenkel effect in conjunction with basic properties of heterojunctions and electrostatic dipoles, and verified through data fitting. A difference in behaviour between sphere- and cube-based nanocomposites was also observed.
Previous Exposure to HCV Among Persons Born During 1945–1965: Prevalence and Predictors, United States, 1999–2008
Authors: Smith Bryce D. , Beckett Geoff A. , Yartel Anthony , Holtzman Deborah , Patel Nita , Ward John W. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We examined HCV exposure prevalence and predictors among persons in the United States born during 1945–1965. Methods. With data from the 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we calculated the proportion of persons born during 1945–1965 who tested positive for HCV antibody (anti-HCV) and analyzed the prevalence by sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors. Results. Anti-HCV prevalence in the 1945–1965 birth cohort was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8%, 3.8%), substantially higher than among other adults (0.9%). Within the cohort, anti-HCV prevalence was higher among non-Hispanic Blacks (6.4%; 95% CI = 5.3%, 7.7%), persons with injection drug use histories (56.8%; 95% CI = 48.4%, 64.8%), and persons with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (12.7%; 95% CI = 10.7%, 15.1%). Injection drug use (adjusted odds ratio = 98.4; 95% CI = 58.8, 164.5) was the strongest anti-HCV prevalence predictor. Among anti-HCV–positive persons, 57.8% reported having 2 or more alcoholic drinks daily. Conclusions. With the high prevalence of HCV among persons born during 1945–1965, the increasing morbidity and mortality associated with HCV, and reductions in liver cancer and HCV-related mortality when HCV is eradicated, it is critically important to identify persons with HCV and link them to appropriate care.
Preparedness for Natural Disasters Among Older US Adults: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Al-rousan Tala M. , Rubenstein Linda M. , Wallace Robert B. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We sought to determine natural disaster preparedness levels among older US adults and assess factors that may adversely affect health and safety during such incidents. Methods. We sampled adults aged 50 years or older (n = 1304) from the 2010 interview survey of the Health and Retirement Study. The survey gathered data on general demographic characteristics, disability status or functional limitations, and preparedness-related factors and behaviors. We calculated a general disaster preparedness score by using individual indicators to assess overall preparedness. Results. Participant (n = 1304) mean age was 70 years (SD = 9.3). Only 34.3% reported participating in an educational program or reading materials about disaster preparation. Nearly 15% reported using electrically powered medical devices that might be at risk in a power outage. The preparedness score indicated that increasing age, physical disability, and lower educational attainment and income were independently and significantly associated with worse overall preparedness. Conclusions. Despite both greater vulnerability to disasters and continuous growth in the number of older US adults, many of the substantial problems discovered are remediable and require attention in the clinical, public health, and emergency management sectors of society.
Impact of Alabama’s Immigration Law on Access to Health Care Among Latina Immigrants and Children: Implications for National Reform
Authors: White Kari , Yeager Valerie A. , Menachemi Nir , Scarinci Isabel C. 
Published: January 2014

We conducted in-depth interviews in May to July 2012 to evaluate the effect of Alabama’s 2011 omnibus immigration law on Latina immigrants and their US- and foreign-born children’s access to and use of health services. The predominant effect of the law on access was a reduction in service availability. Affordability and acceptability of care were adversely affected because of economic insecurity and women’s increased sense of discrimination. Nonpregnant women and foreign-born children experienced the greatest barriers, but pregnant women and mothers of US-born children also had concerns about accessing care. The implications of restricting access to health services and the potential impact this has on public health should be considered in local and national immigration reform discussions.
“A Breath of Fresh Air Worth Spreading”: Media Coverage of Retailer Abandonment of Tobacco Sales
Authors: McDaniel Patricia A. , Offen Naphtali , Yerger Valerie B. , Malone Ruth E. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. Media play an important role in the diffusion of innovations by spreading knowledge of their relative advantages. We examined media coverage of retailers abandoning tobacco sales to explore whether this innovation might be further diffused by media accounts. Methods. We searched online media databases (Lexis Nexis, Proquest, and Access World News) for articles published from 1995 to 2011, coding retrieved items through a collaborative process. We analyzed the volume, type, provenance, prominence, and content of coverage. Results. We found 429 local and national news items. Two retailers who were the first in their category to end tobacco sales received the most coverage and the majority of prominent coverage. News items cited positive potential impacts of the decision more often than negative potential impacts, and frequently referred to tobacco-caused disease, death, or addiction. Letters to the editor and editorials were overwhelmingly supportive. Conclusions. The content of media coverage about retailers ending tobacco sales could facilitate broader diffusion of this policy innovation, contributing to the denormalization of tobacco and moving society closer to ending the tobacco epidemic. Media advocacy could increase and enhance such coverage.
Determinants of Receipt of Recommended Preventive Services: Implications for the Affordable Care Act
Authors: McMorrow Stacey , Kenney Genevieve M. , Goin Dana 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We examined preventive care use by nonelderly adults (aged 18–64 years) before the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and considered the contributions of insurance coverage and other factors to service use patterns. Methods. We used data from the 2005–2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to measure the receipt of 8 recommended preventive services. We examined gaps in receipt of services for adults with incomes below 400% of the federal poverty level compared with higher incomes. We then used a regression-based decomposition analysis to consider factors that explain the gaps in service use by income. Results. There were large income-related disparities in preventive care receipt for nonelderly adults. Differences in insurance coverage explain 25% to 40% of the disparities in preventive service use by income, but education, age, and health status are also important drivers. Conclusions. Expanding coverage to lower-income adults through the ACA is expected to increase their preventive care use. However, the importance of education, age, and health status in explaining income-related gaps in service use indicates that the ACA cannot address all barriers to preventive care and additional interventions may be necessary.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Death in Asian Americans
Authors: Park Yikyung , Wang Sophia , Kitahara Cari M. , Moore Steven C. , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Bernstein Leslie , Chang Ellen T. , Flint Alan J. , Freedman D. Michal , Gaziano J. Michael , Hoover Robert N. , Linet Martha S. , Purdue Mark , Robien Kim , Schairer Catherine , Sesso Howard D. , White Emily , Willcox Bradley J. , Thun Michael J. , Hartge Patricia , Willett Walter C. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality among Asian Americans. Methods. We pooled data from prospective cohort studies with 20 672 Asian American adults with no baseline cancer or heart disease history. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with Cox proportional hazards models. Results. A high, but not low, BMI was associated with increased risk of total mortality among individuals aged 35 to 69 years. The BMI was not related to total mortality among individuals aged 70 years and older. With a BMI 22.5 to < 25 as the reference category among never-smokers aged 35 to 69 years, the hazard ratios for total mortality were 0.83 (95% CI = 0.47, 1.47) for BMI 15 to < 18.5; 0.91 (95% CI = 0.62, 1.32) for BMI 18.5 to < 20; 1.08 (95% CI = 0.86, 1.36) for BMI 20 to < 22.5; 1.14 (95% CI = 0.90, 1.44) for BMI 25 to < 27.5; 1.13 (95% CI = 0.79, 1.62) for BMI 27.5 to < 30; 1.82 (95% CI = 1.25, 2.64) for BMI 30 to < 35; and 2.09 (95% CI = 1.06, 4.11) for BMI 35 to 50. Higher BMI was also related to increased cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality. Conclusions. High BMI is associated with increased mortality risk among Asian Americans.
Early Effects of the San Francisco Paid Sick Leave Policy
Authors: Colla Carrie H. , Dow William H. , Dube Arindrajit , Lovell Vicky 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We examined employers’ responses to San Francisco, California’s 2007 Paid Sick Leave Ordinance. Methods. We used the 2009 Bay Area Employer Health Benefits Survey to describe sick leave policy changes and the policy’s effects on firm (n = 699) operations. Results. The proportion of firms offering paid sick leave in San Francisco grew from 73% in 2006 to 91% in 2009, with large firms (99%) more likely to offer sick leave than are small firms (86%) in 2009. Most firms (57%) did not make any changes to their sick leave policy, although 17% made a major change to sick leave policy to comply with the law. Firms beginning to offer sick leave reported reductions in other benefits (39%), worse profitability (32%), and increases in prices (18%) but better employee morale (17%) and high support for the policy (71%). Many employers (58%) reported some difficulty understanding legal requirements, complying administratively, or reassigning work responsibilities. Conclusions. There was a substantial increase in paid sick leave coverage after the mandate. Employers reported some difficulties in complying with the law but supported the policy overall.
Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of an HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk-Reduction Intervention for South African Men
Authors: Jemmott John B. , Jemmott Loretta S. , O’Leary Ann , Ngwane Zolani , Icard Larry D. , Heeren G. Anita , Mtose Xoliswa , Carty Craig 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We tested the efficacy of a sexual risk-reduction intervention for men in South Africa, where heterosexual exposure is the main mode of HIV transmission. Methods. Matched-pairs of neighborhoods in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, were randomly selected and within pairs randomized to 1 of 2 interventions based on social cognitive theory and qualitative research: HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk-reduction, targeting condom use, or attention-matched control, targeting health issues unrelated to sexual risks. Sexually active men aged 18 to 45 years were eligible. The primary outcome was consistent condom use in the past 3 months. Results. Of 1181 participants, 1106 (93.6%) completed the 12-month follow-up. HIV and STI risk-reduction participants had higher odds of reporting consistent condom use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.71) and condom use at last vaginal intercourse (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.82) than did attention-control participants, adjusting for baseline prevalence. No differences were observed on unprotected intercourse or multiple partnerships. Findings did not differ for sex with steady as opposed to casual partners. Conclusions. Behavioral interventions specifically targeting men can contribute to efforts to reduce sexual risk behaviors in South Africa.
Global Childhood Unintentional Injury Study: Multisite Surveillance Data
Authors: He Siran , Lunnen Jeffrey C. , Puvanachandra Prasanthi , Amar-Singh  , Zia Nukhba , Hyder Adnan A. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives. We aimed to analyze the epidemiology of childhood unintentional injuries presenting to hospitals in 5 select sites in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, Malaysia, and Pakistan). Methods. We collected standardized data from children ages 0 to 12 years at participating emergency departments (EDs) in 2007. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the characteristics of these injuries and to explore the determinants of injury outcomes. Results. Among 2686 injured children, falls (50.4%) and road traffic injuries (16.4%) were the most common, affecting boys more often (64.7%). Home injuries were more common among younger children (average 5.41 vs 7.06 years) and girls (38.2% vs 31.7%). Following an ED visit, 24% of injured children were admitted to the hospital, and 6 died. Injury outcomes were associated with risk factors, such as age and sex, to varying extents. Conclusions. Standardized ED surveillance revealed unintentional injuries are a threat to child health. The majority of events took place inside the home, challenging traditional concepts of children’s safety and underscoring the need for intensified context-appropriate injury prevention.