bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical phenotypes and short-term outcomes based on prehospital point-of-care testing and on-scene vital signs
Authors: López-Izquierdo Raúl , del Pozo Vegas Carlos , Sanz-García Ancor , Mayo Íscar Agustín , Castro Villamor Miguel A. , Silva Alvarado Eduardo , Gracia Villar Santos , Dzul López Luis Alonso , Aparicio Obregón Silvia , Calderon Iglesias Rubén , Soriano Joan B. , Martín-Rodríguez Francisco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Emergency medical services (EMSs) face critical situations that require patient risk classification based on analytical and vital signs. We aimed to establish clustering-derived phenotypes based on prehospital analytical and vital signs that allow risk stratification. This was a prospective, multicenter, EMS-delivered, ambulance-based cohort study considering six advanced life support units, 38 basic life support units, and four tertiary hospitals in Spain. Adults with unselected acute diseases managed by the EMS and evacuated with discharge priority to emergency departments were considered between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2023. Prehospital point-of-care testing and on-scene vital signs were used for the unsupervised machine learning method (clustering) to determine the phenotypes. Then phenotypes were compared with the primary outcome (cumulative mortality (all-cause) at 2, 7, and 30 days). A total of 7909 patients were included. The median (IQR) age was 64 (51–80) years, 41% were women, and 26% were living in rural areas. Three clusters were identified: alpha 16.2% (1281 patients), beta 28.8% (2279), and gamma 55% (4349). The mortality rates for alpha, beta and gamma at 2 days were 18.6%, 4.1%, and 0.8%, respectively; at 7 days, were 24.7%, 6.2%, and 1.7%; and at 30 days, were 33%, 10.2%, and 3.2%, respectively. Based on standard vital signs and blood test biomarkers in the prehospital scenario, three clusters were identified: alpha (high-risk), beta and gamma (medium- and low-risk, respectively). This permits the EMS system to quickly identify patients who are potentially compromised and to proactively implement the necessary interventions.
Diverting organic waste from landfills via insect biomanufacturing using engineered black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Tepper Kate , Edwards Owain , Sunna Anwar , Paulsen Ian T. , Maselko Maciej 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA major roadblock towards the realisation of a circular economy are the lack of high-value products that can be generated from waste. Black soldier flies (BSF; Hermetia illucens) are gaining traction for their ability to rapidly consume large quantities of organic wastes. However, these are primarily used to produce a small variety of products, such as animal feed ingredients and fertiliser. Using synthetic biology, BSF could be developed into a novel sustainable biomanufacturing platform to valorise a broader variety of organic waste feedstocks into enhanced animal feeds, a large variety of high-value biomolecules including industrial enzymes and lipids, and improved fertiliser.
Nuclear factor interleukin 3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease development
Authors: Lin Yung-Ni , Hsu Jia-Rou , Wang Chih-Lin , Huang Yi-Chen , Wang Jzy-Yu , Wu Chun-Ying , Wu Li-Ling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates sex-specific effects in a gain-of-function model to evaluate Nfil3 function in relation to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and gut microbiota (GM)-induced alterations in the bile acid (BA) profile. MASLD is induced in both wild type and Nfil3-deficient (NKO) C57BL/6 J mice through an HFD. The hepatic immune response is evaluated using flow cytometry, revealing that NKO mice exhibit lower body weight, serum triglyceride (TG) levels, tissue injury, inflammation, and fat accumulation. The Nfil3 deletion reduces macrophage counts in fibrotic liver tissues, decreases proinflammatory gene and protein expression, and diminishes gut barrier function. Alpha and beta diversity analysis reveal increased GM alpha diversity across different sexes. The Nfil3 gene deletion modifies the BA profile, suggesting that negative feedback through the Nfil3-FXR-FGF15 axis facilitates BA recycling from the liver via enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, inhibiting Nfil3 in the liver offers a viable treatment approach for MASLD.
Evolutionary paths toward multi-level convergence of lactic acid bacteria in fructose-rich environments
Authors: Konno Naoki , Maeno Shintaro , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Arita Masanori , Endo Akihito , Iwasaki Wataru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConvergence provides clues to unveil the non-random nature of evolution. Intermediate paths toward convergence inform us of the stochasticity and the constraint of evolutionary processes. Although previous studies have suggested that substantial constraints exist in microevolutionary paths, it remains unclear whether macroevolutionary convergence follows stochastic or constrained paths. Here, we performed comparative genomics for hundreds of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species, including clades showing a convergent gene repertoire and sharing fructose-rich habitats. By adopting phylogenetic comparative methods we showed that the genomic convergence of distinct fructophilic LAB (FLAB) lineages was caused by parallel losses of more than a hundred orthologs and the gene losses followed significantly similar orders. Our results further suggested that the loss of adhE, a key gene for phenotypic convergence to FLAB, follows a specific evolutionary path of domain architecture decay and amino acid substitutions in multiple LAB lineages sharing fructose-rich habitats. These findings unveiled the constrained evolutionary paths toward the convergence of free-living bacterial clades at the genomic and molecular levels.
Addressing the sustainable urbanism paradox: tipping points for the operational reconciliation of dense and green morphologies
Authors: Boutreux T. , Bourgeois M. , Bellec A. , Commeaux F. , Kaufmann B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo improve biodiversity and human living conditions in the Anthropocene, urban forms must reconcile density with vegetation to meet the dual sustainability-liveability challenge. This paradox poses a dilemma for urban planners and is a critical research issue requiring comprehensive analyses. Multi-family residential housing holds the potential to achieve balanced density-greening, proximity ecosystem services and human-nature connectedness, but meeting such objectives relies on finding balanced morphologies and metrics at an operational scale. Analysing 11,593 plots in the Lyon metropolitan area (France) using a systemic approach, we identified critical tipping points in morphology and greening. Density explained only 6% of Plot Greening, while morphology and landscaping accounted for 94%. We identified an open-space ratio (unbuilt area/floor area) >0.3 as a morphological threshold to achieve sustainable green supply. Operational morphologies balancing density and greening were modelled and illustrated across building heights, providing guidelines for emerging regulatory tools in sustainable urban planning.
The distribution and drivers of tree cover in savannas and forests across India
Authors: Gopalakrishna Trisha , Rifai Sami W. , Ratnam Jayashree , Oliveras Menor Imma , Stevens Nicola , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe distribution of forest and savanna biomes and the role of resources (climate and soil) and disturbances (fire and herbivory) in determining tree-grass dynamics remains elusive and variable across geographies. This is especially problematic in Indian savannas which have been historically misclassified as degraded forests and are targeted for tree-planting. Here, we examine biome distribution and determinants through the lens of tree cover across India. Our analyses reveal four distinct zones of differing tree cover, with intermediate zones containing savanna vegetation. Rainfall seasonality determines maximum possible tree cover non-linearly. Once rainfall seasonality is factored out, soil sand fraction and topography partially explain residual variation of tree cover. High domestic livestock herbivory and other anthropogenic pressures reduce tree cover. Lastly, lack of detectable fires precludes robust conclusions about the relationship between fire and tree cover. By considering these environmental drivers in restoration planning, we can improve upon simplistic tree planting initiatives that may be detrimental to Indian savannas.
High-ambition climate action in all sectors can achieve a 65% greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the United States by 2035
Authors: Zhao Alicia , O’Keefe Kowan T. V. , Binsted Matthew , McJeon Haewon , Bryant Adriana , Squire Claire , Zhang Mengqi , Smith Steven J. , Cui Ryna , Ou Yang , Iyer Gokul , Kennedy Shannon , Hultman Nate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnder the next cycle of target setting under the Paris Agreement, countries will be updating and submitting new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) over the coming year. To this end, there is a growing need for the United States to assess potential pathways toward a new, maximally ambitious 2035 NDC. In this study, we use an integrated assessment model with state-level detail to model existing policies from both federal and non-federal actors, including the Inflation Reduction Act, Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and key state policies, across all sectors and gases. Additionally, we develop a high-ambition scenario, which includes new and enhanced policies from these actors. We find that existing policies can reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 44% (with a range of 37% to 52%) by 2035, relative to 2005 levels. The high-ambition scenario can deliver net GHG reductions up to 65% (with a range of 59% to 71%) by 2035 under accelerated implementation of federal regulations and investments, as well as state policies such as renewable portfolio standards, EV sales targets, and zero-emission appliance standards. This level of reductions would provide a basis for continued progress toward the country’s 2050 net-zero emissions goal.
Holistic analysis of a gliding arc discharge using 3D tomography and single-shot fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Nilsson Sebastian , Sanned David , Roth Adrian , Sun Jinguo , Berrocal Edouard , Richter Mattias , Ehn Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGliding arc plasmas, a versatile form of non-thermal plasma discharges, hold great promise for sustainable chemical conversion in electrified industrial applications. Their relatively high temperatures compared to other non-thermal plasmas, reactive species generation, and efficient energy transfer make them ideal for an energy-efficient society. However, plasma discharges are transient and complex 3D entities influenced by gas pressure, mixture, and power, posing challenges for in-situ measurements of chemical species and spatial dynamics. Here we demonstrate a combination of innovative approaches, providing a comprehensive view of discharges and their chemical surroundings by combining fluorescence lifetime imaging of hydroxyl (OH) radicals with optical emission 3D tomography. This reveals variations in OH radical distributions under different conditions and local variations in fluorescence quantum yield with high spatial resolution from a single laser shot. Our results and methodology offer a multidimensional platform for interdisciplinary research in plasma physics and chemistry.
Smartphone-based markers of social connectivity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Valeri Linda , Cai Xiaoxuan , Rahimi Eichi Habiballah , Liebenthal Einat , Rauch Scott L. , Ongur Dost , Schutt Russell , Dixon Lisa , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Baker Justin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSocial isolation and social impairment are hallmarks of progression as well as predictors of relapse in psychiatric disorders. We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of sensing the social activity phenotype and loneliness using active and passive markers collected using a smartphone application. The study included 9 schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients followed in the Bipolar Longitudinal study for at least 1 month and for whom mobile communication data was collected using the Beiwe smartphone application. Subjects completed daily surveys on digital and in-person social activity, and feelings of being outgoing or lonely. We described the level and variability of social activity features. We employed k-means clustering to identify “important contacts”. Further, we investigated whether social network-derived features of mobile communication are independent predictors of weekly counts of outgoing calls and text, weekly average self-reported digital social activity, and loneliness using mixed effect models and clustering with dynamic time warping distance. Subjects were followed between 5 and 208 weeks (number of days of observation = 2538). The k-means cluster analysis approach identified the number of “important contacts” among close friends and family members as reported in clinical interviews. The cluster analysis and longitudinal regression analysis indicate that the number of individuals a person communicates with on their phone is an independent predictor of perceived loneliness, with stronger evidence when “important contacts” only are included. This study provides preliminary evidence that the number of “important contacts” a person communicates with on their phone is a promising marker to capture subjects’ engagement in mobile communication activity and perceived loneliness.
Rapid on-site amplification and visual detection of misfolded proteins via microfluidic quaking-induced conversion (Micro-QuIC)
Authors: Lee Dong Jun , Christenson Peter R. , Rowden Gage , Lindquist Nathan C. , Larsen Peter A. , Oh Sang-Hyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProtein misfolding diseases, such as prion diseases, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s, share a common molecular mechanism involving the misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins. There is an urgent need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies that can accurately detect these misfolded proteins, facilitating early diagnosis and intervention. Here, we introduce the microfluidic quaking-induced conversion (Micro-QuIC), a novel acoustofluidic platform for the rapid and sensitive detection of protein misfolding diseases. We demonstrate the utility of our technology using chronic wasting disease (CWD) as a model system, since samples from wild white-tailed deer are readily accessible, and CWD shares similarities with human protein misfolding diseases. Acoustofluidic mixing enables homogeneous mixing of reagents in a high-Reynolds-number regime, significantly accelerating the turnaround time for CWD diagnosis. Our Micro-QuIC assay amplifies prions significantly faster than the current gold standard, real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Furthermore, we integrated Micro-QuIC with a gold nanoparticle-based, naked-eye detection method, which enables visual discrimination between CWD-positive and CWD-negative samples without the need for a bulky fluorescence detection module. This integration creates a rapid, POC testing platform capable of detecting misfolded proteins associated with a variety of protein misfolding diseases.
Boosting immunity: synergistic antiviral effects of luteolin, vitamin C, magnesium and zinc against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro
Authors: Ferreira Juliana C. , Fadl Samar , Cardoso Thyago H.S. , Andrade Bruno Silva , Melo Tarcisio S. , Silva Edson Mario de Andrade , Agarwal Anupriya , Turville Stuart J. , Saksena Nitin K. , Rabeh Wael M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in 2019 and has disseminated throughout the globe to pandemic levels, imposing significant health and economic burdens. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed, their long-term efficacy and specificity have not been determined, and antiviral drugs remain necessary. Flavonoids, which are commonly found in plants, fruits, and vegetables and are part of the human diet, have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their antiviral and antimicrobial activities and effects on other biological activities, such as inflammation. The present study uses a combination of biochemical, cellular, molecular dynamics, and molecular docking experiments to provide compelling evidence that the flavonoid luteolin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one) has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) that is synergistically enhanced by magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C. The IC50 of luteolin against 2 µM 3CLpro is 78 µM and decreases 10-fold to 7.6 µM in the presence of zinc, magnesium, and vitamin C. Thermodynamic stability analyses revealed that luteolin has minimal effects on the structure of 3CLpro, whereas metal ions and vitamin C significantly alter the thermodynamic stability of the protease. Interactome analysis uncovered potential host-virus interactions and functional clusters associated with luteolin activity, supporting the relevance of this flavone for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on luteolin's therapeutic potential and provides insights into its mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2. The novel formulation of luteolin, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C may be an effective avenue for treating COVID-19 patients.
Exploring the fusion of lattice‐based quantum key distribution for secure Internet of Things communications
Authors: Biswas Sujit , Goswami Rajat S. , Hemant Kumar Reddy K. , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Ahmed Mohammed Altaf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe integration of lattice‐based cryptography principles with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols is explored to enhance security in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems. With the advent of quantum computing, traditional cryptographic methods are increasingly susceptible to attacks, necessitating the development of quantum‐resistant approaches. By leveraging the inherent resilience of lattice‐based cryptography, a synergistic fusion with QKD is proposed to establish secure and robust communication channels among IoT devices. Through comprehensive Qiskit simulations and theoretical analysis, the feasibility, security guarantees, and performance implications of this novel hybrid approach are thoroughly investigated. The findings not only demonstrate the efficacy of lattice‐based QKD in mitigating quantum threats, but also highlight its potential to fortify IoT communications against emerging security challenges. Moreover, the authors provide valuable insights into the practical implementation considerations and scalability aspects of this fusion approach. This research contributes to advancing the understanding of quantum‐resistant cryptography for IoT applications and paves the way for further exploration and development in this critical domain.
Particle-in-cell simulations of pulsar magnetospheres: Transition between electrosphere and force-free regimes
Authors: Cruz F. , Grismayer T. , Torres R. , Chen A. Y. , Spitkovsky A. , Fonseca R. A. , Silva L. O. 
Published: July 2024

Aims. Global particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of pulsar magnetospheres are performed with volume-, surface-, and pair-production-based plasma injection schemes to systematically investigate the transition between electrosphere and force-free pulsar magnetospheric regimes.
Methods. We present a new extension of the PIC code OSIRIS that can be used to model pulsar magnetospheres with a two-dimensional axisymmetric spherical grid. The subalgorithms of the code and thorough benchmarks are presented in detail, including a new first-order current deposition scheme that conserves charge to machine precision.
Results. We show that all plasma injection schemes produce a range of magnetospheric regimes. Active solutions can be obtained with surface and volume injection schemes when using artificially large plasma-injection rates, and with pair-production-based plasma injection for sufficiently large separation between kinematic and pair-production energy scales.
Sufficiency of near-surface water ice as a driver of dust activity on comets
Authors: Skorov Yu. V. , Mokhtari O. , Macher W. , Reshetnyk V. , Markkanen J. , Zhao Y. , Thomas N. , Küppers M. , Hartogh P. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Nearly all contemporary theoretical research on cometary dust activity relies on models depicting heat transfer and sublimation products within the near-surface porous layer. Gas flow exerts a pressure drag to the crust agglomerates, counteracting weak gravity and the tensile strength of that layer. Our interpretation of data from the Rosetta mission, and our broader comprehension of cometary activity, hinges significantly on the study of this process.
Aims. We investigate the role played by the structure of the near-surface porous layer and its associated resistance to gas flow, tensile strength, pressure distribution, and other characteristics in the scenario of the potential release of dust agglomerates and the resulting dust activity.
Methods. We employ a thermophysical model that factors in the microstructure of this layer and radiative heat conductivity. We consider gas flow in both the Knudsen and transition regimes. To accomplish this, we use methods such as test-particles Monte Carlo, direct-simulation Monte Carlo, and transmission probability. Our study encompasses a broad spectrum of dust-particle sizes.
Results. We evaluated the permeability of a dust layer composed of porous aggregates in the submillimetre and millimetre ranges. We carried out comparisons among various models that describe gas diffusion in a porous dust layer. For both the transition and Knudsen regimes, we obtained pressure profiles within a non-isothermal layer. We discuss how the gaps in our understanding of the structure and composition could impact tensile strength estimates. We demonstrate that for particles in the millimetre range, the lifting force of the sublimation products of water ice is adequate to remove the layer. This scenario remains feasible even for particles on the scale of hundreds of microns. This finding is crucial as the sublimation of water ice continues to be the most probable mechanism for dust removal.
Conclusions. This study partially overturns the previously held, pessimistic view regarding the possibility of dust removal via water sublimation. We demonstrate that a more precise consideration of various physical processes allows elevation of the matter of dust activity to a practical plane, necessitating a fresh quantitative analysis.
Shuntrevision mit nur partieller Freilegung der Shuntvene
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit eingeschränkter Freilegung der Shuntvene nur im Bereich der Hinterwand kann bei geeigneter Anatomie nach einer operativen Revision sofort wieder normal wie bisher über die Vorderwand für die Dialyse punktiert werden und so ein überbrückender Katheter oder eine 2-zeitige chirurgische Vorgehensweise vermieden werden.
Nierenbeteiligung bei thrombotischer Mikroangiopathie
Authors: Seelow Evelyn 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Begriff thrombotische Mikroangiopathie (TMA) fasst eine Gruppe von Krankheiten zusammen, bei denen sich durch unterschiedliche Mechanismen Mikrothromben im Kapillarbett und in den kleinen Gefäßen bilden. Diese lösen eine mechanische Hämolyse mit Anämie und (Verbrauchs-)Thrombopenie aus. Die Mikrozirkulation wird beeinträchtigt und es kommt zu einer Ischämie mit Funktionsstörung der betroffenen Organe, inklusive der Niere. Das zentrale Nervensystem, Herz, Lunge und Gastrointestinaltrakt können ebenso beteiligt sein. Die häufigste TMA im Kindesalter ist das Shiga-Toxin assoziierte hämolytisch-urämische Syndrom (STEC-HUS). Das atypische hämolytisch-urämische Syndrom (aHUS) und die thrombotisch-thrombozytopenische Purpura (TTP) sind in dieser Altersgruppe wesentlich seltener. Bei Erwachsenen treten mit zunehmendem Alter überwiegend sekundäre TMA-Formen auf.