bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue is Associated with Insulin Sensitivity and Serum Lipid Levels Independent of Obesity
Authors: Ahlin S. , Sjöholm K. , Jacobson P. , Andersson‐Assarsson J.C. , Walley A. , Tordjman J. , Poitou C. , Prifti E. , Jansson P.‐A. , Borén J. , Sjöström L. , Froguel P. , Bergman R.N. , Carlsson L.M.S. , Olsson B. , Svensson P.‐A. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: Obesity is linked to both increased metabolic disturbances and increased adipose tissue macrophage infiltration. However, whether macrophage infiltration directly influences human metabolism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate if there are obesity‐independent links between adipose tissue macrophages and metabolic disturbances.Design and Methods: Expression of macrophage markers in adipose tissue was analyzed by DNA microarrays in the SOS Sib Pair study and in patients with type 2 diabetes and a BMI‐matched healthy control group.Results: The expression of macrophage markers in adipose tissue was increased in obesity and associated with several metabolic and anthropometric measurements. After adjustment for BMI, the expression remained associated with insulin sensitivity, serum levels of insulin, C‐peptide, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐cholesterol) and triglycerides. In addition, the expression of most macrophage markers was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our study shows that infiltration of macrophages in human adipose tissue, estimated by the expression of macrophage markers, is increased in subjects with obesity and diabetes and associated with insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels independent of BMI. This indicates that adipose tissue macrophages may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
Association between obesity‐related gene FTO and ADHD
Authors: Choudhry Zia , Sengupta Sarojini M. , Grizenko Natalie , Thakur Geeta A. , Fortier Marie‐Eve , Schmitz Norbert , Joober Ridha 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an etiologically complex heterogeneous behavioral disorder. Several studies have reported that ADHD subjects are more likely to be overweight/obese and that this comorbidity may be due to shared genetic factors. The objective of this study is to explore the association between ADHD and FTO, a gene strongly associated with obesity in genome‐wide studies.Design and MethodsOne tag SNP (single‐nucleotide polymorphism, rs8050136, risk allele A) in the FTO gene was selected and its association with ADHD was tested. Family‐based association tests (FBATs) were conducted with the categorical diagnosis of ADHD as well as behavioral and cognitive phenotypes related to ADHD. Furthermore, stratified FBAT analyses based on maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) status were conducted.ResultsStatistically significant associations were observed between rs8050136 and several of the traits tested in the total sample. These associations were stronger when the analysis was restricted to children who were not exposed to MSDP.ConclusionsThese exploratory results suggest the involvement of the FTO SNP rs8050136 in modulating the risk for ADHD, particularly in those children who were not exposed to MSDP. If confirmed, they may explain, at least in part, the complex links between obesity and ADHD.
Modeling metabolic syndrome through structural equations of metabolic traits, comorbid diseases, and GWAS variants
Authors: Karns Rebekah , Succop Paul , Zhang Ge , Sun Guangyun , Indugula Subba R. , Havas‐Augustin Dubravka , Novokmet Natalija , Durakovic Zijad , Milanovic Sanja Music , Missoni Sasa , Vuletic Silvije , Chakraborty Ranajit , Rudan Pavao , Deka Ranjan 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo provide a quantitative map of relationships between metabolic traits, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) variants, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and metabolic diseases through factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM).Design and MethodsCross‐sectional data were collected on 1,300 individuals from an eastern Adriatic Croatian island, including 14 anthropometric and biochemical traits, and diagnoses of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, gout, kidney disease, and stroke. MetS was defined based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Forty widely replicated GWAS variants were genotyped. Correlated quantitative traits were reduced through factor analysis; relationships between factors, genetic variants, MetS, and metabolic diseases were determined through SEM.ResultsMetS was associated with obesity (P< 0.0001), dyslipidemia (P< 0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c;P= 0.0013), hypertension (P< 0.0001), and hyperuricemia (P< 0.0001). Of metabolic diseases, MetS was associated with gout (P= 0.024), coronary heart disease was associated with HbA1c (P< 0.0001), and type 2 diabetes was associated with HbA1c (P< 0.0001) and obesity (P= 0.008). Eleven GWAS variants predicted metabolic variables, MetS, and metabolic diseases. Notably, rs7100623 in HHEX/IDE was associated with HbA1c (β= 0.03;P< 0.0001) and type 2 diabetes (β= 0.326;P= 0.0002), underscoring substantial impact on glucose control.ConclusionsAlthough MetS was associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose control, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, limited ability of MetS to indicate metabolic disease risk is suggested.
Changes in fat and skeletal muscle with exercise training in obese adolescents: Comparison of whole‐body MRI and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Lee SoJung , Kuk Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveWe examined skeletal muscle (SM) and fat distribution using whole‐body MRI in response to aerobic (AE) versus resistance exercise (RE) training in obese adolescents and whether DXA provides similar estimates of fat and SM change as MRI.Design and MethodsThirty‐nine obese boys (12‐18 years) were randomly assigned to one of three 3‐month interventions: AE (n = 14), RE (n = 14), or a control (n = 11).ResultsAt baseline, MRI‐measured total fat was significantly greater than DXA‐measured total fat [△ = 3.1 kg (95% CI: −0.4 to 7.4 kg, P < 0.05)], wherein underestimation by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was greatest in those with the highest total fat. Overall, the changes in total fat were not significantly different between MRI and DXA [△ = −0.4 kg (95% CI: −3.5 to 2.6 kg, P > 0.05)], but DXA tended to overestimate MRI fat losses in those with larger fat losses. MRI‐measured SM and DXA‐measured lean body mass were significantly correlated, but as expected the absolute values were different at baseline [△ = −28.4 kg (95% CI: −35.4 to −21.3 kg, P < 0.05)]. Further, DXA overestimated MRI gains in SM in those with larger SM gains.ConclusionsAlthough DXA and MRI‐measured total and regional measures tended to be correlated at baseline and changes with exercise, there were substantial differences in the absolute values derived using DXA versus MRI. Further, there were systemic biases in the estimation between the methods wherein DXA tended to overestimate fat losses and SM gains compared to MRI. Thus, the changes in body composition observed are influenced by the method employed.
Changes in adipose glucocorticoid metabolism before and after bariatric surgery assessed by direct hormone measurements
Authors: Methlie Paal , Dankel Simon , Myhra Tone , Christensen Bjørn , Gjerde Jennifer , Fadnes Dag , Våge Villy , Løvås Kristian , Mellgren Gunnar 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesIncreased intra‐adipose cortisol is thought to promote obesity, but few human studies have investigated intra‐adipose glucocorticoid hormones and none have demonstrated prospective changes with fat loss.Design and MethodsSubcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was obtained from obese subjects before and 1‐year after surgery‐induced fat loss, and from nonobese controls. In a second similar cohort of obese subjects, adipocytes and stromal‐vascular fraction were isolated. Intra‐adipose cortisol and cortisone levels were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and HSD11B1/HSD11B2 mRNA by qPCR.ResultsSAT cortisol/cortisone ratio before fat loss, median 4.8 (interquartile range, 4.1‐5.7), was higher than after fat loss, 1.9 (1.0‐2.7) (P = 0.001), and compared to nonobese controls, 3.2 (2.4‐3.9) (P = 0.005). Cortisone before fat loss, 2.3 (1.2‐2.9) nmol/kg, was lower than after fat loss, 5.8 (3.0‐10.2) nmol/kg (P = 0.042), and compared to controls, 5.1 (3.8‐6.7) nmol/kg (P = 0.013). HSD11B1 was predominantly expressed in mature adipocytes, whereas HSD11B2 was expressed at a higher level in stromal‐vascular fraction.ConclusionsThe intra‐adipose glucocorticoid metabolism was markedly altered in the extremely obese state with increased cortisol levels relative to cortisone, whereas fat loss restored this balance approximating nonobese subjects. Changes were more pronounced for cortisone than cortisol, suggesting an adaptive response to insufficient intra‐adipose cortisol levels in obesity.
Acylated ghrelin limits fat accumulation and improves redox state and inflammation markers in the liver of high‐fat‐fed rats
Authors: Barazzoni Rocco , Semolic Annamaria , Cattin Maria Rosa , Zanetti Michela , Guarnieri Gianfranco 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveObesity commonly causes hepatic lipid accumulation that may favor oxidative stress and inflammation with negative clinical impact. Acylated ghrelin (A‐Ghr) modulates body lipid distribution and metabolism, and it may exert antioxidant effects in vitro as well as systemic anti‐inflammatory effects in vivo. The impact of A‐Ghr on liver triglyceride content, redox state and inflammation markers in diet‐induced obesity was investigated.Design and MethodsA‐Ghr (200‐μg/injection: HFG) or saline (HF) were administered subcutaneously twice‐daily for 4 days to 12‐week‐old male rats fed a high‐fat diet for 1 month (n = 8–10/group).ResultsCompared to lean animals, liver triglyceride accumulation occurred in HF despite enhanced phosphorylation of the lipid oxidation regulator AMPK and preserved mitochondrial enzyme activities. High triglycerides were accompanied by pro‐oxidant changes in redox state and proinflammatory changes in NF‐kB and TNF‐alpha. A‐Ghr limited liver triglyceride excess (P < 0.05 HF > HFG > Control) with concomitant activation of glutathione peroxidase and normalized redox state and cytokines. A‐Ghr‐induced liver changes were associated with higher plasma adiponectin and lower circulating fatty acids (P < 0.05 HFG vs. HF).ConclusionsA‐Ghr limits liver triglyceride accumulation and normalizes tissue redox state and inflammation markers in diet‐induced obese rats. These results suggest a favorable impact of A‐Ghr on hepatic complications of diet‐induced obesity.
Variation at the melanocortin 4 receptor gene and response to weight‐loss interventions in the diabetes prevention program
Authors: Pan Qing , Delahanty Linda M. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Knowler William C. , Kahn Steven E. , Florez Jose C. , Franks Paul W. ,   Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo assess associations and genotype × treatment interactions for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) locus variants and obesity‐related traits.Design and MethodsDiabetes prevention program (DPP) participants (N = 3,819, of whom 3,356 were genotyped for baseline and 3,234 for longitudinal analyses) were randomized into intensive lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss), metformin or placebo control. Adiposity was assessed in a subgroup (n = 909) using computed tomography. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and treatment.ResultsThe rs1943218 minor allele was nominally associated with short‐term (6 month; P = 0.032) and long‐term (2 year; P = 0.038) weight change. Eight SNPs modified response to treatment on short‐term (rs17066856, rs9966412, rs17066859, rs8091237, rs17066866, rs7240064) or long‐term (rs12970134, rs17066866) reduction in body weight, or diabetes incidence (rs17066829) (all Pinteraction < 0.05).ConclusionThis is the first study to comprehensively assess the role of MC4R variants and weight regulation in a weight loss intervention trial. One MC4R variant was directly associated with obesity‐related traits or diabetes; numerous other variants appear to influence body weight and diabetes risk by modifying the protective effects of the DPP interventions.
On the use of gradual dense–sparse discretizations in receding horizon control
Authors: Robinson John W.C. , Ögren Petter 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYA key factor to success in implementations of real time optimal control, such as receding horizon control (RHC), is making efficient use of computational resources. The main trade‐off is then between efficiency and accuracy of each RHC iteration, and the resulting overall optimality properties of the concatenated iterations, that is, how closely this represents a solution to the underlying infinite time optimal control problem (OCP). Both these issues can be addressed by adapting the RHC solution strategy to the expected form of the solution. Using gradual dense–sparse (GDS) node distributions in direct transcription formulations of the finite time OCP solved in each RHC iteration is a way of adapting the node distribution of this OCP to the fact that it is actually part of an RHC scheme. We have previously argued that this is reasonable, because the near future plan must be implemented now, but the far future plan can and will be revised later. In this paper, we investigate RHC applications where the asymptotic qualitative behavior of the OCP solution can be analyzed in advance. For some classes of systems, explicit exponential convergence rates of the solutions can be computed. We establish such convergence rates for a class of control affine nonlinear systems with a locally quadratic cost and propose to use versions of GDS node distributions for such systems because they will (eventually) be better adapted to the form of the solution. The advantages of the GDS approach in such settings is illustrated with simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feedback controller design for linear and a class of nonlinear optimal control problems
Authors: Shirazian Mohammad , Effati Sohrab 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a feedback controller designing approach for a large class of finite‐time optimal control problems. This approach involves a piecewise truncated variational iteration method (PTVIM) for solving the nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. By using the finite iterations of PTVIM, an analytic approximate solution for value function and suboptimal feedback control law is obtained. Some illustrative examples are employed to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Worry about one's own children, psychological well‐being, and interest in psychosocial intervention
Authors: Stinesen‐Kollberg Karin , Thorsteinsdottir Thordis , Wilderäng Ulrica , Steineck Gunnar 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the association between worrying about own children and low psychological well‐being during the year that follows breast cancer.MethodsIn an observational population‐based study, we collected data from 313 women operated for breast cancer at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden.ResultsWorrying about one's own children (3–7 on a 1–7 visual digital scale) was, among other variables, significantly associated with low psychological well‐being 1 year after breast cancer surgery (relative risk 2.63; 95% CI 1.77–3.90; posterior probability value 98.8%).ConclusionsIn this group of women operated for breast cancer, we found an association between worrying about one's own children and low psychological well‐being. In a healthcare system where resources are scarce, it becomes imperative to identify to whom resources should be directed. Therefore, we may consider prioritizing psychological interventions for mothers with younger children and develop effective means to communicate about issues related to the children to increase chances of an effective, successful rehabilitation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust adaptive control for a class of cascaded nonlinear systems with applications to space interception
Authors: Zhang Feng , Duan Guang‐Ren , Zhou Bin 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a robust H ∞ ‐based adaptive backstepping control scheme for the output stabilization of a special class of cascaded nonlinear systems. This kind of systems possess the feature that the first sub‐equation is a linear perturbed system, whereas the rest ones perform a general semi‐strict feedback form. Different from the conventional backstepping design approach, the special cascaded structure ensures to introduce the H ∞  technique to the backstepping procedure such that both the robust performance and the robust stability can be simultaneously guaranteed. Within the Lyapunov framework, the proposed control scheme is proved to guarantee (i) the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the system signals with a bound that can be made arbitrarily small by suitably choosing control parameters; (ii) asymptotic output stabilization as long as the uncertain nonlinearities and external disturbances vanish; and (iii) ‐performance of the closed‐loop system. A space interception scenario is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hybrid architecture of wireless and power line communications in HANs for Smart Grid security
Authors: Li Zhuo , Liang Qilian , Mu Jiasong , Wang Wei , Zhang Baoju 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTraditionally, jamming to the wireless system is a fatal threat to the security of home area networks (HANs), which impedes the two‐way data transmission between electric devices and the smart meter, and thus deteriorates the reliability of the in‐home communication of Smart Grid. On the basis of this consideration, this paper incorporates the power line system into the HAN and proposes a hybrid architecture of orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing‐based wireless communication and power line communication for the Smart Grid security application. With this new solution, the channel diversity of the HAN is realized, and the communication reliability is still guaranteed even when the wireless channel suffers from jamming. Simulation results validate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid architecture, and furthermore, as a receiver diversity scheme, selection combining is preferred to maximum ratio combining. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Widely Tunable Carrier Mobility of Boron Nitride‐Embedded Graphene
Authors: Wang Jinying , Zhao Ruiqi , Liu Zhongfan , Liu Zhirong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe carrier transport in boron nitride‐embedded graphene (BNG) is studied using density functional theory coupled with the Boltzmann transport equation. Under a phonon scattering mechanism, the intrinsic carrier mobility of BNG at room temperature is tunable from 1.7 × 103 to 1.1 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 when the bandgap is between 0.38 and 1.39 eV. Some specific BNG materials even show ultrahigh mobility up to 6.6 × 106 cm2 V−1 s−1, and the transport polarity (whether it is electron or hole transport) can be tailored by the application of a uniaxial strain. The wide mobility variation of BNG is attributed to the dependence of the effective mass and the deformation potential constant on the carbon concentration and width. The results indicate that BNG can have both a large on–off ratio and high carrier mobility and is thus a promising material for electronic devices.
Photo‐induced Free Radical Modification of Graphene
Authors: Zhang Liming , Zhou Lin , Yang Mingmei , Liu Zhirong , Xie Qin , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGraphene has stimulated enormous interest due to its intriguing structure and fascinating properties. The extremely high carrier mobility, mechanical flexibility, and optical transparency as well as the versatility for band structure engineering make graphene a promising candidate for next‐generation carbon‐based electronic devices. Graphene chemistry, the covalent functionalization of graphene as a 2D giant molecule, offers a promising direction to controllably tailor its properties through the introduction of various chemical decorations. One of the great challenges for graphene functionalization originates from its strong chemical stability, thus highly reactive chemical species are needed as the reactants. In recent years, novel photochemical approaches have been developed to achieve efficient graphene modification and bandgap modulation, following a general concept of “Photochemical Bandgap Engineering of Graphene”. In this article, such kinds of photochemical graphene engineering are demonstrated, together with a brief discussion on the future directions, challenges, and opportunities in this fascinating research area.
Biosynthesis and pathway engineering of antifungal polyene macrolides in actinomycetes
Authors: Kong Dekun , Lee Mi-Jin , Lin Shuangjun , Kim Eung-Soo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Polyene macrolides are a large family of natural products typically produced by soil actinomycetes. Polyene macrolides are usually biosynthesized by modular and large type I polyketide synthases (PKSs), followed by several steps of sequential post-PKS modifications such as region-specific oxidations and glycosylations. Although known as powerful antibiotics containing potent antifungal activities (along with additional activities against parasites, enveloped viruses and prion diseases), their high toxicity toward mammalian cells and poor distribution in tissues have led to the continuous identification and structural modification of polyene macrolides to expand their general uses. Advances in in-depth investigations of the biosynthetic mechanism of polyene macrolides and the genetic manipulations of the polyene biosynthetic pathways provide great opportunities to generate new analogues. Recently, a novel class of polyene antibiotics was discovered (a disaccharide-containing NPP) that displays better pharmacological properties such as improved water-solubility and reduced hemolysis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the biosynthesis, pathway engineering, and regulation of polyene antibiotics in actinomycetes.
Non‐methylene Interrupted and Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Polar Lipids of the Alga Grateloupia turuturu Over the Four Seasons
Authors: Kendel Melha , Barnathan Gilles , Fleurence Joël , Rabesaotra Vony , Wielgosz‐Collin Gaëtane 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhospholipids (PL) and glycolipids (GL) FA in the edible Rhodophyta Grateloupia turuturu, from Brittany, France, were investigated over four seasons. The major lipid class was GL in all seasons (around 45 %). More than 80 FA occurred in polar lipids, with chains from C12 to C26, identified as methyl esters and N‐acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). PUFA occurred at up to 47.1 % (summer) in PL, and up to 43.6 % (summer) in GL. The major PUFA were 20:5n‐3 (12.2 % in PL and 29.0 % in GL) and 20:4n‐6 (25.6 % in PL and 10.4 % in GL). The unusual 18:3n‐7 acid was identified in PL up to 2.2 %. Several minor unsaturated FA were identified in PL and are previously unreported in seaweeds, namely 14‐tricosenoic, 15‐tetracosenoic, 5,11‐octadecadienoic and 5,9‐nonadecadienoic. Also unprecedented in seaweeds, ten 2‐hydroxy and three 3‐hydroxy FA occurred mainly in PL, 13.9 % in spring with the 3‐hydroxyhexadecanoic acid as the major one (8.1 % winter). Three n‐9 monounsaturated 2‐hydroxy FA occurred in PL. The 2‐hydroxy‐15‐tetracosenoic acid was characterized as the dimethyl disulfide adduct of its methyl ester. The 2‐hydroxy‐16‐pentacosenoic and 2‐hydroxy‐17‐hexacosenoic acids were identified by comparison of mass spectra and GC mobilities with those of the 2‐hydroxy‐15‐tetracosenoic acid, and of other homogeneous FA series. These rare n‐9 monounsaturated 2‐hydroxy FA are unprecedented in seaweeds.