bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhabitants of avian skin with special reference to ectoparasitic infestations and diseases of poultry skin
Authors: Titchener R. N. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisEctoparasites of poultry in the United Kingdom are reviewed. Mention is made of poultry ectoparasites occurring in other parts of the world and of some ectoparasites of British birds. In south west Scotland ectoparasite infestations appear to have decreased following the intensification of the poultry industry. Occasional outbreaks of Dermanyssus gallinae, the red mite and Ceratophyllus gallinae, the hen flea have occurred in modern poultry units. Cases of louse infestation with Menacanthus stramineus have also been observed from farmyard chickens and bantams. The damage caused by ectoparasites and their role in disease transmission is discussed.Skin diseases of poultry caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses are reviewed. Skin conditions not induced by trauma are extremely rare in south west Scotland. Traumatic induced skin diseases still occur in modern poultry units and are associated with fighting or the use of poor materials in the structure of the house. Cases of staphylococcal wound infection and staphylococcal arthritis have been observed in poultry units where poor quality wire netting or hard spiky litter have been used as floor materials. Mention is also made of two pigeon diseases, pigeon pox and canker.
The biology of the external surfaces of helminth parasites
Authors: Chappell L. H. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisThe biological properties of the surface of helminth parasites are examined under three headings, morphology, digestive-absorptive function and defence. The concept of the host-parasite interface is explored.Platyhelminth parasites are covered by a syncytial tegument with sunken parenchymal cell bodies. The surface is either microvillous or deeply folded, presenting a large surface area relative to volume. The acanthocephalan surface is structurally unique, possessing a branching pore-canal system. The majority of nematodes are surrounded by a thick cuticle composed of distinct layers; exceptions include the entomophilic nematodes.The absorptive properties of the surface of helminth parasites are discussed and the published data on transtegumental transport of nutrient molecules examined. Most nematodes are impermeable to small molecules, but all other helminths utilise surface transport mechanisms. Cestodes and acanthocephalans lack a gut and the tegument becomes the major site of nutrient uptake.Surface-bound enzymes have been described in several helminths and indicate the possible extent of surface digestion by parasites. Binding of host digestive enzymes to the helminth surface may also serve a protective as well as nutritional function.Surface defence mechanisms are described whereby physiological interactions between host and parasite at the helminth surface effect evasion of the host's defences. The essence of these mechanisms is surface disguise.
Limnology and macrophytic vegetation of Loch Obisary, a deep brackish lake in the Outer Hebrides
Authors: Spence D. H. N. , Barclay A. M. , Bodkin P. C. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisLoch Obisary has a narrow sea inlet to a north basin which is 45 m deep, stratified in summer and winter and joined by shallow channels to an unstratifled south basin.Mean conductivity (25°C) and sodium measurements indicate that in summer and winter the north basin epilimnion and the south basin comprises about 50%, and the north basin hypolimnion about 80%, sea water. It is calculated that 56% of high tides enter the loch.Vertical diffuse attenuation coefficients for blue, green and red light are the same in epilimnion and south basin, the blue coefficient being slightly higher than the red in July and much higher in January. In July the blue coefficient in the hypolimnion is lower that the red, as in clear coastal water.Six out of 24 macrophytes, and eight epiphytes, are confined within 200 m of the sea inlet. Distribution and depth limits of those and other species are discussed in relation to substrate, water chemistry and light. The presence of a halocline in the north basin and its absence from the south basin allow a comparison to be drawn between depth limits set by water chemistry (north basin), and those predicted on the basis of light (south basin) for Potamogeton pectinatus and Nitella opaca.
Plastic behaviors in hosts promote the emergence of retaliatory parasites
Authors: Abou Chakra Maria , Hilbe Christian , Traulsen Arne 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMafia like behavior, where individuals cooperate under the threat of punishment, occurs not only in humans, but is also observed in several animal species. Observations suggest that avian hosts tend to accept a certain degree of parasitism in order to avoid retaliating punishment from the brood parasite. To understand under which conditions it will be beneficial for a host to cooperate, we model the interaction between hosts and parasites as an evolutionary game. In our model, the host's behavior is plastic and thus, its response depends on the previous interactions with the parasite. We find that such learned behavior in turn is crucial for the evolution of retaliating parasites. The abundance of this kind of mafia behavior oscillates in time and does not settle to an equilibrium. Our results suggest that retaliation is a mechanism for the parasite to evade specialization and to induce acceptance by the host.
Southward spreading of the Fukushima-derived radiocesium across the Kuroshio Extension in the North Pacific
Authors: Kumamoto Yuichiro , Aoyama Michio , Hamajima Yasunori , Aono Tatsuo , Kouketsu Shinya , Murata Akihiko , Kawano Takeshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 released a large amount of radiocesium into the North Pacific Ocean. Vertical distributions of Fukushima-derived radiocesium were measured at stations along the 149°E meridian in the western North Pacific during the winter of 2012. In the subtropical region, to the south of the Kuroshio Extension, we found a subsurface radiocesium maximum at a depth of about 300 m. It is concluded that atmospheric-deposited radiocesium south of the Kuroshio Extension just after the accident had been transported not only eastward along with surface currents but also southward due to formation/subduction of subtropical mode waters within about 10 months after the accident. The total amount of decay-corrected 134Cs in the mode water was an estimated about 6 PBq corresponding to 10–60% of the total inventory of Fukushima-derived 134Cs in the North Pacific Ocean.
Glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase is essential for mammalian mitochondrial translation in vivo
Authors: Echevarría Lucía , Clemente Paula , Hernández-Sierra Rosana , Gallardo María Esther , Fernández-Moreno Miguel A. , Garesse Rafael 
Published: March 2014

Translational accuracy depends on the correct formation of aminoacyl-tRNAs, which, in the majority of cases, are produced by specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that ligate each amino acid to its cognate isoaceptor tRNA. Aminoacylation of tRNAGln, however, is performed by various mechanisms in different systems. Since no mitochondrial glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase has been identified to date in mammalian mitochondria, Gln-tRNAGln has to be formed by an indirect mechanism in the organelle. It has been demonstrated that human mitochondria contain a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and the heterotrimeric enzyme GatCAB (where Gat is glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase), which are able to catalyse the formation of Gln-tRNAGlnin vitro. In the present paper we demonstrate that mgatA (mouse GatA) interference in mouse cells produces a strong defect in mitochondrial translation without affecting the stability of the newly synthesized proteins. As a result, interfered cells present an impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation system and a significant increase in ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels. MS analysis of mitochondrial proteins revealed no glutamic acid found in the position of glutamines, strongly suggesting that misaminoacylated Glu-tRNAGln is rejected from the translational apparatus to maintain the fidelity of mitochondrial protein synthesis in mammals.
The Ang-(1–7)/Mas-1 axis attenuates the expression and signalling of TGF-β1 induced by AngII in mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Morales María Gabriela , Ábrigo Johanna , Meneses Carla , Simon Felipe , Cisternas Franco , Rivera Juan Carlos , Vazquez Yaneisi , Cabello-Verrugio Claudio 
Published: March 2014

AngII (angiotensin II) induces pathological conditions such as fibrosis in skeletal muscle. In this process, AngII increases ROS (reactive oxygen species) and induces a biphasic phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). In addition, AngII stimulates the expression and production of TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 via a mechanism dependent on ROS production mediated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and p38 MAPK activation. In the present study, we investigated whether Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)], through the Mas-1 receptor, can counteract the signalling induced by AngII in mouse skeletal muscle and cause a decrease in the expression and further activity of TGF-β1 in skeletal muscle cells. Our results show that Ang-(1–7) decreased the expression of TGF-β1 induced by AngII in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we observed that Ang-(1–7) prevented the increase in TGF-β1 expression induced by AngII, ROS production dependent on NOX and the early phase of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Interestingly, Ang-(1–7) also prevented the late phase of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, Smad-2 phosphorylation and Smad-4 nuclear translocation, an increase in transcriptional activity, as determined using the p3TP-lux reporter, and fibronectin levels, all of which are dependent on the TGF-β1 levels induced by AngII. We also demonstrated that Ang-(1–7) prevented the increase in TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen content in the diaphragm of mice infused with AngII. All of these effects were reversed by the administration of A779, indicating the participation of Mas-1. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that Ang-(1–7) decreases the expression and further biological activity of TGF-β1 induced by AngII in vitro and in vivo.
C1q as a unique player in angiogenesis with therapeutic implication in wound healing
Authors: Bossi Fleur , Tripodo Claudio , Rizzi Lucia , Bulla Roberta , Agostinis Chiara , Guarnotta Carla , Munaut Carine , Baldassarre Gustavo , Papa Giovanni , Zorzet Sonia , Ghebrehiwet Berhane , Ling Guang Sheng , Botto Marina , Tedesco Francesco 
Published: March 2014

SignificanceC1q is a well-known initiator of the complement classical pathway and interacts with several immune and nonimmune cells inducing complement activation-independent functions. Endothelial cells represent one of the potential targets of C1q that binds to cell surface-expressed receptors and stimulates inflammation. Here we report a unique and hitherto unrecognized function of C1q to promote angiogenesis acting through the globular heads. The angiogenic activity of C1q was supported by its ability to induce new vessel formation in in vitro and in vivo models of wound healing. These findings have important implications for the treatment of clinical diseases associated with impaired angiogenesis such as chronic skin ulcers in diabetic patients.
Marginal zone CD169+macrophages coordinate apoptotic cell-driven cellular recruitment and tolerance
Authors: Ravishankar Buvana , Shinde Rahul , Liu Haiyun , Chaudhary Kapil , Bradley Jillian , Lemos Henrique P. , Chandler Phillip , Tanaka Masato , Munn David H. , Mellor Andrew L. , McGaha Tracy L. 
Published: March 2014

SignificanceApoptotic cell-mediated suppression is critical to prevent inflammatory pathology and fatal autoimmunity. Integral to this process is early recognition by innate phagocytes driving downstream suppressive mechanisms. Though significant progress has been made identifying adaptive immune components involved in apoptotic cell-driven tolerance, early innate mechanisms involved in this process are relatively unknown. Here we report that apoptotic cell capture by CD169+macrophages promotes rapid expression of the chemokine CCL22, inducing migration and activation of FoxP3+Tregs and dendritic cells. Moreover, we found CCL22 function is required for generation of stable allograft tolerance and prevention of apoptotic cell-driven autoimmunity. Thus, our findings highlight a previously unknown mechanism whereby stromal macrophages coordinate early cellular interactions required for stable apoptotic cell-driven immune tolerance.
Hippocampal molecular mechanisms involved in the enhancement of fear extinction caused by exposure to novelty
Authors: de Carvalho Myskiw Jociane , Furini Cristiane Regina Guerino , Benetti Fernando , Izquierdo Ivan 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Within a restricted time window, a brief exposure to a novel environment enhances the extinction of contextual fear. This can be explained by a hippocampal process of behaviorally induced synaptic tagging and capture. Here, we report that the effect requires glutamate NMDA receptors and L-voltage–dependent calcium channels and involves the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, in addition to both ribosomal and nonribosomal protein synthesis. All these mechanisms operate only when the proteasomal-ubiquitin protein degradation system is intact, which suggests that they depend on synaptic protein turnover. Extinction enhancement by novelty is of great potential importance in the treatment of fear memories, such as those of posttraumatic stress disorder; the treatments of choice for such conditions are based on extinction procedures.
Whole-genome sequencing of cultivated and wild peppers provides insights into
Capsicum
domestication and specialization
Authors: Qin Cheng , Yu Changshui , Shen Yaou , Fang Xiaodong , Chen Lang , Min Jiumeng , Cheng Jiaowen , Zhao Shancen , Xu Meng , Luo Yong , Yang Yulan , Wu Zhiming , Mao Likai , Wu Haiyang , Ling-Hu Changying , Zhou Huangkai , Lin Haijian , González-Morales Sandra , Trejo-Saavedra Diana L. , Tian Hao , Tang Xin , Zhao Maojun , Huang Zhiyong , Zhou Anwei , Yao Xiaoming , Cui Junjie , Li Wenqi , Chen Zhe , Feng Yongqiang , Niu Yongchao , Bi Shimin , Yang Xiuwei , Li Weipeng , Cai Huimin , Luo Xirong , Montes-Hernández Salvador , Leyva-González Marco A. , Xiong Zhiqiang , He Xiujing , Bai Lijun , Tan Shu , Tang Xiangqun , Liu Dan , Liu Jinwen , Zhang Shangxing , Chen Maoshan , Zhang Lu , Zhang Li , Zhang Yinchao , Liao Weiqin , Zhang Yan , Wang Min , Lv Xiaodan , Wen Bo , Liu Hongjun , Luan Hemi , Zhang Yonggang , Yang Shuang , Wang Xiaodian , Xu Jiaohui , Li Xueqin , Li Shuaicheng , Wang Junyi , Palloix Alain , Bosland Paul W. , Li Yingrui , Krogh Anders , Rivera-Bustamante Rafael F. , Herrera-Estrella Luis , Yin Ye , Yu Jiping , Hu Kailin , Zhang Zhiming 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The two pepper genomes together with 20 resequencing accessions, including 3 accessions that are classified as semiwild/wild, provide a better understanding of the evolution, domestication, and divergence of various pepper species and ultimately, will enhance future genetic improvement of this important worldwide crop.
microRNAs are biomarkers of oncogenic human papillomavirus infections
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Wang Hsu-Kun , Li Yang , Hafner Markus , Banerjee Nilam Sanjib , Tang Shuang , Briskin Daniel , Meyers Craig , Chow Louise T. , Xie Xing , Tuschl Thomas , Zheng Zhi-Ming 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Persistent infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) lead to development of cervical, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. The ability to diagnose HPV infections has been dependent on the detection of viral DNA, on virus-associated cytological and histological abnormalities, and on a few virus-induced host proteins. In this study, we identified a subset of host microRNAs regulated specifically by HPV16 or HPV18 infection in in vitro model systems. The elevated expression of miR-16, miR-25, miR-92a, and miR-378 and the decreased expression of miR-22, miR-27a, miR-29a, and miR-100 were attributed to viral oncoprotein E6 or E7. An expression ratio ≥1.5 of miR-25/92a group over miR-22/29a group was found to be informative in distinguishing normal cervix from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancers.
Requirement of MEF2A, C, and D for skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Liu Ning , Nelson Benjamin R. , Bezprozvannaya Svetlana , Shelton John M. , Richardson James A. , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
In response to injury or disease, skeletal muscle has the capacity for regeneration and repair. Muscle regeneration is orchestrated by a population of stem cells called satellite cells that reside between the basal lamina and sarcolemma of muscle fibers. Upon muscle injury, activated satellite cells proliferate and undergo differentiation to recreate functional muscle tissue. In this work, we show that deletion of three members of the MEF2 family of transcription factors, MEF2A, C, and D, in satellite cells prevents muscle regeneration because of a failure of differentiation. Also, we identify a collection of muscle genes regulated by MEF2 in satellite cells. These findings provide a potential molecular inroad into the process of muscle regeneration through modulation of MEF2 activity.
Protein fold recognition using geometric kernel data fusion
Authors: Zakeri Pooya , Jeuris Ben , Vandebril Raf , Moreau Yves 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Various approaches based on features extracted from protein sequences and often machine learning methods have been used in the prediction of protein folds. Finding an efficient technique for integrating these different protein features has received increasing attention. In particular, kernel methods are an interesting class of techniques for integrating heterogeneous data. Various methods have been proposed to fuse multiple kernels. Most techniques for multiple kernel learning focus on learning a convex linear combination of base kernels. In addition to the limitation of linear combinations, working with such approaches could cause a loss of potentially useful information.
Results: We design several techniques to combine kernel matrices by taking more involved, geometry inspired means of these matrices instead of convex linear combinations. We consider various sequence-based protein features including information extracted directly from position-specific scoring matrices and local sequence alignment. We evaluate our methods for classification on the SCOP PDB-40D benchmark dataset for protein fold recognition. The best overall accuracy on the protein fold recognition test set obtained by our methods is ∼86.7%. This is an improvement over the results of the best existing approach. Moreover, our computational model has been developed by incorporating the functional domain composition of proteins through a hybridization model. It is observed that by using our proposed hybridization model, the protein fold recognition accuracy is further improved to 89.30%. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of our approach on the protein remote homology detection problem by fusing multiple string kernels.
Availability and implementation: The MATLAB code used for our proposed geometric kernel fusion frameworks are publicly available at http://people.cs.kuleuven.be/∼raf.vandebril/homepage/software/geomean.php?menu=5/
Contact: pooyapaydar@gmail.com or yves.moreau@esat.kuleuven.be
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Higher education and sustainable development
Authors: Godemann Jasmin , Bebbington Jan , Herzig Christian , Moon Jeremy 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– This paper seeks to create the context within which research into how higher education institutions (HEIs) might engage with the goal of sustainable development. In particular, the paper outlines the context in which papers in a special section on this topic might be understood as well as developing propositions for how a research focus might emerge in this area. The paper, therefore, seeks to contribute to discussions about whether, under which circumstances and how social accountability and engagement processes focusing on sustainable development might trigger, frame and/or promote change processes in HEIs. The papers that compose this special section are also introduced and future research avenues offered.Design/methodology/approach– Literature reviewFindings– Despite a dearth of literature in the area of HEI responsiveness to sustainable development (and leaving side education/learning and research for sustainable development), numerous points of intersection exist. Foremost among these is the role of HEIs as shapers of the values of society (and a place for debates about these values). In addition, HEIs are substantive organisations with sustainable development impacts. The paper suggests, however, that understanding HEIs and self-consciously seeking change in their activities has to seriously engage with the characterisation of these organisations as loosely coupled systems.Originality/value– The paper discusses the distinctive characteristics of HEIs and considers the higher education context as a challenging case to explore the capacity of social accountability and stakeholder engagement to foster change towards the goal of sustainable development.
Effectiveness of psychotherapy for traumatized refugees without a secure residency status
Authors: Brune Michael , José Eiroá-Orosa Francisco , Fischer-Ortman Julia , Haasen Christian 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Psychotherapy with refugees in the western world is quite often complicated because many refugees live without a secure residency status. It is difficult to have a structured therapeutic perspective when doing psychotherapy with these patients because of their fears and daily problems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate psychotherapy results for 190 traumatized refugees (40 per cent without a secure residency).

Design/methodology/approach
– To measure the outcome of the psychotherapies the paper used HAM-D and CGI at baseline and at the end of the therapeutic process.

Findings
– The study shows that, although refugees without a legal status had more depressive symptoms and lived with much higher psychosocial stress, psychotherapy was as effective as for traumatized refugees with a legal status.

Research limitations/implications
– Heterogeneity, convenience sampling and retrospective completion of some of the baseline assessments.

Practical implications
– Psychotherapeutic treatment of refugees has a clear positive effect on them and should be applied even in those without legal residence status in the host country.

Originality/value
– This is the first study assessing the effectiveness of daily practice psychotherapy for refugees with and without a legal status in a comparative fashion.