bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of photoperiodic control of larval diapause in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)
Authors: Xiao L. , He H.M. , Zhong P.S. , Fu S. , Chen C. , Xue F.S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis enters diapause as fully grown larvae. Owing to geographical variation in photoperiodic control of diapause, the subtropical strain from Hefei city (HF) enters diapause in response to short daylengths, whereas the tropical strain from Ledong county (LD) exhibits almost no diapause under the same conditions. The two strains were used in crosses to study the inheritance of diapause. The HF strain showed a typical long-day response with a critical daylength of approximately14.97 h at 22 °C, 14.60 h at 25 °C and 13.68 h at 28 °C. The LD strain showed weak photoperiodic responses at 22 and 25 °C; and the F1 progeny also showed a long-day response with significantly shorter critical daylength compared with the HF strain. However, the LD × HF (F × M) crosses had significantly longer critical daylengths than HF × LD crosses, indicating a sexual bias in the inheritance of diapause induction, with the male parent having more influence on the F1 progeny. The critical daylength in a backcross to HF was significantly longer than a backcross to LD. Whether the inheritance of diapause fits an additive hypothesis or not depended on photoperiod, with results from different photoperiods showing additive inheritance or incomplete dominance of either diapause or non-diapause. Unlike diapause induction, the duration of diapause for reciprocal crosses was equally influenced by each parent, suggesting that diapause incidence and maintenance are controlled by separate systems in O. furnacalis.
Putting Habib Abdurrahim in His Place: Genealogy, Scale, and Islamization in Seunagan, Indonesia
Authors: Birchok Daniel Andrew 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper I argue that the ways in which a genealogical idiom brings together multiple scales of space and time is as important to its social, political, or religious efficacy as the particular people, places, and events it incorporates. To illustrate this point, I turn to the unusual patrilineal genealogy of Habib Abdurrahim, a nineteenth-century descendant of the Prophet Muhammad buried in the Indonesian region of Seunagan. Since the late 1950s, Habib Abdurrahim's descendants have cultivated a version of his patriline emphasizing five prominent figures. This constellation of figures, together with the relationships Muslims in Seunagan foster with each of the five, produce configurations of spatial-temporal scale through which local Muslims inscribe themselves as participants in several Islamic pasts: the establishment of Seunagan's customary practice, the Islamization of the Indonesian nation, and Islam's cosmic history. Narrative, social, and ritual practices surrounding Habib Abdurahim's patriline link Muslims in Seunagan to the multiple scales that inhere in the genealogy, encouraging them to see themselves as actors within entwined and unfolding histories of Islamization.
Faecal egg counts and expulsion dynamics of the whipworm, Trichuris trichiura following self-infection
Authors: Hansen E.P. , Tejedor A.M. , Thamsborg S.M. , Alstrup Hansen T.V. , Dahlerup J.F. , Nejsum P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMore than 400 million humans are estimated to be infected with the intestinal helminth parasite, Trichuris trichiura. The infection is chronic in nature and high-intensity infection can lead to colitis, anaemia, Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome and reduced cognitive performance. Single doses of 400 mg albendazole or 500 mg mebendazole (MBZ) are used in mass drug administration programmes, but this has been shown to be insufficient. In this study, worm expulsion dynamics are described after MBZ treatment, given as a multi-dose and single-dose treatment in two separate T. trichiura self-infection studies. Worm expulsion dynamics post-treatment showed a similar pattern regardless of the dose regime, with the first worms observed on day 2 and the last worms expelled on days 9 and 13 post-treatment. Establishment of a chronic infection was observed following the inefficient single-dose treatment. The prepatent period was 13–16 weeks in both studies and worms were found to have a lifespan of at least 1 year and 10 months. These self-infection studies provide key information on the chronicity of T. trichiura infections, expulsion dynamics after anthelmintic treatment and the prepatent period, as well as the fecundity of female worms, which was around 18,000 eggs/female per day.
The battle for Zimbabwe in 2013: from polarisation to ambivalence
Authors: Gallagher Julia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOn the face of it, the triumph of Robert Mugabe and ZANU(PF) in the 2013 elections came as a shock, not least to opposition MDC activists. However, after a period of introspection, many have begun to construct a coherent and wide-ranging account of the result which explores opposition shortcomings, and the revived relationship between the electorate and Mugabe's ZANU(PF). This article, based on interviews with political activists conducted three months after the election, outlines and attempts to explain this account. It explores the way in which a politics of polarisation that dominated Zimbabwe in recent years appears to have given way to a politics of ambivalence: where Zimbabweans once viewed their political landscape as one populated by antinomies, they now see their state and its relation to themselves in more complex and ambiguous ways. As a result, Zimbabweans' conception of the state is increasingly coming to resemble Mbembe's formulation of states as contemporaneously ‘organizers of public happiness’ and wielders of arbitrary violence.
Early Shiite hermeneutics and the dating ofKitāb Sulaym ibn Qays
Authors: Gleave Robert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTheKitāb Sulaym ibn Qays, a collection of sayings attributed to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, was supposedly collected by the (otherwise unknown) Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilālī (d. 76/678); the work is generally recognized as an important source for early Shīʿī thought. There has been much debate, both within the Shīʿī tradition and outside of it, over when its contents reached their current form and how representative they were of Shīʿī views in the early centuries of Islam. Here, I take one passage from theKitāb Sulaymand set it against the development of early Muslim hermeneutics in an attempt to establish a tentative dating for this passage. The result is a dating between late eighth centuryce(second centuryah) and the early ninth centuryce(early third centuryah), roughly contemporary with, and perhaps postdating the revolutionary hermeneutic work of Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī (d. 204/820). This conclusion tallies, to some extent, with an analysis of the report's variousisnāds.
Numerical modeling of quantum beam generation from ultra-intense laser-matter interactions
Authors: Nakamura Tatsufumi , Hayakawa Takehito 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhen intense laser beams interact with solid targets, high-energy photons are effectively generated via radiation reaction effect. These photons receive a large portion of the incident laser energy, and the energy transport by photons through the target is crucial for the understanding of the laser–matter interactions. In order to understand the energy transport, we newly developed a Particle-in-Cell code which includes the photon–matter interactions by introducing photon macro-particles. Test simulations are performed and compared with simulations using a particle transport code, which shows a good agreement.
Influence of ethnicity on presentation and outcome of first episode psychosis
Authors: Ademola Foluso , Harte Kenneth , Kennedy Noel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe describe a young African male presenting to an Irish psychiatric service with first episode psychosis with an acute onset, no prodromal features and early and complete remission. Migrant and ethnic minority groups may differ in their clinical presentation, course and outcome of psychosis compared with the Caucasian population. This has implications for assessment and treatment of ethnic minority patients in an Irish context given the recent migration into a previously homogeneous population.
High levels of contamination and antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidalSalmonellaserovars on pig and poultry farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Authors: TU L. T. P. , HOANG N. V. M. , CUONG N. V. , CAMPBELL J. , BRYANT J. E. , HOA N. T. , KIET B. T. , THOMPSON C. , DUY D. T. , PHAT V. V. , HIEN V. B. , THWAITES G. , BAKER S. , CARRIQUE-MAS J. J. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYWe investigated the prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of non-typhoidalSalmonella(NTS) and associated risk factors on 341 pig, chicken, and duck farms in Dong Thap province (Mekong Delta, Vietnam). Sampling was stratified by species, district (four categories), and farm size (three categories). Pooled faeces, collected using boot swabs, were tested using ISO 6575: 2002 (Annex D). Isolates were serogrouped; group B isolates were tested by polymerase chain reaction to detectS.Typhimurium and (monophasic) serovar 4,[5],12:i:- variants. The farm-level adjusted NTS prevalence was 64·7%, 94·3% and 91·3% for chicken, duck and pig farms, respectively. Factors independently associated with NTS were duck farms [odds ratio (OR) 21·2], farm with >50 pigs (OR 11·9), pig farm with 5–50 pigs (OR 4·88) (vs. chickens), and frequent rodent sightings (OR 2·3). BothS. Typhimurium and monophasicS.Typhimurium were more common in duck farms. Isolates had a high prevalence of resistance (77·6%) against tetracycline, moderate resistance (20–30%) against chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ampicillin and nalidixic acid, and low resistance (<5%) against ciprofloxacin and third-generation cephalosporins. Multidrug resistance (resistance against ⩾3 classes of antimicrobial) was independently associated with monophasicS.Typhimurium and other group B isolates (excludingS. Typhimurium) and pig farms. The unusually high prevalence of NTS on Mekong Delta farms poses formidable challenges for control.
Recovery of Antarctic stream epilithon from simulated scouring events
Authors: Kohler Tyler J. , Chatfield Ethan , Gooseff Michael N. , Barrett John E. , McKnight Diane M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMicrobial mats are common in polar streams and often dominate benthic biomass. Climate change may be enhancing the variability of stream flows in the Antarctic, but so far studies investigating mat responses to disturbance have been limited in this region. Mat regrowth was evaluated following disturbance by experimentally scouring rocks from an ephemeral McMurdo Dry Valley stream over two summers (2001–02 and 2012–13). Mats were sampled at the beginning and resampled at the end of the flow season. In 2012–13, mats were additionally resampled mid-season along with previously undisturbed controls. In 2001–02 rocks regained 47% of chlorophyll a and 40% of ash-free dry mass by the end of the summer, while in 2012–13 rocks regrew 18% and 27%, respectively. Mat stoichiometry differed between summers, and reflected differences in biomass and discharge. Oscillatoria spp. were greatest on scoured rocks and Phormidium spp. on undisturbed rocks. Small diatoms Humidophila and Fistulifera spp. increased throughout the summer in all mats, with the latter more abundant in scoured communities. Collectively, these data suggest that mats are variable intra-annually, responsive to hydrology and require multiple summers to regrow initial biomass once lost. These results will aid the interpretation of long-term data, as well as inform Antarctic Specially Managed Area protocols.
Testing the Doran summer climate rules in Upper Wright Valley, Antarctica
Authors: McKay Christopher P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBased on data from low elevation lake sites, previous studies have suggested three quantitative relationships related to summer (December, January and February) air temperatures in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica: i) decrease with altitude at the dry lapse rate of 9.8°C km-1, ii) increase with distance from the coast at a rate of 0.09°C km-1, and iii) degree-days above freezing during the summer months is logarithmically proportional to the maximum summer air temperature. Here, we tested the first two of these rules at high elevation sites in Upper Wright Valley. Direct measurements confirmed that the summer lapse rate followed the dry lapse rate. For the three furthest stations, Tyrol Valley, Mount Fleming and Horseshoe Crater, the average difference between the measurements and the predicted summer monthly averages are -2.1±1.4°C, -0.5±1.0°C and -0.4±0.9°C, respectively. By contrast, at Linnaeus Terrace (54 km from the coast) the monthly average is warmer than predicted by several degrees: +4.3±1.3°C. The inland temperature gradient at these high elevation sites may result from sunlight effects rather than coastal wind as previously shown for the lower valleys. The warm conditions observedc. 50 km from the coast may reflect a zone affected by both sunlight and coastal wind.
Foetal dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular thrombosis
Authors: Barberato Marcia F. A. , Barberato Silvio H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSerial foetal echocardiography showed the development of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and thrombosis in a previously healthy foetus. Normal cardiac findings in a mid-trimester foetus do not exclude subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy.
The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a new analysis
Authors: Fineberg Naomi A. , Day Grace A. , de Koenigswarter Nica , Reghunandanan Samar , Kolli Sangeetha , Jefferies-Sewell Kiri , Hranov Georgi , Laws Keith R. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundObsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is characterized by perfectionism, need for control, and cognitive rigidity. Currently, little neuropsychological data exist on this condition, though emerging evidence does suggest that disorders marked by compulsivity, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are associated with impairment in cognitive flexibility and executive planning on neurocognitive tasks.AimThe current study investigated the neurocognitive profile in a nonclinical community-based sample of people fulfilling diagnostic criteria for OCPD in the absence of major psychiatric comorbidity.MethodTwenty-one nonclinical subjects who fulfilledDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for OCPD were compared with 15 healthy controls on selected clinical and neurocognitive tasks. OCPD was measured using the Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS). Participants completed tests from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery including tests of set shifting (Intra-Extra Dimensional [IED] Set Shifting) executive planning (Stockings of Cambridge [SOC]), and decision making (Cambridge Gamble Task [CGT]).ResultsThe OCPD group made significantly more IED-ED shift errors and total shift errors, and also showed longer mean initial thinking time on the SOC at moderate levels of difficulty. No differences emerged on the CGT.ConclusionsNonclinical cases of OCPD showed significant cognitive inflexibility coupled with executive planning deficits, whereas decision-making remained intact. This profile of impairment overlaps with that of OCD and implies that common neuropsychological changes affect individuals with these disorders.
Antidepressant medication use, depression, and the risk of preeclampsia
Authors: Avalos Lyndsay Ammon , Chen Hong , Li De-Kun 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of depression and antidepressant medication use during pregnancy on the risk of preeclampsia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study that linked automated clinical and pharmacy databases including comprehensive electronic medical records of 21,589 pregnant Kaiser Permanente Northern California members between 2010 and 2012.ResultsThe overall risk of preeclampsia was 4.5%. The timing of antidepressant medication exposure was an important factor. A significant increase in the risk of preeclampsia emerged for women with a depression diagnosis who took antidepressant medications during the second trimester compared to women with untreated depression (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.39) and to women without depression (aRR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.23). Similar associations existed for women who took antidepressant medications, but without depression. In contrast, depressed women with psychotherapy showed no increased risk of preeclampsia compared to women with untreated depression or no depression. There was also a statistically significant relationship between the duration of antidepressant medication use and preeclampsia. The observed association appeared stronger for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use, although a nonsignificant trend was also noted for use of norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).ConclusionStudy findings suggest that antidepressant use during pregnancy may increase the risk of preeclampsia, especially use during the second trimester.
Global warming as a detectable thermodynamic marker of Earth-like extrasolar civilizations: the case for a telescope like Colossus
Authors: Kuhn Jeff R. , Berdyugina Svetlana V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEarth-like civilizations generate heat from the energy that they utilize. The thermal radiation from this heat can be a thermodynamic marker for civilizations. Here we model such planetary radiation on Earth-like planets and propose a strategy for detecting such an alienunintentionalthermodynamic electromagnetic biomarker. We show that astronomical infrared (IR)civilization biomarkersmay be detected within an interestingly large cosmic volume using a 70 m-class or larger telescope. In particular, the Colossus telescope with achievable coronagraphic and adaptive optics performance may reveal Earth-like civilizations from visible and IR photometry timeseries’ taken during an exoplanetary orbit period. The detection of an alien heat signature will have far-ranging implications, but even a null result, given 70 m aperture sensitivity, could also have broad social implications.
Erratum: A Winogradsky-based culture system shows an association between microbial fermentation and cystic fibrosis exacerbation
Authors: Quinn Robert A , Whiteson Katrine , Lim Yan-Wei , Salamon Peter , Bailey Barbara , Mienardi Simone , Sanchez Savannah E , Blake Don , Conrad Doug , Rohwer Forest 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal advance online publication, 16 December 2014; doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.234 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified an error concerning the acknowledgements, namely that ‘Cystic Fibrosis Research Inc.’ was incorrectly listed as ‘Cystic FibrosisResearch Foundation’.
Genetic structure characterization of Chileans reflects historical immigration patterns
Authors: Eyheramendy Susana , Martinez Felipe I. , Manevy Federico , Vial Cecilia , Repetto Gabriela M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIdentifying the ancestral components of genomes of admixed individuals helps uncovering the genetic basis of diseases and understanding the demographic history of populations. We estimate local ancestry on 313 Chileans and assess the contribution from three continental populations. The distribution of ancestry block-length suggests an average admixing time around 10 generations ago. Sex-chromosome analyses confirm imbalanced contribution of European men and Native-American women. Previously known genes under selection contain SNPs showing large difference in allele frequencies. Furthermore, we show that assessing ancestry is harder at SNPs with higher recombination rates and easier at SNPs with large difference in allele frequencies at the ancestral populations. Two observations, that African ancestry proportions systematically decrease from North to South, and that European ancestry proportions are highest in central regions, show that the genetic structure of Chileans is under the influence of a diffusion process leading to an ancestry gradient related to geography.
A retrospective analysis of negative diffusion-weighted image results in patients with acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Zuo Lian , Zhang Yue , Xu Xiahong , Li Ying , Bao Huan , Hao Junjie , Wang Xin , Li Gang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the clinicoradiologic determinants of negative diffusion-weighted image (DWI) results in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). The medical records were reviewed of ACI patients. Patients were divided to the DWI positive and negative group. Positive DWI was used as independent variable and patients' clinicoradiologic factors were used as co-variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis. 349 patients received initial cerebral MRI within 72 hours of admission. Lacunar infarction was most common (42.1%) followed by posterior circulation infarction (30.1%) and partial anterior circulation infarction (18.1%). The majority of the patients (72.2%) had an NIHSS score of less than 5 at admission. 316 patients (90.54%) were positive on initial DWI. Patients with smoking, initial SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, initial fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L, initial MRI from onset of disease >1 d and anterior circulation infarction were liable to show positive DWI. Furthermore, DWI negative patients had significantly lower NIHSS scores (IQR 0,1,2) than DWI positive patients (IQR 1,2,4) (P= 0.000) at two weeks post onset of acute cerebral infarction. In conclusion, multiple clinicoradiologic factors are associated with negative and positive DWI and further delineation of these factors is required in future prospective studies.
N-Acetylaspartate Reduction in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Following 8 weeks of Risperidone Treatment in First-Episode Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Zong Xiaofen , Hu Maolin , Li Zongchang , Cao Hongbao , He Ying , Liao Yanhui , Zhou Jun , Sang Deen , Zhao Hongzeng , Tang Jinsong , Lv Luxian , Chen Xiaogang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt is unclear whether N-acetylaspartate (NAA) depletions documented in schizophrenia patients might be due to the disease progression or medications. Here we investigated longitudinal NAA changes in drug-naïve first-episode patients (FEP) who are relatively free from chronicity. Forty-two drug-naïve FEP and 38 controls were enrolled in this study to explore the effect of 8-week risperidone monotherapy on NAA. All spectra were obtained from the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) on a 3.0 T MRI and analyzed with LCModel. At baseline, patients presented no significant differences in NAA (P = 0.084) or NAA/Cr + Pcr (P = 0.500) compared to controls; NAA levels were negatively correlated with PANSS total scores (P = 0.001) and WCST-PE (P = 0.041). After treatment, patients demonstrated significant reductions of NAA (P < 0.001) and NAA/Cr + Pcr (P < 0.001) and significant improvement in PANSS-P (P < 0.001) and PANSS-G (P < 0.001) symptoms. We detected no significant correlations between NAA alterations and PANSS-P (P = 0.679) or PANSS-G (P = 0.668) symptom changes; nor did NAA/Cr + Pcr changes with alterations in PANSS-P (P = 0.677) and PANSS-G (P = 0.616). This is the first evidence that short-term risperidone treatment induces an acute reduction of MPFC NAA during the early phase of schizophrenia, which may be a previously unavailable biomarker to indicate risperidone with a similar pharmacological mechanism, although the functional significance is still unclear.