bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat shock protein responses to aging and proteotoxicity in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Crum Tyler S. , Gleixner Amanda M. , Posimo Jessica M. , Mason Daniel M. , Broeren Matthew T. , Heinemann Scott D. , Wipf Peter , Brodsky Jeffrey L. , Leak Rehana K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe olfactory bulb is one of the most vulnerable brain regions in age‐related proteinopathies. Proteinopathic stress is mitigated by the heat shock protein (Hsp) family of chaperones. Here, we describe age‐related decreases in Hsc70 in the olfactory bulb of the female rat and higher levels of Hsp70 and Hsp25 in middle and old age than at 2–4 months. To model proteotoxic and oxidative stress in the olfactory bulb, primary olfactory bulb cultures were treated with the proteasome inhibitors lactacystin and MG132 or the pro‐oxidant paraquat. Toxin‐induced increases were observed in Hsp70, Hsp25, and Hsp32. To determine the functional consequences of the increase in Hsp70, we attenuated Hsp70 activity with two mechanistically distinct inhibitors. The Hsp70 inhibitors greatly potentiated the toxicity of sublethal lactacystin or MG132 but not of paraquat. Although ubiquitinated protein levels were unchanged with aging in vivo or with sublethal MG132 in vitro, there was a large, synergistic increase in ubiquitinated proteins when proteasome and Hsp70 functions were simultaneously inhibited. Our study suggests that olfactory bulb cells rely heavily on Hsp70 chaperones to maintain homeostasis during mild proteotoxic, but not oxidative insults, and that Hsp70 prevents the accrual of ubiquitinated proteins in these cells.
image
The olfactory bulb is affected in the early phases of many age‐related neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we described the impact of aging on multiple heat shock proteins (Hsps), such as Hsp70, in the female rat olfactory bulb in vivo. Using multiple proteasome and Hsp70 inhibitors (see schematic), we found that proteotoxicity elicited a compensatory increase in Hsp70 in primary olfactory bulb cells in vitro. Hsp70 then reduced the proteotoxic buildup of ubiquitinated proteins and robustly protected against cell death according to three independent viability assays. Thus, olfactory bulb neurons can mount impressive natural adaptations to proteotoxic injury, perhaps explaining why neurodegenerative disorders are so delayed in onset and so slow to progress.
Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.12884.
Toward a Resolution of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: Busseri Michael A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDiener (1984) introduced the concept of “subjective well‐being” (SWB) as comprising three primary components: life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA). Busseri and Sadava (2011) identified multiple competing conceptualizations of the tripartite structure of SWB and delineated problems with this ambiguity with respect to defining, operationalizing, analyzing, and synthesizing information concerning SWB. The present work provides an empirical evaluation of four competing structural approaches in which SWB is conceptualized variously as three separate components (Model 1), a hierarchical construct (Model 2), a causal system (Model 3), and a composite (Model 4). Data from a longitudinal study of middle‐aged Americans (N = 3,707; 20–75 years old, 55% female, 94% Caucasian) were used to examine the relatedness versus independence of the three SWB components within and across time, as well as predictive effects on SWB. The various structural models differ in how adequately they accommodate the joint relatedness/independence of the SWB components and lead to different conclusions concerning predictive effects on SWB. Conceptual and empirical considerations are considered within and across models. Implications and next steps for further understanding the tripartite structure of SWB are discussed.
Subgaleal haemorrhage in the newborn: A call for early diagnosis and aggressive management
Authors: Colditz Michael J , Lai Melissa M , Cartwright David W , Colditz Paul B 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSubgaleal haemorrhage (SGH) is an important cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the neonate. Its increased prevalence in recent years has coincided with the rise in the number of births assisted by vacuum extraction. Three deaths in Australia within the last 7 years have been the subject of two coronial inquests. Subsequent coronial reports have highlighted that neonatal death from SGH can be prevented if appropriate attention is paid to identification of risk factors, early diagnosis, close observation and aggressive treatment. To prevent unnecessary deaths, all involved in the care of the baby after birth need to be aware of the importance of prompt diagnosis, monitoring and early treatment of SGH.
Phenotyping: Targeting genotype's rich cousin for diagnosis
Authors: Baynam Gareth , Walters Mark , Claes Peter , Kung Stefanie , LeSouef Peter , Dawkins Hugh , Bellgard Matthew , Girdea Marta , Brudno Michael , Robinson Peter , Zankl Andreas , Groza Tudor , Gillett David , Goldblatt Jack 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere are many current and evolving tools to assist clinicians in their daily work of phenotyping. In medicine, the term ‘phenotype’ is usually taken to mean some deviation from normal morphology, physiology and behaviour. It is ascertained via history, examination and investigations, and a primary aim is diagnosis. Therefore, doctors are, by necessity, expert ‘phenotypers’. There is an inherent and partially realised power in phenotypic information that when harnessed can improve patient care. Furthermore, phenotyping developments are increasingly important in an era of rapid advances in genomic technology. Fortunately, there is an expanding network of phenotyping tools that are poised for clinical translation. These tools will preferentially be implemented to mirror clinical workflows and to integrate with advances in genomic and information‐sharing technologies. This will synergise with and augment the clinical acumen of medical practitioners. We outline key enablers of the ascertainment, integration and interrogation of clinical phenotype by using genetic diseases, particularly rare ones, as a theme. Successes from the test bed or rare diseases will support approaches to common disease.
Vibrators and Other Sex Toys are Commonly Recommended to Patients, But Does Size Matter? Dimensions of Commonly Sold Products
Authors: Herbenick Debby , Barnhart Kathryn J. , Beavers Karly , Benge Stephanie 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vibrators and dildos are commonly used by women and men in the United States, and are increasingly recommended by clinicians. In addition, sex toys and various household objects are sometimes used for sexual stimulation in ways that pose health risks to their users. Data about the dimensions of such products may inform clinicians' recommendations.

Aim
The purpose of the present study was to assess the sizes (length and circumference) of vibrators and dildos marketed for vaginal or anal insertion on websites that sell sexual enhancement products.

Methods
Eight websites that sell sexual enhancement products were identified for inclusion in the study. The dimensions of vaginal vibrators and dildos listed for sale on each website were noted, and descriptive data were calculated for each website.

Main Outcome Measures
Product length and circumference (mean, median, and range).

Results
Popular sex toy distributers offer a variety of product sizes. The length of many vibrators and dildos was sized between 4 and 6 in, and circumference was between 4 and 5 in. However, some companies featured products of a considerably larger size than others.

Conclusion
Length and circumference of vibrators and dildos varied, but on average approximated mean penile dimensions. Clinicians' recommendations for use of vaginal or anal products can be enhanced by familiarity and offering additional information about product sizes and retailers.
Gene Expression Profile of the Neonatal Female Mouse Brain After Administration of Testosterone Propionate
Authors: Nakachi Yutaka , Iseki Mioko , Yokoo Tomotaka , Mizuno Yosuke , Okazaki Yasushi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Clinical care decisions for peripubertal adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD) should be made carefully. Furthermore, the identification of biomarkers is very important for rapid and accurate diagnosis of GD in young people.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression profiles during masculinization of the neonatal female mouse brain by testosterone and to identify biomarkers related to GD.

Methods
Microarray analysis was performed using RNAs extracted from the brains of neonatal mice treated by intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate during the sexual determination period. Sequence motif enrichment analysis for sex hormone receptor responsive elements was performed for the flanking regions of genes that showed significant expression changes following administration of testosterone propionate.

Main Outcome Measures
We revealed a gene set with marked changes in expression during brain masculinization of neonatal female mice following administration of testosterone propionate.

Results
We identified 334 genes that showed differential expression in the masculinized neonatal female brain after testosterone propionate treatment. Interestingly, most of these genes are not reported to be expressed in a sexually dimorphic manner. Moreover, sequence motif enrichment analysis suggested that masculinization of the neonatal female brain by testosterone was controlled more by estrogen receptors than androgen receptors.

Conclusions
Differences in genes that are expressed differentially following administration of testosterone injection from known sexually dimorphic genes suggest that many GD-related genes are upregulated during female brain masculinization. The gene set identified in this study provides a basis to better understand the mechanisms of GD and delineate its associated biomarkers.
Priapism as a Result of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Case Report, Pathology, and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shaeer Osama Kamal Zaki Mahmoud , Shaeer Kamal Zaki Mahmoud , AbdelRahman Islam Fathy Soliman , El-Haddad Mostafa Shawky , Selim Osama Mohamed 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Priapism is rare-presenting feature in male patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Several hypotheses for pathogenesis have been described. Management has been controversial; some authors described resolution following priapism-specific interventions, and others recommended addition of CML-specific therapy or even CML-specific therapy alone.

Aim
In this report, we describe presentation and management of a man with refractory priapism that was the first presenting manifestation of CML. We also report, for the first time, the pathology sections of the sinusoidal tissue in such cases. Literature is reviewed for similar cases and their outcome.

Methods
A 21-year-old male patient presented with painful priapism that started 6 days earlier and failed aspiration–irrigation. CBC revealed marked leucocytosis. Oncology care diagnosed CML, and treatment with Imatinib was commenced with prior semen cryopreservation. Following remission, a penile prosthesis was implanted, assisted by optical corporotomy. Sinusoidal tissue biopsy was stained by hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) and CD34.

Main Outcome Measures
Pathology sections of cavernous tissue following CML-induced priapism.

Results
The penile implant survived without complications. H&E examination of the sinusoidal tissue biopsy revealed leukemic infiltration associated with vascular endothelial damage. CD34 staining showed the mixed picture of leukemic infiltrates, intact vascular endothelium with lumena showing leukemic cells, alternating with destroyed vessels, and no vascular lumena and ruminants of endothelial cells.

Conclusion
Priapism can be the first manifestation of previously undetected CML. The pathological picture of sinusoidal tissue in such cases is presented. In the case at hand, a complete blood picture was helpful in early diagnosis of CML and early initiation of targeted chemotherapy along with the corporal irrigation/aspiration or shunt surgery. It is therefore recommended to have a CBC examined at presentation of any case of ischemic priapism of unknown etiology, early initiation of CML therapy along with aspiration/irrigation, preferably cryopreserving a semen sample before CML therapy.
Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) in a Chinese Man: No Proof for IgE-Mediated Allergy to Semen
Authors: Jiang Nannan , Xi Guangpeng , Li Hongjun , Yin Jia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rarely described syndrome characterized by transient flu-like symptoms and cognition disorders. Recent studies suggest that immunogenic reactivity to autologous semen is the underlying mechanism in POIS. However, there are no data published on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy to autologous semen in men without POIS.

Aim
The purpose of the current work was to characterize the first diagnosed POIS patient in China and to study the allergic response of autologous semen in the affected patient and in three healthy males.

Methods
Specific IgE was tested with seminal fluid and common perennial aeroallergens in vitro. Skin prick tests and intracutaneous tests with autologous diluted semen were performed in the patient and three healthy donors. The pattern of IgE reactivity to patient's semen was identified using immunoblotting and ELISA.

Main Outcome Measure
Clinical features of POIS, skin reactions with autologous diluted seminal fluid, and the IgE reactivity patterns of immunoblotting and ELISA in vitro.

Results
A patient was diagnosed with POIS. The patient complained of lifelong premature ejaculation symptoms and allergic rhinitis. Routine laboratory and hormonal assessments were generally within normal range. The patient had a positive skin test with his own semen. Three healthy donors also showed positive skin tests. No semen-specific IgE to autologous semen was detected in the serum of the affected patient or healthy males.

Conclusions
This is the first report of a man with POIS in China. He had positive skin reactions after injection of autologous seminal fluid but no detectable serum concentrations of specific IgE antibodies. IgE-mediated semen allergy in men may not be the potential mechanism of POIS.
Peyronie's Disease and Autoimmunity—A Real-Life Clinical Study and Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ventimiglia Eugenio , Capogrosso Paolo , Colicchia Michele , Boeri Luca , Serino Alessandro , La Croce Giovanni , Russo Andrea , Capitanio Umberto , Briganti Alberto , Cantiello Francesco , Mirone Vincenzo , Damiano Rocco , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Although heavily investigated over the last decades, Peyronie's disease (PD) pathogenesis remains unclear.

Aim
We sought to investigate the association between PD and autoimmune diseases (ADs) in men seeking medical help for sexual dysfunction in the real-life setting.

Methods
Complete sociodemographic and clinical data from a homogenous cohort of 1,140 consecutive Caucasian–European men were analyzed. Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index and ADs were stratified according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision classification.

Main Outcome Measures
Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models tested the association between ADs and PD.

Results
PD was diagnosed in 148 (13%) of the 1,140 men; of PD patients, 14 (9.5%) had a comorbid AD; conversely, the rate of ADs in non-PD patients was significantly lower (χ2 = 24.7; P &lt; 0.01). Both patient age and AD comorbidity achieved multivariable independent predictor status for PD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05; P &lt; 0.01 and OR: 4.90; P &lt; 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions
Our observational findings showed that ADs are highly comorbid with PD in a large cohort of same-race individuals seeking medical help for sexual dysfunction in the real-life setting.
The spectrum of the non‐rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalogram following total sleep deprivation is trait‐like
Authors: Tarokh Leila , Rusterholz Thomas , Achermann Peter , Van Dongen Hans P. A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum is unique to an individual and stable across multiple baseline recordings. The aim of this study was to examine whether the sleep EEG spectrum exhibits the same stable characteristics after acute total sleep deprivation. Polysomnography (PSG) was recorded in 20 healthy adults across consecutive sleep periods. Three nights of baseline sleep [12 h time in bed (TIB)] following 12 h of wakefulness were interleaved with three nights of recovery sleep (12 h TIB) following 36 h of sustained wakefulness. Spectral analysis of the non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep EEG (C3LM derivation) was used to calculate power in 0.25 Hz frequency bins between 0.75 and 16.0 Hz. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess stable individual differences for baseline and recovery night spectra separately and combined. ICCs were high across all frequencies for baseline and recovery and for baseline and recovery combined. These results show that the spectrum of the NREM sleep EEG is substantially different among individuals, highly stable within individuals and robust to an experimental challenge (i.e. sleep deprivation) known to have considerable impact on the NREM sleep EEG. These findings indicate that the NREM sleep EEG represents a trait.
Definition of an HBsAg to DNA international unit conversion factor by enrichment of circulating hepatitis B virus forms
Authors: Désiré N. , Ngo Y. , Franetich J.‐F. , Dembele L. , Mazier D. , Vaillant J.‐C. , Poynard T. , Thibault V. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryHepatitis B (HBV) virus infection is characterized by the overproduction of subviral particles (SVP) over infectious Dane particles (VP). Precise regulation of the ratio between these forms is unknown, but its fluctuation may have a clinical impact. An enrichment method was applied to assess the SVP/VP ratio in chronically infected patients (CHB) and to compare the sensitivity of HBs antigen (HBsAg) and DNA detection methods. Plasmas from 9 genotype A–D CHB patients were fractionated on Nycodenz® gradients, and both HBV DNA and HBsAg were quantified in each collected fraction using standardized techniques expressed in IU/mL. Infection of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) was performed with crude or fractionated plasma. Independently of the genotype, all plasmas showed a similar rate‐zonal separation profile characterized by a bottom DNA‐enriched peak surmounted by HBsAg‐enriched fractions. Inoculation of PHH with plasma‐derived VP‐enriched fractions led to long‐lasting production of virus in cell supernatants with a SVP/VP ratio similar to that observed in patient plasmas. In the VP fraction, one IU of HBsAg corresponded to approximately 5 million IU of HBV DNA. Rate‐zonal gradient separation directly applied on patient plasma allows a better insight into the distribution of VP in HBeAg‐positive CHB carriers. This study highlights the sensitivity difference of the techniques classically used to monitor HBV infection and indicates that VP‐associated HBsAg contributes modestly to the overall amount of total circulating HBsAg in CHB. Such a fractionation approach should help to understand the fine regulation of HBsAg production over replication at different stages of CHB.
Effects of parental status on male body mass in the monogamous, biparental California mouse
Authors: Saltzman W. , Harris B. N. , de Jong T. R. , Nguyen P. P. , Cho J. T. , Hernandez M. , Perea‐Rodriguez J. P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractStudies of biparental mammals demonstrate that males may undergo systematic changes in body mass as a consequence of changes in reproductive status; however, these studies typically have not teased apart the effects of specific social and reproductive factors, such as cohabitation with a female per se, cohabitation with a breeding female specifically, and engagement in paternal care. We aimed to determine whether California mouse Peromyscus californicus fathers undergo systematic changes in body mass and if so, which specific social/reproductive factor(s) might contribute to these changes. We compared mean weekly body masses over a 5‐week period in (1) males housed with another male versus males housed with a non‐reproductive (tubally ligated) female; (2) males housed with a tubally ligated female versus males housed with a female that was undergoing her first pregnancy; (3) experienced fathers housed with versus without pups during their mate's subsequent pregnancy. Body mass did not differ between males housed with another male and those housed with a non‐reproductive female; however, males housed with a non‐reproductive female were significantly heavier than those housed with a primigravid female. Among experienced fathers, those housed with pups from their previous litter underwent significant increases in body mass across their mates' pregnancy, whereas fathers housed without pups did not. These results suggest that male body mass is reduced by cohabitation with a breeding (pregnant) female, but not by cohabitation with a non‐reproductive female, and that increases in body mass across the mate's pregnancy are associated with concurrent care of offspring rather than cohabitation with a pregnant female. Additional work is needed to determine the mechanisms and functional significance, if any, of these changes in male body mass with reproductive condition.
Assembling the components of the quorum sensing pathway in African trypanosomes
Authors: Mony Binny M. , Matthews Keith R. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAfrican trypanosomes, parasites that cause human sleeping sickness, undergo a density‐dependent differentiation in the bloodstream of their mammalian hosts. This process is driven by a released parasite‐derived factor that causes parasites to accumulate in G1 and become quiescent. This is accompanied by morphological transformation to ‘stumpy’ forms that are adapted to survival and further development when taken up in the blood meal of tsetse flies, the vector for trypanosomiasis. Although the soluble signal driving differentiation to stumpy forms is unidentified, a recent genome‐wide RNAi screen identified many of the intracellular signalling and effector molecules required for the response to this signal. These resemble components of nutritional starvation and quiescence pathways in other eukaryotes, suggesting that parasite development shares similarities with the adaptive quiescence of organisms such as yeasts and Dictyostelium in response to nutritional starvation and stress. Here, the trypanosome signalling pathway is discussed in the context of these conserved pathways and the possible contributions of opposing ‘slender retainer’ and ‘stumpy inducer’ arms described. As evolutionarily highly divergent eukaryotes, the organisation and conservation of this developmental pathway can provide insight into the developmental cycle of other protozoan parasites, as well as the adaptive and programmed developmental responses of all eukaryotic cells.