bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic perfusion bioreactor system for 3D culture of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 scaffoldin vitro
Authors: Qian Xu , Yuan Fang , Zhimin Zhu , Anchun Mo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the biocompatibility and osteogenic effectiveness of the porous nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n‐HA/PA66) scaffold material that was cultured with the rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), under the static culture condition and the dynamic perfusion culture conditionin vitro, and to investigate whether the 3D perfusion culture condition was better in provoking proliferation of rBMSCs than the 3D static culture condition. The Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Osteocalcin (OCN) assay and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the proliferation and differentiation of rBMSCs. The samples were respectively harvested at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days and effect comparisons were made between the two of the culture conditions. The results showed that values of MTT, ALP, and OCN were increased continuously and revealed a significant difference between the two culture conditions (p< 0.05). On the 14th day, SEM revealed calcified nodules 2–8 μm in diameter in the lamellar structure. Under the static culture condition, the pores were covered with the cells looking like a piece of blanket, but under the perfusion culture condition the cells were observed to have a 3D lamellar structure. In conclusion, the porous n‐HA/PA66 scaffold material can be used as a good candidate material for the bone scaffold construction in the tissue engineering because of its excellent 3D structure, which can greatly improve the proliferation and differentiation of rBMSCs and make them proliferate and osteogenesis even better under the perfusion culture condition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Group Differential for Attainment and Failure Indicators
Authors: Nathan Hippu Salk Kristle , Mishra Srijit 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe study revisits the properties of group differential (GD) measures and extends it to include monotonicity and policy sensitivity axioms. Imposing level sensitivity, which indicates that a given gap is worse off at higher (lower) level of attainment (failure), the study concurs that ‘simple difference’ and ‘simple ratio’ are the most basic GD measures for attainment and failure indicators, respectively. It proposes two new measures, one each for attainment and failure, which have certain advantages from a policy implication perspective. An empirical illustration has been provided by taking two indicators from Millennium Development Goals for different regions of the world. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preclinical evaluation of radiolabelled nimotuzumab, a promising monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Barta Pavel , Laznickova Alice , Laznicek Milan , Vera Denis Rolando Beckford , Beran Milos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundRadiolabelled monoclonal antibodies with affinity towards tumour‐associated antigens may enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment with targeted radiotherapy. The humanized antibody nimotuzumab represents a promising vector to deliver radioactivity to tumours overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor type 1 (ErbB1). We analysed the effect of radiolabelling nimotuzumab on its uptake in cancer cells and its biodistribution profile in preclinical experiments.MethodsNimotuzumab was labelled with 131I by oxidative iodination and with 177Lu using nimotuzumab conjugates with two different chelators (DTPA and DOTA) and two different spacers (p‐SCN‐Bn and NHS). For the receptor studies, two cell lines (HaCaT and A431) were used. Biodistribution studies were performed in male Wistar rats.ResultsThe choice of radiolabel and the manner of its attachment to nimotuzumab had little effect on the internalization of the antibody into ErbB1‐expressing cell lines. However, the type of radiolabel, the way in which it was attached to nimotuzumab and the radiolabelling procedure, significantly affected the blood clearance, liver uptake and liver persistence of radiolabelled nimotuzumab. 131I‐nimotuzumab had the longest elimination half‐life and the lowest radioactivity uptake in the liver. 177Lu‐labelled nimotuzumab exhibited a shorter elimination half‐life, high radioactivity and long‐term retention in the liver.
Fundamental isomorphism conjecture via non‐commutative motives
Authors: Balmer Paul , Tabuada Gonçalo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGiven a group, we construct a “fundamental localizing invariant” on its orbit category. We prove that any isomorphism conjecture valid for this fundamental invariant implies the same isomorphism conjecture for all localizing invariants, like non‐connective K‐theory, Hochschild homology, cyclic homology, and so on. Then, we discuss how to reduce such a fundamental isomorphism conjecture to essentially K‐theoretic ones. Finally, we develop the analogue additive results.
Recent Development of Hypercrosslinked Microporous Organic Polymers
Authors: Xu Shujun , Luo Yali , Tan Bien 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are currently receiving great interest due to their easy preparation, high chemical and thermal stability, and low cost. Combined with the lightweight properties and high surface areas HCPs can be considered as promising materials for gas storage and separation, catalysis, and heavy metal ions removal in wastewater treatment. This Feature Article summarizes strategies for the preparation of HCPs, comprising the post‐crosslinking of “Davankov‐type” resins, direct polycondensation of aromatic chloromethyl (or hydroxymethyl) monomers, and knitting aromatic compound polymers (KAPs). The HCPs applications, such as H2 storage, CO2 capture, and heterogeneous catalysis, are also discussed throughout in the article. Finally, the outlook of this research area is given.
Enteric alpha‐synuclein expression is increased in Parkinson's disease but not Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gold Andrea , Turkalp Zorbey T. , Munoz David G. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveAlpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) is immunohistochemically detectable in enteric neurons in some subjects. We determined its age distribution in the general autopsy population and in an age‐matched subset investigated differences with Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD).MethodsArchival autopsy samples of colon from 95 cases (77 general population, 10 PD, and 8 AD) were immunostained with monoclonal antibody KM51. α‐Syn detectability was semiquantitatively graded 1 to 3.Resultsα‐Syn was detectable in 52% of the general population, and its level of expression did not change between ages 40 and 91. All PD subjects were α‐Syn positive, with higher prevalence (P = 0.001) and grade (P = 0.003) than age‐matched controls. AD subjects were no more likely to be α‐Syn positive or have a higher grade than controls.ConclusionsEither PD develops selectively in the enterically α‐Syn‐positive population subset or PD induces this expression. Absence of increased α‐Syn expression in AD points to differences in pathogenesis. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Power spectral analysis of the effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dobutamine and dopexamine on microcirculation following free tissue transfer
Authors: Eley Karen A. , Young John Duncan , Watt‐Smith Stephen R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground: The use of pressor drugs after microsurgical free tissue transfer remains controversial because of potential vasoconstrictor effects on the free flap. Noninvasive monitoring of free flaps with laser Doppler flowmetry may provide further information regarding the local regulation of blood flow in the flap tissues during pressor infusions. This study evaluated the effects of four commonly used pressor agents. Methods: Twenty four patients (25 data sets) undergoing head and neck cancer resection and free flap reconstruction were recruited. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopexamine, and dobutamine were infused in a random order at four infusion rates, after surgery, with free flap and control area (deltoid region) laser Doppler skin blood flow monitoring. Frequency analysis of the Doppler waveform was performed utilizing the time period immediately before the first drug infusion for each patient as baseline. Results: At baseline there was less power at the 0.002–0.6 Hz frequency in the flap compared with control tissue consistent with surgical denervation. At maximum epinephrine infusion rates, the control of blood flow moved toward (i.e., proportion of power increased in) the lower frequencies, as smooth muscle mediated (myogenic) control began to dominate blood flow, an effect most marked with norepinephrine. Dobutamine and dopexamine had little effect on control of blood flow. Conclusions: Denervation of free flap tissue is demonstrable using spectral analysis of laser Doppler blood flow signals. With norepinephrine the control of blood flow shifts toward low frequency vasomotion where blood flow depends mostly on average blood pressure, making it potentially the most suitable agent following free tissue transfer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Evaluation of Adult Learners: Ethical Issues
Authors: Crowe Jean L. 
Published: January 2013

In this article, the author presents an overview of the different types of evaluation, or assessment, typically used in college and university settings. Three ethical issues commonly identified when evaluating adult learners are discussed: learner readiness, evaluation credibility, and the power issue. Learner‐centred or collaborative programs are suggested as the type of learning experience that could best resolve the ethical dilemmas when assessing adults. As more and more adults are returning to the classroom, the question of how to provide meaningful evaluation is a challenge facing many educators. Increasing numbers of adult learners are demanding a high quality learning experience, including assessments that are appropriate to their needs. An examination of the various styles of evaluation available will provide insight into how facilitators can make such changes in their curricula. In this article, I will describe the methods of evaluation typically used to assess adult learners in self‐directed learning (SDL) and in teacher‐directed learning (TDL) situations. Some advantages and disadvantages of each method will be stated, followed by a description of selected ethical issues associated with evaluation in each case. I will also discuss the middle ground between SDL and TDL. In my opinion, this middle ground, often called learner‐centred and collaborative learning, is becoming popular in institutional programs. I will examine the possibility that evaluation techniques in this middle zone may act to resolve some ethical dilemmas of assessing adults.
Exploring the Links between Adult Education and Human Resource Development: Learning, Risk‐Taking, and Democratic Discourse
Authors: Reio Thomas G. 
Published: January 2013

Learning is indeed an integral component of adapting successfully to an ever‐changing world, one full of intriguing possibilities and insidious barriers. Democratic societies establish educative systems where learning and development is promoted to advance a citizenry of skillful problem solvers, knowledgeable decision makers, incisive risk takers, and proactive participants in the democratic process. Learning and its unequivocal support are thus vital for an evolving democratic society where its citizens are mindful of and committed to the social good. The fields of adult education (AE) and human resource development (HRD) play particularly significant roles in providing quality learning and development opportunities for adults, yet both are underrated in terms of their contributions to society as a whole. In this paper, I explore AE and HRD as closely related, but underestimated parts of a greater educative system. Both fields' perceived marginal role as educative system participants may be a function of unnecessarily fractious debates among scholars and practitioners in their respective fields. Unfortunately, differences and not similarities are promoted too often at the expense of useful cooperation and one unified voice. “…if life is learning; learning is life…” Edward Lindeman (1926, p. 55)
Premaxillary protrusion assessment by the maxilla–nasion–mandible angle in fetuses with facial clefts
Authors: de Jong‐Pleij E. A. P. , Pistorius L. R. , Ribbert L. S. M. , Breugem C. C. , Bakker M. , Tromp E. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of the study was to measure the degree of premaxillary protrusion in fetuses with orofacial clefts of various severities.MethodsThe maxilla–nasion–mandible (MNM) angle was measured retrospectively on by multiplanar corrected volumes. Sixty‐two fetuses with orofacial clefts and known outcome volumes of the fetal head were available.ResultsIn 48 of the 62 cases, the MNM angle could be measured [mean gestational age 23 (range, 18–30) weeks]. The mean MNM angle was normal in all nine cases with cleft lip and intact alveolar ridge (15.2°; range, 12.5°– 16.9°). In 24 cases with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL/P), the mean MNM angle was 20.0° (range, 13.3–26.2°), being above the 95th percentile in 79% (n = 19) and normal in 21% (n = 5). In 14 bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCL/P) cases, the mean MNM angle was 26.5° (range, 19.2°–33.7°) and above the 95th percentile in all cases. There was no difference in MNM angle between isolated clefts and clefts associated with other anomalies. In one case with a Tessier 4 cleft, the MNM angle was above the 95th percentile (25.2°).ConclusionThe premaxilla tends to protrude in both BCL/P as UCL/P cases. The degree of protrusion varies greatly, especially in the BCL/P group. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Swelling behavior of gelatin‐ionic liquid functional polymers
Authors: de Carvalho Rui Nuno Leitão , Torres Lourenço Nuno Miguel , Gomes Pedro Miguel Vidinha , da Fonseca Luís Joaquim Pina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this work, hydrogels obtained by mixing gelatin with ionic liquids (ILs) are prepared. Two different ILs, [emim][EtSO4] and [bmim][N(CN)2], are used to prepare hydrogels with different amounts of starting water and phosphate buffer content, which are used after a maturation period. The percentage of swelling in water and phosphate buffer, swelling and diffusion parameters are investigated in thin‐film polymers (1 × 1 cm2; 1‐mm thick) with different maturation times and at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 °C. [emim][EtSO4] polymers show a moderate (100% weight increase) but quick swelling that reaches 80% of the equilibrium within 30 min. They are liquefied and dissolved at temperatures above 25 °C. [bmim][N(CN)2] polymers with short maturation times exhibit a similar behavior to the former, but more mature hydrogels register a very small swelling, abnormal kinetics and are more resistant to higher temperatures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys., 2013
Trends and Patterns in Euro‐Marriages in the Netherlands
Authors: van Wissen Leo J. G. , Heering Liesbeth 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough the European Union is usually viewed as a project aimed at creating a single commodity market, one of its primary purposes was more generally to remove social and cultural boundaries between the European nation‐states. Intermarriage is a classical indicator of the formation of social ties and communities. One could claim that the creation of a real social, political, cultural, and supranational European space is only complete if people are also willing to accept each other as their spouses. As part of Europe's social integration, Euro‐marriage can be regarded as the litmus test of European integration, and the Netherlands with his status as a founding member should have enjoyed the benefits of one single European marriage market longer than more recent members. Despite this obvious role of intermarriage as a key indicator of European integration, little is known about marriages between Europeans (‘Euro‐marriages’) in the Netherlands. This paper tries to fill this gap by describing the patterns of Euro‐marriages in the Netherlands, on the basis of register data on bi‐national newlyweds and household structure in the Netherlands since 1995. One of the key findings is that Euro‐marriages have not become more popular since 1995 and that this is only to some extent compensated by increased cohabitation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grain‐boundary relaxation peak correlated to the precipitation in Cu–20.4Al–8.7Mn shape‐memory alloy
Authors: Hao Gangling , Xu Qiaoping , Wang Hui , Wang Weiguo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe grain‐boundary relaxation as well as corresponding internal friction (IF) mechanism in Cu‐based shape‐memory alloy was investigated taking Cu–20.4Al–8.7Mn (at%) as an example. A relaxational IF peak was found at around 214 °C during the heating process, whereas the peak completely disappears during the subsequence cooling process. The IF peak with the activation energy and pre‐exponential factor of 1.60 eV and 3.8 × 10−18, respectively, shifting towards higher temperature as the measuring frequency increased indicates that the peak correlates to a thermal‐activation process. The results obtained revealed that the viscous sliding of the grain boundaries should be the operative mechanism for the appearance of the peak. However, the appearance of the γ2 precipitate particles formed during the heating process provides a reverse contribution to the peak, leading to the disappearance of the peak due to their pinning effect on the grain boundaries.
EXAFS and EPR analysis of the local structure of Mn‐doped Li2B4O7
Authors: Kelly T. D. , Kong L. , Buchanan D. A. , Brant A. T. , Petrosky J. C. , McClory J. W. , Adamiv V. T. , Burak Y. V. , Dowben P. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe local structure of Mn‐doped Li2B4O7(001) was investigated using extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) at the Mn K edge and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The location of the Mn dopant in a lithium tetraborate crystal is consistent with occupation of a site with strong oxygen coordination. The MnO bond lengths are similar to those observed with Mn doping of the icosahedral based boron carbide where Mn is in a substitutional dopant in one of the cage sites. From EXAFS, the manganese does not appear to greatly alter the overall tetragonal form of lithium tetraborate, with the dopant most likely substituting for one of the two B sites and with placement of some of the Mn in a Li site still possible. The EPR spectra agree with the literature examined resolving multiple Mn species in the crystal lattice.
Analysis of strain relaxation process in GaInN/GaN heterostructure by in situ X‐ray diffraction monitoring during metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxial growth
Authors: Iida Daisuke , Kondo Yasunari , Sowa Mihoko , Sugiyama Toru , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStrain relaxation in a GaInN/GaN heterostructure is analyzed by combining in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) monitoring and ex situ observations. Two different characteristic thicknesses of GaInN films are defined by the evolution of in situ XRD from the full width at half‐maximum of symmetric (0002) diffraction as a function of GaInN thickness. This in situ XRD measurement enables to clearly observe the critical thicknesses corresponding to strain relaxation in the GaInN/GaN heterostructure caused by the formation of surface pits with bent threading dislocations and the generation of misfit dislocations on GaInN during growth. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Information‐based data selection for ensemble data assimilation
Authors: Migliorini S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEnsemble‐based data assimilation is rapidly proving itself as a computationally efficient and skilful assimilation method for numerical weather prediction, which can provide a viable alternative to more established variational assimilation techniques. However, a fundamental shortcoming of ensemble techniques is that the resulting analysis increments can only span a limited subspace of the state space, whose dimension is less than the ensemble size. This limits the amount of observational information that can effectively constrain the analysis. In this paper, a data selection strategy that aims to assimilate only the observational components that matter most and that can be used with both stochastic and deterministic ensemble filters is presented. This avoids unnecessary computations, reduces round‐off errors and minimizes the risk of importing observation bias in the analysis. When an ensemble‐based assimilation technique is used to assimilate high‐density observations, the data selection procedure allows the use of larger localization domains that may lead to a more balanced analysis. Results from the use of this data selection technique with a two‐dimensional linear and a nonlinear advection model using both in situ and remote sounding observations are discussed.
Histone Acetyltransferase Cofactor Trrap Maintains Self-Renewal and Restricts Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Sawan Carla , Hernandez-Vargas Hector , Murr Rabih , Lopez Fabrice , Vaissière Thomas , Ghantous Akram Y. , Cuenin Cyrille , Imbert Jean , Wang Zhao-Qi , Ren Bing , Herceg Zdenko 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Chromatin states are believed to play a key role in distinct patterns of gene expression essential for self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs); however, the genes governing the establishment and propagation of the chromatin signature characteristic of pluripotent cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the histone acetyltransferase cofactor Trrap in mouse ESCs triggers unscheduled differentiation associated with loss of histone acetylation, condensation of chromatin into distinct foci (heterochromatization), and uncoupling of H3K4 dimethylation and H3K27 trimethylation. Trrap loss results in downregulation of stemness master genes Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 and marked upregulation of specific differentiation markers from the three germ layers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis of genome-wide binding revealed a significant overlap between Oct4 and Trrap binding in ESCs but not in differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts, further supporting a functional interaction between Trrap and Oct4 in the maintenance of stemness. Remarkably, failure to downregulate Trrap prevents differentiation of ESCs, suggesting that downregulation of Trrap may be a critical step guiding transcriptional reprogramming and differentiation of ESCs. These findings establish Trrap as a critical part of the mechanism that restricts differentiation and promotes the maintenance of key features of ESCs.
I Can Create Mental Images to Retell and Infer Big Ideas
Authors: Miller Debbie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs teachers, we are always reflecting on and refining our craft. In this article, the author shares how her understanding and implementation of comprehension strategy instruction has evolved over the past ten years. These shifts include her current thinking about the gradual release of responsibility instructional model, how content and big ideas drive her studies, and the enhanced role of assessment for teaching and learning. Readers will step into a kindergarten classroom where the author brings these principles and practices to life, and shows how our youngest readers can not only successfully engage in thoughtful, critical thinking, but make their thinking visible, public, and permanent.