bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Wound‐QoL”: A short questionnaire measuring quality of life in patients with chronic wounds based on three established disease‐specific instruments
Authors: Blome Christine , Baade Katrin , Sebastian Debus Eike , Price Patricia , Augustin Matthias 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a short questionnaire measuring health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic wounds. Three validated instruments assessing HRQoL in chronic wounds—the Freiburg Life Quality Assessment for wounds, the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule, and the Würzburg Wound Score—were completed by 154 German leg ulcer patients in a longitudinal study. For implementation in the new, shorter questionnaire Wound‐QoL, all of those 92 items that covered the core content of the three questionnaires and showed good psychometric properties were selected. Internal consistency, convergent validity, and responsiveness were analyzed using the study data on the selected items (a new approach called virtual validation). Subscales were determined with factor analysis. Item, instruction, and response scale wording were harmonized. Seventeen items were included in the Wound‐QoL, which could be attributed to three subscales on everyday life, body, and psyche. Both global score and subscale scores were internally consistent with Cronbach's alpha between 0.71 and 0.91. The global score showed significant convergent validity (r = 0.48 to 0.69) and responsiveness (r = 0.18 to 0.52); the same was true for the subscale scores. The Wound‐QoL for measurement of HRQoL in chronic wounds proved to be internally consistent, valid, and responsive in German leg ulcer patients. The findings of this virtual validation study need to be confirmed in a longitudinal validation study on the final Wound‐QoL, which is currently being conducted.
Wound healing in US medical school curricula
Authors: Yim Elizabeth , Sinha Varsha , Diaz Sofia I. , Kirsner Robert S. , Salgado Christopher J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractApproximately 6.5 million Americans suffer from nonhealing wounds. As physicians are increasingly expected to manage chronic wounds, the degree to which formalized wound care education exists as a clinical rotation is unclear. For the first time, the prevalence and characteristics of formal wound electives offered by US medical schools are documented. Online surveys were distributed to 134 US medical schools and to the 74 medical students who completed the wound healing elective at the University of Miami regarding their experiences. School response rate was 41% (n = 55). We found that out of 55 schools, only 7 schools offered a formal wound healing elective. The University of Miami was the only school to include a surgical component. Students' response rate was 39% (n = 29). After completing the elective, 20 students (69%) felt confident in their knowledge of surgical and medical wound management. A majority of students (76%, n = 22) felt that the elective was an important part of the medical school curriculum. In conclusion, we found very few schools offer a formal wound elective and recommend medical schools in formalizing this education through clinical electives. Education should be team‐based and multidisciplinary; evidence exists that this is the best approach to managing chronic wounds. Basic tenets of wound care, both medical and surgical, should be emphasized.
The Physical Activity Energy Cost of the Latest Active Video Games in Young Adults
Authors: Howe Cheryl A. , Barr Marcus W. , Winner Brett C. , Kimble Jenelynn R. , White Jason B. 
Published: June 2014

Background:Although promoted for weight loss, especially in young adults, it has yet to be determined if the physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and intensity of the newest active video games (AVGs) qualifies as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; > 3.0 METs). This study compared the PAEE and intensity of AVGs to traditional seated video games (SVGs).Methods:Fifty-three young adults (18−35 y; 27 females) volunteered to play 6 video games (4 AVGs, 2 SVGs). Anthropometrics and resting metabolism were measured before testing. While playing the games (6−10 min) in random order against a playmate, the participants wore a portable metabolic analyzer for measuring PAEE (kcal/min) and intensity (METs). A repeated-measures ANOVA compared the PAEE and intensity across games with sex, BMI, and PA status as main effects.Results:The intensity of AVGs (6.1 ± 0.2 METs) was significantly greater than SVGs (1.8 ± 0.1 METs). AVGs elicited greater PAEE than SVGs in all participants (5.3 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.0 kcal/min); PAEE during the AVGs was greater in males and overweight participants compared with females and healthy weight participants (p’s < .05).Conclusions:The newest AVGs do qualify as MVPA and can contribute to the recommended dose of MVPA for weight management in young adults.
Quantification of Underestimation of Physical Activity During Cycling to School When Using Accelerometry
Authors: Tarp Jakob , Andersen Lars B. , Østergaard Lars 
Published: June 2014

Background:Cycling to and from school is an important source of physical activity (PA) in youth but it is not captured by the dominant objective method to quantify PA. The aim of this study was to quantify the underestimation of objectively assessed PA caused by cycling when using accelerometry.Methods:Participants were 20 children aged 11 to 14 years from a randomized controlled trial performed in 2011. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry with the addition of heart rate monitoring during cycling to school. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to identify periods of cycling to school.Results:Mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during round-trip commutes was 10.8 (95% CI: 7.1−16.6). Each kilometer of cycling meant an underestimation of 9314 (95% CI: 7719−11238) counts and 2.7 (95% CI: 2.1−3.5) minutes of MVPA. Adjusting for cycling to school increased estimates of MVPA/day by 6.0 (95% CI: 3.8−9.6) minutes.Conclusions:Cycling to and from school contribute substantially to levels of MVPA and to mean counts/min in children. This was not collected by accelerometers. Using distance to school in conjunction with self-reported cycling to school may be a simple tool to improve the methodology.
Predictors of Weight Loss for African-American Women in the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition (FAN) Study
Authors: Kyryliuk Rebecca , Baruth Meghan , Wilcox Sara 
Published: June 2014

Background:Understanding predictors of weight loss can assist in developing targeted evidence-based programs to reduce obesity in faith-based settings. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of weight loss for a sample of African-American women taking part in in a church-based study.Methods:Participants (N = 350) completed physical assessments and comprehensive surveys at baseline and 15 months later. Analyses examined baseline variables and change in variables from baseline to posttest, as predictors of ≥ 5% weight loss at posttest. Demographic, health-related, and behavioral variables were examined.Results:Lower baseline stress predicted greater likelihood of weight loss. Increased leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) from baseline to posttest was predictive of greater weight loss. The odds of ≥ 5% weight loss was 38% lower for every 1-point increase in baseline stress (OR = 0.62, CI = 0.39, 0.98, P = .04) and 6% greater for every 1-hour increase in posttest LTPA (OR = 1.06, CI = 1.0, 1.12, P = .049).Conclusions:Increased LTPA appears to be an independent predictor of modest but meaningful reductions in weight among African-American women. African-American women reporting higher levels of stress at baseline may require more intense strategies emphasizing increased LTPA to lose weight.
Children’s Physical Activity While Gardening: Development of a Valid and Reliable Direct Observation Tool
Authors: Myers Beth M. , Wells Nancy M. 
Published: June 2014

Background:Gardens are a promising intervention to promote physical activity (PA) and foster health. However, because of the unique characteristics of gardening, no extant tool can capture PA, postures, and motions that take place in a garden.Methods:The Physical Activity Research and Assessment tool for Garden Observation (PARAGON) was developed to assess children’s PA levels, tasks, postures, and motions, associations, and interactions while gardening. PARAGON uses momentary time sampling in which a trained observer watches a focal child for 15 seconds and then records behavior for 15 seconds. Sixty-five children (38 girls, 27 boys) at 4 elementary schools in New York State were observed over 8 days. During the observation, children simultaneously wore Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers.Results:The overall interrater reliability was 88% agreement, and Ebel was .97. Percent agreement values for activity level (93%), garden tasks (93%), motions (80%), associations (95%), and interactions (91%) also met acceptable criteria. Validity was established by previously validated PA codes and by expected convergent validity with accelerometry.Conclusions:PARAGON is a valid and reliable observation tool for assessing children’s PA in the context of gardening.
Transit-Related Walking to Work in Promoting Physical Activity
Authors: Yu Chia-Yuan , Lin Hsien-Chang 
Published: June 2014

Background:Transit-related walking to work is a potential strategy for incorporating physical activity into daily life and promoting health benefits. This study estimated the transit-related walking time for work trips on the journey to and from work and examined the predictors of transit users who walked to/from transit and the workplace and those who walked 30 minutes or more per day.Methods:This study used the 2009 National Household Travel Survey and identified 772 subjects who took transit to/from work, 355 subjects who walked to/from transit and the workplace, and 145 subjects who walked 30 minutes or more per day among the 40,659 workers. Weighted logistic regressions were used for the analysis.Results:Of the people who walked to/from transit and the workplace, 40.9% walked 30 minutes or more per day. The weighted logistic regressions revealed that low-income groups and workers living in high population density areas were more likely to walk to/from transit and the workplace. Workers living in high population density areas were more likely to walk 30 minutes or more per day.Conclusions:Transit-related walking to work provides an opportunity to increase physical activity levels and to meet the physical activity recommendations.
Intima-Media Thickness in 11- to 13-Year-Old Children: Variation Attributed to Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Waist Circumference
Authors: Melo Xavier , Santa-Clara Helena , Pimenta Nuno M. , Martins Sandra Silva , Minderico Cláudia S. , Fernhall Bo , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: June 2014

Background:It is unclear how sedentary behavior (SED), physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) influence vascular structure in children of varying body size. This study examined whether associations between SED, PA, and CRF with intima-media thickness (IMT) added to that of abdominal fatness and IMT. Differences in physiological measures among waist circumference (WC) percentiles were tested.Methods:We assessed IMT of the carotid artery in 265 children aged 11 to 13 years (135 girls). Measures included IMT assessed with high-resolution ultrasonography, WC, body fat mass (BFM) from DXA, and CRF determined using a maximal cycle test. SED and PA were assessed by accelerometry. Association between IMT and CRF adjusted for PA variables, and body composition phenotypes were tested with multiple linear regression analysis.Results:CRF was related to IMT independently of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and SED (P < .05). When WC was added to the model CRF was no longer associated with IMT (P > .05). Children in the higher WC group had increased mean values of BMI, BFM, WC, and IMT and lower MVPA and CRF (P < .05).Conclusion:Full modeling of SED, MVPA, CRF, and WC revealed that regional adiposity appears to have the biggest role in arterial structure of children.
Colombian Children With Overweight and Obesity Need Additional Motivational Support at School to Perform Health-Enhancing Physical Activity
Authors: Olaya-Contreras Patricia , Bastidas Myriam , Arvidsson Daniel 
Published: June 2014

Aims:The aim of this study is to investigate associations of screen-time and physical activity (PA) with self-efficacy for PA, intrinsic motivation to PA and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Colombian schoolchildren from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, and to compare these variables among children with normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW) and obesity (OB).Methods:In 678 schoolchildren (age 10–14 years) screen-time (TV, video games, computer) and number of days being physically active ≥ 60 minutes were self-reported. Multi-item scales were used to assess self-efficacy to PA and intrinsic motivation to PA. The KIDSCREEN-27 was used to assess HRQoL.Results:Screen-time was associated with HRQoL in the school/learning environment dimension. Number of days being physically active was associated with self-efficacy for PA, intrinsic motivation for PA and with HRQoL concerning physical well-being, autonomy/parent relation and social support/peers. Group differences were found for days being physically active (OW = 2.8 and OB = 2.7 vs. NW = 3.3) but not for screen-time (NW = 5.0, OW = 4.7 and OB = 5.7 hrs·d-1). OW and OB scored lower on intrinsic motivation to PA than NW (OW = 19.2 and OB = 17.9 versus NW = 20.1). All 3 groups differed in physical well-being scores (NW = 50.3, OW = 48.1, OB = 40.6, P < .001).Conclusions:Schoolchildren with overweight and obesity from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods need additional motivational support to perform health-enhancing PA to experience higher physical well-being.
The sheep genome illuminates biology of the rumen and lipid metabolism
Authors: Jiang Yu , Xie Min , Chen Wenbin , Talbot Richard , Maddox Jillian F. , Faraut Thomas , Wu Chunhua , Muzny Donna M. , Li Yuxiang , Zhang Wenguang , Stanton Jo-Ann , Brauning Rudiger , Barris Wesley C. , Hourlier Thibaut , Aken Bronwen L. , Searle Stephen M. J. , Adelson David L. , Bian Chao , Cam Graham R. , Chen Yulin , Cheng Shifeng , DeSilva Udaya , Dixen Karen , Dong Yang , Fan Guangyi , Franklin Ian R. , Fu Shaoyin , Fuentes-Utrilla Pablo , Guan Rui , Highland Margaret A. , Holder Michael E. , Huang Guodong , Ingham Aaron B. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Kalra Divya , Kovar Christie L. , Lee Sandra L. , Liu Weiqing , Liu Xin , Lu Changxin , Lv Tian , Mathew Tittu , McWilliam Sean , Menzies Moira , Pan Shengkai , Robelin David , Servin Bertrand , Townley David , Wang Wenliang , Wei Bin , White Stephen N. , Yang Xinhua , Ye Chen , Yue Yaojing , Zeng Peng , Zhou Qing , Hansen Jacob B. , Kristiansen Karsten , Gibbs Richard A. , Flicek Paul , Warkup Christopher C. , Jones Huw E. , Oddy V. Hutton , Nicholas Frank W. , McEwan John C. , Kijas James W. , Wang Jun , Worley Kim C. , Archibald Alan L. , Cockett Noelle , Xu Xun , Wang Wen , Dalrymple Brian P. 
Published: June 2014

A genome for ewe and ewe
Sheep-specific genetic changes underlie differences in lipid metabolism between sheep and other mammals, and may have contributed to the production of wool. Jiang et al. sequenced the genome of two Texel sheep, a breed that produces high-value meat, milk, and wool. The genome information will provide an important resource for livestock production and aid in the understanding of mammalian evolution.

Science
, this issue p.
1168
Simple Objective Detection of Human Lyme Disease Infection Using Immuno-PCR and a Single Recombinant Hybrid Antigen
Authors: Halpern Micah D. , Molins Claudia R. , Schriefer Martin , Jewett Mollie W. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA serology-based tiered approach has, to date, provided the most effective means of laboratory confirmation of clinically suspected cases of Lyme disease, but it lacks sensitivity in the early stages of disease and is often dependent on subjectively scored immunoblots. We recently demonstrated the use of immuno-PCR (iPCR) for detectingBorrelia burgdorferiantibodies in patient serum samples that were positive for Lyme disease. To better understand the performance of the Lyme disease iPCR assay, the repeatability and variability of the background of the assay across samples from a healthy population (n= 36) were analyzed. Both of these parameters were found to have coefficients of variation of <3%. Using eight antigen-specific iPCR assays and positive call thresholds established for each assay, iPCR IgM and/or IgG diagnosis from Lyme disease patient serum samples (n= 12) demonstrated a strong correlation with that of 2-tier testing. Furthermore, a simplified iPCR approach using a single hybrid antigen and detecting only IgG antibodies confirmed the 2-tier diagnosis in the Lyme disease patient serum samples (n= 12). Validation of the hybrid antigen IgG iPCR assay using a blinded panel of Lyme disease and non-Lyme disease patient serum samples (n= 92) resulted in a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50% to 84%), compared to that of the 2-tier analysis at 59% (95% CI, 41% to 76%), and a specificity of 98% (95% CI, 91% to 100%) compared to that of the 2-tier analysis at 97% (95% CI, 88% to 100%). A single-tier hybrid antigen iPCR assay has the potential to be an improved method for detecting host-generated antibodies againstB. burgdorferi.
Immunogenicity of Peanut Proteins Containing Poly(Anhydride) Nanoparticles
Authors: De S. Rebouças Juliana , Irache Juan M. , Camacho Ana I. , Gastaminza Gabriel , Sanz María L. , Ferrer Marta , Gamazo Carlos 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn the last decade, peanut allergy has increased substantially. Significant differences in the prevalence among different countries are attributed to the type of thermal processing. In spite of the high prevalence and the severe reaction induced by peanuts, there is no immunotherapy available. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential application of poly(anhydride) nanoparticles (NPs) as immunoadjuvants for peanut oral immunotherapy. NPs loaded with raw or roasted peanut proteins were prepared by a solvent displacement method and dried by either lyophilization or spray-drying. After physicochemical characterization, their adjuvant capacity was evaluated after oral immunization of C57BL/6 mice. All nanoparticle formulations induced a balanced TH1 and TH2 antibody response, accompanied by low specific IgE induction. In addition, oral immunization with spray-dried NPs loaded with peanut proteins was associated with a significant decrease in splenic TH2 cytokines (interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-5, and IL-6) and enhancement of both TH1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines. In conclusion, oral immunization with poly(anhydride) NPs, particularly spray-dried formulations, led to a pro-TH1 immune response.
Performance of the Verigene Gram-Negative Blood Culture Assay for Rapid Detection of Bacteria and Resistance Determinants
Authors: Dodémont Magali , De Mendonça Ricardo , Nonhoff Claire , Roisin Sandrine , Denis Olivier 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Nonduplicate blood cultures that were positive for Gram-negative bacilli (
n
= 125) were tested by the Verigene Gram-negative blood culture (BC-GN) assay; 117 (90.7%) isolates were members of the panel. For identification and resistance markers, the agreements with routine methods were 97.4% (114/117) and 92.3% (12/13). The BC-GN assay is a rapid and accurate tool for the detection of pathogens from blood cultures and could be integrated alongside conventional systems to enable faster patient management, but the clinical benefits should be further evaluated.
Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates Obtained from the Rikers Island Jail System from 2009 to 2013
Authors: Tanner Joshua , Lin Ying , Kornblum John , Herzig Carolyn T. A. , Bystritsky Rachel , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Lowy Franklin D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Inmates of Rikers Island jail potentially introduce
Staphylococcus aureus
into New York State prisons upon transfer. In this study, methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates (
n
= 452), collected from infected inmates (2009 to 2013), were characterized.
spa
type t008 was the predominant clone identified, accounting for 82.3% of the isolates, with no evidence of mupirocin or chlorhexidine resistance.
Zoonotic Anatrichosomiasis in a Mother and Daughter
Authors: Eberhard Mark L. , Hellstein John W. , Lanzel Emily A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Zoonotic anatrichosomiasis in a mother and daughter is reported. Both presented with a 10-week history of multiple painful oral ulcers. Biopsy specimens revealed the presence of small, coiled trichuroid nematodes with distinctive morphological features, including stichocytes and paired bacillary bands. This represents an unusual infection by a zoonotic
Anatrichosoma
species.
Unexpected Blastomyces dermatitidis Etiology of Fungal Sinusitis and Erosive Palatal Infection in a Diabetic Patient
Authors: Thomas Jane , Munson Erik , Christianson John C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe present what is believed to be the initial report of hard-palate infection caused byBlastomyces dermatitidis. The organism was cultivated from biopsy material obtained from a diabetic patient presenting with complaints of headache and malaise. Radiologic findings revealed a malignant-appearing soft-tissue mass with paranasal sinus base destruction.
Analytic and Clinical Performance of cobas HPV Testing in Anal Specimens from HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Wentzensen Nicolas , Follansbee Stephen , Borgonovo Sylvia , Tokugawa Diane , Sahasrabuddhe Vikrant V. , Chen Jie , Lorey Thomas S. , Gage Julia C. , Fetterman Barbara , Boyle Sean , Sadorra Mark , Tang Scott Dahai , Darragh Teresa M. , Castle Philip E. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common, and the incidence of anal cancer is high in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). To evaluate the performance of HPV assays in anal samples, we compared the cobas HPV test (cobas) to the Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping assay (LA) and cytology in HIV-infected MSM. Cytology and cobas and LA HPV testing were conducted for 342 subjects. We calculated agreement between the HPV assays and the clinical performance of HPV testing and HPV genotyping alone and in combination with anal cytology. We observed high agreement between cobas and LA, with cobas more likely than LA to show positive results for HPV16, HPV18, and other carcinogenic types. Specimens testing positive in cobas but not in LA were more likely to be positive for other markers of HPV-related disease compared to those testing negative in both assays, suggesting that at least some of these were true positives for HPV. cobas and LA showed high sensitivities but low specificities for the detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (AIN2/3) in this population (100% sensitivity and 26% specificity for cobas versus 98.4% sensitivity and 28.9% specificity for LA). A combination of anal cytology and HPV genotyping provided the highest accuracy for detecting anal precancer. A higher HPV load was associated with a higher risk of AIN2/3 with HPV16 (
P
trend
< 0.001), HPV18 (
P
trend
= 0.07), and other carcinogenic types (
P
trend
< 0.001). We demonstrate that cobas can be used for HPV detection in anal cytology specimens. Additional tests are necessary to identify men at the highest risk of anal cancer among those infected with high-risk HPV.