bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of the online educational tool about the ActiveHip+ mHealth intervention in Occupational Therapy students
Authors: Prieto-Moreno Rafael , Mora-Traverso Marta , Moreno-Ramírez María Paz , Romero-Ayuso Dulce , Martín-Martín Lydia , Ariza-Vega Patrocinio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The rise of digital health needs training future occupational therapists to use these tools. We developed an online course on the ActiveHip+ intervention (Clinical Trial NCT04859309) to enhance students' knowledge of managing hip fractures in older adults.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of the online educational tool about the ActiveHip+ mHealth intervention.
Material and Methods: A feasibility study was conducted including Occupational Therapy undergraduate students who completed the online ActiveHip+ training course. The feasibility was assessed through adoption, adherence, and acceptability (measured using the UTAUT2 questionnaire), and learning was assessed using a questionnaire administered before and after the course.
Results: The online ActiveHip+ training course obtained satisfactory feasibility results. We observed 83% adoption, 98% adherence and the acceptance with a mean score (standard deviation) of 120.39/147 (13.35). The intervention significantly improved knowledge, increasing the mean score by 8.15 points (SD = 3.4) after the course (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The online ActiveHip+ course is feasible for occupational therapy students and shows promise for learning. However, implementation in educational settings should be confirmed through randomised clinical trials.
Significance: Integrating this type of training with in-person teaching can increase participation and improve the teaching-learning process in the university setting.
Effect of various final irrigation solutions at different temperatures on dentin tubule penetration of bioceramic-based root canal sealer
Authors: Öztürk Esra Arılı , Çanakçi Burhan Can , Gökduman Ceren Turan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4 irrigation solutions at 3 different temperatures on the dentinal tubule penetration of bioceramic-based sealer after root canal obturation using the warm vertical compaction method using a laser scanning confocal microscope (CLSM).
Materials and Methods:
180 human maxillary incisors were used. After root canal preparation, different final irrigation solutions [distilled water (control), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), peracetic acid, or 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate(HEBP)] at different temperatures (25, 36, or 60˚C) were used. Obturation was performed with the warm vertical compaction using a bioceramic-based sealer mixed with a fluorophore dye. Three horizontal sections were obtained from each specimen. Samples were observed using CLSM. The maximum penetration depth, penetration area, and percentage of penetration were measured. Data were compared using the Shapiro-Wilk test and a three-way robust ANOVA with the WRS2 package (P<0.05).
Results:
The effects of different temperatures on all parameters were similar, regardless of different cross-sectional areas and solutions (P>0.05). With the increase in temperature, the maximum penetration depth values ​​increased in the EDTA and peracetic acid groups and decreased in the HEBP group (P>0.05). Additionally, with the increase in temperature, the sealer penetration area and the total percentage of penetration increased in both the EDTA and HEBP groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions:
According to the results of this study, heating final irrigation solutions can increase the penetration of root canal sealers into dentinal tubules.
Clinical Relevance:
· Dentin tubule penetration of root canal sealer is considered clinically significant.
· Heating irrigation solutions can enhance the penetration of sealers into dentinal tubules.
Tropical Cyclones and strong MJO events as precursors of summertime Antarctic atmospheric rivers
Authors: Pohl Benjamin , Clem Kyle , Favier Vincent , Baiman Rebecca , Bozkurt Deniz , Udy Danielle , Winters Andrew , Wille Jonathan , Buffet Victoire , Vance Tessa , Gorodetskaya Irina , Datta Rajashree , Pergaud Julien 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Antarctic atmospheric rivers (ARs) are rare but high-impact events that have a major influence on the surface mass and energy balance of the ice sheet, by causing strong positive anomalies in temperature and precipitation. Previous studies have shown that the main moisture sources of Antarctic ARs extend from the midlatitudes to the subtropics (equatorward of 30° latitude). Here, we focus on the tropical moisture origins through analyzing tropical cyclones and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, i.e. the most intense tropical convective events. They can act in some cases as precursors of the AR development particularly during the austral summer season, increasing the Antarctic AR probability by a factor of 3–5. Not all intense tropical convective events produce ARs: a precise phase locking between regions of poleward moisture export and extratropical Rossby waves is necessary to channel tropical moisture poleward, and form an AR over the Southern Ocean reaching the Antarctic ice sheet.
Superior Degradation characteristics of industrial wastewater treated by Biological and 3D Electrochemical Coupling Process
Authors: Zhu Guixian , Feng Qiang , Li Huan , Zhang Zhewei , Xu Hao , Jia Longfei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The performance of the combined biological and three-dimensional electrochemical treatments was studied for the industrial wastewater from sewage treatment plant. The process parameters were investigated.Result showed that the system could remove over 99.13% COD,63.88% TN,99.42% TP and 25.0% NH3-N in 2h. Under the operating conditions of voltage 8V, electrolysis 120min, addition of 2000mg/L electrolyte KCl and 30g industrial waste steel slag, the degradation of pollutants is effectively improved. And through economic analysis, it can be calculated that it only costs 2.2CNY/t to process one ton of industrial wastewater. The experimental results not only meet the water discharge standards, but also pave the way for developing techniques with high efficiency, economy, low energy consumption and universal use.
Signatures of under-the-barrier dynamics in a tunneling electron wavepacket
Authors: Hatsagortsyan Karen Z. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The formation of the electron wavepacket in strong field tunneling ionization is investigated. We examine the role of the under-the-barrier recollisions in shaping the phase of the photoelectron wavepacket, which in particular, is responsible for the tunneling time delay. A general analytical relationship between the phase of the tunneled electron wavepacket and the tunneling rate is established. We demonstrate the enhancement of the amplitude of the recolliding path and the wavepacket phase shift due to the Coulomb field effect of the atomic potential, which counteracts the lateral spreading of the tunneling wavepacket during the sub-barrier propagation. Our analysis employs the dressed bound state in the laser field in the adiabatic approximation. The insight gained from our findings will facilitate the free electron wavepacket synthesis via strong field ionization in sculptured laser fields.
The Effect of Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Particle Sizes on HIV Cell Entry via gp41 C34: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Qing Liu , Yanzhao Zhang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The gp41 C34 peptide, which is part of the HIV envelope glycoprotein, is crucial for HIV entry into host cells because it facilitates membrane fusion and serves as a biomarker for viral replication. Lipoproteins, including HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons, affect HIV infection via their cholesterol levels and particle sizes, but their causal relationships with HIV remain unclear.
Methods: Utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to infer causality, this study leverages genetic data from the UK Biobank (115,082 individuals) and the KORA cohort (997 individuals) to explore the causal relationships between 39 lipoprotein traits (cholesterol levels and subtype concentrations of different particle sizes) and gp41 C34 expression. The primary MR method employed was the random-effect inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. To ensure robust and reliable causal inference, multiple sensitivity analyses, including weighted median, MR‒Egger regression, simple mode, weighted mode, and leave-one-out analyses, were conducted.
Results: Elevated HDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated with reduced gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.61, SE = 0.186, p = 1.25e-4, FDR = 0.004), suggesting a protective role of HDL cholesterol in HIV infection. Higher HDL particle concentrations were also inversely associated with gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.549, SE = 0.202, p = 0.007, FDR = 0.032). Increased cholesterol levels in large HDL particles were significantly inversely related to gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.46, SE = 0.16, p = 0.004, FDR = 0.03). Similarly, higher concentrations of medium HDL particles were linked to lower gp41 C34 expression (IVW: β = -0.473, SE = 0.166, p = 0.005, FDR = 0.028).
No significant causal relationships were found between gp41 C34 expression and the cholesterol levels or sizes of IDL, LDL, or VLDL particles or chylomicrons. Consequently, these lipoprotein particles are unlikely to influence gp41 C34 expression and HIV cell entry.
Conclusion: HDL cholesterol and HDL particle concentrations, particularly large and medium HDL particles, play a protective role against HIV cell entry by reducing gp41 C34 expression. Other lipoprotein particles do not show significant causal relationships, indicating that specific lipid traits modulate HIV entry mechanisms. These findings enhance our understanding of the influence of lipoprotein traits on HIV infection and persistence.
Non-stationarity of extreme rainfall and its impact assessment in the north-eastern part of India
Authors: Agarwal Shivam , Debbarma Nilotpal , Roy Parthajit , Choudhury Parthasarathi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the variability in extreme rainfall in northeast India using stationary and non-stationary frequency analysis. Study identified non-stationarity in the annual maximum daily rainfall time series in northeast India, and it was shown that the non-stationary models exhibited more accurate results compared to modelling the series on the assumption of stationarity. Genetic algorithm is employed as optimization algorithm for parameter estimation in the method of maximum likelihood estimation of parameters hereby referred as MLE-GA. The results demonstrate better non-stationary parameter fitting using MLE-GA approach for GEV and PE3 distributions. Results obtained found that all the twelve rainfall stations considered in the region show significant amount of non-stationarity with values ranging from negative impact of -31.97% to positive impact of 38.6% for return period of 100 years. Overall, the research findings indicate non-stationarity in the frequency analysis of extreme rainfall series to have a significant impact on the northeastern region as a whole, and non-stationary modelling is more beneficial and reliable for any water management studies under climate change in the region.
Confidence intervals and one sample-based hypothesis testing for Cronbach’s α coefficient for interval-valued data
Authors: García-García José , Lubiano María Asunción 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The definition of the well-known Cronbach's α coefficient has been recently extended to measure the internal consistency of interval-valued scale-based items in questionnaires. Although some of its main properties have already been studied, no inferential technique has yet been proposed to analyze its population value. In this paper, large sample theory and bootstrap procedures are used to obtain one sample-based confidence intervals and perform hypothesis testing for the population Cronbach α coefficient for interval-valued data. The asymptotic correctness and consistency of the suggested methods is theoretically derived by analyzing the limit distribution of the sample and bootstrap analogue estimators of such extended reliability index. In addition, some simulation studies are conducted to empirically investigate the performance of the proposed confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, which is also illustrated through a real-life example.
Enhancing the physician-scientist workforce: evaluating a mentored research program for medical students’ research competencies and intentions
Authors: Piercy Brooke , Miovsky Nicole , Singh Harinder , Afghani Behnoosh , Schneider Margaret 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The growing recognition of the need to incorporate scientific discoveries into healthcare decisions underscores an urgency for a robust physician-scientist workforce to advance translational research. Despite the correlation between medical students' research engagement and their academic productivity and success, significant gaps remain in the scientific workforce exacerbated by the "leaky pipeline" phenomenon from medical school to academic medicine, where potential physician-scientists veer away from research careers.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a structured mentored research program for enhancing medical students' research competencies and sustaining their interest in research careers, thereby potentially enhancing the physician-scientist workforce.
Methods: The Medical Student Research Program (MSRP) implemented at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) was designed to provide comprehensive research training and support to medical students through a series of structured lectures, mentorship by dedicated faculty, and administrative support for research activities. Students were surveyed upon enrollment and one year later to assess the change in research competencies from baseline to follow-up (paired samples t-test), students’ intent to use research in clinical practice (paired samples t-test), and their intent to conduct research in the future (McNemar’s test and McNemar Bowker test).
Results: Preliminary evaluations indicated that the MSRP enhanced students' research competencies and has the potential to enhance medical students’ research skills. However, similar to national trends, there was a decrease in students' intentions to engage with research in their future clinical career.
Conclusions: Our preliminary findings demonstrate MSRP students’ enhanced research competencies during the first year of the program. However, the decline in students’ intentions to engage in future research highlights the need for continued innovation in research training programs to sustain future intent to conduct research, in turn helping to address the “leaky pipeline” in the physician-scientist workforce. Future studies should focus on mid and long-term outcomes to fully assess research program impact on the physician-scientist pipeline and on integrating such programs more broadly into medical education.
A high power efficiency high power supply rejection LDO with fast-transient response
Authors: Cao Kunbo , Xu Yong , Lu Wandi , Li Wenqi , Li Ziyue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a SMIC 0.18µm BCD process low-dropout regulator (LDO) with high power efficiency, high power supply rejection (PSR) and fast-transient response is proposed for power management modules in RF energy harvesting systems. A buffer and pole-zero tracking structure are added to achieve only one dominate pole in the unit gain bandwidth (UGB). Simulation results show that the maximum power efficiency of LDO achieves 96.1% and it consumes 18µA quiescent current, delivering a load current range from 0-30mA over a 10µF load. The overshoot voltage is 0.14% of output voltage and the recovery time is less than 3.2µs when the load is varied from no-load to full-load, and the PSR is better than − 47dB at 1MHz.
The divergence of DHN-derived melanin pathways in Metarhizium robertsii
Authors: Xie Linan , Liu Yang , Zhang Yujie , Chen Kang , Yue Qun , Wang Chen , Dun Baoqing , Xu Yuquan , Zhang Liwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The important role of dihydroxynaphthalene-(DHN) melanin in enhancing fungal stress resistance and its importance in fungal development and pathogenicity are well-established. This melanin also aids biocontrol fungi in surviving in the environment and effectively infecting insects. However, the biosynthetic origin of melanin in the biocontrol agents, Metarhizium spp., has remained elusive due to the complexity resulting from the divergence of two DHN-like biosynthetic pathways. Through the heterologous expression of biosynthetic enzymes from these two pathways in baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have confirmed the presence of DHN biosynthesis in M. roberstii, and discovered a novel naphthopyrone intermediate that can produce a different type of pigment. These two pigment biosynthetic pathways differ in terms of polyketide intermediate structures and subsequent modification steps. Stress resistance studies using recombinant yeast cells have demonstrated that both DHN and its intermediates confer resistance against UV light prior to polymerization; a similar result was observed for its naphthopyrone counterpart. This study contributes to the understanding of the intricate and diverse biosynthetic mechanisms of fungal melanin and has the potential to enhance the application efficiency of biocontrol fungi such as Metarhizium spp. in agriculture.
Innovative Deep Learning-Based CEA-MMSA Framework for Cultural Emotion Analysis of Tamil and Sanskrit Siddha Palm Leaf Manuscripts
Authors: Yokesh R.Geethanjali , Angadevar A.Valarmathi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Tamil palm leaf manuscripts serve as invaluable cultural heritage repositories, housing a wealth of ancient wisdom spanning medical prescriptions and spiritual hymns. However, their profound significance is matched by the complexity of deciphering the sentiments they convey, attributed to their multimodal (text and visual content) and multilingual (Tamil and Sanskrit) nature. This study presents a Deep Learning-Based Cultural Emotion Analyzer (CEA-MMSA) designed for the multimodal and multilingual sentiment analysis of Tamil and Sanskrit Siddha palm leaf manuscripts. These manuscripts are invaluable cultural artifacts, containing ancient wisdom in complex textual and visual formats. Our innovative approach leverages Vision Transformers (ViTs) for visual sentiment analysis and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) with attention mechanisms for textual sentiment analysis, facilitating a nuanced understanding of emotional content. The proposed multimodal fusion model enhances data interpretation by integrating textual and visual sentiments, addressing the intricacies of the manuscripts' linguistic aspects. Empirical results demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology, achieving an accuracy of 97.38%, with precision at 96.87%, recall at 95.34%, and an F1 score of 95.37%. This advancement not only enriches the study and preservation of these manuscripts but also illuminates the emotional and cultural narratives encapsulated within them.
The risk of believing that emotions are bad and uncontrollable: association with orthorexia nervosa
Authors: Vuillier Laura , Greville-Harris Maddy , Moseley Rachel Louise 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to explore emotional functioning in individuals with varying levels of orthorexia nervosa (ON) symptoms. Given the established links between emotion dysregulation and other eating disorders (EDs), and the conceptualization of ON within the ED spectrum, this research sought to examine the relationships between ON symptomatology and emotion regulation strategies, alexithymia, and beliefs about emotions.
Methods
A large sample (N = 562) completed self-report measures with high psychometric properties, assessing ON traits (E-DOS), emotion regulation strategies (DERS-SF and ERQ), alexithymia (TAS-20), and beliefs about emotions (ERQ). The study used well-validated measures to address limitations of previous research.
Results
Individuals with high ON traits demonstrated difficulties in most aspects of emotional functioning compared to those with low ON traits. Suppression, but not reappraisal, partially mediated the relationship between beliefs about emotions and ON symptoms. Believing emotions are bad or useless, difficulty controlling impulses, and relying on suppression to regulate emotions were most strongly associated with ON symptoms.
Conclusion
This study provides evidence that emotion dysregulation plays an important role in ON symptomatology. The findings suggest that when emotions feel unhelpful or uncontrollable, and maladaptive strategies like suppression are employed, individuals may seek perceived control through pathologically 'healthy' eating. There is currently no diagnosis criteria for ON, and consequently no clear treatment pathway. Our research suggests that specific aspects of emotional functioning such as beliefs about the usefulness of emotions or difficulties with feeling out of control when upset may be a useful treatment target to help individuals with ON develop healthier coping mechanisms and reduce reliance on rigid dietary rules as a means of emotional regulation.
Level of evidence:
Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies
Vascular Microphysiological System for Investigating Endothelial Barrier Function during Organ Preservation and Reperfusion
Authors: Kim Yongdeok , Goswami Ishan , Gill Elisabeth , Mahmoodi Seyed Reza , Consiglio Anthony N. , Velazquez Jazmin , Nieman Gabriel , Alburo Alexis Abigail A. , Woods Brady , Ellis Bradley W. , von Reiterdank Irina Filz , Uygun Korkut , Uygun Basak E. , Rubinsky Boris , Healy Kevin E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Endothelial cell damage after cold preservation and reperfusion injury causes deterioration of the endothelial barrier and ultimately results in edema, leading to transplant failure. Here, we introduce a vascular microphysiological system (MPS) as a testbed to investigate the combinational effect of thermal and fluid perturbations (i.e., wall shear stress) on human endothelial barrier function. We compared two methods of organ storage: isochoric supercooling (ISC) preservation, which prevents ice formation at subzero temperatures; and, the standard clinical protocol of static cold storage (SCS) at 4 °C. Integrating electrical impedance measurements on chip allowed real-time monitoring and quantification of barrier function during preservation and reperfusion protocols. Isochoric supercooling preservation enabled longer periods of preservation with superior recovery of barrier function during reperfusion, and had lower metabolic activities compared to static cold storage. Genomic analysis revealed injury and recovery mechanisms at the molecular level for the different preservation and reperfusion conditions. The multifunctional vascular microphysiological system provided a physiologically relevant in vitro model recapitulating ischemia-reperfusion injury to the endothelium. The vascular MPS has potential for optimizing organ preservation protocols, ultimately improving organ transplant viability.