bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historische Lager aus Stahlguss
Authors: Wetzk Volker 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDer Beitrag thematisiert Werkstoffuntersuchungen an historischen Lagern aus Stahlguss. Nach Erläuterungen zum Kontext der Arbeiten werden die Untersuchungsmasse vorgestellt sowie zwei unterschiedlich ausgerichtete Untersuchungsschleifen erläutert. Gegenstand beider Schleifen bilden chemische, mechanische und metallographische Werkstoffanalysen, deren Ergebnisse abschließend gewertet werden.Material tests at historic bearings made of cast steel. This paper tackles material tests carried out at historic bearings made of cast steel. At first the context of the tests as well as the bearings which have been analysed are introduced. To improve our knowledge about historic cast steel this contribution explains two test series to investigate chemical, mechanical and metallographic material characteristics of historic cast steel. The paper ends with a conclusion.
Brückenlager im Bestand
Authors: Gregorski Heiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDas Durchschnittsalter der Eisenbahnbrücken der DB Netz AG liegt bei über 85 Jahren. Demzufolge liegt auch ein entsprechend alter Bestand an Brückenlagern vor. In diesem Beitrag möchte die DB Netz AG darstellen, dass insbesondere die historischen stählernen Brückenlager heute und bei wirtschaftlich vertretbarem Instandhaltungsaufwand auch in Zukunft ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Eisenbahnüberführungen sein werden.Bridge bearings of the present infrastructure – Know‐how of the DB Netz AG. He average age of railway bridges of DB Netz AG is over 85 years. In consequence, there exist a high number of bridge bearings in this age as part of the present infrastructure. This paper wants to show that in particular the historic bearings made of steel are an essential part of railway bridges in the present time and with reasonable maintenance they will also be in future.
The bearings of the Hradecky Bridge in Ljubljana
Authors: Slivnik Lara 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper describes the Hradecky Bridge across the River Ljubljanica and the hinges used in its three‐hinged arch. The bridge was constructed at its original location in 1867, but due to its prefabricated structure and particular type of hinges it was possible to take the bridge completely apart and to reconstruct it at two other locations in 1932 and 2011.Die Gelenke der Radetzkybrücke in Leibach. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Radetzkybrücke (Hradecky Brücke) über den Fluss Ljubljanica und die in ihrem Dreigelenkbogen verwendeten Gelenke. Die Brücke wurde an ihrem ursprünglichen Standort im Jahre 1867 errichtet. Wegen ihrer vorgefertigten Struktur und der besonderen Art von Gelenken war es möglich, die Brücke komplett auseinander zu nehmen und sie an zwei weiteren Standorten in den Jahren 1932 und 2011 zu rekonstruieren.
Automatic role‐explicit query extraction: a divide‐and‐conquer system leveraging on users' reformulating behaviors
Authors: Yu Haitao , Ren Fuji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a system that can automatically extract role‐explicit queries from a query log without any human intervention. The key idea underlying our system is as follows: We perform a divide‐and‐conquer process through differentiating the sessions in a query log as mul‐sessions and sin‐sessions. According to the session type, different approaches are proposed. We translate the contextual information in mul‐sessions as indirect human wisdom to facilitate role‐explicit query extraction on mul‐sessions. Furthermore, leveraging on the role‐explicit queries extracted from mul‐sessions, we learn the simplified word n‐gram role model (SWNR) to facilitate role‐explicit query extraction on sin‐sessions. The experimental results show that our proposed system is clearly favored by the indirect human wisdom hidden in mul‐sessions and achieves a satisfactory performance, namely more than 79% in terms of different metrics. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of DNA Binding, Protein Interaction, and Cytotoxic Activity of a Mononuclear Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Chen Zhanfen , Zhang Jian , Zeng Pan , Zhang Shuping , Jin Chuanmin 
Published: November 2013

Abstract The reactivities towards DNA and protein of a benzimidazole derived mononuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(EDTB)](NO3)2·C2H5OH (1) [EDTB = N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(2′‐benzimidazolyl methyl)‐1,2‐ethanediamine], were investigated under physiological conditions using UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD). The experimental results suggest complex 1 could strongly bind to calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) and induce a remarkable conformational variation of DNA. The intrinsic binding constant Kb of complex 1 to DNA is 1.08(± 0.02) × 105 M–1 and the apparent binding constant Kapp is 3.9 × 106 M–1. The strong affinity was chiefly arising from intercalation of the benzimidazole aromatic rings of ligand system of 1 with the DNA base stack. Additionally, complex 1 could also interact with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. At higher concentration range of complex 1 (0–210 μM), the fluorescence quenching of BSA by complex 1 is a combined quenching (both dynamic and static) process; at lower concentration range of complex 1 (0–15 μM), the binding process is a single static mechanism with the binding constant (KA) ca. 105 M–1. Further, cytotoxic activity of complex 1 in vitro was evaluated against the human cervical cancer (HeLa), human lung cancer (A‐549), and human mammary cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. The results reveal complex 1 demonstrates a significant inhibition against the three cell lines with the IC50 values falling in the 36.12–55.13 μM range.
Succinylation of Non‐ionic Surfactants: Physicochemical Characterization, Functional Properties, Biodegradability and Mathematical Modeling of the Polarity Tuning
Authors: Agach Mickaël , Moity Laurianne , Renault Benjamin , Marinkovic Sinisa , Estrine Boris , Nardello‐Rataj Véronique 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnionic surfactants comprising succinic acid end groups were synthesized by succinylation of non‐ionic surfactants using succinic anhydride as a potentially bio‐sourced building block. A solvent‐ and catalyst‐free synthesis was designed for succinic anhydride mono esterification with octyl‐, decyl and dodecylpolyxylosides, di‐ and tetraethylene glycol dodecylethers and glycerol monolaurate. The physicochemical and functional properties of anionic surfactants thus obtained were studied and compared with their non‐succinylated counterparts. A correlation between these properties and the polarity changes induced by the addition of the hydrophilic succinic acid moiety was established. The biodegradability of the succinylated surfactants has also been investigated. Finally, through a desirability function approach, mathematic predictions were correlated to the properties in order to find an optimum and to discriminate surfactants with respect to targeted physicochemical properties and resulting applications.
Cationic Gemini Surfactant as a Corrosion Inhibitor and a Biocide for High Salinity Sulfidogenic Bacteria Originating from an Oil‐Field Water Tank
Authors: Labena Ahmed , Hegazy Mohamed A. , Horn Harald , Müller Elisabeth 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel cationic gemini surfactant (NCGS) was synthesized and characterized. The inhibitory effect of NCGS was evaluated on the basis of protecting a metal surface from the salinity (5.49 % NaCl) and the activity of environmental sulfidogenic bacteria which originated from an oil‐field water tank. Sulfidogenic bacterial activities were determined based on sulfide production, redox potential, changes in biofilm structures and constituents and metal corrosion rate calculations. At high surfactant concentrations, the sulfide production was completely inhibited as well as a considerable drop in the redox potential was observed in the reactor's bulk phase. A minimum inhibitory concentration of the NCGS was achieved at a concentration of 1 mM. The NCGS showed a high ability to inhibit a biofilm over the metal surface at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The lowest metal corrosion rate was detected at a concentration of 5 mM with a metal corrosion inhibition efficiency of 97 %. In addition the NCGS showed a nonspecific biocidal activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains.
Stearic acids atsn-1, 3 positions of TAG are more efficient at limiting fat deposition than palmitic and oleic acids in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Gouk Shiou-Wah , Cheng Sit-Foon , Ong Augustine Soon-Hock , Chuah Cheng-Hock 
Published: November 2013

In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-acyl chain SFA, namely palmitic acid (16 : 0) and stearic acid (18 : 0), atsn-1, 3 positions of TAG on obesity. Throughout the 15 weeks of the experimental period, C57BL/6 mice were fed diets fortified with cocoa butter, sal stearin (SAL), palm mid fraction (PMF) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOS). Thesn-1, 3 positions were varied by 16 : 0, 18 : 0 and 18 : 1, whilst thesn-2 position was preserved with 18 : 1. The HOS-enriched diet was found to lead to the highest fat deposition. This was in accordance with our previous postulation. Upon normalisation of total fat deposited with food intake to obtain the fat:feed ratio, interestingly, mice fed the SAL-enriched diet exhibited significantly lower visceral fat/feed and total fat/feed compared with those fed the PMF-enriched diet, despite their similarity in SFA–unsaturated fatty acid–SFA profile. That long-chain SFA atsn-1, 3 positions concomitantly with an unsaturated FA at thesn-2 position exert an obesity-reducing effect was further validated. The present study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that SFA of different chain lengths atsn-1, 3 positions exert profound effects on fat accretion.
R&D Spillover Effects and Firm Performance Following R&D Increases
Authors: Chen Sheng-Syan , Chen Yan-Shing , Liang Woan-lih , Wang Yanzhi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examine how research and development (R&D) incoming spillovers affect long-run firm performance following firms’ R&D increases. We use a stochastic frontier production method to capture R&D incoming spillover effects. Firms reaping more benefits from R&D investment made by other firms experience more improvement in profitability and more favorable long-run stock performance in the post-R&D-increase period. Firms with higher levels of R&D incoming spillovers recruit more key employees from other firms, suggesting that obtaining know-how through hiring is an important source of incoming spillovers. The evidence also shows that firms experiencing more R&D outgoing spillover effects tend to underinvest in R&D.
Exploring causal pathways of child behavior and maternal mental health in families with a child with congenital heart disease: a longitudinal study
Authors: Landolt M. A. , Ystrom E. , Stene-Larsen K. , Holmstrøm H. , Vollrath M. E. 
Published: November 2013

Background.A congenital heart defect (CHD) can increase the risk of mental health problems in affected children and their parents. The extent to which risk factors for these problems are shared in families or are specific to the individual family member is unclear.Method.Prospective data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa; n = 93 009) were linked with a nationwide CHD registry, and 408 children with CHD were identified. Mothers' reports on child internalizing problems and their own distress were assessed by questionnaires at child ages 6, 18 and 36 months. A structural model was applied to distinguish between familial (shared) factors and individual-specific factors for mental health problems.Results.CHD was a substantial risk factor for problems in children and their mothers at all time points. CHD contributed on average 31% and 39% to the variance in children's and mothers' problems respectively. Both shared familial and individual-specific factors unique to CHD families contributed to risk for mental health problems. Whereas individual-specific risk factors contributed to the stability of problems in mothers, the effect of these factors lasted only a short time in children. Mutual influences over time were found between the mother's and the child's mental health at 18 and 36 months.Conclusions.The burden of CHD in a child is shared between family members but is also specific to the individual. This study points to a need for both an individual and a family-based approach to provide psychological support to children with CHD and their parents.
Ageing and the Galenic tradition: a brief overview
Authors: GILLEARD CHRIS 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAgeing and longevity have been central to the concerns of Western natural philosophy since their origins in Classical Greece. Greek medicine formulated the idea that the humours constituted the physiological basis of all living beings. Hippocrates identified these as blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile. Several hundred years later, Galen elaborated this Hippocratic doctrine, formulating the outlines of a theory of ageing and a regime to maintain health in old age. Formalised in Alexandria, the Galenic canon was later revised and expanded by physicians and philosophers from the Islamic world. The result was a theoretical superstructure linking together the humours, the elements (air, earth, fire and water) and the four qualities (heat, coldness, moisture and dryness) that constituted the basis of life, its development, decline and end. This ‘superstructure’ was further refined and revised during the Middle Ages, providing the theoretical basis for regimes for living well in later life that were written and published during the Renaissance. Although the ‘scientific revolution’ of the 17th century challenged Galenic medicine, many aspects of it survived into the modern period. This paper reviews the rise and demise of this tradition while also recognising that through much of this period other, more controversial approaches to the problems of ageing were espoused. In concluding, continuing points of contact with contemporary gerontological theory are emphasised.
ACT-R-typed human–robot collaboration mechanism for elderly and disabled assistance
Authors: Xu Shuo , Tu Dawei , He Yongyi , Tan Shili , Fang Minglun 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis work aims to propose an innovative mechanism of human–robot collaboration (HRC) for mobile service robots in the application of elderly and disabled assistance. Previous studies on HRC mechanism usually focused on integrating decision-making intelligence of human beings by qualitative judgment and reasoning intelligence of robots by quantitative calculation. Instead, novelties of the proposed methodology include (1) constructing an HRC framework by taking reference from the Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational (ACT-R) human cognitive architecture; (2) establishing semantic webs of cognitive reasoning through human–robot interaction (HRI) and HRC to plan and implement complex tasks; and (3) realizing human–robot intelligence fusion by mutual encouragement, connect, and integration of modules of human, robot, perception, HRI, and HRC in the ACT-R architecture. Its technical feasibility is validated by some selected experiments within a “pouring” scenario. Further, although this study is oriented to mobile service robots, the modularized design of hardware and software makes its extensive use feasible in other types of service robots like smart rehabilitation beds, wheelchairs, and cleaning equipments.
Linguistic Landscapes in a Multilingual World
Authors: Gorter Durk 
Published: November 2013

This article offers an overview of the main developments in the field of linguistic landscape studies. A large number of research projects and publications indicate an increasing interest in applied linguistics in the use of written texts in urban spaces, especially in bilingual and multilingual settings. The article looks into some of the pioneer studies that helped open up this line of research and summarizes some of the studies that created the springboard for its rapid expansion in recent years. The focus is on current research (from 2007 onward), including studies that illustrate main theoretical approaches and methodological development as key issues of the expanding field, in particular when applied in settings of societal multilingualism.Publications on the linguistic landscape cover a wide range of innovative theoretical and empirical studies that deal with issues related to multilingualism, literacy, multimodality, language policy, linguistic diversity, and minority languages, among others. The article shows some examples of the use of the linguistic landscape as a research tool and a data source to address a number of issues in multilingualism. The article also explores some possible future directions. Overall, the various emerging perspectives in linguistic landscape research can deepen our understanding of languages in urban spaces, language users, and societal multilingualism in general.
Current Issues in Multilingual First Language Acquisition
Authors: Unsworth Sharon 
Published: November 2013

Multilingual first language acquisition refers to the language development of children exposed to two or more languages from birth or shortly thereafter. Much of the research on this topic adopts a comparative approach. Bilinguals are thus compared with their monolingual peers, and trilinguals with both bilinguals and monolinguals; within children, comparisons are made between a child's two (or more) languages, and between different domains within those languages. The goal of such comparisons is to determine the extent to which language development proceeds along similar paths and/or at a similar rate across groups, languages, and domains, in order to elaborate upon the question of whether these different groups acquire language in the same way, and to evaluate how language development in multilingual settings is influenced by environmental factors. The answers to these questions have both theoretical and practical implications.The goal of this article is to discuss the results of some of this recent research on multilingual first language acquisition by reviewing (a) properties of the developing linguistic system in a variety of linguistic domains and (b) some of the characteristics of multilingual first language acquisition that have attracted attention over the past five years, including cross-linguistic influence, dominance, and input quantity/quality. Trilingual first language acquisition is covered in a dedicated section.
Distribution and risk factors ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection in England: an epidemiological study using electronic health records from sexually transmitted infection clinics, 2009–2011
Authors: MITCHELL H. D. , LEWIS D. A. , MARSH K. , HUGHES G. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYWe used data from the Genitourinary Medicine Clinic Activity Dataset (GUMCAD) over a 3-year period (2009–2011) to investigate the distribution and risk factors ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection in England. Socio-demographic and clinical risk factors associated with a diagnosis ofT. vaginaliswere explored using multivariable logistic regression. Rates ofT. vaginalisinfection were highest in London and the West Midlands. For men and women,T. vaginalisinfection was significantly associated with: older age compared to those aged 20–24 years, non-white ethnicity (in particular black Caribbean and black ‘other’ ethnic groups), and birth in the Caribbeanvs. birth in the UK. Current gonorrhoea or chlamydia infection was associated with a diagnosis ofT. vaginalisin women. Further research is required to assess the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing targeted screening for women at high risk of infection in areas of higher prevalence.
Linear Index Coding via Semidefinite Programming
Authors: CHLAMTÁČ EDEN , HAVIV ISHAY 
Published: November 2013

In theindex codingproblem, introduced by Birk and Kol (INFOCOM, 1998), the goal is to broadcast ann-bit word tonreceivers (one bit per receiver), where the receivers haveside informationrepresented by a graphG. The objective is to minimize the length of a codeword sent to all receivers which allows each receiver to learn its bit. Forlinearindex coding, the minimum possible length is known to be equal to a graph parameter calledminrank(Bar-Yossef, Birk, Jayram and Kol,IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 2011).We show a polynomial-time algorithm that, given ann-vertex graphGwith minrankk, finds a linear index code forGof lengthÕ(nf(k)), wheref(k) depends only onk. For example, fork= 3 we obtainf(3) ≈ 0.2574. Our algorithm employs a semidefinite program (SDP) introduced by Karger, Motwani and Sudan for graph colouring (J. Assoc. Comput. Mach., 1998) and its refined analysis due to Arora, Chlamtac and Charikar (STOC, 2006). Since the SDP we use is not a relaxation of the minimization problem we consider, a crucial component of our analysis is anupper boundon the objective value of the SDP in terms of the minrank.At the heart of our analysis lies a combinatorial result which may be of independent interest. Namely, we show an exact expression for the maximum possible value of the Lovász ϑ-function of a graph with minrankk. This yields a tight gap between two classical upper bounds on the Shannon capacity of a graph.
Site Percolation on thed-Dimensional Hamming Torus
Authors: SIVAKOFF DAVID 
Published: November 2013

Thed-dimensional Hamming torus is the graph whose vertices are all of the integer points inside ana1n×a2n× ⋅⋅⋅ ×adnbox in$\mathbb{R}^d$(for constantsa1, . . .,ad> 0), and whose edges connect all vertices within Hamming distance one. We study the size of the largest connected component of the subgraph generated by independently removing each vertex of the Hamming torus with probability 1 −p. We show that ifp= λ/n, then there exists λc> 0, which is the positive root of a degreedpolynomial whose coefficients depend ona1, . . .,ad, such that for λ < λcthe largest component hasO(logn) vertices (w.h.p. asn→ ∞), and for λ > λcthe largest component has$(1-q) \lambda \bigl(\prod_i a_i \bigr) n^{d-1} + o (n^{d-1})$vertices and the second largest component hasO(logn) vertices w.h.p. An implicit formula forq< 1 is also given. The value of λcthat we find is distinct from the critical value for the emergence of a giant component in bond percolation on the Hamming torus.
A 10-W S-band class-B GaN amplifier with a dynamic gate bias circuit for linearity enhancement
Authors: Medrel Pierre , Martin Audrey , Reveyrand Tibault , Neveux Guillaume , Barataud Denis , Bouysse Philippe , Nébus Jean-Michel , Lapierre Luc , Villemazet Jean-François 
Published: November 2013

In the present paper, we present a dynamic gate biasing technique applied to a 10 W, S-band GaN amplifier. The proposed methodology addresses class-B operation of power amplifiers that offers the potential for high efficiency but requires a careful attention to maintain good linearity performances at large output power back-off. This work proposes a solution to improve the linearity of class-B amplifiers driven by radio frequency-modulated signals having large peak to average power ratios. An important aspect of this work concerns the characterization of the dynamic behavior of GaN devices for gate bias trajectory optimization. For that purpose, the experimental study reported here is based on the use of a time-domain envelope setup. A specific gate bias circuit has been designed and connected to a 10 W – 2.5 GHz GaN amplifier demo board from CREE. Compared to conventional class-B operation with a fixed gate bias, a 10-dB improvement in terms of third-order intermodulation is reached. When applied to the amplification of 16-QAM signals the proposed technique demonstrates significant ACPR reduction of order of 6 dB along with error vector magnitude (EVM) improvements of five points over 8 dB output power back-off with a minor impact on power-added efficiency performances.