bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foundational aspects of a multi-scale modeling framework for composite materials
Authors: Ghosh Somnath 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to provide an integrated computational materials science and engineering or ICMSE perspective on various aspects governing multi-scale analysis of composite materials. These include microstructural characterization, micromechanical analysis of microstructural regions, and bridging length scales through hierarchical modeling. The paper discusses methods of identifying representative volume elements or RVEs in the material microstructure using both morphology- and micromechanics-based methods. For microstructures with nonuniform distributions, a statistically equivalent RVE or SERVE is identified for developing homogenized properties under undamaged and damaging conditions. A particularly novel development is the introduction of SERVE boundary conditions based on the statistical distribution of heterogeneities in the domain exterior to the SERVE. A micromechanical model of the SERVE incorporating explicit damage mechanisms like interfacial debonding, and fiber and matrix damage is developed for crack propagation. Finally, a microstructural homogenization-based continuum damage mechanics (HCDM) model is developed that accounts for the microstructural distributions as well as the evolution of damage. The HCDM model-based simulations are able to provide both macroscopic and microscopic information on evolving damage and failure.
Wolność w refleksji przedstawicieli szkoły z Salamanki
Authors: Szlachta Bogdan 
Published: June 2015

Freedom in the Thought of the School of Salamanca
The article aims to provide an introduction to the understanding of the notion of freedom in the School of Salamanca. This school was active in Spain in sixteenth and seventeenth century. The major figures of the school include Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Martín de Azpilcueta, Francisco de Suárez. Though their members were Dominican or Jesuit theologians, the School of Salamanca has an immense significance not only for theology, but also for political theory. The essay sheds light on one of the important aspects of the school’s thought, i.e. the problem of human freedom. The proper understanding of it presupposes acknowledging the profound difference between our contemporary notion of freedom which is based on the moral agent’s free activity and the notion of freedom developed within the school which conceives the moral agent in its relation to the species nature, i.e. the human nature, as well as in its relation to the Divine grace.
Complex Formation in Molten Salts Studied by Distribution Methods
Authors: Liljenzin J. O. , Reinhardt H. , Wirries Η. , Lindner R. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The distribution of cobalt between eutectic melts of K-Li-NO3 with varying chloride concentration and suspended grains of γ-Al2O3 at 160° C was measured using Co-60 as tracer. By an iteration method of evaluation, the stability constants were determined for the following complexes:
CoCl+: ß1 = 13,0; CoCl2:ß
2 = 104; CoCl-
3:ß2 = 251.
Trägerfreies RaC durch Ionenaustausch
Authors: Gleu Karl , König Karl-Heinz , Hoyer Fritz 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Trägerfreies RaC (214Bi) wird aus Radiumlösungen isoliert, die durch Anionenaustausch an Nalcite WBR in 2n Salzsäure von allen Folgeprodukten befreit wurden. Nach etwa einem Monat haben sich die kurzlebigen Folgeprodukte nachgebildet, während die Endglieder, vom RaD angefangen, noch nicht vorhanden sind. Nach dem Verdrängen der Emanation wird das in solchen Lösungen frei vom RaD (210Pb) und vom isotopen RaE (210Bi) vorhandene RaC durch Kationenaustausch an Nalcite HCR in 0,5 n Salzsäure abgetrennt. Dabei wird das Radium quantitativ adsorbiert, während das RaC anionisch durch die Säule läuft. Das so dargestellte RaC ist mit weniger als 1 % RaB verunreinigt und völlig frei von Radium. Anschließende Elution des Kationenaustauschers mit 2 n Salzsäure liefert das RaB.
Ein Analysengang zur Identifizierung von Spaltprodukten in Regenwasser
Authors: Buchtela K. , Lesigang Margrit 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein Analysengang zum Nachweis einiger wichtiger Spaltprodukte (106Ru/106Rh, 99Mo, 144Ce, 96Zr/95Nb, 140Ba/140La, 90Sr und 131J) beschrieben. Er kann zur Untersuchung von Proben benützt werden, die größere Mengen inaktiven Materials enthalten. Er eignet sich also z. B. für die Untersuchung stark eisen- und calciumhaltiger Rückstände, die beim Eindampfen natürlicher Wässer (Regenwasser) erhalten werden. Die verwendeten Verfahren sind einfach und rasch ausführbar; die Trennungen erfolgen durch Fällung (mit isotopen und nichtisotopen Trägern) und Extraktion.
A Radiotracer Study of Cs+ and Cl- Deposition on Steels and Zircaloy-2 in Alkaline Water Systems
Authors: Hesford E. , Williams Miss J. , Walton G. N. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A radiotracer study was made of caesium and chloride ion deposition on mild steel, premagnetited mild steel, stainless steel and zircaloy-2 specimens under oxidising conditions at room temperature and oxygenfree conditions at room temperature and 60° C. The results show that under any of the conditions examined uptake on stainless steel and zircaloy is low. With mild steel uptake is only low when the surface is premagnetited, and exposed to deoxygenated water at elevated temperatures. Results for anion deposition are interpreted with reference to the electrode potentials of the surfaces. Cation deposition is unrelated to electrode potentials and appears to be associated with the hydrous character of the oxide film.
Half-Life Determination of 220Rn
Authors: Gindler J. E. , Engelkemeir D.W. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The half-life of 220Rn has been measured by a new technique. Radon atoms were embedded firmly in stainless steel plates by the collection in vacuum of recoiling atoms from a thin source of 224Ra. The activity on these plates was counted in a proportional counter using a 400-channel analyzer as a multiscaler. The average half-life obtained for eleven determinations was 55.3 ± 0.3 seconds. A discussion of some of the errors possible in the various methods of measuring the radon half-life is presented.
Rapid Radiochemical Separations
Authors: Malan H. P. , Münzel H. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The rapid chemical separation of europium from neighbouring lanthanides was investigated. Details are given of a procedure by means of which europium has been separated in about 50% yield from irradiated samarium targets within one minute. The separation factor with respect to samarium is about 102, and with respect to other lanthanides one to several orders of magnitude greater.
Gleichzeitige Bestimmung von 3H und 14C im Proportionalzählrohr
Authors: Jordan P. , Lykourézos Ph. A. P. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es wird eine Proportionalzählrohr-Meßmethode beschrieben, die eine gleichzeitige Bestimmung der Radioaktivitäten von 3H und 14C ermöglicht.
A New Nuclide: 52Ti
Authors: Facetti J. , Flegenheimer J. , Trabal E. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

52Ti was produced in a reactor by neutron irradiation of Li2TiF6. Lithium enriched in 6Li was used to prepare the compound. The half-life is 49 ± 3 min. The mass number could be established by identification of 52V as the daughter product. The half-life was confirmed by periodic milking of 52V. Chemical procedures used for the preparation of Li2TiF6, the purification of 52Ti and the milking of 52V are described.
The Extraction of Molybdenum into Acetylacetone and its Use in the Analysis of Fission Products
Authors: Fritze K. 
Published: June 2015

Summar
y We investigated the extraction of molybdenum into acetylacetone as a function of pH value, for the anions SO4
2-, NO3-, and CI-. From the results we derived prescriptions for the separation of molybdenum from mixtures of fission products.
Influence of soil fertility on waterlogging tolerance of two Brachiaria grasses
Authors: Jiménez Juan De la Cruz , Cardoso Juan Andrés , Arango-Londoño David , Fischer Gerhard , Rao Idupulapati 
Published: June 2015

As a consequence of global warming, rainfall is expected to increase in several regions around the world. This, together with poor soil drainage, will result in waterlogged soil conditions. <em>Brachiaria</em> grasses are widely sown in the tropics and, these grasses confront seasonal waterlogged conditions. Several studies have indicated that an increase in nutrient availability could reduce the negative impact of waterlogging. Therefore, an outdoor study was conducted to evaluate the responses of two <em>Brachiaria</em> sp. grasses with contrasting tolerances to waterlogging, <em>B. ruziziensis </em>(sensitive) and <em>B. humidicola</em> (tolerant), with two soil fertility levels. The genotypes were grown with two different soil fertilization levels (high and low) and under well-drained or waterlogged soil conditions for 15 days. The biomass production, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) contents in the shoot tissue were determined. Significant differences in the nutrient content of the genotypes and treatments were found. An increase of redoximorphic elements (Fe and Mn) in the soil solution occurred with the waterlogging. The greater tolerance of <em>B. humidicola</em> to waterlogged conditions might be due to an efficient root system that is able to acquire nutrients (N, P, K) and potentially exclude phytotoxic elements (Fe and Mn) under waterlogged conditions. A high nutrient availability in the waterlogged soils did not result in an improved tolerance for <em>B. ruziziensis</em>. The greater growth impairment seen in the <em>B. ruziziensis</em> with high soil fertility and waterlogging (as opposed to low soil fertility and waterlogging) was possibly due to an increased concentration of redoximorphic elements under these conditions.
“Updating” language teachers: Educators, techno-educator, edurectors?
Authors: Lombardi Ivan 
Published: June 2015

In training courses, trainees and language teachers are mostly concerned about how to harness meaningfully the educational value of ICTs. They do not distrust their potential per se, but said they ask for a formula to capitalize efficiently on technological resources. European documents and guidelines have already encouraged to integrate media education into language teacher training curricula; the profile of the language educator, in fact, also involves a targeted education to technologies, and not just through technologies: the language educator should become a techno-educator for colleagues and, most of all, learners. Ideally, the figure of the language teacher is becoming more and more multi-faceted: he or she (as recent literature suggests) has to be able to “perform” as an educator, a techno-educator, a facilitator, a tutor. Can the edurector (a blend of “educator” and “director”) metaphor help to outline a new and more easily achievable profile?
Morphological aspects of blister aneurysms and nuances for surgical treatment
Authors: Bojanowski Michel W. , Weil Alexander G. , McLaughlin Nancy , Chaalala Chiraz , Magro Elsa , Fournier Jean-Yves 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
Blister aneurysms of the supraclinoid part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are known for their high morbidity and mortality rates related to treatment, regardless of whether the treatment is surgical or endovascular. However, this grim prognosis is based on results that indiscriminately group all blister aneurysms together without taking into account the heterogeneous appearance of these lesions. The goal of this study was 2-fold: to determine whether different blister aneurysm morphologies present different pitfalls, which would then require different surgical strategies, as well as to determine whether there are identifiable subgroups of these types of aneurysms based on morphology.

METHODS
The authors reviewed the charts, cerebral catheter angiograms, surgical reports, and intraoperative videos of all ICA blister aneurysms treated surgically at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal from 2005 to 2012 to investigate whether there was a relationship between morphology and pitfalls, and whether different surgical strategies had been used according to these pitfalls. During this review process the authors noted 4 distinct morphological aspects. These 4 aspects led to a review of the English and French literature on blister aneurysms in which imaging was available, to determine whether other cases could also be classified into the same 4 subgroups based on these morphological aspects.

RESULTS
The retrospective review of the authors’ series of 10 patients allowed a division into 4 distinct subtypes: Type I (classic), Type II (berry-like), Type III (longitudinal), and Type IV (circumferential). These subtypes may at times be progressive stages in the arterial anomaly, and could represent a continuum. Each subtype described in this paper presented its own pitfalls and required specific surgical adaptations. Upon reviewing the literature the authors retained 35 studies involving a total of 61 cases of blister aneurysms, and all cases were able to be classified into 1 of these 4 distinct subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS
Although they share some common characteristics, blister aneurysms may be divided into distinct subtypes, suggestive of a continuum. Such a classification with a detailed description of each type of blister aneurysm would allow for better recognition to anticipate complications during intervention and better assess the different treatment strategies according to the subtypes.
Pourquoi Wesley ? Wesley pour quoi ?
Authors: Cottret Bernard 
Published: June 2015

L’histoire du protestantisme a longtemps eu tendance à valoriser à juste titre le xvi e siècle, comme étant le siècle de la Réforme par excellence. Dans son Histoire de la Réforme protestante parue il y a quelques années, Bernard Cottret * a choisi d’ajouter le nom de John Wesley à ceux, prévisibles, de Luther et Calvin. Cela renvoyait à un choix historiographique déterminé : les phénomènes de Réveil, que l’on trouve en Grande-Bretagne, en Amérique ou dans la France du xix e siècle et au-delà ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la constitution d’une identité protestante actuelle, alors même que le nom de Wesley est inconnu ou pour le moins largement méconnu en France, à l’exception de certains milieux protestants.
Revue de divers aspects liés à la stabilité géotechnique des ouvrages de retenue de résidus miniers: Partie II – Analyse et conception
Authors: Aubertin Michel , James M. , Mbonimpa M. , Bussière Bruno , Chapuis R.P. 
Published: June 2015

Tailings dikes are still prone to relatively frequent failures due to geotechnical instability. The general problem related to stability of such retaining works has been presented in part I. In this part II, the main factors that affect the stability of dikes are reviewed. Typical tools used to analyse the behavior of these engineering works are described, with an emphasis on the effects of critical events such as large precipitations and earthquakes. The article also discusses new avenues that help control the problems, including the use of waste rock inclusions in the tailings impoundment.
Les digues des parcs à résidus miniers sont, encore aujourd’hui, sujettes à des défaillances relativement fréquentes suite à des instabilités géotechniques. La problématique générale liée à la stabilité de ces ouvrages de retenue a été présentée dans la partie I. Dans cette partie II, on revoit les principaux facteurs qui affectent la stabilité des digues. Les outils typiquement utilisés pour analyser le comportement des ouvrages sont décrits, en mettant l’emphase sur l’effet des événements critiques comme les pluies abondantes et les séismes. L’article discute aussi de nouvelles avenues pour aider à contrôler certains problèmes, incluant l’utilisation d’inclusions de roches stériles dans les parcs à résidus miniers.
Droit et politique des déchets industriels analyse comparative de six stratégies nationales en Europe
Authors: Serge Galaup , Baudoin Christine 
Published: June 2015

Cette analyse comparative de six stratégies nationales (Allemagne, Belgique, Espagne, France, Italie, Luxembourg) « droit et politique des déchets industriels » dans des pays de l'union européenne est le fruit d'une collaboration de 3 intervenants du secteur de l'environnement :- Polytems Conseil dont le département environnement et stratégies est le spécialiste de la communication dédiée aux déchets, à l'environnement industriel, la sécurité, la santé ... et membre fondateur du réseau Ecu (European Communications Unit),- Chaney Connor Lemetais & Associés, cabinet d'avocats d'affaires appelé à intervenir régulièrement dans le domaine du droit de l'environnement, membre du réseau international Pannone Law Group,- Tredi : leader français du traitement des déchets industriels spéciaux difficiles.
The comparative analysis of six national waste strategies (Germany, Belgium, Spain, France, ltaly, Luxembourg) « law and policy of industrial waste » in EU countries is the result of a collaboration between 3 major participants of the environmental sector:- Polytems Consultant, whose environment and strategies department specializes in communication concerning wastes, industrial environment, security, health ... and founder member of the ECU network (European Communications Unit),- Chaney Connor Lemetais & Associated, a business lawyers'practice that regularly intervenes in the field of environmental law and member of the international network Pannone Law Group,- Tredi, a french leader of difficult industrial special waste processing.
Première approche du contrôle industriel de la composition de résidus fortement hétérogènes, issus du broyage des automobiles et autres biens de consommation
Authors: Correc Y. , Kassamaly A. , Froelich D. 
Published: June 2015

At the present time, end of life vehicles and white goods are shredded in order to sort metals. Plastics, glass and others materials mixed with metallic dust and minerals are going to landfill. ln order to reduce residues dumping, the today solutions are mainly based on energy recovery and probably based in the future on material recycling after sorting. To implement energy valorisation networks, Renault has developped sampling and fast analysis methods wich allow to control the quality of residue before combustion. The objective is to get a fast operative procedure wich be able to compare the quality of residue to the list of requirements of the user's furnace. Firstable, a sampling procedure has been elaborated from GY's theories on minerals. This approach gives acceptable results for metallic and organics species. An analysis method based on X Fluorescence for metals and on oxygen bomb for chlorine has been then developed and gives acceptable results for a daily control.
A ce jour, les véhicules et les biens de consommation arrivant en fin de vie sont broyés afin d'extraire les métaux. Les autres matériaux (plastiques, verre,...) se retrouvent mélangés à d'éventuelles poussières métalliques et terre. Les solutions développées pour réduire la mise en décharge de ces résidus sont essentiellement la valorisation énergétique et à terme le recyclage des matériaux après un tri préalable. Afin de développer les filières de valorisation énergétique, Renault a mis en place une procédure d'échantillonnage et d'analyse rapide des résidus qui permet de contrôler leur qualité des résidus avant enfournement. L'objectif étant d'avoir une procédure rapide qui permette de situer la qualité du résidu par rapport au cahier des charges d'entrée des fours des utilisateurs. Une procédure d'échantillonnage a d'abord été élaborée en partant des travaux de GY sur les minéraux. Cette méthode donne des résultats satisfaisants pour les espèces métalliques ou organiques recherchées. Une méthode d'analyse par Fluorescence X pour les métaux et par bombe à oxygène pour le chlore a également été mise au point et donne des résultats satisfaisants pour des contrôles de routine.
Recyclage du poly (éthylène téréphtalate) par glycolyse
Authors: Sideris André , Pietrasanta Yves 
Published: June 2015

Treatment of bottles and fibers wastes, by alcoholysis, contribute to the development of environnemental processes. Depolymerization of polyethylene terephtalate by glycolysis in homogeneous phase (naphtalene as solvent) is studied, using different catalysts. Low molecular weight glycolysis products are quickly obtained with tetrabutylorthotitanate. These products are suitable for fabrication of raw materials in the plastics industries.
Le traitement des bouteilles et des résidus de fibres en PET, par alcoolyse, contribue au processus de la protection de l'environnement. Nous étudions la dépolymérisation du poly (éthylène téréphtalate) par glycolyse en phase homogène en utilisant le naphtalène comme solvant, avec différents catalyseurs. Nous obtenons rapidement des produits glycolysés de bas poids moléculaires, avec l'orthotitanate de butyle. Ces produits servent de matières premières dans l'industrie des plastiques.
Valorisation des rejets miniers du district Pb-Zn de Touissit-Boubker (région orientale-Maroc)
Authors: Argane Rabei , Benzaazoua Mostafa , Bouamrane Ahmed , Hakkou Rachid 
Published: June 2015

In Morocco, several mine sites were abandoned after closure without any rehabilitation plan. These sites are characterized by the presence of significant tailings volumes, which has produced significant environmental impacts. The objective of this research is to study the use of mine tailings, sourced from the abandoned Pb-Zn district of Touissit-Boubker (Morocco), as aggregates for surface finishing mortars. The study consist firstly of a fine physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of mine tailings, followed by an evaluation of tailings-based mortars mechanical properties. The pollution potential of the tailings based mortars was also assessed in this study. The results show that mine tailings are characterized by the presence of high fine content and significant concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. The use of tailings as aggregate produces a significant increase in the amount of water needed for mixing mortars as well as a decrease in mechanical strength. The dissolution of Pb and Zn in tailings-based mortars is very limited.
Au Maroc, aucun dispositif n’a été mis en place pour gérer l’abandon des anciens sites miniers. Ces derniers sont caractérisés par la persistance d’immenses tonnages de résidus miniers dont la nocivité est à l’origine, dans de nombreux cas, d’importants impacts environnementaux. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’étudier la faisabilité de valorisation des rejets abandonnés du district minier Pb-Zn de Touissit-Boubker (Maroc) comme granulats fins pour mortier de finition. L’étude consiste d’abord en une caractérisation des propriétés physiques, chimiques et minéralogiques des rejets, suivie d’une évaluation des propriétés mécaniques des mortiers confectionnés. L’étude comporte aussi une évaluation du potentiel polluant des mortiers à base de ce type de rejets. Les résultats ont mis en évidence la présence d’une grande proportion de particules fines (< 63µm) et des concentrations élevées en As, Cu, Cd, Pb et Zn dans les rejets miniers. Il a été observé que l’utilisation des rejets miniers comme agrégats, pour la confection de mortiers, engendre une importante augmentation de la demande en eau nécessaire au gâchage ainsi qu’une diminution significative des résistances mécaniques en particulier à court terme. Toutefois, la stabilisation des rejets miniers dans la matrice cimentaire est effective puisque la dissolution du Pb et du Zn s’avère très limitée.