bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision public health, the key for future outbreak management: A scoping review
Authors: Rajendran Ellappa Ghanthan , Mohd Hairi Farizah , Krishna Supramaniam Rama , T Mohd Tengku Amatullah Madeehah 
Published: August 2024

Background Precision Public Health (PPH) is a newly emerging field in public health medicine. The application of various types of data allows PPH to deliver more tailored interventions to a specific population within a specific timeframe. However, the application of PPH possesses several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. Objective We aim to provide evidence of the various use of PPH in outbreak management, the types of data that could be used in PPH application, and the limitations and barriers in the application of the PPH approach. Methods and analysis Articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Our selection of articles was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for Scoping Review guidelines. The outcome of the evidence assessment was presented in narrative format instead of quantitative. Results A total of 27 articles were included in the scoping review. Most of the articles (74.1%) focused on PPH applications in performing disease surveillance and signal detection. Furthermore, the data type mostly used in the studies was surveillance (51.9%), environment (44.4), and Internet query data. Most of the articles emphasized data quality and availability (81.5%) as the main barriers in PPH applications followed by data integration and interoperability (29.6%). Conclusions PPH applications in outbreak management utilize a wide range of data sources and analytical techniques to enhance disease surveillance, investigation, modeling, and prediction. By leveraging these tools and approaches, PPH contributes to more effective and efficient outbreak management, ultimately reducing the burden of infectious diseases on populations. The limitation and challenges in the application of PPH approaches in outbreak management emphasize the need to strengthen the surveillance systems, promote data sharing and collaboration among relevant stakeholders, and standardize data collection methods while upholding privacy and ethical principles.
Effect of Paravertebral Muscle Degeneration on Lumbar and Pelvic Sagittal Alignment in Patients With Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Liu Linyan , Jiang Zehua , Fu Xuanhao , Cheng Yuelin , Feng Sa , Zhou Mengmeng , Zhao Xinyan , Zhu Rusen 
Published: August 2024

Study Design Retrospective study. Objectives To explore the relationship between lumbar spine muscle mass and lumbar pelvic sagittal parameters in patients with degenerative scoliosis. Methods This study included ADS patients who were treated in our hospital from 2019 to 2023. The spinal parameters were evaluated through X-rays, and the relative muscle volume (RMV) and fat infiltration (FI) were measured through three-dimensional reconstruction. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on SRS-Schwab sagittal balance correction (0, +, ++), and into 3 groups based on GAP score (proportioned, moderately dis-proportioned, severely dis-proportioned). Finally, patients were classified into low-quality and high-quality groups based on the FI of Paraspinal muscles (PSM). Results The study included a total of 63 patients. Significant statistical differences were observed in the FI and RMV of MF, ES and PS among patients classified by SRS-Schwab PT classification. Additionally, significant statistical differences were found in the RMV of MF and PS among patients classified by SRS-Schwab PI-LL classification and GAP score. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the FI and RMV of PSM and lumbopelvic sagittal parameters. The ordinal regression model analysis revealed that FI of ES significantly impacted PT imbalance, while RMV of MF significantly impacted PI-LL imbalance. Moreover, significant differences were noted in PT and PI between the low-quality and high-quality multifidus groups. Conclusions As sagittal imbalance worsens, PSM degeneration also intensifies, primarily characterized by an increase in FI and a decrease in RMV. Notably, PT and PI-LL are positively correlated with RMV and negatively correlated with FI.
Adiponectin, Interleukin-18 (IL-18), and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Filipino Americans: Biomarkers and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gallegos Julian L. , Taylor-Piliae Ruth E. , Pace Thaddeus W. W. , Gallek Matthew J. , Ritter Leslie 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Filipino Americans (FAs) are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes despite other Asian phenotypes. Evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) and anti-inflammatory adiponectin biomarkers associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may explain this risk. Objectives This study aimed to quantify the biomarkers in relation to standard ranges of VAT or typical circulating concentration ranges reported in the literature of IL-18 and adiponectin, examine relationships of these markers, and determine if they were different among those participants without diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to enroll FAs without diabetes, prediabetes, or diabetes. VAT was measured using the InBody 570© Body Composition Analyzer. Blood samples were obtained to assess plasma concentrations of IL-18 and adiponectin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All analyses were conducted using a 5% type I error rate. Mean ±SD and percentages were used to describe the sample and data where appropriate. Pearson's correlations (R) were calculated to determine the relationships between VAT and IL-18 in each group. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in VAT, IL-18, and adiponectin among groups. Further, nonparametric procedures examined the differences in adiponectin among those within groups. Results Seventy-five participants were enrolled. Biomarkers above the typical concentration range were observed for VAT, IL-18, and adiponectin. Adiponectin significantly differed among groups with lower values in the diabetes group vs. the nondiabetes group. Conclusions The findings indicate that while inflammation-related biomarkers, such as adiponectin, correlate with VAT and may serve as indicators of increased risk of type 2 diabetes in FAs, correlation alone does not establish causality.
The Active External Rotation Sign: A Physical Exam Technique for Detecting Posterolateral Corner Injury in Chronic Multiligament Knee Injuries
Authors: Levitt Sarah J. , Zazulak Bohdanna , Green Joshua S. , Medvecky Michael J. 
Published: August 2024

Background: The posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee comprises important static and dynamic stabilizers, including the lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, biceps femoris tendon, the popliteofibular ligament, and the posterolateral capsule. These structures are disrupted in many knee injuries, yet may be overlooked due to the complex anatomy, subjective clinical diagnostic exams, and poorly defined imaging techniques. Complete PLC lesions rarely heal with non-operative treatment, and can lead to significant instability and poor outcomes, and are therefore most successfully treated surgically. Indications: A thorough physical examination and a high index of suspicion is necessary when evaluating the knee to identify these occult injuries. Current physical exam testing for PLC injuries typically includes side to side comparisons of the varus stress test, dial test, and heel-to-table distance. However, these injuries continue to be under-diagnosed as global clinical consensus for PLC injury identification remains elusive. Technique Description: In these videos, we show the “active external rotation sign” where chronic posterior cruciate ligament-PLC deficient patients are positioned in 90° of knee flexion and are instructed to actively contract their hamstrings. Verbal cues given to the patient include “contract your hamstrings” and “dig the back of your heel into the ground.” This can result in dynamic external rotation of the tibia with simultaneous posterior tibial translation on the femur. The biceps femoris pulls on the fibula and without the PLC to stabilize the knee, tibiofibular external rotation and posterior translation occurs. The biomechanics are similar to the dial test, but this detection tool utilizes active motion instead of passive motion, and presents with this abnormal and asymmetric knee motion. Results: The purpose of this presentation is to describe and demonstrate an important clinical sign that may be seen with chronic PLC injuries and that may be used as a new test for diagnosis. Discussion/Conclusion: Detection of PLC injuries with the active external rotation sign may assist in the clinical detection of incompetent PLC function, which can put cruciate reconstruction surgery at risk of failure if not simultaneously addressed. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Targeting microbial pathogenic mechanisms as a novel therapeutic strategy in IBD
Authors: Miller Paul F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Current therapy for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is focused on inflammatory mechanisms exclusively and not the dysbiotic microbiota, despite growing evidence implicating a role for intestinal microbes in disease.

Main body
Ongoing research into the intestinal microbiota of IBD patients, using new technologies and/or deeper application of existing ones, has identified a number of microorganisms whose properties and behaviors warrant consideration as causative factors in disease. Such studies have implicated both bacteria and fungi in the pathogenesis of disease. Some of these organisms manifest mechanisms that should be amenable to therapeutic intervention via either conventional or novel drug discovery platforms. Of particular note is a deeper characterization of microbial derived proteases and their destructive potential.

Conclusion
Given the steady progress on the mechanistic role of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases, it is reasonable to anticipate a future in which therapeutics targeting microbial derived pathogenic factors play an important role in improving the lives of IBD patients.
Outcomes and relevance of emergency percutaneous coronary angiography and intervention after resuscitated cardiac arrest: a retrospective study
Authors: Bourlond Baudouin , Dupré Marion , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Liaudet Lucas , Eeckhout Eric 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
In patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest and displaying no ST-segment elevation on initial electrocardiogram (ECG), recent randomized trials indicated no benefits from early coronary angiography. How the results of such randomized studies apply to a real-world clinical context remains to be established.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a clinical database including all patients 18 yo or older admitted to our tertiary University Hospital from January 2017 to August 2020 after successful resuscitation of out-of-Hospital (OHCA) or In-Hospital (IHCA) cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac origin, and undergoing immediate coronary angiography, regardless of the initial rhythm and post-resuscitation ECG. The primary outcome of the study was survival at day 90 after cardiac arrest. Demographic data, characteristics of cardiac arrest, duration of resuscitation, laboratory values at admission, angiographic data and revascularization status were collected. Comparisons were performed according to the initial ECG (ST-segment elevation or not), and between survivors and non-survivors. Variables associated with the primary outcome were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Results
We analyzed 147 patients (130 OHCA and 17 IHCA), including 67 with STEMI and 80 without STEMI (No STEMI). Immediate revascularization was performed in 65/67 (97%) STEMI and 15/80 (19%) no STEMI. Day 90 survival was significantly higher in STEMI (48/67, 72%) than no STEMI (44/80, 55%). In the latter patients, survival was not influenced by the revascularization status. In univariate and multivariate analyses, lower age, a shockable rhythm, shorter durations of no flow and low flow, and a lower initial blood lactate were associated with survival in both STEMI and no STEMI. In contrast, metabolic abnormalities, including lower initial plasma sodium and higher potassium were significantly associated with mortality only in the subgroup of no STEMI patients.

Conclusions
Our results, obtained in a real-world clinical setting, indicate that an immediate coronary angiography is not associated with any survival advantage in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac etiology without ST-segment elevation on initial ECG. Furthermore, we found that some early metabolic abnormalities may be associated with mortality in this population, which should deserve further investigation.
Clinical and safety outcomes of BeEAM (Bendamustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, Melphalan) versus CEM (Carboplatin, Etoposide, Melphalan) in lymphoma patients as a conditioning regimen before autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Eltelbanei Mohamed A. , El-Bassiouny Noha A. , Abdalla Mahmoud Salah , Khalaf Mohamed , Werida Rehab H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a pivotal treatment for lymphoma patients. The BeEAM regimen (Bendamustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, Melphalan) traditionally relies on cryopreservation, whereas the CEM regimen (Carboplatin, Etoposide, Melphalan) has been optimized for short-duration administration without the need for cryopreservation. This study rigorously compares the clinical and safety profiles of the BeEAM and CEM regimens.

Methods
A controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 58 lymphoma patients undergoing ASCT at the International Medical Center (IMC) in Cairo, Egypt. Patients were randomly assigned to either the BeEAM (n = 29) or CEM (n = 29) regimen, with an 18-month follow-up period. Clinical and safety outcomes were meticulously compared, focusing on time to engraftment for neutrophils and platelets, side effects, length of hospitalization, transplant-related mortality (TRM), and survival rates.

Results
The findings demonstrate a significant advantage for the CEM regimen. Neutrophil recovery was markedly faster in the CEM group, averaging 8.5 days compared to 14.5 days in the BeEAM group (p < 0.0001). Platelet recovery was similarly expedited, with 11 days in the CEM group versus 23 days in the BeEAM group (p < 0.0001). Hospitalization duration was substantially shorter for CEM patients, averaging 18.5 days compared to 30 days for those on BeEAM (p < 0.0001).
Furthermore, overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in the CEM group at 96.55% (95% CI: 84.91–99.44%) compared to 79.31% (95% CI: 63.11–89.75%) in the BeEAM group (p = 0.049). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also notably superior in the CEM group, at 86.21% (95% CI: 86.14–86.28%) versus 62.07% (95% CI: 61.94–62.20%) in the BeEAM group (p = 0.036).

Conclusion
The CEM regimen might demonstrate superiority over the BeEAM regimen, with faster neutrophil and platelet recovery, reduced hospitalization time, and significantly improved overall and progression-free survival rates. Future studies with longer duration and larger sample sizes are warranted.

Trial registration
This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the registration number NCT05813132 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05813132).
(The first submitted registration date: is March 16, 2023).
Altered somatosensory processing in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Frost-Karlsson Morgan , Capusan Andrea Johansson , Olausson Håkan , Boehme Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Tactile sensitivity and sensory overload in ADHD are well-documented in clinical-, self-, and parent- reports, but empirical evidence is scarce and ambiguous and focuses primarily on children. Here, we compare both empirical and self-report tactile sensitivity and ADHD symptomatology in adults with ADHD and neurotypical controls. We evaluate whether tactile sensitivity and integration is more prevalent in ADHD and whether it is related to ADHD symptom severity.

Methods
Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) amplitudes were measured in 27 adults with ADHD and 24 controls during four conditions (rest, stroking of the own arm, stroking of the arm by a researcher, and stroking of an object). Participants also filled out questionnaires on tactile sensitivity and ADHD symptoms and performed a Qb-test as an objective measure of ADHD symptom severity.

Results
Participants with ADHD self-reported greater tactile sensitivity and ADHD symptom severity than controls and received higher scores on the Qb-test. These values correlated with one another. ADHD participants showed lower tolerable threshold for electrical radial nerve stimulus, and greater reduction in cortical SEP amplitudes during additional tactile stimuli which was correlated with ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions
We find that ADHD symptomatology and touch sensitivity are directly linked, using both self-reports and experimental measures. We also find evidence of tactile sensory overload in ADHD, and an indication that this is linked to inattention specifically. Tactile sensitivity and sensory overload impact the functioning and life quality of many people with ADHD, and clinicians should consider this when treating their patients.
Sociocultural perceptions of physical activity and dietary habits for hypertension control: voices from adults in a rural sub-district of South Africa
Authors: Sekome Kganetso , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Sherar Lauren B. , Esliger Dale W. , Myezwa Hellen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Over half of adults from rural South Africa are hypertensive. Apart from pharmaceutical treatment, lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity and reducing dietary salt have been strongly advocated for the control of hypertension. However, the control rates of hypertension for adults in rural South Africa are low. In this paper we explore whether this is due to the recommended lifestyle intervention not aligning with the individual’s socio-cultural determinants of behaviour change.

Aim
To explore the social and cultural beliefs, perceptions and practices regarding physical activity and diet as a hypertension control intervention on hypertensive adults living in a rural sub-district in South Africa.

Methods
Nine focus group discussions were conducted with hypertensive adults aged 40 years and above from Bushbuckridge sub-district in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa using a semi-structured interview guide. Each session began with introductions of the discussion theme followed by a short discussion on what the participants know about hypertension and the normal blood pressure readings. Physical activity and dietary habits were then introduced as the main subject of discussion. Probing questions were used to get more insight on a specific topic. A thematic analysis approach was used to generate codes, categories, and themes. A manual approach to data analysis was chosen and data obtained through transcripts were analysed inductively.

Findings
Participants had a lack of knowledge about blood pressure normal values. Perceived causes of hypertension were alluded to psychosocial factors such as family and emotional-related issues. Physical activity practices were influenced by family and community members’ attitudes and gender roles. Factors which influenced dietary practices mainly involved affordability and availability of food. To control their hypertension, participants recommend eating certain foods, emotional control, taking medication, exercising, praying, correct food preparation, and performing house chores.

Conclusion
Lifestyle interventions to control hypertension for adults in a rural South African setting using physical activity promotion and dietary control must consider the beliefs related to hypertension control of this population.
Exploring the barriers, facilitators, and opportunities to enhance uptake of sexual and reproductive health, HIV and GBV services among adolescent girls and young women in Zambia: a qualitative study
Authors: Ngoma-Hazemba Alice , Chavula Malizgani Paul , Sichula Noah , Silumbwe Adam , Mweemba Oliver , Mweemba Mable , Simpungwe Matildah Kakungu , Phiri Henry , Kasengele Chowa Tembo , Halwiindi Hikabasa , Munakampe Margarate N. , Zulu Joseph Mumba 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Adolescents and young women in low-middle-income countries face obstacles to accessing HIV, Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), and related Gender-Based Violence (GBV) services. This paper presents facilitators, opportunities, and barriers to enhance uptake of HIV, GBV, and SRH services among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in selected districts in Zambia.

Methods
This study was conducted in Chongwe, Mazabuka, and Mongu Districts among adolescent girls and young women in Zambia. Key informants (n = 29) and in and out-of-school adolescents and young people (n = 25) were interviewed. Purposive sampling was used to select and recruit the study participants. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a content analysis approach was used for analysis.

Results
The facilitators that were used to enhance the uptake of services included having access to health education information on comprehensive adolescent HIV and gender-based violence services. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) were the main source of this information. The opportunities bordered on the availability of integrated approaches to service delivery and strengthened community and health center linkages with referrals for specialised services. However, the researchers noted some barriers at individual, community, and health system levels. Refusal or delay to seek the services, fear of side effects associated with contraceptives, and long distance to the health facility affected the uptake of services. Social stigma and cultural beliefs also influenced the understanding and use of the available services in the community. Health systems barriers were; inadequate infrastructure, low staffing levels, limited capacity of staff to provide all the services, age and gender of providers, and lack of commodities and specialised services.

Conclusion
The researchers acknowledge facilitators and opportunities that enhance the uptake of HIV, GBV, and SRH services. However, failure to address barriers at the individual and health systems level always negatively impacts the uptake of known and effective interventions. They propose that programme managers exploit the identified opportunities to enhance uptake of these services for the young population.