bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leistungsfähigkeit von geodätischen Monitoringsystemen
Authors: Stempfhuber Werner 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGeodätische Monitoringsysteme weisen heutzutage einen sehr hohen Automatisierungsgrad auf. Kommerzielle Gesamtlösungen können effizient auf die individuellen Anforderungen der Objektüberwachungen angepasst werden. Durch die präzise Definition der Überwachungsparameter, die Beobachtung von bekannten Messpunkten am Messobjekt und die Beschreibung des dynamischen Auswertemodells kann ein technisches Bauwerk oder eine Geländeoberfläche analysiert werden. Zur Bestimmung der geometrischen Veränderungen am Überwachungsobjekt stehen viele geodätische und geotechnische Messsensoren zur Verfügung.Dieser Artikel behandelt die Leistungsfähigkeit der Monitoringsysteme mit geodätischen Messinstrumenten. In den meisten Anwendungsfällen des geodätischen Monitoring werden High‐end‐Instrumente eingesetzt. Die genaue Datenanalyse wie z.B. Deformationen, Rissbildungen oder Schwingungen muss dabei individuell durchgeführt werden. Eine weitere Herausforderung ist die automatisierte Verarbeitung der enormen Beobachtungsdaten. Die Visualisierung des Überwachungszustandes und entsprechender Alarmierung über ein Netzwerk dient zur stetigen Qualitätskontrolle. Zusätzlich muss die Zuverlässigkeit des Gesamtsystems gewährleistet werden. Für eine weitere Verbreitung und einen verstärkten Einsatz im Bauwesen, Maschinenbau oder bei verschiedenen Geowissenschaften müssen diese komplexen Systeme verstärkt an die Anwenderbedürfnisse angepasst werden. Zusätzlich ist eine verstärkte Einbindung von Low‐cost‐Messsystemen erforderlich.Performance of Geodatic Monitoring SystemsGeodetic monitoring systems in these present days exhibit an extremely high level of automation. Commercial total solutions can be efficiently customised toward the individual demands of the object monitoring. A technical structure or a ground level surface can be analysed through the precise definition of the monitoring parameters, the observation of designated measuring points within the object measured and the description of the dynamic evaluation model. A variety of geodetic and geotechnical measuring sensors are available for the determination of geometrical changes within the object monitored. This article addresses the efficiency and performance of the monitoring systems with geodetic measuring instruments. High‐end instruments are utilised in most applications of geodetic monitoring. In the process, the exact data analysis, as for example with deformations, crackings or oscillations, must be conducted individually. Another challenge is the automated processing of the enormous amount of observation data. The visualisation of the monitoring status and a suitable alarm through the network serves for a continual quality control. In addition, the reliability of the entire system must be ensured. For further distribution and reinforced application within the construction industry, mechanical engineering or within the various geosciences, these complex systems must increasingly be adapted to user needs. In addition, a reinforced integration of low cost‐measuring systems is necessary.
Dünnwandiges Schalentragwerk aus textilbewehrtem Beton
Authors: Scholzen Alexander , Chudoba Rostislav , Hegger Josef 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn der RWTH Aachen entsteht aktuell ein Pavillon mit einer Dachkonstruktion aus textilbewehrtem Beton, einem Verbundwerkstoff aus hochfestem Feinbeton und einer nichtrostenden textilen Bewehrung. Das filigrane Schalentragwerk demonstriert eindrucksvoll die Leistungsfähigkeit des innovativen Baustoffes.Der Beitrag erläutert den Bemessungsansatz für flächig bewehrte Textilbetonbauteile und beschreibt die numerische Auswertung auf Basis von Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen des Tragwerks. Darüber hinaus werden baupraktische Aspekte der Realisierung, insbesondere die Herstellung der Textilbetonschalen im Spritzbetonverfahren, das entwickelte Bewehrungskonzept und die Montage der Schalen auf den Fertigteilstützen erläutert.Thin‐walled shell structure made of textile reinforced concrete: design, dimensioning and realizationAt RWTH Aachen University currently a pavilion is being realized with a roof construction made of textile reinforced concrete (TRC), a composite material consisting of a high‐strength, fine grained concrete and a noncorroding textile reinforcement. The thin‐walled TRC‐shell structure demonstrates impressively the load‐bearing capacity of this innovative composite material. The present contribution discusses the dimensioning approach for TRC‐shell structures and the numerical evaluation based on finite‐element analysis of the structure. Furthermore practical issues concerning the realization of the construction are discussed, such as the fabrication of the TRC shells using shotcrete, the developed concepts for the arrangement of the textile reinforcement, as well as the mounting of the shells on top of the precast concrete columns.
Dauerhaftigkeit von Stahlbeton in Tunnelbauwerken – Einfluss von Baumängeln
Authors: Gehlen Christoph , Kapteina Gesa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Einfluss von Baumängeln auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Stahlbetonbauteilen im Tunnelbau. Da Anforderungen an die Dauerhaftigkeit i. A. durch deskriptive Vorgaben definiert werden, ist die objektive Bewertung von Baumängeln und die Dimensionierung von geeigneten Maßnahmen zur Mängelbehebung kaum möglich. Werden hingegen leistungsbezogene Dauerhaftigkeitsanforderungen definiert, so steht ein neuer Lösungsweg zur Verfügung, welcher eine objektivere Bewertung der Baumängel ermöglicht. Auf dieser Grundlage können geeignete Maßnahmen zur Mängelbehebung gewählt und dimensioniert werden. Die dabei vorgestellte Vorgehensweise kann im Prinzip auch für die objektivere Beurteilung der Leistungsfähigkeit von instand gesetzten Bauteilen angewendet werden.Durability of Reinforced Concrete in Tunnels: Influence of Building DefectsThe present paper outlines the influence of deficiencies linked to reinforced concrete constructions on the durability. As requirements related to durability matters are in general defined by descriptive guidelines, the objective assessment of deficiencies and the dimensioning of necessary measures for retrofitting are hardly feasible. Whereas a definition of the durability of performance related requirements enables a new procedure to assess deficiencies more objectively. On this basis feasible measures can be chosen and dimensioned. In principle this introduced procedure can also be applied for the performance related assessment of the retrofitted structure.
“Söderströmstunneln” – Technische Herausforderungen bei Planung und Bau des Söderströmstunnels, Stockholm
Authors: Pöllath Klaus , Glückert Johannes 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIm Zentrum von Stockholm wird derzeit der Eisenbahntunnel “Söderströmstunneln” gebaut. Der Absenktunnel unterquert den Söderström, einen Seitenarm des Sees Mälaren, und bildet das Verbindungsstück zwischen zwei Felstunneln. Er besteht aus zwei Anschlussbauwerken und drei einzelnen Tunnelelementen, die in schwimmenden Stahlschalungen betoniert, auf Pfahlgründungen abgesenkt und anschließend auf dem Seeboden monolithisch miteinander verbunden und vorgespannt werden.“Söderströmstunneln” – technical challenge of planing and building the Söderström tunnel in StockholmThe railway tunnel “Söderströmstunneln” is currently under construction in the heart of Stockholm. The immersed tunnel is crossing the Söderström, a branch of the lake Mälaren, and is forming the connecting part between two rock tunnels. He consists out of two connection structures and three single tunnel elements that are cast in floating steel shells. The tunnel elements will then be immersed on pile foundations and on the lake bottom monolithically connected and post‐tensioned.
Auswirkungen der geometrischen Lage der Tunnel auf die Gebirgsplastifizierung und die Spritzbetonschale beim Brenner Basistunnel
Authors: Bergmeister Konrad , Weifner Tassilo , Collizzollo Mara 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDer Brenner Basistunnel wird mit einer Gesamtlänge von 64 km die weltlängste unterirdische Eisenbahnverbindung. Etwa 11 m unterhalb der beiden Tunnelröhren wird vorauseilend abschnittsweise ein Erkundungsstollen gebaut, um das Gebirge zu erforschen. Die geometrische Lage des Erkundungsstollens variiert in Bezug auf die beiden Haupttunnel im Nahebereich von Innsbruck und Franzensfeste. Diese horizontale Verschiebung und damit eine mögliche Gebirgsplastifizierung ist Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war es, die Auswirkungen der veränderten Einwirkungen aufgrund unterschiedlicher geometrischer Lagen der Tunnel auf die Dicke der Spritzbetonschale zu erforschen. Dabei wurden umfangreiche FE‐Simulationen durchgeführt und erstmalig in einer großen Serie In‐situ die mechanischen und geometrischen Kennwerte der Spritzbetonaußenschale ermittelt. Durch eine statistische Auswertung konnte auf Grundlage einer probabilistischen Betrachtung die notwendige Dicke der Spritzbetonschale verifiziert werden. Dabei wurde erkundet, ob die Spritzbetondicke des Erkundungsstollens auch für eine außermittige Lage (bis unterhalb der Haupttunnel) bzw. bei einem zusätzlichen mittig verlaufenden Stollen ausreicht.Effects of the geometric position of the Brenner Base Tunnel on rock mass plastification and the tunnel's shotcrete shellThe Brenner Base Tunnel will be, at 64 kilometres, the longest underground railway connection in the world. A preliminary exploratory tunnel is being excavated in segments about 11 metres under the two main tunnels in order to prospect the rock mass. The geometric position of the exploratory tunnel varies, with respect to the main tunnels, near Innsbruck and Fortezza. This horizontal displacement and the possible plastification of the rock mass are the focus of this study. The aim of the analyses was to evaluate the impact of the various geometric positions of the tunnel on the thickness of the shotcrete shell. Exhaustive finite element simulations were carried out and the mechanical and geometric data of the shotcrete shell were determined for the first time by a large series of tests in situ. A statistic analysis verified the required thickness of the shotcrete shell on the basis of probabilistic observations. The study also examined whether the thickness of the shotcrete used on the exploratory tunnel would also be sufficient if the tunnel were in an off‐center position (including underneath the main tunnels) or for an additional tunnel running down the center axis.
Nichotherapy for stem cells: There goes the neighborhood
Authors: Levesque Jean‐Pierre , Winkler Ingrid G. , Rasko John E. J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStem cells and their malignant counterparts require the support of a specific microenvironment or “niche”. While various anti‐cancer therapies have been broadly successful, there are growing opportunities to target the environment in which these cells reside to further improve therapeutic efficacy and outcome. This is particularly true when the aim is to target normal or malignant stem cells. The field aiming to target or use the niches that harbor, protect, and support stem cells could be designated as “nichotherapy”. In this essay, we provide a few examples of nichotherapies. Some have been employed for decades, such as hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, whereas others are emerging, such as chemosensitization of leukemia stem cells by targeting their niche.
Analytical approach to determine biogenic amines in urine using microextraction in packed syringe and liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection
Authors: Oppolzer David , Moreno Ivo , da Fonseca Beatriz , Passarinha Luís , Barroso Mário , Costa Suzel , Queiroz João António , Gallardo Eugenia 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe goal of this work was to develop and validate an analytical method for the detection and quantification of the biogenic amines serotonin (5‐HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), using microextraction in packed syringe (MEPS) and liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC‐ED) in urine. The method was validated according to internationally accepted guidelines from the Food and Drug Administration. Linearity was established between 50 and 1000 ng/mL for 5‐HT and between 5 and 1000 ng/mL for DA and NE, with determination coefficients (R2) >0.99 for all compounds. The limits of quantification and detection were respectively 50 and 20 ng/mL for 5‐HT, and 5 and 2 ng/mL for DA and NE. Within‐ and between‐run precision ranged from 0.84 to 9.41%, while accuracy ranged from 0.79 to 12.76% for all compounds. The intermediate precision and accuracy were 1.50–8.36 and 0.54–13.51%, respectively. The method was found suitable for clinical routine analysis of the studied compounds, using a sample volume of 0.5 mL. This is the first study employing a commercially available MEPS column for the simultaneous detection and quantification of 5‐HT, DA and NE in urine by coulometric detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution MRI of basilar atherosclerosis: three‐dimensional acquisition and FLAIR sequences
Authors: Turan Tanya N. , Rumboldt Zoran , Brown Truman R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis case report describes the use of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) to visualize basilar artery atherosclerotic plaque in a patient with a pontine stroke. HRMRI with three‐dimensional image acquisition was used to visualize plaque in several planes to localize arterial wall pathology. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences of the basilar artery showed wall thickening throughout the basilar artery wall and good contrast between the artery wall and cerebrospinal fluid.
A Novel Photoaffinity‐Based Probe for Selective Detection of Cathepsin L Active Form
Authors: Torkar Ana , Bregant Sarah , Devel Laurent , Novinec Marko , Lenarčič Brigita , Lah Tamara , Dive Vincent 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDetecting the active forms of proteases by using activity‐based probes in complex proteomes has become an intensively investigated field of research over the past years because many pathogenic conditions involve alterations in protease activities. The detection of lysosomal cysteine proteases, the cathepsins, has mostly relied on the use of probes that incorporate reactive electrophilic moieties to modify a cysteine in the active site covalently. Here we report the first example of an activity‐based probe that targets the cathepsins and incorporates a photoactivatable benzophenone group for covalent labelling. When tested on a set of five cathepsins (B, K, L, S and V), this probe selectively labelled the active site of cathepsin L. Furthermore, when tested on crude cell extracts, the probe specifically detected cathepsin L quantities as low as a few picomoles. This study suggests that photoaffinity labelling is a promising approach for developing highly selective and useful cathepsin L probes. In particular, this probe might allow the detection of small amounts of the secreted active cathepsin L form in the cellular microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo.
Dimethylarginine‐Dimethylaminohydrolase‐2 (DDAH‐2) Does Not Metabolize Methylarginines
Authors: Altmann Karin S. , Havemeyer Antje , Beitz Eric , Clement Bernd 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFree endogenous methylarginines, Nω‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (L‐NMMA) and Nω,Nω′‐dimethyl‐L‐arginine (ADMA), inhibit NO synthases (NOSs) and are metabolized by dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). A postulated metabolism has been shown several times for DDAH‐1, but the involvement of DDAH‐2 in the degradation of ADMA and L‐NMMA is still a matter of debate. Determination of the isoform‐specific DDAH protein expression profiles in various porcine tissue types shows a correlation of DDAH activity only with DDAH‐1 levels. DDAH activity (measured as L‐citrulline formation from the conversion of methylarginines and alternative DDAH substrates) was detected in DDAH‐1‐rich porcine tissue types, that is, kidney, liver, and brain, but not in DDAH‐2‐rich porcine fractions, that is, spleen and thyroid. Furthermore, several ex vivo studies showed DDAH activity to be important for L‐citrulline formation in porcine tissue and indicated the absence of an endogenous DDAH inhibitor in porcine tissue. This study provides new insights into tissue distributions as well as substrate selectivity for both DDAH isoforms. Although DDAH‐1 is known to metabolize the endogenous NOS inhibitors L‐NMMA and ADMA, a physiological function for DDAH‐2 has yet to be determined. Hence, determining DDAH activity by methylarginine conversion is not suitable for analyzing isoform selectivity of DDAH‐1 inhibitors as postulated.
A Simple Route to Synthesize Mesoporous ZSM‐5 Templated by Ammonium‐Modified Chitosan
Authors: Jin Junjiang , Zhang Xingdi , Li Yongsheng , Li Hua , Wu Wei , Cui Yunlong , Chen Qian , Li Liang , Gu Jinlou , Zhao Wenru , Shi Jianlin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUniform mesoporous zeolite ZSM‐5 crystals have been successfully fabricated through a simple hydrothermal synthetic method by utilizing ammonium‐modified chitosan and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as the meso‐ and microscale template, respectively. It was revealed that mesopores with diameters of 5–20 nm coexisted with microporous network within mesoporous ZSM‐5 crystals. Ammonium‐modified chitosan was demonstrated to serve as a mesoporogen, self‐assembling with the zeolite precursor through strong static interactions. As expected, the prepared mesoporous ZSM‐5 exhibited greatly enhanced catalytic activities compared with conventional ZSM‐5 and Al‐MCM‐41 in reactions involving bulky molecules, such as the Claisen–Schmidt condensation of 2‐hydroxyacetophenone with benzaldehyde and the esterification reaction of dodecanoic acid and 2‐ethylhexanol.
Triazole‐Based One‐Dimensional Spin‐Crossover Coordination Polymers
Authors: Roubeau Olivier 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOne‐dimensional coordination FeII polymers constructed through triple N1,N2‐1,2,4‐triazole bridges form a unique class of spin‐crossover materials, the synthetic versatility of which allows tuning the spin‐crossover properties, the design of gels, films, liquid crystals, and nanoparticles and single‐particle addressing. This Minireview provides the first complete overview of these very attractive switchable materials and their most recent developments.
Amycolamicin: A Novel Broad‐Spectrum Antibiotic Inhibiting Bacterial Topoisomerase
Authors: Sawa Ryuichi , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Hashizume Hideki , Sasaki Kazushige , Ishizaki Yoshimasa , Umekita Maya , Hatano Masaki , Abe Hikaru , Watanabe Takumi , Kinoshita Naoko , Homma Yoshiko , Hayashi Chigusa , Inoue Kunio , Ohba Syunichi , Masuda Toru , Arakawa Masayuki , Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Hamada Masa , Igarashi Masayuki , Adachi Hayamitsu , Nishimura Yoshio , Akamatsu Yuzuru 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe abuse of antibacterial drugs imposes a selection pressure on bacteria that has driven the evolution of multidrug resistance in many pathogens. Our efforts to discover novel classes of antibiotics to combat these pathogens resulted in the discovery of amycolamicin (AMM). The absolute structure of AMM was determined by NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray analysis, chemical degradation, and modification of its functional groups. AMM consists of trans‐decalin, tetramic acid, two unusual sugars (amycolose and amykitanose), and dichloropyrrole carboxylic acid. The pyranose ring named as amykitanose undergoes anomerization in methanol. AMM is a potent and broad‐spectrum antibiotic against Gram‐positive pathogenic bacteria by inhibiting DNA gyrase and bacterial topoisomerase IV. The target of AMM has been proved to be the DNA gyrase B subunit and its binding mode to DNA gyrase is different from those of novobiocin and coumermycin, the known DNA gyrase inhibitors.
Precocious hand use preference in reach‐to‐eat behavior versus manual construction in 1‐ to 5‐year‐old children
Authors: Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Arnold Benjamin , Whishaw Ian Q. , Gonzalez Claudia L.R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe variation in hand use as a function of task and developmental age poses a problem for understanding how and when “handedness,” preferred use of one hand, develops. The present cross‐section study is the first to contrast hand preference use for the natural and frequently used reach‐to‐eat movement with a constructional task that requires a very similar reach‐to‐grasp movement. Thirty children between the ages of 1 and 3 years completed an eating task, in which they grasped small food items (Cheerios™ or Froot Loops™) that they brought to the mouth for eating. Thirty children between the ages of 3 and 5 years completed the construction task, in which they grasped LEGO® pieces to construct 3D models. Hand use preference for grasping in the eating and construction tasks was calculated by comparing the percentage of grasps made by the right hand and by the left hand. There were two main findings: First, right hand preference for grasping in the eating task is present as early as 1 year of age, whereas right hand preference for grasping in the construction task does not develop until 4 years of age. Second, right hand preference for grasping is greater in the eating than in the construction task. The results are discussed in relation to the idea that a consideration for task constraints (e.g., unimanual vs. bimanual; eating vs. construction; natural vs. praxic) should be incorporated into the experimental design when measuring hand use in children. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 902–911, 2013.
Effects of saline water drip irrigation on soil salinity and cotton growth in an Oasis Field
Authors: Hu Shunjun , Shen Yanjun , Chen Xiulong , Gan Yongde , Wang Xinfan 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing brackish and saline water is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of water resource shortage. To rationally exploit and make use of brackish and saline water resources, the effects of drip irrigation underneath a plastic film with different salinities of irrigation water on soil salt content and cotton growth were studied at the Aksu National Field Research Station of Agro‐ecosystem in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2009. The results showed that the soil salt increases before the first irrigation of the growing period, then generally decreases during the irrigation period, and increases after the final irrigation of the growing period and before winter irrigation. In extremely arid areas, the leaching effect of rainfall is weakened. When cotton is irrigated with saline water of salinity greater than 2·24 g l−1, the salt is accumulated at the main cotton root zone. The effect of salinity of irrigation water on cotton growth is a gradual process and is highlighted during the boll‐opening period. Leaf area index, root area index, root length density, and root weight density all decrease with an increase of salinity of irrigation water and soil salt content in the root zone. The root weight density and root length density of treatments with brackish or saline water are far less than those of treatment with fresh water. After sowing, with the increase of time, the leaf area index changes from small to large, reaches its peak at the flowering‐bolling stage, and then reverts from large to small; however, root area index, average cotton root length density, and root weight density of the 0‐ to 50‐cm soil layer continuously increase throughout the entire process. During the boll‐opening period, the vitality of the cotton root remains strong. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.