bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hexagonal paracrystals
Authors: Welberry Thomas Richard 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Spatially interacting Gaussian random variables arranged on a hexagonal lattice are used to construct examples of hexagonal paracrystals. As for previously described paracrystals on a square lattice the distributions may be specified by a variance,

σ
L
2

,

$\sigma _L^2,$

defining the magnitude of the displacement away from the underlying perfect lattice together with parameters defining transverse and longitudinal correlations (ρ

T
and ρ

L
) between neighbouring displacements. A strong longitudinal correlation indicates a small variation from cell to cell in the length of the cell edge whereas a strong transverse correlation indicates a small variation in the cell edge direction. For values of σ

L
>∼0.30 of the unit cell spacing the diffraction patterns contain diffuse peaks only with no evidence of Bragg peaks arising from the underlying regular lattice.
Modulation of TNF‐α mRNA stability by human antigen R and miR181s in sepsis‐induced immunoparalysis
Authors: Dan Cao , Jinjun Bian , Zi‐Chun Hua , Lin Ma , Wei Chen , Xu Zhang , Ri Zhou , Shun Cheng , Wen‐Zhu Sun , Qing‐Cai Jiao , Wu Yin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractImmunoparalysis is an important pathological mechanism in sepsis. However, an effective small molecule therapy is lacking. Here, we show that ouabain, a Na+,K+‐ATPase ligand, can reverse immunoparalysis in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical samples. Notably, the effect of ouabain was critically dependent on TNF‐α expression. However, ouabain had opposing effects on the stability of TNF‐α mRNA: Ouabain triggered miR‐181 transcription, which promoted TNF‐α mRNA degradation and induced immunoparalysis, and ouabain triggered the nuclear export of human antigen R (HuR), which stabilized TNF‐α mRNA and suppressed immuno‐paralysis. Interestingly, because the miR‐181 binding site is located within the HuR binding site in the 3′‐untranslated region of TNF‐α, in ouabain‐treated cells, HuR competed with miR‐181 for binding to TNF‐α mRNA and recruited TNF‐α mRNA to stress granules, thereby stabilizing TNF‐α mRNA and reversing immunoparalysis. Ouabain also induced GM‐CSF and interferon‐γ expression in a HuR‐dependent manner. Hence, the fine‐tuning of TNF‐α mRNA stability by HuR and miR181 plays a crucial role in immunoparalysis, and Na+,K+‐ATPase ligands are promising agents for immunoparalysis therapy.
The Dnmt1 Intrinsically Disordered Domain Regulates Genomic Methylation During Development
Authors: Shaffer Ben , McGraw Serge , Xiao Siyu C , Chan Donovan , Trasler Jacquetta , Chaillet J Richard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe DNMT1 cytosine methyltransferase enzyme contains a large ∼300-aa intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) that we previously showed regulated DNA methylation patterns in mouse ES cells. Here we generated seven mouse lines with different mutations in the IDD. Homozygous mutant mice of five lines developed normally, with normal levels of methylation on both imprinted and nonimprinted DNA sequences. The other two lines, however, had alterations in imprinted and/or nonimprinted (global) DNA methylation appearing during embryonic development. Embryos of one line expressing a DNMT1 variant containing a 6-aa rat orthologous sequence in the IDD maintained imprinted methylation, showed very reduced levels of global methylation and occasionally completed fetal development. These in vivo studies demonstrate that at least two DNMT1-dependent methylation processes can be distinguished during fetal development. One process maintains the bulk of genomic methylation on nonimprinted sequences. The other process maintains methylation on a much smaller class of sequences including but not limited to gametic differentially methylated domains (gDMDs) that transmit essential imprinted parent-specific methylation for embryonic development.
IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH MONOINFECTION BY HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND IN PATIENTS CO-INFECTED BY PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND UROGENITAL PATHOGENS
Authors: Savchenko A. A. , Tshai V. B. , Kruglova K. Y. , Borisov A. G. 
Published: December 2014

Aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cellular and humoral immunity and functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in women with monoinfection by human papillomavirus and combination of human papillomavirus (HPVI) and urogenital pathogens (UGI). It was established that more serious disorders in the immune system in women were revealed in case of mixed HPVI and UGI in compare with case of monoinfection by human papillomavirus. Only in patients with combined HPVI and UGI the content of total lymphocytes, T-cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes was reduced. In patients with combined HPVI and UGI the humoral immunity was characterised by increased concentration of IgM, its level of relative synthesis and content of circulating immune complexes. Independently of the infection type in women the reduction of CD4+ lymphocytes, NK-cells, increased number of γδТ-lymphocytes, as well as increase the functional activity of blood neutrophils have been detected. However, in case of combined HPVI and UGI an inhibitory effect on the reserve capacities of phagocytic cells was revealed.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 1994–2013
Authors: Trifonova G. F. , Levakova I. A. , Bolsun D. D. , Mukomolov S. L. 
Published: December 2014

Since discovery of Hepatitis C virus in 1989 and starting of official registration of acute and chronic cases of Hepatitis C (HC) in the Russian Federation in 1994 there are a lot of data demonstrating epidemic process development of HCV infection in the country as well as features of HCV epidemiology.
Effects of the Concentration and Composition of In-office Bleaching Gels on Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration into the Pulp Chamber
Authors: Mena-Serrano AP , Parreiras SO , Nascimento EMS do , Borges CPF , Berger SB , Loguercio AD , Reis A 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYIn tooth whitening, the hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffuses in the enamel and dentin, reaching the pulp. This in vitro study aimed to quantify the penetration of HP in the pulp chamber in teeth submitted to bleaching agents of different concentrations of HP without calcium (HP 20% [20CF], HP 35% [35CF]) and with calcium (HP 20% [20CC], HP 35% [35CC]).MethodFifty human premolars were sectioned 3 mm from the cemento-enamel junction and the pulp tissue was removed. The teeth were divided into five groups according to treatment and with a control group (n=10). An acetate buffer solution was placed in the pulp chamber of all teeth. The control group was exposed only to distilled water, while the other groups were treated with a bleaching procedure, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After treatment, the acetate buffer solution was transferred to a glass tube in which leuco-crystal violet and peroxidase solutions were added, resulting in a blue solution. The optical density of this blue solution was determined spectrophotometrically and converted into micrograms equivalent to the HP. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05).ResultsThe HP concentration did not affect the HP inside the pulp chamber, but the presence of calcium significantly reduced it (p&lt;0.0001).ConclusionThe amount of HP that reaches the pulp chamber depends on the bleaching protocol and the product employed, and it seems to be less affected by HP concentration.
Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Efficacy of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: A Single-blind Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: de Geus JL , Rezende M , Margraf LS , Bortoluzzi MC , Fernández E , Loguercio AD , Reis A , Kossatz S 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYObjectiveThis single-blind controlled study evaluated the genotoxicity and efficacy of at-home bleaching in smokers and nonsmokers.MethodsWe selected 60 patients with central incisors A2 or darker: 30 smokers (experimental group) and 30 nonsmokers (control group). The bleaching was carried out with 10% carbamide peroxide for three hours a day for three weeks. The color was evaluated using a shade guide, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master, at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and one week and one month after bleaching. Smears were obtained with a moistened wooden spatula from marginal gingiva. All the cytologic smears were stained with Giemsa solution. From each slide, 1000 cells were examined under 40× magnification and where micronuclei (MN) were located, they were examined under 100× magnification. The change in shade guide units at the different assessment periods and the frequency of MN were subjected to a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05).ResultsIn both groups we detected a whitening of approximately 4 to 5 shade guide units, without color rebound after one month (p&gt;0.05). The frequency of MN was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, regardless of the bleaching treatment (p&gt;0.001).ConclusionThe efficacy of bleaching does not appear to be affected by the smoking habit. Additionally, at-home bleaching did not induce DNA damage to the gingival tissue during the bleaching period.
The Effect of Combining Radiographs and DIAGNOdent With Visual Examination on Detection and Treatment Decisions of Noncavitated Occluso-dentinal Caries
Authors: Alomari QD , Qudiemat M , Khalaf ME , Al-Tarakemah Y 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY
The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating radiographic examination and DIAGNOdent with visual examination for the detection and treatment of noncavitated occluso-dentinal caries. Four examiners examined the occlusal surfaces of 160 extracted posterior teeth. Teeth were examined three times with a one-month interval in between. The first examination was visual (V), the second examination was visual with radiograph (VR), and the third examination was visual with radiograph and DIAGNOdent (VRD). Examiners were asked to detect the presence of caries (if any) and identify the extent of caries (if present; ie, enamel or dentin). The examiners were also asked to choose a treatment for each tooth. The examined teeth were later sectioned, and the presence of caries was charted as 0 = no caries, 1 = caries confined to enamel, 2 = caries in the outer dentin, and 3 = caries in the inner dentin. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (Az values), rank correlation coefficient, interexaminer reproducibility, and McNemar χ2 tests were calculated. VR had statistically higher specificity and lower sensitivity than V and VRD. The means of Az values ranged from 0.58 to 0.63, with no statistical difference between the three examinations (p&gt;0.05). The means of the rank correlation coefficients with histology for detection of dentinal caries were 0.48, 0.23, and 0.44 using V, VR, and VRD, respectively. Interexaminer reproducibility was best for V alone. The percentages of teeth indicated for restorative treatment were 31%, 33%, and 41% using V, VR, and VRD, respectively. The percentages of teeth correctly treated according to histology were 69.4%, 70.0%, and 67.5% using V, VR, and VRD, respectively. There was no difference in the accuracy of treatment decisions between the three examination points (p&gt;0.05). The addition of radiographs and DIAGNOdent to visual examination did not have a significant effect on the improvement of the detection or treatment decisions of examiners of noncavitated occluso-dentinal carious lesions.
Quaternions, 2x2 complex matrices and Lorentz transformations
Authors: Carvajal-Gámez B. E. , Guerrero-Moreno I. J. , López-Bonilla J. 
Published: December 2014

We show that the matrix method to construct Lorentz transformations permit to deduce the corresponding quaternionic procedure.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11671BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 30-34
Molecular electrostatic potential, HOMO-LUMO and vibrational study of aristolochic acid II using density functional theory
Authors: Khadka Jang Bahadur , Joshi Bhawani Datt 
Published: December 2014

Because of their wide applications in human or animal medicine, the natural products have been the subject of investigation. Aristolochic acids (AAs) (Aristolochiaceae), however toxic, are reported for many medicinal uses. In this work, computational study on the molecular properties of AA II is presented using density functional theory (DFT), B3LYP functional along with Hartree-Fock (HF) theory at 6-311++G(d,p) level. A complete vibrational assignment has been done for the observed FT-IR and Raman wavenumbers with the results of quantum chemical calculations. The structure–activity relationship has been interpreted by mapping electrostatic potential surface (MEP). Graphical representation of frontier molecular orbitals with their energy gap has been analyzed theoretically for both the gaseous and solvent environment employing TD-DFT using IEF-PCM model.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11702BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 40-52
Energy of Sitnikov's restricted three body problem if the primaries are source of radiation and triaxial rigid bodies
Authors: Thapa R. R. 
Published: December 2014

In this paper the joint effect of source of radiation and triaxial rigid body has been studied. The energy of Sitnikov's restricted three body problem when primaries are sources of radiation and energy of Sitnikov's restricted problem of three bodies when primaries are triaxial rigid bodies have been studied to calculate the joint effect. Equation of motion of the third body of infitesimal mass, if primaries are sources of radiation and triaxial rigid bodies, are calculated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11707BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 53-58
Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schucht Philippe , Banz Vanessa , Trochsler Markus , Iff Samuel , Krähenbühl Anna Katharina , Reinert Michael , Beck Jürgen , Raabe Andreas , Candinas Daniel , Kuhlen Dominique , Mariani Luigi 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
In ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery, laparoscopic assistance can be used for placement of the peritoneal catheter. Until now, the efficacy of laparoscopic shunt placement has been investigated only in retrospective and nonrandomized prospective studies, which have reported decreased distal shunt dysfunction rates in patients undergoing laparascopic placement compared with mini-laparotomy cohorts. In this randomized controlled trial the authors compared rates of shunt failure in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for peritoneal catheter placement with rates in patients who underwent traditional mini-laparotomy.

METHODS
One hundred twenty patients scheduled for VP shunt surgery were randomized to laparoscopic surgery or mini-laparotomy for insertion of the peritoneal catheter. The primary endpoint was the rate of overall shunt complication or failure within the first 12 months after surgery. Secondary endpoints were distal shunt failure, overall complication/ failure, duration of surgery and hospitalization, and morbidity.

RESULTS
The overall shunt complication/failure rate was 15% (9 of 60 cases) in the laparoscopic group and 18.3% (11 of 60 cases) in the mini-laparotomy group (p = 0.404). Patients in the laparoscopic group had no distal shunt failures; in contrast, 5 (8%) of 60 patients in the mini-laparotomy group experienced distal shunt failure (p = 0.029). Intraoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (both in the laparoscopic group), and abdominal pain led to catheter removal in 1 patient per group. Infections occurred in 1 patient in the laparoscopic group and 3 in the mini-laparotomy group. The mean durations of surgery and hospitalization were similar in the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
While overall shunt failure rates were similar in the 2 groups, the use of laparoscopic shunt placement significantly reduced the rate of distal shunt failure compared with mini-laparotomy.
Les enseignements de John J. Gumperz pour la sociolinguistique des langues créoles
Authors: Véronique Georges Daniel 
Published: December 2014

Les créolistes s’interrogent depuis longtemps sur les modalités sociales et linguistiques du développement des langues créoles dans les sociétés esclavagistes issues de l’expansion coloniale européenne. De façon contemporaine, ils tentent de décrire les pratiques langagières qui ont cours dans ces sociétés. Sur ces deux thématiques, les travaux de Gumperz apportent des éclairages stimulants. L’étude de l’analyse de la convergence entre langues apparentées que propose Gumperz est éclairante (Gumperz et Wilson 1971). De même la notion de répertoire verbal qu’il formule est utile pour comprendre des sociétés où se jouent des contacts et des conflits entre langues donatrices du lexique et langues créoles. L’étude réalisée sur le procès de minorisation linguistique que propose Gumperz (Gumperz, Jupp et Roberts 1979 ; Gumperz 1989) éclaire les échanges verbaux en pays créole. Cet article s’accompagne de l’étude de quelques exemples de pratiques langagières formelles en pays créolophone qui illustre la pertinence des propositions de Gumperz pour une sociolinguistique des langues créoles.
La complexité de la légitimité
Authors: Bouquet Brigitte 
Published: December 2014

La notion de légitimité est aujourd’hui utilisée à profusion, dans des domaines variés et avec des aspects différenciés. La réflexion sur la légitimité, qui s’est modifiée dans le temps, a emprunté des voies multiples, s’est complexifiée ; de plus, aujourd’hui il y a une crise de légitimité. Mais que cela signifie-t-il ? Pour pouvoir le comprendre, l’article rappelle au préalable le sens du concept de légitimité et son évolution, en précise les contours actuels dans la dimension politique et dans la dimension sociale (associations, institutions sociales, professionnels), et considère où en est la légitimité des usagers/citoyens. À travers eux, il s’agit de voir les enjeux de l’évolution complexe et des défis de la reconnaissance de la légitimité.
Fixed Expression of Single Influenza Virus–Specific TCR Chains Demonstrates the Capacity for TCR α– and β–Chain Diversity in the Face of Peptide–MHC Class I Specificity
Authors: Clemens E. Bridie , Doherty Peter C. , La Gruta Nicole L. , Turner Stephen J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The characteristics of the TCR repertoire expressed by epitope-specific CD8+ T cells can be an important determinant of the quality of immune protection against virus infection. Most studies of epitope-specific TCR repertoires focus solely on an analysis of TCR β-chains, rather than the combined TCRαβ heterodimers that confer specificity. Hence, the importance of complementary α- and β-chain pairing in determining TCR specificity and T cell function is not well understood. Our earlier study of influenza-specific TCR repertoires in a C57BL/6J mouse model described a structural basis for preferred TCRαβ pairing that determined exquisite specificity for the DbPA224 epitope from influenza A virus. We have now extended this analysis using retrogenic mice engineered to express single TCR α- or β-chains specific for the DbNP366 or DbPA224 epitopes derived from influenza A virus. We found that particular TCRαβ combinations were selected for recognition of these epitopes following infection, indicating that pairing of certain α- and β-chain sequences is key for determining TCR specificity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that some TCRαβ heterodimers were preferentially expanded from the naive repertoire in response to virus infection, suggesting that appropriate αβ pairing confers optimal T cell responsiveness to Ag.
Zebrafish IRF1 Regulates IFN Antiviral Response through Binding to IFNϕ1 and IFNϕ3 Promoters Downstream of MyD88 Signaling
Authors: Feng Hui , Zhang Yi-Bing , Zhang Qi-Min , Li Zhi , Zhang Qi-Ya , Gui Jian-Fang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In mammals, type I IFNs (mainly IFN-α/β) are primarily regulated by transcription factors of the IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family. Fish IFNs do not show a one-to-one orthologous relationship with mammalian type I IFN homologues. Using a bacterial one-hybrid reporter screening system and an overexpression approach to explore the molecular mechanism underlying fish IFN induction, we identified zebrafish Danio rerio IRF (DrIRF)1 as a positive regulator of the fish IFN antiviral response. Among 12 zebrafish IRF family genes, DrIRF1 is most abundant in zebrafish immune tissues, including head kidney and spleen; upon virus infection, it is one of most significantly induced genes. Overexpression of DrIRF1 induces the expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes, hence protecting epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells against spring viremia of carp virus infection. As a transcription factor with constitutively nuclear retention, DrIRF1 directly binds to the IFN-stimulated regulatory element/IRF-binding element sites of zebrafish IFN promoters, which are dependent on four conserved amino acids of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain helix α3 motif. Mutation of either residue reveals a differential requirement for DrIRF1-mediated activation of zebrafish IFNϕ1 and IFNϕ3 promoters. Notably, C-terminal phosphorylation of DrIRF1 is observed and is not required for in vitro binding of DrIRF1 to fish IFN promoters. Unlike DrIRF3 and DrIRF7, which are responsible for differential expression of zebrafish IFNϕ1 and IFNϕ3 through the retinoic acid–inducible gene I–like receptor pathway, DrIRF1 works in concert with MyD88 to activate zebrafish IFNϕ3 but not IFNϕ1. These results provide insights into the evolving function of IRF1 as a positive IFN regulator.
A Inteligência Competitiva na Perspecitiva de ser uma Fonte de Vantagem Competitiva e suas Contribuições Estratégicas
Authors: Buzzerio Felipe Gama , Marcondes Reynaldo Cavalheiro 
Published: December 2014

Este artigo examina a perspectiva de a Inteligência Competitiva (IC) se constituir em uma fonte de vantagem competitiva, à luz da Visão Baseada em Recursos, e sua contribuição para a administração estratégica da empresa. Apoia-se em pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com a utilização do método qualitativo. Foram entrevistados seis gestores responsáveis pelas atividades de IC institucionalizadas em empresas de grande porte de negócios diferentes. Os dados foram tratados e analisados com a aplicação da Análise de Conteúdo. Concluiu-se que a IC não pode ser considerada como uma fonte de vantagem competitiva, mas sim como um apoio efetivo ao processo decisório nas empresas da pesquisa. Aparentemente, os produtos da IC atendem às necessidades pontuais dos clientes internos, facilitam a integração da IC com marketing e operações, ajudam na identificação de riscos por meio da análise das informações de natureza estratégica, o que constitui um diferenciador da IC em relação às outras inteligências.
The Bartlett, Architectural Pedagogy and Wates House – An Historical Study
Authors: White Amalie 
Published: December 2014

As Wates House, the Faculty building of the Bartlett School of Architecture, is soon to be completely refurbished, stripped to its bare bones and rebuilt upon its current foundations, the physical trace of what the Bartlett School was supposed to embody in Wates House will soon be lost. Using historical archives from the architectural press, UCL literature, oral interviews, carried out in 2013–14, as well as personal experience of using the building as a student, this article provides an explanatory overview of how the history of architectural pedagogy and its reform in the 1960s came to design a very specific building, reflecting not only pedagogy, but the cultural and economic climate of Britain at that time. Ever since, Wates House has created both resistance and harmony towards the practice of architectural education at the university.