bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of rabejacite, the Ca2+-dominant member of the zippeite group
Authors: Plášil J. , Dušek M. , Čejka J. , Sejkora J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe crystal structure of rabejacite from Jáchymov, ideally Ca2[(UO2)4O4(SO4)2](H2O)8, was solved by charge flipping from single-crystal data and refined to R1 = 11.94% for 1422 unique observed reflections [I > 3σ(I)]. According to single-crystal X-ray data, rabejacite is triclinic, space group P, with a = 8.7434(11), b = 8.309(3), c = 8.8693(10) Å , a = 77.86(2), b = 104.635(11), g = 82.935(18)°, V = 598.8(3) A˚3and Z = 1, with Dcalc= 4.325 g cm–3. The structure refinement proved that rabejacite is related to the zippeite group of minerals, as it is based upon the structural sheets of the zippeite topology of composition [(UO2)4O4(SO4)2]4–. Located in the interlayer between the sheets, which are stacked perpendicular to [010], are Ca2+cations and H2O groups. Ca2+ions are [7]-coordinated, by three uranyl O atoms from adjacent sheets and four H2O groups. An additional H2O group, which is not bonded directly to any cation, is located in the interlayer. Along with rabejacite, its Cu-rich variety was found in the specimens examined and characterized structurally. Its crystal structure (R1= 10.15% for 1049 reflections with I > 3s(I)) is practically the same as that of rabejacite, but there is an additional Cu2+site located in between pairs of Ca polyhedra. The structural formula is (Ca1.56Cu0.40)Σ1.90[(UO2)4O4(SO4)2](H2O)8, Z = 1. Its existence suggests a greater diversity in zippeite crystal chemistry than was thought previously and also the possibility of a new Cu2+-dominant zippeite mineral besides pseudojohannite.
Hloušekite, (Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2(H2O)9, a new member of the lindackerite supergroup from Jáchymov, Czech Republic
Authors: Plášil J. , Sejkora J. , Škoda R. , Novák M. , Kasatkin A. V. , Škácha P. , Veselovský F. , Fejfarová K. , Ondruš P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHloušekite, (Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2(H2O)9, is a new supergene arsenate mineral from the Geister vein (Rovnost mine), Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal), Western Bohemia, Czech Republic. It was found along with veselovský ite, pradetite, lavendulan, arsenolite, babánekite and gypsum on the surface of strongly altered ore fragments containing dominant tennantite and chalcopyrite. Hloušekite forms thin, lath-like crystals, locally elongated reaching up to 3 mm across. It is transparent, has a pale green colour with vitreous lustre, has a greyish-white streak and it is very brittle with an uneven fracture. It does not fluoresce under shortwave or longwave ultraviolet radiation. Cleavage on {010} is perfect; the Mohs hardness is 2–3. The calculated density is 3.295 g cm–3. Hloušekite is optically biaxial with α’ = 1.653(2) and γ’ = 1.73. The estimated optical orientation is γ’ vs. elongation (c) = 14(1)°. In larger grains it is weakly to moderately pleochroic (α = colourless, γ = pale green to green). Hloušekite is triclinic, space group P, a = 6.4010(6), b = 8.0041(6), c = 10.3969(14) Å , α = 85.824(8), β = 79.873(9), γ = 84.655(7)° and V = 521.23(10) Å3, with Z = 1, a:b:c = 0.800:1:1.299. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are 10.211(100)(001), 7.974(9)(010), 3.984(6)(020), 3.656(5)(12), 3.631(5)(01), 3.241(5)(022), 3.145(5)(200) and 3.006(5)(210). Chemical analysis by electron microprobe yielded MgO0.20, FeO0.10, NiO 5.79, CoO1.80, CuO29.53, ZnO 0.66, Al2O3 0.14, P2O5 0.11, As2O5 45.01, H2O 17.71 (calc.), for a total of 101.05 wt.%. The resulting empirical formula, calculated by stoichiometry (9H2O + 2OH), obtained from the crystal structure, is (Ni0.79Co0.25)Σ1.04(Cu3.78Zn0.08Mg0.05Al0.03Fe0.01)Σ3.95 (AsO4 )1.98(PO4 )0.02(AsO3OH)2.00(H2O)9.00 . The ideal endmember formula , NiCu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2(H2O)9.00, requires NiO7.23, CuO30.81, As2O5 44.51, H2O17.45, total 100.00 wt.%. The crystal structure of hloušekite was solved by charge flipping from single-crystal XRD data and refined to R1 = 0.0599 for 1441 reflections with [Iobs > 3σ(I)]. Hloušekite is a new member of the lindackerite group (also including lindackerite, pradetite and veselovský ite) of the lindackerite supergroup. The ondrušite group of the lindackerite supergroup includes ondrušite, chudobaite, geigerite and klajite. The establishment of these two groups reflects the difference between the crystal structures of their members, mainly in the coordination environment of the Me cations.
Self-reported race/ethnicity in the age of genomic research: its potential impact on understanding health disparities
Authors: Mersha Tesfaye B , Abebe Tilahun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis review explores the limitations of self-reported race, ethnicity, and genetic ancestry in biomedical research. Various terminologies are used to classify human differences in genomic research including race, ethnicity, and ancestry. Although race and ethnicity are related, race refers to a person’s physical appearance, such as skin color and eye color. Ethnicity, on the other hand, refers to communality in cultural heritage, language, social practice, traditions, and geopolitical factors. Genetic ancestry inferred using ancestry informative markers (AIMs) is based on genetic/genomic data. Phenotype-based race/ethnicity information and data computed using AIMs often disagree. For example, self-reporting African Americans can have drastically different levels of African or European ancestry. Genetic analysis of individual ancestry shows that some self-identified African Americans have up to 99% of European ancestry, whereas some self-identified European Americans have substantial admixture from African ancestry. Similarly, African ancestry in the Latino population varies between 3% in Mexican Americans to 16% in Puerto Ricans. The implication of this is that, in African American or Latino populations, self-reported ancestry may not be as accurate as direct assessment of individual genomic information in predicting treatment outcomes. To better understand human genetic variation in the context of health disparities, we suggest using “ancestry” (or biogeographical ancestry) to describe actual genetic variation, “race” to describe health disparity in societies characterized by racial categories, and “ethnicity” to describe traditions, lifestyle, diet, and values. We also suggest using ancestry informative markers for precise characterization of individuals’ biological ancestry. Understanding the sources of human genetic variation and the causes of health disparities could lead to interventions that would improve the health of all individuals.
PIK3CA Mutations Are Associated With Decreased Benefit to Neoadjuvant Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer
Authors: Majewski Ian J. , Nuciforo Paolo , Mittempergher Lorenza , Bosma Astrid J. , Eidtmann Holger , Holmes Eileen , Sotiriou Christos , Fumagalli Debora , Jimenez Jose , Aura Claudia , Prudkin Ludmila , Díaz-Delgado Maria Carmen , de la Peña Lorena , Loi Sherene , Ellis Catherine , Schultz Nikolaus , de Azambuja Evandro , Harbeck Nadia , Piccart-Gebhart Martine , Bernards René , Baselga José 
Published: January 2015

Purpose We investigated whether mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) correlates with response to neoadjuvant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –targeted therapies in patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods Baseline tissue biopsies were available from patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who were enrolled onto the Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization trial (NeoALTTO). Activating mutations in PIK3CA were identified using mass spectrometry–based genotyping. Results PIK3CA mutations were identified in 23% of HER2-positive breast tumors, and these mutations were associated with poorer outcome in all of the treatment arms. Patients treated with a combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib who had wild-type PIK3CA obtained a total pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of 53.1%, which decreased to 28.6% in patients with tumors that carried PIK3CA activating mutations (P = .012). Conclusion Activating mutations in PIK3CA predicted poor pCR in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapies that target HER2. Consequently, the combination of anti-HER2 agents and PI3K inhibitors is being investigated.
Intrinsic Subtypes, PIK3CA Mutation, and the Degree of Benefit From Adjuvant Trastuzumab in the NSABP B-31 Trial
Authors: Pogue-Geile Katherine L. , Song Nan , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Gavin Patrick G. , Kim Seong-Rim , Blackmon Nicole L. , Finnigan Melanie , Rastogi Priya , Fehrenbacher Louis , Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Swain Sandra M. , Wickerham D. Lawrence , Geyer Charles E. , Costantino Joseph P. , Wolmark Norman , Paik Soonmyung 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Considerable molecular heterogeneity exists among human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive breast cancer regarding gene expression and mutation profiling. Evidence from preclinical, clinical neoadjuvant, and metastatic clinical trials suggested that PIK3CA mutational status and PAM50 intrinsic subtype of a tumor were markers of response to anti-HER2 therapies. We evaluated the predictive value of these two biomarkers in the adjuvant setting using archived tumor blocks from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial B-31. Patients and Methods Expression data for 49 genes using the nCounter platform were used to generate PAM50 intrinsic subtypes for 1,578 archived tumor blocks from patients in the B-31 trial. Six PIK3CA hotspot mutations were examined by mass spectrometry of the primer extension products in a randomly selected subset (n = 671). We examined the heterogeneity of trastuzumab treatment effect across different subsets defined by each marker using Cox regression and disease-free survival as the end point. Results Seven hundred forty-one (47.0%) of 1,578 tumors were classified as HER2-enriched (HER2E) subtype, and 166 (24.7%) of 671 tumors had PIK3CA mutations. Hazard ratios (HRs) for trastuzumab in HER2E and other subtypes were 0.44 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.58; P < .001) and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.62; P < .001), respectively (interaction P = .67). HRs for trastuzumab in PIK3CA wild-type and mutated tumors were 0.51 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.71; P < .001) and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.82; P = .009), respectively (interaction P = .64). Conclusion Unlike results seen in the metastatic and neoadjuvant clinical trials, PIK3CA and PAM50 intrinsic subtypes were not predictive biomarkers for adjuvant trastuzumab in NSABP B-31. These data suggest that results from the metastatic and neoadjuvant setting may not be always applicable to the adjuvant setting.
Anterior Hypopituitarism in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancers Treated With Cranial Radiotherapy: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Chemaitilly Wassim , Li Zhenghong , Huang Sujuan , Ness Kirsten K. , Clark Karen L. , Green Daniel M. , Barnes Nicole , Armstrong Gregory T. , Krasin Matthew J. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Pui Ching-Hon , Merchant Thomas E. , Kun Larry E. , Gajjar Amar , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for growth hormone deficiency (GHD), luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone deficiencies (LH/FSHD), thyroid-stimulatin hormone deficiency (TSHD), and adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (ACTHD) after cranial radiotherapy (CRT) in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and assess the impact of untreated deficiencies. Patients and Methods Retrospective study in an established cohort of CCS with 748 participants treated with CRT (394 men; mean age, 34.2 years [range, 19.4 to 59.6 years] observed for a mean of 27.3 years [range, 10.8 to 47.7 years]). Multivariable logistic regression was used to study associations between demographic and treatment-related risk factors and pituitary deficiencies, as well as associations between untreated deficiencies and cardiovascular health, bone mineral density (BMD), and physical fitness. Results The estimated point prevalence was 46.5% for GHD, 10.8% for LH/FSHD, 7.5% for TSHD, and 4% for ACTHD, and the cumulative incidence increased with follow-up. GHD and LH/FSHD were not treated in 99.7% and 78.5% of affected individuals, respectively. Male sex and obesity were significantly associated with LH/FSHD; white race was significant associated with LH/FSHD and TSHD. Compared with CRT doses less than 22 Gy, doses of 22 to 29.9 Gy were significantly associated with GHD; doses ≥ 22 Gy were associated with LH/FSHD; and doses ≥ 30 Gy were associated with TSHD and ACTHD. Untreated GHD was significantly associated with decreased muscle mass and exercise tolerance; untreated LH/FSHD was associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, low BMD, and slow walking; and both deficits, independently, were associated with with abdominal obesity, low energy expenditure, and muscle weakness. Conclusion Anterior pituitary deficits are common after CRT. Continued development over time is noted for GHD and LH/FSHD with possible associations between nontreatment of these conditions and poor health outcomes.
Prediction of Serious Complications in Patients With Seemingly Stable Febrile Neutropenia: Validation of the Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia in a Prospective Cohort of Patients From the FINITE Study
Authors: Carmona-Bayonas Alberto , Jiménez-Fonseca Paula , Virizuela Echaburu Juan , Antonio Maite , Font Carme , Biosca Mercè , Ramchandani Avinash , Martínez Jerónimo , Hernando Cubero Jorge , Espinosa Javier , Martínez de Castro Eva , Ghanem Ismael , Beato Carmen , Blasco Ana , Garrido Marcelo , Bonilla Yaiza , Mondéjar Rebeca , Arcusa Lanza María Ángeles , Aragón Manrique Isabel , Manzano Aránzazu , Sevillano Elena , Castañón Eduardo , Cardona Mercé , Gallardo Martín Elena , Pérez Armillas Quionia , Sánchez Lasheras Fernando , Ayala de la Peña Francisco 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To validate a prognostic score predicting major complications in patients with solid tumors and seemingly stable episodes of febrile neutropenia (FN). The definition of clinical stability implies the absence of organ dysfunction, abnormalities in vital signs, and major infections. Patients and Methods We developed the Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia (CISNE), with six explanatory variables associated with serious complications: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (2 points), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1 point), chronic cardiovascular disease (1 point), mucositis of grade ≥ 2 (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria; 1 point), monocytes < 200 per μL (1 point), and stress-induced hyperglycemia (2 points). We integrated these factors into a score ranging from 0 to 8, which classifies patients into three prognostic classes: low (0 points), intermediate (1 to 2 points), and high risk (≥ 3 points). We present a multicenter validation of CISNE. Results We prospectively recruited 1,133 patients with seemingly stable FN from 25 hospitals. Complication rates in the training and validation subsets, respectively, were 1.1% and 1.1% in low-, 6.1% and 6.2% in intermediate-, and 32.5% and 36% in high-risk patients; mortality rates within each class were 0% in low-, 1.6% and 0% in intermediate-, and 4.3% and 3.1% in high-risk patients. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves in the validation subset were 0.652 (95% CI, 0.598 to 0.703) for Talcott, 0.721 (95% CI, 0.669 to 0.768) for Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), and 0.868 (95% CI, 0.827 to 0.903) for CISNE (P = .002 for comparison between CISNE and MASCC). Conclusion CISNE is a valid model for accurately classifying patients with cancer with seemingly stable FN episodes.
Meso- and macro-zooplankton community structure of the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica (Summer 2010–2011)
Authors: Wilson Stephanie E. , Swalethorp Rasmus , Kjellerup Sanne , Wolverton Megan A. , Ducklow Hugh W. , Yager Patricia L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) has, on average, the highest productivity per unit area in Antarctic waters. To investigate community structure and the role that zooplankton may play in utilizing this productivity, animals were collected at six stations inside and outside the ASP using paired “day-night” tows with a 1 m2 MOCNESS. Stations were selected according to productivity based on satellite imagery, distance from the ice edge, and depth of the water column. Depths sampled were stratified from the surface to ∼ 50–100 m above the seafloor. Macrozooplankton were also collected at four stations located in different parts of the ASP using a 2 m2 Metro Net for krill surface trawls (0–120 m). The most abundant groups of zooplankton were copepods, ostracods, and euphausiids. Zooplankton biovolume (0.001 to 1.22 ml m-3) and abundance (0.21 to 97.5 individuals m-3) varied throughout all depth levels, with a midsurface maximum trend at ∼ 60–100 m. A segregation of increasing zooplankton trophic position with depth was observed in the MOCNESS tows. In general, zooplankton abundance was low above the mixed layer depth, a result attributed to a thick layer of the unpalatable colonial haptophyte, Phaeocystis antarctica. Abundances of the ice krill, Euphausia crystallarophias, however, were highest near the edge of the ice sheet within the ASP and larvae:adult ratios correlated with temperature above a depth of 60 m. Total zooplankton abundance correlated positively with chlorophyll a above 150 m, but negative correlations observed for biovolume vs. the proportion of P. antarctica in the phytoplankton estimated from pigment ratios (19’hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin:fucoxanthin) again pointed to avoidance of P. antarctica. Quantifying zooplankton community structure, abundance, and biovolume (biomass) in this highly productive polynya helps shed light on how carbon may be transferred to higher trophic levels and to depth in a region undergoing rapid warming.
Real-World Three-Dimensional Measuring of Built Environment with a Portable Wire-Based Coordinate-Measuring Machine
Authors: Forsman Samuel 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A long-term strategy within the forest products industries is to increase the products' refinement and thus their value. This strategy applies to both primary and secondary processed wood products. Further down the value stream, different kinds of knowledge are needed in order to add value and efficiency in the supplier process. In this study, the focus was on as-built three-dimensional (3-D) sensing as a means to increase the level of product prefabrication when supplying engineer-to-order joinery products to the construction industry. A 7-m ranging three-axis portable wire-based coordinate-measuring machine (PWCMM) was evaluated in terms of performing as-built site-dimensional verification in 3-D. This is a needed means for moving the fitting of joinery products into the digital domain at the design stage, thus increasing the level of prefabrication and automation possible when supplying engineer-to-order joinery products. The PWCMM has been used to replicate different construction sites to gain as-built spatial information as input into the suppliers' design, manufacturing, and on-site assembly processes. The evaluation shows that the accuracy in each coordinate position can be within a millimeter range. However, questions still remain about the capability to meet the demands on accuracy and usability for on-site dimensional verification when supplying joinery products. Issues with error leverage and low measurement resolution limit the practical possibilities in terms of level of accuracy and detail of the reproduction of the as-built environment.
Characteristics of Colorado Forestry Contractors and Their Role in Current Forest Health Issues
Authors: Vaughan Damon , Mackes Kurt 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Overcrowded forests have allowed several catastrophic wildfires to burn in Colorado. Many of these fires have received national attention and inspired large public expenditures into community wildfire mitigation projects. Forestry projects in Colorado have shifted away from traditional logging and toward service-type projects, such as forest thinning and defensible space, and Colorado's forestry contractors are essential in realizing forest management objectives in the state. Many southeastern and northeastern states conduct regular surveys of forestry contractors to better understand their attributes and ability to adapt to changing conditions. This article presents results of a Colorado forestry contractor survey conducted in 2014. Objectives of this survey were to gain statistical information about the contractors, establish a baseline for future surveys, and determine the capacity of the workforce to address the state's forest health issues. The survey revealed a diminished workforce that has struggled to find identity following policy changes and economic events of the 21st century. This survey also revealed that with the current contractor capacity, Colorado will be unable to face the many threats to forest health and prevent catastrophic wildfire.
Studying the mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy with PVC and calcium carbonate filler
Authors: Abd Abeer 
Published: January 2015

In the present research composite material was prepared from epoxy and PVC reinforced with calcium carbonate as a filler material with different percent weight ratios (0.6,1.2,1.8 and 2.4) g.The effect of different weight ratios of calcium carbonate particles and PVC different content on electrical permittivity , dielectrical loss constant, hardness ,young modulus and compression strength were studied. Electrical properties of these composites were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to study the bonds which enhanced the insulating properties of epoxy material compounded with filler and PVC. The inclusion of CaCO3 in epoxy and (PVC) polymer matrices greatly enhances the physical and mechanical properties of the composite.The experimental results also show that sample (5) compounded with 2.4 g of Calcium Carbonate has the minimum dielectric loss therefore it had the best insulating properties. The compression strength, young modulus, hardness decrease with filler content increase and PVC compound decreased. The maximum electrical permittivity in sample (3) compounded with 1.2 g of calcium carbonate and 4.8 g of PVC. Cost also can be reduced by the addition of filler material.
A Novel Catalyst Preparation Technique to Improve Performance of Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts in Partial Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Sharifnia Shahram , Karami Zohre 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this study, performance of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts which is prepared under the influence of magnetic field (MF) was investigated in partial oxidation of methane (POM) reaction to syngas. The results showed that the Ni based catalyst which was prepared by calcinations with the MF, as compared with ordinary calcinations, increased in CO selectivity and H2 yield. Based upon XRD and TEM characterization results, a catalyst that was prepared by calcinations with MF, the average size of particles decreased from 4–12 to 2–8 nm, showing the effect of MF in improved dispersion of Ni oxide catalysts. Also, the TGA characterization demonstrated enhanced anti-carbon deposit ability