bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sleep patterns and well‐being of Australian adolescents☆
Authors: Short Michelle A. , Gradisar Michael , Lack Leon C. , Wright Helen R. , Dohnt Hayley 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTAimAdolescent sleep patterns vary between countries, and these differences influence adolescent functioning and well‐being. The present study provides data on the sleep and well‐being of Australian adolescents.Methods385 adolescents aged 13–18 years were recruited from 8 South Australian schools spanning the socio‐economic spectrum. Adolescents completed survey battery during class time at school, followed by a 7‐day sleep diary.ResultsAustralian adolescents, on average, obtained inadequate sleep across the school week. Adolescents commonly reported difficulty initiating sleep, unrefreshing sleep, and the subjective feeling of restless legs. Problematic levels of sleepiness, fatigue, depressed mood and anxiety were highly prevalent. Later bedtimes, longer sleep onset latencies, and shorter sleep duration were significantly associated with aspects of poor daytime functioning.ConclusionThese results add to our knowledge of adolescent sleep and well‐being worldwide. They also highlight the need for greater attention to sleep during this phase of development, when future behaviors and outcomes are being shaped.
On the inverse limit stability of endomorphisms
Authors: Berger Pierre , Rovella Alvaro 
Published: October 2012

We present several results suggesting that the concept of

C^{1}

-inverse (limit structural) stability is free of singularity theory. An example of a robustly transitive,

C^{1}

-inverse stable endomorphism with a persistent critical set is given. We show that every

C^{1}

-inverse stable, axiom A endomorphism satisfies a certain strong transversality condition (

T

). We prove that every attractor–repeller endomorphism satisfying axiom A and condition (

T

) is

C^{1}

-inverse stable. The latter is applied to Hénon maps, rational functions and others. This leads us to conjecture that

C^{1}

-inverse stable endomorphisms are exactly those which satisfy axiom A and condition (

T

).

Résumé

Nous présentons différents résultats suggérant que le concept de

C^{1}

-stabilité (structurelle de la limite inverse) est indépendant de la théorie des singularités. Nous décrivons un exemple dʼun endomorphisme robustement transitif et

C^{1}

-stable ayant un ensemble critique persistant. Nous montrons que tout endomorphisme axiome A et

C^{1}

-stable vérifie nécessairement une certaine condition de transversalité forte (

T

). Nous démontrons que tout endomorphisme attracteur–répulseur vérifiant la condition (

T

) est

C^{1}

-stable. Ce dernier résultat est appliqué, entre autres, aux applications de type Hénon et aux fractions rationnelles. Cela nous amène à conjecturer que les endomorphismes

C^{1}

-stables sont exactement ceux qui vérifient lʼaxiome A et la condition (

T

).
Randomised controlled trials of veterinary homeopathy: Characterising the peer-reviewed research literature for systematic review
Authors: Mathie Robert T. , Hacke Daniela , Clausen Jürgen 
Published: October 2012

Introduction:
Systematic review of the research evidence in veterinary homeopathy has never previously been carried out. This paper presents the search methods, together with categorised lists of retrieved records, that enable us to identify the literature that is acceptable for future systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in veterinary homeopathy.

Methods:
All randomised and controlled trials of homeopathic intervention (prophylaxis and/or treatment of disease, in any species except man) were appraised according to pre-specified criteria. The following databases were systematically searched from their inception up to and including March 2011: AMED; Carstens-Stiftung Homeopathic Veterinary Clinical Research (HomVetCR) database; CINAHL; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Embase; Hom-Inform; LILACS; PubMed; Science Citation Index; Scopus.

Results:
One hundred and fifty records were retrieved; 38 satisfied the acceptance criteria (substantive report of a clinical treatment or prophylaxis trial in veterinary homeopathic medicine randomised and controlled and published in a peer-reviewed journal), and were thus eligible for future planned systematic review. Approximately half of the rejected records were theses. Seven species and 27 different species-specific medical conditions were represented in the 38 papers. Similar numbers of papers reported trials of treatment and prophylaxis (n = 21 and n = 17 respectively) and were controlled against placebo or other than placebo (n = 18, n = 20 respectively). Most research focused on non-individualised homeopathy (n = 35 papers) compared with individualised homeopathy (n = 3).

Conclusion:
The results provide a complete and clarified view of the RCT literature in veterinary homeopathy. We will systematically review the 38 substantive peer-reviewed journal articles under the main headings: treatment trials; prophylaxis trials.
The politics of biopatents in food and agriculture, 1950–2010: Value conflict, competing paradigms and contested institutionalisation in multi-level governance
Authors: Feindt Peter H 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Deploying perspectives from historical institutionalism and discursive institutionalism, this paper analyses the establishment of biopatents as a case of policy change driven by two mechanisms: institutional layering and ideational struggle between competing policy paradigms. The extension of patent law to agriculture creates a new institutional layer to agriculture policy and reinforces an incremental paradigm shift from agricultural exceptionalism to market liberalism. In response, the agricultural policy community successfully entrenches sector specific exceptions within patent law, turning patent institutions into new policy venues for the ideational struggle between the competing agricultural policy paradigms. Over the decades, legislative and jurisdictional processes unfold with contradictory dynamics. The case raises important questions about legitimacy, conflicting values, multiple orders and policy change in multi-arena governance.
Jettable fluid space and jetting characteristics of a microprint head
Authors: Wong Loke-Yuen , Lim Guan-Hui , Ye Thiha , Silva F. B. Shanjeera , Zhuo Jing-Mei , Png Rui-Qi , Chua Soo-Jin , Ho Peter K. H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe influence of fluid droplet properties on the droplet-on-demand jetting of a Newtonian model fluid (water–isopropanol–ethylene glycol ternary system) has been studied. The composition of the fluid was adjusted to investigate how the Ohnesorge number ($\mathit{Oh}$) influences droplet formation (morphology and speed) by a microfabricated short-channel shear-mode piezoelectric transducer. The fluid space for satellite-free single droplet formation was indeed found to be bound by upper and lower $\mathit{Oh}$ limits, but these shift approximately linearly with the piezo pulse voltage amplitude ${V}_{o} $, which has a stronger influence on jetting characteristics than pulse length. Therefore the jettable fluid space can be depicted on a ${V}_{o} {{\ndash}}\mathit{Oh}$ diagram. Satellite-free droplets of the model fluid can be jetted over a wide $\mathit{Oh}$ range, at least 0.025 to 0.5 (corresponding to $Z= {\mathit{Oh}}^{\ensuremath{-} 1} $ of 40 to 2), by adjusting ${V}_{o} $ appropriately. Air drag was found to dominate droplet flight, as may be expected. This can be accurately modelled to yield droplet formation time, which turned out to be $20\text{{\ndash}} 30~\lrm{\ensuremath{\mu}} \mathrm{s} $ under a wide range of jetting conditions. The corresponding initial droplet speed was found to vary linearly with ${V}_{o} $, with a fluid-dependent threshold but a fluid-independent slope, and a minimum speed of about $2~\mathrm{m} ~{\mathrm{s} }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} $. This suggests the existence of iso-velocity lines that run substantially parallel to the lower jetting boundary in the ${V}_{o} {{\ndash}}\mathit{Oh}$ diagram.
Motion of a solid particle in a shear flow along a porous slab
Authors: Khabthani Sondes , Sellier Antoine , Elasmi Lassaad , Feuillebois François 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe flow field around a solid particle moving in a shear flow along a porous slab is obtained by solving the coupled Stokes–Darcy problem with the Beavers and Joseph slip boundary condition on the slab interfaces. The solution involves the Green’s function of this coupled problem, which is given here. It is shown that the classical boundary integral method using this Green’s function is inappropriate because of supplementary contributions due to the slip on the slab interfaces. An ‘indirect boundary integral method’ is therefore proposed, in which the unknown density on the particle surface is not the actual stress, but yet allows calculation of the force and torque on the particle. Various results are provided for the normalized force and torque, namely friction factors, on the particle. The cases of a sphere and an ellipsoid are considered. It is shown that the relationships between friction coefficients (torque due to rotation and force due to translation) that are classical for a no-slip plane do not apply here. This difference is exhibited. Finally, results for the velocity of a freely moving particle in a linear and a quadratic shear flow are presented, for both a sphere and an ellipsoid.
Bioavailability of vitamin C from kiwifruit in non-smoking males: determination of ‘healthy’ and ‘optimal’ intakes
Authors: Carr Anitra C. , Pullar Juliet M. , Moran Stephanie , Vissers Margreet C. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractVitamin C is an essential nutrient in humans and must be obtained through the diet. The aim of this study was to determine vitamin C uptake in healthy volunteers after consuming kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensisvar.Hort. 16A), and to determine the amount of fruit required to raise plasma vitamin C to ‘healthy’ (i.e. >50 µmol/l) and ‘optimal’ or saturating levels (i.e. >70 µmol/l). Leucocyte and urinary vitamin C levels were also determined. A total of fifteen male university students with below average levels of plasma vitamin C were selected for the study. Weekly fasting blood samples were obtained for a 4-week lead-in period and following supplementation with, sequentially, half, one, two and three Gold kiwifruit per d for 4–6 weeks each, followed by a final 4-week washout period. The results showed that addition of as little as half a kiwifruit per d resulted in a significant increase in plasma vitamin C. However, one kiwifruit per d was required to reach what is considered healthy levels. Increasing the dose of kiwifruit to two per d resulted in further increases in plasma vitamin C levels as well as increased urinary output of the vitamin, indicating that plasma levels were saturating at this dosage. Dividing the participants into high and low vitamin C groups based on their baseline plasma and leucocyte vitamin C levels demonstrated that it is critical to obtain a study population with low initial levels of the vitamin in order to ascertain a consistent effect of supplementation.
Fatty acid profile of the milk of cows reared in the mountain region of Poland
Authors: Rutkowska Jarosława , Adamska Agata , Bialek Malgorzata 
Published: October 2012

An appropriate composition of milk fatty acids (FA) improves the nutritional value of milk and milk products, and improves milk processing. Polish dairy farms in the mountainous region are rather small, animal nutrition there is based on locally produced forages and this, together with the transitional climate zone brings about seasonal changes in FA composition of milk. The aim of the study was to evaluate the composition of FA in bovine milk fat in relation to fat intake in forages and their FA profiles. The study involved 5 herds reared in low-input mountain farms located at an altitude of 670–780 m above sea level (Beskid Mountains). The cows were fed forages produced locally. FAs in forages and milk samples were subjected to gas chromatography. Highest fat intake observed in grazing season (4·2–4·7%) and high amounts of polyunsaturated FA in forages from that period (51·8–64·1 g/100 g FA) resulted in a markedly high content of valuable FAs:t-11C18:1 (3·22 g/100 g FA),c-9, t-11C18:2 (CLA; 1·20 g/100 g FA) in milk. Lower fat intake of forages containing high amount of SFA (32·42–38·83 g/100 g FA) in the indoor period resulted in changes in milk composition. The content of total short-chain saturated FA (SCFA) was highest in winter and early spring samples (14·10 and 13·44 g/100 g FA, respectively), like the amounts of myristic C14:0 and palmitic C16:0 acids (11·80 and 37·92 g/100 g FA). Total odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; 6·58 g/100 g FA) content was highest at the beginning of the grazing period. Fresh grass consumed by cows promoted the activity of Δ9-desaturase in mammary gland as evidenced by higher C14:1 : C14:0 (0·054) and C16:1 : C16:0 (0·026) ratios in grazing than in the indoor periods.
Generalization of the perturbation theory by using a repeating equation: A case that reveals the plasma chaotic state
Authors: XAPLANTERIS C. L. , FILIPPAKI E. D. , XAPLANTERIS L. C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAmong the theoretical and experimental situations of interest in plasma physics are the waves that rise into the plasma and are strongly affected from the plasma parameters. Therefore, the development of strong relations between unperturbed and perturbed quantities is proved to exist both experimentally and theoretically. In the present paper, the mathematical solution ended in a relation between drift and perturbed velocities, which presupposes the perturbed velocity value to be very small in comparison with the drift velocity. However, the experiment has shown that the presupposition of the small value of the perturbations is not satisfied in many laboratory instances; as a result the use of the perturbation theory is limited. To surpass this difficulty, the big perturbed quantity was divided into small and equal parts, and by using the equation between unperturbed and perturbed velocities as a repeating relation, the perturbed theory may be extended and generalized beyond the small disturbances. In addition, calculations with a little change in the initial conditions were carried out, to determine when the plasma obtains chaotic behavior.
On Shu 書 (Documents) and the origin of the Shang shu 尚書 (Ancient Documents) in light of recently discovered bamboo slip manuscripts
Authors: Allan Sarah 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn light of the recent discovery of Warring States period bamboo slips, now in the collection of Tsinghua University, inscribed with texts described as shu, “documents” or “similar to shu”, this article explores the question of “what were shu?” It suggests that shu can be understood as a literary form apart from the history of the Confucian classic, the Shang shu 尚書 (Ancient Documents) or Shu jing 書經 (Book of Documents) and the Yi Zhou shu 逸周書. Formal characteristics include: shu were – or pretended to be – contemporaneous records; and shu include formal speeches by model kings and ministers from ancient times. Many shu include the expression wang ruo yue 王若曰, which is also found in bronze inscriptions, where it indicates that a royal speech was read aloud by an official. Thus, the literary form originated with the practice of composing speeches in writing before they were read out in formal ceremonies, with a bamboo slip copy presented to the officials addressed. Later shu were fictional compositions, written in the style of these ancient documents.
Economic Strain and Public Support for Redistribution: A Comparative Analysis of 28 European Countries
Authors: BLEKESAUNE MORTEN 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIs public support for redistribution affected by the number of people experiencing economic strain in a country? This question is investigated by comparing twenty-eight countries in the fourth round of the European Social Survey 2008–09 using two-level linear regression models. The results show that individuals reporting economic strain support redistribution more strongly than those who do not experience economic strain. Further, individuals living in countries where many other people report economic strain also support redistribution more strongly than individuals living in countries with less economic strain. The latter correlation is not explained by objective measures of the economic situation such as household income or the income dispersal of the country. The country-level effect of economic strain holds for all income levels. It is largely driven by a tendency to strongly believe in redistribution when living in countries of widespread economic strain. The results indicate that governments would receive more rather than less public support for redistributive policies during periods of economic strain.
Zonation in a cryptic Antarctic intertidal macrofaunal community
Authors: Waller Catherine L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDespite the general view that the Antarctic intertidal conditions are too extreme to support obvious signs of macrofaunal life, recent studies have shown that intertidal communities can survive over annual cycles. The current study investigates distribution of taxa within a boulder cobble matrix, beneath the outer, scoured surface of the intertidal zone at Adelaide Island, west Antarctic Peninsula. The intertidal zone at the study sites comprised compacted, flattened cobble pavements, which have been shown to be highly stable over time. Community structure was investigated using univariate and multivariate approaches. Virtually no macrofauna were present on the outer surface, but richness, diversity, abundance and size of animals increased with depth into the rock matrix. Abundance of taxa increased by an order of magnitude between the outer surface and the lowest level sampled. These findings show that the Antarctic intertidal is not always the uninhabitable environment currently perceived, and that under these highly variable environmental conditions at least some species have the capacity to survive.
Atrial septal defect closure with an Amplatzer septal occluder fenestrated with a coronary stent in a child with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Skinner Gregory J. , Tulloh Robert M. , Tometzki Andrew J. , Schulze-Neick Ingram , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe presence of an atrial septal defect in pulmonary hypertension has benefits and detractions. Even in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, a significant left-to-right shunt at atrial level may increase the pulmonary arterial pressure and exacerbate the disease. However, it is well recognised that the presence of an atrial communication may be protective in subgroups with severe disease, allowing maintenance of cardiac output during times of increased pulmonary resistance. In the present paper, we present the case of a young boy with significant idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and an atrial septal defect. We report our technique of septal occlusion using a device to decrease left-to-right shunting with concomitant stent insertion in that device to maintain the potential for right-to-left shunting during times of high pulmonary arterial pressure.
Relationship Between Time from Ambulance Call to Arrival at Emergency Center and Level of Consciousness at Admission in Severe Stroke Patients
Authors: Ohwaki Kazuhiro , Watanabe Takehiro , Shinohara Takayuki , Nakagomi Tadayoshi , Yano Eiji 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionTimely access to acute medical treatment can be critical for patients suffering from severe stroke. Little information is available about the impact of prehospital delays on the clinical conditions of stroke patients, but it is possible that prehospital delays lead to neurological deterioration. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of prehospital delays related to emergency medical services on the level of consciousness at admission in patients with severe stroke.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed 712 consecutive patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular diseases who were admitted to an intensive care unit in Tokyo, Japan, from April 1998 through March 2008. Data, including the time from the call to the ambulance service to the arrival of the ambulance at the patient location (on-scene), and the time from the arrival of the ambulance on-scene to its arrival at the emergency center were obtained. The following demographic and clinical information also were obtained from medical records: sex, age, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission.ResultsThe mean time from ambulance call to arrival on-scene was 7 (SD=3) minutes, and the mean time from ambulance call to arrival at the center was 37 (SD=8) minutes. A logistic regression model for predicting GCS scores of 3 and 4 at admission was produced. After adjusting for sex, age, and time from arrival on-scene to arrival at the center, a longer call-to-on-scene time was significantly associated with poor GCS scores (OR = 1.056/min; 95% confidence interval, [CI] = 1.008-1.107). After adjusting for sex and age, a longer call-to-arrival at the center time also was significantly associated with poor GCS scores (OR = 1.020; 95% CI = 1.002-1.038).ConclusionsPrehospital delays were significantly associated with decreased levels of consciousness at admission in patients suffering from a stroke. As level of consciousness is the strongest predictor of outcome, reducing prehospital delays may be necessary to improve the outcomes in patients with severe stroke.OhwakiK, WatanabeT, ShinoharaT, NakagomiT, YanoE. Relationship between time from ambulance call to arrival at emergency center and level of consciousness at admission in severe stroke patients. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;28(1):1-4.
Nut consumption and incidence of metabolic syndrome after 6-year follow-up: the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Follow-up) cohort
Authors: Fernández-Montero Alejandro , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Beunza Juan J , Barrio-Lopez Maria Teresa , de la Fuente-Arrillaga Carmen , Moreno-Galarraga Laura , Martínez-González Miguel Angel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the long-term relationship between tree nut consumption and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS).DesignNut consumption was collected using a validated 136-item FFQ. The MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute harmonizing definition. The association between nut consumption and MetS was assessed with logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. We compared the incidence of MetS between extreme categories of nut intake (≥2 servings/weekv. never/almost never) after 6 years of follow-up.SettingThe SUN Project (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Follow-up) is a prospective cohort study, formed of Spanish university graduates. Information is gathered by mailed questionnaires collected biennially. Nut consumption and MetS information was collected by self-reported data.SubjectsParticipants (n9887) initially free of MetS or diabetes and followed up for a minimum of 6 years were included.ResultsWe observed 567 new cases of MetS during follow-up. Participants who consumed nuts ≥2 servings/week presented a 32 % lower risk of developing MetS than those who never/almost never consumed (adjusted OR = 0·68, 95 % CI 0·50, 0·92). The inverse association was stronger among participants who were health professionals.ConclusionsNut consumption was significantly associated with lower risk of developing MetS after a 6-year follow-up period in a cohort of Spanish graduates.