bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitumor and antiangiogenic active dendrimer/5‐fluorouracil conjugates
Authors: Lee Sun‐Mi , Bala Yerri Swamy , Lee Won‐Ki , Jo Nam‐Ju , Chung Ildoo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAntitumor and antiangiogenic active dendritic compounds conjugated with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) were synthesized and characterized. First, the core structure based on ascorbic acid and dicarboxylic acid was synthesized, amidated with ethylenediamine. For the synthesis of higher generated dendrimer, it was reacted further with methyl acrylate to increase molecular weight through Michael addition reaction, followed by the continuous repeating amidation reaction, finally, used to synthesize covalently bound dendrimer/5‐FU conjugates. The in vitro cytotoxicities of the conjugates was evaluated with mouse mammary carcinoma, mouse leukemia, and human histiocytic lymphoma as cancer cell lines and mouse liver cells as a normal cell line, and showed lower values than 5‐FU. The in vivo antitumor activities of the conjugates against mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor cell line were better than 5‐FU. Especially, Second generated dendrimer (G‐2)/5‐FU conjugates showed excellent in vivo antitumor as well as antiangiogenic activities evaluated by the embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay due to slow hydrolysis rate and the amount of 5‐FU released. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Preparative and Structural Studies on [NiII(L)(N(CH2CH2S)2(CH2CH2SH))]0/1−1 (L = PEt3, SePh): A Thiol in the Secondary Coordination Sphere
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hong , Yen Shih‐Ying , Huang Tzu‐Ting , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Lee Chien‐Ming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA Ni(II)‐mixed‐chalcogenolate carbonyl complex, [PPN][Ni(CO)(SePh)2(S‐p‐C6H4‐Cl)] (1) was obtained from the treatment of [CpNi(μ‐S‐p‐C6H4‐Cl)]2 and fac‐[PPN][Fe(CO)3(SePh)3]. Using 1 as a precursor, two four‐coordinated square planar Ni(II)‐chalcogenolate/chalcogenol complexes, [PPN][Ni‐(SePh)(N(CH2CH2S)2(CH2CH2SH))] (2) and [Ni(PEt3)(N(CH2CH2S)2(CH2CH2SH))] (4) containing the thiol in the secondary coordination sphere have been synthesized and identified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Analyses of structural data and vibrational energy (νSH = 2431 cm−1 for 4) reveal that the pendant thiol in complexes 2 and 4, respectively do not form intramolecular interaction with the nickel and thiolato sulfur. Compared to previously reported analogues coordinated by [P(o‐C6H4S)2(o‐C6H4SH)]2−ligand (Chen, C.‐H.; Lee, G.‐H.; Liaw, W.‐F. Inorg. Chem. 2006, 45, 2307), the lack of intramolecular interaction in complexes 2 and 4 may be attributed to the rotatable C‐S and C‐C bonds of [N(CH2CH2S)2(CH2CH2SH)]2− ligand, precluding the pendant thiol from pointing a direction to the nickel and thiolato sulfur.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of High‐Surface‐Area Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Solar Cells
Authors: Yen Yin‐Cheng , Chen Jing‐Zhi , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo develop environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and high‐quality materials for photo‐electrodes to be used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), nanocrystalline TiO2 with an anatase phase and a high surface area was successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal process. The as‐prepared TiO2 was characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation. Furthermore, we present a systematic study of its photovoltaic properties based on an as‐prepared TiO2 quasi solid‐state DSSC device. The quasi solid‐state DSSC was compared with a DSSC made with commercial P25. The results demonstrated that electrodes based on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface area are beneficial to improving the dye absorption and electron transport properties. These NPs are also highly efficient in terms of light harvesting and charge collection, which leads to the enhancement of the conversion efficiency. As expected, the results showed that the DSSCs employing the oligo‐polyethylene glycol dimethylether (PEGDME) electrolyte have long‐term stability.
Effects of hunter access and habitat security on elk habitat selection in landscapes with a public and private land matrix
Authors: Proffitt Kelly M. , Gude Justin A. , Hamlin Kenneth L. , Messer Matthew Adam 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTraditional elk habitat management on public land has focused on providing security habitat for bull elk during the hunting season to provide for both adequate hunter opportunity and bull survival. This paradigm has given less consideration to adult female elk habitat use, patterns of adjacent land ownership, and hunter access. This paradigm also was developed when elk population sizes were much smaller in many areas. In many Rocky Mountain states, the focus of elk population management has recently shifted to reducing or maintaining elk population sizes, necessitating a better understanding of the implications of security habitat management, as well as patterns of adjacent land ownership and hunter access, on adult female elk. We addressed this need by testing the hypotheses that during the hunting season: 1) adult female elk selection for areas prohibiting or limiting hunter access is stronger than elk selection for publicly owned and managed elk security habitat, 2) these effects occur during the archery hunting period and intensify during the rifle hunting period, and 3) the effects of hunter access on selection are consistent among herds that occupy landscapes characterized by a matrix of public and private lands. We used global position system locations collected from 82 females in 2 different Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) elk herds to evaluate effects of hunter access, security habitat as defined by the Hillis paradigm, and other landscape attributes on adult female elk resource selection during the pre‐hunting, archery, rifle, and post‐hunting periods. We found that female elk selection for areas restricting public hunting access was stronger than selection for security habitat in both study areas, and that the density of roads open to motorized use was the strongest predictor of elk distribution. Increases in selection for areas that restricted hunting access occurred during the rifle hunting period, and we did not find consistent evidence these movements were triggered by the archery hunting period. Our results provide evidence that in landscapes characterized by a matrix of public and privately owned lands, traditional concepts of elk security habitat need to be expanded to also include areas that restrict hunter access to plan for elk population management that is regulated through adult female harvest. Future efforts should investigate whether elk use of areas that restrict hunter access are flexible behavioral responses to hunting risk, or if these behaviors are passed from generation to generation such that a learned pattern of private land use becomes the normal movement pattern rather than a short‐term behavioral response. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Effects of water discharge on fledging time, growth, and survival of piping plovers on the Missouri River
Authors: Catlin Daniel H. , Felio Joy H. , Fraser James D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRiver flow management and modification is a global issue, and its effects on river‐dependent organisms are pervasive. Flow modification can directly affect avian species through mortality or habitat loss, but less is known about indirect and sublethal effects of flow modification on reproductive output in these species. Young birds are more vulnerable to predation between hatching and fledging than after flight is achieved, but tradeoffs must be made to balance growth and survival. Predation pressure appears to be a significant factor affecting the time to fledging in altricial birds, but less is known about this threat for precocial birds. Birds reaching fledging earlier should have greater rates of survival to migration because their predator escape repertoire includes flight at an earlier age. We evaluated the effect of varying outflows from the Gavins Point Dam on the growth, age at fledging, and survival of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) chicks on the Missouri River (2006–2009). The study was characterized by 2 relatively high flow years (2006 and 2009) and 2 relatively low flow years (2007 and 2008). We used success rate in recapturing chicks in capture–mark–recapture models as an index for fledging. We attempted to recapture all chicks (n = 1,099) by hand every 3–4 days throughout the season to acquire morphological measurements. Models indicated that as flows from the dam increased, age at fledging increased. We also found that increasing flows were associated with decreasing daily survival rates (βflow = −2.401, 95% CI: −4.351 to −0.452). Flow was also negatively related to chick mass gain, but we found less evidence for an effect on wing‐chord length. Increased flows covered wet‐substrate foraging habitat, and likely affected plover reproductive output directly through chick survival and indirectly through decreased growth and increased fledging times. © The Wildlife Society, 2013
The incidence of isolated single umbilical artery in twins and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Stout Molly J. , Odibo Anthony O. , Longman Ryan , Shanks Anthony L. , Cahill Alison G. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of single umbilical artery (SUA) in twin pregnancies and to investigate whether SUA in twin gestations is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive twin pregnancies over 17 years at a tertiary care hospital. Primary exposure was SUA in one or both twins documented at routine second trimester anatomic survey. Adverse obstetric outcomes included small for gestational age (SGA), placental abruption, and preterm birth, evaluated in univariable and multivariable analyses. Analysis was performed both at the pregnancy level and at the fetal level using paired analyses to account for the non‐independence of twin pairs.ResultsOf the 2378 twin pregnancies without major anatomic abnormalities, 1.7% (n = 40) had SUA. Only one pregnancy (one monochorionic twin pair) was complicated by both twins having SUA. Twin fetuses with SUA are at increased risk for SGA (aOR = 2.1 (1.2–4.1), p = 0.03) after adjusting for pertinent confounding factors, similar to the findings of previous studies in singleton pregnancies. In addition, twins with SUA may be at increased risk for preterm delivery before 28 weeks compared with twin pregnancies with normal three‐vessel umbilical cords (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.2 (1.3–7.89.4), p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe incidence of SUA in twin gestations in this cohort is significantly less than the recently published data. Similar to reports in singleton gestations, SUA appears to be associated with an increased risk for SGA in twins. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adhesion performance and surface characteristics of low surface energy psas fluorinated by UV polymerization
Authors: Bae Kyung‐Yul , Lim Dong‐Hyuk , Park Ji‐Won , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Jeong Han‐Mo , Takemura Akio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAcrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have a range of applications in industry, such as medical products, aircraft, space shuttles, electrical devices, optical products, and automobiles, etc. In this study, acrylic PSAs with fluorinated groups were synthesized using 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) under UV radiation. The surface properties and adhesion strength were measured. The results showed that the addition of TFMA reduced the surface energy of the PSAs and improved the adhesion strength. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Functional capacity during exercise in very‐low‐birth‐weight premature children
Authors: Tsopanoglou Sabrina Pinheiro , Davidson Josy , Goulart Ana Lucia , de Moraes Barros Marina Carvalho , dos Santos Amélia Miyashiro Nunes 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe functional capacity of children born prematurely with very‐low‐birth weight was compared with that of children born at full‐term using the six‐minute walk test (6MWT) and the ten‐minutes shuttle walk test (10MSWT). The factors affecting walking distance were analyzed.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with two groups of children aged 6–9 years, matched by sex and age. One group included children born before 37 weeks of gestation weighing <1,500 g and the second group included children born at term. Both groups were submitted to the 6MWT and 10MWST, performed on the same day with an interval of 20 min between tests and the sequence of the tests was randomized, by sealed–envelope technique. Physiological parameters were measured at the beginning and end of each test. The walking distance and factors affecting the walking distance were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐seven children born prematurely and 37 born at term were studied. The premature children walked shorter distances in the 6MWT (480.9 ± 80.5 m vs. 518.3 ± 51.8 m, P = 0.010) than term children, and both groups walked similar distances in the 10MSWT (391.5 ± 99.0 m vs. 406.1 ± 79.2 m, P = 0.487). By multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, walking distance was associated with height (OR: 3.6) and oxygen dependency at 28 days (OR: −67.7) in the 6MWT (P < 0.001) and with height (OR: 4.9) and oxygen dependency at 28 days (OR: −91.0) in the 10MSWT (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn conclusion, this study suggests that children born prematurely with very low birth weight, especially those who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia present limited functional capacity during exercise. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:91–98. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of transcription factors associated with castration‐resistance: Is the serum responsive factor a potential therapeutic target?
Authors: Prencipe Maria , Madden Stephen F. , O'Neill Amanda , O'Hurley Gillian , Culhane Aedin , O'Connor Darran , Klocker Helmut , Kay Elaine W. , Gallagher William M. , Watson William R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced prostate cancer is treated by hormone ablation therapy. However, despite an initial response, the majority of men relapse to develop castration‐resistant disease for which there are no effective treatments.We have previously shown that manipulating individual proteins has only minor alterations on the resistant phenotype so we hypothesize that targeting the central transcription factors (TFs) would represent a better therapeutic approach.METHODSWe have undertaken a transcriptomic analysis of gene expression differences between the androgen‐dependent LNCaP parental cells and its castration‐resistant Abl and Hof sublines, revealing 1,660 genes associated with castration‐resistance. Using effective bioinformatic techniques, these transcriptomic data were integrated with TF binding sites resulting in a list of TFs associated with the differential gene expression observed.RESULTSFollowing validation of the gene‐chip results, the serum response factor (SRF) was chosen for clinical validation and functional analysis due to its recent association with prostate cancer progression. SRF immunoreactivity in prostate tumor samples was shown for the first time to be associated with castration‐resistance. SRF inhibition by siRNA and the small molecule inhibitor CCG‐1423 resulted in decreased proliferation.CONCLUSIONSRF is a key TF by which resistant cells survive with depleted levels of androgens representing a target for therapeutic manipulation. Prostate 73: 743–753, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structure of human multiple copies in T‐cell lymphoma‐1 oncoprotein
Authors: Tempel Wolfram , Dimov Slav , Tong Yufeng , Park Hee‐Won , Hong Bum Soo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOverexpression of multiple copies in T‐cell lymphoma‐1 (MCT‐1) oncogene accompanies malignant phenotypic changes in human lymphoma cells. Specific disruption of MCT‐1 results in reduced tumorigenesis, suggesting a potential for MCT‐1‐targeted therapeutic strategy. MCT‐1 is known as a cap‐binding protein and has a putative RNA‐binding motif, the PUA‐domain, at its C‐terminus. We determined the crystal structure of apo MCT‐1 at 1.7 Å resolution using the surface entropy reduction method. Notwithstanding limited sequence identity to its homologs, the C‐terminus of MCT‐1 adopted a typical PUA‐domain fold that includes secondary structural elements essential for RNA recognition. The surface of the N‐terminal domain contained positively charged patches that are predicted to contribute to RNA‐binding. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adolescents' emotions and reasoning in contexts of moral conflict and social exclusion
Authors: Malti Tina , Ongley Sophia F. , Dys Sebastian P. , Colasante Tyler 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article explores how adolescents feel and think about contexts of moral conflict and social exclusion. We asked twelve‐year‐old adolescents how they would feel about intentionally harming another peer, omitting a prosocial duty, and excluding another peer. We then asked them to explain the reasoning behind their feelings and report on levels of sympathy. In all contexts, adolescents anticipated a variety of negative emotions for reasons of fairness and empathy. However, more feelings of guilt were reported in contexts of intentional harm than in other contexts. Adolescents with high levels of sympathy reported more guilt, for reasons of fairness and empathy, than adolescents with low levels of sympathy. These findings provide a window into adolescents' emotions and reasoning regarding moral and social issues.
Indirect probes of the MSSM after the Higgs discovery
Authors: Altmannshofer Wolfgang , Carena Marcela , Shah Nausheen R. , Yu Felix 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe study the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with minimal flavor violation (MFV), imposing constraints from flavor physics observables and MSSM Higgs searches, in light of the recent discovery of a 125 GeV Higgs boson by ATLAS and CMS. We analyze the electroweak vacuum stability conditions to further restrict the MSSM parameter space. In addition, a connection to ultraviolet physics is shown via an implementation of renormalization group running, which determines the TeV-scale spectrum from a small set of minimal supergravity parameters. Finally, we investigate the impact from dark matter direct detection searches. Our work highlights the complementarity of collider, flavor and dark matter probes in exploring the MSSM, and shows that even in a MFV framework, flavor observables constrain the MSSM parameter space well beyond the current reach of direct SUSY particle searches.
The African Union, Constitutionalism and Power-Sharing
Authors: Vandeginste Stef 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOver the past decade, the African Union has put in place a normative framework to promote constitutional rule and, in particular, orderly constitutional transfers of power in its member states. Its Peace and Security Council opposes unconstitutional changes of government, including through the use of sanctions. The PSC systematically advocates a return to constitutional order, in particular through free and fair elections, as a remedy for unconstitutional changes of government. However, while opposing unconstitutional means of obtaining or transferring power, the AU has been generally supportive of the use of power-sharing agreements as an instrument of negotiated conflict settlement. Most power-sharing agreements do not accord with the prevailing constitutional order. This dual policy, of opposing certain types of unconstitutional change of government while advocating power-sharing agreements, poses an obvious challenge for the consistency of AU policy.
The Distribution and Possible Role of ERK8 in Mouse Oocyte Meiotic Maturation and Early Embryo Cleavage
Authors: Yang Shang-Wu , Huang Hao , Gao Chen , Chen Lei , Qi Shu-Tao , Lin Fei , Wang Jian-Xin , Hou Yi , Xing Fu-Qi , Sun Qing-Yuan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt is well known that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 8 (ERK8) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events. But its physiological roles in oocyte meiotic maturation remain unclear. In this study, we found that although no specific ERK8 signal was detected in oocyte at the germinal vesicle stage, ERK8 began to migrate to the periphery of chromosomes shortly after germinal vesicle breakdown. At prometaphase I, metaphase I (MI), anaphase I, telophase I, and metaphase II (MII) stages, ERK8 was stably detected at the spindles. By taxol treatment, we clarified that the ERK8 signal was stained on the spindle fibers as well as microtubule asters in MI and MII oocytes. In fertilized eggs, the ERK8 signal was not observed in the two pronuclei stages. At prometaphase, metaphase, and anaphase of the first mitosis, ERK8 was detected on the mitotic spindle. ERK8 knock down by antibody microinjection and specific siRNA caused abnormal spindles, failed chromosome congression, and decreased first polar body extrusion. Taken together, our results suggest that ERK8 plays an important role in spindle organization during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo cleavage.
Written language skills in children with specific language impairment
Authors: Williams Gareth J. , Larkin Rebecca F. , Blaggan Samarita 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundYoung children are often required to carry out writing tasks in an educational context. However, little is known about the patterns of writing skills that children with specific language impairment (CwSLI) have relative to their typically developing peers.AimsTo assess the written language skills of CwSLI and compare these with typically developing peers. It also aimed to assess the relative contributions of reading and spelling skills to written language skills.Methods & ProceduresForty‐five children took part in the study: 15 were CwSLI, 15 were a chronological age match and 15 were a spelling age match. The children took part in a range of tasks that assessed writing, reading and spelling abilities.Outcomes & ResultsIn their written language and compared with typical age‐matched peers, CwSLI used a significantly less diverse range of words, had lower quality written compositions overall, and lower levels of organization, unity and coherence. They also had a higher proportion of spelling errors. Overall, writing skills were strongly associated with reading skills.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe findings demonstrate the challenges CwSLI have in producing good‐quality written text and that these challenges are likely to be related to the linguistic skills profile shown by these children.
Recent progress in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Akagi Satoshi , Geshi Masaya , Nagai Takashi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos can develop to the blastocyst stage at a rate similar to that of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization. However, the full‐term developmental rate of SCNT embryos is very low, owing to the high embryonic and fetal losses after embryo transfer. In addition, increased birth weight and postnatal mortality are observed at high rates in cloned calves. The low efficiency of SCNT is probably attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the donor nucleus and most of the developmental problems of clones are thought to be caused by epigenetic defects. Applications of SCNT will depend on improvement in the efficiency of production of healthy cloned calves. In this review, we discuss problems and recent progress in bovine SCNT.