bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular analyses indicate profuse bacterial diversity in primary and post- treatment endodontic infections within a cohort from the United Arab Emirates-A preliminary study
Authors: B. Abraham Sheela , Al-Marzooq Farah , Samaranayake Lakshman , Hamoudi Rifat Akram , Himratul-Aznita Wan Harun , Aly Ahmed Hany Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Endodontic microbiota appears to undergo evolutionary changes during disease progression from inflammation to necrosis and post-treatment. The aim of this study was to compare microbiome composition and diversity in primary and post-treatment endodontic infections from a cohort of patients from the UAE.

Design
Intracanal samples were collected from primarily infected (n = 10) and post-treatment infected (n = 10) root canals of human teeth using sterile paper points. Bacterial DNA was amplified from seven hypervariable regions (V2–V4 and V6–V9) of the 16S rRNA gene, then sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The data was analyzed using appropriate bioinformatic tools.

Results
Analyses of all the samples revealed eight major bacterial phyla, 112 genera and 260 species. Firmicutes was the most representative phylum in both groups and was significantly more abundant in the post-treatment (54.4%) than in primary (32.2%) infections (p>0.05). A total of 260 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, of which 126 (48.5%) were shared between the groups, while 83 (31.9%) and 51 (19.6%) disparate species were isolated from primary and post-treatment infections, respectively. A significant difference in beta, but not alpha diversity was noted using several different indices (p< 0.05). Differential abundance analysis indicated that, Prevotella maculosa, Streptococcus constellatus, Novosphigobium sediminicola and Anaerococcus octavius were more abundant in primary infections while Enterrococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium dentium, Olsenella profusa and Actinomyces dentalis were more abundant in post-treatment infections (p <0.05).

Conclusion
Significant differences in the microbiome composition and diversity in primary and post-treatment endodontic infections were noted in our UAE cohort. Such compositional differences of microbiota at various stages of infection could be due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacting the root canal ecosystem during disease progression, as well as during their therapeutic management. Identification of the key microbiota in primarily and secondarily infected root canals can guide in the management of these infections.
Dystrophin S3059 phosphorylation partially attenuates denervation atrophy in mouse tibialis anterior muscles
Authors: Swiderski Kristy , Naim Timur , Trieu Jennifer , Chee Annabel , Herold Marco J. , Kueh Andrew J. , Goodman Craig A. , Gregorevic Paul , Lynch Gordon S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe dystrophin protein has well‐characterized roles in force transmission and maintaining membrane integrity during muscle contraction. Studies have reported decreased expression of dystrophin in atrophying muscles during wasting conditions, and that restoration of dystrophin can attenuate atrophy, suggesting a role in maintaining muscle mass. Phosphorylation of S3059 within the cysteine‐rich region of dystrophin enhances binding between dystrophin and β‐dystroglycan, and mimicking phosphorylation at this site by site‐directed mutagenesis attenuates myotube atrophy in vitro. To determine whether dystrophin phosphorylation can attenuate muscle wasting in vivo, CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to generate mice with whole body mutations of S3059 to either alanine (DmdS3059A) or glutamate (DmdS3059E), to mimic a loss of, or constitutive phosphorylation of S3059, on all endogenous dystrophin isoforms, respectively. Sciatic nerve transection was performed on these mice to determine whether phosphorylation of dystrophin S3059 could attenuate denervation atrophy. At 14 days post denervation, atrophy of tibialis anterior (TA) but not gastrocnemius or soleus muscles, was partially attenuated in DmdS3059E mice relative to WT mice. Attenuation of atrophy was associated with increased expression of β‐dystroglycan in TA muscles of DmdS3059E mice. Dystrophin S3059 phosphorylation can partially attenuate denervation‐induced atrophy, but may have more significant impact in less severe modes of muscle wasting.
The intensity of subacute local biological effects after the implantation of ALBO-OS dental material based on hydroxyapatite and poly(lactide-co-glycolide): in vivo evaluation in rats
Authors: Ilić Veljko , Biočanin Vladimir , Antonijević Đorđe , Petrović Božana , Jokanović Vukoman , Ilić Dragan , Danilović Vesna , Japundžić-Žigon Nina , Paraš Smiljana , Milutinović Jovana , Milutinović-Smiljanić Sanja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the intensity of the subacute local biological effects after implantation and osseoconductive potential of novel hydroxyapatite-based bone substitute coated with poly (lactide-co-glycolide), named ALBO-OS, in comparison to Bio-Oss®.

Methods
Fifteen male Wistar rats, randomly assigned into groups: 10, 20, and 30 days (n꞊5), were subcutaneously implanted with ALBO-OS and Bio-Oss®. Furthermore, artificially made bone defects on both rat’s tibias were implanted with experimental materials. Unimplanted defects represented negative control. After the animals’ euthanizing, tissue samples were prepared and analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically.

Results
Normal healing of the epithelial tissue was observed, with no signs of infection or necrosis. Minimal vascular congestion was noted immediately around the graft, with no signs of tissue oedema, with a minimal capsule thickness. The applied material did not cause an inflammatory response (IR) of significant intensity, and 20 days after implantation, the IR was mainly assessed as minimal. The tibial specimen showed that ALBO-OS has good osseoconductive potential, similar to Bio-Oss®, as well as low levels of acute and subacute inflammation.

Conclusions
The tested material exhibits satisfying biocompatibility, similar to Bio-Oss®.
China’s International Communication to the Arab World in the Era of Integrated Media
Authors: Liu Xinlu , Dong Qi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The habits of Arab audiences in using media and the development logic of the media industry in the Arab world have undergone major changes in light of the rapid development of information technology, and integrated development between traditional and modern media has become a general trend and a key in international media competitions between world powers. China’s international communication to the Arab world must actively respond to this change. On the one hand, we must understand and strengthen the importance and urgency of international communication to the Arab world from the strategic height of the rise of a great power. On the other hand, we must make efforts at the tactical level by meeting users’ requirements, focusing on the contents, and applying technological innovation.
Digital Methods to Promote Inclusive and Effective Learning in Schools: A Mixed Methods Research Study
Authors: Stalmach Aleksandra , D’Elia Paola , Di Sano Sergio , Casale Gino 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates 14 digitally enhanced learning methods, shedding light on students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive digital learning environments. We seek to fill the gap in the literature by specifically investigating methods suitable for students with SEN. A survey among experts has been carried out to assess learning methods that are effectively applicable in inclusive digital learning environments. A mixed method: quantitative and qualitative data analysis with the use of a constant comparative method has been applied to synthesise and compare experts’ answers. Quantitative data analysis showed that cooperative learning, digital problem/project-based learning, and virtual exchange are the most suitable methods for all students, whereas digital problem/project-based learning, cooperative learning, and service-learning were agreed upon as the most appropriate for students with SEN. Answers to open questions, evaluated using a qualitative approach, showed that the effectiveness of digital approaches is heavily reliant on the skills, experience, willingness, confidence, and knowledge of teachers implementing them. Employing cooperative learning and digital problem/project-based learning, particularly by experienced and highly skilled teachers, has the potential to effectively support all students, including those with SEN, in digital learning environments.
The European commitment to human-centered technology: the integral role of HCI in the EU AI Act’s success
Authors: Calero Valdez André , Heine Moreen , Franke Thomas , Jochems Nicole , Jetter Hans-Christian , Schrills Tim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The evolution of AI is set to profoundly reshape the future. The European Union, recognizing this impending prominence, has enacted the AI Act, regulating market access for AI-based systems. A salient feature of the Act is to guard democratic and humanistic values by focusing regulation on transparency, explainability, and the human ability to understand and control AI systems. Hereby, the EU AI Act does not merely specify technological requirements for AI systems. The EU issues a democratic call for human-centered AI systems and, in turn, an interdisciplinary research agenda for human-centered innovation in AI development. Without robust methods to assess AI systems and their effect on individuals and society, the EU AI Act may lead to repeating the mistakes of the General Data Protection Regulation of the EU and to rushed, chaotic, ad-hoc, and ambiguous implementation, causing more confusion than lending guidance. Moreover, determined research activities in Human-AI interaction will be pivotal for both regulatory compliance and the advancement of AI in a manner that is both ethical and effective. Such an approach will ensure that AI development aligns with human values and needs, fostering a technology landscape that is innovative, responsible, and an integral part of our society.
Teaching citation to university students
Authors: Gardner Sheena , Whiteside Karin , Yakovchuk Nadya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A frequent comment by academic writing tutors is ‘use more citation’, yet this may not be helpful. University students may have difficulty with citation practices for several reasons. Prior to university, students may be encouraged to develop arguments based on personal opinions. At university, the risks of plagiarism are emphasised. Finally, students may be uncertain about challenging ‘expert’ views and how to assert their own voices critically and in ways that are acceptable in the disciplines and genres they are producing. This paper integrates findings from research that reveals the complexity of citation practices which could be presented as an intricate system network that might be practical for research purposes or for teacher education, but is more complicated than most students need. Three sample lessons are presented to show how research findings have been simplified for teaching students about citation. We are therefore able to compare theory that presents many logical possibilities, with research that presents probabilities and findings from specific contexts, with pedagogical practice in sample lessons that condense and often simplify theory and research in order to influence student writing.
Near-infrared indocyanine green angiography in recognizing bowel ischemia in emergency surgery: game changer or overrated?
Authors: Christofi Anastasia , Traska Thilo , Dimitroulis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Assessing bowel perfusion in emergency intestinal surgery can prove challenging even for experienced surgeons. The necessity of a technological tool assisting clinicians is undisputed. Near-infrared indocyanine green (NIR-ICG) angiography has been increasingly used in elective colorectal surgery to evaluate intestinal perfusion with promising results. This review aims to answer whether a similar outcome can be observed in acute cases of bowel ischemia. We conducted online research of the literature using keywords such as “indocyanine green”, “bowel”, “emergency” and “ischemia”, to identify articles concerning the use of ICG-angiography in evaluating bowel perfusion during emergency operations. PubMed was the primary database. 11 articles were included in this systematic review with a total of 358 patients. Most papers showed a positive effect after using NIR-ICG-angiography, whereas one study indicated the limitations of the method by exhibiting increased reoperation and mortality rates. Moreover, a significant variation in indocyanine green (ICG) dose and fluorescence identification systems was observed. NIR-ICG-angiography has the potential to become a fundamental tool in emergency intestinal operations. Nevertheless, additional research, especially high-quality, randomized studies, as well as quantification techniques are still needed to support these preliminary observations.
Accelerated biological brain aging in major depressive disorder
Authors: How Eng Han , Chin Shar-Maine , Teo Chuin Hau , Parhar Ishwar S. , Soga Tomoko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients commonly encounter multiple types of functional disabilities, such as social, physical, and role functioning. MDD is related to an accreted risk of brain atrophy, aging-associated brain diseases, and mortality. Based on recently available studies, there are correlations between notable biological brain aging and MDD in adulthood. Despite several clinical and epidemiological studies that associate MDD with aging phenotypes, the underlying mechanisms in the brain remain unknown. The key areas in the study of biological brain aging in MDD are structural brain aging, impairment in functional connectivity, and the impact on cognitive function and age-related disorders. Various measurements have been used to determine the severity of brain aging, such as the brain age gap estimate (BrainAGE) or brain-predicted age difference (BrainPAD). This review summarized the current results of brain imaging data on the similarities between the manifestation of brain structural changes and the age-associated processes in MDD. This review also provided recent evidence of BrainPAD or BrainAGE scores in MDD, brain structural abnormalities, and functional connectivity, which are commonly observed between MDD and age-associated processes. It serves as a basis of current reference for future research on the potential areas of investigation for diagnostic, preventive, and potentially therapeutic purposes for brain aging in MDD.
In vitro and in silico investigations of the pro-apoptotic activity of Opuntia ficus-indica cladode extracts against K562 cells
Authors: Öncül Şule , Becer Eda , Mega Tiber Pınar , Teralı Kerem , Aykac Asli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) are thought to be an excellent source of bioactive compounds, making them an aspirant for the manufacture of health-promoting compounds. This study aims at exploring the pro-apoptotic effects of spiny and thornless OFI cladode extracts on the human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562).

Methods
The ethanol extraction method was used for preparing cladode extract. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assays. Membrane permeability/damage was detected by annexin V-binding assays, and mitochondrial damage/alteration was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential measurements. The protein expression quantities of Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed by western blotting. The pro-apoptotic potentials of the main spiny and thornless OFI extract constituents were investigated structurally and mechanistically using protein–ligand docking and interaction profiling.

Results
Spiny OFI extract displayed a stronger cytotoxic effect than thornless OFI extract on K562 cells. In silico findings agreed with the pro-apoptotic action observed in vitro.

Conclusions
Finally, our findings imply that OFI extracts cause apoptosis in K562 cells in order to have anti-cancer effects.
Développement du modèle d'apprentissage des compétences de réflexion d'ordre supérieur (hots) assisté par google sites pour la compréhension écrite niveau A2
Authors: AZIZAH Sofyani Nur , SUNENDAR Dadang , HARDINI Tri Indri 
Published: July 2024

RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude vise à produire des modèles d'apprentissage et des supports valides basés sur les compétences de réflexion d'ordre supérieur (HOTS) pour l'apprentissage de la compréhension écrite au niveau A2. Il s'agit d'une étude de recherche et développement (RD) portant sur le développement d'un modèle d'apprentissage des compétences de réflexion d'ordre supérieur (HOTS) assisté par des sites Google pour l'apprentissage de la compréhension écrite au niveau A2. La recherche a été menée en utilisant la méthode ADDIE (analyse, conception, développement, mise en œuvre et évaluation). Les données ont été obtenues par des techniques d'entretien, des questionnaires et des fiches de validation d'experts. Les résultats montrent que la phase de mise en œuvre du modèle comprend les phases d'activité suivantes : activation des connaissances, analyse du texte, évaluation des informations et création. Sur la base des validations, ce modèle et les supports d'apprentissage peuvent être utilisés pour l'apprentissage de la compréhension écrite au niveau A2 avec un score de 80% (mention très bien). Mots-clés : Compétences de réflexion d'ordre supérieur, Compréhension écrite niveau A2, Google sites, Modèle d’apprentissage. ABSTRACT. This study aims to produce valid learning models and materials based on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) for reading comprehension learning at A2 level. The work is a research and development (RD) study on the development of a Google site-assisted higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) learning model for reading comprehension learning at A2 level. The research was conducted using the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) method. Data were obtained through interview techniques, questionnaires, and expert validation sheets. The results show that the implementation phase of the model includes the following activity phases: knowledge activation, text analysis, information evaluation and creation. Based on the validations, this model and the learning materials can be used for learning reading comprehension at A2 level with a score of 80% (very good). Keywords : Google sites, Higher order thinking skills, Learning model development, Reading comprehension in french level A2
Discours et prédiscours, dans le contexte de la COVID-19, en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: SANOGO Amidou 
Published: July 2024

RÉSUMÉ : Dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire mondialement ressentie, certaines stratégies politiques sont portées par les discours adressés aux populations. Dans le contexte de la COVID-19, les messages des instances politiques semblent se déduire les unes des autres par voie hiérarchique. Cette pratique langagière permet de déterminer un prédiscours dont dérive un discours. Celui-ci doit préciser les intentions et les idées de ce lieu mémoriel de discours, en identifiant des actions à mener pour endiguer la pandémie. Ainsi, ce discours revêt une visée actionnelle par un acte de langage constatif. Dès lors, il convient de nous interroger sur le rapport entre le langage et l’action : Comment se manifeste, dans le discours politique, le nouage entre le prédiscours qui donne des orientations et le discours qui entend traduire en acte des intentions ? Quels sont les mécanismes et les opérations linguistiques qui font appel au prédiscours ? L’étude vise à comprendre les relations actionnelles entre prédiscours et discours dans la chaîne de transmission des décisions politiques. Il faut déjà énoncer que certains phénomènes linguistiques traduisent la valeur actionnelle des paroles de décisions. L’étude propose une nouvelle approche de l’analyse textuelle en référence à la théorie des opérations linguistiques d’Antoine Culioli et à la théorie fonctionnelle d’André Martinet. Mots-clés : prédiscours, inter-discours, discours, action, langage, COVID-19 ABSTRACT :In the context of the worldwide health crisis, certain political strategies are supported by the speeches intended for populations. In the case of COVID-19, the messages of political bodies seem to be hierarchically inferred from each other by hierarchical means. This language practice helps to determine a prediscourse from which a speech derives. The latter must specify the intentions and ideas of this memorial place of speech, by identifying actions to be taken to contain the pandemic. Thus, this discourse takes on an action-oriented aim through a constant speech act. The question therefore relates to the relationship between language and action: How does political discourse manifest in the knotting between the prediscourse which gives orientations and the discourse which translates intentions into action ? What are the linguistic mechanisms and operations that call for prediscourse ? The study aims to understand the action relationships between prediscourse and discourse in the chain of transmission of political decisions. It’s important to state that certain linguistic phenomena translate the action value of the words of decisions. The study proposes a new approach to textual analysis with reference to A. Culioli’s theory of linguistic operations and to A. Martinet’s functional theory. Keywords: prediction, inter-speech, speech, action, language, COVID-19