bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Order‐order transitions of a triblock copolymer with a homopolymer (ABC/A) blend film induced by saturated solvent vapor annealing
Authors: Yu Xinhong , Luo Chunxia , Zhao Qiaoqiao , Yang Hua , Han Yanchun 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe morphology transition of binary mixtures of polystyrene‐block‐poly(butadiene)‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)(SBV) triblock and polystyrene (PS) homopolymer thin films was investigated as a function of the volume fraction of added homopolymer and the annealing time in benzene vapor. It was found that the weight ratio of PS in the blends influenced the transition process. When PS content was >5%, the order‐order transition (OOT) of core‐shell cylinders (C) →sphere in “diblock Gyroid” (sdG) → sphere in lamella (sL) → sphere (S) was observed, which was similar to ABC triblock copolymer except for the increased surface area of the PS phase. When PS content reached to 10–30%, the OOT in the sequence of C → sL → S was observed. The disappearance of the Gyroid phase is due to the change of the effective volume fraction. Further increasing the PS content, C phase also disappeared and sL → S was expected to take place. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2014, 52, 1030–1036
An improved islanding detection method based on correlation technique using reactive power variation
Authors: Yu Byung‐Gyu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an improved islanding detection method based on a correlation technique using reactive power variation for a three‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter system. Using a conventional reactive power variation (RPV) method for anti‐islanding, the reactive power component of PV inverter output varies periodically within a range of fixed magnitude for the inverter output frequency to go beyond the threshold of the over‐frequency relay or under‐frequency relay. While the conventional RPV method depends on the frequency relays, the proposed method uses a correlation factor between the commanded reactive power and the corresponding inverter frequency as an islanding detection indicator without relying on the frequency relays. The correlation factor of the proposed method is based on the fact that the commanded reactive power of a PV has a strong correlation with the frequency of the inverter voltage when islanding occurs. The proposed method has fast islanding detection capability and high power quality. In order to verify the proposed islanding detection method, the anti‐islanding experimental results of a 250‐kW three‐phase PV inverter by IEEE Std. 1547.1‐2005 are provided. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The many faces of halogen bonding: a review of theoretical models and methods
Authors: Wolters Lando P. , Schyman Patric , Pavan Mariela J. , Jorgensen William L. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Kozuch Sebastian 
Published: June 2014

Halogen bonds, the formally noncovalent interactions where the halogen acts as a Lewis acid, have brought several controversies to the theoretical world regarding its nature and components, e.g., charge transfer (CT), electrostatics, dispersion, and polarization. The debate on whether all characteristics are accounted for by electrostatics is examined, highlighting the importance of the CT and repulsive interactions. A number of strongly halogen‐bonded complexes are as covalent as metal–ligand coordination bonds. Different levels of computational methods are reviewed with the objective of finding the best accuracy/cost ratios. The unusual electronic anisotropy of the halogen donor and its interaction with a Lewis base demand specific calculation schemes. From the wave‐function theory methods, only the ones with empirical corrections (spin‐component‐scaled MP2 or CCSD, and MP2.5) are suitable when CCSD(T) is unattainable. Density functional theory functionals with a high amount of exact exchange are fast and reliable methods for halogen bonds, but double hybrids are more robust if other types of interactions are involved. Molecular mechanics methods can be useful, but only when specific corrections are added to compensate for the inability of such methods to describe CT. The most common method introduces a virtual site with a partial positive charge to account for the quantum chemical effect of the halogen bond. This methodology has been successfully applied to study protein–ligand interactions for drug design. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:523–540. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1189This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Thermochemistry
[B(O–C6H4–CN)4]– based Silver and Copper Coordination Polymers
Authors: Lund Henrik , Harloff Jörg , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: June 2014

Abstract A series of new coordination polymers bearing the [B(O–C6H4–CN)4]– anion was synthesized. Two new, one dimensional coordination frameworks of the type M[B(O–C6H4–CN)4] (M = Ag, Cu) were obtained by salt metathesis. The reactivity towards organic Lewis‐bases was studied. The reaction with bidentate ligands yielded two dimensional networks with the general formula [M(L)][B(O–C6H4–CN)4] {L = 2,2′‐bipyridine, 4,4′‐bipyridine, 1,2‐bis(pyridyl)ethane, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane}. The synthesis, properties and single crystal structure are reported.
Patterns of spatio‐temporal variation in the survival rates of a viviparous lizard: the interacting effects of sex, reproductive trade‐offs, aridity, and human‐induced disturbance
Authors: Pérez‐Mendoza Hibraim A. , Zúñiga‐Vega J. Jaime , Martorell Carlos , Zurita‐Gutiérrez Yazmín H. , Solano‐Zavaleta Israel , Hernández‐Rosas Ana L. , Molina‐Moctezuma Alejandro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExamination of the spatial and temporal variation in survival rates provides insight on how the action of natural selection varies among populations of single species. In this study, we used mark‐recapture data from seven populations of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus grammicus in Central Mexico and a multi‐model inference framework to examine interpopulation variation in the survival of adult males and females. We aimed to analyze the potential effects of aridity, human‐induced disturbance, and reproductive costs on the survival rates of these lizards. For females in particular, we also searched for a negative relationship between litter size (adjusted for female size) and female survival. Our results demonstrate seasonal changes in survival for males and females. In three out of our seven study sites female survival decreased during the birthing season. In contrast, male survival did not appear to decrease during the mating season. We found an interaction between site‐specific aridity and reproductive season affecting female survival. A decrease in female survival during the birthing season was observed in relatively arid sites. In one of these arid sites we found a negative effect of size‐adjusted litter size on female survival: females producing more offspring than those expected for their size were more likely to die. This result represents evidence of a physiological trade‐off for gravid females occurring in at least one of the studied populations. Interpopulation variation in the degree of human‐induced disturbance could not explain the observed patterns of spatial variation in survival rates. Our results demonstrate wide variation in sex‐specific survival patterns of this viviparous lizard and provide evidence that negative associations between reproduction and survival are highly dependent on the local environmental conditions.
Is There a Trade-off Between Parent Care and Self-care?
Authors: Arora Kanika , Wolf Douglas A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Caregiving for family members is often described as a 36-hour day. Previous literature has suggested that family caregivers have little time to attend to their own health needs, such as participating in leisure-time physical activity. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we analyze whether time-allocation decisions reflect a conflict between time devoted to informal care and time devoted to self-health promotion through physical activity. The empirical model is a system of four correlated equations, wherein the dependent variables are hours spent caregiving, frequency of moderate and vigorous physical activity, and hours spent in paid work. Results from joint estimation of the four equations indicate limited evidence of a competition between time spent in caregiving and frequency of physical activity. Parental factors that increase allocation of care time to parents do not comprehensively induce reductions in the frequency of any type of physical activity, or in hours of work, among either men or women.
Separation anxiety disorder in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates
Authors: Franz A.P. , Rateke L. , Hartmann T. , McLaughlin N. , Torres A.R. , do Rosário M.C. , Filho E.C.M. , Ferrão Y.A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) tend to present higher morbidity than do those with OCD alone. However, the relationship between OCD and SAD has yet to be fully explored.Method:This was a cross-sectional study using multiple logistic regression to identify differences between OCD patients with SAD (OCD + SAD,n= 260) and without SAD (OCD,n= 695), in terms of clinical and socio-demographic variables. Data were extracted from those collected between 2005 and 2009 via the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders project.Results:SAD was currently present in only 42 (4.4%) of the patients, although 260 (27.2%) had a lifetime diagnosis of the disorder. In comparison with the OCD group patients, patients with SAD + OCD showed higher chance to present sensory phenomena, to undergo psychotherapy, and to have more psychiatric comorbidities, mainly bulimia.Conclusion:In patients with primary OCD, comorbid SAD might be related to greater personal dysfunction and a poorer response to treatment, since sensory phenomena may be a confounding aspect on diagnosis and therapeutics. Patients with OCD + SAD might be more prone to developing specific psychiatric comorbidities, especially bulimia. Our results suggest that SAD symptom assessment should be included in the management and prognostic evaluation of OCD, although the psychobiological role that such symptoms play in OCD merits further investigation.
The Isle of Wight Suicide Study: a case study of suicide in a limited geographic area
Authors: Shahpesandy H. , Oakes M. , van Heeswijck Ad 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundSuicide is a major public health problem, with mental disorders being one of its major risk factors. The high incidence of suicide on the Isle of Wight has motivated this study, the first of its kind on suicide in this small geographic area.AimThe aim of the study was to identify socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for suicide in the population of service users and non-service users, and gender-related characteristics of suicidal behaviour in a limited geographic region.MethodData were collected on 68 cases of suicide (ICD-10×60-X84) from residents of the Isle of Wight District between January 2006 and December 2009. All data were statistically analysed using Pearson’s χ2 test and Yates’ correction for continuity.ResultsThe mean annual suicide rates over the period were 5.65 per 100 000 for women and 19.28 for men. Significantly (p=0.0006), more men than women (male/female ratio 3:1) died as a result of suicide. Relatively (p=0.07) more women (56.2%) than men (32.7%), and significantly more (p=0.05) service users (45.3%) than non-service users (13.3%) were unemployed. Significantly, more (p=0.0006) service users (64%) than non-service users (20%) had a history of suicide attempts and relatively (p=0.06) more (50.9%) service users than non-service users (20%) had attended the accident and emergency department before their death; 69% had an adverse life event within a year before their suicide. Depression as the most common Axis-I illness was diagnosed in 36% of all; but significantly (p=0.008) more in women (66.6%) than men (17.3%). Relatively (p=0.07) more women (56.2%) than men (32.7%) have contacted services before their death. Suicide by hanging was the most common cause, accounting for the death of 71% of men and 50% of women.ConclusionsThe study found that 80% of all suicides occurred in people suffering from mental disorder. Men are at a significant risk of suicide. Depressive disorders in women and stress-related disorders in men were the most common mental disorders. Treating mental disorders and co-morbid conditions seems to be one of the key elements in suicide prevention strategies.
Attitudes to and practice of bibliotherapy among senior trainees in psychiatry
Authors: Macsuibhne S. , Abu O. R. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesThis study was to assess the attitudes and practice of, senior psychiatric trainees with regard to bibliotherapy.MethodsA brief online survey was used to assess the attitudes to and practice of bibliotherapy among senior psychiatric trainees in Ireland. There were 34 responses out of 82 (response rate 41.5%). Respondents were asked to indicate their agreement with three statements.ResultsThe majority 27 (79.4%) strongly agreed or agreed that they were comfortable recommending books, with none strongly disagreeing and 4 (11.8%) disagreeing. Over half 20 (58.8%) of respondents strongly disagreed or disagreed that self help books could only be a poor substitute for psychotherapy or counselling, with none strongly agreeing and 2 (5.9%) agreeing. Many 19 (55.9%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that self help books could do more harm than good, with 8 (23.5%) agreeing or strongly agreeing. Finally respondents were asked to state their awareness of prescribe-a-book schemes. 4 (11.8%) respondents reported awareness, with 30 (88.2%) unaware of any such schemes.ConclusionsAlthough majority of senior psychiatric trainees were comfortable recommending self help books and did not consider them harmful, most were unaware of such schemes in Ireland.
Analysis of Vibrations in Fractional Order Magneto-Thermo-Viscoelasticity with Diffusion
Authors: Kalkal K. K. , Deswal S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPresent paper is aimed at studying the effects of fractional order parameter, magnetic field, viscosity and diffusion on the thermoelastic interactions in an infinite body whose surface suffers a mechanical load. Body is assumed to be unstrained and unstressed initially and has uniform temperature. Formulation is applied to the fractional generalization of Lord-Shulman theory and the equations are tackled by employing Laplace and Fourier transforms. Expressions for different fields such as displacement, temperature, stress, concentration and chemical potential in physical domain are obtained using a numerical inversion technique. Finally, numerical solution is carried out for copper material and corresponding graphs are plotted to illustrate and compare theoretical results. Some particular cases of interest have also been deduced from the present study. Numerical results predict finite speeds of propagation for thermoelastic and diffusive waves.
The Tie That Snapped: Bubonic Plague and Mill Labour in Bombay, 1896–1898
Authors: Sarkar Aditya 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn September 1896, the city of Bombay witnessed the beginning of a long-drawn-out epidemic crisis, with the outbreak of bubonic plague. This article investigates one particular dimension of this crisis – its effects upon the city's cotton textile mills, and its profound, though temporary, alteration of the relations between employers and workers. It argues that the structure of industrial relations in the textile mills in the second half of the nineteenth century rested upon the retention of wage arrears by mill managements, which forced workers into permanent debt, and bound them to the mill and their employers. The demographic and industrial crisis ushered in during the plague years, the article shows, cracked open this structure of industrial control, and workers were able to sustain a new, fleeting system of industrial “regulation from below”, based on the daily payment of wages. Through a study of the tensions in textile mills in 1897, situated within the broader context of a crisis of urban labour relations, the article shows the ways in which industrial relations were both deconstructed and reconstituted in a new form.
Evaluating ear cartilage piercing practices in London, UK
Authors: Mandavia R , Kapoor K , Ouyang J , Osmani H 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground:Ear cartilage piercing is increasingly popular and has a significant complication rate. Contrary to popular belief, there are no minimum qualifications required to practice ear piercing. This study evaluated ear cartilage piercing practices in London, UK.Method:Practitioners at 25 piercing parlours completed a telephone questionnaire assessing piercing practice.Results:Ninety-six per cent of practitioners were aware of the risk of infection post-piercing. Four per cent, 12 per cent and 0 per cent of practitioners were aware of keloid scarring, hypertrophic scarring and cauliflower ear respectively. No practitioners were aware of any other complications. Their consent forms did not document any ear cartilage complications. Twenty-eight per cent of participants advised clients to seek medical attention following a complication. Forty per cent did not provide written post-piercing guidance.Conclusion:Piercing practitioners were insufficiently aware of ear cartilage piercing complications. It is unlikely that informed consent was obtained prior to piercing. The post-piercing practice of the majority of parlours did not follow published national guidance.
Treatment of refractory Aspergillus otomycosis with voriconazole: case series and review
Authors: Ho Hsu-Chueh , Hsiao Shih-Hsuan , Lee Cheng-Yung , Tsai Chen-Chi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground:Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum azole exhibiting strong anti-Aspergillus activity and good long-term tolerance. However, the evidence for voriconazole efficacy against refractory Aspergillus otomycosis is weak.Method:We reviewed the medical records of patients with Aspergillus otomycosis treated with voriconazole from January 2008 to June 2012 in a Taiwanese regional hospital. Demographic data and information regarding underlying diseases, clinical features, treatment and outcome were assessed.Results:In total, 14 cases of Aspergillus otomycosis were treated with voriconazole, including 5 patients with Aspergillus invasive otitis externa. All patients had failed to respond to local treatment, antibiotics or topical agents. One case was lost to follow up. The symptoms of two patients recurred after voriconazole treatment: one patient received a second 12-week course of voriconazole and was cured; and symptoms of the other patient recurred after a second 12-week course of voriconazole, leading to surgical debridement. The remaining 11 patients were cured by voriconazole treatment without extensive surgical debridement.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that voriconazole can be a very effective and convenient therapeutic option for the management of refractory Aspergillus otomycosis.
Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in deer ked pupae, adult keds and moose blood in Finland
Authors: KORHONEN E. M. , PÉREZ VERA C. , PULLIAINEN A.T. , SIRONEN T. , AALTONEN K. , KORTET R. , HÄRKÖNEN L. , HÄRKÖNEN S. , PAAKKONEN T. , NIEMINEN P. , MUSTONEN A-M. , YLÖNEN H. , VAPALAHTI O. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThe deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of cervids that harbours haemotrophic Bartonella. A prerequisite for the vector competence of the deer ked is the vertical transmission of the pathogen from the mother to its progeny and transstadial transmission from pupa to winged adult. We screened 1154 pupae and 59 pools of winged adult deer keds from different areas in Finland for Bartonella DNA using PCR. Altogether 13 pupa samples and one winged adult deer ked were positive for the presence of Bartonella DNA. The amplified sequences were closely related to either B. schoenbuchensis or B. bovis. The same lineages were identified in eight blood samples collected from free-ranging moose. This is the first demonstration of Bartonella spp. DNA in a winged adult deer ked and, thus, evidence for potential transstadial transmission of Bartonella spp. in the species.
The Environment for Development Initiative: lessons learned in research, academic capacity building and policy intervention to manage resources for sustainable growth
Authors: Sterner Thomas , Alem Yonas , Alpízar Francisco , Berck Cyndi Spindell , Chavez Rebolledo Carlos Alberto , Dikgang Johane , Kirama Stephen , Köhlin Gunnar , Mariara-Kabubo Jane , Mekonnen Alemu , Xu Jintao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article reviews the history of the Environment for Development (EfD) initiative, its activities in capacity building and policy-oriented research, and case studies at its centres in Chile, China, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania. EfD promotes research-based policies to manage natural resources as engines of development. Since 1991, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) has provided funding for students from developing countries to earn a PhD at the Environmental Economics Unit (EEU) of the University of Gothenburg. Returning home, these economists face institutional and academic gaps that limit the adoption of research-based policies. In response, the first EfD centre was founded in 2004, and six more followed. Research focuses on agriculture, climate, fisheries, parks, wildlife, forestry, energy and policy design. This has yielded 200 peer-reviewed articles. Successful policy outcomes depend on relationships with policy makers, community involvement in livelihood strategies, strengthened institutional support, interdisciplinary approaches, and dissemination of research results.
Preparing for family caregiving in specialized palliative home care: An ongoing process
Authors: Holm Maja , Henriksson Anette , Carlander Ida , Wengström Yvonne , Öhlen Joakim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Family caregivers have been given increasing importance in palliative home care and face a great responsibility as caregivers for patients suffering from incurable illness. Preparedness for caregiving has been found to moderate negative effects and promote well-being in family caregivers. The aim of our study was to explore family caregivers' own experiences of preparing for caregiving in specialized palliative home care.Method:An interpretive descriptive design was chosen. A strategic sampling method was applied with a focus on participants who rated their preparedness as high and low using a structured instrument. Qualitative interviews were completed with 12 family caregivers. They were analyzed using a constant-comparative technique.Results:Family caregivers described their experience of preparing for caregiving as an ongoing process, rather than something done in advance. The process was illustrated through three subprocesses: “awaring” (realizing the seriousness of the situation), “adjusting” (managing a challenging situation), and “anticipating” (planning for the inevitable loss).Significance of results:Knowledge about the process of preparedness for caregiving and its subprocesses could be valuable to healthcare professionals, given the positive effects shown by preparedness in this context. Being able to recognize the different subprocesses of preparedness for caregiving could provide healthcare professionals with opportunities to support family caregivers in managing them. Preparedness for caregiving should be seen as a process to be supported and promoted continuously in palliative home care, not just at enrollment.