bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of a Chinese strain of coxsackie B3 virus infection in a newborn in Germany in 2011: a case report
Authors: Ronellenfitsch Sebastian , Tabatabai Julia , Böttcher Sindy , Diedrich Sabine , Frommhold David , Schubert-Bast Susanne , Poeschl Johannes , Schnitzler Paul 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Enteroviruses commonly encounter babies and children and infections present in a wide variety of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection, benign illness, and aseptic meningitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease to severe life-threatening disease. Some newborns develop severe disease in the first 2 weeks of life and long-term sequelae may occur among survivors.

Case presentation
We present a case report of a Caucasian newborn baby boy with severe encephalitis and systemic coxsackievirus B3 infection. The coincidence of maternal infection as well as previous mild respiratory illness in his sister suggests either prenatal or horizontal postnatal transmission. An electroencephalogram showed a severe pathologic pattern with theta-delta-rhythm and spike-wave complexes on both hemispheres. We also observed an unusual prolonged viremia for a period of 6 weeks. Due to the lack of specific antiviral treatment options, the supportive management included ventilation and medical treatment of seizures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a genogroup D2 virus previously exclusively detected in China and now described in Europe for the first time.

Conclusions
Enteroviral infection is an important differential diagnosis in neonatal encephalitis. Prolonged viremia must be taken into account and might correlate with disease severity. The newly observed enterovirus genotype D2 is spreading from Asia to other continents.
An audio-magnetotelluric investigation of the Otjiwarongo and Katima Mulilo regions, Namibia
Authors: Share Pieter-Ewald , Jones Alan G. , Muller Mark R. , Khoza David T. , Miensopust Marion P. , Webb Susan J. 
Published: May 2014

As an additional opportunistic component to the southern African magnetotelluric experiment, natural-source audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) data were acquired during phase IV to investigate the local-scale electric conductivity subsurface structure in the Otjiwarongo and Katima Mulilo regions (Namibia) as an aid in locating the installation points for high-voltage direct current earth electrodes. The study showed that the shallow subsurface of areas containing one measurement site in the Otjiwarongo region and three sites in the Katima Mulilo region have appropriate high conductivities for the optimal placement of the earth electrodes. Both of the AMT surveys are situated close to the edge of the orogenic Neo-Proterozoic Damara mobile belt (DMB). Previous studies all suggest the existence of a highly conductive midcrustal zone, which correlates well with the spatial location of the DMB. Two-dimensional inverse modeling of the Otjiwarongo AMT data confirms the existence of the high-conductive zone at midcrustal depths (10–15 km). The high conductivity of the DMB is explained by the presence of interconnected graphite in the marble units present. The Katima Mulilo inversion results are characterized by a conductive upper crustal layer that does not form part of the DMB conductive belt. It was deduced that at the uppermost subsurface (maximum [Formula: see text]), Kalahari sediments are responsible for the high conductivity observed, whereas at greater depth (up to 6 km), its cause remains enigmatic, albeit the hypothesis of ironstone or graphite being present and causing the observed conductive upper crust.
Elaboration of Titanium Oxide Nanocrystallites by Sol–Gel Method with Soluble-starch Stabilization and Coupling of Hydrothermal and Biological Extraction
Authors: Mehri Afef , Kochkar Hafedh 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Mesostructured TiO2 nanomaterials with tuned crystallite sizes were elaborated by a novel green route using soluble starch as the structuring agent and titanium(IV) isopropoxide as the inorganic precursor. Using hydrothermal treatment (HT), soluble-starch removal from the inorganic matrix is about 80 wt % against 60 wt % for the enzymatic one (ET). Coupling the ET and HT leads upto 90 wt % of starch removal. The TiO2 crystallite sizes are stabilized at 6 nm.
A Red Fluorescence Two-photon Absorption Probe for Sensitive Imaging of Live Mitochondria
Authors: Tominaga Makoto , Mochida Shuhei , Sugihara Hiroyuki , Satomi Koichiro , Moritomo Hiroki , Fuji Akinari , Tomoyuki Arina , Suzuki Yasutaka , Kawamata Jun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We synthesized two-photon absorption probes based on naphthalene and anthracene: 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-(2,6-naphthylenedi-2,1-ethenediyl)dipyridinium diiodide (NP) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-(2,6-anthrylenedi-2,1-ethenediyl)dipyridinium diiodide (AC). These two probes were successfully accumulated in mitochondria with different fluorescence colors: yellow (NP) and red (AC). Two-photon absorption cross sections (σ(2)) were 712 and 685 GM (1 GM = 10−50 cm4 s photon−1 molecule−1), respectively. These values are nine times larger than the σ(2) of the commercially available mitochondria-selective probe with efficient two-photon absorption property (rhodamine 123).
Spin-crossover Compounds with Wide Thermal Hysteresis
Authors: Halcrow Malcolm A 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Spin-crossover compounds showing wide thermal hysteresis are surveyed, and the factors underlying these properties are discussed. Hysteresis is promoted by large structural rearrangements during the transition and by strong intermolecular interactions involving rigid ligand groups or donor atoms. These observations provide new principles for the design of molecular crystals undergoing spin crossover (or other phase changes) with predefined switching properties.
Facile Synthesis of 3D Hierarchical Dandelion-like Co3O4 Microspheres for Superior Ethanol Gas Sensing Properties
Authors: Liu Aifeng , Che Hongwei , Mu Jingbo , Bai Yongmei , Zhao Shufeng , Hou Junxian , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Novel hierarchical dandelion-like Co3O4 microspheres have been successively synthesized via a facile solvothermal reaction and subsequent calcination. The calcined products exhibit well-fined dandelion-like morphology with sizes of about 2 µm. These microspheres are composed of numerous 1D nanorods arranged radially on the surface. The evolution process of dandelion-like microspheres has been investigated, and a possible evolution mechanism has been proposed. When evaluated as a gas sensor, the obtained dandelion-like Co3O4 microspheres exhibit superior ethanol gas sensing performance.
Evolution of alarm cues: a test of the kin selection hypothesis
Authors: Meuthen Denis , Baldauf Sebastian A , Thünken Timo 
Published: May 2014

The evolution of alarm signals has puzzled evolutionary ecologists for decades. This is particularly true for alarm cues (‘Schreckstoff’) which are present in many fishes. They are passively released through injuries and signal the presence of a predator. Although the benefits for conspecific receivers are obvious (they can adjust their behavior to avoid predation), those for the senders are not which is, however, a necessary requirement for the evolution of alarm signals. Several hypotheses relying on potential direct benefits for the senders have been suggested. Alarm cues might attract secondary predators which in turn might increase the escape probability of the sender. A primary immune enhancing role was suggested as well. An alternative explanation is based on Hamilton’s inclusive fitness theory stating that individuals can indirectly increase their fitness by increasing the survival of genetically related individuals (‘kin selection theory’). If related individuals preferentially benefit from alarm signals, for instance by being more receptive to kin-alarm cues, senders could increase their inclusive fitness. Here, we investigate whether individuals of the cichlid fishPelvicachromis taeniatus respond differentially to alarm cues derived from kin and non-kin. P. taeniatuspossesses alarm cues and is known to adjust its behavior when exposed to alarm cues. We measured the change in activity after the addition of alarm cues (derived from kin- and non-kin) relative to a control treatment. Reduced activity is a widespread behavioral adaptation to reduce predation risk in prey organisms. Fish of the alarm cue treatments significantly reduced their activity relative to control fish. However, fish did not respond differentially to alarm cues derived from kin and non-kin suggesting that potential inclusive fitness benefits are not mediated by responses specific to individual alarm cues. We discuss alternative mechanisms such as kin shoaling and mating preferences potentially leading to kin-biased alarm cue perception.
A Model of Professional Training in Tourism in the System of Territorial Brand Formation and Promotion (Case Study: the city of Belgorod and the Belgorod region)
Authors: Макринова Елена , Makrinova Elena , Каплунова Ирина , Kaplunova Irina 
Published: May 2014

The article proposes a model of professional training development, as applied to professional training in
tourism. The model provides for the peculiarities of a transboundary region and enhances the attractiveness
of urban areas as centers of scientific and educational tourism. The authors systematize the modes of formation and promotion of the city of Belgorod’s tourist brand incorporating a variety of tourism types.
Special attention is paid to identifying innovative approaches to an integration of educational and research
activities at HE institutions offering professional training in tourism. The authors suggest revising the content
of the «educational quality» concept, and claim that its tasks, objectives, technologies, forms and educational
strategies be differently interpreted in the light of educational transformations. With the view to improving
the quality of professional training in tourism and educational process optimization, the authors insist that
innovative teaching strategies, on-site learning, academic exchange and students’ apprenticeship in Russia
and abroad should be recognized as the major contributors. The authors conclude that among the most
valuable in the context of tourist activity and employability-enhancing competences are design and destination
management skills. In this regard, the authors demonstrate the process of industry-specific education content
formation in general and concerning skills in tourist destination management in particular. The rationale for
developing the content of a training module connected with territorial tourist brand formation is based on the
conceptual definition of the specifics of tourist activity types and a consideration of the existing and potential
major target tourist flows. The authors emphasise the role of excursion-and-education programmes in the
implementation of the educational evolution as outlined in the article.
On Legal Competence of Bachelors and Masters in Tourism
Authors: Сирик Наталия , Sirik Nataliya , Кусков Алексей , Kuskov Aleksey , Щука Галина , Shchuka Galina 
Published: May 2014

The article presents the author’s perspective on the content of legal training as part of the undergraduate
and graduate education in tourism-related disciplines and as implemented in the framework of the new
(3+) generation of standards. The authors substantiate the expediency of the «Legal groundwork for the
tourism industry» course development. The authors proceed from the premise that law-related courses have
always been generally considered to be the most challenging both for the faculty (as their teaching requires faculty members to be qualified instructors and legal practitioners actively engaged in research concerning
legal regulation in the tourism industry) and the students, which brought a majority of HE institutions to
consciously exclude the course from the curriculum or to replace it by other less law-specific courses. The
authors of the article make a case of a complex approach to and consideration of the major issues linked to
the legal groundwork for tourism activity, the development and implementation of the federal and regional
tourism development programmes. The «Legal groundwork for the tourism industry» course, as developed by
the authors, views tourist activity as the object of legal regulation, covers the current issues of tourist activity
legal regulation, identifies the operators of the tourist activity, describes the contracting system used in the
tourism industry, provides for research into the major aspects of the legal groundwork for federal, regiona,
and municipal programme development, the tourist market clusterization, etc. The course is designed as a
core course for graduate students and as an advanced course of study for undergraduate students majoring
in law- and/or service-and-tourism-related disciplines.
Application of the 2D Didactics Principle to Ecology- and Information-Related Discipline Teaching: A Posteriori
Authors: Цеханович Ольга , Tsekhanovich Olga , Бырдин Виктор , Byrdin Viktor 
Published: May 2014

The article is a description of the 2D didactical methodology as applied to HE settings. The 2D didactics
concept, «Gzhel-1», was developed at the Gzhel state artistically-industrial institute with the view to developing more refined common cultural and professional competences of undergraduate students
majoring in tourism. The methodology aims at developing individual capabilities of students, an integration
of teacher-facilitated in-class, individual and joint learning ensuring a collective as well as individual
content processing, constructing knowledge, a creation of new individually meaningful knowledge, and
acquiring socially and professionally valuable competences [1]. The author supports the general view of
the use of mobile devices (computers, smart phones, tablet PCs) as a currently important contributor to
new educational technologies implementation. Mobile devices afford student access to education-tailored
applications: «Gzhel-1» methodology, as applied in «Computer sciences» and «Information technologies in
the service sphere» classes, assumes that students receive discipline-specific tasks, as well as tasks involving
the regional ecological component. From the author’s perspective, the influence of students’ knowledge and
skills acquired through the methodology serves to decrease social tension in the Gzhel zone, as the content of
the Gzhel-1-supported disciplines includes research tools and a range of mechanisms of enhacing the quality
of Gzhel’s eco-surroundings. The article provides a description of the major eco-surroundings challenges
such as: drinking water quality, electromagnetic fields, air pollution, historical landscape alterations, the
status of unique natural monuments, clay extraction, anthropogenic load, and radioecological situation.
Nørlund overconvergence of power series
Authors: Gharibyan Tatevik , Luh Wolfgang , Nieß Markus 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
In the present paper we first examine growth properties of regular Nørlund means applied to power series outside their disk of convergence. Moreover, we show that overconvergent subsequences of Nørlund means exist, assuming that the considered power series has certain gaps.
Pharmacogenetics in Jewish populations
Authors: Yang Yao , Peter Inga , Scott Stuart A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Spanning over 2000 years, the Jewish population has a long history of migration, population bottlenecks, expansions, and geographical isolation, which has resulted in a unique genetic architecture among the Jewish people. As such, many Mendelian disease genes and founder mutations for autosomal recessive diseases have been discovered in several Jewish groups, which have prompted recent genomic studies in the Jewish population on common disease susceptibility and other complex traits. Although few studies on the genetic determinants of drug response variability have been reported in the Jewish population, a number of unique pharmacogenetic variants have been discovered that are more common in Jewish populations than in other major racial groups. Notable examples identified in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population include the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) c.106G>T (p.D36Y) variant associated with high warfarin dosing requirements and the recently reported cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) allele, CYP2C19*4B, that harbors both loss-of-function [*4 (c.1A>G)] and increased-function [*17 (c.-806C>T)] variants on the same haplotype. These data are encouraging in that like other ethnicities and subpopulations, the Jewish population likely harbors numerous pharmacogenetic variants that are uncommon or absent in other larger racial groups and ethnicities. In addition to unique variants, common multi-ethnic variants in key drug metabolism genes (e.g., ABCB1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, NAT2) have also been detected in the AJ and other Jewish groups. This review aims to summarize the currently available pharmacogenetics literature and discuss future directions for related research with this unique population.
Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Treated Mung Bean Starch on Characteristics of Batters and Crusts from Deep-Fried Pork Nuggets
Authors: Zhang Lingwen , Ji Hongfang , Yang Mingduo , Ma Hanjun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Influences of mung bean starches treated with different high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the properties of batters and crusts from deep-fried pork nuggets were explored. HHP-treated starch increased water retention capacity of batter and consequently the batter pick-up. The increase in pressure at 150–450 MPa could facilitate hydration and swelling of starch granules during gelatinization. The crusts containing HHP-treated starches had higher moisture and less oil content, and the oil content was 15.82 g/100 g dry weight (DW) for 450 MPa treated starch, which was much lower than that of native starch (18.39 g/100 g DW) (p<0.05). Additionally, HHP-treated starches changed the crispness of crusts with increases in the slope and decrease in the shearing distance. Results indicated that mung bean starch treated with HHP in the range of 150–450 MPa could improve the quality of deep-fried battered food.
Mathematical Modelling of Heat Transfer in Mortadella Bologna PGI during Evaporative Pre-Cooling
Authors: Rinaldi Massimiliano , Chiavaro Emma , Massini Roberto 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Mortadella evaporative pre-cooling process from 70 to 50°C at core was investigated: the thermal diffusivity and the apparent heat transfer coefficient were experimentally estimated. The effects of ventilation and water spraying with different intervals (0, 5, 10 and 15 min) were tested and core and surface temperatures, cooling times and cook values were compared. Water spraying every 5 min combined with ventilation allowed obtaining both lowest cooling time and cook values in the product. On the contrary, continuous spraying (no interval) presented higher cooling times since probably, after a certain time, water formed a continuous film on product surface, which prevented evaporation. Based on the experimental data, a finite differences mathematical model, previously applied to Mortadella cooking process, was developed and validated by means of two cooling procedures. Acceptable approximation and low percentage errors on final core temperature were obtained, confirming the usefulness and reliability of the proposed model.
Utilizing architecture models for secure distributed web applications and services
Authors: Wild Stefan , Gaedke Martin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Today's Web applications are often compositions of distributed yet interconnected services that offer features and data through defined interfaces via standardized protocols.
Providing a set of best practices for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities, the service-oriented architecture design pattern largely contributed to this trend.
To react on emerging customer requirements, using agile methodology for Web application development fits well in this context.
While it allows promptly responding to change by adjusting the Web application architecture, security must be applied as a holistic approach throughout the entire Web application's lifecycle.
There is a need for a flexible, expressive and easy-to-use way to model a Web application's architecture with a strong emphasis on security.
This article discusses our work on extending the WebComposition Architecture Model towards a semantically enriched description of a Web application's architecture.
For enabling systematic exploitation of such architecture descriptions, we utilize W3C's WebID identity mechanism, the WAC authorization method, and fine-grained filters.
We explain how WebID can be applied to allow Web services to mutually
authenticate and exchange data, e. g., interface definitions and service parameters, in a controlled way.
H2 Proxy – Dynamic load balancing for multi-tenant database systems
Authors: Göbel Andreas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Software as a service is becoming an increasingly common software
delivery model but causes a challenge to service providers related to the
design of both applications and data management. Multi-tenant databases allow
them to reduce operating costs by leveraging economies of scale. Load
balancing of multi-tenant databases with shared-nothing architectures can be
done in different tiers of the software stack. In this article, different
approaches for this purpose are discussed and the proxy server H2 Proxy is
presented. H2 Proxy can be deployed in different tiers and routes tenant
requests to database servers corresponding to a tenant placement policy which
is changeable at runtime. This article gives an overview of its implementation
and demonstrates its efficient routing according to test results.
A history and future of Web APIs
Authors: Kopecký Jacek , Fremantle Paul , Boakes Rich 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Distributed information systems predominantly have client-server
architectures, as does the Web itself. In this article, we review the
evolution of the interface of client-server distributed systems, from
Messaging and RPC systems that predate the Web, to RESTful Web APIs. We
highlight the often overlooked importance of the client-server interface in
Web applications, and we reference historic and current systems to discuss
the roles of “Web Service” technologies and Service-Oriented Architectures.
Considering the future, we point out four directions in which we can see Web
APIs moving, including the incorporation of hypermedia and semantics.
Lithiated oxazolinyloxiranes and oxazolinylaziridines: key players in organic synthesis
Authors: Florio Saverio , Degennaro Leonardo , Mansueto Rosmara , Musio Biagia , Perna Filippo M. , Salomone Antonio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper focuses on α-lithiated oxazolinyloxiranes and oxazolinylaziridines, their generation, reactions, and synthetic applications. The ability of the oxazoline ring in providing stabilization to such α-heterosubstituted carbanions either through electronic effects and coordinative action has been stressed as well as the contribution to the configurational stability or instability of such species. IR spectroscopic data, multinuclear NMR investigations, and ab initio calculations planned to get insights on chemical properties and structural features have been carried out. A number of new reactions including alkylations, addition reactions, hydroxyalkylations, cyclopropanations, lactonizations, and rearrangements have been discovered, giving access to a variety of substances including: aziridinolactones, epoxylactones, aryl alkanones, polysubstituted cyclopropanes, cyclopropanefused lactones, dihydro-oxazoloisoquinolines, diversely functionalized oxazolines, and products that can be derived from them by synthetic elaboration.