bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) oligomers via matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with an ionic‐liquid matrix
Authors: Yoon Donhee , Lee Dongkun , Lee Jong‐Hyeon , Cha Sangwon , Oh Han Bin 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEQuantifying polymers by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) with a conventional crystalline matrix generally suffers from poor sample‐to‐sample or shot‐to‐shot reproducibility. An ionic‐liquid matrix has been demonstrated to mitigate these reproducibility issues by providing a homogeneous sample surface, which is useful for quantifying polymers. In the present study, we evaluated the use of an ionic liquid matrix, i.e., 1‐methylimidazolium α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate (1‐MeIm‐CHCA), to quantify polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) samples that impose a critical health hazard when inhaled in the form of droplets.METHODSMALDI‐TOF mass spectra were acquired for PHMG oligomers using a variety of ionic‐liquid matrices including 1‐MeIm‐CHCA. Calibration curves were constructed by plotting the sum of the PHMG oligomer peak areas versus PHMG sample concentration with a variety of peptide internal standards.RESULTSCompared with the conventional crystalline matrix, the 1‐MeIm‐CHCA ionic‐liquid matrix had much better reproducibility (lower standard deviations). Furthermore, by using an internal peptide standard, good linear calibration plots could be obtained over a range of PMHG concentrations of at least 4 orders of magnitude.CONCLUSIONSThis study successfully demonstrated that PHMG samples can be quantitatively characterized by MALDI‐TOFMS with an ionic‐liquid matrix and an internal standard. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordinative Saturation of the Pterin Heterocycle by Ferrocenylcopper(I) Complex Fragments
Authors: Jana Rajkumar , Lissner Falk , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract2‐Pivaloylpterin, an acylated derivative of the biochemically relevant pterin [2‐amino‐4‐oxo‐(3H)pteridine] heterocyclus, undergoes stepwise metallation by the 1, 1′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene‐copper(I) cation, [(dppf)Cu]+. The final product obtained, [Cu3(dppf)(μ2‐dppf)(PP)(PP‐H+)]2(BF4)4, could be structurally characterized to reveal coordinative saturation with binding of central Cu+ ions to N1,N3,O4,N5,N8 and pivaloyl‐O donor atoms.
Metabolic engineering of carbon and redox flow in the production of small organic acids
Authors: Thakker Chandresh , Martínez Irene , Li Wei , San Ka-Yiu , Bennett George N 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe review describes efforts toward metabolic engineering of production of organic acids. One aspect of the strategy involves the generation of an appropriate amount and type of reduced cofactor needed for the designed pathway. The ability to capture reducing power in the proper form, NADH or NADPH for the biosynthetic reactions leading to the organic acid, requires specific attention in designing the host and also depends on the feedstock used and cell energetic requirements for efficient metabolism during production. Recent work on the formation and commercial uses of a number of small mono- and diacids is discussed with redox differences, major biosynthetic precursors and engineering strategies outlined. Specific attention is given to those acids that are used in balancing cell redox or providing reduction equivalents for the cell, such as formate, which can be used in conjunction with metabolic engineering of other products to improve yields. Since a number of widely studied acids derived from oxaloacetate as an important precursor, several of these acids are covered with the general strategies and particular components summarized, including succinate, fumarate and malate. Since malate and fumarate are less reduced than succinate, the availability of reduction equivalents and level of aerobiosis are important parameters in optimizing production of these compounds in various hosts. Several other more oxidized acids are also discussed as in some cases, they may be desired products or their formation is minimized to afford higher yields of more reduced products. The placement and connections among acids in the typical central metabolic network are presented along with the use of a number of specific non-native enzymes to enhance routes to high production, where available alternative pathways and strategies are discussed. While many organic acids are derived from a few precursors within central metabolism, each organic acid has its own special requirements for high production and best compatibility with host physiology.
Effect of donor chimerism to reduce the level of glycosaminoglycans following bone marrow transplantation in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Yokoi Kentaro , Akiyama Kazumasa , Kaneshiro Eiko , Higuchi Takashi , Shimada Yohta , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Akiyama Masaharu , Otsu Makoto , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Ohashi Toya , Ida Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the iduronate‐2‐sulfatase. This leads to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the lysosomes of various cells. Although it has been proposed that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) may have a beneficial effect for patients with MPS II, the requirement for donor‐cell chimerism to reduce GAG levels is unknown. To address this issue, we transplanted various ratios of normal and MPS II bone marrow cells in a mouse model of MPS II and analyzed GAG accumulation in various tissues. Chimerism of whole leukocytes and each lineage of BMT recipients’ peripheral blood was similar to infusion ratios. GAGs were significantly reduced in the liver, spleen, and heart of recipients. The level of GAG reduction in these tissues depends on the percentage of normal‐cell chimerism. In contrast to these tissues, a reduction in GAGs was not observed in the kidney and brain, even if 100 % donor chimerism was achieved. These observations suggest that a high degree of chimerism is necessary to achieve the maximum effect of BMT, and donor lymphocyte infusion or enzyme replacement therapy might be considered options in cases of low‐level chimerism in MPS II patients.
Comparison of Acellular Nerve Allograft Modification with Schwann Cells or VEGF
Authors: Hoben Gwendolyn , Yan Ying , Iyer Nisha , Newton Piyaraj , Hunter Dan A. , Moore Amy M. , Sakiyama-Elbert Shelly E. , Wood Matthew D. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: December 2014

Background Individual contributions of exogenous Schwann cells (SCs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated in acellular nerve allografts (ANAs). ANA processing removes SCs and vasculature, likely contributing to reduced regeneration compared to autografts. Exogenous SCs may improve the regenerative microenvironment, and VEGF has been shown to stimulate angiogenesis. Replacing these components in ANAs may improve regeneration. Methods A rat sciatic nerve transection model was used to study 20-mm grafts. Four graft types were studied: (1) isograft, (2) ANA, (3) ANA-SCs, and (4) ANA-VEGF. After 10 weeks in vivo, the midgraft and distal nerve to the grafts were analyzed for axonal regeneration using histomorphometry to assess total myelinated axon counts, density, width, and percent neural tissue. Results The most axons in the distal nerve were regenerated in the isograft followed by the ANA- SC group, with 9171±1822 and 7103±1576 regenerated axons respectively. Both the ANA and ANA-VEGF groups had significantly fewer regenerated axons compared to the isograft ( p<0.05) with 5225±2994 and 5709±2657 regenerated axons, respectively. The ANA and ANA-VEGF groups also had significantly reduced fiber density and percent nerve compared to the isograft; the isograft and ANA-SC groups were not significantly different ( p<0.05). Conclusions These results show that SCs improve axonal regeneration in a 20 mm ANA to a greater extent than VEGF. VEGF treatment showed a trend toward increased axonal regeneration but was not significantly different compared to the untreated ANA. The role of VEGF may be clearer in longer grafts where ischemia is a greater factor.
Risk factors of incomplete response to proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with mild erosive esophagitis
Authors: Kao Sung‐Shuo , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Chuah Seng‐Kee , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Lu Ching‐Liang , Tai Wei‐Chen , Lai Kwok‐Hung , Chen Wen‐Chi , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Wang Huay‐Min , Tsai Tzung‐Jiun , Ling Kung‐Hung , Shih Chih‐An , Hsu Ping‐I 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundIncomplete symptom resolution to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is a common problem in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aims of this study were (1) to examine the rate of incomplete symptom response following 8‐week PPI therapy in patients with mild erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles Grade A/B erosive esophagitis) and (2) to determine the independent factors predicting incomplete symptom response in patients with mild erosive esophagitis.MethodsFrom January 2010 to July 2012, symptomatic GERD patients with endoscopic findings of Los Angeles Grade A or B erosive esophagitis were recruited for the study and received esomeprazole 40 mg daily for 8 weeks. The characteristics of eligible patients including clinical factors, endoscopic findings, Helicobacter pylori status, and CYP2C19 (cytochrome P450 2C19) genotype were checked on enrollment. Patients were asked to record symptoms with diary cards during the follow‐up period. The major outcome measurement was incomplete symptom response.ResultsIn total, 232 patients (male/female, 126/106) participated in this study. Following 8‐week esomeprazole therapy, 50 (21.6%) of the patients had incomplete symptom response. Univariate analysis showed that sex, alcohol consumption, underlying diseases, regurgitation of food, chest pain, globus, and insomnia were associated with incomplete symptom response (p = 0.049, p = 0.006, p = 0.023, p = 0.010, p = 0.013, p = 0.009, and p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis with stepwise logistic regression revealed that only globus [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.185–4.897; p = 0.015] and insomnia (95% CI: 1.289–3.018; p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for incomplete symptom response with odds ratio (OR) = 2.4 and OR = 2.0, respectively.ConclusionOf the patients with Los Angeles Grade A/B erosive esophagitis, 21.6% failed to have complete symptom resolution following 8‐week PPI therapy. Globus and insomnia are two independent factors predicting incomplete symptom response in patients with mild erosive esophagitis.
Influence of birth cohort on age of onset cluster analysis in bipolar I disorder
Authors: Bauer M. , Glenn T. , Alda M. , Andreassen O.A. , Angelopoulos E. , Ardau R. , Baethge C. , Bauer R. , Bellivier F. , Belmaker R.H. , Berk M. , Bjella T.D. , Bossini L. , Bersudsky Y. , Cheung E.Y.W. , Conell J. , Del Zompo M. , Dodd S. , Etain B. , Fagiolini A. , Frye M.A. , Fountoulakis K.N. , Garneau-Fournier J. , Gonzalez-Pinto A. , Harima H. , Hassel S. , Henry C. , Iacovides A. , Isometsä E.T. , Kapczinski F. , Kliwicki S. , König B. , Krogh R. , Kunz M. , Lafer B. , Larsen E.R. , Lewitzka U. , Lopez-Jaramillo C. , MacQueen G. , Manchia M. , Marsh W. , Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M. , Melle I. , Monteith S. , Morken G. , Munoz R. , Nery F.G. , O’Donovan C. , Osher Y. , Pfennig A. , Quiroz D. , Ramesar R. , Rasgon N. , Reif A. , Ritter P. , Rybakowski J.K. , Sagduyu K. , Scippa A.M. , Severus E. , Simhandl C. , Stein D.J. , Strejilevich S. , Hatim Sulaiman A. , Suominen K. , Tagata H. , Tatebayashi Y. , Torrent C. , Vieta E. , Viswanath B. , Wanchoo M.J. , Zetin M. , Whybrow P.C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurpose:Two common approaches to identify subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder are clustering methodology (mixture analysis) based on the age of onset, and a birth cohort analysis. This study investigates if a birth cohort effect will influence the results of clustering on the age of onset, using a large, international database.Methods:The database includes 4037 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, previously collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to adjust the data for country median age, and in some models, birth cohort. Model-based clustering (mixture analysis) was then performed on the age of onset data using the residuals. Clinical variables in subgroups were compared.Results:There was a strong birth cohort effect. Without adjusting for the birth cohort, three subgroups were found by clustering. After adjusting for the birth cohort or when considering only those born after 1959, two subgroups were found. With results of either two or three subgroups, the youngest subgroup was more likely to have a family history of mood disorders and a first episode with depressed polarity. However, without adjusting for birth cohort (three subgroups), family history and polarity of the first episode could not be distinguished between the middle and oldest subgroups.Conclusion:These results using international data confirm prior findings using single country data, that there are subgroups of bipolar I disorder based on the age of onset, and that there is a birth cohort effect. Including the birth cohort adjustment altered the number and characteristics of subgroups detected when clustering by age of onset. Further investigation is needed to determine if combining both approaches will identify subgroups that are more useful for research.
UNIVERSAL SUBGROUPS OF POLISH GROUPS
Authors: BEROS KONSTANTINOS A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGiven a class${\cal C}$of subgroups of a topological groupG, we say that a subgroup$H \in {\cal C}$is auniversal${\cal C}$subgroupofGif every subgroup$K \in {\cal C}$is a continuous homomorphic preimage ofH. Such subgroups may be regarded as complete members of${\cal C}$with respect to a natural preorder on the set of subgroups ofG. We show that for any locally compact Polish groupG, the countable powerGωhas a universalKσsubgroup and a universal compactly generated subgroup. We prove a weaker version of this in the nonlocally compact case and provide an example showing that this result cannot readily be improved. Additionally, we show that many standard Banach spaces (viewed as additive topological groups) have universalKσand compactly generated subgroups. As an aside, we explore the relationship between the classes ofKσand compactly generated subgroups and give conditions under which the two coincide.
GROUPES FINS
Authors: MILLIET CÉDRIC 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe investigate some common points between stable structures and weakly small structures and define a structureMto befineif the Cantor-Bendixson rank of the topological space${S_\varphi }\left( {dc{l^{eq}}\left( A \right)} \right)$is an ordinal for every finite subsetAofMand every formula$\varphi \left( {x,y} \right)$wherexis of arity 1. By definition, a theory isfineif all its models are so. Stable theories and small theories are fine, and weakly minimal structures are fine. For any finite subsetAof a fine groupG, the traces on the algebraic closure$acl\left( A \right)$ofAof definable subgroups ofGover$acl\left( A \right)$which are boolean combinations of instances of an arbitrary fixed formula can decrease only finitely many times. An infinite field with a fine theory has no additive nor multiplicative proper definable subgroups of finite index, nor Artin-Schreier extensions.
DP-MINIMALITY: INVARIANT TYPES AND DP-RANK
Authors: SIMON PIERRE 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper has two parts. In the first one, we prove that an invariant dp-minimal type is either finitely satisfiable or definable. We also prove that a definable version of the (p,q)-theorem holds in dp-minimal theories of small or medium directionality.In the second part, we study dp-rank in dp-minimal theories and show that it enjoys many nice properties. It is continuous, definable in families and it can be characterised geometrically with no mention of indiscernible sequences. In particular, if the structure expands a divisible ordered abelian group, then dp-rank coincides with the dimension coming from the order.
GENERIC AUTOMORPHISMS WITH PRESCRIBED FIXED FIELDS
Authors: AFSHORDEL BIJAN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article addresses the question which structures occur as fixed structures of stable structures with a generic automorphism. In particular we give a Galois theoretic characterization. Furthermore, we prove that any pseudofinite field is the fixed field of some model ofACFA, any one-free pseudo-differentially closed field of characteristic zero is the fixed field of some model ofDCFA, and that any one-free PAC field of finite degree of imperfection is the fixed field of some model ofSCFA.
Wheat bran extract alters colonic fermentation and microbial composition, but does not affect faecal water toxicity: a randomised controlled trial in healthy subjects
Authors: Windey Karen , De Preter Vicky , Huys Geert , Broekaert Willem F. , Delcour Jan A. , Louat Thierry , Herman Jean , Verbeke Kristin 
Published: December 2014

Wheat bran extract (WBE), containing arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides that are potential prebiotic substrates, has been shown to modify bacterial colonic fermentation in human subjects and to beneficially affect the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats. However, it is unclear whether these changes in fermentation are able to reduce the risk of developing CRC in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of WBE on the markers of CRC risk in healthy volunteers, and to correlate these effects with colonic fermentation. A total of twenty healthy subjects were enrolled in a double-blind, cross-over, randomised, controlled trial in which the subjects ingested WBE (10 g/d) or placebo (maltodextrin, 10 g/d) for 3 weeks, separated by a 3-week washout period. At the end of each study period, colonic handling of NH3was evaluated using the biomarker lactose[15N,15N′]ureide, colonic fermentation was characterised through a metabolomics approach, and the predominant microbial composition was analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. As markers of CRC risk, faecal water genotoxicity was determined using the comet assay and faecal water cytotoxicity using a colorimetric cell viability assay. Intake of WBE induced a shift from urinary to faecal15N excretion, indicating a stimulation of colonic bacterial activity and/or growth. Microbial analysis revealed a selective stimulation ofBifidobacterium adolescentis. In addition, WBE altered the colonic fermentation pattern and significantly reduced colonic protein fermentation compared with the run-in period. However, faecal water cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were not affected. Although intake of WBE clearly affected colonic fermentation and changed the composition of the microbiota, these changes were not associated with the changes in the markers of CRC risk.
The Identity of Indiscernibles
Authors: Wreen Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA number of distinctions are needed to assess The Identity of Indiscernibles. The first concerns its purported status as true or, more strongly, necessarily true. The second concerns the nature of the properties the principle ranges over. One way to divide up properties is in terms of those that entail the existence of a particular object, those that entail the existence of an object but no particular object, and those that don't entail the existence of an object at all. A second way is divide up properties is in terms of ‘indicative’ and ‘counterfactual’ properties. Combining these three distinctions yields twelve different versions of the Identity of Indiscernibles. In the long run, however, four more are needed to do the principle justice. Sixteen different versions of the principle, then, need to be, and in this paper are, assessed. Particular attention is paid to methodology and to constraints on the generation of properties needed to support various versions of the principle. Bottom-up reasoning is found sufficient to vindicate the great majority of them, but there does not appear to be a good bottom-up or top-down argument for the two most interesting and important versions of the Identity of Indiscernibles, and there is some reason to think both false. An open mind needs to be kept, however, for definitively establishing or refuting them probably requires a relatively complete and plausible metaphysics.
Closeness to singularities of robotic manipulators measured by characteristic angles
Authors: Bu Wanghui 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYSingularities have a great influence on kinematics and dynamics of both serial and parallel robots. In order to prevent a robot from entering singular configurations, it needs to measure the “distance” between the robot current configuration and the singular configuration. This paper presents a novel approach based on characteristic angles to measure closeness to singularities. For the problem of inconsistent dimensions in the scalar product of screws, the physical meanings of twists and wrenches are reinterpreted. For the problem of the metric invariant to origin selection, the origin of the screw frame is required to coincide with the origin of the robotic tool frame. The major merit of the proposed metric lies in the identical result of measuring similar mechanisms with different sizes. Moreover, the measurement is insensitive to screw magnitude, since the metric expression is dimensionless. Furthermore, the geometrical meaning of the determinant of a screw matrix is clarified.
Endovascular Occlusion of Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysms With Electrolytically Detachable Coils
Authors: Redekop Gary , Willinsky Robert , Montanera Walter , TerBrugge Karel , Tymianski Michael , Wallace M. Christopher 
Published: December 2014

Object:To describe the clinical and angiographic results of endovascular occlusion of basilar bifurcation aneurysms with electrolytically detachable coils, and to identify factors which should be considered in deciding upon surgical or endovascular treatment.Methods:We report our experience with 40 patients in whom occlusion of basilar bifurcation aneurysms with electrolytically detachable coils was attempted. All patients underwent superselective angiography and attempted embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). Angiographic and clinical results were prospectively recorded. Twenty-eight aneurysms presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 2 were symptomatic and 10 were incidental.Results:Coils were not placed in 10 patients (25%) because of unfavorable anatomy. Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved at the time of the initial procedure in 13 (32.5%), small neck remnants were present in 13 (32.5%), and in 4 (10.0%) there was obvious residual contrast filling of the aneurysm body. Of 23 patients successfully coiled after SAH, 20 were Grade 1 to 3 and 3 were grade 4 or 5 at the time of treatment. Eighteen (78%) made a good recovery. Procedural mortality was 2.5% and permanent morbidity was 7.5%. There were no permanent complications in patients with unruptured aneurysms. Complete aneurysm occlusion was possible in 10 (56%) of 18 aneurysms with small necks and 3 (14%) of 22 with large necks. Follow-up angiography in 25 of 28 surviving patients (mean, 12 months) demonstrated stability of all completely occluded aneurysms. Incompletely coiled aneurysms had variable results on follow-up angiograms: 15.4% improved, 69.2% worsened, and 15.4% were stable. No aneurysm bled after treatment during clinical follow-up averaging 22 months.Conclusion:Endovascular treatment of basilar bifurcation aneurysms appears to prevent early aneurysm rebleeding with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality, but long-term follow-up is required.