bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dedicator of Cytokinesis 8 Interacts with Talin and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein To Regulate NK Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Ham Hyoungjun , Guerrier Sabrice , Kim JungJin , Schoon Renee A. , Anderson Erik L. , Hamann Michael J. , Lou Zhenkun , Billadeau Daniel D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Recently, patients with mutations in DOCK8 have been reported to have a combined immunodeficiency characterized by cutaneous viral infections and allergies. NK cells represent a first-line defense against viral infections, suggesting that DOCK8 might participate in NK cell function. In this study, we demonstrate that DOCK8-suppressed human NK cells showed defects in natural cytotoxicity as well as specific activating receptor-mediated NK cytotoxicity. Additionally, compared with control NK cells, NK cells depleted of DOCK8 showed defective conjugate formation, along with decreased polarization of LFA-1, F-actin, and cytolytic granules toward the cytotoxic synapse. Using a proteomic approach, we found that DOCK8 exists in a macromolecular complex with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, an actin nucleation-promoting factor activated by CDC42, as well as talin, which is required for integrin-mediated adhesion. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important role for DOCK8 in NK cell effector function and provide important new mechanistic insight into how DOCK8 regulates F-actin and integrin-mediated adhesion in immune cells.
Displaceable Tissue: A Clinical Challenge treated with Palliative Approach
Authors: Sonune Shital Jalandar , Singh Shivkumar , Dange Shankar 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Displaceable tissue on edentulous ridges may present a considerable clinical challenge to dental practitioners when providing complete dentures. Displaceable, or ‘flabby ridges’, present a particular difficulty and give rise to complaints of pain or looseness relating to a complete denture that rests on them. If the flabby tissue is compressed during conventional impression making, it will later tend to recoil and dislodge the resulting overlying denture.
A careful consideration and application of the principles of complete denture construction for such condition can provide a palliative form of treatment. This article describes reports of three such clinical cases, and demonstrates the use of a suitable impression technique.

How to cite this article
Sonune SJ, Singh S, Dange S. Displaceable Tissue: A Clinical Challenge treated with Palliative Approach. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1):34-37.
Repair of Extracoronal Direct Retainers
Authors: Amin Bhavya Mohandas , Aras Meena A 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Fractures of the clasp components of removable partial dentures are commonly encountered problems in the dental office. Repair or replacement procedures are therefore, often required and may be preferred over refabrication of the entire prosthesis when it is possible to maintain the denture to serve its purpose of function, esthetics and comfort after repair. This paper reviews various procedures that can be used to repair or replace clasp components in order to produce a clinically acceptable result.

How to cite this article
Amin BM, Aras MA. Repair of Extracoronal Direct Retainers. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1):42-46.
Les volutes de la peinture : l’opium au défi des images
Authors: Chantoury-Lacombe Florence 
Published: March 2013

La représentation de l’opium dans les arts visuels occidentaux semble bien assujettie au signifiant flottant dupharmakonde Platon dont le sens peut facilement s’inverser et devenir remède bénéfique ou poison maléfique. De remède universel avec la thériaque, la polypharmacie à base d’opium qui fonctionnera jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle, en passant par les sirops contre la toux pour les enfants, la valeur médicinale de l’opium fera d’abord l’enjeu des représentations visuelles pour, par la suite, verser dans un univers onirique ou l’opium devient une médication du spleen. De l’exotisme à l’érotisme, les rêves opiacés des fumeurs renvoient à un Orient fantasmé que les artistes auront plaisir à figurer. De la conception d’un empoisonnement exquis au remède pernicieux, le motif de l’opium dans la peinture marque une fascination pour cette drogue et fournit des prétextes aux artistes pour élaborer des dispositifs formels savants en vue d’impliquer le spectateur et de suggérer les expériences sensorielles du fumeur.Notre contribution porte sur les images et les motifs figuratifs privilégiés par les artistes pour représenter l’opium, les fumeurs et les fumeries d’opium. Il s’agit d’interroger les thèmes traités, entre autres, les lieux du monde de l’opium, mais aussi l’atmosphère de rêverie, de langueur, que la représentation du fumeur, arrimé à sa pipe, expose, tel un voyageur dans un paradis illicite. À travers divers médiums graphiques et picturaux, provenant tant de l’histoire de la médecine que de l’illustration populaire, en passant par les oeuvres orientalistes du XIXe siècle, notre analyse tente de comprendre les stratégies figuratives mises en place par les artistes afin de mieux saisir les enjeux socioculturels attachés à l’opium.
Art et vie : de l’expression à l’action
Authors: Mbuyamba Lupwishi 
Published: March 2013

Le phénomène de l’art est apparu en même temps que l’homme prenait conscience de sa
présence dans un environnement qui l’interpellait : d’abord, par des manifestations figurées
dans les peintures rupestres que de nombreuses cavernes disséminées à travers l’Afrique
révèlent et, plus tard, dans des oeuvres de grande ampleur dont on peut suivre verticalement
le parcours historique.
Dans l’Antiquité comme au Moyen Âge, au temps de la formation des grands empires,
on est subjugué par des réalisations impressionnantes dans tous les domaines de l’art,
malgré les mutations subies au travers des itinéraires imposés par la traite négrière, les
cultures coloniales et, aujourd’hui, par la campagne pour un art volontariste de la
revendication, de l’authenticité et de la renaissance.
Horizontalement, on peut s’arrêter sur le phénomène de l’art et pénétrer dans les
cavernes de la création. On y découvrira la contradiction fondamentale qui existe entre le
monde de l’oeuvre en elle-même et celui des acteurs des différentes sphères de la
vie.
L’oeuvre d’art, résistant aux tentatives d’apprivoisement, suivra toujours le sens
de son destin, tendue qu’elle est vers l’envol, pour s’échapper, insaisissable même par son
géniteur, se libérer du carcan et de la prison de la contingence « corruptrice » et
rejoindre le domaine du sacré dont elle émane. Tel est le sens qu’on peut donner à la
présence de l’art dans la vie.
Liturgies africaines et vie
Authors: Kabasele Lumbala François 
Published: March 2013

En Afrique noire, la vie est le sacré par excellence ; aussi, demeure-t-elle la préoccupation principale de toutes les cérémonies religieuses, déjà dans les traditions, et jusqu’aujourd’hui dans les religions africaines nouvelles : les rituels regorgent d’évocations et de supplications pour la vie ; les lieux de culte sont décorés aux couleurs de la vie (la trilogie « blanc-noir-rouge ») ; les symboles déployés dans le culte au sein de ces civilisations de l’oralité sont ceux de la fécondité, du triomphe sur la mort, de communion et cohésion sociale : les bananiers, la chaux, les arbres de vie ou arbres aux ancêtres, le feu, etc. Enfin, la manière même de célébrer est des plus vivantes : les assemblées grouillent de monde, la prédication est jalonnée de cris d’acclamation et élaborée avec l’apport de toute l’assemblée, le tambour rythme la prière en réveillant efficacement tous les dormeurs et en mettant debout toute l’assemblée pour la danse qui remet le corps à l’unisson avec l’Esprit et tout le groupe ! Oui, la vie « explose » dans les célébrations africaines.
Discovery of Biologically Active Oncologic and Immunologic Small Molecule Therapies using Zebrafish: Overview and Example of Modulation of T Cell Activation
Authors: Trede Nikolaus S. , Heaton William , Ridges Suzanne , Sofla Hossein , Cusick Matthew , Bearss David , Jones David , Fujinami Robert S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractZebrafish models continue to gain popularity as in vivo models for drug discovery. Described in this overview are advantages and challenges of zebrafish drug screening, as well as a novel in vivo screen for immunomodulatory compounds using transgenic, T cell reporting zebrafish larvae designed for discovery of compounds targeting T cell leukemia. This assay system allows rapid screening of large numbers of compounds while avoiding the pitfalls of assays based on cell cultures, which lack biologic context and are afflicted by genomic instability. The rationale for this approach is based on similarities of immature normal T cells and developmentally arrested, malignant lymphoblasts in mammalian species. The screening algorithm has been used to identify a nontoxic compound with activity in both acute leukemia models and models of multiple sclerosis, demonstrating the utility of this screening procedure. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 60:14.24.1‐14.24.13. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemische Tricks zur Zähmung von Silanonen und ihren schweren Homologen mit EO‐Bindungen (E=Si–Pb): von schwer fassbaren Spezies zu isolierbaren Bausteinen
Authors: Xiong Yun , Yao Shenglai , Driess Matthias 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDie Reaktivität der Ketone (R2CO) ist deutlich besser untersucht als die ihrer schweren Homologen R2EO (E=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). Die Gründe dafür sind die hohe Polarität der EO‐Bindung und die daraus folgende Neigung zur Oligomerisation. Erst kürzlich konnten große Erfolge bei der Synthese von isolierbaren Verbindungen mit EO‐Bindungen erzielt werden, darunter Donor‐stabilisierte isolierbare Silanone und das erste echte Germanon. Diese Verbindungen zeigen in ihrer Reaktivität drastische Unterschiede zu Ketonen und bilden darüber hinaus vielseitige Synthesebausteine in der Silicium‐Sauerstoff‐ und Germanium‐Sauerstoff‐Chemie. Diese und andere erstaunliche Erfolge werden im vorliegenden Kurzaufsatz beschrieben.
Chemical Tricks To Stabilize Silanones and Their Heavier Homologues with EO Bonds (E=Si–Pb): From Elusive Species to Isolable Building Blocks
Authors: Xiong Yun , Yao Shenglai , Driess Matthias 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn contrast to the well‐established chemistry of ketones (R2CO), the reactivity of the elusive heavier congeners R2EO (E=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) is far less explored because of the high polarity of the EO bonds and hence their tendency to oligomerize with no activation barrier. Very recently, great advances have been achieved in the synthesis of isolable compounds with EO bonds, including the investigation of donor‐stabilized isolable silanones and the first stable “genuine” germanone. These compounds show drastically different reactivities compared to ketones and represent versatile building blocks in silicon–oxygen and germanium–oxygen chemistry. This and other exciting achievements are described in this Minireview.
1‐Allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium halometallate ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for the glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Wang Qian , Lu Xingmei , Zhou Xueyuan , Zhu Minli , He Hongyan , Zhang Xiangping 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSeries of 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium halometallate ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and used to degrade poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as catalysts in the solvent of ethylene glycol. One important feature of these new IL catalysts is that most of them, especially [amim][CoCl3] and [amim][ZnCl3], exhibit higher catalytic activity under mild reaction condition, compared to the traditional catalysts [e.g., Zn(Ac)2], the conventional IL catalysts (e.g., [bmim]Cl), Fe‐containing magnetic IL catalysts (e.g., [bmim][FeCl4]), and metallic acetate IL catalysts (e.g., [Deim][Zn(OAc)3]). For example, using [amim][ZnCl3] as catalyst, the conversion of PET and the selectivity of bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) reach up to 100% and 80.1%, respectively, under atmospheric pressure at 175°C for only 1.25 h. Another important feature is that BHET can be easily separated from the catalyst and has a high purity. Finally, based on the experimental phenomena, in ‐situ infrared spectra, and experimental results, the possible mechanism of degradation with synthesized IL is proposed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Induction of heat shock gene expression in RAT1 primary fibroblast cells by ELF electric fields
Authors: Frisch Paul , Li Gloria C. , McLeod Kenneth , Laramee Craig B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that the Ku70 gene fragment can be placed in the anti‐sense orientation under the control of a heat‐inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) promoter and activated through heat shock exposure. This results in attenuation of the Ku70 protein expression, inhibiting cellular repair processes, and sensitizing the transfected cells to exposures such as the ionizing radiation exposures used clinically. However, achieving the tissue temperatures necessary to thermally induce the HSP70 response presents significant limitations to the clinical application of this strategy. Previous findings suggest an alternative approach to inducing a heat shock response, specifically through the use of extremely low frequency (ELF) electrical field stimulation. To further pursue this approach, we investigated HSP70 responses in transfected rat primary fibroblast (RAT1) cells exposed to 10 Hz electric fields at intensities of 20–500 V/m. We confirmed that low frequency electric fields can induce HSP70 heat shock expression, with peak responses obtained at 8 h following a 2 h field exposure. However, the approximate threefold increase in expression is substantially lower than that obtained using thermal stimulation, raising questions of the clinical utility of the response. Bioelectromagnetics 34:405–413, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhomogeneous background magnetic field in biological incubators is a potential confounder for experimental variability and reproducibility
Authors: Portelli Lucas A. , Schomay Theodore E. , Barnes Frank S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis report shows that the background magnetic field in biological incubators can vary by orders of magnitude within and between incubators. These variations can be observed within the same incubator in locations that are centimeters apart from each other as well as between incubators that are identical and located in the same laboratory. Additionally, the values measured were frequently outside the range of magnitudes found naturally on the Earth's surface or ordinary habitation spaces. Exposure to such altered magnetic field environments has been experimentally shown to be sufficient to cause numerous effects in cell cultures. Examples of the effects reported span from differential generation of free radicals and heat shock proteins to differences in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death. Although the effects are not well established and the molecular mechanism of action is currently under debate, these observations alone support the notion that the inhomogeneity of the background magnetic field in incubators is a potential confounding source of the variability and reproducibility for studies performed on cell cultures. In this regard, it is recommended that special measures be adopted to control the background magnetic fields in incubators when investigating the biological effects of exposure to magnetic fields of comparable characteristics as the ones measured in this study, or when studying small biological effects in general. Bioelectromagnetics 34:337–348, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
G protein‐coupled receptors engage the mammalian Hippo pathway through F‐actin
Authors: Regué Laura , Mou Fan , Avruch Joseph 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Hippo pathway, a cascade of protein kinases that inhibits the oncogenic transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ, was discovered in Drosophila as a major determinant of organ size in development. Known modes of regulation involve surface proteins that mediate cell‐cell contact or determine epithelial cell polarity which, in a tissue‐specific manner, use intracellular complexes containing FERM domain and actin‐binding proteins to modulate the kinase activities or directly sequester YAP. Unexpectedly, recent work demonstrates that GPCRs, especially those signaling through Galpha12/13 such as the protease activated receptor PAR1, cause potent YAP dephosphorylation and activation. This response requires active RhoA GTPase and increased assembly of filamentous (F‐)actin. Morever, cell architectures that promote F‐actin assembly per se also activate YAP by kinase‐dependent and independent mechanisms. These findings unveil the ability of GPCRs to activate the YAP oncogene through a newly recognized signaling function of the actin cytoskeleton, likely to be especially important for normal and cancerous stem cells.
Enzyme production by the mixed fungal culture with nano‐shear pretreated biomass and lignocellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Lu Jue , Weerasiri Rankothge Ranjith , Liu Yan , Wang Wei , Ji Shaowen , Lee Ilsoon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCellulase, xylanase, and β‐glucosidase production was studied on novel nano‐shear pretreated corn stover by the mixed fungi culture. The high shear force from a modified Tayor‐Couette nano‐shear mixing reactor efficiently disintegrated corn stover, resulting in a homogeneous watery mash with particles in much reduced size. Scanning electron microscope study showed visible mini‐pores on the fiber cell wall surface, which could improve the accessibility of the pretreated corn stover to microorganisms. Mixed fungal culture of Trichoderma reesei RUT‐C30 and Aspergillus niger produced enzymes with higher cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities on corn stover pretreated with nano‐shear mixing reactor, in comparison with other pretreatment methods, including acid and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment. The hydrolytic potential of the whole fermentation broth from the mixed fungi was studied, and the possibility of applying the whole cell saccharification concept was also investigated to further reduce the cost of lignocellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2123–2130. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualizing cellulase activity
Authors: Bubner Patricia , Plank Harald , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCommercial exploitation of lignocellulose for biotechnological production of fuels and commodity chemicals requires efficient—usually enzymatic—saccharification of the highly recalcitrant insoluble substrate. A key characteristic of cellulose conversion is that the actual hydrolysis of the polysaccharide chains is intrinsically entangled with physical disruption of substrate morphology and structure. This “substrate deconstruction” by cellulase activity is a slow, yet markedly dynamic process that occurs at different length scales from and above the nanometer range. Little is currently known about the role of progressive substrate deconstruction on hydrolysis efficiency. Application of advanced visualization techniques to the characterization of enzymatic degradation of different celluloses has provided important new insights, at the requisite nano‐scale resolution and down to the level of single enzyme molecules, into cellulase activity on the cellulose surface. Using true in situ imaging, dynamic features of enzyme action and substrate deconstruction were portrayed at different morphological levels of the cellulose, thus providing new suggestions and interpretations of rate‐determining factors. Here, we review the milestones achieved through visualization, the methods which significantly promoted the field, compare suitable (model) substrates, and identify limiting factors, challenges and future tasks. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1529–1549. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved polyhydroxybutyrate production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the use of the phosphoketolase pathway
Authors: Kocharin Kanokarn , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe metabolic pathways of the central carbon metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are well studied and consequently S. cerevisiae has been widely evaluated as a cell factory for many industrial biological products. In this study, we investigated the effect of engineering the supply of precursor, acetyl‐CoA, and cofactor, NADPH, on the biosynthesis of the bacterial biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), in S. cerevisiae. Supply of acetyl‐CoA was engineered by over‐expression of genes from the ethanol degradation pathway or by heterologous expression of the phophoketolase pathway from Aspergillus nidulans. Both strategies improved the production of PHB. Integration of gapN encoding NADP+‐dependent glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus mutans into the genome enabled an increased supply of NADPH resulting in a decrease in glycerol production and increased production of PHB. The strategy that resulted in the highest PHB production after 100 h was with a strain harboring the phosphoketolase pathway to supply acetyl‐CoA without the need of increased NADPH production by gapN integration. The results from this study imply that during the exponential growth on glucose, the biosynthesis of PHB in S. cerevisiae is likely to be limited by the supply of NADPH whereas supply of acetyl‐CoA as precursor plays a more important role in the improvement of PHB production during growth on ethanol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2216–2224. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatic regeneration and functional recovery following partial liver resection in an experimental model of hepatic steatosis treated with omega-3 fatty acids
Authors: Marsman H A , de Graaf W , Heger M , van Golen R F , ten Kate F J W , Bennink R , van Gulik T M 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to reduce experimental hepatic steatosis and protect the liver from ischaemia–reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of omega-3 FAs on regeneration of steatotic liver.

Methods
Steatosis was induced in rats by a 3-week methionine/choline-deficient diet, which was continued for an additional 2 weeks in conjunction with oral administration of omega-3 FAs or saline solution. Steatosis was graded histologically and quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) before and after the diet/treatment. Liver function was determined by 99mTc-labelled mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS). In separate experiments, the hepatic regenerative capacity and functional recovery of omega-3 FA-treated, saline-treated or non-steatotic (control) rats were investigated 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after partial (70 per cent) liver resection by measurement of liver weight change and hepatocyte proliferation (Ki-67) and HBS.

Results
Severe steatosis (over 66 per cent) in the saline group was reduced by omega-3 FAs to mild steatosis (less than 33 per cent), and hepatic fat content as assessed by 1H-MRS decreased 2·2-fold. 99mTc-mebrofenin uptake in the saline group was more than 50 per cent lower than in the control group, confirming the functional effects of steatosis. 99mTc-mebrofenin uptake and regenerated liver mass were significantly greater in the omega-3 group compared with the saline group on days 1 and 3. The posthepatectomy proliferation peak response was delayed until day 2 in saline-treated rats, compared with day 1 in the omega-3 and control groups.

Conclusion
Omega-3 FAs effectively reduced severe hepatic steatosis, which was associated with improved liver regeneration and functional recovery following partial hepatectomy.