bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blitzlampengepumpte Farbstofflaser
Authors: Schmidt Werner , Schäfer Fritz P. 
Published: March 2015

The threshold pumping power required for dye lasers increases with increasing rise time of the pumping pulse. This is shown by experiments and by analog computer calculations based on the assumption that the population of the upper laser level is depleted by transitions into triplet states of the dye molecules.
A special flash lamp with a pulse rise time of 300 ns was used as a pumping light source. Pulse form measurements of spontaneous and laser emission from dye solutions pumped by this flash lamp support the above assumption.
Mikrowellenspektrum, Struktur und l-Typ-Dublett-Aufspaltung der HCNO (Knallsäure)
Authors: Winnewisser Manfred , Bodenseh Hans Karl 
Published: March 2015

The microwave spectra of unstable, gaseous fulminic acid H12C14N16O and five of its isotopically substituted species have been studied in the frequency range from 10 to 46 GHz. The spectrum of molecules in the ground vibrational state established the linearity of the chain HCNO. The following rotational constants B0 for the ground state were obtained:
B0 (H12C14N16O) = 11 469.04 MHz, B0 (H12C14N17O) = 11 151.69 MHz,
B0 (D12C14N16O) = 10 292.51 MHz, B0 (H12C14N18O) = 10 865.34 MHz,
B0 (H13C14N16O) = 11 091.57 MHz, B0 (D13C14N16O) = 10 011.18 MHz.
From these a combined r8- and r0-structure has been evaluated: r(C—H) = (1.027±0.001) A, r(C—N) = (1.161 ± 0.015) A, r(N—O) = (1.207±0.015) A.
The rather large uncertainties in the C—N- and N—O-distances are due to the proximity of the N-atom to the center of gravity.
It appears to be the first time that, in the same molecule, two different ι-type doublets (Δl=0, AJ= + 1) and their corresponding series of /-type doubling transitions (Al =2, ΔJ = 0), arising from the two degenerate bending modes (υ4=1 and v5=1), have been observed.
The analysis of the two ι-type doubling series revealed a marked dependence of the /-type doubling constants q4 and q5 on higher powers of the angular momentum J. This J-dependence was found to be substantially different for the two vibrational modes.
The doubling constants given in MHz are
q4=23.6722 - (0.6139·10-3) J(J+1) + (0.1417·10-6) [J(J+1)]2-(0199·10-10) [J(J+1)]3,
q5=34.6391 - (0.1623·10-3) J(J+1) + (1.00·10-9) [J(J+1)]2.
The molecular dipole moment was determined from Stark-effect measurements on the J=0 → 1 transition in the ground state and found to be (3.06 ± 0.15) Debye. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for the 14N- and 170-nuclei can be given as
e q Q (17O) = — (12.31 ± 0.12) MHz and | e q Q (14N) | ≦ 0.3 MHz.
Das toroidale schwachionisierte Magnetoplasma II
Authors: Karger F. 
Published: March 2015

A special alternating field method was used to eliminate the influence of the concentration effect (described in Part I1) on the measurements of interest and to increase by more than an order of magnitude the critical magnetic field strength for the onset of the helical instability of the positive column. This made it possible to check in detail the theory — formulated in Parts I and II — of a stable, weakly ionized toroidal magnetoplasma (potential profile, density profile, charge carrier losses).
The theoretically predicted transverse electric field strength leading to the torus drift was observed, while the outward density displacement due to the torus drift did not occur. It was proved that the reason for this was an effect which results from a transverse gradient in the rate of ionization (grad ξ effect) and which causes a substantial reduction of the charge carrier losses. In the decaying plasma with vanishing longitudinal electric field, on the other hand, the outward density displacement was reeorded in accordance with the theory.
The influence of the toroidal curvature on the magnetic field strength at which the helical instability sets in and on the turbulent state of the positive column was also investigated. It was also possible to verify the influence of the grad ξ effect on the helical oscillation.
The grad ξ effect may be important for the early heating phase in projected toroidal fusion machines with neutral gas stabilization.
Methode zur Berechnung des Mittleren Inneren Potentials und deren Anwendung auf NaCl, KBr und Cu
Authors: Bühner Hans F. , Steeb Siegfried 
Published: March 2015

From recently published analytic approximations to X-Ray scattering factors which were obtained from improved wave functions, the mean inner potential (MIP) was calculated according to the BETHE formula. With sodium chloride, potassium bromide and copper the values 7.33, 8.32 and 18.43 Volts, respectively, were obtained. All these values are smaller than the experimental values of 8.24, 9.05 and 19.00 Volts, respectively, which were published recently 3.
The procedure delivers good results with respect to the comparatively simple method of calculation and it has the advantage of being applicable to all kinds of ions and atoms. Furthermore, a method of calculation is given for the case, that the charge cloud covers a greater region than that of one ion.
Ein neues c′1Πg — b1IIu-Bandensystem des C2-Moleküls
Authors: Messerle G. , Krauss L. 
Published: March 2015

Homogeneous rotational perturbations (Δ Λ = 0) were found in the DESLANDRES-D’AZAMBUJA bands (c1Πg — b1Πu) for v′ ≧ 3. The rotational analysis showed that the c1Πg state is perturbed by an hitherto unknown c′1Πg state. Vibrational levels of the c′1Πg state were determined from ν = 0 up to ν = 5. Furthermore some additional vibrational levels of the c1Πg state could be identified up to ν = 8.
The detection of the c′1Πg state explains the observed strong vibrational perturbation of the c1Πg state. The mutual position of the two 1Πg potential curves is plotted approximately.
Dynamische Theorie der Röntgenstrahl-Interferenzen an schwach verzerrten Kristallgittern
Authors: kambe Kyozaburo 
Published: March 2015

A geometrical-optical approach to the problem of the propagation of X-rays in weakly deformed crystals is developed in a general form along the lines of the Hamilton-Jakobi theory. It starts from the eikonal equation, which has been derived from Maxwell’s equations in Part I1 and arrives at the equations of Penning and Polder3 and Fermat’s principle by Kato 4. The amplitude equation, which has also been derived in Part I, is interpreted by means of the energy-flow picture, the absorption being taken into account.
Application of the theory to the two-beam case gives an equation of rays, which has a remarkable resemblance to the relativistic equation of motion of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. Representation of the lattice distortion by a displacement vector enables one to obtain equations of rays, phases and amplitudes in a form suited to the practical calculation.
Optical Determination of Thermal Conductivity with a Plane Source Technique
Authors: Gustafsson Silas E. , Halling Nils-Olov , Kjellander Rolf A. E. 
Published: March 2015

A recently developed plane source method for non-steady-state measurements of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of transparent liquids is now being applied to the study of molten salts. In these first measurements sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate have been investigated from their melting points to about 450°C. No temperature dependence of the thermal diffusivity can be established for either of the liquids, whereas the thermal conductivity in both cases increases very slowly with the temperature.
A description of the experimental arrangement is included.
Photoionisationsuntersuchungen an Atomstrahlen
Authors: Comes F. J. , Elzer A. , Speier F. 
Published: March 2015

The crossed beam technique is for the first time used in a mass spectrometric investigation of photoionization products. The photoionization threshold of atomic hydrogen is 911 Å and its photoionization cross section is exactly calculable. This allows the amount of ionization to be calculated, if the intensity of the radiation and the particle density are known. On the other hand, an unknown photon flux can be determined from the measured proton current. With the new technique the absolute photoelectric yield and/or the photoionization cross section of gases can be measured.The experimental device consists essentially of a UV monochromator, a hydrogen atomic beam, and a mass spectrometer. By the atomic beam technique it is also possible to measure the photoionization cross section of unstable particles such as atomic oxygen and atomic nitrogen.
Untersuchungen zur Beschleunigung von Plasma mit elektromagnetischen Wanderwellen
Authors: Bieger W. , Gresser H. , Hoenen F. , Läuter R. , Richter F. , Stampa A. , Tuczek H. 
Published: March 2015

With regard to the application in plasma wind-tunnels or propulsion devices, the electrodeless generation and acceleration of plasma by an electromagnetic wave travelling along a special transmission line are investigated.
Our first aim was to obtain information on the interaction of the wave with the plasma and to determine the initial parameters for effective operation. In the first experiments the efficiency of the process was not a primary concern. The transmission lines were terminated in matched loads where the whole electromagnetic energy at the output of the circuit, of the order of 100 MW, was dissipated. Such devices can be operated only in a pulsed manner, because it is practically impossible to maintain such high energies for long periods of time. Plasma pulses with a length of about 1 m, densities up to 1014 cm-3 and particle velocities between 5 ×106 cm/sec and 1.2 × 108 cm/sec could be produced. The interaction of wave and plasma could be described in good agreement with a simple model in which we assumed the ions of the plasma to be reflected elastically on a magnetic piston. For the production of longer or continuously streaming beams it appears necessary to go over to a feed-back circuit, where the energy at the output of the line is reinjected at the input by using an appropriate transformer. A high frequency oscillator is used to compensate the energy losses resulting from ohmic effects and from the plasma acceleration. The realization of such a circuit was studied theoretically and experimentally.
Über das Elektronenspektrum von Fluorenon Beobachtung einer durch ein elektrisches Feld induzierten Absorptionsbande
Authors: Liptay W. , Weisenberger H. , Tiemann F. , Eberlein W. , Konopka G. 
Published: March 2015

Aus der anisotropen Fluoreszenz und aus elektrooptischen Absorptionsmessungen konnten die Übergangsmomentrichtungen der Absorptionsbanden des Fluorenons eindeutig bestimmt und die Veränderungen des Dipolmoments beim Anregungsprozeß für drei Banden ermittelt werden. Die elektrooptischen Absorptionsmessungen zeigten weiterhin, daß die Übergangsmomente der Banden bei 23 000 cm—1 und bei 39 000 cm-1 nur wenig durch ein elektrisches Feld beeinflußt werden; das Übergangsmoment der Bande bei 31 000 cm-1 nimmt dagegen in einem äußeren elektrischen Feld stark zu.
Nach diesen Ergebnissen war zu erwarten, daß die Intensität der Absorptionsbande bei 31 000 cm-1 stark lösungsmittelabhängig ist, die Wellenzahl des Absorptionsmaximums aber nur um einige 100 cm-1 verschoben wird. Durch entsprechende experimentelle Untersuchungen konnte dies bestätigt werden. Die Absorptionsbande bei 31 000 cm-1 ist im Gaszustand verschwunden, also ist der Übergang im freien Molekül mindestens näherungsweise zufällig verboten. Die in Lösungen beobachtbare Intensität (bis ε &gt; 1300) wird nur durch die Störung des Moleküls durch dessen Reaktionsfeld verursacht; es handelt sich also um eine durch ein elektrisches Feld induzierte Absorptionsbande. Durch die Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Lage und der Intensität der Absorptionsbande werden früher veröffentlichte theoretische Untersuchungen bestätigt.
In geeigneten Wasserstoffbrückenassoziaten des Fluorenons, z. B. mit Hexafluorisopropanol, wird die Bande bei 31 000 cm-1 noch stärker rotverschoben und die Intensität weiter erhöht (ε =2640). Die n→π* -Bande bei 23 000 bis 28 000 cm-1 wird dagegen stark blauverschoben und kann nicht mehr beobachtet werden. Dies erlaubt eine getrennte Bestimmung der π →π*Absorptionsbande bei ca. 23 000 cm-1, die im nichtwasserstoffverbrückten Fluorenon von der n →π* -Bande überlagert ist.
Molecular Constants of GeCl4 and SnCl4 from Coriolis Coupling Constants and an Appraisal of the Accuracy of the Method in Determining Force Fields, Mean Amplitudes and Shrinkage
Authors: Kebabçioglu R. , Müller A. , Peacock C. J. , Lange L. 
Published: March 2015

The Coriolis Coupling constants of GeCl4 and SnCl4 are obtained from the contours of the ν4 bands and used to determine the force fields. From consideration of these and that previously reported for SiCl4 it is shown that even relatively inaccurate Coriolis constants can yield better force fields and Bastiansen-Morino shrinkage effects than experimental mean amplitudes of vibration; but that for SnCl4 , because of significant differences between usually valid approximate force fields and the Coriolis constant fixed one, a wrong value of the constant may have been obtained.
It is also shown that the force field obtained from Vol’kenshtein’s theory of absolute Raman intensities is not very good for GeCl4 and wildly inaccurate for SnCl4 .
Isotopenaustausch-Untersuchungen an Silicat-Ionenaustauschern
Authors: Hoinkis E. , Levi H. W. 
Published: March 2015

A method has been developed to measure the rate of rapid heterogeneous ion exchange reactions between powdered solids and an aqueous solution within the temperature range from 100 to 180 °C.
The principle of this method is the following: Both the preheated solid and the preheated aqueous solution are brought into contact by breaking a container. After an exchange period of ≧ 10 sec the process is interrupted within a time intervall of 0.2 sec by splashing cold alkohol ( — 115 °C) into the reaction vessel.
By means of this “temperature-jump”-method the isotopic exchange in Ba-zeolite A has been investigated.
The diffusion process was found to be not uniform at temperatures up to 100 °C just as already had been shown for Cs difussion in Zeolith A. Above 100 °C, however, it appears to become an ideal diffusion process exactly obeying the solution of the diffusion-equation for the relevant case over the entire range of the process.
Gas-Solid Interaction
Authors: Sanesi Manlio , Wagner Vittoriano 
Published: March 2015

The heats of adsorption on weakly activated γ-aluminium oxide for a number of linear alkanes (from n-butane to n-nonane) and for 2.2.4-trimethylpentane have been determined by GSC and extrapolated to zero surface coverage.
The dependance of the adsorption energy on the number of carbon atoms is discussed on the basis of the bidimensional gas model: it is shown that the interactions of the adsorbates with the oxidic surface are mainly due to London dispersion forces.
Theory of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction
Authors: Kambe Kyozaburo 
Published: March 2015

The method of calculating the intensities of waves in low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) which was applied in Part I to monatomic layers is generalized and applied to complex monolayers and multilayers. Using the “muffin-tin” model, which is widely used in the band theory of metals, the wave function is expanded in spherical harmonics on the surfaces of the set of atomic spheres which build a two-dimensional unit of the structure. The expansion coefficients are determined from the condition that the wave function should satisfy the integral equation of the problem on each of the surfaces of the atomic spheres.
The method is interpreted physically in terms of the multiple scattering by the system of atoms. Corresponding to the expansion of the wave function on the atomic spheres the waves falling on and scattered by the atoms are decomposed into “partial waves”. In this picture the theory is shown to be essentially equivalent to the dynamical theory of Ewald and also to the LEED theory of McRae. The pseudokinematical theory of Hoerni is derived if the multiple scattering is completely neglected.
The method can be modified, particularly for higher electron energies, to the form which introduces the “scattering matrix” of atomic layers and finally to the form which makes use of Bloch functions and thus becomes equivalent to the usual dynamical theory of X-ray and electron diffraction.
Z-θ-Entladungsanordnung mit überlagertem stationärem Magnetfeld einer Supraleitungsspule
Authors: Hertz W. 
Published: March 2015

Die Kombination starker stationärer Magnetfelder von Supraleitungsspulen mit Hochtemperaturplasmen und die zeitliche Variation dieser Felder stellen eine wesentliche Erweiterung der plasmaphysikalischen Experimentiermöglichkeiten und eine Vergrößerung der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten supraleitender Spulen in der Plasmaphysik dar.
Der Bericht befaßt sich mit einer θ-Entladungsapparatur, bei der die Entladung im überlagerten stationären Feld einer Supraleitungsspule erfolgt. Zur Plasmaerzeugung dient eine Z-Entladung. Das Problem der Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Felder von der Supraleitungsspule wird experimentell und theoretisch behandelt. An Hand einiger Streakaufnahmen wird die Funktionsfähigkeit der Versuchsanordnung demonstriert.
The Temperature Dependence of the Isotope Effect for Electromigration of Potassium Ions in Molten Potassium Nitrate
Authors: Lundén Arnold , Ekhed Alf 
Published: March 2015

The relative difference (Δb/b) between the electromigration mobilities of 39K and 41K in molten KNO3 has been measured over the range 354° to 586°C. The mass effect, μ= (Δb/b)/(Δm/m), becomes larger when the temperature is increased, following the relation
—,u =0.0385+0.000124 (t-337)
where t is the temperature in °C. Due to thermal decomposition, the nitrate is partly converted to nitrite, but it is proved by performing experiments with different initial concentrations of nitrite, that the isotope effect for potassium is not influenced noticeably by the concentration of the anions.
The experiment is designed to give an enrichment of the heavy isotope 41K in a small anode compartment and in the upper part of the separation tube. However, it was possible to establish that a slight, but significant, enrichment of the light isotope 39K was obtained in the lower part of the separation tube, i. e. just above the opening into the large cathode compartment. A separation factor of 1.003 was estimated for this enrichment effect, which is due to non-ideal conditions of the experiment.
Elektronen-Spin-Resonanz am Gd3+ im YCl3·6 H2O
Authors: Meierling D. , Ullmann W. 
Published: March 2015

In dieser Arbeit wird die Elektronen-Spin-Resonanz vom Gd3+-Ion im monoklinen YCl3·6H2O gemessen. Die Winkelabhängigkeit der Resonanzfeldstärken in den verschiedenen Ebenen wird mit einem geeigneten Spin-Hamilton-Operator beschrieben, daraus wird die Aufspaltung im Nullfeld berechnet.
Die Temperaturabhängigkeit für B2
0 wird verfolgt.
Zur Kinetik des Ionenaustauschers. Die Kopplung von Diffusion und Reaktion im Ionenaustauscher
Authors: Dickel G. 
Published: March 2015

Bei Messungen an Ionenaustauschern erhält man beim System K·—Li·· für die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit des Diffusionskoeffizienten völlig verschiedene Resultate, je nachdem, ob man im stationären oder im nichtstationären Zustand arbeitet. Dieser Befund läßt sich beschreiben, wenn man den Ionenaustausch als Kopplung eines Diffusionsvorganges mit einer Reaktion betrachtet. Dabei werden
1. die Haftstellen als Potentialmulden aufgefaßt, die für verschiedene Ionen eine unterschiedliche Tiefe besitzen, und es wird
2. angenommen, daß nur aktivierte Ionen am Diffusionsvorgang teilnehmen.
Chemische Reaktionskinematik
Authors: Ding A. , Henglein A. , Hyatt D. , Lacmann K. 
Published: March 2015

The distribution of the translational energy in the forward direction has been measured for the ions resulting from the reactions
CH3OH++D2 → CH3OHD++D
CH3OH++CD4 → CH3OHD++CD3

at various relative kinetic energies. At high energies, spectator stripping was observed. At low energies, intermediate complexes which isotropically decay are formed. The reaction with D2 has a threshold of about 0.2 eV in the CM system. The complex that is formed at energies slightly above the threshold decays without kinetic energy of the products. At high energies, exploding complexes are formed until stripping mainly determines the collision mechanism.
A simple model for D-atom transfer is proposed in which both the collision time and the resonance for energy transfer from the critical degree of freedom of the transition species into the other internal degrees of freedom are regarded. The relaxation time for the energy distribution among the degrees of freedom is estimated from the observed stripping → complex transition energies. Values of some 10-14 sec were obtained,which shows that internal energy relaxation in polyatomic species is a very fast process.
Das Redoxpotential des Systems Pyritinol/5′-Thiopyridoxin
Authors: Naumann R. 
Published: March 2015

The potentials of the system pyritinol/5′-thiopyridoxine were found to agree with the equation

E0 was calculated to be 0.08 V.
Measurements were carried out at a mercury electrode (versus SCE). The reduced form, 5'-thio· pyridoxine, had been generated first at the same electrode by cathodical reduction of a part of the pyritinol involved.
Elektrisches Dipolmoment von TlBr und TlJ
Authors: Tiemann E. 
Published: March 2015

Stark-effect measurements on pure rotational transitions of TlBr and Til are described. The derived electric dipole moments of the most abundant isotopic molecules on the ground vibrational state are:

205TL79Br : | μ0| = (4.493 ± 0.050) D , 205Tl127 I | μ 0| =(4.607 ± 0.070) D .
The electric dipole moment of 205Tl19F | μ 0|=4.2282 (8) D was used as standard.
Notizen: Über Wasserstoff-Verbindungen des Indiums. II. Zur Kenntnis eines ätherlöslichen Lithiumindanats LiInH4
Authors: Wiberg Egon , Schmidt Max 
Published: March 2015

Lithiumhydrid setzt sich mit ätherischen Lösungen von Indiumchlorid oder Indiumbromid bei —25° gemäß
4 LiH+InX3 → LiInH4 + 3 LiX
unter Bildung eines ätherlöslichen, stark hydrierend wirkenden Lithiumindanats LiInH4 um. das beim Abdunsten des Äthers bei —30° in Form eines weißen, festen Tri-ätherats LiInH4 · 3 OR2 hinterbleibt. Bei der Siedetemperatur des Äthers (35°) führt die Umsetzung zwischen Lithiumhydrid und Indiumhalogenid zu einem ätherunlöslichen, weißen, festen, polymeren Indiumwasserstoff (InH3)x :
3 LiH + InX3 → (InH3)x+3 LiX,
da sich das Lithiumindanat LiInH4 = LiH · InH3 in ätherischer Lösung schon unterhalb von 0° C leicht in seine Komponenten LiH und InH, spaltet, so daß ein äquimolekulares Gemisch von LiH und (InH3)v ausfällt.
Über die Hydrierung von Halogenverbindungen der 5. Hauptgruppe
Authors: Wiberg Egon , Nöth Heinrich 
Published: March 2015

Phenyl-phosphor(III)-chlorid PhPClPhPClzu Phenylphosphin („Phospho-Anilin“) PhPHAnwendung eines Molverhältnisses PhPClPhPCldas mit Borin in analoger Weise ein Addukt PhPClH · BHBeide Borphosphane vermögen in Analogie zu den homologen Borazanen über Borphosphene in Borphosphine überzugehen, die zum Unterschied von den homologen Borazincn nicht trimer, sondern hochmolekular sind.