bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic phantom for the validation of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hubbard Penny L. , Zhou Feng‐Lei , Eichhorn Stephen J. , Parker Geoffrey J.M. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeA range of advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) techniques are currently in development which characterize the orientation of white matter fibers using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). There is a need for a physical phantom with microstructural features of the brain's white matter to help validate these methods.MethodsHollow, co‐electrospun, aligned fibers with a tuneable size distribution have been produced in bulk and with an MR visible solvent infused into the pores. The morphology and size of the phantoms was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with DTI results obtained on both a clinical and preclinical scanner.ResultsBy varying inner diameter of the phantom fibers (from SEM: 9.5 μm, 11.9 μm, 13.4 μm) the radial diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, calculated from DTI, vary between 0.38 ± 0.05 × 103 and 0.61 ± 0.06 × 103 cm s−1 and between 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.33 ± 0.04, respectively.ConclusionWe envisage that these materials will be used for the validation of novel and established methods within the field of diffusion MRI, as well as for routine quality assurance purposes and for establishing scanner performance in multicenter trials. Magn Reson Med 73:299–305, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mapping measures of microscopic diffusion anisotropy in human brain white matter in vivo with double‐wave‐vector diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Lawrenz Marco , Finsterbusch Jürgen 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo demonstrate that rotationally invariant measures of the diffusion anisotropy on a microscopic scale can be mapped in human brain white matter in vivo.MethodsEcho‐planar imaging experiments (resolution 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 mm3) involving two diffusion‐weighting periods (δ = 22 ms, Δ = 25 ms) in the same acquisition, so‐called double‐wave‐vector or double‐pulsed‐field‐gradient diffusion‐weighting experiments, were performed on a 3 T whole‐body magnetic resonance system with a long mixing time (
ms) between the two diffusion weightings.ResultsThe disturbing influences of background gradient fields, eddy currents, and the finite mixing time can be minimized using 84 direction combinations based on nine directions and their antipodes. In healthy volunteers, measures of the microscopic diffusion anisotropy (
and MA indexes) could be mapped in white matter across the human brain. The measures were independent (i) of the absolute orientation of the head and of the diffusion directions and (ii) of the predominant fiber orientation. Compared to the fractional anisotropy derived from the conventional diffusion tensor, the double‐wave‐vector indexes exhibit a narrower distribution, which could reflect their independence of the fiber orientation distribution.ConclusionsMapping measures of the microscopic diffusion anisotropy in human brain white matter is feasible in vivo and could help to characterize tissue microstructure in the healthy and pathological brain. Magn Reson Med 73:773–783, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐terminal β‐strand swapping in a consensus‐derived alternative scaffold driven by stabilizing hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Luo Jinquan , Teplyakov Alexey , Obmolova Galina , Malia Thomas J. , Chan Winnie , Jacobs Steven A. , O'Neil Karyn T. , Gilliland Gary L. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe crystal structure of an N‐terminal β‐strand‐swapped consensus‐derived tenascin FN3 alternative scaffold has been determined. A comparison with the unswapped structure reveals that the side chain of residue F88 orients differently and packs more tightly with the hydrophobic core of the domain. Dimer formation also results in the burial of a hydrophobic patch on the surface of the domain. Thus, it appears that tighter packing of F88 in the hydrophobic core and burial of surface hydrophobicity provide the driving forces for the N‐terminal β‐strand swapping, leading to the formation of a stable compact dimer. Proteins 2014; 82:1527–1533. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alleviation of power fluctuation in a microgrid by electrolyzer based on optimal fuzzy gain scheduling PID control
Authors: Chaiyatham Theerawut , Ngamroo Issarachai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an application of the electrolyzer (EZ) to alleviate the power fluctuation in a microgrid with hybrid power generations from wind, photovoltaic array, fuel cell, and diesel engine. In this microgrid, the intermittent power generations from wind and photovoltaic arrays cause severe power fluctuation. With the fast response of EZ, the power absorbed by EZ can be controlled to compensate for the power fluctuation, in addition to the hydrogen production for fuel cell. The structure of the active and reactive power controllers of EZ is the fuzzy gain scheduling of a proportional‐integral‐derivative (FGS‐PID) controller. Without trial and error, the scale factors, membership functions, and control rules of the FGS‐PID controller are automatically optimized by bee colony optimization. A simulation study confirms that the proposed EZ with optimal FGS‐PID controller is much superior to the optimal PID controller in terms of damping effect, robustness against disturbances, and hydrogen production. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Low‐latency retransmission control in a wireless communication system for plant instrumentation and control
Authors: Murata Shinji , Arita Setsuo , Shimoyama Kazuya , Houda Isao , Masuko Hideaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhen wireless communication technology is applied to plant instrumentation and control systems, it is important to ensure real‐time transmission and high reliability of the wireless communication system. However, the wireless communication system is prone to more frequent occurrence of transmission errors than a wired communication system, so that generally retransmission is implemented generically. To reduce retransmission latency, we propose a method of low‐latency retransmission control, which is a data block transmission method with multi‐redundant media access control layer (MAC) headers, to implement a wireless communication system for plant instrumentation and control. We carried out system tests using prototypes with the proposed methods, that is, data block transmission with multi‐redundant MAC headers. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress Among Urban Residents
Authors: Lowe Sarah R. , Galea Sandro , Uddin Monica , Koenen Karestan C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUrban residents experience a wide range of traumatic events and are at increased risk of assaultive violence. Although previous research has examined trajectories of posttraumatic stress (PTS) through latent class growth analysis (LCGA) among persons exposed to the same index events (e.g., a natural disaster), PTS trajectories have not been documented among urban residents. The aims of this study were to conduct LGCA with a sample of trauma survivors from Detroit, Michigan (N = 981), and to explore predictors of trajectory membership. Participants completed three annual telephone surveys, each of which included the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist‐Civilian Version. Four PTS trajectories were detected. Although the majority evidenced a trajectory of consistently few symptoms (Low: 72.5 %), 4.6 % were in a trajectory of chronic severe PTSD (High), and the remainder were in trajectories of consistently elevated, but generally subclinical, levels of PTS (Decreasing: 12.3 %; Increasing: 10.6 %). Socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., lower income), more extensive trauma history (e.g., childhood abuse), and fewer social resources (e.g., lower social support) were associated with membership in higher PTS trajectories, relative to the Low trajectory. The results suggest that efforts to reduce PTS in urban areas need to attend to socioeconomic vulnerabilities in addition to trauma history and risk for ongoing trauma exposure.
Fats from Chemically Interesterified High‐Oleic Sunflower Oil and Fully Hydrogenated Palm Oil
Authors: Masuchi Monise Helen , Gandra Kelly Moreira , Marangoni André Luis , de Sá Perenha Cristiane , Chiu Ming Chih , Grimaldi Renato , Gonçalves Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChemical interesterification of different lipid materials has considerable potential for the production of a wide variety of special fats with improved functional and nutritional properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical interesterification of blends of high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO) in the ratios (% w/w) of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. The blends were characterized in triacylglycerol composition, melting point, solid fat content and crystallization behavior, and some applications in food products were suggested. The interesterification altered the solid fat content, melting point and crystallization isotherm of the samples, after the levels of trisaturated triacylglycerols decreased and disaturated–monounsaturated and monosaturated–diunsaturated triacylglycerol contents increased, due to the randomization of fatty acids. The modification in the triacylglycerol composition promoted greater miscibility between the HOSO and FHPO fractions, creating new application possibilities for the food industry.
Assessing sequence and relationship of regional maturation in corpus callosum and internal capsule in preterm and term newborns by diffusion‐tensor imaging
Authors: Miao XiaoLin , Qi Min , Cui ShuDong , Guan YaFei , Jia ZhenYu , Hong XunNing , Jiang YanNi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to investigate water diffusion in living tissue.ObjectiveTo investigate sequence and relationship of regional maturation in corpus callosum (CC) and internal capsule (IC) in preterm and term.MethodsDTI was performed on 11 preterm infants at less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age (group I), 21 preterm infants at equivalent‐term (group II), 11 term infants during neonatal period (group III). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured in: anterior limb of IC (ALIC), posterior limb of IC (PLIC), genu and splenium of CC.ResultsFA in splenium was more than that in other regions except genu of group I. Differences of FA between genu and PLIC were significant only in group III. ADC in genu was more than that in other regions but in splenium of groups I and II. Differences of ADC between splenium and ALIC were insignificant except group II. Higher FA and lower ADC in PLIC were gotten compared with those in ALIC. Correlations of FA and of ADC existed in CC and IC.ConclusionMaturation sequence was splenium followed by genu, then by PLIC and last by ALIC in term at neonatal period. Genu's maturation in preterm at equivalent‐term was hindered. Regional maturation's correlations existed in CC and IC.
Family factors predicting vocabulary in Turkish as a heritage language
Authors: WILLARD JESSICA A. , AGACHE ALEXANDRU , JÄKEL JULIA , GLÜCK CHRISTIAN W. , LEYENDECKER BIRGIT 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMost immigrant parents face the challenge of passing on their heritage language to their children. Family predictors of Turkish heritage language vocabulary are examined for 119 preschoolers and 121 fourth graders in Germany. Path analyses link children's Turkish vocabulary to the family background (parents’ education and generational status), the home literacy environment (HLE), and mothers’ language use. The main findings are (a) the HLE predicts children's Turkish vocabulary, (b) mothers’ use of Turkish with their children predicts children's Turkish vocabulary, and (c) family background is mainly connected to Turkish vocabulary by way of mothers’ use of Turkish. The HLE and being exposed to Turkish are both important for children's heritage vocabulary. Thus, parents can use everyday resources to actively promote their children's Turkish language skills.
Taxonomic and phytogeographical problems in Astragalus of the Old World and South-West Asia
Authors: Podlech D. 
Published: January 2014

SynopsisAstragalus, excluding Astracantha (formerly Astragalus subgenus Tragacantha), has a world total of c. 2500 species, of which c. 500 are in the New World; it is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The estimated number of species in the Flora Iranica area is c. 900–1000. Because of the huge size of the genus, no one person is familiar with all its groups; although 150 sections have been described, many are poorly delimited, often not typified and many untenable. In the Old World the genus is almost entirely restricted to the northern hemisphere. Sections with primitive characters mostly contain mesophytic species widespread in mountains and relatively humid regions; in the more advanced sections the species are adapted to dry or arid conditions.Only a few sections are strictly endemic to the Flora Iranica area (e.g. sects. Microphysa, Acanthophace, Leucocercis). In 2 of the better known large sections (Astragalus and Caprini) there are 2 main centres of diversity: the Armenian knot and the Zagros mountains; Afghanistan and the adjacent Pamir-Alai region. Their patterns of distribution and migration are probably repeated in several other sections in the genus.
Geographical spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic wave and the two succeeding influenza seasons
Authors: GOMEZ-BARROSO D. , MARTINEZ-BENEITO M. A. , FLORES V. , AMORÓS R. , DELGADO C. , BOTELLA P. , ZURRIAGA O. , LARRAURI A. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to monitor the spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 pandemic and the following two influenza seasons 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 using a Bayesian Poisson mixed regression model; and implement this model of geographical analysis in the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System to obtain maps of influenza incidence for every week. In the pandemic wave the maps showed influenza activity spreading from west to east. The 2010–2011 influenza epidemic wave plotted a north-west/south-east pattern of spread. During the 2011–2012 season the spread of influenza was geographically heterogeneous. The most important source of variability in the model is the temporal term. The model of spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence is a supplementary tool of influenza surveillance in Spain.
High prevalence ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaein a remote, undertreated population of Namibian pastoralists
Authors: HAZEL A. , PONNALURI-WEARS S. , DAVIS G. S. , LOW B. S. , FOXMAN B. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe highly remote pastoralist communities in Kaokoland, Namibia, have long been presumed to have high gonorrhoea prevalence. To estimate gonorrhoea prevalence and correlates of infection, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 446 adults across 28 rural villages. Gonorrhoea status was determined from urethral and vaginal swabs via qPCR assay. All participants answered a closed-ended interview about demographics, sexual behaviour and symptom history. Sixteen per cent of participants had high-level infections (⩾ID50dose) and 48% had low-level infections (<ID50dose). Women had higher prevalence than men of both high- and low-level infections. High-level infections were regionally and seasonally clustered, occurring in young adults in the Ehama region during the winter. Low-level infections were distributed homogenously across demographic characteristics, season, and region. All low-level infections and most high-level infections (men 78%, women 95%) were asymptomatic and left untreated. The epidemic-like nature of high-level gonorrhoea cases suggests that intervention efforts can be focused on seasons of high social activity.
Longitudinal Study of Sustained Attention in Outpatients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Harmell Alexandrea L. , Mausbach Brent T. , Moore Raeanne C. , Depp Colin A. , Jeste Dilip V. , Palmer Barton W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorder (BD) may exhibit attentional deficits, however, the extent of impairment and long-term fluctuations in performance in attention are relatively unknown. We investigated the relationship between sustained attention and affective symptoms over time among BD patients. We also examined whether global differences in attentional capacity differed among BDversusnormal comparison (NC) subjects. Participants included 106 outpatients with BD and 66 NC subjects who were administered symptom rating scales and a measure of sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test- Identical Pairs). Measures were repeated 6, 12, and 26 weeks post-baseline. Compared to NC subjects, participants with BD showed impairment in sustained attention across time. Within patient increases in manic symptoms were associated with increased false alarms; both manic and depressive symptoms were associated with worse discrimination. Neither manic nor depressive symptoms were related to hit rates. Our results indicate that the ability to inhibit a response to near miss stimuli (i.e., those that are close to but not identical to the target) is globally impaired among BD patients relative to NC subjects, as well as state-dependent, covarying with affective symptoms. Psychosocial interventions requiring high levels of attentional capacity may need to be adapted according to patients’ current symptomatology. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–8)
Poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in adulthood
Authors: Wennberg Maria , Gustafsson Per E , Wennberg Patrik , Hammarström Anne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse whether poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome and its components in adulthood. Previous studies suggest that regular breakfast consumption improves metabolic parameters.DesignProspective. Breakfast habits and other lifestyle variables at age 16 years were assessed from questionnaires. Poor breakfast habits were defined as skipping breakfast or only drinking or eating something sweet. At age 43 years, the effective sample consisted of 889 participants defined as having the metabolic syndrome or not, using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals.SettingThe Northern Swedish Cohort, a longitudinal population-based cohort with 27-year follow-up.SubjectsAdolescents (age 16 years).ResultsPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 27·0 %. Of the participants, 9·9 % were classified with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years. Adjusted odds for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was OR = 1·68 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·78) for those with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years compared with breakfast eaters. Looking at the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits at age 16 years were associated with central obesity (OR = 1·71; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·92) and high fasting glucose (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·02) at age 43 years, even after multivariate adjustments.ConclusionsPoor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Of the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted central obesity and high fasting glucose in adulthood. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between early breakfast habits and adult metabolic syndrome.
Ferromagnetic CaRuO3
Authors: Tripathi Shivendra , Rana Rakesh , Kumar Sanjay , Pandey Parul , Singh R. S. , Rana D. S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe non-magnetic and non-Fermi-liquid CaRuO3 is the iso-structural analog of the ferromagnetic (FM) and Fermi-liquid SrRuO3. We show that an FM order in the orthorhombic CaRuO3 can be established by the means of tensile epitaxial strain. The structural and magnetic property correlations in the CaRuO3 films formed on SrTiO3 (100) substrate establish a scaling relation between the FM moment and the tensile strain. The strain dependent crossover from non-magnetic to FM CaRuO3 was observed to be associated with switching of non-Fermi liquid to Fermi-liquid behavior. The intrinsic nature of this strain-induced FM order manifests in the Hall resistivity too; the anomalous Hall component realizes in FM tensile-strained CaRuO3 films on SrTiO3 (100) whereas the non-magnetic compressive-strained films on LaAlO3 (100) exhibit only the ordinary Hall effect. These observations of an elusive FM order are consistent with the theoretical predictions of scaling of the tensile epitaxial strain and the magnetic order in tensile CaRuO3. We further establish that the tensile strain is more efficient than the chemical route to induce FM order in CaRuO3.
Relativistic Hydrodynamics
Authors: Rezzolla Luciano , Zanotti Olindo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe book provides a lively and approachable introduction to the main concepts and techniques of relativistic hydrodynamics in a form which will appeal to physicists at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The book is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the physical aspects of relativistic hydrodynamics, touching on fundamental topics such as kinetic theory, equations of state, mathematical aspects of hyperbolic partial differential equations, linear and nonlinear waves in fluids, reaction fronts, and the treatment of non-ideal fluids. The second part provides an introductory but complete description of those numerical methods currently adopted in the solution of the relativistic-hydrodynamic equations. Starting from traditional finite-difference methods, modern high-resolution shock-capturing methods are discussed with special emphasis on Godunov upwind schemes based on Riemann solvers. High-order schemes are also treated, focusing on essentially non-oscillatory and weighted non-oscillatory methods, Galerkin methods and on modern ADER approaches. Finally, the third part of the book is devoted to applications and considers several physical and astrophysical systems for which relativistic hydrodynamics plays a crucial role. Several non-self-gravitating systems are first studied, including self-similar flows, relativistic blast waves, spherical flows onto a compact object, relativistic accreting disks, relativistic jets and heavy-ion collisions. Self-gravitating systems are also considered, from isolated stars, to more dynamical configurations such as the collapse to a black hole or the dynamics of binary systems. The book is especially recommended to astrophysicists, particle physicists and applied mathematicians.
Relativistic Perfect Fluids
Authors: Rezzolla Luciano , Zanotti Olindo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter builds the mathematical framework that is behind relativistic perfect fluids, namely those fluids for which viscous effects and heat fluxes are zero. Starting from the definition of the kinematic quantities of a perfect fluid and of the energy–momentum tensor, we explore the numerous forms assumed by the relativistic-hydrodynamics equations under a variety of conditions. While some of these conditions reflect simplifying assumptions, for instance when the flow is irrotational, or isentropic, or stationary, the resulting analytic solutions provide valuable insights that can be exploited even when considering more realistic and complex conditions. The chapter is completed by two advanced topics, represented by the derivation of the relativistic-hydrodynamics equations from variational principles and the treatment of multicomponent fluids.