bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporality, Race, and Empire in Cooper'sThe Deerslayer: The Beginning of the End
Authors: Levine Robert S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the issues of temporality, race, and empire in American literature, focusing on James Fenimore Cooper's The Deerslayer. It explains that this novel both begins and ends the five novels of Cooper's Leatherstocking series and investigates how U.S. empire building infects the relationship between frontier romances and white imperialism. The article discusses the work of Ojibwa Indian George Copway and highlights Cooper's belief that the “cause” of the Indians should be “defended.”
Animals and The Formation of Liberal Subjectivity in Nineteenth-Century American Literature
Authors: Boggs Colleen Glenney 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article investigates why nineteenth-century views of human subjectivity repeatedly cross into the terrain of the nonhuman and animals, and examines the formation of liberal subjectivity. It offers subtle readings of John Locke, Emily Dickinson, and other theorists of what has become known as animal studies. The article traces the links between the ontological questions posed by current affect theory to Lockean origins and subsequent intellectual receptions of liberal subject formation.
Abolition and Activism: The Present Uses of Literary Criticism
Authors: Dawes James 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between literary critical practice and human rights, and describes the present uses of literary criticism. It analyzes an example of abolitionism and activism as it was conceived and practiced by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Frederick Douglass, and William Lloyd Garrison. The article evaluates how our understanding of texts and issues today can be informed by our analysis and understanding of the myths and metaphors of who we are that we have inherited from earlier literatures and movements.
Conscious and Unconscious Awareness in Learning and Performance
Authors: Masters Rich 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWilliam James stated that “every hour we make theoretic judgments and emotional reactions, and exhibit practical tendencies, for which we can give no explicit logical justification, but which are good inferences from certain premises. We know more than we can say. Our conclusions run ahead of our power to analyze their grounds” (1890, p. 168). The boundary between what is conscious and what is not conscious is often blurred, clouded by doubt. Never is this more obvious than in sport, where we learn to move and make decisions in the blink of an eye, often with little idea of whether we were even in control of what just happened. The aim of this chapter is to provide insight into the role of human consciousness in learning and performance in sport by synthesizing and contextualizing some of the relevant views of consciousness held by philosophers, psychologists, computer scientists, and neuroscientists over the years.
Teamwork and Performance
Authors: Carron Albert V. , Martin Luc J. , Loughead Todd M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the nature of teamwork as perceived from the perspective of sport, industrial, and military psychology. First, commonly held definitions for a team in each of these three areas are introduced. This is followed by a discussion of how teamwork is conceptualized. Important correlates of teamwork and performance have been identified within the three areas, including cooperation, role relationships, leadership, and cohesion. We provide a framework to facilitate our discussion of these correlates. Then, research carried out in sport, industry, and the military pertaining to each correlate is reviewed. Because of the perceived importance of teamwork, numerous team building interventions have been undertaken to enhance it. The types of interventions and their relative effectiveness are outlined. Finally, future directions are proposed.
Relationships and Sport and Performance
Authors: Carr Sam 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHuman relationships play a fundamental role in shaping our psychological experiences. In sport and performance, researchers are beginning to recognize the significance of relationships with regards to the development of an array of contextual psychological responses, and it is becoming clear that the study of relationships in the context of human performance is worthy of attention. In this chapter, I briefly review the sport and performance literature that has explored athlete and performer relationships with peers, coaches, parents, and sport psychologists; and offer some conceptual pathways that can serve to further develop this important research area as it unfolds in sport and performance psychology. Specifically, I forward sets of ideas from attachment theory, transference, and actor–partner models as particularly useful frameworks within which to examine the sport relationship literature and attempt to illustrate where I see these ideas directing the sport and performance domains.
Counseling Performers in Distress
Authors: Moore Zella E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCounseling performers in distress is a highly gratifying yet complex professional endeavor that requires the practitioner to be flexible, self-aware, and committed to engaging in evidence-based practice regularly guided by the ever-evolving scientific literature. Performers come to the attention of sport/performance psychologists with an array of personal needs and levels of psychological distress. To effectively meet their needs, practitioners must have a conceptual understanding of the construct of distress, be able to assess distress along the continuum of severity, determine appropriate targets of intervention, and choose an efficacious intervention that remediates subclinical or clinical concerns while promoting psychological health and well-being. This chapter therefore provides a conceptual and practical understanding of the nonclinical, subclinical, and clinical needs of performers; describes an evidence-based approach to assessment and treatment; and highlights how setting, counselor, client, and cultural variables can affect the counseling process.
Burnout: A Darker Side to Performance
Authors: Goodger Kate I. , Jones Martin I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe struggle of the human spirit to fulfil potential and accomplish excellence in the competitive and challenging environments of high performance is at the heart of sport and performance psychology. However, a lurking negative consequence of an individual's effortful striving is the possibility of burnout. The concept originated in the health care domain as a syndrome that scholars and practitioners believe results from chronic exposure to stress. It is characterized by three key dimensions: exhaustion, inefficacy, and cynicism. Since its inception, the concept of burnout has been transposed across a range of social contexts, with a growing literature that has examined burnout specifically among athletes and coaches. This chapter seeks to compare the sport psychology and professional burnout literatures to provide an overview of how to recognize, avoid, and reduce and remove burnout. Burnout intervention approaches have shifted from mitigating burnout to enhancing “engagement,” which is its conceptual opposite (i.e., energy, efficacy, and involvement). Consequently, the concept of engagement is explored and proposed as an important intervention strategy to consider for those working with performers across domains. The chapter concludes with a summary and look at future directions in this field.
Injury and Performance
Authors: Heil John , Podlog Leslie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInjury is a disruptive event in the life of the dedicated recreational athlete and the elite performer alike. Crucial to the success of injury management is an understanding of the role of psychosocial factors in injury. This chapter reviews the psychology of sport injury literature with the aim of informing intervention efforts among key service providers. The literature review presents models that have provided the framework for research and intervention, reviews scholarship pertaining to a broad range of injury (musculoskeletal injuries, head injury and concussion, catastrophic and fatal injury), illuminates the sporting subcultures in which injuries occur and are managed, and offers suggestions for future scholarship with attention to implications for applied practitioners. Although written explicitly for the psychologist, the roles of others who influence the psychology of injury, including the physician and sports medicine therapist, the coach, and athlete, are highlighted.
The Performance Coach
Authors: Collins Dave , Kamin Sara 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe performance coach (PC) is an increasingly ubiquitous feature of many performance environments. Often seen as having its genesis in the sport environment, this performance emphasis for PCs stands interestingly at odds with a groundswell of opinion against such a sole focus for sport practitioners. This chapter considers this tension, together with the objectives underpinning knowledge and modus operandi that can represent good practice in PCing. Through this means, we offer a position statement on the PC field, examining concerns and highlighting issues for its future progression.
The Selection Interview from the Interviewer and Applicant Perspectives: Can't Have One without the Other
Authors: Dipboye Robert L. , Macan Therese , Shahani-Denning Comila 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter reviews the research on the most frequently used of all instruments of employee selection: the interview. When considered as a means of assessing applicant job qualifications, the interview is typically discussed from the interviewer's perspective. We propose in the present chapter that the quality of the interview as a tool of assessment depends on taking into consideration both the interviewer and the applicant perspective. Interviewers attempt to gather information on applicants and select among them. Although it is apparent that structuring the process improves the reliability and validity of their assessments, interviewers must balance the goal of selection with other goals such as recruitment. On the other hand, applicants manage impressions, gather information, and judge the position and the work environment. We discuss the alternative objectives that both interviewer and applicant bring to the interview and how these objectives can clash. We conclude by considering strategies for improving the interview as a means of assessment by dealing with tensions that can exist between and within interviewer and applicant.
Predictive Bias in Work and Educational Settings
Authors: Kuncel Nathan R. , Klieger David M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter we review the research and concept of predictive bias, present a new theory of when and how predictive bias will occur, and create a list of methodological and substantive confounds that complicate research on predictive bias. We note that educational and organizational researchers have often used different methods to operationalize the same concept in academic and work settings, respectively. We review these approaches and recommend a modified method based on the examination of regression plots and residuals. A new theory is presented that addresses how and when predictive bias would occur using the existing definition (i.e., the Cleary Model). Theoretically, we suggest that a performance determinants framework provides a good foundation for understanding how and when predictive bias can occur. We illustrate key concepts in our theory using existing research. We suggest that the nature of predictive bias is dependent on the reason a predictor is correlated with subsequent performance. We then use this theory to guide a review of previous research testing for the presence of predictive bias across a range of personnel selection and academic admissions tools. Although much of the literature indicates that professional selection tools are unbiased for native speakers of English in the U.S., the most troubling finding is the scarcity of information for many of the most popular selection and admissions tools.
Occupational Safety
Authors: Wallace J. Craig , Paul Jeffrey B. , Landis Ronald S. , Vodanovich Stephen J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSafety is a growing area of study for organizational scholars and is increasingly becoming more paramount for organizations. In this chapter we present a broad review of occupational safety with particular attention paid to identifying characteristics of individual employees and contextual features that predict safety. This review culminates by proposing that scholars and practitioners need to focus on both the individual employee and the contextual environment in which he or she works to create an overall safety-conscious workforce.
Multilevel Selection and the Paradox of Sustained Competitive Advantage
Authors: Ployhart Robert E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe paradox of sustained competitive advantage suggests that individual knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics may be related to individual job performance, but fail to contribute to a firm's sustained competitive advantage. Much of the cause of this paradox can be attributed to a lack of theory and research linking microtraditions and macrotraditions. This chapter considers the nature of this paradox, identifying how and why it exists, and presents a multilevel model of personnel selection as one means for reconciling it. Empirical research relating to the model is presented, and the implications of this model for future research and practice are discussed.
“Retooling” Evidence-Based Staffing:Extending the Validation Paradigm Using Management Mental Models
Authors: Boudreau John W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter examines possible opportunities to enhance the capacity of decision makers to take account of evidence. It focuses on one of the most typical sources of evidence—the test-validation paradigm that underpins much staffing research—indicating several directions in which to extend the paradigm to more clearly inform decisions that depend on validation evidence. The chapter takes as its departure the need to know more about the mental models with which leaders, managers, and employees may approach the staffing process and decisions. In particular, it shows that staffing decisions bear a striking similarity to several logical frameworks that are already well-accepted by organizational leaders (performance tolerances, supply-chain, and portfolio theory). Portraying the validation paradigm through these lenses reveals potential explanations for decision makers’ failure to adopt options supported by validation evidence, ways to extend the validation paradigm to better account for situational realities, and thus ways to potentially enhance decision-maker understanding and use of validation evidence. “Retooling” the validation paradigm within such frameworks may provide valuable avenues to bridge the gap between validation evidence and staffing decisions, create more accessible staffing mental models for organization leaders, uncover fruitful new research questions, and better articulate the role and value of validation evidence.
Environmental Attitudes
Authors: Gifford Robert , Sussman Reuven 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEnvironmental attitudes are important because they often, but not always, determine behavior that either increases or decreases environmental quality. Traditionally, attitudes have cognitive, affective, and conative elements, but environmental attitudes might be better described as having preservation and utilization dimensions. Pro-environmental attitudes rise and fall with current events and vary with age, gender, socioeconomic status, nation, urban-rural residence, religion, politics, values, personality, experience, education, and environmental knowledge. Environmental education aims to improve environmental attitudes but has mixed results. The mass media have been both helpful and harmful. Two prominent theories for explaining environmental attitude-behavior relations are the theory of planned behavior and value-beliefs-norm theory, which offer the benefit of parsimony and the shortcoming of incompleteness. Researchers have, for example, suggested additions to the theory of planned behavior, noting that pro-environmental behaviors vary in their effort to complete, which influences the attitude-behavior relation, and that many barriers to behavior change exist.
Children and Nature
Authors: Myers Olin Eugene 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter summarizes current knowledge about children’s relationships to nature. While nature has always been part of childhood, concern about whether it will retain its traditional roles has risen apace with reduced exposure to it in the West. The chapter first examines Western cultural associations between children and nature, then presents contemporary psychological theories and methods used in this field. Key themes from research include that children are losing access to nature and inhabiting it less; that play in nature is varied and shows developmental patterns; that nature provides both powerful positive and negative emotional experiences; and that children are cognitively equipped to understand the living world. Technological simulations of nature may not provide all that real nature provides. This may include a wide range of physical and psychological benefits that are increasingly recognized.
Cities
Authors: Moser Gabriel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter considers urban territory as a place where more than half of the world population lives. After an objective description of the perceptions and images associated with a city, the physical and social environmental urban conditions are reviewed and their impact on the behavior and sociability of city dwellers is analyzed. City dwellers have been observed to have specific adaptive behavior patterns and sociability within the constraints imposed by urban stress and the bad conditions of urban life. Current city developments and especially the growing disparity within the population raises the question of the appropriation of the overall urban infrastructure and of a way of living together in cooperative harmony from the standpoint of an urban citizenship, indispensable for the sustained development of the megapoles of today.
School Environments
Authors: Sanoff Henry , Walden Rotraut 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEducation reform has focused primarily on teaching methods and course content. As a result instructional materials have been updated and instructional methods improved. However, what has received too little attention is the physical environment in which education occurs. Highly qualified teachers do not want to work in outdated, unattractive facilities. Parents are much more discerning about which school their child will attend, including the physical appearance of the school and modern technology available. School systems have discovered that schools with “sick” internal physical environments have an adverse effect on student learning and teacher performance. There are a growing number of studies linking student outcomes whose physical environments support the educational process.
Extreme and Unusual Environments: Challenges and Responses
Authors: Suedfeld Peter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExtreme environments pose serious danger to human well-being and even survival, an effect that can be exacerbated if the environment is novel (unusual) either to the individual or compared with “normal” environments. In many cases, such environments are deliberately sought out; in others, the individual chooses to encounter situations that have a probability of turning dangerous; in yet others, the extreme environment is entered accidentally or as the result of natural or anthropogenic disaster. For well over a century, the psychological literature has focused on the adverse characteristics and effects of such experiences, but in recent decades observers and researchers have come to be more appreciative of human resilience and coping, and of the positive aspects and consequences of extreme environments.
Noise
Authors: Stansfeld Stephen A. , Clark Charlotte , Crombie Rosanna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNoise exposure from air, road and rail transport, construction, and industry is a pervasive environmental pollutant. Noise causes annoyance and sleep disturbance and may interfere with cognitive performance in both children and adults. Generally the stress hypothesis is believed to underlie noise effects on health. Evidence for effects of noise on mental health is mixed. Noise exposure is associated with increased report of psychological symptoms, especially anxiety symptoms, increased prescription of minor tranquilizers and hypnotics, and impairment of well-being in both adults and children. On the other hand, community studies have generally not found increased rates of common mental disorders related to noise exposure. There is a need for methodologically stronger longitudinal studies to definitively address whether noise has more serious mental health effects.
Environmental Injustice, Collaborative Action, and the Inclusionary Shift
Authors: Opotow Susan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPsychologists’ environmental work fosters protection of the natural world (e.g., forests, animals, ecosystems) and opposes environmental degradation. Utilizing research on seven activist environmental collaboratives that addressed long-standing environmental and health challenges, this chapter examines moral exclusion in environmental degradation that has disproportionately burdened low-income communities of color for many decades. Research on these projects identifies strategies, activities, and successes of environmental justice collaborations can effect a shift from moral exclusion to moral inclusion. A study of their work, which includes education, research, and outreach, offers a nuanced and activity-based understanding of processes that can foster moral inclusion.
Healthy Physical Activity and Eating: Environmental Supports for Health
Authors: Brown Barbara B. , Werner Carol M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter addresses how objectively rated macro- and micro-level features of the physical environment and residents’ perceptions of the environment support healthy physical activity and eating; these choices in turn relate to environmental health. Environmental qualities such as density, diversity of destinations, and pedestrian-friendly design relate to walking and other activities at both macro- and micro-levels. Perceived walkability sometimes relates to objectively assessed measures but often predicts activity independently as well. Macro environmental factors, such as agricultural practices and food store locations, have important relationships to food availability. Microlevel cues, such as the size of food containers, affect food consumption, often without awareness. Both multiple levels of support and multiple benefits are keys to enabling the macro, micro, and perceptual environments to work in concert to support health. Understanding such systems requires multidisciplinary teams and diverse methodologies. Research is needed at key turning points in life, such as relocation, to make healthier choices easy ones.
The Natural Environment in Residential Settings: Influences on Human Health and Function
Authors: Wells Nancy M. , Rollings Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter examines the influences of the natural environment on human health, function, and well-being. We focus primarily on the effects of nature within a residential context and consider a range of outcome variables including physical health and physiological stress; cognitive functioning; psychological or mental health; social interaction; and physical activity and obesity. We consider evidence related to adults as well as youth. Following a review of the evidence, we offer a brief methodological critique and suggest directions for future research.