bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of polyurethane with novel blocking agent
Authors: Chen Lijun , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Fluorinated polyurethane combines some virtues of polyurethane and fluorinated polymer, such as low water absorption, attractive surface properties, good wearability and high weatherability. Fluorocarbon chains have been incorporated into polyurethanes by fluorinated diisocyanates, chain extenders, polyether glycols, polyester glycols and end-cappers. However, the fluorinated polyurethane, which is prepared with monohydric fluorocarbon alcohol, is seldom reported. The purpose of this research is to prepare and apply the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain to modify polyurethane as the blocking agent.

Design/methodology/approach
– The novel fluorocarbon alcohol with side chain 2-methoxy-3-nonene perfluorinated oxygen propanol (MNPOP) can be prepared via alcoholysis reaction of methanol and 2,3-epoxypropyl perfluorinated nonene ether (EPPNE), which was prepared with etherification of hexafluoropropene trimer (HFPT) and 2,3-glycidol. Structures of EPPNE and MNPOP are confirmed with FTIR and NMR. The polyurethane can be modified when MNPOP is used as blocking agent.

Findings
– In comparison with the conventional polyurethane, the hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved. However, the increase of tensile strength of modified polyurethane is not obvious because MNPOP belongs to monohydric alcohol. And the function of MNPOP in the modified polyurethane is the blocking agent. The thermal stability of conventional and modified polyurethane is almost the same because MNPOP is de-blocked and fluorocarbon chains have not been incorporated into polyurethanes when the temperature is more than 150°C.

Originality/value
– The polyurethane is modified with the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain, which functions as the blocking agent. The hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved.
Preparation of thermal transfer ink using disperse fluorescent yellow 82 for polyester substrates
Authors: Xiu Yufei , Shen Qiankun , Fan Fei , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– A disperse fluorescent yellow paste was mixed with a dispersant naphthalene sulfonic derivative via wet grinding process to prepare thermal transfer ink with good fluorescence. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The surface tension, viscosity, pH value, zeta potential, stability and the morphology of ink samples were tested after the storing process.

Findings
– The morphology of paste was homogeneous nearly spherical nanoparticles and the particle size was about 100 nm from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which was similar to the average particle size obtained from the particle size analyser.

Research limitations/implications
– The paste particle size was 126.8 nm after storing at 50°C for one week. The addition of diethylene glycol was conducive to high fluorescent reflectivity and gave good line image quality both in warp and weft directions due to the low viscosity. Inkjet printed polyester fabrics achieved excellent rubbing, laundering and thermal subliming fastnesses.

Originality/value
– The polyester fabrics thermal transferred with the ink contained diethylene glycol represented higher fluorescent reflectivity and gave better line image quality both in warp and weft directions. The inkjet printed polyester fabrics showed excellent colour reproducibility and all the fastnesses, including rubbing, laundering and thermal subliming, were higher than Grade 4.
‘Auto‐supercharge’ of the anterolateral thigh flap during the reconstruction of lower extremity defects: A turbocharge technique for flow‐through flaps
Authors: Yildiz Kemalettin , Duygu Cetin , Akkus Ali M. , Karaaltin Mehmet V. , Kayan Resit B. , Guneren Ethem 
Published: February 2014

AimThe anterolateral thigh flap is a workhorse perforator flap option that can be used as a flow‐through flap in the reconstruction of defects with vascular insufficiency. In the present study, the flow‐through concept was introduced in terms of preserving blood inflow of the flap and establishing blood flow to the distal portion of the flap as a supercharge technique.Patients and MethodsA 43‐year‐old male patient suffered from a diabetic foot. After precise wound debridements and infection control, free anterolateral thigh flap was planned for reconstruction. There were two perforators: one musculocutaneous perforator based on the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) entering proximally into the flap, and the second a septocutaneous perforator based on the deep femoral artery branch that perfuses the distal aspect of the flap. We observed that the distal portion of flap became compromised when we clamped the second perforator. Therefore, the second perforator was divided from the deep femoral truncus, traced to the distal end of the LCFA and anastomosed to it in an end‐to‐end fashion. Thus, an auto‐supercharge procedure was performed.ResultsWound healing was uneventful. There was no total or partial flap necrosis at the 12‐month follow up.ConclusionAuto‐supercharging augments the flap circulation and relieves flap congestion. Thus, it expands the indications for flow‐through flaps in revascularisation and flap salvage.
Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid may play a role in a subset of sudden infant death syndrome cases
Authors: Läer K , Vennemann M , Rothämel T , Klintschar M 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimIt has been suggested that progressive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion could play a key role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Because mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) codes for a subset of essential genes for oxidative phosphorylation, we investigated 22 mtDNA polymorphisms in a large sample of Caucasian SIDS cases.MethodsA total of 774 samples were analysed, 365 from infant SIDS cases (mean age 131 days) and 409 from controls. These were investigated for the presence of 22 haplogroup‐specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using a SNaPshot assay, a mini‐sequencing assay that combines polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.ResultsNo significant differences in assigned haplogroups could be detected between the groups. With regard to gender and age, we found significant correlations for SNP positions 3010, 8251, 13 708, 14 470, 15 904 and 16 519. The most prominent result was the A allele in SNP 14 470 in male SIDS cases (p = 0.01).ConclusionThis is the largest study on mtDNA polymorphisms in SIDS to date, and our results indicate that mtDNA may play a role in a subset of SIDS cases. In order to complement these significant results, it is important to consider nuclear gene coding for mitochondrial proteins in future studies.
Anxiety and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in patients undergoing active surveillance of prostate cancer in an Australian centre
Authors: Wilcox Chloe B. , Gilbourd Daniel , Louie‐Johnsun Mark 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo assess anxiety, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and understanding of active surveillance (AS) in a cohort of patients enrolled in AS of prostate cancer in an Australian setting.Patients and MethodsSurvey of 61 men currently enrolled in AS for prostate cancer, which included validated measures of sexual function using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5), voiding using the International Prostate Symptom Severity Score (IPSS) and the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX‐PC), a measure of prostate cancer specific anxiety.Three novel questions to assess patients' Understanding of AS (UAS).IIEF‐5 and IPSS scores obtained through the present survey were compared with patients' scores at initiation of AS.ResultsIn all, 47 of 61 (77%) patients responded to the survey.There was no significant difference in patients' IIEF‐5 and IPSS scores at commencement of AS compared with the survey results.Our patients' on AS MAX‐PC scores were consistent with other published cohorts and did not suggest high rates of clinically significant anxiety amongst this cohort.Most (89%) of the patients' responses to the UAS indicated a correct understanding of AS.ConclusionOur patients on AS maintained their HRQL with low levels of anxiety, which did not differ from those reported in other groups of men with prostate cancer and most had an appropriate understanding of AS.This study represents one of the first Australasian investigations on HRQL and anxiety in men on AS of prostate cancer.
Ertapenem prophylaxis reduces sepsis after transrectal biopsy of the prostate
Authors: Losco Giovanni , Studd Rod , Blackmore Timothy 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo prospectively trial ertapenem prophylaxis in patients with known risk factors of sepsis undergoing transrectal biopsy of the prostate.Patients and MethodsIn this prospective audit, patients were identified as having a low‐ or high‐risk of sepsis based on a questionnaire about established risk factors: previous biopsy; recurrent urine infections; receiving ciprofloxacin in the 12 months prior; travel to South‐East Asia or South America in the previous 6 months; or diabetes, immune system impairment or receipt of immunosuppressant drugs.All received ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin‐clavulanate and high‐risk patients additionally received ertapenem.Sepsis requiring hospital admission was recorded.Data was analysed using a two‐tailed Fisher's exact test.ResultsIn all, 80 men were identified as high risk of sepsis and 90 as low risk during the audit period.Six patients in the low‐risk group (6.7%, 95% confidence interval 2.1–11.3) and none in the high‐risk group developed sepsis (P = 0.03).Of the six developing sepsis, two grew ciprofloxacin‐resistant organisms, two had no growth and two grew a ciprofloxacin‐sensitive organism, although one of these grew extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli.ConclusionThe addition of ertapenem to standard prophylaxis is effective at reducing sepsis after prostate biopsy.Risk stratification is not effective at identifying those men at low risk of sepsis, as these men still have a high sepsis rate.Ertapenem prophylaxis for all patients undergoing prostate biopsy is likely to be the most effective strategy in our population group.
A Phase III trial to investigate the timing of radiotherapy for prostate cancer with high‐risk features: background and rationale of the Radiotherapy – Adjuvant Versus Early Salvage (RAVES) trial
Authors: Pearse Maria , Fraser‐Browne Carol , Davis Ian D. , Duchesne Gillian M. , Fisher Richard , Frydenberg Mark , Haworth Annette , Jose Chakiath , Joseph David J. , Lim Tee S. , Matthews John , Millar Jeremy , Sidhom Mark , Spry Nigel A. , Tang Colin I. , Turner Sandra , Williams Scott G. , Wiltshire Kirsty , Woo Henry H. , Kneebone Andrew 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that observation with early salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is not inferior to ‘standard’ treatment with adjuvant RT (ART) with respect to biochemical failure in patients with pT3 disease and/or positive surgical margins (SMs) after radical prostatectomy (RP).To compare the following secondary endpoints between the two arms: patient‐reported outcomes, adverse events, biochemical failure‐free survival, overall survival, disease‐specific survival, time to distant failure, time to local failure, cost utility analysis, quality adjusted life years and time to androgen deprivation.Patients and MethodsThe Radiotherapy – Adjuvant Versus Early Salvage (RAVES) trial is a phase III multicentre randomised controlled trial led by the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG), in collaboration with the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ), and the Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP).In all, 470 patients are planned to be randomised 1:1 to either ART commenced at ≤4 months of RP (standard of care) or close observation with early SRT triggered by a PSA level of >0.20 ng/mL (experimental arm).Eligible patients have had a RP for adenocarcinoma of the prostate with at least one of the following risk factors: positive SMs ± extraprostatic extension ± seminal vesicle involvement. The postoperative PSA level must be ≤0.10 ng/mL.Rigorous investigator credentialing and a quality assurance programme are designed to promote consistent RT delivery among patients.ResultsTrial is currently underway, with 258 patients randomised as of 31 October 2013.International collaborations have developed, including a planned meta‐analysis to be undertaken with the UK Medical Research Council/National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group RADICALS (Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation In Combination with Local Surgery) trial and an innovative psycho‐oncology sub‐study to investigate a patient decision aid resource.ConclusionOn the current evidence available, it remains unclear if ART is equivalent or superior to observation with early SRT.
Warfarin dosing after bariatric surgery: a retrospective study of 10 patients previously stable on chronic warfarin therapy
Authors: Schullo‐Feulner A. M. , Stoecker Z. , Brown G. A. , Schneider J. , Jones T. A. , Burnett B. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryMany changes associated with bariatric surgery have the potential to affect warfarin dosing; yet current literature includes little data describing this phenomenon. Investigating this relationship may allow for determination of post‐bariatric surgery warfarin dosing using stable pre‐operative dosing levels. A retrospective chart review was completed for 10 patients stabilized on chronic warfarin therapy who underwent bariatric surgery. Data collection consisted of the following: warfarin requirement in mg/week, time in target range (TTR), creatinine, liver function, diarrhoea, medication changes, diet, and signs of bleeding and/or thrombosis. Three study patients underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding procedures and seven patients underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass. The average (standard deviation) weekly warfarin dose required in the immediate post‐operative interval was 64% (25%) of baseline dosing, corresponding to a TTR of 48%. At 6 months, patients required 85% (19%) of baseline weekly dosing, with TTR of 53.4%. At 1 year, dosing was 90% (16%) of baseline with TTR of 63.5%. Patients underwent medication changes as well as transient bouts of diarrhoea. Two patients suffered unspecified haemorrhages of the gastrointestinal tract (international normalized ratio [INR] = 2.3 and 9.8). This patient set demonstrated an initial drop in warfarin requirement, followed by escalating dosing trends that became more predictable as patients were farther out from procedure.
The clinical utility of Memorial Symptom Assessment‐Short Form and Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale in Turkish lung cancer patients
Authors: Yüceege Melike , Sanisoğlu Berrin , Fırat Hikmet , Ersoy Yeşim , Sevgi Emine , Kurt Emine B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionSymptom assessment is essential in the palliative care of patients with cancer. We studied the Memorial Assessment Scale Test‐Short Form (MSAS‐SF) and Condensed Memorial Assessment Test (CMSAS) in Turkish lung cancer patients.Material and MethodFifty‐one patients with lung cancer (47 non‐small, 4 small cell) were staged according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 2007 and filled the MSAS‐SF. Karnofsky performance status, TNM staging, MSAS‐SF and CMSAS scores were recorded. The study was approved by the local research ethics committee.ResultsThe mean age of 51 patients was 61.7 ± 9. Fifty‐one percent were staged as M1 while 49% were staged as M0. The mean values for global distress index, PHYS (physical symptom distress), PSYCH (psychological symptom score) and MSAS‐SUM were 1.15 ± 0.8, 0.9 ± 0.8, 1.13 ± 1.03 and 0.82 ± 0.47 in order. The mean values for CPHYS (physical symptom distress for Condensed MSAS), CPSYCH (psychological symptom score for CMSAS) and CSUM (sum scores) were 1.2 ± 0.75, 1.22 ± 1.1 and 1.16 ± 0.69 in order. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for MSAS‐SF and CMSAS were 0.861 and 0.728 in order. Summary scores for both MSAS‐SF and CMSAS‐SF were significantly higher in patients with M1 disease than from M0 disease. In addition, PHYS and MSAS‐SUM in MSAS‐SF were significantly correlated with T and N stage. The area under curve for MSAS‐SF and CMSAS were 0.793 and 0.70 in order.ConclusionMSAS‐SF and CMSAS demonstrated significantly higher scores in lung cancer patients with M1 disease than patients with M0 disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of MSAS‐SF and CMSAS in lung cancer patients.
MALDI Imaging of predictive ferritin, fibrinogen and proteases in haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Kriegsmann M. , Casadonte R. , Randau T. , Gravius S. , Pennekamp P. , Strauss A. , Oldenburg J. , Wieczorek K. , Deininger S.‐O. , Otto M. , Kriegsmann J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractArthropathy as a result of repeated joint bleeding is a severe complication in patients with haemophilia. In the evaluation of synovial tissue specimens, histology alone is non‐specific and there is considerable morphological overlap with other joint diseases. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens are available in pathological institutes and can be studied to understand the pathogenesis of haemophilic arthropathy. A powerful technique to identify hundreds of proteins in a tissue section combining proteomics with morphology is imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). We determined whether matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) IMS can be used to identify and map protein signatures in the synovial tissue of patients with haemophilic arthropathy. MALDI IMS was applied to synovial tissue of six patients with haemophilic arthropathy. We detected several peaks predictive in mass with ferritin light (m/z 1608) and heavy chain (m/z 1345), alpha‐ (m/z 1071) and beta (m/z 1274) haemoglobin subunits, truncated coagulation factor VIII peptide (m/z 1502, 1176), beta‐ and gamma fibrinogen peptides (m/z 980, 1032, 1117 and 1683), and annexin A2 (m/z 1111, 1268, 1460, 2164). In addition, the distribution of these proteins in synovial tissue sections was demonstrated. MALDI IMS identified and mapped specific proteins in the synovial membrane of patients with haemophilic arthropathy known to be involved in the pathogenesis of other joint diseases. This technique is a powerful tool to analyse the distribution of proteins in synovial tissue sections.
Will the introduction of non‐invasive prenatal testing for Down's syndrome undermine informed choice?
Authors: Silcock Caroline , Liao Lih‐Mei , Hill Melissa , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the introduction of non‐invasive pre‐natal testing for Down's syndrome (DS) has the potential to undermine informed choice.ParticipantsThree hundred and ninety‐three health professionals; 523 pregnant women.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire study across nine maternity units and three conferences in the UK designed to assess opinions regarding test delivery and how information should be communicated to women when offered Down's syndrome screening (DSS) or diagnosis using invasive (IDT) or non‐invasive testing (NIPT).ResultsBoth pregnant women and health professionals in the NIPT and DSS groups were less likely than the IDT group to consider that testing should take place at a return visit or that obtaining written consent was necessary, and more likely to think testing should be carried out routinely. Compared to health professionals, pregnant women expressed a stronger preference for testing to occur on the same day as pre‐test counselling (P = 0.000) and for invasive testing to be offered routinely (P = 0.000). They were also more likely to indicate written consent as necessary for DSS (P = 0.000) and NIPT (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHealth professionals and pregnant women view the consenting process differently across antenatal test types. These differences suggest that informed choice may be undermined with the introduction of NIPT for DS into clinical practice. To maintain high standards of care, effective professional training programmes and practice guidelines are needed which prioritize informed consent and take into account the views and needs of service users.
Understanding the Crisis in Somalia
Authors: Zeid Alaa Abou , Cochran James J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The people of Somalia are suffering. The numbers are huge, but there is little real data. Even what little there is, painfully and dangerously gathered, points to where the most urgent needs may be. Alaa Abou Zeid and James J. Cochran look at the statistics of a disaster.
Counting Trees, Carbon and Climate Change
Authors: Mackey Brendan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Trees absorb carbon. Planting more trees will absorb more carbon from the atmosphere, and soak up the man-made emissions that are causing climate change. It is a simple, easy and attractive solution that would allow us to continue our high-emission business as usual and still stave off global warming. Brendan Mackey examines whether or not it would work.
Terrorist threat and employees' perceived ability to cope with organizational change
Authors: Kastenmüller Andreas , Aydin Nilüfer , Frey Dieter , Traut‐Mattausch Eva , Peus Claudia , Fischer Peter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of the perceived threat of terrorism on employees' ability to cope with organizational change as well as potentially underlying psychological mechanisms related to work satisfaction and initiative. Three days after the 2006 thwarted terrorist attacks in the United Kingdom, participants were reminded of terrorist threat (by pictures of terrorist attacks) reported lower levels in their ability to cope with organizational change, as well as lower levels of work satisfaction, than did participants who were not reminded of terrorist threat. Three months later, the same terror salience manipulation had no differential effect on these variables. Mediation analyses revealed that work satisfaction mediated the impact of terror salience on employees' ability to cope with organizational change.
Management of chronic hepatitis B in children: An unresolved issue
Authors: Della Corte Claudia , Nobili Valerio , Comparcola Donatella , Cainelli Francesca , Vento Sandro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough a rather benign course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during childhood has been described, 3–5% and 0.01–0.03% of chronic carriers develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma before adulthood. Considering the whole lifetime, the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma rises to 9–24% and the incidence of cirrhosis to 2–3% per year. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge regarding the natural history and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children and to focus on critical aspects and unresolved questions in the management of childhood HBV infection. A literature search was carried out on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science for articles published in English in peer‐reviewed journals from January 1980 to February 2013. The search terms used included “Hepatitis B virus infection,” “children,” “HBV,” “interferon,” “lamivudine,” “adefovir,” “entecavir,” and “tenofovir.” Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in the articles retrieved were reviewed. The current goals of therapy are to suppress viral replication, reduce liver inflammation, and reverse liver fibrosis. Therapeutic options for children are currently limited, and the risk for viral resistance to current and future therapies is a particular concern. Based on the data available at this time, it is the consensus of the panel that it is not appropriate to treat children in the immune‐tolerant phase or in the inactive carrier state. For children in the immune‐active or reactivation phases, liver histology can help guide treatment decisions. Outside of clinical trials, interferon is the agent of choice in most cases; currently, available nucleoside analogs are secondary therapies.