bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of lactate concentrations in canine synovial fluid
Authors: Vicente F. de. , Sheahan D. E. , Proot J. L. J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjective: To report synovial fluid lactate concentrations in normal and pathological canine joints.Study design: Controlled, prospective study.Methods: Lactate was measured in synovial fluid using a hand-held meter and the rest of the fluid was sent to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Samples were divided into four groups; group 1: control, group 2: osteoarthritis, group 3: immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis, and group 4: septic arthritis. Statistical analysis was performed to compare lactate concentrations between the four groups and to examine the predictive value of lactate in the diagnosis of septic arthritis. A correlation was sought between synovial fluid lactate and synovial fluid total nucleated cell count and total protein.Results: Seventy-four samples were investigated from 55 dogs. Statistical analysis found that lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the septic arthritis group than in each of the other three groups. No significant correlation could be found between synovial fluid lactate concentrations and synovial fluid total nucleated cell count or synovial fluid total protein. Lactate concentration was found to be a useful predictor of septic arthritis, with a low concentration pointing towards exclusion rather than a high concentration to the diagnosis of septic arthritis.Clinical significance: Synovial fluid lactate concentration is not a good marker for osteoarthritis or immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis, but it is significantly increased in septic arthritis and could help the clinician in ruling out this condition in a quick and cost-effective way.
Seasonal changes in physiological performance in wild Clarkia xantiana populations: Implications for the evolution of a compressed life cycle and self‐fertilization
Authors: Dudley Leah S. , Hove Alisa A. , Emms Simon K. , Verhoeven Amy S. , Mazer Susan J. 
Published: June 2015

• Premise of the study: One explanation for the evolution of selfing, the drought escape hypothesis, proposes that self‐fertilization may evolve under conditions of intensifying seasonal drought as part of a suite of traits that enable plants to accelerate the completion of their life cycle, thereby escaping late‐season drought. Here, we test two fundamental assumptions of this hypothesis in Clarkia xantiana: (1) that a seasonal decline in precipitation causes an increase in drought stress and (2) that this results in changes in physiological performance, reflecting these deteriorating conditions.• Methods: We examined seasonal and interannual variation in abiotic environmental conditions (estimated by ambient temperature, relative humidity, predawn leaf water potentials, and carbon isotope ratios) and physiological traits (photosynthesis, conductance, transpiration, instantaneous water‐use efficiency, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, quantum yield of photosystem II, PSII potential efficiency) in field populations of C. xantiana in 2009 and 2010.• Key results: In both years, plants experienced intensifying drought across the growing season. Gas exchange rates decreased over the growing season and were lower in 2009 (a relatively dry year) than in 2010, suggesting that the temporal changes from early to late spring were directly linked to the deteriorating environmental conditions.• Conclusions: Seasonal declines in transpiration rate may have increased survival by protecting plants from desiccation. Concomitant declines in photosynthetic rate likely reduced the availability of resources for seed production late in the season. Thus, the physiological patterns observed are consistent with the conditions required for the drought escape hypothesis.
Surgical Treatment of Residual Osgood-Schlatter Disease in Young Adults: Role of the Mobile Osseous Fragment
Authors: Nierenberg Gabriel , Falah Mazen , Keren Yaniv , Eidelman Mark 
Published: June 2015

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a well-known condition in late childhood characterized by pain over the tibial tubercle. This condition usually resolves spontaneously at skeletal maturity. Few patients develop pain over the tibial tubercle. Radiological examination demonstrates a round regular ossification over the tubercle. Treatment is usually symptomatic, but occasionally surgical treatment is necessary, usually due to the development of a painful ossicle.
This article reports our experience with refractory Osgood-Schlatter disease in 22 patients. Most patients were operated under local anesthesia. A midline longitudinal skin incision was used, followed by subperiosteal dissection of the osseous fragment. The knee was put in soft dressing. Patients were encouraged to resume daily activity immediately postoperatively. No wound complications were noted. All patients returned to their previous level of physical activity within 12 weeks postoperatively. All but 1 were free of pain on kneeling or direct pressure over the knee joint.
Based on our experience, we devised a treatment algorithm. We believe that the key factors for successful surgical treatment are clear visualization of separation on lateral knee radiographic view and a clinical mobility positive test (firm grasping of the prominent part of the tubercle and its sliding movement). Our results are uniformly good; the only failure related to mistaken inclusion criteria where the lateral radiograph did not show a distinctly separated fragment.
The Use of Near-Infrared Spectrometry for the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Bariteau Jason T. , Beutel Bryan G. , Kamal Robin , Hayda Roman , Born Christopher 
Published: June 2015

While intracompartmental pressure monitoring is a widely used diagnostic tool to measure intracompartmental pressures in the setting of compartment syndrome, its invasive nature has prompted the development of noninvasive techniques, such as near-infrared spectrometry. We prospectively assessed the association between tissue oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectrometry and compartment pressure measured by intracompartmental pressure monitoring in a cohort of patients with compartment syndrome of the lower extremity. We hypothesized that tissue oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectrometry would negatively correlate with intracompartmental pressures.
Tissue oxygen saturation was determined for all 4 compartments of the lower extremity in 7 patients using near-infrared spectrometry. All patients subsequently underwent lower-extremity fasciotomies. Mechanism of injury, compartment pressures, blood pressure, near-infrared spectrometry measurement of tissue oxygen saturation, and characteristics of the muscle at the time of fasciotomy were recorded. The strength of the correlations between tissue oxygen saturation and absolute and relative compartment pressures was estimated based on mixed linear (growth) models with repeated observations nested within patients.
Our analyses demonstrated no significant relationship between tissue oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectrometry and the absolute or relative compartment pressures. This suggests that compartment tissue oxygen saturation measurements by near-infrared spectrometry do not correlate with the diagnosis of compartment syndrome, and that near-infrared spectrometry would not serve as a reliable diagnostic tool.
Sesamoid Arthritis Mimicking Trigger Thumb
Authors: Kim Ji Yeong , Sung Jung Hwan , Seo Jeong Gook 
Published: June 2015

This article presents a case of undiagnosed sesamoid arthritis with coexisting trigger thumb. A 25-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of metacarpophalangeal joint pain and triggering of the thumb. She was a right-handed bank employee and recalled a trivial thumb sprain. The pain improved slightly while on medication, but the triggering recurred 1 month after the steroid injection. Six months after the first visit, she underwent A1 pulley release surgery for the triggering without a more detailed evaluation such as radiographs or sonographs. Intraoperatively, no definite abnormalities in the fibrous flexor sheath or flexor tendon were observed. The triggering resolved, but the pain persisted. One month postoperatively, a repeat physical examination was performed, and the painful region was localized to the radial sesamoid area. Radiography was then performed, which showed joint space narrowing of the sesamoid metacarpal head and sclerotic changes and spur formation on the metacarpal head. An additional diagnosis of sesamoid arthritis of the thumb was made and the pain finally resolved as a result of the sesamoidectomy.
Orthopedic surgeons often overlook pathologies around the metacarpophalangeal joint, especially those related to triggering. A high index of suspicion and clinical findings consistent with intermittent mechanical obstruction and tenderness in the palmar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint warrant inclusion of sesamoid arthritis as a differential diagnosis for metacarpophalangeal joint pathology. Detailed physical examinations should be performed and proper radiographs taken in all patients with tenderness in the metacarpophalangeal joint even if triggering of the thumb is present.
An Interprofessional Consensus of Core Competencies for Prelicensure Education in Pain Management: Curriculum Application for Nursing
Authors: Herr Keela , Marie Barbara St. , Gordon Debra B. , Paice Judith A. , Watt-Watson Judy , Stevens Bonnie J. , Bakerjian Debra , Young Heather M. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Ineffective assessment and management of pain is a significant problem. A gap in prelicensure health science program pain content has been identified for the improvement of pain care in the United States.

Method:
Through consensus processes, an expert panel of nurses, who participated in the interdisciplinary development of core competencies in pain management for prelicensure health professional education, developed recommendations to address the gap in nursing curricula.

Results:
Challenges and incentives for implementation of pain competencies in nursing education are discussed, and specific recommendations for how to incorporate the competencies into entry-level nursing curricula are provided.

Conclusion:

Embedding pain management core competencies into prelicensure nursing education is crucial to ensure that nurses have the essential knowledge and skills to effectively manage pain and to serve as a foundation on which clinical practice skills can be later honed. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(6):317–327.]
Analyse comparative des filières d'oxydation des boues de stations d'épuration urbaines
Authors: Sasse Henning , Karl Ute , Lonjaret Jean-Philippe , Zundel Thierry , Rentz Otto 
Published: June 2015

ln this paper different municipal sewage sludge oxidation technologies (mono-incineration and mono-gasification, co-incineration in hard coal-fired power plants, waste incineration and gasification plants, and cement furnaces, aqueous phase oxidation) are compared taking into account related atmospheric emissions, energy efficiency and costs. A global evaluation based on these criteria reveals that the co-incineration in hard coal fired power plants incorporates the highest energy efficiency and the lowest overall costs. Its main disadvantage in comparison to mono-incineration, mono-gasification, and co-incineration in municipal waste incineration plants refers to elevated mercury emissions related to the sludge input. The problem of elevated mercury emissions is even more serious in the case of co-incineration in cement furnaces. However, the installation of fabric filters downstream cement furnaces may reduce mercury emissions significantly.
Les filières d'oxydation des boues de stations d'épuration municipales sont évaluées en fonction de leurs émissions, leur bilan énergétique et leurs coûts. L'étude considère l'incinération et la gazéification dans des installations spécifiques, l'oxydation par voie humide et le co-traitement dans les centrales thermiques au charbon, les cimenteries et les unités d'incinération ou de gazéification d'ordures ménagères. On montre que la co-incinération dans les centrales thermiques au charbon présente le meilleur bilan énergétique et les coûts les plus bas. Cette filière génère cependant des émissions spécifiques de mercure relativement élevées par rapport à l'incinération ou la gazéification spécifique et à la co-incinération dans les UIOM. La problématique des émissions de mercure se pose encore avec plus d'acuité dans le cas de la co-incinération en cimenterie où les émissions peuvent cependant être réduites par la mise en place de filtres à manche.
Essai de compostage comme voie de valorisation des déchets ménagers solides dans la ville de Bukavu au sud-Kivu (RD Congo)
Authors: Bisimwa Kayeye Dieudonné , Masilya Mulungula Pascal , C Gisele Jung 
Published: June 2015

The identification of fly-tipping and the quantification of waste found conducted from 4th October 2010 in Bukavu town (DR Congo) for the waste recovery has shown an unequal distribution of waste fly-tipping according to the commune and a big heterogeneity of waste found ; unequal distribution and heterogeneity in relation with the number of residents of each quarter, the location of quarter due to down town and type of activities done in different quarters of different communes.The results of quantification of waste produced in Ibanda commune has shown that the average of 2.7 kg of waste are produced per day and per resident in this commune. And the composting proposed and checked within 8 weeks as mode of waste recovery of domestic solid waste majority biodegradable proven to be able to reduce 92.5 % of volume of waste produced in four weeks.
Un travail d’identification des décharges sauvages et d’évaluation de la nature des déchets rencontrés sur ces sites a été mené du 04 au 18 octobre 2010 dans la ville de Bukavu (RD Congo). Les résultats ont montré une répartition inégale des décharges selon les communes et une forte hétérogénéité des types de déchets rencontrés. Ces paramètres s’avèrent liés au nombre d’habitants de chaque quartier, à la localisation du quartier par rapport au centre-ville ainsi qu’à la nature des activités menées dans les différents quartiers des différentes communes. Au sein de la ville de Bukavu, les travaux complémentaires réalisés dans la commune d’Ibanda ont montré qu’en moyenne 2,7 kg de déchets sont produits par jour et par habitant dans cette commune. Compte tenu du taux élevé de matières organiques biodégradables de ces déchets ménagers solides, le compostage a été étudié comme mode de valorisation envisageable à l’aide d’une étude expérimentale de 8 semaines. Le traitement étudié s’est révélé capable de réduire 92,5 % de volume de déchets produits en quatre semaines.
Devenir des métaux lourds (cuivre et nickel) dans les décharges d'ordures ménagères
Authors: Lagier Thomas , Feuillade Geneviève , Matejka Guy 
Published: June 2015

This paper deals with main mechanisms which are likely to increase the solubility of heavy metal trapped under reduced forms (sulfur species) in landfills. Three mechanisms were studied under batch conditions: air induced sulfur species oxidation, complexation of metals to the soluble organic matter of leachate and pH range variation. The tests carried out in laboratory upon synthetic solid sulfur phases of iron and of two metals (nickel and copper) indicate that the latter behavior is very different. Copper, the solubility of which under reduced conditions is low, is solubilized only under complete oxidation conditions and at low pH. Nickel is solubilized as soon as oxidation starts and at pH close to neutral values. Oxidation influences these metal solubilization but acidification and complexation can also contribute to increase at a significant level these two metals solubilization. These results show that these mechanisms are likely to occur in long-term landfills or when rehabilitation operations are proceeded.
L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les processus susceptibles d'augmenter la solubilité des métaux lourds piégés sous des formes réduites dans les décharges d'ordures ménagères (en particulier formes sulfures). Trois mécanismes ont été étudiés en réacteur discontinu : l'oxydation des phases sulfures à l'air, la complexation de métaux à la matière organique soluble du lixiviat et le changement du pH du milieu. Les essais menés en laboratoire à partir de phases solides synthétiques de sulfures de fer et sur deux métaux (nickel et cuivre) indiquent que ces derniers se comportent de façon très différente. Le cuivre, très insoluble en milieu réduit, n'est solubilisé que pour une oxydation quasi complète du milieu et pour des pH bas. Le nickel se solubilise dès le début de l'oxydation du milieu et pour des pH proches de la neutralité. L'oxydation influence la solubilisation de ces métaux mais l'acidification du milieu comme la complexation peuvent également contribuer à augmenter de façon significative la solubilisation de ces deux métaux. Les résultats apportent des éclairages sur les mécanismes susceptibles de se produire dans des décharges à long terme ou au cours d'opérations de réhabilitation.
Développement d’outils d’évaluation du milieu récepteur pour l’industrie minière
Authors: Couillard Yves , Masson Stéphane , Hontela Alice , Pinel-Alloul Bernadette , Olsen Caroline , Martel Louis , Parent Lise , Campbell Peter G.C. 
Published: June 2015

From 2001 to 2004, we conducted a research project to develop tools for the ecological assessment of aquatic environments receiving mining effluents. These tools were designed to contribute to better define environmental discharge objectives for these types of effluents. Our project focused on two rivers in the Abitibi-James Bay mining region in northwestern Quebec. The most convincing results of our research include the development of a technique for the direct measurement of the free metal ion in solution (Cd, Ni, Zn); the validation of three organisms as biomonitors of trace metal contamination in lotic environments: the burrowing larvae of the Ephemera Hexagenia limbata, the amphipod crustacean Hyalella azteca, the bivalve Pyganodon grandis; and the identification of a laboratory toxicity test using the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as a metal-sensitive assay to test waters from the receiving environment.
De 2001 a 2004, nous avons mené un projet de recherche visant a développer et/ou à valider des outils de diagnostic des effets écotoxicologiques des effluents miniers dans le milieu aquatique afin de mieux définir des objectifs environnementaux de rejets pour l’industrie minière. Ce projet a été réalisé sur deux rivières de la région minière de l’Abitibi-Baie-James dans le nord-ouest du Québec. Parmi les outils diagnostiques les plus importants qui ont été développés et/ou validés, notons une technique de mesure directe de l’ion métallique libre en solution (Cd, Ni, Zn) ; l’utilisation de trois organismes comme biomoniteurs de contamination métallique en milieu lotique : la larve fouisseuse de l’éphémère Hexagenia limbata, le crustacé amphipode Hyalella azteca, le bivalve Pyganodon grandis ; et le test de toxicité en laboratoire, sur l’eau du milieu récepteur, avec la micro-algue Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.
Essais d’aptitude au traitement des sédiments de dragage marins en vue de leur valorisation en techniques routières
Authors: Maherzi Walid , Benzerzour Mahfoud , Ben Abdelghani Farouk 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, results for an European project called SETARMS which aims to find innovative and sustainable solutions for marine dredged sediments in order to reuse them in road construction. After a first stage of a geotechnical characterization of sediments according to the GTR, the GTS recommendations were adopted to treat sediments with hydraulic binders. Hence, a formulation composed of 3% of quicklime and 6% of cement was applied for height different sediments. Specific ability tests were conducted in order to measure volumetric swelling and indirect tensile strength. Obtained results show that even if raw sediments belong to the same GTR class (A1 or A2), the treated samples respond differently to the adopted treatment formulation. Results of mechanical performance with the cure age show that most sediments don’t reach the needed criteria for reuse as sub-grade layer.
Les résultats présentés dans cet article s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet de recherche Européen SETARMS dont l’un des objectifs consiste à trouver des solutions innovantes et durables pour la gestion des sédiments marins dragués en Manche (France-Angleterre) pour une application en techniques routières, plus particulièrement en couche de forme. Après une 1ère étape de caractérisation géotechnique des sédiments de dragage selon le GTR, les recommandations du GTS ont été utilisées pour le traitement des sédiments aux liants hydrauliques. Ainsi une formulation à 3 % de chaux et 6 % de ciment est appliquée à huit sédiments. Des essais d’aptitude au traitement comprenant des mesures de gonflements volumiques (Gv) et de résistances à la traction indirecte (Rit) ont été réalisés sur les huit sédiments traités en adoptant les normes standards en vigueur en France. Les résultats obtenus montrent que malgré une même origine des sédiments et des classes GTR assez proches (A1 et A2), les sédiments traités répondent différemment aux essais d’aptitude. Ces premiers résultats, utiles à l’avancement du projet, permettent une meilleure compréhension de la problématique de traitement des sédiments aux liants hydrauliques et leur valorisation en techniques routières.
Incinération des déchets: Essai relatif aux représentations mentales et sociales et à leurs origines
Authors: Bertolini Gérard 
Published: June 2015

The incineration of wastes (its past, present and future) is not only a matter of technological process, but also of psycho-sociological process, which includes the production of mental and social images. Some of them have deep roots. The image of fire is strongly, ambivalent, then the image of incineration is ambiguous. This characteristic is favourable to divergent views (the pros and the cons). In spite of technical progress, the pollutants remain the sign of the imcompletion of the “purification process” and the hydra of pollution has grown a new terrific face, that is to say the dioxins. A new “fire” invades the imagination and will be difficult to extinguish.
L'incinération des déchets (son passé, son présent et son avenir) ne renvoie pas seulement à des technologies, mais à des processus psycho-sociologiques et à des représentations mentales et sociales, dont certaines ont des racines profondes. Par ses origines, le feu présente de fortes ambivalences, et dès lors des caractères ambigus, qui font le jeu (le lit des arguments psycho-sociologiques) des partisans et des adversaires de l'incinération. Malgré les progrès technologiques réalisés, les polluants qui en résultent restent le signe de l'inaboutissement d'un processus de purification ; bien que combattue avec succès sur certains terrains, ≪ l'hydre de la pollution ≫ a pris un nouveau visage effrayant à travers les dioxines, avatar récent dans ≪ la lignée des incendies qui ravagent l'imaginaire ≫.