bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ agonists differently regulate classical and alternative macrophage activation
Authors: Paukkeri Erja-Leena , Pekurinen Antti , Moilanen Eeva 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, fibrates and thiazolidinediones, are commonly used drugs in the treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes. Their targets, PPARα and PPARγ, have also been shown to have a role in the regulation of inflammatory responses linking metabolism and inflammation. In the present study we investigated the effects of PPAR agonists on macrophage activation. In addition to the proinflammatory classical activation, we also focused on interleukin (IL) 4 and 13 -induced alternative activation which is a significant macrophage phenotype in tissue repairing processes and in fibrosing diseases. PPARα agonists GW7647 and fenofibrate as well as PPARγ agonist GW1929 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced classical macrophage activation and production of the characteristic biomarkers of this phenotype, i.e. IL-6 and nitric oxide, in murine J774 macrophages. Remarkably, the PPARα agonists also inhibited IL-4 and IL-13 –induced expression of alternative activation markers arginase-1, fizz1 and mannose receptor 1 whereas the PPARγ agonist GW1929 enhanced their expression in J774 macrophages. The PPARα agonists GW7647 and fenofibrate also attenuated the production of alternative activation markers chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13 and plateletderived growth factor in human THP-1 macrophages. The present findings show that PPARα and PPARγ agonists differently regulate classical and alternative macrophage phenotypes. Furthermore, PPARα activation was introduced as a novel concept to down-regulate alternative macrophage activation indicating that PPARα agonists have therapeutic potential in conditions associated with aberrant alternative macrophage activation such as fibrosing diseases.
HPLC method for the determination of the S- and R-diastereomers of telaprevir for treatment of patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Heinz Werner J. , Kuschak Dieter , Schirmer Diana , Grau Anna , Keller Daniela , Klinker Hartwig 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Telaprevir (TVR) was approved by the FDA in May 2011 for the treatment of hepatitis C. This protease inhibitor converts into two diastereomers with significant difference in antiviral activity. Clinical efficacy has been correlated with serum concentrations. Therefore, a sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of both clinically relevant diastereomers of TVR was developed. Linearity ranged from 20 to 10,000 ng/mL. The coefficients of variation were <7.3%, and accuracy was between −4.0 and 5.4%. In 105 clinical samples, both diastereomers of TVR had a high degree of correlation to each other, but concentrations showed a broad range and an increase during therapy.
Non-genetic inheritance in evolutionary theory - the importance of plant studies
Authors: Robertson Marta , Richards Christina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEmerging evidence points to a causal role for epigenetic variation in evolution, but evolutionary biologists have been reluctant to incorporate epigenetics into modern evolutionary theory. Part of this ambivalence comes from the assumption that epigenetic inheritance is only relevant to the evolution of plants, which is perpetuated by a comparative lack of evolutionary studies in animals. However, although most of the evidence for epigenetic inheritance comes from plants, plants and animals share many homologous epigenetic mechanisms, and plants provide a more tractable system for investigating the causal role of epigenetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation and its relationship with fitness. The insights from studies of epigenetic inheritance in plants may be applicable across a broad range of taxa once we establish commonalities and differences in epigenetic machinery. In this paper we present evidence for a role of epigenetic mechanisms in the evolutionary process and discuss common objections to incorporating epigenetics into evolutionary theory. This review is not exhaustive, but is meant to demonstrate that epigenetic inheritance can be incorporated into current evolutionary theory without overhauling its foundations.
Exploring the Dimensions of Nonprofit Competition through its Supplementary, Complementary, and Adversarial Relationships with Government
Authors: Derrick-Mills Teresa Marie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNonprofits contribute to communities and society through service delivery, innovation, knowledge-building, and civic engagement. They frequently partner with and push government to better serve its citizens through relationships that have been characterized as supplementary, complementary, and adversarial (Young 2006). In all of these roles and relationships, nonprofits must compete for resources, time, and attention with other nonprofits, government entities, and for-profit organizations within communities, nationally, and internationally. Competition sometimes shapes and sometimes is shaped by public policies that affect the rules of the game. In this conceptual paper, we explore the dimensions of nonprofit competition and the implications for the nonprofit–government supplementary, complementary, and adversarial relationships.
Organoboranes and tetraorganoborates studied by 11B and 13C NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Care should be taken on recording the sometimes elusive 13C NMR signals for boron-bonded carbon atoms, since it is easy to extract information about coupling constants 1
J(13C,11B) by measuring the respective line widths of 13C(B-C) and 11B NMR signals. This information can be confirmed by quantum-chemical calculations [B3LYP (6-311+G(d,p) level of theory] of
n

J(13C,11B) in organoboranes and tetraorganoborates. For the latter, the signs for n = 2, 3, 4 were experimentally determined.
About alkali metal dicyanamides: syntheses, single-crystal structure determination, DSC/TG and vibrational spectra of KCs[N(CN)2]2 and NaRb2[N(CN)2]3 · H2O
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Wakabayashi Ryo H. , DiSalvo Francis J. , Schulz Armin , Schneck Christof , Schleid Thomas 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Transparent colorless crystals of KCs[N(CN)2]2 and NaRb2[N(CN)2]3 · H2O were obtained by blending aqueous solutions of Na[N(CN)2] and RbF or KF, respectively. After evaporation of the water, the remaining solid was extracted with absolute ethanol and the solvent was allowed to evaporate at r. t.. KCs[N(CN)2]2 crystallizes in the space group C2/c (no. 15) with the cell parameters a = 1382.7(2), b = 998.1(1) and c = 1455.4(2) pm, and β = 118.085(4) °. The structure of NaRb2[N(CN)2]3 · H2O is exhibiting the space group P63/m (no. 176) with the cell parameters a = 705.98(7) and c = 1462.89(12) pm. Single-crystalline α-K[N(CN)2] was obtained while attempting to synthesize ‘NaK2[N(CN)2]3’, corroborating the results of previous X-ray powder diffraction experiments. Vibrational spectra and DSC/TGA analyses complete our results.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Activity of 4-Ferrocenylpyridine-3, 5-Dicarbonitrile Derivatives and Sodium Polymeric Complexes Containing Carbanionic Ligands
Authors: Klimova E. , Sánchez J. , Flores M. , Cortez S. , Ramírez T. , Churakov A. , Martínez M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe reactions of 2-cyano-3-ferrocenylacrylonitrile with malononitrile in a ROH/H2O medium in the presence of Na2CO3 afforded 6-alkoxy-2-amino-4-ferrocenylpyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles, 6-alkoxy-2-amino-4-ferrocenyl-3-ferrocenyl-methyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles and Na+ polymeric complexes: {[Na+(2-ferrocenyl(tetracyano)propenyl)−L]∞ and [Na+(2-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-ferrocenyl-6-pyridyl-dicyanomethyl)−L]∞ where L = ethanol, methanol. Complexes with L = acetonitrile (c), dimethylformamide (d), acetone (e), ethyl acetate (f) were prepared by recrystallization. The structures of the compounds 4b and Na+ polymeric complexes 5c and 6d, e were established by the spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction analysis. Two compounds 3a and 4a were tested in vitro against six human tumor cell lines U-251, PC-3, K-562, HCT-15, MCF-7 and SKLU-1 to assess their in vitro antitumor activity. The results suggest biological specificity towards PC-3, K-562 and HCT-15 cells for compound 3a, and towards PC-3 cell for compound 4a at doses 50 μM, which are lower than Cisplatin IC50′s in the three cell lines.
Microstructural Effects between AHSS Dissimilar Joints Using MIG and TIG Welding Process
Authors: Medina G.Y. Pérez , Padovani M. , Merlin M. , Pérez A.F. Miranda , Valdés F.A. Reyes 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTGas tungsten arc welding-tungsten inert gas (GTAW-TIG) is focused in literature as an alternative choice for joining high strength low alloy steels; this study is performed to compare the differences between gas metal arc welding-metal inert gas (GMAW-MIG) and GTAW welding processes. The aim of this study is to characterize microstructure of dissimilar transformation induced plasticity steels (TRIP) and martensitic welded joints by GMAW and GTAW welding processes. It was found that GMAW process lead to relatively high hardness in the HAZ of TRIP steel, indicating that the resultant microstructure was martensite. In the fusion zone (FZ), a mixture of phases consisting of bainite, ferrite and small areas of martensite were present. Similar phase’s mixtures were found in FZ of GTAW process. The presence of these mixtures of phases did not result in mechanical degradation when the GTAW samples were tested in lap shear tensile testing as the fracture occurred in the heat affected zone. In order to achieve light weight these result are benefits which is applied an autogenous process, where it was shown that without additional weight the out coming welding resulted in a high quality bead with homogeneous mechanical properties and a ductile morphology on the fracture surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to obtain information about the specimens that provided evidence of ductile morphology.
Study of GMAW Process Parameters on the Mechanisms of Wear in Contact Tips C12200 Alloy
Authors: López Luis A. , Perez Gladys Y. , Garcia Felipe J. , López Víctor H. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the impact of process parameters of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) on the mechanisms of fail and wear present in the contact tips (CT), component located in the welding gun, when high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel is welded with ER70S - 0.045” copper coated electrode in manual mode. By means of chemical analysis the alloy was identified as C12200. It was also identified that the maximum temperature reached by the CT is 850° C. 30 samples were obtained that had different lifetime, which were analyzed by stereoscope and its behavior against wear was determined by using an equation of relative wear. Microstructural changes as recrystallization and grain growth undergone by these CT were also evidenced by light microscopy. In addition the changes in their mechanical properties such as decrease in their hardness to about of half that initially had. Finally some significant samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); microanalysis was used to identify the exchange of matter leaving from the electrode in the CT and spatter into the hole of the component.
Structural and Optical Characterization of ZnO Nanofilms Deposited by CBD-AμW
Authors: Díaz-Reyes J. , Castillo-Ojeda R. S. , Flores-Mena J. E. , Martínez-Juárez J. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTZnO was grown by Chemical Bath Deposition technique activated by microwaves (CBD-AμW) on corning glass substrates. The ZnO structural and optical properties are studied as a function of the urea concentration in the growth solution. ZnO chemical stoichiometry was determined by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD analysis and Raman scattering reveal that ZnO deposited thin films showed hexagonal polycrystalline phase wurtzite type. The Raman spectra present four main peaks associated to the modes E2high, (E2high-E2low), E2low and an unidentified vibrational band observed at 444, 338, 104 and 78 cm-1. The E2low mode involves mainly Zn atoms motion in the unit cell and the E2high mode is associated to oxygen motion. The observed emission peaks in the room temperature photoluminescence spectra are associated at vacancies of zinc and oxygen in the lattice.
Relation -between Nanostructural Changes and Macroscopic Effects during Reversible Temperature-Memory Effect under Stress-Free Conditions in Semicrystalline Polymer Networks
Authors: Nöchel U. , Kratz K. , Behl M. , Lendlein A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTTemperature-memory effects in polymers under stress-free conditions are typically limited to one way effects. Recently, crosslinked polymer networks comprising crystallizable domains, which were capable of a reversible temperature-memory effect (rTME) under stress-free conditions, were introduced. The utilization of crystallizable actuator domains (AD) and shape determining domains (SD) where related to two different temperature ranges of a single broad melting temperature transition in case of rTME. In this study we investigated the nanostructure of crosslinked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] cPEVA capable of rTME in situ during actuation cycles utilizing X-ray scattering techniques and related the changes on the nanoscale to effects on the macroscopic scale. It was observed that 23% of SD obtained at a separation temperature of 75 °C gave the highest reversible strain and when exceeding 80 °C only isotropic crystallization occurred and no rTME was observed. Furthermore, distances between oriented crystalline lamellae correlated to the macroscopic actuation during heating-cooling cycles, exhibiting long-periods from 14 to 17 nm as function of temperature.
Embedded Fiber Optic Sensors for In Situ and In-Operando Monitoring of Advanced Batteries
Authors: Schwartz Julian , Arakaki Kyle , Kiesel Peter , Raghavan Ajay , Sommer Wilko , Lochbaum Alexander , Ganguli Anurag , Hegyi Alex , Saha Bhaskar , Bae Chang-Jun , Hah HoeJin , Kim ChaeAh , Alamgir Mohamed 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTOur team is developing an optically-based smart monitoring system prototype targeting batteries for advanced battery applications such as hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs). The system concept envisions fiber optic (FO) sensors embedded within Lithium (Li)-ion batteries to measure parameters indicative of cell state in conjunction with our low-cost, compact optical wavelength-shift detection technology and intelligent algorithms to enable effective real-time performance management and optimized battery design. Towards these goals, we have successfully made functional prototypes of Li-ion pouch cells with FO sensors embedded within the electrode stack during cell fabrication. The strong, interesting signals from these FO sensors obtained over charge-discharge cycles offer valuable information and features to enable more accurate cell state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimation, and better understand cell electrochemical and aging processes. This paper presents initial results from these prototype cells and compares the results from internal FO signals to earlier results reported by our team on purely external configurations where the FO sensors were attached to the cell skin.
Oxidation Induced Giant Modulation in the Luminescence of Colloidal Amorphous Porous Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: El Demellawi Jehad K. , Anjum Dalaver H. , Chaieb Sahraoui 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe emission of crystalline silicon nanoparticles as well as nanowires can be tuned by varying their diameters. The diameter selection is achieved via a difficult chemical procedure that necessitates filtration which cannot be easily scaled up. Herein, we report a novel approach for producing and tuning the emission of freestanding colloidal of amorphous porous silicon nanoparticles (which should not be confused with bulk amorphous silicon nor with porous silicon) via a controlled oxidation without relying on size of nanoparticles. This oxidation increases local strain in the disordered network that causes orbital interactions which modifies the band-gap but a new hybridization.
Evolution of Frac-Pack Design and Completion Procedures for High-Permeability Gas Wells in Subsea Service
Authors: Pandey V. J. , Burton R. C. , Nozaki M.. 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Frac-pack techniques were used in a recent subsea well-completion campaign. The sandstone layers that were targeted for completion are present generally in shallow gas reservoirs, with depths ranging from 2,000- to 4,500-ft (609.60- to 1371.60-m) true vertical depth subsea, and exhibit a varying degree of consolidation. Core data show that deeper pay intervals predominantly comprise fine-grained, poorly consolidated sandstones with good porosity development and permeabilities in the range of 100 to more than 1,000 md. These sand layers are often separated by shales and claystones. In contrast, the targeted sandstone layers in shallower intervals consist mostly of more-consolidated rock, with lower permeabilities in the range of 5 to 50 md. Up to eight sand intervals are targeted in each well.
The subsea environment posed a challenge for well-completion design because of the multilayered completion strategy that was required to drain several of the pay units effectively in each well. Multizone frac-pack completions consisting of isolation packers and sand-control screens with separate pumping and production sleeves were used to provide sand control. An inner string of additional isolation seals, gauges, and intelligent control valves was run to provide zone-specific monitoring and production control.
The initial well-completion work resulted in high skin values during production. A review of the post-stimulation data helped to identify the shortcomings in the designs and completion procedures. As a result, changes were made in the completion procedures, and frac-pack designs were tailored to suit the purposes. When these changes were implemented in subsequent wells, an improvement in well performance was seen, mostly in the form of reduced skin.
This paper details this evolution, including favorable modification of completion procedures and the changes in pump schedule, treatment planning, and delivery methods during the frac-pack campaign. The benefit of adopting such an approach through the use of the methods and techniques implemented in this campaign can be applied to similar fields under development.
Heavy-Oil Recovery by Combined Hot Water and Alkali/Cosolvent/Polymer Flooding
Authors: Tagavifar M.. , Fortenberry R.. , de Rouffignac E.. , Sepehrnoori K.. , Pope G. A. 
Published: May 2015

Summary
A hybrid process is developed and optimized for heavy-oil recovery that combines moderate reservoir heating and chemical enhanced oil recovery in the form of alkali/cosolvent/polymer flood. The process is simulated by use of a model derived from existing laboratory and pilot data of a 5,000-cp heavy-oil field. It is found that hot waterflooding is efficient in heating the reservoir only when high early injectivity is achievable. This may not be the case if incipient fluid injectivity is low and/or long, continuous, horizontal shale baffles are present. To remedy the former, an electrical-preheating period is devised, whereas switching to a horizontal flood could overcome the latter. Once the reservoir temperature is raised sufficiently, a moderately unstable alkali/cosolvent/polymer flood is capable of mobilizing and displacing oil. A best combined strategy for efficient reservoir heating, high oil recovery, and cost effectiveness is found to involve reducing the oil viscosity to values of approximately 300–500 cp and combining a degree of mobility control and low interfacial tension as recovery mechanisms.
Novel Analytical Core-Sample Analysis Indicates Higher Gas Content in Shale-Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed A. , Javadpour Farzam , Michael G. Eric 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Accurate estimation of gas content in shale-gas reservoirs is challenging. Gas-evolution data from retrieved core samples are used to estimate gas content in shale-gas reservoirs. Current data analysis was developed for coalbed methane (CBM) which only accounts for sorbed gas. The CBM method underestimates gas content for the shale core samples because it neglects free gas in nanopores. In this study, we present a rigorous mathematical model to model temporal gas-volume release from the surrounding and top/bottom surfaces of a nanoporous core. Our model accounts for both gas expansion and desorption. With the model, we first match gas-evolution data to determine average core pressure. Then, we calculate the amount of the free and sorbed gas in the core at reservoir condition. With our novel model, we estimated gas content at reservoir condition in many tested core samples to be much higher than values reported on the basis of traditional analysis.
The stabilising effect of oxides in foamed aluminium alloy scrap
Authors: Kumar G. S. Vinod , García-Moreno Francisco , Banhart John , Kennedy Andrew 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The expansion and stability of foams made from remelted aluminium alloy scrap has been studied. Foams made from scrap alloy contain oxide bi-films introduced from the swarf (machining chips and turnings) of LM26 alloy and these oxides act as stabilizing agents. The wettability of the oxides and hence the stabilisation is studied by varying the addition of Mg (0 to 2 wt.%) in the alloy. The viscosity of the melts with and without Mg addition is measured and correlated with foam expansion and stability. A detailed microstructural analysis of the base alloy and foam cell wall was conducted to obtain an understanding of the stabilisation behaviour of oxides.
Des mises en scène du « nous » contre le « eux » dans le rap français
Authors: Sonnette-Manouguian Marie 
Published: May 2015

Dans une perspective de sociologie des œuvres, cet article propose d’étudier certaines représentations contemporaines des rapports de domination à partir de l’analyse d’œuvres de rap produites en France au cours des années 2000. Grâce aux travaux de Richard Hoggart sur les oppositions énonciatives faites par les classes populaires entre les pronoms « nous » et « eux », j’observe que les mises en scène de ces affrontements sociaux persistent au sein d’un corpus d’œuvres de rap « contestataires ». Si ce que renferment ces pronoms paraît mouvant, il semble pourtant se dégager de grandes tendances : les acteurs mobilisés s’affrontant symboliquement relèveraient d’enjeux de pouvoir postcoloniaux. Puis, en filigrane, les procédés stylistiques et les formulations paraissent renvoyer à des critiques des rapports de classes, permettant de comprendre la potentielle appropriation des chansons de ces rappeurs par un public hétérogène.