bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Recombinant IL‐2 with Human Resting Lymphocytes
Authors: Iseki Rieko , Koide Yukio , Ueda Ryuzo , Kondo Nobuo , Hamuro Junji , Yoshida Takato O. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that subsets of resting lymphocytes naturally express interleukin‐2 receptors (IL‐2·R). Recombinant IL‐2 (rIL‐2) induced the enhancement of natural killer (NK) activity, the generation of activated killer (AK) cells, the proliferation of resting lymphocytes, and the production of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in lymphocyte cultures. The subsets of lymphocytes mediating these responses appeared to be heterogeneous, but reside predominantly in nylon wool‐passed non‐T, non‐B cells (“lnull cells” or T3‐ cells); in response to rIL‐2, only Leul 1+T3‐ cells showed enhanced NK activity, and both Leul 1+T3‐ and Leul 1‐T3‐ cells showed predominantly AK activity, proliferation and production of IFN‐γ. These findings suggest that the T3‐ fraction (null cell fraction) contains predominantly cells expressing IL‐2·R at the resting state. Unlike the case with activated T cells, however, none of these responses was blocked by any of three monoclonal antibodies to IL‐2·R, including anti‐Tac antibody at any dilution. These results indicate that IL‐2·R on the resting T3‐ cells possess unique biological features compared to those on activated T or B cells. A most likely explanation is that T3‐ cells possess higher affinity IL‐2·R than activated T or B cells. Other possibilities are also discussed.
Effect of Cytolytic Infection on Maintenance of Resistance to HVJ (Sendai Virus) in an Altered BHK Cell Culture
Authors: Yokoo Junko , Miyadai Toshiaki , Yokochi Takashi , Kimura Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAltered baby hamster kidney (BHK‐R) cells were serially cultured in the continuous presence of hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ). These cells showed a distinct resistance to superinfection with the homologous HVJ. This resistance of BHK‐R cells gradually disappeared after serial passages in the presence of ultraviolet‐irradiated HVJ particles which lost infectivity but still preserved hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. When BHK‐R cells were serially cultured in the presence of a temperature‐sensitive mutant of HVJ at non‐permissive temperature, the cells also lost the resistance. The resistance of BHK‐R cells remained unchanged, even after prolonged incubation in virus‐free maintenance medium under the conditions of no cell division. It was suggested that killing of virus‐sensitive cells, which were generated during cell proliferation, was required for maintenance of the resistance.
Physicochemical Characterization of A and B Subunits of Shiga Toxin and Reconstitution of Holotoxin from Isolated Subunits
Authors: Yutsudo Takashi , Honda Takeshi , Miwatani Toshio , Takeda Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe A and B subunits of Shiga toxin were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography and their physicochemical properties were examined. The A subunit of Shiga toxin purified from culture supernatant was not nicked, but it could be nicked in vitro by trypsin. The isoelectric points of the A and B subunits were determined to be 8.2 and 5.8, respectively. Amino acid compositions of the two subunits were also determined. The isolated A and B subunits were reconstituted to form active holotoxin which showed lethal activity to mice which was similar to that of native Shiga toxin.
Possible Existence of a Novel Amphipathic Immunostimulator in the Phenol‐Water Extracts of Mycobacteriaceae
Authors: Ikeda‐Fujita Takako , Kotani Shozo , Tsujimoto Masachika , Ogawa Tomohiko , Takahashi Ichiro , Takada Haruhiko , Shimauchi Hidetoshi , Nagao Shigeki , Kokeguchi Susumu , Kato Keijiro , Yano Ikuya , Okamura Haruki , Tamura Toshishide , Harada Kazuhiro , Usami Hiroko , Yamamoto Akihiko , Tanaka Shigenori , Kato Yoshiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe extracts having diverse immunostimulating activities were obtained as a water‐phase fraction from four bacterial species representing the 4 genera (Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Gordona, and Rhodococcus) of Mycobacteriaceae by the phenol‐water method, which is commonly used for extraction of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gram‐negative bacteria and amphipathic substances from gram‐positives. These fractions, especially those of G. aurantiaca and R. terrae, showed strong stimulatory effects on murine splenocytes, macrophages of mice and guinea pigs, the immunoadjuvant activities in guinea pigs and mice, and the distinct activities inducing a tumor necrosis factor and interferons α/β and γ in primed mice. The fractions from G. aurantiaca and R. terrae exhibited potent pyrogenicity and the ability to activate the clotting enzyme cascade of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus). Some of these biological activities were not very different from the potency of the reference endotoxic LPS derived from Escherichia coli or Fusobacterium nucleatum. But the test fractions neither showed the activity to prepare rabbit skin to the local Shwartzman reaction, nor reacted with anti‐lipid A conventional and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, unlike LPS, these fractions stimulated the splenocytes of C3H/HeJ mice (LPS‐Nonresponder). Although the fractions showing the above biological activities have not yet been adequately purified, they contained polysaccharides, whose main constituent sugar is mannose with a smaller amount of arabinose, fatty acids consisting primarily of palmitic, stearic, and tuberculostearic acids, and small amounts of peptides and amino sugars. Since components characteristic of known immunomodulators of bacterial origin, namely endotoxins (lipid A's), cell wall peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acids, cord factors (trehalose dimycolates), or deoxyribonucleic acids, were practically not detected in these fractions, the agent responsible for the above bioactivities is considered to be a novel substance different from the known, bacterial immunomodulators.
Antigenic and Biochemical Characterization of Poliovirus Type 1 Isolates
Authors: Hara Minoru , Arita Mineo , Yamazaki Zenichi , Hagiwara Akio , Saito Yoshiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy the introduction of Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine, the circulation of wild type polioviruses has virtually disappeared in Japan. However, an outbreak of poliomyelitis associated with sporadic transmission of type 1 wild strain occurred in Nagano in 1980. Furthermore, we found that some type 1 wild strains were introduced into Japan from abroad in 1981. In recent surveys, the two poliovirus type 1 isolates which have non‐vaccine‐like antigenic character were detected in Aichi. Then, an investigation to trace the origin of these strains was performed, by using intratypic serodifferentiation and biochemical techniques. Electrophoretic migration patterns of their structural polypeptides were quite different from the vaccine virus. In the oligonucleotide mapping, however, one of them gave patterns very similar to those of the vaccine virus. We could conclude that one originated most probably from wild strains, and the other was an antigenic variant derived from the vaccine virus. It showed that oligonucleotide mapping was a very useful method for identification of antigenic modified Sabin type 1 derivatives.
Inhibitory Effect of Capsular Antigen of Vibrio vulnificus on Bactericidal Activity of Human Serum
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Kobayashi Masakazu , Yamada Hiroaki , Yoshida Shin‐Ichi , Ogawa Midori , Mizuguchi Yasuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOpaque (Op) and translucent (Tr) colonial variants were isolated from Vibrio vulnificus strains. Op‐type variants were more resistant than the isogenic Tr‐type variants, but the survival rate of the Op‐type variants varied with the strains. Antisera were prepared by immunizing rabbit with whole cells of Op and Tr variants of some strains, in which the difference of the sensitivity between Op and Tr cells was remarkable. Then agglutination tests with their living and heat‐killed cells were carried out. The results suggested the presence of capsular antigen in Op cells and its absence in Tr cells, with the exception of the existence of a slight amount of capsular material in Tr variants of strain L‐180. The thin capsular layer of Tr cells of strain L‐180 was also demonstrated electron microscopically, but the layer was thinner than that of the isogenic Op cells. Results of determination of sugar content in the extracted capsular fraction also showed that Op to Tr transformation was due to loss of capsular antigen of the cells. These results confirmed the morphological studies previously reported which suggested the prevention of host defense system by the capsular material of the vibrio.
Effects of a New Antibiotic, Isohematinic Acid, on the Resistance of Mice to Experimental Infections
Authors: Shiraishi Akio , Katayama Toshiaki , Matsuda Tomoko , Itoh Yasuhiro , Haneishi Tatsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIsohematinic acid, an antibiotic newly isolated from the culture broth of Actinoplanes philippinensis SANK 61681, was assessed for its ability to enhance nonspecific resistance to bacterial infections against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. This agent, as well as BM 12,531 (Azimexon), was found to prolong the survival of normal mice infected with E. coli and also of compromised mice infected with either E. coli or P. aeruginosa, whose defense system had been deteriorated by treatment with carboquone, an alkylating agent. Like BM 12,531, isohematinic acid administered to normal mice significantly increased the nitroblue tetrazolium reducing potency of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), indicating that the microbicidal activity of PMN was enhanced by these agents. In addition, in the compromised mice these agents were able to restore the number of peripheral blood leucocytes, which had been reduced to about 30% of the normal level by carboquone. These results suggest that isohematinic acid, like BM 12,531, enhances nonspecific resistance to these bacterial infections by stimulating the microbicidal activity of PMN and inducing leucocytosis.
Oral Immunization in Adult Mice to Live and Heat‐Killed Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Fujisawa Haruo , Tsuru Sumiaki , Taniguchi Mariko , Zinnaka Yutaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEffects of systemic and intestinal local immune responses in mice fed ad libitum and forcedly with live or heat‐killed Vibrio cholerae on the elimination of vibrios from the intestine were investigated. In mice fed with live vibrios, ad libitum feeding could induce potential delayed‐type hypersensitivity and rapid production of vibriocidal antibody in the serum whereas forcedly feeding suppressed the delayed‐type hypersensitivity and retarded the antibody production. In contrast, when killed microorganisms were used as antigens, significant delayed‐type hypersensitivity and rapid response of vibriocidal antibody were induced in forcedly fed mice although ad libitum feeding suppressed the induction of the delayed‐type hypersensitivity and retarded the production of vibriocidal antibody. The elimination of vibrios from the intestine of mice was promoted in both mice groups fed ad libitum and forcedly with live vibrios but not with killed microorganisms. Total IgA in the intestinal contents of mice fed with live vibrios both ad libitum and forcedly were higher than those of mice fed with killed antigens. In addition, when the extracts of intestinal contents were absorbed by live antigens, IgA contents in mice fed with live vibrios were reduced more markedly than those in mice immunized orally by the feeding with killed antigens. These findings suggested that the elimination of vibrios from the organ was closely related to local IgA antibody response to heat‐labile substance of live Vibrio cholerae.
Antigenic Variation of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Wild Ducks in Japan
Authors: Kawamura Meiko , Nagata‐Matsubara Kayo , Nerome Kuniaki , Yamane Nobuhisa , Kida Hiroshi , Kodama Hiroshi , Izawa Hisao , Mikami Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNineteen strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from wild ducks in Japan were placed into 4 distinct antigenic groups on the basis of their reactivities to 8 monoclonal antibodies against the HN molecule of NDV in hemagglutination inhibition tests. The NDV strains of duck origin were antigenically distinct from NDV‐B1 and NDV‐Miyadera originated from chickens, and varied in their virulence to chicken embryos. No apparent correlation was found between the antigenicity of the HN molecule and virulence.
Purification and Immunochemical Properties of a Wall Protein Antigen from Clostridium difficile ATCC 11011
Authors: Takumi Kenji , Takeoka Aya , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA wall‐surface protein antigen, designated 32K antigen, was extracted from whole cells of Clostridium difficile strain ATCC 11011 with phosphate buffered saline and purified by ion‐exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing. The 32K antigen preparation was determined to be highly homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of the antigen was characteristic in the predominance of the acidic amino acids, the very low contents of methionine and histidine, and the lack of cysteine. A monomeric molecular weight of the 32K antigen was estimated to be 32,000 by SDS‐PAGE and 30,200 by sedimentation equilibrium. The antigen exhibited two isoelectric forms (IP, 4.12 and 3.96). Neither carbohydrate nor phosphorus was detectable in the antigen. The antigen was relatively resistant to trypsin but sensitive to pepsin. Immunoblot analysis of the wall proteins isolated from other strains of C. difficile probed with monospecific antiserum against the antigen from ATCC 11011 showed that the antigenicity of 32K wall protein was common among some of the strains containing 32K wall proteins.
Response of Ligated Rabbit Ileal Loop to Clostridium perfringens Type C Strains and Their Toxic Filtrates
Authors: Yamagishi Takayoshi , Gyobu Yotaku , Sakamoto Kenichi , Ishisaka Shintaro , Saito Kimie , Morinaga Shinichi , Katsuda Shogo , Umei Tamiko , Konishi Kenichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe vegetative cells and toxic filtrates of Clostridium perfringens type C strains were injected into ligated rabbit ileal loops and the responses were observed. Out of 12 strains examined, 2 strains showed positive reaction in this test, when the vegetative cells were injected. One of these 2 strains was an enterotoxigenic and beta‐toxigenic and the other was beta‐ and delta‐toxigenic but not enterotoxigenic. Culture filtrates containing beta or delta toxin also showed fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop. Histological findings of loops injected with culture filtrates containing beta toxin showed separated and effaced villi, hemorrhage in the mucosa, engorged vessels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue.
Application and Limitations of Differential Hybridization in the Isolation of T Cell‐Specific cDNA Clones
Authors: Shigemoto Kazuhiro , Kanno Masamoto , Sakamoto Tohru , Imai Kenji , Taniguchi Masaru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the limitations and effectiveness of differential hybridization in the cloning of T cell‐specific cDNA (complementary DNA) molecular clones. By using the technique with T cell and B cell cDNA probes, together with Northern blot analysis, we successfully isolated cDNA clones exclusively expressed in T cells from 1 × 104 plaque‐forming units of a T cell hybridoma. These clones represent 0.068% of the mass of the cytoplasmic mRNA. Our result shows that differential hybridization is an effective procedure when used in combination with Northern blot analysis for screening of genes selectively expressed in T cells.
Further Evidence for Heterogeneity of Fcγ‐Receptors on Guinea Pig Splenic B and T Lymphocytes: Analysis Using Monoclonal Antibodies to Two Distinct Types of Fcγ‐Receptor
Authors: Yamashita Toshiyuki , Koyama Jiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn our previous paper, we reported that guinea pig splenic lymphocytes expressed two distinct Fc‐receptors for homologous IgG (FcγRs), one monospecific for IgG2 (Fcγ2R) and the other bispecific for IgG1 and IgG2 (Fcγ1/γ2R), when analyzed by EA‐rosette assay. These FcγRs on the cells were further studied by using two monoclonal antibodies toward the FcγRs on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages (anti‐Fcγ1/γ2R and anti‐Fcγ2R antibody). The anti‐Fcγ1/γ2R antibody completely inhibited the rosette formation of splenic lymphocytes with IgG1‐sensitized sheep erythrocytes [EA(IgG1)]. On the other hand, EA(IgG2)‐rosette formation was inhibited partially by anti‐Fcγ2R but not by anti‐Fcγ1/γ2R antibody. Complete inhibition of the EA (IgG2)‐rosette formation was achieved by simultaneous additions of both anti‐Fcγ2R and anti‐Fcγ1/γ2R antibodies. The binding of IgG2 antibody complexed with ovalbumin to the cells was partially inhibited by either anti‐FcγR antibody, and complete inhibition occurred in the presence of both the antibodies, indicating that two types of FcγR, Fcγ1/γ2R, and Fcγ2R, are expressed on the cells. The determination of these FcγRs on B and T lymphocytes by two‐color flow cytometry showed that about 52% of B lymphocytes expressed Fcγ1/γ2R alone and 32% of the cells expressed both the FcγRs. On the other hand, about 12% of T lymphocytes was found to express Fcγ2R alone and the cells expressing Fcγ1/γ2R were in the minority (3.8%). T lymphocytes expressing both the FcγRs were not detected. These results show that guinea pig B lymphocytes bear two types of FcγRs and are heterogeneous with regard to their FcγRs and that T lymphocytes express Fcγ2R mainly.
Large Plasmid in Shigella boydii Is Responsible for Epithelial Cell Penetration
Authors: Takahashi Kazuya , Yoshida Yoko , Okamura Noboru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA large plasmid in a virulent Shigella boydii 5 strain was transferred to plasmid‐cured avirulent strains of S. boydii 5, S. boydii 12, S. sonnei form II, and Escherichia coli K12. The transconjugants acquired the ability to invade tissue culture cells, which indicated that the large plasmid in S. boydii is responsible for epithelial cell invasiveness.
Biological Activities of Lipid A from Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Stimulation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Bandekar Jayant Ramachandra , Nerkar Devdas Punjaji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe toxicity and macrophage stimulating property of Vibrio parahaemolyticus lipid A was studied. The LD50 dose of lipid A in galactosamine‐sensitized mice was found to be 0.6 μg when injected intraperitoneally. Administration of lipid A resulted in stimulation of peritoneal macrophages as evident by increase in their cellular RNA contents and lysosomal enzyme activities. The treatment also caused enhancement in the phagocytic activity of macrophages.
T Cell Subsets Responsible for Clearance of Sendai Virus from Infected Mouse Lungs
Authors: Iwai Hiroshi , Machii Kenji , Otsuka Yuko , Ueda Katsumoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractT cell subsets responsible for clearance of Sendai virus from mouse lungs determined by adoptive transfer of immune spleen cell fractions to infected nude mice. T cells with antiviral activity developed in spleens by 7 days after intranasal infection. Spleen cell fractions depleted of Lyt‐2+, Lyt‐1+, or L3T4+ cells showed antiviral activity in vivo, although the degree of the activity was lower than that of control whole spleen cells. The antiviral activity of the Lyt‐2+ cell‐depleted fraction was consistently higher than that of L3T4+ (Lyt‐1+)‐depleted cells. In vitro cytotoxic activity against Sendai virus‐associated, syngeneic lipopolysaccharide‐blast cells was detected in stimulated cells from intraperitoneally immunized mice but was lost after depletion of Lyt‐2+ cells. Multiple injection of anti‐Sendai virus antibody into infected nude mice had no effect on lung virus titer. These results indicate that L3T4+ (Lyt‐1+) and Lyt‐2+ subsets are cooperatively responsible for efficient clearance of Sendai virus from the mouse lung.
An mpo Mutant of Bacillus subtilis Requires a Higher Concentration of Manganese than the Wild Type Strain for Normal Sporulation
Authors: Matsuzaki Shigenobu , Kobayashi Komei , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: November 2013

Abstractmpo‐1 Mutation, which causes the overproduction of at least two membrane and one cytoplasmic proteins, induced high manganese concentration‐dependent sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Sporulation of the mpo‐1 mutant was blocked at stage 0‐I by a low concentration of manganese.
Persistent Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in an Ia Antigen‐Positive Murine Macrophage Cell Line
Authors: Tang Jie‐liu , Yamamoto Masahiro , Sakuma Shunji , Mori Ryoichi , Nagayama Ariaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe interaction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) with murine macrophage cell lines was examined. The cell lines appeared to be moderately permissive for HSV‐1 replication, though the yield of the virus was limited compared with that in Vero cells. Furthermore, the murine macrophage cell line SL‐1, bearing Ia antigen, was persistently infected with HSV‐1 for over one year, and was designated SL‐1/KOS. Persistent infection could not be established in an Ia antigen‐negative macrophage cell line, SL‐4. In the SL‐1/KOS culture, there was a small number of infected cells as revealed by infectious center assay. Treatment with monoclonal antibody against HSV‐1 cured the persistent infection. Therefore maintenance of the persistent infection is considered to be due to a carrier culture consisting of a minority of infected cells and a majority of uninfected cells. In the SL‐1/KOS cultures a low level of interferon (IFN) was found. When a large amount of exogenous recombinant murine IFN‐β (105–106 international units/ml) was added to the culture, virus production diminished to undetectable levels. These results suggest that IFN plays an important role in the maintenance of persistent infection. In long‐term persistently infected cultures, syncytium formation appeared and the virus from such cultures had a different DNA structure from that of the virus originally used for infection as revealed by restriction endonuclease analysis.
Effect of Temperature on Antibacterial Activity of Lidocaine to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Taki Yoshiharu , Seki Keiko , Ikigai Hajime , Nishihara Shoko , Ueno Hiroshi , Murota Kagehisa , Masuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the antibacterial activity of lidocaine to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated in vitro. At 10 C at which S. aureus organisms do not grow and might be metabolically inactive, the antibacterial activity of lidocaine to S. aureus was not observed in a concentration of 1%, which was quite antibacterial to S. aureus at 37 C. On the other hand, at 40 C a conspicuously increased antibacterial activity to S. aureus of lidocaine was observed in a concentration of 0.25% which was not antibacterial to S. aureus organisms at 37 C. Similar results were obtained when P. aeruginosa organisms were examined in place of S. aureus, although P. aeruginosa was found to be less susceptible to lidocaine than S. aureus. The clinical significance of the thermal effect on the antibacterial activity of lidocaine was discussed in brief.
Differentiation between Genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia by Susceptibility Testing to Kanamycin and Some Other Antituberculosis Agents
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe test for susceptibility to kanamycin is useful for differentiating between the genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia. All rhodococci except R. equi, R. erythropolis, and R. aurantiacus are susceptible to kanamycin, whereas all nocardiae except N. otitidis‐caviarum are resistant to kanamycin. Tests for susceptibility to rifampicin, streptomycin, and minocycline also are useful for differentiating among the species of each genus.