bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous negative‐pressure wound therapy improves the survival rate of skin grafts and shortens the time required for skin graft survival
Authors: Tsuchiya Masato , Kushibiki Toshihiro , Yamashiro Toshifumi , Mayumi Yoshine , Ishihara Miya , Azuma Ryuichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in skin graft fixation has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. However, in vitro and in vivo studies on skin graft fixation with NPWT have been scarce. In this in vivo study, we aimed to determine whether NPWT fixation enhances skin graft survival and how it contributes to improving skin graft survival biologically.Materials and methodsWe harvested skin from the bilateral abdominal wall of 88 mice after anesthetizing them. Full‐thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) were performed on contralateral harvest sites, and grafts were fixed using NPWT (continuous and intermittent modes), conventional compression methods, and wrapping with polyurethane foam as a control group. On days 5 and 10 of grafting, the survival rates of the FTSGs were evaluated. Immunohistopathological analysis and measurement of the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were performed.ResultsThe survival rates of FTSG in the continuous NPWT group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The number of capillaries in the dermis was significantly higher in the continuous NPWT group than in the other groups. In the wound bed, VEGF levels were significantly higher in both NPWT groups than in the other groups.ConclusionContinuous NPWT increases the survival rate of FTSGs and shortens the duration of skin graft survival.
Incorporating Tensile Stress Into Electromigration Life Prediction for Cu/SAC305/Cu Solder Joints
Authors: Vinson Whit , Huitink David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accelerated testing has been executed to examine the combined influence of electromigration (EM) stressors (elevated current density and elevated ambient temperature) and tensile stress on the lifetime of SAC305 solder joints (300 μm diameter) at two current densities (8500 and 9100 A/cm2), two ambient temperatures (100 and 150 °C), and five tensile stresses (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 MPa). 60 total samples were tested, four of which survived the 500-h test duration limit. As tensile stress was increased, a significant reduction in lifetime was observed for each of the four EM conditions (current density–temperature pairs). Voltage drop across the solder samples was measured in situ, capturing the time to failure (TTF) for all samples and allowing for the development of life prediction models based on the multistress experimental scenario. Post failure analysis of the samples tested under combined electromigration and tensile stress showed necking or breakage at the Cu/SAC305 interface on the upstream side of electron flux. The cross-sectional analysis of tested samples is consistent with the findings from other studies regarding electromigration failure in Cu/SAC305/Cu solder joint assemblies, where the intermetallic regions at Cu/SAC305 interfaces grow asymmetrically. Inherent process voids in the experimental samples are discussed as a source of error and a brief computational examination of the impact of process-related voiding on stress as well as current density and self-heating within solder samples is provided.
Transient Liquid Phase Bond Acceleration Using Copper Nanowires
Authors: Harris John , Huitink David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Increasing heat flux in power electronics modules is taxing the limits of thermal management technologies. This is the result of wide bandgap semiconductor devices with superior voltage blocking capabilities. These same devices have the capability of operating at elevated junction temperatures when properly packaged. Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding forms intermetallic compounds (IMC) with high melting temperatures at more conventional processing temperatures. Copper and tin transient liquid phase intermetallic formation in SAC305 solder bonds can be accelerated using copper nanowires. This work explores the feasibility of accelerated transient liquid phase bonding using solder and nanowires. This includes electroforming of nanowires, contact angle analysis of solder on nanowires, void analysis using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SAC305 solder is deposited on substrates with 0.4 μm diameter copper nanowires using a 75 μm stencil and subjected to solder reflow. It is found that atmospheric storage at 260 °C results in regions of complete intermetallic bonding after 2 h. Shear strength of bonds completed with this nanowire transient liquid phase bonding method averages 11.99 kg or 13 MPa.
Predictive Validity of Motor Assessment Scale on Poststroke Discharge Destination
Authors: Conradsen Irene , Henriksen Marius , Rytter Hana Malá 
Published: July 2024

Background: Stroke frequently leads to hospital admission and subsequent rehabilitation in order to overcome poststroke sequelae, such as motor impairments. Efficient planning of the steps following hospital admission includes early prediction of whether the patient can be discharged home or not. Early assessment of motor performance in patients with stroke‐induced motor deficits may be able to function as a predictor of discharge destination but is less explored.Objective: The primary objective was to assess the predictive validity of the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) on discharge destination both regarding total score and regarding subscores (transfer‐mobility items and upper extremity items).Design: The study was designed as a prospective cohort study.Subjects: Thirty‐seven consecutively recruited patients with stroke are the subjects of the study.Methods: Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds of being discharged to own home upon hospital admittance. The predictive ability was examined with a receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and cut‐points from the curve were employed in Cox regression.Results: A one‐unit higher score on the total MAS significantly increased the odds of being discharged home upon hospital admittance (odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25). The same pattern was observed with the summed items of 1–5 and 6–8. The total MAS showed sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 68.0%. Patients having a total MAS score ≥ 24 were 17 times more likely to be discharged home (HR 17.64, 95% CI 2.23–139.57) compared to patients with a lower score.Conclusion: Motor function measured by the MAS can be applied as a predictor of discharge destination upon hospital admission after stroke in Danish setting.
Comparison of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT‐2 Inhibitors, and DPP‐4 Inhibitors as an Add‐On Drug to Insulin Combined With Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs: Umbrella Review
Authors: Chai Sanbao , Niu Yapin , Liu Fengqi , Wu Shanshan , Yang Zhirong , Sun Feng 
Published: July 2024

Background: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs), dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i), and sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT‐2i) in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes with poor efficacy of basic insulin and metformin/sulfonylurea by umbrella review.Materials and Methods: Forming the data of publication of each database through 13 September 2022, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were surveyed.Results: A total of seven meta‐analyses were included in the umbrella review. The combination of GLP‐1 RA (WMD −3.41 [−5.61, −1.21], p = 0.002), SGLT‐2i (WMD −5.34 [−9.56, −1.13], p = 0.013), and DPP‐4i (WMD −5.56 [−7.39, −3.73], p ≤ 0.001) can significantly reduce HbA1c levels, respectively. The combination of GLP‐1 RA (WMD −1.55 [−2.92, −0.18], p = 0.027), SGLT‐2i (WMD −2.96 [−6.68, 0.77], p = 0.12), and DPP‐4i (WMD −2.05 [−2.82, −1.28], p ≤ 0.001) can significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, respectively. The combination of GLP‐1 RA (WMD −3.24 [−5.14, −1.34], p < 0.001) can significantly reduce body weight of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The dose of basic insulin in diabetes patients after combined use of GLP‐1 RA (WMD −2.74 [−4.26, −1.22], p ≤ 0.001) was significantly reduced. The combination use of GLP‐1 RAs (OR 1.28 [1.05, 1.56], p = 0.017) increases the risk of hypoglycemia.Conclusions: The combination of GLP‐1 RAs, DPP‐4i, and SGLT‐2i can effectively lower HbA1c and FPG in T2DM patients who have poor therapeutic effects on basic insulin combined with metformin/sulfonylureas, respectively. Compared to placebo, GLP‐1 RAs can significantly reduce body weight and basic insulin dosage, while DPP‐4i and SGLT‐2i have a lower risk of hypoglycemia.Trial Registration:CRD42023410345.
Mortality and Morbidity After Open Surgical Lower Extremity Revascularization in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease and Concurrent Abdominal Stoma
Authors: Leverich Matthew , Afifi Ahmed M. , Ren Gang , Nazzal Munier , Osman Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Objectives Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) often require treatment with open lower extremity revascularization (LER). Patients with PAD often have other comorbidities and associated conditions that affect procedural outcomes, including abdominal stomas. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact that stomas may have on postoperative outcomes and complications. Methods We performed a 5-year (2016-2020) analysis of the Nationwide Readmission Database. We identified all adult patients undergoing open LER. These patients were categorized into 2 groups: stoma and no-stoma. Propensity score matching (1:1) was used to control for demographics and comorbidities. Index admission outcomes and readmission rate were examined. Results 212,275 open LER patients were identified. A matched cohort of 3088 patients (1:1 stoma vs no-stoma) was obtained. Patients with stomas had higher rates of several postoperative complications: acute posthemorrhagic anemia (29.1%, P < 0.01), acute kidney injury (21.4%, P < 0.001), index sepsis (10.3%, P < 0.001), and index SSI (2.8%, P < 0.001). There were no significant statistical differences between the 2 groups for acute myocardial infarction. Those with stomas had worse outcomes: greater in-hospital mortality (4.7%, P < 0.05), length of stays (median 7 days, P < 0.001), total charges (median 108,037 dollars, P < 0.001), discharges to long-term care facilities (30.8%, P < 0.001), discharges to their own homes needing home health care (30.1%, P < 0.001), 30-day readmission rates (23.2%, P < 0.01), and 30-day readmission mortality (6.1%, P < 0.01). Conclusions Concurrent abdominal stoma is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality after open LER. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results.
Psychosocial Well-Being Differences Between the Young Old, Old-Old, and Oldest Old: A Global Comparison
Authors: Burns Shane D. , Crimmins Eileen M. , Zhang Mutian , Ailshire Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives We investigate global differences in psychosocial well-being between older adult age groups. Methods Using multinomial logistic regression, we analyzed 2018 data ( n = 93,663) from 9 countries/regions in the Health and Retirement Study international family of studies to compare age group differences in depression, loneliness, and happiness. Results Compared to the young old, the old-old reported more depression in Southern Europe, while the oldest old had higher risk in India and Southern Europe but lower risk in the United States. The old-old reported less loneliness in the United States but more in Southern Europe, while the oldest old had greater risk in Southern Europe. The old-old reported less happiness in Korea, while the oldest old had lower reports in Korea but higher reports in the United States. Discussion The psychosocial well-being of the oldest old is exceptionally good in the United States but exceptionally poor in Southern Europe.
Bilateral outer foveal microdefect in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus using hydroxychloroquine - A case report
Authors: Alves Eneida Machado , Fonseca Vanessa , Moura Carlos Antonio , Oliveira Isabela S. , Santiago Mittermayer B. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction The association of outer foveal microdefect and LES or hydroxychloroquine use has not been established in current literature. Case report We present the first reported case of bilateral outer foveal microdefect ina a patient with systemic lúpus erythematosus using hydroxycloroquine. Discussion/conclusion While it is not possible to definitively attribute the described findings in our patient to HCQ use, it is important to be aware of the possibility that the outer foveal microdefect may be caused by this medication. Therefore, patients on chronic HCQ therapy should be informed about the risk of potential visual adverse effects, so that appropriate interventions can be implemented if necessary.
The relationship between nurses’ professional values and ethical attitudes to pain
Authors: Korkut Sevda , Saatçi Gamze 
Published: July 2024

Background Pain management is a fundamental human right for everyone who experiences it. The management of pain is an ethical obligation for all health professionals. Professional values have an important place in appropriate clinical decision-making. Research aim This study was conducted to determine the relationship between nurses' ethical attitudes in pain management and their compliance with professional values. Research design The study was conducted as a descriptive and correlational research. The study data were collected by online survey method using the Introductory Characteristics Form, Ethical Attitude Scale for Pain Management in Nursing, and Nurses Professional Values Scale – Revised. Participants and research context The population of the study consisted of nurses working in tertiary treatment centers in a country. A total of 388 nurses participated in the study. Ethical considerations Ethical approval was obtained from the University Ethics Committee. Consent was obtained from the nurses. Results The mean total score of the Ethical Attitude Scale for Pain Management in Nursing was 98.96 ± 9.37, and the mean total score of the Nurses Professional Values Scale was 101.51 ± 15.20. The scores of the Ethical Attitude Scale for Pain Management in Nursing were positively and moderately correlated with the total scores of the Professional Values Scale. Compliance with professional values explained 41% of the total variance of ethical attitude for pain management. Conclusions In this study, it was found that nurses' ethical attitudes for pain management and compliance with professional values were at a high level, compliance with professional values was associated with ethical attitudes for pain management, and ethical attitudes for pain management decreased with increasing working years. A nurse with high ethical sensitivity and compliance with professional values can easily recognize ethical problems, effectively manage the ethical decision-making process, and provide appropriate patient care.
Substance use by homeless clinic attenders in Sydney
Authors: Solterbeck Kirra , Staples Lauren , Woodman Logan , Burns Nicholas , Mitchell Rebecca , Nielssen Olav 
Published: July 2024

Objective Describe patterns of substance use and comorbid conditions among clinic attenders in homeless shelters in Sydney. Method Retrospective cohort study of 2498 people who attended a psychiatric clinic at one of three homeless hostels between February 2008 and May 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self-reported substance use, psychiatric diagnosis and measures of social function. Results A total of 2041 of the 2498 (81.7%) reported the harmful use of at least one substance, with alcohol (61.8%), cannabis (50.9%) and stimulant drugs (34.9%) the three most common. Those reporting the regular use of two or more substances (1466, 58.7%) were more likely to have a history of early life and adult trauma, a diagnosis of personality disorder, a criminal conviction, receive the Disability Support Pension, be chronically homeless and sleep in the open. Conclusions The study found a high rate of polysubstance use among homeless clinic attenders in Sydney, and an increase in the prevalence of substance use compared to previous studies. Substance use is both a cause and a consequence of homelessness, and services to address substance use have to be part of any program to reduce homelessness and sleeping in the open.
Evaluation of Radiotherapy Efficacy and Prognostic Analysis for Solid and Cystic Brain Metastases
Authors: Sun Lu , Lin Shouyu , Bi Jianping , Yuan Zilong , Li Ying , Wei Wei , Peng Yi , Hu Desheng , Han Guang 
Published: July 2024

Objectives Brain metastases (BMs) are commonly categorized into cystic and solid. However, the difference in the prognosis of patients with either cystic or solid BMs following radiotherapy remains poorly understood. We used a retrospective design to elucidate the disparities in survival between these two patient groups undergoing radiotherapy and to identify factors influencing the overall survival (OS) of patients with BMs. Methods This retrospective study encompasses 212 patients diagnosed with BMs. We meticulously analyzed the clinical characteristics, radiation therapy modalities, and risk factors influencing the OS among these patients, categorized by BMs type, post-brain radiation therapy. Results A statistically significant difference in mOS was observed between the two cohorts (Solid vs Cystic: 23.1 vs 14.6 months). Subgroup analysis unveiled distinctions in mOS, particularly in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (Solid vs Cystic: 23.1 vs 6.43 months). The volume of BMs and the biological effective dose (BED) emerged as significantly prognostic factors for patients with cystic BMs. For patients with solid BMs, fraction dose, BED, and the number of BMs were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion Brain radiotherapy shows superior survival benefits for lung cancer patients with solid BMs compared to those with cystic BMs, particularly in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. In particular, patients receiving BED ≥60 Gy have a more favorable prognosis than those receiving BED <60 Gy, regardless of the type of BM (solid or cystic) in lung cancer.
Chitinase-functionalized UiO-66 framework nanoparticles active against multidrug-resistant Candida Auris
Authors: Ismail Shaymaa A. , Fayed Bahgat , Abdelhameed Reda M. , Hassan Amira A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCandida auris (C. auris) is a yeast that has caused several outbreaks in the last decade. Cell wall chitin plays a primary role in the antifungal resistance of C. auris. Herein, we investigated the potential of chitinase immobilized with UiO-66 to act as a potent antifungal agent against C. auris. Chitinase was produced from Talaromyces varians SSW3 in a yield of 8.97 U/g dry substrate (ds). The yield was statistically enhanced to 120.41 U/g ds by using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design. We synthesized a UiO-66 framework that was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, a particle size analyzer, and a zeta sizer. The produced framework had a size of 70.42 ± 8.43 nm with a uniform cubic shape and smooth surface. The produced chitinase was immobilized on UiO-66 with an immobilization yield of 65% achieved after a 6 h loading period. The immobilization of UiO-66 increased the enzyme activity and stability, as indicated by the obtained Kd and T1/2 values. Furthermore, the hydrolytic activity of chitinase was enhanced after immobilization on UiO-66, with an increase in the Vmax and a decrease in the Km of 2- and 38-fold, respectively. Interestingly, the antifungal activity of the produced chitinase was boosted against C. auris by loading the enzyme on UiO-66, with an MIC50 of 0.89 ± 0.056 U/mL, compared to 5.582 ± 0.57 U/mL for the free enzyme. This study offers a novel promising alternative approach to combat the new emerging pathogen C. auris.
Efficacy of erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia after liver surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Jiajia , Wang Xueqin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Data on the effectiveness of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for patients undergoing liver surgeries is limited and inconclusive. We hereby aimed to systematically review if ESPB can provide adequate analgesia after liver surgery.

Methods
PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Embase, and gray literature were examined up to 25th April 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ESPB with control or spinal analgesia.

Results
Nine RCTs were included of which three compared ESPB with spinal analgesia. 24-hour opioid consumption did not differ significantly between ESPB vs. control (MD: -35.25 95% CI: -77.01, 6.52 I2 = 99%) or ESPB vs. spinal analgesia (MD: 2.32 95% CI: -6.12, 10.77 I2 = 91%). Comparing pain scores between ESPB and control, a small but significant effect favoring ESPB was noted at 12 h and 48 h, but not at 6–8 h and 24 h. Pain scores did not differ between ESPB and spinal analgesia. The risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting was also not significantly different between ESPB vs. control or spinal analgesia. GRADE assessment shows moderate certainty of evidence.

Conclusion
ESPB may not provide any significant postoperative analgesia in liver surgery patients. There was a tendency of reduced opioid consumption with ESPB. Limited data also showed that ESPB and spinal analgesia had no difference in pain scores and 24-hour analgesic consumption.
Factors associated with patient activation among patients with diabetes on hemodialysis: a multicenter cross-sectional study from a developing country
Authors: Zeidalkilani Jehad M. , Milhem Yazan A. , Shorafa Reem N. , Taha Sari , Koni Amer A. , Al-Jabi Samah W. , Zyoud Sa’ed H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health concern with considerable morbidity and mortality. DM affects patients’ quality of life and can lead to multiple complications, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the need for dialysis. Higher patient activation can improve health outcomes in hemodialysis patients with DM. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with higher patient activation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hemodialysis patients with DM.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted on hemodialysis patients with DM in Palestine. The quota sampling method was utilized to draw samples from six dialysis centers. The questionnaire consists of three sections. The first section includes demographic, socioeconomic and clinical questions. The second section utilizes the patient activation measure-13 (PAM-13) to measure patient activation, while the third section assesses HRQoL using the EQ-5D-5 L tool and the visual analog scale (VAS). Mann‒Whitney and Kruskal‒Wallis tests were employed to examine the relationships between variables at the bivariate level, and multiple regression analysis was employed at the multivariate level.

Results
Of the 200 patients who were approached, 158 were included. The median PAM, EQ-5D index, and VAS score were low at 51.0, 0.58, and 60.0, respectively. A higher PAM score was independently associated with a higher household income level and taking medications independently. A higher EQ-5D index was associated with taking more than eight medications, taking medications independently, living with fewer than three comorbid conditions, and having a higher PAM. A higher VAS score was associated with being married, and receiving less than 3.5 hours of hemodialysis.

Conclusions
A higher patient activation level was associated with a higher income level and independence in taking medications. Interventions designed to improve patient activation, such as medication management programs, should address these factors among the target population. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the time effect and direction of causation between health status and patient activation.