bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Chalcoxides (ChalcoPolyoxometalates): A Family of Functional Materials with Emergent Properties
Authors: Miras Haralampos N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMolecular chalcoxides (chalcoPOMs; POMs=polyoxometalates), a recently discovered new family of compounds with well‐defined building block attributes, are discussed in terms of developing new functional materials. This is because the combination of sulfur‐containing metallo‐dimers with highly condensed metallo‐oxo units allows the assembly of new clusters with hybrid properties intermediate between those of polyoxometalates and chalcogenides. Moreover, the prospect that the molecular chalcoxides could be excellent new models for a better understanding of chalcogenide’s functionality, as well as promising candidates for the development of new functional molecule‐based or composite nanomaterials, is proposed. The concepts that support my aim for further development of the new family of molecular chalcoxides as functional materials and my vision for their potential implications in the materials chemistry are discussed.
Self‐Assembly of Pyridinium‐Functionalized Anthracenes: Molecular‐Skeleton‐Directed Formation of Microsheets and Microtubes
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Peiyi , Lin Yuan , Zhang Jidong , Smith Mark , Pellechia Perry J. , Yang Song , Song Baoan , Wang Qian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo amphiphilic regioisomers, 9‐AP (1‐[11‐(9‐anthracenylmethoxy)‐11‐oxoundecyl]pyridinium bromide), and 2‐AP (1‐[11‐(2‐anthracenyl methoxy)‐11‐oxoundecyl]pyridinium bromide), were synthesized and their assembly behaviors were studied. Due to the anisotropic features of the anthracene structure, different substituted positions on the anthracene ring lead 9‐AP and 2‐AP to adapt “shaver” and “spatula”‐like molecular shapes, respectively, which consequently dictate the structure of their final assemblies. While “shaver”‐shaped 9‐AP assembled into microsheets, driven by π–π interactions, “spatula”‐shaped 2‐AP assembled into microtubular structures, promoted primarily by charge‐transfer interactions.
Neutrons for Mineral Processing – Thermo Diffractometry to Investigate Mineral Selective Magnetizing Flash Roasting
Authors: Boehm Andreas , Boehm Martin , Kogelbauer Armin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMineral selective magnetizing flash roasting in oxidizing atmosphere was tested successfully for the improved low intensity magnetic separation of siderite from ankerite and other gangue minerals within ore. The magnetization process was simulated with particle bed tests permeated with artificial combustion gas. The phase transition and the gas composition were measured simultaneously during temperature and time‐dependent neutron diffraction experiments. The physical background of the rapid phase transition and the nature of the SO2 absorption are discussed. Apart from the scientific background, the effects on the process technique are outlined.
Effect of food on the oral bioavailability of amlodipine/valsartan and amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed dose combination tablets in healthy subjects
Authors: Sunkara Gangadhar , Jiang Xuemin , Reynolds Christine , Serra Denise , Zhang Yiming , Ligueros‐Saylan Monica , Ayalasomayajula Surya , Winter Serge , Jarugula Venkateswar 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA double fixed dose combination of amlodipine/valsartan and triple fixed dose combination of amlodipine/valsartan/HCTZ tablets have been developed to treat patients with moderate‐to‐severe hypertension. Here, we present the effect of food on the oral bioavailability of these two fixed dose combination tablets from two separate clinical studies in healthy subjects. Single oral doses of amlodipine/valsartan (10/160 mg) and amlodipine/valsartan/HCTZ (10/320/25 mg were administered under fasted or fed conditions. Blood samples were collected in both studies to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of amlodipine, valsartan, and/or HCTZ using non‐compartmental analysis. Following amlodipine/valsartan administration, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs, 90% CI) of AUC0–∞ and Cmax were 1.09 (1.05–1.13) and 1.03 (0.97–1.09) for amlodipine, and 0.94 (0.81–1.10) and 0.86 (0.73–1.02) for valsartan, respectively. Following amlodipine/valsartan/HCTZ administration, the GMRs (90%CI) of AUC0‐∞ and Cmax were 1.09 (1.04–1.15) and 1.11 (1.05–1.08) for amlodipine, 1.14 (0.99–1.31) and 1.12 (0.98–1.29) for valsartan, and 1.09 (1.02–1.16) and 0.86 (0.79–0.93) for HCTZ, respectively. Considering the sample size and pharmacokinetic variability associated with analytes, these study results indicate that food effect is minimal or none when fixed dose combination tablets are administered with food. In conclusion, both fixed dose combination tablets can be administered without regards to meals.
Characteristic Spectral Patterns in the Carbon‐13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Hexagonal and Crenellated Graphene Fragments
Authors: Özcan Nergiz , Vähäkangas Jarkko , Lantto Perttu , Vaara Juha 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an important molecular characterisation method that may aid the synthesis and production of graphenes, especially the molecular‐scale graphene nanoislands that have gathered significant attention due to their potential electronic and optical applications. Herein, carbon‐13 NMR chemical shifts were calculated using density functional theory methods for finite, increasing‐size fragments of graphene, hydrogenated graphene (graphane) and fluorinated graphene (fluorographene). Both concentric hexagon‐shaped (zigzag boundary) and crenellated (armchair) fragments were investigated to gain information on the effect of different types of flake boundaries. Convergence trends of the 13C chemical shift with respect to increasing fragment size and the boundary effects were found and rationalised in terms of low‐lying electronically excited states. The results predict characteristic behaviour in the 13C NMR spectra. Particular attention was paid to the features of the signals arising from the central carbon atoms of the fragments, for graphene and crenellated graphene on the one hand and graphane and fluorographene on the other hand, to aid the interpretation of the overall spectral characteristics. In graphene, the central nuclei become more shielded as the system size increases whereas the opposite behaviour is observed for graphane and fluorographene. The 13C signals from some of the perimeter nuclei of the crenellated fragments obtain smaller and larger chemical shift values than central nuclei for graphene and graphane/fluorographene, respectively. The diameter of the graphenic quantum dots with zigzag boundary correlates well with the predicted carbon‐13 chemical shift range, thus enabling estimation of the size of the system by NMR spectroscopy. The results provide data of predictive quality for future NMR analysis of the graphene nanoflake materials.
The Development of a Measure of Confidence in Delivering Therapy to People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Dagnan Dave , Masson John , Cavagin Amy , Thwaites Richard , Hatton Chris 
Published: May 2014

Current policy in UK health services emphasizes that, where possible, people with intellectual disabilities should access the same services as people without intellectual disabilities. One of the barriers to this is the confidence of clinicians and therapists. In this paper, we report on the development of a scale to describe the confidence of therapists in working with people with intellectual disabilities (the Therapy Confidence Scale–Intellectual Disabilities [TCS‐ID]). One‐hundred and eighty‐one therapists who provided talking therapies but who did not work primarily with people with intellectual disabilities completed the scale; 43 people completed the scale twice for test–retest reliability purposes. One‐hundred and seven people also completed a scale of general therapy self‐efficacy. The TCS‐ID has a single factor structure accounting for 62% of the variance, Cronbach's alpha for the scale is 0.93 and test–retest reliability is 0.83. There are significant differences in confidence based upon participants experience in working with people with intellectual disabilities and their therapeutic orientation, and there is a significant association between the TCS‐ID and the General Therapy Self‐efficacy Scale. Sixty clinicians working in mainstream mental health services received training on adapting their therapeutic approaches to meet the needs of people with intellectual disabilities. The TCS‐ID was used pre‐training and post‐training and demonstrated a significant increase in confidence for all group. We suggest that the scale has good psychometric properties and can be used to develop an understanding of the impact of training for mainstream therapist in working with people with intellectual disabilities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

There is increasing emphasis on people with intellectual disabilities receiving services from mainstream mental health services.
There is no research describing the experiences and outcomes of people with intellectual disabilities receiving mainstream talking therapy services.
The confidence that clinicians have in working with people with intellectual disabilities may be a barrier to them receiving mainstream services.
The Therapy Confidence Scale–Intellectual Disabilities is a psychometrically sound scale for measuring the confidence of therapists in working with people with intellectual disabilities and is a useful outcome measure for training clinicians to work with people with intellectual disabilities.
Mapping nutrient resorption efficiencies of subarctic cryptogams and seed plants onto the Tree of Life
Authors: Lang Simone I. , Aerts Rien , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Schweikert Wenka , Klahn Thorsten , Quested Helen M. , van Hal Jurgen R. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNutrient resorption from senescing photosynthetic organs is a powerful mechanism for conserving nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in infertile environments. Evolution has resulted in enhanced differentiation of conducting tissues to facilitate transport of photosynthate to other plant parts, ultimately leading to phloem. Such tissues may also serve to translocate N and P to other plant parts upon their senescence. Therefore, we hypothesize that nutrient resorption efficiency (RE, % of nutrient pool exported) should correspond with the degree of specialization of these conducting tissues across the autotrophic branches of the Tree of Life. To test this hypothesis, we had to compare members of different plant clades and lichens within a climatic region, to minimize confounding effects of climatic drivers on nutrient resorption. Thus, we compared RE among wide‐ranging basal clades from the principally N‐limited subarctic region, employing a novel method to correct for mass loss during senescence. Even with the limited numbers of species available for certain clades in this region, we found some consistent patterns. Mosses, lichens, and lycophytes generally showed low REN (<20%), liverworts and conifers intermediate (40%) and monilophytes, eudicots, and monocots high (>70%). REP appeared higher in eudicots and liverworts than in mosses. Within mosses, taxa with more efficient conductance also showed higher REN. The differences in REN among clades broadly matched the degree of specialization of conducting tissues. This novel mapping of a physiological process onto the Tree of Life broadly supports the idea that the evolution of conducting tissues toward specialized phloem has aided land plants to optimize their internal nitrogen recycling. The generality of evolutionary lines in conducting tissues and nutrient resorption efficiency needs to be tested across different floras in different climatic regions with different levels of N versus P availability.
Burden of new hospitalization for heart failure: a population‐based investigation from Italy
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Ghirardi Arianna , Ibrahim Buthaina , Merlino Luca , Maggioni Aldo Pietro 
Published: May 2014

AimsHeart failure has been described as one of the emerging pandemics of the 21st century. This report aims to measure the burden of new hospitalization for heart failure in the population of an Italian region of nearly 10 million inhabitants.Methods and resultsData were retrieved from healthcare utilization databases covering the population of the Italian region of Lombardy. We identified patients who were hospitalized for the first time with a primary diagnosis of heart failure (hospitalized heart failure, HHF) during 2011. Incident HHF cases were used for measuring incidence rates and exploring mortality, re‐hospitalizations, and healthcare costs on the 1‐year time horizon after the index hospitalization. Out‐of‐hospital mortality, hospitalizations, and healthcare costs were also measured in a referent cohort free from heart failure hospitalization and matched 1:1 by gender and age with the HHF cohort. The overall HHF incidence rate was 32 and 20 events per 10 000 person‐years in men and women, respectively. The incidence increased steeply with age in both genders. Among newly hospitalized patients, 7% died during hospitalization. Among survivors, cumulative out‐of‐hospital mortality and hospital readmission were 24% and 59%, respectively. The average per capita cost was €11 000, the main cost being hospitalizations. Mortality, readmissions, and costs experienced by HHF patients of 88, 75, and 79%, respectively, exceeded those of the referent cohort.ConclusionsThe main burden associated with HHF is related to hospitalizations. Effective treatment options that decrease hospitalization rates could reduce patients' suffering and offer considerable cost savings.
Brocaeloids A–C, 4‐Oxoquinoline and Indole Alkaloids with C‐2 Reversed Prenylation from the Mangrove‐Derived Endophytic Fungus Penicillium brocae
Authors: Zhang Peng , Meng Ling‐Hong , Mándi Attila , Kurtán Tibor , Li Xiao‐Ming , Liu Yang , Li Xin , Li Chun‐Shun , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThree new alkaloids, brocaeloids A–C (1–3), containing C‐2 reversed prenylation, were isolated from cultures of Penicillium brocae MA‐192, an endophytic fungus obtained from the fresh leaves of the marine mangrove plant Avicennia marina. Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of brocaeloid A (1) was established by gas‐phase and solution conformational analysis and TDDFT‐ECD calculations, which revealed that the fused hetero‐ring adopted M‐helicity conformation with axial orientation of the C‐2 and C‐3 substituents. The correct assignment of the hetero‐ring conformation was found to be crucial in determining the relative and absolute configuration. Based on ECD calculations, the helicity of the 2,3‐dihydroquinoline‐4(1H)‐one chromophore was correlated with the characteristic ECD transitions, and the resultant helicity rule was found to coincide with that of the chroman‐4‐one chromophore. X‐ray single‐crystal analysis of 1 by Cu‐Kα radiation also confirmed the result of the stereochemical analysis obtained from ECD calculations. Brocaeloid B (2) showed lethality against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) with an LD50 value of 36.7 μM.
Synthesis of Lupane‐Type Saponins Containing an Unusual α‐D‐Idopyranoside Fragment as Potent Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Cmoch Piotr , Korda Anna , Rárová Lucie , Oklešt'ková Jana , Strnad Miroslav , Gwardiak Katarzyna , Karczewski Romuald , Pakulski Zbigniew 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA practical method for the preparation of benzoyl protected allyl and benzyl α‐D‐idopyranosides, and D‐idopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate, from 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐acetyl‐α‐D‐idopyranose, is described. All derivatives can be prepared on a multigram scale and require only simple chromatographic purification. A concise synthesis of lupane triterpenes bearing an unusual D‐idopyranoside fragment is described. All new compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities. Novel saponins exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity in the micromolar range against human cancer cell lines including T‐lymphoblastic leukemia CEM, breast adenocarcinoma MCF7, and cervical carcinoma HeLa, but also against normal human fibroblasts BJ.
Exploring the Reactivity of Chiral Glycidic Amides for Their Applications in Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Sarabia Francisco , Vivar‐García Carlos , García‐Ruiz Cristina , Sánchez‐Ruiz Antonio , Pino‐González María Soledad , García‐Castro Miguel , Chammaa Samy 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new class of chiral sulfonium salts, derived from L‐ and D‐methionine, has been designed and successfully employed in our laboratories for the diastereoselective synthesis of glycidic amides. The epoxy amides obtained were converted cleanly into 1,2‐difunctionalized products through oxirane ring‐opening reactions with different types of nucleophiles. The resulting ring‐opened products represent valuable and useful building blocks for the synthesis of different bioactive products. Thus, the expedient synthesis of clavaminol H as well as the synthesis of key precursors for other bioactive compounds, for example, polyketide‐derived natural products, have been achieved, demonstrating the synthetic efficiency and utility of this chemistry.
Interleukin‐18 produced by bone marrow‐derived stromal cells supports T‐cell acute leukaemia progression
Authors: Uzan Benjamin , Poglio Sandrine , Gerby Bastien , Wu Ching‐Lien , Gross Julia , Armstrong Florence , Calvo Julien , Cahu Xavier , Deswarte Caroline , Dumont Florent , Passaro Diana , Besnard‐Guérin Corinne , Leblanc Thierry , Baruchel André , Landman‐Parker Judith , Ballerini Paola , Baud Véronique , Ghysdael Jacques , Baleydier Frédéric , Porteu Francoise , Pflumio Francoise 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDevelopment of novel therapies is critical for T‐cell acute leukaemia (T‐ALL). Here, we investigated the effect of inhibiting the MAPK/MEK/ERK pathway on T‐ALL cell growth. Unexpectedly, MEK inhibitors (MEKi) enhanced growth of 70% of human T‐ALL cell samples cultured on stromal cells independently of NOTCH activation and maintained their ability to propagate in vivo. Similar results were obtained when T‐ALL cells were cultured with ERK1/2‐knockdown stromal cells or with conditioned medium from MEKi‐treated stromal cells. Microarray analysis identified interleukin 18 (IL‐18) as transcriptionally up‐regulated in MEKi‐treated MS5 cells. Recombinant IL‐18 promoted T‐ALL growth in vitro, whereas the loss of function of IL‐18 receptor in T‐ALL blast cells decreased blast proliferation in vitro and in NSG mice. The NFKB pathway that is downstream to IL‐18R was activated by IL‐18 in blast cells. IL‐18 circulating levels were increased in T‐ALL‐xenografted mice and also in T‐ALL patients in comparison with controls. This study uncovers a novel role of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐18 and outlines the microenvironment involvement in human T‐ALL development.
Set‐Shifting and its Relation to Clinical and Personality Variables in Full Recovery of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lindner Susanne E. , Fichter Manfred M. , Quadflieg Norbert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveFirst, this study aimed to explore whether set‐shifting is inefficient after full recovery of anorexia nervosa (recAN). Second, this study wanted to explore the relation of set‐shifting to clinical and personality variables.MethodA total of 100 recAN women were compared with 100 healthy women. Set‐shifting was assessed with Berg's Card Sorting Test. Expert interviews yielded assessments for the inclusion/exclusion criteria, self‐ratings for clinical and personality variables.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, the recAN participants achieved fewer categories, showed more perseverations and spent less time for shifting set. Perfectionism is correlated with set‐shifting but in converse directions in the two groups.DiscussionOur study supports the findings of inefficiencies in set‐shifting after full recovery from AN. Higher perfectionism in the recAN group is associated with better set‐shifting ability, whereas higher perfectionism in the healthy control group is related to worse set‐shifting ability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Reward anticipation in the adolescent and aging brain
Authors: Lorenz Robert C. , Gleich Tobias , Beck Anne , Pöhland Lydia , Raufelder Diana , Sommer Werner , Rapp Michael A. , Kühn Simone , Gallinat Jürgen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractProcessing of reward is the basis of adaptive behavior of the human being. Neural correlates of reward processing seem to be influenced by developmental changes from adolescence to late adulthood. The aim of this study is to uncover these neural correlates during a slot machine gambling task across the lifespan. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate 102 volunteers in three different age groups: 34 adolescents, 34 younger adults, and 34 older adults. We focused on the core reward areas ventral striatum (VS) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), the valence processing associated areas, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula, as well as information integration associated areas, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Results showed that VS and VMPFC were characterized by a hyperactivation in adolescents compared with younger adults. Furthermore, the ACC and insula were characterized by a U‐shape pattern (hypoactivation in younger adults compared with adolescents and older adults), whereas the DLPFC and IPL were characterized by a J‐shaped form (hyperactivation in older adults compared with younger groups). Furthermore, a functional connectivity analysis revealed an elevated negative functional coupling between the inhibition‐related area rIFG and VS in younger adults compared with adolescents. Results indicate that lifespan‐related changes during reward anticipation are characterized by different trajectories in different reward network modules and support the hypothesis of an imbalance in maturation of striatal and prefrontal cortex in adolescents. Furthermore, these results suggest compensatory age‐specific effects in fronto‐parietal regions. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5153–5165, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Otoconia‐deficient mice show selective spatial deficits
Authors: Yoder Ryan M. , Kirby Seth L. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe vestibular system contributes to the performance of various spatial memory tasks, but few studies have attempted to disambiguate the roles of the semicircular canals and otolith organs in this performance. This study tested the otolithic contribution to spatial working and reference memory by evaluating the performance of otoconia‐deficient tilted mice on a radial arm maze and a Barnes maze. One radial arm maze task provided both intramaze and extramaze cues, whereas the other task provided only extramaze cues. The Barnes maze task provided only extramaze cues. On the radial arm maze, tilted mice performed similar to control mice when intramaze cues were available, but committed more working and reference memory errors than control mice when only extramaze cues were available. On the Barnes maze task, control and tilted mice showed similar latency, distance, and errors during acquisition training. On the subsequent probe trial, both groups spent the greatest percentage of time in the goal quadrant, indicating they were able to use extramaze cues to guide their search. Overall, these results suggest signals originating in the otolith organs contribute to spatial memory, but are not necessary for all aspects of spatial performance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.