bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of spray formulation component variables to foliar uptake of agrichemicals
Authors: Forster W Alison , Kimberley Mark O 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the present study was to determine the contribution of the active ingredient (AI) and surfactant, and their concentrations, to the foliar uptake of agrichemicals, and to examine the physical properties that would need to be included in a model for foliar uptake.RESULTSAll spray formulation component variables significantly affected uptake, explaining 73% of the deviance. The deviance explained by each factor ranged from 43% (AI concentration nested within AI) to 5.6% (surfactant). The only significant interaction was between AI and surfactant, explaining 15.8% of the deviance. Overall, 90% of the deviance could be explained by the variables and their first‐order interactions.CONCLUSIONSUptake increased with increasing lipophilicity of the AI at concentrations below those causing precipitation on the leaf surface. AI concentration had a far greater (negative) effect on the uptake of the lipophilic molecule epoxiconazole. The uptake of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (DOG) and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) increased with increasing hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) of the surfactant, the effect of HLB being far greater on the hydrophilic molecule DOG. However, the differences observed in epoxiconazole uptake owing to the surfactant were strongly positively related to the spread area of the formulation on the leaf surface. For all AIs, uptake increased in a similar manner with increasing molar surfactant concentration. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
High Density Lipoprotein Level is Negatively Associated With the Increase of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Lipids After a Fatty Meal
Authors: Tiainen Sanna , Ahotupa Markku , Ylinen Petteri , Vasankari Tommi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecent reports show that a fatty meal can substantially increase the concentration of oxidized lipids in low density lipoprotein (LDL). Knowing the LDL‐specific antioxidant effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL), we aimed to investigate whether HDL can modify the postprandial oxidative stress after a fatty meal. Subjects of the study (n = 71) consumed a test meal (a standard hamburger meal) rich in lipid peroxides, and blood samples were taken before, 120, 240, and 360 min after the meal. The study subjects were divided into four subgroups according to the pre‐meal HDL cholesterol value (HDL subgroup 1, 0.66–0.91; subgroup 2, 0.93–1.13; subgroup 3, 1.16–1.35; subgroup 4, 1.40–2.65 mmol/L). The test meal induced a marked postprandial increase in the concentration of oxidized LDL lipids in all four subgroups. The pre‐meal HDL level was associated with the extent of the postprandial rise in oxidized LDL lipids. From baseline to 6 h after the meal, the concentration of ox‐LDL increased by 48, 31, 24, and 16 % in the HDL subgroup 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the increase was higher in subgroup 1 compared to subgroup 3 (p = 0.028) and subgroup 4 (p = 0.0081), respectively. The pre‐meal HDL correlated with both the amount and the rate of increase of oxidized LDL lipids. Results of the present study show that HDL is associated with the postprandial appearance of lipid peroxides in LDL. It is therefore likely that the sequestration and transport of atherogenic lipid peroxides is another significant mechanism contributing to cardioprotection by HDL.
On the modulating effect of three-dimensional instabilities in open cavity flows
Authors: Basley J. , Pastur L. R. , Lusseyran F. , Soria J. , Delprat N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOpen cavity flows are known to select and enhance locked-on modes or tones. High-energy self-sustained oscillations arise within the shear layer, impinging onto the trailing edge of the cavity. These self-sustained oscillations are subject to amplitude modulations (AMs) at multiple low frequencies. However, only a few studies have addressed the identification of the lowest modulating frequencies. The present work brings to light salient AMs of the shear layer waves and identifies their source as three-dimensional dynamics existing inside the cavity. Indeed, the recirculating inner flow gives rise to centrifugal instabilities, which entail broad-band frequencies down two orders of magnitude lower than those of the self-sustained oscillations. Using time-resolved PIV (TRPIV) in two planes, the nonlinearly saturated dynamics is analysed in both space and time by means of proper orthogonal decomposition, global Fourier decomposition and Hilbert–Huang transforms. The inner flow can be decomposed as three-dimensional waves carried by the main recirculation. Bicoherence distributions are computed to highlight the nonlinear interactions between these spanwise-travelling waves inside the cavity and the locked-on modes. The modulated envelope of the shear layer oscillations is extracted and investigated with regards to the inner-flow dynamics. Strong cross-correlations, in time rather than in space, reveal a global coupling mechanism, possibly related to the beating of the spanwise-travelling waves.
Assessment of decisional capacity: Prevalence of medical illness and psychiatric comorbidities
Authors: Boettger Susanne , Bergman Meredith , Jenewein Josef , Boettger Soenke 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:Studies on decisional capacity have primarily focused on cognitive disorders, whereas noncognitive disorders remain understudied. The purpose of our study was to assess decisional capacity across a wide spectrum of medical and psychiatric disorders.Method:More than 2,500 consecutive consults were screened for decisional capacity, and 336 consults were reviewed at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York. Sociodemographic and medical variables, medical and psychiatric diagnoses, as well as decisional capacity assessments were recorded and analyzed.Results:Consults for decisional capacity were most commonly called for in male patients with cognitive and substance abuse disorders. Less commonly, consults were called for patients with mood or psychotic disorders. Overall, about two thirds of patients (64.7%) were deemed not to have decisional capacity. Among medical diagnoses, neurological disorders contributed to decisional incapacity, and among the psychiatric diagnoses, cognitive disorders were most frequently documented in cases lacking decisional capacity (54.1%) and interfered more commonly with decisional capacity than substance abuse or psychotic disorders (37.2 and 25%). In contrast, patients with mood disorders usually retained their decisional capacity (32%). Generally, the primary treatment team's assessment was accurate and was confirmed by the psychiatric service.Significance of results:Although decisional capacity assessments were most commonly requested for patients with substance abuse and cognitive disorders, the latter generally affected the ability to make healthcare decisions the most. Further, cognitive disorders were much more likely to impair the ability to make appropriate healthcare decisions than substance abuse or psychotic disorders.
A review on how meditation could be used to comfort the terminally ill
Authors: Ball Michael Stephen , Vernon Bryan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:Our objective was to review how meditation could comfort the terminally ill.Method:Our methodology was a literature search, which included books, journals, papers in collections, and online databases. The main search engines employed were Google Scholar and the Durham University Library. The main databases consulted were the Christian Meditation Centre, Project Meditation, and Stress-Related Facts and Well-Being at Monash. We were specifically interested in data acquired from clinical and nonclinical trials. The arguments needed to be based on qualitative and quantitative scientific data. Papers were published between 1985 and 2014. We then subdivided the review into three subcategories: physical, emotional, and self-awareness. When reviewing each category, we put our results into tabular form. In each table, we noted the percentage of terminally ill patients (TIPs) and non-terminally ill patients (NTIPs), and whether meditation had comforted them.Results:Our review demonstrated that there are many areas that have yet to be researched. First, very little work has been done on how meditation affects the physical health of TIPs, including such variables as blood pressure, chronic pain, and sleeping patterns. However, no research has been done on heart disease, hypertension, depression, among others. Second, virtually no research has been conducted on how meditation affects the mental health of TIPs. Notably neglected areas include anxiety, compliance, depression, and stress. Third, no research has been done on whether meditation increases self-awareness in TIPs. In each of these cases, most NTIPs reacted positively; however, no research has been done on why TIPs reacted differently.Significance of Results:Our results demonstrate the need for further research on how meditation affects terminally ill patients. In turn, this would enrich the debate on whether meditation should be prescribed for the dying.
microRNA-320/RUNX2 axis regulates adipocytic differentiation of human mesenchymal (skeletal) stem cells
Authors: Hamam D , Ali D , Vishnubalaji R , Hamam R , Al-Nbaheen M , Chen L , Kassem M , Aldahmash A , Alajez N M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms promoting lineage-specific commitment of human mesenchymal (skeletal or stromal) stem cells (hMSCs) into adipocytes (ADs) are not fully understood. Thus, we performed global microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression profiling during adipocytic differentiation of hMSC, and utilized bioinformatics as well as functional and biochemical assays, and identified several novel miRNAs differentially expressed during adipogenesis. Among these, miR-320 family (miR-320a, 320b, 320c, 320d and 320e) were ~2.2–3.0-fold upregulated. Overexpression of miR-320c in hMSC enhanced adipocytic differentiation and accelerated formation of mature ADs inex vivocultures. Integrated analysis of bioinformatics and global gene expression profiling in miR-320c overexpressing cells and during adipocytic differentiation of hMSC identified several biologically relevant gene targets for miR-320c including RUNX2, MIB1 (mindbomb E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1), PAX6 (paired box 6), YWHAH and ZWILCH. siRNA-mediated silencing of those genes enhanced adipocytic differentiation of hMSC, thus corroborating an important role for those genes in miR-320c-mediated adipogenesis. Concordant with that, lentiviral-mediated stable expression of miR-320c at physiological levels (~1.5-fold) promoted adipocytic and suppressed osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. Luciferase assay validated RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) as a bona fide target for miR-320 family. Therefore, our data suggest miR-320 family as possible molecular switch promoting adipocytic differentiation of hMSC. Targeting miR-320 may have therapeutic potentialin vivothrough regulation of bone marrow adipogenesis.
Glutathione depletion sensitizes cisplatin- and temozolomide-resistant glioma cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Rocha C R R , Garcia C C M , Vieira D B , Quinet A , de Andrade-Lima L C , Munford V , Belizário J E , Menck C F M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMalignant glioma is a severe type of brain tumor with a poor prognosis and few options for therapy. The main chemotherapy protocol for this type of tumor is based on temozolomide (TMZ), albeit with limited success. Cisplatin is widely used to treat several types of tumor and, in association with TMZ, is also used to treat recurrent glioma. However, several mechanisms of cellular resistance to cisplatin restrict therapy efficiency. In that sense, enhanced DNA repair, high glutathione levels and functional p53 have a critical role on cisplatin resistance. In this work, we explored several mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in human glioma. We showed that cellular survival was independent of the p53 status of those cells. In addition, in a host-cell reactivation assay using cisplatin-treated plasmid, we did not detect any difference in DNA repair capacity. We demonstrated that cisplatin-treated U138MG cells suffered fewer DNA double-strand breaks and DNA platination. Interestingly, the resistant cells carried higher levels of intracellular glutathione. Thus, preincubation with the glutathione inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) induced massive cell death, whereas N-acetyl cysteine, a precursor of glutathione synthesis, improved the resistance to cisplatin treatment. In addition, BSO sensitized glioma cells to TMZ alone or in combination with cisplatin. Furthermore, using an in vivo model the combination of BSO, cisplatin and TMZ activated the caspase 3–7 apoptotic pathway. Remarkably, the combined treatment did not lead to severe side effects, while causing a huge impact on tumor progression. In fact, we noted a remarkable threefold increase in survival rate compared with other treatment regimens. Thus, the intracellular glutathione concentration is a potential molecular marker for cisplatin resistance in glioma, and the use of glutathione inhibitors, such as BSO, in association with cisplatin and TMZ seems a promising approach for the therapy of such devastating tumors.
Coherence improvement in dispersion‐tuned swept laser by pulse modulation
Authors: Nagai H. , Yamashita S. 
Published: October 2014

The dispersion‐tuned swept laser (DTSL) is a fast and wideband swept source applicable in swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT). However, it suffers from coherence degradation at high sweep rates. The coherence in the DTSL, which can be improved by pulse modulation in place of sinusoidal modulation, is demonstrated. A coherence length of 8 mm is obtained at a sweep rate of 50 kHz using 100 ps pulse modulation.
Printed triple‐band circularly polarised antenna for wireless systems
Authors: Bao X.L. , Ammann M.J. 
Published: October 2014

A triple‐band circularly polarised microstrip patch antenna operating in the 2.4, 3.5 and 5.7 GHz bands is presented. The antenna consists of two substrate layers with an electromagnetically coupled low‐band patch in the middle layer and a probe‐fed dual‐band patch on the top layer. The impedance bandwidths (voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2.5) for the three frequency bands are 112, 118 and 427 MHz with 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidths of 15, 44 and 36 MHz, respectively. The peak gains across the operating bands are 4.2, 5.5 and 4 dBic, respectively.
Structural basis and distal effects of Gag substrate coevolution in drug resistance to HIV-1 protease
Authors: Özen Ayşegül , Lin Kuan-Hung , Kurt Yilmaz Nese , Schiffer Celia A. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Drug resistance is a major health problem, especially in quickly evolving disease targets including HIV-1 protease. Treatment regimens including HIV-1 protease inhibitors select for viral variants carrying mutations both in the protease and the substrates to confer drug resistance. We report the molecular mechanisms of this protease–substrate coevolution based on complex crystal structures of protease–substrate variants, complemented with molecular dynamics simulations. Specific interactions with I50V/A71V protease are observed to be lost or formed in response to coevolution mutations in the p1-p6 substrate cleavage site. Our structural analysis provides insights into how coevolution in HIV-1 may contribute to thwarting the effectiveness of available drug regimens.
Singing Communities
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chapter 7 investigates the world of natural-voice-style community choirs, set within the broader context of amateur choirs and choral singing, both contemporary and historical, and of more generic considerations of the ways in which singing may be construed in relation to happiness, health, and wellbeing. Particular attention is paid to notions of community and to the ways in which personal rewards intersect with social impact. The discussion here includes short, contrasting case studies of Bangor Community Choir and the London Georgian choir Maspindzeli. The chapter further explores the dynamics of performance and offers an overview of the varied locations and settings in which community choirs may share their repertoire with the wider community. Additional short case studies include Cambridge’s Good Vibrations choir and its engagement with asylum seekers at Oakington Immigration Reception Centre.
Atom–atom scattering
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Atom–atom scattering, as outlined by Ford and Wheeler, was the stimulus for later semiclassical advances. The equation, χ(E,l)=2(∂η/∂l), linking the classical deflection function to the derivative of the phase shift, is central to the theory. The physical origins of diffraction and rainbow oscillations in the angular scattering distributions and glory oscillations in the integral cross-section are described. Uniform approximations eliminate spurious primitive semiclassical singularities. Symmetry oscillations in light atom He/He cross-section are shown to provide direct information on the s-wave phase shift, η0 = (E) Extensions to electronically non-adiabatic scattering show how Stückelberg oscillations in the transition amplitude carry over to corresponding oscillations in the angular scattering intensity.
A Longer Road to Adulthood
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of emerging adulthood as a new stage of the life span between adolescence and young adulthood, lasting from the late teens through the twenties. The historical origins of emerging adulthood are explored, focusing on Four Revolutions in the 1960s and 1970s that laid the foundation for the world as we know it today, including the new life stage of emerging adulthood: the Technology Revolution, the Sexual Revolution, the Women’s Movement, and the Youth Movement. Emerging adulthood is described in terms of five distinctive features: identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and possibilities/optimism. Reasons are presented for why previous terms for the years 18–29 are inadequate (e.g., “late adolescence,” “youth”). Then the cultural context of emerging adulthood is described, with an emphasis on how it exists across developed countries but is not common in developing countries except among the small but growing urban middle class.
Characterization of structural variants with single molecule and hybrid sequencing approaches
Authors: Ritz Anna , Bashir Ali , Sindi Suzanne , Hsu David , Hajirasouliha Iman , Raphael Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Motivation : Structural variation is common in human and cancer genomes. High-throughput DNA sequencing has enabled genome-scale surveys of structural variation. However, the short reads produced by these technologies limit the study of complex variants, particularly those involving repetitive regions. Recent ‘third-generation’ sequencing technologies provide single-molecule templates and longer sequencing reads, but at the cost of higher per-nucleotide error rates.
Results : We present MultiBreak-SV, an algorithm to detect structural variants (SVs) from single molecule sequencing data, paired read sequencing data, or a combination of sequencing data from different platforms. We demonstrate that combining low-coverage third-generation data from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) with high-coverage paired read data is advantageous on simulated chromosomes. We apply MultiBreak-SV to PacBio data from four human fosmids and show that it detects known SVs with high sensitivity and specificity. Finally, we perform a whole-genome analysis on PacBio data from a complete hydatidiform mole cell line and predict 1002 high-probability SVs, over half of which are confirmed by an Illumina-based assembly.
Availability and implementation : MultiBreak-SV is available at http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/software/ .
Contact : annaritz@vt.edu or braphael@cs.brown.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
WebPSN: a web server for high-throughput investigation of structural communication in biomacromolecules
Authors: Seeber Michele , Felline Angelo , Raimondi Francesco , Mariani Simona , Fanelli Francesca 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Summary: We developed a mixed Protein Structure Network (PSN) and Elastic Network Model-Normal Mode Analysis (ENM-NMA)-based strategy (i.e. PSN-ENM) to investigate structural communication in biomacromolecules. The approach starts from a Protein Structure Graph and searches for all shortest communication pathways between user-specified residues. The graph is computed on a single preferably high-resolution structure. Information on system’s dynamics is supplied by ENM-NMA.
The PSN–ENM methodology is made of multiple steps both in the setup and analysis stages, which may discourage inexperienced users. To facilitate its usage, we implemented WebPSN, a freely available web server that allows the user to easily setup the calculation, perform post-processing analyses and both visualize and download numerical and 3D representations of the output. Speed and accuracy make this server suitable to investigate structural communication, including allosterism, in large sets of bio-macromolecular systems.
Availability and implementation: The WebPSN server is freely available at http://webpsn.hpc.unimore.it.
Contact: fanelli@unimo.it
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Proteolytic andN-Glycan Processing of Humanα1-Antitrypsin Expressed inNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Castilho Alexandra , Windwarder Markus , Gattinger Pia , Mach Lukas , Strasser Richard , Altmann Friedrich , Steinkellner Herta 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlants are increasingly being used as an expression system for complex recombinant proteins. However, our limited knowledge of the intrinsic factors that act along the secretory pathway, which may compromise product integrity, renders process design difficult in some cases. Here, we pursued the recombinant expression of the human protease inhibitor α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in Nicotiana benthamiana. This serum protein undergoes intensive posttranslational modifications. Unusually high levels of recombinant A1AT were expressed in leaves (up to 6 mg g−1 of leaf material) in two forms: full-length A1AT located in the endoplasmic reticulum displaying inhibitory activity, and secreted A1AT processed in the reactive center loop, thus rendering it unable to interact with target proteinases. We found that the terminal protein processing is most likely a consequence of the intrinsic function of A1AT (i.e. its interaction with proteases [most likely serine proteases] along the secretory pathway). Secreted A1AT carried vacuolar-type paucimannosidic N-glycans generated by the activity of hexosaminidases located in the apoplast/plasma membrane. Notwithstanding, an intensive glycoengineering approach led to secreted A1AT carrying sialylated N-glycan structures largely resembling its serum-derived counterpart. In summary, we elucidate unique insights in plant glycosylation processes and show important aspects of postendoplasmic reticulum protein processing in plants.