bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equations for converting scores between depression scales (MÅDRS, SRS, PHQ‐9 and BDI‐II): good statistical, but weak idiographic, validity
Authors: Hawley Chris J. , Gale Tim M. , Smith Paul St John , Jain Sanjay , Farag Ako , Kondan Raj , Avent Cerian , Graham Juliet 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundA variety of depression rating scales are currently used in clinical and research practice. As these scales are generally thought to correlate well, there may be some benefit in deriving equations to translate the score on one scale to that on another.MethodUsing pairwise ratings, we compared the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MÅDRS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and Zung Self Rated Scale (SRS). The primary comparisons of interest were as follows: PHQ‐9 and MÅDRS, PHQ‐9 and BDI‐II, SRS and MÅDRS, and SRS and PHQ‐9. One hundred and fifty pairs of ratings were collected for each of these four comparisons, and these were used in a regression analysis to generate a predictive equation between scale pairs. The predictive equations were then tested for accuracy by using novel data.ResultsThere was a reasonably strong correlation between scales. Simple regression equations describe the relationships between certain permutations of the BDI‐II, PHQ‐9, SRS and MÅDRS well enough to allow the score on one scale to be estimated from the score on another. On average, the equations work well. However, when used to predict individual cases, they often fail.ConclusionIt does appear that conversion equations for depression scores are precise enough to be of use when applied to averages; these might aid comparison of data across different studies, meta‐analysis or instrument selection for clinical trials. But regarding scale translation at the idiographic level, the variability we have observed is so great that severe doubt is cast on the validity of such an approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of an automated and GMP compliant FASTlab™ Synthesis of [18F]GE‐180; a radiotracer for imaging translocator protein (TSPO)
Authors: Wickstrøm Torild , Clarke Alan , Gausemel Ingvil , Horn Eric , Jørgensen Karina , Khan Imtiaz , Mantzilas Dimitrios , Rajanayagam Thanushan , In 't Veld Dirk‐Jan , Trigg William 
Published: October 2013

The level of the translocator protein (TSPO) increases dramatically in microglial cells when the cells are activated in response to neuronal injury and insult. The radiotracer [18F]GE‐180 binds selectively and with high affinity to TSPO and can therefore be used to measure neuroinflammation in a variety of disease states.An optimized, automated synthesis of [18F]GE‐180 has been developed for the GE FASTlab™ synthesizer. The entire process takes place on the single‐use cassette. The radiolabelling is performed by nucleophilic fluorination of the S‐ enantiomer mesylate precursor. The crude product is purified post‐radiolabelling using two solid‐phase extraction cartridges integrated on the cassette. Experimental design and multivariate data analysis were used to assess the robustness, and critical steps were optimized with respect to efficacy and quality.The average radiochemical yield is 48% (RSD 6%, non‐decay corrected), and the synthesis time including purification is approximately 43 min. The radiochemical purity is ≥95% for radioactive concentration ≤1100 MBq/mL. The total amount of precursor‐related chemical impurities is 1–2 µg/mL.The use of solid‐phase extraction purification results in a robust GMP compliant process with a product of high chemical and radiochemical purity and consistent performance across positron emission tomography (PET) centers.
Photonic‐on‐a‐chip: a thermal actuated Mach‐Zehnder interferometer and a molecular thermometer based on a single di‐ureasil organic‐inorganic hybrid
Authors: Ferreira Rute A. S. , Brites Carlos D S. , Vicente Carlos M. S. , Lima Patrícia P. , Bastos Ana R. N. , Marques Paulo G. , Hiltunen Marianne , Carlos Luis D. , André Paulo S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn integrated photonic‐on‐a‐chip device based on a single organic‐inorganic di‐ureasil hybrid was fabricated for optical waveguide and temperature sensing. The device is composed by a thermal actuated Mach‐Zehnder (MZ) interferometer operating with a switching power of 0.011 W and a maximum temperature difference between branches of 0.89 ºC. The MZ interferometer is covered by a Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped di‐ureasil luminescent molecular thermometer with a temperature uncertainty of 0.1ºC and a spatial resolution of 13 µm. This is an uncommon example in which the same material (an organic‐inorganic hybrid) that is used to fabricate a particular device (a thermal‐actuated MZ interferometer) is also used to measure one of the device intrinsic properties (the operating temperature). The photonic‐on‐a‐chip example discussed here can be applied to sense temperature gradients with high resolution (10−3 ºC·µm−1) in chip‐scale heat engines or refrigerators, magnetic nanocontacts and energy‐harvesting machines.
Emodin modulates epigenetic modifications and suppresses bladder carcinoma cell growth
Authors: Cha Tai‐Lung , Chuang Mei‐Jen , Tang Shou‐Hung , Wu Sheng‐Tang , Sun Kuang‐Hui , Chen Tzu‐Ting , Sun Guang‐Huan , Chang Sun‐Yran , Yu Cheng‐Ping , Ho Jar‐Yi , Liu Shu‐Yu , Huang Shih‐Ming , Yu Dah‐Shyong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe deregulation of epigenetics was involved in early and subsequent carcinogenic events. Reversing cancer epigenetics to restore a normal epigenetic condition could be a rational approach for cancer treatment and specialized prevention. In the present study, we found that the expression levels of two epigenetic markers, histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), was low but histone H3S10 phosphorylation (pH3Ser10) was high in human bladder cancer tissues, which showed opposite expression patterns in their normal counterparts. Thus, we investigated whether a natural product, emodin, has the ability to reverse these two epigenetic modifications and inhibit bladder cancer cell growth. Emodin significantly inhibited the cell growth of four bladder cancer cell lines in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Emodin treatment did not induce specific cell cycle arrest, but it altered epigenetic modifications. Emodin treatment resulted in the suppression of pH3Ser10 and increased H3K27me3, contributing to gene silencing in bladder cancer cells. Microarray analysis demonstrated that oncogenic genes including fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (HBP17), RGS4, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), WNT5b, URB, and collagen, type VIII, alpha 1 (COL8A1) responsible for proliferation, survival, inflammation, and carcinogenesis were significantly repressed by emodin. The ChIP assays also showed that emodin increased H3K27me3 but decreased pH3Ser10 modifications on the promoters of repressed genes, which indicate that emodin reverses the cancer epigenetics towards normal epigenetic situations. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the significant anti‐neoplastic activity of emodin on bladder cancer cells and elucidates the novel mechanisms of emodin‐mediated epigenetic modulation of target genes. Our study warrants further investigation of emodin as an effective therapeutic or preventive agent for bladder cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The evaluation of steerable ultrasonic catheters for minimally invasive MRI‐guided cardiac ablation
Authors: Carias Mathew , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: October 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop steerable MR‐compatible ultrasound catheters suitable for minimally invasive MRI‐guided cardiac ablation therapies.MethodsMRI‐compatible ultrasound steerable catheters were developed and tested for their overall tissue heating performance and safety. Ultrasound transducers were mounted on a monodirectional deflectable catheter tip that was made to be MRI‐compatible. Catheter safety was assessed on the potential to form hot spots at the distal end of the catheter throughout fast spin echo and thermometry scans. Heating experiments were performed on phantoms and ex vivo porcine cardiac samples.ResultsDuring catheter safety experiments, a maximum temperature increase of 11.35 ± 0.83°C was evident after a 12‐min, 40‐s fast spin echo scan with a whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.9 W/kg and 1.07 ± 0.22°C during thermometry scans (flip angle = 90°; scan time = 12 min, 41 s; whole body SAR = 0.34 W/kg). Temperature elevations induced by the sonication were shown to be on the order of 38.1 ± 5.2°C for phantom experiments and 49.3 ± 9.7°C for ex vivo cardiac samples.ConclusionSteerable ultrasound catheters have the potential to be safely placed in an MR system with little concern of catheter self‐heating and driven to heat surrounding structures to cause ablations. In addition, these catheters have the added benefit of a deflectable tip that allows the treatment of multiple targets from within the bore of the MR scanner. Magn Reson Med 72:591–598, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐induced plantar‐flexion objectively reduces wave amplitude of detrusor overactivity and subjectively improve urinary urgency: A pilot study
Authors: Stav Kobi , Leibovici Dan , Yoram Siegel I. , Ronny Ohlgisser , Zisman Amnon 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAimsTo estimate the effect of plantar‐flexion on the wave amplitude of involuntary detrusor contraction and the severity of urinary urgency during filling cystometry in patients with detrusor overactivity (DO).MethodsTwenty‐two consecutive patients with DO were enrolled. During urodynamics, the mean peak detrusor pressures of each contraction were documented and compared. At the beginning of the 2nd or 3rd wave, patients were asked to perform continuous plantar‐flexion by pushing their tiptoes against the floor. Following each wave, patients were asked to grade the severity of the urgency by a visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsThe mean peak detrusor pressure without plantar‐flexion was 58 cmH2O (95% CI: 46.3–69.7) compared to 31 cmH2O (95% CI: 23.1–38.9) with plantar‐flexion (P < 0.001). All patients reported a reduced degree of urgency during plantar‐flexion reflected in a significant reduction in mean VAS score from 9.3 (95% CI: 9–9.5) to 4.7 (95% CI: 3.9–5.4; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsSelf‐performed plantar‐flexion maneuver might reduce the severity of urinary urgency and the magnitude of overactive detrusor contractions, which may have a role in the conservative therapy of detrusor overactivity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1247–1250, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implications of intratumour heterogeneity for treatment stratification
Authors: Crockford Andrew , Jamal‐Hanjani Mariam , Hicks James , Swanton Charles 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDespite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the majority of advanced metastatic solid tumours remain incurable. Differential gene expression, somatic mutational status, tumour‐specific genetic signatures and micro‐environmental selection pressures within individual tumours have implications for the success of predictive assays to guide therapeutic intervention. In this review we discuss the evidence for genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and its potential implications for clinical decision making. We highlight areas of research that could be improved in order to better stratify patient treatment. We also discuss the predictive potential of patient‐derived models of tumour response, including xenograft and cell line‐based systems within the context of intratumour heterogeneity. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two cases of neuroblastoma comprising two distinct clones
Authors: Yamazaki Fumito , Nakazawa Atsuko , Osumi Tomoo , Shimojima Naoki , Tanaka Takeo , Nakagawara Akira , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe report two cases of high‐risk metastatic neuroblastoma, comprising two biologically distinct components in the adrenal primary tumor, which showed clear differences not only histologically but also in MYCN amplification and HA‐RAS/TRKA immunoreactivity (Case 1), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) immunoreactivity (Case 2). These two cases with multiple separated components were similar to cases classified as ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular subtype (GNBn), in terms of composite tumor. Comparable to the GNBn category, the prognosis of the patients described here may depend on the components with unfavorable histology according to International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification. Further analyses of such composite neuroblastoma cases are important for assessing disease prognosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:760–762. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of spacer chemistry on the formation and properties of linear reversible polymers
Authors: Mayo James D. , Adronov Alex 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA series of four pairs of bismaleimide and bisfuran monomers were combined to make thermally reversible linear polymers. The monomers were prepared using diamines having different spacer chemistries, n‐octyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, and ethylenedioxy, such that a relatively constant spacer dimension among the four monomers was achieved. Heating of the bismaleimide/bisfuran couples resulted in low‐viscosity, easily processable liquids. Subsequent cooling to room temperature resulted in the formation of hard films, with the rate of hardening varying significantly within the series of compounds. The rate and degree of polymerization were determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy and were both found to be dependent on the chemistry of the spacer group, as was the film rheology, which was measured using nanoindentation. Adhesion of the polymers was quantified by measurement of their tensile adhesive strength, and this was also found to be spacer dependent. Polymerization reversibility was verified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 5056–5066
Biobanking of derivatives from radical retropubic and robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy tissues as part of the prostate cancer biorepository network
Authors: Darshan Medha , Zheng Qizhi , Fedor Helen L. , Wyhs Nicolas , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Lee Peng , Melamed Jonathan , Netto George J. , Trock Bruce J. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Sfanos Karen S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of the Prostate Cancer Biorepository Network (PCBN) is to develop a biorepository with high‐quality, well‐annotated specimens obtained in a systematic, reproducible fashion using optimized and standardized protocols, and an infrastructure to facilitate the growth of the resource and its wide usage by the prostate cancer research community. An emerging area of concern in the field of prostate cancer biobanking is an apparent shift in the proportion of surgical procedures performed for prostate cancer treatment from radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) to robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Our study aimed to determine the potential impact of the RALP procedure on the detection of known prostate cancer biomarkers, and the subsequent suitability of RALP‐derived specimens for prostate cancer biomarker studies.METHODSDNA and RNA were extracted from RRP and RALP specimens. Quality assessment was conducted using spectrophotometric analysis and RNA was analyzed for RNA integrity number (RIN) and by real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) for racemase, hepsin, ERG, TMPRSS2‐ERG gene fusions, and the microRNAs miR‐26a, miR‐26b, miR‐141, and miR‐221.RESULTSWe demonstrate that extraction of derivatives from frozen tissues from RRP and RALP specimens yields samples of equally high quality as assessed by spectrophotometric and RIN analysis. Likewise, expression levels of genes analyzed by qRT‐PCR did not differ between RRP and RALP‐derived tissues.CONCLUSIONSOur studies indicate that samples obtained from RALP specimens may be suitable for prostate cancer biomarker studies—an important finding given the current shift in surgical procedures for prostate cancer treatment. Prostate 74:61–69, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of ERG responsive proteome in prostate cancer
Authors: Tan Shyh‐Han , Furusato Bungo , Fang Xueping , He Fang , Mohamed Ahmed A. , Griner Nicholas B. , Sood Kaneeka , Saxena Sadhvi , Katta Shilpa , Young Denise , Chen Yongmei , Sreenath Taduru , Petrovics Gyorgy , Dobi Albert , McLeod David G. , Sesterhenn Isabell A. , Saxena Satya , Srivastava Shiv 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDGene fusion between TMPRSS2 promoter and the ERG proto‐oncogene is a major genomic alteration found in over half of prostate cancers (CaP), which leads to aberrant androgen dependent ERG expression. Despite extensive analysis for the biological functions of ERG in CaP, there is no systematic evaluation of the ERG responsive proteome (ERP). ERP has the potential to define new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate tumors stratified by ERG expression.METHODSGlobal proteome analysis was performed by using ERG (+) and ERG (−) CaP cells isolated by ERG immunohistochemistry defined laser capture microdissection and by using TMPRSS2‐ERG positive VCaP cells treated with ERG and control siRNA.RESULTSWe identified 1,196 and 2,190 unique proteins stratified by ERG status from prostate tumors and VCaP cells, respectively. Comparative analysis of these two proteomes identified 330 concordantly regulated proteins characterizing enrichment of pathways modulating cytoskeletal and actin reorganization, cell migration, protein biosynthesis, and proteasome and ER‐associated protein degradation. ERPs unique for ERG (+) tumors reveal enrichment for cell growth and survival pathways while proteasome and redox function pathways were enriched in ERPs unique for ERG (−) tumors. Meta‐analysis of ERPs against CaP gene expression data revealed that Myosin VI and Monoamine oxidase A were positively and negatively correlated to ERG expression, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study delineates the global proteome for prostate tumors stratified by ERG expression status. The ERP data confirm the functions of ERG in inhibiting cell differentiation and activating cell growth, and identify potentially novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Prostate 74:70–89, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A longitudinal study of environmental and outdoor education: A cultural change
Authors: Tal Tali , Morag Orly 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this case‐study, we present a longitudinal study of one elementary (grades 1–6) school's environmental education (EE) in order to understand the ways in which the school culture supports outdoor EE as a critical component of their science education program. The school, which was known for its school‐based EE curriculum that encompasses an intensive outdoor‐education component, has gone through changes in the staff, and the student population. Our study is aimed at understanding the current challenges of the school outdoor education, in light of its two decade tradition of environmental and outdoor education school‐based curriculum. We observed three field trips and interviewed the principal and teachers. Our critical analysis indicated key tensions regarding outdoor EE: (1) the place of the school's tradition in light of current staff's challenges and agenda; (2) power struggle between the EE teacher and the newer teachers in school; and (3) the separation between the EE program that was an integrative holistic program in the past, and the other fields taught in school. In conclusion, we argue that the main issue is the change in the school culture that reflects the changes the community went through. We suggest that the school should examine old assumptions and revise its EE curriculum in light of changes in the school social and physical environment and in accordance to development in the field of EE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 1019–1046, 2013
Trauma Whipple: Do or Don’t After Severe Pancreaticoduodenal Injuries? An Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB)
Authors: van der Wilden Gwendolyn M. , Yeh D. Dante , Hwabejire John O. , Klein Eric N. , Fagenholz Peter J. , King David R. , de Moya Marc A. , Chang Yuchiao , Velmahos George C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPancreaticoduodenectomy for trauma (PDT) is a rare procedure, reserved for severe pancreaticoduodenal injuries. Using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), our aim was to compare outcomes of PDT patients to similarly injured patients who did not undergo a PDT.MethodsPatients with pancreatic or duodenal injuries treated with PDT (ICD‐9‐CM 52.7) were identified in the NTDB 2008–2010 Research Data Sets. We excluded those who underwent delayed PDT (>4 days). The PDT group (n = 39) was compared to patients with severe combined pancreaticoduodenal injuries (grade 4 or 5) who did not undergo PDT (non‐PDT group, n = 38). Patients who died in the emergency department or did not undergo a laparotomy were excluded. Our primary outcome was death. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and total ventilator days. A multivariate model was used to determine predictors of in‐hospital mortality within each group and in the overall cohort.ResultsThe non‐PDT group had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure and Glasgow Coma Scale values at baseline and more severe duodenal, pancreatic, and liver injuries. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the two groups. The Injury Severity Score was the only independent predictor of mortality among PDT patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.24] and in the entire cohort (OR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.01–1.12). The operative technique did not influence any of the outcomes.ConclusionsCompared to non‐PDT, PDT did not result in improved outcomes despite a lower physiologic burden among PDT patients. More conservative procedures for high‐grade injuries of the pancreaticoduodenal complex may be appropriate.
Economic Adversity and Depressive Symptoms in Mothers: Do Marital Status and Perceived Social Support Matter?
Authors: Kingston Sharon 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOver the past decade there has been increasing interest in the idea that marriage and perhaps other forms of interpersonal support can buffer the negative effects of poverty. The current study tests the hypothesis that marital status, perceived social support and neighborhood collective efficacy can moderate the effects of economic adversity on depressive symptoms among parents. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to analyze data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Participants were 1,957 mothers of minor children. Analysis of main effects revealed associations between neighborhood SES (β = −0.69, SE (0.15), p < .001), family income (β = −0.11, SE (0.05), p = .02) financial strain (β = 0.51, SE (0.18), p = .004), being single (β = 0.63, SE (0.24), p = .009) and perceived social support (β = −0.22, SE (0.03), p < .001) on depressive symptoms. The hypothesis that interpersonal resources can buffer the effects of economic adversity was not supported. There were no significant interactions between marital status and economic adversity. There was a significant interaction between perceived social support and neighborhood level socioeconomic status (β = −0.07, SE (0.03), p = .04) but the effects of social support were weakest in neighborhoods characterized by low socioeconomic status.