bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Ferrocene‐Based Burning‐Rate Catalysts with Polycyano Anions: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Migration, and Catalytic Effects during Combustion
Authors: Liu Xuelin , Li Jizhen , Bi Fuqiang , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlkylferrocene‐based burning‐rate (BR) catalysts, have a high tendency to migrate during curing and storage due to their neutral and nonpolar nature. To overcome these drawbacks, fifteen novel ionic compounds, 1‐(ferrocenylmethyl)imidazolium paired with polycyano anions, were synthesized and characterized. The structures of eleven of the compounds were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4(1)/a; 2, 12 and 15 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and 3 in the monoclinic space group P21/n; 4, 6–8, 13 and 14 crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$. Cyclic voltammetry investigations suggested that most of the compounds exhibit quasireversible redox systems. Compounds 1–10 have high thermal stability (> 190 °C). Migration studies revealed that these compounds are low‐migratory materials. The thermal degradation of ammonium perchlorate (AP), hexogen (RDX), and octogen (HMX) catalyzed by these compounds was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by thermogravimetric (TG) techniques. The results show that the decomposition peak temperature of AP shifts downwards dramatically and that the released heat of AP increases significantly with the new compounds as additives (5 wt.‐%). Moreover, the ionic compounds exhibit significant effects on the thermal decomposition of RDX. The catalytic activities of the new compounds are higher than those of their nitrate and picrate analogues, which supports the conclusion that high nitrogen content in a ferrocene‐based BR catalyst is favorable for its combustion catalytic activity.
Small‐Volume pH Sensing with a Capillary Optode Utilizing Dye‐Loaded Porous Nanocapsules in a Hydrogel Matrix
Authors: Maclin Alex Q. , Kim Mariya D. , Dergunov Sergey A. , Pinkhassik Eugene , Lindner Erno 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo develop simple optical pH sensors with adequate sensitivity, short response time, and extended life time for the analysis of very small sample volumes, high concentrations of pH sensitive indicator dyes were encapsulated into ∼200 nm diameter nanocapsules (NCs) with ∼1 nm thick porous walls. The capsules were immobilized into high‐porosity polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gels for robust and versatile sensor platform design (double immobilization). The NCs‐loaded gels were molded into sensing cylinders and secured in glass capillaries, which served as sampling devices and flow‐through optical detector cells (capillary optodes). The color of the sensing cylinder was measured as a function of the sample pH using an optical fiber‐based UV‐VIS spectrophotometer. To optimize the optical properties of the sensing gel the influence of the size of the NCs, the dye concentration in the NCs and the NCs concentration within the PVA gel were studied. The NCs‐based optodes allowed the measurement of the pH within 2 minutes in as little as ∼30 µL volume of sample, with ∼±0.03 pH unit uncertainty and less than 0.001 pH/hour drift.
Integrated Biomass Assessment and Optimized Power Generation
Authors: Dimitrova Elena , Vinklers Janis , Chokani Ndaona , Abhari Reza S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlthough power generation from wood biomass is among the fastest growing sectors of renewable power production, applied research that links biomass stock availability and the optimization of the location of the power plants is lacking. In this work, an integrated approach to determine the most economically viable locations for wood‐fired biomass power plants is presented. Forest vegetation maps are generated from recently available multiband satellite images. Field measurements in coniferous and broadleaved forests are used to derive tree‐stocking densities to determine, from the vegetation maps, the quantity of available wood biomass. A multimodal transportation and transmission grid network model is then used to identify the optimum locations for the top ten portfolios of 5, 15, and 20 MW power plants. It is shown that 15 MW power plants have the lowest levelized cost of energy and are the least susceptible to volatility in the wood price.
Discussion on ‘a framework for the evaluation of ground motion selection and modification procedures’ by N. Simon Kwong, Anil K. Chopra, and Robin K. McGuire
Authors: Bradley Brendon A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe paper under discussion proposes a framework to evaluate ground motion selection and modification procedures and illustrates its application for two different procedures as applied to a non‐degrading bilinear inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom system. This discussion focuses on providing additional context that this writer feels is needed in relation to both the proposed framework and also its specific application in the paper, which are important for the conclusions made by the authors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do antipsychotics prevent postoperative delirium? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fok Mark C. , Sepehry Amir A. , Frisch Larry , Sztramko Richard , Borger van der Burg Boudewijn L. S. , Vochteloo Anne J. H. , Chan Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the effect of antipsychotics for preventing postoperative delirium.DesignWe conducted a literature search using Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and clinicaltrials.gov. We included randomized controlled trials of adults undergoing surgery who were given antipsychotics to prevent postoperative delirium. Quality was assessed via the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Random‐effects meta‐analysis and meta‐regression were conducted. Q‐statistics and I2 were used for assessment of heterogeneity. The main outcome was delirium incidence using validated definitions.ResultsA total of 1710 subjects were included, with a mean age ranging from 60.7 to 86.4 years. Antipsychotics reduced the incidence of postoperative delirium with the global effect‐size estimate (weighted odds ratio) using the random effects model of 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.28–0.70; N = 6; Q‐value: 16, p‐value 0.0005; I2 = 69%). Significant heterogeneity existed with the pooled global effect of delirium incidence; however, meta‐regression allowed us to test both treatment‐level and patient‐level explanations for significant between‐study variance. Baseline risk for delirium was found to be a significant contributor to study heterogeneity, and meta‐regression suggested that antipsychotic type and dosage were two of the several treatment‐level factors that also may have led to heterogeneity. Our analysis implied the presence of a breakeven baseline level of delirium risk below which preventive treatment with antipsychotics might prove ineffective.ConclusionsWithin the limits of few randomized controlled trials, antipsychotics appeared to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium in several surgical settings, predominantly orthopedic and for those at higher risk for delirium. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5‐HTTLPR genotype, asthma, diabetes and late‐life depression in an older French population
Authors: Omari‐Asor Lorraine , Stewart Robert , Artero Sylvaine , Ritchie Karen 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveAssociations between environmental risk factors and depression have been reported to be stronger in people with the S allele of the S/L polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene‐linked promoter region (5‐HTTLPR); however, most studies have focused on adverse life events as a general exposure, and interactions with physical disorders have been less investigated. We therefore investigated associations of asthma and diabetes with depression in an older community population and compared these by 5‐HTTLPR genotype.MethodsA sample of 1617 people aged 65 years and over, from Montpellier, France, were examined for depression, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview assessments, and a standardised interview was conducted to establish physical health status. Blood samples were also taken for 5‐HTTLPR genotype.ResultsDepression was significantly associated with asthma and diabetes but not with 5‐HTTLPR genotype. After adjustment for age, sex, education and co‐residency, the association between asthma and depression did increase in strength and significance across genotype groups (odds ratios in LL, SL and SS genotypes: 1.59 (0.66–3.82), 1.88 (1.05–3.36) and 3.00 (1.26–7.13), respectively) although the interaction term fell below statistical significance (p = 0.29). No modification was observed for diabetes as an exposure.ConclusionsThe findings provided some support for effect modification by 5‐HTTLPR genotype for asthma but for not diabetes as risk factors for depression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feeling addressed! The role of body orientation and co‐speech gesture in social communication
Authors: Nagels Arne , Kircher Tilo , Steines Miriam , Straube Benjamin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDuring face‐to‐face communication, body orientation and coverbal gestures influence how information is conveyed. The neural pathways underpinning the comprehension of such nonverbal social cues in everyday interaction are to some part still unknown. During fMRI data acquisition, 37 participants were presented with video clips showing an actor speaking short sentences. The actor produced speech‐associated iconic gestures (IC) or no gestures (NG) while he was visible either from an egocentric (ego) or from an allocentric (allo) position. Participants were asked to indicate via button press whether they felt addressed or not. We found a significant interaction of body orientation and gesture in addressment evaluations, indicating that participants evaluated IC‐ego conditions as most addressing. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left fusiform gyrus were stronger activated for egocentric versus allocentric actor position in gesture context. Activation increase in the ACC for IC‐ego>IC‐allo further correlated positively with increased addressment ratings in the egocentric gesture condition. Gesture‐related activation increase in the supplementary motor area, left inferior frontal gyrus and right insula correlated positively with gesture‐related increase of addressment evaluations in the egocentric context. Results indicate that gesture use and body‐orientation contribute to the feeling of being addressed and together influence neural processing in brain regions involved in motor simulation, empathy and mentalizing. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1925–1936, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of the New Types of N‐Unsubstituted Aminomethylenebisorganophosphorus Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Ershov Ivan S. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe interaction of trimethylsilyl esters of trivalent organophosphorus acids containing PH and POSiMe3 groups with hydrochlorides of ethoxymethylene imines is a convenient method for the synthesis of new trimethylsilyl esters of N‐unsubstituted aminomethylenebisorganophosphorus acids with three and four coordinated phosphorus. Also trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as effective catalyst is used for the similar interaction of hydrochlorides of ethoxymethylene imines with tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite. The corresponding bisorganophosphorus acids and their derivatives are presented.
Extracellular matrix proteins interact with cell‐signaling pathways in modifying risk of achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Saunders Colleen J. , van der Merwe Lize , Cook Jill , Handley Christopher J. , Collins Malcolm , September Alison V. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate interactions between variants within genes encoding components of the collagen fibril and components of cell‐signaling pathways within the extracellular matrix, and determine the relative contribution of these variants to Achilles tendinopathy risk in a polygenic model. A total of 339 asymptomatic control participants and 179 participants clinically diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy were genotyped for variants within six genes encoding components of the collagen fibril and three genes encoding components of cell‐signaling pathways. Logistic regression, stepwise selection, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to select and evaluate genetic interactions and determine the relative contribution of these variants to overall genetic risk. The strongest, best fit polygenic risk model included the variables sex, three COL27A1 variants (rs4143245; rs1249744; rs946053), COL5A1 rs12722, CASP8 rs1045485, and CASP8 rs2824129 with an area under the ROC curve of 0.737 and the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity indicators equal to 134%. Significant interactions between genes encoding components of the collagen fibril and genes encoding components of the cell‐signaling pathways modify risk of Achilles tendinopathy. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:898–903, 2015.
Accuracy of early‐phase versus dual‐phase single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in the localization of Parathyroid disease
Authors: Mandal Rajarsi , Muthukrishnan Ashok , Ferris Robert L. , de Almeida John R. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisPreoperative localization for parathyroid disease has improved in recent years with the advent of dual‐phase 99mTc‐sestamibi single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. However, dual‐phase imaging is associated with increased cost, time, and radiation dose. The aim of this study was to investigate the need for late‐phase imaging when using SPECT/CT for the preoperative localization of parathyroid disease.Study DesignRetrospective chart analysis.MethodsA retrospective review of 75 patients who underwent preoperative imaging localization and subsequent surgical resection for parathyroid disease at a tertiary referral center was performed. Of these, 50 patients met study criteria including preoperative SPECT/CT imaging and specific reporting of early‐ and late‐phase focal radiotracer uptake. Localization accuracy was verified with definitive surgical findings confirmed by histological analysis and evidence of biochemical cure.ResultsAccurate localization of adenoma(s) was seen in 78.0% of patients using dual‐phase SPECT/CT. Early‐phase imaging alone localized 76.0%, whereas late‐phase imaging alone localized 74.0%. Sensitivity and specificity for dual‐phase imaging was 84.8% and 89.6%, respectively. In comparison, early‐phase localization alone was found to have a sensitivity/specificity of 84.4%/89.4%; sensitivity/specificity of late‐phase scanning alone was found to be 80.4%/89.1%. Dual‐phase SPECT/CT scanning did not provide a statistically significant improvement in adenoma localization when compared to early‐phase scanning alone.ConclusionsAlthough further investigation is needed, the results of this study suggest that early‐phase SPECT/CT scanning alone may obviate the need for dual‐phase SPECT/CT scanning in the initial preoperative localization workup of parathyroid disease.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1496–1501, 2015
Dimensions and morphological characteristics of human newborn glottis
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThe anterior glottis has the most important role in phonation. However, the posterior glottis appears to have an equally important role in respiration.Dimensions and morphological characteristics of the newborn glottis were investigated.Study DesignHistologic analysis of the human newborn glottis.MethodsA total of 16 larynges were used. The whole organ section technique was employed.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the genders.The average length of the glottis was 5.4 ± 0.6 mm in males and 5.7 ± 0.4 mm in females. The average length of the posterior glottis was 3.1 ± 0.5 mm in males and 3.2 ± 0.4 mm in females. It accounted for 57.5 ± 3.2% of the entire glottic length in males and 55.5 ± 5.3% in females and also accounted for 56.3 ± 4.6% of the entire glottic area in both sexes.The average area of the glottis was 7.5 ± 2.5 mm2 in males and 8.2 ± 1.7 mm2 in females. The average area of the posterior glottis was 5.3 ± 2.0 mm2 in males and 5.5 ± 1.4 mm2 in females. It accounted for 69.2% ± 4.6% of the entire glottic area in males and 67.3% ± 5.8% in females. It also accounted for 68.0% ± 5.3% of the entire glottic area in both sexes.The epithelium in the newborn posterior glottis was a ciliated epithelium, whereas it was stratified squamous epithelium in the anterior glottis.ConclusionsThe newborn posterior glottis occupied approximately 70% of the entire glottic area and was covered with respiratory epithelium. Due to size and configuration, the newborn glottis appears to be favored for respiration over phonation.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 125:E186–E189, 2015
Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy versus Müller maneuver in patients with retropalatal obstruction
Authors: Yilmaz Yavuz Fuat , Kum Rauf Oguzhan , Ozcan Muge , Gungor Volkan , Unal Adnan 
Published: January 2015

Objective/HypothesisThis study aimed to compare application of the Müller maneuver (MM) and application of drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) prior to surgery, in addition to MM, to further ascertain the location of an obstruction in the upper airway and whether the location would change the surgical treatment plan in patients with retropalatal obstruction.Study DesignProspective, clinical trial at a tertiary referral hospital.MethodsThis study included 39 obstructive sleep apnea patients who were recommended for surgical treatment. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: The first group (DISE plus MM) underwent a DISE (19 patients), in addition to the planned procedure according to MM. Meanwhile, the second group (MM only) underwent surgery based only on their MM evaluation (20 patients). Patients with retrolingual‐localized obstructions were excluded, whereas patients with ≥ third‐degree obstructions at the retropalatal level, according to DISE and/or MM, were included in the study.ResultsThere was a significant improvement between pre‐ and postoperative polysomnography findings in both groups. However, the postoperative improvements between the groups were not statistically different. Because there was a significant change in the planned surgical procedures in the first group, there were significantly more combined surgeries followed by the DISE procedure.ConclusionsAlthough the DISE resulted in more changes in the surgical treatment plan and higher rate of combined treatment compared to MM, we determined that this difference did not result in a significant difference in treatment success.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2220–2225, 2015
Miscibility and tribological investigations of ionic liquids in biodegradable esters
Authors: Kronberger Markus , Pagano Francesco , Pejaković Vladimir , Igartua Amaya , Urbistondo Eva , Kalin Mitjan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe structural impact of ionic liquids was systematically investigated by assessing their behaviour as lubricant additives in two different biodegradable esters (refined rapeseed oil and synthetic ester). Cations were mainly based on derivatives of the tetraalkyl ammonium structure; the anions were alkyl sulfate, methyl sulfonate or bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Miscibility experiments showed that ultrasound treatment yielded the most stable emulsions. X‐ray fluorescence was employed to determine maximum concentrations, at which ionic liquids formed stable mixtures in the base oil, either dissolved or as self‐stabilized emulsions. Steel/steel contacts lubricated with such saturated rapeseed oil blends were investigated in a reciprocating sliding tester at room temperature and at 100°C. For most anions, a significant reduction of friction and wear was found at ionic liquid concentrations of less than 0.1 weight%. At substantially higher concentrations, a destabilisation of the ionic liquid–ester mixtures was observed, which was accompanied by a loss of wear‐preventive properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the Resistance of Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors via Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Uengwetwanit Tanaporn , Robaa Dina , Sippl Wolfgang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this work, we examined how known single point mutations (P495S, P495L, P495A, P496A, P496S and V499A) in Hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase influence the binding of benzimidazole‐5‐carboxamide derivatives which are potent NS5B inhibitors. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the binding of the inhibitors to the wild‐type and mutant enzymes. Binding free energy calculations (MM‐GB/SA method) and analyzing the decomposed binding free energy of individual residues were able to explain the differences in the inhibitory potency of the compounds at wild‐type and mutant enzymes and hence account for the appearance of resistance of mutant enzymes to the studied inhibitors. The obtained results were found to be in agreement with the known experimental data.
Eine Substanz, zwei Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Seidl Markus , Amann‐Winkel Katrin , Bernard Jürgen , Loerting Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractImmer noch wird kontrovers diskutiert, warum ausgerechnet Wasser das Molekül des Lebens ist und es sich im Vergleich mit anderen Flüssigkeiten so anomal verhält.
Fragmentbasierte Wirkstoffentwicklung
Authors: Aretz Jonas , Rademacher Christoph 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUm neue Wirkstoffe zu identifizieren, wird heute zunehmend auf fragmentbasiertes Screening zurückgegriffen. Die dafür erforderliche hohe Empfindlichkeit in der frühen Phase der Forschung liefern biophysikalische Methoden, darunter NMR‐Spektroskopie, Oberflächenplamonenresonanz‐Spektroskopie und Röntgenkristallographie.
Laufbahn Universität?
Authors: Hachmann Anne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDie meisten Promovierten verlassen mit dem Doktortitel den akademischen Betrieb. Die Aussicht auf den Professorentitel lockt nur wenige. Doch Universitäten brauchen Personal auch abseits der Professorenstelle. Der Wissenschaftsrat empfiehlt, Karrierewege an Universitäten neu zu definieren.