bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing Wisely in Newborn Medicine: Five Opportunities to Increase Value
Authors: Ho Timmy , Dukhovny Dmitry , Zupancic John A.F. , Goldmann Don A. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Pursley DeWayne M. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:
The use of unnecessary tests and treatments contributes to health care waste. The “Choosing Wisely” campaign charges medical societies with identifying such items. This report describes the identification of 5 tests and treatments in newborn medicine.

METHODS:
A national survey identified candidate tests and treatments. An expert panel of 51 individuals representing 28 perinatal care organizations narrowed the list over 3 rounds of a modified Delphi process. In the final round, the panel was provided with Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) literature summaries of the top 12 tests and treatments.

RESULTS:
A total of 1648 candidate tests and 1222 treatments were suggested by 1047 survey respondents. After 3 Delphi rounds, the expert panel achieved consensus on the following top 5 items: (1) avoid routine use of antireflux medications for treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease or for treatment of apnea and desaturation in preterm infants, (2) avoid routine continuation of antibiotic therapy beyond 48 hours for initially asymptomatic infants without evidence of bacterial infection, (3) avoid routine use of pneumograms for predischarge assessment of ongoing and/or prolonged apnea of prematurity, (4) avoid routine daily chest radiographs without an indication for intubated infants, and (5) avoid routine screening term-equivalent or discharge brain MRIs in preterm infants.

CONCLUSIONS:
The Choosing Wisely Top Five for newborn medicine highlights tests and treatments that cannot be adequately justified on the basis of efficacy, safety, or cost. This list serves as a starting point for quality improvement efforts to optimize both clinical outcomes and resource utilization in newborn care.
Quem faz as leis na república rousseauniana?
Authors: Moscateli Renato 
Published: July 2015

O intuito deste artigo é analisar a cidadania proposta por Rousseau à luz de certas delimitações colocadas pelo filósofo ao exercício desse direito, as quais configuram um tipo de participação política que seria apropriado ao regime descrito no Contrato Social. Assim, procurarei mostrar que a soberania popular tem, para o autor genebrino, um papel fundamental na defesa da legislação, cabendo ao Legislador e aos magistrados guiar os cidadãos comuns na aprovação das boas leis necessárias ao Estado. Essa tese é compatível com o republicanismo rousseauniano, na medida em que ela mostra que esses cidadãos, os membros do pacto social, são os responsáveis por proteger e conservar sua própria liberdade ao longo da existência do corpo político.
Emoções e sentimentos: considerações sobre sua apropriação na abordagem dos dilemas morais
Authors: Napoli Ricardo Bins , Nunes Lauren Lacerda 
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar razões para a apropriação das emoções e sentimentos na abordagem dos dilemas morais. Isso será feito em três etapas. Primeiramente, ele partirá da análise de Williams em seu artigo Ethical consistency, onde ele dá um primeiro passo no sentido de defender o papel de emoções como remorso e arrependimento, além da introdução da ideia do “resquício emocional” em dilemas morais, com a finalidade de mostrar a importância deste argumento para nossa perspectiva. Em um segundo momento, se reconstruirá a análise de Statman, porque sua sistematização do “argumento dos sentimentos” em favor dos dilemas morais mostrou que não. Em um terceiro momento, a análise se concentrará no artigo Sentiment and Value, de D’arms e Jacobson, que aborda questões prementes acerca da possibilidade de um sentimentalismo moral de base racional. Por fim, se tais abordagens o apelo aos “fatos morais” levam a uma possível justificação dos sentimentos de arrependimento, culpa ou remorso experienciados pelo agente em dilemas morais, então conclui-se que estes não devem ser desconsiderados em uma abordagem mais intuitiva e ampla da questão.
O político e sua tópica: divisão e unidade – identidade e representação. Ou sobre a dupla forma de polarização do espaço público
Authors: Torres João Carlos Brum 
Published: July 2015

O propósito do artigo é apresentar o conceito de ‘tópica política’ como o recurso teórico necessário para elucidação das determinações formais que estruturam as relações políticas em seu nível mais geral. A primeira seção do texto evoca os contextos doutrinários em que o conceito de tópica foi introduzido com intenções em alguma medida análogas às que animam o artigo, sendo brevemente considerados os usos do termo nas obras de Aristóteles, Kant e Freud. A segunda seção examina os conceitos de divisão e unidade, tratando de mostrar que as sociedades humanas são ao mesmo tempo necessariamente divididas e unificadas. Divididas na medida em que, como já mostrara Aristóteles e como o repetirá Tomás de Aquino, sendo a sociedade composta por uma multidão, o estatuto de sua unidade é necessariamente sui generis: ela não pode ser absolutamente una, pois, se o fosse, já não poderia ser uma cidade. Unificadas na medida em que as diferenças e distinções sociais, na medida em que adquirem caráter político, sobrevêm sempre dentro de uma sociedade, a unidade desta última tendo estatuto necessariamente reflexivo. A terceira seção introduz o exame dos conceitos de identidade e representação a partir da análise crítica da tese do jovem Marx de acordo com a qual a democracia é a verdade da monarquia mas a monarquia não é verdade da democracia. A seção prossegue com a retomada do exame destas noções a partir das análises de Carl Schmitt. A quarta e última seção do texto trata de explicitar os ganhos críticos, heurísticos e metapolíticos que a introdução do conceito de tópica na teoria política pode proporcionar.
A testkép komplexitása és a szervátültetés sikeressége. Vesetranszplantált páciensek longitudinális vizsgálata
Authors: Látos Melinda , Devecsery Ágnes , Lázár György , Horváth Zoltán , Szenohradszky Pál , Szederkényi Edit , Csabai Márta 
Published: July 2015

Háttér és célok
Az utóbbi évek interdiszciplináris kutatásai felhívják a figyelmet, hogy a szervátültetés következtében megváltozhat a test szubjektíven észlelt egysége, sérülhet a testkép integritása, komplexitása (CALIA és mtsai, 2011; PASQUALE és mtsai, 2010). Kutatásunkban elsődleges célként tűztük ki a transzplantáció utáni testkép-jellegzetességek feltérképezését és azok hatását az új szerv optimális, hosszú távú működésére.

Módszer
50, vese-transzplantáción átesett személlyel a Spielberger-féle Állapot- és Vonásszorongás Kérdőívet, a Beck Depresszió Skálát és egy saját tervezésű projektív rajztesztet (sajátalak- és veserajz) vettünk fel. A páciensek felépülését három évig követtük nyomon, negyedévente rögzítve a vesefunkciós értékeket és a kilökődési epizódokat.

Eredmények és következtetések
A szorongóbb és depresszívebb pácienseknél a projektív rajztesztben a transzplantált szerv nagyobb méretben jelent meg, ami az átültetett vese intrapszichés integrációjának a zavarára utalhat. Logisztikus regressziós modellben a hazabocsátáskor mért szérum kreatinin érték és a testkép komplexitása prediktív a beültetett vese hosszú távú működésében. Kutatási eredményeink szerint a transzplantációt követő testképváltozások negatív hatással lehetnek a páciens egészségi állapotára és hosszú távon hozzájárulhatnak a beültetett szerv kilökődéséhez.
ANALISIS DEL PROBLEMA DEL AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO: CIUDAD DE PUNO
Authors: FLOREZ FRANCO ROGELIO OLEGARIO 
Published: July 2015

<p>Las Naciones Unidas estiman que 2,500 millones de personas carecen de acceso a saneamiento mejorado y alrededor de 1,000 millones practican la defecación al aire libre. Cada año más de 800,000 niños menores de 5 años mueren innecesariamente a causa de la diarrea —más de un niño cada minuto. Innumerables niños caen gravemente enfermos y en muchas ocasiones les quedan secuelas a largo plazo que afectan a su salud y su desarrollo. Un saneamiento y una higiene deficientes son la principal causa de ello.</p><p><br />El acceso a agua potable y saneamiento básico en América Latina es insuficiente e inadecuado, repercutiendo en impactos negativos en la salud pública, los factores que limitan son: la capacidad financiera limitada de los organismos encargados de proveer estos servicios y la institucionalidad débil del sector. Asimismo viene experimentando un crecimiento demográfico creciente acompañado de una urbanización creciente aproximada del 78% que hacen una presión sobre los servicios básicos que para enfrentar esta demanda se requiere un equivalente al 0,31% del PIB global actual de la región.</p><p>La contaminación de los cuerpos de agua receptores del vertimiento de efluentes domésticos, industriales, mineros y agrícolas que por lo general son un río, lago, laguna o el mar son muy preocupantes, porque reduce la disponibilidad de agua dulce o incrementa el costo de tratamiento del agua para abastecimiento humano y causan impactos en el medio ambiente, la salud y alteran el estado normal de la naturaleza.</p><p>El objetivo del presente trabajo es la de analizar la problemática de los servicios de saneamiento, sus efectos en la salud y el medio ambiente, esta problemática centrada en los sistemas de tratamiento de las aguas residuales producidas por las poblaciones, dando una mirada histórica en una primera parte de la información a nivel mundial, luego a nivel de América Latina a nivel nacional centrándonos finalmente en la ciudad de Puno.</p><p>¿Es adecuado el acceso al saneamiento básico? ¿Los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales serán eficientes y suficientes?, ¿existirá la capacidad de gestión, tecnológica y financieras para reducir las cargas contaminantes hasta los niveles establecidos por las normas?, ¿qué se está haciendo para enfrentar este problema? Palabras claves: problema, saneamiento, aguas residuales, plantas de tratamiento, calidad del agua, salud.</p>
Variação Pluviométrica e Parâmetros Físico-químicos da Água Tratada para Distribuição em Porto Velho, Rondônia
Authors: Bay Márcia 
Published: July 2015

<p>O regime pluviométrico do município de Porto Velho capital de Rondônia (Amazônia brasileira) é bastante regular, variando apenas nos três meses mais secos de cada ano (Aw na classificação de Köppen). A qualidade da água neste município é atualmente um fator preocupante, tendo em vista o rápido crescimento demográfico ocorrido nos últimos quatro anos. Este fato se deve aos investimentos federais em um grande complexo hidrelétrico construído no Rio Madeira em Porto Velho (Usinas de Jirau e Santo Antônio). Quanto maior o consumo de água, maior a quantidade de água a ser tratada para a distribuição. A adição de produtos químicos como sulfato de alumínio (Al<sub>2</sub> (SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) e cloro (Cl<sub>2</sub>) para o tratamento da água é feita com base em normas técnicas e a quantidade dos mesmos varia de acordo com o período do ano e o regime pluviométrico local. A variação da quantidade de chuva pode interferir nos valores de parâmetros básicos como pH, Turbidez e Cloro residual da água, sendo a proposta deste trabalho, fazer o comparativo do comportamento destes parâmetros com base na variação das chuvas em Porto Velho. Os dados mostraram uma regularidade nos parâmetros (pH, turbidez e cloro residual) analisados nos meses com menor precipitação.</p><p><strong><em>Variation Pluviometric, Chemical And Physical Parameters Of Water Treated For Distribution In Porto Velho, Rondônia</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The rainfall in the city of Porto Velho capital of Rondônia (Brazilian Amazon) is fairly regular , varying only in the three driest months of each year (in the Köppen Aw) . Water quality in this municipality is currently a concern in view of the rapid population growth occurred in the last four years. This is due to the federal investments in a large hydroelectric complex built on the Madeira River in Porto Velho (Plants Jirau and San Antonio) .The higher the water, the greater the amount of water to be treated for distribution. The addition of chemicals such as aluminum sulfate (Al2 (SO4)3) and chlorine (Cl2 ) for the treatment of water is made based on technical requirements and the amount thereof varies depending on the time of year , and rainfall site. Varying the amount of rain can interfere with the basic parameter values such as pH, turbidity and residual chlorine in water, the purpose of this work, make the comparative behavior of these parameters based on the variation of rainfall in Porto Velho. The data showed a regularity in the parameters (pH, turbidity and residual chlorine) analyzed the months with lower precipitation</p>
“Ya marchamos... pero no solucionan el problema”: protesta social y respuestas gubernamentales en torno a la inseguridad
Authors: López Leyva Miguel Armando 
Published: July 2015

Este artículo se propone, desde la perspectiva de las consecuencias políticas que generan los movimientos sociales, analizar cuán eficaces pueden ser cuando se involucran en el proceso de toma de decisiones del gobierno en la democracia mexicana. Basados en el estudio de las organizaciones de los movimientos sociales (oms) en contra de la inseguridad, a través de un esquema que empalma su acción con las fases del ciclo de la policy, se evalúa si logran incidir bajo el supuesto de que serán exitosos si logran llevar el tema a la atención gubernamental y, además, darle seguimiento a las acciones de las autoridades competentes.
Prevention of Shale Instability by Optimizing Drilling Fluid Performance
Authors: Mkpoikana R. , Dosunmu A. , Eme C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This research work outlines the main results of the shale instability study with respect to shale/ fluid interaction mechanisms, and also analyses the shale strength properties. An approach was undertaken to develop a better understanding of the effects of using polymer drilling fluid on the shale mechanical properties and how to optimize its performance. Wellbore stability in shale is very much influenced by the type of drilling fluid used, here the problems observed were, borehole fluid invasion into the shale, increase in potential pipe sticking, swelling/hydration of shale which results in high level of non-production time (NPT). Different drilling fluids were analyzed for their effects on shale strength. Emphasis here was on the mechanical properties of the shale samples after exposed to different drilling fluids for 24hours. The mud which maintains high compressive strength of the shale is the most preferred (optimum) selection. The shale sample exposed to the polymer drilling fluid shows the lowest strength, from the stress-strain curve. The use of KCl brine in drilling fluids is based on its shale inhibition characteristics as it is thought that the k+ ion provides additional attraction among the clay platelets due to its size and charge. However the shale loses most part of its strength when exposed to the modified polymer drilling muds combined with 5% KCl, 7%, 10% KCl respectively. One of the possible reasons is Kaolinite in the shale. The shale samples will keep more of its original strength when exposed to the modified polymer drilling muds combined with chemical agents with plugging ability to pore throat and micro-fracture. The shale sample exposed to polymer drilling fluid with 10%Nacl, 5% Physical sealing agent and 10% Chemical agent A1 (rich in silica) exhibit the highest strength. From the result of the experiment the drilling fluid density has been reduced immensely, thus the new mud system improves the wellbore stability and keeps the shale formation stable.
Resolving Anomalous Water Based Mud Rheology Challenges Cause Investigation and Treatment
Authors: Erinle Adeyemi , Enyekwe Alfred , Ufomaduh Mirian Kosi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Drilling with water based mud (WBM) generally has its green and cost effective advantages but also comes with its own challenges, which raise the need for more vigilance, planning and timely reaction when WBM is to be used for any hole section. On FAQ1X well, the 16″ top hole section was drilled to 9,500fttvd with KCl polymer WBM; while circulating hole clean in preparation for tripping out, erratic mud rheology properties were observed. It took up to 3days to recondition the drilling fluid specifications. An investigation was carried out to explore the possible causes. The behavior bore no similarity to equivalent sections in previously drilled wells, though the mud system was different. The fresh water for building the mud was optimum; the additives were in good condition and within acceptable operating conditions. The analysis for any carbonate contamination by Alkalinity Analysis (which is rather unreliable) gave an indication of possible carbonate contamination though no source of carbonate was detected. The bentonite used was not in excess yet there was an increase in the Cation exchange capacity of the mud. The other source of Low gravity solids is formation solids that have been very well grinded by the bit and dispersed in the mud such that it becomes difficult to separate them from the mud system via the mud cleaning equipment. They lead to severe gelling of the mud and consequently high mud rheology and hole-swabbing tendency. This significant distortion in rheological properties of the mud was as a result of high solid content in the mud and possibly carbonate or bicarbonate. A dilution recipe was developed and applied to tackle both possibilities and the mud properties were restored.
Lean Methods Application to Frontend Petroleum Engineering Project
Authors: Itua Osazua J. , Shamuganathan Gomathi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The application of lean methods is credited with successful project delivery in various industries. Organizations are attracted to lean methods because its concept can be customized to project specific requirements to identify and eliminate waste in the value stream. In the petroleum industry, lean has been successfully applied to projects in ‘execute’ and ‘operate’ phases. In spite of this, there is no wide spread application to frontend projects. To realize the opportunity to accelerate first gas date by a year, lean concept was adopted to mature XY field during its frontend phase.
This presentation is aimed at sharing the influence of lean tools on the project and to strengthens the argument that lean can be applied to frontend projects renowned for high task uncertainty compared to projects in ‘operate and execute’ phases in the petroleum industry with low task uncertainty where lean methods currently thrive.
La marche d'Hannibal : ravitaillement et stratégie
Authors: Klingbeil Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: July 2015

L'analyse du rôle et de l'importance du ravitaillement dans l'armée d'Hannibal au cours de la seconde guerre punique s'articule autour de trois thèmes :
- Les services de l 'intendance carthaginoise, notamment ses composantes principales .· le train de l 'armée et les différentes structures spécifiques à ce service.
- L'importance de la logistique au cours de la campagne militaire avec ses répercussions au niveau militaire et diplomatique.
- L'influence éventuelle du ravitaillement extérieur.
En considération de l'étude de ces éléments, une nouvelle analyse stratégique du conflit entre Rome et Carthage est proposée.
Le littoral de la Tunisie, étude géoarchéologique et historique (1987-1997). La céramique
Authors: Bonifay Michel , Capelli Claudio , Martin Thierry , Picon Maurice , Vallauri Lucy 
Published: July 2015

Following the monograph published in 2004 by H. Slim, P. Trousset, R. Paskoff and A. Oueslati, Le littoral de la Tunisie (Coll. Études d'Antiquités africaines), this study presents the pottery collected on the 210 settlements registered during the 1987- 1997 coastal survey of Tunisia. This study comprises four chapters :
I. Antic pottery (M. Bonifay) provides some information about chronology of the settlements, regional typology and economic activities.
II. Physicochemical analysis (M. Picon) testify the importation in Tunisia of Gaulish wares from Savoy.
III. Petrology (Cl. Capelli) permits to caractérise several amphoras workshops along the Tunisian coastline.
IV. Islamic pottery (L. Vallauri) gives some precision about vessels production and importation in Ifriqiya from 9th to XVIIIth c.
AE, 2004, 1798. Jeux scéniques à Aradi (Proconsulaire) en 402 - 408 apr. J.-C
Authors: Hugoniot Christophe 
Published: July 2015

Une inscription, découverte à Aradi (Sidi Jdidi, Tunisie) et publiée récemment, commémore la restauration d’un monument inconnu (platea), effectuée en 402-408 apr. J.-C. aux frais d’un notable municipal, Flavius Dyscolius Therapius. La dédicace associe des jeux scéniques et des récompenses (ludi scaenici praemiales),
qui peuvent être des costumes de scène ou des couronnes agonistiques. Les jeux scéniques en Afrique, dont le Code Théodosien et les sermons d’Augustin prouvent la continuité au IV e et au début du V e siècle apr. J.-C., malgré le manque chronique de comédiens, impliquaient semble-t-il une dimension agonistique, que ce soit dans le cadre des concours comme le concours pythique de Carthage ou de compétitions entre pantomimes lors des jeux. L’inscription d’Aradi est le témoin d’une tentative de restauration archaïsante des représentations théâtrales traditionnelles, mais devait en être écartée toute dimension religieuse depuis l’interdiction des rites traditionnels sous Théodose.
Low Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Incident Fracture in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Battalora Linda , Buchacz Kate , Armon Carl , Overton Edgar T , Hammer John , Patel Pragna , Chmiel Joan S , Wood Kathy , Bush Timothy J , Spear John R , Brooks John T , Young Benjamin ,   the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) and SUN Study Investigators
Published: July 2015

Background Prevalence rates of low bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fractures are higher among HIV-infected adults compared with the general United States (US) population, but the relationship between BMD and incident fractures in HIV-infected persons has not been well described. Methods Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results of the femoral neck of the hip and clinical data were obtained prospectively during 2004-2012 from participants in two HIV cohort studies. Low BMD was defined by a T-score in the interval >-2.5 to <-1.0 (osteopenia) or ≤-2.5 (osteoporosis). We analysed the association of low BMD with risk of subsequent incident fractures, adjusted for sociodemographics, other risk factors and covariables, using multivariable proportional hazards regression. Results Among 1,006 participants analysed (median age 43 years [IQR 36–49], 83% male, 67% non-Hispanic white, median CD4+ T-cell count 461 cells/mm3 [IQR 311–658]), 36% ( n=358) had osteopenia and 4% ( n=37) osteoporosis; 67 had a prior fracture documented. During 4,068 person-years of observation after DXA scanning, 85 incident fractures occurred, predominantly rib/sternum ( n=18), hand ( n=14), foot ( n=13) and wrist ( n=11). In multivariable analyses, osteoporosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.02, 95% CI 2.02, 8.01) and current/prior tobacco use (aHR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02, 2.50) were associated with incident fracture. Conclusions In this large sample of HIV-infected adults in the US, low baseline BMD was significantly associated with elevated risk of incident fracture. There is potential value of DXA screening in this population.