bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using concurrent DNA tracer injections to infer glacial flow pathways
Authors: Dahlke Helen E. , Williamson Andrew G. , Georgakakos Christine , Leung Selene , Sharma Asha N. , Lyon Steve W. , Walter M. Todd 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCatchment hydrology has become replete with flow pathway characterizations obtained via combinations of physical hydrologic measurements (e.g. streamflow hydrographs) and natural tracer signals (e.g. stable water isotopes and geochemistry). In this study, we explored how our understanding of hydrologic flow pathways can be improved and expanded in both space and time by the simultaneous application of engineered synthetic DNA tracers. In this study, we compared the advective–dispersive transport properties and mass recovery rates of two types of synthetic DNA tracers, one consisting of synthetic DNA strands encapsulated into biodegradable microspheres and another consisting of ‘free’ DNA, i.e. not encapsulated. The DNA tracers were also compared with a conservative fluorescent dye. All tracers were injected into a small (3.2‐km2) valley glacier, Storglaciären, in northern Sweden. Seven of the nine DNA tracers showed clear recovery during the sampling period and similar peak arrival times and dispersion coefficients as the conservative fluorescent dye. However, recovered DNA tracer mass ranged only from 1% to 66%, while recovered fluorescent dye mass was 99%. Resulting from the cold and opaque subglacial environment provided by the glacier, mass loss associated with microbial activity and photochemical degradation of the DNA is likely negligible, leaving sorption of DNA tracers onto suspended particles and loss of microtracer particles to sediment storage as probable explanations. Despite the difference in mass recovery, the advection and dispersion information derived from the DNA tracer breakthrough curves provided spatially explicit information that allowed inferring a theoretical model of the flow pathways that water takes through the glacier. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhinovirus wheezing illness in infancy is associated with medically attended third year wheezing in low risk infants: results of a healthy birth cohort study
Authors: de Winter Janneke J. H. , Bont Louis , Wilbrink Berry , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Smit Henriette A. , Houben Michiel L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRhinoviruses may be pathogens contributing to the development of childhood wheezing. However, their role in low risk infants without an asthmatic predisposition is unknown. Knowing which healthy, low risk children are at increased risk for childhood wheezing after rhinovirus wheezing illness (RV‐WI) in infancy, might help in developing prevention and treatment strategies for childhood wheezing. The aim of this study was to determine the association of medically attended wheezing at the age of three with RV‐WI in the first year of life in low risk children without parental asthma. In a low risk, prospective birth cohort study, we followed 181 healthy born children from birth through the third year of life. We considered children ‘low risk’ if neither parent had a doctor's diagnosis of asthma. We determined infant RV‐WI by parent‐reported wheezing (based on daily logs) and simultaneous molecular rhinovirus detection in the first year of life. Respiratory function and blood eosinophil count were both measured in the first month of life. The primary outcome, third year wheezing, was defined as the use of prescribed inhaled asthma medications together with a doctor's visit for respiratory symptoms in the third year of life. We calculated the association of RV‐WI with medically attended third year wheezing and other known possible risk factors for wheezing at the age of three. Among low risk children, third year wheezing was observed in 7 out of 18 (39%) children with versus 10 out of 163 (6%) children without infant RV‐WI (OR 9.7, 95% CI 3.1–33.5, P < 0.0001). The association between RV‐WI and third year wheezing was unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders such as eosinophilia and atopic eczema. RV‐WI is a robust and independent risk factor for third year wheezing in low risk children without parental asthma. Future research will identify and protect those children at increased risk for RV‐WI.
A general exit strategy of monoheme cytochromes c and c2 in electron transfer complexes?
Authors: De March Matteo , Brancatelli Giovanna , Demitri Nicola , De Zorzi Rita , Hickey Neal , Geremia Silvano 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUsing our previously reported maps of the electrostatic surface of horse heart ferri‐ and ferro‐cyt c, comparisons were made between the complementary electrostatic surfaces of three cyt c peroxidase–cyt c complexes and the photosynthetic reaction center–cyt c complex, considering both iron oxidation states. The results obtained were consistent with a sliding mechanism for the electron shuttle on the surface of the protein complexes, promoted by the change in iron oxidation state. This mechanism was found to be in agreement with theoretical and NMR studies reported in the literature. Importantly, the analysis also provided a rationale for recognition of nonproductive associations. As we have previously reported the same conclusion on examination of redox partners of cyt c in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway, our hypothesis is that the proposed mechanism could represent a general exit strategy of monoheme cyts c and c2 in electron transfer complexes. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(9):694–700, 2015
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Sunset Yellow and Quinoline Yellow in a Single Step
Authors: Asadpour‐Zeynali Karim , Manafi‐Khoshmanesh Sara 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this work a new modified standard addition method for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Sunset yellow (SY) and Quinoline yellow (QY) is used. The generalized Net Analyte Signal Standard Addition Method (GNASSAM) was introduced for simultaneous standard addition of analytes. By applying this method the concentrations of analytes are determined in a single step. The applicability of new method was used for the simultaneous determination of strongly overlapped spectra of SY and QY in a real sample without using any separation step. GNASSAM was also used to calculate figures of merit. Moreover, good limits of detection (SY=0.13 and QY=0.16 mg L −1) and suitable selectivity and sensitivity were determined. HPLC method was applied for finding subspace in binary mixtures of real samples. The results of investigated method for real sample were compared with HPLC results. The obtained results were in a good agreement with those of HPLC method.
Organic Dyes Containing a 1,3‐indandione Moiety as Light Harvesting Materials
Authors: Chou Po‐Ting , Lin Yan‐Duo , Chang Yuan Jay , Liu Ching‐Yang , Chow Tahsin J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOrganic dipolar compounds containing a 1,3‐indandione‐5,6‐dicarboxylic acid moiety as an electron acceptor group were examined for the feasibility of using as the light harvesting material in dye‐sensitized solar cells. Two compounds with triphenylamine donor moieties were synthesized by attaching it to 1,3‐indandione‐5,6‐dicarboxylic acid. The device made with these simple dyes achieved a quantum yield up to 2.5 %, which is comparable to the widely used dye made with cyanoacrylic acid. The spectroscopic properties of these compounds were analysed with the aid of theoretical models according to the time‐dependent density functional theory.
Extended‐release but not immediate‐release and subcutaneous methylnaltrexone antagonizes the loperamide‐induced delay of whole‐gut transit time in healthy subjects
Authors: Kolbow Julia , Modess Christiane , Wegner Danilo , Oswald Stefan , Maritz Martina Alice , Rey Hélène , Weitschies Werner , Siegmund Werner 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMethylnaltrexone (MNTX) is approved for subcutaneous treatment (MNTX‐SC) of opioid induced constipation. MNTX in oral immediate‐release (MNTX‐IR) and extended‐release (MNTX‐ER) dosage forms may antagonize the opioid induced delay in oro‐cecal transit time (OCT) as measured by using radiolabeled lactulose. Because lactulose acts laxative by its own and efficacy of MNTX on colon transit time (CTT) was unknown, the opioid antagonistic effects MNTX‐IR and MNTX‐ER (both 500 mg) relative to MNTX‐SC (12 mg) were evaluated in 15 healthy subjects with loperamide (LOP, 3 × 4 mg, 12 hourly) induced experimental constipation using the sulfasalazine/sulfapyridine method and radio‐opaque markers to measure OCT and whole gut transit time (WGT). MNTX‐ER significantly antagonized the LOP effects in 12 of our 15 subjects who responded to LOP with prolongation of WGT by 20.6–74.1 h (OCT by 0.50–10.5 h, CTT by 18.3–73.6 h). MNTX‐SC and MNTX‐IR were without significant influence. Compared to MNTX‐SC, bioavailability of MNTX‐IR and MNTX‐ER was 1.53–5.49 % and 0.11–1.24 %, respectively. MNTX‐SC and MNTX‐IR achieved active serum levels only for ∼3–5 h. MNTX‐ER antagonized the opioid‐induced delay of CTT most likely by local effects on µ‐opioid receptors in the colon.
Effects of UGT1A1 genotype on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicities of belinostat administered by 48‐hour continuous infusion in patients with cancer
Authors: Goey Andrew K. L. , Sissung Tristan M. , Peer Cody J. , Trepel Jane B. , Lee Min‐Jung , Tomita Yusuke , Ehrlich Sheryl , Bryla Christine , Balasubramaniam Sanjeeve , Piekarz Richard , Steinberg Seth M. , Bates Susan E. , Figg William D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat is eliminated through glucuronidation by UGT1A1. Polymorphisms that reduce UGT1A1 function could result in increased belinostat exposure and toxicities. We wanted to determine which single‐nucleotide polymorphisms alter belinostat exposure and toxicity. In a phase 1 trial (belinostat over 48 hours in combination with cisplatin and etoposide), belinostat (400, 500, 600, or 800 mg/m2/24 h, 48‐hour continuous infusion) was administered to patients with cancer in combination with cisplatin and etoposide (n = 25). Patients were genotyped for UGT1A1 variants associated with reduced function: UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*28, and UGT1A1*60. End points were associations between UGT1A1 genotype and belinostat pharmacokinetics (PK), toxicities, and global protein lysine acetylation (AcK). Belinostat AUC was increased (P = .003), and t1/2 increased (P = .0009) in UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*60 carriers who received more than 400 mg/m2/24 h. The incidence of grades 3–4 thrombocytopenia (P = .0081) was associated with UGT1A1 polymorphisms. The US Food and Drug Administration–approved package insert recommends dose adjustment of belinostat for UGT1A1*28. However, our data suggest dose adjustment is also necessary for UGT1A1*60. UGT1A1 polymorphisms were associated with increased systemic belinostat exposure, increased AcK, and increased incidence of toxicities, particularly at doses > 400 mg/m2/24 h.
Predicting mule deer recruitment from climate oscillations for harvest management on the northern Great Plains
Authors: Ciuti Simone , Jensen William F. , Nielsen Scott E. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe analyzed a unique 51‐year time series for a population of mule deer in the North Dakota badlands, USA to examine the effects of seasonal weather on autumn recruitment. Winter weather recorded prior to birth of fawns and weather conditions recorded during spring the previous year (lagged effect), but not during spring or summer after birth, were related to observed patterns in autumn recruitment. When deer density was low (approx. 1 deer/km2) during the 1960s, fawn/female ratios were high ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 when minimum temperatures during the prior winter averaged −16° C and −8° C, respectively. Likewise, during the 2000s, when deer density was high (approx. 3 deer/km2), fawn/female ratios ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 when minimum daily temperatures during the previous winter were −16° C and −8° C, respectively. Large‐scale Pacific‐based climatic indices (>2,000 km to the Pacific coast) were correlated with local weather and helped explain variability in autumn recruitment. Higher values of the multivariate el niño southern oscillation and Pacific decadal oscillation were correlated with warmer and drier winters in the North Dakota badlands, whereas the North Pacific Index was correlated with colder and snowy winters. The ability to predict recruitment from local weather or from broad‐scale climate indices (oscillations) provides greater opportunities for conservation and management, such as adjusting harvest quotas prior to autumn harvest. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Aspalathin improves glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes exposed to palmitate
Authors: Mazibuko Sithandiwe E. , Joubert Elizabeth , Johnson Rabia , Louw Johan , Opoku Andrew R. , Muller Christo J. F. 
Published: August 2015

ScopeSaturated‐free fatty acids, such as palmitate, are associated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to establish if an aspalathin‐enriched green rooibos extract (GRE) and, its major flavanoid, aspalathin (ASP) could contribute significantly to the amelioration of experimentally induced insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.Methods and results3T3‐L1 adipocytes were cultured in DMEM containing 0.75 mM palmitate for 16 h to induce insulin resistance before treatment for 3 h with GRE (10 μg/mL) or ASP (10 μM). GRE and ASP reversed the palmitate‐induced insulin resistance. At a protein level GRE and ASP suppressed nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐κB), insulin receptor substrate one (serine 307) (IRS1 (Ser 307)) and AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation and increased serine/threonine kinase AKT (AKT) activation, while only GRE increased glucose transporter four (Glut4) protein expression. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα and γ), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase one (CPT1) expression were increased by ASP alone.ConclusionTogether these effects offer a plausible explanation for the ameliorative effect of GRE and ASP on insulin‐resistance, an underlying cause for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Systematic analysis of the polyphenol metabolome using the Phenol‐Explorer database
Authors: Rothwell Joseph A. , Urpi‐Sarda Mireia , Boto‐Ordoñez Maria , Llorach Rafael , Farran‐Codina Andreu , Barupal Dinesh Kumar , Neveu Vanessa , Manach Claudine , Andres‐Lacueva Cristina , Scalbert Augustin 
Published: August 2015

ScopeThe Phenol‐Explorer web database details 383 polyphenol metabolites identified in human and animal biofluids from 221 publications. Here, we exploit these data to characterize and visualize the polyphenol metabolome, the set of all metabolites derived from phenolic food components.Methods and resultsQualitative and quantitative data on 383 polyphenol metabolites as described in 424 human and animal intervention studies were systematically analyzed. Of these metabolites, 301 were identified without prior enzymatic hydrolysis of biofluids, and included glucuronide and sulfate esters, glycosides, aglycones, and O‐methyl ethers. Around one‐third of these compounds are also known as food constituents and corresponded to polyphenols absorbed without further metabolism. Many ring‐cleavage metabolites formed by gut microbiota were noted, mostly derived from hydroxycinnamates, flavanols, and flavonols. Median maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of all human metabolites were 0.09 and 0.32 μM when consumed from foods or dietary supplements, respectively. Median time to reach maximum plasma concentration in humans (Tmax) was 2.18 h.ConclusionThese data show the complexity of the polyphenol metabolome and the need to take into account biotransformations to understand in vivo bioactivities and the role of dietary polyphenols in health and disease.
Sulforaphane inhibits damage‐induced poly (ADP‐ribosyl)ation via direct interaction of its cellular metabolites with PARP‐1
Authors: Piberger Ann Liza , Keil Claudia , Platz Stefanie , Rohn Sascha , Hartwig Andrea 
Published: August 2015

ScopeThe isothiocyanate sulforaphane, a major breakdown product of the broccoli glucosinolate glucoraphanin, has frequently been proposed to exert anticarcinogenic properties. Potential underlying mechanisms include a zinc release from Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 followed by the induction of detoxifying enzymes. This suggests that sulforaphane may also interfere with other zinc‐binding proteins, e.g. those essential for DNA repair. Therefore, we explored the impact of sulforaphane on poly (ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1), poly (ADP‐ribosyl)ation (PARylation), and DNA single‐strand break repair (SSBR) in cell culture.Methods and resultsImmunofluorescence analyses showed that sulforaphane diminished H2O2‐induced PARylation in HeLa S3 cells starting from 15 μM despite increased lesion induction under these conditions. Subcellular experiments quantifying the damage‐induced incorporation of 32P‐ADP‐ribose by PARP‐1 displayed no direct impact of sulforaphane itself, but cellular metabolites, namely the glutathione conjugates of sulforaphane and its interconversion product erucin, reduced PARP‐1 activity concentration dependently. Interestingly, this sulforaphane metabolite‐induced PARP‐1 inhibition was prevented by thiol compounds. PARP‐1 is a stimulating factor for DNA SSBR‐rate and we further demonstrated that 25 μM sulforaphane also delayed the rejoining of H2O2‐induced DNA strand breaks, although this might be partly due to increased lesion frequencies.ConclusionSulforaphane interferes with damage‐induced PARylation and SSBR, which implies a sulforaphane‐dependent impairment of genomic stability.
A generalized finite‐strain damage model for quasi‐incompressible hyperelasticity using hybrid formulation
Authors: Comellas Ester , Bellomo Facundo J. , Oller Sergio 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA new generalized damage model for quasi‐incompressible hyperelasticity in a total Lagrangian finite‐strain framework is presented. A Kachanov‐like reduction factor (1 − D) is applied on the deviatoric part of the hyperelastic constitutive model. Linear and exponential softening are defined as damage evolution laws, both describable in terms of only two material parameters. The model is formulated following continuum damage mechanics theory such that it can be particularized for any hyperelastic model based on the volumetric–isochoric split of the Helmholtz free energy. However, in the present work, it has been implemented in an in‐house finite element code for neo‐Hooke and Ogden hyperelasticity. The details of the hybrid formulation used are also described. A couple of three‐dimensional examples are presented to illustrate the main characteristics of the damage model. The results obtained reproduce a wide range of softening behaviors, highlighting the versatility of the formulation proposed. The damage formulation has been developed to be used in conjunction with mixing theory in order to model the behavior of fibered biological tissues. As an example, the markedly different behaviors of the fundamental components of the rectus sheath were reproduced using the damage model, obtaining excellent correlation with the experimental results from literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Study of a Diesel‐Filled Airtight Structure Unit Subjected to Shaped Charge Jet Impact
Authors: Gao Zhen‐Yu , Huang Zheng‐Xiang , Guo Min , Zu Xu‐Dong , Xiao Qiang‐Qiang , Jia Xin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDiesel composite armor has high penetration resistance and can be used in tank vehicles to improve their protective capability and increase fuel oil storage. This study provides a theoretical calculation method to investigate the interaction between a shaped charge jet and a diesel‐filled airtight structure unit. Disturbance theory can predict the part of the jet that is disturbed by diesel fuel. The lumen radius for the container was varied to study its influence on the disturbance capability. A great lumen radius is found to cause lower maximum and minimum speeds of the disturbance velocity range of the jet, as well as a narrower disturbance velocity range. The reliability of the theoretical results was validated by experiments, and the experimental data show good agreement with the theoretical results.
A Qualitative Study into Egyptian Patients' Satisfaction with Physiotherapy Management of Low Back Pain
Authors: Ali Nancy , May Stephen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and purposeThere is strong evidence suggesting that patient satisfaction may improve therapy outcomes independent of the treatment given. Thus the aim of this study is to explore Egyptian patients' expectations and satisfaction with physical therapy management of low back pain.MethodsA qualitative study design involving two focus groups and 10 semi‐structured interviews; all discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a Framework analysis approach.ResultsThe five final themes were about outcome of the treatment episode, the therapist characteristics, their ability to provide patient education, the service provision and involvement in the decision‐making process.ConclusionThe therapeutic encounter between patients and therapists in an episode of back care is complex and reflects the multidimensional nature of patient satisfaction. Participants had several criteria according to which they evaluated the quality of care and were able to determine when these criteria were met or not during physiotherapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential unfolding of the hemolysin two‐partner secretion domain from Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Wimmer Megan R. , Woods Christopher N. , Adamczak Kyle J. , Glasgow Evan M. , Novak Walter R.P. , Grilley Daniel P. , Weaver Todd M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProtein secretion is a major contributor to Gram‐negative bacterial virulence. Type Vb or two‐partner secretion (TPS) pathways utilize a membrane bound β‐barrel B component (TpsB) to translocate large and predominantly virulent exoproteins (TpsA) through a nucleotide independent mechanism. We focused our studies on a truncated TpsA member termed hemolysin A (HpmA265), a structurally and functionally characterized TPS domain from Proteus mirabilis. Contrary to the expectation that the TPS domain of HpmA265 would denature in a single cooperative transition, we found that the unfolding follows a sequential model with three distinct transitions linking four states. The solvent inaccessible core of HpmA265 can be divided into two different regions. The C‐proximal region contains nonpolar residues and forms a prototypical hydrophobic core as found in globular proteins. The N‐proximal region of the solvent inaccessible core, however, contains polar residues. To understand the contributions of the hydrophobic and polar interiors to overall TPS domain stability, we conducted unfolding studies on HpmA265 and site‐specific mutants of HpmA265. By correlating the effect of individual site‐specific mutations with the sequential unfolding results we were able to divide the HpmA265 TPS domain into polar core, nonpolar core, and C‐terminal subdomains. Moreover, the unfolding studies provide quantitative evidence that the folding free energy for the polar core subdomain is more favorable than for the nonpolar core and C‐terminal subdomains. This study implicates the hydrogen bonds shared among these conserved internal residues as a primary means for stabilizing the N‐proximal polar core subdomain.