bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Heterocyclic Amines in Salami and Ham Pizza Toppings During Baking of Frozen Pizza
Authors: Gibis Monika , Weiss Jochen 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are formed as Maillard reaction products in the crust of meat products during heating processes. Two typical pizza toppings—salami and cooked ham—were analyzed for the presence of HAs after baking frozen pizzas at top and bottom temperatures of 250 and 230 °C, respectively. After baking pizza slices for 12 min, MeIQx (2‐amino‐3,4,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline; 0.2 ng/g), 4,8‐DiMeIQx (2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline; 0.5 ng/g), PhIP (2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine; 0.2 ng/g), norharman (4.5 ng/g), and harman (2.5 ng/g) were found in the ham toppings, whereas only the comutagenic norharman (107.4 ng/g) and harman (11.4 ng/g) were found in the salami toppings. The content of MeIQx and 4,8‐DiMeIQx in ham increased from 0.3 to 1.8 ng/g and 0.8 to 1.6 ng/g, respectively, when the recommended baking time was increased from 15 min (manufacturer's specification) to 18 min at 230 °C. MeIQx was formed in salami when the heating time was extended to 18 min. Moreover, higher concentrations of PhIP in salami or ham slices were found when baking temperatures were 250 °C rather than 230 °C (baking time of 12 min). However, sensory tests showed that panelists preferred longer‐baked pizzas due to an increased crispiness. Thus, results show that a substantial formation of HAs may occur in pizza toppings such as ham and salami, with ham being particularly susceptible when compared to salami. Formation of HAs increases with increasing baking time and temperature. The occurrence of the cupping of ham or salami slices during baking may also increase the formation of HAs.
Characterization of Extruded and Toasted Milk Protein Concentrates
Authors: Banach J. C. , Clark S. , Lamsal B. P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractImportant functional properties of milk protein concentrate with 80% protein (MPC80), modified with low‐ and high‐shear extrusion, or low‐temperature toasting were compared. The effect of high‐ and low‐shear profile screws in a corotating twin‐screw extruder, and 4 different ramped temperature profiles with die temperatures of 65, 75, 90, and 120 °C were compared. Extrudates were pelletized, dried, and ground to a fine powder. Toasting was done at 75 and 110 °C for 4 h for milk protein modification. Extruded and toasted MPC80 had reduced protein solubility and surface hydrophobicity. Extrusion decreased water‐holding capacity (WHC). Toasted MPC80 had increased WHC when treated at 75 °C, but WHC decreased when heated at 110 °C. The treatments had no strong influence on gel strength. Reduced and nonreduced sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed peptide structural changes that occurred due to processing, especially for whey proteins. Results are discussed in terms of potential for application of extruded or toasted MPC80 in high‐protein nutrition bar applications.
Sweet Wine Production by Two Osmotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains
Authors: García‐Martínez Teresa , de Lerma Nieves López , Moreno Juan , Peinado Rafael A. , Millán M. Carmen , Mauricio Juan C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce sweet wine is difficult because yeast is affected by a hyperosmotic stress due to the high sugar concentrations in the fermenting must. One possible alternative could be the coimmobilization of the osmotolerant yeast strains S. cerevisiae X4 and X5 on Penicillium chrysogenum strain H3 (GRAS) for the partial fermentation of raisin musts. This immobilized has been, namely, as yeast biocapsules. Traditional sweet wine (that is, without fermentation of the must) and must partially fermented by free yeast cells were also used for comparison. Partially fermented sweet wines showed higher concentration of the volatile compounds than traditionally produced wines. The wines obtained by immobilized yeast cells reached minor concentrations of major alcohols than wines by free cells. The consumption of specific nitrogen compounds was dependent on yeast strain and the cellular immobilization. A principal component analysis shows that the compounds related to the response to osmotic stress (glycerol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, and butanediol) clearly differentiate the wines obtained with free yeasts but not the wines obtained with immobilized yeasts.
Soft hammerstone percussion use in bidirectional blade‐tool production at Acila 36 and in bifacial knapping at Shagra (Qatar)
Authors: Pelegrin Jacques , Inizan Marie‐Louise 
Published: April 2013

A new observation of the flint industry from site 36 at Acila (Qatar) reveals that its blade production, issued from bidirectional cores, was practised using the ‘soft‐stone direct percussion technique’. In addition to the similarity of the knapping method (shape of the blade core, intended light straight blades used as tanged arrowhead point blanks), the technique used to produce this ‘Blade Arrowhead Culture’ first described by H. Kapel about fifty years ago, provides yet another argument for a Levantine origin.Soft‐stone percussion was also detected as the main shaping technique of foliate and tanged and barbed points in the more recent Qatari site of Shagra.
The Neolithic period in the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah (UAE)
Authors: Uerpmann Hans‐Peter , Uerpmann Margarethe , Kutterer Adelina , Jasim Sabah A. 
Published: April 2013

Stratified sites at Jebel Faya in the Central Region of the Emirate of Sharjah provide evidence for successive ‘facies’ of the Neolithic period. The oldest facies — found at FAY‐NE 1 — yielded 14C dates in the late ninth millennium cal BC and is characterised by blade arrowheads which are morphologically similar to PPNB points. With 14C dates from the late eighth and early seventh millennia cal BC, a techno‐complex of large flint artefacts from FAY‐NE10 represents the second Neolithic facies in the area. A sheep tooth from FAY‐NE10, associated to the third facies — characterised by trihedral rods — provides evidence for a Neolithic economy. The respective layer contains numerous small fragments of cremated human bone. It dates to around 6000 cal BC. The fourth facies corresponds to the well‐known ‘Arabian Bifacial Tradition’ and has radiocarbon dates from just before 5000 cal BC to just after 4000 cal BC. The Final Neolithic — found at shell‐middens on the coast of the Gulf of Oman — is to date not represented in the interior.
Considering marine transgression as a mechanism for enforced migration and the littoral Gulf ʿUbaid phenomenon
Authors: Cuttler Richard 
Published: April 2013

ʿUbaid pottery was famously recorded by H.R. Hall during the excavation of a tell mound at Al ʿUbaid, and for nearly half a century became associated with the origins of urbanisation and developments in social hierarchy in southern Mesopotamia. The discovery in 1968 of ʿUbaid pottery around the western Gulf littoral, some 1000 km to the south of Mesopotamia, raised questions regarding the nature of interaction between these two societies. This paper considers the origins of this interaction and the effects of geomorphology, hydrology and the palaeoenvironment on regional migration. The extent to which topography and marine transgression were a catalyst for migration is also discussed as well as how, or if, such factors influenced post‐transgression settlement dynamics.
Ownership Structure, Intensive Board Monitoring, and Firm Value: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Byun Hee Sub , Lee Ji Hye , Park Kyung Suh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article measures proxies for intensive board monitoring using Korean corporate governance data. We find that intensive board monitoring has a positive effect on firm value in Korea. We also explore the relationship between controlling shareholders' ownership and intensive board monitoring efficiency. We confirm that direct ownership by controlling shareholders moderates the relationship between intensive board monitoring and firm value. For firms with greater disparity between controlling shareholders' control rights and cash flow rights, the effect of intensive board monitoring on firm value decreases. These results suggest that the interplay among various internal control mechanisms affects corporate governance efficiency.
Sentinel node biopsy and large (≥3 cm) breast cancer
Authors: Beumer Jesse D. , Gill Grantley , Campbell Ian , Wetzig Neil , Ung Owen , Farshid Gelareh , Uren Roger , Stockler Martin , Gebski Val 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSentinel node biopsy is an accurate method for staging the axilla in early (small) breast cancers. However, data for the role of this technique for large breast cancers remain limited.MethodFrom the Royal Adelaide Hospital Sentinel Node database and the SNAC trial database, 100 subjects were identified with clinically node negative, large (≥3 cm) primary breast cancer who had undergone sentinel node biopsy and immediate axillary clearance. The pathology results from the sentinel node and axillary specimens were analysed.ResultsAverage tumour size was 3.91 cm (range 3–10 cm) and 65 of 100 cases had metastatic disease in the axillary nodes. A sentinel node was successfully identified in 93 out of 100 cases with an average of 1.75 sentinel nodes sampled. Sixty‐two per cent (58 out of 93) were sentinel node positive and 43% (43 out of 100) had a positive non‐sentinel node. The false negative rate following successful sentinel node identification was 4.9% (3 out of 61).ConclusionSentinel node biopsy was an accurate tool for staging the axilla with a false negative rate comparable to that seen in small tumours. However, given the increased incidence of metastases with larger cancers, further prospective investigation is warranted.
Development of neuromotor functions in very low birth weight children from six to 10 years of age: patterns of change
Authors: Natalucci Giancarlo , Schneider Michel , Werner Helene , Caflisch Jon A , Bucher Hans U , Jenni Oskar G , Latal Beatrice 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo assess patterns of change for different neuromotor functions in very low birth weight (VLBW) children during school age and to identify factors associated with improvement.MethodsIn a longitudinal study, we examined 65 prospectively enrolled VLBW children (38 female, 59%) without cerebral palsy at age six and 10 years. Measures included the evaluation of timed motor performance and motor overflow (MO) for the motor components of the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (pure motor‐, adaptive fine‐ and gross motor tasks, static balance) and a standardized neurological examination. Variables associated with improvement were assessed by multiple regression analyses.ResultsBetween six and 10 years, adaptive fine motor tasks (40% vs. 17% of children scoring below 10th percentile) and MO (77% vs. 55%) improved significantly (both p<0.01), while all other components remained stable (pure motor 23% vs. 25%, adaptive gross motor 26% vs. 34%, static balance 18% vs. 20%, respectively). Mild neurological abnormalities at 6 years of age were associated with less improvement.ConclusionNeuromotor functions improve in some children potentially reflecting catch up of maturational delay. However, the majority of neuromotor functions remain abnormal in a significant proportion of VLBW children.
Effect of plant phenolic compounds on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Plyuta Vladimir , Zaitseva Julia , Lobakova Elena , Zagoskina Natalia , Kuznetsov Alexander , Khmel Inessa 
Published: April 2013

In the natural environment, bacteria predominantly exist in matrix‐enclosed multicellular communities associated with various surfaces, referred to as biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms are extremely resistant to antibacterial agents thus causing serious problems for antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we showed that different plant phenolic compounds, at concentrations that did not or weakly suppressed bacterial growth, increased the capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to form biofilms. Biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was enhanced 3‐ to 7‐fold under the action of vanillin and epicatechin, and 2‐ to 2.5‐fold in the presence of 4‐hydroxybenzoic, gallic, cinnamic, sinapic, ferulic, and chlorogenic acids. At higher concentrations, these compounds displayed an inhibiting effect. Similar experiments carried out for comparison with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 showed the same pattern. Vanillin, 4‐hydroxybenzoic, and gallic acids at concentrations within the range of 40 to 400 μg/mL increased the production of N–3‐oxo‐dodecanoyl‐homoserine lactone in P. aeruginosa PAO1 which suggests a possible relationship between stimulation of biofilm formation and Las Quorum Sensing system of this bacterium. Using biosensors to detect N‐acyl‐homoserine lactones (AHL), we demonstrated that the plant phenolics studied did not mimic AHLs.
Risk factors for depression and anxiety among pregnant women in Hospital Tuanku Bainun, Ipoh, Malaysia
Authors: Fadzil Ariff , Balakrishnan Kartini , Razali Rosdinom , Sidi Hatta , Malapan Thinakaran , Japaraj Robert Peter , Midin Marhani , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Das Srijit , Manaf Mohd Rizal Abdul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionAnxiety and depression are prevalent during pregnancy. Estimates of the prevalence of anxiety and depression during pregnancy vary according to the criteria used, variable methodologies and population characteristics.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey design was used. A total of 175 antenatal mothers participated. Their socio‐demographic and obstetric histories were recorded. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) were used.ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders among antenatal mothers using diagnostic clinical interview were 9.1% and 8.6%, respectively. Factors associated with antenatal anxiety were marital status (being unmarried), positive history of mental illness, gestational age (<20 weeks), unplanned pregnancy and depressive comorbidity. However, only gestational age of less than 20 weeks and depressive disorder remained significant factors in the multivariate analysis.DiscussionThe prevalence rate of antenatal depression detected by HADS screening was comparable to the rate from diagnostic interview, but there was a slight overestimation for antenatal anxiety. Nonetheless, HADS as a screening tool offers a practical solution for detecting these two conditions in a busy antenatal clinic or a large epidemiological survey. In view of the deleterious effects of antenatal anxiety and depression on mothers and children, these two conditions should be screened and managed appropriately.
Sexual desire disorder in female healthcare personnel in Malaysia
Authors: Grewal Gurdeep Singh , Gill Jesjeet Singh , Sidi Hatta , Gurpreet Kaur , Jambunathan Stephen Thevanathan , Suffee Nusrat J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for female sexual desire disorder (FSDD) among healthcare personnel at selected healthcare facilities in Malaysia.MethodsTwo hundred and one female healthcare workers from three large tertiary hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling to participate in this cross‐sectional study. Validated questionnaires were used to assess depression, anxiety, and sexual function in women and erectile dysfunction (ED) in their partners.ResultsThe prevalence of FSDD was 18.9%. Women with low sexual desire were more likely to have higher educational attainment (OR = 3.06; 95% CI; 1.22–7.66), lower frequency of sexual intercourse (OR = 12.81; 95% CI; 4.43–37.83), two or more children (OR = 3.05; 95% CI; 1.02–9.09), duration of marriage of 20 years or more (OR = 2.62; 95% CI; 1.27–5.40), and a spouse with ED (OR = 2.86; 95% CI; 1.08–7.56).DiscussionFSDD is common among female healthcare personnel in Malaysia, affecting nearly one in five women. The implication of low sexual desire is important in terms of contributing to a meaningful sexual relationship, and indirectly affects the quality of life of the healthcare personnel.
Risk and associated factors of female sexual orgasmic disorder in women with hypertension in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Latif Rozimah , Muhamad Rosediani , Kanagasundram Sharmilla , Sidi Hatta , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Midin Marhani , Das Srijit , Ng Chong Guan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to examine the risk of female sexual orgasmic disorder among a group of women with hypertension in Malaysia. The associated factors were also examined.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 348 hypertensive women attending the primary care or hypertension clinic in a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Female sexual orgasmic disorder was assessed using the Orgasmic subscale of the Malay Version of the Female Sexual Function Index (MVFSFI). Basic socio‐demographic data of the subjects was collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Medical records were reviewed to gather patients' medical information.ResultsThe risk of female sexual orgasmic disorder among hypertensive women was 14.1%. Univariate analysis found that older age, longer duration of marriage, lower educational level, and menopause were associated with higher risk of female sexual orgasmic disorder. These factors were not significant in multivariate analysis.DiscussionThe risk of female sexual orgasmic disorder was relatively low in Malaysian women with hypertension. No risk factors were associated with female sexual orgasmic disorder in the current study.
Phases of female sexual response cycle among Malaysian women with Infertility: A factor analysis study
Authors: Seen Heng Yeoh , Sidi Hatta , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Razali Rosdinom , Ram Hari 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionThis cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the construct of the phases of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) among women attending an infertility clinic in a Malaysian tertiary center.MethodsThe sexual response phases were measured with a validated Malay version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The correlation structure of the items of the SRC phases (i.e. desire, arousal, orgasm, satisfaction and pain) was determined using principal component analysis (PCA), with varimax rotation method. The number of factors obtained was decided using Kaiser's criteria.ResultsA total of 150 married women with a mean age of 32 years participated in this study. Factor loadings using PCA with varimax rotation divided the sexual domains into three components. The first construct comprised sexual arousal, lubrication and pain (suggesting a mechanical component). The second construct were orgasm and sexual satisfaction (suggesting a physical achievement). Sexual desire, suggesting a psychological component, stood on its own as the third.DiscussionThe findings suggest that three constructs could be identified and in favor of the Basson model (a non‐linear concept of SRC) for Malaysian women's sexual functioning. Understanding this would help clinicians to strategize the treatment approach of sexual dysfunction in women with infertility.
Maternal psychological state during the transition to motherhood: A longitudinal study
Authors: Mortazavi Forough , Chaman Reza , Mousavi Seyed Abbas , Khosravi Ahmad , Ajami Mohammad‐Esmaeil 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychological state of women and its associated factors in the third trimester of pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum and to explore the changes in psychological state between these two time points.MethodsThis survey study was carried out on 358 pregnant women visiting urban health centers in Shahroud, northeast Iran, in 2011. The women were followed at 8 weeks postpartum. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the participants completed the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28) and two other questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics and frequent psychosocial stressors. They also completed the GHQ‐28 and an obstetric information form at 8 weeks postpartum. The cutoff score for GHQ‐28 in Iran has been calculated as 24, which denotes probable psychological health problems.ResultsThe mean total GHQ score decreased from 23.7 in the third trimester of pregnancy to 18.8 postpartum (P < 0.001). The proportion of women with a GHQ‐28 score of 24 or higher in the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum were 42% and 26%, respectively. Multiparity, caring for other family members, financial problems, and anxiety about personal and fetal health were the predictors of psychological health problems in the third trimester of pregnancy. The two predictors for postpartum psychological health problems were psychological health problems in the third trimester of pregnancy and the method of infant feeding at 8 weeks postpartum.DiscussionThe prevalence of psychological symptoms was high among women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Psychological state of women improved after childbirth.
Development and content validation of a surgical safety checklist for operating theatres that use robotic technology
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Khan Nuzhath , Khan Mohammed Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: April 2013

Objectives
To identify and assess potential hazards in robot‐assisted urological surgery.
To develop a comprehensive checklist to be used in operating theatres with robotic technology.
Methods
Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (HFMEA), a risk assessment tool, was used in a urology operating theatre with innovative robotic technology in a UK teaching hospital between June and December 2011.
A 15‐member multidisciplinary team identified ‘failure modes’ through process mapping and flow diagrams.
Potential hazards were rated according to severity and frequency and scored using a ‘hazard score matrix’.
All hazards scoring ≥8 were considered for ‘decision tree’ analysis, which produced a list of hazards to be included in a surgical safety checklist.
Results
Process mapping highlighted three main phases: the anaesthesia phase, the operating phase and the postoperative handover to recovery phase.
A total of 51 failure modes were identified, 61% of which had a hazard score ≥8.
A total of 22 hazards were finalised via decision tree analysis and were included in the checklist.
The focus was on hazards specific to robotic urological procedures such as patient positioning (hazard score 12), port placement (hazard score 9) and robot docking/de‐docking (hazard score 12).
Conclusions
HFMEA identified hazards in an operating theatre with innovative robotic technologies which has led to the development of a surgical safety checklist.
Further work will involve validation and implementation of the checklist.