bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYMPTOMATIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS: PREVENTION OR MODIFICATION BY TREATMENT WITH DESICCATED THYROID*
Authors: Wren James C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo determine the possible effects of thyroid therapy on the course of atherosclerosis, 347 patients (173 males and 174 females) were selected for a five‐year study. The atherosclerosis was symptomatic in 132 patients (mean age, 64.5 years), and asymptomatic in 215 (mean age, 54.7). The asymptomatic patients were considered high risks, however, because of the presence of one or more of the following: nonspecific ECG abnormality, arterial hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia. Of the total group, approximately 9 per cent (31 of 347) were hypothyroid by laboratory tests; the remainder were euthyroid.All patients were treated with desiccated thyroid in physiological dosage. Substantial clinical improvement was measurable in a significant number of patients in both groups. The mean serum level of total cholesterol was reduced by 22.2 per cent. A more favorable ECG pattern was observed in 14 per cent. Cardiovascular morbidity was less than predicted. Eleven deaths (mean age of patients, 75) occurred during the study; in 10 of these cases there had been one or more symptomatic episodes of atherosclerosis before treatment. The mortality rate was 58 per cent of the expected rate for a matching population as drawn from New Jersey Life Tables, and 44 per cent of the expected rate as drawn from U. S. Life Tables. Thyroid therapy deserves a more extensive trial as a possible means of modifying or preventing the effects of atherosclerosis.
AGE AND THE KINETICS OF RESPONSE TO SUGARS AND INSULIN*
Authors: CALLOWAY N. O. , KUJAK RICHARD 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:The utilization of glucose, glucose + insulin, insulin, fructose, galactose and ribose (after intravenous injection) was studied in healthy subjects—6 of each age group (approximately 20, 40 and 80 years) in each of the 6 phases of the study.We confirmed that glucose is not used as well by the elderly as by the young. When glucose and insulin were given together, however, there was little variance with age. When insulin was given alone, there was no age difference regarding the rates of fall in the blood sugar level, but in the older subjects there was a slight slowing of the rate of recovery from the hypoglycemia. Fructose metabolism showed a slight variation with age; the older persons were not able to utilize fructose as rapidly as the younger persons. The same situation applied to galactose. Ribose utilization, however, was not affected by the age of the subject.
REPORT ON THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN TWENTY‐THIRD CONFERENCE ON AGING*
Authors: ROSS C. HOWARD 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:The 23rd Annual Conference on Aging, held at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, August 12–14, 1970, is reviewed. A general theme was developed for the role of the elderly in the 1970 decade. Plans were presented for the White House Conference in 1971. Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid—past, present and future—were expounded. Historical tributes were paid to social legislation and its architects. The subject of Health and Security for the Aged pervaded all sessions and workshops. Nationally recognized leaders provided the inspired faculty.
FAMILY CARE AS A USEFUL ALTERNATIVE TO THE LONG‐TERM HOSPITAL CONFINEMENT OF GEROPSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: RISDORFER EMMERICH N. , PRIMANIS GEORGE , DOZORETZ LOUIS 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:The present philosophy in the treatment of mental patients tends to bring the problem back to the community. In such a rehabilitative program, the Binghamton State Hospital is using supervised family‐care homes as a successful alternative to the long‐term hospital confinement of homeless geropsy‐chiatric patients.Within the administration of Binghamton State Hospital, there are 60 family‐care homes for 390 patients, of whom about one third are over 65 years of age. In some homes there are mixed populations with respect to both age and sex. In October 1969 there were 77 geriatric females and 36 geriatric males under family care. The average age was 69 for the females and 71 for the males. The average length of hospital stay before placement in family care was nine years and ten months. The average duration of residence in a family‐care home up to October 1969 was four years and four months. The homes are selected by the State Hospital Administration and are supervised by various teams of the unitized Broome County Unit. A team consists of a physician, a social worker, nurses, attendants, an occupational therapist and a recreational therapist. It instructs the family‐care “mother” and the patient about the various methods for resocialization, takes care of medical and psychiatric supervision, and makes arrangements for eventual working activities.Placement in a family‐care home has three practical results: 1) elderly psychiatric patients are returned to the community without being under the stress of having to manage their own daily problems; 2) in the hospital there is better utilization of the beds for patients who require residential treatment programs; and 3) family care is more economical for the hospital and, consequently, for society.
ARETAEUS ON DISEASE IN OLD AGE
Authors: Howell Trevor H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAretaeus the Cappadocian was one of the great physicians of antiquity. Excerpts are quoted from his descriptions of various acute and chronic diseases, especially in relation to old age. Two of his aphorisms are particularly pertinent: 1) “One must be fertile in expedients and not be satisfied to apply his mind entirely to the writings of others.” 2) “It is impossible to make all the sick well … but the physician can secure respite from pain, intervals in disease, and can render disease latent.”
PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL IN GERIATRIC MENTAL ILLNESS DURING THE ELEVEN YEARS AFTER INITIAL HOSPITAL ADMISSION*
Authors: Epstein Leon J. , Robinson Betsy C. , Simon Alexander 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn 1959, a study was made of 534 patients aged 60 or older admitted to the psychiatric observation ward of the San Francisco General Hospital. In a two‐year follow‐up period it was found that orientation, performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and ability for physical and social self‐maintenance were favorable prognostic signs.In 1970, data were available on 463 of the original sample, and unavailable on 71 (not included in this report). The proportion of survivors (which had been 67 per cent at one year) decreased steadily to 6 per cent at eleven years. The variables that were related to prognosis two years after admission continued to be the only significant predictors of survival; no new factors were established. The same trend was observed in a non‐hospital community sample of subjects. However, mortality was far greater in the hospital sample.
IMPORTANCE OF EARLY SURGERY IN BILIARY‐TRACT DISEASE
Authors: Case Thomas C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree case reports are presented on patients (ages, 71, 90 and 91) with long‐standing biliary disease who were successfully treated by surgery. However, the hazards and complications described might have been avoided if surgery had been undertaken earlier in life when the patients were in better physical condition to withstand the stress.
SPEECH REHABILITATION FOR THE GERIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Buckman Gerald F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMore attention should be paid to communication disorders in the geriatric population. Appropriate areas of referral to speech and hearing pathologists include aphasia and apraxia (so common after stroke), various dysarthrias (e.g., in parkinsonism), the requirements for esophageal artificial speech after laryngectomy, and presbycusis. Interdisciplinary cooperation will lead to complete rehabilitation services for all patients.
PREDICTIVE MEDICINE. XI. PROGNOSTIC LEVELS
Authors: Cheraskin E. , Ringsdorf W. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith a lamelleted sphere as a model, an analysis of the periphery of the human subject (symptoms and signs) is useful in providing a measure of the extent of disease. However, in itself, it has little utility in a predictive medicine program. In present multiple‐testing methods, correlation of the biochemical state with the symptoms and signs is the basis for making a diagnosis of classical disease. However, the predictive potential is limited. A predictive medicine program, to fulfill its true purpose, must view the total sphere in all its layers.
IMPROVED SURVIVAL OF BURNED AGED PATIENTS TREATED WITH 0.5% SILVER NITRATE
Authors: Hartford C. E. , Ziffren S. E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA review is presented of the data on aged patients with thermal burns involving more than 10 per cent of the body surface, treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals during the five‐year period 1965–1969. Thirty‐two patients, 60 years of age or older, were treated exclusively with 0.5% silver nitrate solution as the topical antibacterial agent. The result was a statistically significant lowering of the mortality rate to 10 per cent among the patients with burns involving less than 30 per cent of the body surface.
AGE‐DEPENDENT BONE LOSS AFTER GASTRECTOMY
Authors: Fujita Takuo , Okuyama Yamaji , Handa Noboru , Orimo Hajime , Ohata Masahiro , Yoshikawa Masaki , Akiyama Hiroshi , Kogure Takashi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClavicular cortical thickness measured in postero‐anterior chest roentgenograms was decreased in 53 patients after gastrectomy as compared with 447 males and 277 females in apparent health and 122 males and 109 females with peptic ulcer not surgically treated. This decline in clavicular cortical thickness became more pronounced as years elapsed after gastrectomy. Gastrectomy appeared to have accelerated the age‐dependent bone loss, possibly through interfering with calcium absorption and other nutritional intake.
THE GERIATRIC PATIENT: AGE‐DEPENDENT PHYSIOLOGIC AND PATHOLOGIC CHANGES
Authors: Lamy Peter P. , Kitler Mary Ellen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAge‐dependent physiologic and pathologic changes are discussed under the categories of the soft tissues, the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, skeletal and nervous systems, the genito‐urinary tract, the senses, speech, hearing, visual function, and the nutritional state.
FOOT PROBLEMS IN THE ELDERLY PATIENT
Authors: Hsu John D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA study was made of the foot problems of 426 elderly patients in the Foot Clinic of Baltimore City Hospitals. The disorders causing foot pain and disability were: circulatory (31 per cent), structural (21 per cent), nail and skin problems (36 per cent), neurogenic (8 per cent), and miscellaneous (4 per cent). Illustrative cases are discussed.The health of the feet is an important factor in the maintenance of the elderly patient's mobility and independence. Early recognition of foot lesions is essential in achieving this goal. In the early stages, simple therapeutic measures (foot hygiene and wearing proper shoes) often provide great relief and prevent further deterioration.
FEMORAL ARTERY COMPRESSION (THE ADDUCTOR‐CANAL SYNDROME): SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Pratt Gerald H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMuscular compression is an important precipitating factor in adductor‐canal occlusion of the femoral artery. The choice of surgical procedure depends upon the condition of the “run‐off” and collateral circulation. To the previous technic (preliminary sympathectomy, then a by‐pass or an endarterectomy plus a patch graft) the author had added periarterial sympathectomy and complete division of the adductor‐canal fascia and muscles, to relieve compression. Of more than 100 patients so treated, two‐thirds were over 65 years old. The good results make this an operation of choice compared to the “close up and do nothing procedure” in patients with impaired “run‐off” circulation.
THE CORONARY CARE UNIT AND MORTALITY FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A CONTINUED EVALUATION
Authors: Fagin I. Donald , Anandiah K. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo evaluate the influence of a coronary care unit (CCU) on mortality from myocardial infarction, a retrospective analysis of the data on 977 patients who had 1,014 episodes of infarction is presented. Comparisons of data for the year before establishment of the CCU with the data for the first year and the third year of CCU operation did not reveal any significant improvement in over‐all hospital mortality figures. However, the mortality rate in CCU patients was lower than in non‐CCU patients, and salvage after cardiac resuscitation was much higher in the CCU. Arrythmias were recognized more frequently and congestive failure was recognized earlier in the CCU.
GEROGENIC FRACTIONS IN THE TRITIATED RAT
Authors: Bjorksten Johan , Acharya P. V. N. , Ashman Stephen , Wetlaufer Donald B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA rat that had received tritiated acetate perinatally was killed at the age of 609 days, and was found to have retained substantial quantities of tritium in all organs examined. This study was focussed on the liver, which—after a succession of extractions with a series of various solvents followed by catalytic hydrolysis at body temperature—yielded a residue that was‐insoluble in a wide range of common solubilizing media. Treatment with hot mineral acid partially dissolved this residue and electrophoretic fractionation further led to 4 fractions of which a single fraction contained most of the tritium in the insoluble residue.Our analyses showed that the insoluble residue contained a variety of common amino acids and a considerable amount of phosphorus. The solubilized fractions derived from the insoluble residue all contained substantial concentrations of pentose, deoxypentose, and phosphorus. They showed ultraviolet absorption spectra qualitatively similar to those of nucleic acids. From their chromatographic behavior on crosslinked dextran columns, all 4 solubilized fractions showed molecular weights greater than 5000. In addition, these fractions showed substantially greater resistance to hydrolytic degradation than do authentic RNA and DNA. Taken together, this is interpreted as evidence that the gerogenic insoluble residue is composed of a highly crosslinked network of at least RNA, DNA and protein, which is stabilized by covalent crosslinkages of unusual stability. Formation of these crosslinked structures could easily interfere with the function of certain critical molecules of RNA, DNA or other polymers, leading to impaired cell function and death.
RADIOLOGICAL OSTEOPOROSIS: CORRELATION WITH DIETARY AND BIOCHEMICAL FINDINGS
Authors: RESHEF A. , SCHWARTZ A. , BEN‐MENACHEM Y. , MENCZEL J. , GUGGENHEIM K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Roentgenograms of the lumbar spine, left femur and left hand were obtained on 1451 adults who did not have bone disease or malignant disease. Osteoporosis was visually evaluated on the basis of radiological density and the number of collapsed vertebrae. The height and the antero‐posterior length of the 3rd lumbar vertebra, and the total and medullary diameters of the femur and the 2nd metacarpus were measured. In females, vertebral height decreased with age and the degree of osteoporosis. The ratio of vertebral mid‐height to anteroposterior length decreased in females with age and in both sexes with increasing severity of osteoporosis. The ratio of mid‐height to anterior vertebral height was independent of age, sex and the presence of osteoporosis. In tubular bones, the medullary‐canal width increased with age and the severity of osteoporosis, particularly in females. This finding was more pronounced in the metacarpus than in the femur.In 291 of these subjects the dietary intake of calcium and protein was estimated and the urinary excretion of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline examined and related to creatinine excretion. Low dietary intakes of calcium in males, and of protein in both males and females, were significantly correlated with the severity of osteoporosis. However, since the consumption of these nutrients decreased with age, and since osteoporosis was more common and more severe in the old people than in the young, it would seem that the correlation of protein and calcium consumption with osteoporosis was age‐dependent. Urinary excretion of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen in both sexes, and of hydroxyproline in males, was not correlated with osteoporosis.
PREDICTIVE MEDICINE. II. EXPERIMENTAL MODELS
Authors: CHERASKIN E. , RINGSDORF W. M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Attempts to predict disease susceptibility have led to the development of proneness profiles. The diagnostic factors include age, sex, weight, blood pressure, blood biochemical values, and dietary habits.Persons with one chronic disorder sooner or later have other chronic ailments. Thus there must be common denominators in seemingly different patterns of proneness. This is illustrated by the well established coronary proneness profile and by the less well developed cancer profile. What is urgently needed is a proneness profile designed to anticipate the syndrome of sickness.There is a very ancient belief that health is a simple state to be obtained by observing a few simple positive and negative rules … But it follows from the complexity of the body that health cannot be a simple state … Because there are literally thousands of ways of being ill, to be well one has to be well in thousands of ways at once.Sir Russell Brain
An L‐Dopa Paradox: Bipolar Behavioral Alterations
Authors: RIKLAN MANUEL 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Paradoxical behavioral alterations may occur during L‐dopa therapy in parkinsonian patients, particularly those of the geriatric age group. For example, there have been many reports of alleviation of depression with L‐dopa, but induction of depression has also been observed. With respect to cognition and perception, there have been many reports of disorientation and paranoid ideation from the toxic effects of L‐dopa, but increased alertness and improved intelligence have also been observed. The basic alteration appears to be a non‐modality specific increase in physiological and behavioral activation. This, in turn, may lead to opposite kinds of specific (e.g., directional) changes in emotional, cognitive and perceptual functions, depending in part upon the baseline status of the patient. A concept designated as directed‐activation is proposed as a partial hypothesis.
Massive Edema Induced by Thioridazine (Mellaril): An Unusual Complication
Authors: MARGOLIS JACK 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:A case of massive edema apparently due to thioridazine (Mellaril) therapy is reported for the first time. On three occasions the 39‐year‐old male patient showed a marked weight gain and edema while taking thioridazine, but prompt diuresis and marked weight loss when the drug was discontinued.
Accident—or Apparent Accident*
Authors: WEHRMACHER WILLIAM H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Disturbed cardiac rhythm often leads to sudden incapacitation and an apparent accident under perilous circumstances. Rhythm disturbances occur more frequently among older people, who may lack many ordinary protections against accidents because of failing eyesight and hearing, an impaired sense of smell, forgetfulness, a slow reaction time, weakness, or painful and damaged joints. Such persons may be deprived by a momentary cardiac disturbance of the ability to respond quickly. Thus they may release control of a motor car so that it careens across a busy highway, or they may fall from a height or into moving machinery from a precarious footing. If the cardiac disturbance can be detected early enough, the potential accident victim can be withdrawn from peril; however, if the cardiac disturbance can be prevented, the old person may retain the personal ability to deal with hazards. Six illustrative cases, with electrocardiograms, are presented.
The Limitations of Reflex Heating Therapy in the Elderly
Authors: ANDREWS G. R. , OFNER F. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:An investigation was carried out to determine the cutaneous vascular response of 10 elderly men under conditions of reflex heating. It was found, in 38 of 40 observations, that heat (infra‐red irradiation) applied to the trunk resulted in a constriction of the skin vessels of the lower extremities in lieu of the expected vasodilatation. This paradoxical reaction is attributed to the possibly defective thermoregulatory mechanism in elderly arteriosclerotic patients. It is concluded that reflex heating, even when applied with necessary precautions, is an unreliable therapeutic method for the aged.
Interrelations of the Aging Process and Accidents*
Authors: RODSTEIN MANUEL 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:With the twelfth chapter of Ecclesiastes as a background, the author draws analogies to life for the aged. The various aspects discussed include intellectual function, memory, orientation, tremor, acrophobia, gait, hypo‐hyperkinesia, muscle weakness, homeostasis, orthostatic hypotension, visual and auditory acuity, osteoporosis and fractures. Deficiencies involving these factors make the aged person particularly prone to accidental injury. The more optimistic side of the picture is represented by the many people who remain mobile and active in old age.
Reflux Esophagitis in the Elderly, with Special Reference to Antacid Therapy*
Authors: McHARDY GORDON , BALART LOUIS 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:The incidence of hiatal hernia increases with aging. When esophagitis occurs in the susceptible esophageal mucosa, it is probably the result of degenerative changes in the supporting tissues (collagen‐elastin) and a diminution in cellular replication. The authors' concepts of the etiology of reflux esophagitis are described. Severe complications are not uncommon. In most patients, there is a good response to postural, dietary and antacid therapy, not only during the initial episode but during recurrence and in complicated cases. No surgical procedure has general acceptance. In the elderly patient, morbidity and mortality are of such significance that the benefits must be measured carefully against the disadvantages. Most operations are designed to correct a hiatal hernia and to enhance sphincteric competency. The complication, esophagitis, is a medical problem unless a concomitant disorder refractory to medical management requires operative intervention. The presence of hiatal hernia usually is a coincidence. The authors have found an antacid combination (Gaviscon) to be an effective factor in the medical treatment of reflux esophagitis.
Horizontal (Cleavage) Tears of the Knee‐joint Menisci in the Elderly
Authors: CHAND KISHAN 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:At autopsy, extensive knee arthrotomies were performed on 11 Scottish males (average age 77) and 11 females (average age 75) who had died from various medical disorders and had no history of complaints referable to the knees. The aim was to study the incidence of horizontal (cleavage) tears of the menisci in the general population. In the males, there was a high incidence of cleavage tears of the medial meniscus (in 14 of 22 knees) whereas the lateral menisci were usually normal (in 21 of 22 knees). In the females, there was a low incidence of both medial (in 6 of 22 knees) and lateral meniscal tears (in 2 of 22 knees). Cleavage tears of the medial meniscus in geriatric males may be part of the aging process, and this should be kept in mind if surgery is contemplated for reasons other than severe symptoms.