bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is haemophilia B less severe than haemophilia A?
Authors: Mannucci P. M. , Franchini M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryA number of observations suggest that severe factor IX deficiency (<1%) may be less clinically severe than the corresponding factor VIII deficiency: (i) Less factor consumption. There is evidence that patients with haemophilia B (HB) consume yearly less FIX for replacement therapy than patients with haemophilia (HA). Patient registries and data from various sources indicate that regular prophylaxis is implemented less frequently in HB. (ii) Less severe gene mutations. At variance with HA, missense gene mutations are prevalent in severe HB, supporting the view that some FIX may be produced in these patients, albeit not measurable in patient plasma by means of the relatively insensitive available assays. (iii) Less severe clinical symptoms. In the frame of a process meant to develop a score to express the varied clinical severity of both haemophilias in different patients, those with severe HB were less clinically severe, and hence had lower scores, than those with HA. (iv) Less need for orthopaedic surgery. Patients with severe HB needed joint arthroplasty (an indirect index of arthropathy severity) less frequently than those with HA, and this difference was maintained when various confounders were accounted for. In conclusion, these and other data give a hint that HB may be less clinically severe than HA. However, these data are not conclusive, because there are also fewer data in favour of a similar degree of severity of HA and HB.
Filaggrin – revisited
Authors: Harding C. R. , Aho S. , Bosko C. A. 
Published: March 2013

SynopsisProfilaggrin (proFLG) and its processing products are critical to the health and appearance of skin. The recent identification of loss‐of‐function filaggrin (FLG) mutations as a predisposing factor in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis has lead to a resurgent interest in this enigmatic protein. Here, we review the literature on the structure and many functions of proFLG, from its role as a filament‐aggregating protein and a source of natural moisturizing factor (NMF), to the more recent discoveries of its role in epidermal barrier formation and its more speculative functions as an antimicrobial and sunscreen. Finally, we discuss the relationship of proFLG with dry skin, the influence of moisturizers on NMF generation and speculate on next generation of FLG research.
A randomized controlled trial of nurses vs. doctors in the resolution of acute disease of low complexity in primary care
Authors: Iglesias Begoña , Ramos Francisca , Serrano Beatriz , Fàbregas Mireia , Sánchez Carmen , García María José , Cebrian Hèlia Marta , Aragonés Rosa , Casajuana Josep , Esgueva Neus ,   PIPA Group
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsTo compare the effectiveness of care delivered by nurses to the usual care delivered by general practitioners, in adult patients requesting same day appointments in primary care practices in Catalonia (Spain).BackgroundSame day appointments conducted by nurses are characterized by high patient satisfaction and a high resolution index. The profile of nursing and the organization of primary care services in our country differ from other countries.DesignMulticentre, randomized, unblinded clinical trial with two parallel groups.MethodsPatients were randomized to an intervention group (seen by nurses trained to respond to low complexity problems) or a control group (seen by the general practitioner) using an automatic probabilistic function. Setting: 38 primary care practices in Catalonia, 142 general practitioners and 155 nurses participated. Population study: ≥ 18‐year‐old patients who requested a same day consultation. Recruitment period: January–May, 2009. Of the 1,461 randomized patients, 92·5% completed the study. Main outcome measures: resolution of symptoms and patient satisfaction 2 weeks after the visit.ResultsSeven hundred and fifty‐three patients were assigned to the intervention group and 708 to the control group. Nurses successfully solved 86·3% of the cases. We did not observe any differences in resolution of symptoms or patient satisfaction between the groups.ConclusionsNurses trained specifically to resolve acute health problems of low complexity give comparable quality of care to that provided by general practitioners in terms of resolution of the problem 15 days after the visit and in patient satisfaction with the visit.
Patterns and drivers of regeneration of tree species in forests of peninsular Spain
Authors: Vayreda Jordi , Gracia Marc , Martinez‐Vilalta Jordi , Retana Javier 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimOur study aimed to identify and explore the main factors that influence tree recruitment of multiple species at a regional scale across peninsular Spain, an understanding of which is essential for predicting future forest species composition in the face of ongoing environmental change. The study focused on the dynamics of the key transition phase from saplings to adult trees.LocationThe forests of peninsular Spain.MethodsWe used the extensive network of plots sampled in two consecutive Spanish national forest inventories (> 30,000 plots) to identify the factors that determine regeneration patterns of the 10 most abundant forest species of Spain at relatively large temporal (c. 10 years) and spatial scales (across Spain): five coniferous species of Pinus (pines) and five broadleaved species of the genera Fagus and Quercus. We fitted separate generalized linear models for the pine species and the broadleaved species to assess the response of sapling abundance and ingrowth rate to the spatial variability of climate (temperature, water availability and recent warming), forest structure (tree density, understorey and overstorey canopy cover, and basal area change) and disturbances (previous forest logging, wildfires and grazing).ResultsMean sapling abundance was four times higher for broadleaved species than for pines, while mean annual ingrowth was twice as high. Sapling abundance and ingrowth rate were mainly determined by stand structure, both in pines and broadleaved trees. The direct effects of disturbances and climate were comparatively smaller, and there was no detectable effect of recent warming.Main conclusionsThe higher values of ingrowth rate of broadleaved species can be explained by their ability to maintain a higher sapling bank due to their greater shade tolerance. This differential response of pines and broadleaved species to canopy closure suggests a probable increase in broadleaved species at the expense of pines. This transition could occur earlier in stands with faster canopy closure dynamics. Spatially explicit, mixed‐species demographic models incorporating both the ingrowth and the tree mortality components are needed for predicting the composition of future forests.
Annual Research Review: The neurobiology and physiology of resilience and adaptation across the life course
Authors: Karatsoreos Ilia N. , McEwen Bruce S. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAdaptation is key to survival. An organism must adapt to environmental challenges in order to be able to thrive in the environment in which they find themselves. Resilience can be thought of as a measure of the ability of an organism to adapt, and to withstand challenges to its stability. In higher animals, the brain is a key player in this process of adaptation and resilience, and through a process known as “allostasis” can obtain “stability through change”; protecting homeostasis in the face of stressors in the environment. Mediators of allostasis, such as glucocorticoids, can cause changes in the structure and function of neural circuits, clearly impacting behavior. How developmental stage interacts with stress and leads to long‐lasting changes is a key question addressed in this review.Scope and MethodsWe discuss the concept of allostasis, its role in resilience, the neural and physiological systems mediating these responses, the modulatory role of development, and the consequences for adult functioning. We present this in the context of mediators the brain and body engage to protect against threats to homeostasis. The review has been informed by comprehensive searches on PubMed and Scopus through November 2012.FindingsStressors in the environment can have long lasting effects on development, depending upon the stage of life at which they are experienced. As such, adverse childhood experiences can alter resilience of individuals, making it more difficult for them to respond normally to adverse situations in adulthood, but the brain maintains the capacity to re‐enter a more plastic state where such effects can be mitigated.ConclusionsThe brain regulates responses that allow for adaptation to challenges in the environment. The capacity of the brain and body to withstand challenges to stability can be considered as “resilience”. While adverse childhood experiences can have long‐term negative consequences, under the right circumstances, the brain can re‐enter plastic states, and negative outcomes may be mitigated, even later in life.
Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development – interconnected pathways to wellbeing
Authors: Panter‐Brick Catherine , Leckman James F. 
Published: March 2013

Resilience offers the promise of a paradigm shift in many fields of research, clinical practice, and policy. A lens on resilience shifts the focus of attention – from concerted efforts to appraise risk or vulnerability, towards concerted efforts to enhance strength or capability. It also shifts the focus of analysis – from asking relatively limited questions regarding health outcomes, such as what are the linkages between risk exposures and functional deficits, to asking more complex questions regarding wellbeing, such as when, how, why and for whom do resources truly matter. Thus we might ask when interventions are most effective, within the time frame of human development and evolutionary life history; and how do we best measure pathways of human experience, to uncover ways in which individuals and communities withstand adversity.To many, resilience is an intuitive, albeit opaque, concept – akin to fortitude in the face of adversity. We may have an intuitive grasp of what resilience means, but fall short of measuring it comprehensively and meaningfully (the same is true of risk). This Annual Research Review issue features ten articles from leaders in the field on how resilience can transform the field of child development. Each articulates important lessons on resilience some of which we editors wish to summarize at the outset. First, resilience is best understood as a process that unfolds over the course of development; consequently, we seek to understand human experience of adversity as pathways of risk and resilience. Second, research on resilience focuses attention on the biological and social trade‐offs in human experience: issues of timing, process, and context to understand change or adaptability.
Validity of the medical outcomes study sleep scale in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Korea
Authors: Kim Sang Soo , Won Jong Chul , Kwon Hyuk Sang , Kim Chong Hwa , Lee Ji Hyun , Park Tae Sun , Ko Kyung Soo , Cha Bong Yun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionSleep disturbances caused by painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) might have substantial impacts on the multifaceted aspects of PDN, including quality of life. There are no convincing data on the validation or reliability of sleep problem measurements in patients with PDN in Korea. This large population‐based cross‐sectional study examined psychometric properties of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale in patients with PDN in Korea.Materials and MethodsMeasurements of patient‐reported outcomes (Brief Pain Inventory‐short form, MOS Sleep Scale and EuroQoL Health [EQ‐5D]) were documented. PDN was diagnosed if the average daily pain intensity was ≥4 based on the visual analog scale or if patients were taking medication for their current pain.ResultsThere were 577 patients with PDN (41.6% with diabetic peripheral neuropathy). The internal consistency of reliability for the MOS Sleep Scale was 0.80 as measured by Cronbach's alpha. The extent to which multiple items in a dimension were intercorrelated and formed a dimension measuring the same underlying concept (Pearson's correlation coefficient) ranged from 0.24 to 0.71 (all P < 0.001). Each item of the MOS Sleep Scale was significantly correlated with the average pain score and the pain interference score (Pearson's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.20 to 0.28 and from 0.29 to 0.40, respectively; all P < 0.001). The correlations between the EQ‐5D index and the MOS Sleep Scale ranged from −0.27 to −0.31 (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe MOS Sleep Scale showed good reliability in the evaluation of PDN in Korean type 2 diabetic patients.
Intracellular dialysis disrupts Zn2+ dynamics and enables selective detection of Zn2+ influx in brain slice preparations
Authors: Aiba Isamu , West Adrian K. , Sheline Christian T. , Shuttleworth C. William 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe examined the impact of intracellular dialysis on fluorescence detection of neuronal intracellular Zn2+ accumulation. Comparison between two dialysis conditions (standard; 20 min, brief; 2 min) by standard whole‐cell clamp revealed a high vulnerability of intracellular Zn2+ buffers to intracellular dialysis. Thus, low concentrations of zinc‐pyrithione generated robust responses in neurons with standard dialysis, but signals were smaller in neurons with short dialysis. Release from oxidation‐sensitive Zn2+ pools was reduced by standard dialysis, when compared with responses in neurons with brief dialysis. The dialysis effects were partly reversed by inclusion of recombinant metallothionein‐3 in the dialysis solution. These findings suggested that extensive dialysis could be exploited for selective detection of transmembrane Zn2+ influx. Different dialysis conditions were then used to probe responses to synaptic stimulation. Under standard dialysis conditions, synaptic stimuli generated significant FluoZin‐3 signals in wild‐type (WT) preparations, but responses were almost absent in preparations lacking vesicular Zn2+ (ZnT3‐KO). In contrast, under brief dialysis conditions, intracellular Zn2+ transients were very similar in WT and ZnT3‐KO preparations. This suggests that both intracellular release and transmembrane flux can contribute to intracellular Zn2+ accumulation after synaptic stimulation. These results demonstrate significant confounds and potential use of intracellular dialysis to investigate intracellular Zn2+ accumulation mechanisms.
Introduction: Self in South Asia
Authors: Mookherjee Nayanika 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe so called western, rational, individual, autonomous, self marked by freedom, potential and choice and deemed essential for modernity has predominantly been juxtaposed with the presumed collective, static, bounded, “identity” of the “non‐west” and its inhabitants. Anthropological scholarship has thus been marked by its focus on the “identity” of its subjects (drawn from a collective and shared with others) instead of a self. Nowhere has this theorisation between the self and the collective been so fraughtly interrogated as in the Anthropology of South Asia. A common place occurrence in academic, policy and everyday discussions, South Asian personhood has been comprehended only through various collective categories like gender, kinship, religion, caste, community following the Dumontian holism that there are no individuals and only caste and hierarchy in India. The discussions of self have also remained understudied in historiography inspite of being intrinsic to the Indian post‐colonial public life. Recently, historians have turned to individual sensibilities and life stories while others have argued that the self is a product of history transformed in a public debate. It is important to reflect on the methodological connotations of using such person‐centred self‐representations – narratives, novels, biographies and memoirs – which are often deemed to be inadequate sources of anthropological and ethnographic value.Theoretically and methodologically these articles on self in South Asia distinctly depart from the existing anthropological and historical literature by bringing together at the same juncture both synchronic and diachronic accounts in conjunction with psychic and social histories. In this volume we are interested in the practices and conceptual tools behind the self than a definition. The focus here is on the ethnographic examination of the self and personal experience, of the minutae of the interactions of daily life, on the dialogical characters of the self in South Asia rather than a “South Asian” self. The idea of the self becomes particularly pertinent within the shifting contexts of economic liberalization, migration, violent conflicts, consumerism, new media and the role of transnationally affiliated groups in challenging/reifying static, orientalised and essentialising accounts of the self.
An Ethics of Postcolonial Citizenship: Lessons from Reading Women Writing in India
Authors: Sunder Rajan Rajeswari 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis essay addresses the question of how the ethical values of the postcolonial subject are classed and gendered. A certain kind of postcolonial citizen, enjoying the privileges of birth and position, expresses an attitude that is best described (if somewhat anachronistically) as noblesse oblige. I focus on the writings of a handful of post‐Independence Indian women writers, in particular Shama Futehally's novel Tara Lane (1993), as exemplifying this attitude. My essay will draw upon discussions by Indian feminists which, in different genres and informed by different politics, have set the stage for this historical, autobiographical and conceptual inquiry. Reading Indian women's fiction and Indian feminist theory and politics together, I trace their disjunctures and overlaps, merging these into an ethico‐political inquiry about women and citizenship.
Mothers and Daughters in Historical Perspective: Home, Identity and Double Consciousness inBritishPakistanis' Migration and Return
Authors: Werbner Pnina 
Published: March 2013

AbstractScholarly interest has increasingly focused on the predicament of second‐generation counter‐diasporic return migration to an ancestral homeland. The present paper portrays two generations ofPakistani middle class women migrants: two mothers, who arrived inManchester in the 1970s, and their daughters, who both returned to live inPakistan, one at the age of 11 and the other in her twenties, to marry. The latter in particular experiencedPakistan as culturally alien and unhomely. In Britain one mother has become extremely pious after 9/11. The paper looks at the moral careers of mothers and daughters, starting from the fact that migration initiates an irreversible process in which everyday, taken‐for‐granted intimacies and socialities of home and identity are subverted. Refuting simplistic theories of a continuous “transnational field”, it argues that migrants experience “double consciousness”, an awareness of competing rules, expectations and a doubling up of a subject's sense of belonging and alienation, which no return home can reverse.
Children's Physical Activity Levels During Indoor Recess Dance Videos
Authors: Erwin Heather , Koufoudakis Ryann , Beighle Aaron 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildren's physical activity (PA) levels remain low, and schools are being asked to assume a leadership role in PA promotion. Research suggests outdoor recess contributes to children's overall PA levels. However, similar research is not available for indoor recess, which occurs frequently due to a variety of factors. The purpose of this study was to describe PA levels and intensity during indoor recess using PA dance videos.METHODSFifty‐four children (27 girls) wore accelerometers for 5 days during indoor recess. Factorial analyses of variance were conducted to examine the differences in PA between sexes and across grades.RESULTSParticipants averaged 17.66 (SD = 2.82) minutes in indoor recess. On average, 22.22% (SD = 12.72) was spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 45.70% (SD = 11.29) of time was spent in low‐intensity physical activity (LPA) totaling 67.92% (SD = 16.54) of total recess time. Boys accumulated a higher percentage of MVPA and total PA compared to girls.CONCLUSIONSStudents engaged in PA 68% of indoor recess time, equaling almost 12 minutes of PA during recess. Results suggest PA dance videos are 1 effective method for increasing elementary children's PA during indoor recess as an alternative to sedentary activities.
Influence of Professional Preparation and Class Structure on Sexuality Topics Taught in Middle and High Schools
Authors: Rhodes Darson L. , Kirchofer Gregg , Hammig Bart J. , Ogletree Roberta J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examined the impact of professional preparation and class structure on sexuality topics taught and use of practice‐based instructional strategies in US middle and high school health classes.METHODSData from the classroom‐level file of the 2006 School Health Policies and Programs were used. A series of multivariable logistic regression models were employed to determine if sexuality content taught was dependent on professional preparation and /or class structure (HE only versus HE/another subject combined). Additional multivariable logistic regression models were employed to determine if use of practice‐based instructional strategies was dependent upon professional preparation and/or class structure. Years of teaching health topics and size of the school district were included as covariates in the multivariable logistic regression models.RESULTSFindings indicated professionally prepared health educators were significantly more likely to teach 7 of the 13 sexuality topics as compared to nonprofessionally prepared health educators. There was no statistically significant difference in the instructional strategies used by professionally prepared and nonprofessionally prepared health educators. Exclusively health education classes versus combined classes were significantly more likely to have included 6 of the 13 topics and to have incorporated practice‐based instructional strategies in the curricula.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicated professional preparation and class structure impacted sexuality content taught. Class structure also impacted whether opportunities for students to practice skills were made available. Results support the need for continued advocacy for professionally prepared health educators and health only courses.