bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene-graft-cardanol Prepared by Reactive Extrusion
Authors: Chen Q. , Yin F. , Zheng L. , Xiao X. , Lin J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The polypropylene-graft-cardanol (CAPP) was prepared by reactive extrusion of polypropylene (PP), dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and cardanol. Differential scanning calorimeter, polarizing microscope and wide-angle X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate the effects of DCP and cardanol on the nucleation and crystallization of PP. Results indicated that DCP could work as crystallization nucleator for PP and cardanol could afford the impurity needed at the small angle kick pleat of lamellae during spherulite growth. For the effect of DCP on nucleation, it was found that the crystallization rate of PP was enhanced by 2 to 3 times by the addition of 0.2% DCP. For the effect of cardanol on spherulite growth, it was found that the growth rates of CAPP were increased from 10.9μm · min−1 to 13.5 μm · min−1 by the addition of 5% cardanol. Due to the nucleation effect of DCP, the total crystallization rates of degraded PP initiated by DCP at the process of reactive extrusion (dPP) and of CAPP were quicker than that of PP. Attributed to the promotion by cardanol, the spherulite grew more perfectly in CAPP than in PP, so Avrami exponents of PP increased from 2.1–2.5 to 3.1–3.5 by the addition of cardanol.
Limitations of Simple Flow Models for the Simulation of Nanoimprint
Authors: Teyssèdre H. , Gilormini P. , Régnier G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A quick evaluation of the forces involved in nanoimprint would be very helpful in the prevention of mold deflection. Unfortunately, it is shown here that assuming simplified flows may lead to quite incorrect evaluations of these forces, even for simple periodic patterns and a Newtonian behavior. The mere use of the classical result of the lubrication theory does not account for the range of thickness-to-width ratios that may be involved, especially at the beginning of the process. An improved squeeze model includes this effect, but still underestimates the imprint force. Moreover, finite element simulations demonstrate limitations of two more elaborate models that are found in the literature. These simulations also show that two flow modes can be defined, according to whether or not the polymer touches the mold sidewalls. A deeper analysis of these two modes may help the definition of a more appropriate simplified model in the future.
Joint Strength for Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Aden M. , Liviany F. , Olowinsky A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
For laser transmission welding of thermoplastics the tensile strength of the joint is measured and microtome cuts of the joint are taken. The joining experiments are carried out for PA66 (Ultramid A3K) for different scan velocities and laser powers. Varying the laser power the tensile strength of the joint obtains a maximum. The value of the power where the maximum is reached depends on the scan velocity. In the thermal simulation the temperature distribution is calculated. The distributions perpendicular to the scan direction are compared to the microtome cuts of the joint. The temperature distribution in a plain parallel to the joining zone is used to calculate an area where the temperature is above the melting temperature and below the degradation temperature. Calculating this area as a function of the laser power gives a maximum area approximately at the same power where the tensile strength of the joint is maximal.
Diets and Food Selection of Female Mallards and Blue-Winged Teal During Spring Migration
Authors: Tidwell Paul R. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Vrtiska Mark P. , Bishop Andrew A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Waterfowl nutritional requirements and food availability at migration stopover habitats may differ from those at nesting or wintering areas. Although there is little information on factors that influence waterfowl diets and food selection during migration, we hypothesized that bird age and wetland density in the surrounding landscape would influence food selection. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify mallard Anas platyrhynchos and blue-winged teal Anas discors diets during migration and evaluate effects of age and wetland density on waterfowl food selection. We collected 30 mallards and 29 blue-winged teal with food items present in esophagi from wetlands in south-central Nebraska during spring 2008 and 2009. Smartweed Polygonum spp. and barnyard grass Echinochloa spp. were the most common seeds found in both mallards and blue-winged teal, while Naididae and Chironomidae larvae were the most common invertebrates in mallard and blue-winged teal diets, respectively. Invertebrates were consumed by both species in greater proportion than available. Both mallards and blue-winged teal collected in wetland complexes selected some seeds over others, whereas birds in isolated wetlands foraged on foods in proportion to availability. After-hatch-year mallards also selected for some seeds over others, as compared with hatch-year birds, which foraged opportunistically on available foods. If after-hatch-year birds and birds in wetland complexes are able to be more selective in their diets relative to food availability at individual wetlands, they may be able to acquire and replenish lipids reserves more efficiently than hatch-year birds or birds in areas with lower wetland densities.
NADPH Oxidase Limits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Inflammation and Injury in Mice through Reduction-Oxidation Regulation of NF-κB Activity
Authors: Han Wei , Li Hui , Cai Jiyang , Gleaves Linda A. , Polosukhin Vasiliy V. , Segal Brahm H. , Yull Fiona E. , Blackwell Timothy S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase are known to regulate inflammatory responses, the impact of ROS on intracellular signaling pathways is incompletely understood. In these studies, we treated wild-type (WT) and p47phox-deficient mice with LPS to investigate mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase regulates signaling through the NF-κB pathway. After intratracheal instillation of LPS, ROS generation was impaired in p47phox−/− mice, whereas these mice had increased neutrophilic alveolitis and greater lung injury compared with WT controls. In mice interbred with transgenic NF-κB reporters (HIV-long terminal repeat/luciferase [HLL]), we found exaggerated LPS-induced NF-κB activation and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs of p47phox−/−/HLL mice compared with controls. Both lung macrophages and bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from p47phox−/−/HLL mice showed enhanced LPS-stimulated NF-κB activity compared with controls. Although nuclear translocation of NF-κB proteins was similar between genotypes, EMSAs under nonreducing conditions showed increased DNA binding in p47phox−/−/HLL BMDMs, suggesting that ROS production reduces NF-κB binding to DNA without affecting nuclear translocation. Increased intracellular reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio and greater nuclear redox factor 1 (Ref-1) levels were present in p47phox−/−/HLL compared with WT BMDMs, pointing to NADPH oxidase modulating intracellular redox status in macrophages. Treatment with the Ref-1–specific inhibitor E3330 or hydrogen peroxide inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation in p47phox−/−/HLL BMDMs but not in WT/HLL cells. Consistent with these findings, small interfering RNA against Ref-1 selectively reduced NF-κB activity in LPS-treated p47phox−/−/HLL BMDMs. Together, these results indicate that NADPH oxidase limits LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity through regulation of intracellular redox state.
CRTAM Receptor Engagement by Necl-2 on Tumor Cells Triggers Cell Death of Activated Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells
Authors: Dessarthe Benoît , Thedrez Aurélie , Latouche Jean-Baptiste , Cabillic Florian , Drouet Aurélie , Daniel Pascale , de La Pintière Cécile Thomas , Catros Véronique , Toutirais Olivier 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exert potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities, making them promising candidates for immunotherapy strategies. Recognition of tumor cells by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells requires engagement of the TCR and/or NK receptors. Recently, one of the novel NK receptors, the class I–restricted T cell–associated molecule (CRTAM), has been described to promote cytotoxic function of NK cells and to lead to IFN-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells through interaction with its ligand, Necl-2. A better understanding of the role of CRTAM in Vγ9Vδ2 T cell functions is highly relevant to optimize innate-like T cell–based cancer immunotherapy. In this article, we report that CRTAM is transiently expressed on activated Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes following TCR engagement. However, CRTAM–Necl-2 interaction does not modify the cytotoxic function or IFN-γ secretion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The expression of CRTAM in activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is quickly downregulated following interaction with Necl-2 on tumor cells. Of interest, CRTAM is concurrently acquired at the cell surface of Necl-2+ tumor cells through Vγ9Vδ2 T cell membrane capture. Finally, we highlight that coculture experiments with tumor cells expressing Necl-2 result in significant cell death of CRTAM+ Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. CRTAM-mediated cell death is dependent on an autophagic process, but not on apoptosis or necroptosis, as attested by the expression of characteristic markers and blocking experiments with specific inhibitors. On the basis of these findings, we propose that Necl-2 on tumor cells represents a new tumor counterattack mechanism and a potential target to improve efficiency of γδ T cell–based immunotherapy.
A Panoramic View of Blood and Blood Product: Use in the Past Half Century
Authors: Lucas Charles E 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany changes regarding the use of blood and blood products for resuscitation of severely injured patients have occurred in the past 50 years. This study presents these changes.Study designA review of resuscitation regimens over 50 years is presented.ResultsDuring the 1960s, hemorrhage shock (HS) was treated with whole blood (WB) and balanced electrolyte solution (BES); fresh WB restored the labile factors (FV and FVIII) during massive transfusion (MT). When component therapy with red cells (RBC) was started, plasma (FFP) had to be added; patients with MT received a 2/5 RBC/FFP ratio. Platelets were reserved for oozing or counts below 50,000. During the Vietnam conflict, many recommended supplemental albumin therapy. A large prospective randomized study showed that albumin therapy caused many adverse effects including coagulopathy. During the 1980s, the National Institute of Health (NIH) responded to a shortage of FFP by initiating a consensus development conference (CDC) which concluded that FFP was not indicated without an established coagulopathic bleeding; animal HS models showed FFP was beneficial. During the 1990s, military surgeons recommended a 1/1 FFP/RBC ratio. Studies, herein, demonstrated that a 0.3/1 FFP/RBC ratio effectively restored procoagulants; whereas, ratios above 0.45/1 FFP/RBC caused increased BES needs and longer stays.ConclusionInitial therapy for HS should be BES followed by RBC to maintain hemoglobin, perfusion and urine output. FFP should be supplemented after 5 units RBC using a 0.5 FFP/ RBC until hemostasis is obtained. Platelets should be added for ‘medical’ oozing and thrombocytopenia.How to cite this articleLucas CE. A Panoramic View of Blood and Blood Product: Use in the Past Half Century. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(3):139-145.
Utilidad del índice de presión arterial usando dispositivos oscilométricos en la Evaluación de Pacientes con Trauma de Miembros Inferiores y Sospecha de Lesión Vascular
Authors: Mojica Olman Esteban , Ángel Laura Isabel Valencia , Cadena Juan Carlos Castillo 
Published: March 2013

Resumen

Introducción y objetivos
Las lesiones de causa externa son una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en Colombia. El trauma vascular puede alcanzar el 3,7% de todos los traumas civiles. El índice de presión arterial (IPA) usando el Doppler portátil fue implementado como método sensible y específico para diagnosticar el compromiso vascular en miembros inferiores. Sin embargo, la baja disponibilidad de estos equipos en hospitales de baja complejidad nos motivó a evaluar la utilidad del IPA usando los monitores oscilométricos de presión arterial, disponibles en los diferentes centros.

Materiales y métodos
Estudio de validación de tecnología diagnóstica realizado en el Hospital Universitario de Santander entre mayo-2011 y febrero-2012. Se incluyeron pacientes que con trauma de extremidades y signos blandos de lesión vascular. Se determinó el IPA usando Doppler y monitores oscilométricos, se calcularon la sensibilidad y especificidad de las mediciones con cada método y su concordancia.

Resultados
Se incluyeron 50 pacientes con trauma en extremidades, 66% con lesión en miembros inferiores. La edad promedio fue 28.6 años (DE 11,3), 95% fueron hombres, el mecanismo de lesión fue corto-punzante en el 52% y arma de fuego en el 46%. En la totalidad de los casos se presentaron lesiones en trayecto vascular, 32% hematoma estable, 16% antecedente de sangrado o choque, 12% pulso disminuido y 4% déficit neurológico como signos blandos. El IPA < 0.9 clasificó correctamente los 3 casos con y los 26 casos sin lesión vascular. Las diferencias promedio de la presión arterial entre los dos métodos tomada en el brazo, el tobillo derecho y el tobillo izquierdo fueron –7,3, 1,02 y 1,08 mm Hg, respectivamente, evidenciando una buena concordancia entre los métodos.

Conclusiones
El IPA con el método oscilométrico representa una medición sencilla, no invasiva, económica, valida y útil en la evaluación de pacientes con sospecha de trauma vascular.
Comportamiento del Proceso Prehospitalario Ante la Llamada de Auxilio Por Trauma, Csc-911, 2011
Authors: Ortiz Gabriel Sarmiento , León Vanessa Sarmiento , Reyes Fray Martínez , Molina Juan Carlos Salamea 
Published: March 2013

RESUMEN
Se reportó 4,665 llamadas reales que son el 5% del total de llamadas de emergencia; 46% Trauma. 69,90% sexo masculino, relación 2,3:1. Grupo más afectado 20-29 años 30,47%. Traídos por el Cuerpo de Bomberos 72,71%. Presencia de aliento etílico 6,42%.Muertes 1,54%. Accidente de tránsito 49,22%; caídas 28,56%; violencia 18,19%; accidentes laborales 2,81% y quemaduras 1,22%. Como politraumatismo 34,88%, trauma de miembros 24,99%, trauma de encéfalo-craneal 16,41%, trauma maxilo-facial 12,40%, trauma de columna 4,55%, trauma torácico 4,55%, trauma de abdomen 1,73% y trauma pélvico 0,75%. Trauma contuso 73,14% y penetrante 26,86%. Las instituciones públicas recibieron el 68,90%. La media de transporte PH desde que sale fue 11’55”; medina 05’; moda 04’. Tiempo desde la llamada hasta la llegada al hospital la media fue 17’30”; media 9’, moda 8’. El tiempo de respuesta de la unidad intra-institucional es 7’06”; media 3’; moda 2’. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan con la accidentalidad de una ciudad desarrollada. Existe un uso inadecuado del sistema 911 lo que retarda el servicio de las unidades e emergencia. El cuerpo de bomberos juega un papel fundamental en atención PH por trauma. Este trabajo será determinante para tomar directrices para mejorar la atención PH del trauma.
Preventive Peer-educational Activities: What can Medical Students do to Potentially Save Lives?
Authors: Nasr Adonis , Abreu-Reis Phillipe , Tomasich Flávio , Pinto Bruno Eduardo Scheffer , Manfrinato Marília França Madeira , Oliveira Luísa Bordignon , Slongo Helena , Cruz Juliana Boni , Collaço Iwan 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Background
Traffic injuries are among the main causes of death worldwide. Even with the advances in technology, there are still 50% of deaths that cannot be reduced by medical care improvement. These important injuries can though be reduced by prevention of trauma. One of the best ways to address this issue is through incorporating preventive measures to the daily routine of schools. It is the aim of this study to assess children's perception on traumatic events and to introduce a cost-effective peer-education preventive action.

Study design
A prospective interventional comparative study with children from a basic school in South Brazil. A questionnaire with 9 decision-making questions about traffic scenarios was applied by volunteer medical students from May to June 2012, before and after a peer-educational lecture on prevention of traffic injuries. There were 20 epidemiological questions as well. Data collected was compared between the pre and the posttests of the same students. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square for discrete, and the students’ t-test for continuous variables.

Results
Among 246 students answered the questionnaires. The mean age was 10.19 years old. 21% reported that always crosses the street alone, while 47% only cross with an adult. Most of the students said they always cross-streets in the zebra-crossing and look to both sides before crossing (60.71 and 84.9% respectively). Impressively, 12.55% said they often/ sometimes drive a car or a motorcycle. Also, 30.76% ride a bike in between the cars. Furthermore, 77.48% of the students use the front seat of the car. Regarding safety issues, only one-third have a horn in their bikes, and less than half use helmet when playing. When comparing their assessments, there was a higher number of correct answers in the decision-making section in the post-test (5.21 vs 3.93, p = 0.000001161). The estimated overall cost was 45 dollars.

Conclusion
Preventive measures urge to be incorporated to schools curricula. Peer-educational actions are a cost-effective for spreading medical knowledge among children and youth.

How to cite this article
Abreu-Reis P, Tomasich F, Pinto BES, Manfrinato MFM, Oliveira LB, Nasr A, Slongo H, Cruz JB, Collaço I. Preventive Peer-educational Activities: What can Medical Students do to Potentially Save Lives? Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(3):182-185.
Fatores Associados à Alta Carga de Trabalho de Enfermagem em Vítimas de Trauma na UTI
Authors: de Alencar Domingues Cristiane , de Sousa Regina Márcia Cardoso , de Souza Nogueira Lilia 
Published: March 2013

RESUMEN

Introducción
Muitas vítimas de trauma necessitam de tratamento intensivo e a análise da carga de trabalho de enfermagem nessa população é escassa na literatura.

Objetivo
Identificar os fatores associados à alta carga de trabalho de enfermagem requerida por vítimas de trauma no primeiro dia de internação na UTI.

Método
Estudo prospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma UTI, localizada em São Paulo, Brasil, especializada no atendimento às vítimas de trauma. A carga de trabalho de enfermagem foi mensurada pelo Nursing Activities Score (NAS). A categorização dos valores do NAS em tercis permitiu identificar os dois grupos da investigação: média/baixa carga (1° e 2° tercis) e alta carga (3° tercil). Primeiramente, foi realizada análise univariada para cada uma das variáveis independentes do estudo e a comparação dos grupos foi feita por meio dos testes Qui-Quadrado, Exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney. Para a construção do modelo de regressão logística múltipla, foram selecionadas todas as variáveis que apresentaram p < 0,20 na análise univariada e testadas no método de seleção stepwise backward.

Resultados
A casuística foi composta por 200 pacientes, a maioria vítima de trauma contuso (94,5%) e submetida à cirurgia não programada (66,5%). As quedas (31%) e os acidentes motociclísticos (27,5%) prevaleceram. A média do risco de morte calculado pelo APACHE II, SAPS II e LODS foi 25,6, 22,9 e 21,1%, respectivamente. Quanto à gravidade do trauma, o ISS médio foi de 19,3 e o NISS, 27,1. Gênero, presença de insuficiência pulmonar, número de regiões corpóreas acometidas e risco de morte segundo SAPS II foram os fatores associados à alta carga de trabalho de enfermagem (NAS > 75) na admissão da UTI.

Conclusão
Estes achados subsidiam a equipe da unidade crítica no planejamento das atividades de enfermagem e correto dimensionamento dos profissionais visando à qualidade da assistência ao traumatizado.
Herida Por Arma de Fuego Como Predictor Independiente de Mortalidad en Trauma de Tórax
Authors: Badiel Marisol , Tejada Jorge , Cepeda Magda C , Pino Luis F , Scavo David A , Salamea John C 
Published: March 2013

RESUMEN

Antecedentes
El abordaje quirúrgico en el trauma penetrante de tórax con herida pulmonar requiere del conocimiento de las técnicas quirúrgicas. Se presenta una experiencia de 4 años en el manejo de las heridas pulmonares y se representa que la cirugía en trauma pulmonar se asocia a una mayor mortalidad.

Métodos
Los datos corresponde a un centro de trauma de nivel IV, con revisión de forma prospectiva desde 2008 hasta 2011. Los resultados de las intervenciones quirúrgicas correlacionando las lesiones pulmonares traumáticas. Obtenemos los resultados demográficos, quirúrgicos y mortalidad institucional.

Resultados
El total de los pacientes con trauma son 638, con intervención quirúrgica en trauma de tórax es de 134 pacientes, y por lesiones pulmonares 77 pacientes. el genero masculino es del 93% y edad promedio de 28 años de edad. corresponde con el 73,13% de causa por HAF. Las Intervenciones quirúrgicas incluidas son neumonorrafia n (46%), tractotomía n (25%), resección en cuña, lobectomía o neumonectomia en el (0%), y la toracotomía de reanimación n (31%). Con puntaje de ISS en 20 promedio, la mortalidad global fue del 28%.

Conclusiones
La mayoría de las heridas pulmonares en los hombre jóvenes, por un trauma de torax penetrante. Rápida evaluación intraoperatoria y el control adecuado de la lesión es fundamental para el éxito de la gestión de la lesión pulmonar traumática.
Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome requiring Laparotomy and Instillation of N-Acetylcysteine
Authors: Parrish Dan W , Hermann Michael D , Anand Rahul J 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
A 25-year-old female with long-standing CF and history of previous abdominal operation presented for sinus surgery. Postoperatively, she developed abdominal distention and was initially diagnosed with opiate-induced bowel dysfunction versus adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO). Subsequent CT-scan and surgical consultation established the diagnosis of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS). Conservative management consisting of trial of NPO, fluids, nasogastric suction and polyethylene glycol failed. The patient was taken to the operating room where findings were significant for decompressed distal small bowel starting in mid jejunum. An angiocatheter needle was inserted into proximal dilated bowel after placement of silk purse-string suture. 4% N-acetylcysteine (NAC) solution was made with dilution with normal saline. 120 ml of NAC was injected into the bowel, resulting in immediate softening of the obstructing mucus plug. This allowed for the plug to be milked into the colon, and for mucus to be suctioned out of a proximal enterotomy. Postoperatively, the patient received 10 ml of 10% NAC through nasogastric tube every 6 hours. She was transferred to pediatric pulmonology on postoperative day eight and discharged postoperative day fifteen.

How to cite this article
Parrish DW, Hermann MD, Ivatury RR, Anand RJ. Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome requiring Laparotomy and Instillation of N-Acetylcysteine. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(3):204-205.