bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide interactions in Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurones during Water Deprivation
Authors: Reis W. L. , Biancardi V. C. , Son S. , Antunes‐Rodrigues J. , Stern J. E. 
Published: December 2014

Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are diffusible gas messengers in the brain. Previously, we have shown their independent involvement in central fluid/electrolyte homeostasis control. In the present study, we investigated a possible functional interaction between NO/CO in the regulation of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) activity in euhydrated (EU) and dehydrated [48‐h water‐deprived (48WD)] rats. Using brain slices from EU and 48WD rats, we measured, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS, which synthesises NO) and haeme‐oxygenase (HO‐1, which synthesises CO) in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). In addition, we used patch‐clamp electrophysiology to investigate whether regulation of SON MNC firing activity by endogenous CO was dependent on NO bioavailability and GABAergic inhibitory synaptic function. We found a proportion of OT and VP SON MNCs in EU rats to co‐express both of HO‐1 and nNOS (33.2 ± 2.9% and 15.3 ± 1.4%, respectively), which was increased in 48WD rats (55.5 ± 0.9% and 21.0 ± 1.7%, respectively, P < 0.05 for both). Inhibition of endogenous HO activity [chromium mesoporphyrin IX chloride (CrMP) 20 μm] induced MNC membrane hyperpolarisation and decreased firing activity, and these effects were blunted by previous blockade of endogenous NOS activity (l‐NAME, 2 mm) or blockade of inhibitory GABA function [Picrotoxin (Sigma‐Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), 50 μm]. No significant changes in SON NO bioavailability (4,5 diaminofluorescein diacetate fluorescence) were observed after CrMP treatment. Taken together, our results support a state‐dependent functional inter‐relationship between NO and CO in MNCs, in which CO acts as an excitatory gas molecule, whose effects are largely dependent on interactions with the inhibitory SON signals NO and GABA.
Retrospective Analysis of Interobserver Spatial Variability in the Localization of Broca's and Wernicke's Areas Using Three Different fMRI Language Paradigms
Authors: Black David F. , DeLone David R. , Kaufmann Timothy J. , Fitz‐Gibbon Patrick D. , Carter Rickey E. , Machulda Mary M. , Welker Kirk M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo determine interobserver spatial variability in language area localization using three commonly employed language tasks.MATERIALS AND METHODSWith institutional review board approval, 125 fMRI time series from 50 different clinical language cases were retrospectively reviewed by three blinded readers who selected 3‐dimensional points representing the perceived center of Wernicke's and Broca's areas using three language tasks (semantic decision, SD; sentence comprehension, SC; and silent word generation, WG). Point dispersion values were then calculated using the perimeter of the 3‐dimensional triangle defined by the three readers’ selections.RESULTSAfter resolving interobserver laterality disagreements, there was no difference in spatial variability between the three tasks (P = .069). The SD task had the fewest interobserver laterality disagreements (P = .028) and the SC task had fewer failed localizations for Broca's area (P = .050) and Wernicke's area (P = .013).CONCLUSIONWhile there were no differences between interobserver spatial variability in language area localization between the three tasks, language task choice impacts the accuracy of fMRI language area identification because tasks vary in their rates of interobserver laterality disagreements and failed localizations. A combination of tasks including one with low laterality disagreements (eg, SD) and one with few failed localizations (eg, SC) may offer the best combination.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes osteogenic activity and downregulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Nebel D. , Svensson D. , Arosenius K. , Larsson E. , Jönsson D. , Nilsson B.‐O. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) on osteogenic and inflammatory properties of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and investigate underlying mechanisms.Material and MethodsHuman PDL cells, obtained from four subjects, were stimulated with vitamin D3 for 4–48 h. The bone markers osteopontin and osteocalcin and proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine and chemokine expression was determined after stimulation with the inflammation promoter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of vitamin D3. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed using p‐nitrophenylphosphate substrate.ResultsTreatment with 30 ng/mL of vitamin D3, corresponding to an optimal plasma concentration of vitamin D, for 24 h had no effect on PDL cell number and morphology but increased PDL cell osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression by about 70 and 40%, respectively, and, moreover, treatment with vitamin D3 for 48 h enhanced PDL cell alkaline phosphatase activity by about two times showing that vitamin D3 exerts pro‐osteogenic effects in human PDL cells. Stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 4 h increased PDL cell interleukin (IL)‐6 cytokine and chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) chemokine mRNA expression several fold. The LPS‐induced increase in IL‐6 and CXCL1 transcripts was attenuated by vitamin D3 (30 ng/mL). Treatment with vitamin D3 (3–300 ng/mL) for 24 h reduced the LPS‐evoked increase in PDL cell IL‐6 protein by about 50%. Vitamin D3 (30 ng/mL) had no effect on LPS‐induced IL‐1β and MCP‐1 mRNA expression.ConclusionsVitamin D3 promotes osteogenic differentiation but also downregulates inflammation promoter‐induced IL‐6 cytokine and CXCL1 chemokine expression in human PDL cells, suggesting that vitamin D3 both stimulates bone regeneration and antagonizes inflammation in human periodontal tissue.
A novel non‐surgical, minimally invasive technique for parathyroid autotransplantation: A case report
Authors: Aysan Erhan , Kilic Ulkan , Gok Ozlem , Altug Burcugul , Ercan Cilem , Idiz Ufuk Oguz , Kesgin Cemile , Muslumanoglu Mahmut 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a case report of intramuscular autotransplantation of the parathyroid cell suspension acquired after total parathyroidectomy. A 15‐yr‐old female patient who had been undergoing hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure for eight yr was diagnosed with secondary hyperthyroidism and subsequently underwent total parathyroidectomy. The parathyroid cells were acquired from the resected tissues, processed through isolation and cultivation phases, and counted using a cell counter. A total of two million cells were injected into the left deltoid muscle using a 22‐gauge needle. After surgery, five and 10 million cells were injected in the fifth and 12 week, respectively. The desired serum levels of parathyroid hormones and calcium were not achieved after the first two transplantations. In addition, there was no regression in the patient's symptoms. However, at four wk after the third transplantation, serum parathyroid hormone level did not decrease to <3 pg/mL, the patient was asymptomatic, and the oral treatment was stopped. Our findings indicate that this new technique is applicable because it is minimally invasive, and it can be easily repeated.
Effects of FGF10 on Bovine Oocyte Meiosis Progression, Apoptosis, Embryo Development and Relative Abundance of Developmentally Important Genes In Vitro
Authors: Pomini Pinto RF , Fontes PK , Loureiro B , Sousa Castilho AC , Sousa Ticianelli J , Montanari Razza E , Satrapa RA , Buratini J , Moraes Barros C 
Published: December 2014

ContentsFibroblast growth factor (FGF10) acts at the cumulus oocyte complex, increasing the expression of cumulus cell expansion‐related genes and oocyte competency genes. We tested the hypothesis that addition of FGF10 to the maturation medium improves oocyte maturation, decreases the percentage of apoptotic oocytes and increases development to the blastocyst stage while increasing the relative abundance of developmentally important genes (COX2, CDX2 and PLAC8). In all experiments, oocytes were matured for 22 h in TCM‐199 supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10 or 50 ng/ml FGF10. In Experiment 1, after maturation, oocytes were stained with Hoechst to evaluate meiosis progression (metaphase I, intermediary phases and extrusion of the first polar body) and submitted to the TUNEL assay to evaluate apoptosis. In Experiment 2, oocytes were fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were frozen for analysis of COX2, CDX2 and PLAC8 relative abundance. In Experiment 1, 2.5 ng/ml FGF10 increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of oocytes with extrusion of the first polar body (35%) compared to 0, 10 and 50 ng/ml FGF10 (21, 14 and 12%, respectively) and FGF10 decreased the percentage of oocytes that were TUNEL positive in all doses studied. In Experiment 2, there was no difference in the percentage of oocytes becoming blastocysts between treatments and control. Real‐time RT‐PCR showed a tendency of 50 ng/ml FGF10 to increase the relative abundance of COX2 and PLAC8 and of 10 ng/ml FGF10 to increase CDX2. In conclusion, the addition of FGF10 to the oocyte maturation medium improves oocyte maturation in vitro, decreases the percentage of apoptotic oocytes and tends to increase the relative abundance of developmentally important genes.
Determinantal Point Process Models and Statistical Inference
Authors: Lavancier Frédéric , Møller Jesper , Rubak Ege 
Published: December 2014

SummaryStatistical models and methods for determinantal point processes (DPPs) seem largely unexplored. We demonstrate that DPPs provide useful models for the description of spatial point pattern data sets where nearby points repel each other. Such data are usually modelled by Gibbs point processes, where the likelihood and moment expressions are intractable and simulations are time consuming. We exploit the appealing probabilistic properties of DPPs to develop parametric models, where the likelihood and moment expressions can be easily evaluated and realizations can be quickly simulated. We discuss how statistical inference is conducted by using the likelihood or moment properties of DPP models, and we provide freely available software for simulation and statistical inference.
Bayesian Non-Parametric Models for Spatially Indexed Data of Mixed Type
Authors: Papageorgiou Georgios , Richardson Sylvia , Best Nicky 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe develop Bayesian non-parametric models for spatially indexed data of mixed type. Our work is motivated by challenges that occur in environmental epidemiology, where the usual presence of several confounding variables that exhibit complex interactions and high correlations makes it difficult to estimate and understand the effects of risk factors on health outcomes of interest. The modelling approach that we adopt assumes that responses and confounding variables are manifestations of continuous latent variables and uses multivariate Gaussian distributions to model these jointly. Responses and confounding variables are not treated equally as relevant parameters of the distributions of the responses only are modelled in terms of explanatory variables or risk factors. Spatial dependence is introduced by allowing the weights of the non-parametric process priors to be location specific, obtained as probit transformations of Gaussian Markov random fields. Confounding variables and spatial configuration have a similar role in the model, in that they influence, along with the responses, only the allocation probabilities of the areas into the mixture components, thereby allowing for flexible adjustment of the effects of observed confounders, while allowing for the possibility of residual spatial structure, possibly occurring because of unmeasured or undiscovered spatially varying factors. Aspects of the model are illustrated in simulation studies and an application to a real data set.
DEBATE: Should Dialysis at Home be Mandatory for All Suitable ESRD Patients?
Authors: Lewicki Michelle C. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Kerr Peter G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSince their inception in the 1960s, home‐based dialysis therapies have been viable alternatives to conventional thrice weekly in center hemodialysis. In spite of this, uptake of these therapies has been steadily declining over past decades with utilization varying globally; dependent on training support, funding models, and prevailing Nephrologist beliefs. In the Australian context, home dialysis (predominantly peritoneal dialysis and extended hours nocturnal hemodialysis) is now again increasing in popularity—with enthusiasm driven not only by evidence of an array of physiological and psychological patient benefit but also significant economic advantage: critical in the current climate where dialysis therapies in Australia take approximately $1 billion dollars per year from the healthcare budget. When assessing the significant advantages of home‐based therapies, it is important to consider not only the increasing body of evidence around improved survival but also that for dramatically better health‐related quality of life, decreased economic burden and the overall benefits of undertaking treatment in the home. With patient‐centered care an increasingly important aspect of our decision making paradigm, home‐based dialysis should be considered as the default option in all patients transitioning to renal replacement therapy.
Recipient clinical risk factors predominate in possible transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Toy Pearl , Bacchetti Peter , Grimes Barbara , Gajic Ognjen , Murphy Edward L. , Winters Jeffrey L. , Gropper Michael A. , Hubmayr Rolf D. , Matthay Michael A. , Wilson Gregory , Koenigsberg Monique , Lee Deanna C. , Hirschler Nora V. , Lowell Clifford A. , Schuller Randy M. , Gandhi Manish J. , Norris Philip J. , Mair David C. , Sanchez Rosen Rosa , Looney Mark R. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundPossible transfusion‐related acute lung injury (pTRALI) cases by definition have a clear temporal relationship to an alternative recipient risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We questioned whether transfusion factors are important for the development of pTRALI.Study Design and MethodsIn this nested case‐control study, we prospectively identified 145 consecutive patients with pTRALI and randomly selected 163 transfused controls over a 4‐year period at the University of California at San Francisco and the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota).ResultsFor pTRALI, we found evidence against transfusion being important: receipt of plasma from female donors (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29‐2.3; p = 0.70), total number of units transfused (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89‐1.10; p = 0.86), and number of red blood cell and whole blood units transfused (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.59‐1.03; p = 0.079). In contrast, we found that risk for pTRALI was associated with additional recipient factors: chronic alcohol abuse (OR, 12.5; 95% CI, 2.8‐55; p < 0.001), current smoker (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.67‐10.8; p = 0.0024), shock before transfusion (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.0‐10.7; p < 0.001), and positive fluid balance before transfusion (OR, 1.32/L; 95% CI, 1.20‐1.44; p < 0.001).ConclusionRecipient risk factors for ARDS rather than transfusion risk factors predominate in pTRALI.
Expression patterns of superficial epidermal adhesion molecules in an experimental dog model of acute atopic dermatitis skin lesions
Authors: Olivry Thierry , Dunston Stanley M. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe stratum corneum is critical for providing a functional skin barrier, especially in humans and dogs with atopic dermatitis. An effective barrier also depends upon intact corneodesmosomes and superficial epidermal tight junctions.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo study the expression of selected corneodesmosome, desmosome, tight and adherens junction proteins in an experimental model of acute atopic dermatitis skin lesions in dogs.MethodsControl and house dust mite (HDM) allergen‐containing patches (two types of patches) were applied to the skin of six Maltese–beagle atopic dogs hypersensitive to HDM. Patches were left on for 48 h, and biopsies were collected 24 h after removal. Frozen skin sections were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for corneodesmosin, desmoglein‐1, desmocollin‐1, claudin‐1 and E‐cadherin. Immunostains were assessed for their extent, intensity and patterns; they were compared between HDM and control patches on the same dogs.ResultsThe immunostaining for E‐cadherin, desmocollin‐1 and desmoglein‐1 was homogeneous, intercellular and continuous in all control and HDM patches. The immunoreactivity of corneodesmosin and claudin‐1 was heterogeneous and reduced in intensity in 12 of 12 and eight of 12 HDM patches, respectively, in contrast to a normal expression seen in all control samples (Fisher's test, P < 0.001).Conclusions and clinical importanceThese observations suggest that HDM allergens, via proteolytic digestion and/or because of induced allergic inflammation, affect the expression and possible function of corneodesmosomal and tight junction proteins. Ensuing intercellular junction alterations might promote an abnormally increased penetration of allergens through the epidermis.
Antibody titres against canine papillomavirus 1 peak around clinical regression in naturally occurring oral papillomatosis
Authors: Sancak Arda , Favrot Claude , Geisseler Marco D. , Müller Martin , Lange Christian E. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundMost forms of canine papillomatosis are believed to be associated with papillomavirus infections. Canine papillomavirus type 1 (CPV1) is considered to be responsible for most oral cases and several forms of cutaneous papillomatosis.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate cases of naturally occurring oral papillomatosis with regard to the type of virus involved, antibody induction and remission time.MethodsForty dogs showing different degrees of classical oral papillomatosis were included as a single study group. Tissue and serum samples were acquired upon initial presentation; serum samples were collected again upon remission (n = 13) and after 3 months of convalescence (n = 4). None of the dogs underwent antiviral therapy. Tissue samples were tested byPCRto detectCPV DNA, while serum samples were tested using a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against the L1 capsid protein ofCPV1.ResultsAll tissue samples were positive forCPV1DNA, and 87.5% of all serum samples contained measurable levels of antibody against the virus (cut‐off value 0.3). The average optical density measured in the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was 0.51 at initial presentation, 1.65 upon remission and 0.83 at 3 months postrecovery. Time to clinical regression varied between 1 month and 1 year.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese data support existing evidence for a high prevalence ofCPV1 in canine oral papillomatosis. The healing process seems to correlate with a strong antibody response, and antibody titres peaked around the time of clinical recovery. In contrast to previous data from laboratory settings, the variation in remission time was very high.
Cervical Cancer Screening in Adolescents: An Evidence‐Based Internet Education Program for Practice Improvement Among Advanced Practice Nurses
Authors: Choma Kim , McKeever Amy E. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe literature reports great variation in the knowledge levels and application of the recent changes of cervical cancer screening guidelines into clinical practice. Evidence‐based screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer offers healthcare providers the opportunity to improve practice patterns among female adolescents by decreasing psychological distress as well as reducing healthcare costs and morbidities associated with over‐screening.PurposeThe purpose of this pilot intervention study was to determine the effects of a Web‐based continuing education unit (CEU) program on advanced practice nurses’ (APNs) knowledge of current cervical cancer screening evidence‐based recommendations and their application in practice. This paper presents a process improvement project as an example of a way to disseminate updated evidence‐based practice guidelines among busy healthcare providers.MethodsThis Web‐based CEU program was developed, piloted, and evaluated specifically for APNs. The program addressed their knowledge level of cervical cancer and its relationship with high‐risk human papillomavirus. It also addressed the new cervical cancer screening guidelines and the application of those guidelines into clinical practice.FindingsResults of the study indicated that knowledge gaps exist among APNs about cervical cancer screening in adolescents. However, when provided with a CEU educational intervention, APNs’ knowledge levels increased and their self‐reported clinical practice behaviors changed in accordance with the new cervical cancer screening guidelines.Linking Evidence to PracticeProviding convenient and readily accessible up‐to‐date electronic content that provides CEU enhances the adoption of clinical practice guidelines, thereby decreasing the potential of the morbidities associated with over‐screening for cervical cancer in adolescents and young women.
Prevalence of Type VI Secretion System in Spanish Campylobacter jejuni Isolates
Authors: Ugarte‐Ruiz M. , Stabler R. A. , Domínguez L. , Porrero M. C. , Wren B. W. , Dorrell N. , Gundogdu O. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryInfections from Campylobacter jejuni pose a serious public health problem and are now considered the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis throughout the world. Sequencing of C. jejuni genomes has previously allowed a number of loci to be identified, which encode virulence factors that aid survival and pathogenicity. Recently, a Type VI secretion system (T6SS) consisting of 13 conserved genes was described in C. jejuni strains and recognised to promote pathogenicity and adaptation to the environment. In this study, we determined the presence of this T6SS in 63 Spanish C. jejuni isolates from the food chain and urban effluents using whole‐genome sequencing. Our findings demonstrated that nine (14%) strains harboured the 13 ORFs found in prototype strain C. jejuni 108. Further studies will be necessary to determine the prevalence and importance of T6SS‐positive C. jejuni strains.