bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of cognitive functioning in acute schizophrenia and depression
Authors: Gooren Tina , Schlattmann Peter , Neu Peter 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveEven though cognitive deficits are well recognised in schizophrenia and depression, direct comparisons between the disorders are scarce in literature. This study aims to assess specificity and degree of cognitive deficits in inpatients with acute schizophrenia and unipolar major depression.MethodsA neuropsychological test battery was administered to 76 schizophrenic patients, 102 patients with unipolar major depression and 85 healthy controls (HCs), assessing verbal learning [Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)], processing speed (Trail Making Test), verbal fluency and visual memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised test).ResultsBoth patient groups were significantly impaired compared with HCs with regard to all test outcomes. The schizophrenia group (SG) performed significantly worse in the Wechsler Memory Scale and verbal fluency than the depression group (DG). The DG reached significantly lower scores than the SG in the RAVLT delayed recall subtest. No significant group difference between SG and DG was found for the Trail Making Test and the RAVLT direct recall trails.ConclusionOur results indicate that cognitive impairment is present in both disorders. Schizophrenic patients performed worse than patients with unipolar depression in only two of the administered tests. Differences in cognitive performance between the groups are not as general as often assumed. Therefore, during the acute phase of illness, a diagnostic classification on the grounds of the patients’ neurocognitive performance has to be done with caution.
Dances with worms: the ecological and evolutionary impacts of deworming on coinfecting pathogens
Authors: FENTON ANDY 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYParasitic helminths are ubiquitous in most host, including human, populations. Helminths often alter the likelihood of infection and disease progression of coinfecting microparasitic pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa), and there is great interest in incorporating deworming into control programmes for many major diseases (e.g. HIV, tuberculosis, malaria). However, such calls are controversial; studies show the consequences of deworming for the severity and spread of pathogens to be highly variable. Hence, the benefits of deworming, although clear for reducing the morbidity due to helminth infection per se, are unclear regarding the outcome of coinfections and comorbidities. I develop a theoretical framework to explore how helminth coinfection with other pathogens affects host mortality and pathogen spread and evolution under different interspecific parasite interactions. In all cases the outcomes of coinfection are highly context-dependent, depending on the mechanism of helminth-pathogen interaction and the quantitative level of helminth infection, with the effects of deworming potentially switching from beneficial to detrimental depending on helminth burden. Such context-dependency may explain some of the variation in the benefits of deworming seen between studies, and highlights the need for obtaining a quantitative understanding of parasite interactions across realistic helminth infection ranges. However, despite this complexity, this framework reveals predictable patterns in the effects of helminths that may aid the development of more effective, integrated management strategies to combat pathogens in this coinfected world.
Effects of laser profiles on fast electron generation under the same laser energy
Authors: Hata M. , Sakagami H. , Johzaki T. , Nagatomo H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn fast ignition, optimization of laser profile for core heating is one approach to ignite the core. However, the profile is not so optimized and its effects on fast electron characteristics are not fully clarified yet. The laser profile is optimized under the condition of same laser energy because laser energy is restricted in experiments. Therefore, we investigate effects of laser profile on fast electron generation under the condition of same laser energy. In this paper, each effect of laser temporal and spatial profile is estimated independently using two-dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulations. We conclude that lower intensity laser suitable for fast ignition under the limit of simulated parameters when energy of laser is same because efficient core-heating electrons are much generated and divergence angle is smaller in low-intensity case compared to high-intensity case.
Kleptoparasitism in the endemic gecko Phelsuma inexpectata: pollen theft from foraging honeybees on Réunion
Authors: Clémencet Johanna , Aubert Cyril , Blottière Doriane , Sanchez Mickaël 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:Interspecific kleptoparasitism (the stealing of already-procured items from other species) has received little attention in tropical reptiles. We report here the second case of kleptoparasitism in tropical lizards, and the first known case of pollen theft by a vertebrate species. Phelsuma inexpectata, a gekkonid lizard endemic to Réunion, was observed robbing pollen pellets from honeybees (Apis mellifera) foraging on Latania lontaroides flowers. Video-records were used to obtain reliable information on gecko-honeybee interactions occurring on L. lontaroides inflorescences. During the 19 observation periods (total duration 140 min) a total of 78 attempts were recorded, at least 40% were successful. Both males and females displayed kleptoparasitic behaviour. A high level of gecko kleptoparasitism occurred, with an average one-robbery attempt every 2 min. Behaviour of both the kleptoparasitic P. inexpectata and its host A. mellifera are described.
How do habitat and climate variation affect phenology of the Amazonian palm, Mauritia flexuosa?
Authors: Khorsand Rosa Roxaneh , Barbosa Reinaldo Imbrozio , Koptur Suzanne 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:Although the dioecious palm, Mauritia flexuosa plays a pivotal role in Amazonian ecology and economy, little is known about its flowering and fruiting patterns. We investigated the role of habitat and inter-annual precipitation in the phenology of M. flexuosa. We calculated sex ratios and recorded phenology for 20 mo in four populations (N = 246) of savanna–forest ecotone (two sites) and forest (two sites) habitat in Roraima, Brazilian Amazonia. Sex ratios were significantly female-biased, and >98% of females set fruit. No significant relationship was found between habitat and sex. Flowering occurred at the wet/dry season interface (August–November), and fruit maturation occurred during the wet season (May–August). Males and females flowered synchronously, and neither the onset nor termination of flowering differed significantly between habitats. Flowering was negatively associated with present precipitation and positively correlated with prior precipitation (3 mo). Fruiting was positively associated with present precipitation and unrelated to prior precipitation (3 mo). We conclude that habitat has an insignificant effect, although short-term climatic variation may influence phenology of this species in northern Amazonia. These results highlight the need for long-term studies relating flowering and fruiting events, and inter-annual climatic variation.
Epidemiology and estimated costs of a large waterborne outbreak of norovirus infection in Sweden
Authors: LARSSON C. , ANDERSSON Y. , ALLESTAM G. , LINDQVIST A. , NENONEN N. , BERGSTEDT O. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYA large outbreak of norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis caused by contaminated municipal drinking water occurred in Lilla Edet, Sweden, 2008. Epidemiological investigations performed using a questionnaire survey showed an association between consumption of municipal drinking water and illness (odds ratio 4·73, 95% confidence interval 3·53–6·32), and a strong correlation between the risk of being sick and the number of glasses of municipal water consumed. Diverse NoV strains were detected in stool samples from patients, NoV genotype I strains predominating. Although NoVs were not detected in water samples, coliphages were identified as a marker of viral contamination. About 2400 (18·5%) of the 13 000 inhabitants in Lilla Edet became ill. Costs associated with the outbreak were collected via a questionnaire survey given to organizations and municipalities involved in or affected by the outbreak. Total costs including sick leave, were estimated to be ∼8 700 000 Swedish kronor (∼€0·87 million).
Urban social space and the development of public dance hall culture in Vienna, 1780–1814
Authors: KORHONEN JOONAS JUSSI SAKARI 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT:This article seeks to understand how the emergence of public dance hall culture affected the consumption of dance music among different social classes in Vienna between the years 1780 and 1814, when the number of dance halls more than tripled. Using mainly contemporary eyewitness accounts as sources, this article argues that social distinctions, rather than disappearing, were reinforced after the commercialization of the Viennese dance halls. As turn-of-the-century Vienna was a major city with a heterogeneous population, the diversity of social classes was reflected in its ballroom culture. This is because the Viennese elite, the nobility and the higher bourgeoisie, was very reluctant to share social space with the lower classes. Although to some degree the amount of social space expanded in the city at the time, the use of the space, however, remained socially diverse.
Sustainability or the measurement of wealth?
Authors: Cairns Robert D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe theoretical definitions of sustainability proposed inEDE's recent symposium,Sustainability and the Measurement of Wealth, are useful for measuring national wealth but not for measuring sustainability. Moreover, because they are based on market prices and extensions to them, the empirical estimates are not indicators of sustainability. Sustainable development is defined and a theoretic indicator is proposed using maximin theory.
Certified quality systems and farming practices in olive growing: The case of integrated production in Andalusia
Authors: Hinojosa-Rodríguez Ascensión , Parra-López Carlos , Carmona-Torres Carmen , Sayadi Samir , Gallardo-Cobos Rosa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe competitiveness of the olive agrofood sector depends heavily on its ability to adapt to the current scenario of increasingly internationalized interchanges, segmentation of markets, differentiation of consumption behaviors, and changing public support for agriculture. Quality differentiation and certification through a Certified Quality System (CQS) ensure the quality of products and services beyond mandatory levels and generate a competitive advantage for certified firms. In the Andalusian olive-growing sector, the largest in the world, integrated production (IP) plays an important role. IP certifies a higher quality of the product and production process by guaranteeing the implementation of farming practices that are hypothetically more sustainable, environmentally friendly, profitable, fair for farmers, and healthy for consumers. This paper investigates the underlying factors that have conditioned the diffusion of IP and tries to confirm the differential and higher quality provided by this CQS. A survey of 400 farmers from the main olive-growing provinces of Andalusia was carried out in 2010/2011 on the basis of face-to-face interviews following a structured questionnaire. The results corroborate low levels of knowledge and adoption of most of the available CQSs in the sector. They also confirm the higher quality of IP olive products and processes since farmers adopting this CQS are implementing better farming practices from an agronomic, environmental and economic point of view. The better practices are especially those related to soil management, irrigation, phytosanitation and harvesting. Otherwise, olive farmers in general seem to be entrenched in a relatively closed information system where ‘contagion’ of information among themselves and from close sources is the main diffusion driver, with no significant influence from external sources such as public and private R&D institutions. Moreover, a lack of orientation of farmers toward satisfying customers’ requirements when innovating was detected. Strengthening the diffusion of IP would require bringing information closer to farmers in an accessible manner. The work of R&D institutions is essential in this context. Special emphasis should be placed on the medium- to long-term economic benefits and improved competitiveness associated with IP, these being the main concerns of farmers. Improved access to credit would also probably encourage its adoption. It is also necessary to convince farmers of the environmental and social benefits associated with IP. Reinforcing public policies promoting the professionalization of the sector and training in marketing are also necessary measures.
Apport de la reconstruction tridimensionnelle à l’aide du logiciel 3DNEO® dans le traitement chirurgico-orthodontique des dents incluses
Authors: Messaoudi Yassine , Coudert Jean-Loup , Aknin Jean-Jacques 
Published: May 2013

Contexte : Dans le traitement chirurgico-orthodontique des dents incluses, le diagnostic et l’élaboration d’une solution thérapeutique peuvent être difficiles à réaliser avec les méthodes conventionnelles de radiographie. Objectif : Le but de cet article sera de présenter et d’évaluer les perspectives d’aide apportée au diagnostic et à la thérapeutique par un logiciel de reconstruction tridimensionnelle (3DNEO®, 3DNEOVISION) dans le cadre de la chirurgie mini-invasive et du traitement orthodontique assisté par informatique. Matériels et méthodes : Les données radiologiques d’une série de patients présentant des dents incluses sont analysées à l’aide d’un logiciel basé sur un algorithme utilisant la « croissance de région » et permettant la création d’une scène 3D. Résultats : L’utilisation de ce logiciel nous permet d’obtenir des reconstructions tridimensionnelles de type surfacique et ainsi d’entrevoir de nombreuses applications cliniques : localiser et visualiser précisément les rapports de la dent incluse avec les éléments anatomiques adjacents sous l’angle de vue désiré, associer/dissocier les différents éléments de la scène 3D, mesurer les distances, calculer les axes de traction, matérialiser le chemin de traction et le point optimal de collage de l’attache orthodontique, préparer dans le virtuel le geste chirurgical et le plan de traitement orthodontique, pouvoir transférer les étapes et les dimensions du virtuel au réel. Conclusion : L’utilisation de tels logiciels 3D nous permet d’améliorer le diagnostic et d’affiner le plan de traitement des dents incluses, dans le but de réduire le risque d’échec des tractions et de prodiguer des soins à la fois plus confortables et de meilleure qualité à nos patients.
The Cotton Transcription Factor TCP14 Functions in Auxin-Mediated Epidermal Cell Differentiation and Elongation
Authors: Wang Miao-Ying , Zhao Pi-Ming , Cheng Huan-Qing , Han Li-Bo , Wu Xiao-Min , Gao Peng , Wang Hai-Yun , Yang Chun-Lin , Zhong Nai-Qin , Zuo Jian-Ru , Xia Gui-Xian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPlant-specific TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors play crucial roles in development, but their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized the cellular functions of the class I TCP transcription factor GhTCP14 from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). GhTCP14 is expressed predominantly in fiber cells, especially at the initiation and elongation stages of development, and its expression increased in response to exogenous auxin. Induced heterologous overexpression of GhTCP14 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced initiation and elongation of trichomes and root hairs. In addition, root gravitropism was severely affected, similar to mutant of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) gene. Examination of auxin distribution in GhTCP14-expressing Arabidopsis by observation of auxin-responsive reporters revealed substantial alterations in auxin distribution in sepal trichomes and root cortical regions. Consistent with these changes, expression of the auxin uptake carrier AUXIN1 (AUX1) was up-regulated and PIN2 expression was down-regulated in the GhTCP14-expressing plants. The association of GhTCP14 with auxin responses was also evidenced by the enhanced expression of auxin response gene IAA3, a gene in the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) family. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that GhTCP14 bound the promoters of PIN2, IAA3, and AUX1, and transactivation assays indicated that GhTCP14 had transcription activation activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GhTCP14 is a dual-function transcription factor able to positively or negatively regulate expression of auxin response and transporter genes, thus potentially acting as a crucial regulator in auxin-mediated differentiation and elongation of cotton fiber cells.
Knowledge management model of community business: Thai OTOP Champions
Authors: Tuamsuk Kulthida , Phabu Thongchai , Vongprasert Chollabhat 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose the knowledge management (KM) model of the Thai “One Tambon One Product” (OTOP) community business by investigating the KM practices of the selected five‐star OTOP businesses of Thailand and identifying the KM factors that affect the success of their businesses.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method was used. The research units were three groups of Thai OTOP Champions with a score of five stars who have become successful in community income building, with national renown and ethnic representations. The research had three phases. Phase 1 was the study of KM practices of top OTOP businesses and factors affecting their successes of these businesses. Data were collected by in‐depth interviews, focus groups, and participatory observations. The informants were the OTOP businesses' administrators, operating staff, and members. Phase 2 involved data analysis and synthesis using content analysis. Phase 3 consisted of the development of a KM model for top OTOP businesses based on the results of Phase 1 and KM theories. The model was confirmed via a seminar technique and expert knowledge.FindingsThe findings lead to proposal of a KM model for top successful Thai OTOP businesses, with the following components: KM processes propelling the process of OTOP business management, and KM success factors including leadership, organizational cultures, man, and knowledge/intellect.Originality/valueThis research has developed a KM model for community business, which is based on the practices of successful national businesses. Therefore it can be applied for the management of any OTOP business in Thailand.
Why and when do people hide knowledge?
Authors: Peng He 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine why and when employees hide knowledge. Individuals may tend to hide knowledge when they have strong psychological ownership feelings over knowledge. Therefore, this research builds and tests a theoretical model linking knowledge‐based psychological ownership with knowledge hiding via territoriality.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from knowledge workers in China via a three‐wave web‐based survey. The final sample was 190 cases. Hierarchical regression models and a bootstrapping approach were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that knowledge‐based psychological ownership positively affects knowledge hiding. Territoriality fully mediates the link between knowledge‐based psychological ownership and knowledge hiding. Moreover, organization‐based psychological ownership moderates the positive link between territoriality and knowledge hiding. Specifically, territoriality will mediate the indirect effect of knowledge‐based psychological ownership on knowledge hiding when organization‐based psychological ownership is low, but not when it is high.Research limitations/implicationsThe research reflects that to reduce knowledge hiding, organizations should focus on practices that can decrease employees' self‐perception of possession of knowledge and territoriality and that can strengthen employees' psychological ownership for organizations.Originality/valueAlthough many actions have been adopted to foster knowledge management in companies, knowledge hiding is still prevalent in work settings. This paper highlights the predictive power of knowledge‐based psychological ownership on knowledge hiding, and the mediating role of territoriality in the link between knowledge‐based psychological ownership and knowledge hiding.
Proprotein Convertases Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9, an enzyme turned escort protein: Hepatic and extra hepatic functions (第9型前蛋白转换酶—枯草溶菌素/蛋白酶K，一种酶转变的护送蛋白：在肝脏与肝外的功能)
Authors: Mbikay Majambu , Mayne Janice , Chrétien Michel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractProprotein Convertases Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine endoproteinase. Biosynthesized as a zymogen, it cleaves itself once, and then turns into an escort protein for transmembrane proteins, leading them into lysosomes for degradation. It is primarily produced and secreted by the liver. It attaches to the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) at the surface of hepatocytes and, after co‐endocytosis, directs it into lysosomes where it is degraded. By downregulating LDLR, PCSK9 reduces hepatic clearance of LDL‐cholesterol. Inborn or induced increase of this function causes hypercholesterolemia; its decrease causes hypocholesterolemia. This has been experimentally demonstrated ex vivo and in vivo, and corroborated by epidemiological studies associating PCSK9 genetic variations with plasma cholesterol levels. PCSK9 is now a proven target for inactivation in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and associated atherosclerosis. However, it is still uncertain whether its severe or complete inactivation, combined with other predispositions, will be without undesirable side‐effects. Some experimental data suggest that PCSK9 could contribute positively to the physiology of non‐hepatic cells such as pancreatic islets β cells, adipocytes and macrophages, protecting them from excessive lipid uptake, in an endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine manner. Genetic variations that attenuate PCSK9 anti‐LDLR activity are common in human populations. Their evolutionary significance still needs to be evaluated on the background of environmental pressures, such as infectious diseases, cold weather and famine, which have threatened survival and reproduction in the course of human prehistory and history.