bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ramping up the signal: promoting endurance training adaptation in skeletal muscle by nutritional manipulation
Authors: Hawley John A , Morton James P 
Published: August 2014

SummaryMitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle results from the cumulative effect of transient increases in mRNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins in response to repeated exercise sessions. This process requires the coordinated expression of both nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) DNA genomes and is regulated, for the most part, by the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α. Several other exercise‐inducible proteins also play important roles in promoting an endurance phenotype, including AMP‐activated protein kinase, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and tumour suppressor protein p53. Commencing endurance‐based exercise with low muscle glycogen availability results in greater activation of many of these signalling proteins compared with when the same exercise is undertaken with normal glycogen concentration, suggesting that nutrient availability is a potent signal that can modulate the acute cellular responses to a single bout of exercise. When exercise sessions are repeated in the face of low glycogen availability (i.e. chronic training), the phenotypic adaptations resulting from such interventions are also augmented.
Improving the Sensory and Oxidative Stability of Cooked and Chill‐Stored Lamb Using Dietary Rosemary Diterpenes
Authors: Serrano Rafael , Ortuño Jordi , Bañón Sancho 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo dietary rosemary extracts (DREs) containing diterpenes (carnosic acid and carnosol at 1:1 and 2:1 w:w) were tested in fattening lambs to stabilize the sensory quality of cooked and chill‐stored patties. A total of 63 lambs were fed freely for 80 ± 5 d with a basal diet supplemented or not with DRE. Minced leg meat from each lamb was used to make patty batches. The patties were cooked at 72 ºC for 2 min, aerobically packed, kept at 2 ºC for up to 4 d and then reheated. Sensory traits (color, odor, flavor, and texture), CIELab color, and lipid oxidation (assessed as TBARS) were determined. In a first experiment, the lamb diet was supplemented with 600 mg of 1:1‐DRE or 2:1‐DRE kg−1 feed. The 1:1‐DRE diet delayed discoloration, flavor deterioration, and rancidity, while the 2:1‐DRE diet was ineffective in this respect. In a second experiment, 4 supplementation levels of 1:1‐DRE (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg kg−1 feed) were compared. Flavor deterioration was delayed when the lamb diet was supplemented with at least 400 mg 1:1‐DRE kg−1 feed. The effects of the diet on the odor, flavor, and color were corroborated by differences in TBARS and CIELab. The results obtained suggest that rosemary diterpenes and/or their active secondary compounds deposited in muscle can act as endogenous antioxidants in cooked lamb. The carnosol intake seems crucial in the antioxidant actions achieved through DRE. The use of rosemary antioxidants in animal feeding would allow meat‐based dishes to be preserved longer without adding preservatives.
Ischemic colitis: A forgotten entity. Results of a retrospective study in 118 patients
Authors: Sherid Muhammed , Sifuentes Humberto , Samo Salih , Sulaiman Samian , Husein Husein , Tupper Ruth , Sethuraman Sankara N , Spurr Charles , Vainder John A , Sridhar Subbaramiah 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to document our 6‐year experiences in identifing the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, risk factors and the outcomes of patients with ischemic colitis (IC) in a community hospital setting.MethodsThe medical records of patients who were diagnosed with IC from 2007 to 2013 in two community hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical characteristics, laboratory results, radiological, endoscopic and histological evidence, anatomic location of the lesion, comorbidities, concomitant use of drugs, and so on, were collected.ResultsA total of 118 patients with IC was identified, most were elderly individuals with a female predominance. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and diarrhea. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. Erythema, edema and erosions/ulcerations were the most common endoscopic findings. Left colon was the most affected location of lesion (84.8%), and there was one case of pancolitis. The descending colon was the most common affected segment, while rectum was the least affected segment. Severe IC occurred in 12.7% of the patients. Death within 30 days from the diagnosis of the disease occurred in 4.2%.ConclusionsIC is majorly occurred in elderly with a female predominance. Cardiovascular disease and its assoicated risk factors are the most common comorbidities. Left colon is the most affected location of the disease and the overall mortality rate was 4.2%. Physicians should make every effort to identify these patients, especially those with high risks.
Effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A combined with cisplatin on apoptosis of A549 cell line
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Jiang Shu‐Juan , Shang Bin , Jiang Hong‐Juan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors combined with other drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors are used more and more widely. In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin, a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent, on the apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells.MethodsA549 cells were treated with TSA alone, cisplatin alone or the two drugs combined. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using a light microscope, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) (3‐[4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl] −2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and Hochst33258 staining. Moreover, Western blot analysis was employed to examine the alterations of apoptosis protein: cellular Fas‐associated death domain‐like interleukin‐1 β converting enzyme inhibitory protein (cFLIP) and caspase‐8 in A549 cells in response to the different exogenous stimuli.ResultsCompared with single‐agent treatment, the co‐treatment of A549 cells with TSA and cisplatin synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and increased the inhibition rate. Treatment with TSA and cisplatin led to a significant decrease of cFLIP expression. Furthermore, the treatment of A549 cells with TSA and cisplatin resulted in a significant decrease of pro‐caspase‐8 and a significant increase of caspase‐8.ConclusionsSynergistic anti‐tumor effects are observed between cisplatin and TSA in lung cancer cells. The combination of TSA with cisplatin may be a more effective method in human lung cancer treatment.
The association of identifiable intangible assets acquired and recognised in business acquisitions with postacquisition firm performance
Authors: Su Wun Hong , Wells Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper extends the literature evaluating accounting practices for identifiable intangible assets and considers whether the application of these accounting practices changed on transition to IFRS. It finds no evidence of identifiable intangible assets acquired and recognised in business acquisitions being associated with postacquisition firm performance or changes in postacquisition firm performance, either before or after transition to IFRS. This is inconsistent with the requirements of regulations such as IFRS 3 Business Combinations and IAS 38 Intangible Assets, and there is no empirical evidence supporting the present regulatory distinction between acquired and internally generated and revalued identifiable intangible assets.
Post‐independence fledgling ecology in a migratory songbird: implications for breeding‐grounds conservation
Authors: Streby H. M. , Peterson S. M. , Kramer G. R. , Andersen D. E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor migratory songbirds, breeding‐grounds conservation and management plans are generally focused on habitat associated with locations of singing males and sometimes nesting females. However, habitat structure is often different in areas used for raising fledglings compared with areas used for song territories, and very little is known about habitat use by fledglings after independence from adult care. From 2010 to 2012, we used radiotelemetry to monitor 68 fledgling golden‐winged warblers Vermivora chrysoptera after independence from adult care in mixed managed forests of Minnesota, US and Manitoba, Canada. This species is of high conservation concern in the US, is listed as threatened in Canada and is listed as near threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. We assessed distance and orientation of independent fledgling movements and we used compositional analysis to test for selection among cover types. Fledglings of this species, commonly described as a shrubland specialist, selected mature forest (78% of locations) over all other cover types, and foraged in forest canopy and understory in mixed‐species flocks. Fledgling golden‐winged warbler movements were apparently associated with habitat optimization (although prioritizing foraging over predator avoidance), and likely not with commencement of migration, or scouting future breeding territories. Ten days after independence, fledglings were an average of 1238 m north of their nest, which may be related to homing‐target formation and the species' northward range expansion. We conclude that consideration for independent fledgling habitat associations is necessary for developing full‐fledged forest management plans on the breeding grounds of migratory songbirds.
Taking Space: Moments of Rupture and Everyday Life in Occupy London
Authors: Halvorsen Sam 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTaking space has been a common feature of recent social movements worldwide, and was a defining act of the Occupy movement. This article examines the taking of two spaces by Occupy London in October 2011, and argues that there was a tension between taking space as a moment of rupture, lived space‐times of intensity that provide an opening to new possibilities, and everyday life, the routines and rhythms through which social life is reproduced. My argument builds on the work of Lefebvre, bringing together his conceptualisation of “moments” and everyday life, and his radical theory of the production of space. I argue that examining the tensions over taking space provides a useful angle to explore some of the challenges faced by the Occupy movement, such as an unequal division of labour on camp, and may help in negotiating them.
CXCL13 as a new biomarker of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis – from bench to bedside?
Authors: Schiffer L , Worthmann K , Haller H , Schiffer M 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Different studies over the last decade have linked the B cell-attracting chemokine CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13) to the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A pathogenetic role of this chemokine for disease manifestation in SLE was described initially in mouse models for SLE. Mechanisms of CXCL13 actions were also identified in SLE patients. Moreover, various clinical studies have identified CXCL13 serum levels as a useful biomarker in patients with SLE of different ethnicities for disease activity. In addition, CXCL13 seems to be a promising marker for the diagnosis of lupus nephritis, one of the most severe complications of SLE. However, its exact place within the mechanisms that lead to SLE remains to be defined. Further research is needed to resolve more details of the pathomechanism and the signalling pathway of CXCL13 in SLE. Blocking CXCL13 or the signal pathways of CXCL13 is seen as a promising therapeutic approach for SLE and will be addressed in the near future. This review summarizes all papers that linked CXCL13 to SLE and highlights its importance in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of SLE
Conversion from calcineurin inhibitor–based immunosuppression to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors or belatacept in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Mulgaonkar Shamkant , Kaufman Dixon B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) remain the standard of care for maintenance immunosuppression following renal transplantation. CNIs have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing acute cellular rejection; however, some evidence suggests that these compounds negatively affect native renal function and are associated with allograft injury in renal transplant recipients. CNIs have also been linked with hypertension, new‐onset diabetes after transplantation, tremor, and thrombotic microangiopathy, which have significant consequences for long‐term allograft function and patient health overall. Thus, converting patients to a non‐CNI‐based regimen may improve renal function and also provide extrarenal benefits. A number of studies have been conducted that explore CNI conversion strategies in renal transplant recipients in an effort to improve long‐term allograft function and survival. These include converting to alternative, non‐nephrotoxic, maintenance immunosuppressants, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus) and the costimulation blocker belatacept. In this review of literature, evidence for the potential renal and extrarenal benefits of conversion to these non‐CNI‐based regimens is evaluated. Clinical challenges, including the adverse event profiles of non‐CNI‐based regimens and the selection of candidates for conversion, are also examined.
The seasonal dynamic of ant‐flower networks in a semi‐arid tropical environment
Authors: SANTOS GILBERTO M. M. , DÁTTILO WESLEY , PRESLEY STEVEN J. 
Published: August 2014

1. Several studies have recently focused on the structure of ecological networks involving ants and plants with extrafloral nectaries; however, little is known about the effects of temporal variation in resource abundance on the structure of ant–plant networks mediated by floral nectar.2. In this study, it was evaluated how strong seasonality in resource availability in a semi‐arid tropical environment affects the structure of ant–flower networks. We recorded ants collecting floral nectar during two seasons (from December 2009 to January 2013): dry and green seasons. Then, we built interaction networks for flower‐visiting ants in the Brazilian Caatinga separately for each combination of transect and season.3. In general, strong seasonality directly influenced patterns of ant–flower interactions and the overall complexity of these ecological networks. During the dry season, networks were more connected, less modular, and exhibited greater niche overlap of flower‐visiting ants than during the green season. Moreover, resource utilisation by ants during the dry season tended to be more aggregated. These findings indicate that during the dry season, ant species tended to share many resource bases, probably owing to lower overall resource availability during this season. Species composition of the ant network component was highly season specific; however, a central core of highly generalised ants was present during both seasons.4. The stability of this central core between seasons could strongly affect the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these interaction networks. This study contributes to the understanding of the structure and dynamics of ant‐flower interactions in extremely seasonal environments.
Effects of handling on fear reactions in young Icelandic horses
Authors: Marsbøll A. F. , Christensen J. W. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryReasons for performing the studyInclusion of objective temperament tests at practical horse breeding evaluations is of increased interest. It has been debated whether such tests may involve human handling, since there may be considerable differences in horses' handling experience.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of a short‐term standardised handling procedure on reactions of young horses in 2 types of fear tests (including and excluding human handling).Study designAn experimental study with 3‐year‐old Icelandic horses (n = 24).MethodsHandled horses (n = 12) were trained according to a standardised handling procedure whereas controls (n = 12) remained untrained. Behavioural and heart rate responses in a novel object test and 2 handling fear tests (HFTs) were measured. The HFTs were conducted with both an unknown (HFT‐unknown) and a known handler (HFT‐known).ResultsThere was no effect of the handling procedure on the horses' behavioural and heart rate responses in the novel object test, nor in the HFT‐unknown. In the HFT‐known, however, handled horses showed a significantly shorter duration of reluctance behaviour compared with controls, whereas heart rates did not differ. Heart rates correlated significantly between tests.ConclusionsPrevious handling may affect the behavioural fear response of horses when handled by their usual handler, whereas this effect did not apply to an unknown handler. Heart rates appeared unaffected by handling and may be a more reliable indicator of fearfulness. Known handlers may ‘mask’ behavioural responses of horses in fear tests and thus handling by a known handler during testing may not be appropriate for objective evaluation of fearfulness in a practical situation.
State‐of‐the‐art review on the local strain energy density concept and its relation to the J‐integral and peak stress method
Authors: Radaj D. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe local average strain energy density (SED) approach has been proposed and elaborated by Lazzarin for strength assessments in respect of brittle fracture and high‐cycle fatigue. Pointed and rounded (blunt) V‐notches subjected to tensile loading (mode 1) are primarily considered. The method is systematically extended to multiaxial conditions (mode 3, mixed modes 1 and 2). The application to brittle fracture is documented for PMMA flat bar specimens with pointed or rounded V‐notches inclusive of U‐notches. Results for other brittle materials (ceramics, PVC, duraluminum and graphite) are also recorded. The application to high‐cycle fatigue comprises fillet‐welded joints, weld‐like shaped and V‐notched base material specimens as well as round bar specimens with a V‐notch. The relation of the local SED concept to comparable other concepts is investigated, among them the Kitagawa, Taylor and Atzori–Lazzarin diagrams, the Neuber concept of fictitious notch rounding applied to welded joints and also the J‐integral approach. Alternative details of the local SED concept such as a semicircular control volume, microrounded notches and slit‐parallel loading are also mentioned. Coarse FE meshes at pointed or rounded notch tips are proven to be acceptable for accurate local SED evaluations. The peak stress method proposed by Meneghetti, which is based on a notch stress intensity factor consideration combined with a globally even coarse FE mesh and is used for the assessment of the fatigue strength of welded joints, is also presented.
Challenges for interpreting retinal morphology
Authors: BEK T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDiseases in the retina are the most frequent causes of visual impairment and blindness in the Western World. However, it is a paradox that these diseases that are debilitating because of the effects on retinal function, are mainly diagnosed and monitored on the basis of their morphological appeareance in the ocular fundus. The most widespread methods for evaluating retinal morphology are based on the study of light reflected from the fundus background and imaged through the optics of the eye. This imaging principle depends on image contrast, on spatial resolution of the optics of the eye, and on the temporal resolution of the recording system used to image the fundus. The morphological lesions observed in the ocular fundus are often heterogenous with varying number, size, shape, density, location and dynamics. In most cases information about these features are aggregated into more simple qualitative or semi‐quantitative grading systems that can be handled in simple rule based clinical decision models. However, the advent of computerized image processing has allowed a more detailed quantitative evaluation of retinal morphology. Examples will be given of how this may help improving the diagnosis and management of retinal disease.
Anterior corneal dystrophies
Authors: JANISZEWSKA D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn pursuance of the IC3D classification the group of the anterior corneal dystrophies include: Epithelial and Subepithelial Dystrophies: (( Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD)—majority degenerative, some C1; Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED) C4, (Smolandiensis variant) C3;Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy (SMCD) C4; Mutation in keratin genes: Meesmann corneal dystrophy (MECD) C1; Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy (LECD) C2; Gelatinous drop‐like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) C10 and Bowman Layer Dystrophies: (( Reis–Bücklers corneal dystrophy (RBCD)—Granular corneal dystrophy type 3 C1;Thiel–Behnke corneal dystrophy (TBCD) C1, potential variant C2; Grayson –Wilbrandt corneal dystrophy (GWCD) C4). Foregoing course summarizes genetic background, invasive examination (histological, confocal) and non invasive modern visualization techniques such as AS SOCT. Above lecture will also assume clinical approach.
Signs and symptoms of uveitis
Authors: NERI P , ARAPI I , PIRANI V , ZUCCHI M , PRIMAVERA L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInflammation of uveal tract can be divided into: anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. Uveitis can be a sight‐threatening disease. The commonest ocular symptoms are: blurred vision, ocular pain, photophobia and floaters, depending on the type of uveitis. The onset of uveitis can be either acute or insidious, involving one or both eyes. Posterior uveitis is usually associated with vitritis. Anterior chamber cells and flare should be graded according to standardized uveitis nomenclature (SUN) working group. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) score is used to grade vitreous involvement. Vitreous changes may comprehend: vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous strands, and vitreous traction. A further classification of posterior uveitis depends on the primary site of inflammation, which can identify: retinitis, choroiditis, retinochoroiditis, and chorioretinitis. Posterior pole uveal involvement can be: focal, multifocal, and placoid. Retinal vasculitis can be associated with several sub‐types of posterior uveitis. Uveitis can present several complications such as, anterior and posterior synechiae, which can lead to uveitic glaucoma, cystoid macular oedema, retinal and choroidal neovascularizations, and retinal ischemia.
Genetic causes of acute visual loss
Authors: YU‐WAI‐MAN P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGenetic causes of acute visual loss are relatively rare, but these still need to be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in the relevant clinical context. In this presentation, classical genetic disorders affecting the optic nerve will be discussed with a particular focus on Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). LHON is a primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorder and three point mutations within the mitochondrial genome account for the vast majority of cases, namely: m.3460G>A, m.11778G>A and m.14484T>C. It typically affects young adult males who present with bilateral severe visual loss in the second or third decade of life. In addition to the canonical LHON mutations, other pathogenic mtDNA mutations have been reported that can result in both syndromic and non‐syndromic optic neuropathies. Acute visual loss in genetic disorders can also be secondary to pathology involving the retrochiasmal visual pathways, for example, in MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes). The cardinal clinical manifestations in this group of patients are homonymous hemianopic visual field defects or cortical blindness.