bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Disparity and Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases: Analysis of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India using a Decomposition Approach
Authors: Annapurna  , Aftab Afifa , Kansal Sangeeta , Kumar Alok 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Many countries prioritize health-related research and policy around socioeconomic inequality. In India, data on socioeconomic disparity and risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are limited. The study provides empirical information on socioeconomic disparities in NCD risk factors in India as part of a preventative and policy initiative.

Methods:
The study used nationally representative data from wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India which adopted a multistage random sampling design. To achieve the objectives of the study, binary logistic regression was used to demonstrate the association between socioeconomic status and NCD risk factors, and further analysis was conducted employing the decomposition method approach using STATA 14 software to assess socioeconomic disparity.

Results:
Concentration Indices (CIs) revealed that overweight/obesity (CI = 0.157) was more prevalent among the nonpoor, whereas smoking (CI = −0.067) and alcohol consumption (CI = −0.014) were more prevalent among the poor. Wealth status was identified as the primary contributor to socioeconomic inequality for all of the risk factors of NCDs. Education was also the leading cause of socioeconomic inequality with respect to alcohol, smoking, high blood pressure, and obesity.

Conclusion:
Identifying the specific needs of impoverished and nonpoor populations is necessary for addressing NCD risk factors and inequalities. It is essential to implement interventions that address the underlying social determinants of health and promote health equality to reduce the burden of NCDs and enhance health outcomes for all.
Stakeholder Analysis for Hypertension Management in the Context of the Indian Public Health System
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjana , Karthikeyan Venkatesh , Das Shubhabrata , Boro Pallavi , Chakraborty Sasthi Narayan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hypertension (HTN) portends a significant public health burden in India and calls for multi-stakeholder action.

Objectives:
We aimed to analyze the role of key stakeholder constituencies implicated in managing HTN across different levels of care within the public health system in India, alongside the enablers and barriers for effective program implementation.

Methods:
We reviewed 45 articles and policy documents, and 17 consenting stakeholder representatives scored the stakeholder constituencies for “power,” “position” and “interest.” They ranked enablers and barriers to noncommunicable disease programs in each of the six building blocks of the WHO Health System Strengthening Framework. Data were analyzed on Jamovi 2.2.2.

Results:
Policymakers/program managers emerged as the most critical stakeholder in influencing policy implementation (score for power: 23.3 ± 8.5, position: 25.4 ± 6.9, and interest: 22.1 ± 8.3). Beneficiaries ranked lowest (power: 10 ± 5.1, position: 12.3 ± 4.5, and interest: 19.4 ± 4.2). Effective “on-ground” implementation (“service delivery”) was the most important enabler (17.9 ± 3.3) as well as a barrier (17.6 ± 9.2). The health workforce (19.2 ± 4.8) emerged as a top barrier.

Conclusion:
To bring around impactful efficiency in the health system, provider-side interventions, especially those at the point of delivery, emerged as the need of the hour. Policymakers and program managers could lead using a top-down leadership and Governance Approach, focusing on deploying an adequately trained and motivated health workforce to deliver HTN services. For ensuring better performance of the health system for HTN care, the health workforce/seemed to be the “obligatory pivot.” Health-care providers could serve as the “point of convergence” of efforts made by all the stakeholder constituencies.
Adverse Drug Reaction Patterns of First-line Anti-tubercular Drugs among Saharia Tuberculosis Patients: An Observational Study in Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Mishra Prashant , Bhat Jyothi , Yadav Rajiv , Sharma Ravendra Kumar , Rao Vikas Gangadhar 
Published: July 2024

Summary
The Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh has a very high tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, there is no report of adverse drug reaction (ADR) available in patients receiving anti-TB chemotherapy in the community. Reporting and monitoring of ADRs among TB patients is still rare in marginalized communities. An observational prospective study was performed from November 2019 to June 2020 to assess the patterns of ADRs in 250 Saharia TB patients, who were prescribed Category-I daily DOTS (HRZE) by the physician. Both male and female participants equally experienced ADR during the treatment, but relatively more females (92.6%) than males (88.6%) reported ADR during Phase I. Out of 250 patients, 224 patients (89.6%) experienced one or more ADRs in Phase I. The central nervous system-related (75.6%) ADR was mostly reported followed by any gastrointestinal (74.4%), cardiovascular (49.2%) and any dermatological related (44.4%) ADRs. It is paramount to timely monitor and proactively manages ADRs pertaining to anti-TB drug treatment with minimal alteration in the treatment course.
Strengthening Comprehensive Primary Health Care through Ayushman Bharat: Role of Demand and Supply-side Interventions
Authors: Purohit Neha , Goyal Aarti , Rairker Atul Bhanu , Balasubramanya M. A. , Kotwal Atul , Prinja Shankar 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Comprehensive primary health care (CPHC) is an effective way to respond to the challenges of changing epidemiology, growing population expectations, and universal health coverage. A set of demand and supply improvement strategies was developed to support primary health center provision and pilot tested in three model health and wellness centers (HWCs) in Punjab.

Objective:
The study aimed to assess the early effects of interventions on the inputs, processes, and outputs for optimal implementation of the Ayushman
Bharat-HWC (AB-HWC) program.

Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional facility assessments were conducted using a standardized methodology at three time points to identify the changes in inputs and processes at subcenter-HWCs from 2019 to 2021. In addition, daily and month-wise service utilization data of model HWCs and nonmodel HWCs in the intervention block and control block in a district of Punjab from the AB-HWC portal were analyzed from May 2020 to April 2021.

Results:
The difference-in-difference analysis indicated that the CPHC strengthening interventions in the model HWCs improved the mean number of people screened for noncommunicable diseases, mean newly diagnosed patients with hypertension and diabetes, mean hypertensive and diabetic patients on treatment, mean outpatient attendance, and mean number of wellness sessions by 265.71, 21.31, 29.48, 102.17, and 4.88 units per month, compared to control HWCs.

Conclusion:
The success of the initiatives can be attributed to an integrated approach encompassing multistakeholder planning of interventions, community involvement, empowerment of service providers, and consistent supportive supervision. The long-term success will be contingent on the quality of training, team dynamics, community participation, social accountability, and supervision support.
An octad of fumarate hydratase-deficient uterine leiomyomas: Case series with review of literature from a single institution
Authors: Batra Nishtha , Rekhi Bharat , Menon Santosh , Mittal Neha , Deodhar Kedar K. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient (FH-d) leiomyomas are included in the recent World Health Organization fascicle of the female genital tumors. These are known to be associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome. The tumors can be diagnosed based on certain histopathological features, along with loss of immunohistochemical expression of FH immunostain in most tumors. Currently, there is no documentation on these tumors from our subcontinent.

Aims:
We analyzed eight FH-d leiomyomas diagnosed at our institute.

Results:
The most common presentation was vaginal bleeding (menorrhagia). Pelvic ultrasonogram revealed multiple fibroids in most patients except in two, who harbored a single fibroid. The size of these fibroids ranged from 3 to 19 cm. Five patients underwent myomectomies, while three underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphino-ophorectomy. The most consistently observed histopathological features were hemangiopericytomatous vascular patterns, cytoplasmic globules, increased cellularity, distinct eosinophilic nucleoli, and cytological atypia (8/8, 100% tumors), followed by multinucleate giant cells and perivascular edema, seen in 62% and 50% tumors, respectively. Immunohistochemically, all tumors were positive for desmin, smooth muscle actin, and h-caldesmon and showed loss of FH immunostain, along with low Ki-67/MIB1. None of those patients had any renal or cutaneous manifestations.

Conclusions:
This constitutes the first such study from the Indian subcontinent and reinforces that although uterine leiomyomas constitute an integral component of the diagnosis of HLRCC syndrome, these occur in the absence of renal or cutaneous manifestations. FH-d uterine leiomyomas are more likely sporadic and could be a false alarm to raise the possibility of HLRCC with their exclusive presence.
Application of liquid biopsy in lung cancer management
Authors: Satapathy Shraddhanjali , Thirunavukkarasu Balamurugan , Jain Deepali 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Current advances in the understanding of the lung cancer landscape have drastically changed the approach to treating a patient with lung carcinoma. The field has progressed from analyzing single gene to using advanced techniques like next-generation sequencing and microarray technology. While a tumor tissue sample is considered the gold standard, it has several limitations. The limitations of invasive procedures, long processing periods, inaccessibility, and sample inadequacy are being addressed by sampling biofluids, termed ‘liquid biopsy,’ which offers a less invasive and more accessible way to obtain tumor-related information. Liquid biopsy has transformed the care of lung cancer patients by directly targeting somatic alterations from tumors. This article provides insights into the biology, technical aspects, limitations, and practical applications of ‘liquid biopsy,’ focusing on cell-free DNA and circulating tumor DNA in the context of lung cancer.
Antimicrobial Resistance Challenge to Sustainable Development Goals and Targets: A One-Health Perspective
Authors: Gurung Deepak , Bhardwaj Vinay Kumar , Fotedar Shailee 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Antimicrobial resistance is primarily associated with misuse, abuse, or overuse of antimicrobials, resulting in no effect of antibiotics on microorganisms in humans, animals, and the environment in the domain of One Health. AMR directly affects Sustainable Development (SDG) Goals 1,3, and 4 related to wellbeing considered the inner component, SDG Goals 2, 6, 8, 9, and 12 the infrastructural middle component, and SDG Goal 17 the related component of cooperation and coordination. AMR indirectly affects SDG Goals 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16. This interpretation is based on the dynamic interaction of various components that leads to direct or indirect tradeoff in achieving SDG goals based on the One-Health approach. Thus, understanding this dynamic interaction among various components of One Health is important to underscore the importance of AMR challenging Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Antimicrobial resistance extends beyond misuse, abuse, or overuse in healthcare settings, encompassing inadequate access to clean water, substandard practices in human and animal sanitation and hygiene, limited availability of early diagnostic tools, and insufficient legislation addressing the issue. Notably, a widespread lack of awareness and understanding regarding the issue poses a potential threat to SDGs. Hence, efforts must encompass strategic and synchronized actions across various tiers of the systems, coupled with evidence-based policy formulation, to yield sustainable outcomes on a global scale with the transdisciplinary approach of One Heath.
Human–river interaction and perceived morbidities: A cross-sectional study on River Killi, Kerala
Authors: Waheed Rinsa , Nayar Kesavan Rajasekharan , Grace Chitra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Almost all water resources around the world have been polluted by human activities. River pollution from industries and agricultural/domestic areas is ultimately affecting human life. It is important to understand such a problem from a public health angle as well as from the perspective of the river bank population.

OBJECTIVE:
The study examines the public health dimensions of human-river interaction in relation to the riverbank population and to assess their morbidity profile with respect to river Killi in Trivandrum district, Kerala.

METHODOLOGY:
The full stretch of the river was divided into grids for every 3 kms. and houses from alternate grids within 50 meters from the river edge were selected for the study. Data collection among 302 riverbank residents was done based on a pre-tested, semi-structured interview schedule in addition to in-depth interviews among 15 stakeholders.

RESULTS:
The study results showed that 161 (53.3%) households belonged to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) and 169 (56%) respondents were from low socioeconomic status. The human-river interaction was significantly associated with the place of residence (rural/urban) and their economic status. Common self-reported morbidities include itching on the skin (16.2%) and fungal infections (12.9%). The riverbank population also stated their vulnerability to flooding during the rainy season and the unavailability of fresh water during dry summer. The cleaning program by the government had a positive impact on river cleanliness. However, in many places along the stretch of the river, sewage drainage, waste dumping and aquatic weeds are still a problem.

CONCLUSION:
This study shows several factors that disturbed the positive human-river interaction. A collaborative approach including stakeholders and the riverbank population for better river management and persistent surveillance on river water quality and health evaluation of the riverbank population are needed.
Neuroprotective effect of ischemic postconditioning against hyperperfusion and its mechanisms of neuroprotection
Authors: Bagheri Seyyed Majid , Allahtavakoli Mohammad , Hakimizadeh Elham 
Published: July 2024

Background:In recent years, stroke and ischemia–reperfusion injury has motivated researchers to find new ways to reduce the complications. Although reperfusion is essential for brain survival, it is like a double-edged sword that may cause further damage to the brain. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) refers to the control of blood flow in postischemia–reperfusion that can reduce ischemia-reperfusion injuries.Materials and Methods:Articles were collected by searching for the terms: Ischemic postconditioning and neuroprotective and ischemic postconditioning and hyperperfusion. Suitable articles were collected from electronic databases, including ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, Biological Abstract, Chemical Abstract, and Google Scholar.Results:New investigations show that IPostC has protection against hyperperfusion by reducing the amount of blood flow during reperfusion and thus reducing infarction volume, preventing the blood–brain barrier damage, and reducing the rate of apoptosis through the activation of innate protective systems. Numerous mechanisms have been suggested for IPostC, which include reduction of free radical production, apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and activation of endogenous protective pathways.Conclusion:It seems that postconditioning can prevent damage to the brain by reducing the flow and blood pressure caused by hyperperfusion. It can protect the brain against damages such as stroke and hyperperfusion by activating various endogenous protection systems. In the present review article, we tried to evaluate both useful aspects of IPostC, neuroprotective effects, and fight against hyperperfusion.
Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Eftekharsadat Bina , Khakbiz Saideh , Badali Ahmadreza , Nasiri Ehsan , Babaei-Ghazani Arash 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most expected diagnosis for an arthropathy that causes discomfort and disability in older adults. Radiography is frequently used to assess patients with KOA and there have been few prior research evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography (US). The current study sought to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the US in identifying various characteristics of KOA in the scientific literature.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses statement. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases was completed in March 2023. This study focused on the diagnostic value of US in KOA, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.

Results:
Out of 552 records of database searches, finally, two studies met this systematic review’s eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Both of the included studies were cross sectional studies. US demonstrated remarkable sensitivity with adequate specificity for the detection of radiographic knee OA; however, it was found not to be an appropriate method for the detection of early KOA.

Conclusion:
This study as the first systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of US in detecting KOA. These findings shed light on the importance of investigating the different US features in the evaluation of KOA to reach appropriate sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis
The relationship between oxidative stress markers and temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eslami Hosein , Katebi Katayoun , Ghaffaripour Saleh Sevil , Mirizadeh Lalehsan , Hashemi Mohsen 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Oxidative stress has a role in many pathologic conditions, including oral diseases and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) pathophysiology. This study compared the selected oxidative biomarkers’ levels in TMD patients and healthy controls in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase were systematically searched for English articles up to October 2022 using MeSH and free keywords. Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to assess the risk of bias. Differences between biomarker levels in TMD patients were compared to the control group.

Results:
Ten case–control studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total of 659 patients: 314 with TMD and 345 healthy controls. The studies investigated 15 markers, including total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde (MDA). There was a significant difference in the salivary MDA of patients with TMD in comparison with healthy people; standard mean difference = 3.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–6.16); I
2 = 96.0%). The Antioxidant status in serum was significantly lower in patients with TMD in comparison with healthy people; weighted mean difference = −0.52 (95% CI: −0.90 to −0.14; I
2 = 97.0%). The result of TOS was inconclusive.

Conclusion:
Salivary MDA and serum total antioxidative status measurements may be used as a biomarker for diagnosing TMD. Due to the lack of sufficient evidence, it is not possible to express a definite relation between the amount and type of marker and TMD diagnosis, which suggests that more case–control studies with larger sample sizes are required.
Technology-based suicide prevention: An umbrella review
Authors: Siadat Sima , Farajzadegan Ziba , Motamedi Narges , Nouri Rasool , Eizadi-Mood Nastaran 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The objective is to summarize evidence from systematic reviews, scoping reviews, and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of any format of Internet-based, mobile-, or telephone-based intervention as a technology-based intervention in suicide prevention.

Materials and Methods:
This is an umbrella review, that followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement guidelines. An electronic search was done on September 29, 2022. Data were extracted by reviewers and then methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2. Statistical analysis was done by STATA version 17. Standard mean difference was extracted from these studies and by random effect model, the overall pooled effect size (ES) was calculated. I2 statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity between studies. For publication bias, the Egger test was used.

Results:
Six reviews were included in our study, all with moderate quality. The overall sample size was 24631. The ES for standard mean differences of the studies is calculated as − 0.20 with a confidence interval of (−0.26, −0.14). The heterogeneity is found as 58.14%, indicating a moderate-to-substantial one. The Egger test shows publication bias.

Conclusion:
Our results show that technology-based interventions are effective. We propose more rigorous randomized controlled trials with different control groups to assess the effectiveness of these interventions.
E-cadherin Expression in Invasive Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Abdulrazaq Alaa Abdulqader 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
E-cadherin is an adhesion molecule that is frequently expressed in normal epithelial tissues. It is essential for many cellular processes, including organ formation, stratification, and epithelial polarization.

Objective:
This study examines E-cadherin expression for subclassifying invasive breast cancer. E-cadherin expression also decreased with age, histopathological type, grade, and stage.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study included 249 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery at a private facility in Baghdad, Iraq. The patients’ clinical data were analyzed, focusing on age, histopathological type, tumor grade, and tumor stage. Immunohistochemical and histopathological processing and staining were performed to evaluate E-cadherin status in the tumor cells.

Results:
Mean age of patients 47.92 ± 10.79 years, most age group 40–49 (35.7%), most histopathological type of breast cancer invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC; 81.1%), grade II (67.9%), and stage II (78.3%). Patients have +3 E-cadherin (79.5%). Grade III breast cancer patients have 98% +3 E-cadherin. E-cadherin is unrelated to age, histopathological type, or stage.

Conclusion:
Decreased E-cadherin expression in breast cancer is associated with higher tumor grade and estrogen receptor status. However, its significance as a prognostic or predictive marker is limited in IDC and special varieties. The study found no significant correlation between E-cadherin expression and age group, histopathological type, or breast cancer stage.