bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the Pink of Health or the Yellow of Condition? Chinese Workers, Colonial Medicine and the Journey to South Africa, 1904–1907
Authors: MacDonald Andrew 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article develops recent trans-national perspectives by considering Chinese indentured labor to South Africa (1904–1907), with a spatial focus on the port of Durban and the adjacent Indian Ocean. I examine the relationship of Chinese workers with medicine as a particular form of colonial authority. Far from being part of the notoriously unregulated exchanges of “coolie-labor” characterized by high mortality rates, the South African case is unusual in its extensive state and capital regulation in the healthy transport of workers. I consider the mediating role played by colonial doctors on board the vessels in managing the steamships as “floating compounds” closely allied to the imperatives of discipline-discipline. This article thus details quasi-medical efforts at control and management of miners in the shift to industrial capitalism, and assesses where these measures failed or encountered forms of resistance from the Chinese.
Chinese Migration and China's Foreign Policy in Africa
Authors: Ma Mung Emmanuel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSince the end of the 1990s, Africa has seen an increasing number of migrants of Chinese origin. It is possible to differentiate between three types of Chinese migration: a temporary labor migration flow linked to public building works and infrastructure projects undertaken by big Chinese enterprises; an entrepreneurial migration flow made up of merchants native to mainland China some of whom coming from the different diaspora communities; a proletarian transit migration flow consisting of people trying to sell their labor in western countries while waiting in Africa for opportunities to enter those countries. Over the same period, the foreign relations between China and Africa have expanded. There are roughly three elements in Chinese policy toward the continent: to gain access to natural resources such as oil and minerals, to widen China's export market and to strengthen China's diplomatic support for different international organizations. The objectives are to ensure the economic growth of the PRC and widen its political influence. This article aims to put in perspective the recent developments in Chinese migration and the orientations of China's foreign policy in Africa, and to re-address the question of relations between China and the Chinese overseas.
Junk Trade, Businesss Networks and Sojourning Communities: Hokkien Merchants in Early Maritime Asia
Authors: Chin James K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe people of south Fujian, better known as “Hokkiens,” have a long seafaring tradition. Isolated on the remote southeastern periphery of China, they cast their eyes on the territories beyond the sea as early as the 10th century. Sporadic records suggest that Hokkien merchants were actively engaged in trading at emporia ranging from Korea in the north to Sumatra in the south. With the development of maritime trade, they started to sojourn overseas, and some of them even stayed abroad for a very long period. Hokkien merchants were known for their commercial acumen and ability to adapt to different environments abroad. Nevertheless, they still frequently relied on various institutional mechanisms to protect or advance their commercial interests. Invariably they were very creative in establishing business institutions and forming different ethnic networks. Apart from developing a wide spectrum of networks in their daily business practice, they showed various cultural characteristics that differentiated them from other Chinese merchants. As the most daring entrepreneurial group in early modern Asia, Hokkien merchants performed quite well in early maritime Asia. But as a marginal trade group, their status in overseas society was always subordinate despite their commercial success. This article examines the early Hokkien commercial activities in a number of the major port polities of Asia, with a focus on the Hokkien sojourning communities in Korea, Kyushu, Taiwan and Manila, and their unique networks and culture.
The Hoa of Phu Quoc in Vietnam: Local Institutions, Education, and Studying Mandarin
Authors: Chew Chye Lay Grace 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis report gives an overview of the Hoa (Chinese) community and its institutions in Phu Quoc, Vietnam. In particular it describes the linguistic landscape of the Hainanese, why the Hainanese language is maintained and the promotion of Mandarin has been difficult. The redevelopment of Chinese institutions, principally, the mutual aid association and the huiguan, helps to provide opportunities to maintain certain linguistic practices. However, without a linguistic market, the preservation of the Chinese school and the learning of Mandarin have not been easy.
The Chinatown in Peru and the Changing Peruvian Chinese Community(ies)1
Authors: Lausent-Herrera Isabelle 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Chinese quarter established in Lima shortly after the arrival in 1849 of Chinese indentured laborers, mainly from the Guangdong province, has gone through significant changes during its long history. Perhaps the more significant of these have occurred since the last two decades with a new influx of Chinese immigrants mostly of Fujian origin. Instead of reinforcing the Chinese community the coexistence of the old and new Chinese has led to fragmentation, competition and increasing social tension in the Chinese community in Peru, not least in redefining the Huiguan’s role. Competition has intensified not only in terms of pricing but also looking for commercial space (stores and warehouses). Wholesale importers of Chinese manufactured goods, restaurateurs, hoteliers and spa managers have extended their businesses beyond the old limits of Lima’s Chinatown. Does this spell the end of Chinatown or the beginning of multiple Chinese quarters?
Ikebukuro Chinatown in Tokyo: The First “New Chinatown” in Japan
Authors: Kiyomi Yamashita 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to clarify the circumstances in the process of formation of the first new Chinatown in Japan situated in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, comparing it with the Three Big Chinatowns of Yokohama, Kobe and Nagasaki known as old Chinatowns. For this purpose, the increase in the number of Chinese newcomers in Japan is examined first. This is followed by an analysis of the development of ethnic businesses run by the Chinese newcomers and their relationship with the local Japanese community i.e. the host society. Ikebukuro Chinatown serves as a test case for problems relating to the presence of foreign residents in Japan and the extent to which they can be overcome.
Fuzhou Chinese Speech Group and Associations: Online Debates over the Landmarks of Manhattan Chinatown after 9/11
Authors: Chiu Ann Shu-ju 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
After the terrorist attack of 11 September 2001, both the Cantonese and Fujianese immigrants in New York City’s Manhattan Chinatown felt the need for the reconstruction of their communities. Fuzhou migrants put up their hometown website, Fujianese.com, when the City Government provided a relief fund and initiated certain projects for the rebirth of Chinatown. Discussions relating to the shaping of the webscape and landscape can be gleaned from their online debates over the cultural landmarks of Manhattan Chinatown built with the 9/11 funding. In analyzing Fujianese.com, we find a sub-ethnic awareness emerging from among the Fuzhou migrants concerned about their community participation in the host society. This website has nurtured a sub-ethnic sentiment and strengthened the identity of its members. The online discourses are important sources of information for studying the issue of dialect grouping and territorial association.
Bibliografie van vroeg negentiende-eeuwse Nederlandse kunstkritieken
Authors: Koolhaas-Grosfeld Eveline , Ouwerkerk Annemiek 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe organized presentation of contemporary art to a wide public began in the Netherlands in the French period and after the French model, with the first public exhibition of work by living masters in 1808. Regular exhibitions of the same type followed, at first held biennially in Amsterdam and The Hague alternately and after 1820 in other towns as well. Art criticism began to be published around the same time, mostly in magazines of a literary character. The bibliography given here covers the period from c. 1800 to 1840, when the first specialized art periodicals began and the criticism thus becomes more accessible. It includes reviews of exhibitions in the Southern Netherlands up to 1830- I. Part I comprises a chronological list of catalogues and reviews of the exhibitions of works by living masters, plus any additional comments on them, Part II an alphabetical list of the periodicals covered. The bibliography has been made as wide in scope as possible, but lays no claim to completeness. It does not include announcements and programmes of exhibitions as these were invariably published in the Algemeene konst- en letterbode.
Over de betekenis van het werk van Jan van Scorel omstreeks 1530 voor oudere en jongere tijdgenoten (2)
Authors: Bruyn J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Portrait of a 42 year-old Man in the Von Wied Collection (Fig. 2, Notes 3 and 5) has repeatedly been associated with Maerten van Heemskerck's Portrait of a 34 year-old Man (traditionally identified as Pieter Bicker) in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Fig. I, Notes 1 and 2) and attributed to the same artist. However, in view of the inconsistencies and weaknesses in the former, the undeniable similarities that exist between the two pictures should be interpreted as evidence that this painting was based on the one in Amsterdam and was done by an imitator of Heemskerck. A small number o f other works, known in the original or from copies, may be attributed to the same hand, mainly on the basis of a peculiar deformity that mars the depiction of the hands (Fig. 3-6). One of them is a portrait (known from two copies, Figs. 5 and 6) of a member of a prominent family in Alkmaar which leads one to think that the artist was active in that city. The predominance of Heemskerck's influence over that of Jan van Scorel, as seen in the work of the Pseudo-Heemskerck, appears to illustrate a certain amount of competition between Jan van Scorel and his assistant and junior by a few years, Maerten van Heemskerck. It lends credibility to Carel van Mander's story (in his biography of Heemskerck) according to which Scorel allowed Heemskerck to leave his workshop because he was jealous of the latter's success.
De St. Lucasgilden van Haarlem en Delft in de zestiende eeuw
Authors: Miedema Hessel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn preparing his Artists and Artisans in Delft, an important contribution to a better understanding of the social and economic circumstances of the members of the Guild of St. Luke in the seventeenth century, John M. Montias had at his disposal Pro fessor J. L. van der Gouw's transcription of the Delft account book recently acquired by the Municipal Archives there (Note 1). However, he did not discuss it in detail, as it dales from the mid sixteenth century. Thus it seems appropriate to publish it here (with an index of proper names) and to analyse it more closely in conjunction with a Haarlem account book of the same period (Note 2) and various other guild documents. In that analysis the emphasis will lie on the funclion of the guilds and the functions of their members in the guild context.
The Future's Live, the Future's Digital
Authors: Horne Alastair 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper explores how publishers might mitigate a fall in revenues caused by the rise in ebook sales and the associated decline in book prices. By ending their historical reliance on selling single formats to undifferentiated classes of consumer (the 'one-size-fits-all' model), and instead producing formats tailored to specific types of customer, at different price points, might publishers maintain revenues? Lessons drawn from the experiences of the music industry suggest that live events such as literary festivals and author tours might have a key part to play in new business models; they might also offer a cost-effective means of generating enhanced content to add value to premium products.
The Pace of Ebook Development in China
Authors: Chenglin Lin , Xuehai Ma , Sanguo Cheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper bases its argument on a 'Three Worlds' theory of e-book development. The theory believes that in terms of developmental paths, it is important to understand the worlds of ebook 1.0(e-format of paper book), 2.0(digital-only) and 3.0(enhanced ebook), in which 1.0 represents very much the transformation of traditional print book publishing. That one follows another, a trend as shown and proven in the US and some other markets, is seemingly obvious and inevitable. However, China has a unique situation, in which ebook 2.0 is the first to develop and 1.0 yet to take off. It may also be the case that ebook 3.0 comes ahead of 1.0. There is certainly much to do for Chinese traditional publishing in the development of ebook 1.0, or one may see a completely reversed order or pace of development.
Publishing and the Social Web Report from the Second Semantico Online Publishing Symposium, London, November 2011
Authors: Helmer John 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis report from a symposium held in London by digital publishing company Semantico found that change brought about by the social web might vary in pace across different publishing sectors, but that all publishers have some common issues. Chief among these is the danger that they get shut out of the conversation as the communities that naturally form around authors and subject areas transfer online, and their traditional status is challenged by the new phenomenon of mass curation. The answer is to put innovation at the centre of the business; focusing it on core specialisms, and avoiding indulging in a 'me-too' adoption of the latest trend.
An update of the types of Heteroptera (Hemiptera) housed at the Museo de La Plata Entomological Collection (Argentina)
Authors: MONTEMAYOR SARA ITZEL , DELLAPÉ PABLO MATÍAS 
Published: January 2013

We present a list of the type material of Heteroptera deposited in the entomological collection of the Museo de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) in the last six years and or, not included in previous catalogs. This catalog includes 244 specimens belonging to 43 holotypes, one neotype, and 200 paratypes. The type material examined belongs to 50 species from 43 genera distributed in 16 families: Schizopteridae, Hydrometridae, Naucoridae, Thaumastocoridae, Miridae, Tingidae, Vianaididae, Reduviidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae, Largidae , Berytidae, Blissidae, Lygaeidae, Oxycarenidae, and Rhyparochromidae.
Preimaginal morphology of the genera Salpingogaster Schiner, 1868 and Eosalpingogaster Hull, 1949 (Diptera: Syrphidae), with its systematic implications
Authors: PÉREZ-BAÑÓN CELESTE , ARCAYA EVELIN , MENGUAL XIMO , ROJO SANTOS 
Published: January 2013

The puparium of Salpingogaster nigra and Eosalpingogaster umbra are described, and diagnosis and illustrations are provided. The morphology of immature stages of the genera Salpingogaster and Eosalpingogaster are studied and compared for the first time. The results are in agreement with previous molecular analyses that recognise both genera as valid. We found two different puparium morphotypes for E. umbra and discuss the improbability of immature sexual dimorphism in this species. An identification key is also provided for all species with known puparia.
The Brachyura described by Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing and a listing of Stebbing’s South African Crustacea for the Marine Investigations in South Africa (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y. , NG PETER K. L. 
Published: January 2013

The Reverend Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing (b. 6 February 1835, d. 8 July 1926) is best known for his work on amphipod systematics (see Calman 1926, 1927; Mills 1976). Stebbing, however, also contributed significantly to the study of decapod crustaceans of South Africa in the 12-part South African Crustacea for the Marine Investigations in South Africa (Table 1). In 15 publications (Stebbing 1902, 1904, 1905a, b, 1908, 1910, 1914a, 1917b, 1918, 1920a, b, 1921a, b, 1923, 1924), Stebbing established seven genus- (four currently considered to be valid) and 29 (18 currently considered to be valid) species-group names for Brachyura (Table 2). The two family-group names proposed by Stebbing (1902, 1905a) are now junior synonyms. Three names: Dotilla clepsydra Stebbing, 1917 (= Dotilla fenestrata Hilgendorf, 1869, Dotillidae), Epialtus vetchi Stebbing, 1920 (= Elamena mathoei (Desmarest, 1823), Hymenosomatidae), and Mamaia queketti Stebbing, 1908 (= Maja capensis Ortmann, 1894, Majidae), were not treated in the world brachyuran checklist of Ng et al. (2008) (see notes accompanying Table 2).
Evolution of the Lorenz Energy Cycle in the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the South American Sector of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Da Silva Ligia A. , Satyamurty Prakki 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the South American sector of the Atlantic Ocean is identified using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data in order to investigate the evolution of the Lorenz energy cycle in the region dominated by this large-scale feature. The NCEP reanalysis data are utilized to calculate the zonal and eddy components (denoted by Z and E, respectively) of kinetic energy K and available potential energy A (i.e., KZ, KE, AZ, and AE) and their conversions, on a daily basis. A wavelet decomposition of the time series is performed to detect long-term cycles/trends in the Atlantic ITCZ region. This work also investigates trends in sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) in the ITCZ region and connections between the ITCZ and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). A strong annual cycle in all the energy components with high peaks in austral summer is observed. Approximately 91% of the zonal component of energy is contained on decadal or longer time scales. The annual and semiannual variabilities are significant and the synoptic-scale variability is also present. The zonal component of kinetic energy KZ presents a decreasing trend during the last 28 years, which means a weakening of trade winds in the region studied. The values of KZ and AE are significantly higher during the period 1982/83, indicating that the intense El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and/or the El Chichón eruption may have affected the circulation in the ITCZ region. The 28-yr mean energy conversion and generation terms are in general weaker than in the hemispheric calculations but the energy conversions proceed in the same sense as in the hemispheric situation.
State of the e-mental health field in Australia: Where are we now?
Authors: Christensen Helen , Petrie Katherine 
Published: January 2013

Objective: E-mental health technologies are increasing rapidly, both in number and in utilisation by consumers, health systems and researchers. This review aimed to: (i) examine the features and scientific evidence for e-mental health programs; (ii) describe the growth in these programs in the past decade, and track the extent and quality of scientific research over time; and (iii) examine Australian and international contribution to the field. Method: Two types of e-mental health programs; ‘web interventions’ and mobile applications’; targeting depression, bipolar disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder and general stress were included. Data were collected from the Beacon website ( www.beacon.anu.edu.au ; last updated July 2011). Features of each program and their supporting scientific evidence were coded. Results: In total, 62 web interventions and 11 mobile applications were identified. Half of these were developed in Australia. The majority of programs were aimed towards adults and were based upon cognitive behavioural therapy. Approximately equal numbers of programs were developed for all targeted disorders except bipolar disorder, which was underrepresented. Only 35.5% of programs, all of which were web-based, had been evaluated by at least one RCT. The number of publications over the last decade is increasing. The majority were from Australian sources. Non-Australian research was lower in diversity and quantity. Conclusions: E-mental health research is increasing globally. Australia continues to be an international leader in this field. Depression, anxiety and panic disorder remain the disorders most targeted. Whilst the scientific evidence supporting e-mental health programs is growing, a substantial lack of high-quality empirical support was evident across the field, particularly for mobile applications and bipolar and social anxiety.
End-of-life decisions for people with intellectual disabilities, an interview study with patient representatives
Authors: Wagemans Annemieke MA , Van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk Henny MJ , Proot Ireen M , Metsemakers Job , Tuffrey-Wijne Irene , Curfs Leopold MG 
Published: January 2013

Background: Not much is known about the process of end-of-life decision-making for people with intellectual disabilities. Aim: To clarify the process of end-of-life decision-making for people with intellectual disabilities from the perspective of patient representatives. Design: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Grounded Theory procedures. Participants: We interviewed 16 patient representatives after the deaths of 10 people with intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands. Results: The core category ‘Deciding for someone else’ describes the context in which patient representatives took end-of-life decisions. The patient representatives felt highly responsible for the outcomes. They had not involved the patients in the end-of-life decision-making process, nor any professionals other than the doctor. The categories of ‘Motives’ and ‘Support’ were connected to the core category of ‘Deciding for someone else’. ‘Motives’ refers to the patient representatives’ ideas about quality of life, prevention from suffering, patients who cannot understand the burden of interventions and emotional reasons reported by patient representatives. ‘Support’ refers to the support that patient representatives wanted the doctors to give to them in the decision-making process. Conclusions: From the perspective of the patient representatives, the process of end-of-life decision-making can be improved by ensuring clear roles and an explicit description of the tasks and responsibilities of all participants. Regular discussion between everyone involved including people with intellectual disabilities themselves can improve knowledge about each other’s motives for end-of-decisions and can clarify expectations towards each other.