bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-line optical monitoring of oxygen saturation and hematocrit for cardiopulmonary bypass: Adjustment-free and bloodless calibration
Authors: Netz Uwe J. , Friebel Moritz , Helfmann Jürgen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and objective:This article describes a new sensor for monitoring oxygen saturation (sOMaterials and methods:The optical sensor presented here uses near-infrared spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy. The primary calibration model for a master sensor is derived from the measurement of circulating human blood from a number of different patients with references taken from standard laboratory analysis of blood parameters. Transfer of the calibration model from the master sensor to new sensors is performed by measurement of an optical standard made of artificial material with defined and controlled optical properties.Results:The predicted values of sOConclusion:A new sensor with high degree of accuracy for sO
Preparation, purification and primary bioevaluation of radioiodinated ofloxacin: an imaging agent
Authors: Kandil Shaban , Seddik Usama , El-Tabl Abdou , Hussien Hiba , Shaltot Mohamed 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The broad-spectrum antibiotic agents have been demonstrated as
promising diagnostic tools for early detection of infectious
lesions. We set out ofloxacin (Oflo), a second-generation
fluoroquinolone, for the radioiodination process. In particular, this
was carried out with 125I via an electrophilic
substitution reaction. The radiochemical yield was influenced by
different factors; drug concentration, different oxidizing agents,
e.g. chloramine-T, iodogen and n-bromosuccinimide, pH of medium,
reaction time, temperature and different organic media. These
parameters were studied to optimize the best conditions for labeling
with ofloxacin. We found that radiolabeling in ethanol medium showed
a 70% radiochemical yield of 125I-ofloxacin. The
radioiodination was determined by means of TLC and HPLC. The cold
labeled Oflo (127I-Oflo) was prepared and controlled by
HPLC. The cold labeled Oflo was also confirmed by NMR and MS
techniques. Furthermore, biodistribution studies for labeled
125I-Oflo were examined in two independent groups
(3 mice in each one); control and E. Coli-injected
(inflamed). The radiotracer showed a good localization in muscle of
thigh for inflamed group as compared to control. In conclusion,
ofloxacine might be a promising target as an anti-inflammatory imaging
agent.
Role of Toll-like receptor/MYD88 signaling in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Xiang Wang , Chao Zhang-Yong , Feng Du-Yi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune proteins, and the activation of the TLRs results in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines that are essential to the identification and clearance of invading pathogens. TLR signaling occurs through adaptor proteins, most commonly myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (
Spinal cord injury: overview of experimental approaches used to restore locomotor activity
Authors: Fakhoury Marc 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Spinal cord injury affects more than 2.5 million people worldwide and can lead to paraplegia and quadriplegia. Anatomical discontinuity in the spinal cord results in disruption of the impulse conduction that causes temporary or permanent changes in the cord’s normal functions. Although axonal regeneration is limited, damage to the spinal cord is often accompanied by spontaneous plasticity and axon regeneration that help improve sensory and motor skills. The recovery process depends mainly on synaptic plasticity in the preexisting circuits and on the formation of new pathways through collateral sprouting into neighboring denervated territories. However, spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury can go on for several years, and the degree of recovery is very limited. Therefore, the development of new approaches that could accelerate the gain of motor function is of high priority to patients with damaged spinal cord. Although there are no fully restorative treatments for spinal injury, various rehabilitative approaches have been tested in animal models and have reached clinical trials. In this paper, a closer look will be given at the potential therapies that could facilitate axonal regeneration and improve locomotor recovery after injury to the spinal cord. This article highlights the application of several interventions including locomotor training, molecular and cellular treatments, and spinal cord stimulation in the field of rehabilitation research. Studies investigating therapeutic approaches in both animal models and individuals with injured spinal cords will be presented.
Effect of thermal exposure on the microstructure of the interface in a Grf/Al composite
Authors: Wang Pingping , Chen Guoqin , Jiang Longtao , Li Daguang , Wu Gaohui 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The microstructure of the interface in a Grf/Al composite after exposure at high temperature was investigated. The graphite fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite was prepared by the pressure infiltration method. After being heat treated at 550°C, 600°C and 640°C for different times, the microstructure of the interface in the composite was studied by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the content of Al4C3 in the interface was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that not only the micro morphology but also the content of Al4C3 in the interface varied with the increase in temperature. When the composite was heat treated at 550°C and 600°C, Al4C3 with a big length-to-diameter ratio was observed in the interface, while Al4C3 with a small length-to-diameter ratio was found when the heat treatment temperature was 640°C. With the increase in the time, the content of Al4C3 in the interface increased rapidly when the composite was heat treated at 640°C. Based on the dynamic calculation, the interface reaction diffusion rate constant of the Grf/Al composite increases rapidly when the temperature is higher than 600°C.
Campaign-Personalization and Constituency Focus in a Mixed-Member Electoral System. The Case of Hungary
Authors: Papp Zsófia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to uncover the micro-factors structuring campaign personalization in the case of Hungarian Members of Parliament. It is presumed that in a party-centred environment, the effects of the various independent characteristics are filtered by the parties. Thus, due to the electoral rules, personalization cannot contradict party centeredness. Representatives do not wish to distance themselves from their parties. Personalization is more of the result of the positions they hold or wish to fill in than the desire to defy party lines out of individualistic motivations. Based on the data from the 2010 MP-survey of the Hungarian Election Study, the article unveils the circumstances under which campaign personalization prevails. The international scholarly literature sets several hypotheses with regards to the factors influencing three dimensions of campaign personalization (norms, means and agenda), out of which several will be tested in this article. The analysis concludes that even under party-centred circumstances, the role of individual motivations and habits cannot be overlooked in defining the degree of personalization, nevertheless the interpretation of such effects requires caution.
Critical Analysis of Civil Service Politicization in Slovenia
Authors: Čehovin Marko , Haček Miro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEven though some level of politicization is pressed into the “genetic material” of administrative systems, the majority of experts agree that a system with high levels of politicization is less efficient, as most individuals do not have the chance to develop their full potential. The weaknesses of politicization are even more devastating in smaller states such as Slovenia, as they have a limited amount of human resources available. Based on a detailed analysis of the politicization of civil service in Slovenia, the authors can confirm that the level of politicization is quite high. After accession into the European Union (2004) and the adoption of austerity laws (2010–2013), politicization increased even further. Despite the formal existence of a meritocratic civil service system, politicians have an increasingly decisive role in the employment and advancement of civil servants, and total control over the appointment and dismissal of senior civil servants. The authors conclude that the predominance of politicians with relationships to senior civil servants can be changed with relatively simple adjustments to formal acts.
Solving surface and embedded structures without Fourier inversion: a 2-dimensional direct space approach
Authors: Kirfel Armin , Fischer Karl 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Two-dimensional equal atom structures or structure projections are determined applying the parameter space concept, either directly or supported by coordinate indications obtained from one or two separate runs on 1-d projection(s). By-passing the “phase problem” a grid-search based trial and error technique is used for optimizing model vs. experimental quasi-normalized structure amplitudes (or intensities) of a small number of reflections. The concept can also be applied to multi-wavelengths X-ray data exhibiting resonant scattering contrasts as well as to neutron data from structures including elements with differing signs of scattering powers. Unique results (or all possible combinations of atom sites meeting the data) are obtained from rather few reflections. They provide remarkable spatial resolution, but much more computing power is needed than for standard techniques. Considering the numbers of test models to be checked as a relative measure of computing time the computational efforts for different solution options and increasing numbers of independent atoms are assessed. In the examples given for symmetry
p1
, where one atom defines the origin, up to 8 additional atoms were located within Δ(x, y) ≤ 0.025 from, e.g., 12 reflections with randomly generated maximum relative intensity errors of up to 20 %. All calculations were carried out with a standard PC.
Crystal chemical models for the cancrinite-sodalite supergroup: the structure of a new 18-layer phase
Authors: Bonaccorsi Elena , Nazzareni Sabrina 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The framework of the minerals belonging to the cancrinite-sodalite supergroup is very flexible and adapts itself to a wide range contents of extra-framework anions, giving rise to complex structures with different stacking sequences of layers that contain six-membered rings of tetrahedra. The knowledge of the crystal chemistry of these minerals was the key for the structure solution of a new phase showing a sequence with 18 layers. Geometrical and chemical constraints were imposed to the positions of the six-member rings so limiting the number of possible non-equivalent sequences of the 18 layers. The more probable sequences were single out on the basis of the chemical data and used as starting model vs. single crystal X-ray intensity data. The new 18-layer phase, ideal chemical formula (Na, K, Ca)72(Si54Al54O216)(SO4)16(Cl, H2O)8, Z = 1, space group P3, a = 12.904(2) Å, c = 47.802(4) Å, displays a stacking sequence ABCABACACABABACABC, Zdhanov symbol (8)211(2)112. The examined crystal was found in the sample MMUR (Museo di Mineralogia dell’Università di Roma “La Sapienza”) 24320, associated with sacrofanite, which is the 28-layer member of the supergroup. The sample was collected at Sacrofano, (Latium, Italy) in a volcanic ejected block, which originated from a pneumatolitic-pyroclastic explosion.
Synthesis, molecular and supramolecular structure of a new dinuclear aluminium(III) complex derived from 3-aminopyrazine- 2-carboxylic acid
Authors: Hazra Susanta , Karmakar Anirban 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Solvothermal reaction of aluminum(III) nitrate nonahydrate with 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (HL) gave rise to a bis(μ2-hydroxo)-tetrakis(3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylato)-dialuminium(III) complex [Al(L)2(OH)]2 (1) (L = 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate). Crystal structure analysis reveals that each hexacoordinated Al(III) centre adopts a distorted octahedral geometry occupied by two Ocarboxylate, two Npyrazine and two Ohydroxo atoms. The L– ligand binds the metal cation by means of one pyrazine N-atom and carboxylate O-atoms via chelating fashion. Two hydroxo groups bridge between two aluminum(III) centres, assisting to construct a dinuclear structure. In the crystal lattice of 1 two symmetry non-equivalent dinuclear complexes are present. A 3D supramolecular associate in the crystal lattice of 1 has been stabilized by a number of non-covalent H-bonding interactions. Topology of the hydrogen bonded network has been also analyzed.
In vitro cytotoxicity of hydrazones, pyrazoles, pyrazolo-pyrimidines, and pyrazolo-pyridine synthesized from 6-substituted 3-formylchromones
Authors: Galarraga Elier , Urdaneta Neudo , Gutierrez Keily J. , Herrera Julio C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Pyrazoles 4a–f, hydrazones 5a–c and 6a–c, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 7a, b, and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 8 were prepared in good yields (80–95 %) from the reaction of 6-substituted (H, Me, F) 3-formylchromones 1a–c with N-substituted hydrazines 2a–c and aminopyrazole 3. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was assessed through the brine shrimp lethality assay. IC50 values were between 80 and 300 μm. Fluorine substitution decreased IC50 values.
Outcomes and Costs of Surgical Treatments of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Stey Anne , Barnert Elizabeth S. , Tseng Chi-Hong , Keeler Emmett , Needleman Jack , Leng Mei , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I. , Shew Stephen B. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Despite previous studies demonstrating no difference in mortality or morbidity, the various surgical approaches for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants have not been evaluated economically. Our goal was to compare total in-hospital cost and mortality by using propensity score–matched infants treated with peritoneal drainage alone, peritoneal drainage followed by laparotomy, or laparotomy alone for surgical NEC.

METHODS:
Utilizing the California OSHPD Linked Birth File Dataset, 1375 infants with surgical NEC between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively propensity score matched according to intervention type. Total in-hospital costs were converted from longitudinal patient charges. A multivariate mixed effects model compared adjusted costs and mortality between groups.

RESULTS:
Successful propensity score matching was performed with 699 infants (peritoneal drainage, n = 101; peritoneal drainage followed by laparotomy, n = 172; and laparotomy, n = 426). Average adjusted cost for peritoneal drainage followed by laparotomy was $398 173 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 287 784–550 907), which was more than for peritoneal drainage ($276 076 [95% CI: 196 238–388 394]; P = .004) and similar to laparotomy ($341 911 [95% CI: 251 304–465 186]; P = .08). Adjusted mortality was highest after peritoneal drainage (56% [95% CI: 34–75]) versus peritoneal drainage followed by laparotomy (35% [95% CI: 19–56]; P = .01) and laparotomy (29% [95% CI: 19–56]; P &lt; .001). Mortality for peritoneal drainage was similar to laparotomy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Propensity score–matched analysis of surgical NEC treatment found that peritoneal drainage followed by laparotomy was associated with decreased mortality compared with peritoneal drainage alone but at significantly increased costs.
Parents’ Daily Time With Their Children: A Workplace Intervention
Authors: Davis Kelly D. , Lawson Katie M. , Almeida David M. , Kelly Erin L. , King Rosalind B. , Hammer Leslie , Casper Lynne M. , Okechukwu Cassandra A. , Hanson Ginger , McHale Susan M. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVES:
In the context of a group randomized field trial, we evaluated whether parents who participated in a workplace intervention, designed to increase supervisor support for personal and family life and schedule control, reported significantly more daily time with their children at the 12-month follow-up compared with parents assigned to the Usual Practice group. We also tested whether the intervention effect was moderated by parent gender, child gender, or child age.

METHODS:
The Support-Transform-Achieve-Results Intervention was delivered in an information technology division of a US Fortune 500 company. Participants included 93 parents (45% mothers) of a randomly selected focal child aged 9 to 17 years (49% daughters) who completed daily telephone diaries at baseline and 12 months after intervention. During evening telephone calls on 8 consecutive days, parents reported how much time they spent with their child that day.

RESULTS:
Parents in the intervention group exhibited a significant increase in parent-child shared time, 39 minutes per day on average, between baseline and the 12-month follow-up. By contrast, parents in the Usual Practice group averaged 24 fewer minutes with their child per day at the 12-month follow-up. Intervention effects were evident for mothers but not for fathers and for daughters but not sons.

CONCLUSIONS:
The hypothesis that the intervention would improve parents’ daily time with their children was supported. Future studies should examine how redesigning work can change the quality of parent-child interactions and activities known to be important for youth health and development.
Breastfeeding Assessment Score: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Raskovalova Tatiana , Teasley Susan L. , Gelbert-Baudino Nathalie , Mauri Paola Agnese , Schelstraete Camille , Massoutier Maximillien , Berger Marc , François Patrice , Labarère José 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have revealed conflicting results for the Breastfeeding Assessment Score (BAS) in predicting early breastfeeding cessation. Our objective was to externally validate the BAS and provide summary accuracy estimates for this clinical prediction model.METHODS:We used the original data from a prospective cohort study. Additional studies were identified by searching electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane) from 2002 to 2013 and contacting research groups that had derived or validated the BAS. Prospective cohort studies were eligible if the BAS was computed at baseline and mothers were followed up for breastfeeding cessation. Two physicians extracted relevant information and independently assessed the methodological quality for the included studies.RESULTS:In the external validation cohort, 22 of 424 mothers (5.2%) discontinued breastfeeding within 14 days of infant age. The BAS predicted early breastfeeding cessation with an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65 to 0.74) and inadequate calibration. When restricting the meta-analysis to 3169 mother–infant pairs enrolled in 4 higher-quality studies, a BAS value &lt;8 predicted early cessation with 0.80 sensitivity (95% CI: 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.51 specificity (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.70) summary estimates.CONCLUSIONS:Substantial between-study heterogeneity limited the interpretation of summary accuracy estimates. The BAS predicts early breastfeeding cessation with moderate accuracy, although local recalibration is advised before implementation. Further study is warranted to determine whether the BAS can help pediatricians in identifying mother–infant pairs that may benefit from more extensive breastfeeding assessment and support.
Diversity of Monogenoidea parasitizing scombrid fishes from Rio de Janeiro coast, Brazil
Authors: Justo Marcia C. N. , Kohn Anna 
Published: April 2015

Eleven known species of Monogenoidea were found parasitizing six different species of scombrid fishes collected from Rio de Janeiro coast, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Capsala biparasitica, Capsala katsuwoni, Capsala notosinense, Nasicola brasiliensis, Nasicola klawei, Allopseudaxinoides euthynni, Sibitrema poonui, Hexostoma albsmithi, Hexostoma euthynni, Hexostoma keokeo and Hexostoma sibi. Katsuwonus pelamis is reported as a new host to A. euthynni and Thunnus obesus to H. albsmithi. Capsala notosinense, A. euthynni, H. albsmithi and H. sibi are referred for the first time in Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Morphological and morphometric features are presented for each species.
Optical Phonon Modes and Electron-optical Phonon Interaction in Core-shell Semiconductor Quantum Wires
Authors: Dat Nguyen Nhu , Hai Le Thanh 
Published: April 2015

Within the framework of the macroscopic dielectric continuum model the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes are derived for a cylindrical semiconductor quantum wire made of semiconductor 1 (well material) embedded in another finite semiconductor 2 (barrier material). The phonon states of modes are given by solving the generalized Born-Huang equation. It is shown that there may exist four types of longitudinal optical phonon modes according to the concrete materials forming the wire. The dispersion equations for phonon frequencies with wave-vector components parallel to the wire are obtained. After having quantized the phonon field we derive the Fröhlich Hamiltonian describing the electron--LO-phonon interaction. The influence of the thickness of the barrier layer as well as the thin metallic shell on the phonon frequencies and their interaction with electrons is studied.
Sensitivity Limit of The VATLY Radio Telescope: Observing the Moon
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi , Thao Nguyen Thi , Darriulat Pierre , Diep Pham Ngoc , Hoai Do Thi , Nhung Pham Tuyet , Anh Pham Tuan 
Published: April 2015

The Moon has been observed using the VATLY radio telescope at frequencies of 1420.4and 1417.6 MHz in order to study the behaviour of the instrument in a domain of ux densityclose to the limit of its sensitivity. Drift scans have revealed a Moon ux density of 0:83 0:16kJy corresponding to a Moon black body temperature of 207 40 K. From these results, a limitsensitivity of 300 Jy has been inferred in agreement with earlier coarser estimates.
The Study of Isomeric Ratios in Photonuclear Reactions Forming High Spin Isomers in the Giant Dipole Resonance Region
Authors: Thiep Tran Duc , An Truong Thi , Cuong Phan Viet , Vinh Nguyen The , Hue Bui Minh , Belov A. G. , Maslov O. D. 
Published: April 2015

We studied the isomeric ratios in odd-odd nuclei \(^{196}\)Au,\(^{182}\)Ta and \(^{194}\)Ir with high spin isomeric states produced in \(^{197}\)Au\((\gamma, n)\) \(^{196m,g}\)Au, \(^{183}\)W\((\gamma, p)\) \(^{182m,g}\)Ta and \(^{185}\)Pt\((\gamma, p)\)\(^{194m,g}\)Ir reactions by using the activation technique and \(\gamma\)-ray spectroscopic method in the giant dipole resonance (GDR) region. The high-purity natural Au, W and Pt foils in disc shape were irradiated with bremsstrahlungs generated from an electron accelerator Microtron. The irradiated foils were measured by the high resolution \(\gamma\)-ray spectroscopic system which consists of a Ge(HP) detector and a multichannel analyzer. In order to improve the accuracy of the experimental results, necessary corrections were made in the \(\gamma\)-ray activity measurements and data analysis. The results were analyzed, discussed and compared with those of other authors as well as with theoretical model calculations. The study shows that the isomeric ratios in nuclei with high spin isomeric states are much lower than that in low spin isomeric state isomers.