bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of block and event‐related experimental designs in diffusion‐weighted functional MRI
Authors: Williams Rebecca J. , McMahon Katie L. , Hocking Julia , Reutens David C. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo compare diffusion‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging (DfMRI), a novel alternative to the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast, in a functional MRI experiment.Materials and MethodsNine participants viewed contrast reversing (7.5 Hz) black‐and‐white checkerboard stimuli using block and event‐related paradigms. DfMRI (b = 1800 mm/s2) and BOLD sequences were acquired. Four parameters describing the observed signal were assessed: percent signal change, spatial extent of the activation, the Euclidean distance between peak voxel locations, and the time‐to‐peak of the best fitting impulse response for different paradigms and sequences.ResultsThe BOLD conditions showed a higher percent signal change relative to DfMRI; however, event‐related DfMRI showed the strongest group activation (t = 21.23, P < 0.0005). Activation was more diffuse and spatially closer to the BOLD response for DfMRI when the block design was used. DfMRIevent showed the shortest TTP (4.4 ± 0.88 sec).ConclusionThe hemodynamic contribution to DfMRI may increase with the use of block designs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:367–375. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sural mononeuropathy: A report of 36 cases
Authors: Yuebing Li , Lederman Richard J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Isolated sural mononeuropathy is rare and frequently constitutes a diagnostic challenge. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective study of sural neuropathy at a single electrodiagnostic center. Results: Our study included 36 patients with sural neuropathy, the largest sample so far reported. Non‐surgical, non‐traumatic etiologies account for 50% of the cases, including 7 patients with inflammatory or vasculitic conditions. Routine sural conduction study was positive in 34 of 36 patients, whereas a distal recording method was used to verify the diagnosis of sural mononeuropathy in 2 patients. Most (58%) patients did not require specific treatment, but persistent sensory symptoms were seen in a minority of cases. Sural nerve biopsy in 1 patient helped diagnostic and treatment planning. Conclusions: Sural mononeuropathy has distinct etiologic, clinical, and electrophysiological features. Recognition can be beneficial in treating patients with sensory symptoms involving the distal lower extremity. Muscle Nerve 49:443–445, 2014
The fixed charge problem
Authors: Hirsch Warren M. , Dantzig George B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA fundamental unsolved problem in the programming area is one in which various activities have fixed charges (e.g., set‐up time charges) if operating at a positive level. Properties of a general solution to this type problem are discussed in this paper. Under special circumstances it is shown that a fixed charge problem can be reduced to an ordinary linear programming problem.
An inventory problem with obsolescence
Authors: Pierskalla William P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA stochastic single product convex cost inventory problem is considered in which there is a probability, πj, that the product will become obsolete in the future period j. In an interesting paper, Barankin and Denny essentially formulate the model, but do not describe some of its interesting and relevant ramifications. This paper is written not only to bring out some of these ramifications, but also to describe some computational results using this model. The computational results show that if obsolescence is a distinct possibility in the near future, it is quite important that the probabilities of obsolescence be incorporated into the model before computing the optimal policies.
POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THREE SPECIES OF CO‐DISTRIBUTED SALMONID FISHES IN THE PEACE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES NEAR A MAJOR PROPOSED HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA
Authors: Taylor E. B. , Yau M. M. , Mattock A. B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDam construction and reservoir formation represent profound anthropogenic alterations to natural riverscapes, especially in terms of connectivity in migratory fishes. The Peace River in northeastern British Columbia (BC), Canada, is the largest river system in BC, home to 39 native fishes and currently has two major hydroelectric projects, and a third one (‘Site C’) is proposed. Three co‐distributed and migratory fishes, the bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and the mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) are key species in the Peace River ecologically and in terms of recreational fisheries. We examined microsatellite DNA variation in these species to assess genetic diversity, levels of population subdivision and connectivity to better understand potential impacts and to provide baseline information for subsequent monitoring. Expected heterozygosity and number of alleles averaged 0.65 and 7.7, 0.73 and 11.9, and 0.72 and 10.8 for bull trout (nine loci), Arctic grayling (10 loci) and mountain whitefish (10 loci), respectively. Estimates of the effective number of breeders (Nb) ranged from 35 to 255 for bull trout to over 3700 for Arctic grayling. Population subdivision (FST, θ) was 0.040, 0.063 and 0.023 in bull trout, Arctic grayling and mountain whitefish, respectively (all p &#60; 0.001). Temporal differences within localities for all species accounted for &#60;1% of total variation in allele frequencies. An estimated 6.2% (mountain whitefish), 4.6% (bull trout) and 8.8% (Arctic grayling) of fish samples were inferred (p &#60; 0.05) to be immigrants to one locality from another locality. Our results suggest that connectivity amongst localities is important to successful completion of the life history of each species, the potential disruption of which will be a critical aspect of post‐development monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Female Sexual Dysfunction Related to Personality and Coping? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Crisp Catrina C. , Vaccaro Christine M. , Pancholy Apurva , Kleeman Steve , Fellner Angela N. , Pauls Rachel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual disorders impact up to 43% of women. However, the relationship between sexual dysfunction and psychological variables such as personality traits and coping mechanisms is not well understood.

Aim
To examine personality domains and coping strategies utilized by women with sexual dysfunction in a clinical sample.

Methods
Patients seeking care for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) from a sexual medicine specialist were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Packets containing informed consent, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), Ten Item Personality Index (TIPI), and Brief COPE were mailed to subjects.

Main Outcome Measures
Correlations among FSFI, FSDS-R, TIPI, and Brief COPE.

Results
Of 79 eligible subjects, 50 (63.2%) returned completed questionnaires. The mean age was 40 years (standard deviation 14). Total FSFI and FSDS-R scores confirmed FSD. Correlations between the FSFI and TIPI illustrated trends with the domain of extraversion, suggesting better function in those exhibiting more of this trait (r = 0.285, P = 0.079). Similarly, FSDS-R scores correlated with openness to experience (r = −0.305, P = 0.037) and approached significance for extraversion (r = −0.258, P = 0.080), indicating lower distress in such personality types. When assessing the Brief COPE, use of emotional support, a positive coping strategy, correlated with better orgasm (r = 0.303, P = 0.048) and higher satisfaction (r = 0.331, P = 0.03). Finally, when evaluating TIPI with COPE scores, several significant associations were noted, establishing that personality may influence these adaptive behaviors.

Conclusion
Many notable relationships between sexual function, personality, and coping are presented. These support a role for consideration of psychological variables when evaluating women presenting for sexual dysfunction.
Desiring a career in STEM‐related fields: How middle school girls articulate and negotiate identities‐in‐practice in science
Authors: Tan Edna , Calabrese Barton Angela , Kang Hosun , O'Neill Tara 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe underrepresentation of non‐White students and girls in STEM fields is an ongoing problem that is well documented. In K‐12 science education, girls, and especially non‐White girls, often do not identify with science regardless of test scores. In this study, we examine the narrated and embodied identities‐in‐practice of non‐White, middle school girls who articulate future career goals in STEM‐related fields. For these girls who desire an STEM‐related career, we examine the relationships between their narrated and embodied identities‐in‐practice. Drawing on interview and ethnographic data in both school and after school science contexts, we examine how STEM‐career minded middle school girls articulate and negotiate a path for themselves through their narratives and actions. We present four types of relationships between girls' narrated and embodied identities‐in‐practice, each with a representative case study: (1) partial overlaps, (2) significant overlaps, (3) contrasting, and (4) transformative. The implications of these relationships with regard to both hurdles and support structures that are needed to equip and empower girls in pursuit of their STEM trajectories are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 1143–1179, 2013
Electrochemotherapy Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Results of a Non‐Comparative Phase II Study
Authors: Campana Luca G. , Bianchi Giuseppe , Mocellin Simone , Valpione Sara , Campanacci Laura , Brunello Antonella , Donati Davide , Sieni Elisabetta , Rossi Carlo R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsOur aim was to evaluate the activity, toxicity, and feasibility of electrochemotherapy (ECT) in patients with soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS).MethodsA two‐stage phase II trial was conducted between October 2006 and March 2012. Patients (N = 34) with locally advanced or metastatic STS, unsuitable for standard oncological treatments and with maximum 3‐cm deep tumors, received an intravenous bolus of bleomycin (15,000 IU/m2), followed by tumor electroporation according to the European Standard Operating Procedures of ECT. Outcome measures included local response according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), toxicity and tumor control. Feasibility measures included the accuracy of electrode placement and the intensity of electric current flowing in tumor tissue.ResultsMedian tumor size was 4.0 cm (range 2–12). Objective response, assessed on 71 target lesions, was 92.2 % (complete 32.3, 95 % CI 28–64). A total of 15 patients received up to four cycles due to incomplete response, but re‐treatment did not significantly improve outcome (p = 0.205). After a median follow‐up of 19.3 months, 2‐year local control rate was 72.5 %. Median time to local failure (N = 11 patients) was 5.1 months. Tumor response (p = 0.041) and control (p = 0.047) correlated with histological grading. Relevant toxicity consisted of G3 skin ulceration and soft tissue necrosis (35 and 23 % of patients, respectively), although this was manageable on an outpatient basis. The accuracy of electrode placement was 47.1 %, and the adequacy of electroporative current 85.3 %.ConclusionsECT may represent an active and safe treatment to achieve local control in advanced STS patients with symptomatic disease. Future research challenges include the improvement of electrode placement and voltage delivery together with the containment of soft tissue toxicity.
Effect of vane thickness on radiometric force
Authors: Ventura Austin , Gimelshein Natalia , Gimelshein Sergey , Ketsdever Andrew 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA numerical and experimental study of radiometric forces on vanes of different thickness is presented for the flow regime where the radiometric force is near its maximum. For single- and multi-vane geometries, it is shown that radiometric force decreases by only ∼10–15 % when the vane thickness-to-height ratio increases fourfold from 0.5 to 2. For a single-vane geometry, the shear force on the lateral side of the vane is attributed to a vortex flow generated by the interaction of cold chamber walls and heated walls of the vane. In that case, it always acts to reduce the total radiometric force governed by the pressure difference between the hot and the cold sides of the vane. For a multi-vane geometry, represented by a perforated vane, the shear force becomes positive for larger thickness-to-height ratios and lower pressures, primarily due to strong vane-driven transpiration flow through the gaps.
Turbulent pipe flow downstream of a bend
Authors: Hellström Leo H. O. , Zlatinov Metodi B. , Cao Guangjun , Smits Alexander J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTime-resolved stereoscopic PIV was used to investigate the curvature-induced structures downstream of a$90{{}^\circ} $bend at Reynolds numbers between$20\times 1{0}^{3} $and$115\times 1{0}^{3} $. Data were taken at three downstream locations to investigate the evolution of the structures. Snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis shows that the most energetic structure is not the well-known Dean motion but a bimodal single cell structure with alternating direction of rotation, called the ‘swirl switching’ mode. The strengths of the Dean motion and the swirl-switching structures are similar, indicating that the difference in energy is related to their duration of occurrence, where the Dean motion is associated with a comparatively rapid transition between the two states in the swirl switching mode.
The formation of secure new attachments by children who were maltreated: An observational study of adolescents in foster care
Authors: Joseph Michelle A. , O'Connor Thomas G. , Briskman Jacqueline A. , Maughan Barbara , Scott Stephen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChildren who were maltreated and enter foster care are at risk for maladjustment and relationship disturbances with foster carers. A popular hypothesis is that prior attachment relationships with abusive birth parents are internalized and carried forward to impair the child's subsequent attachment relationships. However, the empirical base for this model is limited, especially in adolescence. We examined the attachment patterns of 62 adolescents with their birth parents and their foster parents; we compared them to a comparison sample of 50 adolescents in normal-risk families. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview; adolescent–parent interaction quality was assessed from direct observation; disruptive behavior symptoms were assessed from multiple informants. Whereas nearly all of the adolescents in foster families exhibited insecure attachments to their birth mothers (90%) and birth fathers (100%), nearly one-half were classified as having a secure attachment with their foster mother (46%) and father (49%); rates of secure attachment toward foster parents did not differ significantly from the rate in comparison families. Within the foster care sample, attachment security to the foster mother was predicted from current observed relationship quality and the duration of current placement. In addition, attachment quality in foster adolescents was associated with fewer disruptive behavior symptoms, and this association was equally strong in foster and comparison families. Our findings demonstrate that there is substantial potential for maltreated children to change and develop subsequent secure attachments in adolescence.
Approaching the strong coupling limit in single plasmonic nanorods interacting with J-aggregates
Authors: Zengin Gülis , Johansson Göran , Johansson Peter , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. , Käll Mikael , Shegai Timur 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe studied scattering and extinction of individual silver nanorods coupled to the J-aggregate form of the cyanine dye TDBC as a function of plasmon – exciton detuning. The measured single particle spectra exhibited a strongly suppressed scattering and extinction rate at wavelengths corresponding to the J-aggregate absorption band, signaling strong interaction between the localized surface plasmon of the metal core and the exciton of the surrounding molecular shell. In the context of strong coupling theory, the observed “transparency dips” correspond to an average vacuum Rabi splitting of the order of 100 meV, which approaches the plasmon dephasing rate and, thereby, the strong coupling limit for the smallest investigated particles. These findings could pave the way towards ultra-strong light-matter interaction on the nanoscale and active plasmonic devices operating at room temperature.
All‐optical three‐input logic minterms generation using semiconductor optical amplifier‐based Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Lei L. , Da Ros F. , Xu J. , Peucheret C. , Dong J. , Zhang X. 
Published: October 2013

All‐optical three‐input logic minterms are generated at 42 Gbit/s with a Sagnac interferometer by using cross‐phase modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first time that high‐speed logic operations with more than two inputs have been experimentally demonstrated in a Sagnac interferometer. Correct and clear temporal waveforms are successfully observed. Bit error ratios and optical signal‐to‐noise ratios are measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. As the basic units of combinational logic operations, logic minterms are promising candidates to construct reconfigurable and programmable logic functions.
GATA-1 regulates the generation and function of basophils
Authors: Nei Yuichiro , Obata-Ninomiya Kazushige , Tsutsui Hidemitsu , Ishiwata Kenji , Miyasaka Masayuki , Matsumoto Kenji , Nakae Susumu , Kanuka Hirotaka , Inase Naohiko , Karasuyama Hajime 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceThe GATA-1 transcription factor has been extensively characterized and shown to play crucial roles in the development of erythroid cells, magakaryocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells. However, the role of GATA-1 in basophils remained unidentified. We demonstrate that knockdown of Gata1 gene expression in basophils results in impaired cytokine production upon allergen-mediated activation. Moreover, ΔdblGATA mice carrying the mutated Gata1 promoter have reduced numbers of basophils and their progenitors and show impaired responses in basophil-mediated protective immunity against parasitic infections. Thus, GATA-1 plays an important role in both generation and activation of basophils, and ΔdblGATA mice display numerical and functional aberrancy in basophils, in addition to the well-known eosinophil deficiency.
Mind wandering away from pain dynamically engages antinociceptive and default mode brain networks
Authors: Kucyi Aaron , Salomons Tim V. , Davis Karen D. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The mind easily wanders away from mundane tasks, but pain is presumed to automatically capture attention. We demonstrate that individuals differ in how often their minds spontaneously wander away from pain and that these differences are associated with the disruptive effect of pain on cognitive performance. Brain–behavior relationships underscore these individual differences. When people’s minds wander away from pain, there are increased activations of the default mode network (DMN) and strong interactions between the DMN and periaqueductal gray (PAG), an opiate-rich region mediating pain suppression. Individuals with greater tendencies to mind wander from pain have stronger anatomical links and dynamic functional communication between PAG and DMN. These findings provide clinically important clues about why some individuals cannot disengage from pain.
La Revanche du flou: Jacques Réda à l'épreuve de la cartographie dans
Le MéRidien de Paris
Authors: Duclos Jean-François Rémy 
Published: October 2013

Résumé

En 1994, le plasticien néerlandais Jan Dibbets a, pour rendre hommage au physicien François Arago, installé sur le sol de Paris plus d'une centaine de médaillons de bronze qui forment en pointillés le tracé d'un méridien.
Le Méridien de Paris
de Jacques Réda, publié peu de temps plus tard, se présente comme le journal d'un spectateur qui a décidé de suivre cette ligne dans l'espoir que, sous l'effet d'une telle contrainte spatiale, quelque chose de non-programmé advienne à l'écriture. Or ce texte montre que la matérialisation de la ligne de longitude, issue d'un calcul géodésique rigoureux, répond tout autant aux injonctions du hasard en faussant régulièrement compagnie à celui qui souhaite la suivre. La ligne droite semble aller de guingois. Sans recul ni horizon pour maintenir l'illusion d'une distance, le piéton doit, tel l'arpenteur, passer par la mesure cartographique et dépasser sa littéralité. L'hommage de Dibbets, anti-monument par excellence, constitue une fiction à peine repérable de l'invisible géographique. Pour Réda, il finit par former une méthode qui fournira à son écriture le flou dont elle a besoin pour se déployer. Ainsi le ‘système Dibbets’ devient un art d'écrire selon une métrique qui autorise la syncope et le pas de côté.
A new laboratory technique for determining the compressional wave properties of marine sediments at sonic frequencies and in situ pressures
Authors: McCann Clive , Sothcott Jeremy , Best Angus I. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe describe a new laboratory technique for measuring the compressional wave velocity and attenuation of jacketed samples of unconsolidated marine sediments within the acoustic (sonic) frequency range 1–10 kHz and at elevated differential (confining – pore) pressures up to 2.413 MPa (350 psi). The method is particularly well suited to attenuation studies because the large sample length (up to 0.6 m long, diameter 0.069 m) is equivalent to about one wavelength, thus giving representative bulk values for heterogeneous samples. Placing a sediment sample in a water‐filled, thick‐walled, stainless steel Pulse Tube causes the spectrum of a broadband acoustic pulse to be modified into a decaying series of maxima and minima, from which the Stoneley and compressional wave, velocity and attenuation of the sample can be determined. Experiments show that PVC and copper jackets have a negligible effect on the measured values of sediment velocity and attenuation, which are accurate to better than ± 1.5% for velocity and up to ± 5% for attenuation. Pulse Tube velocity and attenuation values for sand and silty‐clay samples agree well with published data for similar sediments, adjusted for pressure, temperature, salinity and frequency using standard equations. Attenuation in sand decreases with pressure to small values below Q−1 = 0.01 (Q greater than 100) for differential pressures over 1.5 MPa, equivalent to sub‐seafloor depths of about 150 m. By contrast, attenuation in silty clay shows little pressure dependence and intermediate Q−1 values between 0.0206–0.0235 (Q = 49–43). The attenuation results fill a notable gap in the grain size range of published data sets. Overall, we show that the Pulse Tube method gives reliable acoustic velocity and attenuation results for typical marine sediments.