bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimizing the cost of translocation failure with decision‐tree models that predict species’ behavioral response in translocation sites
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehregan , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Bull C. Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe high number of failures is one reason why translocation is often not recommended. Considering how behavior changes during translocations may improve translocation success. To derive decision‐tree models for species’ translocation, we used data on the short‐term responses of an endangered Australian skink in 5 simulated translocations with different release conditions. We used 4 different decision‐tree algorithms (decision tree, decision‐tree parallel, decision stump, and random forest) with 4 different criteria (gain ratio, information gain, gini index, and accuracy) to investigate how environmental and behavioral parameters may affect the success of a translocation. We assumed behavioral changes that increased dispersal away from a release site would reduce translocation success. The trees became more complex when we included all behavioral parameters as attributes, but these trees yielded more detailed information about why and how dispersal occurred. According to these complex trees, there were positive associations between some behavioral parameters, such as fight and dispersal, that showed there was a higher chance, for example, of dispersal among lizards that fought than among those that did not fight. Decision trees based on parameters related to release conditions were easier to understand and could be used by managers to make translocation decisions under different circumstances.Minimizar el Costo del Fracaso de la Reubicación con Modelos de Árboles de Decisión que Predigan la Respuesta Conductual de la Especie en los Sitios de Reubicación
MiRNAs in primary cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Yu Xin , Li Zheng , Liu Jie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrimary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) compose a heterogeneous disease with still unknown aetiology and mechanisms of development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered as one of the crucial players inPCLcarcinogenesis through post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs have been reported to be frequently deregulated inPCLs and their biological significance has been further confirmed in multiple functional experiments. Such studies help us understand molecular pathogenesis ofPCL. In this review, we summarize expression of miRNAs and their corresponding roles in different subtypes ofPCL. With expression and functional role of miRNAs revealed, investigation of their possible clinical use as biomarkers for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and target for therapies, will be a promising area in the future.
Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
Authors: Alaiti M. Amer , Hoit Brian D. 
Published: March 2015

Mini‐AbstractA 61‐year‐old man with no medical history presented with necrosis of the fingers and toes in the setting of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with profound eosinophilia. A crescendo–decrescendo murmur consistent with aortic stenosis was noted on exam. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed large mass on aortic valve resulting in severe stenosis. Imaging studies and extensive infectious workup were unremarkable for other underlying malignancy, evidence of embolism, infections, or connective tissue disease. Following dexamethasone treatment to achieve a normal eosinophil count, the patient underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. Pathologic examination was consistent with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
Tests of associational defence provided by hairy plants for glabrous plants of Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera against insect herbivores
Authors: SATO YASUHIRO , KUDOH HIROSHI 
Published: March 2015

1. Trichome‐producing (hairy) and trichomeless (glabrous) plants of Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera were investigated to test whether plant resistance to herbivory depends on the plants' phenotypes and/or the phenotypes of neighbouring plants (associational effects).2. A common garden experiment was conducted in which the relative frequency of hairy and glabrous plants was manipulated. Two species of leaf‐chewing insects (larvae of a white butterfly and a cabbage sawfly) were found less often on hairy plants than on glabrous plants. By contrast, the numbers of aphids and flea beetles did not differ significantly between hairy and glabrous plants. For none of these insects did abundance depend on the frequency of the two plant morphs.3. A field survey was conducted in two natural populations of A. halleri. In the first population, a species of white butterfly was the dominant herbivore, and hairy plants incurred less leaf damage than glabrous plants across 2 years. By contrast, in the other population, where flea beetles were dominant, there were no consistent differences in leaf damage between the two types of plants. In neither of the two populations was any evidence found of associational effects.4. This study did not provide any conclusive evidence of associational effects of anti‐herbivore resistance, but it was discovered that trichomes can confer resistance to certain herbivores. Given the results of previous work by the authors on associational effects against a flightless leaf beetle, such associational effects of the trichome dimorphism of A. halleri were herbivore‐specific.
Lysosomal proteins in cell death and autophagy
Authors: Mrschtik Michaela , Ryan Kevin M. 
Published: March 2015

Nearly 60 years ago, lysosomes were first described in the laboratory of Christian de Duve, a discovery that significantly contributed to him being awarded a share of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for elucidating ‘the structural and functional organization of the cell’. Initially thought of as a simple waste degradation facility of the cell, these organelles recently emerged as signalling centres with connections to major cellular processes. This review provides an overview of the many roles of lysosomal proteins in two of these processes: cell death and autophagy. We discuss both resident lysosomal proteins as well those that temporarily associate with lysosomes to influence autophagy and cell death pathways. Particular focus is given to studies in mammalian cells and in vivo systems.
Translocation of forkhead box O1 to the nuclear periphery induces histone modifications that regulate transcriptional repression of PCK1 in HepG2 cells
Authors: Arai Tamaki , Kano Fumi , Murata Masayuki 
Published: March 2015

Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is an important target for insulin. It is widely accepted that insulin‐induced phosphorylation of FOXO1 by Akt leads to its nuclear exclusion and results in the inhibition of FOXO1‐mediated transcription of the gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) in hepatocytes. However, many results that contradict this model have accumulated. Here, we provide a new mechanism for insulin‐dependent repression of FOXO1‐mediated transcription. We showed insulin‐induced translocation of endogenous Ser256‐phosphorylated FOXO1, which is essential for regulation of FOXO1‐mediated transcription, from nuclear speckles to the nuclear periphery. This insulin‐dependent translocation of FOXO1 regulated transcriptional repression of PCK1 concomitant with the formation of the FOXO1‐euchromatic histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase2 (EHMT2) complex and histone modifications of the PCK1 promoter region. Notably, our results suggest that FOXO1 uses nucleoporin 98 kDa NUP98 for this transcriptional regulation. These results provide a new insight into various FOXO1‐mediated transcriptional regulation and FOXO1‐mediated essential biological pathways.
Association between polymorphisms of the swineMHC‐DQAgene and diarrhoea in three Chinese native piglets
Authors: Liu L. X. , Zhao S. G. , Lu H. N. , Yang Q. L. , Huang X. Y. , Gun S. B. 
Published: March 2015

SummarySwine leucocyte antigen (SLA) is a highly polymorphic multigene family that plays a crucial role in swine immune response and disease resistance. Here, we identified polymorphisms and gene variations ofSLA‐DQAexon 2 using polymerase chain reaction–single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) and DNA sequencing analysis, and further investigated the correlation between the polymorphisms and piglet diarrhoea in three Chinese native pig breeds (Bamei, Juema and Gansu Black pigs). Consequently, 12 genotypes and 8 alleles including two novel alleles were detected. Nucleotide polymorphism was compared with the actual functional polymorphism in the peptide‐binding region (PBR), binding pockets P1, P6 and P9, and the antigen‐binding groove, variations in the antigen‐binding groove of alleles DQA*01xa01, DQA*01xa03, DQA*01xb01, DQA*We02, DQA*03xb03 and DQA*wy06 were higher than alleles DQA*03xa01 and DQA*03xa03, while amino acid variations in peptide‐binding pockets of allele DQA*03xa03 were most abundant among all alleles. The results of association analysis showed the diarrhoea score of Gansu Black pigs (−0.08 ± 0.78) was significantly higher than Bamei and Juema pigs (P < 0.01), and genotype DQA*03xa0103xa01 (0.39 ± 0.54) was significantly higher relative to other genotypes (P < 0.01), while that of genotype DQA*03xa0303xa03 (−1.31 ± 0.88) was markedly lower than scores obtained with genotypes DQA*03xa0103xa01 and DQA*03xa0101xa01 (P < 0.01), as well as DQA*01xa0101xa01 (P < 0.05), indicating that amino acid variations in the peptide‐binding pockets play a more important role than the antigen‐binding groove in piglet diarrhoea resistance. Further studies on other SLA molecules of native pigs are required to validate the link between this gene complex and diarrhoea.
Effects of Gliadin/Glutenin and HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS Ratio on Dough Rheological Properties and Bread‐Making Potential of Wheat Varieties
Authors: Dhaka Vandana , Khatkar B.S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe gliadin/glutenin ratio of 15 diverse wheat varieties ranged from 0.75 to 1.16, whereas the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) to low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS) ratio of these varieties ranged from 0.31 to 0.93. Gliadin/glutenin ratio showed a significant negative relationship with specific loaf volume (r = −0.73), dough development time (DDT; r = −0.73), dough stability (r = −0.79) and positive associations with LMW quantity (r = 0.72). Mixolab classified the wheat varieties into two groups on the basis of HMW‐GS located at Glu‐A1 and Glu‐D1. Wheat varieties HI 977 and DBW 16 with subunits 2* and 5 +10 at Glu‐A1 and Glu‐D1, respectively, exhibited the characteristics of “extra strong” doughs with longer DDT of 8.3 and 7.2 min, and higher dough stability values of 9.1 and 8.6 min, respectively. Wheat varieties C 306, HW 2004 with null allele at Glu‐A1 and 2 + 12 at Glu‐D1, in contrast, were weak as they developed quickly, with low dough stability (≤4 min).Practical ApplicationsBread has been one of the principal forms of food for man from the earliest times. Bread quality is determined by the composition and molecular structure of gluten which in turn controls the interactions of gluten subfractions during processing. Rheological properties, microstructure of gluten, gliadin/glutenin ratio and HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS ratio have been found to be associated with bread‐making quality of wheat varieties. The research implications may be utilized both by industry personnel as well as researchers to assess the bread‐making quality of wheat varieties.
School‐ and Family‐Level Socioeconomic Status and Health Behaviors: Multilevel Analysis of a National Survey in Wales, United Kingdom
Authors: Moore Graham F. , Littlecott Hannah J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDInterventions to address inequalities in adolescent health behaviors often target children from less affluent families, or schools in poorer areas. Few studies have examined whether school‐ or family‐level affluence predicts health behaviors independently, or in combination.METHODSThis article reports secondary analysis of the Welsh Health Behavior in School‐aged Children (HBSC) survey. Mixed‐effects logistic regression models test associations of school and family socioeconomic status (SES) with smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, and physical activity.RESULTSHigher family SES was associated with healthier behaviors, except in relation to alcohol consumption. For all behaviors except physical activity, school‐level SES was independently associated with healthier behaviors. In higher SES schools, a stronger association of family SES with health behavior was observed, particularly in relation to smoking and physical activity.CONCLUSIONSSchool and family SES may exert independent and combined influences upon adolescent health behaviors. Targeting interventions toward deprived schools may fail to address substantial inequalities within more affluent schools. Targeting deprived families may fail to address behaviors of children from affluent families, attending more deprived schools. Identifying universal health improvement interventions which have greater effects among children from poorer backgrounds may be a more effective means of reducing inequalities.
Absenteeism, Educational Plans, and Anxiety Among Children With Incontinence and Their Parents
Authors: Filce Hollie G. , LaVergne Leslie 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildren with incontinence have more absenteeism, poorer academic performance, and potential social difficulties during the school years. These children and their parents are at risk for illness‐related anxiety. Whereas educational plans are designed to remediate educational, medical, and social‐emotional barriers at school, little research has explored the relationship among absenteeism, educational plans, and anxiety for this population.METHODSEighty‐three families provided demographic information and completed either the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale Second Edition (RCMAS‐2) or the Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale (AMAS‐A). A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationships among these variables.RESULTSChildren with chronic illness resulting in incontinence had greater than expected rates of absenteeism. A high level of absenteeism was a significant predictor of parental anxiety, but not child anxiety. Over one third reported having no plan in place to support the child's needs at school. However, when a plan was present, it had no impact on child or parental anxiety.CONCLUSIONSAbsenteeism contributes to familial anxiety and educational difficulties. Despite the potential for educational plans to support these children at school, these plans are underutilized for children with incontinence. This population requires more attention to their academic and social‐emotional well‐being at school.
Girls and Boys Gambling With Health and Well‐Being in Finland
Authors: Räsänen Tiina , Lintonen Tomi , Joronen Katja , Konu Anne 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to examine the associations among gambling frequency, health status, health risk behavior, and sexual risk‐taking among eighth and ninth grade boys and girls (N = 101,167).METHODSData were obtained from the nationwide School Health Promotion Study conducted in Finland 2010 and 2011. Outcome measures were adolescents' health and sexual behavior. Associations with gambling frequency were studied separately for boys and girls using polychotomous logistic regression models where grade level was adjusted.RESULTSApproximately 62% of adolescents had gambled during the previous year. Gambling was more common among boys than girls in both grade levels. Gambling frequency was associated with several health and sexual risk‐taking indicators such as signs of school burnout, staying up late, and having more than 1 sexual partner. Those who gambled the most had a higher risk for poorer health and taking health risks. Girls and those who had gambled on a weekly basis were the most vulnerable groups.CONCLUSIONSIt would be beneficial to raise teacher, parent, and adolescent awareness of the wide range of negative health outcomes and risks associated with gambling.
Infrastructure of Participant Direction for Medicaid‐Funded In‐Home Autism Services for Children in Massachusetts
Authors: Leutz Walter , Warfield Marji E. , Timberlake Maria , Chiri Giuseppina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among young children has grown, it has been noted that affected low‐income children and children from ethnic and racial minority families are less likely to be diagnosed with ASD and to receive services. To help address such disparities, the Autism Division of the Massachusetts Department of Developmental Services instituted an Autism Waiver Program funded jointly by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the U.S. federal government. The program was designed to help low‐income children with autism under age nine from diverse cultural backgrounds gain access to therapeutic supports. The program used a participant (parent)‐directed model to help families to choose and manage services, staff, and their own budget. The authors detail a study that was designed to evaluate the costs and factors contributing to “successful operations.” The authors gathered data from a focus group, reviewed cost data, and conducted individual qualitative interviews with staff involved in the coordination, delivery, and reimbursement of the program's services. They found that factors that contributed to successful operations included educated/trained families, skilled in‐home therapists, clear communication with families and among staff, good information systems, and participation of families in “carryover” of interventions. Families varied in their capacities and time to choose and manage services, but staff adjusted their levels of assistance to compensate. Of the total program budget, individual budgets comprised 82% and administrative costs comprised 18% of the expenses. Program staff were generally satisfied with the structure and operation of the program. Areas for improvement included simplifying record keeping, payments with online systems, and developing approaches to strengthen carryover.
Labelling Shakespeare's ‘Last Plays’
Authors: Chen Xing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWritten near the end of the playwright's career and generically and stylistically distinct, Shakespeare's ‘last plays’ have often been considered as a separate group. There is, however, no academic agreement on which plays are the ‘last plays’ nor how, as a category, they should be termed. By briefly examining four of the most popular ways of classifying them (‘last plays’, ‘romances’, ‘late plays’ and ‘tragicomedies’), this article reviews difficulties of grouping and labelling the plays and examines the limitations of current critical approaches to late Shakespeare. It also functions as an overview of the distinctive features of these ‘last plays’.
Temperature‐sensitive fitness cost of insecticide resistance in Chinese populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella
Authors: Zhang Lin Jie , Jing Yu Pu , Li Xiao Hui , Li Chang Wei , Bourguet Denis , Wu Gang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlleles conferring a higher adaptive value in one environment may have a detrimental impact on fitness in another environment. Alleles conferring resistance to pesticides and drugs provide textbook examples of this trade‐off as, in addition to conferring resistance to these molecules, they frequently decrease fitness in pesticide/drug‐free environments. We show here that resistance to chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate (OP), in Chinese populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is conferred by two mutations of ace1 – the gene encoding the acetylcholinesterase enzyme targeted by OPs – affecting the amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein. These mutations were always linked, consistent with the segregation of a single resistance allele, ace1R, carrying both mutations, in the populations studied. We monitored the frequency of ace1R (by genotyping more than 20 000 adults) and the level of resistance (through bioassays on more than 50 000 individuals) over several generations. We found that the ace1R resistance allele was costly in the absence of insecticide and that this cost was likely recessive. This fitness costs involved a decrease in fecundity: females from resistant strains laid 20% fewer eggs, on average, than females from susceptible strains. Finally, we found that the fitness costs associated with the ace1R allele were greater at high temperatures. At least two life history traits were involved: longevity and fecundity. The relative longevity of resistant individuals was affected only at high temperatures and the relative fecundity of resistant females – which was already affected at temperatures optimal for development – decreased further at high temperatures. The implications of these findings for resistance management are discussed.
Phylogenetic distribution of symbiotic bacteria from Panamanian amphibians that inhibit growth of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Becker Matthew H. , Walke Jenifer B. , Murrill Lindsey , Woodhams Douglas C. , Reinert Laura K. , Rollins‐Smith Louise A. , Burzynski Elizabeth A. , Umile Thomas P. , Minbiole Kevin P. C. , Belden Lisa K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe introduction of next‐generation sequencing has allowed for greater understanding of community composition of symbiotic microbial communities. However, determining the function of individual members of these microbial communities still largely relies on culture‐based methods. Here, we present results on the phylogenetic distribution of a defensive functional trait of cultured symbiotic bacteria associated with amphibians. Amphibians are host to a diverse community of cutaneous bacteria and some of these bacteria protect their host from the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) by secreting antifungal metabolites. We cultured over 450 bacterial isolates from the skins of Panamanian amphibian species and tested their interactions with Bd using an in vitro challenge assay. For a subset of isolates, we also completed coculture experiments and found that culturing isolates with Bd had no effect on inhibitory properties of the bacteria, but it significantly decreased metabolite secretion. In challenge assays, approximately 75% of the bacterial isolates inhibited Bd to some extent and these inhibitory isolates were widely distributed among all bacterial phyla. Although there was no clear phylogenetic signal of inhibition, three genera, Stenotrophomonas, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas, had a high proportion of inhibitory isolates (100%, 77% and 73%, respectively). Overall, our results demonstrate that antifungal properties are phylogenetically widespread in symbiotic microbial communities of Panamanian amphibians and that some functional redundancy for fungal inhibition occurs in these communities. We hope that these findings contribute to the discovery and development of probiotics for amphibians that can mitigate the threat of chytridiomycosis.