bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of handover in a pediatric postanesthesia care unit
Authors: Piekarski Florian , Kaufmann Jost , Laschat Michael , Böhmer Andreas , Engelhardt Thomas , Wappler Frank 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe quality of anesthetic handovers to postanesthesia care units (PACU) is known to be poor in adults, and only very limited reports are available regarding the quality of handovers in pediatric anesthesia. In particular, it is not known which and in what quality information is communicated. This current study investigated, therefore, the presence of any handover component as well as its consistency in a pediatric postanesthesia care unit.MethodsThis prospective observational study evaluated postoperative anesthetic handovers to a pediatric PACU using a detailed checklist, comprising 55 possible items. The main outcome measure was the proportion of information verbally transmitted in relation to the written documentation within the anesthesia record.ResultsFour hundred and forty‐three handovers were observed with two handovers excluded due to missing data. Type of surgery (93% [95% CI 91–95]) and any intra‐operative regional anesthesia (89% [95% CI 85–94]) were most frequently communicated. Items such as ASA‐PS (3% [95% CI 2–5]) and fluid management (4% of cases [95% CI 2–6]) were rarely handed over. Eleven of the 55 items contained within the checklist were communicated in more than 70% of patients.ConclusionsThe observed handovers to PACU staff were incomplete and missing important information. However, omission of essential information potentially compromises patient safety. A standardized universal mandatory handover protocol following pediatric anesthesia is required.
Small RNA deep sequencing reveals the important role of microRNAs in the halophyte Halostachys caspica
Authors: Yang Ruirui , Zeng Youling , Yi Xiaoya , Zhao Lijuan , Zhang Yufang 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs), an extensive class of small regulatory RNAs, play versatile roles in plant growth and development as well as stress responses. However, the regulatory mechanism is unclear on miRNA‐mediated response to abiotic stress in plants. Halostachys caspica is a halophytic plant species and a great model for investigating plant response to salinity stress. However, no research has been performed on miRNAs in H. caspica. In this study, we employed deep sequencing to identify both conserved and novel miRNAs from salinity‐exposed H. caspica and its untreated control. Among the 13–19 million sequences generated from both treatments, a total of 170 conserved miRNAs, belonging to 151 miRNA families, were identified; among these miRNAs, 31 were significantly up‐regulated and 48 were significantly down‐regulated by salinity stress. We also identified 102 novel miRNAs from H. caspica; among them, 12 miRNAs were significantly up‐regulated and 13 were significantly down‐regulated by salinity. qRT‐PCR expression analysis validated the deep sequencing results and also demonstrated that miRNAs and their targeted genes were responsive to high salt stress and existed a negative expression correlation between miRNAs and their targets. miRNA‐target prediction, GO and KEGG analysis showed that miRNAs were involved in salt stress‐related biological pathway, including calcium signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis, etc. This suggests that miRNAs play an important role in plant salt stress tolerance in H. caspica. This result could be used to improve salt tolerance in crops and woods.
Lack of significant improvements in long‐term allograft survival in pediatric solid organ transplantation: A US national registry analysis
Authors: Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Lamb Kenneth E. , Zheng Jie , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Meier‐Kriesche Herwig‐Ulf 
Published: April 2015

AbstractImprovements across many facets of transplantation have led to better 1‐yr outcomes of transplanted organs. In this study, we assessed whether longer‐term attrition rates improved in pediatric kidney (KI), liver (LI), heart (HR) and lung (LU) transplant (TX) survival. We analyzed data between 1989 and 2008 from 5747 KI, 7348 LI, 5103 HR, and 715 LU TXs (under 18 yr of age at transplant, first solitary transplant only), from the National Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database in the USA. Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) or ordinary least square (OLS) estimates were used to calculate median and projected survival half‐lives. Attrition rates, defined as percent failing within a given time period, were stratified by year of TX. Median half‐lives from 1989 TX year to 2005 TX year have shown a major improvement only in LI TX, remaining unchanged in HR and KI TX, or remaining very low in LU TX. All four organ TX types have shown a dramatic drop in first‐year attrition rates from 1989 to 2008. However, longer‐term attrition rates (1–3, 3–5, 5–10 yr) have remained largely unchanged for all four organ TX types. Further progress in long‐term survival will need targeting end‐points beyond first‐year rejection and survival rates.
Understanding Health Needs and Perspectives of Middle‐Aged and Older Women Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Salem Benissa E. , Ma‐Pham Jennifer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesMiddle‐aged and older homeless women have unique health and social service delivery needs; yet, limited research has been conducted in this area. The purpose of this study was to assess perspectives among prefrail and frail, middle‐aged and older homeless women.Design and SampleFocus group methodology was conducted to assess perspectives among these homeless women (N=20) aged 43 to 62.MeasuresSociodemographic and frailty characteristics were assessed by structured instruments, along with mobility, assistive device use and falls.ResultsThe average age was 53.4; the majority of the sample was African‐American (70%). In total, 60% reported living in a shelter for the last 30 days, while 20% were unsheltered. The majority of the sample reported walking independently (80%) and not using an assistive device (65%). Over one third (35%) fell in the last 30 days and 70% fell in the last year. Content analysis revealed several themes that included (1) health care needs and challenges experienced; (2) perspectives on sexual decision making; (3) employment difficulties; (4) existing support systems; and (5) development of future program planning.ConclusionsFuture research development and implications are discussed.
Maternal Obesity, Caesarean Delivery and Caesarean Delivery on Maternal Request: a Cohort Analysis from China
Authors: Zhou Yubo , Blustein Jan , Li Hongtian , Ye Rongwei , Zhu Liping , Liu Jianmeng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo quantify the association between maternal obesity and caesarean delivery, particularly caesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR), a fast‐growing component of caesarean delivery in many nations.MethodsWe followed 1 019 576 nulliparous women registered in the Perinatal Healthcare Surveillance System during 1993–2010. Maternal body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), before pregnancy or during early pregnancy, was classified as underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5 to <23; reference), overweight (23 to <27.5), or obese (≥27.5), consistent with World Health Organization guidelines for Asian people. The association between maternal obesity and overall caesarean and its subtypes was modelled using log‐binomial regression.ResultsDuring the 18‐year period, 404 971 (39.7%) caesareans and 93 927 (9.2%) CDMRs were identified. Maternal obesity was positively associated with overall caesarean and CDMR. Adjusted risk ratios for overall caesarean in the four ascending BMI categories were 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94, 0.97], 1.00 (Reference), 1.16 [95% CI 1.14, 1.18], 1.39 [95% CI 1.43, 1.54], and for CDMR were 0.95 [95% CI 0.94, 0.96], 1.00 (Reference), 1.20 [95% CI 1.18, 1.22], 1.48 [95% CI 1.433, 1.54]. Positive associations were consistently found in women residing in southern and northern provinces and in subgroups stratified by year of delivery, urban or rural residence, maternal age, education, level of delivering hospital, and birthweight.ConclusionsIn a large Chinese cohort study, maternal obesity was associated with an increased risk of caesarean delivery and its subtypes, including CDMR. Given the rising global prevalence of obesity, and in view of the growth of CDMR, it seems likely that caesarean births will increase, unless there are changes in obstetrical practice.
Assessing the Past and Promise of the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey for Public Management Research: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Fernandez Sergio , Resh William G. , Moldogaziev Tima , Oberfield Zachary W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSince 2002, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management has used the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) to monitor efforts by federal executive agencies to manage human capital. Public management researchers have usedFEVSdata to produce dozens of peer‐reviewed publications on a range of topics of interest to policy makers, practitioners, and academics. Despite the proliferation of these empirical studies, the field of public management until now has lacked a critical assessment of theFEVSand of how researchers have used the data. In this article, the authors discuss the strengths of theFEVSand the opportunities this survey has created for public management researchers. Despite important contributions made to the literature using the data, there are weaknesses in the content, design, and implementation of theFEVS. The authors offer a set of recommendations for refining the survey and its implementation with the aim of improving the quality and value of the data. In doing so, they hope to foster a dialogue between public management researchers and the Office of Personnel Management on the future of theFEVSand to forge a stronger link between these two communities.
Terms of Trade Shocks and Inflation Targeting in Emerging Market Economies
Authors: Hove Seedwell , Touna Mama Albert , Tchana Tchana Fulbert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEmerging market economies (EMEs) have persistently experienced different waves of commodity terms of trade disturbances, generating macroeconomic instabilities. The adoption of inflation targeting (IT) by many EMEs has raised questions about its relative suitability in dealing with these shocks compared with other monetary policy regimes. This paper tests the robustness of IT compared with monetary targeting and exchange rate targeting regimes in coping with commodity terms of trade shocks using the panel vector autoregressive technique. The results show that in general, IT countries respond better to commodity terms of trade shocks especially with respect to inflation and output gap. However, exchange rates are more volatile in IT countries than in exchange rate targeting countries. The results suggest that EME countries can reduce the adverse effects of commodity terms of trade fluctuations when they adopt IT, but they also need to pay attention to exchange rate movements.
Socialization in the Context of Risk and Psychopathology: Maternal Emotion Socialization in Children of Incarcerated Mothers
Authors: Zeman Janice , Dallaire Danielle , Borowski Sarah 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChildren of incarcerated mothers are at increased risk for psychological, social, and emotional maladaptation. This research investigates whether perceived maternal socialization of sadness and anger may moderate these outcomes in a sample of 154 children (53.9 percent boys, 61.7 percent Black, M age = 9.38, range: 6–12), their 118 mothers (64.1 percent Black), and 118 caregivers (74.8 percent female, 61.9 percent grandparents, 63.2 percent Black). Using mother, caregiver, and child report, seven maternal socialization strategies were assessed in their interaction with incarceration‐specific risk experiences predicting children's adjustment. For sadness socialization, the results indicated that among children reporting maternal emotion‐focused responses, incarceration‐specific risk predicted increases in psychological problems, depressive symptoms, increased emotional lability, and poorer emotion regulation. For children who perceived a problem‐focused response, incarceration‐specific risk did not predict outcomes. There were no significant interactions with incarceration‐specific risk and perceived maternal anger socialization strategies. These results indicate a critical need to examine how socialization processes may operate differently for children raised in atypical socializing contexts.
Critical Olsen P and CaCl2‐P levels as related to soil properties: results from micropot experiments
Authors: Sánchez‐Alcalá I. , del Campillo M. C. , Torrent J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe usefulness of soil phosphorus (P) tests used in routine soil analyses is limited by the fact that a single measurement cannot encompass all P‐related factors potentially affecting plant performance. In this work, we performed micropot (15 mL) experiments to test the hypothesis that the predictive value of two common soil P tests (Olsen P and CaCl2‐P) can be improved by considering properties commonly measured in laboratory analyses. Forty‐nine sets of soils ranging widely in properties were used for this purpose, each set consisting of samples with similar properties but differing in P status. Ryegrass and turnip were grown in a chamber for 30 days in two separate experiments and their yields at harvest recorded. The critical Olsen P and CaCl2‐P levels, which were taken to be those corresponding to 95% asymptotic yield as calculated from data fitted to a Mitscherlich equation, were greater for turnip than for ryegrass, probably as a result of the difference in yield (49 and 160 mg dry matter/micropot on average for ryegrass and turnip, respectively) and hence in P requirements between the two species. Critical Olsen P spanned narrower ranges than critical CaCl2‐P in both crops and is therefore seemingly the more robust of the two tests. Both critical P values exhibited moderate correlations with soil properties. Thus, critical Olsen P was (a) lower in soils with a medium pH – which is consistent with the fact that the bicarbonate solution method tends to overestimate plant‐available P in strongly acid and calcareous soils; (b) positively correlated with pH and carbonate content in calcareous soils; and (c) uncorrelated with soil properties in noncalcareous soils. On the other hand, critical CaCl2‐P in some soil groups was negatively correlated with some properties increasing the P buffering capacity of soil (e.g. Fe oxide content). Taken together, our results suggest that routinely measured soil properties help to predict critical Olsen P better than critical CaCl2‐P.
From Empathetic Understanding to Engaged Witnessing: Encountering Trauma in the Holocaust Classroom
Authors: Gubkin Liora 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA commitment to empathetic understanding shaped the field of religious studies; although subject to critique, it remains an important teaching practice where students are charged with the task of recognizing, and perhaps even appreciating, a worldview that appears significantly different from their own. However, when the focus of the course is historical trauma there are significant epistemological and ethical reasons empathetic understanding may not be our best pedagogical strategy. Drawing primarily on my experience teaching a general education class “The Holocaust and Its Impact” atCaliforniaStateUniversity,Bakersfield, I advocate replacing empathetic understanding with engaged witnessing as a pedagogical framework and strategy for teaching traumatic knowledge. To make this case, I delineate four qualities of engaged witnessing and demonstrate their use in teaching about the Holocaust.
“But Aren't Cults Bad?”: Active Learning, Productive Chaos, and Teaching New Religious Movements
Authors: Zeller Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article considers the challenges inherent when teaching about new religious movements (“cults”), how successful instructors have surmounted them, and how teacher‐scholars in other fields of religious studies can benefit from a discussion of the successful teaching of new religions. I note that student‐centered pedagogies are crucial to teaching new religions, particularly if students disrupt and defamiliarize the assumed and reified categories of “cult” and “religion.” I argue that what works in a classroom focusing on new religious movements will work more broadly in religious studies classrooms, since the challenges of the former are reproduced in the latter.
Teaching the College “Nones”: Christian Privilege and the Religion Professor
Authors: Riswold Caryn D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWorking with undergraduate students invites teachers into relationship and conversation with young people at a time when they are emerging as adults and forming their identities. Faith is one area of identity formation often attended to by scholars, college professors, and their institutions. But within that, little attention has been paid to those who do not identify as religious. Additionally, “the overwhelming presence of Christianity at American institutions maintains it as the spiritual norm on campus. … Those within the spiritual norm gain a level of privilege that is often unconscious” (Seifert 2007, 11). This has an effect not only on nonreligious students but on any student who identifies as anything other than Christian; and it has a unique effect on teaching and learning in the religion classroom. In this article, I will explain what Christian privilege is, why it is a unique problem in the undergraduate religion classroom, and what teachers of religion might do in response to it. In the end,Iargue that educators need to better understand the effects of Christian privilege in our classrooms and become allies to the nonreligious in particular by using pedagogies that include and support all students, in their many religious affiliations and unaffiliations.
“Who Am I?”: The Biblical Moses as a Metaphor for Teaching
Authors: Gravett Emily O. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis essay presents Moses, the protagonist of the biblical books of Exodus and Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible, as a playful but generative metaphor for current teaching practices and experiences in higher education, including my own. Among numerous similarities (such as the fact that Moses, other teachers, and I are all bound by context), the most humbling insights come from Moses's role as a mediator or intermediary. It is a role that we also inhabit – standing, as it were, between our students and the knowledge of our discipline – and that we might consider further, particularly in terms of our responsibilities.
The Council of Newton: A Pedagogical Exercise for Understanding Conceptual and Historical Difference with Respect to Intra‐Religious Notions of Divinity
Authors: Karapanagiotis Nicole 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this essay, I examine the following pedagogical question: how can we unlock students' mistaken notions that religious “traditions” are monoliths, and instead help them to recognize, puzzle over, and appreciate the complex multiplicity and vibrant set of doctrinal and ritual conversations that characterize religious traditions? More specifically, how can we teach students to recognize these differences with respect to a religion's notions of god? And how can we do so even when students are particularly stuck on, invested in, or trained to see homogeneity? In answer to these questions, I present an exercise that I have used in my World Religions courses. This exercise – which I call the “Council of Newton” (named for the building in which I first taught it) – is particularly effective because it helps students uncover and wrestle with this diversity at two levels: conceptually and historically.
Phytochemical characterization and evaluation of anticataract potential of seabuckthorn leaf extract
Authors: Dubey Suchita , Deep Prakash , Singh Amrit K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to carry out phytochemical characterization of aqueous extract of Seabuckthorn (SBT, Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves and evaluation of its therapeutic role in oxidative stress‐induced cataract in isolated goat lenses using Vit. E as reference compound.Animal studiedA total of 42 goat eye lenses were used in the present study.ProcedureSeabuckthorn leaf extract was characterized by total phenol content estimation and HPLC analysis of quercetin and catechin. Further, cataract was induced in goat lenses using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and anticataract activity was evaluated using the extract in the dose range of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/mL concentrations through estimation of biochemical markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malonaldehyde (MDA).ResultsThe results of the phytochemical characterization showed the total phenol content of the extract to be 365 mg/g in terms of gallic acid equivalents. Quercetin and catechin were estimated to be 0.01 and 0.12% w/w, respectively. In biochemical analysis, H2O2 introduction resulted in a decrease in SOD (approximately 85%) and GSH (approximately 63%) contents and an increase in MDA content (approximately 300%). The decreased levels of SOD and GSH were significantly restored in experimental groups receiving 500 and 1000 1g/mL of SBT extract. All the experimental groups showed significantly reduced MDA level in all the doses.ConclusionAqueous extract of SBT leaves showed the potential to delay onset and/or progression of cataract, at least during in vitro conditions. Results indicate the possibilities of evaluating this extract for its use as anticataract agent during in vivo conditions.
Third eyelid gland neoplasms of dogs and cats: a retrospective histopathologic study of 145 cases
Authors: Dees D. Dustin , Schobert Charles S. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Stein Timothy J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeTo describe the various types of primary neoplasms affecting the third eyelid (TEL) gland of dogs and cats.MethodsA retrospective search of the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW) database was performed. Veterinary ophthalmologists, primary care veterinarians, and, when appropriate, owners were contacted for patient follow‐up information. Patient data points collected included species, age, sex, breed, laterality, tumor type, surgical margins, recurrence, metastasis, and length of follow‐up.ResultsA total of 127 canine and 18 feline cases met the inclusion criteria. The most common canineTELgland tumor was adenocarcinoma (n = 108; 85.0%) followed by adenoma (n = 18; 14.2%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 1; 0.8%). For canine cases with follow‐up information available (n = 62), 8.1% had confirmed or suspected metastasis and 11.3% had confirmed or suspected local recurrence of disease. The most common felineTELgland tumor was adenocarcinoma (n = 15; 83.3%) followed bySCC(n = 3; 16.7%). For feline cases with follow‐up information available (n = 9), 40.0% had confirmed or suspected metastasis and 30.0% had confirmed or suspected local recurrence of disease.ConclusionsThis study determined that adenocarcinoma was the most common third eyelid gland tumor in both dogs and cats. The overall survival times were less, and metastatic occurrence and recurrence rates appeared to be higher for feline tumors as compared to those diagnosed in dogs. This is the first report ofSCCoriginating from glandular ductular epithelium.