bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroecological patterns of marine bacteria on a global scale
Authors: Amend Anthony S. , Oliver Tom A. , Amaral‐Zettler Linda A. , Boetius Antje , Fuhrman Jed A. , Horner‐Devine M. Claire , Huse Susan M. , Welch David B. Mark , Martiny Adam C. , Ramette Alban , Zinger Lucie , Sogin Mitchell L. , Martiny Jennifer B. H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo test whether within‐species and among‐species patterns of abundance and latitudinal range in marine bacteria resemble those found for macro‐organisms, and whether these patterns differ along latitudinal clines.LocationGlobal pelagic marine environments.MethodsTaxon‐specific sequence abundance and location were retrieved from the open‐access V6‐rRNA pyrotag sequence data base VAMPS (http://vamps.mbl.edu/), which holds a massive collection of marine bacterial community data sets from the International Census of Marine Microbes sampling effort of global ocean water masses. Data were randomly subsampled to correct for spatial bias and for differences in sampling effort.ResultsWe show that bacterial latitudinal ranges are narrower than expected by chance. When present in both Northern and Southern hemispheres, taxa occupy restricted ranges at similar latitudes on both sides of the equator. A significant and positive relationship exists between sequence abundance and latitudinal range, although this pattern contains a large amount of variance. Abundant taxa in the tropics and in the Northern Hemisphere generally have smaller ranges than those in the Southern Hemisphere. We show that the mean latitudinal range of bacterial taxa increases with latitude, supporting the existence of a Rapoport effect in marine bacterioplankton. Finally, we show that bacterioplankton communities contain a higher proportion of abundant taxa as they approach the poles.Main conclusionsMacroecological patterns such as the abundance–range relationship, in general, extend to marine bacteria. However, differences in the shape of these relationships between bacteria and macro‐organisms call into question whether the processes and their relative importance in shaping global marine bacteria and macro‐organism distributions are the same.
From antisocial behavior to violence: a model for the amplifying role of coercive joining in adolescent friendships
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark J. , Dishion Thomas J. 
Published: November 2012

Background: Aggression is one of the more stable characteristics of child and adolescent development, and violent behavior in early adulthood is often foreshadowed by aggressive behavior in childhood and early adolescence. Considerable evidence has linked coercive family interactions to aggressive behavior in childhood, but less research has been conducted on the joint role of family and peer interaction in the escalation of aggression to violence in adulthood.Methods: We coded family interactions at age 12–13 and friendship interaction at age 16–17 in a multiethnic sample of youth and families. Violence in young adulthood (age 22–23) was measured using self‐report, criminal records, and parent report. We tested the hypothesis that a process of ‘coercive joining’ in friendship interactions mediated the relationship between coercive family interactions and serious violence.Results: We found that observed coercive joining in friendships at age 16–17 predicted early‐adulthood violent behavior over and above an established tendency toward antisocial behavior. We also found that observed coercive family interactions at age 12 predicted early‐adulthood violence, and that coercive joining with friends fully mediated this link.Conclusions: These results significantly extend coercion theory by suggesting that coercive joining in the context of peer groups is an additional mechanism by which coercive processes in the family are extended and amplified to violent behavior in early adulthood. Our findings suggest the importance of addressing both individual interpersonal skills and self‐organizing peer groups when intervening to prevent violent behavior.
Development of Spreadable Halva Fortified with Soy Flour and Optimization of Formulation Using Mixture Design
Authors: Zahedi Younes , Mazaheri‐Tehrani Mostafa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel spread based on sesame paste fortified with soy flour was developed. A mixture experimental design was used to investigate effect of soy flour and mono‐ and diglycerides addition on the emulsion stability (ES), color, textural properties and sensory attributes of the spreadable halva and to optimize the formulation. The ES of all samples increased as a function of the emulsifier amount. The increase of temperature led to emulsion instability and oil separation intensification. Addition of soy flour had no significant effect on hardness and adhesiveness of different halva samples (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of most halva samples (P > 0.05). Halva samples received scores of 4–7 in all evaluated attributes, and no significant difference was detected among most halva samples in all sensory properties. The range of optimum combination was determined by superimposing the contour plots of the responses.Practical ApplicationsConvenience of food consumption is an important factor in product design and development. Using a spreadable food is more favored than the molded ones. Development of spreadable halva can solve difficulty with consumption of molded halva. In addition, spreads are an excellent carrier for nutraceutical components such as soy flour. Spreadable halva can be considered as a carrier of soy flour in order to develop a novel food.
Regulation of Leaf Senescence and Crop Genetic ImprovementF
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Yuan , Kuai Ben‐Ke , Jia Ji‐Zeng , Jing Hai‐Chun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLeaf senescence can impact crop production by either changing photosynthesis duration, or by modifying the nutrient remobilization efficiency and harvest index. The doubling of the grain yield in major cereals in the last 50 years was primarily achieved through the extension of photosynthesis duration and the increase in crop biomass partitioning, two things that are intrinsically coupled with leaf senescence. In this review, we consider the functionality of a leaf as a function of leaf age, and divide a leaf's life into three phases: the functionality increasing phase at the early growth stage, the full functionality phase, and the senescence and functionality decreasing phase. A genetic framework is proposed to describe gene actions at various checkpoints to regulate leaf development and senescence. Four categories of genes contribute to crop production: those which regulate (I) the speed and transition of early leaf growth, (II) photosynthesis rate, (III) the onset and (IV) the progression of leaf senescence. Current advances in isolating and characterizing senescence regulatory genes are discussed in the leaf aging and crop production context. We argue that the breeding of crops with leaf senescence ideotypes should be an essential part of further crop genetic improvement.
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[ Hai‐Chun Jing (Corresponding author)]
CAPs‐IDD: Characteristics of Assessment Instruments for Psychiatric Disorders in Persons with Intellectual Developmental Disorders
Authors: Zeilinger E. L. , Nader I. W. , Brehmer‐Rinderer B. , Koller I. , Weber G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of psychiatric disorders in persons with an intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) can be performed with a variety of greatly differing instruments. This makes the choice of an instrument best suited for the intended purpose challenging. In this study, we developed a comprehensive set of characteristics for the evaluation and description of assessment instruments for psychiatric disorders in adult persons with IDD. This simplifies the search for an instrument as it makes an easy and direct comparison possible and hereby allows a more thorough and appropriate decision making when selecting assessment tools.MethodA mixed‐methods approach was used. First, a systematic literature search was conducted to identify existing tools for the description and evaluation of assessment instruments. Second, the content of these tools was combined and missing features and IDD‐specific attributes were added. Finally, expert consultations were performed.ResultsThe Characteristics of Assessment Instruments for Psychiatric Disorders in Persons with Intellectual Developmental Disorders (CAPs‐IDD) lists characteristics to evaluate and describe instruments for psychiatric disorders in persons with IDD. It comprises two sections: first, the conceptual and measurement model; second, the psychometric properties. Each section consists of various subsections and a detailed response format for coding instruments.ConclusionsThe use of the CAPs‐IDD helps to identify and choose instruments that best suit the respective purpose. Filled with information, it could be made accessible via new technologies to researchers and practitioners and be updated when new information is available. Thus, it contributes to a more reliable and valid assessment of possible psychiatric disorders in persons with IDD.
Psychiatric disorder‐related abnormal behavior and habenulointerpeduncular pathway defects in Wnt1‐cre and Wnt1‐GAL4 double transgenic mice
Authors: Nakajima Mitsunari , Mori Hisamichi , Nishikawa Chisa , Tsuruta Momoko , Okuyama Satoshi , Furukawa Yoshiko 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe neural crest is a unique structure in vertebrates. Wnt1‐cre and Wnt1‐GAL4 double transgenic (dTg) mice have been used in a variety of studies concerning neural crest cell lineages in which the Cre/loxP or GAL4/UAS system was applied. Here, we show psychiatric disorder‐related behavioral abnormalities and histologic alterations in a neural crest‐derived brain region in dTg mice. The dTg mice exhibited increased locomotor activity, decreased social interaction, and impaired short‐term spatial memory and nesting behavior. The choline acetyltransferase‐ and vesicular glutamate transporter 2‐immunoreactive habenulointerpeduncular fiber tracts that project from the medial habenular nucleus of the epithalamus to the interpeduncular nucleus of the midbrain tegmentum appeared irregular in the dTg mice. Both the medial habenula nucleus and the interpeduncular nucleus were confirmed to be derived from the neural crest. The findings of this study suggest that neural crest‐derived cells have pathogenic roles in the development of psychiatric disorders and that the dTg mouse could be a useful animal model for studying the pathophysiology of mental illness such as autism and schizophrenia. Scientists that use the dTg mice as a cre‐transgenic deleter line should be cautious in its possible toxicity, especially if behavioral analyses are to be performed.
The experiences of registered intellectual disability nurses caring for the older person with intellectual disability
Authors: M Doody Catriona , Markey Kathleen , Doody Owen 
Published: November 2012

Aim and objectivesTo explore the experiences of registered intellectual disability nurses caring for the older person with intellectual disability.BackgroundIncreased longevity for the older person with intellectual disability is relatively a new phenomenon with social and medical factors having significantly increased the lifespan. The ageing population of people with intellectual disability is growing in Ireland, and they are outliving or expected to outlive their family carers.DesignA qualitative Heideggerigan phenomenological approach allowed the researcher become immersed in the essence of meaning and analyse how registered intellectual disability nurses working with the older person perceive, experience and express their experience of caring.MethodsAfter ethical approval was granted, data were collected through semi‐structured interviews from seven participants and were transcribed and analysed thematically using Burnard's framework for data analysis.ResultsThree key themes were identified: ‘care delivery’, ‘inclusiveness’ and ‘client‐focused care’. The study highlights the need for effective planning, an integrated approach to services and that the registered intellectual disability nurse needs to be integrated into the care delivery system within the health service to support client and family carers in the home environment.ConclusionsOverall, the study shows the importance of teamwork, proactive planning, inclusion, attitudes, individualised care, knowing the person and best practice in providing care for older people with intellectual disability.Relevance to clinical practiceThis paper reports on the findings of a study which explored the experiences of caring for the older person with intellectual disability. Teamwork, proactive planning, client‐centred approach and supporting clients living at home are important as ageing is inevitable.
Sensory Analysis of Protected Geographical Indication Products: An Example with Turnip Greens and Tops
Authors: Arias‐Carmona M.D. , Romero‐Rodríguez M.A. , Muñoz‐Ferreiro N. , Vázquez‐Odériz M.L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn Galicia (northwestern Spain), Brassica rapa L. var. rapa vegetable products (such as turnip greens and turnip tops) are characterized by a particular sulfurous aroma, pungent flavor and bitter taste that differentiate them from other vegetables. This characteristic bitter taste is highly valued by some consumers. The regulation of the protected geographical indication “Grelos de Galicia” was approved, given the nutritional and economic importance of these products. Turnip greens and turnip tops, products covered by this regulation, are defined as the vegetative parts suitable for human consumption of plants of the species B. rapa L. var. rapa (commonly known as turnip), which is an ecotype of A Coruña and Lugo. In this work, the quantitative descriptive analysis for turnip greens and turnip tops of the two main producing regions of Galicia (Lugo and A Coruña) was developed. A significant homogeneity among the samples was found.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides sensory lexicons of turnip greens and turnip tops to support the development of their quality control plans. The study also provides the quantitative descriptive analysis developed to determine the sensory characteristics of turnip greens and turnip tops. This information is required for inclusion in the “Grelos de Galicia” protected geographical indication certification.
Mode of Infection of Phyllosticta maculata on Banana as Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wong Mee‐Hua , Henderson Juliane , Aitken Elizabeth A. B. , Drenth Andre 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe initial infection stages of Phyllosticta maculata on banana were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Conidial germination on the banana leaf surface commenced within 3 h postinoculation to produce a long and slender germ tube. The hyphae developed secondary branches and mostly grew randomly across the leaf surface. Appressoria were formed at the apex of the germ tubes within 18 h postinoculation and were variable in shape. A layer of an extracellular matrix surrounded the appressoria at the pathogen–host interface. On the fruit surface, conidia germinated to produce predominantly swollen germ tubes which functioned as lateral appressoria together with some slender ones. These germ tubes were formed within 3 h postinoculation. There was no stomatal penetration apparent on the leaf; instead, direct penetration through the cuticle with and without the formation of appressoria was observed. Cuticular degradation on the leaf surface was evident with a circular, darkened area around the point of penetration by hyphae or appressoria. The significant role of pycnidia and conidia in the epidemiology of the disease was further demonstrated in naturally infected leaf samples.
Estimating species richness: still a long way off!
Authors: Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractXu et al., in this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, compare several species richness estimators. All the non‐parametric estimators, such as Chao and jackknife estimators, underestimated the true number, whereas all the area‐based models, based on species–area curves, overestimated it. No reliable method yet exists to predict the number of species in an area that is appreciably larger than the one(s) sampled.
Distribution of habitat specialists in semi‐natural grasslands
Authors: Fajmonová Zuzana , Zelený David , Syrovátka Vít , Vončina Grzegorz , Hájek Michal 
Published: November 2012

AbstractQuestionsTo what extent do semi‐natural grasslands differ in community specificity (i.e. the representation of habitat specialists in a community)? Does the community specificity coincide with evolutionary history and nutrient availability of the habitats?LocationWest Carpathian semi‐natural grasslands (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland).MethodsHabitat specificity of individual plant species was derived from species co‐occurrence patterns using the Czech and Slovak vegetation databases (48 240 non‐forest vegetation plots). The vegetation data set, i.e. semi‐natural grasslands in West Carpathians, was classified into different plant communities using modified twinspan. The communities were split according to geographic position, in either Outer or Inner West Carpathians, and analysed separately. Values of community specificity for particular plant communities were compared with expectations generated by null models. The species habitat specificity was correlated to species Ellenberg indicator values for nutrients.ResultsSeveral plant communities have higher representation of habitat specialists than expected by chance, mainly semi‐dry grasslands in the Outer West Carpathians, and calcareous fens and higher‐altitude meadows in the Inner West Carpathians. Habitats that have occurred in the region since the early postglacial period are rich in habitat‐specialized grassland species. Habitat specialists tend to occur in nutrient‐poor habitats and generalists in nutrient‐rich habitats. Nevertheless, some communities on productive habitats and with a relatively short history also show high level of community specificity.ConclusionsCommunity specificity can be a useful parameter to describe the origin and determinants of semi‐natural grassland biodiversity. Although the habitat persistence at the Holocene scale and nutrient availability are important factors underlying specialist occurrence, their distribution is probably also controlled by a complex set of interacting factors including, e.g. recent management practices.
The effect of standard compared to enhanced instruction and verbal feedback on anorectal manometry measurements
Authors: Heinrich H. , Fruehauf H. , Sauter M. , Steingötter A. , Fried M. , Schwizer W. , Fox M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground  Guidelines recommend instruction and motivation during anorectal manometry; however, its impact on findings has not been reported. This study assessed the effects of standard versus enhanced instruction and verbal feedback on the results of anorectal manometry.Methods  High‐resolution manometry was performed by a solid‐state catheter with 10 circumferential sensors at 6 mm separation across the anal canal and two rectal sensors. Measurements were acquired first with standard instruction and then with enhanced instruction and verbal feedback. On both occasions, squeeze pressure and duration during three voluntary contractions and intra‐rectal pressure and recto‐anal pressure gradient (RAPG) during three attempts at simulated defecation were assessed.Key Results  A total of 70 consecutive patients (54 female; age 25–82 years) referred for investigation of fecal incontinence (n = 31), constipation, and related disorders of defecation (n = 39) were studied. Enhanced instruction and verbal feedback increased maximum squeeze pressure (Δ10 ± 28.5 mmHg; P < 0.0038) and duration of contraction (Δ3 ± 4 s; P < 0.0001). During simulated defecation, it increased intra‐rectal pressure (Δ12 ± 14 mmHg; P < 0.003) and RAPG (Δ11 ± 20 mmHg; P < 0.0001). Using standard diagnostic criteria, the intervention changed manometric findings from locally validated ‘pathologic’ to ‘normal’ values in 14/31 patients with incontinence and 12/39 with disorders of defecation.Conclusions & Inferences  Enhanced instruction and verbal feedback significantly improved voluntary anorectal functions and resulted in a clinically relevant change of manometric diagnosis in some patients. Effective explanation of procedures and motivation during manometry is required to ensure consistent results and to provide an accurate representation of patient ability to retain continence and evacuate stool.
Oral leukoplakia in a South African sample: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Chandran R , Meer S , Feller L 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveThis study analysed differences in clinicopathological features of oral leukoplakia in different racial groups in the greater Johannesburg area of South Africa, with emphasis on the black population.Material and MethodsThe retrospective review included cases diagnosed clinically as oral leukoplakia and histologically as hyperkeratosis without dysplasia, hyperkeratosis with mild, moderate or severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ from 1990 to 2010. Age, gender, ethnicity, clinical appearance, site of lesion and tobacco smoking habit were recorded.ResultsFourteen per cent of oral leukoplakia occurred in black South Africans compared with 80% in white South Africans. In contrast to whites, blacks were diagnosed with oral leukoplakia at a younger age; there were more men affected than women; and the proportion of idiopathic leukoplakia was greater. There were significantly more blacks (23%) than whites (13%) with non‐homogenous leukoplakia and significantly more whites (51%) than blacks (23%) with dysplastic oral leukoplakia.ConclusionThis study suggests that oral leukoplakia, especially non‐homogenous and idiopathic forms affects South African blacks less frequently than white South Africans; and in the former, it occurs more in men and at a younger age. These findings may provide some guidance in establishing screening policies for oral cancer, particularly suited for blacks.
Conservation and revised annotation of the Treponema denticola prcB‐prcA‐prtP locus encoding the dentilisin (CTLP) protease complex
Authors: Goetting‐Minesky M.P. , Godovikova V. , Li J.J. , Seshadrinathan S. , Timm J.C. , Kamodia S.S. , Fenno J.C. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryInterstrain differences in antigenic surface proteins may reflect immunological pressure or differences in receptor specificity of the antigen. Treponema denticola exhibits considerable interstrain variability in its major surface protein (Msp), but no studies have addressed this issue in dentilisin (CTLP), a surface protease complex that has a significant role in T. denticola–host interactions in periodontal disease. Furthermore, the genome annotation of the prcB‐prcA‐prtP operon encoding dentilisin contains apparent errors and lacks a deduced PrtP amino acid sequence. To address these issues we analysed the protease operon from diverse T. denticola strains, as well as clones of the ATCC 35405 Type strain from which the genome sequence and original GenBank prtP sequence were derived. 6xHis‐tagging of the PrtP C‐terminus in ATCC 35405 demonstrated absence of the ‘authentic frameshift’ in PrtP reported in the genome databases. We propose that T. denticola genome annotations be updated to reflect this new information. PrcB and the PrtP N‐terminal region that includes the catalytic domain were highly conserved in common laboratory strains and clinical isolates of T. denticola. Dentilisin proteolytic activity varied considerably between strains. Antibodies against PrcB, PrcA and PrtP from the type strain recognized these proteins in most T. denticola strains. PrtP varied up to 20% over the C‐terminal 270 residues between strains. The PrtP C‐terminal eight‐residues (DWFYVEYP) was present in all strains, with two strains containing an additional Y‐residue preceding the stop codon. Such conserved PrtP domains may be required for interactions with PrcA and PrcB, or for substrate interactions.