bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention Effects on Morning and Stimulated Cortisol Responses among Toddlers in Foster Care
Authors: Nelson Elizabeth M. , Spieker Susan J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTToddlers in child welfare often have a dysregulated stress response. We tested whether toddlers with caregivers randomized to a 10‐week attachment‐based intervention, Promoting First Relationships (PFR; J.F. Kelly, D. Sandoval, T.G. Zuckerman, & K. Buehlman, 2008) would show postintervention change in stimulated salivary cortisol patterns during a research home visit involving a separation–reunion procedure, as compared to a condition including child development and resource advice, but no attachment strategies. At baseline and postintervention, toddlers with a caregiver change within 7 weeks of enrollment (n = 48, age 10–25 months) provided four saliva samples during a 1½hr research visit, and samples the next morning. The categorical dependent variable was the pattern of cortisol activity during the course of the postintervention research visit: flat, decreasing, or increasing. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test for postintervention group differences in cortisol patterns, controlling for time of day, child's age, morning cortisol level, and baseline cortisol pattern. At baseline and postintervention, 92% of children demonstrated atypically low morning cortisol (<.21 ig/dL); postintervention, flat, decreasing, and increasing patterns were exhibited by 70, 15, and 15% of the sample, respectively. Significantly more children in the PFR condition showed an increasing pattern. This may signal an intervention effect on separation‐based stress response physiology.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cavaliere M. Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases Edited by W. C. Campbell and R. S. RewCalcium and Cell Physiology Edited by Dierer Marme'Advances in Inflammation Research (Volume 10) Edited by Russo‐Marie, Mencia‐Huerta and ChignardOpioid Analgesics in the Management of Clinical Pain (Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Volume 8) Edited by Kathleen M. Foley and Charles E. InturrisiThe Interferon System Edited by F. Dianzani and G. B. RossiThioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems: Structure and Function Edited by Arne Holmgren, Carl‐Ivar Branden, Hans Jornvall, and Britt‐Marie Sjoberg
Clinical Pharmacology of Dilevalol (II). The Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Tolerance Studies of Dilevalol During Repeated Administration in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Fujimura Akio , Ohashi Kyoichi , Tsuru Masanobu , Ebihara Akio , Kondo Kazuoki 
Published: March 2013

Dilevalol (50 mg) was given orally twice daily for eight days in six healthy subjects. All parameters were obtained following 1st (on day 1) and 15th (on day 8) dosages. Blood samples for plasma drug concentrations were taken for a 12‐hour (after 1st dosage) or a 24‐hour (after 15th dosage) post‐drug period. Blood pressure (BP) as well as heart rate (HR) at supine position, during 50° tilting and during a submaximal exercise were measured after each dosage.The mean time to maximum concentration (tmax) was faster, and the mean area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) was greater after 15th dosage than following 1st dosage. No significant differences were observed in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the distribution half‐life (t1/2α) or the elimination half‐life (t1/2β) between the two dosages. BP at supine position as well as during 50° tilting decreased significantly after each dosage, and did not differ between 1st and 15th dosages. Postural changes in BP or HR during 50° tilting were not induced following 1st or 15th dosage. The suppressing effects (%R) on an increase in HR during a submaximal exercise were significantly larger after 15th dosage than after 1st dosage. A significant correlation was observed between plasma dilevalol concentration and %R in HR.These data indicate that the hypotensive effect of dilevalol is not altered during the repeated administration of the drug for 8 days. However, the β‐blocking activity of dilevalol might be enhanced during the repeated dosages, which is, in part, attributed to dosage‐dependent elevation in plasma drug concentrations.
Influence of Metoprolol CR/ZOK on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI‐1) in Man: A Pilot Study
Authors: Teger‐Nilsson Anne Catherine , Dahlöf Carl , Haglund Elisabeth , Hedman Christer , Olsson Gunnar , Åblad Bengt 
Published: March 2013

Recent primary and secondary preventive trials have shown that long‐term metoprolol therapy reduces the risk of acute cardiovascular complications. To test whether part of this beneficial long‐term effect may he due to effects on the fibrinolytic system, three pilot studies were performed; two in healthy individuals, and one in patients with mild hypertension or uncomplicated atrial fibrillation. The effect of metoprolol CR/ZOK (controlled release) 100–200 mg daily, on plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI‐1) in plasma was measured. In addition serum triglycerides and orosomucoid were analyzed.All the individuals were included in double‐blind placebo controlled cross‐over trials with treatment periods ranging from 4 days to 3 weeks. During metoprolol therapy PAI‐1 values were reduced, while orosomucoid and triglyceride levels were unchanged. A linear inverse correlation was found between fibrinolysis and PAI‐1 activity in plasma, indicating that PAI‐1 activity serves as an indicator of fibrinolysis. PAI‐1 activity and triglycerides were significantly correlated during placebo and metoprolol therapy.In conclusion, our results in these pilot studies suggest that metoprolol enhances fibrinolytic activity as seen by reduced PAI‐1 activity. These results should be further confirmed and put into relation of clinical effects of the therapy.
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Primary Care: An Elective for Fourth‐Year Medical Students
Authors: Ellison Mark J. , Cummings Doyle M. , Worthington Ralph C. , Bremer C. Christopher 
Published: March 2013

A 1‐month elective course in clinical pharmacology in primary care has been developed and is offered six times a year for fourth‐year medical students. The major course objective is to teach the student to apply the principles of rational therapeutics in the routine practice of primary care.The faculty includes clinical pharmacists and primary care physicians from the Department of Family Medicine. Two students each month rotate through a combined didactic and experiential curriculum oriented toward the rational selection and monitoring of drugs in inpatient and outpatient settings. Students interact daily with faculty members and have ample opportunity to evaluate drug therapy regimens and assist in designing new therapeutic strategies. Students are evaluated on their performance in conferences, written consultations, and oral case challenges.Evaluations by students indicate that this elective is a valuable educational experience.
Strategies for improving family engagement during family‐centered rounds
Authors: Kelly Michelle M. , Xie Anping , Carayon Pascale , DuBenske Lori L. , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Cox Elizabeth D. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDFamily‐centered rounds (FCR) are recommended as standard practice in the pediatric inpatient setting; however, limited data exist on best practices promoting family engagement during rounds.OBJECTIVETo identify strategies to enhance family engagement during FCR using a recognized systems engineering approach.METHODSIn this qualitative study, stimulated recall interviews using video‐recorded rounding sessions were conducted with participants representing the various stakeholders on rounds (15 parents/children and 22 healthcare team [HCT] members) from 4 inpatient services at a children's hospital in Wisconsin. On video review, participants were asked to provide strategies that would increase family engagement on FCR. Qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts was performed in an iterative process.RESULTSWe identified 21 categories of strategies corresponding to 2 themes related to the structure and process of FCR. Strategies related to the structure of FCR were associated with all five recognized work system elements: people (HCT composition), tasks (HCT roles), organization (scheduling of rounds and HCT training), environment (location of rounds and HCT positioning), and tools and technologies (computer use). Strategies related to the FCR process were associated with three rounding phases: before (HCT and family preparation), during (eg, introductions, presentation content, communication style), and after (follow‐up) FCR.CONCLUSIONSWe identified a range of strategies to enhance family engagement during FCR. These strategies both confirm prior work on the importance of the content and style of communication on rounds and highlight other factors within the hospital work system, like scheduling and computer use, which may affect family engagement in care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:201–207. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
‐corrected water–fat imaging using compressed sensing and parallel imaging
Authors: Wiens Curtis N. , McCurdy Colin M. , Willig‐Onwuachi Jacob D. , McKenzie Charles A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo demonstrate an approach to water–fat separation with
correction using compressed sensing and parallel imaging.MethodsAcquisition times for chemical shift based water–fat separation imaging are lengthy, and many applications rely on image acceleration techniques. In this study, we present an integrated compressed sensing, parallel imaging,
corrected water–fat separation technique for water–fat imaging of highly accelerated acquisitions. Reconstruction times are reduced using coil compression.ResultsThe proposed technique is demonstrated using a customized IDEAL‐SPGR pulse sequence to acquire retrospectively and prospectively undersampled datasets of the liver, calf, knee, and abdominal cavity. This technique is shown to offer comparable image quality relative to fully sampled reference images for a range of acceleration factors. At high acceleration factors, this technique is shown to offer improved image quality over parallel imaging.ConclusionA technique is described that uses compressed sensing and parallel imaging to reconstruct
‐corrected water and fat images from accelerated datasets. Acceleration factors as high as 7.0 are shown with excellent image quality. These high acceleration factors enable water–fat separation with higher resolution or greater anatomical coverage in breath‐hold applications. Magn Reson Med 71:608–616, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intramolecular zero‐quantum‐coherence 2D NMR spectroscopy of lipids in the human breast at 7 T
Authors: de Graaf Robin A. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Luijten Peter R. , Boer Vincent O. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeIntramolecular zero‐quantum‐coherences (ZQCs) are intrinsically insensitive toward magnetic field inhomogeneity. This fact is used to quantify and characterize lipid signals in the human breast at 7 T despite the presence of severe magnetic field inhomogeneity caused by water–lipid susceptibility boundaries.MethodsA novel 3D localized 2D ZQC method is presented. The combination of cardiac/respiratory triggering and post‐acquisition navigator echo correction provides high‐quality 2D NMR spectra in vivo.ResultsThe lipid profile of the human breast could be quantified by 2D ZQC NMR in 100% of the subjects despite a wide range of magnetic field homogeneity. With conventional 1D 1H MRS, the magnetic field homogeneity was only adequate in 60% of the subjects. The results from 2D ZQC NMR and 1D NMR are in good correspondence, both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionIt has been demonstrated that high quality and quantitative 2D ZQC NMR spectra can be acquired from human breast tissue at 7 T. While the simplicity and sensitivity of 1D MRS are preferable when the magnetic field homogeneity is adequate, the 2D ZQC method provides a viable alternative in cases where this requirement cannot be met. Magn Reson Med 71:451–457, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic detection of small bowel contraction frequencies in motility plots using lomb‐scargle periodogram and sinus‐fitting method—initial experience
Authors: Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Cattin Roger , Froehlich Johannes M. , Raible Stephan , Bouquet Hanspeter , Bill Urs , Patak Michael A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeContraction frequencies are an important parameter for the analysis of bowel motility in MRI. The contraction curve can be rather noisy and the frequency‐evaluation might be difficult. The aim was to evaluate manual calculations of small bowel contraction frequency in comparison with automatic calculations using two mathematically established methods.MethodsThe institutional‐review‐board approved study consisted of 48 segmental small‐bowel motility‐plots out of a previous study with 25 patients (15 men/10 women; mean 39 years, standard deviation ± 14.67) undergoing MRI (1.5 T, GE‐Medical Systems; two‐dimensional‐Fiesta, pulse repetition time 2.91, echo time 1.25, flip‐angle 45°, matrix 256 × 256, slice thickness 10 mm) were evaluated. Calculations of contraction frequency was performed either manually or using Lomb‐Scargle‐periodograms and Sinus‐Fitting method. The results were compared using intraclass correlation coefficient, Friedman's‐test and Wilcoxon‐matched‐paired‐signed‐rank‐test (P < 0.05 considered statistically significant).ResultsMean contraction frequency was 5.69 (standard deviation ± 1.99) for manual calculations showing moderate interreader reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.72; 95% confidence‐interval: 0.59;0.82). No significant difference (P = 0.776) was found to Lomb‐Scargle‐periodograms (5.34 contractions‐per‐minute [cpm], standard deviation ± 2.47; P = 0.174) and to the sinus‐fitting‐method (5.47 cpm; standard deviation ± 2.57; P = 0.0779). For the latter calculations failed in 3/48 plots, while manual and Lomb‐Scargle‐periodograms could be performed successfully in all 48/48 plots.ConclusionHerein, we could show that Lomb‐Scargle‐periodograms and Sinus‐Fitting are fast and reliable methods to automatically measure small‐bowel contraction frequencies even in noisy small bowel motility plots. Magn Reson Med 71:628–634, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial input to output impacts in DEA: Production considerations and resource sharing among business subunits
Authors: Imanirad Raha , Cook Wade D. , Zhu Joe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for evaluating the relative efficiencies of peer decision‐making units (DMUs), in a multiple input/output setting. Although it is generally assumed that all outputs are impacted by all inputs, there are many situations where this may not be the case. This article extends the conventional DEA methodology to allow for the measurement of technical efficiency in situations where only partial input‐to‐output impacts exist. The new methodology involves viewing the DMU as a business unit, consisting of a set of mutually exclusive subunits, each of which can be treated in the conventional DEA sense. A further consideration involves the imposition of constraints in the form of assurance regions (AR) on pairs of multipliers. These AR constraints often arise at the level of the subunit, and as a result, there can be multiple and often inconsistent AR constraints on any given variable pair. We present a methodology for resolving such inconsistencies. To demonstrate the overall methodology, we apply it to the problem of evaluating the efficiencies of a set of steel fabrication plants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Uncertainty quantification of high‐dimensional complex systems by multiplicative polynomial dimensional decompositions
Authors: Yadav Vaibhav , Rahman Sharif 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThe central theme of this paper is multiplicative polynomial dimensional decomposition (PDD) methods for solving high‐dimensional stochastic problems. When a stochastic response is dominantly of multiplicative nature, the standard PDD approximation, predicated on additive function decomposition, may not provide sufficiently accurate probabilistic solutions of a complex system. To circumvent this problem, two multiplicative versions of PDD, referred to as factorized PDD and logarithmic PDD, were developed. Both versions involve a hierarchical, multiplicative decomposition of a multivariate function, a broad range of orthonormal polynomial bases for Fourier‐polynomial expansions of component functions, and a dimension‐reduction or sampling technique for estimating the expansion coefficients. Three numerical problems involving mathematical functions or uncertain dynamic systems were solved to corroborate how and when a multiplicative PDD is more efficient or accurate than the additive PDD. The results show that indeed, both the factorized and logarithmic PDD approximations can effectively exploit the hidden multiplicative structure of a stochastic response when it exists. Since a multiplicative PDD recycles the same component functions of the additive PDD, no additional cost is incurred. Finally, the random eigensolutions of a sport utility vehicle comprising 40 random variables were evaluated, demonstrating the ability of the new methods to solve industrial‐scale problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with temperature‐sensitive poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) homopolymers in membrane pores
Authors: Chen Xi , Shi Congcong , Wang Zeya , He Yang , Bi Shiyin , Feng Xia , Chen Li 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) blend membranes with different PNIPAM contents are prepared by phase inversion of PNIPAM and PVDF in aqueous medium. The membranes are characterized by thermal gravimetric analyses, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope photographs. The results indicate that PNIPAM chains are largely distributed in membrane pore other than membrane surface, and furthermore, with the increase of PNIPAM content, the porous size, porosity, and water flux through the membrane increase, the hydrophilicity and antiprotein fouling are enhanced. The blend membrane exhibits temperature‐sensitive permeability to aqueous solutions, with the most drastic change being observed at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM (around 32°C). Below the LCST, the blend membrane shows a high protein rejection and a low water flux; above the LCST, the blend membrane shows a low protein rejection and a high water flux. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mechanical and morphological properties of wood plastic composites based on municipal plastic waste
Authors: Kazemi Yasamin , Cloutier Alain , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractProduction and characterization of wood plastic composites (WPC) from the light fraction of municipal plastic wastes (post‐consumer) and wood processing residues (sawdust) were investigated. Composition analysis revealed the presence of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) as the two main components of the matrix. In order to improve compatibility and adhesion between all the phases, an ethylene–octene copolymer was used to compatibilize the polymer phases and was also acting as an impact modifier, while the addition of maleated polyethylene and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) were acting as coupling agents between the polymer matrix and the wood flour. The combined effect of all the components was found to produce composites with interesting morphological (dispersion and adhesion) and mechanical properties (tension, torsion, flexion, and impact) after optimization of the additive package (blend of coupling agents). POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluating the introduction of a computerized prior‐authorization system on the completeness of drug exposure data
Authors: Gamble John‐Michael , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Majumdar Sumit R. , McAlister Finlay A. , Simpson Scot H. , Eurich Dean T. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeAdministrative databases that only capture records for benefit‐approved prescriptions may underestimate exposure because they do not capture non‐benefit prescriptions. Using a natural experiment, we illustrate the impact of automating a prior‐authorization policy on the completeness of drug exposure.MethodsUsing Saskatchewan (Canada) databases, weekly counts of benefit‐approved and total prescription records in 2006 for new users of antidiabetic agents were examined across four categories: thiazolidinediones (TZDs), metformin, glyburide, and insulin. On July 1, 2006, Saskatchewan's public drug plan implemented an automated, online‐adjudicated, prior‐authorization process for TZDs; previously, prior approval was paper based. No such policy changes occurred for other drugs. We estimated the effect of this policy change on drug exposure using interrupted time‐series analyses.ResultsWe examined 223 552 prescription records: 19% were for TZDs, 48% for metformin, 20% for glyburide, and 13% for insulin. Prior to automation, there were, on average, 571 benefit‐approved TZD records per week; however, the number of benefit‐approved TZD records increased immediately after the automated process was introduced by 240 prescriptions per week (95% CI 200–280, p < 0.001). The average proportion of TZD benefit‐approved records was 73% before and increased to 93% immediately following policy change (20% absolute change, 95% CI 18.7–20.4%). No changes were observed for metformin, glyburide, or insulin (p > 0.1 for all).ConclusionsAutomating prior authorization for TZDs immediately increased the proportion of captured TZD records, suggesting in our study that one‐fifth of TZD exposure was previously misclassified. If replicable, this indicates that even subtle changes in reimbursement policy may affect the validity of drug exposure data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser Ignition of Nano‐Composite Energetic Loose Powders
Authors: Stacy Shawn C. , Pantoya Michelle L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLaser ignition experiments were conducted to better understand parameters that influence ignition of energetic materials. A Nd:YAG laser (10 ms, 1.5 J, 3 mm spot diameter) was used to heat the top surface of an energetic powder composed of nanometric aluminum (Al) combined stoichiometrically with an oxidizer (copper oxide (CuO), iodine pentoxide (I2O5), polytetrafluoroethylene (C2F4), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) or iron oxide (Fe2O3)). Ignition delay time was calculated as the difference between first light of the laser’s flash lamp and the energetic material. Results show that laser energy required for ignition is dependent on pre‐ignition reactions, phase change/decomposition temperatures, confinement, and laser absorbance.