bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Quality of Biomarker Discovery Research: The Right Samples and Enough of Them
Authors: Pepe Margaret S. , Li Christopher I. , Feng Ziding 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground: Biomarker discovery research has yielded few biomarkers that validate for clinical use. A contributing factor may be poor study designs.Methods: The goal in discovery research is to identify a subset of potentially useful markers from a large set of candidates assayed on case and control samples. We recommend the PRoBE design for selecting samples. We propose sample size calculations that require specifying: (i) a definition for biomarker performance; (ii) the proportion of useful markers the study should identify (Discovery Power); and (iii) the tolerable number of useless markers amongst those identified (False Leads Expected, FLE).Results: We apply the methodology to a study of 9,000 candidate biomarkers for risk of colon cancer recurrence where a useful biomarker has positive predictive value ≥ 30%. We find that 40 patients with recurrence and 160 without recurrence suffice to filter out 98% of useless markers (2% FLE) while identifying 95% of useful biomarkers (95% Discovery Power). Alternative methods for sample size calculation required more assumptions.Conclusions: Biomarker discovery research should utilize quality biospecimen repositories and include sample sizes that enable markers meeting prespecified performance characteristics for well-defined clinical applications to be identified.Impact: The scientific rigor of discovery research should be improved. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(6); 944–50. ©2015 AACR.
Upregulation of Periostin and Reactive Stroma Is Associated with Primary Chemoresistance and Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ryner Lisa , Guan Yinghui , Firestein Ron , Xiao Yuanyuan , Choi Younjeong , Rabe Christina , Lu Shan , Fuentes Eloisa , Huw Ling-Yuh , Lackner Mark R. , Fu Ling , Amler Lukas C. , Bais Carlos , Wang Yulei 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Up to one third of ovarian cancer patients are intrinsically resistant to platinum-based treatment. However, predictive and therapeutic strategies are lacking due to a poor understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to identify key molecular characteristics that are associated with primary chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancers.
Experimental Design: Gene expression profiling was performed on a discovery set of 85 ovarian tumors with clinically well-defined response to chemotherapies as well as on an independent validation dataset containing 138 ovarian patients from the chemotreatment arm of the ICON7 trial.
Results: We identified a distinct “reactive stroma” gene signature that is specifically associated with primary chemoresistant tumors and was further upregulated in posttreatment recurrent tumors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH) analyses on three of the highest-ranked signature genes (POSTN, LOX, and FAP) confirmed that modulation of the reactive stroma signature genes within the peritumoral stromal compartments was specifically associated with the clinical chemoresistance. Consistent with these findings, chemosensitive ovarian cells grown in the presence of recombinant POSTN promoted resistance to carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment in vitro. Finally, we validated the reactive stroma signature in an independent dataset and demonstrated that a high POSTN expression level predicts shorter progression-free survival following first-line chemotherapy.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the important interplay between cancer and the tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer biology and treatment. The identified reactive stromal components in this study provide a molecular basis to the further development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(13); 2941–51. ©2015 AACR.
Weighing in on the Body Knowledge Questionnaire
Authors: Hernandez David A. , Hernandez Cheri Ann 
Published: April 2015

Purpose The purpose of this research was to develop and pilot test the Body Knowledge Questionnaire (BKQ), an instrument that measures weight management integration, and to determine its reliability and validit.y Methods The 27 items of the BKQ were developed through review of the literature on integration and weight management/obesity. The resulting BKQ was pilot tested with 4 groups of individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the BKQ, and discriminant function analysis and logistic regression were used to establish criterion-related validity. Scale reliability analysis was used to determine the internal consistency of the BKQ and its subscales. Results Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 2-factor solution, with factor loadings that were fair to excellent (.45-.81). Discriminant function analysis determined that the BKQ subscales could accurately predict the classification of participants into normal- and obese-weight groups. Results of the logistic regression showed that the BKQ could reliably distinguish between normal- and obese-weight participants. Internal consistency of the overall BKQ was .87, .89, and .73 for the subscales, Food Centricity and Psychosomatic Awareness. Conclusions This research provided preliminary evidence of the validity (content, construct, and criterion) and reliability (internal consistency) of the BKQ. With additional psychometric testing, the BKQ instrument has great potential for use in weight management practice areas, such as diabetes education, dietetics, nursing, and psychology, for use in individual or group weight management programs and program evaluation; or in the development of novel weight management interventions.
Cone beam computed tomography images fusion in predicting lung ablation volumes: a feasibility study
Authors: Ierardi Anna Maria , Petrillo Mario , Xhepa Genti , Laganà Domenico , Piacentino Filippo , Floridi Chiara , Duka Ejona , Fugazzola Carlo , Carrafiello Gianpaolo 
Published: March 2015

Background Recently different software with the ability to plan ablation volumes have been developed in order to minimize the number of attempts of positioning electrodes and to improve a safe overall tumor coverage. Purpose To assess the feasibility of three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (3D CBCT) fusion imaging with “virtual probe” positioning, to predict ablation volume in lung tumors treated percutaneously. Material and Methods Pre-procedural computed tomography contrast-enhanced scans (CECT) were merged with a CBCT volume obtained to plan the ablation. An offline tumor segmentation was performed to determine the number of antennae and their positioning within the tumor. The volume of ablation obtained, evaluated on CECT performed after 1 month, was compared with the pre-procedural predicted one. Feasibility was assessed on the basis of accuracy evaluation (visual evaluation [VE] and quantitative evaluation [QE]), technical success (TS), and technical effectiveness (TE). Results Seven of the patients with lung tumor treated by percutaneous thermal ablation were selected and treated on the basis of the 3D CBCT fusion imaging. In all cases the volume of ablation predicted was in accordance with that obtained. The difference in volume between predicted ablation volumes and obtained ones on CECT at 1 month was 1.8 cm3 (SD ± 2, min. 0.4, max. 0.9) for MW and 0.9 cm3 (SD ± 1.1, min. 0.1, max. 0.7) for RF. Conclusion Use of pre-procedural 3D CBCT fusion imaging could be useful to define expected ablation volumes. However, more patients are needed to ensure stronger evidence.
Prescribing opioid analgesics for chronic non-malignant pain in general practice – a survey of attitudes and practice
Authors: Blake Holly , Leighton Paul , van der Walt Gerrie , Ravenscroft Andrew 
Published: March 2015

Background: This study replicates a previous postal survey of general practitioners (GPs) to explore whether attitudes to opioid prescribing have changed at a time when the number of opioid prescriptions issued in primary care has increased. Methods: With permission, a 57-item survey instrument previously utilised with GPs in the South-west of England was circulated to 214 GPs in city-centre practices in the East Midlands. The survey instrument included items relating to practice context, prescribing patterns and attitudes about analgesic medication, perceived prescribing frequency and reluctance to prescribe. Results: Responses were received from 94 GPs (45%). Almost three-quarters (72.7%) of GPs reported that they sometimes or frequently prescribed strong opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. Over two-thirds (67.8%) reported that they were sometimes or frequently reluctant to prescribe strong opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. No significant relationships were observed between perceived frequency of prescribing and a range of demographic factors; however, concerns about ‘physical dependence’, ‘long-term commitment to prescribing’ and ‘media reports’ were associated with less frequent reported prescribing of, and greater reluctance to prescribe, strong opioids. Discussion: Given the national trend for increased opioid prescriptions, it is unsurprising that more frequent self-reported prescribing is reported here; however, increased frequency does not translate into less reluctance about prescribing. The effectiveness of strong opioids for chronic pain is recognised, but concerns about addiction, dependence and misuse inform a reluctance to use strong opioids. These juxtapositions highlight a continued need for clearer understanding of GPs’ perceptions of strong opioids and point to the potential benefit of dedicated guidelines or specialist education and training to address their uncertainties.
Differential systemic exposure to galangin after oral and intravenous administration to rats
Authors: Chen Feng , Tan Yin-Feng , Li Hai-Long , Qin Zhen-Miao , Cai Hong-Die , Lai Wei-Yong , Zhang Xiao-Po , Li Yong-Hui , Guan Wei-Wei , Li You-Bin , Zhang Jun-Qing 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is present in high concentrations in herbal medicine such as Alpinia officinarum Hance. Galangin shows multifaceted in vitro and in vivo biological activities. The number and position of hydroxyl groups in this molecule play an important role in these biological activities. However, these hydroxyl groups undergo glucuronidation and sulfation in in vitro assay system. However, the systemic exposure to galangin after dosing in animals and/or humans remains largely unknown. Thus it is not clear whether the galangin exists in the body at concentrations high enough for the biological effects. Furthermore, the metabolite identification and the corresponding plasma pharmacokinetics need to be characterized.

Results
Two LC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated and successfully applied to analyze the parent drug molecules and aglycones liberated from plasma samples via β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Our major findings were as follows: (1) The routes of administration showed significant influences on the systemic exposure of galangin and its metabolites. (2) Galangin was preferentially glucuronidated after p.o. dosing but sulfated after i.v. medication. (3) Kaempferol conjugates were detected demonstrating that oxidation reaction occurred; however, both glucuronidation and sulfation were more efficient. (4) Oral bioavailability of free parent galangin was very low.

Conclusions
Systemic exposure to galangin and its metabolites was different in rat plasma between oral and intravenous administration. Further research is needed to characterize the structures of galangin conjugates and to evaluate the biological activities of these metabolites.
Accidental exposures to peanut in a large cohort of Canadian children with peanut allergy
Authors: Cherkaoui Sabrine , Ben‐Shoshan Moshe , Alizadehfar Reza , Asai Yuka , Chan Edmond , Cheuk Stephen , Shand Greg , St‐Pierre Yvan , Harada Laurie , Allen Mary , Clarke Ann 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe previously estimated that the annual rate of accidental exposure to peanut in 1411 children with peanut allergy, followed for 2227 patient‐years, was 11.9% (95% CI, 10.6, 13.5). This cohort has increased to 1941 children, contributing 4589 patient‐years, and we determined the annual incidence of accidental exposure, described the severity, management, location, and identified associated factors.FindingsChildren with physician‐confirmed peanut allergy were recruited from Canadian allergy clinics and allergy advocacy organizations from 2004 to May 2014. Parents completed questionnaires regarding accidental exposure to peanut over the preceding year. Five hundred and sixty‐seven accidental exposures occurred in 429 children over 4589 patient‐years, yielding an annual incidence rate of 12.4% (95% CI, 11.4, 13.4). Of 377 accidental exposures that were moderate or severe, only 109 (28.9%) sought medical attention and of these 109, only 40 (36.7%) received epinephrine. Of the 181 moderate/severe accidental exposures treated outside a health care facility, only 11.6% received epinephrine. Thirty‐seven percent of accidental exposures occurred at home. In multivariate analyses, longer disease duration, recruitment through an allergy advocacy association, and having other food allergies decreased the likelihood of accidental exposures. Age ≥ 13 years at study entry and living with a single parent increased the risk.ConclusionDespite increased awareness, accidental exposures continue to occur, mainly at home, and most are managed inappropriately by both health care professionals and caregivers. Consequently, more education is required on the importance of strict allergen avoidance and the need for prompt and correct management of anaphylaxis.
Language Landscape: A digital platform for mapping languages
Authors: Dohle Ebany , Grzech Karolina , Hemmings Charlotte 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Language Landscape (LL) is a non-profit organization set up by a group of postgraduate linguistics students in 2011. It comprises of an interactive online map (languagelandscape.org), which is the main focus of this article, and educational outreach projects. The LL Mapping model relies not on representing languages per se, but rather on using instances of language use as data points. This method can be particularly useful for mapping language variation and multilingualism, especially in urban contexts. Through digitization, LL reaches a wide audience of educators, primary and secondary school students, university students, academic researchers, minority and endangered language communities and finally, social media users.
Patógenos associados a doenças de plantas ornamentais no Estado do Ceará
Authors: DAS CHAGAS OLIVEIRA FREIRE FRANCISCO , LUIZ MOSCA JOSÉ 
Published: March 2015

<p>Este trabalho consta de uma lista patógenos associados a doenças de plantas ornamentais no Estado do Ceará. Os fungos <em>Cercospora apii</em>, <em>Chalara paradoxa</em>,<em> Corynespora cassiicola</em>, <em>Cylindrocladium candelabrum</em>, <em>Sphaeropsis</em> sp., <em>Plasmopora halstedii</em>, <em>Uredo anthuri</em> e <em>Zygosporium </em>sp., as bactérias <em>Pectobacterium </em>sp., <em>Dickeya chrysanthemi</em>,<em> Ralstonia solanacearum</em> raça 2 e <em>Xanthomonas axonopodisis</em> pv. <em>dieffenbachiae</em>, <em>Chrysantemum stem necrosis virus </em>bem como a “faixa clorótica do tapeinóquilos” (<em>Rhabdovirus</em>)são relatados pela primeira vez associados a plantas ornamentais no Estado do Ceará. As plantas <em>Anthurium andreanum</em>, <em>Chrysanthemum morifolium</em>,<em> Codiaeum variegatum Duranta repens </em>var.<em> aurea</em>, <em> Etlingera elatior</em>, <em>Heliconia</em> spp., <em>Gomphrena globosa</em>, <em> Jatropha podagrica </em>e <em>Sansevieria cylindrica</em> são registradas como novas hospedeiras de nematóides do gênero <em>Meloidogyne</em>. O elevado número de patógenos associados a plantas ornamentais no Ceará tem sido acrescido de novos fitopatógenos, pela introdução indiscriminada de material propagativo infectado, adquirido em outros estados brasileiros. <strong></strong></p>
Efeito de diferentes substratos e adubação fosfatada no crescimento de mudas de Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) A. Henry ex Rehder (Palmeira-ráfia)
Authors: Luz Petterson Baptista da , Paiva Patricia Duarte de Oliveira , Tavares Armando Reis , Kanashiro Shoey , Aguiar Francismar Francisco Alves 
Published: March 2015

<p>Palmeira-ráfia (Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) A. Henry ex Rehder) é uma das palmeiras ornamentais mais cultivadas em todo mundo, indicada principalmente para vasos e áreas de sombra. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de<br />substratos no crescimento de mudas da palmeira-ráfia. Foram utilizadas 240 plantas com aproximadamente um ano de idade, plantadas em sacos de polietileno de 2,5 litros, contendo os diferentes tratamentos. Para a composição dos substratos, foram utilizados terra, esterco de curral, areia e casca de arroz carbonizada, em todas as combinações possíveis, nas mesmas proporções, com e sem a aplicação de superfosfato simples (10 g L-1 substrato), totalizando 30 tratamentos. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições e duas plantas por parcela. As variáveis analisadas foram altura da planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule e número de brotações. Verificou-se para todos os parâmetros a superioridade do substrato constituído por esterco, em relação aos demais. Os substratos constituídos por 1 terra + 1 esterco + 1 areia, 1 terra + 1 esterco + 1 casca de arroz carbonizada e 1 terra + 1 esterco + 1 areia + 1 casca de arroz carbonizada proporcionaram<br />a formação de mudas com qualidade equivalente ao substrato constituído por apenas esterco. Não houve resposta da R. excelsa à adubação fosfatada.</p>
Desenvolvimento de software para o planejamento da arborização urbana
Authors: Landgraf Paulo Roberto Correa , Paiva Patricia Duarte de Oliveira , Reis Leandro Aparecido 
Published: March 2015

<p>Em função das informações necessárias ao adequado planejamento e manejo da arborização, é indispensável que estes estejam organizados por meio de um sistema computadorizado, com o objetivo de elaborar um software para o planejamento da arborização urbana, de acordo com os diferentes locais e situações de plantio, permitindo realizar, por meio deste, a indicação de espécies corretas para a arborização urbana. Para a obtenção dos dados, foram realizados levantamentos das características das espécies vegetais, gerando dados para registro no sistema. Destas espécies, foram registradas características como: altura, diâmetro de copa, altura da bifurcação, folhas, flores (cor e época de floração), tipo de raiz, tipo de tronco, sanidade, entre outras. O software desenvolvido permite a seleção de espécies apropriadas para um determinado projeto, oferecendo opções ao usuário para escolha. O programa gera consultas e relatórios com os dados conforme a característica<br />do projeto, sendo possível a impressão dos dados das árvores escolhidas, tais como: nome comum, nome cientifico,<br />família, imagem e características da espécie.</p>
Ocorrência e danos causados por Pygiopachymerus lineola (Chevrolat, 1971) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) em frutos de Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpiniaceae: Caesalpinioideae) em Maceió, Brasil
Authors: Costa Emmelyne Ketllen Soares Luz da , Lima Iracilda Maria de Moura , Oliveira Thais Ranielle Souza de 
Published: March 2015

<p> <em>Cassia fistula </em>L<em>. </em>(Caesalpiniaceae: Caesalpinioideae) é uma planta ornamental conhecida pelos nomes populares de canafístula, cássia–imperial ou cássia–chuva–de–ouro. Originária da Ásia, também se encontra nos continentes americano e africano, sendo uma das mais utilizadas em projetos de paisagismo, produção de mudas e de arborização urbana no Brasil pela beleza de suas grandes inflorescências pendentes amarelas. Sabe–se que muitas espécies arbóreas têm suas semen­tes significativamente danificadas por vários grupos de insetos, destacando–se os carunchos (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), que inviabilizam as sementes e consequentemente a produção das mudas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determi­nar os agentes de controle natural das sementes de <em>C</em>. <em>fistula </em>(predadores de sementes), através da determinação da espécie envolvida na predação, a razão de viabilidade dos ovos e a descrição de alguns aspectos de funções biológicas (alimentação e reprodução). O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Entomologia, Museu de História Natural, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió. Foram recolhidas 20 vagens de <em>C</em>. <em>fistula </em>de cada planta em três bairros de Maceió. As vagens estavam completamente desenvolvidas, secas e com ovos em sua superfície. Os insetos foram acondicionados em álcool 70% e iden­tificados em nível de espécie. Na amostra A, 89% das vagens apresentaram indícios de predação; em B, 95%; e em C, 88%. O número de orifícios / vagem nas amostras A, B e C foi respectivamente: 3 a 26, 1 a 19 e 1 a 18. O número de predadores / vagem foi: em A de 10 a 26, em B de 1 a 8, e em C de 2 a 14. Para as três amostras observou–se correlação positiva alta (r &gt; 0,8), revelando que o número de orifícios é muito aproximado ao número de insetos que saem das vagens. Quanto à viabilidade dos ovos verificou–se: em A, 84,2% de vagens com ovos viáveis; em B, 100%; e em C, 83,3%.</p>
Desenvolvimento de gladíolos em função da adubação nitrogenada e diâmetro do cormo
Authors: Rosa Yara Brito Chaim Jardim , Wollemberg Simone , Silva Eulene Francisco da , Rosa Junior Edgard Jardim , Nunes Mônica Franco , Sorgato José Carlos , Rosa Derek Brito Chaim Jardim , Soares Jackeline Schultz , Rosa Camila Soares Lemes 
Published: March 2015

<p> O gladíolo é uma das plantas ornamentais mais cultivadas no Brasil, entretanto poucas são as informações científicas relacionadas à cultura. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada e tamanho do cormo no crescimento e floração de <em>Gladiolus grandiflorus </em>‘San Remo’. O experimento foi conduzido na área de Jardinocultura da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) em Dourados – MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteira­mente casualizado e os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas dos diâmetros dos bulbos (grandes entre 40 e 55 mm; médios entre 20 e 40 mm e pequenos inferior a 10 mm), e as subparcelas de três doses de nitrogênio (30, 50 e 70 kg ha-1), com 10 repetições. Foram avaliados o número de folhas, o comprimento da folha, o início da floração, o número de botões por espiga floral, a durabilidade da flor, a duração da floração e o número de cormilhos. As hastes florais produzidas foram classificadas como Classe III. A adubação nitrogenada foi mais eficiente para o crescimento de cormos de tamanho médio e pequeno, sendo que doses superiores a 50 kg ha -1 promoveram os melhores resultados. Em relação à floração, cormos de tamanho grande e a adubação nitrogenada de 30 kg ha -1 atrasaram seu início. Recomenda-se a utilização de cormos de tamanho médio e adubação nitrogenada de 50 kg ha -1 para o cultivo de <em>Gladiolus grandiflorus </em>‘San Remo’.</p>