bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry of Chiral (+)‐Camphor‐Based Aminoboranes
Authors: Lindqvist Markus , Axenov Kirill , Nieger Martin , Räisänen Minna , Leskelä Markku , Repo Timo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDimethylamino‐(+)‐camphorenamine reacted with an equimolar amount of Piers’ borane, HB(C6F5)2, to give the corresponding iminium–hydroborate zwitterionic salt. Being in equilibrium with the parent enamine–HB(C6F5)2 N–B pair, this salt was able to split hydrogen heterolytically, hydrogenating the iminium group in the molecule. Detailed studies revealed that the hydrogen splitting in this reaction proceeded through an intermolecular pathway leading to a bornylamine–HB(C6F5)2 adduct. When the starting enamine is present in excess over HB(C6F5)2, the produced bornylamine–HB(C6F5)2 adduct breaks up, eliminating free bornylamine and forming the initial camphorenamine– HB(C6F5)2 pair. This results in hydrogenation of the camphorenamine framework in a catalytic fashion.
Recent Developments in Colloidal Synthesis of CuInSe2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Witt Elena , Kolny‐Olesiak Joanna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTernary semiconductor nanocrystals, such as CuInSe2, are of high interest for photovoltaic application due to their relatively low toxicity and unique properties. During the last decades great success has been achieved in the colloidal synthesis of binary nanoparticles, but for ternary compounds this research is still in an early stage of development. These materials are a challenge for synthetic chemistry, because the interaction between the three components (copper, indium, and selenium) plays a major role for the production of high quality material. The purpose of this Minireview is to provide a summary of the achievements in colloidal synthesis of CuInSe2 nanoparticles—in particular, details of reaction mechanism and its characterization possibilities, which might be useful also for the colloidal synthesis of other multicomponent systems.
A Connection to the Past: Monodelphis domestica Provides Insight Into the Organization and Connectivity of the Brains of Early Mammals
Authors: Dooley James C. , Franca João G. , Seelke Adele M.H. , Cooke Dylan F. , Krubitzer Leah A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe current experiment is one of a series of comparative studies in our laboratory designed to determine the network of somatosensory areas that are present in the neocortex of the mammalian common ancestor. Such knowledge is critical for appreciating the basic functional circuitry that all mammals possess and how this circuitry was modified to generate species‐specific, sensory‐mediated behavior. Our animal model, the gray short‐tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), is a marsupial that is proposed to represent this ancestral state more closely than most other marsupials and, to some extent, even monotremes. We injected neuroanatomical tracers into the primary somatosensory area (S1), rostral and caudal somatosensory fields (SR and SC, respectively), and multimodal cortex (MM) and determined their connections with other architectonically defined cortical fields. Our results show that S1 has dense intrinsic connections, dense projections from the frontal myelinated area (FM), and moderate projections from S2 and SC. SR has strong projections from several areas, including S1, SR, FM, and piriform cortex. SC has dense projections from S1, moderate to strong projections from other somatosensory areas, FM, along with connectivity from the primary (V1) and second visual areas. Finally, MM had dense intrinsic connections, dense projections from SC and V1, and moderate projections from S1. These data support the proposition that ancestral mammals likely had at least four specifically interconnected somatosensory areas, along with at least one multimodal area. We discuss the possibility that these additional somatosensory areas (SC and SR) are homologous to somatosensory areas in eutherian mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3877–3897, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic Sensitizers Featuring a Planar Indeno[1,2‐b]‐thiophene for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lim Kimin , Ju Myung Jong , Song Juman , Choi In Taek , Do Kwangsuk , Choi Hyeju , Song Kihyung , Kim Hwan Kyu , Ko Jaejung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn efficient organic sensitizer (JK‐306) featuring a planar indeno[1,2‐b]thiophene as the π‐linker of a bridging unit for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was synthesized. The sensitizer had a strong molar absorption coefficient and a red‐shifted absorption band compared with JK‐305, which resulted in a significant increase in the short‐circuit photocurrent density. We incorporated a highly congested bulky amino group into the 2′,4′‐dihexyloxybiphenyl‐4‐yl moiety, an electron donor, to diminish the charge recombination and to prevent aggregation of the sensitizer. Under standard AM 1.5G solar conditions, JK‐306‐sensitized cells in the presence of co‐adsorbents chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 4‐[bis(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)amino]benzoic acid (HC‐A), which afforded an overall conversion efficiency of 8.37 % and 8.52 %, respectively. Upon changing the I−/I3− electrolyte to the CoII/CoIII redox couple, the cell gave rise to a significantly improved conversion efficiency of 10.02 % with the multifunctional HC‐A, which is one of the highest values reported for DSSCs with a cobalt‐based electrolyte. Furthermore, the JK‐306‐based solar cell with a polymer gel electrolyte revealed a high conversion efficiency of 7.61 %, which is one of the highest values for cells based on organic sensitizers.
0.5‐V bulk‐driven OTA and its applications
Authors: Kulej Tomasz 
Published: June 2013

SummaryA new 0.5‐V bulk‐driven operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), designed in 50 nm CMOS technology, is presented in the paper. The circuit is characterized by improved linearity and dynamic range obtained for MOS devices operating in moderate inversion region. Some basic applications of the OTA such as a voltage integrator and a second‐order low‐pass filter have also been described. The filter is compared to other low‐voltage filters presented in the literature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 3.6‐mW 6‐GHz current‐reuse VCO‐buffer with improved load drivability in 65‐nm CMOS
Authors: Amin Tawfiq , Mak Pui‐In , Martins Rui P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new current‐reuse voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO)‐buffer with enhanced load drivability is proposed. It incorporates a PMOS‐based source follower stacked atop a NMOS‐based LC VCO to share the bias current, while preventing the voltage stress at any oscillation node from exceeding the 1.2‐V technology voltage limit. Also, ac‐coupling networks are avoided between the VCO and buffer, improving the Q of the LC tank while minimizing parasitics. With internal buffering, the VCO can directly drive up a 50‐Ω load for testing, or to withstand a large capacitive load in on‐chip local oscillator distribution, particularly suitable for multi‐band MIMO WLAN radios. The fabricated VCO‐buffer in 65‐nm CMOS measures 13.8% tuning range from 5.64 to 6.4 GHz, consumes 3.6 mW at 1.2 V and exhibits −108.84 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1‐MHz offset. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for the determination of fatty acids as exemplified for Dendrobium species
Authors: Zhang Shijuan , Song Cuihua , Chen Guang , Xia Lian , Wang Xiaoyan , You Jinmao 
Published: June 2013

A novel high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using 2‐(9‐oxoacridin‐10(9H)‐yl) acetohydrazide (OAAH) as pre‐column labeling reagent was applied to the analysis of fatty acids in four kinds of Dendrobium species for the first time. The reaction of OAAH with fatty acids could proceed easily and quickly in the presence of 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as condensing reagent within 20 min. The derivatives exhibit excellent fluorescence property with excitation and emission wavelengths of 255 and 420 nm, respectively. The 20 fatty acid derivatives were separated on a SB C18 reversed‐phase column with gradient elution. Good linear correlations were observed for all fatty acids with correlation coefficients of >0.996. When 50 mg of sample was used for analysis, the detection limits at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 were in the range of 0.10–0.42 µg/g. Free fatty acids and total fatty acids in four kinds of Dendrobium species were analyzed by the developed method. The results indicated that the main fatty acids in Dendrobium species were unsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2n‐6) and saturated hexadecanoic acid. This work provides a useful tool for the safety assessment and quality control of Dendrobium species.Practical applications: Dendrobium species, the stems of which can be used for medical purpose or as health foods, are precious plants in China. Their significant medical effects have recently attracted increasing attention. However, there is little research on the fatty acid composition of Dendrobium species. The proposed method provided a sensitive method for the HPLC analysis of FFAs and TFAs in four kinds of Dendrobium species. This is the first report of the fatty acid compositions of Dendrobium species. It would be helpful for the comprehensive safety or quality assessment of Dendrobium species.
Natural Gas & Electricity Pricing: Pop Go Gas Prices: Has the Market Recovered?
Authors: Bodell Tanya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNatural gas prices this spring roughly doubled those in 2012. Rising from around $2.00 a million Btu's last spring to above $4.00 a million Btu's, prices settled into the range established after the economic collapse in 2008. Has the dramatically oversupplied market corrected itself or is this a temporary lull before another crash?
Development of a methodology for the detection of hospital financial outliers using information systems
Authors: Okada Sachiko , Nagase Keisuke , Ito Ayako , Ando Fumihiko , Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Okamoto Kazuya , Kume Naoto , Takemura Tadamasa , Kuroda Tomohiro , Yoshihara Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYComparison of financial indices helps to illustrate differences in operations and efficiency among similar hospitals. Outlier data tend to influence statistical indices, and so detection of outliers is desirable. Development of a methodology for financial outlier detection using information systems will help to reduce the time and effort required, eliminate the subjective elements in detection of outlier data, and improve the efficiency and quality of analysis. The purpose of this research was to develop such a methodology.Financial outliers were defined based on a case model. An outlier‐detection method using the distances between cases in multi‐dimensional space is proposed. Experiments using three diagnosis groups indicated successful detection of cases for which the profitability and income structure differed from other cases.Therefore, the method proposed here can be used to detect outliers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitude towards second‐generation antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia and their relatives
Authors: Karthik MS , Kulhara Parmanand , Chakrabarti Subho 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveGiven the paucity of research in this area, this study attempted to assess attitudes towards second‐generation antipsychotic medications and their correlates among the patients with schizophrenia and their relatives.MethodsStructured assessments of attitudes to medications, psychopathology, insight/knowledge, side effects, functioning and treatment satisfaction were carried out in a random sample of 50 patients with DSM‐IV schizophrenia and their relatives. All, except one of the patients, were on second‐generation antipsychotics.ResultsMost patients had positive attitudes towards second‐generation antipsychotics. Severity of positive symptoms and higher burden of side effects (e.g. sexual dysfunction, weight gain and sedation) emerged as the principal correlates of negative attitudes among patients. Greater awareness of illness, being employed, better social functioning and greater treatment satisfaction were all associated with positive attitudes among patients. Relatives had significantly more positive attitudes towards antipsychotics than patients and were more satisfied with the treatment. They were well informed about the illness, and their level of knowledge had a significant association with positive attitudes.ConclusionsEffective antipsychotic treatment, which improves functioning and minimises side effects could lead to more favourable attitudes towards antipsychotics among patients. Increasing awareness of illness, enhancing treatment satisfaction and involving relatives in treatment could also be of help. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production and use of biochar from buffalo‐weed (Ambrosia trifida L.) for trichloroethylene removal from water
Authors: Ahmad Mahtab , Moon Deok Hyun , Vithanage Meththika , Koutsospyros Agamemnon , Lee Sang Soo , Yang Jae E , Lee Sung Eun , Jeon Choong , Ok Yong Sik 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmbrosia trifida L. (buffalo‐weed) is a ubiquitous invasive plant species in Korea, causing severe allergy problems to humans and reduction in crop yields. Converting buffalo‐weed biomass to biochar and its use as an adsorbent for the depuration of trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated water could help resolve two existing environmental issues simultaneously.RESULTSThe plant biomass was converted to biochar at 300 °C (BC300) and 700 °C (BC700). The pyrolysis temperature strongly influenced the properties of resulting biochars. The higher temperature resulted in a higher degree of C‐enrichment. The loss of H‐ and O‐containing functional groups shifted the BC700 composition towards a less polar, more aromatic carbon structure evidenced by lower O/C (0.06) and H/C (0.15) values compared with those of BC300 (0.07 and 0.65, respectively). These properties of BC700 further highlighted its greater efficiency of TCE removal (88.47%) from water, compared with that of BC300 (69.07%). The TCE adsorption data was well described by the Hill isotherm model indicating the mechanism of adsorption to be cooperative interaction. Linear correlations between model parameters and biochar properties were also observed.CONCLUSIONSBuffalo‐weed can be converted to value‐added biochar that can be used as an effective adsorbent for the treatment of TCE contaminated groundwater. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of the source of benzene concentrations at Texas City during SHARP using an adjoint neighborhood‐scale transport model and a receptor model
Authors: Buzcu‐Guven Birnur , Olaguer Eduardo P. , Herndon Scott C. , Kolb Charles E. , Knighton W. Berk , Cuclis Alex E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Aerodyne Research Inc. mobile laboratory performed real‐time in‐situ measurements of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde in Texas City, Texas on 7 May 2009 during the Formaldehyde and olefins from Large Industrial Releases experiment of the 2009 Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors (SHARP) campaign. Our goal was to identify and quantify emission sources within the largest industrial facility in Texas City most likely responsible for measured concentrations of benzene, an important VOC and hazardous air pollutant. The Houston Advanced Research Center inverse air quality model has been used to infer benzene emission rates from all potential source locations that could account for the benzene concentrations measured by the mobile lab in the vicinity of the facility. A Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model was also applied to the concentrations measured by the mobile lab, the results of which strongly supported the source attribution specified by the inverse model. The two independent source apportionment techniques both implicated flare, storage tank, and ultraformer units in the facility as significant contributors to emission plumes of elevated benzene concentrations observed by the mobile lab. The emissions of some of the flare and tank units were found to be greater than reported in emission inventories by about an order of magnitude.
Patients with recurrent biliary tract cancer have a better prognosis than those with unresectable disease: retrospective analysis of a multi‐institutional experience with patients of advanced biliary tract cancer who received palliative chemotherapy
Authors: Ikezawa Kenji , Kanai Masashi , Ajiki Tetsuo , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Toyokawa Hideyoshi , Terajima Hiroaki , Furuyama Hiroaki , Nagano Hiroaki , Ikai Iwao , Kuroda Nobukazu , Awane Masaaki , Ochiai Toshiya , Takemura Shigekazu , Miyamoto Atsushi , Kume Makoto , Ogawa Masao , Takeda Yutaka , Taira Kaoru , Ioka Tatsuya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic factors for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) who received palliative chemotherapy have not been fully established. Especially, the status of unresectable/recurrent disease has not been well studied because of a small number of patients with recurrent BTC in previous studies.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 18 institutions in Japan. We retrospectively reviewed data regarding 403 patients with pathologically proven BTC who received palliative chemotherapy between April 2006 and March 2009. One hundred and ninety‐two patients with recurrent BTC were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.ResultsThe median overall survival was significantly longer in the recurrent BTC patients than in the unresectable BTC patients (398 days vs. 323 days, P = 0.004). After adjustment using multivariate analysis, the status of recurrent/unresectable disease remained an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.70, P = 0.022) in addition to performance status, extent of disease, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels.ConclusionsThe status of unresectable/recurrent disease was shown as an independent prognostic factor in the BTC patients. This result may help to predict life expectancy of BTC patients and design future clinical trials evaluating palliative chemotherapy in BTC.
An extended dysfunctional area in the congestive area of the remnant liver after hemi‐hepatectomy with middle hepatic vein resection for liver cancers evaluated on the gadoxetic acid disodium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mu Han , Ariizumi Shunichi , Katagiri Satoshi , Egawa Hiroto , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the liver function in the congestive area of the remnant liver after hemi‐hepatectomy with middle hepatic vein (MHV) resection for liver cancers.MethodsFrom November 2009 through December 2012, 18 patients underwent hemi‐hepatectomy including the MHV for liver cancers. Post‐hepatectomy, the volume of the congestive area, which appeared as a hyper‐intense area on T2‐weighted images and dysfunctional area, which appeared as a low intensity area on hepatobiliary phase images in the remnant liver was evaluated in all patients by gadoxetic acid disodium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsFifteen of 18 patients showed a congestive area, and 16 of 18 patients showed a dysfunctional area in the remnant liver. The dysfunctional rate (median 11%) was significantly larger than the congestive rate (median 5%, P = 0.0004). The dysfunctional rate was associated with tumor invasion to the root of the MHV, and no tumor invasion to the root of the MHV was identified as a significant predictor of a larger dysfunctional area (odds ratio 25.888, P = 0.0267) on multivariate analysis.ConclusionHemi‐hepatectomy with MHV resection for liver cancers should be performed considering the dysfunctional area in the remnant liver, which is associated with tumor invasion to the root of the MHV.
The supervisor POS–LMX–subordinate POS chain: Moderation by reciprocation wariness and supervisor's organizational embodiment
Authors: Eisenberger Robert , Shoss Mindy Krischer , Karagonlar Gökhan , Gonzalez‐Morales M. Gloria , Wickham Robert E. , Buffardi Louis C. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWe present three studies providing an increased understanding of the interdependence between perceived organizational support (POS) and leader–member exchange (LMX). Using employees from a social service agency and new hires from a variety of organizations, we report evidence for a relational chain leading from supervisors' perceptions of support by the organization (supervisor POS) to the formation of high‐quality LMX relationships with their subordinates (first link), who interpret high‐quality LMX as support from the organization (subordinate POS, second link) and, ultimately, repay the organization with increased dedication and effort (examined here in terms of reduced withdrawal behavior). The relationship between supervisor POS and LMX with subordinates was strongly moderated by supervisor fear of exploitation in exchange relationships (reciprocation wariness), holding only for supervisors with low reciprocation wariness. Consistent with the view that employees perceive the organization as partly responsible for treatment received from supervisors, LMX was found to be more strongly related to POS when employees highly identified their supervisors with the organization (supervisor's organizational embodiment), and this interaction extended to reduced withdrawal behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dry corrosion of the aluminium alloy (EN AC‐48100), influence of temperature, ethanol and water content
Authors: Tuchscheerer F. , Krüger L. , Mandel M. , Müller S. , Liebsch S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie korrosiven Eigenschaften der Aluminiumlegierung EN AC‐48100 (Al‐17wt%Si‐4wt%Cu‐Mg) wurden in ethanolhaltigen Kraftstoffen bei verschiedenen Wassergehalten (0,05 Vol.‐%, 0,2 Vol.‐%, 0,35 Vol.‐%), Temperaturen (20°, 60°C, 80°C) und Ethanolgehalten (10 Vol.‐%, 25 Vol.‐%, 50 Vol.‐%, 85 Vol.‐%) untersucht. Dabei konnte eine starke Abhängigkeit der Alkoholatkorrosion vom Wassergehalt und der Temperatur festgestellt werden. Bei einem Wasseranteil von 0,05 Vol.‐% im Ethanolkraftstoff und einer Kraftstofftemperatur von 80°C kommt es bereits nach kurzer Zeit zu starker Korrosion. Bei geringen Ethanolkonzentrationen wird die Korrosion in hohem Maße durch den Ethanolgehalt beeinflusst. Ab 25 Vol.‐% Ethanol im Kraftstoff ist der Einfluss der Ethanolkonzentration auf den durch Korrosion verursachten Masseverlust gering. Aufgrund der Beobachtungen und Messungen wurde eine Theorie zur Ursache des mehrstufigen Charakters des auftretenden Korrosionsmechanismus entwickelt.