bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive Adsorption of PbII, NiII, and SrII Ions on Graphene Oxides: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Yang Shubin , Chen Changlun , Chen Yue , Li Jiaxing , Wang Dongqi , Wang Xiangke , Hu Wenping 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe individual and competitive adsorption of PbII, NiII, and SrII on graphene oxides (GOs) was investigated by experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Experimental results indicate that 1) in all the single, binary, and ternary metal‐ion adsorption systems, the sequence of maximum adsorption capacities is PbII>NiII>SrII on GOs; 2) the desorption hysteresis of metal ions from GOs shows the adsorption affinity in the same sequence: PbII>NiII>SrII. For the first time, DFT calculations indicate that 1) PbII and NiII prefer to interact with the COH group, whereas SrII interacts with COH and COC comparably, and 2) PbII can easily abstract the OH group from the GOs to form the much more stable Pb(OH)–GO complex. These findings are very important and useful for understanding the mechanisms of heavy‐metal‐ion adsorption on GOs and assessing the adsorption of coexisting heavy‐metal ions on GOs.
Affective, sensory and empathic sharing of another's pain: The Empathy for Pain Scale
Authors: Giummarra M.J. , Fitzgibbon B.M. , Georgiou‐Karistianis N. , Beukelman M. , Verdejo‐Garcia A. , Blumberg Z. , Chou M. , Gibson S.J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThrough two studies, we introduce and validate the Empathy for Pain Scale (EPS), which characterizes the phenomenology of empathy for pain, including the vicarious experience of pain when seeing others in pain.MethodsIn study 1, 406 individuals completed the EPS and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). In the EPS, four painful scenarios (witnessing surgery, patient recovering from surgery, assault and accidental injury) were rated for 12 emotional, empathic and sensory responses. In study 2, 59 participants completed the same questionnaires and then watched and rated videos of sporting injuries.ResultsIn study 1, we identified three factors of the EPS with principal component analysis, which were validated with confirmatory factor analysis: affective distress; vicarious pain; and empathic concern. The EPS demonstrated good psychometric properties, re‐test reliability (n = 105) and concurrent validity. In study 2, we validated the EPS against empathic reactions to the pain of others as displayed in video clips depicting sporting injuries and showed that the scale has unique utility to characterize empathic reactions to pain above general trait empathy measures. Both studies showed that the affective distress and empathic concern subscales of the EPS correlated with measures of cognitive and affective empathy from the IRI, whereas the vicarious pain subscale was only correlated with the personal distress IRI subscale.ConclusionsThe EPS is a psychometrically sound new scale that characterizes empathy for pain and vicarious pain. The EPS offers valuable insight to the phenomenological profile of the affective, empathic and sensory dimensions of empathy for pain.
On Using Appreciative Language in Constructing Promising/Illusionistic Realities
Authors: Malinen Tapio 
Published: November 2014

This article is a carnival: besides Peter Lang, the protagonist it gives appearance and voice to many other people, as in a play or dance. In this dialogue, facts are not considered to be anything given; they are constructed in the relationships and interactions, thoughts formulate themselves in the carnival whirl of language. The postmodern team appearing in the article have taken their voices from the literature. They are saying partly what they have said in print partly what they might have said – or will be saying in the future. What happened to the director of the discussion was the same thing that can, in a best‐case scenario, happen to a therapist: the director was simultaneously the writer and the product of the story. Through it he died and was reborn.You can never predict the future through the past because the past changes all the time (Mihail Bakhtin).To be systemic means you accept everything, defy everything, accept nothing. Life is like a carnival or like a parody (Peter Lang).
Retention of modified BSA by ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Levitsky Inna , Dahan Yafit , Arkhangelsky Elizabeth , Gitis Vitaly 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficiency of protein purification depends on membrane pore size and electrostatic repulsion between a protein and membrane surface. The current study investigates how deliberate protein modification affects the electrostatic repulsion, degree of protein separation and transmembrane flux.RESULTSThe experiments were performed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) modified by guanidation, succinylation and citraconation. The latter modification is reversible and can be used to improve the protein separation. Modified and native proteins were filtrated through polyethersulphone PES‐20 membrane in dead‐end and cross‐flow filtration modes at pH 5–10. Guanidation diminished electronegativity of the protein. In dead‐end mode, the relative flux in separation of modified BSA decreased to 0.45–0.7 of the flux of pure water over 27.5 min. In the case of unmodified BSA, the average relative flux drop was 0.3–0.5. The separation of guanidated BSA increased on average by 11% in acidic conditions. Succinylation and citraconation increased BSA electronegativity. The average flux remained close to the flux of pure water declining by 0.2–0.4, and the separation was greater than 95% at alkaline conditions in both dead‐end and cross‐flow operational modes.CONCLUSIONSuggested modifications do not require changes in chemistry of bulk suspensions and membranes, but do increase protein rejection keeping high transmembrane flux. The suggested approach is novel and holds the promise of achieving the purity level of therapeutic proteins required by drug authorities. Under the conditions investigated the best results were observed for succinylation and filtration in cross‐flow mode at pH 5–10. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Near infrared spectroscopy is suitable for the classification of hazelnuts according to Protected Designation of Origin
Authors: Moscetti Roberto , Radicetti Emanuele , Monarca Danilo , Cecchini Massimo , Massantini Riccardo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigates the possibility of using near infrared spectroscopy for the authentication of the ‘Nocciola Romana’ hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cvs Tonda Gentile Romana and Nocchione) as a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) hazelnut from central Italy. Algorithms for the selection of the optimal pretreatments were tested in combination with the following discriminant routines: k‐nearest neighbour, soft independent modelling of class analogy, partial least squares discriminant analysis and support vector machine discriminant analysis.RESULTSThe best results were obtained using a support vector machine discriminant analysis routine. Thus, classification performance rates with specificities, sensitivities and accuracies as high as 96.0%, 95.0% and 95.5%, respectively, were achieved. Various pretreatments, such as standard normal variate, mean centring and a Savitzky–Golay filter with seven smoothing points, were used. The optimal wavelengths for classification were mainly correlated with lipids, although some contribution from minor constituents, such as proteins and carbohydrates, was also observed.CONCLUSIONNear infrared spectroscopy could classify hazelnut according to the PDO ‘Nocciola Romana’ designation. Thus, the experimentation lays the foundations for a rapid, online, authentication system for hazelnut. However, model robustness should be improved taking into account agro‐pedo‐climatic growing conditions. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The 9‐point hedonic scale and hedonic ranking in food science: some reappraisals and alternatives
Authors: Wichchukit Sukanya , O'Mahony Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe 9‐point hedonic scale has been used routinely in food science, the same way for 60 years. Now, with advances in technology, data from the scale are being used for more and more complex programs for statistical analysis and modeling. Accordingly, it is worth reconsidering the presentation protocols and the analyses associated with the scale, as well as some alternatives. How the brain generates numbers and the types of numbers it generates has relevance for the choice of measurement protocols. There are alternatives to the generally used serial monadic protocol, which can be more suitable. Traditionally, the ‘words’ on the 9‐point hedonic scale are reassigned as ‘numbers’, while other ‘9‐point hedonic scales’ are purely numerical; the two are not interchangeable. Parametric statistical analysis of scaling data is examined critically and alternatives discussed. The potential of a promising alternative to scaling itself, simple ranking with a hedonic R‐Index signal detection analysis, is explored in comparison with the 9‐point hedonic scale. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal of Anisakis simplex allergens from infected fish during the washing step of surimi production
Authors: Olivares Fabiola , González‐Muñoz Miguel , Carballeda‐Sangiao Noelia , Rodríguez‐Mahillo Ana , Careche Mercedes , de las Heras Cristina , Navas Alfonso , Tejada Margarita 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGOUNDThe washing operation of fish muscle is one of the key steps in the production of surimi. The aim of this study was to assess in parasitised minced fish the effect of the washing steps on the allergen removal of Anisakis simplex and on protein yield during surimi processing. Experimentally infected hake (Merluccius merluccius) (50 Anisakis simplex s.s L3 larvae per 100 g of muscle) underwent three successive washing steps with water, phosphate buffer (20 mmol L−1), sodium bicarbonate (60 mmol L−1), or sodium hypochlorite (0.27 mmol L−1) in the surimi processing (4 kg muscle, 1:4 w/v for each solution). Total protein concentration and A. simplex antigens and allergens were evaluated in each waste fraction.RESULTSThe highest removal of Ani s 4 and A. simplex antigens was achieved by using phosphate buffer, together with a good protein yield in the raw surimi. Decrease of the concentration of allergens and antigens as a function of the washing steps rendered a linear trend (R2 = 0.95 and 0.98 for Ani s 4 and A. simplex antigens, respectively).CONCLUSIONThe conditions for an optimal removal of Anisakis allergens can be established and calculated as a function of the washing steps. This approach opens a line to utilise parasitised fish in a safer way. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and properties of trimethylolpropane trioleate as lubricating base oil
Authors: Wu Yanxia , Li Weimin , Wang Xiaobo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTrimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) has been prepared by esterification of oleic acid with trimethylolpropane (TMP) without solvent in the presence of solid acid catalyst. The synthesised TMPTO was characterised by infrared spectroscopy, and its physicochemical properties were also evaluated. The compatibilities of TMPTO as lubricant base stock with several conventional additives for mineral oils were investigated. The results showed that the synthesised TMPTO exhibited excellent viscosity–temperature property and low temperature fluidity, high flash point, good foaming stability, hydrolytic stability, and lubricity. In addition, TMPTO possessed good compatibility with conventional additives designed for mineral oils. In particular, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates as extreme pressure and anti‐wear additive exhibited good extreme pressure and anti‐wear properties in TMPTO. Therefore, the synthesised TMPTO can be used as potential lubricating base oil due to its excellent comprehensive performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Boehmite Nanoparticle Loading on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Biodegradable Polylactide/Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) Blends
Authors: Agwuncha Stephen C. , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Jayaramudu Jarugala , Khoathane Caroline , Sadiku Rotimi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBlends of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) were melt‐processed with boehmite (BAI) nanoparticles to produce ternary biocomposites with the intent of broadening the potential applications of PLA. The mechanical properties of the prepared composites exhibited remarkable improvement in the elongation‐at‐break of between 60 and 430% for increasing loadings of PCL and BAI in the blends. Furthermore, the melting temperatures of PLA and PCL were observed to shift approximately 2 °C toward each other in the composites, an indication of improved compatibility. This partial compatibility was also observed from the electron microscopy images, which also revealed a good dispersion of PCL in the PLA. The composite with balanced properties was found to be consisting of 70 wt% PLA, 30 wt% PCL, and 4 wt% BAI.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly in Monoaxially Electrospun P3HT/PCBM Nanofibers
Authors: Dillard Caitlin , Singhal Richa , Kalra Vibha 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report monoaxial electrospinning and self‐assembly characterization of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) nanofibers. Nanofibers were directly compared to films (as made and annealed) to understand the effects of extensional forces and high evaporation rate inherent to electrospinning on nanoscale structure. X‐ray scattering shows electrospinning can achieve improved crystallinity and reduced length scale of P3HT and PCBM phases. Due to extensional flow, co‐continuous phases form along the fiber axis, as evident in transmission electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate monoaxially‐spun, pure P3HT/PCBM nanofibers, a facile processing method with the potential to transform the field of wearable photovoltaics.
Conversion between Mini‐Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Dementia Rating Scale‐2 scores in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Steenoven Inger , Aarsland Dag , Hurtig Howard , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Duda John E. , Rick Jacqueline , Chahine Lama M. , Dahodwala Nabila , Trojanowski John Q. , Roalf David R. , Moberg Paul J. , Weintraub Daniel 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCognitive impairment is one of the earliest, most common, and most disabling non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, routine screening of global cognitive abilities is important for the optimal management of PD patients. Few global cognitive screening instruments have been developed for or validated in PD patients. The Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Dementia Rating Scale‐2 (DRS‐2) have been used extensively for cognitive screening in both clinical and research settings. Determining how to convert the scores between instruments would facilitate the longitudinal assessment of cognition in clinical settings and the comparison and synthesis of cognitive data in multicenter and longitudinal cohort studies. The primary aim of this study was to apply a simple and reliable algorithm for the conversion of MoCA to MMSE scores in PD patients. A secondary aim was to apply this algorithm for the conversion of DRS‐2 to both MMSE and MoCA scores. The cognitive performance of a convenience sample of 360 patients with idiopathic PD was assessed by at least two of these cognitive screening instruments. We then developed conversion scores between the MMSE, MoCA, and DRS‐2 using equipercentile equating and log‐linear smoothing. The conversion score tables reported here enable direct and easy comparison of three routinely used cognitive screening assessments in PD patients. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
In vitro enzymic hydrolysis of chlorogenic acids in coffee
Authors: da Encarnação Joana Amarante , Farrell Tracy L. , Ryder Alexandra , Kraut Nicolai U. , Williamson Gary 
Published: November 2014

ScopeCoffee is rich in quinic acid esters of phenolic acids (chlorogenic acids) but also contains some free phenolic acids. A proportion of phenolic acids appear in the blood rapidly after coffee consumption due to absorption in the small intestine. We investigated in vitro whether this appearance could potentially be derived from free phenolic acids in instant coffee or from hydrolysis of chlorogenic acids by pancreatic or brush border enzymes.Methods and resultsWe quantified six free phenolic acids in instant coffees using HPLC‐DAD‐mass spectrometry. The highest was caffeic acid, but all were present at low levels compared to the chlorogenic acids. Roasting and decaffeination significantly reduced free phenolic acid content. We estimated, using pharmacokinetic modelling with previously published data, that the contribution of these compounds to small intestinal absorption is minimal. Hydrolysis of certain chlorogenic acids was observed with human‐differentiated Caco‐2 cell monolayers and with porcine pancreatin, which showed maximal rates on 3‐ and 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acids, respectively.ConclusionThe amounts of certain free phenolic acids in coffee could only minimally account for small intestinal absorption based on modelling. The hydrolysis of caffeoylquinic, but not feruloylquinic acids, by enterocyte and pancreatic esterases is potentially a contributing mechanism to small intestinal absorption.
Evaluating heterogeneity of sex‐specific capture probability and precision in camera‐trap population estimates of tigers
Authors: Singh Randeep , Qureshi Qamar , Sankar Kalyanasundaram , Krausman Paul R. , Goyal Surendra Prakash 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPopulation estimates of tigers (Panthers tigris) are affected by movement patterns of the sexes. We evaluated sex‐specific heterogeneity to estimate the tiger population at Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western Rajasthan, India. We also compared population attributes obtained using a likelihood‐based spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) method with traditional approaches that use alternate information on animal space used to estimate an effective sampled area around the traps. We obtained 122 tiger photo‐captures of 27 individuals (14 F and 13 M) from 165 camera‐trapping sites in a 215‐km2 area over 3,300 trap‐nights, for 20 sampling occasions in 2010. The capture probability of males was about 2 times greater than that of female tigers, but overall detection probability was high, with total population estimate of about 30.2 tigers (SE = 3.7). Male and female tiger density estimates/100 km2 were 2.8 (SE = 0.8) and 4.1 (SE = 1.1), respectively, and overall density estimates of 6.1 (SE = 1.2) individuals/100 km2 were obtained using the SECR method. Non‐spatial models using the full mean maximum distance moved (MMDM) to estimate an effective sampled area underestimated the density by 9% compared with the SECR model as a baseline, and 1/2MMDM models overestimated the density by 25% as compared with results from the SECR model. We conclude that to assess the reliability of abundance estimates, heterogeneity in sex‐specific capture probabilities should be considered. We recommend using an SECR model because these methods appear to be minimally biased for estimating an effective sampled area and can be applied consistently among studies of various taxa. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
The Role of Law in Addressing the Good Samaritan’s Dilemma: A Chinese Model?
Authors: LEE Man Yee Karen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article begins with an account of the contexts surrounding China’s “Good Samaritan’s Dilemma”—the fear of civil liabilities as a result of a rescue attempt. It highlights how a notorious hit-and-run case in 2011 has prompted several provinces to consider Good Samaritan law—legislation aimed at encouraging altruism. In light of diverse opinions over the pros and cons of Good Samaritan law, it considers whether law should have a role to play in shaping moral behaviours. On the basis that the law has been on the books for as long as over a century in much of the Western world and parts of East Asia, this article explores how overseas experience may provide insights to China in its adaptation of Good Samaritan law. It concludes that, in China’s case, a non-punitive regime that seeks to protect and compensate Good Samaritans may help encourage the proverbial Chinese bystanders to be altruistic neighbours.
Algebraic K-Theory of ∞-Operads
Authors: Nikolaus Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe theory of dendroidal sets has been developed to serve as a combinatorial model for homotopy coherent operads, see [MW07, CM13b]. An ∞-operad is a dendroidal setDsatisfying certain lifting conditions.In this paper we give a definition of K-groupsKn(D) for a dendroidal setD. These groups generalize the K-theory of symmetric monoidal (resp. permutative) categories and algebraic K-theory of rings. We establish some useful properties like invariance under the appropriate equivalences and long exact sequences which allow us to compute these groups in some examples. Using results from [Heu11b] and [BN12] we show that theK-theory groups ofDcan be realized as homotopy groups of a K-theory spectrum.
The Meanings of “Malignancy”: The Language of Enmity and the Construction of the Parliamentarian Cause in the English Revolution
Authors: Leng Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article deconstructs a character that was ubiquitous within parliamentarian pamphlet literature in the English civil war: the “malignant,” whose “party” had been identified in the Grand Remonstrance of December 1641 as conspiring to destroy parliament and the true religion. Thereafter, the existence of this party became central to parliamentarian justifications of the war effort and to the activities of radical extra-parliamentary activists. The malignant thus became bound up in contests within the parliamentarian coalition, something reflected by the issuing of new remonstrances by London's Presbyterians, Levellers, and the New Model Army, each of which hinged on the identification of a new enemy. Despite these efforts, the specter of the malignant continued to haunt parliamentarian discourse after the regicide, although its meaning became increasingly ambiguous, symptomatic of the challenges facing the post-regicidal regimes as they sought to transcend the ideological parameters of the civil war in the name of “settlement.”
“Scholarship Boys” in Twilight: The Memoirs of Six Humanists in Post-Industrial Britain
Authors: LeMahieu D. L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe memoirs of six “scholarship boys”—Richard Hoggart, Frank Kermode, Eric Hobsbawm, Harold Perkin, A. H. Halsey, and Brian Magee—reveal the deeply varied experience of academically gifted working- and lower-middle-class males in the twentieth century. The arc from social outsider to cultural prominence drew upon a commitment to humanism acquired in their youth. Scholarship boys navigated the crosscurrents of post-industrial culture in many ways but shared an unwillingness to accept uncritically the sophisticated reductions of postmodern theory and the “creative destruction” of neoliberal practice. The life writing of these figures reveals the often-concealed subjectivities behind academic success, including the desire in old age to honor the lived worlds of their youth. Humanism remained a continuing though not always dominant strain in post-industrial culture.