bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Common Prostatic Conditions in Dogs: an Update
Authors: Lévy X , Niżański W , von Heimendahl A , Mimouni P 
Published: June 2014

ContentsProstatic diseases account for 3–10% of intact male dogs presented to veterinary surgeons. Conditions vary according to severity and frequency ranging from the most common, such as prostatic hyperplasia and cysts to the rarer conditions such as prostatic abcesses and neoplasia. Different causes of prostatic disease can often not be distinguished by evaluation of clinical signs, as these are not very distinctive and may be similar for many prostatic conditions. Understanding which additional diagnostic tools to use for each of the possible conditions is essential in making a correct diagnosis leading to the proper treatment. This article will discuss the different etiologies, age groups of dogs and the decision‐making process which will help the practitioner to choose the right investigative tools, treatments and prognosis when dealing with prostatic disease.
Urinary Incontinence in the Bitch: An Update
Authors: Reichler IM , Hubler M 
Published: June 2014

ContentsUrinary incontinence (UI), defined as the involuntary loss of urine during the filling phase of the bladder (Abrams et al. 2002), is a commonly seen problem in veterinary practice. Urinary sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) after spaying is the most common micturition disorder, and its medical treatment is normally successful, even though the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood. Hormonal changes inducing structural and functional alterations in the bladder, as well as in the urethra composition, are discussed. To manage incontinent patients successfully, possible underlying abnormalities besides USMI should be ruled out. In the majority of cases, history, physical examination and simple tests including urinalysis and urine bacterial culture lead to a presumed aetiology. If USMI is the most likely cause, then the advantage of further diagnostic tests should be discussed with the owner before starting a trial therapy with alpha‐adrenergic drugs. Potential side effects of this therapy have to be mentioned even though they rarely occur. It is important to thoroughly evaluate the success of the initial treatment. Its failure should lead to further diagnostic testing. Specialized clinical assessments may provide an aetiological diagnosis, and this could serve as a basis for discussing further treatment options. Surgical procedures, which may in rare cases cause irreversible side effects, may be instituted. If incontinence reoccurs after initial treatment was successfully performed, the diagnostic work‐up including urinalysis should always be repeated. As results of urinalysis did not correlate well with results of bacterial culture, a urine culture is recommended (Comer and Ling 1981). Cystocentesis is the preferred method of urine collection (Bartges 2004). Equivocal results of quantitative cultures of urine samples obtained during midstream voiding or by catheterization require repeat collection by cystocentesis (Comer and Ling 1981).
Current Knowledge on the Transport and Fate of Spermatozoa in the Reproductive Tract of the Bitch
Authors: Rijsselaere T , England GCW , Freeman SL , Maes D , Van Soom A 
Published: June 2014

ContentsCanine sperm transport, distribution, storage and detachment is a complex, dynamic and highly regulated process. Transport of sperm within the bitch's reproductive tract is rapid and is influenced by the method of semen deposition (natural mating or artificial insemination) and by the timing of breeding in relation to the day of ovulation. The fertile lifespan of spermatozoa in the reproductive tract of the bitch is considerably longer than in most other domestic species, and the main sperm reservoirs appear to be the uterine crypts and the distal part of the uterotubal junction, where spermatozoa attach by their heads to uterine epithelium. While severalin vitrostudies demonstrated prolonged motility and viability of canine spermatozoa after coincubation with uterine tube explants, spermatozoal storage has not been documented in the canine uterine tube isthmus or ampullain vivo. Several factors, including exposure to progesterone, solubilized zona pellucida proteins and post‐ovulation uterine tube fluid, appear to trigger membrane events resulting in capacitation‐like changes with subsequent motility pattern changes (transitional and hyperactivated) that are associated with sperm detachment. After mating or insemination, a normal low‐magnitude post‐mating uterine inflammatory response occurs, evidenced by an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), increased uterine contractions and an increased uterine artery blood flow. Recently, it was also shown that normal dogs with cystic endometrial hyperplasia develop a more significant endometritis, show fewer mating‐induced uterine contractions, a decreased ability of spermatozoa to bind to uterine explantsin vitroand a slower uterine clearance after mating.
Control of Reproduction in Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents
Authors: Risi E 
Published: June 2014

ContentsReproduction control of small mammals is challenging. The purposes are the control of fertility and the reduction of sexual behaviour, aggressiveness and odour. Moreover, some species like ferret females need to be neutered to prevent bone marrow suppression caused by hyperoestrogenism. Many methods of sterilization have been reported, including surgical and chemical techniques. This article describes the reproductive physiology of ferrets and the techniques used to control their reproduction. Some aspects of the use of long‐acting deslorelin implants in rabbits and rodents are also described.
Suppression of Fertility in Adult Cats
Authors: Goericke‐Pesch S , Wehrend A , Georgiev P 
Published: June 2014

ContentsCats are animals with highly efficient reproduction, clearly pointing to a need for suppression of fertility. Although surgical contraception is highly effective, it is not always the method of choice. This is predominantly because it is cost‐intensive, time‐consuming and irreversible, with the latter being of major importance for cat breeders. This article reviews the use of progestins, scleroting agents, immunocontraception, melatonin, GnRH antagonists and finally, GnRH agonists, in adult male and female cats in detail, according to the present state of the art. By now, various scientific and clinical options are available for the suppression of fertility in adult cats and the decision as to which should be chosen – independent of the legal registration of any state – depends on different facts: (i) feral or privately owned animal? (ii) temporary or permanent suppression of fertility wanted/needed? (iii) sex of the animal? New effective and available methods for hormonal contraception include melatonin implants for short‐term post ponement of oestrus in adult queens and slow‐release GnRH‐agonist implants containing deslorelin (Suprelorin®) for short‐ and long‐term contraception in male and female companion and breeding cats.
Suppression of Fertility in Pre‐pubertal Dogs and Cats
Authors: Schäfer‐Somi S , Kaya D , Gültiken N , Aslan S 
Published: June 2014

ContentsPre‐pubertal gonadectomy in dogs and cats is still controversially discussed because some consequences cause health problems. Nevertheless, postponement of puberty, that is, prevention of an increase in sexual hormones and thereby prevention of their manifold effects, is of major importance, not only in controlling overpopulation but also to preserve the genetic base for future breeding stock and pets. Therefore, alternatives for surgical suppression of fertility in pre‐pubertal animals were critically reviewed. As a promising alternative, the slow‐releaseGnRHagonist deslorelin and otherGnRHanalogues have been investigated. In female dogs and cats, puberty could be significantly postponed without initial flare‐up effect and without disturbance of body development. First trials to delay puberty in female and male cats by application of a 4.7‐mg deslorelin implant 24 h after birth so far are promising. In female dogs, a previous investigation showed that when the implant was inserted at the age of 4 months, the initial flare‐up effect was prevented. Body development was normal in the studies reviewed here, and with the 9.4‐mg implant, puberty was significantly delayed until the age of 21 months or older. In one study, bitches either received a 4.7‐ or a 9.4‐mg implant at the age of 4 months and the epiphyses were mostly closed before the time of first oestrus. Using a 4.7‐mg deslorelin implant in pre‐pubertal male dogs significantly postponed puberty, and age at puberty was >2 years when a 9.4‐mg implant was used. However, further investigations are required, especially concerning the effect of differentGnRHagonist dosages and resorption rates on the duration of postponement of puberty as well as long‐term effects in both dogs and cats.
Juraphididae, a new family of aphids and its significance in aphid evolution
Authors: ŻYŁA DAGMARA , BLAGODEROV VLADIMIR , WEGIEREK PIOTR 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA revision of the Jurassic aphid family Genaphididae revealed that the type genus Genaphis did not have the characteristics usually attributed to this family. This discovery led to a series of taxonomic decisions. The diagnosis of the family Genaphididae is emended. The genera Aphaorus, Juraphis and Pterotella are moved to the Juraphididae, fam.n. The new family is included in the superfamily Palaeoaphidoidea. Additionally, two new species, Juraphis karataviensis sp.n. and Pterotella shartegensis sp.n., are described. Phylogenetic relationships among the taxa of Juraphididae, the position of the family, and the distribution and palaeoecology of the taxa are discussed.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:411C1D8C‐AA45‐4311‐AA2D‐4469E44B6EDF.
How cold‐adapted flightless flies dispersed over the northern hemisphere: phylogeny and biogeography of the snow fly genus ChioneaDalman (Diptera: Limoniidae)
Authors: DE JONG HERMAN , CILIBERTI PASQUALE 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA phylogeny of the 37 known species and subspecies of the micropterous snow fly genus Chionea Dalman is presented using adult morphological characters. The genus contains two major clades: a strictly Palaearctic clade, and a combined Nearctic‐Palaearctic clade with representatives in the Nearctic and Western Palaearctic regions. As there is little congruence between the recovered phylogeny of Chionea and the currently used subgeneric division in Chionea s.s. and Sphaeconophilus Becker, we propose to abandon the use of subgeneric taxa in Chionea. A strictly morphological analysis appears to be insufficient to fully resolve the phylogeny of the genus at the species level, and future molecular work should provide additional evidence for the establishment of relationships among the members of Chionea. The large‐scale historical biogeography of Chionea was analysed using dispersal‐vicariance analysis. The initial distribution area of the genus probably extended in the Eastern Palaearctic, and the Nearctic and the origin of Chionea could be dated in the Late Cretaceous. The various dispersal and vicariance events that led to the major speciation events in the genus are set against major paleogeographic developments. The ancestor of the Western Palaearctic group in the second major clade originated from the Nearctic. The presence of the cold‐adapted Chionea in currently temperate to warm climatic zones in the southern parts of its distribution was analysed using ecological niche modelling. It appears that prolonged periods of climate cooling, as occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum, enabled Chionea to cover large parts of central and southern Europe and reach the southern distribution areas where the genus is present today. A similar biogeographic pattern was less evident in the Nearctic region.
Management of BU–HIV co‐infection
Authors: O'Brien D. P. , Ford N. , Vitoria M. , Christinet V. , Comte E. , Calmy A. , Stienstra Y. , Eholie S. , Asiedu K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundBuruli Ulcer (BU)–HIV co‐infection is an important emerging management challenge for BU disease. Limited by paucity of scientific studies, guidance for management of this co‐infection has been lacking.MethodsInitiated by WHO, a panel of experts in BU and HIV management developed guidance principles for the management of BU–HIV co‐infection based on review of available scientific evidence, current treatment experience, and global recommendations established for management of HIV infection and tuberculosis.ResultsThe expert panel agreed that all BU patients should be offered quality provider‐initiated HIV testing and counselling. In areas with high prevalence of malaria and/or bacterial infections, all patients with HIV co‐infection should be started on cotrimoxazole preventative therapy. Combination antibiotic treatment for BU should be commenced before starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) and provided for 8 weeks duration. The suggested combination is rifampicin (10 mg/kg daily up to a maximum of 600 mg/day) plus streptomycin (15 mg/kg daily). An alternative regimen is rifampicin plus clarithromycin (7.5 mg/kg twice daily up to a maximum of 1000 mg daily) although due to drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs this regimen should be used with caution. ART should be initiated in all BU–HIV co‐infected patients with symptomatic HIV disease (WHO clinical stage 3 or 4) regardless of CD4 cell count and in asymptomatic individuals with CD4 count ≤500 cells/mm3. If CD4 count is not available, BU–HIV co‐infected individuals with category 2 or 3 BU disease should be offered ART. For eligible individuals, ART should be commenced as soon as possible within 8 weeks after commencing BU treatment, and as a priority in those with advanced HIV disease (CD4 ≤ 350 cells/mm3 or WHO stage 3 or 4 disease). All co‐infected patients should be actively screened for tuberculosis before commencing BU treatment and before starting ART. Programmes should implement a monitoring and reporting system to document the outcomes of BU–HIV interventions.ConclusionsKnowledge of the clinical and epidemiological interactions between BU and HIV disease is limited. While awaiting more urgently needed evidence, current management practice of both diseases has been useful to build simple ‘common sense’ preliminary guidance on how to manage BU–HIV co‐infection.
On the Importance of a Rich Embodiment in the Grounding of Concepts: Perspectives From Embodied Cognitive Science and Computational Linguistics
Authors: Thill Serge , Padó Sebastian , Ziemke Tom 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe recent trend in cognitive robotics experiments on language learning, symbol grounding, and related issues necessarily entails a reduction of sensorimotor aspects from those provided by a human body to those that can be realized in machines, limiting robotic models of symbol grounding in this respect. Here, we argue that there is a need for modeling work in this domain to explicitly take into account the richer human embodiment even for concrete concepts that prima facie relate merely to simple actions, and illustrate this using distributional methods from computational linguistics which allow us to investigate grounding of concepts based on their actual usage. We also argue that these techniques have applications in theories and models of grounding, particularly in machine implementations thereof. Similarly, considering the grounding of concepts in human terms may be of benefit to future work in computational linguistics, in particular in going beyond “grounding” concepts in the textual modality alone. Overall, we highlight the overall potential for a mutually beneficial relationship between the two fields.
WRKY41 controls Arabidopsis seed dormancy via direct regulation of ABI3 transcript levels not downstream of ABA
Authors: Ding Zhong Jie , Yan Jing Ying , Li Gui Xin , Wu Zhong Chang , Zhang Shu Qun , Zheng Shao Jian 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAlthough seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait, its molecular basis is poorly understood. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) plays an essential role in the establishment of seed dormancy. Here, we show that the lack of a seed‐expressed WRKY transcription factor, WRKY41, confers reduced primary seed dormancy and thermoinhibition, phenotypes resembling those for a lack of ABI3. Loss‐of‐function abi3‐17 and wrky41 alleles also both confer reduced sensitivity to ABA during germination and early seedling growth. Absence of WRKY41 decreases ABI3 transcript abundance in maturing and imbibed seeds, whereas transgenically overexpressing WRKY41 increases ABI3 expression. Moreover, transgenic overexpression of ABI3 completely restores seed dormancy phenotypes on wrky41. ChIP‐qPCR and EMSA reveal that WRKY41 binds directly to the ABI3 promoter through three adjacent W–boxes, and a transactivation assay indicates that these W–boxes are essential for ABI3 expression. Whilst RT‐qPCR analysis shows that the regulation of ABI3 by WRKY41 is not through ABA and other factors known to promote ABI3 transcription during seed maturation and germination, we also show that high concentrations of ABA might promote negative feedback regulation of WRKY41 expression. Finally, analysis of the wrky41 aba2 double mutant confirms that WRKY41 and ABA collaboratively regulate ABI3 expression and seed dormancy. In summary, our results demonstrate that WRKY41 is an important regulator of ABI3 expression, and hence of seed dormancy.
Familial pseudohyperkalemia in blood donors: a novel mutation with implications for transfusion practice
Authors: Bawazir Waleed M. , Flatt Joanna F. , Wallis Jonathan P. , Rendon Augusto , Cardigan Rebecca A. , New Helen V. , Wiltshire Michael , Page Lizanne , Chapman Catherine E. , Stewart Gordon W. , Bruce Lesley J. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundFamilial pseudohyperkalemia (FP) is a dominantly inherited condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) have an increased cold‐induced permeability to monovalent cations. Potassium leaks into the supernatant of all stored blood with time, but FP RBCs leak potassium more rapidly. We investigated two unrelated blood donors whose RBC donations demonstrated unexpectedly high potassium after 5 and 6 days' storage. We matched the observed pattern of RBC cation leak to a previously recognized family with FP (FP‐Cardiff) and investigated the likely cause with targeted DNA analysis.Study Design and MethodsCation leakage from the donor RBCs and from standard donor units was measured. DNA analysis of donors and family members with FP‐Cardiff was performed. Allele frequencies were obtained from human variation databases.ResultsBoth implicated donors were found to have increased cold‐induced potassium leak identical in pattern to affected members of the family with FP‐Cardiff. We found a heterozygous substitution Arg723Gln in the ATP‐binding cassette, Subfamily B, Member 6 protein that segregated with FP in the Cardiff family and was also present in both blood donors. Arg723Gln is listed in human variation databases with an allele frequency of approximately 1:1000.ConclusionsWe describe a novel FP mutation that may affect 1:500 European blood donors and causes rapid loss of potassium from stored RBCs. This finding has implications for neonates and infants receiving large‐volume RBC transfusions. Genomic screening of donors could be used to identify donors with this mutation and potentially improve the quality and safety of donor units.
Zero Emission Temporary Habitation: A Passive Container House
Acclimatized by Geothermal Water
Authors: Dumas Antonio , Trancossi Michele , Madonia Mauro , Coppola Michele 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A container mobile housing system denominated ZETHa (zero energy temporary habitation) is acclimatized by water circulation inside the external walls of the building. A general design of the building has presented and constructive solutions are presented to minimize thermal bridges. Energy dispersions calculations have been performed both for the wall and the whole building. Energetic contribution by renewable energy plants has evaluated to get the condition of passive building. This evaluation will also consider appliances needs. Wellness conditions have evaluated with satisfactory results.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strain Isolated in Southern China
Authors: Xie Zhixun , Fan Qing , Xie Zhiqin , Liu Jiabo , Pang Yaoshan , Deng Xianwen , Xie Liji , Luo Sisi , Khan M. I. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
We report here the full-length RNA genomic sequence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain GX4, isolated from a cow in southern China. Studies indicate that BVDV GX4 belongs to the BVDV-1b subtype. This report will help in understanding the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of BVDV in southern China cattle.
Genome Sequence of Arthrobacter siccitolerans 4J27, a Xeroprotectant-Producing Desiccation-Tolerant Microorganism
Authors: Manzanera M. , Santa-Cruz-Calvo L. , Vílchez J. I. , García-Fontana C. , Silva-Castro G. A. , Calvo C. , González-López J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the first genome sequence for
Arthrobacter siccitolerans
4J27, a newly described desiccation-tolerant species. The complete genome of
A. siccitolerans
4J27 has been sequenced and is estimated to be around 5.3 Mb in size, with an average GC content of 65.13%. We predict 4,480 protein-coding sequences (CDSs).
Whole-Genome Sequence of
Burkholderia
sp. Strain RPE67, a Bacterial Gut Symbiont of the Bean Bug
Riptortus pedestris
Authors: Takeshita Kazutaka , Shibata Tomoko F. , Nikoh Naruo , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Fukatsu Takema , Shigenobu Shuji , Kikuchi Yoshitomo 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia
sp. strain RPE67 is a bacterial symbiont isolated from a field-collected bean bug,
Riptortus pedestris
. To understand the genetic basis of the insect-microbe symbiosis, we performed whole-genome sequencing of the
Burkholderia
strain, revealing an 8.69-Mb genome consisting of three chromosomes and three plasmids.
Genome Sequences of Two Carbapenemase-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Isolates
Authors: Ramirez Maria Soledad , Xie Gang , Johnson Shannon , Davenport Karen , van Duin David , Perez Federico , Bonomo Robert A. , Chain Patrick , Tolmasky Marcelo E. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
, an ESKAPE group (
Enterococcus faecium
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Acinetobacter baumannii
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Enterobacter
species) pathogen, has acquired multiple antibiotic resistance genes and is becoming a serious public health threat. Here, we report the genome sequences of two representative strains of
K. pneumoniae
from the emerging
K. pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC) outbreak in northeast Ohio belonging to sequence type 258 (ST258) (isolates Kb140 and Kb677, which were isolated from blood and urine, respectively). Both isolates harbor a
bla
KPC
gene, and strain Kb140 carries
bla
KPC-2
, while Kb677 carries
bla
KPC-3
.
Complete Genome Sequence of the
p
-Nitrophenol-Degrading Bacterium Pseudomonas putida DLL-E4
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Wang Jue , Wang Fei , Chen Qiongzhen , Huang Yan , Cui Zhongli 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The first complete genome sequence of a
p
-nitrophenol (PNP)-degrading bacterium is reported here.
Pseudomonas putida
DLL-E4, a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from methyl-parathion-polluted soil, can utilize PNP as the sole carbon and nitrogen source.
P. putida
DLL-E4 has a 6,484,062 bp circular chromosome that contains 5,894 genes, with a G+C content of 62.46%.