bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Phenotypes of Degenerative Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Clavel Marie-Annick , Mantovani Francesca , Malouf Joseph , Michelena Hector I. , Vatury Ori , Jain Mothilal Sonia , Mankad Sunil V. , Suri Rakesh M. , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice 
Published: May 2015

Background—
Fibro-elastic deficiency (FED) and diffuse myxomatous degeneration (DMD) are phenotypes of degenerative mitral valve disease defined morphologically. Whether physiological differences in annular and valvular dynamics exist between these phenotypes remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

We performed triple quantitation of cardiac remodeling and of mitral regurgitation severity and of annular and valvular dimensions by real-time 3-dimensional-transesophageal-echocardiography. Forty-nine patients with degenerative mitral valve disease classified as FED (n=31) and DMD (n=18) by surgical observation showed no difference in age (65±10 versus 59±13;
P
=0.5), body surface area (2.0±0.2 versus 2.0±0.2 m
2
;
P
=0.5), left ventricular and atrial dimensions (all
P
>0.55), and mitral regurgitation regurgitant orifice (
P
=0.62). On average, annular dimensions were larger in DMD versus FED, but height was similar resulting in lower saddle shape. Dynamically, annular DMD versus FED display poorer contraction and saddle-shape accentuation in early systole and abnormal enlargement, particularly intercommissural, in late-systole (all
P
<0.05). Valvular dynamics showed stable valvular area in systole in FED versus considerable systolic increased area in DMD (
P
<0.001). Prolapse height and volume increased little throughout systole in FED versus marked increase in DMD (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Our novel observations show that FED and DMD, although both labeled myxomatous, display considerable physiological phenotypic differences. In DMD, the annular increased size and profoundly abnormal dynamics demonstrate DMD-specific annular degeneration compared with the enlarged but relatively normal FED annulus. DMD does not incur more severe mitral regurgitation, despite larger prolapse and valve redundancy, underscoring potential compensatory role of tissue redundancy of DMD (or aggravating role of tissue paucity of FED) on mitral regurgitation severity.
Impact of Intravenous Lysine Acetylsalicylate Versus Oral Aspirin on Prasugrel-Inhibited Platelets
Authors: Vivas David , Martín Agustín , Bernardo Esther , Ortega-Pozzi María Aranzazu , Tirado Gabriela , Fernández Cristina , Vilacosta Isidre , Núñez-Gil Iván , Macaya Carlos , Fernández-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: May 2015

Background—

Prasugrel and ticagrelor, new P2Y
12
-adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists, are associated with greater pharmacodynamic inhibition and reduction of cardiovascular events compared with clopidogrel in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. However, evidence is lacking about the effects of achieving faster and stronger cyclooxygenase inhibition with intravenous lysine acetylsalicylate (LA) compared with oral aspirin on prasugrel-inhibited platelets.

Methods and Results—

This was a prospective, randomized, single-center, open, 2-period crossover platelet function study conducted in 30 healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a loading dose of intravenous LA 450 mg plus oral prasugrel 60 mg or loading dose of aspirin 300 mg plus prasugrel 60 mg orally in a crossover fashion after a 2-week washout period between treatments. Platelet function was evaluated at baseline, 30 minutes, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h using light transmission aggregometry and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. The primary end point of the study, inhibition of platelet aggregation after arachidonic acid 1.5 mmol/L at 30 minutes, was significantly higher in subjects treated with LA compared with aspirin: 85.3% versus 44.3%, respectively,
P
=0.003. This differential effect was observed at 1 hour (
P
=0.002) and 4 hours (
P
=0.048), but not at 24 hours. Subjects treated with LA presented less variability and faster and greater inhibition of platelet aggregation with arachidonic acid compared with aspirin.

Conclusions—
The administration of intravenous LA resulted in a significant reduction of platelet reactivity compared with oral aspirin on prasugrel-inhibited platelets. Loading dose of LA achieves an earlier platelet inhibition and with less variability than aspirin.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02243137.
Clopidogrel With Aspirin in Acute Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHANCE) Trial
Authors: Wang Yilong , Pan Yuesong , Zhao Xingquan , Li Hao , Wang David , Johnston S. Claiborne , Liu Liping , Meng Xia , Wang Anxin , Wang Chunxue , Wang Yongjun 
Published: May 2015

Background—
The Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial showed that the combined treatment of clopidogrel and aspirin decreases the 90-day risk of stroke without increasing hemorrhage in comparison with aspirin alone, but provided insufficient data to establish whether the benefit persisted over a longer period of time beyond the trial termination. We report the 1-year follow-up outcomes of this trial.

Methods and Results—

The trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 114 centers in China. We randomly assigned 5170 patients within 24 hours after onset of minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack to clopidogrel-aspirin therapy (loading dose of 300 mg of clopidogrel on day 1, followed by 75 mg of clopidogrel per day for 90 days, plus 75 mg of aspirin per day for the first 21 days) or to the aspirin-alone group (75 mg/d for 90 days). The primary outcome was stroke event (ischemic or hemorrhagic) during 1-year follow-up. Differences in outcomes between groups were assessed by using the Cox proportional hazards model. Stroke occurred in 275 (10.6%) patients in the clopidogrel-aspirin group, in comparison with 362 (14.0%) patients in the aspirin group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.93;
P
=0.006). Moderate or severe hemorrhage occurred in 7 (0.3%) patients in the clopidogrel-aspirin group and in 9 (0.4%) patients in the aspirin group (
P
=0.44).

Conclusions—
The early benefit of clopidogrel-aspirin treatment in reducing the risk of subsequent stroke persisted for the duration of 1-year of follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00979589.
CD11c
+
Dendritic Cells Accelerate the Rejection of Older Cardiac Transplants via Interleukin-17A
Authors: Oberhuber Rupert , Heinbokel Timm , Cetina Biefer Hector Rodriguez , Boenisch Olaf , Hock Karin , Bronson Roderick T. , Wilhelm Markus J. , Iwakura Yoichiro , Edtinger Karoline , Uehara Hirofumi , Quante Markus , Voskuil Floris , Krenzien Felix , Slegtenhorst Bendix , Abdi Reza , Pratschke Johann , Elkhal Abdallah , Tullius Stefan G. 
Published: May 2015

Background—
Organ transplantation has seen an increased use of organs from older donors over the past decades in an attempt to meet the globally growing shortage of donor organs. However, inferior transplantation outcomes when older donor organs are used represent a growing challenge.

Methods and Results—

Here, we characterize the impact of donor age on solid-organ transplantation using a murine cardiac transplantation model. We found a compromised graft survival when older hearts were used. Shorter graft survival of older hearts was independent of organ age per se, because chimeric young or old organs repopulated with young passenger leukocytes showed comparable survival times. Transplantation of older organs triggered more potent alloimmune responses via intragraft CD11c
+
dendritic cells augmenting CD4
+
and CD8
+
T-cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production, particularly that of interleukin-17A. Of note, depletion of donor CD11c
+
dendritic cells before engraftment, neutralization of interleukin-17A, or transplantation of older hearts into
IL-17A
−/−
mice delayed rejection and reduced alloimmune responses to levels observed when young hearts were transplanted.

Conclusions—

These results demonstrate a critical role of old donor CD11c
+
dendritic cells in mounting age-dependent alloimmune responses with an augmented interleukin-17A response in recipient animals. Targeting interleukin-17A may serve as a novel therapeutic approach when older organs are transplanted.
Examining the Usability of Touch Screen Gestures for Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Gao Qin , Sun Qiqi 
Published: May 2015

Objective: We examined the usability issues associated with four touch screen gestures (clicking, dragging, zooming, and rotating) among older and younger users. Background: It is especially important to accommodate older users’ characteristics to ensure the accessibility of information and services that are important to their quality of life. Method: Forty older and 40 younger participants completed four experiments, each of which focused on one gesture. The effects of age, type of touch screen (surface acoustic wave vs. optical), inclination angle (30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°), and user interface factors (clicking: button size and spacing; dragging: dragging direction and distance; zooming: design of zooming gesture; rotating: design of rotating gesture) on user performance and satisfaction were examined. Results: Button sizes that are larger than 15.9 × 9.0 mm led to better performance and higher satisfaction. The effect of spacing was significant only when the button size was notably small or large. Rightward and downward dragging were preferred to leftward and upward dragging, respectively. The younger participants favored direct manipulation gestures using multiple fingers, whereas the older participants preferred the click-to design. The older participants working with large inclination angles of 60° to 75° reported a higher level of satisfaction than the older participants working with smaller angles. Conclusion: We proposed a set of design guidelines for touch screen user interfaces and discussed implications for the selection of appropriate technology and the configuration of the workspace. Application: The implications are useful for the design of large touch screen applications, such as desktop computers, information kiosks, and health care support systems.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Alerts and Dynamically Annotated Visualizations (DAVs) in Improving Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Rayo Michael F. , Kowalczyk Nina , Liston Beth W. , Sanders Elizabeth B.-N. , White Susan , Patterson Emily S. 
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two types of real-time decision support, an interrupting pop-up alert and a noninterrupting dynamically annotated visualization (DAV), in reducing clinically inappropriate diagnostic imaging orders. Background: Alerts in electronic health record software are frequently disregarded due to high false-alarm rates, interruptions, and uncertainty about what triggered the alert. In other settings, providing visualizations and improving understandability of the guidance has been shown to improve overall decision making. Method: Using a between-subject design, we examined the effect of two forms of decision support, alerts and DAVs, on reducing the proportion of inappropriate diagnostic imaging orders for 11 patients in a simulated environment. Nine attending and 11 resident physicians with experience using an electronic health record were randomly assigned to the form of decision support. Secondary measures were self-reported understandability, algorithm transparency, and clinical relevance. Results: Fewer inappropriate diagnostic imaging tests were ordered with DAVs than with alerts (18% vs. 34%, p < .001). The DAV was rated higher for all three secondary measures ( p < .001) for all participants. Conclusion: DAVs were more effective than alerts in reducing inappropriate imaging orders and were preferred for all patient scenarios, especially scenarios where guidance was ambiguous or based on inaccurate information. Application: Creating visualizations that are permanently displayed and vary in the strength of their guidance can mitigate the risk of system performance degradation due to incomplete or incorrect data. This interaction paradigm may be applicable for other settings with high false-alarm rates or where there is a need to reduce interruptions during decision making.
Newton on a Horse: A Critique of the Historiographies of ‘Technology’ and ‘Modernity’
Authors: Fores Michael 
Published: May 2015

“In the absence of a guiding theory, problems of technology, like those of the most primitive fields of science, had to be solved empirically” ( The new Cambridge modern history, concerning 1688–1751). “The striking fact is not merely that mathematical aptitude was diffused amongst large numbers of dons, divines, physicians, antiquaries and gentry …; but that it had become with many of them a passion, a supposed key to the knowledge of man, society and the universe … in the unspecialized imagination of the seventeenth century, the key that unlocked the secrets of the universe was essentially the same as that which might unlock the vaults of social wealth” (C. Wilson on England's apprenticeship 1603–1763).
The Classification of Birds, in Aristotle and Early Modern Naturalists (I)
Authors: Hall J. J. 
Published: May 2015

Part I. Aristotle proposed a method of defining an entity, e.g. an animal species, by successive subdivisions of the broader class ( genos) to which it belongs; if fully implemented, this would have resulted in a classification of animals. Definition of bird-species by subdivision of the class Birds would require the description of sub-classes intermediate between the major class and individual species. Examination of Aristotle's main discussions of birds shows that he had no complete system of such sub-classes, but four groups of bird species are repeatedly mentioned and are described in some detail: Hook-taloned birds, terrestrial birds which fly weakly (i.e. Gallinaceous birds), web-footed birds, and fissipede waterside birds. Aristotle must have thought of these groups as, at least, likely to be usable in the definition of bird-species, but made little progress towards formulating such definitions. Part II. Pliny offers a hint of a different approach to avian classification; but in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Edward Wotton, Belon, Gesner and Aldrovandi were most strongly influenced by Aristotle, and so, to a much lesser extent, were Willughby and Ray. Linnaeus and Yarrell are examples of eighteenth and nineteenth century authors who still made use in their classifications of the four groups, of hook-taloned birds etc., described in Part 1.
Homo ET Machina: Of Divided Labour, Revolutions and a History of Marvels
Authors: Fores Michael 
Published: May 2015

We have but one simple method of delivering our sentiments, namely, we must bring men to particulars and their regular series and order, and they must for a while renounce their notions, and begin to form an acquaintance with things. [Translated from Francis Bacon, Novum organum, 1620]1 Truth, he [Bacon] wrote, was not the daughter of Authority, but of Time. [ The Cambridge modern history, 1902]2
Pakistan, Military Coup, and Concordance
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar 
Published: May 2015

In 2014, Armed Forces & Society published Ali’s work, “Contradiction of Concordance Theory: Failure to Understand Military intervention in Pakistan.” Shortly thereafter in 2015, Schiff, the author of concordance theory, responded with “Concordance Theory in Pakistan: Response to Zulfiqar Ali.” Schiff, in the Disputatio Sine Fine (DSF) section of Armed Forces & Society, defends concordance theory and puts forward four challenges to Ali’s article. Here, this reply explains again why concordance theory not only fails to generate an adequate account of military intervention in Pakistan but also unintentionally imposes a Western style of governance.
Spontaneous rib fractures
Authors: Katrancioglu Ozgur , Akkas Yucel , Arslan Sulhattin , Sahin Ekber 
Published: May 2015

Background Other than trauma, rib fracture can occur spontaneously due to a severe cough or sneeze. In this study, patients with spontaneous rib fractures were analyzed according to age, sex, underlying pathology, treatment, and complications. Methods Twelve patients who presented between February 2009 and February 2011 with spontaneous rib fracture were reviewed retrospectively. The patients’ data were evaluated according to anamnesis, physical examination, and chest radiographs. Results The ages of the patients ranged from 34 to 77 years (mean 55.91 ± 12.20 years), and 7 (58.4%) were male. All patients had severe cough and chest pain. The fractures were most frequently between 4th and 9th ribs; multiple rib fractures were detected in 5 (41.7%) patients. Eight (66.7%) patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2 (16.7%) had bronchial asthma, and 2 (16.7%) had osteoporosis. Bone densitometry revealed a high risk of bone fracture in all patients. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma had been treated with high-dose steroids for over a year. Conclusions Spontaneous rib fracture due to severe cough may occur in patients with osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or bronchial asthma, receiving long-term steroid therapy. If these patients have severe chest pain, chest radiography should be performed to check for bone lesions.
Validation of the Lymphoedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (LYMQOL) in Dutch Patients Diagnosed with Lymphoedema of the Lower Limbs
Authors: van de Pas CB , Biemans AAM , Boonen RSM , Viehoff PB , Neumann HAM 
Published: May 2015

Background The Lymphoedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire is a validated disease-specific instrument to measure the impact of lymphoedema on patients’ lives. In this study, we tested its psychometric properties and validated the use of the questionnaire in its Dutch translation. Methods We obtained the answers to a standardised questionnaire, including Lymphoedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire and Short-Form (36) Health Survey, twice at an interval of 2 weeks in 60 patients with lower limb lymphoedema. Feasibility was tested on the basis of missing responses and response distribution. Structure was studied using factor analysis. The reliability of the Lymphoedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire was assessed using Crohnbach’s α and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was tested by correlating Lymphoedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire scores with the Short-Form (36) Health Survey scores. Results The response rate was 88.2%. One of the 22 items missed >10% of responses; another showed a borderline ceiling effect. Internal consistency was good and test-retest reliability was excellent. The Lymphoedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire correlated well with the physical component of the Short-Form (36) Health Survey and moderately with the mental component, suggesting that its construct validity was good. Conclusion The Dutch Lymphoedema Quality-of-Life Questionnaire can be used for health-related quality-of-life research in lower limb lymphoedema patients.
Human milk fortifier with high versus standard protein content for promoting growth of preterm infants: A meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Tian-Tian , Dang Dan , Lv Xiao-Ming , Wang Teng-Fei , Du Jin-Feng , Wu Hui 
Published: May 2015

Objective To compare the growth of preterm infants fed standard protein-fortified human milk with that containing human milk fortifier (HMF) with a higher-than-standard protein content. Methods Published articles reporting randomized controlled trials and prospective observational intervention studies listed on the PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keywords ‘fortifier’, ‘human milk’, ‘breastfeeding’, ‘breast milk’ and ‘human milk fortifier’. The mean difference with 95% confidence intervals was used to compare the effect of HMF with a higher-than-standard protein content on infant growth characteristics. Results Five studies with 352 infants with birth weight ≤1750 g and a gestational age ≤34 weeks who were fed human milk were included in this meta-analysis. Infants in the experimental groups given human milk with higher-than-standard protein fortifier achieved significantly greater weight and length at the end of the study, and greater weight gain, length gain, and head circumference gain, compared with control groups fed human milk with the standard HMF. Conclusions HMF with a higher-than-standard protein content can improve preterm infant growth compared with standard HMF.
A pilot project of the learning experience of undergraduate occupational therapy students in a three-dimensional virtual environment in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hook Angela D , Bodell Sarah J , Griffiths Lee 
Published: May 2015

Introduction This pilot study explored the learning experience of four undergraduate occupational therapy students within the online virtual environment, Second Life. The study aimed to explore the feasibility of learning how to facilitate occupational performance in a home environment via a virtual platform. Method A house was developed within Second Life that simulated simple barriers to occupational performance that may be experienced by a wheelchair user. By means of a virtual human representation of themselves (or ‘avatar’), students were asked to navigate through the house and attempt to remedy any barriers they found. They were observed doing this and substantive notes including descriptions, recorded quotes and summaries of the experience were taken by the first educator/researcher. This was followed by a one-to-one semi-structured interview conducted by the second educator/researcher. All data were transcribed as appropriate, coded and analysed thematically. Findings Themes identified include the relationship between the student and the avatar, the student experience of the task, interaction with the Second Life environment and development of new knowledge and understanding. There is potential for learning about barriers to occupational performance in the home via Second Life. Conclusion Further research is recommended to evaluate the potential value of teaching and learning about environmental adaptation in a three-dimensional world.
The presence of brain white matter lesions in relation to preeclampsia and migraine
Authors: Postma IR , van Oosterhout WPJ , de Groot JC , Terwindt GM , Zeeman GG 
Published: May 2015

Introduction Identifying female-specific risk markers for cerebrovascular disease is becoming increasingly important. Both migraine and preeclampsia have been associated with higher incidence of brain white matter lesions (WML) and stroke. We assessed the association between WML and migraine among formerly (pre)eclamptic women. Methods A total of 118 women (76 formerly (pre)eclamptic and 42 control women) were screened for migraine and WML presence. Independent effects of migraine and (pre)eclampsia on WML were assessed. Results Migraine prevalence did not differ between the (pre)eclamptic (26/76; 34%); and control group (10/42; 24%), p = 0.17. Age-adjusted regression analysis failed to show a significant independent effect of migraine (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.47–2.76; p = 0.77) on WML presence, and showed a non-significant effect of (pre)eclampsia (OR 2.30; 95% CI 0.90–5.83; p = 0.08). Conclusion Migraine prevalence was not found to be an independent risk factor for WML prevalence in formerly (pre)eclamptic women. Since this study had a small sample size, larger prospective studies are needed to examine female-specific risk factors for WML and its consequences.