bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of volatile compounds from herbivore‐damaged soybean plants on searching behavior of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi
Authors: Michereff Mirian F. F. , Borges Miguel , Laumann Raúl A. , Diniz Ivone R. , Blassioli‐Moraes Maria Carolina 
Published: March 2013

AbstractParasitoids use herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to locate their hosts. However, there are few studies in soybean showing the mechanisms involved in the attraction of natural enemies to their hosts and prey. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae) (cv. Dowling), that were induced after injury caused by Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on the searching behavior of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Four HIPVs from soybean, (E,E)‐α‐farnesene, methyl salicylate, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, and (E)‐2‐octen‐1‐ol, were selected, prepared from standards at various concentrations (10−6 to 10−1 m), and tested individually and in combinations using a two‐choice olfactometer (type Y). Telenomus podisi displayed a preference only for (E,E)‐α‐farnesene at 10−5 m when tested individually and compared to hexane, but they did not respond to the other compounds tested individually at any concentration or when combinations of these compounds were tested. However, the parasitoids stayed longer in the olfactometer arm with the mixture of (E,E)‐α‐farnesene + methyl salicylate at 10−5 m than in the arm containing hexane. The results suggest that (E,E)‐α‐farnesene and methyl salicylate might help T. podisi to determine the presence of stink bugs on a plant. In addition, bioassays were conducted to compare (E,E)‐α‐farnesene vs. the volatiles emitted by undamaged and E. heros‐damaged plants, to evaluate whether (E,E)‐α‐farnesene was the main cue used by T. podisi or whether other minor compounds from the plants and/or the background might also be used to locate its host. The results suggest that minor volatile compounds from soybean plants or from its surroundings are involved in the host‐searching behavior of T. podisi.
Risk group assignment differs for children and adults 1–45 yr with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated by the NOPHO ALL‐2008 protocol
Authors: Toft Nina , Birgens Henrik , Abrahamsson Jonas , Bernell Per , Griškevičius Laimonas , Hallböök Helene , Heyman Mats , Holm Mette Skov , Hulegårdh Erik , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Marquart Hanne V. , Jónsson Ólafur Gísli , Nielsen Ove Juul , Quist‐Paulsen Petter , Taskinen Mervi , Vaitkeviciene Goda , Vettenranta Kim , Åsberg Ann , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is poorer in adults than in children. Studies have indicated that young adults benefit from pediatric treatment, although no upper age limit has been defined.Design and methodsWe analyzed 749 patients aged 1–45 yr treated by the NOPHO ALL‐2008 protocol. Minimal residual disease (MRD) on days 29 and 79, immunophenotype, white blood cell count (WBC), and cytogenetics were used to stratify patients to standard‐, intermediate‐, or high‐risk treatment with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.ResultsAdults aged 18–45 had significantly lower WBCs at diagnosis compared with children aged 1–9 and 10–17 yr, but significantly more adults were stratified to high‐risk chemotherapy (8%, 14%, 17%; P < 0.0001) or high‐risk chemotherapy with transplantation (4%, 13%, 19%; P < 0.0001). This age‐dependent skewing of risk grouping reflected more T‐ALL (11%, 27%, 33%, P < 0.0001), poorer MRD response day 29 (MRD < 0.1%: 75%, 61%, 52%; P < 0.0001), and more MLL gene rearrangements (3%, 3%, 10%; P = 0.005) in older patients.ConclusionsEven if identical diagnostics, treatment, and risk stratification are implemented, more adults will be stratified to high‐risk therapy, which should be considered when comparing pediatric and adult outcomes.
Cognitive ability and dental fear and anxiety
Authors: Blomqvist My , Ek Ulla , Fernell Elisabeth , Holmberg Kirsten , Westerlund Joakim , Dahllöf Göran 
Published: March 2013

Dental fear and anxiety (DFA), as well as dental behavior management problems, are common in children and adolescents. Several psychological factors in the child, and parental DFA, have been studied and found to correlate to the child's DFA. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive ability and DFA in a population‐based group of children with identified behavior and learning problems. In conjunction with a dental examination at 11 yr of age, 70 children were assessed with regard to DFA using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS), and their cognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. In addition, parental DFA was measured using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale. The results revealed that DFA was significantly correlated to verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) but not to any other cognitive index. A significant correlation was found between parental DFA and child DFA. The results indicate that the child's verbal capacity may be one factor of importance in explaining dental fear in children.
Basic treatment principles for psychotic disorders in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Adachi Naoto , Kanemoto Kousuke , de Toffol Bertrand , Akanuma Nozomi , Oshima Tomohiro , Mohan Adith , Sachdev Perminder 
Published: March 2013

SummaryIn patients with epilepsy, coexisting psychoses, either interictal (IIP) or postictal (PIP), are associated with serious disturbance in psychosocial function and well‐being, and often require the care of a specialist. Unfortunately, evidence‐based treatment systems for psychosis in patients with epilepsy have not yet been established. This article aims to propose concise and practical treatment procedures for IIP and PIP based on currently available data and international consensus statements, and primarily targeting nonpsychiatrist epileptologists who are often the first to be involved in the management of these complex patients. Accurate and early diagnosis of IIP and PIP and their staging in terms of acuity and severity form the essential first step in management. It is important to suspect the presence of psychosis whenever patients manifest unusual behavior. Knowledge of psychopathology and both individual and epilepsy‐related vulnerabilities relevant to IIP and PIP facilitate early diagnosis. Treatment for IIP involves (1) obtaining consent to psychiatric treatment from the patient, whenever possible, (2) optimization of antiepileptic drugs, and (3) initiation of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy in line with symptom severity and severity of behavioral and functional disturbance. Basic psychosocial interventions will help reinforce adherence to treatment and should be made available. Due consideration must be given to patients’ ability to provide informed consent to treatment in the short term, with the issue being revisited regularly over time. Given the often prolonged and recurrent nature of IIP, treatment frequently needs to be long‐term. Treatment of PIP consists of two aspects, that is, acute protective measures and preventive procedures in repetitive episodes. Protective measures prioritize the management of risk in the early stages, and may involve sedation with or without the use of antipsychotic drugs, and the judicious application of local mental health legislation if appropriate. As for preventative procedures, optimizing seizure control by adjusting antiepileptic drugs or by surgical treatment is necessary.
Treatment of behavioral problems in intellectually disabled adult patients with epilepsy
Authors: Kerr Michael , Gil‐Nagel Antonio , Glynn Michael , Mula Marco , Thompson Rose , Zuberi Sameer M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBehavioral disorders are common in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Although in some genetic disorders behavioral problems are part of the established phenotype, they may also be a manifestation of underlying physical or mental illness, or may be unrecognized seizure activity. In light of this, assessment of behavioral disorders should take into account person factors such as the physical health and mental state of the person and environmental factors such as the quality of their interactions with carers and their living conditions. Video–electroencephalography ( EEG) is recommended where possible. We review potential pharmacologic and behavioral management strategies for behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 directly regulates human ORMDL3 expression
Authors: Qiu Rongfang , Yang Yang , Zhao Hailing , Li Jiangxia , Xin Qian , Shan Shan , Liu Yongchao , Dang Jie , Yu Xiao , Gong Yaoqin , Liu Qiji 
Published: March 2013

Orosomucoid‐like 3 (ORMDL3) has been associated with asthma and a series of autoimmune disorders, and is involved in endoplasmic reticulum‐mediated inflammatory responses. However, its clinical significance and the molecular mechanism underlying its expression are still largely unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms of human ORMDL3 transcriptional regulation, we cloned a 1.5 kb genomic DNA fragment containing the putative promoter region and evaluated its transcriptional activity in a luciferase reporter system by deletion analysis. We identified a 68 bp region that functions as a minimal promoter. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the −64 to −56 bp region contained a signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that STAT6 bound to its binding site within the ORMDL3 promoter. STAT6 over‐expression or knockdown trans‐activated or trans‐inhibited, respectively, the ORMDL3 promoter containing the STAT6‐binding motif. Treatment with interleukins 4 or 13 increased ORMDL3 promoter activity as well as endogenous ORMDL3 expression. Immunoprecipitation and ChIP/Re‐ChIP assays revealed that STAT6 and p300 exist in the same protein complex that binds to the ORMDL3 promoter. Our study confirmed that STAT6 plays important roles in regulating the expression of human ORMDL3 by directly binding to the promoter region, which may shed light on a possible role in various human diseases.Structured digital abstract

p300 physically interacts with STAT6 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View Interaction: 1, 2)
Canopy‐scale relationships between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in irrigated rice
Authors: Ono Keisuke , Maruyama Atsushi , Kuwagata Tsuneo , Mano Masayoshi , Takimoto Takahiro , Hayashi Kentaro , Hasegawa Toshihiro , Miyata Akira 
Published: March 2013

AbstractModeling stomatal behavior is critical in research on land–atmosphere interactions and climate change. The most common model uses an existing relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. However, its parameters have been determined using infrequent and leaf‐scale gas‐exchange measurements and may not be representative of the whole canopy in time and space. In this study, we used a top‐down approach based on a double‐source canopy model and eddy flux measurements throughout the growing season. Using this approach, we quantified the canopy‐scale relationship between gross photosynthesis and stomatal conductance for 3 years and their relationships with leaf nitrogen content throughout each growing season above a paddy rice canopy in Japan. The canopy‐averaged stomatal conductance (gsc) increased with increasing gross photosynthesis per unit green leaf area (Ag), as was the case with leaf‐scale measurements, and 41–90% of its variation was explained by variations in Ag adjusted to account for the leaf‐to‐air vapor‐pressure deficit and CO2 concentration using the Leuning model. The slope (m) in this model (gsc versus the adjusted Ag) was almost constant within a 15‐day period, but changed seasonally. The m values determined using an ensemble dataset for two mid‐growing‐season 15‐day periods were 30.8 (SE = 0.5), 29.9 (SE = 0.7), and 29.9 (SE = 0.6) in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively; the overall mid‐season value was 30.3 and did not greatly differ among the 3 years. However, m appeared to be higher during the early and late growing seasons. The ontogenic changes in leaf nitrogen content strongly affected Ag and thus gsc. In addition, we have discussed the agronomic impacts of the interactions between leaf nitrogen content and gsc. Despite limitations in the observations and modeling, our canopy‐scale results emphasize the importance of continuous, season‐long estimates of stomatal model parameters for crops using top‐down approaches.
Implications of biofuel policy‐driven land cover change for rainfall erosivity and soil erosion in the United States
Authors: Khanal Sami , Anex Robert P. , Anderson Christopher J. , Herzmann Daryl E. , Jha Manoj K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLarge‐scale conversion of traditional agricultural cropping systems to biofuel cropping systems is predicted to have significant impact on the hydrologic cycle. Changes in the hydrologic cycle lead to changes in rainfall and its erosive power, and consequently soil erosion that will have onsite impacts on soil quality and crop productivity, and offsite impacts on water quality and quantity. We examine regional change in rainfall erosivity and soil erosion resulting from biofuel policy‐induced land use/land cover (LULC) change. Regional climate is simulated under current and biofuel LULC scenarios for the period 1979–2004 using the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model coupled to the NOAH land surface model. The magnitude of change in rainfall erosivity under the biofuel scenario is 1.5–3 times higher than the change in total annual rainfall. Over most of the conterminous United States (~56%), the magnitude of the change in erosivity is between −2.5% and +2.5%. A decrease in erosivity of magnitude 2.5–10% is predicted over 23% of the area, whereas an increase of the same magnitude is predicted over 14% of the area. Corresponding to the changes in rainfall erosivity and crop cover, a decrease in soil loss is predicted over 60% of the area under the biofuel scenario. In Kansas and Oklahoma, the states in which a large fraction of land area is planted with switchgrass under the biofuel scenario, soil loss is estimated to decrease 12% relative to the baseline. This reduction in soil loss is due more to changes in the crop cover factor than changes in rainfall or rainfall erosivity. This indicates that the changes in LULC, due to future cellulosic biofuel feedstock production, can have significant implications for regional soil and water resources in the United States and we recommend detailed investigation of the trade‐offs between land use and management options.
The Roles of Population, Place, and Institution in Student Diversity in American Higher Education
Authors: Franklin Rachel S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractStudent racial and ethnic diversity in higher education is an important and timely topic, as institutions, policy makers, and economists increasingly recognize the value that accrues at many levels of having a skilled and diverse student body and workforce. Students benefit from learning in a diverse environment; firms may benefit from a diverse workforce; and more demographically diverse regions may experience higher rates of economic growth. However, the forces governing institution‐level student diversity are poorly understood, as little prior research on the topic exists. This paper uses school enrollment data to parse out the contribution of institutional characteristics, geographical setting, and local demographic characteristics to student body diversity at each level of study. Results indicate that geographical location and local demographic composition play a role in student body diversity, as do the type and orientation of the institution. Institutional characteristics explain a lot of the variation in student body diversity and actual location of schools matters less than the demographic composition of young people around that location. Two broad conclusions emerge with regard to schools seeking to increase their student diversity. First, some may find their efforts hampered by circumstances outside their control (e.g., location). Second, the influence of public/private status and even school size suggests further research on the ways in which these factors influence student diversity so that eventual policy action can be more effective.
Correlation of hepatitis B surface antigen level with response to telbivudine in naive patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Li Xuefen , Wang Yiyin , Han Dongsheng , Zhang Wen , Zhang Zike , Ye Xianfei , Tian Li , Dong Yuejiao , Zhu Qiaoyun , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2013

AimHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has become a marker to judge immunological response to hepatitis B therapy. Quantified serum HBsAg levels can predict the response to pegylated interferon and entecavir. In this study, we aimed to explore the correlation of serum HBsAg levels with response to telbivudine (LdT) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsSeventy‐three treatment‐naive CHB patients were recruited and received LdT monotherapy for 52 weeks and serial HBsAg levels were measured at five protocol time points. According to therapeutic efficacy at week 52, three subgroups of patients were identified, including complete responders (CR), partial responders (PR) and non‐responders (NR).ResultsAfter 52 weeks of treatment, CR, PR and NR represented 19 (26%), 33 (45%) and 21 (29%) patients in the sample of 73, respectively. The median values of baseline HBsAg (log10 IU/mL) were 4.05, 4.50 and 5.03 for CR, PR and NR, respectively. There was a distinct decline of HBsAg at week 52; median log10 HBsAg levels (IU/mL) were 3.61 (CR), 3.86 (PR) and 4.31 (NR). Positive correlation between HBsAg levels and HBV DNA loads was observed in the group of NR and early antiviral treatment of PR, but not in CR.ConclusionInitial HBsAg level was closely correlated with the efficacy of LdT. Patients with low HBsAg levels presented satisfactory responses. Therefore, initial level and correlation with HBV DNA of the serum HBsAg levels could predict responsiveness in CHB patients receiving LdT.
Recent Approaches to Cultural History: American Photography, Film, and Music
Authors: Marcus Kenneth H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecent work in American cultural history reveals a strong interest in the methodologies of other disciplines as well as developing transnational interpretations of American history. This article considers work that examines photography, film, and music. The use of visual and oral sources has long offered scholars alternative ways of viewing the past – both in their research and in the classroom. Today not only are cultural historians placing these sources within their appropriate historical and cultural contexts (with subjects as diverse as Mexican American murals, immigration photography, film noir, and African American music), they are increasingly employing sensory studies, especially in terms of sound, which enable us to approach our research and teaching with new eyes and ears.
Risk Management in the Correctional System of Canada: A Problematic Model
Authors: Bérard F. , Vacheret M. , Lemire G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSince 1992, interventions within the Canadian correctional system have been guided by the Risk Management Model (RMM). This article presents a critical analysis of that model. In the view of the authors, the RMM does not focus on rehabilitating offenders, but rather on ensuring their social compliance. Moreover, the Model is not clinical or professional in nature; it is essentially a techno‐bureaucratic model. From an empirical perspective, the authors bring into question several aspects implied by the Model, specifically those having to do with human qualities, rationality, relevance, effectiveness and efficiency. In conclusion, they wonder what could explain that such a model continues to prevail.
Active application of liquid etching agent improves adhesion of fibre posts to intraradicular dentine
Authors: Scotti N. , Scansetti M. , Rota R. , Breschi L. , Mazzoni A. , Pasqualini D. , Berutti E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of an active application of liquid etching, compared with the standard gel formulation on smear layer removal from post space walls and push‐out bond strength of luted fibre posts.MethodologyHuman extracted teeth were collected and root filled. After post space preparation and cleaning with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 30 s, teeth were assigned to four groups (n = 11) according to etching procedure: (i) 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) gel; (ii) 37% H3PO4 liquid applied with an endodontic needle; (iii) 37% H3PO4 liquid applied with an Endovac; (iv) no etching procedure (control group). Three teeth per group were sectioned longitudinally and prepared for SEM examination to evaluate the presence of smear layer, debris, sealer/gutta‐percha remnants, and the number of open tubules. Eight teeth per group were bonded with an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive, and fibre posts were luted with a resin‐based cement. After cutting, specimens were prepared for a push‐out test. Data were analysed by anova and post hoc tests (P < 0.05).ResultsImproved smear layer removal was obtained in Group 2, followed by Group 1, Group 3, and the control group (P < 0.05). The mean values for the bond strength of the push‐out test were: Group 1, 8.3 ± 2.9 MPa (coronal); 7.7 ± 3.0 (middle); 3.3 ±1.9 MPa (apical); Group 2, 7.8 ± 2.1 MPa (coronal); 6.9 ± 3.9 MPa (middle); 3.7 ± 1.3 MPa (apical); Group 3, 9.7 ± 2.8 MPa (coronal); 8.6 ± 2.1 MPa (middle); 6.9 ± 2.3 MPa (apical); and Group 4, 2.9 ± 3.0 MPa (coronal); 2.6 ± 2.0 MPa (middle); 1.1 ± 2.0 MPa (apical).ConclusionsLiquid phosphoric acid applied with an endodontic needle yielded better canal wall smear layer removal and higher bond strength values when an etch‐and‐rinse system was used.
Differentiation and activation of equine monocyte‐derived dendritic cells are not correlated with CD206 or CD83 expression
Authors: Moyo Nathifa A. , Marchi Emanuele , Steinbach Falko 
Published: March 2013

SummaryDendritic cells (DC) are the main immune mediators inducing primary immune responses. DC generated from monocytes (MoDC) are a model system to study the biology of DC in vitro, as they represent inflammatory DC in vivo. Previous studies on the generation of MoDC in horses indicated that there was no distinct difference between immature and mature DC and that the expression profile was distinctly different from humans, where CD206 is expressed on immature MoDC whereas CD83 is expressed on mature MoDC. Here we describe the kinetics of equine MoDC differentiation and activation, analysing both phenotypic and functional characteristics. Blood monocytes were first differentiated with equine granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐4 generating immature DC (iMoDC). These cells were further activated with a cocktail of cytokines including interferon‐γ) but not CD40 ligand to obtain mature DC (mMoDC). To determine the expression of a broad range of markers for which no monoclonal antibodies were available to analyse the protein expression, microarray and quantitative PCR analysis were performed to carry out gene expression analysis. This study demonstrates that equine iMoDC and mMoDC can be distinguished both phenotypically and functionally but the expression pattern of some markers including CD206 and CD83 is dissimilar to the human system.