bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of emotion recognition from facial expressions and non‐linguistic vocalizations during childhood
Authors: Chronaki Georgia , Hadwin Julie A. , Garner Matthew , Maurage Pierre , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S. 
Published: December 2014

Sensitivity to facial and vocal emotion is fundamental to children's social competence. Previous research has focused on children's facial emotion recognition, and few studies have investigated non‐linguistic vocal emotion processing in childhood. We compared facial and vocal emotion recognition and processing biases in 4‐ to 11‐year‐olds and adults. Eighty‐eight 4‐ to 11‐year‐olds and 21 adults participated. Participants viewed/listened to faces and voices (angry, happy, and sad) at three intensity levels (50%, 75%, and 100%). Non‐linguistic tones were used. For each modality, participants completed an emotion identification task. Accuracy and bias for each emotion and modality were compared across 4‐ to 5‐, 6‐ to 9‐ and 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds and adults. The results showed that children's emotion recognition improved with age; preschoolers were less accurate than other groups. Facial emotion recognition reached adult levels by 11 years, whereas vocal emotion recognition continued to develop in late childhood. Response bias decreased with age. For both modalities, sadness recognition was delayed across development relative to anger and happiness. The results demonstrate that developmental trajectories of emotion processing differ as a function of emotion type and stimulus modality. In addition, vocal emotion processing showed a more protracted developmental trajectory, compared to facial emotion processing. The results have important implications for programmes aiming to improve children's socio‐emotional competence.
Per a 10 protease activity modulates CD40 expression on dendritic cell surface by nuclear factor-kappaB pathway
Authors: Goel C , Kalra N , Dwarakanath B S , Gaur S N , Arora N 
Published: December 2014

SummarySerine protease activity of Per a 10 from Periplaneta americana modulates dendritic cell (DC) functions by a mechanism(s) that remains unclear. In the present study, Per a 10 protease activity on CD40 expression and downstream signalling was evaluated in DCs. Monocyte-derived DCs from cockroach-allergic patients were treated with proteolytically active/heat-inactivated Per a 10. Stimulation with active Per a 10 demonstrated low CD40 expression on DCs surface (P &lt; 0·05), while enhanced soluble CD40 level in the culture supernatant (P &lt; 0·05) compared to the heat-inactivated Per a 10, suggesting cleavage of CD40. Per a 10 activity reduced the interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion by DCs (P &lt; 0·05) compared to heat-inactivated Per a 10, indicating that low CD40 expression is associated with low levels of IL-12 secretion. Active Per a 10 stimulation caused low nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in DCs compared to heat-inactivated Per a 10. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway suppressed the CD40 expression and IL-12 secretion by DCs, further indicating that NF-κB is required for CD40 up-regulation. CD40 expression activated the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thereby suggesting its involvement in NF-κB activation. Protease activity of Per a 10 induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation that showed no significant effect on CD40 expression by DCs. However, inhibiting p38 MAPK or NF-κB suppressed the secretion of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α by DCs. Such DCs further reduced the secretion of IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α by CD4+T cells. In conclusion, protease activity of Per a 10 reduces CD40 expression on DCs. CD40 down-regulation leads to low NF-κB levels, thereby modulating DC-mediated immune responses.
White matter tract integrity and developmental outcome in newborn infants with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia
Authors: Massaro An N , Evangelou Iordanis , Fatemi Ali , Vezina Gilbert , Mccarter Robert , Glass Penny , Limperopoulos Catherine 
Published: December 2014

AimTo determine whether corpus callosum (CC) and corticospinal tract (CST) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures relate to developmental outcome in encephalopathic newborn infants after therapeutic hypothermia.MethodEncephalopathic newborn infants enrolled in a longitudinal study underwent DTI after hypothermia. Parametric maps were generated for fractional anisotropy, mean, radial, and axial diffusivity. CC and CST were segmented by DTI‐based tractography. Multiple regression models were used to examine the association of DTI measures with Bayley‐II Mental (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) at 15 months and 21 months of age.ResultsFifty‐two infants (males n=32, females n=20) underwent DTI at median age of 8 days. Two were excluded because of poor magnetic resonance imaging quality. Outcomes were assessed in 42/50 (84%) children at 15 months and 35/50 (70%) at 21 months. Lower CC and CST fractional anisotropy were associated with lower MDI and PDI respectively, even after controlling for gestational age, birth weight, sex, and socio‐economic status. There was also a direct relationship between CC axial diffusivity and MDI, while CST radial diffusivity was inversely related to PDI.InterpretationIn encephalopathic newborn infants, impaired microstructural organization of the CC and CST predicts poorer cognitive and motor performance respectively. Tractography provides a reliable method for early assessment of perinatal brain injury.
Can the results of the OSCE predict the results of clinical assessment in dental education?
Authors: Näpänkangas R. , Karaharju‐Suvanto T. , Pyörälä E. , Harila V. , Ollila P. , Lähdesmäki R. , Lahti S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe aims of this study were to evaluate the correlation between the results of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and clinical assessment and to test the reliability of OSCE test stations.Material and methodsAll 4th year undergraduate dental students (n = 47, 100%) attended the OSCE in April 2010. The students were divided into two groups (morning group, group 1; afternoon group, group 2). Groups 1 and 2 were also divided into two subgroups that attended the stations in two concurrent sessions (A and B). The OSCE included 12 10‐min test stations. Clinical assessment was based on long‐term observation during the semesters. The disciplines assessed were cross‐infection control, endodontics, paediatric dentistry, periodontology, prosthodontics and restorative dentistry.ResultsStatistical analysis using Cronbach's alpha indicated good reliability of the OSCE. The correlation between the results of the OSCE and clinical assessment in the 4th year was statistically significant in cross‐infection control (ρ = 0.340, P = 0.022), endodontics (ρ = 0.298, P = 0.047), prosthodontics (ρ = 0.296, P = 0.048) and restorative dentistry (ρ = 0.376, P = 0.011). Clinical assessment in the 5th year correlated with the OSCE results statistically significant in restorative dentistry (ρ = 0.522, P = 0.001).ConclusionBoth the OSCE and constant longitudinal assessment are needed in clinical assessment, as they both play an important role in the overall assessment.
Are Latin America's corporate elites transnationally interconnected? A network analysis of interlocking directorates
Authors: CÁRDENAS JULIÁN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractConflicting perspectives appear when thinking about the emergence of a cohesive transnational corporate network in Latin America. On the one hand, regional political integration, foreign investment growth, increased cross‐border mergers and acquisitions, and cultural and linguistic homogeneity may have fostered transnational networks among Latin America's corporate elites. On the other hand, domestic‐based business groups, family control and trade orientation to the USA may have hindered the emergence of a cohesive transnational corporate network in Latin America. Based on a network analysis of interlocking directorates among the 300 largest corporations in Latin America, I ask whether the region's corporate elites interconnect at the transnational level and form a cohesive transnational corporate network. I found few transnational interlocks, a lack of cohesion in the transnational corporate network and no regional leaders. Corporate elites in Latin America are not transnationally interconnected and so a cohesive transnational corporate network has not emerged. I discuss implications and avenues of future research.
Emotional streaming and transconnectivity: Skype and emotion practices in transnational families in Ireland
Authors: KING‐O'RIAIN REBECCA CHIYOKO 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this article I explore how transnational families, living in Ireland, use Skype to stay in touch with their loved ones. From 2010 to 2012, data were collected from a purposive, but broad sample of 36 qualitative ethnographic interviews with mixed couples (one partner identifies as Irish and one does not), throughout various parts of the Republic of Ireland. I outline how the use of Skype allows transnational families to create spaces of transconnectivity as they practise simultaneous and ongoing belonging across significant temporal and geographic distances. This affects how people ‘do’ emotions. These emotion practices often consist not only of ‘affect storage’ but also of what I call emotional streaming, promoting ongoing interaction over distance, which includes keeping Skype turned on for long periods of time. Through these attempts to try to recreate everyday practices via continuous use of Skype, transnational emotions of love and longing are deintensified.
The GeoPT Proficiency Testing Scheme for Laboratories Routinely Analysing Silicate Rocks: A Review of the Operating Protocol and Proposals for its Modification
Authors: Thompson Michael , Webb Peter C. , Potts Philip J. 
Published: December 2014

The GeoPT proficiency testing programme for geochemical laboratories has been operating for nearly 20 years. This review, based on an analysis of accumulated data and extensive experience, examines whether the protocol followed during this period continues to be appropriate. Possible changes that might be considered for future implementation are examined, in particular the procedures for calculating assigned values, target values, z‐scores and the applicability of dual fitness‐for‐purpose criteria. We conclude that the existing protocol remains largely appropriate and effective, but propose that a single fitness‐for‐purpose criterion be adopted, with an option for laboratories to recalculate their z‐scores if the criterion is inappropriate for their requirements.
Enhanced Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.65Ti0.35O3 Ceramics by ZnO Modification
Authors: Promsawat Methee , Watcharapasorn Anucha , Ye Zuo‐Guang , Jiansirisomboon Sukanda 
Published: December 2014

Phase formation, microstructures, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of ZnO‐modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.65Ti0.35O3 (PMNT/xZnO, where x = 0, 0.4, 2.0, 4.0, and 11.0 mol%) ceramics were studied. A coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal ferroelectric phases was observed at room temperature in all samples. The ceramics with the relative densities of 93%–95% were prepared. The modification by ZnO led to an increase in grain sizes of PMNT ceramics. The maximum dielectric constant of the pure PMNT ceramic was increased with x = 0.4–4.0 mol% ZnO doping, with the highest value being observed in the 2.0 mol% sample. Both the temperature at which the transition between rhombohedral and tetragonal ferroelectric phases took place (TR‐T) and the Curie temperature of the ceramics tended to increase with increasing x. The ferroelectric properties were enhanced with increased remanent polarization and P(E) loop squareness in the compositions with x = 0.4–4.0 mol%. However, the ferroelectric properties were attenuated with x = 11.0 mol%.
Phase Structure Evolution and Thermo‐Physical Properties of Nonstoichiometry Nd2−xZr2+xO7+x/2 Pyrochlore Ceramics
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhang Yu , Ye Fuxing 
Published: December 2014

Nonstoichiometry pyrochlore composites of Nd2−xZr2+xO7+x/2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) were synthesized by chemical‐coprecipitation and calcination method. The phase structure evolution and thermo‐physical properties of Nd2−xZr2+xO7+x/2 were investigated. Structural analysis by Raman spectroscopy showed that Nd2−xZr2+xO7+x/2 underwent an ordering degree decrease and a lattice distortion increase with increasing x value. Nd1.9Zr2.1O7.05 and Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1 exhibited lower thermal conductivities than Nd2Zr2O7, which might be related to the lower ordering degree and the enhanced phonon scattering due to lattice distortion. As ZrO2 content increasing, the thermal expansion coefficients of Nd2−xZr2+xO7+x/2 increased, which possibly arised from the decreased crystal energy due to reduced ordering degree.
Spark Plasma Sintering and Densification Mechanisms of Conductive Ceramics under Coupled Thermal/Electric Fields
Authors: Chen Fei , Yang Shuang , Wu Junyan , Galaviz Perez Jorge A. , Shen Qiang , Schoenung Julie M. , Lavernia Enrique J. , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: December 2014

In spark plasma sintering (SPS), thermal and electric fields are applied simultaneously as a material is densified under pressure. The interactions between these two types of physical fields influence the densification behavior during SPS. Moreover, the uniformity and spatial distribution of these fields are also influenced by sample size. In the current investigation, the densification behavior of electrically conductive aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) ceramics is studied to provide insight into the role played by the thermal and electric fields on densification mechanisms, as a function of sample size. Our results demonstrate that field uniformity and densification behavior depend on sample size, and that ultimately, this behavior can be rationalized in terms of the electrical conductivity characteristics. Our results show that in small samples with a diameter of 20 mm, both thermal and electric fields are spatially uniform, which result in homogeneous microstructure. In large samples with a diameter of 80 mm, however, spatial variations in both thermal and electric fields lead to microstructural inhomogeneities, such as incomplete particle–particle bonding. Furthermore, as the density of the AZO sample increases, the effective electrical conductivity increases due to a decrease in void/pore volume, which changes the densification mechanisms, especially for the larger sample. Thus, for effective sintering of larger samples, a two‐stage sintering sequence is proposed, which relies on the thermal field that evolves once the effective electrical conductivity increases in the sample. We provide experimental confirmation to this suggestion on the basis of results which demonstrate that by extending the hold time from 3 to 30 min, high‐density (99.4%), homogeneous AZO ceramic samples with a diameter of 80 mm can be achieved after sintering at 1200°C.
Perceived mother and father acceptance‐rejection predict four unique aspects of child adjustment across nine countries
Authors: Putnick Diane L. , Bornstein Marc H. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Malone Patrick S. , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Tapanya Sombat , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Zelli Arnaldo , Alampay Liane Peña , Al‐Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario , Bombi Anna Silvia , Chang Lei , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Oburu Paul 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundIt is generally believed that parental rejection of children leads to child maladaptation. However, the specific effects of perceived parental acceptance‐rejection on diverse domains of child adjustment and development have been incompletely documented, and whether these effects hold across diverse populations and for mothers and fathers are still open questions.MethodsThis study assessed children's perceptions of mother and father acceptance‐rejection in 1,247 families from China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States as antecedent predictors of later internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, school performance, prosocial behavior, and social competence.ResultsHigher perceived parental rejection predicted increases in internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and decreases in school performance and prosocial behavior across 3 years controlling for within‐wave relations, stability across waves, and parental age, education, and social desirability bias. Patterns of relations were similar across mothers and fathers and, with a few exceptions, all nine countries.ConclusionsChildren's perceptions of maternal and paternal acceptance‐rejection have small but nearly universal effects on multiple aspects of their adjustment and development regardless of the family's country of origin.
Moderate to severe psoriasis patients' subjective future expectations regarding health‐related quality of life and longevity
Authors: Rencz F. , Holló P. , Kárpáti S. , Péntek M. , Remenyik É. , Szegedi A. , Balogh O. , Herédi E. , Herszényi K. , Jókai H. , Brodszky V. , Gulácsi L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundUnrealistic expectations regarding treatments and clinical outcomes may lead to disappointment about therapy and sub‐optimal compliance; nonetheless, these expectations have not been studied in psoriasis patients yet.ObjectiveTo evaluate psoriasis patients' subjective future expectations regarding health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and life expectancy, and to explore clinical features associated with under‐ or overestimating behaviour.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of consecutive adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis was conducted. HRQOL expectations were recorded by applying the EQ‐5D descriptive system for 6 months ahead and for future ages of 60, 70, 80 and 90 respectively.ResultsIn total, 167 patients (71% males) were included in the analysis with mean age of 50.4 ± 12.4 years and mean EQ‐5D score of 0.71 ± 0.30. Overall 65% had chronic plaque psoriasis, 35% nail psoriasis, 35% scalp involvement, 29% psoriatic arthritis, 9% inverse psoriasis and 5% palmoplantar psoriasis respectively (combinations occurred). Participants expected 0.1 ± 0.23 mean improvement in EQ‐5D within 6 months (P < 0.001) that achieves the minimum clinically important difference. Overall 37% expected improvement and 13% decline; however, 49% expected no changes in any of the five dimensions of EQ‐5D within 6 months. Female gender, inverse or palmoplantar involvement and more severe psoriasis were likely associated with higher expectations. Patients at the initiation of their first biological at the time of the survey expected 0.18 ± 0.24 increase that seems to be realistic compared to the EQ‐5D utility gain achieved in randomized controlled trials. Males expected by 2.7 ± 11.1 more, while females expected by 5.2 ± 9.3 less life years compared to the average statistical gender‐ and age‐matched life expectancy (P < 0.05). Patients who expected to be alive at ages of 60, 70, 80 and 90 scored their future EQ‐5D at ages of 60 to 90: 0.59 ± 0.46, 0.48 ± 0.41, 0.42 ± 0.41 and 0.22 ± 0.47 respectively.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of exploring expectations that might help to increase patients' compliance.
A multifaceted intervention: no increase in general practitioners' competence to diagnose skin cancer (minSKIN) – randomized controlled trial
Authors: Badertscher N. , Tandjung R. , Senn O. , Kofmehl R. , Held U. , Rosemann T. , Hofbauer G.F.L. , Wensing M. , Rossi P.O. , Braun R.P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) play crucial roles in early detection of skin cancer. A pilot‐study found a positive short‐term effect of a 1‐day dermatologic education programme on GPs' diagnostic competence.ObjectiveTo determine effects of a multifaceted intervention, including technical equipment and continuing feedback by a dermatologist, on GPs' diagnostic skills regarding skin cancer.MethodsRandomized controlled trial with 78 GPs of the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Intervention: GPs in intervention group received a 1‐day training, a Lumio© (magnifying glass with polarized light, 3Gen), a Nikon digital camera and – during 1 year – feedback on skin lesion pictures sent to the dermatologist. GPs in control group only received the 1‐day training. Main outcome and measures: Primary outcome: structured assessment of GP's diagnostic skills in correctly diagnosing images of skin lesions regarding skin cancer. At baseline prior to intervention (T0), after the full‐day training course in both groups (T1), and after 1 year of continuing feedback (T2) to the intervention group. Measures: Non‐parametric unpaired (Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney) tests were used to compare numbers of correctly classified skin lesions between both groups at T2 and for the change between T1 and T2.ResultsAt T0, both groups classified a median of 23 skin lesions of the 36 images correctly. This value rose to 28 for both groups at T1 and fell to 24 for both groups at T2. No difference between control and intervention group at T2. Furthermore, we compared differences in the sum scores per GP between T1 and T2 for each group. Also in this comparison, no difference between control and intervention group was found.Conclusion and relevanceNo long‐term effect of the multifaceted intervention was found on the competence to diagnose skin cancer by GPs. The positive short‐term effect of the 1‐day dermatologic education programme did not persist over 12 months.
The role of phenotype, body mass index, parental and sun exposure factors in the prevalence of melanocytic nevi among schoolchildren in Lithuania
Authors: Kontautiene S. , Stang A. , Gollnick H. , Valiukeviciene S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence and number of melanocytic nevi (MN) are among the most important known risk factors for the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM).ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of MN among schoolchildren and its relationship with phenotype, body mass index (BMI), parental and sun exposure factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on N = 1277 schoolchildren aged 7–19 years old in Kaunas city, Lithuania. Subjects were interviewed using a self‐administered questionnaire and were assessed by a dermatologist. MN of all sizes and ≥2 mm in diameter were counted; phenotypic features and skin phototype were defined. BMI and body surface area (BSA) were calculated. Whole‐body MN counts were expressed both as totals and as counts per unit of BSA – MN density (MND). Biological parents completed questionnaires regarding nevus counts, family history of skin cancer and CM.ResultsThe numbers of all sizes and ≥2 mm MN increased according to age, respectively, from median values of 44 (IQR 28, 60) and 5 (IQR 2, 8) at the age of 7–9 years to 85 (IQR 55, 128) and 16 (IQR 8, 30) at the age of 16–19 years. A higher MND was found in children with light skin colour (P < 0.001), I‐II skin phototype (P < 0.001), extensive facial freckling (P < 0.005) and multiple nevi on the father's and mother's arms (P < 0.05). 20.2% of pupils were overweight or obese, 130 males and 118 females. Overweight and obese children had a higher all sizes MND (P = 0.033, P = 0.044). Acquired suntan at the end of summer was associated with a higher all sizes MND (P < 0.05), outdoor activities at midday – with a higher ≥2 mm MND (P = 0.047) respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MN among schoolchildren is age‐dependent and strongly determined by skin colour, skin phototype, facial freckling and BMI. Parental nevus numbers, acquired suntan and outdoor activities at midday must be considered.