bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of fluorescence and photosynthesis for interpreting measurements of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: van der Tol C. , Berry J. A. , Campbell P. K. E. , Rascher U. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe have extended a conventional photosynthesis model to simulate field and laboratory measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence at the leaf scale. The fluorescence paramaterization is based on a close nonlinear relationship between the relative light saturation of photosynthesis and nonradiative energy dissipation in plants of different species. This relationship diverged only among examined data sets under stressed (strongly light saturated) conditions, possibly caused by differences in xanthophyll pigment concentrations. The relationship was quantified after analyzing data sets of pulse amplitude modulated measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange of leaves of different species exposed to different levels of light, CO2, temperature, nitrogen fertilization treatments, and drought. We used this relationship in a photosynthesis model. The coupled model enabled us to quantify the relationships between steady state chlorophyll fluorescence yield, electron transport rate, and photosynthesis in leaves under different environmental conditions.
A mixed‐layer model study of the stratocumulus response to changes in large‐scale conditions
Authors: De Roode Stephan R. , Siebesma A. Pier , Dal Gesso Sara , Jonker Harm J. J. , Schalkwijk Jerôme , Sival Jasper 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA mixed‐layer model is used to study the response of stratocumulus equilibrium state solutions to perturbations of cloud controlling factors which include the sea surface temperature, the specific humidity and temperature in the free troposphere, as well as the large‐scale divergence and horizontal wind speed. In the first set of experiments, we assess the effect of a change in a single forcing condition while keeping the entrainment rate fixed, while in the second set, the entrainment rate is allowed to respond. The role of the entrainment rate is exemplified from an experiment in which the sea surface temperature is increased. An analysis of the budget equation for heat and moisture demonstrates that for a fixed entrainment rate, the stratocumulus liquid water path (LWP) will increase since the moistening from the surface evaporation dominates the warming effect. By contrast, if the response of the entrainment rate to the change in the surface forcing is sufficiently strong, enhanced mixing of dry and warm inversion air will cause a thinning of the cloud layer. If the entrainment warming effect is sufficiently strong, the surface sensible heat flux will decrease, as opposed to an increase which will occur for a fixed entrainment rate. It is argued that the surface evaporation will always increase for an increase in the sea surface temperature, and this change will be enlarged if the entrainment rate increases. These experiments aid the interpretation of results of similar simulations with single‐column model versions of climate models carried out in the framework of the CFMIP‐GCSS Intercomparison of Large‐Eddy and Single‐Column Models (CGILS) project. Because in a large‐scale models, the entrainment response to changes in the large‐scale forcing conditions depends on the details of the parameterization of turbulent and convective transport, intermodel differences in the sign of the LWP response may be well attributable to differences in the entrainment response.
Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements‐Gauss Markov model: Improved specifications with multiple data types
Authors: Gardner L. C. , Schunk R. W. , Scherliess L. , Sojka J. J. , Zhu L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Earth's ionosphere is a highly dynamic region that is almost constantly in a state of flux. Solar radiation, geomagnetic activity, chemical reactions, and natural dynamics all act to perturb the state of the ionosphere. The ionosphere changes on time scales of hours to days, with the fine‐scale ionospheric structures that are frequently observed lacking in global physics‐based models due to time step and spatial resolution constraints. To properly specify the ionosphere, data are needed, thus data assimilation. The Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements‐Gauss Markov (GAIM‐GM) model uses a data assimilation method to correct a physics‐based model of the ionosphere using five different data types, divided into nine different data sources. Multiple data types are necessary because the data from any individual data source will not be sufficient for global reconstructions. The GAIM‐GM specification (in real time) can then be used to correct for ionospheric propagation delays, thereby improving geolocation and communications. The focus here is to show the quantitative effects that multiple data types have on GAIM‐GM ionospheric specifications for a relatively quiet day (19 April) in 2012.
Using Participant Choice to Enhance Memory Performance
Authors: Weger Ulrich W. , Loughnan Stephen 
Published: November 2014

SummaryWhen patients are involved in deciding the course of treatment for their ailment and are given a chance to choose between different treatment options, the success of the intervention typically increases. In our study we transferred this approach to a cognitive psychology task and investigated whether treatment choice can enhance participants' memory performance. Participants who were free to choose one out of a selection of alleged cognitive enhancers showed better performance than those who were assigned an enhancer. We also found that performance‐expectations have a stronger impact when triggered prior to the encoding as opposed to the retrieval stage and thus appear to be more effective at a point when participants exercise a greater degree of cognitive control. The findings are of relevance in contexts where it can be assumed that participants have knowledge about their own needs and can in turn capitalize on this knowledge when given the opportunity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron Nitrate/TEMPO: a Superior Homogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Nitriles in Air
Authors: Dighe Shashikant U. , Chowdhury Deepan , Batra Sanjay 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA highly practical, one‐step, facile synthesis of aromatic, heteroaromatic, allylic and aliphatic nitriles from primary alcohols catalyzed by ferric nitrate [Fe(NO3)3⋅9H2O] in the presence of TEMPO, aqueous ammonia and air at room temperature is described.magnified image
Variations of lamina papyracea position from the endoscopic view: a retrospective computed tomography analysis
Authors: Herzallah Islam R. , Marglani Osama A. , Shaikh Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundAccidental injury of lamina papyracea (LP) remains one of the most common complications reported in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) even in most recent studies. The purpose of this study was to categorize the LP position radiologically and from an endoscopic perspective.MethodsA total of 207 computed tomography (CT) scans (414 sides) including both diseased and control groups were retrospectively reviewed by 2 examiners. Inferior turbinate attachment to the lateral nasal wall and the inferior margin of the planned middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) were identified anteriorly. Position of LP in relation to the vertical line passing through MMA inferior margin was reported. LP was categorized to lie either within 2 mm on either side of the MMA inferior margin (type I), more than 2 mm medial to the MMA line (type IIa: 2 to 4 mm; type IIb: >4 mm), or more than 2 mm lateral to the MMA line (type IIIa: 2 to 4 mm; type IIIb: >4 mm).ResultsOf the 221 sides in the control group, 69.7% were classified as type I, 24.9% as type II, and 5.5% as type III. Among the 193 diseased operated sides examined, 60.1% were classified as type I, 20.2% as type II, and 13.5% as type III. Weighted kappa coefficient showed good interexaminer reliability. Five sides (2.6%) in the case group had accidental LP penetration intraoperatively, 4 of them were type II and type III LP.ConclusionThis study improves surgeons’ awareness of LP variations in the endoscopic field and can be of help for residents in training.
Terminal Phosphanido Rhodium Complexes Mediating Catalytic PP and PC Bond Formation
Authors: Geer Ana M. , Serrano Ángel L. , de Bruin Bas , Ciriano Miguel A. , Tejel Cristina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractComplexes with terminal phosphanido (MPR2) functionalities are believed to be crucial intermediates in new catalytic processes involving the formation of PP and PC bonds. We showcase here the isolation and characterization of mononuclear phosphanide rhodium complexes ([RhTp(H)(PR2)L]) that result from the oxidative addition of secondary phosphanes, a reaction that was also explored computationally. These compounds are active catalysts for the dehydrocoupling of PHPh2 to Ph2PPPh2. The hydrophosphination of dimethyl maleate and the unactivated olefin ethylene is also reported. Reliable evidence for the prominent role of mononuclear phosphanido rhodium species in these reactions is also provided.
Metal‐Free Radical 5‐exo‐dig Cyclizations of Phenol‐Linked 1,6‐Enynes for the Synthesis of Carbonylated Benzofurans
Authors: Hu Ming , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new metal‐free radical 5‐exo‐dig cyclization of phenol‐linked 1,6‐enynes with O2, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), and tBuONO is described. With this general method, carbonylated benzofurans can be accessed through incorporation of two oxygen atoms into the product from O2 and TEMPO through dioxygen activation and oxidative cleavage of the NO bond, respectively.
Enantiotopos‐Selective CH Oxygenation Catalyzed by a Supramolecular Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Frost James R. , Huber Stefan M. , Breitenlechner Stefan , Bannwarth Christoph , Bach Thorsten 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSpirocyclic oxindoles undergo an enantioselective oxygenation reaction (nine examples; e.r. up to 97:3) upon catalysis by a chiral ruthenium porphyrin complex (1 mol %). The catalyst exhibits a lactam ring, which is responsible for substrate association through hydrogen bonds, and an active ruthenium center, which is in a defined spatial relationship to the oxygenation substrate. DFT calculations illustrate the perfect alignment of the active site with the reactive CH bond and suggest—in line with the kinetic isotope effect—an oxygen rebound mechanism for the reaction.
Synthesis of a Stable Selenoaldehyde by Self‐Catalyzed Thermal Dehydration of a Primary‐Alkyl‐Substituted Selenenic Acid
Authors: Sase Shohei , Kakimoto Ryo , Goto Kei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe unprecedented dehydration of a selenenic acid (RCH2SeOH) to a selenoaldehyde (RCHSe) has been demonstrated. A primary‐alkyl‐substituted selenenic acid was synthesized for the first time by taking advantage of a bulky cavity‐shaped substituent. Upon heating in solution, the selenenic acid underwent thermal dehydration to produce a stable selenoaldehyde, which was isolated as stable crystals and crystallographically characterized. Investigation of the reaction mechanism revealed that this β dehydration reaction involves two processes, both of which reflect the characteristics of a selenenic acid: 1) dehydrative condensation of two molecules of selenenic acid to generate a selenoseleninate intermediate [RCH2SeSe(O)CH2R], an isomer of a selenenic anhydride, and 2) subsequent β elimination of the selenenic acid from this intermediate to form a CSe double bond, which establishes the self‐catalyzed β dehydration of the selenenic acid.
Chemical Assembly Systems: Layered Control for Divergent, Continuous, Multistep Syntheses of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Ghislieri Diego , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhile continuous chemical processes have attracted both academic and industrial interest, virtually all active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are still produced by using multiple distinct batch processes. To date, methods for the divergent multistep continuous production of customizable small molecules are not available. A chemical assembly system was developed, in which flow‐reaction modules are linked together in an interchangeable fashion to give access to a wide breadth of chemical space. Control at three different levels—choice of starting material, reagent, or order of reaction modules—enables the synthesis of five APIs that represent three different structural classes (γ‐amino acids, γ‐lactams, β‐amino acids), including the blockbuster drugs Lyrica and Gabapentin, in good overall yields (49–75 %).
Ultrathin Cerium Orthovanadate Nanobelts for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: He Junzhi , Zhao Junhong , Run Zhen , Sun Mengjun , Pang Huan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUltrathin CeVO4 nanobelts were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The thickness of a single nanobelt is about 2.4 nm, which can effectively shorten the ion diffusion and fasten the charge pathway. More importantly, ultrathin CeVO4 nanobelts and graphene are easily assembled as a flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric device, which shows a highly flexible property and achieves a maximum energy density of 0.78 mW h cm−3 and a high life cycle of >6000 cycles.
Chebulin: Terminalia chebula Retz. fruit‐derived peptide with angiotensin‐I–converting enzyme inhibitory activity
Authors: Sornwatana Thakorn , Bangphoomi Kunan , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Wetprasit Nuanchawee , Choowongkomon Kiattawee , Ratanapo Sunanta 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAngiotensin‐I–converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in blood pressure regulation. In this study, an ACE–hexapeptide inhibitor (Asp–Glu–Asn–Ser–Lys–Phe) designated as chebulin was produced from the fruit protein of Terminalia chebula Retz. by pepsin digestion, ultrafiltrated through a 3 KDa cut‐off membrane, a reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, and nano‐liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Chebulin was found to inhibit ACE in a noncompetitive manner, as supported by the structural model. It bounds to ACE by the hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and ionic interactions via the interactions of C‐terminal Phe (Phe‐6), and N‐terminal residues (Asp‐1 and Glu‐2) with the amino acid residues on noncatalytic sites of the ACE. The results showed that chebulin derived from fruits of T. chebula Retz. is a potential ACE–peptide inhibitor that could be used as a functional food additive for the prevention of hypertension and as an alternative to ACE inhibitor drug.
Possible involvement of cationic‐drug sensitive transport systems in the blood‐to‐brain influx and brain‐to‐blood efflux of amantadine across the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Suzuki Toyofumi , Fukami Toshiro , Tomono Kazuo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize the brain‐to‐blood efflux transport of amantadine across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The apparentin vivoefflux rate constant for [3H]amantadine from the rat brain (keff) was found to be 1.53 × 10‐2 min‐1after intracerebral microinjection using the brain efflux index method. The efflux of [3H]amantadine was inhibited by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a cationic neurotoxin, suggesting that amantadine transport from the brain to the blood across the BBB potentially involves the rat plasma membrane monoamine transporter (rPMAT). On the other hand, other selected substrates for organic cation transporters (OCTs) and organic anion transporters (OATs), as well as inhibitors of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), did not affect the efflux transport of [3H]amantadine. In addition,in vitrostudies using an immortalized rat brain endothelial cell line (GPNT) showed that the uptake and retention of [3H]amantadine by the cells was not changed by the addition of cyclosporin, which is an inhibitor of P‐gp. However, cyclosporin affected the uptake and retention of rhodamine123. Finally, the initial brain uptake of [3H]amantadine was determined using anin situmouse brain perfusion technique. Notably, the brain uptake clearance for [3H]amantadine was significantly decreased with the co‐perfusion of quinidine or verapamil, which are cationic P‐gp inhibitors, while MPP+did not have a significant effect. It is thus concluded that while P‐gp is not involved, it is possible that rPMAT and the cationic drug‐sensitive transport system participate in the brain‐to‐blood efflux and the blood‐to‐brain influx of amantadine across the BBB, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous evaluation of human CYP3A4 and ABCB1 induction by reporter assay in LS174T cells, stably expressing their reporter genes
Authors: Inami Keita , Sasaki Takamitsu , Kumagai Takeshi , Nagata Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe bioavailability of orally administered therapies are often significantly limited in the human intestine by the metabolic activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Predicting whether candidate compounds induce CYP3A4 and P‐gp is a crucial stage in the drug development process, as drug–drug interactions may result in the induction of intestinal CYP3A4 and P‐gp. However, the assay systems needed to evaluate both CYP3A4 and P‐gp induction in the intestine are yet to be established. To address this urgent requirement, LS174T cells were used to create two stable cell lines expressing the CYP3A4 or ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1, encoding P‐gp) reporter genes. First, these stable cells were tested by treatment with 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9‐cis‐retinoic acid (9‐cis RA) that induce CYP3A4 and P‐gp in the intestines. All these compounds significantly increased both CYP3A4 and ABCB1 reporter activities in the stable cell lines. To simultaneously assess the induction of CYP3A4 and ABCB1, both stable cells were co‐cultivated to measure their reporter activities. The mixed cells showed a significant increase in the CYP3A4 and ABCB1 reporter activities following treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, ATRA, and 9‐cis RA. These activity levels were maintained after passaging more than 20 times and following multiple freeze–thaw cycles. These results demonstrate that our established cell lines can be used to evaluate simultaneously CYP3A4 and ABCB1 induction in the intestines, providing a valuable in vitro model for the evaluation of future drug candidates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel insights on the DNA interaction of calicheamicin γ1I
Authors: Sissi Claudia , Moro Stefano , Crothers Donald M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCalicheamicin γ1I (Cal) is a unique molecule in which a DNA binding motif (aryl‐tetrasaccharide) is linked to a DNA cleaving moiety (calicheamicinone). The hallmark of this natural product rests in the impressive optimization of these two mechanisms leading to a drug that is extremely efficient in cleaving DNA at well‐defined sites. However, the relative contributions of these two structurally distinct domains to the overall process have not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we used different experimental approaches to better dissect the role of the aryl‐tetrasaccharide and the enediyne moieties in the DNA sequence selective binding step as well as the in the cleavage reaction. Our results highlight the remarkable cooperation of the two components in producing an amazing molecular machine. The herein presented molecular details of this concerted mechanism of action can be further applied to rationally design more druggable compounds. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 449–459, 2015.
Rationale, development, implementation, and initial results of a fast track protocol for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
Authors: Marcantuono Rebecca , Gutsche Jacob , Burke‐Julien Maureen , Anwaruddin Saif , Augoustides John G. , Jones David , Mangino – Blanchard Lisa , Hoke Nicole , Houseman Stephanie , Li Robert , Patel Prakash , Stetson Robert , Walsh Elizabeth , Szeto Wilson Y. , Herrmann Howard C. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe care pathway for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), particularly in the US, was initially based on open surgical techniques and often includes general anesthesia, transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring, and cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Whether a subgroup of patients could benefit from early extubation, fewer days in the ICU, and early ambulation in terms of both cost and effectiveness is unknown.Methods and ResultsA fast track (FT) protocol was initiated at two institutions in our health system with specific inclusion criteria. Patients with complications or morbidity post procedure deemed ineligible to continue on the FT pathway were designated as deviations. Baseline characteristics, success and deviations, subsequent course, and direct costs were compared for FT eligible and ineligible patients over a 6‐month study period. Among 99 patients undergoing Transfemoral TAVR, 39 (39%) met FT inclusion criteria. The mean age of eligible and ineligible patients was similar at 85 years, but by design, eligible patients had fewer co‐morbid conditions. Successful completion of the FT protocol was achieved in 28 patients (72%). Patients on the FT had shorter ICU stays (28 ± 103 vs 45 ± 46 hours, P < 0.0001) and post‐operative length of stay (4.3 ± 4.4 vs 7.2 ± 5.3 days, P < 0.0001), and incurred lower direct costs ($44,923 ± $14,187 vs $56, 339 ± 17,808, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIt is feasible to identify a large percentage of suitable patients preprocedure who are eligible for a FT postprocedure care pathway. There was no evidence for compromise of care and successful completion of the pathway was associated with shorter length of stay and fewer direct costs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The incremental impact of residual SYNTAX score on long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease treated by percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Witberg Guy , Lavi Ifat , Assali Abid , Vaknin‐Assa Hana , Lev Eli , Kornowski Ran 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo broaden the data supporting the use of the residual SYNTAX score (rSS) to define “reasonable” incomplete coronary revascularization (ICR) in order to improve the allocation of patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) to surgical/percutaneous revascularization and long‐term clinical outcomes.IntroductionICR is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with severe CAD, yet no consensus exists regarding its definition.MethodsWe studied 148 consecutive patients with triple vessel/left main (3VD/LM) CVD treated by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Clinical outcomes at 3 years were collected; the SS and rSS were calculated. We used various definitions of “reasonable” ICR:no post‐PCI total occlusion, single vs. mutivessel residual post‐PCI disease, and the rSS at a cutoff value determined according to ROC curve fitted for 3 years major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events (MACCE) in order to determine which definition has the strongest correlation with long‐term outcomes.ResultsrSS ≤ 8 was associated with significant reductions in 3 year MACCE (19.4 vs. 51.1%, HR = 3.62, P = 0.014) Death/MI/CVA (13.7 vs. 28.8%, HR = 6.01, P = 0.030) and repeat revascularization (8.6 vs. 28.9%, HR = 3.44, P = 0.033) using a Cox proportional hazard ratio model adjusted to baseline characteristics, whereas single vessel residual disease and absence of total occlusion were not.Conclusions“Reasonable” ICR as determined by rSS carries better long‐term prognosis in terms of clinical outcomes vs. more extensive residual coronary disease in patients with 3VD/LM coronary artery disease treated by PCI. The rSS may improve the allocation of coronary patients to the optimal mode of revascularization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.