bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional trends indicate fishing pressure on marine fish assemblages
Authors: Henriques Sofia , Pais Miguel P. , Vasconcelos Rita P. , Murta Alberto , Azevedo Manuela , Costa Maria J. , Cabral Henrique N. 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Conservation science increasingly focuses on how ecosystem functioning is affected by anthropogenic pressures, which implies an understanding of the structural and functional changes in biological assemblages and requires indicators to detect such changes within a suitable time frame.

A novel approach that combines the spatial analysis of fishing gradients (based on vessel monitoring system records) with distance‐based linear models was used to assess the response of several functional and structural metrics of fish assemblages to gradients of trawling, within four distinct habitat types. In addition, critical thresholds of trawling intensity were identified for the most sensitive metrics through piecewise regression models.

Overall, total biomass and dominance (i.e. number of species that make up 90% of the total biomass) metrics as well as metrics representing vulnerable features (such as chondrichthyes, species with very low resilience and sedentary species) were shown to be sensitive to fishing. Our results suggest that decreasing trends in these indicators are likely to be associated with direct and indirect fishing effects acting synergistically on specific features of fish assemblages leading to its homogenization, with likely impacts on ecosystems resilience.

Critical thresholds at high, medium and low fishing intensity levels were identified depending on the metric used to assess fishing impacts, suggesting that it is difficult to define a single global target for fishing management as it ultimately will depend on management and conservation objectives (e.g. maintenance of biomass vs. maintenance of structure and function).

Synthesis and applications. A key goal of the applied approach was to provide short‐term indicators that are sensitive to gradients of trawling intensity and can be extrapolated to a broader geographical region. The identification of thresholds of fishing pressure that fish assemblages can withstand before ecosystem functioning is altered is key for the development of indicators as warning mechanisms, as well as to assess performance measures for management. Understanding responses to other pressure sources (e.g. pollution, dredging) requires further research, and combining an integrative functional traits approach with a wider range of pressures may help make this achievable.
Prevalence, extent and severity of severe periodontal destruction in an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population
Authors: Roberts‐Thomson KF , Do LG , Bartold PM , Daniels J , Grosse A , Meihubers S 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to document the three main indicators of severe periodontal destruction and to evaluate factors associated with those indicators in an urban Indigenous population in Australia.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of a convenience sample of Aboriginal adults from an Australian urban area was undertaken. Socio‐demographic data and smoking status were collected by interview and health status by a medical record audit. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) was used to determine prevalence, extent and severity of severe periodontitis. Factors with significant association with periodontal indicators at bivariate level were further included in multivariable analysis controlling for age and gender.ResultsA total of 251 Aboriginal adults participated in the study. The proportion with severe periodontitis was 11.9% (95% CI: 7.6–16.3), extent: 5.0% (95% CI: 3.3–6.7) and severity: 5.3 mm (95% CI: 5.0–5.6). These estimates are significantly higher than that of other Australians. Current smokers had significantly higher prevalence rate (PR) of severe periodontitis: PR = 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3–6.0). People with diabetes and current smokers had significantly higher extent of sites with CAL 6+ mm: 1.9 (1.1–3.3) and 2.1 (1.2–3.6) respectively. Having diabetes was associated with significantly higher severity score (β: 0.96 (SE: 0.47)).ConclusionsA high proportion of this urban Aboriginal population had severe periodontal disease related to smoking and diabetes.
A randomised crossover comparison of manikin ventilation through Soft Seal®, i‐gel™ and AuraOnce™ supraglottic airway devices by surf lifeguards
Authors: Adelborg K. , Al‐Mashhadi R. H. , Nielsen L. H. , Dalgas C. , Mortensen M. B. , Løfgren B. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryForty surf lifeguards attempted to ventilate a manikin through one out of three supraglottic airways inserted in random order: the Portex® Soft Seal®; the Intersurgical® i‐gel™; and the Ambu® AuraOnce™. We recorded the time to ventilate and the proportion of inflations that were successful, without and then with concurrent chest compressions. The mean (SD) time to ventilate with the Soft Seal, i‐gel and AuraOnce was 35.2 (7.2)s, 15.6 (3.3)s and 35.1 (8.5) s, respectively, p < 0.0001. Concurrent chest compression prolonged the time to ventilate by 5.0 (1.3–8.1)%, p = 0.0072. The rate of successful ventilations through the Soft Seal (100%) was more than through the AuraOnce (92%), p < 0.0001, neither of which was different from the i‐gel (97%). The mean (SD) tidal volumes through the Soft Seal, i‐gel and AuraOnce were 0.65 (0.14) l, 0.50 (0.16) l and 0.39 (0.19) l, respectively. Most lifeguards (85%) preferred the i‐gel. Ventilation through supraglottic airway devices may be considered for resuscitation by surf lifeguards.
Validation of the colour difference plot scoring system analysis of the 103 hexagon multifocal electroretinogram in the evaluation of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity
Authors: Graves Gabrielle S. , Adam Murtaza K. , Stepien Kimberly E. , Han Dennis P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of colour difference plot analysis (CDPA) of 103 hexagon multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in detecting established hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity.MethodsTwenty‐three patients taking HCQ were divided into those with and without retinal toxicity and were compared with a control group without retinal disease and not taking HCQ. CDPA with two masked examiners was performed using age‐corrected mfERG responses in the central ring (Rc; 0–5.5 degrees from fixation) and paracentral ring (Rp; 5.5–11 degrees from fixation). An abnormal ring was defined as containing any hexagons with a difference in two or more standard deviations from normal (colour blue or black).ResultsCategorical analysis (ring involvement or not) showed Rc had 83% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Rp had 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity. Requiring abnormal hexagons in both Rc and Rp yielded sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 95%, respectively. If required in only one ring, they were 89% and 80%, respectively. In this population, there was complete agreement in identifying toxicity when comparing CDPA using Rp with ring ratio analysis using R5/R4 P1 ring responses (89% sensitivity and 95% specificity). Continuous analysis of CDPA with receiver operating characteristic analysis showed optimized detection (83% sensitivity and 96% specificity) when ≥4 abnormal hexagons were present anywhere within the Rp ring outline. Intergrader agreement and reproducibility were good.ConclusionsColour difference plot analysis had sensitivity and specificity that approached that of ring ratio analysis of R5/R4 P1 responses. Ease of implementation and reproducibility are notable advantages of CDPA.
Ultrasound assessment of ocular vascular effects of repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for wet age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Bonnin Philippe , Pournaras Jean‐Antoine C. , Makowiecka Katarzyna , Krivosic Valerie , Kedra Antoni W. , Le Gargasson Jean‐François , Gaudric Alain , Levy Bernard I. , Cohen Yves S. , Tadayoni Ramin , Massin Pascale 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurposeDetermine the effect of repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (0.5 mg; 0.05 ml) on retrobulbar blood flow velocities (BFVs) using ultrasound imaging quantification in twenty patients with exudative age‐related macular degeneration treated for 6 months.MethodsVisual acuity (ETDRS), central macular thickness (OCT), peak‐systolic, end‐diastolic and mean‐BFVs in central retinal (CRA), temporal posterior ciliary (TPCA) and ophthalmic (OA) arteries were measured before, 2 days, 3 weeks and 6 months after the first injection. Patients were examined monthly and received 1–5 additional injections depending on ophthalmologic examination results.ResultsSix months after the first injection, a significant increase in visual acuity 50.9 ± 25.9 versus 44.4 ± 21.7 (p < 0.01) and decrease in mean central macular thickness 267 ± 74 versus 377 ± 115 μm (p < 0.001) were observed compared to baseline. Although mean‐BFVs decreased by 16%±3% in CRA and 20%±5% in TPCA (p < 0.001) 2 days after the first injection, no significant change was seen thereafter. Mean‐BFVs in OA decreased by 19%±5% at week 3 (p < 0.001). However, the smallest number of injections (two injections) was associated with the longest time interval between the last injection and month 6 (20 weeks) and with the best return to baseline levels for mean‐BFVs in CRA, suggesting that ranibizumab had reversible effects on native retinal vascular supply after its discontinuation. Moreover, a significant correlation between the number of injections and percentage of changes in mean‐BFVs in CRA was observed at month 6 (R = 0.74, p < 0.001) unlike TPCA or OA.ConclusionRanibizumab could impair the native choroidal and retinal vascular networks, but its effect seems reversible after its discontinuation.
Task‐related changes in sensorimotor integration influence the common synaptic input to motor neurones
Authors: Laine C. M. , Yavuz Ş. U. , Farina D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimThe purpose of this investigation was to understand how visual information, when used to guide muscle activity, influences the frequency content of the neural drive to muscles and the gain of afferent feedback.MethodsSubjects maintained static, isometric contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle by matching a visual display of their ankle dorsiflexion force to a target set at 10% of their maximum voluntary contraction level. Two visual feedback conditions were studied. The first was a high‐sensitivity feedback, in which small changes in force were of large on‐screen visual magnitude. The second was a low‐sensitivity feedback, in which the on‐screen scaling of feedback was reduced by a factor of 10, making small force fluctuations difficult to perceive. Force tremor andHoffmann reflex (H‐reflex) amplitudes were compared between the two conditions, as well as coherence among single motor unit spike trains derived from high‐densityEMGrecordings.ResultsThe high‐sensitivity feedback condition was associated with lower error, larger force tremor (4–12 Hz) and largerH‐reflex amplitudes relative to the low‐sensitivity feedback condition. In addition, the use of high‐sensitivity feedback was associated with lower 1–5 Hz coherence among pairs of motor units, but larger coherence at high frequencies (6–12, approx. 20, >30 Hz).ConclusionAlteration of visual feedback influences nearly the entire frequency spectrum of common input to motor neurones, as well the gain of afferent feedback. We speculate that task‐related modulation of afferent feedback could be the origin of many of the observed changes in the neural drive to muscles.
Not all patients need to be discussed in a colorectal cancer MDT meeting
Authors: Ryan J. , Faragher I. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimIt is recommended that patients with cancer should be managed in the context of a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Alternatively, proponents of the standard model of care propose that the well‐informed treating doctor is able to make the appropriate plan for each patient, making the need for a MDT meeting redundant. We compared the management plans made within a colorectal cancer MDT with routine care.MethodConsecutive cases presenting to the colorectal MDT were prospectively assessed. Before the meeting management plans were made, based on routine care pathways. These were compared with plans made at the MDT meeting and discrepancies recorded. The number of patients who generated beneficial discussion was recorded.ResultsThere were 261 discussions regarding the care of 197 patients. In the 203 cases where the pathways were relevant, patient management was consistent with the pathway in 94% of the cases discussed. Discussion of routine cases of colon cancer rarely changed management (3.4%). Conversely, management changed after MDT discussion in 50% of complex cases (the preoperative management of rectal cancer, recurrence, metastatic disease and malignant polyps). The postoperative discussion of pathology findings rarely generated beneficial discussion.ConclusionDiscussion of routine cases of colon cancer in our MDT rarely changed management, but it did change the decisions regarding complex cases or in patients with unusual pathology. We propose a two‐tiered approach to the MDT where all patients are listed for a MDT meeting but only patients with complex pathology are discussed in detail.
Predicting neurocognitive and behavioural outcome after early brain insult
Authors: Anderson Vicki A , Spencer‐Smith Megan M , Coleman Lee , Anderson Peter J , Greenham Mardee , Jacobs Rani , Lee Katherine J , Leventer Richard J 
Published: February 2014

AimsThe aims of the study were to investigate (1) the impact of age at brain insult on functional outcome and (2) the influence of insult and environmental factors on cognitive and behavioural outcomes.MethodThe study was a cross‐sectional, retrospective observational study, involving 138 children (76 males, 62 females; mean age 13y 1mo, SD 1y 11mo, range 10–16y) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of focal brain insult sustained from the first trimester of pregnancy to adolescence. Children underwent MRI and intellectual, executive, behavioural, and social evaluation. Outcome predictors were insult (lesion location, laterality, and extent, history of seizures, age at insult) and environmental (social risk and family function) factors.ResultsFocal insult before the age of 3 years was associated with poorer outcomes than insult after the age of 3 years across all domains. For IQ outcomes, insult characteristics and seizures were highly predictive. For executive and behavioural domains, family function and social risk had the greatest impact. Earlier age at insult predicted poorer social competence.InterpretationFocal brain insult before age 3 years has devastating consequences for children's development. Findings suggest that greater emphasis should be placed on providing early intervention for children who sustain early focal brain insults.
Influence of traumatic dental injury on quality of life of Brazilian preschool children and their families
Authors: Viegas Cláudia Marina , Paiva Saul Martins , Carvalho Anita Cruz , Scarpelli Ana Carolina , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Pordeus Isabela Almeida 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of traumatic dental injury (TDI) on the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Brazilian preschool children and their families.Material and methodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with 1632 children of both sexes aged 60–71 months in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Data on OHRQoL were collected using the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B‐ECOHIS), which was self‐administered by parents/caregivers to record their perceptions regarding the oral health of their children. A questionnaire addressing demographic and socio‐economic data was also sent to parents/caregivers. Oral examinations of the children were performed by a single, previously calibrated dentist (intraexaminer and interexaminer agreement: kappa ≥ 0.83) for the assessment of the prevalence and type of TDI using the diagnostic criteria proposed by Andreasen et al. [2007]. Bivariate and multiple Poisson regression analyses were performed, with the level of significance set at 5%.ResultsThe prevalence of negative impact from oral conditions on quality of life was 36.8% and 31.4% for children and families, respectively. TDI was not significantly associated with OHRQoL. Tooth avulsion remained in final multiple models of child OHRQoL [PR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.02–1.85] and family OHRQoL [PR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.12–2.14]. Tooth discolouration remained in the final multiple models of family OHRQoL [PR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.05–1.44].ConclusionsThe presence of TDI in Brazilian preschool children has no impact on quality of life of the children or their families. However, tooth avulsion is associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL in both groups, and tooth discolouration is associated with a negative impact on family OHRQoL.
The Effect of Study Abroad Homestay Placements: Participant Perspectives and Oral Proficiency Gains
Authors: Di Silvio Francesca , Donovan Anne , Malone Margaret E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough the study abroad homestay context is commonly considered the ideal environment for language learning, host‐student interactions may be limited. The present study explored how language development of students of Spanish, Mandarin, and Russian related to student and host family perspectives on the homestay experience. The study used pretest and posttest Simulated Oral Proficiency Interviews to investigate student oral proficiency gains and surveys to examine beliefs of these students (n = 152) and their hosts (n = 87). Students and families were generally positive about the homestay, with significant variation based on language. A significant relationship was found between students' oral proficiency gains and their being glad to have lived with a host family. Significant correlations were also found between students' language learning satisfaction and their satisfaction with the homestay.
Model collaboration for the improved assessment of biomass supply, demand, and impacts
Authors: Wicke Birka , van der Hilst Floor , Daioglou Vassilis , Banse Martin , Beringer Tim , Gerssen‐Gondelach Sarah , Heijnen Sanne , Karssenberg Derek , Laborde David , Lippe Melvin , van Meijl Hans , Nassar André , Powell Jeff , Prins Anne Gerdien , Rose Steve N. K. , Smeets Edward M. W. , Stehfest Elke , Tyner Wallace E. , Verstegen Judith A. , Valin Hugo , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Yeh Sonia , Faaij André P. C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractExisting assessments of biomass supply and demand and their impacts face various types of limitations and uncertainties, partly due to the type of tools and methods applied (e.g., partial representation of sectors, lack of geographical details, and aggregated representation of technologies involved). Improved collaboration between existing modeling approaches may provide new, more comprehensive insights, especially into issues that involve multiple economic sectors, different temporal and spatial scales, or various impact categories. Model collaboration consists of aligning and harmonizing input data and scenarios, model comparison and/or model linkage. Improved collaboration between existing modeling approaches can help assess (i) the causes of differences and similarities in model output, which is important for interpreting the results for policy‐making and (ii) the linkages, feedbacks, and trade‐offs between different systems and impacts (e.g., economic and natural), which is key to a more comprehensive understanding of the impacts of biomass supply and demand. But, full consistency or integration in assumptions, structure, solution algorithms, dynamics and feedbacks can be difficult to achieve. And, if it is done, it frequently implies a trade‐off in terms of resolution (spatial, temporal, and structural) and/or computation. Three key research areas are selected to illustrate how model collaboration can provide additional ways for tackling some of the shortcomings and uncertainties in the assessment of biomass supply and demand and their impacts. These research areas are livestock production, agricultural residues, and greenhouse gas emissions from land‐use change. Describing how model collaboration might look like in these examples, we show how improved model collaboration can strengthen our ability to project biomass supply, demand, and impacts. This in turn can aid in improving the information for policy‐makers and in taking better‐informed decisions.
Understanding diagnostic variability in breast pathology: lessons learned from an expert consensus review panel
Authors: Allison Kimberly H , Reisch Lisa M , Carney Patricia A , Weaver Donald L , Schnitt Stuart J , O'Malley Frances P , Geller Berta M , Elmore Joann G 
Published: February 2014

AimsTo gain a better understanding of the reasons for diagnostic variability, with the aim of reducing the phenomenon.Methods and resultsIn preparation for a study on the interpretation of breast specimens (B‐PATH), a panel of three experienced breast pathologists reviewed 336 cases to develop consensus reference diagnoses. After independent assessment, cases coded as diagnostically discordant were discussed at consensus meetings. By the use of qualitative data analysis techniques, transcripts of 16 h of consensus meetings for a subset of 201 cases were analysed. Diagnostic variability could be attributed to three overall root causes: (i) pathologist‐related; (ii) diagnostic coding/study methodology‐related; and (iii) specimen‐related. Most pathologist‐related root causes were attributable to professional differences in pathologists' opinions about whether the diagnostic criteria for a specific diagnosis were met, most frequently in cases of atypia. Diagnostic coding/study methodology‐related root causes were primarily miscategorizations of descriptive text diagnoses, which led to the development of a standardized electronic diagnostic form (BPATH‐Dx). Specimen‐related root causes included artefacts, limited diagnostic material, and poor slide quality. After re‐review and discussion, a consensus diagnosis could be assigned in all cases.ConclusionsDiagnostic variability is related to multiple factors, but consensus conferences, standardized electronic reporting formats and comments on suboptimal specimen quality can be used to reduce diagnostic variability.
Extending and Enhancing the Properties of Porous Cordierite Ceramics by Mo6+ ion Incorporation via Facile Combined Synthesis Technique
Authors: Sanad Moustafa M. S. , Rashad Mohamed M. , Abdel‐Aal El‐Sayed A. , El‐Shahat Mohamed F. , Powers Kevin W. 
Published: February 2014

Molybdenum‐doped cordierite ceramics have been fabricated through facile combined techniques, coprecipitation followed by solid state. XRD results revealed that α‐cordierite phase is predominated with increasing Mo6+ ion content. The density measurements showed that the bulk density reduced to the minimum value of 0.61 g/cm3, which corresponds to the maximum porosity of about 76.8% at 5% Mo6+ ion. The dielectric permittivity (ε) of pure cordierite is decreased with increasing Mo6+ ion content. The minimum dielectric loss of Mo‐doped cordierite at 1 MHz was equal 0.008 with 10% Mo6+, while at 1 GHz was equal 0.03 with 5% Mo6+.