bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Gesetzgeber im Spannungsfeld zwischen Patientensouveränität und Forschungsinteressen – eine Bewertung der neuesten Gesetzgebungsaktivitäten auf EU-Ebene und nationaler Ebene
Authors: Buchholtz Gabriele Margarete , Schmalhorst Louisa , Brauneck Alissa 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungSowohl auf europäischer als auch auf nationaler Ebene unternimmt der Gesetzgeber derzeit zahlreiche
Schritte, um den Austausch von Gesundheitsdaten zu erleichtern und dadurch die medizinische Forschung zu
fördern. Besonders hervorzuheben sind der Verordnungsentwurf zum Europäischen Gesundheitsdatenraum
(EHDS-VO-Entwurf ) und das am 26.3.2024 in Kraft getretene Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz (GDNG). Dabei
ist der Gesetzgeber allerdings auch bestrebt, die Datenhoheit der Patienten zu wahren. Im Folgenden wird
untersucht, ob und wie es dem Gesetzgeber gelingt, die widerstreitenden Interessen in Einklang zu bringen.
Überdies wird dargestellt, wie die Datentreuhand als neutraler Intermediär zur Schlichtung des
aufgezeigten Interessenkonflikts beitragen kann.
Das Recht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben und der Anspruch auf Betäubungsmittel zu Suizidzwecken
Authors: Zimmermann Josua 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Freiheit, selbstbestimmt zu sterben, genießt als “unmittelbarer Ausdruck der der Menschenwürde
innewohnenden Idee autonomer Persönlichkeitsentfaltung” besonderen grundrechtlichen Schutz, postulierte
das BVerfG. Folgt daraus für Sterbewillige ein Anspruch auf Zugang zum Betäubungsmittel Natrium-Pentobarbital
(NaP), welches als das probateste Suizidpräparat gilt? Nein, urteilte nun das BVerwG (7.11.2023 –
3 C 8.22). Warum die Entscheidung sowohl mit Blick auf die einfachgesetzliche Auslegung des §5 Abs.
1 Nr. 6 BtMG als auch hinsichtlich ihrer Vereinbarkeit mit dem Grundrecht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben
hinterfragt werden kann, aber ein gegenteiliges Ergebnis nicht weniger problematisch gewesen wäre,
soll in vorliegendem Beitrag aufgezeigt werden.
Image-to-mesh conversion method for multi-tissue medical image computing simulations
Authors: Drakopoulos Fotis , Liu Yixun , Garner Kevin , Chrisochoides Nikos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConverting a three-dimensional medical image into a 3D mesh that satisfies both the quality and fidelity constraints of predictive simulations and image-guided surgical procedures remains a critical problem. Presented is an image-to-mesh conversion method called CBC3D. It first discretizes a segmented image by generating an adaptive Body-Centered Cubic mesh of high-quality elements. Next, the tetrahedral mesh is converted into a mixed element mesh of tetrahedra, pentahedra, and hexahedra to decrease element count while maintaining quality. Finally, the mesh surfaces are deformed to their corresponding physical image boundaries, improving the mesh’s fidelity. The deformation scheme builds upon the ITK open-source library and is based on the concept of energy minimization, relying on a multi-material point-based registration. It uses non-connectivity patterns to implicitly control the number of extracted feature points needed for the registration and, thus, adjusts the trade-off between the achieved mesh fidelity and the deformation speed. We compare CBC3D with four widely used and state-of-the-art homegrown image-to-mesh conversion methods from industry and academia. Results indicate that the CBC3D meshes: (1) achieve high fidelity, (2) keep the element count reasonably low, and (3) exhibit good element quality.
SGLT1 contributes to glucose-mediated exacerbation of ischemia–reperfusion injury in ex vivo rat heart
Authors: Almalki Alhanoof , Arjun Sapna , Harding Idris , Jasem Hussain , Kolatsi-Joannou Maria , Jafree Daniyal J. , Pomeranz Gideon , Long David A. , Yellon Derek M. , Bell Robert M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHyperglycaemia is common during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) irrespective of diabetic status and portends excess infarct size and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that sodium/glucose linked transporter-1 (SGLT1) might contribute to the effect of high-glucose during ACS and examined this using an ex-vivo rodent heart model of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion, with variable glucose and reciprocal mannitol given during reperfusion in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of SGLT1. Myocardial SGLT1 expression was determined in rat by rtPCR, RNAscope and immunohistochemistry, as well as in human by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. High glucose in non-diabetic rat heart exacerbated reperfusion injury, significantly increasing infarct size from 45 ± 3 to 65 ± 4% at 11–22 mmol/L glucose, respectively (p < 0.01), an association absent in diabetic heart (32 ± 1–37 ± 5%, p = NS). Rat heart expressed SGLT1 RNA and protein in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes, with similar expression found in human myocardium by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing. Rat SGLT1 expression was significantly reduced in diabetic versus non-diabetic heart (0.608 ± 0.08 compared with 1.116 ± 0.13 probe/nuclei, p < 0.01). Pharmacological inhibitors phlorizin, canagliflozin or mizagliflozoin in non-diabetic heart revealed that blockade of SGLT1 but not SGLT2, abrogated glucose-mediated excess reperfusion injury. Elevated glucose is injurious to the rat heart during reperfusion, exacerbating myocardial infarction in non-diabetic heart, whereas the diabetic heart is resistant to raised glucose, a finding which may be explained by lower myocardial SGLT1 expression. SGLT1 is expressed in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes and inhibiting SGLT1 abrogates excess glucose-mediated infarction. These data highlight SGLT1 as a potential clinical translational target to improve morbidity/mortality outcomes in hyperglycemic ACS patients.
Alcohol consumers with liver pathology rarely display α-synuclein pathology
Authors: Libard Sylwia , Tamsen Fredrik , Alafuzoff Irina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt has been suggested that alcohol consumption protects against Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we assessed postmortem tissue samples from the brains and livers of 100 subjects with ages at death ranging from 51 to 93. Twenty percent of these subjects were demented. We used standardized assessment strategies to assess both the brain and liver pathologies (LP). Our cohort included subjects with none, mild, moderate, and severe LP caused by alcohol consumption. We noted a significant negative correlation of categorical data between liver steatosis and α-synuclein (αS) in the brain and a significant negative correlation between the extent of liver steatosis and fibrosis and the extent of αS in the brain. There was a significant negative association between the observation of Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes and αS pathology in the brain. No association was noted between LP and hyperphosphorylated τ (HPτ). No significant correlation could be seen between the extent of LP and the extent of HPτ, amyloid β protein (Aβ) or transactive DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43) in the brain. There were significant correlations observed between the extent of HPτ, Aβ, αS, and TDP43 in the brain and between liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Subjects with severe LP displayed a higher frequency of Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes compared to those with no, or mild, LP. The assessed protein alterations were not more prevalent or severe in subjects with Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes in the brain. In all cases, dementia was attributed to a combination of altered proteins, i.e., mixed dementia and dementia was observed in 30% of those with mild LP when compared with 13% of those with severe LP. In summary, our results are in line with the outcome obtained by the two recent meta-analyses suggesting that subjects with a history of alcohol consumption seldom develop an α-synucleinopathy.
Assisted reproductive technology and the risk of fetal congenital heart disease: insights from a tertiary-care referral center
Authors: Piemonti Linda , Vettor Laura , Balducci Anna , Farina Antonio , Contro Elena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether congenital heart diseases exhibit higher rates in pregnancies achieved through assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to natural conception.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between categories of congenital heart diseases and three conception groups (IVF, ICSI, and natural pregnancies). The main outcome measures are risks of congenital heart disease categories in IVF and ICSI groups using the natural group as reference. We selected fetuses referred for fetal echocardiography to IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola, Bologna, between January 2005 and November 2023, diagnosed with congenital heart diseases.

Results
We categorized the congenital heart diseases into six groups based on anatomical and embryological criteria. The estimated risk of left ventricular outflow tract, valvular, conotruncal, and atrioventricular septal defects was lower in the IVF group compared to natural conception. The estimated risk of valvular and atrioventricular septal defects was lower in the ICSI group vs natural. Conversely, the risk for right heart anomalies was higher both in the IVF and ICSI groups compared to natural conception. Heart rhythm diseases were more frequent in IVF pregnancies. When comparing ART methods, valvular defects, conotruncal defects, and right heart anomalies were more frequently observed in the ICSI group, while atrioventricular septal defects were more common in the IVF group.

Conclusion
Significant differences were found in the occurrence of congenital heart diseases in pregnancies conceived through IVF and ICSI, versus those conceived naturally, underscoring the importance of further studying the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
Establishment of a prognostic risk model for prostate cancer based on Gleason grading and cuprotosis related genes
Authors: Wang Haicheng , Xie Meiyi , Zhao Yuming , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Prostate cancer (PCa) is common in aging males, diagnosed via the Gleason grading system. The study explores the unexamined prognostic value of cuprotosis, a distinct cell death type, alongside Gleason grades in PCa.

Methods
We explored Cuprotosis-related genes (CRGs) in prostate cancer (PCa), using NMF on TCGA-PRAD data for patient classification and WGCNA to link genes with Gleason scores and prognosis. A risk model was crafted via LASSO Cox regression. STX3 knockdown in PC-3 cells, analyzed for effects on cell behaviors and tumor growth in mice, highlighted its potential therapeutic impact.

Results
We identified five genes crucial for a prognostic risk model, with higher risk scores indicating worse prognosis. Survival analysis and ROC curves confirmed the model’s predictive accuracy in TCGA-PRAD and GSE70769 datasets. STX3 was a key adverse prognostic factor, with its knockdown significantly reducing mRNA and protein levels, impairing PC-3 cell functions. In vivo, STX3 knockdown in PC-3 cells led to significantly smaller tumors in nude mice, underscoring its potential therapeutic value.

Conclusion
Our prognostic model, using five genes linked to Gleason scores, effectively predicts prostate cancer outcomes, offering a novel treatment strategy angle.
Evaluation of radiofrequency identification tag accuracy using bronchoscopy with fluoroscopy and virtual navigation guidance before segmentectomy
Authors: Komatsu Masamichi , Miura Kentaro , Yamanaka Miwa , Suzuki Yusuke , Araki Taisuke , Goto Norihiko , Akahane Jumpei , Sonehara Kei , Matsuoka Shunichiro , Eguchi Takashi , Hamanaka Kazutoshi , Shimizu Kimihiro , Yasuo Masanori , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of sublobar resection has increased with advances in imaging technologies. However, it is difficult for thoracic surgeons to identify small lung tumours intraoperatively. Radiofrequency identification (RFID) lung-marking systems are useful for overcoming this difficulty; however, accurate placement is essential for maximum effectiveness.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent RFID tag placement via fluoroscopic bronchoscopy under virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) guidance before our institution’s sublobar resection of lung lesions. Thirty-one patients with 31 lung lesions underwent RFID lung-marking with fluoroscopic bronchoscopy under VBN guidance. Results: Of the 31 procedures, 26 tags were placed within 10 mm of the target site, 2 were placed more than 10 mm away from the target site, and 3 were placed in a different area from the target bronchus. No clinical complications were associated with RFID tag placement, such as pneumothorax or bleeding. The contribution of the RFID lung-marking system to surgery was high, particularly when the RFID tag was placed at the target site and tumour was located in the intermediate hilar zone.

Conclusions
An RFID tag can be placed near the target site using fluoroscopic bronchoscopy in combination with VBN guidance. RFID tag placement under fluoroscopic bronchoscopy with VBN guidance is useful for certain segmentectomies.
Schwarzstart, Betrieb und Synchronisation eines umrichterbasierten Inselnetzes geführt durch einen netzbildenden Batteriespeicher
Authors: Vogel Carolin , Ufkes Anja , Witzmann Rolf 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Umsetzung eines Konzepts für den Inselnetzbetrieb setzt im Allgemeinen detaillierte Kenntnisse der zugrundeliegenden netzbildenden Regelung voraus. Basiert das Konzept auf dem Betrieb eines netzbildenden Batteriespeichers, ist der Einsatz zusätzlicher Erzeugungseinheiten mit einzuplanen, da der Batteriespeicher nicht unbegrenzt Leistung zur Verfügung stellen kann. Die Regelungen dieser zusätzlichen Erzeugungseinheiten und deren Einfluss auf die netzbildende Regelung des Batteriespeichers sind im Konzept für den Inselnetzbetrieb zu berücksichtigen. Dies gilt sowohl für netzparallel betriebene Anlagen als auch für weitere netzbildende Einheiten. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse eines Feldversuchs zur Erfassung des Regelverhaltens eines Batteriespeichers mit netzbildender Droop-Regelung vorgestellt. Untersucht werden verschiedene Belastungen des Batteriespeichers im netzbildenden Betriebsmodus, die gemeinsame Inselnetzbildung in Kombination mit einem Notstromaggregat und die Synchronisation mit dem öffentlichen Netz. Generell zeigt sich ein stabiles Spannungs- und Frequenzverhalten im Inselnetz entsprechend der eingestellten f(P)- bzw. U(Q)-Statiken, auch bei Belastung des Batteriespeichers über die Nennleistung hinaus. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden die Grundlage für weiterführende Untersuchungen in Form von Simulationen und die Validierung vorhandener Modelle.
Optimal hyperglycemia thresholds in patients undergoing chemotherapy: a cross sectional study of oncologists’ practices
Authors: Salgado Teresa M. , Birari Poorva B. , Alshahawey Mona , Hickey Zacholski Erin , Mackler Emily , Buffington Tonya M. , Musselman Kerri T. , Irvin William J. , Perkins Jennifer M. , Le Trang N. , Dixon Dave L. , Farris Karen B. , Sheppard Vanessa B. , Jones Resa M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Neither the United States nor the European oncology guidelines include details for appropriate management of hyperglycemia in cancer patients. The aim was to identify fasting and random blood glucose thresholds, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets used by oncologists in clinical practice when managing hyperglycemia in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods
This national, cross sectional study utilized a questionnaire to collect oncologists’ perceptions about optimal blood glucose thresholds and HbA1c targets in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize glucose thresholds, HbA1c targets, and sample characteristics. Responses to an open-ended question about oncologists’ approach to hyperglycemia management were analyzed via thematic analysis using an inductive approach.

Results
Respondents (n = 229) were on average 52.1 years of age, 67.7% men, and 91.3% White. For patients without diabetes but experiencing hyperglycemia, oncologists targeted lower and upper fasting blood glucose levels between 75-121 mg/dL and 105-135 mg/dL, respectively. For patients with diabetes, the targets for lower and upper fasting blood glucose levels ranged between 100-130 mg/dL and 128-150 mg/dL, respectively. Fasting blood glucose (95.6%) and HbA1c (78.6%) were the most commonly used clinical indicators to consider chemotherapy dose reduction, delay, or discontinuation due to hyperglycemia in patients receiving chemotherapy with curative intent. Among those receiving palliative intent chemotherapy, the preferred clinical parameters were random blood glucose (90.0%), patient-reported blood glucose readings (70.7%), continuous glucose monitoring readings (65.1%), and patient-reported symptoms of hyperglycemia (65.1%). Three main themes emerged about oncologists’ approach to hyperglycemia management: 1) identification of high-risk patients; 2) need for early identification, screening, and diagnosis of hyperglycemia; and 3) multiple hyperglycemia management strategies.

Conclusion
Oncologists reported a wide variation of target blood glucose ranges considered appropriate in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Lack of clear guidance for hyperglycemia management during chemotherapy in the United States may be contributing to a lack of consistency in clinical practice.
Machine learning applications for vascular stenosis detection in computed tomography angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anwer Ali M. O. A. , Karacan Hacer , Enver Levent , Cabuk Gonca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn an era in which cardiovascular disease has become the main cause of death all over the world, diagnostic accuracy in identifying blood vessels has become particularly important. Vascular stenosis causes serious health risks by affecting blood flow, leading to conditions like heart attacks and strokes. Traditional diagnostic methods face challenges in terms of timeliness and accuracy. Our systematic review aims to critically assess the role of machine learning (ML) techniques in enhancing computed tomography angiography’s (CTA) diagnostic capabilities for vasoconstriction. This review followed the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and focused on research articles published between January 2013 and October 2023 collected from databases such as PubMed, IEEE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies focus on multiphase CTA or dynamic CTA; papers do not use the ML; and papers not in English are removed. The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS2 tool. The results were analyzed in tabular form using metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and examine variations in stenosis detection by anatomical regions. In our review, a total of 63 studies were identified as relevant. These studies included a variety of ML applications for identifying anatomical stenosis of the arteries in different anatomical areas. The findings highlighted a trend of high sensitivity and specificity in broader anatomical assessments, with nuanced variations observed in detailed segmental analysis. The review acknowledges limitations within the existing studies, including the retrospective nature of most studies and their limited scope in terms of patient diversity and center variation. Nonetheless, the implications of integrating ML in vascular stenosis detection via CTA are profound, suggesting a pivotal shift toward more accurate, efficient, and patient-centric diagnostic practices in cardiovascular care.Registration: The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO, with the registration number CRD420234603.
A tribute to Graziella Berta (1948–2024): research milestones and highlights
Authors: Lingua Guido , Gianinazzi-Pearson Vivienne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGraziella Berta, a well-known mycorrhiza researcher, passed away in her home in Torino (Italy) on March 2nd, 2024, at the age of 75. We were both fortunate to know Graziella personally and to greatly appreciate her professionally, by working closely with her in the same research group in Alessandria (GL) or through many collaborative projects over the years (VGP). Here, we recall some of the milestones in her research and particularly the important contribution she has made to knowledge about plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizosphere bacteria.
Preoperative treatment with dopamine agonist therapy influences surgical outcome in prolactinoma: a retrospective single-center on 159 patients
Authors: Ryba Alice , Gonzalez Lopez Diego , Rotermund Roman , Flitsch Jörg 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Prolactinoma account to the most common pituitary adenomas and current therapy regime constitutes of dopamine agonist therapy (DA) and surgery in selected cases [17]. Due to tumor fibrosis induced by previous DA therapy, surgical removal can be challenging though. Therefore, this study investigates how preoperative DA usage influences perioperative treatment and surgical outcome in prolactinoma and aims to ascertain whether a specific subgroup of prolactinoma patients could derive greater benefit from exclusive surgical intervention.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed n = 159 surgically treated and histologically confirmed prolactinomas in the sella region from 2013–2022 in our institution. Clinical, radiological and surgical features were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results
Out of total of 159 prolactinoma patients, 83.6% received previous treatment with DA followed by surgery, while only 16.4% received exclusive surgery. Both groups presented similar initial tumor volumes (1.9cm3 vs. 1.5cm3, p = 0.59) and equal preoperative prolactin levels (PRL) (199.7 µg/l vs. 191.0 µg/l, p = 0.44). Surgical procedures took significantly longer when patients received prior DA treatment (79 min. vs. 70 min., p = 0.0479). Six months after surgery, pretreated patients revealed significantly higher PRL compared to non-treated (107 g/l vs. 8.64 µg/, p = 0.0009). Additionally, untreated microprolactinoma presented a remission of 100%, whereas pretreated exhibited a remission rate of 88.75%.

Conclusion
The current study demonstrates that prior DA treatment is associated with significantly longer surgeries, higher recurrence rates and lower rates of normalization of PRL levels after surgery, particularly in microprolactinomas and support the latest recommendations of the Pituitary Society's Consensus Statement 2023, which favors the option of surgery alone as first-line therapy for microprolactinomas.