bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor volume reduction rate measured during adaptive definitive radiation therapy as a potential prognosticator of locoregional control in patients with oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Lee Hyebin , Ahn Yong Chan , Oh Dongryul , Nam Heerim , Kim Young Il , Park Su Yeon 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the tumor volume reduction rate (TVRR) measured during adaptive definitive radiation therapy (RT) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer.MethodsWe reviewed the RT records of 59 patients with oropharyngeal cancer who were treated with definitive RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy between January 2006 and October 2010. Adaptive replanning was performed in all patients during RT. The pre‐RT and mid‐RT gross tumor volumes (GTVs) of the primary and the metastatic lymph nodes were measured and analyzed for their possible impacts on locoregional control.ResultsAfter the median follow‐up period of 41.3 months (range, 9.3–73.5 months) for survivors, there were 10 treatment failures (8 locoregional recurrences and 2 distant metastases). The locoregional control rate at 3 years in all the patients was 84.1%. The mean pre‐RT and mid‐RT total GTVs were 27.5 cm3 (±17.9 cm3) and 16.9 cm3 (±12.1 cm3), and the mean GTV reduction rate was 37.9% (±22.6%), respectively. The patients who achieved locoregional control had a higher TVRR than those with locoregional failure (p = .010), and those with the TVRR >35% achieved significantly higher locoregional control at 3 years (94.4% vs 72.4%; p = .018). On multivariate analysis when adjusted with other clinical prognostic factors, the TVRR was found to be a significant factor affecting the locoregional control (hazard ratio = 0.136; 95% confidence interval = 0.022–0.852; p = .033).ConclusionThe TVRR measured during adaptive RT proved a significant prognosticator on locoregional disease control in patients with oropharyngeal cancer, based on which a few therapeutic modifications may be considered. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 499–504, 2014
Spatial explicit soil moisture analysis: pattern and its stability at small catchment scale in the loess hilly region of China
Authors: Sun Feixiang , Lü Yihe , Fu Bojie , Ma Zhimin , Yao Xueling 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSoil moisture is essential for plant growth and terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. This study aims to quantify the variation of soil moisture content and its spatial pattern as well as the influencing factors. The experiment is conducted in a small catchment named Yangjuangou in the loess hilly region of China. Soil moisture to a depth of 1 m has been obtained by in situ sampling at 149 sites with different vegetation types before and after the rainy season. Elevation, slope position, slope aspect, slope gradient and vegetation properties are investigated synchronously. With the rainy season coming, soil moisture content increases and then reaches the highest value after the rainy season. Fluctuation range and standard deviation of soil moisture decrease after a 4‐month rainy season. Standard deviation of soil moisture increases with depth before the rainy season; after the rainy season, it decreases within the 0‐ to 40‐cm soil depth but then increases with depths below 40 cm. The stability of the soil moisture pattern at the small catchment scale increases with depth. The geographical position determines the framework of soil moisture pattern. Soil moisture content with different land‐use types is significantly increased after the rainy season, but the variances of land‐use types are significantly different. Landform and land‐use types can explain most of the soil moisture spatial variations. Soil moisture at all sample sites increases after the rainy season, but the spatial patterns of soil moisture are not significantly changed and display temporal stability despite the influence of the rainy season. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the adequacy of the regional relationships between catchment attributes and catchment response dynamics, calibrated by a multi‐objective approach
Authors: Kim H. S. , Lee S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the regionalization method on the basis of a combination of a parsimonious model structure and a multi‐objective calibration technique. For this study, 12 gauged catchments in the Republic of Korea were used. The parsimonious model structure, requiring minimal input data, was used to avoid adverse effects arising from model complexity, over‐parameterization and data requirements. The IHACRES rainfall‐runoff model was applied to represent the dynamic response characteristics of catchments in Korea. A multi‐objective approach was adopted to reduce the predictive uncertainty arising from the calibration of a rainfall‐runoff model, by increasing the amount of information retrieved from the available data. The regional relationships (or models) between the model parameters and the catchment attributes were established via a multiple regression approach, incorporating correlation analysis and stepwise regression on linear and logarithmic scales. The impacts of the parameters, calibrated by the multi‐objective approach, on the adequacy of regional relationships were assessed by comparison with impacts obtained by the single‐objective approach. The regional relationships were well defined, despite limited available data. The drainage area, the effective soil depth, the mean catchment slope and the catchment gradient appeared to be the main factors for describing the hydrologic response characteristics in the areas studied. The overall model performance of the regional models based on the multi‐objective approach was good, producing reasonable results for high and low flows and for the overall water balance, simultaneously. The regional models based on the single‐objective approach yielded accurate predictions in high flows but showed limited predictive capability for low flows and the overall water balance. This was due to the optimal model parameter estimates when using a single‐objective measure. The parameters calibrated by the single‐objective approach decreased the predictability of the regional models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between autonomic dysfunction and pain in chemotherapy‐induced polyneuropathy
Authors: Nahman‐Averbuch H. , Granovsky Y. , Sprecher E. , Steiner M. , Tzuk‐Shina T. , Pud D. , Yarnitsky D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAutonomic neuropathy, a relatively common complication of several chemotherapy agents, can affect the vagus nerve and its pain inhibitory capacity, thus increasing sensitivity to pain. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between autonomic parasympathetic function and the perception of (1) spontaneous pain; (2) experimental non‐painful sensations; and (3) experimental painful sensations in chemotherapy‐induced neuropathy patients.MethodsTwenty‐seven cancer patients with chemotherapy‐induced polyneuropathy were enrolled (20 women, age 56.6 ± 7.9). Autonomic parameters of heart rate variability, deep‐breathing and Valsalva ratios, experimental non‐painful parameters of warm, cold and mechanical detection thresholds, and painful parameters of heat pain thresholds, pain rating of suprathreshold stimulus, mechanical temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation response were examined.ResultsAutonomic parameters and spontaneous pain levels were not associated, yet autonomic parameters were positively correlated with non‐painful sensations – milder autonomic neuropathy was accompanied by milder sensory neuropathy as indicated by several parameters, e.g., lower Valsalva ratio was correlated with higher warmth detection threshold (r = −0.465; p = 0.033). Autonomic parameters were, however, negatively correlated with painful sensations – lower parasympathetic‐vagal activity was associated with higher pain sensitivity as indicated by several parameters, e.g., lower Valsalva ratio was correlated with higher pain rating of suprathreshold stimulus (r = −0.559; p = 0.008).ConclusionsDiminished vagal function due to neuropathy is associated with, and may possibly underlie, pain disinhibition expressed as greater levels of experimental pain.
Role of surface charge and oxidative stress in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of graphene oxide towards human lung fibroblast cells
Authors: Wang Anxin , Pu Kefeng , Dong Bing , Liu Yang , Zhang Liming , Zhang Zhijun , Duan Wei , Zhu Yimin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRecently, attempts have been made to apply graphene oxide (GO) in the field of biology and medicine, such as DNA sensing and drug delivery with some necessary modifications. Therefore, the toxicity of GO must be evaluated before it is applied further in biomedicine. In this paper, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of GO to human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells have been assessed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), sub‐G1 measurement and comet assays, and the mechanism of its toxicity has been explored. Various modifications of GO have been made to help us determine the factors which could affect the toxicity of GO. The results indicated that cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of GO to HLF cells were concentration dependent, and the genotoxicity induced by GO was more severe than the cytotoxicity to HLF cells. Oxidative stress mediated by GO might explain the reason of its toxic effect. Furthermore, the electronic charge on the surface of GO would play a very important role in the toxicity of GO to HLF cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Binuclear Copper(II) Complex Bridged by N‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐N′‐[3‐(diethylamino)propyl]oxamide: In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Reactivity Toward DNA and Protein
Authors: Gao Yang , Li Yan‐Tuan , Wu Zhi‐Yong , Yan Cui‐Wei 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA new oxamido‐bridged bicopper(II) complex, [Cu2(pdpox)(bpy)(CH3OH)](ClO4), where H3pdpox and bpy stand for N‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐N′‐[3‐(diethylamino)propyl]oxamide and 2,2′‐bipyridine, respectively, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, infrared and electronic spectra studies, and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. In the crystal structure, the pdpox3− ligand bridges two copper(II) ions as cisoid conformation. The inner copper(II) ion has a {N3O} square‐planar coordination geometry, while the exo‐ one is in a {N2O3} square‐pyramidal environment. There are two sets of interpenetrating two‐dimensional hydrogen bonding networks parallel to the planes (2 1 0) and (), respectively, to form a three‐dimensional supramolecular structure. The bicopper(II) complex exhibits cytotoxic activity against the SMMC7721 and A549 cell lines. The reactivity toward herring sperm DNA and bovine serum albumin revealed that the bicopper(II) complex can interact with the DNA by intercalation mode, and the complex binds to protein BSA responsible for quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by static quenching mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:412‐424, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21504
Freshwater Acclimation Induces Stress Responses and Expression of Branchial Na+/K+‐ATPase and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in Takifugu niphobles
Authors: TANG CHENG‐HAO , LEE TSUNG‐HAN 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAlmost the whole life cycle of the grass puffer (Takifugu niphobles) occurs in seawater (SW), but it is also sometimes found in fresh water (FW) rivers. This study aims to evaluate the effects of FW exposure on the stress, osmoregulatory, and physiological responses of the grass puffer. The grass puffers were captured from a local wetland and acclimated to SW (35‰) or FW in the laboratory. In the stress responses, plasma glucose concentrations and the abundances of hepatic and branchial heat shock proteins were higher in the FW group than in the SW group. FW acclimation led to a significant increase in the protein abundance and the specific activity of branchial Na+/K+‐ATPase (NKA). Immunochemical staining showed that the NKA immunoreactive (NKIR) cells of the FW and SW puffer were distributed mainly in gill filaments. Although the number of NKIR cells was similar in the two groups, the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of nuclear fractions were elevated in the gills of the FW puffer. The induction of gill PCNA might contribute to cell proliferation which would maintain the amount of NKIR cells or repair DNA when exposed to FW, an osmotically stressful environment. Hence, activation of stress responses would provide the osmoprotection associated with FW adaptation of the grass puffer. Changes of branchial NKA expression and activity for osmoregulatory adjustment were required for stable blood osmolality and muscle water content. Based on our findings, the grass puffer was suggested to be a euryhaline teleost with SW preference. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 409–421, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An intraslab seismic sequence activated by the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake: Evidence for fluid‐related embrittlement
Authors: Nakajima Junichi , Yoshida Keisuke , Hasegawa Akira 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUsing quantitative analysis of waveforms, we investigate a seismic cluster that occurred at a depth of 67 km in the Philippine Sea slab 8 months after the 11 March 2011 megathrust Tohoku‐oki earthquake (Mw 9.0). The sequence started with an M 4.1 normal‐fault event on 14 November in the deepest part of the cluster, and subsequent earthquakes migrated upward by 6 km along a narrow conduit‐like zone. The earthquakes have stress drops of 0.5–40 MPa, and groups of earthquakes with coherent waveforms are observed. We explain these observations in terms of fluid‐related embrittlement and the migration of overpressured fluids. The low‐permeability plate interface of the Pacific plate may have been broken by the coseismic or postseismic slips of the Tohoku‐oki earthquake, with the fluids subsequently being liberated from the underlying crust of the Pacific slab and migrating into the Philippine Sea slab due to the pore pressure gradient. The tensional stresses generated by the coseismic slip promoted the efficient upward migration of fluids and also acted to enhance the deviatoric stress around the source area. The heightened pore pressures and the resulting reduced effective normal stress lowered the strength of the faults sufficiently to bring the system into the brittle regime under the enhanced deviatoric stress. The lag of 8 months may represent the time needed for the unsealing of the plate interface, the upward migration of fluids, and the increase in pore pressure to become sufficient to overcome the lithostatic pressure.
The influence of vegetation on turbulence and bed load transport
Authors: Yager E. M. , Schmeeckle M. W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVegetation is ubiquitous in river channels and floodplains and alters mean flow conditions and turbulence. However, the effects of vegetation patches on near‐bed turbulence, bed load transport rates, and sedimentation are not well understood. To elucidate the influence of emergent vegetation on local and patch‐averaged bed load transport, we conducted a set of experiments in which we varied the mean flow velocity (U), total boundary shear stress (τ), or vegetation density between runs. We measured 2D velocity fields using Particle Imaging Velocimetry and bed load fluxes using high‐speed video. Simulated rigid vegetation caused bed load fluxes to vary spatially by an order of magnitude, causing distinct scour zones adjacent to, and depositional bed forms between stems. These local patterns of sedimentation could impact recruitment and survival of other plants. Large bed load fluxes were collocated with high near‐bed turbulence intensities that were three to four times larger than spatially averaged values. Higher vegetation densities increased the importance of inward and outward interactions, particularly downstream of vegetation. At the patch scale, greater stem densities caused either an increase or decrease in run‐averaged bed load fluxes, depending on whether U or τ was held constant between runs. This implies that sedimentation in vegetation patches is not only a function of bed grain size, sediment supply, and vegetation density and species, but whether vegetation significantly impacts mean and local flow properties, which could depend on vegetation location. Commonly used bed load transport equations did not accurately predict average sediment fluxes in our experiments unless they accounted for the spatial variability in the near‐bed Reynolds stress.
Promoting professionalism via a video‐based educational workshop for academic hospitalists and housestaff
Authors: Farnan Jeanne M. , O'Leary Kevin J. , Didwania Aashish , Icayan Liza , Saathoff Mark , Bellam Shashi , Anderson Andy , Reddy Shalini , Humphrey Holly J. , Wayne Diane B. , Arora Vineet M. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDUnprofessional behavior can compromise care and detract from the hospital learning environment. Discrepancy between professional behaviors formally taught and what is witnessed has become increasingly evident.METHODSWith funding from the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, a workshop was developed to address unprofessional behaviors related to inpatient care previously identified in a multi‐institution survey. The aims were to utilize video‐based education to illustrate unprofessional behaviors, how faculty play a role in promoting such behaviors, and facilitate reflection regarding motivation for and prevention of these behaviors. Hospitalists and housestaff at 3 Chicago‐area academic hospitals and 1 community teaching affiliate participated. Videos were debriefed, identifying barriers to professional behavior and improvement strategies. A postworkshop survey assessed beliefs on behaviors and intent to change practice.RESULTSForty‐four (53%) faculty and 244 (68%) residents (postgraduate year 1 and greater) participated. The workshop was well received, with 89% reporting it “useful and effective.” Two‐thirds expressed intent to change behavior. Most (86%) believed videos were realistic and effective. Those who perceived videos as “very realistic” were more likely to report intent to change behavior (93% vs 53%, P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSVideo‐based education is a feasible way to promote reflection and address unprofessional behaviors among providers and may positively impact the learning environment. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:386–389. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Rotavirus shedding in symptomatic and asymptomatic children using reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR
Authors: Mukhopadhya Indrani , Sarkar Rajiv , Menon Vipin Kumar , Babji Sudhir , Paul Anu , Rajendran Priya , Sowmyanarayanan Thuppal V. , Moses Prabhakar D. , Iturriza‐Gomara Miren , Gray James J. , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReverse transcription‐real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) for the VP6 gene was used to study group A rotavirus shedding in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infection. Sequential stool samples (n = 345) from 10 children with rotavirus associated diarrhea and from five children (n = 161) with asymptomatic rotavirus infection were collected over a period of 2 months. A RT‐qPCR assay on the samples using a rotavirus VP6 plasmid standard demonstrated high reproducibility, with an inter‐assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.40–2.97% and an intra‐assay CV of 0.03–3.03%. The median duration of shedding was longer in children with diarrhea compared to asymptomatic children (24 days vs. 18 days; P = 0.066). The median quantitation cycle (Cq) at presentation in symptomatic children was 17.21 compared to 30.98 in asymptomatic children (P = 0.086). The temporal pattern in symptomatic children consisted of a high initial viral shedding coinciding with the duration of diarrhea, followed by a rapid fall, and then a small increase in secondary shedding 21 days later. Compared to children with rotavirus diarrhea, those with asymptomatic infection shed lower quantities of virus throughout the observation period. No difference was noted between the G and P genotypes of samples collected at onset of infection and during the shedding period. Shedding was intermittent in a subset of children in both groups. RT‐qPCR is a useful method to characterize shedding patterns. J. Med. Virol. 85:1661–1668, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification and characterization of the extracellular laccase produced by Trametes polyzona WR710–1 under solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Chairin Thanunchanok , Nitheranont Thitinard , Watanabe Akira , Asada Yasuhiko , Khanongnuch Chartchai , Lumyong Saisamorn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLaccase from Trametes polyzona WR710–1 was produced under solid‐state fermentation using the peel from the Tangerine orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) as substrate, and purified to homogeneity. This laccase was found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of about 71 kDa estimated by SDS–PAGE. The optimum pH was 2.0 for ABTS, 4.0 for L‐DOPA, guaiacol, and catechol, and 5.0 for 2,6‐DMP. The Km value of the enzyme for the substrate ABTS was 0.15 mM, its corresponding Vmax value was 1.84 mM min−1, and the kcat/Km value was about 3960 s−1 mM−1. The enzyme activity was stable between pH 6.0 and 8.0, at temperatures of up to 40 °C. The laccase was inhibited by more than 50% in the presence of 20 mM NaCl, by 95% at 5 mM of Fe2+, and it was completely inhibited by 0.1 mM NaN3. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of this laccase is AVTPVADLQISNAGISPDTF, which is highly similar to those of laccases from other white‐rot basidiomycetes.
Caribbean low‐level jets and accompanying moisture fluxes in a global warming climate projected with CMIP3 multi‐model ensemble and fine‐mesh atmospheric general circulation models
Authors: Nakaegawa T. , Kitoh A. , Ishizaki Y. , Kusunoki S. , Murakami H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis study used the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) multi‐model ensemble (MME) and atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) with three horizontal resolutions, 20, 60, and 180 km, to investigate climate projections of the Caribbean low‐level jet (CLLJ) and accompanying moisture fluxes. Future climate simulations were also performed with 60‐ and 180‐km mesh AGCMs forced by four lower boundary conditions both to quantify uncertainty in the CLLJ projections and to determine the physical mechanism of change in the CLLJ. Changes among the CMIP3 MME models in projected CLLJ in the future climate were inconsistent in sign and statistically insignificant, whereas consistently among the models the easterly moisture flux accompanying the CLLJ significantly intensified. The AGCM simulations with three different horizontal resolutions demonstrated that the merits of dynamical downscaling for the CLLJ and moisture flux were limited for climate projections, although the high‐horizontal resolution models improved reproducibility of the CLLJ and moisture flux in the present‐day climate and can provide spatially detailed projections. Different projected sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as lower boundary conditions of the 60‐ and 180‐km mesh single‐AGCM simulations clearly affected changes in the CLLJ. Both the CMIP3 MME analysis and the 60‐ and 180‐km mesh AGCM ensembles showed that large‐scale SST patterns between the eastern tropical Pacific and the region from the Caribbean Sea to the western tropical Atlantic influenced changes in the CLLJ in the future climate, as seen in the present‐day climate.