bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-bovine herpesvirus and anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus antibody responses in pregnant Holstein dairy cattle following administration of a multivalent killed virus vaccine
Authors: Smith Billy I. , Rieger Randall H. , Dickens Charlene M. , Schultz Ronald D. , Aceto Helen 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a commercially available multivalent killed virus vaccine on serum neutralizing (SN) and colostrum neutralizing (CN) antibodies against bovine herpesvirus (BHV) type 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2 in pregnant dairy cattle.
ANIMALS 49 Holstein dairy cattle.
PROCEDURES 25 cattle were vaccinated (IM injection) at least 60 days prior to calving (ie, at the end of the lactation period or according to the expected calving date for heifers) and again 5 weeks later. The remaining 24 cattle were not vaccinated (control group). Titers of SN antibodies were measured at the 5-week time point. Titers of SN and CN antibodies were measured at parturition.
RESULTS 5 weeks after initial vaccination, titers of SN antibodies against BHV-1 and BVDV types 1 and 2 were 1:512, 1:128, and 1:2,048, respectively, in vaccinates and 1:64, 1:128, and 1:64, respectively, in unvaccinated controls. Equivalent SN antibody titers at parturition were 1:256, 1:64, and 1:512, respectively, in vaccinates and 1:128, 1:128, and 1:64, respectively, in controls. Median titers of CN antibodies against BHV-1 and BVDV types 1 and 2 were 1:1,280, 1:10,240, and 1:20,480, respectively, in vaccinates and 1:80, 1:1,280, and 1:2,560, respectively, in controls.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Titers of antibodies against viral respiratory pathogens were significantly enhanced in both serum (BHV-1 and BVDV type 2) and colostrum (BHV-1 and BVDV types 1 and 2) in cattle receiving a killed virus vaccine (with no adverse reactions) before parturition. To maximize protection of bovine neonates, this method of vaccination should be considered.
Small water reservoirs – their function and construction / Małe zbiorniki wodne – ich funkcje i konstrukcje
Authors: Mioduszewski Waldemar 
Published: September 2015

Abstract Small water reservoirs play important role in rural areas. They used to be very popular, but most of them have been devastated in the last century. It is worth to restore them and to construct new ones. Very small reservoirs (ponds) can be constructed in economical and cost efficient way by individual farmers. In regard to damming below 1.0 m and to reservoirs situated outside protected areas, the permission for construction and the environmental impact assessment is not required. However, one should always keep in mind that even the smallest construction is the work of engineering and should be performed in accordance with the current standards. The increase of available water resources and improvement of water quality demand various measures including those aimed at reducing and limiting water runoff and pollutants transport from the river basins. One of the methods to improve the structure of water balance and the amount of water in rivers is the construction of a large number of small reservoirs, wetland reconstruction etc. Such reservoirs may be divided to: recreational, floristic and faunistic conservation sites, swimming pools, water quality protection (constructed wetlands) and infiltration reservoirs. Reservoirs can have many functions of the economic and natural character. If they are designed and constructed properly they can be a valuable element of the natural landscape in rural areas. Basic data for designing of small reservoirs serving mainly recreational (decorative) purposes and those used for water treatment and ground water recharge are given in the paper
Changes in the concentration of selected water quality parameters in Lake Starzec in the vegetation periods / Zmiany stężenia wybranych wskaźników jakości wody w jeziorze Starzyc w okresach wegetacyjnych
Authors: Wesołowski Piotr , Brysiewicz Adam 
Published: September 2015

Abstract Studies were carried out in the years 2008-2010 in Lake Starzyc, zachodniopomorskie voivodship. The aim was to determine differences in the concentrations of selected water quality parameters between particular months of the vegetation seasons 2008-2010. Monthly mean concentrations of dissolved oxygen between April and October were by 1.91 g O2m-3 higher in surface than in near-bottom water layer. Differences in the concentration of dissolved oxygen were also noted between particular months. Recorded concentrations fell within the range required for lake waters of the first and second water quality. Concentrations of mineral nitrogen in the years 2008-2010 corresponded to those of the third class of water quality and phosphorus concentrations exceeded this standard. Concentrations of ammonium ions did not exceed the values permitted for the second water quality class.
The relationship between the liquid limit of clayey soils, external specific surface area and the composition of exchangeable cations / Zależność granicy płynności od zewnętrznej powierzchni właściwej i składu kationów w naturalnym kompleksie wymiennym
Authors: Olchawa Andrzej , Gorączko Aleksandra 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The liquid limit - wL, the external surface area - Se, the concentration of exchangeable cations - Zi and the cation exchange capacity - CEC of seventeen clayey soils were determined. Finding the correlation between the liquid limit, external specific surface area and exchangeable cation concentration was the aim of this study. Experimental study performed using soils of the external surface area within the range of 4.1 to 118.5 m2·g-1. The relative content of sodium cation (i.e. Na+/CEC) varying between 0.03 and 1.0. Obtained results point to statistically significant relationship between these three properties. The greatest predictive power of linear regression was found for soils of external specific surface area larger than 60 m2·g-1. For the soils of comparable external surface area, the liquid limit increase with increasing the ratio of the content of sodium cation to the cation exchange capacity - Na+/CEC. For the soils of comparable composition of exchangeable cations the liquid limit increase with increasing the external surface area. These relationships indicates that interparticle forces have a prominent role in determining liquid limit of clayey soils.
Comparison of machine learning methods for runoff forecasting in mountainous watersheds with limited data / Porównanie metod uczenia maszynowego do prognozowania spływu w zlewniach górskich na podstawie ograniczonych danych
Authors: Adamowski Jan , Prasher Shiv O. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Runoff forecasting in mountainous regions with processed based models is often difficult and inaccurate due to the complexity of the rainfall-runoff relationships and difficulties involved in obtaining the required data. Machine learning models offer an alternative for runoff forecasting in these regions. This paper explores and compares two machine learning methods, support vector regression (SVR) and wavelet networks (WN) for daily runoff forecasting in the mountainous Sianji watershed located in the Himalayan region of India. The models were based on runoff, antecedent precipitation index, rainfall, and day of the year data collected over the three year period from July 1, 2001 and June 30, 2004. It was found that both the methods provided accurate results, with the best WN model slightly outperforming the best SVR model in accuracy. Both the WN and SVR methods should be tested in other mountainous watershed with limited data to further assess their suitability in forecasting.
Les calendriers chinois : l’image du temps, le temps dans les images
Authors: Arrault Alain 
Published: September 2015

Cet article tente de comprendre le rapport du calendrier annuel chinois à l’image, de ses origines, au IIIe siècle avant notre ère, jusqu’au début du XXe siècle. Sur cette très longue durée, nous rencontrons les différents supports de l’écriture chinoise (le bois puis le papier), le passage du manuscrit à l’imprimé, ainsi que les divers formats : le rouleau, les livrets, les estampes puis les posters. Si le calendrier relève d’un genre intermédiaire entre l’écrit et l’image, contrairement à ce que nous pouvons observer en Europe pour la période médiévale, l’illustration se situe le plus souvent dans ses marges (préface, couverture) lorsqu’il se présente dans un format « livre ». L’image lui confère en revanche une place de choix sur des feuilles isolées, avec toutefois des fonctions distinctes : élément cohérent et indispensable dans les estampes dites du Nouvel An, le calendrier sert surtout d’argument de vente dans les posters publicitaires, qui eux-mêmes jouent un rôle décoratif.
Mourir en scène : les portraits nécrologiques d’acteurs de kabuki au milieu du XIXe siècle
Authors: Faury Julien 
Published: September 2015

La catégorie couramment désignée par le terme de shini-e (littéralement : image de défunt) regroupe un ensemble d’estampes de kabuki réalisées pour commémorer le décès des grands acteurs du genre, principalement au cours du XIXe siècle qui vit toute une génération d’artistes talentueux quitter ce monde. Assurant une fonction d’hommage posthume mais constituant également de véritables baromètres de la popularité de l’acteur à travers leur valeur commerciale, ces portraits nécrologiques représentent des scènes imaginaires du devenir postmortem de l’intéressé, non sans parodier parfois les images classiques de l’au-delà bouddhique. Le présent article propose une analyse de plusieurs estampes issues de cette période prolixe en les classant dans l’ordre du cheminement qu’effectue le défunt vers son dernier séjour, partant du passage vers l’au-delà où la continuité du monde des vivants avec celui des morts est mise en valeur, pour ensuite passer aux scènes faisant figurer l’acteur à la croisée des six voies de renaissance ou bien en représentation au milieu des démons infernaux. Les shini-e parviennent à illustrer les éléments marquants de la personnalité de chacun des acteurs tout en matérialisant les sentiments qui devaient animer leur public auquel s’adresse ce dernier message d’outre-tombe du défunt qui, à travers son poème d’adieu au monde ou ses salutations posthumes, semble vouloir nous dire que ce passage de l’autre côté n’est qu’un ultime artifice scénique parmi tant d’autres et qu’il faut y voir là un dernier costume endossé pour la postérité.
De la qipao au col Mao : richesse visuelle et thématique des magazines de cinéma chinois de la première moitié du XXe siècle
Authors: Kerlan-Stephens Anne 
Published: September 2015

Together with the development of cinema in China, newspapers and fanzines dedicated to the « seventh art » made their appearance from 1921 on. This genre, which relied entirely on private funds, continued to exist until 1951, following all the intricacies of the chaotic history of Republican China. Extensively illustrated, these publications reflect the tastes of movie goers and their evolution, as well as the complex tie that existed between cinema and Chinese society at the time. The graphic richness of the magazine covers presented here allows a first presentation of this phenomenon.
Water quality in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico: zooplankton indicators and Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Nandini Sarma , Ramirez García Pedro , Sarma S.S.S. 
Published: September 2015

<p>Lake Xochimilco is a eutrophic water body in Mexico City used by the local population for aquaculture and agriculture. Water level is maintained with inputs of partially treated waste water from the Cerro de la Estrella treatment plant. In this study we analysed the water quality at two sites of Lake Xochimilco, Lake Xaltocan and the Santa Cruz Canal using various indicators such as zooplankton diversity, saprobic indices, bacterial concentrations and physico-chemical variables. Eighty litres of water was filtered from Lake Xochimilco from each site, once a month from March to October of 2012, and the rotifers, cladocerans and copepods were enumerated and identified. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, Secchi depth, water depth, nitrogen and phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and bacterial densities were measured. During the study we recorded 33 species of rotifers, the most abundant being <em>Brachionus angularis</em>, <em>B. calyciflorus</em> and <em>B. havanaensis</em>. Among the microcrustaceans the most abundant were the cladoceran <em>Moina micrura</em> and the copepods <em>Acanthocyclops americanus</em> and <em>Arctodiaptomus dorsalis</em>. The species diversity was around 2 bits/ind. and the saprobic index between 1.5-2.0, indicating that both sites were β meso-saprobic. At both sites nitrogen was &lt;1 mg/L and phosphorus ranged between 2.5-7.8 mg/L. Chlorophyll a concentrations were between 66-136 µg/L. The toxigenic (<em>Vibrio cholerae </em>No-O1/No-O139) and the non-toxigenic (<em>Vibrio cholerae </em>No-O135) strains of the bacterium were recorded, closely associated with littoral rotifers and cladocerans particularly <em>Brachionus quadridentatus</em> and <em>Alona</em> sp. All variables indicate that these sites in Lake Xochimilco are eutrophic and highly contaminated and that the water quality needs to be improved.<strong></strong></p>
Double origin of the racer goby (Babka gymnotrachelus) in Poland revealed with mitochondrial marker. Possible implications for the species alien/native status
Authors: Grabowski Michal , Hupało Kamil , Bylak Aneta , Kukuła Krzysztof , Grabowska Joanna 
Published: September 2015

<p>In mid-1990s racer goby, <em>Babka gymnotrachelus</em>, penetrated to the Vistula and Western Bug rivers in Poland through the canal connecting the Baltic and the Black Sea basins, namely the Vistula and Dnieper drainages. In early 2000s, the species was reported from Polish section of the Strwiąż River that is an affluent of the Dniester River that drains to the Black Sea basin. According to the Polish legislation, the racer goby has been enlisted in as an alien invasive species that may pose threat to local biota. Our analysis of the mtDNA cytochrome b diversity revealed that the Vistula/Western Bug and Strwiąż populations are different genetic units. First one originated from the Dnieper River, while the second derives from the Dniester River. According to the results of mismatch analysis, both are in the stage of demographic and spatial expansion. The haplotype frequencies in population from the Vistula/Western Bug differ significantly from those in the source population in Dnieper, suggesting founder effect, possibly due to human-mediated introduction of low number of individuals. On the other side, the population in Strwiąż does not differ in structure from the one in Dniester, providing a hint towards spontaneous range expansion. Interpretation of our results in light of historical data lead to the conclusion that presence of racer goby in Strwiąż was probably overlooked in previous, spatially limited, studies. Thus, in Strwiąż the species should not be treated as alien, contrary to its status in the Vistula drainage. This double origin of racer goby populations in Poland creates a peculiar situation for national legislation procedures as one population is alien and invasive, while the other one is not. In light of our findings, the population from Strwiąż should be recognised as a special case. Steps should be undertaken to raise public awareness to prevent translocation of the gobies between the rivers to prevent deterioration of the evolutionarily isolated genetic pools of the Dnieper and of the Dniester basins. Our results illustrate the need for case studies upon genetic population structure, following appearance of new species in previously unoccupied water bodies, even on local scale. </p>
A new species of Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Sididae) inhabits lakes of the western United States
Authors: Korovchinsky Nikolai M. 
Published: September 2015

<p><em>Diaphanosoma edmondsoni </em>sp. nov. is described from material from several lakes in Washington, California, and Montana. It differs from all other known species of the genus in having a specific combination of traits: a head with conspicuously protruding dorsal part, comparatively small eye shifted ventrally, specific armament of postero-ventral valve margin, lack of thorn(s) near posterior valve margin, comparatively long distal basal spine of postabdominal claws of slightly variable shape, and occasional presence of additional large spines on the claws. This is the first endemic species of the genus (and also of the family Sididae and order Ctenopoda) recorded in the western part of North America, which along with some other cladocerans form a group of taxa highlighting this region as one of the regional centers of endemic aquatic fauna. <strong></strong></p>
Evaluation of ecological quality in peri-urban rivers in Mexico City: a proposal for identifying and validating reference sites using benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators
Authors: Caro-Borrero Angela , Carmona Jiménez Javier , Mazari Hiriart Marisa 
Published: September 2015

<p>Conservation and management of aquatic ecosystems that are significantly influenced by urban activities requires the classification and establishment of potential reference sites. However, in Latin American countries, policies are not available that outlines the identification and evaluation of such sites. Therefore, this study represents a proposal for evaluating the ecological quality of peri-urban rivers in the conservation soil (CS) areas/zones of Mexico City. The proposal accounts for the zone’s physicochemical, hydromorphological, and bacteriological characteristics along with its macroinvertebrate richness. Our evaluation was performed using a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and indicator values (IndVal) calculated for different species. River headwaters serve/work as a good physicochemical point for potential references sites. However, the hydromorphology of the CS has been gradually modified by numerous hydraulic alterations within the peri-urban zone. Using the CCA and IndVal, two types of sites were confirmed: sites in a good state of conservation and quality and sites modified by human activity, featuring lower discharge flow, poor quality hydromorphological values and Oligochaeta class organisms. At the sites featuring a good state of conservation and quality, higher hydromorphological values were positively correlated with discharge flow and certain macroinvertebrate taxa, including Nemouridae, Podonominae, Tanypodinae, Acarina,<em> </em><em>Baetis</em>,<em> Tipula</em>,<em> Antocha</em>, <em>Atopsyche</em>, <em>Glossosoma</em>, <em>Polycentropus</em>, <em>Hesperophylax</em> and <em>Limnephilus</em><em>. </em>In the sites modified by human activity, the genus <em>Simulium</em> was classified as a disturbance-tolerant organism. The river reach within the urban zone is basically an open-air drainage ditch. Evaluations of the ecological quality of the riparian zone were used to identify the most important hydromorphological qualities and discharge flow parameters and to select the most appropriate factors that should be monitored in peri-urban rivers of the Mexico Basin. </p>
‘See-through Fashion’ in Prenatal Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Pooh Ritsuko K 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has remarkably contributed to prenatal diagnosis in fetal medicine. New applications of HDlive silhouette and HDlive flow show an inner cystic structure through the outer surface structure of the body and it can be appropriately named as ‘see-through fashion’. Picture of the month demonstrates the premature brain cavity of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain as well as the fetal premature central nervous system vascularity toward the brain inside the outer surface structure of an 8-week-fetus. Thus, the advantages of this ‘see-through fashion’ imaging are comprehensive orientation and persuasive localization of inner morphological structure as well as of fetal angiostructure, and more accurate clinical information for prenatal diagnoses and proper perinatal management can be added.

How to cite this article
Pooh RK. ‘See-through Fashion’ in Prenatal Diagnostic Imaging. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):111.
Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies during Routine Fetal Surveillance
Authors: Sylejmani Selami , Syla Bajram , Shala Sebahate 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Birth defects are common in human development. Approximately 3% of newborns have a recognizable major anomaly, and at least 5% will ultimately be diagnosed with a congenital defect. Because of improvements in other areas of prenatal care, birth defects are the single most common cause of perinatal mortality in developed countries, accounting 20 to 25% of perinatal deaths. Now, many genetic and other disorders can be diagnosed early in pregnancy. Screening examinations during pregnancy are an essential part of prenatal care. Among the various screening tests that are now offered to pregnant women, ultrasound (US) has the broadest diagnostic spectrum. There is no modality that can detect as many abnormalities during pregnancy as US. A priority goal in screening is the early detection of major fetal anomalies, which are defined as malformations that affect fetal viability and/or quality of life. During the past 10 years, some multicentric studies in Europe and USA show the successfulness of US diagnostics in detecting congenital abnormalities, even in women with low-risk pregnancy.

Definition of fetal anomalies
Any deviation from the normal range during morphogenesis, constitutes an anomaly. Major anomalies are malformations that affect viability and/or the quality of life and require intervention, and minor anomalies are malformations that are definitely present, but are minimal and usually have no functional significance (e.g. ear tags). Incidence data on major congenital anomalies vary considerably, depending on the type of detecting system used. The passive detection system reports 2 to 3% of newborns, meanwhile the active detection system, in which newborns are systematically examined by trained obstetricians, reports the incidence of congenital defects in 7.3% of all newborns.

Etiology
About 20% of anomalies in live-born infants are based on a defective gene, 10% are due to chromosomal abnormalities and 10% are mainly due to exogenous injury to the conceptus. Some 60% of all congenital anomalies are indeterminate or multifactorial causes (hereditary factors and environmental influences). Ultrasound can detect about 74% of major birth defects and possibly a higher number, when conducted by a well-trained specialist. We have demonstrated in this paper some fetal anomalies found by US during our practice in Kosovo. There are some different anomalies of almost all systems of the organs of the fetal body, some of them more frequent and some very rare anomalies.

Conclusion
Ultrasound diagnostic is a very useful method for evaluating the fetal health, fetal anomalies, anomalies of placenta and amniotic fluid as well as umbilical cord.

How to cite this article
Sylejmani S, Syla B, Shala S. Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies during Routine Fetal Surveillance. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 9(2):159-174.