bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presumptive immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia secondary to massive Africanized bee envenomation in a dog
Authors: Nakamura Reid K. , Fenty Renee K. , Bianco Domenico 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) after massive Africanized bee envenomation in a dog.Case SummaryWhile boarding at a kennel, a dog was stung by approximately 300 Africanized bees. During initial veterinary examination, the dog was deemed to be in shock, characterized by collapse, with hypotension, bradycardia, and hypoglycemia. In addition, severe diffuse erythema and edema were noted over the entire body. Supportive care, including IV crystalloid and colloid fluids, dextrose, fresh frozen plasma, oxygen therapy, broad spectrum antimicrobials, dexamethasone, and diphenhydramine was initiated. The dog's condition stabilized over the next 2 days. Forty‐eight hours after admission the dog developed hematemesis and hematochezia, and severe thrombocytopenia was identified. Extensive diagnostic investigation revealed no likely trigger other than the Africianized bee exposure, and a diagnosis of IMT was made. Following a red blood cell transfusion and immunosuppressive doses of dexamethasone and gastroprotectant therapy, the dog's condition stabilized, and the platelet count returned to normal after 7 days from initiation of therapy.New or Unique Information ProvidedIMT is a possible sequelae of massive Africanized bee envenomation in the dog.
Direct measurement of oxygen in river substrates
Authors: Neill Michael , Walsh Niamh , Lucey John 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA study was conducted to establish if river substratum dissolved oxygen (DO) could be measured directly. Hitherto, such measurements have been carried out by proxy and indirect methods or by direct methods following installation of cores/tubes into the streambed. Redox potential (Eh) readings were also taken at most of the sites for comparison. The overall conclusion is that a reliable, off‐the‐shelf instrumental method of directly measuring DO in river substrates has been tested in laboratory and field conditions. The Eh meter, per contra, did give aberrant results for some measurements particularly in the field but had the advantage of a slimmer probe for easier penetration into substrata. The measurement technique, to determine river interstitial sediment O2, is a simple and quick direct in situ method that produces reliable results.
Vegetation recruitment on the ‘white’ sandbars on the Nakdong River at the historical village of Hahoe, Korea
Authors: Woo Hyoseop , Kim Ji‐Sung , Cho Kang‐Hyeon , Cho Hyeong‐Jin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHahoe, a historical village, is famous for two large nonvegetated sandbars. These sandbars have become covered with vegetation after construction of the two upstream dams. To identify the contributing factors to vegetation recruitment, flow regime, soil moisture, flood intensity and climate conditions before and after two dams were investigated. The occurrence of drought caused flow change and significant encroachment of riparian vegetation in just 3 years after the second dam was in place. Numerical results show that the dimensionless shear stress was a useful factor for predicting vegetation recruitment. Decrease in peak flows and aggradation of the sandbars resulted in more of the sandbar area experiencing low shear stress, hence facilitating vegetation colonization. In conclusion, the development of optimal dam operation rule to increase the difference of peak release flows between germination and flood season may be required to manage the riparian vegetation sustainably and economically in the regulated river.
Both Terminal Oxidases Contribute to Fitness and Virulence during Organ-Specific Staphylococcus aureus Colonization
Authors: Götz Friedrich , Mayer Sonja 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

In their recent article, Hammer et al. (N. D. Hammer, M. L. Reniere, J. E. Cassat, Y. Zhang, A. O. Hirsch, M. Indriati Hood, and E. P. Skaar, mBio
4
:e00241-13, 2013) described the dual functions of the two terminal oxidases encoded by
cydBA
and
qoxABCD
in
Staphylococcus aureus
. The aerobic growth of
cydB
or
qoxB
single mutant bacteria was barely affected. However, a
cydB qoxB
double mutant was completely unable to respire and exhibited the small-colony variant phenotype that is typical of menaquinone and heme biosynthesis mutants. The authors found that the two terminal oxidases play a role in pathogenesis. In a systemic mouse infection model, it turned out that in the
cydB
mutant the bacterial burden was significantly decreased in the heart, kidneys, and liver, while in the
qoxB
mutant it was decreased only in the liver. These results illustrate that both terminal oxidases contribute to fitness and virulence, representing promising candidates for the development of antimicrobials.
The impact of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular comorbidity on mortality in a multiethnic population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jesky Mark , Lambert Amanda , Burden A C Felix , Cockwell Paul 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular comorbidity on mortality in a multiethnic primary care population.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingInner-city primary care trust in West Midlands, UK.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 40 years and older, of South Asian, black or white ethnicity, registered with a general practice and with their kidney function checked within the last 12 months (n=31 254).Outcome measureAll-cause mortality.ResultsReduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher albuminuria, older age, white ethnicity (vs South Asian or black ethnicity) and increasing cardiovascular comorbidities were independent determinants of a higher mortality risk. In the multivariate model including comorbidities and kidney function, the HR for mortality for South Asians was 0.697 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.868, p=0.001) and for blacks it was 0.533 (95% CI 0.403 to 0.704, p<0.001) compared to whites.ConclusionsThe HR for death is lower for South Asian and black individuals compared to white individuals. This is, in part, independent of age, gender, socioeconomic status, kidney function and comorbidities. Risk of death is higher in individuals with CKD and with a higher cumulative cardiovascular comorbidity.
Rationale, design and baseline data of a mixed methods study examining the clinical impact of a brief transition programme for young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the DON'T RETARD project
Authors: Hilderson Deborah , Westhovens Rene , Wouters Carine , Van der Elst Kristien , Goossens Eva , Moons Philip 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo describe (1) the content of a transition programme for young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) designed as a brief intervention, (2) the rationale and design of a mixed-methods study evaluating the clinical impact of this transition programme and (3) to provide baseline data of the intervention group.DesignAn ‘embedded experimental’ design is used for the evaluation of the transition programme. A ‘one-group pretest-posttest, with a non-equivalent posttest-only comparison group design’ is used to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the transition programme, applying both longitudinal and comparative analyses. Subsequently, experiences of adolescents and their parents who participated in the experimental group will be analysed qualitatively using content analysis.SettingParticipants in the intervention are recruited at a tertiary care centre in Belgium. The comparison group participants are recruited from one tertiary and three secondary care centres in Belgium.ParticipantsThe intervention group consists of 33 young people (25 females; 8 males) with a median age of 16 years. Main diagnoses are persistent or extended oligoarticular JIA (33%), polyarticular JIA (30%), enthesitis-related JIA (21%) or systemic arthritis (15%).InterventionThe transition programme comprises eight key components: (1) transition coordinator; (2) providing information and education; (3) availability by telephone; (4) information about and contact with an adult care programme; (5) guidance of parents; (6) meeting with peers; (7) transfer plan; and (8) actual transfer to adult care.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome is health status, as perceived by the adolescents. Secondary outcomes are health status, as perceived by the parents; medication adherence; illness-related knowledge; quality of life; fatigue; promotion of independence; support of autonomy; behavioural control and psychological control.ResultsAt baseline, the median score was 69.2 (Q1=60.0;Q3=92.9) on psychosocial health and 68.8 (Q1=56.3; Q3=89.1) on physical health. Rheumatic-specific health scores ranged from 62.5 to 100.ConclusionsWe present the rationale and design of a study intended to evaluate a transition programme for adolescents with JIA as a brief intervention.
Life expectancy estimation in small administrative areas with non-uniform population sizes: application to Australian New South Wales local government areas
Authors: Stephens Alexandre S , Purdie Stuart , Yang Baohui , Moore Helen 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo determine a practical approach for deriving life expectancy estimates in Australian New South Wales local government areas which display a large diversity in population sizes.DesignPopulation-based study utilising mortality and estimated residential population data.Setting153 local government areas in New South Wales, Australia.Outcome measuresKey performance measures of Chiang II, Silcocks, adjusted Chiang II and Bayesian random effects model methodologies of life expectancy estimation including agreement analysis of life expectancy estimates and comparison of estimate SEs.ResultsChiang II and Silcocks methods produced almost identical life expectancy estimates across a large range of population sizes but calculation failures and excessively large SEs limited their use in small populations. A population of 25 000 or greater was required to estimate life expectancy with SE of 1 year or less using adjusted Chiang II (a composite of Chiang II and Silcocks methods). Data aggregation offered some remedy for extending the use of adjusted Chiang II in small populations but reduced estimate currency. A recently developed Bayesian random effects model utilising the correlation in mortality rates between genders, age groups and geographical areas markedly improved the precision of life expectancy estimates in small populations.ConclusionsWe propose a hybrid approach for the calculation of life expectancy using the Bayesian random effects model in populations of 25 000 or lower permitting the precise derivation of life expectancy in small populations. In populations above 25 000, we propose the use of adjusted Chiang II to guard against violations of spatial correlation, to benefit from a widely accepted method that is simpler to communicate to local health authorities and where its slight inferior performance compared with the Bayesian approach is of minor practical significance.
Protocol for a prospective, controlled study of assertive and timely reperfusion for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Tamil Nadu: the TN-STEMI programme
Authors: Alexander Thomas , Victor Suma M , Mullasari Ajit S , Veerasekar Ganesh , Subramaniam Kala , Nallamothu Brahmajee K ,   for the TN-STEMI Programme Investigators
Published: December 2013

IntroductionOver the past two decades, India has witnessed a staggering increase in the incidence and mortality of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Indians have higher rates of STEMI and younger populations that suffer from it when compared with developed countries. Yet, the recommended reperfusion therapy with fibrinolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention is available only to a minority of patients. This gap in care is a result of financial barriers, limited healthcare infrastructure and poor knowledge and accessibility of acute medical services for a majority of its population.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, multicentre, ‘pretest/post-test’ quasi-experimental, community-based study. This programme will use a ‘hub-and-spoke’ model of an integrated healthcare network based on clusters of primary-care health clinics, small hospitals and large tertiary-care facilities. It is an ‘all-comers’ study which will enrol consecutive patients presenting with STEMI to the participating hospitals. The primary objectives of the study is to improve the use of reperfusion therapy and reduce the time from first medical contact to device or drug in STEMI patients; and to increase the rates of early invasive risk stratification with coronary angiography within 3–24 h of fibrinolytic therapy in eligible patients through changes in process of care. Outcomes will be measured with statistical comparison made before and after implementing the TN-STEMI programme. The estimated sample size is based on the Kovai Erode Pilot study, which provided an initial work on establishing this type of programme in South India. It will be adequately powered at 80% with a superiority margin of 10% if 36 patients are enrolled per cluster or 108 patients in three clusters. Thus, the enrolment period of 9 months will result in a sample size of 1500 patients.EthicsThis study will be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the current Declaration of Helsinki and ‘ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human participants’ as laid down by the Indian Council for Medical Research. All participating hospitals will still obtain local ethics committee approval of the study protocol and written informed consent will be obtained from all participants.Dissemination and resultsOur findings will be reported through scientific publications, research conferences and public policy venues aimed at state and local governments in India. If successful, this model can be extended to other areas of India as well as serve as a model of STEMI systems of care for low-income and middle-income countries across the world.RegistrationTrial is registered with Clinical trial registry of India, No: CTRI/2012/09/003002.
The role of private care in the interval between diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in Northern Ireland: an analysis of Registry data
Authors: Carney Patricia , Gavin Anna , O'Neill Ciaran 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the differences in the interval between diagnosis and initiation of treatment among women with breast cancer in Northern Ireland.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingAll breast cancer care patients in the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry in 2006.ParticipantsAll women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in Northern Ireland in 2006.Main outcome measureThe number of days between diagnosis and initiation of treatment for breast cancer.ResultsThe mean (median) interval between diagnosis and initiation of treatment among public patients was 19 (15) compared with 14 (12) among those whose care involved private providers. The differences between individual public providers were as marked as those between the public and private sector—the mean (median) ranging between 14 (12) and 25 (22) days. Multivariate models revealed that the differences were evident when a range of patient characteristics were controlled for including cancer stage.ConclusionsA relatively small number of women received care privately in Northern Ireland but experienced shorter intervals between diagnosis and initiation of treatment than those who received care wholly in the public system. The variation among public providers was as great as that between the public and private providers. The impact of such differences on survival and in light of waiting time targets introduced in Northern Ireland warrants investigation.
An evaluation of the potential use ofCryptosporidiumspecies as agents for deliberate release
Authors: Hagen Ralf Matthias , Loderstaedt U , Frickmann H 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionWe evaluated the potential ofCryptosporidiumspp. for intentional transmission as a terrorist tactic in asymmetric conflicts in terms of the recognised optimum conditions for biological warfare.MethodsPublished and widely accepted criteria regarding the optimum conditions for the success of biological warfare based on experience from passive biological warfare research were applied to hypothetical intentionalCryptosporidiumspp. transmission.ResultThe feasibility of the use ofCryptosporidiumspp. transmission for terrorist purposes was established. Particularly on tropical deployments with poor hygiene conditions, such attacks might have a good chance of remaining undetected as a deliberate terrorist attack.ConclusionsIntentional transmission should be suspected in cases of sudden outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, particularly where adequate food and drinking water hygiene precautions are being enforced. Appropriate diagnostic procedures should be available so that the diagnosis is not missed.
A Population-Based Evaluation of Cervical Screening in the United States: 2008–2011
Authors: Cuzick Jack , Myers Orrin , Hunt William C. , Robertson Michael , Joste Nancy E. , Castle Philip E. , Benard Vicki B. , Wheeler Cosette M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Background: Cervical screening consumes substantial resources, but little is known about utilization in the United States or compliance with guideline recommendations.
Methods: To describe population screening coverage, utilization, and outcomes and examine time trends from 2008 to 2011, cervical cytology reports from women residing in New Mexico (981,063 tests from 511,381 women) were evaluated.
Results: From 2008 to 2011 cervical screening utilization decreased at all ages, but especially in younger women, with a two-third reduction at ages 15 to 20 years. Ninety-four percent of women ages 25 to 29 years were screened within 48 months but coverage decreased at older ages to 69% at 45 to 49 years and 55% at 60 to 64 years. Intervals between screening tests were significantly longer in 2011 compared with 2008 [HR = 1.23; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.22–1.24], although the commonest rescreening interval was 13 months. In 2011, 91.9% of screening tests for women ages 21 to 65 years were negative, 6.6% showed minor abnormalities, and 1.0% high-grade abnormalities. High-grade abnormality rates were relatively constant over time, but minor abnormalities and atypical cells cannot rule out high-grade (ASC-H) were increasing.
Conclusions: This population-based evaluation of cervical screening shows high coverage under the age of 40 years, but lower levels in older women. Screening under age 21 years is becoming less common and screening intervals are lengthening, reflecting updates in national screening guidelines.
Impact: Assessment of cervical screening intervals and population outcomes is essential for accurately estimating the impact and effectiveness of changing recommendations and vaccination against human papilloma virus infections. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 765–73. ©2013 AACR.
PID1 (NYGGF4), a New Growth-Inhibitory Gene in Embryonal Brain Tumors and Gliomas
Authors: Erdreich-Epstein Anat , Robison Nathan , Ren Xiuhai , Zhou Hong , Xu Jingying , Davidson Tom B. , Schur Mathew , Gilles Floyd H. , Ji Lingyun , Malvar Jemily , Shackleford Gregory M. , Margol Ashley S. , Krieger Mark D. , Judkins Alexander R. , Jones David T.W. , Pfister Stefan M. , Kool Marcel , Sposto Richard , Asgharazadeh Shahab 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: We present here the first report of PID1 (Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain containing 1; NYGGF4) in cancer. PID1 was identified in 2006 as a gene that modulates insulin signaling and mitochondrial function in adipocytes and muscle cells.
Experimental Design and Results: Using four independent medulloblastoma datasets, we show that mean PID1 mRNA levels were lower in unfavorable medulloblastomas (groups 3 and 4, and anaplastic histology) compared with favorable medulloblastomas (SHH and WNT groups, and desmoplastic/nodular histology) and with fetal cerebellum. In two large independent glioma datasets, PID1 mRNA was lower in glioblastomas (GBM), the most malignant gliomas, compared with other astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and nontumor brains. Neural and proneural GBM subtypes had higher PID1 mRNA compared with classical and mesenchymal GBM. Importantly, overall survival and radiation-free progression-free survival were longer in medulloblastoma patients whose tumors had higher PID1 mRNA (univariate and multivariate analyses). Higher PID1 mRNA also correlated with longer overall survival in patients with glioma and GBM. In cell culture, overexpression of PID1 inhibited colony formation in medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and GBM cell lines. Increasing PID1 also increased cell death and apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, induced mitochondrial depolaization, and decreased serum-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in medulloblastoma, ATRT, and/or GBM cell lines, whereas siRNA to PID1 diminished mitochondrial depolarization.
Conclusions: These data are the first to link PID1 to cancer and suggest that PID1 may have a tumor inhibitory function in these pediatric and adult brain tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 827–36. ©2013 AACR.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Chemoimmunotherapy Clinical Trial in a Pet Dog Model of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Marconato Laura , Frayssinet Patrick , Rouquet Nicole , Comazzi Stefano , Leone Vito Ferdinando , Laganga Paola , Rossi Federica , Vignoli Massimo , Pezzoli Lorenzo , Aresu Luca 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Active immunotherapy is a promising antitumoral strategy; however its use in combination with chemotherapy in dogs with large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains largely untested. Heat shock proteins (HSP) bind the small peptides they chaperone (HSPPC), allowing for immunization of the host against a large repertoire of tumor-associated antigens. Hydroxylapatite vehicles HSPPCs and acts as an immunologic adjuvant. The aim of this study was to show that an autologous vaccine with hydroxylapatite and tumor-derived HSPPCs is safe and therapeutically effective in dogs with DLBCL.
Experimental Design: Nineteen dogs with naturally occurring DLBCL were entered into a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial of HSPPCs–hydroxylapatite plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. Endpoints included time to progression (TTP), lymphoma-specific survival (LSS), and incidence of toxicoses.
Results: Median first TTP after randomization to the vaccine arm was 304 days versus 41 days for the control arm (P = 0.0004). There was also a statistically significant difference in duration of second remission between the two groups (P = 0.02). Median LSS was 505 days for the vaccinated dogs versus 159 days for the unvaccinated dogs (P = 0.0018). Six vaccinated dogs achieved molecular remission, as shown by clonal immunoglobulin H (IgH) rearrangement. Toxicoses were comparable between the two treatment arms.
Conclusions: The results of this trial demonstrate that the autologous vaccine tested here is safe and efficacious in prolonging TTP and LSS in dogs with DLBCL when used in combination with dose-intense chemotherapy. On the basis of these results, additional evaluation of this novel therapeutic strategy is warranted in human DLBCL. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 668–77. ©2013 AACR.