bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Situ XRD Measurement and Quantitative Analysis of Hydrating Cement: Implications for Sulfate Incorporation in C–S–H
Authors: Valentini Luca , Dalconi Maria Chiara , Favero Marco , Artioli Gilberto , Ferrari Giorgio 
Published: December 2014

The study of hydration kinetics by in‐situ X‐ray powder diffraction can provide fundamental details on the time evolution of the phase assemblage in hydrating cement pastes. The main limit of the technique is the lack of quantitative information about the amount of C–S–H and unbound water, which cannot be measured directly by conventional quantitative phase analysis procedures based on X‐ray diffraction, due to their X‐ray amorphous nature. Here, a mass balance algorithm, which can be used to determine the amount of both C–S–H and capillary water, is presented and compared with methods based on standards. This method can also provide information about the stoichiometry of C–S–H formed by the reaction of C3S, hydrated in the presence of gypsum, suggesting the incorporation of 0.3 mol of sulfate per mole of C–S–H precipitated. In addition, the results show a significant increase in the rate of C3S hydration, when gypsum is added to the system.
Supporting Primary Healthcare Professionals to Care for People with Intellectual Disability: A Research Agenda
Authors: Lennox Nicholas , Van Driel Mieke L. , van Dooren Kate 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe vast health inequities experienced by people with intellectual disability remain indisputable. Persistent and contemporary challenges exist for primary healthcare providers and researchers working to contribute to improvements to the health and well‐being of people with intellectual disability. Over two decades after the only review of supports for primary healthcare providers was published, this paper contributes to an evolving research agenda that aims to make meaningful gains in health‐related outcomes for this group.MethodsThe present authors updated the existing review by searching the international literature for developments and evaluations of multinational models of care.ResultsBased on our review, we present three strategies to support primary healthcare providers: (i) effectively using what we know, (ii) considering other strategies that offer support to primary healthcare professionals and (iii) researching primary health care at the system level.ConclusionsStrengthening primary care by supporting equitable provision of health‐related care for people with intellectual disability is a much needed step towards improving health outcomes among people with intellectual disability. More descriptive quantitative and qualitative research, as well as intervention‐based research underpinned by rigorous mixed‐methods evaluating these strategies at the primary care level, which is sensitive to the needs of people with intellectual disability will assist primary care providers to provide better care and achieve better health outcomes.Accessible AbstractMany people with intellectual disability have poor health. The authors reviewed what has been written by other researchers about how to improve the health of people with intellectual disability. In the future, people who support adults with intellectual disability should continue doing what they do well, think of other ways to improve health, and do more research about health. At all times, the needs of people with intellectual disability should be the greatest concern for those trying to support them.
The Informativeness of Dividends and Associated Tax Credits
Authors: Coulton Jeffrey J. , Ruddock Caitlin M. S. , Taylor Stephen L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the informativeness of dividends and the associated tax credits with respect to earnings persistence. After confirming that dividend‐paying firms have more persistent earnings than non‐dividend‐paying firms, we show that the taxation status of the dividend is also important. Firms that pay dividends with a full tax credit attached have significantly more persistent earnings than firms that pay dividends which carry no associated tax credit. Consistent with higher levels of tax credits identifying more mature firms, those paying dividends with full tax credits have significantly less persistent losses than firms that pay dividends with only partial tax credits. Further, market pricing tests confirm that the incremental information in dividends and tax credits contributes to reductions in market mispricing of the persistence of earnings and earnings components. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and controlling for dividend size and firm age.
Influence of Gender, Anxiety and Depression Symptoms, and Use of Oral Contraceptive in Color Perception
Authors: da Silva Maria Aparecida , Anfe Taciana Emília de Almeida , Matos Adriana Bona , Vieira Glauco Fioranelli 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe color is a psychophysical phenomenon, and much has been studied about its physical components. However, the psychological part is poorly investigated, except for the difference between genders in the literature shows that more men are color deficient than women. Dental students are trained to better understand the differences in color, so we became interested in studying whether psychological variables such as anxiety and depression and use of hormonal contraceptives may interfere with this ability. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate if factors, such as, hormonal contraceptive use, depressive symptoms, anxiety and quality of life, influence on the ability of color discrimination of dental school students.Materials and MethodsSixty‐one subjects participated and the following instruments apply: (1) test that consists in the observation of a set of 25 labels (pantones) with values of known colors, (2) scales of depression, anxiety, and quality of life assessments, and (3) Ishihara test.ResultsNo difference was observed between genders as color perception (p = 0.868). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly more frequent in the female population that showed worse quality of life (p < 0.000) but did not interfere with color perception. Women using hormonal contraceptives had lower color perception than men (p = 0.04).ConclusionNo difference between the genders in the perception of colors was observed, contrary to common sense that women discriminate more colors than men, but women using hormonal contraceptives showed more difficulty in color perception.Clinical SignificanceThe ability to understand and distinguish color differences is extremely important in clinical dentistry. There could be differences in color perception between men and women that would influence clinical performance.
A NEW MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF DOLOMITE IN THE TRIASSIC DOLOMITES, NORTHERN ITALY
Authors: Blendinger W. , Lohmeier S. , Bertini A. , Meißner E. , Sattler C.-D. 
Published: December 2014

The Pale di San Martino and Pale di San Lucano (referred to together as the “Pale”) are remnants of an originally more extensive carbonate platform in the Dolomite Mountains of northern Italy. The platforms are composed of Middle Triassic dolomites and limestones up to 1.6km thick. Limestones comprise 2–3% of the platform carbonates and are restricted to narrow corridors (tens to a few hundred metres wide, hundreds of metres long and high) within the dolomite. The mainly sucrosic dolomites of the Pale are interpreted as the result of recrystallization of a depositional, nearly stoichiometric Mg calcite under burial temperatures of ca. 40–70°C. The principal arguments are:
The quantitative composition indicates that all platform carbonates are composed mainly of micritic crusts (45%; boundstone fabric prevails) and early cement (35%; microcrystalline, fibrous). The platform carbonates were probably mainly bacterial precipitates and tight at the sediment‐water interface (porosities <5%, permeabilities in the micro‐Darcy range).
The limestone‐dolomite transitions (centimetres to decimetres wide) lack dolomite gradients. The lack of evidence for flowing fluids causing dolomitization suggests stagnant pore waters.
The δ13C of average dolomite is 1.3‰ heavier than that of coeval limestone (666 analyses). The difference corresponds to a primary difference of 50mol% MgCO3 and is interpreted as the result of fractionation. It suggests a dolomite precursor of very high Mg calcite, whereas present‐day limestone of the Pale was probably deposited as a basically Mg‐free polymorph (aragonite and/or calcite).
The dolomite δ18O (+1 to −11‰ VPDB) values show a scatter over the platform thickness and preserve randomly distributed values around 0‰. The scatter is probably due to selective re‐setting of δ18O near pore spaces and is mainly a sampling effect.
The observation that 87Sr/86Sr ratios (77 analyses) of limestone and dolomite are either slightly higher or lower than Middle Triassic seawater, but almost never “normal marine”, suggests that the platform carbonates of the Pale were deposited from seawater contaminated with artesian freshwater. The limestone corridors are probably caused by artesian springs of somewhat higher than ambient depositional temperature, with low Mg calcite and/or aragonite deposited in or near fracture zones. The volumetrically subordinate cycle‐cap dolomite is possibly a primary precipitate.
What can we learn from hepatitis B virus clinical cohorts?
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lin , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are considered to be sequential adverse outcomes in patients with persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBV infection is endemic in Taiwan and most HBV carriers acquire the virus early in life. The impact of HBV factors on the natural course of patients with chronic HBV infection has been investigated in three cohort studies. The first Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver Disease/Cancer‐Hepatitis B Virus (REVEAL‐HBV) cohort study revealed that HBV viral load is a strong predictive factor for the risk of cirrhosis and HCC and baseline serum HBV DNA levels >2000 IU/ml may increase the risk of cirrhosis and HCC in adult HBV carriers. In the second Study of E Antigen seRoClearance of Hepatitis B (SEARCH‐B), HBsAg level <100 IU/ml at 1‐year post HBeAg seroconversion was shown to be a predictor of HBsAg seroclearance over time. Recently, the third Elucidation of Risk Factors for Disease Control or Advancement in Taiwanese Hepatitis B Carriers (ERADICATE‐B) cohort study also suggested that HBsAg levels were a complementary predictive risk factor to HBV DNA levels for predicting HBV‐related adverse events in patients with low viral load (HBV DNA level <2000 IU/ml). An HBsAg level >1000 IU/ml in HBeAg‐negative patients with low viral load, is associated with higher risks of HCC, cirrhosis, and HBeAg‐negative hepatitis. Based on results of the REVEAL‐HBV cohort study, a risk calculator to predict HCC in non‐cirrhotic patients was developed and validated by independent international cohorts (REACH‐B). In the recent update of the REVEAL‐HBV study, HBsAg level was incorporated into the HCC risk prediction model with excellent accuracy. In conclusion, evidence from these HBV clinical cohorts confirms the progression and integration of viral biomarkers for the prediction of the prognosis of Asian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. If the predictive power of the HCC risk calculator could be validated in non‐Asian populations, it could be used in clinical practice to individualize the management of HBV carriers with different levels of HCC risk.
Optimal IFN‐free therapy in treatment‐naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 infection
Authors: Asselah Tarik , Marcellin Patrick 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThere has been a revolution in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Several oral regimens combining direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) from different families [NS5B nucleotide inhibitors, NS5B non‐nucleoside inhibitors, NS5A replication complex inhibitors and NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PI)] are under development. These regimens result in an increase in sustained virological response (SVR) rates to above 90% and reduce the duration of treatment to twelve weeks or less. As of 2015 several regimens will be approved with additive potencies, without cross‐resistance and with a good safety profile. Remaining issues will include increasing screening and access to care so that HCV may become the first chronic viral infection eradicated worldwide. This review summarizes results obtained with oral DAAs combinations, that have been approved and/or have completed phase III clinical trials for HCV genotype 1 (HCV‐1) treatment‐naïve patients.
HBV and the immune response
Authors: Ferrari Carlo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection acquired in adult life is generally self‐limited while chronic persistence of the virus is the prevalent outcome when infection is acquired perinatally. Both control of infection and liver cell injury are strictly dependent upon protective immune responses, because hepatocyte damage is the price that the host must pay to get rid of intracellular virus. Resolution of acute hepatitis B is associated with functionally efficient, multispecific antiviral T‐cell responses which are preceded by a poor induction of intracellular innate responses at the early stages of infection. Persistent control of infection is provided by long‐lasting protective memory, which is probably sustained by continuous stimulation of the immune system by trace amounts of virus which are never totally eliminated, persisting in an occult episomic form in the nucleus of liver cells even after recovery from acute infection. Chronic virus persistence is instead characterized by a lack of protective T‐cell memory maturation and by an exhaustion of HBV‐specific T‐cell responses. Persistent exposure of T cells to high antigen loads is a key determinant of functional T‐cell impairment but also other mechanisms can contribute to T‐cell inhibition, including the tolerogenic effect of the liver environment. The degree of T‐cell impairment is variable and its severity is related to the level of virus replication and antigen load. The antiviral T‐cell function is more efficient in patients who can control infection either partially, such as inactive HBsAg carriers with low levels of virus replication, or completely, such as patients who achieve HBsAg loss either spontaneously or after antiviral therapy. Thus, understanding the features of the immune responses associated with control of infection is needed for the successful design of novel immune modulatory therapies based on the reconstitution of efficient antiviral responses in chronic HBV patients.
Factors influencing the distribution of coastal lichens Hydropunctaria maura and Wahlenbergiella mucosa
Authors: Higgins Niall F. , Connan Solène , Stengel Dagmar B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResponses to abiotic and biotic stresses that potentially drive the vertical zonation of the intertidal lichens Hydropunctaria maura, an upper littoral lichen, and Wahlenbergiella mucosa, a lower littoral lichen, were investigated in field and laboratory experiments. When transplanted, both lichens exhibited an inability to survive outside their normal vertical distribution range. W. mucosa appeared to be unable to tolerate prolonged periods of desiccation following translocation from lower to upper littoral regions, whereas H. maura was unable to survive in lower littoral zones possibly owing to increased grazing pressure. The effect of desiccation in both lichens was compared using pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and infra‐red gas analysis; results indicated a more hydration‐dependent nature of W. mucosa. Photosynthetic (algal) pigments and phenolic compounds were determined in both lichen thalli, and a range of additional coastal lichens occupying a natural gradient from upper to lower shore levels. Pigment composition and concentration in both lichen thalli were similar whereas levels of phenolic compounds were up to three times higher in W. mucosa than H. maura. Pigment and phenolic concentration and composition exhibited some seasonality across 13 different lichens originating from different shore levels. Phenolic concentration increased towards the lower shore, suggesting a potential anti‐herbivory function. This marks the first study of pigments and phenolics in coastal lichen communities, and prompts further investigations on the particular physiological features of marine and maritime lichens that enable them to thrive in this extreme environment.
Spectrum ofFusariuminfections in tropical dermatology evidenced by multilocus sequencing typing diagnostics
Authors: van Diepeningen Anne D. , Feng Peiying , Ahmed Sarah , Sudhadham Montarop , Bunyaratavej Sumanas , de Hoog G. Sybren 
Published: December 2014

SummaryFusariumspecies are emerging causative agents of superficial, cutaneous and systemic human infections. In a study of the prevalence and genetic diversity of 464 fungal isolates from a dermatological ward in Thailand, 44 strains (9.5%) proved to belong to the genusFusarium. Species identification was based on sequencing a portion of translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (tef1‐α),rDNAinternal transcribed spacer and RNA‐dependent polymerase subunit II (rpb2). Our results revealed that 37 isolates (84%) belonged to theFusarium solanispecies complex (FSSC), one strain matched withFusarium oxysporum(FOSC) complex 33, while six others belonged to theFusarium incarnatum‐equisetispecies complex. Within the FSSC two predominant clusters representedFusarium falciformeand recently describedF. keratoplasticum. No gender differences in susceptibility toFusariumwere noted, but infections on the right side of the body prevailed. Eighty‐nine per cent of theFusariumisolates were involved in onychomycosis, while the remaining ones caused paronychia or severe tinea pedis. Comparing literature data, superficial infections by FSSC appear to be prevalent in Asia and Latin America, whereas FOSC is more common in Europe. The available data suggest that Fusarium is a common opportunistic human pathogens in tropical areas and has significant genetic variation worldwide.
Morphological and physiological features of Arthroderma benhamiae anamorphs isolated in northern Germany
Authors: Brasch Jochen , Wodarg Svea 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe anamorph of Arthroderma benhamiae is an upcoming zoophilic dermatophyte that only in recent years has gained importance as a cause of tinea in humans. Its identification by conventional methods can cause problems. In this study we have subjected seven genetically confirmed strains of A. benhamiae anamorphs from northern Germany recently identified in our laboratory to a comprehensive assessment. Their macroscopic and microscopic morphology was checked on various agars and enzyme release stimulated by substrates with keratin, hair perforation and other physiological characteristics were tested. All strains were related to the previously described yellow phenotype of the A. benhamiae anamorph and showed a high resemblance among themselves. Coherent features were their uniform thallus morphology on Sabouraud glucose agar with yellow pigmentation, the formation of circuit‐like hyphal structures and hyphal connections that had not been described previously, a lack of conidia, thiamine dependence, the spectrum of released enzymes and a good growth on human stratum corneum. With exception of the latter two these criteria are suggested for the identification of this anamorph phenotype that should be evaluated by future observations. Different phenotypes of the A. benhamiae anamorph may prevail in other geographic regions.
Acute callosal disconnection syndrome as an initial manifestation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Kobayashi Junpei , Kuroda Hiroshi , Ezura Michinori , Sugeno Naoto , Shibui Aya , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Misu Tatsuro , Fujihara Kazuo , Mori Etsuro , Aoki Masashi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a 76‐year‐old ambidextrous man with acute callosal disconnection syndrome accompanied by acquired stuttering and right hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed edematous pancallosal lesions and a spotty lesion in the left precentral gyrus. We diagnosed him as having neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders according to the seropositivity for anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody. Callosal disconnection syndrome presented unique laterality as a result of ambidexterity, and was outstanding even during the acute attack as a result of massive and selective corpus callosum involvement. Measurement of anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody can be useful for differential diagnosis of patients presenting acute callosal disconnection syndrome.
Overview of Dermatologic Disorders of Neonates in a Central Regional Intensive Care Unit in Hungary
Authors: Csoma Zsanett , Meszes Angéla , Mader Krisztina , Kemény Lajos , Tálosi Gyula 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe immaturity and vulnerability of the skin and epidermal barrier function and the frequent iatrogenic complications following diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are often associated with skin manifestations in infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of the current study was to investigate dermatologic disorders in neonates in our NICU. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the NICU at the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Szeged between January 2012 and January 2013. All full‐ and preterm infants hospitalized in the NICU underwent whole‐body skin examinations and all dermatologic disorders and treatment modalities were recorded. Eighty‐nine dermatologic conditions were detected in 64 of the 211 neonates admitted to the NICU. A wide variety of clinical symptoms accompanied these conditions in these preterm and severely ill full‐term infants. A considerable proportion of the disorders that were seen resulted from the immaturity of the skin and various iatrogenic complications. Dermatologic disorders are frequent in neonates requiring intensive care. Prevention, early detection, and optimal treatment of these disorders with modern, standardized skin care management strategies can result in significant improvements in barrier function and in the integrity of the skin, increasing the overall efficacy of neonatal intensive care.
Epidermal Choristoma of the Tongue Mimicking a Congenital Melanotic Macule
Authors: Curto‐Barredo Laia , Vicente Asunción , Rovira Carlota , García‐Diez Eloy , Pujol Ramón M. , González‐Enseñat Maria Antonia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report the fifth case of epidermal choristoma of the oral cavity in a Caucasian newborn with a congenital melanotic macule on the dorsum of the tongue. Epidermal choristoma is an exceedingly rare and benign condition probably caused by a developmental abnormality. It is identified according to the presence of normal skin in an abnormal location. Histologically it is identified according to areas of stratified epithelium and hyperpigmentation of the basal layer along with cutaneous adnexal structures (hair follicles, sebaceous or sweat glands). The clinical presentation is variable, but most of the cases described presented with a congenital lingual pigmented macule. These lesions should be included within the differential diagnosis of congenital lingual macules and distinguished from other entities such as congenital lingual melanotic macules and melanocytic lesions. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Epidermal choristoma is a benign condition that probably is underdiagnosed because it is a new and rare entity, and dermatologists should be aware of it.