bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Low CD73 Expression on Synovial Lymphocytes With Reduced Adenosine Generation and Higher Disease Severity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Botta Gordon‐Smith Sophie , Ursu Simona , Eaton Simon , Moncrieffe Halima , Wedderburn Lucy R. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and adenosine‐generating activity of the ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase CD73 on synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsGiven the role of CD73 protein in the production of antiinflammatory adenosine and its intersection with inflammatory biologic pathways, the expression of CD73 on SF and PB lymphocytes from patients with JIA and PB lymphocytes from healthy control subjects was determined by flow cytometry. The AMPase activity of CD73 on PBMCs and SFMCs was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The effects of cell activation on CD73 expression were examined by in vitro culture of PBMCs.ResultsCD8+ and CD19+ SFMCs from patients with JIA expressed decreased levels of CD73 when compared to paired PBMCs from JIA patients and PBMCs from healthy controls. When the percentages of CD73+ synovial lymphocytes were compared between the 2 clinical forms of oligoarthritis, children with extended oligoarthritis showed lower CD73 expression compared to those with the milder form of the disease. CD8+ SFMCs had a lower ability to produce adenosine from etheno‐AMP compared to CD8+ PBMCs. T cell activation through the T cell receptor (TLR) of CD8+CD73+ cells and B cell activation through TLR‐9 resulted in reduced expression of CD73. This down‐regulation occurred on dividing cells.ConclusionThese findings show that low CD73 expression on T and B cells in the inflamed site is related to cell proliferation and is correlated with the clinical severity of oligoarticular JIA. The decreased CD73 expression on SFMCs, in turn, results in reduced adenosine production, which leads to a decreased potential for antiinflammatory activity.
Cotranscriptionally Folded RNA Nanostructures Pave the Way to Intracellular Nanofabrication
Authors: Li Jiang , Chao Jie , Shi Jiye , Fan Chunhai 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA very attractive goal in nanotechnology is to manufacture smart nanodevices that integrate multiple biological/biomedical functions and autonomously function in vivo in a predefined and well‐controlled manner. For decades, researchers have been developing many different ways toward this target, using bottom‐up assembly of types of nanomaterials or top‐down fabrication of devices with nanometer‐scale precision. However, the practical application of these nanodevices remains challenging. One possible barrier lies in the spatiotemporal separation between fabrication and use, which poses a great challenge for the non‐invasive delivery of fully functional nanodevice into live cells. Indeed, cells themselves are highly complex natural machines with membrane barriers and finely regulated pathways for intracellular delivery. However, there is plenty of evidence that nanomaterials or nanodevices are easily aggregated or trapped inside of the cells.
A Ternary Composite Based on Graphene, Hemin, and Gold Nanorods with High Catalytic Activity for the Detection of Cell‐Surface Glycan Expression
Authors: Liu Jing , Xin Xiaoyan , Zhou Hong , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA novel graphene‐family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. The graphene‐based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene‐family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron‐transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. This finding constitutes a novel graphene‐family hybrid nanomaterials‐based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2O2.
Visible‐Light Photoresponse of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on TiO2: A Combined Photocatalytic, Photoelectrochemical, and Transient Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Baldovi Herme G. , Albarracin Ferran , Atienzar Pedro , Ferrer Belen , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the context of gaining understanding on the origin of the visible‐light photoresponse of TiO2 containing gold nanoparticles, the photocurrent spectra and photocatalytic H2 evolution of titania (P25) and Au–P25 were compared. Whereas no photocurrent was detected upon visible‐light irradiation for either of the two photocatalysts, Au–P25 exhibited photocatalytic H2 evolution for wavelengths between 400 and 575 nm. This contradictory behavior under visible‐light irradiation of Au–P25 was rationalized by transient absorption spectroscopy. It was suggested that photocatalytic H2 generation results from methanol quenching of the charge‐separation state in each semiconductor nanoparticle, but the lack of photocurrent is due to the short lifetime of the charge separation, which makes interparticle charge migration for micrometric distances unlikely.
Synthesis of Mono and Bis[60]fullerene‐Based Dicationic Peptoids
Authors: Jennepalli Sreenu , Hammer Katherine A. , Riley Thomas V. , Pyne Stephen G. , Keller Paul A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIncreasing numbers of biological applications of fullerenyl amino acids and their derivatives encouraged us to synthesise [60]fullerenyldihydropyrrole peptides, prepared from the coupling of mono‐ and bis[60]fullerenyldihydropyrrolecarboxylic acids 4, 5 and 41 with presynthesised peptides 13, 16, 24, 28, 29 and 46. The resulting hydrophobic scaffolded di‐ and tetra‐cationic derivatives were tested against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 and Escherichia coli NCTC 10418. The synthesis, characterisation and biological results are discussed in this paper.
Chiral Auxiliary Induced Diastereoselective Synthesis of (R,R)‐N,N′‐Di(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)cyclohex‐4‐ene‐1,2‐diamine
Authors: Balestri Davide , Grilli Stefano , Romano Ciro , Savoia Diego 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of optically pure N,N′‐di(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐trans‐cyclohex‐4‐ene‐1,2‐diamine was accomplished from the diimine, which was obtained by condensation of glyoxal and (R)‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethanamine. The synthetic sequence involved the highly diastereoselective addition of allylzinc bromide to the diimine to give the N,N′‐disubstituted octa‐1,7‐diene‐4,5‐diamine, followed by removal of the N‐substituents by using an excess amount of boron trichloride, routine conversion to the di(N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl) derivative, and final ring‐closing metathesis by using Grubbs Ru catalyst. The sequence of the two latter steps could be inverted. Removal of the chiral auxiliaries with trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid gave less satisfactory results. Moreover, N,N′‐dibenzoylocta‐1,7‐diene‐4,5‐diamine was similarly prepared.
High Performance Pd, PdNi, PdSn and PdSnNi Nanocatalysts Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Electrooxidation of C2C4 Alcohols
Authors: Yi Qingfeng , Chu Hao , Chen Qinghua , Yang Zheng , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNanocatalysts Pd, Pd8Ni2, Pd8Sn2 and Pd8Sn1Ni1 supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successively synthesized by the chemical reduction method in the glycol‐water mixture solvent. Transmission electron microscopy results show that the prepared Pd, Pd8Ni2, Pd8Sn2 and Pd8Sn1Ni1 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of MWCNTs. The average particle sizes of the nanocatalysts are 3.5–3.8 nm. Electroactivity of the prepared catalysts towards oxidation of ethanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐propanol, n‐butanol, iso‐butanol and sec‐butanol (C2C4 alcohols) in alkaline medium was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The current density obtained for the electrooxidation of C2C4 alcohols depends on the catalysts and the various structures of the alcohols. Addition of Sn or/and Ni to Pd nanoparticles enhances the electroactivity of the Pd/MWCNT catalyst. Furthermore, the ternary Pd8Sn1Ni1/MWCNT catalyst presents the highest electroactivity for the oxidation of C2C4 alcohols among the prepared catalysts. Electrocatalytic activity order among propanol isomers and butanol isomers is as follows respectively: 1‐propanol > 2‐propanol, and n‐butanol > iso‐butanol > sec‐butanol > tert‐butanol. This is consistent with the Mulliken charge value of the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group in the corresponding alcohol molecule.
Faces as Organ Donations: Who Has the Last Word?
Authors: Parent Brendan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent policy changes enacted by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network designate faces as organs for the purposes of donation and transplantation. The OPTN policy includes no requirement that donors be made aware that faces are among donatable parts, but it does require specific consent to face donation (not just organ donation in general) from either the donor or donor's family before a face can be transplanted. If you are a registered donor and you do not record your refusal, your family might be approached for your face. If your next of kin says yes, your face will be donated. On the other side, if you do want to donate your face and have recorded your specific consent, but your family says no, tough luck. Should families have greater control than donors over the disposition of the donors’ faces?
Can Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Escape Its Troubled History?
Authors: Ikemoto Lisa C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCombining human embryonic stem cells with SCNT has been a gold standard of stem cell research. Adding a particular individual's genes to pluripotent stem cells might lead to the development of personalized tissue repair or replacement. Enthusiasm for human embryonic stem cell research had flagged in recent years due to controversy over the moral status of in vitro embryos, scientific misconduct by researcher Woo Suk Hwang, and the discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be produced from somatic cells. Energy shifted to research on somatic cells, but three successes in the United States during 2013 and 2014 may reinvigorate embryonic stem cell research.
Duty, Distress, and Organ Donation
Authors: Milliken Aimee , Wall Anji 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA man of twenty‐two is admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU)after intentionally overdosing on Tylenol. The nurse asks the intensivist on call if someone from the local organ procurement organization should be called in to speak to the family, given a worsening clinical picture and the likelihood that the patient will progress to brain death. The patient's condition is such that multiple organs, including his heart and lungs, could be donated. The intensivist instructs the nurse not to call, as he wishes to have an end‐of‐life discussion with the parents. He believes that the parents should know that death is imminent and that further interventions will not save their son. He argues that introducing the OPO at this point will cause the family more distress. He wants the parents to be able to give their son a peaceful death without additional stressors. What are the broader implications of not calling the OPO at this juncture? Does the nurse involved have an ethical obligation to override the intensivist's instructions by calling the OPO? Should the fact that multiple healthy organs could be harvested from this patient's body have any bearing on the decision to call the OPO?
Laws that Conflict with the Ethics of Medicine: What Should Doctors Do?
Authors: Davis Dena S. , Kodish Eric 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis past July, five professional societies, whose members together provide the majority of clinical care in the United States, published a statement objecting to “inappropriate legislative interference” with the physician‐patient relationship and reiterated the importance of “putting patients’ best interests first.” Such a collective response is helpful, but given the apparently growing interest among legislators in legislating aspects of physician‐patient communications, individual physicians, too, may have to face this problem. What should a physician do when confronted with a law that attempts to intervene in the doctor‐patient relationship in a way that the physician believes undercuts good medical care?
Public Health Emergencies: What Counts?
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough Jonathan Herington, Angus Dawson, and Heather Draper offer valuable insights on how to conceptualize health hazards and understand their effects on populations, I resist the label “public health emergency” for obesity, and here is why. It is important—politically and pragmatically—to be judicious with words that have legal and real‐world consequences. Once a concept is stretched to encompass a broad swath of events, it loses its power. The broader the application of the term “public health emergency,” the more it loses the core idea of an emergent event. Thus, framing a long‐simmering health hazard such as obesity as an emergency would mute the voices of public health authorities seeking a surge response to a truly emergent event, such as a rapidly spreading novel disease or a natural or man‐made disaster.
Biological Engineering, Risk, and Uncertainty
Authors: Relman David A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMost discussions about the risks associated with synthetic biology tend to begin and end with the same message. That is, in these revolutionary times, when the capabilities for designing and reengineer­ing biological agents are advancing at previously unimag­inable rates but have still not realized their full potential, when risks therefore remain uncertain, and where the actors are generally well‐meaning people who seek im­portant benefits for society and environment, the most reasonable approach is to exercise “prudent vigilance,” to minimize proscriptive oversight, and to avoid judgments about and limitations on research until some elusive date when greater clarity might be achieved. This approach may be useful in allowing scientific research to move forward, but it strikes me as a politi­cal expedient that minimizes conflict between would‐be opposing factions with different values and backgrounds and as an excuse to avoid some difficult problems. Uncertainties about key features of the landscape seem to justify a reluctance to formulate judgments and promote action. I believe there are reasonable kinds of conclusions that can be made right now about when and how to con­duct and publish potentially dangerous research in the life sciences. These conclusions are enabled by a more rigorous examination of the nature of uncertainty in the conduct of experiments in synthetic biology and genetic engineering.
Impact of very early CD4+/CD8+ T cell counts on the occurrence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease and NK cell counts on outcome after pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Huttunen Pasi , Taskinen Mervi , Siitonen Sanna , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that early and rapid lymphocyte recovery following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with better survival.ProcedureWe retrospectively analyzed very early lymphocyte subset counts following transplantation from our 5‐year pediatric allogeneic HSCT material to find clinically relevant associations with post transplant outcome, and the major complication of HSCT, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD). We analyzed HSCTs performed due to acute leukemias and lymphomas from matched unrelated donors (MUD, n = 33), unrelated cord blood (UCB, n = 9) and matched sibling donors (MSD, n = 17).ResultsPatients with grafts from MUDs and grade II‐IV aGVHD) had higher (median 2.1 compared to 0.3, P<0.0001) and earlier (at day +18 post transplant vs. day +25, P = 0.004) first measurable CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, compared to patients with no or grade I aGVHD, respectively. At day +32 after HSCT patients with MUDs and significant aGVHD had higher levels of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Low (below median 120/µL) versus high natural killer (NK) cell counts at day +32 were associated with 3‐year event‐free survival of 27.4 +/− 9.0% versus 82.4 +/− 6.4% (P < 0.0001), cumulative transplant‐related mortality of 44.7 +/− 12.2% versus 3.0 +/− 3.0% (P < 0.001) and cumulative relapse incidence of 50.4 +/− 12.2% versus 15.0 +/− 6.2% (P = 0.019), respectively.ConclusionsWe conclude that early lymphocyte subset counts following allogeneic HSCT have an association with aGVHD and post transplant outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:522–528. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced spread spectrum aloha demodulator implementation, laboratory tests and satellite validation
Authors: Andrenacci Marco , Mendola Gaetano , Collard Florian , Finocchiaro Daniele , Recchia Annamaria 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYThis paper describes the implementation of the first enhanced spread spectrum aloha demodulator, based on an innovative architecture which combines software‐defined radio with processing via commercial graphics processing units. The validation tests performed both in laboratory conditions and directly on the satellite EUTELSAT 10A are presented. The performance assessment results obtained via satellite validate the theoretical results to a sufficient degree to make enhanced spread spectrum aloha technology a viable option for low‐power mobile and fixed terminals, thus encouraging the growth of satellite mass market applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Chemically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Narita Akimitsu , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this article, we describe our chemical approach, developed over the course of a decade, towards the bottom‐up synthesis of structurally well‐defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). GNR synthesis can be achieved through two different methods, one being a solution‐phase process based on conventional organic chemistry and the other invoking surface‐assisted fabrication, employing modern physics methodologies. In both methods, rationally designed monomers are polymerized to form non‐planar polyphenylene precursors, which are “graphitized” and “planarized” by solution‐mediated or surface‐assisted cyclodehydrogenation. Through these methods, a variety of GNRs have been synthesized with different widths, lengths, edge structures, and degrees of heteroatom doping, featuring varying (opto)electronic properties. The ability to chemically tailor GNRs with tuned properties in a well‐defined manner will contribute to the elucidation of the fundamental physics of GNRs, as well as pave the way for the development of GNR‐based nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
Modern perspectives on statistics for spatio‐temporal data
Authors: Wikle Christopher K. 
Published: November 2014

Spatio‐temporal statistical models are increasingly being used across a wide variety of scientific disciplines to describe and predict spatially explicit processes that evolve over time. Although descriptive models that approach this problem from the second‐order (covariance) perspective are important, many real‐world processes are dynamic, and it can be more efficient in such cases to characterize the associated spatio‐temporal dependence by the use of dynamical models. The challenge with the specification of such dynamical models has been related to the curse of dimensionality and the specification of realistic dependence structures. Even in fairly simple linear/Gaussian settings, spatio‐temporal statistical models are often over parameterized. This problem is compounded when the spatio‐temporal dynamical processes are nonlinear or multivariate. Hierarchical models have proven invaluable in their ability to deal to some extent with this issue by allowing dependency among groups of parameters and science‐based parameterizations. Such models are best considered from a Bayesian perspective, with associated computational challenges. Spatio‐temporal statistics remains an active and vibrant area of research. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:86–98. doi: 10.1002/wics.1341This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data
Racial Disparities in Operative Outcomes After Major Cancer Surgery in the United States
Authors: Sukumar Shyam , Ravi Praful , Sood Akshay , Gervais Mai‐Kim , Hu Jim C. , Kim Simon P. , Menon Mani , Roghmann Florian , Sammon Jesse D. , Sun Maxine , Trinh Vincent Q. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have recorded racial disparities in access to care for major cancers. We investigate contemporary national disparities in the quality of perioperative surgical oncological care using a nationally representative sample of American patients and hypothesize that disparities in the quality of surgical oncological care also exists.MethodsA retrospective, serial, and cross‐sectional analysis of a nationally representative cohort of 3,024,927 patients, undergoing major surgical oncological procedures (colectomy, cystectomy, esophagectomy, gastrectomy, hysterectomy, pneumonectomy, pancreatectomy, and prostatectomy), between 1999 and 2009.ResultsAfter controlling for multiple factors (including socioeconomic status), Black patients undergoing major surgical oncological procedures were more likely to experience postoperative complications (OR: 1.24; p < 0.001), in‐hospital mortality (OR: 1.24; p < 0.001), homologous blood transfusions (OR: 1.52; p < 0.001), and prolonged hospital stay (OR: 1.53; p < 0.001). Specifically, Black patients have higher rates of vascular (OR: 1.24; p < 0.001), wound (OR: 1.10; p = 0.004), gastrointestinal (OR: 1.38; p < 0.001), and infectious complications (OR: 1.29; p < 0.001). Disparities in operative outcomes were particularly remarkable for Black patients undergoing colectomy, prostatectomy, and hysterectomy. Importantly, substantial attenuation of racial disparities was noted for radical cystectomy, lung resection, and pancreatectomy relative to earlier reports. Finally, Hispanic patients experienced no disparities relative to White patients in terms of in‐hospital mortality or overall postoperative complications for any of the eight procedures studied.ConclusionsConsiderable racial disparities in operative outcomes exist in the United States for Black patients undergoing major surgical oncological procedures. These findings should direct future health policy efforts in the allocation of resources for the amelioration of persistent disparities in specific procedures.