bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Fluidic Response of Structures in Hypervelocity
Impacts
Authors: Thurber Andrew , Bayandor Javid 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In a hypervelocity impact (HVI) event, the shock pressures exceed the strength of common aerospace materials, and brief shock-induced temperature rises cause melting and vaporization of most structural bodies. Under these extreme conditions, the failure and deformation of solids can resemble fluid flow. By using meshless Lagrangian models in an explicit computational framework, this work identifies analogous fluidic interactions and further quantifies the role of shear and inertial forces in HVIs.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant New Zealand Isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 3
Authors: Mac Aogáin Micheál , Johari Bushra M. , Bower James E. , O'Toole Ronan F. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Multidrug resistance constitutes a threat worldwide to the management of tuberculosis (TB). We report the draft whole-genome sequence of a lineage 3 (East-African Indian) isolate of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
which presented as multidrug resistant in New Zealand, and describe a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes relating to drug resistance.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli BW25113
Authors: Grenier Frédéric , Matteau Dominick , Baby Vincent , Rodrigue Sébastien 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
BW25113 is the parent strain of the Keio collection comprising nearly 4,000 single-gene deletion mutants. We report the complete 4,631,469-bp genome sequence of this strain and the key variations from the type strain
E. coli
MG1655.
Complete Genome Sequences of Virulent Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.
capripneumoniae
Strains F38 and ILRI181
Authors: Falquet Laurent , Liljander Anne , Schieck Elise , Gluecks Ilona , Frey Joachim , Jores Joerg 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by
Mycoplasma capricolum
subsp.
capripneumoniae
is a severe epidemic affecting mainly domestic
Caprinae
species but also affects wild
Caprinae
species.
M. capricolum
subsp.
capripneumoniae
belongs to the “
Mycoplasma mycoides
cluster.” The disease features prominently in East Africa, in particular Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. CCPP also endangers wildlife and thus affects not only basic nutritional resources of large populations but also expensively built-up game resorts in affected countries. Here, we report the complete sequences of two
M. capricolum
subsp.
capripneumoniae
strains: the type strain F38 and strain ILRI181 isolated druing a recent outbreak in Kenya. Both genomes have a G+C content of 24% with sizes of 1,016,760 bp and 1,017,183 bp for strains F38 and ILRI181, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of Halotolerant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Pseudomonas bauzanensis Strain W13Z2
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Jin Decai , Zhou Lisha , Wu Liang , Qi Lin , Li Chen , An Wei , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas bauzanensis
W13Z2 is a halotolerant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterium isolated from petroleum-contaminated drill cuttings in the Bohai Sea. Here, we report the 8.6-Mb draft genome sequence of this strain, which will provide insights into the diversity of
Pseudomonas
and the mechanism of PAHs degradation in drill cuttings.
Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Strains of the Genus
Exiguobacterium
Authors: Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A. , Chauhan Archana , Layton Alice C. , Pfiffner Susan M. , Huntemann Marcel , Copeland Alex , Chen Amy , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Markowitz Victor M. , Palaniappan Krishna , Ivanova Natalia , Mikhailova Natalia , Ovchinnikova Galina , Andersen Evan W. , Pati Amrita , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Shapiro Nicole , Nordberg Henrik P. , Cantor Michael N. , Hua X. Susan , Woyke Tanja 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

High-quality draft genome sequences were determined for 10
Exiguobacterium
strains in order to provide insight into their evolutionary strategies for speciation and environmental adaptation. The selected genomes include psychrotrophic and thermophilic species from a range of habitats, which will allow for a comparison of metabolic pathways and stress response genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Buttiauxella agrestis, Isolated from Surface Water
Authors: Jothikumar Narayanan , Kahler Amy , Strockbine Nancy , Gladney Lori , Hill Vincent R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

MI agar is routinely used for quantifying
Escherichia coli
in drinking water. A suspect
E. coli
colony isolated from a water sample was identified as
Buttiauxella agrestis
. The whole genome sequence of
B. agrestis
was determined to understand the genetic basis for its phenotypic resemblance to
E. coli
on MI agar.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium kyorinense
Authors: Ohtsuka Kouki , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Nozaki Eriko , Pais Ramos Jesus , Tortoli Enrico , Yonetani Shota , Matsushima Satsuki , Tateishi Yoshitaka , Matsumoto Sohkichi , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the first draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium kyorinense
, which was described in 2009 and exhibits significant pathogenicity to humans.
Investigation into the Effects of Using Two Or Four Acupuncture Needles with Bidirectional Rotation on Experimentally-Induced Contact Heat Pain in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Paley Carole A , Johnson Mark I 
Published: October 2014

Objectives There is growing evidence from experimental studies that the acupuncture dose or technique influences the speed of onset of hypoalgesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture using two or four needles on experimental contact thermal pain in healthy volunteers. Methods Forty two participants were randomised into three groups: four-needle group (LI4, LI11, LI10, TE5), two-needle group (verum at LI4, LI11 and mock at LI10, TE5) and mock acupuncture group (LI4, LI11, LI10, TE5). Each participant rated pain intensity (visual analogue scale, VAS) to a series of noxious stimuli administered to the forearm 2°C above the heat pain threshold during needling and immediately after removal of the needles. Results Experimentally-induced heat pain intensity (VAS) during and after the intervention was lower than pre-intervention but there were no statistically significant differences in this change between groups. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the time taken for pain intensity to decrease by 33% from pre-intervention. However, a 33% decrease in pain intensity within 3 min of needle insertion was observed for 13 participants (92.9%) in the four-needle group compared with 66.7% of participants in the two-needle group and 57.1% in the mock acupuncture group. There was less variance in VAS in the four-needle group, suggesting more consistency in hypoalgesic response when using more needles. Conclusions There is tentative evidence that four needles may be superior to two needles in generating rapid onset hypoalgesia. The findings suggest that further investigation is warranted.
Quantifying care coordination using natural language processing and domain-specific ontology
Authors: Popejoy Lori L , Khalilia Mohammed A , Popescu Mihail , Galambos Colleen , Lyons Vanessa , Rantz Marilyn , Hicks Lanis , Stetzer Frank 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective This research identifies specific care coordination activities used by Aging in Place (AIP) nurse care coordinators and home healthcare (HHC) nurses when coordinating care for older community-dwelling adults and suggests a method to quantify care coordination.
Methods A care coordination ontology was built based on activities extracted from 11 038 notes labeled with the Omaha Case management category. From the parsed narrative notes of every patient, we mapped the extracted activities to the ontology, from which we computed problem profiles and quantified care coordination for all patients.
Results We compared two groups of patients: AIP who received enhanced care coordination (n=217) and HHC who received traditional care (n=691) using 128 135 narratives notes. Patients were tracked from the time they were admitted to AIP or HHC until they were discharged. We found that patients in AIP received a higher dose of care coordination than HHC in most Omaha problems, with larger doses being given in AIP than in HHC in all four Omaha categories.
Conclusions ‘Communicate’ and ‘manage’ activities are widely used in care coordination. This confirmed the expert hypothesis that nurse care coordinators spent most of their time communicating about their patients and managing problems. Overall, nurses performed care coordination in both AIP and HHC, but the aggregated dose across Omaha problems and categories is larger in AIP.
Listening to patients with cancer: using a literary-based research method to understand patient-focused care
Authors: Begley Amanda , Pritchard-Jones Kathy , Biriotti Maurice , Kydd Anna , Burdsey Tim , Townsley Emma 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveIn spite of considerable attention, patients diagnosed with cancer continue to report poor experiences of care. The root causes of this remain unclear. This exploratory study aimed to investigate new ways of understanding the experience of patients with cancer, using a literary-based research approach.DesignInterviews were undertaken with four patients diagnosed with high-grade brain cancers at least 6 months from diagnosis and with people (n=5) identified by the patients as important in their care pathway. Interview transcripts were analysed by humanities academics as pieces of literature, where each patient's story was told from more than one person's perspective. The academics then came together in a facilitated workshop to agree major themes within the patient experiences. The themes were presented at a patient and carer event involving 70 participants to test the validity of the insights.ResultsInsights into the key issues for patients with cancer could be grouped into six themes: accountability; identity; life context; time; language; rigour and emotion. Patients often held a different perspective to the traditionally held medical views of what constitutes good care. For example, patients did not see any conflict between a doctor having scientific rigour and portraying emotion.ConclusionsOne key feature of the approach was its comparative nature: patients often held different views from those traditionally held by physicians of what constitutes health and good outcomes. This revealed aspects that may be considered by healthcare professionals when designing improvements. Proposals for further testing are discussed, with a particular emphasis on the need for sensitivity to individual differences in experiences.
Supervised learning events in the Foundation Programme: a UK-wide narrative interview study
Authors: Rees Charlotte E , Cleland Jennifer A , Dennis Ashley , Kelly Narcie , Mattick Karen , Monrouxe Lynn V 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo explore Foundation trainees’ and trainers’ understandings and experiences of supervised learning events (SLEs), compared with workplace-based assessments (WPBAs), and their suggestions for developing SLEs.DesignA narrative interview study based on 55 individual and 19 group interviews.SettingUK-wide study across three sites in England, Scotland and Wales.ParticipantsUsing maximum-variation sampling, 70 Foundation trainees and 40 trainers were recruited, shared their understandings and experiences of SLEs/WPBAs and made recommendations for future practice.MethodsData were analysed using thematic and discourse analysis and narrative analysis of one exemplar personal incident narrative.ResultsWhile participants volunteered understandings of SLEs as learning and assessment, they typically volunteered understandings of WPBAs as assessment. Trainers seemed more likely to describe SLEs as assessment and a ‘safety net’ to protect patients than trainees. We identified 333 personal incident narratives in our data (221 SLEs; 72 WPBAs). There was perceived variability in the conduct of SLEs/WPBAs in terms of their initiation, tools used, feedback and finalisation. Numerous factors at individual, interpersonal, cultural and technological levels were thought to facilitate/hinder learning. SLE narratives were more likely to be evaluated positively than WPBA narratives overall and by trainees specifically. Participants made sense of their experiences, emotions, identities and relationships through their narratives. They provided numerous suggestions for improving SLEs at individual, interpersonal, cultural and technological levels.ConclusionsOur findings provide tentative support for the shift to formative learning with the introduction of SLEs, albeit raising concerns around trainees’ and trainers’ understandings about SLEs. We identify five key educational recommendations from our study. Additional research is now needed to explore further the complexities around SLEs within workplace learning.
Task shifting interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ogedegbe Gbenga , Gyamfi Joyce , Plange-Rhule Jacob , Surkis Alisa , Rosenthal Diana Margot , Airhihenbuwa Collins , Iwelunmor Juliet , Cooper Richard 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate evidence from published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for the use of task-shifting strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignSystematic review of RCTs that utilised a task-shifting strategy in the management of CVD in LMICs.Data SourcesWe searched the following databases for relevant RCTs: PubMed from the 1940s, EMBASE from 1974, Global Health from 1910, Ovid Health Star from 1966, Web of Knowledge from 1900, Scopus from 1823, CINAHL from 1937 and RCTs from ClinicalTrials.gov.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe focused on RCTs published in English, but without publication year. We included RCTs in which the intervention used task shifting (non-physician healthcare workers involved in prescribing of medications, treatment and/or medical testing) and non-physician healthcare providers in the management of CV risk factors and diseases (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, stroke, coronary artery disease or heart failure), as well as RCTs that were conducted in LMICs. We excluded studies that are not RCTs.ResultsOf the 2771 articles identified, only three met the predefined criteria. All three trials were conducted in practice-based settings among patients with hypertension (2 studies) and diabetes (1 study), with one study also incorporating home visits. The duration of the studies ranged from 3 to 12 months, and the task-shifting strategies included provision of medication prescriptions by nurses, community health workers and pharmacists and telephone follow-up posthospital discharge. Both hypertension studies reported a significant mean blood pressure reduction (2/1 mm Hg and 30/15 mm Hg), and the diabetes trial reported a reduction in the glycated haemoglobin levels of 1.87%.ConclusionsThere is a dearth of evidence on the implementation of task-shifting strategies to reduce the burden of CVD in LMICs. Effective task-shifting interventions targeted at reducing the global CVD epidemic in LMICs are urgently needed.
Evaluation of Health in Pregnancy grants in Scotland: a protocol for a natural experiment
Authors: Dundas Ruth , Ouédraogo Samiratou , Bond Lyndal , Briggs Andrew H , Chalmers James , Gray Ron , Wood Rachael , Leyland Alastair H 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionA substantial proportion of low birth weight is attributable to the mother's cultural and socioeconomic circumstances. Early childhood programmes have been widely developed to improve child outcomes. In the UK, the Health in Pregnancy (HiP) grant, a universal conditional cash transfer of £190, was introduced for women reaching the 25th week of pregnancy with a due date on/or after 6 April 2009 and subsequently withdrawn for women reaching the 25th week of pregnancy on/or after 1 January 2011. The current study focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HiP grant.Methods and analysisThe population under study will be all singleton births in Scotland over the periods of January 2004 to March 2009 (preintervention), April 2009 to April 2011 (intervention) and May 2011 to December 2013 (postintervention). Data will be extracted from the Scottish maternity and neonatal database. The analysis period 2004–2013 should yield over 585 000 births. The primary outcome will be birth weight among singleton births. Other secondary outcomes will include gestation at booking, booking before 25 weeks; measures of size and stage; gestational age at delivery; weight-for-dates, term at birth; birth outcomes and maternal smoking. The main statistical method we will use is interrupted time series. Outcomes will be measured on individual births nested within mothers, with mothers themselves clustered within data zones. Multilevel regression models will be used to determine whether the outcomes changed during the period in which the HiP grants was in effect. Subgroup analyses will be conducted for those groups most likely to benefit from the payments.Ethics and disseminationApproval for data collection, storage and release for research purpose has been given (6 May 2014, PAC38A/13) by the Privacy Advisory Committee. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications in journals, national and international conferences.
MediDial cards: a quick win for service improvement
Authors: Davies Mike , Panchal Sonia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOne of the key roles of a junior doctor is co-ordinating the care of their patients and communicating with different departments or specialties within the hospital. To do this, junior doctors often spend a lot of time on a daily basis contacting the hospital switchboard in order to locate a required bleep/extension/fax number, or trying to navigate an intranet based directory which can be difficult to use. We aimed to improve this task for junior doctors as a pilot project for engaging junior doctors in service improvement.Our multi-disciplinary team, led by junior doctors and with the support of the Trust, produced and implemented lanyard (MediDial) cards containing common and relevant (fax, bleep, and extension) numbers for use by junior doctors. Through the introduction of our MediDial cards we not only reduced the frequency junior doctors needed to contact the switchboard on a daily basis, but also the length of time spent waiting to speak to an operator. The MediDial cards were also found to be time saving and more useful than the previous intranet based database. Since the introduction of the MediDial cards, the project has been rolled out across the Trust and presented at Grand Rounds as an example of junior doctor led service improvement, aiming to encourage trainees to engage with quality improvement projects.
Pharmacovigilance in hospice/palliative care: net effect of gabapentin for neuropathic pain
Authors: Sanderson Christine , Quinn Stephen J , Agar Meera , Chye Richard , Clark Katherine , Doogue Matthew , Fazekas Belinda , Lee Jessica , Lovell Melanie R , Rowett Debra , Spruyt Odette , Currow David C 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveHospice/palliative care patients may differ from better studied populations, and data from other populations cannot necessarily be extrapolated into hospice/palliative care clinical practice. Pharmacovigilance studies provide opportunities to understand the harms and benefits of medications in routine practice. Gabapentin, a γ-amino butyric acid analogue antiepileptic drug, is commonly prescribed for neuropathic pain in hospice/palliative care. Most of the evidence however relates to non-malignant, chronic pain syndromes (diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, central pain syndromes, fibromyalgia). The aim of this study was to quantify the immediate and short-term clinical benefits and harms of gabapentin in routine hospice/palliative care practice.DesignMultisite, prospective, consecutive cohort.Population127 patients, 114 of whom had cancer, who started gabapentin for neuropathic pain as part of routine clinical care.Settings42 centres from seven countries. Data were collected at three time points—at baseline, at day 7 (and at any time; immediate and short-term harms) and at day 21 (clinical benefits).ResultsAt day 21, the average dose of gabapentin for those still using it (n=68) was 653 mg/24 h (range 0–1800 mg) and 54 (42%) reported benefits, of whom 7 (6%) experienced complete pain resolution. Harms were reported in 39/127 (30%) patients at day 7, the most frequent of which were cognitive disturbance, somnolence, nausea and dizziness. Ten patients had their medication ceased due to harms. The presence of significant comorbidities, higher dose and increasing age increased the likelihood of harm.ConclusionsOverall, 42% of people experienced benefit at a level that resulted in continued use at 21 days.
New Strategies in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Leukemogenesis and Personalized Medicine
Authors: Gojo Ivana , Karp Judith E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Recent advances in molecular technology have unraveled the complexity of leukemogenesis and provided the opportunity to design more personalized and pathophysiology-targeted therapeutic strategies. Despite the use of intensive chemotherapy, relapse remains the most common cause for therapeutic failure in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The interactions between leukemia stem cells (LSC) and marrow microenvironment appear to be critical in promoting therapeutic resistance through progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes within leukemia cells and immune evasion, resulting in leukemia cell survival. With advances in genomic-sequencing efforts, epigenetic and phenotypic characterization, personalized therapeutic strategies aimed at critical leukemia survival mechanisms may be feasible in the near future. Here, we review select novel approaches to therapy of AML such as targeting LSC, altering leukemia/marrow microenvironment interactions, inhibiting DNA repair or cell-cycle checkpoints, and augmenting immune-based antileukemia activity. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6233–41. ©2014 AACR.