bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-scale dynamic recycling and cortical flow of the actin–myosin cytoskeleton for rapid cell migration
Authors: Yumura Shigehiko , Itoh Go , Kikuta Yumi , Kikuchi Takeomi , Kitanishi-Yumura Toshiko , Tsujioka Masatsune 
Published: December 2012

Summary
Actin and myosin II play major roles in cell migration. Whereas pseudopod extension by actin polymerization has been intensively researched, less attention has been paid to how the rest of the actin cytoskeleton such as the actin cortex contributes to cell migration. In this study, cortical actin and myosin II filaments were simultaneously observed in migrating Dictyostelium cells under total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The cortical actin and myosin II filaments remained stationary with respect to the substratum as the cells advanced. However, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments and direct observation of filaments showed that they rapidly turned over. When the cells were detached from the substratum, the actin and myosin filaments displayed a vigorous retrograde flow. Thus, when the cells migrate on the substratum, the cortical cytoskeleton firmly holds the substratum to generate the motive force instead. The present studies also demonstrate how myosin II localizes to the rear region of the migrating cells. The observed dynamic turnover of actin and myosin II filaments contributes to the recycling of their subunits across the whole cell and enables rapid reorganization of the cytoskeleton.
Simple Method to Fabricate an Biocompatible Antibacterial Surface on a Versatile Substrate through an Antiadhesion Approach
Authors: Zhang Feng , Liu Siwei , Zhang Yi , Xu Jiarui , Wei Yen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The synthesized polymer, poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether-co-allyl glycidyl ether)-g-catechol (PEAC), has both vinyl and catechol functional side groups. Due to the pendant catechol groups, PEAC could be immobilized on various substrates tightly. Furthermore, the backbone of PEAC, poly(ethylene glycol), gives the PEAC-modified substrates good antiadhesion performance to bacteria. The antibacterial surface fabricated by this way is very different from the conventional method to empower material to have antibacterial properties directly or indirectly by killing bacteria absorbed.
SPR Signals of Three-dimensional Antibody-immobilized Gel Layers Formed on Sensor Chips by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Kuriu Yoshiaki , Ishikawa Michiko , Kawamura Akifumi , Uragami Tadashi , Miyata Takashi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We prepared antibody-immobilized gel layers on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chips by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In a buffer solution with a target antigen, the SPR signal of the antibody-immobilized gel layer chip with an optimal thickness was much larger than that of a directly antibody-immobilized chip prepared by the standard amine coupling method. The antibody-immobilized gel layer chips are candidates as highly sensitive bioconjugated devices for SPR sensing systems. This paper focuses on the relationship between the thickness of the gel layer and the SPR signal in the detection of a target antigen.
Selective Uptake by Akaganeite (β-FeOOH) and Ferrihydrite of Phosphite Ions from Real Spent Electroless Nickel Plating Baths
Authors: Chitrakar Ramesh , Makita Yoji , Sonoda Akinari 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Phosphite uptake from real spent electroless nickel (EN) plating baths of 3 and 5 turnovers by akaganeite, ferrihydrite, and AMF adsorbent was studied batch-wise. The akaganeite exhibited high affinity toward phosphite ions with uptake of 1.0–1.2 mmol g−1 depending on the turnovers, whereas the hypophosphite and sulfate uptakes were very low (&lt;0.1 mmol g−1).
Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Suzuki–Miyaura Couplings by Shell Crosslinked Pd Nanoparticles from Alkene-terminated Phosphine Dendron-stabilized Pd Nanoparticles
Authors: Shiomi Toshiaki , Nakahodo Tsukasa , Fujihara Hisashi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
New alkene-terminated phosphine dendron-protected palladium nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized, and the olefin metathesis polymerization of their Pd NPs led to shell crosslinked Pd NPs without aggregation of the Pd NPs. The introduction of crosslinking at the surface of the protective ligand enhanced the catalytic activity of the Pd NPs for Suzuki–Miyaura couplings.
Practical Synthesis of Ethyl 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-piperidineacetate, an Intermediate of a Novel Antiarteriosclerotic, Utilizing Aza-Michael Addition Promoted by LiBr
Authors: Iida Akira , Onodera Naohiro , Yasukata Tatsuro 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The aza-Michael addition of pyrrolidine to β,β-dialkylated unsaturated ester 6 utilizing LiBr proceeded smoothly to give the inaccessible ethyl 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-piperidineacetate (7), which is an intermediate of novel antiarteriosclerotic 1.
Fabrication of Graphene-based Electrodes for Supercapacitors in Magnetic Fields
Authors: Ren Xiao-meng , Wang Yuan-sheng , He Te 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Graphene-based electrodes have been fabricated in 1 and 2 T perpendicular and parallel magnetic fields, respectively. By out-of-plane and in-plane XRD analyses, it could be found that in perpendicular magnetic fields, graphene sheets are induced to align perpendicular to the mesh and that the arrangement makes more edge planes exposed to the surface. N2 adsorption–desorption measurements show that the perpendicular arrangement brings about an increase in surface area and pore size. More important is that the electrochemical performance, such as specific capacitance, cycle stability, and impedance of electrodes, improves as a result of the perpendicular arrangement. However, parallel magnetic fields lead to a decrease in the electrochemical performance and surface properties because of the parallel arrangement of graphene sheets.
Novel Synthesis of Submicrometric LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 by Electrospinning Method
Authors: Li Mingjuan , Sun Liqun , Sun Kai , Yu Shihua , Wang Rongshun , Xie Haiming 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Submicrometric LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material is prepared using a combination of electrospinning and annealing. Well-separated nanofiber precursors impede the growth and agglomeration of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particles. It is proved that submicrometric LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (ca. 150–200 nm) with Fd3m space group exhibits favorable electrochemical performance. At 0.1 C rate, it shows an initial discharge capacity of 132.7 mA h g−1 with capacity retention over 96% after 100 cycles. Under the rate of 5 C, it can still deliver a discharge capacity of 116.7 mA h g−1.
A Novel Double-shelled LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode Material for Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Peiyu , Guo Jian , Song Dawei , Zhang Jun , Zhou Enlou , Zhang Lianqi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 can be redesigned to double-shelled structure, which does not change total composition compared with some reported core–shell materials. In this paper, the spherical double-shelled Li[(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)2/7(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)3/14(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)1/2]O2 with total composition of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 was synthesized via a coprecipitation route for the first time. The double-shelled material displayed higher capacity, superior cycling performance, and thermal stability than the non-core–shell LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 material.
Soluble ST2 Is Associated with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort: The Dallas Heart Study
Authors: Chen Lu Q , de Lemos James A , Das Sandeep R , Ayers Colby R , Rohatgi Anand 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND
ST2, part of the interleukin-1 receptor family, is released from cardiac myocytes under mechanical strain. Soluble ST2 (sST2) concentrations are associated with adverse cardiac events in high-risk cohorts. We evaluated the association of sST2 with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large, low-risk population–based cohort.

METHODS
Plasma sST2 was measured in 3294 subjects from the Dallas Heart Study, a probability-based population cohort. We categorized participants into undetectable (reference group) or quartiles of detectable sST2 concentrations. Associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were assessed over a median 8.3 years of follow-up.

RESULTS
sST2 concentrations were not significantly associated with most traditional risk factors, prevalent subclinical cardiovascular disease, or nonfatal cardiac events. However, a higher proportion of African Americans had detectable concentrations of sST2 than non–African Americans (44% vs 21%, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, sST2 concentrations were significantly associated with markers of inflammation. Increased sST2 was associated with increased all-cause mortality (Ptrend ≤ 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (Ptrend = 0.0004). In fully adjusted models, those in the highest quartile of detectable sST2 were at increased risk for all-cause death compared to those with undetectable sST2 concentrations (adjusted hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.2, P = 0.0009).

CONCLUSIONS
In a low-risk population, sST2 does not associate with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or nonfatal cardiovascular events but is higher in African Americans and is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Further investigation is needed regarding the role of sST2 in risk prediction, particularly among African Americans.
Cannabis Effects on Driving Skills
Authors: Hartman Rebecca L , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND
Cannabis is the most prevalent illicit drug identified in impaired drivers. The effects of cannabis on driving continue to be debated, making prosecution and legislation difficult. Historically, delays in sample collection, evaluating the inactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC, and polydrug use have complicated epidemiologic evaluations of driver impairment after cannabis use.

CONTENT
We review and evaluate the current literature on cannabis' effects on driving, highlighting the epidemiologic and experimental data. Epidemiologic data show that the risk of involvement in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) increases approximately 2-fold after cannabis smoking. The adjusted risk of driver culpability also increases substantially, particularly with increased blood THC concentrations. Studies that have used urine as the biological matrix have not shown an association between cannabis and crash risk. Experimental data show that drivers attempt to compensate by driving more slowly after smoking cannabis, but control deteriorates with increasing task complexity. Cannabis smoking increases lane weaving and impaired cognitive function. Critical-tracking tests, reaction times, divided-attention tasks, and lane-position variability all show cannabis-induced impairment. Despite purported tolerance in frequent smokers, complex tasks still show impairment. Combining cannabis with alcohol enhances impairment, especially lane weaving.

SUMMARY
Differences in study designs frequently account for inconsistencies in results between studies. Participant-selection bias and confounding factors attenuate ostensible cannabis effects, but the association with MVA often retains significance. Evidence suggests recent smoking and/or blood THC concentrations 2–5 ng/mL are associated with substantial driving impairment, particularly in occasional smokers. Future cannabis-and-driving research should emphasize challenging tasks, such as divided attention, and include occasional and chronic daily cannabis smokers.