bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On comparing heterogeneity across biomarkers
Authors: Steininger Robert J. , Rajaram Satwik , Girard Luc , Minna John D. , Wu Lani F. , Altschuler Steven J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMicroscopy reveals complex patterns of cellular heterogeneity that can be biologically informative. However, a limitation of microscopy is that only a small number of biomarkers can typically be monitored simultaneously. Thus, a natural question is whether additional biomarkers provide a deeper characterization of the distribution of cellular states in a population. How much information about a cell's phenotypic state in one biomarker is gained by knowing its state in another biomarker? Here, we describe a framework for comparing phenotypic states across biomarkers. Our approach overcomes the current limitation of microscopy by not requiring costaining biomarkers on the same cells; instead, we require staining of biomarkers (possibly separately) on a common collection of phenotypically diverse cell lines. We evaluate our approach on two image datasets: 33 oncogenically diverse lung cancer cell lines stained with 7 biomarkers, and 49 less diverse subclones of one lung cancer cell line stained with 12 biomarkers. We first validate our method by comparing it to the “gold standard” of costaining. We then apply our approach to all pairs of biomarkers and use it to identify biomarkers that yield similar patterns of heterogeneity. The results presented in this work suggest that many biomarkers provide redundant information about heterogeneity. Thus, our approach provides a practical guide for selecting independently informative biomarkers and, more generally, will yield insights into both the connectivity of biological networks and the complexity of the state space of biological systems. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Liquid‐based cytology and HPV DNA testing using intra‐anal specimens from HIV‐negative women with and without genital HPV‐induced lesions
Authors: Eleutério José , Benício Givanildo Carneiro , Giraldo Paulo César , Gonçalves Ana Katherine Silveira , Eleutério Renata Mírian Nunes , Oliveira Denise Nunes , Jacyntho Cláudia 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundScreening for anal cancer using cytology has not been considered in immunocompetent women. The aim of this study was to identify cytological atypia and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in intra‐anal specimens from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative women with and without genital HPV lesions.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional analysis of 142 women who were negative for the HIV: 80 with genital lesions that were associated with HPV and 62 without HPV‐induced lesions. The women were evaluated at the Federal University of Ceará from October 2011 to June 2012. The statistical analysis included the Fisher exact test and the odds ratio (CI 95%).ResultsAtypical anal cytology was observed in 24 (29.3%) patients in the study group and in 11 (17.8%) patients in the control group. In cases with at least two sites of HPV‐associated lesions, 12 (41.4%) presented atypical cytology (P = 0.0220; OR = 2.7621, 1.1579–6.5889). When the practice of anal sex was evaluated, atypical cytology was observed in 22/43 (34%) [P = 0.0214; OR = 2.519, 1.146–5.534]. HPV DNA was detected in 17/27 (63%) cases with at least two sites of lesions (P = 0.0293, OR = 2.4855, 1.0960–5.6367). In the 33 cases who presented positive HPV DNA test results, the liquid‐based cytology results were atypical (P = 0.0212, OR = 2.8, 1.1665–6.7208).ConclusionBased on the results, liquid‐based cytology may be used to detect intra‐anal lesions, especially among women who have a history of anal intercourse or who have genital HPV‐associated lesions at multiple sites. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:360–365. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four Cobalt(II)‐Containing Coordination Polymers: Effects of pH Value and Temperature on Synthesis, Gas‐Sorption, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: He Yuan‐Chun , Zhang Xiaoying , Liu Ying‐Ying , Liu Hai‐Yan , Ma Jian‐Fang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFour 3D CoII‐containing coordination polymers – namely, [Co2(L)(OH)(H2O)]·1.5H2O (1), [Co(HL)(H2O)] (2), [Co4(HL)(L)(trz)3(H2O)]·6H2O (3), and [Co3(HL)2(trz)2(H2O)2] (4) {H3L = 5‐(benzonic‐4‐ylmethoxy)isophthalic acid; Htrz = 1,2,4‐triazole} – based on a semirigid carboxylate ligand have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compounds 1/2 and 3/4 were obtained by using the pH value and temperature as the only independent variable, respectively. Compound 1 possesses a (4,8)‐connected net based upon tetranuclear CoII clusters, whereas 2 shows a (3,6)‐connected net based on binuclear CoII units. Compound 3 displays a 4‐nodal (3,4,7)‐connected framework with 1D channels, whereas 4 reveals a (3,10)‐connected net based upon trinuclear CoII clusters. The CO2‐selective adsorption property of compound 3 was studied. In addition, the variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibilities of compounds 1–4 were also investigated.
C–O Bond Activation by a Tantalum‐Bonded Pincer Ligand – Ligand Modification Effects on the Selectivity of C–H Bond Cleavage Processes
Authors: Fandos Rosa , Hernández Carolina , Otero Antonio , Rodríguez Ana , Ruiz María José 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe tantalum complexes [TaCp*Me{(OCH2)(OCHCO2)py‐κ4‐N,O,O,O}]2 (2, Cp* = η5‐C5Me5, py = pyridyl) and [TaCp*Me{(OCH2)(OCHCONAr)py‐κ4‐N,O,O,O}]2 (3, Ar = p‐tolyl) have been synthesized by the reactions of [TaCp*Me{(OCH2)(OCH)py‐κ3‐N,O,O}] (1) with CO2 and p‐tolyl isocyanate, respectively. The reaction of 3 with an excess of water renders the corresponding tantalum hydroxide [TaCp*Me(OH){(OCH2)(OCHCONHAr)py‐κ3‐N,O,O}] (4). Compound 1 reacts with pyridyl triflate (pyOTf) to afford the new pyridyl‐functionalized pincer derivative [TaCp*Me{(OCH2)(OCHpy)py‐κ3‐N,O,O}(OTf)] (5). Compound 5 reacts with water to yield the aqua adduct [TaCp*Me(OH2){(OCH2)(OCHpy)py‐κ3‐N,O,O}]OTf (6). The reaction of 5 with LiN(SiMe3)2 gives rise to the new tantalum compound [TaCp*Me{(OCH2)(OCpy)py‐κ3‐N,O,O}] (7). Complex 7 reacts with pyOTf to give the dipyridyl‐functionalized pincer derivative [TaCp*Me{(OCH2)(OCpy2)py‐κ3‐N,O,O}(OTf)] (8). The molecular structures of complexes 2, 4 and 6 have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Dibenzoporphycene – Platform for the Generation of Fused Porphycenes
Authors: Brenner Wolfgang , Jux Norbert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFused porphycenes have attracted growing interest in recent years. However, the molecules generated to date suffer from different drawbacks such as multistep syntheses, low yields, and the lack of a convenient synthetic strategy. Here, we present our latest results concerning the synthesis of a suitable platform for the generation of large fused porphycenes.
Ligand‐ and Base‐Free CuII‐Mediated Selective S‐Arylation of α‐Enolic Dithioesters by Chan–Lam Coupling at Room Temperature
Authors: Koley Suvajit , Chowdhury Sushobhan , Chanda Tanmoy , Ramulu B. Janaki , Anand Namrata , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ligand‐ and base‐free copper(II)‐mediated Chan–Lam cross‐coupling of arylboronic acids with α‐enolic dithioesters has been achieved at room temperature under aerobic neutral conditions to afford unsymmetrical α‐oxoketene S,S‐acetals for the first time. This operationally simple, mild protocol tolerates a wide range of arylboronic acids and α‐enolic dithioesters. Typical features of this novel strategy include short reaction times (5 min), good yields and highly selective C=S functionalization leading to S‐arylation in one pot.
Preparation of Multivalent Carbohydrate Mimetics Based on Enantiopure 1,2‐Oxazines by Sonogashira Coupling and Subsequent Reductive Ring‐Opening
Authors: Kandziora Maja , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA modular approach to aryl C‐glycosides and their multivalent analogues is presented. Sonogashira coupling reactions connected the key compounds, enantiopure bicyclic 1,2‐oxazine derivatives bearing p‐bromophenyl substituents, with alkynes. Subsequent hydrogenolyses or a combination of hydrogenolysis and samarium diiodide mediated reductions converted the coupling products into new unnatural amino carbohydrate mimetics with a D‐talose configuration. By Glaser coupling reactions we obtained products with a 1,3‐diyne linker and divalent compounds derived therefrom. Through Sonogashira reactions of compound 8 with several iodobenzene derivatives, di‐, tri‐, and tetravalent compounds were prepared in high yields. The subsequent reductive processes converted the 1,2‐oxazine moieties into the corresponding aminopyrans. Severe purification problems were solved in most cases by following the appropriate strategies as an apt sequence of steps or by acetylation of the intermediates.
Efficient Synthesis of cis‐3‐Substituted Prolines by Bidentate‐Assisted Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Feng Ruokun , Wang Binjie , Liu Yue , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA highly effective protocol for the synthesis of C‐3‐substituted prolines has been developed. Pd‐catalyzed C(sp3)–H activation is used for the straightforward functionalization of prolines. The use of an 8‐aminoquinolinecarboxamide directing group allows direct arylation, alkenylation, and alkylation at the C‐3 position of prolines in moderate to high yields with diverse iodo‐ or bromo precursors. The resulting 3‐substituted proline derivatives are important units in many biologically active compounds and are useful promoters for a variety of functional group transformations.
Chemical Synthesis of 1‐Deoxy‐L‐fructose and L‐Sorbose Through Carbonyl Translocation
Authors: Wu Hsin‐Pei , Hsu Nai‐Yun , Lu Tai‐Ni , Chang Che‐Chien 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTwo rare sugars – 1‐deoxy‐L‐fructose and L‐sorbose – were synthesized from inexpensive starting materials by a carbonyl translocation method developed in our laboratory. Reduction of a known starting compound gave a 1,5‐diol derivative. Selective protection of the corresponding primary alcohol and oxidation of the secondary alcohol provided the desired product in acyclic, protected form. Subsequent deprotection resulted in the production of 1‐deoxy‐L‐fructose from the known starting material in five steps and in a total yield of 42 %. This approach represents the first report of a chemical synthesis of 1‐deoxy‐L‐fructose. A similar strategy was applied to convert inexpensive D‐glucose into L‐sorbose, which was prepared in five steps from a known starting material in a total yield of 55 %. The synthetic methods represent a complementary method to biological approaches for the synthesis of vitamin C.
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Symmetrical Pyrazines from β‐Keto γ‐Amino Esters: A Mild Strategy for Self‐Dimerization of Peptides
Authors: Ganesh Kumar Mothukuri , Thombare Varsha J. , Bhaisare Rupal D. , Adak Anindita , Gopi Hosahudya N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA facile synthesis of highly symmetrical tetrasubstituted pyrazines through simple aerial oxidation of β‐keto γ‐amino esters is reported. The scope of the reaction was examined by use of various amino acid side‐chain functional groups and peptides. The mild and efficient transformation of β‐keto γ‐amino esters into pyrazines may serve as an attractive strategy for self‐dimerization of peptides.
Characterization of a Disposable Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Putrescine Oxidase from Micrococcus rubens for the Determination of Putrescine
Authors: Henao‐Escobar W. , Domínguez‐Renedo O. , Alonso‐Lomillo M. A. , Cascalheira J. F. , Dias‐Cabral A. C. , Arcos‐Martínez M. J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPutrescine oxidase (PUO) from Micrococcus rubens has been characterized, as a biocatalytic component for the development of electrochemical biosensors for the determination of putrescine. PUO was immobilized by cross‐linking on screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as mediator (TTF/SPCEs). Isothermal titration calorimetry was used for investigation of kinetic properties of immobilized PUO. These PUO/TTF/SPCEs showed a linear response range from 10 a 74 µM, a capability of detection of 10.1±0.6 µM (n=4, α=β=0.05) and a precision of 6.7 %. Octopus and zucchini samples have been analysed using HPLC as a reference technique.
Badass geomorphology
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe archetypal badass is individualistic, non‐conformist, and able to produce disproportionate results. The badass concept is applied here to geomorphology. The individualistic concept of landscape evolution (ICLE) is introduced, based on three propositions: excess evolution space, capacity of all landforms to change, and variable selection pressure from environmental factors within and encompassing landscapes. ICLE indicates that geomorphic systems are idiosyncratic to some extent, and that even where two systems are similar, this is a happenstance of similar environmental selection, not an attractor state. As geomorphic systems are all individualistic, those that are also non‐conformist with respect to conventional wisdoms and have amplifier effects are considered badass. Development of meander bends on a section of the Kentucky River illustrates these ideas. The divergence of karst and fluvial forms on the inner and outer bends represents unstable amplifying effects. The divergence is also individualistic, as it can be explained only by combining general laws governing surface and subsurface flow partitioning with a specific geographical and environmental setting and the history of Quaternary downcutting of the Kentucky River. Landscape evolution there does not conform to any conventional theories or conceptual frameworks of geomorphology. The badass traits of many geomorphic systems have implications for the systems themselves, attitudes toward geomorphic practice, and appreciation of landforms. Badass geomorphology and the ICLE reflect a view, and approach to the study of, landforms as the outcome of the interplay of general laws, place‐specific controls, and history. Badass geomorphology also implies a research style receptive to contraventional wisdoms. Aesthetically, amplifier effects and individualism guarantee an essentially infinite variety of landforms and landscapes that geoscientists can appreciate both artistically and scientifically. Non‐conformity makes the interpretation and understanding of this variety more challenging – and while that increases the degree of difficulty, it also makes for more interesting and compelling professional challenges. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical methods in biomedical imaging
Authors: Burger Martin , Modersitzki Jan , Tenbrinck Daniel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBiomedical imaging is an important and exponentially growing field in life sciences and clinical practice, which strongly depends on the advances in mathematical image processing. Biomedical data presents a number of particularities such as non‐standard acquisition techniques. Thus, biomedical imaging may be considered as an own field of research. Typical biomedical imaging tasks, as outlined in this paper, demand for innovative data models and efficient and robust approaches to produce solutions to challenging problems both in basic research as well as daily clinical routine.This paper discusses typical specifications and challenges of reconstruction and denoising, segmentation, and image registration of biomedical data. Furthermore, it provides an overview of current concepts to tackle the typically ill‐posed problems and presents a unified framework that captures the different tasks mathematically. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prony methods for recovery of structured functions
Authors: Plonka Gerlind , Tasche Manfred 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this survey, we describe the classical Prony method and whose relatives. We sketch a frequently used Prony–like method for equispaced sampled data, namely the ESPRIT method. The case of nonequispaced sampled data is discussed too. For the reconstruction of a sparse eigenfunction expansion, a generalized Prony method is presented. The Prony methods are applied to the recovery of structured functions (such as exponential sums and extended exponential sums) and of sparse vectors. The recovery of spline functions with arbitrary knots from Fourier data is also based on Prony methods. Finally, some numerical examples are given. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of implicit achievement motivation, expected evaluations, and domain knowledge on creative performance
Authors: Schoen Jeremy L. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper explores the effect of achievement motivation on creative performance. I also describe how expectations of differing types of evaluations and knowledge of the domain moderate the relationship between implicit achievement motivation and creativity. Results suggest achievement motivation, measured implicitly, is related to creative performance. Additionally, the effect of achievement motivation at the implicit level on creative performance is moderated by expectation of evaluation and domain knowledge in a three‐way interaction. The main effect for achievement motivation, assessed at the implicit level, as a predictor of creative performance holds when controlling for other factors previously tested as predictors of creativity, including a self‐report assessment achievement motivation. I conclude by discussing the implications of this research and provide suggestions for future research opportunities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled trial for long‐term low‐dose erythromycin after sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Haxel Boris R. , Clemens Meike , Karaiskaki Niki , Dippold Uta , Kettern Lisanne , Mann Wolf J. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe efficacy of macrolides in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still under controversy. To date, only two double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies have been published with differing results. None of these studies investigated the possible benefit of macrolides in the postoperative period. We conducted an investigator‐initiated clinical trial using 250‐mg erythromycin once a day over a period of 3 months, beginning the administration of either erythromycin or placebo 2 weeks after a surgical intervention for CRS.Study DesignRandomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsThe concentrations of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and myeloperoxidase in nasal secretion were chosen as primary outcome measures. Additionally, as a secondary outcome measure, changes in the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐20 score, olfaction, saccharin transit time, nasal endoscopy score, and self‐rating of nasal health using a visual analogue scale were evaluated.ResultsSixty‐seven patients after surgery for CRS with or without nasal polyps were screened, and 58 patients were randomized to the study groups. For the primary outcomes, the concentrations of ECP changed from 176.4 µl/l ± 79.0 to 226.1 µl/l ± 200.6 in the erythromycin group and from 186.9 µl/l ± 36.0 to 192.9 µl/l ± 189.2 in the placebo group; no statistical differences were found. Of the secondary outcomes, only the nasal endoscopy score showed a statistically significant improvement in the erythromycin group (from 2.6 ± 1.4 to 1.9 ± 1.5 points) compared to the placebo group (from 2.5 ± 1.3 to 2.6 ± 1.5 points). The subgroup of patients without nasal polyps in the erythromycin group showed a tendency to improvement in some secondary outcome criteria.ConclusionsA general recommendation for long‐term, low‐dose erythromycin treatment after surgery for CRS cannot be given. In patients with CRS without nasal polyps, a tendency to improved parameters was detected.Level of EvidenceIb. Laryngoscope, 125:1048–1055, 2015
Relationship Between the Free Radical Polymerization Rates of Methacrylates and the Chemical Properties of their Monomeric Radicals
Authors: Cinar Sesil Agopcan , De Proft Frank , Avci Duygu , Aviyente Viktorya , De Vleeschouwer Freija 
Published: November 2014

In this study, the rate of photopolymerization (Rp) of 21 alkyl methacrylates is correlated with the chemical properties of their monomeric radicals by making use of the enthalpic and polar effects of these radicals. Based on these properties, a general non‐linear expression is derived by optimizing the radicals and evaluating both their stability and polar effects, via the radical electrophilicity, using density functional theory. The expression performs quite well in predicting Rp for 16 of the 21 methacrylates with an R2 value of 0.9384, but does not hold for too unstable and/or too nucleophilic radicals. Increasing the stability or decreasing the nucleophilicity of the monomeric radical results in a higher polymerization rate; in addition, the influence of the polar effects becomes larger for more stable radicals. Methacrylates containing a pendant phenyl, where π–π stacking plays an important role, are experimentally found to have a higher polymerization rate than predicted.
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A method for safety testing of radiofrequency/microwave‐emitting devices using MRI
Authors: Alon Leeor , Cho Gene Y. , Yang Xing , Sodickson Daniel K. , Deniz Cem M. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeStrict regulations are imposed on the amount of radiofrequency (RF) energy that devices can emit to prevent excessive deposition of RF energy into the body. In this study, we investigated the application of MR temperature mapping and 10‐g average specific absorption rate (SAR) computation for safety evaluation of RF‐emitting devices.MethodsQuantification of the RF power deposition was shown for an MRI‐compatible dipole antenna and a non–MRI‐compatible mobile phone via phantom temperature change measurements. Validation of the MR temperature mapping method was demonstrated by comparison with physical temperature measurements and electromagnetic field simulations. MR temperature measurements alongside physical property measurements were used to reconstruct 10‐g average SAR.ResultsThe maximum temperature change for a dipole antenna and the maximum 10‐g average SAR were 1.83°C and 12.4 W/kg, respectively, for simulations and 1.73°C and 11.9 W/kg, respectively, for experiments. The difference between MR and probe thermometry was <0.15°C. The maximum temperature change and the maximum 10‐g average SAR for a cell phone radiating at maximum output for 15 min was 1.7°C and 0.54 W/kg, respectively.ConclusionInformation acquired using MR temperature mapping and thermal property measurements can assess RF/microwave safety with high resolution and fidelity. Magn Reson Med 74:1397–1405, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient 3D data transfer operators based on numerical integration
Authors: Bussetta Philippe , Boman Romain , Ponthot Jean‐Philippe 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper deals with data transfer between two meshes as it happens in a finite element context when a remeshing has to be performed. We propose a finite‐volume‐based data transfer method for an efficient remeshing of three‐dimensional solid mechanics problems. The originality of this transfer method stems from a linear reconstruction of the fields to be transferred on an auxiliary finite volume mesh, a fast computation of the transfer operator and the application to the complete remeshing of 3D problems. This procedure is applicable to both nodal values and discrete fields defined at quadrature points. In addition, a data transfer method using mortar elements is presented. The main improvement made to this second method comes from a fast computation of mortar elements. These two data transfer methods are compared with the simplest transfer method, which consists of a classical interpolation. After some academic examples, we present 2D forging and 3D friction stir welding applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.