bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The threonine degradation pathway of the Trypanosoma brucei procyclic form: the main carbon source for lipid biosynthesis is under metabolic control
Authors: Millerioux Yoann , Ebikeme Charles , Biran Marc , Morand Pauline , Bouyssou Guillaume , Vincent Isabel M. , Mazet Muriel , Riviere Loïc , Franconi Jean‐Michel , Burchmore Richard J. S. , Moreau Patrick , Barrett Michael P. , Bringaud Frédéric 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe Trypanosoma brucei procyclic form resides within the digestive tract of its insect vector, where it exploits amino acids as carbon sources. Threonine is the amino acid most rapidly consumed by this parasite, however its role is poorly understood. Here, we show that the procyclic trypanosomes grown in rich medium only use glucose and threonine for lipid biosynthesis, with threonine's contribution being ∼ 2.5 times higher than that of glucose. A combination of reverse genetics and NMR analysis of excreted end‐products from threonine and glucose metabolism, shows that acetate, which feeds lipid biosynthesis, is also produced primarily from threonine. Interestingly, the first enzymatic step of the threonine degradation pathway, threonine dehydrogenase (TDH, EC 1.1.1.103), is under metabolic control and plays a key role in the rate of catabolism. Indeed, a trypanosome mutant deleted for the phosphoenolpyruvate decarboxylase gene (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.49) shows a 1.7‐fold and twofold decrease of TDH protein level and activity, respectively, associated with a 1.8‐fold reduction in threonine‐derived acetate production. We conclude that TDH expression is under control and can be downregulated in response to metabolic perturbations, such as in the PEPCK mutant in which the glycolytic metabolic flux was redirected towards acetate production.
Experimental Investigation of Failure Estimation Method for Cylinders With a Circumferential Crack Subjected to Combined Tensile and Torsion Loads
Authors: Li Yinsheng , Hasegawa Kunio , Miura Naoki , Hoshino Katsuaki 
Published: July 2013

When a crack is detected in a stainless steel pipe during in-service inspections, the failure estimation method given in codes such as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI or JSME Rules on Fitness-for-Service for Nuclear Power Plants can be applied to evaluate the structural integrity of the cracked pipe. In the current codes, the failure estimation method includes the bending moment and axial force due to pressure. The torsion moment is assumed to be relatively small and is not considered.
Recently, analytical investigations considering multi-axial loads including torsion were conducted in several previous studies by examining the limit load for pipes with a circumferential crack. A failure estimation method for the combined bending moment, torsion moment and internal pressure was proposed. In this study, the failure behavior of pipes with a circumferential crack subjected to multi-axial loads including the torsion is investigated to provide experimental support for the failure estimation method. Experiments were carried out on small size stainless steel cylinders containing a circumferential surface or through-wall crack, subjected to the combined tensile and torsion loads. Based on the experimental results, the proposed failure estimation method was confirmed to be applicable to cracked pipes subjected to combined tensile and torsion loads.
High Purity Process Piping: Addition of Chapter X High Purity Piping to the ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code
Authors: Henon Barbara K. , Cobb Dennis 
Published: July 2013

The 2010 Edition of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.3 Procecess Piping Code [1] includes a new chapter: Chapter X High Purity Piping. Chapter X covers industries listed in the scope of ASME B31.3 which use methods of fabrication, examination, inspection and testing different than other industries covered by the Code. Industries which have a need for cleanness and cleanability on a more demanding level, such as the semiconductor industry, which uses Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) Standards [2–4], and the pharmaceutical and bioprocessing industries, which use the ASME Bioprocessing Equipment (BPE) Standard [5], also reference ASME B31.3 for safety requirements.
ASME B31.3 now addresses issues common to the semiconductor and biopharmaceutical industries. The new High Purity Fluid Service defined in Chapter X permits weld coupon examination in lieu of the 5% radiography required in Normal Fluid Service when orbital welding is used in fabrication. Industries that may not otherwise be considered as high purity, such as refineries, the chemical processing industry [6–7], solar panel fabrication and nuclear or petrochemical applications that could use tubing rather than pipe, may benefit from the fabrication technology introduced in Chapter X while meeting the safety requirements of the Code.
Calculation of Stress Intensity Factor for Surface Flaws Using Universal Weight Functions With Piece-Wise Cubic Stress Interpolation
Authors: Xu Steven X. , Scarth Douglas A. , Cipolla Russell C. 
Published: July 2013

Linear elastic fracture mechanics based flaw evaluation procedures in ASME Section XI require calculation of the stress intensity factor. The method to calculate the stress intensity factor that is provided in the 2010 Edition of Appendix A of ASME Section XI is to fit the stress distribution ahead of the crack tip to a polynomial equation, and then use standardized influence coefficients. In PVP2011-57911, an alternate method for calculation of the stress intensity factor for a surface flaw that makes explicit use of the Universal Weight Function Method and does not require a polynomial fit to the actual stress distribution was proposed for implementation into Appendix A of Section XI. The alternate method provides closed-form solutions for the stress intensity factor. A numerical approximation is the assumed piece-wise linear variation of stress between discrete locations where stresses are known.
For highly nonlinear stress distributions, piece-wise cubic interpolation of stress over intervals between discrete locations where stresses are known is an improvement over piece-wise linear interpolation. Investigation of a cubic interpolation of stress between discrete locations where stresses are known has been conducted. Closed-form equations for calculation of the stress intensity factor for a surface flaw were developed using the Universal Weight Function Method and generic piece-wise cubic interpolation of stress over intervals. Example calculations are provided to compare the results of stress intensity factors using piece-wise cubic interpolation with piece-wise linear interpolation.
2012 Edition of the RCC-MRx: Adaptation of Rules to the Evolution of Projects Needs and International Exchanges
Authors: Lebarbé T. , Petesch C. , Bonne D. , de la Burgade F. , Blat-Yrieix M. 
Published: July 2013

In 2012, AFCEN (Association Française pour les règles de Conception et de Construction des Matériels des Chaudières Electro-nucléaires) will publish the fifth edition of the RCC-MR code, named RCC-MRx 2012. This RCC-MRx Code is the result of the merger of the RCC-MX 2008 developed in the context of the research reactor Jules Horowitz Reactor project, in the RCC-MR 2007 which set up rules applicable to the design of components operating at high temperature and to the Vacuum Vessel of ITER.
RCC-MRx, developed especially for Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR), Research Reactors (RR) and Fusion Reactors (FR-ITER) can also be used for components of other types of nuclear facilities (except PWR). It has been consider for instance in the frame of the CEN-Workshop (CEN-WS-MRx) in order to develop, on its basis, the European code for the design and fabrication of mechanical equipments for ESNII innovative nuclear installations.
The main objective of the RCC-MRx is to capitalize the technical feedback of projects such as SUPERPHENIX, JHR, but also to meet the needs of MYRRHA, PFBR and ASTRID projects and to prepare the design and construction of ALFRED and ALLEGRO. This paper presents the technical evolutions in the 2012 edition and the AFCEN organization dedicated to work in an international frame.
Technical Basis for Code Case N-806, Evaluation of Metal Loss in Class 2 and 3 Metallic Piping Buried in a Back-Filled Trench
Authors: McGill Robert O. , Moenssens Mark A. , Antaki George A. , Scarth Douglas A. 
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the technical basis for Code Case N-806, Evaluation of Metal Loss in Class 2 and 3 Metallic Piping Buried in a Back-filled Trench – Section XI, Division 1. This Code Case has been prepared in the ASME Section XI Task Group on Evaluation Procedures for Degraded Buried Pipe. It addresses the nuclear industry need for evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria for the disposition of metal loss that may be discovered during the inspection of piping buried in a back-filled trench.
This paper provides background discussion, scope of the Code Case, key definitions and a summary of Code Case methods followed by the basis explanation where necessary. It is organized to follow the same structure as the Code Case for ease of use.
New Flaws for Qualification of Cast Stainless Steel Inspection
Authors: Virkkunen Iikka , Kull Doug , Kemppainen Mika 
Published: July 2013

For decades, cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) have presented a challenge for inspection. However, recent advanced inspection technologies have shown promise in inspecting CASS materials with wall thicknesses that were once considered impossible.
Before being applied on larger scale, these new inspection methods must be proven to be effective at identifying discontinuities in CASS material. This presents a problem of its own. Several traditional flaw manufacturing methods cannot be applied to CASS due to the disruption of the parent material. Excavation and welding changes the cast material microstructure and thus significantly affects the inspection results. At the same time, due to the significant wall thickness and inspection limitations, the required qualification flaws can be quite large. Until recently, modern flaw manufacturing techniques, that do not require welding, have not been applied to flaws of this size.
In this paper, recent developments will be presented on the manufacturing of thermal fatigue cracks in centrifically CASS material. The presented developments make it possible to use real cracks for demonstrating the effectiveness of CASS inspection techniques.
The results also contain first published UT data on this kind of thermal fatigue cracks in CASS and reveal new insight on the inspectability of this difficult material.
Clade-Specific Virulence Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains in Human Primary Macrophages and Aerogenically Infected Mice
Authors: Reiling Norbert , Homolka Susanne , Walter Kerstin , Brandenburg Julius , Niwinski Lisa , Ernst Martin , Herzmann Christian , Lange Christoph , Diel Roland , Ehlers Stefan , Niemann Stefan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

In infection experiments with genetically distinct
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) strains, we identified clade-specific virulence patterns in human primary macrophages and in mice infected by the aerosol route, both reflecting relevant model systems. Exclusively human-adapted
M. tuberculosis
lineages, also termed clade I, comprising “modern” lineages, such as Beijing and Euro-American Haarlem strains, showed a significantly enhanced capability to grow compared to that of clade II strains, which include “ancient” lineages, such as, e.g., East African Indian or
M. africanum
strains. However, a simple correlation of inflammatory response profiles with strain virulence was not apparent. Overall, our data reveal three different pathogenic profiles: (i) strains of the Beijing lineage are characterized by low uptake, low cytokine induction, and a high replicative potential, (ii) strains of the Haarlem lineage by high uptake, high cytokine induction, and high growth rates, and (iii) EAI strains by low uptake, low cytokine induction, and a low replicative potential. Our findings have significant implications for our understanding of host-pathogen interaction and factors that modulate the outcomes of infections. Future studies addressing the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications need to take into account the diversity of both the pathogen and the host.

IMPORTANCE
Clinical strains of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) are genetically more diverse than previously anticipated. Our analysis of mycobacterial growth characteristics in primary human macrophages and aerogenically infected mice shows that the MTBC genetic differences translate into pathogenic differences in the interaction with the host. Our study reveals for the first time that “TB is not TB,” if put in plain terms. We are convinced that it is very unlikely that a single molecular mechanism may explain the observed effects. Our study refutes the hypothesis that there is a simple correlation between cytokine induction as a single functional parameter of host interaction and mycobacterial virulence. Instead, careful consideration of strain- and lineage-specific characteristics must guide our attempts to decipher what determines the pathological potential and thus the outcomes of infection with MTBC, one of the most important human pathogens.
Potentially traumatic interpersonal events, psychological distress and recurrent headache in a population-based cohort of adolescents: the HUNT study
Authors: Stensland Synne Øien , Dyb Grete , Thoresen Siri , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Zwart John-Anker 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesRecurrent headache co-occurs commonly with psychological distress, such as anxiety or depression. Potentially traumatic interpersonal events (PTIEs) could represent important precursors of psychological distress and recurrent headache in adolescents. Our objective was to assess the hypothesised association between exposure to PTIEs and recurrent migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in adolescents, and to further examine the potential impact of psychological distress on this relationship.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional cohort study. The study includes self-reported data from youth on exposure to potentially traumatic events, psychological distress and a validated interview on headache.SettingThe adolescent part of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2006–2008 (HUNT), conducted in Norway.ParticipantsA cohort of 10 464 adolescents were invited to the study. Age ranged from 12 to 20 years. The response rate was 73% (7620), of whom 50% (3832) were girls.Main outcome measuresData from the headache interview served as the outcome. Recurrent headache was defined as headache recurring at least monthly during the past year, and was subclassified into monthly, weekly and daily complaints. Subtypes were classified as TTH, migraine, migraine with TTH and/or non-classifiable headache, in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria, second edition.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sociodemographics, showed consistently significant associations between exposure to PTIEs and recurrent headache, regardless of the frequency or subtype of headache. Increasing exposure to PTIEs was associated with higher prevalence of recurrent headache, indicating a dose–response relationship. The strength of associations between exposure to PTIEs and all recurrent headache disorders was significantly attenuated when psychological distress was entered into the regression equation.ConclusionsThe empirical evidence of a strong and cumulative relationship between exposure to PTIEs, psychological distress and recurrent headache indicates a need for the integration of somatic and psychological healthcare services for adolescents in the prevention, assessment and treatment of recurrent headache. Prospective studies are needed.
Sickle cell disease and complex congenital cardiac surgery: a case report and review of the pathophysiology and perioperative management
Authors: Sanders DB , Smith BP , Sowell SR , Nguyen DH , Derby C , Eshun F , Nigro JJ 
Published: July 2013

Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are hemoglobinopathies rarely encountered in the United States. Compounded with congenital heart disease, patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) requiring cardiopulmonary bypass and open-heart surgery represent the proverbial “needle in the haystack”. As such, there is some trepidation on the part of clinicians when these patients present for complex cardiac surgery. SCD is an autosomal, recessive condition that results from a single nucleotide polymorphism in the β-globin gene. Hemoglobin SS molecules (HgbSS) with this point mutation can polymerize under the right conditions, stiffening the erythrocyte membrane and distorting the cellular structure to the characteristic sickle shape. This shape change alters cellular transit through the microvasculature. As a result, circumstances such as hypoxia, hypothermia, acidosis or diminished blood flow can lead to aggregation, vascular occlusion and thrombosis. Chronically, SCD can give rise to multiorgan damage secondary to hemolysis and vascular obstruction. This review and case study details an 11-year-old African-American male with known SCD who presented to the cardiothoracic surgical service with congenital heart disease consisting of an anomalous, intramural right coronary artery arising from the left coronary sinus for surgical consultation and subsequent surgical correction. This case report will include a review of the pathophysiology and current literature regarding preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management of SCD patients.
Study of the press forming mechanism of a thermoforming machine
Authors: Belforte Guido , Colombo Federico , Raparelli Terenziano , Maffiodo Daniela 
Published: July 2013

The paper presents kinematic and dynamic investigations of the main press forming mechanism of a thermoforming machine. A multibody analysis of this press forming mechanism, which lifts and rotates a press bed, was carried out. Press bed lifting, which is necessary to form the component, is performed by means of a first rod and toggle mechanism. Press bed rotation to eject the formed component is produced by means of a second rod and must be appropriately shifted. These rods are oscillating followers driven by cams, making it possible to precisely define trajectories as a function of the motor shaft rotation angle. Analysis is performed by numerically solving the equations of motion. Cam synthesis on the basis of the oscillating followers’ trajectories makes it possible to obtain cam profiles in order to evaluate pressure angles and check that there is no undercutting. System dynamics is investigated in order to evaluate motor torque and analyse internal stresses on the hinges. In addition, some experimental results and those obtained with the dynamic model are compared. Performance improvement of the actual machine is carried out by modifying the trajectory of the press bed by means of a numerical code at the purpose developed. This approach is more convenient than the use of a commercial multibody code, which is not specifically built for parametric studies.
MLL fusion protein–driven AML is selectively inhibited by targeted disruption of the MLL-PAFc interaction
Authors: Muntean Andrew G. , Chen Wei , Jones Morgan , Granowicz Eric M. , Maillard Ivan , Hess Jay L. 
Published: July 2013

Key Points
The PAFc subunit, Cdc73, is required for the proliferation and proper epigenetic regulation of proleukemic oncogenes in AML cells. Disrupting the MLL-PAFc interaction selectively inhibits the growth of MLL-associated leukemic cells without altering normal hematopoietic stem cell function.
Subsequent intra-abdominal fibromatosis mimicking recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Jiang Dongxian , He Deming , Hou Yingyong , Lu Weiqi , Shi Yuan , Hu Qin , Lu Shaohua , Xu Chen , Liu Yalan , Liu Ju , Tan Yunshan , Zhu Xiongzeng 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Abstract
Intra-abdominal fibromatosis (IAF) commonly develops in patients who had abdominal surgery. In rare instances, it occurs subsequent to gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). This special situation has clinical significance in imatinib era. About 1000 patients with GIST in our institution from 1993 to 2010 were re-evaluated based on their clinical and pathological data, the treatment strategies and the follow-up information. We identified 2 patients who developed IAF after GIST resection. Patient 1 was a 54 year-old male and had 5 cm × 4.5 cm × 3.5 cm jejunal GIST excised on February 22, 1994. Three years later, an abdominal mass with 7 cm × 6 cm × 3 cm was identified. He was diagnosed as recurrent GIST from clinical point of view. After excision, the second tumor was confirmed to be IAF. Patient 2 was a 45-year-old male and had 6 cm × 4 cm × 3 cm duodenal GIST excised on August 19, 2008. One year later, a 4 cm mass was found at the original surgical site. The patient refused to take imatinib until the tumor increased to 8 cm six months later. The tumor continued to increase after 6 months’ imatinib therapy, decision of surgical resection was made by multidisciplinary team. The second tumor was confirmed to be IAF with size of 17 cm × 13 cm × 11 cm. Although IAF subsequent to GIST is very rare, it is of clinical significance in imatinib era as an influencing factor for making clinical decision.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1076715989961803
Impact of Hydrocarbon on the Performance of Nanoparticles in Control of Fines Migration
Authors: Ogolo N. A. , Olafuyi O. A. , Onyekonwu M. O. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Some nanoparticles that exhibit potentials to control fines migration in sands have been studied. The effect of crude oil on the performance of these nanoparticles is important because these nanoparticles are proposed for application in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Two fines control experiments were conducted with these nanoparticles in the absence and in the presence of crude oil. The nanoparticles used were zinc oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide, silane treated silicon oxide and hydrophobic silicon oxide. These nanoparticles were dispersed in distilled water, brine, and ethanol.
The study reveals that the presence of crude oil affects the performance of nanoparticles in trapping fines in sand. While the performance of some nanoparticles in preventing fines migration under certain conditions in porous media and in the presence of crude oil was enhanced, the performance of other nanoparticles deteriorated. The effect is partly dependent on the type of nanoparticles and the nanoparticles fluid dispersant used. A sound knowledge of the nanoparticle performance trend in hydrocarbon reservoirs is essential before they can be recommended for use in reservoirs. The results also emphasize the need to perform laboratory experiments aimed at solving reservoir problems in the presence of crude oil since its effect can improve or hamper the performance of deployed agents.