bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent PTH administration and mechanical loading are anabolic for periprosthetic cancellous bone
Authors: Grosso Matthew J. , Courtland Hayden‐William , Yang Xu , Sutherland James P. , Stoner Kirsten , Nguyen Joseph , Fahlgren Anna , Ross F. Patrick , van der Meulen Marjolein C. H. , Bostrom Mathias P. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the individual and combined effects on periprosthetic cancellous bone of intermittent parathyroid hormone administration (iPTH) and mechanical loading at the cellular, molecular, and tissue levels. Porous titanium implants were inserted bilaterally on the cancellous bone of adult rabbits beneath a loading device attached to the distal lateral femur. The left femur received a sham loading device. The right femur was loaded daily, and half of the rabbits received daily PTH. Periprosthetic bone was evaluated up to 28 days for gene expression, histology, and µCT analysis. Loading and iPTH increased bone mass by a combination of two mechanisms: (1) Altering cell populations in a pro‐osteoblastic/anti‐adipocytic direction, and (2) controlling bone turnover by modulating the RANKL‐OPG ratio. At the tissue level, BV/TV increased with both loading (+53%, p < 0.05) and iPTH (+54%, p < 0.05). Combined treatment showed only small additional effects at the cellular and molecular levels that corresponded to a small additive effect on bone volume (+13% compared to iPTH alone, p > 0.05). This study suggests that iPTH and loading are potential therapies for enhancing periprosthetic bone formation. The elucidation of the cellular and molecular response may help further enhance the combined therapy and related targeted treatment strategies. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:163–173, 2015.
In vivo laser cartilage reshaping with carbon dioxide spray cooling in a rabbit ear model: A pilot study
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Hamamoto Ashley A. , Sun Victor , Nguyen Tony , Manuel Cyrus T. , Protsenko Dmitry E. , Wong Brian J. F. , Nelson J. Stuart , Jia Wangcun 
Published: November 2014

Background/ObjectivesSimilar to conventional cryogen spray cooling, carbon dioxide (CO2) spray may be used in combination with laser cartilage reshaping (LCR) to produce cartilage shape change while minimizing cutaneous thermal injury. Recent ex vivo evaluation of LCR with CO2 cooling in a rabbit model has identified a promising initial parameter space for in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate shape change and cutaneous injury following LCR with CO2 cooling in 5 live rabbits.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe midportion of live rabbit ears were irradiated with a 1.45 µm wavelength diode laser (12 J/cm2) with simultaneous CO2 spray cooling (85 millisecond duration, 4 alternating heating/cooling cycles per site, 5 to 6 irradiation sites per row for 3 rows per ear). Experimental and control ears (no LCR) were splinted in the flexed position for 30 days following exposure. A total of 5 ears each were allocated to the experimental and control groups.ResultsShape change was observed in all irradiated ears (mean 70 ± 3°), which was statistically different from control (mean 37 ± 11°, P = 0.009). No significant thermal cutaneous injury was observed, with preservation of the full thickness of skin, microvasculature, and adnexal structures. Confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated an intact and viable chondrocyte population surrounding irradiated sites.ConclusionsLCR with CO2 spray cooling can produce clinically significant shape change in the rabbit auricle while minimizing thermal cutaneous and cartilaginous injury and frostbite. This pilot study lends support for the potential use of CO2 spray as an adjunct to existing thermal‐based cartilage reshaping modalities. An in vivo systematic evaluation of optimal laser dosimetry and cooling parameters is required. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:791–795, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tunable interferometric optical bandpass filter based on flexural acoustic wave modulation in a SMF‐MOF hybrid configuration with fiber offset splicing output
Authors: Zhang Hao , Qiu Minghui , Kang Shouxin , Liu Bo , Miao Yinping 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAn acoustically tunable bandpass filter has been presented by applying flexural acoustic wave modulation in the single‐mode‐fiber‐microstructured‐optical‐fiber (SMF‐MOF) hybrid structure with splicing offset between the MOF and lead‐out SMF. Simultaneous acousto‐optic mode coupling the SMF as well as MOF is simultaneously excited in these two types of optical fibers and owing to the presence of fiber offset at the output splicing joint, part of the cladding mode light in the MOF could be collected by the lead‐out SMF to achieve bandpass filtering operation. Furthermore, the transmission spectral interference with acoustically controlled operation wavelength and fringe visibility has been investigated as well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:31–35, 2015
Collimator‐based sensor for remote vibration monitoring
Authors: Taiwo Ambali , Taiwo Sulaiman , Sahbudin R. K. Z. , Yaacob M. H. , Mokhtar M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIntensity‐based fiber vibration sensor using optical collimators for remote vibration monitoring is investigated. The sensor is proposed for its rigidity and ability to be used in place of fiber Brags grating and interferometry sensor which are subjected to impairment in dynamic sensing due to their fragile nature. The result shows the proposed sensor having good linear response over the measured value and stability when tested over 1 h. The low frequency range of 0–180 Hz measured shows the suitability of the proposed sensor for remote vibration monitoring in bridge, electrical power generator, machines, and structures that exhibit low vibration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:38–41, 2015
Study of the design evolution of an antenna and its performance for UWB communications
Authors: Ershadh Mohamed 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a comprehensive study for designing an antenna for ultra wide band (UWB) communications. The techniques involved for designing an antenna, the need for its use and effects of those techniques on the UWB performance of the proposed antenna are investigated to develop an intuition and to gain an insight into the antenna design. The work studies the design methodologies and constitutes a design procedure. This way of studying the design methodologies for designing an UWB antenna is proposed as a novel approach in this article, as it gives a clear insight into the UWB antenna design. Various aspects of the UWB characteristics of the proposed antenna are shown as comparison with an analogous classic design to view the improvement in each and every aspect of the essential parameters of the UWB. The presented results show that an overall improvement in the UWB performance is achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:80–84, 2015
A semianalytical finite element analysis of electromagnetic propagation in stratified media
Authors: Chen Jiefu 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA semianalytical finite element method (FEM) is proposed for analyzing propagation of electromagnetic waves in stratified media. Conventional finite elements are used to discretize the cross‐section of a layered structure, and a Riccati equation‐based integration scheme is used to handle the longitudinal direction with a very high precision. This semianalytical FEM is easy to implement. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method has high efficiency and accuracy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:15–18, 2015
MIMO multiband antenna system with nonresonant elements
Authors: Andújar Aurora , Anguera Jaume 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMulti‐input multi‐output (MIMO) technology will enable high‐data rates in wireless devices to allow speech and video calls to streaming media and web browsing all over a common platform. MIMO technology needs M antennas both in transmission and reception. As the space in a wireless device is limited, including M antennas is a challenge. To face such challenge, a MIMO antenna system is proposed which comprises two small nonresonant elements operating in the frequency region 824–960 MHz and two identical elements operating at 1710–2170 MHz. The size of each of the nonresonant elements is only 5 × 5 × 5 mm3. The proposed MIMO system is analyzed in terms of bandwidth, efficiency, correlation, and multiplexing efficiency. MIMO capacity is measured in a reverberation chamber considering a free‐space Rayleigh scenario and also including the effect of a phantom head and hand. The results reveal that the proposed MIMO system provides capacity close to the ideal bound while having a small size and able to operate at several 2G, 3G, and 4G long term evolution standards. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:183–190, 2015
Rapid multislice T1 mapping of mouse myocardium: Application to quantification of manganese uptake in α‐Dystrobrevin knockout mice
Authors: Jiang Kai , Li Wen , Li Wei , Jiao Sen , Castel Laurie , Van Wagoner David R. , Yu Xin 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe aim of this study was to develop a rapid, multislice cardiac T1 mapping method in mice and to apply the method to quantify manganese (Mn2+) uptake in a mouse model with altered Ca2+ channel activity.MethodsAn electrocardiography‐triggered multislice saturation‐recovery Look‐Locker method was developed and validated both in vitro and in vivo. A two‐dose study was performed to investigate the kinetics of T1 shortening, Mn2+ relaxivity in myocardium, and the impact of Mn2+ on cardiac function. The sensitivity of Mn2+‐enhanced MRI in detecting subtle changes in altered Ca2+ channel activity was evaluated in a mouse model with α‐dystrobrevin knockout.ResultsValidation studies showed strong agreement between the current method and an established method. High Mn2+ dose led to significantly accelerated T1 shortening. Heart rate decreased during Mn2+ infusion, while ejection ratio increased slightly at the end of imaging protocol. No statistical difference in cardiac function was detected between the two dose groups. Mice with α‐dystrobrevin knockout showed enhanced Mn2+ uptake in vivo. In vitro patch‐clamp study showed increased Ca2+ channel activity.ConclusionThe saturation recovery method provides rapid T1 mapping in mouse hearts, which allowed sensitive detection of subtle changes in Mn2+ uptake in α‐dystrobrevin knockout mice. Magn Reson Med 74:1370–1379, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finite strain elastoplastic solutions for the undrained ground response curve in tunnelling
Authors: Vrakas Apostolos , Anagnostou Georgios 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe instantaneous response of saturated low permeability grounds to tunnel excavation is important for deformations and stability close to the tunnel face. It is characterized by zero volume change in combination with the development of excess pore pressures. In tunnelling through poor quality ground under great depth of cover and high in situ pore pressure, heavily squeezing conditions (characterized by very large convergences) may occur soon after excavation. This paper presents exact finite strain analytical solutions for the undrained ground response around cylindrical and spherical openings that are unloaded from uniform and isotropic initial stress states, on the basis of the Modified Cam Clay (MCC) model and the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) model. The solution for a Drucker–Prager material is also given as it requires only a very small modification to the MC solution. The so‐called ground response curve, that is, the relationship between the support pressure and the cavity wall displacement, is derived in closed form for the MC model. The solution for the MCC problem is semi‐analytical in that it uses the trapezium rule for the computation of a definite integral. The influence of the significant parameters of the problem on the predicted deformation behaviour is shown by means of dimensionless charts. Finally, the practical usefulness of the solutions presented is illustrated by applying them to the breccia zones of the planned Gibraltar Strait tunnel – an extreme case of weak, low permeability ground under high pore pressure. The solutions can serve as a trustworthy benchmark for numerical procedures that incorporate material and geometric nonlinearities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weight change during childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction therapy predicts obesity: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Withycombe Janice S. , Smith Lynette M. , Meza Jane L. , Merkle Carrie , Faulkner Melissa Spezia , Ritter Leslie , Seibel Nita L. , Moore Ki 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundObesity is a well documented problem associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with increasing body mass index often observed during therapy. This study aims to evaluate if weight gain, early in therapy, is predictive of obesity at the end of treatment.ProcedureIn this secondary analysis, data from 1,017 high‐risk ALL patients previously treated on a Children's Oncology Group protocol (CCG study 1961) were reviewed. Logistic regression was used to examine whether change in BMI z‐score at Induction or Delayed Intensification (DI) 1 were predictive of obesity at the end of therapy.ResultsThe BMI z‐score at the beginning of Induction and the change in BMI z‐score during Induction were both significant predictors of obesity at the end of therapy. The change in BMI z‐score during cycle 1 of DI was not found to be associated with obesity.ConclusionsIt is well know that obesity at the beginning of therapy is predictive of obesity at the end of ALL therapy. The new, and more important, finding from this study is that even after adjusting for baseline weight, the increase in BMI z‐scores during induction was an independent predictor of obesity at the end of therapy. Most researchers agree that prevention is the best form of treatment for obesity as it is difficult to reverse once it is present. This study suggests that monitoring weight trends during Induction may be useful in guiding healthcare practitioners in identifying which patients are at highest risk for obesity development so that early intervention may occur. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:434–439. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proactive Planning for Vascular Access Therapy: One Hospital's Plan for Success
Authors: deCastro Maria Victoria A. , Eades Laura J. , Rineair Sylvia A. , Schoettker Pamela J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: Vascular access is a critical component of care for patients in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Our NICU had only a small number of nurses cross-trained to perform peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertions and was not able to provide coverage 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We combined the vascular access team (VAT) and NICU PICC team to improve the timeliness of NICU PICC insertions, standardize care, and use ultrasound for all PICC placements.
Methods: A paper guide tool was developed to prioritize PICC placements as emergent, same-day, or nonemergent. NICU nurses were trained to insert PICCs using ultrasound. Catheter insertion and care processes were standardized for the new centralized PICC team. NICU and VAT staff worked together to improve daily communication, hand-offs, and referrals. Criteria were developed to determine the appropriate hospital location for PICC insertions. Charge nurses began capturing information about patients with PICCs on daily planning sheets.
Results: Following implementation of the new combined VAT, the average wait time for emergent and same-day insertions decreased 10%. No adverse events were reported due to a delay in PICC placement or the PICC referral process.
Conclusions: Combining the NICU PICC insertion nurses and the VAT into a new centralized PICC team provided an opportunity for growth in both areas. NICU PICCs are now placed efficiently based on patient acuity and referral prioritization throughout the hospital. NICU and VAT physicians and nurses have developed a strong partnership for the provision of PICC services for NICU patients.
The Murchison Widefield Array Commissioning Survey: A Low-Frequency Catalogue of 14 110 Compact Radio Sources over 6 100 Square Degrees
Authors: Hurley-Walker Natasha , Morgan John , Wayth Randall B. , Hancock Paul J. , Bell Martin E. , Bernardi Gianni , Bhat Ramesh , Briggs Frank , Deshpande Avinash A. , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Feng Lu , Hazelton Bryna J. , Hindson Luke , Jacobs Daniel C. , Kaplan David L. , Kudryavtseva Nadia , Lenc Emil , McKinley Benjamin , Mitchell Daniel , Pindor Bart , Procopio Pietro , Oberoi Divya , Offringa André , Ord Stephen , Riding Jennifer , Bowman Judd D. , Cappallo Roger , Corey Brian , Emrich David , Gaensler B. M. , Goeke Robert , Greenhill Lincoln , Hewitt Jacqueline , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Kasper Justin , Kratzenberg Eric , Lonsdale Colin , Lynch Mervyn , McWhirter Russell , Morales Miguel F. , Morgan Edward , Prabu Thiagaraj , Rogers Alan , Roshi Anish , Shankar Udaya , Srivani K. , Subrahmanyan Ravi , Tingay Steven , Waterson Mark , Webster Rachel , Whitney Alan , Williams Andrew , Williams Chris 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present the results of an approximately 6 100 deg2 104–196 MHz radio sky survey performed with the Murchison Widefield Array during instrument commissioning between 2012 September and 2012 December: the MWACS. The data were taken as meridian drift scans with two different 32-antenna sub-arrays that were available during the commissioning period. The survey covers approximately 20.5 h < RA < 8.5 h, − 58° < Dec < −14°over three frequency bands centred on 119, 150 and 180 MHz, with image resolutions of 6–3 arcmin. The catalogue has 3 arcmin angular resolution and a typical noise level of 40 mJy beam− 1, with reduced sensitivity near the field boundaries and bright sources. We describe the data reduction strategy, based upon mosaicked snapshots, flux density calibration, and source-finding method. We present a catalogue of flux density and spectral index measurements for 14 110 sources, extracted from the mosaic, 1 247 of which are sub-components of complexes of sources.
Multilateral Aid and Domestic Economic Interests
Authors: McLean Elena V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExisting studies of foreign aid suggest that donor countries' economic groups, such as exporters, should be generally opposed to multilateral aid because multilateral flows do not allow donor countries to tie their aid implicitly or explicitly to the promotion of their domestic economic interests. However, economic groups can actually benefit from some types of multilateral aid, and this serves as an incentive for donor governments to support international organizations generating the benefits. I test my argument using data on aid allocated to the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol and the Global Environment Facility, and international trade by commodity. I find robust empirical support for the argument that when donors' domestic economic groups are likely to gain from opportunities created by international environmental organizations' programs, donor governments increase aid allocations to these organizations.
Role of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray for management of adenoidal hypertrophy in children
Authors: Bhargava R , Chakravarti A 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectives:To study the role of mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray for the management of adenoidal hypertrophy in children with more than 50 per cent obstruction, and to assess its impact on change in quality of life.Methods:A prospective, randomised, double-blind, interventional placebo-controlled study was conducted. A total of 100 children aged 2–12 years completed treatment and follow up. The symptoms and degree of obstruction were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy conducted pre-treatment and 24 weeks post-treatment. Subjects received mometasone furoate nasal spray at a daily dose of 200 µg for 8 weeks, followed by a dose of 200 µg on alternate days for 16 weeks. Results were compared with those of a matched control group who were given saline nasal spray.Results:With mometasone treatment, there was an 89.8 per cent reduction in clinical symptom score, and the degree of obstruction dropped from 87 to 72 per cent (p < 0.0001). A statistically significant change in quality of life scores was seen in patients treated with the mometasone nasal spray (score change of 37.47) as compared with those given saline nasal spray (score change of 11.25) (p = 0.0001).Conclusion:Mometasone nasal spray appears to be effective in treating children with obstructive adenoids.
Happiness and Work: Portuguese Peasants, British Laborers, African Contract Workers, and the Case of São Tomé and Príncipe, 1901–1909*
Authors: Higgs Catherine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the first decade of the twentieth century, the allegation that slaves were harvesting cocoa off the west coast of Africa on the Portuguese island colony of São Tomé and Príncipe became an international scandal, not only because slavery had long been outlawed, but also because one of the major purchasers of that cocoa was the Quaker chocolate company, Cadbury Brothers. The Portuguese denied the charge of slavery and claimed that African workers on the islands were not only happier than Portuguese peasants, but also more content than many European workers. This article explores this claim and argues that the conflicting interpretations of what the British called the crisis over “slave cocoa” and the Portuguese called “the English cocoa controversy” can be explained by differing perspectives about work.
The Making of Wage Laborers in Nineteenth Century Southern Africa: Magololo Porters and David Livingstone, 1853–1861
Authors: Mandala Elias 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis essay illuminates the worldwide transition to free labor from various forms of unfree labor by examining that process in the particular conditions of Southern Africa's encounter with Britain. Dr. David Livingstone's servants—whose descendants in Malawi have been called “Magololo,”1 a term used throughout this essay to distinguish them from the “Kololo” conquerors of Bulozi in contemporary Zambia and parts of Namibia—exemplify this global development. Between 1853 and 1861, over a hundred young Magololo men worked as porters, deckhands, and guides and showed Livingstone the very places in southern Africa whose “discovery” (for Britons) made Livingstone famous. Owing tribute labor to their king, Sekeletu, they initially performed these tasks as subjects. But, after Livingstone's return from England in 1858, they labored for wages; they were among the first groups of Africans in the region to make the emblematic modern move from formally unfree labor to formally free labor. This transition, which would form the core conflict of indirect rule in British Africa, radically altered Livingstone's relationship with his guides: They rebelled against him in 1861. This is one side of the story. The other side follows from the fact that one cannot sensibly speak about workers without the story of their employers. Accordingly, this essay revisits the well-known story of Livingstone's life but offers a different perspective than other biographies. It is the first study to combine the long-familiar documentary evidence with oral sources, for the specific purpose of retelling the Livingstone narrative (in its many renderings) from the viewpoint of his relations with the Magololo workers. In that way, it can shed light on the beginnings of the transition to wage labor in this region.