bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stent-Assisted Coiling of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Jabbour Pascal , Singhal Saurabh , Drueding Ross , Starke Robert M. , Dalyai Richard T. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Dumont Aaron S. , Rosenwasser Robert , Randazzo Ciro G. 
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—
Self-expanding stents are increasingly used for treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. We assess the safety and the efficacy of intracranial stenting and determine predictors of treatment outcomes.

Methods—
A total of 508 patients with 552 aneurysms were treated with Neuroform and Enterprise stents between 2006 and 2011 at our institution. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of complications, recanalization, and outcome.

Results—
Of 508 patients, 461 (91%) were treated electively and 47 (9%) in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Complications occurred in 6.8% of patients. In multivariate analysis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, delivery of coils before stent placement, and carotid terminus/middle cerebral artery aneurysm locations were independent predictors of procedural complications. Angiographic follow-up was available for 87% of patients at a mean of 26 months. The rates of recanalization and retreatment were, respectively, 12% and 6.4%. Older age, previously coiled aneurysms, larger aneurysms, incompletely occluded aneurysms, Neuroform stent, and aneurysm location were predictors of recanalization. Favorable outcomes were seen in 99% of elective patients and 51% of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Patient age, ruptured aneurysms, and procedural complications were predictors of outcome.

Conclusions—
Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms is safe, effective, and provides durable aneurysm closure. Higher complication rates and worse outcomes are associated with treatment of ruptured aneurysms. Stent delivery before coil deployment reduces the risk of procedural complications. Staging the procedure may not improve procedural safety. Closed-cell stents are associated with significantly lower recanalization rates.
Survey of Declarations or Statements Made by the Parties to the Law of the Sea Convention: 30 Years after Adoption
Authors: Song Yann-huei 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This article surveys the declarations or statements made by the States or entities under Articles 287, 298, and 310 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over the past thirty years when they signed, ratified, or acceded to the LOS Convention, or at any time thereafter, with regard to the interpretation and application of certain provisions contained in the Convention. This study shows that differences regarding the interpretation or application of the provisions of the Convention can be found in the declarations and statements made by States located in different geographical regions. The author suggests that a possible way to amend the Convention is to include an item for discussion in the agenda of future meetings of the UN General Assembly, the UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, or State Parties to the Convention.
A Characterization of African Easterly Waves on 2.5–6-Day and 6–9-Day Time Scales
Authors: Wu Man-Li C. , Reale Oreste , Schubert Siegfried D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This study shows that the African easterly wave (AEW) activity over the African monsoon region and the northern tropical Atlantic can be divided in two distinct temporal bands with time scales of 2.5–6 and 6–9 days. The results are based on a two-dimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition (2D-EEMD) of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). The novel result of this investigation is that the 6–9-day waves appear to be located predominantly to the north of the African easterly jet (AEJ), originate at the jet level, and are different in scale and structure from the well-known low-level 2.5–6-day waves that develop baroclinically on the poleward flank of the AEJ. Moreover, they appear to interact with midlatitude eastward-propagating disturbances, with the strongest interaction taking place at the latitudes where the core of the Atlantic high pressure system is located. Composite analyses applied to the mode decomposition indicate that the interaction of the 6–9-day waves with midlatitude systems is characterized by enhanced southerly (northerly) flow from (toward) the tropics. This finding agrees with independent studies focused on European floods, which have noted enhanced moist transport from the ITCZ toward the Mediterranean region on time scales of about a week as important precursors of extreme precipitation.
Two Decades of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Anatomy, Variations, Extremes, Prediction, and Overcoming Its Limitations
Authors: Wunsch Carl , Heimbach Patrick 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The zonally integrated meridional volume transport in the North Atlantic [Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)] is described in a 19-yr-long ocean-state estimate, one consistent with a diverse global dataset. Apart from a weak increasing trend at high northern latitudes, the AMOC appears statistically stable over the last 19 yr with fluctuations indistinguishable from those of a stationary Gaussian stochastic process. This characterization makes it possible to study (using highly developed tools) extreme values, predictability, and the statistical significance of apparent trends. Gaussian behavior is consistent with the central limit theorem for a process arising from numerous independent disturbances. In this case, generators include internal instabilities, changes in wind and buoyancy forcing fields, boundary waves, the Gulf Stream and deep western boundary current transports, the interior fraction in Sverdrup balance, and all similar phenomena arriving as summation effects from long distances and times. As a zonal integral through the sum of the large variety of physical processes in the three-dimensional ocean circulation, understanding of the AMOC, if it is of central climate importance, requires breaking it down into its unintegrated components over the entire basin.
Diversification Opportunities through Fixed-income Managed Funds in Eastern Europe
Authors: Grose Chris 
Published: March 2013

In measuring the performance characteristics of fixed-income mutual funds in the emerging economies of Eastern Europe, we use a sample of funds domiciled in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, finding failure to surpass passive benchmarks even before considering the impact of expenses on overall returns. Market timing on the part of fund managers is found but in higher moment testing, being overwhelmed though by seemingly full replication of passive benchmark strategies followed. Results are negatively influenced by stock market returns in the relative markets, while public information variables appear to enclose informational content proven useful to fund managers. JEL Classification: G11, G15, G23
Tendoscopic Groove Deepening for Chronic Subluxation of the Peroneal Tendons
Authors: Vega Jordi , Batista Jorge Pablo , Golanó Pau , Dalmau Antoni , Viladot Ramón 
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons over the lateral malleolus is an uncommon disabling condition in young people involved in sports. Injury to the superior peroneal retinaculum, sometimes in association with a shallow fibular groove, can lead to this condition. There are several surgical treatments for recurrent peroneal tendon subluxation, but no tendoscopy technique has been reported to date. The aim of this study was to describe a tendoscopic groove-deepening technique and its results for treating patients with recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons. Methods: Seven patients (3 women and 4 men; mean age 26.4 [21-32] years) with chronic subluxation of the peroneal tendons were treated with a tendoscopic procedure. All patients experienced pain at the lateral retromalleolar area and recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons. The right ankle was affected in 4 patients. Mean follow-up was 15.4 (8-25) months. Results: On tendoscopic examination, all patients had a flat fibular groove, and the superior peroneal retinaculum was found to be detached in 4 cases. Three patients had a superficial injury of the peroneus brevis tendon which was debrided. Tendoscopic deepening of the peroneal groove without superior peroneal retinaculum repair was performed in all cases. None of the patients experienced recurrent subluxation during follow-up. The AOFAS score increased from 75 preoperatively to 93 at final follow-up. No complications were reported in any case. Conclusion: Tendoscopic deepening of the fibular groove was a reproducible, minimally invasive technique that provided a favorable outcome for recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons in our limited number of patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Validation of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score in Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Mani Sriniwasan B. , Brown Haydée C. , Nair Pallavi , Chen Lan , Do Huong T. , Lyman Stephen , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: March 2013

Introduction: The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score has been under recent scrutiny. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is an alternative subjective survey, assessing outcomes in 5 subscales. It is validated for lateral ankle instability and hallux valgus patients. The aim of our study was to validate the FAOS for assessing outcomes in flexible adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). Methods: Patients from the authors’ institution diagnosed with flexible AAFD from 2006 to 2011 were eligible for the study. In all, 126 patients who completed the FAOS and the Short-Form 12 (SF-12) on the same visit were included in the construct validity component. Correlation was deemed moderate if the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was .4 to .7. Content validity was assessed in 63 patients by a questionnaire that asked patients to rate the relevance of each FAOS question, with a score of 2 or greater considered acceptable. Reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in 41 patients who completed a second FAOS survey. In 49 patients, preoperative and postoperative FAOS scores were compared to determine responsiveness. Results: All of the FAOS subscales demonstrated moderate correlation with 2 physical health related SF-12 domains. Mental health related domains showed poor correlation. Content validity was high for the Quality of Life (QoL; mean 2.26) and Sports/Recreation subscales (mean 2.12). All subscales exhibited very good test–retest reliability, with ICCs of .7 and above. Symptoms, QoL, pain, and daily activities (ADLs) were responsive to change in postoperative patients ( P < .05). Conclusion: This study has validated the FAOS for AAFD with acceptable construct and content validity, reliability, and responsiveness. Given its previous validation for patients with ankle instability and hallux valgus, the additional findings in this study support its use as an alternative to less reliable outcome surveys. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
Single nucleotide variation in the TP53 3′ untranslated region in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab-CHOP: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program
Authors: Li Yong , Gordon Michael W. , Xu-Monette Zijun Y. , Visco Carlo , Tzankov Alexander , Zou Dehui , Qiu Lugui , Montes-Moreno Santiago , Dybkaer Karen , Orazi Attilio , Zu Youli , Bhagat Govind , Richards Kristy L. , Hsi Eric D. , Choi William W. L. , Han van Krieken J. , Huang Qin , Ai Weiyun , Ponzoni Maurilio , Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Winter Jane N. , Go Ronald S. , Piris Miguel A. , Møller Michael B. , Wu Lin , Wang Michael , Ramos Kenneth S. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Young Ken H. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
TP53 3′UTR variations demonstrate prognostic value in DLBCL.
Strong convergence theorems for equilibrium problems and weak Bregman relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P , Chen Jia-Wei , Cho Yeol Je 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In this paper, a shrinking projection algorithm based on the prediction correction method for equilibrium problems and weak Bregman relatively nonexpansive mappings is introduced and investigated in Banach spaces, and then the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm is derived under some suitable assumptions. These results are new and develop some recent results in this field.

MSC:26B25, 47H09, 47J05, 47J25.
The Enzyme Portal: a case study in applying user-centred design methods in bioinformatics
Authors: de Matos Paula , Cham Jennifer A , Cao Hong , Alcántara Rafael , Rowland Francis , Lopez Rodrigo , Steinbeck Christoph 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
User-centred design (UCD) is a type of user interface design in which the needs and desires of users are taken into account at each stage of the design process for a service or product; often for software applications and websites. Its goal is to facilitate the design of software that is both useful and easy to use. To achieve this, you must characterise users’ requirements, design suitable interactions to meet their needs, and test your designs using prototypes and real life scenarios.
For bioinformatics, there is little practical information available regarding how to carry out UCD in practice. To address this we describe a complete, multi-stage UCD process used for creating a new bioinformatics resource for integrating enzyme information, called the Enzyme Portal (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/enzymeportal). This freely-available service mines and displays data about proteins with enzymatic activity from public repositories via a single search, and includes biochemical reactions, biological pathways, small molecule chemistry, disease information, 3D protein structures and relevant scientific literature.
We employed several UCD techniques, including: persona development, interviews, ‘canvas sort’ card sorting, user workflows, usability testing and others. Our hope is that this case study will motivate the reader to apply similar UCD approaches to their own software design for bioinformatics. Indeed, we found the benefits included more effective decision-making for design ideas and technologies; enhanced team-working and communication; cost effectiveness; and ultimately a service that more closely meets the needs of our target audience.
Overexpression of the transcription factor RAP2.6 leads to enhanced callose deposition in syncytia and enhanced resistance against the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtiiin Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Ali Muhammad Amjad , Abbas Amjad , Kreil David P , Bohlmann Holger 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Cyst nematodes invade the roots of their host plants as second stage juveniles and induce a syncytium which is their source of nutrients throughout their life. A transcriptome analysis of syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis roots has shown that gene expression in the syncytium is different from that of the root with thousands of genes upregulated or downregulated. Among the downregulated genes are many which code for defense-related proteins. One gene which is strongly downregulated codes for the ethylene response transcription factor RAP2.6. The genome of Arabidopsis contains 122 ERF transcription factor genes which are involved in a variety of developmental and stress responses.

Results
Expression of RAP2.6 was studied with RT-PCR and a promoter::GUS line. During normal growth conditions the gene was expressed especially in roots and stems. It was inducible by Pseudomonas syringae but downregulated in syncytia from a very early time point on. Overexpression of the gene enhanced the resistance against H. schachtii which was seen by a lower number of nematodes developing on these plants as well as smaller syncytia and smaller female nematodes. A T-DNA mutant had a reduced RAP2.6 transcript level but this did not further increase the susceptibility against H. schachtii. Neither overexpression lines nor mutants had an effect on P. syringae. Overexpression of RAP2.6 led to an elevated expression of JA-responsive genes during early time points after infection by H. schachtii. Syncytia developing on overexpression lines showed enhanced deposition of callose.

Conclusions
Our results showed that H. schachtii infection is accompanied by a downregulation of RAP2.6. It seems likely that the nematodes use effectors to actively downregulate the expression of this and other defense-related genes to avoid resistance responses of the host plant. Enhanced resistance of RAP2.6 overexpression lines seemed to be due to enhanced callose deposition at syncytia which might interfere with nutrient import into syncytia.
Effects of Δ40p53, an isoform of p53 lacking the N-terminus, on transactivation capacity of the tumor suppressor protein p53
Authors: Hafsi Hind , Santos-Silva Daniela , Courtois-Cox Stéphanie , Hainaut Pierre 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The p53 protein is expressed as multiple isoforms that differ in their N- and C-terminus due to alternative splicing, promoter or codon initiation usage. Δ40p53 lacks the first 39 residues containing the main transcriptional activation domain, resulting from initiation of translation at AUG +40 in fully spliced p53 mRNA or in a specific variant mRNA retaining intron 2. Overexpression of Δ40p53 antagonizes wild-type p53 in vitro. However, animal models of Δ40p53 in mouse or Zebrafish have shown complex phenotypes suggestive of p53-dependent growth suppressive effects.

Methods
We have co-transfected expression vectors for p53 and Δ40p53 in p53-null cell lines Saos-2 and H1299 to show that Δ40p53 forms mixed oligomers with p53 that bind to DNA and modulate the transcription of a generic p53-dependent reporter gene.

Results
In H1299 cells, co-expression of the two proteins induced a decrease in transcription with amplitude that depended upon the predicted composition of the hetero-tetramer. In Saos-2, a paradoxical effect was observed, with a small increase in activity for hetero-tetramers predicted to contain 1 or 2 monomers of Δ40p53 and a decrease at higher Δ40p53/p53 ratios. In this cell line, co-transfection of Δ40p53 prevented Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53.

Conclusion
Δ40p53 modulates transcriptional activity by interfering with the binding of Hdm2 to hetero-tetramers containing both Δ40p53 and p53. These results provide a basis for growth suppressive effects in animal models co-expressing roughly similar levels of p53 and Δ40p53.
Monitoring post mortem changes in porcine muscle through 2-D DIGE proteome analysis of Longissimus muscle exudate
Authors: Di Luca Alessio , Elia Giuliano , Mullen Anne Maria , Hamill Ruth M 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Meat quality is a complex trait influenced by a range of factors with post mortem biochemical processes highly influential in defining ultimate quality. High resolution two-dimensional DIfference Gel Electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and Western blot were applied to study the influence of post mortem meat ageing on the proteome of pork muscle. Exudate collected from the muscle following centrifugation was analysed at three timepoints representing a seven day meat ageing period.

Results
The intensity of 136 spots varied significantly (p < 0.05) across this post mortem period and 40 spots were identified using mass spectrometry. The main functional categories represented were metabolic proteins, stress-related proteins, transport and structural proteins. Metabolic and structural proteins were generally observed to increase in abundance post mortem and many likely represent the accumulation of the degradation products of proteolytic enzyme activity. In contrast, stress-related proteins broadly decreased in abundance across the ageing period. Stress response proteins have protective roles in maintaining cellular integrity and a decline in their abundance over time may correlate with a reduction in cellular integrity and the onset of meat ageing. Since cellular conditions alter with muscle ageing, changes in solubility may also contribute to observed abundance profiles.

Conclusions
Muscle exudate provided valuable information about the pathways and processes underlying the post mortem ageing period, highlighting the importance of post mortem modification of proteins and their interaction for the development of meat quality traits.
Au/Pd core-shell nanoparticles with varied hollow Au cores for enhanced formic acid oxidation
Authors: Hsu Chiajen , Huang Chienwen , Hao Yaowu , Liu Fuqiang 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A facile method has been developed to synthesize Au/Pd core-shell nanoparticles via galvanic replacement of Cu by Pd on hollow Au nanospheres. The unique nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. When the concentration of the Au solution was decreased, grain size of the polycrystalline hollow Au nanospheres was reduced, and the structures became highly porous. After the Pd shell formed on these Au nanospheres, the morphology and structure of the Au/Pd nanoparticles varied and hence significantly affected the catalytic properties. The Au/Pd nanoparticles synthesized with reduced Au concentrations showed higher formic acid oxidation activity (0.93 mA cm-2 at 0.3 V) than the commercial Pd black (0.85 mA cm-2 at 0.3 V), suggesting a promising candidate as fuel cell catalysts. In addition, the Au/Pd nanoparticles displayed lower CO-stripping potential, improved stability, and higher durability compared to the Pd black due to their unique core-shell structures tuned by Au core morphologies.