bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hopping out of Mindanao: Miocene‐Pliocene geological processes and cross‐island dispersal as major drivers of diversity for Philippine treehoppers
Authors: Su Yong‐Chao , Wang Jo‐Fan , Villanueva Reagan Joseph T. , Nuñeza Olga M. , Lin Chung‐Ping 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimWe investigated the biogeographical history of an endemic Philippine treehopper, Pyrgonota bifoliata (Membracidae), to test the effect of Neogene geological events and Pleistocene climate change in generating speciation within the Philippines.LocationThe Philippine archipelago.MethodsPhylogenies were reconstructed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I subunit (cox1) and nuclear wingless (wg) genes using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian criteria. Divergence times were estimated in beast based on a range of mutation rates. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed using rasp (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies) and Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS). Species boundaries were tested using the Bayesian general mixed Yule coalescent (bGMYC) and Bayesian phylogenetic and phylogeography (BPP) methods.ResultsPyrgonota bifoliata showed one of the lowest levels of between‐Pleistocene island genetic variation among all the taxa examined. Most Pleistocene aggregate island complex (PAIC) lineages and extant P. bifoliata originated before the onset of the first extensive Pleistocene glacial cycle. Ancestral P. bifoliata originated in the late Miocene from Mindanao, followed by a sequential northwards colonization of the Visayan Islands and Luzon in the Pliocene–early Pleistocene, which coincided with the spatial reorganization of the Philippines. The statistically delimited nine provisional species of what we now view as the P. bifoliata species complex correspond to current island boundaries and specialized host plants.Main conclusionsThe temporally calibrated phylogeny of P. bifoliata represents the first invertebrate study to support the hypothesis that Miocene–Pliocene geological events and consequent cross‐island dispersal were pivotal promoters of species diversity in the Philippines. We hypothesize that ecological adaptation to specialized host plants, together with either local selection or genetic drift through within‐island allopatric isolation, present a plausible in situ speciation mechanism for the origin of these herbivorous insects.
The prospective study of autotransplanted severely impacted developing premolars: periodontal status and the long‐term outcome
Authors: Plakwicz Paweł , Czochrowska Ewa Monika 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimsTo determine the periodontal status and long‐term outcomes of the surgical treatment of severely impacted developing premolars.Materials and MethodsNine impacted and adversely angulated second premolars (four maxillary and five mandibular) were autotransplanted from their initial position to the ideal position within the arches (trans‐alveolar autotransplantation). The mean age of patients at the time of the surgery was 13 years and 9 months (from 11 years and 5 months to 17 years) and the mean observation period was 5 years (from 2 to 8 years and 6 months). Naturally erupted, contralateral premolars in the same patients were used for comparison.ResultsThe survival and success were 100%. Autotransplanted premolars did not differ statistically from their controls, except for having a wider zone of keratinized gingiva (mean difference 0.625 mm), increased probing depths (from 0.04 to 0.49 mm depending on the probing location), pulp canal obliteration and a slightly higher crown‐to‐root ratio (C/R = 0.71 for transplanted teeth and C/R = 0.6 for control teeth respectively).ConclusionsTrans‐alveolar transplantation of severely impacted and adversely angulated developing premolars is a viable treatment option and an attractive alternative to other treatment modalities.
Effective oral health in infective endocarditis: efficacy of high‐street mouthwashes against the viridans group streptococci
Authors: Elshibly Ahmed , Coulter Wilson A. , Millar Beverley Cherie , Prendergast Bernard D. , Thornhill Martin , Irwin Christopher , Goldsmith Colin E. , Moore John E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimRecent UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines state that there is no longer a need for oral antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing dental procedures who are at risk of infective endocarditis (IE), and advocate the importance of maintaining good oral health. As viridans group streptococci (VGS) are common etiological agents of IE and inhabitants of the mouth, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of common high‐street mouthwashes against four classes of VGS organisms (salivarius, mitis, anginosus, and mutans groupings).MethodsThe survival of VGS, Streptococcus gordonii (National Collection of Type Cultures [NCTC] 7865), Streptococcus intermedius (NCTC 11324), Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10449), Streptococcus oralis (NCTC 11427), Streptococcus pneumoniae (NCTC 7465, NCTC 7978, & American Type Culture Collection 49619) and Streptococcus salivarius (NCTC 8618) was assessed in vitro following treatment of approximately 107 c.f.u. in planktonic state with four mouthwashes.ResultsNo organisms were culturable following 1‐min exposure, and were not recovered following non‐selective enrichment following incubation in Brain Heart Infusion broth supplemented with 0.8% (w/v) yeast extract.ConclusionsThese data indicate that such mouthwashes are able to completely kill VGS organisms tested in planktonic solution, where their use would promote good oral hygiene in patients at risk of IE.
Periodontal ligament stem cells: an update and perspectives
Authors: Chamila Prageeth Pandula P.K. , Samaranayake L.P. , Jin L.J. , Zhang Chengfei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChronic periodontitis is a serious infectious and inflammatory oral disease of humans worldwide. Conventional treatment modalities are effective for controlling periodontal disease. However, the regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues remains a major challenge in clinical practice due to the complex structure of the periodontium. Stem cell‐based regenerative approaches combined with the usage of emerging biomaterials are entering a new era in periodontal regeneration. The present review updates the current knowledge of periodontal ligament stem cell‐based approaches for periodontal regeneration, and elaborates on the potentials for clinical application.
Stable over‐expression of the 2‐oxoglutarate carrier enhances neuronal cell resistance to oxidative stress via Bcl‐2‐dependent mitochondrial GSH transport
Authors: Wilkins Heather M. , Brock Samantha , Gray Josie J. , Linseman Daniel A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMitochondrial glutathione (GSH) is a key endogenous antioxidant and its maintenance is critical for cell survival. Here, we generated stable NSC34 motor neuron‐like cell lines over‐expressing the mitochondrial GSH transporter, the 2‐oxoglutarate carrier (OGC), to further elucidate the importance of mitochondrial GSH transport in determining neuronal resistance to oxidative stress. Two stable OGC cell lines displayed specific increases in mitochondrial GSH content and resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stressors, but not staurosporine. Inhibition of transport through OGC reduced levels of mitochondrial GSH and resensitized the stable cell lines to oxidative stress. The stable OGC cell lines displayed significant up‐regulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2). This result was reproduced in parental NSC34 cells by chronic treatment with GSH monoethylester, which specifically increased mitochondrial GSH levels. Knockdown of Bcl‐2 expression decreased mitochondrial GSH and resensitized the stable OGC cells to oxidative stress. Finally, endogenous OGC was co‐immunoprecipitated with Bcl‐2 from rat brain lysates in a GSH‐dependent manner. These data are the first to show that increased mitochondrial GSH transport is sufficient to enhance neuronal resistance to oxidative stress. Moreover, sustained and specific enhancement of mitochondrial GSH leads to increased Bcl‐2 expression, a required mechanism for the maintenance of increased mitochondrial GSH levels.
imageStable over‐expression of the 2‐oxoglutarate carrier (OGC) in a motor neuronal cell line induced a specific increase in mitochondrial GSH and markedly enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. Over‐expression of OGC also induced Bcl‐2 expression which was owing to the specific increase in mitochondrial GSH. Intriguingly, enhanced expression of Bcl‐2 was required to sustain OGC‐dependent GSH transport into the mitochondria. Thus, OGC and Bcl‐2 work in a concerted manner to maintain the mitochondrial GSH pool which is crucial for neuronal survival.
Inhibition of P‐glycoprotein by psychotherapeutic drugs in a canine cell model
Authors: Schrickx J. A. , Fink‐Gremmels J. 
Published: March 2014

Drug–drug interactions related to long‐term therapies are of increasing concern. Psychotherapeutic drugs, licensed for the use in dogs for the management of separation anxiety and other behavioural disorders, are examples of drugs used in long‐term therapies. In an in vitro system with canine P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expressing cell lines, three psychotherapeutic drugs with a different mode of action were tested for their ability to inhibit the canine multidrug transporter P‐gp. At 10 μm, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine and the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine inhibited P‐gp for 41% and 59%, respectively. In contrast, selegeline did not inhibit the function of the canine P‐gp.
Optimizing the Alignment of Inspection Data from Track Geometry Cars
Authors: Xu Peng , Sun Quanxin , Liu Rengkui , Souleyrette Reginald R. , Wang Futian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTrack geometry car inspections play a vital role in assessing railroad track quality and scheduling track maintenance. Effective use of inspection data depends on accurate location measurement. Field surveys reveal that measured milepoint positions can be off by up to 200 m. Previous efforts to correct milepoint errors resulted in the development of the Key Equipment Identification model, which reduces errors to below 5 m and in most cases to below 1 m for new inspections. However, analysis of track segment deterioration requires the alignment of historical inspection data. This article presents an improved method for aligning these historical inspections. The core of the approach is an optimization model termed Dynamic Sampling Position Matching (DSPM). DSPM overcomes limitations of existing methods and their assumptions that milepoint shifts between inspections are constant and that no track maintenance is carried out between inspections. A case study is presented using inspection data from the Jinan Bureau of China Railways demonstrating improved performance over two widely used inspection alignment models. Results indicate that DSPM better tolerates noisy measurements and that inspections processed by DSPM align precisely. And it takes the developed model 2.82 seconds on average to align inspection data for a track segment of 1 km.
Reversible non‐genetic phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial quorum sensing
Authors: Pradhan Binod B. , Chatterjee Subhadeep 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBacteria co‐ordinate their social behaviour in a density‐dependent manner by production of diffusible signal molecules by a process known as quorum sensing (QS). It is generally assumed that in homogenous environments and at high cell density, QS synchronizes cells in the population to perform collective social tasks in unison which maximize the benefit at the inclusive fitness of individuals. However, evolutionary theory predicts that maintaining phenotypic heterogeneity in performing social tasks is advantageous as it can serve as a bet‐hedging survival strategy. Using Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris as model organisms, which use two diverse classes of QS signals, we show that two distinct subpopulations of QS‐responsive and non‐responsive cells exist in the QS‐activated population. Addition of excess exogenous QS signal does not significantly alter the distribution of QS‐responsive and non‐responsive cells in the population. We further show that progeny of cells derived from these subpopulations also exhibited heterogeneous distribution patterns similar to their respective parental strains. Overall, these results support the model that bacteria maintain QS‐responsive and non‐responsive subpopulations at high cell densities in a bet‐hedging strategy to simultaneously perform functions that are both positively and negatively regulated by QS to improve their fitness in fluctuating environments.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic inferences of Dermanyssus gallinae isolates in Italy within an European framework
Authors: MARANGI M. , CANTACESSI C. , SPARAGANO O. A. E. , CAMARDA A. , GIANGASPERO A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn order to investigate the genetic relationships between Dermanyssus gallinae (Metastigmata: Dermanyssidae) (de Geer) isolates from poultry farms in Italy and other European countries, phylogenetic analysis was performed using a portion of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of the mitochondrial DNA and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA. A total of 360 cox1 sequences and 360 ITS+ sequences were obtained from mites collected on 24 different poultry farms in 10 different regions of Northern and Southern Italy. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 sequences resulted in the clustering of two groups (A and B), whereas phylogenetic analysis of the ITS+ resulted in largely unresolved clusters. Knowledge of the genetic make‐up of mite populations within countries, together with comparative analyses of D. gallinae isolates from different countries, will provide better understanding of the population dynamics of D. gallinae. This will also allow the identification of genetic markers of emerging acaricide resistance and the development of alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of infestations.
Seasonal transfer of oxygen isotopes from precipitation and soil to the tree ring: source water versus needle water enrichment
Authors: Treydte Kerstin , Boda Sonja , Graf Pannatier Elisabeth , Fonti Patrick , Frank David , Ullrich Bastian , Saurer Matthias , Siegwolf Rolf , Battipaglia Giovanna , Werner Willy , Gessler Arthur 
Published: March 2014

Summary

For accurate interpretation of oxygen isotopes in tree rings (δ18O), it is necessary to disentangle the mechanisms underlying the variations in the tree's internal water cycle and to understand the transfer of source versus leaf water δ18O to phloem sugars and stem wood.

We studied the seasonal transfer of oxygen isotopes from precipitation and soil water through the xylem, needles and phloem to the tree rings of Larix decidua at two alpine sites in the Lötschental (Switzerland). Weekly resolved δ18O records of precipitation, soil water, xylem and needle water, phloem organic matter and tree rings were developed.

Week‐to‐week variations in needle‐water 18O enrichment were strongly controlled by weather conditions during the growing season. These short‐term variations were, however, not significantly fingerprinted in tree‐ring δ18O. Instead, seasonal trends in tree‐ring δ18O predominantly mirrored trends in the source water, including recent precipitation and soil water pools. Modelling results support these findings: seasonal tree‐ring δ18O variations are captured best when the week‐to‐week variations of the leaf water signal are suppressed.

Our results suggest that climate signals in tree‐ring δ18O variations should be strongest at temperate sites with humid conditions and precipitation maxima during the growing season.
Varieties of Market Competition in Public Employment Services – A Comparison of the Emergence and Evolution of the New System in Australia, the Netherlands and Belgium
Authors: Struyven Ludo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article deals with the evolution of a quasi‐market system in the employment services in three countries: Australia, the Netherlands and Belgium. Based on an in‐depth analysis of the reform process over the past two decades, we arrive at the observation that Australia and the Netherlands, unlike Belgium, make comparable choices when restructuring this policy domain, although their context of a welfare state is different. Second, the new structures in those countries which have made the same choices are seen to evolve differently after only a short period of time. This article argues that no convergence towards the same competitive market model is to be found. It provides an institutional explanation by tracing elements of a new system logic which entered the existing structure, and identifying change mechanisms which generate a cumulative process of smaller changes.
Support for All in the UK Work Programme? Differential Payments, Same Old Problem
Authors: Rees James , Whitworth Adam , Carter Elle 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe UK has been a high profile policy innovator in welfare‐to‐work provision which has led in the Coalition government's Work Programme to a fully outsourced, ‘black box’ model with payments based overwhelmingly on job outcome results. A perennial fear in such programmes is providers' incentives to ‘cream’ and ‘park’ claimants, and the Department for Work and Pensions has sought to mitigate such provider behaviours through Work Programme design, particularly via the use of claimant groups and differential pricing. In this article, we draw on a qualitative study of providers in the programme alongside quantitative analysis of published performance data to explore evidence around creaming and parking. The combination of the quantitative and qualitative evidence suggest that creaming and parking are widespread, seem systematically embedded within the Work Programme, and are driven by a combination of intense cost‐pressures and extremely ambitious performance targets alongside overly diverse claimant groups and inadequately calibrated differentiated payment levels.
Broken Hierarchies, Quasi‐markets and Supported Networks – A Governance Experiment in the Second Tier of Germany's Public Employment Service
Authors: Knuth Matthias 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFrom 2005 to 2015, the German government implemented a special programme for jobseekers aged 50 plus and receiving minimum income benefits. Descriptive comparisons and econometric evaluation indicate that this programme was more effective and cost‐efficient than the German jobcentres' standard operations. However, our evaluation did not ascertain any particular instrument or technique which would explain this accomplishment. Rather, the formula for success appears to be hidden in the governance and design of the programme which differed markedly from routine support. Network‐type governance mechanisms as applied in this programme appear to have served as an expedient in circumstances where hierarchical steering is no longer feasible. This article explains how the governance dilemma of the German Public Employment Service's ‘second tier’ (serving recipients of minimum income benefits) probably triggered the innovative approach so successfully pursued in the programme under consideration. The analysis is concluded by proposing some conceptual clarifications for the long‐standing debate about hierarchies/bureaucracies, markets and networks in the governance of welfare programmes.
Characterization of facial skin of various Asian populations through visual and non‐invasive instrumental evaluations: influence of seasons
Authors: Galzote C. , Estanislao R. , Suero M. O. , Khaiat A. , Mangubat M. I. , Moideen R. , Tagami H. , Wang X. 
Published: March 2014

Background/purposeThis multicenter study assessed the impact of two types of extreme seasons (i.e. summer and winter) on the facial skin of female subjects living in different regions of Asia.MethodsFacial skin of female subjects of various Asian ethnicities was characterized during summer and winter using dermatological assessments of the cheek and instrumental evaluations of the forehead and cheek. Approximately, 100 female subjects each from five cities in Asia (Harbin and Shanghai in China; New Delhi, India; Seoul, South Korea; and Sendai, Japan) ranging in age from 14 to 75 years were included in this study.ResultsDermatologist assessments revealed a general decrease in severity of roughness, wrinkles, pigmentation, and lentigines during winter compared with summer. Instrumental assessments revealed significant differences in various parameters in winter vs. summer such as reductions in melanin index and skin surface hydration, and increases in transepidermal water loss, skin pH, redness, and sebum production.ConclusionFacial skin in female subjects living in different Asian cities exhibited a wide range of changes and worsening of various biophysical parameters in response to the low temperature and humidity during the winter season as compared with summer.
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and 3, 5, 6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol by a novel rhizobial strain Mesorhizobium sp. HN3
Authors: Jabeen Hina , Iqbal Samina , Anwar Samina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA chlorpyrifos (CP) and 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (TCP) degrading bacterial strain, Mesorhizobium sp. HN3, was isolated and characterized. Mesorhizobium sp. HN3 degraded CP efficiently up to 400 mg/L initial concentration at wide range of temperatures (30–40°C) and pH (6.0–8.0). However, optimal degradation of CP was achieved at 37°C and neutral pH (7.0) at an initial inoculum density 2 × 107 colony forming unit/mL of culture medium. Kinetic parameters for CP degradation by Mesorhizobium sp. HN3 were estimated at different initial concentrations. Cultures exhibited significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) in the specific growth rate (μ), cell mass formation rate (QX) and the substrate uptake rate (QS) during degradation of CP. The values of kinetic parameters increased up to 100 mg/L CP and decreased at higher concentration. Investigation of degradation metabolites indicated that CP is converted to diethylthiophosphate and TCP that leads to the formation of 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐methoxypyridine.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain M0605, Which Causes Severe Mortalities of Shrimps in Mexico
Authors: Gomez-Gil Bruno , Soto-Rodríguez Sonia , Lozano Rodolfo , Betancourt-Lozano Miguel 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), also known as early mortality syndrome (EMS), causes high mortalities in cultured shrimps in Asia (L. Tran et al., Dis. Aquat. Organ. 105:45–55, 2013,
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02621
). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of one Mexican strain of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
that causes similar clinical signs in diseased shrimps.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates VRFPA06 and VRFPA08 with VRFPA07
Authors: Murugan Nandagopal , Malathi Jambulingam , Umashankar Vetrivel , Madhavan Hajib Narahari Rao 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates harboring acquired drug-resistant genes lead to increased mortality. Here, we have sequenced and annotated the genomes of two multidrug-resistant (MDR)
P. aeruginosa
isolates and a susceptible
P. aeruginosa
clinical isolate evidencing divergent antibiotic susceptibilities. Genomic analysis showed insight on the different genomic strategies adapted by
P. aeruginosa
to combat antimicrobial effects.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Carrageenan-Degrading Bacterium
Cellulophaga
sp. Strain KL-A, Isolated from Decaying Marine Algae
Authors: Shan Dapeng , Ying Jianxi , Li Xu , Gao Zheng , Wei Guangshan , Shao Zongze 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Cellulophaga
sp. strain KL-A, isolated from decaying marine algae, is able to degrade iota-carrageenan. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Cellulophaga
sp. strain KL-A.