bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Tragwerke – Aktuelle Forschungen im Ultraleichtbau
Authors: Neuhäuser Stefan , Haase Walter , Weickgenannt Martin , Sawodny Oliver 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIm Hinblick auf die nachhaltige Gestaltung der gebauten Umwelt ist die Optimierung und Gewichtsminimierung tragender Konstruktionen ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld. Das Konzept der adaptiven Tragwerke bietet hier einen neuen Ansatz. Die Eigenschaft, auf veränderliche Beanspruchungen zu reagieren, birgt erhebliche Potentiale hinsichtlich der Leistungssteigerung von Tragkonstruktionen. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten im Bereich adaptiver Tragstrukturen dar. Dabei erfolgt zunächst eine Darstellung der Grundkonzepte adaptiver Systeme. Anschließend wird ein kurzer Überblick über die allgemeine Entwicklung adaptiver Tragwerke im Bauwesen gegeben. Aufbauend darauf werden Ergebnisse aktueller Arbeiten im Bereich der Adaptivität bei Schalentragwerken präsentiert. Die Untersuchungen belegen erfolgreich die Potentiale der Adaptivität hinsichtlich der Minimierung auftretender Bauteilbeanspruchungen und der aktiven Kompensation von Schwingungen. Abschließend werden in diesem Bericht weiterführende Untersuchungen dargestellt.Adaptive structures – Current research in the field of ultra lightweight structures. In light of the importance of sustainability in the built environment, the optimization and weight minimization of structural systems is an important field of research. In this context, the concept of adaptive structures offers a new approach. The ability to react to variable loading conditions offers the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of load carrying systems. This paper presents current research in the field of adaptive structures. The basic concepts of adaptive systems are described, followed by a brief review of the general development of adaptive structures in civil engineering. Results of current investigations into adaptive shell structures are then presented. These investigations successfully demonstrate the potential of adaptive structures, both with respect to minimization of stresses in the structural components as well as to active damping of vibrations. The paper concludes with an overview of future research areas.
First‐trimester assessment of nasal bone using retronasal triangle view: a prospective study
Authors: Adiego B. , Martinez‐Ten P. , Illescas T. , Bermejo C. , Sepulveda W. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the feasibility and accuracy of fetal nasal bone (NB) assessment in the retronasal triangle (RNT) view for aneuploidy screening in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsConsecutive women with singleton pregnancies undergoing sonographic screening at 11–13 weeks' gestation were prospectively evaluated. In all cases, assessment of the NB by using the RNT view was attempted and classified as present (if one or both of the NBs were clearly seen) or absent/hypoplastic (if the NB was not visualized or if it was small and less echogenic than the surrounding bones). The detection rate of fetal karyotypic abnormalities by the assessment of the NB in the RNT view was calculated.ResultsIn total, 1977 women were scanned. The RNT was successfully examined in 1970 fetuses (99.6%). Fetal outcome was available in 1767 (89.7%) of evaluated cases, and of these, 39 (2.2%) cases of aneuploidy were documented (trisomy 21, n = 17; trisomy 18, n = 8; trisomy 13, n = 5; Turner syndrome, n = 5; and triploidy, n = 4). The prevalence of absent/hypoplastic NB was 12/1728 (0.7%) in chromosomally normal fetuses and 12/17 (70.6%) in trisomy 21 fetuses. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of absent/hypoplastic NB for trisomy 21 were 70.6%, 99.3%, 50.0% and 99.7%, respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios of NB assessment were 101 (95% CI, 53–193) and 0.3 (95% CI, 0.14–0.62), respectively.ConclusionsThe RNT view is a useful technique for assessing the NB during the first trimester of pregnancy. With this new approach, performance of absent/hypoplastic NB as a marker of aneuploidy, mainly trisomy 21, appears to be similar to that previously reported by using the mid‐sagittal plane. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Finite Elemente Methode (FEM) Analyse in der Vakuummechanik
Authors: Bauer René , Wolfgramm Stephan , Flämmich Michael , Bergner Ute 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) ist als Standardwerkzeug zur Festkörpersimulation in den Ingenieurwissenschaften etabliert. Moderne FEM‐Programme ermöglichen in Verbindung mit einem CAD‐System schon in der virtuellen Entwicklungsphase ein für die spätere Anwendung optimiertes Design mechanischer Systeme. In der Vakuummechanik befähigt FEM den Konstrukteur, Vakuumbehälter auf spezifische mechanische und thermische Eigenschaften anzupassen. Der Einsatz der im Vakuumbehälterbau noch wenig verbreiteten, im UHV / XHV jedoch äußerst vorteilhaften Aluminiumwerkstoffe wird mittels FEM anwendungssicher erschlossen. Bei der Neu‐ und Weiterentwicklung von Vakuumflanschsystemen trägt die FEM wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Funktionsweise bei, woraus Montageparameter und zulässige Betriebsbedingungen abgeleitet werden können.Der vorliegende Artikel gibt Einblick in die grundlegenden Prinzipien einer FEM‐Analyse und zeigt die Vorgehensweise an praktischen Beispielen aus der Vakuummechanik.
Merrifield and Wang Resins Functionalized with Bidentate Amines: Useful Materials to Support Reducing Complexes and as Alkali Metal Sensors
Authors: Aguilar‐Martínez Milagros , Vargas‐Durazo Judas , Ochoa‐Lara Karen L. , Santacruz‐Ortega Hisila , Gálvez‐Ruiz Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEight chelating resins were synthesized in high yields by supporting 2‐aminomethylpyridine, 2,2′‐dipyridylamine, 1,2‐phenylenediamine and 1,2‐ethylenediamine on Merrifield and Wang resins, respectively. These resins were used both as support of reducing complexes and as alkali metal sensors. 16 stable and easy to prepare reducing complexes, derived from the chelating resins and LiBH4 and NaBH4, were prepared in good yields. These complexes showed chemoselectivity to reduce aldehydes in a low molar ratio and short time reactions. The fluorescence‐sensing behavior of the chelating resins for alkali metal was studied. The fluorescence response of the materials where 1, 2‐phenylenediamine is supported on Merrifield and Wang resins indicate that they behave as sensors for Li+and K+, respectively.
Revealing storage-area relationship of open water in ungauged subalpine wetland — Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Jie , Hu Jin-ming , Deng Wei , Huang Sheng-li , Jia Hai-feng , Zhu Chun-ling , Luo Huai-xiu 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Mountains and plateaus in Southwest China contain many subalpine and alpine wetlands, with significant hydroecological functions. But ungauged or poorly gauged conditions limit the study and understanding of hydrological regimes of these wetland types. This study selects an ungauged subalpine wetland — Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China — as a case for developing a practical approach to revealing its storage-area relationship of open water. A Trimble R8 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellites Systems) RTK (Real-time Kinematic system) and sonar fathometer were used to survey fine-resolution elevation data and generate a digital elevation model of the Napahai Wetland. Forty-four Landsat images from 1987 to 2011 were collected, and the Normalized Difference Water Index was used to classify open water features in the area. The area of open water in Napahai was calculated for each phase. With these data and a developed conceptual model, the storage of open water for each phase was estimated using ArcGIS tools. Both storage and area of open water showed significant intra-annual and inter-annual variations. In the rainy season, the monthly change of average storage of open water in Napahai showed about 1–2 months lag behind mean monthly rainfall. The storage-area relationship of open water was well fit by a power function equation (R
2≈0.91, n=44). This study indicates that if detailed elevations are available for similarly ungauged subalpine wetlands in Southwest China, researchers can use this practical approach to estimate multi-temporal areas and storages and reveal the storage-area relationship of open water in the wetlands. The study provided valuable information of this case wetland for optimizing its hydro-ecological managements and a new method to wetland researchers and managers for the hydrological study of similarly ungauged wetland complex.
Actions of discrete groups on stationary Lorentz manifolds
Authors: PICCIONE PAOLO , ZEGHIB ABDELGHANI 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe study the geometry of compact Lorentzian manifolds that admit a somewhere timelike Killing vector field, and whose isometry group has infinitely many connected components. Up to a finite cover, such manifolds are products (or amalgamated products) of a flat Lorentzian torus and a compact Riemannian (respectively, lightlike) manifold.
Adivasis, Maoists and Insurgency in the Central Indian Tribal Belt
Authors: Kennedy Jonathan , King Lawrence 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMaoist insurgent or Naxalite activity has expanded markedly in India over the past three decades, especially in the central tribal belt. This paper first uses a unique, district-level dataset to demonstrate that insurgency does not, as is widely argued, occur where tribals or Adivasis have been dispossessed of their land and forced to work as landless labourers. Rather, insurgent activity is most likely to take place in areas where Adivasis retain control of their land. The second part is an in-depth analysis of the Dantewara district. It shows that the Adivasis’ grievances are intimately related to the colonial encounter and neo-colonial state’s desire to control forests and forest resources. While the insurgent leaders are non-Adivasis, they strive to frame the insurgency in terms that are meaningful to Adivasis, and to provide a combination of collective and selective incentives. Nevertheless, some Adivasis oppose the insurgency because it undermines their status, while others do so because of short-term processes operating during the course of the insurgency. A syncretic theoretical approach, which concentrates on the complex and dynamic relationship between insurgents and their support base, and includes insights from Marxian, Weberian and Durkheimian theory, is best suited to explaining Adivasis’ involvement in the insurgency.
A career in phonetics, applied linguistics and the public service
Authors: Little David , King Lid 
Published: June 2013

As this issue was in preparation, the journal learned with great regret of the passing of John Trim. John was a long-serving member of the Language Teaching Board and his insight and advice proved invaluable for this and previous editors. An expert in the field of phonetics, linguistics, language didactics and policy, John worked tirelessly to improve the state of language teaching throughout his life. Among his key posts, he was director of the Council of Europe's Modern Languages Projects from 1971 to 1997 and supervised significant developments in language learning and teaching, including the Threshold Level and the Common European Framework of Reference.As a tribute to the man and his work, we are publishing in this and a subsequent issue one of the last interviews John gave, where he looks back with his customary perspicacity at one of the most exciting periods of change in the teaching and learning of foreign languages.
Forest fragmentation and edge effects on the genetic structure ofClusia sphaerocarpaandC. lechleri(Clusiaceae) in tropical montane forests
Authors: Quevedo Amira Apaza , Schleuning Matthias , Hensen Isabell , Saavedra Fransisco , Durka Walter 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:Fragmentation of tropical forests influences abiotic and biotic processes that affect the genetic structure of plant populations. In forest fragments, edge effects, i.e. changes of abiotic and biotic factors at forest edges, may be prevalent. In two forest fragments (c. 200 ha atc. 2450 m asl) of tropical montane forest in Bolivia, sympatric populations of the dioecious tree speciesClusia sphaerocarpaandC. lechleriwere used as case study species to compare genetic diversity and small-scale genetic structure (SGS) between edge and interior habitats. Eight microsatellite markers were employed to genotype 343 individuals including adults, juveniles and seedlings ofC. sphaerocarpaand 196 ofC. lechleri. Genetic differentiation was found between habitats in both species (ΦRT= 0.071 forC. sphaerocarpaand ΦRT= 0.028 forC. lechleri) and among ages inC. sphaerocarpa(ΦRT= 0.016). Overall, SGS was weak but significant with more pronounced SGS inC. lechleri(Sp= 0.0128) than inC. sphaerocarpa(Sp= 0.0073). However, positive spatial genetic autocorrelation extended only up to 10 m. ForC. sphaerocarpa, SGS was stronger in seedling and juvenile stages than in adults and in the forest interior than at forest edges. Our results show that edge effects can extend to the genetic level by breaking-up local genetic structures, probably due to increased gene flow and enhanced pollination and seed-dispersal interactions at forest edges.
BeCAS: biomedical concept recognition services and visualization
Authors: Nunes Tiago , Campos David , Matos Sérgio , Oliveira José Luís 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Summary: The continuous growth of the biomedical scientific literature has been motivating the development of text-mining tools able to efficiently process all this information. Although numerous domain-specific solutions are available, there is no web-based concept-recognition system that combines the ability to select multiple concept types to annotate, to reference external databases and to automatically annotate nested and intercepted concepts. BeCAS, the Biomedical Concept Annotation System, is an API for biomedical concept identification and a web-based tool that addresses these limitations. MEDLINE abstracts or free text can be annotated directly in the web interface, where identified concepts are enriched with links to reference databases. Using its customizable widget, it can also be used to augment external web pages with concept highlighting features. Furthermore, all text-processing and annotation features are made available through an HTTP REST API, allowing integration in any text-processing pipeline.
Availability: BeCAS is freely available for non-commercial use at http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/becas.
Contacts: tiago.nunes@ua.pt or jlo@ua.pt
Poles Apart? The Contestation between the Ideas of No Fault Dismissal and Unfair Dismissal for Protecting Job Security
Authors: Howe Joanna 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Unfair dismissal law has been the persistent subject of reform since its inception in Britain and Australia. This paper endeavours to identify the ideas and perceptions that have animated the contestations between traditional and emerging notions of unfair dismissal law producing this reform. In Britain in particular and to a lesser extent in Australia, there has been consideration of a new reform proposal of compensated no fault dismissal which would seek to challenge the normative ideal of industrial justice used to justify traditional unfair dismissal law. The primary arguments being used by proponents of the no fault dismissal proposal pertain to efficiency, simplicity and reducing regulatory burdens upon business. This paper questions whether these arguments provide a sufficient basis for replacing traditional unfair dismissal law with no fault dismissal, arguing that the latter relies upon a commodity conception of work that does not account for benefits other than the economic value which an individual receives from their job.
Plasticity influencing the light compensation point offsets the specialization for light niches across shrub species in a tropical forest understorey
Authors: Sterck Frank J. , Duursma Remko A. , Pearcy Robert W. , Valladares Fernando , Cieslak Mikolaj , Weemstra Monique 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Shade tolerance can be defined as the light level at which plants can survive and possibly grow. This light level is referred to as the whole‐plant light compensation point (LCP). The LCP depends on multiple leaf and architectural traits. We are still uncertain how often interspecific trait differences allow species to specialize for separate light niches, as observed between shade‐tolerant species and light‐demanding species. Alternatively, trait plasticity may allow many species to grow in similar light conditions.

We measured leaf and architectural traits of up to 1.5‐year‐old seedlings of 15 sympatric Psychotria shrub species grown at three light levels. We used a 3D plant model to estimate the impacts of leaf traits, architectural traits and plant size on the whole‐plant light compensation point (LCPplant). Plant growth rates were estimated from destructive harvests and allometric relationships.

At lower light levels, plants of all species achieved a lower leaf light compensation point (LCPleaf). The light interception efficiency (LIE), an index of self‐shading, decreased with increasing plant size and was therefore lower in high‐light treatments where plants grew more rapidly. When corrected for size, LIE was lower in the low‐light treatment, possibly as a result of lower investments in woody support. Species did not show trade‐offs in growth under low‐ and high‐light conditions, because species with the greatest plasticity in LCPplant and underlying traits (LCPleaf and LIE) achieved the highest growth rates at lower light levels.

Synthesis. The interspecific differences in LCPplant did not result in a growth or survival trade‐off between low‐ and high‐light conditions. Instead, these differences were more than offset by the greater plasticity in LCPplant in some species, which was driven by greater plasticity in both leaves and architecture. The most plastic species achieved the fastest growth at different light levels. The results show that plasticity largely neutralizes the separation of light niches amongst species in this forest understorey genus and imply that differential preferences of species for either gaps or forest understorey occur in later life phases or are driven by other stress factors than low light alone.
Neural plasticity and the Kennard principle: does it work for the preterm brain?
Authors: Bennet Laura , Van Den Heuij Lotte , M Dean Justin , Drury Paul , Wassink Guido , Jan Gunn Alistair 
Published: June 2013

Summary

The Kennard principle suggests that the immature brain should be more able to recover from injury than the more developed brain. Curiously, preterm infants continue to have a high rate of debilitating neurodevelopmental handicaps despite a progressive improvement in structural damage to the brain, from acute necrotic injury of the periventricular white matter, with axonal loss in historical cohorts, to diffuse gliosis with trivial axonal damage.

In the present review we examine recent evidence that disability after preterm birth is largely mediated by disturbed development of neuronal connections. Potential mechanisms include impaired white matter maturation associated with gliosis, suboptimal neuronal maturation, adverse effects of infection/inflammation on the cell environment, exposure to clinical therapies that modulate brain function (including maternal glucocorticoids), upregulation of physiological apoptosis and loss or misprogramming of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone.

These findings suggest that insults during this critical phase alter the trajectory of brain development and that a key focus of basic science and clinical research should be to understand neuronal connectivity, as well as the triggers of cell death.
MreB and MurG as scaffolds for the cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Authors: Favini‐Stabile Sandy , Contreras‐Martel Carlos , Thielens Nicole , Dessen Andréa 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPeptidoglycan is a major determinant of cell shape in bacteria, and its biosynthesis involves the concerted action of cytoplasmic, membrane‐associated and periplasmic enzymes. Within the cytoplasm, Mur enzymes catalyse the first steps leading to peptidoglycan precursor biosynthesis, and have been suggested as being part of a multicomponent complex that could also involve the transglycosylase MurG and the cytoskeletal protein MreB. In order to initialize the characterization of a potential Mur interaction network, we purified MurD, MurE, MurF, MurG and MreB from Thermotoga maritima and characterized their interactions using membrane blotting and surface plasmon resonance. MurD, MurE and MurF all recognize MurG and MreB, but not each other, while the two latter proteins interact. In addition, we solved the crystal structures of MurD, MurE and MurF, which indicate that their C‐termini display high conformational flexibilities. The differences in Mur conformations could be important parameters for the stability of an intracytoplasmic murein biosynthesis complex.
Worshipping Bodies: Affective Labour in the Hillsong Church
Authors: WADE MATTHEW , HYNES MARIA 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Australian megachurch, Hillsong, is as well known for its music and spectacle as it is for the content of its religious ideas. This is largely due, as Connell argues in his geography of Hillsong, to the peculiar mix of the theological and the modern that a highly globalised and mediatised context can today produce. This paper re‐examines the phenomenon of Hillsong through the theory of affect, which has gained notable analytical purchase in geography in recent years. More specifically, it uses the concept of ‘affective labour’ to analyse the specific ways in which bodies are put to work in the spaces of Hillsong worship. We demonstrate the way that Hillsong produces and mobilises affect in order to attain the collective experience of the spectacle, which is so crucial to Hillsong's visibility as a social phenomenon and also to its recruitment of the individual member into the logic and ethos of the church as a whole. We indicate the importance for the success of Hillsong of producing particular kinds of subject, namely, subjects who are at once comfortable, enthusiastic and loyal. By recruiting its followers as affective labourers towards a shared evangelical cause, the embodied and vaguely felt sense of potential of members is mobilised towards the spectacular phenomenon that is the Hillsong church.
Feasibility study for efficacy of group weight management programmes achieving therapeutic weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Farrer Olivia , Golley Rebecca 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of traditional diabetes and weight management advice to short‐term use of a very low calorie diet combined with traditional education in a group setting for people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA 12‐week, non‐randomised dietary intervention was used including a control and treatment group in a community setting targeting obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Participants attended a pilot programme aiming to lose 5–10% body weight. Main outcome measures included percentage weight loss, change in HbA1c and total cholesterol.ResultsAt 12 weeks more participants in the treatment group achieved significant weight loss of 5–10%, an average loss of 6.6 kg and a significant change in HbA1c (P = 0.017). Overall there was no significant changes in cholesterol for either group (P = 0.9).ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the feasibility for short‐term use of a very low‐calorie diet for medically significant change in weight and HbA1c in obese people with type 2 diabetes and could provide a realistic framework clinical management of weight in a group setting.