bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Targeting of Viral Components by CD4+versus CD8+T Lymphocytes in Dengue Virus Infection
Authors: Rivino Laura , Kumaran Emmanuelle A. P. , Jovanovic Vojislav , Nadua Karen , Teo En Wei , Pang Shyue Wei , Teo Guo Hui , Gan Victor Chih Hao , Lye David C. , Leo Yee Sin , Hanson Brendon J. , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Bertoletti Antonio , Kemeny David M. , MacAry Paul A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTDengue virus (DENV) is the principal arthropod-borne viral pathogen afflicting human populations. While repertoires of antibodies to DENV have been linked to protection or enhanced infection, the role of T lymphocytes in these processes remains poorly defined. This study provides a comprehensive overview of CD4+and CD8+T cell epitope reactivities against the DENV 2 proteome in adult patients experiencing secondary DENV infection. Dengue virus-specific T cell responses directed against an overlapping 15mer peptide library spanning the DENV 2 proteome were analyzedex vivoby enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay, and recognition of individual peptides was further characterized in specific T cell lines. Thirty novel T cell epitopes were identified, 9 of which are CD4+and 21 are CD8+T cell epitopes. We observe that whereas CD8+T cell epitopes preferentially target nonstructural proteins (NS3 and NS5), CD4+epitopes are skewed toward recognition of viral components that are also targeted by B lymphocytes (envelope, capsid, and NS1). Consistently, a large proportion of dengue virus-specific CD4+T cells have phenotypic characteristics of circulating follicular helper T cells (CXCR5 expression and production of interleukin-21 or gamma interferon), suggesting that they are interacting with B cellsin vivo. This study shows that during a dengue virus infection, the protein targets of human CD4+and CD8+T cells are largely distinct, thus highlighting key differences in the immunodominance of DENV proteins for these two cell types. This has important implications for our understanding of how the two arms of the human adaptive immune system are differentially targeted and employed as part of our response to DENV infection.
Antioxidant Treatment Regulates the Humoral Immune Response during Acute Viral Infection
Authors: Crump Katie E. , Langston P. Kent , Rajkarnikar Sujana , Grayson Jason M. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) following antigen receptor ligation is critical to promote cellular responses. However, the effect of antioxidant treatment on humoral immunity during a viral infection was unknown. Mice were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and treated with Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP), a superoxide dismutase mimetic, from days 0 to 8 postinfection. On day 8, at the peak of the splenic response in vehicle-treated mice, virus-specific IgM and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were decreased 22- and 457-fold in MnTBAP-treated animals. By day 38, LCMV-specific IgG ASC were decreased 5-fold in the bone marrow of drug-treated mice, and virus-specific antibodies were of lower affinity. Interestingly, antioxidant treatment had no effect on the number of LCMV-specific IgG memory B cells. In addition to decreases in ASC, MnTBAP treatment decreased the number of functional virus-specific CD4
+
T cells. The decreased numbers of ASC observed on day 8 in drug-treated mice were due to a combination of Bim-mediated cell death and decreased proliferation. Together, these data demonstrate that ROI regulate antiviral ASC expansion and have important implications for understanding the effects of antioxidants on humoral immunity during infection and immunization.
The influence of the food environment on overweight and obesity in young children: a systematic review
Authors: Osei-Assibey George , Dick Smita , Macdiarmid Jennie , Semple Sean , Reilly John J , Ellaway Anne , Cowie Hilary , McNeill Geraldine 
Published: December 2012

Background and objectiveThe increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has led to interest in its prevention, particularly through school-based and family-based interventions in the early years. Most evidence reviews, to date, have focused on individual behaviour change rather than the ‘obesogenic environment’.ObjectiveThis paper reviews the evidence on the influence of the food environment on overweight and obesity in children up to 8 years.Data sourcesElectronic databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR), DARE, CINAHL and Psycho-Info) and reference lists of original studies and reviews were searched for all papers published up to 31 August 2011.Study selectionStudy designs included were either population-based intervention studies or a longitudinal study. Studies were included if the majority of the children studied were under 9 years, if they related to diet and if they focused on prevention rather than treatment in clinical settings.Data extractionData included in the tables were characteristics of participants, aim, and key outcome results. Quality assessment of the selected studies was carried out to identify potential bias and an evidence ranking exercise carried out to prioritise areas for future public health interventions.Data synthesisThirty-five studies (twenty-five intervention studies and ten longitudinal studies) were selected for the review. There was moderately strong evidence to support interventions on food promotion, large portion sizes and sugar-sweetened soft drinks.ConclusionsReducing food promotion to young children, increasing the availability of smaller portions and providing alternatives to sugar-sweetened soft drinks should be considered in obesity prevention programmes aimed at younger children. These environment-level interventions would support individual and family-level behaviour change.
The Case of the Disappearing Blue Women: Understanding how Meaning is made in Desi Sangye Gyatso’s Blue Beryl paintings
Authors: Dachille-Hey Rae Erin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article dives into the idiosyncrasies of the life of the body in the world
and the physician’s encounter with it. It asks the reader to patiently
probe the images found within a set of seventeenth-century medical paintings, to
seek the clues they provide to better understand the variable conditions of
different bodies and, finally, to reflect upon how the details of the paintings
themselves train the viewer to see the body in a very specific way. The
paintings employ particular modes of expression, referred to here as
‘modes of representation’, to generate meaning. In reflecting upon
the relationship between image and meaning in these paintings, it will become
clear that it is the manner in which the idiosyncrasies of the body are
depicted, the ways in which they are framed and patterned and the ways in which
the viewer learns to make sense of them, that are ultimately meaningful.
Application of a new wall-less plate technology to complex multistep cell-based investigations using suspension cells
Authors: Quiñones Gabriel A. , Moore Travis I. , Nicholes Katrina , Lee Hyunjae , Kim Sudong , Sun Laura , Jeon Noo Li , Stephan Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2012

Key PointsThe DropArray technology is compatible with the retention of suspension cells in multistep procedures thus enabling novel assay methods. This technology enabled visualization and quantification of specific killing events triggered by bispecific antibodies engaging T cells.
Self-evaluation in schizophrenia: an fMRI study with implications for the understanding of insight
Authors: Bedford Nicholas J , Surguladze Simon , Giampietro Vincent , Brammer Michael J , David Anthony S 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Lack of insight is a core feature of schizophrenia and is associated with structural brain abnormalities. The functional neuroanatomy of insight has only recently been investigated. When people evaluate their personality traits compared to those of another, activation is seen in central midline structures (CMS) of the brain. This study set out to compare cerebral activation in schizophrenia patients versus controls during a self-evaluation task which included positive and negative traits as well as mental and physical illness terms.

Methods
Eleven schizophrenia patients and 8 healthy controls, matched for age were studied. Insight was assessed using the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-expanded version (SAI-E). FMRI data were obtained with a 1.5 Tesla GE system and interactions between participant group, self versus other, significant at the cluster level, were recorded.

Results
Significant hypoactivation in the medial superior frontal gyrus (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex) was observed in patients vs. controls during self-evaluation of all traits combined. A second cluster of hypoactivation in the posterior cingulate was also detected. When the response to individual traits was explored, underactivation in other frontal regions plus right inferior parietal lobule emerged and this tended to correlate, albeit weakly with lower insight scores. Further, there were areas of hyperactivation relative to controls in anterior cingulate, frontal and parietal regions (especially precuneus) which showed moderate inverse correlations with insight scores.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated that the CMS, identified as a key system underpinning self-evaluation, is dysfunctional in patients with schizophrenia, particularly dorso-medial PFC. This may have implications for lack of insight in schizophrenia. Hypofunction within the dorsomedial prefrontal region seems to be particularly important although other posterior and lateral cortical regions play a part and may modulate self-evaluative responses depending on the type of trait under consideration.
Effect of the bacterium Serratia marcescens SCBI on the longevity and reproduction of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae KT0001
Authors: Lancaster Jeremiah D , Mohammad Budour , Abebe Eyualem 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Extensive research effort has advanced our understanding of Caenorhabditis as a model system, but its natural association with bacteria remains to be explored in an ecological context. Explored associations vary vastly from mutualistic to parasitic. Serratia marcescens has been shown to be pathogenic to Caenorhabditis with a fitness cost. The recent isolation of an entomopathogenic Caenorhabditis briggsae KT0001/S. marcescens SCBI association from the wild has allowed us to examine under laboratory conditions whether such an association poses a serious cost to Caenorhabditis as previously surmised for other Serratia.

Results
A fecundity table of Caenorhabditis briggsae KT0001 fed on S. marcescens SCBI and the control fed on E. coli OP50 is presented. We found no significant difference in survivorship or total fecundity between the S. marcescens SCBI fed and E. coli OP50 fed Caenorhabditis briggsae KT0001. Only the mean onset of reproduction was significantly different between the two groups with E. coli fed C. briggsae maturing earlier (2.12 days) than those fed on Serratia (2.42 days).

Conclusion

S. marcescens SCBI is not highly pathogenic to C. briggsae KT0001 indicating that the entomopathogenicity reported for this association may be beneficial for both the nematode and bacteria. In light of the fact that hitherto conducted experimental tests conform to widely held view that Serratia are highly pathogenic to Caenorhabditis, the absence of a high fitness cost for C. briggsae we report here may indicate that this entomopathogenic association is non-transient suggesting nematode/bacterial associations in the wild may vary greatly. Consequently, broad generalizations about nematode/bacterial associations should be interpreted with care.
Identification of fever and vaccine-associated gene interaction networks using ontology-based literature mining
Authors: Hur Junguk , Özgür Arzucan , Xiang Zuoshuang , He Yongqun 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Fever is one of the most common adverse events of vaccines. The detailed mechanisms of fever and vaccine-associated gene interaction networks are not fully understood. In the present study, we employed a genome-wide, Centrality and Ontology-based Network Discovery using Literature data (CONDL) approach to analyse the genes and gene interaction networks associated with fever or vaccine-related fever responses.

Results
Over 170,000 fever-related articles from PubMed abstracts and titles were retrieved and analysed at the sentence level using natural language processing techniques to identify genes and vaccines (including 186 Vaccine Ontology terms) as well as their interactions. This resulted in a generic fever network consisting of 403 genes and 577 gene interactions. A vaccine-specific fever sub-network consisting of 29 genes and 28 gene interactions was extracted from articles that are related to both fever and vaccines. In addition, gene-vaccine interactions were identified. Vaccines (including 4 specific vaccine names) were found to directly interact with 26 genes. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using the genes in the generated interaction networks. Moreover, the genes in these networks were prioritized using network centrality metrics. Making scientific discoveries and generating new hypotheses were possible by using network centrality and gene set enrichment analyses. For example, our study found that the genes in the generic fever network were more enriched in cell death and responses to wounding, and the vaccine sub-network had more gene enrichment in leukocyte activation and phosphorylation regulation. The most central genes in the vaccine-specific fever network are predicted to be highly relevant to vaccine-induced fever, whereas genes that are central only in the generic fever network are likely to be highly relevant to generic fever responses. Interestingly, no Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were found in the gene-vaccine interaction network. Since multiple TLRs were found in the generic fever network, it is reasonable to hypothesize that vaccine-TLR interactions may play an important role in inducing fever response, which deserves a further investigation.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that ontology-based literature mining is a powerful method for analyzing gene interaction networks and generating new scientific hypotheses.
Wind‐driven physical processes and sediment characteristics affect the distribution and nutrient limitation of nearshore phytoplankton in a stratified low‐productivity lake
Authors: Cyr Hélène , Coman Melissa A. 
Published: December 2012

Lay AbstractWind‐driven physical processes are expected to affect the spatial distribution and composition of algae in lakes and reservoirs, and to determine their access to nearshore nutrients. We used nutrient addition bioassays to detect changes in the nutrient status of phytoplankton, which indicate changes in nutrient availability in the water. We examined these effects at offshore and nearshore sites and at different times of the year, under different stratification conditions (prestratification, early and late stratification) and with different phytoplankton communities. Phytoplankton accumulated downwind, but their growth rate was usually higher at upwind than downwind sites. This suggests that the quantity and quality of algal food sources for higher trophic levels may vary in predictable but opposite ways. Wind‐driven surface waves and upwelling activity were associated with changes in phytoplankton nutrient limitation in nearshore areas, but these differences were site specific. Our results suggest that wind‐driven physical processes and sediment characteristics are both important in determining internal nutrient loading and phytoplankton nutrient limitation in nearshore areas. On windy days, nutrient limitation of offshore phytoplankton at the lake surface was always related to the conditions found upwind, suggesting rapid exchanges between nearshore and offshore areas. Wind‐driven physical processes affect the distribution and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in lakes, and are likely to influence the efficiency of energy transfers through planktonic food webs. These wind‐driven processes should be included more specifically into food web models.
Capital Markets and Firm Organization: How Financial Development Shapes European Corporate Groups
Authors: Belenzon Sharon , Berkovitz Tomer , Rios Luis A. 
Published: December 2012

We investigate the effect of financial development on the formation of European corporate groups. Because cross-country regressions are hard to interpret in a causal sense, we exploit exogenous industry measures to investigate a specific channel through which financial development may affect group affiliation: internal capital markets. Using a comprehensive firm-level data set on European corporate groups in 15 countries, we find that countries with less developed financial markets have a higher percentage of group affiliates in more capital-intensive industries. This relationship is more pronounced for young and small firms and for affiliates of large and diversified groups. Our findings are consistent with the view that internal capital markets may, under some conditions, be more efficient than prevailing external markets, and that this may drive group affiliation even in developed economies.This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Uncovering Dimensions of Culture in Underperforming Group Homes for People with Severe Intellectual Disability
Authors: Bigby Christine , Knox Marie , Beadle-Brown Julie , Clement Tim , Mansell Jim 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Culture recurs as an important but under-investigated variable associated with resident outcomes in supported accommodation for people with intellectual disability. This study aimed to conceptualize the potential dimensions of culture in all group homes and describe the culture in underperforming group homes. A secondary analysis, using an inductive interpretative approach, was undertaken of a large qualitative data set from a study that had used ethnographic and action research methods to explore the quality of life outcomes for residents in 5 small group homes. Five categories were developed: misalignment of power-holder values with organizations espoused values, otherness, doing for not with, staff centered, and resistance. Differences from institutional culture are discussed, and the potential of the findings as a starting point to consider culture in high performing group homes and develop a quantitative measure of culture.
Burnout Among Summer Camp Staff Supporting People with Intellectual Disability and Aggression
Authors: Ko Clara , Lunsky Yona , Hensel Jennifer , Dewa Carolyn S. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Studies have shown that there is an association between exposure to people with intellectual disability who are aggressive and burnout in the staff who support them. Little is known, however, about the experience of summer camp staff who work with this population. This study examined the relationship between aggression and burnout in 169 staff members working at summer camps in Ontario, Canada. The questionnaire used included demographic information, exposure to aggression (frequency and severity), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey. Results showed that summer camp staff was exposed to frequent and relatively severe aggression. Severe exposure was associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. Given that summer camp staff is likely to be exposed to at least some aggression in their summer job, and that this aggression is associated with burnout, greater attention should be paid to training and supporting staff for when aggression occurs.
Correlates of Everyday Choice and Support-Related Choice for 8,892 Randomly Sampled Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in 19 States
Authors: Tichá Renáta , Lakin K. Charlie , Larson Sheryl A. , Stancliffe Roger J. , Taub Sarah , Engler Joshua , Bershadsky Julie , Moseley Charles 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article examines everyday choices made by 8,892 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and support-related choices made by 6,179 adults with IDD receiving services from 19 state developmental disabilities program agencies that participated in the 2008–2009 National Core Indicators Project. Controlling for physical and sensory impairment, age, behavioral support, communication, and state, people in residential settings with 16 or more people had less everyday choice than those in other living arrangements. People with mild and moderate IDD had more control over everyday choices when living in their own homes, whereas people with severe and profound IDD had more control when living in agency homes of 3 or fewer residents. For people of all levels of IDD, institutional settings of 16 or more residents offered the lowest levels of everyday choice. Controlling for the same covariates, individuals with all levels of IDD living in their own homes had significantly more support-related choices than those in any other residential arrangement. Controlling for individual and residential setting characteristics, the state in which sample members lived was notably predictive of support-related choice. Overall, the tested variables accounted for 44% of the variability in everyday choice and 31% in support-related choice.
Les couples mixtes sous haute surveillance
Authors: D’Aoust Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2012

Les différentes techniques de contrôle des mariages mixtes mises en place ces dernières années par plusieurs pays européens ont été élaborées dans une logique de gestion du risque migratoire et non dans la perspective de l’exercice d’un droit fondamental – le droit de vivre en famille –, encore moins dans l’optique d’une intégration aux sociétés d’« accueil ».
Concise Review: Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Immunobiology, Prevention, and Treatment
Authors: Sung Anthony D. , Chao Nelson J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical features, prevention, and treatment of acute GVHD. Specifically, we explain how new discoveries in immunology have expanded our understanding of GVHD, in which tissue damage from chemotherapy or radiation results in cytokine release, which activates T cells, resulting in proliferation and differentiation, trafficking to target organs, and tissue destruction and inflammation. Insights into the mechanisms of this disease relate directly to the development of preventive strategies and therapies, such as immunosuppression, T-cell depletion, calcineurin inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists, gut decontamination, extracorporeal photopheresis, and more. We also discuss how GVHD affects the gut, liver, and skin, as well as diagnosis, grading, and scoring. We end by examining future directions of treatment, including new immunomodulators and biomarkers. Understanding the immunobiology of GVHD and developing effective preventions and treatments are critical to the continuing success of AHSCT.