bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Diced Cartilage Grafts Wrapped with Amniotic Membrane in Soft Tissue Augmentation: Experimental Study
Authors: Ozturk Murat , Aydin Omer 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Correcting nasal dorsal deformities and irregularities often requires biological or alloplastic materials. In rhinoplasty, a frequent postoperative problem is a rough and rigid nasal dorsum. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the feasibility of using diced cartilage grafts wrapped in amniotic membrane for soft tissue augmentation. Methods: Diced cartilage grafts wrapped with amniotic membrane were transplanted to a subcutaneous tunnel that was made in the back in 20 rats. After 2 months, the histopathologic changes that occurred in the grafts were examined by light microscopy. Results: When the diced cartilage grafts wrapped in amniotic membrane were examined, each graft displayed different viability rates. Conclusions: In soft tissue augmentation, especially in the nasal dorsum, amniotic membrane can be used to keep the diced cartilage viable and adjoined.
Vestibular Schwannoma in the Only Hearing Ear: Role of Cochlear Implants
Authors: Di Lella Filippo , Merkus Paul , Di Trapani Giuseppe , Taibah Abdelkader , Guida Maurizio , Sanna Mario 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: We sought to delineate the role of cochlear implantation in the management of vestibular schwannoma or other cerebellopontine angle tumors in the only hearing ear. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis in a quaternary referral skull base center of all patients who were affected by vestibular schwannoma (or other lesions of the cerebellopontine angle) in the only hearing ear and received a cochlear implant before or after tumor treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) or during the wait-and-scan follow-up. We also performed a systematic review of the English-language literature. Results: The clinical and audiological results of 10 patients are reported. All patients were managed with contralateral cochlear implantation. In 7 patients, cochlear implantation was performed before tumor removal, while hearing in the ear with the tumor was still present. In 3 patients, the implant was placed after curative surgery. Nine of the 10 patients routinely use their implant with subjective benefit and fairly good auditory performance (median disyllabic word recognition, 90%; median sentence comprehension, 75%). The literature search retrieved no major series with assessment of the long-term efficacy of cochlear implantation in this rare clinical scenario. Conclusions: Patients affected by vestibular schwannoma in their only hearing ear may significantly benefit from a cochlear implant on the contralateral side prior to tumor removal. Recent and significant hearing deterioration and tumor growth represent the main indications for cochlear implantation.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of Stensen's Duct in Children
Authors: Le Treut Claire , Rome Angélique , Cassagneau Pierre , Fernandez Carla , Triglia Jean-Michel , Nicollas Richard 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Stensen's duct is a very uncommon location for rhabdomyosarcoma. The purpose of this article was to review the clinical history of 2 patients who had rhabdomyosarcoma of Stensen's duct. Methods: We reviewed the clinical history, imaging studies, histologic analysis, and treatment of 2 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of Stensen's duct. Results: An 8-year-old boy (case 1) and a 17-year-old boy (case 2) presented with nonspecific facial swelling. In both patients, imaging studies showed a tumor at Stensen's duct, and biopsy showed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Both patients were treated with preoperative chemotherapy, parotidectomy, and resection of Stensen's duct and postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Follow-up at 9 years (case 1) and 2 years (case 2) after surgery showed that the patients were free of disease. Conclusions: Stensen's duct rhabdomyosarcoma is rare and may have a better prognosis than rhabdomyosarcoma in other locations in the head and neck.
Subacute Rhinitis in Infants: Gastroesophageal Reflux Must Be Considered
Authors: Zagólski Olaf 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: The study sought to evaluate the influence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and allergy on subacute rhinitis in infants. Methods: Mothers of 74 infants with subacute rhinitis completed the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised. Participants with GERD were randomized to undergo one of the following regimens for 10 days: Use of fluorometholone nasal drops with positional and feeding changes; positional and feeding changes; or a placebo. Results: The daily amount of nasal secretion decreased by 75.9% (p < 0.001), the intensity of swallowing difficulty by 79.2% (p < 0.001), and the incidence of uneasiness by 92.0% (p < 0.001) in infants treated with nasal glucocorticoid and positional and feeding changes; and the percentage differences in the amount of nasal secretion (p < 0.001), feeding difficulty (p < 0.001), and uneasiness (p < 0.001) were greater than those in the group treated with positional and feeding changes. The infants treated with placebo did not improve. The influence of nasal allergy was nonsignificant. Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reflux disease might contribute to aggravation of subacute rhinitis in infants.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibits Diesel Exhaust Particle—Induced Inflammation of Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells via NOX4 Inhibition
Authors: Jo Sun-Young , Lee Naree , Hong Sung-Moon , Jung Hak Hyun , Chae Sung-Won 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Otitis media is one of the most common diseases in pediatric populations. Recent research on its pathogenesis has focused on air pollution. Chronic exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with the impairment of middle ear function. However, the mechanisms and the underlying inhibitory pathways, especially in the human middle ear, remain unknown. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a biologically active ingredient of propolis, a product of honeybee hives, which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of CAPE on diesel exhaust particle (DEP)–induced inflammation of human middle ear epithelial cells and to determine the underlying pathway of the action of CAPE. Methods: The inflammatory damage caused by DEPs and the anti-inflammatory effects of CAPE were determined by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 4 with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The oxidative stress induced by DEPs and the anti-oxidative effects of CAPE were directly evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species production by use of flow cytometric analysis of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The effects of CAPE were compared with those of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Results: Use of CAPE significantly inhibited DEP-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor α and NOX4 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species induced by DEPs was decreased by pretreatment with CAPE. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of CAPE were similar to those of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Conclusions: The inflammation induced by DEP is reduced by CAPE via the inhibition of NOX4 expression. These findings suggest that CAPE might be used as a therapeutic agent against DEP-induced inflammation of human middle ear epithelial cells.
Rapid Development of a Simple Ranula in a Child
Authors: Sathanantham Dinesh Kumar , Shah Gopi B. , Ulüalp Seckin 
Published: October 2014

Objective: A simple ranula is a gradually progressive, benign condition of the salivary gland. The report here describes a very rare case of a simple ranula enlarging in an acute fashion, resulting in airway obstruction. Case Report: A 7-year-old girl presented with swelling in the floor of the mouth, pushing the tongue upward and backward, requiring immediate nasotracheal intubation. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a simple ranula requiring urgent surgery. The patient was followed up 4 weeks after discharge, at which time she was doing well. Conclusion: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case reported of a simple ranula presenting in an acute fashion, leading to airway compromise in a pediatric patient. The literature is reviewed and features of diagnosis and treatment are presented.
Electric Field Enhanced Plasmid Delivery to Liver Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Authors: Gilbert Richard , Jaroszeski Mark J. , Heller Loree , Heller Richard 
Published: October 2014

Electric field enhanced molecular delivery for cancer research and treatment is a new technology that has demonstrated its effectiveness in clinical trials using bleomycin or cisplatin (Heller, R., Gilbert, R., Jaroszeski, M. J. Clinical applications of electrocemotherapy. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 35, 119–129 (1999)), as chemotherapeutic agents. The technology is being investigated in research applications for applicability as a method to enhance gene expression in a target tumor. Success is predicated on an appropriate effective electric field mediated delivery protocol that triggers significant appropriate gene expression duration and levels. An electric field mediated delivery protocol includes a set of conditions associated with the electric field, the electroporation signature, as well as parameters associated with the plasmid and the electric field applicator. Manipulation of the electrical parameters within the electroporation signature generates different gene expression levels in liver hepatocellular carcinomas. Statistically significant gene expression levels were obtained that differed by an order of magnitude when two different electric field strength and duration conditions were employed.
Computed Tomographic Colonography (CTC): Possibilities and Limitations of Clinical Application in Colorectal Polyps and Cancer
Authors: Heuschmid Martin , Luz Oliver , Schaefer Juergen F. , Kopp Andreas F. , Claussen Claus D. , Seemann Marcus D. 
Published: October 2014

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe and the United States. Most colorectal cancers develop from adenomatous polyps over a number of years. Early detection of polyps eliminates the risk of subsequent carcinomas. Computed tomographic (CT) colonography is a diagnostic technique detecting colorectal neoplasms. With the introduction of multidetector-row computed tomography (MD-CT), CT colonography (CTC) has gained influence as a new diagnostic tool in early detection of colonic pathologies by acquiring volumetric CT data sets of the abdomen. This volumetric data is analyzed using CTC workstations, which provide an interactive display of 2D and 3D images of the colon. In several studies, CTC revealed a high accuracy (sensitivity/patient: 83–100% and specificity/patient: 93–100%) in detecting pathological colonic changes. Furthermore, CTC is an excellent diagnostic technique for the evaluation of patients with incomplete conventional colonoscopy and allows the assessment of extracolonic abdominal and pelvic organs. In this article, the status of CT colonography as a method of detecting colonic polyps and colorectal carcinomas using single- and multidetector-row CT will be reviewed.
Computer Aided Detection (CAD) for Breast MRI
Authors: Wood Chris 
Published: October 2014

Since 1999, there has been a 40 percent increase per year in the number of breast MR studies performed in the United States. In addition, over 1200 sites in the United States have purchased surface coils for use in breast MR. This number is expected to grow to over 2,000 coils by the end of 2007. It is well accepted that MR sensitivity for invasive breast cancers is near 100%, but as the use of breast MRI increases, radiologists interpreting breast MR are challenged to achieve high specificity while retaining high sensitivity. Reading the large number of acquired MR images in a reasonable amount of time also becomes more important as the number of studies increases. Breast MR acquisition and image interpretation techniques have been refined through clinical optimization. The number of images to interpret, however, has increased to several hundred per case. Computer Aided Detection (CAD) algorithms have allowed radiologists to regain efficiency while maintaining optimized acquisition techniques. The first CAD system for breast MR (CADstream by Confirma, Inc.) was launched in January 2003. The CAD installed base has since grown to over 150 systems in the US. The primary reason for this quick adoption of CAD for breast MR is that the CAD software enables readers to increase their efficiency while potentially improving their overall accuracy. The full benefits CAD for Breast MR are realized when the interpreting radiologist has a thorough understanding of the algorithms used, and the limitations of CAD.
Survey of Resident Education in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
Authors: Malik Renuka , Oh Julia L. , Roeske John C. , Mundt Arno J. 
Published: October 2014

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been gaining increasing popularity among practicing physicians in the U.S., but the extent to which radiation oncology residents are taught the principles of this technology and are trained to use IMRT remains unknown. In this paper, we assessed the current level of resident education in IMRT in the United States. Chief residents at all 77 accredited radiation oncology programs were sent a 13-question survey addressing formal didactics and hands-on experience in IMRT. The survey assessed the frequency, subject, and format of IMRT didactics. Questions also addressed the number of IMRT patients and anatomical sites treated, resident involvement in the IMRT process, and the intent of IMRT use. Finally, residents were asked for their opinions on their IMRT education. Sixty-one surveys (79%) were completed. Overall, forty-three respondents (71%) reported receiving formal IMRT didactics, with nearly one-third reporting extensive didactics (≥ 3 lectures/seminars et cetera per year). The most common didactic formats were lectures (95%) and journal clubs (63%), most commonly supervised by physicists (98%). Involvement by physicians and radiobiologists were reported by 63% and 7% of respondents, respectively. Overall, 87% of respondents had hands-on IMRT training, with nearly one-half having treated >25 patients. The most common sites treated were head and neck (94%) and prostate (81%). Involvement in all aspects of the IMRT process was common, particularly target and tissue delineation (98%) and plan evaluation (93%). Most respondents (79%) with hands-on experience reported receiving formal didactics. However, nearly one-third received no or only minimal formal didactics. The percentage of respondents desiring increased IMRT didactics and hands-on experience were 70% and 47%, respectively. Our results suggest that the great majority of radiation oncology residents in the United States are currently exposed to didactics and hands-on training in IMRT. Areas of potential improvement include increased involvement of physicians and radiobiologists in formal IMRT didactics.
In Vivo Biodistribution of Dendrimers and Dendrimer Nanocomposites — Implications for Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Khan Mohamed K. , Nigavekar Shraddha S. , Minc Leah D. , Kariapper Muhammed S. T. , Nair Bindu M. , Lesniak Wojciech G. , Balogh Lajos P. 
Published: October 2014

Our results indicate that the surface chemistry, composition, and 3-D structure of nanoparticles are critical in determining their in vivo biodistribution, and therefore the efficacy of nanodevice imaging and therapies. We demonstrate that gold/dendrimer nanocomposites in vivo, present biodistribution characteristics different from PAMAM dendrimers in a B16 mouse tumor model system. We review important chemical and biologic uses of these nanodevices and discuss the potential of nanocomposite devices to greatly improve cancer imaging and therapy, in particular radiation therapy. We also discuss major issues confronting the use of nanoparticles in the near future, with consideration of toxicity analysis and whether biodegradable devices are needed or even desirable.
Irreversible Electroporation: Implications for Prostate Ablation
Authors: Onik Gary , Mikus Paul , Rubinsky Boris 
Published: October 2014

Percutaneous prostate cryo-ablation has become an accepted treatment for primary prostate cancer. Thermal tissue ablation based on cold, however, does have some distinct limitations. These include, variable damage at the cryo lesions margin, injury to adjacent structures such as rectum, urethra and NVB (neurovascular bundle), and long procedure time due to the need for multiple freeze thaw cycles, that have limited the acceptance of this modality. Irreversible electroporation IRE, is a new non-thermal ablation modality that uses short pulses of DC electric current to create irreversible pore in the cell membrane, thus, causing cell death. This method theoretically should have significant advantages in ablating prostate tissue. Six males dogs had their prostates treated using IRE. Pulses were applied using a DC generator that delivered pulses in the microsecond range of duration, with a variable pulse interval and voltage range. IRE probes were placed percutaneously or trans-rectally using trans-rectal ultrasound guidance. In one of the dogs, the lesions were made purposely to include the rectum, urethra, and neurovascular bundle (NVB). Subjects were followed for 1 to 14 days before sacrifice. IRE lesions in the prostate had unique characteristics compared to thermal lesions. The margins of the IRE lesions was very distinct with a narrow zone of transition from normal to complete necrosis, there was complete destruction within the IRE lesion, and rapid resolution of the lesions with marked shrinkage within two weeks. Structures such as urethra, vessels, nerves, and rectum were unaffected by the IRE application. IRE lesions have characteristics that are distinctly different than thermal lesions. The differences could be very advantageous in a clinical setting, improving the results and acceptance of prostate ablation.
The Performance of 17-gauge Cryoprobes In Vitro
Authors: Beemster Patricia W.T. , Lagerveld Brunolf W. , Witte Lambertus P. W. , de la Rosette Jean J. M. C. H. , Pes M. Pilar Laguna , Wijkstra Hessel 
Published: October 2014

In cryosurgery it is crucial that the performance of cryoprobes is predictable and constant. In this study we tested the intra- and interneedle variation between 17-gauge cryoprobes in two homogeneous mediums. Also, a multiprobe setup was tested. Cryoprobe performance was defined as the time it takes one cryoprobe to lower the temperature from 0 to −20 °C as measured by four thermosensors each at 3 mm distance from the cryoprobe. In agar eight cryoprobes were tested during six freeze cycles, and in gel four cryoprobes during four freeze cycles; each freeze cycle in a different cup of agar or gel. Using more accurate ‘bare’ thermosensors three cryoprobes were tested in gel during two freeze cycles. A multiprobe configuration with four cryoprobes was tested during two freeze cycles in both agar and gel. Statistical analyses were done using ANOVA for repeated measures. There was no significant intraneedle variation, whereas both in agar and gel there was a significant interneedle variation (p<0.05). Mean performance in gel was better than in agar (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant variation between the four thermosensors (p< 0.001). Using bare thermosensors mean performance was 2.7 times faster compared to measurements by regular thermosensors (p<0.001). In a multiprobe configuration, overall performance seems less variable and more reproducible compared to a single cryoprobe. In conclusion, the performance of cryoprobes differs depending on the medium and measuring device used. Cryoprobes deliver reproducible freeze cycles, although there is variation between different cryoprobes. In a multiprobe configuration performance seems less variable.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia Utilizing the BrainLAB Novalis System
Authors: Zahra Hadi , Teh Bin S. , Paulino Arnold C. , Yoshor Daniel , Trask Todd , Baskin David , Butler E Brian 
Published: October 2014

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the least invasive treatments for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). To date, most reports have been about Cobalt-based treatments ( i.e., Gamma Knife) with limited data on image-guided stereotactic linear accelerator treatments. We describe our initial experience of using BrainLAB Novalis stereotactic system for the radiosurgical treatment of TN. A total of 20 patients were treated between July 2004 and February 2007. Each SRS procedure was performed using the BrainLAB Novalis System. Thin cuts MRI images of 1.5 mm thickness were acquired and fused with the simulation CT of each patient. Majority of the patients received a maximum dose of 90 Gy. The median brainstem dose to 1.0 cc and 0.1 cc was 2.3 Gy and 13.5 Gy, respectively. In addition, specially acquired three-dimensional fast imaging sequence employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) MRI was utilized to improve target delineation of the trigeminal proximal nerve root entry zone. Barrow Neurological Index (BNI) pain scale for TN was used for assessing treatment outcome. At a median follow-up time of 14.2 months, 19 patients (95%) reported at least some improvement in pain. Eight (40%) patients were completely pain-free and stopped all medications (BNI Grade I) while another 2 (10%) patients also stopped medications but reported occasional pain (BNI Grade II). Another 2 (10%) patients reported no pain and 7 (35%) patients only occasional pain while continuing medications, BNI Grade IIIA and IIIB, respectively. Median time to pain control was 8.5 days (range: 1–70 days). No patient reported severe pain, worsening pain or any pain not controlled on their previously taken medication. Intermittent or persistent facial numbness following treatments occurred in 35% of patients. No other complications were reported. Stereotactic radiosurgery using the BrainLAB Novalis system is a safe and effective treatment for TN. This information is important as more centers are obtaining image-guided stereotactic-based linear accelerators capable of performing radiosurgery.
Distinct effects of concomitant Jak2V617F expression and Tet2 loss in mice promote disease progression in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Chen Edwin , Schneider Rebekka K. , Breyfogle Lawrence J. , Rosen Emily A. , Poveromo Luke , Elf Shannon , Ko Amy , Brumme Kristina , Levine Ross , Ebert Benjamin L. , Mullally Ann 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
Tet2 loss of function confers a strong functional competitive advantage to Jak2V617F-mutant hematopoietic stem cells. Jak2V617F expression and Tet2 loss generate distinct and nonoverlapping transcriptional programs in hematopoietic stem cells.