bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunosuppressive monocytes: possible homeostatic mechanism to restrain chronic intestinal inflammation
Authors: Kurmaeva Elvira , Bhattacharya Dhruva , Goodman Wendy , Omenetti Sara , Merendino Amber , Berney Seth , Pizarro Theresa , Ostanin Dmitry V 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChronic colitis is accompanied by extensive myelopoiesis and accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in spleens and secondary lymphoid tissues. Although cells with similar phenotype have been described in cancer, chronic infection, or autoimmunity, where they were associated with suppression of T cell responses, little is known regarding how these cells affect CD4 T cell responses in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation. Therefore, we undertook this study to characterize the interplay between colitis-induced myeloid cells and CD4 T cell. Within the CD11b+Gr-1+ population, only monocytes (Ly6GnegLy6Chigh) but not other myeloid cell subsets suppressed proliferation and production of cytokines by CD4 T cells. Suppression was mediated by cell-contact, NO and partially by IFN-γ and PGs. Interestingly, Ly6Chigh MDCs, isolated from colitic colons, showed up-regulation of iNOS and arginase-1 and were more potent suppressors than those isolated from spleen. On a single-cell level, MDCs inhibited Th1 responses but enhanced generation of foxp3+ T cells. MDCs, cocultured with activated/Teffs, isolated from inflamed colons under hypoxic (1% O2) conditions typical for the inflamed intestine, suppressed proliferation but not their production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Taken together, expansion of monocytes and MDCs and activation of their suppressive properties may represent a homeostatic mechanism aimed at restraining excessive T cell activation during chronic inflammatory settings. The contribution of immunosuppressive monocytes/MDCs to chronic colitis and their role in shaping T cell responses in vivo require further investigation.
Nonhydrolytic Synthesis of Silanols by the Hydrogenolysis of Benzyloxysilanes
Authors: Igarashi Masayasu , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Sato Kazuhiko , Ando Wataru , Shimada Shigeru 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The hydrogenolysis of benzyloxysilanes was smoothly catalyzed by Pd/C in THF to give corresponding silanols under nonhydrolytic conditions. The reaction proved to be applicable to various benzyloxysilanes giving silanemonools, diol, and triol.
Fabrication of Monodisperse Bowl-like Carbon Nanoparticles with Controlled Porous Structure
Authors: Jiang Xiaoping , Ju Xin , Huang Miaofeng 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Bowl-like carbon particles with a controlled morphology and porous structure were synthesized via carbonization of the post-treated polymer composite particles. The obtained bowl-like carbon particles had a uniform, monodisperse and mesoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution. The pH value in the post-treatment process played an important role in the formation of the bowl-like morphology and had a remarkable influence on the pore structure, which can control the morphology and pore structure of the carbon particles.
Art, politics and the public sphere
Authors: Gielen Pascal 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The relationship between contemporary art in the tradition of the avant-garde, politics and the public domain is the subject of this article. By looking at critical social theory, especially the work of Chantal Mouffe, the relationship between politics and the public sphere will be explored. Via the work of Paulo Virno and Niklas Luhmann, I will get more grip on avant-garde art’s functioning in society and its relationship with politics and the public sphere. By discussing the insights of these theorists it will be argued that the contemporary art world – as a sphere of concrete museums, biennials, exhibitions, etc. form a public sphere of many different singularities, artistic styles and sometimes even conflicting paradigms and cultures. Contrary to the classic Habermasian view (1989) this public sphere is seen as an agonistic one in which a multitude of conflicting voices coexist. Contemporary art in the tradition of the avant-garde time and again posits a ‘dismeasure’ within a culture and will therefore take up a minority position within a society. This does however allow this art scene to become a model for a specific interpretation of democracy, especially a minority democracy, in which collective support for emerging singular voices has to be gained time and again. The argumentation needed to grow from the singular base to a somewhat or very much larger collective base is the core of a minority democracy within an agonistic public sphere. This view is at odds with the concept of public sphere mostly held nowadays according to the rules of the dominant liberal representative democracy, which, after all, found its legitimacy on anonymous numbers (the majority of votes) and the third way of compromise. But also hegemonic political regimes of today, such as neo-liberalism and the upcoming neo-nationalism, are concerned about agonistic spheres, because from their perspective they are still difficult to control. It is one of the reasons why such ideologies hardly know how to respond to contemporary avant-garde art.
Stališča izvajalcev nujne medicinske pomoči o uporabnosti triažnega kartona
Authors: Sedej Tilen , Fink Andrej 
Published: April 2014

Uvod: Kategorizirane udeležence (paciente) množične nesreče je treba označiti, da bodo njihove prioritete prepoznali ostali udeleženci v verigi reševanja. Cilj raziskave je bil proučiti uporabnost triažnega kartona, ki je pri množičnih nesrečah v Republiki Sloveniji predpisan s Pravilnikom o službi nujne medicinske pomoči.Metode: Podatki so bili zbrani s pomočjo strukturiranega vprašalnika. V raziskavo je bilo zajetih sedem enot nujne medicinske pomoči na primarni ravni zdravstvene dejavnosti (Gorenjska regija). Med zaposlene v nujni medicinski pomoči je bilo razdeljenih 136 vprašalnikov, pravilno izpolnjenih je bilo 94. Podatki so bili obdelani z opisno in bivariatno statistiko.Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da anketiranci niso prepričani v svojo usposobljenost za uporabo predpisanega triažnega kartona (x = 3,26) ter da triažni karton ni popolnoma neuporaben triažni pripomoček, a ima pomanjkljivosti (x = 3,43). Anketiranci menijo, da bi triažni karton moral imeti možnost označevanja po barvi triažne kategorije (x = 4,00) ter možnost spreminjanja kategorije pacienta, če se le-ta med obravnavo spremeni (x = 3,99). Glede na čas delovanja anketirancev na področju nujne medicinske pomoči se razlikujejo njihova mnenja o potrebnosti triažnih kartonov (p = 0,05) ter usposobljenosti za izvajanje in dokumentiranje triaže (p = 0,04). Anketiranci z daljšo delovno dobo so izrazili statistično značilno večje strinjanje z obema trditvama.Diskusija in zaključek: V prihodnosti bo treba izboljšati raven usposobljenosti izvajalcev nujne medicinske pomoči za uporabo predpisanega triažnega kartona. V Sloveniji potrebujemo vrsto triažnega kartona, ki bo zadostovala trenutnim smernicam posredovanja ob množičnih nesrečah. Raziskava pokaže smiselnost nadaljnjega raziskovanja tega področja.
All-In-One – arthistoricum.net auf dem Weg zum Fachinformationsdienst Kunst
Authors: Effinger Maria , Leiskau Katja , Walzel Annika-Valeska 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungMit „arthistoricum.net“ betreiben die UB Heidelberg und die SLUB Dresden seit Januar 2012 für ihre Sondersammelgebiete gemeinsam eine integrierte Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Kunst. Die Zusammenführung und Neukonzeption der Angebote stellte die strategischen Weichen für eine kooperative Weiterentwicklung. Ziele hierbei sind der Ausbau des konstruktiven Dialogs mit der Forschung und der Einsatz moderner Technologie im Sinne eines „Fachinformationsdienstes für die Wissenschaft“.
„Dicke Bretter bohren“
Authors: Riek Ilona 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beleuchtet die Möglichkeiten, Herausforderungen und Fallstricke einer Einbeziehung der Fachwissenschaft beim Aufbau und Betrieb elektronischer Fachinformationsangebote. Am Beispiel der Aktivitäten des Sondersammelgebiets Benelux vor, während und nach der Durchführung des Projekts Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Benelux werden verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Beförderung der Mitwirkung der Fachgemeinschaft diskutiert.
EIN Portal der TIB (nicht nur) für Ingenieure, Naturwissenschaftler, Informatiker, Mathematiker und Architekten
Authors: Hohlfeld Michael , Tobschall Esther 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschreibt zunächst den Ist-Zustand des Zusammenspiels der von der TIB betriebenen Virtuellen Fachbibliotheken sowie dem Fachportal GetInfo. Er gibt einen Ausblick auf ein neues übergreifendes Webportal der TIB, in welchem GetInfo aufgehen wird und welches künftige Fachinformationsdienste der TIB in Form von erweiterten Facheinstiegen anbieten wird – unter Einbindung neuartiger Dienste für Fachcommunities sowie Fachausschnitten der medienspezifischen Portale der TIB.
DFG-Projekt „Historische Bio-Bibliographien als OPAC-Bausteine“ an den Monumenta Germaniae Historica
Authors: Becker Nikola 
Published: April 2014

EinleitungIm Zuge des DFG-Projekts erfolgt die Einbindung der gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek in den OPAC der Bibliothek der Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH). Die Grundlage dazu stellen zwei digitalisierte historische Bio-Bibliographien dar, nämlich das „Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis“ des Johannes Trithemius von 1494 und die „Bibliotheca latina mediae et infimae aetatis“ des Johann Albert Fabricius in der Ausgabe von 1858. Die Normdatei wird damit um wichtige neue Einträge mittelalterlicher Autoren, die bis jetzt noch nicht verzeichnet und erfasst wurden, ergänzt.
Missed diagnosis of stroke in the emergency department: a cross-sectional analysis of a large population-based sample
Authors: Newman-Toker David E. , Moy Ernest , Valente Ernest , Coffey Rosanna , Hines Anika L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background: Some cerebrovascular events are not diagnosed promptly, potentially resulting in death or disability from missed treatments. We sought to estimate the frequency of missed stroke and examine associations with patient, emergency department (ED), and hospital characteristics.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis using linked inpatient discharge and ED visit records from the 2009 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and 2008–2009 State ED Databases across nine US states. We identified adult patients admitted for stroke with a treat-and-release ED visit in the prior 30 days, considering those given a non-cerebrovascular diagnosis as probable (benign headache or dizziness diagnosis) or potential (any other diagnosis) missed strokes.

Results: There were 23,809 potential and 2243 probable missed strokes representing 12.7% and 1.2% of stroke admissions, respectively. Missed hemorrhages (n=406) were linked to headache while missed ischemic strokes (n=1435) and transient ischemic attacks (n=402) were linked to headache or dizziness. Odds of a probable misdiagnosis were lower among men (OR 0.75), older individuals (18–44 years [base]; 45–64:OR 0.43; 65–74:OR 0.28; ≥75:OR 0.19), and Medicare (OR 0.66) or Medicaid (OR 0.70) recipients compared to privately insured patients. Odds were higher among Blacks (OR 1.18), Asian/Pacific Islanders (OR 1.29), and Hispanics (OR 1.30). Odds were higher in non-teaching hospitals (OR 1.45) and low-volume hospitals (OR 1.57).

Conclusions: We estimate 15,000–165,000 misdiagnosed cerebrovascular events annually in US EDs, disproportionately presenting with headache or dizziness. Physicians evaluating these symptoms should be particularly attuned to the possibility of stroke in younger, female, and non-White patients.
Experimental validation of green wood peeling assisted by IR heating – some considerations of the analytical system design
Authors: Dupleix Anna , Batsale Jean-Christophe , Kusiak Andrzej , Hughes Mark , Denaud Louis Etienne 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The results of a 2D simulation model have been validated by experimental data to check the possibility of infrared (IR) heating of rotating green logs in the course of veneer production. The assumption that the experimental situation can be described by simplified analytical solutions has been confirmed. In the knowledge of the thermal and physical characteristics of green wood, two methods are now available to calculate rapidly the temperature within the wood log and the maximum surface temperature reached by a green log rotating under an IR heating source: (1) by numerical simulation and (2) by analytical equations, which are simpler than the computationally intensive finite element method. Experimental results, validated by both methods, show that an IR heating system as part of an industrial peeling machine would not warm-up green wood to the required peeling temperature at current peeling speeds.
Comparative evaluation of various lignin determination methods on hemicellulose-rich fractions of spruce and birch obtained by pressurized hot-water extraction (PHWE) and subsequent ultrafiltration (UF)
Authors: Korpinen Risto , Kallioinen Mari , Hemming Jarl , Pranovich Andrey , Mänttäri Mika , Willför Stefan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Various lignin determination methods have been applied to hemicellulose-rich wood extracts obtained after pressurized hot-water extraction (PHWE) and membrane ultrafiltration (UF). In focus were the chlorine number (Cl no.) method, the acetyl bromide method, and the four modifications of the Klason lignin determination, such as the KCL, TAPPI, LAP, and Goldschmid methods. The furfural (F) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentrations in the acid hydrolysates were also determined. The mass balances of the fraction were calculated with respect to the contents of dry solids and lignin, including the acid-soluble lignin. The reliability of the methods was evaluated based on the lignin mass balances and the gross chemical composition of the extracts. Although the results were dependent on the method applied, the lignin mass balance calculations yielded similar results in general.
The case of humor in the Malaysian House of Representatives
Authors: Yoong David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBeing one of the highest public offices, parliamentary businesses are governed by rules and protocols that severely limit the behavioral conduct of Members of Parliament (MPs). MPs must modulate their behavior to the expectations of parliamentary practices. Hence, they cannot behave as they would in informal settings when parliament is in session. Based on his or her discretion, the Chair may subject MPs who violate these written (and unwritten) rules and protocols to censure and punishments. Since MPs are expected to behave formally and avoid being emotional in order to create an impression of objectivity and distinguished professionalism, it is worth asking whether humor is a form of disorderly practice in parliaments. In this paper, I argue that it is, and that the disorderliness of humor may either be acceptable or unacceptable depending on certain parameters. Analyzing instances of humor in the Malaysian House of Representatives (
Passive Microextractor with Internal Fluid Recirculation for Two Immiscible Liquids
Authors: Xu Cong , Wang Jiao 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A microextractor comprising an inlet channel, a mixing chamber, two feedback channels, and an outlet channel and having no moving parts was designed for immiscible liquid–liquid extraction. Two liquids were mixed passively without any external energy input, and the extraction was completed in the microextractor. The extractor performance with or without a splitter was investigated by visualization and mass transfer experiments. Two mixing mechanisms were observed: (i) molecular diffusion at lower Reynolds number and (ii) chaotic advection at higher Reynolds number. The transition point between the two mechanisms was at Reynolds numbers 375.2 and 179.9 for the aqueous phase (3 mol/L HNO3 solution) and the organic phase (30% tributyl phosphate (TBP)–kerosene solution), respectively. In the chaotic advection mode, two vortexes rotating in opposite directions were formed on both sides of the main flow, which enhanced the mass transfer between the two liquids. Mass transfer between the 3 mol/L HNO3 and 30% TBP–kerosene solutions was achieved with an efficiency of 92.8% at the extractor exit when the extractor operated in the chaotic advection mode.
Modeling the Industrial Propylene–Ethylene Copolymerization FBR at Emergency Accidents
Authors: Zhang Xin-Wen , Luo Zheng-Hong 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In order to quantitatively describe the pressure change during the copolymerization in industrial fluidized bed reactors, a dynamic reactor model was developed according to the mass and energy balances as well as real gas state-equation and copolymerization kinetics. Furthermore, in order to inspect the performance of pressure relief devices in response to the accident conditions, a set of pressure relief equations were also incorporated into the dynamic reactor model. Therefore, the extended reactor model is able to calculate the relief pressure besides other variables in the reactors such as temperature, slurry density and solid hold-up, which provides an important guidance for selecting pressure relief device and safe production. Dynamic data from certain industrial reactor were used to verify the above model. Finally, the application of the extended model was demonstrated by simulating several typical emergency accidents.
The Costs of GM and Non-GM Co-existence in Processed Food Systems – Demonstrated for the Cases of the German Supply Chains of Chocolate and Frozen Pizza
Authors: Gabriel Andreas , Menrad Klaus 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In contrast to the increasing use of GM plants in agriculture worldwide, the acceptance of GM food is still low in the European Union. If GM food products were introduced in the EU, the German food industry would be confronted with increased efforts to separate GM and non-GM processing lines and it would have to perform compulsory quality management. This paper analyses the costs of co-existence for producers of frozen pizza and chocolate in Germany. In order to provide an idea of the general magnitude of these costs, an adaptive calculation model was developed, supported by qualitative information from expert interviews for both sectors. The case studies reveal that the possibilities of the companies are quite different in terms of size, infrastructure, and available resources to operate parallel production. Companies which already have sufficient existing facilities to run separated production lines might have the opportunity for specialisation and could manage a possible emerging GM market situation.
Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) by patients attending a regional comprehensive cancer care centre
Authors: Wilkinson Jenny M. , Stevens Mark J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background: This study determined the prevalence, types, and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and therapies in cancer patients actively undergoing conventional cancer treatment at a regional cancer centre.

Methods: Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire provided to adult cancer patients attending a comprehensive cancer care centre in regional Australia over a 3-month period.

Results: A participation rate of 89% was recorded over the 3-month period with 285 of 320 cancer patients providing completed data. Mean age was 64 years and slightly more females responded (56%). CAM types used by patients were classified according to US National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) domains. Overall prevalence of CAM use was 49% (140/285). The NCCAM domains of biologically-based treatments (mainly herbal and vitamin/mineral supplements) and manipulative/body-based methods (chiropractic and massage) were the most popular. Most patients (61%) who used CAM prior to cancer diagnosis continued complementary practices afterwards, and 33% of participants became first-time CAM users only after diagnosis. CAM use appeared to be associated with high patient acceptance and satisfaction which was not related to either cancer diagnosis or prognosis. Patients who used CAM were mainly willing to disclose (77%) this practice to their conventional health care providers.

Conclusions: CAM use is prevalent in regional Australia. Collaborative integration of some CAM practices into conventional cancer care pathways (a process known as integrative oncology) is likely to have substantial patient support.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-allyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]- [1,3]oxazin-6-yl)-5-cyano-pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, C22H23N3O4
Authors: Zhang Chuanhong , Lin Jianguo , Lv Gaochao , Cao Yang , Luo Shineng 
Published: April 2014

Abstract C22H23N3O4, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 6.992(3) Å, b = 8.159(4) Å, c = 18.778(8) Å, α = 92.118(7)°, β = 93.463(7)°, γ = 101.623(7)°, V = 1045.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0576, wRref(F2) = 0.1778, T = 296 K.
Existence and exponential stability for some stochastic neutral
partial functional integrodifferential equations
Authors: Diop Mamadou Abdou , Ezzinbi Khalil , Lo Modou 
Published: April 2014

Abstract.
The aim of this work is to study the existence, uniqueness and
exponential stability of mild solutions for some stochastic neutral
partial functional integrodifferential equations. We suppose that
the linear part has a resolvent operator in the sense given in
Grimmer [Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 273 (1982), 333–349]. The nonlinear part is assumed to be continuous
and lipschitzian with respect to the second argument. Firstly, we
study the existence of mild solutions. Secondly we give some results
on the exponential stability in mean square sense. An example is
provided to illustrate the results of this work.
Burner Rig for Small Particle Erosion Testing of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Miller Robert A. , Kuczmarski Maria A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The development of a high-temperature laboratory test to evaluate the erosion resistance of new turbine-blade thermal barrier coatings (TBC) for aircraft gas turbine engines is described. The focus is on improvements to a previously reported design, specifically: (1) larger duct and nozzle diameters leading to a larger and more uniform wear pattern; (2) incorporation of a new auger-style feeder for precise feeding of fine particles at low flow rates; (3) an aperture after the duct to limit the erosive damage at the edges of button specimens; (4) bag filters for particle feed rate measurements. The results of both extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and experiments concentrating on laboratory specimens fabricated from turbine-blade superalloys were used to demonstrate the validity of the test results to meaningfully evaluate the performance of new coating compositions in representative erosive environments, and to help understand damage mechanisms under such conditions. Two specimen geometries were tested in the improved rig using Mach 0.5 jets: “teardrop” burner bar and button specimens. Both types of specimens had electron beam–physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) prepared ceramic layers of either ZrO2-Y2O3 (7YSZ) or ZrO2-Y2O3-Gd2O3-Yb2O3 (ZYGdYb) applied over PtAl bond coats using various processing parameters or interface treatments. Specimen temperatures for this study were either 980 °C (1800 °F) or 1090 °C (2000 °F).