bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed prostate cancer risk‐adjusted testing: a new paradigm
Authors: Stricker Phillip D , Frydenberg Mark , Kneebone Andrew , Chopra Samarth 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There is now clear evidence that prostate‐specific antigen testing will reduce death from prostate cancer and this data can be used to define those subgroups of men that most stand to benefit from prostate cancer screening. This will help minimise over‐detection and improve information provided, so men can provide informed consent.We feel that risk‐adjusted screening guidelines, such as the one proposed in the present article, should become the new standard for prostate cancer testing, which will hopefully resolve some of the confusion held by patients and clinicians alike.
Currently there is significant confusion and polarisation about prostate cancer screening for both patients and physicians alike.
We propose a risk‐adjusted testing programme, which would lead to fewer patients who need to be tested and treated to save a life and also eliminate inappropriate prostate‐specific antigen testing in the elderly and patients with severe co‐morbidities where there is no clear benefit.
Mechanical Analysis of Twelve Toggle Suture Constructs for Stabilization of Coxofemoral Luxations
Authors: Jha Shantibhushan , Kowaleski Michael P. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the mechanical performance of 12 commonly used toggle suture constructs (TSCs).Study DesignIn vitrobiomechanical study.Sample PopulationToggle suture constructs (n = 136).MethodsTSCevaluated included #5OrthoFiber, double strand of 5 Ethibond sutures (polyethylene terephthalate suture), 80 lb monofilament nylon, or #5 FiberWire, combined with Piermattei toggle (3/32" Steinmann pin), modified Piermattei toggle (0.045" Kirschner wire), and 1/8" Securos toggle rod for a total of 12 test groups. Acute and cyclic testing were performed using a servohydraulic testing machine and load at failure and cycles to failure were determined.ResultsIn acute testing, modifiedPiermatteiTSCs failed by toggle deformation andPiermattei andSecurosTSCs failed by suture breakage at the eyelet. Mean failure load ofPiermattei‐#5OrthoFiberTSC(1416 ± 74 N) was significantly greater than that ofPiermattei‐#5Ethibond (883 ± 38 N); both were significantly greater than all otherTSCs. Only thePiermatteiTSCwith #5OrthoFiber, #5Ethibond, and 80 lb monofilament nylon did not fail during cyclic testing.ConclusionA combination of thePiermattei toggle and #5OrthoFiber or #5Ethibond achieved a higher load at failure than all other groups, and resisted the greatest number of cycles to failure. Long‐term mechanical testing of theseTSCs are warranted to further define their durability.
Ex vivoContact Mechanics and Three‐Dimensional Alignment of Normal Dog Elbows after Proximal Ulnar Rotational Osteotomy
Authors: Cuddy Laura C. , Lewis Daniel D. , Kim Stanley E. , Conrad Bryan P. , Banks Scott A. , Horodyski MaryBeth , Fitzpatrick Noel , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of proximal ulnar rotational osteotomy (PURO) on the contact mechanics and 3‐dimensional (3D) alignment of cadaveric normal dog elbows.Study DesignEx vivobiomechanical study.AnimalsUnpaired thoracic limbs from 12 dogs (mean ± SD weight, 26 ± 4 kg).MethodsPUROconsisted of a transverse osteotomy with 30° external rotation of the proximal segment. With the limb under 200 N axial load, contact area (CA), mean contact pressure (CP) and peak contact pressure (PCP) were measured using digital pressure sensors in the medial and lateral compartments and 3D static elbow poses were obtained, before and afterPURO. Each specimen was tested at 115°, 135°, and 155° elbow flexion, with the antebrachium in neutral rotation, in 28° supination, and in 16° pronation. Repeated measures ANOVAs with post‐hoc Bonferroni (P≤ .05) were performed.ResultsPUROcaused significant changes, mostly at 135° elbow flexion and neutral antebrachial rotation, characterized by decreasedCP(10%) andPCP(10%) in the medial compartment, and increasedCP(27%) andPCP(23%) in the lateral compartment. The apex of the medial coronoid process translated 3.4 mm caudally, 1.7 mm abaxially, and rotated 1.8° externally relative to the radial head. Humeroradial varus angulation reduced by 6.7°.ConclusionsIn limited poses,PUROdisplaces the medial coronoid process caudally and abaxially and shifts contact pressures towards the lateral elbow compartment by decreasing varus angulation.
Tenoscopic Surgical Treatment of Tears of the Manica Flexoria in 53 Horses
Authors: Findley Judith Alice , De Oliveira Fil , Bladon Bruce 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine typical clinical features associated with tears of the manica flexoria (MF) and prognosis for return to athletic function after surgical resection.Study designCase series.MethodsMedical records (January 2001–December 2011) of horses that underwent tenoscopic surgical treatment of MF tears were reviewed and outcome obtained by telephone questionnaire of owners.ResultsFifty three horses (65 MF tears) were treated; 83% were cobs or ponies. Injuries occurred more frequently in hindlimbs (85%) and effusion of the digital flexor tendon sheath was associated with all MF tears. Follow‐up (>3 months after surgery) revealed that 42 horses (79%) returned to pre‐injury level of ridden exercise, 7 horses returned to a lower level of exercise, 3 remained lame, and 1 was euthanatized.ConclusionsInjury to the MF is most likely to occur in hindlimbs with cobs and ponies overrepresented.
Effect of Contouring on Bending Structural Stiffness and Bending Strength of the 3.5 Titanium SOP Implant
Authors: Rutherford Scott , Ness Malcolm G. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the bending structural stiffness (BSS) and bending strength (BS) of the 3.5 titanium (Ti) string of pearls (SOP) plate and the 3.5 316LVM stainless steel SOP plate; and the effect of contouring on the BSS and BS of the 3.5 Ti SOP plate.Study DesignIn vitro experimental static 4‐point bending materials testing.Sample PopulationTwenty‐five 3.5 mm Ti and five 3.5 mm 316LVM stainless steel SOP locking bone plates.MethodsEach plate was tested in 4‐point bending until 10 mm of displacement was achieved. BSS and BS were then calculated for each plate. A 2‐sample t‐test was used to compare the mean BSS and BS of the different groups.ResultsThe 3.5 Ti SOP plate had lower mean BSS (0.00263 Nm2) but similar mean BS (12.8 Nm) when compared to the 3.5 316LVM SOP (0.00402 Nm2, 13.0 Nm). Prebending the 3.5 Ti SOP diminished its mean BSS (0.00224 Nm2) and mean BS (9.4 Nm) when compared to the Ti control. Pretwisting the 3.5 Ti SOP increased its mean BSS (0.00273 Nm2) but decreased its mean BS (12.4 Nm) when compared to the Ti control.ConclusionThe 3.5 Ti SOP is less stiff but of similar strength to the 3.5 316LVM stainless steel SOP. Prebending the Ti SOP significantly lowers its stiffness and strength. Pretwisting the SOP actually increases its stiffness but slightly lowers its strength.
Effect of Two Instrument Designs on Laparoscopic Skills Performance
Authors: Barry Sabrina L. , Fransson Boel A. , Spall Benjamin F. , Gay John M. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether laparoscopic skills performance is affected by instrument design.Study DesignRandomized crossover study.Sample PopulationVeterinarians (n = 14) with variable laparoscopic experience.MethodsLaparoscopic skills performance was assessed with the McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills (MISTELS). Participants performed 3 MISTELS tasks twice during 2 sessions (4 tests total). Each set of instruments (set A, B) was used once during each session, and instrument order was switched between the first and second sessions. Surgeons were randomly allocated to either the AB‐BA or the BA‐AB sequence in a balanced fashion. Scores were compared between instrument sets A and B.ResultsOverall, participants performed better when using set A compared with set B. This difference was most striking in the pattern‐cutting task (which used scissors and graspers), less convincing in the peg transfer task (which used 2 graspers), and nonexistent in the ligature loop task (which used 1 grasper and 1 pretied ligature loop).ConclusionsLaparoscopic skills performance, as assessed by MISTELS testing, is affected by instrument design.
In VitroMechanical Testing of an Alternate Laryngoplasty System(ALPS) for Horses
Authors: Ahern Benjamin J. , Boston Raymond C. , Parente Eric J. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveMechanical evaluation of a novel alternate laryngoplasty system (ALPS).Study DesignExperimental.Animal PopulationCadaveric horse larynges (n = 10).MethodsArytenoid and cricoid cartilages were embedded for testing. A novel laryngoplasty system consisting of a metallic anchor, 2 stands of #2 suture material, and a metallic button were evaluated. A traditional laryngoplasty using a single strand of #5Ethibond was evaluated in parallel. Constructs were evaluated in cyclic testing oscillating from 30 to 50 N for 3600 cycles. Constructs subsequently underwent a single cycle to failure. Distraction during cyclic testing was recorded. Load at failure and stiffness were calculated from single‐cycle failure testing.ResultsThere was no difference in mean arytenoid single‐cycle load‐to‐failure for theEthibond (206.9 ± 13.1 N) constructs compared withALPS(220.6 ±17.1 N) constructs (P= .486). In the cricoid under single‐cycle testing, theALPS(236.0 ± 23.4 N) constructs were significantly stronger than the Ethibond (161.5 ± 12.2 N) constructs (P= .013). The combined distraction was significantly greater forEthibond (6.29 ± 1.24 mm) constructs compared to theALPS(3.43 ± 0.28 mm) constructs (P= .033).ConclusionsTheALPSconstruct was stiffer and at least as strong as the traditional laryngoplasty construct in single cycle failure in both the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages. Combined distraction was significantly reduced using theALPScompared to the traditional laryngoplastyin vitrounder cyclic testing.
TGF‐β1 expression in wound healing is acutely affected by experimental malnutrition and early enteral feeding
Authors: Alves Claudia Cristina , Torrinhas Raquel Susana , Giorgi Ricardo , Brentani Maria Mitzi , Logullo Angela Flavia , Waitzberg Dan Linetzky 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMalnutrition is associated with the delay or failure of healing. We assessed the effect of experimental malnutrition and early enteral feeding with standard diet or diet supplemented with arginine and antioxidants on the levels of mRNA encoding growth factors in acute, open wound healing. Standardised cutaneous dorsal wounds and gastrostomies for enteral feeding were created in malnourished (M, n = 27) and eutrophic control (E, n = 30) Lewis male adult rats. Both M and E rats received isocaloric and isonitrogenous regimens with oral chow and saline (C), standard (S) or supplemented (A) enteral diets. On post‐trauma day 7, mRNA levels of growth factor genes were analysed in wound granulation tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). M(C) rats had significantly lower transforming growth factor β(TGF‐β1) mRNA levels than E(C) rats (2·58 ± 0·83 versus 3·53 ± 0·57, P < 0·01) and in comparison with M(S) and M(A) rats (4·66 ± 2·49 and 4·61 ± 2·11, respectively; P < 0·05). VEGF and KGF‐7 mRNA levels were lower in M(A) rats than in E(A) rats (0·74 ± 0·16 versus 1·25 ± 0·66; and 1·07 ± 0·45 versus 1·79 ± 0·89, respectively; P≤ 0·04), but did not differ from levels in E(C) and M(C) animals. In experimental open acute wound healing, previous malnutrition decreased local mRNA levels of TGF‐β1 genes, which was minimised by early enteral feeding with standard or supplemented diets.
Intratesticular 13‐cis retinoic acid is lower in men with abnormal semen analyses: a pilot study
Authors: Nya‐Ngatchou J. J. , Arnold S. L. M. , Walsh T. J. , Muller C. H. , Page S. T. , Isoherranen N. , Amory J. K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntratesticular retinoic acid is necessary for spermatogenesis, but the relationship between intratesticular retinoic acid and sperm quality in man has not been studied. We hypothesized that intratesticular concentrations of retinoic acid would be lower in men with abnormal semen analyses compared to men with normal semen analyses. We recruited men requiring scrotal or penile surgery in a pilot observational study examining the relationship between sperm quality and intratesticular and serum retinoic acid. Twenty‐four men provided two pre‐operative blood and semen samples, and underwent a testicular biopsy during surgery. Serum and tissue all‐trans and 13‐cis retinoic acid and reproductive hormones were measured by LC/MS/MS and radioimmunoassays, respectively. Seven men had abnormal semen analyses by at least one WHO criteria and 17 men were normal. In men with abnormal semen, the median (25th, 75th percentile) intratesticular 13‐cis retinoic acid was 0.14 (0.08, 0.25) pmol/gram tissue compared with 0.26 (0.18, 0.38) pmol/gram tissue in men with normal semen (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in intratesticular all‐trans retinoic acid or serum reproductive hormones between men with normal and abnormal semen analyses. Intratesticular 13‐cis retinoic acid is significantly lower in men with abnormal semen analyses compared to men with normal semen analyses. Lower intratesticular 13‐cis retinoic acid concentrations may be due to decreased biosynthesis or increased metabolism in the testes. Further investigation of the relationship between intratesticular 13‐cis retinoic acid and poor sperm quality is warranted to determine if this association is present in infertile men.
Spermatozoa and seminal plasma fatty acids as predictors of cryopreservation success
Authors: Martínez‐Soto J. C. , Landeras J. , Gadea J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThere is a lack of information about the importance of fatty acid composition of the human sperm membranes and seminal plasma in the cryopreservation procedure. Our aims were to study the possible relationships between the fatty acid composition of human spermatozoa or seminal fluid before freezing, and the sperm quality, measured in terms of viability and motility, before and after freezing–thawing. A further objective of this study was to determine whether the antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the seminal plasma is related to fatty acid (FA) composition and to success of the cryopreservation process. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ω3 PUFAs and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in spermatozoa were significantly positively correlated with sperm viability and motility parameters before and after freezing. An inverse relationship was found for monounsaturated (MUFA), ratio ω6/ω3, ratio saturated saturated fatty acids/PUFA (SFA/PUFA) with the seminal parameters. Seminal plasma fatty acid composition was not related to viability. However, motility parameters before and after freezing were related to stearic acid (C18:0) and DHA. TAC in seminal plasma was directly related to PUFA, w3 and DHA. On the other hand, SFA, C22:0, C24:0 and MUFA in seminal plasma were inversely related to the antioxidant capacity. TAC was directly correlated with motion parameters after thawing, We described a significant correlation between the fatty acid composition of the human spermatozoa or seminal plasma and the sperm parameters of the samples after thawing. PUFA, W3 and specially DHA are directly correlated with sperm motility and viability after freezing/thawing, and MUFA was inversely correlated. This means that in the future the fatty acid composition could be used as a predictor of the capacity of cryopreservation. On the other hand, we could design further procedures to modify the lipid composition or/and antioxidant capacity of ejaculate to make it more resistant to the cryopreservation process.
Benefits of psychosocial intervention and continuity of care by child and family health nurses in the pre‐ and postnatal period: process evaluation
Authors: Kemp Lynn , Harris Elizabeth , McMahon Catherine , Matthey Stephen , Vimpani Graham , Anderson Teresa , Schmied Virginia , Aslam Henna 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo report a programme theory for pre‐natal home visiting by nurses in the context of a sustained nurse home visiting programme by exploring pre‐ and postnatal outcomes and characteristics of the intervention that may have contributed to the outcomes.BackgroundStudies have shown sustained nurse home visiting commencing pre‐natally to be effective. Few studies have explored the processes by which pre‐natal activities by nurses contribute to achieving effective outcomes.DesignProcess evaluation.MethodsProcess and outcome data from a randomized controlled trial of sustained nurse home visiting in an area of socioeconomic disadvantage in Western Sydney between 2005–2008 were collated. The pre‐natal intervention focused on improving transition to parenting by supporting mothers through pregnancy. Health and service use outcome data were analysed for 208 women (111 intervention; 97 comparison receiving usual care). Five nurses delivering the intervention completed checklists detailing activities undertaken.ResultsNurses provided information, psychosocial support, and health promoting activities for families. Intervention mothers had a higher rate of unassisted vaginal births than the general population. Compared with comparison mothers, intervention mothers at 4–6 weeks postnatally reported better general health and felt significantly more enabled to cope with and understand their baby and to care for themselves and their baby.ConclusionComprehensive support, in a context of enabling client‐nurse relationships and continuity of carer are the ways by which antenatal nurse home visiting achieves benefits for women and infants, having an impact on both clinical outcomes such as rates of normal vaginal delivery and maternal service engagement.
Differential introgression from a sister species explains highFSToutlier loci within a mussel species
Authors: Gosset C. C. , Bierne N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractScanning genomes for loci with high levels of population differentiation has become a standard of population genetics.FSToutlier loci are most often interpreted as signatures of local selection, but outliers might arise for many other reasons too often left unexplored. Here, we tried to identify further the history and genetic basis underlying strong differentiation atFSToutlier loci in a marine mussel. A genome scan of genetic differentiation has been conducted betweenAtlantic andMediterranean populations ofMytilus galloprovincialis. The differentiation was low overall (FST = 0.03), but seven loci (2%) were strongFSToutliers. We then analysedDNAsequence polymorphism at two outlier loci. The genetic structure proved to be the consequence of differential introgression of alleles from the sister‐hybridizing speciesMytilus edulis. Surprisingly, theMediterranean population was the most introgressed at these two loci, although the contact zone between the two species is nowadays localized along theAtlantic coasts ofFrance and theBritishIsles. A historical contact betweenM. edulisandMediterraneanM. galloprovincialisshould have happened during glacial periods. It proved difficult to disentangle two hypotheses: (i) introgression was adaptive, implyingedulisalleles have been favoured inMediterranean populations, or (ii) the genetic architecture of the barrier toedulisgene flow is different between the twoM. galloprovincialisbackgrounds. Five of the seven outliers betweenM. galloprovincialispopulations were also outliers betweenM. edulisandAtlanticM. galloprovincialis, which would support the latter hypothesis. Differential introgression across semi‐permeable barriers to gene flow is a neglected scenario to interpret outlying loci that may prove more widespread than anticipated.
Re‐Theorizing Change: Institutional Experimentation and the Struggle for Domination in the Field of Public Accounting
Authors: Malsch Bertrand , Gendron Yves 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing change theory integrated with Bourdieusian sociology, we re‐theorize a major institutional shift in the field of public accounting. The case we examine involves the consolidation of commercial values in the auditing profession. In reinterpreting this shift, we highlight an institutional process structured around a conflict between commercial innovators and guardians of the professional tradition. Our analysis indicates a peculiar kind of institutional work, wherein economic capital is reinforced at the field level while the logic of commercialism is strengthened in accounting firms' structures and practitioners' mindset. From our studying of the field of accountancy, we develop the concept of institutional experimentation in order to offer a view of institutional work as a fragile and unpredictable process. Specifically, the latter is subject to trials and tests by actors involved in a series of more or less connected experiments in trying to extend their professional jurisdiction through institutional innovation, while seeking to consolidate the traditional foundations of their jurisdictional legitimacy through institutional reproduction. Our paper also challenges the notion of organizational archetypes. While a focus on the firms' formal organizational parameters may suggest archetypical stability, the picture is more complex when one takes into account processes of institutional experimentation and the duality of institutional change and stability.
Disc displacement within the human temporomandibular joint: a systematic review of a ‘noisy annoyance’
Authors: Naeije M. , te Veldhuis A. H. , te Veldhuis E. C. , Visscher C. M. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryTo describe the scientific literature about the diagnosis, prevalence, aetiology, natural course and possible treatment modalities of disc displacements within the temporomandibular (TM) joint. PubMed was searched for specific indexing terms. The search yielded 1211 papers. After screening according to title and abstract, 695 papers were excluded, and after full‐text reading, 107 papers remained. Hand‐searching of the reference lists resulted in an extra 47 papers. Thirteen studies, published since the literature search was carried out, were also included, resulting in 167 papers for this review. A disc displacement is a highly prevalent derangement within the TM joint, with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to 35% in the general population. A disc displacement with reduction is mostly a stable, pain‐free and lifelong condition of the joint. In only a small minority of patients, the disc loses its capacity to reduce on opening. Surprisingly, only in rare cases, the loss of disc reduction is accompanied by signs and symptoms of a closed lock (viz. a painful and limited mouth opening). These signs and symptoms have a tendency to reduce and in many cases to resolve within months. The favourable natural course of disc displacements only warrants active treatment for symptomatic disc displacements without reduction. The primary treatment option is a conservative, non‐surgical treatment focusing at speeding up the natural process of alleviation of pain and of improvement in mouth opening. For most patients, a disc displacement is just a pain‐free, lifelong lasting, ‘noisy annoyance’ from their TM joint.