bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the effects of curcumin on oxidative stress injury in brain vascular endothelial cells using lactoferrin peptide nano‐micelles: antioxidant activity and mechanism
Authors: Chen Guipan , Wang Yiyang , Liu Xuebo , Liu Fuguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurcumin is widely known for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, but its mechanism of action in mitigating oxidative stress injury in brain vascular endothelial cells remains unclear. Due to the poor bioavailability of curcumin, it is challenging to achieve effective concentrations at the target sites. Nano‐micelles are known for their ability to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds like curcumin. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of free curcumin and curcumin embedded in nano‐micelles (M(Cur)) on oxidative stress‐induced injury in bEnd.3 cells.RESULTSAt a protective concentration of 10 μg mL−1, micellar curcumin was better able to recover the morphology of bEnd.3 cells under oxidative stress while increasing cell viability, restoring mitochondrial membrane electrical potential, and effectively inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation with a positive cell rate of 2.21%. These results indicate that curcumin significantly improves H2O2‐induced oxidative stress damage in endothelial cells by maintaining the cellular antioxidant balance.CONCLUSIONThis study adds to knowledge regarding the role of nano‐micelles in curcumin intervention for endothelial cell oxidative damage and provides insights for the development of curcumin‐based dietary supplements. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multi‐Photon Super‐Linear Image Scanning Microscopy Using Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Baolei , Ding Lei , Chen Chaohao , Shan Xuchen , Wang Dajing , Tian Menghan , Song Jiaqi , Zheng Ze , Xu Xiaoxue , Zhong Xiaolan , Wang Fan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSuper‐resolution fluorescence microscopy is of great interest in life science studies for visualizing subcellular structures at the nanometer scale. Among various kinds of super‐resolution approaches, image scanning microscopy (ISM) offers a doubled resolution enhancement in a simple and straightforward manner, based on the commonly used confocal microscopes. ISM is also suitable to be integrated with multi‐photon microscopy techniques, such as two‐photon excitation and second‐harmonic generation imaging, for deep tissue imaging, but it remains the twofold limited resolution enhancement and requires expensive femtosecond lasers. Here, the super‐linear ISM (SL‐ISM) pushes the resolution enhancement beyond the factor of two is presented and experimentally demonstrated, with a single low‐power, continuous‐wave, and near‐infrared laser, by harnessing the emission nonlinearity within the multiphoton excitation process of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). Based on a modified confocal microscope, a resolution of ≈120 nm, 1/8th of the excitation wavelength is achieved. Furthermore, a parallel detection strategy of SL‐ISM with the multifocal structured excitation pattern is demonstrated, to speed up the acquisition frame rate. This method suggests a new perspective for super‐resolution imaging or sensing, multi‐photon imaging, and deep‐tissue imaging with simple, low‐cost, and straightforward implementations.
Dizziness and Imbalance Across the Lifespan: Findings of a Pediatric and Adult Vestibular Clinic
Authors: Ferreira Alana L. , Windsor Alanna M. , Hwa Tiffany P. , Wang Stephanie Y. , Field Erin W. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , O'Reilly Robert C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate diagnostic trends in pediatric and adult patients presenting for multidisciplinary subspecialty evaluation of dizziness and imbalance across the lifespan.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingSingle pediatric and single adult academic tertiary care hospital.MethodsRetrospective review of electronic health record for patients presenting to an adult or pediatric multidisciplinary vestibular clinic from 2017 to 2020, including clinical data, physical therapy evaluation, and audiovestibular testing.ResultsA total of 1934 patients aged 1 to 95 were evaluated. Most patients were female (n = 1188, 61%); the largest cohort was in the fifth decade of life (n = 321, 17%). Seventy‐six percent of patients (n = 1470) were assigned a pathologic diagnosis. Central causes of dizziness were most common in children and young adults, comprising 38% to 54% of all diagnoses in ages 1 to 30. The proportion of peripheral vestibular disorders increased with age, peaking at 32% in ages 61 to 70. Vestibular migraine was the most common pathologic diagnosis in ages 6 to 20 (n = 110, 39%) and 31 and 50 (n = 69, 17%) regardless of gender, but was more prevalent in females (21% vs 14%; P < .0001). The prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) increased throughout the lifespan, peaking at age 71 to 80. Meniere's disease (MD) did not occur within the first decade of life, but increased thereafter, peaking at ages 51 to 60.ConclusionMultidisciplinary vestibular evaluation resulted in a diagnosis for the majority of patients. Vestibular diagnoses vary across the lifespan however among most age groups, central disorders, including migraine disorders, outnumber peripheral vestibulopathies. The prevalence of peripheral vestibular disorders such as BPPV and MD increased with age.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Tracheostomy Avoidance in Flap Reconstruction of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract is Safe in Selected Patients
Authors: Holcomb Andrew J. , White Andrew , Rossman Emily , Wagoner Luke , Akhter Sidra , Gillespie Megan , Meyer Charles D. , Lindau Robert , Panwar Aru , Osmolak Angela , Militsakh Oleg , Lydiatt William , Coughlin Andrew M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveAssess the impact of tracheostomy on postoperative morbidity and mortality and examine factors that predicted tracheostomy in head and neck flap patients.Study DesignRetrospective cohort January 2017 to December 2021.SettingSingle tertiary center.MethodsAdult patients undergoing head and neck flap reconstruction were included, excluding cutaneous reconstruction, laryngectomy, or with tracheostomy present at surgery. Patients were routinely extubated immediately following surgery. Univariate and multivariable analyses examined associations between tracheostomy and postoperative outcomes and identified predictors of tracheostomy.ResultsWe included 193 patients, 69 (35.8%) with tracheostomy and 124 (64.2%) without. Tracheostomy avoidance was associated with no difference in 30‐day mortality (P = .531) and with decreased likelihood of 30‐day complications (0.019), unplanned return to the operating room (0.021), and discharge to a facility (<0.001) and with 2.2 decrease in length of stay on multivariable analysis (confidence interval [CI]: 0.62‐3.82, P = .007). Four patients (2.1%) required reactive tracheostomy with no resulting mortalities. Significant associations with tracheostomy on multivariable analysis included bilateral neck dissections (odds ratio [OR]: 3.13, CI 1.12‐9.06, P = .030), number of resected mandibular subsites (OR: 2.65, CI: 1.50‐5.67, P = .0023), specimen volume (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.29‐2.71, P = .001), body mass index < 20 (OR: 3.80, CI: 1.24‐11.64, P = .019), mandibulectomy (OR: 0.04, CI: 0.01‐0.22, P < .001), forearm flap (OR: 0.15, CI: 0.05‐0.41, P < .001), oral cavity site (OR: 0.21, CI: 0.06‐0.73, P = .014), and age > 70 (OR: 0.33, CI: 0.14‐0.81, P = .016).ConclusionTracheostomy avoidance is safe in properly selected patients undergoing head and neck flap reconstruction. Multiple factors predicted tracheostomy, which may guide patient selection at other centers.
Valacyclovir and Acyclovir Are Substrates of the Guanine Deaminase Cytosolic PSD‐95 Interactor (Cypin)
Authors: Lange Keith R. , Rasheed Noor , Su Xiaoyang , Diaz‐Rubio M. Elena , Firestein Bonnie L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTValacyclovir, enzymatically hydrolyzed in the body to acyclovir, is a guanine‐based nucleoside analog commonly prescribed as an antiviral therapy. Previous reports suggest that guanosine analogs bind to guanine deaminase; however, it is unclear whether they act as inhibitors or substrates. Data from our laboratory suggest that inhibition of guanine deaminase by small molecules attenuates spinal cord injury‐induced neuropathic pain. Here, we examine whether the guanosine analogs valacyclovir and acyclovir are deaminated by cypin (cytosolic PSD‐95 interactor), the major guanine deaminase in the body, or if they act as cypin inhibitors. Using purified Rattus norvegicus cypin, we use NADH‐coupled assay to confirm deamination of valacyclovir and determined Michaelis–Menten constants. Subsequently, we use tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay to calculate dissociation constants for valacyclovir and acyclovir and find that inclusion of the valine motif in valacyclovir increases affinity for cypin compared to acyclovir. To our knowledge, neither K
m nor K
D values for cypin has been previously reported for either compound. We use Amplex Red assay and demonstrate that both valacyclovir and acyclovir are cypin substrates and that their metabolites are further processed by xanthine oxidase and uricase. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that an alpha helix near the active site is displaced when valacyclovir binds to cypin. Furthermore, we used LC–MS‐based assay to directly confirm deamination of valacyclovir by cypin. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel role for cypin in deamination of valacyclovir and acyclovir and suggest that therapeutics based on purine structures may be inactivated by cypin, decreasing inhibitory efficacy.
Quantifying the serviceability flexural benefits of using UHPFRC in profiled slabs
Authors: Chen S. , Visintin P. , Sturm A. B. , Oehlers D. J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) in profiled slabs, as opposed to normal strength concrete without fibers, has been shown experimentally to significantly increase both the bond between the profiled sheet and the concrete, and the tensile forces across cracked concrete. The consequence of these fiber benefits is to substantially increase the flexural rigidity leading to reduced deflections and also to substantially reduced crack widths leading to improved behavior under serviceability loads and to improved durability. To quantify these benefits so that they can be used in design, a rational partial‐interaction numerical model has been developed that can incorporate the material properties of any type of UHPFRC including time‐effects. This modeling should help in the development of simplified design rules for specific fiber types.
Some Insights into the Environmental History of the Dinaric Karst
Authors: Zwitter Žiga , Fuerst-Bjeliš Borna , Mrgić Jelena , Petrić Hrvoje , Zorn Matija 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe explanations of the terms environmental history and karst are followed by an introduction to the Dinaric Karst and a selection of groundbreaking examples of the early intellectual history of karst research in this environmental macroregion, placing the Dinaric Karst on the European intellectual history map. Then, the scope and contents of the volume Environmental Histories of the Dinaric Karst are outlined. The research presented in this monograph is based on several classic research topics of the interactions between human society and the rest of nature in karst, but it implements fresh, modern environmental history approaches.
Climate and Discharge Trends, and Flood Hazard in Slovenia’s Dinaric Karst Region Since the Mid-Twentieth Century
Authors: Hrvatin Mauro , Zorn Matija 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe temperature, precipitation, and snow-cover data collected at the meteorological stations in the Slovenia’s Dinaric Karst region between 1961 and 2020 indicate rapid and clear climate change. During this period, temperatures increased by 2.5 °C on average, precipitation decreased by 50–400 mm on average, and the number of days with snow cover declined by 30–60%. Several studies have confirmed that these changes have a strong impact on water conditions. What is alarming is especially a decrease in the average minimum and mean discharges, and a downward trend can also be observed for many average maximum discharges.Over the past sixty years, the climate in Slovenia’s Dinaric Karst region has become warmer and drier, and there has been a significant reduction in the volume of water at most gauging stations in the area studied. Based on the trends described, a significantly smaller flood hazard would be expected, but data from the past decades suggest the opposite. The following are highlighted as possible reasons for the current flood hazard: upward trends in absolute maximum discharges in individual river basins, a slightly downward trend in absolute maximum discharges and their simultaneously greater variability, various forms of land development that used to be avoided due to the risk of flooding, and more frequent short-term extreme precipitation events causing flash floods on smaller streams.
A common framework for fermion mass hierarchy, leptogenesis and dark matter
Authors: Arbeláez Carolina , Hernández A. E. Cárcamo , Dib Claudio , Contreras Patricio Escalona , K. N. Vishnudath , Zerwekh Alfonso 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we explore an extension of the Standard Model designed to elucidate the fermion mass hierarchy, account for the dark matter relic abundance, and explain the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. Beyond the Standard Model particle content, our model introduces additional scalars and fermions. Notably, the light active neutrinos and the first two generations of charged fermions acquire masses at the one-loop level. The model accommodates successful low-scale leptogenesis, permitting the mass of the decaying heavy right-handed neutrino to be as low as 10 TeV. We conduct a detailed analysis of the dark matter phenomenology and explore various interesting phenomenological implications. These include charged lepton flavor violation, muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments, constraints arising from electroweak precision observables, and implications for collider experiments.
Non-minimal elliptic threefolds at infinite distance. Part I. Log Calabi-Yau resolutions
Authors: Álvarez-García Rafael , Lee Seung-Joo , Weigand Timo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study infinite-distance limits in the complex structure moduli space of elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds. In F-theory compactifications to six dimensions, such limits include infinite-distance trajectories in the non-perturbative open string moduli space. The limits are described as degenerations of elliptic threefolds whose central elements exhibit non-minimal elliptic fibers, in the Kodaira sense, over curves on the base. We show how these non-crepant singularities can be removed by a systematic sequence of blow-ups of the base, leading to a union of log Calabi-Yau spaces glued together along their boundaries. We identify criteria for the blow-ups to give rise to open chains or more complicated trees of components and analyse the blow-up geometry. While our results are general and applicable to all non-minimal degenerations of Calabi-Yau threefolds in codimension one, we exemplify them in particular for elliptic threefolds over Hirzebruch surface base spaces. We also explain how to extract the gauge algebra for F-theory probing such reducible asymptotic geometries. This analysis is the basis for a detailed F-theory interpretation of the associated infinite-distance limits that will be provided in a companion paper [1].
Q-balls in the presence of attractive force
Authors: Hamada Yu , Kawana Kiyoharu , Kim TaeHun , Lu Philip 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Q-balls are non-topological solitons in field theories whose stability is typically guaranteed by the existence of a global conserved charge. A classic realization is the Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin (FLS) Q-ball in a two-scalar system where a real scalar χ triggers symmetry breaking and confines a complex scalar Φ with a global U(1) symmetry. A quartic interaction κχ2|Φ|2 with κ > 0 is usually considered to produce a nontrivial Q-ball configuration, and this repulsive force contributes to its stability. On the other hand, the attractive cubic interaction Λχ|Φ|2 is generally allowed in a renormalizable theory and could induce an instability. In this paper, we study the behavior of the Q-ball under the influence of this attractive force which has been overlooked. We find approximate Q-ball solutions in the limit of weak and moderate force couplings using the thin-wall and thick-wall approximations respectively. Our analytical results are consistent with numerical simulations and predict the parameter dependencies of the maximum charge. A crucial difference with the ordinary FLS Q-ball is the existence of the maximum charge beyond which the Q-ball solution is classically unstable. Such a limitation of the charge fundamentally affects Q-ball formation in the early Universe and could plausibly lead to the formation of primordial black holes.
Approximating Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Functions by Bernstein Operators
Authors: Feng Han , Hui Sonia Y. W. , Shen Ruohan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMotivated by kernel methods in machine learning theory, we study the uniform approximation of functions from reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces by Bernstein operators. Rates of approximation are provided in terms of the function norm in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. A case study of contracting properties of the Bernstein operators is also presented.
Ants (Lasius niger) deposit more pheromone close to food sources and further from the nest but do not attempt to update erroneous pheromone trails
Authors: Czaczkes Tomer J. , Olivera-Rodriguez Federico-Javier , Poissonnier Laure-Anne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany social insects use pheromone trails to recruit workers to resources. Pheromone trails have some limitations, however. Two major limitations are that they evaporate over time, meaning that more distant locations may be more difficult to recruit precisely to, and that they cannot be removed if laid erroneously, or if they become outdated. Here, we ask whether Lasius niger ants can adaptively modulate pheromone deposition to overcome these limitations. Specifically, we first ask whether ants which have followed a pheromone trail to a wrong (unrewarded) location upregulate pheromone deposition to the correct food location to compete with the erroneous trail. They do not. Then, we examine how food distance and proximity to food influence pheromone deposition. We find that ants deposit up to 22 times more pheromone within 10 cm of a food source compared to when they are about to reach the nest. Moreover, they deposit up to four times more pheromone next to a food source placed 100 cm away from the nest as compared to one placed 20 cm away from the nest. Lasius niger ants thus do not display a mechanism for overcoming outdated or erroneously-laid trails by strengthening correct alternatives in our experiment, but do strongly upregulate recruitment to more distant food sources, which are more difficult to locate and recruit to.
Artificial intelligence for response prediction and personalisation in radiation oncology
Authors: Zwanenburg Alex , Price Gareth , Löck Steffen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems may personalise radiotherapy by assessing complex and multifaceted patient data and predicting tumour and normal tissue responses to radiotherapy. Here we describe three distinct generations of AI systems, namely personalised radiotherapy based on pretreatment data, response-driven radiotherapy and dynamically optimised radiotherapy. Finally, we discuss the main challenges in clinical translation of AI systems for radiotherapy personalisation.
Influence of printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed SS316L parts manufactured using laser hot wire directed energy deposition
Authors: Yelamanchi Bharat , Alok Aayush , Prokop Andrew , Martin Holly , Vuksanovich Brian , Macdonald Eric , Rodriguez Mario , Knapp Gerry , Lee Yousub , Feldhausen Thomas , Cortes Pedro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHybrid manufacturing combines the simultaneous benefits of additive manufacturing (complex geometries, part consolidation, and mass customization) with the advantages of subtractive manufacturing (superior surface finish and enhanced dimensional accuracies) by integrating a suite of complementary traditional processes into a base platform of additive manufacturing. The use of hybrid technology has grown in recent years given its capabilities on repairing metallic structures, producing parts with conformal cooling features, and manufacturing functionally graded products. These kinds of capabilities are of great interest to the medical implant, energy, automotive, maritime, and aerospace industry sectors, among many other fields. This work investigated the mechanical properties of stainless steel (SS) 316L as a function of different tool paths strategies using an integrated 5-axis CNC hybrid Mazak system with a laser hot wire deposition system (LHWDS). This study includes the evaluation of different printing parameters and their impact on the quality of the printed bead as well as the incorporation of a structure–property material relationship based on the mechanical performance of the manufactured coupons.
Cantharidin and sodium fluoride attenuate the negative inotropic effect of the A1-adenosine receptor agonist N6-(R)-phenylisopropyl adenosine in isolated human atria
Authors: Schwarz R. , Hofmann B. , Gergs U. , Neumann J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cantharidin and sodium fluoride inhibit the activity of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) and increase the force of contraction in human atrial preparations. R-phenylisopropyl adenosine (R-PIA) acts as an agonist at A1-adenosine receptors. R-PIA exerts a negative inotropic effect on human atria. The effect of R-PIA—and its various manifestations—are currently explained as a function of the inhibition of sarcolemmal adenylyl cyclase activity and/or opening of sarcolemmal potassium channels. We hypothesise that cantharidin and sodium fluoride may attenuate the negative inotropic effect of R-PIA. During open heart surgery, trabeculae carneae from the right atrium were obtained for human atrial preparations (HAPs). These trabeculae were mounted in organ baths and electrically stimulated at 1 Hz. Furthermore, we studied isolated electrically stimulated left atrial (LA) preparations from female wild-type mice (CD1). The force of contraction was recorded under isometric conditions. R-PIA (1 µM) exerted a rapid negative inotropic effect in the HAPs and mice LA preparations. These negative inotropic effects of R-PIA were attenuated by pre-incubation for 30 min with 100-µM cantharidin in HAPs, but not in mice LA preparations. Adenosine signals via A1 receptors in a species-specific pathway in mammalian atria. We postulate that R-PIA, at least in part, exerts a negative inotropic effect via activation of serine/threonine phosphatases in the human atrium.