bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrosoluble vitamin E on erythrocyte membrane lipid composition in patients with advanced cirrhosis: An open‐label pilot trial
Authors: Restellini Sophie , Alaei Mahnaz , Matthes Thomas , Kherad Omar , Moschetta Antonio , Spahr Laurent 
Published: October 2014

AimDeficiency in vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, participates in abnormal erythrocyte membrane lipids, structural alterations and hemolysis in advanced cirrhosis. Poor absorption of fat‐soluble vitamins limits full correction of deficiency with standard formulations in cirrhosis with cholestasis. The aim of the present study was to examine safety and effects of tocofersolan, a water‐soluble derivative of vitamin E, on erythrocyte membrane lipids and anemia in patients with biopsy‐proven advanced cirrhosis, vitamin E deficiency and hemolysis.MethodsTwenty patients (age, 53 ± 10 years; Child class B/C, 8/12), with low plasma vitamin E, chronic anemia and hemolysis, received oral tocofersolan 700 mg/day for 4 weeks. Erythrocyte membrane lipid composition (cholesterol [Chol], phospholipids [Phosph]) was determined by enzymatic assays. Total and conjugated bilirubin, hemoglobin and vitamin E were measured.ResultsAbdominal pain occurred in one patient. Five patients received blood transfusions due to severe anemia. After 4 weeks, both Chol and Phosph decreased, but changes were not significant. Both plasma vitamin E (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin (P < 0.05) increased, together with a decrease in total (P < 0.05) and conjugated (P < 0.05) bilirubin.ConclusionIn patients with advanced cirrhosis, low vitamin E plasma levels and chronic anemia with hemolysis, oral tocofersolan was overall well tolerated, but did not affect erythrocyte membrane lipid composition.
Biocompatibility of new nanostructural materials based on active silicate systems and hydroxyapatite: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Petrović V. , Opačić‐Galić V. , Živković S. , Nikolić B. , Danilović V. , Miletić V. , Jokanović V. , Mitić‐Ćulafić D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo inflammatory response to new nanostructural materials based on active calcium silicate systems (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA‐CS).MethodologyCytotoxicity of eluates of new nanostructural noncommercial materials CS and HA‐CS, and MTA (White MTA, Angelus® Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, Brazil) as a control, were tested using the MTT assay on MRC‐5 cells. Eluates of set materials were tested in 100% and 50% concentrations, 24 h, 7 days and 21 days post‐elution. The pH values were determined for undiluted eluates of set materials. Polyethylene tubes containing the test materials (CS, HA‐CS, MTA) were implanted in subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. Histopathological examinations were conducted at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after the implantation. Data were statistically analyzed using three‐way and one‐way anova Tukey's post hoc test as well as Kruskall–Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test at α = 0.05.ResultsAll materials significantly reduced cell viability; especially when undiluted eluates were used (P < 0.001). After 24 h elution, cell viability was 10 ± 1.8%, 49.5 ± 4.2% and 61 ± 7.4%, for MTA, and HA‐CS, respectively. However, CS and HA‐CS were significantly less toxic than the control material MTA (P < 0.05). Cytotoxicity could be at least partially attributed to pH kinetics over time. Dilution of eluates of all tested materials resulted in better cell survival. Histopathological examination indicated similar inflammatory reaction, vascular congestion and connective tissue integrity associated with CS, HA‐CS and MTA at each observation period (P > 0.05). The only significant difference was found for capsule thickness, that is thicker capsule was associated with HA‐CS compared to MTA at 60 days (P = 0.0039). HA‐CS induced moderately thick capsules (median score 3, score range 2‐3), whereas MTA resulted in thin capsule formation (median score 2, score range 1‐3).ConclusionsEvaluation of cytotoxicity and inflammatory response indicated better biocompatibility of CS and HA‐CS, in comparison with MTA (White MTA, Angelus® Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, Brazil).
Knock‐down of p300 decreases the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation potentiality of HDPCs
Authors: Liu H. J. , Wang T. , Li Q. M. , Guan X. Y. , Xu Q. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of p300 in the regulation of proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).MethodologyThe recombinant lentiviral vector pshRNA‐copGFP was used to knock‐down p300 expression in HDPCs. Protein level of acetylated H3 was detected. The proliferation of HDPCs was measured using the CCK8 assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining, respectively. The expression levels of Cdc25A, p21waf1 and the cleaved products of caspase 3 and caspase 7 were determined utilizing real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured, and the formation of mineralized nodules was assessed using alizarin red staining after the induction of odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs. The expression levels of the odontogenic differentiation markers DMP‐1, DSPP and DSP were detected utilizing real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis.ResultsAfter p300 was knocked down in HDPCs, p300 was significantly down‐regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, and histone H3 acetylation was reduced. The proliferation capacity of HDPCs was suppressed in p300 knock‐down groups. The cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and cell apoptosis was triggered. ALP activity, the formation of mineralized nodules and the expression levels of DMP‐1, DSPP and DSP were all decreased in p300‐knock‐down HDPCs undergoing odontogenic differentiation.ConclusionKnocking down p300 restrains the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation potentiality of HDPCs.
Effects of iRoot BP and white mineral trioxide aggregate on cell viability and the expression of genes associated with mineralization
Authors: Öncel Torun Z. , Torun D. , Demirkaya K. , Yavuz S. T. , Elçi M. P. , Sarper M. , Avcu F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cytotoxicity and mineralization effects of iRoot BP in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and to compare them with those of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA).MethodologyhDPCs were exposed to prepared dilutions (1 : 1–1 : 10) of the test materials. Cell viability was evaluated using the XTT assay after incubation periods of 24, 48 or 72 h. The expression of mineralization‐related genes (bone morphogenic protein, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, dentine sialophosphoprotein and collagen type 1) and heme oxygenase 1 was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) at 24 and 72 h. Statistical differences between test materials were analysed with the Mann–Whitney test.ResultsThe 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 dilutions of iRoot BP were associated with higher cell viability after 24 h (P < 0.05). Only the 1 : 1 dilution of iRoot BP had higher cell viability after 48 h (P < 0.05), and there was no difference between iRoot BP and WMTA after 72 h (P > 0.05). Although somewhat variable, according to the gene expression results, iRoot BP had a mineralization potential similar to that of WMTA. WMTA revealed a higher heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) mRNA level than iRoot BP (P < 0.001).ConclusionsiRoot BP and WMTA were biocompatible and facilitated odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs.
What is overconsumption? – A step towards a common understanding
Authors: Håkansson Andreas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOverconsumption is a widely used term in science, media and among concerned consumers. What do we mean by this term? This study is based on the assumption that both the public debate on consumption and consumer research could benefit from better understanding how this term is used and from clarifying the definition. The primary aim of this study was to describe how the term ‘overconsumption’ is being used in the contemporary scientific debate in fields related to consumer studies. This was done by studying the use of the term in scientific journal papers between 2010 and 2012 using qualitative content analysis. It is concluded that overconsumption is often described as consumption of hedonic goods by individuals with undesirable personality traits, low moral or belonging to minority groups. Furthermore, overconsumption is described as having detrimental effects both on the individual consumer, the society and the environment; however, direct individual effects are more frequently mentioned in the studies. The term is seldom defined explicitly. This might lead to confusion and misunderstanding between research fields and between different stakeholders. A structured framework for generating clear and useful definitions is suggested in this study, based on the reviewed papers and a theoretical framework from moral philosophy.
Bioelectrical impedance as a measure of change in body composition in young children
Authors: Meredith‐Jones K. A. , Williams S. M. , Taylor R. W. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe ability of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) to measure change in body composition in children has rarely been examined.MethodsBody composition was estimated by BIA (Tanita BC‐418) and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 187 children aged 4–8 years at baseline and at 12 months. Change in body composition was compared between the two methods using mixed models.ResultsEstimates of change in fat mass did not differ between BIA and DXA for overweight girls (mean difference between methods, 95% confidence interval: 0.04 kg, −0.19 to 0.28) or boys (0.07 kg, −0.14 to 0.27). BIA was also able to accurately detect change in fat‐free mass, with no significant differences between methods (−0.14 kg, −0.10 to 0.38 in girls and −0.07 kg, −0.35 to −0.20 in boys). Change in percentage fat produced similar estimates in both genders (0.18%, −0.82 to 0.46 in girls and 0.38%, −0.37 to 1.13 in boys). BIA/DXA comparisons in normal weight children were also not significantly different, with the exception of percentage fat in girls, where BIA slightly underestimated change compared with DXA (0.7%, 0.02–0.37).ConclusionBIA performed well as a measure of change in body composition, providing confidence for its use as an outcome measure in children.
Association between breastfeeding and body mass index at age 6–7 years in an international survey
Authors: Hancox R. J. , Stewart A. W. , Braithwaite I. , Beasley R. , Murphy R. , Mitchell E. A. ,   ISAAC Phase Three Study Group
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundBreastfeeding is believed to reduce children's risk for obesity but data are conflicting. It is also uncertain if breastfeeding has different effects on obesity in high‐ and low‐income countries.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between having been breastfed and body mass index (BMI) in 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children in a large international survey.MethodsParents/guardians reported whether their child had been breastfed and their current height and weight. Some centres measured height and weight directly. Analyses adjusted for whether height and weight were reported or measured, child's age, sex, country gross national income and centre.ResultsData were available for 76 635 participants from 31 centres in 18 countries. Reported breastfeeding rates varied from 27 to 98%. After adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated BMI difference was 0.04 kg m−2 lower among those who had been breastfed (P = 0.07). The risk for being overweight or obese was slightly lower among breastfed children (odds ratio = 0.95, P = 0.012). There was no evidence that the association between breastfeeding and BMI was different in lower income countries compared with higher income countries.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that breastfeeding has little impact on children's BMI. Increasing breastfeeding is unlikely to reduce the global epidemic of childhood obesity.
Competency frameworks for advanced practice nursing: a literature review
Authors: Sastre‐Fullana P. , De Pedro‐Gómez J.E. , Bennasar‐Veny M. , Serrano‐Gallardo P. , Morales‐Asencio J.M. 
Published: October 2014

AimThis paper describes a literature review that identified common traits in advanced practice nursing that are specific to competency development worldwide.BackgroundThere is a lack of international agreement on the definition of advanced practice nursing and its core competencies. Despite the lack of consensus, there is an ongoing process worldwide to establish and outline the standards and competencies for advanced practice nursing roles.IntroductionInternational agencies, such as the International Council of Nurses, have provided general definitions for advanced practice nursing. Additionally, a set of competency standards for this aim has been developed.MethodsA literature review and a directed search of institutional websites were performed to identify specific developments in advanced practice nursing competencies and standards of practice. To determine a competency map specific to international advanced practice nursing, key documents were analysed using a qualitative approach based on content analysis to identify common traits among documents and countries.ResultsThe review process identified 119 relevant journal articles related to advanced practice nursing competencies. Additionally, 97 documents from grey literature that were related to advanced practice nursing competency mapping were identified. From the text analysis, 17 worldwide transversal competency domains emerged.ConclusionsDespite the variety of patterns in international advanced practice nursing development, essential competency domains can be found in most national frameworks for the role development of international advanced practice nursing. These 17 core competencies can be used to further develop instruments that assess the perceived competency of advanced practice nurses.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyThe results of this review can help policy developers and researchers develop instruments to compare advanced practice nursing services in various contexts and to examine their association with related outcomes.
By name or by deed? Identifying the source of the feminist stigma
Authors: Anastosopoulos Vanessa , Desmarais Serge 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPrejudice and discrimination against feminists were explored across two contexts, a workplace and a social setting. We examined university students' reactions to a woman who called herself a feminist, behaved like a feminist by challenging sexism, did both, or did neither. In Study 1, participants (N = 177) evaluated a job candidate less favorably when she called herself a feminist after controlling for perceived assertiveness and participants' feminist self‐identification. However, our results showed no evidence of hiring discrimination. In Study 2, participants (N = 184) evaluated a peer less favorably and were less willing to befriend and date her when she called herself a feminist, controlling for perceived assertiveness. Participants were also less willing to befriend her when she behaved like a feminist. The contextual nature of the feminist stigma and the influence of perceived assertiveness are discussed.
The world's biggest salad bowl: Facebook connecting cultures
Authors: Schwab Anne K. , Greitemeyer Tobias 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA correlational study on Facebook investigated the relationship between virtual intergroup contact and general attitudes toward diverse out‐groups. A so‐called Facebook application retrieved objective data about the intercultural composition of participants' Facebook networks. The exact percentage of out‐group friends correlated significantly with more favorable out‐group attitudes. This relationship was mediated by humanitarian‐egalitarian values, suggesting that having intercultural friends on Facebook is positively linked to value orientations, which in turn are associated with more favorable intergroup attitudes. In addition, identification with one's own national group and real‐life experience abroad did not moderate the results. Overall, although causation cannot be inferred because of the correlational design of our study, results suggest that virtual intergroup contact may positively affect attitudes.
Impact of periodontal maintenance on tooth survival in patients with removable partial dentures
Authors: Tada Sayaka , Allen Patrick Finbarr , Ikebe Kazunori , Matsuda Ken‐ichi , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimRemovable partial dentures (RPDs) may have a negative impact on oral health and have the potential to cause further tooth loss, especially of abutment teeth. However, no evidence indicates the effective interval of regular periodontal maintenance after RPD provision. This practice‐based cohort study aimed to examine the impact of regular periodontal maintenance visits on survival of RPD abutment teeth.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐two patients had been previously provided with 304 new clasp‐retained RPDs at Osaka University Dental Hospital, Japan. Using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test, 1094 abutments were analysed to illustrate survival curves and to compare each curve. According to the frequency of periodontal maintenance, study samples were divided into three groups; every 3–6 months (3–6M) group, 1‐year (1Y) group and no‐maintenance (NM) group.ResultsSeven‐year cumulative survival rates were 83.7% (3–6M), 75.5% (1Y) and 71.9% (NM) respectively. Survival of abutment teeth in the 3–6M group was significantly better than both 1Y (p = 0.005) and NM (p < 0.001) groups.ConclusionThese longitudinal clinical data indicates that periodontal maintenance at least once in 6 months had the most favourable outcome. Frequent periodontal maintenance after RPD provision could be effective in preventing further tooth loss.
Contact sensitization in patients with suspected cosmetic intolerance: results of the IVDK 2006–2011
Authors: Dinkloh A. , Worm M. , Geier J. , Schnuch A. , Wollenberg A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundIngredients of leave‐on cosmetics and body care products may sensitize. However, not every case of cosmetic intolerance is due to contact sensitization.ObjectiveTo describe the frequency of contact sensitization due to cosmetics in a large clinic population, and a possible particular allergen pattern.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, 2006–2011.ResultsOf 69 487 patients tested, ‘cosmetics, creams, sunscreens’ was the only suspected allergen source category in 10 124 patients (14.6%). A final diagnosis ‘allergic contact dermatitis’ was stated in 2658 of these patients (26.3%).Compared to a control group, there were significantly more reactions to fragrance mixes I and II, balsam of Peru, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and lanolin alcohols. No special pattern of fragrance sensitization could be identified. Among the preservatives, MI was by far the leading allergen, while sensitization to other widely used compounds like parabens or phenoxyethanol was rare.ConclusionsTrue allergic reactions to cosmetic ingredients are rarer than generally assumed. Limitation of exposure to MI in leave‐on cosmetics and body care products is urgently needed.
Laser (755 nm) and cryotherapy as depigmentation treatments for vitiligo: a comparative study
Authors: van Geel N. , Depaepe L. , Speeckaert R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundDepigmentation therapy can be an option in adults with extensive and refractory vitiligo. Remaining pigmented patches can be removed using depigmentation creams (monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone 20%), laser therapy or cryotherapy. In contrast to cream treatment, laser therapy and cryotherapy are fast and targeted methods, capable of destroying melanocytes selectively on one specific area. Up till now, controlled trials comparing laser and cryotherapy as depigmenting treatment in vitiligo are lacking.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective comparative study in 22 generalized vitiligo patients. Thirty‐one pigmented test regions were exposed to cryotherapy and 20 to 755 nm laser therapy. The mean surface area per test region was 3.55 cm² and number of treatments per test region was limited to one single session in 84.3% and varied up to four sessions (2.0%).ResultsOverall no significant difference in the capacity to induce depigmentations was observed between cryotherapy (46.7%) and laser therapy (42.9%) after one treatment. The percentage of induced depigmentation was significantly different according to the body location (P = 0.005) with best results on the trunk, followed by the arms, face, neck and less on the hands. Variables that positively influenced depigmentation results were a younger age of vitiligo onset (P = 0.012), skin type V (P < 0.001) and clinical presence of Koebner's phenomenon (P = 0.039). Despite initial failure after one treatment, repetitive treatment sessions on eight test areas resulted in successful depigmentation. Side‐effects were restricted to cryotherapy and concerned mainly hyperpigmentation in the face.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study comparing head‐to‐head depigmentation strategies intra‐ and inter‐individually. We could demonstrate that in general laser and cryotherapy are equally effective in inducing depigmentations in generalized vitiligo patients. Retreatment of the same area may be required in case of initial failure.
Condition dependence of female choosiness in a field cricket
Authors: Judge K. A. , Ting J. J. , Gwynne D. T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFemales generally choose mates that produce the loudest, brightest or most elaborate sexual displays, and these costly male displays are predicted to be condition dependent. However, mate choice itself is a costly behaviour also expected to be condition dependent. Male fall field crickets, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, produce a conspicuous long‐distance calling song that attracts females and is condition dependent. In this study, we tested the condition dependence of female preferences (preference function and choosiness) for male calling effort in G. pennsylvanicus. We manipulated female condition by raising crickets from hatching on either a low‐ or high‐quality diet. In a series of two‐speaker phonotaxis trials, both low‐ and high‐condition females preferred playbacks reflecting greater calling effort. However, relative to low‐condition females, high‐condition females took significantly longer to make a choice, were more likely to fail to choose within the time allotted for a phonotaxis trial and significantly increased their latency to choose over the course of multiple trials. We discuss these results with respect to the possibility that female G. pennsylvanicus may be foraging for direct benefits when they choose their mates.
Bursts of transposable elements as an evolutionary driving force
Authors: Belyayev A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA burst of transposable elements (TEs) is a massive outbreak that may cause radical genomic rebuilding. This phenomenon has been reported in connection with the formation of taxonomic groups and species and has therefore been associated with major evolutionary events in the past. Over the past few years, several research groups have discovered recent stress‐induced bursts of differentTEs. The events for which bursts ofTEs have been recorded include domestication, polyploidy, changes in mating systems, interspecific and intergeneric hybridization and abiotic stress. Cases involving abiotic stress, particularly bursts ofTEs in natural populations driven by environmental change, are of special interest because this phenomenon may underlie micro‐ and macro‐evolutionary events and ultimately support the maintenance and generation of biological diversity. This study reviews the known cases of bursts ofTEs and their possible consequences, with particular emphasis on the speciation process.