bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of North Atlantic phytoplankton from space: impact of environmental forcing on a changing phenology (1998–2012)
Authors: González Taboada Fernando , Anadón Ricardo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSeasonal pulses of phytoplankton drive seasonal cycles of carbon fixation and particle sedimentation, and might condition recruitment success in many exploited species. Taking advantage of long‐term series of remotely sensed chlorophyll a (1998–2012), we analyzed changes in phytoplankton seasonality in the North Atlantic Ocean. Phytoplankton phenology was analyzed based on a probabilistic characterization of bloom incidence. This approach allowed us to detect changes in the prevalence of different seasonal cycles and, at the same time, to estimate bloom timing and magnitude taking into account uncertainty in bloom detection. Deviations between different sensors stressed the importance of a prolonged overlap between successive missions to ensure a correct assessment of phenological changes, as well as the advantage of semi‐analytical chlorophyll algorithms over empirical ones to reduce biases. Earlier and more intense blooms were detected in the subpolar Atlantic, while advanced blooms of less magnitude were common in the Subtropical gyre. In the temperate North Atlantic, spring blooms advanced their timing and decreased in magnitude, whereas fall blooms delayed and increased their intensity. At the same time, the prevalence of locations with a single autumn/winter bloom or with a bimodal seasonal cycle increased, in consonance with a poleward expansion of subtropical conditions. Changes in bloom timing and magnitude presented a clear signature of environmental factors, especially wind forcing, although changes on incident photosynthetically active radiation and sea surface temperature were also important depending on latitude. Trends in bloom magnitude matched changes in mean chlorophyll a during the study period, suggesting that seasonal peaks drive long‐term trends in chlorophyll a concentration. Our results link changes in North Atlantic climate with recent trends in the phenology of phytoplankton, suggesting an intensification of these impacts in the near future.
History from Six‐feet Below: Death Studies and the Field of Modern Middle East History
Authors: Minkin Shane 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article explores the intersections between scholarship of the nascent field of Death Studies and that of modern Middle East history. Death is both present and absent in the field of modern Middle East history. Death is present in that it is omnipresent; the discipline of history requires an inquiry into the worlds of those who have died, and Middle East scholars have long spoken of death and used the archives of death (e.g. probate courts or death certificates) in their research. However, death is absent in that it usually plays a supporting role and is rarely the primary lens of analysis in Middle East scholarship. This article discusses some of the existing literature, including that of cemeteries, burials and funerals, public health, crime, and legal reform. I argue that increased and conscientious engagement between the fields of Death Studies and modern Middle East history is both possible and productive. Placing death at the center of historical analysis asks questions of power and space, such as who controls the body, where a body might be buried, how a death should be processed, and what impact the dead might have on the various domains of the living. Moreover, it requires the scholar to grapple ideas that cannot be disentwined such as the tangible (e.g. body) and the intangible (e.g. spirituality), or public space and political belonging, in the process of illuminating how the dead continue to make social, spatial, and political claims on the living.
Christian Ritual Magic in the Middle Ages
Authors: Fanger Claire 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article gives a brief introduction to the area of medieval ritual magic, outlining the main kinds of texts likely to be understood as belonging to the category – image magic, necromancy, and theurgy or angel magic. Before moving to an overview of the current state of scholarship, it makes note of some watershed works that helped to open up the area of intellectual magic for study. A number of interesting new discoveries, both textual and historical, have been made since the 1990s, and these discoveries have in turn instigated a push toward further exploration and editing of medieval texts and manuscripts of ritual magic, which is turning out to be a more interesting and diverse category than might once have been assumed.
Managing Transition: Western Britain from the End of Empire to the Rise of Penda
Authors: White Roger 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe transition of Britain from being a province within the Roman Empire to the Kingdoms of Medieval England is one that is dominated in the public imagination by the historical account written by Bede. This tells us of how the Anglo‐Saxons were invited into Britain, settling in specific territories. This largely accords with the archaeological record. What Bede does not talk of is how the other nations of Britain arose. It is argued that the genesis of the peoples of the West, the Welsh and Cornish, derives from the survival of one of the later Roman provinces of Roman Britain, Britannia Prima. While the other three provinces succumbed swiftly to the incoming Anglo‐Saxon populations that had been invited to defend the territory, in the West Britannia Prima was able to defend itself for a century and a half until Penda began to erode its frontiers. In doing so, it managed to develop and sustain an identity that was no longer Roman but was something new, based on the Brittonic culture of the coastal region of the province and which coalesced into the peoples known today as the Welsh and Cornish.
The Emergence of the Territorial Principality of Flanders, 750–1050
Authors: Defries David 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe historiography of the early territorial principality of Flanders rests on two foundation layers. The first layer establishes a narrative for the Baldwinid dynasty (r. 864–1119) of Flemish counts, who cobbled together a strong principality across what is now the southern Netherlands, Belgium and northeastern France. The narrative in turn rests on a conceptual layer associated with political historiography about France, represented by scholars such as François‐Louis Ganshof and Jan Dhondt. This school posits a decline in the authority of the West Frankish kings as a result of usurpations by magnates. While the basic narrative of the principality's origins has remained essentially unchanged since the 1940s, the conceptual ground has shifted underneath it. This article surveys the conceptual framework and challenges to the francophone school, then outlines the narrative historiography of early Flanders. It argues there is a pressing need for a reassessment of the Flemish principality's emergence in light of new theories of Carolingian royal power.
A current perspective on the pathological assessment of FOXL2 in adult‐type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary
Authors: Kommoss Stefan , Gilks Cyril Blake , Penzel Roland , Herpel Esther , Mackenzie Robertson , Huntsman David , Schirmacher Peter , Anglesio Michael , Schmidt Dietmar , Kommoss Friedrich 
Published: August 2013

AimsThe diagnosis of adult‐type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary (aGCT) is based on histomorphology aided by immunohistochemical staining for sex cord markers. Recently a single, recurrent somatic point mutation (402C→G) in FOXL2 was described in aGCT. We have investigated the impact of FOXL2 mutation testing in a large cohort of aGCT diagnosed previously by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry.Methods and resultsFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue cores from a cohort of 52 aGCT diagnosed previously by expert gynaecopathologists were analysed immunohistologically. FOXL2 mutation status was determined by Sanger sequencing and high‐sensitivity TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Histomorphology was reassessed by two expert gynaecopathologists. FOXL2 mutation analyses could be performed successfully in 46 cases, 40 of which were positive for the c.402C>G mutation, confirming a diagnosis of aGCT. In the six cases negative for the c.402C>G mutation, one case was confirmed on review as FOXL2 wild‐type aGCT, whereas in the remaining five cases diagnoses other than aGCT were made.ConclusionIn cases where a diagnosis of aGCT is a consideration and unequivocal diagnosis is not possible based on morphology and routine immunostains, FOXL2 mutation testing can help to confirm the diagnosis. It is particularly relevant for accurate subclassification within the group of sex cord–stromal tumours.
Enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant systems of minimally processed cactus stems (Opuntia ficus‐indica Mill.) packaged under modified atmospheres
Authors: Ventura‐Aguilar Rosa I. , Rivera‐Cabrera Fernando , Méndez‐Iturbide Daniel , Pelayo‐Zaldívar Clara , Bosquez‐Molina Elsa 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe aim of this work was to determine the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) together with the total phenolic and carotenoid contents and antioxidant capacity of two cultivars of cactus stems under modified atmosphere packaging containing a passive atmosphere, an active (with N2) atmosphere and control (unsealed polyurethane trays) all stored at 4 ± 1 °C. Results indicated that Atlixco cultivar cactus stems had a shelf life that was twice as long (20 days) than that of Milpa Alta cultivar under N2 MAP. The total enzyme activities of SOD, APX and CAT as well as the carotenoid content were higher in Atlixco than in Milpa Alta. The antioxidant enzymatic and non‐enzymatic systems as well as the antioxidant capacity and the phenolic content retention determined in Atlixco cactus stems under N2 MAP appear to explain the longer postharvest life of this cultivar.
In vitro intestinal absorption of amino acid mixtures extracted from codfish (Gadus morhua L.) salting wastewater
Authors: Ferraro Vincenza , Ferreira Jorge Ruben , Cruz Isabel B. , Antunes Filipa , Sarmento Bruno , Castro Paula M. L. , Pintado Manuela E. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis study reports on the intestinal permeability of salt‐containing mixtures of amino acids extracted from codfish salting wastewater. Permeability was evaluated in vitro using the Caco‐2 cell line model; cell integrity during exposure to mixtures of amino acids was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The effect of salt (NaCl) on the permeability and on the intestinal cell's integrity was also examined. Permeation rate (i.e. transport) was ≥95% for all amino acids except for creatine, for which it was 6%. Values for apparent permeability coefficients, Papp > 10−5 cm s−1, for mixture with isotonic concentration of NaCl suggest that amino acids are very likely to be absorbed in humans. Mixture with a hypertonic level of NaCl exerts a cytotoxic effect in intestinal cells resulting in a loss of epithelium integrity. Results show that isotonic mixture of amino acids extracted from codfish salting wastewater could be used in food, feed, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. These applications could contribute to the fish industry sustainability.
Impact of emergency access targets on admissions to general medicine: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nash L. , Tacey M. , Liew D. , Jones C. , Truesdale M. , Russell D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundEmergency access targets have been implemented Australia‐wide following recent retrospective cohort studies linking emergency department (ED) overcrowding and excess mortality.AimTo examine the impact of ED access targets on the characteristics and health service utilisation of general medicine (GM) inpatients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patient episodes admitted from ED to GM units from January 2009 to December 2012 (n = 15562), compared in two cohorts for 24 months before (n = 7393) and after (n = 8169) the implementation of the ‘4‐h rule’. The main outcome measures were age, comorbidity, clinical urgency at presentation (Australasian Triage Score), ED and inpatient length of stay, diagnosis at discharge, and in‐hospital complications.ResultsAfter the implementation of the ‘4‐h rule’, there was an increased proportion of younger patients aged ≤50 years (7.7–9.1%), urgent Australasian Triage Scale 3 (45.6–49.7%) and semi‐urgent Australasian Triage Scale 4 (21.8–27.6%) patients admitted to GM. On average, GM patients had fewer comorbid conditions (proportion with Charlson score ≥6 decreased from 14.2% to 11.9%), and higher proportions (21.8–24.7%) were admitted for less than 48 h.ConclusionImplementation of a 4‐h access target has been associated with changes to the characteristics of patients admitted to GM, including higher proportions of younger patients, with fewer comorbid conditions and lower clinical urgency at presentation, although the latter may be explained by a coincidental change in the way that ED patients were triaged, as well as a greater number of these patients presenting to ED overall.
THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT OF NON‐GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL CARE TO ELDERLY QUEENSLANDERS
Authors: Brown C. , Davey J. , Halladay A. 
Published: August 2013

SynopsisDespite the importance of the non‐government sector as a major provider of social care for the elderly, its planning and administrative sphere remains relatively uncharted. Planners and administrators from nine Queensland non‐government organisations shared perceptions of their planning environment. While government resources and program guidelines influence their work, they claim their autonomy is not eroded. Governments could facilitate their work by generating needs data, establishing joint planning structures and ensuring territorial justice. The authors argue that if governments presume non‐government organisations are simply vehicles for the implementation of government plans, their potential as response systems for elderly people will not be realized.
TRAINING NURSES TO SUPPORT GREATER PATIENT ENGAGEMENT IN HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Barnes Tania , Hancock Katy , Dainton Marissa 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundEvidence supports the view that people with long term conditions who are encouraged to take a greater interest in their treatment can experience a range of health benefits. Traditionally centre‐based haemodialysis patients have been passive recipients whilst nurses have been deliverers of care. The Shared Haemodialysis Care (SHC) programme changes this relationship.ObjectiveOur aim was to initiate a programme of education in SHC across Yorkshire and Humber in North England, with its objective to support centre‐based patients to take on aspects of their own treatment.Design & ParticipantsA three tiered training model was designed to educate all grades of nursing staff. Central to this approach was the development of a four day competency based course aimed at training 25% of junior sisters/charge nurses, staff nurses and Level 3 health care assistants (unqualified nurses).Measurements/approachWe measured the number of staff trained and assessed staff knowledge using a pre and post course questionnaire. Individual course day evaluations and ‘Light bulb moment ‘sessions captured qualitative data and a census form relating to interest in and uptake of SHC captured patient engagement data.ResultsThe pre and post delegate questionnaires from every cohort have demonstrated significant positive shifts in all the objectives of the training programme. The target of 25% of staff trained has been reached in all but one group of units. A third of all patients across Yorkshire and Humber are significantly engaged in their haemodialysis care.ConclusionA nurse‐led education programme can provide nurse participants with the tools to encourage and support patients to become more engaged in their haemodialysis treatment.
HOW TO DEVELOP A PATIENT AND CARER ADVISORY GROUP IN A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STUDY
Authors: Loud Fiona , Jain Neerja , Thomas Nicola 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundThis paper explores how a group of people with renal or other vascular conditions collaborated with renal practitioners in undertaking a quality improvement project, the aim of which was to reduce variation in care for people with Stages 3–4 chronic kidney disease.Development and Role of the GroupThe patient advisory group supporting the project took a decisive and leading role in the creation of self‐management materials and subsequent training for healthcare professionals and patients. The role of the patient advisory group was evaluated informally throughout the project. Confidence amongst the patient advisory group members grew as the project developed.ConclusionClinicians are often unclear on how to involve patients and carers in quality improvement projects, yet it is increasingly recognised as important. In practice, patients with experience of long‐term conditions can co‐lead quality improvement projects. It is recommended that further evaluation of the role of advisory groups is warranted.
Respecting Autonomy Through the Use of Force: the Case of Civil Disobedience
Authors: Moraro Piero 
Published: August 2013

AbstractActs of civil disobedience, which imply the open violation of a legal directive, often result in the forceful imposition of a choice upon others (e.g. blockades). This is sometimes justifiable, within a democracy, in cases of ‘democratic deficit’, namely, when fundamental rights of an oppressed minority are at stake. In this article, I claim that the use of physical force, in a democracy, may also be justified by the rights of (at least some of) the very people upon whom force is applied. Focusing on the nature of civil disobedience as a ‘form of address’, I argue: (1) using physical force to address others in the democratic arena does not entail infringing upon their status as autonomous agents; (2) using physical force to address others in the democratic arena may contribute to the fulfilment of a positive duty to promote the autonomy of (at least some of) those very people upon whom force is applied. This is not a defence of paternalism: I claim that using force against others, in the democratic arena, may be constitutive of a behaviour that treats others with the respect due to their status as autonomous agents.
A survey on Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infections in Slovene fresh waters
Authors: Jenčič V , Zajc U , Kušar D , Ocepek M , Pate M 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSlovenia has no history of health problems related to proliferative kidney disease (PKD) either in farmed or in wild fish. However, due to the past molecular evidence for the presence of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae DNA in tissues of some fish from open waters, a survey was conducted on wild salmonids that were primarily sampled for other purposes. In winter 2010–2011, specimens from a total of 244 rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., from 30 bodies of fresh water were examined for T. bryosalmonae using a PCR method. The sampled fish showed no clinical signs or gross pathological lesions characteristic of PKD. Nineteen (7.8%) fish from seven (23.3%) fresh waters were positive for T. bryosalmonae. The identity of PCR amplicons was confirmed by sequencing. With one exception, all the positive fish were found in waters from the regions where the average yearly temperatures and the environmental pollution are higher. This preliminary countrywide survey provided the first insight into the situation regarding T. bryosalmonae infection of wild salmonids in Slovenia.
Characterization and Fine Mapping of a Novel Rice Narrow Leaf Mutant nal9
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Chao , Hu Guocheng , Xing Li , Qian Wenjing , Si Huamin , Sun Zongxiu , Wang Xingchun , Fu Yaping , Liu Wenzhen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA narrow leaf mutant was isolated from transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines carrying a T‐DNA insertion. The mutant is characterized by narrow leaves during its whole growth period, and was named nal9 (narrow leaf 9). The mutant also has other phenotypes, such as light green leaves at the seedling stage, reduced plant height, a small panicle and increased tillering. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutation is controlled by a single recessive gene. A hygromycin resistance assay showed that the mutation was not caused by T‐DNA insertion, so a map‐based cloning strategy was employed to isolate the nal9 gene. The mutant individuals from the F2 generations of a cross between the nal9 mutant and Longtepu were used for mapping. With 24 F2 mutants, the nal9 gene was preliminarily mapped near the marker RM156 on the chromosome 3. New INDEL markers were then designed based on the sequence differences between japonica and indica at the region near RM156. The nal9 gene was finally located in a 69.3 kb region between the markers V239B and V239G within BAC OJ1212_C05 by chromosome walking. Sequence and expression analysis showed that an ATP‐dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit gene (ClpP) was most likely to be the nal9 gene. Furthermore, the nal9 mutation was rescued by transformation of the ClpP cDNA driven by the 35S promoter. Accordingly, the ClpP gene was identified as the NAL9 gene. Our results provide a basis for functional studies of NAL9 in future work.
Is Postdilatation with a Noncompliant Balloon Necessary after Coronary Stent Deployment during Primary Angioplasty?
Authors: TASAL ABDURRAHMAN , BACAKSIZ AHMET , VATANKULU MEHMET AKIF , TURFAN MURAT , ERDOGAN ERCAN , SONMEZ OSMAN , KUL SEREF , ERTAS GOKHAN , SEVGILI EMRAH , GOKTEKIN OMER 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPostdilatation (PD) with noncompliant balloon during elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed usually in clinical practice in order to optimize stent expansion. However, current knowledge about its use in patients undergoing primary PCI is controversial. This study aims to evaluate the angiographical and clinical results of PD in patients who underwent primary PCI with drug eluting stents (DESs).MethodsA total of 405 consecutive patients (mean age 56.9 ± 12.3 years; 302 male) with ST elevation myocardial infarction were evaluated retrospectively. Patients received DES with or without predilatation according to physician's discretion. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups based on PD procedure. The clinical end‐points were death, target vessel revascularization (TVR) and stent thrombosis at 6 months after PCI. The angiographic end‐points were postprocedural correct Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count (cTFC), final TIMI flow, and myocardial blush grade (MBG).ResultsPD was performed in 214 patients (52.8%). Angiographical parameters such as TIMI flow, cTFC, and MBG did not differ after PD (P > 0.05). During 6‐month follow‐up, TVR and stent thrombosis rates were lower in the PD group (6 vs. 16, P = 0.03; and 3 vs. 10, P = 0.04, respectively). PD and diabetes were detected as independent predictors of MACE (β = 0.52, P = 0.01, and β = −0.47, P = 0.02; respectively).ConclusionOur study revealed that PD does not yield adverse effects on final angiographic parameters when performed during primary PCI. Besides PD seems to decrease probability of stent thrombosis and TVR.