bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient edit distance with duplications and contractions
Authors: Pinhas Tamar , Zakov Shay , Tsur Dekel , Ziv-Ukelson Michal 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Abstract
We propose three algorithms for string edit distance with duplications and contractions. These include an efficient general algorithm and two improvements which apply under certain constraints on the cost function. The new algorithms solve a more general problem variant and obtain better time complexities with respect to previous algorithms. Our general algorithm is based on min-plus multiplication of square matrices and has time and space complexities of O (|Σ|MP (n)) and O (|Σ|n
2), respectively, where |Σ| is the alphabet size, n is the length of the strings, and MP (n) is the time bound for the computation of min-plus matrix multiplication of two n × n matrices (currently,

MP
(
n
)
=
O

n

3

log

3

log
n

log

2

n

due to an algorithm by Chan).
For integer cost functions, the running time is further improved to

O

|
Σ
|

n

3

log

2

n

. In addition, this variant of the algorithm is online, in the sense that the input strings may be given letter by letter, and its time complexity bounds the processing time of the first n given letters. This acceleration is based on our efficient matrix-vector min-plus multiplication algorithm, intended for matrices and vectors for which differences between adjacent entries are from a finite integer interval D. Choosing a constant

1

log

|
D
|

n

<
λ
<
1

, the algorithm preprocesses an n × n matrix in

O

n

2
+
λ

|
D
|

time and

O

n

2
+
λ

|
D
|

λ

2

log

|
D
|

2

n

space. Then, it may multiply the matrix with any given n-length vector in

O

n

2

λ

2

log

|
D
|

2

n

time. Under some discreteness assumptions, this matrix-vector min-plus multiplication algorithm applies to several problems from the domains of context-free grammar parsing and RNA folding and, in particular, implies the asymptotically fastest

O

n

3

log

2

n

time algorithm for single-strand RNA folding with discrete cost functions.
Finally, assuming a different constraint on the cost function, we present another version of the algorithm that exploits the run-length encoding of the strings and runs in

O

|
Σ
|
nMP
(
ñ
)

ñ

time and

O
(
|
Σ
|
nñ
)

space, where

ñ

is the length of the run-length encoding of the strings.
LC/UV determination of cefradine, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime in dairy milk, human serum and wastewater samples
Authors: Qureshi Tahira , Memon Najma , Memon Saima Q , Abro Kamran , Shah Syed Waliullah 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Cephalosporins type antibiotics are widely used to treat infectious diseases. Their determination is not only important in blood/serum of patients under treatment but also in diverse matrices like wastewaters, milk etc. as contaminant. Keeping in view the need, a new high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of three cephalosporins (cefradine, cefuroxime and cefotaxime) has been developed. Separation was performed on an ODS column with binary solvent elution of aqueous formic acid (0.05%) and methanol in the ratio of 45: 55 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 and UV detection at 260 nm. Under optimised conditions, all three cephalosporins were baseline separated within 5 min. Linear responses for cefradine 5–20 μg mL-1, cefuroxime 0.5-15 μg mL-1 and cefotaxime 1.0-20 μg mL-1 were established. LOD of 0.05-0.25 μg mL-1 after preconcentration was achieved. The method was applied to serum samples of patients under treatment with these antibiotics and to screen the selected cephalosporins from hospital wastewater and milk samples. Moreover, method was applied to study stability of aqueous solutions and acid/base induced degradation of all three drugs.
Randomized controlled trials in pediatric critical care: a scoping review
Authors: Duffett Mark , Choong Karen , Hartling Lisa , Menon Kusum , Thabane Lehana , Cook Deborah J 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is required to guide treatment of critically ill children, but the number of RCTs available is limited and the publications are often difficult to find. The objectives of this review were to systematically identify RCTs in pediatric critical care and describe their methods and reporting.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and CENTRAL (from inception to April 16, 2013) and reference lists of included RCTs and relevant systematic reviews. We included published RCTs administering any intervention to children in a pediatric ICU. We excluded trials conducted in neonatal ICUs, those enrolling exclusively preterm infants, and individual patient crossover trials. Pairs of reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias, and abstracted data. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.

Results
We included 248 RCTs: 45 (18%) were multicentered and 14 (6%) were multinational. Trials most frequently enrolled both medical and surgical patients (43%) but postoperative cardiac surgery was the single largest population studied (19%). The most frequently evaluated types of intervention were medications (63%), devices (11%) and nutrition (8%). Laboratory or physiological measurements were the most frequent type of primary outcomes (18%). Half of these trials (50%) reported blinding. Of the 107 (43%) trials that reported an a priori sample size, 34 (32%) were stopped early. The median number of children randomized per trial was 49 and ranged from 6 to 4,947. The frequency of RCT publications increased at a mean rate of 0.7 RCTs per year (P<0.001) from 1 to 20 trials per year.

Conclusions
This scoping review identified the available RCTs in pediatric critical care and made them accessible to clinicians and researchers (http://epicc.mcmaster.ca). Most focused on medications and intermediate or surrogate outcomes, were single-centered and were conducted in North America and Western Europe. The results of this review underscore the need for trials with rigorous methodology, appropriate outcome measures, and improved quality of reporting to ensure that high quality evidence exists to support clinical decision-making in this vulnerable population.
Outcome and quality of life in patients with postoperative delirium during an ICU stay following major surgery
Authors: Abelha Fernando J , Luís Clara , Veiga Dalila , Parente Daniela , Fernandes Vera , Santos Patrícia , Botelho Miguela , Santos Alice , Santos Cristina 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Delirium is an acute disturbance of consciousness and cognition that has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes, including increased mortality. We aimed to evaluate outcome after postoperative delirium in a cohort of surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted over a 10-month period in a SICU. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed in accordance with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). The primary outcome was mortality at 6-month follow-up. Hospital mortality and becoming dependent were considered as secondary outcomes, on the basis of the evaluation of the patient’s ability to undertake both personal and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) before surgery and 6 months after discharge from the SICU. For each dichotomous outcome - hospital mortality, mortality at 6-month follow-up, and becoming dependent - a separate multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, which included delirium as an independent variable. Another outcome analyzed was changes in health-related quality of life, as determined using short-form 36 (SF-36), which was administered before and 6 months after discharge from the SICU. Additionally, for each SF-36 domain, a separate multiple linear regression model was used for each SF-36 domain, with changes in the SF-36 domain as a dependent variable and delirium as an independent variable.

Results
Of 775 SICU-admitted adults, 562 were enrolled in the study, of which 89 (16%) experienced postoperative delirium. Delirium was an independent risk factor for mortality at the 6-month follow-up (OR = 2.562, P <0.001) and also for hospital mortality (OR = 2.673, P <0.001). Delirium was also an independent risk factor for becoming dependent for personal ADL (P-ADL) after SICU discharge (OR = 2.188, P <0.046). Moreover, patients who experienced postoperative delirium showed a greater decline in SF-36 domains after discharge, particularly in physical function, vitality, and social function, as compared to patients without postoperative delirium.

Conclusions
Postoperative delirium was an independent risk factor for 6-month follow-up mortality, hospital mortality, and becoming independent in P-ADL after SICU discharge. It was also significantly associated with a worsening in the quality of life after surgery.
Aberrant epidermal differentiation and disrupted ΔNp63/Notch regulatory axis in Ets1 transgenic mice
Authors: Chin Shu Shien , Romano Rose-Anne , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Sinha Satrajit , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann 
Published: October 2013

Summary
The transcription factor Ets1 is expressed at low levels in epidermal keratinocytes under physiological conditions, but is over-expressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We previously showed that over-expression of Ets1 in differentiated keratinocytes of the skin leads to significant pro-tumorigenic alterations. Here, we further extend these studies by testing the effects of over-expressing Ets1 in the proliferative basal keratinocytes of the skin, which includes the putative epidermal stem cells. We show that induction of the Ets1 transgene in the basal layer of skin during embryogenesis results in epidermal hyperplasia and impaired differentiation accompanied by attenuated expression of spinous and granular layer markers. A similar hyper-proliferative skin phenotype was observed when the transgene was induced in the basal layer of the skin of adult mice leading to hair loss and open sores. The Ets1-mediated phenotype is accompanied by a variety of changes in gene expression including alterations in Notch signaling, a crucial mediator of normal skin differentiation. Finally, we show that Ets1 disrupts Notch signaling in part via its ability to upregulate ΔNp63, an established transcriptional repressor of several of the Notch receptors. Given the established tumor suppressive role for Notch signaling in skin tumorigenesis, the demonstrated ability of Ets1 to interfere with this signaling pathway may be important in mediating its pro-tumorigenic activities.
Estimating VAR-MGARCH models in multiple steps
Authors: Carnero M. Angeles , Eratalay M. Hakan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes the performance of multiple steps estimators of vector autoregressive multivariate conditional correlation GARCH models by means of Monte Carlo experiments. We show that if innovations are Gaussian, estimating the parameters in multiple steps is a reasonable alternative to the maximization of the full likelihood function. Our results also suggest that for the sample sizes usually encountered in financial econometrics, the differences between the volatility and correlation estimates obtained with the more efficient estimator and the multiple steps estimators are negligible. However, when innovations are distributed as a Student-t, using multiple steps estimators might not be a good idea.
Cushing's disease and hypertension: in vivo and in vitro study of the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and effects of medical therapy
Authors: van der Pas R , van Esch J H M , de Bruin C , Danser A H J , Pereira A M , Zelissen P M , Netea-Maier R , Sprij-Mooij D M , van den Berg-Garrelds I M , van Schaik R H N , Lamberts S W J , van den Meiracker A H , Hofland L J , Feelders R A 
Published: October 2013

Objective/methodsCushing's disease (CD) is often accompanied by hypertension. CD can be treated surgically and, given the expression of somatostatin subtype 5 and dopamine 2 receptors by corticotroph pituitary adenomas, pharmacologically. Indeed, we recently observed that stepwise medical combination therapy with the somatostatin-analog pasireotide, the dopamine-agonist cabergoline, and ketoconazole (which directly suppresses steroidogenesis) biochemically controlled CD patients and lowered their blood pressure after 80 days. Glucocorticoids (GC) modulate the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) among others by increasing hepatic angiotensinogen expression and stimulating mineralocorticoid receptors (MR). This study therefore evaluated plasma RAAS components in CD patients before and after drug therapy. In addition, we studied whether cabergoline/pasireotide have direct relaxant effects in angiotensin II (Ang II)-constricted iliac arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats, with and without concomitant GR/MR stimulation with dexamethasone or hydrocortisone.ResultsBaseline concentrations of angiotensinogen were elevated, while renin and aldosterone were low and suppressed, respectively, even in patients treated with RAAS-blockers. This pattern did not change after 80 days of treatment, despite blood pressure normalization, nor after 4 years of remission. In the presence of dexamethasone, pasireotide inhibited Ang II-mediated vasoconstriction.ConclusionsThe low plasma renin concentrations, even under RAAS blockade, in CD may be the consequence of increased GC-mediated MR stimulation and/or the elevated angiotensinogen levels in such patients. The lack of change in RAAS-parameters despite blood pressure and cortisol normalization suggests persisting consequences of long-term exposure to cortisol excess. Finally, pasireotide may have a direct vasodilating effect contributing to blood pressure lowering.
Fetal Growth and Childhood Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Bjørge Tone , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Grotmol Tom , Engeland Anders , Stephansson Olof , Gissler Mika , Tretli Steinar , Troisi Rebecca 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:The etiology of childhood cancers is largely unknown. Studies have suggested that birth characteristics may be associated with risk. Our goal was to evaluate the risk of childhood cancers in relation to fetal growth.METHODS:We conducted a case-control study nested within Nordic birth registries. The study included cancer cases diagnosed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden among children born from 1967 to 2010 and up to 10 matched controls per case, totaling 17 698 cases and 172 422 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were derived from conditional logistic regression.RESULTS:Risks of all childhood cancers increased with increasing birth weight (Ptrend ≤ .001). Risks of acute lymphoid leukemia and Wilms tumor were elevated when birth weight was &gt;4000 g and of central nervous system tumors when birth weight was &gt;4500 g. Newborns large for gestational age were at increased risk of Wilms tumor (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.2–3.6]) and connective/soft tissue tumors (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.1–4.4]). In contrast, the risk of acute myeloid leukemia was increased among children born small for gestational age (OR: 1.8 [95% CI: 1.1–3.1]). Children diagnosed with central nervous system tumors at &lt;1 year of age had elevated risk with increasing head circumference (Ptrend &lt; .001). Those with head circumference &gt;39 cm had the highest risk (OR: 4.7 [95% CI: 2.5–8.7]).CONCLUSIONS:In this large, Nordic population-based study, increased risks for several childhood tumors were associated with measures of fetal growth, supporting the hypothesis that tumorigenesis manifesting in childhood is initiated in utero.
As vivências: questões de tradução, sentidos e fontes epistemológicas no legado de Vigotski
Authors: Toassa Gisele , Souza Marilene Proença Rebello de 
Published: October 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é abordar a questão das vivências na perspectiva de L.S. Vigotski, tratando de suas fontes epistemológicas, de suas raízes na língua russa e de seus sentidos específicos, priorizando "A Tragédia do Hamlet, Príncipe da Dinamarca" (1916) e os textos pedológicos dos anos 1930, com destaque para "A questão do meio na pedologia". Destacam-se as transformações das ideias do autor sobre vivências e sua contribuição metodológica à análise da relação indivíduo-meio no desenvolvimento humano, articulada aos conceitos de consciência e sistema.
Relating a Reading Comprehension Test to the CEFR Levels: A Case of Standard Setting in Practice with Focus on Judges and Items
Authors: Figueras Neus , Kaftandjieva Felianka , Takala Sauli 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: The article addresses some problems and options in setting standards on language tests and examinations. More specifically, it reports on a set of three workshops conducted in the European context where standard setting in language education typically concerns linking tests and examinations to the Council of Europe’s Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) published in 2001. The context of the workshops and the standard-setting procedures are described, and the results and their interpretations are discussed. The focus in the article is on judges (panels) and items, which are considered the most important determinants in valid standard setting (cut scores).
A Corpus-Based Assessment of French CEFR Lexical Content
Authors: Kusseling Françoise , Lonsdale Deryle 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: The French CEFR vocabulary profiles as presented in the Référentiels – while a valuable resource for a wide range of applications focused on lexical content – result from introspection, intuition-based judgements, and unquantifiable experience. The result is a specification of vocabulary that has been largely untested from a corpus-based, empirical perspective. In contrast, the English profiles were corpus-derived using current computational practices by English Profile, an ongoing project. In this article we summarize our evaluation of the French profiles by comparing their content with two sizable contemporary corpora and derived artifacts. We quantify the vocabulary overlap and uniqueness across all three of these resources. This leads us to make recommendations about possible ways of refining French CEFR vocabulary content by retaining, adding, and removing vocabulary items.
South Pole glacial climate reconstruction from multi-borehole laser particulate stratigraphy
Authors:   The IceCube Collaboration
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe IceCube Neutrino Observatory and its prototype, AMANDA, were built in South Pole ice, using powerful hot-water drills to cleanly bore>100 holes to depths up to 2500 m. The construction of these particle physics detectors provided a unique opportunity to examine the deep ice sheet using a variety of novel techniques. We made high-resolution particulate profiles with a laser dust logger in eight of the boreholes during detector commissioning between 2004 and 2010. The South Pole laser logs are among the most clearly resolved measurements of Antarctic dust strata during the last glacial period and can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate records in exceptional detail. Here we use manual and algorithmic matching to synthesize our South Pole measurements with ice-core and logging data from Dome C, East Antarctica. We derive impurity concentration, precision chronology, annual-layer thickness, local spatial variability, and identify several widespread volcanic ash depositions useful for dating. We also examine the interval around ∼74 ka recently isolated with radiometric dating to bracket the Toba (Sumatra) supereruption.
Le vieillissement des campagnes : éléments d'introduction démographique et géographique
Authors: Blanchet Mickaël 
Published: October 2013

Les campagnes françaises connaissent de profondes mutations depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale : extension de la ville en direction des campagnes, urbanisation des modes de vie, recul de l’emploi primaire et explosion des activités de services. Ces transformations de la ruralité française débouchent sur une pluralité de configurations locales. Dans ce jeu, le vieillissement de la population plus marqué en milieu rural oscille entre attractivité territoriale et fin de cycle démographique.
Le temps insurrectionnel comme « moment politique ». Tunisie 2011
Authors: Robert Baduel Pierre 
Published: October 2013

Tunisie 17 décembre 2010-14 janvier 2011. Révolution annoncée ou révolution inattendue ? La même question pourrait être posée pour toutes les Révolutions. Derrière l’opposition entre l’annoncé et l’inattendu, se tient la question de la part des causalités et de celle de l’imprévisibilité, de la part du déterminisme et de celle de l’indéterminisme. Si, dans un premier temps le présent article rappelle comme autant de causes possibles de sa fin quelques failles du régime autoritaire tunisien, il montre que c’est à partir d’une cristallisation interactionniste d’une série d’évènements que le déclenchement d’une insurrection a abouti motu proprio à la chute du régime Ben Ali. S’appuyant essentiellement sur une sociologie des crises et des mouvements sociaux, l’article identifie quatre éléments d’une dramaturgie qui, chacun isolé dans sa sphère comme dans les crises qu’avait connues la Tunisie antérieurement, n’aurait pas eu une efficacité suffisante, mais qui, jetés ensemble dans le creuset de l’incertitude structurelle maximale où se trouvait alors le pays, ont débouché sur la révolution du 14 janvier 2011 : un fait divers transfiguré, une insurrection locale qui devait rester acéphale et devenir ubiquitaire, une spectacularisation en temps réel de celle-ci qu’à l’échelle du monde devait assurer opportunément une cyberdissidence nationale et une discorde au sommet de l’Etat dans l’appréciation et la conduite de la situation qui a abouti à l’implosion de la clé de voûte du régime, le premier cercle du pouvoir, et à l’enclenchement – ambigu - d’un processus de transition politique.
Le limon d'une question sociale, à contre-courant des révolutions arabes ? Comment circulent les paradigmes au nord et au sud du Sahara
Authors: Catusse Myriam 
Published: October 2013

Les soulèvements de 2011 dans le monde arabe ont réactualisé les agendas de la recherche. Les questions liées aux injustices sociales décriées par les manifestants sont ainsi saisies par des politistes non pas nécessairement pour expliquer les causes des protestations, mais pour en analyser certaines formes et logiques. En ouvrant ces nouveaux chantiers de recherche ou en reformulant des questions liées aux échanges qui tissent les relations de domination, ils ouvrent des perspectives de comparaison tant au sein du monde arabe que hors de la région. À la confrontation avec les regards portés quelques années auparavant sur les « transitions africaines », plusieurs pistes stimulantes se dessinent, éclairant de part et d’autre, certains angles morts de nos recherches : d’une part, changer l’échelle d’observation des changements de régime engage à prendre en compte les luttes sociales, qu’avait peu abordées la « transitologie » en Afrique subsaharienne ; d’autre part, considérer la protestation sociale et ses conséquences sur les logiques de l’action publique dans leurs économies politiques offre une perspective peu développée jusque-là dans le monde arabe.
Après les révolutions, des armées maghrébines face à une double transition
Authors: Haddad Saïd 
Published: October 2013

La séquence des « révolutions arabes », enclenchée en 2011, a souligné la diversité des rôles tenus par les armées dans ces bouleversements. Au Maghreb, la diversité du positionnement des armées peut s’expliquer par l’état des relations civilo-militaires et par l’organisation des armées. Par ailleurs, le contexte régional pèse également sur le positionnement et l’engagement des forces armées sur la scène politique régionale et domestique. L’articulation de ces trois éléments sera ainsi discutée dans cet article. L’hypothèse centrale est que – à l’exception de la Libye – les armées maghrébines sont appelées à jouer un rôle majeur au lendemain de la séquence de 2011 et en cette période de double transition, tant à l’intérieur des systèmes nationaux qu’au niveau régional.