bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic size responses to climate change: prevailing effects of rising temperature drive long‐term body size increases in a semi‐arid passerine
Authors: Gardner Janet L. , Amano Tatsuya , Mackey Brendan G. , Sutherland William J. , Clayton Mark , Peters Anne 
Published: December 2013

AbstractChanges in animal body size have been widely reported as a correlate of contemporary climate change. Body size affects metabolism and fitness, so changing size has implications for resilience, yet the climatic factors that drive size variation remain poorly understood. We test the role of mean and extreme temperature, rainfall, and remotely sensed primary productivity (NDVI) as drivers of body size in a sedentary, semi‐arid Australian passerine, Ptilotula (Lichenostomus) penicillatus, over 23 years. To distinguish effects due to differential growth from changes in population composition, we analysed first‐year birds and adults separately and considered climatic variation at three temporal scales (current, previous, and preceding 5 years). The strongest effects related to temperature: in both age classes, larger size was associated with warmer mean temperatures in the previous year, contrary to Bergmann's Rule. Moreover, adults were larger in warmer breeding seasons, while first years was larger after heatwaves; these effects are more likely to be mediated through size‐dependent mortality, highlighting the role of body size in determining vulnerability to extinction. In addition to temperature, larger adult size was associated with lower primary productivity, which may reflect a trade‐off between vegetative growth and nectar production, on which adults rely. Finally, lower rainfall was associated with decreasing size in first year and adults, most likely related to decreased food availability. Overall, body size increased over 23 years, strongly in first‐year birds (2.7%) compared with adults (1%), with size outcomes a balance between competing drivers. As rainfall declined over time and productivity remained fairly stable, the temporal increase in body size appears largely driven by rising mean temperature and temperature extremes. Body size responses to environmental change are thus complex and dynamic, driven by effects on growth as well as mortality.
Renal nurses’ views of the potential role of pharmacists in outpatient dialysis centres: a qualitative study
Authors: Salgado Teresa M , Moles Rebekah , Benrimoj Shalom I , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the views of Australian and Portuguese renal nurses on the provision of clinical pharmacy services in outpatient dialysis centres.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Australian and Portuguese renal nurses. The interviews were recorded and thematically content-analysed.

Key findings
Three main themes were identified: nurses’ opinions towards pharmacists’ current role; nurses’ opinions towards pharmacists’ future role; and future clinical pharmacy services to be provided. While Australian nurses appeared to be aware of pharmacists’ competencies and viewed a role for pharmacists within the team, Portuguese nurses showed low expectations of pharmacists and regarded them as external to the team.

Conclusions
Previous or lack of exposure to pharmacists’ clinical skills and the existence of health policies that promote interprofessional collaboration appear to influence nurses’ views.
Incumplimiento de la legislación laboral en Chile
Authors: KANBUR Ravi , RONCONI Lucas , WEDENOJA Leigh 
Published: December 2013

ResumenA partir de microdatos de la encuesta de hogares se cuantifica el incumplimiento en Chile del salario mínimo, el número máximo de horas de trabajo, el derecho a un contrato escrito y el derecho a pensión de 1990 a 2009. Un tercio de los trabajadores sufrió algún tipo de infracción, con variaciones en el tiempo y según la norma y las características del trabajador y de la empresa. Según el análisis econométrico, la tasa de cumplimiento es menor cuando se trata de mujeres, extranjeros, indígenas y trabajadores menos instruidos, empresas más pequeñas y regiones agrícolas. Convendría investigar los efectos de la inspección del trabajo.
Trabajo por cuenta propia y monotributo en el Uruguay
Authors: AMARANTE Verónica , PERAZZO Ivone 
Published: December 2013

ResumenLa incorporación de los trabajadores por cuenta propia al régimen de protección social constituye un desafío importante en América Latina. En 2007 se modificó en el Uruguay un sistema específico de contribución para estos trabajadores, denominado monotributo, tras lo cual una proporción relevante de ellos puede adherirse al régimen. Este artículo presenta un análisis de las características y condiciones de trabajo de estos trabajadores en el Uruguay de 2000 a 2010 y explora la evolución del nivel de cotizaciones a la seguridad social asociada con la modificación del régimen de monotributo, así como su potencial de inclusión.
Composition of Exports and Export Performance of Eurozone Countries
Authors: Wierts Peter , Van Kerkhoff Henk , De Haan Jakob 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article investigates to what extent the composition of exports is related to the export performance of eurozone countries using a data set on exports from the oldest eurozone countries to their top 20 trade partners for the period 1988–2009. The results suggest that a higher share of high technology exports in total exports is positively related to total exports. Export composition also conditions the effects of the real exchange rate and partner income growth. The effect of the real exchange rate on exports becomes smaller the higher the share of high technology exports in total exports. The effect of partner income on exports becomes larger the higher the share of high technology exports in total exports.
Guidelines on the use of extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Knobler R. , Berlin G. , Calzavara‐Pinton P. , Greinix H. , Jaksch P. , Laroche L. , Ludvigsson J. , Quaglino P. , Reinisch W. , Scarisbrick J. , Schwarz T. , Wolf P. , Arenberger P. , Assaf C. , Bagot M. , Barr M. , Bohbot A. , Bruckner‐Tuderman L. , Dreno B. , Enk A. , French L. , Gniadecki R. , Gollnick H. , Hertl M. , Jantschitsch C. , Jung A. , Just U. , Klemke C.‐D. , Lippert U. , Luger T. , Papadavid E. , Pehamberger H. , Ranki A. , Stadler R. , Sterry W. , Wolf I.H. , Worm M. , Zic J. , Zouboulis C.C. , Hillen U. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAfter the first investigational study on the use of extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma was published in 1983 with its subsequent recognition by the FDA for its refractory forms, the technology has shown significant promise in the treatment of other severe and refractory conditions in a multi‐disciplinary setting. Among the major studied conditions are graft versus host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, systemic sclerosis, solid organ transplant rejection and inflammatory bowel disease.Materials and methodsIn order to provide recognized expert practical guidelines for the use of this technology for all indications the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) proceeded to address these questions in the hands of the recognized experts within and outside the field of dermatology. This was done using the recognized and approved guidelines of EDF for this task.Results and conclusionThese guidelines provide at present the most comprehensive available expert recommendations for the use of extracorporeal photopheresis based on the available published literature and expert consensus opinion.
Biological control ofRhamnus cathartica: is it feasible? A review of work done in 2002–2012
Authors: Gassmann A. , Tosevski I. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRhamnus cathartica(common buckthorn) is a shrub (or small tree) of Eurasian origin, which has become invasive in North America. Internal feeders and sap suckers were prioritized for biological control from over 30 specialized insects identified from the target plant in its native European range. Five leaf‐feeding moths were also considered for further investigations. Field observations and preliminary host range tests with the stem‐boring beetleOberea pedemontana, the root‐boring mothSynanthedon stomoxiformis, the shoot‐tip‐boring mothSorhagenia janiszewskaeand the leaf‐feeding mothsAncylis apicella,A. unculana,Triphosa dubitata,Philereme transversataandP. vetulataconfirmed that all of these species were lacking host specificity in no‐choice conditions. Choice oviposition tests carried out with most of the prioritized species to assess their ecological host range yielded unreliable results. Three psyllids,Trichochermes walkeri,Cacopsylla rhamnicollaandTrioza rhamniare promising in terms of host specificity, but are infected with the plant disease ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma rhamni’. Fruit‐ or seed‐feeding insects may present the best potential for biological control of buckthorn in directly reducing seed set and thus seedling establishment. However, it was not possible to obtain adult fruiting trees of native North AmericanRhamnusspecies for testing. It is concluded that there are no promising arthropod agents based on what is known to date. Pathogens could offer new opportunities for biological control ofR. catharticain North America.
Comparison of sampling methods of Aphis glycines predators across the diel cycle
Authors: Woltz J. M. , Landis D. A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNocturnal predators are often overlooked in biological control studies, despite evidence that they can make important contributions to insect pest suppression in agroecosystems. Many sampling methods are only employed during the daytime hours due to limitations of time and labour. Additionally, different sampling methods can provide contrasting information about natural enemy community composition and relative abundance. Here, we use Aphis glycines and its arthropod predators as a model system to compare natural enemy community composition described by vacuum samples, direct observations and video observations across the diel cycle in soybean. All sampling methods identified several common taxa. Anthocorids were dominant in vacuum samples and direct observations, and both methods indicated that this taxa may be more active in the afternoon. In contrast, anthocorids were recorded infrequently on video, possibly due to their small size. On video samples, lacewing larvae were the most active taxa during the day and lacewing larvae, spiders, opiliones and carabids were the most active taxa at night. We directly observed 22 predation events on soybean aphid: 17 by anthocorids, two by chrysopid larvae, and one each by a coccinellid, spider and predatory mite. The differences between the sample methods suggest that vacuum samples may represent predator abundance more accurately, while video data may miss small predators, but can be used to better assess relative time spent foraging.
Susceptibility of small honey bee colonies to invasion by the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae)
Authors: Mustafa S. G. , Spiewok S. , Duncan M. , Spooner‐Hart R. , Rosenkranz P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWeak and small honey bee colonies are supposed to be more susceptible to infestations by the small hive beetle [Aethina tumida, small hive beetle (SHB)]. To test this, we established 24 nucleus colonies [12 with and 12 without previous SHB removal (= screening)]. Four weeks later, we compared beetle numbers and the occurrence of SHB reproduction to the corresponding full‐sized colonies. Full‐sized colonies with no screening were infested with significantly more SHBs than all other groups (mean ± standard deviation = 46.9 ± 26.7). Regardless of this, none of the full‐sized colonies showed damage or evidence of SHB reproduction. In contrast, five nucleus colonies collapsed and SHB larvae were found in an additional seven colonies. Our study demonstrates that SHB infestation levels which are harmless to full‐sized colonies may have a negative impact on small nucleus colonies.
Israeli Nurses’ Intention to Report for Work in an Emergency or Disaster
Authors: Melnikov Semyon , Itzhaki Michal , Kagan Ilya 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the effect of personal characteristics and organizational factors on nurses’ intention to report for work in a national emergency.DesignA convenience sample was drawn of 243 Israeli registered nurses. A structured self‐administered questionnaire collected data on (a) intention to report for work, (b) barriers preventing nurses from reporting for work, (c) perceived self‐efficacy in emergency conditions, (d) risk appraisal of health hazards, (e) knowledge of nurses’ roles in emergency work, (f) access to institutional support services, and (g) reporting to work in a past emergency.MethodsData were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t tests, and multiple regression analysis.FindingsLess than half of the nurses who said they had been asked to report for work in a past emergency had actually done so. The major barrier to reporting for work was childcare demands. There was a significant correlation between perceived knowledge, risk appraisal, self‐efficacy, and intention to report. Self‐efficacy, risk appraisal, working through an earlier emergency, perceived knowledge, and full or part‐time working altogether.ConclusionsPersonal factors, such as perceived knowledge, risk appraisal, and self‐efficacy, are more important to Israeli nurses than objective barriers in preventing them from reporting for emergency work. The level of perceived knowledge as to the demands on and duties of nurses in a large‐scale emergency is low. Self‐efficacy enhancing activities need to be introduced into nurse training for emergency preparedness.Clinical RelevanceThis study makes an important contribution to research on the importance of perceived self‐efficacy in the context of disaster planning.
The Effect of Postinjury Depression on Quality of Life following Minor Injury
Authors: Richmond Therese S. , Guo Wensheng , Ackerson Theimann , Hollander Judd , Gracias Vicente , Robinson Keith , Amsterdam Jay 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo describe quality of life (QoL) in the year following minor injury and to test the hypothesis that individuals with depression in the postinjury year experience lower QoL than do individuals with no depression.DesignProspective, longitudinal, cohort design. A total of 275 adults were randomly selected from injured patients presenting to an urban emergency department.MethodsAll participants underwent structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews immediately after injury and at 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome, QoL, was measured using the Quality of Life Index. Covariates included demographics, injury status, preinjury functional status, preinjury social support, and anticipation of problems postdischarge. The General Estimating Equation was used to compare changes in QoL between participants with and without depression over 3, 6, and 12 months, adjusting for covariates.ResultsAn 18.1% proportion (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.3, 22.9%) of the sample met criteria for a mood disorder in the postinjury year. The depressed group reported a QoL that was 4.2 points (95% CI 2.8–5.6) lower in the year postinjury compared with that of the nondepressed group.ConclusionsDepression after minor injury negatively affects QoL even a full year postinjury.Clinical RelevanceThe findings of this study show that patients who have injuries that are treated and discharged from an emergency department can have significantly lower QoL in the year after that injury that is attributed, in part, to postinjury depression. Nurses should provide anticipatory guidance to patients that they may experience feelings of sadness or being “blue,” and that if they do, they should seek care.
Implementation of a multicomponent psychosocial programme for persons with dementia and their families in Norwegian municipalities: experiences from the perspective of healthcare professionals who performed the intervention
Authors: Johannessen Aud , Povlsen Lene , Bruvik Frøydis , Ulstein Ingun 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundA randomised controlled intervention study was conducted in 17 Norwegian municipalities to provide home‐dwelling people with dementia and their families with knowledge and skills to cope with the emerging problems and stresses of everyday life. It included training health professionals to carry out the intervention. Since little is known about possible benefits for health professionals of participating in such a study in terms of knowledge and change of practice as well as their views on whether the intervention is useful, we carried out this study.AimTo investigate the outcome of the study from the perspective of the healthcare professionals who participated in the intervention.MethodInterviews with 19 health professionals were performed during 2012, using three focus groups and six individual interviews. The sample was purposive and included informants aged 34–61 years from 13 municipalities.ResultsThree main categories emerged: challenges, new knowledge and service development. The category challenges details the challenges connected with professionals' participation in the intervention and how they dealt with them and is described in three subcategories. The category new knowledge demonstrates the knowledge the professionals achieved while conducting the intervention and is described through three subcategories. Service development presented how the informants' experiences could contribute to improve the provision of care and details in one subcategory.ConclusionThe results revealed a need for more knowledge among health professionals about the situation of home‐dwelling persons with dementia and their families. The study indicated that health professionals must be more aware of these persons' abilities to find their own solutions to their problems. Structured individual interventions as well as group‐based interventions in the early stages of dementia and throughout the course of the disorder seem beneficial. There is a need for better collaboration between the specialist health services, GPs and health workers in the municipalities.
Arabidopsis Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein DRB3 Participates in Methylation-Mediated Defense against Geminiviruses
Authors: Raja Priya , Jackel Jamie N. , Li Sizhun , Heard Isaac M. , Bisaro David M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Arabidopsis
encodes five double-stranded RNA binding (DRB) proteins. DRB1 and DRB2 are involved in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, while DRB4 functions in cytoplasmic posttranscriptional small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathways. DRB3 and DRB5 are not involved in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processing but assist in silencing transcripts targeted by DRB2-associated miRNAs. The goal of this study was to determine which, if any, of the DRB proteins might also participate in a nuclear siRNA pathway that leads to geminivirus genome methylation. Here, we demonstrate that DRB3 functions with Dicer-like 3 (DCL3) and Argonaute 4 (AGO4) in methylation-mediated antiviral defense. Plants employ repressive viral genome methylation as an epigenetic defense against geminiviruses, using an RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway similar to that used to suppress endogenous invasive DNAs such as transposons. Chromatin methylation inhibits virus replication and transcription, and methylation-deficient host plants are hypersusceptible to geminivirus infection. Using a panel of
drb
mutants, we found that
drb3
plants uniquely exhibit a similar hypersensitivity and that viral genome methylation is substantially reduced in
drb3
compared to wild-type plants. In addition, like
dcl3
and
ago4
mutants,
drb3
plants fail to recover from infection and cannot accomplish the viral genome hypermethylation that is invariably observed in asymptomatic, recovered tissues. Small RNA analysis, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that DRB3 acts downstream of siRNA biogenesis and suggest that it associates with DCL3 and AGO4 in distinct subnuclear compartments. These studies reveal that in addition to its previously established role in the miRNA pathway, DRB3 also functions in antiviral RdDM.

IMPORTANCE
Plants use RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as an epigenetic defense against geminiviruses. RNA silencing pathways in
Arabidopsis
include five double-stranded RNA binding proteins (DRBs) related to
Drosophila
R2D2 and mammalian TRBP and PACT. While DRB proteins have defined roles in miRNA and cytoplasmic siRNA pathways, a role in nuclear RdDM was elusive. Here, we used the geminivirus system to show that DRB3 is involved in methylation-mediated antiviral defense. Beginning with a panel of
Arabidopsis drb
mutants, we demonstrated that
drb3
plants uniquely show enhanced susceptibility to geminiviruses. Further, like
dcl3
and
ago4
mutants,
drb3
plants fail to hypermethylate the viral genome, a requirement for host recovery. We also show that DRB3 physically interacts with the RdDM pathway components DCL3 and AGO4 in the nucleus. This work highlights the utility of geminiviruses as models for
de novo
RdDM and places DRB3 protein in this fundamental epigenetic pathway.
Quantitative Characterization of Defective Virus Emergence by Deep Sequencing
Authors: Timm Collin , Akpinar Fulya , Yin John 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Populations of RNA viruses can spontaneously produce variants that differ in genome size, sequence, and biological activity. Defective variants that lack essential genes can nevertheless reproduce by coinfecting cells with viable virus, a process that interferes with virus growth. How such defective interfering particles (DIPs) change in abundance and biological activity within a virus population is not known. Here, a prototype RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), was cultured for three passages on BHK host cells, and passages were subjected to Illumina sequencing. Reads from the initial population, when aligned to the full-length viral sequence (11,161 nucleotides [nt]), distributed uniformly across the genome. However, during passages two plateaus in read counts appeared toward the 5′ end of the negative-sense viral genome. Analysis by normalization and a simple sliding-window approach revealed plateau boundaries that suggested the emergence and enrichment of at least two truncated species having medium (∼5,900 nt) and short (∼4,000 nt) genomes. Relative measures of full-length and truncated species based on read counts were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Limit-of-detection analysis suggests that deep sequencing can be more sensitive than complementary measures for detecting and quantifying defective particles in a population. Further, particle counts from transmission electron microscopy, coupled with infectivity assays, linked the rise in smaller genomes with an increase in truncated particles and interference activity. In summary, variation in deep sequencing coverage simultaneously shows the size, location, and relative level of truncated-genome variants, revealing a level of population heterogeneity that is masked by other measures of viral genomes and particles.

IMPORTANCE
We show how deep sequencing can be used to characterize the emergence, diversity, and relative abundance of truncated virus variants in virus populations. Adaptation of this approach to natural isolates may elucidate factors that influence the stability and persistence of virus populations in nature.