bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total body fat percentage and body mass index and the association with lower extremity injuries in children: a 2.5-year longitudinal study
Authors: Jespersen Eva , Verhagen Evert , Holst René , Klakk Heidi , Heidemann Malene , Rexen Christina Trifonov , Franz Claudia , Wedderkopp Niels 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundOverweight youths are generally recognised as being at increased risk of sustaining lower extremity injuries in sports. However, previous studies are inconclusive and choices for measuring overweight are manifold.ObjectiveTo examine two different measures of overweight, body mass index (BMI) and total body fat percentage (TBF%), as risk factors for lower limb injuries in a school-based cohort.Study designA longitudinal cohort study.MethodsA total of 632 school children, baseline age 7.7–12.0 years, were investigated. Whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans provided measures of TBF%. Measures of BMI were obtained by standard anthropometric methods. Musculoskeletal complaints were reported by parents answering weekly mobile phone text messages during 2.5 years. Injuries were diagnosed by clinicians. Leisure time sports participation was reported weekly using text messaging.ResultsDuring 2.5 years of follow-up, 673 lower extremity injuries were diagnosed. Children being overweight by both BMI and TBF% showed the highest risk of sustaining lower extremity injuries (IRR 1.38 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.81)). Children who were overweight using BMI and TBF% showed the highest risk of sustaining lower extremity injuries (IRR 1.38 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.81)).ConclusionsThe risk of lower extremity injuries appeared to be increased for overweight children. When comparing two different measures of overweight, overweight by TBF% is a higher risk factor than overweight by BMI. This suggests that a high proportion of adiposity is more predictive of lower extremity injuries, possibly due to a lower proportion of lean muscle mass.
Crustal-scale folding: Palaeozoic deformation of the Mt Painter Inlier, South Australia
Authors: Weisheit A. , Bons P. D. , Danišík M. , Elburg M. A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

The Mt Painter Inlier (Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia) was exhumed in the Yankaninna Anticline, in the hanging wall of the major NE–SW-running Paralana Fault System. Regional north–south compression resulted in SE-directed oblique and lateral ramping on to the rigid Curnamona Province. Formation of the crustal-scale anticline caused exhumation of up to 15 km of basement rocks in the core of the anticline. Currently exposed rocks reached the surface in Permian times. Folding and thrusting commenced between
c.
500 and
c.
450 Ma and lasted until the Permian Period. Contrary to previous studies, only a minor part of the deformation can be attributed to the
c.
500 Ma Delamerian Orogeny, with most of the tectonic activity being contemporaneous with the Alice Springs and Lachlan Orogenies. New Permo-Triassic zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He ages, as well as a titanite fission-track age point to a long-lived near-surface hydrothermal event that overprinted the basement and cover rocks. Hydrothermal reheating and burial below the Mesozoic Eromanga Basin sediments, to a depth of no more than 2 km, resulted in partial or full rejuvenation of the apatite (U–Th)/He system.
Small Molecule Agonists of PPAR-γ Exert Therapeutic Effects in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Sawayama Hiroshi , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Watanabe Masayuki , Yoshida Naoya , Sugihara Hidetaka , Kurashige Junji , Hirashima Kotaro , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Oki Eiji , Morita Masaru , Shiose Yoshinobu , Baba Hideo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The transcription factor PPAR-γ plays various roles in lipid metabolism, inflammation, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. PPAR-γ agonists used to treat diabetes may have utility in cancer treatment. Efatutazone is a novel later generation PPAR-γ agonist that selectively activates PPAR-γ target genes and has antiproliferative effects in a range of malignancies. In this study, we investigated PPAR-γ status in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigated the antiproliferative effects of efatutazone. PPAR-γ was expressed heterogeneously in ESCC, in which it exhibited an inverse relationship with Ki-67 expression. PPAR-γ expression was associated independently with good prognosis in ESCC. Efatutazone, but not the conventional PPAR-γ agonist troglitazone, inhibited ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations suggested that efatutazone acted by upregulating p21Cip1 protein in the nucleus through inactivation of the Akt pathway and dephosphorylation of p21Cip1 at Thr145 without affecting the transcriptional activity of p21Cip1. We also found that treatment with efatutazone led to phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Accordingly, the combination of efatutazone with the antiepithelial growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab synergized to negatively regulate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt and MAPK pathways. Together, our results suggest that efatutazone, alone or in combination with cetuximab, may offer therapeutic effects in ESCC. Cancer Res; 74(2); 575–85. ©2013 AACR.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and the Risk of Type I and Type II Endometrial Cancer among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Inoue-Choi Maki , Robien Kim , Mariani Andrea , Cerhan James R. , Anderson Kristin E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake has been associated with an increased risk of obesity and type II diabetes. However, its association with endometrial cancer is unclear.
Methods: We evaluated dietary intake of SSB, fruit juice, sugar-free beverages, sweets/baked goods, starch, and sugars among 23,039 postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Incident estrogen-dependent type I and estrogen-independent type II endometrial cancers were identified via linkage with the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registry. Risks of type I and type II endometrial cancers were separately compared by energy-adjusted dietary intake in Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results: From 1986 to 2010, 506 type I and 89 type II incident endometrial cancers were identified. An increased risk of type I endometrial cancer was observed with increasing SSB intake after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and other cofounders (Ptrend = 0.0005). Compared with nondrinkers of SSB, the risk was 78% higher [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.32–2.40] among women in the highest quintile of SSB intake. The observed association was not modified by BMI, physical activity, history of diabetes, or cigarette smoking. Higher risk of type I endometrial cancer was also observed with higher intake of sugars. None of the dietary items included in the analysis was associated with type II endometrial cancer risk.
Conclusion: Higher intake of SSB and sugars was associated with an increased risk of type I, but not type II, endometrial cancer.
Impact: SSB intake may be a risk factor for type I endometrial cancer regardless of other lifestyle factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(12); 2384–94. ©2013 AACR.
Molecular Biomarkers of Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells Associated with Progression, Metastases, and Treatment Resistance of Aggressive Cancers
Authors: Mimeault Murielle , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe validation of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tumor cells is of critical importance for optimizing the choice and efficacy of personalized therapies. Importantly, recent advances have led to the identification of gene-expression signatures in cancer cells, including cancer stem/progenitor cells, in the primary tumors, exosomes, circulating tumor cells (CTC), and disseminated cancer cells at distant metastatic sites. The gene-expression signatures may help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival of patients with cancer. Potential biomarkers in cancer cells include stem cell–like markers [CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD44, and CD24], growth factors, and their cognate receptors [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFRvIII, and HER2], molecules associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT; vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, twist, and Zeb1), regulators of altered metabolism (phosphatidylinositol-3′ kinase/Akt/mTOR), and drug resistance (multidrug transporters and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1). Moreover, different pluripotency-associated transcription factors (Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, and Myc) and microRNAs that are involved in the epigenetic reprogramming and acquisition of stem cell–like properties by cancer cells during cancer progression may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers to predict the risk of metastases, systemic treatment resistance, and disease relapse of patients with cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(2); 234–54. ©2013 AACR.
Factors Associated With Onset-to-Door Time in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack Admitted to Stroke Centers
Authors: Uehara Toshiyuki , Kimura Kazumi , Okada Yasushi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Tanahashi Norio , Suzuki Akifumi , Takagi Shigeharu , Nakagawara Jyoji , Arii Kazumasa , Nagahiro Shinji , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Nagao Takehiko , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Matsumoto Masayasu , Iihara Koji , Minematsu Kazuo 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with the time from symptom onset to arrival at a stroke center (onset-to-door time [ODT]) in patients with classically defined transient ischemic attack using data from a multicenter, retrospective study.

Methods—
The subjects were patients with transient ischemic attack admitted to 13 stroke centers in Japan within 7 days of onset between 2008 and 2009. A total of 464 patients registered (292 men, 68.5±13.2 years old), and 421 of them (268 men, 68.8±13.1 years old) were included in the analyses. ODT was classified into the following 5 categories: <3 hours, 3 to 6 hours, 7 to 12 hours, 13 to 24 hours, and >24 hours.

Results—

There were 233 patients (55.3%) who visited a stroke center within 3 hours of symptom onset. Multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that motor weakness, speech disturbance, and duration of symptoms >10 minutes were independently associated with a short ODT. Furthermore, a history of transient ischemic attack and hypertension and a referral from another medical facility were independently associated with a long ODT. Patients with a higher ABCD
2
score were likely to arrive at a stroke center more quickly.

Conclusions—
We identified several factors that were positively and negatively associated with the ODT in patients with transient ischemic attack.
Touch Can Be as Accurate as Passively-Guided Kinaesthesis in Length Perception
Authors: Van Doorn George H. , Richardson Barry L. , Symmons Mark A. 
Published: November 2013

Two experiments were designed to investigate the contribution of touch and kinaesthesis to haptic perception of the length of raised lines. Experiment 1 showed that judgements based on kinaesthetic information were not more accurate than those based on cutaneous information. Instead, kinaesthetic and cutaneous inputs appear to be weighted almost equally in the haptic percept, with haptic performance more closely approximated by cutaneous performance than by kinaesthetic. In Experiment 2 it was shown that effects attributed to condition (modality) were not due to the speed with which the stimulus or exploring finger moved. Our results challenge the view that kinaesthesis is more important than touch for identification of raised line drawings.
Anhedonia in substance use disorders: A systematic review of its nature, course and clinical correlates
Authors: Garfield Joshua B B , Lubman Dan I , Yücel Murat 
Published: November 2013

Objective: There is growing evidence that anhedonia is a commonly experienced symptom among substance-using populations. This systematic review synthesises findings across a range of substances to address questions regarding the time course of anhedonia, how anhedonia relates to other symptoms of substance dependence and whether it is similarly prevalent across all addictive drugs. Method: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO and MEDLINE, yielding 32 studies that used self-report measures of anhedonia among participants with a history of a substance abuse, dependence or long-term daily use of addictive substances. Results: Findings from these studies indicate that anhedonia (1) is elevated in samples dependent on a range of substances; (2) typically appears as a consequence of substance abuse or dependence, and diminishes with abstinence; and (3) predicts increased drug cravings and the likelihood of relapse in those attempting abstinence. Conclusions: The common experience of anhedonia in substance-dependent populations, and its relationship to relapse, emphasises the importance of developing therapeutic interventions that specifically target anhedonia in the treatment of all substance use disorders.
Modelling the incidence and mortality of psychotic disorders: Data from the second Australian national survey of psychosis
Authors: Saha Sukanta , Whiteford Harvey , McGrath John 
Published: November 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model estimates related to (a) the incidence of psychotic disorders and (b) the mortality associated with these disorders based on a large, population-based prevalence study. Methods: Data were drawn from the second national survey of adults with psychotic disorders conducted in seven Australian catchment areas during March to December 2010. To generate incidence rate estimates, we identified recent onset cases recruited as part of the prevalence study and then imputed population-based incidence rates using a set of conservative assumptions. Similarly, for mortality rates, we identified individuals who had died after being identified as ‘screen-positive’ for psychosis, but prior to full clinical assessment. Using a set of conservative assumptions, we then used these estimates to infer population-based mortality rates. Results: Based on our models, we estimated that the incidence rate for psychotic disorders was 28 cases per 100,000 population. The rate estimates were significantly higher in males than females, with an overall male:female ratio of 1.57:1. Incidence rate estimates peaked in the youngest age group (18–24 years). The adjusted mortality rate estimated during the whole period of observation was 12.5 per 1000 persons, with a standardised mortality ratio of 5.5. Conclusions: Using treated prevalence data and observed deaths with appropriate algorithms, we were able to impute incidence and mortality rates for psychotic disorders consistent with the published literature. While the second national survey of psychotic disorders was not designed to identify mortality, our estimates provide a stark reminder of the increased mortality associated with these disorders.
Ototoxicity of Polymyxin B, Neomycin, and Hydrocortisone Suspension in Tympanoplasty Surgery
Authors: House James R. , House Laura K. 
Published: November 2013

Objectives(1) To determine the safety of using a commercially available suspension of polymyxin B, neomycin, and hydrocortisone (PNH) in tympanoplasty surgery. (2) To apply evidence‐based medicine to tympanoplasty surgery when considering potential ototoxicity.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary otology practice, single surgeon.MethodsApproval for this study was obtained from the St. Dominic–Jackson Memorial Hospital Institutional Review Board. Data were gathered on 272 consecutive type 1, underlay tympanoplasties for which both pre‐ and postoperative audiometric data were available over a 10‐year period. In each surgery, gelatin sponge saturated in a commercially available PNH suspension was placed in the middle ear to support the graft. Patients ranged in age from 3 years to 79 years. Preoperative and postoperative bone conduction thresholds were measured at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz.ResultsThe average change in sensorineural hearing as measured by bone conduction thresholds was negligible, with a slight improvement in all frequencies tested except 4000 Hz. The changes by frequencies were as follows: 500 Hz (–1.624 dB), 1000 Hz (–1.399 dB), 2000 Hz (–0.975 dB), 3000 Hz (–0.596 dB), and 4000 Hz (+0.560 dB). The 5‐frequency average change was −0.545 dB.ConclusionsThe commonly used otic solution containing polymyxin B, neomycin, and hydrocortisone demonstrates no ototoxicity in tympanoplasty surgery and is safe to use in this setting.
Morphometric study of the human mitral annulus: Guide for mitral valve surgery
Authors: Eto Masataka , Morita Shigeki , Nakashima Yutaka , Nishimura Yousuke , Tominaga Ryuji 
Published: November 2013

Background during mitral valve surgery, it is important for surgeons to understand the anatomy of the mitral valve annulus to prevent surgical complications. This study aimed to perform morphometry of the mitral annulus to facilitate secure suturing during ring annuloplasty or replacement of the mitral valve. Methods an anatomical study was carried out on 7 human hearts. We divided the mitral valve annulus into sections containing 8 different points. It was noted that the annulus was a complex structure which has fibrous continuity with the mitral leaflets, and with or without the aortic annulus. Results there was always a segment of the annular fibrous structure which was facing directly toward the left ventricular cavity. The length of the segment ranged from 1.0 to 3.4 mm. In terms of the size of the annulus, there were large variations within the subject and among the subjects. The shortest distance between the mitral annulus and left circumflex coronary artery was at the anterolateral commissure, and the length was 3.3 mm. Conclusion this study has improved understanding of the anatomy of the mitral annulus, which could help surgeons to avoid operative complications. Based on this study, several suggestions are made for placing sutures for mitral valve replacement and mitral ring annuloplasty.
Storytelling and Structural Incoherence in Financial Markets
Authors: Tarim Emre 
Published: November 2013

This article presents a sociological–narrative approach to studying sensemaking and legitimation in financial markets, and applies this to the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). The sociological–narrative approach taken here differs from standard economics and psychology theories on market behaviour and outcomes. It draws on the existing literature on sensemaking and legitimation in organizations and financial markets, and postulates that financial markets, as realms of meaning and practice, are prone to be structurally incoherent. The incoherence is argued to stem from positionality of market actors. By positionality, I refer to an actor’s position in division of labour in market organizations and to an investor’s place in market-specific investor classifications. These imply different epistemic resources at the disposal of different actors, and hence structural incoherence in meanings and practices in financial markets. The article demonstrates an example of this incoherence in the case of the ISE by looking at sensemaking and legitimation stories and practices of brokers, investment analysts, media figures and regulators in this market. JEL: Z13, D81, G10, G24
Global Shapes of Preference Scaling Functions
Authors: Ranganathan Kavitha , Prakhya Srinivas 
Published: November 2013

In the expected utility framework, concavity (or convexity) of the preference scaling function corresponds to risk-aversion (or risk-seeking) preferences. Friedman and Savage ( 1948 ) and Markowitz ( 1952 ) indicate that individuals may be risk-averse at some wealth levels but risk-seeking at others. Prospect theory ( Kahneman & Tversky, 1979 ) proposes an S-shaped utility function exhibiting risk-aversion in the domain of gain and risk-seeking in the loss domain. In this study, we use lottery experiments to infer global shapes of the preference scaling functions that determine risk attitudes in interaction with uncertainty. The global shapes that emerge are—fully concave, fully convex, linear, Reverse-S and S-shaped preference scaling functions. Using annual income as a proxy for wealth, we examine the relationship between global shapes and wealth. The data largely supports the Friedman–Savage hypothesis; we find that at low levels of wealth people are concave, followed by Reverse-S and then a second upper concave segment at higher levels of wealth. JEL: C91, D81
Microbiological contamination of radiological equipment
Authors: Giacometti M , Gualano MR , Bert F , Minniti D , Bistrot F , Grosso M , Siliquini R 
Published: November 2013

Background: Important changes have occurred in radiological departments (RDs) over the past 30 years. The procedures have become more complex and the number of patients has increased. This scenario could have important implications for public health and infection control but, to date, the scientific literature has dealt little with matters relating to microbiological monitoring in RDs. Purpose: To examine the level of microbiological contamination in the main RDs of Turin, a city in northern Italy, in order to analyze the presence of a possible biological risk. Material and Methods: We analyzed data from 12 RDs. Samples were taken from X-ray tubes, control panels, radiographic cassettes, and imaging plates. We used the French guidelines “Standards NF S 90--351” in order to obtain the threshold values of reference. Through a questionnaire we investigated the use of personal protective equipment by the chiefs of the RDs. Results: We found values out of limits in 41.7% of the X-ray tubes sampled, in 91.7% of the control panels and imaging plates, while only 8% of the radiographic cassettes were contaminated. A total of 58.3% of RDs reported values above the threshold for three out of four samples. In 16.7% of the RDs only one surface presented acceptable values. Conclusion: Healthcare-associated infections are a cogent issue for the RDs, and knowledge of how to prevent them is increasingly required by health professionals. This study is meant to be a first analysis of the issue that highlights the need of further investigations, maybe with a more detailed monitoring through the characterization of the microbial species involved. Moreover, the development of shared and maybe official standards for the evaluation of microbiological contamination in RDs is strongly suggested.