bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of vitamin D in metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Krul-Poel Y H M , Snackey C , Louwers Y , Lips P , Lambalk C B , Laven J S E , Simsek S 
Published: September 2013

ContextMetabolic disturbances, in particular, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, are common in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Evidence is accumulating that vitamin D status may contribute to the development of metabolic disturbances in PCOS.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review addressing the association between vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and/or polymorphisms related to vitamin D metabolism and metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS.Design and methodsA systematic search of electronic databases was carried out up to January 2013 for observational studies and clinical trials in women suffering from PCOS with outcome measures that were related to vitamin D status. We conducted univariate and multivariate regression analyses of the weighted means to gain insights into the association between vitamin D, BMI, and IR based on existing literature.ResultsWe found 29 eligible trials with inconsistency in their results. One well-designed randomized controlled trial has been carried out until now. Univariate regression analyses of the weighted means revealed vitamin D to be a significant and independent predictor of IR in both PCOS and control women. The significance disappeared after adjustment for BMI in PCOS women.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests an inverse association between vitamin D status and metabolic disturbances in PCOS. Owing to the heterogeneity of the studies, it is hard to draw a definite conclusion. The causal relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disturbances in PCOS remains to be determined in well-designed placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.
Examination of Mental Health Status and Aggravation Level among Mothers of Children with Isolated Oral Clefts
Authors: Dabit Jessy Y. , Romitti Paul A. , Makelarski Jennifer A. , Tyler Margaret C. , Damiano Peter C. , Druschel Charlotte M. , Robbins James M. , Caspers Kristin M. , Burnett Whitney B. 
Published: September 2013

Objective To examine self-reported mental health status and aggravation level in mothers of children with isolated oral clefts. Methods Population-based sample of children (aged 4 to 9 years) with isolated oral clefts was enumerated from births from 1998 through 2003 in Arkansas, Iowa, and New York State. Mothers of 294 children completed the Mental Health Inventory 5-item questionnaire and Aggravation in Parenting Scale. The Mental Health Inventory and Aggravation in Parenting Scale scores, stratified by poor (Mental Health Inventory ≤ 67) and better (Mental Health Inventory > 67) mental health status or high (Aggravation in Parenting Scale ≤ 11), moderate (Aggravation in Parenting Scale = 12 to 15) and low (Aggravation in Parenting Scale = 16) aggravation, were compared by selected maternal and child characteristics. Mean scores for each instrument and proportion of mothers with poor mental health or high aggravation were compared with those reported in the National Survey of American Families. Results Mean scores for each instrument and proportion of mothers with poor mental health or high aggravation differed little from published data. Mothers with poor mental health tended to be less educated, to have lower household incomes, and to rate their health and their child's health lower than those in better mental health. Mothers with high aggravation tended to have lower household incomes, to have more children, and to rate their health and their child's health lower than those with moderate or low aggravation. Conclusions Mothers of affected children were not more likely to experience poor mental health or high aggravation compared with published data; however, sociodemographic characteristics were associated with maternal psychosocial adaptation. Brief screeners for mental health and parenting administered during routine appointments may facilitate identifying at-risk caregivers.
An Overview of Shoulder Instability and its Management
Authors: Farrar Nicholas Greville , Malal Joby Jacob George , Fischer Jochen , Waseem Mohammed 
Published: September 2013

The assessment and management of patients with instability of the shoulder joint can be challenging, due to the varying ways patients present, the array of different classification systems, the confusing terminology used and the differing potential management strategies. This review article aims to provide a clear explanation of the common concepts in shoulder instability and how they relate to the assessment and management of patients.There are sections covering the mechanisms of shoulder stability, the clinical assessment of patients and imaging techniques. Beyond that there is a discussion on the common classifications systems used and the typical management options.Some patients fall into reasonably well defined categories of classification and in these cases, the management plan is relatively easy to define. Unfortunately, other patients can elude simple classification and in these instances their management requires very careful consideration. Further research may help to facilitate a better understanding of management of the patients in this latter group.
The Painful Shoulder: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Khan Yousaf , Nagy Mathias Thomas , Malal Joby , Waseem Mohammad 
Published: September 2013

Rotator cuff disorders are considered to be among the most common causes of shoulder pain and disability encountered in both primary and secondary care.The general pathology of subacromial impingment generally relates to a chronic repetitive process in which the conjoint tendon of the rotator cuff undergoes repetitive compression and micro trauma as it passes under the coracoacromial arch. However acute traumatic injuries may also lead to this condition.Diagnosis remains a clinical one, however advances in imaging modalities have enabled clinicians to have an increased understanding of the pathological process. Ultrasound scanning appears to be a justifiable and cost effective assessment tool following plain radiographs in the assessment of shoulder impingment, with MRI scans being reserved for more complex cases.A period of observed conservative management including the use of NSAIDs, physiotherapy with or without the use of subacromial steroid injections is a well-established and accepted practice. However, in young patients or following any traumatic injury to the rotator cuff, surgery should be considered early. If surgery is to be performed this should be done arthroscopically and in the case of complete rotator cuff rupture the tendon should be repaired where possible.
The Private Foundation Minimum Distribution Requirement and Public Policy
Authors: Levine Carolyn B. , Sansing Richard C. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
This study examines the public policy rationale for the minimum distribution requirement that requires private foundations to spend at least 5 percent of their assets on charitable purposes. The study explicitly models an objective function that the government tries to maximize and a population of heterogeneous contributors that care about both distributions to charity and assets under their control. An increase in the minimum distribution requirement increases the rate of charitable distributions from some foundations, but deters other contributors from forming foundations. The level of the minimum distribution requirement reflects a trade-off between these two effects.
Phase Reactions During Sintering of M3/2 Based Composites with WC Additions
Authors: Madej M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Attempts have been made to describe the influence of WC additions on properties of M3/2 high speed steel (HSS) based composites. The powder compositions used to produce skeletons for further infiltration were M3/2, M3/2+10%WC and M3/2+30%WC. The powders were cold pressed at 800 MPa. The green compacts were subsequently sintered for 60 minutes at 1150°C in vacuum. These as-sintered specimens were used for copper infiltration. A qualitative EDX analysis revealed presence of both MC type vanadium-rich carbides and M6C type tungsten and iron rich carbides. In specimens containing 10 and 30% WC the carbide phase was uniformly distributed within copper-rich regions. The WC monocarbide reacts with the surrounding HSS matrix and forms a carbide grain boundary film. The microstructural observations of the as-sintered specimens was followed by Brinell hardness test and supplemented with dilatometric studies.
Globular Microstructure Formation in X210CrW12 Steel for Semi Solid Processing Using Plastic Deformation or Boron Modification
Authors: Rogal Ł. , Dutkiewicz J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Semi-solid processing (SSP) belongs to advance method of forming metal alloys in the solidus-liquidus range. Such technology requires a fine globular microstructure in a semi-solid range, which can be produced by numerous methods. The present paper focuses on two methods of preparation of a globular microstructure in X210CrW12 tool steel as a possible way of preparation of feedstock for thixoforming: hot plastic deformation (SIMA), and modification with boron. DSC analysis allowed to establish the amount of liquid phase fraction vs temperature. Samples were heated up to the semi-solid temperature range - 1230°C, which corresponds to 17% (SIMA) and 30% (modified) of the liquid fraction. Then they were rapidly cooled. The obtained microstructures of samples were investigated for their suitability for SSP. The microstructure of X210CrW12 steel prepared by SIMA shows a globular microstructure with average grain size 57 μm. The samples after modification with 0.08% (weight pct) boron also feature a globular microstructure with the size of 46 μm. The grains possess an austenitic structure and are surrounded by an eutectic mixture
Tools Cast from The Steel of Composite Structure
Authors: Głownia J. , Tęcza G. , Asłanowicz M. , Osciłowski A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Hardness, microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of cast high-manganese steel (cast Hadfield steel) were compared with the cast steel of the same austenitic matrix but having vanadium carbides uniformly distributed within its entire volume. The chemical composition of the cast steel was chosen in such a way as to produce a composite structure after the alloy solidification. A similar hardness of the matrix was obtained with carbides evenly distributed in it, while abrasive wear resistance doubled its value. Using the investment casting process, working elements of teeth for the excavators and mechanical coal miners were cast.
Harmfulness Assessment of Resins Used as Lustrous Carbon Carriers in Bentonite Moulding Sands
Authors: Holtzer M. , Żymankowska-Kumon S. , Kubecki M. , Kwaśniewska-Królikowska D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The assessment of harmfulness of two resins applied as a partial substitute of coal dust in moulding sands with bentonite - was performed in the paper. The emission value of compounds from the PAH and BTEX groups was assumed as the main harmfulness criterion. Also mixtures of the Kormix type prepared with additions of these resins were tested. Experiments were carried out in an argon atmosphere in a temperature range: 500-1300°. The obtained emission values of these substances were recalculated for 1% of lustrous carbon content in each carrier. It was assumed in the calculations, that the NW 1 and NW 2 carriers contain approximately 55% of lustrous carbon while the Kormix mixture approximately 15%. The critical temperature of forming compounds of the PAH group for the NW 1 carrier is 900°, while for the NW 2 carrier is 1100° (this is a temperature, at which the emission abruptly increases). In case of formation of compounds from the BTEX group the critical temperature for both lustrous carbon carriers is a temperature of 900°.
Heat Exchange in the System Mould – Riser – Ambient. Part I: Heat Exchange Coefficient from Mould External Surface
Authors: Krajewski P.K. , Zovko-Brodarac Z. , Krajewski W.K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The subject of the paper is heat exchange in the system casting - riser - ambient. The examinations were focused on evaluating temperature dependence of the coefficient of heat exchange from mould external surface (or from riser thermally insulated surface) to ambient. The examinations were carried out for the surface temperatures of 200-800°. On the basis of the performed examinations it was stated that the relationship αext:eff vs. surface temperature can be described by a polynomial of 3rd degree with accuracy of 90-95% and that the αext:eff coefficient significantly depends on the examined material mass density.
Modeling of Self-Induced Vibrations that Occur During the Machining Process of Casting Patterns with the Use of The Fuzzy-Neural Networks Method
Authors: Herberg A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article outlines a methodology of modeling self-induced vibrations that occur in the course of machining of metal objects, i.e. when shaping casting patterns on CNC machining centers. The modeling process presented here is based on an algorithm that makes use of local model fuzzy-neural networks. The algorithm falls back on the advantages of fuzzy systems with Takagi-Sugeno-Kanga (TSK) consequences and neural networks with auxiliary modules that help optimize and shorten the time needed to identify the best possible network structure.
The modeling of self-induced vibrations allows analyzing how the vibrations come into being. This in turn makes it possible to develop effective ways of eliminating these vibrations and, ultimately, designing a practical control system that would dispose of the vibrations altogether.
Dynamic Behaviour of a Vibrating Jaw Crusher for Disintegration of Hard Materials
Authors: Wolny S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
One of the trends in design solutions of crushers ensuring the crushing ratio of about 30 involves the application of the vibratory-impulse action to the material to be crushed. Crushers utilising these effects are referred to as vibratory crushers. During the vibratory crushing the material to be disintegrated is subjected to the action of fast changing shearing forces, which leads to the material being crushed either by applied impulses or by fatigue action, unlike conventional crushers where the structure of the material is damaged by the applied pressure.
A dynamic analysis of the vibrating jaw crusher operation is provided and its potential application to crushing hard materials, such as alloy materials containing iron and slag from metallurgical processes are explored.
Manganese Influence on Chromium Distribution in High-Chromium Cast Irons
Authors: Byelikov S. , Volchok I. , Netrebko V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
It is shown that chromium distribution in the metal base of high-chromium cast irons depends on manganese content. According to the X-ray micro-spectral analysis data with the increase of manganese content from 0.72 to 6.49% chromium content decreased in the near-carbide zones. At the same time chromium content in carbides increased. This process obtained particularly strong development inside eutectic colonies of carbides. As a result of it, when total chromium content in the alloy has been 23%, its concentration in the local zones was 12,3%, thus the necessary level of corrosion resistance has not been provided. The minimal chromium content has to amount 23.2%, at 6.49% Mn and 2.2...2.5% C in order to provide corrosion resistance of high-chromium cast irons
The Rationalization of Construction and Operation of the Equipment for the Moulding Sand Preparation
Authors: Fedoryszyn A. , Rudy C. , Smyksy K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The rationalization of construction and vibro- fluidised bed coolers and turbine (rotary) mixers, allows for keep sufficiently high quality and increasing their utility values. This concerns optimization of construction and operation to increase the efficiency of their work. The presented research results illustrate a range of the work designed primarily to supplement theoretical foundations of realized processes in industrial devices, including the topics vibro- fluidization , evaporative cooling and refreshing mixing. Presented results concern the investigation of the industrial devices, which is difficult in the practical accomplishment. The part of testing was conducted in real terms of the functioning devices in the industry.
System of Semantic Integration of Non-Structuralized Documents in Natural Language in the Domain of Metallurgy
Authors: Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Regulski K. , Krzyżak M. , Leśniak G. , Gurda M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper presents assumptions for a system of automatic cataloging and semantic text documents searching. As an example, a document repository for metals processing technology was used. The system by using ontological model provides the user with a new approach to the exploration of database resources - easier and more intuitive information search. In the current document storage systems, searching is often based only on keywords and descriptions created manually by the system administrator. The use of text mining methods, especially latent semantic indexing, allows automatic clustering of documents with respect to their content. The result of this clustering is integrated with the ontological model, making navigation through documents resources intuitive and does not require the manual creation of directories. Such an approach seems to be particularly useful in a situation where we are dealing with large repositories of unstructured documents from such sources as the Internet. This situation is very typical for cases of searching information and knowledge in the area of metallurgy, for example with regard to innovation and non-traditional suppliers of materials and equipment.
Computer Control the Cooling Process in Permanent Mold Casting of Al-Si Alloy
Authors: Władysiak R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the test results of a computerized control system the sequential cooling process of permanent mold with use of water mist in the gravity die casting process.
It describes the process for preparing high-quality casts made of AlSi7Mg alloy that achieves enhanced mechanical properties. A scheme of developed device and drivers for selected methods of sequence cooling for manufacturing of castings made in permanent steel mold was presented here. Also the microstructure and mechanical properties of received aluminium casts were described. It was shown that the use of a computer system to control the water mist cooling point of the mold not only accelerates the cooling of the cast and the gravity die casting cycle shortens, but also it has a positive effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of castings made of unmodified AlSi7Mg alloy in a raw state.
Morphological characteristics of the external carotid artery
Authors: Gavrilidou P. , Iliescu D.M. , Baz R. , Bordei P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The morphological characteristics at the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery were studied on 46 cases, finding that the most frequent, in 52.17% of cases, the common carotid bifurcation appear as the letter “V”, with two possible variations: a wide “V”, in 43.48% of cases and narrow “V” in 8.7% of cases. In 30.43% of cases, the two carotids showed an ascending traject, united for 1-2 cm up to their crossing; in 13,04% of the cases the two arteries were superimposed, the external located anteriorly. In only in two cases on the right side (4.35% of cases and 8.33% of right samples) we found a peculiar aspect of a “U” shaped bifurcation. Regarding the caliber of the external carotid artery, we found that in 43.33% of the cases the external carotid artery had a similar diameter to the internal carotid, also in 43.33% of the external carotid artery have a higher caliber than internal one and the remaining 13.33% of the cases, the external carotid artery had a smaller diameter than the internal one, with all cases on the left (16.67% of left carotid arteries). The caliber of the right external carotid artery was between 4 to 5.6 mm and the one of the left was between 3.6 to 5 mm. When the external carotid was more voluminous than the internal, the differences were 0.5 to 1.2 mm and when the internal carotid was more voluminous than the external, the differences were smaller, 0.2 to 0.8 mm. In relation to the common carotid, the external carotid had a smaller caliber from 0.6 to 1.1 mm. Regarding the external carotid traject, most commonly, from the bifurcation of the common carotid, the external carotid artery showed a vertical trajectory, in 50% of cases; in 40% of cases, the traject was oblique superomedially and in 6.67% of cases the external carotid artery described a curve with the convexity facing laterally, with all cases on the right (11.76% of right carotid arteries); in 3.33% of cases, both on the left (7.69% of the left carotid arteries), the external carotid artery traject described an inverted italic “S”
Sedation in elderly patient undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia: propofol vs. midazolam
Authors: Costea D. , Popescu R. , Gherghina V. , Nicolae Gh. , Cîndea Iulia , Balcan Alina 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
It is widely known the need for a high quality sedation associated with local regional anesthesia in elderly patients’ surgery. The aim of this study was to compare two sedation regimes: propofol and midazolam, associated to spinal anesthesia with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine in lower abdominal surgery in elderly patients. After obtaining the informed consent, 60 patients aged between 65 and 82 years old (ASA I-III), scheduled for unilateral hernioplasty , under spinal anesthesia with isobaric bupivacaine 1,5 ml (0.5%), were randomized into two groups of 30 patients each: P group - patients received propofol 3mg/kg/body/hour in the first 10 minutes and then continuous infusion by injection of 1,8 mg/kg/body/hour, and group M-patients who have received midazolam 0,2mg/kg/body/hour in the first 10 minutes and then continuous infusion by injection of 0,15 mg/kg/body/hour. In order to achieve a similar level of sedation we used 0,1% midazolam infusion and 1% propofol. Intraoperative, the following have been monitored: heart rate and breath, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation. We have also recorded the sedation score (modified Wilson sedation scale), awakening times, patient satisfaction at 24 hours (satisfaction score according to Iowa University). The average score of sedation for group P was of 3,24 ± 0,23, compared to 2,64 ±0,42 in group M (p = 0.001). Both drugs reduce blood pressure, but not more than 20% of the initial value. There are no significant differences in the satisfaction score of the patient (p = 0,18). There was just one case of respiratory depression in group M with the decrease of SpO2 at 86%.Sedation with propofol associated with local regional anesthesia techniques in elderly patients seems to provide better conditions in terms of sedation score and lack of
respiratory depression compared with the administration of midazolam. Recovery was significantly faster after sedation with propofol. The satisfaction score of the patient was similar in the two groups