bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between stream hydrogeomorphology and co‐dependent mussel–fish assemblages: evidence from an Ohio, USA river system
Authors: Bey Clarissa R. , Sullivan S. Mažeika P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Understanding linkages among fluvial geomorphology, habitat, and aquatic biota is critical for effective stream ecosystem conservation. However, composite effects of hydrogeomorphic adjustment and condition, which collectively represent channel stability, on freshwater mussel and stream fish assemblages remain unresolved.
Associations between stream hydrogeomorphic characteristics (channel geometry, substrate composition, stream flow) and mussel and stream fish assemblages were explored at 20 study reaches characterized by riffle–pool interfaces (RPIs) in Ohio, USA.
At a coarse resolution using categorical classifications of equilibrium (i.e. stable) vs. adjusting (i.e. unstable) RPIs, overall fish and darter density was greater at adjusting RPIs (P = 0.048 and P = 0.024, respectively). Conversely, fish species richness was 1.2× greater at equilibrium than adjusting RPIs (P = 0.047).
Analysis of quantitative hydrogeomorphic data collected with fine‐resolution surveys showed that hydrogeomorphic parameters explained from 20% (darter assemblage evenness) to 55% (density of mussels known to use darters as hosts) of the variation observed in all assemblages. Drainage area was significant in most models with variable influence: R2 = 0.10 for darter species richness to R2 = 0.41 for Simpson's diversity index of mussels with darter hosts. Other important predictor variables included embeddedness, velocity, shear stress, roughness, channel dimensions, and sediment size.
Whereas coarse‐level fluvial geomorphic classifications may be meaningful for fish, they appear less so for mussels. Fine‐resolution quantitative hydrogeomorphic variables provided substantially more information for both assemblages, although hydrogeomorphology–fish and hydrogeomorphology–mussel relationships were not consistent. Some of the strongest relationships related to mussels that use darters as hosts, suggesting that these species are particularly sensitive to hydrogeomorphic conditions.
Collectively, these results indicate that fluvial geomorphic condition and characteristics can simultaneously influence co‐dependent stream biota. Stream conservation and management plans that include explicit hydrogeomorphic surveys may appreciably benefit cohabitating freshwater fish and mussel assemblages.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive function and social attainment in adult survivors of retinoblastoma: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Merchant Thomas E. , Li Zhenghong , Brennan Rachel , Wilson Matthew , Hoehn Mary Ellen , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Phipps Sean , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDRetinoblastoma has a 5‐year survival rate exceeding 95%, yet little is known about long‐term functional outcomes for these patients.METHODSSixty‐nine adult survivors of retinoblastoma (mean age, 33 years; mean years post‐diagnosis, 31) who had enrolled in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study completed clinical cognitive evaluations and questionnaires assessing adult social attainment. Scores on all cognitive measures were converted to z‐scores (M = 0, SD = 1) using age‐adjusted normative data. Multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for age at diagnosis and disease laterality, were used to examine associations between disease and treatment exposures and cognitive outcomes.RESULTSRetinoblastoma survivors performed within normative expectations across most cognitive domains. In multivariable models, adjusted for disease laterality, survivors diagnosed at ≤1 year of age performed significantly better on measures of short‐term verbal memory (β = 0.87, P<.01), long‐term verbal memory (β = 0.66, P = .02), verbal learning (β = 0.67, P = .02), and verbal reasoning abilities (β = 0.79, P<.01) compared with survivors diagnosed at >1 year of age. In multivariable models, restricted to bilateral survivors and adjusted for age at diagnosis, whole brain radiation exposure was significantly associated with poorer performance on tasks of short‐term verbal memory (β = −0.003, P = .03) and long‐term verbal memory (β = −0.003, P = .01). Reported social attainment was consistent with adult developmental expectations.CONCLUSIONSAdult survivors of retinoblastoma demonstrate few cognitive or social attainment deficits decades following diagnosis and treatment. Findings suggest the potential for neural reorganization following early insult to the visual system as well as vulnerability of the developing brain to low dose radiation exposure. Early intervention and rehabilitation will be important for these patients. Cancer 2015;121:123–131. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Timer‐based power management for infrastructure IEEE 802.11 WLAN with unreliable wireless links
Authors: Luan Shenji , Zhu Yi‐hua , Lv Hangyu , Hu Hua 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYEfficient power management is a critical requirement for the battery‐operated portable electronic devices incorporating wireless transceivers to have a longer runtime. The existing timer‐based power management (TPM) is able to balance energy saving and quality of service requirements by tuning the values of its idle and doze timers. In this paper, the TPM applied in the infrastructure IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network with unreliable wireless links, referred to as TPM‐UWL, is presented. A novel stochastic analysis model is developed for TPM‐UWL, based on which the probabilities that a mobile station (STA) is at active, dozing, and idle states are obtained. Additionally, the number of buffered frames at the access point and the sleeping STA, the STA's average power consumption, and a frame's average delay under TPM‐UWL are derived. Further, the optimization problem that minimizes power consumption under the constraints of delay and buffer size is presented, which enables an STA to set its maximum number of retransmissions and the values of the idle and doze timers in the medium access control layer such that power consumption is minimized, while the constraints of delay and buffer size are satisfied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling long‐term (300 ka) upland catchment response to multiple lava damming events
Authors: van Gorp W. , Temme A. J. A. M. , Veldkamp A. , Schoorl J. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLandscapes respond in complex ways to external drivers such as base level change due to damming events. In this study, landscape evolution modelling was used to understand and analyse long‐term catchment response to lava damming events. PalaeoDEM reconstruction of a small Turkish catchment (45 km2) that endured multiple lava damming events in the past 300 ka, was used to derive long‐term net erosion rates. These erosion rates were used for parameter calibration and led to a best fit parameter set. This optimal parameter set was used to compare net erosion landscape time series of four scenarios: (i) no uplift and no damming events; (ii) no uplift and three damming events; (iii) uplift and no damming events; and (iv) uplift and three damming events. Spatial evolution of net erosion and sediment storage of scenario (iii) and (iv) were compared. Simulation results demonstrate net erosion differences after 250 000 years between scenarios with and without dams. Initially, trunk gullies show less net erosion in the scenario with damming events compared with the scenario without damming events. This effect of dampened erosion migrates upstream to smaller gullies and local slopes. Finally, an intrinsic incision pulse in the dam scenario results in a higher net erosion of trunk gullies while decoupled local slopes are still responding to the pre‐incision landscape conditions. Sediment storage differences also occur on a 100 ka scale. These differences behaved in a complex manner owing to different timings of the migration of erosion and sediment waves along the gullies for each scenario. Although the specific spatial and temporal sequence of erosion and deposition events is sensitive to local parameters, this model study shows the manner in which past short‐lived events like lava dams have long‐lasting effects on catchment evolution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective omission of level V nodal coverage for patients with oropharyngeal cancer: Clinical validation of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy experience and dosimetric significance
Authors: Mohindra Pranshu , Urban Erich , Pagan Jonathan D. , Geye Heather M. , Patel Vatsal B. , Bayliss R. Adam A. , Bender Edward T. , Harari Paul M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe sought to validate the consensus recommendation and assess dosimetric significance of selective omission of nodal level V from intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) clinical target volume (CTV) for oropharyngeal cancer.MethodsIMRT plans and clinical outcomes for 112 patients with oropharyngeal cancer (nodal classification N0–N2b) were analyzed for coverage of ipsilateral and contralateral nodal level V. Additionally, new IMRT plans were generated in 6 randomly selected patients to assess its dosimetric impact.ResultsWith median follow‐up of 3.4 years, there were no failures identified in nodal level V with or without nodal level V omission. Upon dosimetric evaluation, significant reduction in integral dose, V10 Gy, V20 Gy, V30 Gy, V40 Gy, and V50 Gy was observed by excluding unilateral and bilateral level V from the CTV.ConclusionWe clinically validate the consensus recommendation for selective omission of level V nodal coverage in IMRT planning of patients with oropharyngeal cancer and demonstrate significant dosimetric advantages. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 499–505, 2016
Electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2 using potassium methoxide and the ionic liquid [bmim][Br] in a filter‐press cell: a study of the influence of cell configuration
Authors: Garcia‐Herrero Isabel , Alvarez‐Guerra Manuel , Irabien Angel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe valorization of CO2 into added‐value products appears to be a promising strategy for reducing CO2 emissions. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an environmentally friendly valuable product, with multiple applications, suggested as a potential gasoline additive. However, DMC has traditionally been produced from hazardous phosgene and CO routes, which encourages the interest in developing new processes. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the membrane in a filter‐press electrochemical cell for the valorization of CO2 by the electrosynthesis of DMC from methanol in the presence of the ionic liquid [bmim][Br] and CH3OK and avoiding the addition of carcinogens.RESULTSThe performance of the process has been studied using six different anion exchange membranes in comparison with an undivided configuration and our previous study using a cationic exchange membrane. A significant increase in the initial reaction rate is achieved when no membrane is employed. Regardless of which membrane is used, an additional resistance seems to be introduced. A final concentration of 85 mmol L−1 was obtained up to 48 h without membrane, which is a 6‐fold increase over our previous work.CONCLUSIONSAlthough better results were obtained when no membrane was used, study of the divided cell has provided experimental evidence that can serve as a reference for the evaluation of future improvements in this electrosynthesis. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal of Arsenic (III) from groundwater applying a reusable Mg‐Fe‐Cl layered double hydroxide
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Qian , Ashekuzzaman S.M. , Hargreaves Justin S. J. , McFarlane Andrew R. , Badruzzaman A Borhan M , Tarek Mehedi Hasan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDLayered double hydroxide compounds (LDHs) have been applied for the removal of oxyanions including arsenate (As(V)). However, the aim of this present research is to develop a LDH to treat arsenite (As(III)). Both batch and column sorption studies were conducted to assess the effect of LDH dosage, contact time, solution pH and initial As(III) concentrations on the As(III) removal performance. The potential re‐use of this sorbent was also investigated.RESULTSFor 2 g L−1 of Mg‐Fe‐Cl LDH, As(III) in test solution can be reduced from 400 µg L−1 to <10 µg L−1 after a contact time of 2 h. High As(III) concentration in Bangladesh groundwater can be reduced to meet the national drinking water standards (<50 µg L−1). The maximum adsorption capacity of As(III) by Mg‐Fe‐Cl LDH is 14.6 mg g−1‐LDH. Further, reusability of this sorbent was at least 20 cycles of regeneration with effective As(III) removal between 93.0 and 98.5%. Moreover, As(III) removal was unaffected by the solution pH but affected by the co‐existing competing anions and concentration of As(III). Finally, the main mechanism of As(III) removal by Mg‐Fe‐Cl LDH was suggested to be chemical sorption together with anion and ligand exchange with interlayer Cl− and OH− ions.CONCLUSIONHigh efficiency of sorption of As(III) by the developed Mg‐Fe‐Cl LDH was demonstrated in this study which is generally not the case for most other sorbent materials. Pilot‐scale trials are needed to explore the suitability of full application of the developed Mg‐Fe‐Cl LDH for the removal of As(III). © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dual optical modality endoscopic imaging of cancer development in the mouse colon
Authors: Keenan Molly R. , Leung Sarah J. , Rice Photini S. , Wall R. Andrew , Barton Jennifer K. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectiveWe utilize a miniature, dual‐modality endoscope that combines fluorescence‐based surface magnifying chromoendoscopy (SMC) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to follow the anatomical changes that occur during adenoma development in the mouse colon.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five mice were treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) to induce tumor development in the distal colon, or were treated with saline as control, and were imaged over six months. OCT detects adenoma number with high sensitivity and specificity and can measure lesion size. In methylene blue‐lavaged colons, SMC detects changes in the colonic crypts. SMC images of control mouse colons exhibit reticulated patterns of crypts of equal size, forming either a dot or honeycomb pattern.ResultsImages of AOM‐treated colons show mild crypt irregularities even in grossly normal tissue. Images of small to medium adenoma exhibit larger crypts, more intense signal, and irregular spacing whereas those of large adenoma have heterogeneous, intense signal and loss of crypt structure.ConclusionsThe combination of OCT and SMC permits the detection of neoplastic events from the earliest stages of crypt irregularities before gross tissue changes are noted, through to measuring the growth of protruding adenoma. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:30–39, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An overview of network virtualization and cloud network as a service
Authors: Alshaer Hamada 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYCloud computing services delivery and consumption model is based on communication infrastructure (network). The network serves as a linkage between the end‐users consuming cloud services and the providers of data centers providing the cloud services. In addition, in large‐scale cloud data centers, tens of thousands of compute and storage nodes are connected by a data center network to deliver a single‐purpose cloud service. To this end, some questions could be raised, such as the following: How do network architectures affect cloud computing? How will network architecture evolve to support better cloud computing and cloud‐based service delivery? What is the network's role in reliability, performance, scalability, and security of cloud computing? Should the network be a dumb transport pipe or an intelligent stack that is cloud workload aware? This paper focuses on the networking aspect in cloud computing and shall provide insights to these questions. Researchers can use this paper to accelerate their research on devising mechanisms for the following: (i) provisioning cloud network as a service and (ii) engineering network of data centers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Elucidation of the O‐Antigen Polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O181
Authors: Fontana Carolina , Weintraub Andrej , Widmalm Göran 
Published: December 2014

AbstractShiga‐toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important pathogen associated to food‐borne infection in humans; strains of E. coli O181, isolated from human cases of diarrhea, have been classified as belonging to this pathotype. Herein, the structure of the O‐antigen polysaccharide (PS) from E. coli O181 has been investigated. The sugar analysis showed quinovosamine (QuiN), glucosamine (GlcN), galactosamine (GalN), and glucose (Glc) as major components. Analysis of the high‐resolution mass spectrum of the oligosaccharide (OS), obtained by dephosphorylation of the O‐deacetylated PS with aqueous 48 % hydrofluoric acid, revealed a pentasaccharide composed of two QuiNAc, one GlcNAc, one GalNAc, and one Glc residue. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of the OS were carried out using 1 D and 2 D NMR experiments, and the OS was sequenced using a combination of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data and NMR 13C NMR glycosylation shifts. The structure of the native PS was determined using NMR spectroscopy, and it consists of branched pentasaccharide repeating units joined by phosphodiester linkages: →4)[α‐l‐QuipNAc‐(1→3)]‐α‐d‐GalpNAc6Ac‐(1→6)‐α‐d‐Glcp‐(1→P‐4)‐α‐l‐QuipNAc‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐GlcpNAc‐(1→; the O‐acetyl groups represent 0.4 equivalents per repeating unit. Both the OS and PSs exhibit rare conformational behavior since two of the five anomeric proton resonances could only be observed at an elevated temperature.
Effect of bio‐based monomers on the scratch resistance of acrylate photopolymerizable coatings
Authors: Prandato Emeline , Livi Sébastien , Melas Michel , Auclair Justine , Verney Vincent , Fleury Etienne , Méchin Françoise 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPhotopolymerizable clear coatings based on bio‐sourced acrylates, dedicated to the protection of polycarbonate substrates, were studied. The bio‐sourced compounds were not based on triglycerides but were smaller, industrially available molecules similar to classical petro‐based monomers. Their polymerization kinetics was studied by photo‐DSC and was shown to allow high acrylate conversions even at 25 °C. Closely related coatings enriched in alkyl segments, or in monoacrylates to decrease the crosslinking density, were compared. The material composition affects its nanomorphology deduced from X‐ray diffraction. Although these changes in composition can slightly shift the mechanical relaxation, it remains wide, and the elastic modulus remains high (>108 Pa) for all the tested materials. Microscratch experiments highlighted the efficiency of all the new coatings in terms of protection against scratches. Incorporating a monoacrylate, particularly isobornyl acrylate, can improve the scratch resistance especially in terms of critical load (up to 175% increase compared with a classical petro‐based coating). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 379–388
Current Concepts in Penetrating and Blast Injury to the Central Nervous System
Authors: Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. , Bell Randy S. , Armonda Rocco 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo review the current management, prognostic factors and outcomes of penetrating and blast injuries to the central nervous system and highlight the differences between gunshot wound, blast injury and stabbing.MethodsA review of the current literature was performed.ResultsOf patients with craniocerebral GSW, 66–90 % die before reaching hospital. Of those who are admitted to hospital, up to 51 % survive. The patient age, GCS, pupil size and reaction, ballistics and CT features are important factors in the decision to operate and in prognostication. Blast injury to the brain is a component of multisystem polytrauma and has become a common injury encountered in war zones and following urban terrorist events. GSW to the spine account for 13–17 % of all gunshot injuries.ConclusionsUrgent resuscitation, correction of coagulopathy and early surgery with wide cranial decompression may improve the outcome in selected patients with severe craniocerebral GSW. More limited surgery is undertaken for focal brain injury due to GSW. A non‐operative approach may be taken if the clinical status is very poor (GCS 3, fixed dilated pupils) or GCS 4–5 with adverse CT findings or where there is a high likelihood of death or poor outcome. Civilian spinal GSWs are usually stable neurologically and biomechanically and do not require exploration. The indications for exploration are as follows: (1) compressive lesions with partial spinal cord or cauda equina injury, (2) mechanical instability and (3) complications. The principles of management of blast injury to the head and spine are the same as for GSW. Multidisciplinary specialist management is required for these complex injuries.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of the Open Abdomen and Temporary Abdominal Closure Techniques in Non‐trauma Patients
Authors: Atema J. J. , Gans S. L. , Boermeester M. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundSeveral challenging clinical situations in patients with peritonitis can result in an open abdomen (OA) and subsequent temporary abdominal closure (TAC). Indications and treatment choices differ among surgeons. The risk of fistula development and the possibility to achieve delayed fascial closure differ between techniques. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the OA and TAC in peritonitis patients, to analyze indications and to assess delayed fascial closure, enteroatmospheric fistula and mortality rate, overall and per TAC technique.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies describing the OA in patients of whom 50 % or more had peritonitis of a non‐traumatic origin.ResultsThe search identified 74 studies describing 78 patient series, comprising 4,358 patients of which 3,461 (79 %) had peritonitis. The overall quality of the included studies was low and the indications for open abdominal management differed considerably. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was the most frequent described TAC technique (38 of 78 series). The highest weighted fascial closure rate was found in series describing NPWT with continuous mesh or suture mediated fascial traction (6 series, 463 patients: 73.1 %, 95 % confidence interval 63.3–81.0 %) and dynamic retention sutures (5 series, 77 patients: 73.6 %, 51.1–88.1 %). Weighted rates of fistula varied from 5.7 % after NPWT with fascial traction (2.2–14.1 %), 14.6 % (12.1–17.6 %) for NPWT only, and 17.2 % after mesh inlay (17.2–29.5 %).ConclusionAlthough the best results in terms of achieving delayed fascial closure and risk of enteroatmospheric fistula were shown for NPWT with continuous fascial traction, the overall quality of the available evidence was poor, and uniform recommendations cannot be made.