bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Méthode de réduction des rejets aqueux des ateliers de traitement de surface
Authors: Laforest Valérie , Debray Bruno , Bourgois Jacques 
Published: June 2015

The metal finishing industries generate a large quantity of wastewater usually polluted by toxic chemicals. In order to reduce the effluents and to respect the laws, we have built a method which helps professionals to reduce the amount of wastewater. Afterwards, a computer tool was developed in order to carry out the optimization.
Les ateliers de traitement de surface sont générateurs de grandes quantités d'effluents liquides chargés en produits chimiques souvent toxiques. Afin de limiter l'impact de cette activité sur l'environnement et d'aider les industriels à respecter les contraintes réglementaires, on a mis au point une méthode d'optimisation des rejets en eau. Ce travail a débouché sur le développement d'un outil informatique support de la méthode.
Étude de la combustion de produits organiques aromatiques chlorés: Le cas du monochlorobenzène
Authors: Rouzet Gilles , Schwartz Dominique , Gadiou Roger , Delfosse Lucien 
Published: June 2015

Chlorobenzene is widely used in chemical processes, and the elimination of this sort of industrial waste by incineration must be carefully done because this chemical species can lead to the formation of a great number of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Among these molecules dioxines and dibenzofurans are highly toxic. In order to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms which lead to the formation of these species, a study of the pyrolysis and the combustion of chlorobenzene was done. The different reaction products were identified and quantified, and the influence of temperature and oxygen concentration was investigated. The results show that thermal decomposition is highly dependent upon combustion conditions, 80% of the initial chlorine is present as HCl, the remaining fraction is mainly present in solid carbon. A great number of hydrocarbons is formed, benzene, acetylene and methane represent the main part of the carbon mass balance. Experiments performed in rich conditions showed that two cycle aromatic hydrocarbons were formed: biphenyles or naphtalenes chlorinated or not. In some cases, a substantial amount of phenol and chlorophenol was formed even in stoichiometric conditions.
Le chlorobenzène est utilisé en grande quantité dans l'industrie chimique, l'élimination de ce type de déchet industriel par incinération doit être menée avec précaution car cette molécule peut conduire à la formation de nombreux hydrocarbures aromatiques chlorés, parmi lesquels on trouve les dioxines et dibenzofuranes particulièrement nocifs. Afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui conduisent à la formation de ces molécules, une étude de la pyrolyse et de la combustion du chlorobenzène a été réalisée. Les différents produits formés ont été identifiés et quantifiés en fonction de la température et de la quantité d'oxygène présente dans les milieux gazeux. Les résultats montrent que la décomposition thermique est très dépendante des conditions de combustion, 80 % du chlore se retrouve sous la forme de HCl, le reste étant principalement inclus dans le carbone solide. De nombreux hydrocarbures sont formés, le benzène, l'acétylène, le méthane et les oxydes de carbone représentent la plus grande part du bilan carbone. Les expériences en milieu riche ont montré qu'il y avait formation de composés à deux cycles : biphényles et naphtalènes chlorés ou non. Dans certaines conditions, une formation importante de phénol et de chlorophénol a été observée même en présence d'une quantité stoechiométrique d'oxygène.
Procédé de réduction de la corrosion par le chlore et de l’encrassement des faisceaux de tubes d'usines d'incinération
Authors: Allal K.M. , Birkner F. 
Published: June 2015

The solution to the chlorine corrosion and the fouling problems of boiler and heat exchanger tubes in waste incineration plants is given by the use of ICA products. This is mainly based on the injection at the secondary combustion air entrance of a mineral substance called ICA 5000. Beside its corrosion inhibition effect, it yields the protection of the combustion chamber refractory coating, the formation on the heated surfaces of an easily removable ash, an increase of the plant treating capacity, a decrease of the cleaning.
Le procédé ICA est une réponse au problème de la corrosion par le chlore et de l'encrassement des faisceaux tubulaires de chaudières et échangeurs de chaleur dans les usines d'incinération. Celui-ci est mis en œuvre par l'injection au niveau de l'air secondaire de combustion, d'une substance minérale appelée ICA 5000. Outre son effet inhibiteur de corrosion, ce procédé permet de protéger le revêtement réfractaire de la chambre de combustion, de former un dépôt meuble sur les surfaces chauffantes, d'augmenter la capacité de traitement de l'unité, de diminuer le temps de nettoyage et par là même de réduire les coûts d'entretien.
Le tri des ordures ménagères dans les pays en développement: Étude de cas au Brésil
Authors: Bertolini Gérard , Foully Bernard , Morvan Bernard 
Published: June 2015

The feasibility and opportunity analysis to build and operate materials recovery facilities (MRFs) in developing countries has to avoid a mimetic concept on the basis of old industrialized countries.Brazil corresponds in fact to an intermediate position of new industrialized country. Eight examples of MRFs or sorting centers of household refuse have been considered. They correspond to various contexts and have specific characteristics.Complementary investigations concern the outlets of the recovery materials and the recycling facilities, the requirements, the processes and the markets.
Les analyses de faisabilité et d'opportunité de la construction et du fonctionnement de centres de tri des ordures ménagères dans les pays en développement doivent éviter de transposer, de façon mimétique, les raisonnements appliqués dans les pays industrialisés de longue date.Le Brésil fournit en fait un contexte intermédiaire de nouveau pays industriel (NPI). Huit exemples de centres de tri (tous sur ordures brutes) correspondant à des situations différentes, ayant des caractéristiques et des modes de fonctionnement contrastés, ont été retenus.Des analyses complémentaires concernent les débouchés, et au-delà, les filières de valorisation des matériaux récupérés.
Frequency of surgery and hospital admissions for communicable diseases in a high- and middle-income setting
Authors: Jarnheimer A , Kantor G , Bickler S , Farmer P , Hagander L 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
In high-income countries, non-communicable diseases drive the demand for surgical healthcare. Middle-income countries face a double disease burden, of both communicable and non-communicable disease. The aim of this study was to describe the role of surgery for the in-hospital care of infectious conditions in the high-income country Sweden and the middle-income country South Africa.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed of 1·4 million infectious disease admissions. The study populations were the entire population of Sweden, and a cohort of 3·5 million South Africans with private healthcare insurance, during a 7-year interval. The outcome measures were frequency of surgical procedures across a spectrum of diseases, and sex and age during the medical care event.

Results
Some 8·1 per cent of Swedish and 15·7 per cent of South African hospital admissions were because of infectious disease. The proportion of infectious disease admissions that were associated with surgery was constant over time: 8·0 (95 per cent c.i. 7·9 to 8·1) per cent in Sweden and 21·1 (21·0 to 21·2) per cent in South Africa. The frequency of surgery was 2·6 (2·6 to 2·7) times greater in South Africa, and 2·2 (2·2 to 2·3) times higher after standardization for age, sex and disease category.

Conclusion
The study suggests that surgical care is required to manage patients with communicable diseases, even in high-income settings with efficient prevention and functional primary care. These results further stress the importance of scaling up functional surgical health systems in low- and middle-income countries, where the disease burden is distinguished by infectious disease.
Comparative recruitment, morphology and reproduction of a generalist trematode,Dicrocoelium dendriticum, in three species of host
Authors: BECK MELISSA A. , GOATER CAMERON P. , COLWELL DOUGLAS D. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYEpidemiological rate parameters of host generalist parasites are difficult to estimate, especially in cases where variation in parasite performance can be attributed to host species. Such cases are likely common for generalist parasites of sympatric grazing mammals. In this study, we combined data from experimental exposures in cattle and sheep and natural infections in elk to compare the recruitment, morphology and reproduction of adultDicrocoelium dendriticum, a generalist trematode that has emerged in sympatric grazing hosts in Cypress Hills Provincial Park, Alberta. Overall, there were no significant differences in the recruitment of metacercariae and in the pre-patency period of adults in experimentally exposed cattle and sheep. All flukes reached reproductive maturity and the degree of reproductive inequality between individual flukes within each infrapopulation was moderate and approximately equal among the three host species. Neither fluke size norper capitafecundity was constrained by density dependence. Thus, fitness parameters associated with growth and reproduction were approximately equivalent among at least three species of definitive host, two of which are sympatric on pastures in this Park. The generalist life-history strategy of this trematode, which is known to extend to other stages of its life cycle, has likely contributed to its invasion history outside its native range in Europe.
Too much Zeal on Seals? Animal Welfare, Public Morals, and Consumer Ethics at the Bar of the WTO
Authors: HERWIG ALEXIA 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Seals Regime at issue in EC–Seals pursued conflicting policy objectives of animal welfare, protection of public morals, Inuit, and the marine environment through regulation of product composition and hunting. The panel's TBT findings are problematic. The panel uses the term ‘related’ PPMs in the definition of technical regulations of content and does not distinguish and sequence the legal tests of TBT Articles 2.1 and 2.2 clearly enough. It fails to analyze properly how the necessity analysis should be performed for a multipurpose policy and reduces the ability of WTO members to defend them. The panel also adopts an unduly empiricist definition of public morals and legitimate objectives. This article argues that the content of public morals and legitimate objectives in Article 2.2 should be informed by moral philosophy. Its analysis suggests that collectively binding regulation of ethical standards can generally not be considered to be about public morals.
The Trade in Services Agreement (TISA) and Its Compatibility with GATS: An Assessment Based on Current Evidence
Authors: ADLUNG RUDOLF 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMeasured by the standards of the relevant GATS provisions, in Article V, a very significant share of current regional trade agreements (RTAs) in services is deficient. This includes agreements involving the 50 odd WTO Members that are currently negotiating a Trade in Services Agreement (TISA). While these agreements might have improved significantly on many commitments contained in current GATS schedules, mostly submitted two decades ago, they also introduced new restrictions for which no GATS equivalents exist. Moreover, in a number of cases the parties fiddled with the definitional framework provisions and generally binding obligations and disciplines of the GATS. Should these attempts continue, TISA could not live up to its proclaimed objective of promoting future multilateral liberalization.Nevertheless, a closer look at some RTAs previously concluded by TISA parties also suggests that, with political will, there is a possibility to avoid aberrations: a clause providing that in the event of inconsistencies with WTO/GATS provisions, the latter shall prevail. The incorporation of such a clause might be viewed as a litmus test on participants' continued commitment to multilateralism.
A genome-wide SNP scan accelerates trait-regulatory genomic loci identification in chickpea
Authors: Kujur Alice , Bajaj Deepak , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Das Shouvik , Ranjan Rajeev , Shree Tanima , Saxena Maneesha S. , Badoni Saurabh , Kumar Vinod , Tripathi Shailesh , Gowda C.L.L. , Sharma Shivali , Singh Sube , Tyagi Akhilesh K. , Parida Swarup K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe identified 44844 high-quality SNPs by sequencing 92 diverse chickpea accessions belonging to a seed and pod trait-specific association panel using reference genome- and de novo-based GBS (genotyping-by-sequencing) assays. A GWAS (genome-wide association study) in an association panel of 211, including the 92 sequenced accessions, identified 22 major genomic loci showing significant association (explaining 23–47% phenotypic variation) with pod and seed number/plant and 100-seed weight. Eighteen trait-regulatory major genomic loci underlying 13 robust QTLs were validated and mapped on an intra-specific genetic linkage map by QTL mapping. A combinatorial approach of GWAS, QTL mapping and gene haplotype-specific LD mapping and transcript profiling uncovered one superior haplotype and favourable natural allelic variants in the upstream regulatory region of a CesA-type cellulose synthase (Ca_Kabuli_CesA3) gene regulating high pod and seed number/plant (explaining 47% phenotypic variation) in chickpea. The up-regulation of this superior gene haplotype correlated with increased transcript expression of Ca_Kabuli_CesA3 gene in the pollen and pod of high pod/seed number accession, resulting in higher cellulose accumulation for normal pollen and pollen tube growth. A rapid combinatorial genome-wide SNP genotyping-based approach has potential to dissect complex quantitative agronomic traits and delineate trait-regulatory genomic loci (candidate genes) for genetic enhancement in crop plants, including chickpea.
Ubiquitin-specific Protease 15 Negatively Regulates Virus-induced Type I Interferon Signaling via Catalytically-dependent and -independent Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Dang , Zhong Huijuan , Luo Rui , Shang Min , Liu Dezhi , Chen Huanchun , Fang Liurong , Xiao Shaobo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractViral infection triggers a series of signaling cascades, which converge to activate the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), thereby inducing the transcription of type I interferons (IFNs). Although not fully characterized, these innate antiviral responses are fine-tuned by dynamic ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes. In this study, we report ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 15 is involved in regulation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-dependent type I IFN induction pathway. Knockdown of endogenous USP15 augmented cellular antiviral responses. Overexpression of USP15 inhibited the transcription of IFN-β. Further analyses identified histidine 862 as a critical residue for USP15’s catalytic activity. Interestingly, USP15 specifically removed lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains from RIG-I among the essential components in RIG-I-like receptor-dependent pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that in contrast to USP15 de-ubiquitinating (DUB) activity, USP15-mediated inhibition of IFN signaling was not abolished by mutations eliminating the catalytic activity, indicating that a fraction of USP15-mediated IFN antagonism was independent of the DUB activity. Catalytically inactive USP15 mutants, as did the wild-type protein, disrupted virus-induced interaction of RIG-I and IFN-β promoter stimulator 1. Taken together, our data demonstrate that USP15 acts as a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling via DUB-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Manipulating surface-plasmon-polariton launching with quasi-cylindrical waves
Authors: Sun Chengwei , Chen Jianjun , Yao Wenjie , Li Hongyun , Gong Qihuang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLaunching the free-space light to the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a broad bandwidth is of importance for the future plasmonic circuits. Based on the interference of the pure SPP component, the bandwidths of the unidirectional SPP launching is difficult to be further broadened. By greatly manipulating the SPP intensities with the quasi-cylindrical waves (Quasi-CWs), an ultra-broadband unidirectional SPP launcher is experimentally realized in a submicron asymmetric slit. In the nano-groove of the asymmetric slit, the excited Quasi-CWs are not totally damped and they can be scattered into the SPPs along the metal surface. This brings additional interference and thus greatly manipulates the SPP launching. Consequently, a broadband unidirectional SPP launcher is realized in the asymmetric slit. More importantly, it is found that this principle can be extended to the three-dimensional subwavelength plasmonic waveguide, in which the excited Quasi-CWs in the aperture could be effectively converted to the tightly guided SPP mode along the subwavelength plasmonic waveguide. In the large wavelength range from about 600 nm to 1300 nm, the SPP mode mainly propagates to one direction along the plasmonic waveguide, revealing an ultra-broad (about 700 nm) operation bandwidth of the unidirectional SPP launching.
TOE1 is an inhibitor of HIV-1 replication with cell-penetrating capability
Authors: Sperandio Sabina , Barat Corinne , Cabrita Miguel A. , Gargaun Ana , Berezovski Maxim V. , Tremblay Michel J. , de Belle Ian 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Understanding the host response to HIV-1 infection may provide important clues to design new strategies to prevent further infection and viral spread. In this report, we show that the cellular protein Target Of Egr1 (TOE1) can specifically bind to a HIV-1 regulatory sequence, called the transactivator response element, and inhibit its activity. This inhibition is shown to be sufficient to impair viral transcription and replication in HIV-1–infected T cells. We show that TOE1 is secreted from activated primary T cells, mimicking antigen presentation. Secreted forms of TOE1 cross the plasma membrane of neighboring cells and retain HIV-1 inhibitory activity. These results provide new information on a cellular mediator of HIV-1 inhibition and may guide further therapeutic anti–HIV-1 approaches.
The circle method and bounds for 𝐿-functions—III: 𝑡-aspect subconvexity for 𝐺𝐿(3) 𝐿-functions
Authors: Munshi Ritabrata 
Published: June 2015

Let

π
\pi

be a Hecke-Maass cusp form for

S
L
(
3
,

Z

)

SL(3,\mathbb {Z})

. In this paper we will prove the following subconvex bound:
\[

L

(

1
2

+
i
t
,
π
)

≪

π
,
ε

(
1
+

|

t

|

)

3
4

−

1
16

+
ε

.

L\left (\tfrac {1}{2}+it,\pi \right )\ll _{\pi ,\varepsilon } (1+|t|)^{\frac {3}{4}-\frac {1}{16}+\varepsilon }.

\]
WaspAtlas: ANasonia vitripennisgene database
Authors: Davies Nathaniel J. , Tauber Eran 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSummaryWaspAtlas is a new integrated gene database for the emerging model organismNasonia vitripennis, which combines annotation data from all available annotation releases with original analyses to form the most comprehensiveN. vitripennisresource to date. WaspAtlas allows users to browse and search for gene information in a clear and co-ordinated fashion providing detailed illustrations and easy to understand summaries. The database provides a platform for integrating gene expression and DNA methylation data. WaspAtlas also functions as an archive for empirical data relating to genes, allowing users to easily browse published data relating to their gene(s) of interest.AvailabilityFreely available on the web athttp://waspatlas.com. Website implemented in Catalyst, MySQL and Apache, with all major browsers supported.Contactnjd23@le.ac.uk
Factors driving risk in the US banking industry
Authors: Gregory Katina , Hambusch Gerhard 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how several key risk factors, including capital-to-asset ratio (CAR), franchise value and lobbying, affect various measures of risk in the US banking industry before, during and after the financial crisis. The empirical analysis covers the period 2004-2013.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using recent bank holding company data, this research explores several factors driving risk in the US banking industry. The authors follow recent regulatory models and use a cross-sectional approach that can be employed as a complement to established regulatory bank failure and early warning models to detect and prevent bank crisis and to guide policy intervention over time.

Findings
– The findings provide evidence that the CAR has a negative relationship with bank risk. The authors also show that banks’ franchise values exhibit a positive relationship with bank risk in non-crisis years and a negative relationship during the crisis. The authors further find evidence suggesting that lobbying decreases bank risk in non-crisis years and increases risk during the crisis.

Originality/value
– Previous studies have controversially discussed the effect of factors driving bank risk. The authors contribute to the discussion and provide the first empirical study to analyze the effects of lobbying activities by bank holding companies on bank risk before, during and after the financial crisis.
Mining environmental high‐throughput sequence data sets to identify divergent amplicon clusters for phylogenetic reconstruction and morphotype visualization
Authors: Gimmler Anna , Stoeck Thorsten 
Published: June 2015

SummaryEnvironmental high‐throughput sequencing (envHTS) is a very powerful tool, which in protistan ecology is predominantly used for the exploration of diversity and its geographic and local patterns. We here used a pyrosequenced V4‐SSU rDNA data set from a solar saltern pond as test case to exploit such massive protistan amplicon data sets beyond this descriptive purpose. Therefore, we combined a Swarm‐based blastn network including 11 579 ciliate V4 amplicons to identify divergent amplicon clusters with targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer design for full‐length small subunit of the ribosomal DNA retrieval and probe design for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This powerful strategy allows to benefit from envHTS data sets to (i) reveal the phylogenetic position of the taxon behind divergent amplicons; (ii) improve phylogenetic resolution and evolutionary history of specific taxon groups; (iii) solidly assess an amplicons (species') degree of similarity to its closest described relative; (iv) visualize the morphotype behind a divergent amplicons cluster; (v) rapidly FISH screen many environmental samples for geographic/habitat distribution and abundances of the respective organism and (vi) to monitor the success of enrichment strategies in live samples for cultivation and isolation of the respective organisms.