bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does smoking cessation reduce other substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and pain symptoms? Results from an emulated hypothetical randomized trial of US veterans
Authors: Ban Kaoon (Francois) , Rogers Erin , Khan Maria , Scheidell Joy , Charles Dyanna , Bryant Kendall J. , Justice Amy C. , Braithwaite R. Scott , Caniglia Ellen C. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Quitting smoking may lead to improvement in substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and pain, especially among high-risk populations who are more likely to experience comorbid conditions. However, causal inferences regarding smoking cessation and its subsequent benefits have been limited.

Methods
We emulated a hypothetical open-label randomized control trial of smoking cessation using longitudinal observational data of HIV-positive and HIV-negative US veterans from 2003–2015 in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. We followed individuals from the first time they self-reported current cigarette smoking (baseline). We categorized participants as quitters or non-quitters at the first follow-up visit (approximately 1 year after baseline). Using inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounding and selection bias, we estimated odds ratios for improvement of co-occurring conditions (unhealthy alcohol use, cannabis use, illicit opioid use, cocaine use, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and pain symptoms) at second follow-up (approximately 2 years after baseline) for those who quit smoking compared to those who did not, among individuals who had the condition at baseline.

Results
Of 4,165 eligible individuals (i.e., current smokers at baseline), 419 reported no current smoking and 2,330 reported current smoking at the first follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for associations between quitting smoking and improvement of each condition at second follow-up were: 2.10 (1.01, 4.35) for unhealthy alcohol use, 1.75 (1.00, 3.06) for cannabis use, 1.10 (0.58, 2.08) for illicit opioid use, and 2.25 (1.20, 4.24) for cocaine use, 0.78 (0.44, 1.38) for depressive symptoms, 0.93 (0.58, 1.49) for anxiety symptoms, and 1.31 (0.84, 2.06) for pain symptoms.

Conclusions
While a causal interpretation of our findings may not be warranted, we found evidence for decreased substance use among veterans who quit cigarette smoking but none for the resolution of psychiatric conditions or pain symptoms. Findings suggest the need for additional resources combined with smoking cessation to reduce psychiatric and pain symptoms for high-risk populations.
Intersectional analysis of the experiences of women who fail to conceive in low and middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Adhikary Priyanka , Mburu Gitau , Kabra Rita , Habib Ndema Abu , Kiarie James , Dhabhai Neeta , Chowdhury Ranadip , Mazumder Sarmila 
Published: July 2024

Background
Experiences of delayed conception and infertility have been reported among women. However, the concept of intersectionality is rarely utilised in studies of infertility, and it is particularly uncommon in research from low- and middle- income countries.

Research question
What are the lived experiences of women with delayed conception in low to -middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India?

Methods
This was a qualitative study (n = 35) that recruited women who had failed to conceive after 18 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Data were collected between February and July 2021. Data were collected through focus group discussions in low income to middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India. Analysis identified themes related to intersecting axes of inequality.

Results
The results showed that gender intersected with economics, masculinity, patriarchal norms and class to influence the experiences of women. The intersection of gender, economics and patriarchal norms compromised women’s agency to be active generators of family income, and this dynamic was exacerbated by patrilocal residence. In addition, masculinity contributed to stigmatisation and blaming of women, due to the inaccurate perception that men did not contribute to a couple’s infertility. The intersection of gender and social class in medical settings created barriers to women’s access to medical information.

Conclusion
Findings from this study provide representative examples of the variety of axes of inequality that shape women’s experiences in the study setting. Although these findings may not be generalisable to all women who are experiencing delayed conception, they highlight a need for improved awareness and education on infertility, as well as a need to ensure the availability and accessibility of fertility care for couples in need.
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infection, determinants and antimicrobial resistance patterns among under-five children with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Mesfin , Tessema Belay , Ferede Getachew , Ochieng Linnet , Leliso Shubisa Abera , Mutua Florence , Moodley Arshnee , Grace Delia , Gelaw Baye 
Published: July 2024

Background
Children with under-five year age disproportionally affected with foodborne illness. Campylobacteriosis is the most common foodborne disease next to Norovirus infection. Macrolides are commonly prescribed as the first line of treatment for Campylobacter gastroenteritis, with fluoroquinolone and tetracycline as secondary options. However, resistance to these alternatives has been reported in various regions worldwide.

Objective
To determine the prevalence, associated risk-factors and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli among under-five children with diarrhea.

Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2022 to April 2023. The study sites were selected using a random sampling technique, while the study subjects were included using a convenient sampling technique. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were inoculated onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and incubated for 48 hours. The suspected colonies were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to confirm the species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a disc diffusion technique. All potential covariates (independent variables) were analyzed one by one using bivariate logistic regression model to identify candidate variables with P value < 0.25. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to identify potential associated factors using the candidate variables. A p value ≤ 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was statistically significant.

Result
Among the 428 samples, 7.0% (CI: 4.5–9.3) were confirmed Campylobacter species. The prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli among under-five children was 5.1% (CI: 3.0–7.0) and 1.9% (CI: 0.7–3.3), respectively. C. jejuni (73.3%) was dominant over C. coli (26.7%). The resident, contact with domestic animals, and parents/guardians education level were significantly associated with campylobacteriosis among under-five children. One-third of the Campylobacter isolates (33.3%, 10/30) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline whereas 10.0% (3/30) were resistant to erythromycin. Furthermore, 3.3% (1/30) of the Campylobacter were found to be multidrug-resistant.

Conclusion
The prevalence of Campylobacter species was 7.0%. The resistance rate of Campylobacter species of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline-resistance strains was 33.3%. Peri-urban residence, contact with domestic animals, and low parental educational statuses were significantly associated factors with increased risk of Campylobacter infection. Continuous surveillance on antimicrobial resistance and health education of personal and environmental hygiene should be implemented in the community.
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentrations in three pregnancy cohorts from 7 U.S. study sites
Authors: Masterson Erin E. , Riederer Anne M. , Loftus Christine T. , Wallace Erin R. , Szpiro Adam A. , Simpson Christopher D. , Muralidharan Revathi , Trasande Leonardo , Barrett Emily S. , Nguyen Ruby H. N. , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Robinson Morgan , Swan Shanna , Mason W. Alex , Bush Nicole R. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Karr Catherine J. 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse birth and developmental outcomes in children. We aimed to describe prenatal PAH exposures in a large, multisite U.S. consortium.

Methods
We measured 12 mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) of 7 PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, chrysene, benz(a)anthracene) in mid-pregnancy urine of 1,892 pregnant individuals from the ECHO PATHWAYS consortium cohorts: CANDLE (n = 988; Memphis), TIDES (n = 664; Minneapolis, Rochester, San Francisco, Seattle) and GAPPS (n = 240; Seattle and Yakima, WA). We described concentrations of 8 OH-PAHs of non-smoking participants (n = 1,695) by site, socioeconomic characteristics, and pregnancy stage (we report intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for n = 677 TIDES participants).

Results
Exposure to the selected PAHs was ubiquitous at all sites. 2-hydroxynaphthalene had the highest average concentrations at all sites. CANDLE had the highest average concentrations of most metabolites. Among non-smoking participants, we observed some patterns by income, education, and race but these were not consistent and varied by site and metabolite. ICCs of repeated OH-PAH measures from TIDES participants were ≤ 0.51.

Conclusion
In this geographically-diverse descriptive analysis of U.S. pregnancies, we observed ubiquitous exposure to low molecular weight PAHs, highlighting the importance of better understanding PAH sources and their pediatric health outcomes attributed to early life PAH exposure.
A relação campo-cidade em Primavera do Leste (MT)
Authors: Santos Neto Belarmino Ferreira dos , Clemente Evandro César 
Published: July 2024

A expansão da fronteira agrícola que, a partir da década de 1970 avançou velozmente sobre grandes áreas do Cerrado, como fruto da industrialização da agricultura e de ações engendradas pelo Estado brasileiro a serviço do Capital, produziu um duplo fenômeno de povoamento e urbanização desta região, do qual surgiram várias cidades, bem como de crescimento do setor agropecuário caracterizado pela produção de commodities em larga escala, nos moldes do agronegócio. Neste artigo, buscamos compreender e explicar como esse modelo de produção capitalista do espaço, tanto agrário quanto urbano, torna-se perceptível na paisagem urbana de cidades como Primavera do Leste (MT), na qual pode-se notar a síntese de dois fenômenos característicos do atual momento do modo de produção capitalista representado pelo agronegócio: a) a relação campo-cidade, representada pela unidade dialética formada por meio das estruturas físicas, modo de vida e de produção características do campo que se fazem presentes na cidade, e vice-versa; b) a concentração de riquezas e a desigualdade social que se espacializa na área urbana de Primavera do Leste por meio das diferentes condições de moradias e de vida de sua população. Por meio de pesquisa de campo e da revisão de bibliografias como Lefebrve (1991), Oliveira (2009) e Fioravanti (2018) dentre outras, concluímos que a análise da paisagem urbana de Primavera do Leste possibilita, portanto, compreender os desdobramentos desse processo histórico de apropriação do espaço agrário e urbano pelo Capital, por meio do agronegócio, gerando uma intensa relação campo-cidade e também desigualdades sociais.
Digesting Psychology: Metadiscourse as a Recontextualising Tool in the Digital Communication of Disciplinary Research
Authors: Lorés Rosa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Metadiscourse was initially conceived as a tool to explore mainly academic, monologic, written texts. When applied to the study of digital discourse, metadiscourse may reveal itself as a rather frustrating exploratory framework, firstly because of the problematised interaction between writer and reader in an online context where audiences are not easily identifiable and, secondly, because of the multimodal character of digital texts. In the present study, the role played by interactive metadiscoursal resources in online communication has been explored. For such purposes, the focus has been placed on a corpus of digital research digests published on the website of the British Psychological Society, the most important representative body of the profession in the United Kingdom. The study revolves around the function of interactive metadiscourse as a recontextualising tool to facilitate the understanding of complex disciplinary knowledge for potentially less expert readers. Several interactive resources (code glosses, evidentials, transition markers, and frame markers) are identified, which strategically contribute to the mediation of specialised information and which also take advantage of the affordances offered by digital platforms.
Research Trends and Patterns on Emotional Intelligence in Education: A Bibliometric and Knowledge Mapping During 2012–2021
Authors: Solih Mohamed , Ahmed Nasrulla , Moosa Visal , Shareefa Mariyam , Wider Walton 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The increasing rate of publications on emotional intelligence, especially regarding student learning, underscores the need to study research trends in this domain. This research utilizes bibliometric and science mapping analyses to generate an overview of research on emotional intelligence in education, using data sourced from SCOPUS. The terms “emotional intelligence,” “teaching,” and “education” were used as keywords for data search and retrieval. Data were analysed using various bibliometric indicators such as the number of publications, citations, collaborations, co-citation, and keywords. While descriptive statistics were used to analyse bibliometric indicators, bibliometric network analyses using VOSviewer were carried out for science mapping analyses. The findings indicate that while publication counts surged between 2012 and 2021, average citations remained constant. Despite Western predominance, Asia significantly contributed to research output. Notable collaboration was seen among Asian, Balkan, and European nations, but limited among individual authors. The keyword analysis informed major themes such as leadership skills, training, medical education, entrepreneurship, personality, special needs, and psychosocial aspects. Summarily, emotional intelligence in education has emerged as a globally acknowledged research area, and this work elucidates its thematic knowledge, offering insights for prospective researchers.
ADHD und Fremdsprachenlernen
Authors: Heine Lena 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Viele Schülerinnen und Schüler weisen Symptome einer Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, deutsch: Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung) auf, was es zu einem Thema auch für den Fremdsprachenunterricht macht. Dies ist insbesondere der Fall, weil oft von einem Zusammenhang zwischen ADHD und sprachspezifischen Fertigkeiten ausgegangen wird. Allerdings fehlt es bislang noch weitgehend an einer wissenschaftlichen fremdsprachendidaktischen Auseinandersetzung mit ADHD. Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick zum Erkenntnisstand zu ADHD im Kontext von Schule, Sprachenlernen generell und Fremdsprachenlernen im Besonderen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich aus der Forschung wenig Hinweise auf ein (fremd-)sprachspezifisches Störungsbild durch ADHD ergeben, allerdings die Entwicklung der schulisch besonders bedeutsamen hierarchiehöheren Lese- und Schreibfertigkeiten durch ADHD-Symptome beeinträchtigt werden, aber auch didaktisch beeinflusst werden kann. Die besondere Rolle des Fremdsprachenunterrichts bei der Entwicklung wichtiger Kompetenzdimensionen für Lernende mit ADHD wird angesprochen und Forschungsdesiderata benannt.
Simulating the Adoption of a Retail CBDC
Authors: León Carlos , Moreno Jose F. , Soramäki Kimmo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We use agent-based modelling to build a digital twin of the retail payment system, where heterogeneous consumers and merchants interact, learn, and adapt as they meet and use different monies and payment instruments. As we introduce an rCBDC, the model simulates its adoption. We calibrate this digital twin to Spain’s retail payment ecosystem. We run hypothetical scenarios that correspond to public discussions about the digital euro. Results show that introducing an rCBDC without attractive design options and stimulus results in low and slow adoption. Results suggest that the reverse waterfall functionality, a positive remuneration spread, and the distribution of government subsidies via rCBDC are effective in fostering adoption; yet, the distribution of government subsidies via rCBDC is the only one that creates incentives to reduce the use of cash. Balance limits and top-up limits are effective in restraining adoption. Results also suggest that combining design options and stimulus with limits to holding rCBDCs could aid in achieving a sweet spot of adoption.
The role of nutraceuticals in the management of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Di Giacomo Paola , Forte Giuseppe , Capogna Irene , Casagrande Maria , Di Paolo Carlo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are usually treated with occlusal appliances and supportive treatments such as physical therapy and drugs. Supplements can be included among potential supportive therapies, with the aim of reducing the use of drugs. To evaluate the efficacy of nutraceuticals’ short-term treatment in subjects with temporomandibular disorders.

Methods
The study started in January 2021 and ended in January 2022. Subjects with temporomandibular disorders and a verbal numeric scale >40 were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the following groups. If waiting to start a therapy, to the nutraceutical group or to the no treatment group, while if already undergoing splint therapy, to nutraceautical+splint group or to splint therapy group. Nutraceutical used was composed by Boswellia Serrata Casperome, Magnesium, Tryptophan and vitamins B2 and D with a posology of one tablet/day before sleep for 40 days. Presence of temporomandibular pain, headache, neck pain and sleep/emotional disorders were assessed at T0 and at T1, after 40 days. ANOVA was performed to compare treatments with nutraceuticals and their respective controls, as for the variables related to painful symptomatology. Chi-squared was conducted to assess differences in sleep/emotional disorders between groups. The statistical significance was p<0.05.

Results
The groups using nutraceuticals showed statistically significant improvements over controls for most of the variables analyzed.

Conclusions
The use of nutraceutical seems to be a valuable support for TMD therapy in the short term either alone or combined with occlusal splint therapy.
Tracking phonological regularities: exploring the influence of learning mode and regularity locus in adult phonological learning
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Van Hoey Thomas , Tan Frank Lihui , Du Baichen , Do Youngah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Research on phonological learning has shown that adult learners are capable of effectively tracking regularities in phonological patterns. In our study, we investigated the dynamics of the learning process for regularity tracking. Adult learners participated in a phonological learning experiment where they acquired vowel harmony rules for forming plurals. The experiment had four conditions, varying in learning mode (goal-oriented vs. exploratory) and the locus of phonological regularity (phonotactics vs. alternation). When learners had no explicit learning goal and when the language involved random alternation patterns, their learning process showed a strong preference for regularity. This suggests that the application of statistical learning metrics is influenced by two factors: greater uncertainty in the exploratory conditions compared to the goal-oriented conditions, and a stronger inclination to avoid irregularities in alternation compared to phonotactics.
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Impurities in Esomeprazole Gastro-Resistant Tablets by AQbD Approach
Authors: Gharge Vikram , Gadhe Anil , Mohite Vikas , Jadhav Balasaheb , Dighe Vitthal , Bhange Shubham , Kakade Sushma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Esomeprazole (ESO) gastro-resistant tablets (40 mg) are sold under the brand name, Zosa, which effectively manages conditions associated with the overproduction of gastric acid, including peptic ulcer disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The present study quantifies impurities in esomeprazole using advanced analytical techniques known as analytical quality by design with high-performance liquid chromatography.

Methods: Buffer selection (pH 7.6) and mobile phase composition (75:25 v/v) were optimized utilizing a YMC C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; particle size, 3 μm) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analyte was monitored with a UV/PDA detector at a wavelength of 280 nm. The stability-indicating nature of the method was confirmed based on forced degradation studies. The method validation was performed per ICH guidelines. Linearity, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, solution stability, and robustness parameters were validated.

Results: All validation parameters were within an acceptable range. Excellent linearity with correlation coefficient values > 0.99 was achieved across the quantification limit. The solution stability study demonstrated no significant increase in percent impurity over a 24-h period. Analytical quality by design was instrumental in defining the design range for buffer pH and mobile phase composition, ensuring robust method performance. It was confirmed that 75% buffer solution, 25% acetonitrile, and pH 7.6 were the ideal conditions for determination of ESO impurities.

Conclusion: The validated method provides a reliable tool for accurately quantifying impurities in ESO tablet formulations.
Особливості фізичних процесів формування кремнієвих поверхнево-бар’єрних структур
Authors: Гайдар Г.П. , Бердниченко С.В. , Воробйов В.Г. , Кочкін В.І. , Ластовецький В.Ф. , Литовченко П.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Напівпровідникові детектори займають чільне місце серед приладів ядерної спектрометрії і використовуються для дослідження спектрального складу, інтенсивності, просторового й кутового розподілів іонізуючих частинок. Найбільш привабливим матеріалом для виготовлення детекторів є кремній завдяки розвиненій кремнієвій технології і можливості створювати не тільки дозиметричні й радіометричні, але й спектрометричні детектори. Напівпровідникові детектори на основі Si застосовуються для реєстрації заряджених частинок, а також γ-квантів, у тому числі з енергією менше 100 кеВ, та рентгенівського випромінювання.Узагальнено результати комплексного дослідження властивостей вихідного високоомного n-Si з метою вдосконалення технології виготовлення кремнієвих спектрометричних напівпровідникових детекторів із наперед заданими параметрами. Для плоско-паралельного травлення кристалів кремнію розроблено методи хімічної обробки поверхні Si шляхом підбору складу травників на основі високочистих кислот. Запропоновано метод прискореного формування поверхнево-бар’єрних структур унаслідок прикладання зовнішнього електричного поля на етапі їх формування. Визначено умови витримки структур для оптимального формування якісних і стабільних поверхнево-бар’єрних p—n-переходів. На основі оптимізованої поверхнево-бар’єрної технології з використанням високоомного n-Si великого діаметра розроблено dE/dx-детектори з робочою площею 8 см2 і діапазоном товщин чутливої області від десятків мікрон до міліметра, з тонкими вхідними і вихідними «вікнами» й роздільною здатністю за енергіями не гірше 100 кеВ. Одержані детектори можуть бути використані в складі телескопів в ядерних експериментах за участю важких іонів при низьких виходах продуктів реакцій.