bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark Warming
Authors: Burt Melissa A. , Randall David A. , Branson Mark D. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
As the Arctic sea ice thins and ultimately disappears in a warming climate, its insulating power decreases. This causes the surface air temperature to approach the temperature of the relatively warm ocean water below the ice. The resulting increases in air temperature, water vapor, and cloudiness lead to an increase in the surface downwelling longwave radiation (DLR), which enables a further thinning of the ice. This positive ice–insulation feedback operates mainly in the autumn and winter. A climate change simulation with the Community Earth System Model shows that, averaged over the year, the increase in Arctic DLR is 3 times stronger than the increase in Arctic absorbed solar radiation at the surface. The warming of the surface air over the Arctic Ocean during fall and winter creates a strong thermal contrast with the colder surrounding continents. Sea level pressure falls over the Arctic Ocean, and the high-latitude circulation reorganizes into a shallow “winter monsoon.” The resulting increase in surface wind speed promotes stronger surface evaporation and higher humidity over portions of the Arctic Ocean, thus reinforcing the ice–insulation feedback.
Efficient Kernel-Based Ensemble Gaussian Mixture Filtering
Authors: Liu Bo , Ait-El-Fquih Boujemaa , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Bayesian filtering problem for data assimilation is considered following the kernel-based ensemble Gaussian mixture filtering (EnGMF) approach introduced by Anderson and Anderson. In this approach, the posterior distribution of the system state is propagated with the model using the ensemble Monte Carlo method, providing a forecast ensemble that is then used to construct a prior Gaussian mixture (GM) based on the kernel density estimator. This results in two update steps: a Kalman filter (KF)-like update of the ensemble members and a particle filter (PF)-like update of the weights, followed by a resampling step to start a new forecast cycle. After formulating EnGMF for any observational operator, the influence of the bandwidth parameter of the kernel function on the covariance of the posterior distribution is analyzed. Then the focus is on two aspects: (i) the efficient implementation of EnGMF with (relatively) small ensembles, where a new deterministic resampling strategy is proposed preserving the first two moments of the posterior GM to limit the sampling error; and (ii) the analysis of the effect of the bandwidth parameter on contributions of KF and PF updates and on the weights variance. Numerical results using the Lorenz-96 model are presented to assess the behavior of EnGMF with deterministic resampling, study its sensitivity to different parameters and settings, and evaluate its performance against ensemble KFs. The proposed EnGMF approach with deterministic resampling suggests improved estimates in all tested scenarios, and is shown to require less localization and to be less sensitive to the choice of filtering parameters.
High-quality draft genome sequence of a new phytase-producing microorganism Pantoea sp. 3.5.1
Authors: Suleimanova Aliya D. , Toymentseva Anna A. , Boulygina Eugenia A. , Kazakov Sergey V. , Mardanova Ayslu M. , Balaban Nelly P. , Sharipova Margarita R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStrain 3.5.1 was isolated from soils of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, on the basis of presence of a high phytate-degrading activity. Strains with such activities attract special interest because of its potential use as feed additives and natural manures. Strain 3.5.1 harbors a 99 % 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence similarity to different Pantoea species (P. vagans, P. ananatis, P. agglomerans, P. anthophila and Pantoea sp.) and exhibits unique biochemical properties that do not allow strain identification up to species. Moreover, the strain 3.5.1 shows a low ANI and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry scores. Thus, it is likely that the strain 3.5.1 represents a new Pantoea species. Here, we present the genome sequence of Pantoea sp. strain 3.5.1. The 4,964,649 bp draft genome consists of 23 contigs with 4,556 protein-coding and 143 RNA genes. Genome sequencing and annotation revealed two phytase genes and putative regulatory genes controlling its activity.
Nursing care of the patients with tracheostomy<p>Trakeostomili hastalarda hemşirelik bakımı
Authors: Karaca Turkan 
Published: November 2015

<p>One of the primary responsibility of nursing care is maintaining and evaluating airway patency in patients. Nurses’ knowledge is have vital importance about the complications and care, when providing airway patency with an artificial way (via endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula). As the origin of the word ‘tracheotomy’ comes from the Greek and refers to the cut-off trachea. Tracheotomy is making an opening between 3. and 4. cartilage rings on the front wall of trakea to maintain airway and it is one of the oldest life- saving surgical procedures. İndications for tracheotomy operation, prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation can be listed firstly. Tracheostomy complications may occur in the weeks or months/years later following the opening of the tracheostomy. Nurses have responsibilities follow-up of prevention complications after the tracheostomy procedure. Tracheostomy nursing care of consist of; adequate and balanced nutrition, aspiration, cleaning of inner cannula, adjustment of cuff pressure (if the cannula has cuff system), prevention of peristomal skin problems and communication process.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Hastalarda hava yolu açıklığını sürdürmek ve değerlendirmek hemşirelik bakımında öncelikli sorumluluklardan biridir. Hava yolu açıklığı yapay bir yol oluşturularak sağlandığında (endotrakeal tüp veya trakeostomü kanülü ile) hemşirelerin bu işlemlerin indikasyonlarına, komplikasyonlarına ve bakımına dair tüm bilgilere sahip olması yaşamsal öneme sahiptir. Trakeotomi kavramı, köken olarak Yunanca'dan gelmektedir ve kelime olarak 'trakeanın kesilmesi'ni ifade eder. Trakeotomi, hava yolu açıklığını sağlamak amacıyla trakeanın ön duvarında 3. ve 4. kıkırdak halka hizasında açıklık oluşması için yapılan işlem olarak tanımlanır ve hayat kurtarıcı olarak bilinen yöntemlerden en eskisi olarak kabul edilir. Trakeotomi işleminin endikasyonları arasında uzamış entübasyon ve mekanik ventilasyon ilk sıralarda yer alır. Trakeostomi komplikasyonları, trakeostominin açılmasını takip eden haftalar içinde ya da aylar/yıllar sonra ortaya çıkabilir. Trakeostomi işleminden sonra hastaların takibinde ve özellikle komplikasyonların önlenmesinde hemşirelerin sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Trakesotomili hastada hemşirelik bakımı; hastaların yeterli ve dengeli beslenmesini, trakeostomi aspirasyonunu, iç kanül temizliğini, eğer kanül kaf sistemine sahipse kaf basıncının ayarlanmasını, peristomal cilt problemlerinin önlenmesini ve iletişim sürecini kapsar.</p>
A novel process of dye wastewater treatment by linking advanced chemical oxidation with biological oxidation
Authors: Zou Haiming , Ma Wanzheng , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Dye wastewater is one of typically non-biodegradable industrial effluents. A new process linking Fenton’s oxidation with biological oxidation proposed in this study was investigated to degrade the organic substances from real dye wastewater. During the combination process, the Fenton’s oxidation process can reduce the organic load and enhance biodegradability of dye wastewater, which is followed by biological aerated filter (BAF) system to further remove organic substances in terms of discharge requirement. The results showed that 97.6% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by the combination process was achieved at the optimum process parameters: pH of 3.5, H2O2 of 2.0 mL/L, Fe(II) of 500 mg/L, 2.0 h treatment time in the Fenton’s oxidation process and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 h in the BAF system. Under these conditions, COD concentration of effluent was 72.6 mg/L whereas 3020 mg/L in the influent, thus meeting the requirement of treated dye wastewater discharge performed by Chinese government (less than 100 mg/L). These results obtained here suggest that the new process combining Fenton’s oxidation with biological oxidation may provide an economical and effective alternative for treatment of non-biodegradable industrial wastewater.
Dezentrale Verteilnetzautomatisierung im Praxiseinsatz – Konzept, Erfahrungen und aktuelle Weiterentwicklungen
Authors: Dorsemagen Felix , Oerter Christian , Zdrallek Markus 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die aktuellen Herausforderungen für die Verteilnetze erfordern neben unvermeidbarem Netzausbau auch den umfangreichen Einsatz von
speziell für Verteilnetze entwickelter Automatisierungstechnik, um kritische Netzsituationen erkennen und beheben zu können. Der
vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt das Konzept eines dezentralen, integrierten Automatisierungssystems für Mittel- und
Niederspannungsnetze, das diese Anforderungen erfüllt. Zudem werden Praxiserfahrungen mit diesem System im Niederspannungsnetz und
mögliche Weiterentwicklungen des Systems dargestellt.
Implications of Evolving Medical Science for Proof of Lung Cancer Causation
Authors: Frarey Larry C. , Martinez Javier 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Causal determination in cases of diseases involving multiple risk factors and long development time poses formidable challenges to judges and juries. Numerous scientific, medical and legal questions are involved. For example, is the mere presence of a factor known to be associated with elevated disease risk sufficient for a causal determination? If not, what level of exposure should be deemed sufficient, and how can that exposure be measured with adequate confidence over an extended period? In the presence of two or more factors associated with elevated disease risk, how can causation be demonstrated and apportioned among these factors, particularly when the potential effects of their interaction are unknown? With increasing knowledge of the molecular and genetic changes involved in disease development, what level of comprehension and proof is sufficient to implicate a specific risk factor in the complex causal mechanism of an individual’s disease? Lung cancer, notwithstanding its strong association with cigarette smoking, represents a group of diseases associated with both a variety of risk factors and relatively long development time. Both the published scientific literature and current clinical practice for the treatment of lung cancer, particularly lung adenocarcinoma, reflect the rapid changes that have occurred in this field over the past decade. These medical advances, in addition to promising better prognosis for some lung cancer patients, have implications for the proof of lung cancer causation in litigation in which plaintiffs contend that tobacco smoke exposure caused their disease. This is particularly true in cases arising in many European countries and other jurisdictions in which little or no histological or cytological information has been produced by plaintiffs. This paper examines the rapidly evolving science underpinning lung cancer diagnosis and treatment and its forensic implications. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015) 298-311]
Clinical applicability of methylome sequencing in a pilot study of ischemic stroke individuals
Authors: Ziemann Mark , Harikrishnan KN , Khurana Ishant , Kaspi Antony , Keating Samuel T , De Silva Deidre Anne , Moe Kyaw Thu , El-Osta Assam 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Despite recent progress in screening for genetic
causes of cardiovascular disease using genome-wide
association studies, identifying causative polymorphisms
has not met initial expectations. This has led to interest
in exploring the contribution of non-genetic factors in
disease etiology. Elevated plasma homocysteine is an
independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease but the
mechanism for increased risk remains poorly understood.
This study evaluates the clinical applicability of screening
for genome-wide CpG methylation differences using
methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) protein-enriched
genome sequencing (MBD-seq). Peripheral blood
genomic DNA methylation in 8 Singaporean-Chinese
ischemic stroke patients (4 male, 4 female) was profiled.
Differential methylation of genes implicated in hyperhomocysteinemia
was observed in males correlating with
homocysteine; namely CBS (cystathionine-beta-synthase)
and MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase).
In females, hypomethylation of the LDLR (low density
lipoprotein receptor) and CELSR1 (cadherin, EGF LAG
seven-pass G-type receptor 1) genes were observed in
the hypertensive group (2 normal and 2 hypertensive
individuals). While the number of clinical samples
analysed is small, the findings of this evaluation suggest
that MBD-seq is a suitable and sufficiently sensitive
technology to determine methylation variability. The results presented warrant an expanded case-control study
to determine the pathophysiological implications of DNA
methylation for hyper-homocysteinemia.
Semiosis du corps dans la littérature sexologique arabe
Authors: Bernoussi Mohamed 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAfter giving a synthesis about a possible semiotics of the body and its conditions, we will deal with the question of the semiosis of the body in sexual literature in two periods of the arabo-muslim culture. The first period concerns the second century of hegira (the eightieth century), a decisive period of young and already powerful arabo-muslim society. Through Al Jahiz’s works, a very busy and prolific writer, we will study different discourses on the body, notably on homosexuality, heterosexuality and the opposition between black and white bodies. The second example constitutes an occasion for us to grasp the evolution of the semiosis of the body in a new period and with a specific writer who is Al Soyouté, a scholar of the sixteenth century. We will focus particularly on Al Soyouté’s new ideas on the body and his original references to the Greek corpus, but also to the traditions of Coran and Hadith.
A Life Course Approach to Inequality: Examining Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship between Early Life Socioeconomic Conditions and Health in Later Life Among Men
Authors: Hargrove, MA Taylor W. , Brown, PhD Tyson H. 
Published: November 2015

<br clear="all" /><p> </p><p> <strong>Objective: </strong>Previous research has docu­mented a relationship between childhood socioeconomic conditions and adult health, but less is known about racial/ethnic dif­ferences in this relationship, particularly among men. This study utilizes a life course approach to investigate racial/ethnic differ­ences in the relationships among early and later life socioeconomic circumstances and health in adulthood among men.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Panel data from the Health and Retirement Study and growth curve models are used to examine group differences in the relationships among childhood and adult socioeconomic factors and age-tra­jectories of self-rated health among White, Black and Mexican American men aged 51-77 years (<em>N</em>=4147).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple measures of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) predict health in adulthood for White men, while significant­ly fewer measures of childhood SES predict health for Black and Mexican American men. Moreover, the health consequences of childhood SES diminish with age for Black and Mexican American men. The child­hood SES-adult health relationship is largely explained by measures of adult SES for White men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The life course pathways link­ing childhood SES and adult health differ by race/ethnicity among men. Similar to argu­ments that the universality of the adult SES-health relationship should not be assumed, results from our study suggest that scholars should not assume that the significance and nature of the association between child­hood SES and health in adulthood is similar across race/ethnicity among men.<em> Ethn Dis.</em>2015;25(3):313-320.</p>
Editorial - Advancing Health Equity: Honoring the Legacy of Dr. Elijah B. Saunders
Authors: Mensah George A. , Norris Keith C. 
Published: November 2015

<p>It is a time-honored tradition in medicine and public health to recognize and honor individuals and teams for their original discoveries in basic, clinical, and population science research or for a sustained commitment to patient care and teaching. In following that tradition, <em>Ethnicity &amp; Disease</em> pays special tribute to Elijah B. Saunders, MD, FACC, FACP, FAHA, FASH for his life-long commitment to patient care, teaching, community service, and most importantly, for his tireless efforts in taking many first steps to advance health equity for medically underserved communities in the United States and worldwide.<sup>1</sup><sup>, </sup><sup>2</sup> </p>
In-Situ SAGD Thermal-Chemical Effects and Metal-Bond Coated Slotted Liner Design for Enhanced Sand Control, Flow and Long Term Performance
Authors: Fermaniuk B. , Claerhout M. , Zhu D. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Slotted liners are the most common sand control completion used for SAGD exploitation. With the trend to exploit high heterogeneity reservoirs using SAGD technology further pushes the bounds of the long term performance of slotted liners. Both downhole sand, clays and fines and in-situ thermal-chemical effects can have detrimental effects on the long term performance of sand control products. Mechanical sand control design of slotted liners are robust and are well quantified with lab testing such that slotted liners are typically designed with open areas far in excess of the fluid in-flow requirements of the well, with design safety factors allowing for long term performance even if a portion of the liner open area is reduced over time. In-situ thermal-chemical effects such as corrosion and scales, nevertheless, are less known and may predominantly govern the performance impairment issues of slotted liners over time. It is suggested that the potential solutions to the thermal-chemical effects to the slotted liners need to involve minimizing corrosion effects, as well as minimizing scaling using substrate metal bonded coatings combined with properly designed slot width geometries. In this paper, the known causes of inflow failures and the new technological advancements to slotted liners will be reviewed. The theories, history and background to substrate metal bounded coating for SAGD slotted liners will be introduced. In addition to the lab testing results, field verification tests using substrate coating of production tubing in a SAGD producer well will be illustrated in detail.
Optimizing Flow Control Devices in SAGD Operations: How Different Methodologies are Functional
Authors: Noroozi Mehdi , Melo Marco , Montoya Jose , Neil Blair 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Maximizing production and profitability is imperative in heavy oil operations using steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD), as well as in other thermal operations. Effective downhole flow technology plays an important role in increasing the net present value of a SAGD operation. Conformance improvement for the injection well, utilizing outflow control devices (OCDs), can potentially increase production, and as a result, profitability of the SAGD process. On the producer well, operators prefer to have a uniform inflow production profile to recover more in-situ oil. This can be achieved through installing inflow control devices (ICDs) in the producer well. ICDs also help to mitigate the negative effect of baffles and barriers on the production well. To properly model both ICDs and OCDs, there are several methodologies and approaches available in the oil and gas industry. Each approach can be helpful to address specific questions and examine certain attributes of downhole flow technology. Depending on the objectives of the analysis, a specific software program or workflow can be used. The tool itself has a particular importance for the analysis and we would like to understand the physics behind the tool. The performance attributes of each downhole flow control device (FCD) will vary based on dimensions and design factors. Other analyses focus on design and optimization of the completion tool. Some studies use software programs to only focus on wellbore hydraulics and follow a simple and quick analysis for modeling, while other studies involve multiple software programs and complicated methodology to model and optimize the entire process. This paper shows some of the different options that are available to analyze and model both ICDs and OCDs. It will examine the pros and cons of each method, as well as the limitations of each software/methodology. Some examples will be shown to investigate the details of outputs and objectives of each approach. At the end, a guideline will be introduced for completion, reservoir, and production engineers to understand how these models can help them to evaluate flow control devices and their applications.
Unipolar Versus Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Zhou Zhiping , Yan Fei , Sha Weiping , Wang Liming , Zhang Xingxiang 
Published: November 2015

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Discuss the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.

2.
State the indications for hemiarthroplasty.

3.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of unipolar and bipolar femoral head replacement.

4.
Discuss progress regarding clinical comparative studies of femoral head replacement.

Hip replacement using hemiarthroplasty (HA) is a common surgical procedure in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures. However, questions remain regarding the choice of unipolar or bipolar HA. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to determine whether bipolar HA was associated with lower rates of dislocation, reoperation, acetabular erosion, mortality, and general complications, as well as lower Harris Hip Scores, compared with unipolar HA. The authors searched PubMed and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials database, and 8 RCTs (including a total of 1100 patients) were selected for meta-analysis. Risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) from each trial were pooled using random-effects or fixed-effects models depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. There were no differences in dislocation (RR=1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 3.07), reoperation (RR=0.64; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.26), acetabular erosion (RR=2.29; 95% CI, 0.85 to 6.12), mortality (RR=0.85; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.13), and general complications (RR=1.05; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.56). The authors found no difference in postoperative Harris Hip Scores between patients undergoing unipolar vs bipolar HA (WMD=−1.32; 95% CI, −3.29 to 0.65;
P
=.19). Unipolar and bipolar HA achieved similar clinical outcomes in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(11):697–702.]
A Lions Domain Decomposition Algorithm for Radiation Diffusion
Equations on Non-matching Grids
Authors: Yin Li , Wu Jiming , Dai Zihuan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe develop a Lions domain decomposition algorithm based on a cell functional
minimization scheme on non-matching multi-block grids for nonlinear radiation
diffusion equations, which are described by the coupled radiation diffusion
equations of electron, ion and photon temperatures. The
L2 orthogonal projection is applied in the Robin
transmission condition of non-matching surfaces. Numerical results show that the
algorithm keeps the optimal accuracy on the whole computational domain, is
robust enough on distorted meshes and curved surfaces, and the convergence rate
does not depend on Robin coefficients. It is a practical and attractive
algorithm in applying to the two-dimensional three-temperature energy equations
of Z-pinch implosion simulation.