bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health professionals' views of the effectiveness of nutrition care in general practice setting
Authors: BALL Lauren , HUGHES Roger , LEVERITT Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  The current qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of key health professionals relating to the effectiveness of nutrition care provided in the general practice setting.Methods:  Twenty‐eight health professionals across a range of disciplines (general practitioners (n = 11), practice nurses (n = 3), dieticians (n = 5), naturopaths (n = 5) and exercise physiologists (n = 4)) individually participated in a semistructured telephone interview, guided by an inquiry logic informed by the literature. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using a constant comparison approach.Results:  Health professionals, including general practitioners, perceived that nutrition care provided in the general practice setting was mostly ineffective at improving patient nutrition behaviour. This was reported to be due to nutrition care competency deficits among general practitioners, a general practice reimbursement system that encourages practices inconsistent with quality nutrition care, and a low prioritisation of nutrition care in general practice. Tensions were apparent between health professional groups, which may be hindering the successful implementation of interdisciplinary nutrition care for patients with chronic disease in this setting.Conclusion:  Without systematic changes to Australian primary health care model, the demand on general practitioners as primary providers of nutrition care will continue, therefore mandating support for general practitioners providing care in this context. Further research is required to identify strategies to improve nutrition care and opportunities to facilitate integrated health care provided to the general public within the general practice setting.
Intravenous Alteplase versus Rescue Endovascular Procedure in Patients with Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Strbian Daniel , Mustanoja Satu , Pekkola Johanna , Putaala Jukka , Haapaniemi Elena , Paananen Tapio , Kaste Markku , Lappalainen Kimmo , Tatlisumak Turgut 
Published: September 2012

Objectives To compare outcome of ischaemic stroke patients undergoing rescue endovascular procedure for proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion with matched patients without endovascular procedure after unsuccessful intravenous thrombolysis. Methods Endovascularly treated patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion ( n = 41) were matched by propensity score with similar patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis and having a considerable post-thrombolysis neurological deficit ( n = 82). We compared their three-month outcome (modified Rankin Scale) and frequency of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage. For the endovascular group, we report onset-to-puncture time, onset-to-recanalization time, and recanalization rates. Results In age, gender, time from onset, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure, and in aetiology, the groups were similar. Endovascular group patients had a recanalization rate of 90%, and more often reached three-month modified Rankin Scale 0–2 (36·6% vs. 18·3%, P = 0·03). Mortality was equally common (19·5%) in both groups, and frequency of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage was 9·8% vs. 14·6% ( P = 0·45). The endovascular group's median onset-to-puncture time was four-hours and six-minutes and onset-to-recanalization time was five-hours and 12 min. The latter time was more than one-hour longer in patients treated under general anaesthesia compared with patients treated under conscious sedation (median four-hours 50 min vs. five-hours 58 min; P < 0·01). Conclusions Rescue endovascular approach increases likelihood of recanalization and may improve functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion who did not respond to intravenous thrombolysis.
Studying small purse‐seine vessel fishing behavior with tuna catch data: Implications for eastern Pacific Ocean dolphin conservation
Authors: Lennert‐Cody Cleridy E. , Rusin Jeremy D. , Maunder Mark N. , Everett Edward H. , Largacha Delgado Erick D. , Tomlinson Patrick K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDespite achievements in dolphin conservation for the tuna purse‐seine fishery of the eastern Pacific Ocean, debate continues about the magnitude and importance of dolphin mortality caused by small (unobserved) vessels. In‐port sampling of tuna catch size composition is a potentially cost‐effective means of identifying unobserved vessels that may be catching tunas associated with dolphins because yellowfin tuna caught in association with dolphins are larger, on average, than those caught in other types of purse‐seine sets. A classification algorithm to predict purse‐seine set type (“dolphin” vs. “nondolphin”) was built from port‐sampling data on yellowfin tuna length‐frequencies and the date and location of fishing of large (observed) vessels. This classification algorithm was used to screen the port‐sampling data of small vessels collected during 2006‐2009, assuming the fishing practices of the two groups resulted in similar catch characteristics. From these results, hypothetical time series of dolphin mortality for small vessels were constructed and incorporated into a population dynamics model, along with mortalities of large vessels. Results suggest that any dolphin mortality of small vessels is unlikely to be substantially affecting trends in dolphin abundance. These results underscore the importance of in‐port sampling, in combination with at‐sea observation and fishery‐independent surveys, to effective management.
Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Kuroko‐Forming Volcanism
Authors: Yamada Ryoichi , Yoshida Takeyoshi , Kimura Jun‐Ichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Miocene northeast Honshu magmatic arc, Japan, formed at a terrestrial continental margin via a stage of spreading in a back‐arc basin (23–17 Ma) followed by multiple stages of submarine rifting (19–13 Ma). The Kuroko deposits formed during this period, with most forming during the youngest rifting stage. The mode of magma eruption changed from submarine basalt lava flows during back‐arc basin spreading to submarine bimodal basalt lava flows and abundant rhyolitic effusive rocks during the rifting stage. The basalts produced during the stage of back‐arc basin spreading are geochemically similar to mid‐ocean ridge basalt, with a depleted Sr–Nd mantle source, whereas those produced during the rifting stage possess arc signatures with an enriched mantle source. The Nb/Zr ratios of the volcanic rocks show an increase over time, indicating a temporal increase in the fertility of the source. The Nb/Zr ratios are similar in basalts and rhyolites from a given rift zone, whereas the Nd isotopic compositions of the rhyolites are less radiogenic than those of the basalts. These data suggest that the rhyolites were derived from a basaltic magma via crystal fractionation and crustal assimilation. The rhyolites associated with the Kuroko deposits are aphyric and have higher concentrations of incompatible elements than do post‐Kuroko quartz‐phyric rhyolites. These observations suggest that the aphyric rhyolite magma was derived from a relatively deep magma chamber with strong fractional crystallization. Almost all of the Kuroko deposits formed in close temporal relation to the aphyric rhyolite indicating a genetic link between the Kuroko deposits and highly differentiated rhyolitic magma.
Hot tips on hot tips: Technical problems with percutaneous insertion of a microwave antenna through rigid tissue
Authors: Danaher Luke A , Steinke Karin 
Published: September 2012

SummaryWe report an instance of microwave antenna breakage upon insertion through rigid costal cartilage and tip dislodgement during withdrawal of the antenna. Furthermore, we highlight antenna incompatibility with certain coaxial needles. Given the complexity and fragility of microwave antennas, it is not recommended to insert them through rigid tissue such as cartilage or calcified pleural plaques.
Salvage of a Totally Occluded Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter by Laparoscopic Milking
Authors: Fourtounas Costas , Maroulis Ioannis , Karnabatidis Dimitrios , Hardalias Andreas , Vlachojannis Jannis G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMechanical problems of the Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) catheter remain a significant cause of temporary or even permanent transfer to hemodialysis. Until recently, the most popular approach was to remove the problematic PD catheter than to try to salvage it. We report a case of severe (two‐way) PD catheter obstruction that appeared after spontaneous hemoperitoneum and did not resolve with multiple conservative measures. However, it was successfully salvaged by laparoscopic surgery and milking of a big intraluminal clot.
Efficient control of pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus infection with intravenous zanamivir despite the lack of immune function
Authors: Ghosh S. , Adams O. , Schuster F.R. , Borkhardt A. , Meisel R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA teenager who acquired 2009 H1N1 influenza A lower respiratory tract infection during total bone marrow and lymphoid aplasia, in the setting of human leukocyte antigen‐haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, was successfully treated with intravenous zanamivir. This case demonstrates efficient control of pandemic influenza infection by intravenous zanamivir in the absence of any functional immune system, thus suggesting profound antiviral activity.
Culture-Dependent and -Independent Investigations of Microbial Diversity on Urinary Catheters
Authors: Xu Yijuan , Moser Claus , Al-Soud Waleed Abu , Sørensen Søren , Høiby Niels , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Thomsen Trine Rolighed 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTCatheter-associated urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria, which ascend the catheter along its external or internal surface to the bladder and subsequently develop into biofilms on the catheter and uroepithelium. Antibiotic-treated bacteria and bacteria residing in biofilm can be difficult to culture. In this study we used culture-based and 16S rRNA gene-based culture-independent methods (fingerprinting, cloning, and pyrosequencing) to determine the microbial diversity of biofilms on 24 urinary catheters. Most of the patients were catheterized for <30 days and had undergone recent antibiotic treatment. In addition, the corresponding urine samples for 16 patients were cultured. We found that gene analyses of the catheters were consistent with cultures of the corresponding urine samples for the presence of bacteria but sometimes discordant for the identity of the species. Cultures of catheter tips detected bacteria more frequently than urine cultures and gene analyses; coagulase-negative staphylococci were, in particular, cultured much more often from catheter tips, indicating potential contamination of the catheter tips during sampling. The external and internal surfaces of 19 catheters were separately analyzed by molecular methods, and discordant results were found in six catheters, suggesting that bacterial colonization intra- and extraluminally may be different. Molecular analyses showed that most of the species identified in this study were known uropathogens, and infected catheters were generally colonized by one to two species, probably due to antibiotic usage and short-term catheterization. In conclusion, our data showed that culture-independent molecular methods did not detect bacteria from urinary catheters more frequently than culture-based methods.
Dry Storage and Transport of a Cervicovaginal Self-Sample by Use of the Evalyn Brush, Providing Reliable Human Papillomavirus Detection Combined with Comfort for Women
Authors: van Baars Romy , Bosgraaf Remko P. , ter Harmsel Bram W. A. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Quint Wim G. V. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Primary screening using high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) detection has been suggested as a way of improving cervical cancer prevention. Women currently not attending screening (nonresponders) are more likely to participate when given the opportunity of self-sampling for hrHPV testing. The Evalyn Brush is a new cervicovaginal self-sampling device, developed specifically to meet women's demands, which is user-friendly and easy to use. The aims of this study were to investigate agreement of hrHPV detection by two PCR methods between the Evalyn Brush and physician-obtained samples and to study women's acceptance of this self-sampling device. Each of 134 women visiting the gynecology outpatient clinic collected a self-obtained sample (self-sample) and completed a questionnaire. The brush was stored dry. After self-sampling, a trained physician obtained a conventional cervical cytology specimen in ThinPrep medium. HrHPV detection was performed using the SPF
10
-DEIA-LiPA
25
and GP5+/6+-LQ-test. The overall agreement for hrHPV detection using SPF
10
-DEIA-LiPA
25
between the self-sample and the physician-taken sample was 85.8% (kappa value, 0.715; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.597 to 0.843;
P
= 1.000). The overall agreement for hrHPV detection using GP5+/6+-LQ between the self-sample and the physician-taken sample was 86.6% (kappa value, 0.725; 95% CI, 0.607 to 0.843;
P
= 0.815). Ninety-eight percent of the women rated their experience as good to excellent. Moreover, 95% of women preferred self-sampling to physician sampling. Self-sampling using the dry Evalyn Brush system is as good as a physician-taken sample for hrHPV detection and is highly acceptable to women. To validate this self-sampling device for clinical use, a large screening cohort should be studied.
The Rise of Tropheryma whipplei: a 12-Year Retrospective Study of PCR Diagnoses in Our Reference Center
Authors: Edouard Sophie , Fenollar Florence , Raoult Didier 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Tropheryma whipplei
is the causative agent of classic Whipple's disease (WD) and other clinical entities, such as localized infection. Asymptomatic carriers have also been reported, mainly based on the testing of fecal samples. Our objective was to undertake a retrospective analysis of molecular biology usage for the diagnosis of WD over a 12-year period in our reference center. We tested 27,923 samples from 15,473 patients. The number of patients tested and the number of patients with a positive PCR result for
T. whipplei
have increased significantly over the last 12 years (
P
< 0.0001). Overall,
T. whipplei
was more frequently recovered from stools (43%), saliva (15%), duodenal biopsy samples (12.5%), blood (5%), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (6%) and less commonly from cardiac valves (3%), urine (0.5%), skin biopsy samples (1%), lymph nodes (2.5%), aqueous humor (0.5%), and intra-articular fluid (1%). Among all the positive samples, we observed that stool samples and skin biopsy samples exhibited a higher prevalence of positivity by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) at 10.07% and 15.4%, respectively. The number of patients with a positive PCR result for
T. whipplei
has increased significantly over the last 12 years, although the positive ratio has not changed. Improvements in diagnostic tools have contributed greatly toward greater knowledge of WD and, consequently, the interest of physicians in this condition. In addition, we propose here an update of the diagnostic strategy for WD when qPCR is being used.
Human Parechovirus in Respiratory Specimens from Children in Kansas City, Missouri
Authors: Sharp Justin , Bell Jeremiah , Harrison Christopher J. , Nix W. Allan , Oberste M. Steven , Selvarangan Rangaraj 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWe detected a 3% prevalence rate for human parechovirus (HPeV) in 720 respiratory specimens collected from 637 children seen in our hospital in 2009. Fifteen of 20 were HPeV-3 and two were HPeV-1. Only nonspecific, modest respiratory symptoms were evident in patients with detectable HPeV in respiratory specimens. Seven patients had concurrent respiratory and central nervous system (CNS) HPeV-3 infection, suggesting a possible respiratory route of acquisition.
Post-Prostate Biopsy Infection with Escherichia coli ST131 Leading to Epididymo-Orchitis and Meningitis Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: Assimacopoulos Aris , Johnston Brian , Clabots Connie , Johnson James R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA 57-year-old man who had recently undergone a transrectal prostate biopsy for a rising prostate-specific antigen level developed postbiopsy necrotizing epididymo-orchitis (requiring orchiectomy) and then Gram-negative meningitis, despite fluoroquinolone administration for periprocedural prophylaxis and subsequent therapy. The causative organism proved to be a fluoroquinolone-resistantEscherichia colistrain from sequence type ST131.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus Enters Rat Neuroblastoma Cells via a pH-Dependent, Dynamin and Caveola-Mediated Endocytosis Pathway
Authors: Zhu Yong-Zhe , Xu Qing-Qiang , Wu Da-Ge , Ren Hao , Zhao Ping , Lao Wen-Guang , Wang Yan , Tao Qing-Yuan , Qian Xi-Jing , Wei You-Heng , Cao Ming-Mei , Qi Zhong-Tian 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and one of the most common agents of viral encephalitis. The infectious entry process of JEV into host cells remains largely unknown. Here, we present a systemic study concerning the cellular entry mechanism of JEV to B104 rat neuroblastoma cells. It was observed that JEV internalization was inhibited by chloroquine and ammonium chloride, both of which can elevate the pH of acidic organelles. However, JEV entry was not affected by chlorpromazine, overexpression of a dominant-negative form of EPS 15 protein, or silencing of the clathrin heavy chain by small interfering RNA (siRNA). These results suggested that JEV entry depended on the acidic intracellular pH but was independent of clathrin. We found that endocytosis of JEV was dependent on membrane cholesterol and was inhibited by inactivation of caveolin-1 with siRNA or dominant-negative mutants. It was also shown, by using the inhibitor dynasore, the K44A mutant, and specific siRNA, that dynamin was required for JEV entry. Phagocytosis or macropinocytosis did not play a role in JEV internalization. In addition, we showed that JEV entry into the neuroblastoma cells is not virus strain specific by assessing the effect of the pharmacological inhibitors on the internalization of JEV belonging to different genotypes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that JEV enters B104 cells through a dynamin-dependent caveola-mediated uptake with a pH-dependent step, which is distinct from the clathrin-mediated endocytosis used by most flaviviruses.
Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Structure in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Benjelloun F. , Lawrence P. , Verrier B. , Genin C. , Paul S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Very soon after the discovery of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) toward human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, it became apparent that characterization of these NAbs would be an important step in finding a cure for or a vaccine to eradicate HIV-1. Since the initial description of broadly cross-clade NAbs naturally produced in HIV-1 patients, numerous studies have described new viral targets for these antibodies. More recently, studies concerning new groups of patients able to control their viremia, such as long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) or elite controllers, have described the generation of numerous envelope-targeted NAbs. Recent studies have marked a new stage in research on NAbs with the description of antibodies obtained from a worldwide screening of HIV-positive patients. These studies have permitted the discovery of NAb families with great potential for both neutralization and neutralization breadth, such as PG, PGT, CH, and highly active agonistic anti-CD4 binding site antibodies (HAADs), of which VRC01 and its variants are members. These antibodies are able to neutralize more than 80% of circulating strains without any autoreactivity and can be rapidly integrated into clinical trials in order to test their protective potential. In this review, we will focus on new insights into HIV-1 envelope structure and their implications for the generation of potent NAbs.
Two Closely Related Novel Picornaviruses in Cattle and Sheep in Hungary from 2008 to 2009, Proposed as Members of a New Genus in the Family Picornaviridae
Authors: Reuter Gábor , Pankovics Péter , Knowles Nick J. , Boros Ákos 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Two novel picornaviruses were serendipitously identified in apparently healthy young domestic animals—cattle (
Bos taurus
) and, subsequently, sheep (
Ovis aries
)—in Hungary during 2008 and 2009. Complete genome sequencing and comparative analysis showed that the two viruses are related to each other and have identical genome organizations, VPg + 5′ UTR
IRES-II
[L/1A-1B-1C-1D-2A
NPG↓P
/2B-2C/3A-3B
VPg
-3C
pro
-3D
pol
] 3′ UTR-poly(A). We suggest that they form two novel viral genotypes/serotypes, bovine hungarovirus 1 (BHuV-1; GenBank accession number
JQ941880
) and ovine hungarovirus 1 (OHuV-1; GenBank accession number
HM153767
), which may belong to a potential novel picornavirus genus in the family
Picornaviridae
. The genome lengths of BHuV-1 and OHuV-1 are 7,583 and 7,588 nucleotides, each comprising a single open reading frame encoding 2,243 and 2,252 amino acids, respectively. In the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs), both hungaroviruses are predicted to have a type II internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The nucleotide sequence and the secondary RNA structure of the hungarovirus IRES core domains H-I-J-K-L are highly similar to that of human parechovirus (HPeV) (genus
Parechovirus
), especially HPeV-3. However, in the polyprotein coding region, the amino acid sequences are more closely related to those of porcine teschoviruses (genus
Teschovirus
). Hungaroviruses were detected in 15% (4/26) and 25% (4/16) of the fecal samples from cattle and sheep, respectively. This report describes the discovery of two novel picornaviruses in farm animals, cattle and sheep. The mosaic genetic pattern raises the possibility that hungaroviruses, human parechoviruses, and porcine teschoviruses may be linked to each other by modular recombination of functional noncoding RNA elements.
Design of Escherichia coli-Expressed Stalk Domain Immunogens of H1N1 Hemagglutinin That Protect Mice from Lethal Challenge
Authors: Bommakanti Gayathri , Lu Xianghan , Citron Michael P. , Najar Tariq Ahmad , Heidecker Gwendolyn J. , ter Meulen Jan , Varadarajan Raghavan , Liang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
The hemagglutinin protein (HA) on the surface of influenza virus is essential for viral entry into the host cells. The HA1 subunit of HA is also the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. The HA2 subunit is less exposed on the virion surface and more conserved than HA1. We have previously designed an HA2-based immunogen derived from the sequence of the H3N2 A/HK/68 virus. In the present study, we report the design of an HA2-based immunogen from the H1N1 subtype (PR/8/34). This immunogen (H1HA0HA6) and its circular permutant (H1HA6) were well folded and provided complete protection against homologous viral challenge. Antisera of immunized mice showed cross-reactivity with HA proteins of different strains and subtypes. Although no neutralization was observable in a conventional neutralization assay, sera of immunized guinea pigs competed with a broadly neutralizing antibody, CR6261, for binding to recombinant Viet/04 HA protein, suggesting that CR6261-like antibodies were elicited by the immunogens. Stem domain immunogens from a seasonal H1N1 strain (A/NC/20/99) and a recent pandemic strain (A/Cal/07/09) provided cross-protection against A/PR/8/34 viral challenge. HA2-containing stem domain immunogens therefore have the potential to provide subtype-specific protection.