bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light attenuates lipid accumulation while enhancing cell proliferation and starch synthesis in the glucose-fed oleaginous microalga Chlorella zofingiensis
Authors: Chen Tianpeng , Liu Jin , Guo Bingbing , Ma Xiaonian , Sun Peipei , Liu Bin , Chen Feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of light on lipid and starch accumulation in the oleaginous green algae Chlorella zofingiensis supplemented with glucose. C. zofingiensis, when fed with 30 g/L glucose, synthesized lipids up to 0.531 g/g dry weight; while in the presence of light, the lipid content dropped down to 0.352 g/g dry weight. Lipid yield on glucose was 0.184 g/g glucose, 14% higher than that cultured with light. The light-mediated lipid reduction was accompanied by the down-regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic genes at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, light promoted cell proliferation, starch accumulation and the starch yield based on glucose. Taken together, light may attenuate lipid accumulation, possibly through the inhibition of lipid biosynthetic pathway, leading to more carbon flux from glucose to starch. This study reveals the dual effects of light on the sugar-fed C. zofingiensis and provides valuable insights into the possible optimization of algal biomass and lipid production by manipulation of culture conditions.
Revisiting the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway using genome scale metabolic model of Oryza sativa japonica
Authors: Chatterjee Ankita , Kundu Sudip 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChlorophyll is one of the most important pigments present in green plants and rice is one of the major food crops consumed worldwide. We curated the existing genome scale metabolic model (GSM) of rice leaf by incorporating new compartment, reactions and transporters. We used this modified GSM to elucidate how the chlorophyll is synthesized in a leaf through a series of bio-chemical reactions spanned over different organelles using inorganic macronutrients and light energy. We predicted the essential reactions and the associated genes of chlorophyll synthesis and validated against the existing experimental evidences. Further, ammonia is known to be the preferred source of nitrogen in rice paddy fields. The ammonia entering into the plant is assimilated in the root and leaf. The focus of the present work is centered on rice leaf metabolism. We studied the relative importance of ammonia transporters through the chloroplast and the cytosol and their interlink with other intracellular transporters. Ammonia assimilation in the leaves takes place by the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) which is present in the cytosol (GS1) and chloroplast (GS2). Our results provided possible explanation why GS2 mutants show normal growth under minimum photorespiration and appear chlorotic when exposed to air.
Seismological constraints on the crustal structures generated by continental rejuvenation in northeastern China
Authors: Zheng Tian-Yu , He Yu-Mei , Yang Jin-Hui , Zhao Liang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCrustal rejuvenation is a key process that has shaped the characteristics of current continental structures and components in tectonic active continental regions. Geological and geochemical observations have provided insights into crustal rejuvenation, although the crustal structural fabrics have not been well constrained. Here, we present a seismic image across the North China Craton (NCC) and Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) using a velocity structure imaging technique for receiver functions from a dense array. The crustal evolution of the eastern NCC was delineated during the Mesozoic by a dominant low seismic wave velocity with velocity inversion, a relatively shallow Moho discontinuity and a Moho offset beneath the Tanlu Fault Zone. The imaged structures and geochemical evidence, including changes in the components and ages of continental crusts and significant continental crustal growth during the Mesozoic, provide insight into the rejuvenation processes of the evolving crust in the eastern NCC caused by structural, magmatic and metamorphic processes in an extensional setting. The fossil structural fabric of the convergent boundary in the eastern CAOB indicates that the back-arc action of the Paleo-Pacific Plate subduction did not reach the hinterland of Asia.
Tolerance and reward equity predict cooperation in ravens (Corvus corax)
Authors: Massen Jorg J. M. , Ritter Caroline , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCooperative decision rules have so far been shown experimentally mainly in mammal species that have variable and complex social networks. However, these traits should not necessarily be restricted to mammals. Therefore, we tested cooperative problem solving in ravens. We showed that, without training, nine ravens spontaneously cooperated in a loose-string task. Corroborating findings in several species, ravens’ cooperative success increased with increasing inter-individual tolerance levels. Importantly, we found this in both a forced dyadic setting and in a group setting where individuals had an open choice to cooperate with whomever. The ravens, moreover, also paid attention to the resulting reward distribution and ceased cooperation when being cheated upon. Nevertheless, the ravens did not seem to pay attention to the behavior of their partners while cooperating and future research should reveal whether this is task specific or a general pattern. Given their natural propensity to cooperate and the results we present here, we consider ravens as an interesting model species to study the evolution of and the mechanisms underlying cooperation.
Improvement of skin wound healing in diabetic mice by kinin B2 receptor blockade
Authors: Desposito Dorinne , Chollet Catherine , Taveau Christopher , Descamps Vincent , Alhenc-Gelas François , Roussel Ronan , Bouby Nadine , Waeckel Ludovic 
Published: October 2015

Impaired skin wound healing is a major medical problem in diabetic subjects. Kinins exert a number of vascular and other actions limiting organ damage in ischaemia or diabetes, but their role in skin injury is unknown. We investigated, through pharmacological manipulation of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R respectively), the role of kinins in wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. Using two mouse models of diabetes (streptozotocin-induced and db/db mice) and non-diabetic mice, we assessed the effect of kinin receptor activation or inhibition by subtype-selective pharmacological agonists (B1R and B2R) and antagonist (B2R) on healing of experimental skin wounds. We also studied effects of agonists and antagonist on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Levels of Bdkrb1 (encoding B1R) and Bdkrb2 (encoding B2R) mRNAs increased 1–2-fold in healthy and wounded diabetic skin compared with in non-diabetic skin. Diabetes delayed wound healing. The B1R agonist had no effect on wound healing. In contrast, the B2R agonist impaired wound repair in both non-diabetic and diabetic mice, inducing skin disorganization and epidermis thickening. In vitro, B2R activation unbalanced fibroblast/keratinocyte proliferation and increased keratinocyte migration. These effects were abolished by co-administration of B2R antagonist. Interestingly, in the two mouse models of diabetes, the B2R antagonist administered alone normalized wound healing. This effect was associated with the induction of Ccl2 (encoding monocyte chemoattractant protein 1)/Tnf (encoding tumour necrosis factor α) mRNAs. Thus stimulation of kinin B2 receptor impairs skin wound healing in mice. B2R activation occurs in the diabetic skin and delays wound healing. B2R blockade improves skin wound healing in diabetic mice and is a potential therapeutic approach to diabetic ulcers.
Chirp-Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Children: A Review
Authors: Bargen Gabriel Anne 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the use of the chirp stimulus to record auditory brainstem responses in the pediatric population via a traditional review.

Method
An electronic search of the literature and a hand search of the literature were conducted. Studies that utilized chirp stimuli within the pediatric population that met all of the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Qualitative synthesis and interpretation of the data were completed.

Results
Seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Chirp stimuli produce auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveform amplitudes in children similar to those in adults when presented at moderate to low frequency levels. Latency data from chirp stimuli are not consistent when stimulus presentation rates are altered. Test–retest reliability when using the chirp stimulus was found to be good, as were sensitivity and specificity of chirp-evoked ABRs utilized in a newborn hearing screening protocol.

Conclusion
Reviewed studies indicated that when presented at 60 dB nHL or lower, broadband chirp–generated ABRs have larger amplitudes than click-generated ABRs in children with normal hearing. Utilization of chirp stimuli decreases test time because waveforms are easier to detect with increased synchronization. Further research should focus on correlating chirp thresholds with behavioral hearing thresholds. Given the variance of results in these select studies, future research should also evaluate latency findings and focus on developing normative data for infants with hearing impairment and normal hearing.
An invertebrate smooth muscle with striated muscle myosin filaments
Authors: Sulbarán Guidenn , Alamo Lorenzo , Pinto Antonio , Márquez Gustavo , Méndez Franklin , Padrón Raúl , Craig Roger 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceAll animals have the ability to move. In most animals, striated muscles move the body and smooth muscles the internal organs. In both muscles, contraction results from interaction between myosin and actin filaments. Based on vertebrate studies, smooth and striated muscles are thought to have different protein components and filament structures. We have studied muscle ultrastructure in the parasiteSchistosoma mansoni, where we find that this view is not supported. This invertebrate possesses only smooth muscles, yet its myosin sequence and filament structure are identical to those of striated muscle, while its actin filaments are smooth muscle-like. Such “hybrid” muscles may be common in other invertebrates. This finding challenges the paradigm that smooth and striated muscles always have different components.
Drosophila
TRPA1 isoforms detect UV light via photochemical production of H
2
O
2
Authors: Guntur Ananya R. , Gu Pengyu , Takle Kendra , Chen Jingyi , Xiang Yang , Yang Chung-Hui 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Discovering new light-sensing mechanisms and cell types are of considerable interest to researchers across disciplines. Understanding how cells sense light is one of the most fundamental problems in biology. In addition, optogenetics has become a critical research tool and discovery of new light-sensing mechanisms may expand the existing toolbox. In this work, we described our discovery of a dTRPA1-dependent photochemical pathway that is sufficient to confer UV sensitivity to light-insensitive cells. We also discovered a group of neuroendocrine cells that express these isoforms endogenously and can sense UV. These findings demonstrate a new cell type that can sense strong UV and the potential of exploiting dTRPA1 channel as an optogenetic tool.
Unspeakable Desires
Authors: Flint Kate 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This chapter explores how certain forms of desire are silenced by culture and convention, and how these desires, whilst they may be expressed through glance or action, can be difficult to express in verbal form. Chief among these desires are ones predicated on same-sex attraction, and both male homosexual and lesbian desires—and attitudes and legislation relating to them—are placed in the context of changing attitudes towards sexuality in Victorian society. The chapter also examines forms of desire that are manifested through such activities as flogging or the consumption of pornography. But the main emphasis falls on queer sexualities and relationships and on their expression in fiction and poetry. The idea that style itself may be understood as a form of queer expression is investigated, and the warning issued that we must be careful not to project our own twenty-first-century desires and forms of identification onto Victorian practices.
Victorian Natural Science and the Seashore
Authors: King Amy M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Victorian natural science is not something separate from culture and social life, but integral to Victorian literary culture broadly defined. This is particularly important to the Victorian period because it was during the nineteenth century that the professionalization of science occurred; at the same time a vibrant popular science existed. Natural history is part of a broader landscape of scientific culture in the nineteenth century beyond the poles of the ‘scientific naturalists’ such as Charles Darwin and the Anglican ‘gentlemen of science’. A particular nineteenth-century version of natural theology persisted at least until mid-century and even as late as the 1870s, manifesting especially in popular natural histories. One specific genre was the seashore natural history, in which there is a blend of empirical observation and theology, especially in the work of Philip Henry Gosse.
Archives, Documents, and Legal Practices in the GreekPolis
Authors: Faraguna Michele 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores the importance of writing in the legal practices of the Greek poleis. After discussing writing materials and kinds of documents, illustrating the different functions documents on the same media could have and the problems in tracing ancient archives and reconstructing the role they played in the mechanisms of public administration, it concentrates on two case studies: written records concerning land transactions (in particular registers of sales) and the role of written documents in Athenian judicial procedures. It argues that the impact of written documents on the legal sphere and in establishing fair social relations within the polis was much more significant than is generally recognized.
Law and Citizenship in the GreekPoleis
Authors: Brock Roger 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe chapter provides a survey of the meaning and workings of citizenship in the Greek poleis in the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic time. It discusses citizenship as political participation and as performance, and gives a comprehensive account of the rights and duties of citizenship, isolating an understanding of citizenship shared across the Greek world. It also discusses categories such as resident foreigners and women, and their status within the polis. It also investigates inter-polis interactions involving citizenship, whether naturalizations of individuals or groups, reciprocal agreements of isopoliteia, or more radical mergers through synoecism or sympoliteia.
Slavery and Manumission
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores the legal position of slaves in the Greek world from Homeric times down to the Roman conquest, including Gortyn, Athens, Sparta, and Ptolemaic Egypt, by documenting the articulation of property law over slaves in these different regions as well as examining key debates over other questions such as status, hybris, the torture of slaves, slave families, and the legal relation of slaves to property in their possession. The final section provides an overview of the issue of manumission in Greek law including the various methods by which manumission was achieved and debates over the evidence for manumission.
Egypt and the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age
Authors: Bader Bettina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of possible types of cultural contact between Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean and of the available sources, both archaeological and textual, and their interpretational values and problems. The focus is on the Early and Middle Bronze Ages, corresponding to the Early Dynastic period, the Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom, and the Second Intermediate Period in Egypt. Using sources that have recently come to light, especially pottery, the article stresses the contextual information of such finds and considers changes in paradigms of interpretation. Analyzing and interpreting imported and “imitation” wares and objects is a relatively new and very difficult field, one that has initiated a re-evaluation of both textual and archaeological evidence.
Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Celiac Disease
Authors: Stein Adam C. , Liao Chuanhong , Paski Shirley , Polonsky Tamar , Semrad Carol E. , Kupfer Sonia S. 
Published: October 2015

Background:Patients with celiac disease (CD) may be at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet CVD risk factors are not well defined in CD. The validated Framingham Heart Study 10-year general CVD risk score (FRS) that incorporates traditional CVD risk factors including body mass index (BMI) has not been previously studied in CD patients.Aims:To compare BMI and FRS in CD patients with population-based controls.Methods:Biopsy-proven CD patients were ascertained retrospectively and data on BMI, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, smoking status, and diabetes were obtained at initial and follow-up visits. FRS was calculated and compared with 4 matched general population non-CD controls from the 2009 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Results:Of 258 total CD patients, 38.3% were overweight or obese compared with 69.8% of controls (P<0.001). In total, 174 CD patients met the inclusion criteria for FRS calculation. Of these, the median FRS was lower in CD patients compared with controls (3.9 vs. 4.2;P=0.011). In CD patients, tobacco use was significantly lower (P<0.001), whereas systolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P<0.01) than controls.Conclusions:Global CVD risk is lower among patients with CD compared with population controls. Lower BMI and tobacco use among CD patients could account for this difference. These results suggest that factors other than those measured by FRS could contribute to the increased risk of CVD in CD observed in some studies.
Openness in university-industry collaboration: probing managerial perceptions
Authors: Moilanen Heikki , Halla Mirje , Alin Pauli 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of decision making of managers of intermediary organizations in university-industry (UI) collaboration by probing managerial perceptions of openness in that context.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted 11 semi-structured interviews of managers of intermediary organizations in the context of UI collaboration. Using Grounded Theory, the authors analyzed how the managers talked about openness.

Findings
– The authors found that the managers perceived openness in four distinct ways: first, openness as driven by management of the relationship, second, openness as driven by bringing people together, third, openness as a driver of co-creation and fourth, openness as a driver of beneficial results. From these findings the authors induce a framework for perception of openness.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings are based on a relatively limited data set, which is a limitation of the study. Future research should study whether differences in perception of openness exist among different contexts or partners of UI collaboration.

Practical implications
– The findings can potentially provide useful guidance to managers in UI collaboration as to how better understand the important concept of openness in that context.

Originality/value
– This study addresses the lack of research on managerial perceptions on openness in the context in UI collaboration. Probing managerial perceptions of openness provides us with better understanding of managerial decision making in UI collaboration. The study contributes to scientific discussions on managerial perceptions of openness and to discussions on managerial decision making in UI collaboration.
State of the art in robots used in minimally invasive surgeries. Natural Orifice Transluminal Surgery (NOTES) as a particular case
Authors: Díaz Carlos Eduardo , Fernández Roemi , Armada Manuel , García Gutiérrez Felipe de Jesús 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to provide an insight into recent advancements and developments of robotics for Natural Orifice Transluminal Surgery (NOTES) procedures.Design/methodology/approach– Following an introduction that highlights the evolution from Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) to NOTES in the medical field, this paper reviews the main robotics systems that have been designed and implemented for MIS and NOTES, summarising their advantages and limitations and remarking the technological challenges and the requirements that still should be addressed and fulfilled.Findings– The state-of-the-art presented in this paper shows that the majority of the platforms created for NOTES are laboratory prototypes, and their performances are still far from being optimal. New solutions are required to solve the problems confronted by the proposed systems such as the limited number of DOFs, the limited resolution, the optimal fixation and stiffening of the instruments for enabling stable and precise operation, the effective transmission of forces to the tip tools, the improvement of the force feedback feeling and the proper visualization and spatial orientation of the surgical field. Advances in robotics can contribute significantly to the development and future implementation of the NOTES procedure.Originality/value– This paper highlights the current trends and challenges ahead in robotics applied to NOTES procedure.