bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of Modal Parameter Estimations Using Two Different Output-Only System Identification Methods
Authors: Ozcelik Ozgur , Salavati Mohammad 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Accurate damage identification in a structure depends on the accurate estimation of modal parameters; therefore, an important step in the vibration-based structural health monitoring process is the estimation of modal parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate systematically the variability of identified modal parameters of a steel model bridge with low damping using simple statistical measures. In order to achieve this objective, first the modal parameters of an actual steel bridge were estimated using two different and widely used output-only system identification methods, the natural excitation technique with an eigensystem realization algorithm and enhanced frequency domain decomposition. Then a calibrated finite element model of the bridge was developed using the estimated modal parameters. Using the simulated data from the calibrated model, the variability of modal parameter estimations due to variability of the spatial sensor density, measurement/sensor noise, and response data length input factors was investigated. The input factors chosen are significant for the performance of the output-only system identification methods used and therefore are deemed important for accurate damage detection.
Measuring Principles of a Thrust Flow Transducer and Its Applications in River Flow Velocity
Authors: Chang Xiao-min , Zhang Xiao-yan , Qin Jian-min 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Real-time measurements of river flow velocities under the ice in winter are very difficult. An experimental apparatus of a new thrust flow transducer based on particle phase properties is proposed in this paper. The pull force on a traction cable produced by the floating ball in a fluid can be measured by our experimental apparatus. Then the forces produced on the rigid floating ball are used to calculate the fluid thrust. Finally, the flow velocity can be obtained using an empirical formulation between the fluid velocity and the thrust on the floating ball. Such a designed thrust flow transducer is simple and low cost and can be used not only for measuring the surface velocity of rivers, water channels, lakes, and oceans, but also for automatic measurements of water velocity, including of frazil slush that is under the ice sheet in rivers, water channels, lakes, and oceans in freezing conditions.
Does thyroid function influence fracture risk? Prospective data from the HUNT2 study, Norway
Authors: Svare Anders , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Forsmo Siri , Schei Berit , Bjøro Trine , Langhammer Arnulf 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo prospectively study the relation between TSH and risk of hip and forearm fractures.DesignA population-based cohort study.MethodsIn a substudy of the second survey of the Nord Trøndelag Health Study, Norway (HUNT2, 1995–97), linked with a hospital-based fracture registry, we investigated the relation between baseline TSH and risk of hip and/or forearm fractures.PopulationA total of 16 610 women and 8595 men aged 40 years or more, without previous self-reported thyroid disease and hip or forearm fractures.ResultsDuring 12.5 years follow-up, a total of 1870 women and 342 men experienced hip or forearm fractures. Overall, there was no relation between baseline TSH and fracture risk. However, there was weak evidence that women with TSH <0.5 and >3.5 mU/l had a slightly increased risk of hip fractures (hazard ratio (HR) 1.30, 95% CI 0.97–1.94 and HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.93–1.52) compared with the reference group with TSH of 1.5–2.4 mU/l. Supplementary analyses showed higher hip fracture risk in women with TSH >4.0 mU/l and negative thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) compared with the reference group (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.24–2.46).ConclusionWe found no statistically significant relation between baseline TSH and subsequent fracture risk, but the data suggest a weak positive association with hip fracture risk among women with both low and high TSH. The latter association was confined to women with negative TPOAb status.
Do Low‐Growing Gap Crop Types Affect Pollen‐Mediated Gene Flow in Maize?
Authors: Langhof Maren , Hommel Bernd , Hüsken Alexandra , Schiemann Joachim , Wehling Peter , Rühl Gerhard 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTOne of the most accepted and adopted measures to assure coexistence of genetically modified (GM) maize (Zea mays L.) and conventional or organic maize is an isolation distance between GM and non‐GM fields. If crop types used as “gap crops” differ in their effect on pollen‐mediated gene flow this might have implications for the development of coexistence measures. Therefore, in a 3‐yr study, the effect of a 25 m wide strip of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stubble and clover‐grass (Trifolium pratense L. and Lolium spp.) as a gap crop on pollen‐mediated gene flow in maize was investigated at two sites in northern Germany. It was hypothesized that different thermal conditions above the dry (barley stubble) and the wet (clover‐grass) gap crop may cause differences in pollen‐mediated gene flow into the adjacent recipient fields. Due to a ban on GM‐maize cultivation in Germany, kernel color was used as a phenotypic marker to assess gene flow. Outcrossing was mainly concentrated to the downwind areas of the recipient fields with a pronounced edge effect. The application of a general linear mixed effect model showed that there was no significant effect of the gap crop type on the amount of pollen‐mediated gene flow. It is concluded that the crop type planted between GM and non‐GM maize has no major importance for the development of coexistence measures.
Chewing, Strong, and Slender Creeping Red Fescue Response to Sowing Time and Method
Authors: Szczepanek Małgorzata , Onofri Andrea 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTDiversity of morphological features in red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) genotypes can be associated with responses to sowing time and method. Two‐replicate field experiments were performed for 3 yr in the same locality in Poland (53°09′N, 17°35′ E) aimed at investigating (i) the combined effect of sowing time and method (pure stands in April, middle and end of July, and middle of August or within spring barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] in April) and variety (F. rubra subsp. rubra strong creeping, Festuca rubra L. subsp. litoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier slender creeping, and F. rubra subsp. commutata Markgr.‐Dann. chewing) on plant characteristics and seed yield (SY) in the first and second production years (PYs) and (ii) the correlations among morphological features and SY. In both PYs, the highest SY was obtained with the strong creeping and the lowest with the chewing variety. In the first PY, the highest SY was obtained with pure sowing from April to end of July, while sowing within barley reduced SY. Red fescue sown in August produced zero to two tillers during the establishment year, which caused a reduction in generative tiller density (GTD) and SY in the first PY. The strong and slender creeping varieties gave similar total SY from two PYs with all sowing times and methods. Chewing fescue gave higher SY when sown in pure stands from April to end of July, compared with sowing in August. The GTD and number of spikelets per panicle had the largest positive direct effect on SY in both PYs. Thousand seed weight had a positive, direct effect on SY only in the first PY.
The Clinical and Genomic Significance of Donor-Specific Antibody–Positive/C4d-Negative and Donor-Specific Antibody–Negative/C4d-Negative Transplant Glomerulopathy
Authors: Hayde Nicole , Bao Yi , Pullman James , Ye Bin , Calder R. Brent , Chung Monica , Schwartz Daniel , Lubetzky Michelle , Ajaimy Maria , de Boccardo Graciela , Akalin Enver 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Background
This study investigated the mechanisms involved in development of donor-specific antibody (DSA) and/or C4d-negative transplant glomerulopathy (TGP) by allograft gene expression profiles using microarrays.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements
This cohort study was conducted in kidney transplant recipients. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they required a clinically indicated biopsy at any time point after their transplant. They were then classified according to their histopathology findings and DSA and C4d results. Eighteen chronic antibody-mediated rejection (CAMR), 14 DSA+/C4d− TGP, 25 DSA−/C4d− TGP, and 47 nonspecific interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) biopsy specimens were identified. In a subset of patients from the study population, biopsy specimens in each group and normal transplant kidney specimens were analyzed with Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Arrays.

Results
The mean sum score of glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis increased from 0.28±0.78 in IFTA specimens to 0.75±0.85 in DSA−/C4d− TGP specimens, 1.71±1.49 in DSA+/C4d−/TGP specimens, and 2.11±1.74 in CAMR specimens (P<0.001). During a median follow-up time of 2 (interquartile range, 1.4–2.8) years after biopsy, graft loss was highest in CAMR specimens (27.8%) compared to IFTA specimens (8.5%), DSA+/C4d− TGP specimens (14.3%), and DSA−/C4d− TGP specimens (16%) (P=0.01). With use of microarrays, comparison of the gene expression profiles of DSA−/C4d− TGP specimens with glomerulitis + peritubular capillaritis scores > 0 to normal and IFTA biopsy specimens revealed higher expression of quantitative cytotoxic T cell–associated transcripts (QCAT). However, both CAMR and DSA+/C4d− TGP specimens had higher expression of not only QCAT but also IFN-γ and rejection-induced, constitutive macrophage-associated, natural killer cell–associated, and DSA-selective transcripts. Endothelial cell–associated transcript expression was upregulated only in CAMR biopsy specimens.

Conclusions
These results suggested that DSA+/C4d− TGP biopsy specimens may be classified as CAMR. In contrast, DSA−/C4d− TGP specimens showed increased cytotoxic T cell–associated transcripts, suggesting T cell activation as a mechanism of injury.
Empirical Evidence on Repeat Restatements
Authors: Files Rebecca , Sharp Nathan Y. , Thompson Anne M. 
Published: September 2013

SYNOPSIS
This study examines the characteristics and market consequences of repeat restatements. We find that 38 percent of the restating companies in our sample restate at least twice between 2002 and 2008, and 31 percent of repeat restatement firms restate three or more times during the same period. Our tests identify several auditor and restatement characteristics that distinguish single from repeat restatements at the time of the first restatement. Repeat restatements are more likely among clients of non-Big N auditors and those with lower ex ante accounting quality. However, firms that switch auditors between the end of their misstatement period and the restatement announcement are less likely to experience repeat restatements. Although subsequent restatements tend to be less severe than the first in a series of restatements, firms suffer similar declines in stock prices with up to three restatement announcements. In addition, firms often restate the same fiscal periods multiple times, and these “overlapping” restatements are more frequent when managers are distracted by other difficulties, such as discontinued operations or internal control weaknesses. Our findings should be valuable to investors, regulators, and other parties interested in repeat restatements. We provide research design recommendations for researchers to incorporate in future research.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; G34.
Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources indicated.
The Mobile Home Monster: A Forensic Case in the Use of Public Records to Locate Assets
Authors: Quirin Jeffrey J. , O'Bryan David W. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
This case is designed for an introductory fraud examination or forensic accounting course. It is based upon an actual case that was investigated by the lead author while working as a forensic accountant. The case provides students with an opportunity to learn how useful public records can be to the forensic accountant. This case involves no allegations of fraud, but is a realistic example of how a forensic accountant can add value in other areas of litigation. Students must conduct a simulated asset tracing investigation using public records to help the U.S. Department of Justice collect punitive damages and a civil penalty from a defendant charged with violating the Fair Housing Act, Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act. The case utilizes the problem-based learning approach wherein students are put into the role of a forensic accountant and must request additional information from the instructor. Within the context of the present case study, students are also encouraged to identify other potential sources of information that could be helpful in the investigation.
Diesel soot combustion catalysts: review of active phases
Authors: Hernández-Giménez Ana , Castelló Dolores , Bueno-López Agustín 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe most relevant information about the different active phases that have been studied for the catalytic combustion of soot is reviewed and discussed in this article. Many catalysts have been reported to accelerate soot combustion, including formulations with noble metals, alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals, transition metals that can accomplish redox cycles (V, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, etc.), and internal transition metals. Platinum catalysts are among those of most interest for practical applications, and an important feature of these catalysts is that sulphur-resistant platinum formulations have been prepared. Some metal oxide-based catalysts also appear to be promising candidates for soot combustion in practical applications, including ceria-based formulations and mixed oxides with perovskite and spinel structures. Some of these metal oxide catalysts produce highly reactive active oxygen species that promote efficient soot combustion. Thermal stability is an important requirement for a soot combustion catalyst, which precludes the practical utilisation of several potential catalysts such as most alkaline metal catalysts, molten salts, and metal chlorides. Some noble metal catalysts are also unstable due to the formation of volatile oxides (ruthenium, iridium, and osmium).
Controllable one-step synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using molybdophosphoric acid
Authors: Rashidi Hamed , Ahmadpour Ali , Bamoharram Fatemeh , Zebarjad Seyed , Heravi Majid , Tayari Faranak 
Published: September 2013

AbstractZnO nanostructures were synthesised in a hydrothermal reaction of zinc acetate in the presence of molybdophosphoric acid (H3[PMo12O40]) as well as its vanadium-substituted acid (H4[PMo11VO40]) at various times, temperatures, and concentrations. The ZnO nanostructures were characterised by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the synthesised products are crystalline with a zincite hexagonal phase. Various ZnO nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, microrods, and nanosheets, were produced by changing the experimental conditions. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was also investigated using the ZnO nanoparticles thus prepared. These particles exhibited high performance in the photocatalytic degradation of MO and almost 100 % decolourisation occurred within only 20 min.
Electrochemical storage properties of polyaniline-, poly(N-methylaniline)-, and poly(N-ethylaniline)-coated pencil graphite electrodes
Authors: Arslan Andac , Hur Evrim 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThree types of conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI), poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA), poly(N-ethylaniline) (PNEA) were electrochemically deposited on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surfaces characterized as electrode active materials for supercapacitor applications. The obtained films were electrochemically characterized using different electrochemical methods. Redox parameters, electro-active characteristics, and electrostability of the polymer films were investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Doping types of the polymer films were determined by the Mott-Schottky method. Electrochemical capacitance properties of the polymer film coating PGE (PGE/PANI, PGE/PNMA, and PGE/PNEA) were investigated by the CV and potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods in a 0.1 M H2SO4 aqueous solution. Thus, capacitance values of the electrodes were calculated. Results show that PGE/PANI, PGE/PNMA, and PGE/PNEA exhibit maximum specific capacitances of 131.78 F g−1 (≈ 436.50 mF cm−2), 38.00 F g−1 (≈ 130.70 mF cm−2), and 16.50 F g−1 (≈ 57.83 mF cm−2), respectively. Moreover, charge-discharge capacities of the electrodes are reported and the specific power (SP) and specific energy (SE) values of the electrodes as supercapacitor materials were calculated using repeating chronopotentiometry.
Synthesis of 1,1-diacetates catalysed by silica-supported boron sulfonic acid under solvent-free conditions and ambient temperature
Authors: Sajjadifar Sami , Rezayati Sobhan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract1,1-Diacetates derivatives were prepared using the direct condensation of aldehydes with acetic anhydride in the presence of silica-supported boron sulfonic acid (SiO2/B(SO4H)3) as a tri-functional inorganic Brønsted acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions at ambient temperature. The salient features of this methodology are: (i) cheaper process ready availability of the catalyst; (ii) versatility; (iii) high regio-selectivity of the procedure and recyclable property of the catalyst.
Natural organic acids promoted Beckmann rearrangement: Green and expeditious synthesis of amides under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Rohokale Sandeep , Kote Santosh , Deshmukh Santosh , Thopate Shankar 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNaturally occurring organic acids are reported to be highly efficient promoters of the Beckmann rearrangement. Citric, oxalic, tartaric, malic, succinic, malonic, and fumaric acids efficiently promote the Beckmann rearrangement under solvent-free conditions and thermal and microwave irradiation. Tartaric acid was found to be the best promoter of the Beckmann rearrangement under conventional conditions as well as under microwave irradiation. Compared with conventional heating, microwave irradiation provides higher reaction rate and slightly higher yields.
CO2 laser drives extreme ultraviolet nano-lithography — second life of mature laser technology
Authors: Nowak K. , Ohta T. , Suganuma T. , Fujimoto J. , Mizoguchi H. , Sumitani A. , Endo A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIt was shown both theoretically and experimentally that nanosecond order laser pulses at 10.6 micron wavelength were superior for driving the Sn plasma extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source for nano-lithography for the reasons of higher conversion efficiency, lower production of debris and higher average power levels obtainable in CO2 media without serious problems of beam distortions and nonlinear effects occurring in competing solid-state lasers at high intensities. The renewed interest in such pulse format, wavelength, repetition rates in excess of 50 kHz and average power levels in excess of 18 kiloWatt has sparked new opportunities for a matured multi-kiloWatt CO2 laser technology. The power demand of EUV source could be only satisfied by a Master-Oscillator-Power-Amplifier system configuration, leading to a development of a new type of hybrid pulsed CO2 laser employing a whole spectrum of CO2 technology, such as fast flow systems and diffusion-cooled planar waveguide lasers, and relatively recent quantum cascade lasers. In this paper we review briefly the history of relevant pulsed CO2 laser technology and the requirements for multi-kiloWatt CO2 laser, intended for the laser-produced plasma EUV source, and present our recent advances, such as novel solid-state seeded master oscillator and efficient multi-pass amplifiers built on planar waveguide CO2 lasers.
Direct Access Compared With Referred Physical Therapy Episodes of Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ojha Heidi A. , Snyder Rachel S. , Davenport Todd E. 
Published: September 2013

Background
Evidence suggests that physical therapy through direct access may help decrease costs and improve patient outcomes compared with physical therapy by physician referral.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on patients with musculoskeletal injuries and compare health care costs and patient outcomes in episodes of physical therapy by direct access compared with referred physical therapy.

Data Sources
Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, and PEDro were searched using terms related to physical therapy and direct access. Included articles were hand searched for additional references.

Study Selection
Included studies compared data from physical therapy by direct access with physical therapy by physician referral, studying cost, outcomes, or harm. The studies were appraised using the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) levels of evidence criteria and assigned a methodological score.

Data Extraction
Of the 1,501 articles that were screened, 8 articles at levels 3 to 4 on the CEBM scale were included. There were statistically significant and clinically meaningful findings across studies that satisfaction and outcomes were superior, and numbers of physical therapy visits, imaging ordered, medications prescribed, and additional non–physical therapy appointments were less in cohorts receiving physical therapy by direct access compared with referred episodes of care. There was no evidence for harm.

Data Synthesis
There is evidence across level 3 and 4 studies (grade B to C CEBM level of recommendation) that physical therapy by direct access compared with referred episodes of care is associated with improved patient outcomes and decreased costs.

Limitations
Primary limitations were lack of group randomization, potential for selection bias, and limited generalizability.

Conclusions
Physical therapy by way of direct access may contain health care costs and promote high-quality health care. Third-party payers should consider paying for physical therapy by direct access to decrease health care costs and incentivize optimal patient outcomes.