bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors on beta diversity in river organisms
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Millán Andrés , Velasco Josefa , Vaughan Ian P. , Ormerod Steve J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimWe hypothesized that mechanisms underlying beta diversity in rivers would differ between gradients where (1) natural stressors result in progressive species turnover with high specificity and (2) anthropogenic stressors result in the loss of specialist taxa thus giving rise to nestedness.LocationGreat Britain, the Iberian Peninsula and the Himalayan Mountains.MethodsWe analysed five datasets describing benthic macroinvertebrates sampled along natural (elevation, salinity) and anthropogenic (acidity, metals, land use) stress gradients. Predictions were tested by fitting models relating species richness and beta‐diversity components (total, turnover and nestedness dissimilarities) to putative stress intensity (i.e. the degree to which a particular environmental constraint filters species occurrence).ResultsStress intensity accounted for most of the variability in species richness (r2 = 0.64–0.93), which declined with increasing stress. Dissimilarity in community composition between locations increased with the difference in stress intensity for all datasets. For natural stressors, beta‐diversity patterns mainly reflected species turnover, whilst for anthropogenic stressors beta diversity mainly reflected nesting of subsets of species as stress intensity increased.Main conclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that natural and anthropogenic stressors generate contrasting patterns in beta diversity that arise through different mechanisms.
Olive trees as bio‐indicators of climate evolution in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Moriondo Marco , Trombi Giacomo , Ferrise Roberto , Brandani Giada , Dibari Camilla , Ammann Caspar M. , Lippi Marta Mariotti , Bindi Marco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThis paper aims to project areas of olive cultivation into future scenarios. Accordingly, we first asked the question whether global circulation models (GCMs) are able to reproduce past climatic conditions and we used historical ranges of olive cultivation as a palaeoclimate proxy.LocationThe Mediterranean basin.MethodsWe used an ecological model, calibrated and validated for modern times, to test the reliability of a general circulation model (NCAR‐CSM GCM) in reproducing past ranges of olive tree cultivation inferred from the literature, archaeo‐botanical investigations and fossil pollen analyses.ResultsThe re‐constructions of olive growing areas, obtained for the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 1200‐1300 AD) and the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1600‐1700 AD) by coupling the outputs of NCAR‐CSM to the ecological model, were in agreement to those observed. Simulations of olive growing areas for future time‐windows showed that a northwards expansion of the species is expected to occur by 2100.Main conclusionsThese results demonstrate that the NCAR‐CSM can provide an accurate reconstruction of past climate with results sensitive to climate forcing factors and thus, it is more likely to give reliable projections for the future. Additionally, the warming and drying conditions expected in the coming decades may determine changes across the Mediterranean basin that is unprecedented.
Altered root traits due to elevated CO2: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Nie Ming , Lu Meng , Bell Jennifer , Raut Swastika , Pendall Elise 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimPlant root traits regulate belowground C inputs, soil nutrient and water uptake, and play critical roles in determining sustainable plant production and consequences for ecosystem C storage. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on root morphology and function have not been well quantified. We reveal general patterns of root trait responses to elevated CO2 from field manipulative experiments.LocationNorth America, Europe, Oceania, Asia.MethodsThe meta‐analysis approach was used to examine the effects of CO2 elevation on 17 variables associated with root morphology, biomass size and distribution, C and N concentrations and pools, turnover and fungal colonization from 110 published studies.ResultsElevated CO2 increased root length (+26.0%) and diameter (+8.4%). Elevated CO2 also stimulated total root (+28.8%), fine root (+27.7%) and coarse root biomass (+25.3%), demonstrating strong responses of root morphology and biomass. Elevated CO2 increased the root:shoot ratio (+8.5%) and decreased the proportion of roots in the topsoil (–8.4%), suggesting that plants expand rooting systems. In addition, elevated CO2 decreased N concentration (–7.1%), but did not affect C concentration, and thus increased the C:N ratio (+7.8%). Root C (+29.3%) increased disproportionately relative to root N pools (+9.4%) under elevated CO2. Functional traits were also strongly affected by elevated CO2, which increased respiration (+58.9%), rhizodeposition (+37.9%) and fungal colonization (+3.3%).Main conclusionsThese results suggest that elevated CO2 promoted root morphological development, root system expansion and C input to soils, implying that the sensitive responses of root morphology and function to elevated CO2 would increase long‐term belowground C sequestration.
Nanogranite inclusions in migmatitic garnet: behavior during piston‐cylinder remelting experiments
Authors: Bartoli O. , Cesare B. , Poli S. , Acosta‐Vigil A. , Esposito R. , Turina A. , Bodnar R. J. , Angel R. J. , Hunter J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNanogranites represent totally crystallized inclusions of anatectic melt trapped within peritectic minerals of migmatites and granulites. They have recently been discovered in several locations. This discovery opens new possibilities for investigating crustal melting processes, provided that an appropriate method for retrieving the information contained within nanogranite inclusions is available. Here, we describe a series of remelting experiments that have been performed at different temperatures and under dry, andH2O‐added, conditions on nanogranite inclusions hosted in migmatitic garnet, using a piston‐cylinder apparatus. The glasses obtained by quenching the sample from temperature that approaches the trapping temperature have compositions very similar to those of preserved glassy inclusions coexisting with nanogranites in the same cluster. No significant differences inH2O contents were observed for nanogranites rehomogenized under dry and wet conditions. Higher (50–100°C) experimental temperatures resulted in dissolution of the host into the melt and inclusion decrepitation with the loss of volatiles. Therefore, piston‐cylinder remelting experiments may eliminate inclusion decrepitation, maintaining the primary fluid contents in the originally trapped melt. These volatiles would otherwise be lost during remelting experiments at ambient pressure. By preventing volatile loss, the inclusion does not have to be overheated to achieve homogenization, and the compositions of quenched glasses so obtained can be assumed to be those of melts produced (and trapped as inclusions) during crustal anatexis. The experimental approach described here represents a promising technique for the successful rehomogenization of crystallized melt inclusions from high‐pressure environments, such as the mafic continental crust.
Liver damage is not reversed during the lean period in diet‐induced weight cycling in mice
Authors: Barbosa‐da‐Silva Sandra , da Silva Natalia C. , Aguila Marcia B. , Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda Carlos A. 
Published: April 2013

AimWeight cycling (WC) is frequent in obesity treatment. We evaluated the degree of regression of the liver damage in WC.MethodsC57BL/6 male mice received standard chow (SC, 10% energy from lipids) or high‐fat diet (HF, 60% energy from lipids) for 6 months (SC6 or HF6) or a diet that alternated every 2 months (SC2/HF2/SC2 or HF2/SC2/HF2).ResultsThe body mass gain followed the HF intake and induced WC in the animals. The liver alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were higher in the groups receiving the HF diet for any period. The plasma insulin and glucose levels were the highest in the HF6 and HF2/SC2/HF2 groups. Any HF intake increased the liver mass. All the groups had some degree of liver steatosis, with the SC6 group exhibiting the lowest level (∼23% compared with 50–70%). The activated hepatic stellate cells were sparse throughout the liver sections from the HF6 and HF2/SC2/HF2 groups. The lowest sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) level was detected in the SC6 group. The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α expression was higher in the SC6 and SC2/HF2/SC2 groups than in the HF6 and HF2/SC2/HF2 groups that showed reduced expression.ConclusionWC induced by diet leads to adverse response in the liver, including biochemical and molecular alterations that are not reversed during the lean period of the WC, which must be maintained for a long period to allow the liver to recover from the damage associated with obesity.
IRS2 is a candidate driver oncogene on 13q34 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Day Elizabeth , Poulogiannis George , McCaughan Frank , Mulholland Shani , Arends Mark J. , Ibrahim Ashraf E. K. , Dear Paul H. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryCopy number alterations are frequently found in colorectal cancer (CRC), and recurrent gains or losses are likely to correspond to regions harbouring genes that promote or impede carcinogenesis respectively. Gain of chromosome 13q is common in CRC but, because the region of gain is frequently large, identification of the driver gene(s) has hitherto proved difficult. We used array comparative genomic hybridization to analyse 124 primary CRCs, demonstrating that 13q34 is a region of gain in 35% of CRCs, with focal gains in 4% and amplification in a further 1.6% of cases. To reduce the number of potential driver genes to consider, it was necessary to refine the boundaries of the narrowest copy number changes seen in this series and hence define the minimal copy region (MCR). This was performed using molecular copy‐number counting, identifying IRS2 as the only complete gene, and therefore the likely driver oncogene, within the refined MCR. Analysis of available colorectal neoplasia data sets confirmed IRS2 gene gain as a common event. Furthermore, IRS2 protein and mRNA expression in colorectal neoplasia was assessed and was positively correlated with progression from normal through adenoma to carcinoma. In functional in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that deregulated expression of IRS2 activates the oncogenic PI3 kinase pathway and increases cell adhesion, both characteristics of invasive CRC cells. Together, these data identify IRS2 as a likely driver oncogene in the prevalent 13q34 region of gain/amplification and suggest that IRS2 over‐expression may provide an additional mechanism of PI3 kinase pathway activation in CRC.
Promoting ‘Healthy Childhoods’ and Keeping Children ‘At Home’: Beninese Anti‐Trafficking Policy in Times of Neoliberalism
Authors: Howard Neil 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article offers the first examination of its kind of the content and nature of anti‐trafficking policy as it is pursued in Benin. The article draws on data gathered from policy and project documents and from interviews and participant observation with actors integral to the constitution of policy in (and with influence over) the Beninese anti‐trafficking community. It attempts to bridge the oft‐lamented gap between page and practice by conducting analysis not only of the representation of policy in text, but also of its lived manifestations in processes, interactions and structures. It argues that the various different actors that comprise Benin's anti‐trafficking pantheon seek to accomplish one fundamental goal – to protect children from trafficking – through two overarching strategies – the promotion of ‘healthy’ childhoods and the pre‐emptive prevention of child movement. The article examines each of the main strands of policy and concludes by offering a Foucauldian analysis of their operation. It thus fills a major gap in the academic understanding of anti‐trafficking policy in the Beninese context.
Creative Mediations of the City: Contemporary Public Art as Compass of Metro Manila's Urban Conditions
Authors: Guazon Tessa Maria 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this article, public art is proposed as creative agency mobilized to form urban imaginaries. These alternate visions are largely facilitated by artists and art collectives using urban communities as performative grounds. These projects promote a view of art as an effective channel for ‘recentering’ — the identification of a multitude of centers that endlessly fracture and shift, very much resembling the nature of cities themselves. An alternate vision of the city through cartography informed by contrast, temporality and ephemerality is proposed alongside dominant representations of the city. Works by artists Alma Quinto, Mark Salvatus and Wire Tuazon are representative examples of such strategies. Diverse in tactics and platforms, defined by site‐specific mediations, the projects facilitated by these artists reveal the uneven conditions that beset Metro Manila and its outlying areas. Quinto's altered Urban Plan/Duyan is the result of her engagement with women in an informal settler community in San Andres Bukid, Manila, while Salvatus's web‐based Neo‐Urban Planner is an astute observation of the obsessive yet futile ordering of people and space by the state. Tuazon's Amphibian installation is a commentary on the encroachment of multinational interests in local communities. These interventions are foils to state‐ and private‐led urban development schemes. Their strength lies in their direct engagement with the sphere of public dialogue and self‐determination. These artistic practices and strategies are shaped by community interaction, revealing that meanings residing in urban forms are relentlessly negotiated by the numerous actors that inhabit the city.
How Many Bytes Does It Take? A Content Analysis of Cyber Issues in Couple and Family Therapy Journals
Authors: Blumer Markie L. C. , Hertlein Katherine M. , Smith Justin M. , Allen Harrison 
Published: April 2013

In the fifteen years since the explosion of the Internet, using cyber technology for work and social functions has exponentially increased. Yet, questions around how to manage such changes remain elusive in family therapy literature. In this investigation, we conducted a content analysis to determine to what extent marriage/couple and family therapy (M/CFT) journals have responded to the integration of the Internet in couple and family life. We found 79 of 13,274 articles across seventeen journals focused on the Internet in some capacity. Implications for clinical practice, training, and future research are discussed.Video Abstract
Monitoring daily life activity shows less activity among female dementia patients
Authors: Iwata Atsushi , Kowa Hisatomo , Tsuji Shoji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAn objective assessment of activity levels in dementia patients during their routine daily lives could be useful when evaluating them, as questionnaires given to patients and caregivers on this subject matter are often subjective. In the present study, we tried to develop an objective method to evaluate the daily life activity of dementia patients.MethodsWe recruited six age‐matched healthy controls, 10 mild cognitive impairment patients and 14 patients with dementia. The cause of dementia was mostly Alzheimer's disease in origin; just two patients were diagnosed with dementia as a result of other causes. Participants and caregivers consented to wear an accelerometer in order to measure their daily physical activity. The Mini‐Mental State Examination Japanese version, Functional Activity Questionnaire Japanese version and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire Form Japanese version were obtained during the evaluation period. The participants were required to wear the device over a 3‐month period and for at least four waking hours per day. The device is capable of discriminating between active walking or running and ordinary household daily activities. We analyzed the total amount of exercise carried out and calorie consumption, based on the pattern of activity obtained.ResultsFemale patients with dementia showed a significant reduction in physical activity, whereas male patients did not show any decline. There was a mild correlation between physical activity and both the Mini‐Mental State Examination Japanese version and Functional Activity Questionnaire Japanese version.ConclusionThe results reflect a tendency for female dementia patients to be reluctant to carry out physical activity during their daily lives, thus highlighting the potential beneficial use of this method to evaluate dementia severity, including the therapeutic response to various interventions.
Selective impairment of race perception after bilateral damage in the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri
Authors: Koyama Shinichi , Midorikawa Akira , Suzuki Atsunobu , Hibino Haruo , Sugimoto Azusa , Futamura Akinori , Kawamura Mitsuru 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimAlthough a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study showed that the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri respond differentially to faces of the same versus different races, it is not clear whether the cortical regions are involved in perception of race. We examined whether two brain‐damaged patients with bilateral fusiform and parahippocampal lesions were able to perceive race. We also examined whether perception of race depended on perception of facial morphology, such as convex and concave surfaces.MethodsOne patient (patient S) had a focal lesion in the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri, and showed no signs of prosopagnosia. The other patient (patient O) had more extensive lesions and did show prosopagnosia. The patients and nine normal controls participated in a psychophysical race classification task using grayscale pictures and luminance‐reversed pictures.ResultsIn patient S, whose lesion was limited to the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri, the perception of race was selectively impaired. In patient O, who had more extensive lesions, race perception was also impaired. Furthermore, their race perception was especially impaired when the facial images were presented in reversed luminance.ConclusionThe present study suggests that the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri are involved in perception of race and that perception of facial surface is involved in distinguishing between races.
Understanding public stigma toward substance dependence
Authors: Janulis Patrick , Ferrari Joseph R. , Fowler Patrick 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study examined the mechanisms of stigma toward individuals diagnosed with substance‐related disorders. The applicability of a mental health model of stigma extended to substance dependence was tested. Undergraduates completed a modified version of stigma questionnaires previously used to measure mental health stigma models. Questionnaires captured familiarity, perceived dangerousness, fear, and desired social distance toward individuals dependent to alcohol, marijuana, and heroin. Path analysis assessed the direct and indirect effects within this theoretical model for each substance. For marijuana and heroin, path models suggested that familiarity indirectly predicted desired social distance through perceived dangerousness and fear. For alcohol, familiarity did not indirectly or directly predict desired social distance. Implications for applying mental health models to substance disorder stigma are discussed.
Experimental manipulations to reduce the negative effects of money
Authors: Yam Kai Chi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPeople generally consider money a necessary evil because it invokes dual effects. On one hand, it increases people's productivity and performance, but it also decreases people's sensitivity to others. I conducted three experimental studies with an attempt to reduce the negative effects of money. Results indicated that when money was framed as a social incentive, its negative effect was attenuated and people exerted more helping behavior in both hypothetical and real‐life scenarios. However, when a social incentive was framed in monetary terms, the negative effect of money prevailed in hypothetical but not in real‐life scenarios. Results suggested that money itself is not the root of evil or good, but rather its effects are influenced by our perceptions of its role.
Parents' perceptions of their child's academic competencies construe their educational reality: Findings from a 9‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Räty Hannu , Kasanen Kati 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAcademically and vocationally educated parents were asked to assess their child's academic competencies and motivation when the child was in preschool, then every 2 years till the end of the child's comprehensive school. It was found that the initial increasing trend in the parental attributions of competence stabilized and even turned downwards and that the education‐ and gender‐bound differences in the attributions, already manifest at the preschool stage, were still in evidence and had got more varied forms. It is suggested that parental perceptions of competencies are activated in a socially structured field of meanings and that highly educated parents construe their educational reality in terms of the social representation of natural giftedness.
Mechanotransduction at focal adhesions: from physiology to cancer development
Authors: Seong Jihye , Wang Ning , Wang Yingxiao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLiving cells are continuously exposed to mechanical cues, and can translate these signals into biochemical information (e.g. mechanotransduction). This process is crucial in many normal cellular functions, e.g. cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival, as well as the progression of diseases such as cancer. Focal adhesions are the major sites of interactions between extracellular mechanical environments and intracellular biochemical signalling molecules/cytoskeleton, and hence focal adhesion proteins have been suggested to play important roles in mechanotransduction. Here, we overview the current molecular understanding in mechanotransduction occurring at focal adhesions. We also introduce recent studies on how extracellular matrix and mechanical microenvironments contribute to the development of cancer.
Non‐surgical periodontal treatment reduces cardiovascular risk in refractory hypertensive patients: a pilot study
Authors: Vidal Fábio , Cordovil Ivan , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo Silva , Fischer Ricardo Guimarães 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on left ventricular mass (LVM), arterial stiffness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma levels of inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and interleukin‐6) in refractory hypertension patients.Material and MethodsThis interventional prospective cohort pilot study included 26 patients (53.6 ± 8.0 years old) diagnosed with refractory hypertension and generalized chronic periodontitis. Subjects received non‐surgical periodontal treatment according to their needs. Plasma levels of systemic inflammation (CRP; fibrinogen and interleukin‐6) and established cardiovascular risk factors [systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), left ventricular mass (LVM) and arterial stiffness] were assessed at three time points (baseline, 3 months after baseline and 6 months after periodontal therapy).ResultsPeriodontal therapy significantly reduced all cardiovascular risk markers evaluated. Median values of SBP and DBP were reduced by 12.5 mmHg and 10.0 mmHg, respectively, whereas left ventricular mass (LVM) reduced by 12.9 g and pulse wave velocity reduced by 0.9 m/s (p < 0.01). Levels of CRP, IL‐6 and fibrinogen lowered by 0.5 mg/dl, 1.4 pg/dl and 37.5 mg/dl (p < 0.01), respectively, 6 months after periodontal therapy.ConclusionsPeriodontal therapy significantly reduced levels of CRP, IL‐6, fibrinogen, blood pressure, LVM and arterial stiffness, lowering cardiovascular risk in refractory hypertensive patients.