bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Order, Order Everywhere, and Only an Agent to Think: The Cognitive Compulsion to Infer Intentional Agents
Authors: Keil Frank C. , Newman George E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeveral studies demonstrate that an intuitive link between agents and order emerges within the first year of life. This appreciation seems importantly related to similar forms of inference, such as the Argument from Design. We suggest, however, that infants and young children may be more accurate in their tendencies to infer agents from order than older children and adults, who often infer intentional agents when there are none. Thus, the earliest inferences about intentional agents based on order may be quite accurate and resistant to non‐intentional foils, but with further cognitive development and overgeneralization, links between order and agents may emerge that, with the right socio‐cultural prompts, can lead to the Argument from Design.
Emotion Recognition as Pattern Recognition: The Relevance of Perception
Authors: Newen Albert , Welpinghus Anna , Juckel Georg 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe develop a version of a direct perception account of emotion recognition on the basis of a metaphysical claim that emotions are individuated as patterns of characteristic features. On our account, emotion recognition relies on the same type of pattern recognition as is described for object recognition. The analogy allows us to distinguish two forms of directly perceiving emotions, namely perceiving an emotion in the (near) absence of any top‐down processes, and perceiving an emotion in a way that significantly involves some top‐down processes (including expectations and background knowledge); and, in addition, an inference‐based evaluation of an emotion. Our model clarifies the epistemology of emotion recognition.
Differential regulation of toxoflavin production and its role in the enhanced virulence of Burkholderia gladioli
Authors: Lee Jongyun , Park Jungwook , Kim Sunyoung , Park Inmyoung , Seo Young‐Su 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBurkholderia gladioli is a causal agent of bacterial panicle blight and sheath/grain browning in rice in many countries. Many strains produce the yellow pigment toxoflavin, which is highly toxic to plants, fungi, animals and microorganisms. Although there have been several studies on the toxoflavin biosynthesis system of B. glumae, it is still unclear how B. gladioli activates toxoflavin biosynthesis. In this study, we explored the genomic organization of the toxoflavin system of B. gladioli and its biological functions using comparative genomic analysis between toxoflavin‐producing strains (B. glumae BGR1 and B. gladioli BSR3) and a strain not producing toxoflavin (B. gladioli KACC11889). The latter exhibits normal physiological characteristics similar to other B. gladioli strains. Burkholderia gladioli KACC11889 possesses all the genes involved in toxoflavin biosynthesis, but lacks the quorum‐sensing (QS) system that functions as an on/off switch for toxoflavin biosynthesis. These data suggest that B. gladioli has evolved to use the QS signalling cascade of toxoflavin production (TofI/TofR of QS → ToxJ or ToxR → tox operons) similar to that in B. glumae. However, some strains may have evolved to eliminate toxoflavin production through deletion of the QS genes. In addition, we demonstrate that the toxoflavin biosynthetic system enhances the virulence of B. gladioli. These findings provide another line of evidence supporting the differential regulation of the toxoflavin system in Burkholderia strains.
Extrapolating multi‐decadal plant community changes based on medium‐term experiments can be risky: evidence from high‐latitude tundra
Authors: Saccone Patrick , Virtanen Risto 
Published: April 2015

For most experimental studies the short‐term responses to manipulation often differ from the long‐term changes in the community composition, dynamics or functioning. Such discrepancy limits the translation of experimental results into key ecological topics such as global environmental change.Here we analyzed plant community dynamics from a 23‐year transplant experiment in the Fennoscandian mountain tundra and explored how well the pattern of responses over the first 12 years of the experiment can predict longer‐term changes. Sod‐blocks of tundra heath vegetation were transplanted to a snowbed 150 m higher in elevation from their origin, where, with contrasting levels of soil wetness, half of the transplants were protected from mammalian herbivores. Throughout the experiment, community changes strongly depended on both plant functional types and experimental treatments. The first 12 years were characterized by a response to transplantation to the snowbed showing a strong increase of graminoid and a decrease of shrub abundances in the transplants. In the longer term, the community divergence increased in particular in response to grazing and soil wetness within the snowbed, while graminoid dominance disappeared. Markov chain models captured the main trends during the first 12 years but they failed to predict their relative abundance after 23 years. In particular, the late dominance of bryophytes in the wet snowbed, the recovery of shrubs in the dry exclosures, and the subordinate status of graminoids deviated from the extrapolation based on the medium‐term trends.Despite clear community dynamical trajectories detected in the first decade, the differences in the temporal scale of both treatment effects and plant functional type responses limited their ability to extrapolate longer‐term trajectories. We find that increasing focus on long‐term experiments is a crucial step to understanding the processes involved in the response of plant communities to global environmental change.
Development of a nurse‐assisted preanesthesia evaluation program for pediatric outpatient anesthesia
Authors: Wittkugel Eric , Varughese Anna 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundHistorically, anesthesiologists have conducted preanesthesia evaluation, but more recently, nurse practitioners (NPs) are increasingly assisting with the preanesthesia evaluation of children. In the current economic environment for healthcare, strategies to provide superior outcomes and exceptional patient experience at the lowest possible cost are constantly being explored. We examined whether well trained nurses, working alongside NPs, could safely and effectively assist in preanesthesia evaluation. The aim of this quality improvement project was to implement a new model for preanesthesia evaluation for healthy outpatient pediatric patients: nurse‐assisted preanesthesia evaluation (NAPE).MethodsUsing quality improvement methods, Key Driver Diagrams and SMART aims gave direction for the training and clinical implementation of this new process. Using small tests of change and Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles, we developed a training process and a stepwise process to integrate them into the clinical work flow. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of the total preanesthesia evaluations in which the Anesthesia Nurses assisted. To ensure quality and safety, data on balancing measures and quality metrics were collected.ResultsThe weekly percentage of outpatients evaluated by Anesthesia Nurses increased from 0% to 55% within the first 4 months and was then sustained. The remaining patients were evaluated by the Anesthesia NPs. The balancing measures did not show any significant negative effect. Our perioperative quality metrics were also not changed significantly.ConclusionUsing quality improvement methods, we successfully improved the utilization of staff resources by adding an Anesthesia Nurse‐assisted preanesthesia evaluation program alongside our NPs to provide outstanding preanesthesia care at the lowest possible cost.
A Hierarchical Latent Class Model for Predicting Disability Small Area Counts from Survey Data
Authors: Fabrizi Enrico , Montanari Giorgio E. , Giovanna Ranalli M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe consider the estimation of the number of severely disabled people by using data from the Italian survey on ‘Health conditions and appeal to Medicare’. In this survey, disability is indirectly measured by using a set of categorical items, which consider a set of functions concerning the ability of a person to accomplish everyday tasks. Latent class models can be employed to classify the population according to different levels of a latent variable connected with disability. The survey is designed to provide reliable estimates at the level of administrative regions (‘Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques’, level 2), whereas local authorities are interested in quantifying the number of people who belong to each latent class at a subregional level. Therefore, small area estimation techniques should be used. The challenge is that the variable of interest is not observed. Adopting a full Bayesian approach, we base small area estimation on a latent class model in which the probability of belonging to each latent class changes with covariates and the influence of age is learnt from the data by using penalized splines. Demmler–Reinsch bases are shown to improve speed and mixing of Markov chain Monte Carlo chains used to simulate posteriors.
Progressive outer retinal necrosis in a renal transplant recipient: a rare treatment success
Authors: Chan G.C.W. , Yap D.Y.H. , Kwan L.P.Y. , Chan J.F.W. , Iu L.P. , Wong I.Y. , Tang S.C.W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRenal transplant recipients (RTRs) are subject to a variety of opportunistic infections. We present a rare case of varicella zoster virus‐derived progressive outer retinal necrosis in an RTR, who presented with painless visual blurring. This clinical entity heralds an extremely poor visual prognosis and is an important condition to consider in any immunocompromised host. Early diagnosis by aqueous fluid sampling and immediate institution of combined systemic and intravitreal antiviral therapy was successful in this individual.
Candida arteritis in kidney transplant recipients: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dębska‐Ślizień A. , Chrobak Ł. , Bzoma B. , Perkowska A. , Zadrożny D. , Chamienia A. , Kostro J. , Milecka A. , Bronk M. , Śledziński Z. , Rutkowski B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMulti‐organ procurement is a risk factor for contamination of preservation fluid with intestinal flora including fungi (e.g., Candida). Transmission of fungal species to the graft vessel can cause mycotic arteritis. This is a very rare but life‐threatening complication of renal transplantation. We present 2 cases of renal transplant recipients from the same multi‐organ donor. Both recipients suffered from severe hemorrhages from renal graft anastomosis and renal artery pseudoaneurysm due to Candida albicans arteritis (CAA). The culture of the preservation fluid revealed growth of Escherichia coli, but neither preservation fluid nor multiple routine blood cultures performed before hemorrhagic complications revealed fungal growth (media non‐selective for fungal growth were applied). The first recipient suffered from sudden severe hemorrhage in the area of graft anastomosis on day 10 post surgery (without any preceding clinical or radiological symptoms). This led to urgent surgery and graftectomy, which was complicated by cardio‐respiratory arrest with resuscitation in the operating room; despite resuscitation, irreversible brain damage, and subsequent death occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU) 2 weeks later (on day 24 after transplantation). The second patient underwent urgent vascular surgery on day 22 (after transplantation), because of hemorrhage from a pseudoaneurysm of the graft artery. She required repeated vascular operations, extended antimicrobial and antifungal therapy, and ICU monitoring and, despite these interventions, she died on day 80 after transplantation as a result of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. Arteritis of the renal artery in both patients was caused by C. albicans. This was confirmed by histopathology: infiltration of renal artery with budding yeast forming pseudohyphae (Case 1), and the presence of C. albicans in the culture of the renal artery and surrounding tissue (Case 2). We conclude that organ preservation solution should be cultured with use of media selective for fungal growth. As soon as the positive culture is detected, appropriate measures protecting patients against CAA should be undertaken.
MGF enhances tenocyte invasion through MMP‐2 activity via the FAK‐ERK1/2 pathway
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Luo Qing , Sun Jinghui , Xu Baiyao , Ju Yang , Yang Li , Song Guanbin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTendon regeneration and healing requires tenocytes to move to the repair site followed by proliferation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. A novel synthetic growth factor, mechano‐growth factor (MGF), has been discovered to have positive roles in tissue repair through the improvement of cell proliferation and migration and the protection of cells against injury‐induced apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether MGF has the potential to accelerate tendon repair. In this study, using a transwell system, we found that MGF‐C25E (a synthetic mechano‐growth factor E peptide) significantly promotes tenocyte invasion, which was accompanied by the increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) as well as the increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2). The MMP‐2 inhibitor OA‐Hy blocked MGF‐C25E‐promoted tenocyte invasion. Inhibitors of FAK or ERK1/2 blocked MGF‐C25E‐promoted tenocyte invasion and MMP‐2 activity as well. These results indicate that MGF‐C25E promotes tenocyte invasion by increasing MMP‐2 activity via the FAK‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that MGF‐C25E enhances tenocyte invasion and indicate that it may serve as a potential repair material for promoting the healing and regeneration of injured tendons.
Negative pressure wound therapy technologies for chronic wound care in the home setting: A systematic review
Authors: Rhee Susan M. , Valle M. Frances , Wilson Lisa M. , Lazarus Gerald , Zenilman Jonathan M. , Robinson Karen A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is increasing in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. We conducted a systematic review on the efficacy and safety of NPWT for the treatment of chronic wounds in the home setting. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, up to June 2014. Two independent reviewers screened search results. Seven studies met our criteria for inclusion. Six of the studies compared NPWT devices to other wound care methods and one study compared two different NPWT technologies. Data were limited by variability in the types of comparator groups, methodological limitations, and poor reporting of outcomes. We were unable to draw conclusions about the efficacy or safety of NPWT for the treatment of chronic wounds in the home setting due to the insufficient evidence. Consensus is needed on the methods of conducting and reporting wound care research so that future studies are able inform decisions about the use of NPWT in the home environment for chronic wounds.
Triple Bottom Line and Sustainability: A Literature Review
Authors: Alhaddi Hanan 
Published: April 2015

Triple bottom line (TBL) and sustainability are two related constructs that are used interchangeably in the literature. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature was conducted and revealed an inconsistent use of the term sustainability. On the other hand, consistency in terms of referring to the three lines simultaneously is built into the structure of TBL as the construct is explicitly based on the integration of the social, environmental, and economic lines. The purpose of this paper is not to support an argument that favors the use of one term over the other, but to provide an overview of the presence of both terms in the literature. In light of that, researchers in the business, management, and sustainability fields are encouraged to pay particular attention to how they use these terms in their studies.
Membrane glucocorticoid receptors are localised in the extracellular matrix and signal through the MAPK pathway in mammalian skeletal muscle fibres
Authors: Boncompagni Simona , Arthurton Lewis , Akujuru Eugene , Pearson Timothy , Steverding Dietmar , Protasi Feliciano , Mutungi Gabriel 
Published: April 2015

Key points
Many studies have previously suggested the existence of stress hormone receptors on the cell membrane of many cell types, including skeletal muscle fibres; however, the exact localisation of these receptors and how they signal to the rest of the cell is poorly understood.
In this study, we investigated the localisation and the mechanism(s) underlying the physiological functions of these receptors in mouse skeletal muscle cells.
We found that the receptors were present throughout muscle development and that, in adult muscle fibres, they were localised in the extracellular matrix, satellite cells (muscle stem cells) and close to mitochondria.
We also found that they signalled to the rest of the cell by activating enzymes called mitogen‐activated protein kinases.
From these results we suggest that, at physiological concentrations, stress hormones may be important in skeletal muscle differentiation, repair and regeneration.
AbstractA number of studies have previously proposed the existence of glucocorticoid receptors on the plasma membrane of many cell types, including skeletal muscle fibres. However, their exact localisation and the cellular signalling pathway(s) they utilise to communicate with the rest of the cell are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the localisation and the mechanism(s) underlying the non‐genomic physiological functions of these receptors in mouse skeletal muscle cells. The results show that the receptors were localised in the cytoplasm in myoblasts, in the nucleus in myotubes, in the extracellular matrix, in satellite cells and in the proximity of mitochondria in adult muscle fibres. Also, they bound laminin in a glucocorticoid‐dependent manner. Treating small skeletal muscle fibre bundles with the synthetic glucocorticoid beclomethasone dipropionate increased the phosphorylation (= activation) of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. This occurred within 5 min and depended on the fibre type and the duration of the treatment. It was also abolished by the glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor, mifepristone, and a monoclonal antibody against the receptor. From these results we conclude that the non‐genomic/non‐canonical physiological functions of glucocorticoids, in adult skeletal muscle fibres, are mediated by a glucocorticoid receptor localised in the extracellular matrix, in satellite cells and close to mitochondria, and involve activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway.
Impact of cardiovascular risk factors and medication use on the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning: post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sloth Astrid Drivsholm , Schmidt Michael Rahbek , Munk Kim , Schmidt Morten , Pedersen Lars , Toft Sørensen Henrik , Bøtker Hans Erik ,   CONDI Investigators
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesRemote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) promotes cardioprotection in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The effect of RIC may be modified by cardiovascular risk factors and their medications. We examined whether cardiovascular risk factors, lipid and glucose levels, and medication use influenced the efficacy of RIC in patients with STEMI treated with pPCI.DesignPost hoc subgroup analysis of a single-centre randomised controlled trial.ParticipantsA total of 139 patients with STEMI, randomised during ambulance transport to hospital for pPCI with (n=71) or without (n=68) RIC, met the trial criteria and achieved data for a myocardial salvage index (MSI).InterventionsRIC was administered through intermittent arm ischaemia with four cycles of 5 min inflation and 5 min deflation of a blood pressure cuff.Primary outcome measuresMSI, estimated by single-photon emission CT. We evaluated the efficacy of RIC on the MSI in patient subgroups of cardiovascular risk factors, lipid and glucose levels, and medication use.ResultsWe found no significant difference in the efficacy of RIC in subgroups of cardiovascular risk factors, lipid and glucose levels, and medication use. However, point estimates indicated a reduced effect of RIC among smokers (median difference in MSI between RIC and control groups: −0.02 (95% CI −0.32 to 0.28) in smokers vs 0.25 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.42) in non-smokers, p value for interaction=0.13) and an increased effect of RIC in statin users (median difference in MSI between RIC and control groups: 0.34 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.65) in statin users vs 0.09 (95% CI −0.11 to 0.29) in non-statin users, p value for interaction=0.19).ConclusionsRIC as an adjunct to pPCI seems to improve MSI in our trial population of patients with STEMI regardless of most cardiovascular risk factors and their medications. Our post hoc finding on a limited sample size calls for further investigation in large-scale multicentre trials.Trial registration numberNCT00435266.
Acupuncture for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Jinna , Liu Zhishun , Peng Weina 
Published: April 2015

IntroductionBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate commonly encountered in older men. BPH has been treated with acupuncture inside and outside China, but its effects are uncertain. This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for BPH.Methods and analysisSeven databases will be searched from their inception: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the VIP Database and Wanfang Database. Randomised controlled clinical trials using acupuncture to treat BPH will be included. Outcome measures included urological symptom scores, urodynamic measures and quality-of-life scales. Adverse events will be assessed and reported for safety evaluation. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Quality assessment (assessment of risk of bias) and data synthesis will be implemented using Review Manager (RevMan) software (V.5.2.3).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not necessary because this systematic review will not include specific patient data. Updates will be conducted if there is enough new evidence that may cause any change in review conclusions.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42014013645.