bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stages of recovery in early psychosis: Associations with symptoms, function, and narrative development
Authors: Bourdeau Geneviève , Lecomte Tania , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThis study sought to explore the links between recovery stages, symptoms, function, and narrative development among individuals with a recent onset of psychosis.DesignA qualitative longitudinal study was conducted including quantitative data at baseline.MethodsForty‐seven participants were administered the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview three times over 9 months and content analysis was performed. Participants also completed the Social Functioning Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Expanded, the California Verbal Learning Test, and the Trailing Making Test at baseline. Descriptive discriminant analysis was performed.ResultsResults suggested that participants were mostly in the first two stages of recovery (moratorium, awareness) and that being in the awareness, rather than moratorium, stage was associated, to a different extent, with richer narrative development, better levels of psychosocial function, less negative and positive symptoms, and more years of education. Furthermore, recovery appeared to be a stable process over the assessment period.ConclusionsRecovery is a complex concept including objective and subjective aspects. In the recovery path of persons recently diagnosed with psychosis, social engagement, narrative development, and occupational functioning seem to be particularly important aspects. This study is a first step, and future research is needed with larger and more diverse participant pools, and assessments conducted over longer periods of time.Practitioner points

As greater level of social engagement was the most robust predictor of membership in the awareness versus moratorium stage, treatment of early psychosis should include interventions targeting social relations and social skills.

As greater narrative development was the second most robust predictor, enhancing it via psychotherapy could be a pertinent clinical goal.
Placement of an internal–external biliary drain through a bilio‐enteric fistula in a neonate to re‐establish antegrade bile flow after liver transplantation
Authors: Parra Dimitri A. , Fecteau Annie , Connolly Bairbre L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThree‐month‐old baby girl with history of post‐liver transplant hepatic artery dissection treated with ligation after take down of the biliary anastomosis and placement of a surgical external common bile duct drain. There was persistent malfunction of this drain. A bilio‐enteric fistula was noted during the later placement of an image guided percutaneous external drain. Subsequently, an internal–external biliary drain was successfully placed through this fistula. An excellent clinical and functional result was achieved.
Comparison of thermodilution, lithium dilution, and pulse contour analysis for the measurement of cardiac output in 3 different hemodynamic states in dogs
Authors: Morgaz Juan , Granados María del Mar , Muñoz‐Rascón Pilar , Dominguez Juan Manuel , Fernández‐Sarmiento Jose Andrés , Gómez‐Villamandos Rafael J. , Navarrete Rocío 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo (1) evaluate lithium dilution (LiDCO) and transpulmonary thermodilution (PiCCOTD) in relation to traditional thermodilution (PAC‐TD) for determining cardiac output (CO) in 3 different hemodynamic states in dogs and to (2) compare the continuous CO values obtained using power analysis (PulseCO) with continuous PiCCO (PiCCOc).DesignProspective randomized study.SettingUniversity research laboratory.AnimalsFourteen healthy Beagles.InterventionsCO was measured using PAC‐TD, LiDCO, and PiCCOTD in 3 different hemodynamic states induced in random order and defined on the basis of the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Normodynamic state was defined as the baseline MAP and 1 MAC sevoflurane. The hypodynamic state was induced with a deep level of sevoflurane anesthesia. The hyperdynamic state was induced with noradrenaline. After these measurements were obtained in each hemodynamic state, CO was monitored continuously for 30 min using PulseCO and PiCCOc. Agreement was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients, and a trend score was determined for the continuous CO measurements.Measurements and Main ResultsThere was good agreement among the 3 modalities of CO measurement in each hemodynamic state. The mean CIPAC‐TD/CIPICCOTD bias was −0.04 ± 1.19 L/min/m2 (limits of agreement, −2.37/1.93 L/min/m2), and the mean CIPAC‐TD/CILiDCO bias was −0.11 ± 1.55 L/min/m2 (limits of agreement, −3.04/2.93 L/min/m2). The mean CIPulseCO‐CIPiCCOc bias was −0.04 ± 1.91 L/min/m2 (limits of agreement, −1.95/1.87 L/min/m2), which suggested good agreement. The CIPulseCO‐CIPiCCOc trend score, calculated from 252 paired comparisons, was 93.3% positive after zone exclusion (∆CI < 15%).ConclusionsBoth LiDCO and PiCCOTD agreed well with PAC‐TD for the measurement of CO under different hemodynamic conditions. Moreover, PiCCOc appears to be an accurate method for monitoring continuous CO in dogs as its performance for measurement was similar to that of PulseCO.
Transdermal uptake and organ distribution of silver from two different wound dressings in rats after a burn trauma
Authors: Pfurtscheller Klaus , Petnehazy Thomas , Goessler Walter , Bubalo Vladimir , Kamolz Lars‐Peter , Trop Marija 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSilver‐containing wound dressings are an integral part of wound therapy in adult and pediatric burn patients. The antimicrobial effect of silver is well known and has been described in numerous studies. Side effects are rarely reported from silver‐containing wound care products, even though systemic absorption of silver has been shown by elevated levels of silver in the blood of patients after silver exposure during wound therapy. This animal study investigated the silver levels of blood and in which organs and tissues silver is detectable after long‐term application of silver‐containing wound dressings after a burn trauma. In male rats, a major full‐thickness scald was created on their backs according to a standardized burn model. Two different silver‐containing wound dressings (nanocrystalline silver [NCS] and silver sulphate foam [SSF]) were applied initially and changed every 7 days. Weekly blood drawings revealed an increase of blood silver in week three with significant higher values in the SSF compared with NCS group (Ag μg/kg 135.8 vs. 61.7; means; p ≤ 0.05). Thereafter, the NCS group showed significantly higher blood silver levels than the SSF group at week five (Ag μg/kg 192.3 vs. 81.3; means; p ≤ 0.01) and six (Ag μg/kg 168.2 vs. 32.9; means; p ≤ 0.01). After 6 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the organs and tissues were analyzed for their silver content by inductively coupled plasma mass‐spectrometry. Silver was detectable in all analyzed organs and tissue samples, with higher silver values in parenchymatous organs in the NCS than SSF group (Ag μg/kg; spleen: 3,469 vs. 260; kidney: 3,186 vs. 289; liver: 2,022 vs. 313; means; p ≤ 0.05). Silver was also detectable in brain, testis, lung, heart, and muscle tissue.
An arithmetic Hilbert–Samuel theorem for singular hermitian line bundles and cusp forms
Authors: Berman Robert J. , Freixas i Montplet Gerard 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe prove arithmetic Hilbert–Samuel type theorems for semi-positive singular hermitian line bundles of finite height. This includes the log-singular metrics of Burgos–Kramer–Kühn. The results apply in particular to line bundles of modular forms on some non-compact Shimura varieties. As an example, we treat the case of Hilbert modular surfaces, establishing an arithmetic analogue of the classical result expressing the dimensions of spaces of cusp forms in terms of special values of Dedekind zeta functions.
In Vitro
Combination of Isavuconazole with Micafungin or Amphotericin B Deoxycholate against Medically Important Molds
Authors: Katragkou Aspasia , McCarthy Matthew , Meletiadis Joseph , Petraitis Vidmantas , Moradi Patriss W. , Strauss Gittel E. , Fouant Monique M. , Kovanda Laura L. , Petraitiene Ruta , Roilides Emmanuel , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Whether isavuconazole, an extended-spectrum triazole, possesses synergistic activity in combination therapy with echinocandins or amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive molds infections has not been studied. Our
in vitro
combination studies showed that isavuconazole and micafungin are synergistically active against
Aspergillus fumigatus
,
Aspergillus flavus
,
Aspergillus terreus
, and
Cunninghamella bertholletiae
. These results suggest that isavuconazole, in combination with micafungin, may have a role in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and warrants further investigation.
Effects of Tenofovir on Cytokines and Nucleotidases in HIV-1 Target Cells and the Mucosal Tissue Environment in the Female Reproductive Tract
Authors: Biswas Nabanita , Rodriguez-Garcia Marta , Shen Zheng , Crist Sarah G. , Bodwell Jack E. , Fahey John V. , Wira Charles R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Tenofovir (TFV) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in microbicide preexposure prophylaxis trials to prevent HIV infection. Recognizing that changes in cytokine/chemokine secretion and nucleotidase biological activity can influence female reproductive tract (FRT) immune protection against HIV infection, we tested the hypothesis that TFV regulates immune protection in the FRT. Epithelial cells, fibroblasts, CD4
+
T cells, and CD14
+
cells were isolated from the endometrium (Em), endocervix (Cx), and ectocervix (Ecx) following hysterectomy. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 3α [MIP-3α], interleukin 8 [IL-8], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), the expression levels of specific nucleotidases, and nucleotidase biological activities were analyzed in the presence or absence of TFV. TFV influenced mRNA and/or protein cytokines and nucleotidases in a cell- and site-specific manner. TFV significantly enhanced IL-8 and TNF-α secretion by epithelial cells from the Em and Ecx but not from the Cx. In contrast, in response to TFV, IL-8 secretion was significantly decreased in Em and Cx fibroblasts but increased with fibroblasts from the Ecx. When incubated with CD4
+
T cells from the FRT, TFV increased IL-8 (Em and Ecx) and TNF-α (Cx and Ecx) secretion levels. Moreover, when incubated with Em CD14
+
cells, TFV significantly increased MIP-3α, IL-8, and TNF-α secretion levels relative to those of the controls. In contrast, nucleotidase biological activities were significantly decreased by TFV in epithelial (Cx) and CD4
+
T cells (Em) but increased in fibroblasts (Em). Our findings indicate that TFV modulates proinflammatory cytokines, nucleotidase gene expression, and nucleotidase biological activity in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, CD4
+
T cells, and CD14
+
cells at distinct sites within the FRT.
Use of Microdosing and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry To Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Linearity of a Novel Tricyclic GyrB/ParE Inhibitor in Rats
Authors: Malfatti Michael A. , Lao Victoria , Ramos Courtney L. , Ong Voon S. , Turteltaub Kenneth W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Determining the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of drug candidates is essential for understanding their biological fate. The ability to obtain human PK information early in the drug development process can help determine if future development is warranted. Microdosing was developed to assess human PKs, at ultra-low doses, early in the drug development process. Microdosing has also been used in animals to confirm PK linearity across subpharmacological and pharmacological dose ranges. The current study assessed the PKs of a novel antimicrobial preclinical drug candidate (GP-4) in rats as a step toward human microdosing studies. Dose proportionality was determined at 3 proposed therapeutic doses (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg of body weight), and PK linearity between a microdose and a pharmacological dose was assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma PKs over the 3 pharmacological doses were proportional. Over the 10-fold dose range, the maximum concentration in plasma and area under the curve (AUC) increased 9.5- and 15.8-fold, respectively. PKs from rats dosed with a
14
C-labeled microdose versus a
14
C-labeled pharmacological dose displayed dose linearity. In the animals receiving a microdose and the therapeutically dosed animals, the AUCs from time zero to infinity were 2.6 ng · h/ml and 1,336 ng · h/ml, respectively, and the terminal half-lives were 5.6 h and 1.4 h, respectively. When the AUC values were normalized to a dose of 1.0 mg/kg, the AUC values were 277.5 ng · h/ml for the microdose and 418.2 ng · h/ml for the pharmacological dose. This 1.5-fold difference in AUC following a 300-fold difference in dose is considered linear across the dose range. On the basis of the results, the PKs from the microdosed animals were considered to be predictive of the PKs from the therapeutically dosed animals.
Molecular Features of Community-Associated Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains in the United States
Authors: Hu Fupin , O'Hara Jessica A. , Rivera Jesabel I. , Doi Yohei 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

We characterized 30 community-associated extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
isolates collected from five hospitals in the United States. Nineteen sequence types were identified. All sequence type 131 (ST131) isolates had the
fimH
30 allele. IncFII-FIA-FIB was the most common replicon type among the
bla
CTX-M
-carrying plasmids, followed by IncFII-FIA and IncA/C. Restriction analysis of the IncFII-FIA-FIB and IncFII-FIA plasmids yielded related profiles for plasmids originating from different hospitals. The plasmids containing
bla
CTX-M
or
bla
SHV
were stably maintained after serial passages.
Tedizolid Population Pharmacokinetics, Exposure Response, and Target Attainment
Authors: Flanagan S. , Passarell J. , Lu Q. , Fiedler-Kelly J. , Ludwig E. , Prokocimer P. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Tedizolid phosphate is a novel antibacterial prodrug that is rapidly and extensively converted to its active moiety, tedizolid. We developed a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model for tedizolid using pooled data from seven densely and sparsely sampled clinical trials evaluating oral and intravenous tedizolid. Model-derived exposure estimates were evaluated for relationships to select efficacy and safety outcomes. A two-compartment model with sigmoidal absorption, absolute bioavailability, and linear elimination described the PK data well. Variability was small (clearance, 31% coefficient of variation; volume, 13.4% coefficient of variation), and absolute bioavailability was high (86%). No clinically significant covariate effects on tedizolid PK were found. Based on phase 3 data evaluating 200-mg once-daily tedizolid for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI), no relationships were seen between various efficacy outcomes and estimated tedizolid exposure; the estimated exposure range (free-drug area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h at steady state [AUC
ss(0–24)
], 7 to 50 μg · h/ml) in these patients was modest. Safety data modeling, using once-daily doses of up to 400 mg, showed a small increase in the probability of an adverse event with increasing model-estimated tedizolid exposure; no such relationship was observed when specifically evaluating the 200-mg dose. There were no trends in neutrophil or platelet counts with increasing tedizolid exposure. Target attainment simulations for 200-mg tedizolid indicated a 98.31% probability of attaining the target measure (AUC for the free, unbound fraction of a drug [
f
AUC]/MIC = 3) against a
Staphylococcus aureus
strain for which the MIC was ≤0.5 μg/ml. These findings support 200-mg tedizolid once daily as the optimum dose for treatment of ABSSSI.
Acquisition and Evolution of SXT-R391 Integrative Conjugative Elements in the Seventh-Pandemic Vibrio cholerae Lineage
Authors: Spagnoletti Matteo , Ceccarelli Daniela , Rieux Adrien , Fondi Marco , Taviani Elisa , Fani Renato , Colombo Mauro M. , Colwell Rita R. , Balloux François 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

SXT-R391 Integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) are self-transmissible mobile genetic elements able to confer multidrug resistance and other adaptive features to bacterial hosts, including
Vibrio cholerae
, the causative agent of cholera. ICEs are arranged in a mosaic genetic structure composed of a conserved backbone interspersed with variable DNA clusters located in conserved hot spots. In this study, we investigated ICE acquisition and subsequent microevolution in pandemic
V. cholerae
. Ninety-six ICEs were retrieved from publicly available sequence databases from
V. cholerae
clinical strains and were compared to a set of reference ICEs. Comparative genomics highlighted the existence of five main ICE groups with a distinct genetic makeup, exemplified by ICE
Vch
Ind5, ICE
Vch
Moz10, SXT, ICE
Vch
Ind6, and ICE
Vch
Ban11. ICE
Vch
Ind5 (the most frequent element, represented by 70 of 96 elements analyzed) displayed no sequence rearrangements and was characterized by 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP analysis revealed that recent inter-ICE homologous recombination between ICE
Vch
Ind5 and other ICEs circulating in gammaproteobacteria generated ICE
Vch
Moz10, ICE
Vch
Ind6, and ICE
Vch
Ban11. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicated that ICE
Vch
Ind5 and SXT were independently acquired by the current pandemic
V. cholerae
O1 and O139 lineages, respectively, within a period of only a few years.

IMPORTANCE
SXT-R391 ICEs have been recognized as key vectors of antibiotic resistance in the seventh-pandemic lineage of
V. cholerae
, which remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity on a global scale. ICEs were acquired only recently in this clade and are acknowledged to be major contributors to horizontal gene transfer and the acquisition of new traits in bacterial species. We have reconstructed the temporal dynamics of SXT-R391 ICE acquisition and spread and have identified subsequent recombination events generating significant diversity in ICEs currently circulating among
V. cholerae
clinical strains. Our results showed that acquisition of SXT-R391 ICEs provided the
V. cholerae
seventh-pandemic lineage not only with a multidrug resistance phenotype but also with a powerful molecular tool for rapidly accessing the pan-genome of a large number of gammaproteobacteria.
Quality of life in relation to the traffic pollution indicators NO2and NOx: results from the Swedish GA2LEN survey
Authors: Sommar Johan Nilsson , Ek Alexandra , Middelveld Roelinde , Bjerg Anders , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Janson Christer , Forsberg Bertil 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic disease that may affect daily activities and quality of life. Asthmatics have higher incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma is associated with sinonasal inflammation and nasal symptoms, that all impair quality of life. Worsening of asthma has been found associated with levels of nitrogen dioxide as traffic indicator.AimsThe aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of traffic pollution indicated by nitrogen oxides (NO2and NOx) on quality of life in asthmatic persons, individuals with CRS and controls.MethodsWithin the Swedish Ga2len (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network), 605 asthmatics with and without CRS, 110 individuals with CRS only and 226 controls from four cities were surveyed. The mini Asthma Quality of life Questionnaire (mAQLQ) and the Euro Quality of Life (EQ-5D) health questionnaire were used. Air pollution concentrations at the home address were modelled using dispersion models.ResultsLevels of NO2(geometric mean 10.1 μg/m3(95% CI 9.80 to 10.5) and NOx(12.1 μg/m3, 11.7 to 12.6) were similar among conditions (controls, asthmatics, individuals with CRS and asthmatics with CRS). The mAQLQ overall score was not found associated with levels of NO2or NOx, with or without adjustments, and neither was scores within each of the four domains of mAQLQ: symptoms, activity limitations, emotional functions and effects of environmental stimuli. The mean EQ-5D index value, based on the five dimensions mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety depression, was also found unrelated to NO2and NOx.ConclusionsAt moderate exposure levels traffic pollution appears not to affect quality of life.
Turkish Airlines: Fast Growing Star of Skies
Authors: Günerergin Mert , Günay Gonca , Çelikdemir Feride Deniz Zaptçıoğlu , Sağnak Muhittin 
Published: August 2014

Turkish Airlines was founded in 1933 as Turkey's first flight carrier under the Ministry of Defense. In 1956, it was reorganized and operated under special legislation and renamed Türk Hava Yolları A.O. Since this time, it has continuously expanded its fleet. Under successful growth strategies, Turkish Airlines had added new flight destinations and aircrafts to enhance its values. Turkish Airlines decided to join the Star Alliance on 4 August. It had been nominated “The Best Airline” in its region and received the Aircraft Finance Journal's “2008 European Deal of the Year” award for the financing of aircraft. Turkish Airlines is known for its impeccable service, flight safety and connectivity worldwide. With its global headquarters in Istanbul, it is a gateway between east and west. In recent years, Turkish Airlines had achieved 12% growth in its operating profits and 15% growth in its sales revenues. The number of aircraft grew by 4%, from 127 to 132. International routes accounted for 79% and domestic routes 21% of revenues from scheduled services. Turkish Airlines had established the Anadolu Jet brand and transported 13.4 million passengers to 119 destinations in 5 continents. Turkish Airlines had kept growing even during the economic crisis. This case examines the vision and mission of Turkish Airlines and its growth strategies. It also examines the marketing strategies used to pursue growth.
The Eoarchaean foundation of the North Atlantic Craton
Authors: Lancaster Penelope J. , Storey Craig D. , Hawkesworth Chris J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

The Archaean North Atlantic Craton underpins much of North America, Greenland and northern Europe, and incorporates the Earth's oldest extant continental crust. This paper reviews the current understanding of the region's crustal evolution, and considers our ability to investigate interrelationships between different fragments of the North Atlantic Craton. Detrital zircons from Mesoproterozoic to Cambrian basal sediments in NW Scotland have been re-examined in light of new data from the Archaean Tarbet supracrustal unit and the Palaeoproterozoic Rubha Ruadh granite. Hf model ages are recorded from 4160 to 1410 Ma, peaking at
c.
3350 Ma, and are associated with U–Pb crystallization ages from 3670 to 1070 Ma, peaking at
c.
2700 and 1700 Ma. The Rubha Ruadh granite is consistent with partial melting of Northern Region basement without contamination by juvenile magmas or supracrustal material, while the Tarbet Supracrustals record a minimum model age of
c.
3200 Ma. Each of these units records Hf model ages that imply remelting of Eoarchaean (4000–3600 Ma) crust. Similar distributions of crystallization and model ages have been identified around the North Atlantic Craton, suggesting that Eoarchaean crust was once extensive in the region and constitutes the foundation of both Scotland and the North Atlantic Craton.

Supplementary material:

All new zircon U–Pb-Hf-O data from this study are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18776
.