bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of twice‐daily budesonide foam administration on early clinical response and endoscopic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a post hoc analysis
Authors: Watanabe Kenji , Hirai Fumihito , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Takeuchi Ken , Kurosu Shinsuke , Inagaki Katsutoshi , Iwayama Ken‐ichi , Naganuma Makoto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimEarly treatment response of ulcerative colitis (UC) symptom resolution is desirable. This post hoc analysis evaluated efficacy outcomes, including endoscopic remission, by responder status and the influence of once‐daily (QD) versus twice‐daily (BID) budesonide foam dosing in patients with UC.MethodsData were pooled from phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials of budesonide rectal foam QD or BID or placebo for up to 12 weeks. Outcomes were evaluated by treatment and budesonide administration regimen and by responder group: early (rectal bleeding subscore [RBS] 0 from Week 2 through Week 6), delayed (RBS 0 at Week 6), and nonresponder (RBS > 0 at Week 6).ResultsThe main analysis set included 55 (QD) and 120 (BID) budesonide‐treated patients and 116 placebo‐treated patients. At Week 6, the trend in early response rate was significant among treatment groups (BID, 45.3%; QD, 32.1%; placebo, 12.8%; P < 0.0001). Among BID recipients, trends for complete endoscopic remission rate (Mayo endoscopic score [MES] = 0) and endoscopic remission rate (MES = 0 or 1) were significant among responder status groups (early responder, 67.4% and 95.4%, respectively; delayed responder, 48.1% and 85.2%; nonresponder, 24.0% and 64.0%; P < 0.001 for both). Regardless of the administration regimen, most early responders achieved endoscopic remission at Week 6. Among responder status groups, early responders' cumulative non‐relapse period was greatest (P = 0.07).ConclusionA BID budesonide administration regimen is preferred to increase the probability of early response and, following endoscopic remission, a better prognosis after stopping treatment.
Serological evidence of exposition to Toxoplasma gondii in Saimiri spp. kept in a research institution as biomodels in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: de Oliveira Carolina Andrade , Arruda Igor Falco , da Silva Barbosa Alynne , de Abreu Pissinatti Thalita , Langoni Helio , Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnti‐Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were investigated in 125 Saimiri spp. kept at a research institute. A total of 12% of primates tested positive, all of which were Saimiri sciureus. These results highlight the need to minimize the possibility of this protozoan's circulation, which can lead to fulminant infection in these animals.
Generic and disease‐specific self‐care instruments in older patients affected by multiple chronic conditions: A descriptive study
Authors: Maria Maddalena De , Saurini Manuela , Erba Ilaria , Vellone Ercole , Riegel Barbara , Ausili Davide , Matarese Maria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo describe and compare generic and disease‐specific self‐care measures in patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in the three dimensions of self‐care maintenance, monitoring, and management.DesignMulticentre cross‐sectional study.MethodsPatients aged 65 and over with MCCs. We used Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory to measure generic self‐care, Self‐care of Diabetes Inventory to measure self‐care in diabetes mellitus, Self‐Care of Heart Failure (HF) Index to measure self‐care in HF, and Self‐Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory to measure self‐care in chronic lung diseases.ResultsWe recruited 896 patients. Multimorbid patients with diabetes had lower scores on the self‐care maintenance scale, and diabetic patients in insulin treatment on the generic management scale than on the disease‐specific instrument. Multimorbid patients with HF or chronic lung diseases scored higher on generic self‐care maintenance and monitoring scales than disease‐specific ones. There was a partial consistency between the generic and disease‐specific self‐care maintenance and management. Inadequate behaviours were recorded in disease‐specific self‐care monitoring rather than generic ones.ConclusionsOlder patients affected by MCCs scored differently in the generic and disease‐specific instruments, showing inadequate self‐care in some of the three self‐care dimensions.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe choice between generic and disease‐specific instruments to use in clinical practice and research should be made considering the specific aims, settings, patients characteristics, and knowledge of the different performance of the instruments by users.ImpactNo study has described and compared generic and specific self‐care measures in patients affected by MCCs. Knowing these differences can help nurses choose the most suitable measure for their aims, context, and patients and plan generic and disease‐specific self‐care educational interventions for those behaviours in which MCCs patients perform poorly.Patient ContributionPatients were informed about the study, provided informed consent, and answered questionnaires through interviews.
Alterations in functional brain connectivity following treatment for restless legs syndrome: The role of symptom improvement in restoring functional connectivity
Authors: Park Kang Min , Kim Keun Tae , Lee Dong Ah , Cho Yong Won 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) remains incompletely understood. Although several studies have investigated the alterations of brain connectivity as one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of RLS, there are only few reports on functional connectivity changes after RLS treatment. Forty‐nine patients with newly diagnosed RLS and 50 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. The patients underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) at baseline, and 39 patients underwent follow‐up rs‐fMRI, 3 months after treatment with pramipexole or pregabalin. Patients were divided into good or poor medication response groups. Functional brain connectivity was analysed using rs‐fMRI and graph theoretical analysis. Significant differences in functional connectivity were observed between the RLS patients and healthy controls. The average path length, clustering coefficient, transitivity, and local efficiency were lower (2.02 vs. 2.30, p < 0.001; 0.45 vs. 0.56, p < 0.001; 3.08 vs. 4.21, p < 0.001; and 0.71 vs. 0.76, p < 0.001, respectively) and the global efficiency was higher (0.53 vs. 0.50, p < 0.001) in patients with RLS than in healthy controls. Differences in functional connectivity at the global level were also observed between post‐ and pre‐treatment RLS patients who showed a good medication response. Transitivity in the post‐treatment group was higher than that in the pre‐treatment group (3.22 vs. 3.04, p = 0.007). Global efficiency was positively correlated with RLS severity (r = 0.377, p = 0.007). This study demonstrates that RLS is associated with distinct alterations in brain connectivity, which can be partially normalised following symptom management. These findings suggest that therapeutic interventions for RLS modulate brain function, emphasising the importance of symptom‐focussed treatment in managing RLS.
TRIPS and the right to human health: A case study on Brazil's health policies and its implications
Authors: dos Reis Marcella Rocha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of intellectual property laws in Brazil, by drafting or amending laws, as a result of the Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, has been a subject of political and social debate. The ambiguity of the Agreement's effects explains the Brazilian government's reluctance to address the issue, particularly concerning public health policies, as it presents a conflict between healthcare rights and intellectual property protection. The country had utilized compulsory licensing of an antiretroviral drug for AIDS treatment under Decree No. 6,108/2007. This precedent has sparked discussions about future cases of selective incorporation of compulsory licensing as a national prerogative, aiming to ensure that the patent system upholds the country's right to protect public health and promote access to medicines, in accordance with The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement. Nevertheless, such a pattern could undermine innovation and discourage private‐sector investment and research, which is predominantly conducted by developed countries.
A manual synchronous low energy shock impedance as a predictor of successful defibrillation testing during subcutaneous ICD implantation
Authors: Calvo Naiara , López‐Perales Carlos Rubén , Olóriz Teresa , Díaz‐Cortegana Francisco , Jáuregui Beatriz , Soto Nina , Rodríguez Pilar , Santamaría Eva , Ortas M. Rosario , Asso Antonio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend defibrillation testing (DFT) during subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) implantation. Implant position, patient characteristics and device factors, such as shock impedance, influence defibrillation success. To evaluate the shock impedance, a manual synchronous 10J shock (low energy synchronous shock [LESS]) can be delivered, without the need to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF).ObjectiveTo compare LESS and DFT impedance values and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LESS impedance for predicting a successful DFT during S‐ICD implantation.MethodsConsecutive S‐ICD implantations were included. Shock impedances were compared by paired t‐tests. Univariate analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with successful DFT. A prediction model of successful DFT based on LESS impedance was assessed by logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow tests were used to evaluate the accuracy of LESS impedance.ResultsSixty patients were included (52 ± 14 years; 69% male). LESS and DFT impedance values were highly correlated (r2 = 0.97, p < .01). Patients with a failed first shock had higher body mass index (BMI) (30 ± 3 vs. 25.7 ± 4.3, p = .014), higher mean LESS (120 ± 35Ω vs. 86. ± 23Ω, p = .0013) and DFT impedance (122 ± 33Ω vs. 87 ± 24Ω, p = .0013). ROC analysis showed that LESS impedance had a good diagnostic performance in predicting a successful conversion test (AUC 84% [95% CI: 0.72–0.92]) with a cutoff value of <94Ω to identify a successful DFT (sensitivity 71%, specificity 73%).ConclusionLESS impedance values without the need to induce VF can intraoperatively predict a successful DFT.
Incorporation of Biologic Variables Into the Staging for Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumours: Proposal of the UBo pTNM System
Authors: Marconato Laura , Faroni Eugenio , Battisti Emiliano , Zaccone Riccardo , Stefanello Damiano , Sabattini Silvia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTCanine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) are currently staged based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which has remained unchanged since its initial formulation. Our study aimed to assess the reliability of a novel pTNM staging system, which incorporates tumour extent (T), lymph node involvement (N), presence of distant metastases (M) and the two‐tier histologic grade. We analysed medical records of dogs with one or more cutaneous/subcutaneous completely staged MCT, undergoing tumour excision with lymphadenectomy, unless distant metastases were present, in which cases, medical therapy was administered. Dogs were categorized into three stages: I (T1‐2N0M0), II (T1‐2N1M0) and III (distant metastases). Stages I and II were further divided based on histologic grade into ‘low’ and ‘high’. Substage b was defined as the presence of tumour diameter of ≥3 cm and/or ulceration. Of 226 dogs, 87 (38.5%) were in Stage I (I‐low, n = 75; I‐high, n = 12), 107 (47.3%) in Stage II (II‐low, n = 59; II‐high, n = 48), and 32 (14.2%) in Stage III. The newly proposed staging system was able to significantly stratify the population for both time to progression and tumour‐specific survival. Compared to Stage I‐low, the risk of progression increased significantly for Stage I‐high (18.3 times), Stage II‐low (8.5 times), Stage II‐high (41.5 times) and Stage III (110.3 times). The staging system was highly prognostic for both cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs. Prospective validation studies are essential to compare this new system with the current WHO staging and further validate its accuracy and clinical utility.
Anatomical classification of canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts based on CT angiography: A SVSTS and VIRIES multi‐institutional study in 1082 dogs
Authors: Weisse Chick , Fox‐Alvarez William Alexander , Grosso Federico R Vilaplana , Asano Kazushi , Ishigaki Kumiko , Zwingenberger Allison L , Carroll Kenneth A , Scharf Valery F , Lipscomb Victoria , Wallace Mandy L , Aly Ali , Biscoe Beth , Davidson Jacqueline R , Arai Shiori , Amato Nicole S , Ryan Stewart D , Woods Sarah , An Anjile 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCanine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) morphologies have not been fully elucidated. The goal of this retrospective, multi‐institutional study was to use CT angiography to create an anatomical‐based nomenclature system for canine congenital EHPSS. These shunt morphologies were then evaluated to identify any significant association with patient age, sex, breed, weight, or subjective portal perfusion score. Data collected respectively from the SVSTS and VIRIES list‐serves included patient DOB, sex, breed, weight, CT date, and reported diagnosis. A single author (C.W.) viewed all CT scans and classified shunts based on the shunt portal vessel(s) of origin, the shunt systemic vessel(s) of insertion, and any substantial portal vessels contributing to the shunt. Additionally, hepatic portal perfusion was subjectively scored between one (poor/none) and five (good/normal) based on the caliber of the intrahepatic portal veins. A total of 1182 CT scans were submitted from 13 different institutions. Due to exclusion criteria, 100 (8.5%) were removed, leaving 1082 CT scans to be included. Forty‐five different EHPSS anatomies were identified with five classifications accounting for 85% of all shunts (left gastric‐phrenic [27%], left gastric‐azygos [19%], left gastric‐caval [15%], aberrant left gastric‐caval with right gastric vein [12%], and aberrant left gastric‐caval with right gastric vein and short gastric vein [11%]). Shunt origin involved the left gastric vein in 95% of the described classifications. Significant differences were identified among the five most common shunt types with respect to age at the time of the CT scan (P < .001), sex (P = .009), breed (P < .001), weight (P < .001), and subjective portal perfusion score (P < .001). An anatomical classification system for canine EHPSS may enable improved understanding, treatment comparisons, and outcome prediction for these patients.
Feasibility of superimposed supine cycling and lower body negative pressure as an effective means of prolonging exercise tolerance in individuals experiencing persisting post‐concussive symptoms: Preliminary results
Authors: Javra Raelyn , Burma Joel S. , Johnson Nathan E. , Smirl Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo examine the feasibility, utility and safety of superimposed lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and tilt during supine cycling in individuals suffering from persisting post‐concussive symptoms (PPCS). Eleven individuals aged 17–31 (6 females/5 males) participated in two randomized separate visits, 1 week apart. A ramp‐incremental test was performed during both visits until volitional failure. Visits included no pressure (control) or LBNP at −40 Torr (experimental) with head‐up tilt at 15 degrees (females) or 30 degrees (males). Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was utilized to quantify middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv), while symptom reports were filled out before and 0, 10, and 60 min post‐exertion. Ratings of exertion and overall condition followed similar trends for participants across both tests. The relative increase in MCAv was blunted during the experimental condition (8%) compared to control (24%), while a greater heart rate (17 beats/min) was achieved during the LBNP condition (P = 0.047). Symptom severity at the 0 and 10 min post‐exertion time points displayed negligible‐to‐small effect sizes between conditions (Wilcoxon's r < 0.11). Symptom reporting was lower at the 60 min post‐exertion time point with these displaying a moderate effect size (Wilcoxon's r = 0.31). The combination of LBNP and tilt during supine cycling did not change the participants’ subjective interpretation of the exertional test but attenuated the hyperpnia‐induced vasodilatory MCAv response, while also enabling participants to achieve a higher heart rate during exercise and reduced symptoms 1 h later. As this protocol is safe and feasible, further research is warranted in this area for developing PPCS treatment options.
Transmembrane Domains of Bitopic Proteins as a Key to Understand the Cellular Signaling (A Review)
Authors: Polyansky A. A. , Efremov R. G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study presents in a systematic manner the key modeling results corroborated by experimental biophysical data and obtained by the authors during long-term research on bitopic (single-pass) membrane proteins (BMPs), which are the crucial elements of cell signaling. The manuscript does not claim to be a comprehensive review of the subject of interest, whereby the authors did not aim to describe accurately the current state of the art, given the numerous reliable publications. Rather, this is an essay illustrating the authors’ understanding of the basic principles of organization of protein transmembrane domains (TMDs) and of their contribution to the cell functioning. Among the key topics highlighted in the present study are the fine-tuned processes of TMD oligomerization and the direct contribution from the dynamic membrane environment to this process, as well as the key role of TMD in the functioning of cell receptors and mutual relations between all the components of proteinmembrane complexes during the signal transduction in normal and pathological conditions.
Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in prosthetic vision and simulated visual reduction
Authors: He Yingchen , Toft-Nielsen Jonathon , Legge Gordon , Montezuma Sandra R 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo quantitatively evaluate visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in prosthetic vision and simulated visual reduction.Methods and analysisFour blind patients implanted with the Argus II retinal prosthesis and seven sighted controls participated. VEPs were recorded with pattern-reversal stimuli (2 cycles of a horizontal square wave grating, 0.1 cycle/degree) at 1.07 reversals per second (rps) for Argus II subjects and 3.37 rps for controls. Argus II patients had both eyes patched, viewing the pattern solely through their implant. Controls viewed the pattern monocularly, either with their best-corrected vision or with simulated visual reduction (field restriction, added blur or reduced display contrast).ResultsVEPs recorded in Argus II patients displayed a similar shape to normal VEPs when controls viewed the pattern without simulated visual reduction. In sighted controls, adding blur significantly delayed the P100 peak time by 8.7 ms, 95% CI (0.9, 16.6). Reducing stimulus contrast to 32% and 6% of full display contrast significantly decreased P100 amplitude to 55% (37%, 82%) and 20% (13%, 31%), respectively. Restriction on the field of view had no impact on either the amplitude or the peak latency of P100.ConclusionThe early visual cortex in retinal prosthesis users remains responsive to retinal input, showing a similar response profile to that of sighted controls. Pattern-reversal VEP offers valuable insights for objectively evaluating artificial vision therapy systems (AVTSs) when selecting, fitting and training implant users, but the uncertainties in the exact timing and location of electrode stimulation must be considered when interpreting the results.
Higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object: shadow behaviour in the light of EHT observations
Authors: Nozari Kourosh , Saghafi Sara , Mohammadpour Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsideration of extra spatial dimensions is motivated by the unification of gravity with other interactions, the achievement of the ultimate framework of quantum gravity, and fundamental problems in particle physics and cosmology. Much attention has been focused on the effect of these extra dimensions on the modified theories of gravity. Analytically examining astrophysical phenomena like black hole shadows is one approach to understand how extra dimensions would affect the modified gravitational theories. The purpose of this study is to derive a higher-dimensional metric for a dark compact object in STVG theory and then examine the behaviour of the shadow shapes for this solution in STVG theory in higher dimensions. We apply the Carter method to formulate the geodesic equations and the Hamilton–Jacobi method to find photon orbits around this higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object. We investigate the effects of extra dimensions and the STVG parameter $$\alpha $$
α
on the black hole’s shadow size. Next, we compare the shadow radius of this higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object to the shadow size of the supermassive black hole M87*, which has been realized by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaborations, in order to restrict these parameters. We find that extra dimensions in the STVG theory typically lead to a reduction in the shadow size of the higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object, whereas the effect of parameter $$\alpha $$
α
on this black hole’s shadow is suppressible. Remarkably, given the constraints from EHT observations, we find that the shadow size of the four-dimensional MOG dark compact object lies in the confidence levels of the EHT data. Finally, we investigate the issue of acceleration bounds in higher-dimensional MOG dark compact object in confrontation with EHT data of M87*.
Unpacking Polycentric Climate Governance: Tracing the Evolution of Transnational Municipal Networks over Time
Authors: Kern Kristine , Eckersley Peter , Kochskämper Elisa , Haupt Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
All governance systems are polycentric to some extent in that they comprise multiple actors with varying degrees of autonomy. However, there has been limited theorization as to how we might measure polycentricity, even though this could help us unpack networks and understand governance arrangements better. We present three dimensions of governance to conceptualize degrees of polycentricity—governance of networks (internal organization and management at the network level), governance by networks (their impacts at the membership level), and governance with networks (collaboration with other actors at the system level). We then trace the evolution of three transnational municipal networks (the Climate Alliance, Covenant of Mayors, and 100 Resilient Cities/Resilient Cities Network), which are located at different positions along the polycentric–monocentric spectrum. We examine how these networks have become more or less polycentric over time and highlight trade-offs between different dimensions of polycentric governance, most notably governance of and governance by.