bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Failed Conservative Treatment for Adjacent Vertebral Fractures Following Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Huang Po-Hao , Chen Chih-Wei , Hu Ming-Hsiao , Yang Shu-Hua , Huang Chuan-Ching 
Published: July 2024

Study Design.
A retrospective, single-center, observational study.

Objective.
This study investigated the risk factors associated with the failure of conservative treatment for adjacent vertebral fractures (AVFs).

Summary of Background Data.
Adjacent vertebral fractures following vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are not uncommon. Presently, there is a lack of consensus regarding the management of adjacent vertebral fractures.

Methods.
We included patients who developed adjacent vertebral fractures within 2 years post single-level vertebroplasty between January 2013 and December 2020. All patients initially underwent 6 weeks of conservative treatment, including pain medications, bracing, and physical therapy. Surgical intervention was offered to those with intractable back pain due to AVFs. Baseline demographics, AVF characteristics, and radiologic measurements were systematically collected, and sequential univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the risk factors.

Results.
Of the 114 patients with a mean age of 78.6 years, 2-thirds (76 patients) tolerated conservative treatment well, whereas 38 required surgical interventions for adjacent vertebral fractures. Both groups demonstrated similar baseline demographics and radiologic parameters regarding AVFs (P>0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the development of AVFs later than 6 months post-vertebroplasty and their caudal location to the index vertebroplasty were the independent risk factors of unsuccessful conservative treatment, with odds ratios of 3.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–11.1, P=0.029) and 2.50 (95% CI, 1.09–5.88, P=0.032), respectively.

Conclusion.
Adjacent vertebral fractures following percutaneous vertebroplasty generally have favorable outcomes under conservative treatment. However, the timing and the relative anatomical location of adjacent vertebral fractures are associated with treatment efficacy. Adjacent vertebral fractures occurring later than 6 months following the initial vertebroplasty or situated in the caudal location to the index vertebroplasty may exhibit reduced responsiveness to conservative treatment. These patients might benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic approach.

Level of Evidence.
3
Benefits and Harms of Procalcitonin- or C-Reactive Protein-Guided Antimicrobial Discontinuation in Critically Ill Adults With Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Kubo Kenji , Sakuraya Masaaki , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Takahashi Nozomi , Kano Ken-ichi , Yoshimura Jumpei , Egi Moritoki , Kondo Yutaka 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:
In sepsis treatment, antibiotics are crucial, but overuse risks development of antibiotic resistance. Recent guidelines recommended the use of procalcitonin to guide antibiotic cessation, but solid evidence is insufficient. Recently, concerns were raised that this strategy would increase recurrence. Additionally, optimal protocol or difference from the commonly used C-reactive protein (CRP) are uncertain. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin- or CRP-guided antibiotic cessation strategies with standard of care in sepsis.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Igaku Chuo Zasshi, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platform.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials involving adults with sepsis in intensive care.

DATA EXTRACTION:
A systematic review with network meta-analyses was performed. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Developments, and Evaluation method was used to assess certainty.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Eighteen studies involving 5023 participants were included. Procalcitonin-guided and CRP-guided strategies shortened antibiotic treatment (–1.89 days [95% CI, –2.30 to –1.47], –2.56 days [95% CI, –4.21 to –0.91]) with low- to moderate-certainty evidence. In procalcitonin-guided strategies, this benefit was consistent even in subsets with shorter baseline antimicrobial duration (7–10 d) or in Sepsis-3, and more pronounced in procalcitonin cutoff of “0.5 μg/L and 80% reduction.” No benefit was observed when monitoring frequency was less than half of the initial 10 days. Procalcitonin-guided strategies lowered mortality (–27 per 1000 participants [95% CI, –45 to –7]) and this was pronounced in Sepsis-3, but CRP-guided strategies led to no difference in mortality. Recurrence did not increase significantly with either strategy (very low to low certainty).

CONCLUSIONS:
In sepsis, procalcitonin- or CRP-guided antibiotic discontinuation strategies may be beneficial and safe. In particular, the usefulness of procalcitonin guidance for current Sepsis-3, where antimicrobials are used for more than 7 days, was supported. Well-designed studies are needed focusing on monitoring protocol and recurrence.
Campbell's 1953 Book on “Manic-Depressive Disease”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The DSM-III symptomatic criteria for major depression (MD) were derived from those proposed by Feighner and colleagues in 1972, which closely resembled those published by Cassidy in 1957. I here present a counter-factual history in which Feighner carefully read a key reference in Cassidy, a large 1953 follow-up study by Campbell of depressed patients with detailed tables of depressive signs and symptoms. In this alternative timeline, the Feighner criteria for MD were modified by Campbell's results, which then changed DSM-III and subsequent MD criteria sets. The historical pathway to the current DSM MD criteria was contingent on a range of historical events and could easily have been different. This story is not meant to criticize DSM MD criteria that perform well. Rather, it suggests that these criteria represent a useful but fallible set of symptoms/signs that index but do not constitute MD and therefore are not to be reified.
The Importance of Knowledge on Dementia Risk Factors in the General Public
Authors: Meng Xiangfei , Dong Yueyang , Gao Tianbao , Su Jianping , Zhao Yanjie , Zhu Xiangning , He Meng , Zhang Tingmeng , Sun Jiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of knowledge and beliefs on beneficial behaviors and dementia risk scores. A online survey was conducted among Chinese community residents over 18 years old. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the impact of knowledge and beliefs on dementia risk scores and beneficial behaviors. The respondents were 760 adults (mean age = 47.6 years, 60.8% female). Knowledge and beliefs were associated with cognitive activities (knowledge, odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; beliefs, OR = 1.17) and dementia risk scores (knowledge, OR = 0.95; beliefs, OR = 0.82). Additionally, lower perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.72) and higher perceived benefits (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.80) were associated with lower dementia risk scores. Knowledge and beliefs can promote beneficial behaviors and reduce dementia risk. In particular, perceptions of dementia susceptibility and benefits should be enhanced, which will greatly reduce dementia risk in the general public.
Association between hip joint function and urinary incontinence for patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Bai Daisuke , Tamai Katsuya , Motomura Kaho , Tokuda Mitsunori , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
This study aims to investigate the correlation between hip joint muscle strength and symptoms of urinary incontinence (UI) among patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis (OA) before undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Materials and methods:
A total of 32 patients with end-stage hip OA, preparing for THA, were included in this research. We assessed hip muscle strength, including hip extension, hip adduction, and hip external rotation, along with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score. Patients were categorized into either an incontinence or nonincontinence group based on results from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Incontinence was indicated by a score of ≥1 for the question, “How often do you leak urine?”

Results:
Of the 32 patients, 16 (50%) in the pre-THA stage were identified with UI (incontinence group), whereas the remaining 16 (50%) patients showed no UI symptoms (nonincontinence group). Significantly better hip adduction muscle strength and Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip total score were shown in the nonincontinence group compared with the incontinence group (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, no substantial difference in muscle strength during hip extension or external rotation was detected between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
This study revealed a connection between pelvic floor function and hip joint function. The findings suggest a potential association between the strength of the hip adductor muscle and UI symptoms. As a part of preparing patients with end-stage hip OA for THA, physical therapists should consider incorporating exercises to enhance hip adductor muscle strength, which could assist in identifying and addressing UI symptoms.
Multi-dimensional oscillatory activity of mouse GnRH neurons in vivo
Authors: Han Su Young , Yeo Shel-Hwa , Kim Jae-Chang , Zhou Ziyue , Herbison Allan E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons represent the key output cells of the neural network controlling mammalian fertility. We used GCaMP fiber photometry to record the population activity of the GnRH neuron distal projections in the ventral arcuate nucleus where they merge before entering the median eminence to release GnRH into the portal vasculature. Recordings in freely behaving intact male and female mice revealed abrupt ∼8-min duration increases in activity that correlated perfectly with the appearance of a subsequent pulse of luteinizing hormone (LH). The GnRH neuron dendrons also exhibited a low level of unchanging clustered, rapidly fluctuating baseline activity in males and throughout the estrous cycle in females. In female mice, a gradual increase in basal activity that exhibited ∼80-min oscillations began in the afternoon of proestrus and lasted for 12 h. This was associated with the onset of the LH surge that ended several hours before the fall in GCaMP signal. Abrupt 8-min duration episodes of GCaMP activity continued to occur on top of the rising surge baseline before ceasing in estrus. These observations provide the first description of GnRH neuron activity in freely behaving animals. They demonstrate that three distinct patterns of oscillatory activity occur in GnRH neurons. These are comprised of low-level rapid baseline activity, abrupt 8-min duration oscillations that drive pulsatile gonadotropin secretion and, in females, a gradual and very prolonged oscillating increase in activity responsible for the preovulatory LH surge.
VICR: A Novel Software for Unbiased Video and Image Analysis in Scientific Research
Authors: Kihn Kyle , Thomas Clementine A.D. , Brelidze Tinatin I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn scientific research, objectivity and unbiased data analysis is crucial for the validity and reproducibility of outcomes. This is particularly important for studies involving video or image categorization. A common approach of decreasing the bias is delegating data analysis to researchers unfamiliar with the experimental settings. However, this requires additional personnel and is prone to cognitive biases. Here we describe the Video & Image Cutter & Randomizer (VICR) software (https://github.com/kkihnphd/VICR), designed for unbiased analysis by segmenting and then randomizing videos or still images. VICR allows a single researcher to conduct and analyze studies in a blinded manner, eliminating the bias in analysis and streamlining the research process. We describe the features of the VICR software and demonstrate its capabilities using zebrafish behavior studies. To our knowledge, VICR is the only software for the randomization of video and image segments capable of eliminating bias in data analysis in a variety of research fields.
Gut-to-brain regulation ofDrosophilaaging through neuropeptide F, insulin and juvenile hormone
Authors: Chen Jiangtian , Nouzova Marcela , Noriega Fernando G. , Tatar Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDietary restriction slows aging in many animals, while in some cases the sensory signals from diet alone are sufficient to retard or accelerate lifespan. The digestive tract is a candidate location to sense nutrients, where neuropeptides secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EEC) produce systemic signals in response to food. Here we measure howDrosophilaneuropeptide F (NPF) is secreted into adult circulation by enteroendocrine cells and find that specific enteroendocrine cells differentially respond to dietary sugar and yeast. Lifespan is increased when gut NPF is genetically depleted, and this manipulation is sufficient to blunt the longevity benefit conferred by dietary restriction. Depletion of NPF receptors at insulin producing neurons of the brain also increases lifespan, consistent with observations where loss of gut NPF decreases neuronal insulin secretion. The longevity conferred by repressing gut NPF and brain NPF receptors is reversed by treating adults with a juvenile hormone (JH) analog. JH is produced by the adultcorpora allata, and inhibition of the insulin receptor at this tissue decreases JH titer and extends lifespan, while this longevity is restored to wild type by treating adults with a JH analog. Overall, enteroendocrine cells of the gut modulate Drosophila aging through interorgan communication mediated by a gut- brain-corpora allataaxis, and insulin produced in the brain impacts lifespan through its control of JH titer. These data suggest that we should consider how human incretins and their analogs, which are used to treat obesity and diabetes, may impact aging.Significance StatementNeuropeptide F (NPF) produced in theDrosophilagut is an insulin-regulatory hormone (incretin) that is secreted into adult circulation in response to feeding and diet. Suppression of gut NPF extendsDrosophilalongevity, as does knockdown of Neuropeptide F receptors at the insulin-producing medial neurosecretory cells in the brain that control the titer of juvenile hormone. Gut hormones and brain insulin regulate lifespan because they control juvenile hormone titer, which itself is the master endocrine regulator ofDrosophilaaging. Gut NPF modulates Drosophila aging through the integration of nutrient sensing, insulin signaling and juvenile hormone. Given the role of incretin-mimetic drugs to treat diabetes and obesity, it may be time to consider how incretin analogs could impact human aging.
Impact of dosing schedules on performance of rotavirus vaccines in Ghana
Authors: Asare Ernest O. , Al-Mamun Mohammad A. , Armah George E. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Pitzer Virginia E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAvailable live-oral rotavirus vaccines are associated with low to moderate performance in low- and middle-income settings. There is limited evidence relating to how the vaccine dosing schedule might be adjusted to improve vaccine performance in these settings.MethodsWe used mathematical models fitted to rotavirus surveillance data for children <5 years of age from three different hospitals in Ghana (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi and War Memorial Hospital in Navrongo) to project the impact of rotavirus vaccination over a 10-year period (April 2012-March 2022). We quantified and compared the impact of the previous vaccination program in Ghana to the model-predicted impact for other vaccine dosing schedules across the three hospitals and the entire country, under different assumptions about vaccine protection. To project the rotavirus vaccine impact over Ghana, we sampled from the range of model parameters for Accra and Navrongo, assuming that these two settings represent the “extremes” of rotavirus epidemiology within Ghana.ResultsFor the previously implemented 6/10-week monovalent Rotarix vaccine (RV1) schedule, the model-estimated average annual incidence of moderate-to-severe rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis (RVGE) ranged between 1,151 and 3,002 per 100,000 people per year over the 10-year period for the three sites. Compared to no vaccination, the model-estimated median percentage reductions in RVGE ranged from 28-85% and 12-71% among children <1 year and <5 years of age respectively, with the highest and lowest percentage reductions predicted using model parameters estimated for Accra and Navrongo, respectively. The median predicted reductions in RVGE for the whole country ranged from 57-66% and 35-45% among children <1 year and <5 years of age, respectively. The 1/6/10- and 6/10/14-week schedules provided the best and comparable reductions in RVGE compared to the original 6/10-week schedule, whereas there was no improvement in impact for the 10/14-week schedule.ConclusionsWe found that administering an additional dose of RV1 might be an effective strategy to improve rotavirus vaccine impact, particularly in settings with low vaccine effectiveness. The results could be extrapolated to other countries using a 2-dose vaccine schedule with low to moderate vaccine performance.
Crk mediates Csk-Hippo signaling independently of Yap tyrosine phosphorylation to induce cell extrusion
Authors: Hannan Abdul , Wang Qian , Wu Yihua , Makrides Neoklis , Qu Xiuxia , Mao Junhao , Que Jianwen , Cardoso Wellington , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSrc family kinases (SFKs), including Src, Fyn and Yes, play important roles in development and cancer. Despite being first discovered as theYes-associatedprotein, the regulation of Yap by SFKs remains poorly understood. Here, through single-cell analysis and genetic lineage tracing, we show that the pan-epithelial ablation of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) in the lacrimal gland unleashes broad Src signaling but specifically causes extrusion and apoptosis of acinar progenitors at a time when they are shielded by myoepithelial cells from the basement membrane.Cskmutants can be phenocopied by constitutively activeYapand rescued by deletingYaporTaz, indicating a significant functional overlap between Src and Yap signaling. Although Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation has long been believed to regulate Yap activity, we find that mutating these tyrosine residues in bothYapandTazfails to perturb mouse development or alleviate theCsklacrimal gland phenotype. In contrast, Yap loses Hippo signaling-dependent serine phosphorylation and translocates into the nucleus inCskmutants. Further chemical genetics studies demonstrate that acute inhibition of Csk enhances Crk/CrkL phosphorylation and Rac1 activity, whereas removingCrk/CrkLorRac1/Rap1ameliorates theCskmutant phenotype. These results show that Src controls Hippo-Yap signaling through the Crk/CrkL-Rac/Rap axis to promote cell extrusion.
Upregulation of Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 and 3 is Important for Efficient Thermogenic Response in Human Adipocytes
Authors: Arianti Rini , Vinnai Boglárka Ágnes , Alrifai Rahaf , Karadsheh Gyath , Al-Khafaji Yousif Qais , Póliska Szilárd , Győry Ferenc , Fésüs László , Kristóf Endre 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrown and beige adipocytes can be activated by β-adrenergic agonist via cAMP-dependent signaling. Performing RNA-sequencing analysis in human cervical area-derived adipocytes, we found that dibutyryl-cAMP, which can mimicin vivostimulation of browning and thermogenesis, enhanced the expression of browning and batokine genes and upregulated several signaling pathway genes linked to thermogenesis. We observed that the expression of ‘Inhibitor of DNA binding and cell differentiation’ (ID) 1 and particularly ID3 was strongly induced by the adrenergic stimulation. The degradation of ID1 and ID3 elicited by the ID antagonist AGX51 during thermogenic activation prevented the induction of proton leak respiration that reflects thermogenesis and abrogated cAMP analogue-stimulated upregulation of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV subunits. The presented data suggests that ID proteins contribute to efficient thermogenic response of adipocytes during adrenergic stimulation.Graphical abstract
Read Length Dominates Phylogenetic Placement Accuracy of Ancient DNA Reads
Authors: Bettisworth Ben , Psonis Nikolaos , Poulakakis Nikos , Pavlidis Pavlos , Stamatakis Alexandros 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA common problem when analyzing ancient DNA (aDNA) data is to identify the species which corresponds to the recovered aDNA sequence(s). The standard approach is to deploy sequence similarity based tools such as BLAST. However, as aDNA reads may frequently either stem from unsampled taxa due to extinction, it is likely that there is no exact match in any database. As a consequence, these tools may not be able to accurately place such reads in a phylogenetic context. Phylogenetic placement is a technique where a read is placed onto a specific branch of a phylogenetic reference tree, which allows for a substantially finer resolution when identifying reads. Prior applications of phylogenetic placement has deployed only on data from extant sources. Therefore, it is unclear how the aDNA damage affects phylogenetic placement’s applicability to aDNA data. To investigate how aDNA damage affects placement accuracy, we re-implemented a statistical model of aDNA damage. We deploy this model, along with a modified version of the existing assessment pipeline PEWO, to 7 empirical datasets with 4 leading tools: APPLES, EPA-ng, pplacer, and RAPPAS. We explore the aDNA damage parameter space via a grid search in order to identify the aDNA damage factors that exhibit the largest impact on placement accuracy. We find that the frequency of DNA backbone nicks (and consequently read length) has the by far largest impact on aDNA read placement accuracy, and that other factors, such as misincorporations, have a negligible effect on overall placement accuracy.
Temporal changes in sleep parameters and body mass index after using the Pokémon Sleep app
Authors: Iwagami Masao , Seol Jaehoon , Yanagisawa Masashi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPokémon Sleep is a new sleep-tracking game app released in July 2023. We examined whether sleep parameters would improve with the use of the Pokémon Sleep app, and whether participants’ improvement status was associated with changes in their body mass index (BMI). We analyzed data from 2,063 volunteer Japanese participants (mean age 38.3 ± 10.7 years, female 82.1%) who used both the Pokémon Sleep and Asken (a commonly-used app in Japan to record daily BMI) for ≥90 days. During the 90 days, improvement was seen in total sleep time (TST) for 44.8% of participants, sleep latency for 18.1%, and percentage of wakefulness after sleep onset for 24.4%. BMI tended to decrease faster in participants with improved TST and sleep latency. In conclusion, the Pokémon Sleep app can improve some sleep parameters, and by association, lead to improvement in BMI.