bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From free fields to interacting SCFTs via representation theory
Authors: Buican Matthew , Jiang Hongliang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We ask when it is possible to construct arbitrary unitary multiplets of the superconformal algebra with eight Poincaré supercharges that are compatible with locality from (continuous deformations of) representations in free field theories. We answer this question in two, three, and five dimensions. In four dimensions, we resort to an intricate but self-consistent web of conjectures. If correct, these conjectures imply various new non-perturbative constraints on short multiplets in any local unitary 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theory and on an unusual set of related vertex algebras. Throughout, we connect our results with properties of deformations in the space of theories.
TRAP1 modulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α/TFAM signalling pathway in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Bruno Giuseppina , Pietrafesa Michele , Crispo Fabiana , Piscazzi Annamaria , Maddalena Francesca , Giordano Guido , Conteduca Vincenza , Garofoli Marianna , Porras Almudena , Esposito Franca , Landriscina Matteo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Metabolic rewiring promotes cancer cell adaptation to a hostile microenvironment, representing a hallmark of cancer. This process involves mitochondrial function and is mechanistically linked to the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) and mitophagy. The molecular chaperone TRAP1 is overexpressed in 60–70% of human colorectal cancers (CRC) and its over-expression correlates with poor clinical outcome, being associated with many cancer cell functions (i.e. adaptation to stress, protection from apoptosis and drug resistance, protein synthesis quality control, metabolic rewiring from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration and vice versa). Here, the potential new role of TRAP1 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics was investigated in CRC cell lines and human CRCs. Our results revealed an inverse correlation between TRAP1 and mitochondrial-encoded respiratory chain proteins both at transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, TRAP1 silencing is associated with increased mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) as well as enhanced MB through PGC-1α/TFAM signalling pathway, promoting the formation of new functioning mitochondria and, likely, underlying the metabolic shift towards oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest an involvement of TRAP1 in regulating MB process in human CRC cells.

Key messages

TRAP1 inversely correlates with protein-coding mitochondrial gene expression in CRC cells and tumours.

TRAP1 silencing correlates with increased mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy number in CRC cells.

TRAP1 silencing favours mitochondrial biogenesis in CRC cells.
Anteromedial knee osteoarthritis (AMOA) evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): a cohort study of 100 patients
Authors: Bunyoz Kristine Ifigenia , Dixon Joseph , Patel Jaison , Troelsen Anders , Alvand Abtin , Jackson Will , Price Andrew , Bottomley Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are increasingly used for knee osteoarthritis evaluation and preoperative planning before unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and often patients already have MRI scans before their initial surgeon consultation. This highlights the need for surgeons to understand anteromedial osteoarthritis (AMOA) patterns on MRI. Hence, we aim to describe MRI findings in patients with AMOA meeting current indications for medial UKA.

Materials and methods
We analysed MRI scans from 100 knees evaluated for UKA between 2006 and 2013. Inclusion criteria comprised full-thickness medial compartment loss and intact lateral compartment joint space on preoperative radiographs. Assessment included cartilage lesions, osteophytes, meniscal damage, and anterior-cruciate ligament (ACL) status on tibial and femoral surfaces. Final decision to proceed with UKA relied on intraoperative findings, independent of MRI.

Results
Complete anteromedial tibial and femoral cartilage loss preserved posterior cartilage rims was evident in all cases. Cartilage thinning occurred in the lateral compartment in 34% of cases. While 62% displayed lateral osteophytes, only 6 exhibited small areas of full-thickness cartilage loss. ACL abnormalities varied: 27% normal, 3% ruptured, and 70% had intrasubstance high signal. Larger osteophytes in the medial (p = 0.012) and lateral (p = 0.002) intercondylar notch correlated significantly with ACL damage. All underwent medial UKA, with no evidence of areas with full lateral compartment cartilage loss intraoperatively.

Conclusions
The MRI findings confirmed the radiographic diagnosis of bone-on-bone medial disease but highlights a range of findings in the ACL, lateral compartment, and patellofemoral joint compartment for patients who met the current x-ray and intraoperative indication for UKA. Further research is required to understand if these MRI changes will affect long-term outcomes.
Anti-RGS8 paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia is preferentially associated with a particular subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Peter Elise , Ciano-Petersen Nicolas Lundahl , Do Le-Duy , Perrot Jimmy , Ngo Thomas , Pluvinage John , Bartley Christopher M. , Zorn Kelsey C. , Miske Ramona , Scharf Madeleine , Villagrán-García Macarena , Farina Antonio , Rogemond Véronique , Antoine Jean-Christophe , Tranchant Christine , Dubois Valérie , DeRisi Joseph L. , Pleasure Samuel J. , Wilson Michael R. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Traverse-Glehen Alexandra , Honnorat Jérôme , Desestret Virginie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtaxia with anti-regulator of G-protein signaling 8 autoantibodies (RGS8-Abs) is an autoimmune disease recently described in four patients. The present study aimed to identify other patients with RGS8-Abs, describe their clinical features, including the link between RGS8-related autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA) and cancer. Patients with RGS8-Abs were identified retrospectively in the biological collections of the French Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome and the University of California San Francisco Center for Encephalitis and Meningitis. Clinical data were collected, and cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and tumor pathological samples were retrieved to characterize the autoantibodies and the associated malignancies. Only three patients with RGS8-Abs were identified. All of them presented with a pure cerebellar ataxia of mild to severe course, unresponsive to current immunotherapy regimens for ACA. Two patients presented with a Hodgkin lymphoma of the rare specific subtype called nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, with very mild extension. Autoantibodies detected in all patients enriched the same epitope on the RGS8 protein, which is an intracellular protein physiologically expressed in Purkinje cells but also ectopically expressed specifically in lymphoma cells of patients with RGS8-related ACA. The present results and those of the four cases previously described suggest that RGS8-Abs define a new paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of extreme rarity found mostly in middle-aged males that associates pure cerebellar ataxia and a particular lymphoma specifically expressing the RGS8 antigen. As in other paraneoplastic ACA with intracellular antigen, the disease course is severe, and patients tend to exhibit a poor response to immune therapy.
Pharmacotherapy of motor symptoms in early and mid-stage Parkinson’s disease: guideline “Parkinson’s disease” of the German Society of Neurology
Authors: Höllerhage Matthias , Becktepe Jos , Classen Joseph , Deuschl Günther , Ebersbach Georg , Hopfner Franziska , Lingor Paul , Löhle Matthias , Maaß Sylvia , Pötter-Nerger Monika , Odin Per , Woitalla Dirk ,   German Parkinson’s Guidelines Group, Bähr Mathias , Berg Daniela , Brockmann Kathrin , Buhmann Carsten , Ceballos-Baumann Andrés , Claßen Joseph , Deuschl Cornelius , Dodel Richard , Eggers Carsten , van Eimeren Thilo , Fanciulli Alessandra , Fimm Bruno , Folkerts Ann-Kristin , Gausepohl Madeleine , Hasan Alkomiet , Hermann Wiebke , Hilker-Roggendorf Rüdiger , Höglinger Günter , Jost Wolfgang , Kalbe Elke , Kassubek Jan , Klebe Stephan , Klein Christine , Klietz Martin , Köglsperger Thomas , Kühn Andrea , Krack Paul , Krismer Florian , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Levin Johannes , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Loewenbrück Kai , Lorenzl Stefan , Maetzler Walter , Menzel Regina , Meyer Philipp T. , Mollenhauer Brit , Neumann Manuela , Outeiro Tiago , Reese René , Reetz Kathrin , Rieß Olaf , Ruf Viktoria , Schneider Anja , Schrader Christoph , Schnitzler Alfons , Seppi Klaus , Sixel-Döring Friederike , Storch Alexander , Tönges Lars , van Eimeren Thilo , Walter Uwe , Wächter Tobias , Warnecke Tobias , Wegner Florian , Winkler Christian , Witt Karsten , Zeuner Kirsten , Trenkwalder Claudia , Höglinger Günter U. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
There are multiple pharmacological treatment options for motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These comprise multiple drug classes which are approved for the condition, including levodopa, dopamine agonists, COMT inhibitors, MAO-B inhibitors, NMDA-receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, and others. Some of the drugs are approved for monotherapy and combination therapy while others are only approved as adjunctive therapy to levodopa. Furthermore, treatment for special treatment situations, e.g., rescue medication for off-phases, for tremor, treatment during pregnancy and breast feeding is discussed and recommendations are given with further details.

Methods
The recommendations were based on systematic literature reviews, drafted by expert teams, consented in online polls followed by online consensus meetings of the whole German Parkinson’s Guideline Group, and publicly released in November 2023.

Results
In the new S2k (i.e., consensus-based) guidelines, the pharmacotherapy of the motor symptoms of PD is discussed in five chapters. These comprise “Parkinson medication”, “Initial monotherapy”, “Early combination therapy”, “Fluctuations and dyskinesia”, and “Parkinsonian tremor”. Furthermore, there is a chapter for special treatment situations, including perioperative management, freezing of gait, and pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Conclusion
The recommendations for the pharmacotherapy of motor symptoms of PD have been updated. Newly available drugs have been added, while other drugs (e.g., ergoline dopamine agonists, anticholinergics, budipine) have been removed from the recommendations.
Testosterone therapy as a novel approach to the management of cytopenias in myelodysplastic neoplasms: a review of literature and case report
Authors: Yan John , Rockwell Bradley , Verma Divij , Sahu Srabani , Goldfinger Mendel , Verma Amit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the potential of testosterone therapy in managing cytopenias in myelodysplastic neoplasm and investigate the link between hypogonadism and hematologic malignancies.

Methods
A case of a patient with intermediate-risk myelodysplastic neoplasm and hypogonadism treated with testosterone replacement therapy is presented. Testosterone, prostate specific antigen, and erythropoietin levels were checked prior to therapy initiation and 3 months after. Blood counts were monitored over time. This is followed by a literature review of testosterone use in myelodysplastic neoplasm and the prevalence of hypogonadism in hematologic malignancies.

Results
The patient showed sustained improvement in anemia with testosterone therapy and reported subjective improvement in his weakness and fatigue. This improvement occurred even in the setting of an undetectable follow up erythropoietin level. His repeat prostate specific antigen levels remained low, while testosterone levels showed marked improvement. The literature review demonstrated positive response rates for testosterone in treating myelodysplastic neoplasm-related cytopenias, and showed a higher incidence of hypogonadism in hematologic malignancies.

Conclusion
Our review suggests that the use of testosterone in low and intermediate-risk myelodysplastic neoplasm is underexplored and poses to have significant potential as a future therapeutic agent, after careful consideration of risks and benefits. In addition, the incidence of hypogonadism in myelodysplastic neoplasm and its potential impact on exacerbating cytopenias in myelodysplastic neoplasm warrants further investigation.
Trends and outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: a multicenter cross-sectional study of minimally invasive versus open techniques in Germany
Authors: Krieg Andreas , Kolbe Ernst W. , Kaspari Michael , Krieg Sarah , Loosen Sven H. , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to assess the trend from open to modern minimally invasive (laparoscopic and robot-assisted) surgical techniques for colorectal cancer (CRC) in Germany, with a particular focus on hospital mortality, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay.

Methods
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 36 German hospitals, encompassing 1,250,029 cases from January 2019 to December 2023. The study included all hospitalized patients aged ≥ 18 with CRC who underwent surgery. Surgical cases were categorized as open or minimally invasive. Outcomes assessed included in-hospital mortality, morbidity, and hospital length of stay. Statistical analyses involved multivariable logistic and linear regression models adjusted for main diagnosis, metastasis presence, age, sex, and comorbidities.

Results
The study included 4525 CRC cases: 2767 underwent open surgery and 1758 underwent minimally invasive surgery (173 robotic). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in open surgery (6.1% vs. 1.7%). Open surgery was also significantly associated with higher rates of acute post-hemorrhagic anemia (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.87–3.02), respiratory failure (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.34–2.18), and intraoperative and postprocedural complications (OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 2.83–4.70). Average hospital stay was longer for open surgery (19.5 days vs. 11.0 days).

Conclusion
Despite the advantages of minimally invasive surgery, including reduced mortality, morbidity, and shorter hospital stays, open surgery remains the predominant approach for CRC in Germany. These findings underscore the need for increased adoption of minimally invasive techniques and highlight the potential benefits of shifting toward minimally invasive methods to enhance the overall quality of CRC care.

Graphical abstract
When long jumps fall short: control-flow tracking and misuse detection for nonlocal jumps in C
Authors: Erhard Julian , Schwarz Michael , Vojdani Vesal , Saan Simmo , Seidl Helmut 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe C programming language offers as a mechanism for nonlocal control flow. This mechanism has complicated semantics. As most developers do not encounter it day-to-day, they may be unfamiliar with all its intricacies – leading to subtle programming errors. At the same time, most static analyzers lack proper support, implying that otherwise sound tools miss whole classes of program deficiencies. We propose a concrete semantics of a subset of C with , where interprocedural s are performed directly, as well as an equivalent formulation where such jumps are implemented via stack-unwinding at the call-sites. Reflecting this semantic equivalence, we propose an approach for lifting existing interprocedural analyses to support and to flag their misuse. To deal with the nonlocal semantics, our approach leverages side-effecting transfer functions, which, when executed, may additionally trigger contributions for program points that are not static control-flow successors. We showcase our analysis on a real-world example and propose a set of litmus tests for other analyzers.
Biomarkers reflecting the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and guide therapeutic approach in systemic sclerosis: a narrative review
Authors: Bazsó Anna , Szodoray Péter , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Kiss Emese 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a progressive autoimmune disorder that mainly affects the skin. There are other clinical manifestations as renal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal tract involvements. Based on the skin involvement there are two subtypes of SSc, as limited cutaneous SSc (lSSc) which involves the acral part of the body and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dSSc) resulting in significant skin thickening of the body. Despite of the extensive research the pathomechanism is not fully clarified, how Ssc develops, moreover identifying biomarkers to predict the clinical outcome and prognosis still remains challenging. Circulating biomarkers can be crucial to define the diagnosis, to predict the prognosis and monitor the clinical course. However, only some patients are responsive to the therapy in SSc, and there is a need to reach the ideal therapy for any individual to prevent or slow down the progression in early stages of the disease. In this narrative review, our purpose was to summarize the potential biomarkers in Ssc, describe their role in the diagnosis, pathomechanism, clinical course, organ manifestations, as well as the response to the therapy. Biomarkers assessment aids in the evaluation of disease progression, and disease outcome.
Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 as a tool for patient support before and after DBS surgery for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Oliveira Ana Lúcia , Coelho Miguel , Guedes Leonor Correia , Cattoni Maria Begoña , Carvalho Herculano , Duarte-Batista Pedro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes into specific areas of the brain to treat a variety of medical conditions, including Parkinson’s disease. Doubts and questions from patients prior to or following surgery should be addressed in line with the most recent scientific and clinical practice. ChatGPT emerges as an example of how artificial intelligence can be used, with its ability to comprehend and answer medical questions in an understandable way, accessible to everyone. However, the risks of these resources still need to be fully understood.ChatGPT models 3.5 and 4 responses to 40 questions in English and Portuguese were independently graded by two experienced specialists in functional neurosurgery and neurological movement disorders and resolved by a third reviewer. ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 demonstrated a good level of accuracy in responding to 80 questions in both English and Portuguese, related to DBS surgery for Parkinson’s disease. The proportion of responses graded as correct was 57.5% and 83.8% for GPT 3.5 and GPT 4, respectively. GPT 3.5 provided potentially harmful answers for 6.3% (5/80) of its responses. No responses from GPT 4 were graded as harmful. In general, ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 demonstrated good performance in terms of quality and reliability across two different languages. Nonetheless, harmful responses should not be scorned, and it’s crucial to consider this aspect when addressing patients using these resources. Considering the current safety concerns, it’s not advisable for patients to use such models for DBS surgery guidance. Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 as a tool for patient support before and after DBS surgery for Parkinson’s disease.
Secure multi-party computation with legally-enforceable fairness
Authors: Nakai Takeshi , Shinagawa Kazumasa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFairness is a security notion of secure computation and cannot always be achieved if an adversary corrupts a majority of parties in standard settings. Lindell (CT-RSA 2008) showed that imposing a monetary penalty on an adversary can circumvent the impossibility. He formalized such a security notion as “legally enforceable fairness" for the two-party setting based on the ideal trusted bank functionality and showed a protocol achieving the requirements. Based on the same framework, we introduce secure multi-party computation with legally enforceable fairness that is applicable for an arbitrary number of parties. Further, we propose two protocols that realize our introduced functionality. The first one achieves O(n) rounds and $$O(n \alpha )$$

O
(
n
α
)

fees, where n is the number of parties, and $$\alpha $$
α
is a parameter for the penalty amount. The fee refers to the balance amount in the bank required at the beginning of the protocol, which evaluates the difficulty of participating in the protocol in a financial sense. The second one achieves O(1) rounds and $$O(n^2 \alpha )$$

O
(

n
2

α
)

fees.
Combined alcohol and energy drinks: consumption patterns and risk behaviours among European students
Authors: Scalese Marco , Cerrai Sonia , Benedetti Elisa , Colasante Emanuela , Cotichini Rodolfo , Molinaro Sabrina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
With the growing popularity of energy drinks, a new consumption trend has emerged represented by the mixing of alcohol and energy drinks (AmED). The current study sought to examine AmED use among 16-year-old students in Europe, as well as the associations with social and behavioural characteristics. By examining all these potential relationships from a cross-country perspective, we aim to estimate potential cross-national differences.

Method
Sixteen-year-old students were drawn from the 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs cross-sectional survey. Self-reported AmED use in the past 12 months was the dependent variable. Key predictors comprised substance use, other individual risk behaviours and family characteristics (parental regulation, monitoring and caring).

Results
Of the 16-year-old students surveyed in Europe, 33.9% reported AmED use in the past year. The global prevalence observed among male students (37.3%) was higher than among female students (30.6%). Prevalence ranged from 14.9% in Latvia to 53.7% in Slovenia. The multivariate analysis reported significantly higher odds of being AmED users in many of the considered risk behaviours, including daily tobacco smoking, illicit drugs use (cannabis, inhalants, cocaine/crack, NPS), heavy episodic drinking, going around with friends, going out in the evening, truancy at school, engaging in physical fights, damaged or lost objects or clothing, being involved in serious arguments, having trouble with police, practicing sexual intercourse without a condom and deliberately hurting themselves.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous studies, European students engaged in risk-taking behaviour showed higher odds of being AmED consumers. Youth AmED prevalence across Europe does not seem to follow a well-defined spatial distribution, suggesting that cultural patterns may only partially explain prevalence differences.