bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK university students’ folk perceptions of spoken variation in English: the role of explicit and implicit attitudes
Authors: McKenzie Robert M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNon-linguists’ attitudes towards language diversity are important since they reflect preferences and levels of prestige associated with particular speech communities. However, few studies measuring native-speaker attitudes towards both L1 and L2 English have been conducted, including amongst UK-born students. This is surprising in light of recent internationalisation policies adopted by many UK universities and the resultant increase in overseas students. The present study utilises implicit and explicit attitude measures to investigate 194 students’ perceptions of six English speech varieties. The results demonstrated that whilst explicit attitudes towards linguistic variation were generally favourable, when presented with speech samples, listeners’ implicit evaluations of UK English varieties were significantly more positive, on both status and solidarity dimensions, when compared to forms of Asian English. The findings are discussed in relation to the internationalisation agenda within UK universities and the methodological investigation into the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes towards language variation.
A method for assessing the coastline recession due to the sea level rise by assuming stationary wind-wave climate
Authors: Deng Junjie , Harff Jan , Schimanke Semjon , Meier H. E. Markus 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The method introduced in this study for future projection of coastline changes hits the vital need of communicating the potential climate change impact on the coast in the 21th century. A quantitative method called the Dynamic Equilibrium Shore Model (DESM) has been developed to hindcast historical sediment mass budgets and to reconstruct a paleo Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The forward mode of the DESM model relies on paleo-scenarios reconstructed by the DESM model assuming stationary wind-wave climate. A linear relationship between the sea level, coastline changes and sediment budget is formulated and proven by the least square regression method. In addition to its forward prediction of coastline changes, this linear relationship can also estimate the sediment budget by using the information on the coastline and relative sea level changes. Wind climate change is examined based on regional climate model data. Our projections for the end of the 21st century suggest that the wind and wave climates in the southern Baltic Sea may not change compared to present conditions and that the investigated coastline along the Pomeranian Bay may retreat from 10 to 100 m depending on the location and on the sea level rise which was assumed to be in the range of 0.12 to 0.24 m.
Differentiation of inland Ulva flexuosa Wulfen (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) from Western Poland
Authors: Rybak Andrzej S. , Czerwoniec Anna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The macroalgae representing the cosmopolitan Ulva flexuosa Wulfen species have been found in inland water ecosystems of Europe since the mid-1800s. The presence of the Ulva genus in waters of inland salt marshes was explained by high salinity of water in such systems. However, Ulva flexuosa thalli were found in lakes and rivers having no supply from strongly mineralized sources, either of natural or anthropogenic origin. The study focused only on populations of Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Kűtz.) M.J. Wynne and Ulva flexuosa subsp. paradoxa (C. Agardh) M.J. Wynne occurring in inland ecosystems isolated from seawater. The differentiation of inland U. flexuosa subsp. pilifera and subspecies paradoxa was assessed by using classical morphological data and molecular techniques. We found that only two subspecies of Ulva flexuosa Wulfen occur in inland water ecosystems of Poland. On the basis of the analysis combining morphological features with the ITS region and rbcL gene sequences, a small degree of differentiation of the two inland taxa was demonstrated. These two subspecies have high differentiation of the habitat niches. U. flexuosa subsp. paradoxa settled in habitats featuring high salinity levels, and the second subspecies pilifera occurred only in fresh waters.
A Greek girl with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency due to compound heterozygosity for two novel mutations in CYP11B1 gene
Authors: Marakaki Chrisanthi , Papadopoulou Anna , Karapanou Olga , Papadimitriou Dimitrios T , Kleanthous Kleanthis , Papadimitriou Anastasios 
Published: October 2015

Summary
11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD), an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, accounts for 5–8% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In Greece, no cases of 11β-OHD have been described so far. The patient presented at the age of 13 months with mild virilization of external genitalia and pubic hair development since the age of 3 months. Hormonal profile showed elevated 11-deoxycortisol, adrenal androgens and ACTH levels. ACTH stimulation test was compatible with 11β-OHD. DNA of the proband and her parents was isolated and genotyped for CYP11B1 gene coding cytochrome P450c11. The girl was found to be compound heterozygous for two CYP11B1 novel mutations, p.Ala386Glu (exon 7), inherited from the father and p.Leu471Argin (exon 9) from the mother. Hydrocortisone supplementation therapy was initiated. Four years after presentation she remains normotensive, her growth pattern is normal and the bone age remains advanced despite adequate suppression of adrenal androgens.

Learning points

11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) deficiency (11OHD; OMIM +202010) is the second most common cause of CAH accounting for approximately 5–8% of cases with an incidence of 1:100 000–1:200 000 live births in non-consanguineous populations.

Two CYP11B1 inactivating novel mutations, p.Ala386Glu and p.Leu471Arg are reported

Regarding newborn females, in utero androgen excess results in ambiguous genitalia, whereas in the male newborn diagnosis may go undetected. In infancy and childhood adrenal androgen overproduction results in peripheral precocious puberty in boys and various degrees of virilization in girls.

Accumulation of 11-deoxycorticosterone and its metabolites causes hypertension in about two thirds of patients.

Diagnosis lies upon elevated 11-deoxycortisol and DOC plus upstream precursors, such as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione.

The established treatment of steroid 11β-OHD is similar to that of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency and consists of glucocorticoid administration in order to reduce ACTH-driven DOC overproduction resulting in hypertension remission and improvement of the virilization symptoms.
Nonlinear Frequency Conversion Performance of AgGaSe2, ZnGeP2, and CdGeAs2
Authors: Schunemann P.G. , Schepler K.L. , Budni P.A. 
Published: October 2015

In recent years, chalcopyrites have distinguished themselves as the nonlinear optical materials of choice for mid- to far-infrared (ir) laser applications. In particular, AgGaSe2, ZnGeP2, and CdGeAs2 have demonstrated the highest conversion efficiencies and output powers in the wavelength range beyond 4 μm. The superior performance of these crystals arises from their high nonlinear optical coefficients (39 pm/V, 75 pm/V, and 236 pm/V, respectively), their relatively large birefringence (sufficient for phase matching), and advances in crystal growth and processing that have improved transparency and eliminated cracking.The two most direct approaches to generating laser output in the mid-ir (in particular the 3–5-μm atmospheric transmission window) are (1) shifting the output of a solid-state laser to longer wavelengths via optical parametric oscillation (OPO), or (2) doubling the frequency of a CO2 laser (9–11 μm) via second-harmonic generation (SHG). The OPO approach offers the advantage of tunability combined with potentially more compact and efficient solid-state lasers, whereas the SHG approach benefits from the greater maturity of high-power CO2 laser technology. A third process, difference-frequency generation (DFG), is also a 3-wave interaction similar to OPO that can be used to mix two photons (from two lasers or from an OPO) to produce longer wavelength photons (corresponding to the small difference frequency) over a large spectral range. The optimum chalcopyrite crystal (AgGaSe2, ZnGeP2, or CdGeAs2) for a given approach depends on a complex combination of material parameters described in the sections that follow.
Correlation of Neopterin and TNF-alpha with Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Yuniarty Dedeh , Santoso Anwar , Arif Mansyur 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: A large number of obesity in the community increases the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) that can increase the risks of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. One of the possible causes of stroke is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is initiated by the incidence of inflammation and endothelial dysfuction. Atherosclerosis is involved in an ongoing inflammatory response. At the beginning of atherosclerosis, when the endothel become inflamed, it expresses adhesion molecules that attract monocytes. The monocytes then migrate into the intima due to endothelial dysfunction. Activation of macrophage occurs in the process of inflammation as the earliest type of lesion of atherosclerosis. In this study, monocyte/macrophage activation is marked by Neopterin. In other process of atherosclerosis, vascular nitric oxide (NO) activity has a role as a potent endogenous vasodilator. In regulating the vascular tone, NO has a role to suppress vascular smooth muscle proliferation, inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation, and interferes with the leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. In MetS, hypercholesterolemia decreases NO activity. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been characterized as an endogenous, competitive inhibitor of NO synthase. In this study, the incidence of endothelial dysfunction is marked by ADMA. The aim of this study was to discover the role of Neopterin in MetS patients by evaluating the correlation between Neopterin and ADMA in MetS through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or direct line.METHODS: The study was cross sectional on 64 males with MetS aged 30-65 years. The measurements of TNF-α concentrations was done, respectively.RESULTS: Neopterin concentration correlated with Log TNF-α concentration (r=0.311, p=0.012). There is no significant correlation between Neopterin and ADMA (r=0.012, p=0.930); ADMA and Log TNF-α (r=0.029, p=0.821).CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant correlation between Neopterin and ADMA through TNF-α or direct line.KEYWORDS: MetS, Neopterin, ADMA, NO, TNF-α
Association Between Plasma Beta-endorphin and WOMAC Score in Female Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hariyanto Hori , Butar Butar John , Lawrence Gatot Susilo , Suhadi FX Budhianto , Tanra Andi Husni 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: β-endorphin plays a role in the descending pain control in the central nervous system. Central sensitization may be involved in the generating and maintenance of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. However, the correlation between β-endorphin and pain severity in OA has shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma β-endorphin and the severity of the disease. METHODS: This study was an observational cross-sectional study carried out on 60 female subjects with knee OA who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Plasma β-endorphin was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Osteoarthritis knees were classified by the Kellegren-Lawrence (KL) grading (1-4) criteria. The Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scoring method was used to assess self-reported physical function, pain and stiffness. RESULTS: The mean of the participants' ages was 58 years old, ranging from 42 to 83 years. Overall, more than 70% of the participants were overweight with a mean of body mass index (BMI) of 27.59. More than 54% of the participants were diagnosed of having KL grading 3 or 4. Plasma β-endorphin was correlated inversely with the WOMAC subscale of stiffness (r=-0.286, p=0.0311), but no correlation was noted with the WOMAC subscale of pain and physical activity. There was no significant difference of the mean of plasma β-endorphin among the KL gradings. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma β-endorphin is associated with better WOMAC total score and stiffness subscale, but not associated with KL grading of OA. KEYWORDS: knee osteoarthritis, female, β-endorphin, WOMAC, Kellgren-Lawrence
Cementing Quality Assurance: A Project Management Approach
Authors: Townsend S. C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A cementing quality assurance process is presented which uses a project management approach to cementing operations from job design through execution to enhance the chances for successful zonal isolation on primary cement jobs. The process incorporates proven industry best practices for isolating potential flow zones during well construction. Although these practices are well documented in API Standard 65—Part 2 Second Edition 2010 recent studies of wells in the shale basins have shown that cementing failures are still occurring (Deane-Shinbrot et al. 2011; Bassett et al. 2012; Ingraffea 2013; Bassett et al. 2013; Davies et al. 2014).
The approach uses a four-step quality assurance process that includes the use of a cementing design checklist and the use of templates to document calculations related to the cementing operation. The process is as follows:
Establish clear objectives and identify constraints and remedies to the constraints. Optimize mud and spacer requirements and displacement rates. Other issues to be addressed are hole conditioning, possibility of pipe movement, optimization of casing centralization and length of shoe track. Optimize slurry requirements Implement field procedures using industry best practices
The paper also discusses the importance of conducting audits of quality control procedures used at facilities for laboratory testing, cement blending and pumping unit maintenance and provides some hypothetical examples showing how this could impact the success of the job.
A Wireline Logging Method for the Orientation of Fiber Optic and Control Lines in Highly Deviated or Horizontal Well Sections
Authors: Foster R. L. , Jacobson D. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The use of fiber-optic cable and control lines for instrumented well installations poses certain obstacles to companies wanting to safely design and execute perforating programs which do not damage the costly cable and instrument installations in highly deviated or horizontal wellbores (1). Tri-axial magnetic flux leakage logging tools enable the detection and orientation of fiber-optic cables and control lines so that perforating services may be planned and executed with confidence.
This method requires an understanding of the type and configuration of the hardware which was installed downhole to protect the fiber-optic or control line during installation and perforating. Surface test logging of the in-situ hardware ensures detection and orientation of the hardware installed in the well. Information derived from the surface test runs is used to detect, identify, and orient the hardware using well log data, and a report is created that defines the relative bearing of the fiber-optic or control line in the horizontal or highly deviated sections of the well. For instrumented well applications, hardware commonly known as blast protectors provide the key hardware features used for fiber-optic and control line protection during perforating operations.
This case study describes the surface testing method, logging and deployment options, analysis software, tool configuration, well log data, hardware examples and report.
NOVEL/Additional information:
Efficient procedure using high-resolution tri-axial magnetic flux leakage technology with post-processing analysis software designed to accurately and quickly provide orientation of fiber optic and control lines in wells of greater than 20° deviation.
Current Controversies of Alignment in Total Knee Replacements
Authors: Donaldson James , Joyner James , Tudor Francois 
Published: October 2015

Total knee replacement is an increasingly popular operation for end stage knee arthritis. In the majority it alleviates pain and improves function. However up to 20% of patients remain dissatisfied, even with well-aligned and secure implants.Restoration of a neutral mechanical axis has traditionally been strived for, to improve both function and implant survival and there is historical data to support this. More recently this view has been questioned and some surgeons are trying to improve the function and outcomes by moving away from standard alignment principles in an attempt to reproduce the kinematics of the pre-arthritic knee of that individual. Others are using computers, robots and patient specific guides to improve accuracy. This article aims to review the traditional alignment concept and the newer techniques, along with the evidence behind it.
Association between intermittent low-back pain and superior cluneal nerve entrapment neuropathy
Authors: Chiba Yasuhiro , Isu Toyohiko , Kim Kyongsong , Iwamoto Naotaka , Morimoto Daijiro , Yamazaki Kazuyoshi , Hokari Masaaki , Isobe Masanori , Kusano Mitsuo 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Superior cluneal nerve (SCN) entrapment neuropathy (SCNEN) is a cause of low-back pain (LBP) that can be misdiagnosed as a lumbar spine disorder. The clinical features and etiology of LBP remain poorly understood. In this study, 5 patients with intermittent LBP due to SCNEN who had previously received conservative treatment underwent surgery. The findings are reported and the etiology of LBP is discussed to determine whether it is attributable to SCNEN.

METHODS
Intermittent LBP is defined as a clinical condition in which pain is induced by standing or walking but is absent at rest. Between April 2012 and March 2013, 5 patients in this study who had intermittent LBP due to SCNEN underwent surgery. The patients included 3 men and 2 women, with a mean age of 66 years. The affected side was unilateral in 2 patients and bilateral in 3 (total sites, 8). The interval from symptom onset to treatment averaged 51.4 months; the mean postoperative follow-up period was 17.6 months. The clinical outcomes were assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) for LBP, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) preoperatively and at the last follow-up; these data were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS
None of the 5 patients reported LBP at rest. Intermittent LBP involving the iliac crest and buttocks was induced by standing or walking an average of 136 m. In 2 patients with unilateral involvement, LBP was improved only by SCN block. Surgeries were performed on 6 sites in 5 patients because the SCN block was only transiently effective. Patients’ SCNs penetrated the orifice of the thoracolumbar fascia. SCN kinking at the orifice was exacerbated at the lumbar-extension provocation posture, and radiating pain increased upon manual intraoperative compression of the SCN in this posture. After releasing the SCN surgically, disappearance of the pain was intraoperatively confirmed by manual compression of the SCN with the patients in the lumbar-extension posture. Surgery was effective in all 5 patients, and all clinical outcome scores indicated significant improvement (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of patients with intermittent LBP due to SCNEN. Clinical and surgical evidence presented suggests that their LBP was exacerbated by lumbar extension and that symptom relief was obtained by SCN block or surgical release of the SCN entrapment. These results suggest that SCNEN should be considered as a causal factor in patients for whom walking elicits LBP.
Characterization and transferability of microsatellite markers developed for Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae)1
Authors: Prinz Kathleen , Finkeldey Reiner 
Published: October 2015

Premise of the study:Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae) is an octoploid, ecologically important, common tree species in European woodlands. We established 11 nuclear microsatellite loci allowing for detailed analyses of genetic diversity and structure.Methods and Results:A microsatellite‐enriched library was used to develop primers for 11 microsatellite loci that revealed high allele numbers and genetic diversity in a preliminary study.Conclusions:All of the loci developed here are informative for C. betulus. In addition, the loci are transferable to several species within the genus, and almost all loci cross‐amplified in species of different genera of the Betulaceae.
Enfants et adolescents en danger dans la rue : quel diagnostic ? Quelles préconisations ?
Authors: Douville Olivier 
Published: October 2015

Définir les conditions d’un possible accompagnement médical et psychologique des mineurs en danger dans la rue suppose de prendre appui sur une clinique des circuits la parole, sur une observation des montages entre lieu et corps, et nécessite un travail préalable d’exploration des terrains dans une logique qui est celle de l’anthropologie de la cité. Nous refusons en ce sens toute lecture ethnopsychiatrique ou culturaliste de ce phénomène moderne et tentons de répondre à la question suivante : quelle vie psychique se met en péril mais se reprend aussi dans ces conduites d’errance extrême que nous allons ici présenter et étudier. Nous proposons alors la notion de « suradaptation paradoxale » qui rend compte de ces montages qu’opèrent les jeunes dans la rue entre parole, corps et relation à autrui. L’auteur montre en quoi cette notion est opérante pour la prise en charge de ces sujets souvent rebelles et vulnérables.
Victor, l’enfant dans son monde, et Édouard, l’enfant dans son coin : ces enfants qu’on ne voit pas à l’école
Authors: Costantini Chantal 
Published: October 2015

À travers l’analyse clinique d’un entretien non directif, mené dans le cadre d’une recherche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique, je tente de montrer comment les modalités psychiques à l’œuvre chez une enseignante d’école maternelle s’expriment dans la singularité des modalités de ses structures énonciatives. Ainsi, si Aurélie éprouve la nécessité de mettre en place un cadre pour contenir sa classe, Édouard, un enfant qu’elle ne voit pas et qui s’efface à ses yeux, se trouve assigné dans un coin, au bord de ce cadre ; tout comme Victor qui semble préférer rester dans son monde.
L’espace, notre seconde peau
Authors: Colboc Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2015

L’enfant arrive dans un environnement forgé par la personnalité des adultes qui l’accueillent. Il a pourtant cette magnifique liberté d’utilisation des espaces ; bonheur de la découverte au début puis transformation des lieux à sa mesure quand l’âge de la cabane arrive. Une sorte d’évidence entre le je, le jeu et le lieu, un lien immédiat, sans a priori. En tant qu’architecte, j’ai toujours l’impression de chercher cette liberté. Construire, c’est poser les limites, mais au travers de ce jeu infini de l’ombre et de la lumière.
Le corps du bébé, qu’a-t-il à dire ?
Authors: Peyrefitte Florence 
Published: October 2015

L’observation du corps du bébé ne se fait pas sans le corps de la mère et celui du pédiatre. Tout est mouvement, et concerne même les affects et pensées. Ces derniers, lorsqu’ils sont figés, ne peuvent s’exprimer que par des signes physiques observés sur le corps de l’enfant. Ceux-ci peuvent être vus ou entendus : observés et analysés en tant que tels, ou questionnés d’une autre place. Ainsi, un sens peut être donné, et un lien est parfois possible entre ces symptômes, les émotions, affects du bébé, de la mère, du père, et les histoires familiales. Car le mouvement, c’est la vie.