bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous high power ultrasound treatment before malaxation, a laboratory scale approach: Effect on virgin olive oil quality criteria and yield
Authors: Bejaoui Mohamed Aymen , Beltrán Gabriel , Sánchez‐Ortiz Araceli , Sánchez Sebastian , Jiménez Antonio 
Published: April 2015

Continuous application of high power ultrasound (HPU) on olive paste previous to malaxation at laboratory scale for virgin olive oil (VOO) extraction and its effect on process yield and the VOO quality have been studied. For the VOO samples, we determined the quality indices (free acidity value, peroxide value, K232, K270), bitterness, volatile composition, phenolic content (total and biophenols), tocopherol content, and pigments.The application of ultrasound induced a quick heating of the paste from 20 to 28°C. The sonication treatment improved the industrial oil yield by 1% and the oil extractability by 5.74%. Moreover the HPU treatment did not cause changes in the quality indices, fatty acid composition and volatile aromatic compounds of the VOO. Furthermore the fat autoxidation process was not accelerated by this treatment. Meanwhile oil obtained from olive pastes treated with HPU showed higher content of tocopherol, chlorophylls and carotenoids whereas a reduction in phenolic content and bitterness index was observed.Practical applications: The high power ultrasound (HPU) treatment of olive paste, before malaxation during the virgin olive oil (VOO) elaboration process, can improve the oil extraction yield without alteration of its quality parameters. The olive paste instantaneous heating observed with the HPU can allow the reduction of the malaxation step duration. The results obtained nowadays at laboratory scale are promising for the possibility of the continuous HPU treatment introduction in the olive oil elaboration process as aid or alternative to the malaxation. For this purpose further experiment at pilot and industrial scale are needed.Continuous application of high power ultrasound before malaxation and its effect on the oil extractability and virgin olive oil characteristics.
Branched chain fatty acids concentrate prepared from butter oil via urea adduction
Authors: Mudgal Samriddh , Ran‐Ressler Rinat R. , Liu Lei , Brenna J. Thomas , Rizvi Syed S. H. 
Published: April 2015

Saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) intake in the US is greater than that of other bioactive fatty acids (FA), yet little information is available on methodologies to concentrate them. We report here the effect of urea‐to‐FA (urea:FA) ratio, adduction time, and temperature on the enrichment of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) from butter oil. Urea adducts precipitate both saturated and monounsaturated hydrocarbon chains as urea complexes, leaving solubilized polyunsaturated FA and BCFA in the non‐urea adduct fraction (NUA). The optimum urea:FA ratio was found to be 4:1 and the optimum temperature to be 4°C. Adduction time had negligible effect on BCFA enrichment. Anteiso‐15:0 was most enriched across major BCFA under all conditions of temperature, time, and urea:FA ratio studied. In our preferred embodiment, a two‐stage urea adduction procedure applied to hydrolyzed butter oil resulted in an enrichment from <2% BCFA in the starting oil to >11% BCFA, indicating an enrichment factor of >6. The best method has a first stage performed at 4°C and urea:FA ratio of 4:1, and a second stage at 30°C and lower urea:FA ratio (2:1). Overall yield of BCFA in enriched fraction was about 10% of starting BCFA for two stages.Practical applications: BCFA are constituents of the GI tract of healthy newborns and are known to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis. The average per capita BCFA intake of Americans is estimated to be about 220 mg/day from dairy whereas based on the current dietary recommendations of USDA it should be about 400 mg/day from dairy alone with total amounting to 575 mg/day including beef. Using the results of the current study, enriched BCFA concentrates can be prepared to meet the demand.Enrichment in major branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) of butter oil after two stage urea adduction. First stage (NUA‐1) and second stage (NUA‐2) were conducted using 4:1; 4°C 2 h and 2:1, 30°C 2 h of urea‐to‐fatty acids ratio (wt/wt), temperature and time of adduction, respectively.
Stille Cross‐Coupling for the Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone: Revisit, Improvement, and Applications of the Method
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H. , Törnroos Karl Wilhelm , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe have revisited the Stille coupling reaction for the functionalization of the imidazole backbone. In this context CuI was exploited as a co‐catalyst, which resulted in significantly improved yields of target coupling products. Furthermore, a systematic investigation of the effect of the auxiliary group on the N‐1‐ring atom was performed. When mono‐coupling is desired, the Tosyl (Tos) group is superior to the (dimethylamino)sulfonyl (DMAS) group, furnishing the corresponding 4‐coupled imidazoles in significantly higher yields. However, when bis‐coupling is preferred, the DMAS group is imperative for success of the coupling procedure. Utilizing this reaction protocol, we were successfully able to demonstrate the first examples of Stille bis‐coupling utilizing N‐DMAS‐4,5‐diiodoimidazole as substrate.
COX‐2 is required for the modulation of spinal nociceptive information related to ephrinB/EphB signalling
Authors: Zhou X.‐L. , Wang Y. , Zhang C.‐J. , Yu L.‐N. , Cao J.‐L. , Yan M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundEphB receptors and their ephrinB ligands are implicated in modulating spinal nociceptive information processing. Here, we investigated whether cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), acts as a downstream effector, participates in the modulation of spinal nociceptive information related to ephrinB/EphB signalling.MethodsThermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were measured by using radiant heat and von Frey filaments test, respectively. Real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of spinal COX‐2 mRNA. Spinal COX‐2 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) protein were determined by Western blot analysis.ResultsIntrathecal injection of ephrinB2–Fc caused thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, which were accompanied by increased expression of spinal COX‐2 mRNA and protein. Inhibition of spinal COX‐2 prevented and reversed pain behaviours induced by the intrathecal injection of ephrinB2–Fc. Blockade of EphB receptors by intrathecal injection of EphB2–Fc reduced complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced inflammatory pain behaviours, which were accompanied by decreased expression of spinal COX‐2 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, treatment with U0126, a mitogen‐activated protein/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, suppressed spinal ERK activation and COX‐2 mRNA and protein expression induced by intrathecal injection of ephrinB1–Fc.ConclusionsThese results confirmed the important involvement of COX‐2 in the modulation of spinal nociceptive information related to ephrinBs–EphBs signalling.
Response spectrum analysis for floor acceleration
Authors: Pozzi Matteo , Der Kiureghian Armen 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe peak floor acceleration (PFA) is a critical parameter influencing the performance of non‐structural elements in buildings. This paper develops a response spectrum analysis method based on the complete quadratic combination (CQC) rule to estimate the PFA. The method accounts for the rigid contribution of truncated higher modes and the cross‐correlations between all pairs of modes. The approximation is introduced in the time domain and then formulated in the frequency domain by CQC. Application of the method to a continuous cantilever beam idealizing a building with shear walls is presented and compared with alternative formulations. The proposed method is able to provide a consistent estimation of the PFA along the entire structure, not only where the PFA is principally influenced by the first few flexible modes but also where the PFA is mainly related to the rigid response of the structure, for example, near its base. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake routes and toxicokinetics of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus
Authors: Diez-Ortiz Maria , Lahive Elma , Kille Peter , Powell Kate , Morgan A. John , Jurkschat Kerstin , Van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , Mosselmans J. Fred W. , Svendsen Claus , Spurgeon David J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Current bioavailability models, such as the free ion activity model and biotic ligand model, explicitly consider that metal exposure will be mainly to the dissolved metal in ionic form. With the rise of nanotechnology products and the increasing release of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment, such models may increasingly be applied to support risk assessment. It is not immediately clear, however, whether the assumption of metal ion exposure will be relevant for NPs. Using an established approach of oral gluing, a toxicokinetics study was conducted to investigate the routes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag+ ion uptake in the soil-dwelling earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. The results indicated that a significant part of the Ag uptake in the earthworms is through oral/gut uptake for both Ag+ ions and NPs. Thus, sealing the mouth reduced Ag uptake by between 40% and 75%. An X-ray analysis of the internal distribution of Ag in transverse sections confirmed the presence of increased Ag concentrations in exposed earthworm tissues. For the AgNPs but not the Ag+ ions, high concentrations were associated with the gut wall, liver-like chloragogenous tissue, and nephridia, which suggest a pathway for AgNP uptake, detoxification, and excretion via these organs. Overall, the results indicate that Ag in the ionic and NP forms is assimilated and internally distributed in earthworms and that this uptake occurs predominantly via the gut epithelium and less so via the body wall. The importance of oral exposure questions the application of current metal bioavailability models, which implicitly consider that the dominant route of exposure is via the soil solution, for bioavailability assessment and modeling of metal-based NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2263–2270. © 2015 SETAC
Simultaneous catalytic reduction of N2O and NOx produced in a fluidized bed incineration of sewage sludge
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Ryu In‐Soo , Jeon Sang‐Goo , Moon Seung‐Hyun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFluidized bed incineration of sewage sludge could produce large amounts of N2O due to the relatively high nitrogen content of the sewage sludge and low incineration temperatures. In this study, N2O and NOx emissions released during the fluidized bed incineration of dried sewage sludge powder were investigated. Sewage sludge feeding rate was about 8∼10 kg/h, and bed aspect ratio was fixed to ca. 1.2. Superficial velocity was adjusted to ca. 1.9 m/s. The concentrations of N2O and NOx in the exhaust gas were greatly influenced by bed temperature in a range between 850 °C and 950 °C. In the simultaneous catalytic reduction of N2O and NOx on an Fe/BEA pellet catalyst with NH3, most of the N2O and NOx were removed when heated above the inlet reaction temperature 410 °C. Thus, simultaneous catalytic reduction was shown to be a promising N2O abatement technology for the fluidized bed incineration of sewage sludge. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Clar as Mud? Origins of the head mirror: A historical note
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Werner Alfred , McGill Iain , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn Europe, the name “Clar” immediately evokes to any otorhinolaryngologist the classic head mirror that remains a symbol of our profession. Yet, the origin of Clar has never been investigated. In this clinical and historical review, based on an Internet and PubMed database search together with perusal of Fischer's Biographical Lexikon, the authors seek to elucidate this medical enigma. The data presented suggest that Clar was not a physician but rather a term picked by the company that designed the mirror by the end of the 19th century to underscore the bright and sharp view provided by this then innovative medical device. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 930–932, 2016
Analysis of risk factors for flap loss and salvage in free flap head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Chang Edward I. , Zhang Hong , Liu Jun , Yu Peirong , Skoracki Roman J. , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundRisk factors and techniques for free flap salvage in head and neck reconstruction are poorly described.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all head and neck free flaps performed from 2000 to 2010.ResultsOverall, 151 of 2296 flaps (6.6%) underwent salvage for microvascular complications. Age, comorbidities, surgeon experience (p = .88), vein grafts, and supercharging (p = .45) did not affect flap salvage. Muscle‐only flaps (p = .002) were associated with significantly worse outcomes. Coupled venous anastomoses were superior to handsewn anastomoses (p = .03). Arteriovenous thrombosis had worse outcomes than a venous or arterial thrombosis alone (p < .0001). Anticoagulation, thrombolytics, and thrombectomy did not improve survival. Multiple takebacks (p = .003) and late takebacks (>3 days) had significantly worse outcomes (p = .003). Flap salvage was 60.3% successful with 60 total flap losses (2.6%).ConclusionAlthough flap salvage should be attempted, multiple attempts are not recommended, especially for muscle‐only flaps. Combined arteriovenous and late thrombosis has a dismal prognosis regardless of different salvage techniques. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E771–E775, 2016
Role of radiosurgery in the management of glomus tumors
Authors: Martín Isabel Tovar , Ávila Rosario Del Moral , Herrera Mercedes Zurita , Arregui Gregorio , Osorio–Ceballos Juan Luis , Rojas Enrique Saura , Almansa Ángel Horcajadas , Arrebola Juan P. , Rull Jorge Pastor , Hernández José Expósito , Ramírez Escarlata López 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundGlomus tumors are benign slow‐growing hypervascular neoplasms. The role of radiosurgery for the treatment of these tumors has increased. The purpose of this study was to show our experience with glomus tumors and to analyze different prognostic factors.MethodsData from 39 adult patients were retrospectively analyzed. All of them underwent head frame stereotactic radiosurgery with linear accelerator (LINAC). Tumor and symptomatic control were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Bivariate statistical analyses were performed to examine different prognostic factors.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 71 months. The radiological local and symptomatic control was achieved in 37 patients (94.8%) and 29 patients (74.3%), respectively. Toxicity was detected in 4 patients (10%). In the bivariate analysis, dose coverage and maximum dose were associated with tumor control with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.29 (p = .041) and 2.67 (p = .056), respectively.ConclusionStereotactic radiosurgery is a safe and efficient treatment for glomus tumors that is associated with high probability of radiological and symptomatic control and low incidence of morbidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E798–E804, 2016
Nf1 Haploinsufficiency Alters Myeloid Lineage Commitment and Function, Leading to Deranged Skeletal Homeostasis
Authors: Rhodes Steven D , Yang Hao , Dong Ruizhi , Menon Keshav , He Yongzheng , Li Zhaomin , Chen Shi , Staser Karl W , Jiang Li , Wu Xiaohua , Yang Xianlin , Peng Xianghong , Mohammad Khalid S , Guise Theresa A , Xu Mingjiang , Yang Feng-Chun 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Although nullizygous loss of NF1 leads to myeloid malignancies, haploinsufficient loss of NF1 (Nf1) has been shown to contribute to osteopenia and osteoporosis which occurs in approximately 50% of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. Bone marrow mononuclear cells of haploinsufficient NF1 patients and Nf1+/– mice exhibit increased osteoclastogenesis and accelerated bone turnover; however, the culprit hematopoietic lineages responsible for perpetuating these osteolytic manifestations have yet to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of a single Nf1 allele within the myeloid progenitor cell population (Nf1-LysM) is necessary and sufficient to promote multiple osteoclast gains-in-function, resulting in enhanced osteoclastogenesis and accelerated osteoclast bone lytic activity in response to proresorptive challenge in vivo. Surprisingly, mice conditionally Nf1 heterozygous in mature, terminally differentiated osteoclasts (Nf1-Ctsk) do not exhibit any of these skeletal phenotypes, indicating a critical requirement for Nf1 haploinsufficiency at a more primitive/progenitor stage of myeloid development in perpetuating osteolytic activity. We further identified p21Ras-dependent hyperphosphorylation of Pu.1 within the nucleus of Nf1 haploinsufficient myelomonocytic osteoclast precursors, providing a novel therapeutic target for the potential treatment of NF1 associated osteolytic manifestations. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Searching for a relevant definition of sarcopenia: results from the cross‐sectional EPIDOS study
Authors: Dupuy Charlotte , Lauwers‐Cances Valérie , Guyonnet Sophie , Gentil Catherine , Abellan Van Kan Gabor , Beauchet Olivier , Schott Anne‐Marie , Vellas Bruno , Rolland Yves 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe diversity of definitions proposed for sarcopenia has been rarely tested in the same population, and so far, their clinical utilities for predicting physical difficulties could not be clearly understood. Our objective is to report the prevalence of sarcopenia and the characteristics of sarcopenic community‐dwelling older women according to the different definitions of sarcopenia currently proposed. We also assessed these definitions for their incremental predictive value over currently standard predictors for some self‐reported difficulties in physical function and knee extension strength.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis included data from 3025 non‐disabled women aged 75 years or older without previous history of hip fracture from the inclusion visit of the EPIDémiologie de l'OStéoporose study. A total body composition evaluation was available for 2725 women. Sarcopenia was defined using six different definitions of sarcopenia based on different muscle mass, gait speed, and grip strength cut‐offs. Self‐reported difficulties in physical function and knee extension strength were collected. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were built for each physical dysfunction, and the predictive capacity of sarcopenia (one model for each definition) was studied using the C‐statistic, the net reclassification index, or adjusted R2.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 3.3–20.0%. Only 85 participants (3.1%) were identified having sarcopenia according to all definitions. All definitions were, to some degree, associated with self‐reported difficulties in physical function and knee extension strength, but none improved the predictive ability of the self‐reported difficulties in physical function. Conversely, all definitions accounted for a small but significant amount of explained variation for predicting knee extension strength.ConclusionsPrevalence of sarcopenia varies widely depending on the definition adopted. Based on this research, the current definitions for sarcopenia does not substantially increment the predictive value of clinical characteristics of patients to predict self‐reported physical difficulties and knee extension strength.
Standardized uptake value and apparent diffusion coefficient of endometrial cancer evaluated with integrated whole‐body PET/MR: Correlation with pathological prognostic factors
Authors: Shih I‐Lun , Yen Ruoh‐Fang , Chen Chi‐An , Chen Bang‐Bin , Wei Shwu‐Yuan , Chang Wen‐Chun , Sheu Bor‐Ching , Cheng Wen‐Fang , Tseng Yao‐Hui , Chen Xin‐Jia , Chen Chi‐Hau , Wei Lin‐Hung , Chiang Ying‐Cheng , Torng Pao‐Ling , Yen Men‐Luh , Shih Tiffany Ting‐Fang 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the correlation between maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) of endometrial cancer derived from an integrated positron emission tomography / magnetic resonance (PET/MR) system and to determine their correlation with pathological prognostic factors.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital, and informed consent was obtained. Between April and December 2014, 47 consecutive patients with endometrial cancer were enrolled and underwent simultaneous PET/MR examinations before surgery. Thirty‐six patients with measurable tumors on PET/MR were included for image analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between SUVmax and ADCmin of the tumors. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was utilized to evaluate relationships between these two imaging biomarkers and pathological prognostic factors.ResultsThe mean SUVmax and ADCmin were 14.7 ± 7.1 and 0.48 ± 0.13 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. A significant inverse correlation was found between SUVmax and ADCmin (r = –0.53; P = 0.001). SUVmax was significantly higher in tumors with advanced stage, deep myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). ADCmin was lower in tumors with higher grade, advanced stage, and cervical invasion (P < 0.05). The ratio of SUVmax to ADCmin was higher in tumors with higher grade, advanced stage, deep myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05).ConclusionSUVmax and ADCmin of endometrial cancer derived from integrated PET/MR are inversely correlated and are associated with pathological prognostic factors. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1723–1732.
Assessing the progress of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza of four plant species under different temperature regimes
Authors: Carvalho Mário , Brito Isabel , Alho Luís , Goss Michael J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo capitalize on the benefits offered by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in agricultural systems, the effect of low soil temperature has to be taken into consideration over large areas of the planet. However, the effect of suboptimal root‐zone temperatures on AMF colonization is poorly understood. It has been suggested that it depends on the host plant species. We hypothesized that this interdependence is a function of the parameter used to assess the presence of AMF in the roots. In a pot experiment with non‐sterilized soil, we investigated the influence of three soil temperatures (10, 15, and 20°C) on the progress of root colonization of four host plant species (Ornithopus compressus, Lolium rigidum, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays) by indigenous AMF. Plant root density, arbuscular colonization rate (AC) and colonized root density (CRD) were assessed 14, 28, and 42 d after sowing. Based on CRD, the effect of temperature on the progress of root colonization by AMF was independent of the host plant species. The apparent influence of the host plant species was only due to the species‐specific effect of soil temperature on root growth and therefore on AC. The host plant species only determined the minimum temperature for the AM colonization initiation, possibly due to species‐specific response of root growth and exudation to cool temperatures.