bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathologic Response and Long-Term Follow-up in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Comparison Between Classifications and Their Practical Application
Authors: Corben Adriana D. , Abi-Raad Rita , Popa Ion , Teo Clarence H. Y. , Macklin Eric A. , Koerner Frederick C. , Taghian Alphonse G. , Brachtel Elena F. 
Published: July 2013

Context.—Breast cancer is increasingly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to improve surgical resectability and evaluate tumor response, which is assessed histopathologically. Several histopathologic classification systems have been previously described for assessment of treatment response.Objectives.—To test performance in a side-by-side comparison of several histopathologic classification systems after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with clinical outcome.Design.—Sixty-two patients were enrolled in a randomized trial receiving sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Histologic sections from the patients' tumors sampled before (core biopsy) and after treatment (excision or mastectomy) were reviewed. Histologic response was assessed following National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol B18, Miller-Payne grading, Sataloff tumor and nodes, Residual Cancer Burden (RCB), and Residual Disease in Breast and Nodes (RDBN). Pathologic classification results were correlated with survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazards regression with a median follow-up of 93 months.Results.—RDBN was associated with distant disease-free survival by univariate and multivariate analysis (P = .01 and .004, respectively), as were lymph node metastases (P = .02 and .01, respectively). Five patients (8%) had complete pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and none of them relapsed during the study period. Survival was shorter among patients with higher Residual Cancer Burden scores, but the associations were not significant. Miller-Payne grading and Sataloff tumor scores were not correlated with survival.Conclusions.—Evaluation of breast specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy by the composite index RDBN correlates with long-term outcome. The residual disease in breast and nodes system is suitable for routinely processed pathology cases. This study confirms the importance of lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and favorable outcome in patients with pathologic complete response.
Biological Variations of Hematologic Parameters Determined by UniCel DxH 800 Hematology Analyzer
Authors: Zhang Pianhong , Tang Huqiang , Chen Keqing , Chen Yingying , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: July 2013

Context.—The Coulter DxH 800 hematology analyzer can determine conventional hematologic parameters. It also provides many new hematologic parameters, some of which show potential clinical utility.
Objectives.—To study, for the first time, the biological variations of new hematologic parameters and reinvestigate the biological variations of conventional hematologic parameters using the newest Coulter hematology analyzer.
Design.—Forty adult volunteers (21 women and 19 men) were included. All participants maintained their normal lifestyles. Blood samples were drawn in duplicate by a single experienced phlebotomist and analyzed within 2 hours using a single analyzer. Before each batch analysis, the instrument quality controls were performed using the same lots of reagents.
Results.—Within-subject and between-subject biological variations for the conventional hematologic parameters were compatible with published data. The analytic variation of the DxH 800 for these parameters appeared smaller. Index of individuality (ratio of within-subject to between-subject biological variation) for all parameters was low. In addition, intraday and interday biological variations of most parameters studied are fairly constant among the population examined.
Conclusions.—These observations are clinically valuable. Data on within-subject biological variation and analytic precision may be used to generate objective delta-check values for use in quality management. Comparing within-subject and between-subject biological variation on new parameters may allow us to decide the utility of traditional population-based reference ranges. Furthermore, documentation of biological variations of new parameters is an essential prerequisite in the development of any clinical application in the future.
Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) Using the KeyPath MRSA/MSSA Blood Culture Test and the BacT/ALERT System in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Sullivan Kaede V. , Turner Nicole N. , Roundtree Sylvester S. , McGowan Karin L. 
Published: July 2013

Context.—Timely initiation of directed antimicrobial therapy for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is dependent on rapid identification of S aureus to ascertain methicillin-susceptibility status.
Objectives.—To investigate the performance of the rapid KeyPath (MicroPhage, Inc, Longmont, Colorado) methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) blood culture test (MMBT).
Design.—Positive BacT/ALERT Pediatric FAN (fastidious antibiotic neutralization) blood culture bottles (bioMérieux, Inc, Durham, North Carolina) were tested prospectively using MMBT and routine bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing procedures as the gold standard. The MMBT uses an S aureus–specific bacteriophage cocktail that infects bacterial cells and replicates them, resulting in cellular lysis. Bacteriophage-specific antibodies detect the increase in bacteriophage concentration in an immunoassay device. Phage amplification, in both the presence and absence of cefoxitin, indicates the presence of MRSA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MMBT in detecting S aureus, MSSA, and MRSA were calculated.
Results.—Of 188 positive blood cultures tested, 199 (63%) had Gram-positive cocci in clusters, 46 (24%) grew S aureus (26 MSSA [57%], 20 MRSA [43%]) with the MMBT detecting 40 of 46 (87%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value among blood cultures with Gram-positive cocci in clusters were 87%, 100%, 100%, and 92% for S aureus; 81%, 100%, 100%, and 95% for MSSA; and 95%, 100%, 100%, and 99% for MRSA. All blood cultures without growth of S aureus tested negative by MMBT.
Conclusions.—The MMBT detected MSSA and MRSA directly from positive BacT/ALERT PF bottles with positive predictive values of 100%, suggesting that positive results could be reported immediately, but the sensitivity of this assay limited immediate reporting of negative results.
The Elusive Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Visual Attention and Eyewitness Memory
Authors: Harvey Alistair J. , Kneller Wendy , Campbell Alison C. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAlcohol is a contributing factor in many crimes, yet little is known of its effects on eyewitness memory and face identification. Some authors suggest that intoxication impairs attention and memory, particularly for peripheral scene information, but the data supporting this claim are limited. The present study therefore sought to determine whether (i) intoxicated participants spend less time fixating on peripheral regions of crime images than sober counterparts, (ii) whether less information is recognised from image regions receiving fewer gaze fixations and (iii) whether intoxicated participants are less able to identify the perpetrator of a crime than sober participants. Contrary to expectations, participants' ability to explore and subsequently recognise the contents of the stimulus scenes was unaffected by alcohol, suggesting that the relationship between intoxication, attention and eyewitness memory requires closer scrutiny. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective and objective measures of hot flashes
Authors: Sievert Lynnette Leidy 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTUp to 75% of women in the US report having experienced hot flashes during the menopausal transition. The purpose of this review is to describe the physiology of hot flashes, and the ways in which hot flashes have been examined by subjective report and by objective measurement. Hot flashes occur because of an activation of the heat dissipation response, possibly triggered by a hypothalamic mechanism within the context of declining estrogen levels. There is cross‐population variation in the frequency of self‐reported hot flashes, although cross‐study comparisons are problematic because of incompatibilities in study design. Diaries are a good way to collect information on the time and severity of hot flashes, and body diagrams allow researchers to study the pattern of heat and sweating. Hot flashes can be objectively measured by increases in heart rate, finger blood flow, respiratory exchange ratio, skin temperature, and core body temperature. Sternal skin conductance is the method most highly correlated with subjective hot flash report. In a laboratory, concordance between subjective report and sternal skin conductance can approach 100%. Ambulatory monitoring allows for the tracking of hot flashes during a woman's daily routine or sleep; however, concordance is much lower with ambulatory, compared to laboratory, monitoring. The study of hot flashes at menopause provides a model for the study of any experience that can be assessed by both self‐report and biometric measurement. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 25:573‐580, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wrist breadth and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in youth: The fels longitudinal study
Authors: Mueller Noel T. , Johnson William , Odegaard Andrew O. , Lee Miryoung , Czerwinski Stefan A. , Demerath Ellen W. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThere is biological crosstalk between insulin signaling and bone remodeling pathways, and wrist circumference and bone area were recently found to associate with insulin resistance independent of body mass index (BMI) in overweight/obese children. We aimed to expand on this work by using more specific measures of adiposity for adjustment and examining children with broader range of BMI.MethodsWe used serial data (1,051 total measures) on 313 non‐Hispanic white youth (ages 8–18 y) from the Fels Longitudinal Study with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) as the outcome. Internal standard deviation score (SDS) for wrist breadth was evaluated as a predictor of HOMA‐IR (log‐transformed) before and after adjusting for internal‐sample SDSs for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and total body fat (TBF) from dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, in addition to age, sex, Tanner stage, and birth year, using generalized estimating equations.ResultsBefore additional adiposity adjustment, we found a significant positive association between wrist breadth SDS and log‐transformed HOMA‐IR (β = 0.13; 95%CI: 0.09–0.17), which remained significant after adjusting for TBF SDS (β = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.05–0.13; P < 0.001), BMI SDS (β = 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02–0.10; P = 0.007), and WC SDS (β = 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02–0.09; P = 0.005).ConclusionsFurther work is needed to determine whether simple frame size measures such as wrist breadth may be useful markers of metabolic risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 25:581‐585, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic evidence does not support an etruscan origin in Anatolia
Authors: Tassi Francesca , Ghirotto Silvia , Caramelli David , Barbujani Guido 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe debate on the origins of Etruscans, documented in central Italy between the eighth century BC and the first century AD, dates back to antiquity. Herodotus described them as a group of immigrants from Lydia, in Western Anatolia, whereas for Dionysius of Halicarnassus they were an indigenous population. Dionysius' view is shared by most modern archeologists, but the observation of similarities between the (modern) mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of Turks and Tuscans was interpreted as supporting an Anatolian origin of the Etruscans. However, ancient DNA evidence shows that only some isolates, and not the bulk of the modern Tuscan population, are genetically related to the Etruscans. In this study, we tested alternative models of Etruscan origins by Approximate Bayesian Computation methods, comparing levels of genetic diversity in the mtDNAs of modern and ancient populations with those obtained by millions of computer simulations. The results show that the observed genetic similarities between modern Tuscans and Anatolians cannot be attributed to an immigration wave from the East leading to the onset of the Etruscan culture in Italy. Genetic links between Tuscany and Anatolia do exist, but date back to a remote stage of prehistory, possibly but not necessarily to the spread of farmers during the Neolithic period. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:11–18, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex estimation based on deciduous and permanent dentition in a contemporary spanish population
Authors: Viciano Joan , López‐Lázaro Sandra , Alemán Inmaculada 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTSex estimation of skeletal remains with satisfactory allocation accuracy represents an essential step in reconstructing the biological profile of unknown individuals in archaeological research and forensic practice. Teeth are among the most frequently recovered physical elements of an individual that remain after death due to their hardness, durability, and resistance to postmortem insults. This study was based on the deciduous and permanent dentition of 269 individuals (150 males and 119 females) from the Granada osteological collection of identified infants, young children, and adults (Granada, Spain). Mesiodistal, buccolingual, and diagonal crown and cervical diameters of both dentitions were measured, and logistic regression analyses were performed to create equations for sex discrimination. The results show that the first and second deciduous molars and the permanent canines are the teeth with the greatest sexual dimorphism, providing percentages of correct assignment of sex between 78.1 and 93.1% in deciduous dentition and between 79.4 and 92.6% in permanent teeth, depending on the dimensions used. The results indicate that this method may be applicable as an adjunct with other accepted procedures for sex estimation when fragmentary skeletal remains are encountered in archaeological excavations and in forensic contexts. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:163–164, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Manual pressure distribution patterns of knuckle‐walking apes
Authors: Matarazzo Stacey 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDifferences in how the hands of gorillas and chimpanzees contact the ground while knuckle walking have been noted but generally not quantified. It is widely believed that gorillas maintain a pronated arm and contact the ground with digits 2–5 consistently, while chimpanzees have variable arm position and digit contact. To further test these generalizations, distribution of pressure across the manus, peak digital pressures, and hand position were quantified using a pressure mat in eight captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and seven gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). Chimpanzees and gorillas make initial ground contact with the ulnar aspect of the hand and pressure moves radially. They differ in which digit usually makes final contact and receives maximum pressure, and hand position during contact. Gorillas regularly use a palm‐back hand position and touch‐off with digit 2. They show less variation in pressure application across the digits. Chimpanzees are more variable in hand position and pressure application. In both, hand position plays a key role in determining which digit acts as the final touch‐off element. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:44–50, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: Hair density and body mass in mammals and the evolution of human hairlessness
Authors: Sandel Aaron A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTHumans are unusual among mammals in appearing hairless. Several hypotheses propose explanations for this phenotype, but few data are available to test these hypotheses. To elucidate the evolutionary history of human “hairlessness,” a comparative approach is needed. One previous study on primate hair density concluded that great apes have systematically less dense hair than smaller primates. While there is a negative correlation between body size and hair density, it remains unclear whether great apes have less dense hair than is expected for their body size. To revisit the scaling relationship between hair density and body size in mammals, I compiled data from the literature on 23 primates and 29 nonprimate mammals and conducted Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares regressions. Among anthropoids, there is a significant negative correlation between hair density and body mass. Chimpanzees display the largest residuals, exhibiting less dense hair than is expected for their body size. There is a negative correlation between hair density and body mass among the broader mammalian sample, although the functional significance of this scaling relationship remains to be tested. Results indicate that all primates, and chimpanzees in particular, are relatively hairless compared to other mammals. This suggests that there may have been selective pressures acting on the ancestor of humans and chimpanzees that led to an initial reduction in hair density. To further understand the evolution of human hairlessness, a systematic study of hair density and physiology in a wide range of species is necessary. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:145–150, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoneutral conditions in dry reforming of ethanol
Authors: Kale Ganesh R. , Kulkarni Bhaskar D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe reaction enthalpy (ΔH) of reforming processes like steam and dry (CO2) reforming is of great importance for scale‐up and process development. Generally, the reforming processes are considered endothermic in nature. However, a detailed study of the reaction enthalpy of reforming process, taking the example of dry reforming of ethanol considered in this study, reveals the existence of exothermic reaction enthalpy at low temperatures. A study of reaction enthalpy of ethanol dry reforming within pressure (1–10 bar), temperature range (300–900 °C), and CO2 to carbon in ethanol ratio (CCER 1–5) was initiated to determine the existence of thermoneutral temperatures for the overall reaction. The variation of thermoneutral conditions and product yields at the thermoneutral temperatures was studied. The utilization potential of the products generated at thermoneutral conditions was also evaluated. The low‐pressure thermoneutral operation favored higher hydrogen production, lower methane and water formation, whereas the high‐pressure thermoneutral operation favored product gas of lower syngas ratio with higher CO2 conversion (utilization) in the process. The study can be extended to steam and dry reforming of other fuels to generate valuable products at thermoneutral conditions avoiding use of air in the process and subsequent N2 dilution of the product gas. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymorphic crystallization of poly(butylene adipate) and its copolymer: Effect of poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Liang Zhichao , Yang Jinjun , Hua Lei , Pan Pengju , Huang Jian , Zhang Jianjun , Abe Hideki , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe crystallization kinetics and crystalline structure of the biodegradable polymorphic polymers, poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐hexamethylene adipate), in the microparticles and nanoparticles covered by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and those on the PVA substrate were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Both the polymers crystallized in the particle state and on the PVA substrate showed higher crystallization temperatures in the nonisothermal melt crystallization and shorter crystallization times in the isothermal crystallization; this indicated a faster crystallization of the polymer in the particle state and on the PVA substrate than that of the bulk sample. Furthermore, the polymers in the particle state and on the PVA substrate showed the preferential formation of the β‐type crystalline form of PBA compared to the bulk one. The mechanism for the effects of the PVA layer or substrate on the crystallization kinetics and crystalline structure of PBA and its copolyesters are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39600.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Separation Efficiency of Metal Filter Media in Consideration of Particle Bounce
Authors: Warth Tobias , Piesche Manfred 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBei der Gasreinigung kann das Abscheide‐ und Einlagerungsverhalten von Feststoffpartikeln in Filtermedien stark vom Haften oder Abprallen der Partikel beeinflusst werden. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird daher ausgehend von Untersuchungen aus der Literatur an Einzelfasern das Prallverhalten von Polystyrol‐Partikeln an Geweben und Vliesen aus Metall untersucht. Die Versuche dienen als Basis für die Anpassung einer Berechnungsgleichung sowie der Validierung von Simulationen unter Berücksichtigung prallender Partikel. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass mit beiden Methoden der Trenngrad verschiedener Filtermedien im Filterprüfstand vorhergesagt werden kann.
Pressure drop in tapered bubble columns using non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic liquid—experimental and ANN prediction
Authors: Jana Sumit Kumar , Biswas Asit Baran , Das Sudip Kumar 
Published: July 2013

AbstractExperimental studies on the pressure drop in tapered bubble columns using non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic liquid have been reported. The effects of different variables such as liquid flow rate, clear liquid height, hole diameter of sieve plate, pseudoplasticity of the liquid on the frictional pressure drop have been investigated. The ANN with multilayer perceptron (MPL) with one hidden layer and four different transfer functions with backpropagation algorithm were used to demonstrate its applicability in the prediction of the frictional pressure drop.