bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing to avert disaster: Explaining collective resilience at an outdoor music event
Authors: Drury John , Novelli David , Stott Clifford 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that psychological membership of crowds can protect people in dangerous events, although the underlying social–psychological processes have not been fully investigated. There is also evidence that those responsible for managing crowd safety view crowds as a source of psychological danger, views that may themselves impact upon crowd safety; yet, there has been little examination of how such ‘disaster myths’ operate in practice. In a study of an outdoor music event characterized as a near disaster, analysis of questionnaire survey data (N = 48) showed that social identification with the crowd predicted feeling safe directly as well as indirectly through expectations of help and trust in others in the crowd to deal with an emergency. In a second study of the same event, qualitative analysis of interviews (N = 20) and of contemporaneous archive materials showed that, in contrast to previous findings, crowd safety professionals' references to ‘mass panic’ were highly nuanced. Despite an emphasis by some safety professionals on crowd ‘disorder’, crowd participants and some of the professionals also claimed that self‐organization in the crowd prevented disaster.
“Self‐promotion”: How regulatory focus affects the pursuit of self‐interest at the expense of the group
Authors: Zaal Maarten P. , Van Laar Colette , Ståhl Tomas , Ellemers Naomi , Derks Belle 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSelf‐interested behavior may have positive consequences for individual group‐members, but also negatively affects the outcomes of the group when group‐level and individual‐level interests are misaligned. In two studies, we examined such self‐interested, group‐undermining behavior from the perspective of regulatory focus theory. We predicted that when individual and group interests are out of alignment, individuals under promotion focus would be more likely than individuals under prevention focus to pursue individual success at the expense of their group. Two studies provided support for this prediction. Promotion oriented individuals were more willing to act in their self‐interest (at the expense of their group) than individuals under prevention focus when self‐interested goals were not compatible with cooperation. No effect of regulatory focus on group loyalty was found when cooperation formed the only viable route to individual success. We discuss how these findings extend our understanding of the role of regulatory focus in social situations and of the practice of ensuring loyalty in contexts where individual and group goals are misaligned while cooperation is an important part of group success.
The effect of implementation intentions on transfer of training
Authors: Friedman Shlomit , Ronen Simcha 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo experiments investigated the effect of forming implementation intentions on transfer of training in two training programs. In the first experiment (N = 37), trainees who formed implementation intentions implemented active listening skills sooner, and to a greater degree, than those in the control group. In the second experiment (n = 28), conducted in the field, trainees who formed implementation intentions received a higher performance score for implementing the trained behavior compared with those in the control condition. Results from both experiments provide empirical evidence suggesting that forming implementation intentions at the end of a training program increases the likelihood of using the newly acquired skills.
The threat of moral transgression: The impact of group membership and moral opportunity
Authors: van der Toorn Jojanneke , Ellemers Naomi , Doosje Bertjan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhen other ingroup members behave immorally, people's motivation to maintain a moral group image may cause them to experience increased threat and act defensively in response. In the current research, we investigated people's reactions to others' misconduct and examined the effect of group membership and the possible threat‐reducing function of moral opportunity—the prospect of being able to re‐establish the group's moral image. In Study 1, students who were confronted with fellow students' plagiarism and who received an opportunity to improve their group's morality reported feeling less threatened than students who did not receive such opportunity. In Study 2, students reacted to a recent academic fraud case, which either implicated an ingroup (scholar in their own discipline) or an outgroup member (scholar in another discipline). Results indicated that participants experienced more threat when an ingroup (versus an outgroup) member had committed the moral transgression. However, as hypothesized, this was not the case when moral opportunity was provided. Hence, the threat‐reducing effect of moral opportunity was replicated. Additionally, participants generally were more defensive in response to ingroup (versus outgroup) moral failure and less defensive when moral opportunity was present (versus absent). Together, these findings suggest that the reduction of threat due to moral opportunity may generally help individuals take constructive action when the behavior of fellow group members discredits the group's moral image.
Autonomic and brain responses associated with empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Gu Xiaosi , Eilam‐Stock Tehila , Zhou Thomas , Anagnostou Evdokia , Kolevzon Alexander , Soorya Latha , Hof Patrick R. , Friston Karl J. , Fan Jin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that autonomic signals and their cortical representations are closely linked to emotional processes, and that related abnormalities could lead to social deficits. Although socio‐emotional impairments are a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), empirical evidence directly supporting the link between autonomic, cortical, and socio‐emotional abnormalities in ASD is still lacking. In this study, we examined autonomic arousal indexed by skin conductance responses (SCR), concurrent cortical responses measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and effective brain connectivity estimated by dynamic causal modeling in seventeen unmedicated high‐functioning adults with ASD and seventeen matched controls while they performed an empathy‐for‐pain task. Compared to controls, adults with ASD showed enhanced SCR related to empathetic pain, along with increased neural activity in the anterior insular cortex, although their behavioral empathetic pain discriminability was reduced and overall SCR was decreased. ASD individuals also showed enhanced correlation between SCR and neural activities in the anterior insular cortex. Importantly, significant group differences in effective brain connectivity were limited to greater reduction in the negative intrinsic connectivity of the anterior insular cortex in the ASD group, indicating a failure in attenuating anterior insular responses to empathetic pain. These results suggest that aberrant interoceptive precision, as indexed by abnormalities in autonomic activity and its central representations, may underlie empathy deficits in ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3323–3338, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published byWiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating Comic Books in Nigeria
Authors: Bitz Michael , Emejulu Obiajulu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article is an international reflection on literacy, creativity, and student engagement. The authors collaborated to help Nigerian youths and their teachers develop, design, and share original comic books. By leveraging student engagement for literacy learning, the authors highlighted the crucial role of creativity in the classroom. The Nigerian educators—some of whom had never before heard of comic books—became advocates of a new pathway to literacy. Their success is especially remarkable in the face of many adversities, including an unstable power supply, lack of resources, security concerns, and low wages for teachers. The perseverance of these educators is a testament to their passion for teaching and learning, and a lesson for everyone in the worldwide effort to promote literacy.
A method for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in conscious monkeys
Authors: Satoh Hiroshi , Nomiya Nana , Imai Daiki , Sato Shigeru , Sakurai Ken , Takasuna Kiyoshi , Furuhama Kazuhisa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo establish a method for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in conscious monkeys, the radiographic contrast medium iodixanol and the standard agent inulin were coadministered as tracers to male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) as a bolus injection; blood was collected after 60, 90 and 120 min. An equation based on a single‐blood‐sample method derived from Jacobsson's formula was prepared using the data from healthy and saline‐ and gentamicin‐treated monkeys by a multisample strategy with iodixanol. The GFR using the equation with iodixanol was in agreement with that from the multisample method with inulin or iodixanol. When the GFR decreased to more than 60% of the basal reference level, serum creatinine concentrations tended to increase, whereas serum blood urea nitrogen concentrations fluctuated. The results suggest that the single‐sample‐blood method with iodixanol is a practical tool for estimating the monkey GFR in a toxicological research setting therefore minimizing animal sufferings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vapour phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols over Cu/SBA‐15 catalysts
Authors: Harisekhar Mitta , Pavan Kumar Vanama , Shanthi Priya Samudrala , Chary Komandur VR 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiomass‐derived glycerol is emerging as a renewable, cheap and versatile feedstock for the production of a variety of chemicals and fuels.RESULTSCu catalysts with varying copper loadings ranging from 2.5 to 20 wt% supported on SBA‐15 were investigated for the vapour phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols. The dispersion of Cu and copper metal area on mesoporous SBA‐15 was determined by pulse N2O decomposition measurements. The X‐ray diffraction patterns suggest that the presence of highly dispersed copper oxide species at lower Cu loadings (≤5Cu) and as crystalline CuO phase at higher Cu loadings (≥10 wt% Cu). The acidity of the catalysts measured by NH3 ‐TPD method reveals that the acidity of the samples increases with increase of copper loading up to 5 wt% and decreases at higher copper loadings. The catalytic functionalities during the vapour phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols are correlated with the copper oxide dispersion and also with the acidic propertiesCONCLUSIONSIn summary, 5Cu/SBA‐15 catalyst was found to consist of highly dispersed copper oxide on the support, evidenced by XRD, TPR and N2O decomposition studies. This catalyst exhibits high glycerol conversion (90%) and 84% selectivity of 1,2‐propanediol. The activity results are well correlated with Cu dispersion and acidity of the catalysts. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Generation and characterization of osteochondral grafts with human nasal chondrocytes
Authors: Barandun Marina , Iselin Lukas Daniel , Santini Francesco , Pansini Michele , Scotti Celeste , Baumhoer Daniel , Bieri Oliver , Studler Ueli , Wirz Dieter , Haug Martin , Jakob Marcel , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Martin Ivan , Barbero Andrea 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigated whether nasal chondrocytes (NC) can be used to generate composite constructs with properties necessary for the repair of osteochondral (OC) lesions, namely maturation, integration and capacity to recover from inflammatory burst. OC grafts were fabricated by combining engineered cartilage tissues (generated by culturing NC or articular chondrocytes – AC – onto Chondro‐Gide® matrices) with devitalized spongiosa cylinders (Tutobone®). OC tissues were then exposed to IL‐1β for three days and cultured for additional 2 weeks in the absence of IL‐1β. Cartilage maturation extent was assessed (immune) histologically, biochemically and by delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) while cartilage/bone integration was assessed using a peel‐off mechanical test. The use of NC as compared to AC allowed for more efficient cartilage matrix accumulation and superior integration of the cartilage/bone layers. dGEMRIC and biochemical analyzes of the OC constructs showed a reduced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents upon IL‐1β administration. Cartilaginous matrix contents and integration forces returned to baseline up on withdrawal of IL‐1β. By having a cartilage layer well developed and strongly integrated to the subchondral layer, OC tissues generated with NC may successfully engraft in an inflammatory post‐surgery joint environment. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1111–1119, 2015.
Effects of applying molasses, lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production of total mixed ration silage prepared with oat–common vetch intercrop on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Lei , Guo Gang , Yuan Xianjun , Zhang Jie , Li Junfeng , Shao Tao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of molasses, lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production of total mixed ration (TMR) silage prepared with oat–common vetch intercrop on the Tibetan plateau. TMR (436 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) was ensiled with six experimental treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) molasses (M); (3) an inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) (L); (4) propionic acid (P); (5) molasses + propionic acid (MP); (6) inoculant + propionic acid (LP).RESULTAll silages were well preserved with low pH (< 4.19) and NH3‐N contents, and high lactic acid contents after ensiling for 45 days. L and PL silages underwent a more efficient fermentation than silages without L. P and MP silages inhibited lactic acid production. Under aerobic conditions, M and L silage reduced aerobic stability for 15 and 74 h, respectively. All silages that had propionic acid in their treatments markedly (P < 0.05) improved the aerobic stability. After 72 h incubation, all additives treatments increased (P < 0.05) the 72 h cumulative gas production and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) as compared with the control. L treatment decreased (P < 0.05) in vitro neutral detergent fibre degradability.CONCLUSIONSOur findings show that TMR prepared with oat–common vetch intercrop can be well preserved. Although propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria, and when used together, they had minor effects on fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of TMR silage prepared with oat–common vetch intercrop. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionalization of Reactive End Groups in Surface‐Initiated Kumada Catalyst‐Transfer Polycondensation
Authors: Huddleston N. Eric , Roy Anandi , Bilbrey Jenna A. , Zhao Yiping , Locklin Jason 
Published: May 2015

SummarySurface‐initiated Kumada‐catalyst transfer polycondensation (SI‐KCTP) has become the preferred method for fabricating surface‐bound conjugated polymer thin films. Here, the chain‐growth character of SI‐KCTP is exploited to allow for re‐initiation of surface‐bound films. Additionally, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is shown to be a powerful tool in the analysis of surface‐bound intermediates.
POLY(N‐VINYLPYRROLIDONE) PROTECTED GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Ibrayeva Zhanar , Baigaziyeva Elmira , Yesmurzayeva Nurlykyz , Tatykhanova Gulnur , Yashkarova Marziya , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt 
Published: May 2015

SummaryGold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles protected by poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and β‐Cyclodextrine (β‐CD) were prepared by Turkevich method and “one‐pot” synthetic protocol. Absorption spectra, size, morphology, structure and thermal properties of AuNPs and AgNPs were studied by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, TEM and DSC. According to DLS measurement the average size of AuNPs stabilized by PVP in aqueous solution is varied from 10 to 25 nm while the same parameter of AgNPs stabilized by PVP and β‐CD was in the range of 7‐25 nm. PVP and β‐CD protected AuNPs and AgNPs were deposited on aluminum and zinc oxides by impregnation method. It was found that the amount of AuNPs‐PVP deposited onto Al2O3 and ZnO does not exceed 0.07‐0.1%. SEM and TEM images reveal that the average size of AuNPs‐PVP deposited on the surface of Al2O3 is arranged between 8 and 30 nm and coincides well with DLS measurement. The catalytic activity of polymer‐protected AuNPs and AgNPs supported on the surface of Al2O3 and ZnO was evaluated with respect to decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The optimal conditions for H2O2 decomposition in relation to catalysts amount, concentration of substrate and temperature was found. The rate of H2O2 decomposition in the presence of Al2O3/AuNPs‐PVP exhibits an induction period, is dependentupon the molecular weight of PVP and increases in the following order: PVP‐350 kD > PVP‐40 kD > PVP‐10 kD. The H2O2 decomposition rate in the presence of Al2O3/AuNPs‐PVP is much higher than that of Al2O3/AgNPs‐PVP.
Synthesis of Poly(TEMPO‐Substituted Glycidyl Ether) by Utilizing t‐BuOK/18‐Crown‐6 for an Organic Cathode‐Active Material
Authors: Sato Kan , Sukegawa Takashi , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA nitroxide radical‐substituted polyether, poly(TEMPO‐substituted glycidyl ether) (PTGE), was synthesized using a potassium tert‐butoxide/18‐crown‐6 initiator. The presence of 18‐crown‐6 effected significant improvement in the reactivity of the chain end, thus allowing the polymerization to proceed at moderate temperatures to suppress the deactivation of the pendant nitroxide group. A high molecular‐weight polyether with a theoretical radical concentration was first obtained in high yield. Charging and discharging cyclability was much improved by cross‐linking, which helped the electrode‐active material stay on a current collector during the electrolysis. The polymer/vapor‐grown carbon nanofiber composite electrode exhibited a redox capacity comparable to the formula weight‐based theoretical density over 103 cycles and fast charging/discharging capability up to a rate of 60 C which corresponded to full charging and discharging in 60 s. The redox capacity was almost maintained for a composite layer with a remarkably high polymer ratio of 90 %, which demonstrated the presence of effective percolation network of the carbon nanofiber due likely to the affinity of the polyether to the carbon material.
ACONITIC ACID: OLD COMPOUND, NEW USES
Authors: Dorman Derek , Madsen Lee , Day Donal 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBiodegradable polyester was synthesized from aconitic acid, glycerol and cinnamic acid. The resulting polymer could be cured to various degrees of crosslinking affording the ability to adjust the rate of degradation. The monomer stoichiometry can be adjusted to change the swelling characteristics of the polymer.
Macromolecular Acrylamide Complexes of Rhodium: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Kalinina Kseniia S. , Golubeva Nina D. , Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian I. , Pomogailo Anatoly D. 
Published: May 2015

SummarySummary Novel acrylamide complexes of Rh(III) nitrate were synthesized and characterized. They possess the ability to polymerize in the frontal regime in a condensed state as a result of thermal initiation. Polymerization was shown to occur directly in the melting region of a complex at 130−140°C. The synthesis of the acrylamide complex of Rh(III) nitrate on the surface of inorganic supports followed by polymerization and reduction results in the formation of a polymer inorganic composite with inclusions of Rh nanoparticles stabilized by the polymer matrix on the support surface.
What does the beck depression inventory measure in myocardial infarction patients? a psychometric approach using item response theory and person‐fit
Authors: Wardenaar Klaas J. , Wanders Rob B.K. , Roest Annelieke M. , Meijer Rob R. , De Jonge Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObserved associations between depression following myocardial infarction (MI) and adverse cardiac outcomes could be overestimated due to patients’ tendency to over report somatic depressive symptoms. This study was aimed to investigate this issue with modern psychometrics, using item response theory (IRT) and person‐fit statistics to investigate if the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measures depression or something else among MI‐patients.An IRT‐model was fit to BDI‐data of 1135 MI patients. Patients’ adherence to this IRT‐model was investigated with person‐fit statistics. Subgroups of “atypical” (low person‐fit) and “prototypical” (high person‐fit) responders were identified and compared in terms of item‐response patterns, psychiatric diagnoses, socio‐demographics and somatic factors. In the IRT model, somatic items had lower thresholds compared to depressive mood/cognition items. Empirically identified “atypical” responders (n = 113) had more depressive mood/cognitions, scored lower on somatic items and more often had a Comprehensive International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) depressive diagnosis than “prototypical” responders (n = 147). Additionally, “atypical” responders were younger and more likely to smoke. In conclusion, the BDI measures somatic symptoms in most MI patients, but measures depression in a subgroup of patients with atypical response patterns. The presented approach to account for interpersonal differences in item responding could help improve the validity of depression assessments in somatic patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.