bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Genes Underlying Hypoxia Tolerance inDrosophilaby a P-element Screen
Authors: Azad Priti , Zhou Dan , Zarndt Rachel , Haddad Gabriel G 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHypoxia occurs in physiologic conditions (e.g. high altitude) or during pathologic states (e.g. ischemia). Our research is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to adaptation and survival or injury to hypoxic stress using Drosophila as a model system. To identify genes involved in hypoxia tolerance, we screened the P-SUP P-element insertion lines available for all the chromosomes of Drosophila. We screened for the eclosion rates of embryos developing under 5% O2 condition and the number of adult flies surviving one week after eclosion in the same hypoxic environment. Out of 2187 lines (covering ∼1870 genes) screened, 44 P-element lines representing 44 individual genes had significantly higher eclosion rates (i.e. &gt;70%) than those of the controls (i.e. ∼7–8%) under hypoxia. The molecular function of these candidate genes ranged from cell cycle regulation, DNA or protein binding, GTP binding activity, and transcriptional regulators. In addition, based on pathway analysis, we found these genes are involved in multiple pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, Jnk, and Hedgehog. Particularly, we found that 20 out of the 44 candidate genes are linked to Notch signaling pathway, strongly suggesting that this pathway is essential for hypoxia tolerance in flies. By employing the UAS/RNAi-Gal4 system, we discovered that genes such as osa (linked to Wnt and Notch pathways) and lqf (Notch regulator) play an important role in survival and development under hypoxia in Drosophila. Based on these results and our previous studies, we conclude that hypoxia tolerance is a polygenic trait including the Notch pathway.
Decreased Incidence of Pneumothorax in VLBW Infants After Increased Monitoring of Tidal Volumes
Authors: Vellanki Haritha , Antunes Michael , Locke Robert G. , McGreevy Theresa , Mackley Amy , Eubanks Jacquline J. , Western Mike , Emberger John , Paul David A. 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Pneumothorax is common in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. In our NICU, we noted an above average incidence of pneumothorax compared with similar NICUs based on Vermont Oxford Network benchmarking. The quality improvement project was designed to decrease the incidence of pneumothorax in VLBW infants in a tertiary care NICU.

METHODS:
The project was divided into 2 periods. During period 1, all VLBW infants were followed for 6 months for the presence of pneumothorax. A multidisciplinary team met regularly to review cases of pneumothorax and identify potential causes. High tidal volumes (VT) (&gt;6 mL/kg) were noted around the time of occurrence of pneumothorax. Guidelines were developed for improved monitoring and rapid feedback of VT and peak inspiratory pressure between nursing staff and clinicians. During period 2, these guidelines were implemented and VLBW infants were again followed for 6 months. The incidence of pneumothorax was tracked. Run charts were used to monitor changes.

RESULTS:
The incidence of pneumothorax in VLBW infants decreased from 10.4% to 2.6% after the intervention (P = .04). By using process control, a reduction in pneumothorax was achieved in period 2.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increased vigilance and real-time monitoring of VT and peak inspiratory pressure decreased the incidence of pneumothorax in our population of VLBW infants. These interventions can be considered in other NICUs with an above-average risk adjusted incidence of pneumothorax in VLBW infants. Our data illustrate the benefits of comparative benchmarking and organized quality improve-ment in advancing patient care outcomes.
Factors Influencing Participation in a Population-based Biorepository for Childhood Heart Disease
Authors: Papaz Tanya , Safi Mina , Manickaraj Ashok-Kumar , Ogaki Carly , Breaton Kyryliuk Jennifer , Burrill Liz , Dodge Christine , Chant-Gambacort Catherine , Walter Laura-Lee , Rosenberg Herschel , Mondal Tapas , Smythe John , Lougheed Jane , Bergin Lynn , Gordon Elaine , Chitayat David , Oechslin Erwin , Mital Seema 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND:
Consenting minors for genetics research and biobanking involves ethical and social challenges. We examined factors influencing participation rates in a population-based biorepository for childhood heart disease.

METHODS:
Individuals were prospectively enrolled across 7 centers in Ontario by using a standardized consent form. Individuals were approached for consent for the donation of blood/saliva (DNA), tissue, and skin from the affected individual for future genomics and stem cell research. Consent rates were compared between pediatric and adult patients and factors affecting consent were analyzed by using multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
From 2008 to 2011, 3637 patients were approached. A total of 2717 pediatric patients consented (90% consent rate); mean age was 8.5 ± 5.8 years (57% male; 76% white). A total of 561 adult patients consented (92% consent rate, P = .071 versus pediatric). Factors associated with lower pediatric consent rates included younger age, race, absence of complex defects, and location of consent; these were not associated with adult consent rates. Leading causes for refusal of consent were lack of interest in research (43%), overwhelmed clinically (14%), and discomfort with genetics (11%). Concerns related to privacy, insurability, indefinite storage, and ongoing access to medical records were not the leading causes for refusal.

CONCLUSIONS:
The high pediatric consent rate (90%) was comparable with that of adults. Ethical, social, or legal issues were not the leading reasons for refusal of consent.
Mental Health Services Use by Children Investigated by Child Welfare Agencies
Authors: Horwitz Sarah McCue , Hurlburt Michael S. , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Heneghan Amy M. , Zhang Jinjin , Rolls-Reutz Jennifer , Fisher Emily , Landsverk John , Stein Ruth E.K. 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE:To examine the rates and predictors of mental health services use for a nationally representative cohort of youths who had been investigated for alleged maltreatment.METHODS:Data came from caregiver and caseworker baseline and 18-month interviews in the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being. These interviews took place from March 2008 to September 2008 and September 2010 to March 2011. Data on family and child characteristics and service use were gathered and examined by using weighted univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS:Children had numerous challenges: 61.8% had a previous report of maltreatment, 46.3% had poor socialization skills, and 23.9% had a mental health problem measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). At baseline, 33.3% received some mental health service and this varied by age, with younger children receiving fewer services. This percentage decreased to 30.9% at the 18-month follow-up, although the youngest children had increases in services use. For younger children, race/ethnicity, out-of-home placement, chronic physical health problems, low adaptive behaviors, and CBCL scores in the clinical range were related to use. For children ≥11, out-of-home placement, high CBCL scores, and family risk factors predicted services use at 18 months.CONCLUSIONS:Mental health services utilization increases as young children come into contact with schools and medical providers or have more intensive involvement with child welfare. Minority children receive fewer services adjusting for need. Over the 18-month follow-up, there was a decrease in service use that may be a result of the tremendous financial challenges taking place in the United States.
Investigation of Growth Behavior of ZnS Nanocrystal by HR-TEM and STEM-Tomography
Authors: Uehara Masato 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWe obtained interestingly-shaped ZnS nanocrystals in oleylamine solution and characterized their structures using HR-TEM and HAADF tomography. These interesting nanocrystals had a conical head rather than the frequently-reported pyramidal one. The cone consisted of not only low-energy planes but high Miller-index planes. In addition, we three-dimensionally and crystallographically investigated the particle growth of these nanocrystals by the same method.
Development of a High-pressure Scanning Probe Microscope for the study of in situ corrosion mechanisms of metallic materials
Authors: Harder Christophe , Berlu L. , Reneaume B. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCorrosion mechanisms take place at the extreme surface of materials before spreading in the bulk. In this way, in situ surface characterization techniques as scanning probe microscopy (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)) allow the observations of the very initial reaction steps.To achieve that goal, an environmental cell has been designed ; it is able to integrate either an atomic force microscope (AFM) or a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This cell can resist to internal pressures ranging from 10-5 to 20 atm. Heterogeneous “solid – gas” reactions that only occur with pressures above several atmospheres, can then be studied. This could be achieved by following the topographical evolution of samples reacting with gaseous species. Identification of the surface defects at the origin of corrosive attacks as well as proposition of reaction mechanisms will be describe in future works.The present work shows first in situ measurements that validate this new and unique experimental “HP-AFM” (High Pressure Atomic Force Microscope). The impact of the atmosphere’s composition as well as the pressure values on the topographical measurements recorded by the AFM system is especially studied.In this way, a calibration standard is used to detect a potential working drift of the AFM system (scanner head displacements, optical detection …) that could lead to eventual distortions of pictures recorded and misinterpretation of observations. This sample has been studied under several experimental conditions and the results have shown an identical behaviour of the AFM used ex situ and in situ under Ar or He up to 1.5 atm as well as a good stability during long recording acquisitions (up to 90 min) necessary for kinetic studies.
Successfull Implentations of Top-Hole Managed Pressure Cementing in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Mir Rajabi M. , Stave R. S. , Rohde B. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Traditionally it has been quite a daunting task to place high-performance cement in tophole sections of many subsea wells, where tight-formation pressure windows pose problems for operators. Cement jobs have reportedly been unsuccessful in numerous cases under such challenging conditions. Losing cement to the formation, plus the added problems of shallow gas and water influx, have been common elements in such cement-job failures.
AGR has developed a cementing method that mitigates the risk of losses in tophole sections during circulation and early gas migration in the dormant and transient-gelation periods. This subsea Managed Pressure Cementing (MPC) method was implemented successfully first time in early 2010 on a subsea well in the Caspian Sea, isolating unconsolidated, overpressurized sand stratum with well-bonded cement. This meant drilling could continue to the next hole section with the desired integrity at the shoe.
Proven Riserless Mud Recovery (RMR) equipment, which includes the Subsea Pump Module (SPM) as the key component of the system, is used for subsea MPC operation. A closed-loop circulation system is established facilitating an excellent level of control over the wellbore pressure gradient, so wellbore pressure falls inside the pressure window of the formation during all stages of the cement job. Any small amount of loss is detected immediately and cured by the subsea pump inlet pressure.
Great potential was seen with this subsea MPC method. Indeed it has not shown any problems that would prevent its use in similar situations. This paper examines details of this method and its successful applications in one of the most challenging areas in offshore.
Dynamic Simulation Applications to Support Challenging Offshore Operations: A Kitan Oil Field Offshore East Timor Case Study
Authors: Yokote Ryosuke , Donagemma Vanni , Mantecon Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper describes the use of multiphase flow numerical transient simulation to assist a petroleum engineer in making proper critical decisions during supervision of well cleanup operations on a rig, and initial well startup operations on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading facility (FPSO).
Eni JPDA 06-105 operates the Kitan oil field located in the Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA) between East Timor and Australia. The Kitan oil field consists of three subsea intelligent wells, subsea flowlines, risers, and one FPSO. The three wells were completed and cleaned up using the rig before the FPSO arrived on location.
The intelligent completions were modeled in detail using commercial dynamic simulation software to establish a sound and safe operating procedure for the well cleanup and well test. The simulation results provided the petroleum engineer on the rig with key operational information, such as the time for the oil to arrive at surface, expected pressure at the down-hole gauges (DHGs) and upstream of the choke manifold, etc. This enhanced the ability of rig site supervisors to anticipate well behavior, enabling a significant risk reduction.
The well models were successfully validated with the data obtained after the well cleanup and well testing campaign was finished. The validated well models were integrated with flowline and riser models to investigate the optimum field startup operations and to overcome constraints in the production system which emerged late in the project. Different topside choke and multi-stage hydraulic down-hole flow control valves (FCVs) opening schedules were tested to predict pressure and temperature at the DHGs, the subsea tree (SST) and the FPSO, as well as the flow rates and oil arrival time at the FPSO.
The dynamic simulation results played an important role in defining a sound and safe operating procedure for the well cleanup and well test, and initial field startup, providing the offshore petroleum engineer with reliable operating guidelines.
Simple Tools for Forecasting Waterflood Performance
Authors: Can B. , Kabir C. S. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Empirical and/or semianalytical tools are frequently applied in most waterflood operations, although grid-based models are also often used. This paper examines the performance of some commonly used tools, such as the water-oil ratio (WOR), Y-function, and Arps. Besides those tools, we introduce a semianalytical approach, which is a modified version of the Y-function formulation. Two other tools that have gained significant traction in unconventional-reservoir performance forecasting, the stretched-exponential decline model (SEDM) and the capacitance-resistance model (CRM), are also used here.
Based on synthetic and field data, the results show that the Arps method is remarkably accurate in all flooding situations, regardless of the underlying physical mechanisms; other published data tend to support this notion. Similarly, both the SEDM and the proposed modified-Y-function method also yield solutions with good accuracy. The latter solutions tend to be pessimistic, however.
Upstream/Downstream Real Time Surveillance and Optimization Systems: Two Sides of the Same Coin, or Never the Twain Shall Meet
Authors: Cramer Ron , Mehrotra Shailendra , Goh KC , Stoever Matt , Berendschot Leo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Downstream Refineries and Chemical Plants have benefited from real time optimization systems (RTO) for the last 30 years. Downstream RTO is a well established and permanent fixture in many plants – the "way we do things ‘round here!". Upstream E&P operations have "come to this party" much more recently and are using RTO more sparingly, even though the economic and HSSE benefits can be very significant.
There are key differences between downstream and upstream. For example, downstream facilities do not deal with sub-surface uncertainties, multiphase flow and isolated/harsh environments; while upstream operations do not usually have to deal with complex chemical processes.
Integrated Oil Companies run upstream and downstream operations and integration of tools/practices across both regimes is often perceived to be of significant value. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast downstream and upstream RTO learnings with a view to identifying and describing:
similarities in production unit operations e.g. fluid separation, compression etc.; key differences between production unit operations; cultural differences between operations; RTO activities from a technical perspective; RTO business benefits and how these might be leveraged and sustained in both directions.
What will emerge from this analysis will be a comparison, highlighting points of commonality and differences, leading to a better understanding of how RTO can be more effectively exploited in the upstream business – the cheapest oil available!
Specifically, it is concluded that RTO in upstream operations is feasible and lucrative, but is relatively rare with sustainability a challenge. Downstream RTO is more common and sustainable, significantly less lucrative, but a "must do" to compete in a highly competitive, margin constrained business.
Case Study: Completion Design and Operation in High Dogleg Coiled Tubing Drilling Wells
Authors: Hamzah N. E. , Abdul Rahman A. A. , Ahmad Fauzi N. , Morris T. , Ibrahim Z. , Jenie J. R. , Chaari Y. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Completion operation is one of the most important contributors to successful well deliverables. Without a proper design of the accessories and efficient operation in conveying the completion assembly, the true potential of a well may not be realized. Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) was first attempted in Peninsular Malaysia in February 2011 and the wells were designed to be completed as Coiled Tubing (CT) re-entry sidetrack using 2-3/8" pre-drilled liner and swell packers with maximum inclination of 90° angle and dogleg ranges between 30-60° per 100 feet.
The liner and swell packer assembly were designed to be conveyed to the target zone via coiled tubing and to go through 3 ½" tubing with maximum clearance of 2.8" and dual casing exit from the existing completion setup. Apart from the small and rigid clearance, another challenges that the team faced was differential sticking due to mud property that was used to maintain hole stability and to prevent the hole from collapsing before the completion was placed. Since the completion would be conveyed through high dogleg environment, the type of liner and swell packer chosen had to able to withstand the bending stresses applied to it. A small error will result in parted assembly or inability for it to be conveyed all the way to the intended zone.
This paper presents the challenges faced during the design and completion operations and discusses the program devised to overcome the above mentioned issues. Based on the lesson learnt from previous wells in which the operations were not 100% successful, the team made significant improvements in terms of mud property, swell packer design, procedure changes and introduction of friction reducer into the completion program of the final and last well of the campaign that finally enabled the liner to be conveyed to the total depth (TD) successfully.
The Development and Field Performance of a Novel Open Hole Packer System for Deep Water, High Rate, Water Injection Wells With Down Hole Flow Control. A Deep Water Field Case History
Authors: Whaley K , Price-Smith C , McNerlin B , Booth D , Oakey N , Day P , Macleod I , Moir G 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Greater Plutonio is a 5 field subsea, deepwater project, located offshore Angola. Development began in 2005 and 38 wells have now been completed in highly permeable but poorly consolidated Oligocene reservoirs. Production commenced in October 2007 and is supported by injection of over 350mbd of water into 21 water injectors, predominantly completed with Stand Alone Screens. As the fields have multiple stacked reservoirs, dual zone downhole flow control (DHFC) is advantageous in many water injectors as it allows better control of injection conformance and / or a reduction in well count.
During the design phase, it was recognized that although much of the hardware for DHFC systems for water injectors was field proven, the ability to create a long term seal between zones with openhole completions, especially in the deepwater environment, was a significant challenge that had not yet been addressed by the industry. The key challenges were:
High differential pressure rating (3000psi). Achieve a robust seal in non-circular wellbores. Large axial load resulting from temperature reduction and differential pressure (&gt;400,000lbs). Large number of injection and shut-in cycles occur over life of well. Large changes in temperature and consequently axial loading occur with each cycle.
Following a technical evaluation, a novel dual cup packer concept with integral sliding movement joint and openhole packer slips was selected. This was followed by a 2.5 year rigorous design and qualification period prior to field installation1.
8 DHFC water injection wells have now been installed in Greater Plutonio, and downhole pressure data shows that the cup packers are providing robust high pressure seals after 3.5 years of high rate water injection. The cup packer system has produced a step change in openhole packer technology that has facilitated installation of reliable DHFC water injection wells at scale in the deepwater environment.
Cross Flow VIV Analysis of a Subsea Pipeline and Jumper using FSI Method
Authors: Zhu Huadong , Al-Showaiter Aiman , Eltaher Ayman , Whooley Alan , Jukes Paul 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
When a current impacts on a circular pipe, fluctuating forces are created due to vortex-shedding in the wake. In offshore industry the interest for vortex induced vibration (VIV) is focused on the fatigue that pipe can experience. The fatigue due to VIV can be the dominant fatigue in some pipelines, subsea structures and risers.
The assessment of VIV fatigue for pipelines and subsea structures involves two steps. The step one is to determine the structures response under the combined current and/or wave conditions, using analytical, semi-analytical or numerical approach. The second step is to identify the hot spots in the structure and process their loading states to calculate the corresponding damage or life, such as using S-N curve, which is a common practice in the industry. Since simulating the structures response under fluid loads is the key challenge in the VIV fatigue assessment, this paper focuses on the first step with an emphasis on the FSI approach.
The current study developed a finite element model in the frame work of the ABAQUS that can be used in the cross flow VIV analysis of the pipelines and jumpers. The fully three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions are combined with structural models of pipeline and jumper to predict vortex induced motion. The use of three dimensional CFD solutions is aimed to eliminate the guess work for VIV analysis. The proposed method uses finite element methods that are tolerant of sparse meshes and high element aspect ratios. This allows economical solutions of large fluid domains while retaining the important features of the large fluid vortex structures. The method can also be extended to sheared currents whose velocity varies with depth. The proposed method is applied to pipeline and jumper and benchmarked against published results. It also confirms the validity of the simplification of a jumper to a straight pipe during jumper VIV analysis based on DNV RP-F105, which is a common practice in offshore industry. The developed model might be used to reduce the conservatism in the fatigue assessments of pipeline guided by codes, such as DNV RP-F105.