bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamical system approach to the Kakutani–Fibonacci sequence
Authors: CARBONE INGRID , IACÒ MARIA RITA , VOLČIČ ALJOŠA 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper we consider the sequence of Kakutani’s $\alpha $-refinements corresponding to the inverse of the golden ratio (which we call the Kakutani–Fibonacci sequence of partitions) and associate to it an ergodic interval exchange (which we call the Kakutani–Fibonacci transformation) using the ‘cutting–stacking’ technique. We prove that the orbit of the origin under this map coincides with a low discrepancy sequence (which we call the Kakutani–Fibonacci sequence of points), which has also been considered by other authors.
Democracy, Courts and the Information Order
Authors: K. Hadfield Gillian , Ryan Dan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractConventional wisdom about civil litigation, both among scholars and political actors, holds that abuse of the legal process is common, that there is too much litigation, that it is “all about the money”, and that “a bad settlement is better than a good trial”. This constellation of attitudes that emphasize the economic function of law suggests that courts are an expensive conflict resolution mechanism of last resort and that their use would be minimized in a healthy market-based democracy. In this paper we apply a new sociological framework to understand the meaning and function of civil litigation in a democratic society. We focus in particular on the democratic function of the informational characteristics of litigation that require substantial disclosure and engagement between plaintiff, defendant and third parties. Instead we examine the role courts play in the maintenance and attainment of a social information order – norms and legal rules governing the sharing and withholding of information that depend on and constitute particular status relationships between actors (Ryan 2006). Using interviews and surveys of family members of victims of 9/11 we develop a theory of the lived experience of entitlement to information in Anglo-American legal settings with suggestions of how these ideas might translate to civil law systems.
Turbulent impurity transport modeling for Alcator C-Mod
Authors: FU X. R. , HORTON W. , BESPAMYATNOV I. O. , ROWAN W. L. , BENKADDA S. , FIORE C. L. , FUTATANI S. , LIAO K. T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTurbulent particle transport is investigated with a quasilinear theory that is motivated by the boron impurity transport experiments in the Alcator C-Mod. Eigenvalue problems for sets of reduced fluid equations for multi-component plasmas are solved for the self-consistent fluctuating field vectors composed of the electric potential φ, the main ion density δni, the impurity density δnz and the ion temperature fluctuation δTi. For Alcator C-Mod parameters, we investigate two drift wave models: (1) the density-gradient-driven impurity drift wave and (2) the ion-temperature-gradient-driven ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode. Analytic and numerical results for particle transport coefficients are derived and compared with the transport data and the neoclassical theory. We explore the ability of the model to explain impurity density profiles in three confinement regimes: H-mode, I-mode and internal transport barrier (ITB) regime in C-Mod. Related experiments reported on the Large Helical Device are briefly discussed.
Curvature, cones and characteristic numbers
Authors: ATIYAH MICHAEL , LEBRUN CLAUDE 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe study Einstein metrics on smooth compact 4-manifolds with an edge-cone singularity of specified cone angle along an embedded 2-manifold. To do so, we first derive modified versions of the Gauss–Bonnet and signature theorems for arbitrary Riemannian 4-manifolds with edge-cone singularities, and then show that these yield non-trivial obstructions in the Einstein case. We then use these integral formulæ to obtain interesting information regarding gravitational instantons which arise as limits of such edge-cone manifolds.
Upper bound on lattice stick number of knots
Authors: HONG KYUNGPYO , NO SUNGJONG , OH SEUNGSANG 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe lattice stick number sL(K) of a knot K is defined to be the minimal number of straight line segments required to construct a stick presentation of K in the cubic lattice. In this paper, we find an upper bound on the lattice stick number of a nontrivial knot K, except the trefoil knot, in terms of the minimal crossing number c(K) which is sL(K) ≤ 3c(K) + 2. Moreover if K is a non-alternating prime knot, then sL(K) ≤ 3c(K) − 4.
The importance of northern Spanish farmland for wintering migratory passerines: a quantitative assessment
Authors: SANTOS TOMÁS , CARBONELL ROBERTO , GALARZA AITOR , PÉREZ-TRIS JAVIER , RAMÍREZ ÁLVARO , TELLERÍA JOSÉ LUIS 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMigratory birds are critically dependent on adequate wintering habitats for their long-term survival. Cantabrian farmland, a mixed agricultural landscape extending across the coastal lowlands of northern Spain, constitutes an important wintering area for many short-distance migrants coming from central-western and northern Europe. Unfortunately, the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union and national afforestation schemes have resulted in a massive replacement of farmland by pinePinusspp. and eucalyptEucalyptussp. plantations. This work assesses the importance of Cantabrian farmland as wintering grounds for short-distance European migrants and for wintering species that originate in nearby woodlands. We examined the seasonal changes in passerine bird populations in the Cantabrian region and used winter ringing recoveries obtained in the area to evaluate the contribution made by European migrants to winter populations. Bird communities were surveyed along 299 500-m long transects distributed between 67 farmland patches, 67 lowland forests and 14 upland forests. Winter assemblages were more diverse and species more abundant in farmland than in lowland or upland forests, whereas these differences were smaller in the spring. Bird numbers in farmland tripled in winter, numbers increasing by about 6.9 million birds compared to breeding populations. Most of this increase was accounted for by species that also bred in the region and that considerably increased their abundance (65.6% of all wintering birds, with the ChaffinchFringilla coelebsresponsible for 31.4% of the total increase) and by five exclusively wintering species (34.4%, with the Meadow PipitAnthus pratensisaccounting for 25.2% of the total increase). The main bulk of this increase is caused by the influx of European migrants. The importance of halting the current spread of eucalypt plantations (which increased over 400% over the past 30 years) and of applying more effective agri-environment schemes to achieve appropriate farmland conservation is discussed.
Next generation sequencing in psychiatric research: what study participants need to know about research findings
Authors: Mathieu Ghislaine , Groisman Iris Jaitovich , Godard Beatrice 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The use of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in psychiatric genetics research and its potential to generate individual research results will likely have far reaching implications for predictive and diagnostic practices. The extent of this impact may not be easily understood by psychiatric research participants during the consent process. The traditional consent process for studies involving human subjects does not address critical issues specific to NGS research, such as the return of results. We examined which type of research findings should be communicated, how this information should be conveyed during the consent process and what guidance is required by researchers and IRBs to help psychiatric research participants understand the peculiarities, the limits and the impact of NGS. Strong standards are needed to ensure appropriate use of data generated by NGS, to meet participants' expectations and needs, and to clarify researchers' duties regarding the disclosure of data and their subsequent management. In the short term, researchers and IRBs need to be proactive in revising current consent processes that deal with the disclosure of research findings.
Tourism and biodiversity conservation: the case of community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa.
Authors: Mbaiwa J. E. , Kolawole O. D. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This review analyses the potential of tourism to contribute to biodiversity conservation with particular reference to developing countries. In the last quarter of a century, there has been a global concern about the extent of biodiversity decline. Biodiversity decline is partly a result of the overutilization of resources by local communities who live in resource-rich areas. This review makes use of published and unpublished articles and reports on community-based approaches to biodiversity conservation. Focus was paid to the role that community-based or integrated approaches play in the promotion of biodiversity conservation. The review indicates that where community-based tourism projects are being undertaken, they have mixed results. That is, some projects have collapsed, while others are succeeding in generating the expected economic benefits such as income, employment and funds used for community projects. The Southern African countries of Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe have been implementing community-based tourism projects for almost two decades. Economic benefits from tourism contribute to poverty alleviation and improved livelihoods. In the process, local communities have developed positive attitudes towards biodiversity, and hence are more inclined to use such resources sustainably. The paper concludes that tourism could serve as a potential tool for stimulating biodiversity conservation and rural development not only in developing countries but also in other similar social-ecological contexts.
Life Cycle Assessment as applied to environmental choices regarding farmed or wild-caught fish.
Authors: Aubin J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Fish production is facing increasing worldwide demand while fish landings are plateauing. Fish production is the only kind of animal production that is still dominated by extractive activity, endangered because of overexploitation of natural resources and a rearing activity with a rapid expansion. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which estimates local- to global-scale environmental impacts, has been adapted to seafood production systems. Scientific publications increasingly propose methodological improvements and case-study applications of LCA in the fishery and aquaculture sectors, with the combined objectives of better describing and understanding their biophysical interactions with the environment and supporting decision-making and eco-labelling of seafood products. In particular, the development of innovative indicators better defines impacts of fisheries on the marine ecosystem (e.g., benthos damage, by-catch, biotic resource use). Nevertheless, the lack of consensus about methodological questions (e.g., co-product allocation rules, system boundary definition) weakens comparisons between studies and limits the generalization of results and dissemination of methods. This paper reviews published applications of LCA to farmed and wild-caught fish.
Slicing the REDD+ pie: controversies around the distribution of benefits.
Authors: Skutsch M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This review presents some main themes in the debates that are currently ongoing on the subject of distribution of benefits under new international policy on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), as represented in academic and 'grey' literature. After a brief introduction to REDD+, the review describes how issues of equity, carbon rights and ownership, and procedural and distributive justice have been presented in the context of REDD+. It then analyses how these themes play out at the international level-distribution of benefits between developing countries - and at the national level-distribution of benefits within national programmes and in projects.
Phytophthora ramorum
- a pathogen linking network epidemiology, landscape pathology and conservation biogeography.
Authors: Pautasso M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Phytophthora ramorum
is a generalist plant pathogen that has been subject to a remarkable amount of research activity. One decade after its description, this oomycete now affects a wide range of hosts in both North America and Europe, both in the wild and in ornamental plant trade (e.g.,
Camellia
,
Rhododendron
,
Pieris
). Research on the biology, epidemiology and management of
P. ramorum
has not only rapidly expanded, but has also become increasingly interdisciplinary. In this overview, three examples of interdisciplinary collaboration concerning
P. ramorum
are presented: (1) network epidemiology (the application of network theory to epidemiology), (2) landscape pathology (the use of landscape ecology tools in the study of regional outbreaks of tree pathogens) and (3) conservation biogeography (a biogeographical perspective in conservation biology). Building on these approaches, three-way collaboration among network epidemiologists, landscape pathologists and conservation biogeographers (as well as e.g., molecular biologists, social and climate change scientists) is now needed to improve our understanding and management of the
P. ramorum
emergency, and many other challenges to plant health worldwide.
Pre-packed Administrations: An Empirical Social Rights Analysis
Authors: Creighton-Selvay Kate 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article considers the relationship between worker protection legislation and pre-packed administrations: the sale of a business or assets of a failing company negotiated in principle prior to the initiation of formal insolvency proceedings and effected immediately after entry into such proceedings by the insolvency practitioner appointed to administer them. The author seeks to explain pre-packs’ significance for British employment law and evaluate how employment law should respond. The findings of a qualitative empirical study on the use of ‘high-end pre-pack administrations’ are presented along with a consideration of institutional treatment of pre-packs to date and an analysis of the legal nature of transactions effected by pre-pack under the applicable insolvency laws. The article argues that the focus of labour law doctrinal discussion in this area to date has been misplaced and that the focus of the labour law debate now needs to shift to how employees are protected in a restructuring environment where management and senior creditors are concerned with restructuring debt rather than with labour issues, and where the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations may have only limited application.
Fixed eruption due to quinine in tonic water: A case report with high‐performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet A analyses
Authors: Ohira Aoi , Yamaguchi Sayaka , Miyagi Takuya , Yamamoto Yu‐ichi , Yamada Satoshi , Shiohira Hideo , Hagiwara Keisuke , Uno Tsukasa , Uezato Hiroshi , Takahashi Kenzo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFixed drug eruption is a common cutaneous adverse reaction in young patients with a characteristic clinical appearance. However, the diagnosis and identification of the substance may be difficult if food or food additives provoke the fixed eruption. A 26‐year‐old man had a history of two episodes of cutaneous erythema with residual pigmentation. Close examination of the history including his diet in addition to an oral challenge test and patch testing led to the diagnosis of fixed eruption secondary to quinine in tonic water. We examined for the presence of quinine in commercially available brands of tonic water using ultraviolet A and irradiation and high‐performance liquid chromatography. Both Schweppes and CANADA DRY brands of tonic water emitted fluorescent light upon ultraviolet A irradiation, and contained quinine at concentrations of 67.9 and 61.3 mg/L, respectively. Quinine contained in some tonic waters may trigger fixed eruption.
Clinicopathological features of mycosis fungoides in patients exposed to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War
Authors: Jang Min Soo , Jang Jun Gyu , Han Sang Hwa , Park Jong Bin , Kang Dong Young , Kim Sang Tae , Suh Kee Suck 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThere are no reports on the clinicopathological features of mycosis fungoides (MF) among veterans exposed to Agent Orange, one of the herbicides used during the Vietnam War. To evaluate the clinical, histopathological and genotypic findings of Vietnam War veterans with MF and a positive history of exposure to Agent Orange, we performed a comparative clinicopathological study between MF patients with a history of Agent Orange exposure and those without a history of Agent Orange exposure. Twelve Vietnam War veterans with MF were identified. The mean interval from Agent Orange exposure to diagnosis was 24.5 years (range, 9–35). Skin lesions were significantly present on exposed and unexposed areas. Most patients (75%) experienced pruritus (mean visual analog scale score of 6.7). MF was manifested by plaques in 10 patients and by lichenification in five. Histopathological features of most cases were consistent with MF. Biopsy specimens also demonstrated irregular acanthosis (66.7%). In the comparative study, MF patients with a history of Agent Orange exposure differed significantly from those without exposure to Agent Orange in demographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, patients with exposure had an increased tendency for lesions in the exposed area. Notably, our patients showed a higher frequency (33.3%) of mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris than in previous studies. Histologically, irregular acanthosis was more frequently observed than ordinary MF. Our results indicate that dermatologists should pay close attention to these clinicopathological differences. Careful assessment of history of exposure to defoliants is warranted in some cases suspicious for MF.
Case of neuro‐Behçet's disease successfully maintained a remission using infliximab for 2 years
Authors: Kanemaru Hisashi , Makino Takamitsu , Jinnin Masatoshi , Yonemitsu Aya , Makino Katsunari , Ihn Hironobu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBehçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder with chronic remissions and relapses. Involvement of the central nervous system, called neuro‐Behçet's disease (NBD), is a serious complication. Although corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are used, there is no definite standard of treatment with long term‐effects for NBD. Here, we report a female case with NBD successfully treated by infliximab and corticosteroids for 2 years. Our report suggests treatment with infliximab may be effective for long‐term remission of NBD.
Metastatic basosquamous carcinoma detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Yoshida Yuichi , Shiomi Tatsushi , Tahira Makoto , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe describe a rare case of basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) in a 69‐year‐old man. He had noticed a pigmented nodule on his left thigh. Dermoscopic examination showed ulceration at the center and non‐typical leaf‐like areas at the periphery. Linear‐irregular vessels were also seen. He underwent tumor excision in addition to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Histopathological examination revealed both features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma. The sentinel lymph node was positive for tumor cells. Immunostaining for Ber‐EP4 was focally positive for invasive tumor cells. Although complete inguinal lymphadenectomy had been performed, multiple in‐transit metastases around the primary lesion and left iliac lymph node metastasis developed after the operation. It is considered that BSC has a worse prognosis than BCC with a potential for metastasis. Based on the findings of previously reported cases and our case, SLNB may be applied for certain high‐risk cases including BSC larger than 3 cm in size and careful follow up is recommended for patients with BSC.
Determinants of Acidobacteria activity inferred from the relative abundances of 16S rRNA transcripts in German grassland and forest soils
Authors: Foesel Bärbel U. , Nägele Verena , Naether Astrid , Wüst Pia K. , Weinert Jan , Bonkowski Michael , Lohaus Gertrud , Polle Andrea , Alt Fabian , Oelmann Yvonne , Fischer Markus , Friedrich Michael W. , Overmann Jörg 
Published: June 2013

Summary16S rRNA genes and transcripts of Acidobacteria were investigated in 57 grassland and forest soils of three different geographic regions. Acidobacteria contributed 9–31% of bacterial 16S rRNA genes whereas the relative abundances of the respective transcripts were 4–16%. The specific cellular 16S rRNA content (determined as molar ratio of rRNA : rRNA genes) ranged between 3 and 80, indicating a low in situ growth rate. Correlations with flagellate numbers, vascular plant diversity and soil respiration suggest that biotic interactions are important determinants of Acidobacteria 16S rRNA transcript abundances in soils. While the phylogenetic composition of Acidobacteria differed significantly between grassland and forest soils, high throughput denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting detected 16S rRNA transcripts of most phylotypes in situ. Partial least squares regression suggested that chemical soil conditions such as pH, total nitrogen, C : N ratio, ammonia concentrations and total phosphorus affect the composition of this active fraction of Acidobacteria. Transcript abundance for individual Acidobacteria phylotypes was found to correlate with particular physicochemical (pH, temperature, nitrogen or phosphorus) and, most notably, biological parameters (respiration rates, abundances of ciliates or amoebae, vascular plant diversity), providing culture‐independent evidence for a distinct niche specialization of different Acidobacteria even from the same subdivision.
Honey bee larval peritrophic matrix degradation during infection with Paenibacillus larvae, the aetiological agent of American foulbrood of honey bees, is a key step in pathogenesis
Authors: Garcia‐Gonzalez Eva , Genersch Elke 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPaenibacillus larvae, the aetiological agent of American foulbrood (AFB) of honey bees, causes a fatal intestinal infection in larvae and invades the haemocoel by breaching the midgut. The peritrophic matrix lining the midgut epithelium in insects constitutes an effective barrier against abrasive food particles, xenobiotics, toxins and pathogens. Pathogens like P. larvae entering the host through the gut first need to overcome this barrier. To better understand AFB pathogenesis, we analysed the fate of the peritrophic matrix in honey bee larvae during P. larvae infection. Using histochemical techniques, we first established that chitin is a major component of the honey bee larval peritrophic matrix. Rearing larvae on a diet containing a fluorochrome blocking formation of the peritrophic matrix or a bacterial endochitinase revealed that a fully formed peritrophic matrix is essential for larval survival. Larvae infected by P. larvae showed total degradation of the peritrophic matrix enabling the bacteria to directly attack the epithelial cells. Carbon source utilization tests confirmed that P. larvae is able to metabolize colloidal chitin. We propose that P. larvae degrades the peritrophic matrix to allow direct access of the bacteria or of bacterial toxins to the epithelium to prepare the breakthrough of the epithelial layer.