bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police officers’ views of their encounters with people with personality disorder
Authors: Martin T. , Thomas S. 
Published: July 2013

Accessible summary
This paper reports police officers’ views of their encounters with people diagnosed with personality disorder and their frustration when referring the person to mental health services.
People diagnosed with personality disorder were described by police as behaving badly (suggesting a police response) and not being rational (suggesting a mental health response); however, the person generally fell into the crack between the services.
People with personality disorder were reported to take up considerable police time and other resources and cause the police considerable concern.
Mental health policy, legislation and service development need much improvement before effective collaboration with the police can take place to meet the needs of people diagnosed with personality disorder.
AbstractIn Australia, people experiencing personality disorder have featured little in policing studies and policy or mental health policy and legislation, and in the absence of specific guidance their behaviours represent an ongoing challenge for police. This paper presents police officers’ accounts from a qualitative research project that explored police encounters with people experiencing mental illness. The officers singled out people with personality disorder and expressed frustration, anger, powerlessness and resignation with their referrals of this group to health services. Officers reported that emergency departments were reluctant to assess people with personality disorder and when they did assess them stated that the person did not meet criteria for admission to mental health services, or if admitted, they were quickly discharged. People with personality disorder were reported to take up considerable police resources. When police were told by mental health professionals that there was nothing they could do about people experiencing personality disorder, then the question from police was what was to be done with them. While pockets of collaborative practice exist between police and mental health services, much change is required to demonstrate that the needs of the person with personality disorder are being met.
Shifting the Paradigm: Using HIV Surveillance Data as a Foundation for Improving HIV Care and Preventing HIV Infection
Authors: SWEENEY PATRICIA , GARDNER LYTT I. , BUCHACZ KATE , GARLAND PAMELA MORSE , MUGAVERO MICHAEL J. , BOSSHART JEFFREY T. , SHOUSE R. LUKE , BERTOLLI JEANNE 
Published: July 2013

ContextReducing HIV incidence in the United States and improving health outcomes for people living with HIV hinge on improving access to highly effective treatment and overcoming barriers to continuous treatment. Using laboratory tests routinely reported for HIV surveillance to monitor individuals’ receipt of HIV care and contacting them to facilitate optimal care could help achieve these objectives. Historically, surveillance‐based public health intervention with individuals for HIV control has been controversial because of concerns that risks to privacy and autonomy could outweigh benefits. But with the availability of lifesaving, transmission‐interrupting treatment for HIV infection, some health departments have begun surveillance‐based outreach to facilitate HIV medical care.MethodsGuided by ethics frameworks, we explored the ethical arguments for changing the uses of HIV surveillance data. To identify ethical, procedural, and strategic considerations, we reviewed the activities of health departments that are using HIV surveillance data to contact persons identified as needing assistance with initiating or returning to care.FindingsAlthough privacy concerns surrounding the uses of HIV surveillance data still exist, there are ethical concerns associated with not using HIV surveillance to maximize the benefits from HIV medical care and treatment. Early efforts to use surveillance data to facilitate optimal HIV medical care illustrate how the ethical burdens may vary depending on the local context and the specifics of implementation. Health departments laid the foundation for these activities by engaging stakeholders to gain their trust in sharing sensitive information; establishing or strengthening legal, policy and governance infrastructure; and developing communication and follow‐up protocols that protect privacy.ConclusionsWe describe a shift toward using HIV surveillance to facilitate optimal HIV care. Health departments should review the considerations outlined before implementing new uses of HIV surveillance data, and they should commit to an ongoing review of activities with the objective of balancing beneficence, respect for persons, and justice.
Peptidoglycan hydrolysis is required for assembly and activity of the transenvelope secretion complex during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Rodrigues Christopher D. A. , Marquis Kathleen A. , Meisner Jeffrey , Rudner David Z. 
Published: July 2013

SummarySporulating Bacillus subtilis cells assemble a transenvelope secretion complex that connects the mother cell and developing spore. The forespore protein SpoIIQ and the mother‐cell protein SpoIIIAH interact across the double membrane septum and are thought to assemble into a channel that serves as the basement layer of this specialized secretion system. SpoIIQ is absolutely required to recruit SpoIIIAH to the sporulation septum on the mother‐cell side, however the mechanism by which SpoIIQ is localized has been unclear. Here, we show that SpoIIQ localization requires its partner protein SpoIIIAH and degradation of the septal peptidoglycan (PG) by the two cell wall hydrolases SpoIID and SpoIIP. Our data suggest that PG degradation enables a second mother‐cell‐produced protein to interact with SpoIIQ. Cells in which both mother‐cell anchoring mechanisms have been disabled have a synergistic sporulation defect suggesting that both localization factors function in the secretion complex. Finally, we show that septal PG degradation is critical for the assembly of an active complex. Altogether, these results suggest that the specialized secretion system that links the mother cell and forespore has a complexity approaching those found in Gram‐negative bacteria and reveal that the sporulating cell must overcome similar challenges in assembling a transenvelope complex.
Substrate specificity of an elongation‐specific peptidoglycan endopeptidase and its implications for cell wall architecture and growth of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Dörr Tobias , Cava Felipe , Lam Hubert , Davis Brigid M. , Waldor Matthew K. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe bacterial cell wall consists of peptidoglycan (PG), a sturdy mesh of glycan strands cross‐linked by short peptides. This rigid structure constrains cell shape and size, yet is sufficiently dynamic to accommodate insertion of newly synthesized PG, which was long hypothesized, and recently demonstrated, to require cleavage of the covalent peptide cross‐links that couple previously inserted material. Here, we identify several genes in Vibrio cholerae that collectively are required for growth – particularly elongation – of this pathogen. V. cholerae encodes three putative periplasmic proteins, here denoted ShyA, ShyB, and ShyC, that contain both PG binding and M23 family peptidase domains. While none is essential individually, the absence of both ShyA and ShyC results in synthetic lethality, while the absence of ShyA and ShyB causes a significant growth deficiency. ShyA is a D,d‐endopeptidase able to cleave most peptide chain cross‐links in V. cholerae's PG. PG from a ∆shyA mutant has decreased average chain length, suggesting that ShyA may promote removal of short PG strands. Unexpectedly, ShyA has little activity against muropeptides containing pentapeptides, which typically characterize newly synthesized material. ShyA's substrate‐dependent activity may contribute to selection of cleavage sites in PG, whose implications for the process of side‐wall growth are discussed.
Attenuation of rat chronic small bowel allograft rejection by n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with reduced expression of graft IL‐15
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Yousheng , Li Jieshou 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInterleukin‐15 was found to play key roles in various immunological processes including chronic rejection after renal and cardiac transplantation. n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) have shown beneficial effects to chronic allograft rejection. The objective of this study is to search the possible mechanism of this inhibitory effect in chronic small bowel allograft rejection. Animals were divided into three groups: isograft (CsA + corn oil‐supplemented diet); allograft (CsA + corn oil‐supplemented diet); and allograft (CsA + fish oil‐supplemented diet). Donor intestines from F344 rats were transplanted orthotopically into Lewis rat recipients. CsA was administered at 5 mg/kg/day for 2 wk post‐operatively. Post‐transplant weight was recorded. Histopathological changes and graft IL‐15 expression were measured on POD 90. Chronic small bowel allograft rejection developed on POD 90. n‐3 PUFA significantly decreased the score of chronic rejection and increased the post‐operative weight gain rate. This attenuation is associated with reduced graft IL‐15 expression. n‐3 PUFA contributed to improved pathological and clinical outcome during chronic small bowel allograft rejection, and this improvement was associated with reduced graft IL‐15 expression.
A bidirectional approach for portal vein stent placement in a child with complete portal vein occlusion after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Yen , Tseng Hsiou‐Shan , Lin Niang‐Cheng , Wang Jen‐Bing , Tsai Hsin‐Lin , Loong Che‐Chuan , Hsia Cheng‐Yuan , Liu Chinsu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDelayed PV complications are not rare in pediatric liver transplantation. Although PTPV offers a treatment and minimizes surgical revision, in case of complete PV thrombosis (PVT), the failure rate of PTPV is high. Herein, we report a successful technique of PTPV in a case of complete PVT with a stent placement using a bidirectional approach in a child with living donor liver transplantation.
Exercise Training and Depression in ESRD: A Review
Authors: Mitrou Georgia I. , Grigoriou Stefania S. , Konstantopoulou Evi , Theofilou Paraskevi , Giannaki Christoforos D. , Stefanidis Ioannis , Karatzaferi Christina , Sakkas Giorgos K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDepression, a mental disorder with a high personal, societal, and economic impact, affects at least 20–30% of patients receiving hemodialysis therapy. It is associated with a high mortality rate, low adherence to medication, and a low perceived quality of life. Exercise training is a promising nonpharmacological intervention that can be safely applied to these patients. Beyond the well‐publicized physiological benefits of exercise training, a number of studies have focused on the effects of exercise training on mental factors and quality of life parameters including its less appreciated effects on depression symptoms. This evidence‐based review article reviews and discusses the effects of exercise training on depression in end‐stage renal disease patients.
Acid‐citrate‐dextrose Formula A versus heparin as primary catheter lock solutions for therapeutic apheresis
Authors: Osby Melanie , Barton Pat , Lam Chun Nok , Tran Minh‐Ha 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundUnfractionated heparin (UFH) is a commonly used catheter lock solution, but may lead to various complications. Acid‐citrate‐dextrose Formula A (ACD‐A), the standard anticoagulant used in therapeutic apheresis (TA), is an alternative. We compared the efficacy of these two anticoagulants as primary catheter lock solutions.Study Design and MethodsThe following outcomes were analyzed retrospectively for all TA procedures performed between July 2009 and March 2012: patent, partial occlusion, total occlusion, catheter‐related blood stream infection, tissue plasminogen activator use, and premature catheter removal.ResultsOur primary data set included 5964 total catheter days, 3020 procedures, and 427 TA courses. The UFH group comprised 3444 catheter days and 1880 procedures; the ACD‐A group, 2520 catheter days and 1140 procedures. Overall catheter‐related outcomes differed by not more than 5.3% for the primary analysis and when stratified by short‐term (≤10 days) duration or short dwell times (<3 days). When stratified by long‐term duration (>10 days) and long dwell times (>3 days), differences increased to not more than 10.4 and 22.4%, respectively.ConclusionsFor short‐term courses and short dwell times, UFH and ACD‐A appear equally effective; UFH appears superior to ACD‐A in the setting of long‐term courses and long dwell times. Major catheter‐related complications were rare and occurred with similar frequency in both groups. For most indications, ACD‐A appears to be a reasonable alternative to heparin; however, an adequately powered, randomized trial would be required to definitively address this issue.
Combination therapy of deferasirox and deferoxamine shows significant improvements in markers of iron overload in a patient with β‐thalassemia major and severe iron burden
Authors: Voskaridou Ersi , Komninaka Veroniki , Karavas Antonis , Terpos Evangelos , Akianidis Vasilis , Christoulas Dimitrios 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundIron overload is a common complication of patients with β‐thalassemia major (TM). Despite the availability of three iron chelators, deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (DFP), and deferasirox (DFX), some patients fail to respond adequately to monotherapy with any of them. We report a case of TM who had refractory severe iron overload and was successfully and safely chelated with the combination of DFX with DFO.Case ReportA 40‐year‐old male with β‐TM, who had been regularly transfused from the age of 2, had been administered in the past iron chelation with DFO, DFP, and DFX monotherapy, without major improvement on his iron overload status. Liver and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed severe iron overload, while serum ferritin was persistently greater than 2500 μg/L. After the patient gave informed consent, he was administered combination therapy of DFX at 30 mg/kg/day for 7 days per week and DFO at 2500 mg/day for 4 days every week and routinely followed up for compliance.ResultsEighteen months later, serum ferritin was reduced to 680 μg/L, while both liver and cardiac MRI T2* values improved, reflecting lower iron overload. The combination regimen was well tolerated and no adverse events were documented.ConclusionThis is the first official report of simultaneous daily administration of the two iron chelators DFX and DFO that demonstrates the beneficial effect of the combination on heart and liver hemosiderosis. If our observation is confirmed in more patients, this combination could constitute a useful option in tailoring individual chelation therapy for β‐TM patients with iron overload.
Aggressive behaviour and physiological responses to pheromones are strongly impaired in mice deficient for the olfactory G‐protein γ‐subunit Gγ8
Authors: Montani Giorgia , Tonelli Simone , Sanghez Valentina , Ferrari Pier Francesco , Palanza Paola , Zimmer Andreas , Tirindelli Roberto 
Published: July 2013

Key points
Pheromones are intraspecies chemical signals that take part in the sexual recognition and choice of appropriate mating partners.
In the vomeronasal organ (VNO), pheromone responses are probably triggered by two distinct neuronal populations, respectively expressing the heterotrimeric G‐proteins Gαi2β2γ2 and Gαoβ2γ8 that, in turn, coexpress with two pheromone receptor families, V1R and V2R.
We demonstrate that the olfactory‐specific G‐protein γ8 subunit (Gγ8) plays an important role in pheromone‐dependent socio‐sexual recognition.
Deficient mice for Gγ8 show a marked reduction in the pheromone‐mediated aggressive behaviour in both females and males that corresponds with a failure to activate V2R targets in the brain. These effects occur in combination with a consistent loss of vomeronasal neurons.
Thus, Gγ8 is essential for maintenance of the neuronal population of the VNO and for correct transduction of the pheromonal signal.
Abstract  Heterotrimeric G‐proteins are critical players in the transduction mechanisms underlying odorant and pheromonal signalling. In the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the adult mouse, two different G‐protein complexes have been identified. Gαoβ2γ8 is preferentially expressed in the basal neurons and coexpresses with type‐2 vomeronasal pheromone receptors (V2Rs) whereas Gαi2β2γ2 is found in the apical neurons and coexpresses with type‐1 vomeronasal pheromone receptors (V1Rs). V2R‐expressing neurons project to the posterior accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) whereas neurons expressing V1Rs send their axon to the anterior AOB. Gγ8 is also expressed in developing olfactory neurons where this protein is probably associated with Go. Here, we generated mice with a targeted deletion of the Gγ8 gene and investigated the behavioural effects and the physiological consequences of this mutation. Gγ8−/− mice show a normal development of the main olfactory epithelium; moreover, they do not display major deficits in odour perception. In contrast, the VNO undergoes a slow but remarkable loss of basal neurons starting from the fourth postnatal week, with a 40% reduction of cells at 2 months and 70% at 1 year. This loss is associated with a reduced early‐gene expression in the posterior AOB of mice stimulated with pheromones. More interestingly, the Gγ8 deletion specifically leads to a reduced pheromone‐mediated aggressiveness in both males and females, all other socio‐sexual behaviours remaining unaltered. This study defines a specific role for Gγ8 in maintenance of the neuronal population of the VNO and in the mechanisms of pheromonal signalling that involve the aggressive behaviour towards conspecifics.
TRPV3: time to decipher a poorly understood family member!
Authors: Nilius Bernd , Bíró Tamás , Owsianik Grzegorz 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe vanilloid transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 differs in several aspects from other members of the TRPV subfamily. This Ca2+‐, ATP‐ and calmodulin‐regulated channel constitutes a target for many natural compounds and has a unique expression pattern as the most prominent and important TRP channel in keratinocytes of the skin. Although TRPV3 is considered as a thermosensitive channel, its function as a thermosensor in the skin is challenged. Nevertheless, it plays important roles in other skin functions such as cutaneous sensations, hair development and barrier function. More recently, mutations in TRPV3 were linked with a rare genodermatosis known as the Olmsted syndrome. This review gives an overview on properties of TRPV3 and its functions in the skin and skin diseases.
Length dependence of striated muscle force generation is controlled by phosphorylation of cTnI at serines 23/24
Authors: Hanft Laurin M. , Biesiadecki Brandon J. , McDonald Kerry S. 
Published: July 2013

Key points
An important mechanism in beat‐to‐beat optimization of heart performance is matching ventricular output with end‐diastolic volume, which is known as the Frank–Starling Relationship.
The cellular basis for this regulation involves myofilament length–tension relationships.
We previously showed two populations of length–tension relationships in mammalian left ventricular cardiac myocytes, one steep like fast‐twitch skeletal muscle fibres and the other shallow like slow‐twitch skeletal muscle fibres, and cardiac myocytes with shallow length–tension relationships shift to steep relationships by protein kinase A‐induced myofilament phosphorylation.
The current study investigated the molecular and amino acid residue mechanisms that control length–tension relationships.
The single muscle cell experiments demonstrated that cardiac troponin I phosphorylation at serines 23/24 control length–tension relationships in striated muscle.
This study provides: (i) a mechanism to explain a length dependence of force generation in striated muscle; and (ii) an important target to potentially treat heart disease associated with compromised Frank–Starling relationships.
Abstract  According to the Frank–Starling relationship, greater end‐diastolic volume increases ventricular output. The Frank–Starling relationship is based, in part, on the length–tension relationship in cardiac myocytes. Recently, we identified a dichotomy in the steepness of length–tension relationships in mammalian cardiac myocytes that was dependent upon protein kinase A (PKA)‐induced myofibrillar phosphorylation. Because PKA has multiple myofibrillar substrates including titin, myosin‐binding protein‐C and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), we sought to define if phosphorylation of one of these molecules could control length–tension relationships. We focused on cTnI as troponin can be exchanged in permeabilized striated muscle cell preparations, and tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of cTnI modulates length dependence of force generation. For these experiments, we exchanged unphosphorylated recombinant cTn into either a rat cardiac myocyte preparation or a skinned slow‐twitch skeletal muscle fibre. In all cases unphosphorylated cTn yielded a shallow length–tension relationship, which was shifted to a steep relationship after PKA treatment. Furthermore, exchange with cTn having cTnI serines 23/24 mutated to aspartic acids to mimic phosphorylation always shifted a shallow length–tension relationship to a steep relationship. Overall, these results indicate that phosphorylation of cTnI serines 23/24 is a key regulator of length dependence of force generation in striated muscle.
Relative Fecal Abundance of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains and Their Occurrence in Urinary Tract Infections in Women
Authors: Ruppé Etienne , Lixandru Brandusa , Cojocaru Radu , Büke Çağrı , Paramythiotou Elisabeth , Angebault Cécile , Visseaux Claire , Djuikoue Ingrid , Erdem Esra , Burduniuc Olga , El Mniai Assiya , Marcel Candice , Perrier Marion , Kesteman Thomas , Clermont Olivier , Denamur Erick , Armand-Lefèvre Laurence , Andremont Antoine 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
(ESBL
E. coli
) strains are of major concern because few antibiotics remain active against these bacteria. We investigated the association between the fecal relative abundance (RA) of ESBL-producing
E. coli
(ESBL-RA) and the occurrence of ESBL
E. coli
urinary tract infections (UTIs). The first stool samples passed after suspicion of UTI from 310 women with subsequently confirmed
E. coli
UTIs were sampled and tested for ESBL-RA by culture on selective agar. Predictive values of ESBL-RA for ESBL
E. coli
UTI were analyzed for women who were not exposed to antibiotics when the stool was passed. ESBL
E. coli
isolates were characterized for ESBL type, phylogroup, relatedness, and virulence factors. The prevalence of ESBL
E. coli
fecal carriage was 20.3%, with ESBL
E. coli
UTIs being present in 12.3% of the women. The mean ESBL-RA (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 13-fold higher in women exposed to antibiotics at the time of sampling than in those not exposed (14.3% [range, 5.6% to 36.9%] versus 1.1% [range, 0.32% to 3.6%], respectively;
P
< 0.001) and 18-fold higher in women with ESBL
E. coli
UTI than in those with another
E. coli
UTI (10.0% [range, 0.54% to 100%] versus 0.56% [range, 0.15% to 2.1%[, respectively;
P
< 0.05). An ESBL-RA of <0.1% was 100% predictive of a non-ESBL
E. coli
UTI. ESBL type, phylogroup, relatedness, and virulence factors were not found to be associated with ESBL-RA. In conclusion, ESBL-RA was linked to the occurrence of ESBL
E. coli
UTI in women who were not exposed to antibiotics and who had the same clone of
E. coli
in urine samples and fecal samples. Especially, a low ESBL-RA appeared to be associated with a low risk of ESBL
E. coli
infection.