bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations of boundary‐layer processes and urban‐induced alterations in an Alpine valley
Authors: Giovannini Lorenzo , Zardi Dino , de Franceschi Massimiliano , Chen Fei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHigh‐resolution simulations are performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, coupled with an advanced urban parameterization scheme, to evaluate the modifications induced by the urban area of Trento on boundary‐layer processes in the Alpine Adige Valley in a typical summer sunny day. Specific gridded datasets of urban morphology parameters and anthropogenic heat releases were created to provide high‐resolution input information for the urban scheme. Comparison of model results against measurements from surface weather stations shows that the model simulates reasonably well the development of valley winds, as well as the complex interaction occurring north of Trento between the up‐valley wind of the Adige Valley and a lake breeze flowing from a tributary valley. The urban heat island of the city is also well captured by the model, with stronger intensities at night and lower values during daytime. Comparisons with an idealized simulation, where all the urban land use grid points are replaced by cropland, suggest that the city inhibits the development of the ground‐based thermal inversion at night and also affects valley winds, modifying both the typical down‐valley wind, and the interaction between the up‐valley wind of the Adige Valley and the lake breeze. Further sensitivity tests are performed to evaluate the impacts of the gridded datasets of urban morphology and anthropogenic heat releases, and to assess what are the benefits of using the advanced urban scheme against a simple bulk parameterization. Results highlight that even the moderate anthropogenic heat releases present in Trento appreciably affect nocturnal temperatures in the city, while gridded information on urban parameters is not essential in the present case, because urban morphology does not display a high spatial variability. However, it is shown that the choice of the urban scheme may have significant impacts on both temperature and wind fields.
β‐caryophyllene oxide inhibits constitutive and inducible STAT3 signaling pathway through induction of the SHP‐1 protein tyrosine phosphatase
Authors: Kim Chulwon , Cho Somi K. , Kapoor Shweta , Kumar Ansu , Vali Shireen , Abbasi Taher , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Sethi Gautam , Ahn Kwang Seok 
Published: June 2013

AbstractConstitutive activation of STAT3 is frequently observed and closely linked with proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis in tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated whether β‐caryophyllene oxide (CPO), a sesquiterpene isolated primarily from the essential oils of medicinal plants such as guava (Psidium guajava), and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), can mediate its effect through interference with the STAT3 activation pathway in cancer cells. The effect of CPO on STAT3 activation, associated protein kinases and phosphatase, STAT3‐regulated gene products and apoptosis was investigated using both functional proteomics tumor pathway technology platform and different tumor cell lines. We found that CPO suppressed constitutive STAT3 activation in multiple myeloma (MM), breast and prostate cancer cell lines, with a significant dose‐ and time‐dependent effects observed in MM cells. The suppression was mediated through the inhibition of activation of upstream kinases c‐Src and JAK1/2. Also, vanadate treatment reversed CPO‐induced down‐regulation of STAT3, suggesting the involvement of a tyrosine phosphatase. Indeed, we found that CPO induced the expression of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 that correlated with the down‐regulation of constitutive STAT3 activation. Interestingly, deletion of SHP‐1 gene by siRNA abolished the ability of CPO to inhibit STAT3 activation. The inhibition of STAT3 activation by CPO inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis and abrogated the invasive potential of tumor cells. Our results suggest for the first time that CPO is a novel blocker of STAT3 signaling cascade and thus has an enormous potential for the treatment of various cancers harboring constitutively activated STAT3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wogonin reverses hypoxia resistance of human colon cancer HCT116 cells via downregulation of HIF‐1α and glycolysis, by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Hu , Zhao Li , Zhu Li‐Tao , Wang Yu , Pan Di , Yao Jing , You Qi‐Dong , Guo Qing‐Long 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHypoxia induced drug resistance is a major obstacle in the development of effective cancer therapy. In the present study, the reversal abilities of wogonin on the hypoxia resistance and the underlying mechanisms were discovered. MTT assay revealed that hypoxia increased maximal 1.71‐, 2.08‐, and 2.15‐fold of IC50 toward paclitaxel, ADM, and DDP in human colon cancer cell lines HCT116, respectively. Furthermore, wogonin showed strong reversal potency in HCT116 cells in hypoxia and the RF reached 2.05. hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) can activate the expression of target genes involved in glycolysis. Wogonin decreased the expression of glycolysis‐related proteins (HKII, PDHK1, LDHA), glucose uptake, and lactate generation in a dose‐dependent manner. Further, Western blot experiments exhibited that wogonin could down regulate HIF‐1α expression and glycolysis through inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which might be the mechanism of reversal resistance of wogonin. Also, wogonin could inhibit the growth of transplantable tumors and the expression of HIF‐1α, glycolysis‐related proteins and PI3K/Akt in vivo. In summary, wogonin could be a good candidate for the development of new multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent and its reversal mechanism probably is due to the suppression of HIF‐1α expression via inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of newton multilevel stabilized finite volume method for the three‐dimensional stationary Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Jian , Su Jian , Lei Gang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article proposes and analyzes a multilevel stabilized finite volume method(FVM) for the three‐dimensional stationary Navier–Stokes equations approximated by the lowest equal‐order finite element pairs. The method combines the new stabilized FVM with the multilevel discretization under the assumption of the uniqueness condition. The multilevel stabilized FVM consists of solving the nonlinear problem on the coarsest mesh and then performs one Newton correction step on each subsequent mesh thus only solving one large linear systems. The error analysis shows that the multilevel‐stabilized FVM provides an approximate solution with the convergence rate of the same order as the usual stabilized finite element solution solving the stationary Navier–Stokes equations on a fine mesh for an appropriate choice of mesh widths: hj ∼ hj‐12, j = 1,…,J. Therefore, the multilevel stabilized FVM is more efficient than the standard one‐level‐stabilized FVM. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
How do we distinguish loss of vibration sensation due to neuropathy from that due to ageing?
Authors: Liu Yingqi , Brooks Belinda , McCosker Sarah , Molyneaux Lynda , Yue Dennis K 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether loss of sensation in the feet due to diabetic neuropathy can be distinguished from age‐related changes by testing sensation at more proximal sites.Vibration perception threshold (VPT) was tested using a biothesiometer at the feet, mid‐tibia and knees on participants who had a VPT ≥50 volts. We studied: (i) diabetic patients with a history of neuropathic ulceration (N Ulcer+ve); (ii) elderly diabetic patients with no history of ulceration (E Ulcer−ve); and (iii) elderly non‐diabetic controls. The VPT of the N Ulcer+ve group dropped significantly at the level of mid‐tibia and knee and was significantly different from the E Ulcer−ve group at both sites and from the elderly controls at the knee (p ≤ 0.05). By contrast, the E Ulcer−ve group and the elderly controls tended to have poor vibration perception at all three sites.The results of this study suggest that diabetic neuropathy is a predominantly distal disease, whereas ageing is associated with a more generalised loss of sensation. This observation may be used to grade more precisely the risk of ulceration in elderly diabetic patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
What proportion of patients fail NICE criteria for continuing GLP‐1 treatment beyond six months, and why?
Authors: Wessels L , Keigan S , O'Brien SV , Hardy KJ 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) agonist treatment in type 2 diabetes typically improves glycaemic control and results in weight loss. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) continuation criteria are that at six months patients must have achieved at least a 3% reduction in weight and an 11mmol/mol (1%) reduction in HbA1c. The St Helens Hospital diabetes team has provided a GLP‐1 service since 2007. As from August 2010, we implemented a new service structure to intensify support to patients, including monthly follow up for the first six months.We assessed NICE continuation criteria in 43 patients who attended since the change in service structure, met NICE initiation criteria and received at least six months' treatment. Mean age was 56 years (SD 10), diabetes duration 10 years (SD 5), baseline median weight 118kg (range 78–152), BMI 41kg/m2 (range 31–60), and HbA1c 83mmol/mol (range 63–120; DCCT: 9.7% [7.9–13.1]).Thirty (70%) patients met continuation criteria. After follow up of a median 8 months (range 6–12), these patients had a median weight loss of 7.8kg (range 3–21) and a median HbA1c fall of 24.2mmol/mol (range 11–34; DCCT: 2.2% [1–5.3]). Of those failing NICE continuation criteria, 38.5% failed on weight alone, 38.5% on HbA1c alone, and 23% on both. Baseline characteristics could not predict treatment failure. Median weight loss in those failing on HbA1c alone was 8.7kg (range 2.4–12.4). Median reduction in HbA1c in those failing on weight alone was 29.7mmol/mol (2.7%).We conclude that in our clinic most patients can continue GLP‐1 treatment, but approximately 30% fail to meet NICE continuation criteria, despite clear treatment benefits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Patients' experience of admission to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis and its psychological impact: an exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Moffett Matilda A , Buckingham Jocelyn C , Baker Christine R , Hawthorne Gillian , Leech Nicola J 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to better understand patients' experience of admission to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and its psychological impact. The secondary aim was to improve our service provision for patients following an episode of DKA.Forty patients who had been admitted to hospital with DKA were invited to participate. Four patients agreed to take part (three female, one male; mean age 34 years, range 21–49 years). All participants had type 1 diabetes. Participants completed a semi‐structured interview and psychometric questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographic and questionnaire data. Interview transcripts were qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis.The thematic analysis showed three important themes: Consequences of DKA; Recognising and Managing DKA; and Hospital Experience. The theme of Recognising and Managing DKA highlighted that only one participant recognised insufficient insulin as a trigger for DKA, and other people first recognised symptom severity in every case. The theme Hospital Experience seemed to support a number of studies that have found poor provision of care for those presenting with DKA.It is important to note that there were only four participants who contributed, which limited the conclusions that can be drawn. It appeared some patients lack understanding of what DKA is. It seems that better provision of information on DKA needs to be given to both the individual and their family members. There was some evidence that an admission for DKA is a marker for follow‐up psychological assessment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Detection of adverse drug reactions using hospital databases—a nationwide study in Portugal
Authors: Miguel Ana , Bernardo Marques  , Freitas Alberto , Lopes Fernando , Azevedo Luís , Pereira Altamiro Costa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to detect and characterize adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that occurred during hospitalization (ADRIn) and ADRs associated with admission (ADRAd) in Portugal from 2000 to 2009. We also intended to compare the results of this methodology with spontaneous reporting.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide study using a hospital administrative database that included all acute care public hospitalizations in Portugal, from 2000 to 2009. We used International Classification of Diseases—9thRevision—Clinical Modification coding data for the detection of ADRs. Codes searched included “E” codes (E930 to E949.9, codes that exclude poisonings and errors) and five groups of diagnoses codes associated with high prevalence of ADR as found in a previous study: hypoglycemia, drug‐induced neutropenia, hepatitis unspecified, anaphylactic shock due to drugs, and shock due to anesthesia.ResultsFrom 9 271 122 hospitalizations within that period, 116 720 ADRs were detected through the database methodology, representing 1.26% from all hospitalizations. Of the ADRs, 97.3% occurred during hospitalization (ADRIn), whereas 2.7% were associated with admission. Age, female sex, and comorbidities such as pneumonia, heart failure, diabetes, and malignancies were associated with ADRs (all with differences statistically significant). There were 13 562 spontaneous reports from 2000 to 2009.ConclusionsSeveral methods have been used for the detection of ADRs, but they are difficult to apply at a national level. Spontaneous reporting is widely used but grossly underestimates the frequency of ADRs. The database methodology can be very useful to estimate ADRs frequency and to perform a simple characterization of ADRs nationwide. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating Spatial Differentials in Life Expectancy in Greece at Local Authority Level
Authors: Tsimbos Cleon , Kalogirou Stamatis , Verropoulou Georgia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe aims of this paper are to estimate, for the first time for Greece, life expectancy at birth by gender at local authority level and to explore spatial patterns. The data used in the analysis come from the vital registration system of Greece and the 2001 population census. For areas with male/female population 5,000 or more, representing 97% of the total, abridged life tables are constructed by employing the Chiang methodology. For local areas of less than 5,000, estimates of expectation of life at birth are obtained by employing regression models. Standard errors of life expectancy are estimated using the Chiang approximation as well as the Scherbov–Ediev reference tables. The results are presented in thematic as well as cluster maps; the latter are based on local Moran's I spatial autocorrelation statistics. Local populations are ranked by level of deprivation in three groups, low, medium, and high, and differences in mean life expectancies are assessed. The findings indicate that across localities, life expectancy ranges from 70.7 to 79.6 for men (8.9‐year difference) and from 76.1 to 82.5 for women (6.4‐year difference). More deprived areas exhibit lower life expectancy but greater sex difference. Comparatively high life expectancy is found in Crete, the Aegean and Ionian Islands, the Peloponnese, Central‐Western Greece and in Athens and Thessaloniki metropolitan areas; conditions are unfavourable in North‐Eastern Greece (particularly Thrace). Life expectancy standard errors, based on the two aforementioned procedures, are close, but Chiang approximation tends to underestimate to some extend standard errors particularly for populations 5,000–10,000. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remediation of a Diffuse Trichloroethene Plume in an Urban Setting
Authors: Bienkowski Lee 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDuring an environmental assessment of a former fleet vehicle maintenance facility located in Jacksonville, Florida, dissolved trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations exceeding the Florida groundwater standard (3 micrograms per liter) were detected at a depth of 40 feet (12 meters) below land surface (bls). A plume was delineated that measured approximately 600 feet (183 meters) by 150 feet (46 meters), extending across a major road and onto adjacent properties. Shaw Environmental, Inc., which was acquired by CB&I in February 2012, performed pilot tests with in situ oxygen curtain (iSOC), and the injection of Anaerobic Biochem Plus (ABC+), a mixture of lactates, a phosphate buffer, fatty acids, and zero‐valent iron. Based on the pilot‐test results, ABC+ appeared the more effective of the two methods and was selected for full‐scale implementation. In February 2011, Shaw Environmental, Inc. and a subcontractor used direct‐push technology to inject ABC+ in 120 borings. By September 2011, the treatment succeeded in lowering the concentrations of TCE to below the Florida standard in all impacted wells. Subsequent sampling events indicate that TCE concentrations have remained below the standard, but sampling continues for iron, which is decreasing but remains slightly elevated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of pneumatic jets and tabs for Active Aerodynamic Load Control
Authors: Blaylock Myra , Chow Raymond , Cooperman Aubryn , van Dam C. P. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA fast, efficient way to control loads on utility scale wind turbines is important for the growth of the wind industry. Microtabs and microjets are two Active Aerodynamic Load Control devices, which address this need. Both act perpendicular to the surface of the airfoil, and these actively controlled devices are used to mitigate changes in aerodynamic loading experienced by wind turbine rotors due to wind gusts, wind shear, or other atmospheric phenomena. This work explores the aerodynamic effects of microjets and then compares them to those of microtabs. Flow around an airfoil with an activated microjet at the trailing edge has been simulated using the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes solver OVERFLOW‐2. Using a Chimera overset grid topology, a microjet has been placed near the trailing edge of the lower surface of a NACA 0012 airfoil. For a jet velocity about half of the freestream velocity, the microjet can change the lift up to ΔCL = 0.2, but the amount of change varies with the momentum coefficient of the jet. The change in lift is not symmetric for positive and negative angles of attack due to changes in the boundary layer thickness with angle of attack. Increasing the Reynolds number reduces the effectiveness of the microjet only slightly. The effects of jet velocity, jet activation time, and airfoil angle of attack on airfoil lift, drag, and pitching moment are compared with previous work, which illustrates the deployment of a microtab at the 95% chord location of a NACA 0012 airfoil. This study shows that microjets and microtabs have very similar responses in lift and pitching moment, but the drag for the microjet is noticeably lower. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic response analysis of wind turbines under blade pitch system fault, grid loss, and shutdown events
Authors: Jiang Zhiyu , Karimirad Madjid , Moan Torgeir 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the dynamic responses of land‐based and floating wind turbines under blade pitch system fault and emergency shutdown conditions. The NREL 5 MW turbine is studied. A hydraulic pitch system is considered, and the faults under study are events with a seized blade or a blade running out of control. Emergency shutdown is defined as a fast pitch‐to‐feather maneuver of the blades. Load cases with power production and grid fault with ensuing shutdown are also analysed for comparison. The fault scenarios and the blades' fast pitching activity are simulated using HAWC2 through external Dynamic Link Libraries. On the basis of the time‐domain simulations, the response characteristics of the land‐based and the floating turbines in the four design load cases are compared. The load effects from the fault conditions are compared with the operational cases. Strong system dynamics and resonant responses, such as the tower elastic mode and the yaw resonant response, are elicited during shutdown. If the pitch system has a fault and one blade is hindered from normal pitching, the uneven load distribution of the blades leads to large structural and motion responses. For both turbines, the response maxima vary cyclically with the instantaneous azimuth when the blades start pitching to feather. For the floating wind turbine, the interaction of waves and wind also affects the results. The effect of the pitch rate during shutdown is analysed. The responses of the land‐based turbine in grid loss and shutdown conditions are proportional to the pitch rate, whereas decreased sensitivity is found in the cases with pitch system faults. For the floating turbine, the effect of the pitch rate is small, and reduced pitch and yaw motion extremes are observed as the pitch rate increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rsu1 contributes to regulation of cell adhesion and spreading by PINCH1‐dependent and ‐ independent mechanisms
Authors: Gonzalez‐Nieves Reyda , DeSantis Akiko Iwahari , Cutler Mary L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCell adhesion and migration are complex processes that require integrin activation, the formation and dissolution of focal adhesion (FAs), and linkage of actin cytoskeleton to the FAs. The IPP (ILK, PINCH, Parvin) complex regulates FA formation via binding of the adaptor protein ILK to β1 integrin, PINCH and parvin. The signaling protein Rsu1 is linked to the complex via binding PINCH1. The role of Rsu1 and PINCH1 in adhesion and migration was examined in non‐transformed mammary epithelial cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that the depletion of either Rsu1 or PINCH1 by siRNA in MCF10A cells decreased the number of focal adhesions and altered the distribution and localization of β1 integrin, vinculin, talin and paxillin without affecting the levels of FA protein expression. This correlated with reduced adhesion, failure to spread or migrate in response to EGF and a loss of actin stress fibers and caveolae. In addition, constitutive phosphorylation of actin regulatory proteins occurred in the absence of PINCH1. The depletion of Rsu1 caused significant reduction in PINCH1 implying that Rsu1 may function by regulating levels of PINCH1. However, while both Rsu1‐ or PINCH1‐depleted cells retained the ability to activate adhesion signaling in response to EGF stimulation, only Rsu1 was required for EGF‐induced p38 Map Kinase phosphorylation and ATF2 activation, suggesting an Rsu1 function independent from the IPP complex. Reconstitution of Rsu1‐depleted cells with an Rsu1 mutant that does not bind to PINCH1 failed to restore FAs or migration but did promote spreading and constitutive p38 activation. These data show that Rsu1‐PINCH1 association with ILK and the IPP complex is required for regulation of adhesion and migration but that Rsu1 has a critical role in linking integrin‐induced adhesion to activation of p38 Map kinase signaling and cell spreading. Moreover, it suggests that Rsu1 may regulate p38 signaling from the IPP complex affecting other functions including survival.