bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of a Clinical Risk Factor Scoring Model in Predicting Infection with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae on Hospital Admission
Authors: Johnson Steven W. , Anderson Deverick J. , May D. Byron , Drew Richard H. 
Published: February 2013

Objective.To validate the utility of a previously published scoring model (Italian) to identify patients infected with community-onset extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EKP) and develop a new model (Duke) based on local epidemiology.Methods.This case-control study included patients 18 years of age or more admitted to Duke University Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010, with culture-confirmed infection due to an ESBL-EKP (cases). Uninfected controls were matched to cases (3 : 1). The Italian model was applied to our patient population for validation. The Duke model was developed through logistic-regression-based prediction scores calculated on variables independently associated with ESBL-EKP isolation. Sensitivities and specificities at various point cutoffs were determined, and determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) was performed.Results.A total of 123 cases and 375 controls were identified. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for variables previously identified in the Italian model were as follows: hospitalization (3.20 [1.62–6.55]), transfer (4.31 [2.15–8.78]), urinary catheterization (5.92 [3.09–11.60]), β-lactam and/or fluoroquinolone therapy (3.76 [2.06–6.95]), age 70 years or more (1.55 [0.79–3.01]), and Charlson Comorbidity Score of 4 or above (1.06 [0.55–2.01]). Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, more than or equal to 95% and less than or equal to 47% for scores 3 or below and were less than or equal to 50% and more than or equal to 96% for scores 8 or above. The ROC AUC was 0.88. Variables identified in the Duke model were as follows: hospitalization (2.63 [1.32–5.41]), transfer (5.30 [2.67–10.71]), urinary catheterization (6.89 [3.62–13.38]), β-lactam and/or fluoroquinolone therapy (3.47 [1.91–6.41]), and immunosuppression (2.34 [1.14–4.80]). Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, more than or equal to 94% and less than or equal to 65% for scores 3 or below and were less than or equal to 58% and more than or equal to 95% for scores 8 or above. The ROC AUC was 0.89.Conclusion.While the previously reported model was an excellent predictor of community-onset ESBL-EKP infection, models utilizing factors based on local epidemiology may be associated with improved performance.
Measurement of Total Dietary Fiber Using AOAC Method 2009.01 (AACC International Approved Method 32‐45.01): Evaluation and Updates
Authors: McCleary Barry V. , Sloane Naomi , Draga Anna , Lazewska Ida 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling recently recommended 14 methods for measurement of dietary fiber, eight of these being type I methods. Of these type I methods, AACC International Approved Method 32‐45.01 (AOAC method 2009.01) is the only procedure that measures all of the dietary fiber components as defined by Codex Alimentarius. Other methods such as the Prosky method (AACCI Approved Method 32‐05.01) give similar analytical data for the high‐molecular‐weight dietary fiber contents of food and vegetable products low in resistant starch. In the current work, AACCI Approved Method 32‐45.01 has been modified to allow accurate measurement of samples high in particular fructooligosaccharides: for example, fructotriose, which, in the HPLC system used, chromatographs at the same point as disaccharides, meaning that it is currently not included in the measurement. Incubation of the resistant oligosaccharides fraction with sucrase/β‐galactosidase removes disaccharides that interfere with the quantitation of this fraction. The dietary fiber value for resistant starch type 4 (RS4), varies significantly with different analytical methods, with much lower values being obtained with AACCI Approved Method 32‐45.01 than with 32‐05.01. This difference results from the greater susceptibility of RS4 to hydrolysis by pancreatic α‐amylase than by bacterial α‐amylase, and also a greater susceptibility to hydrolysis at lower temperatures. On hydrolysis of samples high in starch in the assay format of AACCI Approved Method 32‐45.01 (AOAC method 2009.01), resistant maltodextrins are produced. The major component is a heptasaccharide that is highly resistant to hydrolysis by most of the starch‐degrading enzymes studied. However, it is hydrolyzed by the maltase/ amyloglucosidase/isomaltase enzyme complex present in the brush border lining of the small intestine. As a consequence, AOAC methods 2009.01 and 2011.25 (AACCI Approved Methods 32‐45.01 and 32‐50.01, respectively) must be updated to include an additional incubation with amyloglucosidase to remove these oligosaccharides.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Postoperative Quality of Recovery Score
Authors: Stark Peter A. , Myles Paul S. , Burke Justin A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
Quality of recovery (QoR) after anesthesia is an important measure of the early postoperative health status of patients. The aim was to develop a short-form postoperative QoR score, and test its validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical acceptability and feasibility.

Methods:
Based on extensive clinical and research experience with the 40-item QoR-40, the strongest psychometrically performing items from each of the five dimensions of the QoR-40 were selected to create a short-form version, the QoR-15. This was then evaluated in 127 adult patients after general anesthesia and surgery.

Results:
There was good convergent validity between the QoR-15 and a global QoR visual analog scale (r = 0.68, P < 0.0005). Construct validity was supported by a negative correlation with duration of surgery (r = −0.49, P < 0.0005), time spent in the postanesthesia care unit (r = −0.41, P < 0.0005), and duration of hospital stay (r = −0.53, P < 0.0005). There was also excellent internal consistency (0.85), split-half reliability (0.78), and test–retest reliability (r

i
= 0.99), all P < 0.0005. Responsiveness was excellent with an effect size of 1.35 and a standardized response mean of 1.04. The mean ± SD time to complete the QoR-15 was 2.4 ± 0.8min.

Conclusions:
The QoR-15 provides a valid, extensive, and yet efficient evaluation of postoperative QoR.
Congenital Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Sokollik Christiane , Bandsma Robert H.J. , Gana Juan C. , van den Heuvel Meta , Ling Simon C. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSSs) are rare but increasingly recognized as a cause of important multisystem morbidity. We present new cases and a systematic literature review and propose an algorithm for the identification and care of affected patients.Methods:We reviewed the charts of consecutive patients seen in our pediatric liver clinic between 2003 and 2010 and systematically reviewed the literature of cases with CPSS.Results:We identified 316 published cases and 12 patients in our own clinic. Of the published cases (177 male), 185 had an extrahepatic and 131 an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Diagnosis was made at any age, from prenatal to late adulthood. Cardiac anomalies were found in 22% of patients. The main complications were hyperammonemia/neurological abnormalities (35%), liver tumors (26%), and pulmonary hypertension or hepatopulmonary syndrome (18%). The spectrum of neurological involvement ranged from changes in brain imaging, subtle abnormalities on neuropsychological testing, through learning disabilities to overt encephalopathy. Spontaneous shunt closure occurred mainly in infants with intrahepatic shunts. Therapeutic interventions included shunt closure by surgery or interventional radiology techniques (35%) and liver transplantation (10%) leading to an improvement of symptoms in the majority. These findings mirror the observations in our own patients.Conclusions:In this largest review of the reported clinical experience, we identify that children with CPSS may present with otherwise unexplained developmental delay, encephalopathy, pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, or liver tumors. When CPSS is diagnosed, children should be screened for all of these complications. Spontaneous closure of intrahepatic shunts may occur in infancy. Closure of the shunt is indicated in symptomatic patients and is associated with a favorable outcome.
Distinct neural and neuromuscular strategies underlie independent evolution of simplified advertisement calls
Authors: Leininger Elizabeth C. , Kelley Darcy B. 
Published: February 2013

Independent or convergent evolution can underlie phenotypic similarity of derived behavioural characters. Determining the underlying neural and neuromuscular mechanisms sheds light on how these characters arose. One example of evolutionarily derived characters is a temporally simple advertisement call of male African clawed frogs (Xenopus) that arose at least twice independently from a more complex ancestral pattern. How did simplification occur in the vocal circuit? To distinguish shared from divergent mechanisms, we examined activity from the calling brain and vocal organ (larynx) in two species that independently evolved simplified calls. We find that each species uses distinct neural and neuromuscular strategies to produce the simplified calls. Isolated Xenopus borealisbrains produce fictive vocal patterns that match temporal patterns of actual male calls; the larynx converts nerve activity faithfully into muscle contractions and single clicks. In contrast, fictive patterns from isolatedXenopus boumbaensisbrains are short bursts of nerve activity; the isolated larynx requires stimulus bursts to produce a single click of sound. Thus, unlikeX. borealis, the output of theX. boumbaensishindbrain vocal pattern generator is an ancestral burst-type pattern, transformed by the larynx into single clicks. Temporally simple advertisement calls in genetically distant species ofXenopushave thus arisen independently via reconfigurations of central and peripheral vocal neuroeffectors.
Anisotropic elastic moduli of carbonates and evaporites from the Weyburn‐Midale reservoir and seal rocks
Authors: Martínez Jaime Meléndez , Schmitt Douglas R. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAssuming Vertical Transverse Isotropy (VTI) symmetry the elastic anisotropy as a function of confining pressure of four carbonates and one evaporite from the Williston sedimentary basin in Saskatchewan, Canada is investigated using the ultrasonic pulse transmission method. Ultrasonic P‐ and S‐ wave velocities are obtained from cylindrical plugs cut from a main sample along horizontal, vertical and 45° orientations with respect to the sample's presumed vertical axis of symmetry. The elastic constants were then calculated from the measured velocities and densities. Anisotropy was quantified by estimating Thomsen parameters (Thomsen 1986) from elastic constants. The results show that the samples are at the best weakly anisotropic. The presence of microcracks and pores as well as the heterogeneity of the samples play an important role in defining the P‐ and S‐ wave velocities. The weak anisotropy found in these samples suggests that ‘intrinsic’ properties of these rocks negligibly contribute to the anisotropy observed at the seismic scale.
Investigating Private Motorised Travel and Vehicle Fleet Efficiency: Using New Data and Methods to Reveal Socio‐Spatial Patterns in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: LI TIEBEI , SIPE NEIL , DODSON JAGO 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAustralian cities have seen continued long‐term growth in private motor vehicle travel that has imposed increasing vehicle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper investigates the spatial patterns of vehicle energy consumption on urban areas through an analysis of vehicle travel and of vehicle fleet efficiency in Brisbane, Australia. This is achieved by combining motor vehicle registration records and Australian government's ‘Green Vehicle Guide’ of vehicle fuel efficiency database. The results of a spatial analysis of the private vehicle trip distances derived from journey to work data and fuel energy consumption associated with the private‐owned vehicles decomposed to local areas show that private vehicle energy use tends to increase with increasing distance from the city centre (e.g. central business district). This analysis demonstrates that differences in vehicle trip distances and lower proportions of high‐efficiency vehicles in the outer suburbs aggravate vehicle energy consumption in those locations. The paper further compares vehicle energy use results for Brisbane against spatial patterns of suburban socio‐economic disadvantage. The paper demonstrates that access to vehicle fleet technology may compound other forms of socio‐economic disadvantage and vulnerability.
Practice implications for preventing population vulnerability related to vitamin D status
Authors: Collins Andrea 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeTo provide primary care clinicians with practice recommendations for the safe, individualized, effective, efficient evaluation, and treatment of vitamin D status for maximum health promotion and disease prevention.Data sourcesA review and synthesis of current scientific literature on vitamin D was conducted related to the physiologic impact of vitamin D, topics of debate, research and recommendations, adequate serum levels, daily supplementation, and deficiency treatment.ConclusionsInadequate vitamin D levels are not isolated to any one geographic, ethnic, or socioeconomic population, and exist without regard to gender, age, or health status. Conflicting vitamin D evidence and recommendations may leave patients vulnerable to vitamin D inadequacy, deficiency, or excess, and in turn, avoidable negative outcomes.Implications for NPsNurse practitioners (NPs) must actively assess patient vitamin D status and educate patients in order to prevent negative health outcomes. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels is an easy and cost‐efficient adjunct to other health promotion and disease prevention measures. NPs who neglect the physiologic roles of vitamin D and potential patient vulnerability miss an opportunity to make an impact in both patient health and the economic healthcare burden related to acute and chronic disease.
Impact of Intensive Lipid Lowering on Lipid Profiles Over Time and Tolerability in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From a Subanalysis of the Coronary Atherosclerosis Study Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin Using Intravascular Ultrasound in Japanese Subjects (COSMOS)
Authors: Kawashiri Masa‐aki , Yamagishi Masakazu , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Takayama Tadateru , Hiro Takafumi , Daida Hiroyuki , Hirayama Atsushi , Saito Satoshi , Yamaguchi Tetsu , Matsuzaki Masunori ,   the COSMOS Investigators
Published: February 2013

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that intensive lipid lowering using rosuvastatin results in regression of coronary plaques. However, few data exist regarding lipid profiles over time, drug tolerability, and the effects of prior use of lipid lowering agents in patients on rosuvastatin treatment. Therefore, we studied these matters in a subanalysis of the Coronary Atherosclerosis Study Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin Using Intravascular Ultrasound in Japanese Subjects (COSMOS).MethodsRosuvastatin was titrated for 76 weeks to attain LDL‐C < 80 mg/dL in 213 Japanese dyslipidemic patients with CAD. Clinic visits were scheduled for every 4 weeks during the 76‐week study period. Changes over time in lipid parameters, changes in those according to prior lipid‐lowering therapy, and changes in those according to baseline lipid levels were evaluated in this subanalysis.ResultsOverall, 126 patients completed the study. The mean rosuvastatin dose at the last observation carried forward was 16.9 mg (range, 2.5–20 mg). Rosuvastatin significantly increased HDL‐C, lowered LDL‐C, and improved the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio (all, P < 0.0001). Increases in serum HDL‐C levels were significantly greater in patients with HDL‐C < 40 mg/dL than in those with HDL‐C ≥ 40 mg/dL at baseline (P = 0.0005). The estimated glomerular filtration rate increased significantly by 2.84 ± 9.01 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.0001). Of 166 adverse events in 74 patients, 113 events in 54 patients were laboratory values beyond the normal range.ConclusionRosuvastatin significantly improved lipid profiles, with an acceptable safety profile, contributing to plaque regression in Japanese patients with CAD.
Effectiveness of Internet‐based cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder in routine psychiatric care
Authors: Hedman E. , Ljótsson B. , Rück C. , Bergström J. , Andersson G. , Kaldo V. , Jansson L. , Andersson E. , Andersson E. , Blom K. , El Alaoui S. , Falk L. , Ivarsson J. , Nasri B. , Rydh S. , Lindefors N. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveGuided Internet‐based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for panic disorder has been shown to be efficacious in several randomized controlled trials. However, the effectiveness of the treatment when delivered within routine psychiatric care has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ICBT for panic disorder within the context of routine psychiatric care.MethodWe conducted a cohort study investigating all patients (n = 570) who had received guided ICBT for panic disorder between 2007 and 2012 in a routine care setting at an out‐patient psychiatric clinic providing Internet‐based treatment. The primary outcome measure was the Panic Disorder Severity Scale‐Self‐report (PDSS‐SR).ResultsParticipants made large improvements from screening and pretreatment assessments to posttreatment (Cohen's d range on the PDSS‐SR = 1.07–1.55). Improvements were sustained at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThis study suggests that ICBT for panic disorder is as effective when delivered in a routine care context as in the previously published randomized controlled trials.
Standardization of the Maristán Scale of Informal Care in people with schizophrenia and other psychoses
Authors: Saldivia S. , Torres‐Gonzalez F. , Runte‐Geidel A. , Xavier M. , Grandon P. , Antonioli C. , Ballester D. , Gibbons R. , Melipillan R. , Caldas J. M. , Vicente B. , Galende E. , King M. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveNo instrument has been developed and validated across cultures to measure the degree of support provided by informal carers to people with schizophrenia. We aimed to develop such a measure.MethodThe Maristán Scale of Informal Care was developed directly from the views of patients with schizophrenia in six countries. Face‐to‐face interviews were carried out with participants and 103 were repeated after 30 days. Principal Axis Factoring followed by Promax rotation evaluated the structure of the scale. Horn's parallel combined with bootstrapping determined the number of factors. Cronbach's alpha estimated the scale's internal consistency and intra‐class correlation its test‐retest reliability.ResultsA total of 164 interviews were undertaken, 103 with re‐test. The Horn's Parallel Analysis and the analysis of the Promax rotation revealed one factor. Cronbach's alpha was 0.89. Intra‐class correlation coefficient was 0.56 (95% CI 0.42–0.68) and this increased to 0.64 (95% CI 0.51–0.75) after removing two outlying values. Patients from Argentina recorded the lowest scores (poor informal support/care).ConclusionThe Maristán Scale of Informal Care is a reliable instrument to assess the degree of support provided by informal carers to people with schizophrenia across cultures. A confirmatory factor analysis is needed to evaluate the stability of its factor structure.
Clinical symptoms of psychotic episodes and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D serum levels in black first‐generation immigrants
Authors: Dealberto M.‐J. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveDark‐skinned immigrants have a higher risk for schizophrenia and other psychoses than other immigrants. The first British studies reported that first‐generation immigrants (FGIs) from the Caribbean presented atypical psychoses. This study examines the characteristics of psychotic episodes in black FGIs to Canada.MethodThe charts of 18 FGIs from Africa and Haiti, extracted from a series of 20 black patients consecutively admitted to Psychiatry, were retrospectively reviewed regarding clinical features, diagnoses and vitamin D levels.ResultsYoung FGIs presented acute psychotic episodes with abrupt onset, florid positive symptoms, few negative symptoms and good evolution. The onset was more insidious in older FGIs. Overall, catatonia was very frequent (28%), and mood symptoms still more frequent (44%). No cognitive decline was observed during follow‐up. Serum levels of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D were in the insufficiency range. Supplementation at 1000 IU/day did not restore normal levels.ConclusionThe clinical features of psychotic episodes in black FGIs are similar to those reported in dark‐skinned FGIs to other countries. They are also observed in other immigrants and in non‐immigrants. These atypical psychoses are possibly related to a recent vitamin D deficit. This hypothesis should be tested by clinical trials of sufficient vitamin D supplementation.
Morphology of the Dentin Structure of Sloths Bradypus tridactylus: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation
Authors: Santana L. N. S. , Barbosa L. V. M. , Teixeira F. B. , Costa A. M. P. , Fernandes L. M. P. , Lima R. R. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the dentine morphology of sloths (Bradypus tridactylus). The sloth teeth were removed and prepared for light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy analyses (SEM). LM revealed two patterns of tubular dentins: an outer with dentinary tubules over the all tooth length and one in the inner part with larger diameter and more spaced tubules, when compared to those present in the outer dentine. These findings were confirmed by SEM, which revealed a tubular pattern in the outer dentine like in humans. The inner dentine displayed pared grouped tubules that were characterized as vascular channels. It can be concluded that this sloth species present two types of dentins: an inner dentin (ortodentin) and an outer dentin characterized as a vascular dentin. This suggests a partial evolutive/adaptive process of this dental tissue, as compared to other mammalian species.
Comparative Evaluation of the Cadaveric and Computed Tomographic Features of the Coelomic Cavity in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana), Black and White Tegu (Tupinambis merianae) and Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Banzato T. , Selleri P. , Veladiano I. A. , Zotti A. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryContrast‐enhanced computed tomographic studies of the coelomic cavity in four green iguanas, four black and white tegus and four bearded dragons were performed using a conventional CT scanner. Anatomical reference cross sections were obtained from four green iguana, four black and white tegu and six bearded dragon cadavers; the specimens were stored in a −20°C freezer for 24 h then sliced into 5‐mm intervals. The frozen sections were cleaned with water and photographed on both sides. The individual anatomical structures were identified by means of the available literature; these were labelled first on the anatomical images and then matched to the corresponding computed tomography images. The results provide an atlas of the normal cross‐sectional and computed tomographic anatomy of the coelomic cavity in the green iguana, the black and white tegu and the bearded dragon, which is useful in the interpretation of any imaging modality.