bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Popular Politics in the Late Medieval City: York and Bruges
Authors: Liddy Christian D. , Haemers Jelle 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The city of York, England’s self-titled ‘second city’ in the late middle ages, was the site of persistent political conflict from the last quarter of the fifteenth century. The Flemish city of Bruges experienced a series of revolts in the same period. This article compares the patterns of popular politics in the two cities. Although dissimilar in governmental context, population size and commercial significance, their constitutional arrangements were much more comparable. The urban commons, organised and mobilised by the crafts, were at the centre of the major disturbances in each city. They had a distinctive reading of the urban constitution, which was nurtured in a guild environment among craftsmen and citizens. In York and Bruges, the crafts engaged in similar forms of collective action (petitioning, collective assembly and the occupation of public space), and revolt was the consequence of a pattern of corporate politics. The shared forms, goals and mentalities of popular protest in York and Bruges can provide an explanation of revolt which might apply not only to towns across late medieval Europe in which the political representation of the crafts was common but also, more generally, to those urban centres where a corporatist ethos flourished.
The Conservative Party and Welsh Politics in the Inter-War Years
Authors: Thomas Geraint 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Following the 1931 general election, the Conservative party dominated the electoral landscape in England and reached a twentieth-century high in Scotland. Conservatives in Wales, by contrast, failed to ride the wave of ‘National’ politics in the 1930s, with their best performances at the ballot box confined to the immediate aftermath of the First World War. The following article explores the reasons for Conservative failure in Wales and explains the pattern with reference to two types of constituency, namely the industrial seats of South Wales and the rural seats of Welsh-speaking West Wales, both of which were crucial to any party hoping to advance in the principality. The article highlights the essential durability of pre-1914 political cultures, along with the Conservatives’ failure both to neutralise the anti-English flavour of the Victorian Celtic revival and, unlike Labour in South Wales, to capitalise on the mutable nature of the dissenting tradition. The obstacles to Conservative success were further shaped by social and economic conditions, linguistic peculiarities and denominational identities, compounded by the ability of the Liberal party in West Wales, and increasingly the Labour party in South Wales, to (re)construct imagined ‘national’ political identities that served as counter-hegemonic discourses against British Conservatism. Amid the recent transnational turn, this article alerts us to the continuing scope of the national idiom in discussions of modern British political culture.
Hamlet
dans
La Nouvelle Héloïse
, ou la leçon d'arts visuels de Gravelot à Rousseau
Authors: Ferrand Nathalie 
Published: July 2013

Résumé

Illustrateur célèbre de Fielding ou de l'abbé Prévost, Hubert François Gravelot (1699–1773) croise le chemin de Rousseau à l'occasion de l'illustration de
La Nouvelle Héloïse
(1761). On considère généralement qu'en dessinant la série des douze planches commandées par Rousseau, Gravelot s'acquitta fidèlement de sa tâche et qu'il suivit les consignes de l'écrivain, parvenant ainsi à une pleine réussite. Cette étude se consacre à l'une des planches les plus énigmatiques de la série, la dixième, que Rousseau appelait l'estampe des fantômes. À travers analyse de ses dessins préparatoires apparaît une divergence entre le projet initial de l'artiste et sa réalisation finale. Quels sont les modèles intervenus en cours de route? La culture littéraire de Gravelot, son goût pour le théâtre et les acteurs, et son expérience antérieure d'illustrateur lorsqu'il se trouvait en Angleterre surgissent brusquement et réservent des surprises en introduisant contre toute attente la présence de Shakespeare dans
La Nouvelle Héloïse
. Une autre image du travail de l'artiste apparaît dans son rapport à Rousseau, non plus faite de docilité voire de ‘servitude’ comme l'a dit la critique, mais apparaissant comme une création libérée, voire provocatrice.
Mixed afforestation of young subtropical trees promotes nitrogen acquisition and retention
Authors: Lang Anne C. , von Oheimb Goddert , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Yang Bo , Trogisch Stefan , Bruelheide Helge , Ma Keping , Härdtle Werner 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAfforestation is globally increasing to produce timber and pulp wood, but also to enhance ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, nutrient retention or groundwater recharge. In China, large areas have been and will be afforested in order to compensate for the negative impacts of former clear‐cuttings and to make use of the ecosystem services associated with afforestation. In order to further optimize these services with regard to balanced nutrient (particularly nitrogen) cycles, it is important to know whether the use of mixtures of native tree species in afforestation projects promotes the acquisition and retention of nitrogen compared with the currently established large‐scale monocultures.To test the effect of species richness on system N retention and tree sapling N uptake, we conducted a15N tracer experiment in a young tree plantation. To this end, saplings of four abundant early successional tree species were planted in monocultures, in two‐ and four‐species mixtures and as single trees.Nitrogen retention increased with higher species richness due to enhanced N pools in sapling biomass. These species richness effects strengthened over time.Species‐specific differences in15N recoveries over time revealed below‐ground niche differentiation with regard to N uptake, which is likely to result in complementary resource use among coexisting species.Synthesis and applications. This study provides evidence that mixed afforestation promotes N retention from the sapling stage. To further improve ecosystem services associated with afforestation, we strongly suggest the use of mixtures of native tree species instead of monocultures. Mixtures of four species may reduce system N losses and thus may lessen groundwater contamination due to N leaching. We encourage further investigations to find optimal species combinations that promote a wide range of ecosystem services related to more closed nutrient cycles and minimized soil erosion. In our study, the plantations' capability to retain N could be optimized by means of both increasing tree species richness and by choosing the optimal species combinations.
2010–2011 Queensland floods: Using Haddon's Matrix to define and categorise public safety strategies
Authors: Zhong Shuang , Clark Michele , Hou Xiang‐Yu , Zang Yu‐Li , FitzGerald Gerry 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe 2010–2011 Queensland floods resulted in the most deaths from a single flood event in Australia since 1916. This article analyses the information on these deaths for comparison with those from previous floods in modern Australia in an attempt to identify factors that have contributed to those deaths. Haddon's Matrix, originally designed for prevention of road trauma, offers a framework for understanding the interplay between contributing factors and helps facilitate a clearer understanding of the varied strategies required to ensure people's safety for particular flood types.MethodsPublic reports and flood relevant literature were searched using key words ‘flood’, ‘fatality’, ‘mortality’, ‘death’, ‘injury’ and ‘victim’ through Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO. Data relating to reported deaths during the 2010–2011 Queensland floods, and relevant data of previous Australian flood fatality (1997–2009) were collected from these available sources. These sources were also used to identify contributing factors.ResultsThere were 33 deaths directly attributed to the event, of which 54.5% were swept away in a flash flood on 10 January 2011. A further 15.1% of fatalities were caused by inappropriate behaviours. This is different to floods in modern Australia where over 90% of deaths are related to the choices made by individuals. There is no single reason why people drown in floods, but rather a complex interplay of factors.ConclusionsThe present study and its integration of research findings and conceptual frameworks might assist governments and communities to develop policies and strategies to prevent flood injury and fatalities.
Do patients die well in your emergency department?
Authors: Bradley Victoria , Burney Claire , Hughes Geoff 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the role of the ED in the management of patients needing palliative care is recognised internationally, there are little Australasian data on this issue. This study aimed to determine the current knowledge and attitude to the provision of palliative care in Australasian EDs.MethodsAll ED directors in Australasia were invited to complete an online survey about the provision of palliative care in their department. Quantitative data were described using counts and proportions, and qualitative data were summarised thematically.ResultsOf 165 eligible ED directors, 35 completed the survey (22%; 95% CI, 15–28%). Only 17/35 (49%; 95% CI, 32–65%) believed that ED provided good palliative care, and 28/35 (80%; 95% CI, 67–93%) were unaware of international gold standard palliative care protocols. Most had access to hospital‐based palliative care specialists 27/35 (77%; 95% CI, 63–91%); however, only 5/27 (19%; 95% CI, 4–33%) used them. Few EDs undertake formal training in palliative care 10/35 (29%; 95% CI, 16–45%). Respondents showed concern about the quality of palliative care they provide and advocated for more palliative care training.ConclusionAlthough limited by the low response rate, this survey indicates that there is a need and a desire for greater integration of the values and standards of high‐quality palliative care in Australasian EDs.
Identification of Impeding Factors for Dry Weight Achievement in End‐Stage Renal Disease After Appropriate Kidney Graft Function
Authors: Rivera‐González Sonia Catalina , Pérez‐Grovas Héctor , Madero Magdalena , Mora‐Bravo Franklin , Saavedra Nadia , López‐Rodriguez Javier , Lerma Claudia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that prevent dry weight achievement in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in renal replacement therapy through the change in their body weight after kidney transplant (KT) compared with 1 week before KT. The study included 188 ESRD patients of diverse etiology who received living kidney transplantation with normal immediate graft function, 62.2% were male, age 29 ± 11 years old. All patients were on renal replacement therapy for at least 1 month before KT with either hemodiafiltration (N = 106), hemodialysis (N = 25), or peritoneal dialysis (N = 57). Based on body weight difference (after transplant—before transplant), patients with body weight difference ≤2 kg were considered as being close to their dry weight (Group 1, N = 112), whereas patients with body weight difference >2 kg were considered as being overhydrated (Group 2, N = 76). Clinical and biochemical characteristics were obtained from the medical records at three periods of time: time of ESRD initiation (baseline), 1 week before undergoing KT, and 1 week after KT. The mean time (± standard deviation) from renal replacement therapy initiation to the week before KT was 9.2 ± 5 months. Group 2 had a higher proportion of men, antihypertensive use, peritoneal dialysis, and higher urine output during all periods. Before KT, Group 2 had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than Group 1. After KT, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased in Group 2, whereas no change occurred in Group 1. Before KT, Group 2 had higher levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and phosphorous compared with Group 1. Compared with baseline, Group 1 had more optimal blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid parameters before KT than Group 2. After KT, all parameters improved with respect to baseline in both groups. Hemoglobin, albumin, and sodium were similar between groups, except for higher hemoglobin in Group 2 than Group 1 after KT. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male sex, peritoneal dialysis, and systolic blood pressure before KT were independent risk factors for overhydration. In conclusion, high systolic blood pressure and peritoneal dialysis were two independent modifiable variables associated with overhydration before KT. Assessment of the body weight change after KT is a useful tool to evaluate dry weight, in addition to identifying variables associated with poor volume control. This could allow adjustment of clinical and dialysis parameters in future patients.
Does Regular Lipid Apheresis in Patients With Isolated Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Levels Reduce the Incidence of Cardiovascular Events?
Authors: Rosada Adrian , Kassner Ursula , Vogt Anja , Willhauck Michael , Parhofer Klaus , Steinhagen‐Thiessen Elisabeth 
Published: July 2013

AbstractElevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is known as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Regular lipid apheresis decreases elevated Lp(a) concentrations. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the effect of lipid apheresis on cardiovascular endpoints. To assess the effects of apheresis, we compared the occurrence of cardiovascular events in 37 patients treated regularly with lipid apheresis at the time periods of preinitiation of apheresis and during apheresis treatment. A retrospective analysis of 37 patients (35 men and two women; aged 58 years ± 11 [mean ± standard deviation]; body mass index 26 kg/m2 ± 3; low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol before apheresis 84 mg/dL ± 21; Lp(a) before apheresis 112 mg/dL ± 34) treated regularly with lipid apheresis was performed. Patients' medical records were screened for cardiovascular events at the preapheresis and during apheresis periods. Apheresis led to a significant reduction of lipid levels (LDL cholesterol −60%; Lp(a) –68%) measured after apheresis. The event‐free survival rate after 1 year in the preapheresis period was 38% (22–54%, 95% confidence interval [CI]) vs. 75% (61–89%, 95% CI) in the during‐apheresis period with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). Apheresis seems to lower the progression of atherosclerosis leading to a reduced number of cardiovascular events in hyperlipoproteinemia(a). Because prospective and controlled trials are lacking, the therapeutic effectiveness of lipid apheresis can only be estimated.
Distribution and temporal prevalence of Theileria orientalis major piroplasm surface protein types in eastern Australian cattle herds
Authors: Eamens GJ , Bailey G , Gonsalves JR , Jenkins C 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the distribution of theilerial types in eastern Australian cattle herds and their changing prevalence in regions of New South Wales (NSW).DesignSurvey testing of herds in 2010–11 in Queensland (QLD), NSW and Victoria (VIC) where clinical theileriosis was not evident and ongoing surveillance in NSW through laboratory submissions.MethodsBlood samples were tested by PCR targeting the Theileria orientalis p32 gene and positive tests were examined for the Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli types. Survey samples from 516 cattle in 50 herds and diagnostic submissions from 434 suspect field cases in 116 herds were analysed.ResultsIn clinically normal survey cattle, T. orientalis prevalence was high (NSW 23.7%, QLD 56.8%, VIC 34.0%), with variability among regions of each state. Chitose was the most common and widespread type (19.1–43.7% per state), with Buffeli present in all states at a lower prevalence (10.8–24.8% per state). Ikeda was detected in three of five regions in QLD (North, South and South East; prevalence 3.4–15.4%), only one of the surveyed regions in NSW (North Coast; prevalence 74.2%) and in only one animal in VIC. Evidence of clinical disease and laboratory confirmation of Ikeda infection in diagnostic submissions were predominant in several NSW regions, with increasing numbers of affected herds particularly in the coastal Mid‐Coast and Cumberland areas.ConclusionsIn those regions where prior evidence of theileriosis was uncommon, Ikeda infection was evident in a limited number of NSW regions and multiple regions in QLD. However, clinical disease has continued to become widespread in NSW and VIC, involving Ikeda strains in many regions.
False hyperchloraemia in a dog secondary to ingestion of horse feed supplemented with potassium bromide
Authors: Peacock RE , Smart L 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundA dog was presented for acute abdominal distension after inadvertent access to a large amount of dry dog food and possibly horse feed consisting of chaff, pony cubes and vitamin, mineral and yeast supplements.ResultsA marked hyperchloraemia and decreased anion gap on blood electrolyte analysis prompted a review of the patient's history for potential ingestion of bromide. It was revealed that the horse feed was supplemented with potassium bromide. The serum bromide level was 23.6 mmol/L. The dog recovered uneventfully.ConclusionThis case report highlights the importance of knowing common interferents of chemical analysis techniques.
Pathotyping of Australian isolates of Marek's disease virus in commercial broiler chickens vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) or bivalent (HVT/SB1) vaccine and association with viral load in the spleen and feather dander
Authors: Walkden‐Brown SW , Islam A , Islam AFMF , Burgess SK , Groves PJ , Cooke J 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo pathotype Australian isolates of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in commercial broiler chickens using standard methods and to evaluate early markers of pathotype.MethodsA complete 3 × 4 factorial experiment with two replicates was conducted using 648 Cobb broiler chickens in 24 isolators. The experimental factors were vaccination (unvaccinated, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), bivalent (HVT + SB1 strain of serotype 2 MDV)) and MDV challenge (unchallenged or 500 plaque‐forming units of isolates MFP57, 02LAR or FT158). Mortality, body weight, immune‐organ weights and viral load were measured to 56 days post challenge (dpc). Vaccinal protective index (PI) and virulence rank (VR) were calculated based on gross Marek's disease (MD) pathology.ResultsThe PIs provided by the HVT and bivalent vaccines against challenge with MPF57, 02LAR, and FT158 were 84.6% 56%, 61.4% and 82.2%, 60.8%, 57.7%, respectively, leading to putative pathotypes of virulent MDV for MPF57 and very virulent MDV for 02LAR and FT158. Significantly more of the unvaccinated chickens (85.7%) had MD lesions than chickens vaccinated with either the HVT (26.8%) or bivalent vaccine (27.6%). Strong linear relationships were observed between the incidence of MD at 56 dpc and MDV load in the spleen at 7 dpc (R2 = 0.71) and MDV load in the isolator exhaust dust at 14 dpc (R2 = 0.57) and 21 dpc (R2 = 0.51). Immune organ weights had a weaker association with subsequent MD incidence.ConclusionPathotyping results in broiler chickens with maternal antibody broadly agreed with those in specific‐pathogen‐free chickens in other studies, with some important differences. MDV load in the spleen at 7 dpc and in isolator dust at both 14 and 21 dpc was a powerful early predictor of subsequent MD incidence.
Testing for Hendra virus: difficulties experienced by veterinarians in Queensland prior to 2011
Authors: Mendez D , Judd J , Speare R 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo identify the perceived barriers to Hendra virus (HeV) management by private equine veterinarians in Queensland.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study of private equine veterinarians registered and working in coastal Queensland.MethodsA questionnaire that included eight open‐ended questions about the management of HeV was used in face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews with 21 veterinary personnel working in equine or mixed private practice between Far North and South‐East Queensland in 2009–10. The qualitative data was entered and analysed thematically using QSR's International's Nvivo 9 qualitative data analysis software.ResultsThis study revealed key issues associated with HeV testing: (1) inadequate knowledge of testing procedures and laboratory diagnostic pathways; (2) difficulty in accessing laboratory services; (3) responsibility for cost of collection and transport of specimen; and (4) the role of government. Participants perceived these issues as reducing potential HeV case management efficiency.ConclusionAlthough HeV management plans have been modified in part since 2009–10, this study highlights the importance of considering the perspectives of private veterinary practitioners in any biosecurity protocols.
Response of Australian veterinarians to the announcement of a Hendra virus vaccine becoming available
Authors: Mendez D , Büttner P , Speare R 
Published: July 2013

DesignA cross‐sectional study of private veterinarians providing equine services in Queensland.ResultsThe study revealed that a majority of veterinarians would support the introduction of a Hendra virus (HeV) vaccine. Moreover, almost half of the respondents intended to make vaccination a prerequisite to horse patient presentation. However, participants also responded that a vaccine would not reduce the risk sufficiently to cease or downgrade their HeV management plan and infection control measures.ConclusionWhen devising promoting and marketing campaigns, government agencies and manufacturers should consider private veterinarians' intentions as a significant driver for the uptake of the HeV vaccine.
Gaining knowledge about parental mental illness: how does it empower children?
Authors: Grove Christine , Reupert Andrea , Maybery Darryl 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study examined the utility of a digital video disc (DVD) intervention, designed to educate children, whose parents have depression and/or anxiety. Twenty‐nine children completed pre‐ and post‐DVD exposure questionnaires, on mental health knowledge and help seeking, and 18 were interviewed about their experiences and use of the DVD. Post‐DVD, children's knowledge of mental illness improved. The DVD also challenged mental illness misconceptions. Most children preferred watching the DVD with a parent. The study explains how children utilize information about mental illness.