bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An inorganic geochemical argument for coupled anaerobic oxidation of methane and iron reduction in marine sediments
Authors: Riedinger N. , Formolo M. J. , Lyons T. W. , Henkel S. , Beck A. , Kasten S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHere, we present results from sediments collected in the Argentine Basin, a non‐steady state depositional marine system characterized by abundant oxidized iron within methane‐rich layers due to sediment reworking followed by rapid deposition. Our comprehensive inorganic data set shows that iron reduction in these sulfate and sulfide‐depleted sediments is best explained by a microbially mediated process—implicating anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to iron reduction (Fe‐AOM) as the most likely major mechanism. Although important in many modern marine environments, iron‐drivenAOMmay not consume similar amounts of methane compared with sulfate‐dependentAOM. Nevertheless, it may have broad impact on the deep biosphere and dominate both iron and methane cycling in sulfate‐lean marine settings. Fe‐AOMmight have been particularly relevant in the Archean ocean, >2.5 billion years ago, known for its production and accumulation of iron oxides (in iron formations) in a biosphere likely replete with methane but low in sulfate. Methane at that time was a critical greenhouse gas capable of sustaining a habitable climate under relatively low solar luminosity, and relationships to iron cycling may have impacted if not dominated methane loss from the biosphere.
An innovative approach to enhancing continuing education activities for practising pharmacists using clicker technology
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E , To Josephine , Thomas Alicia E , Phillips Adam J 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an audience response system (i.e. clickers) as an engaging tool for learning and examine its potential for enhancing continuing education (CE) activities.

Methods
Attendees at a symposium were invited to utilise and evaluate the use of clickers. Electronic data relating to participant demographics and feedback were collected using clickers during the symposium.

Results
The 60 attendees who used the clickers were mostly pharmacists (76%) who worked in hospital pharmacy practice (86%). Attendees strongly agreed or agreed that clickers were easy to use (94%), enhanced interaction (98%), allowed comparison of knowledge with that of their peers (78%), brought to attention their knowledge deficits (64%) and should be used again (94%).

Conclusion
The innovative use of clickers at the symposium was very well received by all attendees and offered a number of benefits, including the ability to provide a more engaging and interactive CE activity.
Thoracic Limb Alignment in Healthy Labrador Retrievers: Evaluation of Standing Versus Recumbent Frontal Plane Radiography
Authors: Goodrich Zachary J. , Norby Bo , Eichelberger Bunita M. , Friedeck Wade O. , Callis Hollye N. , Hulse Don A. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Fox Derek B. , Saunders W. Brian 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo report thoracic limb alignment values in healthy dogs; to determine if limb alignment values are significantly different when obtained from standing versus recumbent radiographic projections.Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional study.AnimalsLabrador Retrievers (n = 45) >15 months of age.MethodsStanding and recumbent radiographs were obtained and limb montages were randomized before analysis by a single investigator blinded to dog, limb, and limb position. Twelve limb alignment values were determined using the CORA methodology. Measurements were performed in triplicate and intra‐observer variability was evaluated by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Limb alignment values were reported as mean ± SD and 95% confidence intervals. Linear mixed models were used to determine if significant associations existed between limb alignment values and limb, limb position, gender, age, weight, and body condition score.ResultsThere were significant differences in standing and recumbent limb alignment values for all values except elbow mechanical axis deviation (eMAD). Limb, gender, age, body weight, and body condition score had no effect. ICC values ranged from 0.522 to 0.758, indicating moderate to substantial agreement for repeated measurements by a single investigator.ConclusionsLimb alignment values are significantly different when determined from standing versus recumbent radiographs in healthy Labrador Retrievers.
Permission to be prejudiced: Legitimacy credits in the evaluation of advertisements
Authors: Choi Beomjoon , Crandall Chris S. , La Suna 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe investigated discrimination in the context of evaluating advertisements, based on the suppression model (justification‐suppression model [JSM]) of prejudice expression. Previous research has demonstrated that when people are given an opportunity to give a high rating to an ad featuring a Black model, a sense of nonprejudice is created, which, in turn, provides an opportunity to discriminate subsequently without feeling prejudiced. We extended the JSM by investigating whether the acquisition of legitimacy credits (a moral authority earned by demonstrating nonprejudice) is a sufficient condition to release the expression of prejudice. We found that subjects who first evaluated a high‐quality ad featuring a Black model felt eligible to use legitimacy credits in subsequent evaluations. But in a subsequent study, participants who acquired these credits evaluated Black model ads more negatively than White model ads only when these ads were of low quality. The implications for evaluating the subtle way that prejudice affects rating of models of color in advertisements are discussed.
How negative descriptive norms for healthy eating undermine the effects of positive injunctive norms
Authors: Staunton Mina , Louis Winnifred R. , Smith Joanne R. , Terry Deborah J. , McDonald Rachel I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHealthy eating intentions were assessed as a function of theory of planned behavior variables and manipulated group norm salience. Participants (n = 119) were exposed (or not) to a positive injunctive norm that their fellow students approve of eating healthily, and (or not) to a negative descriptive norm that their fellow students do not eat healthily. A significant interaction emerged. When a negative descriptive norm was made salient, participants exposed to a positive injunctive norm reported significantly lower intentions to eat healthily. When no descriptive norm was given, exposure to a positive injunctive norm had no effect. The results suggest the weakness of manipulated injunctive norm salience in the health domain, and the importance of investigating the interactive effects of referent group norms.
The accuracy of the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS‐Q) in classifying severity of impairment: a brief report
Authors: Murray A. L. , McKenzie K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundSeverity of intellectual disability (ID) is associated with a range of outcomes for the individual and having an indication of severity can help inform support needs. Previous research has not evaluated whether screening tools can accurately ascertain severity category in addition to providing a red flag for the presence of ID.MethodsWe used multi‐category receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess whether the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS‐Q) could be used clinically to classify individuals (n = 191) aged between 12 and 18 according to British Psychological Society (BPS) categories of severity of impairment.ResultsThe volume under the surface statistic (VUS) was 0.59. The optimal cut‐points estimated based on the ROC surface and Youden Index provided correct classification probabilities for the severe, significant and non‐ID groups of 0.44, 0.63 and 0.86 and 0.79, 0.29 and 0.88 respectively.ConclusionsWhile the CAIDS‐Q can accurately discriminate between those with and without ID, and provides a heuristic for severity of ID, the results indicate that it does not reliably identify whether an individual falls into the severe or significant category of intellectual impairment.
Residual neuromuscular blockade and postoperative critical respiratory events: literature review
Authors: Kiekkas Panagiotis , Bakalis Nick , Stefanopoulos Nikolaos , Konstantinou Evangelos , Aretha Diamanto 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo investigate and synthesise published literature on the associations between residual neuromuscular blockade and critical respiratory events of postoperative adult patients in the postanaesthesia care unit.BackgroundResidual neuromuscular blockade continues to be common among patients transferred to the postanaesthesia care unit after general anaesthesia, while negative effects of residual neuromuscular blockade on respiratory function have been demonstrated in laboratory volunteers.DesignLiterature review.MethodsUsing key terms, a search was conducted in Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database and EMBASE (January 1990–May 2013) for clinical trials or observational studies on the associations between residual neuromuscular blockade and critical respiratory events, published in English‐language journals.ResultsNine articles met the inclusion criteria. Residual neuromuscular blockade definition threshold differed between studies. Among critical respiratory events, only hypoxaemia was investigated in all included studies. Residual neuromuscular blockade was significantly associated with increased incidence of hypoxaemia during postanaesthesia care unit stay in most studies, while associations with the rest of the critical respiratory events were inconclusive.ConclusionsAlthough limited, existing research has provided evidence that patients with residual neuromuscular blockade are at high risk of early postoperative hypoxaemia. Further studies are needed to investigate independent associations between residual neuromuscular blockade and critical respiratory events, along with causality of these associations. The clinical importance of residual neuromuscular blockade for groups at high risk of critical respiratory events should also be investigated.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals have to be aware of the increased risk of hypoxaemia in patients with residual neuromuscular blockade. Efforts to decrease residual neuromuscular blockade incidence, combined with identification and appropriate evaluation of patients with residual neuromuscular blockade during postanaesthesia care unit stay, are recommended.
Coagulation Factor and Hemostatic Protein Content of Canine Plasma after Storage of Whole Blood at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Walton J.E. , Hale A.S. , Brooks M.B. , Boag A.K. , Barnett W. , Dean R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundStandard practice in canine blood banking is to produce fresh frozen plasma (FFP) by separating and freezing plasma produced from blood within 8 hours of collection. Within canine blood donation programs, this can limit the number of units collected.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim was to compare the coagulation factor and hemostatic protein content (CF&HPC) of plasma produced from blood stored at ambient temperature for 8, 12, and 24 hours. Another aim was to compare the CF&HPC between Greyhound types and other breeds.AnimalsNone.MethodsIn vitro study. A convenience sample of 58 units of canine blood from a blood donor pool was processed to prepare and freeze plasma 8, 12, or 24 hours following collection.ResultsRegardless of time of processing, the units contained therapeutic CF&HPC. Frozen plasma prepared after 24 hours had significantly higher factor VIII (P = .014) and factor X (P = .03) when compared with the frozen plasma prepared at 8 hours. Factor X (P < .01), fibrinogen (P < .01), and vWF (P = .04) were significantly lower in plasma collected from Greyhound types than in plasma collected from other breeds.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceStoring whole blood for up to 24 hours is a suitable method for producing FFP. Lower values for some coagulation factors and hemostatic proteins in plasma produced from Greyhound types would not preclude these dogs as FFP donors.
Exclusion of a Brain Lesion: Is Intravenous Contrast Administration Required after Normal Precontrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
Authors: Ives E.J. , Rousset N. , Heliczer N. , Herrtage M.E. , Vanhaesebrouck A.E. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundNo evidence‐based guidelines are available for the administration of gadolinium‐based contrast media to veterinary patients.ObjectiveTo investigate whether administration of intravenous (IV) contrast media alters the likelihood of identifying a brain lesion in dogs and cats.AnimalsFour hundred and eighty‐seven client‐owned animals referred for investigation of intracranial disease.MethodsTwo reviewers retrospectively analyzed precontrast transverse and sagittal T1‐weighted (T1W), T2‐weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery low‐field MRI sequences from each patient for the presence of a clinically relevant brain lesion. All sequences subsequently were reviewed in the same manner with additional access to postcontrast T1W images.ResultsOf the 487 precontrast MRI studies, 312 were judged to be normal by 1 or both reviewers. Of these 312 studies, a previously undetected lesion was identified in only 6 cases (1.9%) based on changes observed on postcontrast sequences. Final diagnoses included meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (n = 1), feline infectious peritonitis (n = 1), and neoplasia (n = 2). All 4 of these cases had persistent neurological deficits suggestive of an underlying brain lesion. Contrast enhancement observed in the 2 other cases was considered falsely positive based on the results of further investigations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn patients with normal neurological examination and normal precontrast MRI, the subsequent administration of IV gadolinium‐based contrast media is highly unlikely to disclose a previously unidentified lesion, calling into question the routine administration of contrast media to these patients. However, administration still should be considered in animals with persistent neurological deficits suggestive of an underlying inflammatory or neoplastic brain lesion.
In search of an effective treatment for recurrent mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in the renal allograft
Authors: Cai Michael MX , Simpson Ian , Mulley William R 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN), recurrent disease post transplantation is a common cause of graft loss. We report a case of a 33‐year‐old female with ESKD due to idiopathic MCGN who developed recurrent disease in two consecutive renal allografts. Recurrent disease was diagnosed two months after receiving her primary transplant from a live related donor. Oral cyclophosphamide was initiated but discontinued after 10 months due to cystitis. This was followed by rapid deterioration in her renal function. Despite salvage therapy with rituximab, the graft was lost 2 years post transplantation. After 7 years on haemodialysis, the patient received a second graft from a deceased donor. Recurrent MCGN was once again diagnosed one year post transplantation. She was treated with plasma exchange and rituximab. Despite ongoing nephrotic range proteinuria, her graft function remained stable 2 years post transplantation. The optimal therapy for recurrent MCGN is unknown at this stage. It is hoped that a better understanding of its pathogenesis will enable the development of more effective and targeted therapies.
Atypical HUS associated with severe, unexpected antibody‐mediated rejection post kidney transplant
Authors: Stevenson Sarah , Mallett Andrew , Oliver Kimberley , Hyland Valentine , Hawley Carmel , Malmanche Theo , Isbel Nicole 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present a case of an unsensitized patient with end‐stage kidney disease secondary to atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) with mutations in CD46/MCP and CFH who developed severe, intractable antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) unresponsive to therapy post kidney transplantation. There were no haematological features of thrombotic microangiopathy. The patient received standard induction therapy and after an initial fall in serum creatinine, severe ABMR developed in the setting of urosepsis. Despite maximal therapy with thymoglobulin, plasma exchange and methylprednisolone, rapid graft loss resulted and transplant nephrectomy was performed. Luminex at 4 weeks showed a new DSA and when repeated after nephrectomy showed antibodies to each of the 5 mismatched antigens with high MFI. The rate of recurrence of disease in patients with aHUS referred for transplantation is 50% and is associated with a high rate of graft loss. It is dependent in part on the nature of the mutation with circulating factors CFH and CFI more likely to cause recurrent disease than MCP which is highly expressed in the kidney. There is increasing interest in the role of complement in the development and propagation of ABMR via terminal complement activation. This case suggesting that dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway within the transplant kidney may have contributed to the severe AMR. Very little is known about the impact of complement dysregulation and the development of anti HLA antibodies however the strength of HLA antibody formation was prominent in this case.
Anxiety and surplus in nursing practice: lessons from Lacan and Bataille
Authors: Evans Alicia M. , Glass Nel , Traynor Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt is well established, following Menzies' work, that nursing practice produces considerable anxiety. Like Menzies, we bring a psychoanalytic perspective to a theorization of anxiety in nursing and do so in order to consider nursing practice in the light of psychoanalytic theory, although from a Lacanian perspective. We also draw on Bataille's notion of ‘surplus’. These concepts provide the theoretical framework for a study investigating how some clinical nurses are able to remain in clinical practice rather than leave the profession or seek work at a distance from the bedside. We conducted focus groups and present here an analysis of two fragments of nurses' speech. We found the nurses responded from one of two positions. In the first position, the nurses focus on doctors, complain about the surplus afforded them, and call for it to be eliminated. In this way, the nursing group is similar to other groups, considered by Bataille, who also attempt to get rid of a surplus. However, in the second position, the nurses stay with the surplus, tolerating it as they nurse the patient. This latter position is one where the nurse practises with a focus on the patient rather than being distracted by their dispute over the doctor's privilege. The importance of this paper is in its illustration of two distinct positions from which the nurse can practise: one that is not optimal because the nurse is distracted and the other that is more focused on practice, and thus the nurse is in a position to provide the best care possible to patients.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor: A Predictor of Recurrence after Catheter Ablation in Patients with Nonparoxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SONG ZHI‐PING , LIU XU , ZHANG DA‐DONG 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAlthough catheter ablation can effectively eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF), the progression of atrial remodeling increases the risk of recurrence. We, therefore, examined the possibility of determining the postablation prognosis of patients with AF using biomarkers of atrial structural remodeling and serum connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) level, and measured its changes after catheter ablation.MethodsSubjects were 400 consecutive patients (308 with paroxysmal AF and 92 with nonparoxysmal AF [persistent and long‐standing persistent AF]) who underwent catheter ablation for drug‐resistant AF. Serum CTGF levels were measured before and 2 months after ablation.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period of 20.5 ± 6.9 (8–30) months, 61 patients (66%) with nonparoxysmal AF and 95 patients (31%) with paroxysmal AF had recurrence after catheter ablation. Recurrence was associated with higher “baseline CTGF level” in patients with nonparoxysmal AF (936.5 ± 93.1 ng/mL vs 746.3 ± 56.9 ng/mL, P = 0.007) instead of patients with paroxysmal AF (851.6 ± 97.6 ng/mL vs 807.6 ± 99.1 ng/mL, P = 0.921). In nonparoxysmal AF, the recurrence subgroup also had larger left atrial diameter (LAD; 47.1 ± 5.2 mm vs 39.5 ± 4.3 mm, P = 0.035) compared with the nonrecurrence subgroup, and “baseline serum CTGF” and LAD were shown to be independent predictors for postablation recurrence by a Cox proportional hazards model. However, the 2‐month postablation elevations of CTGF in patients with recurrence were not significantly different from that in patients without recurrence in nonparoxysmal AF.ConclusionOur finding indicates that “baseline serum CTGF level” is an independent predictor for recurrence in patients with nonparoxysmal AF following catheter ablation. Two‐month postablation elevation in CTGF has no association with recurrence.
Effect of T‐DNA insertions on mRNA transcript copy numbers upstream and downstream of the insertion site in Arabidopsis thaliana explored by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kadam Ulhas , Moeller Claudia A. , Irudayaraj Joseph , Schulz Burkhard 
Published: January 2014

SummaryWe report the effect of a T‐DNA insertion on the expression level of mRNA transcripts of the TWISTED DWARF 1 (TWD1) gene upstream and downstream of the T‐DNA insertion site in Arabidopsis. A novel approach based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed to detect and quantify the effect of a T‐DNA insertion on mRNA transcript accumulation at 5′‐ and 3′‐ends of the TWD1 gene. A T‐DNA insertion mutant in the TWD1 gene (twd1‐2) was chosen to test the sensitivity and the feasibility of the approach. The null mutant of the FK506‐like immunophilin protein TWD1 in Arabidopsis shows severe dwarfism and strong disoriented growth of plant organs. A spontaneous arising suppressor allele of twd1‐2 called twd‐sup displayed an intermediate phenotype between wild type and the knockout phenotype of twd1‐2. Both twd1 mutant alleles have identical DNA sequences at the TWD1 locus including the T‐DNA insertion in the fourth intron of the TWD1 gene but they show clear variability in the mutant phenotype. We present here the development and application of SERS‐based mRNA detection and quantification using the expression of the TWD1 gene in wild type and both mutant alleles. The hallmarks of our SERS approach are a robust and fast assay to detect up to 0.10 fm of target molecules including the ability to omit in vitro transcription and amplification steps after RNA isolation. Instead we perform direct quantification of RNA molecules. This enables us to detect and quantify rare RNA molecules at high levels of precision and sensitivity.