bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large language models: a new approach for privacy policy analysis at scale
Authors: Rodriguez David , Yang Ian , Del Alamo Jose M. , Sadeh Norman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe number and dynamic nature of web sites and mobile applications present regulators and app store operators with significant challenges when it comes to enforcing compliance with applicable privacy and data protection laws. Over the past several years, people have turned to Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to automate privacy compliance analysis (e.g., comparing statements in privacy policies with analysis of the code and behavior of mobile apps) and to answer people’s privacy questions. Traditionally, these NLP techniques have relied on labor-intensive and potentially error-prone manual annotation processes to build the corpora necessary to train them. This article explores and evaluates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as an alternative for effectively and efficiently identifying and categorizing a variety of data practice disclosures found in the text of privacy policies. Specifically, we report on the performance of ChatGPT and Llama 2, two particularly popular LLM-based tools. This includes engineering prompts and evaluating different configurations of these LLM techniques. Evaluation of the resulting techniques on well-known corpora of privacy policy annotations yields an F1 score exceeding 93%. This score is higher than scores reported earlier in the literature on these benchmarks. This performance is obtained at minimal marginal cost (excluding the cost required to train the foundational models themselves). These results, which are consistent with those reported in other domains, suggest that LLMs offer a particularly promising approach to automated privacy policy analysis at scale.
Caloric restriction mimetics improve gut microbiota: a promising neurotherapeutics approach for managing age-related neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Singh Ishika , Anand Shashi , Gowda Deepashree J. , Kamath Amitha , Singh Abhishek Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota (GM) produces various molecules that regulate the physiological functionality of the brain through the gut-brain axis (GBA). Studies suggest that alteration in GBA may lead to the onset and progression of various neurological dysfunctions. Moreover, aging is one of the prominent causes that contribute to the alteration of GBA. With age, GM undergoes a shift in population size and species of microflora leading to changes in their secreted metabolites. These changes also hamper communications among the HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal), ENS (enteric nervous system), and ANS (autonomic nervous system). A therapeutic intervention that has recently gained attention in improving health and maintaining communication between the gut and the brain is calorie restriction (CR), which also plays a critical role in autophagy and neurogenesis processes. However, its strict regime and lifelong commitment pose challenges. The need is to produce similar beneficial effects of CR without having its rigorous compliance. This led to an exploration of calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs) which could mimic CR’s functions without limiting diet, providing long-term health benefits. CRMs ensure the efficient functioning of the GBA through gut bacteria and their metabolites i.e., short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and neurotransmitters. This is particularly beneficial for elderly individuals, as the GM deteriorates with age and the body’s ability to digest the toxic accumulates declines. In this review, we have explored the beneficial effect of CRMs in extending lifespan by enhancing the beneficial bacteria and their effects on metabolite production, physiological conditions, and neurological dysfunctions including neurodegenerative disorders.
The Relationship Between Self-Regulated Learning and Executive Functions—a Systematic Review
Authors: Dörrenbächer-Ulrich Laura , Bregulla Marius 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelf-regulated learning (SRL) and executive functions (EF) are broad concepts stemming from different research areas. They have been defined and modeled in various ways and are repeatedly related to each other in the literature, but so far, no systematic analyses of these relations have been published. Therefore, a systematic analysis of their relationships described in the literature was conducted. Nineteen studies were synthesized concerning different categories (age groups, measurement methods, role of metacognition, relation to achievement, and longitudinal/intervention studies). In general, primarily low to moderate correlational relationships between SRL and EF were reported, with no detectable pattern depending on the age group. Measurement methods used to capture SRL and EF seem to influence the size of the correlations, with indirect measures correlating higher than direct/indirect measures. In addition, there is evidence that metacognition mediates the relationship between EF and SRL. In general, the notion that EF predicts SRL but not vice versa is supported. Following the systematic review, the results are critically discussed in the light of non-generalizable samples, measurement methods, and results interpretation issues. Suggestions for theory building and promising future research are given.
The Fiji Dragonplum Dracontomelon vitiense Engl. (Anacardiaceae): a locally important but neglected fruit and timber tree endemic to the western Pacific region
Authors: Müller Jonas V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article provides an overview over taxonomy, distribution, cultivation and use of the Fiji Dragonplum, Dracontomelon vitiense Engl. The species belongs to the Anacardiaceae family with about 860 species in 83 genera. The majority of its species are distributed in warm subtropical and tropical areas. Among them, there are economically important timber, fruit and nut trees. Species in the genus Dracontomelon are distributed from tropical Asia to the south–western parts of the Pacific. Dracontomelon vitiense is endemic to the western Pacific region, from Santa Cruz Islands (Solomon Islands), Vanuatu, Fiji (including Rotuma), Tonga, Futuna, to Upolu (Samoa). It is a tall canopy tree and occurs predominantly at altitudes from sea level to 200–300 m asl. Dracontomelon vitiense is valued as a locally important, native fruit and timber tree. Although being a wild species, it is often planted in gardens and villages. Its fruits are widely consumed and sold in local markets. Dracontomelon vitiense produces commercially valuable timber, which is used for light constructions, furniture, canoes, wood carving, and as firewood. Dracontomelon vitiense can be considered a neglected tree for the Pacific region, with no active breeding going on. The species retains a large potential for improvement, commercialisation and income generation and as a component in sustainable agroforestry production systems however no figures about its commercial use are available. Ex-situ gene bank accessions of Dracontomelon vitiense are not available. No information exists about the genetic variation of the species. Several lines of future research are suggested.
A Mixed Methods, Critical, Participatory Approach for Studying Rural Black Youth’s Postsecondary Education Access and Opportunity
Authors: Means Darris R. , Chapman-Hilliard Collette , Lindsey Donnie , Page Ciara H. , Hayes Briana , Mann Destiny 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile researchers have used qualitative and quantitative methods to study postsecondary education access opportunity for rural Black youth, the use of critical mixed methods approaches to examine postsecondary education inequities for rural Black youth is unrealized. The purpose of this paper is to highlight lessons learned in using equity-centered, participatory approaches to study postsecondary education access and opportunity for rural Black youth and to develop a critical, asset-based scale to quantitatively investigate postsecondary education opportunity and access for rural Black youth. This study is informative for researchers seeking to develop critical, asset-based measures and instruments, and for educators and policymakers seeking to attend to place-based and racial educational inequities.
Investigation of Space-Time Dynamics of Akbota Equation using Sardar Sub-Equation and Khater Methods: Unveiling Bifurcation and Chaotic Structure
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Moneeb , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Aziz-ur-Rehman Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear Akbota equation through the application of the modified Khater method and Sardar sub-equation method. Renowned as one of the latest and precise analytical schemes for nonlinear evolution equations, this method has proven its efficacy by generating diverse solutions for the model under consideration. The equation is crucial in the study of optical solitons, which are stable pulses of light that maintain their shape over long distances. The Akbota equation helps in understanding the behavior and stability of these solitons. The governing equation undergoes transformation into an ordinary differential equation through a well-suited wave transformation. This analytical simplification paves the way for the derivation of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational solutions through the proposed methods. To illuminate the physical behavior of the model, the study presents graphical plots of the selected solutions of Khater and Sardar sub-equation method. This visual representation, achieved by selecting appropriate values for arbitrary parameters, enhances the understanding of the system’s dynamics. All calculations in this study are meticulously conducted using the Mathematica and Maple software, ensuring accuracy and reliability in the analysis of the obtained solution. Furthermore we investigate the sensitivity analysis of the dynamical system.
Exploring the Determinants of Student Attitudes towards Corruption in Guatemala: Are Economics Students Different?
Authors: Arce José Luis Álvarez , Rodríguez-Tejedo Isabel , Erro María Jesús Valdemoros 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the micro-determinants of corruption tolerance among 1414 university students in Guatemala, a country grappling with significant corruption issues. By examining the attitudes of economics majors compared to students in other disciplines through ordered logistic regression analysis, we offer new insights into factors influencing corruption tolerance in a developing country setting. This approach, by focusing on a developing country, fills a research gap in the literature on the differences between economics students and their peers from other programs. We find that economics students exhibit a greater tolerance for corruption. This result aligns with theories and research that suggest that economists show a profit-maximizing mindset, and distinctive values and fairness perceptions. Furthermore, our analysis reveals significant effects of gender and age on corruption tolerance, with women and older students reporting lower tolerance to corrupt practices. The study also uncovers the higher tolerance towards private versus public corruption. These findings provide valuable guidance for developing policies and educational initiatives to reduce corruption tolerance among future professionals in similar socio-economic environments.
Efficient metal ions biosorption on red and green algae biomass: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study
Authors: Ciobanu Alina-Alexandra , Lucaci Alina-Roxana , Bulgariu Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study two types of marine algae: red algae (Callithamnion corymbosum – CC-RAB) and green algae (Ulva lactuca – UL-GAB), were used for the retention of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ ions from aqueous media, by biosorption. Both types of marine algae are abundant on the Romanian coast of the Black Sea and, since they have no uses, they represent a serious problem for the beach area. Therefore, their use as biosorbents for the recovery of some metal ions of strategic industrial importance (such as Cu2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ ions) may represent a way to valorise this biomass resource. In order to evaluate the biosorptive performances of the red algae biomass (CC-RAB) and green algae biomass (UL-GAB), batch experimental studies were carried out at different initial solution pH, biosorbent dose, initial metal ions concentration contact time and temperature. The optimal conditions (pH = 5.0; 2.0 g biosorbent L-1, 3 h, 25 ±1 °C) were then used to obtain kinetic curves and biosorption isotherms, which were modelled. The pseudo-second order kinetic model best fits the kinetic data, while the biosorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir model, for all studied metal ions on both biosorbents. The maximum biosorption capacity depends on the nature of algae biosorbent, and follows the order: Cu2+ (81.25 mg g-1) > Zn2+ (73.69 mg g-1) > Co2+ (27.89 mg g-1) in the case of CC-RAB, and Zn2+ (69.29 mg g-1) > Cu2+ (43.47 mg g-1) > Co2+ (26.15 mg g-1) in the case of UL-GAB. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G0, ∆H0 and ∆S0) were also evaluated, and the obtained values indicate that all biosorption processes are spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, desorption of metal ions is quantitative in acid media, but the biosorption capacities decrease significantly after the first cycle of use. All these aspects have important environmental implications, and may provide benchmarks in the design of a strategy for the valorisation of this biomass resource.
“Who Comes Next?”: Planning and Managing Sustainable Initiatives that Facilitate Family Business Succession
Authors: Prazeres Vasco M. C. E. , Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Ferreira Neuza C. M. Q. F. , Ferreira João J. M. , Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė Ieva 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFamily businesses are increasingly recognized for their significance in the global economy, constituting a growing portion of companies worldwide and elevating the importance of this topic on governmental agendas. Unique challenges confront family firms, intertwining business decisions with familial repercussions. Among these challenges, the succession process emerges as a critical threat to their continuity. Inadequate solutions to the question of succession often lead to organizational failure, underscoring the urgency of addressing this issue. This study endeavors to construct an analysis model to support decision-makers throughout the succession journey, integrating a constructivist approach that merges cognitive mapping and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). This dual methodology facilitates the swift identification and analysis of factors crucial for smoother family business succession. The model development leverages insights from an expert panel and entails delineating cause-and-effect relationships among identified determinants and prioritizing these factors based on their significance. Subsequently, the model undergoes validation through a consolidation session with experts from the Associação de Empresas Familiares (i.e., Family Business Association in Portuguese), who assess its practical applicability. This includes perspectives from a Brazilian expert renowned for his understanding of family business dynamics within an emerging economy—Brazil. The insights gleaned from these sessions inform recommendations on implementing the tested procedures within real-life family enterprises, thereby contributing to the sustainability and longevity of these businesses.
Analysis of perioperative autonomic nervous system activity to visualize stress in pediatric patients undergoing alveolar bone graft surgery
Authors: Uto Akari , Yamashita Kaoru , Yoshimine Shusei , Uchino Minako , Kibe Toshiro , Sugimura Mitsutaka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Perioperative stress in pediatric patients is often difficult to assess via interviews; thus, an objective measure to assess perioperative stress is needed. To visualize perioperative stress, we observed autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, circulatory dynamics, and psychological status in pediatric patients undergoing alveolar bone grafting under general anesthesia. This prospective observational study included 40 patients aged 8–12 years who were scheduled for alveolar bone grafting in our hospital. ANS activity was analyzed using heart rate variability the day before surgery, during general anesthesia, 2 h postoperatively, 24 h postoperatively, and the day before discharge. ANS assessment included LF/HF (sympathetic nervous system activity) and HF (parasympathetic nervous system activity). Additionally, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), face scale (FS) score were recorded. Data from 31 patients, excluding dropouts, were analyzed. The ratio of change to the preoperative value was compared. After surgery, the LF/HF, HR, SBP, and FS score significantly increased (P < 0.01) and HF significantly decreased (2 h postoperatively: P < 0.05, 24 h postoperatively, before discharge: P < 0.01). SBP recovered to preoperative values 24 h postoperatively, and HR and FS scores recovered to preoperative values before discharge. However, even before discharge, LF/HF remained significantly higher than preoperative values, and HF remained significantly lower than preoperative values (P < 0.01). Conclusion We observed perioperative stress from multiple perspectives. Circulatory dynamics and psychological status recovered by the day before discharge; however, ANS activity did not. Therefore, evaluating ANS activity may be useful in visualizing potential perioperative stress in pediatric patients.
An Experiential Approach to Training Medical Faculty to Coach: “The Total Experience was Much More Than the Sum of Its Parts”
Authors: Mukherjee Binata , Smith Rebecca , Khalsa Gurupreet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoaching in academic medicine may be used for performance improvement as well as personal and professional growth and development. Medical faculty used to advising and mentoring learners may find it challenging to transition to coaching. Limited information is available about educating physicians to take on the role of coaching. We investigated a faculty coach training program at an academic medical center, using qualitative methods to explore how participants’ perceptions of the training aligned with the elements of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Intentional Change Theory (ICT) that were taught using the principles of Experiential Learning Theory (ELT). Based on findings that illuminated understanding and practice of coaching, it may be summarized that the application of experiential learning may be an effective approach in helping faculty embrace the principles of SDT and ICT and make the shift to transformational coaching.
Understanding Australian Massage Therapists’ Attitudes and Confidence to Respond to Domestic and Family Violence in Clinical Practice: Findings From a Community Survey
Authors: Fogarty Sarah , Hay Phillipa , Baird Kathleen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate massage therapists’ attitudes, consultation processes, and confidence to respond to situations involving domestic and family violence (DFV) in clinical practice.

Methods
An online survey-based study was conducted and Australian massage therapists, 18 years of age or over were recruited. The survey included 64 questions in 3 sections: 1) Demographics, 2) Recognize Family and Domestic Violence, and 3) Respond to domestic and family violence with 4 subsections; i) disclosures, ii) referrals, iii) further education, and iv) final comments.

Results
Two-hundred and seventeen respondents were included in the analysis. Knowledge about DFV, having a client disclose DFV and confidence to manage a disclosure, were all significantly higher with massage therapists with a personal experience of DFV. The main qualitative theme was antithetical attitudes with two subthemes: a) not in my world: I’d be enormously surprised that a person in an abusive environment would come in for a massage, b) in my world: I want to be prepared.

Conclusion
Having personal experience of DFV significantly impacted the way that respondents felt about and managed DFV in their clinic. Several massage therapists’ who had no personal experience of DFV demonstrated a lack of knowledge about DFV and less confidence to respond to it in their clinic. It is important to upskill and educate massage therapists, particularly those with no personal experience, to improve their confidence to have discussions around DFV and to respond to DFV disclosures.
Perception of Health Risks of Electronic Cigarette Use Among College Students: Examining the Roles of Sex, Field of Study, Vaping Device Type, and Their Associations
Authors: Vilcassim M. J. Ruzmyn , Stowe Samuel , Zierold Kristina Marie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are marketed as a safer alternative to regular (combustible) cigarettes, based on the claim that there is no tobacco burning and fewer toxic chemicals in their vapor. However, recent evidence challenges the notion that e-cigarette aerosols are benign. Heating of compounds in e-liquids to high temperatures can lead to the release of toxic compounds in e-cigarette aerosols. However, users and the public may not be aware of these unique harms, impacting their perception of harm from using e-cigarettes. This research explored the perceptions of harm of e-cigarettes compared to regular cigarettes among 418 college students, aged 18–34, by employing a Qualtrics based smartphone survey. The findings revealed a vaping prevalence of 16.7% among our study population, indicating e-cigarette use among college aged young adults is at concerning levels. Perceptions of harm varied significantly by vaping status, sex, and field of study. Non-e-cigarette users and female students were less likely to perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful than regular cigarettes. Among e-cigarette users (vapers), male vapers and users of pod-type devices, such as JUUL and disposables, were more inclined to view e-cigarettes as less harmful. Among vapers, students in non-health-related fields were significantly more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful than regular cigarettes, underscoring the impact of educational background on health risk awareness. In conclusion, this study provides crucial insights into the varied perceptions of e-cigarettes among young adults. The results emphasize the need for targeted public health interventions and educational efforts to address this growing public health concern.
Regaining Mental Well-Being in the Aftermath of the Covid-19 Pandemic with a Digital Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tönis Kim J. M. , Kraiss Jannis T. , Drossaert Constance H. C. , Karreman Joyce , Oostinga Miriam S. D. , Kloos Noortje , Austin Judith , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a 3-week multicomponent positive psychology self-help application on ability to adapt and mental well-being in the following the Covid-19 pandemic in adults with mild to moderate anxiety and depression levels. Outcomes were assessed online at baseline, posttest (three weeks after baseline), and follow-up (12 weeks after baseline). The intervention group (n = 118) received the application after baseline, whereas the control group (n = 116) received the app after completing posttest. Linear mixed models showed significant effects on ability to adapt, mental well-being, anxiety, depression, spiritual well-being, and self-compassion at post-test compared to the control condition (d = 0.56–0.96). Effects in the intervention group were maintained at follow-up. Results suggest that a multicomponent positive psychology self-help application can support adults with distress to recover after a psychologically disruptive pandemic.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05292560).