bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating Perioperative Risk-stratification and Risk-based, Protocol-driven Management After Elective Major Cancer Surgery
Authors: Esnaola Nestor F. , Chelluri Raju , Castellanos Jason , Altman Ariella , Chen David Y.T. , Chu Christina , Farma Jeffrey M. , Haber Alan , Sheriff Fathima , Huang Christine , Kutikov Alexander , Patel Sameer , Patrick Kenneth , Reddy Sanjay , Rubin Stephen , Viterbo Rosalia , Ridge John A. , Edelman Martin , Ross Eric , Smaldone Marc , Uzzo Robert G. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of risk-based, protocol-driven management versus usual management after elective major cancer surgery to reduce 30-day rates of postoperative death or serious complications (DSCs).

Background:
Major cancer surgery is associated with significant perioperative risks, which result in worse long-term outcomes.

Methods:
Adults scheduled for elective major cancer surgery were stratified/randomized to risk-based escalating levels of care, monitoring, and comanagement versus usual management. The primary study outcome was a 30-day rate of DSC. Additional outcomes included complications, adverse events, health care utilization, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and disease-free survival and overall survival.

Results:
Between August 2014 and June 2020, 1529 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated to the study arms; 738 patients in the intervention arm and 732 patients in the control arm were eligible for analysis. Thirty-day rate of DSC with the intervention was 15.0% (95% CI: 12.5%–17.6%) versus 14.1%, (95% CI: 11.6%–16.6%) with usual management (P = 0.65). There were no differences in 30-day rates of complications or adverse events (including return to the operating room), postoperative length of stay, rate of discharge to home, or 30, 60, or 90-day HRQOL or rates of hospital readmission or receipt of antineoplastic therapy between the study arms. At a median follow-up of 48 months, overall survival (P = 0.57) and disease-free survival (P = 0.91) were similar.

Conclusions:
Risk-based, protocol-driven management did not reduce the 30-day rate of DSC after elective major cancer surgery compared with usual management, nor did it improve postoperative health care utilization, HRQOL, or cancer outcomes. Trials are needed to identify cost-effective, tailored perioperative strategies to optimize outcomes after major cancer surgery.
Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals GINIP-expressing neurons as the main targets of focused ultrasound
Authors: Brunet Elena , Parpaite Thibaud , Yoo Sungjae , Debieu Eric , Metwally Khaled , Mensah Serge , Malapert Pascale , Saurin Andrew , Macherey Olivier , Franceschini Emilie , Moqrich Aziz 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTDorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons have a wide range of functions, including touch, pain and itch. These neurons have emerged as promising targets for non-invasive focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation. However, our knowledge of the molecular and physical mechanisms underlying FUS-evoked responses in DRG neurons is limited. Here, we investigate the neuromodulatory capabilities of FUS in cultured DRG neurons in combination with calcium imaging. We find that a 20-MHz FUS burst of 1-ms duration at an acoustic pressure of 5 MPa elicited calcium responses in 52% of DRG neurons. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that the majority of FUS-sensitive neurons belong to three subsets of DRG neurons; C-LTMRs, the MRGPRD-expressing C-HTMRs and A6-LTMRs. FUS excites all these neuronal subtypes by membrane deformation, suggesting a mechanism mediated by mechanosensitive ion channels. Our results identify FUS parameters that activate distinct subsets of DRG neurons and open new avenues for using FUS stimulation to modulate DRG neuron function.
Characterization of LTBP2 mutation causing Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Shpitzen Shoshi , Rosen Haim , Ben-Zvi Ayal , Meir Karen , Levin Galina , Gudgold Amichay , Ben Dor Shifra , Haffner Rebecca , Zwas Donna R. , Leibowitz David , Slaugenhaupt Susan , Banin Eyal , Mizrachi Rotem , Obolensky Alexey , Levine Robert A , Gilon Dan , Leitersdorf Eran , Tessler Idit , Reshef Noga , Durst Ronen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a prevalent valvular disorder linked to considerable morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 2.4% of the general population. A prior genome association study linked LTBP2 to this trait. We report a knockout mouse with LTBP2 mutation demonstrating valve phenotype as well as a family with a novel mutation causing MVPMethodsExome sequencing and segregation analysis were conducted on a large pedigree to identify mutations associated with MVP. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, two strains of mice were generated: one with a complete knockout (KO) of the LTBP2 gene and another with a knock-in (KI) mutation corresponding to the putative causative mutation. Echocardiography and histological examinations of valves were performed in the KO and the KI at the age of 6 months. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological examination of the eyes was done at the same time. mRNA qPCR analysis for TGFβ signaling targets (periostin/POSTN, RUNX2, and CTGF) in valve tissues was analysed.ResultsThe LTBP2 rs117800773 V1506M mutation exhibited segregation with the MVP trait. LTBP2 KO mice had higher incidence of myxomatous changes by histology (7 of 9 of KO vs. 0 of 7 control animals, p=0.00186) and echocardiography (7 of 9 vs. 0 of 8, p=0.0011). LTBP2 Knock-in mice for the human mutation showed a significantly elevated myxomatous histological phenotype (8 of 8 vs. 0 of 9, p=0.00004) as well as by echocardiography (6 of 8 vs. 0 of 9, p=0.00123). KO mice demonstrated a significant increase in the depth of the anterior chamber as well as reduced visual acuity. LTBP2 KO mice demonstrated overexpression of both TGFβ signaling targets RUNX2 and periostin (P=0.0144 and P=0.001826, respectively).ConclusionAnimal models of LTBP2 KO and KI recapitulate MVP phenotype indicating that LTBP2 mutations are indeed causing myxomatous degeneration. Further, LTBP2 rs117800773 V1506M segregated with MVP in a large pedigree. Our data indicate the importance of LTBP2 in normal mitral valve function and that mutations in the gene care causing myxomatous valve.
Trees as a Reliable Carbon Capture in Urban Spaces: A Case Study in Kalaburagi
Authors: Shreyas S K , Dwarka DJ 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe urgency of climate action has never been more apparent, and this research seeks to align the vital task of carbon mitigation with pragmatic solutions grounded in urban forestry. The objectives of this study encompass the quantification of carbon and CO2stocks within the urban trees of Kalaburagi city, India, the analysis of the relative abundance of tree species, and the dissemination of findings aimed at raising awareness about the imperative of climate action. This study follows a systematic sampling approach to measure and collect data. Physical measurements were taken of each tree species spanning 20 hectares, and the readings were enumerated using allometric formulas to obtain the carbon and CO2stocks (in metric tons). A total of over 500 individual trees belonging to 20 families were recorded. The total Biomass stood at 188.286 t, Carbon stocks reached 89.436 t, and CO2stocks reached 327.871 t in the study area.Azadirachta indicahad the highest relative abundance and sequestration potential, followed by other members of the family Meliaceae and Fabaceae,Murraya koenigiihad the lowest carbon storage potential. The results satisfied the Shannon-Simpson indices. This research is not merely an academic endeavour; it is a call to arms, a clarion call for cities to recognize the invaluable contribution of their arboreal denizens in the struggle against climate change.
Expression of elongase- and desaturase-encoding genes shapes the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of honey bees
Authors: Rodríguez-León Daniel Sebastián , Schmitt Thomas , Pinto María Alice , Thamm Markus , Scheiner Ricarda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost terrestrial insects have a layer of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) protecting them from desiccation and mediating chemical communication. CHC composition is regulated by the expression of genes coding for enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of hydrocarbons. The diversity and expression of these enzymes determine the abundance and richness of compounds in the CHC profile of an insect. For example, elongases are enzymes that lengthen the hydrocarbon chain, while desaturases introduce double bonds in it. CHC profiles of honey bees (Apis mellifera) vary among castes, task groups, and subspecies. This makesA. melliferaan excellent model to study the molecular mechanism underlying CHC biosynthesis. Here, we examined the expression of specific elongase- and desaturase-encoding genes and correlated gene expression with CHC composition in bees from two different task groups of two highly divergentA. melliferasubspecies:A. m. carnicaandA. m. iberiensis. We show that inA. mellifera, the specificity of desaturases and elongases shapes the CHC profiles of different task groups. Our results shed light on the genetic basis for the task-specific CHC composition differences in social hymenopterans and lay the ground for further studies aiming to unravel the genetic underpinning of CHC biosynthesis. Moreover, these results underline the importance of investigating different subspecies ofA. melliferato better understand the mechanisms driving CHC composition.
Glycaemia and albumin glycation rates as fitness mediators in the wild: the case of a long-lived bird
Authors: Moreno-Borrallo Adrián , Bize Pierre , Jaramillo-Ortiz Sarahi , Schaeffer Christine , Bertile Fabrice , Criscuolo François 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlucose is a vital metabolic component in the functioning of organisms, but it can also bind to biomolecules through non-enzymatic glycation reactions that result in loss of functions. While the effects of glycation on health have been well demonstrated in biomedical research, little is known about the effects of glycation in wild animals. Here, we studied how plasma glucose levels and albumin glycation rates vary with age and are related to fitness in a relatively hyperglycaemic long-lived bird, the Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba). We measured plasma glucose and albumin glycation levels before and after reproduction in adult females of known age (2-14 years), showing that, while glucose levels increased in parallel with body mass, albumin glycation rates decreased within this period. Albumin glycation, but not glucose, varies with age, peaking at 5 years, consistently with other age-related parameters previously reported in this species. Interestingly, higher plasma glucose levels before reproduction were related to increased fledging success up to a certain threshold. In addition, in terms of dynamics, females gaining more mass lowered more their glycation levels, while those gaining less mass and lowering the more their glycation levels laid more eggs. Finally, higher body mass and plasma glucose levels after reproduction predicted a higher survival probability to the next season, whereas higher albumin glycation predicted lower survival, although in an age-dependent manner. Our study highlights adult plasma glucose and glycated albumin levels as new potential markers of ageing and fitness that should be further explored in this species.
Some statistical theory for interpreting reference distributions
Authors: Alpay Berk A. , Higgins John M. , Desai Michael M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReference distributions quantify the extremeness of clinical test results, typically relative to those of a healthy population. Intervals of these distributions are used in medical decision-making, but while there is much guidance for constructing them, the statistics of interpreting them for diagnosis have been less explored. Here we work directly in terms of the reference distribution, defining it as the likelihood in a posterior calculation of the probability of disease. We thereby identify assumptions of the conventional interpretation of reference distributions, criteria for combining tests, and considerations for personalizing interpretation of results from reference data. Theoretical reasoning supports that non-healthy variation be taken into account when possible, and that combining and personalizing tests call for careful statistical modeling.
Accuracy of ICD-10 codes for suicidal ideation and action in pediatric emergency department encounters
Authors: Xu Rena , Bode Louisa , Geva Alon , Mandl Kenneth D. , McMurry Andrew J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAccording to the ideation-to-action framework of suicidality, suicidal ideation and suicidal action arise via distinct trajectories. Studying suicidality under this framework requires accurate identification of both ideation and action. We sought to assess the accuracy of ICD-10 codes for suicidal ideation and action in emergency department (ED) encounters.MethodsAccuracy of ICD-10 coding for suicidality was assessed through chart review of clinical notes for 205 ED encounters among patients 6-18 years old at a large academic pediatric hospital between June 1, 2016, and June 1, 2022. Physician notes were reviewed for documentation of past or present suicidal ideation, suicidal action, or both. The study cohort consisted of 103 randomly selected “cases,” or encounters assigned at least one ICD-10 code for suicidality, and 102 propensity-matched “non-cases” lacking ICD-10 codes. Accuracy of ICD-10 codes was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsAgainst a gold standard chart review, the PPV for ICD-10 suicidality codes was 86.9%, and the NPV was 76.2%. Nearly half of encounters involving suicidality were not captured by ICD-10 coding (sensitivity=53.4%). Sensitivity was higher for ideation-present (82.4%) than for action-present (33.7%) or action-past (20.4%).ConclusionsMany cases of suicidality may be missed by relying on only ICD-10 codes. Accuracy of ICD-10 codes is high for suicidal ideation but low for action. To scale the ideation-to-action model for use in large populations, better data sources are needed to identify cases of suicidal action.
Myonuclear apoptosis underlies diaphragm atrophy in mechanically ventilated ICU patients
Authors: Claassen Wout J. , van den Berg Marloes , Shi Zhong-Hua , Baelde Rianne J. , Bogaards Sylvia , Bonis Luuk , Hakkeling Heleen , Bamyani Arezou , Schaaf Gerben J. , Beishuizen Albertus , Dickhoff Chris , Boon Reinier A. , Heunks Leo , Kirby Tyler J. , Ottenheijm Coen A.C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRationaleMechanical ventilation plays an important role in critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness. Weakness contributes to difficult weaning and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Diaphragm weakness is caused by a combination of atrophy and dysfunction of myofibers, which are large syncytial cells maintained by a population of myonuclei. Each myonucleus provides gene transcripts to a finite fiber volume, termed the myonuclear domain. Changes in myonuclear number in myofibers undergoing atrophy has not been investigated in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Myonuclear number is a determinant of transcriptional capacity, and therefore critical for muscle regeneration after atrophy.ObjectivesOur objective was to investigate if and how myonuclear number changes in the diaphragm of mechanically ventilated ICU patients and whether changes are associated with myofiber atrophy.MethodsWe used a combination of transcriptomics, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy to study myonuclear alterations in diaphragm and quadriceps biopsies from mechanically ventilated ICU patients.ResultsMyonuclear number and myonuclear domain were reduced in patients with diaphragm myofiber atrophy. Intrinsic apoptotic pathway activation was identified as a mechanism underlying myonuclear removal in the diaphragm of mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Total transcriptional activity in myofibers decreased with myonuclear loss.Furthermore, muscle stem cell number was reduced in the patients with diaphragm atrophy.ConclusionWe identified myonuclear loss due to intrinsic apoptotic pathway activation as a potential mechanism underlying diaphragm atrophy in mechanically ventilated patients. This provides novel insights in diaphragm weakness of ICU patients. Targeted therapies may limit development of diaphragm weakness and improve weaning outcome.
Brain-first forms of Parkinson’s Disease are over-represented in patients with non-responsive resting tremor
Authors: Mendonça Marcelo D. , Ferreira Pedro , Barbosa Raquel , da Silva Joaquim Alves 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMotor subtypes in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are unstable over time, limiting mechanistic insights and biomarker discovery. We focused on Rest Tremor (RT) as a symptom to test for phenotype stability and link them to specific circuits and disease mechanisms. Using the PPMI cohort data over 5 years we found that RT we found that RT is more stable than common Tremor-Dominant definitions, a stability also seen for therapy response. At time of diagnosis, the population of therapy-resistant RT patients was enriched with a brain-first PD profile as predicted by a-Synuclein origin site and connectome (SOC) model. Resistant-RT patients have lower gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms, lower prevalence of probable REM-Sleep behavior disorder, and higher dopaminergic asymmetry compared to therapy-responsive or no tremor patients. Treating RT as a distinct phenomenon revealed a relative phenotypic stability with treatment response being linked to different patterns of disease progression.
Causal Relationship between Mental Disorders and Cancers: a Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Du Bowen , Hong Han , Tang Chaopeng , Fan Li , Dong Jie , Ge Jingping , Shang Xuejun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from observational studies suggests an association between mental disorders and cancers. However, the causality of this association remains unclear.MethodsWe collected genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of five mental disorders from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC, 72,517 to 500,199 participants), paired with GWAS summary statistics of the risks of 18 cancer types from the UK Biobank (167,020 to 361,194 participants) and FinnGen database (110,521 to 264,701 participants). We conducted univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal relationships.ResultsWe identified ten causal associations between mental disorders and cancer risks. Notably, anorexia nervosa (AN) exhibits a causal association with a decreased risk of prostate cancer (β = -0.30, p = 1.61 × 10-6) and an elevated risk for stomach cancer (β = 0.47, p = 5.3 × 10-3). Bipolar disorder (BD) is causally linked to a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (β = -5.13 × 10-4, p = 3.2 × 10-3). Major depression disorder (MDD) is causally associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer (β = 1.84 × 10-3, p = 5.0 × 10-4) and kidney cancer (β = 1.40 × 10-3, p = 4.9 × 10-3). Additionally, we found the causal effect of skin melanoma on BD (β = -10.39, p = 2.1×10-4) and Schizophrenia (SCZ, β = -7.42, p = 3.3 × 10-4) with a bi-directional MR analysis. Moreover, we identified leukocyte count as a causal mediator of a causal association between AN and stomach cancer with a two-step MR analysis.ConclusionsIn summary, our MR analysis reveals that mental disorders were causally associated with cancer risks.
Vision Loss in Neurocysticercosis: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Outcomes: a systematic review of case report and case series
Authors: Garg Ravindra Kumar , Garg Pragati , Paliwal Vimal Kumar , Pandey Shweta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused byTaenia soliumlarvae, leading to various neurological symptoms, including vision loss. This systematic review critically analyzes cases of vision loss associated with neurocysticercosis to evaluate diverse etiologies and assess the visual prognosis.MethodsThis review follows the PRISMA guidelines and is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42024556278). Reports involving human subjects with vision loss due to neurocysticercosis were included. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar.ResultsA total of 148 records, encompassing 168 patients, were included. The mean age was 27.3 years, with 41 percent females and 58.3 percent males. The majority of cases were from Asia. The duration of illness varied, with most cases spanning one month to six months. Common symptoms included headache or orbital pain. Vision loss was predominantly unilateral. Imaging abnormalities included multiple cystic brain lesions, enhancing brain lesions, and calcified lesions. The most affected structures were the intravitreal and retinal regions, followed by the anterior chamber, orbital apex, and optic nerve. Anticysticercal drugs were the main treatment, with 60.12 percent showing improvement.ConclusionsVision loss in neurocysticercosis is primarily due to the involvement of the intravitreal and retinal regions, with frequent occurrence of multiple cystic brain lesions.Anticysticercal treatment leads to significant improvement in many cases, although surgical intervention is often required for intravitreal or retinal cysts. The prognosis varies, with the majority of patients had improved vision, though some experience severe outcomes such as eye enucleation.
Intraluminal pressure in central venous hemodialysis catheters during power injection of contrast media
Authors: White Nicholas A , van der Molen Aart J , Limpens Ronald W A L , Maas Jacinta J , van der Bogt Koen E A , Horeman Tim , Rotmans Joris I 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCentral venous catheters (CVCs) provide direct access to the central circulatory system, commonly used in hemodialysis and intensive care units for drug administration. Although uncertified for the procedure, CVCs are sometimes used for power injection of contrast medium (CM) during CT scans to avoid peripheral intravenous catheter placement. Previous studies suggest this practice is safe, but incidents have been reported. This study aims to measure intraluminal pressure during CM injection through CVCs and assess its impact on the luminal surface to guide responsible clinical use.MethodsStrain gauges were applied to the exterior walls of four samples from three different types of unused CVCs. These gauges measured material deformation due to intraluminal pressure during CM injections at rates of 4.5 mL/s and 8 mL/s, each performed five times. Strain data were calibrated against known pressures in a static system. The CVCs were then either pressurized until bursting or subjected to microscopic analysis of their luminal surfaces.ResultsIntraluminal pressures measured (97-545 kPa or 14-79 PSI) were below the burst pressure (779-1248 Kpa or 113-181 PSI) in all instances. Strain regression analysis shows a statistically significant (p<0.05) trend over 10 injections in almost all CVCs tested, indicating material fatigue. Surface microscopy revealed surface micro-cracks from repeated injections, suggesting material damage.ConclusionsThe intraluminal pressures from power injections of CM are sufficiently low to prevent CVC bursting. While incidental use for CM injection appears safe, repeated use may cause material damage