bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Well Logs With Mini-Frac Data for Estimating the Minimum Horizontal Stress in the Tight-Gas Monteith Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: A Case Study
Authors: Jimenez Bruno Lopez , Yu Guang , Aguilera Roberto , Settari Antonin (Tony) 
Published: April 2015

Summary
The determination of the minimum horizontal (in-situ) stress (MHS) is one of the most-important aspects in the characterization of geomechanical behavior of petroleum reservoirs because a good knowledge of such stress is critical in many activities of practical importance, including design of hydraulic-fracturing treatments and estimation of the distribution of MHS for reservoir-simulation purposes.
The main objective of the study is to calibrate well logs with available mini-frac data for estimating the MHS in the tight-gas Monteith formation, Nikanassin Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. For deep formations such as Monteith, the minimum stress is generally horizontal. Thus, the focus of this research is the MHS of the Monteith formation.
First, actual values of the MHS at different well locations are acquired from the analysis of surface-pressure data during mini-frac treatments. Next, the estimates calculated from an existing correlation and from actual mini-frac data are matched for calibration purposes. Finally, vertical and horizontal Biot's constant values are determined to generate a correlation applicable to the Monteith formation. Vertical Biot's constant ranging between 0.1 and 0.45 is obtained in this study, whereas horizontal Biot's constant is found to vary from 0.94 to 1.0.
Three vertical wells located in the same township with available compressional and shear sonic logs and mini-frac data are selected for this work. The Monteith was hydraulically fractured in these wells in isolation. This aspect is important because there are many commingled completions in the area from which selective Monteith data are not available. Five additional wells in the same general area are selected to assist in the analysis.
It is concluded that assuming vertical and horizontal Biot's constants equal to 1.0 is not appropriate for the Monteith formation in the study area. The procedure presented in this paper, which uses real data, is robust and has the potential to help in obtaining more-reliable geomechanical values in other tight formations around the world.
Characterization of Depression Among Patients At Urban Primary Healthcare Centers in Oman
Authors: Al-Salmani Asthma , Juma Tahara , Al-Noobi Arwa , Al-Farsi Yahya , Jaafar Najlaa , Al-Mamari Khalsa , Anwar Huda , Al-Lawati Ghada , Klein Thomas J. , Al-Adawi Samir 
Published: April 2015

Aim The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and predictors of depression among Oman adult population attending primary healthcare clinics (PHCs) in Muscat Governorate in 2011. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2005 participants attending 27 different PHCs in Muscat Governorate during 2011. A Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), together with a socio-demographic and relevant clinical data questionnaire was administered. Results Of the 2005 participants, 61.8% were women and 42.1% were of 25-50 age group. Of the total, 44.4% were employed, of whom 51% were government employees. The prevalence of depression among them was 8.1%. The adjusted odds ratios generated by logistic regression models indicated that depression was significantly associated with age greater than 50 years old (OR = 2.23; 95% CI 1.07, 4.22; P = 0.04), female (OR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.12, 3.82; P = 0.03), married (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.11, 3.30; P = 0.02), graduated or attended higher education (OR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.03, 2.66; P = 0.04), working in the private sector if employed (OR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.08, 2.75; P = 0.02), and having chronic illness such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma, heart, thyroid, and renal diseases (OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.03, 3.51; P = 0.01). Conclusion The rate of depression appears to be in the lower range compared to rate reported from elsewhere. Some socio-cultural factors that may contribute to the present findings are discussed.
Atypical Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Patients Treated with Aripiprazole and Clozapine: A Case-Series Study and Short Review
Authors: Tseng Ping-Tao , Chang Yi-Chung , Chang Chih-Hua , Wang Hung-Yu , Cheng Yu-Shian , Wu Ching-Kuan , Chen Yen-Wen , Chung Weilun 
Published: April 2015

Objectives Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) requires emergency treatment and can be fatal. Combined aripiprazole and clozapine therapy is rarely used in clinical settings, and NMS related this combination still lacks evaluation. Herein, we present two cases of atypical NMS treated with aripiprazole and clozapine. Methods Case 1 was a schizophrenic male with a history of NMS under treatment with aripiprazole 20 mg. He was hospitalized and maintained with aripiprazole 5 mg and clozapine 225 mg. On the 25th day, atypical NMS occurred with rigidity, elevated creatine kinase, and stupor, which subsided with supportive therapy. He was discharged under treatment with aripiprazole 15 mg and fluoxetine 60 mg. Case 2 was a female with schizoaffective disorder without a history of NMS. She was hospitalized and maintained with clozapine 50 mg and aripirazole 30 mg. On the 11th day, atypical NMS occurred with mild fever, delirium, and rigidity, which subsided under supportive therapy. Results and Conclusions Our cases highlight the atypical features of NMS in patients being treated with combined ari-piprazole and clozapine. Consciousness change, modest elevation of creatine kinase, and leukocytosis were the most consistent findings; hyperthermia accounts for only some of the cases. This is a reminder of the importance of earlier detection of the soft signs and atypical features of NMS under this combined treatment.
Differences Between Patients that Made an Impulsive or Premeditated Suicide Attempt in a Mexican Population
Authors: Reyes-Tovilla Jorge E. , Hernández Yánez Homero Daniel , Peralta-Jiménez Yesenia , Ramón-Frías Teresa , Juárez-Rojop Isela , Pool-García Sherezada , Velázquez-Sánchez Martha Patricia , López-Narvóez Lilia , Fresán Ana , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos Alfonso 
Published: April 2015

Objective We performed a study to identify differences between patients with impulsive suicide attempt and those with premeditated suicide attempt in a Mexican population. Method We studied 144 patients who recently attempted suicide. Impulsive and premeditated suicide attempts were evaluated with the Suicide Intent Scale. These data were divided according to the type of attempt. Subsequently, the characteristics between the two groups were compared. Results The rate of patients that made an impulsive attempt was 61.8% and only 9.7% of the patients carried out a premeditated suicide attempt. More years of schooling/education and less severity of the attempt were observed in patients that carried out an impulsive suicide attempt ( p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption (0.003) and use of cannabis (0.002) were present in patients who premeditated a suicide attempt. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that there are clinical differences among the individuals who carried out an impulsive suicide attempt from those who premeditated an attempt in a Mexican population. As a result, when planning interventions and prevention efforts it may be helpful to consider these clinical differences and demographic characteristics.
Anesthetic Efficacy of Meperidine in Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Mohajeri Ladan , Salehi Farnaz , Mehrvarzfar Payman , Arfaee Hamide , Bohluli Behnam , Hamedy Reza 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Achieving adequate pulpal anesthesia in mandibular teeth is always a challenge. Supplementary injections and using drugs in combination are some methods implemented to overcome this hurdle. In this randomized clinical trial, use of meperidine in conjunction with lidocaine in intraligamentary injection did not exhibit significant improvement in anesthesia.
Effect of Needle Design on Pain From Dental Local Anesthetic Injections
Authors: McPherson Joanna Saenz , Dixon Sara A. , Townsend Richard , Vandewalle Kraig S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this randomized, double-blind clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a larger-bore compared with a standard-bore dental local anesthetic needle of the same gauge in reducing pain during inferior alveolar (IA) and long buccal (LB) nerve block injections. Twenty active duty military or Department of Defense beneficiaries undergoing dental treatment were anesthetized using a split-mouth design with 4 anesthetic dental injections. Both sides of the mouth received IA nerve block and LB nerve injections, one using the 27-gauge large-bore Septoject XL needle and other using a 27-gauge standard-bore Septoject needle. Patients rated the pain experienced with each method using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The IA injection mean VAS score and standard deviation were 38.9 ± 22.7 mm and 37.1 ± 22.4 mm, respectively, for the larger and standard-bore needles. The LB injection mean VAS score and standard deviation were 33.5 ± 22.8 mm and 35.1 ± 19.6 mm, respectively, for the larger and standard-bore needles. The data were analyzed with a paired t test (α = .05). No significant difference was found between the IA (P = .70) or LB injections (P = .73). The use of a larger-bore 27-gauge needle did not reduce pain on injection compared with the standard-bore 27-gauge needle.
Independent Predictors of Delay in Emergence From General Anesthesia
Authors: Maeda Shigeru , Tomoyasu Yumiko , Higuchi Hitoshi , Ishii-Maruhama Minako , Egusa Masahiko , Miyawaki Takuya 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Some patients with intellectual disabilities spend longer than others in emergence from ambulatory general anesthesia for dental treatment. Although antiepileptic drugs and anesthetics might be involved, an independent predictor for delay of the emergence remains unclear. Thus, a purpose of this study is to identify independent factors affecting the delay of emergence from general anesthesia. This was a retrospective cohort study in dental patients with intellectual disabilities. Patients in need of sedative premedication were removed from participants. The outcome was time until emergence from general anesthesia. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was used to extract independent factors affecting the outcome. Antiepileptic drugs and anesthetic parameters were included as predictor variables. The study included 102 cases. Clobazam, clonazepam, and phenobarbital were shown to be independent determinants of emergence time. Parameters relating to anesthetics, patients' backgrounds, and dental treatment were not independent factors. Delay in emergence time in ambulatory general anesthesia is likely to be related to the antiepileptic drugs of benzodiazepine or barbiturates in patients with intellectual disability.
Les statistiques financières en France : évolutions et perspectives
Authors: Pauly Élisabeth 
Published: April 2015

Financial Statistics in France : Recent Changes and Future Prospects.
Financial statistics which are a main instrument for the conduct of monetary policy have registered big changes in the last decades. Due to financial innovations and capital market expansion, new players (investment funds, securitization firms) and new financial instruments (namely derivatives) have taken a growing importance, becoming essential elements to be taken into account in the analysis of financing and investment flows. The creation of the euro has also represented a key factor of change in the statistical framework, triggering a progressive extension in the coverage of financial statistics together with a high degree of harmonization in the euro zone countries, to fulfill the needs of the euro zone monetary policy. In spite of the significant progress registered in the coverage of financial statistics, their explanatory power tends to be limited by the financial globalization and the increasing sophistication of the operations. This situation calls for a strengthening of international cooperation, with the aim of further harmonizing financial statistics and improving the analysis of the relationship between finance and the real economy.
Classification JEL : C82, E58, G15.
Promouvoir l’éducation financière du public
Authors: Marx Bernard , Micoleau-Marcel Pascale , Sarlat Guillaume 
Published: April 2015

Promoting Financial Education for the General Public.
The few surveys conducted to measure financial literacy of the French show that their knowledge is generally poor. It is no surprise. These subjects are still hardly taught at school, even if some progress could be made in the near future. Media mainly address people who are already informed and contents are quite technical. In relation to other countries, France is neither ahead nor behind. But little progress is being made. There is neither a national strategy nor the political will to deal with the issue yet. But the good news is the creation of the Institute for Public Financial Education (IEFP) with its initiatives and programs.
Classification JEL : A10, A20.
L’information boursière comme bien public. Enjeux et perspectives de la révision de la directive européenne « Marchés d’instruments financiers »
Authors: Hautcœur Pierre-Cyrille , Lagneau-Ymonet Pascal , Riva Angelo 
Published: April 2015

Stock Market Information as a Public Good. Stakes and Outlooks of the Review of the European Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID).
The organization of securities markets has not benefited from the feigned attempts of reform presented by the governments since the outbreak of the current crisis. However, both speculative opportunities and the resulting risks depend on the markets on which one operates. The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive of the European Union, effective since 2007, reflects an excessive faith in the self-organizing virtues of the market. It unleashed a noxious competition on the market for financial markets that led to liquidity fragmentation and the privatization of market information. Drawing from financial history, we argue that regulated markets should be entrusted, at the European level, with a general interest mission, similar to the one they have long observed on a national level with no harm on economic development : they should centralize, consolidate and publicize post-as well as pre-trade information that are public goods.
Classification JEL : E44, F36, G18, G28, H41, K23, L33, N23, N24, N43, N44.
Les mesures d’adaptation des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles et les difficultés liées aux stratégies de sortie
Authors: Gruson Pierre 
Published: April 2015

Non Standard Monetary Policy Measures and Crisis Exit Strategies.
Main developed countries Central Banks have committed to non standard monetary policy measures in order to avoid bank defaults and to find a solution to the international financial crisis. This paper studies the implementation of such measures in each currency zone according to specific environments (refinancing vehicles or collaterals, more flexible conditions) and assesses the direct and secondary outcomes of these monetary policies (impact on Central Bank balance sheet). It also highlights all the difficulties to enter in exit strategies so as to put an end to the transitory policies measures and to stop the zero interest rate policy ; namely, expectations of inflation, return of financial markets to a spontaneous equilibrium, conflicts with the fiscal policy.
Classification JEL : E43, E51, E52, E58.
De la crise des collatéraux à la remise des dettes publiques
Authors: Thoris Gérard 
Published: April 2015

La crise économique a été globalement perçue comme une crise de compte de résultat et non comme une crise de bilan. Dans la première, les ventes s’affaissent et il convient d’agir d’une part sur la trésorerie et d’autre part sur l’attractivité de la demande. Dans la seconde, il faut assumer la perte de richesse nette que constitue la destruction économique d’une partie de l’actif. Dans ce cas, la solution consiste normalement à reconstituer les fonds propres à hauteur des pertes d’actifs. Cette augmentation peut être utilisée pour diminuer l’endettement de sorte que les grands ratios de gestion soient respectés. Si cela a été effectué au niveau des entreprises, voire des ménages, c’est la politique contraire qui a été menée au niveau des États. Les déficits et l’endettement public se sont accrus considérablement. La reconstitution des ratios de bonne gestion publique est désormais un objectif majeur. Or les chiffres montrent que la réussite d’une telle politique est impossible. D’où l’idée qu’il serait préférable d’envisager une remise des dettes publiques. Celle-ci serait organisée par les banques centrales sous réserve que les gouvernements acceptent désormais le principe de l’équilibre budgétaire. En restaurant les finances publiques, c’est l’horizon de tous les agents économiques qui s’éclaircit et ce sont les conditions de la croissance qui sont reconstituées.
Classification JEL : E42, E51, E52, E58, F34, F50.
Re-réglementation financière internationale : un défi transatlantique
Authors: Mistral Jacques 
Published: April 2015

Il est désormais largement admis que la crise a montré l’échec des marchés. Lors de sa première réunion, à Washington en novembre 2008, le G20 a entrepris une campagne de re-réglementation. Des mois de négociation plus tard, ses membres semblent manifestement moins enclins à se mettre d’accord sur des principes et de grands objectifs, et à définir et faire appliquer des règles et des engagements. Toronto, le quatrième sommet du G20, n’a apporté que peu de progrès tangibles. L’article examine d’abord les raisons fondamentales pour lesquelles une convergence internationale des régulations financières est difficile dans un monde multipolaire et hétérogène. Néanmoins, la prévention des risques systémiques et le renforcement de la réglementation et de la supervision bancaire ont significativement progressé et témoigneront à Séoul d’actions réussies dans la ligne des décisions du G20. Ceci met en évidence ce que nous appelons «une convergence viable » . Dans l’avenir, l’ordre du jour atteindra des questions plus périlleuses comme le traitement des SIFI et des dérivés. Les opinions pourraient être encore plus opposées sur la convergence en matière de normes comptables et de banques d’investissement. La conclusion porte sur les chances de rendre le système financier plus sûr et invite le sommet de Séoul à ne pas s’appuyer seulement sur les résultats actuels mais à donner une nouvelle impulsion afin d’améliorer la convergence des normes financières internationales.
Classification JEL : F50, F55, G28, M48.
Too big to fail : gouvernance et régulation des banques
Authors: Lobez Frédéric 
Published: April 2015

Cet article tente de répondre aux questions suivantes : Quels ont été le rôle et les effets de la gouvernance des banques dans le développement de la crise ? Quelles leçons tirer de la crise systémique pour situer les objectifs d’une régulation, et comment articuler gouvernance et régulation ? La thèse soutenue est double. Le sentier d’expansion d’une banque résulte usuellement d’un équilibre entre les effets antagonistes de la gouvernance des actionnaires et de celle des déposants ; dans la crise récente, l’émergence du too big to fail effect a annihilé l’effet disciplinant des «ruées bancaires » . Logiquement, il en est résulté un accroissement du risque porté par les banques. La régulation bancaire doit avoir pour principaux objectifs d’inciter les banques à revenir à leurs fondamentaux, de restaurer les vertus de la faillite et de limiter un risque systémique qui est nouveau et déstabilisant. Dans cette perspective, plusieurs pistes sont discutées : la limitation de la taille des banques, la création d’un régime spécial de faillite pour les banques, la limitation de la titrisation et le principe d’une régulation contingente à la gouvernance de la banque.
Classification JEL : G01, G21, G28.
La normalisation comptable internationale après David Tweedie
Authors: Véron Nicolas 
Published: April 2015

Depuis sa création en 2001 et la nomination à sa tête de David Tweedie, l’International Accounting Standards Boards (IASB) a connu un succès spectaculaire, marqué par l’adoption de ses normes, sous des formes variées, dans la plupart des économies développées et émergentes. Toutefois, ce succès crée pour l’IASB une responsabilité de type politique vis-à-vis de l’ensemble des acteurs affectés par ses normes, que l’organisme de normalisation internationale a eu des difficultés à endosser et à laquelle il ne s’est pas à ce jour entièrement adapté. Depuis 2007, la crise financière a accentué les défis qui se posent à l’IASB concernant son mandat, ses structures, et son rôle en aval de la normalisation proprement dite. L’analyse de ces défis permet d’identifier trois scénarios concernant l’évolution de l’IASB après le départ de David Tweedie programmé en 2011.
Classification JEL : M41, M48.
Rethinking refugia: Tree topology, divergence dates, and demographic history trace the distribution of the endangered Plymouth gentian (Sabatia kennedyana) from the Pleistocene glaciation to present day
Authors: Suarez‐Gonzalez Adriana , Sutton Jolene T. , Trant Andrew J. , Zamlynny Elena , Good Sara V. 
Published: April 2015

• Premise of study: Molecular population genetics is a powerful tool to infer how species responded to past environmental change. In the northern hemisphere, interest is increasing in how species responded to changes in ice coverage and temperature during the last glaciation maximum (LGM, between 18000–21000 yr ago) with a common assumption that glacial refugia were located at the southern edge of a species range.• Methods: We reconstructed the glacial and postglacial phylogeography of Sabatia kennedyana, a member of the Atlantic Coastal Plains Flora with a current distribution from Nova Scotia (NS) to South Carolina, using both cpDNA and nuclear markers. We also examined clinal variation in morphological traits, in particular relative investment in asexual vs sexual growth.• Key results: We find strong evidence that the species did not reside in southern glacial refugia, but rather in primary glacial refugia off the exposed continental shelf extending from Cape Cod and that this area was responsible for the founding of modern populations across the range from Nova Scotia (NS) to the United States. Additionally, based on the finding of higher cpDNA diversity and older cpDNA lineages in NS, we propose that multiple founder events occurred in NS, while only a single lineage gave rise to current populations in the United States.• Conclusions: By understanding how S. kennedyana responded to past shifts in climate and by identifying areas of high genetic diversity in the northern range edge, we discuss the potential response of the species to future climate change scenarios.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for the endangered scrub lupine, Lupinus aridorum (Fabaceae)
Authors: Ricono Angela , Bupp Glen , Peterson Cheryl , Nunziata Schyler O. , Lance Stacey L. , Pruett Christin L. 
Published: April 2015

Premise of the study:Microsatellite primers were developed in scrub lupine (Lupinus aridorum, Fabaceae), an endemic species to Florida that is listed as endangered in the United States, to assess connectivity among populations, identify hybrids, and examine genetic diversity.Methods and Results:We isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite loci polymorphic in scrub lupine or in closely related species (i.e., sky‐blue lupine [L. diffusus] and Gulf Coast lupine [L. westianus]). Loci showed low to moderate polymorphism, ranging from two to 14 alleles per locus and 0.01 to 0.86 observed heterozygosity.Conclusions:These loci are the first developed for Florida species of lupine and will be used to determine differentiation among species and to aid in conservation of the endangered scrub lupine.