bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global net climate effects of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen
Authors: Gong Cheng , Tian Hanqin , Liao Hong , Pan Naiqing , Pan Shufen , Ito Akihiko , Jain Atul K. , Kou-Giesbrecht Sian , Joos Fortunat , Sun Qing , Shi Hao , Vuichard Nicolas , Zhu Qing , Peng Changhui , Maggi Federico , Tang Fiona H. M. , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have substantially enhanced the loadings of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the Earth system since pre-industrial times1,2, contributing to widespread eutrophication and air pollution3–6. Increased Nr can also influence global climate through a variety of effects on atmospheric and land processes but the cumulative net climate effect is yet to be unravelled. Here we show that anthropogenic Nr causes a net negative direct radiative forcing of −0.34 [−0.20, −0.50] W m−2 in the year 2019 relative to the year 1850. This net cooling effect is the result of increased aerosol loading, reduced methane lifetime and increased terrestrial carbon sequestration associated with increases in anthropogenic Nr, which are not offset by the warming effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrous oxide and ozone. Future predictions using three representative scenarios show that this cooling effect may be weakened primarily as a result of reduced aerosol loading and increased lifetime of methane, whereas in particular N2O-induced warming will probably continue to increase under all scenarios. Our results indicate that future reductions in anthropogenic Nr to achieve environmental protection goals need to be accompanied by enhanced efforts to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to achieve climate change mitigation in line with the Paris Agreement.
In vivo interaction screening reveals liver-derived constraints to metastasis
Authors: Borrelli Costanza , Roberts Morgan , Eletto Davide , Hussherr Marie-Didiée , Fazilaty Hassan , Valenta Tomas , Lafzi Atefeh , Kretz Jonas A. , Guido Vinzoni Elena , Karakatsani Andromachi , Adivarahan Srivathsan , Mannhart Ardian , Kimura Shoichiro , Meijs Ab , Baccouche Mhamedi Farah , Acar Ilhan E. , Handler Kristina , Ficht Xenia , Platt Randall J. , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Moor Andreas E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is estimated that only 0.02% of disseminated tumour cells are able to seed overt metastases1. While this suggests the presence of environmental constraints to metastatic seeding, the landscape of host factors controlling this process remains largely unclear. Here, combining transposon technology2 and fluorescence niche labelling3, we developed an in vivo CRISPR activation screen to systematically investigate the interactions between hepatocytes and metastatic cells. We identify plexin B2 as a critical host-derived regulator of liver colonization in colorectal and pancreatic cancer and melanoma syngeneic mouse models. We dissect a mechanism through which plexin B2 interacts with class IV semaphorins on tumour cells, leading to KLF4 upregulation and thereby promoting the acquisition of epithelial traits. Our results highlight the essential role of signals from the liver parenchyma for the seeding of disseminated tumour cells before the establishment of a growth-promoting niche. Our findings further suggest that epithelialization is required for the adaptation of CRC metastases to their new tissue environment. Blocking the plexin-B2–semaphorin axis abolishes metastatic colonization of the liver and therefore represents a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of hepatic metastases. Finally, our screening approach, which evaluates host-derived extrinsic signals rather than tumour-intrinsic factors for their ability to promote metastatic seeding, is broadly applicable and lays a framework for the screening of environmental constraints to metastasis in other organs and cancer types.
Neoantigen-specific cytotoxic Tr1 CD4 T cells suppress cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sultan Hussein , Takeuchi Yoshiko , Ward Jeffrey P. , Sharma Naveen , Liu Tian-Tian , Sukhov Vladimir , Firulyova Maria , Song Yuang , Ameh Samuel , Brioschi Simone , Khantakova Darya , Arthur Cora D. , White J. Michael , Kohlmiller Heather , Salazar Andres M. , Burns Robert , Costa Helio A. , Moynihan Kelly D. , Yeung Yik Andy , Djuretic Ivana , Schumacher Ton N. , Sheehan Kathleen C. F. , Colonna Marco , Allison James P. , Murphy Kenneth M. , Artyomov Maxim N. , Schreiber Robert D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCD4+ T cells can either enhance or inhibit tumour immunity. Although regulatory T cells have long been known to impede antitumour responses1–5, other CD4+ T cells have recently been implicated in inhibiting this response6,7. Yet, the nature and function of the latter remain unclear. Here, using vaccines containing MHC class I (MHC-I) neoantigens (neoAgs) and different doses of tumour-derived MHC-II neoAgs, we discovered that whereas the inclusion of vaccines with low doses of MHC-II-restricted peptides (LDVax) promoted tumour rejection, vaccines containing high doses of the same MHC-II neoAgs (HDVax) inhibited rejection. Characterization of the inhibitory cells induced by HDVax identified them as type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells expressing IL-10, granzyme B, perforin, CCL5 and LILRB4. Tumour-specific Tr1 cells suppressed tumour rejection induced by anti-PD1, LDVax or adoptively transferred tumour-specific effector T cells. Mechanistically, HDVax-induced Tr1 cells selectively killed MHC-II tumour antigen-presenting type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s), leading to low numbers of cDC1s in tumours. We then documented modalities to overcome this inhibition, specifically via anti-LILRB4 blockade, using a CD8-directed IL-2 mutein, or targeted loss of cDC2/monocytes. Collectively, these data show that cytotoxic Tr1 cells, which maintain peripheral tolerance, also inhibit antitumour responses and thereby function to impede immune control of cancer.
Synthesis and characterization of Co(II) porphyrin complex supported on chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposite for efficient green oxidation and removal of Acid Orange 7 dye
Authors: El-Khalafy Sahar H. , Hassanein Mahmoud T. , Alaskary Mohamed M. , Salahuddin Nehal A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) by hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution has been investigated using cobalt(II) complex of 5, 10, 15, 20 Tetrakis [4-(hydroxy)phenyl] porphyrin [Co(II) TPHPP] covalently supported chitosan/Graphene Oxide nanocomposite [Co(II) TPHPP]-Cs/GO, as highly efficient and recoverable heterogeneous catalyst. The structures and properties of [Co(II) TPHPP]-Cs/GO nanocomposite were characterized by techniques such as UV–Vis, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD. The oxidation reaction was followed by recording the UV–Vis spectra of the reaction mixture with time at λmax = 485 nm. [Co(II) TPHPP]-Cs/GO nanocomposite demonstrated high catalytic activity and could decompose 94% of AO7 within 60 min. The factors that may influence the oxidation of Acid Orange 7, such as the effect of reaction temperature, pH, concentration of catalyst, Acid Orange 7, and hydrogen peroxide, have been studied. The results of total organic carbon analysis (TOC) showed 50% of dye mineralization under mild reaction conditions of AO7 (1.42 × 10−4M) with H2O2 (8 × 10−2M) in the presence of [Co(II) TPHPP]-Cs/GO nanocomposite (15 × 10−3 g/ml) and pH = 9 at 40 °C. The reuse and stability of the nanocomposite were examined and remarkably, even after six cycles of reuse, there was no significant degradation or deactivation of the recycled catalyst. Residual organic compounds in the reaction mixture were identified by using GC–MS analyses. The radical scavenging measurements and photoluminescence probing technology of disodium salt of terephthalic acid indicated the formation of the hydroxyl radical as the reactive oxygen species in the [Co(II) TPHPP]-Cs/GO nanocomposite/H2O2 system. A mechanism for the oxidation reaction has been discussed.
Genetic characterization of Tibetan pigs adapted to high altitude under natural selection based on a large whole-genome dataset
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Zhu Yanbin , Ren Yue , Xu Linna , Liu Xuanbo , Qi Xuebin , Jiao Ting , Sun Guangming , Han Haiyu , Zhang Jian , Sun Fengbo , Yang Yanan , Zhao Shengguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a valuable genetic resource pool, and the high-altitude adaptation of Tibetan pigs is a classic example of the adaptive evolution of domestic animals. Here, we report the presence of Darwinian positive selection signatures in Tibetan pigs (TBPs) using 348 genome-wide datasets (127 whole-genome sequence datasets (WGSs) and 221 whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip datasets). We characterized a high-confidence list of genetic signatures related response to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs, including 4,598 candidate SNPs and 131 candidate genes. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis revealed that 131 candidate genes are related to multiple systems and organs in Tibetan pigs. Notably, eight of the top ten novel genes, RALB, NBEA, LIFR, CLEC17A, PRIM2, CDH7, GK5 and FAM83B, were highlighted and associated with improved adaptive heart functions in Tibetan pigs high-altitude adaptation. Moreover, genome-wide association analysis revealed that 29 SNPs were involved in 13 candidate genes associated with at least one adaptive trait. In particular, among the top ten candidate genes, CLEC17A is related to a reduction in hemoglobin (HGB) in Tibetan pigs. Overall, our study provides a robust SNP/gene list involving genetic adaptation for Tibetan pig high-altitude adaptation, and it will be a valuable resource for future Tibetan pig studies.
Revealing detrimental effects of various DC electrical energy conditions on different multidrug resistant bacteria: a comprehensive study
Authors: Shawki Mamdouh M. , El-Shall Hadeel S. , Moustafa Maisa E. , Atay Kamal Y. S. , Elsheredy Amel G. , Eltarahony Marwa M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe arbitrary discharge of contaminated wastes, especially that encompass multidrug resistant microbes (MDR), would broaden the circle of epidemic diseases such as COVID-19, which in turn deteriorate definitely the whole socioeconomics. Therefore, the employment of electrical stimulation techniques such as direct current (DC) with low energy considers being effective tool to impede spontaneous changes in microbial genetic makeup, which increases the prevalence of MDR phenomenon. Herein, the influence of different electric energies generated by DC electric field, volts and time on MDR-bacteria that are categorized among the highly ranked nosocomial pathogens, was scrutinized. Wherein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were examined as paradigms of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. The results declared the significant superior antagonizing potency of electric energy in a dose-dependent modality rather than the applied volts or exposure time. Notably, the exposure of bacterial cultures to140 J inhibited the bacterial count by > 78% and the range of 47–73% for Gram-negative and Gram-positive, respectively. While the suppression in their metabolic activity assessed by > 75% and 41–68%, respectively; reflecting the capability of electrical energy to induce viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Similarly, the results of total protein, extracellular protein content and lactate dehydrogenase activity emphasized the cell wall deterioration and losing of cell membrane integrity. Additionally, the elevating in ROS upon DC-exposure participated in DNA fragmentation and plasmid decomposability by the range of 33–60%. Further, SEM micrographs depicted drastic morphological deformations after electrical treatment. Strikingly, DC-treatment impaired antibiotic resistance of the examined strains against several antibiotics by > 64.2%. Generally, our comparative detailed study revealed deleterious potentiality of different DC-protocols in defeating microbial pollution, which could be invested as efficient disinfectant alternative in various sectors such as milk sterilization and wastewater purification.
The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on motor learning
Authors: Takeuchi Eri , Hatanaka Tomomi , Iijima Takatoshi , Kimura Minoru , Katoh Akira 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is mainly secreted from the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei and plays a crucial role in stress-related responses. Recent studies have reported that CRF is a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. In the cerebellum, CRF is essential for the induction of long-term depression (LTD) at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Given that LTD is thought to be one of the fundamental mechanisms of motor learning, CRF may affect motor learning. However, the role of CRF in motor learning in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of CRF in motor learning. This was achieved through a series of behavioral experiments involving the in vivo administration of CRF and its antagonists. Rats injected with CRF directly into the cerebellum exhibited superior performance on the rotarod test, especially during initial training phases, compared to control subjects. Conversely, rats receiving a CRF receptor antagonist demonstrated reduced endurance on the rotating rod compared to controls. Notably, CRF mRNA expression levels in the cerebellum did not show significant variance between the CRF-injected and control groups. These findings imply a critical role of endogenous CRF in cerebellar motor learning and suggest that exogenous CRF can augment this process. (199 words)
Responses of nitrobenzene removal performance and microbial community by modified biochar supported zerovalent iron in anaerobic soil
Authors: Hainan Lu , Peng Li , Qingqing Li , Fang Liu , Dong Zhou , Shenfa Huang , Jie Yang , Zhiheng Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to remove nitrobenzene in groundwater and soil. However, the capacity of this material to enhance the biological reduction of nitrobenzene and alter microbial communities in anaerobic groundwater have not been explored. In this study, the nitrobenzene removal performance and mechanism of modified biochar-supported zerovalent iron (ZVI) composites were explored in anaerobic soil. The results showed that the 700 °C biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene and inhibited its release from soil to the aqueous phase. NaOH-700-Fe50 had the highest removal rate of nitrobenzene, reaching 64.4%. However, the 300 °C biochar composite inhibited the removal of nitrobenzene. Microbial degradation rather than ZVI-mediated reduction was the main nitrobenzene removal pathway. The biochar composites changed the richness and diversity of microbial communities. ZVI enhanced the symbiotic relationship between microbial genera and weakened competition between soil microbial genera. In summary, the 700 °C modified biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene by increasing microbial community richness and diversity, by upregulating functional genes, and by promoting electron transfer. Overall, the modified biochar-supported ZVI composites could be used for soil remediation, and NaOH-700-Fe50 is a promising composite material for the on-site remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.
A hybrid quantum computing pipeline for real world drug discovery
Authors: Li Weitang , Yin Zhi , Li Xiaoran , Ma Dongqiang , Yi Shuang , Zhang Zhenxing , Zou Chenji , Bu Kunliang , Dai Maochun , Yue Jie , Chen Yuzong , Zhang Xiaojin , Zhang Shengyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantum computing, with its superior computational capabilities compared to classical approaches, holds the potential to revolutionize numerous scientific domains, including pharmaceuticals. However, the application of quantum computing for drug discovery has primarily been limited to proof-of-concept studies, which often fail to capture the intricacies of real-world drug development challenges. In this study, we diverge from conventional investigations by developing a hybrid quantum computing pipeline tailored to address genuine drug design problems. Our approach underscores the application of quantum computation in drug discovery and propels it towards more scalable system. We specifically construct our versatile quantum computing pipeline to address two critical tasks in drug discovery: the precise determination of Gibbs free energy profiles for prodrug activation involving covalent bond cleavage, and the accurate simulation of covalent bond interactions. This work serves as a pioneering effort in benchmarking quantum computing against veritable scenarios encountered in drug design, especially the covalent bonding issue present in both of the case studies, thereby transitioning from theoretical models to tangible applications. Our results demonstrate the potential of a quantum computing pipeline for integration into real world drug design workflows.
Determinants of Achilles tendon thickness and their influence on knee function and foot alignment in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Nazir Shaikh Nabi Bukhsh , Ansari Basit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (OA) significantly impacts the quality of life of individuals globally. However, the interconnections between Achilles tendon thickness, knee symptoms/functions, and foot alignment remain understudied in knee OA patients. This study determines the relationships between Achilles tendon thickness (ATT), knee symptoms/functions, and foot alignment in knee OA patients, considering their interconnected biomechanical nature. In a cross-sectional analysis involving 122 knee OA patients, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) assessed knee function and symptoms. Forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot alignment were measured using hallux valgus angle, navicular/foot ratio, and rearfoot angle. The navicular/foot ratio represented the ratio of navicular height to total foot length. ATT was measured using a digital calliper. Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple linear regression models were employed to explore relationships and determinants. Out of 122 participants, 88 (72.1%) were females. ATT correlated significantly with ankle range of motion, forefoot alignment, and midfoot alignment. In stepwise multivariable regression, ankle range of motion, navicular/foot ratio, and age were significantly associated with ATT (adjusted R2 = 0.44). Similarly, KOOS-Symptoms scores were linked to the OA severity, navicular/foot ratio, ankle range of motion, gastrocnemius strength, and age (adjusted R2 = 0.22). KOOS-Function scores were significantly associated with knee OA severity, gastrocnemius strength, ankle range of motion, and age (adjusted R2 = 0.19). Midfoot alignment was significantly associated with ATT and knee symptoms in patients with Knee OA. This suggests potential benefits of interventions targeting both Achilles tendon properties and foot alignment for improved knee OA outcomes.
Effects of environmental change on health and the critical need for sex- and gender-disaggregated data
Authors: Peters Sanne A. E. , Downey Laura , Millett Christopher , Hirst Jane E. , Vaartjes Ilonca , Downward George S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impacts of sex and gender on the health effects of environmental change are unclear and understudied. We describe the sex and gender dimensions of the health impacts of environmental change and provide a critical reflection on improving the quality of sex- and gender-disaggregated data and research, ultimately paving the way for evidence-based policies and interventions that account for the diverse experiences of individuals across the sex and gender spectrum.
Digital twin‐based virtual commissioning for evaluation and validation of a reconfigurable process line
Authors: Iyer Suveg V. , Sangwan Kuldip Singh , Dhiraj  
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe benefits of advancements in information and communication technologies have proliferated in manufacturing applications as more industries are migrating towards industry 4.0 compliance. The industry 4.0 process lines should be dynamic and reconfigurable. Digital twin (DT), supported by real‐time data, is getting wide acceptance as a tool for monitoring and control of complex processes. Virtual commissioning (VC) has played a vital role in the software‐based validation of the control systems. A DT‐based VC methodology is proposed to evaluate and validate a reconfigured process line. The proposed new asset is commissioned virtually in the DT environment maintaining other stations and parameters synchronised. The proposed methodology is validated in a modular production system assembly line. A storage and retrieval station is virtually commissioned by the hardware in loop technique in the assembly line DT with a station time error of 1.3% between the VC model and the actual assembly line data. The case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed methodology in assessing the impacts due to reconfiguration of a process line. The findings offer significant support to decision makers in taking informed decisions and to reduce unforeseen interruptions resulting from the integration of a new asset with the existing process line.
Erfahrungen und Auswirkungen von nicht-pharmakologischen Maßnahmen in
der COVID-19 Pandemie bei Jugendlichen – eine Querschnittstudie unter 649
Schüler:innen der 10. Klassen in Witten (GeWIT-Studie)
Authors: Wiesheu Paul , Heye Anne-Lisa , Tillmann Judith , Dianti Nessia Rachma , Völkel Klaus , Weckbecker Klaus , Münster Eva 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Auswirkungen der
COVID-19-Pandemie und der damit verbundenen nicht-pharmakologischen Maßnahmen
auf Schüler:innen in Deutschland. Fokus liegt dabei auf den subjektiven
Erfahrungen der Schüler:innen. Weiterhin soll untersucht werden, inwiefern eine
Quarantäne oder Erkrankung an COVID-19 die Wahrnehmung der Schüler:innen
bezüglich der Erkrankung und den Schutzmaßnahmen beeinflusst hat und welche
Gruppen davon besonders betroffen waren.
Methodik Von November 2021 bis Februar 2022 wurde eine standardisierte,
schriftliche Befragung von Schüler:innen der zehnten Klassen der neun
städtischen Sekundarschulen der Stadt Witten durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe
deskriptiver Statistik wurden die Daten analysiert und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse 98,3% der anwesenden Schüler:innen (n=649) wurden in die
Befragung eingeschlossen. Von dem Studienkollektiv gaben 12,9% an, schon an
COVID-19 erkrankt gewesen zu sein und 43,6% waren schon einmal in Quarantäne.
27,3% der Schüler:innen gaben an, dass das Maskentragen ihnen nicht leicht fiel,
während 65,2% Maskentragen als leicht empfanden. Weiterhin gaben 33,4% an, dass
ihnen der Distanzunterricht geschadet hätte und 6,9% der Schüler:innen
berichteten, dass sie in der Corona-Zeit mehr Gewalt erfahren hätten. Angst vor
Corona wurde von 10% der Schüler:innen angegeben, diese wurde weniger häufig
berichtet, wenn die Schüler:innen bereits an COVID-19 erkrankt waren oder in
Quarantäne waren. 75,7% gaben an, keine Angst vor Corona zu haben.
Schlussfolgerung Die COVID-19-Pandemie und die damit einhergehenden
nicht-pharmakologischen Maßnahmen stellten große Herausforderungen und eine
starke Belastung an die Schüler:innen dar. Mithilfe der vorliegenden
Untersuchung ergaben sich Hinweise, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie und/oder die
Maßnahmen negative Auswirkungen auf die Schüler:innen hatten. Insbesondere im
Hinblick auf vulnerable Gruppen bspw. geschlechtlich diverse Schüler:innen oder
sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Schüler:innen sollten die Maßnahmen kritisch
betrachtet werden. Bedarfsgerechte und zielgruppenorientierte Aufklärung kann
dazu beitragen, die Akzeptanz und das Sicherheitsempfinden unter Schüler:innen
zu erhöhen.