bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Golden organic crystals of an azobenzene derivative containing two ester bonds
Authors: Kondo Yukishige , Nakajima Kazuya , Kato Masakatsu , Ohrui Hidetaka , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: May 2015

Recently we found while we were synthesising a cationic surfactant that a synthetic intermediate, 4,4′‐bis{1‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)]ethoxy}azobenzene, produced gold‐coloured crystals [Matsumoto et al., J. Oleo Sci., 59, (2010) 151]. Here we describe how an azobenzene derivative, bis[4‐(ethoxycarbonylmethoxy)phenyl]diazene, also forms gold‐coloured crystals after recrystallisation from a mixture of acetone and water. The profile of the specular reflectance as a function of wavelength for the crystals is very similar to that for metallic gold plate, indicating that the crystals have a golden colour. The maximum specular reflectance of the crystals is 16%. Atomic force microscopy observation shows that the crystals have flat surfaces. X‐ray diffraction measurements demonstrate the presence of a periodic structure in the crystals, which indicates that monolayers (lamellar structure) consisting of azobenzene molecules with a thickness of 1.42 nm are stacked in the crystals. The gold‐coloured crystals are tolerant of ultraviolet light irradiation. The gold‐coloured crystals may be useful as a substitute for conventional metallic pigments in specific coating applications.
Effect of a postoperative outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program on physical activity in patients who underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer
Authors: Maeda Kazushige , Higashimoto Yuji , Honda Noritsugu , Shiraishi Masashi , Hirohata Takeshi , Minami Kenji , Iwasaki Takuya , Chiba Yasutaka , Yamagata Toshiyuki , Terada Katsuhiko , Matsuo Yoshimi , Shuntoh Hisato , Tohda Yuji , Fukuda Kanji 
Published: May 2015

AimPhysical activity (PA) has been associated with an improvement in survival for individuals with cancer. However, little is known about the effect of postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation on PA after lobectomy in patients with lung cancer. The present study investigated the effect of outpatient rehabilitation on PA in patients with cancer after lung resection.MethodsA total of 19 patients with lung cancer were recruited for this study and completed a preoperative rehabilitation program. One group of nine patients completed a postoperative outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program (rehabilitation) and another group of 10 patients did not (control), but were similarly followed up. Preoperative lung function, assessed by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), body mass index (BMI) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score were not different between groups. PA was measured before and 2 months after surgery using a three‐axis accelerometer for 5–6 days. PA level (PAL) was defined as total energy expenditure divided by basal metabolic rate.ResultsPreoperative PAL was not different between groups. However, postoperative versus preoperative PAL was significantly lower in the control versus the rehabilitation group (P < 0.01), and PAL decline was less for the rehabilitation versus the control group (P < 0.001). A subgroup analysis showed improvement in postoperative PAL in rehabilitation patients aged <75 years and older.ConclusionsTwo months after lung resection surgery, patients had not recovered to the preoperative PAL. However, compared with the control group, there was an improvement in the postoperative PAL in patients, including older patients, who underwent outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 550–555.
Pharmacokinetic properties of BAY 81‐8973, a full‐length recombinant factor VIII
Authors: Shah A. , Delesen H. , Garger S. , Lalezari S. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionBAY 81‐8973 is a full‐length recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) with the same primary amino acid sequence as sucrose‐formulated recombinant FVIII (rFVIII‐FS) but is produced with advanced manufacturing technologies.AimTo analyse the pharmacokinetics (PK) of BAY 81‐8973 after single and multiple dosing across different age and ethnic groups in the LEOPOLD clinical trial programme.MethodsThe LEOPOLD trials enrolled patients with severe haemophilia A aged 12–65 years (LEOPOLD I and II) or ≤12 years (LEOPOLD Kids) with ≥150 (LEOPOLD I and II) or ≥50 (LEOPOLD Kids) exposure days to any FVIII product and no history of FVIII inhibitors. PK were assessed using chromogenic and one‐stage assays (only chromogenic assay for LEOPOLD Kids) after a single 50‐IU kg−1 dose of BAY 81‐8973 and, in a subset of patients in LEOPOLD I, after repeated dosing. Pharmacokinetic analyses were also performed based on age (18 to 65, 12 to <18, 6 to <12 and <6 years) and ethnicity (Asian and non‐Asian).ResultsPharmacokinetic assessments in the LEOPOLD I trial showed non‐inferiority of BAY 81‐8973 vs. rFVIII‐FS. The PK of BAY 81‐8973 were comparable after single and multiple dosing. Age‐based analysis in the three trials showed that plasma concentrations were slightly lower for children, but similar for adolescents compared with adults. Pharmacokinetic results were similar in the different ethnic groups.ConclusionsResults of the LEOPOLD trials show that the BAY 81‐8973 pharmacokinetic profile is non‐inferior to rFVIII‐FS. Similar BAY 81‐8973 pharmacokinetic values were observed following single and repeated dosing and across ethnic groups.
Long‐term prophylaxis in severe factor VII deficiency
Authors: Siboni S. M. , Biguzzi E. , Mistretta C. , Garagiola I. , Peyvandi F. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionThe spectrum of bleeding problems in FVII deficiency is highly variable and FVII levels and causative genetic mutations correlate poorly with the bleeding risk. Long‐term prophylaxis is generally initiated in order to prevent subsequent CNS bleeding after a first event or in patients with other major/ life threatening/ frequent bleeding symptoms as gastrointestinal bleeding or hemarthrosis. However few data are available in the literature regarding FVII prophylaxis and clinical decisions cannot be based on evidence.AimsWe report the data available in the literature on FVII prophylaxis and our personal experience regarding three patients affected by severe FVII deficiency.MethodsSpecific papers on long‐term prophylaxis in severe FVII deficiency were identified using the database, PUBMED.ResultsThe most frequent indications for long‐term prophylaxis were CNS bleeding (58%), hemartrosis (15%) and GI bleeding (9%). Patients were treated with various dosages and frequency. Prophylactic treatment with 10‐30U/kg (pdFVII) or 20‐30mcg/kg (rFVIIa) twice or three times/weeks was described to be effective.ConclusionsIn the literature and in our experience, prophylaxis can be considered in patients with severe FVII deficiency and severe bleeding phenotype. A dose of 10‐30U/kg (pdFVII) or 20‐30 microg/kg (rFVIIa) twice or three times/week is usually administrated, but dose and frequency can be tailored based on the clinical follow‐up of the patients. Since hemarthrosis is a frequent manifestation, a suggestion to improve the outcomes of patients with severe FVII deficiency is to monitor joint condition in order to identify early arthropathy that could be another indication to start secondary prophylaxis.
Oral health in children and adolescents with haemophilia
Authors: Evangelista L. M. , Lima C. C. B. , Idalino R. C. L. , Lima M. D. M. , Moura L. F. A. D. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionBleeding disorders are certainly one of the most difficult health conditions among health professionals. The haemophilia requires special care in dentistry mainly due to highly vascularized oral cavity.AimThe objective of this study was to determine oral health conditions of children and adolescents with haemophilia at a haematology centre.MethodsThe sample was composed of 40 children and adolescents aged 1–18 years. Data collection occurred by means of a questionnaire about social and economical conditions, and an examination of the oral cavity. The decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft), decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and gingival bleeding (allows the determination of gingival bleeding) epidemiological indexes were evaluated.ResultsWhen evaluating caries experience, the mean value for the dmft index was 3.4 for the deciduous dentition, DMFT score of 0.9 for mixed‐dentition, and 2.9 for permanent dentition. The mean value for the gingival bleeding index was similar in all three phases of development, showing a mean value of 1.74.ConclusionThe majority of the children and adolescents demonstrated unsatisfactory oral health.
Overexpression of lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor‐1 (LEF1) is a novel favorable prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jia M. , Zhao H.‐Z. , Shen H.‐P. , Cheng Y.‐P. , Luo Z.‐B. , Li S.‐S. , Zhang J.‐Y. , Tang Y.‐M. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIntroductionLymphoid enhancer‐binding factor‐1 (LEF1) is a target gene and central mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway. High LEF1 expression has been reported as a prognostic marker in several types of hematologic malignancies of adult patients.MethodsIn this study, LEF1 expression was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 122 children with newly diagnosed ALL treated on the China NPCAC97 protocols. Patients' samples were dichotomized at the median value of control group and divided into LEF1low and LEF1high groups.ResultsThe LEF1 mRNA levels in patients with ALL were significantly higher than those of normal controls, and the LEF1 levels were dramatically decreased following induction therapy. In addition, LEF1high patients had lower white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis and lower minimal residual disease (MRD) levels at the time of complete remission as compared to LEF1low patients. Finally, our studies showed that high LEF1 expression is associated with favorable CR rate and overall survival (OS) in childhood ALL (5‐year OS: LEF1high 92% vs. LEF1low 73%, P = 0.009). High LEF1 level was associated with a favorable relapse‐free survival in standard‐risk patients and also related to a better OS within the subgroup of patients with BCR‐ABL‐negative ALL.ConclusionOverexpression of LEF1 is a favorable prognostic factor in childhood ALL. The prognostic impact of LEF1 may assist treatment stratification and suggest the need of alternative regimens.
Long‐term follow up of paediatric liver transplant recipients: outcomes following transfer to adult healthcare in New Zealand
Authors: Harry R. , Fraser‐Irwin C. , Mouat S. , Gane E. , Munn S. , Evans H. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPoor outcomes are reported in young people with chronic health conditions. We performed a retrospective notes review of New Zealand paediatric liver transplant recipients transferred to adult services. Two patients were lost to follow up. Out of 20, 12 were non‐adherent, and out of 12, 7 developed rejection. Other risk behaviours were common in the non‐adherent group. We conclude that dedicated services for these young people may be needed to optimise outcomes.
Stabilization of Nanoalumina Colloidal Slips
Authors: Tsetsekou Athena , Petrakli Fotini , Tsoutsouva M. G. , Sioulas Dimitris 
Published: May 2015

The processing of nanosized powders to produce dense components is a difficult task, mainly due to the strong agglomeration of nanoparticles. In this work, deagglomeration studies were carried out on sol–gel‐derived γ‐alumina suspensions through the addition of dispersant or dispersant in combination with ethylene glycol as binder and the proper wet ball‐milling. For this purpose, zeta‐potential, viscosity, and sedimentation studies were carried out, whereas dilatometric studies accompanied by XRD analyses were performed on the powders derived from the most stable suspensions. Sintering studies followed and the as received ceramics were evaluated by SEM. The optimum stabilization was achieved through the synergistic addition of 2.75 mg/g ammonium polymethacrylate with 1 wt% ethylene glycol. The respective powder, although it indicates a shift of the sintering start to higher temperature, leads to the densest ceramic with the finest (500 nm mean grain size) and the most homogeneous microstructure.
Against Substitutive Harm
Authors: Schwartz Daniel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrances Kamm's Principle of Secondary Permissibility (PSP) specifies a class of exceptions to the general rule not to kill as a means. The principle allows us to harm as a means some of those who would have been otherwise harmed as side effects. ‘For example, suppose it is impermissible to paralyze A's legs as a means to a greater good. It would still be permissible to do this as the alternative to permissibly killing A as a mere indirect side effect.’ I argue that, despite of its great appeal, PSP is incorrect; it is simply not true that the victims of substitutive harm are not worse off than they would otherwise permissibly have been. In fact, there is no moral difference between the purportedly substitutive harm licensed by PSP (and its extension) and the standard sort of harming as means repudiated by nonconsequentialists.
Medication Routines and Adherence Among Hypertensive African Americans
Authors: Solomon Abida , Schoenthaler Antoinette , Seixas Azizi , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Jean‐Louis Girardin , Lai Dejian 
Published: May 2015

Poor adherence to prescribed medication regimens remains an important challenge preventing successful treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. While studies have documented differences in the time of day or weekday vs weekend on medication adherence, no study has examined whether having a medication‐taking routine contributes to increased medication adherence. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify patients’ sociodemographic factors associated with consistent medication‐taking routine; (2) examine associations between medication‐taking consistency, medication adherence, and blood pressure (BP) control. The study included black patients with hypertension (n = 190; 22 men and 168 women; age, mean±standard deviation 54 ± 12.08 years) who completed a practice‐based randomized controlled trial. Findings showed that medication‐taking consistency was significantly associated with better medication adherence (F = 9.54, P = .002). Associations with the consistency index were not statistically significant for diastolic BP control (odds ratio, 1.319; 95% confidence interval, 0.410–4.246; P = .642) and systolic BP control (odds ratio, 0.621; 95% confidence interval, 0.195–1.974; P = .419).
Why do we need systematic reviews to inform healthcare decisions in the disaster context
Authors: Kadhiravan Tamilarasu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDecision‐making in the disaster setting is often guided by the precautionary principle and the pressure to do something. All such actions do not necessarily translate into improved outcomes, however well‐reasoned and well‐intentioned they might be. Systematic reviews of interventions could provide the credible evidence needed to inform decision‐making in the disaster context. In this paper, which was presented at the Evidence Aid Symposium on 20 September 2014, at Hyderabad, India, I emphasize this point by reflecting upon the response to the recent pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza.
The first center for evidence‐based medicine in Lithuania: an opportunity to change culture and improve clinical practice
Authors: Beinortas Tumas , Bauza Karolis , Howick Jeremy , Nunan David , Mahtani Kamal R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn post‐Soviet countries, where medical practice largely relies on experience alone, the incorporation of the best research evidence in clinical practice is limited. In order to promote the awareness and utilization of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) among Lithuanian doctors, we organized EBM conferences in each of the two Lithuanian medical schools. More than 500 medical professionals and students attended the conferences in Vilnius (2013) and Kaunas (2014) demonstrating that there is a high demand for formal EBM teaching. Building on the success of these seminal conferences, and to start addressing the lack of EBM practice in the country, the first Lithuanian Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine was established at Vilnius University Medical Faculty in 2014. The Centre will focus on the implementation of EBM teaching in medical school curriculum, formulating management guidelines, writing systematic reviews and supporting Lithuanian authors in doing so.
A novel multiplex RT‐qPCR method based on dual‐labelled probes suitable for typing all known genotypes of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus
Authors: Vázquez D , López‐Vázquez C , Skall H F , Mikkelsen S S , Olesen N J , Dopazo C P 
Published: May 2015

AbstractViral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is a notifiable fish disease, whose causative agent is a rhabdovirus isolated from a wide range of fish species, not only in fresh but also in marine and brackish waters. Phylogenetic studies have identified four major genotypes, with a strong geographical relationship. In this study, we have designed and validated a new procedure – named binary multiplex RT‐qPCR (bmRT‐qPCR) – for simultaneous detection and typing of all four genotypes of VHSV by real‐time RT‐PCR based on dual‐labelled probes and composed by two multiplex systems designed for European and American/Asiatic isolates, respectively, using a combination of three different fluorophores. The specificity of the procedure was assessed by including a panel of 81 VHSV isolates covering all known genotypes and subtypes of the virus, and tissue material from experimentally infected rainbow trout, resulting in a correct detection and typing of all strains. The analytical sensitivity was evaluated in a comparative assay with titration in cell culture, observing that both methods provided similar limits of detection. The proposed method can be a powerful tool for epidemiological analysis of VHSV by genotyping unknown samples within a few hours.
Liquid fat, a potential abiotic vector for horizontal transmission of salmonid alphavirus?
Authors: Stene A , Hellebø A , Viljugrein H , Solevåg S E , Devold M , Aspehaug V 
Published: May 2015

AbstractViral diseases represent serious challenge in marine farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Pancreas disease (PD) caused by a salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is by far the most serious in northern Europe. To control PD, it is necessary to identify virus transmission routes. One aspect to consider is whether the virus is transported as free particles or associated with potential vectors. Farmed salmonids have high lipid content in their tissue which may be released into the environment from decomposing dead fish. At the seawater surface, the effects of wind and ocean currents are most prominent. The aim of this study was primarily to identify whether the lipid fraction leaking from dead infected salmon contains SAV. Adipose tissue from dead SAV‐infected fish from three farming sites was submerged in beakers with sea water in the laboratory and stored at different temperature and time conditions. SAV was identified by real‐time RT‐PCR in the lipid fractions accumulating at the water surface in the beakers. SAV‐RNA was also present in the sea water. Lipid fractions were transferred to cell culture, and viable SAV was identified. Due to its hydrophobic nature, fat with infective pathogenic virus at the surface may contribute to long‐distance transmission of SAV.
Determination of influence of food intake after a single oral dose of mosapride in beagle dogs using nonlinear mixed effect modeling
Authors: Chae J.‐W. , Hwang J.‐A. , Baek I.‐H. , Pradhan S. , Song B. , Back H.‐M. , Yun M. , Pai C. , Bang J. S. , Yun H.‐Y. , Kang W. , Kwon K.‐I. 
Published: May 2015

The objective of this study was to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of mosapride under fasting and fed conditions. A single 5‐mg oral dose of mosapride was administered to fasted (n = 15) and fed (n = 12) beagle dogs. Plasma concentrations of mosapride were subsequently measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using modeling approaches with the NONMEM 7.2 software. A one‐compartment open PK model utilizing model event time (MTIME) with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination was found to be more appropriate than all other PK models tested. The absorption rate constants of mosapride were significantly decreased under fed conditions, compared to fasting conditions. The observed bootstrap medians of PK parameters were generally consistent with the corresponding population mean estimates. Furthermore, with the exception of some mosapride concentrations, most of observed data fell into the range of the 5th and 95th percentiles of the simulated values. Overall, the final model was able to describe the observed mosapride concentrations reasonably well. These findings suggest that food intake affects both the rate and extent of absorption of mosapride and that the pharmacological effect of mosapride can differ significantly depending on food intake.
Breath methane in functional constipation: response to treatment with Ispaghula husk
Authors: Vega A. B. , Perelló A. , Martos L. , García Bayo I. , García M. , Andreu V. , Abad A. , Barenys M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundColonic fermentation produces hydrogen (H2), and also produces methane (CH4) in subjects with methanogenic flora (M+). Methane production has been associated with chronic constipation (CC) and with changes in gut motility. To determineCH4production inCCcompared to controls, and to assess whether the therapeutic response to Ispaghula husk inCCdiffers betweenCH4‐producers and non‐producers.MethodsForty‐eight patients with functional constipation or irritable bowel syndrome‐constipation and 19 healthy age‐and‐sex‐matched volunteers (HV) filled in a 1‐week symptom diary and a dietary questionnaire. They then underwent a lactulose breath test (LBT) to measure H2andCH4production (peak and area under the time‐concentration curve,AUC‐) and a colonic transit time (CTT) assessment. In patients, measurements were repeated after a 4‐week treatment with Ispaghula husk.Key ResultsPrevalence of M+ in patients was 60.5%vs52.6% inHV(p = 0.37). Patients had significantly longerCTTand greater production of both H2andCH4duringLBT. There was a significant correlation betweenCH4production andCTT(r = 0.51;p = 0.07). Treatment response rate was similar for M+ and M− patients (58.3%vs52.9%;p = 0.76) as were the increases in bowel movements and Bristol score, changes in abdominal discomfort and bloating. In M+, treatment reducedCTT(−10 ± 35 h;p = 0.029vsbaseline) andCH4levels: peakCH4(−13 ± 24 ppm;p = 0.014) andCH4‐AUC(−817 ± 3100 ppm/min;p = 0.04).Conclusions & InferencesAlthoughCH4production has been associated withCCpathophysiology, we found thatCH4status did not negatively affect the response to Ispaghula husk treatment. The measurement ofCH4levels as a biomarker tool forCCrequires further appraisal.