bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The price of anarchy in nonatomic consumption‐relevance congestion games
Authors: Kliemann Lasse 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present an extension to nonatomic congestion games (NCG). An NCG models a large number of players depending on a set of resources (e.g., network links) in certain combinations (e.g., paths or multicast trees) called strategies. The rate of consumption ZeS specifies how aggressively resource e is consumed when used via strategy S, but it also effects how strongly the resource's latency is experienced by the players. Our extension allows essentially unrelated factors CeS and ReS instead of ZeS. Factor CeS is the actual rate of consumption, whereas ReS expresses the amplification of the resource latency of e for players choosing strategy S, or, in other words, the relevance of resource e for strategy S. We call the extended model nonatomic consumption‐relevance congestion games (NCRCG). NCRCGs exhibit new phenomena, including multiple Nash equilibria of different social cost and—even from a worst‐case point of view—a dependence of the price of anarchy on structural parameters not limited to the class of resource latency functions used. We prove almost tight lower, upper, and bicriteria bounds for the price of anarchy for polynomial latency functions with nonnegative coefficients. We conjecture that the lower bound is the best possible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
Efficient algorithms for a simple network design problem
Authors: Nakano Shin‐ichi , Uehara Ryuhei , Uno Takeaki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe consider the following simple network design problem. The input consists of n weighted nodes, and the output is an edge‐weighted connected network such that the total weight of the edges incident to a node is at least the given weight of the node. We aim to design the cheapest connected network; that is, the reachability of the network should be guaranteed, and the network is better if its total weight is less. In this article, we first show an efficient algorithm that produces an optimal network with minimum weight. The algorithm runs in linear time, and the resulting network contains at most n edges, where n is the number of nodes. To construct a connected network, at least n ‐ 1 edges are required. However, the algorithm sometimes outputs n edges. Next, we aim to minimize not only the weight but also the number of edges. That is, for given n weighted nodes, we aim to design a cheapest tree. Then, the problem becomes
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‐complete. We also propose efficient approximation algorithms for constructing a cheapest tree. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
Gross morphology and microstructure of type locality ossicles ofPsephophorus polygonusMeyer, 1847 (Testudines, Dermochelyidae)
Authors: DELFINO MASSIMO , SCHEYER TORSTEN M. , CHESI FRANCESCO , FLETCHER TAMARA , GEMEL RICHARD , MACDONALD STEWART , RABI MÁRTON , SALISBURY STEVEN W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPsephophorus polygonusMeyer, 1847, the first fossil leatherback turtle to be named, was described on the basis of shell ossicles from the middle Miocene (MN6–7/8?) of Slovakia. The whereabouts of this material is uncertain but a slab on display at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien is considered the neotype. We rediscovered further type locality ossicles in four European institutions, re-evaluated their gross morphology and described for the first time their microstructure by comparing them withDermochelys coriacea, the only living dermochelyid turtle. The gross morphology is congruent with that already described forP. polygonus, but with two significant exceptions: the ridged ossicles ofP. polygonusmay have a distinctly concave ventral surface as well as a tectiform shape in cross-section. They do not develop the external keel typical of many ossicles ofD. coriacea. Both ridged and non-ridged ossicles ofP. polygonusare characterized by compact diploe structures with an internal cortex consisting of a coarse fibrous meshwork, whereas the proportionately thinner ossicles ofD. coriaceatend to lose the internal cortex, and thus their diploe, during ontogeny. The ossicles of bothP. polygonusandD. coriaceadiffer from those of other lineages of amniotes whose carapace is composed of polygonal ossicles or platelets, in having growth centres situated at the plate centres just interior to the external bone surface and not within the cancellous core or closer to the internal compact layer. The new diagnosis ofP. polygonusallows us to preliminarily re-evaluate the taxonomy of some of thePsephophorus-like species. Despite some macro- and micromorphological differences, it seems likely thatPsephophoruswas as cosmopolitan as extantDermochelysand had a broadly similar ecology, with a possible difference concerning the dive depth.
Percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization combined with endoscopic ligation for the prevention of variceal rebleeding
Authors: Bian Shu , Tian Xiang Guo , Hu Jin Hua , Wang Guang Chuan , Zhang Chun Qing 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo compare the efficiency of percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization (PTVE) plus endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) with EVL alone in the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding.MethodsCirrhotic patients with recent esophageal variceal bleeding from January 2007 to December 2011 were collected and assigned to PTVE + EVL (N = 41) or EVL (N = 47) groups. We performed chart reviews and prospective follow‐up to determine variceal rebleeding, recurrence of varices and survival.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, recurrence of esophageal varices (EV) occurred in 8 patients (19.5%) in the PTVE + EVL group and 23 (48.9%) in the EVL group (P = 0.004). The time to recurrence of EV was 9.2 ± 2.7 months and 4.9 ± 2.1 months, respectively. Three patients (7.3%) in the PTVE + EVL group and 12 (25.5%) in the EVL group experienced rebleeding from all sources (P = 0.023). One patient (2.4%) in the PTVE + EVL group and 7 (14.9%) in the EVL group experienced rebleeding from EV (P = 0.024). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the treatment method was the only predictor of rebleeding. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the two groups.ConclusionWith adequate and permanent obliteration of EV and their feeding veins, the combination of PTVE with cyanoacrylate and EVL is more effective than EVL alone in the prevention and treatment of EV recurrence and rebleeding.
Platinum‐Group Element Geochemical Characteristics of the Picrites and High‐Ti Basalts in the Binchuan Area, Yunnan Province
Authors: Mei BAI , Hong ZHONG , Weiguang ZHU , Zhongjie BAI , Defeng HE 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Binchuan area of Yunnan is located in the western part of the Emeishan large igneous province in the western margin of the Yangtze Block. In the present study, the Wuguiqing profile in thickness of about 1440 m is mainly composed of high‐Ti basalts, with minor picrites in the lower part and andesites, trachytes, and rhyolites in the upper part The picrites have relatively higher platinum‐group element (PGE) contents (ΣPGE=16.3–28.2 ppb), with high Cu/Zr and Pd/Zr ratios, and low S contents (5.03–16.9 ppm), indicating the parental magma is S‐unsaturated and generated by high degree of partial melting of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) mantle source. The slightly high Cu/Pd ratios (11 000–24 000) relative to that of the primitive mantle suggest that 0.007% sulfides have been retained in the mantle source. The PGE contents of the high‐Ti basalts exhibit a wider range (ΣPGE=0.517–30.8 ppb). The samples in the middle and upper parts are depleted in PGE and have εNd (260 Ma) ratios ranging from −2.8 to −2.2, suggesting that crustal contamination of the parental magma during ascent triggered sulfur saturation and segregation of about 0.446%–0.554% sulfides, and the sulfide segregation process may also provide the ore‐forming material for the magmatic Cu‐Ni‐PGE sulfide deposits close to the studied basalts. The samples in this area show Pt‐Pd type primitive mantle‐normalized PGE patterns, and the Pd/Ir ratios are higher than that of the primitive mantle (Pd/Ir=1), indicating that the obvious differentiation between Ir‐group platinum‐group elements (IPGE) and Pd‐group platinum‐group elements (PPGE) are mainly controlled by olivine or chromites fractionation during magma evolution. The Pd/Pt ratios of most samples are higher than the average ratio of mantle (Pd/Pt=0.55), showing that the differentiation happened between Pt and Pd. The differentiation in picrites may be relevant to Pt hosted in discrete refractory Pt‐alloy phase in the mantle; whereas the differentiation in the high‐Ti basalts is probably associated with the fractionation of Fe‐Pt alloys, coprecipitating with Ir‐Ru‐Os alloys. Some high‐Ti basalt samples exhibit negative Ru anomalies, possibly due to removal of laurite collected by the early crystallized chromites.
Gene methylation and silencing of SOCS3 in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Molavi Ommoleila , Wang Peng , Zak Zoulika , Gelebart Pascal , Belch Andrew , Lai Raymond 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe significance of loss of SOCS3, a negative regulator of signalling pathways including those of STAT3 and NF‐κB, was examined in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The protein expression and gene methylation status of SOCS3 were detected using immunohistochemistry/Western blots and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively. To evaluate its functional importance, SOCS3 was restored in two SOCS3‐negative MCL cell lines using a lentiviral vector. Loss of SOCS3 protein expression was found in 3/4 MCL cell lines and 18/33 (54·5%) tumours. SOCS3 was found consistently methylated in cell lines (3/4) and tumours (7/7) negative for SOCS3, and was unmethylated in all SOCS3‐positive cell line (1/1) and tumours (5/5) examined. Treatment of all three SOCS3‐negative cell lines with 2′‐deoxy‐5‐azacytidine restored SOCS3 expression. SOCS3 is biologically important in MCL, as lentiviral transfer of SOCS3 in SOCS3‐negative cell lines increased their apoptotic activity, downregulated nuclear factor (NF)‐κB‐p65, cyclin D1 (CCND1), BCL2 and BCL‐XL (BCL2L1), and substantially dampened interleukin 10‐induced STAT3 activation. In 19 patients aged ≤69 years at time of diagnosis, we found that those that carried SOCS3‐negative tumours showed a trend toward a worse outcome (P = 0·1, log‐rank).
Interspecific Differences in the Direct and Indirect Effects of Two Neotropical Hylid Tadpoles on Primary Producers and Zooplankton
Authors: Costa Zacharia J. , Vonesh James R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHerbivores can both consume and facilitate primary producers with important consequences for community structure. How differences in herbivore foraging ecology alter the relative importance of such effects is not well understood, especially in tropical lentic systems. To address this issue, we manipulated the density of two herbivores with different foraging strategies to evaluate their effects on primary producers and other consumers. Specifically, we examined the effects of the tadpoles of two common Neotropical hylid frogs at two densities on conspecific growth, periphyton and phytoplankton, and zooplankton. We found that the tadpoles of the pantless treefrog, Dendropsophus ebraccatus, reduced periphyton and increased phytoplankton abundances, whereas they had no affect on zooplankton. The red‐eyed treefrog, Agalychnis callidryas, also reduced periphyton and increased phytoplankton, but to a greater extent, and they also had strong impacts on zooplankton by altering the composition, size structure, and total abundances of the zooplankton community. Differences between both species' impacts on these food webs were independent of tadpole biomass, as size‐selective filter feeding and nutrient cycling seems to drive the impacts of A. callidryas on phytoplankton and zooplankton, while the role of D. ebraccatus is more limited. Species level differences in the strength and direction of top‐down and bottom‐up effects on food webs suggest that the ecological roles of tadpoles may be diverse and important to aquatic communities.
Bevacizumab eye drops delay corneal epithelial wound healing and increase the stromal response to epithelial injury in rats
Authors: Kim Eun Chul , Ryu Hyun Wook , Lee Hee Jin , Kim Man Soo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the effects of bevacizumab eye drops on corneal epithelial wound healing and the stromal response after epithelial injury in rats.MethodsWe divided 160 Sprague‐Dawley male rats into two groups and de‐epithelized corneas with a microblade. Five percent bevacizumab (Avastin) and antibiotic (Cravit) eyedrops were treated four times daily in the bevacizumab group and antibiotic eye drops only in the control group. Wound area evaluation, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescent staining, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were performed with rat corneas.ResultsThe percentage of wound healing in the bevacizumab group was lower than in the control group at 24, 48 and 72 hours after epithelial debridement (P = 0.02, 0.01 and 0.01). Corneal matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (P = 0.02, 0.01 and 0.02), matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.01) and transforming growth factor‐β (P = 0.02, 0.02 and 0.01) proteins in the bevacizumab group were higher than control group at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Matrix metalloproteinase‐2, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, transforming growth factor‐b and a‐smooth muscle actin were strongly stained in the bevacizumab corneas compared with control corneas in immunofluorescent staining. Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (P = 0.04, 0.03 and 0.04), matrix metalloproteinase‐ 9 (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.02), transforming growth factor‐b (P = 0.03, 0.03 and 0.03) and a‐smooth muscle actin (P = 0.04, 0.01 and 0.04) messenger RNA levels in the bevacizumab group were also highly expressed compared with the control group at 24, 48, and 72 hours.ConclusionsThe bevacizumab eye drops delay the wound healing and increase stromal response after corneal epithelial injury in rats.
Antidiuretic effect of antimuscarinic agents in rat model depends on C‐fibre afferent nerves in the bladder
Authors: Watanabe Nozomu , Akino Hironobu , Kurokawa Tetsuyuki , Taga Minekatu , Yokokawa Ryusei , Tanase Kazuya , Nagase Keiko , Yokoyama Osamu 
Published: February 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Antichollnergic agents are anticipated to diminish storage symptoms, as well as nocturia. Nevertheless, the effect of this treatment on polyuria related to nocturia is not clear. By subgroup analysis of the data set from a phase III clinical trial of antimuscarinic agent for OAB patients in Japan, imidafenacin was found to improve nocturia with a reduction in nocturnal polyuria.
This study adds the effects and underlying mechanism of antimuscarinic agents decreasing urine production through inhibition of C‐fibre in the bladder of water‐leaded rats.
Objective
To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of antimuscarinic agents used to decrease in urine production in water‐loaded rats.
Subjects and Methods
Urine production was measured using a cystostomy catheter in female Sprague–Dawley rats every 2 h.
The effect of the antimuscarinic agents atropine, tolterodine and imidafenacin on urine production was investigated under water‐loaded conditions, which were induced by i.p. injection of 15 mL saline.
Blood samples were collected to determine the levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone (ALD), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) before, and 2 and 8 h after, antimuscarinic agent administration.
To induce desensitization of C‐fibre afferent nerves, resiniferatoxin (RTX)was injected s.c. or intravesically 2 days before experiments.
Results
Urine production increased and reached its maximum 2 h after 15 mL saline injection.
Imidafenacin and tolterodine decreased urine production in water‐loaded rats, but ADH, ALD, ANP and BNP levels were not different between imidafenacin‐treated and vehicle‐treated rats.
The inhibitory effect on urine production was not found in RTX‐treated rats.
Atropine did not reduce urine production.
Conclusion
These results suggest that antimuscarinic agents decrease urine volume through C‐fibres in the bladder; thus, antimuscarinics with inhibitory effects on C‐fibres could be beneficial for nocturia with nocturnal polyuria.
Novel des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin in serum for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tanaka Takahiro , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Sannomiya Katsutaka , Takenaka Hidetaka , Tomonari Tetsu , Okamoto Koichi , Kitamura Shinji , Okahisa Toshiya , Tamaki Katsuyoshi , Mikasa Hiroaki , Suzuki Sadao , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimSerum des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) levels using a newly developed electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA, novel DCP [NX‐DCP]) were measured, and the utility of NX‐DCP and DCP/NX‐DCP ratio for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated. Antigenic differences in DCP between HCC and non‐HCC patients were elucidated.MethodsThe subjects included 170 patients with HCC, 61 with benign liver disease, 12 with obstructive jaundice, and 10 warfarin users. NX‐DCP was quantitated by sandwich ECLIA employing novel anti‐DCP monoclonal antibodies, P11 and P16. Conventional DCP was quantitated by standard ECLIA. DCP extracted from serum by affinity‐chromatography was analyzed by Western blotting.ResultsConventional serum DCP levels were high in patients with HCC and obstructive jaundice, and in warfarin users, consistent with previous reports. Serum NX‐DCP levels were high only in warfarin users and obstructive jaundice patients (vitamin K‐deficient patients) but not in HCC patients. The DCP/NX‐DCP ratio was significantly higher in the HCC group than in the benign liver disease, obstructive jaundice, and warfarin groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significant superiority of the DCP/NX‐DCP ratio over conventional DCP as a marker for HCC diagnosis (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that P11 and P16 reacted strongly with DCP from a warfarin user and an obstructive jaundice patient but very faintly with DCP from an HCC patient. Immunohistochemistry on HCC samples and autopsied normal liver tissues from warfarin users showed similar results.ConclusionsThe DCP/NX‐DCP ratio is very useful for diagnosing HCC. DCP in HCC patients is distinct from that in vitamin K‐deficient patients.
Post‐transplant biliary complications: An analysis from a predominantly living donor liver transplant center
Authors: Wadhawan Manav , Kumar Ajay , Gupta Subash , Goyal Neerav , Shandil Rajeev , Taneja Sunil , Sibal Anupam 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimBiliary anastomosis is the Achilles' heel of liver transplant. The reported incidence of biliary complications is 5–15% after deceased donor liver transplantation, and 20–34% after right‐lobe live donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We report our experience from an LDLT program.MethodsBetween September 2006 and August 2010, 338 liver transplants were performed. Biliary reconstructions were done with an end‐to‐end choledochocholedochostomy in 307 cases. All recipients were monitored for any evidence of bile leak or stricture.ResultsOf 338 transplants performed during this time period, 65 patients had biliary complications (19%). Of these, 30 were biliary leaks, and 35 patients had biliary stricture. Four were cut surface leaks, which settled without any intervention. One patient had leak from primary hepaticojejunostomy, which settled on conservative management. Twenty‐five patients had anastomotic leaks, of which 17 underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and stenting; another eight underwent re‐exploration and hepaticojejunostomy. Forty‐five patients had biliary strictures. Of these, 10 patients had bile leak initially, followed by biliary stricture. Patients with a double duct anastomosis had a significantly higher risk of developing biliary complications compared with those with a single duct anastomosis. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between those with or without biliary complications.ConclusionsBiliary complications are common after LDLT. Most leaks will subsequently form strictures. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the first‐line treatment for biliary complications, with surgery required in a minority of cases. The incidence of biliary complications is higher in multiple duct anastomoses. Biliary complications are not associated with increased mortality.
Characterization of esophageal pressure‐flow abnormalities in patients with non‐obstructive dysphagia and normal manometry findings
Authors: Chen Chien‐Lin , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Hsu Ching‐Sheng , Omari Taher I 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with non‐obstructive dysphagia (NOD) report symptoms of impaired esophageal bolus transit without evidence of bolus stasis. In such patients, manometric investigation may diagnose esophageal motility disorders; however, many have normal motor patterns. We hypothesized that patients with NOD would demonstrate evidence of high flow‐resistance during bolus passage which in turn would relate to the reporting of bolus hold up perception.MethodsEsophageal pressure‐impedance recordings of 5 mL liquid and viscous swallows from 18 NOD patients (11 male; 19–71 years) and 17 control subjects (9 male; 25–60 years) were analyzed. The relationship between intrabolus pressure and bolus flow timing in the esophagus was assessed using the pressure flow index (PFI). Bolus perception was assessed swallow by swallow using standardized descriptors.ResultsNOD patients were characterized by a higher PFI than controls. The PFI defined a pressure‐flow abnormality in all patients who appeared normal based on the assessment esophageal motor patterns and bolus clearance. The PFI was higher for individual swallows during which subjects reported perception of bolus passage.ConclusionBolus flow‐resistance is higher in NOD patients compared with controls as well as higher in relation to perception of bolus transit, suggesting the presence of an esophageal motility disorder despite normal findings on conventional analysis.
Medical treatment improves social behavior in a primate endometriosis model (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Arnold C. , Einspanier A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundAs endometriosis is known to be very painful in humans, therapeutic studies should consider pain‐related aspects in experimental animals too. In a previous study, we found that common marmosets suffering from endometriosis show remarkable deviations in social behavior and cognitive tasks.MethodsFemale marmosets with endometriosis undergoing medical treatment were tested vs. two control groups (healthy and endometriosis monkeys without treatment) concerning behavioral aspects, cognitive skills, and mobility.ResultsThe treated monkeys performed significant more social and self‐grooming, comfort behavior and were more active than the untreated endometriosis monkeys. The treated marmosets even returned to equal levels as their healthy conspecifics. Cognitive and mobility tests revealed no significant differences.ConclusionsA beneficial effect of the applied endometriosis medication on behavioral impairments could be obtained. Including such measurements in therapeutic research contributes to aspects of animal welfare and pain‐relieving potential of the tested compound.