bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent internal control failures: Examining multiple consecutive years of disclosing material weaknesses
Authors: Tian Tian , Mei Shujia , Tang Tammy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we analyze a sample of accelerated filers that have reported material weaknesses (MWs) in their internal controls for multiple consecutive years. The recent emphasis by the Securities and Exchange Commission on improving accounting and controls within public companies has led to heightened scrutiny of firms with ongoing MW disclosures. Analyzing data from 2004 to 2021, we find that approximately one‐third of MW observations are for 2 or more consecutive years, with the longest duration being 12 years. Our research shows that these firms face progressively higher audit fees and longer audit report lags for each additional year of MW disclosure. Firm–years with long‐standing MW disclosures (5 or more consecutive years) have the highest audit fees and the longest audit report lags. Our findings also reveal a significant increase in the likelihood of misstatements during the first and second consecutive years of MW disclosures, and a consistent and notable rise in discretionary accruals over the initial 4 consecutive years of MW reporting for these firms. Overall, our results highlight the financial repercussions for firms that do not promptly address MWs in their internal controls. These consequences include higher audit fees, extended audit report lags, and declining financial reporting quality.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts‐secreted exosomal miR‐92a‐3p promotes tumor growth and stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma through activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by suppressing AXIN1
Authors: Su Zenong , Lu Chao , Zhang Feifei , Liu Huan , Li Meiqing , Qiao Meng , Zou Xiaohong , Luo Danyang , Li Haojing , He Min , Se Han , Jing Jing , Wang Xiangcheng , Yang Hao , Yang Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component in the tumor microenvironment and have been shown to exhibit protumorigenic effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to delve into the mechanisms underlying the tumor‐promoting effects of CAFs in HCC. Small RNA sequencing was conducted to screen differential expressed microRNAs in exosomes derived from CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs). The miR‐92a‐3p expression was then measured using reverse transcriptase quantitative real‐time PCR in CAFs, NFs, CAFs‐derived exosomes (CAFs‐Exo), and NF‐derived exosomes (NFs‐Exo). Compared to NFs or NF‐Exo, CAFs and CAFs‐Exo significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and stemness. Additionally, compared to NFs or NF‐Exo, miR‐92a‐3p level was notably higher in CAFs and CAFs‐Exo, respectively. Exosomal miR‐92a‐3p was found to enhance HCC cell proliferation, migration, and stemness. Meanwhile, AXIN1 was targeted by miR‐92a‐3p. Exosomal miR‐92a‐3p could activate β‐catenin/CD44 signaling in HCC cells by inhibiting AXIN1 messenger RNA. Furthermore, in vivo studies verified that exosomal miR‐92a‐3p notably promoted tumor growth and stemness through targeting AXIN1/β‐catenin axis. Collectively, CAFs secreted exosomal miR‐92a‐3p was capable of promoting growth and stemness in HCC through activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by suppressing AXIN1. Therefore, targeting CAFs‐derived miR‐92a‐3p may be a potential strategy for treating HCC.
Leptin gene expression in the brain is associated with the physiological onset of estivation in western sand lance Ammodytes japonicus
Authors: Amiya Noriko , Nakano Nayu , Tanaka Chikaya , Hibino Shizuha , Takakura Ryota , Amano Masafumi , Yoshinaga Tatsuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDormancy is an essential ecological characteristic for the survival of organisms that experience harsh environments. Although factors that initiate dormancy vary, suppression or cessation of feeding activities are common among taxa. To distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic causes of metabolic reduction, we focused on estivation, which occurs in summer when the feeding activity is generally enhanced. Sand lances (genus Ammodytes) are a unique marine fish with a long estivation period from early summer to late autumn. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the control mechanisms of estivation in western sand lance (A. japonicus), and firstly examined behavioral changes in 8 months including a transition between active and dormant phases. We found that swimming/feeding behavior gradually decreased from June, and completely disappeared by late August, indicating all individuals had entered estivation. Next, we focused on leptin, known as a feeding suppression hormone in various organisms, and examined leptin‐A gene (AjLepA) expression in the brain that may regulate the seasonal behavioral pattern. AjLepA expression decreased after 7 days of fasting, suggesting that leptin has a function to regulate feeding in this species. The monthly expression dynamics of AjLepA during the feeding (active) and non‐feeding (estivation) periods showed that the levels gradually increased with the onset of estivation and reached its peak when all the experimental fish had estivated. The present study suggests that the suppression of feeding activity by leptin causes shift in the physiological modes of A. japonicus before estivation.
Metabolic and mitochondria alterations induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 accessory proteins ORF3a, ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10
Authors: López‐Ayllón Blanca D. , Marin Silvia , Fernández Marco Fariñas , García‐García Tránsito , Fernández‐Rodríguez Raúl , de Lucas‐Rius Ana , Redondo Natalia , Mendoza‐García Laura , Foguet Carles , Grigas Juozas , Calvet Alba , Villalba José Manuel , Gómez María Josefa Rodríguez , Megías Diego , Mandracchia Biagio , Luque Daniel , Lozano Juan José , Calvo Cristina , Herrán Unai Merino , Thomson Timothy M. , Garrido Juan J. , Cascante Marta , Montoya María 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntiviral signaling, immune response and cell metabolism are dysregulated by SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19. Here, we show that SARS‐CoV‐2 accessory proteins ORF3a, ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10 induce a significant mitochondrial and metabolic reprogramming in A549 lung epithelial cells. While ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10 induced largely overlapping transcriptomes, ORF3a induced a distinct transcriptome, including the downregulation of numerous genes with critical roles in mitochondrial function and morphology. On the other hand, all four ORFs altered mitochondrial dynamics and function, but only ORF3a and ORF9c induced a marked alteration in mitochondrial cristae structure. Genome‐Scale Metabolic Models identified both metabolic flux reprogramming features both shared across all accessory proteins and specific for each accessory protein. Notably, a downregulated amino acid metabolism was observed in ORF9b, ORF9c and ORF10, while an upregulated lipid metabolism was distinctly induced by ORF3a. These findings reveal metabolic dependencies and vulnerabilities prompted by SARS‐CoV‐2 accessory proteins that may be exploited to identify new targets for intervention.
Resonances of the d'Alembertian on the anti‐de Sitter space SOe(2,2)/SOe(2,1)$\mathop {\rm {SO_e}}(2,2)/\mathop {\rm {SO_e}}(2,1)$
Authors: Roby Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider the action of the d'Alembertian on functions on the pseudo‐Riemannian three‐dimensional anti‐de Sitter space. We determine the resonances of this operator. With each resonance one can associate a residue representation. We give an explicit description of these representations via Langlands parameters.
Wideband monostatic and bistatic radar cross‐section reductions using polarization conversion metasurface
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Cao Weiwei , Zhao Enhui , Li Dani , Shen Xiaopeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA high‐efficiency polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed and applied to radar cross section (RCS) reduction. The PCM can achieve cross‐polarization conversion with a polarization conversion ratio of over 97% from 13.9 to 30.3 GHz, covering K‐band. The low‐RCS antenna is designed from a circularly polarized patch antenna loading with the PCM. The antennas with and without PCM are fabricated and measured. The results show that the radiation performance is well preserved and the scattering performance is greatly improved. The average monostatic RCS reduction value reaches 14.6 dB in an ultra‐wideband from 12.2 to 30.2 GHz under normal incidence. What's more important, bistatic RCS is researched in detail and evident RCS reduction is achieved at different incidence angles. This research has potential applications in the field of stealth platform.
Ultra‐wideband radial space power combiner design
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhong Wenxu , Wang Jianyu , Liu Xia , Jun Wang , Lin Shuai , Gao Yong , Long Jiawei , Zhou Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel radial spatial power combiner based on the WRD650 standard double‐ridge waveguide has been proposed. The combiner exhibits a significant increase in operating bandwidth due to the utilization of the upper ridge taper and the lower ridge extension. The principle prototype is designed, processed, and tested. The test results show that the overall return loss of the dual‐ridge waveguide power combiner is better than −10 dB at the input port, and the insertion loss at each output port is better than −2 dB in the 6–18 GHz band, and the maximum phase difference at each port does not exceed 11°. Due to the limitations of the processing accuracy, the final overall synthesis efficiency is higher than 70%.
Investigations on the EPR g factors and local structures for the orthorhombic and tetragonal Cu2+ centers in Pb[Zr0.54Ti0.46]O3
Authors: Huang Xiaohua , Zhang Meiyun , Guo Fangfang , Cai Houdao , Zhou Xilin , Feng Cuidi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe defect models of the orthorhombical and tetragonal Cu2+ centers in Pb[Zr0.54Ti0.46]O3 are attributed to Cu2+ ions occupying the sixfold coordinated octahedral Ti4+ site with and without charge compensation, respectively. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) g factors gi (i = x, y, z) of the Cu2+ centers in Pb[Zr0.54Ti0.46]O3 are theoretically studied by using the perturbation formulas of a 3d9 ion under orthorhombically and tetragonally elongated octahedra. Based on the calculation, the impurity off‐center displacements are about 0.253 and 0.162 Å for the orthorhombical and tetragonal Cu2+ centers, respectively. Meanwhile, the planar Cu2+–O2− bonds are found to experience the relative variation ΔR (≈0.102 Å) along the a‐ and b‐axes for the orthorhombical Cu2+ center due to the Jahn–Teller (JT) effect. The theoretical EPR g factors based on the above local structures agree well with the observed values.
Deuterium MRI of serine metabolism in mouse models of glioblastoma
Authors: Hesse Friederike , Low Jacob , Cao Jianbo , Bulat Flaviu , Kreis Felix , Wright Alan J. , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeSerine is a major source of one‐carbon units needed for the synthesis of nucleotides and the production of intramitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and it plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to develop a deuterium (2H) MRS imaging method for imaging tumor serine metabolism.MethodsSequential (2H) spectra and spectroscopic images were used to monitor the metabolism of [2,3,3‐2H3]serine in patient‐derived glioblastoma cells in vitro and in tumors obtained by their orthotopic implantation in mouse brain.Results[14,14‐2H2] 5,10‐methylene‐tetrahydrofolate, [2H]glycine, [2H]formate, and labeled water were detected in cell suspensions and water labeling in spectroscopic images of tumors. Studies in cells and tumors with variable mitochondrial content and inhibitor studies in cells demonstrated that most of the labeled serine was metabolized in the mitochondria. Water labeling in the cell suspensions was correlated with formate labeling; therefore, water labeling observed in tumors could be used to provide a surrogate measure of flux in the pathway of one‐carbon metabolism in vivo.ConclusionThe method has the potential to be used clinically to select patients for treatment with inhibitors of one‐carbon metabolism and subsequently to detect their early responses to such treatment.
Blickpunkt Synthese: Ein nützlicher Antiaromat
Authors: Reinhold Marius , Walker Johannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyclobutadien, der kleinste Antiaromat, ist sehr reaktiv. Es herzustellen und präparativ zu nutzen ist nicht einfach, aber der Aufwand lohnt sich: Cyclobutadien eignet sich zum Beispiel für [4+2]‐Cycloadditionen, eine Cuban‐ und eine Naturstoffsynthese.
Fast ein Jubiläum: 99 Jahre Element 75
Authors: van Gerven David , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBis in das Jahr 1925 bestand Gruppe 7 des Periodensystems nur aus dem Element Mangan. Dann wies das Ehepaar Ida und Walter Noddack ein neues Element nach: Rhenium. Für substanzielle Mengen mussten sie – mit Unterstützung der Industrie – über 600 Kilogramm des Minerals Molybdänglanz aufarbeiten. Dass Rhenium einzigartig ist, zeigen Vergleiche mit seinen Homologen.
DNA‐Origami in der Biomedizin ‐ Trendbericht Biochemie 2024 (3/3)
Authors: Heuer‐Jungemann Amelie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemische Proteinsynthese: Neue Techniken in der Durchflusschemie und selektive Ligationsmethoden ermöglichen, komplexe und präzise modifizierte Peptide und Proteine für biologische Anwendungen herzustellen. Funktionelle Charakterisierung: Mit Methoden aus Mikrobiologie, chemischer Biologie und Biochemie untersuchen Forschende die molekulare Funktion bakterieller Enzyme des Mikrobioms und decken so deren Relevanz bei der Entwicklung von Darmerkrankungen auf. DNA‐Origami: Biomoleküle auf mikro‐ und nanoskopischer Ebene zu untersuchen soll helfen, neue Therapeutika zu entwickeln, herzustellen und an ihren Zielort zu bringen. Besonders die Interaktionen von Proteinen miteinander und mit Ligandenmolekülen sind dabei wichtig.
BMI and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID‐19: another brick in the wall of the obesity paradox
Authors: Perez Amanda Vilaverde , Viana Marina Verçoza , Dall'Orto Thomazini Ludmilla , Loss Sérgio Henrique , de Machado Fernanda Cassanta Richa , do Nascimento Aline Graziele , Kropidlofscky Amanda Pinto , Gerchman Fernando , Leitão Cristiane Bauermann , Rech Tatiana Helena , Pellegrini José Augusto Santos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the existence of the obesity paradox in patients with COVID‐19 admitted to the intensive care unit.MethodsThis was a multicentric retrospective cohort study including individuals aged 18 years or older admitted to the intensive care unit with SARS‐CoV‐2. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic splines analyses were conducted to assess the association between BMI and mortality.ResultsFrom March 2020 to December 2021, 977 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 868 were included in the analysis. Obesity was identified in 382 patients (44%). Patients with obesity more often underwent prone positioning (42% vs. 28%; p < 0.001), although they used less vasoactive medications (57% vs. 68%; p < 0.001). The overall in‐hospital mortality was 48%, with 44% observed in the subgroup of individuals with obesity and 50% in those without obesity (p = 0.06). Patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 had the highest mortality.ConclusionsObesity was not associated with higher mortality rates in critically ill patients with COVID‐19. Moreover, patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 had a higher mortality rate compared with those in higher BMI categories.
Surface engineering of textile structural composites with ZnO nanorods and graphene nanofillers for aircrew helmet applications
Authors: Singh Omender , Behera B. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to augment the properties of interfibre interfaces through surface treatment with ZnO nanorods while simultaneously modifying the matrix with graphene nanoplatelets. The strategic approach of this research focused on synergizing these interventions to enhance the mesomechanical, and macromechanical properties, which are specifically targeted at improving the performance of aircrew helmets. This study investigated the effectiveness of these enhancements in improving the mechanical performance of aircrew helmets. The synergy of integrating ZnO nanorods and doped GNPs into Kevlar fabric resulted in a 29% increase in impact energy absorption compared to that of the standard Kevlar composite. Furthermore, the composite samples underwent thorough analysis through techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The findings indicate that incorporating 1% graphene nanofillers into Kevlar during the fourth seed cycle of ZnO treatment yields favorable mechanical performance characteristics. SEM at 50 KX magnification provided detailed visualization of the ZnO nanorods grafted onto the fabric substrates, with subsequent evaluation of the morphological damage and fractography of the impacted composites. The findings of this research hold significance for advancing the understanding of composite material behavior under impact loads and contribute to ongoing efforts to enhance the durability and performance of structural composites in diverse applications.Highlights
Synergistic treatment with ZnO nanorods and graphene nanoplatelets boosted Kevlar composite properties for aircrew helmets.
Adding 1% graphene during ZnO treatment increased impact energy absorption by 29%.
Comprehensive analysis validated treatment efficacy, showing substantial mechanical improvements.
The research advances composite understanding, paving the way for durable, high‐performance materials for applications like aircrew helmets.
Enhanced dielectric properties of nanocomposites with cyanoethyl cellulose and core‐shell structured BaTiO3@Al2O3 fillers
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Cheng Sen , Ye Zi , Lu Chunhua , Guo Kai , Zhu Ning , Hu Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe interface between the polymer matrix and inorganic fillers plays a determinative role in dielectric properties of the composites. In this work, dielectric composites containing core‐shell structured BaTiO3@Al2O3 (BT@AO) nanoparticles and cyano functionalized cellulose (cyanoethyl cellulose, CEC) were prepared to achieve enhanced interface and dielectric properties. With the wide bandgap Al2O3 (AO) shell, the carrier motion inspired by elevating electric filed and temperature was significantly impeded in the composites. Meanwhile, the moderate dielectric constant and surface energy of AO shell between CEC and BaTiO3 (BT) alleviated the inhomogeneous local electric field distribution and improve the interfacial compatibility between inorganic filler and CEC matrix. As a result, enhanced dielectric properties including restrained dielectric loss (0.23 for BT@AO/CEC versus 0.51 for BT/CEC at 100 Hz), suppressed conductivity, increased breakdown strength and improved dielectric constant were accessed in the BT@AO/CEC composites. The excellent thermal conductivity of AO also offered the composites with additional advantage of low electrical conductivity at high temperature of 100°C (1.56 × 10−10 S/cm) exhibiting two orders of magnitude smaller than that of pure CEC.Highlights
Core‐shell structured BaTiO3@Al2O3 were prepared and incorporated into cyanoethylated cellulose to yield flexible nanocomposites.
Carrier motion was significantly restricted by the wide band gap of Al2O3 shell.
Enhanced interfacial compatibility was accessed in the BaTiO3@Al2O3/CEC composite.
Improved dielectric properties and thermal conductivity were achieved.
Modulation of programmed death‐ligand 1 expression to augment sensitivity to atezolizumab in breast cancer cells through nonthermal air gas plasma
Authors: Borkar Shweta B. , Patel Paritosh , Negi Manorma , Acharya Tirtha Raj , Kaushik Neha , Choi Eun Ha , Kaushik Nagendra K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aggressiveness and limited treatment options make triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) a challenging condition to treat. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy, explicitly targeting the programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway, is a promising therapeutic approach. However, the effectiveness of PD‐L1 inhibitors like atezolizumab depends on adequate PD‐L1 expression within cancer cells. To this end, this study used nonthermal plasma (NTP) to modulate PD‐L1 in TNBC cells. The current investigation revealed that NTP treatment leads to an upregulation of PD‐L1; this might increase the availability of PD‐L1 to PD‐L1 inhibitors. These findings suggest that shortly NTP could be used as an adjunctive treatment to immunotherapy in TNBC cells.
Detection of Salmonella and Escherichia coli along the Fish Value Chain in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalew Temesgen Sendekie , Tarekegn Habtamu Tassew , Ayalew Belayneh Getachew 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFish is a possible source of foodborne infections with Salmonella and Escherichia coli. This study was conducted to identify Salmonella and E. coli along the fish value chain in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was undertaken with purposive sampling. A total of 121 specimens comprising fresh fish, retailing fish, filleted and cooked fish, swabs, and water samples were collected. Both culture based and molecular methods were used for detection.ResultsE. coli isolated from 41 (33.88%) and Salmonella from 6 (4.96%) specimen. The highest E. coli isolation rate was from retailing fish 16 (80%), whereas the highest Salmonella isolation rate from filleted tissue 2 (20%). At restaurants, 12 (30%) samples were positive for E. coli and 3 (7.50%) for Salmonella. All 41 E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, whereas no resistance was shown for gentamicin and amikacin. Two thirds of Salmonella isolate and 95.12% of E. coli were detected as they develop multidrug resistance. The highest rate of resistance was recorded for ceftazidime against all (n = 6) isolates of Salmonella species. From a total of 10 E. coli isolates tested by PCR, 4 were positive for hemolysin A1 and/or eae virulence genes.ConclusionsThe study detects the potential biological hazards along the value chain. Hygiene of fish handlers and their working environment and proper fish cooking are highly valuable. One health campaign should be carried out on drug resistance, contamination of the lake, and fish safety.