bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect and direct effects of salinity on the quantity and quality of total amino acids in Ulva ohnoi (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Angell Alex R. , Mata Leonardo , de Nys Rocky , Paul Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2015

Salinity can affect the quantity and quality of total amino acids (TAAs) in seaweeds indirectly by altering growth rates and thereby diluting or concentrating the amino acid content of the biomass, or directly by altering the synthesis of specific amino acids and osmolytes. This study attempted to partition the indirect and direct effects of salinity on the quantity and quality of TAAs in the green seaweed Ulva ohnoi by culturing it under a range of salinities without nutrient limitation. Both the quantity and quality of TAAs varied across the salinity treatments. Quantity was most strongly related to the growth rate of the seaweed and was highest in the slowest growing seaweed. In contrast, the quality of TAAs (individual amino acids as a proportion of total content) was most strongly related to salinity for all amino acids, although this varied substantially among individual amino acids. Increases in salinity were positively correlated with the proportion of proline (46% increase), tyrosine (36% increase), and histidine (26% increase), whereas there was a negative correlation with alanine (29% decrease). The proportion of methionine, with strong links to the synthesis of the osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate, did not correlate linearly with salinity and instead was moderately higher at the optimal salinities for growth. These results show that salinity simultaneously affects the quantity and quality of TAAs in seaweed through both indirect and direct mechanisms, with growth rates playing the overarching role in determining the quantity of TAAs.
Relation between chemotaxis and consumption of amino acids in bacteria
Authors: Yang Yiling , M. Pollard Abiola , Höfler Carolin , Poschet Gernot , Wirtz Markus , Hell Rüdiger , Sourjik Victor 
Published: March 2015

SummaryChemotaxis enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients in their environment, accumulating toward high concentrations of attractants and avoiding high concentrations of repellents. Although finding nutrients is likely to be an important function of bacterial chemotaxis, not all characterized attractants are nutrients. Moreover, even for potential nutrients, the exact relation between the metabolic value of chemicals and their efficiency as chemoattractants has not been systematically explored. Here we compare the chemotactic response of amino acids with their use by bacteria for two well‐established models of chemotactic behavior, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. We demonstrate that in E. coli chemotaxis toward amino acids indeed strongly correlates with their utilization. However, no such correlation is observed for B. subtilis, suggesting that in this case, the amino acids are not followed because of their nutritional value but rather as environmental cues.
Conodonts from the Early Triassic microbialite of Guangxi (South China): implications for the definition of the base of the Triassic System
Authors: Brosse Morgane , Bucher Hugo , Bagherpour Borhan , Baud Aymon , Frisk Åsa M. , Guodun Kuang , Goudemand Nicolas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe describe a new Early Triassic (Griesbachian) succession of conodont faunas from a high‐resolution sampling of the basal Early Triassic microbial limestone and the base of the overlying unit at the Wuzhuan section (Nanpanjiang Basin, Guangxi, South China). The microbial limestone records the earliest phase of the Early Triassic biotic recovery after the end‐Permian mass extinction. For the first time, rich conodont faunas are reported from within the microbialite. The faunas from Wuzhuan are largely dominated by anchignathodontids, including several Isarcicella species, which were previously documented only from strata above the microbialite. A total of 14 conodont species assigned to three genera is recorded from the Wuzhuan section. Starting from the base of the microbialite upwards, several species are sequentially added to the conodont assemblage. The alpha diversity peaks at the top of the microbialite. The conodont record in the considered microbialite interval at Wuzhuan is presumably unaffected by local ecological changes. It therefore more likely represents an evolutionary rather than an ecological pattern. We compare the Wuzhuan's conodont record with a well‐supported phylogenetic model and suggest that the sequence of first occurrences at Wuzhuan is the closest to the ‘true’ sequence of evolutionary events that took place during this Griesbachian radiation of anchignathodontids. Based on comparisons with the GSSP section at Meishan, we suggest further that the first occurrence of Hindeodus parvus in Meishan does not correspond to its first appearance datum.
A successful nationwide implementation of the ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme in Brazilian elementary schools
Authors: Fuller Colin W , Thiele Edilson S , Flores Manoel , Junge Astrid , Netto Diogo , Dvorak Jiri 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo deliver a nationwide implementation of the ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme in Brazil and to compare the outcomes with results obtained previously in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodA cohort study among 3694 Brazilian children aged 9–12 years within 128 elementary schools situated in 12 cities in the five Regions of Brazil. The ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme contains 11 90 min sessions: the first 45 min serve to encourage physical activity through the development of football skills (Play Football) and the second 45 min provide a vehicle for delivering 10 health messages (Play Fair). We measured preintervention and postintervention health knowledge (29-item questionnaire) and the children's evaluation of the programme (6-item questionnaire).ResultsMean age of the children across the five Regions was 10.6 years (range 9.2–11.6). The mean preintervention health knowledge score for the five Regions was 60.2% (range 53.8–65.3%); the mean postintervention score was 78.6% (range 70.7–86.8%); thus the mean increase in health knowledge was 18.4% (range 13.6–29.1%). 91% of the children gave a positive evaluation for the programme (range across five Regions: 82.3–96.7%).SummaryThe study showed that the ‘FIFA 11 for Health’ programme, which was originally developed in English and translated into another language, was delivered successfully with results equivalent to those previously obtained in Sub-Saharan Africa. The programme was effective across the five Regions of Brazil.
The labour market, psychosocial outcomes and health conditions in cancer survivors: protocol for a nationwide longitudinal survey 2 and 5 years after cancer diagnosis (the VICAN survey)
Authors: Bouhnik Anne-Deborah , Bendiane Marc-Karim , Cortaredona Sebastien , Sagaon Teyssier Luis , Rey Dominique , Berenger Cyril , Seror Valerie , Peretti-Watel Patrick ,   members of the VICAN Group
Published: March 2015

IntroductionToday, a growing need exists for greater research into cancer survivorship, focusing on different spheres of the day-to-day life of diagnosed patients. This article describes the design and implementation of VICAN (VIe après le CANcer), a national survey on French cancer survivors.Method and analysisThe target population included patients aged 18–82, diagnosed with cancer between January and June 2010, and registered in one of the three main French Health Insurance Schemes. It was restricted to 12 tumour sites. Sampling was stratified using a non-proportional allocation, based on age at diagnosis (18–52 and 53–82) and tumour site. Data were collected from telephone interviews with patients 2 and 5 years after diagnosis, a medical survey completed by the physician who initiated cancer treatment, and information from the national medicoadministrative database on reimbursement data and hospital discharge records. First data collection, 2 years after diagnosis, occurred between March and December 2012. Second data collection, 5 years after diagnosis, will be conducted in 2015. Analyses will be conducted on various outcomes: quality of life, health status and psychosocial conditions, with a particular focus on the impact of cancer diagnosis on the labour market. The variety of measurements included in the survey will enable us to control a wide range of factors.Ethics and disseminationThe methodology of the VICAN survey was approved by three national ethics commissions. Results of the study will be disseminated through national and international research conferences, and in articles published in international peer-reviewed journals.
Why do patients with multimorbidity in England report worse experiences in primary care? Evidence from the General Practice Patient Survey
Authors: Paddison Charlotte A M , Saunders Catherine L , Abel Gary A , Payne Rupert A , Campbell John L , Roland Martin 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo describe and explain the primary care experiences of people with multiple long-term conditions in England.Design and methodsUsing questionnaire data from 906 578 responders to the English 2012 General Practice Patient Survey, we describe the primary care experiences of patients with long-term conditions, including 583 143 patients who reported one or more long-term conditions. We employed mixed effect logistic regressions to analyse data on six items covering three care domains (access, continuity and communication) and a single item on overall primary care experience. We controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, and for general practice using a random effect, and further, controlled for, and explored the importance of, health-related quality of life measured using the EuroQoL (EQ-5D) scale.ResultsMost patients with long-term conditions report a positive experience of care at their general practice (after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and general practice, range 74.0–93.1% reporting positive experience of care across seven questions) with only modest variation by type of condition. For all three domains of patient experience, an increasing number of comorbid conditions is associated with a reducing percentage of patients reporting a positive experience of care. For example, compared with respondents with no long-term condition, the OR for reporting a positive experience is 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.87) for respondents with four or more long-term conditions. However, this relationship is no longer observed after adjusting for health-related quality of life (OR (95% CI) single condition=1.23 (1.21 to 1.26); four or more conditions=1.31 (1.25 to 1.37)), with pain making the greatest difference among five quality of life variables included in the analysis.ConclusionsPatients with multiple long-term conditions more frequently report worse experiences in primary care. However, patient-centred measures of health-related quality of life, especially pain, are more important than the number of conditions in explaining why patients with multiple long-term conditions report worse experiences of care.
Can a theoretical framework help to embed alcohol screening and brief interventions in an endoscopy day-unit?
Authors: O'Neill G , Masson S , Bewick L , Doyle J , McGovern R , Stoker E , Wright H , Newbury-Birch D 
Published: March 2015

Introduction and aimsThe National Institute for Health Care and Excellence recommend that alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI) should be routinely implemented in secondary care. This study used theoretical frameworks to understand how health professionals can be supported to adapt their behaviour and clinical practice.Design and methodsStaff training and support was conducted using theoretical frameworks. A 12-week study, delivering ASBI was carried out as part of routine practice in an endoscopy day-unit. Anonymised patient data were collected using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) and whether patients received a brief intervention. Staff completed the Shortened Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perceptions Questionnaire at three time points and took part in a focus group both pre and post study.ResultsFor staff, levels or role adequacy, role legitimacy, motivation to discuss alcohol, security in their role, job satisfaction and commitment to working with patients who drink increased during the time of the study. 1598 individual patients were seen in the department in the timeframe. Of these, 1180 patients were approached (74%); 18% (n=207) of patients were AUDIT positive.DiscussionThis study has shown that it is possible to reach a high number of patients in a busy hospital out-patient department and deliver ASBI by working with staff using theoretical frameworks for training. Embedding evidence-based public health interventions into routine clinical environments is complex. The social system in which professionals operate requires consideration alongside individual professionals’ real and perceived barriers and facilitators to change.
An Instrumented Minimally Invasive Surgical Tool: Design and Calibration
Authors: Roan Philip R. , Wright Andrew S. , Lendvay Thomas S. , Sinanan Mika N. , Hannaford Blake 
Published: March 2015

Minimally invasive surgical procedures have improved the standard of patient care by reducing recovery time, chance of infection, and scarring. A recent review estimates that leaks occur in 3% to 6% of bowel anastomoses, resulting in “increased morbidity and mortality and adversely [affecting] length of stay, cost, and cancer recurrence” [23]. Many of these leaks are caused by poor handling and ischemic tissue.Detecting a change in temperature can indicate ischemic tissue. The optical absorption spectrum of a tissue can be used to detect tissue oxygen concentration and tissue ischemia. The electrical impedance of tissue changes as ischemia progresses.This article describes the development of a minimally invasive surgical tool with integrated sensors for replicating ischemia detection measurements during routine manipulation of the tissue. To be useful, this tool should be feasible for use in a real operating room, providing real-time feedback and diagnosis to the surgeon. The design of the tool and choice of the sensors leverages existing work in physiological measurements and surgical tool design.The tool includes a thermistor for measuring the temperature, four LEDs and a photodiode for measuring local optical absorption, and four electrodes for measuring the electrical impedance. The sensors are located on a 7 mm square sensor head, which is mounted to a minimally invasive grasper. A strain gauge and optical encoder monitor the applied force and position of the tool, and a motor controls both. This allows the tool to control the tool-tissue interface. Sensor accuracy has been validated through calibration.
Adolescent and Early Adulthood Dietary Carbohydrate Quantity and Quality in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Farvid Maryam S. , Eliassen A. Heather , Cho Eunyoung , Chen Wendy Y. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background: We investigated quantity and quality of dietary carbohydrate as well as insulin load and insulin index during adolescence and also early adulthood in relation to risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study II.
Methods: During 20 years of follow-up of 90,534 premenopausal women who completed a diet questionnaire in 1991, 2,833 invasive breast cancer cases were documented. In 1998, 44,263 of these women also completed a questionnaire about their diet during high school; among these women, we documented 1,118 cases of breast cancer. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for breast cancer across categories of dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), as well as insulin load and insulin index scores.
Results: Adolescent or early adult intakes of GI or GL were not associated with risk of breast cancer. Comparing women in the highest versus lowest quintile, the multivariable-adjusted RRs were 1.14 (0.95–1.38) for adolescent GI scores and 1.03 (0.91–1.16) for early adulthood GI scores. We also did not observe associations with insulin index and insulin load scores in adolescence or early adulthood and breast cancer risk.
Conclusions: We found that diets high in GI, GL, insulin index, and insulin load during adolescence or early adulthood were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in this cohort study.
Impact: Diets with a high glucose or insulin response in adolescence or early adulthood were not significant predictors of breast cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(7); 1111–20. ©2015 AACR.
Biologic Activity of Autologous, Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Secreting Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma and Clear Cell Sarcoma Vaccines
Authors: Goldberg John M. , Fisher David E. , Demetri George D. , Neuberg Donna , Allsop Stephen A. , Fonseca Catia , Nakazaki Yukoh , Nemer David , Raut Chandrajit P. , George Suzanne , Morgan Jeffrey A. , Wagner Andrew J. , Freeman Gordon J. , Ritz Jerome , Lezcano Cecilia , Mihm Martin , Canning Christine , Hodi F. Stephen , Dranoff Glenn 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) and clear cell sarcoma (CCS) are rare mesenchymal malignancies driven by chromosomal translocations that activate members of the microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) family. However, in contrast to malignant melanoma, little is known about their immunogenicity. To learn more about the host response to ASPS and CCS, we conducted a phase I clinical trial of vaccination with irradiated, autologous sarcoma cells engineered by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to secrete granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
Experimental Design: Metastatic tumors from ASPS and CCS patients were resected, processed to single-cell suspensions, transduced with a replication-defective adenoviral vector encoding GM-CSF, and irradiated. Immunizations were administered subcutaneously and intradermally weekly three times and then every other week.
Results: Vaccines were successfully manufactured for 11 of the 12 enrolled patients. Eleven subjects received from three to 13 immunizations. Toxicities were restricted to grade 1–2 skin reactions at inoculation sites. Vaccination elicited local dendritic cell infiltrates and stimulated T cell–mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to irradiated, autologous tumor cells. Antibody responses to tissue-type plasminogen activator (tTPA) and angiopoietins-1/2 were detected. Tumor biopsies showed programmed death-1 (PD-1)–positive CD8+ T cells in association with PD ligand-1 (PD-L1)–expressing sarcoma cells. No tumor regressions were observed.
Conclusions: Vaccination with irradiated, GM-CSF–secreting autologous sarcoma cell vaccines is feasible, safe, and biologically active. Concurrent targeting of angiogenic cytokines and antagonism of the PD-1–negative regulatory pathway might intensify immune-mediated tumor destruction. Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3178–86. ©2015 AACR.
Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Physician/Pharmacist Collaborative Model to Improve Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Carter Barry L. , Coffey Christopher S. , Ardery Gail , Uribe Liz , Ecklund Dixie , James Paul , Egan Brent , Weg Mark Vander , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Vaughn Thomas 
Published: March 2015

Background—
The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a physician/pharmacist collaborative model would be implemented as determined by improved blood pressure (BP) control in primary care medical offices with diverse geographic and patient characteristics and whether long-term BP control could be sustained.

Methods and Results—

Prospective, cluster-randomized trial of 32 primary care offices stratified and randomized to control, 9-month intervention (brief), and 24-month intervention (sustained). We enrolled 625 subjects with uncontrolled hypertension; 54% from racial/ethnic minority groups and 50% with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. The primary outcome of BP control at 9 months was 43% in intervention offices (n=401) compared with 34% in the control group (n=224; adjusted odds ratio, 1.57 [95% confidence interval, 0.99–2.50];
P
=0.059). The adjusted difference in mean systolic/diastolic BP between the intervention and control groups for all subjects at 9 months was −6.1/−2.9 mm Hg (
P
=0.002 and
P
=0.005, respectively), and it was −6.4/−2.9 mm Hg (
P
=0.009 and
P
=0.044, respectively) in subjects from racial or ethnic minorities. BP control and mean BP were significantly improved in subjects from racial minorities in intervention offices at 18 and 24 months (
P
=0.048 to
P
<0.001) compared with the control group.

Conclusions—
Although the results of the primary outcome (BP control) were negative, the key secondary end point (mean BP) was significantly improved in the intervention group. Thus, the findings for secondary end points suggest that team-based care using clinical pharmacists was implemented in diverse primary care offices and BP was reduced in subjects from racial minority groups.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00935077.
‘What is Language but a Sound We Christen?’ Poetic Retellings as an Improper Surprise for Biblical Reception History
Authors: Tongue Samuel 
Published: March 2015

Although overtly poetic interaction with biblical material has often been deemed beyond the pale in critical biblical scholarship, much work in reception history now positions such literature as part of the afterlife of a biblical text. While this is a welcome turn, this article argues that acts of poetic biblical retelling and recycling are more disruptive, troubling the ways in which critical scholarship operates. Utilising Timothy Beal’s thinking around the ‘cultural history of scripture’ and analysing Roland Boer’s sceptical attitude toward reception-historical practices, the first section teases out the nuances of how certain modes of biblical interpretation are deemed primary (and thus more legitimate) and others secondary (and thus anachronistic). As such, the second section introduces poetic retellings of biblical material that foreground how poetry is a literary space where knowledge is articulated in particularly performative idioms. Reading poems from Kei Miller and Michael Symmons Roberts that appropriate biblical material, this analysis demonstrates that the poetic retelling of biblical material is an act of writing that refuses secondary status and cannot be simplistically yoked to traditional modes of exegesis. In this way, poetry problematizes the originary-secondary binary in reception-historical interpretation and, at the same time, recasts historical-critical exegesis as another form of ‘supplemental’ writing. This opens up the discipline to rethink some of its most protected interpretative paradigms and engage more fully with other forms of biblical ‘supplement’ across the disciplines.