bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Student Confidence in Using Group Work Standards
Authors: Macgowan Mark J. , Wong Stephen E. 
Published: May 2015

Objective: This is a replication of a study that examined the effects of teaching foundation competencies in group work to social work students and assessed their self-confidence in applying these skills. This study improves on the first by utilizing a controlled design. Method: Twenty-six master of social work students were taught group work competencies derived from the International Association for the Advancement of Social Work with Groups’ (IASWG) Standards for Social Work Practice with Groups using didactic activities and micro-skill exercises. Students were assessed 4 times on their confidence in group work competencies using a validated 70-item inventory. Group work skills were divided into three blocks and taught successively in an abbreviated multiple-baseline design. Results: The t-tests indicated significant increases in confidence ratings after training on the respective skills but not before skills training. Conclusion: The results provide additional support for the effectiveness of the teaching approach in building student confidence in using IASWG Standards.
Patients’ and Family Members’ Decision-Making and Information Disclosure Preferences in a Single-Center Survey in China
Authors: Wei Shanshan , Chen Fanglin , Chen Hongyan , Guo Ying , Hui David , Yennurajalingam Sriram , Chisholm Gary , Liu En , Liao Zhongli , Yang Li , Cheng Heng , Zhou Yuanyuan , Guo Hong , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: May 2015

Background: Understanding the medical decision-making and information disclosure preferences is important for care quality. Objectives: To examine the feasibility of using the questionnaires and to identify modifications needed in the following study. Design: Thirty-three pairs of patients with advanced cancers and their caregivers were asked to complete the questionnaires. Results: More than 60% of patients and caregivers had an educational level of middle school and below. The active, passive, or shared decision-making preferences for patients were 33.3%, 39.4%, and 27.3%, respectively. Twenty of 33 patients and 24 of 33 caregivers misunderstood the questions. Conclusions: Low educational levels may be the reason for poor understanding imprecision. It is necessary to use the modification version of the questionnaires in developing countries.
Acute hemolytic vascular inflammatory processes are prevented by nitric oxide replacement or a single dose of hydroxyurea
Authors: Almeida Camila Bononi , Souza Lucas Eduardo Botelho , Leonardo Flavia Costa , Costa Fabio Trindade Maranhão , Werneck Claudio C. , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Costa Fernando Ferreira , Conran Nicola 
Published: May 2015

Key PointsHemolytic processes induce rapid systemic and vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice that is abolished by a single dose of hydroxyurea (HU). HU exerts some NO-dependent effects and should be investigated as an acute treatment of SCD and for other hemolytic disorders.
2p15-p16.1 microdeletions encompassing and proximal to BCL11A are associated with elevated HbF in addition to neurologic impairment
Authors: Funnell Alister P. W. , Prontera Paolo , Ottaviani Valentina , Piccione Maria , Giambona Antonino , Maggio Aurelio , Ciaffoni Fiorella , Stehling-Sun Sandra , Marra Manuela , Masiello Francesca , Varricchio Lilian , Stamatoyannopoulos John A. , Migliaccio Anna R. , Papayannopoulou Thalia 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
Elevation of HbF in 3 patients heterozygous for distinct 2p15-p16.1 syndrome microdeletions affecting BCL11A. Identification of novel, putative regulatory elements downstream of BCL11A that govern its expression in erythroid cells.
Salivary gland ultrasonography: a highly specific tool for the early diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Baldini Chiara , Luciano Nicoletta , Tarantini Gaia , Pascale Rachele , Sernissi Francesca , Mosca Marta , Caramella Davide , Bombardieri Stefano 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Recently, a great interest has arisen for salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) as a valuable tool for the assessment of major salivary gland involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS. The aims of this study were to test the accuracy of SGUS for the early detection of pSSand to compare the diagnostic performance of SGUS with minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) and unstimulated salivary flow (USFR) in this context.

Method
Patients with suspected pSS and symptoms duration of ≤5 years were consecutively enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of pSS was made according to the AECG criteria. SGUS was performed by two radiologists blinded to the diagnosis and a previously reported ultrasound scoring system (De Vita et al. 1992, cut-off ≥ 1) was used to grade the echostructure alterations of the salivary glands. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v16.

Results
This study included 50 pSS patients and 57 controls with no-SS sicca symptoms. The mean(SD) age of the pSS group was lower than non-SS group (47(13) vs 53(12)yrs, p = 0.006). No further differences between the two groups were observed. Patients with pSS showed a significantly higher SGUS score in comparison with controls (mean(SD) = 2.1(1.8) vs 0.0(0.4), p = 0.000). The SGUS cut-off ≥ 1 showed a sensitivity (SE) of 66 %, a specificity (SP) of 98 %, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97 % and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 73 % for pSS diagnosis. The SGUS score correlated also with patients’ MSGB/FS and USFR.

Conclusions
This study confirmed the good performance of SGUS for the early non-invasive diagnosis of pSS. Further research in larger international cohort of patients is mandatory in order to assess the role of SGUS in the diagnostic algorithm of pSS.
Efficacy of autologous stem cell-based therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in sickle cell disease: a five-year follow-up study
Authors: Daltro Gildasio Cerqueira , Fortuna Vitor , de Souza Eliane Silva , Salles Marcela Miranda , Carreira Ana Claudia , Meyer Roberto , Freire Songeli Menezes , Borojevic Radovan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Stem cell therapy with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is an option for improving joint function in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) numbers and their osteogenic differentiation are decreased in patients with ONFH. However, whether this decrease also extends to the early stages of ONFH in sickle cell disease (SCD) is still unclear.

Methods
We conducted a phase I/II, non-controlled study to determine efficacy and safety of BMMC implantation using a minimally invasive technique in SCD patients with ONFH. Eighty-nine patients were recruited and followed up for 60 months after surgery. Clinical and radiographic findings were assessed, and data were completed by in vitro analysis.

Results
At the final follow-up (60 months) there was a significant improvement in clinical joint symptoms and pain relief as measured by the Harris Hip Score (P = 0.0005). In addition, after the BMMC implantation procedure, radiographic assessment showed disease stabilization and only 3.7 % of the treated patients did not achieve a satisfactory clinical result. The amount of fibroblast colony-forming units was 28.2 ± 13.9 per 1 million BMMCs after concentration. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly higher number of hematopoietic stem/endothelial progenitor cell markers in concentrated BMMCs when compared with bone marrow aspirate, indicating an enrichment of these cell types. Isolated MSCs from SCD patients with pre-collapse ONFH maintained the replicative capacity without significant loss of their specific biomolecular characteristics, multi-differentiation potential, and osteogenic differentiation activities. Cytokines and growth factors (interleukin-8, transforming growth factor-beta, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor) that mediate endogenous bone regeneration were also produced by expanded MSCs from SCD patients.

Conclusion
The autologous BMMC implantation with a minimally invasive technique resulted in significant pain relief and halted the progression of early stages of ONFH in SCD patients. MSCs from SCD patients display biological properties that may add to the efficiency of surgical treatment in ONFH. In summary, our results indicate that infusion of BMMCs enriched with stem/progenitor cells is a safe and effective treatment for the early stages of ONFH in SCD patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02448121; registered 15 May 2015.
Fluorescent Ly6G antibodies determine macrophage phagocytosis of neutrophils and alter the retrieval of neutrophils in mice
Authors: Bucher Kirsten , Schmitt Fee , Autenrieth Stella E , Dillmann Inken , Nürnberg Bernd , Schenke-Layland Katja , Beer-Hammer Sandra 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Fluorescently labeled Ly6G antibodies enable the tracking of neutrophils in mice, whereas purified anti-Ly6G rapidly depletes neutrophils from the circulation. The mechanisms underlying neutrophil depletion are still under debate. Here, we examined how identical Ly6G antibodies coupled to different fluorochromes affect neutrophil fate in vivo. BM cells stained with Ly6G antibodies were injected into mice. The number of retrieved anti-Ly6G-FITC+ cells was reduced significantly in comparison with anti-Ly6G-APC+ or anti-Ly6G-PE+ cells. Flow cytometry and multispectral imaging flow cytometry analyses revealed that anti-Ly6G-FITC+ neutrophils were preferentially phagocytosed by BMMs in vitro and by splenic, hepatic, and BM macrophages in vivo. Direct antibody injection of anti-Ly6G-FITC but not anti-Ly6G-PE depleted neutrophils to the same degree as purified anti-Ly6G, indicating that the FITC-coupled antibody eliminates neutrophils by a similar mechanism as the uncoupled antibody. With the use of a protein G-binding assay, we demonstrated that APC and PE but not FITC coupling inhibited access to interaction sites on the anti-Ly6G antibody. We conclude the following: 1) that neutrophil phagocytosis by macrophages is a central mechanism in anti-Ly6G-induced neutrophil depletion and 2) that fluorochrome-coupling can affect functional properties of anti-Ly6G antibodies, thereby modifying macrophage uptake of Ly6G-labeled neutrophils and neutrophil retrieval following adoptive cell transfer or injection of fluorescent anti-Ly6G.
Myocardial Fat Accumulation Is Independent of Measures of Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Muniyappa Ranganath , Noureldin Radwa , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Liu Elizabeth Y. , Madan Ritu , Abel Brent S. , Mullins Katherine , Walter Mary F. , Skarulis Monica C. , Gharib Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2015

Background:
Myocardial steatosis, an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction, is frequently present in type 2 diabetes mellitus. High free fatty acid flux, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in myocardial steatosis. There are no prior studies examining the relationship between insulin sensitivity (antilipolytic and glucose disposal actions of insulin) and cardiac steatosis.

Objective:
Using a cross-sectional study design of individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), we examined the relationships between cardiac steatosis and the sensitivity of the antilipolytic and glucose disposal actions of insulin.

Methods:
Pericardial fat (PF) volume, intramyocardial and hepatic fat (MF and HF) content, visceral fat (VF) and sc fat content were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in 77 subjects (49 without MetSyn and 28 with MetSyn). In a subset of the larger cohort (n = 52), peripheral insulin sensitivity index (SI) and adipocyte insulin sensitivity (Adipo-SI) were determined from an insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test. The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index was used as a surrogate for hepatic insulin sensitivity.

Results:
Individuals with the MetSyn had significantly higher body mass index, total body fat, and MF, PF, HF, and VF content. HF and VF, but not MF, were negatively correlated with the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, Adipo-SI, and SI. Stepwise regression revealed that waist circumference and serum triglyceride levels independently predicted MF and PF, respectively. Adipo-SI and serum triglyceride levels independently predict HF.

Conclusion:
Myocardial steatosis is unrelated to hepatic, adipocyte, or peripheral insulin sensitivity. Although it is frequently observed in insulin-resistant subjects, further studies are necessary to identify and delineate pathogenic mechanisms that differentially affect cardiac and hepatic steatosis.
Phylogenies from concatenated data: Is the end nigh?
Authors: Pirie Michael D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGene trees from independent molecular markers often differ. Simple data matrix concatenation cannot represent the various biologically meaningful processes that underlie these differences, and in an age of high‐throughput DNA sequencing and coalescent‐based species tree inference methods, the approach seems increasingly quaint. I argue that concatenation still has its place in our suite of approaches, but that care should be taken when deciding which data might be combined under what circumstances. I present recommendations for avoiding the worst pitfalls of the approach.
A genus‐level phylogenetic linear sequence of monocots
Authors: Trias-Blasi Anna , Baker William J. , Haigh Anna L. , Simpson David A. , Weber Odile , Wilkin Paul 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper provides an up‐to‐date linear sequence of monocot families and genera (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) based on current phylogenetic evidence. The sequence is provided in a numbered list of each of the 1225 genera in 75 monocot families, together with a complementary alphabetical list. The sequence represents a standardized tool for the organisation of monocot herbarium collections.
Living authors: On the authenticity of Israeli rockers
Authors: Dorchin Uri 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
‘Authenticity’ is a term often used loosely to evaluate musicians and products vis-à-vis social orders and genre conventions. Alternately, I claim that authenticity is better understood as a quality that arises from the experience of engagement between audiences, performers and musical products. My discussion focuses on one case study: a joint concert of the Israeli rock veterans Shalom Hanoch and Shlomo Artzi; authors whose repertoire is imagined to signify both their personality and a true sense of Israeliness. I therefore associate authenticity with the idea of subjectivity, the ability of a singer-songwriter to work within social order and to redefine it.
‘Imperialistic abroad and xenophobic at home’. How does the UK publishing industry plead to these charges? Guilty or not guilty?
Authors: Craighill Stephanie 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article examines popular culture and its effect on the European translations market. The dominant position of Anglo-Saxon culture in the global cultural economy has stimulated an imbalance in the flow of translations towards the English-language market. According to Lawrence Venuti, translations academic, this exposes Anglo-American publishing as ‘imperialistic abroad and xenophobic at home’. This article focuses solely on UK publishing in the European cultural context and determines whether the UK market pleads guilty to these controversial charges. First, the context of Venuti’s claim is established by presenting statistical evidence detailing the flow of translations to and from the United Kingdom. Leading figures from UK publishing, including literary agents, rights managers, critics and organizational bodies, have been interviewed regarding the charges brought against them by Venuti. Statements from these individuals are explored and their defence presented. In the main, representatives from UK publishing, although they consider Venuti’s terminology to be emotive and contentious, plead guilty to both charges. Findings benefit knowledge exchange with minority cultures and the international cultural economy.
Integration through participation: The effects of participating in an English Conversation club on refugee and asylum seeker integration
Authors: Sorgen Aliya 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The integration of refugees/asylum seekers is a complex process that is affected by factors such as reasons for fleeing one’s home country, linguistic proficiency, education, housing issues, and reception from the host community. While past research has focused on these issues, there is a lack of attention on the development of practical and psychological integration skills through participation in a social space of mutual accommodation (Berry 2005). This article fills this gap by analysing the relationship between mutual accommodation and integration in relation to spaces for language acquisition and the resulting impact of participation. This study illustrates, from the migrant perspective, how language acquisition in terms of resettlement not only focuses on linguistic proficiency but also on how such spaces provide a supportive place of refuge and support. This research underscores a deeper discussion of the migrant new speaker profile, providing evidence for ways in which to broaden an understanding of this key shift away from previously held notions of the native versus non-native individual. Ethnographic research was conducted in two UK-based conversation clubs. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s (2006) Thematic Analysis structure.
Defects of corneocyte structural proteins and epidermal barrier in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Le Lamer Marina , Pellerin Laurence , Reynier Marie , Cau Laura , Pendaries Valérie , Leprince Corinne , Méchin Marie-Claire , Serre Guy , Paul Carle , Simon Michel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe main function of the epidermis is to establish a vital multifunctional barrier between the body and its external environment. A defective epidermal barrier is one of the key features of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 20% of children and 2–3% of adults and often precedes the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma. This review summarizes recent discoveries on the origin of the skin barrier alterations in AD at the structural protein level, including hereditary and acquired components. The consequences of the epidermal barrier alteration on our current understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, and its possible implications on the treatment of patients, are discussed here.
Can we use rendaku for phonological argumentation?
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the general issue of the quality of phonological data, using rendaku as a case study. Rendaku is a widely-discussed voicing process that accompanies compound formation in Japanese. The issue of the quality of phonological data has been discussed from time to time from various perspectives throughout the history of phonological research, and we are recently witnessing renewed interest in this topic. This paper takes up rendaku as a case study to address this issue. Rendaku has been used to argue for many theoretical devices, but it is rarely acknowledged in the theoretical literature that rendaku involves extensive lexical irregularity. The specific question addressed in this study is whether it is appropriate to use rendaku for phonological argumentation. The answer that this paper proposes is yes, but the more crucial lesson is that theoretical phonology should evaluate the quality of phonological data more explicitly. The current discussion offers a first step toward establishing general guidelines about what kind of evidence can be used to decide whether a pattern under question is phonological or not.
Clinical experimental stress studies: methods and assessment
Authors: Bali Anjana , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractStress is a state of threatened homeostasis during which a variety of adaptive processes are activated to produce physiological and behavioral changes. Stress induction methods are pivotal for understanding these physiological or pathophysiological changes in the body in response to stress. Furthermore, these methods are also important for the development of novel pharmacological agents for stress management. The well-described methods to induce stress in humans include the cold pressor test, Trier Social Stress Test, Montreal Imaging Stress Task, Maastricht Acute Stress Test, CO2 challenge test, Stroop test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task, noise stress, and Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test. Stress assessment in humans is done by measuring biochemical markers such as cortisol, cortisol awakening response, dexamethasone suppression test, salivary α-amylase, plasma/urinary norepinephrine, norepinephrine spillover rate, and interleukins. Physiological and behavioral changes such as galvanic skin response, heart rate variability, pupil size, and muscle and/or skin sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography) and cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and self-reported anxiety are also monitored to assess stress response. This present review describes these commonly employed methods to induce stress in humans along with stress assessment methods.
Synthesis and UV/Vis analysis of amino acid-derived bisurea-type receptors involving anion complexation
Authors: Stapf Manuel , Seichter Wilhelm , Weber Edwin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSixteen new bisurea compounds incorporating versatile proteinogenic amino acids as well as nipecotic acid have been synthesizedviaaddition reaction to aryl diisocyanates. The products were analytically characterized and their ability for anion recognition was studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy. In the presence of fluoride, acetate or dihydrogenphosphate ions, hyperchromic and bathochromic peak shifts were determined. By way of contrast, bromide, iodide, or hydrogensulfate ions cause no significant change of absorbance. The special effect of heterocyclic derivatives was explained by molecular modeling calculations. In addition, the crystal structure of the byproduct dimethylN,N′-(1,4-phenylene)dicarbamate is discussed.
Aspect forms and functions in Sorbian varieties
Authors: Breu Walter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss different types of verbal aspect in three varieties of Sorbian, Standard Lower and Upper Sorbian and Colloquial Upper Sorbian. There are basically two formally differentiated aspect oppositions in Sorbian, the Slavic opposition of perfectivity, expressed by stem alternations (prefixation, suffixation and suppletion) and thus grammatically derivative, and the opposition of aorist and imperfect, expressed by inflection. These two types are, however, restricted in their distribution, as modern Lower Sorbian lacks the inflectional type completely, and Colloquial Upper Sorbian uses it only with auxiliaries, modal verbs and some verbs of speech. Even in Standard Upper Sorbian the independence of the two oppositions is rather relative, as only the second and third person singular have different endings for the two grammemes, whereas in all other persons formal differences between imperfect and aorist are expressed, if at all, only by stem alternations, dependent on the opposition between the imperfective and the perfective stem. Therefore, even in Standard Upper Sorbian we have a clear differentiation between perfective and imperfective only outside the synthetic past tense, e.g. in the analytic l‑past or in the future, while the imperfect is linked exclusively to the imperfective and the aorist to the perfective. While the functions of the stem-based aspect opposition are in the Standard languages of the common Slavic type, Colloquial Upper Sorbian has an idiosyncratic aspect type based functionally on an opposition of grammaticalized telicity. The reasons for the special characteristics of verbal aspect in the varieties of Sorbian in formal as well as in functional respect essentially go back to language contact with German. The ILA model of the interaction of the lexicon with aspect serves as a theoretical base for the following presentation.