bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric analysis of medial temporal lobe subregions in developmental amnesia using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Olsen Rosanna K. , Palombo Daniela J. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Levine Brian , Ryan Jennifer D. , Rosenbaum R. Shayna 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThere is great interest in the cognitive consequences of hippocampal volume loss in developmental amnesia (DA). In many DA cases, volume loss occurs before the hippocampus is fully developed, and yet little is known about the locus, extent, and distribution of damage in these cases. We used high‐resolution MRI to manually segment the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions in H.C., an adult with DA, and a group of sex‐, age‐ and education‐matched control participants (n = 10). The hippocampus was defined and divided into anterior (head) and posterior (body and tail) segments. Within the body of the hippocampus, the subregions (CA1, DG/CA2/3, and subiculum) were defined. Finally, the entorhinal (ERC), perirhinal (PRC), and parahippocampal (PHC) cortices were segmented. Anterior hippocampus was reduced bilaterally and posterior hippocampus was significantly reduced on the right. In the body of the hippocampus, all three subregions were reduced in the left hemisphere, whereas CA1 and subiculum were reduced in the right hemisphere. No group differences were observed in the PRC and ERC, whereas left PHC volume was marginally increased in H.C. compared to controls. These results can be used to inform patterns of spared and impaired cognitive abilities in DA and perhaps in amnesia more generally. © The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Membrane fractionation of a β‐lactoglobulin tryptic digest: effect of the membrane characteristics
Authors: Fernández Ayoa , Zhu Yishen , FitzGerald Richard J. , Riera Francisco A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembrane separation technologies seem to be one of the best available techniques to fractionate protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides and obtain peptide fractions with increased functionality. The influence of the molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of the membrane and its hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics on the fractionation of a β‐lactoglobulin tryptic hydrolysate were studied in this research work in order to obtain more purified peptidic fractions.RESULTSThe molecular weight of the solutes, their charge and, ultimately, their hydrophobicity influenced peptide transmission. As regards the composition of the active layer of the membrane, high permeate flux values were maintained throughout the pH working range (from pH 4.0 to pH 10.0) when an extremely hydrophilic membrane was employed, even in the presence of peptide aggregates at acidic pH values. In addition, the decrease in the MWCO of the membrane (from 5 kDa to 1 kDa) did not improve the selectivity of the fractionation process, however, it assumed a significant decrease of the permeate flux through the membrane.CONCLUSIONThe low efficiency of the process in terms of peptide recovery and the poor separation observed between bioactive and non‐bioactive peptides work against the use of extremely hydrophilic membranes to fractionate peptide hydrolysates. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Gold nanorods as probes in two‐photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: Emerging applications and potential artifacts
Authors: Wang Da‐Shin , Wei Shih‐Chung , Liao Shih‐Chu , Lin Chii‐Wann 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOwing to the highly efficient two‐photon fluorescence of gold nanorods and very short fluorescence lifetime compared with the rotational correlation time, the rotation and diffusion of a single gold nanorod can be easily observed by two‐photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TP‐FCS). This property, along with the previous successful use as a contrast agent in two‐photon fluorescence imaging, suggests a potential application in TP‐FCS as well. Although the FCS measurement becomes highly efficient with gold nanorods as probes, the amplitude and temporal decay of the measured correlation functions depend critically on excitation power. Here, we investigate various photophysical processes of gold nanorods to determine the cause of such a sensitive power dependency. This understanding provides a basis for choosing appropriate FCS models to recover reasonable physical parameters. Although the correlation function amplitude G(0) is 32 times lower when the excitation power increases from 20 µW to 1.12 mW, the application of a saturation‐modified FCS model yields very good fit to each data set and the fitted concentration of 0.64 nM is comparable to the 0.7 nM given by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement. The FCS assay appears to be an efficient method for the quantification of gold nanorods when correctly interpreted. However, even with the saturation considered in the fitting model, the fitted rotational and translational diffusion rates are getting faster as the power increases. This indicates that other effects such as photothermal effects may raise the local temperature, and thus increasing the rotational and translational diffusion rate. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:882–889, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinction between auroral substorm onset and traditional ground magnetic onset signatures
Authors: Lyons L. R. , Nishimura Y. , Donovan E. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo evaluate whether ground magnetic responses traditionally viewed as signatures of substorm onset may be related to postonset auroral streamers rather than to substorm onset seen in aurora, we have analyzed ground magnetic and all‐sky image responses for 14 substorm onsets selected solely on imager coverage. We find evidence supporting this possibility, the response being approximately coincident for midlatitude positive bay and Pi2 pulsation enhancements and for abrupt auroral zone H decreases at stations near a streamer. These are all signatures of current wedge formation, indicating that substorm current wedge formation may be more of a response to plasma sheet flow channels associated with postonset streamers than to the process leading to auroral onset and that the current wedge may develop via a series of distinctly narrower wedge‐like structures. We also find evidence that periods of streamers can occur more than once during a substorm expansion phase and can give magnetic signatures of multiple onsets even if there are no additional auroral onsets. Furthermore, the peak auroral zone H decreases are seen in association with streamers and at times varying from just a few minutes to well over a half hour after substorm auroral onset if there is a prolonged period of streamers. This indicates that peak substorm AE and AL values are likely related to features of postonset streamers and their locations relative to observing stations and are not a measure of the strength of the substorm auroral onset processes. We discuss possible additional implications on substorm expansion phase development.
Alternative ways of using field‐based estimates to calibrate ecosystem models and their implications for carbon cycle studies
Authors: He Yujie , Zhuang Qianlai , David McGuire A. , Liu Yaling , Chen Min 
Published: June 2013

AbstractModel‐data fusion is a process in which field observations are used to constrain model parameters. How observations are used to constrain parameters has a direct impact on the carbon cycle dynamics simulated by ecosystem models. In this study, we present an evaluation of several options for the use of observations in modeling regional carbon dynamics and explore the implications of those options. We calibrated the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model on a hierarchy of three vegetation classification levels for the Alaskan boreal forest: species level, plant‐functional‐type level (PFT level), and biome level, and we examined the differences in simulated carbon dynamics. Species‐specific field‐based estimates were directly used to parameterize the model for species‐level simulations, while weighted averages based on species percent cover were used to generate estimates for PFT‐ and biome‐level model parameterization. We found that calibrated key ecosystem process parameters differed substantially among species and overlapped for species that are categorized into different PFTs. Our analysis of parameter sets suggests that the PFT‐level parameterizations primarily reflected the dominant species and that functional information of some species were lost from the PFT‐level parameterizations. The biome‐level parameterization was primarily representative of the needleleaf PFT and lost information on broadleaf species or PFT function. Our results indicate that PFT‐level simulations may be potentially representative of the performance of species‐level simulations while biome‐level simulations may result in biased estimates. Improved theoretical and empirical justifications for grouping species into PFTs or biomes are needed to adequately represent the dynamics of ecosystem functioning and structure.
CHOP‐mediated hepcidin suppression modulates hepatic iron load
Authors: Mueller Katrin , Sunami Yoshiaki , Stuetzle Michael , Guldiken Nurdan , Kucukoglu Ozlem , Mueller Sebastian , Kulaksiz Hasan , Schwarz Peggy , Strnad Pavel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe liver is the central regulator of iron metabolism and accordingly, chronic liver diseases often lead to systemic iron overload due to diminished expression of the iron‐regulatory hormone hepcidin. To study the largely unknown regulation of iron metabolism in the context of hepatic disease, we used two established models of chronic liver injury, ie repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or thioacetamide (TAA) injections. To determine the impact of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP)‐homologous protein (CHOP) on hepcidin production, the effect of a single TAA injection was determined in wild‐type and CHOP knockout mice. Furthermore, CHOP and hepcidin expression was assessed in control subjects and patients with alcoholic liver disease. Both chronic injury models developed a distinct iron overload in macrophages. TAA‐, but not CCl4‐ injected mice displayed additional iron accumulation in hepatocytes, resulting in a significant hepatic and systemic iron overload which was due to suppressed hepcidin levels. C/EBPα signalling, a known hepcidin inducer, was markedly inhibited in TAA mice, due to lower C/EBPα levels and overexpression of CHOP, a C/EBPα inhibitor. A single TAA injection resulted in a long‐lasting (> 6 days) suppression of hepcidin levels and CHOP knockouts (compared to wild‐types) displayed significantly attenuated hepcidin down‐regulation in response to acute TAA administration. CHOP mRNA levels increased 5‐fold in alcoholic liver disease patients versus controls (p < 0.005) and negatively correlated with hepcidin expression. Our results establish CHOP as an important regulator of hepatic hepcidin expression in chronic liver disease. The differences in iron metabolism between the two widely used fibrosis models likely reflect the differential regulation of hepcidin expression in human liver disease. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal impact in the frequency of isolated spina bifida
Authors: Giardini Valentina , Russo Francesca Maria , Ornaghi Sara , Todyrenchuk Lyudmyla , Vergani Patrizia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate whether a relationship exists between season at conception and occurrence of isolated spina bifida (ISB).Study designAll fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of ISB were analyzed according to date of conception. We compared the seasonal rates of conception between ISB fetuses and a control group consisting of a cohort of fetuses delivered during the same period from 1992 to 2009.ResultsIn the control group, conceptions were equally distributed among the four seasons. Chi‐square analysis showed a significantly higher rate of ISB conceptions in the fall compared with the control group (16/36, 44% vs 12467/50533, 25%, Odds Ratio (OR) 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.21–4.92). Not a single woman with a fetus affected by ISB took preconceptional supplement of folic acid.ConclusionsSeasonality affects the frequency of ISB. We hypothesize that the seasonal differences may reflect dietary and climate changes with reduced intake of folic acid in the fall. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with adherence to physical activity guidelines in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Chipperfield Kelly , Fletcher Jane , Millar Jeremy , Brooker Joanne , Smith Robin , Frydenberg Mark , Oh Tracy , Burney Sue 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the proportion of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) meeting the National Physical Activity Guidelines of Australia (NPAGA) and determine sociodemographic and medical factors associated with meeting these guidelines. Secondary aims included examining physical activity (PA) levels by treatment type and domain (leisure, work, transport and domestic) and establishing a predictive model of the likelihood that men with PCa would meet NPAGA.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to 638 men with PCa attending for treatment at the Alfred, Cabrini or Latrobe Regional Hospitals during 2010 and 2011, with a response rate of 59%. Measures included International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Prostate and sociodemographic items. Inclusion criteria were English speaking men aged 40 to 80 years, who had undergone radiotherapy (RT) between 9 and 30 months prior to the survey.ResultsOf 356 men with PCa, less than half were meeting NPAGA (41.9%). Lower education and quality of life (QoL), a higher number of comorbid conditions and symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with decreased leisure‐time PA. Patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy were significantly less active than patients treated with RT only. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the likelihood of meeting NPAGA was significantly lower with higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of education.ConclusionsMeeting NPAGA is associated with higher QoL and psychosocial well‐being in men with PCa. These findings contribute important information for targeting PA interventions to PCa survivors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young breast cancer patients' involvement in treatment decisions: the major role played by decision‐making about surgery
Authors: Seror Valérie , Cortaredona Sébastien , Bouhnik Anne‐Deborah , Meresse Mégane , Cluze Camille , Viens Patrice , Rey Dominique , Peretti‐Watel Patrick 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate young breast cancer patients' preferred and actual involvement in decision‐making about surgery, chemotherapy, and adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET).MethodsA total of 442 women aged 18–40 years at the time of the diagnosis participated in the region‐wide ELIPPSE40 cohort study (southeastern France). Logistic regression analyses were performed on various factors possibly affecting patients' preferred and perceived involvement in the decisions about their cancer treatment.ResultsThe women's mean age was 36.8 years at enrolment. Preference for a fully passive role in decision‐making was stated by 20.7% of them. It was favored by regular breast surveillance (p = 0.04) and positive experience of being informed about cancer diagnosis (p = 0.02). Patients' preferences were independently associated with their reported involvement in decision‐making about surgery (p = 0.01). A fully passive role in decision‐making about chemotherapy and AET was more likely to be reported by patients who perceived their involvement in decision‐making about surgery as having been fully passive (adjusted odds ratio = 4.8, CI95% [2.7–8.7], and adjusted odds ratio = 9.8, CI95% [3.3–29.2], respectively). This study shows a significant relationship between the use of antidepressants and involvement in decision‐making about surgery, and confirms the relationship between impaired quality of life (in the psychological domain) and a fully passive role in decisions about cancer treatment.ConclusionsPatients' involvement in decision‐making about chemotherapy and AET was strongly influenced by their experience of decision‐making about surgery, regardless of their tumor stage and history of breast or ovarian cancer. When decisions are being made about surgery, special attention should be paid to facilitating breast cancer patients' involvement in the decision‐making. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spiritual well‐being in long‐term colorectal cancer survivors with ostomies
Authors: Bulkley Joanna , McMullen Carmit K. , Hornbrook Mark C. , Grant Marcia , Altschuler Andrea , Wendel Christopher S. , Krouse Robert S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveSpiritual well‐being (SpWB) is integral to health‐related quality of life. The challenges of colorectal cancer (CRC) and subsequent bodily changes can affect SpWB. We analyzed the SpWB of CRC survivors with ostomies.MethodsTwo‐hundred‐eighty‐three long‐term (≥5 years) CRC survivors with permanent ostomies completed the modified City of Hope Quality of Life‐Ostomy (mCOH‐QOL‐O) questionnaire. An open‐ended question elicited respondents' greatest challenge in living with an ostomy. We used content analysis to identify SpWB responses and develop themes. We analyzed responses on the three‐item SpWB sub‐scale.ResultsOpen‐ended responses from 52% of participants contained SpWB content. Fifteen unique SpWB themes were identified. Sixty percent of individuals expressed positive themes such as “positive attitude”, “I am fortunate”, “appreciate life more”, and “strength through religious faith”. Negative themes, expressed by only 29% of respondents, included “struggling to cope”, “not feeling ‘normal’ ”, and “loss”. Fifty‐five percent of respondents expressed ambivalent themes including “learning acceptance”, “an ostomy is the price for survival”, “reason to be around despite suffering”, and “continuing to cope despite challenges”. The majority (64%) had a high SpWB sub‐scale score.ConclusionsAlthough CRC survivors with ostomies infrequently mentioned negative SpWB themes as a major challenge, ambivalent themes were common. SpWB themes were often mentioned as a source of resilience or part of the struggle to adapt to an altered body after cancer surgery. Interventions to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors should contain program elements designed to address SpWB that support personal meaning, inner peace, inter connectedness, and belonging. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived Versus Predicted Risks of Colorectal Cancer and Self‐Reported Colonoscopies by Members of Mismatch Repair Gene Mutation‐Carrying Families Who Have Declined Genetic Testing
Authors: Flander Louisa , Speirs‐Bridge Andrew , Rutstein Alison , Niven Heather , Win Aung Ko , Ait Ouakrim Driss , Hopper John L. , Macrae Finlay , Keogh Louise , Gaff Clara , Jenkins Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPeople carrying germline mutations in mismatch repair genes are at high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet about half of people from mutation‐carrying families decline genetic counselling and/or testing to identify mutation status. We studied the association of quantitative measures of risk perception, risk prediction and self‐reported screening colonoscopy in this elusive yet high‐risk group. The sample of 26 participants (mean age 43.1 years, 14 women) in the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry were relatives of mutation carriers; had not been diagnosed with any cancer at the time of recruitment and had declined an invitation to attend genetic counselling and/or testing. A structured elicitation protocol captured perceived CRC risk over the next 10 years. Self‐reported colonoscopy screening was elicited during a 45‐minute semi‐structured interview. Predicted 10‐year CRC risk based on age, gender, known mutation status and family history was calculated using “MMRpro.” Mean perceived 10‐year risk of CRC was 31 % [95 % CI 21, 40], compared with mean predicted risk of 4 % [2, 7] (p < 0.001); this was independent of age and sex (p = 0.9). Among those reporting any medical advice and any screening colonoscopy (n = 18), those with higher risk perception had less frequent colonoscopy (Pearson's r = 0.49 [0.02, 0.79]). People who decline genetic testing for CRC susceptibility mutations perceive themselves to be at substantially higher risk than they really are. Those with high perceived risk do not undertake screening colonoscopy more often than those who perceive themselves to be at average risk.
Knowledge of and Interest in Genetic Results Among Parkinson Disease Patients and Caregivers
Authors: Sakanaka Karina , Waters Cheryl H. , Levy Oren A. , Louis Elan D. , Chung Wendy K. , Marder Karen S. , Alcalay Roy N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to investigate Parkinson disease (PD) patients’ and caregivers’ knowledge of and interest in genetic testing. Gaucher disease (GD) results from recessive mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA). Both heterozygote GBA carriers and GD patients are at greater risk for PD. Studies regarding knowledge of and interest in genetic testing have been limited and have not offered genetic results to participants. In this study, 353 PD patients and 180 caregivers were recruited to a PD genetic study. The association between GD, GBA mutations and PD was described to participants who reported their familiarity with genetic terms, answered questions on genetic concepts, and indicated their interest in knowing if they may have GD (two GBA mutations) and other genetic information that could impact their health. Ninety‐three‐percent of participants were interested in receiving GBA results; however, only 51.6 % of PD participants and 55.6 % of caregivers knew that “scientists have identified genes associated with a higher risk of developing PD.” PD patients may benefit from education and genetic counseling on the implications of genetic testing.
High resolution spatial map imaging of a gaseous target
Authors: Stei Martin , von Vangerow Johannes , Otto Rico , Kelkar Aditya H. , Carrascosa Eduardo , Best Thorsten , Wester Roland 
Published: June 2013

Electrostatic ion imaging with the velocity map imaging mode is a widely used method in atomic and molecular physics and physical chemistry. In contrast, the spatial map imaging (SMI) mode has received very little attention, despite the fact that it has been proposed earlier [A. T. J. B. Eppink and D. H. Parker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3477 (1997)]10.1063/1.1148310. Here, we present a detailed parametric characterization of SMI both by simulation and experiment. One-, two- and three-dimensional imaging modes are described. The influence of different parameters on the imaging process is described by means of a Taylor expansion. To experimentally quantify elements of the Taylor expansion and to infer the spatial resolution of our spectrometer, photoionization of toluene with a focused laser beam has been carried out. A spatial resolution of better than 4 μm out of a focal volume of several mm in diameter has been achieved. Our results will be useful for applications of SMI to the characterization of laser beams, the overlap control of multiple particle or light beams, and the determination of absolute collision cross sections.