bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NON-UNION OF ISOLATED RADIAL NECK FRACTURE USING A BONE GRAFT AND TEMPORARY K-WIRE FIXATION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Cha Soo-Min , Shin Hyun-Dae , Kim Kyung-Cheon , Song Jae-Hwang 
Published: October 2013

Introduction: Non-union of radial neck fractures is not common in adults, and surgical treatment is rarely required. This case report documents non-union of the radial neck with persistent pain around the elbow joint and tenderness over the neck of the radius, limited range of motion for 12 months. The authors performed an iliac bone graft and temporary K-wire fixation for non-union of the radial neck after an isolated radial neck fracture. Case presentation: A 54-year-old woman slipped with her hand outstretched 12 months prior to presentation. She was diagnosed with a radial neck fracture, but her injury was eventually diagnosed as a non-union fracture, and she was transferred to our hospital. The patient had tenderness of the radial head and neck and an increasing tendency of pain in the forearm during external rotation with resistance. Flexion was a maximum of 80°, extension was limited to 20°, and internal rotation and external rotation were decreased to 60°. On plain radiographs, a clear radiolucent shadow was present between the bone fragment and radius. After the autogenous iliac bone graft, a temporary K-wire was fixed, and at eight weeks postoperatively, the bone was united. The patient is in the month 24 of postoperative follow-up and is able to perform daily activities without tenderness. Conclusion: If elbow joint pain, tenderness, and limitation of range of motion are present in non-union of radial neck fracture, surgical treatment is necessary. If there is no injury to the ligament around the elbow or instability, the authors consider bone graft and temporary K-wire fixation as an excellent treatment option for bony union and early exercise of the joint.
METALLOSIS OF A SILASTIC METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT ARTHROPLASTY — A CASE REPORT
Authors: Measuria H. D. , McBride T. J. , Talwalkar S. C. 
Published: October 2013

Metallosis is a well-documented phenomenon in hip and knee arthroplasty from metal on metal bearing joint replacements. However, few cases of metallosis of metacarpophalangeal joint replacements have been reported. We present the case of a 49-year-old lady with rheumatoid arthritis who had previously undergone MCP joint replacements over 20 years ago. The decision was taken to revise her middle MCP joint after she developed pain and ulnar drift. At revision, the joint exhibited severe metallosis presumably arising from the grommet component of the replacement. This required considerable debridement and removal of the components and revision to a new upsized implant without grommets. It is of note that there were no external signs of metallosis with full flexion of the finger and a good roll up.
Retrogression of eclogite-facies shear zones by short-lived fluid infiltration during the Caledonian orogeny, Lofoten islands, Norway
Authors: Fournier H. W. , Lee J. K. W. , Camacho A. , Creaser R. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Norwegian eclogite-facies shear zones in the Lofoten islands served as major pathways for short-lived pulses of both
40
Ar-rich and
40
Ar-poor hot fluids during eclogitization and retrogression events related to the Caledonian orogeny. The open system for Ar affected most of the minerals leading to old
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages, particularly in trioctahedral micas.
40
Ar concentration in the fluids appears to decrease during the amphibolite-facies retrogression and Ca-rich amphiboles yield
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages of
c.
415 Ma (Scandian event). Late- and post-Caledonian
40
Ar/
39
Ar muscovite and K-feldspar ages and Rb/Sr biotite ages coincide with multiple extensional events, fluid infiltration and thermal activity during the final exhumation of the crustal rocks, potentially reflecting major tectonic episodes such as rifting of Pangaea and seafloor spreading between Europe and North America.

Supplementary material:

Sample coordinates from all the rocks, analytical methods, complete
40
Ar/
39
Ar step-heating descriptions and electron microprobe results are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18687
.
Palaeontological evidence for defining the Anthropocene
Authors: Barnosky Anthony D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Palaeontology formed the basis for defining most of the geological eras, periods, epochs and ages that are commonly recognized. By the same token, the Anthropocene can be defined by diverse palaeontological criteria, in accordance with commonly accepted biostratigraphic practice. The most useful Anthropocene biostratigraphic zones will be assemblage and abundance zones based on mixes of native and non-native species in both the marine and terrestrial realms, although lineage zones based on evolution of crop plants may also have utility. Also useful are human-produced trace fossils, which have resulted in prominent biohorizons that can mark the onset of the Anthropocene, especially the paved road system, widespread through terrestrial regions, and microplastics, ubiquitous in near-shore and deep-water marine sediments. Most of these palaeontological criteria support placing the Holocene–Anthropocene boundary near 1950. Continuation of current extinction rates would produce an extinction biohorizon on the scale of the Big Five mass extinctions within a few centuries, but enhanced conservation measures could prevent making mass extinction an Anthropocene signature. A grand challenge for palaeontologists now is to define Anthropocene biostratigraphic zones rigorously, not only as a necessary precursor to formalizing the epoch, but also to more fully understand how humans have restructured the biosphere.
The Physiologic Effects of an Acute Bout of Supramaximal High-Intensity Interval Training Compared with a Continuous Exercise Bout in Patients with COPD
Authors: Butcher Scotty J. , Yurach Madison T. , Heynen Nichole M. , Pikaluk Brendan J. , Horvey Karla J. , Clemens Ron , Marciniuk Darcy D. 
Published: October 2013

This study compared physiological responses and work performed during a supramaximal high-intensity interval exercise training session (HIIT) and a constant work rate (CWR) exercise session. Fourteen patients with COPD (mean FEV1
53±13% predicted (±SD)) completed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a steep ramp anaerobic test (SRAT) and then two exercise bouts to symptom limitation on separate days, in random order: (1) a CWR trial at 80% of CPET peak work rate (mean 63±15 W) and (2) a HIIT trial using repeats of 30 s at 70% of SRAT peak work rate (mean 112±29 W) followed by 90 s at 20% of CPET peak work rate. Subjects ceased exercise primarily due to dyspnea for both HIIT and CWR (64% vs. 57%, resp.). End-exercise VE, HR, dyspnea, and leg fatigue were similar between the two exercise protocols. Average work rate was lower in HIIT than CWR (32 vs. 63 W, P<0.05); however, subjects performed HIIT longer (542 vs. 202 s, P<0.05) and for greater total work (23.3 vs. 12.0 kJ, P<0.05). The supramaximal HIIT protocol was well tolerated and demonstrated similar maximal physiologic responses to constant work rate exercise, but with greater leg muscle work performed and greater peak exercise intensity.
Lenalidomide Inhibits Lymphangiogenesis in Preclinical Models of Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Song Kai , Herzog Brett H. , Sheng Minjia , Fu Jianxin , McDaniel J. Michael , Ruan Jia , Xia Lijun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLymphomas originate in and spread primarily along the lymphatic system. However, whether lymphatic vessels contribute to the growth and spreading of lymphomas is largely unclear. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represents an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We found that MCL exhibited abundant intratumor lymphatic vessels. Our results demonstrated that the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide potently inhibited the growth and dissemination of MCL in a xenograft MCL mouse model, at least in part, by inhibiting functional tumor lymphangiogenesis. Significant numbers of tumor-associated macrophages expressing vascular endothelial growth factor-C were found in both human MCL and mouse MCL xenograft samples. Lenalidomide treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the number of MCL-associated macrophages. In addition, in vivo depletion of monocytes/macrophages impaired functional tumor lymphangiogenesis and inhibited MCL growth and dissemination. Taken together, our results indicate that tumor lymphangiogenesis contributes to the progression of MCL and that lenalidomide is effective in decreasing MCL growth and metastasis most likely by inhibiting recruitment of MCL-associated macrophages. Cancer Res; 73(24); 7254–64. ©2013 AACR.
3′-UTR Poly(T/U) Tract Deletions and Altered Expression of EWSR1 Are a Hallmark of Mismatch Repair–Deficient Cancers
Authors: Kishore Shivendra , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Kovac Michal B. , Gylling Annette , Wenzel Friedel , Trapani Francesca , Altermatt Hans Joerg , Mele Valentina , Marra Giancarlo , Peltomäki Päivi , Terracciano Luigi , Zavolan Mihaela , Heinimann Karl 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The genome-wide accumulation of DNA replication errors known as microsatellite instability (MSI) is the hallmark lesion of DNA mismatch repair (MMR)–deficient cancers. Although testing for MSI is widely used to guide clinical management, the contribution of MSI at distinct genic loci to the phenotype remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that a mononucleotide (T/U)16 tract located in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene is a novel MSI target locus that shows perfect sensitivity and specificity in detecting mismatch repair–deficient cancers in two independent populations. We further found a striking relocalization of the EWSR1 protein from nucleus to cytoplasm in MMR-deficient cancers and that the nonprotein-coding MSI target locus itself has a modulatory effect on EWSR1 gene expression through alternative 3′ end processing of the EWSR1 gene. Our results point to a MSI target gene–specific effect in MMR-deficient cancers. Cancer Res; 74(1); 224–34. ©2013 AACR.
The Critical Role of mRNA Destabilizing Protein Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D in 3′ Untranslated Region–Mediated Decay of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor mRNA in Liver Tissue
Authors: Singh Amar Bahadur , Li Hai , Kan Chin Fung Kelvin , Dong Bin , Nicolls Mark R. , Liu Jingwen 
Published: October 2013

Objective—
Previous studies showed that low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA 3′ untranslated region (UTR) contains regulatory elements responsible for rapid mRNA turnover in hepatic cells and mediates the mRNA stabilization induced by berberine (BBR). Here, we elucidate the underlying mechanism of BBR’s action by characterizing mRNA-binding proteins that modulate LDLR mRNA decay via 3′UTR in liver tissue in vivo.

Approach and Results—
We generated a transgenic mouse model (Alb-Luc-UTR) that expresses Luc-LDLR3′UTR reporter gene driven by the albumin promoter to study 3′UTR function in mediating LDLR mRNA decay in liver tissue. We show that treating Alb-Luc-UTR mice with BBR led to significant increases in hepatic bioluminescence signals, Luc-UTR mRNA, and LDLR mRNA levels as compared with control mice. These effects were accompanied by specific reductions of mRNA decay-promoting factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (hnRNP D) in liver of BBR-treated mice. Knockdown and overexpression studies further demonstrated that hnRNP D p37 isoform plays a major role in promoting hepatic LDLR mRNA degradation. In addition, we examined LDLR mRNA half-life, Luc-UTR reporter activity, and hnRNP D expression levels in cell lines derived from extrahepatic tissues. We demonstrated that strengths of 3′UTR in promoting mRNA degradation correlate with hnRNP D cellular abundances in nonhepatic cell lines, thereby suggesting its involvement in LDLR mRNA degradation beyond liver tissue.

Conclusions—
hnRNP D is critically involved in LDLR mRNA degradation in liver tissue in vivo. The inverse relationship of hnRNP D abundance with LDLR mRNA levels after BBR treatment suggests the potential of hnRNP D of being a novel therapeutic target for LDL cholesterol lowering.
Activated Protein C Analog Protects From Ischemic Stroke and Extends the Therapeutic Window of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Aged Female Mice and Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Wang Yaoming , Zhao Zhen , Chow Nienwen , Rajput Padmesh S. , Griffin John H. , Lyden Patrick D. , Zlokovic Berislav V. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
3K3A-activated protein C (APC) protects young, healthy male rodents after ischemic stroke. 3K3A-APC is currently under development as a neuroprotectant for acute ischemic stroke in humans. Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable recommends that after initial studies in young, healthy male animals, further studies should be performed in females, aged animals, and animals with comorbid conditions. Here, we studied the effects of delayed 3KA-APC therapy alone and with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in aged female mice and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Methods—
We used Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable recommendations for ensuring good scientific inquiry. Murine recombinant 3K3A-APC (0.2 mg/kg) alone or with recombinant tPA (10 mg/kg) was given intravenously 4 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in aged female mice and rats and after embolic stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rat. 3K3A-APC was additionally administered within 3 to 7 days after stroke. The neuropathological analysis and neurological scores, foot-fault, forelimb asymmetry, and adhesive removal tests were performed within 7 and 28 days of stroke.

Results—

In all models, tPA alone had no effects on the infarct volume or behavior. 3K3A-APC alone or with tPA reduced the infarct volume 7 days after the middle cerebral artery occlusion in aged female mice and embolic stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rat by 62% to 66% and 50% to 53%, respectively, significantly improved (
P
<0.05) behavior, and eliminated tPA-induced intracerebral microhemorrhages. In aged female mice, 3K3A-APC was protective within 4 weeks of stroke.

Conclusions—
3K3A-APC protects from ischemic stroke and extends the therapeutic window of tPA in aged female mice and in spontaneously hypertensive rat with a comorbid condition.
ENSO Effect on East Asian Tropical Cyclone Landfall via Changes in Tracks and Genesis in a Statistical Model
Authors: Yonekura Emmi , Hall Timothy M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractImprovements on a statistical tropical cyclone (TC) track model in the western North Pacific Ocean are described. The goal of the model is to study the effect of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on East Asian TC landfall. The model is based on the International Best-Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) database of TC observations for 1945–2007 and employs local regression of TC formation rates and track increments on the Niño-3.4 index and seasonally varying climate parameters. The main improvements are the inclusion of ENSO dependence in the track propagation and accounting for seasonality in both genesis and tracks. A comparison of simulations of the 1945–2007 period with observations concludes that the model updates improve the skill of this model in simulating TCs. Changes in TC genesis and tracks are analyzed separately and cumulatively in simulations of stationary extreme ENSO states. ENSO effects on regional (100-km scale) landfall are attributed to changes in genesis and tracks. The effect of ENSO on genesis is predominantly a shift in genesis location from the southeast in El Niño years to the northwest in La Niña years, resulting in higher landfall rates for the East Asian coast during La Niña. The effect of ENSO on track propagation varies seasonally and spatially. In the peak activity season (July–October), there are significant changes in mean tracks with ENSO. Landfall-rate changes from genesis– and track–ENSO effects in the Philippines cancel out, while coastal segments of Vietnam, China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan show enhanced La Niña–year increases.
Underlying Low-Order Dynamics of Nonlinear Interaction among Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns and Its Association with the AO/NAM
Authors: Zhao Nan , Liang Sujie , Ding Yihui 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Studies on the nonlinear natures of the spatiotemporal structure of the Arctic Oscillation/Northern Hemisphere annular mode (AO/NAM) in the context of nonlinear interaction among the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific–North American pattern (PNA), and the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) are performed. The non-Gaussianity of the multivariate probability density function (PDF) in the phase space spanned by their indices is examined first. Five local maxima potentially related to circulation regimes are identified from the so-called angular PDF. One opposite pair of these regimes is found to correspond to the positive and negative phases of the AO/NAM. Since the authors are not sure that, due to uncertainty as suggested by statistical tests, some of the above regimes are non-Gaussian, the nonlinearity of phase-space tendency is employed as an assistant measure to identify them as nonlinear modes. It seems phase-space tendency traditionally estimated from time difference failed to be effective because of its dependence on Δt. To overcome this drawback a low-order stochastic dynamical model is established empirically from the indices. The investigation on the basic deterministic dynamics of this model suggests that the existence of regimes, such as those associated with the AO/NAM, can primarily be explained by its nonlinear deterministic part. However, two problems still remain unsolved: 1) one of the local maxima was almost not identified and 2) life cycles of the basic deterministic dynamics are too long to be related to the low-frequency variability. By introducing a multilevel approach of modeling, further insight into the residual noise of the above stochastic model can address these two issues quite well.
On the Transition from Profile Altimeter to Swath Altimeter for Observing Global Ocean Surface Topography
Authors: Fu Lee-Lueng , Ubelmann Clement 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Conventional radar altimeter makes measurement of sea surface height (SSH) in one-dimensional profiles along the ground tracks of a satellite. Such profiles are combined via various mapping techniques to construct two-dimensional SSH maps, providing a valuable data record over the past two decades for studying the global ocean circulation and sea level change. However, the spatial resolution of the SSH is limited by both coarse sampling across the satellite tracks and the instrument error in the profile measurements. A new satellite mission based on radar interferometry offers the capability of making high-resolution wide-swath measurement of SSH. This mission is called Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), which will demonstrate the application of swath altimeter to both oceanography and land hydrology. This paper presents a brief introduction to the design of SWOT, its performance specification for SSH, and the anticipated spatial resolution and coverage, demonstrating the promise of SWOT for fundamental advancement in observing SSH. A main objective of the paper is to address issues in the anticipated transition of conventional profile altimetry to swath altimetry in the future—in particular, the need for consistency of the new observing system with the old for extending the existing data record into the future. A viable approach is to carry a profile altimeter in the SWOT payload to provide calibration and validation of the new measurement against the old at large scales. This is the baseline design of SWOT. The unique advantages of the approach are discussed in the context of a new standard for observing the global SSH in the future.
Metacognitive training for patients with schizophrenia: Preliminary evidence for a targeted, single-module programme
Authors: Balzan Ryan P , Delfabbro Paul H , Galletly Cherrie A , Woodward Todd S 
Published: October 2013

Objective: Metacognitive training is an eight-module, group-based treatment programme for people with schizophrenia that targets the cognitive biases (i.e. problematic thinking styles) thought to contribute to the genesis and maintenance of delusions. The present article is an investigation into the efficacy of a shorter, more targeted, single-module metacognitive training programme, administered individually, which focuses specifically on improving cognitive biases that are thought to be driven by a ‘hypersalience of evidence-hypothesis matches’ mechanism (e.g. jumping to conclusions, belief inflexibility, reasoning heuristics, illusions of control). It was hypothesised that a more targeted metacognitive training module could still improve performance on these bias tasks and reduce delusional ideation, while improving insight and quality of life. Method: A sample of 28 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and mild delusions either participated in the hour-long, single-session, targeted metacognitive training programme ( n = 14), or continued treatment as usual ( n = 14). All patients were assessed using clinical measures gauging overall positive symptomology, delusional ideation, quality of life and insight, and completed two cognitive bias tasks designed to elucidate the representativeness and illusion of control biases. Results: After a 2-week, post-treatment interval, targeted metacognitive training patients exhibited significant decreases in delusional severity and conviction, significantly improved clinical insight, and significant improvements on the cognitive bias tasks, relative to the treatment-as-usual controls. Performance improvements on the cognitive bias tasks significantly correlated with the observed reductions in overall positive symptomology. Patients also evaluated the training positively. Conclusions: Although interpretations of these results are limited due to the lack of an optimally designed, randomised controlled trial and a small sample size, the results are promising and warrant further investigation into targeted versions of the metacognitive training programme.
Impact of a Focused Nutrition Educational Intervention Coupled With Improved Access to Fresh Produce on Purchasing Behavior and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables in Overweight Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Weinstein Eleanor , Galindo Rodolfo J. , Fried Martin , Rucker Lisa , Davis Nichola J. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the impact of distributing coupons redeemable at farmers markets plus an educational intervention on fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchase and consumption in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Seventy-eight participants with T2DM being followed at Jacobi Medical Center, a large public hospital in the Bronx, New York, were randomized to receive the standard of care or a 1-hour session focused on benefits of F&V consumption and $6 in coupons. Questionnaires assessed demographics, F&V intake, and farmers market purchasing at baseline and 12 weeks. Clinical parameters were obtained through chart review at baseline and at 12 weeks. Results Participants were predominantly Latino, females, and low income. At 12 weeks, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of participants in the intervention arm who reported purchasing from a farmers market. In addition, there was a minimal increase in fresh fruit intake in the intervention arm at 12 weeks. Conclusion Focused education combined with a small economic incentive resulted in an increase in purchasing behavior and fresh fruit intake per day. A more intense behavioral intervention combined with increased access may result in a significant impact on obesity and diabetes, particularly among low-income and racially diverse communities.