bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream ecosystem responses to an extreme rainfall event across multiple catchments in southeast Alaska
Authors: Robertson Anne L. , Brown Lee E. , Klaar Megan J. , Milner Alexander M. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Floods are a key component of the flow regime of many rivers and a major structuring force of stream communities. Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme rainfall (i.e. return intervals >100 years) leading to extensive flooding, but the ecological effects of such events are not well understood. Comparative studies of flood impacts are scarce, despite the clear need to understand the potentially contingent responses of multiple independent stream systems to extreme weather occurring at meso‐ and synoptic spatial scales.

We describe the effect of an extreme rainfall event affecting an area >100 000 km2 that caused extensive flooding in SE Alaska. Responses of channel morphology and three key biological groups (meiofauna, macroinvertebrates and fish) were assessed in four separate and recently deglaciated stream catchments of contrasting age (38–180 years) by comparing samples taken before and after the event.

Ecological responses to the rainfall and subsequent flooding differed markedly across the four catchments in response to variations in rainfall intensity and to factors such as channel morphology, stream sediment composition and catchment vegetation type and cover, which were themselves related to stream age.

Our study demonstrates the value of considering multiple response variables when assessing the effects of extreme events, and highlights the potential for contrasting biological responses to extreme events across catchments. We advocate more comparative studies to understand how extreme rainfall and flooding affects ecosystem responses across multiple catchments.
The implication of irrigation in climate change impact assessment: a European‐wide study
Authors: Zhao Gang , Webber Heidi , Hoffmann Holger , Wolf Joost , Siebert Stefan , Ewert Frank 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study evaluates the impacts of projected climate change on irrigation requirements and yields of six crops (winter wheat, winter barley, rapeseed, grain maize, potato, and sugar beet) in Europe. Furthermore, the uncertainty deriving from consideration of irrigation, CO2 effects on crop growth and transpiration, and different climate change scenarios in climate change impact assessments is quantified. Net irrigation requirement (NIR) and yields of the six crops were simulated for a baseline (1982–2006) and three SRES scenarios (B1, B2 and A1B, 2040–2064) under rainfed and irrigated conditions, using a process‐based crop model, SIMPLACE <LINTUL5, DRUNIR, HEAT>. We found that projected climate change decreased NIR of the three winter crops in northern Europe (up to 81 mm), but increased NIR of all the six crops in the Mediterranean regions (up to 182 mm yr−1). Climate change increased yields of the three winter crops and sugar beet in middle and northern regions (up to 36%), but decreased their yields in Mediterranean countries (up to 81%). Consideration of CO2 effects can alter the direction of change in NIR for irrigated crops in the south and of yields for C3 crops in central and northern Europe. Constraining the model to rainfed conditions for spring crops led to a negative bias in simulating climate change impacts on yields (up to 44%), which was proportional to the irrigation ratio of the simulation unit. Impacts on NIR and yields were generally consistent across the three SRES scenarios for the majority of regions in Europe. We conclude that due to the magnitude of irrigation and CO2 effects, they should both be considered in the simulation of climate change impacts on crop production and water availability, particularly for crops and regions with a high proportion of irrigated crop area.
Selective balloon‐occluded transarterial chemoembolization for patients with one or two hepatocellular carcinoma nodules: Retrospective comparison with conventional super‐selective TACE
Authors: Irie Toshiyuki , Kuramochi Masashi , Kamoshida Toshiro , Takahashi Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2015

AimSelective balloon‐occluded transarterial chemoembolization (B‐TACE) enables strong TACE; infusion of more volume of lipiodol emulsion and forceful injection of embolization materials. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of B‐TACE for patients with one or two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules compared with conventional super‐selective TACE using a microcatheter (C‐TACE).MethodsWe retrospectively selected patients without previous history of TACE, with one or two HCC nodules, with performance status 0/1, and with liver function of Child–Pugh score A/B. Between 2008 and 2010, a 3‐Fr microballoon catheter was used for targeted TACE (B‐TACE group). Between 2005 and 2008, a 2‐Fr microcatheter was used (C‐TACE group). Control rates of primary nodule, overall survival rates and tumor‐free rates in the liver were calculated for each group using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed to compare between the groups using the log–rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed for analysis of prognostic factors using Cox’s proportional hazard model. The factors were B‐TACE versus C‐TACE, Child–Pugh score A versus B, single nodule versus double, large nodule versus small , elder versus not, and prior radiofrequency ablation treatment versus not.ResultsControl rates of the primary nodule were improved by B‐TACE. B‐TACE was an independent factor to improve both control rates of the primary nodule and overall survival rates. Child–Pugh score A was an independent factor to increase overall survival rates. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival or tumor‐free survival rates between the groups.ConclusionB‐TACE was an independent factor to improve overall survival rates on multivariate analysis, but there was no significant difference in overall survival rates between B‐TACE and C‐TACE groups on univariate analysis.
Serum level of taurine would be associated with the amelioration of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Saito Masaya , Hirano Hirotaka , Yano Yoshihiko , Momose Kenji , Yoshida Masaru , Azuma Takeshi 
Published: July 2015

AimA variety of treatment modalities including L‐carnitine have been tried for cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), which improved MHE for some patients, but were not effective for the other patients. We aimed to identify pre‐therapeutic independent factors to predict the amelioration of MHE after L‐carnitine treatment.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study on a total of 64 consecutive outpatients of cirrhotic patients who underwent blood biochemical examinations and neuropsychiatric (NP) test at Kobe University Hospital. MHE patients diagnosed by the NP test were p.o. administrated L‐carnitine for 3 months. The patients with and without MHE amelioration were compared, and the independent factors were statistically examined. Predictive scoring systems of the amelioration of MHE were established using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe amelioration of MHE was found in 45.8% of MHE patients. Serum taurine before the treatment was the best predictive factor of the amelioration of MHE (P = 0.046). The predictive model using serum taurine discriminated well between patients with and without the amelioration of MHE (area under the receiver–operator curve, 0.748; 95% confidence interval, 0.531–0.901). The predictive scores of the amelioration of MHE enable the patient‐specific probability to be easily looked up.ConclusionSerum taurine before L‐carnitine treatment was shown to be an independent factor associated with the amelioration of MHE 3 months after the treatment. The easy pre‐therapeutic prediction of MHE amelioration after L‐carnitine treatment would help in improving awareness of the selection of MHE patients with good response to L‐carnitine, thus being beneficial from a financial perspective.
Thermoresponsive latexes for fragrance encapsulation and release
Authors: Popadyuk N. , Popadyuk A. , Kohut A. , Voronov A. 
Published: July 2015

SynopsisObjectiveTo synthesize cross‐linked latex particles protecting the encapsulated fragrance at ambient temperatures and facilitating the release of cargo at the temperature of the surface of the skin that varies in different regions of the body between 33.5 and 36.9°C. Poly(stearyl acrylate) (PSA), a polymer with long crystallizable alkyl side chains (undergoes order–disorder transitions at 45°C), was chosen as the main component of the polymer particles. As a result, new thermoresponsive polymer particles for fragrance encapsulation were synthesized and characterized, including assessing the performance of particles in triggered release by elevated temperature.MethodsTo obtain network domains of various crystallinity, stearyl acrylate was copolymerized with dipropylene glycol acrylate caprylate (DGAC) (comonomer) in the presence of a dipropylene glycol diacrylate sebacate (cross‐linker) using the miniemulsion process. Comonomers and a cross‐linker were mixed directly in a fragrance during polymerization. Fragrance release was evaluated at 25, 31, 35 and 39°C to demonstrate a new material potential in personal/health care skin‐related applications.ResultsParticles protect the fragrance from evaporation at 25°C. The fragrance release rate gradually increases at 31, 35 and 39°C. Two slopes were found on release plots. The first slope corresponds to a rapid fragrance release. The second slope indicates a subsequent reduction in the release rate.ConclusionCrystalline‐to‐amorphous transition of PSA triggers the release of fragrances from cross‐linked latex particles at elevated temperatures. The presence of the encapsulated fragrance, as well as the inclusion of amorphous fragments in the polymer network, reduces the particle crystallinity and enhances the release. Release profiles can be tuned by temperature and controlled by the amount of loaded fragrance and the ratio of comonomers in the feed mixture.
Fifty shades of yellow: a review of the xanthodermatoses
Authors: Frew John W. , Murrell Dédée F. , Haber Richard M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe xanthodermatoses consist of a heterogeneous group of cutaneous disorders characterized by the macroscopic yellow hue seen on examination. This hue is attributable to the chemical structure of the accumulating substances within the skin or surrounding tissues. The most common culprits are lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), elastin, and bilirubin. Exogenous sources of yellow pigment include yellow dyes (including hennas) and metal salts. This article will focus on recognition of these entities, classified in terms of morphology and the site of initial eruption, in order to support the recognition and diagnosis of these widely variable conditions.
Physicochemical properties of soya bean protein gel prepared by microbial transglutaminase in the presence of okara
Authors: Yan Wang , Kun Yu , Yang Xu , Li Guo , Xianfeng Du 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe influences of okara on the gelling and secondary protein structure of soya protein isolate (SPI) were investigated. Okara was ultra‐refined by high‐pressure homogenisation. The resulting particle sizes and microscopic morphologies were determined using a laser particle size analyser and a confocal laser scanning microscope, respectively. After okara homogenisation, surface area average particle size (D32) decreased from 49.68 to 23.29 μm and volume average particle size (D43) decreased from 118.94 to 55.08 μm. Dynamic rheological measurements showed that the storage (G′) and loss (G′′) moduli of SPI gelled in the presence of okara were mostly higher than those of SPI gels alone and were increased as the okara amounts increased. Linear law analysis revealed that SPI–okara gels were weak gels and frequency independent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that okara and transglutaminase influenced the prevalence of α‐helices, β‐turns, β‐sheet and random coils.
Molecular understanding of Indian untransfused thalassemia intermedia
Authors: Nadkarni A. , Dabke P. , Colah R. , Ghosh K. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe term thalassemia intermedia describe a form of thalassemia of intermediate severity, between the major transfusion‐dependent forms of the disease and the symptomless carrier states. The phenotypic diversity of β‐thalassemia results from its underlying genetic diversity. The wide clinical variability of these conditions leads to major difficulties in their management. The molecular basis of thalassemia intermedia is very heterogeneous. The clinical and hematological course of β‐thalassemia intermedia is influenced by a number of genetic factors.Methods and ResultsThe main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of globin and nonglobin genetic modifiers on clinical severity of the disease. The study group consisted of 66 homozygous patients with β‐thalassemia [40 transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT), 26 nontransfusion‐dependent thalassemia (NTDT)]. Hepatosplenomegaly was pronounced in the NTDT group. The presence of associated α‐thalassemia was significantly higher in untransfused patients (P < 0.05). The milder β‐thalassemia mutations, such as Cap site +1 (A→C), −88 (C→T), and −87 (C→G), were observed mainly in the NTDT group (9.61%) as against patients with TDT (1.25%). The cis‐DNA haplotypes, motifs, or polymorphisms around the gamma‐globin genes [(AT)x(T)y motif (38.4%), XmnI (76.92%)and the Aγ‐δ intergenic region haplotype T (73.07%) and Pre Gγ globin gene haplotype TAG (46.15%)] contributed significantly in amelioration of the disease severity.ConclusionOur study emphasizes the complexity of genetic interactions that underlie the phenotype of β‐thalassemia and highlights the importance of epistatic factors and the regulation of HbF production in β‐thalassemia syndromes.
Leishman and Giemsa stain: a new reliable staining technique for blood/bone marrow smears
Authors: Gajendra S. , Jha B. , Goel S. , Sahni T. , Sharma R. , Shariq M. , Jaiswal S. , Sachdev R. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIntroductionPeripheral blood and bone marrow smear examination is an important basic tool for the diagnosis of different haematological conditions including haematological malignancies. We created a newer modification of the conventional Leishman and Giemsa stains as Leishman and Giemsa (L&G) stain and compared the efficacy and reliability of this stain with conventional stains. The study was performed to evaluate the staining efficacy, feasibility, time and cost of L&G stain over the conventional Leishman and Giemsa stains.MethodsA pilot study was carried out in the Department of Haematology of our hospital from October 2013 to December 2013. Hundred selected cases, each with peripheral blood and bone marrow smears were taken, and three sets of the smears were prepared from each sample – one for L&G stain and other two – one each for conventional Leishman and Giemsa stains. This staining is further incorporated in our routine standard operating protocols for staining of all the peripheral blood smears in automated stainer, Sysmex SP10.ResultThe average grading score from each staining methods from all the three experts was compiled. The average grading score of L&G staining method was noted to be significantly higher than the other two methods (analysis of variance test, P value < 0.05). When modified L&G stain (C) was compared with stain conventional stains (A and B), a P value of <0.001 was noted in all parameters except between Leishman stain and L&G stain in mature RBC and WBC nucleus and RBC inclusions (P value between 0.05 and 0.001).ConclusionL&G staining is a newer staining technique of immense help in high‐throughput haematology laboratories by offering a time‐saving, cost‐effective and better staining option to conventional staining methods. It gives a better nuclear and cytoplasmic differential staining and can also be used in automated blood counters/stainer.
Enumeration of the facets of cut polytopes over some highly symmetric graphs
Authors: Deza Michel , Dutour Sikirić Mathieu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report here a computation giving the complete list of facets for the cut polytopes over several very symmetric graphs with 15–30 edges, including K8, K3, 3, 3, K1, 4, 4, K5, 5, some other , , , Möbius ladder M14, dodecahedron, Heawood, and Petersen graphs. For K8, it shows that the huge list of facets of the cut polytope CUTP8 and cut cone CUT8, given in the literature is complete. We also confirm the conjecture that any facet of CUTP8 is adjacent to a triangle facet. The lists of facets for with solve problems in the quantum information theory.
Field Evaluation of Cocksfoot, Tall Fescue and Phalaris for Dry Marginal Environments of South‐Eastern Australia. 2. Persistence
Authors: Culvenor R. A. , Clark S. G. , Harris C. A. , Hayes R. C. , Li G. D. , Nie Z. N. , Norton M. R. , Partington D. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPerennial grasses provide forage and environmental benefits in the agricultural systems of southern Australia, but persistent cultivars are lacking for the lower rainfall inland margins (<600 mm average annual rainfall). Potential new cultivars of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = syn. Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) have been developed in response to this need. These and older cultivars were evaluated for persistence at five sites in south‐eastern Australia from 2009 to 2013. A wide range in rainfall was experienced, but survival was principally reduced by a severe spring–summer–autumn drought in the final year in which all species began to decline in persistence once the spring 2012 to autumn 2013 cumulative climatic moisture deficit became higher than about 700 mm and declined very severely at deficits over 1000 mm. The highly summer‐dormant cocksfoot ssp. hispanica control cultivar Kasbah showed outstanding survival of this event in the cropping zone of southern New South Wales, but not at the drier of two sites with acidic soils in central Victorian where all cocksfoot cultivars showed similar survival. Potential new summer‐active tall fescue cultivars survived well at the higher rainfall Victorian site and under high rainfall in northern NSW. All tall fescue cultivars experienced high mortality during a period of high moisture stress in the spring of the establishment year in southern NSW, but the Mediterranean cultivar Grasslands Flecha MaxP gradually recovered. Differences among phalaris cultivars were not large with new cultivars of North African origin being marginally more persistent at the drier site in southern NSW. Comparisons with results from the Mediterranean Basin are discussed. Although there was no clear evidence of differences in persistence between the new and old cultivars, some of the new cultivars were considered to show potential for commercial release.
Daylength, Temperature and Solar Radiation Effects on the Phenology and Yield Formation of Spring Durum Wheat
Authors: Villegas D. , Alfaro C. , Ammar K. , Cátedra M. M. , Crossa J. , García del Moral L. F. , Royo C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFuture food security will depend on crop adaptation to changing environments. We studied the limitations imposed by daylength, temperature and solar radiation on wheat yield in eight field experiments conducted at contrasting northern latitudes and involving 42 adapted spring durum wheat genotypes of divergent phenology, and reduced or without photoperiod sensitivity. Air temperatures averaged from sowing to anthesis (SA) increased from northern to southern sites, while daylength and minimum temperatures from anthesis to maturity (grain filling, GF) followed the opposite trend, due to differences in the latitude of sites. The site effect explained 96 % of the variation in the number of days SA, which was much smaller in southern sites. Average minimum daily temperatures above 6.9 °C before anthesis and below 10.8 °C during GF accompanied by photoperiods during GF of less than 14.2 h resulted in less than 14 000 kernels m−2, which was the threshold below which kernel number limited yield. Radiation during GF lower than 1.8 kJ kernel−1 day−1 limited kernel weight, which was then a constraint to the achievement of yield potential.
An integrative review: understanding driving retirement decisions for individuals living with a dementia
Authors: Andrew Catherine , Traynor Victoria , Iverson Don 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo synthesise primary research exploring decision making practices used to determine the time to retire from driving for individuals living with a dementia.BackgroundDriving requires complex cognitive and physical skills potentially compromised due to the progressive nature of dementia. Whilst on‐road assessments are considered reliable indicators of driving capacity by clinicians, drivers with dementia disagree.DesignIntegrative literature review informed by Whittemore & Knafl (2005).Data sourcesElectronic database search of Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar 1997–2012; and incremental hand search.Review methodsPrimary studies published in peer reviewed journals were appraised against quality assessment criteria using CASP methodological assessment tools.ResultsA total of 43 studies were retained for synthesis. Key findings were abstracted and a themes matrix was generated to identify patterns of meaning. Six themes emerged: (i) dementia may compromise the complex task of driving; (ii) defining onset and severity of dementia is problematic; (iii) symptom progression impacts on driving skills; (iv) assessment of fitness to drive remains subjective; (v) some drivers are reluctant to accept negative assessment outcomes; and (vi) the search for effective strategies to enhance acceptance of driver retirement continues.ConclusionThis integrative literature review identified a large body of knowledge exploring the issues of driving cessation for drivers with dementia. However a challenge remains for practitioners, drivers and their family carers regarding how best to address this highly emotive issue. Findings could inform a structured approach to address this sensitive topic in a timely manner.
Organizational identification and “currencies of exchange”: integrating social identity and social exchange perspectives
Authors: Tavares Susana M. , van Knippenberg Daan , van Dick Rolf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe integrate social exchange and social identity perspectives to propose and test the prediction that depending on their level of organizational identification, people may reciprocate the received organizational support using different “currencies of exchange”—reducing turnover intentions or, instead, engaging in extra‐role behavior. Specifically, the relationship of perceived organizational support (POS) with turnover intentions is proposed to be stronger with lower identification, whereas POS is proposed to be more closely related to extra‐role behavior with higher organizational identification. These predictions were supported in a cross‐sectional survey of N = 1,000 employees of a financial services firm. These results speak to the added value of integrating the social exchange perspective with its roots in applied psychology and the social identity perspective with its roots in social psychology in understanding the employee‐organization relationship.