bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social networks and reputation incentives: Does directorship prestige influence effort?
Authors: Intintoli Vincent J. , Moursli Reda M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing social network theory, we measure the reputation of boards and directors based on the centrality of their respective networks. Directors commit greater effort, as measured by actual director attendance rates, to directorships they consider more prestigious. Results are robust to controlling for standard proxies of reputation as well as using alternative measures of centrality to identify prestigious directorships. We find similar results when examining exogenous shocks to relative directorship rankings; effort improves for directorships that increase in ranking following the shock. Our findings outline the importance directors place on the perceived reputational value of their directorships.
Species interactions amplify functional group responses to elevated CO2 and N enrichment in a 24‐year grassland experiment
Authors: Mohanbabu Neha , Isbell Forest , Hobbie Sarah E. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlant functional groups (FGs) differ in their response to global changes, although species within those groups also vary in such responses. Both species and FG responses to global change are likely influenced by species interactions such as inter‐specific competition and facilitation, which are prevalent in species mixtures but not monocultures. As most studies focus on responses of plants growing in either monocultures or mixtures, but rarely both, it remains unclear how interspecific interactions in diverse ecological communities, especially among species in different FGs, modify FG responses to global changes. To address these issues, we leveraged data from a 16‐species, 24‐year perennial grassland experiment to examine plant FG biomass responses to atmospheric CO2, and N inputs at different planted diversity. FGs differed in their responses to N and CO2 treatments in monocultures. Such differences were amplified in mixtures, where N enrichment strongly increased C3 grass success at ambient CO2 and C4 grass success at elevated CO2. Legumes declined with N enrichment in mixtures at both CO2 levels and increased with elevated CO2 in the initial years of the experiment. Our results suggest that previous studies that considered responses to global changes in monocultures may underestimate biomass changes in diverse communities where interspecific interactions can amplify responses. Such effects of interspecific interactions on responses of FGs to global change may impact community composition over time and consequently influence ecosystem functions.
Matrix compositions and their impact on grain growth and strength of oxide ceramic composites
Authors: Almeida Renato S. M. , Rech Marcelo B. R. , Condi Mainardi Jéssica , Tushtev Kamen , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOxide ceramic matrix composites (Ox‐CMCs) are composed of porous matrices reinforced by dense fibers to achieve high damage tolerance. It is generally assumed that their mechanical properties are fiber dominant. However, fiber strength can also be influenced by the surrounding matrix as it can affect fiber grain growth. Fiber–matrix interactions are studied in this work regarding fiber microstructural evolution and composite strength. Minicomposites containing Nextel 610 fibers and different matrix compositions (alumina, alumina–zirconia, and mullite–alumina) are evaluated after sintering and after additional heat treatment at 1200°C for 100 h. Fiber grain growth during sintering is faster in alumina matrix and slower in mullite–alumina matrix. Scanning transmission electron microscope–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (STEM–EDX) measurements show that Si diffuses between fiber and matrix grain boundaries. This outward or inward diffusion of SiO2 leads to the respectively different grain growth kinetics. Grain growth inhibition in alumina–zirconia matrix is only observed after the longer heat treatment, suggesting that ZrO2 diffusion is slower than SiO2. The resultant composite strength depends not only on fiber properties, but also on matrix densification. Minicomposite with alumina–zirconia matrix showed higher strength, while mullite–alumina composites showed higher thermal stability. In summary, the properties of Ox‐CMCs can be tailored by adjusting the matrix composition with the used fibers.
Perceptions of game‐based education among parents during the perinatal period: A mixed studies review
Authors: Lim Cheng Yee , Chan Pao Yi , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundExperiential education, particularly through game‐based approaches, has gained recognition for effectively addressing the myriad challenges faced by expectant parents.AimTo consolidate and synthesize the available evidence regarding expectant parents' experiences of game‐based perinatal education.DesignA mixed studies review.Data SourcesSix electronic databases were searched from their inception until March 2024: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.MethodsThis review observed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was guided by Pluye and Hong's (2014) framework for mixed studies review. Quality appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A convergent qualitative synthesis design for mixed studies review was adopted to analyse all findings and thematic analysis was conducted.FindingsThree themes and 10 subthemes were generated from the eight included studies. The main themes were: (1) Exploring novel frontiers to deliver perinatal education, (2) Empowerment through play: Unveiling key insights and (3) Insights and recommendations.ConclusionThe findings suggest that game‐based education holds promise as a valuable tool for equipping expectant parents with the necessary knowledge and skills in an engaging and immersive manner to navigate the challenging perinatal period.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe findings suggest that game‐based education holds promise as a valuable tool for equipping expectant parents with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the challenging perinatal period. Nurses should consider incorporating or developing a game‐based curriculum to supplement current educational classes to encourage parental participation and enhance learning for perinatal education.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the PRISMA reporting guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Trial and Protocol RegistrationA protocol was submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42023447527).
Phylogeography of a western North American white oak shaped by introgression and post‐Pleistocene climate change
Authors: Kanne Rande , Allen Geraldine A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimWe examined range‐wide genetic variation in a widespread white oak species in western North America to determine phylogeographic patterns (including possible latitudinal gradients) and investigate their underlying causes.LocationWestern North America.TaxonQuercus garryana (Fagaceae).MethodsWe sampled Q. garryana at 117 locations throughout its range and related species of white oaks in 8 additional populations. We sequenced DNA from four variable intergenic plastid spacers and the ribosomal nuclear ITS region. We constructed haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees, mapped the geographical distributions of plastid haplotypes, and analysed genetic diversity patterns.ResultsWe identified 25 plastid haplotypes that clustered in two major groups, each showing pronounced genetic variation with latitude. In contrast, ITS showed little or no geographical or phylogenetic variation. Quercus garryana shared several plastid haplotypes with related white oaks and was not differentiated from these species by ITS. Plastid haplotype diversity in Q. garryana was highest in the central part of its range and sharply reduced to the north. Two haplotypes (one from each haplotype group) occurred in the northern third of the range, with only one at the northern range limit. Populations at the southern range limit were characterised by distinct haplotypes.Main ConclusionsGenetic patterns of Q. garryana have been shaped both by post‐Pleistocene climate change, interacting with features of the landscape, and by hybridisation with other white oaks. The species contains substantial genetic variation with strong spatial structuring of plastid haplotypes, indicating (1) early divergence of southern (Sierra Nevada) and northern populations, and (2) northward dispersal during the Holocene resulting in greatly reduced genetic diversity in its northern range. Species that can adjust their ranges with changing climates may remain susceptible to loss of genetic variation, potentially affecting their ability to persist in novel conditions at northern range margins.
Vertical Alveolar Ridge Regeneration by Means of Periosteal Activation—A Proof‐of‐Principle Study
Authors: Saulacic Nikola , Lang Niklaus P. , Corluka Slavko , Mendaña Maria Permuy , Muñoz Guzón Fernando M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the possibility of vertical alveolar ridge augmentation by means of activation of the periosteum.Materials and MethodsSix adult male Beagle dogs were used for the study. All premolars and first molars were extracted, and one vertical saucer‐shaped bony defect was created on each side of the mandible. After 3 months of healing, full‐thickness muco‐periosteal flaps were elevated, and one distraction device was placed on each side of the mandible. The distraction plate was left submerged, and the activation mechanism connected to the distraction rod was exposed intra‐orally. The protocol of periosteal activation (PP: periosteal ‘pumping’) was initiated after a latency of 7 days. The alternation of activation and relaxation at the rate of 0.35 mm/12 h during 5 days was followed by the sole activation of 0.35 mm/12 h for 5 days (PP group). Devices were left inactivated on the contralateral control side of the mandible (C group). All animals were euthanized after 8 weeks of consolidation. Samples were analysed histologically and by means of micro‐CT.ResultsNew mature lamellar bone was formed over the pristine bone in all groups. More intensive signs of bone modelling and remodelling were observed in the PP group compared to the C group. Mean new bone, bone marrow, connective tissue and total volumetric densities were greater in the PP group (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). No differences were observed in the relative area parameters. Total tissue volume and bone volume were higher in the PP group (p = 0.031 and p = 0.076, respectively), while the bone mineral densities were higher in the C group (p = 0.041 and p = 0.003, respectively). Trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation values were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsRegeneration of vertical alveolar bone ridge defects may be enhanced by activation of the periosteum, without the application of bone grafting materials.
Efficacy of interventions for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease): A systematic review and meta‐analysis of proportions
Authors: Petzold Anne , Wessely Anja , Steeb Theresa , Berking Carola , Heppt Markus V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) is a precancerous condition confined to the epidermis of the skin. Despite the critical need for effective interventions to halt its progression, there remains a notable shortage of comprehensive data comparing the efficacy of various therapeutic approaches.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis endeavour to compare the different efficacies of interventions by investigating and synthesizing data from numerous trials.MethodsA pre‐defined protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021242224, registration date: 16 April 2021). Systematic searches in Medline, Embase and Central, along with manual trial register searches, identified studies reporting lesion clearance rates (LCR), participant clearance rates (PCR) or recurrence rates (date of last search: 12 June 2024). Quality assessment followed guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). After the study arms were categorized into treatment groups and groups of study quality, the proportions were pooled using the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) as meta‐analytical method.ResultsA comprehensive inclusion of 71 studies facilitated an evaluation of 3783 lesions for LCR, 1225 patients for PCR, 4073 lesions for lesion recurrence rates (LRR) and 740 patients for participant recurrence rates (PRR). Surgery demonstrated the highest LCR and PCR (0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.99) and the lowest LRR (0.04, 95% CI: 0.02–0.07).ConclusionsThis study provides a thorough overview of reported efficacy outcomes for practice‐relevant interventions for Bowen's disease. Surgery outperformed other treatments for Bowen's disease. For the other intervention groups, it was not possible to show clear differences in effectiveness: LCR, PCR, LRR and PRR showed various treatment rankings, and the comparability was restricted by different numbers of studies between treatment groups and outcome measures, methodical and clinical heterogeneity. Further high‐quality studies are needed to investigate practice‐relevant interventions for Bowen's disease.
Additive inclusion in plastic life cycle assessments part I: Review of mechanical recycling studies
Authors: Logan H. , Astrup T. F. , Damgaard A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the European Union transitions to the circular use of plastics, robust life cycle assessments are crucial in understanding and preparing for this new economy. Additives are essential to the production of all plastics but were reported as missing from life cycle assessments (LCAs) of plastic materials a decade ago. This study expands upon previous research by investigating if plastic additive impacts are now included in LCAs of recycled plastic materials or if they are still absent. In part I, we conduct a systematic literature review of 93 LCAs on plastics, including mechanical recycling pathways, and distinguish if plastic additive impacts are considered in (i) in‐text discussions and (ii) the life cycle inventories (LCIs) of each study. We then compare the types of additive inclusion within the corpus to ascertain whether author knowledge or data availability dictates additive inclusion in plastic LCAs. We find that data disclosure and detailed discussions of specific additive impacts are missing across the corpus due to poor transparency in LCI disclosure or overly generic disclosures of additives. The lack of detailed and transparent discussions and disclosure indicates that additive impacts are missing from LCAs of recycled plastic materials, leading to incomplete analyses of their impacts. Until addressed, such a gap may lead to inaccurate or incomplete circular plastic material LCAs. In part II, we assess the quality of generic disclosures and explore how database quality and transparency have contributed to additive omissions in LCAs.
Misremembering Solitude: The Role of Personality and Cultural Self‐Concepts in Shaping Discrepancies Between Recalled and Concurrent Affect in Solitude
Authors: Lay Jennifer C. , Ho Yuen Wan , Tse Dwight C. K. , Tse Jimmy T. K. , Jiang Da 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAffect recall is key to psychological assessment and decision‐making. However, self‐concepts (self‐beliefs) may bias retrospective affect reports such that they deviate from lived experiences. Does this experience‐memory gap apply to solitude experiences? We hypothesized that individuals misremember how they feel overall and when in solitude, in line with self‐concepts of introversion, self‐determined/not‐self‐determined solitude motivations, and independent/interdependent self‐construal. A pilot study comparing retrospective to daily affect reports captured over 2 weeks (N = 104 UK university students) provided preliminary evidence of introversion and not‐self‐determined solitude shaping affect recall.MethodsIn the main pre‐registered study, participants aged 18–49 in the UK (N = 160) and Hong Kong (N = 159) reported their momentary affective states and social situations 5 times per day over 7 days, then recalled how they felt over the week.Results and DiscussionIndividuals higher in self‐determined solitude were more prone to retrospectively overestimate their high‐ and low‐arousal positive affect in solitude and showed less overestimation/more underestimation of negative affect in solitude. Higher not‐self‐determined solitude was associated with overestimating loneliness, and higher interdependent self‐construal with overestimating loneliness and energy levels, in solitude. Comparisons based on residence/ethnicity suggest culture influences solitude‐seeking and affective memory. Implications for well‐being and affect measurement are discussed.
Global drivers influencing vegetation during succession: Factors and implications
Authors: Janečková Petra , Tichý Lubomír , Walker Lawrence R. , Prach Karel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuestionFollowing a significant disturbance, vegetation development may, or may not reach the desired target. Here, we examine which relevant global environmental factors have a substantial impact on the course of spontaneous vegetation succession, and what their relative relevance is in achieving the desired outcome.LocationWorldwide.MethodsThe outcome of vegetation changes in 528 studies describing spontaneous succession worldwide was classified at a simple, semi‐quantitative scale: fully‐successful, partly‐successful, and unsuccessful, considering 10 different types of disturbances. Latitude, climatic factors (mean annual temperature, annual temperature range, mean annual precipitation, seasonality of precipitation), and biological factors (number of vascular plant species, and number of invasive alien species) were considered as explanatory variables. The ordination method (principal coordinate analysis) was used to visualize relationships among variables and their relationships to succession outcomes. For a detailed insight into the importance of the particular variables, we applied machine learning techniques, specifically one called “conditional random forest”. In addition, the effect of different types of initial disturbance was assessed using Generalized Linear Models.ResultsGlobally, disturbance type emerged as the most influential factor in determining succession outcomes. The most successful were results from recovering vegetation after fire, whereas the most unsuccessful were those after volcano eruptions. For climatic factors, the success of succession decreased with a low annual temperature range and high temperature mean. Biological factors such as the number of invasive alien species and species richness had the least but significant influence on the succession success.ConclusionsThe most relevant factor determining the outcome of spontaneous succession was disturbance type, followed by temperature variables. Notably, latitude emerged as a practical proxy for many ecologically relevant factors. Therefore, we conclude that latitude may be a valuable predictor of the success of succession and, consequently, of the success of ecological restoration projects that are based on spontaneous succession.
Characterizing feral swine movement across the contiguous United States using neural networks and genetic data
Authors: Giglio Rachael M. , Bowden Courtney F. , Brook Ryan K. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Smyser Timothy J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobalization has led to the frequent movement of species out of their native habitat. Some of these species become highly invasive and capable of profoundly altering invaded ecosystems. Feral swine (Sus scrofa × domesticus) are recognized as being among the most destructive invasive species, with populations established on all continents except Antarctica. Within the United States (US), feral swine are responsible for extensive crop damage, the destruction of native ecosystems, and the spread of disease. Purposeful human‐mediated movement of feral swine has contributed to their rapid range expansion over the past 30 years. Patterns of deliberate introduction of feral swine have not been well described as populations may be established or augmented through small, undocumented releases. By leveraging an extensive genomic database of 18,789 samples genotyped at 35,141 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we used deep neural networks to identify translocated feral swine across the contiguous US. We classified 20% (3364/16,774) of sampled animals as having been translocated and described general patterns of translocation using measures of centrality in a network analysis. These findings unveil extensive movement of feral swine well beyond their dispersal capabilities, including individuals with predicted origins >1000 km away from their sampling locations. Our study provides insight into the patterns of human‐mediated movement of feral swine across the US and from Canada to the northern areas of the US. Further, our study validates the use of neural networks for studying the spread of invasive species.
From tree to plot: investigating stem CO2 efflux and its drivers along a logging gradient in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Mills Maria B. , Both Sabine , Jotan Palasiah , Huaraca Huasco Walter , Cruz Rudi , Pillco Milenka M. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Maycock Colin , Malhi Yadvinder , Ewers Robert M. , Berrio Juan Carlos , Kaduk Jörg , Page Susan , Robert Rolando , Teh Yit A. , Riutta Terhi 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Stem respiration constitutes a substantial proportion of autotrophic respiration in forested ecosystems, but its drivers across different spatial scales and land‐use gradients remain poorly understood. This study quantifies and examines the impact of logging disturbance on stem CO2 efflux (EA) in Malaysian Borneo.

EA was quantified at tree‐ and stand‐level in nine 1‐ha plots over a logging gradient from heavily logged to old‐growth using the static chamber method.

Tree‐level results showed higher EA per unit stem area in logged vs old‐growth plots (37.0 ± 1.1 vs 26.92 ± 1.14 g C m−2 month−1). However, at stand‐level, there was no difference in EA between logged and old‐growth plots (6.7 ± 1.1 vs 6.0 ± 0.7 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) due to greater stem surface area in old‐growth plots. Allocation to growth respiration and carbon use efficiency was significantly higher in logged plots. Variation in EA at both tree‐ and stand‐level was driven by tree size, growth and differences in investment strategies between the forest types.

These results reflect different resource allocation strategies and priorities, with a priority for growth in response to increased light availability in logged plots, while old‐growth plots prioritise maintenance and cell structure.