bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fit-for-Purpose Under-reaming Blades Design and Total System Approach Helped Drill a Challenging 18 1/8-in. × 22-in. Section 20 Days Ahead of AFE in Deepwater Exploration Well Offshore Brazil
Authors: Pacheco L.. , Desousa J. H. , Thomson I.. , Freesz M.. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Historically, deepwater offshore Brazil underreaming operations in large hole sizes (bigger than 20 in.) were always considered a significant challenge due to the presence of hard, abrasive interbeded formations in these sections. These challenges were typically associated with premature underreamers cutting structure damage and with bottomhole assembly (BHA) or drillstring catastrophic failures. These situations have caused extra costs to operators to implement remedial solutions, such as enlarging a pre-drilled hole or performing expensive fishing operations.
Downhole vibrations, along with underreamers' cutting structure durability had been the main villains in this type of operation. Recently, many options have been tried by operators and service companies including the selection of various drill bit types to improve drilling dynamics, and the use of non-conventional BHAs with underreamers in tandem to enhance the system's longevity. In spite of these efforts, the problems have remained.
A total systems approach was implemented to overcome these problems in a particularly challenging application offshore Brazil, where in the closest offset seven underreamer runs were needed to enlarge 850 meters. As the goal was maximizing the likelihood of drilling and underreaming the entire section in a single run, the under-reamer was equipped with a specialized heavy-duty cutting structure design. The design consisted of an optimized blade profile with increased cutter density and the latest newest technology in PDC cutters with improved impact and abrasion resistance. Along with the fit-for-purpose underreamer design, it also utilized a concentric expandable stabilizer on top of the underreamer to reduce downhole vibrations and a real-time drilling dynamics service to monitor downhole torque, weight on bit and vibrations to adjust drilling parameters as needed during the operation.
This concept was introduced for the first time in a big-bore project in Brazil. Proper planning and integration between the operator and service company resulted in drilling and underreaming 1,164 meters in a single run, with a total of 304 circulating hours. This accomplishment finalized the 1818-in. × 22-in. section twenty days ahead of the planned AFE.
Modeling and Field Trials of the Effective Tractoring Force of Axial Vibration Tools
Authors: Wicks Nathan , Pabon Jahir , Zheng Andrew 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
There are a significant number of extended reach wells that cannot be effectively intervened to total depth due to tubing string lock-up. If the horizontal section of the wellbore is sufficiently long, the axial compressive load conveying the tubing into the wellbore will cause the tubing to buckle. Buckling initiates in a sinusoidal mode and progresses to a helical mode. Once the tubing buckles helically, the string quickly locks-up due to increased normal forces and frictional interaction with the wellbore.
Several commercial vibration devices attempt to extend intervention depths in extended reach wells. One of the primary modes of vibration employed in these devices is axial. We have developed a simulation tool to enhance understanding of how axial vibration devices extend reach. In the first section, we introduce a 1D finite rigid body dynamic model. This computational tool models the propagation of axial excitation in the presence of borehole frictional contact. In the second section, we demonstrate that the reach extension of axial vibration tools can be represented by an effective tractoring force, which is dependent upon vibration amplitude and injection speed. In the third section, we present field trial results of an axial vibration tool currently under development. Using tool output measured via a downhole force gauge, we compare reach extension seen in the field trials with modeling predictions.
An Efficient Multiscale Method for the Simulation of In-situ Conversion Processes
Authors: Li Hangyu , Vink Jeroen C. , Alpak Faruk O. 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Numerical modeling of the in-situ conversion process (ICP) is a challenging endeavor involving thermal multiphase flow, compositional pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) behavior, and chemical reactions that convert solid kerogen into light hydrocarbons, which are tightly coupled to temperature propagation. Our investigations of grid-resolution effects on the accuracy and performance of ICP simulations have demonstrated that ICP-simulation outcomes—specifically, chemical-reaction rates, kerogen-accumulation profiles, and oil-/gas-production rates, may exhibit relatively large errors on coarse grids. Coarse grids are attractive because they deliver favorable computational performance. We have developed a novel multiscale modeling method for simulating ICP that reduces numerical-modeling errors and reproduces fine-scale-simulation results on relatively coarse grids. The method uses a two-scale solution method, in which the reaction kinetics of the solids is solved locally on a fine-scale grid, with interpolated temperatures obtained from coarse-grid simulations of thermal flow and fluid transport.
We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our multiscale method with representative 1D models. It is shown that the method delivers accurate solutions for key ICP performance indicators with very little computational overhead compared with corresponding coarse-scale models. The robustness of the multiscale method has been verified over a number of physical-parameter ranges with a limited-scope sensitivity study. Numerical results show that the multiscale method consistently improves the simulation results and matches the fine-scale reference results closely.
Development of Hexaploid (AABBJJ) Tritipyrums with rearranged Thinopyrum distichum (Thunb.) Á Löve‐derived Genomes
Authors: Marais Francois , Simsek Senay , Poudel Roshan Sharma , Cookman Davey , Somo Mohamed 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTDevelopment of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) × Thinopyrum hybrids as a new salt‐tolerant crop was first attempted in England. These hybrids (here called b‐tritipyrums) were based on the diploid grass Th. bessarabicum (Savul. & Rayss) Á Löve . Although salt tolerant, b‐tritipyrums (AABBJbJb) had poor agrotype, brittle rachis, and poor threshability, which impeded their continued development. In this study, we have developed alternative hexaploid hybrids (d‐tritipyrums) containing a single, rearranged J genome from Th. distichum (Thunb.) Á Löve (a segmental autotetraploid; J1dJ1dJ2dJ2d). Four first generation d‐tritipyrums with genomes AABBJJ were selected from segregating generations of crosses among primary and secondary durum wheat × Th. distichum amphiploids. The J genome in each appears to consist of seven rearranged Thinopyrum chromosomes, with each individual chromosome having been derived from either of the J1d or J2d genomes and altered through recombination with its homoeologue. A lineage with seedling salt tolerance, nonbrittle rachis, and moderately good threshability was then crossed with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × Th. distichum secondary amphiploids to broaden J‐genome variability. Despite close homoeology, the J1d and J2d genomes appear to be highly diverse and second‐generation hexaploids and near‐hexaploids exhibited a rich diversity of Thinopyrum‐derived traits. Continued breeding for productivity in marginal soils can further the development of d‐tritipyrums to constitute an intermediate, well‐adapted germplasm. It will then be possible to compare it more effectively to wheat for the analysis and transfer of key physiological trait genes from the J genomes.
Evaluation of the State of Stress in Load-Bearing Elements in Conveyances/Ocena Stanu Wytężenia W Elementach Nośnych Konstrukcji Naczyń Wydobywczych
Authors: Wolny Stanisław 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Evaluation is made of the state of stress in load-bearing elements in conveyances. Relying on the design loads of load-bearing elements in conveyances given by the proposed method (Wolny & Łowkis, 2012), the state of stress in those components is obtained (in the graphic form) by the FEM approach. The final results will be utilised to develop the guidelines for designing the load-bearing elements in conveyances in the aspect of their mass minimisation.
Application of GIS Methods in Assessing Effects of Mining Activity on Surface Infrastructure/Zastosowanie Metod Gis W Ocenie Wpływu Działalności Górniczej Na Infrastrukturę Na Powierzchni
Authors: Blachowski Jan , Chrzanowski Adam , Szostak-Chrzanowski Anna 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Tilt (T), curvature (K) and horizontal strain (ε) in ground subsidence troughs are the basic deformation parameters, which are used in the assessment of mining effects on surface infrastructure. The parameters can be determined from mathematical functions describing the continuous displacement field. The latter can be obtained by the least squares fitting of selected displacement functions to results of three-dimensional monitoring of horizontal and vertical displacements at discrete points. A methodology based on spatial data modelling in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) facilitates the above process as demonstrated on the example of a mining area in Canada. Polish guidelines regarding classification of mining risk categories based on the values of these parameters have been used in the example.
Deformation Characteristics of a Technological Pillar in the Chamber-Pillar Mining System/Charakterystyka Deformacyjna Filara Technologicznego W Komorowo-Filarowym Systemie Eksploatacji
Authors: Grzebyk Wiesław , Stolecki Lech 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article presents the suitability of the new measurement techniques for monitoring deformations of the technological pillars and fragments of the face in underground mining. The conducted observations concerned the mined pillar located in the lead of mining field G-3/4 of Rudna mine (mine belongs to KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.) in a situation of constant progress of mining works in its direction.
The observations conducted underground provided results demonstrating the suitability of the applied observation techniques in this area. The obtained measurement data directly describe the volumetric changes which form the basis for assessing the stress of the rock formation. This issue is well recognised based on the tests on rock samples. Further studies should concern the transfer of these experiences to the results of in situ observations.
Determination of the Influence of an Anticorrosive Layer on the Strength of Link Mining Chains/Określenie Wpływu Warstwy Antykorozyjnej Na Wytrzymałość Łańcuchów Ogniwowych – Górniczych
Authors: Szot Mariusz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Using link mining chains is related to the proper way of selecting the type of the chain. The operational parameters of the chain are associated with a risk to the employees who operate haulage systems using scraper conveyors. A complete analysis of operational parameters is possible to be made only after relevant tests are performed. The study presents laboratory test results as well as modeling studies which allowed to determine the influence of the anticorrosive protection of the chain’s surface on its operational parameters.
Application of Multidimensional Scaling to Classification of Various Types of Coal/Zastosowanie Skalowania Wielowymiarowego Do Klasyfikacji Różnych Typów Węgli
Authors: Jamróz Dariusz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Visualization of multidimensional data is a new way of statistical analysis of so-called statistical graphical methods. These methods allow to classify some analyzed objects, including their various features. Facing grained materials problems, like coal or ores many characteristics have an influence on the quality of product. In case of coal, many features must be taken into consideration to determine quality of the material. Apart from most obvious characteristics like particle size, particle density or ash contents there are many others which cause significant differences between considered types of material. In the paper the application of Multidimensional Scaling Method is presented which is one of the multidimensional data visualization techniques. To this purpose, sampling of three types of coal was performed, which were 31, 34.2 and 35 (according to Polish classification of coal types). First, the material was screened on sieves and then divided into density fractions. Next step was to analyze chemically the obtained particle and size fractions of researched coal. Then, the Multidimensional Scaling Method was applied to visualize the investigated set of data. It was proved that the applied methodology allows to identify certain coal types efficiently and can be used as a qualitative criterion for grained materials. However, it was impossible to achieve such identification comparing all three types of coal together. The Multidimensional Scaling Method is new technique of data analysis concerning widely understood mineral processing.
Development of the Kuz-Ram Model to Blasting in a Limestone Quarry/Opracowanie Modelu Kuz-Ram Do Wykorzystania Przy Pracach Strzałowych W Kopalni Wapienia
Authors: Tosun Abdurrahman , Konak Gurcan , Toprak Tugçe , Karakus Dogan , Onur Ahmet Hakan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
It is very important to know the degree of disintegration beforehand in open quarry bench blasting in terms of blasting efficiency. Kuznetsov (1973), Cunningham (1987), and Ouchterlony (2005) have developed the Rosin-Rammler distribution function for estimating the degrees of fragmentation (Rosin & Rammler, 1933). However, models they developed do not give realistic results for blast surfaces where there are a lot of discontinuity characteristics with broken and fissured areas due to the difference in structural characteristics of the rocks. In this study, average fragmentative distribution of the heap formed as a result of several blasting tests in a quarry belonging to BATIÇİM have been separately determined by using a dimensional analysis program with Wipfrag image processing technique and Kuz-Ram estimation model. Average granular size correction has been carried out with the approach of accepting as fine-grain the areas that couldn’t be determined by means of image analysis programs and that were neglected in the analysis. Subsequently, the land coefficient in Kuz-Ram model was determined to be 0.0383 rather than 0.06 for the said quarry by taking the average dimension values determined by Wipfrag method as reference point.
Hydration Layers on Clay Mineral Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions: a Review/Warstwy Uwodnione Na Powierzchni Minerałów Ilastych W Roztworach Wodnych: Przegląd
Authors: Min Fanfei , Peng Chenliang , Song Shaoxian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Hydration layer on clay mineral surfaces is originated from the adsorption of polar water molecules and hydrated cations on the surfaces through unsaturated ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals bonds. It has attracted great attentions because of their important influences on the dispersive stability of the particles in aqueous solutions. This review highlighted the molecular structure of clay minerals, the origin of hydration layers on clay mineral surfaces, the hydration layer structural model, hydration force and the main parameters of affecting the hydration layers on clay minerals (crystal structure, cationic type and strength, and solution pH). Also, the research methods for hydration layers were briefly described, especially the determination of hydration layer thickness by the Einstein viscosity method and AFM method. In addition, the applications of the stability of fine clay mineral particles in aqueous suspensions were summarized.
Effect of Natural Pressure Drop in Mine Main Ventilation/Skutki Naturalnego Spadku Ciśnienia W Głównej Sieci Wentylacyjnej Kopalni
Authors: Zapletal Pavel , Hudeček Vlastimil , Trofimov Vitaly 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Natural ventilation in a mine is ventilation without the use of means of artificial ventilation. The flow of mine air is induced by the difference between the mass column in an intake and that in a return. The difference in mine air density is a result of difference between the temperature of intake air and that of return air. To a certain extent, the influence of differences in mine air humidity and chemical composition can act as well.
Gassy mines in the Czech Republic and Ukraine are ventilated merely artificially, i.e. by means of exhaust ventilation. However, even in the case of this type of ventilation, when the total mine air flow is produced by fans, a natural current of air exists and acts in the ventilation network of the mine.
Methods of Determining Rock Mass Freezing Depth for Shaft Sinking in Difficult Hydrogeological and Geotechnical Conditions/Określenie Głębokości Zamrażania Górotworu Dla Potrzeb Głębienia Szybów W Trudnych Warunkach Hydrogeologicznych I Geotechnicznych
Authors: Duda Robert 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Methods of determining the depth of rock mass freezing for the purpose of shaft sinking in solid rocks in difficult hydrogeological and geomechanical conditions are analyzed in this paper. There are presented factors on the basis of which the freezing depth can be determined in heterogeneous rocks media. The author focuses on the source of problems with establishing parameters used for defining the freezing depth. A method of interpreting hydrogeological and geomechanical source data is presented on two examples of weak and medium compact sandstones freezing for the purpose of shaft sinking in the Legnica-Głogów Copper Mining District, south-western Poland. Moreover, a general algorithm for determining the rock mass freezing depth is given. The following main criteria of freezing depth evaluation have been assumed: hydraulic conductivity values, porosity, rock quality designation index (RQD) and Protodiakonow’s rock compaction index. The outflow of drilling fluid in the exploration borehole was taken into account as a complementary criterion. The practical use of the algorithm was exemplified by a geological profile.
The effect of dexketoprofen pre-emptively administered on the consumption of tramadol and the incidence of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Costea D. , Gherghina V. , Popescu R. , Nicolae Gh. , Cîndea Iulia , Balcan Alina 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of our study has been to assess the comparative use of the two NSAIDs, dexketoprofen and ketoprofen, for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy mainly following: the quality of the analgesia, the incidence of potential adverse effects (for example, postoperative nausea and vomiting) and the rescue analgesics consumption (tramadol). This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 90 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: group D (n = 45) - patients that have received dexketoprofen 50 mg in dilution with10 ml saline solution iv., 30 minutes before the induction and group K (n = 45) - patients that have received ketoprofen 100 mg in dilution with 10 ml saline solution iv., 30 minutes before the induction (preemptive analgesia). Surgical interventions were conducted under general anaesthesia, with identical protocol for the two groups of study. Post-surgery analgesic regime consisting in 4 g of paracetamol administered for example in the first 24 hours, was started immediately after surgery. Boluses of tramadol of 100 mg (until 400 mg /daily) have been used as rescue analgesia. The main objectives of our study have been: post-surgery analgesia (VAS at mobilization, 0-100 mm) at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery,the consumption of tramadol, incidence of PONV and the length of hospitalization period (LOS). Secondary objectives of the study have been: the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the incidence of postsurgery blood losses. In the two study groups there have not been any differences concerning demographic data, post-surgery gastro-intestinal symptoms, postsurgery loss of blood and the hospitalization period. VAS was significantly lower in group D vs. K, at 0 and 6 hours after the surgery (p <0,05). The incidence of PONV was lower in the group of patients who received preemptive analgesia with dexketoprofen (p <0,05). The number of tramadol boluses administered and the number of patients requiring backup analgesia was lower in group D comparatively to group K. Preemptive administration of dexketoprofen seems to be more effective than the administration of ketoprofen for post-surgery multimodal analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The preemptive administration of dexketoprofen also deereases tramadol consumption and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Evaluation of 3D hybrid microfiber/nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Ostrowska B. , Jaroszewicz J. , Zaczynska E. , Tomaszewski W. , Swieszkowski W. , Kurzydlowsk K.J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications becomes a very important research topic in present days. The aim of the study was to create and evaluate a hybrid polymeric 3D scaffold consisted of nano and microfibers, which could be used for bone tissue engineering. Hybrid structures were fabricated using rapid prototyping (RP) and electrospinning (ES) methods. Electrospun nanofibrous mats were incorporated between the microfibrous layers produced by RP technology. The nanofibers were made of poly(L-lactid) and polycaprolactone was used to fabricate microfibers. The micro- and nanostructures of the hybrid scaffolds were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray microtomographical (μCT) analysis and the mechanical testing of the porous hybrid structures were performed using SkyScan 1172 machine, equipped with a material testing stage. The scanning electron microscopy and micro-tomography analyses showed that obtained scaffolds are hybrid nanofibers/microfibers structures with high porosity and interconnected pores ranging from 10 to 500um. Although, connection between microfibrous layers and electrospun mats remained consistent under compression tests, addition of the nanofibrous mats affected the mechanical properties of the scaffold, particularly its elastic modulus. The results of the biocompatibility tests didn’t show any cytotoxic effects and no fibroblast after contact with the scaffold showed any damage of the cell body, the cells had proper morphologies and showed good proliferation. Summarizing, using RP technology and electrospinning method it is possible to fabricate biocompatible scaffolds with controllable geometrical parameters and good mechanical properties.