bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving high accuracy in meniscus tear detection using advanced deep learning models with a relatively small data set
Authors: Güngör Erdal , Vehbi Husam , Cansın Ahmetcan , Ertan Mehmet Batu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced deep learning models, specifically YOLOv8 and EfficientNetV2, in detecting meniscal tears on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a relatively small data set.MethodOur data set consisted of MRI studies from 642 knees—two orthopaedic surgeons labelled and annotated the MR images. The training pipeline included MRI scans of these knees. It was divided into two stages: initially, a deep learning algorithm called YOLO was employed to identify the meniscus location, and subsequently, the EfficientNetV2 deep learning architecture was utilized to detect meniscal tears. A concise report indicating the location and detection of a torn meniscus is provided at the end.ResultThe YOLOv8 model achieved mean average precision at 50% threshold (mAP@50) scores of 0.98 in the sagittal view and 0.985 in the coronal view. Similarly, the EfficientNetV2 model obtained area under the curve scores of 0.97 and 0.98 in the sagittal and coronal views, respectively. These outstanding results demonstrate exceptional performance in meniscus localization and tear detection.ConclusionDespite a relatively small data set, state‐of‐the‐art models like YOLOv8 and EfficientNetV2 yielded promising results. This artificial intelligence system enhances meniscal injury diagnosis by generating instant structured reports, facilitating faster image interpretation and reducing physician workload.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Knee flexor strength at 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon can be predicted from that at 3 months
Authors: Sengoku Takuya , Nakase Junsuke , Mizuno Yushin , Ishida Yoshihiro , Yanatori Yusuke , Takemoto Naoki , Demura Satoru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to identify factors influencing persistent muscle weakness in knee flexor strength after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the hamstring tendon and establish a clear cut‐off value at 3 months postoperatively for the limb symmetry index (LSI) to exceed 90% at 6 months postoperatively.MethodsOne hundred forty‐eight patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were included and categorised into two groups based on knee flexor strength at 6 months postoperatively: patients with LSI of 90% or greater (achieved group: n = 114) and patients with LSI less than 85% (nonachieved group: n = 34). Items with significant differences between the two groups (preoperative waiting period, LSI to body weight ratio of knee flexor and extensor strength at 3 months postoperatively and peak torque angle of knee flexor muscle) were included in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the cut‐off value of the LSI at 3 months postoperatively, which was required to achieve the LSI criteria for knee flexor strength 6 months postoperatively.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis extracted the preoperative waiting period and LSI for knee flexor strength at 3 months postoperatively. The cut‐off value at 3 months postoperatively was 76.9% (area under the curve value, 0.82; sensitivity, 0.76; and specificity, 0.81) of the LSI.ConclusionThe LSI of at least 76.9% for knee flexor strength at 3 months after ACL reconstruction was an indicator for achieving the 6 months postoperatively. This is a criterion to aim for, considering the stress on the graft and the regeneration process of the semitendinosus tendon.Level of evidenceLevel III.
Long‐Term Plate Complications in Patient‐Specific Plates Utilizing Computer‐Aided Design
Authors: Yang Sara , Morton Zoey , Sautter Mackenzie , Young Gavin , Petrisor Daniel , Chandra Srinivasa R. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveAssess the long‐term plate complications with patient‐specific plates (PSPs) created with computer‐aided design (CAD) and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) for fibula free flap reconstructions for mandibular defects.MethodsRetrospective chart review from January 2010 to July 2022 of patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with a fibula free flap and PSP. Primary outcome was plating‐related complications, defined as plate exposure, fracture, loose screws, and plate removal.ResultsA total of 221 patients underwent PSP fibula reconstruction. Average age was 59.8 + 14.3 years old with male to female ratio of 2:1. Squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible was the most common reason for resection, 47.5%, n = 105. Plate removal occurred in 11% of patients (n = 25) about 17.4 months after the initial surgery. Plates were removed due to exposure (76%, n = 19) or screw loosening (24%, n = 6). Malignancy was associated with an increased risk of plate complications when compared to benign tumor (odds ratio [OR] 9.04, confidence interval [CI] 1.36–3.85), osteonecrosis (OR 1.38, CI 0.59–3.48), and trauma (OR 1.26, CI 0.23–12.8). Postoperative radiation therapy (OR 2.27, CI 1.07–4.82, p = 0.026) and surgical site infection (OR 9.22, CI 4.11–21.88, p = 0.001) were associated with more plate complications.ConclusionsCAD creates PSPs that remain stable in the majority of patients over the long term. Plate removal is less compared to non‐PSP reconstruction. Consideration of the soft tissue envelope over the plate and management of perioperative infection at the time of surgery should be entertained.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4929–4934, 2024
Obeticholic acid's effect on HDL function in MASH varies by diabetic status
Authors: Kim Chunki , Tsai Tsung‐Heng , Lopez Rocio , McCullough Arthur , Kasumov Takhar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress are the key factors in the pathogenesis of both metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and atherosclerosis. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, improves hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in patients with MASH. However, it also reduces HDL cholesterol, suggesting that OCA may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with MASH. We assessed HDL cholesterol efflux function, antioxidant (paraoxonase and ceruloplasmin activity), pro‐inflammatory index, and particle sizes in a small group of patients with and without diabetes (n = 10/group) at baseline and after 18 months of OCA treatment. Patients on lipid‐lowering medications (statins, fibrates) were excluded. At baseline, ferritin levels were higher in patients with MASH without diabetes (336.5 [157.0, 451.0] vs. 83 [36.0, 151.0] ng/mL, p < 0.005). Markers of HDL functions were similar in both groups. OCA therapy significantly improved liver histology and liver enzymes but increased alkaline phosphatase levels in nondiabetic patients with MASH (p < 0.05). However, it did not have any significant effect on cholesterol efflux and the antioxidant paraoxonase functions. In nondiabetics, ceruloplasmin (CP) antioxidant activity decreased (p < 0.005) and the pro‐inflammatory index of HDL increased (p < 0.005) due to OCA therapy. In contrast, in diabetics, OCA increased levels of pre‐β‐HDL—the HDL particles enhanced protective capacity (p = 0.005) with no alteration in HDL functionality. In all patients, serum glucose levels were negatively correlated with OCA‐induced change in pro‐inflammatory function in HDL (p < 0.001), which was primarily due to diabetes (p = 0.05). These preliminary results suggest a distinct effect of OCA therapy on diabetic and nondiabetic patients with MASH and warrant a future large‐scale study.
Unlocking the Potential: PEGylation and Molecular Weight Reduction of Ionenes for Enhanced Antifungal Activity and Biocompatibility
Authors: Kurzyna Jan M. , Kopiasz Rafał J. , Paul Martyna , Flont Magdalena , Baranowska Patrycja , Mierzejewska Jolanta , Drężek Karolina , Tomaszewski Waldemar , Jastrzębska Elżbieta , Jańczewski Dominik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNumerous synthetic polymers, imitating natural antimicrobial peptides, have demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, positioning them as potential candidates for new antimicrobial drugs. However, the high activity of these molecules often comes at the cost of elevated toxicity against eukaryotic organisms. In this study, a series of cationic ionenes with varying molecular weights to assess the influence of polymer chain length on ionene activity is investigated. To enhance polymer antimicrobial activity and limit toxicity a PEG side chain is introduced into the repeating unit. The resulting molecules consistently exhibited high activity against three model organisms: E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The incorporation of side PEG chain improves antifungal properties and biocompatibility, regardless of molecular weight. The most important finding of this work is that the reduction of polymer molecular mass led to increased antifungal activity and reduced cytotoxicity against HMF and MRC‐5 cell lines simultaneously. As a result, the best‐performing molecules reported herein displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 2 and 0.0625 µg mL1 for C. albicans and C. tropicalis respectively, demonstrating exceptional selectivity. It is plausible that some of described herein molecules can serve as potential lead candidates for new antifungal drugs.
Nitrilotriacetic Acid Functionalized Microgels for Efficient Immobilization of Hyaluronan Synthase
Authors: Sommerfeld Isabel Katja , Dälken Esther Maria , Elling Lothar , Pich Andrij 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnzymes play a vital role in synthesizing complex biological molecules like hyaluronic acid (HA). Immobilizing enzymes on support materials is essential for their efficient use and reuse in multiple cycles. Microgels, composed of cross–linked, highly swollen polymer networks, are ideal for enzyme uptake owing to their high porosity. This study demonstrates the immobilization of His6‐tagged hyaluronan synthase from Pasteurella multocida (PmHAS) onto nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized microgels using different bivalent ions (Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+) via metal affinity binding. The results indicate that using Ni2+ yields the microgels with the highest enzyme uptake and HA formation. The immobilized PmHAS enables repetitive enzymatic production, producing high molecular weight HAs with decreasing dispersities in each step. Furthermore, the highest reported yield of HA with high molecular weight for immobilized PmHAS is achieved. This system establishes a foundation for continuous HA formation, with future works potentially enhancing PmHAS stability through protein engineering.
Influence of mechanical grinding on the formation of native passive layers on aluminum alloys
Authors: Schneider Michael , Langklotz Ulrike , Kühne Laurence , Kutzer‐Schulze Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMechanical grinding creates mechanical as well as thermal stress in treated material and the so‐called Beilby layer is formed. The present work investigates the influence of abrasive coarse grain size on the thickness and electrochemical behavior of the native oxide layer formed after the grinding process by using cyclovoltammetry. The difference in the native oxide layer thickness amounts to Δd ≈ 0.5 nm under the surface conditions investigated. Additionally, an experimental design is introduced and tested, which allows the operando measuring of the temperature of the material during the grinding process. Estimates result in a thermal stress Δσ between 0.8 and 1.3 MPa depending on the chosen grinding parameters and influence the subsequently formed oxide layer thickness.
Extensions of definable local homomorphisms in o‐minimal structures and semialgebraic groups
Authors: Barriga Eliana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe state conditions for which a definable local homomorphism between two locally definable groups , can be uniquely extended when is simply connected (Theorem 2.1). As an application of this result we obtain an easy proof of [3, Theorem 9.1] (cf. Corollary 2.3). We also prove that [3, Theorem 10.2] also holds for any definably connected definably compact semialgebraic group not necessarily abelian over a sufficiently saturated real closed field ; namely, that the o‐minimal universal covering group of is an open locally definable subgroup of for some ‐algebraic group (Theorem 3.3). Finally, for an abelian definably connected semialgebraic group over , we describe as a locally definable extension of subgroups of the o‐minimal universal covering groups of commutative ‐algebraic groups (Theorem 3.4).
Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Characterization of Graphene/Al2O3‐Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: Nipu Shah Md Ashiquzzaman , Rahman Md Zillur , Alam Shadman Sharar , Dev Barshan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the hybrid nanocomposites manufactured by direct mixing by dispersing varying weight percentages (wt.%) of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) and Al2O3 NPs in epoxy resin. Their properties are then obtained using various mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and thermal (thermogravimetric) analyses. Furthermore, their microstructure and functional groups are studied by SEM and FTIR, respectively. The hybrid nanocomposite, which contains 1.5 wt.% GNPs and 8.5 wt.% Al2O3 NPs, has excellent mechanical properties. Compared to a composite without GNPs, the tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and shore D hardness improve by 95.12, 90.01, 171.43, and 19.75%, respectively. It is also found that hybrid nanocomposite exhibits enhanced thermal stability as GNPs increase, particularly at lower wt.% of Al2O3. The SEM of tensile fractured specimens of GNPs/Al2O3 epoxy hybrid nanocomposites reveals prominent failure mechanisms, including agglomeration of GNPs and debonding between the GNPs/Al2O3 and epoxy. The FTIR spectroscopy analysis reveals distinctive spectral peaks indicating successful incorporation of Al2O3 and GNPs into the epoxy‐based composite, with observed peaks corresponding to functional groups and bonds characteristic of each component. These findings suggest that the manufactured nanocomposite holds promise as a component in structural applications, particularly in automobiles, aerospace components, and sports equipment.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Particle Size in Emulsion Polymerization: Simultaneous Turbidity and Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy
Authors: Aspiazu Usue Olatz , Gómez Susana , Paulis Maria , Leiza Jose Ramon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractParticle size evolution in seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization is monitored by two real‐time monitoring techniques: online turbidity spectroscopy (TUS) and inline photon density wave spectroscopy (PDWS). An automatic dilution system that withdraws a sample from the reactor and upon dilution transfers to the measurement cell is used for the online TUS analysis. A PDWS probe is immersed in the reactor and collects inline the scattered light directly from the reacting latex. The particle sizes retrieved from TUS and PDWS are compared to offline dynamic light scattering (DLS) values. The particle size obtained by TUS is close to the intensity‐average particle size obtained offline by DLS, while the particle size obtained by PDWS lies closer to the number‐average particle size from DLS.
High‐performance balanced dual‐band bandpass filter with controllable bandwidth and frequency ratio
Authors: Zhao Shipeng , Wang Zhongbao , Liu Hongmei , Gao Mingming , Fang Shaojun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel high‐performance balanced dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with controllable bandwidth and frequency ratio is proposed. The symmetrical dual‐band bandpass characteristics on both sides of the center frequency f0 can be achieved by cascading two one‐wavelength edge‐coupled ring resonators through coupling. To suppress the common‐mode (CM) noises, a high‐performance balanced dual‐band BPF is designed and analyzed. The elements affecting the controllable filtering bandwidth and frequency ratio are discussed. For practical verification, a microstrip prototype for GPS applications is manufactured and measured with great out‐of‐band rejection and excellent CM suppression.
Automatic quality assessment of knee radiographs using knowledge graphs and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Qian , Han Xiao , Song Liangliang , Zhang Xin , Zhang Biao , Gu Zongyun , Jiang Bo , Li Chuanfu , Li Xiaohu , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundX‐ray radiography is a widely used imaging technique worldwide, and its image quality directly affects diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, X‐ray image quality control (QC) is essential. However, subjectively assessing image quality is inefficient and inconsistent, especially when large amounts of image data are being evaluated. Thus, subjective assessment cannot meet current QC needs.PurposeTo meet current QC needs and improve the efficiency of image quality assessment, a complete set of quality assessment criteria must be established and implemented using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Therefore, we proposed a multi‐criteria AI system for automatically assessing the image quality of knee radiographs.MethodsA knee radiograph QC knowledge graph containing 16 “acquisition technique” labels representing 16 image quality defects and five “clarity” labels representing five grades of clarity were developed. Ten radiographic technologists conducted three rounds of QC based on this graph. The single‐person QC results were denoted as QC1 and QC2, and the multi‐person QC results were denoted as QC3. Each technologist labeled each image only once. The ResNet model structure was then used to simultaneously perform classification (detection of image quality defects) and regression (output of a clarity score) tasks to construct an image QC system. The QC3 results, comprising 4324 anteroposterior and lateral knee radiographs, were used for model training (70% of the images), validation (10%), and testing (20%). The 865 test set data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the AI model, and an AI QC result, QC4, was automatically generated by the model after training. Finally, using a double‐blind method, the senior QC expert reviewed the final QC results of the test set with reference to the results QC3 and QC4 and used them as a reference standard to evaluate the performance of the model. The precision and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to evaluate the quality of all the labels in relation to the reference standard.ResultsFor the 16 “acquisition technique” features, QC4 exhibited the highest weighted average precision (98.42% ± 0.81%), followed by QC3 (91.39% ± 1.35%), QC2 (87.84% ± 1.68%), and QC1 (87.35% ± 1.71%). For the image clarity features, the MAEs between QC1, QC2, QC3, and QC4 and the reference standard were 0.508 ± 0.021, 0.475 ± 0.019, 0.237 ± 0.016, and 0.303 ± 0.018, respectively.ConclusionsThe experimental results show that our automated quality assessment system performed well in classifying the acquisition technique used for knee radiographs. The image clarity quality evaluation accuracy of the model must be further improved but is generally close to that of radiographic technologists. Intelligent QC methods using knowledge graphs and convolutional neural networks have the potential for clinical applications.
Nonlinear response of a multidirectional negative‐stiffness isolation system via semirecursive multibody dynamic approach
Authors: Dai Wei , Carboni Biagio , Quaranta Giuseppe , Pan Yongjun , Lacarbonara Walter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates an innovative negative‐stiffness device (NSD) that modifies the apparent stiffness of the supported structure for seismic isolation. The NSD comprises a lower base on the bottom and a cap on the top, together with a connecting rod, vertical movable wall, and compressed elastic spring, as well as circumferentially arranged, pretensioned external ropes, and inclined shape memory wires. This configuration can deliver negative stiffness and energy dissipation in any direction within the horizontal plane. A numerical model of the device is developed through a two‐step semirecursive method to obtain the force–displacement characteristic relationship. Such a model is first validated through comparison with the results obtained via the commercial software ADAMS. Finally, a large parametric study is performed to assess the role and the influence of each design variable on the overall response of the proposed device. Useful guidelines are drawn from this analysis to guide the system design and optimization.
Hotspots and frontiers in cervical cancer research: A bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Haomeng , Xie Yunkai , Chen Shuning , Piao Chunjie , Zhang Chu , Kong Weimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is a highly aggressive cancer that seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of women, especially for women in developing countries. Therefore, cervical cancer has always been the focus of research, and in recent years, various studies on cervical cancer have emerged one after another.MethodsOur study aimed to illustrate the development trends in cervical cancer research in China from 2013 to 2022 and compare the findings with studies in other parts of the world during the same period by using bibliometric analysis and the Science Citation Index Expanded. Literature data were analyzed and visualized by using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.ResultsThe results show that the number of articles on cervical cancer has increased in recent years, among which articles on the pathogenesis and epidemiological characteristics of cervical cancer account for the majority. The research in China has developed rapidly in recent years, but there is still a certain gap compared with other developed countries.ConclusionBibliometric and visualization analyses offer a unique and objective perspective in the field of cervical cancer and may assist scholars in identifying new research directions.
Analytical modeling and experiments on soft soil consolidation with vacuum preloading‐airbag pressurization
Authors: Meng Hongping , Qin Aifang , Jiang Lianghua , Wu Yajun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to provide substantial theoretical support for employing vacuum preloading‐airbag pressurization (VP‐AP) to enhance soft soil foundations. By integrating the airbags and prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) within the analytical framework, the consolidation models are developed to accommodate double smear zones and well resistance. Analytical solutions for various airbag pressurization scenarios are derived under the equal‐strain assumption. A model test is subsequently conducted to investigate the settlement process of soft soil using the VP‐AP method. The validity of the proposed theoretical model is corroborated through comparison with existing analytical solutions and experimental data. The accuracy of the predictive model is further substantiated by the model test results. Lastly, this research offers an in‐depth analysis of soil consolidation behavior under diverse influencing factors. The findings indicate that the VP‐AP method demonstrates superior efficacy over conventional vacuum‐surcharge preloading when the airbag pressure matches the external load pressure. Additionally, an increase in the radius of airbags enhances the soil consolidation efficiency. The analytical model presented in this study elucidates the consolidation mechanisms of the VP‐AP method, with experimental research confirming the efficacy of this approach and the predictive model established herein.