bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of vemurafenib‐induced Sweet's syndrome
Authors: Yorio Jeffrey T. , Mays Steven R. , Ciurea Ana M. , Cohen Philip R. , Wang Wei‐Lien , Hwu Wen‐Jen , Gonzalez Nydia , Richard Jessica L. , Kim Kevin B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVemurafenib is a targeted therapy that has become standard treatment for patients with advanced melanoma with a V600E BRAF mutation. It has been associated with frequent skin toxicity, including photosensitivity, rash and squamous cell carcinomas. We present an 83‐year‐old woman with an advanced V600E BRAF‐mutant melanoma who developed a severe skin rash and fatigue after taking vemurafenib. The dose was reduced from 960 to 720 to 480 mg twice a day; however, she was subsequently admitted to the hospital with fever, chills, fatigue, confusion and a diffuse skin eruption. She then developed hypoxia and acute renal failure that required hemodialysis. A biopsy of her skin lesions revealed a neutrophilic dermatitis with papillary dermal edema, consistent with Sweet's syndrome. Her symptoms resolved upon discontinuation of vemurafenib and treatment with prednisone. This constellation of symptoms and clinical course are consistent with drug‐induced Sweet's syndrome caused by vemurafenib.
Variants in melanogenesis‐related genes associate with skin cancer risk among Japanese populations
Authors: Yoshizawa Junko , Abe Yuko , Oiso Naoki , Fukai Kazuyoshi , Hozumi Yutaka , Nakamura Tomohiro , Narita Tomohiko , Motokawa Tomonori , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ito Shosuke , Kawada Akira , Tamiya Gen , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHuman skin color is known to be associated with the risk of cutaneous cancer. Some reports indicated that pigmentation‐related gene variants were associated with cutaneous cancer risk in Caucasian populations, but there are no similar reports in East Asian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between pigmentation‐related genes and the risk of skin cancer in Japanese populations. We studied the associations between 12 variants of four pigmentation‐related genes and melanin index variations in 198 Japanese patients with skin cancer and compared these findings to those of 500 Japanese controls by using multiple logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed an independent sample of 107 Japanese patients with skin cancer. A non‐synonymous variant, H615R in the oculocutaneous albinism 2 gene (OCA2), was associated with the risk of malignant melanoma in the Yamagata group (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.86; P = 0.020). Another non‐synonymous variant, A481T in OCA2, was associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis in the Osaka group (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.41–7.04; P = 0.005). In malignant melanoma cases, the minor allele in OCA2 H615R might have induced the development of lesions in sun‐exposed skin (OR, 26.32; 95% CI, 1.96–333; P = 0.014). Our results suggest that some OCA2 variants are definite risk factors for the onset of cutaneous cancer in Japanese populations.
Tritrophic interactions between parasitoids and cereal aphids are mediated by nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Aqueel Muhammad A. , Raza Abu‐bakar M. , Balal Rashad M. , Shahid Muhammad A. , Mustafa Irfan , Javaid Muhammad M. , Leather Simon R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHost plant nutritional quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic levels. The aphid–parasitoid relationship provides an ideal system to investigate tritrophic interactions (as the parasitoids are completely dependent for their development upon their hosts) and assess the bottom up forces operating at different concentrations of nitrogen applications. The effects of varying nitrogen fertilizer on the performance of Aphidius colemani (V.) reared on Sitobion avenae (F.) and Aphidius rhopalosiphi (D.) reared on Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) were measured. Parasitism and percent emergence of parasitoids were positively affected by nitrogen fertilizer treatments while developmental duration (egg, larval, and pupal stages) was not affected by increasing nitrogen inputs. In males and females of both parasitoid species, adult longevity increased with the increasing nitrogen fertilizer. Hind tibia length and mummy weight of both parasitoid species increased with nitrogen fertilizer concentrations, as a result of larger aphids. This study showed that nitrogen application to the soil can have important consequences for aboveground multitrophic interactions.
Preparation of Chitosan–TPP Microspheres as Resveratrol Carriers
Authors: Cho Ah Ra , Chun Yong Gi , Kim Bum Keun , Park Dong June 
Published: March 2014

AbstractResveratrol (3,4′,5‐trihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene)‐loaded chitosan–sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) microspheres using high (310 to 375 kDa) and medium (190 to 310 kDa) molecular weight chitosan and TPP in varying concentrations were produced to improve resveratrol bioavailability. A 450 μm nozzle encapsulator was used to produce the microspheres. The mean microsphere particle size was between 160 and 206 μm, and exhibited a narrower size distribution as the TPP solution concentration increased. The encapsulation efficiency increased from 94% to 99% with a decrease in chitosan concentration from 1% to 0.5% and a decrease in crystallinity of the microspheres. FTIR data showed a polyelectrolyte interaction between chitosan and TPP. X‐ray diffraction patterns were matched up with DSC and FTIR, which shows decrease of crystallinity and enhancement of hydrogen bonding with TPP concentration. An increase in the concentration of TPP solution from 1% to 3% led to a lower initial burst of resveratrol release. These results suggest that chitosan–TPP microspheres could be used as a potential delivery system to control the release of resveratrol.
Diet Effects in Gut Microbiome and Obesity
Authors: Chen Jia , He Xianzhi , Huang Jinhai 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe 100 trillion microbes in human gut coevolve with the host and exert significant influences on human health. The gut microbial composition presents dynamic changes correlated with various factors including host genotypes, age, and external environment. Effective manipulation of the gut microbiota through diets (both long‐term and short‐term diet patterns), probiotics and/or prebiotics, and antibiotics has been proved being potential to prevent from metabolic disorders such as obesity in many studies. The dietary regulation exerts influences on microbial metabolism and host immune functions through several pathways, of which may include selectively bacterial fermentation of nutrients, lower intestinal barrier function, overexpression of genes associated with disorders, and disruptions to both innate and adaptive immunity. Discoveries in the interrelationship between diet, intestinal microbiome, and body immune system provide us novel perceptions to the specific action mechanisms and will promote the development of therapeutic approaches for obesity.
Ham Particle Size Influences Saltiness Perception in Flans
Authors: Emorine M. , Septier C. , Thomas‐Danguin T. , Salles C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOne major issue of the food industry is reducing sodium content while maintaining food acceptability and liking. Despite extensive research in this field, little has been published on real complex food products. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the size of particles, a parameter easily adjusted in food processing, could influence the salty taste of low‐salt food product. We thus evaluated the effect of ham particle sizes (4 levels, including a zero level) on salt perception and the consumer liking of flans varying in their overall salt concentrations (low‐ and high‐salt content). Two consumer panels, composed of 107 and 77 subjects, rated, respectively, the saltiness of and liking for the developed flans (8 samples). The outcomes of this study indicated first, that the addition of ham to flans increased the salty taste perception and second, that a decrease in ham particle size (ground ham) increased the perceived saltiness. Moreover, low‐ and high‐salt flans were equally liked, demonstrating that food manufacturers could reduce the salt contents (here, by over 15%) while maintaining consumer acceptability through the manipulation of the size of the salt‐providing particles.
Detection of C. Botulinum Types in Honey by mPCR
Authors: Gücükoğlu Ali , Terzi Göknur , Çadirci Özgür , Alişarli Mustafa , Kevenk Onur , Uyanik Tolga 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in honey samples using conventional methods and multiplex PCR (mPCR). A total number of 150 honey samples were randomly collected from apiaries, retail shops, weekly open bazaars, and supermarkets in Samsun, Turkey. Of 150 honey samples, 4 (2.6%) were positive for the botulinum neurotoxin gene by mPCR analysis. A total of 4 C. botulinum isolates were obtained from the mPCR positive samples, of which 3 were type A and 1 was type B. No samples were positive regarding the type E and type F neurotoxin genes. This is the first report of type A and type B spores of C. botulinum being detected and isolated in Turkey. This study revealed that some honey samples may present a potential hazard for food borne and infant botulism.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacities of 10 Common Edible Flowers from China
Authors: Xiong Lina , Yang Jiajia , Jiang Yirong , Lu Baiyi , Hu Yinzhou , Zhou Fei , Mao Shuqin , Shen Canxi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe free and bound phenolic compounds in 10 common Chinese edible flowers were investigated using reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity, 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical‐scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). Free factions were more prominent in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than bound fractions. Paeonia suffruticosa and Flos lonicerae showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) 235.5 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g of dry weight and total flavonoid content 89.38 mg rutin equivalents/g of dry weight. The major phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. P. suffruticosa had the highest antioxidant capacity in the DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays, which were 1028, 2065, 990 μmol Trolox equivalents/g of dry weight, respectively, whereas Rosa chinensis had the highest FRAP value (2645 μmol Fe2+ equivalents /g of dry weight). The P. suffruticosa soluble phenolics had the highest CAA, with the median effective dose (EC50) 26.7 and 153 μmol quercetin equivalents/100 g of dry weight in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and no PBS wash protocol, respectively. TPC was strongly correlated with antioxidant capacity (R = 0.8443 to 0.9978, P < 0.01), which indicated that phenolics were the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of the selected edible flowers.
A Fast and Validated Method for the Determination of Malondialdehyde in Fish Liver Using High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Photodiode Array Detector
Authors: Faizan Mohammad , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Bayram Banu , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMalondialdehyde (MDA) is a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and is present in foods and biological samples such as plasma. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied to determine MDA in fish liver samples after derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) using a ODS2 column (10 cm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) and a photodiode array detector. The mobile phase consisted of 0.2% acetic acid (v/v) in distilled water and acetonitrile (42:58, v/v). The present method was validated in terms of linearity, lower limit of quantification, lower limit of detection, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability of MDA according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. The limit of quantification of MDA was 0.39 μmol/L, which is comparable to other methods. The recovery of the spiked MDA liver samples was in the range of 92.4% to 104.2%. This newly modified HPLC method is specific, sensitive, and accurate and allows the analysis of MDA within 4 min in fish liver but also in other tissues and plasma.
Molecular Identification of Microbial Community in Surface and Undersurface Douchi During Postfermentation
Authors: Chen Tingtao , Wang Mengjuan , Li Shengjie , Wu Qinglong , Wei Hua 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo find the reason for fermentation failure of surface Douchi during postfermentation, the microbial communities in undersurface and surface samples were investigated using cell counting method and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results showed that the microbial biomass in surface Douchi was obviously different from that in undersurface Douchi even sampled from the same fermentation tanks, and a 10‐ to 100‐fold reduction of microbial cell counts in undersurface had been observed. The bacterial DGGE profile and principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that only Lactococcus lacts subsp. lactis and Bacillus thermoamylovorans were detected from surface Douchi, while Lactococcus lacts subsp. lactis, Staphylococcus lentus and 2 uncultured strains occupied the dominant positions in undersurface Douchi; when amplified using Bacillus‐specific primers, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterobacter sp. were found in undersurface Douchi, while only Bacillus thermoamylovorans were detected from surface Douchi; compared to the bacteria and Bacillus, the DGGE profiles and PCA plot of fungi indicated that the fungal community between surface and undersurface Douchi was similar and mainly composed by yeasts. In this study, we detected the microbial biomass and species in postfermentation stage of Douchi, and the various microbial diversity in undersurface and surface samples might be the cause of the fermentation failure in surface fermentation tanks.
Modeling and Forecasting Realized Volatilities of Korean Financial Assets Featuring Long Memory and Asymmetry
Authors: Park Soyoung , Shin Dong W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLong memory, asymmetry, volatility spillover aspects of the realized volatilities (RVs) of the log returns of the Korean KOSPI, the Korean won/US dollar exchange rate, Korean treasury bond futures, and the US S&P 500 index are investigated in this paper. For all RVs, significant long memories and asymmetries are identified, which can improve forecasts if suitably used. A new long memory asymmetric threshold HAR‐RV (heteroskedastic autoregressive realized volatility) model is proposed. The new model shows explicit differences between the coefficients of daily, weekly, and monthly RVs for days of positive returns and those for days of negative returns. By analyzing the RVs, we find that pseudo out‐of‐sample forecast performance of the proposed model is better than a widely used existing asymmetric long memory model in about half of cases considered. The new model as well as another existing asymmetric model show that forecast improvements due to implied volatilities for the S&P 500 index decrease when asymmetries in RVs are accounted for. The two asymmetric models find significant decompositions of the spillover effects from the influential market S&P 500 index to the influenced market KOSPI (or from the KOSPI to the Korean won/US dollar exchange rate) into three oscillating components: substantial positive short‐term daily spillovers, moderate negative weekly spillovers, and somewhat positive long‐term monthly spillovers.
Individuals’ Return Predictability in Market and Limit Trades
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Choe Hyuk 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper studies individuals’ return predictability and its economic sources for each trade type using a long‐period database containing detailed information of every transaction on the Korea Stock Exchange. Both market and limit trades of individual investors have short‐horizon return predictability. Return predictability in limit trades is related to compensation for liquidity provision, but that in market trades seems to be given for private information and be amplified by the serially correlated trading of individual investor groups. The return predictability of individuals’ total trades is economically insignificant, implying that individuals’ return predictability is not a special anomaly refuting market efficiency.
A multicentre phase II study of vorinostat in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Ogura Michinori , Ando Kiyoshi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Ishizawa Kenichi , Oh Sung Yong , Itoh Kuniaki , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Au Wing Yan , Tien Hwei‐Fang , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Terauchi Takashi , Yamamoto Keiko , Mori Masahiko , Tanaka Yoshinobu , Shimamoto Takashi , Tobinai Kensei , Kim Won Seog 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAlthough initial rituximab‐containing chemotherapies achieve high response rates, indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL), such as follicular lymphoma (FL), is still incurable. Therefore, new effective agents with novel mechanisms are anticipated. In this multicentre phase II study, patients with relapsed/refractory indolent B‐NHL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) received vorinostat 200 mg twice daily for 14 consecutive days in a 21‐d cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) in FL patients and safety and tolerability in all patients. Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS). Fifty‐six eligible patients were enrolled; 50 patients (39 with FL, seven with other B‐NHL, and four with MCL) were evaluable for ORR, and 40 patients had received rituximab‐containing prior chemotherapeutic regimens. For the 39 patients with FL, the ORR was 49% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32·4, 65·2] and the median PFS was 20 months (95% CI: 11·2, 29·7). Major toxicities were manageable grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Vorinostat offers sustained antitumour activity in patients with relapsed or refractory FL with an acceptable safety profile. Further investigation of vorinostat for clinical efficacy is warranted.
Developing outcome measures for a Family Intensive Support Service for Children presenting with challenging behaviours
Authors: Mulligan Bethany , John Mary , Coombes Rachel , Singh Rosemary 
Published: March 2014

Accessible summary

Services should give support to the whole family who live with a child with a learning disability.

The aim of this study was to understand how helpful a family support service is in reducing challenging behaviour in children with learning disabilities.

We did this by looking at the outcome measures they already use.

We wanted to find out how good they are at measuring change.

We found that
The Family Intensive Support Service (FISS) reduced challenging behaviour in children and increased parent's ability to cope with and manage challenging behaviour.
Outcome measures used by the FISS team were good at showing change.

SummarySeven per cent of individuals with learning disabilities also display challenging behaviour (Challenging behaviour: analysis and intervention in people with severe intellectual disabilities, 2001, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press), which has an effect on the whole family. Services need to be developed to support and reflect this need (Better health, better lives: children and young people with intellectual disabilities and their families, 2010, Romania, Bucherest). This is a retrospective pre‐ and postevaluation study examining the utility of specific outcome measures assessing the effectiveness of interventions addressing behavioural problems within a Family Intensive Support Service (FISS). After one year, FISS successfully reduced problematic behaviours and increased a sense of coping and ability to manage the behaviour for parents. The outcome measures used were sensitive enough to show change on specific subscales of the measure. Further research is needed to look at whether there is a need to create a new measure encapsulating the best elements of these measures.
The ecophysiology of seed persistence: a mechanistic view of the journey to germination or demise
Authors: Long Rowena L. , Gorecki Marta J. , Renton Michael , Scott John K. , Colville Louise , Goggin Danica E. , Commander Lucy E. , Westcott David A. , Cherry Hillary , Finch‐Savage William E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSeed persistence is the survival of seeds in the environment once they have reached maturity. Seed persistence allows a species, population or genotype to survive long after the death of parent plants, thus distributing genetic diversity through time. The ability to predict seed persistence accurately is critical to inform long‐term weed management and flora rehabilitation programs, as well as to allow a greater understanding of plant community dynamics. Indeed, each of the 420000 seed‐bearing plant species has a unique set of seed characteristics that determine its propensity to develop a persistent soil seed bank. The duration of seed persistence varies among species and populations, and depends on the physical and physiological characteristics of seeds and how they are affected by the biotic and abiotic environment. An integrated understanding of the ecophysiological mechanisms of seed persistence is essential if we are to improve our ability to predict how long seeds can survive in soils, both now and under future climatic conditions. In this review we present an holistic overview of the seed, species, climate, soil, and other site factors that contribute mechanistically to seed persistence, incorporating physiological, biochemical and ecological perspectives. We focus on current knowledge of the seed and species traits that influence seed longevity under ex situ controlled storage conditions, and explore how this inherent longevity is moderated by changeable biotic and abiotic conditions in situ, both before and after seeds are dispersed. We argue that the persistence of a given seed population in any environment depends on its resistance to exiting the seed bank via germination or death, and on its exposure to environmental conditions that are conducive to those fates. By synthesising knowledge of how the environment affects seeds to determine when and how they leave the soil seed bank into a resistance–exposure model, we provide a new framework for developing experimental and modelling approaches to predict how long seeds will persist in a range of environments.
Nucleocytoplasmic protein translocation during mitosis in the social amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: O'Day Danton H. , Budniak Aldona 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTMitosis is a fundamental and essential life process. It underlies the duplication and survival of all cells and, as a result, all eukaryotic organisms. Since uncontrolled mitosis is a dreaded component of many cancers, a full understanding of the process is critical. Evolution has led to the existence of three types of mitosis: closed, open, and semi‐open. The significance of these different mitotic species, how they can lead to a full understanding of the critical events that underlie the asexual duplication of all cells, and how they may generate new insights into controlling unregulated cell division remains to be determined. The eukaryotic microbe Dictyostelium discoideum has proved to be a valuable biomedical model organism. While it appears to utilize closed mitosis, a review of the literature suggests that it possesses a form of mitosis that lies in the middle between truly open and fully closed mitosis—it utilizes a form of semi‐open mitosis. Here, the nucleocytoplasmic translocation patterns of the proteins that have been studied during mitosis in the social amoebozoan D. discoideum are detailed followed by a discussion of how some of them provide support for the hypothesis of semi‐open mitosis.