bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Systematic Review of Literature and a Proposed Algorithm for Assessment
Authors: Nagiub Mohamed , Lee Sam , Guglani Lokesh 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAs survival and outcomes continue to improve in neonates born prematurely, there is an increasing need to promptly identify and treat pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in this population. Several echocardiographic indices have been used to evaluate for PHT. There is no clear consensus on how to utilize these parameters specifically for the evaluation of PHT in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity.ObjectivesΤhe objectives of the study were (1) to identify the different echocardiographic techniques for assessment of PHT in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity in an evidence‐based manner and (2) to establish an echocardiographic screening protocol based on available literature using different echocardiographic techniques.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding use of echocardiographic techniques for evaluation of PHT in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. On the basis of the available evidence, we came up with a screening algorithm using various echocardiographic techniques.ResultsWe identified nine techniques that had been employed for detection of PHT noninvasively using echocardiography in 23 studies. Using these echocardiographic parameters, we came up with a flow chart to diagnose PHT in infants born prematurely, based on presence or absence of tricuspid regurgitation, presence or absence of patent ductus arteriosus, and direction of flow.ConclusionsWe have proposed a new screening strategy for assessment of PHT using echocardiography in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity. Further studies will be necessary to confirm its validity.
Traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0–17 years in the BITA study – A longitudinal Swedish multicenter study
Authors: Oldin Anna , Lundgren Jesper , Nilsson Marita , Norén Jörgen G. , Robertson Agneta 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground/AimTo prevent traumatic dental injuries (TDI), there is a need for vital information. This information could be reached using certain specific variables. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate TDI in different age groups, their etiology, and differences by gender, in Swedish children aged 0–17 years.Subjects and methodsThe study included 2363 children in four different age cohorts from 12 Public Dental Service clinics in Sweden. The design was a 5‐year longitudinal study including yearly clinical examinations, retrospective and prospective data compiled from dental records and interviews regarding TDI.ResultsThe prevalence for TDI was 37.6% (889) with no gender differences. Boys suffered more injuries during the spring and fall compared to girls. The incidence of 2.8% varied between the age groups where preschool children presented the highest incidence. No changes in prevalence for TDI were found for the years included in the study. The most common reason for TDI was Falling (42.1%). The frequencies for the etiological factors varied between the ages.ConclusionsThe TDI prevalence showed to be stable at a high level in spite of great efforts in Sweden and worldwide to reduce it. Knowledge in why, where, and when TDI appears is therefore essential for dental personnel who will work to reduce TDI.
Resilience in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Marulanda Susana , Addington Jean 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimsIt has been suggested that resilience may be a protective factor with respect to mental illness. This may be an important factor for those who are vulnerable to psychiatric illness. Thus, the aims of this paper were to compare levels of resilience between individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and healthy controls, and to examine associations between resilience and clinical measures, functioning and trauma of CHR participants.MethodsEighty participants, 40 CHR and 40 University of Calgary undergraduate students, completed two resilience questionnaires: the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure.ResultsA t‐test revealed a significant difference between the groups on levels of resilience (t = 4.34, P < 0.01), demonstrating that CHR participants have lower levels of resilience than healthy controls. In terms of the associations between resilience and measures of mental health of CHR participants, it was found that higher levels of resilience were related to lower negative symptoms, depression and anxiety. Furthermore, resilient CHR participants showed higher levels of role functioning and generally reported higher positive schemas of self and others, as well as lower stress to reported life events. No associations were found between resilience and attenuated psychotic symptoms, social functioning, IQ and trauma.ConclusionsThe results of the current study suggest that resilience may be beneficial to other mental issues present in CHR individuals but this may not be the case for attenuated psychotic symptoms.
Impacts on nontarget avian species from aerial meat baiting for feral pigs
Authors: Gentle Matthew , Speed James , Pople Anthony 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBait containing sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is widely used for the routine control of feral pigs in Australia. In Queensland, meat baits are popular in western and northern pastoral areas where they are readily accepted by feral pigs and can be distributed aerially. Field studies have indicated some levels of interference and consumption of baits by nontarget species and, based on toxicity data and the 1080 content of baits, many nontarget species (particularly birds and varanids) are potentially at risk through primary poisoning. While occasional deaths of species have been recorded, it remains unclear whether the level of mortality is sufficient to threaten the viability or ecological function of species. A series of field trials at Culgoa National Park in south‐western Queensland was conducted to determine the effect of broadscale aerial baiting (1.7 baits per km2) on the density of nontarget avian species that may consume baits. Counts of susceptible bird species were conducted prior to and following aerial baiting, and on three nearby unbaited properties, in May and November 2011, and May 2012. A sample of baits was monitored with remote cameras in the November 2011 and May 2012 trials. Over the three baiting campaigns, there was no evidence of a population‐level decline among the seven avian nontarget species that were monitored. Thirty per cent and 15% of baits monitored by remote cameras in the November 2011 and May 2012 trials were sampled by birds, varanids or other reptiles. These results support the continued use of 1080 meat baits for feral pig management in western Queensland and similar environs.
Warming shelf seas drive the subtropicalization of European pelagic fish communities
Authors: Montero‐Serra Ignasi , Edwards Martin , Genner Martin J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPelagic fishes are among the most ecologically and economically important fish species in European seas. In principle, these pelagic fishes have potential to demonstrate rapid abundance and distribution shifts in response to climatic variability due to their high adult motility, planktonic larval stages, and low dependence on benthic habitat for food or shelter during their life histories. Here, we provide evidence of substantial climate‐driven changes to the structure of pelagic fish communities in European shelf seas. We investigated the patterns of species‐level change using catch records from 57 870 fisheries‐independent survey trawls from across European continental shelf region between 1965 and 2012. We analysed changes in the distribution and rate of occurrence of the six most common species, and observed a strong subtropicalization of the North Sea and Baltic Sea assemblages. These areas have shifted away from cold‐water assemblages typically characterized by Atlantic herring and European sprat from the 1960s to 1980s, to warmer‐water assemblages including Atlantic mackerel, Atlantic horse mackerel, European pilchard and European anchovy from the 1990s onwards. We next investigated if warming sea temperatures have forced these changes using temporally comprehensive data from the North Sea region. Our models indicated the primary driver of change in these species has been sea surface temperatures in all cases. Together, these analyses highlight how individual species responses have combined to result in a dramatic subtropicalization of the pelagic fish assemblage of the European continental shelf.
Children's agency and its contradictions in the context of transnational labour migration from Vietnam
Authors: HOANG LAN ANH , YEOH BRENDA S. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this article, we contribute to the growing and diverse literature on the lived experiences of children and their agency in the context of migration. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with children whose migrant parents have left them behind, as well as with those who care for them in Vietnam, we demonstrate that the various ways in which they affect migration decision‐making and transnational communication shape the children's imaginations of migration. The context‐specific social construction of childhood, or more specifically adult perceptions of children's agency and needs, in turn structures these processes. We emphasize the need for debates on children's agency to take into account both broader socio‐economic processes at the macro level and the concrete and local scale at which children's lives unfold. By outlining how children's experiences of parental migration are constitutive of their attitudes toward this livelihood strategy, we also argue that the ability of those ‘left‐behind’ to exercise agency is closely intertwined with processes of social becoming and navigation in the transnational social fields constructed for them by adults.
Weekly high‐dose ergocalciferol to correct vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in hemodialysis patients: A pilot trial
Authors: Del Valle Elisa , Negri Armando L. , Fradinger Erich , Canalis Manuel , Bevione Pablo , Curcelegui Maria , Bravo Marina , Puddu Marcelo , Marini Alicia , Ryba Jaime , Peri Patricia , Rosa Diez Guillermo , Sintado Luis , Gottlieb Eduardo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractControversy exists on which vitamin D (D2 or D3) and which dosage scheme is the best to obtain and maintain adequate 25 OH D levels in dialysis patients safely. We tried to determine whether high‐dose vitamin D2 supplementation could obtain optimal vitamin D status without inducing hypercalcemia. We studied 82 patients on dialysis not taking active vitamin D therapy and supplemented them with oral vitamin D2 72,000 IU/week for 12 weeks followed by 24,000 IU/week as maintenance therapy during 36 weeks. By week 12, serum 25(OH)D increased from 15.2 ± 5.4 to 42.5 ± 13.2 ng/mL (P < 0.01) at week 12 and remained optimal (34.7 ± 12.0); 84.8% of the patients reached values ≥30 ng/mL. iPTH and alkaline phosphatase did not change at 48 weeks compared with baseline, but bone alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly (54.3 ± 46.0 to 44.3 ± 25.0; P = 0.02). Uncorrected serum Ca increased significantly at the end of follow‐up (9.03 ± 0.42 to 9.14 ± 0.62; P = 0.04); hypercalcemia was presented in two patients in the first control visit (week 12), in one patient in the second control (week 30), and in one patient in the third control (week 48). In 222 serum calcium determinations during follow‐up, hypercalcemia was observed in only 1.8% of cases. This vitamin D2 oral regimen with initial high doses was safe and sufficient to obtain and maintain optimal serum 25(OH)D concentrations and prevent vitamin D insufficiency in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis.
Hypnic Headache
Authors: Lanteri‐Minet Michel 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundHypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache characterized by strictly sleep‐related headache attacks.MethodsThis paper reviews the pertinent literature on HH.ResultsDisease information is mainly based on case reports and small case series (around 250 cases) published since its first description in 1988 by Raskin. HH usually starts over the age of 50. Frequency of patients with HH among patients consulting tertiary headache care centers is estimated from 0.07% to 0.35%, but exact prevalence of HH is unknown. Diagnostic criteria were recently updated by the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders beta version (ICHD‐3). Recent data suggest a possible hypothalamic involvement.ConclusionDevelopment of clinical research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of HH and to optimize treatment. Evidence for treatment data are missing, so treatment recommendations are based only on case reports or smaller open case series and reflect clinical experience. Caffeine can be used first line for acute treatment. Lithium and caffeine are possibly effective in prevention.
Detection of Gastric Precancerous Conditions in Daily Clinical Practice: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Lahner Edith , Zullo Angelo , Hassan Cesare , Perri Francesco , Dinis‐Ribeiro Mário , Esposito Gianluca , Di Giulio Emilio , Buscarini Elisabetta , Bianco Maria Antonietta , De Boni Michele ,   MAG‐Study Group, Annibale Bruno 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of gastric precancerous conditions and factors associated with their detection have not been fully investigated in community‐based settings. Little is known about adherence to Sydney system for histopathology of gastric biopsies.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate what really happens in clinical practice with regard to the detection of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in dyspeptic patients.MethodsWe performed a nationwide survey of 979 consecutive patients (50–65 years old) with dyspeptic symptoms, examined at 24 gastrointestinal endoscopy units throughout Italy. Clinical information was collected from questionnaires; a standard bioptic mapping was performed in each unit, biopsies from each patient were analyzed by histopathology performed according to daily clinical practice in each local histopathology center.ResultsSeparate descriptions of antral and corporal biopsies were included in 679 pathology reports (69%), whereas Sydney system was applied in 324 reports (33%). Gastric atrophy without intestinal metaplasia (GA) and gastric atrophy with intestinal metaplasia (GIM) were detected in 322 (33%) patients. The full adherence to Sydney system significantly increased the probability of detecting GIM (OR 9.6, 95% CI 5.5–16.7), GA (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.07–3.44), and either of the conditions (OR 6.67, 95% CI 4.36–10.19).ConclusionsThis nationwide survey showed that in one‐third of dyspeptic patients, gastric precancerous conditions are detected. In daily routine practice, only 1/3 of histology reports were worked out adhering to Sydney system showing that international guidelines are poorly observed in clinical practice. This may represent a critical element for surveillance strategies for gastric cancer.
Brief fixation does not hamper the reliability of Ki67 analysis in breast cancer core‐needle biopsies: a double‐centre study
Authors: Kalkman Shona , Bulte Joris P , Halilovic Altuna , Bult Peter , van Diest Paul J 
Published: September 2014

AimsImmunohistochemical assessment of Ki67 expression in core‐needle biopsies (CNBs) is increasingly playing a role in therapeutic decision‐making for breast cancer patients. Within the framework of same‐day diagnosis of breast lesions, fixation times are markedly decreased. We therefore attempted to validate Ki67 analysis in briefly fixed breast cancer CNBs.Methods and resultsCNBs of 136 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed through the same‐day diagnosis programme of both the University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU) and the Radboud University Medical Centre (RUMC) were included. CNBs were fixed in formaldehyde for approximately 45 min at the UMCU and for between 60 and 90 min at the RUMC. Immunohistochemistry for Ki67 expression was compared between the briefly fixed CNBs and conventionally fixed resection specimens of the same tumour. The overall agreement between CNBs and resections was 122 of 142 (85.9%) (κ = 0.71; 95% CI 0.60–0.83). Positive and negative predictive values were 79.7% (95% CI 67–88%) and 91.0% (95% CI 82–96%), respectively.ConclusionsOverall agreement for Ki67 expression was good between briefly fixed CNBs and conventionally fixed resection specimens, and within the range of studies comparing conventionally fixed CNBs and resections.
Body mass index and the risk of incident noncommunicable diseases after starting antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Koethe JR , Jenkins CA , Turner M , Bebawy S , Shepherd BE , Wester CW , Sterling TR 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesObesity and HIV infection are associated with an increased incidence of noninfectious comorbid medical conditions, but the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been well characterized.MethodsA cohort study of adults initiating ART between 1998 and 2010 at an academic centre with systematic laboratory and clinical data collection, including AIDS and NCD diagnoses, was carried out. The relationship between BMI at ART initiation and the risk of incident cardiovascular, hepatic, renal or oncological NCDs was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. BMI was fitted using restricted cubic splines and models adjusted for age, sex, race, CD4 count, protease inhibitor use, year of initiation, and prior AIDS‐defining illness.ResultsAmong 1089 patients in the analysis cohort, 54% had normal BMI, 28% were overweight, and 18% were obese. Baseline BMI was associated with developing an incident NCD (P < 0.01), but the relationship was nonlinear. Compared with a BMI of 25 kg/m2, a BMI of 30 kg/m2 conferred a lower risk of an incident NCD diagnosis [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40, 0.87]. This protective effect was attenuated at a BMI of 35 kg/m2 (AHR 0.78; 95% CI 0.49, 1.23). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses incorporating tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use, statin and antihypertensive exposure, and virological suppression.ConclusionsOverweight individuals starting ART have a lower risk of developing NCDs compared with normal BMI individuals, which may reflect a biological effect of adipose tissue or differences in patient or provider behaviours.
Additive Manufacturing of Dense Alumina Ceramics
Authors: Schwentenwein Martin , Homa Johannes 
Published: September 2014

In this study, a new process for additive manufacturing (AM) of dense and strong ceramic objects is described. The lithography‐based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) technique is based on the selective curing of a photosensitive slurry by a dynamic mask exposure process. The LCM technique is able to produce strong, dense and accurate alumina ceramics without virtually any geometrical limitations. With over 99.3% of a theoretical alumina density, four‐point bending strength of 427 MPa, and very smooth surfaces, the LCM process distinguishes itself from other AM techniques for ceramics and provides parts with very similar mechanical properties as conventionally formed alumina.
Renal Denervation for Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias: State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: KOSIUK JEDRZEJ , HILBERT SEBASTIAN , POKUSHALOV EVGENY , HINDRICKS GERHARD , STEINBERG JONATHAN S. , BOLLMANN ANDREAS 
Published: September 2014

Renal Denervation for Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias. It has now been more than a quarter of a century since modulation of the sympathetic nervous system was proposed for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias of different origins. But it has also been some time since some of the early surgical attempts have been abandoned. With the development of ablation techniques, however, new approaches and targets have been recently introduced that have revolutionized our way of thinking about sympathetic modulation. Renal nerve ablation technology is now being successfully used for the treatment of resistant hypertension, but the indication spectrum might broaden and new therapeutic options might arise in the near future.This review focuses on the possible impact of renal sympathetic system modulation on cardiac arrhythmias, the current evidence supporting this approach, and the ongoing trials of this method in electrophysiological laboratories. We will discuss the potential roles that sympathetic modulation may play in the future.
Identification and characterization of telocytes in the uterus of the oviduct in the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis: TEM evidence
Authors: Ullah Shakeeb , Yang Ping , Zhang Linli , Zhang Qian , Liu Yi , Chen Wei , Waqas Yasir , Le Yuan , Chen Bing , Chen Qiusheng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTelocytes (Tcs) are cells with telopodes (Tps), which are very long cellular extensions with alternating thin segments (podomers) and dilated bead‐like thick regions known as podoms. Tcs are a distinct category of interstitial cells and have been identified in many mammalian organs including heart, lung and kidney. The present study investigates the existence, ultrastructure, distribution and contacts of Tcs with surrounding cells in the uterus (shell gland) of the oviduct of the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Samples from the uterine segment of the oviduct were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Tcs were mainly located in the lamina propria beneath the simple columnar epithelium of the uterus and were situated close to nerve endings, capillaries, collagen fibres and secretory glands. The complete morphology of Tcs and Tps was clearly observed and our data confirmed the existence of Tcs in the uterus of the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. Our results suggest these cells contribute to the function of the secretory glands and contraction of the uterus.
miR‐150 functions as a tumour suppressor in human colorectal cancer by targeting c‐Myb
Authors: Feng Junlan , Yang Yongzhi , Zhang Peng , Wang Feng , Ma Yanlei , Qin Huanlong , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOur previously published study documented a deregulation of the microRNA miR‐150 in colorectal cancer. Here, we investigated further, in vitro and in vivo, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of miR‐150 in colorectal cancer, using the appropriate molecular biological methods. We report that miR‐150 is a key regulator in the tumourigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer, by acting as a tumour suppressor targeting c‐Myb. The current findings suggest that miR‐150 may have important roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.