bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of nonlinear static procedures for the seismic assessment of shear critical structures
Authors: Del Vecchio Ciro , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Di Sarno Luigi , Prota Andrea 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) members represents a key issue in the seismic performance assessment of structures. Many structures constructed in the 1980s or earlier were designed based on force limits; thus they often exhibit brittle failure modes, strength and stiffness degradation, and severe pinching effects. Field surveys and experimental evidence have demonstrated that such inelastic responses affect the global behavior of RC structural systems. Efforts have been made to consider the degrading stiffness and strength in the simplified nonlinear static procedures commonly adopted by practitioners. This paper investigates the accuracy of such procedures for the seismic performance assessment of RC structural systems. Refined finite element models of a shear critical bridge bent and a flexure‐critical bridge pier are used as reference models. The numerical models are validated against experimental results and used to evaluate the inelastic dynamic response of the structures subjected to earthquake ground motions with increasing amplitude. The maximum response from the refined numerical models is compared against the results from the simplified static procedures, namely modified capacity spectrum method and coefficient method in FEMA‐440. The accuracy of the static procedures in estimating the displacement demand of a flexure‐critical system and shear‐critical system is discussed in detail. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zugfest, leitend, defektfrei
Authors: Hüttel Andreas K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractKohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren sind ein faszinierendes Material. In Experimenten bei ultratiefen Temperaturen versuchen Physiker, ihre verschiedenen Eigenschaften miteinander in Wechselwirkung zu bringen — und so Antworten auf grundlegende Fragen zu finden.
Das Gute zum Schluss
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRückblick auf ein Jahr, in dem politische Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Bund, Ländern und Parteien die konzeptionelle Weiterentwicklung des Wissenschaftssystems erst lange verzögerten, bevor es am Ende dann doch noch zu zukunftsweisenden Beschlüssen kam. Diese auszugestalten, ist Aufgabe für das kommende Jahr — in dem es auch Grund zum Feiern gibt.
Patterns of failure in patients with head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Cuaron John , Rao Shyam , Wolden Suzanne , Zelefsky Michael , Schupak Karen , Mychalczak Borys , Lee Nancy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine patterns of failure and the relationship to radiation doses in patients with head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (HNCUP).MethodsWe reviewed 85 patients with HNCUP treated with curative‐intent radiation therapy (RT) during 1995 to 2012.ResultsThere have been no failures in the pharyngeal axis. Relapse at initial neck sites of disease developed in 7 patients (8.2%). The median dose to these sites was 70 Gy (range, 63–70 Gy). Failure at neck sites without initial disease occurred in 4 patients (4.7%). The median dose was 54 Gy (range, 50–58.8 Gy). There were no contralateral failures in a small cohort of patients receiving unilateral treatment (n = 6). Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube dependence at 12 months was 7.4%, and 2.5% at 3 years. Esophageal stricture developed in 5 patients (5.9%).ConclusionRT for HNCUP produces excellent locoregional control rates with acceptably low levels of late toxicity. Doses prescribed to sites of eventual failure did not vary significantly from those sites that were treated and remain in control. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E426–E431, 2016
Biofilm formation on the Provox ActiValve: Composition and ingrowth analyzed by Illumina paired‐end RNA sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Timmermans Adriana J. , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Bus‐Spoor Carien , Buijssen Kevin J. D. A. , van As‐Brooks Corina , de Goffau Marcus C. , Tonk Rudi H. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Hilgers Frans J. M. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe most frequent cause of voice prosthesis failure is microbial biofilm formation on the silicone valve, leading to destruction of the material and transprosthetic leakage. The Provox ActiValve valve is made of fluoroplastic, which should be insusceptible to destruction. The purpose of this study was to determine if fluoroplastic is insusceptible to destruction by Candida species.MethodsThirty‐three dysfunctional Provox ActiValves (collected 2011–2013). Biofilm analysis was performed with Illumina paired‐end sequencing (IPES), assessment of biofilm‐material interaction with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).ResultsIPES (n = 10) showed that Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are dominant populations on fluoroplastic and silicone. Microbial diversity is significantly lower on fluoroplastic. Lactobacillus gasseri is the prevalent bacterial strain on most voice prostheses. FISH and CLSM (n = 23): in none of the cases was ingrowth of Candida species present in the fluoroplastic.ConclusionFluoroplastic material of Provox ActiValve seems insusceptible to destruction by Candida species, which could help improve durability of voice prostheses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E432–E440, 2016
Innervation of the cricothyroid muscle by the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Masuoka Hiroo , Miyauchi Akira , Yabuta Tomonori , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Miya Akihiro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) are generally thought to innervate the endolaryngeal muscles and the cricothyroid muscle (CTM), respectively. Meticulous anatomic studies found communication between these nerves (ie, the human communicating nerve). In this study, we report the innervation of the CTM by the RLN.MethodsWe performed electromyographic studies of 50 patients during thyroidectomy (20 total and 30 hemithyroidectomies). During surgery, the external branch of the SLN, RLN, and vagus nerve were stimulated. Responses were evaluated by visual observation of the CTM and by electromyographies through needle electrodes inserted into the CTM.ResultsSeventy CTMs were evaluated. The RLN stimulation yielded both visible contractions and clear electromyographic responses (>300 µV) in 27 (39%), either response in 24 (34%), and neither response in 19 (27%) of the CTMs. The vagus stimulation gave similar results.ConclusionThe RLN innervated the CTM at least in 39% cases. © 2015 The Authors. Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E441–E445, 2016
Increased risk of salivary gland cancer among women with a previous cancer diagnosis
Authors: Falchook Aaron D. , Zevallos Jose P. , Chera Bhishamjit S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate salivary gland cancer incidence among patients with a previous cancer diagnosis and explore the potential relationship of salivary gland cancer among women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer.MethodsWe obtained information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2011. Incidence, annual percent change (APC), and survival were examined.ResultsWomen were more likely than men to experience subsequent salivary gland cancer, female observed to expected (O/E) = 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–1.78) versus male O/E = 1.34 (95% CI, 1.25–1.44). Index breast cancer does not confer greater risk of salivary gland cancer. Women demonstrate improved overall survival (OS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS) compared with men for subsequent salivary gland cancer.ConclusionAmong patients with a previous cancer diagnosis, the risk of subsequent salivary gland cancer is greater among women than men. More research is needed to determine the relationship between index breast cancer and subsequent salivary gland cancer risk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E446–E451, 2016
Characterisation of the Kynurenine Pathway in Skin‐Derived Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes
Authors: Sheipouri Diba , Grant Ross , Bustamante Sonia , Lovejoy David , Guillemin Gilles J. , Braidy Nady 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTAcute UVB exposure triggers inflammation leading to the induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1), one of the first enzymes in the kynurenine pathway (KP) for tryptophan degradation. However, limited studies have been undertaken to determine the catabolism of tryptophan within the skin. The aim of this study was two fold: (1) to establish if the administration of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and/or UVB radiation elicits differential KP expression patterns in human fibroblast and keratinocytes; and (2) to evaluate the effect of KP metabolites on intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, and cell viability. Primary cultures of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes were used to examine expression of the KP at the mRNA level using qPCR, and at the protein level using immunocytochemistry. Cellular responses to KP metabolites were assessed by examining extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and intracellular NAD+ levels. Major downstream KP metabolites were analyzed using GC/MS and HPLC. Our data shows that the KP is fully expressed both in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Exposure to UVB radiation and/or IFN‐γ causes significant changes in the expression pattern of downstream KP metabolites and enzymes. Exposure to various concentrations of KP metabolites showed marked differences in cell viability and intracellular NAD+ production, providing support for involvement of the KP in the de novo synthesis of NAD+ in the skin. This new information will have a significant impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis of UV related skin damage and the diagnosis of KP related disease states. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 903–922, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examining A ‘Micro–Macro Paradox’: Did Poverty Really Fall in the Union of Myanmar?
Authors: Shaffer Paul 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere is a ‘micro–macro paradox’ in poverty measurement. In a number of countries, declines in income or consumption poverty found in nationally representative household survey data are at odds with people's perceptions of worsening poverty or deprivation. This article suggests a number of potential explanations for the paradox and presents the case of Myanmar where many of these same issues have recently played out. It is argued that there are plausible explanations that reconcile, in part, apparently conflicting positions in Myanmar's ‘Great Poverty Debate’. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simplified method for quantifying the hydraulic properties of shrinking soils
Authors: Schindler Uwe , Doerner José , Mueller Lothar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn general, soils and their pore size systems are assumed to be rigid during the loss of water on drying. In reality, it is not the case for most soils, especially for soils with high quantities of clay or organic matter. As a result of shrinking, there are changes in the bulk density, the porosity, the pore size distribution, and the hydraulic properties of these soils. Currently, only a few methods enable the shrinkage behavior of soil samples to be determined while simultaneously quantifying the corresponding soil hydraulic properties. Either the methods need proprietary software for data processing, the equipment used is expensive or the calculation of the hydraulic properties is executed by inverse modelling. The aim of this study was to develop an alternative, simplified method for the simultaneous and automatic determination of the soil hydraulic properties, taking shrinkage into account. The HYPROP® evaporative device was combined with a circumference meter. A preliminary investigation found that the diameter of the cylindrical samples used for the HYPROP decreased linearly during evaporation from the bottom to the top. To sum up, recording the perimeter change in the middle position of the sample during drying‐out, together with the corresponding tension and water content, was sufficient to determine the hydraulic functions taking shrinkage into account. Measurements are presented for 6 samples which are different in texture and geological origin. The maximum shrinkage (19.5% by vol. between saturation and 5,000 hPa) was measured in the peat samples. The minimum shrinkage was quantified at 0.68% by vol. for the silty loam samples from Chile. The advantages of the method presented are: (1) the water retention curve and the hydraulic conductivity function can be determined simultaneously in the range between saturation and close to the wilting point, at a high resolution and taking into consideration shrinkage; (2) the method and device are simple and robust to use; (3) little time is required for measurement, between 3 and at most 10 d; (4) the functions are described over the whole tension range, using more than 100 user‐defined data points; (5) the evaluation of the volumetric soil water content measurement in shrinking soils is improved; and (6) common data models can be fitted to the hydraulic data as well as to the shrinkage data.
Nitrogen fertilization and maturity influence the phenolic concentration of wheat grain (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Stumpf Beate , Yan Feng , Honermeier Bernd 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis work investigated the influence of N fertilization and grain maturity on total phenolic concentration (TPC) of wheat caryopses. A pot experiment was conducted, using soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Thasos) which was treated with four different amounts of nitrogen (0.25–2.00 g N pot−1) and harvested at three different development stages (medium milk stage, late milk stage, and dough maturity). Phenolic compounds were extracted and analyzed as total phenolic concentration in three discrete fractions: free soluble, conjugated soluble and insoluble bound forms. TPC of free phenolic compounds rose with increasing N supply while TPC of conjugated soluble phenolics decreased at the same time. Insoluble phenolics were less affected by N treatment. Total phenolic concentration also changed with the development stage of caryopses and reached a peak at the late milk stage.
Innovative methods in soil phosphorus research: A review
Authors: Kruse Jens , Abraham Marion , Amelung Wulf , Baum Christel , Bol Roland , Kühn Oliver , Lewandowski Hans , Niederberger Jörg , Oelmann Yvonne , Rüger Christopher , Santner Jakob , Siebers Meike , Siebers Nina , Spohn Marie , Vestergren Johan , Vogts Angela , Leinweber Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for all life on Earth and, during the past decade, concerns about the future of its global supply have stimulated much research on soil P and method development. This review provides an overview of advanced state‐of‐the‐art methods currently used in soil P research. These involve bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic and spectrometric P speciation methods (1 and 2D NMR, IR, Raman, Q‐TOF MS/MS, high resolution‐MS, NanoSIMS, XRF, XPS, (µ)XAS) as well as methods for assessing soil P reactions (sorption isotherms, quantum‐chemical modeling, microbial biomass P, enzymes activity, DGT, 33P isotopic exchange, 18O isotope ratios). Required experimental set‐ups and the potentials and limitations of individual methods present a guide for the selection of most suitable methods or combinations.
Improving minimum detectable differences in the assessment of soil organic matter change in short‐term field experiments
Authors: Knebl Lucas , Leithold Günter , Brock Christopher 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe demand for information on cropping system impact on soil organic matter (SOM) calls for efforts to improve the utilization of short‐term field experiments (e.g., to evaluate the parameterization of cropping systems in models). Those approaches have coped with the problem of determining small SOM changes within a large background mass. Thus, objectives of this survey are (1) the improvement of the minimum detectable difference (MDD) in SOM in the hudycrop short‐term field experiment by methods of sampling design and data treatment, (2) the verification to what extend the hudycrop short‐term field experiment allows for the determination of management induced effects on SOM, and (3) the investigation to what extent the obtained results may be suitable to evaluate the parameterization of a SOM balance model. The design of the hudycrop is suitable for excluding outliers plotwise. The estimation of plot means can be improved by the sampling design. Instead of determining a single plot mean in a mixed sampling procedure, the design provides multiple values for each plot, allowing for the identification of extreme values before calculating plot means. In consequence, minimum detectable differences decrease by a factor of 0.53 for soil organic C (SOC) and 0.63 for soil total N (STN) masses, allowing for detection of changes in the magnitude of 3.7 and 2.6% of background SOC and STN levels, respectively. Differences between treatments, however, are significant with corrected values (after outlier exclusion) for the crop production systems with the highest impact (potatoes and mulched red clover). Determining outliers based on Student's t‐test gives the lowest MDD and is therefore considered to be the most suitable method in this case. Correlations between apparent changes and SOM balances according to the HU‐MOD–2 model, used in this survey, indicate that the experimental design, in principal, is suitable for the evaluation of the parameterization of crop production systems in models. Still, an improved precision in SOM change detection is necessary. Reasonable options for that purpose are discussed in the paper.
Supplementation with a 9c,11t‐rich conjugated linoleic acid blend shows no clear inhibitory effects on platelet function in healthy subjects at low and moderate cardiovascular risk: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bachmair Eva‐Maria , Wood Sharon G. , Keizer Hiskias G. , Horgan Graham W. , Ford Isobel , de Roos Baukje 
Published: January 2015

ScopeThe 9cis,11trans‐conjugated linoleic acid (9c,11t‐CLA) is reported to have anti‐atherogenic properties in animal models and to modulate protein expression in unstimulated human platelets in vivo. Platelet function was therefore investigated after dietary supplementation with 9c,11t‐CLA enriched oil (CLA80:20) in a randomized, baseline‐controlled cross‐over trial.Methods and resultsForty‐three healthy adults at low to moderate risk of cardiovascular disease received 4 g/day of CLA80:20 or placebo for two weeks each. Platelet function, inflammation, and endothelial activation were assessed before and after each phase. Compared with placebo, supplementation had no significant effects on platelet function measured by Platelet Function Analyzer‐100. Inhibitory effects on collagen‐induced aggregation were sex‐dependent (p = 0.005) that reached significance only in women (p = 0.045). Thrombin receptor‐activating peptide (TRAP)‐induced P‐selectin expression was higher after supplementation in all subjects (p = 0.017). TRAP‐induced platelet fibrinogen binding was also dependent on sex (p = 0.015), with fibrinogen binding after CLA80:20 being higher in males (p = 0.035). Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 was higher (p = 0.041) after CLA80:20.ConclusionNo clear evidence was found for inhibition or activation of platelet function as well as inflammation by CLA80:20 in a low to moderate cardiovascular risk group.
Outcomes of Cervical End‐to‐Side Triangulating Esophagogastric Anastomosis with Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
Authors: Nakata Kohei , Nagai Eishi , Ohuchida Kenoki , Nakamura Katsuya , Tanaka Masao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy has been performed with a variety of techniques during the past decade. However, anastomotic leakage and stricture are still important clinical problems after esophagogastric anastomosis, causing burdensome symptoms and poor quality of life. Herein, we describe a novel cervical end‐to‐side triangulating esophagogastric anastomoasis using linear stapler.MethodsA total of 90 patients (85 % male; mean age 63 years) with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent cervical end‐to‐side esophagogastric triangular anastomosis using a linear stapler after minimally invasive esophagectomy between November 2006 and April 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe median operation time was 602 min (range 424–936 min). The volume of blood loss during the entire operative procedure was 127 ml (range 0–700 ml). There were no cases of anastomotic leakage in this study, although four patients (4.4 %) developed dysphagia associated with benign anastomotic stricture formation. All patients with a benign anastomotic stricture underwent balloon dilation, which resulted in improvement in their symptoms.ConclusionsConsidering the absence of anastomotic leakage and low rate of anastomotic stricture formation in this study, our modified triangular esophagogastric anastomosis technique appears promising and may contribute to reduced morbidity and mortality rates following esophagectomy.
Long‐Term Outcomes After Total Pancreatectomy: Special Reference to Survivors’ Living Conditions and Quality of Life
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Ohtsuka Takao , Matsunaga Taketo , Kimura Hideyo , Tamura Koji , Ideno Noboru , Aso Teppei , Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Ueda Junji , Takahata Shunichi , Igarashi Hisato , Inoguchi Toyoshi , Ito Tetsuhide , Tanaka Masao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recent studies have confirmed the safety of total pancreatectomy (TP), appropriate selection of patients for TP has not been well documented. Because patients require lifelong medical treatment and self‐management of pancreatic insufficiency after TP, indications for TP should be determined carefully according not only to disease factors but also to the social background of patients. We aimed to clarify long‐term outcomes after TP, including the living conditions and quality of life (QoL), of surviving patients.MethodsMedical records of 44 consecutive patients who underwent TP between 1990 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively; 25 survivors completed cross‐sectional clinical surveys and responded to a questionnaire about QoL using Short Form 36v2.ResultsPrevalence of morbidity and mortality after TP was 32 and 5 %, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred more frequently in elderly patients than in young patients (48 vs. 14 %; P = 0.02); however, there was no significant difference in mortality, postoperative hospital stay, or survival. Twenty‐four of 25 survivors (96 %) could manage pancreatogenic diabetes by themselves, and the median level of glycosylated hemoglobin was 7.4 %. Although one‐third of patients after TP complained of diarrhea and the QoL scores of patients with diarrhea were lower than those of patients without diarrhea, QoL scores after TP were virtually comparable with those of the national population, even in elderly patients.ConclusionsTP can be performed safely, even in elderly patients. QoL after TP seems to be acceptable if patients are capable of self‐management.