bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying soil surface photolysis under conditions simulating water movement in the field: a new laboratory test design
Authors: Hand Laurence H. , Nichols Carol , Kuet Sui F. , Oliver Robin G. , Harbourt Christopher M. , El-Naggar Essam M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Soil surface photolysis can be a significant dissipation pathway for agrochemicals under field conditions, although it is assumed that such degradation ceases once the agrochemical is transported away from the surface following rainfall or irrigation and subsequent drainage of soil porewater. However, as both downward and upward water movements occur under field conditions, relatively mobile compounds may return to the surface, prolonging exposure to ultraviolet light and increasing the potential for degradation by photolysis. To test this hypothesis, a novel experimental system was used to quantify the contribution of photolysis to the overall dissipation of a new herbicide, bicyclopyrone, under conditions that mimicked field studies more closely than the standard laboratory test guidance. Soil cores were taken from 3 US field study sites, and the surfaces were treated with [14C]-bicyclopyrone. The radioactivity was redistributed throughout the cores using a simulated rainfall event, following which the cores were incubated under a xenon-arc lamp with continuous provision of moisture from below and a wind simulator to induce evaporation. After only 2 d, most of the test compound had returned to the soil surface. Significantly more degradation was observed in the irradiated samples than in a parallel dark control sample. Degradation rates were very similar to those observed in both the thin layer photolysis study and the field dissipation studies and significantly faster than in the soil metabolism studies conducted in the dark. Thus, for highly soluble, mobile agrochemicals, such as bicyclopyrone, photolysis is not terminated permanently by rainfall or irrigation but can resume following transport to the surface in evaporating water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2236–2243. © 2015 SETAC
Cross‐Section Stock Return and Implied Covariance between Jump and Diffusive Volatility
Authors: Ze‐To Samuel Y.M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractI examine the information content of option‐implied covariance between jumps and diffusive risk in the cross‐sectional variation in future returns. This paper documents that the difference between realized volatility and implied covariance (RV‐ICov) can predict future returns. The results show a significant and negative association of expected return and realized volatility–implied covariance spread in both the portfolio level analysis and cross‐sectional regression study. A trading strategy of buying a portfolio with the lowest RV‐ICov quintile portfolio and selling with the highest one generates positive and significant returns. This RV‐Cov anomaly is robust to controlling for size, book‐to‐market value, liquidity and systematic risk proportion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Core Business Transformation Risk Using the Optimal Rough Set and the Neural Network
Authors: Wang Delu , Song Xuefeng , Yin Wenying , Yuan Jingying 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the process of enterprise growth, core business transformation is an eternal theme. Enterprise risk forecasting is always an important concern for stakeholders. Considering the completeness and accuracy of the information in the early‐warning index, this paper presents a new risk‐forecasting method for enterprises to use for core business transformation by using rough set theory and an artificial neural network. First, continuous attribute values are discretized using the fuzzy clustering algorithm based on the maximum discernibility value function and information entropy. Afterwards, the major attributes are reduced by the rough sets. The core business transformation risk rank judgement is extracted to define the connection between network nodes and determine the structure of the neural networks. Finally, the improved back‐propagation (BP) neural network learning and training are used to judge the risk level of the test samples. The experiments are based on 265 listed companies in China, and the results show that the proposed risk‐forecasting model based on rough sets and the neural network provides higher prediction accuracy rates than do other widely developed baselines including logistic regression, neural networks and association rules mining. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica‐based mesoporous nanobiomaterials as promoter of bone regeneration process
Authors: Shadjou Nasrin , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSilica‐based mesostructured nanomaterials have emerged as a full family of biomaterials with tremendous potential to address the requirements for the bone regeneration process. This review focuses on more recent advances in bone regeneration process based on silica‐based mesoporous biomaterials during 2012 to January 2015. In this review, we describe application of silica‐based mesoporous mesostructured nanomaterials (possessing pore sizes in the range 2–50 nm) for the bone regeneration process. We summarize the preparation methods, the effect of mesopore templates and composition on the mesopore‐structure characteristics, and different forms of these materials, including particles, fibers, spheres, scaffolds, and composites. The effect of structural and textural properties of mesoporous materials on the development of new biomaterials for treatment of different bone pathologies such as infection, osteoporosis, cancer, and so forth is discussed. In addition, silica‐based mesoporous bioactive glass, as a potential drug/growth factor carrier, is reviewed, which includes the composition–structure–drug delivery relationship and the functional effect on the antibacteria and tissue‐stimulation properties. Also, application of different mesoporous materials on construction of 3D macroporous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering was disused. Finally, this review discusses the possibility of covalently grafting different osteoinductive agents to the silica‐based mesoporous scaffold surface that act as attracting signals for bone cells to promote the bone regeneration process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3703–3716, 2015.
Biomimetic fiber assembled gradient hydrogel to engineer glycosaminoglycan enriched and mineralized cartilage: Anin vitrostudy
Authors: Mohan Neethu , Wilson Jijo , Joseph Dexy , Vaikkath Dhanesh , Nair Prabha D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe study investigated the potential of electrospun fiber assembled hydrogel, with physical gradients of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and sol‐gel‐derived bioactive glass (BG), to engineer hyaline and mineralized cartilage in a single 3D system. Electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) fibers incorporated with 0.1% w/w of CS (CSL) and 0.5% w/w of CS (CSH), 2.4% w/w of BG (BGL) and 12.5% w/w of BG (BGH) were fabricated. The CS showed a sustained release up to 3 days from CSL and 14 days from CSH fibers. Chondrocytes secreted hyaline like matrix with higher sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), collagen type II and aggrecan on CSL and CSH fibers. Mineralization was observed on BGL and BGH fibers when incubated in simulated body fluid for 14 days. Chondrocytes cultured on these fibers secreted a mineralized matrix that consisted of sGAG, hypertrophic proteins, collagen type X, and osteocalcin. The CS and BG incorporated PCL fiber mats were assembled in an agarose‐gelatin hydrogel to generate a 3D hybrid scaffold. The signals in the fibers diffused and generated continuous opposing gradients of CS (chondrogenic signal) and BG (mineralization) in the hydrogel. The chondrocytes were encapsulated in hybrid scaffolds; live dead assay at 48 h showed viable cells. Cells maintained their phenotype and secreted specific extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to signals within the hydrogel. Continuous opposing gradients of sGAG enriched and mineralized ECM were observed surrounding each cell clusters on gradient hydrogel after 14 days of culture in response to the physical gradients of raw materials CS and BG. A construct with gradient mineralization might accelerate integration to subchondral bone duringin vivoregeneration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3896–3906, 2015.
Culture of hESC‐derived pancreatic progenitors in alginate‐based scaffolds
Authors: Formo Kjetil , Cho Candy H.‐H. , Vallier Ludovic , Strand Berit L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe effect of alginate‐based scaffolds with added basement membrane proteins on the in vitro development of hESC‐derived pancreatic progenitors was investigated. Cell clusters were encapsulated in scaffolds containing the basement membrane proteins collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, or extracellular matrix‐derived peptides, and maintained in culture for up to 46 days. The cells remained viable throughout the experiment with no signs of central necrosis. Whereas nonencapsulated cells aggregated into larger clusters, some of which showed signs of morphological changes and tissue organization, the alginate matrix stabilized the cluster size and displayed more homogeneous cell morphologies, allowing culture for long periods of time. For all conditions tested, a stable or declining expression of insulin and PDX1 and an increase in glucagon and somatostatin over time indicated a progressive reduction in beta cell‐related gene expression. Alginate scaffolds can provide a chemically defined, xeno‐free and easily scalable alternative for culture of pancreatic progenitors. Although no increase in insulin and PDX1 gene expression after alginate‐immobilized cell culture was seen in this study, further optimization of the matrix physicochemical and biological properties and of the medium composition may still be a relevant strategy to promote the stabilization or maturation of stem cell‐derived beta cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3717–3726, 2015.
Mesoporous calcium phosphate bionanomaterials with controlled morphology by an energy‐efficient microwave method
Authors: Reardon Philip James Thomas , Huang Jie , Tang Junwang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCalcium phosphate nanomaterials with controllable morphology and mesostructure were synthesized via a rapid and energy efficient microwave method. An increase in aspect ratio from nanoplates to nanorods was achieved by increasing the solvent chain length, accompanied by a subsequent about 23% increase in surface area and porosity. Control of mesoporosity was also achieved by varying the synthesis time and quantity of H2O in the reaction solvent. Comparative studies were carried out using conventional heating (CON) and room temperature co‐precipitation (RT) methods. It was found that microwave synthesis produces nanomaterials with about 50% higher yields, 7.5/1.7 times higher surface area and 3/5 times higher pore volume than RT/CON materials respectively, as well as having a lower distribution of particle size/shape (lower standard deviation values of their dimensions). Furthermore, in vitro protein loading tests of microwave synthesized mesoporous calcium phosphate materials showed an enhanced loading efficiency of bovine serum albumin (3–7 times), as compared with non‐mesostructured products from room temperature precipitation, in accordance with their larger surface area and porosity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3781–3789, 2015.
A review of stereotactic body radiotherapy – is volumetric modulated arc therapy the answer?
Authors: Sapkaroski Daniel , Osborne Catherine , Knight Kellie A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a high precision radiotherapy technique used for the treatment of small to moderate extra‐cranial tumours. Early studies utilising SBRT have shown favourable outcomes. However, major disadvantages of static field SBRT include long treatment times and toxicity complications. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may potentially mitigate these disadvantages. This review aims to assess the feasibility of emerging VMAT and IMRT‐based SBRT treatment techniques and qualify which offers the best outcome for patients, whilst identifying any emerging and advantageous SBRT planning trends. A review and synthesis of data from current literature up to September 2013 was conducted on EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest central, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews. Only full text papers comparing VMAT and or IMRT and or Static SBRT were included. Ten papers were identified that evaluated the results of VMAT/IMRT SBRT. Five related to medically inoperable stage 1 and 2 non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), three to spinal metastasis, one related to abdominal lymph node malignancies, with the final one looking at pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Overall treatment times with VMAT were reduced by 66–70% for lung, 46–58% for spine, 42% and 21% for lymph node and pancreatic metastasis respectively, planning constraints were met with several studies showing improved organs at risk sparing with IMRT/VMAT to static SBRT. Both IMRT and VMAT were able to meet all planning constraints in the studies reviewed, with VMAT offering the greatest treatment efficiency. Early clinical outcomes with VMAT and IMRT SBRT have demonstrated excellent local control and favourable survival outcomes.
A 13.5‐in. Quad‐FHD flexible CAAC‐OS AMOLED display with long‐life OLED device structure
Authors: Uesaka Shogo , Yamaoka Ryohei , Sasaki Toshiki , Chida Akihiro , Kawashima Susumu , Isa Toshiyuki , Seo Satoshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yatsuzuka Shota , Ohide Takayuki , Nakada Masataka , Yamazaki Shunpei , Niboshi Manabu , Isomura Yoshiyuki , Tsukamoto Yuto , Kawato Shinichi , Kikuchi Katsuhiro , Mitsui Seiichi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study, the device structure of a white tandem organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) was changed to control the emission area and thereby achieve less luminance decay. A long‐life 13.5‐inch 4 K flexible c‐axis‐aligned crystal oxide semiconductor (CAAC‐OS) active‐matrix OLED with less color shift and high resolution was fabricated using this long‐life white OLED, transfer technology, and a CAAC‐OS field‐effect transistor.
Supracricoid laryngectomy and dysphagia: A systematic literature review
Authors: Lips Marieke , Speyer Renée , Zumach Anne , Kross Kenneth W. , Kremer Bernd 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisPerform a systematic literature search to provide an overview of today's literature regarding the different aspects that can cause dysphagia after supracricoid laryngectomy.Study DesignA systematic literature review.Review MethodsThe inclusion criteria were laryngeal cancer, supracricoid laryngectomy, and swallowing. Thirty‐one qualifying articles were included and analyzed describing swallowing after supracricoid laryngectomy.ResultsIncluded studies examined the incidence of dysphagia and discussed various factors that will or will not contribute to dysphagia after supracricoid laryngectomy, type of reconstruction, swallow training, radiation, arytenoid cartilage resection, extended procedures, and age.ConclusionA high incidence of dysphagia was reported after supracricoid laryngectomy. However, good recovery rates were observed with low incidence of severe complications. The included studies used different methods and standards to start oral intake, remove the nasogastric feeding tube, and observe swallow function. Homogenous study population and standardized guidelines on how to handle the pre‐ and postoperative course after supracricoid laryngectomy and how to measure swallow function could improve further research. Laryngoscope, 125:2143–2156, 2015
Surgical margins and oncologic results after carcinoma of the external auditory canal
Authors: Ihler Friedrich , Koopmann Mario , Weiss Bernhard G. , Dröge Leif Hendrik , Durisin Martin , Christiansen Hans , Weiß Daniel , Canis Martin , Wolff Hendrik A. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisExternal auditory canal cancer is rare and carries a poor prognosis. To date, only a few studies provide evidence for clinical decision making in multimodal treatment.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 36 cases in three tertiary referral centers.ResultsThirteen patients were treated by surgery alone, 18 by surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and five by primary CRT. Clear surgical margins (R0) were obtained in 19 patients and positive margins (R1) in 12. The 5‐year overall survival and local control rates were 59.4% and 74.2% with R0 status versus 56.6% and 26.3% with R1 status. The 5‐year overall survival and local control rates were 46.2% and 70.7% with surgery alone, 78.1% and 43.2% with surgery and adjuvant CRT, and 25.0% and 80.0% with primary CRT.ConclusionSurgery is integral to the management of external auditory canal cancer, whereas CRT is necessary as an adjuvant or primary treatment, depending on tumor stage.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2107–2112, 2015
Biomonitoring using dried blood spots: Detection of ochratoxin A and its degradation product 2’R‐ochratoxin A in blood from coffee drinkers*
Authors: Cramer Benedikt , Osteresch Bernd , Muñoz Katherine A. , Hillmann Hartmut , Sibrowski Walter , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: May 2015

ScopeIn this study, human exposure to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) and its thermal degradation product 2’R‐ochratoxin A (2’R‐OTA, previously named as 14R‐Ochratoxin A [22]) through coffee consumption was assessed. LC‐MS/MS and the dried blood spot (DBS) technique were used for the analysis of blood samples from coffee and noncoffee drinkers (n = 50), and food frequency questionnaires were used to document coffee consumption.Methods and resultsFor the detection of OTA and 2’R‐OTA in blood, a new sensitive and efficient sample preparation method based on DBS was established and validated. Using this technique 2’R‐OTA was for the first time detected in biological samples. Comparison between coffee drinkers and noncoffee drinkers showed for the first time that 2’R‐OTA was only present in blood from the first group while OTA could be found in both groups in a mean concentration of 0.21 μg/L. 2’R‐OTA mean concentration was 0.11 μg/L with a maximum concentration of 0.414 μg/L. Thus, in average 2’R‐OTA was approx. half the concentration of OTA but in some cases even exceeded OTA levels. No correlation between the amounts of coffee consumption and OTA or 2’R‐OTA levels was observed.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed for the first time a high exposure of coffee consumers to 2’R‐OTA, a compound formed from OTA during coffee roasting. Since little information is available regarding toxicity and possible carcinogenicity of this compound, further OTA monitoring in blood including 2’R‐OTA is advisable.
FRAP, FLIM, and FRET: Detection and analysis of cellular dynamics on a molecular scale using fluorescence microscopy
Authors: De Los Santos Carla , Chang Ching‐Wei , Mycek Mary‐Ann , Cardullo Richard A. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYThe combination of fluorescent‐probe technology plus modern optical microscopes allows investigators to monitor dynamic events in living cells with exquisite temporal and spatial resolution. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), for example, has long been used to monitor molecular dynamics both within cells and on cellular surfaces. Although bound by the diffraction limit imposed on all optical microscopes, the combination of digital cameras and the application of fluorescence intensity information on large‐pixel arrays have allowed such dynamic information to be monitored and quantified. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), on the other hand, utilizes the information from an ensemble of fluorophores to probe changes in the local environment. Using either fluorescence‐intensity or lifetime approaches, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy provides information about molecular interactions, with Ångstrom resolution. In this review, we summarize the theoretical framework underlying these methods and illustrate their utility in addressing important problems in reproductive and developmental systems. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 587–604, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of renal failure with the non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Caldeira Daniel , Gonçalves Nilza , Pinto Fausto J. , Costa João , Ferreira Joaquim J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeVitamin K antagonists (VKA)‐related nephropathy is a novel entity characterized by acute kidney injury related to International Normalized Ratio supratherapeutic levels. Non‐vitamin K antagonists oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have a predictable dose‐response relationship and an improved safety profile. We hypothesized that these drugs do not have an increased risk of incident renal failure, which may be detrimental for the use of NOACs.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Trials were searched through Medline, Cochrane Library and public assessment reports in August 2014. Primary outcome was renal failure. NOACs were evaluated against any comparator. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed by default, and pooled estimates were expressed as Risk Ratio (RR) and 95%CI. Heterogeneity was evaluated with I2 test.ResultsTen RCTs fulfilled inclusion criteria (one apixaban RCT, three dabigatran RCTs, and six rivaroxaban RCTs), enrolling 75 100 patients. Overall NOACs did not increase the risk of renal failure with an RR 0.96, 95%CI 0.88–1.05 compared with VKA or Low‐molecular weight heparin (LMWH), without significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 3.5%). Compared with VKA, NOACs did not increase the risk of renal failure (RR 0.96, 95%CI 0.87–1.07; I2 = 17.8%; six RCTs). Rivaroxaban did not show differences in the incidence of renal failure compared with LMWH (RR 1.20, 95%CI 0.37–3.94; four trials), but there was an increased risk of creatinine elevation RR 1.25, 95%CI 1.08–1.45; I2 = 0%.ConclusionsNOACs had a similar risk of renal failure compared with VKA/LMWH in phase III RCTs. Post‐marketing surveillance should be warranted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.