bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of dopaminergic genotype and parent–child relationship in relation to intra‐individual response time variability in preschoolers: A replication study
Authors: Zhang Yuewen , Wang Zhenhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntra‐individual response time variability (IIRTV) during cognitive performance is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of attentional control (AC) and related brain region function. However, what determinants contribute to preschoolers’ IIRTV received little attention. The present study explored the interaction of dopaminergic polygenic composite score (DPCS) and the parent–child relationship in relation to preschoolers’ IIRTV. In the initial sample, 452 preschoolers (M age = 5.17, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. The modified Flanker task was used to evaluate children's IIRTV and their parents were requested to complete the Parent–Child Relationship Scale to assess the parent–child relationship (closeness/conflict). DNA data were extracted from children's saliva samples, and a DPCS was created by the number of COMT, DAT1, and DRD2 alleles associated with lower dopamine levels. Results showed that DPCS significantly interacted with the parent–child closeness to impact preschoolers’ IIRTV. Specifically, preschoolers with higher DPCS exhibited lower IIRTV under higher levels of the parent–child closeness, and greater IIRTV under lower levels of the parent–child closeness compared to those with lower DPCS, which supported the differential susceptibility theory (DST). A direct replication attempt with 280 preschoolers (M age = 4.80, SD = 0.86) was conducted to investigate whether the results were in accordance with our exploratory outcomes. The interactive effect of DPCS and the parent–child closeness on IIRTV was confirmed. Additionally, the significant interactive effect of DPCS and the parent–child conflict on IIRTV was found in the replication study. The findings indicate that preschoolers’ IIRTV, as an indicator of AC and related brain region function, is influenced by the interactions of dopaminergic genotypes and the parent–child relationship.Research Highlights
We investigated the Gene × Environment mechanism to underline the intra‐individual response time variability as an indicator of attentional control (AC) in Chinese preschoolers.
Dopaminergic polygenic composite score (COMT, DAT1, and DRD2) interacted with the parent–child relationship to predict preschoolers’ intra‐individual reaction time variability.
A direct replication attempt has been conducted, and the results were in accordance with our exploratory outcomes, which increased the credibility of the present findings.
The findings highlight the importance of considering precursors, including polygenic and environmental factors, which contribute to the development of early cognitive performance such as AC.
Lessons Learnt From Running a Transition‐Age Youth Mental Health Outpatient Clinic in Italy: The PRecocity of Intervention in Adolescent Medicine (PRIMA) Experience
Authors: Colizzi Marco , Basaldella Marta , Candolo Anna , Garzitto Marco , Palermo Andrea , Scipioni Claudia , Tavian Giovanna , Balestrieri Matteo , Bortoletto Riccardo , Comacchio Carla 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study assessed whether transition age between adolescence and young adulthood poses a challenge for both patients and mental health services.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the baseline characteristics, diagnoses and treatments of 99 individuals aged 16–35 presenting to the PRecocity of Intervention in Adolescent Medicine (PRIMA) transition‐age mental health outpatient clinic, Italy, over a 24‐month period.Results and DiscussionMost patients were female, aged 20 or younger, employed and did not experience impairment in daily autonomies. About half patients were referred by general practitioners or self‐referred, often as initial contact with any adult mental health services, complaining with multiple symptoms (88%), mainly including anxiety, affective disturbances and insomnia. Most of them received a single diagnosis (68%), one out of three being diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Patients presenting with anxiety (63% vs. 32%; OR = 3.55, p = 0.01) and affective symptoms (56% vs .23%; OR = 4.26, p = 0.01) and receiving multiple diagnoses (30% vs. 9%; χ
2(2) = 19.7, p < 0.01) were more likely to be prescribed with psychopharmacological medication at the first visit. At a 6‐month follow‐up, one in two patients remained in PRIMA, while the others required different services tailored to their specific conditions, especially neurodevelopmental disorders.ConclusionFindings from this study warrant the need for specialised mental healthcare facilities ensuring timely and high‐quality interventions for adolescents transitioning into young adulthood.
What a jerk!
Authors: Sander Thorsten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractI argue that “general pejoratives” such as “jerk” or “bastard” differ crucially from items such as “that damn N”. While items such as the latter typically serve to give vent to one's attitudes, general pejoratives essentially involve judgments about a person's behaviour or character. This is particularly evident in cases where pejoratives occur not as epithets, but as predicate nominals. If we want to account for the overall contribution of words such as “jerk”, there are three kinds of content that ought to be distinguished: truth‐conditional contents, evaluative presuppositions, and expressive contents that are either at‐issue (in the case of expressive predicates) or non‐at‐issue (in the case of epithets).
Toward a Joint Declaration on the Church?
Authors: Karttunen Tomi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Lutheran–Catholic report Baptism and Growth in Communion (2019) argued that on the basis of a common understanding of baptism, it would be possible for both Lutherans and Catholics to consider themselves as being in communion within the one body of Christ and in this sense as churches. However, this approach was not supported unambiguously on the Catholic side. One commission member stated that the Catholic Church is the “only fully identifiable” visible manifestation of the body of Christ. Also, the use of “elements of sanctification and truth” as ecclesial criteria was seen to be too optimistic. As a result of this, Baptism and Growth in Communion is now understood only as an open‐ended study document that is not yet ready for reception. It seems the starting point of the report was a belief that the Lutheran and Catholic understandings of the church differ so much that a new approach is needed, namely through the mutual recognition of baptism and the mutual recognition of baptizing communities as members of the body of Christ. However, this path does not appear to be possible in the proposed form because of the criticism from the Catholic side. Instead, it might be possible to make progress through a Joint Declaration on the Church that can pick up the insights of the reports On Church and Church Communion (2018), Communion in Growth (2017), as well as Baptism and Growth in Communion and other major dialogue documents in ecumenical ecclesiology.
Relationship between respiratory function assessed by spirometry and mild cognitive impairment among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Tachibana Yuka , Godai Kayo , Kabayama Mai , Akagi Yuya , Kido Michiko , Hosokawa Mariko , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Yamamoto Koichi , Yasumoto Saori , Masui Yukie , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Gondo Yasuyuki , Kamide Kei 
Published: August 2024

AimAging is a major cause of cognitive dysfunction. It has also been reported that respiratory function may influence cognitive dysfunction. However, few studies have examined the relationship between cognitive function and respiratory function among community‐dwelling older adults. This study aims to determine the relationship between respiratory function, assessed using spirometry, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis study included 419 participants aged 73 ± 1 years and 348 participants aged 83 ± 1 years from the SONIC cohort study (Septuagenarians Octogenarians Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians Study). Respiratory function was evaluated using %Vital Capacity (%VC), Forced Expiratory Volume 1 s (FEV1)/Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and %Peak Expiratory Flow (%PEF). Airflow‐limitation presence and stages were classified using FEV1/FVC. Cognitive function and MCI were assessed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐J).ResultsThe MoCA‐J score exhibited a declining trend as the airflow‐limitation stage increased among study participants in the 83 ± 1 age group. The presence of airflow limitation was associated with MCI in the 83 ± 1 age group. Among the indicators of each respiratory function, low %PEF was found to be associated with an increased rate of MCI. Furthermore, low %VC has also been suggested to be associated with an increased rate of MCI in the 83 ± 1 age female group.ConclusionsAdvanced airflow‐limitation stages may exacerbate cognitive dysfunction in community‐dwelling older adults. The presence of airflow limitation and low %VC may also be associated with cognitive dysfunction in older women. Consequently, reduced respiratory function may potentially be associated with MCI in community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••.
Diaspora Voices Explored: Introducing a Representative Claims Framework to Analyse the Tibetan Diaspora Network Online
Authors: Brunner Palmo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a representative claims approach as a novel analytical framework to the field of diaspora politics. Supplemented with a network perspective, this approach offers a more nuanced understanding of the practices underpinning diasporic claims‐making. Applying it to the empirical case of the Tibetan diaspora, which is confronted with an authoritarian China, the study draws on the internet as a pivotal tool for diasporas to foster connections, mobilize and articulate their claims. By exploring the online network on the basis of a hyperlink and web‐content analysis, the article reveals the intertwined structure of the Tibetan diaspora online. A plethora of actors claim to speak on behalf of the voiceless people at home, advocating for the preservation of the unique Tibetan culture while also embracing global values to garner external support. This article contributes to the scholarly discussion on transnational engagement and representation in the digital age.
Solitary verrucous plaque on a leg
Authors: Singh Sukhdeep , Chatterjee Debajyoti , De Dipankar , Mahajan Rahul , Handa Sanjeev 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present the case of a female in her 70s who presented with a solitary verrucous plaque on her left leg accompanied by painful oral erosions. Various differential diagnoses were considered, like lichen simplex chronicus, hypertrophic lichen planus, and chromoblastomycosis. We diagnosed pemphigus vegetans (PVeg) on a nonintertriginous site through comprehensive clinical examination and histopathological and immunopathological evaluations. This case highlights the importance of considering PVeg in the differential diagnosis of solitary verrucous plaques, even in atypical extra‐flexural anatomical locations.
Remitted euros are not equal: The complex spending behaviour of Kosovar households
Authors: Arapi‐Gjini Arjola , Möllers Judith , Herzfeld Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article uses a mixed‐methods approach to evaluate how remittances impact household spending behaviour in Kosovo. Based on a nationally representative data set and using matching techniques, it shows that migration does not cause substantive changes in household spending. While remittances cover basic consumption needs, there are no impacts on budgetary allocations for business investments, health and education. Yet, qualitative research conducted in Kosovo's Opoja region, involving the analysis of 28 open‐ended interviews, unveils a complex remitting mechanism. While migrants send smaller but regular amounts of money to cover basic needs, earmarked transfers are allocated for housing investments and conspicuous consumption only. These earmarked transfers do not enter Kosovar households' budgets, as migrants exercise decision‐making authority over these funds. For policymakers, our findings suggest that standard survey questions fall short of capturing the complexity of the remitting mechanism. When promoting productive investments, it is the migrants who should be targeted as key decision‐makers.
Advancement in the development of mRNA‐based vaccines for respiratory viruses
Authors: Troncoso‐Bravo Tays , Ramírez Mario A. , Loaiza Ricardo A. , Román‐Cárdenas Carolina , Papazisis Georgios , Garrido Daniel , González Pablo A. , Bueno Susan M. , Kalergis Alexis M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcute respiratory infections are the leading cause of death and illness in children under 5 years old and represent a significant burden in older adults. Primarily caused by viruses infecting the lower respiratory tract, symptoms include cough, congestion, and low‐grade fever, potentially leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)‐based vaccines are biopharmaceutical formulations that employ mRNA molecules to induce specific immune responses, facilitating the expression of viral or bacterial antigens and promoting immunization against infectious diseases. Notably, this technology had significant relevance during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as these formulations helped to limit SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Importantly, mRNA vaccines promise to be implemented as new alternatives for fighting other respiratory viruses, such as influenza, human respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus. This review article analyzes mRNA‐based vaccines' main contributions, perspectives, challenges, and implications against respiratory viruses.
Effects of triploidization on light sensitivity in larval stage of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis
Authors: Hayashida Takao , Higuchi Kentaro , Okita Kogen , Takashi Toshinori , Kazeto Yukinori , Gen Koichiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTriploidization influences various biological characteristics of fish, which is associated with reductions in the number of multiple cell types in different tissues/organs. Our behavioral analyses revealed that triploid Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) larvae exhibit lower sensitivity to light compared to diploids. Furthermore, histological analyses revealed a reduction in the number of ganglion cells and an increase in their size in the retinas of triploid T. orientalis larvae. Our findings provide the first evidence indicating that triploidization reduces sensory perception during the larval stage of fish.
Novel Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed‐culture ferment extract provides potent skin benefits in vitro and protects skin from aging
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Huang Hu , Tao Kan , Guo Lili , Hu Xincheng , Chang Huailong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging is one of the most abundant aging‐related disorders that can be accelerated by excessive exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Topically applied fermented skincare ingredients have gained mounting attentions due to their high concentration of various skin nourishing nutrients and bioactive components and low skin irritation potency.AimsIn the present study, we aim to fully demonstrate the skin‐related benefits of a novel extract of Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed‐culture ferment (TBFE).MethodsTBFE was prepared through an innovative mixed‐culture fermentation process. The contents of nutrients and bioactive ingredients were quantified by different methods accordingly. Both in vitro tests and randomized controlled human trial were utilized to further demonstrate multifaceted beneficial effects on human skin, as well as the potential mechanisms.ResultsOur results showed that TBFE upregulated the expression of type IV collagen, elastin, aquaporin‐3, and dermal‐epidermal junction markers, while inhibited production of melanin, in different skin cell models. Moreover, TBFE inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory mediators induced by ultraviolet irradiation in normal human keratinocytes, while stimulated autophagy in senescent keratinocytes. Results from clinical studies confirmed those in vitro findings, demonstrating that TBFE at 5% and 20% concentration provides anti‐aging properties in subjects with sensitive skin, in terms of improving wrinkles, moisturization, and skin lightening.ConclusionsIn summary, we demonstrate that a novel mixed‐culture ferment extract has promising anti‐aging effects, which may be attributed to anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, and promotion of autophagy in skin cells.
States of consciousness and interoceptive hypersensibility: A study in patients with insomnia disorder
Authors: Alfì Gaspare , Maruani Julia , Aquino Giulia , Menicucci Danilo , Palagini Laura , Gemignani Angelo , Bazin Balthazar , Clerici Emmanuelle , Stern Emilie , Geoffroy Pierre A. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis exploratory study aimed to investigate the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and quality of consciousness in individuals with insomnia disorder, in order to understand how the modulation of internal states may contribute to modifying the experience of consciousness during sleep difficulties. A total of 37 patients with insomnia disorder (mean age = 46.05 ± 18.16) and 41 healthy good sleepers (mean age = 50.2 ± 12.99) underwent a psychometric sleep and interoceptive sensibility assessment, using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Moreover, patients with insomnia disorder also completed a quality of consciousness evaluation, using the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI). Patients with insomnia disorder exhibited heightened interoceptive sensibility, particularly in noticing body sensations (p < 0.0001) and emotional awareness (p = 0.032), along with diminished abilities in attention regulation (p = 0.040), not‐worrying (p = 0.001), and trusting (p = 0.002). Furthermore, correlations between interoceptive sensibility and multiple aspects of the consciousness state during the insomnia night were identified. Specifically, higher emotional awareness was linked to a 2.49‐fold increase in the likelihood of subjectively experiencing altered consciousness states during insomnia. The study sheds light on the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and the subjective state of consciousness during insomnia, emphasising the importance of exploring and considering interoception as part of the therapeutic process for insomnia disorder. Given the exploratory nature of the study and the increased risk of type‐I error from numerous correlations, the results should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to validate and confirm their robustness.
Evolutionary novelty in chemical signalling is linked with chemosensory behaviour in close Liolaemus lizard species (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Authors: Ruiz‐Monachesi M. R. , Valdecantos S. , Gamarra‐Nallar R. , Moreno Azócar D. L. , Pueta M. , Perotti G. , Cruz F. B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEvolutionary changes, associated with the gain or loss of traits, can occur in signal‐emitting and signal‐detecting organs. Related functionality generally accompanies these changes; however, in some cases there are mismatches and evolutionary innovations do not show an indication of functional advantages. Due to this, the relationship between evolutionary changes and the functionality of sensory organs remains unclear. Lizard species belonging to Liolaemus lineomaculatus section present fast evolutionary state transitions associated with the gain or loss of precloacal pores (chemical signalling glands). In this group, precloacal pores configuration includes species where only males have pores (Liolaemus attenboroughi‐ancestral state), where both sexes lack of them (L. kolengh male‐loss), and species where both sexes have pores (L. zullyae, representing a female‐gain). Here, we test the relationships between evolutionary changes of signal‐emitting glands with different chemical and visual behaviours. We conducted behavioural trials in three species belonging to the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section: L. attenboroughi, L. kolengh, and L. zullyae. We measured individuals' chemical and visual responses to different social scents and to conspecific visual stimuli. Results showed the presence of different social scents recognition ability in both male‐only and female‐gain species, whereas male‐loss species showed no behavioural differences among the chemical trials. Lizards exhibited few responses in the visual trials, although the species with pores used chemo‐sensorial sense in the visual trials, while male‐loss species showed differences in visual displays in the presence of conspecific visual stimuli. These results suggest a link between evolutionary novelties of chemical secretory glands and chemical recognition.
Multiple time scale optimization explains functional trait responses to leaf water potential
Authors: Matthews Aidan , Katul Gabriel , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Plant response to water stress involves multiple timescales. In the short term, stomatal adjustments optimize some fitness function commonly related to carbon uptake, while in the long term, traits including xylem resilience are adjusted. These optimizations are usually considered independently, the former involving stomatal aperture and the latter carbon allocation. However, short‐ and long‐term adjustments are interdependent, as ‘optimal’ in the short term depends on traits set in the longer term.

An economics framework is used to optimize long‐term traits that impact short‐term stomatal behavior. Two traits analyzed here are the resilience of xylem and the resilience of nonstomatal limitations (NSLs) to photosynthesis at low‐water potentials.

Results show that optimality requires xylem resilience to increase with climatic aridity. Results also suggest that the point at which xylem reach 50% conductance and the point at which NSLs reach 50% capacity are constrained to approximately a 2 : 1 linear ratio; however, this awaits further experimental verification.

The model demonstrates how trait coordination arises mathematically, and it can be extended to many other traits that cross timescales. With further verification, these results could be used in plant modelling when information on plant traits is limited.