bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sell‐Side Analyst Research and Stock Comovement
Authors: MUSLU VOLKAN , REBELLO MICHAEL , XU YEXIAO 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe document that a stock's price around a recommendation or forecast covaries with prices of other stocks the issuing analyst covers. The effect of shared analyst coverage on stock price comovement extends beyond analyst activity days. A stock's daily returns covary with the returns of other stocks with which it shares analyst coverage. These links between stock price comovement and shared analyst coverage are consistent with the coverage‐specific information we find in earnings forecasts; analysts who cover both stocks in a pair expect future earnings of the stocks to be more highly correlated than do analysts who cover only one stock from the pair. Collectively, our evidence indicates that analyst research produces coverage‐specific spillovers that raise price comovement among stocks that share analyst coverage. The strength of these spillovers is comparable to spillovers from broad industry and market information in analyst research.
Weight‐neutral effect of once‐daily insulin detemir in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: Subgroup analysis of the SOLVE study 一天一次地特胰岛素对中国2型糖尿病患者体重的中性影响：SOLVE研究亚组分析
Authors: Pan Changyu , Han Ping , Ji Linong , Ji Qiuhe , Lu Juming , Lin Jing , Liu Jie , Su Benli , Shi Jingmei , Wang Penghua 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe present subanalysis of the Study of Once Daily Levemir (SOLVE) study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of once‐daily insulin detemir as add‐on to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients according to body mass index in a real‐life setting.MethodsIn all, 3272 eligible patients who were treated with diet, exercise, and one or more OAD were prescribed once‐daily insulin detemir by their physician according to routine clinical practice and were followed‐up for 24 weeks. The incidence of serious adverse reactions (SADRs), including major hypoglycemia, was the primary endpoint. Subanalyses were performed on patients in the following BMI groups: normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2); overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2); and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).ResultsNo SADRs were reported during the study. Significant improvements in glycemic levels were observed in all subgroups. For normal weight, overweight, and obese patients, the mean change in HbA1c (%/[mmol/mol]) was −1.26/−14, −1.09/−12, and −1.06/−12, respectively. The mean change in fasting plasma glucose in normal weight, overweight, and obese patients was −2.77, −2.57, and −2.71 mmol/L, respectively. Slight weight gain (0.25 kg), slight weight loss (–0.36 kg), and weight loss (–1.32 kg) were observed in the normal weight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between weight change and baseline BMI (slope = −0.16; P < 0.001).ConclusionsOnce‐daily insulin detemir as add‐on to OADs in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes showed effective glycemic control and a low risk of hypoglycemia. Weight‐neutral effects were observed in different BMI subgroups.
Role of oxidative stress‐induced systemic and cavernosal molecular alterations in the progression of diabetic erectile dysfunction在糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的进展过程中氧化应激所诱导的全身以及海绵体分子变化的影响
Authors: Castela Angela , Gomes Pedro , Domingues Valentina F. , Paíga Paula , Costa Raquel , Vendeira Pedro , Costa Carla 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent complication of diabetes, and oxidative stress is an important feature of diabetic ED. Oxidative stress‐induced damage plays a pivotal role in the development of tissue alterations. However, the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in the corpus cavernosum with the progression of diabetes remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic and penile oxidative stress status in the early and late stages of diabetes.MethodsMale Wistar streptozotocin‐diabetic rats (and age‐matched controls) were examined 2 (early) and 8 weeks (late) after the induction of diabetes. Systemic oxidative stress was evaluated by urinary H2O2 and the ratio of circulating reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Penile oxidative status was assessed by H2O2 production and 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) formation. Cavernosal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was analyzed by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Dual immunofluorescence was also performed for 3‐NT and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and eNOS–α‐SMA.ResultsThere was a significant increase in urinary H2O2 levels in both diabetic groups. The plasma GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly augmented in late diabetes. In cavernosal tissue, H2O2 production was significantly increased in late diabetes. Reactivity for 3‐NT was located predominantly in cavernosal smooth muscle (SM) and was significantly reduced in late diabetes. Quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a significant decrease in eNOS levels in cavernosal SM and endothelium in late diabetes.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the noxious effects of oxidative stress are more prominent in late diabetes. Increased penile protein oxidative modifications and decreased eNOS expression may be responsible for structural and/or functional deregulation, contributing to the progression of diabetes‐associated ED.
Glucose series complexity at the threshold of diabetes 糖尿病阈值的血糖序列的复杂性
Authors: Varela Manuel , Rodriguez Carmen , Vigil Luis , Cirugeda Eva , Colas Ana , Vargas Borja 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundOne of the earliest signs of dysfunction in a complex system is the simplification of its output. A well‐accepted method to measure this phenomenon is detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Herein, we evaluated the usefulness of DFA at the threshold of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe report on the clinical and glucometric characteristics of a sample of 103 patients at increased risk of developing T2DM. All patients had HbA1c levels 5%–6.4% and met at least one of the following criteria: body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, essential hypertension or a first‐degree relative with T2DM. For each patient, a 24‐h glucose time series was obtained, and the clinical and glucometric variables were compared.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between the number of National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) metabolic syndrome (MS)‐defining criteria and DFA (ρ = 0.231, P = 0.019), and DFA differed significantly between patients meeting or not the ATP III definition of MS (1.443 vs 1.399, respectively; P = 0.018). The DFA was not correlated with HbA1c. Depending on how it was calculated, the area under the log(Fn)∼log(n) curve correlated with HbA1c levels or the number of MS criteria. Conventional variability metrics (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions) did not differ between patients complying or not with the definition of MS.ConclusionsComplexity analysis is capable of detecting differences in variables related to the risk of developing T2DM and could be a useful tool to study the initial phases of glucoregulatory dysfunction leading to T2DM.
Potential avoidability of planned cesarean sections in a French national database
Authors: Coulm Benedicte , Blondel Beatrice , Alexander Sophie , Boulvain Michel , Le Ray Camille 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo study the frequency and determinants of potentially avoidable planned cesarean sections, with a classification based on their indications, maternal obstetric history, and information about the current pregnancy.DesignCross‐sectional population‐based study.SettingAll maternity units in France (n = 535).PopulationA total of 14 681 women from the 2010 French National Perinatal Survey, a routine survey of a representative sample of births.MethodsPlanned cesareans were classified in two groups: potentially avoidable and unavoidable. The classification was based on the French national guidelines and used data from medical records. We used logistic regression analyses to compare characteristics of the mothers with potentially avoidable cesareans with those of women who had a trial of labor. Analyses were performed separately in primiparas and multiparas.Main outcome measureRate of potentially avoidable planned cesarean sections.ResultsThe overall planned cesarean rate was 10.9%; 28% of these cesareans were found to be potentially avoidable. Breech presentation and history of one previous cesarean accounted for 83% of them. Determinants of potential avoidability were maternal age >35 years, intensive surveillance during pregnancy, and private status of the unit [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.2 among primiparas; adjusted OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.3 among multiparas]. Obesity was also a significant determinant but only among multiparas (adjusted OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–3.8). No association was found with maternal social characteristics.ConclusionOur results suggest a high proportion of potentially avoidable cesareans and highlight the associated obstetric situations. They can help to target policies aimed at reducing cesarean rates.
Birth experience of women conceiving with assisted reproduction: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Poikkeus Piia , Saisto Terhi , Punamaki Raija‐Leena , Unkila‐Kallio Leila , Flykt Marjo , Vilska Sirpa , Repokari Leena , Tulppala Maija , Tiitinen Aila 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how infertility and subsequent assisted reproductive treatment (ART) affect a woman's childbirth experience.DesignProspective multicenter case‐control study.SettingWe recruited women pregnant with a singleton fetus after either ART (n = 324) or spontaneous conception (n = 304) from five infertility clinics and one university maternity clinic in Finland.MethodsWe studied their childbirth experience with the Delivery Satisfaction Scale. We compared how psychosocial and obstetric factors affected satisfaction and dissatisfaction with childbirth between and within the ART and the control group. Logistic regression was then used to analyse the most important contributors to the experienced dissatisfaction.ResultsDissatisfaction with childbirth was as common in the ART group (11%) as in the control (10%) group. In the ART group, the women's education level, cesarean section (CS) and their partner's absence from the delivery were associated with dissatisfaction. In the control group, significant factors for dissatisfaction were nulliparity, severe pregnancy‐related anxiety, emergency CS, recalled intense pain and the partner's absence from the delivery. According to adjusted logistic regression analysis of the whole sample, the independent risk factors were elective CS [odds ratio (OR) 5.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–14.1] and emergency CS (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.3–6.5), recalled intense pain (OR 6.8; 95% CI 3.3–16.2) and the partner's absence from the delivery (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.1–7.3).ConclusionART is not a risk factor for dissatisfaction with childbirth by itself. However, the contributors to an unsatisfactory childbirth differ partly between women conceiving with ART and those conceiving spontaneously.
Arrhythmic substrate, slowed propagation and increased dispersion in conduction direction in the right ventricular outflow tract of murine Scn5a+/− hearts
Authors: Zhang Y. , Guzadhur L. , Jeevaratnam K. , Salvage S. C. , Matthews G. D. K. , Lammers W. J. , Lei M. , Huang C. L.‐H. , Fraser J. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo test a hypothesis attributing arrhythmia in Brugada Syndrome to right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (RVOT) conduction abnormalities arising from Nav1.5 insufficiency and fibrotic change.MethodsArrhythmic properties of Langendorff‐perfused Scn5a+/− and wild‐type mouse hearts were correlated with ventricular effective refractory periods (VERPs), multi‐electrode array (MEA) measurements of action potential (AP) conduction velocities and dispersions in conduction direction (CD), Nav1.5 expression levels, and fibrotic change, as measured at the RVOT and RV. Two‐way anova was used to test for both independent and interacting effects of anatomical region and genotype on these parameters.ResultsScn5a+/− hearts showed greater arrhythmic frequencies during programmed electrical stimulation at the RVOT but not the RV. The Scn5a+/− genotype caused an independent increase of VERP regardless of whether the recording site was the RVOT or RV. Effective AP conduction velocities (CV†s), derived from fitting regression planes to arrays of observed local activation times were reduced in Scn5a+/− hearts and at the RVOT independently. AP conduction velocity magnitudes derived by averaging MEA results from local vector analyses, CV*, were reduced by the Scn5a+/− genotype alone. In contrast, dispersions in conduction direction, were greater in the RVOT than the RV, when the atrioventricular node was used as the pacing site. The observed reductions in Nav1.5 expression were attributable to Scn5a+/−, whereas increased levels of fibrosis were associated with the RVOT.ConclusionsThe Scn5a+/− RVOT recapitulates clinical findings of increased arrhythmogenicity through reduced CV† reflecting reduced CV* attributable to reduced Nav1.5 expression and increased CD attributable to fibrosis.
Review article: the efficacy of biomarkers in chronic fibroproliferative diseases – early diagnosis and prognosis, with liver fibrosis as an exemplar
Authors: Karsdal M. A. , Krarup H. , Sand J. M. B. , Christensen P. B. , Gerstoft J. , Leeming D. J. , Weis N. , Schaffalitzky de Muckadell O. B. , Krag A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundNearly 45% of all deaths are associated with chronic fibroproliferative diseases, of which the primary characteristic is altered remodelling of the extracellular matrix. A major difficulty in developing anti‐fibrotic therapies is the lack of accurate and established techniques to estimate dynamics of fibrosis, regression or progression, in response to therapy.AimOne of the most pressing needs in modern clinical chemistry for fibroproliferative disorders is the development of biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and early efficacy for the benefit of patients and to facilitate improved drug development. The aim of this article was to review the serological biomarkers that may assist in early diagnosis of patients, separate fast from slow‐ or nonprogressors, and possibly assist in drug development for fibroproliferative diseases, exemplified by liver fibrosis. The lack of success of biochemical markers and the possible reasons for this is discussed in the context of other fields with biomarker success.MethodThis is a personal opinion review article.ResultsBiochemical markers, originating from the fibrotic structure, may have increased specificity and sensitivity for disease. Assessment of the tissue turnover balance by measurement of tissue formation and tissue degradation separately by novel technologies may provide value.ConclusionsNovel technologies focused on the protein fingerprint in addition to biomarker classification, may increase the quality of biomarker development and provide the much needed biomarkers to further the fibroproliferative field. This is in direct alignment with the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicinal Agencies initiatives of personal health care.
A five‐year follow‐up study of neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder
Authors: Santos José Luis , Aparicio Ana , Bagney Alexandra , Sánchez‐Morla Eva María , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Roberto , Mateo Jorge , Jiménez‐Arriero Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesCognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder has been well‐established in cross‐sectional studies; however, there are few data regarding the longitudinal course of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the course of cognitive function in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder during a five‐year follow‐up period.MethodsEighty euthymic outpatients with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder and 40 healthy control comparison subjects were neuropsychologically assessed at baseline (T1) and then at follow‐up of five years (T2). A neurocognitive battery including the main cognitive domains of speed of processing, working memory, attention, verbal memory, visual memory, and executive function was used to evaluate cognitive performance.ResultsRepeated‐measures multivariate analyses showed that progression of cognitive dysfunction in patients was not different to that of control subjects in any of the six cognitive domains examined. Only a measure from the verbal memory domain, delayed free recall, worsened more in patients with bipolar disorder. Additionally, it was found that clinical course during the follow‐up period did not influence the course of cognitive dysfunction.ConclusionsCognitive dysfunction that is characteristic of bipolar disorder is persistent and stable over time. Only dysfunction in verbal recall was found to show a progressive course that cannot be explained by clinical or treatment variables.
The Concept of Human Dignity in the Ethics of Genetic Research
Authors: Chan David K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDespite criticism that dignity is a vague and slippery concept, a number of international guidelines on bioethics have cautioned against research that is contrary to human dignity, with reference specifically to genetic technology. What is the connection between genetic research and human dignity? In this article, I investigate the concept of human dignity in its various historical forms, and examine its status as a moral concept. Unlike Kant's ideal concept of human dignity, the empirical or relational concept takes human dignity as something that is affected by one's circumstances and what others do. I argue that the dignity objection to some forms of genetic research rests on a view of human nature that gives humans a special status in nature – one that is threatened by the potential of genetic research to reduce individuals to their genetic endowment. I distinguish two main philosophical accounts of human nature. One of these, the Aristotelian view, is compatible with the use of genetic technology to help humans realize their inherent potential to a fuller extent.
Event sedimentation in low‐latitude deep‐water carbonate basins, Anegada passage, northeast Caribbean
Authors: Chaytor Jason D. , ten Brink Uri S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Virgin Islands and Whiting basins in the Northeast Caribbean are deep, structurally controlled depocentres partially bound by shallow‐water carbonate platforms. Closed basins such as these are thought to document earthquake and hurricane events through the accumulation of event layers such as debris flow and turbidity current deposits and the internal deformation of deposited material. Event layers in the Virgin Islands and Whiting basins are predominantly thin and discontinuous, containing varying amounts of reef‐ and slope‐derived material. Three turbidites/sandy intervals in the upper 2 m of sediment in the eastern Virgin Islands Basin were deposited between ca. 2000 and 13 600 years ago, but do not extend across the basin. In the central and western Virgin Islands Basin, a structureless clay‐rich interval is interpreted to be a unifite. Within the Whiting Basin, several discontinuous turbidites and other sand‐rich intervals are primarily deposited in base of slope fans. The youngest of these turbidites is ca. 2600 years old. Sediment accumulation in these basins is low (<0.1 mm year−1) for basin adjacent to carbonate platform, possibly due to limited sediment input during highstand sea‐level conditions, sediment trapping and/or cohesive basin walls. We find no evidence of recent sediment transport (turbidites or debris flows) or sediment deformation that can be attributed to the ca. M7.2 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake whose epicentre was located on the north wall of the Virgin Islands Basin or to recent hurricanes that have impacted the region. The lack of significant appreciable pebble or greater size carbonate material in any of the available cores suggests that submarine landslide and basin‐wide blocky debris flows have not been a significant mechanism of basin margin modification in the last several thousand years. Thus, basins such as those described here may be poor recorders of past natural hazards, but may provide a long‐term record of past oceanographic conditions in ocean passages.
Population‐based epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in an ageingEurope – theFrench register ofALSinLimousin (FRALim register)
Authors: Marin B. , Hamidou B. , Couratier P. , Nicol M. , Delzor A. , Raymondeau M. , Druet‐Cabanac M. , Lautrette G. , Boumediene F. , Preux P. M. ,   the French register of ALS in Limousin (FRALim)
Published: June 2014

Background and purposeThe main objective of establishing theFrench register of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in theLimousin region (FRALim), was to assess the incidence ofALS, in this ageing region ofEurope, over a 12‐year period (2000–2011).MethodsPatients were included if they lived inLimousin at the time of diagnosis ofALSaccording toElEscorial revised criteria and were identified by at least one of the following sources: (i) theFrench national body coordinatingALSreferral centres; (ii) public and private hospitals in the region; (iii) health insurance data related to long‐term diseases.ResultsTheFRALim register identified 279 incident cases (2000–2011). The crude andEuropean population standardized incidences ofALSwere as high as 3.19/100 000 person‐years of follow‐up (95%CI2.81–3.56) and 2.58/100 000 person‐years of follow‐up (95%CI2.27–2.89) respectively. Median age at onset was 70.8 years (interquartile range 63.1–77.1). The standardized sex incidence ratio (male/female) was 1.3 overall, but 1.1 under the age of 65 years, 1.7 between 65 and 75 years and 1.9 above 75 years. The exhaustiveness of the register has been estimated at 98.4% (95%CI95.6–99.4) by capture–recapture analysis.ConclusionIt was possible for the first time in France to monitor accurately the incidence ofALSover a long time period. It appears to be in the upper range of data reported in western countries. Patterns displayed here might anticipate the epidemiology ofALSin ageing western countries.
A study on the association between infectious burden and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bu X.‐L. , Yao X.‐Q. , Jiao S.‐S. , Zeng F. , Liu Y.‐H. , Xiang Y. , Liang C.‐R. , Wang Q.‐H. , Wang X. , Cao H.‐Y. , Yi X. , Deng B. , Liu C.‐H. , Xu J. , Zhang L.‐L. , Gao C.‐Y. , Xu Z.‐Q. , Zhang M. , Wang L. , Tan X.‐L. , Xu X. , Zhou H.‐D. , Wang Y.‐J. 
Published: June 2014

Background and purposePrevious studies suggested that the overall burden of prior infections contributes to cardiovascular diseases and stroke. In the present study, the association between infectious burden (IB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was examined.MethodsAntibody titers to common infectious pathogens including cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 128 AD patients and 135 healthy controls. IB was defined as a composite serological measure of exposure to these common pathogens.ResultsSeropositivities toward zero−two, three and four−five of these pathogens were found in 44%, 40% and 16% of healthy controls but in 20%, 44% and 36% of AD patients, respectively. IB, bacterial burden and viral burden were independently associated with AD after adjusting for age, gender, education, APOE genotype and various comorbidities. Mini‐Mental State Examination scores were negatively correlated with IB in all cases. Serum beta‐amyloid protein (Aβ) levels (i.e. Aβ40, Aβ42 and total Aβ) and inflammatory cytokines (i.e. interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6) in individuals exposed to four−five infectious pathogens were significantly higher than those exposed to zero−two or three pathogens.ConclusionsIB consisting of CMV, HSV‐1, B. burgdorferi, C. pneumoniae and H. pylori is associated with AD. This study supports the role of infection/inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of AD.