bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model constraints on infiltration of surface-derived fluids deep into the brittle crust
Authors: Simpson Guy 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
Downward flow of surface-derived water deep into the upper crust is investigated using 2-D coupled hydrothermal numerical models. In the models, downward flow is driven by either topographic gradients or seismic pumping, while it is facilitated by large episodic variations in fault permeability, intended to mimic fracturing and healing on a fault over repeated seismic cycles. The models show that both forcing scenarios are equally capable of driving surface-derived fluid to the base of faults at 10 km depth in several tens of thousands of years under certain conditions. Downward flow of cold fluid occurs almost exclusively during and shortly after earthquakes, while during the remaining portion of the seismic cycle fluids remain relatively stationary while they undergo thermal relaxation (i.e. heating). Rapid downward flow is favoured by a large coseismic permeability, long permeability healing timescale and large coseismic dilatancy or high topographic relief above the fault at the surface. However, downward fluid flow is completely inhibited if fluid pressures exceeds the hydrostatic gradient, even by modest amounts, which suggests that deep fluid infiltration is unlikely to occur in every region.
Reliability of the palaeomagnetic signal recorded in a lava flow erupted on 4 December 2021 in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Authors: Calvo-Rathert Manuel , Vernet Eva , Parés Josep M , Soler Vicente , Sánchez-Moreno Elisa-María , Bógalo María-Felicidad , Carrancho Ángel , Yamamoto Yuhji , Rodríguez-Méndez Lidia 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
A basaltic lava flow erupted from the Tajogaite volcano on 4 December 2021, in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) was sampled to find out to what extent reliable and correct information on both intensity and direction of the Earth's magnetic field can be obtained from the palaeomagnetic signal recorded in a lava flow which erupted under known conditions. Samples were taken every few centimetres across a flow up to a total of 27 oriented cores. Palaeomagnetic experiments showed a strong viscous overprint in many samples. Nevertheless, the mean palaeomagnetic direction obtained agrees well with the actual value from IGRF-13. Rock magnetic experiments were performed to obtain additional information about the quality and reliability of the results and the reasons for unsuccessful determinations. Analysis of mostly irreversible thermomagnetic curves showed that the carriers of remanence were magnetite and titanomagnetite of low and/or intermediate Curie-temperature. Hysteresis parameter ratios showed a pronounced variability across the flow. Analyses of frequency dependent susceptibility, IRM acquisition coercivity spectra and FORCs showed a noticeably presence of very low coercivity grains (multidomain and superparamagnetic-single domain boundary). Multimethod palaeointensity experiments were performed with the Thellier-Coe, multispecimen and Tsunakawa-Shaw methods. Only three of 25 cores from the flow yielded successful Thellier-Coe determinations, in agreement with the expected field value of 38.7 μT (IGRF-13). However, palaeointensities of 60 per cent of the specimens agree with the expected value performing an informal analysis without considering criteria thresholds. Four of six Tsunakawa-Shaw determinations performed on samples from the flow yielded correct results, but three multispecimen determinations providing apparently successful determinations largely underestimate the expected field intensity. Combination of three Thellier-Coe and four Tsunakawa-Shaw successful determinations yields a multimethod palaeointensity result B = (36.9 ± 2.0) μT in good agreement with the expected field intensity.
Estimating spatio-temporal variable parameters of Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model in a region with limited seismic network coverage: a case study of the East African Rift System
Authors: Bantidi Thystere Matondo , Ishibe Takeo , Tuluka Georges Mavonga , Enescu Bogdan 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
The Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model is currently the most powerful statistical seismicity model that reproduces the general characteristics of earthquake clustering in space and time. However, its application can be hampered by biased parameter estimations related to earthquake catalogue deficiencies, particularly in regions where the spatial coverage of local recording networks is relatively poor. Here, we systematically investigate the possible influences of the effect introduced by data truncation through the choice of the cut-off magnitude (${{m}_{\rm cut}})$ and missing events due to heterogeneity of the seismic network on ETAS parameter estimates along the East African Rift System (EARS). After dividing the region into six source zones based on rheological and mechanical behaviours, the ETAS model is fitted to the earthquakes within each zone using the Davidon–Fletcher–Powell optimization algorithm. The fits and variations in parameter estimates are compared for each zone to the others and the seismological implications are discussed. We found that some parameters vary as a function of ${{m}_{\rm cut}}$ primarily driven by changes in catalogue size. Additionally, a systematic regional dependency of ETAS parameters is found across source zones. Furthermore, a median heat flow value for each analysed source zone in the EARS is calculated. In contrast to previous findings in other tectonic settings, the results reveal no significant correlations between the crustal heat flows and the ETAS parameters describing earthquake productivity (${{K}_0}$) and the relative efficiency of an earthquake with magnitude M to produce aftershocks ($\alpha $). Our findings have significant implications for understanding the mechanisms of earthquake interaction and, therefore, provide tight constraints on the model's parameters that may serve as a testbed for existing earthquake forecasting models in this region where the vulnerability of local buildings and structures exacerbate seismic risk.
2’ Life-changing minutes: impact evaluation of a novel health promotion format on cancer prevention
Authors: Ribeiro Nuno , Carvalho Luís , Oliveira Pedro , Marcos Nuno T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important societal challenges in the world, with over 23 million new cases/year and 10 million deaths/year, that will only be properly tackled with a stronger focus on prevention. This calls for an informed population, aware of risk factors and willing to adopt preventive behaviors and early cancer screenings. For that purpose, 2’ Life-changing minutes was created, the first ever televised Entertainment-Education series on cancer prevention. This study aims to evaluate the impact of 2’ Life-changing minutes, a novel E-E format for cancer prevention, on knowledge gains and behavior changes. Two complementary studies were performed involving a total of 1314 participants: a test-screening (TS) study targeting potential viewers of the series, and a natural-screening (NS) study targeting those that spontaneously watched the series on television. We found (i) very high levels of appreciation and narrative engagement, and also willingness to see more episodes; (ii) statistically significant knowledge gains, ranging from 17% to 44%, on all four topics tested; (iii) evidence of effective behavior change. Regression analysis showed that narrative engagement was the best predictor of behavior change [NS: odds ratio (OR) = 3.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.70–6.74, p = 0.001; TS: OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.13–0.371, p = 0.018]. This study demonstrates the series’ real impact and serves as a proof-of-concept for a novel strategy of cancer prevention that is based around compelling health narratives, rather than information or data, to engage viewers, increase knowledge and induce behavior change.
Finite element analysis of a generalized Robin boundary value problem in curved domains based on the extension approach
Authors: Kashiwabara Takahito 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A theoretical analysis of the finite element method for a generalized Robin boundary value problem, which involves a second-order differential operator on the boundary, is presented. If $\varOmega $ is a general smooth domain with a curved boundary, we need to introduce an approximate domain $\varOmega _{h}$ and to address issues owing to the domain perturbation $\varOmega \neq \varOmega _{h}$. In contrast to the lift approach used in existing studies, we employ the extension approach, which need not assume that boundary nodes of $\partial \varOmega _{h}$ lie exactly on $\partial \varOmega $. Assuming that approximate domains and function spaces are given by isoparametric finite elements of order $k$, we prove the optimal rate of convergence in the $H^{1}$- and $L^{2}$-norms. A numerical example is given for the piecewise linear case $k = 1$.
P03 An evaluation of Antibiotic Champions events in GP practices in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Integrated Care System
Authors: Patel J , Ransom S , Bennet C , Culloty S , Micallef C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In 2022, all GP practices in the area were asked to nominate an Antibiotic Champion for each practice. These Antibiotic Champions were then asked to write actions plans for their antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives and invited to quarterly virtual educational meetings: Antibiotic Champion events. The first event was launched on 2 November 2022.

Objectives
We sought to understand whether Antibiotic Champions attending the Antibiotic Champions events were finding these events useful to their practice and whether they wanted additional support to deliver their antibiotic prescribing targets.

Methods
Following the 8 November 2023 Antibiotic Champion event, we disseminated electronic evaluation forms, using MS Forms to all attendees via the Training Hub which arranges the logistics for the virtual meetings. This e-survey was available from 8 February to 3 December 2023 and regular reminders were sent by the Training Hub.

Results
From 68 participants, 21 responded (30.1% response rate). A total of 66.7% (14/21) identified as medical doctors with 28.6% (6/21) declaring that they were pharmacists and 5% (1/21) advanced clinical practitioners. There was no representation from the nursing or pharmacy technician professions. In all, 90.5% (19/21) declared that they were prescribers and 76% (16/21) prescribed antimicrobials in their roles. The majority of respondents—71.4% (15/21)—had been in the NHS for &gt;10 years. Figure 1 portrays the feedback from respondents on further support needed to deliver AMS metrics whilst Figure 2 delineates respondent satisfaction for the Antibiotic Champion event meetings. Finally, Figure 3 outlines AMS activities in GP practices. In November 2022, the national primary care metrics for total antibiotic prescribing (0.871) and broad-spectrum antibiotic (10%) were not being achieved locally but national ePACT data issued in November 2023 highlighted that the broad-spectrum metric was now being achieved (9.92%).

Conclusions
This study presents an easy, cost-effective way of engaging with healthcare professionals in GP practices, over a large and varied geographical area, on antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. We suggest that these events may have helped support GP practices to deliver their AMS targets.
P12 Clinical perceptions of the need for anaerobic coverage in patients treated for aspiration pneumonia (AP)
Authors: Dewar Simon , Lee Natalie , Antonenka Uladzimir , Botsani Tamanna , Brown Maya , Khoja Omar , Lam Angel Sin Yu , Lawson Harry , Shetty Chirag , Vijendren Natasha , Yung Lok Yiu (Charlotte) , Zilles Lucia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In 2023, the British Thoracic Society (BTS) published a clinical statement on management of patients with aspiration pneumonia (AP). As part of the recommendations, it was highlighted that routine anti-anaerobic coverage is not required for patients treated for AP, except in specific clinical circumstances. However, hospital inpatients treated for AP are frequently antimicrobial regimens that include metronidazole.

Objectives
This small study aimed to garner the perceptions of prescribing clinicians regarding antimicrobial prescribing for AP.

Methods
A questionnaire was devised, consisting of seven questions based on a Likert scale (1=strongly agree, 5=strongly disagree), and the option to provide additional qualitative comments. This was distributed to healthcare professionals at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh in February 2024. Specialties targeted were Medicine of the Elderly, General Medicine and Respiratory Medicine. Eighteen responses were returned, with 50% of responders being Foundation grade doctors.

Results
Monotherapies for AP were generally disfavoured by respondents, although there was more confidence in using co-trimoxazole monotherapy over either amoxicillin or doxycycline. However, there was no clear consensus about the need for metronidazole as part of treatment regimens. This was supported by the qualitative statements made by respondents. Only 38% of respondents felt that AP did not require initiation of antimicrobials in all circumstances. Additional comments from respondents also offered insights into specialty-specific decision-making. There was a particular preference amongst doctors working in Medicine of the Elderly for using metronidazole co-therapy in treatment of AP, in part due to perceived severity of infection in their patient population. 87% of respondents reported that they use NHS Lothian’s antimicrobial companion app to support their prescribing decisions. This app has the potential to be utilized as an educational tool for junior doctors with regards to antimicrobial prescribing.

Conclusions
This small study highlights that there is still the perception that metronidazole is required in treatment of AP, and that monotherapy is generally disfavoured by prescribing clinicians. Further work in this area could include targeted quality improvement projects and education in the areas most likely to treat patients with AP.
P36 Improving AMS programmes for paediatric services via a shared post working collaboratively across five hospital trusts within South Yorkshire
Authors: Fuller Charlotte , Leavesley Neil , Joslin Fran , Shackley Fiona , Hinds Lucy , Kerrison Caroline 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Methods
This project is run by a paediatric AMS leadership fellow, funded 50% by NHS England and 50% by South Yorkshire ICS, as an out of training programme experience (OOPE) through the Future Leaders Programme. This 12 month post allocates 0.3 FTE to embedding AMS principles and practices into the routine care of children accessing Barnsley, Chesterfield, Doncaster, Sheffield and Rotherham hospital trusts. A service evaluation was first undertaken to identify compliance of hospital AMS programmes with national and international guidance, followed by network formation of 32 healthcare professionals across the South Yorkshire region, including paediatricians, microbiologists and pharmacists. A regional antimicrobial prescribing monitoring and feedback system was launched, providing bi-monthly central analysis and reporting of individual trust and regional data, enabling trusts to meet monitoring requirements with only data collection as local time spent. A standardized regional education programme has been designed, with the curriculum agreed across the network. Focusing on attitudes towards responsibility, AMS principles and human factors in prescribing, this has been delivered face-to-face to paediatric prescribers in each hospital, with pre- and post-session confidence scoring in four domains.

Results
Baseline service evaluation revealed inconsistencies in AMS programmes between trusts, with only 53% of quality indicators fully met in paediatric services, compared with 73% in adults. The predominant reason reported for suboptimal compliance was staff shortages within hospital AMS teams. Since project inception (8 months), quality indicator compliance within paediatric services across South Yorkshire has increased from 53% to 65%, closing the gap between adult and paediatric AMS support. Three rounds of antimicrobial prescribing data have been collected. For prescriber confidence, the challenging prescriptions domain scored lowest. The regional education programme has increased overall prescriber confidence scores from 71.3% to 89%. Further regional AMS interventions, facilitated by the collaborative network, are in progress including regional audits and a regional antibiotic guideline.

Conclusions
Forming an AMS-focused regional collaborative network has increased awareness of services and barriers across the region, allowed for coordinated interventions familiar to rotating trainees, and facilitated the sharing of resources and learning. This approach has reduced the workload of local AMS teams by addressing the barrier of staff shortages, alongside increasing coverage of AMS programmes to paediatric services. ICBs across the UK could choose to fund similar posts dedicated to the co-ordination of AMS programmes across regions, maximizing efficiency in a climate of ongoing workforce challenges.
The reimplantation of anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery under lower mini-sternotomy
Authors: Maekawa Koki , Yamanaka Shota , Onga Yohe , Takahashi Shu , Kanamori Taro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The patient was 28-year-old male. He was suffered from chest pain at rest. He was diagnosed with AAORCA (anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery) by emergency catheter. Myocardial scintigraphy indicated ischemic changes in the right coronary artery region, so surgery was the plan. Reimplantation was selected because the coronary artery computed tomography showed little intramural travel and mild coronary artery stenosis. The surgery was performed under lower mini-sternotomy to facilitate early return to work. The patient had a good postoperative course, and was discharged from the hospital postoperative Day 11 after rehabilitation. We report a case of the right coronary artery reimplantation with lower mini-sternotomy for AAORCA.
Photosynthesis and photoprotection in top leaves respond faster to irradiance fluctuations than bottom leaves in a tomato canopy
Authors: Shao Bingjie , Zhang Yuqi , Vincenzi Elena , Berman Sarah , Vialet-Chabrand Silvere , Marcelis Leo F M , Li Tao , Kaiser Elias 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Accounting for the dynamic responses of photosynthesis and photoprotection to naturally fluctuating irradiance can improve predictions of plant performance in the field, but the variation of these dynamics within crop canopies is poorly understood. We conducted a detailed study of dynamic and steady-state photosynthesis, photoprotection, leaf pigmentation, and stomatal anatomy in four leaf layers (100, 150, 200, and 250 cm from the floor) of a fully grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Foundation) canopy in a greenhouse. We found that leaves at the top of the canopy exhibited higher photosynthetic capacity and slightly faster photosynthetic induction compared with lower-canopy leaves, accompanied by higher stomatal conductance and a faster activation of carboxylation and linear electron transport capacities. In upper-canopy leaves, non-photochemical quenching showed faster induction and relaxation after increases and decreases in irradiance, allowing for more effective photoprotection in these leaves. Despite these observed differences in transient responses between leaf layers, steady-state rather than dynamic photosynthesis traits were more influential for predicting photosynthesis under fluctuating irradiance. Also, a model analysis revealed that time-averaged photosynthesis under fluctuating irradiance could be accurately predicted by one set of Rubisco activation/deactivation parameters across all four leaf layers, thereby greatly simplifying future modelling efforts of whole-canopy photosynthesis.
Anticipatory declarations in obstetric care: a relational and spatial examination of patient empowerment, institutional impacts and temporal challenges
Authors: Hulme Aimee V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Seeking an anticipatory declaration from the Court of Protection (CoP) to manage a risk of future loss of capacity in pregnant people during labour and delivery appears to be occurring more frequently. This article examines a growing case sample of recent CoP judgments in which anticipatory declarations have been sought and adopts a combined relational and spatial approach to question whether these types of anticipatory declarations empower patient autonomous choice, and to illuminate the complex web of relational, spatial, and temporal factors that hold influence over the way in which mental capacity law operates. Viewing such processes from both a patient and institutional perspective offers useful insights into the law’s normative workings, boundaries, and constraints, and ultimately points to conclusions on the (in)effectiveness of anticipatory declarations as a legal mechanism for dealing with the risk of a patient losing capacity in the future. Moreover, however, taking a broader, spatial view signals the challenges posed by these cases to mental capacity legislation itself. The justifiability of the binary construct of capacity/incapacity has been challenged by some writers in this field, and this article offers further reflection on the integrity of this binary through its discussion of anticipatory orders for pregnant people.
Molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes and Candida isolates in superficial fungal infections at a grade A tertiary hospital in Northern China
Authors: Zhang Ruijun , Song Ziping , Su Xiaorui , Li Ting , Xu Juan , He Xiao , Yang Yuanwen , Chang Bingmei , Kang Yuying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study analyzed the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of superficial fungal infections in 295 cases from 2019 to 2020 at a dermatology clinic. Dermatophytes were the predominant pathogens (69.5%), including Trichophytonrubrum, T. interdigitale, Microsporum canis, et al., followed by Candida spp. (29.5%), including Candidaalbicans, Ca. parapsilosis, and Ca. glabrata. The most common infections were onychomycosis (36.3%), tinea cruris (30.5%), and tinea corporis (18.6%). The distribution of SFI types showed variations based on gender, age, and season. Common antifungal agents, including terbinafine, voriconazole, ciclopiroxamine, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole have exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations against dermatophytes, especially terbinafine, which has been potent against superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes in the local area. Candida spp. strains were generally susceptible or classified as wild-type to 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B, with 92.0% being wild-type for itraconazole. However, resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole was observed in a small percentage of Ca. albicans and Ca. parapsilosis strains. The emergence of drug-resistant Candida underscores the importance of prudent antifungal use and continuous surveillance.