bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic management of isolated partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Marino Martina , Lalli Alberto , Bandini Benedetta , Giannarelli Diana , Ruiz Ibán Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive review on the surgical outcomes following arthroscopic treatments of partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears (PT‐RCTs) and to compare the postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score following in situ transtendon repair and tear completion, followed by repair.MethodsMedline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL and CENTRAL bibliographic databases were searched. Papers including patients with PT‐RCTs of any grade who underwent treatment using debridement, in situ transtendon repair, tear completion and repair or bioinductive collagen implants were reviewed. Primary PT‐RCTs were the sole indication for surgery. Primary postoperative outcomes assessed included the ASES score, the Absolute Constant–Murley score, the Simple Shoulder Test, the Visual Analogue Scale, the University of California‐Los Angeles Shoulder Scale, the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Score, range of motion, complications and revisions. A meta‐analysis of comparative studies compared the postoperative ASES score between patients treated with in situ transtendon repair versus tear completion repair.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies were included. The ASES score was reported by four comparative studies with contrasting results. The heterogeneity was high (I2 = 86%), and effect sizes ranged from −0.49 in favour of the tear completion and repair technique to an effect size of +1.07 favouring in situ transtendon repair. The overall effect size of 0.02 suggests an equivalence between the two techniques in terms of the ASES score. Two studies with a total sample size of 111 patients reported on debridement, and four studies with a total sample size of 155 patients reported on bioinductive collagen implants.ConclusionDebridement alone is suitable for Ellman grades I‐II PT‐RCTs. In situ transtendon and tear completion repair techniques yield similar postoperative outcomes. Bioinductive collagen implants hold promise but lack long‐term efficacy data. High‐quality comparative studies are needed to determine the best treatment for PT‐RCTs.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Evaluating the effect of the actual eroded badland area on the estimate of eroded volume in Italiancalanchi areas
Authors: Guida Gaetano , Nicosia Alessio , Palmeri Vincenzo , Ferro Vito 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccording to the available literature, the morphometric characteristics of badland basins (e.g., area of the badland drainage basin, A, and actual eroded badland area, AE) can be used for deducing an empirical model able to predict the eroded volume, V. The main aim of this investigation is to implement a model to estimate the volume of eroded sediments, which uses widely applied morphological indices. This model, deduced by applying dimensional analysis and self‐similarity theory, was calibrated and verified using the badland morphometric characteristics of five datasets (four available in the literature and one presented in this investigation). The results showed that the estimate of the eroded volume is reliable only for the data characterized by V/A values higher than a threshold (0.1 m) corresponding to the vertical resolution of the investigated digital terrain models (DTMs). For considering that the actual eroded badland area AE can be different from the respective drainage area A, as badland erosion induces a headward extension, the model for estimating the eroded volume was calibrated by differentiating between partially (AE/A < 1) and totally (AE/A = 1) eroded badland basins. The analysis highlighted that the actual eroded badland area, which is the area that more contributes to the active erosion process, remarkably influences the estimate of V, and the inclusion of the ratio AE/A in the model is useful to improve this estimate. The estimate of the eroded sediment volume from calanchi areas has a scientific and practical relevance as the high erosion rates of small badland areas can disproportionately contribute to the basin‐scale sediment budget.
Successful plant growth in acid mine drainage‐impacted soil using pot‐based experiments with waste amendments
Authors: Fernández‐Landero Sandra , Fernández‐Caliani Juan Carlos , Giráldez María Inmaculada , Hidalgo Pablo J. , Morales Emilio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenge of remediating soil impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) using an innovative and sustainable Technosol‐based approach to stabilize soil and facilitate vegetation recovery. The study assessed the effectiveness of Technosols made from recycled organic (water clarification sludge) and inorganic (siderurgical slags and red gypsum) wastes in mitigating the detrimental effects of AMD on soil properties, pore water chemistry, and plant growth through a 4‐month pot experiment. Technosols significantly improved soil health by neutralizing net acidity (296 mmol H+ kg−1), raising pH levels from extremely acidic (3.3) to mildly alkaline (7.7–8.0), and limiting the mobility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Dissolved Cu and Zn concentrations dropped from 80.21 and 72.08 mg L−1, respectively, to below 1 mg L−1 by the end of the monitoring period. The experiment identified several concomitant mechanisms of PTE retention, such as decreased dissolution of metal‐bearing minerals, precipitation reactions and adsorption onto Fe and Al (oxy)hydroxides. Aqueous speciation modelling indicated a decline in toxic metal forms (e.g. Al3+, AlSO4+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and H2AsO4−) in soil pore water after treatment, thus reducing phytotoxicity. Additionally, waste amendments enhanced nutrient availability, with nitrate concentrations reaching up to 417 mg L−1, supporting seed germination and seedling establishment. The most effective Technosol, combining water treatment sludge and white steel slag (60:40 w/w), enabled robust growth of Brassica juncea. Principal component analysis showed a strong correlation between healthy plant responses (survival rate, plant height, leaf number, biomass production) and improved soil pore water parameters (pH, PTEs, aluminium, calcium, bicarbonate and nitrate ions), highlighting the benefits of waste amendments. These findings underscore the potential of waste‐derived Technosols in stabilizing AMD‐impacted soils and promoting thriving plant growth. However, further validation in field trials with diverse plant species is recommended for real‐world applications.
High‐Speed High‐Resolution Transport of Intensity Diffraction Tomography with Bi‐Plane Parallel Detection
Authors: Zhou Ning , Zhang Runnan , Xu Weisheng , Zhu Ruizhi , Tang Hanci , Zhou Xiao , Sun Jiasong , Gao Peng , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA novel high‐speed, high‐resolution 3D microscopy technique named BP‐TIDT is presented that quantifies the refractive index (RI) distribution of label‐free, transparent samples. This method combines a bi‐plane detection scheme (BP) with the transport of intensity diffraction tomography (TIDT), effectively circumventing the need for matched illumination conditions under high numerical aperture (NA) objectives, which enables 15 fps volume rates and 326 nm lateral resolution. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach are validated through high‐resolution imaging of polystyrene microspheres and HepG2 cells. Moreover, the wide‐ranging applicability of BP‐TIDT is demonstrated by investigating subcellular organelle motion, including mitochondria and lipid droplets, as well as the macroscopic apoptosis process in living COS‐7 cells. To the best of current knowledge, this is the first time that high spatial‐temporal resolution dynamic ODT results are obtained in a non‐interferometric and motion‐free manner, highlighting the potential of BP‐TIDT in advancing research on dynamic cellular processes.
New characterization of weighted inequalities involving superposition of Hardy integral operators
Authors: Gogatishvili Amiran , Ünver Tuğçe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLet and . We characterize the validity of the inequality for the composition of the Hardy operator,
for all non‐negative measurable functions on , . We construct a more straightforward discretization method than those previously presented in the literature, and we provide some new scales of weight characterizations of this inequality in both discrete and continuous forms and we obtain previous characterizations as the special case of the parameter.
Airway epithelial‐derived exosomes induce acute asthma exacerbation after respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Yao Ye , Yang Yu , Ji Ming , Qin Qingwu , Xu Kun , Xia Zhenkun , Liu Huijun , Yuan Lin , Yuan Yunchang , Qin Ling , Du Xizi , Wang Leyuan , Zhou Kai , Wu Xinyu , Wang Weijie , Qing Bei , Xiang Yang , Qu Xiangping , Yang Ming , Qin Xiaoqun , Liu Chi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcute asthma exacerbation refers to the progressive deterioration of asthma symptoms that is always triggered by virus infection represented by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After RSV infection, exaggerated Th2‐mediated pulmonary inflammation is the critical pathological response of asthmatic patients with acute exacerbation. Significantly, airway epithelial cells, being the primary targets of RSV infection, play a crucial role in controlling the pulmonary inflammatory response by releasing airway epithelial cell‐derived exosomes (AEC‐Exos), which potentially influence the development of asthma. However, the specific role of AEC‐Exos in acute asthma exacerbation after RSV infection remains obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the distinct function of AEC‐Exos in exacerbating acute asthma following RSV infection. Blockade of exosomes by GW reduce the enhanced pulmonary inflammation significantly. Specifically, the enhanced Th2 inflammation was induced by AEC‐Exos thorough transportation of hsa‐miR‐155‐5p–Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway during acute asthma exacerbation. Targeted inhibition of hsa‐miR‐155‐5p blocks the exaggerated Th2 inflammation effectively in mice with acute asthma exacerbation. In summary, our study showed that during acute asthma exacerbation after RSV infection, AEC‐Exos promote the enhanced Th2 inflammation through transportation of increased hsa‐miR‐155‐5p, which was mediated partly through SIRT1‐mediated pathway. hsa‐miR‐155‐5p is a potential biomarker for early prediction of acute asthma exacerbation.
Recent Advances on Sex Hormone‐Binding Globulin Regulation by Nutritional Factors: Clinical Implications
Authors: Brianso‐Llort Laura , Saéz‐Lopez Cristina , Alvarez‐Guaita Anna , Ramos‐Perez Lorena , Hernandez Cristina , Simó Rafael , Selva David M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein produced by the human liver and secreted into the systemic circulation where it binds with high affinity sex steroids regulating their availability in blood and accessibility to target tissues. Plasma SHBG levels are altered in metabolic disorders such as obesity, anorexia, and insulin resistance. Several reports have shown that diets in terms of total calories or fat, fiber, or protein content can alter plasma SHBG levels. However, there are many components in a diet that can affect SHBG gene expression in the liver. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which diets regulate SHBG production, it would be necessary to analyze single diet components and/or nutritional factors. This review summarizes the recent advances in identifying different nutritional factors regulating SHBG production and the related molecular mechanism, as well as the clinical implications.
Cannabidiol (CBD) Inhibits Foam Cell Formation via Regulating Cholesterol Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: He Mengxue , Shi Jiachen , Xu Yong‐Jiang , Liu Yuanfa 
Published: June 2024

ScopeThe cannabidiol (CBD) in hemp oil has important pharmacological activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that CBD is beneficial in the cardiovascular system and has been applied as a health supplement for atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism remains unclear.Methods and resultsThis study investigates the impact of CBD on foam cell formation, cholesterol homeostasis, and lipid metabolism in macrophages. CBD elevates the levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its associated targets, such as ATP binding transporter A1/G1 (ABCA1/ABCG1), thus reducing foam cell formation, and increasing cholesterol efflux within macrophages. Notably, the upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression induced by CBD is found to be attenuated by both a PPARγ inhibitor and PPARγ small interfering RNA (siRNA). Moreover, transfection of PPARγ siRNA results in a decrease in the inhibitory effect of CBD on foam cell formation and promotion of cholesterol efflux. Through lipidomics analysis, the study finds that CBD significantly reverses the enhancement of ceramide (Cer). Correlation analysis indicates a negative association between Cer level and the expression of ABCA1/ABCG1.ConclusionThis study confirms that CBD can be an effective therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis treatment by activating PPARγ, up‐regulating ABCA1/ABCG1 expression, and down‐regulating Cer level.
Paradoxical thinning of the diaphragm on ultrasound is a risk factor for requiring non‐invasive ventilation in patients with neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction
Authors: Boon Andrea J. , Meiling James B. , Luetmer Marianne T. , Klein Christopher J. , Sorenson Eric J. , Harper C. Michel , Beecher Grayson 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPoint‐of‐care ultrasound of the diaphragm is highly sensitive and specific in the detection of neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction. In some patients with neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction, paradoxical thinning of the diaphragm during inspiration is observed on ultrasound; however, its frequency, electrodiagnostic associations, and prognostic significance remain uncertain.MethodsMedical records of patients presenting to two electrodiagnostic laboratories (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta) from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, for evaluation of suspected neuromuscular respiratory failure, were reviewed.Results214 patients were referred and 19 patients excluded due to incomplete information. Of 195 patients (384 hemidiaphragms), 104 had phrenic neuropathy, 12 had myopathy, and 79 had no evidence of neuromuscular disease affecting the diaphragm. Paradoxical thinning occurred in 31 (27%) patients with neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction and was unilateral in 30, the majority (83%) having normal contralateral ultrasound. Phrenic nerve conduction studies and diaphragm electromyography results did not distinguish patients with paradoxical thinning versus without. Most patients (71%) with paradoxical thinning required non‐invasive ventilation (NIV), including 16 with unilateral paradoxical thinning. Paradoxical thinning and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were risk factors for requiring NIV in multivariable logistic regression analysis, with odds ratios of 2.887 (95% CI:1.166, 7.151) and 2.561 (95% CI: 1.186, 5.532), respectively.DiscussionParadoxical thinning of the diaphragm occurs in patients with prominent neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction, most commonly from phrenic neuropathy, and is a significant risk factor for requiring NIV. Unilateral paradoxical thinning is sufficient for needing NIV. BMI ≥30 kg/m2 additionally increases risk of requiring NIV in patients with neuromuscular diaphragmatic dysfunction.
Elastoplastic damage model and numerical implementation of nano‐silica incorporated concrete
Authors: Man Xiaoyan , Xu Aiqing , Ju J. Woody 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn energy‐based isotropic elastoplastic damage model is developed for investigating the elastoplastic damage responses and stress–strain relationships of nano‐silica incorporated concrete. The formulation employs a multiscale micromechanical framework to determine the effective elastic properties of composites at different scales. The stress–strain constitutive relation is derived by splitting the strain tensor into “elastic‐damage” and “plastic‐damage” parts while introducing the homogenized free potential energy function and the undamaged potential energy function. The elastoplastic damage response of the material is further characterized by elastic–plastic‐damage coupling. To construct realistic 3D three‐phase concrete mesostructures in numerical simulations, this paper introduces an encapsulation placement method that avoids particle overlap checking when placing aggregates. This methodology allows adjustments for the aggregate compactness as needed and enhances computational efficiency in concrete mesostructure construction. The numerical results of the modeling show good agreement with the experimental values in the open literature. Further, the influence of nano‐silica addition contents and ITZ (interfacial transition zone) thicknesses on the elastoplastic damage response of nano‐silica incorporated concrete are quantitatively and qualitatively investigated for the optimization of nano‐silica incorporated cementitious composites. The proposed model facilitates simulating and optimizing the mechanical characteristics of nano‐silica incorporated concrete and enhances the computational efficiency of 3D concrete modeling with the introduced encapsulation placement method.
A diffusive‐discrete crack transition scheme for ductile fracture at finite strain
Authors: Han Jike , Shintaku Yuichi , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis study presents a diffusive‐discrete crack transition scheme for stably conducting ductile fracture simulations within a finite strain framework. In the developed scheme, the crack initiation and propagation processes are determined according to an energy minimization problem based on crack phase‐field theory, and the predicted diffusive path is transformed to a discrete representation using the finite cover method during the staggered iterative scheme. In particular, for stably conducting ductile fracture simulations, three computational techniques, the staggered iterative configuration update technique, the subincremental damage update technique, and the crack opening stabilization technique, are introduced. The first and second techniques can be used regardless of whether discrete cracks are considered, and the third technique is specialized for diffusive‐discrete crack transition schemes. Accordingly, ductile fracture simulations with the developed scheme rarely encounter troublesome problems such as oscillations in the displacement field and severe distortion of finite elements that can lead to divergence of calculations. After the crack phase‐field model for ductile fractures is formulated and discretized, the numerical algorithms for realizing the diffusive‐discrete crack transition while maintaining computational stability are explained. Several representative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and capabilities of the developed approach.
Neurophysiological profiles of patients with bipolar disorders as probed with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A systematic review
Authors: Taniguchi Keita , Kaneko Naotsugu , Wada Masataka , Moriyama Sotaro , Nakajima Shinichiro , Mimura Masaru , Noda Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimBipolar disorder (BD) has a significant impact on global health, yet its neurophysiological basis remains poorly understood. Conventional treatments have limitations, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the neurophysiology of BD for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic strategies.DesignEmploying a systematic review approach of the PRISMA guidelines, this study assessed the usefulness and validity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiology in patients with BD.MethodsDatabases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, covering studies from January 1985 to January 2024.ResultsOut of 6597 articles screened, nine studies met the inclusion criteria, providing neurophysiological insights into the pathophysiological basis of BD using TMS–electromyography and TMS–electroencephalography methods. Findings revealed significant neurophysiological impairments in patients with BD compared to healthy controls, specifically in cortical inhibition and excitability. In particular, short‐interval cortical inhibition (SICI) was consistently diminished in BD across the studies, which suggests a fundamental impairment of cortical inhibitory function in BD. This systematic review corroborates the potential utility of TMS neurophysiology in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of BD. Specifically, the reduced cortical inhibition in the SICI paradigm observed in patients with BD suggests gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐A receptor‐mediated dysfunction, but results from other TMS paradigms have been inconsistent. Thus, complex neurophysiological processes may be involved in the pathological basis underlying BD. This study demonstrated that BD has a neural basis involving impaired GABAergic function, and it is highly expected that further research on TMS neurophysiology will further elucidate the pathophysiological basis of BD.
Minimizers for the de Gennes–Cahn–Hilliard energy under strong anchoring conditions
Authors: Dai Shibin , Ramadan Abba 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we use the Nehari manifold and the eigenvalue problem for the negative Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary condition to analytically study the minimizers for the de Gennes–Cahn–Hilliard energy with quartic double‐well potential and Dirichlet boundary condition on the bounded domain. Our analysis reveals a bifurcation phenomenon determined by the boundary value and a bifurcation parameter that describes the thickness of the transition layer that segregates the binary mixture's two phases. Specifically, when the boundary value aligns precisely with the average of the pure phases, and the bifurcation parameter surpasses or equals a critical threshold, the minimizer assumes a unique form, representing the homogeneous state. Conversely, when the bifurcation parameter falls below this critical value, two symmetric minimizers emerge. Should the boundary value be larger or smaller from the average of the pure phases, symmetry breaks, resulting in a unique minimizer. Furthermore, we derive bounds of these minimizers, incorporating boundary conditions and features of the de Gennes–Cahn–Hilliard energy.