bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Regular Dialysis Treatment in Japan (As of 31 December 2010)
Authors: Nakai Shigeru , Iseki Kunitoshi , Itami Noritomo , Ogata Satoshi , Kazama Junichiro James , Kimata Naoki , Shigematsu Takashi , Shinoda Toshio , Shoji Tetsuo , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Taniguchi Masatomo , Tsuchida Kenji , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Nishi Hiroshi , Hashimoto Seiji , Hasegawa Takeshi , Hanafusa Norio , Hamano Takayuki , Fujii Naohiko , Masakane Ikuto , Marubayashi Seiji , Morita Osamu , Yamagata Kunihiro , Wakai Kenji , Wada Atsushi , Watanabe Yuzo , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA nationwide statistical survey of 4226 dialysis facilities was conducted at the end of 2010, and 4166 facilities (98.6%) responded. The number of new patients introduced into dialysis was 37 512 in 2010. This number has decreased for two consecutive years since it peaked in 2008. The number of patients who died in 2010 was 28 882, which has been increasing every year. The number of patients undergoing dialysis at the end of 2010 was 298 252, which is an increase of 7591 (2.6%) compared with that at the end of 2009. The number of dialysis patients per million at the end of 2010 was 2329.1. The crude death rate of dialysis patients in 2010 was 9.8%, and has been gradually increasing. The mean age of the new patients introduced into dialysis was 67.8 years and the mean age of the entire dialysis patient population was 66.2 years. Regarding the primary disease of the new patients introduced into dialysis, the percentage of patients with diabetic nephropathy was 43.6%, which is a slight decrease from that in the previous year (44.5%). Patients with diabetic nephropathy as the primary disease accounted for 35.9% of the entire dialysis patient population, which approaches the percentage of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis as the primary disease (36.2%). The percentage of patients who had undergone carpal tunnel release surgery (CTx) was 4.3%, which is a slight decrease from that at the end of 1999 (5.5%). The decrease in the percentage of patients who had undergone CTx was significant among the patients with dialysis durations of 20–24 years (1999, 48.0%; 2010, 23.2%). A total weekly Kt/V attributable to peritoneal dialysis and their residual functional kidney was 1.7 or higher for 59.4% of patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis.
Notes on husbandry, reproduction and development in the Pacific horned frog Ceratophrys stolzmanni (Anura: Ceratophryidae), with comments on its amplexus
Authors: Ortiz D. A. , Almeida‐Reinoso D. , Coloma L. A. 
Published: November 2012

Aspects related to the natural history and behaviour of the Pacific horned frog Ceratophrys stolzmanni were investigated, mostly by observations under laboratory conditions. Ceratophrys stolzmanni is a poorly known species of horned frog (Ceratophryinae) that inhabits the xeric environments of Pacific coast in Ecuador and Peru. The species has been found only during the rainy season in western Ecuador. Herein, techniques for husbandry and reproduction, as well as reproductive and developmental features, are reported. Breeding was nocturnal and clutches, which were laid on the same night as courtship, contained a maximum of 2100 eggs. Development time (c. 27°C) from fertilization to hatching was 40 hours and metamorphosis was completed at 20–32 days. The amplectant position of C. stolzmanni differs from typical axillary amplexus of other anurans and may be the result of the unique morphology of Ceratophryinae. Data presented here are pivotal for captive‐management programmes related to conservation, education and hobbyist activities.Se investigaron aspectos sobre historia natural y comportamiento del sapo bocón del Pacífico Ceratophrys stolzmanni, mayormente basados en observaciones bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Ceratophrys stolzmanni es una especie poco conocida de rana cornuda (Ceratophryinae) que habita los ambientes xéricos de la costa del Pacífico en Ecuador y Perú. La especie ha sido encontrada únicamente durante la estación lluviosa en Ecuador occidental. Aquí se reportan técnicas de mantenimiento y reproducción, así como características reproductivas y de desarrollo. La reproducción fue nocturna y las puestas de huevos, que fueron hechas la misma noche del cortejo, contuvieron un máximo de 2100 huevos. El tiempo de desarrollo (∼27°C) desde la fertilización hasta la eclosión fue 40 horas y la metamorfosis fue completada entre 20–32 días. La posición de amplexus de C. stolzmanni difiere del amplexus axilar típico de otros anuros, y puede ser el resultado de la morfología única de Ceratophryinae. Los datos presentados aquí son esenciales para programas de manejo en cautiverio relacionados a conservación, educación y actividades de afición.
The psychology of tooth wear
Authors: Ahmed Khaled E 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAimTo review the main psychological and mental conditions that are manifested dentally in the form of tooth wear. These conditions include depression, eating disorders, and alcohol and drug use disorders. The paper will also review the comorbidity of these conditions and the relevance of other medical conditions and lifestyle factors, such as gastroesophageal reflux disorder, smoking and diet, in the expression of tooth wear.ConclusionA holistic, multidisciplinary, healthcare approach is required in management of tooth wear patients with underlying mental health disorders. Dentists and Dental Care Professionals can have an important role in identifying these mental disorders through the observed tooth wear. They can also play a key role in monitoring patients’ response and compliance to medical treatment through the monitoring of tooth wear progression and expression.
Downscaling of species distribution models:  a hierarchical approach
Authors: Keil Petr , Belmaker Jonathan , Wilson Adam M. , Unitt Philip , Jetz Walter 
Published: November 2012

SummaryReliable methods to downscale species distributions from coarse to fine grain (equivalent to resolution or support) hold great potential benefit for ecology and conservation. Existing methods have been based on partially unrealistic assumptions and yield mixed results.Here, we introduce a novel and simple approach for downscaling species distribution models based on a hierarchicalBayesian modelling (HBM) framework. Our approach treats putative (unknown) fine‐grain presences/absences as latent variables, which are modelled as a function of observed fine‐grain environmental variables and constrained by observed coarse‐grain presences/absences using logistic regression. The aim is to produce downscaled fine‐grain probabilities of species occurrence that (1) closely resemble the probabilities produced by a logistic model parameterized with the observed fine‐grain data (the ‘reference model’) and (2) are improvements over conventional downscaling methods. We additionally test how fine‐grain occupancy based on power‐law scale‐area relationships modifies the downscaling results. We test our approach on 127 bird species from the San Diego breeding atlas data surveyed at 5 km grain.TheHBMapproach provides unbiased fine‐grain probabilities of occurrence whilst the conventional methods (direct approach, point sampling) consistently over‐predict occurrence probabilities. Incorporation of the downscaled occupancy further improves reliability of the models, but only in cases when the fine‐grain occupancy is estimated accurately.Summing predictions across grid cells and species,HBMs provide better estimates of fine‐grain species richness than conventional methods. They also provide better estimates of fine‐grain occupancy (prevalence).The presentedHBM‐based downscaling approach offers improved predictions of fine‐grain presence and absence compared with existing methods. The combination of theBayesian approach with key macroecological relationships (specifically, the scale‐area relationship) offers a promising general basis for downscaling distributions that may be extended, for example, using generalized linear or additive models. These approaches enable integrative predictions of spatial biodiversity patterns at fine grains.
Reaction Pathway of Combustion Synthesis of Ti5Si3 in Cu–Ti–Si System
Authors: Wang Hui–Yuan , Lü Si–Jie , Xiao Wei , Liu Guo–Jun , Wang Jin–Guo , Jiang Qi–Chuan 
Published: November 2012

The reaction pathway of combustion synthesis (CS) of Ti5Si3 in Cu–Ti–Si system was explored through a delicate microstructure and phase analysis on the resultant products during differential thermal analysis (DTA). The formation of Cu–Si eutectic liquids plays a key role in the reaction pathway, which provides easy route for reactant transfer and accelerates the occurrence of complete reaction. Cu initially reacted with Si to form Cu3Si by a solid‐state diffusion reaction, which further reacted with Cu to form Cu–Si liquids at the eutectic point of ~802°C; then Ti was dissolved into the surrounding Cu–Si liquids and led to the formation of Cu–Ti–Si ternary liquids; finally, Ti5Si3 was precipitated out of the saturated liquids by a solution–reaction–precipitation mechanism. The reaction pathway in CS of titanium silicide (Ti5Si3) could be described briefly as: Cu(s) + Ti(s) + Si(s)→Cu3Si(s) + Ti(s) + Si(s)→(Cu–Si)(l) + Ti(s)→(Cu–Ti–Si)(l)→Cu(l) + Ti5Si3(s).
Compressive Behavior of Ti3AlC2 and Ti3Al0.8Sn0.2C2MAX Phases at Room Temperature
Authors: Bei G‐P. , Laplanche G. , Gauthier‐Brunet V. , Bonneville J. , Dubois S. 
Published: November 2012

In this study, we report on the compressive behavior of Ti3AlC2 and Ti3Al0.8Sn0.2C2 MAX phases at room temperature. We found that these two phases could be classified as Kinking Nonlinear Elastic (KNE) solids. The cyclic compressive stress–strain loops for Ti3AlC2 and Ti3Al0.8Sn0.2C2 are typical hysteretic and fully reversible. At failure, both compositions fracture in shear with maximum stresses of 545 MPa for Ti3AlC2 and 839 MPa for Ti3Al0.8Sn0.2C2. Consequently, the macroshear stresses for failure, τc, are 185 MPa and 242 MPa for Ti3AlC2 and Ti3Al0.8Sn0.2C2, respectively. In addition to the grain size effects, the presence of a ductile TixAly intermetallic distributed in the grain boundaries plays an important role in the enhancement of the ultimate compressive and macroshear stresses for Ti3Al0.8Sn0.2C2. SEM observations reveal that these two MAX phases exhibit crack deflections, intragranular fractures, kink band formation and delaminations, grain push‐in and pull‐out.
Benefits of fibre retention osseous resective surgery in the treatment of shallow infrabony defects. A double‐blind, randomized, clinical trial describing clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Carnevale Gianfranco , Nieri Michele , Mervelt Jana , Cincinelli Sandro , Martinolli Chiara , Pini‐Prato Giovan Paolo , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Apically Positioned Flap with Fibre Retention Osseous Resective Surgery (FibReORS) or Osseous Resective Surgery (ORS) to treat periodontal pockets associated with infrabony defect ≤3 mm at posterior natural teeth.Material and methodsThirty patients with chronic periodontitis showing persistent periodontal pockets after cause‐related therapy were enrolled; 15 patients were randomly assigned to FibReORS (test group) and 15 to ORS (control group). Measurements were performed by a blind and calibrated examiner. Outcome measures included intra‐operative and post‐operative morbidity and root sensitivity, 1‐year probing depth (PD), gingival recession (Rec) and radiographic bone changes.ResultsNo differences in clinical and bone defect parameters were observed at baseline. Marginal bone resection was reduced by 0.9–1.6 mm in the FibReORS group. ORS was associated with patient perception of greater surgical hardship (p = 0.0264), higher 1‐week pain experience (p = 0.0001) and greater dental hypersensitivity (p = 0.0002). After 1 year, shallow, maintainable PD with no difference between the two procedures (p = 0.3707) was obtained. FibReORS was associated with less final Rec (p < 0.0001) and less radiographic bone loss (p < 0.0001) than ORS. Dental hypersensitivity remained significantly higher in the ORS group (p = 0.0024).ConclusionFibReORS was similarly effective as ORS for PD reduction with less final Rec and patient morbidity.
Effect of ephedrine on intubating conditions created by propofol and rocuronium: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Rao , Tian Jin Hui , Li Lun , Tian Hong Liang , Jia Wen Qin , Yang Ke Hu , Cao Nong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjective To evaluate the effect of ephedrine on intubation conditions (ICs) one minute after anesthesia induction using propofol and rocuronium.Methods: PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Google Scholar, and other databases were searched from inception to September 2012 to collect relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies by the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool and analyzed the data using RevMan 5.1. As the outcomes, excellent ICs, clinically acceptable ICs and side effects were evaluated with risk ratios (RRs).Results: Five RCTs involving 396 patients were identified. The results of the meta‐analysis demonstrated that ephedrine increased the rate of excellent ICs (RR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.89 to 3.05), but had no effects on the rate of clinically acceptable ICs (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.42) and the incidence of side effects (RR = 2.00, 95% CI 0.19 to 21.36). Besides, the results of subgroup analysis showed that both low dose and high dose of ephedrine increased the rate of excellent ICs, but only low dose increased the rate of clinically acceptable ICs. The results of sensitive analysis showed that both favored ephedrine (excellent ICs: RR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.83; clinically acceptable ICs: RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38).Conclusion: Ephedrine, without extra side effects, created superior ICs one minute after anesthesia induction using propofol and rocuronium, and low dose (i.e., 70–100 μg/kg) is recommended as the possible optimal dose.
Electrophysiological Properties of the Microstome and Macrostome Morph of the Polymorphic Ciliate Tetrahymena vorax
Authors: Grønlien Heidi K. , Bruskeland Guttorm E. , Jansen Anne K. , Sand Olav 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPolymorphic ciliates, like Tetrahymena vorax, optimize food utilization by altering between different body shapes and behaviours. Microstome T. vorax feeds on bacteria, organic particles, and solutes, whereas the larger macrostome cells are predators consuming other ciliates. We have used current clamp and discontinuous single electrode voltage clamp to compare electrophysiological properties of these morphs. The resting membrane potential was approximately −30 mV in both morphs. The input resistance and capacitance of microstomes were approximately 350 MΩ and 105 pF, whereas the corresponding values for the macrostomes were 210 MΩ and 230 pF, reflecting the larger cell size. Depolarizing current injections elicited regenerative Ca2+ spikes with a maximum rate of rise of 7.5 Vs−1 in microstome and 4.7 Vs−1 in macrostome cells. Depolarizing voltage steps from a holding potential of −40 mV induced an inward Ca2+ ‐current (Ica) peaking at −10 mV, reaching approximately the same value in microstome (−1.4 nA) and macrostome cells (−1.2 nA). Because the number of ciliary rows is the same in microstome and macrostome cells, the similar size of ICa in these morphs supports the notion that the voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels in ciliates are located in the ciliary membrane. In both morphs, hyperpolarizing voltage steps revealed inward membrane rectification that persisted in Na+‐free solution and was only partially inhibited by extracellular Cs+. The inward rectification was completely blocked by replacing Ca2+ with Co2+ or Ba2+ in the recording solution, and is probably due to Ca2+ ‐activated inward K+ current secondary to Ca2+ influx through channels activated by hyperpolarization.
Phytophthora infestans Field Isolates from Gansu Province, China are Genetically Highly Diverse and Show a High Frequency of Self Fertility
Authors: Han Miao , Liu Gang , Li Ji‐Ping , Govers Francine , Zhu Xiao‐Qiong , Shen Chong‐Yao , Guo Li‐Yun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe genetic diversity of 85 isolates of Phytophthora infestans collected in 2007 from Gansu province in China was determined and compared with 21 isolates collected before 2004. Among them, 70 belonged to the A1 mating type and 15 were self‐fertile (SF). The mitochondrial DNA haplotypes revealed both Ia (25%) and IIa (75%) haplotypes. Metalaxyl resistance occurred with high frequency (54%) in Gansu. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping revealed 26 genotypes (13 from the Tianshui region) among the 85 isolates, and 18 genotypes among the 21 isolates collected before 2004, without overlap in genotypes detected in the two groups. Cluster analysis showed clear subdivisions within the different mating type isolates. Among Gansu's isolates, Nei's and Shannon's diversity indices were highest in isolates collected in Tianshui where both A1 and SF isolates were found. Analysis of molecular variance of isolates from Gansu indicated that 51% and 49% of the variance was explained by within‐area and among‐area variance, respectively. The results suggest that the occurrence of SF isolates increases the risk of sexual reproduction, the formation of oospore as initial inocula in the field, and affects the genotypic diversity in the population.
Hepatitis B virus exposure and vaccination in a cohort of people who inject drugs: What has been the impact of targeted free vaccination?
Authors: Winter Rebecca J , Dietze Paul M , Gouillou Maelenn , Hellard Margaret E , Robinson Priscilla , Aitken Campbell K 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and AimForty percent of new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in Australia occur in people who inject drugs (PWID); long‐term infection carries the risk of serious liver disease. HBV incidence among Australian PWID has not been measured since the advent of targeted (2001) and adolescent school‐based “catch‐up” (1998) vaccination programs. We measured HBV incidence and prevalence in a cohort of PWID in Melbourne, Australia and examined demographic and behavioral correlates of exposure and vaccination.MethodsCommunity‐recruited PWID were surveyed about blood‐borne virus risk behaviors and their sera tested for HBV markers approximately three‐monthly over three years. Incidence was assessed using prospectively collected data. A cross‐sectional design was used to examine prevalence of HBV exposure and vaccination at baseline. Poisson regression was used to identify correlates of HBV exposure and vaccination.ResultsAt baseline, 33.1% of participants (114/344) had been vaccinated against HBV, 40.4% (139/344) had been exposed (previously or currently infected), and 26.5% (91/344) were susceptible. HBV incidence was 15.7 per 100 person‐years. Independent associations with HBV exposure included female gender, South‐East Asian ethnicity, drug treatment in the past three months, injecting in prison, and prior exposure to hepatitis C virus. Independent associations with vaccination included being ≤ 25 years old, reporting HBV vaccination, and never having been to prison.ConclusionsHBV infection continues at high incidence among Australian PWID despite the introduction of free vaccination programs. Innovative methods are needed to encourage PWID to complete HBV vaccination.
Effects of an Advanced Practice Nurse In‐Home Health Consultation Program for Community‐Dwelling Persons Aged 80 and Older
Authors: Imhof Lorenz , Naef Rahel , Wallhagen Margaret I. , Schwarz Jürg , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of an advanced practice nurse (APN) in‐home health consultation program (HCP) on quality of life, health indicators (falls, acute events), and healthcare utilization.DesignRandomized clinical trial.SettingOne urban area in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland.ParticipantsFour hundred sixty‐one community‐dwelling individuals aged 80 and older (mean age 85, 72.7% female, all Caucasian) participated in the intervention (n = 231) and control (n = 230) groups.InterventionAfter a comprehensive geriatric assessment, participants were randomly assigned to the 9‐month HCP with four in‐home visits and three phone calls from APNs or to a control group with standard care with no intervention.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was quality of life at 3, 6, and 9 months. Secondary outcomes were incidence of falls, acute events due to health problems, and healthcare utilization measured for 3‐month periods at 3, 6, and 9 months.ResultsThe intervention and control groups did not differ significantly on any dimension of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire but differed significantly over 9 months in self‐reported acute events (116 vs 168, relative risk (RR) = 0.70, P = .001), falls (74 vs 101, RR = 0.71, P = .003), consequences of falls (63.1% vs 78.7%, chi‐square = 7.39, P = .007), and hospitalizations (47 vs 68, RR = .70, P = .03).ConclusionThe in‐home HCP provided by APNs and guided by the principles of health promotion, empowerment, partnership, and family‐centeredness, can be effective in reducing adverse health outcomes such as falls, acute events, and hospitalizations.
Psychometric properties of the structured Satisfaction Questionnaire with Gastrostomy Feeding (SAGA‐8) for caregivers of children with gastrostomy tube nutritional support
Authors: Martínez‐Costa C. , Calderón C. , Pedrón‐Giner C. , Borraz S. , Gómez‐López L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo analyse the psychometric properties of the structured Satisfaction Questionnaire with Gastrostomy Feeding (SAGA‐8) in parents/caregivers of children with home enteral nutrition (HEN) by gastrostomy tube (GT).MethodsEighty‐six caregivers (mothers) of paediatric patients with HEN by GT were recruited. Patients suffered from neurological disease (61.6%) and other chronic diseases. The SAGA‐8 scale, a structured questionnaire to explore satisfaction with HEN by GT, and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (Zarit) were completed. The discriminating power of each of the SAGA‐8 items, internal consistency and external validity were evaluated. An exploratory factor analysis and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) was performed as well.ResultsEighty‐four percent of the families expressed high satisfaction with GT feeding. All eight items of SAGA‐8 gave additional information. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that a significant part of the items’ variability could be explained by two independent factors: Factor 1 (direct benefit), which compiled the variables related to the perception of children's overall improvement by GT feeding; Factor 2 (indirect benefit), which grouped the variables related to a decrease in respiratory infections, feeding time and institutional support. Results from KMO (0.628) indicated the high adequacy of the items assessed in the factorial analysis. Moreover, the questionnaire presented high internal consistency (0.76), and the external validation analysis confirmed the correlation between SAGA‐8 and Zarit, thereby emphasising the approptiate use of the SAGA‐8 to detect carers’ satisfaction.ConclusionsThe SAGA‐8 questionnaire has a high discriminatory power to assess the degree of satisfaction experienced by parents/caregivers of children with HEN by GT and, subsequently, the patients’ wellbeing.