bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of particle size and associated minerals on rare earth desorption and incorporation mechanisms in a South American ion-adsorption clay
Authors: Ding Lingyang , Azimi Gisele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the intricate nexus of particle size, mineralogical composition, surface attributes, elemental mapping, and rare earth element (REE) adsorption mechanisms within an ion-adsorption clay sample from South America. The investigation entails the fractionation of the ion-adsorption clay into three size categories: S1 (< 0.25 mm), S2 (0.25–0.5 mm), and S3 (0.5–2 mm). Each fraction undergoes meticulous characterization to unveil its elemental composition, mineralogical composition, surface area, morphological characteristics, elemental mapping, and the mechanisms governing REE incorporation. The results indicate that S1 has 31% physiosorbed, 8% chemisorbed, and 61% mineralized REEs, while S2 has 40% physiosorbed, 5% chemisorbed, and 55% mineralized REEs, and S3 has 24% physiosorbed, 5% chemisorbed, and 71% mineralized REEs. The physisorbed REEs are attributed to the presence of kaolinite, conducive to mostly physisorption. In terms of grain size and REE content/type relationship, the results show that REE content decreases with increasing grain size; however, there is not a clear trend in terms of REE occurrence modes with grain size. Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) are discernibly favored in adsorption over light rare earth elements (LREEs). This preference is underpinned by the weathering processes that led to the formation of ion-adsorption clay, which facilitated the transport and accumulation of HREEs. Notably, the ion-adsorption clay encompasses a substantial content of mineralized REEs, necessitating more demanding extraction methodologies, such as acid baking followed by water leaching if complete extraction of all REEs is desired. Among the desorbable REEs, physisorption dominates, encompassing over 80% of the total. Chemisorbed REEs exhibit versatility in association with various minerals, encompassing kaolinite, quartz, and goethite. In essence, this study unveils the intricate interplay between particle dimensions, mineralogical constitution, surface attributes, and REE adsorption modes within this ion-adsorption clay sample. The ion-adsorption clay in this study contains a significant portion of mineralized REEs that cannot be extracted using the mild conditions typically employed for the desorption process. Additionally, the REE concentration in this ion-adsorption clay is notably higher than the average found in clay deposits worldwide, reaching levels comparable to those of regolith deposits in China, which are a major global source of REEs. This remarkable concentration of REEs, along with the unique modes of their occurrence in this deposit, presents a significant interest to the scientific community.
The clinical value of nutritional and inflammatory indicators in predicting pneumonia among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhao Guang , Chen Yuyang , Gu Yuting , Xia Xiaohua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImmunosuppression and malnutrition play pivotal roles in the complications of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and are intricately linked to the development of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Inflammatory markers, including NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), SII (systemic immune inflammation index), SIRI (systemic inflammatory response index), and SIS (systemic inflammation score), along with nutritional indexes such as CONUT (controlling nutritional status) and PNI (prognostic nutritional index), are crucial indicators influencing the inflammatory state following ICH. In this study, our objective was to compare the predictive efficacy of inflammatory and nutritional indices for SAP in ICH patients, aiming to determine and explore their clinical utility in early pneumonia detection. Patients with severe ICH requiring ICU admission were screened from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The outcomes included the occurrence of SAP and in-hospital death. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, multivariate logistic regression, smooth curve analysis, and stratified analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between the CONUT index and the clinical outcomes of patients with severe ICH. A total of 348 patients were enrolled in the study. The incidence of SAP was 21.3%, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 17.0%. Among these indicators, multiple regression analysis revealed that CONUT, PNI, and SIRI were independently associated with SAP. Further ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CONUT (AUC 0.6743, 95% CI 0.6079–0.7408) exhibited the most robust predictive ability for SAP in patients with ICH. Threshold analysis revealed that when CONUT < 6, an increase of 1 point in CONUT was associated with a 1.39 times higher risk of SAP. Similarly, our findings indicate that CONUT has the potential to predict the prognosis of patients with ICH. Among the inflammatory and nutritional markers, CONUT stands out as the most reliable predictor of SAP in patients with ICH. Additionally, it proves to be a valuable indicator for assessing the prognosis of patients with ICH.
Evaluation of regional comprehensive development efficiency under low-carbon policy: based on optimized DDF-GML combined with unsupervised clustering method
Authors: Yu Runqun , Luo Zhuoyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the study of urban development, it is very important to evaluate the influence of production factors reasonably and efficiently for the region to achieve efficient development. The principal aim of this investigation is to amalgamate the conventional measurement model characterized by robust interpretability with the non-parametric model characterized by limited interpretability, thereby enhancing the precision of research outcomes. Towards this objective, the study employs an optimized directional distance function integrated with a global Malmquist–Luenberger index to formulate a comprehensive total factor productivity measurement framework. In elucidating the homogeneous attributes of regions, departing from prior methodologies reliant on manual or direct algorithmic partitioning, this paper employs the K-means clustering algorithm for index discernment, abstracting the concept of K-means clustering centroids to encapsulate regional homogeneity, thereby delineating results through the visualization of regional development potential maps and the evolution of centroid-based clustering trend maps. The findings of the investigation illuminate common patterns of change across disparate regions, proposing a strategy for leveraging regional resource endowments towards a cohesive framework, thereby transcending constraints imposed by production efficiency limitations. Amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study draws upon provincial-level data spanning from 2000 to 2018 in China. The conclusive analytical outcomes underscore the pivotal role of energy factors in regional development efficiency, particularly within high-potential development regions, followed by the capital and labor factors. Concurrently, the study discerns a discernible hierarchical pattern among areas of development potential, which exhibits correlation with factor mobility dynamics.
Determination of vat-photopolymerization parameters for microneedles fabrication and characterization of HPMC/PVP K90 dissolving microneedles utilizing 3D-printed mold
Authors: Chanabodeechalermrung Baramee , Chaiwarit Tanpong , Udomsom Suruk , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Piboon Promporn , Jantrawut Pensak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing serves as an alternative method for fabricating microneedle (MN) patches with a high object resolution. In this investigation, four distinct needle shapes: pyramid mounted over a long cube (shape A), cone mounted over a cylinder (shape B), pyramidal shape (shape C), and conical shape (shape D) were designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software with compensated bases of 350, 450 and 550 µm. Polylactic acid (PLA) biophotopolymer resin from eSun and stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer from Anycubic technology were used to print MN patches. The 3D-printed MN patches were employed to construct MN molds, and those molds were used to produce hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K90 dissolving microneedles (DMNs). Various printing parameters, such as curing time, printing angle, and anti-aliasing (AA), were varied to evaluate suitable printing conditions for each shape. Furthermore, physical appearance, mechanical property, and skin insertion ability of HPMC/PVP K90 DMNs were examined. The results showed that for shape A and C, the suitable curing time and printing angle were 1.5 s and 30° while for shapes B and D, they were 2.0 s and 45°, respectively. All four shapes required AA to eliminate their stair-stepped edges. Additionally, it was demonstrated that all twelve designs of 3D-printed MN patches could be employed for fabricating MN molds. HPMC/PVP K90 DMNs with the needles of shape A and B exhibited better physicochemical properties compared to those of shape C and D. Particularly, both sample 9 and 10 displayed sharp needle without bent tips, coupled with minimal height reduction (< 10%) and a high percentage of blue dots (approximately 100%). As a result, 3D printing can be utilized to custom construct 3D-printed MN patches for producing MN molds, and HPMC/PVP K90 DMNs manufactured by those molds showed excellent physicochemical properties.
A study of size threshold for cooling effect in urban parks and their cooling accessibility and equity
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Huina , Qi Ruoming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapid urbanization has led to increasingly prominent urban heat island phenomena and social inequality. It is urgent to quantify the threshold area of urban parks from multiple perspectives to maximize the cooling effect and improve the equity of park cooling services. Using 33 urban parks in Harbin City as research objects, four indices, i.e., park cooling intensity (PCI), park cooling distance (PCD), park cooling area (PCA), and park cooling efficiency (PCE), were used to explore the park cooling effect and the threshold value of efficiency (TVoE) of the size. The OD (origin–destination) matrix model was constructed to assess the spatial accessibility from the community to the cooling range. The Gini coefficient was used to assess the equity of cooling range accessibility. The relative contribution of each influencing factor to the cooling indicator was quantified through regression modeling. The results showed that the average PCI was 3.27 ℃, the average PCD was 277 m, the average PCA was 115.35 ha, and the average PCE was 5.74. Gray space area was the dominant factor for PCI, PCD, and PCA (relative contributions of 100%, 31%, and 19%, respectively). Park area was the dominant factor for PCE (relative contribution of 28%). The TVoE of park sizes based on PCA and PCE were calculated as 82.37 ha and 2.56 ha, respectively. 39.2% and 94.01% of communities can reach cooling ranges within 15 min in walk mode and transit mode, respectively. Approximately 18% of neighborhood residents are experiencing severe inequities in cooling range accessibility. This study can guide park design that maximizes cooling effects, as well as inform city planners on more equitable allocation of urban park resources.
Efficient synthesis of some [1,3]-oxazine derivatives in the presence of solid acid nano catalyst based on ferrierite and study on their activity against breast cancer through molecular docking calculation
Authors: khollat Atiyeh , Moradi Leila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this research, the magnetic solid acid nanocatalyst based on ferrierite has been prepared and used as catalyst for the green synthesis of some [1,3]-oxazine derivatives in water at room temperature. The synthesized compounds were obtained in high to excellent yields after short reaction times and the structure of synthesized products were investigated by spectroscopic methods such as: FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The prepared magnetic solid acid catalyst was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, TGA and VSM analysis methods. Magnetic catalyst has easy separation ability, which leads to better and easier recycling. The preparation and synthesis of [1,3]-oxazine derivatives were carried out at room temperature in the presence of M-FER/TEPA/SO3H. Easy workup, green solvent (water) and also short reaction times with high to excellent yield of products, are some of advantageous of presented method. Docking calculations on the structure of the synthesized compounds proved their medicinal properties against breast cancer cells.
Evaluating the predictive efficacy of first trimester biochemical markers (PAPP-A, fβ-hCG) in forecasting preterm delivery incidences
Authors: Swiercz G. , Zmelonek-Znamirowska A. , Szwabowicz K. , Armanska J. , Detka K. , Mlodawska M. , Mlodawski J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this investigation, we explored the correlation between first-trimester biochemical markers and the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), irrespective of the cause, spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) within a cohort comprising 1164 patients. It was discovered that diminished levels of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation significantly contributed to the risk of preterm deliveries both before 35 and 37 weeks, as well as to pPROM instances. Furthermore, women experiencing sPTB before the 37th week of gestation also exhibited lower concentrations of PAPP-A. Moreover, reduced first-trimester concentrations of free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (fb-HCG) were identified as a risk factor for deliveries preceding 37 weeks, pPROM, and sPTB before 35 weeks of gestation. Despite these correlations, the area under the curve for these biochemical markers did not surpass 0.7, indicating their limited diagnostic potential. The most significant discriminatory capability was noted for PAPP-A levels, with a threshold of < 0.71 multiples of the median (MoM) predicting PTB before 37 weeks, yielding an odds ratio of 3.11 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.97–4.92). For sPTB, the greatest discriminatory potential was observed for PAPP-A < 0.688, providing an OR of 2.66 (95% CI 1.51–4.66). The cut-off points corresponded to accuracies of 76.05% and 79.1%, respectively. In regression analyses, the combined predictive models exhibited low explanatory power with R2 values of 9.2% for PTB and 7.7% for sPTB below 35 weeks of gestation. In conclusion, while certain biochemical markers demonstrated associations with outcomes of preterm birth, their individual and collective predictive efficacies for foreseeing such events were found to be suboptimal.
Pan-Arctic methanesulfonic acid aerosol: source regions, atmospheric drivers, and future projections
Authors: Pernov Jakob Boyd , Harris Eliza , Volpi Michele , Baumgartner Tamara , Hohermuth Benjamin , Henne Stephan , Aeberhard William H. , Becagli Silvia , Quinn Patricia K. , Traversi Rita , Upchurch Lucia M. , Schmale Julia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNatural aerosols are an important, yet understudied, part of the Arctic climate system. Natural marine biogenic aerosol components (e.g., methanesulfonic acid, MSA) are becoming increasingly important due to changing environmental conditions. In this study, we combine in situ aerosol observations with atmospheric transport modeling and meteorological reanalysis data in a data-driven framework with the aim to (1) identify the seasonal cycles and source regions of MSA, (2) elucidate the relationships between MSA and atmospheric variables, and (3) project the response of MSA based on trends extrapolated from reanalysis variables and determine which variables are contributing to these projected changes. We have identified the main source areas of MSA to be the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic. Using gradient-boosted trees, we were able to explain 84% of the variance and find that the most important variables for MSA are indirectly related to either the gas- or aqueous-phase oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS): shortwave and longwave downwelling radiation, temperature, and low cloud cover. We project MSA to undergo a seasonal shift, with non-monotonic decreases in April/May and increases in June-September, over the next 50 years. Different variables in different months are driving these changes, highlighting the complexity of influences on this natural aerosol component. Although the response of MSA due to changing oceanic variables (sea surface temperature, DMS emissions, and sea ice) and precipitation remains to be seen, here we are able to show that MSA will likely undergo a seasonal shift solely due to changes in atmospheric variables.
Revealing new pathways for the reaction of Criegee intermediate CH2OO with SO2
Authors: Yin Cangtao , Czakó Gábor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCriegee intermediates play an important role in the tropospheric oxidation models through their reactions with atmospheric trace chemicals. We develop a global full-dimensional potential energy surface for the CH2OO + SO2 system and reveal how the reaction happens step by step by quasi-classical trajectory simulations. A new pathway forming the main products (CH2O + SO3) and a new product channel (CO2 + H2 + SO2) are predicted in our simulations. The new pathway appears at collision energies greater than 10 kcal/mol whose behavior demonstrates a typical barrier-controlled reaction. This threshold is also consistent with the ab initio transition state barrier height. For the minor products, a loose complex OCH2O ∙ ∙ ∙ SO2 is formed first, and then in most cases it soon turns into HCOOH + SO2, in a few cases it decomposes into CO2 + H2 + SO2 which is a new product channel, and rarely it remains as ∙OCH2O ∙ + SO2.
Enhancing the excitation gap of a quantum-dot-based Kitaev chain
Authors: Liu Chun-Xiao , Bozkurt A. Mert , Zatelli Francesco , ten Haaf Sebastiaan L. D. , Dvir Tom , Wimmer Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConnecting double quantum dots via a semiconductor-superconductor hybrid segment offers a platform for creating a two-site Kitaev chain that hosts Majorana zero modes at a finely tuned sweet spot. However, the effective couplings mediated by Andreev bound states in the hybrid are generally weak in the tunneling regime. As a consequence, the excitation gap is limited in size, presenting a formidable challenge for using this platform to demonstrate non-Abelian statistics and realize topological quantum computing. Here we systematically study the effects of increasing the dot-hybrid coupling. In particular, the proximity effect transforms the dot orbitals into Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states, and as the coupling strength increases, the excitation gap is significantly enhanced and sensitivity to local perturbation is reduced. We also discuss how the strong-coupling regime shows in experimentally accessible quantities, such as conductance, and provide a protocol for tuning a double-dot system into a sweet spot with a large excitation gap.
Drag force on a microrobot propelled through blood
Authors: Wu Chenjun , Omori Toshihiro , Ishikawa Takuji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractControlling microrobot locomotion in vessels and capillaries is crucial for precise drug delivery and minimally invasive surgeries. However, this is challenging due to the complex interactions with red blood cells (RBCs) and the difficulty navigating within the dense environment. Here, we construct a numerical framework to evaluate the relative resistance coefficient ($${C}_{{{{{{{{\rm{r}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$

C

r

*

) of a microrobot propelled through RBC suspensions. Our experiments validate the numerical results. We find that $${C}_{{{{{{{{\rm{r}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$

C

r

*

increases for smaller microrobots and higher hematocrit levels, while magnetic force strength weakly impacts $${C}_{{{{{{{{\rm{r}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$

C

r

*

. $${C}_{{{{{{{{\rm{r}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$

C

r

*

is smaller than the resistance coefficient of a macroscale robot estimated from the apparent viscosity of the RBC suspension. The aspect ratio of a prolate ellipsoidal microrobot influences $${C}_{{{{{{{{\rm{r}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$

C

r

*

along its long-axis direction. Additionally, machine learning accurately predicts $${C}_{{{{{{{{\rm{r}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$

C

r

*

. These insights could enhance the design and control of microrobots for medical applications.
Coherent interferometric control of strongly-coupled nano-electromechanical resonators
Authors: Correia Franck , Jara-Schulz Gladys , Madiot Guilhem , Barbay Sylvain , Braive Remy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe interferometric control of dissipation in a two-port system is a fruitful concept enabling the enhancement or cancellation of the input amplitudes as a function of their relative phases. Here, beyond the canonical configuration of Coherent Perfect Absorption (CPA), we apply this concept to two simultaneously excited strongly-coupled nanoscale electromechanical resonators submitted to independently controlled phase-shifted excitations. Both subsystems are read simultaneously by optical means allowing us to completely reconstruct the signature of coherent annihilation or amplification on both quadrature. We evidence that the mechanical modes amplitude can be enhanced or inhibited with respect to the case of single port excitation while phase experiences strong variations with the excitation imbalance and phase difference. Meanwhile, phase singularities with opposite topological charges are observed for mechanical normal modes. Close to the phase singularity, we demonstrate that the input of a weak phase modulation induces a large, pure phase modulation of the normal mode. These experimental demonstrations are fully modelled via the mechanical dynamical equations of our system. The interferometric control may open avenues for low-power amplitude controlled phase modulation schemes and vice-versa for potential switches and logical gates.
Comparison of direct‐drive Vernier wind generators for potential use at ≥10 MW power level
Authors: Kana Padinharu Dileep Kumar , Li Guang‐Jin , Zhu Zi‐Qiang , Wang Peng , Clark Richard , Azar Ziad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the benefits and challenges of the multi‐MW direct‐drive offshore wind Vernier generators. It is worth noting that the comparison of generator topologies presented in ref. [1] was for the same power level and therefore a reduced machine volume for the surface‐mounted permanent magnet Vernier (SPM‐V) generators. This would mainly impact the capital expenditure (CAPEX) cost between the different investigated machines. Whereas in this paper, the performance is compared for the same machine volume that allows the Vernier generators to produce a much higher energy yield than a conventional SPM generator. As the extra energy yield would be beneficial over the lifetime of the turbine, this will have a bigger impact than the CAPEX cost savings with a reduced machine volume. In addition, a novel Vernier machine with magnets on both the stator and rotor has been proposed to further improve the energy yield. In addition to the basic electromagnetic performance, the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of the three generator topologies, that is, the conventional SPM, SPM‐V and the proposed Vernier machines, has been compared. The direct‐drive powertrain systems with SPM‐V and the proposed Vernier generators can achieve LCOE of 12.3% and 24% lower than that of the conventional SPM generators, indicating their huge potential as an alternative to reduce the overall cost of energy.