bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E genotype and physical function among older people with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Doi Takehiko , Shimada Hiroyuki , Makizako Hyuma , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Uemura Kazuki , Suzuki Takao 
Published: April 2014

AimMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is conceptualized as prodromal of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Declined physical function is one of the risk factors for progression to AD, whereas genetic factors, especially the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), also contribute to the risk of AD and affect the risk factors. However, the association between APOE4 and physical function in MCI is still unclear. To elucidate the association, we carried out the present study to compare physical function between APOE4 carriers and non‐carriers in MCI.MethodsThe study included 386 MCI patients (mean age 71.6 years) who were classified into APOE4 carrier and non‐carrier groups. The participants' characteristics were assessed by face‐to‐face interviews. Grip strength, five chair stand test, walking speed and 6‐min walking test were measured as physical functions.ResultsIn univariate analysis, the APOE4 carrier group had decreased walking speed compared with the non‐carrier group (P < 0.05), but other measures of physical function were not significantly different between the groups. The linear regression model showed a significant association between walking speed and APOE4 after adjusting for covariates (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present study showed that APOE4 carrier participants with MCI had decreased walking speed compared with non‐carrier participants. Thus, APOE4 genotypes should be considered as a potential mediator when the measure of walking speed is used as a risk factor of dementia in older adults with MCI. Further studies using prospective data are required to clarify the relationship between physical function and genetic factors in MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 422–427.
Kreuth III: European consensus proposals for treatment of haemophilia with coagulation factor concentrates
Authors: Giangrande P. , Seitz R. , Behr‐Gross M. E. , Berger K. , Hilger A. , Klein H. , Schramm W. , Mannucci P. M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis report summarizes recommendations relating to haemophilia therapy arising from discussions among experts from 36 European countries during the Kreuth III meeting in April 2013. To optimize the organization of haemophilia care nationally, it is recommended that a formal body be established in each country to include the relevant clinicians, national haemophilia patient organization, health ministry, paying authority and (if appropriate) regulatory authorities. The minimum factor VIII consumption level in a country should be 3 I.U. per capita. Decisions on whether to adopt a new product should not be based solely on cost. Prophylaxis for children with severe haemophilia is already recognized as the optimum therapy. Ongoing prophylaxis for individual adults should also be provided when required based on clinical decision making by the clinician in consultation with the patient. Children with inhibitors who have failed, or who are not suitable for, immune tolerance therapy should be offered prophylaxis with bypassing agents. Single factor concentrates should be used as therapy wherever possible in patients with rare bleeding disorders. Orphan drug designation for a factor concentrate should not be used to hinder the development, licencing and marketing of other products for the same condition which have demonstrably different protein modification or enhancement.
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Headache in Patients WithHIV
Authors: Joshi Shivang G. , Cho Tracey A. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is complex. The etiology of headache in theHIVpopulation is often multifactorial, and attributing causality to specific pathophysiological mechanisms is challenging. Headaches can occur any time during the infection and may be primary (as in non‐HIV‐infected patients) or secondary (either fromHIVdirectly or due to opportunistic disease).DiscussionDirect HIV related headaches are due to the underlying viral pathophysiology. For example, acute meningitis can be seen duringHIV‐1 seroconversion. Headaches can occur during symptomaticHIVand also after anAIDS‐defining illness. Late‐stageHIVheadache can occur without any pleocytosis. A correlation between viral load and neurological symptoms including headache has been suggested. There may be similar mechanisms involving migraine, tension‐type headache, andHIVinfection.ConclusionSecondaryHIVheadaches can be related to opportunistic infections, malignancy, medications used to treatHIV, and immune restoration inflammatory syndrome.
Monetary Policy in a Downturn: Are Financial Crises Special?
Authors: Bech Morten L. , Gambacorta Leonardo , Kharroubi Enisse 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the effectiveness of monetary policy during downturns associated with financial crises. Based on a sample of 24 developed countries, our empirical analysis suggests that monetary policy is less effective following a financial crisis as the monetary transmission mechanism is partially impaired. In particular, our results suggest that the benefits of accommodative monetary policy during a downturn are elusive when the downturn is associated with a financial crisis. In addition, we find that private sector deleveraging during a downturn helps to induce a stronger recovery.
Effects of NaCl on Root Growth and Cell Wall Composition of Two Soya bean Cultivars with Contrasting Salt Tolerance
Authors: An P. , Li X. , Zheng Y. , Matsuura A. , Abe J. , Eneji A. E. , Tanimoto E. , Inanaga S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOur objectives were to determine the influence of salinity on root cell wall composition in soya beans and the possible mechanism of salt tolerance. Two soya bean cultivars, Touzan 69 (salt sensitive) and Dare (salt tolerant), were selected as experimental material for comparison. Root growth was clearly inhibited by salinity in both cultivars, but Touzan 69 showed more severe reductions in root length than Dare. In the 0–5 mm root segment (from root tip), the total cell wall sugar content of Touzan 69 decreased considerably due to salinity as were the pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose fractions. In Dare, NaCl treatments only caused a slight decrease in the pectin fraction and no marked change in hemicellulose and cellulose fractions. Without salt treatment, the pectin fraction accounted for about 40 % and cellulose for 30 % of cell wall composition in the 0–5 mm root segment; in the 5–10 segment (from root tip), pectin and cellulose accounted for 27 % and 45 % in Touzan 69, and 34 % and 38 % in Dare. The percentage of pectin decreased and that of cellulose increased in the 5–10 mm root segment compared with the 0–5 mm segment. This indicates that pectin largely regulates cell growth, as the 0–5 mm region is considered the elongation zone of soya bean roots. Salt treatment decreased the percentage of pectin, but increased that of cellulose across root zones of the two cultivars, suggesting that salt presence may increase cell wall rigidity, and thus, inhibits root growth. Dare was able to maintain its main root cell wall substances, an apparent advantage for root cell growth that may overall improve its salt tolerance. Also, the less reduction in cell wall uronic acid was of some benefit in the positive regulation of root cell growth in Dare. The changes in cell wall composition, especially the pectin content had a close relation with the regulation of root growth. The difference in salt tolerance between the two tested cultivars can partly be explained on the basis of these changes in response to salinity. Sugar compounds in each cell wall constituent and their functions in ion transport as well as the relationship between root cell wall and soya bean salt tolerance need to be further investigated.
A systematic review: non‐pharmacological interventions in treating pain in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Hökkä Minna , Kaakinen Pirjo , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimsTo assess and synthesize the evidence of the effects and safety of non‐pharmacological interventions in treating pain in patients with advanced cancer.BackgroundPain is a common symptom experienced by patients with advanced cancer; the treatment of such pain is often suboptimal. To manage it, non‐pharmacological interventions are recommended after pharmacological treatments have been re‐evaluated and modified. However, there remains a lack of knowledge about the effects and safety of such interventions.DesignA systematic review was conducted based on the procedure of the Centre of Reviews and Dissemination.Data SourcesResearch papers published between 2000–2013 were identified from the following databases: CINAHL, MEDIC, MEDLINE (Ovid) and PsycINFO. The references in the selected studies were searched manually.Review MethodsThe studies selected were reviewed for quality, using Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Review Group risk of bias assessment criteria.ResultsThere was limited evidence that some of the non‐pharmacological interventions were promising with respect to reducing cancer pain. Relatively, few adverse events were reported as a result of using such interventions.ConclusionIt was not possible to draw conclusions about the effects and safety of the non‐pharmacological interventions in reducing cancer pain. Some interventions showed promising short‐term effects, but there is a need for more rigorous trials. Qualitative studies are required to collect information about patients' perceptions. There are several research gaps: we found no studies about music, spiritual care, hypnosis, active coping training, cold or ultrasonic stimulation.
The rapid northward shift of the range margin of a Mediterranean parasitoid insect (Hymenoptera) associated with regional climate warming
Authors: Delava Emilie , Allemand Roland , Léger Lucas , Fleury Frédéric , Gibert Patricia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimMany species are undergoing range shifts to higher latitudes in response to global warming. Whereas several studies of insects have examined causes of variability in the rate of range expansions, few studies have investigated species occupying higher trophic levels, where the effects of climate change are predicted to be particularly strong. Here, we analyse changes in the geographical range of Leptopilina boulardi, a small parasitoid of Drosophila larvae, in relation to temperature changes in the study area.LocationThe Rhône–Saône Valley in south‐eastern France.MethodsA survey of L. boulardi and its two Drosophila host species was conducted in 16 localities at the northern margin of the L. boulardi range over a period of 9 years. A generalized linear mixed model was used to explain the occurrence of the parasitoid in the study area and its northward progression. We also developed linear mixed‐effects models to determine the temperature changes in the studied area.ResultsLeptopilina boulardi was found to be moving very rapidly northwards, with an average rate of range expansion of 90 km decade−1, exceeding previously observed rates for small insects. We recorded significant warming (+1.57 °C, on average from 1979 to 2011), with a considerable temperature increase of 4 °C in the spring. Leptopilina boulardi range expansion is not limited by host availability, and we suggest that this northward range expansion is primarily a direct response to climate warming.Main conclusionsIn south‐eastern France, a very rapid progression northwards, which coincides with a marked increase in temperature, was observed for a higher‐trophic‐level insect.
Current practice of methotrexate use for psoriasis: results of a worldwide survey among dermatologists
Authors: Gyulai R. , Bagot M. , Griffiths C.E.M. , Luger T. , Naldi L. , Paul C. , Puig L. , Kemény L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundMethotrexate is one the most commonly used systemic therapies for psoriasis. Despite its widespread use in psoriasis therapy, dermatologists' practice regarding the use of methotrexate has not been investigated on global scale.ObjectiveTo evaluate the real life use of methotrexate for psoriasis treatment in the dermatological community worldwide.MethodsA questionnaire consisting of 41 questions was designed by the Psoriasis International Network (PIN). Questions focused on safety, dosing, administration, folic acid supplementation and combination therapy aspects of methotrexate use. The anonymous web‐based survey was distributed to dermatologists by the national coordinators of PIN.ResultsBetween 2 April and 7 August 2012, 481 dermatologists from 63 countries completed the questionnaire. Most respondents were from European and South American countries, whereas the response rate from Central America and the Near East was lowest. The majority of responders were experienced dermatologists (86% had more than 5 years of experience in psoriasis treatment). Starting and maintenance doses of 10 mg of methotrexate or lower were reported by 67% and 42% of respondents respectively. Thirty‐eight per cent of respondents stop treatment at a cumulative dose of 2 g, whereas 36% did not consider cumulative dose important in this respect. The primary mode of administration was oral, and the majority of respondents administer folic acid supplementation. Almost all respondents monitored full blood count, liver and renal function tests, whereas procollagen 3 amino terminal peptide measurement and transient elastography is used by only a minority of dermatologists. There were significant differences concerning the doses, routes of administration and safety monitoring among the clinical practices in different geographical locations.ConclusionCurrent clinical practice of methotrexate use in psoriasis is not uniform, depends on geographical location, and is not in full agreement with clinical guidelines.
Increased serum level of N‐terminal Pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide as a possible biomarker of cardiovascular risk in psoriatic patients
Authors: Pietrzak A. , Bartosinska J. , Blaszczyk R. , Chodorowska G. , Brzozowski W. , Hercogova J. , Donica H. , Lotti T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundApparently, these days psoriasis is regarded as a systemic disease with frequent cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, valvular defects etc., which may lead to reduced lifespan or even sudden death. Therefore, it is important that biomarkers helpful in early detection or prediction of cardiovascular complications as well as their prevention should be identified. Even though the N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is a well‐known cardiovascular predictor in cardiovascular (CV) patients and in the general population, its usefulness in detection of CV comorbidities in psoriatic patients is still unclear.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine whether the N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentration was increased in psoriatic patients.MethodsThe study included 73 psoriatic patients and 45 age‐matched healthy individuals. The serum NT pro‐BNP concentration as well as lipid profile parameters were assessed in the study and control groups. Correlations between patients' clinical data, their serum NT‐proBNP and lipid concentrations were calculated.ResultsThe serum concentration of NT‐proBNP was significantly higher in psoriatic patients (109.22 ± 172.59 pg/mL) in comparison with controls (35.82 ± 22.90 pg/mL) (P = 0.000054). In 28 (38.36%) psoriatic patients the lipid profile was within normal limits, whereas in 45 (61.64%) psoriatic patients triglyceride and/or total cholesterol were increased. Moreover, in both psoriatic groups, i.e. normo‐ and hyperlipidaemic, NT‐proBNP concentrations were significantly higher compared to normo‐ and hyperlipidaemic controls, P = 0.02 and P = 0.001 respectively. A positive correlation was found between the NT‐proBNP concentration and duration of psoriasis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study findings confirmed higher NT‐proBNP concentrations in psoriatic patients, which could be a useful biomarker of CV disease in both normo‐ and hyperlipidaemic groups.
Egg and time limitation mediate an egg protection strategy
Authors: Deas J. B. , Hunter M. S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe number of mature eggs remaining in the ovaries and the time left for oviposition determine the reproductive decisions of the hyperdiverse guild of insects that require discrete and potentially limiting resources for oviposition (such as seeds, fruits or other insects). A female may run out of eggs before all available oviposition sites are used (egg limitation), or die before using all of her eggs (time limitation). Females are predicted to change clutch size depending on whether eggs or time is the limiting resource. We extend this framework and ask whether the same constraints influence a strategy in which females modify eggs into protective shields. In response to egg parasitism cues, female seed beetles (Mimosestes amicus) lay eggs in vertical groups of 2–4, modifying the top 1–3 eggs into shields in order to protect the bottom egg from attack by parasitoids. We made contrasting predictions of how egg and time limitation would influence egg size and the incidence and level of egg protection. By varying access to seed pods, we manipulated the number of remaining eggs a female had at the time she received a parasitism cue. Although egg size was not affected, our results confirm that egg‐limited females protected fewer eggs and time‐limited females protected more eggs. Female body size explained the number of eggs in a stack rather than host deprivation or the timing of parasitoid exposure. Our results clearly show that host availability relative to female age influences the incidence of egg protection in M. amicus. Furthermore, our study represents a novel use of life history theory to explain patterns in an unusual but compelling defensive behaviour.
The Effect of Starvation on Plastid Number and Photosynthetic Performance in the Kleptoplastidic Dinoflagellate Amylax triacantha
Authors: Kim Miran , Kim Kwang Young , Nam Seung Won , Shin Woongghi , Yih Wonho , Park Myung Gil 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe dinoflagellate Amylax triacantha is known to retain plastids of cryptophyte origin by engulfing the mixotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum, itself a consumer of cryptophytes. However, there is no information on the fate of the prey's organelles and the photosynthetic performance of the newly retained plastids in A. triacantha. In this study, we conducted a starvation experiment to observe the intracellular organization of the prey's organelles and temporal changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of acquired plastids in A. triacantha. The ultrastructural observations revealed that while the chloroplast‐mitochondria complexes and nucleus of cryptophyte were retained by A. triacantha, other ciliate organelles were digested in food vacuoles. Acquired plastids were retained in A. triacantha for about 1 mo and showed photosynthetic activities for about 18 d when measured by a pulse‐amplitude modulation fluorometer.
Contextual moderators of the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviours and challenge and hindrance stress
Authors: Ozer Muammer , Chang Chu‐Hsiang (Daisy) , Schaubroeck John M. 
Published: April 2014

We studied the moderating roles of task interdependence and leader–member exchange (LMX) on the relationships between interpersonally (organizational citizenship behaviours – interpersonal [OCBIs]) and organizationally directed organizational citizenship behaviours (organizational citizenship behaviours targeted at organizations [OCBOs]) and challenge and hindrance stress perceptions. While OCBIs were more strongly related to challenge stress among employees reporting high levels of task interdependence, OCBOs were more strongly related to challenge stress among employees reporting high LMX. The same organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB)–context interactions were related to hindrance stress; as we predicted, these interaction patterns were the reverse of those observed for challenge stress. The model and findings extend research and theory concerning the potential negative consequences of OCBs, pointing to the role of social exchange context in these relationships. We discuss implications for performance management and theories of stress and well‐being.Practitioner points

Informs managers about the negative consequences of OCBs and may persuade them to take into account such consequences when they encourage their employees to engage in OCBs,

Helps managers understand how different types of OCBs may lead to different types of stress experiences and

Shows how structural and social relationships may alleviate some of the negative consequences of OCBs.
URBAN SPRAWL, OBESOGENIC ENVIRONMENT, AND CHILD WEIGHT
Authors: Guettabi Mouhcine , Munasib Abdul 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTUsing the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth along with the child survey, we examine the relationship between urban sprawl of U.S. metro counties and the body mass index (BMI) of children who reside in these counties. We make a distinction between urban sprawl in a county and its geographical placement in the urban hierarchy. Even after accounting for unobserved individual heterogeneity and resulting selection bias, we find that urban sprawl is positively related to child BMI and distance to large metros is negatively related to child BMI. These effects are somewhat pronounced among girls and middle/high school children.
Excretion pattern of enrofloxacin after oral treatment of chicken broilers
Authors: Slana M. , Pahor V. , Cvitkovič Maričič L. , Sollner‐Dolenc M. 
Published: April 2014

The metabolism and excretion of enrofloxacin were studied when applied as oral solution to chicken broilers for five consecutive days. Sixty 9‐day‐old broilers were isolated within an intensively rearing poultry farm during enrofloxacin therapy (15.5 mg/kg per day). The excreta of the isolated broilers were collected daily, 9 days after therapy termination, for 13 consecutive days, and analyzed for the presence of enrofloxacin and its metabolites [ciprofloxacin, desethylene‐enrofloxacin (DES‐EF) and desethylene‐ciprofloxacin (DES‐CF)]. Enrofloxacin was excreted predominantly in the form of the parent compound between days 1 and 13. Ciprofloxacin was detected in the excreta between days 1 and 6, whereas minor amounts ofDES‐EFandDES‐CFwere excreted only between days 1–7 and 1–6, respectively. In conclusion, the analysis of the excreta showed that approximately 74% of orally applied enrofloxacin was excreted as the parent compound, approximately 25% as the main metabolite ciprofloxacin, and approximately 1% as the minor metabolites desethylene‐enrofloxacin and desethylene‐ciprofloxacin.