bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titania‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalysts for the Oxidation of Cellobiose to Organic Acids in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Amaniampong Prince N. , Li Kaixin , Jia Xinli , Wang Bo , Borgna Armando , Yang Yanhui 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTitania‐supported gold nanoparticles were prepared by using the deposition–precipitation method, followed by reduction under a hydrogen flow. The catalytic activity of these as‐prepared catalysts was explored in the oxidation of cellobiose to gluconic acid with molecular oxygen, and the properties of these catalysts were examined by using XRD, TEM, temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, UV/Vis, and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The catalyst sample reduced at high temperature demonstrated an excellent catalytic activity in the oxidation of cellobiose. The characterization results revealed the strong metal–support interaction between the gold nanoparticles and titania support. Hydrogen reduction at higher temperatures (usually >600 °C) plays a vital role in affording a unique interface between gold nanoparticles and titania support surfaces, which thus improves the catalytic activity of gold/titania by fine‐tuning both the electronic and structural properties of the gold nanoparticles and titania support.
Stereoselective Transformations of α‐Trifluoromethylated Ketoximes to Optically Active Amines by Enzyme–Nanometal Cocatalysis: Synthesis of (S)‐Inhibitor of Phenylethanolamine N‐Methyltransferase
Authors: Cheng Guilin , Wu Qi , Shang Zeyu , Liang Xinhua , Lin Xianfu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne‐pot cascade synthesis of optically active α‐trifluoromethylated amines directly from ketoximes was accomplished with the use of Candida antarctica lipase B and catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Compared to the commercial palladium catalyst, the ALD‐prepared catalysts showed much higher activity and afforded various α‐trifluoromethylated amides in good yields and with high enantioselectivity. One of the enantiopure amides was further hydrolyzed into the corresponding amine, which was treated as a crucial starting material for total synthesis of (S)‐inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase without loss of chiral information.
Light‐Harvesting Photocatalysis for Water Oxidation Using Mesoporous Organosilica
Authors: Takeda Hiroyuki , Ohashi Masataka , Goto Yasutomo , Ohsuna Tetsu , Tani Takao , Inagaki Shinji 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn organic‐based photocatalysis system for water oxidation, with visible‐light harvesting antennae, was constructed using periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO). PMO containing acridone groups in the framework (Acd‐PMO), a visible‐light harvesting antenna, was supported with [RuII(bpy)32+] complex (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridyl) coupled with iridium oxide (IrOx) particles in the mesochannels as photosensitizer and catalyst, respectively. Acd‐PMO absorbed visible light and funneled the light energy into the Ru complex in the mesochannels through excitation energy transfer. The excited state of Ru complex is oxidatively quenched by a sacrificial oxidant (Na2S2O8) to form Ru3+ species. The Ru3+ species extracts an electron from IrOx to oxidize water for oxygen production. The reaction quantum yield was 0.34 %, which was improved to 0.68 or 1.2 % by the modifications of PMO. A unique sequence of reactions mimicking natural photosystem II, 1) light‐harvesting, 2) charge separation, and 3) oxygen generation, were realized for the first time by using the light‐harvesting PMO.
Thermally Induced Growth of ZnO Nanocrystals on Mixed Metal Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Inayat Alexandra , Makky Ayman , Giraldo Jose , Kuhnt Andreas , Busse Corinna , Schwieger Wilhelm 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn in situ method for the growth of ZnO nanocrystals on Zn/Al mixed metal oxide (MMO) surfaces is presented. The key to this method is the thermal treatment of Zn/Al layered double hydroxides (Zn/Al LDHs) in the presence of nitrate anions, which results in partial demixing of the LDH/MMO structure and the subsequent crystallization of ZnO crystals on the surface of the forming MMO layers. In a first experimental series, thermal treatment of Zn/Al LDHs with different fractions of nitrate and carbonate in the interlayer space was examined by thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (TG‐MS) and in situ XRD. In a second experimental series, Zn/Al LDHs with only carbonate in the interlayer space were thermally treated in the presence of different amounts of an external nitrate source (NH4NO3). All obtained Zn/Al MMO samples were analysed by electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption and powder X‐ray diffraction. The gas phase formed during nitrate decomposition turned out to be responsible for the formation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles. Accordingly, both interlayer nitrate and the presence of ammonium nitrate led to the formation of supported ZnO nanocrystals with mean diameters between 100 and 400 nm, and both methods offer the possibility to tailor the amount and size of the ZnO crystals by means of the amount of nitrate.
Indirect Photochemistry in Sunlit Surface Waters: Photoinduced Production of Reactive Transient Species
Authors: Vione Davide , Minella Marco , Maurino Valter , Minero Claudio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper gives an overview of the main reactive transient species that are produced in surface waters by sunlight illumination of photoactive molecules (photosensitizers), such as nitrate, nitrite, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The main transients (.OH, CO3−., 1O2, and CDOM triplet states) are involved in the indirect phototransformation of a very wide range of persistent organic pollutants in surface waters.
Hierarchically Structured ZnO Nanorods as an Efficient Photoanode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Peng Wenqin , Han Liyuan , Wang Zhengming 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHierarchical ZnO nanorods composed of interconnected nanoparticles, which were synthesized by controlling precursor concentrations in a solvothermally assisted process, were exploited as photoanodes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The as‐prepared hierarchical nanorods showed greatly enhanced light scattering compared to ZnO nanoparticles for boosting light harvesting while maintaining sufficient dye‐adsorption capability. The charge‐transfer characteristics were studied by electrochemical impedance measurements, and reduced electron recombination and longer electron lifetime were observed for the ZnO nanorods. Photovoltaic characterization demonstrated that DSCs utilizing the hierarchical nanorods significantly improved the overall conversion efficiency by 34 % compared to nanoparticle‐based DSCs.
The Use of Cobalt‐Mediated Cycloisomerisation of Ynedinitriles in the Synthesis of Pyridazinohelicenes
Authors: Chercheja Serghei , Klívar Jiří , Jančařík Andrej , Rybáček Jiří , Salzl Simon , Tarábek Ján , Pospíšil Lubomír , Vacek Chocholoušová Jana , Vacek Jaroslav , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Starý Ivo , Stará Irena G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA cobalt‐mediated [2+2+2] cycloisomerisation of ynedinitriles to helical pyridazines in good to high yields was developed. The construction of the pyridazine nucleus from one alkyne and two nitrile units is proposed to follow either a conventional organometallic mechanism or to be triggered by a single‐electron transfer from a CoII species. Various [5]‐, [6]‐ and [7]helicene pyridazines were prepared.
Solid‐State Dynamics of Uranyl Polyoxometalates
Authors: Alam Todd M. , Liao Zuolei , Zakharov Lev N. , Nyman May 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUnderstanding fundamental uranyl polyoxometalate (POM) chemistry in solution and the solid state is the first step to defining its future role in the development of new actinide materials and separation processes that are vital to every step of the nuclear fuel cycle. Many solid‐state geometries of uranyl POMs have been described, but we are only beginning to understand their chemical behavior, which thus far includes the role of templates in their self‐assembly, and the dynamics of encapsulated species in solution. This study provides unprecedented detail into the exchange dynamics of the encapsulated species in the solid state through Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Although it was previously recognized that capsule‐like molybdate and uranyl POMs exchange encapsulated species when dissolved in water, analogous exchange in the solid state has not been documented, or even considered. Here, we observe the extremely high rate of transport of Li+ and aqua species across the uranyl shell in the solid state, a process that is affected by both temperature and pore blocking by larger species. These results highlight the untapped potential of emergent f‐block element materials and vesicle‐like POMs.
Planar‐Chiral Through‐Space Conjugated Oligomers: Synthesis and Characterization of Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Inoshita Kenichi , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOptically active through‐space conjugated oligomers, namely, a dimer, trimer, tetramer, and cyclic trimer, consisting of a planar‐chiral [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton were synthesized. In the ground state, observed similarities in the chiroptical properties of the oligomers were attributed to the equivalent orientations of two adjacent chromophores. In the excited state, the oligomers were folded into a form analogous to a one‐handed helix by photoexcitation. All the compounds in dispersed solution exhibited intense circularly polarized luminescence with relatively large anisotropy factors on the order of 10−3.
From Metal–Organic Framework to Intrinsically Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots
Authors: Amali Arlin Jose , Hoshino Hideto , Wu Chun , Ando Masanori , Xu Qiang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHighly photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) were synthesized for the first time from metal–organic framework (MOF, ZIF‐8) nanoparticles. Coupled with fluorescence and non‐toxic characteristics, these carbon nanodots could potentially be used in biosafe color patterning.
Urea‐Induced Acid Amplification: A New Approach for Metal‐Free Insertion Chemistry
Authors: Couch Erica D. , Auvil Tyler J. , Mattson Anita E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe enhanced catalytic activity of difluoroboronate ureas proved to be essential as an acidity amplifier to promote metal‐free OH and SH insertion reactions of α‐aryldiazoacetates in high yield. This methodology was found to be generally applicable to a broad substrate scope and presents a conceptually new approach for organocatalytic diazo insertion reactions. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the reaction pathway involves a urea‐induced protonation of the α‐aryldiazoester.
Multiscale Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems
Authors: Zakrzewska Barbara , Pianko‐Oprych Paulina , Jaworski Zdzislaw 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA concept of multiscale modeling of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system was presented. The major features of two basic modeling tools were described and explained by auxiliary examples: a process simulator for the system level at macro scale and computational fluid dynamics tools used in cell and stack‐level modeling. Guidelines for the integration of the two numerical tools were presented along with the implementation of merging a SOFC CFD model with an ASPEN Plus one by means of an in‐house interfacing software.
Calibration of Dynamic Models through Adaptive Optimal Input Designs
Authors: Barz Tilman , Wozny Günter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDie optimale Versuchsplanung ist ein methodischer Ansatz zur Kalibrierung und Validierung von Modellen mit experimentellen Daten. Sie besitzt ein großes Potenzial zur Reduktion des experimentellen Aufwands und zur Maximierung der Modellgenauigkeit. In dieser Arbeit werden jüngste Entwicklungen zur Verbesserung der Adaptivität der Methodik diskutiert, die den Anwendungsbereich stark erweitern. Neben illustrativen Beispielen wird die experimentelle Anwendung der voll‐automatisierten Echtzeit‐Kalibrierung eines Chromatographiemodells präsentiert.
Retinofugal projections in the mouse
Authors: Morin Lawrence P. , Studholme Keith M. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe laboratory mouse is increasingly a subject for visual system investigation, but there has been no comprehensive evaluation of this species' visual projections. Here, projections were visualized and mapped following intraocular injection of cholera toxin B subunit. Tissue was processed using standard procedures applied to 30 μm free‐floating sections with diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. The mouse retina projects to ∼46 brain regions, including 14 not previously described in this species. These include two amygdaloid nuclei, the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, several visual thalamic nuclei, the paranigral nucleus, several pretectal nuclei, and the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus. Dense retinal patches were also observed in a narrow portion of the ipsilateral intermediate layer of the superior colliculus. The superior fasciculus of the accessory optic tract, which innervates the medial terminal nucleus, was also determined to be a terminal zone throughout its length. The results are compared with previous descriptions of projections from mouse intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells, and with data from the hamster, Nile grass rat, and laboratory rat. The retinal projection patterns are similar in all four species, although there are many differences with respect to the details. The specific visual functions of most retinorecipient areas are unknown, but there is substantial convergence of retinal projections onto regions concerned with olfaction and audition. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3733–3753, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling of chromatic contrast for retrieval of wallpaper images
Authors: Gao Xiaohong W. , Wang Yuanlei , Qian Yu , Gao Alice 
Published: May 2014

AbstractColour remains one of the key factors in presenting an object and, consequently, has been widely applied in retrieval of images based on their visual contents. However, a colour appearance changes with the change of viewing surroundings, the phenomenon that has not been paid attention yet while performing colour‐based image retrieval. To comprehend this effect, in this article, a chromatic contrast model, CAMcc, is developed for the application of retrieval of colour intensive images, cementing the gap that most of existing colour models lack to fill by taking simultaneous colour contrast into account. Subsequently, the model is applied to the retrieval task on a collection of museum wallpapers of colour‐rich images. In comparison with current popular colour models including CIECAM02, HSI and RGB, with respect to both foreground and background colours, CAMcc appears to outperform the others with retrieved results being closer to query images. In addition, CAMcc focuses more on foreground colours, especially by maintaining the balance between both foreground and background colours, while the rest of existing models take on dominant colours that are perceived the most, usually background tones. Significantly, the contribution of the investigation lies in not only the improvement of the accuracy of colour‐based image retrieval but also the development of colour contrast model that warrants an important place in colour and computer vision theory, leading to deciphering the insight of this age‐old topic of chromatic contrast in colour science. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 361–373, 2015
Synthesis of TeO2 nanowires via a facile thermal oxidation method
Authors: Yan Chang Zeng , Kang Dae Joon 
Published: May 2014

TeO2 is of considerable interest for piezoelectric, ther‐moelectric, acousto‐optic and nonlinear optical applica‐tions. In this work, we report a facile synthetic tech‐nique for obtaining high‐quality TeO2 nanowires (NWs) via a thermal oxidation of Te NWs in a large quantity. The synthetic conditions were systematically optimized to transform from Te NWs to TeO2 NWs using a furnace oven. The optimal conditions for the formation of high‐quality TeO2 NWs were found to be 300 °C for 1 hr in an oven furnace. The NWs were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron mi‐croscopy, high resolution transmission electron micros‐copy and Raman scattering. Diffuse reflectance spec‐trum was also used to determine the band gap (3.78 eV) of synthesized TeO2 NWs.
Puberty and the manifestations of loss of control eating in children and adolescents
Authors: Vannucci Anna , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Ranzenhofer Lisa M. , Kelly Nichole R. , Hannallah Louise M. , Pickworth C. Katie , Grygorenko Mariya V. , Brady Sheila M. , Condarco Tania A. , Kozlosky Merel , Demidowich Andrew P. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Shomaker Lauren B. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe investigated the manifestations of pediatric loss of control (LOC) eating at different stages of pubertal development.MethodParticipants were a nonclinical sample of 468 youth (8–17 years). Physical examination determined pubertal stage. LOC eating and disordered eating attitudes were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination. In a randomized crossover design, a subset (n = 244) ate ad libitum from two test meals designed to capture normal and LOC eating.ResultsThere were no differences in the prevalence rates or frequency of reported LOC eating episodes across pubertal stages (ps ≥ 0.50). There were, however, puberty by LOC eating interactions in disordered eating attitudes and palatable food consumption (ps ≤ .05), even after adjusting for age and body composition. LOC eating was associated with elevated global disordered eating attitudes, weight concern, and shape concern in post‐pubertal youth (ps ≤ .001), but not pre‐pubertal youth (ps ≥ .49). In late‐puberty, youth with LOC eating consumed less energy from protein (p < .001) and more from carbohydrate (p = .003) and snack‐type foods (p = .02) than those without LOC eating, whereas endorsement of LOC eating in pre‐ or early‐to‐mid‐puberty was not associated with differences in eating behavior (ps ≥ 0.20).ConclusionsFindings suggest that puberty may be a critical risk period, when LOC eating behaviors in boys and girls may become accompanied by greater weight and shape concerns and more obesogenic food consumption patterns. Interventions for LOC eating during pre‐puberty should be evaluated to determine if they are particularly beneficial for the prevention of exacerbated eating disorder psychopathology and adverse weight outcomes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:738–747)
Association between eating disorders and migraine may be explained by major depression
Authors: Mustelin Linda , Raevuori Anu , Kaprio Jaakko , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe association between eating disorders and migraine remains unclear.MethodWe identified women with lifetime diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) (N = 55) and bulimia nervosa (BN) (N = 60) and their co‐twins from the FinnTwin16 cohort born in 1975–1979 (N = 2,825 women). Eating disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnoses were obtained from clinical interviews and data on migraine by self‐report questionnaire. The women with eating disorders were compared with their unaffected co‐twins and with unrelated women from the same birth cohorts.ResultsThe prevalence of migraine was 12% in the general female population, but 22% for both AN and BN (odds ratio 2.0, p = .04). The prevalence of MDD was high in women with an eating disorder (42%). MDD was strongly associated with migraine (odds ratio 3.0, p < .0001) and explained the association between eating disorders and migraine. The highest migraine prevalence (36%) was found in women with both an eating disorder and MDD. Pairwise twin analyses also supported the clustering of migraine, MDD and eating disorders.DiscussionWomen with a lifetime diagnosis of an eating disorder were twice as likely to report a history of migraine as unrelated women from the same cohort; this relationship was explained by comorbid MDD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:884–887)
Operator bias in software‐aided bat call identification
Authors: Fritsch Georg , Bruckner Alexander 
Published: May 2014

SummarySoftware‐aided identification facilitates the handling of large sets of bat call recordings, which is particularly useful in extensive acoustic surveys with several collaborators. Species lists are generated by “objective” automated classification. Subsequent validation consists of removing any species not believed to be present. So far, very little is known about the identification bias introduced by individual validation of operators with varying degrees of experience. Effects on the quality of the resulting data may be considerable, especially for bat species that are difficult to identify acoustically. Using the batcorder system as an example, we compared validation results from 21 volunteer operators with 1–26 years of experience of working on bats. All of them validated identical recordings of bats from eastern Austria. The final outcomes were individual validated lists of plausible species. A questionnaire was used to enquire about individual experience and validation procedures. In the course of species validation, the operators reduced the software's estimate of species richness. The most experienced operators accepted the smallest percentage of species from the software's output and validated conservatively with low interoperator variability. Operators with intermediate experience accepted the largest percentage, with larger variability. Sixty‐six percent of the operators, mainly with intermediate and low levels of experience, reintroduced species to their validated lists which had been identified by the automated classification, but were finally excluded from the unvalidated lists. These were, in many cases, rare and infrequently recorded species. The average dissimilarity of the validated species lists dropped with increasing numbers of recordings, tending toward a level of ˜20%. Our results suggest that the operators succeeded in removing false positives and that they detected species that had been wrongly excluded during automated classification. Thus, manual validation of the software's unvalidated output is indispensable for reasonable results. However, although application seems easy, software‐aided bat call identification requires an advanced level of operator experience. Identification bias during validation is a major issue, particularly in studies with more than one participant. Measures should be taken to standardize the validation process and harmonize the results of different operators.