bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denudation and retreat of the Serra do Mar escarpment in southern Brazil derived from in situ‐produced 10Be concentration in river sediment
Authors: Salgado André A. R. , Marent Breno R. , Cherem Luís F. S. , Bourlès Didier , Santos Leonardo J. C. , Braucher Régis , Barreto Helen N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Serra do Mar escarpment, located along the southeastern coast of Brazil, is a high‐elevation passive margin escarpment. This escarpment evolved from the denudation of granites, migmatites and gneisses. The granites outcrop in the form of a ridge along the escarpment crest, due to its differential erosion (‘sugarloaf’ hills) from the surrounding lithologies. Several studies suggest that the passive margin escarpments are actively retreating toward the interior of the continent. However, no prior study has calculated the long‐term denudation rates of Serra do Mar to test this hypothesis. In this study, we measured the in situ‐produced 10Be concentration in fluvial sediments to quantify the catchment‐wide long‐term denudation rates of the Serra do Mar escarpment in southern Brazil. We sampled the fluvial sediments from ten watersheds that drain both sides of the escarpment. The average long‐term denudation rate of the oceanic side is between 2.1‐ and 2.6‐fold higher than the rate of the continental side: 26.04 ± 1.88 mm ka‐1 (integrating over between 15.8 ka‐1 and 46.6 ka‐1) and 11.10 ± 0.37 mm ka‐1 (integrating over between 52.9 ka‐1 and 85.4 ka‐1), respectively. These rates indicate that the coastal base level is controlling the escarpment retreat toward the continental high lands, which is consistent with observations made at other high‐elevation passive margins around the globe. The results also demonstrate the differential erosion along the Serra do Mar escarpment in southern Brazil during the Quaternary, where drainages over granites had lower average denudation rates in comparison with those over migmatites and gneisses. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the ocean‐facing catchments have been eroded more intensely than those facing the continent. The results also reveal that drainage over the granites decreases the average denudation rates of the ocean‐facing catchments and the ‘sugarloaf’ hills therefore are natural barriers that slowly retreat once they are exhumed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encore: Genetic Association Interaction Network Centrality Pipeline and Application to SLE Exome Data
Authors: Davis Nicholas A. , Lareau Caleb A. , White Bill C. , Pandey Ahwan , Wiley Graham , Montgomery Courtney G. , Gaffney Patrick M. , McKinney B. A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOpen source tools are needed to facilitate the construction, analysis, and visualization of gene‐gene interaction networks for sequencing data. To address this need, we present Encore, an open source network analysis pipeline for genome‐wide association studies and rare variant data. Encore constructs Genetic Association Interaction Networks or epistasis networks using two optional approaches: our previous information‐theory method or a generalized linear model approach. Additionally, Encore includes multiple data filtering options, including Random Forest/Random Jungle for main effect enrichment and Evaporative Cooling and Relief‐F filters for enrichment of interaction effects. Encore implements SNPrank network centrality for identifying susceptibility hubs (nodes containing a large amount of disease susceptibility information through the combination of multivariate main effects and multiple gene‐gene interactions in the network), and it provides appropriate files for interactive visualization of a network using tools from our online Galaxy instance. We implemented these algorithms in C++ using OpenMP for shared‐memory parallel analysis on a server or desktop. To demonstrate Encore's utility in analysis of genetic sequencing data, we present an analysis of exome resequencing data from healthy individuals and those with Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE). Our results verify the importance of the previously associated SLE genesHLA‐DRBandNCF2, and these two genes had the highest gene‐gene interaction degrees among the susceptibility hubs. An additional 14 genes previously associated with SLE emerged in our epistasis network model of the exome data, and three novel candidate genes,ST8SIA4,CMTM4, andC2CD4B, were implicated in the model. In summary, we present a comprehensive tool for epistasis network analysis and the first such analysis of exome data from a genetic study of SLE.
Haplotype Kernel Association Test as a Powerful Method to Identify Chromosomal Regions Harboring Uncommon Causal Variants
Authors: Lin Wan‐Yu , Yi Nengjun , Lou Xiang‐Yang , Zhi Degui , Zhang Kui , Gao Guimin , Tiwari Hemant K. , Liu Nianjun 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFor most complex diseases, the fraction of heritability that can be explained by the variants discovered from genome‐wide association studies is minor. Although the so‐called “rare variants” (minor allele frequency [MAF] < 1%) have attracted increasing attention, they are unlikely to account for much of the “missing heritability” because very few people may carry these rare variants. The genetic variants that are likely to fill in the “missing heritability” include uncommon causal variants (MAF < 5%), which are generally untyped in association studies using tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or commercial SNP arrays. Developing powerful statistical methods can help to identify chromosomal regions harboring uncommon causal variants, while bypassing the genome‐wide or exome‐wide next‐generation sequencing. In this work, we propose a haplotype kernel association test (HKAT) that is equivalent to testing the variance component of random effects for distinct haplotypes. With an appropriate weighting scheme given to haplotypes, we can further enhance the ability ofHKATto detect uncommon causal variants. With scenarios simulated according to the population genetics theory,HKATis shown to be a powerful method for detecting chromosomal regions harboring uncommon causal variants.
Sea‐state‐dependent wind work on the oceanic general circulation
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Perrie William 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe examine sea‐state‐dependent wind work on the oceanic general circulation, using a wave hindcast dataset, QuikSCAT winds, and geostrophic and total ocean surface currents from (1) AVISO and (2) ECCO2 model products. For wind work on surface geostrophic currents estimated from AVISO or ECCO2, sea‐state‐dependent wind stress increases an average of 24% (0.17TW) or 23% (0.15TW), compared with estimates that exclude sea state effects. For wind work on the total surface currents, the sea‐state‐dependent wind stress increases the wind work by about 24% (0.4TW). In terms of spatial distribution, the increase in wind power input occurs mainly in high‐wind tropical regions and the mid‐latitude storm track regions, like the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, where the relatively rough ocean surface is characterized by young waves and high winds. By comparison, in some regions with relatively low winds and mature ocean waves, there is a slight reduction in estimated wind power input.
Exploring the impacts of personal factors on self‐leadership in a hospital setting
Authors: Ugurluoglu Ozgur , Saygılı Meltem , Ozer Ozlem , Santas Fatih 
Published: June 2013

SummarySelf‐leadership may be defined as a self‐effecting process that individuals experience by maintaining the motivation they require for fulfilling their roles and duties. The self‐leadership process comprises three key strategies: behaviour‐oriented strategies, natural reward strategies and constructive thought pattern strategies. What is intended herein is to inquire about the implementation of self‐leadership within organisations and to examine the effects of such variables as age, gender, total terms of employment, marital status and education on self‐leadership strategies. The primary data collection instrument was a survey distributed to 450 personnel working at a state hospital in Kırıkkale, Turkey, and feedback thereto was received from 308 (68.4%) of those surveyed. As a result of the findings taken from the analyses, age, total terms of employment and receipt of education in leadership affect the use of self‐leadership strategies. Although age and total terms of employment display a negative‐directional correlation with the self‐leadership strategies, female employees and those who receive education in leadership are more inclined towards self‐leadership strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled groundwater flow and heat transport simulation for estimating transient aquifer–stream exchange at the lowland River Spree (Germany)
Authors: Nützmann Gunnar , Levers Christian , Lewandowski Jörg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSubsurface flow and heat transport near Freienbrink, NE Germany, was simulated in order to study groundwater–surface water exchange between a floodplains aquifer and a section of the lowland River Spree and an adjacent oxbow. Groundwater exfiltration was the dominant process, and only fast surface water level rises resulted in temporary infiltration into the aquifer. The main groundwater flow paths are identified based on a 3D groundwater flow model. To estimate mass fluxes across the aquifer–surface water interfaces, a 2D flow and heat transport modelling approach along a transect of 12 piezometers was performed. Results of steady‐state and transient water level simulations show an overall high accuracy with a Spearman coefficient ρ = 0.9996 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.008 m. Based on small groundwater flow velocities of about 10−7 to 10−6 ms−1, mean groundwater exfiltration rates of 233 l m−2 d−1 are calculated. Short periods of surface water infiltration into the aquifer do not exceed 10 days, and the infiltration rates are in the same range. The heat transport was modelled with slightly less accuracy (ρ = 0.8359 and RMSE = 0.34 °C). In contrast to the predominant groundwater exfiltration, surface water temperatures determine the calculated temperatures in the upper aquifer below both surface water bodies down to 10 m during the whole simulation period. These findings emphasize prevailing of heat conduction over advection in the upper aquifer zones, which seems to be typical for lowland streams with sandy aquifer materials and low hydraulic gradients. Moreover, this study shows the potential of coupled numerical flow and heat transport modelling to understand groundwater–surface water exchange processes in detail. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanopore‐Based Analysis of Chemically Modified DNA and Nucleic Acid Drug Targets
Authors: Larkin Joseph , Carson Spencer , Stoloff Daniel H. , Wanunu Meni 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNucleic acids are central figures in many of life’s key molecular processes, e.g., enzymatic activity, epigenetics/gene regulation, viral replication, aging, cancer, and other diseases. Over the past two decades, nanopores have emerged as a new tool for studying the properties of nucleic acids at the single‐molecule level. In this review, we summarize the use of nanopores as sensors of nucleic acid structure, particularly for studying chemically modified and damaged DNA, and for probing the interactions of small‐molecule drugs with nucleic acid targets.
Influence of chlorhexidine on dentin adhesive interface micromorphology and nanoleakage expression of resin cements
Authors: Scarabello Stape Thiago Henrique , Menezes Murilo De Sousa , Barreto Bruno De Castro Ferreira , Naves Lucas Zago , Baggio Aguiar Flávio Henrique , Quagliatto Paulo Sérgio , Marcondes Martins Luís Roberto 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis study focused on adhesive interface morphologic characterization and nanoleakage expression of resin cements bonded to human dentin pretreated with 1% chlorhexidine (CHX). Thirty‐two non‐carious human third molars were ground flat to expose superficial dentin. Resin composite blocks were luted to the exposed dentin using one conventional (RelyX ARC) and one self‐adhesive resin cement (RelyX U100), with/without CHX pretreatment. Four groups (n = 8) were obtained: control groups (ARC and U100); experimental groups (ARC/CHX and U100/CHX) were pretreated with 1% CHX prior to the luting process. After storage in water for 24 h, the bonded teeth were sectioned into 0.9 × 0.9 mm2 sticks producing a minimum of 12 sticks per tooth. Four sticks from each tooth were prepared for hybrid layer evaluation by scanning electron microscope analysis. The remaining sticks were immersed in silver nitrate for 24 h for either nanoleakage evaluation along the bonded interfaces or after rupture. Nanoleakage samples were carbon coated and examined using backscattered electron mode. Well‐established hybrid layers were observed in the groups luted with RelyX ARC. Nanoleakage evaluation revealed increase nanoleakage in groups treated with CHX for both resin cements. Group U100/CHX exhibited the most pronouncing nanoleakage expression along with porous zones adjacent to the CHX pretreated dentin. The results suggest a possible incompatibility between CHX and RelyX U100 that raises the concern that the use of CHX with self‐adhesive cements may adversely affect resin‐dentin bond. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:788–794, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precipitation extremes over the continental United States in a transient, high‐resolution, ensemble climate model experiment
Authors: Singh Deepti , Tsiang Michael , Rajaratnam Bala , Diffenbaugh Noah S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderstanding future changes in the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme events in response to increased greenhouse gas forcing is important for formulating adaptation and mitigation strategies that minimize damages to natural and human systems. We quantify transient changes in daily‐scale seasonal extreme precipitation events over the U.S. using a five‐member ensemble of nested, high‐resolution climate model simulations covering the 21st century in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. We find a strong drying trend in annual and seasonal precipitation over the Southwest in autumn, winter, and spring and over the central U.S. in summer. These changes are accompanied by statistically significant increases in dry‐day frequency and dry‐spell lengths. Our results also show substantial increases in the frequency of extreme wet events over the northwestern U.S. in autumn, winter, and spring and the eastern U.S. in spring and summer. In addition, the average precipitation intensity increases relative to the extreme precipitation intensity in all seasons and most regions, with the exception of the Southeast. Further, most regions receive a greater fraction of total seasonal precipitation from extreme events. These results imply fewer but heavier precipitation events in the future, leading to more frequent wet and dry extremes in most regions of the U.S. Our simulations suggest that many of these changes are likely to become statistically significant by the mid‐21st century. Given current vulnerabilities, such changes in extreme precipitation could be expected to increase stress on water resources in many areas of the U.S., including during the near‐term decades.
States of water, surface and rheological characterisation of a new biohydrogel as articular cartilage substitute
Authors: Leone Gemma , Bidini Alessandra , Lamponi Stefania , Magnani Agnese 
Published: June 2013

PVA based hydrogel was synthesised using, as crosslinking agent, trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and its morphology was modified inducing a microporous structure to obtain potential substitutes for cartilage tissue. The hydrogel was characterised by Infrared Spectroscopy combined with Time of flight mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) that confirmed the successful occurrence of crosslinking reaction, the hyphotised crosslinking arm and its homogeneous distribution.The mechanical spectra of the fully hydrated samples confirmed covalently crosslinked systems with a rheological behaviour similar to that of tibial cartilage. Further analysis in terms of water content measurements, thermal stability and cytotoxicity confirmed the applicability of such a hydrogel as cartilage substitute. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective childhood cancer treatment: The impact of large scale clinical trials in Germany and Austria
Authors: Rossig C. , Juergens H. , Schrappe M. , Moericke A. , Henze G. , von Stackelberg A. , Reinhardt D. , Burkhardt B. , Woessmann W. , Zimmermann M. , Gadner H. , Mann G. , Schellong G. , Mauz‐Koerholz C. , Dirksen U. , Bielack S. , Berthold F. , Graf N. , Rutkowski S. , Calaminus G. , Kaatsch P. , Creutzig U. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn Germany and Austria, more than 90% of pediatric cancer patients are enrolled into nationwide disease‐specific first‐line clinical trials or interim registries. Essential components are a pediatric cancer registry and centralized reference laboratories, imaging review, and tumor board assistance. The five‐year overall survival rate in countries where such infrastructures are established has improved from <20% before 1950 to >80% since 1995. Today, treatment intensity is tailored to the individual patient's risk to provide the highest chances of survival while minimizing deleterious late effects. Multicenter clinical trials are internationalized and serve as platforms for further improvements by novel drugs and biologicals. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1574–1581. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of a Generic Quantitative 1H NMR Method for Natural Products Analysis
Authors: Gödecke Tanja , Napolitano José G. , Rodríguez‐Brasco María F. , Chen Shao‐Nong , Jaki Birgit U. , Lankin David C. , Pauli Guido F. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is increasingly employed in the quantitative analysis and quality control (QC) of natural products (NP) including botanical dietary supplements (BDS). The establishment of QC protocols based on quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) requires method validation.ObjectiveDevelop and validate a generic qHNMR method. Optimize acquisition and processing parameters, with specific attention to the requirements for the analysis of complex NP samples, including botanicals and purity assessment of NP isolates.MethodsIn order to establish the validated qHNMR method, samples containing two highly pure reference materials were used. The influence of acquisition and processing parameters on the method validation was examined, and general aspects of method validation of qHNMR methods discussed. Subsequently, the method established was applied to the analysis of two NP samples: a purified reference compound and a crude mixture.ResultsThe accuracy and precision of qHNMR using internal or external calibration were compared, using a validated method suitable for complex samples. The impact of post‐acquisition processing on method validation was examined using three software packages: TopSpin, Mnova and NUTS. The dynamic range of the qHNMR method developed was 5000:1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of better than 10 µm. The limit of quantification (LOQ) depends on the desired level of accuracy and experiment time spent.ConclusionThis study revealed that acquisition parameters, processing parameters and processing software all contribute to qHNMR method validation. A validated method with a high dynamic range and general workflow for qHNMR analysis of NP is proposed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online audit and feedback improve fetal second‐trimester four‐chamber view images: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jaudi Suha , Granger Benjamin , Herpin Claire Nguyen , Fries Nicolas , Du Montcel Sophie Tezenas , Dommergues Marc 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe aimed to study the impact of online audit and feedback on fetal four‐chamber view image quality.MethodsUltrasonographers uploaded a set of four‐chamber views from 10 consecutive screening examinations and a second set 3 months later. They were randomised to receive (group A) or not (group B) a feedback for their first set. The primary outcome was the difference in image mean score and in percentage of inadequate images between the first set and the second set, comparing the groups with and without feedback.ResultsThere were 258 ultrasonographers who completed the trial (group A: 122; group B: 136), and 5160 images were audited. In both groups, the mean score increased. In group A, it rose from 17.0 to 18.5 (p < 0.0001), and in group, B from 17.6 to 18.3 (p < 0.0001). The improvement was greater in group A than in group B (1.5 vs 0.7, p = 0.0007). The mean percentage of inadequate images decreased in both groups. In group A, it dropped from 32% to 19% (p < 0.0001), and in group B, from 26% to 21% (p = 0.012). The decrease was greater in group A than in group B (13% vs 5%, p = 0.007).ConclusionsImage quality improved following online audit, the improvement being slightly greater with feedback. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of a Porous polymer by a catalyst‐free diels‐alder reaction and its structural modification by post‐reaction
Authors: Kim Hyungwoo , Choi Taejin , Cha Min Chul , Chang Ji Young 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA microporous polymer is prepared by a catalyst‐free Diels–Alder reaction. A cyclopentadiene with both a diene and a dienophile functionality and a dienophilic maleimide are used for the Diels–Alder reaction. 1,3,5‐Tris(bromomethyl)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzene is reacted with sodium cyclopentadienide to produce the multicyclopentadiene‐functionalized monomer. A crosslinked polymer (CDAP) is obtained by the reaction of the cyclopentadiene monomer with N,N′‐1,4‐phenylenedimaleimide. The thermal dissociation of the cyclopentadiene dimeric unit and the subsequent Diels–Alder reaction with the maleimide group are investigated by the model reaction. We are able to restructure the crosslinked polymer network by taking advantage of the thermal reversibility of the Diels–Alder linkage. After the post thermal treatment, the BET surface area of the polymer (CDAP‐T) is greatly increased from 317 to 1038 m2 g−1. CDAP‐T is functionalized with pyrene by bromination with N‐bromosuccinimide and the subsequent substitution reaction with aminopyrene. The adsorption property of the pyrene‐functionalized polymer for an aromatic dye is investigated using malachite green. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3646–3653