bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Reluctance for the Implantation of Right Donor Kidneys Justified?
Authors: Özdemir‐van Brunschot Denise M. D. , van Laarhoven Cees J. H. M. , van der Jagt Michel F. P. , Hoitsma Andries J. , Warlé Michiel C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe lengths of right renal veins are shorter when compared to their left counterparts. Since the implantation of kidneys with short renal veins is considered more challenging, many surgeons prefer left kidneys for transplantation. Therefore, our hypothesis is that the implantation of right kidneys from living and deceased donors is associated with more technical graft failures as compared to left kidneys.MethodsTwo consecutive cohorts of adult renal allograft recipients of living (n = 4.372) and deceased (n = 5.346) donor kidneys between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2013 were analyzed. Data were obtained from the prospectively maintained electronic database of the Dutch Organ Transplant Registry. Technical graft failure was defined as failure of the renal allograft within 10 days after renal transplantation without signs of acute rejection.ResultsIn the living donor kidney transplantation cohort, the implantation of right donor kidneys was associated with a higher incidence of technical graft failure (multivariate analysis p = 0.03). For recipients of deceased donor kidneys, the implantation of right kidneys was not significantly associated with technique‐related graft failure (multivariate analysis p = 0.16).ConclusionsOur data show that the implantation of right kidneys from living donors is associated with a higher incidence of technique‐related graft failure as compared to left kidneys.
How Do Quality‐of‐Life and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Differ Between Post‐cholecystectomy Patients and the Background Population?
Authors: Wanjura Viktor , Sandblom Gabriel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have indicated a correlation between indication for cholecystectomy and long‐term gastrointestinal quality‐of‐life (QoL). The aim of the present study was to compare QoL in a post‐cholecystectomy cohort with the background population and with historical controls.MethodsA post‐cholecystectomy study group (on average 4 years after cholecystectomy) was compared with a control group from the background population using the Gastrointestinal Quality‐of‐Life Index (GIQLI). EQ‐5D scores were compared with expected scores derived from recent historical data.ResultsThe post‐cholecystectomy study group (N = 451) had better QoL measured by the EQ‐5D compared with historical controls (p < 0.001), similar total GIQLI scores as the control group (N = 390), but scored worse on the GIQLI gastrointestinal symptoms subscale score (p < 0.001). The results include an item‐by‐item breakdown of the GIQLI questionnaire where the scores for diarrhea, bowel urgency, bloating, regurgitation, abdominal pain, flatus, fullness, nausea, uncontrolled stools, belching, heartburn, restricted eating, and bowel frequency were found to be significantly lower (i.e. worse) in the post‐cholecystectomy cohort than in the control group. The opposite was true for relationships, endurance, sexual life, physical strength, feeling fit, not being frustrated by illness, and being able to carry out leisure activities, i.e. items related to general performance and well‐being.ConclusionsIn this study, QoL after cholecystectomy was good, but there was an increased prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms compared to the background population.
Genome neighborhood network reveals insights into enediyne biosynthesis and facilitates prediction and prioritization for discovery
Authors: Rudolf Jeffrey D , Yan Xiaohui , Shen Ben 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The enediynes are one of the most fascinating families of bacterial natural products given their unprecedented molecular architecture and extraordinary cytotoxicity. Enediynes are rare with only 11 structurally characterized members and four additional members isolated in their cycloaromatized form. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have resulted in an explosion of microbial genomes. A virtual survey of the GenBank and JGI genome databases revealed 87 enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters from 78 bacteria strains, implying that enediynes are more common than previously thought. Here we report the construction and analysis of an enediyne genome neighborhood network (GNN) as a high-throughput approach to analyze secondary metabolite gene clusters. Analysis of the enediyne GNN facilitated rapid gene cluster annotation, revealed genetic trends in enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters resulting in a simple prediction scheme to determine 9- versus 10-membered enediyne gene clusters, and supported a genomic-based strain prioritization method for enediyne discovery.
Steel nitriding optimization through multi-objective and FEM analysis
Authors: Cavaliere Pasquale , Perrone Angelo , Silvello Alessio 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Steel nitriding is a thermo-chemical process leading to surface hardening and improvement in fatigue properties. The process is strongly influenced by many different variables such as steel composition, nitrogen potential, temperature, time, and quenching media. In the present study, the influence of such parameters affecting physic-chemical and mechanical properties of nitride steels was evaluated. The aim was to streamline the process by numerical–experimental analysis allowing defining the optimal conditions for the success of the process. Input parameters–output results correlations were calculated through the employment of a multi-objective optimization software, modeFRONTIER (Esteco). The mechanical and microstructural results belonging to the nitriding process, performed with different processing conditions for various steels, are presented. The data were employed to obtain the analytical equations describing nitriding behavior as a function of nitriding parameters and steel composition. The obtained model was validated, through control designs, and optimized by taking into account physical and processing conditions.
Highlights The paper shows the development of a model based on very broad experimental activity. The data were employed to provide a provisional tool for nitrided steel mechanical and microstructural behavior. A very good experimental–numerical correlation was found.
Comparison of duplicate portion and 24 h recall as reference methods for validating a FFQ using urinary markers as the estimate of true intake
Authors: Trijsburg Laura , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , Boshuizen Hendriek C. , Hulshof Paul J. M. , Hollman Peter C. H. , van 't Veer Pieter , Geelen Anouk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAs FFQ are subject to measurement error, associations between self-reported intake by FFQ and outcome measures should be adjusted by correction factors obtained from a validation study. Whether the correction is adequate depends on the characteristics of the reference method used in the validation study. Preferably, reference methods should (1) be unbiased and (2) have uncorrelated errors with those in the FFQ. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of the duplicate portion (DP) technique as a reference method and compare its validity with that of a commonly used reference method, the 24 h recall (24hR), for protein, K and Na using urinary markers as the unbiased reference method. For 198 subjects, two DP, two FFQ, two urinary biomarkers and between one and fifteen 24hR (web based and/or telephone based) were collected within 1·5 years. Multivariate measurement error models were used to estimate bias, error correlations between FFQ and DP or 24hR, and attenuation factors of these methods. The DP was less influenced by proportional scaling bias (0·58 for protein, 0·72 for K and 0·52 for Na), and correlated errors between DP and FFQ were lowest (protein 0·28, K 0·17 and Na 0·19) compared with the 24hR. Attenuation factors (protein 0·74, K 0·54 and Na 0·43) also indicated that the DP performed better than the 24hR. Therefore, the DP is probably the best available reference method for FFQ validation for nutrients that currently have no generally accepted recovery biomarker.
A case of subglottic tumour presenting with type 2 respiratory failure
Authors: Egro F M , Sharma S , Baldwin D 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:Although type 2 respiratory failure is a plausible late presentation for laryngeal tumours, very little published literature is available to support this theory.Methods:This paper describes the unusual presentation of a subglottic tumour with uncompensated type 2 respiratory failure.Results:The patient was initially managed with biphasic positive airway pressure as a bridging measure while awaiting intensive care treatment and to provide sufficient time to arrange a surgical tracheostomy.Conclusion:This case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion towards subglottic tumours in patients presenting with type 2 respiratory failure. The positive outcome indicates that biphasic positive airway pressure is a potential bridging therapy for upper airway obstruction and a safe and stable treatment option for patients in respiratory distress.
Spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal and adult tree distributions:Genipa americanadispersed byCebus capucinus
Authors: Valenta Kim , Hopkins Mariah E. , Meeking Melanie , Chapman Colin A. , Fedigan Linda M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract:The spatial distribution of adult trees is typically not expected to reflect the spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal, due to many factors influencing post-dispersal modification of the seed shadow, such as seed predation, secondary seed dispersal and density-dependent survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that spatial distributions of primary seed shadows and adult trees are concordant by analysing the spatial distributions of adultGenipa americanatrees and the seed shadow produced by its key primary disperser, the capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We mapped the dispersal ofG. americanaseeds by the capuchins during focal animal follows (mean = 463 min,n= 50) of all adults in one free-ranging group over two early wet seasons (May–July, 2005 and 2006). We mapped the locations of allG. americanatrees within a 60-ha plot that lay within the home range of the capuchin group. We conducted multiple spatial point pattern analyses comparing degrees of clustering of capuchin defecations andG. americanatrees. We found that adult tree distributions and primary dispersal patterns are similarly aggregated at multiple spatial scales, despite the modification of the primary dispersal patterns and long dispersal distances.
Screening of tropical isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for virulence to the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Authors: Dotaona Ronnie , Wilson Bree A.L. , Stevens Mark M. , Holloway Joanne , Ash Gavin J. 
Published: August 2015

The sweet potato weevil (SPW),Cylas formicarius, is a serious pest of sweet potato in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Ten strains ofMetarhiziumsp. isolated from Australian soil samples were evaluated for their growth characteristics and screened for virulence to adult SPW under laboratory conditions. All isolates except QD62 (48.6%) had moderate to high germination (66–97%), and all took 2 to 4 days to sporulate at 25 °C. The optimal temperature for radial growth for the majority of isolates was 30 °C, and there was a significant interaction between isolate and temperature (P&lt; 0.05). Isolate QS155 showed the fastest radial growth at 30 °C. The internal transcribed spacer sequences showed slight variations among the isolates; however, all isolates were shown to beMetarhizium anisopliae. Isolates varied greatly in their virulence. At 10 days after inoculation (DAI) by immersion in a suspension of 1 × 107conidia/ml, 9 of the 10 isolates were virulent, causing 80–100% mortality of adult SPW. Only two isolates (QS001-6 and QS155) caused more than 50% mortality at 5 DAI. In dose-mortality bioassays, isolate QS155 had the lowest 20-day LC50and LC90values; however, there were no statistically significant differences in mortality among the three most promising isolates tested (QD66, QS001-6 and QS155). These results show thatM. anisopliaeisolate QS155 has potential as a microbial control agent for SPW, and that further evaluation under glasshouse and field conditions is warranted.
Factors associated with an increased risk of vertebral fracture in monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance
Authors: Piot J M , Royer M , Schmidt-Tanguy A , Hoppé E , Gardembas M , Bourrée T , Hunault M , François S , Boyer F , Ifrah N , Renier G , Chevailler A , Audran M , Chappard D , Libouban H , Mabilleau G , Legrand E , Bouvard B 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of fractures. This study describes prospectively the bone status of MGUS patients and determines the factors associated with vertebral fracture. We included prospectively 201 patients with MGUS, incidentally discovered, and with no known history of osteoporosis: mean age 66.6±12.5 years, 48.3% women, 51.7% immunoglobulin G (IgG), 33.3% IgM and 10.4% IgA. Light chain was kappa in 64.2% patients. All patients had spinal radiographs and bone mineral density measurement in addition to gammopathy assessment. At least one prevalent non-traumatic vertebral fracture was discovered in 18.4% patients and equally distributed between men and women. Fractured patients were older, had a lower bone density and had also more frequently a lambda light chain isotype. Compared with patients with κ light chain, the odds ratio of being fractured for patients with λ light chain was 4.32 (95% confidence interval 1.80–11.16;P=0.002). These results suggest a high prevalence of non-traumatic vertebral fractures in MGUS associated with lambda light chain isotype and not only explained by low bone density.
Integration of photonic nanojets and semiconductor nanoparticles for enhanced all-optical switching
Authors: Born Brandon , Krupa Jeffrey D. A. , Geoffroy-Gagnon Simon , Holzman Jonathan F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAll-optical switching is the foundation of emerging all-optical (terabit-per-second) networks and processors. All-optical switching has attracted considerable attention, but it must ultimately support operation with femtojoule switching energies and femtosecond switching times to be effective. Here we introduce an all-optical switch architecture in the form of a dielectric sphere that focuses a high-intensity photonic nanojet into a peripheral coating of semiconductor nanoparticles. Milli-scale spheres coated with Si and SiC nanoparticles yield switching energies of 200 and 100 fJ with switching times of 10 ps and 350 fs, respectively. Micro-scale spheres coated with Si and SiC nanoparticles yield switching energies of 1 pJ and 20 fJ with switching times of 2 ps and 270 fs, respectively. We show that femtojoule switching energies are enabled by localized photoinjection from the photonic nanojets and that femtosecond switching times are enabled by localized recombination within the semiconductor nanoparticles.
Robust light transport in non-Hermitian photonic lattices
Authors: Longhi Stefano , Gatti Davide , Valle Giuseppe Della 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCombating the effects of disorder on light transport in micro- and nano-integrated photonic devices is of major importance from both fundamental and applied viewpoints. In ordinary waveguides, imperfections and disorder cause unwanted back-reflections, which hinder large-scale optical integration. Topological photonic structures, a new class of optical systems inspired by quantum Hall effect and topological insulators, can realize robust transport via topologically-protected unidirectional edge modes. Such waveguides are realized by the introduction of synthetic gauge fields for photons in a two-dimensional structure, which break time reversal symmetry and enable one-way guiding at the edge of the medium. Here we suggest a different route toward robust transport of light in lower-dimensional (1D) photonic lattices, in which time reversal symmetry is broken because of the non-Hermitian nature of transport. While a forward propagating mode in the lattice is amplified, the corresponding backward propagating mode is damped, thus resulting in an asymmetric transport insensitive to disorder or imperfections in the structure. Non-Hermitian asymmetric transport can occur in tight-binding lattices with an imaginary gauge field via a non-Hermitian delocalization transition and in periodically-driven superlattices. The possibility to observe non-Hermitian delocalization is suggested using an engineered coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) structure.
Peculiarity of Two Thermodynamically-Stable Morphologies and Their Impact on the Efficiency of Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Herath Nuradhika , Das Sanjib , Keum Jong K. , Zhu Jiahua , Kumar Rajeev , Ivanov Ilia N. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Browning James F. , Xiao Kai , Gu Gong , Joshi Pooran , Smith Sean , Lauter Valeria 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStructural characteristics of the active layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices play a critical role in charge generation, separation and transport. Here we report on morphology and structural control of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM films by means of thermal annealing and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) solvent additive processing and correlate it to the device performance. By combining surface imaging with nanoscale depth-sensitive neutron reflectometry (NR) and X-ray diffraction, three-dimensional morphologies of the films are reconstituted with information extending length scales from nanometers to microns. DIO promotes the formation of a well-mixed donor-acceptor vertical phase morphology with a large population of small p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 nanocrystals arranged in an elongated domain network of the film, thereby enhancing the device performance. In contrast, films without DIO exhibit three-sublayer vertical phase morphology with phase separation in agglomerated domains. Our findings are supported by thermodynamic description based on the Flory-Huggins theory with quantitative evaluation of pairwise interaction parameters that explain the morphological changes resulting from thermal and solvent treatments. Our study reveals that vertical phase morphology of small-molecule based OPVs is significantly different from polymer-based systems. The significant enhancement of morphology and information obtained from theoretical modeling may aid in developing an optimized morphology to enhance device performance for OPVs.
Superfluidity and Chaos in low dimensional circuits
Authors: Arwas Geva , Vardi Amichay , Cohen Doron 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe hallmark of superfluidity is the appearance of “vortex states” carrying a quantized metastable circulating current. Considering a unidirectional flow of particles in a ring, at first it appears that any amount of scattering will randomize the velocity, as in the Drude model and eventually the ergodic steady state will be characterized by a vanishingly small fluctuating current. However, Landau and followers have shown that this is not always the case. If elementary excitations (e.g. phonons) have higher velocity than that of the flow, simple kinematic considerations imply metastability of the vortex state: the energy of the motion cannot dissipate into phonons. On the other hand if this Landau criterion is violated the circulating current can decay. Below we show that the standard Landau and Bogoliubov superfluidity criteria fail in low-dimensional circuits. Proper determination of the superfluidity regime-diagram must account for the crucial role of chaos, an ingredient missing from the conventional stability analysis. Accordingly, we find novel types of superfluidity, associated with irregular or chaotic or breathing vortex states.
Efficient and accurate treatment of electron correlations with Correlation Matrix Renormalization theory
Authors: Yao Y. X. , Liu J. , Liu C. , Lu W. C. , Wang C. Z. , Ho K. M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present an efficient method for calculating the electronic structure and total energy of strongly correlated electron systems. The method extends the traditional Gutzwiller approximation for one-particle operators to the evaluation of the expectation values of two particle operators in the many-electron Hamiltonian. The method is free of adjustable Coulomb parameters and has no double counting issues in the calculation of total energy and has the correct atomic limit. We demonstrate that the method describes well the bonding and dissociation behaviors of the hydrogen and nitrogen clusters, as well as the ammonia composed of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms. We also show that the method can satisfactorily tackle great challenging problems faced by the density functional theory recently discussed in the literature. The computational workload of our method is similar to the Hartree-Fock approach while the results are comparable to high-level quantum chemistry calculations.
The inhibitory effects of AR/miR-190a/YB-1 negative feedback loop on prostate cancer and underlying mechanism
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Wang Tao , Song Wen , Jiang Tao , Zhang Feng , Yin Yu , Jiang Shi-Wen , Wu Kongming , Yu Zuoren , Wang Chenguang , Chen Ke 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProstate cancer at advanced stages including metastatic and castration-resistant cancer remains incurable due to the lack of effective therapies. MiR-190a belongs to the small noncoding RNA family and has an important role in breast cancer metastasis. However, it is still unknown whether miR-190a plays a role in prostate cancer development. Herein, we first observed AR/miR-190a/YB-1 forms an auto-regulatory negative feedback loop in prostate cancer: miR-190a expression was down-regulated by AR activation; YB-1 functions are as an AR activator; miR-190a inhibited AR expression and transactivation through direct binding to 3′UTR of YB-1 gene. MiR-190a contributes the human prostate cancer cell growth through AR-dependent signaling. Moreover, we examined the expression of miR-190a and observed a significant decrease in human prostate cancers. Reduced expression of miR-190a was inversely correlated to AR levels of prostate cancer patients and patients with higher miR-190a expression in their tumor have improved tumor-free survival. Taken together, our findings identified a biochemical and functional link between miR-190a with reduced expression in advanced prostate cancer, YB-1 and AR signaling in prostate cancer.
Ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction revealing the nonthermal dynamics of near-UV photoexcitation-induced amorphization in Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Hada Masaki , Oba Wataru , Kuwahara Masashi , Katayama Ikufumi , Saiki Toshiharu , Takeda Jun , Nakamura Kazutaka G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBecause of their robust switching capability, chalcogenide glass materials have been used for a wide range of applications, including optical storages devices. These phase transitions are achieved by laser irradiation via thermal processes. Recent studies have suggested the potential of nonthermal phase transitions in the chalcogenide glass material Ge2Sb2Te5 triggered by ultrashort optical pulses; however, a detailed understanding of the amorphization and damage mechanisms governed by nonthermal processes is still lacking. Here we performed ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction and single-shot optical pump-probe measurements followed by femtosecond near-ultraviolet pulse irradiation to study the structural dynamics of polycrystalline Ge2Sb2Te5. The experimental results present a nonthermal crystal-to-amorphous phase transition of Ge2Sb2Te5 initiated by the displacements of Ge atoms. Above the fluence threshold, we found that the permanent amorphization caused by multi-displacement effects is accompanied by a partial hexagonal crystallization.