bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between social determinants of health and functional dentition in 35‐year‐old to 44‐year‐old Brazilian adults: a population‐based analytical study
Authors: Chalub Loliza Luiz Figueiredo Houri , Borges Carolina Marques , Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Haddad João Paulo Amaral , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo verify the association between functional dentition and social determinants of health in 35‐year‐old to 44‐year‐old adults residing in the metropolitan municipalities of Minas Gerais, Brazil.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study assessed a sample of 850 adults obtained using a cluster sampling scheme. Five of 33 municipalities were randomly selected, followed by the random selection of census tracts and neighborhood blocks. Every household in the randomly selected blocks was visited and every resident adult was interviewed and examined by five previously calibrated researchers (κinter, 0.8–0.9; κintra, 0.8–1.0) between May and December 2010. The condition of the dental crown was recorded using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, with the exception of the third molars. The dependent variable functional dentition was defined as the presence of 20 or more teeth in the mouth and obtained by counting the number of teeth lost due to any reason, followed by subtraction of this number from the total of 28 teeth. Independent variables were grouped, according to a theoretical model adapted from those proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead and Petersen, into distal factors (contextual, socioeconomic, and housing conditions), intermediate factors (availability and use of oral health services), and proximal factors (lifestyle, risk behaviors, and demographic conditions). The association between functional dentition and the independent variables was investigated using simple and multiple Poisson regression with robust variance, which followed a modeling strategy in accordance with the hierarchy outlined by the theoretical model. The analyses were processed on SPSS 17.0.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 39.4 ± 3.2 years, and the average per capita monthly family income was US$214.52 ± 261.11. Most adults presented functional dentition (80.6%; 95% CI: 77.3–83.5). Independently of marital status, age group and sex, the prevalence ratio (PR) of subjects with a per capita monthly family income ≥US$168.54 was 1.09 (P = 0.048); the PR of adults with at least an undergraduate degree was 1.14 (P = 0.001), and the PR of the participants who most often used a dental service other than a public service supplementary healthcare plan or private service was 1.13 (P = 0.021). The prevalence of functional dentition was 17% higher among nonsmokers (P = 0.012) and 16% higher among those who used dental floss (P = 0.006).ConclusionsIncome, education, type of dental service most often used, lifestyle, risk behaviors and demographic conditions are distal, intermediate and proximal social determinants of health associated with functional dentition in adults, demonstrating the need for public policies aimed to promoting oral health including intersectoral actions.
Primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients: clinical implications and target therapy
Authors: Papanastasiou Labrini , Markou Athina , Pappa Theodora , Gouli Aggeliki , Tsounas Panagiotis , Fountoulakis Stelios , Kounadi Theodora , Tsiama Vasiliki , Dasou Aikaterini , Gryparis Alexandros , Samara Christianna , Zografos George , Kaltsas Gregory , Chrousos George , Piaditis George 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) in hypertensive patients varies according to diagnostic testing and ascertained normal cut‐offs. The aim of this case–control study was to confirm the high prevalence of PA in a large hypertensive population and evaluate the antihypertensive effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) treatment.Material and methodsWe investigated 327 hypertensive and 90 matched normotensive subjects with normal adrenal imaging. Serum aldosterone (ALD), active renin (REN) levels and aldosterone/active renin (ALD/REN) ratio were measured before and after a combined sodium chloride, fludrocortisone and dexamethasone suppression test (FDST). Post‐FDST values were compared to cut‐offs obtained from controls (post‐FDST ALD 2·96 ng/dL and post‐FDST ALD/REN 0·93 ng/dL/μU/mL). PA patients received MRA treatment.ResultsBy applying the combination of post‐FDST ALD levels and ALD/REN ratio, 28·7% of the hypertensive patients had PA. There was a positive, albeit weak, correlation between systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and ALD levels and/or ALD/REN ratio after the FDST (P < 0·0001). SBP was associated with a post‐FDST ALD of 3·24 ng/dL and ALD/REN ratio of 0·90 ng/dL/μU/mL, whereas post‐FDST ALD had an inverse association at serum K+ values of less than 3·9 mEq/L. MRA treatment in 69 PA patients, resulted in a significant reduction in the maximum SBP and DBP values (28 ± 15 and 14 ± 7 mmHg, respectively, P < 0·0001).ConclusionsUsing the FDST, an increased prevalence of PA in hypertensives was observed. Α significant blood pressure lowering effect was obtained with MRA treatment, implying that these agents may be beneficial in a significant number of hypertensive patients.
Nitric oxide is necessary for labilization of a consolidated context memory during reconsolidation in terrestrial snails
Authors: Balaban Pavel M. , Roshchin Matvey , Timoshenko Alia K. , Gainutdinov Khalil L. , Bogodvid Tatiana K. , Muranova Lyudmila N. , Zuzina Alena B. , Korshunova Tatiana A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is known to be involved in associative memory formation. We investigated the influence of blocking NO function on the reconsolidation of context memory in terrestrial snails (Helix lucorum L.). After a 10 day session of electric shocks in one context only, context memory in snails was observed in test sessions as the significant difference of amplitudes of withdrawal responses to tactile stimuli in two different contexts. After a 1 day rest, a session of ‘reminding’ was performed, preceded by injection in different groups of the snails with either vehicle or combination of the protein synthesis blocker anisomycin (ANI) with one of the following drugs: the NO scavenger carboxy‐PTIO, the NO‐synthase inhibitors N‐omega‐nitro‐L‐arginin, nitroindazole and NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, or the NO donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐DL‐penicillamine. Testing the context memory at different time intervals after the reminder under ANI injection showed that the context memory was impaired at 24 h and later, whereas the reminder under combined injection of ANI and each of the NO‐synthase inhibitors used or the NO scavenger showed no impairment of long‐term context memory. Injection of the NO donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐DL‐penicillamine with or without reminder had no effect on context memory. The results obtained demonstrated that NO is necessary for labilization of a consolidated context memory.
Regional analysis of drought and heat impacts on forests: current and future science directions
Authors: Law Beverly E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAccurate assessments of forest response to current and future climate and human actions are needed at regional scales. Predicting future impacts on forests will require improved analysis of species‐level adaptation, resilience, and vulnerability to mortality. Land system models can be enhanced by creating trait‐based groupings of species that better represent climate sensitivity, such as risk of hydraulic failure from drought. This emphasizes the need for more coordinated in situ and remote sensing observations to track changes in ecosystem function, and to improve model inputs, spatio‐temporal diagnosis, and predictions of future conditions, including implications of actions to mitigate climate change.
Long‐Term Outcome, Complications and Disease Progression in 23 Dogs After Placement of Tracheal Ring Prostheses for Treatment of Extrathoracic Tracheal Collapse
Authors: Chisnell Hope K. , Pardo Anthony D. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo report complications, long‐term outcome, and disease progression in dogs with extrathoracic tracheal collapse treated by surgical placement of commercially available extraluminal rings.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 23).MethodsMedical records (2002–2011) of dogs treated with extraluminal rings for extrathoracic tracheal collapse were reviewed. Owner interviews, conducted at >10 months postoperatively, determined response to surgery, progression of clinical signs after surgery, and frequency of medication administration. Long‐term re‐evaluation (>10 months after surgery) was offered for surviving dogs, including radiographs and tracheoscopy if indicated.ResultsOf 23 dogs, 22 survived to discharge after surgery. Clinical signs improved in all dogs at 2 weeks after surgery and at long‐term re‐evaluation. Fourteen dogs (65%) required no medical management for respiratory signs after surgery. Four dogs (17%) were diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis at some point after surgery, but only 9% were diagnosed within 48 hours of the surgery. Additional rings were placed between previously placed rings in 2 dogs, and 1 dog was treated with an endoluminal stent for intrathoracic tracheal collapse. Three dogs had clinical signs consistent with progression of tracheal collapse. Based on owner questionnaire, all owners were satisfied with surgical outcome.ConclusionsTreatment of severe cervical tracheal collapse with commercially‐available extraluminal ring placement leads to an overall improvement in quality of life and good long‐term results, with about one‐third of dogs requiring continued medical management. Most dogs do not have clinical signs consistent with disease progression after surgery.
The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Cisterna Chyli Patency in Rats
Authors: Rowe Eric A. , Mathews Kyle G. , Linder Keith E. , Tate Lloyd P. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo radiographically and histologically evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy on the cisterna chyli in rats.Study DesignExperimental study.AnimalsAdult male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 60).MethodsCecal lymph nodes were injected with the photodynamic compound verteporfin. A 690 nm, 500 mW diode laser was then directed at the area of the cisterna chyli for either 0, 1.5, or 3 minutes. Cisterna chyli patency was evaluated using lymphography, and histologic changes were evaluated on postoperative Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14.ResultsHistologically, minimal to marked injury to the cisternal and/or pericisternal tissues was present in all treated rats at all time periods. Radiographically, 8/20 cisternae were occluded in the 1.5‐minute treatment group (including 1/4 on Day 1, 2/4 on Day 3, 3/4 on Day 5, 0/4 on Day 7, and 2/4 on Day 14), and 9/20 cisternae were occluded in the 3‐minute treatment group (including 0/4 on Day 1, 1/4 on Day 3, 3/4 on Day 5, 3/4 on Day 7, and 2/4 on Day 14). There was minimal to no histologic evidence of tissue injury in control rats. All control cisternae were radiographically open.ConclusionsFurther investigations into the timing of laser application and light dose, or alternative photodynamic agents are required to limit injury to adjacent tissues and to improve the effectiveness of cisternal photoablation.
Ovariectomy in Jenny Using Subarachnoid Propofol Administration
Authors: Daradka Mousa , Ibtihal Khreesha 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of subarachnoid propofol administration (SPA) on analgesia, sedation, ataxia, cardiopulmonary, blood gas variables, and its application in ovariectomy in Jennies.Study DesignProspective, randomized, clinical trial.AnimalsAdult Jennies (n = 20; 100–120 kg; 5–7 years old).MethodsIn study 1, 5 Jennies had SPA (n = 5; group 1) through Tuohy catheter, and another 5 control Jennies had normal saline subarachnoid administration (n = 5; group 2). In study 2, 10 Jennies had SPA and ovariectomy (n = 10; group 3). In groups 1 and 3 analgesia, sedation and ataxia scores, cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were recorded at different intervals before and after PSA. In group 2, only cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were recorded.ResultsSPA produced pronounced analgesia, mild sedation and minimal ataxia. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), rectal temperature (RT), arterial blood pH, PaO2, and PaCO2were not significantly different from base line values after subarachnoid administration of either propofol or normal saline.ConclusionSPA was found to be useful, efficient and feasible procedure for ovariectomy through standing flank laparotomy in Jennies.
Comparison of Radiography and Computed Tomography for Determining Tracheal Diameter and Length in Dogs
Authors: Montgomery James E. , Mathews Kyle G. , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Hendrick Steve , Brown James C. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo compare radiographic and computed tomography (CT) measurements of tracheal size as would be made for the purpose of tracheal stent size selection.Study DesignCross‐over.AnimalsDogs (n = 15).MethodsCanine cadavers without evidence of tracheal or respiratory disease were used for CT and digital radiography of the neck and thorax. Three observers each made 3 independent measurements at each of 5 tracheal locations, and also measured tracheal length, on each radiograph and for each CT scan on each cadaver.ResultsCT tracheal measurements were on average 1.03 mm larger (P < .01) compared with radiographic measurements for all 3 observers.ConclusionsRadiographic measurements of the canine trachea consistently underestimate tracheal size, and CT measurements are preferable for selecting tracheal stent size.
Evaluation of Osteotomy Accuracy and Rotational and Angular Alignment for Cranial Closing Wedge Ostectomy Performed With and Without Alignment Aids
Authors: Addison Elena S. , Emmerson Terrance D. , de la Puerta Benito , Groth Anna , Black Tony , Smith Bruce A. , Burton Neil J. , Toscano Michael J. , Wallace Adrian M. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo (1) investigate the use of K‐wires as alignment aids for cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWO) and (2) evaluate their effect on osteotomy accuracy and angular/rotational alignment.Study DesignCadaveric study.AnimalsCadaveric pelvic limbs (n = 20).MethodsCCWO was performed with and without alignment aids on 20 cadaveric pelvic limbs. CT scans were performed pre‐ and post‐operatively to evaluate tibial torsion and valgus/varus deformity. Digital photographs of the ostectomized bone wedges were used to assess divergence of the 2 osteotomies, and the area of the medial and lateral aspects measured to assess osteotomy angulation within the dorsal plane.ResultsOsteotomy divergence angle, the difference between the area of the medial and lateral aspects of the ostectomized wedges, and the difference between the pre‐ and post‐operative angles of valgus/varus deformity were all significantly smaller for the alignment aid group. The difference in pre‐ and post‐operative tibial torsion was not significantly different between groups.ConclusionsK‐wires can be used successfully as alignment aids during CCWO and help to create a significantly more orthogonal osteotomy. This allows a significant reduction in the difference between the preoperative and postoperative angles of valgus or varus, which may reduce the risk of developing a clinically important iatrogenically introduced valgus/varus deformity postoperatively.
First‐Principle Study of Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Strontium Mono Ferrite Ceramic
Authors: Salehi Hamdollah , Javdani Zohre , Badehian Hojat Allah , Amiri Peiman 
Published: June 2014

In this research, structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Strontium mono ferrite ceramic were studied. The calculations were performed by Full‐Potential‐Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method in the framework density functional theory with different approximations. The results suggest that among the four states of nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic of SrFe2O4, ferrimagnetic is the most stable state. “Generalized Gradient” and “Local Spin Density” approximations were not an appropriate approach to calculate the band gap and magnetic moment of the compound. Therefore, other approximations such as GGA+U, LSDA+U, and modified Becke–Johnson were used. Band gap and lattice constants improved using these approximations. The Hubbard parameter was calculated (Ueff = 4.5 eV) by an ab initio method. Then, the electronic properties of SrFe2O4 such as band gap, exchange constant, and magneto crystalline anisotropy as well as the influence of pressure on these properties were investigated by using GGA+U approximation. Calculated magnetic moment for strontium mono ferrite is equal to 2.72 μB in the semiconductor state. Lattice constant results are in consistent with experimental studies. However, the amounts for bulk modulus, magnetic moment, and band gap have been not estimated experimentally.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Carbonate‐Free Barium Titanate Nanoscale Crystals: Toward a Generalized Strategy of Titanate‐Based Perovskite Nanocrystals Synthesis
Authors: Ashiri Rouholah , Moghtada Abdolmajid , Shahrouzianfar Ali , Ajami Reza 
Published: June 2014

Synthesis temperature and purity of perovskite materials are key challenges facing the scientific community. This work aims to address these challenges by developing an innovative low temperature synthesis pathway for preparation of carbonate‐free perovskite nanocrystals. The method is based on an ultrasound‐assisted wet chemical processing method. Nanocrystals are characterized and observed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. XRD studies show that very fine BaTiO3 nanocrystals (<11 nm) free from any by‐products such as BaTi2O5 and BaCO3 are synthesized at 50°C. Moreover, the method developed here can be used as a strategy for synthesizing carbonate‐free perovskite nanocrystals. We believe that the method developed in this work provides a simple, cost‐effective, and convenient route for synthesizing a variety of perovskite materials for assembling in nanotechnology.
High Pressure Behavior of 7:4 Mullite and Boron‐Substituted Mullite: Compressibility and Mechanisms of Amorphization
Authors: Kalita Patricia E. , Cornelius Andrew , Lipinska Kristina , Sinogeikin Stanislav , Fischer Reinhard X. , Lührs Hanna , Schneider Hartmut 
Published: June 2014

The high‐pressure elastic properties behavior, phase stability, and mechanisms of amorphization of the alumino‐silicate 7:4 mullite and a corresponding mullite doped with boron were investigated in situ by powder synchrotron X‐ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell in quasi‐hydrostatic conditions. The samples of 7Al2O3:4SiO2 (Al4.66Si1.33O9.67), referred to as 7:4 mullite and an alumino‐silicate mullite with 3.5(4) mol% B2O3, referred to as B‐mullite, were compressed, in small pressure steps, up to 27.8 and 28.9 GPa, respectively, and then decompressed back to ambient pressure. All along the compression path both samples' patterns are indexable with a mullite structure. Compression data are smooth up to a threshold pressure, from which point the diffraction peaks appeared to broaden, and the refined unit cell parameters deviate significantly down from the compressional trend. Above ~23 GPa the diffraction patterns are not indexable anymore, suggesting amorphization. Rietveld structural refinements allow for a description of the pressure‐induced main deformation mechanisms and structural trends. Pressure‐induced mechanisms of amorphization are also discussed. A third‐order Birch Murnaghan equation of state is fitted to the pressure‐volume data to obtain experimental bulk moduli, as well as axial compressibilities for 7:4 mullite and B‐mullite. Finally the volume compression in response to the applied pressure, combined with thermal expansion coefficients, allows a P–T–V equation‐of‐state for B‐mullite to be proposed.
Fabrication and Piezoelectric Property of BaTiO3 Nanofibers
Authors: Zhuang Yongyong , Li Fei , Yang Guang , Xu Zhuo , Li Jinglei , Fu Bi , Yang Yaodong , Zhang Shujun 
Published: June 2014

BaTiO3 (BTO) nanofibers were fabricated by sol–gel combined with electrospinning method. The effects of the concentration of acetic acid and sintering temperatures on the crystal phase and microstructure of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). BTO nanofibers with improved surface morphology were obtained as the ethanol to acetic acid ratio (E/A) was 8:3. The fibers calcined at 750°C for 2 h exhibited good morphology and crystallization. TEM studies revealed that the BTO nanofibers were polycrystalline, with diameters being on the order of hundreds nanometer, where the existence of domains offered proof of ferroelectric structure. The ferroelectric domains and piezoresponse of BTO nanofibers were characterized by piezoresponse force microscopy. The calculated d33 was 20 pm/V at maximum strain amplitude.
Electrical and Thermal Properties of SiC Ceramics Sintered with Yttria and Nitrides
Authors: Kim Kwang Joo , Lim Kwang‐Young , Kim Young‐Wook 
Published: June 2014

The electrical and thermal properties of SiC ceramics containing 1 vol% nitrides (BN, AlN or TiN) were investigated with 2 vol% Y2O3 addition as a sintering additive. The AlN‐added SiC specimen exhibited an electrical resistivity (3.8 × 101 Ω·cm) that is larger by a factor of ~102 compared to that (1.3 × 10−1 Ω·cm) of a baseline specimen sintered with Y2O3 only. On the other hand, BN‐ or TiN‐added SiC specimens exhibited resistivity that is lower than that of the baseline specimen by a factor of 10−1. The addition of 1 vol% BN or AlN led to a decrease in the thermal conductivity of SiC from 178 W/m·K (baseline) to 99 W/m·K or 133 W/m·K, respectively. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of the TiN‐added SiC specimen were 1.6 × 10−2 Ω·cm and 211 W/m·K at room temperature, respectively. The present results suggest that the electrical and thermal properties of SiC ceramics are controllable by adding a small amount of nitrides.
High‐Performance Ferroelectric Solid Solution Crystals: Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3
Authors: Li Tao , Long Xifa 
Published: June 2014

A series of regular shaped Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐based ternary ferroelectric single crystals (1 − x)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.33Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PIN–PZN–PT) have been grown by means of the top‐seeded solution growth method that prevented pyrochlore phase and promoted [001] or [111] growth. The nucleation and crystallization behavior of the Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐based ferroelectric single crystals differed from other relaxor‐based ferroelectric single crystals was discovered. Di‐/piezo‐/ferro‐/pyroelectric properties were characterized systematically. The PIN–PZN–PT single crystals showed large coercive fields Ec, high Curie temperature TC and high pyroelectric coefficient P, presenting similar performance but better thermal stability compared with the PZN–PT single crystals, and making it a promising material for transducers and IR detectors in a wider temperature range.