bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CoCl2‐induced glioma hypoxia environment enhances CD47‐SIRPα to promote tumor immune evasion
Authors: Ding Xiangfei , Hou Jianbing , Hu Xiaosong , Peng Wen , Li Yongsen , Zhao Gaichao , Cui Hongjuan , Wu Zonghui , Liang Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElevated levels of tumor‐associated macrophages and microglia in the immune microenvironment of malignant gliomas promote tumor growth and progression. Although immune evasion has been implicated in these processes, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CD47‐SIRPα‐mediated immune evasion under hypoxic conditions remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms through which CD47‐SIRPα modulates immune evasion in a cobalt chloride (CoCl2)‐induced hypoxic microenvironment of malignant gliomas. Human and mouse glioma cell lines were used to investigate immune evasion in vitro. After membrane protein extraction and nucleoplasmic isolation, we downregulated the expression levels of transport receptors to elucidate the regulation of CD47‐SIRPα transport. The CoCl2‐induced hypoxic microenvironment attenuated microglial phagocytosis in glioma cells. Enhanced CD47‐SIRPα interaction promoted immune evasion, which negatively affected tumor clearance. In addition, the intracellular transport of CD47 was promoted in the CoCl2‐induced hypoxic state. This process was regulated by regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) and sortilin in the nuclear cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane, respectively. These results demonstrate the CD47‐SIRPα‐mediated immune escape mechanism of the CoCl2‐induced glioma hypoxic environment, which is associated with enhanced intracellular transport of CD47. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the potential development of novel therapies targeting CD47‐SIRPα.
Compact multi‐band eight‐element MIMO antenna with decoupled antenna pairs for 5G mobile terminal applications
Authors: Li Ke , Geng Hanxin , Guo Jinge , Fan Jiale , Luan Yuchen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel design method for a tri‐band multiple in multiple out (MIMO) antenna. The antenna consists of four sets of identical antenna pairs arranged on the two side frames. Three resonant modes can be obtained using a microstrip coupling feed structure by employing different branches in antenna unit design. The working frequencies of the modes can be adjusted independently. Moreover, in each pair of antennas, two antenna units were closely arranged and a decoupling grounding branch was employed between the adjacent antennas to ensure good isolation. The tri‐band eight‐element MIMO antenna operates at 3.5, 4.9, and 5.6 GHz and the isolations were better than 14 dB. The proposed antenna had a low profile of 0.06 and good isolation so it has potential applications in 5G mobile terminals.
Volume changes of deep brain structures in episodic migraine
Authors: Aghayari Sheikh Neshin Saeideh , Shahverdi Samaneh , Broomand Lomer Nima , Yazdanipour Mohammad Ali , Emir Alavi Cyrus , Fallah Arzpeyma Sima , Saberi Alia , Shabani Chobe Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeGray matter (GM) volumes have previously shown variations in different regions in patients with migraine, particularly in cortical regions. This study focused on comparative volumetric assessment of deep brain structures, including GM and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in patients with and without migraine. Furthermore, a relationship between the measured volumes and clinical features of migraine was investigated.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 30 patients with episodic migraine and 30 subjects without migraine were investigated through brain MRI. The migraine group had a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 39 ± 12 (77% female, 23% male), and the control group had a mean ± SD age of 40.5 ± 11 (70% female, 30% male). Groups were matched in terms of age, gender, and comorbidities. T1‐weighted images were transferred to an automated MRI analysis tool to measure the volumes of interested regions.ResultsOur results showed that GM volumes of caudate nuclei, thalami, mammillary bodies, right nucleus accumbens, and CSF volumes of lateral ventricles in migraine group were significantly higher compared to the control group. In addition, migraine was independently associated with a higher volume of caudates, thalami, mammillary bodies, and lateral ventricles but a lower volume of the third and fourth ventricles. An analysis of migraine clinical features revealed that a longer duration of migraine was associated with a lower GM volume of the right mammillary body and higher CSF volumes of lateral ventricles, and the third ventricle.ConclusionOur study supported the hypothesis that migraine is independently associated with the volumes of deep brain structures, specifically the thalamus, caudate, mammillary body, and ventricular system.
Exponential time difference methods with spatial exponential approximations for solving boundary layer problems
Authors: Zhu Liyong , Wang Xinwei , Lu Tianzheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, an efficient and stable exponential time difference method is presented for solving boundary layer problems. By combining exponential time difference schemes with spatial direct discontinuous Galerkin discretization based on exponential boundary layer approximations, the proposed algorithm not only may admit large time step sizes but also could provide good spatial approximations even if on rather coarse spatial grids in the boundary layer. Some energy stabilities of the numerical scheme are rigorously derived. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy, stability and efficiency of the algorithm.
An explicit fourth‐order hybrid‐variable method for Euler equations with a residual‐consistent viscosity
Authors: Zeng Xianyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present a formally fourth‐order accurate hybrid‐variable (HV) method for the Euler equations in the context of method of lines. The HV method seeks numerical approximations to both cell averages and nodal solutions and evolves them in time simultaneously; and it is proved in previous work that these methods are supraconvergent, that is, the order of the method is higher than that of the local truncation error. Taking advantage of the supraconvergence, the method is built on a third‐order discrete differential operator, which approximates the first spatial derivative at each grid point using only the information in the two neighboring cells. Analyses of stability, accuracy, and pointwise convergence are conducted in the one‐dimensional case for the linear advection equation; whereas extension to nonlinear systems including the Euler equations is achieved using characteristic decomposition and the incorporation of a residual‐consistent viscosity to capture strong discontinuities. Extensive numerical tests are presented to assess the numerical performance of the method for both 1D and 2D problems.
Jet slipping mechanism and fabricating of composite fiber by multiple field coupling
Authors: Hong Da , Huang Xinyu , Zhang Zhiming , Ji Qiaoling , Chen Zhen , Xu Qiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rotary jet spinning process involves the joint action of centrifugal force, gravity, temperature, humidity, and flow fields on the spinning solution. The solution is ejected through the nozzle after flowing from the storage container and stretched in the air to form a composite fiber. At present, the investigation of rotary jet composite spinning primarily focused on the dynamics and kinematics of the spinning solution and jet within the container. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive exploration into the motion and slip phenomena exhibited by the composite spinning solution in air. This article investigates the slip phenomenon between the polymer and the gas contact surface after the spinning solution leaves the spinneret aperture. A slip model is established to analyze the motion and force of the polymer in air. Meanwhile, a mathematical model for the evaporation rate of composite spinning solution motion under the influence of multi‐field coupling is established through theoretical analysis. A numerical simulation of the rotary jet spinning process was conducted to obtain clouds of jet exit velocity. The morphology of composite fibers produced by rotary jet spinning was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, enabling a comparison of diameter distribution and surface quality under different environmental and equipment parameters. This study provides a certain reference for the preparation of high‐quality composite fibers.
Barriers to access of precision guided therapies for children with high‐risk cancer
Authors: Mazariego Carolyn , Daly Rebecca , McGill Brittany , Kelada Lauren , McKay Skye , Hetherington Kate , Ziegler David S. , Wakefield Claire E. , Taylor Natalie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionAccessing compassionate access schemes to obtain novel therapeutic agents for children with hard‐to‐treat cancers can be fraught with challenges such as regulatory barriers and limited resources. This study aimed to explore clinician perspectives on the barriers, impacts and ethical considerations of accessing novel therapeutic agents within the context of a paediatric oncology precision medicine trial.MethodsWe gathered data from 37 semi‐structured interviews with paediatric oncologists participating in the PRecISion Medicine for Children with Cancer (PRISM) study, a precision medicine clinical trial in Australia. The interviews, conducted over 2 years, focused on paediatric oncologist's experiences with the PRISM trial. Interviews were re‐analysed to identify themes related to access pathways and any challenges in obtaining novel agents through thematic analysis. The resulting thematic framework was discussed and refined by a multidisciplinary team.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (i) barriers to access, including poor drug availability, lack of evidence and the time burden of the application process; (ii) impacts of inaccessibility, encompassing medical consequences and financial burden on families; and (iii) ethical considerations, centred around balancing realistic expectations and providing compassionate care to patients and families. Paediatric oncologists expressed frustration with the complex regulatory landscape and the lack of systematic reporting on applications and outcomes of obtaining novel agents. Lengthy wait times for decision notifications were also highlighted, raising concerns about missed therapeutic opportunities for patients.ConclusionThis study provides insight to the challenges faced when seeking access to novel therapies for paediatric oncology patients. There is a clear need for improved communication, streamlining processes and increased resources to facilitate access to novel agents. Further resource development is necessary to address these complexities in accessing novel therapy agents to ultimately ensure equitable and timely access.
Optimizing Formulation Conditions of PLGA Microparticles to Enhance Indomethacin Encapsulation
Authors: Arabia Martina , Maretti Eleonora , Sedighidarijani Armita , Rustichelli Cecilia , Leo Eliana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrug delivery systems can avoid the drawbacks of Indomethacin (IND), a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug used to treat osteoarthritis and arthritis, which requires high doses to reach therapeutic plasma levels leading to significant systemic side effects. This study aims to optimize poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) for intra‐articular IND administration. MPs are prepared by solvent evaporation and freeze‐dried for stability. Initial formulations with Tween 80 yield rubbery samples with low drug loading (1%); replacement of Tween 80 with Gelatin produces a stable powder with syringable MPs (particles size: 7 µm), although, DL (3%) and EE (30%) remain suboptimal, due to IND polymorphic transformation. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier‐Transform Infrared spectroscopy demonstrate a molecular dispersion of IND in PLGA. Adjusting the aqueous phase to pH 3 in the formulation process, i.e below IND pKa, significantly enhances EE (90%) due to the reduction of drug solubility in the external aqueous phase. In vitro release study shows prolonged IND release over several days, confirming an effective drug encapsulation. This study provides a foundational framework toward the optimization of the successful encapsulation of IND in PLGA MPs, potentially advancing future clinical applications of such drug delivery systems.
Pulmonary perfusion in long‐term survivors of COVID‐19‐related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Miksová Lucie , Dytrych Vladimír , Ptáčník Václav , Balík Martin , Linhart Aleš , Bělohlávek Jan , Jansa Pavel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19 associates with a hypercoagulant state and an increased risk for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs). Whether severe COVID‐19 infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support might lead to chronic pulmonary perfusion abnormalities and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease/hypertension remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chronic pulmonary perfusion abnormalities in long‐term survivors of COVID‐19‐related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated by ECMO at our institution. Pulmonary perfusion was examined by ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) single‐photon emission computed tomography or V/Q planar scintigraphy at least 3 months after ECMO explantation, comorbidities and incidence of thromboembolic events were recorded as well. Of 172 COVID‐19 patients treated by ECMO for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia between March 2020 and November 2021, only 80 were successfully weaned from ECMO. Of those, 37 patients were enrolled into the present analysis (27% female, mean age 52 years). Median duration of ECMO support was 12 days. In 24 (65%) patients VTE was recorded in the acute phase (23 patients developed ECMO cannula‐related deep vein thrombosis, 5 of them had also a pulmonary embolism, and one thrombus was associated with a central catheter). The median duration between ECMO explantation and assessment of pulmonary perfusion was 420 days. No segmental or larger mismatched perfusion defects were then detected in any patient. In conclusion, in long‐term survivors of COVID‐19‐related ARDS treated by ECMO, no persistent pulmonary perfusion abnormalities were detected although VTE was common.
Determination of three ephedrine psychoactive substances in sewage using solid‐phase extraction–ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Yiqin , Yang Fang , Ye Hong , Tang Qingqiang , Chen Yanwen , Gao Zhigang , Wang Shuhua , Zhang Fang , Li Xiaojing 
Published: August 2024

RationaleIn recent years, ephedrine psychoactive substances have attracted much attention due to their prevalence in water bodies and potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. Psychoactive substances have been considered as a new type of environmental pollutant due to their unpredictable potential risks to the behavior and nervous system of non‐target organisms. A rapid, sensitive, selective, and robust method for the quantification of three ephedrine psychoactive substances in sewage is needed.MethodsAn ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three ephedrine psychoactive substances in water. The optimal processing conditions were determined by optimizing the chromatography—mass spectrometry and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) conditions (e.g., the SPE column, sample pH, washing, and elution), and the treatment conditions were determined; this was achieved via positive ion scanning in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Poly‐Sery MCX was selected as the extraction column, with samples loaded at pH 3. And 4‐mL solution of 2% formic acid (FA) aqueous solution was used as the eluent; the target compounds were eluted with 5 mL of 5% NH4OH in acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The best results were obtained when the residue was resolubulization in ACN after nitrogen evaporation.ResultsThe developed UPLC‐MS/MS showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0–50.00 μg/L, with determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.9990. The detection limit and quantitation limit were 0.05–0.10 and 0.20–0.50 μg/L, respectively. Recovery rates of the target compounds in blank sewage at three different concentrations ranged from 92.37% to 106.31%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.77%–4.83% (n = 7).ConclusionsThis method has been successfully applied to the analysis of surface water and domestic sewage, and the samples were processed stably, indicating that the method is practical for the determination of ephedrine psychoactive drugs in water bodies.
Identification, characterization, and in silico ADMET prediction of nirmatrelvir and its degradation products using HPLC‐PDA and LC‐QTOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Kumar Matta Ashwin , Sundararajan Raja 
Published: August 2024

RationaleNirmatrelvir is a protease inhibitor that is essential for virus replication. Nirmatrelvir is indicated for the management of mild to severe cases of COVID‐19 in individuals who are 12 years of age or older. Forced degradation studies of nirmatrelvir were carried out on the drug substance in solid and solution forms, subjecting it to various stress conditions according to International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Q1A(R2) and Q1B guidelines. The analytical method was validated as per the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines.MethodsThe drug substance (nirmatrelvir) was subjected to hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline, and neutral), thermal, photolytic, and oxidative stress conditions. Five degradation products (DPs) of nirmatrelvir formed under hydrolytic (acidic and alkaline) and oxidative (2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile) stress conditions. These degradation products were identified and separated using reverse‐phase HPLC on a phenomenex kinetex C8 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) with gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile, and detection was carried out at a wavelength of 210 nm.Results and conclusionsNirmatrelvir and its five DPs were efficiently separated using reverse phase–HPLC. These five DPs were identified and characterized using LC‐electrospray ionization (ESI)‐Q‐TOF‐coupled mass spectrometry analysis in the ESI‐positive ionization mode. The formation mechanisms of the DPs and the most probable mass fragmentation pathways for both nirmatrelvir and its DPs were elucidated. The developed method demonstrated selectivity, accuracy, linearity, and reproducibility, making it appropriate for quality control of nirmatrelvir and future research studies. Additionally, the physicochemical and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties of nirmatrelvir and its DPs were predicted using ADMET predictor software. The toxicity profile revealed that DP2 and DP3 have teratogenic effects while DP1 and DP3 caused phospholipidosis.
Identification of active ingredients in Naomaitai capsules using high‐resolution mass spectrometry unite molecular network analysis and prediction of their action mechanisms
Authors: Li Shuang , Liu Zhiyan , Zeng Haiping , Fu Jinyu , Sun Mo , Bao Chun , Zhang Chenning 
Published: August 2024

RationaleAlthough Naomaitai capsule (NMC) is widely used in clinical practice and has a good curative effect for cerebral infarction, its material basis and mechanism of action remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap MS technology was used to analyse the in vivo and in vitro components of NMC, and the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking website was used to further analyse the components of NMC. Next, systems biology approaches were employed to investigate the mechanism of action of NMC. Finally, molecular docking technology was used to verify the network pharmacological results.ResultsIn total, 177 compounds were identified in vitro, including 65 terpenoids, 62 flavonoids, 25 organic acids and 11 quinones. 64 compounds were identified in the blood of mice, and the main active components included ginkgolide C, ginkgolide A, ligustilide, tanshinone IIB, olmelin, emodin and puerarin. The main targets in vivo included TP53, SRC, STAT3, PIK3CA and PIK3R1.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study has revealed that NMC acts on multiple targets in the body through various active components, exerting synergistic effects in the treatment of CI. Its mechanism of action may involve inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses as well as reducing cerebral vascular permeability and promoting cerebral vascular regeneration.
Design and Motion Control of Master–Slave Control Endotracheal Intubation Robot
Authors: Qi Qian , Lv Junqi , Sun Ke , Sun Yi , Jiang Andong , Ji Aihong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMaster–slave remote control technology allows patients to be treated promptly during transport and also reduces the risk of contagious infections. Endotracheal intubation, guided by endoscopy and a master–slave system, enables doctors to perform the procedure efficiently and accurately.MethodsIn this paper, we present the development of a master–slave controlled endotracheal intubation robot (EIR). It is based on operation incremental mapping, a weighted recursive average filtering method to reduce vibration, and a virtual fixture designed to reduce mishandling in minimally invasive surgery.ResultsSimulation analysis of the master–slave control demonstrates that the weighted recursive average filtering method effectively reduces vibration, while the virtual fixture assists in confining the operator's movement within a delimited area. Experimental validation confirms the validity of the robot's structural design and control method.ConclusionsThe developed robot successfully achieves the necessary motion for endotracheal intubation surgery through master–slave control.
Dual‐Function Nanoscale Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Targeted Diagnosis and Therapeutic Delivery in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lin Yuanzhe , Liu Jingjing , Chong Suet Yen , Ting Hui Jun , Tang Xichuan , Yang Liqiang , Zhang Sitong , Qi Xinyi , Pei Peng , Yi Zhigao , Huang Chenyuan , Hou Xiao , Gao Liang , Torta Federico , Liu Xiaogang , Liu Bin , Kah James Chen Yong , Wang Jiong‐Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. However, current medical practice lacks non‐invasive, reliable approaches for both imaging atherosclerotic plaques and delivering therapeutic agents directly therein. Here, a biocompatible and biodegradable pH‐responsive nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) based theranostic system is reported for managing atherosclerosis. NCPs are synthesized with a pH‐responsive benzoic‐imine (BI) linker and Gd3+. Simvastatin (ST), a statin not used for lowering blood cholesterol but known for its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects in mice, is chosen as the model drug. By incorporating ST into the hydrophobic domain of a lipid bilayer shell on NCPs surfaces, ST/NCP‐PEG nanoparticles are created that are designed for dual purposes: they diagnose and treat atherosclerosis. When administered intravenously, they target atherosclerotic plaques, breaking down in the mild acidic microenvironment of the plaque to release ST, which reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and Gd‐complexes for MR imaging of the plaques. ST/NCP‐PEG nanoparticles show efficacy in slowing the progression of atherosclerosis in live models and allow for simultaneous in vivo monitoring without observed toxicity in major organs. This positions ST/NCP‐PEG nanoparticles as a promising strategy for the spontaneous diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.