bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Motion/Force Tracking Control for a Class of Mobile Manipulators
Authors: Sun Wei , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, modeling and adaptive motion/force tracking control is considered for a class of mobile manipulators under the holonomic and affine constraints with the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. Based on a suitable reduced dynamic model, adaptive controllers are proposed to ensure that the states of a closed‐loop system asymptotically track desired trajectories while the constraint force remains bounded by tuning design parameters. Detailed simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Intertemporal Similarity: Discounting as a Last Resort
Authors: Stevens Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractStandard models of intertemporal choice assume that individuals discount future payoffs by integrating reward amounts and time delays to generate a discounted value. Alternative models propose that, rather than integrate across them, individuals compare within attributes (amounts and delays) to determine if differences in one attribute outweigh differences in another attribute. For instance, the similarity model 1) compares the two reward amounts to determine whether they are similar, 2) compares the similarity of the two time delays, and then 3) makes a decision based on these similarity judgments. Here, I tested discounting models against attribute‐based models that use similarity judgments to make choices. I collected intertemporal choices and similarity judgments for the reward amounts and time delays from participants in three experiments. All experiments tested the ability of discounting and similarity models to predict intertemporal choices. Model generalization analyses showed that the best predicting models started with similarity judgments and then, if similarity failed to make a prediction, resorted to discounting models. Similarity judgments also matched intertemporal choice data demonstrating both the magnitude and sign effects, thereby accounting for behavioral data that contradict many discounting models. These results highlight the possibility that attribute‐based models such as the similarity models provide alternatives to discounting that may offer insights into the process of making intertemporal choices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of colorimetric and chemiluminescent enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of endosulfan in food samples
Authors: Deepak T. S. , Rashmi Shenoy , Manonmani Haravey K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPesticides have become part of food protection since their inception. Endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide, has been used against insect pests such as whiteflies, aphids, red spiders and mites. Methods of immunochemical assays have been devised for the determination and analysis of pesticides and commonly used for the analysis of contaminants in food, water, soil and body fluids. Chicken IgY antibodies raised against endosulfan haptens were used for the detection of endosulfan. We have compared colorimetric (CO) and chemiluminescence (CL) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques for the detection of endosulfan isomers in a food matrix. CL ELISA assay was found to be more sensitive than CO assay. The mean recovery was 81.2–95.6% for α‐ and β‐endosulfan‐spiked food samples with 2.8–4.6% relative standard deviation. The detection of the endosulfan isomers was linear in the range 100 µg/mL–5 fg/mL, with a limit of detection at 100 µg/mL and 5 fg/mL for the CL ELISA method and 100 µg/mL and 1 ng/mL for the CO ELISA method respectively. These methods can be used for the rapid and reliable detection of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A very simple high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection for the determination of gemifloxacin in human breast milk
Authors: Sagirli Olcay , Demirci Seda , Önal Armağan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed and validated for the determination of gemifloxacin in human breast milk. The proposed method allows the determination of gemifloxacin in breast milk samples without complex sample preparation. The samples were mixed with a mobile phase and filtered with a 0.45 µm polytetrafluoroethylene filter before analysis. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm I.D.) using methanol:50 mM ortho‐phosphoric acid solution (40:60) as the mobile phase with a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Quantitation was performed using fluorescence detection with an excitation wavelength at 272 nm and an emission wavelength at 395 nm. The linear range was found to be 0.1–2.5 µg/mL. The method was applied successfully for the determination of gemifloxacin in breast milk obtained from a breastfeeding mother after oral administration of a single tablet that included 320 mg gemifloxacin per gemifloxacin tablet. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of radix polygoni multiflori extracts by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Longfei , Lin Hongmei , Yin Xingbin , Zhao Yang , Xia Zhenwen , Zhang Miao , Li Xuechun , Han Jing , Qu Changhai , Ni Jian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was established to detect as many constituents in rat plasma as possible after oral administration of Radix polygoni multiflori (RPM) extract. A C18 column (150 × 2.0 mm, 4 µm) was adopted to separate the samples, and mass spectra were acquired in negative modes. The fingerprints of RPM extract were established, resulting in 39 components being detected. Among these compounds, 29 were identified by comparing the retention times and mass spectral data with those of reference standards and relevant references, and eight compounds were separated and detected in RPM for the first time. In vivo, 23 compounds were observed in dosed rat plasma, 16 of 23 compounds were indicated as prototype components of RPM, and seven compounds were predicted to be metabolites of RPM. A high‐speed and sensitive method was developed and was successfully utilized for screening and characterizing the ingredients and metabolites of RPM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of corilagin in rat plasma using a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method
Authors: Chen Qian Qian , Guo Jianru , Fan Hongyan , Wang Caiyun , Xu Fengguo , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA sensitive and simple liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC‐MS/MS) method for the determination of corilagin in rat plasma has been developed. Samples were prepared with protein precipitation method and analyzed with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. We employed negative electrospray ionization as the ionization source and the analytes were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Separation was achieved on a C8 column eluted with mobile phase consisting of methanol–0.1% formic acid in a gradient mode at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The total run time was 7.0 min.This method was proved to have good linearity in the concentration range of 2.5–1000.0 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification of corilagin was 2.5 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviationa across three validation runs for four concentration levels were both <9.8%. The relative error was within ±6.0%. This assay offers advantages in terms of expediency and suitability for the analysis of corilagin in rat plasma. The practical utility of this new HPLC‐MS/MS method was confirmed in pilot plasma concentration studies in rats following oral administration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure, Activity and Stereoselectivity of NADPH‐Dependent Oxidoreductases Catalysing the S‐Selective Reduction of the Imine Substrate 2‐Methylpyrroline
Authors: Man Henry , Wells Elizabeth , Hussain Shahed , Leipold Friedemann , Hart Sam , Turkenburg Johan P. , Turner Nicholas J. , Grogan Gideon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOxidoreductases from Streptomyces sp. GF3546 [3546‐IRED], Bacillus cereus BAG3X2 (BcIRED) and Nocardiopsis halophila (NhIRED) each reduce prochiral 2‐methylpyrroline (2MPN) to (S)‐2‐methylpyrrolidine with >95 % ee and also a number of other imine substrates with good selectivity. Structures of BcIRED and NhIRED have helped to identify conserved active site residues within this subgroup of imine reductases that have S selectivity towards 2MPN, including a tyrosine residue that has a possible role in catalysis and superimposes with an aspartate in related enzymes that display R selectivity towards the same substrate. Mutation of this tyrosine residue—Tyr169—in 3546‐IRED to Phe resulted in a mutant of negligible activity. The data together provide structural evidence for the location and significance of the Tyr residue in this group of imine reductases, and permit a comparison of the active sites of enzymes that reduce 2MPN with either R or S selectivity.
5,5′‐Methylenedisalicylic Acid (MDSA) Modulates SarA/MgrA Phosphorylation by Targeting Ser/Thr Phosphatase Stp1
Authors: Zheng Weihao , Liang Yujie , Zhao Hui , Zhang Jianing , Li Zigang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSarA (staphylococcal accessory protein A), MgrA (MarR family of global transcriptional regulator A), and SarZ (a paralogue of SarA) play critical roles in modulating the virulence, drug resistance and autolysis of Staphylococcus aureus. Recently, eukaryotic‐like Ser/Thr kinase/phosphatases (Stk1/Stp1) were found to modulate phosphorylation of these transcriptional regulators as well as staphylococcal virulence. Importantly, an stp1‐deficient strain showed significant virulence reduction in mice, indicative of Stp1 as a potential drug target. Here, we report that MDSA, an inhibitor of MgrA, enhances phosphorylation of SarA/MgrA by inhibiting Stp1 in S. aureus. MDSA is a more‐potent inhibitor (IC50=9.68±0.52 μM) of Stp1 than commonly used phosphatase inhibitors. We anticipate that MDSA could be a lead compound to develop new approaches for reducing staph virulence by targeting Stp1.
Estrogen‐mediated signaling is differentially affected by the expression levels of Sfrp1 in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Gregory Kelly J. , Schneider Sallie S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEstrogen has been implicated in breast cancer risk for a variety of reasons including its role in stimulating mammary cell division. Secreted frizzled‐related proteins (SFRPs) are a family of Wnt signaling antagonists. Loss of Sfrp1 in mice results in focal ductal epithelial hyperplasias and in humans, loss of SFRP1 is associated with early changes in premalignant breast lesions as well as poor overall survival in patients with early stage breast cancer. Considering that SFRP1 expression is further reduced in ER positive breast cancers when compared with ER negative breast cancers, we chose to determine whether loss of Sfrp1 alters ER signaling. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that loss of Sfrp1 significantly increased the number of PR and BrdU positve cells in the mammary gland. We further demonstrate that down stream actions of ER‐mediated signaling, including cellular proliferation and PR transcription, are elevated in estradiol treated explant cultures derived from Sfrp1−/− mice. Additionally, we show that Control explant cultures treated with estradiol exhibit an increase in the mRNA levels of Sfrp1. Finally, we establish that in human mammary epithelial cells with either SFRP1 knocked down (TERT‐siSFRP1) and rescued SFRP1 expression (MCF7‐SFRP1), estrogen signaling is augmented. Modulation of ER activity appears to be through a mechanism dependent upon Wnt/β‐catenin activity. Taken together, our data suggest an important control mechanism by which estrogen signaling is tempered in normal cells and indicates why loss of SFRP1 in early lesions might be a causal change leading to enhanced estrogen‐mediated proliferation.
The Organic–Synthetic Potential of Recombinant Ene Reductases: Substrate‐Scope Evaluation and Process Optimization
Authors: Reß Tina , Hummel Werner , Hanlon Steven P. , Iding Hans , Gröger Harald 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this study an evaluation of the synthetic potential of a broad range of recombinant ene reductases was performed. In detail, a library of 23 ene reductases was used to screen the CC reduction of 21 activated alkenes from different compound classes as substrates. The chosen set of substrates comprises nitroalkenes with an aryl substituent at the β‐position and a methyl substituent at the α‐ or β‐position, α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and their esters with and without substituents at the β‐position, a range of cyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones with different ring sizes and substitution patterns and one α,β‐unsaturated boronic acid. After we obtained insight into the substrate scope, several biotransformations were prioritised and further investigated in a screening of 41 reaction parameters (which included chaotropic and kosmotropic salts, polyols, buffer solutions, amino acids and organic solvents) towards their impact on the activity and enantioselectivity of the applied ene reductases. Under the optimised conditions, selected reduction processes were performed on an increased lab scale (up to 30 mL) with up to 10 % substrate concentration, which led in general to both high conversion and (if chiral products were formed) enantioselectivity.
Mixing Performance of a Curved‐Ribbon Impeller during Blending of Food Powders
Authors: Gijón‐Arreortúa Ixchel , Tecante Alberto 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe performance of a horizontal segmented curved‐ribbon impeller was evaluated in terms of mixing time and power consumption during blending of two cohesive food powders, namely normal corn starch and icing sugar. Power consumption data were correlated with bulk density and friction coefficient of the powders, impeller volume and length as well as load ratio and rotational speed by a defined relationship. Also, a dimensionless correlation between the power number and the effective cohesion number was obtained. A single generalized dimensionless power curve representing power data is provided that is able to predict the energy required for the agitation process of cohesive food powders in this particular mixer, and also may serve as an engineering tool in process design of solids mixing.
Impact of Surfactant Addition on Oxygen Mass Transfer in a Bubble Column
Authors: McClure Dale D. , Lee Ai Chia , Kavanagh John M. , Fletcher David F. , Barton Geoffrey W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe following text is an additional technical note for: Impact of Surfactant Addition on Oxygen Mass Transfer in a Bubble Column by Dale D. McClure, Ai Chia Lee, John M. Kavanagh, David F. Fletcher, and Geoffrey W. BartonChem. Eng. Technol. 2015, 38 (1), 44–52. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400403.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Emissive Dipyridinium Dihydrohelicenes
Authors: Santoro Amedeo , Lord Rianne M. , Loughrey Jonathan J. , McGowan Patrick C. , Halcrow Malcolm A. , Henwood Adam F. , Thomson Connor , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCondensation of a pyridyl‐2‐carbaldehyde derivative with 2‐(bromoethyl)amine hydrobromide gave tetracyclic pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrido[1′,2′:3,4]imidazo‐[2,1‐c]‐6,7‐dihydropyrazinium dications in excellent yields. Crystal structures and NOE data demonstrated the helical character of the dications, the dihedral angles between the two pyrido groups ranging from 28–45°. An intermediate in the synthesis was also characterized. A much brighter emission compared to literature helicenes has been found, with quantum yields as high as 60 % in the range of λ=460–600 nm. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies against HT‐29 cancer cells demonstrated moderate‐to‐good activity, with IC50 values 12–30× that of cisplatin.
Vanadium in Asymmetric Synthesis: Emerging Concepts in Catalyst Design and Applications
Authors: Takizawa Shinobu , Gröger Harald , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn recent years vanadium catalysis has been extended to a range of different and even complementary directions in asymmetric synthesis. Inspired by nature’s way to activate both substrate and reagent in many cases, the design of efficient bifunctional and dinuclear vanadium catalysts has been achieved. Furthermore, vanadium catalysis has been an early field in which “hybrid catalysts” have been studied in detail by incorporation of oxovanadium complexes into proteins, thus giving artificial enzymes. In addition, a high compatibility of vanadium with proteins enabled the use of vanadium chemocatalysts for combinations with enzyme catalysis in one‐pot, thus leading to dynamic kinetic resolutions. In this contribution, these three concepts of vanadium catalysis opening up new perspectives for asymmetric synthesis are reviewed.
Bridgehead Substitution via Putative Norborn‐1‐en‐3‐ones: Application in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Budanur Basavaraj M. , Sudheer Chava 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe base‐mediated formation of a bridgehead double bond in a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane system (anit‐Bredt molecules) is described. The synthesis of exocyclic norbornyl enones by Wittig reaction of α‐diketones is reported. These enones and their Michael adducts are used as substrates for the generation of transient bridgehead enones and their trapping with MeOH and H2O. Bridgehead alcohols are easily synthesized from norbornyl enones and are exploited for the diversity oriented synthesis of frameworks of natural and unnatural products.
Rapid Generation and Safe Use of Carbenes Enabled by a Novel Flow Protocol with In‐line IR spectroscopy
Authors: Müller Simon T. R. , Murat Aurélien , Maillos Delphine , Lesimple Patrick , Hellier Paul , Wirth Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA powerful new continuous process for the formation and use of donor/acceptor‐substituted carbenes is described. The safety profile of diazo group transfer on methyl phenylacetate was determined including kinetic studies in batch and in flow using in‐line IR analysis. Batch work‐up and liquid chromatography were circumvented by developing an optimized liquid/liquid flow separation method providing aryl diazoacetates in high purity. Fast screening of reaction conditions in flow with in‐line IR analysis allowed rapid reaction optimization. Finally, a multistep process of diazo group transfer, extraction, separation and subsequent diazo decomposition combined with multiple XH insertion reactions was established.
Platinum(II) as Bifunctional Linker in Antibody–Drug Conjugate Formation: Coupling of a 4‐Nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole Fluorophore to Trastuzumab as a Model
Authors: Waalboer Dennis C. J. , Muns Joey A. , Sijbrandi Niels J. , Schasfoort Richard B. M. , Haselberg Rob , Somsen Govert W. , Houthoff Hendrik‐Jan , van Dongen Guus A. M. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe potential of platinum(II) as a bifunctional linker in the coordination of small molecules, such as imaging agents or (cytotoxic) drugs, to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was investigated with a 4‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD) fluorophore and trastuzumab (Herceptin™) as a model antibody. The effect of ligand and reaction conditions on conjugation efficiency was explored for [Pt(en)(L‐NBD)Cl](NO3) (en=ethylenediamine), with L=N‐heteroaromatic, N‐alkyl amine, or thioether. Conjugation proceeded most efficiently at pH 8.0 in the presence of NaClO4 or Na2SO4 in tricine or HEPES buffer. Reaction of N‐coordinated complexes (20 equiv) with trastuzumab at 37 °C for 2 h, followed by removal of weakly bound complexes with excess thiourea, afforded conjugates with an NBD/mAb ratio of 1.5–2.9 that were stable in phosphate‐buffered saline at room temperature for at least 48 h. In contrast, thioether‐coordinated complexes afforded unstable conjugates. Finally, surface plasmon resonance analysis showed no loss in binding affinity of trastuzumab after conjugation.
Investigation of Structure–Activity Relationships of Synthetic Anti‐Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Vaccine Candidates
Authors: Chang Chenghung , Varamini Pegah , Giddam Ashwini Kumar , Mansfeld Friederike M. , D'Occhio Michael J. , Toth Istvan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe immunoneutralization of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) can be used for the treatment of human hormone‐dependent male and female cancers or as immunocontraceptives in animals. Vaccine candidates 1 [Th(K‐LP)GnRH], 2 [GnRH(K‐LP)Th], 3 [GnRH(K‐Th)LP], and 4 [Th(K‐GnRH)LP] (for which K=lysine, LP=lipopeptide Ser‐Ser‐C16‐C16, and Th=T helper cell epitope influenza HA2), were synthesized by assembling a CD4+ T helper cell epitope (Th), GnRH, and an adjuvanting lipid moiety (LP) in various spatial arrangements. All compounds were efficiently taken up by antigen‐presenting cells with significant immunogenicity without an external adjuvant. Compounds 2, 3, and 4, in which GnRH is conjugated through its C terminus, produced higher GnRH‐specific antibody responses than construct 1, in which the GnRH moiety is conjugated through its N terminus. All four constructs induced a significant antiproliferative effect (up to 55 %) on GnRH‐receptor‐positive LNCaP cells, but showed weaker activity in the GnRH‐receptor‐negative SKOV‐3 cell line. Marked degenerative changes were observed in morphology and follicular development in the ovaries of immunized mice, with approximately 30 % higher degenerative antral and atretic follicles.
Final results of a phase 2 trial of clofarabine and low‐dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kadia Tapan M. , Faderl Stefan , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Borthakur Gautam , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Konopleva Marina , Burger Jan , Huang Xuelin , Wang Xuemei , Pierce Sherry , Brandt Mark , Feliu Jennie , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDThe treatment of older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using standard intensive chemotherapy has been associated with poor outcomes. Effective, less toxic therapies are needed to achieve and maintain durable remissions.METHODSOne hundred eighteen patients with newly diagnosed AML (median age, 68 years; range, 60‐81 years) were treated with a regimen of clofarabine and low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC) alternating with decitabine (DAC). The induction consisted of intravenous clofarabine at 20 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 combined with subcutaneous LDAC at 20 mg twice daily on days 1 to 10. Responding patients were then treated with a prolonged consolidation/maintenance regimen consisting of cycles of clofarabine plus LDAC alternating with cycles of DAC.RESULTSThe overall response rate was 68%. The complete remission (CR) rate was 60% overall, 71% for patients with a diploid karyotype, and 50% for patients with an adverse karyotype. The median overall survival (OS) was 11.1 months for all patients and 18.5 months for those achieving a CR/complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp). The median relapse‐free survival for patients achieving a CR/CRp was 14.1 months. According to a multivariate analysis, only adverse cytogenetics and a white blood cell count ≥ 10 × 109/L predicted worse OS. The regimen was well tolerated with 4‐ and 8‐week mortality rates of 3% and 7%, respectively. The most common nonhematologic adverse events were nausea, elevated liver enzymes, and rash.CONCLUSIONSThe lower intensity, prolonged‐therapy program of clofarabine and LDAC alternating with DAC is well tolerated and highly effective in older patients with AML. Cancer 2015;121:2375–2382. © 2015 American Cancer Society.