bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Government Program Impacts on the Selection of Crop Insurance in Northeastern Kansas
Authors: Williams Jeffery R. , Harper Jayson K. , Barnaby G. Art 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe impact of the government commodity program, crop insurance, disaster aid, and optional paid land diversion on net return risk for corn and soybeans is examined. Results indicate that most preferred risk management strategies include crop insurance for corn in northeast Kansas whether disaster aid is available or not. Crop insurance for soybeans is generally not preferred. Participation in the optional paid diversion program is a preferred risk management strategy for extremely risk averse producers. Willingness to pay analysis indicates that moderately and strongly risk averse producers would be willing to pay more for crop insurance when disaster aid and the optional paid land diversion for corn are not available. Risk averse corn producers would be willing to pay more for crop insurance than disaster aid as well.
Risk Sharing in Custom Cattle Feeding
Authors: Weimar Mark R. , Hallam Arne 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA simulation model is used to evaluate the risks and returns to feedlot operators and cattle owners in the upper Midwest that occur with alternative types of custom cattle feeding contracts. Historical price data were combined with seasonal performance data to analyze the seasonal incentives for different risk‐sharing arrangements. Seasonal returns varied significantly both as to mean and variance and point out the need for seasonally varying contract terms. Feedlot owners are significantly better off with yardage fee contracts as opposed to cost‐of‐gain contracts in terms of return variance, whereas cattle owners are only slightly better off with guaranteed cost‐of‐grain contracts.
Abnormal Returns in Livestock Futures Prices Around USDA Inventory Report Releases
Authors: Schroeder Ted , Blair Joanne , Mintert James 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study examines the responsiveness of futures market prices for live hogs, live cattle, and feeder cattle to economic information contained in the USDA livestock inventory reports. Event study methodology is employed to test for persistent biases in market price changes around inventory report release dates. Few significant abnormal returns are detected in livestock futures markets following the quarterly inventory report releases, suggesting that the reports do not exert a persistent downward or upward influence on futures prices. Increases in return variability around report releases suggest that the reports provide new information to the market. Sustained high variability in the live hog futures market relative to the cattle markets following report releases suggests that less information is available for the hog market.
A Dynamic Assessment of the Wheat Export Enhancement Program
Authors: Bailey Kenneth W. , Houck James P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA major goal of the Export Enhancement Program (EEP) was to expand U.S. exports. This objective was empirically tested in this study for the case of wheat. An analytical approach, reflecting the impact of the EEP on global wheat trade, was developed and incorporated within a nonspatial equilibrium model of world wheat trade. The results suggest that the EEP expanded U.S. wheat exports 20 percent in 1986/87, but only 7 percent in 1987/88. Most of the actual expansion occurred in 1987/88 and was due to other factors.
Economic Feasibility of Conservation Tillage with Stochastic Yields and Erosion Rates
Authors: Prato Tony 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which stochastic variation in crop yields and erosion rates affect the economic feasibility of, and farmer's willingness to adopt, minimum and no tillage in a northern Idaho watershed. Stochastic variation in yield is evaluated by sampling an empirical frequency distribution of the ratio of yields between conservation and conventional tillage. Variability in yield due to tillage system and weather are separated from variability caused by soil type and management. Stochastic variation in erosion rates is determined by sampling the distribution of erosion prediction errors for the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Expected utility maximization is used to identify the optimal choice of tillage systems for different risk preferences. Stochastic variation in yield due to tillage practice and rainfall was found to have a proportionately greater effect on yield than errors in predicting erosion rates. For the soils, crops and land treatment practices evaluated, risk averse farmers would prefer conventional tillage to minimum and no tillage.
An observation on common names and proper
Authors: Tienson John 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Common names, for Mill, have both connotation and denotation. Thus ‘horse’ connotes certain properties, and the name ‘horse’ denotes the things that have those properties. By contrast, proper names have no connotations; they do not denote in virtue of the possession of certain properties by their denotations, but so to speak, directly. Thus Socrates received his name by being dubbed ‘Socrates’; and he might just as well have been given any other name.
This contrast is misleading. After all, we might have named horses by another name, too; e.g., ‘cow’ or ‘Pferd’. However, once the convention by which they are called ‘horses’ is established, it is not correct to call them ‘cows’. A horse is not a cow. Just so Socrates could have been named ‘Plato’ or ‘Moses’, but once he has been named ‘Socrates’, it is just as wrong to call him ‘Plato’ as it is to call a horse a ‘cow’. What is correctly called a ‘horse’ is so called in virtue of its possession of certain properties, just as what is called ‘Socrates’ is so called in virtue of his possession of the requisite properties. From this point of view, proper names are words like any others. (Leonard Linsky, Oblique Contexts, University of Chicago Press 1983, pp. 16f.)
A Model of Focusing in Economic Choice*
Authors: Kőszegi Botond , Szeidl Adam 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We present a generally applicable theory of focusing based on the hypothesis that a person focuses more on, and hence overweights, attributes in which her options differ more. Our model predicts that the decision maker is too prone to choose options with concentrated advantages relative to alternatives, but maximizes utility when the advantages and disadvantages of alternatives are equally concentrated. Applying our model to intertemporal choice, these results predict that a person exhibits present bias and time inconsistency when—such as in lifestyle choices and other widely invoked applications of hyperbolic discounting—the future effect of a current decision is distributed over many dates, and the effects of multiple decisions accumulate. But unlike in previous models, in our theory (1) present bias is lower when the costs of current misbehavior are less dispersed, helping explain why people respond more to monetary incentives than to health concerns in harmful consumption; and (2) time inconsistency is lower when a person commits to fewer decisions with accumulating effects in her ex ante choice. In addition, a person does not fully maximize welfare even when making decisions ex ante: (3) she commits to too much of an activity—for example, exercise or work—that is beneficial overall; and (4) makes “future-biased” commitments when—such as in preparing for a big event—the benefit of many periods’ effort is concentrated in a single goal.
Choosing between the government and the regions: An empirical analysis of the Italian constitutional court decisions
Authors: Pellegrina Lucia Dalla , Garoupa Nuno 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article the extent to which political variables can explain the behaviour of constitutional judges in Italy when dealing with conflicts between the central government and regions is explored. Two competing hypotheses are tested. One hypothesis argues that one should expect some alignment between the political preferences of the judges and the success of the central government primarily due to the appointment mechanism. The other hypothesis suggests that there should be no systematic alignment between the political preferences of the judges and the success of the central government. Unlike previous literature, the empirical results presented in this article seem to confirm that when the Rapporteur and the court's majority are allegedly affiliated with the Prime Minister's coalition, the odds of success of the Prime Minister go up.
Issue evolution in Britain: The debate on European Union integration, 1964–2010
Authors: Stevens Daniel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile Carmines and Stimson's work on issue evolutions has prompted research showing the dynamics and effects of new party alignments on abortion, religion, gender and cultural issues, this research has all centred on the United States. This article examines issue evolution in Britain. Using evidence on the timing of changes in elite positions from Comparative Manifestos Group data, and survey data on public attitudes to the European Union with a longer historical sweep than heretofore, the article finds strong evidence that the European issue has followed an issue evolution path, though with distinct dynamics contingent on the pace of elite re‐positioning. Thus, this article extends the theory of issue evolution to a parliamentary political system and demonstrates the responsiveness of the public to elite cues, while also providing additional insights from a unique case in which elites have staked out distinct positions not once, but twice.
Seromucous anal gland in a New World hystricognath rodent Thrichomys apereoides (Lund, 1839)
Authors: Talamoni Sônia A. , Assis Miguel Angelo C. , Freitas Melina Maciel F. , Godinho Hugo Pereira , Bazzoli Nilo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNew World species of the Hystricognathi comprise a group of rodents that exhibit poorly understood social behaviour. One such species, the echimyid Thrichomys apereoides, has a behavioural and social repertoire which suggests the use of its eversible anal gland in communication between individuals; however, no information on the morphology of this gland is available. In this study, the anal gland of nineteen adult individuals (11 males and 8 females) was analysed through histological and histochemical techniques. The gland was located in the submucosal of the anal region, cranial to the anus, and had an opening located dorsally in the rectum mucosa at approximately 1 mm from the anus. The gland was characterized as seromucous, secreting neutral glycoprotein. Not all individuals studied presented secretion in the glandular ducts, indicating a possible functional variation in the gland. This was the first record of an anal gland of the seromucous type in rodents.
Optogenetic control of cell function using engineered photoreceptors
Authors: Pathak Gopal P. , Vrana Justin D. , Tucker Chandra L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOver the past decades, there has been growing recognition that light can provide a powerful stimulus for biological interrogation. Light‐actuated tools allow manipulation of molecular events with ultra‐fine spatial and fast temporal resolution, as light can be rapidly delivered and focused with sub‐micrometre precision within cells. While light‐actuated chemicals such as photolabile ‘caged’ compounds have been in existence for decades, the use of genetically encoded natural photoreceptors for optical control of biological processes has recently emerged as a powerful new approach with several advantages over traditional methods. Here, we review recent advances using light to control basic cellular functions and discuss the engineering challenges that lie ahead for improving and expanding the ever‐growing optogenetic toolkit.
Rights of the Child and Early Childhood Education and Care in Europe
Authors: Herczog Maria 
Published: November 2012

‘Securing the rights articulated in the Convention is an effective approach to improving the quality of early experiences.’This article analyses early childhood education and care and child rights in early childhood and their relationship in the European Union. Both are primarily national competencies. The EU has limited access and tools to influence policies and practices, while there are many ways in which indirect interventions are not only possible, but greatly used, often in areas that do not seem to be closely related to the issues discussed here. Yet there is a strong desire and interest of the different EU institutions to encourage and support Member States to implement both ECEC targets and child rights.In this article, we show that, while ECEC has become an essential part of different policies at EU level, there have been efforts to implement and mainstream child rights, with special attention paid to specific dimensions in relation to early childhood policies and practices, but a child rights based approach is missing.
HAX‐1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein with a possible role in mRNAprocessing
Authors: Grzybowska Ewa A. , Zayat Valery , Konopiński Ryszard , Trębińska Alicja , Szwarc Maria , Sarnowska Elżbieta , Macech Ewelina , Korczyński Jarosław , Knapp Anna , Siedlecki Janusz A. 
Published: November 2012

HAX‐1 is a multi‐functional protein that is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell motility and calcium homeostasis. It is also reported to bind RNA: it associates with structural motifs present in the 3′ untranslated regions of at least two transcripts, but the functional significance of this binding remains unknown. Although HAX‐1 has been detected in various cellular compartments, it is predominantly cytoplasmic. Our detailed localization studies of HAX‐1 isoforms revealed partial nuclear localization, the extent of which depends on the protein isoform. Further studies demonstrated that HAX‐1 is in fact a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, dependent on the exportin 1 nuclear export receptor. Systematic mutagenesis allowed identification of the two nuclear export signals in the HAX‐1 sequence. HAX‐1 nuclear accumulation was observed after inhibition of nuclear export by leptomycin B, but also after specific cellular stress. The biological role of HAX‐1 nuclear localization and shuttling remains to be established, but the HAX‐1 transcript‐binding properties suggest that it may be connected to mRNA processing and surveillance. In this study, HAX‐1 status was shown to influence mRNA levels of DNA polymerase β, one of the HAX‐1 mRNA targets, although this effect becomes pronounced only after specific stress is applied. Moreover, HAX‐1 tethering to the reporter transcript caused a significant decrease in its expression. Additionally, the HAX‐1 co‐localization with P‐body markers, reported here, implies a role in mRNA processing. These results suggest that HAX‐1 may be involved in the regulation of expression of bound transcripts, possibly as part of the stress response.Structured digital abstractHAX1andDCP1A,colocalizebyfluorescence microscopy(View Interaction:1,2)HAX1 physically interacts with XPO1 by anti tagcoimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)
The heritable basis and cost of colour plasticity in coastrange sculpins
Authors: Bergstrom C. A. , Whiteley A. R. , Tallmon D. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBoth genetic and plastic traits contribute to adaptation in novel environments. Phenotypic plasticity can facilitate adaptation by allowing for existence in a wider range of conditions and a faster response to environmental change than gene‐based selection. Coastrange sculpins (Cottus aleuticus) colonize new and variable streams arising in the wake of receding glaciers in south‐east Alaska, and substrate‐matching plasticity may enhance colonization success by reducing detection by visual predators. As part of a long‐term study of the fitness consequences of colour plasticity and its capacity to respond to both positive and negative selection, we investigated whether it is heritable and costly. We raised full‐sib broods of sculpins in the laboratory: one half of each brood was raised in white containers, the other half in black. After 4 months, we digitally analysed their colour and found significant but weak heritability in both baseline colour and colour plasticity. To investigate the cost of colour plasticity, we compared the growth and mortality rates of juvenile sculpins reared under constant substrate colours to those reared on substrates that changed colour frequently, and compared growth rates among sculpin that differed in their colour change ability. We found evidence of small costs of plasticity, consistent with other studies of natural populations. Evidence of heritable genetic variation for plasticity and small costs to its maintenance and expression contributes to explanations of how plasticity is variable and persistent among wild populations and underscores its ability to respond both positively and negatively to selection in variable habitats.
Increased mortality risk in congestive heart failure patients with comorbid sleep apnoea: 10‐year follow up
Authors: Bakker J. P. , Campbell A. J. , Neill A. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe aimed to determine the mortality rates of a congestive heart failure (CHF) research cohort during a 10‐year follow up and compare survival between those with CHF only (controls), CHF and central sleep apnoea, and CHF and obstructive sleep apnoea. There was a significant detriment of survival in patients with CHF/central sleep apnoea compared with both CHF/obstructive sleep apnoea patients (mean survival time difference 3.8 years, P = 0.005) and controls (mean survival time difference 4.0 years, P = 0.01).
Conflict of interest: will it ever end?
Authors: Carney S. L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDespite the inclusion of investigator–industry pecuniary and non‐pecunary associations in published clinical trials, the benefit of such disclosures may be limited. Two recent pivotal phase III drug studies that raised conflict of interest issues are discussed. It is recommended that in the future, a firewall should be erected between industry and investigators.
How we use recombinant activated Factor VII in patients with haemophilia A or B complicated by inhibitors
Authors: Brown S. A. , Barnes C. , Curtin J. , Dunkley S. , Ockelford P. , Phillips J. , Rowell J. , Smith M. , Tran H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe management of bleeds in patients with haemophilia A or B complicated by inhibitors is complex. Recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven RT) is an established therapy in these patients. To develop a consensus‐based guide on the practical usage of rFVIIa in haemophilia complicated by inhibitors, nine expert haemophilia specialists from Australia and New Zealand developed practice points on the usage of rFVIIa, based on their experience and supported by published data. Practice points were developed for 13 key topics: control of acute bleeding; prophylaxis; surgical prophylaxis; control of breakthrough bleeding during surgery or treatment of acute bleeds; paediatric use; use in elderly; intracranial haemorrhage; immune tolerance induction; difficult bleeds; clinical monitoring of therapy; laboratory monitoring of therapy; concomitant antifibrinolytic medication; practical dosing. Access to home therapy with rFVIIa is important in allowing patients to administer treatment early in bleed management. In adults, 90–120 μg/kg is the favoured starting dose in most settings. Initial dosing using 90–180 μg/kg is recommended for children due to the effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of rFVIIa. In the management of acute bleeds, 2‐hourly dosing is appropriate until bleeding is controlled, with concomitant antifibrinolytic medication unless contraindicated. The practice points provide guidance on the usage of rFVIIa for all clinicians involved in the management of haemophilia complicated by inhibitors.
Visualization and Analysis of Second‐Order Tensors: Moving Beyond the Symmetric Positive‐Definite Case
Authors: Kratz A. , Auer C. , Stommel M. , Hotz I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTensors provide a powerful language to describe physical phenomena. Consequently, they have a long tradition in physics and appear in various application areas, either as the final result of simulations or as intermediate product. Due to their complexity, tensors are hard to interpret. This motivates the development of well‐conceived visualization methods. As a sub‐branch of scientific visualization, tensor field visualization has been especially pushed forward by diffusion tensor imaging. In this review, we focus on second‐order tensors that are not diffusion tensors. Until now, these tensors, which might be neither positive‐definite nor symmetric, are under‐represented in visualization and existing visualization tools are often not appropriate for these tensors. Hence, we discuss the strengths and limitations of existing methods when dealing with such tensors as well as challenges introduced by them. The goal of this paper is to reveal the importance of the field and to encourage the development of new visualization methods for tensors from various application fields.
Migrants' Im/Mobilities on Their Way to the EU: Lost in Transit?
Authors: Schapendonk Joris 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn the late 1990s transit migration to the European Union (EU) has emerged as a new field of discussion in both policy arenas and academia. It refers to migrants who are moving to third countries in the hope of reaching the EU after a short waiting period in the ‘transit country’. It is often seen as the missing link between emigration and settlement in the framework of irregular migration to the EU. This paper contributes to the transit migration debate by approaching migrants' transit statuses from a mobilities perspective. Based on empirical data gathered by the means of ethnographic engagements with sub‐Saharan African migrants in so‐called European transit spaces (Morocco and Turkey), it discusses migrants' experienced immobility and physical immobility on their ways to the EU.
Outcome after Placement of an Artificial Urethral Sphincter in 27 Dogs
Authors: Reeves Lauren , Adin Christopher , McLoughlin Mary , Ham Kathleen , Chew Dennis 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of an adjustable artificial urethral sphincter (AUS) in a population of dogs with acquired or congenital urinary incontinence.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsDogs (n = 27) with naturally occurring urinary incontinence.MethodsMedical records (January 2009–July 2011) of dogs that hadAUSimplantation for treatment of urinary incontinence were reviewed and owners were interviewed by telephone to assess outcome. Continence was scored using a previously established analogue scale, with 1 representing constant leakage and 10 representing complete continence.ResultsTwenty‐four female and 3 male dogs hadAUSimplantation. Causes of incontinence included urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (n = 18), continued incontinence after ectopic ureter repair (6), and pelvic bladder (3). Medical therapy was unsuccessful in 25 dogs beforeAUSimplantation. Surgery was performed without major complications in 25 dogs; 2 developed partial urethral obstruction after 5 and 9 months. Median (interquartile range) follow‐up for the other 25 dogs was 12.5 (6–19) months. Continence scores were significantly improved (P< .0001) between the preoperative period (2 [1–4]) and last follow‐up (9 [8–10]). Overall, 22 owners described themselves as very satisfied, 2 as satisfied, and 3 as unsatisfied.ConclusionsAUSimplantation was successful in restoring continence in male and female dogs with both congenital and acquired urinary incontinence. Dogs that develop partial urethral obstruction may requireAUSremoval.