bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting surface active faults and deep seismogenic sources unveiled by the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake sequence (Italy)
Authors: Bigi Sabina , Casero Piero , Chiarabba Claudio , Di Bucci Daniela 
Published: September 2012

Terra Nova, 25, 21–29, 2013AbstractHow reliably can a seismogenic fault be identified in complex tectonic settings such as the Italian Apennines? The aftershocks of the Mw 6.3, 2009 L'Aquila earthquake developed both on the primary seismogenic fault and on a northwestern, adjacent segment. Here, the active Gorzano normal fault is exposed, and many seismogenic models are based on it. Compared with the tectonic setting, however, the 2009 aftershock sequence shows that the deep seismogenic fault does not correspond with the exposed fault plane. The latter flattens at a depth of ∼4 km, and is totally hosted within a 6–7 km‐thick thrust sheet. The 2009 earthquake sequence, instead, depicts an independent fault in a deeper thrust sheet. The Gorzano fault is kinematically reactivated only at the hangingwall of the deeper fault. In complex tectonic settings, seismogenic faults can be properly characterized only through the joint analysis of many independent geological and geophysical data.
Communication gaps for solid organ transplant‐transmitted infections among infectious disease physicians: an Emerging Infections Network survey
Authors: Miller R.A. , Burdette S.D. , Levi M. , Beekmann S.E. , Polgreen P.M. , Kuehnert M.J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInfectious disease (ID) physicians were surveyed concerning knowledge and management of potential transplant‐transmitted infections (TTIs). On the basis of cumulative responses to 4 questions that assessed solid organ transplant‐related clinical exposures and experience, respondents were divided into 3 groups: most, some, or little transplant experience. Rapid access to donor data was identified as the most important factor when evaluating a potential TTI. Despite varying experience in transplant infections, ID physicians are frequently asked for opinions regarding donor suitability and TTI management. Improved ID physician access to donor information and educational resources will allow more optimal management of potential TTIs.
Investigation of HIV‐1 Assembly and Release Using Modern Fluorescence Imaging Techniques
Authors: Chojnacki Jakub , Müller Barbara 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe replication of HIV‐1, like that of all viruses, is intimately connected with cellular structures and pathways. For many years, bulk biochemical and cell biological methods were the main approaches employed to investigate interactions between HIV‐1 and its host cell. However, during the past decade advancements in fluorescence imaging technologies opened new possibilities for the direct visualization of individual steps occurring throughout the viral replication cycle. Electron microscopy (EM) methods, which have traditionally been employed for the study of viruses, are complemented by fluorescence microscopy (FM) techniques that allow us to follow the dynamics of virus–cell interaction. Subdiffraction fluorescence microscopy, as well as correlative EM/FM approaches, are narrowing the fundamental gap between the high structural resolution provided by EM and the high temporal resolution and throughput accomplished by FM. The application of modern microscopy to the study of HIV‐1–host cell interactions has provided insights into the biology of the virus which could not easily, or not at all, have been gained by other methods. Here, we review how modern fluorescence imaging techniques enhanced our knowledge of the dynamic and structural changes involved in HIV‐1 particle formation.
Serotypes of Salmonella Isolated from Faeces of Patients with Acute Diarrhoea in Gwangju Area, Korea, During 2000–2009
Authors: Kim T. S. , Kim M. J. , Kim S. H. , Seo J. J. , Kee H. Y. , Jung J. K. , Ha D. R. , Kim E. S. , Moon Y. W. , Lim S. K. , Kim M. K. , Nam H. M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the changing pattern of Salmonella serotypes causing acute diarrhoea in humans in Gwangju area, Korea, during 2000–2009. A total of 596 Salmonella isolated from culture of 29 896 faecal samples of patients with acute diarrhoea were included in this study. Faecal samples were collected from local hospitals and clinics in Gwangju area during January 2000–December 2009. The mean annual frequency of isolates for the 10 years was 2.0% (range, 0.9–6.0). The isolates were serologically classified into 43 different serotypes. The 10 most common serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis (47.9%), S. Typhimurium (20.4%), S. Braenderup (3.2%), S. Montevideo (2.9%), S. Paratyphi B (2.9%), S. London (2.3%), S. Bardo (1.7%), S. Virchow (1.7%), S. Infantis (1.5%) and S. Typhi (1.5%), accounting for 86% of all the isolates. Temporal variations were observed in the distribution of different Salmonella serotypes over the years, and only S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were persistent throughout the study period. Although age specificity varied with serotypes, Salmonella was isolated most frequently from children below 5 years of age (179/596, 30.0%). A seasonal trend was apparent, and the highest rates were found in the summer months. This is the first report of the annual frequency of isolation of Salmonella serotypes, and seasonal and age‐specific patterns of salmonellosis in humans in Gwangju area, Korea, over a decade‐long period.
Community mobilisation programme for female sex workers in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India: processes and their effects
Authors: Chakravarthy J B R , Joseph Shaju V , Pelto Pertti , Kovvali Dolly 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThis paper describes the process of setting up community-based organisations (CBOs) of sex workers during the 5-year community mobilisation initiative of the Swagati project, an HIV prevention programme in nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh.MethodThe Swagati project facilitated the formation of 11 CBOs through partnerships with local non-governmental organisations and meetings with groups of sex workers. Activities included peer-led outreach, information campaigns, institution building through community committees and capacity building for organisational development.ResultsIn 2010, a Community Ownership and Preparedness Index tool assessed the CBOs in terms of leadership, democratic governance, decision making and others qualities. All except two CBOs scored in the ‘promising’ category. One of these CBOs moved to promising stage by the year 2011 indicating good progress, considering how recently they were established. The Community Ownership and Preparedness Index assessments of organisational strengths showed wide variations among the CBOs, despite the essentially similar organisational steps taken by the Swagati programme. A Behavioural Tracking Survey (2010) of individual CBO members also showed district-level differences in sex workers' expressions of confidence in collective action, participation in organisational activities and other indicators.ConclusionMobilising marginalised populations such as sex workers to form CBOs is a complex process and can be affected by many influences, including the qualities of CBO leadership. Although the CBOs have not yet reached full ‘maturity’, they have made significant improvements in terms of collectivisation and its translation into collective action as reported by individual sex workers.
DEVELOPING WHAT CUSTOMERS REALLY NEED: INVOLVING CUSTOMERS IN INNOVATIONS
Authors: WEBER MARCEL E. A. , WEGGEMAN MATHIEU C. D. P. , VAN AKEN JOAN E. 
Published: September 2012

Involving users in new product design and development is in itself not a new phenomenon. Academic research on the subject, however, is relatively new. Since this new millennium research on user involvement in innovations has multiplied, exhibiting that firms who actively involve users in their innovation process can benefit from this initiative, even though literature also warns us for relying too much and too actively on the participation of customers in innovation. However, research is mainly descriptive and explanatory of nature, and is seldom a prescription for firm managers on what to do should they decide to involve their customers in an innovation initiative.This paper addresses this omission in literature and tries to give some first building blocks for a protocol for firms that want to involve their customers in innovations. This protocol will be the result of the author's further research on literature, previously executed projects by the author, expert interviews and a design and development process, in continuation of this paper.
Sedimentary and structural evidence for two-phase Upper Cretaceous and Eocene emplacement of the Tauride thrust sheets in central southern Turkey
Authors: Mackintosh Peter W. , Robertson Alastair H. F. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The development of the central Tauride region was dominated by rifting and passive margin development during Triassic–Early Cretaceous. The Tauride continental margin was later destabilized, followed by subsidence and collapse to form a flexurally controlled foredeep. Volcanic–sedimentary mélange and ophiolitic rocks were thrust onto the northern margin of the Tauride carbonate platform (Geyik Dağ) during Campanian–Maastrichtian. The remaining non-emplaced Tauride shelf subsided to form a second-stage foredeep during the Eocene. This basin was finally over-ridden by large thrust slices of Tauride shelf sediments, represented by the Hadim and Bolkar nappes, together with previously emplaced continental margin and ophiolitic units. Large- and small-scale field kinematic data indicate regional emplacement towards the west or SW. The ophiolitic rocks and related mélange were emplaced directly onto the Tauride autochthon (Geyik Dağ) in response to regional-scale out-of-sequence thrusting. Localized backthrusting to the NE took place in a transpressive setting. In the south, the relatively distal Bolkar nappe was emplaced over the more proximal Hadim nappe to produce the present thrust stacking order. The two-phase emplacement reflects initial northward subduction, which culminated in trench-continental margin collision (Campanian–Maastrichtian). This was followed by continent–continent collision (Eocene) related to suturing of a Mesozoic ocean basin to the north.
Cenozoic tectonics and evolution of the Euphrates valley in Syria
Authors: Trifonov V. G. , Bachmanov D. M. , Ali O. , Dodonov A. E. , Ivanova T. P. , Syas'ko A. A. , Kachaev A. V. , Grib N. N. , Imaev V. S. , Ali M. , Al-Kafri A. M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Late Cenozoic tectonics affected the evolution of the Euphrates river valley in northern Syria. Data on the height and composition of terraces and new K–Ar dating of overlying basalts are presented for the area between the Assad Reservoir and the town of Abou Kamal. The presence of the Late Cenozoic Euphrates Fault, longitudinal with respect to the valley, is established by the lower height of the terraces on the NE side of the valley compared with the same terraces on the SW side. Geophysical profiling (dipole axial sounding; correlation refraction method and georadar) across the southern side of the valley (opposite the town of Ar Raqqa) confirms the offset on the fault as >25 m. Movements along the transverse Rasafeh–El Faid fault zone and the Halabiyeh–Zalabiyeh deformation zone have resulted in local uplift and the splitting of river terraces. During the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene, uplift and strong incision of the Euphrates valley propagated from near the Syrian–Turkish border to near the Iraq–Syrian border. The Euphrates began to deposit alluvium onto the pre-existing low-lying Mesopotamian Foredeep at
c.
3.5 Ma. Intense incision began by late Late-Pliocene time to form terrace IV. Comparable incision further downstream began during the Early Pleistocene to form terrace III.
Molecular Pathways: Tumor Cells Co-opt the Brain-Specific Metabolism GeneCPT1Cto Promote Survival
Authors: Reilly Patrick T. , Mak Tak W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe metabolic adaptations of cancer cells are receiving renewed attention as potential targets for therapeutic exploitation. Recent work has highlighted the importance of fatty acid catabolism through β-oxidation to cellular energy homeostasis. In this article, we describe recent preclinical studies suggesting that a gene usually expressed only in the brain, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)1C, promotes cancer cell survival and tumor growth. CTP1C confers rapamycin resistance on breast cancer cells, indicating that this gene may act in a pathway parallel to mTOR-enhanced glycolysis. Because of CPT1C's normally brain-restricted expression and the inability of most drugs to pass the blood–brain barrier, CPT1C may be an ideal candidate for specific small-molecule inhibition. We further speculate that concurrent targeting of CPT1C activity and glycolysis in tumor cells could be a highly effective anticancer approach. Clin Cancer Res; 18(21); 5850–5. ©2012 AACR.
Anti-DLL4 Has Broad Spectrum Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Dependent on Targeting DLL4-Notch Signaling in Both Tumor and Vasculature Cells
Authors: Yen Wan-Ching , Fischer Marcus M. , Hynes Mark , Wu Jingjiang , Kim Edward , Beviglia Lucia , Yeung V. Pete , Song Xiaomei , Kapoun Ann M. , Lewicki John , Gurney Austin , Simeone Diane M. , Hoey Timothy 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Purpose: We previously showed that targeting Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in colon and breast tumors inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor initiating cell frequency. In this report, we have extended these studies to pancreatic cancer and probed the mechanism of action in tumor and stromal cells involved in antitumor efficacy.
Experimental Design: Patient-derived pancreatic xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of anti-DLL4. To investigate the mechanism of action, we compared the activity of targeting DLL4 in tumor cells with an anti-human DLL4 antibody (anti-hDLL4) and in the host stroma/vasculature with an anti-mouse DLL4 antibody (anti-mDLL4). The effect of these antibodies on cancer stem cell frequency was examined by in vivo limiting dilution assays.
Results: The combination of anti-hDLL4 and anti-mDLL4 was efficacious in a broad spectrum of pancreatic tumor xenografts and showed additive antitumor activity together with gemcitabine. Treatment with either anti-hDLL4 or anti-mDLL4 delayed pancreatic tumor recurrence following termination of gemcitabine treatment, and the two together produced an additive effect. Anti-hDLL4 had a pronounced effect in reducing the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells based on serial transplantation and tumorsphere assays. In contrast, disruption of tumor angiogenesis with anti-mDLL4 alone or with anti-VEGF had minimal effects on tumorigenicity. Gene expression analyses indicated that anti-DLL4 treatment regulated genes that participate in Notch signaling, pancreatic differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer treatment through antagonism of DLL4/Notch signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5374–86. ©2012 AACR.
Assessing the impact of a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia protocol on patient management, outcomes and cost
Authors: Koerber John , Mehta Trupti , Forsyth Lisa , Conger Elizabeth , Corbets Lindsey , Mattson Joan , Smythe Maureen 
Published: September 2012

SummaryEstablishing the diagnosis of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is challenging as laboratory tests for HIT vary in specificity and availability. As HIT suspicion far exceeds confirmation of diagnosis, overtreatment is an emerging concern. This pilot study evaluated the impact of a HIT Recognition and Management Protocol on direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) prescribing, outcomes, and cost. The primary endpoint was DTI cessation within 12 hours of receipt of negative HIT serology. An observational cohort study using a pre-post design was performed. Sixty-one patients were in the pre-period (before implementation) and 46 in the post-period (after implementation). DTI therapy was discontinued within 12 hours of negative serology in 19.4% of pre-period patients compared to 40% of post-period patients, p=.058. DTI therapy was discontinued within 24 hours of receipt of a negative PF4/heparin ELISA more often in the post-period ; 7/23 (30.4%) pre-period patients versus 16/26 (61.5%) post-period patients, p <0.05. Protocol implementation resulted in a significant improvement in timely initiation of DTI therapy (within 12 hours of HIT antibody testing) in those with a moderate to high suspicion of HIT; 8/31 (25.8%) of pre-period patients versus 24/31 (77.4%) of post-period patients, p <0.0001. Thrombotic events occurred in significantly more patients in the pre-period as compared to the post-period; 21/61 (34.4%) versus 6/46 (13%), respectively, p = 0.01. Major bleeding was reduced by 6.6 % after protocol implementation. The projected annual cost savings from decreased inappropriate DTI use was over $450,000. Protocol implementation had a positive impact on DTI prescribing, outcomes and cost.
Psychometric Assessment of the Croatian Version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form
Authors: Pavicic Bosnjak Anita , Rumboldt Mirjana , Stanojevic Milan , Dennis Cindy Lee 
Published: September 2012

Background: Many mothers find it difficult to breastfeed exclusively for the recommended 6 months postpartum. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form (BSES-SF) was developed to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy, an important predictor of breastfeeding outcomes. Objective: To translate and psychometrically assess the BSES-SF among women in Croatia. Methods: A convenience sample of 190 breastfeeding mothers was recruited from a Baby-Friendly hospital in Zagreb, Croatia. In-hospital mothers completed questionnaires that included the translated BSES-SF, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and a demographic questionnaire. The follow-up questionnaires were administered to mothers at 1 and 6 months postpartum to determine their infant feeding method. Results: The mean total score of the Croatian version of the BSES-SF was 55 ± 7. The Cronbach α coefficient for internal consistency was 0.86, suggesting good reliability. In-hospital BSES-SF scores significantly predicted breastfeeding duration and exclusivity at 1 and 6 months postpartum, providing support for predictive validity. The BSES-SF scores were significantly correlated with the total SOC scores ( r = 0.32, P < .001) and the SOC subscales of comprehensibility ( r = 0.35, P < .001), manageability ( r = 0.26, P < .001), and meaningfulness ( r = 0.20, P = .005), providing support for construct validity. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the translated version of the BSES-SF may be a valid and reliable measure of breastfeeding self-efficacy among postpartum women in Croatia.
Medical Manuscripts Impact of Hospice Enrollment on Cost and Length of Stay of a Terminal Admission
Authors: Weckmann Michelle T. , Freund Katherine , Bay Camden , Broderick Ann 
Published: September 2012

Objective: To determine whether hospice enrollment at the time of a terminal admission alters the length of stay (LOS) or costs compared with patients not enrolled in hospice. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all nontraumatic inpatient deaths of patients with a previous admission in the preceding 12 months at an academic hospital. Results: 209 patients had a nontraumatic death and an admission in the year prior to the terminal admission. Patients enrolled in hospice had a shorter LOS ( P = .02) and lower cost ( P < .0001) than patients not enrolled at the time of their terminal admission. Conclusions: Enrollment in hospice during a terminal admission decreased cost and LOS. Hospice may be a way to provide more cost-effective, appropriate care to dying patients.
Endocytosis of soluble immune complexes leads to their clearance by FcγRIIIB but induces neutrophil extracellular traps via FcγRIIA in vivo
Authors: Chen Kan , Nishi Hiroshi , Travers Richard , Tsuboi Naotake , Martinod Kimberly , Wagner Denisa D. , Stan Radu , Croce Kevin , Mayadas Tanya N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSoluble immune complexes (ICs) are abundant in autoimmune diseases, yet neutrophil responses to these soluble humoral factors remain uncharacterized. Moreover, the individual role of the uniquely human FcγRIIA and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)–linked FcγRIIIB in IC-mediated inflammation is still debated. Here we exploited mice and cell lines expressing these human neutrophil FcγRs to demonstrate that FcγRIIIB alone, in the absence of its known signaling partners FcγRIIA and the integrin Mac-1, internalizes soluble ICs through a mechanism used by GPI-anchored receptors and fluid-phase endocytosis. FcγRIIA also uses this pathway. As shown by intravital microscopy, FcγRIIA but not FcγRIIIB-mediated neutrophil interactions with extravascular soluble ICs results in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tissues. Unexpectedly, in wild-type mice, IC-induced NETosis does not rely on the NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase, or neutrophil elastase. In the context of soluble ICs present primarily within vessels, FcγRIIIB-mediated neutrophil recruitment requires Mac-1 and is associated with the removal of intravascular IC deposits. Collectively, our studies assign a new role for FcγRIIIB in the removal of soluble ICs within the vasculature that may serve to maintain homeostasis, whereas FcγRIIA engagement of tissue soluble ICs generates NETs, a proinflammatory process linked to autoimmunity.
Transcription and translation are primary targets of Pim kinase inhibitor SGI-1776 in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Yang Qingshan , Chen Lisa S. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Miranda Roberto N. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Gandhi Varsha 
Published: September 2012

AbstractProviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) kinases are serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases and oncoproteins that promote tumor progression. Three isoforms of Pim kinases have been identified and are known to phosphorylate numerous substrates, with regulatory functions in transcription, translation, cell cycle, and survival pathways. These kinases are involved in production, proliferation, and survival of normal B cells and are overexpressed in B-cell malignancies such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). SGI-1776 is a small mol-ecule and Pim kinase inhibitor with selectivity for Pim-1. We hypothesize that Pim kinase function can be inhibited by SGI-1776 in MCL and that inhibition of phosphorylation of downstream substrates will disrupt transcriptional, translational, and cell cycle processes and promote cell death. SGI-1776 treatment in 4 MCL cell lines resulted in apoptosis induction. Phosphorylation of transcription (c-Myc) and translation targets (4E-BP1), tested in Jeko-1 and Mino, was declined. Consistent with these data, Mcl-1 and cyclin D1 protein levels were decreased. Importantly, similar to cell line data, MCL primary cells but not normal cells showed similar inhibition of substrate phosphorylation and cytotoxicity from SGI-1776 treatment. Genetic knockdown of Pim-1/Pim-2 affected similar proteins in MCL cell lines. Collectively these data demonstrate Pim kinases as therapeutic targets in MCL.