bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conversion of Diazocarbonyl Compounds to Imines: Applications to the Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrimidines and β‐Lactams.
Authors: Mandler Michael D. , Truong Phong M. , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of α‐carbonylimines by rhodium(II)‐catalyzed reactions of α‐diazoesters and organic azides is developed and applied in hetero‐Diels—Alder reactions to form highly functionalized tetrahydropyrimidines (IX) and in a one‐pot, multicomponent transformation between aryldiazoacetates, p‐anisyl azide, and an enonediazoacetate to produce β‐lactams (XI) in high yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Transformation of Arylpropynes to Acrylamides via a Three‐Step Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Qiu Jun , Zhang Ronghua 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel and metal‐free acrylamide formation between arylpropynes (I) and (III) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride through sp3 C—H and C—C bond cleavage is achieved using DDQ as an oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations (DyKAT) of β‐Stereogenic α‐Ketoesters by Direct Aldolization.
Authors: Corbett Michael T. , Johnson Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDyKAT of racemic β‐bromo‐α‐keto esters by direct aldolization of nitromethane and acetone give fully substituted α‐glycolic acid derivatives bearing a β‐stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Tertiary Amine‐Promoted Enone Aziridination: Investigations into Factors Influencing Enantioselective Induction.
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Pullin Robert D. C. , Jenner Chloe R. , Foo Klement , White Andrew J. P. , Scutt James N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUpon several tested tertiary amines quinine shows to be the best promoter for the asymmetric aziridination of α,β‐unsaturated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—H Activation of Arylacetylenes: A Fast Assembly of 3‐(Arylethynyl)‐3‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐ones Using CuI/DBU.
Authors: Chouhan Mangilal , Senwar Kishna Ram , Kumar Kapil , Sharma Ratnesh , Nair Vipin A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis highly efficient synthesis affords the title compounds with excellent yields, and in very short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Annulations of Allenes with N‐Hydroxyanilines to Form Indole Derivatives with Benzaldehyde as a Promoter.
Authors: Kawade Rahul Kisan , Huang Po‐Han , Karad Somnath Narayan , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: June 2014

Abstract2,3‐Disubstituted indole derivatives (III) and (V) are prepared from N‐hydroxyanilines (II) and (IV) and allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Dispiro[1‐benzothiophene‐5,3′‐pyrrolidine‐2′,3′′‐indole] Derivatives via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide.
Authors: Yan Jinlong 
Published: June 2014

Abstractgenerated in situ from isatin and Sarcosine to 5‐arylmethylene‐benzothiophenones (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Pyrrolophenanthridone Skeleton via a One‐Pot Intramolecular Heck Reaction and Oxidation.
Authors: Cong Wei , Zhao Lei , Wu Xiaoming , Xu Jinyi , Yao Hequan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA one‐pot Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular sequential Heck reaction/oxidation of N‐(ortho‐bromobenzyl) substituted 2,3‐disubstituted indoles offers a direct synthesis of pyrrolophenanthridinones, generally in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dipyrrolo[3,4‐a:3,4‐c]carbazoles: New Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Pereira Elisabeth , Youssef Ali , El‐Ghozzi Malika , Avignant Daniel , Bain Jennifer , Prudhomme Michelle , Anizon Fabrice , Moreau Pascale 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDepending on the applied amine the Diels—Alder reaction of (I) yields the two diastereomers (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly N2‐Selective Coupling of 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Indole and Pyrrole.
Authors: Wen Jian , Zhu Li‐Li , Bi Qing‐Wei , Shen Zhu‐Qing , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Li Xin , Wang Zhen , Chen Zili 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the presence of NIS or N‐iodophthalimide, 1,2,3‐triazoles are found to react with pyrroles and indoles with high degree of N2‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of 3,5‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Rings Triggered by Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide: A Highly Efficient and Fluoride‐Free Ring Closure Reaction of O‐Acylamidoximes.
Authors: Otaka Hiromichi , Ikeda Junya , Tanaka Daisuke , Tobe Masanori 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds in the absence of fluoride thus avoiding corrosion of reaction vessels and allowing large‐scale synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Benzylic Cyclizations of Alkylpyridines.
Authors: Lansakara Ashabha I. , Farrell Daniel P. , Pigge F. Christopher 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA series of hydroxyl lactams (II), (V), and (VIII) is prepared by benzylic cyclization of corresponding ketoamides using TfOH as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic ipso‐Iodocyclization of N‐Benzyl‐N‐(1‐naphthyl)propiolamides: Synthesis of Complex Polycyclic Lactams.
Authors: Wang Li‐Jing , Zhu Hai‐Tao , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe first protocol involving a Friedel—Crafts‐type reaction combined with an intramolecular electrophilic ipso‐iodocyclization of title propiol amides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine/CuI‐Mediated Alkyne—Carbonyl Metathesis Reaction: Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1,2‐dihydrochromeno[2,3‐b]azepine‐3,6‐dione.
Authors: Maiti Sourav , Biswas Pritam , Ghosh Jaydip , Drew Michael G.B. , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFor the first time intramolecular alkyne‐carbonyl metathesis reactions are reported where I2 and catalytic amounts of CuI activate both the carbonyl and the alkyne moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper/Iron‐Catalyzed Ullmann Coupling of Diiodo‐ and Dibromoarenes and Diphenols for the Synthesis of Aryl Ether Macrocycles.
Authors: Zhou Qizhong , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA series of macrocyclic aryl ethers are synthesized in a one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalyst Mediated Regio‐ and Stereo‐Selective Hydroxylation and Epoxidation of (Z)‐α‐Santalol.
Authors: Daramwar Pankaj P. , Srivastava Prabhakar Lal , Kolet Swati P. , Thulasiram Hirekodathakallu V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe fermentation of (Z)‐α‐santalyl acetate with Mucor piriformis leads to four novel santalol metabolites (I)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Exo‐Glucals via a Modified Julia Olefination and Identification as Selective β‐Glucosidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Habib Samuel , Larnaud Florent , Pfund Emmanuel , Mena Barragan Teresa , Lequeux Thierry , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Goekjian Peter G. , Gueyrard David 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA series of fluorine and non‐fluorine‐substituted C‐glucosylidenes (III)/(IV) is synthesized as mixtures of (E)/(Z)‐isomers via a modified Julia olefination.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Prenylated and Geranylated Chalcone Natural Products by Regiospecific Iodination and Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Wang Haomeng , Yan Zhihong , Lei Yanan , Sheng Kai , Yao Qingwei , Lu Kui , Yu Peng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBased on the regioselective iodination of the bis Mom‐protected methyl aryl ketones (I) a convenient synthesis of bavachalcone (VIIa) and isoxanthoangelol (VIIb) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering in Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide: Targets, Reactors and Guidelines for Operational Conditions
Authors: Garcia‐Serna Juan , Moreno Teresa , Biasi Pierdomenico , Cocero Maria J. , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka , Salmi Tapio O. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractReview: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromide‐Bromate Couple of Varying Ratios for Bromination, Vicinal Functionalisation and Oxidation in a Clean Manner
Authors: Adimurthy Subbarayappa , Ranu Brindaban C. , Ramachandraiah Gadde , Ganguly Bishwajit , Ghosh Pushpito K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractReview: 214 refs.
Site‐Directed RNA Editing with Antagomir Deaminases — A Tool to Study Protein and RNA Function
Authors: Vogel Paul , Stafforst Thorsten 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRNA‐guided machineries perfectly satisfy the demand for rationally programmable tools that manipulate gene function inside the cell. Over the last ten years, various natural machineries have been harnessed, with RNA interference being among the most prominent examples. It is now time to tackle the engineering of novel RNA‐guided tools not provided by nature. In this respect, we highlight RNA‐guided site‐directed RNA editing as a new concept for the manipulation of RNA and protein function. In contrast to currently available techniques, RNA editing allows for the introduction of selected point mutations into the transcriptome without the need for genomic manipulation. In particular, the approach described using chemically stabilized, antagomir‐like guideRNAs may offer advantages over others, such as specificity and circumvention of immunogenicity. These new tools have significant potential for the advancement of both basic science and medicinal application, especially in the treatment of genetic diseases.
Sodium–Metal Halide and Sodium–Air Batteries
Authors: Ha Seongmin , Kim Jae‐Kwang , Choi Aram , Kim Youngsik , Lee Kyu Tae 
Published: June 2014

AbstractImpressive developments have been made in the past a few years toward the establishment of Na‐ion batteries as next‐generation energy‐storage devices and replacements for Li‐ion batteries. Na‐based cells have attracted increasing attention owing to low production costs due to abundant sodium resources. However, applications of Na‐ion batteries are limited to large‐scale energy‐storage systems because of their lower energy density compared to Li‐ion batteries and their potential safety problems. Recently, Na‐metal cells such as Na–metal halide and Na–air batteries have been considered to be promising for use in electric vehicles owing to good safety and high energy density, although less attention is focused on Na‐metal cells than on Na‐ion cells. This Minireview provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the fields of Na–metal halide and Na–air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of new electrochemical systems.
Is Dysfunctional Use of the Mobile Phone a Behavioural Addiction? Confronting Symptom‐Based Versus Process‐Based Approaches
Authors: Billieux Joël , Philippot Pierre , Schmid Cécile , Maurage Pierre , De Mol Jan , Van der Linden Martial 
Published: June 2014

Dysfunctional use of the mobile phone has often been conceptualized as a ‘behavioural addiction’ that shares most features with drug addictions. In the current article, we challenge the clinical utility of the addiction model as applied to mobile phone overuse. We describe the case of a woman who overuses her mobile phone from two distinct approaches: (1) a symptom‐based categorical approach inspired from the addiction model of dysfunctional mobile phone use and (2) a process‐based approach resulting from an idiosyncratic clinical case conceptualization. In the case depicted here, the addiction model was shown to lead to standardized and non‐relevant treatment, whereas the clinical case conceptualization allowed identification of specific psychological processes that can be targeted with specific, empirically based psychological interventions. This finding highlights that conceptualizing excessive behaviours (e.g., gambling and sex) within the addiction model can be a simplification of an individual's psychological functioning, offering only limited clinical relevance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The addiction model, applied to excessive behaviours (e.g., gambling, sex and Internet‐related activities) may lead to non‐relevant standardized treatments.
Clinical case conceptualization allowed identification of specific psychological processes that can be targeted with specific empirically based psychological interventions.
The biomedical model might lead to the simplification of an individual's psychological functioning with limited clinical relevance.
Pedestal Structure without and with 3D Fields
Authors: Callen J. D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAchieving high pedestal pressures in H(high)‐mode plasmas confined in tokamaks is critical for obtaining fusion burning plasmas in ITER. Recent characterizations of quasi‐equilibrium plasma parameter profiles in low collisionality H‐mode pedestals in the DIII‐D tokamak are briefly summarized. Critical plasma transport properties (large radial electron heat flow, density pinch) that establish the transport barrier structure of the pedestal profiles are identified. The paleoclassical transport model, which naturally includes a density pinch, is shown to provide the minimum electron heat and density transport in the pedestal. Microinstabilities can provide additional plasma transport within and especially at the top of pedestals. Macroscopic peeling‐ballooning (P‐B) instabilities cause periodic edge localized modes (ELMs) that limit the temporal and spatial growth of the pedestal initially and between ELMs. Externally imposed 3D resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in the pedestal have been used to stabilize P‐B modes and suppress ELMs. A magnetic flutter model of plasma transport induced by the 3D RMPs has been developed for low collisionality DIII‐D pedestals. Comparisons of it with data on ELM suppression by RMPs indicate it can provide a “diffusivity hill” at the pedestal top that can impede pedestal growth and thereby stabilize P‐B modes and suppress ELMs. Finally, transport equations for plasma density, electron and ion pressures and, most importantly, the plasma toroidal rotation frequency (and hence, via radial force balance, the radial electric field) in the presence of plasma transport due to collisional, paleoclassical, microturbulence‐induced and 3D field effects are presented. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Benchmark of Monte Carlo Scheme of EMC3 Dealing with NonUniform Cross‐Field Transport Coefficients and Implementation in LHD
Authors: Kobayashi M. , Feng Y. , Yamada I. , Hayashi H. , Kawamura G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe new code version of EMC3, which can deal with non‐uniform cross‐field transport coefficient, is benchmarked with analytical problem and a finite difference method. It has been confirmed that for arbitrary spatial change of the transport coefficient the error is suppressed below tolerable level for the purpose of comparison with experiments. The first implementation of the new code in LHD stochastic layer shows existence of significant change of cross‐field transport in radial direction. The location of the change corresponds to the boundary between long flux tubes region and the edge surface layers (where long and short flux tubes co‐exist, i.e. laminar zone). (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modified Power Transmission Factor of Tungsten in Plasmas with Hot Electron Component
Authors: Takamura S. , Ono S. , Ohno N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPower transmission factors (PTF) through the sheath of helium plasmas with hot electron component against two kinds of tungsten wall, virgin as well as nanostructured one due to helium irradiation are studied theoretically and experimentally. In the present theory the ion‐induced electron emission in addition to secondary electron emission is taken into account, contributing to the cooling of the wall. Some discussions on the comparison between the measurement and the modified PTF theory are given. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Turbulent Fluctuations on Neutral Particle Penetration and Charge Exchange Sputtering
Authors: Mekkaoui A. , Kotov V. , Reiter D. , Boerner P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this contribution we present results on the effect of turbulent plasma fluctuations on the transport of atoms and molecules as well as on impurities sputtered due to charge exchange atomic bombardment. These phenomena are investigated using the kinetic Monte‐Carlo particle transport code EIRENE and a statistical model of plasma fluctuations. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Fluid Modelling of the Plasma Edge Response to a 3D Object and Application to Mach Probe Measurements
Authors: Paredes A. , Serre E. , Schwander F. , Ghendrih Ph. , Tamain P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe penalization method Ref. [1] is used to model the interaction of 3D probe with an isothermal plasma. Density maps show that the region perturbed by the obstacle, is not restricted to its near neighbourhood, but can extend to the whole SOL. In the particular case of a probe, which is used to measure local plasma parameters, this impact can lead to violation of assumptions of locality of the perturbation usually used in determining Mach number from the imbalance in density on both sides of the probe. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementation of PIC/MC Code BIT1 in ITM Platform
Authors: Tskhakaya D. , Coster D. , ITM‐TF contributors  
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe describe the development of the user friendly version of massively parallel PIC code BIT1 for plasma edge simulations and its implementation into the Integrated Tokamak Modeling (ITM) platform. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Simple Hybrid Model for SOL, Pedestal and Core Tokamak Plasmas
Authors: Bykov A. S. , Sergeev V. Yu. , Kuteev B.V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the divertor heat flux density profile is being discussed. The simple robust model, dealing with core, pedestal and edge plasmas was improved. The model was applied to the ITER basic regime. Heat flux density was estimated for two different cases of heat flux SOL width of ITER. In the case of wide 2 cm SOL, the peak divertor heat flux density is under technological limit of 10 MW/m2. In the case of quite narrow 1 mm width SOL, peak divertor heat flux density exceeds this limit by several times and detached divertor regimes should be considered. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of the Backflow Model for Simplified Impurity Exhaust in Monte‐Carlo Calculation
Authors: Hoshino K. , Shimizu K. , Kawashima H. , Takizuka T. , Nakano T. , Ide S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Monte‐Carlo (MC) approach has a lot of flexibility in impurity transport modeling in the SOL and divertor region. However, in the divertor plasma simulation with the noble impurity seeding, characteristic time of the impurity transport especially in the sub‐divertor chamber is long because the MC calculation of the impurity gas transport can be finished only by exhaust. The impurity MC calculation for such long exhaust processes is difficult in a series of the iterative calculation of a suite of integrated divertor codes SONIC. In order to overcome such a problem, a backflow model has been developed. Amount of the backflow flux from the sub‐divertor chamber to the divertor region is evaluated in advance, and then simulating impurity flux is injected from the exhaust slot to the divertor region like a backflow. By this model, the MC calculation time is reduced significantly and iterative calculation of SONIC becomes possible within a reasonable calculation time. As a demonstration, the SONIC code with the backflow model has been applied to investigation of power handling in JT‐60SA divertor. The SONIC simulation showed that low divertor heat load (< 10 MW/m2) with the low SOL density (< 1.5 × 1019m–3), which is required in the full non‐inductive current drive scenario, was achieved by the Ar gas puffing of 0.86 Pa m3/s. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic Processes Applied to the Spectroscopic Diagnostic of Hydrogen in Edge Plasmas
Authors: Hannachi I. , Capes H. , Godbert‐Mouret L. , Guzman F. , Koubiti M. , Marandet Y. , Rosato J. , Meftah M.T. , Stamm R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStochastic processes may be used as an efficient model for the line shapes affected by Stark effect in edge plasma conditions. We check the accuracy of this approach on the Lyman γ line of hydrogen perturbed by ions only. We also use a stochastic process to investigate the effect of plasma oscillations on a line shape. Our model assumes that Langmuir waves are a sequence of oscillating electric fields changing their amplitude and phase according to an exponential waiting time distribution. The possible effects of Langmuir waves on the Lyman α Stark profile are discussed in edge plasma conditions. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time Dependent Collisional‐Radiative Model for Scrape‐Off Layer Impurity Turbulent Transport Studies
Authors: Guzmán F. , Marandet Y. , Moulton D. , Futtersack R. , Ghendrih Ph. , Guirlet R. , Rosato J. , Stamm R. , Tamain P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe effects of Scrape‐off layer (SOL) turbulent fluctuations on the ionization/recombination source terms in the continuity equations for impurities are investigated. These effects come in addition to those related to turbulent transport, and could be important in the SOL owing to the large relative fluctuation levels measured there. Given the time scales involved, the ionization balance does not follow adiabatically fluctuations. In order to investigate these effects, we have developed a time dependent solver for the population kinetics of the full atomic system. A first calculation is performed for beryllium, using turbulent fields from the TOKAM2D non isothermal code. Turbulent fluctuations are shown to shift substantially the abundances of the different ionization stages via source averaging effects. A stochastic model, which could potentially be used to generate fluctuation averaged ionization/recombination rate coefficients, is then used to model the output of TOKAM2D. The results for abundances are compared to those of the population kinetics code. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated Simulation Study of ELM Pacing by Pellet Injection in ITER
Authors: Hayashi N. , Aiba N. , Takizuka T. , Oyama N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSimulations with an integrated code TOPICS‐IB showed that a small pellet can significantly reduce the ELM energy loss by penetrating deeply into the pedestal and triggering high‐n ballooning modes localized near the pedestal top, with conditions; the injection from the low‐field‐side with a speed fast enough to approach the pedestal top when the pedestal pressure is about 95% of natural ELM onset. The effectiveness of the above suitable conditions of pellet injection for ELM pacing has been confirmed by JT‐60U and then ITER simulations. The pellet particle content required for ELM pacing is larger for the pedestal plasma with higher density and farther from the stability boundary of ideal ballooning mode near the pedestal top. For an ITER standard scenario, the required pellet particle content is about a few % of pedestal particle content, which gives the physics background to the present design value. Simulations also showed that fueling pellets can be injected from the high‐field‐side just after ELM pacing pellets without disturbing the pacing. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Methods for 3D Tokamak Simulations Using a Flux‐Surface Independent Grid
Authors: Stegmeir A. , Coster D. , Maj O. , Lackner K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA numerical approach for 3D Tokamak simulations using a flux surface independent grid is presented. The grid consists of few poloidal planes with a Cartesian isotropic grid within each poloidal plane. Perpendicular operators can be discretised within a poloidal plane using standard second order finite difference methods. The discretisation of parallel operators is achieved with a field line following map and an interpolation. The application of the support operator method to the parallel diffusion operator conserves the self‐adjointness of the operator on the discrete level and keeps the numerical decay rate at a low level. The developed numerical methods can be applied to geometries where an X‐point is present. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)