bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of retinal and choroidal involvement in tuberculous chorioretinitis in a non‐endemic area
Authors: Massy R. , Herbort C.P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo assess the respective involvement of retina versus choroid in presumed ocular tuberculosis (POT) in a non‐endemic area using dual fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).MethodsRetrospective study on patients with the diagnosis of POT seen in the Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care, Lausanne, Switzerland. Angiography signs were quantified according to an established FA and ICGA scoring system for uveitis (Int Ophthalmol. 2010;30:539–52 and Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2010;18:385–9).ResultsAmong the 1739 uveitis patients seen from 1995 to 2014, 53 patients were diagnosed as POT (3%) of which 28 had sufficient data to be included in the study. The choroid was predominantly involved in 22 patients and the retina in 6 patients. The mean angiographic score was 6.19/36 ± 4.11 for the retina versus 13.48/36 ± 7.06 for the choroid. For patients having sufficient angiographic follow‐up, the scores decreased from 6.19 to 2.40 ± 2.39 for FA and from 13.48 to 7.87 ± 5.37 for ICGA after combined antituberculous and inflammation suppressive therapy.ConclusionsThis study shows for the first time the respective involvement of retina and choroid in POT. Choroid is preferentially involved for which ICGA is the examination of choice. By looking only at FA, there is a risk of underestimating global ocular involvement and to miss the diagnosis. To evaluate correctly intraocular inflammation in POT and to have a better follow‐up, the use of dual FA & ICG angiography is recommended. On the other hand, in case of a compatible uveitis having a positive IGRA test, in a non‐endemic area, dual FA & ICGA should be performed to avert or help the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis.
Subthreshold Micropulse Yellow Laser (577 nm) Photocoagulation for Subfoveal Serous Pigment Epithelium Detachment
Authors: Park H. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser photocoagulation(SMYLP) for subfoveal serous pigment epithelial detachment(SPED).MethodsWe evaluated retrospectively 6 eyes of 5 patients with symptomatic subfoveal SPED treated with SMYLP. SMYLP was performed on the entire area of SPED with Supra 577Y Laser System(Quantel Medical). The SMYLP settings were 100 μm spot diameter, 20 ms duration, 15% duty cycle, 3 × 3 pattern. If SPED was not definitely restored, we applied laser again with more increased power at 1 or 2 months interval.ResultsAll patients were received 3 or 5 times bevacizumab or ranibizumab injections before SMYLP. The total follow‐up period was 26.5 (18–36) months, mean follow‐up period after laser application was 19.8 (15–32) months. Mean height of PED before treatment was 349.2 ± 53.22 μm. About 3 (2–4) sessions SMYLPs were performed. All eyes showed nearly complete resolutions of the PED for 5.6 (5–7) months, which were sustained during the follow‐up. Mean BCVA before treatment was 0.11 (0–0.22) logMAR and mean BCVA at final follow‐up was 0.07 (0–0.22) logMAR. After PED resolution, all patients had increased vision and metamorphopsia improvement. After PED resolution, usually there were seen in mild RPE atrophies in fundus and OCT image, and these atrophies were not aggravated.ConclusionsSMYLP for subfoveal SPED induced the resolution of SPED and symptom improvement. But after SPED resolution, mild RPE atrophy was detected. We think this finding was related to subsequent epithelial atrophy after resolution of SPED or laser damage. Prospectively, the study about long‐term efficacy and safety of this treatment will be needed.
Objective assessment of cataract: Comparison between the Lens Opacities Classification System III and a Scheimpflug camera
Authors: Birkeldh U. , Domínguez‐Vicent A. , Laurell C.G. , Brautaset R. , Nilsson M. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeDevelop an automatic system for cataract classification using the Sirius Scheimpflug for both nuclear and cortical cataract.MethodsScheimpflug images were taken using the Sirius system in 50 patients with nuclear and/or cortical cataract (mean age 69 ± 9.2 years). The nuclear opacity (NO) and cortical opacity was graded by an ophthalmologist according to the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCSIII) by comparing the slit‐lamp image with the LOCS's standard nuclear images. A custom‐made MATLAB program was used to calculate the pixel intensity value within a region of interest (ROI) of the nucleus and to calculate the percentage of opaque pixels in the cortex.ResultsEighty‐nine eyes with nuclear and 81 eyes with cortical cataract were analysed. Both average and maximum NO pixel intensity units obtained from the ROI had a significant correlation with LOCS III (r = 0.731; P < 0.01 and r = 0.738; P < 0.01). The mean average NO was 21.77 ± 11.59 pixel intensity units and the mean maximum NO was 38.94 ± 18.52. A significant and positive correlation with LOCS III (r = 0.812; P < 0.01) was found when the whole cortex area was analysed.ConclusionsThe results from this study indicate that the Sirius Scheimpflug has a good correlation with LOCS III for lens density measurements. The use of a Scheimpflug camera might be a valuable tool in clinical practice to grade nuclear and cortical cataracts automatically and objectively.
Pigment epithelium central limit ‐ Inner limit of the retina, Minimal Distance, PIMD, a morphometrical variable for glaucoma follow‐up
Authors: Sandberg Melin C. , Malmberg F. , Malmqvist L. , Talebizadeh N. , Yu Z. , Söderberg P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo establish the resolution of measurements of the minimal distance between the central limit of the pigment epithelium and the inner limit of the retina (PIMD) as measured with OCT.MethodsThe optic nerve head was topographically recorded with OCT (Topcon 3D, OCT‐2000, protocol: 6 × 6 mm 3D disc cube). The minimal distance between the inner limit of the retina and the central limit of the pigment epithelium was sampled 8 times resolved in 500 angles.ResultsThe angular minimal distance was longer in the upper and the lower meridian and averaged 0.21 mm. An analysis of the consequence of the resolution demonstrated that the minimal relevant significant average difference at α = 0.05 and aiming for β = 0.02 was 0.11 change (mm)/Average (mm). Thus, a change of 0.024 mm integrated over 2π is the detection limit at the selected statistical parameters. This corresponds to a local average change within one quadrant of 0.006 mm.ConclusionsPIMD has the potential to be a useful variable for follow‐up of nerve fiber loss in the optic nerve head.
Surgical outcomes of Ahmed gluacoma valve implantation in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma
Authors: Kim G.A. , Ko J. , Bae H. , Hong S. , Kim C.Y. 
Published: September 2015

PurposePseudoexfoliation is considered to be the most common identifiable cause of open angle glaucoma worldwide and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) patients often require surgical intervention. But no studies are available reporting surgical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in PEXG. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AGV implantation in PEXG patients.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 27 eyes of PEXG patients who underwent AGV implantation (n = 14) or trabeculectomy (n = 13) and 13 eyes of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients who underwent AGV implantation as a primary surgical option was conducted. Postoperative intraocular pressure, number of medications and complications were compared between 3 groups.ResultsAt postoperative 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, intraocular pressure and number of medications were similar between 3 groups. Rates of transient hypotony were significantly lower in PEXG eyes with AGV implantation (14.3%) in comparison with those with trabeculectomy (61.5%, p = 0.018).ConclusionsAGV implantation as a primary surgical treatment in PEXG patients produced similar intraocular pressure reduction and numbers of medications compared with AGV implantation in POAG patients and trabeculectomy in PEXG patients. And It offers advantage of reduced rate of transient hypotony over trabeculectomy in PEXG. Therefore, AGV implantation may be promising alternative in surgical management of this type of glaucoma.
Homocysteine and risk of wet age‐related macular degeneration: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pinna A. , Zaccheddu F. , Boscia F. , Solinas G. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is an important cause of vision loss. We performed a meta‐analysis review of the literature to assess the role of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration a as risk factor for wet AMD.MethodsData sources included PubMed searches and searching reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. The literature review was performed according to the guidelines of Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE). Case‐control studies were eligible for inclusion. Meta‐analysis summary estimates were obtained using a random‐effects model to account for between‐study heterogeneity.Results9 case‐control studies were identified, for a total of 422 cases and 467 controls. The mean tHcy was on average 1.18 μmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.33) greater in the wet AMD cases compared with the controls (P < 0.001), but patients’ and controls’ ages showed a high degree of between‐study heterogeneity. After exclusion of the two studies with higher age heterogeneity, there were 243 cases and 277 controls and the mean tHcy was on average 0.7 μmol/L (95% CI = 0.52–0.88) greater in the wet AMD patients compared to the controls (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThere is some weak evidence that elevated tHcy might be associated with wet AMD; however, this result should be interpreted cautiously because of a marked heterogeneity between the study estimates and the possible effect of publication bias on the tHcy findings.
23‐Gauge versus 25‐Gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A comparison of surgical outcomes
Authors: Magill H. , Guthrie G. , Steel D. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThis study compared clinical outcomes and complications between 23‐gauge (23 g) and 25‐gauge (25 g) transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.MethodsIt was a retrospective study using data prospectively defined and collected. 80 eyes underwent 23 g transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy, and 80 eyes underwent 25 g surgery using the same vitrectomy system by one surgeon. Primary outcome measures were best‐corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsVision was significantly improved after intervention in both groups (p ≥ 0.0001). There was no significant difference in visual outcomes between the groups (p = 0.43) or in the type and frequency of retinal breaks occurring during surgery (p = 0.63). The 23 g group had significantly more patients with a day 1 IOP of <6 mm Hg (p = 0.034) and significantly more patients requiring a sclerostomy suture postoperatively (p = 0.014).ConclusionsBoth gauges are equally effective for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Posterior vitreous detachment: more a case of the fibronectin interface than the inner limiting membrane?
Authors: Etienne I. , Jonckx B. , Feyen J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeUse the periodic acid shift and immunohistochemical staining to visualize the distribution of the inner limiting membrane components on eyes presenting Posterior Vitreal Detachment (PVD) as detected by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)MethodsPorcine eyes with PVD confirmed by OCT were processed into paraffin tissue blocks. Transverse, serial 15 mm thick sections were cut. After deparaffinization and antigen retrieval stages, slides were incubated with selected primary antibodies. Amplification stages were performed before fluorescence visualization of the specified marker. Among the markers stained were collagen II and IV, laminin beta 2 and fibronectin. Periodic acid shift staining was also performed on adjacent cross sections to assess potential structural change (PVD). Images were acquired on a Zeiss microscope and image analysis performed using Metamorph software (Leica).ResultsDifferent distribution patterns in the retina were observed for the selected markers. The inner retina blood vessels were labelled by laminin beta 2, collagen II and IV. Laminin beta 2 and collagen II was revealed on the Bruch membrane. Collagen II, IV, fibronectin and laminin beta 2 were detected at the inner limiting membrane. PVD area could be detected not only by periodic acid shift but also by fibronectin staining. Upon PVD, fibronectin staining completely migrated with the PVD front, cleanly detaching from the retinal cell layers.ConclusionsFibronectin staining can be used to detect and therefore confirm PVD presence in histological sections, even if the PVD has evolved beyond the point where it can still be detected by OCT.
Spontaneous subretinal pigment epithelium hemorrhage
Authors: Halfeld Furtado De Mendonca R. , De Oliveira Maia O. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo describe a case of spontaneous subretinal pigment epithelium hemorrhage in a high myopic patient.SettingSubretinal hemorrhage is an accumulation of blood between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. Sub‐RPE (retinal pigment epithelium) hemorrhage is located between the RPE and Bruch's membrane.MethodsA 22 year old high myopic Brazilian man complained of acute blurred vision in his left eye over the past 2 days. The patient had no trauma and systemic pathology. Visual acuity in the right eye was 20/20 and in the left eye counting fingers (3 m). The intraocular pressure and biomicroscopy were normal. Fundus examinationof the right eye was normal. Fundus examination of the left eye showed a macular hemorrhage with well‐defined borders.ResultsThe patient underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA) and Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. In the OCT was evident the sub‐RPE hemorrhage. Choroidal neovascularisation was not detected in any exam including ICG. No surgery was performed, only observation. At 30‐days follow‐up, the visual acuity in the left eye was 20/40. Fundus examinationshowed an absorption of the sub‐RPE hemorrhage.ConclusionsSubretinal hemorrhage may cause retinal damage through a number of mechanisms. Sub‐RPE hemorrhages have well‐defined borders attributed to the tight cell junctions among RPE cells. Good visual outcome is sometimes possible in selected patients with submacular hemorrhage managed without surgical intervention. The OCT is an important tool to localize the level of the hemorrhage. The recover of the visual acuity of the present case is probably due to the healthy retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors prior to the hemorrhage.
Choroidal osteoma in deep range imaging OCT (DRI‐OCT)
Authors: Markiewicz A. , Romanowska Dixon B. , Bogdali A. , Jakubowska B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeA study presents features of choroidal osteoma in Deep Range Imaging Optical Coherent Tomography (DRI‐OCT).MethodsWe analysed 5 cases with choroidal osteoma. All patiens were diagnosed, treated and follow‐up at the Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology Department of University Hospital in Cracow during 2013 and 2015 years. Diagnosis of osteoma was established on basis of typical features found during fundus and ultrasonography examnations. Additionaly, DRI‐OCT was performed in all choroidal osteoma cases. Images were evaluated by four experienced physicians in using DRI‐OCT in differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors.ResultsIn all cases choroidal osteoma were observed smooth undulating tumor surface, multiple intralesional layers, sponge bone structure, transparency with visibility of sclero‐choroidal junction and presence of vessels.ConclusionsChoroidal osteoma is a rare, benign tumor presents mainly at posterior pole of eye globe in young woman. Especially it should be distinguish from amelanotic choroidal melanoma or metastatic tumors. In these controversial cases DRI‐OCT is very useful due to present very characteristic features of choroidal osteoma in this examination.
Glaucoma patient satisfaction after switching from preserved treatment to preservative‐free latanoprost; results from the PASSY survey in three European countries
Authors: Munoz‐Negrete F.J. , Lemij H. , Erb C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeAn European survey was implemented to evaluate patient satisfaction especially after the switch from a preserved prostaglandin to the preservative‐free (PF) latanoprost (Monoprost®)MethodsMulticentre, epidemiological, retrospective survey. OHT/glaucoma patients treated with Monoprost® for 3 months were included. The following data were collected: glaucoma history, previous treatment, reasons for change, tolerance, patient satisfaction, ocular signs and surface disease.Results1541 patients were included (213 from Germany, 25 from the Netherlands and 1303 from Spain). These results focus on the patients who previously received a preserved treatment (n = 1058; 69.4% of patients). Regarding tolerance, 94.8% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with PF latanoprost. In comparison to the previous preserved treatment, 75.1% of the patients considered that PF latanoprost was better or much better tolerated, and for 21% of them was the same. The tolerance evaluated with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS: 0 mm: very bad tolerance – 100 mm: very good) was 82.4 ± 17.08 for PF latanoprost and 56.1 ± 27.30 for the previous preserved treatment (mean difference: 26.3 mm; 47% of increase). Switching to PF latanoprost increased the VAS value whatever the previous preserved treatment: +31.1 switching from travoprost, +23.7 from latanoprost, +37.7 from bimatoprost 0.03%, +33.2 from bimatoprost 0.01% and +23.5 from beta‐blockers (p < 0.0001) In relation with previous preserved treatment, Monoprost® unidoses was considered as easier or much easier to use by 38.8% of the patients and as the same by 50.6%. The use of artificial tears decreased for 28.4% after switching to PF Latanoprost.ConclusionsAfter 3 months of Monoprost® treatment, patients that had switched from a preserved treatment were more satisfied concerning tolerance and needed fewer artificial tears.
The Effect of Hypertension on Intraocular Pressure and Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cell Through ET‐1 Signaling Pathway Activation in Trabecular Meshwork of Hypertension Rat Model
Authors: Prayitnaningsih S. , Sujuti H. , Abdullah Hamid A. , Permatasari N. , Aris Widodo M. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of Deoxycorticoacetate (DOCA)‐salt Hypertension model on IOP,retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis, ratio of endothelin (ET‐1)/ endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), ETA and ETB Receptor (ETRA and ETRB), Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK), and Caldesmon (CaD) in endothelial cells of Trabecular Meshwork (TM).MethodsExperimental study was performed on 20 male Spraque Dawley rats divided into control group(1), hypertension group (2–4): DOCA subcutaneous 10 mg/kg BW twice a week+ NaCl 0.9% daily for 2, 6, and 10 weeks respectively. Blood pressure were measured by BP analyzer with animal tail‐cuff method and IOP measured by handheld tonometry before study and before enucleation. ET‐1 signaling pathway and RGC apoptosis were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining, then observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed by one way Anova.ResultsPeak of IOP elevation occurred on 2 weeks of hypertension (7.78 ± 4.14 mmHg). The average ratio of ET‐1/eNOS was highest on 2 weeks (1.31 ± 0.025 au). The ETRA were significantly increased in 2 and 6 weeks (1476.3 ± 20.9 au and 1209.7 ± 6.1 au), while ETRB only in 2 weeks (1160.5 ± 18.2 au).The highest average of MLCK (1916.68 ± 6.41 au), CaD (1676.37 ± 7.72 au), and RGC apoptosis (576.15 ± 33.28 au) were found in 2 weeks hypertension.ConclusionsHypertension induced by DOCA‐salt stimulated significant activation of ET‐1 signaling pathway on TM, elevation of IOP, and RGC apoptosis. The peak of activation was achieved at 2 weeks of hypertension.
Complementary effects of PlGF inhibition and MMC in the improvement of surgical outcome after glaucoma filtration surgery
Authors: Van Bergen T. , Jonckx B. , Moons L. , Feyen J. , Stalmans I. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe previously showed that inhibition of placental growth factor (PlGF) was more effective than anti‐VEGF‐R2 treatment in improving surgical ouctome of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). In this study, we investigated the complementary effects of mitomycin‐C (MMC) and anti‐PlGF therapy and compared it to the combined administration of MMC with aflibercept.MethodsThe effect of PlGF inhibitor (5D11D4; ThromboGenics NV) and MMC on surgical outcome was investigated in a mouse model of GFS. The 1st group was treated during surgery with MMC 0.02% for 2 minutes; the 2nd group received a combination of MMC and an intracameral (IC) injection of 5D11D4 (1 µl; 5.4 µg). MMC together with IC administration of aflibercept (1 µl; 3.4 µg) was given to the 3rd group. Treatment outcome was studied by clinical investigation of the bleb every other day. Fibrosis was investigated on postoperative day 52 by performing a Sirius Red staining.ResultsThe combination of MMC and 5D11D4 was able to significantly improve bleb area as compared to MMC (n = 20; p < 0.001) by an additional reduction of fibrosis with 10% at day 52 (n = 6; p < 0.001). Moreover, all blebs from the combination group survived until day 52, whereas blebs treated with MMC were failed at postoperative day 34 (n = 20; p < 0.001). As compared to MMC together with aflibercept, the combined administration of MMC and 5D11D4 was equally effective in improving surgical outcome (n = 15; p = 0.88) and reducing the postoperative fibrotic process in the bleb (n = 15; p = 0.49).ConclusionsWe know that inhibition of PlGF is more effective that anti‐VEGF treatment. These data suggest that MMC together with PlGF inhibition may even have complementary effects in the improvement of surgical outcome and might be equally effective as the combined treatment of MMC and aflibercept.
Treatment of circumscribed choroidal haemangioma in 2015
Authors: Maschi C. , Thariat J. , Baillif S. , Caujolle J.P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo assess local control and visual outcomes in patients treated for circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas either by photodynamic therapy (PDT) or proton beam therapy (PBRT) delivering 20 Gy (RBE) in 4 fractions after clip placement.Methodsthis single institution series included all consecutive patients (pts) treated between 1994 and 2014. Before 2006, PBRT was the sole treatment available with PDT starting in 2006 and becoming the first option with PBRT for select cases or relapses. Descriptive statistics were performed.ResultsThere were 48 patients, 32 males, 16 females. Twenty and 208 patients were treated with PBRT and PDT respectively. Median follow up was 44 months, longer for PBRT pts. Initial visual acuity (VA) was no different between the 2 groups. More patients undergoing PDT as first option underwent retreatment (PDT 9/28 with 1 or 2 salvage PDT and/or PBRT, PBRT 1/20 with one salvage PDT) (p = 0.023). There were more complications with PDT (macular atrophy 7, dsne 1, macular edema 2) than with PBRT (dep 5) (p = 0.006). Post treatment visual acuity was not significantly different between the 2 groups (VA ≥ 4 in 84% of PBRT pts, and 59% of PDT pts, p = 0.082). Post treatment thickness was better after PBRT (p = 0.014).ConclusionsPDT more frequently required retreatments. PBRT is more invasive than PDT but yields better local control rates. VA was similar between PDT and PBRT with a trend for better results with PBRT. VA after PBRT might be improved with lower doses per fraction; subsequently patients are now treated with 8 fractions up to 20 Gy (RBE).