bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative aggregation of hemoglobin–a mechanism for low-temperature plasma-mediated wound healing
Authors: Oganesyan Irina , Begley Alina , Mrđenović Dušan , Harrison Julian A , Zenobi Renato 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plasma medicine is a field that utilizes reactive species generated from atmospheric low-temperature plasmas for applications such as sterilization, blood coagulation, and cancer therapy. Commercial plasma devices are available for wound healing, but research on the chemical modifications induced by these plasmas is scarce. This study explores the chemical modifications in hemoglobin when exposed to a helium plasma dielectric barrier discharge, with the aim of explaining the potential mechanisms through which it contributes to blood coagulation and enhances wound healing. Optical microscopy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treated whole capillary blood showed an increase in red blood cell (RBC) size and the formation of rouleaux structures. The treatment of whole blood leads to hemolysis of RBCs and the release of intracellular protein content. We then treated purified hemoglobin protein at physiological concentrations, which led to the formation of aggregates that could be observed using ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM–MS), size exclusion chromatography, and optical microscopy. The aggregates formed fibril-like structures as observed using atomic force microscopy. The formation of hemoglobin aggregates is hypothesized to be the result of new intermolecular interactions formed following the CAP-mediated protein oxidation. We studied the changes to hemoglobin structure after treatment with a CAP using high-resolution MS and found that the hemoglobin subunits are oxidized with the addition of at least 4 oxygen atoms each. The intact tetrameric hemoglobin structure remains unchanged; however, the monomeric and dimeric proteins adopt a more compact structure, as observed by IM–MS. We propose that CAP treatment of fresh blood leads to hemolysis, and that the extracellular protein, primarily hemoglobin, is oxidized leading to the formation of aggregates.
The spin-S Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the orthogonal-dimer lattice
Authors: Nakano Hiroki , Sakai Toru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The spin-S Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the orthogonal-dimer lattice is studied. In most of the investigations of the antiferromagnet on this lattice beginning with the study by Shastry and Sutherland, the

S
=
1

/

2

case has intensively been treated. In the present study, the cases of S = 1 and 3/2 are particularly treated by the numerical-diagonalization method based on the Lanczos algorithm applied to finite-size clusters. We successfully capture the edge of the exact-dimer phase and that of the Néel-ordered phase. A significant finding is the existence of an intermediate phase between both the edges irrespective of spin-S.
Characterizing nonlinear constitutive behaviors of fiber metal laminates
Authors: Jiang Zhe-Zhi , Tsai Jia-Lin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study characterized the nonlinear tensile behavior of fiber metal laminates (FMLs). FMLs comprise layers of thin metallic sheets and fiber-reinforced composite layers, and a constitutive FML model includes the constitutive relationships of the FML’s constituent materials; however, nonlinear behavior is typically only considered for the metal components of an FML. In this study, a nonlinear constitutive relationship for the unidirectional fiber composites was modeled using a one-parameter plastic model. The nonlinear constitutive law for the metal was formulated using the J2 flow rule. These relationships were summed for each layer in accordance with laminated plate theory to obtain a constitutive FML model, which was then used for numerical predictions of nonlinear stress–strain curves. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with experimental results from the literature. Moreover, the effect of the inclusion of nonlinear fiber composite behavior on the model predictions was investigated. Results revealed that the difference between the model predictions and the experimental results was less than 4%. These predictions with nonlinear fiber composite behavior were substantially more accurate than those of the model without this behavior for FMLs with angle-ply fiber composites.
Atomistic simulations of incident dislocation interactions with nickel grain boundaries
Authors: Page David E , Fullwood David T , Wagoner Robert H , Homer Eric R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Grain boundaries strengthen metals and act as hardening agents, impeding plastic flow macroscopically. The interactions between grain boundaries and dislocations are complex and difficult to predict. To understand the connection between resolved shear stresses and transmission events we simulated dislocation-grain boundary interactions in a number of

[
1

1
―

2
]

asymmetric tilt grain boundaries designed for optimal transmission of dislocations. By shearing the cell containing the grains on either side of the boundary, we drove the dislocation into the grain boundary and observed the interaction. The key findings include: (i) roughly half of the observed dislocation-grain boundary interactions resulted in transmission, which is a lower than expected transmission rate of incident dislocations; (ii) a rejection of a hypothesized monotonic relationship between applied stress and transmission of dislocations based on observations; (iii) significant restructuring of the grain boundaries resulting from the applied stress and incident dislocation interactions; and (iv) a suggestion that transmission events appear to be better described as separate absorption and nucleation events, with each event affecting and affected by the evolving grain boundary structure. Together, these point to continued challenges and opportunities surrounding dislocation-grain boundary interactions. The challenges relate to the difficulty in extracting absorption and nucleation criteria. The opportunities suggest that mesoscale models can treat all these events independently based on relevant criteria if they can be obtained.
Emerging 2D nanoscale metal oxide sensor: semiconducting CeO2 nano-sheets for enhanced formaldehyde vapor sensing
Authors: Bhunia Amit Kumar , Mahata Bidesh , Mandal Biswajit , Guha Prasanta Kumar , Saha Satyajit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Herein, we fabricated nanoscale 2D CeO2 sheet structure to develop a stable resistive gas sensor for detection of low concentration (ppm) level formaldehyde vapors. The fabricated CeO2 nanosheets (NSs) showed an optical band gap of 3.53 eV and cubic fluorite crystal structure with enriched defect states. The formation of 2D NSs with well crystalline phases is clearly observed from high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. The NSs have been shown tremendous blue-green emission related to large oxygen defects. A VOC sensing device based on fabricated two-dimensional NSs has been developed for the sensing of different VOCs. The device showed better sensing for formaldehyde compared with other VOCs (2-propanol, methanol, ethanol, and toluene). The response was found to be 4.35, with the response and recovery time of 71 s and 310 s, respectively. The device showed an increment of the recovery time (71 s to 100 s) with the decrement of the formaldehyde ppm (100 ppm to 20 ppm). Theoretical fittings provided the detection limit of formaldehyde ≈8.86 ± 0.45 ppm with sensitivity of 0.56 ± 0.05 ppm−1. The sensor device showed good reproducibility with excellent stability over the study period of 135 d, with a deviation of 1.8% for 100 ppm formaldehyde. The average size of the NSs (≈24 nm) calculated from HRTEM observation showed lower value than the calculated Debye length (≈44 nm) of the charge accumulation during VOCs sensing. Different defect states, interstitial and surface states in the CeO2 NSs as observed from the Raman spectrum and emission spectrum are responsible for the formaldehyde sensing. This work offers an insight into 2D semiconductor-based oxide material for highly sensitive and stable formaldehyde sensors.
Enhancement of dielectric permittivity and Havriliak-Negami relaxation mechanism in MnFe2O4 through Dy substitution
Authors: Joseph Aruna , Raj R S Arun , Haridev K A , Maity Tuhin , Joy Lija K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pristine and Dy substituted MnFe2O4, MnFe2−x
Dy
x
O4 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 & 0.10) were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method to investigate the dielectric properties of the system. MnFe2O4 exhibits a high dielectric permittivity of order 104 which is further augmented by 60% through Dy substitution. This is owing to the rise in interfacial polarization resulting from localized states, dipolar polarization arising from the multiple valence states of Fe and Mn ions, atomic polarization due to structural distortion induced by strain, and electronic polarization stemming from the concentration of free charge carriers. The enhancement of induced strain, mixed valence ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn4+/Mn2+, localized states, and free charge carrier concentration are confirmed from the XRD, XPS, and optical studies, respectively. The dielectric relaxation mechanism of MnFe2−xDyxO4 follows a modified Havriliak-Negami relaxation model with conductivity contribution. Complex impedance analyses further validate the contribution of grain-grain boundary mechanisms to the dielectric properties confirmed through Nyquist plots. A comprehensive analysis of conductivity reveals the significant impact of Dy substitution on the electrical conductivity of MnFe2O4. This influence is strongly related to the variations in the concentration of free charge carriers within the MnFe2−x
Dy
x
O4 system. The understanding of the underlying physics governing the dielectric properties of Dy-substituted MnFe2O4 not only enhances the fundamental knowledge of material behavior but also opens new avenues for the design and optimization of advanced electronic and communication devices.
Determination of refractive index of liquids using a machine vision sensor and a programmable device
Authors: Rivera-Ortega Uriel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this implementation, it is proposed a measurement method and/or educational-demonstrative resource that determines the refractive index of a liquid. A method can be found in the literature which relates the diameter of an object to the diameter of its amplified image when it is introduced in a container filled with the liquid on an unknown refractive index. Therefore, this proposal is based on measuring the diameter of the amplified image related to a cylindrical object immersed in a beaker, by means of using the color recognition function of an artificial intelligence camera; while the data processing will be carried out with the use of a micro:bit board. Finally, the result will be displayed in a 128 × 64 OLED screen. According to the characteristics and materials used in the proposal, it can be perfectly applied in undergraduate and graduate levels in the field of Physics or Engineering. Furthermore, the proposed device does not require an external computer or specialized software for use, thus also offering easy assembly, portability and automation.
Arduino-supported kinematics measurements
Authors: Schnider Dorottya , Hömöstrei Mihály 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we provide secondary school teachers of physics with insights into the effective integration of Arduino-based classroom measurements for teaching kinematics. We present our Arduino-supported workbook, which includes kinematics measurements using an ultrasonic wave sensor and a photoresistor. The workbook aims to enhance students’ knowledge and proficiency in various areas such as data processing, analysis, interpretation, and graphical representation. Our study focuses on the impact of Arduino measurement tasks on the knowledge, competence, and attitudes of 7th grade students. The findings highlight the positive outcomes of coherent, hands-on and innovative classroom activities.
Impact of contrast agents on organ dosimetry in pediatric diagnostic fluoroscopy: the voiding cystourethrogram
Authors: Smither Wyatt W , Marshall Emily L , Borrego David , Applegate Kimberly , Bolch Wesley E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Task Group 113 is developing reference values of organ and effective dose coefficients (DCs) for radiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography imaging exams. In support of these efforts, our focus is on pediatric diagnostic fluoroscopy. Contrast agents used during clinical examinations are an important consideration of the work undertaken by the Task Group. This work demonstrates the importance of including organ contrast volume concentrations for the calculation of reference organ DCs in the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Approach. The ICRP newborn and 15 year female reference phantoms were utilized within the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code system for the calculation of organ DCs. A pediatric radiologist with over 30 years of clinical experience defined the imaging fields for a VCUG examination consistent with clinical practice. Of these, four imaging fields were selected for investigation. The transport simulations modeled an iodinated contrast solution similar to Bracco Group’s 18% weight per volume, cystografin diatrizoate meglumine and typical bladder content was supplemented to make up the remainder volume. Iodinated contrast volumes of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentration by volume were modeled and associated DCs for in-field organs were computed. Main results. Organ DCs were calculated for the urinary bladder wall, colon wall, ovaries, and uterus for both female phantoms under irradiation geometries representative of a VCUG examination. Some organ DCs increased with iodine volume in the bladder and other organ DCs decreased as the iodine contrast volume completely filled the bladder (100%). Significance. The study results demonstrate for the newborn phantom percent differences in organ DCs varied between 0%–10% for the organs of interest, while they varied between 0%–22% in the 15 year phantom suggesting the importance of including contrast media in Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations of the VCUG examination.
Linear energy transfer dependent variation in viability and proliferation along the Bragg peak curve in sarcoma and normal tissue cells
Authors: Bernardo Teresa , Heuchel Lena , Heinzelmann Feline , Esser Johannes , Lüdemann Lutz , Timmermann Beate , Lühr Armin , von Neubeck Cläre 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. The energy deposition of photons and protons differs. It depends on the position in the proton Bragg peak (BP) and the linear energy transfer (LET) leading to a variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Here, we investigate LET dependent alterations on metabolic viability and proliferation of sarcoma and endothelium cell lines following proton irradiation in comparison to photon exposure. Approach. Using a multi-step range shifter, each column of a 96-well plate was positioned in a different depth along four BP curves with increasing intensities. The high-throughput experimental setup covers dose, LET, and RBE changes seen in a treatment field. Photon irradiation was performed to calculate the RBE along the BP curve. Two biological information out of one experiment were extracted allowing a correlation between metabolic viability and proliferation of the cells. Main results. The metabolic viability and cellular proliferation were column-wise altered showing a depth-dose profile. Endothelium cell viability recovers within 96 h post BP irradiation while sarcoma cell viability remains reduced. Highest RBE values were observed at the BP distal fall-off regarding proliferation of the sarcoma and endothelial cells. Significance. The high-throughput experimental setup introduced here (I) covers dose, LET, and RBE changes seen in a treatment field, (II) measures short-term effects within 48 h to 96 h post irradiation, and (III) can additionally be transferred to various cell types without time consuming experimental adaptations. Traditionally, RBE values are calculated from clonogenic cell survival. Measured RBE profiles strongly depend on physical characteristics such as dose and LET and biological characteristics for example cell type and time point. Metabolic viability and proliferation proofed to be in a similar effect range compared to clonogenic survival results. Based on limited data of combined irradiation with doxorubicin, future experiments will test combined treatment with systemic therapies applied in clinics e.g. cyclin-dependent inhibitors.
Comparative analysis and optimization of nonlinear hysteresis models for a magnetorheological fluid dual-clutch of an electric vehicle transmission
Authors: Zhang Huan , Deng Lei , Zhao Jin , Li Weihua , Du Haiping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicle (EV) drivetrains have witnessed remarkable progress, prompting intensified research into advanced transmission systems. Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) clutches offer precise modulation of input currents, enabling swift and seamless torque delivery for EV transmission systems, owing to their exceptional performance. The transmission of an EV requires MRF-based clutches to deliver a precise and rapid torque transfer during gear shifting. In these scenarios, the inherent current rate-dependent hysteresis of the MRF-based clutches between the output torque and input current poses a significant challenge in accurately regulating output torque. Therefore, an accurate clutch model of the MRF-based clutches that can describe the rate-dependent hysteresis is crucial to achieve precise control of the output torque. This study investigates the nonlinear hysteresis phenomena using a prototyped MRF dual-clutch (MRFDC) for the transmission system of EVs, followed by a comprehensive analysis of three widely used hysteresis models: two parametric models, including the Bouc-Wen (BW) model and algebraic model (AM), and a non-parametric model, the NARX model. Accuracy, fitting time, and stack size are selected as the main indicators to evaluate the three models comprehensively. Results indicate that the NARX model has exceptional accuracy compared to the others, while it has a much higher memory requirement. The algebraic model shows a great advantage in computational efficiency because it has a straightforward expression. The BW model is in the middle position for all three indicators. To optimize the classic BW model (CBW), a fractional-order modified BW model (FOMBW) is proposed based on the polynomial input function and fractional-order derivatives. The proposed FOMBW model demonstrates superior capability in capturing asymmetric and rate-dependent characteristics compared to the CBW model. These findings provide the basis for choosing an appropriate model to effectively capture nonlinear current hysteresis phenomena within MRFDC with the requirement for precise torque control during gear shifting.
GCRL: a graph neural network framework for network connectivity robustness learning
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Haowei , Chen Qiyu , Ding Jie , Li Xiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The resilience and adaptability of complex networks is crucial in ensuring their functionality against disruptions. Particularly, maintaining network connectivity under various attack scenarios is a key aspect of such resilience. Network connectivity refers to the degree to which nodes within a network are interconnected and able to exchange information or resources. Its robustness reflects the ability of a network to maintain connectivity under various attacks. Such ability has profound physical significance, ensuring the stability and reliability of real-world systems. Currently, connectivity robustness assessments rely heavily on very time-consuming attack simulations. This paper introduces a graph neural network framework for network connectivity robustness learning (GCRL) to advance the study of network connectivity robustness. GCRL transforms initial degree distributions and network topology into informative embedding vectors, which are then processed by a robustness learning module mainly composed of multi-layer perceptron, achieving both high speed and precision. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of GCRL obtained in less time compared to existing methods, especially in tough scenarios where test data distributions significantly differ from the training set. The framework also shows adaptability to networks of different sizes, making it a more generalized solution for complex network robustness learning.
Observation of competing interactions and field-induced ferromagnetism in noncentrosymmetric cubic Nd3Te4 lattice
Authors: Mishra Prabuddha Kant , Singh Haribrahma , Gautam Aarti , Kumar Gaurav , Umetsu Rie , Ganguli Ashok Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unconventional magnetism is key to advancement in a variety of spintronic applications and thus needs to be explored in new materials. Here, we report the in-depth magnetic studies of noncentrosymmetric Nd3Te4 and findings support the existence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in addition to symmetric exchange interaction among the moments. The large magnetic irreversibility with negative magnetization in M(T) data and associated first-order magnetic transition in isothermal magnetization data suggest the competing interactions resulting in multiple magnetic phases. The gradual evolution of magnetic texture has been probed by changes in the magnetization entropy having interesting characteristics like the inverse magnetocaloric effect. Most importantly, we have probed the existing nontrivial magnetic phase under a low applied magnetic field by ac-χ(T, H) and dc magnetization (M − H) data, having the same critical field in both measurements. The existence of multiple magnetic phases which are interconnected through first-order field-induced magnetic phase transitions have been probed at low field. The transition from paramagnetic to field-induced state for larger applied fields follows a second-order.
Analyzing performance of f-deformed displaced Fock state in continuous-variable quantum teleportation
Authors: Deepak  , Chatterjee Arpita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Performing non-Gaussian operations, namely photon addition, photon subtraction, photon-addition-then-subtraction, photon-subtraction-then-addition can successfully enhance the fidelity of the continuous-variable quantum teleportation. However, a shortcoming of these non-Gaussian resources is that they are probabilistic in nature. In this article, we investigate the success probability of the non-Gaussian resources for optimal performance of the ideal teleportation protocol. To this end, we first derive the analytical expression for the two-mode entangled channel having f-deformed displaced Fock state or photon-added displaced Fock state or photon-subtracted displaced Fock state at one port and vacuum at another port of a symmetric beam-splitter. The generalized displaced Fock states are obtained by replacing the conventional bosonic functions by the nonlinear f-deformed operators such as A = af(a
†
a) and

B
=
af

(

a

†

a
)

−
1

. The Wigner characteristic functions describing these three aforementioned non-Gaussian states are determined and utilized to attain the teleportation fidelity for input coherent and squeezed vacuum states. It is found that the nonlinear substitution leads to an enhancement in teleportation fidelity beyond the threshold limit. Moreover, the entangled photon-subtracted displaced Fock state demonstrates maximum efficiency as a quantum channel for teleporting single-mode coherent and squeezed states. We provide the squeezing regime values corresponding to the optimal performance of the non-Gaussian states considered, which will be of significant interest to the experimental fraternity. Further, we show that the entangled photon-added displaced Fock states have larger amount of entanglement but the entangled photon-subtracted displaced Fock states have stronger Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation.