bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regio‐ and Chemoselective Formation of Spiroindolinone–Isoindolinone by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig Addition–Elimination Sequence
Authors: Butani Himanshu H. , Vachhani Dipak D. , Bhoya Umed C. , Shah Anamik K. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe usual way to synthesize spiroindolinones is the application of isatin derivatives. Here, we report the first Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig addition–elimination strategy for the formation of the spiroindolinone–isoindolinone architecture. The application of the Ugi‐4‐component reaction (Ugi‐4CR) allows the facile introduction of diversity and increases the practicality of this protocol.
Endonasal endoscopic approach for removal of intraorbital cavernous hemangioma in childhood
Authors: Re Massimo , Tarchini Paolo , Gioacchini Federico M. , Pasquini Ernesto 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundOrbital cavernous hemangiomas are the most common primary benign orbital tumors in adults. Although a rudimentary lesion may be present at birth, cavernous hemangiomas do not usually become symptomatic until the third to fifth decade of life and lesions occurring in pediatric age are quite rare. Surgical treatment is indicated in symptomatic cases, and surgical approach is planned according to the localization of the tumor in the orbit.Methods and ResultsWe described the first case of pediatric intraorbital extraconal cavernous hemangioma, treated successfully by a pure endoscopic endonasal approach, and demonstrated the minimal invasiveness of this approach, without skin incision and neurovascular retraction. Review of the literature, surgical technique, pitfalls, and differences from previous reports are discussed.ConclusionEndoscopic transnasal approaches can now be considered as an alternative option to traditional external approaches in the management of medial and inferior orbital lesions in childhood. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1–E6, 2016
Novel Hedgehog Agonists Promote Osteoblast Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Naruse Masahiro , Chiba Yuta , Komori Toshihisa , Sasaki Keiichi , Iwamoto Masahiro , Fukumoto Satoshi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) family members are involved in multiple cellular processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell fate determination. Recently, the novel Hh agonists Hh‐Ag 1.3 and 1.7 were identified in a high‐throughput screening of small molecule compounds that activate the expression of Gli1, a target of Hh signaling. This study demonstrates that Hh‐Ag 1.3 and 1.7 strongly activate the expression of endogenous Gli1 and promote osteoblast differentiation in the mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2. Both compounds stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose‐dependent manner, and induced osteoblast marker gene expression in C3H10T1/2 cells, which indicated that they had acquired an osteoblast identity. Of the markers, the expression of osterix/Sp7, a downstream target of runt‐related transcription factor (Runx)2, was induced by Hh‐Ag 1.7, which also rescued the osteoblast differentiation defect of RD‐127, a mesenchymal cell line from Runx2‐deficient mice. Hh‐Ags also activated canonical Wnt signaling and synergized with low doses of BMP‐2 to enhance osteoblastic potential. Thus, Hh‐Ag 1.7 could be useful for bone healing in individuals with abnormalities in osteogenesis, such as osteoporosis patients and the elderly, and can contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of bone fractures and defects. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 922–929, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hundred‐Thousand light holes push nanoscopy to go parallel
Authors: Chen Xuanze , Xi Peng 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWith the application of the elements of all major super‐resolution techniques including stimulated emission depletion, structure illumination microscopy, and photo‐activated localization microscopy, the incoherent crossed standing‐wave microscopy achieves parallel super‐resolution imaging. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:8–10, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A double‐edged sword: The moderating role of conscientiousness in the relationships between work stressors, psychological strain, and job performance
Authors: Lin Weipeng , Ma Jingjing , Wang Lei , Wang Mo 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAlthough conscientiousness was commonly viewed as a type of personal resource to help individuals reduce strain or mitigate the impacts of stressors, empirical research demonstrated mixed results. Based on the personal resource allocation perspective, we posited that rather than functioning as personal resource per se, conscientiousness may act as a key factor influencing how individuals allocate their personal resources. The current study examined the moderating roles of conscientiousness in the relationships that work stressors (i.e., challenge stressors and hindrance stressors) have with employee psychological strain and job performance by using multi‐source, time‐lagged data collected from 250 employees working at two companies. The results showed that both challenge stressors and hindrance stressors were positively related to psychological strain. Conscientiousness moderated the relationships between both stressors and psychological strain, such that the positive relationships were stronger for individuals with high conscientiousness. Conscientiousness also moderated the relationship between challenge stressors and performance, such that the relationship was positive for individuals with high conscientiousness but negative for those with low conscientiousness. Altogether, the findings suggest that conscientiousness acts as a double‐edged sword that both promotes performance and exacerbates the stress reaction of employees when they are confronted with stressful situations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cells for cell replacement therapy: A therapeutic strategy for HD?
Authors: Rosser Anne , Svendsen Clive N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMuch interest has been expressed over the last couple of decades in the potential application of stem cells to medicine, both for research and diagnostic tools and as a source of donor cells for therapeutic purposes. Potential therapeutic applications include replacement of cells in many body organs where the capacity for intrinsic repair is limited, including the pancreas, heart, and brain. A key challenge is to generate the relevant donor cell types, and this is particularly challenging in the brain where the number of different neuronal subtypes is so great. Although dopamine neuron replacement in Parkinson's disease has been the focus of most clinical studies, great interest has been shown in this approach for other disorders, including Huntington's disease. Replacing complete neural circuits in the adult brain is clearly challenging, and there are many other complexities with regard to both donor cells and host. This article presents the pros and cons of taking a cell therapy approach in Huntington's disease. It considers the implantation both of cells that are already of the same neural subtype as those lost in the disease process (ie, primary fetal cells derived from the developing striatum) and those derived from stem cells, which require “directing” toward that phenotype. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The role of Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Gramolelli Silvia , Schulz Thomas F 
Published: September 2014

AbstractKaposi sarcoma (KS) is an unusual vascular tumour caused by an oncogenic‐herpesvirus, Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV 8). KS lesions are characterized by an abundant inflammatory infiltrate, the presence of KSHV‐infected endothelial cells that show signs of aberrant differentiation, as well as faulty angiogenesis/ vascularization. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of these histological features of KS, with an emphasis on the viral proteins that are responsible for their development. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Columnar nanostructured polymer films containing ionic liquids in supramolecular one‐dimensional nanochannels
Authors: Yamashita Akihiro , Yoshio Masafumi , Shimizu Seiya , Ichikawa Takahiro , Ohno Hiroyuki , Kato Takashi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIonic liquids have attracted a considerable attention as the next generation electrolytes for energy devices. We have developed new free‐standing and nanostructured polymer films in which ionic liquids are confined into one‐dimensionally ordered nanochannels. These polymer films have been obtained by photopolymerization of hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular columnar liquid‐crystalline self‐assemblies of an imidazolium‐based ionic liquid and a wedge‐shaped diol compound containing polymerizable groups. The macroscopically parallel alignment of the columnar structures on a glass substrate has been achieved by the application of mechanical shearing, and subsequently fixed into polymer films by UV irradiation. This ionic liquid‐containing polymer film exhibits higher ionic conductivity than that of the previously reported one‐dimensional polymer film obtained by in situ photopolymerization of a covalent‐type columnar liquid‐crystalline imidazolium salt. The noncovalent supramolecular approach to one‐dimensionally ion‐conductive polymer films has led to improvement on conductive properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 366–371
First report of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q biotype) species in Brazil
Authors: da Fonseca Barbosa Leonardo , Yuki Valdir Atsushi , Marubayashi Julio Massaharu , De Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Perini Fernando Luis , Pavan Marcelo Agenor , de Barros Danielle Ribeiro , Ghanim Murad , Moriones Enrique , Navas‐Castillo Jesus , Krause‐Sakate Renate 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a major cosmopolitan pest and comprises a complex of more than 36 cryptic species that cause serious damage to agricultural crops worldwide. In this study, the Mediterranean species of B. tabaci, formerly known as Q biotype, was identified for the first time in Brazil.RESULTSAdult B. tabaci were collected from different localities and hosts from Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of the country that borders Uruguay and Argentina. Partial sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene indicated that B. tabaci MED species appears to be restricted to the province of Barra do Quaraí, infesting Capsicum annuum cultivated in greenhouses and Ipomoea batatas in open fields. The partial mtCOI sequences obtained shared 100% nucleotide identity with reference sequences for the Q biotype reported from Uruguay. The secondary endosymbionts Hamiltonella and Cardinium were detected by PCR in the new identified MED species from Brazil, similarly to the Q biotype from Uruguay.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate the presence of the MED species in Brazil. The close monitoring of this new identified species in the southern region of Brazil is essential to avoid its geographical expansion to more important agricultural areas in the country. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
How toxic is the depleted uranium to crayfish Procambarus clarkii compared with cadmium?
Authors: Al Kaddissi Simone , Simon Olivier , Elia Antonia Concetta , Gonzalez Patrice , Floriani Magali , Cavalie Isabelle , Camilleri Virginie , Frelon Sandrine , Legeay Alexia 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTDue to a lack of information on the assessment of uranium's (U) toxicity, our work aimed to compare the effects of U on the crayfish Procambarus clarkii with those of the well documented metal: cadmium (Cd). Accumulation and impacts at different levels of biological organization were assessed after acute (40 µM Cd or U; 4–10 days) and chronic (0.1 µM Cd or U; 30–60 days) exposures. The survival rates demonstrated the high tolerance of this species toward both metals and showed that Cd had a greater effect on the sustainability of crayfish. The concentration levels of Cd and U accumulated in gills and hepatopancreas were compared between both conditions. Distinctions in the adsorption capacities and the mobility of the contaminants were suspected. Differences in the detoxification mechanisms of both metals using transmission electron microscopy equiped with an energy dispersive X‐ray were also pointed out. In contrast, comparison between the histological structures of contaminated hepatopancreas showed similar symptoms. Principal component analyses revealed different impacts of each metal on the oxidative balance and mitochondria using enzymatic activities and gene expression levels as endpoints. The observation that U seemed to generate more oxidative stress than Cd in our conditions of exposure is discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 211–223, 2016.
Characterization of Gas‐Solid Reactions using In Situ Powder X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Møller Kasper T. , Hansen Bjarne R. S. , Dippel Ann‐Christin , Jørgensen Jens‐Erik , Jensen Torben R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractX‐ray diffraction is a superior technique for structural characterization of crystalline matter. Here we review the use of in situ powder X‐ray diffraction (PXD) mainly for real‐time studies of solid‐gas reactions, data analysis and the extraction of valuable knowledge of structural, chemical and physical properties. Furthermore, the diffraction data may also provide knowledge on reaction mechanisms, kinetics and thermodynamic properties. Thus, in situ PXD simultaneously provides properties as a function of pressure, temperature and/or time at different length scales, i.e. nanoscale structural data and bulk sample properties. Initially, a brief description of experimental and methodological details is provided, followed by a variety of examples of different designs of experiments and methods of data analysis. Additionally, it is discussed how a range of physical properties can be accessed by diffraction techniques, e.g. crystallite size. The aim of this review is to provide new inspiration for utilization of in situ PXD for characterization of a wide range of properties beyond the scope of crystal structure solution.
Estimates of annual survival, growth, and recruitment of a white‐tailed ptarmigan population in Colorado over 43 years
Authors: Wann Gregory T. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Braun Clait E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLong‐term datasets for high‐elevation species are rare, and considerable uncertainty exists in understanding how high‐elevation populations have responded to recent climate warming. We present estimates of demographic vital rates from a 43‐year population study of white‐tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), a species endemic to alpine habitats in western North America. We used capture‐recapture models to estimate annual rates of apparent survival, population growth, and recruitment for breeding‐age ptarmigan, and we fit winter weather covariates to models in an attempt to explain annual variation. There were no trends in survival over the study period but there was strong support for age and sex effects. The average rate of annual growth suggests a relatively stable breeding‐age population ( = 1.036), but there was considerable variation between years for both population growth and recruitment rates. Winter weather covariates only explained a small amount of variation in female survival and were not an important predictor of male survival. Cumulative winter precipitation was found to have a quadratic effect on female survival, with survival being highest during years of average precipitation. Cumulative winter precipitation was positively correlated with population growth and recruitment rates, although this covariate only explained a small amount of annual variation in these rates and there was considerable uncertainty among the models tested. Our results provide evidence for an alpine‐endemic population that has not experienced extirpation or drastic declines. However, more information is needed to understand risks and vulnerabilities of warming effects on juveniles as our analysis was confined to determination of vital rates for breeding‐age birds.
Soil seed bank dynamics in response to an extreme flood event in a riparian habitat
Authors: Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Ali Sadiq , Nguyen Thi , Perrett Christine , Shabbir Asad , Navie Sheldon , Belgeri Amalia , Dhileepan K. , Adkins Steve 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA significantly increased water regime can lead to inundation of rivers, creeks and surrounding floodplains‐ and thus impact on the temporal dynamics of both the extant vegetation and the dormant, but viable soil‐seed bank of riparian corridors. The study documented changes in the soil seed‐bank along riparian corridors before and after a major flood event in January 2011 in southeast Queensland, Australia. The study site was a major river (the Mooleyember creek) near Roma, Central Queensland impacted by the extreme flood event and where baseline ecological data on riparian seed‐bank populations have previously been collected in 2007, 2008 and 2009. After the major flood event, we collected further soil samples from the same locations in spring/summer (November–December 2011) and in early autumn (March 2012). Thereafter, the soils were exposed to adequate warmth and moisture under glasshouse conditions, and emerged seedlings identified taxonomically. Flooding increased seed‐bank abundance but decreased its species richness and diversity. However, flood impact was less than that of yearly effect but greater than that of seasonal variation. Seeds of trees and shrubs were few in the soil, and were negatively affected by the flood; those of herbaceous and graminoids were numerous and proliferate after the flood. Seed‐banks of weedy and/or exotic species were no more affected by the flood than those of native and/or non‐invasive species. Overall, the studied riparian zone showed evidence of a quick recovery of its seed‐bank over time, and can be considered to be resilient to an extreme flood event.
Chloritization and its Bearing on Uranium Mineralization in Madyalabodu Area, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Basu Himadri , Prakash Kusum , Kumar K. Mahendra , Thirupathi P.V. , Paul A. , Pandit S.A. , Chaki A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract:
Uranium mineralization in Madyalabodu area, Cuddapah district, Andhra Pradesh, is spatially related to chloritized and brecciated quartzite of the Gulcheru Formation in the immediate vicinity of E-W to ESE-WNW trending basic dyke. Chloritization transgresses the lithological boundaries. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate enrichment of MgO and Al2O3 coupled with depletion of SiO2, Na2O, K2O, CaO and TiO2 in the chlorite-rich zone. Fe2O3 and FeO do not vary significantly in the altered and the unaltered zones. Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) data reveal that the chlorites in contact with uranium minerals are enriched in MgO and depleted in FeO than in the others. Considering the petrological evidence, geochemical signature and structural constraints, it appears that chlorite acted more as an adsorbent rather than as a reductant in facilitating uranium mineralization. Uraninite crystallized later from the uranium originally adsorbed on chlorites. Chloritization might also have facilitated mineralization through the generation of nascent hydrogen, H2S and lowering pH of uranium-bearing solution.
Colonization delay of Rhizocarpon geographicum: Study from the Gangotri Glacier, Northwestern Himalaya
Authors: Gupta Vikram , Vaideswaran S. C. , Dobhal D. P. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract:
Lichenometric application used mainly for the dating of moraines, involves the calibration of growth rate curve with the inclusion of colonization delay of a specific type of lichen. In the present study, the colonization delay of Rhizocarpon geographicum species of lichen found on the boulders of granite and gneisses in the Gangotri glacier environment has been interpreted. It has been concluded that the colonization delay for the said species is different for both the rock-types. It is about 78 years for granite and between 50 and 78 years for the gneisses. The study will help to establish the absolute ages of the various terminal moraines of the Gangotri glacier, which in turn will help to ascertain the recession history of the glacier.
Groundwater Exploration and Drilling Problems Encountered in Basaltic and Granitic Terrain of Nanded District, Maharashtra
Authors: Madhnure Pandith 
Published: September 2014

Abstract:
The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) constructed 72 bore wells down to a targeted depth of 208 m in Nanded district, Maharashtra which is mainly underlain by hard rocks, namely basalts and granites. The yield of these bore wells varies from 0.10 litres/second (l/s) to 25 l/s and depth of weathering varies from less than 1 m to 24 meters below ground level (m bgl). The shallowest and the deepest aquifer zones are encountered at 7 and 172 m bgl respectively and majority of the productive aquifer zones are encountered within 100 meter (m) depth. Most productive zones are fractured basalts, fractured and weathered granites and 31 % of the zones are encountered within 25 m, 36 % within 25-50 m, 24 % within 50-100 m, 8 % within 100-150 m and less than 1 % within 150-173 m depth ranges. Out of the three major sets of lineaments, the NE-SW trending lineaments are more productive, and a maximum of five fracture zones are encountered in all. Surface geophysical studies (profiling) reveal that wherever the ratio between high resistivity and low resistivity is high, the discharge is high, and where the ratio is low the discharge is low. The depth to water level in these bore wells are in the range of 1.5-47.5 m bgl (below ground level). The transmissivity (T) and Storativity (S) values of 21 wells range from 3 to 593 m2/day and 6.5 x 10-6 to 7.32 x 10-2 respectively. The groundwater from the area is mostly of Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl, Ca-Na-HCO3, Ca-HCO3-Cl, Na-HCO3, Na-HCO3-Cl, Na-Cl, Ca-HCO3 types in the descending order of dominance and a few are found to be unsuitable for drinking. At a few sites, drilling down to the targeted depth of 200 m couldn’t be completed due to highly fractured nature of formations, hydraulic backpressure, occurrences of saturated intertrappean beds and high magnetic nature of formations.
Analysis of Time-scaling Behaviour in the Sequence of Aftershocks of the Wenchuan Earthquake, China
Authors: Daohong Lu , Qiang Xu 
Published: September 2014

Abstract:
Based on the aftershock sequence of the Great Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on 12 May, 2008, the long-term memory and multifractal scaling are analyzed by using MF-DFA method. And we consider aftershocks as a SOC phenomenon. Main findings are as follows: (1) hq values of the aftershock sequence indicates high persistence or long-term memory. (2) The generalized fractal dimensions D(q) presents obvious trend variation, which reveal crisis and critical characteristics of seismogenic dynamical system. (3) The right-skewed spectrum f(α) indicates that the aftershocks are predominated by low magnitude, which gives a characterization of distribution in multiple scales in seismic activity. Its structural morphology is closely related with the dynamical complexity. (4) Aftershock sequence exhibits self-organized criticality because it follows the classical Gutenberg-Richter and Omori Law.