bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oft‐overlooked business wisdom highlighted from the youth‐soccer sidelines
Authors: Haskins Mark E. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to present a number of important reminders and examples of oft‐overlooked managerial capabilities found to be useful in a variety of businesses.Design/methodology/approachThis paper's “reflections on practice” are prompted by observations of kids in action – youth soccer. Combining those prompts with personal experiences drawn from over 30 years of working with business managers, and from a synthesis of over 100 contemporary business articles, 11 important bits of business wisdom are surfaced, explained, championed, and storied.FindingsThe paper presents 11 oft‐overlooked, under‐valued, subtle, bits of business wisdom. In addition, the usefulness of analogical thinking is demonstrated as observations from a non‐business setting spark insights and reflections applicable to business.Practical implicationsThe field‐based bits of business wisdom presented here are immediately, broadly, and beneficially applicable across the corporate landscape.Originality/valueReaders are provided with an engaging narrative, drawn from the youth‐soccer sidelines, that points to 11 specific business foci that can be embraced to broaden and deepen their managerial repertoires. Each of the points is embellished with numerous business examples…examples not often grabbing the business press headlines.
Innovative supply chain practices: the state of French companies
Authors: Ageron Blandine , Lavastre Olivier , Spalanzani Alain 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis research aims to explore innovation in supply chain management. Innovation has often been studied in supply chain relationships and specifically from a product point of view. The authors aim to observe innovation by focusing on the different practices and collaborations suppliers and customers are developing to improve their competitiveness and the performance of the whole supply chain.Design/methodology/approachA review of previous literature on innovation in supply chain management is presented and the authors design an interview guide for their data collection that is developed from their previous literature review on innovation in supply chain management. Data are collected from 68 innovations in French companies and subsequently analyzed to identify the major elements of innovations in supply chain management.FindingsThe key findings of the paper identify the major components affecting innovative supply chain practices and SC performance. The results suggest that innovation is essential in supply chain management and can be characterized according to its degree of novelty and rupture, its distribution throughout the SC and the level at which it occurs. In addition, a typology of innovative supply chain practices is proposed.Originality/valueThe authors' study is exploratory and examines the state of practices concerning innovation in supply chain management. The authors identify the major elements of innovations and propose a typology of these innovative supply chain practices.
Exploring the role of social capital in facilitating supply chain resilience
Authors: Johnson Noel , Elliott Dominic , Drake Paul 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThere has been limited research examining the influence of inter‐organisational relationships and the social capital they may nurture in building SCRES. The authors aim to explore how three dimensions of social capital (cognitive, structural and relational) may act as facilitators or enablers of the four formative capabilities for SCRES (i.e. flexibility, velocity, visibility, and collaboration), identified by Jüttner and Maklan.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from three separate tiers of the supply chain involved in the response to an extreme event (the Lambrigg, UK rail crash). Using a social constructionist approach, the paper explores how social capital may enable the emergence of formative capabilities for resilience.FindingsThe data suggest that the dimensions of social capital may play an influential role in facilitating the four formative capabilities for SCRES and indicate the potential for these to be mutually reinforcing.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides an illustration of some links between resilience and social capital constructs within one supply network, in the context of crisis response. Different types of network and contexts may result in other outcomes and have other facilitating effects upon SCRES. These findings should be explored within other contexts.Practical implicationsThe authors highlight that social capital may be nurtured deliberately or emerge as a consequence of relationships within a network. Formal efforts to build network communications, norms of reciprocity may create the conditions for appropriable organisations to emerge when faced with extreme events.Originality/valueDrawing from a social capital perspective, this paper contributes to a fuller understanding of notions of relational capital.
Provision of long‐acting reversible contraception in HIV‐prevalent countries: results from nationally representative surveys in southern Africa
Authors: Morse J , Chipato T , Blanchard K , Nhemachena T , Ramjee G , McCulloch C , Blum M , Saleeby E , Harper CC 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo analyse the current provision of long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) and clinician training needs in HIV‐prevalent settings.DesignNationally representative survey of clinicians.SettingHIV‐prevalent settings in South Africa and Zimbabwe.PopulationClinicians in South Africa and Zimbabwe.MethodsNationally representative surveys of clinicians were conducted in South Africa and Zimbabwe (n = 1444) to assess current clinical practice in the provision of LARC in HIV‐prevalent settings. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse contraceptive provision and clinician training needs.Main outcome measureMultivariable logistic regression of contraceptive provision and clinician training needs.ResultsProvision of the most effective reversible contraceptives is limited: only 14% of clinicians provide copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), 4% levonorgestrel‐releasing IUDs and 16% contraceptive implants. Clinicians’ perceptions of patient eligibility for IUD use were overly restrictive, especially related to HIV risks. Less than 5% reported that IUDs were appropriate for women at high risk of HIV or for HIV‐positive women, contrary to evidence‐based guidelines. Only 15% viewed implants as appropriate for women at risk of HIV. Most clinicians (82%), however, felt that IUDs were underused by patients, and over half desired additional training on LARC methods. Logistic regression analysis showed that LARC provision was largely restricted to physicians, hospital settings and urban areas. Results also showed that clinicians in rural areas and clinics, including nurses, were especially interested in training.ConclusionsClinician competency in LARC provision is important in southern Africa, given the low use of methods and high rates of unintended pregnancy among HIV‐positive and at‐risk women. Despite low provision, clinician interest is high, suggesting the need for increased evidence‐based training in LARC to reduce unintended pregnancy and associated morbidities.
Reorientating dental curricula to reflect a minimally invasive dentistry approach for patient‐centred management
Authors: Kaidonis JA , Skinner VJ , Lekkas D , Winning TA , Townsend GC 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMinimally invasive dentistry (MID), together with patient‐centred care (PCC), can be considered central to patient management. These approaches have been incorporated in the structure of various dental curricula and indeed formally assessed. However, there is limited evidence that students have an integrated skill‐set and are able to apply these skills when providing direct patient care within the clinical setting. Assessment of students’ application of core clinical skills has identified numerous deficiencies that need to be addressed. The revised Bachelor of Dental Surgery curriculum at the School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, provides an example of how MID, underpinned by PCC, can be presented throughout a dental curriculum. Essentially, MID and PCC are not considered as separate subjects but as a patient management approach that is ‘woven into the whole fabric’ of the curriculum. The programme relies on the development of empathic communication skills that enable students to obtain key patient information, including their patients’ values, beliefs, needs, preferences and expectations, thereby allowing management to be tailor‐made. As a result, patients are empowered to be a part of the oral health care team. The Adelaide undergraduate dental curriculum consists of one clinical stream called Dental Science and Practice (DSP), that promotes the application of student knowledge, skills and behaviours in the clinical setting. Vertical and horizontal integration, aligned with an integrated approach to assessment, drives the learning throughout the programme. Clearly‐defined outcomes are introduced by Integrated Learning Activities (ILAs) that provide a focus for associated learning activities (e.g. class meetings, tutorials, simulation laboratories, etc). The aim of this approach to learning and teaching is to ensure the required learning outcomes are achieved. It also requires coordinated teaching teams including trained external tutors who clearly understand all aspects of MID and PCC within the curriculum structure.
Minimum intervention dentistry in oral medicine
Authors: Farah CS , Bhatia N , John K , Lee BW 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOral medicine sits at the interface of medicine and dentistry. Minimum intervention dentistry (MID) borrows a medical model of disease control by oral health professionals. As an oral physician, the oral medicine specialist practices MID on a daily basis. With the advent of sophisticated early detection and diagnostic technology, and the growing understanding of oral diseases at the microscopic and molecular levels, all oral health practitioners can contribute to the practice of oral medicine from a MID perspective. MID in oral medicine allows the practice of comprehensive oral care where the patient is fully engaged in their own healthcare, with the use of advanced diagnostic technology, the application of medicines and therapeutics depending on disease processes, important risk assessment of both the oral disease and the affected patient with identification of those at high risk, monitoring of compliance, and patient recall. In this article we highlight minimum intervention in oral medicine by exploring oral cancer as the most significant disease we encounter and are involved with. Advances in patient care, particularly in relation to minimum intervention, are underpinned by high calibre cutting edge translational research. It is this research that allows us to positively transform our patients’ lives.
Massively Parallel Hierarchical Scene Processing with Applications in Rendering
Authors: Vinkler Marek , Bittner Jiří , Havran Vlastimil , Hapala Michal 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a novel method for massively parallel hierarchical scene processing on the GPU, which is based on sequential decomposition of the given hierarchical algorithm into small functional blocks. The computation is fully managed by the GPU using a specialized task pool which facilitates synchronization and communication of processing units. We present two applications of the proposed approach: construction of the bounding volume hierarchies and collision detection based on divide‐and‐conquer ray tracing. The results indicate that using our approach we achieve high utilization of the GPU even for complex hierarchical problems which pose a challenge for massive parallelization. The results indicate that using our approach we achieve high utilization of the GPU even for complex hierarchical problems which pose a challenge for massive parallelization.
Disease Control Priorities for Neglected Tropical Diseases: Lessons from Priority Ranking Based on the Quality of Evidence, Cost Effectiveness, Severity of Disease, Catastrophic Health Expenditures, and Loss of Productivity
Authors: Strømme Elisabeth Marie , Bærøe Kristine , Norheim Ole Frithjof 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of limited health care budgets in countries where Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are endemic, scaling up disease control interventions entails the setting of priorities. However, solutions based solely on cost‐effectiveness analyses may lead to biased and insufficiently justified priorities.ObjectivesThe objectives of this paper are to 1) demonstrate how a range of equity concerns can be used to identify feasible priority setting criteria, 2) show how these criteria can be fed into a multi‐criteria decision‐making matrix, and 3) discuss the conditions under which this decision‐making procedure should be carried out in a real‐world decision‐making context.MethodsThis paper draws on elements from theories of decision analysis and ethical theories of fair resource allocation. We explore six typical NTD interventions by employing a modified multi‐criteria decision analysis model with predefined criteria, drawn from a priority setting guide under development by the WHO. To identify relevant evidence for the six chosen interventions, we searched the PubMed and Cochrane databases.DiscussionOur in vitro multi‐criteria decision analysis suggested that case management for visceral leishmaniasis should be given a higher priority than mass campaigns to prevent soil‐transmitted helminthic infections. This seems to contradict current health care priorities and recommendations in the literature. We also consider procedural conditions that should be met in a contextualised decision‐making process and we stress the limitations of this study exercise.ConclusionBy exploring how several criteria relevant to the multi‐facetted characteristics of NTDs can be taken into account simultaneously, we are able to suggest how improved priority settings among NTDs can be realised.
Collaborative International Research: Ethical and Regulatory Issues Pertaining to Human Biological Materials at a South African Institutional Research Ethics Committee
Authors: Sathar Aslam , Dhai Amaboo , van der Linde Stephan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHuman Biological Materials (HBMs) are an invaluable resource in biomedical research.ObjectiveTo determine if researchers and a Research Ethics Committee (REC) at a South African institution addressed ethical issues pertaining to HBMs in collaborative research with developed countries.Study DesignEthically approved retrospective cross‐sectional descriptive audit.ResultsOf the 1305 protocols audited, 151 (11.57%) fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria. Compared to other developed countries, a majority of sponsors (90) were from the USA (p = 0.0001). The principle investigators (PIs) in all 151 protocols informed the REC of their intent to store HBMs. Only 132 protocols informed research participants (P < 0.0001). In 148 protocols informed consent (IC) was obtained from research participants, 116 protocols (76.8%) solicited broad consent compared to specific consent (32; 21.2%) [p < 0.0001]. In 105 cases a code was used to maintain confidentiality. HBMs were anonymised in 14 protocols [p < 0.0001]. More protocols informed the REC (90) than the research participants (67) that HBMs would be exported (p = 0.011). Export permits (EPs) and Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) were not available in 109 and 143 protocols, respectively.ConclusionsResearchers and the REC did not adequately address the inter‐related ethical and regulatory issues pertaining to HBMs. There was a lack of congruence between the ethical guidelines of developed countries and their actions which are central to the access to HBMs in collaborative research. HBMs may be leaving South Africa without EPs and MTAs during the process of international collaborative research.
Ethical Use of Antiretroviral Resources for HIV Prevention in Resource Poor Settings
Authors: Rennie Stuart 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effectiveness of antiretroviral regimes (ARVs) to reduce risk of HIV transmission from mother to child and as post‐exposure prophylaxis has been known for almost two decades. Recent research indicates ARVs can also reduce the risk of HIV transmission via sexual intercourse in two other ways. With pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), ARVs are used to reduce risk of HIV acquisition among persons who are HIV negative and significantly exposed to the virus. With treatment as prevention (TasP), ARVs are used to reduce risk of HIV transmission from persons who are already HIV positive. The development of these new prevention strategies raises a rationing problem: given the chronic shortage of ARVs for HIV‐infected persons in need of treatment, is it ethically justified to allocate ARVs for PrEP and/or TasP? This article examines the intuitively appealing view that allocation of ARVs for treatment should be the highest priority, the use of ARVs for TasP should be a secondary priority, and that utilizing ARVs for PrEP would be unethical. I will argue that selective, evidence‐based allocation of ARVs for prevention in certain cases could be ethically justified even when there is insufficient anti‐retroviral access for all those needing it for treatment.
Ethical Tradeoffs in Trial Design: Case Study of an HPV Vaccine Trial in HIV‐Infected Adolescent Girls in Lower Income Settings
Authors: Lindsey J.C. , Shah S.K. , Siberry G.K. , Jean‐Philippe P. , Levin M.J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Declaration of Helsinki and the Council of the International Organization of Medical Sciences provide guidance on standards of care and prevention in clinical trials. In the current and increasingly challenging research environment, the ethical status of a trial design depends not only on protection of participants, but also on social value, feasibility, and scientific validity. Using the example of a study assessing efficacy of a vaccine to prevent human papilloma virus in HIV‐1 infected adolescent girls in low resource countries without access to the vaccine, we compare several trial designs which rank lower on some criteria and higher on others, giving rise to difficult trade‐offs. This case demonstrates the need for developing more nuanced guidance documents to help researchers balance these often conflicting criteria.
Ethical Considerations in Determining Standard of Prevention Packages for HIV Prevention Trials: Examining PrEP
Authors: Haire Bridget , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Hankins Catherine , Sugarman Jeremy , McCormack Sheena , Ramjee Gita , Warren Mitchell 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe successful demonstration that antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can be used in diverse ways to reduce HIV acquisition or transmission risks – either taken as pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by those who are uninfected or as early treatment for prevention (T4P) by those living with HIV – expands the armamentarium of existing HIV prevention tools. These findings have implications for the design of future HIV prevention research trials. With the advent of multiple effective HIV prevention tools, discussions about the ethics and the feasibility of future HIV prevention trial designs have intensified.This article outlines arguments concerning the inclusion of newly established ARV‐based HIV prevention interventions as standard of prevention in HIV prevention trials from multiple perspectives. Ultimately, there is a clear need to incorporate stakeholders in a robust discussion to determine the appropriate trial design for each study population.
Trans‐vessel gradient of myeloperoxidase in coronary artery disease
Authors: Alipour Arash , Ribalta Josep , Njo Tjin L. , Janssen Hans W. , Birnie Erwin , van Miltenburg Addy J. M. , Elte Jan Willem F. , Castro Cabezas Manuel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) may reflect generalized inflammation. We evaluated leucocyte activation in subjects with and without CAD in different vascular compartments.Materials and MethodsPatients were divided in two groups; subjects without CAD (controls; n = 25) and with stable CAD (n = 52) based on coronary angiography. After blood sampling from vessels, cardiovascular risk factors and leucocyte activation markers CD11b, CD66b and cytoplasmatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsMyeloperoxidase (MPO) was higher in patients with CAD at all sites compared with controls (188 ± 7 vs. 210 ± 12 au for venous (P < 0·05), 178 ± 7 vs. 212 ± 12 au for femoral artery (P = 0·08), 166 ± 7 vs. 195 ± 12 au for abdominal artery (P < 0·05), 166 ± 6 vs. 189 ± 14 au for left coronary (P = 0·08) and 163 ± 6 vs. 193 ± 12 au for the right coronary artery (P < 0·05)). Other markers did not differ between the groups. A gradient of inflammation from peripheral vessels to the coronaries was found by differences in MPO in both groups; from 210 ± 12 au in the venous compartments towards 189 ± 14 and 193 ± 12 au, in the left and right coronaries, respectively, for the controls (P = 0·001), and from 188 ± 7 au in the venous compartment towards 166 ± 6 and 163 ± 6 au in the left and right coronaries, respectively, for the patients (P = 0·007). Other leucocyte activation markers did not show such a gradient.ConclusionsThere is a generalized inflammatory neutrophil gradient for MPO from peripheral vessels towards the coronaries in both patients with CAD and controls. However, patients with CAD show a higher degree of inflammation, mostly in the coronaries. These data strengthen the role of activated neutrophils in CAD.
Resource use by juvenile brown trout andAlpine bullhead: influence of interspecific versus intraspecific competition
Authors: Louhi Pauliina , Mäki‐Petäys Aki , Huusko Ari , Muotka Timo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStream‐dwelling salmonids and bullheads occupy similar resource niches in northern rivers. It is therefore tempting to assume that they might be involved in a competitive interaction, with potential implications for the habitat use and growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta). We conducted artificial‐stream experiments to test whether a putative competitor,Alpine bullhead (Cottus poecilopus), had an effect on the habitat use of under‐yearling (0+) and yearling (1+) trout. We hypothesised that (i) 1+ trout would be competitively superior to 0+ trout, forcing the younger fish to suboptimal habitats, and that (ii) bullhead might affect the habitat use and prey selection of 0+ trout but less so that of 1+ trout. Against our predictions, no effect of bullhead was found on the habitat use of either age class of brown trout. Instead, yearling trout seemed to force bullheads to suboptimal microhabitats with high current velocities. Presence of yearlings also decreased the growth of under‐yearling fish and caused a shift in their diet composition. These findings suggest that competitive interactions may not limit the coexistence of brown trout and bullheads in boreal rivers. Intraspecific interactions between trout age classes may be more important, with potentially detrimental effects on the growth and overwintering success of 0+ trout.