bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity level is not a determinant of autonomic nervous system activity and clinical severity in children/adolescents with sickle cell anemia: A pilot study
Authors: Charlot Keyne , Moeckesch Berenike , Jumet Stéphane , Romana Marc , Waltz Xavier , Divialle‐Doumdo Lydia , Hardy‐Dessources Marie‐Dominique , Petras Marie , Tressières Benoît , Pichon Aurélien , Tarer Vanessa , Hue Olivier , Etienne‐Julan Maryse , Antoine‐Jonville Sophie , Connes Philippe 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundAutonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been suggested to modulate the clinical severity of sickle cell anemia (SCA) by increasing the risk for vaso‐occlusive events. Regular physical activity (PA) is known to improve ANS activity and health status in several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Whether regular PA improves the health status of SCA patients remains unknown.ProcedureTwenty‐two patients with SCA and 15 healthy (AA) children/adolescents participated to the study. Heart rate variability was measured in supine position and after a tilt‐test to quantify the ANS activity. PA energy expenditure (PAEE) was assessed with questionnaire.Results1) PAEE was lower in SCA compared to AA (190 ± 152 vs. 432 ± 277 kcal·d−1, respectively, P < 0.01), 2) overall ANS activity was lower in SCA compared to AA, 3) parasympathetic withdrawal was observed in SCA with aging, 4) ANS reactivity was slightly impaired in SCA compared to AA (reduction in HFnu: −38 ± 27 vs. −58 ± 14%, respectively, P < 0.05), 5) ANS indices, PAEE, and rates of clinical events were not correlated.ConclusionBoth the level of PA and ANS activity are reduced in SCA compared to AA children/adolescents, particularly in those older than 15 years. Neither PAEE, nor ANS activity seem to influence the clinical severity of children/adolescents with SCA. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The association of crown‐rump length discrepancy with birthweight discordance in spontaneous versus IVF monochorionic twins: a multicenter study
Authors: Ben‐Ami Ido , Daniel‐Spiegel Etty , Battino Shlomo , Melcer Yaakov , Floeck Anne , Geipel Annegret , Miron Pierre , Maymon Ron 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the associations of crown‐rump length (CRL) discrepancy with birthweight discordance in spontaneous versus in vitro fertilization (IVF) monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies.MethodThis is a multicenter retrospective study on women with twin pregnancies assessed for nuchal translucency between January 1997 and July 2013. The study group was subdivided into MC twins conceived spontaneously and after IVF. Pregnancies with later fetal death or twin transfusion syndrome were excluded. A large‐weight discordance was defined as a difference of birthweights of >15%.ResultsThe study group included 171 pregnancies; of them, 142 (83%) were spontaneous and 29 (17%) were IVF conceived. In the entire cohort, we found a significant correlation between birthweight discordance and CRL discrepancy (r = 0.173, P < 0.05). While a significant correlation was found between CRL discrepancy and birthweight discordance in spontaneous‐conceived pregnancies (n = 142, r = 0.24, P = 0.005), such correlation was not present in IVF pregnancies (n = 29, r = −0.7, P = 0.724). A logistic regression analysis found significant odds of larger‐weight discordance for each increase of 1% in CRL discrepancy among spontaneously conceived pregnancies (odds ratio = 1.1, confidence interval = 1.03–1.2, P = 0.005). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for large‐weight discordance in the spontaneously conceived pregnancies demonstrated an area under the ROC curve of 0.613 (P = 0.039).ConclusionThe significant correlation between CRL discrepancy and birthweight discordance in spontaneous versus IVF MC twin pregnancies might suggest differential monozygotic twinning process. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religious beliefs, practices, and health in colorectal cancer patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shaheen Al Ahwal Mahmoud , Al Zaben Faten , Sehlo Mohammad Gamal , Khalifa Doaa Ahmed , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience considerable psychological stress because of changes brought on by their illness. Religion may be a resource for such patients. We examined the prevalence of religious beliefs and practices in CRC patients and correlation with demographic, social, psychological, and physical health characteristics.MethodsSeventy CRC patients (all Muslim) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were surveyed using a 13‐item Muslim religiosity scale. Standard measures were used to assess depressive symptoms, depressive disorder, and social support; demographic and social factors, psychiatric history, and disease factors were also measured.ResultsAll 70 participants (100%) engaged in group worship and prayer (Fard) five times/day, and 75.7% never skipped or combined two or more obligatory prayers; 71.4% read or recited the Qur'an several times/week or daily; 80.0% gave money to the poor each year (Zakat); 71.4% fasted throughout the month of Ramadan (Sawm) and other times as well; 91.4% said they ‘definitely’ experienced the presence of Allah; and 74.3% said their entire approach to life was definitely based on their religious beliefs. Overall religiosity was inversely related to depressive symptoms (B = −0.58, SE = 0.30, p = 0.026) and suicidal ideation (B = −0.07, SE = 0.03, p = 0.025), after controlling for financial status and social factors.ConclusionsReligious involvement was widespread in this sample of CRC patients in Saudi Arabia and was related to fewer depressive symptoms and less suicidal ideation. No relationship was found with stage of disease or duration of treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication bias in meta‐analyses from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Kicinski Michal , Springate David A. , Kontopantelis Evangelos 
Published: May 2015

We used a Bayesian hierarchical selection model to study publication bias in 1106 meta‐analyses from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews comparing treatment with either placebo or no treatment. For meta‐analyses of efficacy, we estimated the ratio of the probability of including statistically significant outcomes favoring treatment to the probability of including other outcomes. For meta‐analyses of safety, we estimated the ratio of the probability of including results showing no evidence of adverse effects to the probability of including results demonstrating the presence of adverse effects.Results: In the meta‐analyses of efficacy, outcomes favoring treatment had on average a 27% (95% Credible Interval (CI): 18% to 36%) higher probability to be included than other outcomes. In the meta‐analyses of safety, results showing no evidence of adverse effects were on average 78% (95% CI: 51% to 113%) more likely to be included than results demonstrating that adverse effects existed. In general, the amount of over‐representation of findings favorable to treatment was larger in meta‐analyses including older studies.Conclusions: In the largest study on publication bias in meta‐analyses to date, we found evidence of publication bias in Cochrane systematic reviews. In general, publication bias is smaller in meta‐analyses of more recent studies, indicating their better reliability and supporting the effectiveness of the measures used to reduce publication bias in clinical trials. Our results indicate the need to apply currently underutilized meta‐analysis tools handling publication bias based on the statistical significance, especially when studies included in a meta‐analysis are not recent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making Meaning Through Translanguaging in the Literacy Classroom
Authors: Pacheco Mark B. , Miller Mary E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this Teaching Tip, we share three literacy activities for teachers working with emergent bilinguals. Leveraging students’ heritage languages in instruction holds rich opportunities for literacy achievement. Translanguaging pedagogies encourage emergent bilinguals to use the full range of their linguistic repertoires when making meaning in the classroom. We describe three snapshots of three different classroom activities that welcome, leverage, and develop students’ heritage languages in literacy instruction through translanguaging pedagogies. These activities include using text features with heritage language newspapers, summarizing when writing bilingual book reports, and using translating and home photos when creatingeBooks. We conclude with implications for both student and teacher learning.
Preoperative Prediction of Lymph Node Status by Circulating Mir‐18b and Mir‐20a During Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: Azizian Azadeh , Kramer Frank , Jo Peter , Wolff Hendrik A. , Beißbarth Tim , Skarupke Robert , Bernhardt Markus , Grade Marian , Michael Ghadimi B. , Gaedcke Jochen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn locally advanced rectal cancer, therapeutic success of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) ranges from resistance to complete regression. For those patients that respond well to CRT, local resection (LR) procedures are currently under investigation to minimize surgical morbidity and to improve functional outcome. To maintain the oncologic benefit appropriate staging procedures are essential. However, current clinical assessment and imaging techniques need further improvement.MethodsFive miRNAs associated with rectal cancer (miR‐17, miR‐18b, miR‐20a, miR‐31, and miR‐193‐3p) were analyzed in the plasma of rectal cancer patients (n = 42) using qPCR. Expression levels were assessed before, during and after CRT and analyzed in regard to patients’ lymph node status obtained after total mesorectal excision and intensive histopathological work‐up.ResultsFour of the five miRNAs revealed reliable results in the plasma. miR‐31 was excluded due to its low expression. MicroRNA‐17, 18b, 20a, and 193‐3p showed altering expression levels at different time points. Only 43 % (miR‐17), 43 % (miR‐18b), 53 % (miR‐20a), and 60 % (miR‐193‐3p) showed a continuous in‐ or decrease of miRNA expression. The reduced expression of miR‐18b and miR‐20a during CRT was found to be significantly associated with postoperative lymph node negativity (p < 0.05).ConclusionMicroRNA expression in patient plasma changes during preoperative CRT. The alteration is not continuous and the meaning requires additional analysis on a larger patient cohort. The co‐occurrence of reduced miR‐18b and miR‐20a expression with lymph node negativity after preoperative CRT could help to stratify the surgical procedure with respect to total mesorectal excision and LR if validated prospectively.
Coarse woody debris respiration of Japanese red pine forests in Korea: controlling factors and contribution to the ecosystem carbon cycle
Authors: Yoon Tae Kyung , Noh Nam Jin , Kim Seongjun , Han Saerom , Son Yowhan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCoarse woody debris (CWD) respiration (RCWD) has strengths in efficient investigation of CWD decomposition rate and application into studies on ecosystem carbon (C) processes. Here, RCWD was investigated in two Japanese red pine forests to determine its response to environmental factors and CWD properties, and its contribution to the ecosystem C budget. Samples were collected based on CWD position (log or snag), species (pine or deciduous), and decay class in the Gwangneung pine forest (GPF) and the Mt. Jumbong pine forest (JPF), Korea. RCWD was measured at different incubation temperatures using a closed chamber system. Annual RCWD was estimated by developing and applying air temperature–RCWD regressions to air temperature data. In the GPF, annual estimated RCWD (g C kg−1 year−1) was 29.54, 3.90, and 158.95 for pine logs, pine snags, and deciduous logs, respectively. In the JPF, RCWD was 49.09 for pine logs and 14.55 for pine snags. Temperature and CWD moisture were the main drivers of RCWD. CWD species also influenced RCWD, possibly by supporting different habitats for microbes and invertebrates. RCWD in the GPF accounted for approximately 4 % of heterotrophic respiration and 54 % of the CWD decomposition rate. In the JPF, RCWD was approximately equal to the CWD decomposition rate. RCWD might constitute a minor portion of the net ecosystem production (4 % in the GPF), because of the relatively high stand productivities and small CWD masses. In the GPF, the major factor influencing RCWD was mortality, whereas moisture had the greatest influence on RCWD in the JPF.
Prosopis farcta Seeds: Potential Source of Protein and Unsaturated Fatty Acids?
Authors: Lajnef Houda Ben , Mejri Houda , Feriani Anouer , Khemiri Sheyma , Saadaoui Ezzeddine , Nasri Nizar , Tlili Nizar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe goal of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition of the Prosopis farcta seeds. The Kjeldahl method revealed that the level of the total protein was ca. 18 % on a dry weight basis (DW). Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of six fatty acids. Linoleic acid with 57.55 % was the major fatty acid, followed by oleic and palmitic acids (24.58 and 12.91 %, respectively). Total phenolic content was 1.71 mg GAE/g DW (GAE = gallic acid equivalents). Methanolic extracts showed important antioxidant properties. This work highlights the importance of P. farcta seeds as natural and inexpensive sources of protein, unsaturated fatty acid, and phenolic compounds for both cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses.
An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow
Authors: Desprez-Loustau Marie-Laure , Aguayo Jaime , Dutech Cyril , Hayden Katherine J. , Husson Claude , Jakushkin Boris , Marçais Benoît , Piou Dominique , Robin Cécile , Vacher Corinne 
Published: May 2015

AbstractKey messageIncreasing human impacts on forests, including unintentional movement of pathogens, climate change, and large-scale intensive plantations, are associated with an unprecedented rate of new diseases. An evolutionary ecology perspective can help address these challenges and provide direction for sustainable forest management.ContextForest pathology has historically relied on an ecological approach to understand and address the practical management of forest diseases. A widening of this perspective to include evolutionary considerations has been increasingly developed in response to the rising rates of genetic change in both pathogen populations and tree populations due to human activities.AimsHere, five topics for which the evolutionary perspective is especially relevant are highlighted.ResultsThe first relates to the evolutionary diversity of fungi and fungal-like organisms, with issues linked to the identification of species and their ecological niches. The second theme deals with the evolutionary processes that allow forest pathogens to adapt to new hosts after introductions or to become more virulent in homogeneous plantations. The third theme presents issues linked to disease resistance in tree breeding programs (e.g., growth-defense trade-offs) and proposes new criteria and methods for more durable resistance. The last two themes are dedicated to the biotic environment of the tree–pathogen system, namely, hyperparasites and tree microbiota, as possible solutions for health management.ConclusionWe conclude by highlighting three major conceptual advances brought by evolutionary biology, i.e., that (i) “not everything is everywhere”, (ii) evolution of pathogen populations can occur on short time scales, and (iii) the tree is a multitrophic community. We further translate these into a framework for immediate policy recommendations and future directions for research.
A novel approach to predict surface roughness in machining operations using fuzzy set theory
Authors: Tseng Tzu-Liang (Bill) , Konada Udayvarun , Kwon Yongjin (James) 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The increase of consumer needs for quality metal cutting related products with more precise tolerances and better product surface roughness has driven the metal cutting industry to continuously improve quality control of metal cutting processes. In this paper, two different approaches are discussed. First, design of experiments (DOE) is used to determine the significant factors and then fuzzy logic approach is presented for the prediction of surface roughness. The data used for the training and checking the fuzzy logic performance is derived from the experiments conducted on a CNC milling machine. In order to obtain better surface roughness, the proper sets of cutting parameters are determined before the process takes place. The factors considered for DOE in the experiment were the depth of cut, feed rate per tooth, cutting speed, tool nose radius, the use of cutting fluid and the three components of the cutting force. Finally the significant factors were used as input factors for fuzzy logic mechanism and surface roughness is predicted with empirical formula developed. Test results show good agreement between the actual process output and the predicted surface roughness.
Highlights This work uses innovative methods in process prediction with the application of FST. Many potential benefits of fuzzy set theory have been presented and instantiated. The fuzzy set equations are built on the data obtained from the experiments. A detailed analysis is presented using experimental case study. The results indicate the good accuracy of proposed method.
Nonalcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Authors: Welsh Amanda , Rogers Peter , Clift Fraser 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a serious neurologic condition resulting from thiamine deficiency. The majority of cases involve alcoholism; however, nonalcohol-associated WE does occur and is under-recognized. We discuss a case of a 22-year-old man with a history of Crohn’s disease who presented to our emergency department with multiple neurologic complaints related to WE.
Algerian Disorders: On Deconstructive Postcolonialism in Cixous and Derrida
Authors: Kaiser Birgit Mara 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article explores Hélène Cixous’s and Jacques Derrida’s explicit revisiting of their Algerian memories, especially in their later work (mainlyReveries of the Wild WomanandMonolingualism of the Other). These texts offer a specifically deconstructive response to the colonial project in Algeria, attempting to think non-appropriative relations to otherness and processes of identification that exceed a self/other binary. Investigating the colonial principle that manifested itself in Algeria from the vantage point of their Judeo-Franco-Maghrebian situatedness, they derive from this position not accounts of cultural particularity, but analyses of (and alternatives to) colonial practices of identification: analyzing colonial and identity politics as harmful to a fundamental relationality to otherness and affirming a “spectral” zone without belonging that nonetheless carves out a life with, toward, and of the other, on the others’ sides, relational without being oblivious of antagonisms and violence.
Bullying victimization in childhood predicts inflammation and obesity at mid-life: a five-decade birth cohort study
Authors: Takizawa R. , Danese A. , Maughan B. , Arseneault L. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundWe aimed to test whether childhood bullying victimization increases risk for age-related disease at mid-life using biological markers including inflammation and adiposity, independent of other childhood risk factors and key adult variables.MethodThe present study was a 50-year prospective longitudinal birth cohort study of all births in Britain in 1 week in 1958. Exposure to bullying was assessed prospectively when participants were aged 7 and 11 years (27.7% occasionally bullied; 14.6% frequently bullied). Blood inflammation biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen] and adiposity [body mass index (BMI) and waist:hip ratio] were measured at age 45 years.ResultsParticipants who had been frequently bullied in childhood showed increased levels of CRP at mid-life [β = 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.10] and higher risk for clinically relevant inflammation cut-off [CRP > 3 mg/l: 20.4% v. 15.9%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% CI 1.12–1.64]. Women who were bullied in childhood had higher BMI than non-bullied participants and were at increased risk of being obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2: occasionally bullied: 26.0% v. 19.4%, OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.77; frequently bullied: 26.2% v. 19.4%, OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.09–1.83). Findings remained significant when controlling for childhood risk factors (e.g. parental social class; participants’ BMI and psychopathology in childhood) and key adult variables (e.g. adult social class, smoking, diet and exercise).ConclusionsBullied children show increases in risk factors for age-related disease in middle adulthood, independent of co-occurring childhood and adult risks. Given the high prevalence of bullying victimization in childhood, tackling this form of psychosocial stress early in life has the potential of reducing risk for age-related disease and its associated burden.
WHAT’S VIRTUOUS ABOUT THE LAW?
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTDebates about our moral relation to the law typically focus on the moral force of law. Often, the question asked is: Do we have a moral duty to follow the law? Recently, that question has been given a virtue-ethical formulation: Is there a virtue in abiding by the law? This paper considers our moral relation to the law in terms of virtue but focuses on a different question from the traditional ones. The question here is: Can the law model virtue in beneficial ways that enable us to cultivate virtue? This paper shows that the law can do this by setting a moral example that we have good reason to emulate. This is significant given the distinctive influence the law has over our lives. The paper begins by examining the nature of a model, comparing different models of virtue, and then questions the possibility of a complete model of virtue such as the so-called Virtuous Person. The paper then articulates several ways in which the law can model virtue for us and responds to three objections: 1) the embodiment problem, 2) the poisoning problem, and 3) the emulation problem.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the close association between soil Burkholderia and fungi
Authors: Stopnisek Nejc , Zühlke Daniela , Carlier Aurélien , Barberán Albert , Fierer Noah , Becher Dörte , Riedel Katharina , Eberl Leo , Weisskopf Laure 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Bacterial species belonging to the genus Burkholderia have been repeatedly reported to be associated with fungi but the extent and specificity of these associations in soils remain undetermined. To assess whether associations between Burkholderia and fungi are widespread in soils, we performed a co-occurrence analysis in an intercontinental soil sample collection. This revealed that Burkholderia significantly co-occurred with a wide range of fungi. To analyse the molecular basis of the interaction, we selected two model fungi frequently co-occurring with Burkholderia, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani, and analysed the proteome changes caused by cultivation with either fungus in the widespread soil inhabitant B. glathei, whose genome we sequenced. Co-cultivation with both fungi led to very similar changes in the B. glathei proteome. Our results indicate that B. glathei significantly benefits from the interaction, which is exemplified by a lower abundance of several starvation factors that were highly expressed in pure culture. However, co-cultivation also gave rise to stress factors, as indicated by the increased expression of multidrug efflux pumps and proteins involved in oxidative stress response. Our data suggest that the ability of Burkholderia to establish a close association with fungi mainly lies in the capacities to utilize fungal-secreted metabolites and to overcome fungal defense mechanisms. This work indicates that beneficial interactions with fungi might contribute to the survival strategy of Burkholderia species in environments with sub-optimal conditions, including acidic soils.