bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of falling: association between the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, in‐hospital falls and hospital length of stay
Authors: Gettens Stephanie , Fulbrook Paul 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesFalls in hospital are costly and may impact psychologically on fallers causing them to avoid mobilization, thereby affecting recovery rate and hospital length of stay. The study aim was to investigate the relationships between fear of falling, falls risk, in‐hospital falls and hospital length of stay.MethodA convenience sample (n = 141) of patients from a large tertiary hospital was recruited. Data were collected over 6 months using the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) on ward admission, prior to discharge, and in the event of a fall.ResultsA third of the sample (n = 44) was admitted to hospital following a fall. The majority (65%) was categorized as medium falls risk. Twenty‐five participants sustained a total of 30 falls during their hospital admission of which 13 sustained a total of 15 falls on the study wards. The mean admission MFES score was 5.5, which increased to 6.1 on hospital discharge. Fallers scored significantly lower admission MFES scores than non‐fallers (P = 0.003). Receiver‐operating curve analysis indicated that admission MFES score was a ‘fair’ predictor of sustaining a fall (area under curve = 0.71, P = 0.013). With a cut‐off score of 5, admission MFES sensitivity was 77% and specificity was 55%. Study ward fallers had significantly longer hospital length of stay (49 days) than non‐fallers (27 days; P = 0.037). Furthermore, regardless of whether the participant was a faller or not, significantly longer hospital stay was associated with an admission MFES score of less than 5.ConclusionsAn admission MFES score of less than 5 is an effective predictor of patient falls and is associated with a significantly longer hospital length of stay.
Comparison of Anthocyanin Concentration in Blueberries Processed Using Hydrothermodynamic Technology and Conventional Processing Technologies
Authors: Satanina V. , Kalt W. , Astatkie T. , Havard P. , Martynenko A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHydrothermodynamic (HTD) processing technology was compared with simulated conventional (SC) processing technology in the production of a blueberry (BB) purée. HTD technology is a single unit operation that combines the physical processes of cavitation, mechanical friction and temperature to create a fruit purée with 100% mass recovery. In HTD processing, frozen wild BBs (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) were thawed and pasteurized at 95C to yield a pasteurized purée. In SC processing, BBs were mechanically puréed and pasteurized at the same heating rate as the HTD processing (1.9C/min). BB purées produced with HTD and SC technologies were compared in terms of their anthocyanin (ACN) concentration and percent polymeric color values, which indicate the level of process‐related phenolic oxidation. ACN concentration in purée from both HTD and SC technologies was significantly lower than that in frozen BBs. However, within 48 h after processing, ACN retention (%) in the purée produced using HTD technology was almost two times higher than that in the purée produced using SC processing (81% versus 43% of that in frozen berries). ACN concentration was the highest in the purée produced using HTD when compared with that in commercially available BB‐based products. These results suggest that higher ACN concentration may be achieved in purées produced using HTD technology compared with conventional methods.Practical ApplicationsThe potential of hydrothermodynamic (HTD) technology to prevent quality losses of heat‐sensitive blueberry products was evaluated. Anthocyanin retention of blueberry purée processed using HTD technology was significantly higher than that in blueberry products (e.g., juice, purée) processed commercially using thermal processing. This new technology has a great potential for maintaining food quality during product storage by reducing the negative effects of oxygen and prolonged exposure to enzymes.
Pomegranate Seed Oil‐Loaded Particles of the Zein Cross‐Linked with Citric Acid
Authors: Tavakolipour Hamid , Bagheri Leila , Madadlou Ashkan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractZein was cross‐linked chemically with citric acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide as the reaction catalyst. Water was then used to desolvate the zein and generate core‐free or pomegranate seed oil‐loaded particles. Mean size of the particles obtained from noncross‐linked and cross‐linked zein was 350 and 246 nm, respectively. Cross‐linking reaction caused an increase in the oil encapsulation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherical morphology of particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the occurrence of chemical linkages between citric acid and zein. As well, it suggested that oil entrapment inside the zein particles was merely physical. Particulation of zein increased the upper limit of the glass transition phenomenon of biopolymer from 78C to ∼120C. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was also affected by the cross‐linking of zein and oil encapsulation. The amount of encapsulated oil released from particles via the peptic hydrolysis was lower for the cross‐linked sample.Practical ApplicationsMany biologically active ingredients including the pomegranate seed oil are extensively susceptible to oxidation, as well as, some are hydrolyzed considerably by enzymes leading to diminished bioactivity. Encapsulation of these hydrophobic cores within sub‐micron zein particles generated via desolvation with water (an easily scale‐up able method) leads not only to increased oxidative stability but also the wider application of core in aqueous foods. Citric acid‐mediated cross‐linking of zein molecules before the desolvation stage increased considerably the gastric digestion stability of particles, which assures that the encapsulated core may pass the stomach without being hydrolyzed with pepsin or acid. The particles prepared from the cross‐linked zein were also more heat resistant. This suggested that the particles can be heat‐treated to higher temperatures in food processing practices.
Does Walking Speed Mediate the Association Between Visual Impairment and Self‐Report of Mobility Disability? The Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study
Authors: Swenor Bonnielin K. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , Muñoz Beatriz , West Sheila K. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether performance speeds mediate the association between visual impairment and self‐reported mobility disability over an 8‐year period.DesignLongitudinal analysis.SettingSalisbury, Maryland.ParticipantsSalisbury Eye Evaluation Study participants aged 65 and older (N = 2,520).MeasurementsVisual impairment was defined as best‐corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 in the better‐seeing eye or visual field less than 20°. Self‐reported mobility disability on three tasks was assessed: walking up stairs, walking down stairs, and walking 150 feet. Performance speed on three similar tasks was measured: walking up steps (steps/s), walking down steps (steps/s), and walking 4 m (m/s).ResultsFor each year of observation, the odds of reporting mobility disability was significantly greater for participants who were visually impaired (VI) than for those who were not (NVI) (odds ratio (OR) difficulty walking up steps = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32–1.89; OR difficulty walking down steps = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.59–2.28; OR difficulty walking 150 feet = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.77–2.51). Once performance speed on a similar mobility task was included in the models, VI participants were no longer more likely to report mobility disability than those who were NVI (OR difficulty walking up steps = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.65–1.11; OR difficulty walking down steps = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.74–1.24; OR difficulty walking 150 feet = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.98–1.50).ConclusionSlower performance speed in VI individuals largely accounted for the difference in the odds of reporting mobility disability, suggesting that VI older adults walk slower and are therefore more likely to report mobility disability than those who are NVI. Improving mobility performance in older adults with visual impairment may minimize the perception of mobility disability.
Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults with Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: Effect on Chemotherapy‐Related Toxicity and Hospitalization During Treatment
Authors: Maggiore Ronald J. , Dale William , Gross Cary P. , Feng Tao , Tew William P. , Mohile Supriya G. , Owusu Cynthia , Klepin Heidi D. , Lichtman Stuart M. , Gajra Ajeet , Ramani Rupal , Katheria Vani , Zavala Laura , Hurria Arti ,   the Cancer and Aging Research Group
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and the association between these and chemotherapy‐related adverse events in older adults with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.DesignSecondary analysis of prospectively collected data.SettingOutpatient oncology clinics in seven academic medical centers.ParticipantsAdults aged 65 and older with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.MeasurementsMeasures included number of daily medications (polypharmacy); PIM use based on three indices (Beers, Zhan, and Drugs to Avoid in the Elderly criteria), and use of six “high risk” medication classes for adverse drug events (anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, opioids, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, antiarrhythmics). Using multivariate logistic regression, the relations were evaluated between these criteria and Grade 3 to 5 chemotherapy‐related toxicity and between these criteria and hospitalization during chemotherapy.ResultsParticipants (N = 500; mean age 73, 61% Stage IV disease) took a mean of 5 ± 4 daily medications (range 0–23). PIM use was common (up to 29% according to Beers criteria). No association was found between number of daily medications (reference 0–3 medications) and toxicity (4–9 medications, odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92–1.97; ≥10 medications, OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.45–1.49) or hospitalization (≥4 medications, OR=1.34, 95% CI=0.82–2.18, P = .24). There was also no association between PIM use and toxicity (P = .93) or hospitalization (P = .98). No medication class was associated with either outcome.ConclusionsPolypharmacy and PIM use were common but were not associated with chemotherapy‐related toxicity or hospitalization in older adults with cancer.
Cognitive Function, Behavioral Problems, and Physical Function in Long‐Term Care Insurance Beneficiaries with Dementia in South Korea: Comparison of Home Care and Institutional Care Services
Authors: Lee Tae Wha , Yim Eunsil , Cho Eunhee , Chung Jane 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo examine, in beneficiaries with long‐term care (LTC) insurance (LTCI) with dementia in Korea, changes in cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, and physical function over time in relation to LTCI service type and to determine the 2‐year effects of service type on those health outcomes.DesignSecondary analyses of the existing LTCI data set from 2008 to 2010.SettingSouth Korea.ParticipantsLTCI beneficiaries with dementia aged 65 and older (N = 31,319). Participants were divided according to the service type that they were receiving home care (HC), institutional care (IC), and combined care (CC).MeasurementsA LTC approval checklist was used to determine the level of LTCI coverage of each participant and to assess cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, and physical function. Linear mixed models and multiple regression models were used.ResultsThere were significant differences in cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, and physical function at baseline between individuals receiving the three service types (P < .001) and overall improvements in those outcomes over 2 years in the three groups (P < .001). After limiting the sample to those who had received LTCI services for the full 2 years (2008–2010) and adjusting for baseline characteristics, individuals receiving HC were more likely to have better cognitive and physical function than those receiving IC or CC but were likely to have more behavioral symptoms 2 years after the LTCI enrollment (P < .001).ConclusionLTCI service type (HC, IC, CC) predicted cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, and physical function at 2‐year follow‐up in beneficiaries with dementia. Further research is necessary to examine the effect of LTC services on health outcomes in a longer observational cohort.
‘Seeing me through my memories’: a grounded theory study on using reminiscence with people with dementia living in long‐term care
Authors: Cooney Adeline , Hunter Andrew , Murphy Kathy , Casey Dympna , Devane Declan , Smyth Siobhan , Dempsey Laura , Murphy Edel , Jordan Fionnuala , O'Shea Eamon 
Published: July 2014

Aims and objectivesTo understand people with dementia, staff and relatives perspectives on reminiscence, its impact on their lives and experience of care and care giving.BackgroundThe quality of life of people with dementia living in long‐term care is an important question for providers and policymakers. Reminiscence is thought to have potential for increasing resident–staff interaction, thereby contributing to enhanced personhood for people with dementia. Relatively little is known about the effects of reminiscence on people with dementia or staff.DesignThis is a grounded theory study. This design was chosen because of its focus on understanding people's behaviour, interaction and response to events.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with residents with dementia (n = 11), relatives (n = 5), healthcare assistants (n = 10), nurses (n = 9) and nurse managers (n = 3).ResultsReminiscence enabled staff tosee and knowthe person beneath the dementia. It acted as… a keyrevealing the person to staff, enabling them to engage with the person with dementia in a different way. Knowing the person enabled staff tounderstand(through the lens of the person's past) and sometimes toaccommodatethe person's current behaviour.ConclusionThe theory of ‘seeing me (through my memories)’ was generated from the data. This theory explains that through reminiscing and engaging with the person with dementia, staff begin to see the person (their personhood) through the mirror of their memories.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study found that reminiscence enhanced the experience of living in long‐term care for residents with dementia and working in long‐term care settings for staff.
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis in children: An update for 2014
Authors: Lemberg Daniel A , Day Andrew S 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCrohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have become increasingly common in Australasian children and adolescents in recent years. Furthermore, CD and UC are seen more often in younger children. These conditions are typically more extensive in children and tend to follow more severe disease courses than in adults. Although many children may present with typical symptoms (such as abdominal pain or bloody diarrhoea), others have atypical features (including oral ulceration, short stature or skin manifestations). In addition, many children with IBD will have altered growth or nutrition, which may compromise normal linear growth and pubertal development. Early identification and full assessment of children presenting with possible IBD are essential to avoid consequences of diagnostic delay and to optimise short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Management of IBD encompasses various options and should be undertaken within a team‐based, child and family‐focused, multidisciplinary setting.
Leveraging Social Network Sites in New Product Development: Opportunity or Hype?
Authors: Roberts Deborah L. , Candi Marina 
Published: July 2014

Leveraging social network sites is high on the list of priorities for a lot of businesses that are eager to find more effective ways to reach, learn about, and engage customers in new product development (NPD). However, the rapidly changing landscape of social network sites can be difficult to navigate successfully and doubts remain about whether and how they can be used to good effect. In fact, empirical research confirming a positive relationship between the use of social network sites inNPDand business performance is scarce.This paper reports on research examining the use of social network sites for three purposes, namely for market research guiding the development of new products, for getting customers to collaborate in theNPDprocess, and for new product launch. The results of this research suggest that the benefits expected from using social network sites inNPDare largely not being realized by businesses. Using social network sites to conduct market research leading into theNPDprocess was not found to contribute to business performance, and in fact was found to have negative relationships with both profitability and market growth. Using social network sites to get customers to collaborate in theNPDprocess was found to be positively related with innovativeness but not with market growth or profitability. Finally, using social network sites for new product launch was where the most positive indications were seen, since this was found to be positively related with innovativeness, market growth, and profitability.Thus, it appears that while businesses may get good results from using social network sites for product launch, they still have a learning curve to traverse before they can successfully use them for market research or customer collaboration inNPD. While there is currently a great deal of enthusiasm—even hype—about the potential opportunities of using social network sites forNPD, this research suggests that businesses should move carefully and recognize that just jumping on the social network bandwagon will not insure success.
Cognitive Frames, Learning Mechanisms, and Innovation Ambidexterity
Authors: Lin Hsing‐Er , McDonough Edward F. 
Published: July 2014

While there is general agreement about the need for firms to both exploit and explore, there has been little empirical research that has focused on understanding how firms can manage the tension that arises from engaging in these two activities. Some writers have theorized that the cognitive frames that individuals, teams, and organizations possess may play an important role in managing these tensions and fostering ambidextrous outcomes. However, a review of the extant literature on cognition and cognitive frames reveals that their role in managing this tension has not been examined at any level, including the strategic business unit (SBU) level. This paper has taken a first step in providing empirical validation for the notion that ambidextrous cognitive frames play an important role in generating innovation ambidexterity.To test the hypotheses, primary data were gathered from 178 Taiwanese companies (190 SBUs) operating in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, financial management, mechanical engineering, and electronic engineering sectors. Questionnaires were administered to senior level managers and middle‐level managers in each SBU. Because the theory and hypotheses of this study require an SBU level of analysis, respondents' individual scores on each variable were aggregated, and the SBU mean responses for each question were computed. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses.Different cognitive styles were found to impact different types of learning. An independent cognitive style was found to have a positive impact on intra‐SBU learning, while a reflection cognitive style had a positive impact on inter‐SBU learning. More importantly, ambidextrous cognitive frames, i.e., the combination of these two styles, were found to indirectly foster innovation ambidexterity by facilitating intra‐SBU learning and inter‐SBU learning simultaneously.These results suggest that managing the tension that arises from exploiting and exploring begins with the presence of dual cognitive styles. Ambidextrous cognitive frames enable SBUs to cognitively juxtapose contradictions and tensions in ways that allow them to “embrace” rather than avoid or deny these tensions. These findings provide validation for viewing SBUs as separate, holistic entities that collaboratively shape their cognitive frames. And it is these cognitive frames that enable their information processing which in turn causes the SBU to act or perform in a distinctive or characteristic manner. Additionally, these findings suggest that management teams may need to adopt ambidextrous cognitive frames that broaden the “problem space” to include multiple sources of learning that emanate from inside, as well as outside of the SBU or organization.
Retracted: Determination of some blood and seminal plasma ions in the beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Aramli M. S. , Habibi E. , Aramli S. , Nouri H. A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBlood and seminal plasma ionic parameters are essential for monitoring health status, detecting illnesses, fish stock conservation and development of artificial propagation methods via extender improvement. In this study, comparison of blood and seminal plasma ionic parameters in beluga, Huso huso (30–45 kg, 1–2 m, n = 10), was made. The results obtained show that Na+ (82.54 ± 5.46), Cl‐ (15.95 ± 0.72) and K+ (3.57 ± 0.15) were predominant ions in the seminal plasma (as mm). Blood ionic values (as mm) were determined for Na+ (110.2 ± 1.26), K+ (3.77 ± 0.081), Cl− (60.12 ± 1.5), Ca2+ (2.05 ± 0.35) and Mg2+ (1.9 ± 0.16). Results of the comparison between ionic parameters of seminal and blood plasma indicated that the concentrations of all parameters of blood plasma with the exception of K+ were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of seminal plasma.
Tooth length and incisal wear and growth in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) fed diets of different abrasiveness
Authors: Müller J. , Clauss M. , Codron D. , Schulz E. , Hummel J. , Kircher P. , Hatt J.‐M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryDental diseases are among the most important reasons for presenting guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and other rodents to veterinary clinics, but the aetiopathology of this disease complex is unclear. Clinicians tend to believe that the ever‐growing teeth of rabbits and rodents have a constant growth that needs to be worn down by the mastication of an appropriate diet. In this study, we tested the effect of four different pelleted diets of increasing abrasiveness [due to both internal (phytoliths) and external abrasives (sand)] or whole grass hay fed for 2 weeks each in random order to 16 guinea pigs on incisor growth and wear, and tooth length of incisors and cheek teeth. There was a positive correlation between wear and growth of incisors. Tooth lengths depended both on internal and external abrasives, but only upper incisors were additionally affected by the feeding of whole hay. Diet effects were most prominent in anterior cheek teeth, in particular M1 and m1. Cheek tooth angle did not become shallower with decreasing diet abrasiveness, suggesting that a lack of dietary abrasiveness does not cause the typical ‘bridge formation’ of anterior cheek teeth frequently observed in guinea pigs. The findings suggest that other factors than diet abrasiveness, such as mineral imbalances and in particular hereditary malocclusion, are more likely causes for dental problems observed in this species.