bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oxytocin on Women's Aggression Depend on State Anxiety
Authors: Campbell Anne , Hausmann Markus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResearch on oxytocin (OT) indicates that it has stress reducing effects. This leads to opposing predictions of decreased and increased aggression which we examine in this study. Following completion of a state anxiety measure and administration of OT or a placebo, female participants took part in a competitive aggression game (PSAP) for a monetary prize which, if won, would be paid to a loved one. In the game, three options were available: participants could earn points; attack their opponent by deducting points; and defend themselves against point deduction by their opponent. There was no main effect of OT on these responses, however there was an interaction with state anxiety. In the placebo condition, women higher in state anxiety showed a significantly higher ratio of Attack‐to‐Earn responses than low anxiety women. Under oxytocin, there was a significant reduction in their Attack:Earn ratio resulting in no significant difference between high and low state anxiety groups. There was a similar trend for the Defend:Earn ratio. The reduction of reactive aggression in state anxious women supports the view that OT may decrease negative behavior and increase constructive behavior even under conditions of provocation. Aggr. Behav. 39:316–322, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Anvil Alignment on Shearing Patterns in High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Huang Yi , Kawasaki Megumi , Langdon Terence G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA two‐phase duplex stainless steel was used as a model material in order to investigate the development of flow patterns when processing using high‐pressure torsion (HPT). The results show that double‐swirls are visible on the disc surfaces when processing with controlled amounts of anvil misalignment but not when the anvils are in an essentially perfect alignment. There are also shear vortices visible on the disc surfaces when processing with controlled amounts of misalignment but not when using perfect alignment. These results demonstrate the need for exercising significant care when processing discs by HPT. Prior to introducing torsional straining, it is important to ensure that the upper and lower anvils are in good alignment to within ≈25 µm.
High Temperature Deformation and Microstructural Features of TXA321 Magnesium Alloy: Correlations with Processing Map
Authors: Dharmendra Chalasani , Rao Kamineni Pitcheswara , Prasad Yellapregada Venkata Rama Krishna , Hort Norbert , Kainer Karl Ulrich 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe hot deformation of cast TXA321 alloy has been studied in the temperature range 300–500 °C and in the strain rate range 0.0003–10 s−1 by developing a processing map. The map exhibited four domains in the temperature and strain rate ranges: (1) 300–325 °C and 0.0003–0.001 s−1, (2) 325–430 °C and 0.001–0.04 s−1, (3) 430–500 °C and 0.01–0.5 s−1, and (4) 430–500 °C and 0.0003–0.002 s−1. The first three domains represent dynamic recrystallization, resulting in finer grain sizes in the first two domains and coarser in the third domain. In the fourth domain, the alloy exhibited grain boundary sliding resulting in intercrystalline cracking in tension and is not useful for its hot working. Two regimes of flow instability were identified at higher strain rates, one at temperatures <380 °C and the other at >480 °C.
Targeting Hepatic Cancer Cells with PEGylated Dendrimers Displaying N‐Acetylgalactosamine and SP94 Peptide Ligands
Authors: Medina Scott H. , Tiruchinapally Gopinath , Chevliakov Maxim V. , Durmaz Yasemin Yuksel , Stender Rachell N. , Ensminger William D. , Shewach Donna S. , ElSayed Mohamed E. H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPoly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are branched water‐soluble polymers defined by consecutive generation numbers (Gn) indicating a parallel increase in size, molecular weight, and number of surface groups available for conjugation of bioactive agents. In this article, we compare the biodistribution of N‐acetylgalactosamine (NAcGal)‐targeted [14C]1‐G5‐(NH2)5‐(Ac)108‐(NAcGal)14 particles to non‐targeted [14C]1‐G5‐(NH2)127 and PEGylated [14C]1‐G5‐(NH2)44‐(Ac)73‐(PEG)10 particles in a mouse hepatic cancer model. Results show that both NAcGal‐targeted and non‐targeted particles are rapidly cleared from the systemic circulation with high distribution to the liver. However, NAcGal‐targeted particles exhibited 2.5‐fold higher accumulation in tumor tissue compared to non‐targeted ones. In comparison, PEGylated particles showed a 16‐fold increase in plasma residence time and a 5‐fold reduction in liver accumulation. These results motivated us to engineer new PEGylated G5 particles with PEG chains anchored to the G5 surface via acid‐labile cis‐aconityl linkages where the free PEG tips are functionalized with NAcGal or SP94 peptide to investigate their potential as targeting ligands for hepatic cancer cells as a function of sugar conformation (α versus β), ligand concentration (100‐4000 nM), and incubation time (2 and 24 hours) compared to fluorescently (Fl)‐labeled and non‐targeted G5‐(Fl)6‐(NH2)122 and G5‐(Fl)6‐(Ac)107‐(cPEG)15 particles. Results show G5‐(Fl)6‐(Ac)107‐(cPEG[NAcGalβ])14 particles achieve faster uptake and higher intracellular concentrations in HepG2 cancer cells compared to other G5 particles while escaping the non‐specific adsorption of serum protein and phagocytosis by Kupffer cells, which make these particles the ideal carrier for selective drug delivery into hepatic cancer cells.
Partially crosslinked P(SMA‐DMA‐St) copolymer in situ modified RGB tricolor pigment particles for chromatic electrophoretic display
Authors: Qin Wenlong , Wu Gang , Yin Peipei , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRGB tricolor organic pigments were in situ modified by stearyl methacrylate‐2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐styrene random copolymer [P(SMA‐DMA‐St)] through solution polymerization. The modified particles were charged in tetrachloroethylene (TCE) with the aid of suitable charge control agent. The structure and electrophoretic property of ink particles were characterized by FTIR, TEM, PALS, et al. P(SMA‐DMA‐St) modification decreased the particles size and enhanced the suspending stability of the pigments in tetrachloroethylene due to the repulsive forces among the treated pigment particles resulting from the extending polyacrylate chain in the media. Partial crosslinking the P(SMA‐DMA‐St) on the pigment surface with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) helped to increase the Zeta potential and electrophoresis mobility of RGB electrophoretic particles. The maximum values of the Zeta potential for red, green, and blue electrophoretic particles reached −36.2, −57.7, and −42.7 mV, respectively. The obtained RGB electrophoretic particles could be applied in the color/white dual‐particle electronic ink together with charged TiO2 to show vivid color and white images under a DC electric field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Structures and morphologies of in situ polymerized blends of PMMA and ASA
Authors: Cocco Daniel Rotella , de Carvalho Fabiana Pires , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBlends of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, and the elastomer ASA, a graft copolymer based on poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐styrene) (SAN) and acrylic rubber, were prepared by in situ polymerization and characterized according to structural, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The polymerization conditions, such the presence or absence of a chain transfer agent, stirring and an inert atmosphere, influence the morphological and structural properties of the blends. In spite of the evidences of the partial miscibility between PMMA and SAN phase of the ASA, the blends are heterogeneous and present a complex morphology. The morphology of some PMMA‐ASA blends is made up of an elastomeric dispersed phase in a glassy matrix, with a possible inclusion of the matrix in the elastomeric domains. The selective extraction of the blend components and infrared spectroscopy showed that crosslinking and/or grafting reactions occur on ASA chains during MMA polymerization. The syndiotacticity of PMMA obtained in the presence of ASA increases with the amount of ASA, due to possible interactions between the carbonyl groups of PMMA and the nitrile or phenyl groups of the SAN copolymer. The mechanical properties of the blends were influenced by the compositions of the blends and mainly by the conditions of polymerization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Hierarchical Hollow Hydroxyapatite Microspheres: Microwave‐Assisted Rapid Synthesis by Using Pyridoxal‐5′‐Phosphate as a Phosphorus Source and Application in Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Yu , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Qi Chao , Chen Feng , Lu Bing‐Qiang , Zhao Jing , Wu Jin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) hydroxyapatite (HAP) hierarchical nanostructures, in particular hollow nanostructures, have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in many biomedical fields. Herein, we report a rapid microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis of a variety of hydroxyapatite hierarchical nanostructures that are constructed by the self‐assembly of nanorods or nanosheets as the building blocks, including HAP nanorod‐assembled hierarchical hollow microspheres (HA‐NRHMs), HAP nanorod‐assembled hierarchical microspheres (HA‐NRMs), and HAP nanosheet‐assembled hierarchical microspheres (HA‐NSMs) by using biocompatible biomolecule pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP) as a new organic phosphorus source. The PLP molecules hydrolyze to produce phosphate ions under microwave‐hydrothermal conditions, and the phosphate ions react with calcium ions to form HAP nanorods or nanosheets; then, these nanorods or nanosheets self‐assemble to form 3D HAP hierarchical nanostructures. The preparation method reported herein is time‐saving, with microwave heating times as short as 5 min. The HA‐NRHMs consist of HAP nanorods as the building units, with an average diameter of about 50 nm. The effects of the experimental conditions on the morphology and crystal phase of the products are investigated. The hydrolysis of PLP under microwave‐hydrothermal conditions and the important role of PLP in the formation of 3D HAP hierarchical nanostructures are investigated and a possible formation mechanism is proposed. The products are explored for potential applications in protein adsorption and drug delivery. Our experimental results indicate that the HA‐NRHMs have high drug/protein‐loading capacity and sustained drug‐release behavior. Thus, the as‐prepared HA‐NRHMs are promising for applications in drug delivery and protein adsorption.
Oberflächenschutzmaßnahmen am Reaktorgebäude (Sekundärabschirmung) eines Druckwasserreaktors
Authors: Engelfried R. , Paul G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn der Sichtoberfläche der Sekundärabschirmung des Reaktorgebäudes im Kernkraftwerk Philippsburg waren im Laufe der Zeit als Folge der Bedingungen im Freien Verwitterungserscheinungen aufgetreten. Des weiteren hatte sich durch mikrobiologischen Bewuchs ein fleckiger, visuell störender Zustand des Reaktorgebäudes eingestellt. Eine Diagnose der Betonrandzone ließ erkennen, daß der Korrosionsschutz der Bewehrung in Bereichen geringer Betondeckung für die geplante Restlaufzeit des Kraftwerkes möglicherweise nicht gesichert war. Dies war für den Betreiber Anlaß, ein Maßnahmenkonzept zu erstellen, dessen Umsetzung die Gewähr der Nutzung des Reaktorgebäudes für den langzeitig vorgesehenen Betrieb erbringen mußte. Die folgenden Ausführungen zeigen die einzelnen Schritte der Maßnahmenplanung, deren Durchführung sowie der ausführungsbegleitenden Kontrollen zur Sicherstellung der Qualitätsanforderungen.
Scherversuche an mit Epoxidharz befestigten Stahlplatten auf Beton unter Temperatureinfluß
Authors: Tadeu A. J. B. , Branco F. J. F. G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Verhalten von Betonproben behandelt, die mittels Epoxidharz mit Stahlplatten verleimt sind und gleichzeitig durch Temperaturerhöhung und Scherkräfte beansprucht werden. Verschiedene Arten von Beton wurden untersucht, um den Einfluß dieses Parameters auf das Verhalten der Proben zu erfassen. Es wurde ein Zwei‐Komponenten‐Epoxidharz mit dem Handelsnamen Sika Icosit K101‐AC benutzt. Der Stahltyp war bei allen Laborversuchen der gleiche. Die Versuche zeigen, daß Temperatur einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf den Haftwiderstand hat. Mit zunehmender Temperatur nimmt der Scherwiderstand ab. Bei 60 �C beträgt der Haftwiderstand ca. 50 % des Wertes bei 20 �C.
Isolated atrioventricular canal defects: Birth outcomes and risk factors: A population‐based hungarian case–control study, 1980–1996
Authors: Vereczkey Attila , Kósa Zsolt , Csáky‐Szunyogh Melinda , Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDThe role of possible environmental factors in the origin of congenital heart defects is unclear in the vast majority of patients. The objective of this study was to describe the birth outcomes and risk factors in isolated atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD) cases.METHODSMedically recorded birth outcomes, maternal age, parity, acute and chronic maternal diseases with related drug treatments and folic acid/multivitamin supplementation were evaluated in isolated AVCD cases. The diagnosis of AVCD was based on the autopsy report or surgical description in the population‐based Hungarian Case–Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, between 1980 and 1996.RESULTSThe birth outcomes and exposures of 77 isolated AVCD cases were compared with 38,151 controls without defect. Mean gestational age at delivery (38.6 week) and birth weight (2992 g), rate of preterm birth (20.8%) and low birthweight (23.4%) of cases with a female excess (59.7%) differed significantly from the controls. Mothers of cases had higher parity, higher prevalence of conduction disorders/cardiac dysrhythmias and chronic hypertension. The high doses of folic acid in early pregnancy associated with a reduced rate of AVCD.CONCLUSIONSConduction disorders/cardiac dysrhythmias and chronic hypertension of mothers may have a role in the origin of AVCD, while high doses of folic acid in early pregnancy may reduce the risk of the development of AVCD. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:217–224, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase I study of everolimus and mitomycin C for patients with metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Werner Dominique , Atmaca Akin , Pauligk Claudia , Pustowka Anette , Jäger Elke , Al‐Batran Salah‐Eddin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study aimed at determining the recommended dose of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus in combination with mitomycin C (MMC) in patients with previously treated metastatic esophagogastric cancer. In this phase I trial, patients received escalated doses of oral everolimus (5, 7.5, and 10 mg/day) in combination with intravenous MMC 5 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Endpoints were the dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), safety, and response rates. Tumor tissues were tested for HER2‐status and mutations in the PTEN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, and E‐cadherin type 1 genes. Sixteen patients (12 male, four female) with gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer were included. All patients were previously treated with a platinum‐based chemotherapy. Treatment cohorts were: 5 mg/day, three patients; 7.5 mg/day, three patients; and 10 mg/day, 10 patients. No DLTs occurred during dose escalation. Most frequent grade 3 toxicities were leukopenia (18.8%) and neutropenia (18.8%). All other grade 3 toxicities were below 10%. No grade 4 toxicities occurred. Three (18.8%) patients experienced partial responses and four patients had stable disease (SD). Antitumor activity according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)‐criteria was highest in the 10 mg/day cohort. No associations between HER2‐status or detected mutations and response were observed. The recommended dose of everolimus combined with MMC is 10 mg/day. Encouraging signs of antitumor activity were seen (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov; Clinical trial registration number: NCT01042782).
Design of Powder and Granular Laundry Detergents
Authors: Rähse Wilfried 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn den letzten fünfzig Jahren sind die pulverförmigen und granularen Waschmittel in der Leistung und in der Ökologie deutlich verbessert worden: viel konzentrierter (weniger Chemie), abbaubare Tenside, keine Phosphate, geringerer Wasser‐ und Energieverbrauch. Der Einsatz von optimierten Enzymen sowie von Bleichkraftverstärkern erlaubte das Absenken der Waschtemperaturen und die Beseitigung natürlicher Anschmutzungen. Die Herstellung fester Waschmittel erfolgt entweder in Sprühtürmen ohne und mit Kompaktierungsstufe oder in Non‐Tower‐Granulieranlagen. Die neueste Generation eines Granulationsprozesses mit integrierter Mahltrocknung ermöglicht die Produktion von kugelförmigen Partikeln, die einstellbar klein oder groß, leicht oder schwer sein können. Die weitere Rezepturentwicklung geht in Richtung Tieftemperatur‐Waschmittel.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Coumarin Derivatives via a Three‐component Reaction in Water
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Bi Jianhao , Su Weike 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of novel coumarin derivatives via a three‐component condensation of 4‐hydroxycoumarin, aldehydes and aromatic amines catalyzed by sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquid L‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐(4‐sulfobutyl)pyrrolidinium hydrogen sulfate ([HYSBPI]·HSO4) is reported. The condensed product was obtained with excellent yields in water under microwave irradiation condition. The antitumor activities of all the synthesized compounds were assessed on two different human cancer cell lines (A‐549 and MCF‐7), and the results showed that these compounds had weak‐to‐good antitumor activities and their IC50 ranged from 0.05 to more than 100 µmol·L−1.
Approach for the Direct Synthesis of β‐Dichlorosubstituted Acetanilides Using Iodine Trichloride (ICl3) as the Oxidant and Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Qing , Liu Weibing , Chen Cui , Tan Liquan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA reliable method for direct synthesis of β‐dichlorosubstituted acetanilides is reported. The key transformation involves the oxidative and catalytic cleavage of a carbon‐carbon bond in the presence of iodine trichloride (ICl3). In this protocol ICl3 is used not only as the catalyst but also as the oxidant which widely broadens the scope of its application in organic synthetic chemistry.
Directly Regioselective Protection of Secondary Hydroxyl Group on Ribosides in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xu Ruigang , Liu Fei , Liu Yingju , Chen Beiqing , Liu Feng‐Wu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSelective benzoylation of secondary hydroxyl on sugar moiety of various ribosides including N‐ribosides, O‐ribosides and 2′‐deoxy‐N‐riboside was investigated by using benzoyl chloride and Na2CO3 in aqueous CH3CN. The influence of the aglycone and sugar moiety on the selectivity of benzoylation was discussed as well. A most efficient method for preparation of 2′,3′‐O‐dibenzoylnucleosides was developed.
Synthesis, Structure and Coordination Self‐Assembly of Azacalix[4‐n]pyridine[n]pyrazines (n=1–3)
Authors: Wu Jincheng , Zhao Liang , Wang Dexian , Wang Meixiang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe herein report the synthesis and metal‐directed coordination self‐assembly behaviors of three new macrocyclic azacalix[4]aromatics that comprise various numbers of pyridine and pyrazine rings bridged by N‐CH3 groups. Structural characterization of 1–3 explored that their conformations are fluxional in solution and each adopts a 1,3‐alternate configuration in crystalline solids. The macrocyclic skeletons in azacalixaromatic 1–3 afford a good platform to designedly arrange coordination sites in a unique way relative to conventional multidentate ligands. Solid‐state structures of three coordination self‐assembled silver complexes (13–15) of 1–3 determined by X‐ray crystallography suggest that the nitrogen atoms on procumbent aromatics have better coordination ability than those on perpendicular aromatics and dictate the whole coordination self‐assemblies. Unique discrete and 1D chain‐like structures were thus obtained. This system may afford a deeper insight into the coordination self‐assembly studies of heteroatom‐bridged calixaromatics, possibly extending potential application of this novel macrocyclic polydentate organic compounds in the synthesis of functional metal organic framework formation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Novel Axially Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine N,N′‐Dioxides Bearing α‐Amino Acid Residues and Their Applications in Enantioselective Allylation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilane
Authors: Zhao Hongwu , Yue Yuanyuan , Li Hailong , Sheng Zhihui , Yang Zhao , Meng Wei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of novel axially chiral 2,2′‐bipyridine N,N′‐dioxides bearing C1 or C2‐symmetry have been synthesized by the use of enantiopure α‐amino acids as chiral sources. The absolute stereochemistry of the axial chirality of these organocatalysts has been clearly assigned by means of CD measurements together with literature protocols. The reactivities and enantioselectivities of these organocatalysts have been examined in the reactions of aromatic aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilane, thus providing the desired products with moderate yields and enantioselectivies.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Arylidene Bis(3‐arylaminoacrylates) via One‐pot Domino Reactions
Authors: Liu Zhenming , Zhang Lili , Sun Jing , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe functionalized arylidene bis(3‐arylaminoacrylates) were efficiently prepared by FeCl3 catalyzed one‐pot domino reactions of primary amines, methyl propiolate and aromatic aldehydes. When isatins were utilized under similar conditions, only 2‐oxoindolinyl 3‐arylaminoacrylates were obtained in moderate yields. 1H NMR data and single crystal structures indicated that this reaction has high diastereoselectivity.
A Holistic Perspective on Corporate Sustainability Drivers
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSince company boards are increasingly discussing ‘sustainability’, it becomes necessary to examine the nature of sustainability drivers. Most approaches to corporate sustainability drivers have focused either on internal or external drivers. This paper is aimed at providing a more holistic perspective on the different corporate sustainability drivers in order to better catalyse change from the unsustainable status quo to a more sustainable‐oriented state. Empirical data was collected from experts and company leaders. The findings show that, internally, leadership and the business case are the most important drivers, whilst the most important external drivers are reputation, customer demands and expectations, and regulation and legislation. The paper proposes a corporate sustainability driver model, which considers both internal and external drivers, and complements these with drivers that connect them. This offers a holistic perspective on how companies can be more proactive in their journey to becoming more sustainability orientated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment