bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esthetic, Functional and Psychological Management of Ectodermal Dysplasia using a Full Mouth Rehabilitation Approach
Authors: Shetty Omkar , Chablani Amit Anand 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTCongenital and developmental disorders often pose a challenge to the rehabilitation of patients with not only severe dental destruction but also significant psychological trauma. Patient care in such cases often forms a different genre of therapy as it requires special attention and meticulous care by the rehabilitating dentist. The remarkable impact of successful treatment in these cases not only far exceeds the dentofacial benefits but also provides profound psychosocial recuperation to these young patients. The literature has demonstrated the benefits that corrective prosthodontics has for the self-esteem and social well-being of these patients. This case report highlights the intricacies of one such full mouth rehabilitation of a young patient with ectodermal dysplasia using an interdisciplinary approach.How to cite this articleChablani AA, Ram SM, Shetty O. Esthetic, Functional and Psychological Management of Ectodermal Dysplasia using a Full Mouth Rehabilitation Approach. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(2):92-97.
Éduquer au développement durable ou enseigner le développement durable en histoire-géographie : enjeux sociopolitiques et discipline scolaire
Authors: Tutiaux-Guillon Nicole 
Published: September 2013

Le « développement durable » (DD) est depuis 2004 en France l’objet d’une « éducation à » transdisciplinaire et obligatoire ; il est aussi thème structurant le programme de 5edepuis 2008, et figure dans d’autres programmes. Ces prescriptions sont inégalement convergentes et se heurtent aux structures des disciplines constituées, en même temps qu’à l’absence de savoirs de référence stabilisés. Comment la dimension éducative (comportements, valeurs) est-elle articulée sur les contenus disciplinaires ? Qu’en est-il de la place faite aux enjeux politiques du DD ? L’éducation au DD est-elle « disciplinarisée », aux dépens des dimensions éducatives explicites, ou au contraire modifie-t-elle le modèle disciplinaire de l’histoire-géographie ? Une recherche empirique apporte des réponses provisoires. Les formes de travail choisies par les enseignants oscillent entre pratique disciplinaire classique et essais de trans/pluridisciplinarité, entre incitation au questionnement et à la réflexion et transmission de savoirs factuels et impartiaux, entrecomplexité et simplification. Le changement de comportement est toujours supposé résulter des savoirs – parfois des actions pédagogiques. Les manuels reflètent les mêmes hésitations et se situent entre neutralisation/disciplinarisation des questions de DD et explicitation des débats et des conflits/posture implicante. La dimension éducative et surtout la question du politique divisent fortement les enseignants.
Les aîné-es trans : une population émergente ayant des besoins spécifiques en soins de santé, en services sociaux et en soins liés au vieillissement
Authors: Hébert Billy , Chamberland Line , Enriquez Mickael Chacha 
Published: September 2013

Les aîné-es trans sont une population en devenir constituée d’individus aux identités, réalités et trajectoires très diversifiées. Cet article basé sur une recension des écrits, présente tout d’abord cette diversité, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’âge, tant à l’appartenance générationnelle qu’à l’âge du début de la transition. On y traite ensuite de la santé physique des aîné-es trans, soit des problèmes et des besoins de santé qui leur sont propres, puis des barrières auxquelles ils et elles se heurtent dans leurs démarches pour avoir accès à des soins et des services de santé adéquats. Le texte relève certaines difficultés comme l’isolement et le manque de soutien qui sont souvent le lot des aînés trans ainsi que les obstacles dans leur accès aux services sociaux et aux soins liés au vieillissement. L’article propose des pistes d’action pour les personnes professionnelles dans le domaine de la santé et des services sociaux et se conclut sur des pistes de recherche.
L’expérience du vieillissement chez des femmes et des hommes vivant avec le VIH : un vécu à l’intersection du genre, de l’orientation sexuelle et du parcours relié au VIH
Authors: Wallach Isabelle 
Published: September 2013

Les personnes vivant avec le VIH sont considérées comme « âgées » dès l’âge de 50 ans en raison du vieillissement physique prématuré qu’elles subissent. Compte tenu de l’âgisme qui prévaut dans les sociétés occidentales, on peut se demander comment les personnes vivant avec le VIH de 50 ans et plus (PVVIH50+) perçoivent leur vieillissement physique. S’appuyant sur des entrevues réalisées avec 38 PVVIH50+, cet article se propose d’explorer leur expérience du vieillissement à travers trois dimensions, à savoir le vieillissement physique, le sentiment de vieillir et le rapport au vieillissement. L’analyse des données révèle que le vieillissement revêt à la fois un caractère négatif et positif pour les PVVIH50+. Si, comme la population générale, elles tentent de s’en distancier et peinent parfois à l’accepter, le parcours relié au VIH peut en revanche teinter le vieillissement d’une valeur positive, puisque vieillir signifie être encore en vie.
Suspension Polymerization Processes
Authors: Pinto Martina C. C. , Santos Jorge G. F. , Machado Fabricio , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Several processes can be employed for manufacturing of polymer materials. Each process presents some intrinsic features that lead to production of resins with peculiar structural and morphological characteristics that define the final polymer properties and the end‐use application of the obtained polymer material. Suspension polymerization processes are extensively used because of their many advantages, including easy separation of the polymer particles, easy removal of the heat of reaction, easy temperature control, and low levels of impurities and additives in the final polymer resin. For this reason, suspension polymerization processes are suitable for production of polymer resins intended for many distinct applications, including biotechnological, medical, and dental applications.
The main objective of this article is to discuss the fundamental aspects of suspension polymerization processes, focusing upon the effects of the main process variables on the performance of suspension polymerizations. Representative types of suspension polymerization (eg, pearl, precipitation, suspension‐emulsion, reverse, microsuspension, and seeded polymerizations), copolymerization, determination of reactivity ratios, and typical operation conditions practiced in commercial processes are also discussed.
Sustainable Polymers from Biomass‐Derived α‐Methylene‐γ‐Butyrolactones
Authors: Gowda Ravikumar R. , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSustainable polymers based on the biomass‐derived renewable α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones, including α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone, γ‐methyl‐α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone, and β‐methyl‐α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone, are reviewed. Polymerization methods employed for the synthesis of such polymers are classified into four different categories according to polymerization types or mechanisms: free radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, group‐transfer and anionic polymerization, and zwitterionic polymerization. In addition to synthetic methods, polymer properties, polymerization characteristics, as well as polymerization and stereochemical control mechanisms are also described.
Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives through Rhodium(III)‐ Catalyzed Reactions of Benzylamines with Non‐Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Kim Dong‐Su , Park Jung‐Woo , Jun Chul‐Ho 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA new rhodium(III)‐catalyzed N‐annulation reaction of benzylamines with internal alkynes has been developed. Observations made during these efforts suggest that the mechanistic pathway followed in this process involves direct participation of benzylamines without their preliminary oxidative dehydrogenation. Moreover, N‐annulation reactions of primary benzylamines result in the formation of mixtures of isoquinolines and 8‐vinylisoquinolines. Finally, secondary and tertiary benzylamines undergo rhodium(III)‐catalyzed N‐annulation reactions to generate the respective isoquinolinium and hydroisoquinolinium salt products.magnified image
One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis and Solid State Structures of Functionally Rich Polyether Macrocycles
Authors: Vishe Mahesh , Hrdina Radim , Guénée Laure , Besnard Céline , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDensely functionalized polyether macrocycles can be prepared in one pot in yields up to 60% by the rhodium(II)‐catalyzed decomposition of methyl diazoacetoacetate in the presence of a variety of substituted or unsaturated 5‐ and 6‐membered ring cyclic ethers. A comprehensive analysis of the solid state conformations of the macrocyclic geometries is detailed as well as novel mechanistic insights about the multi‐component condensation reaction.magnified image
Energy allocation between brain and body during ontogenetic development
Authors: Kubera Britta , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Peters Achim , Braun Wiebke , Langemann Dirk , Neugebohren Stephanie , Heller Martin , Müller Manfred James 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveWe here studied how energy is allocated between brain and body both during the ontogenetic development from a child to an adult and during weight loss.MethodsWe investigated 180 normal weight female and male children and adolescents (aged 6.1–19.9 years) as well as 35 overweight adolescents undergoing weight reduction intervention. 52 normal weight and 42 obese adult women were used for comparison. We assessed brain mass by magnetic‐resonance‐imaging and body metabolism by indirect calorimetry. To study how energy is allocated between brain and body, we measured plasma insulin, since insulin fulfils the functions of a glucose allocating hormone, i.e., peripheral glucose uptake depends on insulin, central uptake does not. We used reference data obtained in the field of comparative biology. In a brain‐body‐plot, we calculated the distance between each subject and a reference mammal of comparable size and named the distance “encephalic measure.” With higher encephalic measures, more energy is allocated to the brain.ResultsWe found that ontogenetic development from a child to an adult was indicated by decreasing encephalic measures in females (r = −0.729, P < 0.001) and increasing plasma insulin concentrations (F = 6.6, P = 0.002 in females and F = 8.6, P < 0.001 in males). Weight loss of about 5 kg in females and about 9 kg in males resulted in reduced insulin concentrations and increased encephalic measures.ConclusionOur results indicate that the share of energy allocated to the brain increased with weight loss, but decreased during the ontogenetic development from childhood to adolescence. These developmental changes in brain‐to‐body energy allocation appear to be driven by increasing plasma insulin concentrations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:725–732, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apes finding ants: Predator–prey dynamics in a chimpanzee habitat in Nigeria
Authors: Pascual‐Garrido Alejandra , Umaru Buba , Allon Oliver , Sommer Volker 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSome chimpanzee populations prey upon army ants, usually with stick tools. However, how their prey's subterranean nesting and nomadic lifestyle influence the apes' harvesting success is still poorly understood. This is particularly true for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) at Gashaka/Nigeria, which consume army ants (Dorylus rubellus) with much higher frequency than at other sites. We assessed various harvesting and search options theoretically available to the apes. For this, we reconstructed annual consumption patterns from feces and compared the physical characteristics of exploited ant nests with those that were not targeted. Repeated exploitation of a discovered nest is viable only in the short term, as disturbed colonies soon moved to a new site. Moreover, monitoring previously occupied nest cavities is uneconomical, as ants hardly ever re‐used them. Thus, the apes have to detect new nests regularly, although colony density is relatively low (1 colony/1.3 ha). Surprisingly, visual search cues seem to be of limited importance because the probability of a nest being exploited was independent of its conspicuousness (presence of excavated soil piles, concealing leaf‐litter or vegetation). However, chimpanzees preferentially targeted nests in forests or at the base of food trees, that is, where the apes spend relatively more time and/or where ant colony density is highest. Taken together, our findings suggest that, instead of employing a search strategy based on visual cues or spatial memory, chimpanzee predation on army ants contains a considerable opportunistic element. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1231–1244, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rheological assessment of variable molecular chain structures of linear low‐density polyethylene under reactive modification
Authors: Golriz Mahdi , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Morshedian Jalil 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate how changes in the molecular structure of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) during peroxide modification can be detected by a simple rheological method. For this purpose, a commercial‐grade LLDPE (Exxon Mobile LL4004EL) was reacted with different doses of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The samples were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography coupled with a light‐scattering detector. With increasing DCP dose, at a roughly constant molar mass, an increasing number of long‐chain branches were found. The dynamic shear oscillatory measurements showed a deviation of the phase angle–complex shear modulus curve from that of the linear LLDPE, which was attributed to the presence of long‐chain branching. By the use of a simple rheological method that used melt rheology, transformations in the molecular architecture induced on the original LLDPE during the early stages of reactive modification were indicated. Reasonable and consistent estimates of the degree of long‐chain branching (x) and the volume fraction of the various molecular species produced in the peroxide modification of LLDPE were obtained. Various three‐dimensional plots were constructed to exhibit the correlation between the process parameters and x. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39617.
In situ WAXS/SAXS structural evolution study during uniaxial stretching of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites in the solid state: Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/titanium dioxide and poly(ethylene terephthalate)/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Todorov Lyudmil V. , Martins Carla I. , Viana Júlio C. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis work reports an in situ WAXS and SAXS investigation, under X‐ray synchrotron source radiation, on the structural evolution during solid‐state uniaxial deformation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanocomposites with 0.3 wt % of 3D nanoparticles [nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2) and nanosilica (SiO2)]. Good dispersion and average agglomerate sizes of nanoparticles of about 80 nm for both nanocomposites were revealed by transmission electron microscopic characterization. The influence of the nanofillers on the deformation‐induced phase's formation and their evolution along the stretching process were compared with respect to the neat PET. WAXS results indicated that the structural evolution of all samples passes through three main stages, with evolution of amorphous phase into mesophase, a rapid increase of molecular orientation, and the formation of a periodical mesophase (PM). The incorporation of the nanofillers promoted a higher fraction, and an earlier formation, of PM during stretching when compared with pure PET. Furthermore, the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the PET matrix resulted in the earliest formation and the highest amount of PM and the retardation of crack growth and bigger voids when compared with PET/SiO2 nanocomposite. A multiscale structural evolution mechanism is proposed to interpret these results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39752.
Brief Report: M‐Ficolin Levels Reflect Disease Activity and Predict Remission in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ammitzbøll Christian G. , Thiel Steffen , Jensenius Jens C. , Ellingsen Torkell , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Hetland Merete L. , Junker Peter , Krogh Niels S. , Østergaard Mikkel , Stengaard‐Pedersen Kristian 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo assess plasma M‐ficolin concentrations in disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)–naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to investigate the correlation of M‐ficolin concentrations with disease activity markers, and to determine the predictive value of M‐ficolin with respect to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28).MethodsThe study group included 180 DMARD‐naive patients with early RA who participated in a randomized controlled trial of methotrexate and intraarticular glucocorticoids plus either adalimumab or placebo/adalimumab. One hundred healthy control subjects and 51 patients with chronic RA were also assessed. A sandwich‐type time‐resolved fluorometric immunoassay was used for quantification of plasma M‐ficolin.ResultsAt baseline, M‐ficolin levels were highest in the group of DMARD‐naive patients with newly diagnosed active RA, and the level in these patients decreased 26% after 1 year of aggressive treatment. The baseline M‐ficolin level correlated with 5 of 7 disease activity markers, including the DAS28 and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and a similar pattern of correlations was observed at 1 year. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that an elevated M‐ficolin level at baseline was the strongest predictor of not achieving either DAS28 remission (odds ratio [OR] 4.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.02–8.63) or low disease activity (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.13–5.28) at 1 year. The presence of a baseline M‐ficolin level in the lowest quartile resulted in sensitivity of 29%, specificity of 93%, and positive predictive value of 95% for low disease activity at 1 year.ConclusionIn patients with early RA, elevated plasma M‐ficolin levels correlated with a high DAS28 and a high HAQ score at baseline and 1 year. A low M‐ficolin level was the strongest predictor of remission and low disease activity in a multivariate analysis.
Induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells by remote exposure of resistive barrier cold plasma
Authors: Thiyagarajan Magesh , Anderson Heather , Gonzales Xavier F. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTCold atmospheric plasma (CAP), an ambient temperature ionized gas, is gaining extensive interest as a promising addition to anti‐tumor therapy primarily due to the ability to generate and control delivery of electrons, ions, excited molecules, UV photons, and reactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to a specific site. The heterogeneous composition of CAP offers the opportunity to mediate several signaling pathways that regulate tumor cells. Consequently, the array of CAP generated products has limited the identification of the mechanisms of action on tumor cells. The aim of this work is to assess the cell death response of human myeloid leukemia cells by remote exposure to CAP generated RNS by utilizing a novel resistive barrier discharge system that primarily produces RNS. The effect of variable treatments of CAP generated RNS was tested in THP‐1 cell (human monocytic leukemia cell line), a model for hematological malignancy. The number of viable cells was evaluated with erythrosine‐B staining, while apoptosis and necrosis was assessed by endonuclease cleavage observed by agarose gel electrophoresis and detection of cells with the exclusionary dye propidium iodide and fluorescently labeled annexin‐V by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Our observations indicate that treatment dosage levels of 45 s of exposure to CAP emitted RNS‐induced apoptotic cell death and for higher dosage conditions of ≥50 s of exposure to CAP induced necrosis. Overall the results suggest that CAP emitted RNS play a significant role in the anti‐tumor potential of CAP. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 565–574. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unbiased Tracking of the Progression of mRNA and Protein Synthesis in Bulk and in Liposome‐Confined Reactions
Authors: van Nies Pauline , Nourian Zohreh , Kok Maurits , van Wijk Roeland , Moeskops Jonne , Westerlaken Ilja , Poolman Jos M. , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H. , Kuruma Yutetsu , Ueda Takuya , Danelon Christophe 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe compartmentalization of a cell‐free gene expression system inside a self‐assembled lipid vesicle is envisioned as the simplest chassis for the construction of a minimal cell. Although crucial for its realization, quantitative understanding of the dynamics of gene expression in bulk and liposome‐confined reactions is scarce. Here, we used two orthogonal fluorescence labeling tools to report the amounts of mRNA and protein produced in a reconstituted biosynthesis system, simultaneously and in real‐time. The Spinach RNA aptamer and its fluorogenic probe were used for mRNA detection. Applying this dual‐reporter assay to the analysis of transcript and protein production inside lipid vesicles revealed that their levels are uncorrelated, most probably a consequence of the low copy‐number of some components in liposome‐confined reactions. We believe that the stochastic nature of gene expression should be appreciated as a design principle for the assembly of a minimal cell.
Improved Stereochemical Analysis of Conformationally Flexible Diamines by Binding to a Bisporphyrin Molecular Clip
Authors: Norrehed Sara , Johansson Henrik , Grennberg Helena , Gogoll Adolf 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe relative stereochemistry of acyclic diamines with several stereogenic centers has been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy in combination with conformational deconvolution. Binding to a bisporphyrin molecular clip improves the stereochemical assignment significantly. The diamines were synthesized from inexpensive sugar alcohols, and their stable hydrochlorides were quantitatively converted into free bases by treatment with ion‐exchange resin.
A Convenient Alumination of Functionalized Aromatics by Using the Frustrated Lewis Pair Et3Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl
Authors: Unsinn Andreas , Wunderlich Stefan H. , Jana Anukul , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA straightforward and efficient alumination of functionalized arenes by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl) has been developed. In particular, halogenated electron‐rich aromatics can be smoothly functionalized by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Compared with previously described alumination methods, this procedure avoids extensive cooling and the need for an excess of base. This in situ procedure has proven to be most practical and allows for regio‐ and chemoselective metalation of a wide range of aromatics with sensitive functional groups (CONEt2, CO2Me, CN, OCONMe2) or halogens (F, Cl, Br, I). The resulting aromatic aluminates, which were characterized by using NMR spectroscopy, were subjected to allylations, acylations, and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions after transmetalation to zinc. It was shown that the nature of the Zn salt used for transmetalation is crucial. Thus, compared with ZnCl2 (2 equiv), the use of Zn(OPiv)2 (2 equiv; OPiv=pivalate) allows the subsequent quenching reactions to be performed with only a slight excess of electrophile (1.2 equiv) and provides interesting functionalized aromatics in good yields.