bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delay the progression of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis: Fraxin targets ferroptosis via the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Ye Fang‐Chen , Sun Tao , Liu Fei‐Jun , Wu Ming‐Jian , Zheng Wen‐Hao , Wu Ling‐Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) commonly accelerates bone loss, increasing the risk of fractures and osteonecrosis more significantly than traditional menopausal osteoporosis. The extracellular environment influenced by glucocorticoids heightens fracture and osteonecrosis risks. Fraxin (Fra), a key component of the traditional Chinese herbal remedy Cortex Fraxini, is known for its wide‐ranging pharmacological effects, but its impact on GIOP remains unexplored. This investigation aims to delineate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Fra in combating dexamethasone (Dex)‐induced ferroptosis and GIOP. We established a mouse model of GIOP via intraperitoneal injections of Dex and cultured osteoblasts with Dex treatment for in vitro analysis. We evaluated the impact of Fra on Dex‐treated osteoblasts through assays such as C11‐BODIPY and FerroOrange staining, mitochondrial functionality tests, and protein expression analyses via Western blot and immunofluorescence. The influence of Fra on bone microarchitecture of GIOP in mice was assessed using microcomputerized tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, double‐labeling with Calcein–Alizarin Red S, and immunohistochemistry at imaging and histological levels. Based on our data, Fra prevented Dex‐induced ferroptosis and bone loss. In vitro, glutathione levels increased and malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species decreased. Fra treatment also increases nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and COL1A1 expression and promotes bone formation. To delve deeper into the mechanism, the findings revealed that Fra triggered the activation of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling. Moreover, the use of siRNA‐Nrf2 blocked the beneficial effect of Fra in osteoblasts cultivated with Dex. Fra effectively combats GIOP by activating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway to inhibit ferroptosis.
Thermomagnetic Models for the Improved Rosen–Morse Oscillator
Authors: Ahmed A. D. , Eyube E. S. , Najoji S. D. , Tanko P. U. , Onate C. A. , Omugbe E. , Mohammed B. D. , Makasson C. R. , Mshelia E. H. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis study solves the radial Schrödinger wave equation (RSWE) with the improved Rosen–Morse (IRM) potential constrained by an electromagnetic field. Energy eigenvalues are derived using the parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method and Pekeris approximation. The internal partition function, isobaric molar heat capacity formula, and magnetization model are then deduced from the equation governing pure vibrational energy states. These analytical models are applied to several pure substances, specifically Br2 (X 1Σg+), BrF (X 1Σ+), ICl (X 1Σg+), and P2 (X 1Σg+) molecules. Numerical approximations of the energy eigenvalues for these molecules closely match their exact values. The isobaric molar heat capacity expression yields mean percentage absolute deviations of 1.6585%, 0.9162%, 1.2193%, and 0.7232% when compared against experimental data for Br2 (X 1Σg+), BrF (X 1Σ+), ICl (X 1Σg+), and P2 (X 1Σg+), respectively. These results align well with other heat capacity models in existing literature.
Double burden of malnutrition in 115 Latin American cities: An ecological analysis
Authors: Mazariegos Mónica , Sánchez Brisa N. , Ortigoza Ana , Moore Kari , Kroker‐Lobos María F. , Ramírez‐Zea Manuel , Sarmiento Olga L. , Miranda J. Jaime , Pérez‐Ferrer Carolina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundUsing harmonized aggregated data on health and socioeconomic environments in Latin American cities (from the Salud Urbana en América Latina (SALURBAL) study), we assessed the association of city‐level contextual factors with the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in urban settings.MethodsThis ecological study used aggregated survey data from 115 Latin American cities within five countries (Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru) collected between 2008 and 2016. DBM was defined as the coexistence of stunting in children under 5 years and overweight/obesity among adult women at the city‐level. We ran ordinal logistic regression models to examine macrolevel contextual factors that might explain the city‐level DBM. Independent variables were city‐level socioeconomic development index, women educational attainment and women labor force.ResultsOut of 115 Latin American cities, 19 cities from five countries were experiencing a moderate to high burden of stunting and simultaneously a very high burden of overweight/obesity in adult women. All cities had overweight/obesity prevalence above 40%. A poor social environment, higher levels of women education and greater women labor force at the city level were associated with greater levels of DBM.ConclusionSome Latin American cities are still facing moderate and high DBM, while all cities are experiencing an alarming high burden of overweight/obesity. Social macro‐level factors such as poor social environment, high women education and high women labor force were associated with the coexistence of stunting in children and overweight/obesity in adult women.
Identifying pollinator‐friendly sites within urban green spaces for sustainable urban agriculture
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Jung Chuleui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe relentless urban expansion has led to the depletion of forests and agricultural lands. Yet, pinpointing viable zones for urban agriculture, particularly concerning pollinator presence, remains a formidable task for city planners.Materials and MethodsOur study introduces a novel methodology to identify optimal locations for cultivating pollinator‐dependent crops. Leveraging species distribution models (SDMs), we generated habitat suitability maps for 243 pollinating insects, including bees (41 species), butterflies (140 species), and hoverflies (62 species) across South Korea. Subsequently, employing Graphab 2.8 software, we categorised 10 major cities in South Korea based on the connectivity of green space patches. Clusters exhibiting greater green space coverage, size, and connectivity displayed higher modularity values. Utilising ArcGIS software's zonal function, we computed key statistical parameters—minimum, maximum, mean, and sum values—of the pollinator taxa maps within each cluster.ResultsOur analysis unveiled a robust positive correlation between cluster modularity and the cumulative distribution of pollinators. Regions with heightened modularity exhibited richer pollinator populations, suggesting their suitability for urban agriculture for pollinator‐dependent crops.ConclusionThis study proposes that employing graph theory‐based clustering of urban green spaces can effectively delineate areas conducive to urban agriculture. This strategic identification of green space clusters with optimal pollinator abundance holds promise for urban agricultural planning and sustainability initiatives.
Nano‐Enhanced Water Purification: Uncovering the Dye Adsorption Efficiency of Ni‐Zn‐S@Cyclodextrine Nanomaterial
Authors: Sajid Md. , Sharma Atul , Shukla Sneha , Khan Adiba , Ali Chaudhry Saif 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the synthesis of a hybrid nanomaterial, denoted as Ni‐Zn−S@Cyclodextrine, through a cost‐effective and easy co‐precipitation method. The resulting nanomaterial has been thoroughly characterized and applied for the adsorptive removal of Crystal violet and Congo red dyes from their solutions. The study delves into the thermodynamics and kinetics of the sorption process, as well as helps to propose adsorption mechanism for both the dyes onto the Ni‐Zn−S@Cyclodextrine surface. A comprehensive analysis, encompassing techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, SEM‐EDX, TEM, TGA, Zeta potential, and XPS, have been conducted to explore the structural and morphological attributes of the prepared nanomaterial. Furthermore, key sorption parameters, including adsorbent's dosage, temperature, contact time, and solution pH, have been systematically optimized to achieve maximum efficiency. The TEM images of prepared nanomaterial indicated the particle size ranging between 60–80 nm. Moreover, it exhibited a strong affinity for both the dyes, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 138.20 mgg−1 for Congo red and 129.95 mgg−1 for Crystal violet dyes at 303 K. The thermodynamics of the adsorption process indicated an endothermic and spontaneous nature. Isotherm studies revealed that the data best aligned with the Freundlich isotherm, while the kinetics of the reaction adhered to a pseudo‐second order within the investigated temperature range.
Enzymatic Insitu Crosslinking Can Improve Hydrogel Stability While Maintaining Matrix Stiffness
Authors: Kuth Sonja , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNext to the choice of a material, the crosslinking characteristics play an important role in the development of hydrogels for applications in the biomedical field. By decreasing crosslinking time or concentration one can reduce the density of the network and hence the stiffness of the hydrogel. However, at the same time in many cases the stability of the matrix is significantly reduced, leading to a rapidly degrading hydrogel structure. In this study, we evaluate and compare two different crosslinking methods while maintaining the material chemistry. The hydrogel system evaluated consisted of oxidized hyaluronic acid and gelatin, and it was crosslinked with microbial transglutaminase. We found that by in situ crosslinking (CL) instead of post CL we can significantly increase the stability of the hydrogel while maintaining the matrix stiffness. Encapsulated embryonic mouse fibroblasts showed an increased viability in in situ crosslinked samples. These findings indicate that it is possible to change hydrogel parameters independently, even if they are otherwise interrelated.
Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Aryl Benzotriazole 3‐Oxides
Authors: Desai Bhargav , Bharodiya Akshay , Koppolu Mani Kanta , Bhukya Hussain , Dholakiya Bharatkumar , Naveen Togati 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we present a copper‐catalyzed rapid and efficient method for cross‐coupling of N‐hydroxy benzotriazole with boronic acids under microwave irradiation for the synthesis of 1‐aryl benzotriazole 3‐oxides. This protocol tolerates a wide range of substituted boronic acids to provide the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. The features of this strategy include a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, short reaction time, and good to excellent yields.
Investigation of the Effect of Alloying Element Equilibrium Relationship on the Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Properties of Nano FeNi Magnetic Particles
Authors: Xu Wenqi , Li Hongyang , Li Hong , Shen Zhenfeng , Zeng Shentao , Yang Feng , Cai Qing , Wang Ran , Guo Jiayou , Luo Cui , Liu Ying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn order to effectively comprehend the impact of alloying element equilibrium relationship of binary nano‐magnetic particles on their electromagnetic wave absorption performance, four sets of binary nano FeNi magnetic particles with Fe:Ni alloy ratios of 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, and 8:2 were prepared with liquid‐phase reduction and the microstructure, static magnetic properties, and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the particles were studied. The results show that the nano FeNi magnetic particles exhibit a spherical geometric structure, with a decrease in crystallinity as the Fe:Ni alloy ratio increases. The remanence and coercivity initially increase and then decrease with the increased Fe:Ni alloy ratio, with a 270 % decrease in saturation magnetization intensity as the alloy ratio changes from 2:8 to 8:2. With the increase in the Fe:Ni alloy ratio, the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity exhibit a decreasing trend, while the real part of the magnetic permeability decreases with increasing frequency. Aside from the 8:2 Fe:Ni alloy ratio, significant polarization relaxation losses were observed in the prepared magnetic particles, with eddy current losses was not the main mechanism of magnetic losses. The attenuation constant shows a peak at high frequencies, and the impedance matching performance increases with the increase in the Fe:Ni alloy ratio. When the Fe:Ni alloy ratio changes from 2:8 to 8:2, the minimum reflection loss decreased by 3340 %, and at a thickness of 2.1 mm and a frequency of 12 GHz, the FeNi alloy particles with a ratio of 2:8 exhibited a minimum reflection loss of −17.2 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth of 1.92 GHz.
Harvesting Magneto‐Acoustic Waves Using Magnetic 2D Chromium Telluride (CrTe3)
Authors: Chowde Gowda Chinmayee , Kartsev Alexey , Tiwari Nishant , Sarkar Suman , Alexander Safronov A. , Chaudhary Varun , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA vast majority of electrical devices have integrated magnetic units, which generate constant magnetic fields with noticeable vibrations. The majority of existing nanogenerators acquire energy through friction/mechanical forces and most of these instances overlook acoustic vibrations and magnetic fields. Magnetic two‐dimensional (2D) tellurides present a wide range of possibilities for devising a potential flexible energy harvester. 2D chromium telluride (2D CrTe3) is synthesized, which exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with a higher T
c of ≈224 K. The structure exhibits stable high remnant magnetization, making 2D CrTe3 a potential material for harvesting magneto‐acoustic waves. A magneto‐acoustic nanogenerator (MANG) is fabricated and the basic mechanical stability and sensitivity of the device with change in load conditions are tested. A high surface charge density of 2.919 mC m−2 is obtained for the device. The thermal strain created in the lattice structure is examined using in‐situ Raman spectroscopy. The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) responsible for long‐range FM ordering is calculated by theoretical modelling with insights into opening of electronic bandgap which enhances the flexoelectric effects. The MANG can be a potential NG to synergistically tap into the magneto—acoustic vibrations generated from the frequency changes of a vibrating device such as loudspeakers.
The paradox of standards and innovation: Reconceptualising standards and standardisation with the help of Niklas Luhmann
Authors: Kim Dong‐hyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research explores the intricate relationship between standards and innovation through the lens of Niklas Luhmann's theoretical framework. Standardisation transforms uncertainty into certainty, providing a stable foundation for modern social systems and shaping reality. Historically, standardisation has facilitated social homogenisation and bureaucratic efficiency, as observed by Max Weber. However, defining standards and standardisation remains ambiguous due to their diverse applications across various domains. This study reconceptualises standards and standardisation as dynamic constructs that integrate specific forms and general principles, aligning with Luhmann's notion of unity. It addresses the paradox of standards and innovation, which arises from the duality and simultaneity of complexity reduction (uniformity) and complexity increase (diversity), as well as the tension between compatibility (standards) and novelty (innovation). The research introduces the concept of stylisation to the works of technological standardisation, enabling the comparability of technological systems with art systems. By embracing dynamic stability and stylisation, systems can navigate the paradox effectively, ensuring sustainable growth and adaptation.
Molecular Mechanism of Egg White Protein for Strengthening the Cross‐Linking Properties of Heat‐Induced Wheat Gluten Gel
Authors: Cui Sijia , Wang Jialei , Liu Tengmei , Sun Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe chemical interaction between egg white protein (EWP) and wheat gluten (WG) is significantly influenced by the amount of EWP added. Therefore, the effects of EWP addition on the gelling properties and chemical interactions of heat‐induced WG–EWP gels are thoroughly examined. The results demonstrate that the enhancement in gel strength of WG–EWP gels is positively correlated with the amount of EWP added. EWP addition improves protein–protein interactions by reducing the freedom of water. The enhanced aggregation between WG and EWP is likely due to a decrease in surface hydrophobicity and an increase in β‐sheet content. EWP enhances cross‐linking with low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW‐GS), high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS), and gliadin (Gli). Specifically, EWP primarily cross‐links with ω‐, α‐, and γ‐Glis through S–S bonds and interacts with GS through hydrophobic interactions and S–S bonds. This study provides a theoretical foundation for improving the WG network structure in wheat‐based food production.
Flexural behavior of corroded RC beams repaired with high performance cementitious mortar under cyclic loading
Authors: Mudadu Antonio , Prota Andrea , Menna Costantino 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe understanding of the cyclic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) elements is of vital importance in relation to the extent of the service life of buildings and infrastructures. Steel rebar corrosion plays a major role in this regard because it significantly affects the overall structural integrity, especially under cyclic loads, leading to reduced stiffness and load‐bearing capacity of structural elements. Cyclic condition has the potential to accelerate the corrosion‐induced cracking and spalling, the effectiveness of the bond strength between rebar and concrete, and also the ductility and energy dissipation characteristics of the structure. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a high‐performance thixotropic repairing cementitious mortar in improving the fatigue behavior of RC elements through a multiscale experimental approach. First, at the material scale of concrete specimens, two different concrete classes together with the repairing one‐component, pre‐blended, thixotropic cementitious mortar, were tested under incremental cyclic condition. Based on the results obtained from material scale, four reinforced concrete beams were exposed to different levels of accelerated corrosion by means of the impressed current technique and, subsequently, repaired by bonding a layer of the thixotropic high‐performance mortar onto the tension side. Finally, beams were tested under incremental cyclic four‐point bending test to investigate the fatigue behavior in terms of crack onset, propagation and energy dissipation. The resulting cyclic properties and cracking behavior of the structural elements were related to the level of corrosion achieved through the accelerated test and the effectiveness of the structural repair mortar was proven. In terms of code compliance, the repairing mortar was able to fulfill the requirements of frequent and quasi‐permanent combination of loads, remaining below all the threshold values provided by the Italian NTC2018 and Eurocode.
Trapped in Grandiosity? Narcissistic CEOs and Risk‐Taking in MENA Banks: The Moderating Effect of CEO Attributes
Authors: Khanchel Imen , Lassoued Naima , Ferchichi Sondes 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTUtilizing a panel data set consisting of 144 Middle East and North African (MENA) banks covering the period 2014–2021, this study (a) explores the correlation between CEO narcissism and insolvency risk (risk‐taking) and (b) investigates whether certain CEO attributes can moderate this association. We identify a significant positive relationship between CEO narcissism and insolvency risk, shedding light on the dark side of CEO narcissism as elucidated within the upper echelons theory. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the presence of returnee CEOs or politically connected CEOs strengthens the aforementioned relationship by increasing the likelihood of narcissistic CEOs contributing to amplify insolvency risk.
Introduction
Authors: Hansen Henning Otte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMegatrends are large global trends that are long-lasting, can be empirically documented, and have a major impact on businesses, economies, industries, societies and individuals. Furthermore, megatrends can also be used as a direction for the future. The focus of this book is agriculture, the food industry and food markets and the internal and external factors that surround and influence them. Megatrends can be used to reveal and explain a historical development. An understanding of the connections between drivers, megatrends and societal impacts can be useful when assessing the effects of political and economic interventions—understanding the present can help us predict the future. Megatrends can also be used to project a historical or current development: if megatrends are consistent and substantiated, they are likely to continue into the future.
Algorithms for representations of quiver Yangian algebras
Authors: Galakhov Dmitry , Gavshin Alexei , Morozov Alexei , Tselousov Nikita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this note, we aim to review algorithms for constructing crystal representations of quiver Yangians in detail. Quiver Yangians are believed to describe an action of the BPS algebra on BPS states in systems of D-branes wrapping toric Calabi-Yau three-folds. Crystal modules of these algebras originate from molten crystal models for Donaldson-Thomas invariants of respective three-folds. Despite the fact that this subject was originally at the crossroads of algebraic geometry with effective supersymmetric field theories, equivariant toric action simplifies applied calculations drastically. So the sole pre-requisite for this algorithm’s implementation is linear algebra. It can be easily taught to a machine with the help of any symbolic calculation system. Moreover, these algorithms may be generalized to toroidal and elliptic algebras and exploited in various numerical experiments with those algebras. We illustrate the work of the algorithms in applications to simple cases of $$ \textrm{Y}\left({\mathfrak{sl}}_2\right) $$
Y

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2

, $$ \textrm{Y}\left({\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}}_1\right) $$
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and $$ \textrm{Y}\left({\hat{\mathfrak{gl}}}_{\left.1\right|1}\right) $$
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1

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.
A note on the 1-D minimization problem related to solenoidal improvement of the uncertainty principle inequality
Authors: Hamamoto Naoki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper gives a second way to solve the one-dimensional minimization problem of the form : $$\begin{aligned} \min _{f\not \equiv 0}\frac{\displaystyle \int \limits _0^\infty \left( f''\right) ^2x^{\mu +1}dx\int \limits _0^\infty \left( {x}^2\left( f'\right) ^2 -\varepsilon f^2\right) {{x}}^{\mu -1}d{x}}{\displaystyle \left( \int \limits _0^\infty \left( f'\right) ^2 {{x}}^{\mu }d{x}\right) ^2} \end{aligned}$$

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for scalar-valued functions f on the half line, where $$f'$$

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and $$f''$$

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are its derivatives and $$\varepsilon $$
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and $$\mu $$
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are positive parameters with $$\varepsilon < \frac{\mu ^2}{4}.$$

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This problem plays an essential part of the calculation of the best constant in Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle inequality for solenoidal vector fields. The above problem was originally solved by using (generalized) Laguerre polynomial expansion; however, the calculation was complicated and long. In the present paper, we give a simpler method to obtain the same solution, the essential part of which was communicated in Theorem 5.1 of the preprint (Hamamoto, arXiv:2104.02351v4, 2021).