bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Former les enseignants pour accroître leur satisfaction au travail : propositions théoriques et illustrations empiriques
Authors: Chaliès Sébastien , Amathieu Jérôme , Bertone Stefano 
Published: January 2014

Bien qu’il soit admis qu’elle a une influence sur la santé des enseignants, seuls quelques travaux ont montré un lien de causalité entre la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants et la possibilité qui leur est offerte de se former. À partir d’un cadre conceptuel inspiré des théories générales de l’apprentissage (Berducci, 2004 ; Nelson, 2008) et de l’action collective (Wittgenstein, 2004), et de données d’autoconfrontation à propos de l’expérience vécue de classe et de formation, cette étude montre que l’activité de formation joue un rôle crucial sur la construction des règles de métier et des critères d’appréciation par les novices de la qualité de leur travail. Elle documente également l’idée selon laquelle c’est au cœur de la situation de travail elle-même, aménagée en situation de formation, que l’émergence de ces règles et critères est facilitée et que les formés éprouvent du plaisir à faire leur travail selon les règles de métier. Outre le fait de discuter l’efficacité du principe de l’alternance, cette étude propose finalement trois orientations pour parvenir à accroître par la formation la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants novices.
Analyser le marché du travail par les trajectoires individuelles
Authors: Bruno Anne-Sophie 
Published: January 2014

Héritiers de la « mosaïque » multiculturelle mise en place à l’époque coloniale, les migrants de Tunisie installés en région parisienne après les années 1950 constituent un laboratoire hors du commun pour étudier les phénomènes de discrimination au travail. Le recours à des données appariées croisant l’étude des trajectoires salariées avec les caractéristiques des entreprises qui les emploient permet de porter un regard nouveau sur les mécanismes de mobilité sociale et les inégalités. L’étude met au jour l’importance des discriminations dont les étrangers sont l’objet sur un marché du travail segmenté, révélant l’étendue des formes de travail précaire au cœur des Trente Glorieuses, loin de l’image d’un âge d’or du salariat stable et bien rémunéré.
Excess IL-1 Signaling Enhances the Development of Th17 Cells by Downregulating TGF-β–Induced Foxp3 Expression
Authors: Ikeda Satoshi , Saijo Shinobu , Murayama Masanori A. , Shimizu Kenji , Akitsu Aoi , Iwakura Yoichiro 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
IL-1R antagonist–deficient (Il1rn−/−) mice develop autoimmune arthritis in which IL-17A plays a crucial role. Although many studies have shown that Th17 cell differentiation is dependent on TGF-β and IL-6, we found that Th17 cells developed normally in Il1rn−/−Il6−/− mice in vivo. Then, we analyzed the mechanisms of Th17 cell differentiation in Il1rn−/−Il6−/− mice. We found that IL-21 production was increased in the lymph nodes of Il1rn−/− mice, naive Il6−/− CD4+ T cells differentiated into Th17 cells when cultured with TGF-β and IL-21, and the differentiation was greatly enhanced when IL-1 was added to the culture. Th17 cell differentiation was not induced by either TGF-β or IL-1 alone or in combination. IL-21 induced IL-1R expression in naive CD4+ T cells, and IL-1 inhibited TGF-β–induced Foxp3 expression, resulting in the promotion of Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, IL-1 augmented the expression of Th17 cell–specific transcription factors such as Nfkbiz and Batf. These results indicate that excess IL-1 signaling can overcome the requirement of IL-6 in the differentiation of Th17 cells by suppressing Foxp3 expression and inducing Th17 cell–specific transcription factors.
Pathogen-Related Differences in the Abundance of Presented Antigen Are Reflected in CD4+ T Cell Dynamic Behavior and Effector Function in the Lung
Authors: Torabi-Parizi Parizad , Vrisekoop Nienke , Kastenmuller Wolfgang , Gerner Michael Y. , Egen Jackson G. , Germain Ronald N. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Exposure to pathogens in the periphery elicits effector T cell differentiation in local lymph nodes followed by migration of activated T cells to and within the infected site. However, the relationships among pathogen abundance, Ag display on MHC molecules, effector T cell dynamics, and functional responses at the infected sites are incompletely characterized. In this study, we compared CD4+ T cell effector dynamics and responses during pulmonary mycobacterial infection versus acute influenza infection. Two-photon imaging together with in situ as well as ex vivo analysis of cytokine production revealed that the proportion of migration-arrested, cytokine-producing effector T cells was dramatically higher in the influenza-infected lungs due to substantial differences in Ag abundance in the two infectious states. Despite the marked inflammatory conditions associated with influenza infection, histocytometric analysis showed that cytokine production was focal, with a restriction to areas of significant Ag burden. Optimal effector function is thus constrained by the availability of TCR ligands, pointing to the value of increasing Ag stimulation rather than effector numbers in harnessing CD4+ T cells for therapeutic purposes in such conditions.
Induced Resistance to Ofatumumab-Mediated Cell Clearance Mechanisms, Including Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity, in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Baig Nisar A. , Taylor Ronald P. , Lindorfer Margaret A. , Church Amy K. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Pettinger Adam M. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Zent Clive S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Ofatumumab (OFA), a human CD20-targeting mAb, kills B lymphocytes using the innate immune system including complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The efficacy of OFA in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is limited by drug resistance, which is not well characterized. To better understand mechanisms of resistance, we prospectively studied CLL cells isolated from blood samples collected before and after in vivo exposure to the initial dose of OFA therapy in 25 patients undergoing their first treatment for progressive CLL. As previously reported, OFA therapy rapidly decreased the absolute lymphocyte count, CD20 expression by CLL cells, and serum complement levels. We now show that after administration of the first dose of OFA, there was a modest rebound in the absolute lymphocyte count and serum complement levels, but substantial ongoing loss of CD20 expression by CLL cells. These post-OFA treatment CLL cells were highly resistant to OFA-mediated CDC but retained sensitivity to alemtuzumab-mediated CDC in vitro. Posttherapy serum OFA levels correlated inversely with both the amount of pretreatment circulating cell-bound CD20 and with the decrease in this value following treatment. In vitro OFA-mediated CDC did not predict clinical responses, and the patients with first-dose reactions to OFA did not have markers of increased complement activation in vivo. We propose that optimal efficacy of CD20- targeted therapy for CLL requires determining an mAb dose size and frequency that optimizes CLL killing without exceeding the capacity of the cytotoxic mechanisms and thus minimizes loss of CD20 expression in the surviving CLL cells.
Local Smoke-Free Public Policies, Quitline Call Rate, and Smoking Status in Kentucky
Authors: Fernander Anita F. , Rayens Mary Kay , Adkins Sarah , Hahn Ellen J. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose. The study investigated the relationships among local smoke-free public policies, county-level quitline call rate, and adult smoking status. Design. A retrospective cross-sectional examination of demographic characteristics, smoking status of Kentuckians, and data from the Kentucky Tobacco Quitline were used to investigate the relationship of local smoke-free ordinances or Board of Health regulations together with county-level quitline use rates and population-level adult smoking status. Setting. One hundred and four Kentucky counties. Subjects. The sample was comprised of 14,184 Kentucky participants with complete demographic information collected from the 2009–2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Measures. Individual-level demographics and smoking status from the BRFSS; county-level urban/rural status; quitline rates; and smoke-free policy status. Analysis. Given the hierarchical structure of the dataset, with BRFSS respondents nested within county, multilevel modeling was used to determine the predictors of smoking status. Results. For every 1-unit increase in the county-level call rate the likelihood of current smoking status decreased by 9%. Compared to those living in communities without a policy, those in communities with a smoke-free public policy were 18% less likely to be current smokers. Limitations include quitline call rate as the sole indicator of cessation demand, as well as the cross-sectional design. Conclusion. Communities with smoke-free policies and higher rates of quitline use have lower rates of adult smoking.
Trends in female representation in published ophthalmology literature, 2000-2009
Authors: Shah Deepika N. , Huang Jiayan , Ying Gui-shuang , Pietrobon Ricardo , O'Brien Joan M. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo examine trends in female first and last authors in clinical ophthalmology literature published from January 2000 to December 2009.MethodsA total of 3760 articles in American Journal of Ophthalmology (AJO), 2347 articles in Archives of Ophthalmology (Archives), and 3838 articles in Ophthalmology spanning 10 years of published ophthalmology peer-reviewed literature were examined. All original research articles and brief reports indexed online were included. Author gender was determined by an exhaustive Internet search. Articles were excluded if the sex of the author could not be determined or was not applicable (for example, articles by a study group rather than an individual author).ResultsGender information was identified in 86.8% of articles for first authors and 86% for last authors. The number of female first authors (P < 0.0001) and last authors (P = 0.005) increased significantly in the study period in all journals examined, with a significant association between the sex of the first and last authors (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.96-2.46; P < 0.0001), when examining all articles. Female representation increased for last authors significantly only in Ophthalmology. There was a significant correlation between gender of the first author and total number of authors that was not observed with last-author sex.ConclusionFemale first authorship has increased from 2000 to 2009 and is correlated with the gender of the last author; however, there were fewer female last authors compared to female first authors in the same period.
L’assistance-chômage des jeunes sous condition d’accompagnement. De quelques mécanismes du non-recours par éviction
Authors: Lima Léa , Trombert Christophe 
Published: January 2014

L’article se propose d’expliciter, à partir d’une enquête sur le principal dispositif d’assistance-chômage pour les jeunes Français (le Fonds d’aide aux jeunes), certains facteurs organisationnels et professionnels du non-accès des jeunes à l’aide sociale. Une partie de la non-connaissance, de la non-réception et finalement de la non-demande de droits et de services par les jeunes découle en effet de la mise en oeuvre pratique d’une économie morale de l’accompagnement : la stratégie de défense de la dignité professionnelle des conseillers en missions locales, d’une part, et les normes de solidarité publique, d’autre part, conduisent à privilégier, dans l’accès à l’offre d’aide sociale, les jeunes construisant une relation pacifiée et de long terme avec les professionnels. L’existence d’une relation d’accompagnement apparaît alors comme une condition de proposition et d’octroi de l’aide financière.
L’accompagnement éducatif des jeunes en processus de raccrochage scolaire à l’éducation des adultes : entre contrôle, service et relation
Authors: Cauvier Johanne , Desmarais Danielle 
Published: January 2014

L’article porte sur l’accompagnement éducatif des jeunes de 16-20 ans dans des programmes d’éducation des adultes. Il interroge d’abord le discours sur l’accompagnement. Les auteures y présentent ensuite une modélisation de l’accompagnement éducatif pour les jeunes à l’éducation des adultes à travers un schéma où se croisent deux axes : l’axe relationnel et l’axe des contenus. L’article fait également état des différentes postures pour l’enseignant ou l’enseignante qui accompagne. Enfin, à partir d’un corpus de six enseignants faisant partie d’une recherche-action entreprise depuis quelques années, certaines observations sont exposées afin d’illustrer la spécificité de l’accompagnement éducatif des jeunes québécois en processus de raccrochage scolaire dans un centre d’éducation aux adultes ou dans un organisme communautaire autonome.
« Jeunes des quartiers difficiles » en service civique : du ciblage politique d’un public aux usages juvéniles
Authors: Becquet Valérie 
Published: January 2014

Le service civique, créé par la Loi du 10 mars 2010, estun dispositif public d’incitation à l’engagement.S’adressant aux jeunes âgés de 16 à 25 ans,il leur propose de réaliser des missionsd’intérêt général pour unedurée de 6 à 12 mois en contrepartie d’uneindemnité de subsistance. Le cadrage politique et techniqueconduit à opérer un ciblage spécifique de lacatégorie des « jeunes des quartiersdifficiles ». L’article propose de revenir sur lescontours de ce public pour ensuite analyser, à partird’une enquête réalisée auprès desvolontaires de l’association Unis-Cité, leurs usages duservice civique.
Des difficultés scolaires et familiales à la prise en charge totale : le cas des jeunes orientés en Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique
Authors: Dupont Hugo 
Published: January 2014

Certains enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes socialement vulnérables présentent une déviance comportementale à l’école et une difficulté à entrer dans les apprentissages. Leurs difficultés familiales et scolaires étant interprétées sur le plan de la santé mentale, ils sont orientés vers des Instituts thérapeutiques, éducatifs et pédagogiques (ITEP) dont le fonctionnement peut être comparé à celui d’une « institution totale ». Nous faisons alors l’hypothèse que les critères qui légitiment l’orientation en ITEP d’un jeune sont construits de telle manière qu’ils permettent de répondre à une nécessité politique de contrôle social d’une population considérée comme socialement et juridiquement à risque.
Pediatric Lipid Screening Prevalence Using Nationwide Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Thompson-Paul Angela M. , Kraus Emily M. , Porter Renee M. , Pierce Samantha L. , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Sekkarie Ahlia , Goodman Alyson B. , Jackson Sandra L. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceUniversal screening to identify unfavorable lipid levels is recommended for US children aged 9 to 11 years and adolescents aged 17 to 21 years (hereafter, young adults); however, screening benefits in these individuals have been questioned. Current use of lipid screening and prevalence of elevated lipid measurements among US youths is not well understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of ambulatory pediatric lipid screening and elevated or abnormal lipid measurements among US screened youths by patient characteristic and test type.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the IQVIA Ambulatory Electronic Medical Record database and included youths aged 9 to 21 years with 1 or more valid measurement of height and weight during the observation period (2018-2021). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized using standard pediatric BMI percentiles (9-19 years) and adult BMI categories (≥20 years). The data were analyzed from October 6, 2022, to January 18, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLipid measurements were defined as abnormal if 1 or more of the following test results was identified: total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥130 mg/dL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥31 mg/dL), non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥145 mg/dL), and triglycerides (≥100 mg/dL for children aged 9 years or ≥130 mg/dL for patients aged 10-21 years). After adjustment for age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and BMI category, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsAmong 3 226 002 youths (23.9% aged 9-11 years, 34.8% aged 12-16 years, and 41.3% aged 17-21 years; 1 723 292 females [53.4%]; 60.0% White patients, 9.5% Black patients, and 2.4% Asian patients), 11.3% had 1 or more documented lipid screening tests. The frequency of lipid screening increased by age group (9-11 years, 9.0%; 12-16 years, 11.1%; 17-21 years, 12.9%) and BMI category (range, 9.2% [healthy weight] to 21.9% [severe obesity]). Among those screened, 30.2% had abnormal lipid levels. Compared with youths with a healthy weight, prevalence of an abnormal result was higher among those with overweight (aPR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.56-1.61), moderate obesity (aPR, 2.16; 95% CI, 2.14-2.19), and severe obesity (aPR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.50-2.57).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of prevalence of lipid screening among US youths aged 9 to 21 years, approximately 1 in 10 were screened. Among them, abnormal lipid levels were identified in 1 in 3 youths overall and 1 in 2 youths with severe obesity. Health care professionals should consider implementing lipid screening among children aged 9 to 11 years, young adults aged 17 to 21 years, and all youths at high cardiovascular risk.
ZY5301 Tablet vs Placebo for Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain After Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Teng Xiuxiang , Li Hongmei , Yang Defeng , Gao Zheng , Cui Li , Chen Hong , Song Qingxia , Xu Lianwei , Li Huaifang , Zhang Qin , Wu Junyu , Leng Jing 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceChronic pelvic pain (CPP) is the main sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), with no established treatment. ZY5301 tablets, an effective part preparation extracted from Ajuga decumbens Thunb. (jingucao), are being tested as a treatment for CPP caused by PID.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether ZY5301 tablets are effective and safe for CPP treatment in women with PID.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis placebo-controlled double-blind, dose-parallel, phase 2 randomized clinical trial was conducted in 9 hospitals in China. Female participants with CPP after PID were enrolled between October 16, 2020, and August 31, 2021. The data analysis was performed between December 2021 and March 2022.InterventionsParticipants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive ZY5301 300 mg/d, ZY5301 600 mg/d, or placebo orally 3 times a day for 12 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVisual analog scale (VAS) scores were the main measure used to evaluate the efficacy of ZY5301 in reducing CPP. The evaluation end points for VAS score included changes in mean weekly VAS score from baseline, area under the VAS score-time curve, pain remission (VAS score of 0 and 1) rate, and median time to pain remission. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of treatment-emergent and treatment-related adverse events.ResultsIn total, 180 women were randomly assigned, and 177 were included in the efficacy analysis; thus, the full analysis set included 60 participants in the ZY5301 mg/d group (mean [SD] age, 37.4 [8.1] years), 58 in the ZY5301 600 mg/d group (mean [SD] age, 37.1 [7.9] years), and 59 in the placebo group (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [7.3] years). Participant characteristics at baseline were similar among the groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean (SD) change in VAS score from the baseline was −2.1 (1.7) points, −3.5 (1.5) points, and −3.8 (1.7) points in the placebo, ZY5301 300 mg/d, and ZY5301 600 mg/d groups, respectively (P &amp;lt; .001). The pain remission rates at week 12 were 43.3% and 53.5% in the ZY5301 300 mg/d and ZY5301 600 mg/d groups, respectively, a significant difference compared with the placebo group (11.9%; P &amp;lt; .001). All the other end points showed similar improvements. The ZY5301 600 mg/d group had better efficacy than the ZY5301 300 mg/d group, but the difference was not significant. The safety analysis revealed no significant differences among groups.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings show that ZY5301 tablet is efficacious for the relief of CPP with acceptable tolerability.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05460546
A Perspective of Fabrication and Applications of MXene–Metal Hybrids
Authors: Shi Yu , Du Zhiguo , Yang Shubin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract2D materials with ultrathin structure, high specific areas, and excellent mechanical properties provide potentials to enhance the electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties of metals. In particular, MXene with different compositions, abundant surface terminations, high electrical conductivity has good affinity with some metals such as Al, Li, Na as well as can be uniformly dispersed in the metals. Moreover, the above unique features enable the MXene–metal hybrids with diversified functions. In this review, the current advanced studies in the topic of MXene–metal hybrids are summarized. The properties of MXenes such as mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, wettability, and surface properties of MXenes are first reviewed. Subsequently, different synthetic approaches including physical, metallurgy, electrochemical, and wet‐chemical routes are screened. By harnessing the above unique features, MXene could enhance the electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the hybrids, and their application such as energy storage devices, anticorrosion coating, functional structural materials, electromagnetic wave absorption are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the in‐operando characterization techniques is provided to clarify the strengthening mechanism of MXenes in metals, tailoration of interface between MXenes and metals, and urgent need for industrial‐scale manufacture of MXene–metal hybrids.
Wireless Magnetic Robot for Precise Hierarchical Control of Tissue Deformation
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhao Zhi , Han Joonsu , Sharma Arvin Ardebili , Wang Hua , Zhang Xiaojia Shelly 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMechanotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for tissue injury. However, existing robots for mechanotherapy are often designed on intuition, lack remote and wireless control, and have limited motion modes. Herein, through topology optimization and hybrid fabrication, wireless magneto‐active soft robots are created that can achieve various modes of programmatic deformations under remote magnetic actuation and apply mechanical forces to tissues in a precise and predictable manner. These soft robots can quickly and wirelessly deform under magnetic actuation and are able to deliver compressing, stretching, shearing, and multimodal forces to the surrounding tissues. The design framework considers the hierarchical tissue‐robot interaction and, therefore, can design customized soft robots for different types of tissues with varied mechanical properties. It is shown that these customized robots with different programmable motions can induce precise deformations of porcine muscle, liver, and heart tissues with excellent durability. The soft robots, the underlying design principles, and the fabrication approach provide a new avenue for developing next‐generation mechanotherapy.