bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child injury prevention in the home: A national survey of safety practices and use of safety equipment in deprived families
Authors: Mulvaney CA , Watson MC , Smith S , Coupland C , Kendrick D 
Published: January 2013

Objective: To determine the prevalence of home safety practices and use of safety equipment by disadvantaged families participating in a national home safety equipment scheme in England. Design: Cross-sectional postal survey sent to a random sample of 1,000 families. Setting: England, United Kingdom. Results: Half the families (51%) returned a completed questionnaire. The majority of families (82.3%) reported never drinking hot drinks whilst holding a child and 90.7% reported almost always keeping medicines locked away. High numbers of families reported that they never leave their children in the bath alone (85.7%). Of families with children under one year, 82.1% would never leave the baby on a high surface but only just over half (53.3%) said they never use a baby walker. One-third of families stored cleaning products unsafely in the kitchen or bathroom. Minority ethnic families were significantly less likely to adopt a number of safety practices than white families. Ten per cent of respondents reported that their children had had one or more injuries requiring medical attention in the six months preceding completion of the questionnaire. Conclusions: While the prevalence of many safety practices was high in families, findings regarding the use of baby walkers, storage of cleaning products and the practices of minority ethnic families highlight issues requiring further health education intervention. National surveys such as this one provide key information necessary for planning future strategies.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced hypertension
Authors: İlhan Selçuk , Ateşşahin Dilek , Ateşşahin Ahmet , Mutlu Emre , Onat Elif , Şahna Engin 
Published: January 2013

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on biochemical and cardiovascular changes resulting from exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD), a polychlorinated dibenzo- para-dioxin. Methods: A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into the following four groups: (1) control group was administered with 0.5 mL corn oil by gavage and 0.5 cc vehicle of melatonin (proportionally nine parts physiological serum + one part ethyl alcohol) intraperitoneally for 4 weeks, (2) the melatonin group was given 5 mg/kg/day melatonin intraperitoneally for 4 weeks, (3) the TCDD group was given 500 ng/kg/day TCDD by gavage for 4 weeks and (4) the TCDD + melatonin group was given TCDD (500 ng/kg/day) by gavage and melatonin (5 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally simultaneously for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was evaluated by the tail-cuff method. Vascular responses to phenylephrine and acetylcholine were evaluated in the isolated thoracic aortas. Results: TCDD not only augmented the systolic blood pressure but also increased the contractile responses to phenylephrine in aorta. Melatonin reversed the blood pressure augmented by TCDD and decreased the contractile responses to phenylephrine in aorta. TCDD induced an increase in the malondialdehyde levels in kidney tissue and melatonin did not change it. Therefore, TCDD caused a decrease in glutathione levels in kidney tissues and melatonin reversed it. Conclusion: Present data demonstrated that TCDD may lead to an increase in blood pressure via increased renal oxidative stress and vascular reactivity. However, melatonin might ameliorate the blood pressure disturbed by TCDD in part by decreasing the oxidant activity induced by TCDD.
Comparing Responsiveness of Six Common Patient-Reported Outcomes to Changes Following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Howard Jennifer S. , Lattermann Christian , Hoch Johanna M. , Mattacola Carl G. , Medina McKeon Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2013

Objective: To compare the responsiveness of six common patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Design: A systematic search was conducted to identify reports of PROs following ACI. Study quality was evaluated using the modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS). For each outcome score, pre- to postoperative paired Hedge’s g effect sizes were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random effects meta-analyses were performed to provide a summary response for each PRO at time points (TP) I (<1 year), II (1 year to <2 years), III (2 years to <4 years), IV (≥4 years), and overall. Results: The mean mCMS for the 42 articles included was 50.9 ± 9.2. For all evaluated instruments, none of the mean effect size CIs encompassed zero. The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC) had increasing responsiveness over time with TP-IV, demonstrating greater mean effect size [confidence interval] (1.78 [1.33, 2.24]) than TP-I (0.88 [0.69, 1.07]). The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Sports and recreation subscale (KOOS-Sports) was more responsive at TP-III (1.76 [0.87, 2.64]) and TP-IV (0.98 [0.81, 1.15]) than TP-I (0.61 [0.44, 0.78]). Overall, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Scale (0.60 [0.46, 0.74]) was least responsive. Both the Lysholm Scale (1.42 [1.14, 1.72]) and the IKDC (1.37 [1.13, 1.62]) appear more responsive than the KOOS-Sports (0.90 [0.73, 1.07]). All other KOOS subscales had overall effect sizes ranging from 0.90 (0.74, 1.22) (Symptoms) to 1.15 (0.76, 1.54) (Quality of Life). Conclusions: All instruments were responsive to improvements in function following ACI. The Lysholm and IKDC were the most responsive instruments across time. IKDC and KOOS-Sports may be more responsive to long-term outcomes, especially among active individuals.
Bioreactor-Induced Chondrocyte Maturation Is Dependent on Cell Passage and Onset of Loading
Authors: Wang Ning , Grad Sibylle , Stoddart Martin J. , Niemeyer Philipp , Südkamp Norbert P. , Pestka Jan , Alini Mauro , Chen Jiying , Salzmann Gian M. 
Published: January 2013

Objective: To explore the effect of shifting in vitro culture conditions regarding cellular passage and onset of loading within matrix-associated bovine articular chondrocytes cultured under free-swelling and/or dynamical loading conditions on general chondrocyte maturation. Methods: Primary or passage 3 bovine chondrocytes were seeded in fibrin-polyurethane scaffolds. Constructs were cultured either free-swelling for 2 or 4 weeks, under direct mechanical loading for 2 or 4 weeks, or free swelling for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of loading. Samples were collected for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification, mRNA expression of chondrogenic genes, immunohistochemistry, and histology. Results: Mechanical loading generally stimulated GAG synthesis, up-regulated chondrogenic genes, and improved the accumulation of matrix in cell-laden constructs when compared with free-swelling controls. Primary chondrocytes underwent more effective cartilage maturation when compared with passaged chondrocytes. Constructs of primary chondrocytes that were initially free-swelling followed by 2 weeks of mechanical load (delayed) had overall highest GAG with strongest responsiveness to load regarding matrix synthesis. Constructs that experienced the delayed loading regime also demonstrated most favorable chondrogenic gene expression profiles in both primary and third passage cells. Furthermore, most intense matrix staining and immunostaining of collagen type II and aggrecan were visualized in these constructs. Conclusions: Primary chondrocytes were more effective than passage 3 chondrocytes when chondrogenesis was concerned. The most efficient chondrogenesis resulted from primary articular chondrocytes, which were initially free-swelling followed by a standardized loading protocol.
Differently immunogenic cancers in mice induce immature myeloid cells that suppress CTL in vitro but not in vivo following transfer
Authors: Schmidt Karin , Zilio Serena , Schmollinger Jan C. , Bronte Vincenzo , Blankenstein Thomas , Willimsky Gerald 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsiMC expand independent of the type of antitumor response and are not immunosuppressive in a cell-autonomous fashion iMC are licensed to become MDSC in vivo in the presence of GM-CSF
Megakaryocytes assemble podosomes that degrade matrix and protrude through basement membrane
Authors: Schachtner Hannah , Calaminus Simon D. J. , Sinclair Amy , Monypenny James , Blundell Michael P. , Leon Catherine , Holyoake Tessa L. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Michie Alison M. , Vukovic Milica , Gachet Christian , Jones Gareth E. , Thomas Steven G. , Watson Steve P. , Machesky Laura M. 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsMurine and human megakaryocytes assemble podosomes. Megakaryocyte podosomes remodel matrix.
Anagrelide compared with hydroxyurea in WHO-classified essential thrombocythemia: the ANAHYDRET Study, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gisslinger Heinz , Gotic Mirjana , Holowiecki Jerzy , Penka Miroslav , Thiele Juergen , Kvasnicka Hans-Michael , Kralovics Robert , Petrides Petro E. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Noninferiority of anagrelide in comparison with hydroxyurea in WHO-essential thrombocythemia, a phase 3 trial
Emergence, origin, and function of neutrophil–dendritic cell hybrids in experimentally induced inflammatory lesions in mice
Authors: Geng Shuo , Matsushima Hironori , Okamoto Takashi , Yao Yi , Lu Ran , Page Kristen , Blumenthal Robert M. , Ward Nicole L. , Miyazaki Toru , Takashima Akira 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsNeutrophils differentiate into neutrophil–dendritic cell hybrids upon recruitment to sites of inflammation or infection. Hybrids play dual protective roles against bacterial infection by rapidly clearing bacteria and presenting bacterial antigens to T cells.
Therapeutic preparations of IVIg contain naturally occurring anti–HLA-E antibodies that react with HLA-Ia (HLA-A/-B/-Cw) alleles
Authors: Ravindranath Mepur H. , Terasaki Paul I. , Pham Tho , Jucaud Vadim , Kawakita Satoru 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Therapeutic preparations of IVIg have high levels of HLA (Ia and Ib) reactivity. Anti–HLA-E mAbs mimicked IVIg HLA-I reactivity. Anti–HLA-E mAbs might be useful in suppressing HLA antibody production similar to IVIg and in the way that anti-RhD Abs suppress production.
Prognostic implications of serial 18-fluoro-deoxyglucose emission tomography in multiple myeloma treated with total therapy 3
Authors: Usmani Saad Z. , Mitchell Alan , Waheed Sarah , Crowley John , Hoering Antje , Petty Nathan , Brown Tracy , Bartel Twyla , Anaissie Elias , van Rhee Frits , Barlogie Bart 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsPresence of more than 3 PET focal lesions after day 7 first cycle of induction chemotherapy can predict for inferior overall survival and progression free survival.
Mapping MHC haplotype effects in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Petersdorf Effie W. , Malkki Mari , Horowitz Mary M. , Spellman Stephen R. , Haagenson Michael D. , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
HLA haplotypes encode single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with risks after HLA-mismatched unrelated donor HCT. SNPs associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are independent of those associated with relapse.
Air pollution and multiple acute respiratory outcomes
Authors: Faustini Annunziata , Stafoggia Massimo , Colais Paola , Berti Giovanna , Bisanti Luigi , Cadum Ennio , Cernigliaro Achille , Mallone Sandra , Scarnato Corrado , Forastiere Francesco 
Published: January 2013

Short-term effects of air pollutants on respiratory mortality and morbidity have been consistently reported but usually studied separately. To more completely assess air pollution effects, we studied hospitalisations for respiratory diseases together with out-of-hospital respiratory deaths.A time-stratified case-crossover study was carried out in six Italian cities from 2001 to 2005. Daily particulate matter (particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm (PM10)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) associations with hospitalisations for respiratory diseases (n = 100 690), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 38 577), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among COPD patients (n = 9886) and out-of-hospital respiratory deaths (n = 5490) were estimated for residents aged ≥35 years.For an increase of 10 μg·m−3in PM10, we found an immediate 0.59% (lag 0–1 days) increase in hospitalisations for respiratory diseases and a 0.67% increase for COPD; the 1.91% increase in LRTI hospitalisations lasted longer (lag 0–3 days) and the 3.95% increase in respiratory mortality lasted 6 days. Effects of NO2were stronger and lasted longer (lag 0–5 days). Age, sex and previous ischaemic heart disease acted as effect modifiers for different outcomes.Analysing multiple rather than single respiratory events shows stronger air pollution effects. The temporal relationship between the pollutant increases and hospitalisations or mortality for respiratory diseases differs.
Complete plastid genomes from Ophioglossum californicum, Psilotum nudum, and Equisetum hyemale reveal an ancestral land plant genome structure and resolve the position of Equisetales among monilophytes
Authors: Grewe Felix , Guo Wenhu , Gubbels Emily A , Hansen A Katie , Mower Jeffrey P 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Plastid genome structure and content is remarkably conserved in land plants. This widespread conservation has facilitated taxon-rich phylogenetic analyses that have resolved organismal relationships among many land plant groups. However, the relationships among major fern lineages, especially the placement of Equisetales, remain enigmatic.

Results
In order to understand the evolution of plastid genomes and to establish phylogenetic relationships among ferns, we sequenced the plastid genomes from three early diverging species: Equisetum hyemale (Equisetales), Ophioglossum californicum (Ophioglossales), and Psilotum nudum (Psilotales). A comparison of fern plastid genomes showed that some lineages have retained inverted repeat (IR) boundaries originating from the common ancestor of land plants, while other lineages have experienced multiple IR changes including expansions and inversions. Genome content has remained stable throughout ferns, except for a few lineage-specific losses of genes and introns. Notably, the losses of the rps16 gene and the rps12i346 intron are shared among Psilotales, Ophioglossales, and Equisetales, while the gain of a mitochondrial atp1 intron is shared between Marattiales and Polypodiopsida. These genomic structural changes support the placement of Equisetales as sister to Ophioglossales + Psilotales and Marattiales as sister to Polypodiopsida. This result is augmented by some molecular phylogenetic analyses that recover the same relationships, whereas others suggest a relationship between Equisetales and Polypodiopsida.

Conclusions
Although molecular analyses were inconsistent with respect to the position of Marattiales and Equisetales, several genomic structural changes have for the first time provided a clear placement of these lineages within the ferns. These results further demonstrate the power of using rare genomic structural changes in cases where molecular data fail to provide strong phylogenetic resolution.
An analysis of online messages about probiotics
Authors: Brinich Margaret A , Mercer Mary Beth , Sharp Richard R 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Internet websites are a resource for patients seeking information about probiotics. We examined a sample of 71 websites presenting probiotic information. We found that descriptions of benefits far outnumbered descriptions of risks and commercial websites presented significantly fewer risks than noncommercial websites. The bias towards the presentation of therapeutic benefits in online content suggests that patients are likely interested in using probiotics and may have unrealistic expectations for therapeutic benefit. Gastroenterologists may find it useful to initiate conversations about probiotics within the context of a comprehensive health management plan and should seek to establish realistic therapeutic expectations with their patients.
Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance in assessing right-sided heart failure in sarcoidosis
Authors: Lønborg Jacob , Ward Michael , Gill Anthony , Grieve Stuart M , Figtree Gemma A 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is associated with a poor prognosis. In patients with right sided heart failure, differentiating between cor-pulmonale, or cardiac sarcoidosis has important implications to management.

Case presentation
We present the case of a patient with severe but stable pulmonary sarcoidosis and new onset right sided heart failure despite only mild elevations of pulmonary artery pressure. CMR demonstration of extensive right ventricular fibrosis with associated dilatation and hypokinesis was a key finding for prognosis and management of the patient.

Conclusion
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the preferred investigation in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, allowing assessment of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, as well as function, in a manner not matched by other technologies.
Effects of smoking on the genetic risk of obesity: the population architecture using genomics and epidemiology study
Authors: Fesinmeyer Megan D , North Kari E , Lim Unhee , Bůžková Petra , Crawford Dana C , Haessler Jeffrey , Gross Myron D , Fowke Jay H , Goodloe Robert , Love Shelley-Ann , Graff Misa , Carlson Christopher S , Kuller Lewis H , Matise Tara C , Hong Ching-Ping , Henderson Brian E , Allen Melissa , Rohde Rebecca R , Mayo Ping , Schnetz-Boutaud Nathalie , Monroe Kristine R , Ritchie Marylyn D , Prentice Ross L , Kolonel Lawrence N , Manson JoAnn E , Pankow James , Hindorff Lucia A , Franceschini Nora , Wilkens Lynne R , Haiman Christopher A , Le Marchand Loic , Peters Ulrike 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Although smoking behavior is known to affect body mass index (BMI), the potential for smoking to influence genetic associations with BMI is largely unexplored.

Methods
As part of the ‘Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE)’ Consortium, we investigated interaction between genetic risk factors associated with BMI and smoking for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in genome-wide association studies. We included 6 studies with a total of 56,466 subjects (16,750 African Americans (AA) and 39,716 European Americans (EA)). We assessed effect modification by testing an interaction term for each SNP and smoking (current vs. former/never) in the linear regression and by stratified analyses.

Results
We did not observe strong evidence for interactions and only observed two interactions with p-values <0.1: for rs6548238/TMEM18, the risk allele (C) was associated with BMI only among AA females who were former/never smokers (β = 0.018, p = 0.002), vs. current smokers (β = 0.001, p = 0.95, pinteraction = 0.10). For rs9939609/FTO, the A allele was more strongly associated with BMI among current smoker EA females (β = 0.017, p = 3.5x10-5), vs. former/never smokers (β = 0.006, p = 0.05, pinteraction = 0.08).

Conclusions
These analyses provide limited evidence that smoking status may modify genetic effects of previously identified genetic risk factors for BMI. Larger studies are needed to follow up our results.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT00000611
Identification of novel mutation in cathepsin C gene causing Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome in Mexican patients
Authors: Romero-Quintana José G , Frías-Castro Luis O , Arámbula-Meraz Eliakym , Aguilar-Medina Maribel , Dueñas-Arias Jesús E , Melchor-Soto Jesús D , Romero-Navarro José G , Ramos-Payán Rosalío 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPapillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) is a type IV genodermatosis caused by mutations in cathepsin C (CTSC), with a worldwide prevalence of 1–4 cases per million in the general population. In México, the prevalence of this syndrome is unknown, and there are few case reports. The diagnosis of twenty patients in the state of Sinaloa highlights the need to characterize this syndrome in Mexicans.MethodsTo understand the basis of PLS in Mexicans, the gene expression, enzymatic activity and mutational analysis of CTSC were assayed in nine PLS patients and their relatives. Frequencies ofCTSCgene polymorphisms and HLA alleles were determined in these patients, their relatives, and the population.ResultsPatients showed normalCTSCgene expression, but a deep reduction (up to 85%) in enzymatic activity in comparison to unrelated healthy individuals. A novel loss-of-function mutation, c.203 T >; G (p.Leu68Arg), was found in all patients, and some carried the polymorphism c.458C >; T (p.Thr153Ile). Allelic frequencies in patients, relatives and controls were 88.89%, 38.24% and 0.25% for G (c.203 T >; G); and 11.11%, 8.82% and 9.00% for T (c.458C >; T). HLA-DRB1*11 was found significantly more frequent (P = 0.0071) in patients than controls (33.33%vs.7.32%), with an estimated relative risk of 6.33.ConclusionsThe novel loss-of function mutation ofCTSCgene (c.203 T >; G) found in patients correlated with their diminished enzymatic activity, and HLA-DRB1*11 was found to be associated with PLS. The study of more PLS patients may give more insights into the etiology of the disease as well as its prevalence in México.
Platelet-derived growth factor-induced Akt phosphorylation requires mTOR/Rictor and phospholipase C-γ1, whereas S6 phosphorylation depends on mTOR/Raptor and phospholipase D
Authors: Razmara Masoud , Heldin Carl-Henrik , Lennartsson Johan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) can be found in two multi-protein complexes, i.e. mTORC1 (containing Raptor) and mTORC2 (containing Rictor). Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which mTORC1 and mTORC2 are activated and their downstream targets in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB treatment. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibited PDGF-BB activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2. We found that in Rictor-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts, or after prolonged rapamycin treatment of NIH3T3 cells, PDGF-BB was not able to promote phosphorylation of Ser473 in the serine/threonine kinase Akt, whereas Thr308 phosphorylation was less affected, suggesting that Ser473 in Akt is phosphorylated in an mTORC2-dependent manner. This reduction in Akt phosphorylation did not influence the phosphorylation of the S6 protein, a well established protein downstream of mTORC1. Consistently, triciribine, an inhibitor of the Akt pathway, suppressed PDGF-BB-induced Akt phosphorylation without having any effect on S6 phosphorylation. Thus, mTORC2 does not appear to be upstream of mTORC1. We could also demonstrate that in Rictor-null cells the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) and protein kinase C (PKC) was impaired, and the PKCα protein levels strongly reduced. Furthermore, interfering with the PLCγ/Ca2+/PKC pathway inhibited PDGF-BB-induced Akt phosphorylation. In addition, PDGF-BB-induced activation of mTORC1, as measured by phosphorylation of the downstream S6 protein, was dependent on phospholipase D (PLD). It has been shown that Erk1/2 MAP-kinase directly phosphorylates and activates mTORC1; in partial agreement with this finding, we found that a Mek1/2 inhibitor delayed S6 phosphorylation in response to PDGF-BB, but it did not block it. Thus, whereas both mTORC1 and mTORC2 are activated in a PI3K-dependent manner, different additional signaling pathways are needed. mTORC1 is activated in a PLD-dependent manner and promotes phosphorylation of the S6 protein, whereas mTORC2, in concert with PLCγ signaling, promotes Akt phosphorylation.