bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypropylene/date stone flour composites: Effects of filler contents and EBAGMA compatibilizer on morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Hamma Amel , Kaci Mustapha , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis work aims to study the effects of date stone flour (DSF) on morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites in the absence and presence of ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA) used as the compatibilizer. DSF was added to the PP matrix at loading rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt %, while the amount of compatibilizer was fixed to the half of the filler content. The study showed through scanning electron microscopy analysis that EBAGMA compatibilizer improved the dispersion and the wettability of DSF in the PP matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a slight decrease in the decomposition temperature at onset (Tonset) for all composite materials compared to PP matrix, whereas the thermal degradation rate was slower. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data revealed that the melting temperature of PP in the composite materials remained almost unchanged. The nucleating effect of DSF was however reduced by the compatibilizer. Furthermore, the incorporation of DSF resulted in the increase of stiffness of the PP composites accompanied by a significant decrease in both the stress and strain at break. The addition of EBAGMA to PP/DSF composites improved significantly the ductility due to the elastomeric effect of EBAGMA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A dynamically distributed reactor model for identifying the flow fields in industrial loop propylene polymerization reactors
Authors: Yang Xiong‐Fa , Zheng Tao , Che Li‐Ming , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe use of distributed parameter model is becoming a common approach for simulating liquid–solid flow in loop polymerization reactors. However, there are still several issues with it. One of them is the absence of modeling of distributed pressure, as no thermodynamic state‐equation is incorporated into the model. In this work, inner pressure of the reactor was associated with temperature using a thermodynamic state‐equation for high‐pressure liquid. The thermodynamic state‐equation was solved together with a dynamically distributed reactor model based on the mass, energy, and momentum conservation as well as polymerization kinetics to predict the dynamic trajectories of component concentration, temperature, pressure, and bulk mass velocity in the reactor. Industrial steady‐state data were used for model validation. The application of the model was demonstrated by simulating the effect of recycle ratio on the above distributed reactor parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Recombinant hHscFv–RC‐RNase protein derived from transgenic tobacco acts as a bifunctional molecular complex against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cui Lijie , Peng Huizhen , Zhang Ran , Chen Yuhui , Zhao Lingxia , Tang Kexuan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common clinical primary malignant tumor; however, efficient drugs for the treatment of HCC are still lacking at the present time. To develop a new approach for liver cancer therapy, we designed a chimeric gene (his‐HR) encoding a single‐chain variable fragment of human HAb25 (hHscFv) fused to a cytotoxic ribonuclease from Rana catesbeiana (RC‐RNase) and expressed the corresponding fusion protein in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Eleven positive transgenic plant lines were identified from 204 regenerated tobacco plants by PCR and Southern blot analysis, and the immunocompetence of the recombinant his‐HR protein was confirmed by Western blotting. The expression levels of his‐HR protein ranged from 0.75 to 1.99 µg/g in the fresh tobacco leaves. To characterize the bifunction of the expressed his‐HR protein in tobacco, binding specificity and cell toxicity to several cell lines were examined by the indirect immunocytochemical streptavidin–biotin complex method and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay. Data indicated that the his‐HR protein had stronger specific binding affinity to HepG2 (human liver HCC cell line) than to the other tumor cell lines and normal liver cell line, and the capacity to kill the HCC cell lines SMMC7721 and HepG2 with an half maximal inhibiting concentration of 2.0 and 2.4 nM, respectively. The results suggest that recombinant bifunctional his‐HR protein derived from transgenic plants may provide a novel strategy to treat HCC in the future.
Solvent‐ and Light‐Controlled Unidirectional Transit of a Nonsymmetric Molecular Axle Through a Nonsymmetric Molecular Wheel
Authors: Arduini Arturo , Bussolati Rocco , Credi Alberto , Monaco Simone , Secchi Andrea , Silvi Serena , Venturi Margherita 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe development of a pseudorotaxane motif capable of performing unidirectional threading and dethreading processes under control of external stimuli is particularly important for the construction of processive linear motors based on rotaxanes and, at least in principle, it discloses the possibility to access to rotary motors based on catenanes. Here, we report a strategy to obtain the solvent‐controlled unidirectional transit of a molecular axle through a molecular wheel. It is based on the use of appropriately designed molecular components, the essential feature of which is their non‐symmetric structure. Specifically they are an axle containing a central electron‐acceptor 4,4′‐bipyridinium core functionalized with a hexanol chain at one side, and a stilbene unit connected through a C6 chain at the other side, and a heteroditopic tris(phenylureido)‐calix[6]arene wheel. In apolar solvents the axle threads into the wheel from its upper rim and with the end carrying the OH group, giving an oriented pseudorotaxane structure. After a stoppering reaction, which replaces the small hydroxy group with a bulky diphenylacetyl moiety, and replacement of the apolar solvent with a polar one, dethreading occurs through the slippage of the stilbene unit from the lower rim of the wheel, that is, in the same direction of the threading process. The essential role played by the stilbene unit to achieve the unidirectional transit of the axle through the wheel, and to tune the dethreading rate by light is also demonstrated.
Light‐Driven Coordination‐Induced Spin‐State Switching: Rational Design of Photodissociable Ligands
Authors: Thies Steffen , Sell Hanno , Bornholdt Claudia , Schütt Christian , Köhler Felix , Tuczek Felix , Herges Rainer 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe bistability of spin states (e.g., spin crossover) in bulk materials is well investigated and understood. We recently extended spin‐state switching to isolated molecules at room temperature (light‐driven coordination‐induced spin‐state switching, or LD‐CISSS). Whereas bistability and hysteresis in conventional spin‐crossover materials are caused by cooperative effects in the crystal lattice, spin switching in LD‐CISSS is achieved by reversibly changing the coordination number of a metal complex by means of a photochromic ligand that binds in one configuration but dissociates in the other form. We present mathematical proof that the maximum efficiency in property switching by such a photodissociable ligand (PDL) is only dependent on the ratio of the association constants of both configurations. Rational design by using DFT calculations was applied to develop a photoswitchable ligand with a high switching efficiency. The starting point was a nickel–porphyrin as the transition‐metal complex and 3‐phenylazopyridine as the photodissociable ligand. Calculations and experiments were performed in two iterative steps to find a substitution pattern at the phenylazopyridine ligand that provided optimum performance. Following this strategy, we synthesized an improved photodissociable ligand that binds to the Ni–porphyrin with an association constant that is 5.36 times higher in its trans form than in the cis form. The switching efficiency between the diamagnetic and paramagnetic state is efficient as well (72 % paramagnetic Ni–porphyrin after irradiation at 365 nm, 32 % paramagnetic species after irradiation at 440 nm). Potential applications arise from the fact that the LD‐CISSS approach for the first time allows reversible switching of the magnetic susceptibility of a homogeneous solution. Photoswitchable contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and light‐controlled magnetic levitation are conceivable applications.
Template‐Free Fabrication of Bi2O3 and (BiO)2CO3 Nanotubes and Their Application in Water Treatment
Authors: Qin Fan , Li Guangfang , Wang Runming , Wu Jiliang , Sun Hongzhe , Chen Rong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUniform bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and bismuth subcarbonate ((BiO)2CO3) nanotubes were successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal method without the need for any surfactants or templates. The synergistic effect of ethylene glycol (EG) and urea played a critical role in the formation of the tubular nanostructures. These Bi2O3 and (BiO)2CO3 nanotubes exhibited excellent CrVI‐removal capacity. Bi2O3 nanotubes, with a maximum CrVI‐removal capacity of 79 mg g−1, possessed high removal ability in a wide range of pH values (3–11). Moreover, Bi2O3 and (BiO)2CO3 nanotubes also displayed highly efficient photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB under visible‐light irradiation. This work not only demonstrates a new and facile route for the fabrication of Bi2O3 and (BiO)2CO3 nanotubes, but also provides new promising adsorbents for the removal of heavy‐metal ions and potential photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
Synthesis and Promising Properties of a New Family of High‐Nitrogen Compounds: Polyazido‐ and Polyamino‐Substituted N,N′‐Azo‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Qi Cai , Li Sheng‐Hua , Li Yu‐Chuan , Wang Yuan , Zhao Xiu‐Xiu , Pang Si‐Ping 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new family of high‐nitrogen compounds, that is, polyazido‐ and polyamino‐substituted N,N′‐azo‐1,2,4‐triazoles, were synthesized in a safe and convenient manner and fully characterized. The structures of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra(azido)‐4,4′‐azo‐1,2,4‐triazole (15) and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra(amino)‐4,4′‐azo‐1,2,4‐triazole (23) were also confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to determine their thermal stability. Their heats of formation and density, which were calculated by using Gaussian 03, were used to determine the detonation performances of the related compounds (EXPLO 5.05). The heats of formation of the polyazido compounds were also derived by using an additive method. Compound 15 has the highest heat of formation (6933 kJ kg−1) reported so far for energetic compounds and a detonation performance that is comparable to that of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX), while compound 23 has a decomposition temperature of up to 290 °C.
Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Self‐Assembling and Self‐Adjuvanting Tricomponent Glycopeptide Cancer‐Vaccine Candidates
Authors: Wilkinson Brendan L. , Day Stephanie , Chapman Robert , Perrier Sébastien , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Payne Richard J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSelf‐adjuvanting tricomponent vaccines were prepared and assessed for their self‐assembly and immunological activity in mouse models. The vaccines each consisted of a peptide or glycopeptide antigen that corresponds to a complete copy of the variable‐number tandem repeat (VNTR) of the tumor‐associated mucin 1 (MUC1) glycoprotein, the universal T‐cell helper peptide epitope PADRE, and the immunoadjuvant Pam3CysSer. The vaccines were shown to spontaneously self‐assemble in water to form isotropic particles varying in size from 17 to 25 nm and elicited robust humoral responses in murine models without the addition of an external adjuvant. The serum antibodies could recognize tumor‐associated MUC1 epitopes on the surface of MCF7 breast‐cancer cells and B16 melanoma cells, which overexpress this tumor‐associated glycoprotein.
Cationic Complexes of Hydrogen with Helium
Authors: Bartl Peter , Leidlmair Christian , Denifl Stephan , Scheier Paul , Echt Olof 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHigh‐resolution mass spectra of helium nanodroplets doped with hydrogen or deuterium reveal that copious amounts of helium can be bound to H+, H2+, H3+, and larger hydrogen‐cluster ions. All conceivable HenHx+ stoichiometries are identified if their mass is below the limit of ≈120 u set by the resolution of the spectrometer. Anomalies in the ion yields of HenHx+ for x=1, 2, or 3, and n≤30 reveal particularly stable cluster ions. Our results for HenH1+ are consistent with conclusions drawn from previous experimental and theoretical studies which were limited to smaller cluster ions. The HenH3+ series exhibits a pronounced anomaly at n=12 which was outside the reliable range of earlier experiments. Contrary to findings reported for other diatomic dopant molecules, the monomer ion (i.e. H2+) retains helium with much greater efficiency than hydrogen‐cluster ions.
Photoionization of Yb(NH3)n Complexes
Authors: Guttridge Matthew J. , Don Sadna H. , Ellis Andrew M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe ionization energies of complexes between a rare‐earth metal (Yb) and ammonia were measured for the first time. Using photoionization mass spectrometry under molecular‐beam conditions, the adiabatic ionization energies of Yb(NH3)n were determined for n=1–10. Ab initio calculations were also carried out in support of this work and were found to be in excellent agreement with experiment. The combined findings from theory and experiment are consistent with formation of “interior” complexes in which the Yb atom is embedded within a shell of NH3 molecules, rather than sitting on the surface of an (NH3)n cluster. The calculations also suggest that Yb can accommodate up to eight NH3 molecules in its first solvation shell before steric repulsion makes occupancy of the second solvation shell more favourable energetically. The experimental ionization data are consistent with this prediction, as demonstrated by below‐trend adiabatic ionization energies for the n=9 and 10 complexes. The ionization energies of Yb(NH3)n complexes closely follow those for complexes of alkali metal atoms with NH3, which suggests that a valence electron will eventually detach from the Yb atom to form a solvated electron in Yb(NH3)n when n is sufficiently large.
Nuclear energy conversion with stacks of graphene nanocapacitors
Authors: Shinn Eric , Hübler Alfred , Lyon Dave , Perdekamp Matthias Grosse , Bezryadin Alexey , Belkin Andrey 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe efficiency of conventional techniques used to harvest energy in nuclear reactors lies around 35%. This limit exists, because the nuclear energy is converted to electrical energy via heat engines. We study an alternative approach where the kinetic energy of nuclear reaction products is directly converted into electric energy in a stack of charged capacitors with a gap size of 500 nm and graphene electrodes. Graphene is expected to be chemically and mechanically stable in high‐radiation environments, because its tensile strength of 130 GPa is very large, about 100 times larger than most metals. The dielectric strength of such nanocapacitors exceeds 1 GV/m, because avalanching is suppressed at small gap sizes. In a 1 GV/m electric field charged nuclear reaction products, such as 5.6 MeV alpha particles, come to rest in of a stack with 5000 nanocapacitors. We show that during the deceleration process more than 90% of kinetic energy of charged nuclear reaction products is converted to electric energy and stored as electric energy in the stack. Each stack is 2.5‐mm thick and produces a high‐voltage DC current. A device with a 1‐Ci241Am source is expected to generate 22 mW of electric power.
Optimizing the Deposition of Hydrogen Evolution Sites on Suspended Semiconductor Particles using On‐Line Photocatalytic Reforming of Aqueous Methanol Solutions
Authors: Busser G. Wilma , Mei Bastian , Muhler Martin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe deposition of hydrogen evolution sites on photocatalysts is a crucial step in the multistep process of synthesizing a catalyst that is active for overall photocatalytic water splitting. An alternative approach to conventional photodeposition was developed, applying the photocatalytic reforming of aqueous methanol solutions to deposit metal particles on semiconductor materials such as Ga2O3 and (Ga0.6Zn0.4)(N0.6O0.4). The method allows optimizing the loading of the co‐catalysts based on the stepwise addition of their precursors and the continuous online monitoring of the evolved hydrogen. Moreover, a synergetic effect between different co‐catalysts can be directly established.
Further improvement of a certificateless signature scheme without pairing
Authors: Gong Peng , Li Ping 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYRecently, He et al. proposed an efficient certificateless signature (CLS) scheme without pairings and demonstrated their scheme to be provably secure in the random oracle model. Unfortunately, Tian and Huang and Tsai et al. pointed out that the scheme cannot withstand a Type II adversary's attack. Tsai et al. also proposed an improved scheme to enhance security. However, the schemes of He et al. and Tsai et al. are not real CLS schemes because the user's public key is used to generate its partial private key. Besides, He et al. and Tsai et al. just demonstrated that their schemes are secure against the normal adversary in the random oracle model. In this paper, we propose a real CLS scheme and demonstrate that our scheme is secure against the super adversary. Security analysis and performance analysis show that our scheme could enhance security and increase computational cost slightly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population density does not influence male gonadal investment in the Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa
Authors: Schrader Matthew , Apodaca Joseph J. , Macrae Pamela S. D. , Travis Joseph 
Published: October 2012

AbstractComparative studies documenting a relationship between male gonadal investment and the degree of sperm competition (SC) have usually considered the association between these traits to be driven by qualitative differences in the mating system, such as whether spawning occurs in pairs or groups. However, ecological and demographic differences between conspecific populations may also generate variation in the importance of SC that can drive the evolution of male gonadal investment. In this study, we examined whether variation in population density, which is predicted to influence the level of SC in many animals, is correlated with male gonadal investment among populations of the least killifish, Heterandria formosa, a species with internal fertilization in which multiple mating is common. We complemented this field study by testing whether males respond plastically to experimentally increased levels of SC by increasing investment in testis. This experiment involved two treatments. In the first, we eliminated the potential for sperm competition (NSC) by housing a single male with a single female. In the second, we created a high risk of SC by housing five males with two females. In the field survey, we found significant differences among populations in density and relative testis mass. However, there was no evidence for a correlation between population density and relative testis mass. In our lab experiment, males did not adjust their gonadal investment in response to experiencing different levels of SC for 4 weeks. Our combined results indicate that gonadal investment in male H. formosa is not related to variation in population density.
Three‐dimensional microcoil oscillator fabricated with monolithic process on LSI
Authors: Yabe Tomotaka , Mimura Yasuhiro , Takahashi Hirokazu , Onoe Atsushi , Muroga Sho , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Ono Takahito , Esashi Masayoshi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntegration of three‐dimensional microcoils on high‐performance RF‐LSI is one of the key technologies to realize future wireless telecommunication services and hypersensitive capacitance sensor systems. We designed and fabricated monolithic three‐dimensional microcoils on an LSI substrate. The microcoil has long legs, which will minimize electromagnetic coupling to the LSI substrate. We succeeded in confirming the basic operation of the integrated oscillator circuit in the gigahertz frequency range. It was confirmed that process damage due to plasma ashing, heating at 200 °C, and sputter etching were not observed in the oscillation performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(11): 49–56, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11404
Global bifurcation structure and variability of pacemaker rhythm in a detailed model of cardiac sinoatrial node cells
Authors: Pan Zhenxing , Doi Shinji 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs a cardiac pacemaker, the sinoatrial node spontaneously generates periodic electrical signals (action potentials) in its cells. The action potential generation is deeply related to various ion channels in cell membranes, and abnormalities of the ion channels cause sinus arrhythmia. We use the Zhang model of sinoatrial node cells to investigate the relation between the pacemaker rhythm (frequency of action potential generation) and ion channels. The Zhang model is described by the Hodgkin–Huxley nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and its parameter values vary between the periphery and center cells of the sinoatrial node. We analyze the bifurcation structure of the Zhang model and investigate the variability of the pacemaker rhythm and its sensitivity to ion channel conductance changes for both periphery and center cells. These results are also compared with the previous results of another sinoatrial node cell model: the Yanagihara–Noma–Irisawa model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(11): 28–39, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11427
Study on the principle of contactless electric power transfer via electromagnetic coupling
Authors: Hagiwara Nobumi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn recent years, contactless transfer of electric power has received worldwide attention. Among many contactless electric power transmission systems, an electromagnetic resonant system showed a remarkable ability to turn on a 60‐watt light bulb located at a distance of 2 meters from a power source. Several papers that explain principles of the system have been published, but no analytical explanation of these principles has been provided. In this paper, the author provides an analytical explanation of the principle underlying the power transfer system. The analysis can facilitate the evaluation of the system characteristics, such as resonant frequencies, transferable power, efficiency, coil voltages, etc., and may be useful in the synthesis of contactless power transfer systems. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(2): 53–60, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21285 2
Thermal aging characteristics of insulation paper in mineral oil in overloaded operation of transformers
Authors: Miyagi Katsunori , Oe Etsuo , Yamagata Naoki , Miyahara Hideyuki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA sudden capacity increase in demand during the summer peak, or in contingencies such as malfunctioning transformers, may cause an overload in normal transformers. In this paper, on the basis of overloaded transformer operation in distribution substations, thermal aging testing in oil was carried out under various overload patterns, such as short‐term overload and long‐term overload, but with the winding insulation paper's lifespan loss kept constant. From the results, various characteristics, such as the mean degree of polymerization and production of furfural and (CO2 +CO), and their effects on the lifespan loss of the insulation paper, were obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(2): 1–8, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21292