bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sol-gel Approaches for Elaboration of Polyol Dehydrogenase-Based Bioelectrodes
Authors: Urbanova Veronika , Kohring Gert-Wieland , Klein Tobias , Wang Zhijie , Mert Olcay , Emrullahoglu Mustafa , Buran Kerem , Demir Ayhan S. , Etienne Mathieu , Walcarius Alain 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This review describes the input of sol-gel chemistry to the immobilization of polyol dehydrogenases on electrodes, for applications in bioelectrocatalysis. The polyol dehydrogenases are described and their application for biosensing, biofuel cell and electrosynthesis are briefly discussed. The immobilization of proteins via sol-gel approaches is described, including a discussion on the difficulty to maintain the activity of proteins in a silica matrix and the strategies developed to offer a proper environment to the proteins by developing optimal organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Finally, the co-immobilization of the NAD
+
co-factor and of mediators for the elaboration of reagentless devices is presented, based on published and original data. All-in-all, sol-gel approaches appear to be a very promising for development of original electrochemical applications involving dehydrogenases in near future.
Acridine – a Promising Fluorescence Probe of Non-Covalent Molecular Interactions
Authors: Rozhkova Yulia , Gurinov Andrey A. , Tolstoy Peter M. , Denisov Gleb S. , Shenderovich Ilya G. , Korotkov Valentin Ivanovich 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Fluorescence and absorption spectral parameters of acridine have been studied in solution at room temperature in the presence of different proton donors aiming to inspect whether or not acridine can be used as a spectroscopic probe suitable to measure the geometry of hydrogen bonds under different conditions. It has been shown that the most appropriate spectral parameter is the position of fluorescence maximum that changes heavily upon a contraction of the N···H distance. Presumably, also the intensity of the maximum strongly depends on the hydrogen bond geometry. These two parameters can be used to establish two independent, mutually complementary correlations connecting the spectral manifestations and the geometry of hydrogen bond.
Interrupted speech and MRI findings after traumatic head injury
Authors: Bergemalm Per-Olof 
Published: May 2013

Objective:
Hearing loss is a common sequela of traumatic head injury (THI); the site of hearing impairment can be peripheral or central. If the injury affects the central auditory system (CANS), the individual may present with a normal pure tone audiogram, but many experience hearing difficulties in more complex sound environments. Therefore, it may be important to perform central auditory testing in THI patients. Furthermore, is the integrity of a specific area of the brain related to the results on a specific central auditory test?

Study design:
Fourteen subjects who had experienced THI, skull fracture and/or brain contusion (BC) four to 15 years prior to the present investigation were studied. All subjects had an initial trauma-related sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). All subjects underwent otomicroscopy, standard audiological evaluation, central auditory testing with monaural distorted speech audiometry (interrupted speech (IS)), and MRI of the brain.

Results:
Eight had pathological scores on IS (Group 1) and six had normal results (Group 2). Six subjects in Group 1 had temporal lobe BCs. Four of these six subjects had a left temporal lobe BC only, one had a right and left temporal lobe BC, and one a right temporal lobe BC only. In Group 2, two had left temporal lobe BCs. In addition, five subjects had BC involving the frontal lobes, two of them in combination with a temporal lobe BC.

Conclusion:
The results tend to indicate that the integrity of the left temporal lobe is vital in processing the IS task. No specific localization (visualized via MRI) of a BC in the temporal lobes of subjects with pathological results on IS could be demonstrated.
A newer approach for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using outer membrane proteins of leptospira interrogans serovar tarassovi
Authors: Premlatha MM , Kaur IR , Avasthi R , Dey AB , Chaudhry R 
Published: May 2013

Objective: Leptospirosis in humans occurs throughout the world as an acute infection ranging imperceptible to severe, potentially fatal, renal and liver failure accompanied by haemorrhage and jaundice. In India, according to number of reports, Leptospirosis has been a significant health problem since 1980. This disease mimics influenza, hepatitis, dengue owing to which it often goes undiagnosed due to lack of awareness and diagnostic facilities in most of the laboratories in the country. This study was undertaken to diagnose suspected cases of Leptospirosis by IgM ELISA, DRIDOT and MAT, and also to standardize an in house IgM ELISA using OMP antigens of the L.tarassovi the predominant serovar in the study Materials & Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 287 patients (186 male and 101 female) presenting with acute febrile illness and fulfilling the criteria of clinical diagnosis of Leptospirosis. All the samples & healthy controls were subjected to ELISA (IgM serion), dridot, MAT, and Leptospira serovar Tarassovi OMP IgM ELISA, and for isolation of Leptospira. Results: IgM antibody could be detected by ELISA, Dridot and OMP ELISA of L. Tarassovi from Group I and Group II sera samples. It was observed by MAT that L.Tarassovi was the predominant serovar followed by L.australis, L.autumnalis, L.sejroe, L.pyrogenes, L.ballum, L.canicola, L.icterocopenhageni, L.cynopteri. A total of 5 isolates were recovered from Group I patients. Conclusion: IgM ELISA using sarcosyl extracted OMP antigens of serovar Tarassovi when compared with MAT the overall sensitivity and specificity was 72% and 81% respectively. The same sera reacted with serovar Australis, serovar Tarassovi, serovar Sejroe, serovar Pyrogenes, serovar Ballum and serovar Icterocopenhageni in MAT. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.6693 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 41-46
Students’ views on audio visual aids used during didactic lectures in a medical college
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Ramanuj , Mohan Lalit , Kumar Mani Kant 
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Medical teachers have conventionally been using different teaching methods to educate medical students previously dominated by blackboard and slide projectors. Now day’s audiovisual aids such as power point have been used. The optimum use of audiovisual aids is essential forderiving their benefits. This study was done to know the students’ preference regarding the various audiovisual aids, with an aim to improve their use in didactic lectures. Material &Methods: Two hundred and eighty six from first, second and third professional medical students were invited to participate in a questionnaire based study. Two hundred and thirteen (74.4%) students completed the questionnaire and their responses were analyzed. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic and educational details. The second part consisted of 12 statements regarding the preference of audiovisual aids for various aspects of learning. Results: In this study, 90.1% of the respondents (first, second & third professional) were stimulated for further reading if they attended a lecture which was augmented by the use of visual aids. The respondents preferred a combination of audiovisual aids during a didactic lecture. The perception of diagrams, flow charts and note taking was best accepted with a power point presentation by first and second professional students, whereas OHP preferred by third professional students . In understanding a particular topic, a combination of aids scored over the use of a particular visual aid alone. In listening and understanding a particular topic, power point presentation was the most preferred aid, with the blackboard being preferred by third professional students. About 62.4% of the respondents were interested in taking notes during class compare to handouts. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that lectures delivered by using a combination of audio visual aids are more appreciated by the students. Furthermore, the lecture should be constructed in a fashion so as to enable the students to gather factual information easily and in a concise manner. Teachers should note that the students preferred a combination of visual aids and were interested in taking notes during lectures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.8031 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 36-40
Formative Evaluation of Ontology Learning Methods for Entity Discovery by Using Existing Ontologies as Reference Standards
Authors: Mitchell K. J. , Chapman W. W. , Savova G. K. , Sioutos N. , Rubin D. L. , Crowley R. S. , Liu K. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjective: Developing a two-step method for formative evaluation of statistical Ontology Learning (OL) algorithms that leverages existing biomedical ontologies as reference standards.Methods: In the first step optimum parameters are established. A ‘gap list’ of entities is generated by finding the set of entities present in a later version of the ontology that are not present in an earlier version of the ontology. A named entity recognition system is used to identify entities in a corpus of biomedical documents that are present in the ‘gap list’, generating a reference standard. The output of the algorithm (new entity candidates), produced by statistical methods, is subsequently compared against this reference standard. An OL method that performs perfectly will be able to learn all of the terms in this reference stand ard. Using evaluation metrics and precision-recall curves for different thresholds and parameters, we compute the optimum parameters for each method. In the second step, human judges with exper tise in ontology development evaluate each candidate suggested by the algorithm con figured with the optimum parameters previously established. These judgments are used to compute two performance metrics developed from our previous work: Entity Suggestion Rate (ESR) and Entity Acceptance Rate (EAR).Results: Using this method, we evaluated two statistical OL methods for OL in two medical domains. For the pathology domain, we obtained 49% ESR, 28% EAR with the Lin method and 52% ESR, 39% EAR with the Church method. For the radiology domain, we obtain 87% ESA, 9% EAR using Lin method and 96% ESR, 16% EAR using Church method.Conclusion: This method is sufficiently general and flexible enough to permit comparison of any OL method for a specific corpus and ontology of interest.
Introduction à la psychosociologie du travail
Authors: Lhuilier Dominique 
Published: May 2013

La psychosociologie du travail ne peut être une psychosociologie appliquée à la scène du travail, celui-ci étant entendu alors seulement comme un segment de la vie sociale. Elle implique une réévaluation du cadre théorique et méthodologique de la psychosociologie sous le prisme des concepts d’activité, d’action et de praxis. Pour ce faire, elle n’a pas à rompre avec ses antécédents mais à les revisiter pour les développer. Nous présenterons dans un premier temps les fondements de la psychosociologie du travail que nous cherchons à développer ainsi que les ressources théoriques mobilisées. Dans un deuxième temps, nous préciserons comment et pourquoi le travail est au fondement de la construction du sujet et des unités sociales. Enfin, nous traiterons de trois des enjeux essentiels du travail dans cette conceptualisation : les processus d’humanisation et de subjectivation par l’expérience des limites, le travail comme institution et comme organisation, et enfin la construction du sens du travail dans ses liens avec le travail de culture.
L'ergologie et la psychosociologie du travail : inconfort intellectuel, intersections conceptuelles et travail en commun
Authors: Moreira Cunha Daisy 
Published: May 2013

L’article présente les origines, les principaux concepts, la méthode et les méthodologies de l’ergologie et de la psychosociologie du travail. Par des cheminements différents, les deux perspectives théoriques et méthodologiques montrent des zones d’intersection fertiles pour un possible travail en commun : a) la posture épistémologique sous-jacente selon laquelle il n’est pas possible de construire des connaissances sur le travail sans que les protagonistes du travail y collaborent dans des dispositifs et des approches méthodologiques spécialement élaborés à cette fin et b) par une approche multidisciplinaire, interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire. Une étude sur le travail des femmes de ménage, payées à la journée, est présentée comme terrain de convergence et de confrontation conceptuelles et méthodologiques, entre ces deux approches.
Travailler à la marge : reconnaître des « professions oubliées »
Authors: Sato Leny 
Published: May 2013

Dans cet article, nous nous centrons sur le travail d’un segment considérable de travailleurs au Brésil, qui sont maintenus à la marge. Ce sont, surtout, des travailleurs dont le revenu est issu d’activités de travail non protégées par le rapport salarié (il s’agit d’activités non régulées par l’État) et, dans ce sens, ce sont des travailleurs précarisés. À partir de la constatation selon laquelle l’expression « travail informel » est largement utilisée pour qualifier ces situations, nous avons identifié des textes qui situent l’historicité du terme et qui problématisent son usage. Finalement, nous montrons qu’en déplaçant le regard et les analyses vers la vie quotidienne, nous pouvons être en mesure de reconnaître la singularité et les réelles conditions des métiers qui se trouvent dans cette sphère, des métiers qui, selon João do Rio, sont des « professions oubliées ».
L'attrait de la fonction publique pour les jeunes Brésiliens : quelles significations ?
Authors: Carreteiro Teresa Cristina 
Published: May 2013

Cet article comporte trois axes. Dans le premier nous analysons brièvement la place du monde du travail sur la scène contemporaine. Le deuxième fait état de certaines des conclusions d’une recherche portant sur deux générations dont le but était de comparer les trajectoires de travail de parents et de leurs enfants. La troisième partie est consacrée à un axe principal de la recherche : l’option pour le service public. Nous soulignons l’importance de cette option qui semble correspondre aux attentes actuelles de nombreux jeunes.
De l'alcoolisme à l'abstinence : le choc biographique comme rupture symbolique
Authors: Zanna Omar , Pentecouteau Hugues 
Published: May 2013

Nous proposons de rendre compte d’une recherche menée pendant deux ans dans le milieu des Alcooliques anonymes. Parmi l’ensemble des AA rencontrés, la plupart font référence à plusieurs facteurs étroitement mêlés pour expliquer leur changement radical d’habitude et de vision du monde. Cela dit, l’analyse du matériel recueilli a rapidement révélé que ce changement radical était en réalité à considérer comme le fruit d’un processus complexe qui ne peut se réduire à un événement spontané et individuel se produisant ex nihilo , comme beaucoup d’ AA semblent le penser. Pour ces personnes qui ont – après la rencontre avec les AA – rapidement arrêté de boire, l’abstinence s’apparente à une forme d’« insight » – c’est-à-dire la découverte soudaine de la solution à un problème qui fait naître brusquement un cheminement radicalement différent. Or, l’arrêt de boire est un processus qui nécessite tout un cheminement en amont et en aval de la rencontre avec les AA . Pour rendre compte de ce processus, nous avons fait le choix de nous intéresser à un « cas », parmi d’autres : Camille. Camille est un AA âgé de 80 ans, abstinent depuis plus de trente ans. En optant pour le récit biographique, il s’agit de partir d’une histoire personnelle afin d’y repérer un cheminement classique. Se concentrer sur un cas extrême de changement d’être-au-monde permet de mettre en saillance les éléments du processus du devenir que l’on retrouve dans d’autres cas d’alcoolo-dépendance. L’analyse en profondeur d’un cheminement ou d’un phénomène livre exactement les mêmes aperçus que ceux obtenus par l’analyse de faits relativement superficiels illustrant l’étendue d’un grand nombre de cheminements ou de phénomènes.
Psychiatric Complications of HIV Infection: An Overview
Authors: Giunta Brian , Hervey William , Klippel Cory , Obregon Demian , Robben Derek , Hartney Kimberly , di Ciccone Barbara Lubrano , Fernandez Francisco 
Published: May 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand the epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS.

2.
Identify the neuropsychiatric complications of HIV infection.

3.
Understand the treatment of the neuropsychiatric complications of HIV infection.

Since the AIDS epidemic began in the late 1970s, an estimated 1.1 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with AIDS.
1
Transmission risk factors include sexual behaviors in which virus-bearing body fluids make contact with the bloodstream through breaks in mucous membranes, intravenous drug use (IDU), or administration of transfusions or blood products infected with HIV. Occupational exposure is a risk factor for health professionals, police, fire, and rescue personnel.
Neuropathogenesis of Central Nervous System HIV Infection
Authors: McGuire Jennifer L. , Goodkin Karl , Douglas Steven D. 
Published: May 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand basic HIV structure and replication cycle.

2.
Describe basic neuropathogenesis of HIV.

3.
Discuss the potential role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a common and devastating complication of HIV infection, affecting up to 47% of HIV-seropositive individuals in the combination antiretroviral (cART) era.
1
Because HAND independently predicts non-central nervous system (CNS) morbidity and overall HIV mortality,
2
there is an urgent need to better understand these disorders to develop therapeutic approaches. However, HIV neuropathogenesis, HAND, and its related neuropathology, HIV-encephalitis (HIVE), are complex and incompletely understood. This article describes the current understanding of the basic virology and neuropathogenesis of HIV that contribute to HAND and HIVE.
Zen-Boeddhistiese selfloosheid as sentrale interteks van die Breytenbach-oeuvre
Authors: Sienaert M. 
Published: May 2013

The aim of this article is twofold:•	To postulate the Buddhist notion of selflessness as central to the art and writing of Breyten Breytenbach.•	To provide an overview of the philosophy this implies and of the way in which it offers a reading of the Breytenbach-oeuvre.The Buddhist concept of selflessness as expressed in the work of Breytenbach is by way of contrast firstly set against the background of the more familiar Western philosophical tradition, and then analysed within the context of Buddhist experiences such as Sunyata, Satori, Zazen and the Taoist principle of relativity to which it is inexorably linked. In doing so an attempt is made to fulfil a need that became apparent from discussions with colleagues and (post)graduate students: Although Zen -Buddhism in general has long been accepted as a primary intertext of the Breytenbach oeuvre, and although it is common practice to refer to notions such as Satori, Zazen and the Void when studying his work, it is not always clear in which way the Buddhist philosophy is pertinent to the creative process as such, be it that of creative writing or painting. To construe the presence of Buddhist terminology in the Breytenbach text as a mere tool for the unfolding of plot or as an attempt to define his writing as moralistic or mystical is an unfortunate misconception. In addition to the focus on Buddhist selflessness and the way in which it is reflected in Breytenbach’s work, this article therefore offers some suggestions on the way in which an understanding of Buddhist principles can serve as elucidation of the nature of the Breytenbach oeuvre and the creative experience as such.
Die ouderdommetafoor vanuit ’n kognitlewe vertrekpunt
Authors: Pauw M. A. 
Published: May 2013

A cognitive approach to metaphors concerning old age Old age is a universal experience. Poets in general and certain Afrikaans poets in particular use imagination and metaphor to understand and interpret the experience of old age and approaching death. To understand one domain of experience in terms of another we need metaphor which unites reason and imagination. The purpose of this article is to apply the cognitive approach to disclose the main conceptual domains which act as source domains and are projected onto the target domain of old age. The resulting metaphors describe the experience of old age and its physical and psychological infirmities and decay. The poet as abstract author, but also the reader, creatively and imaginatively recognize a schema in a new situation and contrive metaphorical connections between various conceptual structures. Thus a metaphorical expression links two or more domains of experience. Structures from two or more input source domains are projected onto a separate “blended” space, which inherits structure partially from the inputs, and has emergent structure of its own. It is argued that creativity shows rationality and structure. The examples reveal that the path, cycle and time domains are the more important source domains for the old age metaphors. The metaphors do not only describe the authors' emotions on experiencing old age, but also create emotions in the reader. The conclusion arrived at is that language is inextricably entrenched in our cognitive make-up, as illustrated by the various metaphors conveying the experience of old age.
Effect of air pollution on daily morbidity in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Khwaja Haider A. , Fatmi Zafar , Malashock Daniel , Aminov Zafar , Kazi Ambreen , Siddique Azhar , Qureshi JahanZeb , Carpenter David O. 
Published: May 2013

Levels of daily particulates (PM2.5) were monitored at two sites in Karachi, Pakistan. One site (Korangi) is an industrial and residential neighborhood, while the other (Tibet Center) is a commercial and residential area near a major highway. Monitoring was done daily for a period of six weeks during spring, summer, fall and winter. Particulate levels were extraordinarily high, with the great majority of days falling into the “unhealthy for sensitive groups” or “very unhealthy” categories. The mean PM2.5 levels in Karachi exceeded the WHO's 24 h air quality guideline almost every day and often by a factor of greater than 5-fold. Daily emergency room (ER) visits and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases were obtained by review of medical records at three major tertiary and specialized hospitals. ER and hospitalizations were reported relative to days in which the concentration of PM2.5 was less than 50 μg/m3, and by 50 μg/m3 increments up to 300 μg/m3. There were statistically significant elevations in rates of hospital admissions at each of the PM2.5 categories at the Korangi site, and at concentrations >150 μg/m3 at the Tibet Center site. ER visits were significantly elevated only at PM2.5 concentrations of between 151 and 200 μg/m3 at both sites. These results show that the extremely elevated concentrations of PM2.5 in Karachi, Pakistan are, as expected, associated with significantly elevated rates of hospital admission, and to a lesser extent, ER visits for cardiovascular disease.