bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAUST
Authors: Maureira M. J. , Pineda J. E. , Liu H. B. , Testi L. , Segura-Cox D. , Chandler C. , Johnstone D. , Caselli P. , Sabatini G. , Aikawa Y. , Bianchi E. , Codella C. , Cuello N. , Fedele D. , Friesen R. , Loinard L. , Podio L. , Ceccarelli C. , Sakai N. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Planets form in the disks surrounding young stars. The time at which the planet formation process begins is still an open question. Annular substructures such as rings and gaps in disks are intertwined with planet formation, and thus their presence or absence is commonly used to investigate the onset of this process.
Aims. Current observations show that a limited number of disks surrounding protostars exhibit annular substructures, all of them in the Class I stage. The lack of observed features in most of these sources may indicate a late emergence of substructures, but it could also be an artifact of these disks being optically thick. To mitigate the problem of optical depth, we investigated substructures within a very young Class 0 disk characterized by low inclination using observations at longer wavelengths.
Methods. We used 3 mm ALMA observations tracing dust emission at a resolution of 7 au to search for evidence of annular substructures in the disk around the deeply embedded Class 0 protostar Oph A SM1.
Results. The observations reveal a nearly face-on disk (inclination ∼ 16°) extending up to 40 au. The radial intensity profile shows a clear deviation from a smooth profile near 30 au, which we interpret as the presence of either a gap at 28 au or a ring at 34 au with Gaussian widths of σ = 1.4−1.2+2.3 au and σ = 3.9−1.9+2.0 au, respectively. Crucially, the 3 mm emission at the location of the possible gap or ring is determined to be optically thin, precluding the possibility that this feature in the intensity profile is due to the emission being optically thick.
Conclusions. Annular substructures resembling those in the more evolved Class I and II disks could indeed be present in the Class 0 stage, which is earlier than suggested by previous observations. Similar observations of embedded disks in which the high-optical-depth problem can be mitigated are clearly needed to better constrain the onset of substructures in the embedded stages.
Indikationen zur Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung bei Kindern: Wohin geht die Reise?
Authors: Hirschfelder Anke , Mürbe Dirk 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Indikationen zur Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung (CI-Versorgung) von Kindern wurden in den letzten 30 Jahren schrittweise erweitert. Dies betrifft sowohl das Alter bei Implantation als auch die audiologischen Kriterien, die uni- oder bilaterale Versorgung, die Versorgung bei einseitiger Taubheit und von Kindern mit Mehrfachbehinderungen. Durch die Verbesserung des Hörerhalts und neue technische Entwicklungen ist zu erwarten, dass sich die Indikationsgrenzen auch in den kommenden Dekaden weiter verschieben.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrile Oxide to Thiocyanates: An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of N-Aryl-2-((3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)thio)acetamides
Authors: Nair Vipin A. , Radhakrishna Vamshikrishna Y. , Khatik Gopal L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn efficient and eco-friendly procedure was developed for the synthesis of N-aryl-2-((3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)thio)acetamides from N-aryl-2-thiocyanatoacetamides and substituted N-hydroxybenzimidoyl chlorides that were prepared easily from the commercially available anilines and aryl aldehydes, respectively. The N-aryl-2-thiocyanatoacetamide acts as a dipolarophile while the nitrile oxide formed in situ from substituted N-hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride acts as the nucleophilic partner in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction mediated by triethylamine base in ethanol medium. The procedure affords excellent yields of desired products containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups on the aromatic rings, in short reaction time with ease of operation. The procedure for the synthesis of scaffolds that are potentially valuable for their biological properties also offers the possibility of scale-up to higher quantities.
How vulnerable are people to victimisation of County Lines drug dealing?
Authors: Fawell Lilly , Davies Joseph L. , Stubbings Daniel , Payne Libby 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study examined how willing a non-probability sample of adults were to engage in hypothetical activities typical of County Lines, and whether involvement could be predicted by perceived risk factors. Of the 101 participants; 48% were willing to engage in activities that could lead to cuckooing, 63% to a coffee meet up, 50% to transferring money, 32% would accept free drugs, 56% would pay off a friend’s debt, whereas only 1% were willing to engage in the control scenario (a phone scam). Actual occurrences of these scenarios were also documented and occurred in approximately 1% of the sample. Males and people with greater drug use scores were more likely to endorse engagement in a County Lines scenario involving drugs, whilst greater drug use scores were only associated with a lower risk of a County Lines scenario involving lending money to a friend. Our findings suggest that drug use may predict endorsement to engage in some County Lines scenarios. However, given a small non-probability sample was used in the current study, further development of methodologies to capture the likelihood to engage in County Lines activities are needed.
Salt induced slowdown of kinetics and dynamics during thermal gelation of egg-yolk
Authors: Anthuparambil Nimmi Das , Timmermann Sonja , Dargasz Michelle , Retzbach Sebastian , Senft Maximilian D. , Begam Nafisa , Ragulskaya Anastasia , Paulus Michael , Zhang Fajun , Westermeier Fabian , Sprung Michael , Schreiber Frank , Gutt Christian 
Published: August 2024

We investigated the effect of the NaCl concentration (0.3–2M) on the structure and dynamics of hen egg yolk at room temperature and during thermal gelation at temperatures in the range of 66–90 °C utilizing low-dose x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy in ultra-small angle x-ray scattering geometry. With an increase in the salt concentration, we observe progressive structural and dynamic changes at room temperature, indicating the disruption of yolk components such as yolk-granules and yolk-plasma proteins. Temperature- and salt-dependent structural and dynamic investigations suggest a delay in the gel formation and aggregation of yolk low-density lipoproteins with increasing ionic strength. However, the time–temperature superposition relationship observed in all samples suggests an identical mechanism underlying protein aggregation–gelation with a temperature-dependent reaction rate. The sol–gel transition time extracted from kinetic and dynamic information follows Arrhenius’s behavior, and the activation energy (460 kJ/mol) is found to be independent of the salt concentration.
The current state of sustainable healthcare in Australia
Authors: Verlis Krista , Haddock Rebecca , Barratt Alexandra 
Published: August 2024

Objective To provide the first document map of sustainability and decarbonisation actions across the Australian healthcare sector, as reported in publicly available documents online, and to identify gaps in actions. Methods Healthcare providers were identified across all state and territories. Structured Google searches between August and December 2022 were followed by document searches. Updates were undertaken, most recently in December 2023. Targeted documents included position statements, strategies, and reports. Key points from these documents pertaining to sustainability and/or decarbonisation were extracted and descriptively analysed. Results A total of 294 documents were included, mostly focused on power generation, transport, building design, and circular procurement/waste pathways. In contrast, relatively few plans for decarbonisation of clinical care were identified (n = 42). National and two state governments (New South Wales, Western Australia) have established healthcare sustainability and decarbonisation units, and two further states have publicly committed to doing so (Queensland, Tasmania). However, these documents generally reported separate, siloed actions. While attempts were made to make this review comprehensive, some documents may have been missed or are only available inside an organisation, and new actions will continue to emerge. Conclusion Broad sustainability plans have been developed by many healthcare providers; however, to achieve net zero, decarbonising of clinical practices is also needed, and this is where the least action is currently occurring. To decarbonise clinical care, the sector needs to come together in a more coordinated way.
Machine learning assisted optical diagnostics on a cylindrical surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Stefas D , Giotis K , Invernizzi L , Höft H , Hassouni K , Prasanna S , Svarnas P , Lombardi G , Gazeli K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study explores combining machine learning (ML) algorithms with standard optical diagnostics (such as time-integrated emission spectroscopy and imaging) to accurately predict operating conditions and assess the emission uniformity of a cylindrical surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD). It is demonstrated that these optical diagnostics can provide the input data for ML which identifies peculiarities associated with the discharge emission pattern at different high voltage waveforms (AC and pulsed) and amplitudes. By employing unsupervised (principal component analysis (PCA)) and supervised (multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks) algorithms, the applied voltage waveform and amplitude are predicted based on correlations/differences identified within large amounts of corresponding data. PCA allowed us to effectively visualise patterns related to the voltage waveforms and amplitudes applied to the SDBD through a transformation of the spectroscopic/imaging data into principal components (PCs) and their projection to a two-dimensional PCs vector space. Furthermore, an accurate prediction of the voltage amplitude is achieved using the MLP which is trained with PCs. A particularly interesting aspect of this concept involves examining the uniformity of the emission pattern of the discharge. This was achieved by analysing spectroscopic data recorded at four different regions around the SDBD surface using the two ML algorithms. These discoveries are instrumental in enhancing plasma-induced processes. They open avenues for real-time control, monitoring, and optimization of plasma-based applications across diverse fields such as flow control for the present SDBD.
Automatic identification and classification of surface defects in small-sized optics
Authors: Zhang Fanshu , Yi Dingrong , Kong Linghua , Zheng Jishi , Yuan Tao , Chen Siling 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Precision optics are widely used in lighting systems, imaging systems, and high-precision inspection equipment. The presence of surface defects in optics can seriously affect the design performance of the equipment, so the optics must be rigorously inspected to eliminate defective optics. Currently, engineering products are moving toward smaller sizes, resulting in smaller optics in them also moving towards smaller sizes. However, realizing the surface defect detection of small-sized optics is a great challenge because it requires micrometer-scale high-resolution image acquisition and automatic detection of defects on their surfaces. A machine learning-based automatic surface defect detection method is proposed for surface defects with many types and small sizes. A dark-field micro-scattering imaging system is used to acquire dark-field images. Then the image segmentation and feature analysis are performed on each image to extract the original feature data, and the original feature data are compressed by reliefF algorithm. Based on the compressed feature data, a classification model is built using a support vector machine. The detection method can classify three kinds of defects, namely, dig, scratch, and scuff mark. The accuracy of the method is up to 98%. The experimental results of this study show that the method can automatically and accurately detect a wide range of micro defects occurring in small-sized optics, thus providing valuable insights into the realization of mass production of small-sized optics. In addition, our proposed method provides some ideas for further research in the field of defect detection in small-sized optics.
Comprehensive study of an eccentric universal joint for parallel coordinate measuring machine
Authors: Bai Yang , Yu Yang , Xu Zhenbang , Han Chunyang , Hu Haifei , Wang Jianli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Eccentric universal joint (U-joint) is a crucial component extensively used in parallel coordinate measuring machines. The workspace and stiffness are significant characteristics that can directly affect the measurement performance of the mechanism. To investigate the eccentric U-joint’s workspace, a mathematical model has been developed based on the geometrical parameters. The analysis explores the correlation between workspace and geometric specifications and compares the workspace of the eccentric U-joint with that of the traditional U-joint. Furthermore, a stiffness model for the eccentric U-joint is established, and its stiffness is analyzed using the finite element method. Finally, an experiment is designed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model. The research lays the foundation for an engineered system that designs the desired eccentric U-joint.
Sub-micro-g resolution test of accelerometers based on tilt dynamic modulation in gravity field
Authors: Pan Yuyao , Yang Jianyu , Yang Jing , Jiang Haiyi , Chen Xingfan , Li Nan , Liu Cheng , Hu Huizhu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Strategic-grade accelerometers play a pivotal role in various application fields and fundamental research. As the performance of accelerometers are improving rapidly, the requirements for test method have been raised. However, due to the influence of environmental noise, the test facility for accelerometers, especially when the resolution reaches sub-μg level, remains a challenge. To address this limitation, this study introduces a resolution test facility based on tilt modulation in gravity field, driven by piezoelectric ceramic stacks. The input acceleration ranges from 30ng to 10 μg, and the frequency is adjustable from 0.01 Hz to 20 Hz. Since the input acceleration oscillates at certain frequency, modulation & demodulation technology enables us to extract ultra weak signal out of relatively noisy background. With this facility, we test the resolution of commercial strong motion accelerograph, quartz flexure accelerometers, and homemade accelerometer based on levitated optomechanics, proving the reliability of this method. Our advancement in test method lay solid foundation for strategic-grade accelerometers, not only provides a minimal resolution test solution in the ng to μg range, but also provides a possible scheme of evaluating dynamic response characteristic with an ultra-low acceleration input in a considerable frequency range.
Enhancement of second-order vortex harmonics in epsilon-near-zero materials
Authors: Jiang Yu , Zhang Chaojin , Du Henglei , Liu Chengpu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When a spatially-inhomogeneous vortex laser field irradiating an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material is theoretically investigated, second-order vortex harmonics occur due to the symmetry breaking from the field spatial-inhomogeneity. Their signal intensity is sensitive to three factors: the ENZ field enhancing ratio, the ENZ material thickness, and the field inhomogeneity degree. Their competition supports a high conversion efficiency of around 10−6 for second-order harmonics from the incident fundamental laser field under an optimum thickness of ENZ materials.
Photoelectric conversion performance of Ga0.47In0.53As/Ge0.79Sn0.21 dual-junction thermophotovoltaic cell
Authors: Li Qianying , Cui Min , Yu Tianjing , Liu Xiangrui , Deng Jinxiang , Gao Hongli , Yuan Anjuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on the photovoltaic characteristics of GeSn-based materials and the theory of stacked solar cells, Ga0.47In0.53As/Ge0.79Sn0.21 dual-junction thermophotovoltaic cell has been simulated and studied for the first time. According to existing experimental material parameters, the structure of the cell is optimized, and the photoelectric performance of the cell is profoundly studied. The findings indicate that the doping concentrations of the top/bottom cell are N
a(d),t/N
a(d),b = 50(7) × 1016/17(2) × 1019 cm−3, which exhibits superior photoelectric conversion performance. For reducing material consumption and achieving high performance, the thickness of the emitter (base) of the top/bottom cell can be selected as 0.8~2.0(2.0~4.0)/0~0.2(1.0~4.0) μm (T
BB = 1500 K). With radiator temperatures increasing, the conversion efficiency of the cell significantly improves, and the open circuit voltage of the cell can reach 0.70~0.91 V (1000~2000 K). The research results can guide the design and fabrication of high-efficiency and economical GeSn-based multi-junction thermophotovoltaic cells, and can also provide a new research and development direction for low-cost thermophotovoltaic cells.
Phase structure evolution and coercivity mechanism of high-Co containing permanent magnets
Authors: Huang 黄 Min 敏 , Ding 丁 Yong 勇 , Zhao 赵 Zhihe 之赫 , Wang 王 Chunguo 春国 , Zhou 周 Bo 波 , Liu 刘 Lei 雷 , Sun 孙 Yingli 颖莉 , Yan 闫 Aru 阿儒 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The phase structure and magnetic properties of high-Co containing permanent magnets with high thermal stability have been systematically studied in this work. It is abnormal that the coercivity of annealed samples was slightly lower than that of sintered samples, while the coercivity was usually enhanced after annealing in conventional Nd–Fe–B samples. Further analysis showed that in addition to RE2(Fe,Co)14B main phase and RE-rich grain boundary phase, there were also new Co-rich magnetic phases located in the grain boundary. During annealing, the phase structures of high-Co containing magnets were readjusted, especially the increasing Co-rich magnetic phase and emerging RE-rich particles precipitated from the main phase. Eventually, the isolated RE-rich particles would act as the pinning center of the domain wall movement in demagnetization process. It was confirmed that the coercivity of annealed high-Co containing magnets was controlled by both nucleation and pinning. Pinning mechanism can partially compensate for the weakening of magnetic isolation due to increased Co-rich magnetic phase, which explained the moderate decrease in coercivity of annealed high-Co containing magnets. The discovery of new coercivity mechanism contributed to in-depth understanding of high-Co containing magnets.
Achievable hole concentration at room temperature as a function of Mg concentration for MOCVD-grown p-GaN after sufficient annealing
Authors: Huang Siyi , Ikeda Masao , Zhang Feng , Zhang Minglong , Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Shuming , Liu Jianping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Relationship between the hole concentration at room temperature and the Mg doping concentration in p-GaN grown by MOCVD after sufficient annealing was studied in this paper. Different annealing conditions were applied to obtain sufficient activation for p-GaN samples with different Mg doping ranges. Hole concentration, resistivity and mobility were characterized by room-temperature Hall measurements. The Mg doping concentration and the residual impurities such as H, C, O and Si were measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, confirming negligible compensations by the impurities. The hole concentration, resistivity and mobility data are presented as a function of Mg concentration, and are compared with literature data. The appropriate curve relating the Mg doping concentration to the hole concentration is derived using a charge neutrality equation and the ionized-acceptor-density [

] (cm−3) dependent ionization energy of Mg acceptor was determined as

= 184 − 2.66 × 10−5 × [

]1/3 meV.
Review of the SiC LDMOS power device
Authors: Hu Ziwei , Yao Jiafei , Li Ang , Sun Qi , Li Man , Yang Kemeng , Zhang Jun , Chen Jing , Zhang Maolin , Guo Yufeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC), as a third-generation semiconductor material, possesses exceptional material properties that significantly enhance the performance of power devices. The SiC lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor (LDMOS) power devices have undergone continuous optimization, resulting in an increase in breakdown voltage (BV) and ultra-low specific on-resistance (R
on,sp). This paper has summarized the structural optimizations and experimental progress of SiC LDMOS power devices, including the trench-gate technology, reduced surface field (RESURF) technology, doping technology, junction termination techniques and so on. The paper is aimed at enhancing the understanding of the operational mechanisms and providing guidelines for the further development of SiC LDMOS power devices.
Tip air injection and plasma DBD actuator as active flow control in axial compressors - Review
Authors: Toledo M , Vazquez E , León F F , Orduño R O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, flow control is extensively studied in fluid dynamic domain, and the principal aim is to manipulate the flow path that passes over a surface to reduce losses generated by turbulent flow, generated by detachment. The Flow control involves passive or active methods, and for approximately thirty years, active flow control methods have been studied and developed in axial compressors more intensively, active flow control methods are those in which energy is added to the fluid through an external source. The flow control reduces losses generated by secondary flow effects, such as flow detachment at rotor tip, flow detachment at casing and flow detachment at stator vanes hub. The present paper provides a summary of investigation of active flow control methods tip air injection and plasma actuators.
Attitude Control for a satellite with inertial wheels based on Attractive Ellipsoids Method
Authors: Solis Cesar U. , Montelongo Carlos M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article presents a robust control law based on the Attractive Ellipsoids Method applied to perform attitude control of a satellite that has inertial wheels and relatively small dimensions such as microsatellites or other similar architectures. The novelty lies in the fact that under certain characterized external and parametric perturbations it is possible to track the desired angular trajectory with an optimization method to determine the computed torque. Additionally, a demonstration of this methodology is carried out with a numerical example.