bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to Basics: Implementing Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs health care transitions from volume‐based care to value‐based care, it is imperative that perioperative nurses implement evidence‐based practices that support effective care. Implementing evidence‐based practice is a challenge but improves patient outcomes, standardizes care, and decreases patient care costs. Understanding how care interventions work and how to implement them is important to compete in today's health care market. This “Back to Basics” article discusses how to identify, review, and appraise research; make recommendations to implement new practices; evaluate the outcomes of the implementations; and make necessary changes to facilitate evidence‐based practice.
Guideline Implementation: Preoperative Patient Skin Antisepsis
Authors: Cowperthwaite Liz , Holm Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPerforming preoperative skin antisepsis to remove soil and microorganisms at the surgical site may help prevent patients from developing a surgical site infection. The updated AORN “Guideline for preoperative skin antisepsis” addresses the topics of preoperative patient bathing and hair removal, selection and application of skin antiseptics, and safe handling, storage, and disposal of skin antiseptics. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to help perioperative personnel develop protocols for patient skin antisepsis. The key points include the need for the patient to take a preoperative bath or shower and the need for perioperative personnel to manage hair at the surgical site, select a safe and effective antiseptic for the individual patient, perform a safe preoperative surgical site prep, and appropriately store skin antiseptics. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Associations between child and sibling levels of vigorous physical activity in low-income minority families
Authors: Liu Gilbert C. , Wiehe Sarah E. , Aalsma Matthew C. 
Published: December 2014

Background and objectives:
A child’s level of habitual physical activity is partly determined by a familial component, but the literature is limited regarding sibling influences. Multiple studies suggest that targeting siblings is an effective strategy for improving child health behaviors.

Patients and methods:
We analyze Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing (MTO) data to study associations between the odds of a child attaining 20 min or more of vigorous physical activity at least 3 days every week and parallel measures from an older sibling and a parent. We include covariates representing the social environment such as household income and neigh-borhood safety.

Results:
There were 1347 study units that consisted of a child (age 11.2 y ± 2.6), an older sib-ling (age 14.8 y ± 2.8), and a parent (age 38.3 y ± 7.5). A child’s odds of vigorous physical ac-tivity for 20 min or more was increased if the older sibling (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.32-2.11) or parent (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.08-1.72) had a comparable activity level compared to children whose older siblings or parents did not exhibit a comparable level of activity.

Conclusions:
A younger sibling’s level of physical activity is positively associated with an older sibling’s and/or parent’s level of physical activity. Family-based approaches, especially those incorporating siblings, may be effective at increasing physical activity in children.
Inadvertent puncture of the aortic noncoronary cusp during postoperative left atrial tachycardia ablation
Authors: Aras Dursun , Ozeke Ozcan , Cay Serkan , Ozcan Firat , Kara Meryem , Topaloglu Serkan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTransseptal catheterization has become part of the interventional electrophysiologist's technical armamentarium since the development of left atrial catheter ablation and percutaneous technologies for treating mitral and aortic valve disease. Although frequently performed, the procedure's most feared complication is aortic root penetration. Focal atrial tachycardia has been described as the most common late sequela of surgical valve replacements. We present a complicated case involving the inadvertent delivery of an 8 French sheath across the noncoronary cusp during radiofrequency catheter ablation for left atrial tachycardia originating from the mitral annulus in a patient with prior mitral valve replacement.
Prevention of Pressure Ulcers Among People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Groah Suzanne L. , Schladen Manon , Pineda Cynthia G. , Hsieh Ching‐Hui J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the literature on the effectiveness of bed and wheelchair positioning and repositioning in the prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs) in both the spinal cord injury (SCI) and non‐SCI populations.DesignSystematic review.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were queried with the subject heading terms “pressure sore,” “pressure ulcer,” “position or turn in bed, wheelchair,” “pressure relief,” and “pressure release.” All study design types that assessed the effectiveness of bed and wheelchair positioning and pressure relief maneuvers in any patient group and in any setting were sought. Three independent reviewers extracted and summarized details of eligible trials using a standardized method. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of each trial using the American Academy of Neurology guidelines. When reviewers were not able to reach consensus, a third independent reviewer served as tiebreaker.ResultsWe identified 2820 publications, of which 49 met inclusion criteria. Of these publications, the subject population was 2834 (923 persons with SCI, 717 persons without SCI, and 1194 healthy control subjects). Among studies examining pressure related to position or repositioning in bed or sitting, procedures for measuring skin pressure and metabolism were highly variable by anatomic location, measurement technique, outcome measure, study site, participant characteristics, and description of position/turning for bed and seated interventions. Numerous factors can influence tissue interface pressures, and no prospective studies had been performed to determine a causal relationship between interface pressure and skin breakdown. Several studies suggest that skin response to pressure differs between subjects with and without SCI. Conflicting results and insufficient evidence for optimal bed and seated positioning and turning and pressure relief maneuvers to prevent PUs in both SCI and non‐SCI populations were limiting factors.ConclusionsAlthough there is no clear optimal positioning or turning frequency in bed, the evidence suggests avoiding the 90° lateral position because of high pressures and PU risk over the trochanters. During sitting, pressures are linearly redistributed from the sitting area during recline and tilt; however, reclining carries with it an increased risk of shear forces on this skin. The evidence does not support conclusive guidelines on positioning or repositioning techniques for PU prevention in bed or during sitting. We conclude that PU risk is highly individualized, with the SCI population at a higher risk, which demands flexible PU prevention strategies for bed/seated positioning and pressure relief maneuvers. Education has and will remain our most powerful ally to thwart this pervasive public health problem.
Best Practices for Surgically Implanting Acoustic Transmitters in Spotted Seatrout
Authors: Reese Robillard Megan M. , Payne Laura M. , Vega Robert R. , Stunz Gregory W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTechnological advances have made acoustic tracking of fish an effective means to collect unprecedented migration data. However, one must ensure that fish survive the surgical implantation and retain transmitters, and that their health and behavior are not adversely affected. We performed a laboratory study to examine the most effective surgery technique and suture material for implanting acoustic transmitters into Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus. Six treatment groups were used to investigate two ventral incision locations (midline and off‐midline) and three suture materials (braid, monofilament, and staples). Overall survival was high for all fish undergoing surgery (75% for surgical controls, and 74% for surgically implanted fish), suggesting that acoustic transmitter implantation can be very successful for Spotted Seatrout. However, female fish had significantly higher survival (85.7%) than male fish (41.2%). Surgery time ranged from 73 to 270 s, and our results suggest that for every second that the surgery time was reduced the odds of increasing survival are 1.5%. Moreover, the surgery process versus tagging material or incision location is the primary cause of mortality. Overall, there was no one treatment that showed distinct differences in survival and transmitter retention; however, for future telemetry studies using Vemco V13 transmitters with Spotted Seatrout, we recommend researchers (1) target fish greater than 425 mm TL, (2) minimize surgery time (preferably 160 s or less), and (3) use an off‐midline incision placement closed with two sutures using braid suture material. These techniques will help ensure successful field acoustic tracking studies by increasing the likelihood of Spotted Seatrout survival and transmitter retention. Finally, these methods have applicability to other fishes, particularly Sciaenids, with high potential for success.Received January 29, 2014; accepted September 9, 2014
Characterization of three putative xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolases in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Moriyama Takashi , Tajima Naoyuki , Sekine Kohsuke , Sato Naoki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (Xfp) is a key enzyme in the central carbohydrate metabolism in heterofermentative bacteria, in which enzymatic property of Xfps is well characterized. This is not the case in other microbes. The cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 possesses three putative genes encoding Xfp, all1483, all2567, and alr1850. We purified three putative Xfps as recombinant proteins. The results of gel filtration indicated that these proteins form homomultimer complex. All1483 and All2567 showed phosphoketolase activity, whereas Alr1850 did not show the activity. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that substrates, fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate, are cooperatively bound to enzymes positively and negatively, respectively.
The Economics of Collective Reputation: Evidence from the Wine Industry
Authors: Castriota Stefano , Delmastro Marco 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe use original data regarding the array of Italian winery coalitions (wine denominations) to analyze the economics and determinants of collective reputation. We first run a cross‐sectional analysis with 2008 data and the full set of control variables, then move to the dynamics of collective reputation with panel data analysis on a 30‐year time span (1978–2008). Group reputation is history‐dependent. In particular, past bad collective behavior increases the probability of being stuck in a “bad reputation trap.” Minimum quality standards and effective enforcement are fundamental drivers of group reputation. The relationship between group size and collective reputation is non‐linear: free entry may not be optimal due to free‐riding problems. Finally, institutional signals such as the wine classification system are useful because they can be used by consumers as easily available proxies for information that is much more difficult to acquire.
The Cyni framework for network inference in Cytoscape
Authors: Guitart-Pla Oriol , Kustagi Manjunath , Rügheimer Frank , Califano Andrea , Schwikowski Benno 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Research on methods for the inference of networks from biological data is making significant advances, but the adoption of network inference in biomedical research practice is lagging behind. Here, we present Cyni, an open-source ‘fill-in-the-algorithm’ framework that provides common network inference functionality and user interface elements. Cyni allows the rapid transformation of Java-based network inference prototypes into apps of the popular open-source Cytoscape network analysis and visualization ecosystem. Merely placing the resulting app in the Cytoscape App Store makes the method accessible to a worldwide community of biomedical researchers by mouse click. In a case study, we illustrate the transformation of an ARACNE implementation into a Cytoscape app.
Availability and implementation: Cyni, its apps, user guides, documentation and sample code are available from the Cytoscape App Store http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cynitoolbox
Contact: benno.schwikowski@pasteur.fr
CDvist: a webserver for identification and visualization of conserved domains in protein sequences
Authors: Adebali Ogun , Ortega Davi R. , Zhulin Igor B. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Summary: Identification of domains in protein sequences allows their assigning to biological functions. Several webservers exist for identification of protein domains using similarity searches against various databases of protein domain models. However, none of them provides comprehensive domain coverage while allowing bulk querying and their visualization schemes can be improved. To address these issues, we developed CDvist (a comprehensive domain visualization tool), which combines the best available search algorithms and databases into a user-friendly framework. First, a given protein sequence is matched to domain models using high-specificity tools and only then unmatched segments are subjected to more sensitive algorithms resulting in a best possible comprehensive coverage. Bulk querying and rich visualization and download options provide improved functionality to domain architecture analysis.
Availability and implementation: Freely available on the web at http://cdvist.utk.edu
Contact: oadebali@vols.utk.edu or ijouline@utk.edu
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Cognitive Performance in Older But Not Younger Adults
Authors: Hayes Scott M. , Forman Daniel E. , Verfaellie Mieke 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
Aging is associated with declines in executive function and episodic memory. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been associated with enhanced executive function in older adults (OA), but the relationship with episodic memory remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between CRF and cognition in young and OA and whether CRF mitigates age-related cognitive decline.

Methods:
Participants completed exercise testing to evaluate CRF (peak VO 2 ) and neuropsychological testing to assess cognition.

Results:
In OA, peak VO 2 was positively related to executive function, as well as to accuracy on an experimental face–name memory task and visual episodic memory. In young adults (YA), a relationship between peak VO 2 and cognition was not evident. High-fit OA performed as well as YA on executive function measures. On episodic memory measures, YA performed better than high-fit OA, who in turn performed better than low-fit OA.

Conclusions:
CRF is positively associated with executive function and episodic memory in OA and attenuates age-related cognitive decline. We provide preliminary support for the age-dependence hypothesis, which posits that cognition and CRF relationships may be most readily observed during lifetime periods of significant neurocognitive development.
Binary black hole accretion during inspiral and merger
Authors: Farris Brian D. , Duffell Paul , MacFadyen Andrew I. , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We present the results of 2D, moving mesh, viscous hydrodynamical simulations of accretion on to merging supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries. We include viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling, and simulate the transition from the ‘pre-decoupling’ epoch, where the inspiral time-scale is longer than the viscous time-scale, to the ‘post-decoupling’ epoch, where the inspiral time-scale is shorter than the viscous time-scale. We find that there is no abrupt halt to the accretion at decoupling, but rather the accretion shows a slow decay, with significant accretion well after the expected decoupling. Moreover, we find that the luminosity in X-rays is significantly higher prior to the merger, as orbital energy from the SMBH binary is converted to heat via strong shocks inside the cavity, and radiated away. Following the merger, the cavity refills viscously and the accretion rate relaxes to the Shakura–Sunyaev value, while the X-ray luminosity drops as the shocks quickly dissipate.
CC Sculptoris: Eclipsing SU UMa-type intermediate polar
Authors: Kato Taichi , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Oksanen Arto , Starr Peter , Henden Arne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe observed the 2014 superoutburst of the SU UMa-type intermediate polar CC Scl. We detected superhumps with a mean period of 0.05998(2) d during the superoutburst plateau and during three nights after the fading. During the post-superoutburst stage after three nights, a stable superhump period of 0.059523(6) d was detected. We found that this object is an eclipsing system with an orbital period of 0.058567233(8) d. By assuming that the disk radius in the post-superoutburst phase is similar to those in other SU UMa-type dwarf novae, we obtained a mass ratio of q = 0.072(3) from the dynamical precession rate of the accretion disk. The eclipse profile during outbursts can be modeled by an inclination of 80 $_{.}^{\circ}$6 ± 0 $_{.}^{\circ}$5. The 2014 superoutburst was preceded by a precursor outburst and the overall appearance of the outburst was similar to superoutbursts in ordinary SU UMa-type dwarf novae. We showed that the standard thermal-tidal instability model can explain the outburst behavior in this system and suggest that inner truncation of the disk by magnetism of the white dwarf does not strongly affect the behavior in the outer part of the disk.
Expansion of theHSFYgene family in pig lineages
Authors: Skinner Benjamin M , Lachani Kim , Sargent Carole A , Yang Fengtang , Ellis Peter , Hunt Toby , Fu Beiyuan , Louzada Sandra , Churcher Carol , Tyler-Smith Chris , Affara Nabeel A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAmplified gene families on sex chromosomes can harbour genes with important biological functions, especially relating to fertility. TheHSFYfamily has amplified on the Y chromosome of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa), in an apparently independent event to anHSFYexpansion on the Y chromosome of cattle (Bos taurus). Although the biological functions ofHSFYgenes are poorly understood, they appear to be involved in gametogenesis in a number of mammalian species, and, in cattle,HSFYgene copy number correlates with levels of fertility.We have investigated theHSFYfamily in domestic pigs, and other suid species including warthogs, bushpigs, babirusas and peccaries. The domestic pig contains at least two amplified variants ofHSFY, distinguished predominantly by presence or absence of a SINE within the intron. Both these variants are expressed in testis, and both are present in approximately 50 copies each in a single cluster on the short arm of the Y. The longer form has multiple nonsense mutations rendering it likely non-functional, but many of the shorter forms still have coding potential. Other suid species also have these two variants ofHSFY, and estimates of copy number suggest theHSFYfamily may have amplified independently twice during suid evolution. Given the association ofHSFYgene copy number with fertility in cattle,HSFYis likely to play an important role in spermatogenesis in pigs also.
Using Bayesian multilevel whole-genome regression models for partial pooling of estimation sets in genomic prediction
Authors: Technow Frank , Totir L. Radu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEstimation set size is an important determinant of genomic prediction accuracy. Plant breeding programs are characterized by a high degree of structuring, particularly into populations. This hampers establishment of large estimation sets for each population. Pooling populations increases estimation set size but ignores unique genetic characteristics of each. A possible solution is partial pooling with multilevel models, which allows estimating population specific marker effects while still leveraging information across populations. We developed a Bayesian multilevel whole-genome regression model and compared its performance to that of the popular BayesA model applied to each population separately (no pooling) and to the joined data set (complete pooling). As example we analyzed a wide array of traits from the nested association mapping maize population. There we show that for small population sizes (e.g., < 50), partial pooling increased prediction accuracy over no or complete pooling for populations represented in the estimation set. No pooling was superior however when populations were large. In another example data set of interconnected biparental maize populations either partial or complete pooling were superior, depending on the trait. A simulation showed that no pooling is superior when differences in genetic effects among populations are large and partial pooling when they are intermediate. With small differences, partial and complete pooling achieved equally high accuracy. For prediction of new populations, partial and complete pooling had very similar accuracy in all cases. We conclude that partial pooling with multilevel models can maximize the potential of pooling by making optimal use of information in pooled estimation sets.
Gibberellins Interfere with Symbiosis Signaling and Gene Expression and Alter Colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Takeda Naoya , Handa Yoshihiro , Tsuzuki Syusaku , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kawaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic plant-fungus interaction that confers great advantages for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enter the host root and form symbiotic structures that facilitate nutrient supplies between the symbionts. The gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones known to inhibit AM fungal infection. However, our transcriptome analysis and phytohormone quantification revealed GA accumulation in the roots of Lotus japonicus infected with AM fungi, suggesting that de novo GA synthesis plays a role in arbuscular mycorrhiza development. We found pleiotropic effects of GAs on the AM fungal infection. In particular, the morphology of AM fungal colonization was drastically altered by the status of GA signaling in the host root. Exogenous GA treatment inhibited AM hyphal entry into the host root and suppressed the expression of Reduced Arbuscular Mycorrhization1 (RAM1) and RAM2 homologs that function in hyphal entry and arbuscule formation. On the other hand, inhibition of GA biosynthesis or suppression of GA signaling also affected arbuscular mycorrhiza development in the host root. Low-GA conditions suppressed arbuscular mycorrhiza-induced subtilisin-like serine protease1 (SbtM1) expression that is required for AM fungal colonization and reduced hyphal branching in the host root. The reduced hyphal branching and SbtM1 expression caused by the inhibition of GA biosynthesis were recovered by GA treatment, supporting the theory that insufficient GA signaling causes the inhibitory effects on arbuscular mycorrhiza development. Most studies have focused on the negative role of GA signaling, whereas our study demonstrates that GA signaling also positively interacts with symbiotic responses and promotes AM colonization of the host root.