bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided FNAC with on‐site cytopathology improves adequacy and accuracy
Authors: Witt Robert L. , Sukumar V. Raman , Gerges Fady 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo demonstrate that surgeon‐performed fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results in a high percent of satisfactory FNAC results; the number of passes to obtain a satisfactory cytological result with on‐site cytopathological interpretation is reduced with ultrasound guidance (comparing FNAC with and without surgeon‐performed ultrasound guidance); and immediate triage for indeterminate thyroid nodules can be performed in one setting for molecular testing, potentially improving selection for surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort comparison.MethodsA cytopathologist is present for on‐site staining adequacy evaluation and molecular testing triage for indeterminate cytology. Overall cytological adequacy and number of passes required to obtain cytological adequacy for 200 consecutive patients are compared with a historical series of 100 consecutive patients from the same surgeon and cytopathologists without ultrasound guidance.ResultsThe percent of patients with an adequate FNAC with ultrasound guidance was 100%. The mean number of passes with and without ultrasound guidance was 1.7 and 4.0 (P < 0.001). Indeterminate FNACs (9%) were triaged to molecular alteration testing and gene expression classifier testing.ConclusionsSurgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided FNAC with an experienced cytopathologist present resulted in a cytologically adequate result in 100% of cases. Significantly fewer passes for a satisfactory result were achieved with ultrasound guidance. Indeterminate FNAC can be triaged for molecular testing in one patient visit, was required in only 9% of carefully selected patients, and improved patient selection for surgery. The percent of patients who went on to surgery was 24 of 200 (12%). The percent of patients who had malignancy was 18 of 24 (75%).Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1633–1636, 2015
Self‐assembled UCST‐Type Micelles as Potential Drug Carriers for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Huang Gang , Li Hao , Feng Shi‐Ting , Li Xiaoqiong , Tong Guoquan , Liu Jie , Quan Changyun , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chao , Li Ziping 
Published: February 2015

A methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylonitrile) (mPEG‐b‐P(AAm‐co‐AN)) amphiphilic copolymer exhibiting upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior is synthesized, and micelles from this copolymer are fabricated. It is found that the thermal responses of these micelles are tunable through balancing the hydrophobic/hydrophilic blocks in the copolymer. The size of the doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded micelles is dependent on the hydrophobic interaction as well as hydrogen bonding between polymer and drug molecules. As a proof of concept, the drug release behavior is studied in vitro, and the cumulative release of DOX increases at temperature above the UCST of blank micelles. 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays indicate that these polymers are non‐toxic towards human hepatic carcinoma cells (Bel 7402 cells) as well as human embryonic hepatocytes (L02 cells). DOX‐loaded micelles could effectively enter Bel 7402 cells in 2 h, and display much lower half inhibitory concentration compared with free DOX. These micelles may be exploited as a promising drug carrier for cancer therapeutics.
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Root‐flipped multiband refocusing pulses
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Lustig Michael , Grissom William A 
Published: February 2015

PurposeTo design low peak power multiband refocusing radiofrequency pulses, with application to simultaneous multislice spin echo MRI.Theory and MethodsMultiband Shinnar–Le Roux β polynomials were designed using convex optimization. A Monte Carlo algorithm was used to determine patterns of β polynomial root flips that minimized the peak power of the resulting refocusing pulses. Phase‐matched multiband excitation pulses were also designed to obtain linear‐phase spin echoes. Simulations compared the performance of the root‐flipped pulses with time‐shifted and phase‐optimized pulses. Phantom and in vivo experiments at 7T validated the function of the root‐flipped pulses and compared them to time‐shifted spin echo signal profiles.ResultsAveraged across number of slices, time‐bandwidth product, and slice separation, the root‐flipped pulses have 46% shorter durations than time‐shifted pulses with the same peak radiofrequency amplitude. Unlike time‐shifted and phase‐optimized pulses, the root‐flipped pulses' excitation errors do not increase with decreasing band separation. Experiments showed that the root‐flipped pulses excited the desired slices at the target locations, and that for equivalent slice characteristics, the shorter root‐flipped pulses allowed shorter echo times, resulting in higher signal than time‐shifted pulses.ConclusionThe proposed root‐flipped multiband radiofrequency pulse design method produces low peak power pulses for simultaneous multislice spin echo MRI. Magn Reson Med 75:227–237, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle pathology grade for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy biopsies
Authors: Statland Jeffrey M. , Shah Bharati , Henderson Don , Van Der Maarel Silvere , Tapscott Stephen J. , Tawil Rabi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: As we move toward planning for clinical trials in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a better understanding of the clinical relationship with morphological changes in FSHD muscle biopsies will be important for stratifying patients and understanding post‐therapeutic changes in muscle. Methods: We performed a prospective cross‐sectional study of quadriceps muscle biopsies in 74 genetically confirmed FSHD participants (64 with FSHD type 1 and 10 with FSHD type 2). We compared a 12‐point muscle pathology grade to genetic mutation, disease severity score, and quantitative myometry. Results: Pathology grade had moderate correlations with genetic mutation (rho = –0.45, P < 0.001), clinical severity score (rho = 0.53, P < 0.001), disease duration (rho = 0.31, P = 0.03), and quantitative myometry (rho = –0.47, P < 0.001). We found no difference in the frequency of inflammation between FSHD types 1 and 2. Conclusions: The pathology grade of quadriceps muscle may be a useful marker of disease activity in FSHD, and it may have a role in stratification for future clinical trials. Muscle Nerve 52: 521–526, 2015
W(h)ither human cardiac and body magnetic resonance at ultrahigh fields? technical advances, practical considerations, applications, and clinical opportunities
Authors: Niendorf Thoralf , Paul Katharina , Oezerdem Celal , Graessl Andreas , Klix Sabrina , Huelnhagen Till , Hezel Fabian , Rieger Jan , Waiczies Helmar , Frahm Jens , Nagel Armin M. , Oberacker Eva , Winter Lukas 
Published: February 2015

The objective of this study was to document and review advances and groundbreaking progress in cardiac and body MR at ultrahigh fields (UHF,B0≥ 7.0 T) with the goal to attract talent, clinical adopters, collaborations and resources to the biomedical and diagnostic imaging communities.This review surveys traits, advantages and challenges of cardiac and body MR at 7.0 T. The considerations run the gamut from technical advances to clinical opportunities. Key concepts, emerging technologies, practical considerations, frontier applications and future directions of UHF body and cardiac MR are provided. Examples of UHF cardiac and body imaging strategies are demonstrated. Their added value over the kindred counterparts at lower fields is explored along with an outline of research promises.The achievements of cardiac and body UHF‐MR are powerful motivators and enablers, since extra speed, signal and imaging capabilities may be invested to overcome the fundamental constraints that continue to hamper traditional cardiac and body MR applications.If practical obstacles, concomitant physics effects and technical impediments can be overcome in equal measure, sophisticated cardiac and body UHF‐MR will help to open the door to new MRI and MRS approaches for basic research and clinical science, with the lessons learned at 7.0 T being transferred into broad clinical use including diagnostics and therapy guiding at lower fields. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating Fine Motor Coordination in Children Who Are Not Ready for Handwriting: Which Test Should We Take?
Authors: de Vries Liesbeth , van Hartingsveldt Margo J. , Cup Edith H. C. , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden Maria W. G. , de Groot Imelda J. M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhen children are not ready to write, assessment of fine motor coordination may be indicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which fine motor test, the Nine‐Hole Peg Test (9‐HPT) or the newly developed Timed Test of In‐Hand Manipulation (Timed‐TIHM), correlates best with handwriting readiness as measured by the Writing Readiness Inventory Tool In Context‐Task Performance (WRITIC‐TP). From the 119 participating children, 43 were poor performers. Convergent validity of the 9‐HPT and Timed‐TIHM with WRITIC‐TP was determined, and test‐retest reliability of the Timed‐TIHM was examined in 59 children. The results showed that correlations of the 9‐HPT and Timed‐TIHM with the WRITIC‐TP were similar (rs = −0.40). The 9‐HPT and the complex rotation subtask of the Timed‐TIHM had a low correlation with the WRITIC‐TP in poor performers (rs = −0.30 and −0.32 respectively). Test‐retest reliability of the Timed‐TIHM was significant (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.71). Neither of these two fine motor tests is appeared superior. They both relate to different aspects of fine motor performance. One of the limitations of the methodology was unequal numbers of children in subgroups. It is recommended that further research is indicated to evaluate the relation between development of fine motor coordination and handwriting proficiency, on the Timed‐TIHM in different age groups. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Na‐induced efficiency boost for Se‐deficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Hao , Su Yue‐Shun , Wei Shih‐Yuan , Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Ho Wei‐Hao , Chang Chuan , Wu Yan‐Huie , Lin Chun‐Jun , Lai Chih‐Huang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAmong different process routes for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells, sufficient Se supply is commonly required to obtain high‐quality CIGS films. However, supplying extra Se increases the cost and the complexity. In this work, we demonstrate that extra Na incorporation can substantially increase efficiency of Se‐deficient CIGS solar cells, fabricated by sputtering from a quaternary CIGS target without extra Se supply, from 1.5% to 11.0%. The Se‐deficient CIGS device without extra NaF reveals a roll‐over I–V curve at room temperature as well as significantly reduced Jsc and fill factor at low temperatures. The electrical characteristics of Se‐deficient CIGS films are well explained and modeled by the low p‐type doping due to high density of compensating donors and the presence of deep defects possibly originating from the anti‐bonding levels of Se vacancies. The significant improvement after extra Na incorporation is attributable to the Na‐induced passivation of Se vacancies and the increased p‐type doping. Our result suggests that extra Na addition can effectively compensate the Se deficiency in CIGS films, which provides a valuable tuning knob for compositional tolerance of absorbers, especially for the Se‐deficient CIGS films. We believe that our findings can shine light on the development of novel CIGS processes, distinct from previous ones fabricated in Se‐rich atmosphere. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical and electrical characteristics of high‐efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple‐junction solar cell incorporated with InGaAs/GaAs QD layers in the middle cell
Authors: Ho Wen‐Jeng , Lee Yi‐Yu , Yang Guo‐Chang , Chang Chia‐Ming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study presents high efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple‐junction (3‐J) solar cells incorporated in the middle cell with layers of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition to achieve 33.5% conversion efficiency (η) under one‐sun AM 1.5 G illumination. We investigated the epitaxial structure and optical and electrical properties of InGaP/InGaAs/Ge 3‐J solar cells with and without layers of QDs. We then measured X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), optical reflectance, dark and photovoltaic current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, external quantum efficiency (EQE) response, and capacitance–voltage (C–V) as a function of frequency under dark and illuminated conditions at room temperature. The use of 50 pairs of In0.7Ga0.3As (QD)/GaAs (Barrier) QD structure produced an impressive 35% enhancement in EQE at wavelengths of 900–930 nm. This resulted in a short‐circuit current density of 15.43 mA/cm2, an open‐circuit voltage of 2.54 V, a fill factor of 84.7%, and a η of 33.5%. The 3‐J cell with the proposed layers of QDs also demonstrated a 1.0% absolute gain in efficiency compared with a reference cell without QDs. Our XRD, PL, and C–V results revealed that highly stacked InGaAs/GaAs QD layers of high quality can be grown with very little degradation in crystal quality and without the need for strain compensation techniques. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tellurium Sulfates from Reactions in Oleum and Sulfur Trioxide: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of TeO(SO4), Te4O3(SO4)5, and Te(S2O7)2
Authors: Logemann Christian , Bruns Jörn , Schindler Lisa Verena , Zimmermann Vanessa , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe reaction of K2TeO4 with fuming sulfuric acid (65 % SO3) in sealed glass ampoules at 250 °C led to colorless single crystals of TeO(SO4) [triclinic, P$\bar{1}$, Z = 8, a = 819.89(3) pm, b = 836.95(4) pm, c = 1179.12(5) pm, α = 82.820(2)°, β = 70.645(2)°, γ = 81.897(2)°, V = 753.11(6) × 106 pm3]. A horseshoe type [Te4O3] fragment is the basic motif in the layer structure of the compound. The [Te4O3] moieties are linked to infinite chains by further oxide ions. Monomeric [Te4O3] horseshoes are found in the crystal structure of Te4O3(SO4)5 [trigonal, P3221, Z = 3, a = 859.05(2) pm, c = 2230.66(7) pm, V = 1425.61(6) × 106 pm3], which was obtained from TeO2 and fuming sulfuric acid (65 % SO3) at 200 °C as colorless single crystals. By switching to neat SO3 as reaction medium colorless crystals of Te(S2O7)2 [P21/n, Z = 4, a = 1065.25(3) pm, b = 818.50(2) pm, c = 1206.27(3) pm, β = 102.097(1)°, V = 1028.40(5) × 106 pm3] form when ortho‐telluric acid, H6TeO6, is used as the tellurium source. The compound was reported previously, however, obviously with a wrong crystallographic description. In the crystal structure the tellurium atoms are coordinated by two chelating disulfate ions. Further Te–O contacts link the [Te(S2O7)2] units to an extended network.
A strain‐softening bar revisited
Authors: Gavrilov Serge N. , Shishkina Ekaterina V. 
Published: February 2015

We revisit, from the standpoint of the modern theory of phase transitions, the classical problem on stretching of a strain‐softening bar, considered earlier by Bažant, Belytschko et al. The known solution is singular and predicts localization of deformations at a single point (an interval with zero length) of the bar. We use the model of a phase transforming bar with trilinear stress‐strain relation and analytically consider the particular limiting case where the stiffness of a new phase inclusion in the phase‐transforming bar is much less than the stiffness of the initial phase. This allows us to construct a regular solution, which converges to the known singular solution in the limiting case of zero new phase stiffness.
The effect of physical activity on depression in adolescence and emerging adulthood: A growth‐curve analysis☆
Authors: McPhie Meghan L. , Rawana Jennine S. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examined the influence of physical activity on the trajectory of depression from adolescence through emerging adulthood (EA). Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Waves I to IV), latent growth curve modeling was performed to assess how physical activity and gender influenced depression across adolescence and EA. Higher levels of physical activity in mid‐adolescence were associated with lower levels of depression during mid‐adolescence and slower inclines and declines in depression over time. Boys had lower levels of depression in mid‐adolescence and slower inclines and declines in depression over time compared to girls. Findings provide evidence that current theories on understanding depression and mental health prevention programs may be enhanced by the inclusion of physical activity.
Prenatal exposure to a novel antipsychotic quetiapine: Impact on neuro‐architecture, apoptotic neurodegeneration in fetal hippocampus and cognitive impairment in young rats
Authors: Singh K.P. , Tripathi Nidhi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReports on prenatal exposure to some of the first generation antipsychotic drugs like, haloperidol, their effects on fetal neurotoxicity and functional impairments in the offspring, are well documented. But studies on in utero exposure to second generation antipsychotics, especially quetiapine, and its effects on fetal neurotoxicity, apoptotic neurodegeneration, postnatal developmental delay and neurobehavioral consequences are lacking. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of prenatal administration to equivalent therapeutic doses of quetiapine on neuro‐architectural abnormalities, neurohistopathological changes, apoptotic neurodegeneration in fetal hippocampus, and postnatal development and growth as well as its long‐lasting imprint on cognitive impairment in young–adult offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 24) were exposed to selected doses (55 mg, 80 mg and 100 mg/kg) of quetiapine, equivalent to human therapeutic doses, from gestation day 6 to 21 orally with control subjects. Half of the pregnant subjects of each group were sacrificed at gestation day 21 for histopathological, confocal and electron microscopic studies and rest of the dams were allowed to deliver naturally. Their pups were reared postnatally up to 10 weeks of age for neurobehavioral observations. In quetiapine treated groups, there was significant alterations in total and differential thickness of three typical layers of hippocampus associated with neuronal cells deficit and enhanced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the CA1 area of fetal hippocampus. Prenatally drug treated rat offspring displayed post‐natal developmental delay till postnatal day 70, and these young–adult rats displayed cognitive impairment in Morris water maze and passive avoidance regimes as long‐lasting impact of the drug. Therefore, quetiapine should be used with cautions considering its developmental neurotoxicological and neurobehavioral potential in animal model, rat.
Sense and Simplicity in Legal and Human Rights Co-Operation: A Case Study of Indonesia
Authors: COLBRAN Nicola 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDevelopment co-operation in the legal and human rights sector is challenging. It is political, nuanced, and involves multiple, often competing, stakeholders. Adding to this, significant time is spent determining suitable fields for co-operation, designing comprehensive programmes, and establishing robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Donors often strive for “ownership” of programmes with tangible results that justify ongoing co-operation. Amid this added complexity, it is easy to forget that good programmes are often simple, well-founded ones that set realistic goals and timeframes. Sense and simplicity can be overlooked. This article draws on lessons learned from personal experiences in two legal and human rights co-operation programmes in Indonesia to discuss six points at the heart of this concept of sense and simplicity. The points are not exhaustive, and are not always easy to implement in the face of political realities. They are a starting point, and stress the need to get back to basics when planning, implementing, and monitoring such programmes.
The View from Inside India’s Consumer Fora: Empowering the Few
Authors: MOOG Robert 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article explores one aspect of India’s attempts to address its access to justice dilemma through the establishment of district-level consumer fora. Data points are extracted from 1,400 cases nationwide to piece together a portrait of the input and output of these institutions. The data collected include: win/loss rates; time from filing to decision; presence of attorneys (and their effects on win/loss rates and time from filing to decision); amounts of damages and costs awarded; and types of cases filed. In the end, this sampling of cases, combined with observations and interviews, led to several broad conclusions—that access to justice is increased but not for the marginalized or poor; that the consumer fora are severely underused; and that they are highly localized institutions leaving significant discretion in the hands of forum Presidents to drive the process which greatly varies the effects on access to justice among districts.
A prehospital treat-and-release protocol for supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Minhas Rajan , Vogelaar Gregory , Wang Dongmei , Almansoori Wadhah , Lang Eddy , Blanchard Ian E. , Lazarenko Gerald , McRae Andrew 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common dysrhythmia treated in the prehospital setting. Emergency medical service (EMS) agencies typically require patients treated for SVT to be transported to the hospital. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact, paramedic adherence, and patient re-presentation rates of a treat-and-release (T+R) protocol for uncomplicated SVT.MethodsData were linked from the Alberta Health Services EMS electronic patient care record (EPCR) database for the City of Calgary to the Regional Emergency Department Information System (REDIS). All SVT patients treated by EMS between September 1, 2010, and September 30, 2012, were identified. Databases were queried to identify re-presentations to EMS or an emergency department (ED) within 72 hours of T+R.ResultsThere were 229 confirmed SVT patient encounters, including 75 T+R events. Of these 75 T+R events, 10 (13%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [7.4, 23]) led to an EMS re-presentation within 72 hours, and 4 (5%, 95% CI [2.1, 13]) led to an ED. All re-presentations were attributed to a single individual. After excluding 15 records that were incomplete due to limitations in the EPCR platform, 43 of 60 (72%) T+R encounters met all protocol criteria for T+R.ConclusionThe T+R protocol evaluated in this study applied to a significant proportion of patients presenting to EMS with SVT. Risk of re-presentation following T+R was low, and paramedic protocol adherence was reasonable. T+R appears to be a viable option for uncomplicated SVT in the prehospital setting.