bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'entre-deux temps du croire
Authors: Luca Nathalie 
Published: November 2013

À partir d’un exemple de croyance extrême : croire en un messie revenu, présent physiquement, le but de cet article est de comprendre par quels processus se fait et se défait la croyance. Des moments-clés de sa fabrication ont été retenus pour mettre en exergue des mécanismes cognitifs et sociaux ainsi que leurs dysfonctionnements, dans une perspective qui se veut généralisable. Deux rituels sont étudiés : le culte dominical footballistique d’une Église messianique sud-coréenne et son rite sexuel. Dans les deux cas, la notion de « cadre fictionnel » est mobilisée, qui permet de montrer le lien entre trois processus dynamiques inséparables : le croire, le jouer et le métaphoriser. Trois auteurs sont particulièrement sollicités à l’appui de cette démonstration : Gregory Bateson, Roberte Hamayon et Albert Piette.
Croire et douter, une perspective sociologique et pragmatique
Authors: Lamine Anne-Sophie 
Published: November 2013

Dans cette analyse sociologique, la croyance est envisagée comme un « croire en acte » et pas seulement comme l’assentiment à une proposition tenue pour vraie. L’article montre d’abord la pertinence du cadre pragmatiste pour traiter du croire (Dewey, Bernstein). Puis l’acte de croire et son rapport à l’incertitude sont successivement abordés selon trois modalités idéal-typiques : le croire comme aspiration (Simmel), le croire comme discipline de soi (Mahmood, Foucault) et le croire comme expérience d’être ensemble (Hervieu-Léger), modalités qui, dans la réalité, peuvent alterner ou se combiner chez une même personne. Les éléments empiriques relèvent de pratiques religieuses catholiques, évangéliques ou musulmanes. Les effets de l’intensification du croire sur le rapport à l’incertitude sont aussi discutés.
Croire ?
Authors: Lévy André 
Published: November 2013

Croire n’est pas la croyance. Celle-ci est une conviction, croire est un pari. Qui dit croire dit en même temps qu’il n’est pas sûr de ce qu’il croit. Entre la croyance et « croire », la différence n’est pas que quantitative, de degré de certitude. Croire est un acte de parole, la formulation par un sujet d’une hypothèse, d’une opinion. Aucune société, aucun projet collectif ne seraient en effet possibles sans être fondés sur des liens impliquant des rapports de confiance mutuelle. Entre un monde régi par des vérités éternelles et le scepticisme généralisé d’un monde robotisé, sous l’emprise de réalités virtuelles, il y aura toujours un espace pour le questionnement critique, pour la pensée libre, où croire cohabite avec le doute
Mal-être sur Internet
Authors: Schmid Nichols Nathalie 
Published: November 2013

Certains jeunes semblent investir l’interface Internet comme un journal intime où ils déposent leur mal-être, de manière parfois très préoccupante pour le lecteur. Ces messages ont-ils été adressés à un autre ? La réponse, à distance, qui leur est retournée peut-elle être considérée comme thérapeutique ? Si la communication par Internet peut jouer un rôle préventif au niveau de l’individu, d’un point de vue collectif, la publication des échanges entre professionnels et jeunes peut aider à transmettre au public que l’expression d’idées suicidaires doit toujours être prise au sérieux. Il revient au clinicien répondant de répercuter que c’est par la rencontre en présence et le partage d’affect que l’impasse d’appropriation traversée par l’adolescent en crise pourra véritablement être travaillée.
La prise en compte du risque indemnitaire par l'administration et les actions récursoires à l'égard de ses agents : le cas du ministère de la défense
Authors: Landais Claire 
Published: November 2013

Résumé	À travers ce témoignage, Claire Landais présente l’activité de la Direction des affaires juridiques du ministère de la défense, chargée notamment de gérer les dossiers contentieux à la suite de dommages causés par les agents et qui relèvent du juge administratif ou du juge judiciaire. Elle évoque la prise en compte du risque indemnitaire par cette direction, qui développe également le recours aux transactions pour éviter le contentieux indemnitaire. Les régimes de responsabilité sans faute apparaissent particulièrement importants en matière de défense mais subsistent encore des zones d’irresponsabilité. En outre, si le ministère de la défense fait bénéficier ses agents de la protection juridique à laquelle ils ont droit, les actions récursoires, en cas de faute personnelle non dépourvue de tout lien avec le service, sont effectivement mises en œuvre.
La responsabilité administrative en allemagne : comparaison avec le droit français à partir de quelques cas pratiques
Authors: Jacquemet-Gauché Anne 
Published: November 2013

Résumé	L’adoption d’une démarche originale de résolution de cas concrets selon le droit français et le droit allemand permet de mettre en exergue la manière dont la responsabilité de l’administration est engagée dans les deux États. La diversité des régimes est révélatrice d’approches théoriques différentes du droit de la responsabilité. Cette étude fait également ressortir certaines caractéristiques du droit allemand de la responsabilité, en montre les tendances contemporaines, les limites et les mérites au regard du droit français.
« On connaît la chanson » la responsabilité civile de l'administration publique au portugal
Authors: Pereira Da Silva Vasco 
Published: November 2013

Résumé	Cet article permet d’analyser la responsabilité administrative portugaise par référence au modèle français (en termes historiques et de droit comparé). Il s’agit en particulier d’étudier les constantes du système portugais tout au long de son histoire pour, finalement, préciser le régime juridique actuellement en vigueur en la matière et déterminé en 2008. La méthode suivie dans cette contribution consiste à revisiter le cas fondateur de l’arrêt	Blanco	, en le déplaçant au Portugal, puis, avec quelques adaptations, à chercher quelle solution juridique il connaîtrait en différents moments clefs de l’évolution du droit de la responsabilité administrative au Portugal. L’analyse aboutit alors à la conclusion que, malgré les changements et les améliorations apportés, les solutions évoluent mais les problèmes posés subsistent, qu’il s’agisse de la dualité de juridiction ou du droit applicable. « On connaît la chanson »...
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF SILICA- AND CARBON BLACK-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER IN THE PRESENCE OF EPOXIDIZED LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYMER
Authors: Saramolee P. , Sahakaro K. , Lopattananon N. , Dierkes W. K. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
This work investigates the effect of epoxidized low molecular weight natural rubber (ELMWNR) in silica- and carbon black-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds on processing and mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. The ELMWNRs with different mol% epoxide content were prepared from depolymerization of epoxidized NR using periodic acid in latex state to have a molecular weight in a range of 50 000–60 000 g/mol. Their chemical structures and actual mol% of epoxide were analyzed by 1H NMR. The ELMWNRs were added to the filled NR compounds as compatibilizers at varying loadings from 0 to 15 phr. The addition of ELMWNR decreases compound viscosity and the Payne effect, that is, filler–filler interaction, of the silica-filled compound. In the silica–silane compound and the compound with 28 mol% epoxide (ELMWNR-28), the compound viscosities are comparable. The optimal mechanical properties of silica-filled vulcanizates are obtained at the ELMWNR-28 loading of 10 phr. In contrast, the addition of ELMWNR to a carbon black-filled compound shows only a plasticizing effect. The incorporation of ELMWNR into NR compounds introduces a second glass transition temperature and affects their dynamic mechanical properties. Higher epoxide contents lead to higher loss tangent values of the rubber vulcanizates in the range of the normal service temperature of a tire.
Structural and Phylogenetic Profiles of Muscle Actins from Cephalopods
Authors: Y. Ochiai  , S. Watabe  , G. Wang  
Published: November 2013

Structural properties of cephalopod muscle actins have not been characterized in detail to date. Sequences of these actins have been determined by cDNA cloning from the arm muscles of four cephalopod species, namely, Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus, spear squid Loligo bleekeri, common cuttlefish Sepia esculenta, and common octopus Octopus vulgaris. The sequence identities of the deduced amino acid sequences among the cephalopod actins were around 98%, and the substitutions were mostly limited to Subdomains 1 and 3. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that cephalopod actins formed one cluster and were distinguishable from the bivalve counterparts. The modeled tertiary structure of squid actin was very similar to that of rabbit counterpart, but the structures of Subdomains 1 and 3 were slightly different.
Cheminement scolaire des élèves québécois originaires des Antilles : un double aperçu à partir de données quantitatives et qualitatives
Authors: Lafortune Gina , Balde Alhassane 
Published: November 2013

Cet article traite du cheminement scolaire d’élèves québécois originaires des Antilles en associant des données quantitatives et qualitatives. Les premières sont extraites de la base de données ministérielle sur les cohortes d’élèves du secondaire du secteur français de 1998-1999 et 1999-2000. Elles permettent de dresser le portrait de plus de 3 000 élèves originaires des Antilles selon leurs caractéristiques personnelles, leur processus de scolarisation, leurs taux de diplomation et de décrochage. Les secondes, tirées d’un terrain de recherche doctorale réalisé entre septembre 2010 et mars 2011, analysent les facteurs de réussite ou de vulnérabilité scolaires dans des trajectoires contrastées d’une dizaine d’élèves du secondaire d’origine haïtienne à Montréal. L’article permet d’observer des recoupements quant aux facteurs qui affectent significativement le cheminement scolaire de ces élèves, en grande majorité d’origine haïtienne.
Bistable effect of organic enrichment on sea spray radiative properties
Authors: Vaishya Aditya , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Bialek Jakub , Jennings S. Gerard , Ceburnis Darius , O'Dowd Colin D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrimary‐produced sea spray aerosol, typically comprising sea‐salt, but also enriched with organic matter (OM) in biologically active oceanic regions, impacts the global radiative budget through contributions to aerosol optical depth. We show that sea spray light‐scattering enhancement, f(RH), as a function of relative humidity (RH) is suppressed when enriched with OM. A new hygroscopic growth factor parameterization reveals a dual hygroscopicity state, flipping from high hygroscopicity and high f(RH) to low hygroscopicity and low f(RH) as the OM mixing volume percentage exceeds ~ 55% in sea spray. Under elevated wind speeds, this affects the Top‐of‐atmosphere direct radiative forcing (ΔF) by reducing the cooling contribution of sea spray by ~ 5.5 times compared to pure sea‐salt spray. These results suggest a positive feedback coupling between the marine biosphere, sea spray aerosol, and the direct radiative budget.
An energetic perspective on hydrological cycle changes in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Rasch Philip J. , Forster Piers M. , Andrews Timothy , Cole Jason N. S. , Irvine Peter J. , Ji Duoying , Kristjánsson Jón Egill , Moore John C. , Muri Helene , Niemeier Ulrike , Robock Alan , Singh Balwinder , Tilmes Simone , Watanabe Shingo , Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnalysis of surface and atmospheric energy budget responses to CO2 and solar forcings can be used to reveal mechanisms of change in the hydrological cycle. We apply this energetic perspective to output from 11 fully coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models simulating experiment G1 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), which achieves top‐of‐atmosphere energy balance between an abrupt quadrupling of CO2 from preindustrial levels (abrupt4xCO2) and uniform solar irradiance reduction. We divide the climate system response into a rapid adjustment, in which climate response is due to adjustment of the atmosphere and land surface on short time scales, and a feedback response, in which the climate response is predominantly due to feedback related to global mean temperature changes. Global mean temperature change is small in G1, so the feedback response is also small. G1 shows a smaller magnitude of land sensible heat flux rapid adjustment than in abrupt4xCO2 and a larger magnitude of latent heat flux adjustment, indicating a greater reduction of evaporation and less land temperature increase than abrupt4xCO2. The sum of surface flux changes in G1 is small, indicating little ocean heat uptake. Using an energetic perspective to assess precipitation changes, abrupt4xCO2 shows decreased mean evaporative moisture flux and increased moisture convergence, particularly over land. However, most changes in precipitation in G1 are in mean evaporative flux, suggesting that changes in mean circulation are small.
Thermal and Structural Characterization Behavior of Electron Beam Irradiated Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Youssef Hussain , Ali Zakaria , El‐Nemr Khaled , Bekhit Mohamad 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of electron beam irradiation on the structure, thermal, and morphological properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/clay and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/clay nanocomposites prepared by melt‐blending method has been investigated. The organomodified clay and irradiated rubber/clay samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). EDX and TGA data confirmed the modification of clay particles using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The XRD patterns of the as‐prepared nanocomposites showed an indication of the presence of exfoliated clay layers at lower clay content whereas a phase‐separated (agglomeration) of organomodified clay layers was present at higher clay content. XRD data of unmodified clay/EPDM composites (EPDM–CCs) indicated that the rubber chains are not intercalated into the silicate galleries, that is, unmodified clay particles are simply incorporated into EPDM matrix in agglomerated states. EPDM–CNs and SBR–CNs nanocomposites show an exfoliated and/or a mixture of intercalated/exfoliated structures at lower (3–5 phr) and higher (10 phr) clay contents, respectively. TGA studies showed that the organomodified clay/rubber nanocomposites show a higher thermal stability in comparison with the unmodified clay/rubber composites. The improvement in the thermal properties is attributed to the organomodification of clay particles as well as the intercalation of rubber chains within silicate layers. In addition, EPDM–CNs nanocomposites exhibit a higher thermal stability than EPDM–CNs nanocomposites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21396; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21396
Spectral and Thermal Behavior of Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines Cured Cardo Group Containing Multifunctional Epoxy Resin
Authors: Patel Jignesh P. , Parsania Parsotam H. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMultifunctional cardo epoxy resin (EBCF) was cured by using 3,3′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,4‐phenylenediamine, triethylamine, and diethylenetriamine as hardeners at 120°C for 15–60 min (gel time), and were post cured at 140°C for 80–90 min. Cured samples were found insoluble in common solvents. Cured and uncured EBCF are characterized by infrared spectral, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Kinetic parameters, namely order of degradation, energy of activation, frequency factor, and entropy change were determined according to Anderson–Freeman method and interpreted in the light of nature of hardeners used. Thermal data of cured and uncured EBCF revealed complex degradation kinetics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21398; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21398
Epoxy–Cyanate Ester Compositions as Matrixes for Tagging of Explosives
Authors: Večeřa Miroslav , Prokůpek Luboš , Machotová Jana , Šňupárek Jaromír , Husáková Lenka , Urbanová Iva , Akštein Zbyněk 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe current study is primarily focused on the possibility to utilize blends of epoxy and cyanate ester resins as thermal and mechanical resistant polymeric matrixes for tagging of explosives. The effects of cyanate ester resin content and epoxy resin type on mechanical and thermal properties of resulting materials have been investigated with the aim to find the optimum composition for the preparation of tagging elements. It has been shown that a composite material consisting of a brominated epoxy–cyanate ester matrix, an ultraviolet light active pigment, and a coding system represented by various metal oxides in a given ratio, and iron powder bearing ferromagnetic properties could be successfully applied for tagging of explosives. A positive identification of a given explosive comprising the tagging elements after detonation has been demonstrated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21399; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21399
Suitability of Screw Plasticization for Autosterile Injection Molding
Authors: Schönberger Markus , Hierl Franziska , Haerst Miriam , Wintermantel Erich 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTSingle use medical products are subject to subsequent sterilization treatment following manufacturing processes, for example, injection molding, to obtain sterility. A new approach is developed to use the injection‐molding process to produce sterilized products without an additional sterilization procedure. To achieve the aim of an autosterile injection molding, it is necessary to evaluate the sterilization impact of screw plasticization regarding sterile polymer melts before entering the injection mold cavity. Within this study, a screw plasticization unit is fed with defined contaminated polymer granules. Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores are used as challenge organisms to determine the sterility grade of screw plasticization. The investigation includes method verification and the experimental testing of polyoxymethylene, polyethylene, and cyclo‐olefin copolymer melts at different melt temperatures of 200°C and 280°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21403; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21403
Following Solid‐Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions by MAS NMR Spectroscopy in Liquid Phase—Zeolite‐Catalyzed Conversion of Cyclohexanol in Water
Authors: Vjunov Aleksei , Hu Mary Y. , Feng Ju , Camaioni Donald M. , Mei Donghai , Hu Jian Z. , Zhao Chen , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA microautoclave magic angle spinning NMR rotor is developed enabling in situ monitoring of solid–liquid–gas reactions at high temperatures and pressures. It is used in a kinetic and mechanistic study of the reactions of cyclohexanol on zeolite HBEA in 130 °C water. The 13C spectra show that dehydration of 1‐13C‐cyclohexanol occurs with significant migration of the hydroxy group in cyclohexanol and the double bond in cyclohexene with respect to the 13C label. A simplified kinetic model shows the E1‐type elimination fully accounts for the initial rates of 1‐13C‐cyclohexanol disappearance and the appearance of the differently labeled products, thus suggesting that the cyclohexyl cation undergoes a 1,2‐hydride shift competitive with rehydration and deprotonation. Concurrent with the dehydration, trace amounts of dicyclohexyl ether are observed, and in approaching equilibrium, a secondary product, cyclohexyl‐1‐cyclohexene is formed. Compared to phosphoric acid, HBEA is shown to be a more active catalyst exhibiting a dehydration rate that is 100‐fold faster per proton.
Synthesis of a DNA Promoter Segment Containing All Four Epigenetic Nucleosides: 5‐Methyl‐, 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐, 5‐Formyl‐, and 5‐Carboxy‐2′‐Deoxycytidine
Authors: Schröder Arne S. , Steinbacher Jessica , Steigenberger Barbara , Gnerlich Felix A. , Schiesser Stefan , Pfaffeneder Toni , Carell Thomas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA 5‐formyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine (fdC) phosphoramidite building block that enables the synthesis of fdC‐containing DNA with excellent purity and yield has been developed. In combination with phosphoramidites for 5‐methyl‐dC, 5‐hydroxymethyl‐dC, and carboxy‐dC, it was possible to prepare a segment of the OCT‐4 promoter that contains all four epigenetic bases. Because of the enormous interest in these new epigenetic bases, the ability to insert all four of them into DNA should be of great value for the scientific community.
High‐Yield Electrochemical Production of Formaldehyde from CO2 and Seawater
Authors: Nakata Kazuya , Ozaki Takuya , Terashima Chiaki , Fujishima Akira , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe catalytic, electrocatalytic, or photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into useful chemicals in high yield for industrial applications has so far proven difficult. Herein, we present our work on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in seawater using a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode under ambient conditions to produce formaldehyde. This method overcomes the usual limitation of the low yield of higher‐order products, and also reduces the generation of H2. In comparison with other electrode materials, BDD electrodes have a wide potential window and high electrochemical stability, and, moreover, exhibit very high Faradaic efficiency (74 %) for the production of formaldehyde, using either methanol, aqueous NaCl, or seawater as the electrolyte. The high Faradaic efficiency is attributed to the sp3‐bonded carbon of the BDD. Our results have wide ranging implications for the efficient and cost‐effective conversion of CO2.
Biosorptive distillations to purify isopropanol: improvements over the current process in terms of energy consumption and exergy
Authors: Sun Jinsheng , Wang Wenping , Wang Pei , Luo Xubo , Shi Ming , Gao Hong , Ren Xiaojing 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe removal of water from certain organic solvents via ordinary distillation requires several equilibrium stages if the organics are sufficiently concentrated, because the equilibrium curve for isopropanol–water is near the operating line, whereas acetone–water mixtures form a tangent pinch. In contrast, biosorption is only competitive when small quantities of adsorbate are removed. To overcome the drawbacks of both ordinary distillation and biosorption, a biosorptive distillation process was suggested for purifying 99.7 wt% isopropanol from a feed containing small amounts of water. Adsorption/regeneration experiments were conducted to investigate the breakthrough time and reusability of the adsorbent. The Ritchie equation, which fits the adsorption experimental data well, was embedded into the modified process simulation. Most of the water was removed via the adsorption part, which reduced its influence on the distillation. Compared to current commercial process, biosorptive distillation leads to a 25.4% reduction in the total energy and an overall exergy loss of 28.9% relative to absorbent regeneration. Furthermore, less than 1 year is required to recover the additional investment of the modified process. The proposed process can be both environmentally friendly and energy efficient. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.