bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pop manifestos and nosebleed art rock: What have post-punk bands achieved?
Authors: Mankowski Guy 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
‘Post-punk’ has been defined in a variety of ways. Some commentators view it primarily as a reaction to punk, with distinct musical features. Others debate whether its organizing principle can even be found in a stylistic unity. Ryan Moore has described how punk responded to a ‘condition of postmodernity’. In his view, postmodernism represented an ‘exhaustion of totalizing metanarratives’. Within this context punk used bricolage to ‘turn signs and spectacles against themselves, as a means of waging war on society’. For the purposes of this piece post-punk is broadly considered a response to punk’s response to postmodernism. This article addresses how manifestos came to be used in various examples of post-punk music. It uses, as a starting point, Julia Downes’ description of musical manifestos in riot grrrl as a ‘key way to define … ideological, aesthetic and political goals’. A series of chronological case studies investigate the key components and aesthetics of the post-punk manifesto, which include the use of lists, itemization and direct second-person address. Given Simon Reynolds’ view that post-punk ‘tried to make politics and pop work together, but failed’, this article examines whether the goals of post-punk manifestos were at all achieved. Were manifestos in the main, promotional or self-motivating exercises? Do recent ‘post-punk’ manifestos, such as those by the band Savages, both acknowledge and move beyond the limitations of earlier models, to increasingly alter how people consume music?
Structure, function, evolution and application of bacterial Pnu-type vitamin transporters
Authors: Jaehme Michael , Slotboom Dirk Jan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMany bacteria can take up vitamins from the environment via specific transport machineries. Uptake is essential for organisms that lack complete vitamin biosynthesis pathways, but even in the presence of biosynthesis routes uptake is likely preferred, because it is energetically less costly. Pnu transporters represent a class of membrane transporters for a diverse set of B-type vitamins. They were identified 30 years ago and catalyze transport by the mechanism of facilitated diffusion, without direct coupling to ATP hydrolysis or transport of coupling ions. Instead, directionality is achieved by metabolic trapping, in which the vitamin substrate is converted into a derivative that cannot be transported, for instance by phosphorylation. The recent crystal structure of the nicotinamide riboside transporter PnuC has provided the first insights in substrate recognition and selectivity. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge about the function, structure and evolution of Pnu transporters. Additionally, we will highlight their role for potential biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
Surface plasmon coupled emission as a novel analytical platform for the sensitive detection of cysteine
Authors: Mulpur Pradyumna , Kurdekar Aditya , Podila Ramakrishna , Rao Apparao M. , Kamisetti Venkataramaniah 
Published: February 2015

Abstract Thiolated amino acids are biologically important molecules due to their role in protein folding and structure. One such molecule is cysteine (Cys) which acts as a biomarker for diseases like Cancer, HIV, Sepsis, etc. making its rapid detection imperative and essential. In this study, we report the sensitive detection of the thiolated amino acid Cys, from the non-thiolated amino acid arginine (Arg), using the novel Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission (SPCE) platform, characterized with high signal to noise ratios. Our studies were performed on the conventional silver (Ag) SPCE substrate, where Cys was detected to a nanomolar level which is a major improvement to the previously reported level of sensitivity. This can be attributed to the highly sensitive SPCE platform and the unique thiol-Ag interactions associated specifically with Cys. We have also shown the role and influence of the coating process on sensitivity of detection, and substantiated the advantages of SPCE over the SPR based strategy of detection. The simplistic and economical SPCE platform enabled the sensitive detection of Cys that is of biological and medical relevance.
Employing Emotion Cues to Verify Speakers in Emotional Talking Environments
Authors: Shahin Ismail 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsually, people talk neutrally in environments where there are no abnormal talking conditions such as stress and emotion. Other emotional conditions that might affect people’s talking tone include happiness, anger, and sadness. Such emotions are directly affected by the patient’s health status. In neutral talking environments, speakers can be easily verified; however, in emotional talking environments, speakers cannot be easily verified as in neutral talking ones. Consequently, speaker verification systems do not perform well in emotional talking environments as they do in neutral talking environments. In this work, a two-stage approach has been employed and evaluated to improve speaker verification performance in emotional talking environments. This approach employs speaker’s emotion cues (text-independent and emotion-dependent speaker verification problem) based on both hidden Markov models (HMMs) and suprasegmental HMMs as classifiers. The approach is composed of two cascaded stages that combine and integrate an emotion recognizer and a speaker recognizer into one recognizer. The architecture has been tested on two different and separate emotional speech databases: our collected database and the Emotional Prosody Speech and Transcripts database. The results of this work show that the proposed approach gives promising results with a significant improvement over previous studies and other approaches such as emotion-independent speaker verification approach and emotion-dependent speaker verification approach based completely on HMMs.
Building an NCAA men’s basketball predictive model and quantifying its success
Authors: Lopez Michael J. , Matthews Gregory J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractComputing and machine learning advancements have led to the creation of many cutting-edge predictive algorithms, some of which have been demonstrated to provide more accurate forecasts than traditional statistical tools. In this manuscript, we provide evidence that the combination of modest statistical methods with informative data can meet or exceed the accuracy of more complex models when it comes to predicting the NCAA men’s basketball tournament. First, we describe a prediction model that merges the point spreads set by Las Vegas sportsbooks with possession based team efficiency metrics by using logistic regressions. The set of probabilities generated from this model most accurately predicted the 2014 tournament, relative to approximately 400 competing submissions, as judged by the log loss function. Next, we attempt to quantify the degree to which luck played a role in the success of this model by simulating tournament outcomes under different sets of true underlying game probabilities. We estimate that under the most optimistic of game probability scenarios, our entry had roughly a 12% chance of outscoring all competing submissions and just less than a 50% chance of finishing with one of the ten best scores.
Normale und anomale Absorption von Röntgen-Strahlen in Germanium und Silicium/Normal and anomalous absorption of X-rays in Germanium and Silicon
Authors: Hildebrandt G. , Stephenson J. D. , Wagenfeld H. 
Published: February 2015

A brief discussion of G. Molière's generalized dynamical theory is given with respect to the interpretation of the experimental data|χ⊥
ig/χi0 |obtained by means of the Borrmann effect.
In order to compare theory and experiment photoelectric absorption cross sections for Silicon and Germanium have been calculated over the X-ray energy range from 5 to 25 keV. Linear absorption coefficients measured by us and other authors agree with theory within a few per cent.
Taking the Debye-Waller factor into account, the same theoretical data have been used to calculate |χ⊥
ig/χi0 | for Ge and Si. The agreement with extensive measurements of the Borrmann effect in Ge is very good in most cases. The experiments presented in this paper confirm the existence of the electric quadrupole transitions within the photoelectric effect.
Microwave Spectrum and Quadrupole Coupling Constants of 2-Chlorothiophene
Authors: Mjöberg J. , Ljunggren S. 
Published: February 2015

The microwave spectra of the two chlorine isotopic species of 2-chlorothiophene have been measured in the region 26 500 - 40 000 MHz.
For both isotopic species, the rotational constants of the ground state and one vibrationally excited state were determined, as well as the centrifugal distortion coefficients of the ground state.
From the hyperfine splitting of the rotational lines, the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants were calculated. The values in MHz are for 35Cl:
and for 37Cl: χaa= -74.77 ±0.05, χbb=37.51 ± 0.17, χcc=37.25 ± 0.18
χaa= -58.98 ±0.09, χbb=29.55 ± 0.26, χcc=29.43 ± 0.28
in the principal-axes system of the molecule.
Selbstdiffusion in geschmolzenem LiCl / Self-Diffussion in Molten LiCl
Authors: Lenke R. , Uebelhack W. , Klemm A. 
Published: February 2015

Self-diffusion measurements on molten LiCl in the temperature range 610 °C ≦ ϑ ≦ 760 °C, obtained with a capillary-reservoir technique, result in the expressions
D+ = [10.6 + 0.0307 ϑ - 610) ±0.81 × 10-5cm2/s,
D_ = [ 5.8 + 0.0117 ϑ - 610) ±0.3] × 10-5cm2/s.
These results fit well into the pattern of the other alkali halides. As with these, it is observed that (D + /R T) + (D_/R T) - (Λ/F2) >0, the difference increasing with rising temperature.
Electronegativity and Electron Affinity
Authors: Hooydonk G. Van 
Published: February 2015

Various consequences of the supposition that the value of the resonance integral βAB depends on the nature of the bond are evaluated within the framework of the simple Hückel method. The resulting equation for βAB in function of the polarity 1 of the AB bond is:
βAB =(1-I2)-½ [C+(½) ∫ (αA-αB)dI]
where αX is the Coulomb integral. A solution is proposed corresponding with βAB = βAA ·βBB)½. Further elaboration then suggests that the simple Hückel method in this form is in favour of the ionic approximation to chemical bonding. The Coulomb integral turns out to be the electron affinity, which must now be considered as the electronegativity of elements when forming chemical bonds.
Ansiotropy of the Diffusion Coefficient in Nematic Liquid Solutions Measured by NMR Techniques
Authors: Krüger G. J. , Spiesecke H. 
Published: February 2015

A gradient coil has been constructed for exact relative measurements of the longitudinal (Dʟ) and transverse (Dᴛ) diffusion coefficients of nematic liquid crystals and of small molecules dissolved therein.
Some small molecules dissolved in the nematic phase of Licristal IV showed a Dʟ/Dᴛ ratio varying from about 1.1 to 1.25, depending on the concentration. In contrast, tetramethylsilane dis­solved in p-methoxy-benzylidene-p'-n-butyl-aniline showed no anisotropy in the nematic phase.
die Streuung von Rontgen-Strahlen an Kristallen mit statistisch verteilten Defekten / On the Scattering of X-rays from Crystals Containing a Random Distribution of Defects
Authors: Trinkaus Helmut 
Published: February 2015

The static correlation function governing elastic scattering of X-rays or neutrons by a defective crystal is discussed for three degrees of imperfections, that is for slight, severe, and medium distortions of the scattering crystal. In the exponent of this correlation function the main term, which is linear in the defect concentration, is shown to be fairly independent of the particular type of statistics describing the random distribution of the defects.
One condition for a successful analysis of defect structures using diffuse scattering data is that the scattering function can be split into the individual contributions of all single defects. For two regions, that is for the immediate vicinity of Bragg reflections (Huang scattering) and for the asymptotic regions of distortion scattering, this "single-defect approximation" is shown to be useful even for higher concentrations. In this case the correlations due to a single defect have to be corrected by a factor which takes into account the average correlation reduction by all other defects (static Debye-Waller factor in the Huang regions and a similar but variable factor in the asymptotic regions).
The formulas given in this paper are applied to the sacttering by isotropic crystals containing point defects of spherical symmetry.
Partial Structure Factors of Liquid Na—K and AI—Mg Alloys
Authors: Waseda Y. , Ohtani M. , Suzuki K. 
Published: February 2015

Three partial structure factors Sij(Q) have been evaluated from the scattered X-ray intensities of liquid Na -K and Al - Mg alloys assuming that the Sij(Q) are independent of the relative abundance of the respective elements in the alloys. The functions Sii(Q) and Sjj(Q) and the reduced radial distribution functions Gii(r) and Gjj(r) obtained in this work are very similar to those observed in the respective pure liquid metals. In both cases, Sij(Q) and Gij(r) have maxima which lie in between those of the pure elements. From these results, liquid Na -K and Al -Mg alloys are interpreted as random mixing fluids.
A comparison between the partial structure factors obtained in this work and those calculated from the hard sphere model was made. Adequate agreement was obtained on the low angle side of the first peak, but agreement on the whole pattern is not necessarily found. The electrical resistivity was calculated using Faber-Ziman’s theory and compared with experimental data.
Hyperfeinstruktur von AlCl und AlBr / Hyperfine Structure of AlCl and AlBr
Authors: Hoeft J. , Törring T. , Tiemann E. 
Published: February 2015

The quadrupole hyperfine structure of 27Al79Br of the rotational transition J = 0 → 1 was measured. We obtained the following quadrupole coupling constants:
eq0 Q (27Al) = -27.90 (50) MHz,
eq0 Q (79Br) = +78.78 (20) MHz .
The hyperfine structure of the rotational transition J = 1 → 2 of 27Al35Cl, measured by Lide, was reassigned and the fit of the spectrum resulted in the molecule parameters:
e q0 Q(27Al) = -29.8 (50) MHz ,
e q0 Q(35Cl) = - 8.6 (10) MHz .
Das Temperaturverhalten der Phosphoreszenz und Fluoreszenz von K3CrF6 / The Temperature Dependence of Phosphorescence and Fluorescence in K3CrF6
Authors: Koglin E. 
Published: February 2015

The luminescence behaviour of crystalline K3CrF6 is measured in the temperature range from 100 °K to 4.2 °K. The complex shows a very strong, broad fluorescence emission at temperatures lower than 20 °K. additionally also the phosphorescence transition can be observed. At temperatures higher than 20 °K only fluorescence is measured. The 2E→4A2-transition does not split suggesting Oh-site symmetry.
Excitation- and luminescence spectra at 4.2 °K are the basis for a calculation of the energy eigenvalues. The crystal field parameters are fitted by the experimental data. The vibrational sidebands of the electronic transitions 2E - 4A2 an 4T2
4A2 are compared with Raman- and IRresults. From the temperature dependence and measured vibrational frequencies the zero phonon transitions of fluorescence and phosphorescence can be found
The Conductance of the Alkali Halides
Authors: Petrella Giuseppe , Castagnolo Maurizio 
Published: February 2015

The conductometric behaviour, at 35 °C, of solutions of lithium chloride in sulfolane-methanol mixtures was investigated, the concentration of the salt ranging within 0.8 x 10-3 and 8 x 10-3 moles/l and the dielectric constant of the solvent within 42 and 30.
Using the Fuoss, Onsager and Skinner treatment, the parameters ⋀0 , αL, A and αA were calculated.
An increase of the Waiden products with the sulfolane content of the solution was observed as well as an non-coulomb behaviour of the association constant. Data are discussed and interpreted on the basis of ion transfer energies and the properties of the solute and the solvent mixtures.
Lattice Curvature in Nearly Perfect Silicon Crystals
Authors: Bubáková R. , Trousil Z. 
Published: February 2015

Deviations from Friedel's law in the case of anomalous transmission of X-rays have been estimated in as-grown silicon crystals.
The results of measurements on a double crystal spectrometer agree with the dynamical theory of elastically deformed crystals. Using this theory, we have obtained information about growth deformation in crystals containing a small number of dislocations or in dislocation-free ones. Radii of curvature of crystal lattice planes of the order of km, orientation differences of the order of 0.1" and relative changes of lattice constants of the order of 10-3% have been estimated.
Dislocation loops were observed at the boundary between the dislocation-free and the distorted part of the crystal.
gJ-Faktor der Molekeln SnO und PbO und Anisotropie ihrer magnetischen Suszeptibilität / Molecular gJ-Factor and Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy of SnO and PbO
Authors: Honerjäger R. , Tischer R. 
Published: February 2015

The gJ-factor and the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy ξT have been measured for 120Sn18O and 208Pb16O in the vibrational state υ=0:

120Sn16O gJ= -0,14631 (38), ξT/h = 1844(18) Hz/kG2,

208Pb16O gJ= -0,16233 (39), ξT/h = 2598(18) Hz/kG2.
The molecular quadrupole moment Θ and the asymmetry of the electronic charge distribution 〈Σ(zi
2-xi
2)〉 are derived from the values of gJ, ξt , and the rotational constant B0.
ArHg+-Ions in the Mercury-Argon Low Pressure Discharge − Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Formation Process
Authors: Franck Günter 
Published: February 2015

The ion components of the mercury argon low pressure discharge are analysed with help of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Here we have found besides the main components Hg+ and Ar+ the diatomic ion-molecules Hg2
+, Ar2
+ and ArHg+. With a discharge current of 200 mA, argon pressure 0,2 torr and mercury vapour pressure 2.8·10-3 torr, the ion components are in the ratio
[Hg+] : [Ar+] : [ArHg+] : [Hg2
+] : [Ar2
+] = 1000:134:24:10:3 .
The ratios i(ArHg+) |i (Ar2
+), i (Ar+) |i (Hg+), i (Ar2
+) |I (Ar+), i (Hg2
+) |i (Hg+) of the effusing ion currents are measured as a function of mercury vapor pressure, discharge current and argon pressure. These measurements yield the following formation processes of ArHg+ and Ar2
+:

For the products of reaction rates k and lifetimes τArm, τAr* of the metastable and highly excited Ar-atoms, we get

kArHg+
·τArm= 61·10-16 cm3,

kAr2
+·τAr*= 1.1·10-16 cm3.
So the following cross sections are found:

σArHg+ = 5.8-10-15 cm2,

σAr2
+ = 3.6-10-15 cm .
One Dimensional Shock Refraction at a Plasma-cold Gas Interface
Authors: Gerofi J. , Messerle H. K. 
Published: February 2015

Refraction and reflection of a shockwave at a plasma/cold gas interface has been studied using an R.F. preheated section in an electrothermal shock tube. The gas used in the experiment was Argon at initial pressures from 10 to 30 Torr, with initial temperature of 9000 K.
A detailed numerical analysis of the refraction event has been undertaken using a method that does not require definition of an effective γ. Methods that do use such a γ are not accurate, except for very weak shocks. Because of short ionization times it has been possible to assume equilibrium behind the various shock waves. Calculations suggest that in the region of interest, reflected and refracted shock velocities depend primarily on initial shock velocity, slightly on initial plasma temperature and very weakly on initial pressure. The analysis covers initial temperatures of 6000 to 12 000 K and initial pressures of 10 to 50 Torr.
Calculations and experimental results are presented. These show that a step function discontinuity is a good approximation to the nature of the plasma cold gas interface in this situation.
Thermodynamische Zustandsgrößen von Alkalimetallplasmen und von deren Komponenten / Thermodynamic Properties of Alkali Metal Plasmas and of their Components
Authors: Reiter F. W. 
Published: February 2015

Thermodynamic functions of plasmas of alkali metals and of their components - diatomic molecules, atoms, simply charged ions and electrons - are calculated in the temperature range 298.15 °K -10000 °K. At this it is supposed, that the plasma is in thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium and in an ideal gas state.
The internal partition functions of the components of the plasmas are calculated by summation term by term up to characteristic quantum numbers. These characteristic quantum numbers are determined by graphic and calculating methods.
The thermodynamic functions of alkali metal plasmas and their components are discussed and compared with results calculated by approximative methods.
Berichte: Mach's Principle - A Critical Review
Authors: Reinhardt Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
After a short historical introduction it is discussed how far Mach's principle is incorporated into general relativity. The possible role of Mach's principle as a selection rule for the solutions of Einstein's field equations is summarized. Then follows a discussion of Math's principle in theories of gravitation other than Einstein's, mainly the Brans-Dicke theory. Finally the experiments on the isotropy of inertial mass and their consequence for Mach's principle are described. The conclusion is that Mach's principle, though an extremely stimulating thought, has at present little claim to be a basic physical principle.
Berechnung der Bandstrukturen nichtstöchiometrischer Vanadiumcarbide VCx / Band Structure Calculations on Nonstoichiometric Vanadium Carbides VCx
Authors: Neckel A. , Rastl P. , Schwarz K. , Eibler-Mechtler Renate 
Published: February 2015

Using the augmented-plane-wave (APW) method the electronic structure of stoichiometric vanadium carbide has been computed previously 1. Since only nonstoichiometric cubic phases of vanadium carbide are stable and all experiments are made with such samples, the energy bands have been determined for some nonstoichiometric VCx; phases (x = 0.87; 0.833; 0.79; 0.75) using the APW virtual crystal (VCA) approximation similar to Schoen’s work on TiO 7, 10. Our approach differs from his in two aspects: First, the potential is constructed from the self consistent potential of Ref. 1 instead of using atomic data. Thus, the important self consistent procedure is taken into account at least in an approximated form. Second, a more realistic scheme for occupying the states is suggested. Furthermore, an attempt is made to normalize the wave functions in order to obtain the charge distribution in the crystal.
The density of states and the partial densities of states corresponding to the quantum numbers n and l have been computed using an LCAO interpolation scheme. The different VCx phases show a fairly “rigid band structure” . The Fermi energy and the density of states at the Fermi level increase with decreasing carbon content. The calculated APW- as well as the LCAO-charge distribution indicate -in accordance with ESCA measurements 32 -that the charge-transfer from vanadium to carbon and the ionicity of VCx decrease with increasing vacancy concentration. The results of X-ray-emission and heat capacity measurements are discussed in terms of the APW-VCA results. Especially for the X-ray-emission data the agreement between theory and experiment is fair.