bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitional challenges: Psychotropic medication and residential setting among young adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Houseworth James , Tichá Renáta , Pettingell Sandra L. , Stancliffe Roger J. , Bershadsky Julie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are transitioning from the school systems and special education supports, many of them are moving into the adult service system (e.g., Vocational Rehabilitation, Home and Community‐Based Services). Thus, in addition to adolescence being a source of many psychological and behavioral needs, the change in service systems often leads to uncertainty and anxiety. Psychotropic medications tend to be used to treat challenging behavior and psychological conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, psychosis). This study used National Core Indicators‐In‐Person Survey 2020–2021 data to explore the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among two groups of people with IDD: disability service users of transition age (18–25 years) and disability service users of adult age (26–45 years) and the role of residential settings (where one lives) as related to psychotropic medication use. The results indicated that adults (aged 26–45 years) are more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medications. This appears to be driven by the larger number of transition‐aged adults who still live with family, where prescription rates are much lower. Psychotropic drug use is an important issue due to its potential to lead to unintended negative consequences that affect health, social inclusion, and self‐determination if not carefully and effectively administered.
Morphological analysis and lipid composition of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans salivary glands reinforce important features of feeding behaviour
Authors: Florencio Melissa , Oilveira Magalhães Francisco Romulo , Araujo Zuma Aline , Lima Oliveira Lugathe Cinara , Rosa Dayana , Riguete Karina , Machado Motta Maria Cristina , Alves do Nascimento Aparecida , Reis dos Santos Mallet Jacenir , Correa Atella Georgia , Fampa Patrícia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), the stable fly, is a hematophagous insect of great veterinary importance, because it is a mechanical vector of diverse pathogens in livestock. The saliva of blood‐feeding insects presents important pharmacologically active molecules that impair blood clotting, promote vasodilation and modulate the host immune system response, crucial processes for successful feeding. These properties also enable pathogens' transmission. In the present work, we describe an efficient protocol to dissect S. calcitrans salivary glands, their morphological characteristics and lipid profile. The mean length of the tubular gland is 3.23 mm with a bulbous posterior end and a narrow anterior end. Histological analysis revealed a monolayer of large polygonal epithelial cells with voluminous nuclei and high lipid content in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the epithelium is rich in mitochondria, free ribosomes, Golgi complex cisternae, presenting a great extension of rough endoplasmic reticulum that contains an electron‐dense material. Lipid analysis by thin‐layer chromatography showed that neutral fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine are predominant in the fly salivary glands. Lysophosphatidylcholine, an important signalling biomolecule involved in different metabolic processes, including host's immunomodulation and pathogens proliferation and differentiation, is also present.
Global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Qin Qinglian , Su Jinming , Liu Jie , Chen Rongfeng , Wei Wudi , Yuan Zongxiang , Lai Shiyi , Duan Ran , Lai Jingzhen , Ye Li , Liang Hao , Jiang Junjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFungal skin diseases are common skin diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal trends in the burden of fungal skin diseases at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.MethodsBased on the data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we described the incident cases, prevalent cases, number of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age‐standardised rates (ASRs) for fungal skin diseases in 1990 and 2021 by sex, age, socio‐demographic index (SDI), 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to assess the temporal trends in burden of fungal skin diseases during 1990 to 2021. Spearman's rank test was used to analyse the relationship between disease burden and potential factors.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases worldwide increased by 67.93%, 67.73%, and 66.77%, respectively. Globally, the age‐standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardised prevalence rate (ASPR), and age‐standardised DALYs rate (ASDR) for fungal skin diseases in 2021 were 21668.40 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 19601.19–23729.17), 7789.55 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 7059.28–8583.54), and 43.39 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 17.79–89.10), respectively. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR for fungal skin diseases have modestly increased, with AAPC of 11.71% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.03%–12.39%), 19.24% (95% CI: 18.12%–20.36%), and 20.25% (95% CI: 19.33%–21.18%), respectively. Males experienced a higher burden of fungal skin diseases than females. The incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases were highest at the age of 5–9, while the ASRs were highest among the elderly. At national level, the highest ASRs were observed in Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Mali. Overall, SDI was negatively correlated with the ASRs, whereas Global Land‐Ocean Temperature Index (GLOTI) was remarkably positively correlated with the burden of fungal skin diseases.ConclusionsBetween 1990 and 2021, the global burden of fungal skin diseases has increased, causing a high disease burden worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped regions and among vulnerable population such as children and the elderly. With global warming and aging of the population, the burden of fungal skin diseases may continue to increase in the future. Targeted and specific measures should be taken to address these disparities and the ongoing burden of fungal skin diseases.
The relationship between dietary sugar consumption and anxiety disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Xin , Wong Agassi Chun Wai , Sheng Ziyue , Wong Samuel Yeung‐Shan , Yang Xue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐sugar intake is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, but less is known about its role in anxiety disorders. This systematic review aimed to systematically synthesise and assess the existing evidence regarding the association between dietary sugars intake and anxiety disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycArticles and APA PsycINFO was conducted up to 19th August 2022. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Eleven studies (10 cross‐sectional and 1 randomised controlled trial [RCT]) were included. Seven cross‐sectional studies had very good quality or good quality, and the quality of the RCT was at low risk of bias. These studies examined sugar‐sweetened beverages (n = 7), sugar‐sweetened foods (n = 4) and/or added sugar (n = 5). The findings suggest a possible positive relationship of added sugar consumption with anxiety disorders, with age as a potential moderator in such association. No conclusions can be drawn on the associations between sugar‐sweetened beverages, sugar‐sweetened foods consumption and anxiety disorders. Due to the included studies being mostly cross‐sectional, the conclusions drawn from the existing evidence should be interpreted with caution. The longitudinal design is warranted to investigate any causal relationship and the potential mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous results. The potential difference in effect at different ages observed in this review should be further examined.
Building a Pluriverse of Nursologies: A paradigm for decolonial theory and knowledge development in nursing
Authors: Cleofas Jerome Visperas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe imperative to decolonise health disciplines underscores the need for a critical examination of the coloniality of nursing knowledge development. Decolonising nursing requires epistemic resistance aimed at exposing and dismantling epistemological hierarchies that marginalise indigenous knowledges. This paper introduces the ‘Pluriverse of Nursologies’ as paradigm to guide decolonial theorising in nursing. Through a four‐part exploration, I first elucidate the coloniality embedded in mainstream nursing knowledge. Next, I offer a decolonial critique of Fawcett's nursing metaparadigm as an exemplar of pyramidal epistemology. I then discuss pluriversality as an approach to decolonising nursing knowledge. Finally, I introduce the Pluriverse of Nursologies (PoN) as a meta‐theoretical paradigm for theory and knowledge development that decentres and dismantles the pyramidal epistemology of colonial/modern nursing, and relinks diverse nursologies from marginalised communities to the centre of intellectual nursing discourse, thereby revitalising the theoretical landscape of the discipline.
Trusting others in a divided country: The determinants of social trust in South Africa
Authors: Dorrington Georgia , Schulz‐Herzenberg Collette 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates three key determinants of social trust to explain South Africa's social trust deficit: income inequality, confidence in institutions, and racial diversity. Despite the country's racially heterogenous society and segregated history, racial diversity arguments overlook alternative theories on the determinants of low social trust. We instead argue that the decline in social trust in South Africa can be explained by worsening levels of income inequality and declines in institutional trust in recent decades. Using the 2019 South African Reconciliation Barometer citizen survey data, the empirical analysis confirms that South Africans' confidence in institutions and their subjective perceptions of income distribution (or income inequality) have the strongest influence on social trust levels while racial diversity has a negligible effect. This is encouraging for a country with South Africa's racial diversity and troubled history. Instead, efforts to address South Africa's social trust deficit should focus on increasing citizens' confidence in institutions and addressing the high levels of income inequality. However, given the dire state of institutional confidence and income inequality in the country, it remains unlikely that these conditions will improve in the short term.
Appraising Anssi Paasi's ‘Bounded Spaces in the Mobile World’: Introducing the Forum while Riding the Pendulum of Fixity and Mobility
Authors: van Liempt Ilse , van Meeteren Michiel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe 2024 TESG Forum revisits Anssi Paasi's 2001 article Bounded Spaces in the Mobile World: Deconstructing ‘Regional Identity’. This work expanded Paasi's ideas on the institutionalisation of regions by highlighting the interplay between the social construction of regions and the changing regional identities of individuals and communities in the context of Europeanisation. The article places Paasi's theoretical work on how regions emerge as bounded spaces in the whirlwind of a rapidly globalising world. In exploring the relation between regions and identity, Bounded Spaces in the Mobile World reveals tensions between fixity and mobility. Revisiting this important paper 20 years later makes us realise how the world around us has changed. The tension between mobility and fixity remains but in different imaginaries and power constellations.
Somatostatin modulation of initial fusion pores in Ca2+‐triggered exocytosis from mouse chromaffin cells
Authors: Cheng Jinbo , Jackson Meyer B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSomatostatin, a peptide hormone that activates G‐protein‐coupled receptors, inhibits the secretion of many hormones. This study investigated the mechanisms of this inhibition using amperometry recording of Ca2+‐triggered catecholamine secretion from mouse chromaffin cells. Two distinct stimulation protocols, high‐KCl depolarization and caffeine, were used to trigger exocytosis, and confocal fluorescence imaging was used to monitor the rise in intracellular free Ca2+. Analysis of single‐vesicle fusion events (spikes) resolved the action of somatostatin on fusion pores at different stages. Somatostatin reduced spike frequency, and this reduction was accompanied by prolongation of pre‐spike feet and slowing of spike rise times. This indicates that somatostatin stabilizes initial fusion pores and slows their expansion. This action on the initial fusion pore impacted the release mode to favour kiss‐and‐run over full‐fusion. During a spike the permeability of a fusion pore peaks, declines and then settles into a plateau. Somatostatin had no effect on the plateau, suggesting no influence on late‐stage fusion pores. These actions of somatostatin were indistinguishable between exocytosis triggered by high‐KCl and caffeine, and fluorescence imaging showed that somatostatin had no effect on stimulus‐induced rises in cytosolic Ca2+. Our findings thus demonstrate that the signalling cascades activated by somatostatin target the exocytotic machinery that controls the initial and expanding stages of fusion pores, while having no effect on late‐stage fusion pores. As a result of its stronger inhibition of full‐fusion compared to kiss‐and‐run, somatostatin will preferentially inhibit the secretion of large peptides over the secretion of small catecholamines.
imageKey points
Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of various hormones by activating G‐protein‐coupled receptors.
In this study, we used amperometry to investigate the mechanism by which somatostatin inhibits catecholamine release from mouse chromaffin cells.
Somatostatin increased pre‐spike foot lifetime and slowed fusion pore expansion.
Somatostatin inhibited full‐fusion more strongly than kiss‐and‐run.
Our results suggest that the initial fusion pore is the target of somatostatin‐mediated regulation of hormone release.
The stronger inhibition of full‐fusion by somatostatin will result in preferential inhibition of peptide release.
Global Stability and Forced Response Analysis of Swirling Flows in Aviation Combustors
Authors: Patki Parth A. , Emerson Benjamin L. , Lieuwen Timothy C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Swirling jets are canonical flow fields used to stabilize flames in many gas-turbine combustion systems. These flows amplify background acoustic disturbances and perturb the flame, producing combustion noise and potentially combustion instabilities. Hydrodynamic flow response to acoustic excitations in reacting flows is an important modeling task for understanding combustion noise and combustion instabilities. This study utilizes a global hydrodynamic stability analysis in a biglobal and triglobal framework to model the vortical hydrodynamic modes of a reacting, swirling large eddy simulations (LES) mean-flow based on a commercial nozzle. After conducting an unforced, natural biglobal stability analysis to study the unstable eigenmodes of the flow, linearized equations of motion are used to study flow response of the flow to forcing. An empirical velocity transfer function is constructed by determining the flow response to a harmonically varying 150−1500 Hz u′ velocity disturbance at the inflow boundary. These disturbances are strongly amplified, with amplification factors ranging from about 20 to 50 and peaking at about 1050 Hz, or St=0.375. A comparison study with a Cartesian, three-dimensional (3D) reacting base-flow is also performed where the base-flow varies spatially in three-dimensions. The study utilizes a stable, high accuracy, but computationally effective centered finite difference scheme based on a three-dimensional structured mesh. Illustrative results present the qualitative modes and quantitative transfer functions for Biglobal and Triglobal stability analyses.
Experimental Study of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Cofiring Characteristics Using Different Types of Single Nozzles of F-Class Practical Gas Turbine Combustors
Authors: Lee Sanghyup , Park Jungkeuk , Park Seik , Choi Nakjeong , Shin Jugon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent research on cofiring natural gas and hydrogen, a carbon-free clean fuel, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aging gas turbine power generation, a key energy issue. This approach can enhance old gas turbines and increase the proportion of combined cycle power plant utilization as coal-fired power plants in Korea gradually shut down. This study seeks optimal operating conditions for mixed fuels without modifying the F-class gas turbine combustor. Experiments were conducted using four different types of fuel nozzles (F-Class DLN combustors) under varying loads and cofiring rates. The test used actual machine operating conditions from 30% to 100% thermal load, with hydrogen cofired with natural gas up to 70% at each load. OH high-speed imaging and an OH-PLIF technique analyzed flame structure and characteristics. Dynamic pressure was measured to check combustion instability, and exhaust gas emissions were evaluated for combustion characteristics. Key findings include critical cofiring rates for each nozzle based on NOx emission levels and combustion dynamics. As the hydrogen cofiring rate increased, flame length decreased, and NOx levels rose rapidly beyond 30%vol. Dynamic pressure oscillations showed no significant variations compared to natural gas combustion. This study successfully derived a characteristic operation map for a single nozzle based on the hydrogen cofiring rate.
Cracking Behavior of Environmental Barrier Coatings/Ceramic Matrix Composite System Using Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Panakarajupally Ragav P. , Morscher Gregory N. , Shi Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An investigation into the cracking behavior of advanced environmental barrier coating/woven SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) system under uni-axial tension testing was performed in this study. The effect of substrate (CMC) condition on the coating behavior was also studied. Acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) were implemented as health monitoring techniques to gain detailed insights into the fracture process of the coating and to identify the origin and location of the fracture events. Fluorescent penetrant inspection was used in situ in some cases to help identify cracks. Post-test microscopy was performed to correlate the results with DIC and AE. It was evident that for the as-produced woven substrate, the EBC coating cracked prior to substrate cracking; however, for the altered surface substrate, the CMC substrate formed matrix cracks prior to the EBC coating.
Periodic Solutions of Wave Propagation in a Strongly Nonlinear Monatomic Chain and Their Novel Stability and Bifurcation Analyses
Authors: Zhang Bingxu , Zhu Weidong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A modified incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is used to determine periodic solutions of wave propagation in discrete, strongly nonlinear, periodic structures, and solutions are found to be in a two-dimensional hyperplane. A novel method based on the Hill’s method is developed to analyze stability and bifurcations of periodic solutions. A simplified model of wave propagation in a strongly nonlinear monatomic chain is examined in detail. The study reveals the amplitude-dependent property of nonlinear wave propagation in the structure and relationships among the frequency, the amplitude, the propagation constant, and the nonlinear stiffness. Numerous bifurcations are identified for the strongly nonlinear chain. Attenuation zones for wave propagation that are determined using an analysis of results from the modified IHB method and directly using the modified IHB method are in excellent agreement. Two frequency formulae for weakly and strongly nonlinear monatomic chains are obtained by a fitting method for results from the modified IHB method, and the one for a weakly nonlinear monatomic chain is consistent with the result from a perturbation method in the literature.
Streamlining marker-less allelic replacement in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
through a single transformation step strategy: easyJanus
Authors: Chembilikandy Vipin , D'Mello Adonis , Tettelin Hervé , Martínez Eriel , Orihuela Carlos J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The ability to genetically manipulate bacteria is a staple of modern molecular microbiology. Since the 2000s, marker-less mutants of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
Spn
) have been made by allelic exchange predominantly using the

kan
R
-rpsL

cassette known as “Janus.” The conventional Janus protocol involves two transformation steps using multiple PCR-assembled products containing the Janus cassette and the target gene’s flanking DNA. We present an innovative strategy to achieve marker-less allelic replacement through a single transformation step. Our strategy involves integrating an additional copy of the target’s downstream region before the Janus cassette, leading to a modified genetic arrangement. This single modification reduced the number of required PCR fragments from five to four, lowered the number of assembly reactions from two to one, and simplified the transformation process to a single step. To validate the efficacy of our approach, we implemented this strategy to delete in
Spn
serotype 4 strain TIGR4 the virulence gene
pspA,
the entire capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus
cps4
, and to introduce a single-nucleotide replacement into the chromosome. Notably, beyond streamlining the procedure, our method markedly reduced false positives typically encountered during negative selection with streptomycin when employing the traditional Janus protocol. Furthermore, and as consequence of reducing the amount of exogenous DNA required for construct synthesis, we show that our new method is amendable to the use of commercially available synthetic DNA for construct creation, further reducing the work needed to obtain a mutant. Our streamlined strategy, termed easyJanus, substantially expedites the genetic manipulation of
Spn
facilitating future research endeavors.

IMPORTANCE

We introduce a new strategy aimed at streamlining the process for marker-less allelic replacement in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, a Gram-positive bacterium and leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and ear infections. Our approach involves a modified genetic arrangement of the Janus cassette to facilitate self-excision during the segregation step. Since this new method reduces the amount of exogenous DNA required, it is highly amendable to the use of synthetic DNA for construction of the mutagenic construct. Our streamlined strategy, called easyJanus, offers significant time and cost savings while concurrently enhancing the efficiency of obtaining marker-less allelic replacement in
S. pneumoniae
.