bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AtWRKY40 and AtWRKY63 Modulate the Expression of Stress-Responsive Nuclear Genes Encoding Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Proteins
Authors: Van Aken Olivier , Zhang Botao , Law Simon , Narsai Reena , Whelan James 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The expression of a variety of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins is known to adapt to changes in environmental conditions and retrograde signaling. The presence of putative WRKY transcription factor binding sites (W-boxes) in the promoters of many of these genes prompted a screen of 72 annotated WRKY factors in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome for regulators of transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins. A large-scale yeast one-hybrid screen was used to identify WRKY factors that bind the promoters of marker genes (Alternative oxidase1a, NADH dehydrogenaseB2, and the AAA ATPase Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase synthesis1), and interactions were confirmed using electromobility shift assays. Transgenic overexpression and knockout lines for 12 binding WRKY factors were generated and tested for altered expression of the marker genes during normal and stress conditions. AtWRKY40 was found to be a repressor of antimycin A-induced mitochondrial retrograde expression and high-light-induced signaling, while AtWRKY63 was identified as an activator. Genome-wide expression analysis following high-light stress in transgenic lines with perturbed AtWRKY40 and AtWRKY63 function revealed that these factors are involved in regulating stress-responsive genes encoding mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins but have little effect on more constitutively expressed genes encoding organellar proteins. Furthermore, it appears that AtWRKY40 and AtWRKY63 are particularly involved in regulating the expression of genes responding commonly to both mitochondrial and chloroplast dysfunction but not of genes responding to either mitochondrial or chloroplast perturbation. In conclusion, this study establishes the role of WRKY transcription factors in the coordination of stress-responsive genes encoding mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins.
Evolutionary replacement of obligate symbionts in an ancient and diverse insect lineage
Authors: Koga Ryuichi , Bennett Gordon M. , Cryan Jason R. , Moran Nancy A. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryMany insect groups depend on ancient obligate symbioses with bacteria that undergo long‐term genomic degradation due to inactivation and loss of ancestral genes. Sap‐feeding insects in the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha show complex symbioses with at least two obligate bacterial symbionts, inhabiting specialized host cells (bacteriocytes). We explored the symbiotic relationships of the spittlebugs (Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopoidea) using phylogenetic and microscopy methods. Results show that most spittlebugs contain the symbionts Sulcia muelleri (Bacteroidetes) and Zinderia insecticola (Betaproteobacteria) with each restricted to its own bacteriocyte type. However, the ancestral Zinderia symbiont has been replaced with a novel symbiont closely related to Sodalis glossinidius (Enterobacteriaceae) in members of the ecologically successful spittlebug tribe Philaenini. At least one spittlebug species retains Sulcia and Zinderia, but also has acquired a Sodalis‐like symbiont, possibly representing a transitional stage in the evolutionary succession of symbioses. Phylogenetic analyses including symbionts of other Auchenorrhyncha lineages suggest that Zinderia, like Sulcia, descends from an ancestral symbiont present in the common ancestor of Auchenorrhyncha. This betaproteobacterial symbiont has been repeatedly replaced by other symbionts, such as the Sodalis‐like symbiont of spittlebugs. Symbiont replacement may offer a route for hosts to escape dependence on an ancient, degraded and potentially inefficient symbiont.
Endometriosis in adolescence: predictive markers and management
Authors: Steenberg Christine K. , Tanbo Tom G. , Qvigstad Erik 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEndometriosis has long been thought mostly to affect the adult female population. However, awareness of possible endometriosis already in adolescence is now receiving increasing attention. It seems that certain markers in adolescence are associated with a subsequent diagnosis of the disease. These include chronic pelvic pain, severe dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea resistant to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and oral contraceptive pills, and pain interfering with daily activity. Based on current knowledge, it should be possible to diagnose endometriosis before adulthood, thereby alleviating symptoms and possibly limiting sequelae. To do so, knowledge of adolescent endometriosis has to be improved among both health professionals and the public.
A novel GFP reporter mouse reveals Mustn1 expression in adult regenerating skeletal muscle, activated satellite cells and differentiating myoblasts
Authors: Krause M. P. , Moradi J. , Coleman S. K. , D'Souza D. M. , Liu C. , Kronenberg M. S. , Rowe D. W. , Hawke T. J. , Hadjiargyrou M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimMustn1 has been implicated in myofusion as well as skeletal muscle growth and repair; however, the exact role and spatio‐temporal expression of Mustn1 have yet to be fully defined.MethodsTransgenic mice were generated with a 1512‐bp sequence of the Mustn1 promoter directing the expression of GFP (Mustn1PRO‐GFP). These mice were used to investigate the spatio‐temporal expression of Mustn1PRO‐GFP during skeletal muscle development and adult skeletal muscle repair, as well as various phases of the satellite cell lifespan (i.e. quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation).ResultsMustn1PRO‐GFP expression was observed within somites at embryonic day 12 and developing skeletal muscles at embryonic day 15 and 18. While uninjured adult tibialis anterior muscle displayed no detectable Mustn1PRO‐GFP expression, cardiotoxin injury robustly elevated Mustn1PRO‐GFP expression at 3 days post‐injury with decreasing levels observed at 5 days and minimal, focal expression seen at 10 days. The expression of Mustn1PRO‐GFP at 3 days post‐injury consistently overlaid with MyoD although the strongest expression of Mustn1PRO‐GFP was noted in newly formed myotubes that were expressing minimal levels of MyoD. By 5 days post‐injury, Mustn1PRO‐GFP overlaid in all myotubes expressing myogenin although cells were present expressing Mustn1PRO‐GFP alone. The expression patterns of Mustn1PRO‐GFP in regenerating muscle preceded the expression of desmin throughout the regenerative time course consistent with Mustn1 being upstream of this myogenic protein. Further, quiescent satellite cells located on freshly isolated, single myofibers rarely expressed Mustn1PRO‐GFP, but within 24 h of isolation, all activated satellite cells expressed Mustn1PRO‐GFP. Expression of Mustn1PRO‐GFP in primary myoblasts diminished with prolonged time in proliferation media. However, in response to serum withdrawal, the expression of Mustn1PRO‐GFP increased during myofusion (day 2) followed by declining expression thereafter.ConclusionMustn1PRO‐GFP is expressed in activated satellite cells and myoblasts but continued time in proliferation media diminished Mustn1PRO‐GFP expression. However, myoblasts exposed to serum withdrawal increased Mustn1PRO‐GFP expression consistent with its demonstrated role in myofusion. The in vivo expression pattern of Mustn1 observed in regenerating and developing skeletal muscle is consistent with its presence in satellite cells and its critical role in myofusion.
Determination of the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium in the lung using a population pharmacokinetic modelling approach
Authors: Bartels Christian , Looby Michael , Sechaud Romain , Kaiser Guenther 
Published: March 2013

AimsGlycopyrronium bromide (NVA237) is a once‐daily long‐acting muscarinic antagonist recently approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study, we used population pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling to provide insights into the impact of the lung PK of glycopyrronium on its systemic PK profile and, in turn, to understand the impact of lung bioavailability and residence time on the choice of dosage regimen.MethodsWe developed and validated a population PK model to characterize the lung absorption of glycopyrronium using plasma PK data derived from studies in which this drug was administered by different routes to healthy volunteers. The model was also used to carry out simulations of once‐daily and twice‐daily regimens and to characterize amounts of glycopyrronium in systemic compartments and lungs.ResultsThe model‐derived PK parameters were comparable to those obtained with noncompartmental analysis, confirming the usefulness of our model. The model suggested that the lung absorption of glycopyrronium was dominated by slow‐phase absorption with a half‐life of about 3.5 days, which accounted for 79% of drug absorbed through the lungs into the bloodstream, from where glycopyrronium was quickly eliminated. Simulations of once‐daily and twice‐daily administration generated similar PK profiles in the lung compartments.ConclusionsThe slow absorption from the lungs, together with the rapid elimination from the systemic circulation, could explain how once‐daily glycopyrronium provides sustained bronchodilatation with a low incidence of adverse effects in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Its extended intrapulmonary residence time also provides pharmacokinetic evidence that glycopyrronium has the profile of a once‐daily drug.
Creativity, visualization abilities, and visual cognitive style
Authors: Kozhevnikov Maria , Kozhevnikov Michael , Yu Chen Jiao , Blazhenkova Olesya 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundDespite the recent evidence for a multi‐component nature of both visual imagery and creativity, there have been no systematic studies on how the different dimensions of creativity and imagery might interrelate.AimsThe main goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between different dimensions of creativity (artistic and scientific) and dimensions of visualization abilities and styles (object and spatial). In addition, we compared the contributions of object and spatial visualization abilities versus corresponding styles to scientific and artistic dimensions of creativity.SamplesTwenty‐four undergraduate students (12 females) were recruited for the first study, and 75 additional participants (36 females) were recruited for an additional experiment.MethodParticipants were administered a number of object and spatial visualization abilities and style assessments as well as a number of artistic and scientific creativity tests.ResultsThe results show that object visualization relates to artistic creativity and spatial visualization relates to scientific creativity, while both are distinct from verbal creativity. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that style predicts corresponding dimension of creativity even after removing shared variance between style and visualization ability. The results suggest that styles might be a more ecologically valid construct in predicting real‐life creative behaviour, such as performance in different professional domains.
If you're going to be a leader, at least act like it! Prejudice towards women who are tentative in leader roles
Authors: Bongiorno Renata , Bain Paul G. , David Barbara 
Published: March 2013

Role congruity theory predicts prejudice towards women who meet the agentic requirements of the leader role. In line with recent findings indicating greater acceptance of agentic behaviour from women, we find evidence for a more subtle form of prejudice towards women who fail to display agency in leader roles. Using a classic methodology, the agency of male and female leaders was manipulated using assertive or tentative speech, presented through written (Study 1, N = 167) or verbal (Study 2, N = 66) communications. Consistent with predictions, assertive women were as likeable and influential as assertive men, while being tentative in leadership reduced the likeability and influence of women, but not of men. Although approval of agentic behaviour from women in leadership reflects progress, evidence that women are quickly singled out for disapproval if they fail to show agency is important for understanding how they continue to be at a distinct disadvantage to men in leader roles.
Age‐stratified outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
Authors: Mmeje Chinedu O. , Nunez‐Nateras Rafael , Warner Jonathan N. , Humphreys Mitchell R. 
Published: March 2013

Objective
To present the first age‐stratified assessment of outcomes after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from prostate enlargement.
Patients and Methods
We retrospectively analysed and compared the morbidity, and the peri‐operative and functional outcomes of patients aged 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 and ≥80 years. Complications at 30 days were stratified using the Clavien system.
Functional outcomes were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post‐void residual urine volume (PVR) and urinary continence.
Results
A total of 311 patients underwent HoLEP for obstructive voiding symptoms from August 2007 to June 2011, of whom 22 patients were aged 50–59 years, 91 were aged 60–69 years, 153 were aged 70–79 years, and 45 were aged ≥80 years.
The overall morbidity rates were similar among the age groups (20, 24.4, 21.6 and 22.1% for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), as were the incidence of significant complications (Clavien grade ≥ III), change in serum haemoglobin level, and length of hospital stay.
Patients ≥80 years did have a longer catheterization time (3.4 days) than patients aged 50–59 years (1.68 days).
By 1 year there were no significant differences in urinary continence, IPSS, Qmax, or PVR among the age groups.
Conclusions
Overall morbidity, hospital stay, and 1‐year functional outcomes of HoLEP were similar among all age groups.
This study shows that HoLEP is a safe and effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia regardless of age.
Shrub Cover Influence on Seedling Growth and Survival Following Logging of a Tropical Forest
Authors: Duclos Vanessa , Boudreau Stéphane , Chapman Colin A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLogging in tropical forests may create large canopy openings. These gaps provide suitable conditions for some opportunistic shrubs and herbs to take advantage of the surge in resources and rapidly colonize disturbed sites. This dense plant cover may limit forest regeneration by interfering with tree seedling establishment, growth, and survival by altering the light and nutrients available to seedlings, modifying herbivore behavior, or a number of other factors. In Kibale National Park (Uganda), old logging sites are mainly covered by dense stands of Acanthus pubescens Engl., which appear to inhibit tree regeneration. We wanted to identify the ecological processes underlying this regeneration collapse. To do so, we designed a factorial experiment to evaluate the influences of herbivory and vegetation cover on the growth and survival of tree seedlings. We compared the survival and growth of transplanted tree seedlings in A. pubescens stands and logged forests, in the presence or absence of the understory vegetation layer (logged forest) or vegetation cover (A. pubescens), and with or without herbivory. We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that herbivory is significantly higher under dense A. pubescens cover. Seedling survival was not influenced by the environment. Seedling growth, however, was positively influenced by the removal of A. pubescens, suggesting that changes in resource availability associated with the presence of A. pubescens, may be important for regeneration. Our results suggest that sustained cutting of A. pubescens cover could foster the growth of established seedlings and could lead to tree regeneration and habitat restoration.
Lower plasma testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol, is associated with symptoms of intermittent claudication in older men
Authors: Yeap Bu B. , Alfonso Helman , Chubb S. A. Paul , Handelsman David J. , Hankey Graeme J. , Golledge Jonathan , Flicker Leon , Norman Paul E. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryObjectiveIn men, testosterone (T) levels decline with age, and lower T predicts all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, the associations of T and its metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2), with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease remain unclear. We assessed associations of T, DHT and E2 with lower limb intermittent claudication in older men.DesignCross‐sectional study.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling men aged 70–89 years resident in Perth, Western Australia.MeasurementsIntermittent claudication was ascertained by the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire. Early morning, plasma T, DHT and E2 were assayed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThere were 268 men with intermittent claudication and 2435 without claudication or any leg pain. Men with nonspecific leg pain (n = 986) were excluded. After adjusting for age, smoking, BMI, waist/hip ratio, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, creatinine and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), higher T was associated with reduced risk of having claudication (per 1 SD increase, odds ratio [OR] = 0·80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0·69–0·94, P = 0·006; quartiles, Q4/Q1, OR = 0·54, 95% CI = 0·36–0·81). Higher DHT was associated with reduced risk of having claudication (per 1 SD increase, OR = 0·86, 95% CI = 0·73–1·00, P = 0·048; Q4/Q1, OR = 0·64, 95% CI = 0·43–0·95). E2 was not associated with claudication (per 1 SD increase, OR = 0·96, 95% CI = 0·83–1·11, P = 0·565; Q4/Q1, OR = 0·88, 95% CI = 0·60–1·29).ConclusionsLower T or DHT levels, but not E2, are associated with symptoms of intermittent claudication in older men. Reduced exposure to androgens may represent a causal factor or biomarker for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Further studies are needed to examine underlying mechanisms and evaluate therapeutic options in ageing men.
Cost analysis of adjuvant therapy with XELOX or FOLFOX4 for colon cancer
Authors: Xie Q. , Wen F. , Wei Y. Q. , Deng H. X. , Li Q. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimXELOX and FOLFOX4 have both been recommended as adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer. This study compared the two regimens in terms of monetary costs, assuming equal efficacy of the therapies.MethodA retrospective financial audit was conducted of the medical records of patients treated with XELOX or FOLFOX4. All itemized expenses were classified as direct (chemotherapy, hospitalization, venous access and tests), related to adverse effects due to the adjuvant therapy, or societal (travel and time costs). The cost of supportive care was not included.ResultsXELOX involved less total cost to the patient than FOLFOX4 (a difference of US$2857.68), fewer costs related to adverse effects ($668.97), and less travel ($26.07) and time ($390.93) expenditure per patient.ConclusionThe results indicate that, overall, XELOX is a more affordable option than FOLFOX4 in China.
TrkB expression level correlates with metastatic properties of L1 mouse sarcoma cells cultured in non‐adhesive conditions
Authors: Miłoszewska J. , Przybyszewska M. , Gos M. , Swoboda P. , Trembacz H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesAbility of a cell to survive without adhesion, and to overcome anoikis, is indispensable for malignant cell invasion and metastasis formation. It has previously been shown that TrkB ‐neutrophin growth factor receptor might be involved in suppression of apoptosis, induced by the lack of adhesion. The aim of our study was to analyse changes in expression of genes and proteins as well as in biological properties of cancer cells cultured without adhesion. A mouse sarcoma, stable, adherent L1 cell line, derived from a spontaneously arisen Balb/c mouse lung tumour, was established in vitro.Materials and methodsL1 cells resistant to anoikis were established by culture of L1 cells without adhesion, followed by selection of clones with elevated expression levels of TrkB protein. Biological characteristics of the cells were studied by migration/invasion tests and colony forming assay. Gene expression analysis was performed by with the aid of cDNA Gene Expression Array and Real‐Time PCR. In vivo experiments were conducted in syngeneic Balb/c mice.ResultsSignificant changes in gene expression, including higher expression level of TrkB, were found in cells that were able to survive without adhesion. Selected TrkB‐expressing clones were found to have higher clonogenicity and invasive potential, formed more colonies in mouse lungs, and induced larger tumours, when injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice.ConclusionLack of adhesion induced significant changes in the cancer cells’ behaviour, which may result from alterations in gene and protein expression levels, including changes in anoikis‐connected protein – TrkB.
Statistical word learning at scale: the baby's view is better
Authors: Yurovsky Daniel , Smith Linda B. , Yu Chen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA key question in early word learning is how children cope with the uncertainty in natural naming events. One potential mechanism for uncertainty reduction is cross‐situational word learning – tracking word/object co‐occurrence statistics across naming events. But empirical and computational analyses of cross‐situational learning have made strong assumptions about the nature of naming event ambiguity, assumptions that have been challenged by recent analyses of natural naming events. This paper shows that learning from ambiguous natural naming events depends on perspective. Natural naming events from parent–child interactions were recorded from both a third‐person tripod‐mounted camera and from a head‐mounted camera that produced a ‘child's‐eye’ view. Following the human simulation paradigm, adults were asked to learn artificial language labels by integrating across the most ambiguous of these naming events. Significant learning was found only from the child's perspective, pointing to the importance of considering statistical learning from an embodied perspective.
Infant ERPs separate children at risk of dyslexia who become good readers from those who become poor readers
Authors: van Zuijen Titia L. , Plakas Anna , Maassen Ben A.M. , Maurits Natasha M. , van der Leij Aryan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDyslexia is heritable and associated with phonological processing deficits that can be reflected in the event‐related potentials (ERPs). Here, we recorded ERPs from 2‐month‐old infants at risk of dyslexia and from a control group to investigate whether their auditory system processes /bAk/ and /dAk/ changes differently. The speech sounds were presented in an oddball paradigm. The children were followed longitudinally and performed a word reading fluency test in second grade. The infant ERPs were subsequently analyzed according to high or low reading fluency in order to find a neurophysiological precursor of poor reading fluency. The results show that the fluent reading children (from both the at‐risk and the control group) processed the speech sound changes differentially in infancy as indicated by a mismatch response (MMR). In the control group the MMR was frontally positive and in the fluent at‐risk group the MMR was parietally positive. The non‐fluent at‐risk group did not show an MMR. We conclude that at‐risk children who became fluent readers were better at speech processing in infancy than those who became non‐fluent readers. This indicates a very early speech processing deficit in the group of later non‐fluent readers.