bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Metering Solutions: How to Combine Digital Technology with Business Expertise to Improve Metering Performance
Authors: Couput Jean-Paul 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Smart Metering Solutions have been developed and implemented on TOTAL assets by combining digital technology and in house metering expertise to improve quality of data needed for reservoir monitoring, installation operation and fiscal applications.
Deployment within TOTAL upstream operations is presented with specific highlights both on the design of metering systems and network but also on the real operation of metering and allocation systems in the field.
TOTAL Smart Metering Solutions used so far to improve field operation of systems are based on
Optimized metering network design with selection of suitable metering and communication technology. Remote Metering Monitoring (RMM) which consists basically in the continuous monitoring of pertinent flow and sensor process data which are made available in real time historian data base. Use of customized software tools ranging from business routines for routine follow up of metering systems and sensors to advanced software for overall verification and validation of like data validation and reconciliation (DVR) Collaborative work in Smart Metering Room (SMR) putting together experts, site specialists, data users and suppliers to quickly trouble shoot systems
Examples of Remote Metering Monitoring and Smart Metering Room applications used by TOTAL for surveillance of multiphase metering systems located in different units worldwide with limited access are presented.
In addition to significant improvement on metering performance and data quality, implementation of Smart Metering is associated with cost reduction and more efficient way of working / solving problems.
Managing and Orchestrating Multi-Vendor Intelligent Oil Field Technology Environment to Enable Efficient Next Generation Production and Reservoir Management Workflows
Authors: David Richard Mohan , Rao Subba Rama , Reddicharla Nagaraju 
Published: September 2015

AbstractE&P companies are increasingly instrumenting its fields and introducing new technologies with the objective to proactively monitor and surveillance of its wells, reservoir, and facilities for better operations and management. This brings in wide variety of technologies from multiple vendors in providing smart sensors, downhole equipment, instruments, and solutions along with existing legacy systems to support the digital journey. These technology implementations enable improvement in specific areas of the operations. However, in order to continuously build the digital infrastructure and realize its full potential, it requires seamless integration of real time data, technologies, workflows and business process.There is no single vendor integrated solution that covers the entire spectrum of the digital oil field environment. In this scenario, in general the operating companies have the key role to orchestrate these technology components to achieve the integration and seamless workflows. This paper discusses the business need of an Integrated Digital Oil Field Foundation (IDOFF) Framework (based on industry standards and protocols shall form the core foundation that integrates next generation products, technologies of the multi-vendor digital environment enabling smart workflows including in-house solutions.The IDOFF shall comprise of data standards, business process, data model and architecture, business logic, workflow automation, analytics environment. In IDOFF, the multi-vendor technologies are integrated seamlessly without additional effort in moving data between workflows and applications to achieve higher level of collaboration. The authors discuss the importance of operators to play a key role in orchestrating and building the digital oil field framework that supports multi-vendor environment to enable integrated solutions.
Piezoelectric Based Flow Power Harvesting for Downhole Environment
Authors: Ahmad Talha J. , Arsalan Muhammad , Black Michael J. , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
There is a critical need for robust and reliable downhole power generation and storage technologies in order to push the boundaries of downhole sensing and control. Downhole power harvesting is an enabling technology for a wide range of future production systems and applications including self-powered downhole monitoring, downhole robotics, and wireless intelligent completions.
This paper provides an analysis of available ambient energy sources in the downhole environment, and various energy harvesting techniques that can be employed to provide a reliable solution. Advantages and limitations of conventional technique like turbine are compared to advanced energy harvesting technologies. The power requirements and technical challenges related to different downhole applications have also been addressed. We have also presented a single-phase flow energy harvesting system based on vortex-induced vibrations by employing a bluff body in fluid flow. A laboratory experimental setup was developed that consists of a 2” flow loop, piezoelectric energy harvester, power management module, and capacitor storage. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the vortex-induced flow-vibrations for our setup have been presented. The generated vortex shedding frequencies and generated power in the flow loop is very low, which suggests requirement of a reliable rechargeable battery. Finally, recommendations are made for improvement and achieving the goal of practical implementation of downhole power harvesting.
Efficient Deepwater Well Testing
Authors: Walden Carl , Pereira Yuri , Luppi Patricio , Akbayev Beibit , Shumakov Yakov 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Well testing operations are an essential component in reservoir characterization process. In deepwater environments where rig costs are high, operating safely and cost efficiently is important. As a result, many operators are constantly searching for more efficient and cost effective ways to test their reservoirs. The use of newly developed tools and technologies is necessary to deal with the challenges of efficiency and effectiveness while at the same time, safely optimizing the operational sequences, improving decision making with real-time information and reducing rig costs, without sacrificing data quality.
Designed specifically for testing operations, the single trip downhole tools with real-time bottomhole data enabled by wireless acoustic telemetry address those challenges. This technology eliminates unnecessary trips compared with a conventional drillstem test (DST) in deepwater environments. Furthermore, real-time bottomhole data aid processes such as test design optimization and real-time well test interpretation and help to ensure that data are sufficient for the purpose of reservoir characterization prior to ending the test.
This paper summarizes the benefits of using the new generation of downhole reservoir testing tools. Maersk Oil Angola was the first operator to use these tools in West Africa. The well testing operation was performed in a single trip, saving 3 days of rig time compared with the time required for a traditional DST with a permanent packer. Data acquired during the test were transmitted to secure servers, and were available in real-time for remotely located decision makers. The improved communication and collaboration between offshore and office, resulted in a short decision-making time cycle. The team performed pressure transient analysis on downhole data during the well test, turning the raw data into knowledge. This helped to confirm that sufficient data had been acquired for reservoir characterization; thus, the test duration was shortened by 28 hours while still meeting all test objectives. In summary, the operator was able to perform a safe and cost-effective well test operation in a deepwater environment.
Use of Regression and Bootstrapping in Drilling Inference and Prediction
Authors: Hegde Chiranth M , Wallace Scott P , Gray K E 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Use of data analytics has become pervasive to optimize results and increase the efficiency of operations. Similarly data obtained during drilling can be used to predict rate of penetration (ROP) using statistical and machine learning techniques. However, one of the most basic forms of statistical analysis i.e. multivariate regression can be used for inference to improve the computational efficiency of more complicated models.
Multivariate regression (MVR) has been applied to a field data set to predict the rate of penetration (ROP) based on features of the data. While MVR works as a predictor, its use as an inferential technique shows more promise. Regression techniques have been combined with bootstrapping techniques to analyze residuals when data set features are plotted against ROP. Analysis of these graphs provides insight into the non-linearity in the relationships among the data. Bootstrapping the residuals also yields a good predictor. The regression model has also been subjected to the bootstrap technique separately to observe its behavior on predictions.
Using the aforementioned techniques, features with both linear and non-linear relationships with ROP can be identified. This saves computational power when in investigating real time applications of the data. Features having a linear relationship with ROP can be modeled with linear techniques and the rest using non-linear techniques. These concepts have been implemented in this paper using general additive models to yield excellent accuracy. More complicated models employ ensemble techniques which can be computationally robust and provide excellent accuracy. When ensemble techniques are used, identifying the data associated with each method can be crucial to efficiency of the technique. The data used in an ensemble technique for prediction illustrates the important role that this technique can play in reducing error as well as increasing computational efficiency. The model developed using linear techniques with bootstrapped residuals also gives a low error rate in prediction results.
Using linear methods for determining the nature of relationships within the data is important in developing computationally robust models. Using this as an inferential technique can serve as a key component of data exploration in any operation. Moreover, these methods can be a stepping stone to improving the use of ensemble techniques in real time drilling operations.
Using Unmanned Principles and Integrated Operations to Enable Operational Efficiency and Reduce Capex and OPEX Costs
Authors: Edwards A. R. , Gordon B.. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
It can be demonstrated that unmanned operations, have the potential to operate at circa 25% of the cost of permanently manned installations (of similar throughput) and at 99% availability, with an impeccable incident and safety record, for the same or reduced CAPEX. This can only be achieved by the application of remote control and Integrated Operations (IO).
Whilst Integrated Operations (IO) and digital oilfield (DOF) have seen major performance improvement initiatives over last decade (Ref 1 and 2), there is still a reluctance to fully embrace the technology. Whilst there has been success in applying to brownfield operations, the application to new Greenfield's has made less of an impact, mainly through lack of understanding of what is possible & what the value created is.
This paper will detail the areas where IO can drive decisions and influence stakeholders within the following project phases: Concept selectionFEED & detailed designProject executionQuality ControlOperational readiness and start-up
It will make the case for the inclusion of IO in the concept phase, to enable new radical operational concepts based on minimum manned, remotely controlled and managed operations. Recent experience with IO and new approaches to minimum manned operations are discussed. The application of unmanned principles tends to drive less systems and equipment and results in less weight, less equipment, less accommodation, higher personnel safety and reduced CAPEX and OPEX. Why this has not been done routinely in the Oil and Gas industry will be highlighted.
Revenus d’activité et niveaux de vie des professionnels de la culture
Authors: Gouyon Marie 
Published: September 2015

En France, 2,2 % des actifs exercent une profession culturelle. Au sein des professions culturelles, ils exercent des métiers très divers (artisans d’art, professeurs d’art, artistes et techniciens des spectacles, architectes ou cadres de l’édition, etc.) dont ils tirent des revenus dont la nature et les montants varient fortement d’une profession à l’autre (salaires, revenus d’indépendants, mais aussi revenus de remplacement tels que indemnités de chômage ou même, pour certains actifs, pensions de retraite). L’exploitation de plusieurs éditions de l’enquête Revenus fiscaux et sociaux de l’Insee permet de connaître les revenus annuels moyens tirés de l’activité ainsi que les revenus de complément. Si les salaires annuels moyens perçus par les professionnels de la culture sont globalement équivalents à ceux de l’ensemble des actifs, les revenus de remplacement constituent en revanche une part importante de leurs ressources d’activité. Au total, les actifs des professions culturelles ont perçu en moyenne 26 000 euros de revenus annuels d’activité entre 2005 et 2012. C’est 6 % de plus que la moyenne de l’ensemble des actifs. Toutefois, les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et les conditions d’emploi (qualification, temps de travail, etc.) des professionnels de la culture sont très différentes de celles des autres actifs. À caractéristiques identiques, les professionnels de la culture perçoivent en fait des revenus d’activité inférieurs de 26 % à ceux des autres actifs. La composition du ménage, l’histoire familiale, les revenus d’activités d’autres personnes du ménage, le plus souvent le conjoint, viennent compléter le revenu d’activité. Avec 30 200 euros par an, les revenus d’activité des autres membres du ménage sont plus élevés (+ 16 %) pour les professionnels de la culture que pour les autres actifs. Les ménages des professionnels de la culture déclarent par ailleurs des revenus d’origine sociale, financière ou foncière supérieurs de 13 %, en moyenne, à ceux de l’ensemble des actifs (6 800 euros par an). Rapporté à toutes les personnes composant le ménage, l’ensemble de ces revenus définit le niveau de vie. Entre 2005 et 2012, le niveau de vie annuel moyen des professionnels de la culture s’établit ainsi à 28 300 euros, supérieur de 11 % à celui des autres actifs ; mais là encore, à caractéristiques comparables il est inférieur de 12 % à celui d’un actif exerçant une autre profession. Au sein des professions culturelles, l’écart de revenus d’activité entre hommes et femmes est de 19 % en faveur des hommes, de 29 % dans l’ensemble des actifs en emploi. La prise en compte des revenus complémentaires du ménage, et notamment les revenus du conjoint, conduit à gommer l’écart de revenus d’activité entre les femmes et les hommes : le niveau de vie des femmes actives, qu’elles exercent une profession culturelle ou non, est très proche de celui des hommes.
L’audace de Dieu : prolégomènes à une théologie faible
Authors: Caputo John D. 
Published: September 2015

John D. Caputo ** présente ici l’idée selon laquelle Dieu n’existe pas mais qu’il insiste, ce qui donne tout son poids à la responsabilité de l’être humain pour que Dieu existe. Le « peut-être » est ouverture au risque, à l’inattendu d’une existence possible, et constitue une théologie de ce qui peut advenir, ce qui peut arriver et que l’on ne voit pas venir. Une théologie faible se dessine ainsi, en dialogue avec la pensée postmoderne, exigeant une audace qui répond à celle de Dieu.
La Bible à la lettre. Délittéralisation et lecture littérale chez Caputo
Authors: Delecroix Vincent 
Published: September 2015

Quel rôle la référence à la parole biblique joue-t-elle dans l’entreprise de déconstruction postmoderne de la métaphysique dont John D. Caputo assume la tâche ? Vincent Delecroix * explore l’idée selon laquelle le langage biblique n’est pas seulement ce qui est affecté par la crise de la métaphysique : il est aussi ce qui participe à cette crise et peut-être ce qui la rend possible. Ce qui a construit l’ontothéologie est aussi ce qui, de l’intérieur, la déconstruit toujours. Mais dans cette ambivalence, le statut de cette parole est en jeu. Une théologie postmoderne réclame la délittéralisation, qui est aussi une désontologisation, d’un tel langage ; mais elle nécessite également, et à l’inverse, un retour ad litteram contre sa traduction religieuse et ontothéologique. Le commentaire de Caputo des deux récits de la Genèse n’en donne pas seulement un exemple : si le statut opératoire de la parole biblique est lié à sa désontologisation, les récits de la création, lus ad litteram , établissent, en déconstruisant le Dieu créateur et souverain de l’Être, la possibilité même de cette désontologisation. Compris littéralement, ils ouvrent l’espace d’une pensée de l’événement qui est elle-même la condition de la délittéralisation.
Pour une théologie du mouvement : l’épreuve de la pratique pastorale
Authors: Renaud-Grosbras Pascale 
Published: September 2015

La pratique de la théologie est une mise à l’épreuve de l’immobilité dont nous rêvons pourtant, par laquelle s’ordonnent souvent nos concepts et nos lieux théologiques. Pascale Renaud-Grosbras * s’attache à montrer que la théologie pratique, et tout particulièrement l’épreuve du ministère pastoral, est un lieu mouvant par excellence. Le mouvement, chance pour la théologie, ne l’est pas par choix délibéré, mais en raison de l’objet même de la théologie pratique : ce qui vient est l’horizon de notre espérance.
Femtosecond Laser-assisted Arcuate Keratotomy Versus Toric IOL Implantation for Correcting Astigmatism
Authors: Yoo Aeri , Yun Samyoung , Kim Jae Yong , Kim Myoung Joon , Tchah Hungwon 
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FS-AK) versus toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for correcting astigmatism in patients with cataract.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was performed. All patients had senile cataracts with corneal astigmatism (range: +1.00 to +3.00 diopters [D]) before cataract surgery. Twenty-five patients agreed to undergo toric IOL implantation (the toric IOL group). Twenty-three patients did not agree to undergo toric IOL implantation despite astigmatism; however, these patients were not satisfied with their remaining astigmatism following cataract surgery and requested astigmatism correction using FS-AK (the FS-AK group). Visual acuity and intraocular pressure were evaluated, and automated refraction, keratometry, and slit-lamp examinations were performed at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 5 months after surgery.

RESULTS:

Refractive astigmatism decreased in both groups. The mean preoperative and postoperative refractive cylinders were 1.71 ± 1.15 and 0.78 ± 1.06 D, respectively, in the FS-AK group (
P
< .001) and 1.67 ± 0.13 and 0.83 ± 0.097 D, respectively, in the toric IOL group (
P
< .001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups at any time during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS:
FS-AK is a fast, customizable, adjustable, precise, and safe procedure for reducing refractive errors in patients with residual astigmatism after cataract surgery. The results of this procedure are comparable to the toric IOL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(9):574–578.]
Optical Zone Centration Accuracy Using Corneal Fixation-based SMILE Compared to Eye Tracker-based Femtosecond Laser-assisted LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Gobbe Marine , Gobbe Louis , Archer Timothy J. , Carp Glenn I. 
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the optical zone centration accuracy between myopic eyes treated with small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and LASIK.

METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive eyes treated with SMILE (the SMILE group) with the corneal fixation-based centration VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and a matched group of 100 eyes treated with LASIK (the LASIK group) with VisuMax flap creation and eye tracker-based centration MEL 90 excimer laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec) ablation. In SMILE, the corneal vertex of the coaxially fixating eye was aligned with the vertex of the curved contact glass. In LASIK, the treatment was centered on the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex (first Purkinje image). A tangential (instantaneous) curvature preoperative to postoperative difference map was generated for each eye. A fixed grid and set of concentric circles were superimposed on the difference map to measure the offset between the optical zone center and corneal vertex (0,0), and vector analysis was used for comparative analysis at 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Mean centration offset was 0.20 ± 0.11 mm for the SMILE group and 0.17 ± 0.10 mm for the LASIK group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (
P
>.05). In the SMILE group, the optical zone was centered within 0.1 mm of the corneal vertex in 17% of eyes, within 0.2 mm in 55% of eyes, within 0.3 mm in 81% of eyes, and within 0.4 mm in 96% of eyes. In the LASIK group, the optical zone was centered within 0.1 mm of the corneal vertex in 24% of eyes, within 0.2 mm in 62% of eyes, within 0.3 mm in 92% of eyes, and within 0.4 mm in 98% of eyes. There was no systematic directional decentration in either group.

CONCLUSION:
Optical zone centration accuracy was no different between SMILE and LASIK with the MEL 90 laser.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(9):586–592.]
Opaque Bubble Layer Risk Factors in Femtosecond Laser-assisted LASIK
Authors: Courtin Romain , Saad Alain , Guilbert Emmanuel , Grise-Dulac Alice , Gatinel Damien 
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE:
To determine the characteristics and risk factors for occurrence of opaque bubble layer (OBL) during femtosecond laser-assisted flap creation for LASIK.

METHODS:
One hundred ninety-eight eyes of 102 consecutive patients who underwent LASIK flap creation performed with the Alcon WaveLight FS200 laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) were retrospectively analyzed in a cohort study. Preoperative manifest refraction, corneal keratometry, central corneal thickness, white-to-white corneal diameter, corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, and programmed flaps parameters were collected. Digital images automatically recorded after flap creation were analyzed to measure OBL areas. Correlation tests were performed between preoperative corneal parameters and OBL areas.

RESULTS:

The incidence rate of OBL was 48% (103 eyes). The mean OBL area as a percentage of the corneal flap area in the OBL group was 4.25% ± 7.16% (range: 0% to 32.9%). The central corneal thickness, corneal resistance factor, and corneal hysteresis were significantly positively correlated with the OBL area (
r
= 0.242,
P
= .001;
r
= 0.254,
P
= .028; and
r
= 0.351,
P
< .0001, respectively). Corneal hysteresis and OBL area were positively correlated, independently of the central corneal thickness and other confounder factors with standardized coefficient (
r
= 0.353 ± 0.227,
P
= .002).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study confirms the already known OBL risk factors with a larger cohort and suggests for the first time that an elevated corneal hysteresis is an independent predictive risk for OBL occurrence.

[J Refract Surg.
2015;31(9):608–612.]