bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of the PrP prion protein gene in Polish Merino and old-type Polish Merino from Brylewo flock
Authors: Niżnikowski Roman , Oprządek Artur , Czub Grzegorz , Świątek Marcin , Kubasik Dariusz , Brzoza Paweł , Głowacz Krzysztof , Ślęzak Magdalena 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The study was conducted on Polish Merino (143♀ and 39♂) and old-type Polish Merino sheep (176♀ and 61♂) in Brylewo flock (Wielkopolskie Province). The examined sheep were at the age of one year. Prion protein (PrP) genotype was determined in all animals. In both breeds four alleles (ARR, ARQ, AHQ, VRQ) were found. Highly significant effect of breed and insignificant impact of gender within breed was observed in regard to the frequency of occurrence of alleles and genotypes susceptible to classical scrapie in the sheep. Eight different PrP genotypes in Polish Merino and nine genotypes in old-type Polish Merino were identified. Very high frequency of ARR/ARR genotype in old-type Polish Merino and high frequency of ARR/ARQ genotype in Polish Merino were found, with relatively significant frequency of occurrence of the genotypes containing VRQ allele. In old-type Polish Merino, three animals (of both genders) had VRQ/VRQ genotype. Breeding work involving elimination of animals encoding valine at codon 136, and introduction of rams with ARR allele to the population increased the frequency of occurrence of ARR/ARR genotype and ARR allele in the population of old-type Polish Merino. To improve the distribution of the genotypes genetically resistant to scrapie in the flock of Polish Merino only rams with ARR/ARR genotype were left. This guarantees an increase in the frequency of occurrence of genotypes genetically resistant to scrapie in the offspring.
Trilateral Trust Based Defense Mechanism against DDoS Attacks in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Iyengar N. Ch. S. N. , Ganapathy Gopinath 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) in a Cloud leads to a high rate of overload conditions, which subverts the Data Center (DC) performance and ends up in resource unavailability. This work proposes a “Trilateral Trust mechanism” which helps in detecting different kinds of attack groups at different points of time. It is the direct trust based defense mechanism for segregating legitimate and attack groups from the vast number of incoming requestors. It is a hybrid mechanism of trusts that follows the zero trust approach initially and eventually supports both Mutual trust and Momentary trust. This combinatorial trust mechanism helps in detecting almost all kinds of overload conditions at a cautionary period. Detecting the high rate of an attack at an earlier moment of time could reduce the traffic impact towards DC. The simulation results and profit analysis proved that the mechanism proposed is deployable at an attack-prone DC for resource protection, which would eventually benefit the DC economically as well.
Robot Path Planning Based on Improved A* Algorithm
Authors: Peng Jiansheng , Huang Yiyong , Luo Guan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Due to the characteristic that A* algorithm takes a long time when traversing an OPEN table and a CLOSED table, an improved method is proposed that is a new way of array storing in an OPEN table and a CLOSED table. Compared to the original A* algorithm, the way of array storing accesses the array elements by locating the number ranks each time you visit a specified element, which can be done by only one operation. The original A* algorithm requires the traverse of multiple nodes in order to find a specified element. The experimental results show that the comparison of the improved A* algorithm with the original A* algorithm shows that the operating efficiency is improved by more than 40%. Based on the improved A* algorithm the method preserves the advantages of the original A* algorithm, improving the operating efficiency of A* algorithm.
Is Iron Chelation Important in Preventing Glycation of Bovine Serum Albumin in Vitro?
Authors: Galiniak Sabina , Bartosz Grzegorz , Sadowska-Bartosz Izabela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe role of metal (especially) iron ions has been postulated to play a prominent role in protein glycation, suggesting antiglycating effectiveness of metal chelators. However, this rule may not apply to all model glycation systems. We found that metal chelators are not effective in prevention of glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro, and there is no correlation between the antiglycating effects of 32 compounds and their iron chelation activity as measured with the ferrozine test. These data indicate that the glycation of BSA in vitro is iron-independent and is not a proper system to study the role of metals in protein glycation.
Corrosion behaviors of steels under supercritical CO2 conditions
Authors: Wei Liang , Zhang Yucheng , Pang Xiaolu , Gao Kewei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion at low partial pressure has been widely recognized, but research on supercritical CO2 (SC CO2) corrosion is very limited. By far, investigations on steel corrosion under SC CO2 conditions have mainly focused on the corrosion rate, structure, morphology, and composition of the corrosion scales as well as the electrochemical behaviors. It was found in aqueous SC CO2 environment, that the corrosion rate of carbon steel was very high, and even stainless steels (13Cr and high-alloy CrNi steels) were subjected to some corrosion. Inhibitor could reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steels and stainless steels, but none of the tested inhibitors could reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steel to an acceptable value. Impurities such as O2, SO2, and NO2 and their mixtures in SC CO2 increased the corrosion rate of carbon steel. However, the existing studies so far were very limited on the corrosion mechanism of steels in SC CO2 conditions. Thus, this paper first reviews the finding on the corrosion behaviors of steels under SC CO2 conditions, points out the shortcomings in the present investigations and finally looks forward to the research prospects on SC CO2 corrosion.
Assessing the wood quality of interior spruce (Picea glauca × P. engelmannii): variation in strength, relative density, microfibril angle, and fiber length
Authors: Mansfield Shawn D. , Parish Roberta , Ott Peter K. , Hart James F. , Goudie James W. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A dynamic interrelationship exists among wood density and fiber traits (tracheid length and microfibril angel, MFA) and the ultimate wood strength properties. Moreover, many of the basic fundamental wood attributes are heavily influenced by crown size and architecture. In an attempt to examine this interplay, we thoroughly characterized 60 interior spruce (Picea glauca × P. engelmannii) trees sampled in three age classes from four sites in central British Columbia. Breast height discs were taken, and relative wood density was measured along two radii. Tracheid length was assessed on isolated 5 years increments from pith to bark at breast height for each tree, as was MFA. Segmented regression was used to identify the “juvenile to mature wood” transition point, which revealed transition ages of 9.4 and 15.1 years for wood density and MFA, respectively, while fiber length continued to elongate until near 60 years of age. The flexural properties, modulus of elasticity (MoE) and modulus of rupture (MoR), were also quantified in the 60 individuals and found to be best predicted by V
FV, a measure of tree vigor, and not the basic wood attributes. These findings imply that long crowns carrying large amounts of foliage, V
FV, negatively impact wood strength in interior spruce.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Cast A7075 and A7075/SAF 2205 Composite Material
Authors: Karaaslan Ahmet , Kısasöz Alptekin , Atapek Ş. Hakan , Güler Kerem Altuğ 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The wear behavior of cast A7075 and A7075/SAF 2205 composite material fabricated by vacuum-assisted investment flask casting was investigated under dry sliding condition. The wear tests were carried out using a “ball-on-disc” type tribometer. In the wear tests, 100Cr6 and ZrO2 balls were used as counterparts and the load, total distance and rotating speed were selected as 10 N, 100 m and 100 rpm, respectively. The results were evaluated using the friction coefficient–distance diagram, weight loss and wear rate. All worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope and wear characteristics of the materials were discussed as a function of the microstructural features. It was concluded that composite material had lower friction coefficient, less weight loss and slower wear rate than that of cast material.
The Role of the XPF Gene Polymorphism (Xrcc4) Ser835ser in the Risk of Malignant Transformation of Cells in the Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kabziński Jacek , Majsterek Ireneusz , Dziki Adam , Mik Michał 
Published: July 2015

AbstractParticipation of DNA repair systems in the pathogenesis of cancer has been a suspected phenomenon for a long time. Decreased efficiency in DNA repair translates to their ability to fix and consequently leads to mutations and the process of carcinogenesis. Linking individual polymorphisms of DNA repair systems with an increased risk of colorectal cancer will allow the classification of patients to high-risk groups and their placement under preventive program.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of XPF gene polymorphism Ser835Ser on increasing the risk of colorectal cancer in the Polish population.Material and methods. as the material blood collected from 146 patients diagnosed with colon cancer was used. The control group consisted of 149 healthy subjects. Genotyping was performed by Taq- Man method.Results. The results indicate that genotype TCC/TCT is associated with an decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 0.574; CI 95% 0.335-0.984; p=0.043).Conclusions. Based on these results, we conclude that the XPF gene polymorphism Ser835Ser may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer
Primary Adenocarcinoma in an Oesophageal Gastric Graft – Case Report
Authors: Dranka-Bojarowska Daria , Lewiński Adam , Grabarczyk Andrzej , Lampe Paweł 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPrimary adenocarcinoma in the esophageal gastric graft is a rare complication diagnosed in patients with long-term survival. Most data concerning the diagnosis and treatment of patients with metachronic cancer in esophageal grafts is derived from Japan and South Korea. The diagnosis of cancer in esophageal gastric grafts in the European countries is rare.The study presented a case of a 66-year old male patient who, 30 months after an esophageal squamous cell cancer resection, was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophageal gastric graft. Despite control follow-up after the esophagectomy, cancer in the esophageal graft was detected during the stage that prevented performing radical surgery. The study presented the recommended diagnostic procedures and treatment options for esophageal gastric graft cancer, as well as review of available literature data
Assessment of the Results of Surgical Treatment of Zenker’S Diverticulum in Own Material
Authors: Bobkiewicz Adam , Banasiewicz Tomasz , Krokowicz Łukasz , Dryjas Andrzej , Wykrętowicz Mateusz , Katulska Katarzyna , Borejsza-Wysocki Maciej , Malinger Stanisław , Drews Michał 
Published: July 2015

AbstractZenker diverticulum (ZD) is the most common type of diverticula of the esophagus. Most often refers to men with a peak incidence in the seventh and eighth decade of life. In the majority diverticula remains asymptomatic and in patients with symptomatic course of the disease symptoms are often nonspecific.Aim of the study was to present the authors’ own experience in surgical treatment of Zenker diverticulum.Material and methods. In this paper we present an analysis of 31 patients with confirmed ZD treated surgically at the Clinic in 2004-2014. Patients were analyzed in terms of age, gender, clinical symptoms, diverticulum size, type of surgery, the time to return to the oral intake, hospital stay and perioperative complications.Results. 22 men and 9 women were enrolled it this study. The mean age of the patients was 64.8 (SD, 10.7; in the range of 28 to 82 years). 29 patients (93.5%) underwent resection of the diverticulum, while diverticulopexy was performed in two patients. In 25 (80.6%) cases stapler device was used, while in 4 (12.9%) resection was performed manually. The average size of resected diverticulum was 4.9 cm (SD, 1.5). Following the surgery in four patients (12.9%) complications were present. The average operating time was 118.7 minutes (SD, 42.2, in the range of 50 to 240 minutes). The mean length of hospital stay was 9.3 (SD, 3.3).Conclusions. Surgical treatment of ZD is associated with high effectiveness and low recurrence rate. Despite the advantages of endoscopic techniques, surgical treatment is characterized by one- stage procedure. The use of mechanical suture (stapler) significantly improves the operation, although on the basis of our own analysis there was no superiority revealed over hand sewn. Unquestionable adventage of classical technique is the opportunity to histopathological evaluation of resected diverticulum what is impossible to achieve in endoscopic techniques.
Phytochemical constituents as future antidepressants: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Farahani Marzieh Sarbandi , Rahimi Roja 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDepression is a major mental disease that is ranked as the fourth leading cause of disability. In order to avoid unwanted adverse reactions, as well as improve efficacy, current researches are seeking alternatives to conventional antidepressants. Phytochemicals provide an extensive research area in antidepressant therapies. The aim of the present study is to comprehensively review neurological evidences demonstrating the efficacy of phytochemicals in depression. For this purpose, electronic databases were searched to collect all data on the antidepressant mechanisms of phytochemicals from 1966 up to 2015. Plant metabolites from different categories including polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignanes, coumarins), alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, saponins and sapogenins, amines, and carbohydrates were found to possess antidepressant activity. Naringenin, quercetin derivatives, eugenol, piperine, diterpene alkaloids, berberine, hyperforin, riparin derivatives, ginsenosides, as well as β-carboline alkaloids are among the most relevant ones. Naringenin has represented its antidepressant effect by elevation of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucocorticoid receptors. Piperine demonstrated inhibition of monoamine oxidase enzymes, elevation of brain 5-HT and BDNF levels, and modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. The serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic effect of berberine has been proven in several studies. Quercetin derivatives have revealed antidepressant potential via elevating pro-opiomelanocortin and neuroprotective properties, as well as reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Assessing the structure-activity relationship of highly potent antidepressant phytochemicals is suggested to find future natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic antidepressants. Further clinical studies are also necessary for confirmation of natural antidepressant efficacy and completion of their safety profile.
Conventional and Non-Conventional Equipment for Pavement Surface Macrotexture Measuring
Authors: Kováč Matúš , Kotek Peter , Decký Martin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The article deals with the surface macrotexture measurement on various asphalt pavements. For the macrotexture measurement were used two differently working devices. The Profilograph GE is a continually working device owned by Slovak road administration. The ZScanner® 800 is a handoperated laser 3D scanner, which is the property of University of Zilina. As a characteristic for pavement texture evaluation was chosen the worldwide used parameter MPD.
THE FUTURE OF EVALUATION:PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Stockmann Reinhard 
Published: July 2015

<p>It is not possible to predict the future of evaluation. However, some well-founded assumptions can be made as to how evaluation is likely to develop on the basis of the current situation and the processes of social change in the future.<br />First, a series of indicators is used to show that evaluation is in a historic growth phase.</p><p>No es posible predecir el futuro de la evaluación. Sin embargo, se pueden expresar algunos supuestos fundamentados con respecto a cómo se va a desarrollar, teniendo en cuenta la situación actual, y los procesos de cambio social en el futuro.<br />En primer lugar se muestra, mediante una serie de indicadores, que la evaluación se encuentra en un período de crecimiento histórico. Después de formular tres funciones<br />sociales de la evaluación, se constata que el grado de institucionalización de cada una de ellas es muy distinto. En la mayoría de las organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, la evaluación se ha establecido sólidamente como una función de gestión. En cambio, la evaluación está menos institucionalizada como herramienta<br />de gobernanza democrática. Las estructuras más débilmente institucionalizadas se encuentran en la función “iluminadora” de la evaluación. Al respecto, para mejorarlas serían necesarias instituciones independientes, con presupuesto, que puedan actuar sin limitaciones administrativas o agendas externas.<br />La última parte del artículo se centra en los retos y los peligros que la evaluación debe enfrentar para que la importancia de las tres funciones de la evaluación aumente en vez de disminuir.</p>
Um Desafio a La Mirada Masculinista: Recursos Humanos por Gabriela Liffschitz
Authors: Foster David William 
Published: July 2015

Resumo: Gabriela Liffschitz (falecida em 1983) é um exemplo particularmente único de fotografia urbana contemporânea argentina, por ter devotado a sua obra a documentar sua luta contra o câncer terminal. Não apenas ela foi brutalmente franca na exposição das consequências do câncer – uma doença que ataca particularmente as mulheres e é muitas vezes consequência dos transtornos da moderna vida urbana- como também produziu, nesse processo, uma fotografia que desafiava o olhar sexista masculino sobre o corpo feminino erotizado.Palavras-chave: Gabriela Liffschitz;mastectomia; olhar masculino; corpo feminino.Abstract: Gabriela Liffschitz (died 1983) was a particularly unique example of contemporary Argentine urban photography, as she devoted her work to chronicling her struggle against terminal cancer. Not only was she brutally frank in showing the consequences of cancer - a disease that particularly affects women and is often the consequence of the ravages of modem urban life- but in the process she produced a photography that defied the sexist male gaze of the eroticized female body.Keywords: Liffschitz; Gabriela; mastectomy; male gaze; women’s body.
As dominantes na tradução brasileira do Zibaldone, de Leopardi
Authors: Guerini Andréia , Palma Anna , Moysés Tânia Mara 
Published: July 2015

Este artigo propõe mostrar algumas das estratégias da tradução em português brasileiro do Zibaldone di pensieri (1817-1832), de Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837). Uma das teorias que orientam a tradução é a de Peeter Torop (2010), que destaca a escolha das dominantes do texto da tradução como parte da estratégia tradutória. Tal escolha está estritamente relacionada à identificação das dominantes do original, a qual decorre de uma atenta análise, orientada a individualizar os elementos que o caracterizam e determinam a sua poética. No caso específico do Zibaldone, as dominantes da tradução brasileira podem ser consideradas como variantes que são ajustadas e revistas à medida que procede a tradução. Isso se deve à peculiaridade dessa obra de Leopardi, ao número de participantes da atividade tradutória e ao fato de que a tradução será publicada em várias etapas on-line (www.zibaldone.cce.ufsc.br), assumindo, por vários aspectos, as características de um texto “aberto” e em “movimento”.
SELLARS, Simon; O’HARA, Dan (Org.) Extreme metaphors: selected interviews with J.G. Ballard, 1967-2008. Londres: Fourth Estate, 2012. 510 p.
Authors: Groppo Pedro 
Published: July 2015

Resenha de Extreme metaphors: selected interviews with J.G. Ballard, 1967-2008, organizado por Simon Sellars e Dan O'Hara.
O Cinema Anti-guerra
Authors: Burns Tom 
Published: July 2015

<p>Resumo: o presente trabalho procura estabelecer algumas características do filme anti-guerra a partir da premissa de que as diferenças culturais e raciais dos inimigos de guerra são apagadas e a noção de uma humanidade em comum, emotivamente atraente mas teoricamente problemática, e transmitida ao espectador Argumenta-se, aqui, no entanto, que tal mensagem humanística não constitui uma proposta utópica para pôr fim à guerra, mas sim uma proposta que vem a contrapor a ideologia patriótica usada pelos governos para justificar a guerra.</p><p> Palavras-chave: filmes de guerra, filmes anti-guerra, patriotismo, humanismo</p>
Análises físicas das águas subterrâneas de poços localizados nas comunidades Várzea Comprida dos Oliveiras e Bezerro no município de Pombal-PB
Authors: Chaves Alan Dél Carlos Gomes , Almeida Ricardo Ricelli Pereira de , Crispim Diêgo Lima , Silva Francisco Tales da , Silva Elton Pereira da 
Published: July 2015

<p><span>As águas subterrâneas são aquelas que se infiltram através da superfície do terreno e enchem os espaços vazios dos interstícios das rochas. A irrigação é uma prática agrícola que visa principalmente atender as necessidades hídricas das culturas no momento adequado. A água utilizada na irrigação das hortaliças é derivada de poços tubulares e do rio Piranhas. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros físicos da água dos poços das comunidades Bezerro e Várzea Comprida dos Oliveiras. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Pombal-PB, por meio de visitas feitas nas comunidades, as quais trabalham com a produção de hortaliças irrigada com água subterrânea. Foram coletadas 18 amostras de água nas comunidades citadas e realizadas as seguintes análises físicas: Turbidez, temperatura e cor. Os poços apresentaram redução nos valores de Turbidez a partir de fevereiro, pois as chuvas conseguiram diluir os materiais presentes na água dos poços. Os valores obtidos para cor estão dentro do padrão exigido para irrigação. A temperatura apresentou pouca oscilação nos valores no decorrer do trabalho.<strong></strong></span></p>
Simulation of PVT Experiments
Authors: Bouett L. W. , Sageev A. , Orr F. M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
An interactive program was written to simulate pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experiments using a microcomputer. The simulator is a real time representation of an actual PVT laboratory. Operations that may be performed in the laboratory may also be performed on the simulator. The Peng-Robinson equation of state is used to calculate phase behavior and the results of the calculations are displayed on the microcomputer monitor in color. The monitor represents graphically the condition of all of the physical components of the PVT lab including pressures, fluid levels in vessels and the status of valves and pumps. A printed record of every action taken during a run is kept if desired. A simulated experimental error results in an appropriate termination of the run. Program structure and operation are described, and examples of simulated PVT experiments are given.