bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy as first−line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: evaluating based on reconstructed individual patient data
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Li Shuang , Cheng Ying 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveSelecting between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor or programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients urgently needs to be answered.MethodsEligible phase 3 randomized clinical trials evaluating regimens based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line treatment in ES-SCLC patients were systematically searched on the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases and major international conferences from 01/01/2018 to 18/09/2023. The individual patient data (IPD) were recuperated from the Kaplan–Meier curves of the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the included studies using the IPDfromKM method. The reconstructed data were pooled into unified arms, including the PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy group (PD-L1 group), PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy group (PD-1 group), and PD-1 (L1) inhibitor and chemotherapy plus other (anlotinib group, tiragolumab group, and tremelimumab group). Subsequently, the PD-L1 group was indirectly compared with the other groups. A standard statistical analysis was conducted using the “survival” package for the time-to-event endpoint. The primary outcomes were the OS and PFS of the PD-L1 group and the PD-1 inhibitor group. The secondary outcomes included safety and the 12- and 24-month restricted mean survival time (RMST) of the PD-L1 group and PD-1 group.ResultsA total of 9 studies including 11 immunotherapy cohorts were included. No significant difference in PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–1.06), OS (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84–1.05), and 12-month and 24-month RMST for OS (P = 0.198 and P = 0.216, respectively) was observed between the PD-L1 group and the PD-1 group. In contrast, the anlotinib group showed significantly better OS (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55–0.89), PFS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58–0.83), and RMST for OS compared to the PD-L1 group. The tiragolumab group showed similar efficacy to the PD-L1 group. However, the tremelimumab group exhibited inferior efficacy than the PD-L1 group. The incidence of ≥grade 3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was significantly higher in the PD-1 group compared to the PD-L1 group (85.4% vs. 69.6%, P &lt;.001), whereas the incidence of irAEs was similar between the two groups.ConclusionThis reconstructed IPD analysis revealed that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy achieved similar efficacy to PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in ES-SCLC patients, whereas PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy had a better safety profile.
Gestational age at birth, birth weight, and gestational age when intrauterine brain sparing occurs determines the neonatal outcome in growth-restricted infants born before 32 weeks of gestation: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Köber Franziska , Heimann Yvonne , Lehmann Thomas , Schleußner Ekkehard , Proquitté Hans , Groten Tanja 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPreterm birth and fetal growth restriction are the main determinants of perinatal mortality. In the absence of therapeutic interventions, management is restricted to the observation of fetal growth and fetoplacental perfusion to determine the timing of delivery. Fetal circulatory redistribution, known as “brain sparing,” represents a sign of fetal hypoxia and has been implemented in algorithms for when to deliver. In the absence of any other option, the nitric oxide donor pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN), which has been shown to improve fetoplacental flow and reduce preterm birth in high-risk patients, is offered to patients as a personal therapy attempt. The aim of this study was to evaluate determinants related to pregnancy, including PETN intake during pregnancy, on immediate neonatal outcomes in a cohort of growth-restricted infants born before 32 completed weeks of gestation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 98 infants born with a birth weight below the 10th percentile before 32 completed weeks of gestation at our tertiary care center between 2010 and 2019. PETN was offered to all mothers with a history of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes who were at high risk of developing fetal growth restriction as an individual therapy attempt.ResultsThe mean gestational age at birth was 188.5 days, and the mean birth weight was 549 g, corresponding to a median percentile of three. In 73 (79.3%) cases, brain sparing occurred during pregnancy. A total of 22 (22.4%) neonates were stillborn, 20 died postnatally, and 37.3% developed a severe complication. Multivariable analysis revealed birth weight percentile, gestational age at birth, and gestational age when brain sparing first occurred to be robust predictors of mortality or severe neonatal morbidity. In 39 neonates of mothers taking PETN, this impact of brain sparing was not observed.ConclusionOur study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between the early occurrence of brain-sparing and severe neonatal outcomes in a cohort of very early preterm, growth-restricted newborns. The data suggest that PETN intake may ameliorate the effect of brain sparing in the affected neonates.
Effectiveness of molnupiravir for treating COVID-19 in patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Liu Ting-Hui , Liao Hsuan-Yi , Chang Chih-Cheng , Lai Chih-Cheng 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis study investigated the clinical effectiveness of molnupiravir for treating non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorder.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX research network to identify patients with psychiatric disorder who experienced non-hospitalized COVID-19 between 1 January 2022, and 1 May 2023. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match patients receiving molnupiravir (treated group) with those who did not (untreated group). The outcome included short-term outcomes - the composite of all-cause hospitalization or death within 30 days and the risk of post-COVID-19 conditions up to a year after COVID-19 diagnosis.ResultsTwo groups of 9,421 patients, each with balanced baseline characteristics, were identified using the PSM method. During the 30-day follow-up, treated group was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization or mortality compared to untreated group (HR, 0.760; 95% CI, 0.665–0.869). Compared to untreated group, treated group also exhibited a decreased risk of experiencing post-COVID-19 conditions, including chest/throat pain (HR, 0.615; 95% CI, 0.543–0.696), abnormal breathing (HR, 0.761; 95% CI, 0.687–0.884), abdominal symptoms (HR, 0.748; 95% CI, 0.674–0.831), fatigue (HR, 0.718; 95% CI, 0.638–0.808), headache (HR, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.665–0.852), cognitive symptoms (HR, 0.769; 95% CI, 0.630–0.940), myalgia (HR, 0.647; 95% CI, 0.530–0.789), cough (HR, 0.867; 95% CI, 0.770–0.978), and palpitation (HR, 0.641; 95% CI, 0.534–0.770) during the 1-year follow-up.ConclusionMolnupiravir could be associated with lower rates of all-cause hospitalization or death and also lower risk of post-COVID-19 condition among non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorder.
Emerging athletes’ career transitions in professional sport: an existential multi-case perspective
Authors: Thomas P. G. , Lucas P. , Walters S. , Oldham A. R. H. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis article examines athletes preparing for, transitioning into, or going through the developmental stages of a professional sports career, referred to as the emerging athlete career transition. This transition includes events such as selections, Junior-to-Senior promotions, contracting, migration, and early exits. The article presents the collective findings of a multi-case study in three professional sports: rugby league, basketball, and boxing.MethodConsistent with pragmatic qualitative research methodology, a stratified data set was collected and analysed, incorporating researcher-practitioner fieldwork, interviews, documents and artefacts for these cases. This article explores unique events and the demographic and cultural implications of navigating emergent transitions along professional sporting pathways in New Zealand.FindingsThese findings highlight the importance of building self-efficacy as a pre-condition for coping through preparation and experience.RecommendationsRecommendations include fostering collaborative cultures and authentic support relationships to facilitate better coping alongside athletic and personal development in these high-pressured environments. Furthermore, understanding existential perspectives of meaning, choice, and responsibility provides insights for developing the resources that allow emerging athletes to thrive in life beyond sport.
The Influence of Financial Ratios on The Return on Assets in Multinational Companies
Authors: Rizkyanti Mira , Herlinawati Erna , Suryaningprang Andre 
Published: July 2024

PT Malindo Feedmill Tbk is hampered by a decline in profit in 2022 of 56.54% which has an impact on the return on assets (ROA) of only 0.6%. The aim of this research is to find out whether the decline in Return On Assets is affected by Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TATO) and Net Profit Margin (NPM). This research uses quantitative methods and secondary data as well as purposive sampling. On the data obtained, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests and partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing were carried out. The test results show that CR has no significant effect on ROA with tcount 0.709 < ttable 2.776 and sig. 0.510 > 0.05; DER has no significant effect on ROA with tcount 1.492 < ttable 2.776 and sig. 0.196 > 0.05; TATO has a significant effect on ROA with tcount 4,028 > ttable 2,776 and sig 0.010 < 0.05; NPM has a significant effect on ROA with tcount 5.079 > ttable 2.776 and sig 0.004 Ftable 5.19, and sig. 0.013 < 0.05 and contributes to ROA of 89%, the remaining 11% is influenced by other factors outside the research model.
Etika sebagai kompas menuju tujuan bisnis yang bermoral lebih dari sekadar laba
Authors: Septiyana Renny , Nuranisa Arif Marieta , Hulwaliya Dieza Mahira , Natazia Depari Eredita , Cinta Nur Maulida Ulrica 
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Dalam era global, usaha tidak hanya berfokus pada laba atau keuntungan, tetapi juga harus memperhatikan nilai-nilai etika dan moral. Etika hadir tidak hanya sebagai aturan hukum yang harus ditaati oleh sebuah perusahaan, tetapi juga membantu perusahaan untuk memperhatikan dampak bisnis mereka terhadap masyarakat dan lingkungan sehingga hal ini secara tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi citra perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa etika dan moral dalam suatu usaha memberikan manfaat bagi pihak yang terlibat, termasuk pelanggan, karyawan, masyarakat dan lingkungan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menganalisis bagaimana penerapan etika dan moral dalam sebuah UMKM berpengaruh terhadap laba perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menjelaskan mengenai peran etika dan moral terhadap tujuan sebuah usaha yang bermoral, bukan hanya pada laba semata. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi mengenai UMKM Belasan. Dari hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa penerapan etika dan moral pada suatu usaha tidak mengurangi laba perusahaan, melainkan dapat meningkatkan laba serta membantu perusahaan mencapai tujuan yang bermoral seperti berbagi kepada masyarakat sekitar.

Kata Kunci : Tujuan Usaha, Etika, Moral, Laba Perusahaan, Usaha
Analysis of Homeostasis Indicators in Women with Placenta Accretion Before and After Delivery
Authors: Гошкевич Е.А. 
Published: June 2024

Состояние гомеостаза у женщин с приращением плаценты представляет научный и практический интерес. Женщины с центральным предлежанием и приращением плаценты относятся к группе высокого риска по массивным кровотечениям, разрыву матки, травме мочевого пузыря или мочеточников во время операции кесарева сечения. Была проведена оценка состояния гомеостаза у 34 женщин с приращением плаценты и у 49 женщин группы сравнения без признаков приращения. У женщин с приращением плаценты были выявлены статистически значимые различия (p<0,05) в показателях системы гомеостаза во время беременности по сравнению с женщинами без приращения плаценты, проявляющиеся в снижении количества эритроцитов, уровня гемоглобина, мочевины и креатинина, активности факторов протромбинового комплекса. Снижение данных показателей свидетельствует о нарушении функции печени и наличии анемического синдрома у женщин с приращением плаценты. Дисбаланс показателей гомеостаза во время беременности у женщин с приращением плаценты может быть интерпретирован как предиктор патологической инвазии плаценты с ранних сроков беременности.
The state of homeostasis of women with placenta accretion is of scientific and practical interest, since women with central presentation and placenta accretion are at high risk for massive bleeding, rupture of the uterus, injury to the bladder or ureters during cesarean section. The state of homeostasis was assessed in 34 women with placental increment and in 49 women of the comparison group without signs of increment. In women with placental increment, statistically significant differences in the indicators of the homeostasis system during pregnancy were revealed compared with women without placental increment, manifested in a decrease in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, urea and creatinine levels, AFPC. A decrease in these indicators indicates a violation of liver function and the presence of anemic syndrome in women with placenta accretion. The imbalance of homeostasis indicators during pregnancy in women with placental increment and can be interpreted as predictors of pathological invasion of the placenta from early pregnancy.
Features of Medical Termination of Pregnancy and Rehabilitation in Young Women
Authors: Можейко Л.Ф. , Рунец У.Ф. 
Published: June 2024

Искусственное прерывание беременности в юном возрасте оказывает негативное влияние на репродуктивное здоровье и фертильность в будущем, в связи с чем важно определить наиболее щадящий метод прерывания нежелательной беременности. Раннее начало половой жизни, неосведомленность в вопросах контрацепции, ее недоступность по финансовым соображениям часто являются причиной абортов. К искусственному аборту нередко прибегают девушки, еще не выполнившие детородную функцию. Согласно сведениям предабортного консультирования, не останавливает их даже тот факт, что каждая четвертая, прервавшая первую беременность хирургическим путем, становится бесплодной.
Artificial termination of pregnancy at a young age has a negative impact on reproductive health and fertility in the future, and therefore it is important to determine the most gentle method of terminating an unwanted pregnancy. Early onset of sexual activity, lack of awareness of contraception, and its inaccessibility for financial reasons are often the cause of abortions. Girls who have not yet completed their childbearing function often resort to induced abortion. According to information from pre-abortion counseling, even the fact that every fourth woman who surgically terminates her first pregnancy does not stop them becomes infertile.
Erythrocyte and Reticulocyte Indicators in Newborn Children of the Belarusian Population
Authors: Гомолко К.А. , Девялтовская М.Г. , Артюшевская М.В. , Русак А.А. , Кеда М.В. , Крамко Д.А. 
Published: June 2024

Введение. Для оценки состояния здоровья новорожденного ребенка имеет значение комплексная интерпретация как клинических, так и лабораторных показателей. Цель. Установить референтные интервалы эритроцитарных и ретикулоцитарных показателей у здоровых новорожденных детей белорусской популяции в первые сутки жизни. Материалы и методы. Обследованная группа включила 275 новорожденных детей белорусской популяции, из них 134 мальчика (48,7%) и 141 девочка (51,3%), родившихся в сроке гестации 37–41 неделя (262–292 дня). Все дети родились в удовлетворительном состоянии с оценкой по шкале Апгар на первой и пятой минуте 8 баллов и выше. Массо-ростовые показатели соответствовали гестационному возрасту, ранний неонатальный период протекал без патологии. Гематологические исследования капиллярной крови выполнены на автоматическом анализаторе Sysmex XN-350. Результаты. Получены РИ 18 эритроцитарных и ретикулоцитарных показателей капиллярной крови у здоровых новорожденных мальчиков и девочек белорусской популяции. Установлены статистически значимые гендерные различия по следующим показателям: средняя концентрация гемоглобина в эритроците, количество микроцитов, абсолютное и относительное количество ретикулоцитов. Заключение. Использование в неонатальной практике РИ эритроцитарных и ретикулоцитарных показателей позволит расширить диапазон клинико-лабораторной интерпретации гемограмм у новорожденных детей белорусской популяции.
Introduction. To assess the health status of a newborn child, a comprehensive interpretation of both clinical and laboratory indicators is important. Purpose. To establish reference intervals of erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices in healthy newborn children of the Belarusian population on the first day of life. Materials and methods. The examined group included 275 newborn children of the Belarusian population, of which 134 were boys (48.7%) and 141 girls (51.3%), born at a gestational age of 37–41 weeks (262–292 days). All newborn babies were born in satisfactory condition, the Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes was 8 points or higher, there was a correspondence of weight and height indicators to the gestational age, the early neonatal period proceeded without pathology. Hematological studies of capillary blood were performed on an automatic analyzer Sysmex XN-350. Results. Reference intervals (RI) were obtained for 18 erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters of capillary blood in healthy newborn boys and girls of the Belarusian population. Statistically significant gender differences were established for such indicators as: the average concentration of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte, the number of microcytes, the absolute and relative number of reticulocytes. Conclusion. The use of erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters in neonatal practice of RI will expand the range of clinical and laboratory interpretation of hemograms in newborns.
Aesthetic and Therapeutic Possibilities of Combined Oral Contraceptives. Review
Authors: Иванишкина-Кудина О.Л. 
Published: June 2024

Гормональная контрацепция используется во всем мире не только как метод профилактики нежелательной беременности, но и для достижения лечебных целей. В современной практике дополнительные эффекты гормональной контрацепции нередко выступают в роли основного аргумента при выборе препарата: она предлагается для лечения акне, заболеваний кожи, уменьшения менструальных выделений или облегчения предменструального синдрома, лечения множества гинекологических заболеваний, а также для профилактики процессов старения и снижения овариального резерва.
Hormonal contraception is used all over the world not only as a method of preventing unwanted pregnancy, but also to achieve therapeutic purposes. In modern practice, the additional effects of hormonal contraception often act as the main argument when choosing a drug: it is offered for the treatment of acne, skin diseases, reducing menstrual flow or alleviating premenstrual syndrome, treating many gynecological diseases, as well as preventing the aging process and reducing ovarian reserve.
Penjadwalan Pemeliharaan Mesin Produksi Menggunakan Reliability Centered Maintenance
Authors: Sastriawan Alun 
Published: June 2024

CV. ABC is a furniture business that produces home equipment which includes all items, namely chairs, tables, cupboards, beds, nightstands, wooden stairs, etc. The aim of this research was to determine maintenance scheduling for production machines, namely wood cutting machines and drilling machines, and provide suggestions for improving the maintenance scheduling of production machines, namely wood cutting machines and drilling machines, which are more effective. The advantage of the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method is that it prioritizes the main action of preventive maintenance, namely preventing and minimizing the consequences of failures that arise, so that it can increase the reliability and safety of the equipment used. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a technique for evaluating the level of reliability of a system to determine the effects of failure of the system. Based on the results of data processing and research discussion regarding production machine maintenance scheduling using RCM at CV. ABC, a conclusion can be drawn, namely, the Cutting Machine has a breakdown frequency of 26 times with the Bearing component having the most breakdown frequency, namely 8 times, the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) calculation is Solenoid component with a value of 105, Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) calculation with a value of 111.5385 and Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR) with a value of 0.769231. The drilling machine has a breakdown frequency of 24 times with the Drill Bit component having the highest breakdown frequency, namely 6 times, the highest RPN calculation is the Drill Bit component with a value of 105, MTTF calculation with a value of 120.8333 and MTTR with a value of 0.8333.
STUDI ASPEK YURIDIS SOSIOLOGIS PENYELESAIAN KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN SEBAGAI ISTRI DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Lewoleba Kayus Kayowuan 
Published: July 2024

Dasar pemikiran dari pada penelitian ini adalah maraknya kasus-kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan khususnya perempuan sebagai istri dalam rumah tangga. Kedudukan perempuan dalam rumah tangga sebagai istri pada dasarnya harus sejalan dengan tujuan utama dari pada sebuah perkawinan yaitu membentuk suatu rumah tangga yang bahagia. Namun dalam kenyataan bahwa bahwa posisi perempuan dalam struktur sosial masyarakat secara umum, belum sesuai dengan harapan. Kondisi ini diperkuat dengan aturan adat istiadat dan legitimasi agama yang memposisikan perempuan sebagai sub bagian dari laki-laki dan berada dibawah laki-laki. Hal ini yang menyebabkan masalah sosial seperti kekerasan terhadap perempuan masih menjadi momok yang mendera sebagian besar perempuan dalam kedudukan sebagai istri dalam masyarakat. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apa faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan terhadap perempuan sebagai istri dalam rumah tangga bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian kekerasan terhadap perempuan sebagai istri dalam rumah tangga. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme penyelesaian dengan sarana penal dan non penal menjadi beberapa formula yang bisa diterapkan untuk menyelesaikan kasus-kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan sebagi istri dalam rumah tangga. Faktor budaya, adat istiadat dan legitimasi agama terhadap posisi perempuan dalam masyarakat khuusnya sebagai istri dalam rumah tangga menjadi faktor pemicu maraknya kekerasan terhadap perempuan sebagai istri dalam rumah tangga.