bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Проблема контекстуализации образовательных результатов:школы, социальный состав учащихся и уровень депривации территорий
Authors: Yastrebov Gordey , Bessudnov Alexey , Pinskaya Мarina , Kosaretsky Sergey 
Published: July 2015

Ястребов Гордей Александрович - кандидат социологических наук, стар-ший научный сотрудник Лаборатории сравнительного анализа развития постсоциалистических обществ НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: gordey.yastrebov@gmail.comБессуднов Алексей Рудольфович - PhD, научный сотрудник Института фундаментальных междисциплинарных исследований НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail:abessudnov@hse.ruПинская Марина Александровна - кандидат педагогических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра социально-экономического развития школы Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: m-pinskaya@yandex.ruСергей Геннадьевич Косарецкий - кандидат психологических наук, директор Центра социально-экономического развития школы Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail:skosaretski@hse.ruАнализируется связь различий в образовательных результатах между российскими школами с их различиями по характеристикам 1) социального состава учащихся, 2) самих образовательных учреждений и 3) территорий, на которых они расположены. Использованы данные социальных паспортов, собранные в ходе обследования в Московской и Ярославской области в 2011–2012 гг., а также материалы муниципальной статистики, позволяющие на основе ограниченного набора показателей оценить уровень социально-экономической депривации в поселениях разного типа. Статистический анализ проводился с использованием двухуровневой регрессионной модели. Результаты анализа позволяют констатировать, что академическая успеваемость (средние показатели ЕГЭ по русскому языку и математике) действительно устойчиво различается для школ 1) с разным социальным составом учащихся и 2) с разным кадровым и материальным обеспечением. Уровень депривации территорий самостоятельного влияния на образовательные результаты не оказывает: типично низкие результаты обучения, например, в сельских школах связаны со свойственной им нехваткой ресурсов и особенностями социального состава учащихся.
Диагностика реальной структуры образовательной организации
Authors: Ushakov Konstantin 
Published: July 2015

Ушаков Константин Михайлович - доктор педагогических наук, профессор Института развития образования НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: konst@direktor.ruПонятие «реальная структура школы» интегрирует формализованные и неформализованные профессиональные отношения в образовательной организации. В статье рассматриваются как основания, так и инструментарий, позволяющий оценивать реальные устойчивые профессиональные связи в организации, их конфигурации и иные характеристики, свойственные сетевым структурам. Автор исходит из предположения о простоте (низком уровне сложности) реальной структуры школы, которая рассматривается как социальная сеть. Низкий уровень сложности сети может быть существенным препятствием на пути развития конкретной организации, а усложнение реальной структуры является важным ресурсом увеличения эффективности образовательной деятельности и способствует наращиванию социального и, как следствие, человеческого капитала школы. Проведен пилотный этап исследования на базе пяти российских школ из разных регионов. Показано, что реальные структуры взаимодействия в них действительно характеризуются низким уровнем сложности: в школьных коллективах доминируют односторонние связи, доля взаимных связей незначительна, типичной конфигурацией взаимных связей является диада, присутствие триад крайне ограниченно.
Связи дружбы и помощи при обучении в университете
Authors: Valeeva Diliara , Poldin Oleg , Yudkevich Maria 
Published: July 2015

Валеева Диляра Рашитовна - стажер-исследователь Международной научно-учебной лаборатории институционального анализа экономических реформ НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: dvaleeva@hse.ruПольдин Олег Викторович- кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник Международнойнаучно-учебной лаборатории институционального анализа экономических реформ НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: opoldin@hse.ruАдрес: 603155,Нижний Новгород, ул. Б. Печерская,д. 25/12. Юдкевич Мария Марковна- кандидат экономических наук, проректор, директор Института институциональных исследований НИУ ВШЭ. E-mail: yudkevich@hse.ruИсследуются характеристики социальных связей студентов, обучающихся на экономическом факультете одного из российских университетов. Показано, как дружеские связи и связи помощи при обучении соотносятся с индивидуальными чертами студентов. Для обеих сетей характерна взаимность связей и склонность связей замыкаться в триады. Вероятность наличия связи между студентами зависит от их принадлежности к одной учебной группе и к одному полу. Студенты обращаются за помощью и дружат с одногруппниками со схожим уровнем академических достижений. Академически успешные студенты востребованы в сети помощи, однако не являются популярными в сети дружбы. Обсуждается значение дружеских связей между студентами для формирования эффектов сообучения.
O valor enorme das palavras
Authors: Miranda Wander Melo 
Published: July 2015

<p>Estudo de Infância, de Graciliano Ramos, com ênfase na reflexão sobre os conflitos que envolvem, na obra desse escritor, texto e história, sujeito e discurso, memória e imaginação.</p><p> </p><p>Étude sur le livre Infância de Graciliano Ramos, qui met en évidence les conflits entre le texte et la mémoire, entre le sujet et le discours, entre la mémoire et l’imagination.</p>
Cuentos en pie de guerra: caperucitas y patitos feos al servicio de los más diversos ideales. (Adaptaciones de cuentos tradicionales en la Guerra Civil Española.)
Authors: Ortiz César Sánchez 
Published: July 2015

<p> La Literatura Infantil en España comenzó a vivir durante el siglo XX y, sobre todo, durante la II República, una edad dorada que, como toda la vida española en sus más diferentes ámbitos, se vio truncada por el radical enfrentamiento entre dos formas distintas de pensar y llevar a cabo la organización social y política del país: los republicanos y los franquistas. La LIJ fue también testigo de esas diferencias; en sus páginas nos quedan muestras de aquellos enfrentamientos, presentes en ediciones de cuentos tradicionales utilizadas con los más diversos fines: a veces para justificar unos y atacar otros, a veces para justificar modelos de conducta con el fin de adoctrinar en las distintas ideologías a los más jóvenes ya desde sus primeras lecturas. Lo cierto es que la mayoría de las veces la buena literatura quedó relegada a un segundo plano a favor de la exaltación de los distintos ideales y del proselitismo partidista. Partiendo del análisis de algunas adaptaciones de cuentos tradicionales para estos fines bélicos durante la Guerra Civil Española, donde encontramos a personajes tan conocidos como Caperucita Roja, el Patito Feo, Alí Babá, Traganiños,... del lado de los distintos bandos y en las más curiosas circunstancias, se intenta mostrar la utilización en muchos casos de los cuentos en este determinado periodo histórico como medio y no como literatura ni, por tanto, como fin en sí mismos.</p>
Developing autonomy through awareness of textual features in academic texts
Authors: McGarrell Hedy M. 
Published: July 2015

Research on ESL writing suggests that current pedagogical practices typicallytrain developing writers to submit their texts to their teacher for comments and “correction”, without opportunities to develop independent self-editing skills. These practices focus primarily on sentence-level grammar, vocabulary and mechanics. This study reports on an exploration into introducing university-level writers to online corpus tools to develop their ability to edit their own work. Ten native and non-native speaking participants analysed corpus materials and published journal articles relevant to their discipline to compare selected uses of grammar and vocabulary with their own texts. Insights from triangulated data sources (participanttexts, participant and teacher interview data) show how participants edited their work using the corpus tools. Benefits related specifically to awareness of lexical conventions and sentence structure.
Canadian English teachers: Volunteering to teach their mother tongue in a foreign country
Authors: Romero Gloria 
Published: July 2015

In order to increase English language proficiency in Chile, native English speakers are recruited to work as volunteer teachers. This qualitative study explores the ESL teaching experiences of 10 Canadian volunteers who worked in Chilean public schools. Data was collected through closed- and open-ended surveys applied before teaching and one-on-one interviews after eight months. This study is situated within the literature on volunteering and English language teaching (ELT); in addition, socioconstructivist and experiential lenses were adopted, based on Vygotsky and Dewey respectively. The results showed that when volunteer teachersrecalled their experiences teaching English abroad, they acknowledged the importance of student motivation, use of the mother tongue, the feeling of frustration, interaction with EFL students, previous experiences, teaching strategies, and views about English language teaching.
FLACSO, CLACSO y la búsqueda de una sociología latinoamericana
Authors: Stavenhagen Rodolfo 
Published: July 2015

El texto es un aporte personal de la memoria del autor vinculada a algunos momentos que vivió en relación con el desarrollo de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO) y del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO). AbstractBased on his personal memories, the author reflects on significant moments in the creationand development of the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO)and the Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO).
Experimental evidence that dispersal drives ant community assembly in human‐altered ecosystems
Authors: King Joshua R. , Tschinkel Walter R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA key shortcoming in our understanding of exotic species’ success is that it is not known how post‐introduction dispersal contributes to the success of exotic species and the reassembly of invaded communities. Exotic and native species face poorly understood competition–colonization trade‐offs in heterogeneous landscapes of natural and anthropogenic habitats. We conducted three experiments that tested how ant queen behavior during dispersal affects community composition. Using experimental plots, we tested whether (1) different types of habitat disturbance and (2) different sizes of habitat disturbance affected the abundance of newly mated queens landing in the plots. The three most abundant species captured were the exotic fire ant Solenopsis invicta, and the native species Brachymyrmex depilis, and S. pergandei, respectively. When queens were considered collectively, more queens landed in plowed, sand‐added, and roadside plots than in control or mow plots, in other words, in the more heavily disturbed plots. We also tested (3) the effect of habitat manipulations on the survival of newly mated fire ant queens (Solenopsis invicta). Soil disturbance (tilling), lack of shade, and removal (poisoning) of the ant community resulted in the greatest fire ant colony survivorship. Collectively, experiments revealed that both exotic and native newly mated ant queens select open, human‐altered ecosystems for founding new colonies. The selection of such habitats by fire ant queens leads to their successful colony founding and ultimately to their dominance in those habitats. Selection of disturbed habitats is therefore advantageous for exotic species but is an ecological trap for native species because they do not often succeed in founding colonies in these habitats.
Efficacy of Human Chorion Membrane Allograft for Recession Coverage: A Case Series
Authors: Esteves Janice , Bhat K.M. , Thomas Betsy , Varghese Jothi M. , Jadhav Tanya 
Published: July 2015

Background: Membranes of human placentas have been used in the field of medicine for skin grafts, treatment of burns, and ulcerated skin conditions with great success. The use of placenta allografts in dentistry is a more recent development, with the first commercial product being made available in 2008. The unique inherent biologic properties in placenta allografts enhance wound healing and may propagate regeneration.Methods: Ten healthy adult patients presenting with 21 Miller Class I gingival recession (GR) defects (isolated or adjacent multiple) were surgically treated with a modified coronally advanced flap and chorion membrane for root coverage. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were probing depth, clinical attachment level, GR height, width of keratinized gingiva, and assessment of gingival biotype. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the treatment outcomes at the follow‐up intervals.Results: The results showed statistically significant (P <0.001) improvements in all clinical parameters at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. The mean percentage of root coverage at the end of 6 months was 89.92% ± 15.59%, and 14 of 21 treated GR defects showed 100% root coverage. The gingival biotype also showed a thick biotype in nine sites that had an initial thin biotype.Conclusions: Fetal membranes possess distinctive properties that can be harnessed to promote periodontal healing. The chorion membrane covered by a modified coronally advanced flap is a new approach that has shown promising results in terms of root coverage, increased width of keratinized tissue, and thickness of the gingival biotype.
Asphaltene Precipitation During Bitumen Extraction With Expanding-Solvent Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage: Effects on Pore-Scale Displacement
Authors: Mukhametshina Albina , Kar Taniya , Hascakir Berna 
Published: July 2015

Summary
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a proved enhanced-oil-recovery technique for oil-sand extraction. However, the environmental and the economic challenges associated with steam generation limit the application of this technology. To address these issues, we have investigated the effectiveness of expanding-solvent-SAGD (ES-SAGD) over base SAGD on a bitumen sample (8.8 °API). Experimental studies are conducted with a 2D physical model. Different strategies for solvent injection are tested (coinjection and cyclic injection) to examine the impact of the deposition of the asphaltene fraction of the bitumen on porous media and the behavior of the asphaltene fraction in produced oil. Toluene is used as asphaltene-soluble solvent, and n-hexane is selected as asphaltene-insoluble. Steam-chamber development is monitored with temperature profiles from 47 separate positions. The oil rate, recovery factor, and the produced-oil quality are evaluated together. The effectiveness of SAGD and ES-SAGD is discussed by considering the role of asphaltenes and their interactions with clays in both produced- and residual-oil samples. This study reveals that coinjection of hydrocarbon solvents with steam enhances the steam-chamber development with higher oil-production rate. Moreover, ES-SAGD results in recovery of more-upgraded oil and has a lesser environmental impact. We observe that the selections of solvent type and injection strategy are the most crucial parameters for the design of a hybrid SAGD process, and solvent cost and toxicity can be minimized with the recycling of solvent for continuous injection of solvents. High-energy consumption for steam generation during the SAGD process can be reduced by coinjection of proper solvent type with steam at a proper injection strategy. Our study reveals that the ES-SAGD process has environmental and economic benefits that are preferable to those of the base SAGD. However, some solvents can cause undesirable effects because of asphaltene destabilization and precipitation in production or transportation lines. The results of this work show that not only asphaltenes but also the other fractions of oil, along with the reservoir-clay type and the clay amount, affect the ES-SAGD performance.
Perdido Development: Unified Fluid Model for Integrated-Production-System Modeling
Authors: Galvan D.. , McVinnie G.. , Dindoruk B.. 
Published: July 2015

Summary
The Perdido development is one of the most-complex deepwater projects in the world. It is operated by Shell in partnership with Chevron and BP. It currently produces hydrocarbons from 12 subsea wells penetrating four separate reservoirs. The properties of produced fluid vary per reservoir as well as spatially. The producing wells display a relatively wide range of fluid gravities, between 17 and 41 °API, and producing gas/oil ratios (GORs), between 480 and 3,000 scf/bbl. The fluids produced from the subsea wells are blended in the subsea system and lifted to the topside facilities by means of five seabed caisson electrical submersible pumps. In the topside facility, gas and oil are separated, treated, and exported by means of dedicated subsea pipelines. The fluid compositions and properties across the various elements of the production system are used as input data to the respective simulation models, and the corresponding outcomes (e.g., fluid properties, compositions) vary upon the well/caisson lineup and daily operating conditions.
Given the wide spectrum of fluids produced through the Perdido spar, a special equation-of-state (EOS) characterization of the fluids had to be developed. Because a common EOS model was used to characterize the fluids, we will call this the unified fluid model (UFM) throughout this study. This approach enables accurate and efficient prediction of the properties of blended fluids and is suitable for use in an integrated-production system model (IPSM) that connects reservoirs, wells, subsea-flowline networks, and topside-facilities models. Such a modeling scheme enables effective integration among relevant engineering disciplines and can represent production and fluid data from field history with high confidence.
The IPSM uses a black-oil fluid description for the well and subsea-flowline network models. By use of the initial composition and producing GOR of each well, the fluid composition is estimated by means of a simple delumping scheme. The resulting composition is tracked through the subsea network to the topside-facilities model, where compositional flash calculations are performed. The IPSM can forecast production rates together with fluid properties and actual oil- and gas-volumetric rates across the whole production system. The model can be used to optimize production under constrained conditions, such as limited gas-compression capacity or plateau oil production.
Risk of Dementia in Seniors With Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Haroon Nisha Nigil , Austin Peter C. , Shah Baiju R. , Wu Jianbao , Gill Sudeep S. , Booth Gillian L. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
To study whether diabetes onset in late life is a risk factor for dementia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a population-based matched cohort study using provincial health data from Ontario, Canada. Seniors with (n = 225,045) and without newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 668,070) between April 1995 and March 2007 were followed until March 2012 for a new diagnosis of dementia. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compare the risk of dementia between groups after adjusting for baseline cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension, and other risk factors.

RESULTS
Over this period, we observed 169,114 new cases of dementia. Individuals with diabetes had a modestly higher incidence of dementia (2.68 vs. 2.62 per 100 person-years) than those without diabetes. In the fully adjusted Cox model, the risk of dementia was 16% higher among our subgroup with diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16 [95% CI 1.15–1.18]). Adjusted HRs for dementia were 1.20 (95% CI 1.17–1.22) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.12–1.16) among men and women, respectively. Among seniors with diabetes, the risk of dementia was greatest in those with prior cerebrovascular disease (HR 2.03; 95% CI 1.88–2.19), peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.19–1.82), and CKD (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.38–1.51), and those with one or more hospital visits for hypoglycemia (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.62–1.84).

CONCLUSIONS
In this population-based study, newly diagnosed diabetes was associated with a 16% increase in the risk of dementia among seniors. Preexisting vascular disease and severe hypoglycemia were the greatest risk factors for dementia in seniors with diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Fracture Across the Life Span: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using The Health Improvement Network (THIN)
Authors: Weber David R. , Haynes Kevin , Leonard Mary B. , Willi Steven M. , Denburg Michelle R. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to determine if type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of fracture across the life span.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This population-based cohort study used data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the U.K. (data from 1994 to 2012), in which 30,394 participants aged 0–89 years with type 1 diabetes were compared with 303,872 randomly selected age-, sex-, and practice-matched participants without diabetes. Cox regression analysis was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for incident fracture in participants with type 1 diabetes.

RESULTS
A total of 334,266 participants, median age 34 years, were monitored for 1.9 million person-years. HR were lowest in males and females age &lt;20 years, with HR 1.14 (95% CI 1.01–1.29) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.63), respectively. Risk was highest in men 60–69 years (HR 2.18 [95% CI 1.79–2.65]), and in women 40–49 years (HR 2.03 [95% CI 1.73–2.39]). Lower extremity fractures comprised a higher proportion of incident fractures in participants with versus those without type 1 diabetes (31.1% vs. 25.1% in males, 39.3% vs. 32% in females; P &lt; 0.001). Secondary analyses for incident hip fractures identified the highest HR of 5.64 (95% CI 3.55–8.97) in men 60–69 years and the highest HR of 5.63 (95% CI 2.25–14.11) in women 30–39 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Type 1 diabetes was associated with increased risk of incident fracture that began in childhood and extended across the life span. Participants with type 1 diabetes sustained a disproportionately greater number of lower extremity fractures. These findings have important public health implications, given the increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes and the morbidity and mortality associated with hip fractures.
Continuous versus pulsed origination and extinction and biozones
Authors: Trammer Jerzy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The count of biozones as an approximate measure of the origination and extinction rates of index taxa (mostly species) is proposed. The mean number of extinctions of these taxa per m.y. is 1.136 (Palaeozoic mean 0.902, Mesozoic mean 1.680, Cenozoic mean 0.789). In contrast with the majority of taxa, the originations and extinctions of index taxa, as well as of other taxa belonging to biostratigraphically important systematic groups, seems to be continuous.