bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social networks - help or hindrance in patient care
Authors: Pop S , Guz F D , Grigore A M , Sascau M , Florea G , Boeru L , Antohi E L , Chioncel O D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background/Introduction
After the pandemic, there has been a significant rise in the time people dedicate to social networks. Throughout periods of local and international lockdowns, these platforms became recognized as quicker and more effective tools for communication across various fields.

Purpose
We aimed to conduct a study to assess the effectiveness of deploying an information system to improve the communication process between patients and healthcare specialists.

Methods
A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was utilized, completed by 43 patients or their relatives admitted between January 1, 2024, and January 31, 2024 in a cardiology ward of a tertiary centre.

Results
Among all participants, a proportion of 65% was represented by middle-aged women from urban areas, with 68.4% holding higher education degrees and 31.6% with secondary education. A vast majority (98%) reported using at least one social network daily for both professional and personal reasons. Eighty-three percent believe that doctor-patient interactions on social networks are ethical and regard it as a secure and effective method for communicating with healthcare professionals. Feedback from social networks did not significantly influence the selection of doctors or medical institutions. However, social network advertising notably affects the choice of medical specialists or institutions, with 48% of respondents indicating they sought out the most prominently featured hospitals or doctors on these platforms. Despite this, 72% of respondents were unaware of personalized advertising strategies or that such messages are often crafted by public relations firms. Most found social network communication with medical staff suitable for follow-ups (92%) but not for initial assessments or determining diagnostic procedures (81%). Still, there was reluctance to rely exclusively on social networks for choosing medical services.

Conclusions
Patients and their families are open to receiving medical information and communicating with healthcare providers through social networks. However, a limited understanding of the technologies employed to boost the visibility of specific content or endorse procedures on social media could expose patients to skewed information. Responsible regulation of medical information and advertising is imperiously needed.
Self-help interventions for the prevention of relapse in mood disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lo Heidi Ka-Ying , Ho Fiona Yan-Yee , Yeung Jerry Wing-Fai , Ng Stephy Tim-Wai , Wong Eva Yuen-Ting , Chung Ka-Fai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Self-help interventions may offer a scalable adjunct to traditional care, but their effectiveness in relapse prevention is not well-established. Objectives: This review aimed to assess their effectiveness in preventing relapses among individuals with mood disorders.

Methods
We systematically reviewed the pertinent trial literature in Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases until May 2024. Randomized controlled trials that examined the self-help interventions among individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) were included. The random-effects model computed the pooled risk ratios of relapse, with subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses to explore heterogeneity sources.

Results
Fifteen papers and 16 comparisons of randomized trials involving 2735 patients with mood disorders were eligible for this meta-analysis. Adjunct self-help interventions had a small but significant effect on reducing the relapse rates of major depressive disorder (pooled risk ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.92, P = 0.0032, NNT = 11), and were marginally better in bipolar disorder (pooled risk ratio: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40–0.97, P = .0344, NNT = 12), as compared to treatment as usual (TAU). No subgroup difference was found based on intervention components, settings, delivery method, or guidance levels. The average dropout rate for self-help interventions (18.9%) did not significantly differ from TAU dropout rates. The examination of treatment adherence was highly variable, precluding definitive conclusions.

Conclusions
Self-help interventions demonstrate a modest preventative effect on relapse in mood disorders, despite low to very low certainty. Future research is essential to identify which elements of self-help interventions are most effective.
Unveiling vertebrate development dynamics in frog Xenopus laevis using micro-CT imaging
Authors: Laznovsky Jakub , Kavkova Michaela , Helena Reis Alice , Robovska-Havelkova Pavla , Maia Lorena Agostini , Krivanek Jan , Zikmund Tomas , Kaiser Jozef , Buchtova Marcela , Harnos Jakub 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog, is a versatile vertebrate model organism in various biological disciplines, prominently in developmental biology to study body plan reorganization during metamorphosis. However, a notable gap exists in the availability of comprehensive datasets encompassing Xenopus’ late developmental stages.

Findings
This study utilized micro–computed tomography (micro-CT), a noninvasive 3-dimensional (3D) imaging technique with micrometer-scale resolution, to explore the developmental dynamics and morphological changes in Xenopus laevis. Our approach involved generating high-resolution images and computed 3D models of developing Xenopus specimens, spanning from premetamorphosis tadpoles to fully mature adults. This dataset enhances our understanding of vertebrate development and supports various analyses. We conducted a careful examination, analyzing body size, shape, and morphological features, focusing on skeletogenesis, teeth, and organs like the brain and gut at different stages. Our analysis yielded valuable insights into 3D morphological changes during Xenopus’ development, documenting details previously unrecorded. These datasets hold the solid potential for further morphological and morphometric analyses, including segmentation of hard and soft tissues.

Conclusions
Our repository of micro-CT scans represents a significant resource that can enhance our understanding of Xenopus’ development and the associated morphological changes in the future. The widespread utility of this amphibian species, coupled with the exceptional quality of our scans, which encompass a comprehensive series of developmental stages, opens up extensive opportunities for their broader research application. Moreover, these scans can be used in virtual reality, 3D printing, and educational contexts, further expanding their value and impact.
Biosimilar underutilization alone does not foretell a broken biologics market
Authors: LaMountain Fariel , Beinfeld Molly T , Wong William , Kim Eunice , Chambers James D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Biosimilars offer the potential for cost savings and expanded access to biologic products; however, there are concerns regarding the rate of biosimilar uptake. We assessed the relationship between biosimilar and originator pricing, coverage, and market share by describing four case studies that fall into two categories: (1) sole preferred coverage strategy (ie, aim is to have originator product preferred; biosimilar(s) non-preferred), defined as steep average sales price (ASP) reductions for originator products (decline in net prices by at least 50% following the introduction of biosimilar competition by 2022) and (2) non-sole preferred coverage strategy (ie, aim is to have originator product preferred alongside biosimilar products), defined as moderate ASP reductions for originator products with (net prices did not decline by at least 50% of its pre-biosimilar competition value). We found that originators with sole preferred coverage strategies maintained formulary preference and market share relative to originators with non-sole preferred coverage strategies. Regardless of strategy, the market-weighted ASP for all four product families (originator and biosimilars) declined significantly in the years following the introduction of biosimilars, suggesting that biosimilar uptake alone may not be a complete measure of whether the biosimilar market is facilitating competition and lowering prices.
Leeches Predate on Fast-Escaping and Entangling Blackworms by Spiral Entombment
Authors: Tuazon Harry , David Samuel , Ma Kenneth , Bhamla Saad 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
We investigate how the Helobdella sp. freshwater leeches capture and consume Lumbriculus variegatus blackworms despite the blackworm’s ultrafast helical swimming escape reflex and ability to form large tangled “blobs.” We describe a spiral “entombment” predation strategy, where Helobdellid leeches latch onto blackworms with their anterior sucker and envelop them in a spiral cocoon. Quantitative analysis shows that larger leeches succeed more often in entombing prey, while longer worms tend to escape. The rate of spiral contraction correlates with entombment outcomes, with slower rates associated with success. These insights highlight the complex interactions between predator and prey in freshwater ecosystems, providing new perspectives on ecological adaptability and predator-prey dynamics.
Beyond lung cancer: air pollution and bladder, breast and prostate cancer incidence
Authors: Kayyal-Tarabeia Inass , Zick Aviad , Kloog Itai , Levy Ilan , Blank Michael , Agay-Shay Keren 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The carcinogenicity of air pollution and its impact on the risk of lung cancer is well known; however, there are still knowledge gaps and mixed results for other sites of cancer.

Methods
The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between ambient air pollution [fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] and cancer incidence. Exposure assessment was based on historical addresses of &gt;900 000 participants. Cancer incidence included primary cancer cases diagnosed from 2007 to 2015 (n = 30 979). Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between ambient air pollution and cancer incidence [hazard ratio (HR), 95% CI].

Results
In the single-pollutant models, an increase of one interquartile range (IQR) (2.11 µg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of all cancer sites (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.47–1.54), lung cancer (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.60–1.87), bladder cancer (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.37–1.65), breast cancer (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.42–1.58) and prostate cancer (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.31–1.52). In the single-pollutant and the co-pollutant models, the estimates for PM2.5 were stronger compared with NOx for all the investigated cancer sites.

Conclusions
Our findings confirm the carcinogenicity of ambient air pollution on lung cancer and provide additional evidence for bladder, breast and prostate cancers. Further studies are needed to confirm our observation regarding prostate cancer. However, the need for more research should not be a barrier to implementing policies to limit the population's exposure to air pollution.
Voices and values: the challenging odyssey of Meta to harmonize human rights with content moderation
Authors: Nourooz Pour Hesam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study explores the evolving complexities of digital media and their impact on the boundaries of free expression within the framework of International Human Rights Law. It scrutinizes the ‘harm criteria’, a pivotal component in balancing freedom of expression against potential societal and individual harm. Meta, with its nearly three billion users worldwide, is analysed as a primary case study. The company has adopted more nuanced community standards that emphasize inclusivity and the value of diverse voices, especially those from marginalized communities. This transition presents several challenges, including navigating ambiguous policy frameworks, addressing the complexities of automated moderation, and reconciling global norms with local laws. Employing a qualitative methodology and textual analysis of Meta's public policy documents and case studies from its Oversight Board, the research aims to provide a thorough analysis of how Meta manages the delicate balance between protecting freedom of speech and enforcing harm criteria. The study highlights the technological, ethical, and legal tensions that emerge in a globalized digital environment.
Applying natural language processing to patient messages to identify depression concerns in cancer patients
Authors: van Buchem Marieke M , de Hond Anne A H , Fanconi Claudio , Shah Vaibhavi , Schuessler Max , Kant Ilse M J , Steyerberg Ewout W , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to explore and develop tools for early identification of depression concerns among cancer patients by leveraging the novel data source of messages sent through a secure patient portal.

Materials and Methods
We developed classifiers based on logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVMs), and 2 Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) models (original and Reddit-pretrained) on 6600 patient messages from a cancer center (2009-2022), annotated by a panel of healthcare professionals. Performance was compared using AUROC scores, and model fairness and explainability were examined. We also examined correlations between model predictions and depression diagnosis and treatment.

Results
BERT and RedditBERT attained AUROC scores of 0.88 and 0.86, respectively, compared to 0.79 for LR and 0.83 for SVM. BERT showed bigger differences in performance across sex, race, and ethnicity than RedditBERT. Patients who sent messages classified as concerning had a higher chance of receiving a depression diagnosis, a prescription for antidepressants, or a referral to the psycho-oncologist. Explanations from BERT and RedditBERT differed, with no clear preference from annotators.

Discussion
We show the potential of BERT and RedditBERT in identifying depression concerns in messages from cancer patients. Performance disparities across demographic groups highlight the need for careful consideration of potential biases. Further research is needed to address biases, evaluate real-world impacts, and ensure responsible integration into clinical settings.

Conclusion
This work represents a significant methodological advancement in the early identification of depression concerns among cancer patients. Our work contributes to a route to reduce clinical burden while enhancing overall patient care, leveraging BERT-based models.
Dietary probiotic based on a dual-strain Bacillus subtilis improves immunity, intestinal health, and growth performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Cai Yuanli , Xiao Chuanpi , Tian Bo , Dorthe Sandvang , Meuter Antoine , Song Bochen , Song Zhigang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study investigated the effects of dietary probiotic of dual-strain Bacillus subtilis on production performance, intestinal barrier parameters, and microbiota in broiler chickens. In a randomized trial, male broiler chickens were allocated into 3 groups, a control group (basal diet), BS300 group (basal diet with 300 mg/kg of B. subtilis), and BS500 group (basal diet with 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis). The inclusion of 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio by 4.55% during the starting phase. Both 300 and 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis supplementation increased jejunal villus height (by 17.89% and 24.8%, respectively) significantly and decreased jejunal crypt depth (by 27.2% and 31.9%, respectively) on day 21. The addition of 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis significantly elevated the gene expression of occludin on day 35. Moreover, of B. subtilis supplementation enhanced cytokine levels and immunoglobulins in both serum and jejunal mucosa. Microbial analysis indicated that B. subtilis increased the abundance of potential probiotics (Sutterella) and butyrate-producing bacteria (Lachnoclostridium, Tyzzerella, Anaerostipes, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010). The abundances of Anaerostipes and Sutterella, are significantly correlated with growth performance and immune function. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with B. subtilis improved the growth performance, potentially through the regulation of immunity, intestinal barrier function, and microbiota in broilers. Notably, 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis exhibited more benefits for broilers compared to the 300 mg/kg.
Reviewing the definition of mortality in broiler chickens and its implications in genomic evaluations
Authors: Richter Jennifer , Bussiman Fernando , Hidalgo Jorge , Breen Vivian , Misztal Ignacy , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mortality is an economically important trait usually handled as a discrete outcome from hatch time until selection in most broiler breeder programs. However, in other species, it has been shown that not only does the genetic component change over time, but also there are maternal genetic effects to be considered when mortality is recorded early in life. This study aimed to investigate alternative trait definitions of mortality with varying models and effects. Three years’ worth of data were provided by Cobb-Vantress, Inc. and included 2 mortality traits. The first trait was binary, whether the bird died or not (OM), and the second trait was a categorical weekly mortality trait. After data cleaning, 6 wk of data for the 2 given mortality traits were used to develop 5 additional trait definitions. The definitions were broiler mortality (BM), early and late mortality (EM & LM), and 2 traits with repeated records as cumulative or binary (CM and RM, respectively). Variance components were estimated using linear and threshold models to investigate whether either model had a benefit. Genomic breeding values were predicted using the BLUP90 software suite, and linear regression validation (LR) was used to compare trait definitions and models. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.01 (0.00) to 0.16 (0.01) under linear and 0.04 (0.01) to 0.21 (0.01) under threshold models, indicating genetic variability within the population across these trait definitions. The genetic correlation between EM and LM ranged from 0.48 to 0.81 across the different lines, indicating they have divergent genetic backgrounds and should be considered different traits. The LR accuracies showed that EM and LM used together in a 2-trait model have comparable accuracies to that of OM while giving a more precise picture of mortality. When including the maternal effect, the direct heritability considerably decreased for EM, indicating that the maternal effect plays an important role in early mortality. Therefore, a suitable approach would be a model with EM and LM while considering the maternal effect for EM. Single nucleotide polymorphism effects were estimated, and no individual SNP explained more than 1% of the additive genetic variance. Additionally, the SNP with the largest effect size and variance were inconsistent across trait definitions. Chicken mortality can be defined in different ways, and reviewing these definitions and models may benefit poultry breeding programs.
Externalizing rescue operations at sea: The migration deal between Italy and Libya
Authors: Zambiasi Diego , Albarosa Emanuele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Between 2010 and 2019, the global number of forcibly displaced individuals doubled, prompting countries to sign migration deals. Under these agreements, transit or origin countries halt migrants in exchange for support. The 2017 Italy–Libya deal outsourced search and rescue operations in the Central Mediterranean to the Libyan Coast Guard (LCG), aiming to stop migrants from reaching Italy. Using a spatial difference-in-differences design, we find an increase in the probability of observing a deadly incident in areas patrolled by the LCG post-deal. Descriptive evidence suggests a shift in routes, diverting a significant portion of migration to the Western Mediterranean Route.
Croton grewioides essential oil and anethole reduce oxidative stress and improve growth of bovine primordial follicles during culture of ovarian tissue
Authors: da Silva Felipe F , das Chagas Costa Francisco , Azevedo Venância A N , de Assis Ernando I T , Gomes Geovany A , Araújo Valdevane R , de Morais Selene M , Rodrigues Tigressa H S , Silva José R V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the effects of Croton grewioides essential oil (CGEO) and anethole on follicle survival, growth, and oxidative stress in cultured bovine ovarian tissues.

Methods
Ovarian tissues were cultured for 6 days in a medium supplemented with different concentrations (1, 10, 100, or 1000 µg mL–1) of CGEO or anethole and then, follicular survival and growth, collagen content, and stromal cell density in ovarian tissues cultured in vitro were evaluated by histology. The mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), peroxirredoxin 6 (PRDX6), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were evaluated by real-time PCR. The activity of SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiol concentrations were investigated.

Key findings
Ovarian tissues cultured with 1 µg mL–1 CGEO or anethole had a higher percentage of healthy follicles than those cultured in a control medium (P &lt; .05). The 1 µg mL–1 CGEO also increased the number of stromal cells, collagen fibers, and thiol levels. Anethole (1 µg mL–1) increased CAT activity and reduced that of GPx. The activity of SOD was reduced by CGEO. In contrast, 1 µg mL–1 anethole reduced mRNA for CAT, PRDX1, and NRF2 (P &lt; .05). In addition, 1 µg mL–1 CGEO reduced mRNA for CAT, PRDX6, and GPx1 (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The presence of 1 µg mL–1 anethole or CGEO in a culture medium promotes follicle survival and regulates oxidative stress and the expression of mRNA and activity of antioxidant enzymes in cultured bovine ovarian tissues.
Cold tolerance of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is linked to Cold Box Factor 4 and the dehydrin Xero2
Authors: Kanbar Adnan , Weinert Christoph Hubertus , Kottutz David , Thinh La , Abuslima Eman , Kabil Farida , Hazman Mohamed , Egert Björn , Trierweiler Bernhard , Kulling Sabine Emma , Nick Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Domesticated strawberry is susceptible to sudden frost episodes, limiting the productivity of this cash crop in regions where they are grown during early spring. In contrast, the ancestral woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) has successfully colonized many habitats of the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, this species seems to harbour genetic factors promoting cold tolerance. Screening a germplasm established in the frame of the German Gene Bank for Crop Wild Relatives, we identified, among 70 wild accessions, a pair with contrasting cold tolerance. By following the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and metabolic responses of this contrasting pair, we identified the transcription factor Cold Box Factor 4 and the dehydrin Xero2 as molecular markers associated with superior tolerance to cold stress. Overexpression of green fluorescent protein fusions with Xero2 in tobacco BY-2 cells conferred cold tolerance to these recipient cells. A detailed analysis of the metabolome for the two contrasting genotypes allows the definition of metabolic signatures correlated with cold tolerance versus cold stress. This work provides a proof-of-concept for the value of crop wild relatives as genetic resources to identify genetic factors suitable to increase the stress resilience of crop plants.