bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prioritization of Free-Text Clinical Documents: A Novel Use of a Bayesian Classifier
Authors: Singh Mark , Murthy Akansh , Singh Shridhar 
Published: April 2015

Background
The amount of incoming data into physicians’ offices is increasing, thereby making it difficult to process information efficiently and accurately to maximize positive patient outcomes. Current manual processes of screening for individual terms within long free-text documents are tedious and error-prone. This paper explores the use of statistical methods and computer systems to assist clinical data management.

Objective
The objective of this study was to verify and validate the use of a naive Bayesian classifier as a means of properly prioritizing important clinical data, specifically that of free-text radiology reports.

Methods
There were one hundred reports that were first used to train the algorithm based on physicians’ categorization of clinical reports as high-priority or low-priority. Then, the algorithm was used to evaluate 354 reports. Additional beautification procedures such as section extraction, text
preprocessing, and negation detection were performed.

Results
The algorithm evaluated the 354 reports with discrimination between high-priority and low-priority reports, resulting in a bimodal probability distribution. In all scenarios tested, the false negative rates were below 1.1% and the recall rates ranged from 95.65% to 98.91%. In the case of 50% prior probability and 80% threshold probability, the accuracy of this Bayesian classifier was 93.50%, with a positive predictive value (precision) of 80.54%. It also showed a sensitivity (recall) of 98.91% and a F-measure of 88.78%.

Conclusions
The results showed that the algorithm could be trained to detect abnormal radiology results by accurately screening clinical reports. Such a technique can potentially be used to enable automatic flagging of critical results. In addition to accuracy, the algorithm was able to minimize false negatives, which is important for clinical applications. We conclude that a Bayesian statistical classifier, by flagging reports with abnormal findings, can assist a physician in reviewing radiology reports more efficiently. This higher level of prioritization allows physicians to address important radiologic findings in a timelier manner and may also aid in minimizing errors of omission.
Spreading the Word: Price Discovery and Newswire Dissemination of Management Earnings Guidance
Authors: Twedt Brady 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the impact of dissemination on the efficiency of the price discovery process with respect to management earnings guidance disclosures. I first identify firm and guidance characteristics associated with the likelihood that guidance receives coverage in the Dow Jones Newswires. Using propensity score, within-firm, and returns-based matched control samples of guidance, I find that newswire dissemination is associated with larger initial price reactions and, more importantly, an increase in the speed with which guidance information is incorporated into price. I also find that newswire coverage affects the market's reaction to stand-alone versus bundled guidance and good versus bad news guidance. This study is the first to provide evidence of systematic variation, both across and within firms, in the breadth of guidance dissemination, and it shows that this variation has a substantial effect on how investors respond to guidance.
JEL Classifications: G14; M41; L82.
Relationship Between Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence—an Indicator of Advanced Glycation End Products—and Upper Extremity Impairments in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shah Kshamata M. , Clark B. Ruth , McGill Janet B. , Lang Catherine E. , Maynard John , Mueller Michael J. 
Published: April 2015

Background
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is thought to contribute to limited joint mobility in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but the relationships among AGEs, shoulder structural changes, movement, and disability are not understood.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences and relationships among skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF), a proxy measure of AGEs, biceps and supraspinatus tendon thickness, upper extremity movement, and disability in groups with and without DM.

Design
This was a cross-sectional, case-control study.

Methods
Fifty-two individuals participated: 26 with type 2 DM and 26 controls matched for sex, age, and body mass index. The main outcome measures were: SIF; biceps and supraspinatus tendon thickness; 3-dimensional peak shoulder motion; and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire scores.

Results
Mean SIF measurements were 19% higher in the DM group compared with the control group (P&lt;.05). Biceps tendons (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]) (4.7 mm [4.4, 5.0] versus 3.2 mm [2.9, 3.5]) and supraspinatus tendons (6.4 mm [5.9, 6.8] versus 4.9 mm [4.4, 5.3]) were thicker and peak humerothoracic elevation (139° [135°, 146°] versus 150° [146°, 155°]) and glenohumeral external rotation (35° [26°, 46°] versus 51° [41°, 58°]) were reduced in the DM group compared with the control group (P&lt;.05). In the DM group, SIF was correlated to biceps tendon thickness, DASH score, and shoulder motion (r=.44–.51, P&lt;.05). The SIF score and shoulder strength explained 64% of the DASH scores (P&lt;.01).

Limitations
Because this was a cross-sectional study design, a cause-effect relationship could not be established.

Conclusions
Accumulation of AGEs in the connective tissues of individuals with DM appears to be associated with increased tendon thickness and decreased shoulder joint mobility and upper extremity function. Physical therapists should be aware of these possible metabolic effects on structure, movement, and disability when treating people with diabetes.
Pragmatic Implementation of a Stratified Primary Care Model for Low Back Pain Management in Outpatient Physical Therapy Settings: Two-Phase, Sequential Preliminary Study
Authors: Beneciuk Jason M. , George Steven Z. 
Published: April 2015

Background
The effectiveness of risk stratification for low back pain (LBP) management has not been demonstrated in outpatient physical therapy settings.

Objective
The purposes of this study were: (1) to assess implementation of a stratified care approach for LBP management by evaluating short-term treatment effects and (2) to determine feasibility of conducting a larger-scale study.

Design
This was a 2-phase, preliminary study.

Methods
In phase 1, clinicians were randomly assigned to receive standard (n=6) or stratified care (n=6) training. Stratified care training included 8 hours of content focusing on psychologically informed practice. Changes in LBP attitudes and beliefs were assessed using the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT) and the Health Care Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS). In phase 2, clinicians receiving the stratified care training were instructed to incorporate those strategies in their practice and 4-week patient outcomes were collected using a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Study feasibility was assessed to identify potential barriers for completion of a larger-scale study.

Results
In phase 1, minimal changes were observed for PABS-PT and HC-PAIRS scores for standard care clinicians (Cohen d=0.00–0.28). Decreased biomedical (−4.5±2.5 points, d=1.08) and increased biopsychosocial (+5.5±2.0 points, d=2.86) treatment orientations were observed for stratified care clinicians, with these changes sustained 6 months later on the PABS-PT. In phase 2, patients receiving stratified care (n=67) had greater between-group improvements in NPRS (0.8 points; 95% confidence interval=0.1, 1.5; d=0.40) and ODI (8.9% points; 95% confidence interval=4.1, 13.6; d=0.76) scores compared with patients receiving standard physical therapy care (n=33).

Limitations
In phase 2, treatment was not randomly assigned, and therapist adherence to treatment recommendations was not monitored. This study was not adequately powered to conduct subgroup analyses.

Conclusions
In physical therapy settings, biomedical orientation can be modified, and risk-stratified care for LBP can be effectively implemented. Findings from this study can be used for planning of larger studies.
The Impact of an Intensive Supervision Program on High-Risk Offenders: Manitoba’s COHROU Program
Authors: Weinrath Michael , Doerksen Mark , Watts Joshua 
Published: April 2015

Intensive supervision programs (ISP) have a long history in the United States but only a relatively short existence in Canada. Manitoba’s Criminal Organization High Risk Offender Unit (COHROU) program combines intensive supervision, support, and program placement with rapid police response in the event of non-compliance with supervision conditions. COHROU attempts to use evidence-based programs to address criminogenic needs and supplement surveillance. This quantitative retrospective study assesses program clients admitted over 8 years (N = 409), following up on new convictions for violent, property, breach of probation, and other offences both during the program and for a 2-year period following supervision. Days in custody are also tracked 3 years pre- and post-program. Findings indicate that reoffending was substantial but that a large number of convictions were technical violations. Using benchmark comparisons pre- and post-program, reductions were observed in violent reoffence, days in custody, and overall crime severity. While the downward trends in offence seriousness and incarceration are promising, the evaluation’s claims of ISP efficacy are limited by the lack of a comparison group. Future researchers may also wish to investigate more qualitative aspects of COHROU program operation and probation officer supervision to understand what features of the program affect participants.
Assessing the impact of phylogenetic incongruence on taxonomy, floral evolution, biogeographical history, and phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Feild Taylor S. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: April 2015

• Premise of the study: Phylogenetic incongruence between “gene trees” and “species trees” has been widely acknowledged in phylogenetic research. Conflicts may emerge from several processes including paralogy, hybridization, and incomplete lineage sorting. Although phylogenetic incongruence appears common, its impact on many phylogeny‐based analyses remains poorly understood.• Methods: We examined the occurrence of phylogenetic conflict between nuclear (ribosome ITS) and plastid (rbcL, trnL‐F, rpl20‐rps12, and rps16 intron) loci in the ancient angiosperm family Chloranthaceae. Then we investigated how phylogenetic conflict bears on taxonomic classification within the family as well as on inferences on biogeographical history, floral evolution, and measures of phylogenetic diversity (PD).• Key results: We found evidence for significant phylogenetic incongruence between plastid and nuclear data in the genus Hedyosmum. Within Hedyosmum, our results did not support previous subgeneric classification of the genus. Division of sections within subgenus Tafalla was supported by the ITS data but not by the plastid data set. As a consequence, we showed that inferring the evolution of key floral characters and geographical history within Hedyosmum depends on the phylogenetic data used. Both data sets yielded similar PD measures across genera, but we found contrasting PD measures in Hedyosmum, even after correcting for rate heterogeneity.• Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that phylogenetic conflict not only affects the inference of organismal relationships but also impacts our understanding of biogeographical history, morphological evolution, and phylogenetic diversity.
Keynes et la tentation du protectionnisme, 1929-1933
Authors: Boughanmi Aymen 
Published: April 2015

En 1914, les convictions libérales classiques de Keynes ont subi l’épreuve de la fin de la paix mondiale que promettait le libre-échange. Cette prise de conscience a profondément influencé les solutions économiques qu’il a ensuite élaborées pour répondre aux différents défis auxquels la Grande-Bretagne et le monde devaient faire face. Entre 1929 et 1933, sa pensée exprimait clairement un doute quant à la capacité du libre-échange à préserver la paix. En effet, le laisser-faire, qui n’est jamais collectivement respecté, exacerbe la concurrence et conduit à une sorte de nationalisme économique déguisé. D’où la nécessité d’une action internationale concertée afin de gérer l’interdépendance et d’assurer la stabilité. Puisqu’une telle solution n’était pas envisageable dans une situation de crise mondiale, le chemin le moins risqué était celui de l’intervention de l’État britannique afin d’assurer une gestion intelligente de l’interaction inévitable entre l’économique et le stratégique dans les relations internationales de l’époque. Dans ce sens, Keynes est allé jusqu’à envisager les avantages de l’autosuffisance nationale pour la promotion de la paix. Cet article étudie les raisons, parfois dissimulées, qui l’ont poussé à se rapprocher ainsi du protectionnisme.
De l’usage des concepts dans les mémoires de master des futurs enseignants
Authors: Delarue-Breton Catherine , Crinon Jacques 
Published: April 2015

Le mémoire du master « Métiers de l’enseignement, de l’éducation et de la formation » (MEEF) sollicite des concepts et des savoirs en lien avec les questions retenues par son auteur. Quels usages les étudiants y font-ils de ces concepts et de ces savoirs issus de la recherche ? Entre « traduction » permettant de s’approprier des concepts et d’en faire des outils d’analyse de la complexité des situations d’enseignement apprentissage et rabattement vers des doxas, entre usage « créatif » et usage « complaisant », l’analyse de deux mémoires donne à voir deux positionnements cognitifs et énonciatifs contrastés. Ces différences invitent à viser notamment, dans l’accompagnement des mémoires des étudiants de ce master, le développement d’un rapport aux savoirs plus fonctionnel, orienté vers l’analyse, à fortiori quand leurs auteurs se destinent à un métier ayant pour vocation l’appropriation des savoirs par les élèves.
La communication publique de l’Église catholique aux États-Unis pour le respect de la vie
Authors: Dumont Emmanuel 
Published: April 2015

Aux États-Unis, entre 1970 et 2000, l’Église catholique a affronté la montée en puissance des promoteurs de l’avortement, puis de l’euthanasie, en investissant sur le terrain de l’éducation et de l’information publique, des services aux personnes et de la mobilisation civique. Pour porter cet engagement moral et spirituel auprès des fidèles et de l’opinion, la Conférence épiscopale a voulu améliorer sa communication pastorale. Son Secrétariat pour les activités « pro-vie » a recouru à des professionnels des relations publiques pour « faire campagne ». Sont présentés ici le contexte, l’évolution et l’impact de cette collaboration qui signale une inculturation originale de la mission ecclésiale dans la rhétorique et l’apologétique de l’ère des médias et du marketing.
Lectures taxinomique et floue appliquées aux noms : quelques réflexions...
Authors: Gerhard-Krait Francine , Vassiliadou Hélène 
Published: April 2015

La possibilité pour un nom d’offrir une lecture taxinomique ( X est un Y / une sous-classe de Y ) et une lecture floue ( X ressemble à Y sans être un sous-type de Y ) peut-il constituer un paramètre typologique discriminant ? Tel est le fil conducteur de notre enquête. Chemin faisant, il s’agira de tester différents types de N, des plus standards aux plus atypiques, et de comprendre les mécanismes sémantico-référentiels et catégoriels qui autorisent ou bloquent ces deux lectures. Dans un premier temps, lequel constitue le propos de cet article, l’examen porte sur trois types de N (les N de matière comptables, les N de matière massifs et les N de couleurs) et permet de dégager quelques critères clairement différenciateurs entre catégories approximables et non approximables.
Remarques sur la distribution morphologique des termes basiques de couleur en français
Authors: de Saussure Louis 
Published: April 2015

Cet article questionne l’un des critères donnés par Berlin et Kay (1969) pour identifier ce qu’ils appellent les Termes de couleur basiques . Selon eux, ces termes, qui ont la propriété de conceptualiser un champ chromatique de manière abstraite, présentent une distribution morphologique identique. Ils prennent l’exemple du contraste, en anglais, entre les termes permettant la dérivation d’approximation ( red-reddish ) et ceux qui l’interdisent ( chartreuse-*chartreuseish ). Appliquant ce critère au français à la suite de Bloemen et Tasmowski (1983), et en observant également la dérivation verbale, nous tentons d’en observer la pertinence et les limites, et envisageons des termes hybrides, comme orange qui accepte mal ? orangeâtre et roux ou olive qui acceptent bien roussâtre et olivâtre . Notre approche est essentiellement pragmatique, suggérant un ancrage de ces faits non dans le seul arbitraire de la langue mais en cognition.
Protective Role of STAT6 in Basophil-Dependent Prurigo-like Allergic Skin Inflammation
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Satoh Takahiro , Yokozeki Hiroo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Prurigo is a common, but treatment-resistant, skin disease characterized by persistent papules/nodules and severe itching. Prurigo occurs in association with various underlying diseases, such as diabetes, chronic renal failure, and internal malignancies. Atopic dermatitis is occasionally complicated by prurigo lesions. However, the pathology of prurigo is completely undefined. We demonstrate that repeated intradermal administration of Ag to IgE-transgenic mice causes persistent and pruritic papulonodular skin lesions mimicking prurigo. Skin lesions were histopathologically characterized by irregular acanthosis and dermal cellular infiltrates comprising eosinophils, mononuclear cells, and basophils, with epidermal nerve fiber sprouting. In vivo depletion of basophils alleviated skin reactions, indicating that the inflammation is basophil dependent. Unexpectedly, STAT6 signaling was unnecessary for skin lesion development if IgE was present. Moreover, the absence of STAT6 signaling exacerbated the inflammation, apparently as the result of impaired generation of an M2-type anti-inflammatory macrophage response. These results provide novel insights into the pathologic mechanisms underlying prurigo. Although basophils are indispensable for prurigo-like inflammation, Th2 immunity mediated by STAT6 appears to play a protective role, and therapies targeting Th2-type cytokines may risk aggravating the inflammation.
‘Moral hazard’ onder slachtoffers van identiteitsfraude? De relatie tussen schadevergoeding bij onterechte bankafschrijvingen en riskant internetgedrag
Authors: Van Wilsem Johan , Paulissen Levy 
Published: April 2015

‘Moral hazard’ among victims of identity fraud? The relation between victim compensation for fraudulent bank transfers and risky internet behaviour.
Due to digitalization of modern societies, identity fraud is becoming a serious problem. Until recently, Dutch victims of unauthorized cash withdrawals from their bank accounts were reimbursed by their banks in most instances. Because most victims were not confronted with financial damages, this generous reimbursement policy may have unintendedly stimulated moral hazard among victims, due to a lack of incentives to change risky behavior and avoid future victimization. This paper therefore compares post-victimization changes in Internet activities among reimbursed victims of identity fraud and non-reimbursed victims, as well as non-victims. For this purpose, large-scale, representative victimization survey data were used from the Dutch LISS-panel. Overall, we found no differences in Internet activity change between the distinguished groups, which points to the absence of moral hazard in this specific case.
Uenighet som demokratisk praksis i måltidsfellesskapet på småbarnsavdeling
Authors: Grindland Berit 
Published: April 2015

Title: Disagreement as democratic praxis in mealcommunity in nurseriesAbstract: Children’s participation and democracy are concepts in need of being discussed from several angles in the setting of early childhood education. This paper is based on empirical materials from seven research conversations with four groups of staff in Norwegian nurseries. The conversations keep a focus on the social dimension of the meals in nursery. The purpose of the paper is to explore how different discourses in the conversations construct episodes where either adults or children, as participants in a meal challenge and break the structures of the meal community. Using concepts from the theory of the Radical Democracy, the paper discusses how two discourses in the conversations can make different conditions for conflicts as democratic processes during meals in nurseries.
The role of the Hall effect in the global structure and dynamics of planetary magnetospheres: Ganymede as a case study
Authors: Dorelli J. C. , Glocer Alex , Collinson Glyn , Tóth Gábor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present high‐resolution Hall MHD simulations of Ganymede's magnetosphere demonstrating that Hall electric fields in ion‐scale magnetic reconnection layers have significant global effects not captured in resistive MHD simulations. Consistent with local kinetic simulations of magnetic reconnection, our global simulations show the development of intense field‐aligned currents along the magnetic separatrices. These currents extend all the way down to the moon's surface, where they may contribute to Ganymede's aurora. Within the magnetopause and magnetotail current sheets, Hall J × B forces accelerate ions to the local Alfvén speed in the out‐of‐plane direction, producing a global system of ion drift belts that circulates Jovian magnetospheric plasma throughout Ganymede's magnetosphere. We discuss some observable consequences of these Hall‐induced currents and ion drifts: the appearance of a sub‐Jovian “double magnetopause” structure, an Alfvénic ion jet extending across the upstream magnetopause, and an asymmetric pattern of magnetopause Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves.
Drivers of decadal variability in the Tasman Sea
Authors: Sloyan Bernadette M. , O'Kane Terence J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, we compare optimally interpolated monthly time series Tasman Sea XBT data and a comprehensive set of ocean data assimilation models forced by atmospheric reanalysis to investigate the stability of the Tasman Sea thermocline and the transport variability of the East Australian Current (EAC), the Tasman Front, and EAC‐extension. We find that anomalously weaker EAC transport at 25°S corresponds to an anomalously weaker Tasman Front and anomalously stronger EAC‐extension. We further show that, post about 1980 and relative to the previous 30 years, the anomalously weaker EAC transport at 25°S is associated with large‐scale changes in the Tasman Sea; specifically stronger stratification above the thermocline, larger thermocline temperature gradients, and enhanced energy conversion. Significant correlations are found between the Maria Island station Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability and stratification, thermocline temperature gradient, and baroclinic energy conversion suggesting that nonlinear dynamical responses to variability in the basin‐scale wind stress curl are important drivers of decadal variability in the Tasman Sea. We further show that the stability of the EAC is linked, via the South Caledonian Jet, to the stability of the pan‐basin subtropical South Pacific Ocean “storm track.”