bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The subalgebra lattice of a finite algebra
Authors: Pióro Konrad 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to characterize pairs (L, A), where L is a finite lattice and A a finite algebra, such that the subalgebra lattice of A is isomorphic to L. Next, necessary and sufficient conditions are found for pairs of finite algebras (of possibly distinct types) to have isomorphic subalgebra lattices. Both of these characterizations are particularly simple in the case of distributive subalgebra lattices. We do not restrict our attention to total algebras only, but we consider the more general case of partial algebras. Moreover, we use connections between algebras and hypergraphs to solve these problems.
On Quasi-Class A Operators
Authors: Mecheri Salah 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Let H be a separable infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space, and let B(H) denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. Let A;B be operators in B(H). In this paper we prove that if A is quasi-class A and B* is invertible quasi-class A and AX = XB, for some X ∈ C2 (the class of Hilbert-Schmidt operators on H), then A*X = XB*. We also prove that if A is a quasi-class A operator and f is an analytic function on a neighborhood of the spectrum of A, then f(A) satisfies generalized Weyl's theorem. Other related results are also given.
Algorithm for the Calculation of the Two Variables Cubic Spline Function
Authors: Lixandru Ion 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
When having just one variable, the existence and uniqueness of the interpolation spline function reduces to studying the solutions of an algebrical system of equations. This allows us to find a practical way of calculating the interpolation spline function. Also in the case of two variables spline functions, we can construct a linear system of equations determined by the continuity conditions of the spline function and of its partial derivatives on the edge of each division rectangle. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the obtained system ensure the existence and uniqueness of the two variables interpolation spline function and offers a practical calculation method.
This can be used to determine approximate global solutions, of some partial differential equations, solutions whose values can be determined at any point of their domain of definition and can provide information on derivatives approximate of solutions. After calculating the two variable cubic spline function, we must assess the rest of the approximation.
Strongly Transitive Geometric Spaces Associated with (m, n)-Ary Hypermodules
Authors: Anvariyeh S.M. , Davvaz B. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we define the strongly compatible relation ϵ on the (m, n)- ary hypermodule M, so that the quotient (M/ϵ*, h/ϵ*) is an (m, n)-ary module over the fundamental (m, n)-ary ring (R/Γ∗, f/Γ∗, g/Γ∗). Also, we determine a family P(M) of subsets of an (m, n)-ary hypermodule M and we give a sufficient condition such that the geometric space (M, P(M)) is strongly transitive.
Effect of the Weld Joint Configuration on Stressed Components, Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Çevik Bekir , Özer Alpay , Özçatalbaş Yusuf 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The effect of the weld joint configuration on components has been studied, which are under service loads, under repair or construction and the residual stresses as well as the mechanical properties of the joint have been determined. For this purpose, a horizontal positioned tensile testing device and a semi-automatic MIG welding machine have been used and then the weld joints of the plates were subjected to different elastic stresses. When the temperature of the joined elements decreased to room temperature, applied elastic stresses were released. By this means, the effects of the existing tensile stresses in the joined parts and the tensile stresses created by the welding processes were investigated. The tensile stresses occurring in the joined elements were determined by using the photo-elasticity analysis method and the hole-drilling method. Also, tensile-shear tests were applied in order to determine the effect of permanent tensile loads on the mechanical properties of the joint. Experimental results showed that the application of corner welded lap joints for components under tensile loading significantly decrease the shear strength and yielding capacities of the joint.
The Effects of Austempering Temperature and Time on the Machinability of Vermicular Graphite Iron
Authors: Mavi Ahmet , Korkut Ihsan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this study, the effect of austempering heat treatment on the cutting forces and surface roughness was investigated during the processing of vermicular graphite cast irons (VGCI) which are widely used in the automotive industry due to their high strength properties. The samples were austenitized at 900 °C for 90 minutes and then austempered at different temperatures (320 °C and 370 °C) for 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min. Machinability tests were carried out under dry conditions at the CNC machining center with the cutting parameters selected in accordance with ISO 3685. As a result of processing of austempered vermicular graphite cast irons with different characteristics the formed cutting forces, surface roughness, cylindricity, and circularity were measured and compared. At the end of the tests, it turned out that the ausferrite morphology (fine or coarse structure) can to be controlled with the austempering heat treatment as well as cutting forces and surface roughness were optimized, respectively. The best surface roughness value was obtained for the austempering parameters of 370 °C and 120 minutes.
Plasma Arc Welding of AISI316Ti (EN 1.4571) Stainless Steel: Mechanical, Microstructural, Corrosion Aspects
Authors: Taban Emel , Kaluc Erdinc 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
AISI316Ti (EN1.4571) austenitic stainless steel plates with a thickness of 7 mm were welded by plasma arc welding (PAW) process. Joints were obtained using 316L type of filler metal as well as without filler metal called as Weld 1 and Weld 2, respectively. Tensile and bend testing of the joints were carried out. Impact toughness tests carried out at temperatures from 20 °C down to −60 °C have shown encouraging results. Chemical analysis of the weld deposits were made by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES). Photomacrographs and photomicrographs of the cross-sections were used to determine ferrite content and hardness. Intergranular corrosion tests in accordance with TSEN 3157/ENISO 3651-2 were carried out. No corrosion sign was reported. The effect of the consumable has the most influence on the toughness properties. Promising mechanical, toughness and corrosion results are useful, considering the implementation of an innovative process, thus PAW of 316Ti stainless steel.
Effect of Temperature on Densification and Deformation Behaviour of Pure Aluminium Powders Processed by Equal Channel Angular Densification and Pressing
Authors: İpekçi Melih Turan , Tekeli Süleyman , Esme Ugur , Kulekci Mustafa Kemal 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this study, a dense bulk material was produced from pure aluminum powders by the equal channel angular densification (ECAD) and the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method. The combination of densification and ECAD/ECAP tests were carried out at temperatures of 50 °C, 100 °C, and 200 °C, a pressing speed of 1 mms−1, and a pressure in the range of 10–30 metric tons. By using these parameters, for the first time pure aluminum powders were successfully densified into fully bulk materials without additional sintering process. After the ECAD/ECAP tests, the specimens were characterized regarding microstructure, grain size, hardness, and density. The mean grain size was remarkably decreased with an increasing ECAP pass number. With the application of the ECAD/ECAP process, the severe plastic deformation entails that the particles are consolidated into fully dense materials at much lower temperatures and shorter times, as compared to the conventional sintering process. Finally, determining the effective ECAP temperature was very important to control the nano-scaled microstructure, hardness, and density, repectively.
Synthesis and Application of Esterified Starch-g-Polylactic Acid as Drug Carriers
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Jiang Yufeng , Li Wen , Chen Yanning , Chen Yue 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A novel copolymer was synthesized by modifying starch-g-polylactic acid (MSt-g-PLA). The results indicated that the starch was efficiently esterified by maleic anhydride (MAH) (2 wt.-%) with polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400, 1 wt.-%) as dispersant. Then MSt-g-PLA was synthesized by the reaction of modified starch with D,L-lactic acid. The copolymer was amphiphilic and its molecular weight was 4.789 × 104 (Mn), molecular weight distribution was 6.921 × 104 (Mw), and polydispersity index was 1.445 (PDI), respectively. Subsequently, CTX/MSt-g-PLA microspheres containing the model drug and cefotaxime sodium (CTX) were prepared. The appearance of the microspheres was smooth and regular. 90 % of particle size was under 150.3 μm and mean diameter was 99.3 μm. The degradation rates of microspheres increased with the increase of pH-value of the buffer. With the amphiphilic copolymer MSt-g-PLA as drug carrier, the microspheres had no burst during drug release, and had the similar sustainable release as the PLA carriers.
Effect of Residual Stresses and Inclusion Size on Fatigue Resistance of Parabolic Steel Springs
Authors: Gubeljak Nenad , Predan Jožef , Senčič Bojan , Chapetti Mirco Daniel 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The effect of inclusion size and residual stresses of spring steel grade 51CrV4 on fatigue lifetime in high cycle was investigated by experimental results obtained by fatigue testing. Since spring with obvious surface defects or inclusions at the surface are failed during pre-stress, the residual stress profile under surface becomes relevant for fatigue crack initiation and failure. Investigation shows that fatigue threshold for high cycle fatigue depends, besides residual stresses, on inclusion size and material hardness. In order to determine allowed size of inclusions in spring steel and the influence of residual stresses, the Murakami's and Chapetti's models and concepts have been used. The stress loading limit regarding inclusion size and applied stress has been determined for loading ratio R = −1 and 0.1 on specimens with and without residual stresses.
Sheffield's Great Flood of 1864: Engineering Failure and the Municipalisation of Water
Authors: Ewen Shane 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Recent scholarly research at the intersection of the histories of technology and the built environment has revealed many tensions surrounding the design, building and management of major socio-technologies like urban waterworks. There remains much scope for research into the interdependence of socio-technological systems, engineering knowledge and the political and commercial agendas of municipal governments and private water suppliers respectively. In particular, the short- and long-term impact of reservoir disasters - examined in detail here through the case of Sheffield's 'great flood' of March 1864, in which over 250 people lost their lives - on the ownership and control of urban waterworks reveals many conflicts within the engineering profession, as well as the urban community itself, about the causes and consequences of socio-technological failure in the mid-nineteenth century. Using a rich variety of municipal, legal and commercial archival records, as well as contemporary newspapers, this article examines the competing interests involved in negotiating the long-term municipalisation of water supplies and concludes that greater attention should be paid to the influence of man-made disasters and engineering actors in this political game.
'Never such weather known in these seas': Climatic Fluctuations and the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century, 1652-1674
Authors: Degroot Dagomar 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the North Sea region, the so-called Little Ice Age reached a cold, stormy nadir between 1560 and 1720, with a three-decade interruption of warmer, more tranquil weather between 1629 and 1662. Newly considered ship logbooks, diaries and other documentary evidence suggest that a rise in the frequency of easterly winds accompanied the coldest phases of the Little Ice Age, and these decadal climatic trends had consequences for regional warfare. Fought between 1652 and 1674, the Anglo-Dutch wars at sea were contested in a period of transition between decade-scale climatic regimes and consequently provide useful case studies into the relationship between meteorological trends and early modern military operations. In the first war, persistent westerly winds born of a warmer climate frequently helped crews aboard larger English warships set the terms of most naval engagements. However, during the second and third wars more frequent easterlies stimulated by a cooler climate granted critical advantages to Dutch fleets that had adopted elements of English tactics and technology. Ultimately, the changing climate of the Little Ice Age must be considered alongside human agency and the political, economic or cultural influences typically examined by military historians to explain the course of early modern warfare.
La substitution de l’exposition à l’oeuvre
Authors: Montagnon Florence 
Published: April 2014

Tratamos en este texto del fenómeno siguiente : la exposición no solo presenta obras, sino que se muestra ella misma. Revela esto un cambio paradigmatico en el arte contemporáneo. Analizamos las nuevas prácticas de los comisarios de exposiciones cuando son también artistas. Esto interroga las fronteras entre obra y exposición ¿ Puede un artista olvidar sus competencias plásticas cuando actúa como comisario ? Antes, los artistas parecían controlar su práctica y su producción final. Pero ahora, la obra siempre parece escapar al artista como persona individual, para volverse en una producción colectiva que nadie domina completamente. La evolución de las prácticas de comisarios de exposiciones sigue la transformación de la obra y de la exposición, y el traspaso de atención, del contenido hasta el dispositivo de muestra.
Título : La substitución de la obra por la exposición.
Arthroplasty Rates Are Increased Among US Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: 1991–2005
Authors: Mertelsmann-Voss Christina , Lyman Stephen , Pan Ting Jung , Goodman Susan , Figgie Mark P. , Mandl Lisa A. 
Published: April 2014

Objective.To evaluate population-based systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arthroplasty rates and compare them with rates in patients with no inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.Methods.Administrative hospital discharge databases from 10 American states were used to compare knee, hip, and shoulder arthroplasty rates from 1991 to 2005 in patients with SLE and in patients with no inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.Results.Arthroplasties were performed on patients with SLE (n = 4253) and patients with noninflammatory conditions (n = 2,762,660). Arthroplasty rates for patients with noninflammatory conditions almost doubled from 1991 to 2005 (124.5 cases/100,000 persons vs 247.5/100,000; p < 0.001). A similar trend was observed for SLE (0.17/100,000 vs 0.38/100,000; p < 0.001). The mean age at arthroplasty in patients with noninflammatory conditions decreased (71.5 ± 11.8 vs 69.0 ± 12.0; p < 0.001), whereas the mean age in patients with SLE increased (47.3 ± 17.0 vs 56.8 ± 16.0; p < 0.001). When stratified by age and sex, arthroplasty in cases of SLE increased in all groups except for women < 44 years old. In 1991, osteonecrosis accounted for 53% and osteoarthritis (OA) 23% of cases of SLE; by 2005 this relationship had reversed, with osteonecrosis accounting for 24% and OA 61% of cases of SLE.Conclusion.From 1991 to 2005, arthroplasty rates increased in patients with SLE in similar proportions to overall joint replacement rates. The age of patients with SLE arthroplasty increased and fewer cases were due to osteonecrosis. These data suggest significant changes are occurring — patients with SLE are now living long enough to develop OA and are healthy enough to undergo elective surgery.
Longterm Treatment with Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Bosentan and Iloprost Improves Fingertip Blood Perfusion in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Cutolo Maurizio , Ruaro Barbara , Pizzorni Carmen , Ravera Francesca , Smith Vanessa , Zampogna Giuseppe , Paolino Sabrina , Seriolo Bruno , Cimmino Marco , Sulli Alberto 
Published: April 2014

Objective.To evaluate the longterm effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonism on peripheral blood perfusion (PBP) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.Twenty-six patients with SSc already receiving cyclic intravenous iloprost (ILO) for severe Raynaud phenomenon were enrolled. Thirteen patients continued the treatment for a further 3 years (ILO group) and 13 patients, because of the appearance of digital ulcers, received in addition bosentan (BOS; 125 mg twice/day) for 3 years (ILO + BOS group). Both PBP at fingertips and nailfold microangiopathy were evaluated yearly by laser Doppler flowmetry and nailfold videocapillaroscopy, respectively.Results.A progressive significant increase of PBP was observed in the ILO + BOS group during the 3 followup years (p = 0.0007, p = 0.0002, p = 0.01, respectively). In contrast, an insignificant progressive decrease of PBP was observed in the ILO group. Difference of perfusion between the PBP evaluations at basal temperature and at 36°C (to test capillary dilation capacity), was found progressively decreased during the 3-year followup only in the ILO group (p = 0.05, p = 0.26, p = 0.09, respectively). A progressive increase of nailfold capillary number was observed only in the ILO + BOS group after 2 and 3 years of followup (p = 0.05).Conclusion.Longterm treatment of SSc patients with ET-1 antagonism, in combination with ILO, seems to increase fingertip blood perfusion, as well as both capillary dilation capacity and number.
Mouvement étudiant québécois et mythe du pouvoir. L'énigme du Sphinx et l'entrée en société
Authors: Boudreault Pierre-W. 
Published: April 2014

La lutte étudiante du printemps 2012 au Québec ne peut pas être considérée comme une révolte de la jeunesse réduite à l’expression typique de la génération des « enfants-rois ». Par sa durée et son effervescence politique, ne révèle-t-elle pas une transformation sociale dont il faut détecter les signes spécifiques par l’étude de leur action collective que l’on a nommée « Printemps érable » ?
Totem et technologie communielle
Authors: Huguet Thibault 
Published: April 2014

Nous ne pouvons saisir ce qui est en jeu dans les relations humaines contemporaines sans approcher les Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication sous un angle anthropologique. À ce titre, nous interrogeons ici le rôle et les fonctions des écrans numériques, dans ce qu’ils ont d’universel et de particulier : tout comme le totem se révèle être l’essence d’institutions totales particulières, les écrans sont aujourd’hui au cœur d’un processus instituant. La technologie numérique révolutionne l’être-ensemble et l’être-au-monde lorsque les pratiques sociales sont investies de significations imaginaires particulières ; et les différentes composantes de nos identités sociales prennent corps, à travers l’expression de nos craintes, de nos désirs, de nos aspirations, dans des structures de pertinence dont l’écran est le principal médium.
A laboratory study to determine the effect of surface area and bead diameter on NMR relaxation rates of glass bead packs
Authors: Keating Kristina 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTA laboratory study was conducted to explore the relationship between pore size, pore surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio and NMR relaxation rates and to determine which geometric parameter best predicts the average NMR relaxation rate. NMR relaxation measurements were collected on water‐saturated glass beads with controlled sets of bead diameters and surface areas. Four sets of beads were used with average diameters ranging from 55‐1125 m. The surface areas of the glass beads were altered by chemically treating the beads with a weak acid, a strong base and a cream commonly used to etch glass surfaces. Following the chemical treatments, the surface areas of the beads were quantified with krypton BET gas adsorption measurements. It was found that, for the range of bead diameters used in this study, relaxation did not strictly occur in the fast diffusion regime and, as such, the relaxation time associated with the peak of the largest mode in the distribution was found to more accurately represent the pore‐scale geometry than the mean log relaxation time. Using the relaxation time associated with this peak, the results from this study show that the pore surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio is a significantly better predictor of the surface relaxation rate than the mean grain radius ( = 0.014).
Role of cyanoacrylate glue therapy in enteral SEMS bleeding - A nightmare
Authors: Mohanprasad Virukalpatti Goparathinam , Patil Praveen , Prasad Madhura , Shanker Gokul Kruba 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOver the past century, the use of stents has evolved to a point where they are now used extensively throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic stenting has become widely used for treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary strictures. Metallic stents are deployed in malignant strictures as a palliative procedure. Adverse events of stenting include perforation, migration, bleeding, occlusion, and pain. Finally, the use of multidisciplinary teams which include endoscopists, interventional radiologists, and surgeons allows for the exchange of ideas and procedural planning necessary for successful innovation. We present a case of successful cessation of bleeding by using cyanoacrylate glue therapy in post-enteral self-expandable metallic stent bleeding. In conclusion, glue therapy may also be considered as a mode of treatment other than conservative approach and angiographic coil embolization.
Open safety pin ingestion - Usual method of removal in an unusual way
Authors: G. Sathya , R. Balamurali , P. Ganesh , S. Jeevankumar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSingle foreign body ingestion is a common scenario that is commonly encountered by gastroenterologists. The symptoms tend to be nonspecific and most of the foreign bodies pass spontaneously. Ingestion of sharp foreign bodies is also not uncommon. It can lead to complications like impaction or perforation. Most of these ingested foreign bodies can be retrieved with endoscopy. We report a 25-year-old patient who underwent successful endoscopic removal of an open safety pin that was ingested accidentally 3 months previously and was impacted at the junction of first and second parts of the duodenum, using a side-view duodenoscope. The presentation of a sharp foreign body without complications which is impacted for 3 months is unusual and its endoscopic extraction without complication is equally uncommon.