bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argon plasma coagulation for the endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal tumor bleeding: A retrospective comparison with a non‐treated historical cohort
Authors: Martins Bruno Costa , Wodak Stephanie , Gusmon Carla C , Safatle‐Ribeiro Adriana Vaz , Kawaguti Fabio Shiguehissa , Baba Elisa Ryoka , Pennacchi Caterina MP , Lima Marcelo Simas , Ribeiro Ulysses , Maluf‐Filho Fauze 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe endoscopic use of argon plasma coagulation (APC) to achieve hemostasis for upper gastrointestinal tumor bleeding (UGITB) has not been adequately evaluated in controlled trials. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of APC for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding from malignant lesions.MethodsBetween January and September 2011, all patients with UGITB underwent high‐potency APC therapy (up to 70 Watts). This group was compared with a historical cohort of patients admitted between January and December 2010, when the endoscopic treatment of bleeding malignancies was not routinely performed. Patients were stratified into two categories, grouping the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scale: Category I (ECOG 0–2) patients with a good clinical status and Category II (ECOG 3–4) patients with a poor clinical status.ResultsOur study had 25 patients with UGITB whom underwent APC treatment and 28 patients whom received no endoscopic therapy. The clinical characteristics of the groups were similar, except for endoscopic active bleeding, which was more frequently detected in APC group. We had 15 patients in the APC group whom had active bleeding, and initial hemostasis was obtained in 11 of them (73.3%). In the control group, four patients had active bleeding. There were no differences in 30‐day re‐bleeding (33.3% in the APC group versus 14.3% in the control group; p  = 0.104) and 30‐day mortality rates (20.8% in the APC group, versus 42.9% in the control group; p  = 0.091). When patients were categorized according to their ECOG status, we found that APC therapy had no impact in re‐bleeding and mortality rates (Group I: APC versus no endoscopic treatment: re‐bleeding p  = 0.412, mortality p  = 0.669; Group II: APC versus no endoscopic treatment: re‐bleeding p  = 0.505, mortality p  = 0.580). Hematemesis and site of bleeding located at the esophagus or duodenum were associated with a higher 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsEndoscopic hemostasis of UGITB with APC has no significant impact on 30‐day re‐bleeding and mortality rates, irrespective of patient performance status.
Social Logistics: а Tool for Social Problems Solving
Authors: Филиппов  , Filippov E. 
Published: June 2015

Social, socio-economic, socio-mechanistic systems and social processes, and problems formulated by them
as a new area of practical application for rules, principles and laws formed in classical logistics’ as the
science branch have been considered in this paper. The existence of social and public nature problems,
manageable with the use of logistics has been shown. Social logistics application examples have been given.
A concept of social logistics as a set of actions that ensures the effective functioning of social systems (as a
complex of social phenomena, processes, entities) with logistics principles application has been introduced.
A distinction between the concepts of social and socially-oriented logistics has been given. A foundation for
scientific research at the intersection of logistics, sociology and social psychology, where logistics is a tool
for solving problems formulated by social interaction, has been laid. Problems and issues requiring further
study and research have been specified.
Naród, kultura i przyroda w myśli Jana Gwalberta Pawlikowskiego
Authors: Łętocha Rafał 
Published: June 2015

The nation, culture and nature in the thought of Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski
Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski was a Polish economist, journalist and politician, one of the first chief activists and ideologues of the right‑wing National Democracy political camp, literary historian, mountaineer, ecologist and environmentalist. Pawlikowski was influential in the development of modern environmental ethics in Poland and in the movement for wilderness conservation. He was co‑founder and president of the Section for Protection of the Tatra Mountains, The Polish Tatra Society since 1912. He was also the founder and editor‑in‑chief of the yearbook Wierchy printed in Lviv since 1923. Since 1927, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Representações Sociais de Doente Mental na Percepção dos Cuidadores
Authors: Vasconcelos Juliana De Freitas , Vieira Anny Caroline Costa , Maranhão Thércia Lucena Grangeiro 
Published: June 2015

As constantes reclamações com relação ao tratamento mental hospitalar, por parte de familiares de indivíduos portadores de transtornos mentais, motivaram o questionamento de como seria a representação de doente mental para estas pessoas. Objetivo: Conhecer as representações sociais de doença mental que possuem os familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos. Método: enquanto pesquisa qualitativa, aplicou-se um questionário de levantamento de conceitos, opiniões e sentimentos em 29 sujeitos, parentes de pacientes do Hospital Santa Tereza, Crato, estado do Ceará. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin, tendo como suporte referencial teórico-metodológico a teoria moscoviciana de representação social. A análise dos dados possibilitou a estruturação das representações sociais acerca de doença mental, elaboradas pelos familiares dos internos, em três categorias. Resultados: com relação a Concepção que os sujeitos têm de Doença mental, sobressaíram-se duas subcategorias: Moral (desvio em relação ao comportamento normal) e Mística (algo difícil de explicar); a Concepção que os sujeitos têm do Tipo de Pessoa que tem Doença mental emergiu de forma bifurcada através de duas subcategorias: Pessoa perigosa(comportamento ameaçador) e, Pessoa como outra qualquer (um igual); por último a Concepção que os sujeitos têm da Consequência que tem a Doença Mental para o portador desta enfermidade, onde sobressaíram-se três subcategorias: Carência (portador de carências), Doença que invalida (torna a pessoa incapaz) e, Causa de sofrimento. A maioria dos sujeitos, revelou que o restabelecimento da saúde do enfermo e a sua aposentadoria facilitariam o acompanhamento. Conclusão: as respostas definem um desejo dos sujeitos com relação à recuperação e a possibilidade de oferecer condições dignas de tratamento aos portadores de transtorno mental, através da melhoria das condições financeiras dos mesmos.
Die aktivierungsanalytische Silberbestimmung in Stoffen mit hohem Cadmiumgehalt
Authors: Lux Franz 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die bei der aktivierungsanalytischen Silberbestimmung in CdS- und CdS/ZnS-Lumineszenzstoffen störenden Kernreaktionen, vor allem die Bildung von 110mAg durch
(n,
p)-Prozeß aus 110Cd, lassen sich durch elektrolytische Abtrennung des Silbers vor der Neutronenbestrahlung ausschließen. Mit Hilfe der radioaktiven Indikatormethode wurden die Bedingungen ermittelt, unter denen sich Mikro- und Submikrogramm- Mengen Silber neben 1 g Cadmium quantitativ abscheiden lassen.
Die Geschwindigkeit des heterogenen Isotopenaustausches an der Oberfläche von Ionenkristallen
Authors: Lieser K. H. , Gütlich Ph. , Rosenbaum I. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Für den heterogenen Isotopenaustausch werden folgende Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen abgeleitet:
a) für den Fall, daß die Oberflächenreaktion geschwindigkeitsbestimmend ist: In (1 - λ) = - k (n
O + n
L)t,

b) für den Fall, daß die Diffusion in der Lösung geschwindigkeitsbestimmend ist: [xxx]
(λ ist der Austauschgrad, n
O die Molzahl der austauschfähigen Ionen an der Oberfläche, n
L die Molzahl der austauschfähigen Ionen in der Lösung und t
die Zeit.)
Mit Hilfe dieser Gleichungen werden die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten des heterogenen Isotopenaustausches in den folgenden Systemen bestimmt: BaSO4/Ba++, BaSO4/SO4- -, SrSO4/Sr++, AgCl/Cl-; das Molverhältnis
n

O : n
L wird dabei innerhalb eines möglichst großen Bereiches variiert. In allen Systemen ist die Oberflächenreaktion
geschwindigkeitsbestimmend.
Functionalization of LiFePO4/C by Spontaneous Reduction of In-situ Generated Bromobenzene Diazonium Ions in Organic Media
Authors: Delaporte Nicolas , Zaghib Karim , Bélanger Daniel 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBromophenyl moieties were attached to the carbon-coated LiFePO4 (LiFePO4/C) surface by spontaneous reduction of in-situ generated 4-bromobenzene diazonium ions in organic media. The presence of the surface organic species on the grafted LiFePO4/C powders was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analyses revealed a low loading (lower than 1 wt. %) of grafted molecules. The electrochemical characterization of the LiFePO4/C cathodes showed that a low loading of bromophenyl groups at the LiFePO4/C surface can enhance the rate of Li+ extraction, presumably due to the decrease of the LiFePO4/C agglomerate size and an increase of the wettability of the electrode. On the other hand, poor performances were obtained using the grafted cathode material with the highest loading of bromophenyl moieties.
Do Starting Salaries for Graduates Measure the Quality of Education? A Review of Studies by Russian and Foreign Authors
Authors: Roshchin Sergey , Rudakov Victor 
Published: June 2015

This paper is a review of oeuvres studying the factors that determine starting salaries of university graduates. The focus is laid upon the works addressing the question: To what extent can starting salaries for graduates be indicative of the quality of education received? We discuss the theoretical conceptions shedding light on the reasons for differences in salaries of fresh graduates: the theory of human capital, the signaling theory of education, the theory of equalizing differences, and empirical studies aimed at measuring the influence various factors have on the size of starting salaries. An analysis of the oeuvres has shown that, despite the important role played by the quality of education, there are many other factors that can have an impact on the salary size. Such factors include diversity of graduates, diversity of jobs, market imperfections, individual preferences of graduates and their strategies of entering the labor market. The provided review and critical analysis of foreign studies designed to assess the correlations between the quality of higher education and the level of starting salaries for graduates allows us to define the general requirements to data quality in case Russia adopts the system of university graduate monitoring.
Collaborative Italian: Using technology to support student-led language teaching
Authors: Goria Cecilia 
Published: June 2015

Collaborative Italian—Collit—is an online language learning program for adult students of Italian in higher education with at least a B1 level of the Common European Framework. Collit is free, open and extracurriculum. Collit provides the learners with a communicative learning experience based on collaboration and social interaction. It promotes social constructivism and embraces Web 2.0 pedagogies by relying on the openness of the online environment and social media. Collit emphasises ownership of learning by encouraging student-controlled intended learning outcomes and tasks, and student-generated learning content, consistent with the cognitive and the experiential approaches to course design onto which Collit is theoretically grounded.On this basis, Collit addresses questions concerned with the effectiveness of open pedagogies for student-led language learning. This contribution presents Collit as a case study for the investigation of novel language learning dynamics supported by the web and social media.
Schalenhärtung mittels Hochgeschwindigkeits-Abschreckung* Teil 2
Authors: Frerichs F. , Fritsching U. , Lübben Th. , Sander S. , Schüttenberg S. 
Published: June 2015

KurzfassungEin zentrales Zieldieser Arbeit war die Ermittlung von Prozessfenstern, innerhalb derer eine Schalenhärtung mit unlegierten Stählen möglich ist. Dabei mussten drei Kriterien erfüllt werden, damit eine Schalenhärtung als sinnvoll angesehen wird: Erstens muss eine ausreichende Härtung am Rand vorliegen und zweitens muss ein signifikanter Härteabfall zum Kern der Bauteile erfolgen. Das dritte und wichtigste Kriterium ist die Erzeugung von möglichst hohen Druckeigenspannungen am Rand durch sehr große Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten, die dazu beitragen sollen, die Lebensdauer der Bauteile zu erhöhen. In den Untersuchungen, die in einer speziellen Anlage für Hochgeschwindigkeits-Abschreckung durchgeführt wurden, ist es gelungen, mit Wasser hohe Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten zu erzeugen und zu messen. Aus den erzielten Ergebnissen der experimentellen Untersuchungen und begleitenden Wärmebehandlungssimulationen konnten Prozessfenster für zylindrische Bauteile aus unlegierten Stählen ermittelt werden, bei denen alle drei oben genannten Bedingungen erfüllt sind. Im letzten Schritt wurden an Zahnrädern und zylindrischen Bauteilen in enger Kooperation mit der Forschungsstelle für Zahnräder und Getriebebau (FZG) an der TU München bzw. der Fa. Hilti Lebensdaueruntersuchungen durchgeführt. Neben diesen experimentellen Untersuchungen an Wellen werden in dieser Arbeit auch ausgewählte Ergebnisse aus den Bereichen Werkzeugauslegung mittels Strömungssimulation, Wärmeübergangsbestimmung, Wärmebehandlungssimulation und Lebensdaueruntersuchungen vorgestellt.
Cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of <i>Conyza bonariensis</i> on DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis: An <i>in vivo</i> study
Authors: Saleem Mohammad , Naseer Faiza , Hussain Khalid , Alamgeer - 
Published: June 2015

<p>In the present study, we examined the cytotoxic effect of <em>Conyza bonariensis</em> (methanolic extract). The skin carcinogenesis was induced in two stages, first, applying tumor initiator, 7-12-dimethyl benz(a)antheracene and thereafter applying croton oil, a tumor promotor in Swiss albino mice. The morphological alterations observed and measured during the induction of skin ulceration, included; cumulative number of papilloma, tumor yield and tumor burden. <em>C. bonariensis</em> extract (300 and 600 mg/kg/day) was applied locally on mice skin for 16 weeks. The higher dose (600 mg/kg/day) inhibited the tumor formation up to 40% and showed a significant decline in cumulative number of papilloma of continuous group. The results indicated that extract increased the reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased lipid peroxidation compared to carcinogen group. Histopathological changes showed papilomatosis and ulceration in carcinogen control group. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of flavonoid i.e. quercetin which may be responsible for the cytotoxic action of <em>C. bonariensis</em> methanol extract. </p>
Valorisation des agrégats issus de bétons de démolition dans la fabrication de nouveaux bétons
Authors: Hussain Hallshow , Levacher Daniel , Quenec’h Jean-Louis , Bennabi Abdelkrim , Bouvet Fabien 
Published: June 2015

This study concerns the reuse and the valorization of raw waste materials. The main objective consists in the use of aggregates issued from the concrete for making a new manufactured one. In literature, many investigations have stated on the fact that the reuse of the sand (size < 5 mm) is more difficult than the reuse of gravels. Effectively most of pollutants are fine size particles thus they can be concentrated with the sand. Also the sands have a greater specific surface and so they need more water by absorption, what poses a problem at different levels of workability, for the resistance to 28 days and to the level of durability. In this study, we have decided to run tests on the resistance of mortars recycled to 100 % aged of 28 days and a number of tests have been performed on cylindrical concrete samples with only reused gravel to 100 %. Here the used aggregates are clean because waste are coming from samples tested in laboratory. That allows us to characterize the performances of concrete with reused aggregates without pollutants. Results are good, the fall of the resistance by recycling gravels does not exceed 11 % for a fixed characteristic resistance of 26 MPa.
Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la valorisation des déchets de chantier. L’objectif principal est l’emploi de granulats issus des bétons de démolition dans la fabrication de nouveaux bétons. Les études bibliographiques convergent sur le fait que le recyclage de sable (taille < 5 mm) est plus problématique que le recyclage de graviers. En effet du point de vue environnemental la plupart des polluants qui sont de taille très fine se concentrent dans les sables. Par ailleurs les grains de sable ont une surface spécifique plus grande et absorbent plus d’eau ; ceci pose des problèmes à différents stades de la fabrication et de la réalisation : affaissement, résistance à 28 jours et durabilité. Ainsi dans cette étude, nous avons décidé de mener des essais sur la résistance à l’âge de 28 jours de mortiers contenant des sables recyclés puis sur un certain nombre d’éprouvettes de béton avec du gravier recyclé uniquement à 100 %. Les granulats utilisés ici sont des déchets de laboratoire, autrement dit des matériaux relativement propres. Cela permet de caractériser l’évolution des performances des bétons à base de granulats recyclés ≪ non pollués ≫. Les résultats sont encourageants, la chute de la résistance en recyclant le gravier uniquement ne dépasse pas 11 % pour une résistance caractéristique visée de 26 MPa.
FLOCCULATION IN ELASTOMERIC POLYMERS CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES: JAMMING AND THE NEW CONCEPT OF FICTIVE DYNAMIC STRAIN
Authors: Robertson Christopher G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Understanding the physics of the particle network in filled rubber is key to developing reduced energy loss compounds for automobile tires and other applications. Progress toward that goal is evident in the recent literature, which reveals some fascinating parallels between the effect of temperature on traditional glassy materials and the role of deformation on the behavior of granular materials, foams, and particle-filled polymers and pastes. The phenomenological treatment of structural relaxation (physical aging) in the nonequilibrium state of glasses, which includes the characteristic features of nonexponentiality and nonlinearity, is extended in the present work to model the progressive structural arrest (jamming) that occurs during the filler flocculation process in uncrosslinked elastomers. A new concept of fictive dynamic strain is developed for nanoparticle-reinforced rubbery polymers by drawing an analogy to the use of fictive temperature in nonequilibrium glasses. The fictive strain converges toward the actual strain as the system approaches steady state. The utility of the approach is demonstrated using literature data for the filler flocculation process of a nanoparticle-filled elastomer.
Rational Strategies for the Selective Functionalization of Calixarenes
Authors: Lavendomme Roy , Zahim Sara , De Leener Gaël , Inthasot Alex , Mattiuzzi Alice , Luhmer Michel , Reinaud Olivia , Jabin Ivan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCalixarenes are widely used as molecular platforms in supramolecular chemistry. Their efficient modification is key for appending functional moieties such as binding, sensing, chiral, or hydrophilic subunits. Due to the presence of multiple identical functional groups, selective functionalization of such macrocyclic compounds is highly challenging. Indeed, the control of the chemo‐, regio‐, stereo‐ as well as iteroselectivity is required. This review describes rational methods leading to a high degree of regio‐ and/or iteroselectivity and classifies them into specific strategies. Many of these strategies are conceptually very general and hopefully will be a source of inspiration for developing selective methods for other macrocyclic platforms.
Doubly‐Charged Xe Ions Evidenced by Time Resolved RPA Measurement in the Far Field Plume of a Low‐Power HET
Authors: Gibert T. , Balika L. , Diop F. , Bouchoule A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA low power Hall Effect Thruster (HET), based on a permanent magnet circuit, was investigated in the GREMI laboratory facility. The thruster operated in the working range between 50 and 300 W and the previously measured thrust is between 4 and 16 mN for an anodic efficiency respectively between 15% and 27%. The pulsed character of the thruster current is an important feature of this HET. The ion current's bursts are recorded at 30 and 70 cm from the exit plane in the thruster plume and are time‐resolved, which lead to a preliminary analysis of the time of flight (TOF) phenomena. This paper presents a detailed study of these bursts of ion current in the plume. The total ion current is shown to be a superposition of 2 distinct contributions of charged species.In complement, a controlled single current interruption in stable anodic current condition leads to exactly the same features than in oscillating mode. This crucial verification garantees the validity of the time of flight origine of the two distinct contributions.Then, the slower one is the more intense and is proportional to the ion Xe+ current whereas the faster one could be attributed either to doubly‐charged Xe++ or to superfast Xe+. The work presents a way to determine unambiguously the nature of the fast contribution by recording the Retardated Potential Analyser (RPA) signals at various repelling grid potentials with respect to time. The energy distribution of the 2 wellseparated contributions are reconstructed and confirms the contribution of doubly‐charged xenon ions (Xe++) in the plume. This way of RPA collecting data and interpretation presents the main advantage tobe an easy way for the identification of the nature of the charged species in the plume. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Courting Shareholders: The Ethical Implications of Altering Corporate Ownership Structures
Authors: Clark Williams Cynthia , Verstegen Ryan Lori 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT:The relationship between corporate executives and shareholders has riveted the attention of business ethicists since the inception of the field. Most ethicists agree that corporate executives owe their investors the duties of loyalty, candor, and care. These fiduciary duties undergird the promises made to shareholders at the time of incorporation, placing on executives moral obligations to engage in fair dealing and to avoid conflicts of interest.We concur that executives owe all of their existing shareholders both promise-keeping and fiduciary duties and argue that some corporate executives violate these responsibilities by attempting to withhold information from or limit information to some shareholders while courting others. We analyze the ethical implications of six techniques and tools that executives use to attract certain types of shareholders while deterring others. We conclude with recommended structural and behavioral changes to these current managerial and investor practices.
Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) from China
Authors: Yuan Xiangqun , Gao Ke , Yuan Feng , Wang Ping , Zhang Yalin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHesperiidae is one of the largest families of butterflies. Our knowledge of the higher systematics on hesperiids from China is still very limited. We infer the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamilies of Chinese skippers based on three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b (Cytb), the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI)). In this study, 30 species in 23 genera were included in the Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses. The subfamily Coeliadinae, Eudaminae, Pyrginae and Heteropterinae were recovered as a monophyletic clade with strong support. The subfamily Hesperiinae formed a clade, but support for monophyly was weak. Our results imply that the five subfamilies of Chinese Hesperiidae should be divided into: Coeliadinae, Eudaminae, Pyrginae, Heteropterinae and Hesperiinae. The relationships of the five subfamilies should be as follows: Coeliadinae + (Eudaminae + (Pyrginae + (Heteropterinae + Hesperiinae))).