bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryonic development of the alimentary canal of the scorpionfly Panorpa obtusa Cheng (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
Authors: Yue Chao , Hua Baozhen 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe embryonic origin of the alimentary canal, especially the midgut, is a controversial problem in insects, and it has not been satisfactorily resolved to date. The organogenesis of the digestive system in the embryonic development was observed in the scorpionfly Panorpa obtusa Cheng using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. The embryonic development lasts about 150–160 h at 24°C. The stomodaeum is formed from an invagination in the medioposterior portion of the protocephalon mid‐ventrally posterior to the labral segment at 76 h after oviposition. The proctodaeum arises as an invagination from the caudal end of the abdomen at 78 h. Four anal forks are formed from within the opening of proctodaeum. Three pairs of proctodaeal evaginations are formed from the anterior part of the proctodaeum, and eventually developing into Malpighian tubules, thus are of ectodermal origin. The cardiac and pyloric valves develop from stomodaeum and proctodaeum, respectively, and also of ectodermal origin. The midgut epithelium originates from anterior and posterior midgut rudiments in blind ends of the stomodaeum and proctodaeum, and it is of endodermal origin. The two cell‐bands (rudiments) cover the yolk ventrally and then dorsally, elongate to each other, and eventually fuse to form the midgut. The midgut formation pattern is briefly discussed in different insects. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:457–466, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alternations of central insulin‐like growth factor‐1 sensitivity in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and neuronal models
Authors: Zhang Bing , Tang Xi Can , Zhang Hai Yan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough many post‐mortem studies have found evidence of central insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, results on changes of central insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) signaling in the pathological process of AD remain controversial. In the present study, we observed the activation states of IGF‐1 downstream signaling in brain slices of transgenic mice carrying APPswe/PS1dE9 mutations (APP/PS1 mice) at both early and late stages (ex vivo) and further investigated the involvement of oligomeric β‐amyloid (Aβ) and Aβ‐enriched culture medium (CM) on IGF‐1 sensitivity employing neuronal models (in vitro). In 6‐ and 18‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice, the phosphorylations of IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) and Akt in response to IGF‐1 stimulation were significantly reduced in the hippocampal and cortical slices, whereas IGF‐1R protein expression and mRNA levels of IGF‐1 and IGF‐1R in the hippocampal slices were significantly higher than that in wild‐type mice. In agreement with these results, reduced IGF‐1 sensitivity was verified in APP and PS1 double stably transfected CHO cells; moreover, IGF‐1 stimulated phosphorylations of IGF‐1R and Akt were also markedly weakened by oligomeric Aβ or Aβ‐enriched CM posttreatment in CHO cells without APP/PS1‐transfected (K1 cells) and primary hippocampal neurons. These observations indicate that the impaired central IGF‐1 sensitivity at early and late stages of APP/PS1 transgenic mice might be attributable, at least partially, to the overproduced Aβ, especially the oligomeric Aβ. These findings may shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the defective IGF‐1 signaling in AD pathogenesis and provide important clues for AD drug discovery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of ractopamine molecularly imprinted membrane and its application in the rapid determination of three β‐agonists in porcine urine samples
Authors: Wang Peilong , Zhu Hongxia , Zhang Wei , Ye Zhihua , Zhu Ruohua , Su Xiaoou 
Published: February 2013

A novel molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) with ractopamine (RAC) as the template and the hydrophilic PVDF membrane as the support was synthesized for the selective absorption of RAC and its structure analogues. The absorption behavior and selectivity of the MIM were studied. The experimental results showed that the MIM had the good selectivity to three β‐agonists including RAC, RIT, and formoterol (FOM) than that of nonimprinted membrane. The adsorption capacity for three compounds was above 1.88 μg/cm2 of per membrane. Based on the clean‐up and enrichment of porcine urine samples with the MIM, a sensitive determination method of three β‐agonists in porcine urine samples by using MIM followed ultra performance chromatography coupled MS/MS detection was developed. The LOD and LOQ for RAC, RIT, and FOM were below 0.006 and 0.02 ng/mL, respectively. The mean recoveries, repeatability, and reproducibility of three compounds in porcine urine samples varied from 67.9 to 86.3%, from 3.3 to 10.8%, and from 5.3 to 8.5%, respectively. The presented method was applied to test 50 real porcine urine samples. It was demonstrated to be more sensitive and robust for the determination of RAC, RIT, and FOM in porcine urine.
First stage in predicative measure for transnasal transsphenoidal approach to petrous apex cholesterol granuloma
Authors: Shoman Neal , Donaldson Angela M. , Ksiazek Jeffrey , Pensak Myles L. , Zimmer Lee A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study evaluates the feasibility of the transsphenoidal approach to petrous apex cholesterol granuloma based on the petrous angle. This is the angle centered at the vomer, extending between the medial aspect of the C3 segment of the internal carotid artery and the occipital protuberance. The aim of this study is to determine the average petrous angle in a population of normal computed tomography scans.Study Design:Retrospective review at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center.Methods:Two of the authors independently reviewed 400 consecutive normal temporal bone computed tomography scans obtained between September and December of 2009. All scans had slice thickness of 1.25 mm at 0.6‐mm intervals. Axial images parallel to the orbitomeatal plane were analyzed, and the petrous angle was measured bilaterally. Interrater reliability was tested on 50 of the computed tomography scans.Results:A total of 400 temporal bones were reviewed. The mean and median petrous angle was 17.7 and 16.5 degrees, respectively. Eleven (2.8%) had an angle ≤10.0, 331 (82.8%) between 10.1 to 20.0, and 58 (14.5%) ≥ 20.1. The interrater variability was highly correlated (r = 0.912, P < .005).Conclusions:Normative data on consistent petrous apex radiographic landmarks are important for assessing the feasibility of the transphenoidal approach to the petrous apex for cholesterol granuloma drainage. Based on a large population of normal computed tomography scans, the majority of temporal bones (82.8%) have a petrous angle ranging between 10.0 and 20.0 degrees. Laryngoscope, 2013
Predicting positive margins in resection of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck
Authors: Christophel J. Jared , Johnson Andrew K. , McMurry Timothy L. , Park Stephen S. , Levine Paul A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Head and neck melanoma surgeons must achieve negative margins before performing margin compromising reconstructions such as a local flap closure. This often necessitates staged operations, including further margin resection. Peripheral sampling is often used before definitive resection to help guide the extent of the resection. If melanoma margin status could be predicted based on lesion characteristics, the surgeon could be more confident in performing definitive closure immediately after resection of some lesions or confident in the need to take larger margins in predictably extensive lesions.Study Design:Retrospective review and logistic regression analysis.Methods:Institutional review board approval was obtained. Out of 637 patients treated for head and neck melanoma by the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery in the last 10 years, 409 patients had primary resection with available histopathologic margin status used as the outcome variable. Predictor variables of demographics, lesion size, pathologic subtype, location on face, and depth of invasion were collected.Results:Histopathologic margin status could be predicted by age but not by the other predictor variables.Conclusions:In this large series of head and neck melanomas excised using National Comprehensive Cancer Network–recommended margins, histopathologic margin status could be predicted based on age but not on lesion characteristics. This finding is surprising given the published data showing that melanoma in situ has a higher rate of positive margin compared to subtypes of invasive melanoma. It reinforces the need for delaying reconstruction until margins are clear or performing reconstruction at a time of resection that does not compromise the ability to resect margins further (e.g., skin graft).
Predictive factors for patient outcomes following open bedside tracheotomy
Authors: Rayess Hani M. , Revenaugh Peter C. , Benninger Michael S. , Knott P. Daniel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Open bedside tracheotomy (OBT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been advocated as a safe and more cost‐effective alternative to tracheotomy performed in the operating room. The objective of this study is to determine predictive factors for postoperative outcomes, including decannulation and in‐hospital mortality following OBT.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:The charts of 330 consecutive adult patients who underwent OBT at a tertiary care medical center between January, 2005, and April, 2011, were reviewed. Perioperative variables including demographics, comorbidities, serological markers, and time to tracheotomy were collected and analyzed in relation to the endpoints of in‐hospital mortality and decannulation rate.Results:A total of 218 patients were included in the final analysis. The decannulation rate was 26.1% and inpatient mortality was 24.2%. On multivariate analysis, the inpatient mortality rate was significantly increased and the decannulation rate was significantly decreased among patients with concomitant cardiac or respiratory disease, or a coincident diagnosis of malignancy. ICU length of stay was increased by 4.5 days for each unit increase in cardiac comorbidity count.Conclusions:Admitting diagnosis and serological markers did not predict the rates of decannulation or in‐hospital mortality. However, the presence of cardiac disease and/or oncologic comorbidities played a significant role in predicting hospital mortality or eventual decannulation. Several comorbidity combinations resulted in a greater than 60% likelihood of inpatient mortality. In this population, the overall benefit of an OBT may be debatable. Despite very high overall acuity levels, there were no serious procedural complications, indicating that bedside tracheotomy is safe in ill patients.
Risks of radiation versus risks from injury: A clinical decision analysis for the management of penetrating palatal trauma in children
Authors: Hennelly Kara E. , Fine Andrew M. , Jones Dwight T. , Porter Stephen 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisPenetrating palatal trauma in children presents a diagnostic dilemma regarding the small but severe risk of injury to carotid vessels. Decisions regarding which children require computed tomography with angiography must be balanced against the risk of radiation‐induced malignancy. Our objectives were to compare outcomes between children with and without computed tomography with angiography in the evaluation of palatal trauma and to identify thresholds where the ideal strategy changes in the management of children with palatal trauma through sensitivity analyses.Study DesignDecision analytic techniques were used to compare management strategies for penetrating palatal trauma.MethodsWe assigned utilities to the following outcomes: 1) perfect health, 2) future malignancy, 3) carotid injury diagnosed by computed tomography with angiography, and 4) delayed diagnosis of stroke. We calculated outcomes when the risk of stroke ranged from 0.01% to 5.0% for a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 injured children.ResultsNot obtaining computed tomography with angiography is the optimal strategy when the stroke risk is less than 4.5%. In two‐way sensitivity analyses that consider a range of probabilities of radiation‐induced malignancy and stroke, not obtaining computed tomography with angiography on all patients dominates as a strategy until the risk of stroke exceeds 2.3%, and the risk of malignancy is under 0.24%. Routine imaging would introduce 20 additional malignancies for each additional stroke diagnosed.ConclusionsRoutine use of computed tomography with angiography for well‐appearing children with palatal trauma should be reconsidered, as the risk of radiation‐induced malignancy may outweigh the benefit of identifying the rare carotid injury.Level of Evidence2b.
Determination of Legal Responsibility in Iatrogenic Tracheal and Laryngeal Stenosis
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Pashkova Anna A. , Husain Qasim , Mauro Andrew C. , Eloy Jean Daniel , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngotracheal stenosis usually occurs as a result of injury from endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy placement. With an estimated incidence of 1% to 22% after these procedures, chronic sequelae ranging from discomfort to devastating effects on quality of life, and even death, make this complication a potential litigation target. We examined federal and state court records for malpractice regarding laryngotracheal stenosis and examined characteristics influencing determination of liability.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsThe Westlaw Next legal database (Thomson Reuters, New York, NY) was searched for pertinent federal and state malpractice cases and examined for several factors including alleged cause of malpractice, complications, case outcome, and specialty of the defendants.ResultsTwenty‐three pertinent cases over 35 years were identified. Fourteen (60.9%) cases were decided in the physician's favor, with six plaintiff verdicts awarding an average of $922,129 for malpractice, and three out‐of‐court settlements averaging $441,600. Hospitals were the most frequently named defendants, and anesthesiologists were most commonly named physician defendants. Endotracheal intubations and tracheostomy history were frequent factors in these cases. Laryngeal lesions were more likely to result in payments, trending higher than those stemming from tracheal lesions.ConclusionsMultiple cases mentioned previous intubation as a potential risk factor that may have led to laryngotracheal stenosis. Location of stenosis and requirement of reparative procedures may also influence outcomes. Cases not decided in the defendant's favor frequently included other extenuating circumstances, including severity of other injuries. Although the majority of cases were defendant decisions, the verdicts decided for the plaintiffs had considerable damages awarded.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2013
Enzymatic modification of lipids for trans‐free margarine
Authors: Pande Garima , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that high intake of trans fat is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases especially cardiovascular disease. The levels of trans fat in the American diet is of concern. Structured lipid is a lipid that has been modified from its native form either by biocatalysts or chemical catalysts. These modifications result in change in the triacylglycerol molecular species which further alters the physicochemical properties such as melting properties, solid fat content, and oxidative stability of lipids. The process allows the production of a wide range of functional and nutritional lipids that may meet consumer needs. Enzymatically synthesized structured lipids can be used as a substitute for conventional lipids in trans‐free margarine formulations. This article gives an overview of trans fatty acids and enzymatic modification of lipids for producing trans‐free margarine.
Developing personal attachment to a physically active charity event
Authors: Snelgrove Ryan , Wood Laura , Havitz Mark E. 
Published: February 2013

Given the commonplace of physically active charity events, it is increasingly important for charitable organizations to understand how participants form personal attachments to their events so that marketers can maximize the amount of funds raised and achieve an attractive return on marketing expenditures. This exploratory study examines the ways in which participants at a walk/run for multiple sclerosis form personal attachments to the event. The limited work that has been conducted in this area has focused on cycling events, which may not include all types of participants (e.g., people with physical restrictions tied to the cause) and their experiences. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that employed open‐ended qualitative questions. The findings suggest three ways in which participants form attachments to the event, including being known as a fundraiser, aligning self and cause, and developing social bonds. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are Charitable Giving and Religious Attendance Complements or Substitutes? The Role of Measurement Error
Authors: Kim Matthew 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGovernment policies sometimes cause unintended consequences for other potentially desirable behaviors. One such policy is the charitable tax deduction, which encourages charitable giving by allowing individuals to deduct giving from taxable income. Whether charitable giving and other desirable behaviors are complements or substitutes affect the welfare benefit of the deduction—complements increase the benefit, while substitutes decrease the benefit. This paper focuses on the effect of the deduction on one behavior in particular: religious attendance. Using data from the Independent Sector Survey of Giving and Volunteering, I estimate a tax price elasticity for religious attendance of −0.4, which implies that charitable giving and religious attendance are complements. I resolve the difference between my estimate and a recent estimate by W. S. Gruber (2004) that implies charitable giving and religious attendance are substitutes. While Gruber imputes itemization status, an important factor in calculating tax incentives, I use survey‐reported itemization status. This imputation creates a large amount of non‐classical measurement error. I show that the measurement error is responsible for the disparate results: If I also impute itemization status, I obtain similar results as Gruber.
Screening for depression and anxiety in women with breast and gynaecologic cancer: course and prevalence of morbidity over 12 months
Authors: Stafford Lesley , Judd Fiona , Gibson Penny , Komiti Angela , Mann G. Bruce , Quinn Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the course and prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms over 56 weeks in women with newly diagnosed breast and gynaecologic cancer and determine the acceptability and efficiency of incorporating routine screening into practice.MethodsParticipants completed the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐A) and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) at diagnosis and again every 8 weeks for 56 weeks. Changes over time were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA adjusted for post hoc comparisons. Thresholds for caseness/referral to mental health were ≥11 and ≥16 on the HADS‐A and CES‐D, respectively.ResultsParticipants were 167 women (101 breast, 66 gynaecologic). Mean ± SD age was 57.63 ± 22.66 years. Rates of anxiety (17.7%), depression (32.5%) and combined anxiety and depression (35%) symptoms were highest at diagnosis. Mean ± SD scores of anxiety (6.43 ± 3.83) and depression symptoms (12.68 ± 9.47) were highest at diagnosis with significant improvements observed by 8 and 24 weeks, respectively, and maintained thereafter. Overall rates of anxiety, depression and combined symptoms were 7.5%, 23.4% and 24.1%, respectively. Patients with breast and gynaecologic cancer did not differ. Referral was offered at least once to 94 women (56.3%), of whom 45 (47.9%) declined, 23 (24.5%) accepted and 26 (27.7%) were already receiving treatment. Patient evaluation was favourable.ConclusionsWomen are most vulnerable to psychological morbidity at diagnosis. Symptoms improve significantly over time. Reported rates are lower than those in the literature. Regular screening by self‐report is acceptable to patients but may not be the most efficient method of improving patient outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic profiling of the autoimmune response to breast cancer antigens uncovers a suppressive effect of hormone therapy
Authors: Chao Timothy , Ladd Jon J. , Qiu Ji , Johnson Melissa M. , Israel Rebecca , Chin Alice , Wang Hong , Prentice Ross L. , Feng Ziding , Disis Mary L. , Hanash Samir 
Published: February 2013

PurposeProteomics technologies are well suited for harnessing the immune response to tumor antigens for diagnostic applications as in the case of breast cancer. We previously reported a substantial impact of hormone therapy (HT) on the proteome. Here, we investigated the effect of HT on the immune response toward breast tumor antigens.Experimental designPlasmas collected 0–10 months prior to diagnosis of ER+ breast cancer from 190 postmenopausal women and 190 controls that participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study were analyzed for the effect of HT on IgG reactivity against arrayed proteins from MCF‐7 or SKBR3 breast cancer cell line lysates following extensive fractionation.ResultsHT user cases exhibited significantly reduced autoantibody reactivity against arrayed proteins compared to cases who were Not Current users. An associated reduced level of IL‐6 and other immune‐related cytokines was observed among HT users relative to nonusers.Conclusion and clinical relevanceOur findings suggest occurrence of a global altered immune response to breast cancer‐derived proteins associated with HT. Thus a full understanding of factors that modulate the immune response is necessary to translate autoantibody panels into clinical applications.