bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a Stronger System for Tracking Nutrition-Sensitive Spending
Authors: Ickes Scott B. , Trichler Rachel B. , Parks Bradley C. 
Published: October 2015

Background: There is growing awareness that the necessary solutions for improving nutrition outcomes are multisectorial. As such, investments are increasingly directed toward “nutrition-sensitive” approaches that not only address an underlying or basic determinant of nutrition but also seek to achieve an explicit nutrition goal or outcome. Understanding how and where official development assistance (ODA) for nutrition is invested remains an important but complex challenge, as development projects components vary in their application to nutrition outcomes. Currently, no systematic method exists for tracking nutrition-sensitive ODA. Objective: To develop a methodology for classifying and tracking nutrition-sensitive ODA and to produce estimates of the amount of nutrition-sensitive aid received by countries with a high burden of undernutrition. Methods: We analyzed all financial flows reported to the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development’s Development Assistance Committee Creditor Reporting Service in 2010 to estimate these investments. We assessed the relationships between national stunting prevalence, stunting burden, under-5 mortality, and the amount of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive ODA. Results: We estimate that, in 2010, a total of $379·4 million (M) US dollars (USD) was committed to nutrition-specific projects and programs of which 25 designated beneficiaries (countries and regions) accounted for nearly 85% ($320 M). A total of $1.79 billion (B) was committed to nutrition-sensitive spending, of which the top 25 countries/regions accounted for $1.4 B (82%). Nine categories of development activities accounted for 75% of nutrition-sensitive spending, led by Reproductive Health Care (30·4%), Food Aid/Food Security Programs (14·1%), Emergency Food Aid (13·2%), and Basic Health Care (5·0%). Multivariate linear regression models indicate that the amount of nutrition-sensitive ( P = .001) and total nutrition ODA was significantly predicted by stunting prevalence ( P = .001). The size of the total population of stunted children significantly predicted the amount of nutrition-specific ODA ( P < .001). Conclusion: The recipient profile of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive ODA is related but distinct. Nutrition indicators are associated with the level of nutrition-related ODA commitments to recipient countries. A reliable estimate of nutrition spending is critical for effective planning by both donors and recipients and key for success, as the global development community recommits to a new round of goals to address the interrelated causes of undernutrition in low-income countries.
Translation and Validation of the Finnish Version of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Questionnaire (PRWE) in Patients with Acute Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Sandelin H. , Jalanko T. , Huhtala H. , Lassila H. , Haapala J. , Helkamaa T. 
Published: October 2015

Background and Aims: Patient-rated outcome measures have become increasingly important in clinical research. They provide research and clinical tools which can be utilized in the assessment of patient recovery and treatment efficacy. The purpose of our study was to translate and validate the original version of the PRWE form into Finnish. Material and Methods: We conducted the translation of the PRWE questionnaire according to standardized guidelines. Patients ( N = 119) with an acute distal radius fracture were recruited, and they completed the PRWE and QuickDASH questionnaires at 2 months and 4 months after the wrist injury. Results: The mean answering times were 52 days (standard deviation [SD] 9.8 days) and 116 days (standard deviation [SD] 14.8 days), respectively. Both the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.976 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.992 (95% CI 0.966–0.998) showed excellent reliability for the total PRWE score. The correlation coefficients between the total score, the subscales, and for improvement over time for PRWE and QuickDASH were excellent. The responsiveness was good with an effect size of 0.83 and a standard response mean of 1.22. Conclusion: Our study shows that the Finnish version of the PRWE is reliable, valid, and responsive for the evaluation of pain and disability after distal radius fracture.
Surface protein Esp enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through NF-κB activation during enterococcal infection
Authors: Zou Jun , Shankar Nathan 
Published: October 2015

Enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is encoded on a pathogenicity island in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium and is involved in biofilm formation and binding to epithelial cells. In this study, using Esp-expressing E. faecalis MMH594 and its isogenic Esp-deficient strain, as well as purified Esp, we show that Esp is sufficient for activation of NF-κB and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in macrophages in vitro. In a mouse peritonitis model, we also show that mice infected with Esp-expressing E. faecalis showed comparatively higher levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in peritoneal fluid, and IL-6 in serum. Moreover, neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage in the liver was higher in the mice infected with the Esp-expressing strain compared with mice infected with the Esp-deficient mutant. These results add Esp to the growing list of enterococcal virulence factors that can modulate inflammation during infection and has implications for enterococcal pathogenesis.
Functional electrical stimulation may reduce bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease: A feasibility study
Authors: Popa Livia , Taylor Paul 
Published: October 2015

Objectives This feasibility study investigated the effect of combined upper and lower limb functional electrical stimulation (FES) to reduce bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method Eleven people with PD and Hoehn and Yahr score 2–3 used FES to assist dorsiflexion and hand opening or fine hand movements for 2 weeks. Outcome measures were the nine-hole peg test, box and block test, 10 m walking test, Tinetti balance scale, modified Parkinson’s disease quality of life questionnaire (PDQL), SPES/SCOPA scale, and compliance. All tests were carried out without FES. Comparisons were tested using the Student paired t-test. Results Two participants dropped out due to difficulty in using the equipment. Mean walking speed increased by 0.29 m s−1 ( p = 0.002), step length by 0.09 m ( p = 0.007), and cadence by 19.8 steps min−1 ( p = 0.045). Tinetti balance score increased by 2.9 ( p = 0.006). There was an increase in the box and block test of 5.1 ( p = 0.025). The PD symptoms score of the PDQL improved by 4.9 ( p = 0.013) and a reduction in SPES/SCOPA score of 5.7 ( p = 0.005) indicated a reduced impact of PD. Conclusions FES produced clinically meaningful improvements in gait and upper limb function. Some participants found using both interventions challenging and we would recommend that their introduction be staggered.
Sirolimus is effective in relapsed/refractory autoimmune cytopenias: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial
Authors: Bride Karen L. , Vincent Tiffaney , Smith-Whitley Kim , Lambert Michele P. , Bleesing Jack J. , Seif Alix E. , Manno Catherine S. , Casper James , Grupp Stephan A. , Teachey David T. 
Published: October 2015

Key Points
Sirolimus monotherapy is a safe and effective steroid-sparing agent, improving autoimmune cytopenias in highly refractory patients. Sirolimus is particularly active in ALPS and should be an early therapy option for patients who require chronic therapy.
Clinical Utility of Metrics Based on Tumor Measurements in Phase II Trials to Predict Overall Survival Outcomes in Phase III Trials by Using Resampling Methods
Authors: An Ming-Wen , Han Yu , Meyers Jeffrey P. , Bogaerts Jan , Sargent Daniel J. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose Phase II clinical trials inform go/no-go decisions for proceeding to phase III trials, and appropriate end points in phase II trials are critical for facilitating this decision. Phase II solid tumor trials have traditionally used end points such as tumor response defined by Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST). We previously reported that absolute and relative changes in tumor measurements demonstrated potential, but not convincing, improvement over RECIST to predict overall survival (OS). We have evaluated the metrics by using additional measures of clinical utility and data from phase III trials. Methods Resampling methods were used to assess the clinical utility of metrics to predict phase III outcomes from simulated phase II trials. In all, 2,000 phase II trials were simulated from four actual phase III trials (two positive for OS and two negative for OS). Cox models for three metrics landmarked at 12 weeks and adjusted for baseline tumor burden were fit for each phase II trial: absolute changes, relative changes, and RECIST. Clinical utility was assessed by positive predictive value and negative predictive value, that is, the probability of a positive or negative phase II trial predicting an effective or ineffective phase III conclusion, by prediction error, and by concordance index (c-index). Results Absolute and relative change metrics had higher positive predictive value and negative predictive value than RECIST in five of six treatment comparisons and lower prediction error curves in all six. However, differences were negligible. No statistically significant difference in c-index across metrics was found. Conclusion The absolute and relative change metrics are not meaningfully better than RECIST in predicting OS.
Ablative Radiotherapy Doses Lead to a Substantial Prolongation of Survival in Patients With Inoperable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Dose Response Analysis
Authors: Tao Randa , Krishnan Sunil , Bhosale Priya R. , Javle Milind M. , Aloia Thomas A. , Shroff Rachna T. , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Bishop Andrew J. , Swanick Cameron W. , Koay Eugene J. , Thames Howard D. , Hong Theodore S. , Das Prajnan , Crane Christopher H. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose Standard therapies for localized inoperable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) are ineffective. Advances in radiotherapy (RT) techniques and image guidance have enabled ablative doses to be delivered to large liver tumors. This study evaluated the effects of RT dose escalation in the treatment of IHCC. Patients and Methods Seventy-nine consecutive patients with inoperable IHCC were identified and treated with definitive RT from 2002 to 2014. At diagnosis, the median tumor size was 7.9 cm (range, 2.2 to 17 cm). Seventy patients (89%) received systemic chemotherapy before RT. RT doses were 35 to 100 Gy (median, 58.05 Gy) in three to 30 fractions for a median biologic equivalent dose (BED) of 80.5 Gy (range, 43.75 to 180 Gy). Results Median follow-up time for patients alive at time of analysis was 33 months (range, 11 to 93 months). Median overall survival (OS) time after diagnosis was 30 months; 3-year OS rate was 44%. Radiation dose was the single most important prognostic factor; higher doses correlated with an improved local control (LC) rate and OS. The 3-year OS rate for patients receiving BED greater than 80.5 Gy was 73% versus 38% for those receiving lower doses (P = .017); 3-year LC rate was significantly higher (78%) after a BED greater than 80.5 Gy than after lower doses (45%, P = .04). BED as a continuous variable significantly affected LC (P = .009) and OS (P = .004). There were no significant treatment-related toxicities. Conclusion Delivery of higher doses of RT improves LC and OS in inoperable IHCC. A BED greater than 80.5 Gy seems to be an ablative dose of RT for large IHCCs, with long-term survival rates that compare favorably with resection.
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Pulmonary Carbon Dioxide Elimination for Noninvasive Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness
Authors: Tusman Gerardo , Groisman Iván , Maidana Gustavo A. , Scandurra Adriana , Arca Jorge Martinez , Bohm Stephan H. , Suarez-Sipmann Fernando 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:
We sought to determine whether the response of pulmonary elimination of CO2 (Vco
2) to a sudden increase in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) could predict fluid responsiveness and serve as a noninvasive surrogate for cardiac index (CI).

METHODS:
Fifty-two patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery were included in this study. By using a constant-flow ventilation mode, we performed a PEEP challenge of 1-minute increase in PEEP from 5 to 10 cm H2O. At PEEP of 5 cm H2O, patients were preloaded with 500 mL IV saline solution after which a second PEEP challenge was performed. Patients in whom fluid administration increased CI by ≥15% from the individual baseline value were defined as volume responders. Beat-by-beat CI was derived from arterial pulse contour analysis, and breath-by-breath Vco
2 data were collected during the protocol. The sensitivity and specificity of Vco
2 for detecting the fluid responders according to CI was performed by the receiver operating characteristic curves.

RESULTS:
Twenty-one of 52 patients were identified as fluid responders (40%). The PEEP maneuver before fluid administration decreased CI from 2.65 ± 0.34 to 2.21 ± 0.32 L/min/m2 (P = 0.0011) and Vco
2 from 150 ± 23 to 123 ± 23 mL/min (P = 0.0036) in responders, whereas the changes in CI and Vco
2 were not significant in nonresponders. The PEEP challenge after fluid administration induced no significant changes in CI and Vco
2, in neither responders nor nonresponders. PEEP-induced decreases in CI and Vco
2 before fluid administration were well correlated (r2 = 0.75, P < 0.0001) but not thereafter. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for a PEEP-induced decrease in ΔCI and ΔVco
2 was 0.99, with a 95% confidence interval from 0.96 to 0.99 for ΔCI and from 0.97 to 0.99 for ΔVco
2. During the PEEP challenge, a decrease in Vco
2 by 11% predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.93) and a specificity of 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.92–0.98).

CONCLUSIONS:
PEEP-induced changes in Vco
2 predicted fluid responsiveness with accuracy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Effectiveness of a Hybrid Classroom in the Delivery of Medical Terminology Course Content Relative to a Traditional Classroom Format
Authors: Martin Jeffrey S , Kreiger Joan E , Apicerno Amy L 
Published: October 2015

Hybrid courses are emerging as a viable option for content delivery across college campuses. In an attempt to maximize learning outcomes while leveraging resources, one institution used several sections of a Medical Terminology course as a pilot. Traditional and hybrid course delivery were compared utilizing a quantitative research method to evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid course design in meeting and/or exceeding course objectives, as determined by student satisfaction and perceptions. Both hybrid and traditional class groups agreed that Medical Terminology has potential to be delivered in a hybrid format, but the hybrid group’s agreement was significant stronger (+0.38 points on 5-point scale, P=0.008).
Key words: hybrid course, flipped classroom, SOTL, STEM
Comments on “‘Screening’ for Breast Cancer: Misguided Research Misinforming Public Policies” by O. S. Miettinen
Authors: Steurer J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFrom the writings in medical journals and newspapers, for many decades already, it has seemed uncertain whether programs of mammographic screening reduce mortality from breast cancer. Reviewers of the evidence, in the Cochrane Collaboration in particular, have repeatedly concluded that there is no clear evidence supporting such screening. But their results and conclusions have not impressed the advocates who continue to believe that it does reduce mortality from the cancer.
The twisted Cartesian model for the double path fibration
Authors: Kadeishvili Tornike , Saneblidze Samson 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the notion of a truncating twisting function from a cubical set to a permutahedral set and the corresponding notion of a twisted Cartesian product of these sets are introduced. The latter becomes a permutocubical set that models, in particular, the path fibration on a loop space. The chain complex of this twisted Cartesian product is in fact a comultiplicative twisted tensor product of cubical chains of base and permutahedral chains of fibre. This construction is formalized as a theory of twisted tensor products for Hirsch algebras.
The Effects of a PETTLEP Imagery Intervention on the Learning of a Complex Motor Skill
Authors: Post Phillip G. , Williams Cody D. , Simpson Duncan , Berning Joseph M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Prior research has largely suggested that imagery is an effective mental skill for enhancing learners’ skill acquisition of cognitive tasks (Hird, Landers, Thomas, & Horan, 1991; Ryan & Simons, 1981). However, additional research is needed to determine if imagery can benefit learners’ skill acquisition of motor tasks. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a four-week PETTLEP imagery intervention on learners’ skill acquisition of a standing long jump. Seventy-six female college students (M age=20.6 yrs; SD=1.77) were assigned into one of four groups: physical practice (PP), imagery plus physical practice (IP+PP), imagery practice (IP), or a control group (CON). The study consisted of three phases: pre-test, intervention, and a post-test. During the intervention phase the PP group completed 80 physical jumps; IP+PP group completed 40 imaged and 40 physical jumps; the IP group completed 80 imaged jumps; and the CON group engaged in a distraction task. During each experimental phase participants filled out the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) to assess self-reported motivation. Results revealed that the PP and IP+PP groups outperformed the CON group on the post-test. From pre to post, the PP and IP+PP groups improved, the IP group maintained performance, and CON group decreased in performance. All of the training groups’ reported significantly higher effort/importance ratings on the IMI during the intervention and post-test phases compared to the CON group. Results extend prior research by demonstrating that imagery combined with physical practice can benefit the learning of a complex motor task and that imagery alone may assist learners in maintaining initial skill proficiency.
God, Genetics, and Event Phenomenology
Authors: Love Carolyn J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the classical Christian theological understanding, God and time are tightly interwoven (e.g. time and eternity, the Incarnation, and liturgy) and inform how we comprehend the presence and absence of the Incomprehensible in our day-to-day lives. Yet the classical Christian understanding of temporality does not take into account scientific discoveries pertaining to time, and how this influences our experience of temporality. It is within the fabric of God and time that this paper will bring together the concept of time in event phenomenology and biology, namely genetics, to construct a more robust understanding of temporality, a genetic-event model of temporality, that avoids the classical Christian issues of temporal/eternal antinomy, mind soul location, metaphysics of transcendence, or transcendental epistemology. Thus, providing an original approach to how we think about God today in a culture that seeks answers from science, as well as religion. This paper will discuss the usefulness of the geneticevent model in theology, in science, and in the dialogue between theology and science, demonstrating that these two ways of knowing can benefit each other.
Science and Spirit: A Critical Examination of Amos Yong’s Pneumatological Theology of Emergence
Authors: Leidenhag Mikael , Leidenhag Joanna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper is a critical examination of Amos Yong’s pneumatological use of emergence theory. In seeking to bridge the divide between the worldviews of science and Pentecostalism, Yong sees emergence theory as a fruitful mediating discourse. We will argue for the following: 1) the supernaturalism of Yong’s Pentecostal theology renders the concept of emergence obsolete; 2) the ontological independence of various types of spirits in Yong’s theology breaks his commitment to supervenience theory; and 3) Yong’s transference of scientific concepts into the normative discourse of theology is potentially problematic. These criticisms should be seen as a call for Yong to depart from emergence theory (and supervenience) in his admirable ambition to harmonize the spirit-filled imagination of Pentecostalism with the scientific culture of the 21st century.
Development of an Optimal Design for Conforming Run Length Sampling Methods in the Presence of Inspection Errors
Authors: Yazdi Ahmad Ahmadi , Fallah Nezhad Mohammad Saber , Shishebori Davood , Mostafaeipour Ali 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this research, a new sampling system was introduced based on the concept of conforming run length. The inspection error was considered in the proposed model as well. This methodology was based on Markov modeling and a negative binomial distribution. The proposed sampling system was compared with classical sampling methods such as the Dodge-Romig single sampling plan based on average outgoing quality limit (AOQL) in the presence of inspection errors. The superiority of the proposed method for larger values of lot sizes and process average was denoted using a comparison study.
Evaluation and Optimization of Grouting Treatment for Composite Pavement
Authors: Yang Qun , Deng Ying-Jie , Sun Wen-Zhou 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Voids under a concrete slab are common in composite pavement because of difficulties in controlling grouting treatment. To evaluate grouting treatment for composite pavement accurately and then to optimize the grouting scheme, the modulus of subgrade reaction (the k-value) was proposed as the evaluation criteria of grouting treatment. Based on deflection basin data acquired by a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) on a test road, k-values under slabs were backcalculated and various treatment schemes were compared by statistical methods. Results show that grouting treatment makes the average support strength in the first and second lanes of test road increase by 11.21 % and 13.16 %, respectively. Grouting under the center of a slab has a negative effect on pavement strength. Hence, a four-hole grouting scheme is recommended instead of the five-hole grouting scheme. Besides, pavement grouting can also significantly strengthen the support under adjacent slabs that are not treated directly.