bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirtazapine for antipsychotic-induced acute akathisia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Praharaj Samir Kumar , Kongasseri Sreejayan , Behere Rishikesh V. , Sharma Podila Satya Venkata Narasimha 
Published: August 2015

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of mirtazapine for the treatment of antipsychotic-induced acute akathisia (AIAA). Methods: Studies were identified using online searches of PUBMED/MEDLINE and Cochrane database (CENTRAL), along with websites recording trial information such as www.clinicaltrials.gov , www.controlled-trials.com , and www.clinicalstudyresults.org . The study eligibility criteria were randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing mirtazapine with placebo for AIAA with standardized rating for akathisia as outcome measure. The methodological quality of included trials was assessed using the Jadad Scale. Separate meta-analyses were undertaken for each outcome (response rate and complete remission) and treatment effects were expressed as Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio (RR). Fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed as heterogeneity was not significant. Number need to treat (NNT) as a measure of relative treatment effectiveness was calculated. Results: A systematic review of the literature revealed six studies that had assessed mirtazapine for the treatment of AIAA. Of these, two studies ( n = 86) met the review inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. A meta-analysis was performed to see the effect size of response rate and complete remission. For response rate, RR was 6.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.14–20.78], favoring mirtazapine compared with placebo, and the overall effect was significant ( p = 0.001, NNT 4, 95% CI 2.6–8.6). For complete remission, RR was 6.20 (95% CI 1.74–22.08), favoring mirtazapine compared with placebo, and the overall effect was significant ( p = 0.005, NNT 5, 95% CI 2.9–11.6). Conclusions: Although limited to only two studies and small sample, existing data support the efficacy of mirtazapine for the treatment of AIAA, with one in four patients showing partial response and one in five patients showing complete remission.
Multiple sclerosis in Latin America: A different disease course severity? A collaborative study from the MSBase Registry
Authors: Rojas Juan Ignacio , Patrucco Liliana , Trojano Maria , Lugaresi Alessandra , Izquierdo Guillermo , Butzkueven Helmut , Jokubaitis Vilija , Duquette Pierre , Girard Marc , Grand’Maison Francois , Grammond Pierre , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Hupperts Raymond , Boz Cavit , Petersen Thor , Bergamaschi Roberto , Giuliani Giorgio , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Barnett Michael , Rio Maria Edite , Van Pesch Vincent , Amato Maria Pia , Iuliano Gerardo , Fiol Marcela , Slee Mark , Verheul Freek , Fernandez-Bolanos Ricardo , Poehlau Dieter , Saladino Maria Laura , Braber-Moerland Leontien Den , Deri Norma , Oleschko-Arruda Walter , Cabrera-Gomez Jose Antonio , Paine Mark , Vella Norbert , Kister Ilya , Skromne Eli , Savino Aldo , Shaw Cameron , Moore Fraser , Vucic Steve , Petkovska-Boskova Tatjana , Bacile Elizabeth Alejandra Bacile , Santiago Vetere , Cristiano Edgardo 
Published: August 2015

Limited data suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS) in Latin America (LA) could be less severe than in the rest of the world. The objective was to compare the course of MS between LA and other regions. Methods Centers from 18 countries with >20 cases enrolled in the MSBase Registry participated. Patients with MS with a disease duration of >1 year and <30 years at time of EDSS measurement were evaluated. The MS Severity Score (MSSS) was used as a measure of disease progression. Comparisons among regions (North America, Europe, Australia and LA), hemispheres and countries were performed. Results A total of 9610 patients were included. Patients were from: Europe, 6290 (65.6%); North America, 1609 (16.7%); Australia, 1119 (11.6%); and LA, 592 (6.1%). The mean MSSS in patients from LA was 4.47 ± 2.8, 4.53 ± 2.8 in North America, 4.51 ± 2.8 in Europe and 4.49 ± 2.7 in Australia. Mean MSSS in the northern hemisphere was 4.51 ± 1.6 compared to 4.48 ± 1.9 in the southern hemisphere. No differences were found for MSSS among hemispheres ( p = 0.68), regions ( p = 0.96) or countries ( p = 0.50). Conclusions Our analyses did not discover any difference in mean MSSS among patients from different regions, hemispheres or countries.
Structural basis for quinine-dependent antibody binding to platelet integrin αIIbβ3
Authors: Zhu Jianghai , Zhu Jieqing , Bougie Daniel W. , Aster Richard H. , Springer Timothy A. 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
Quinine binds to quinine-dependent antibodies first and causes CDR loop reconfiguration. A hybrid paratope consisting of quinine and reconfigured CDR recognizes its target epitope.
Pre-existing atrial fibrillation and risk of arterial thromboembolism and death in intensive care unit patients: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Gamst Jacob , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Rasmussen Lars Hvilsted , Thomsen Reimar Wernich 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionPre-existing atrial fibrillation (AF) may worsen prognosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsIn a cohort study (2005–2011) including all patients with first-time ICU admissions in Denmark (n=57,110), we compared patients with and without pre-existing AF and estimated absolute risks and relative risks (RRs) of arterial thromboembolism and death within 30 days and 365 days following admission, using Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariate regression analyses. We analysed the prognostic impact of AF within strata of patient age, sex, coexisting cardiac diseases, and ICU therapies.ResultsAmong ICU patients, 5065 (9 %) had pre-existing AF. Compared with patients without AF, those with AF were older (median age 75 vs. 62 years) and had more comorbidity. The risk of arterial thromboembolism was 2.8 % in patients with AF and 2.0 % in non-AF patients at 30 days, and 4.3 % and 2.9 %, respectively, at 365 days. Corresponding RRs were 1.41 crude and 1.14 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.93–1.40) adjusted at 30 days, and 1.50 crude and 1.20 (95 % CI 1.02–1.41) adjusted at 365 days. Thirty-day mortality was 27 % in patients with pre-existing AF and 16 % in non-AF patients (crude RR 1.67, adjusted RR 1.04, 95 % CI 0.99–1.10). Corresponding mortality estimates at 365 days were 40.9 % and 25.4 %, respectively (crude RR 1.61, adjusted RR 1.03, 95 % CI 1.00–1.07). In stratified analyses, pre-existing AF increased mortality in ICU patients aged <55 years (adjusted RR at 30 days 1.73, 95 % CI 1.29–2.32; adjusted RR at 365 days 1.34, 95 % CI 1.06–1.69) and in ICU patients treated with mechanical ventilation (adjusted RR at 30 days 1.12, 95 % CI 1.05–1.20, adjusted RR at 365 days 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.15). Analyses stratified by sex and coexisting cardiac diseases yielded adjusted RRs close to 1.ConclusionsIn ICU patients, pre-existing AF was associated with modestly increased risk of arterial thromboembolism when adjusted for the substantially higher age and comorbidity levels in patients with AF, whereas there was no overall association with mortality. In ICU patients aged <55 years and in those treated with mechanical ventilation, AF predicted increased mortality.
Convergence theorems for generalized nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces
Authors: Thakur Dipti , Thakur Balwant Singh , Postolache Mihai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we prove strong and weak convergence theorems for a mapping defined on a bounded, closed and convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space, satisfying the RCSC condition. This condition was introduced by Karapınar (Dynamical Systems and Methods, 2012). We first establish the demiclosed principle for the mapping satisfying the RCSC condition. Then, using this principle, we establish the weak and strong convergence theorems. Results in the paper extend and improve a number of important results in this literature such as Khan and Suzuki (Nonlinear Anal. 80:211-215, 2013) and Reich (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 67:274-276, 1979).
Endpoints of multivalued nonexpansive mappings in geodesic spaces
Authors: Panyanak Bancha 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLet X be either a uniformly convex Banach space or a reflexive Banach space having the Opial property. It is shown that a multivalued nonexpansive mapping on a bounded closed convex subset of X has an endpoint if and only if it has the approximate endpoint property. This is the first result regarding the existence of endpoints for such kind of mappings even in Hilbert spaces. The related result in a complete CAT(0) space is also given.
Obesity, Aspirin, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Carriers of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Investigation in the CAPP2 Study
Authors: Movahedi Mohammad , Bishop D. Timothy , Macrae Finlay , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Moeslein Gabriela , Olschwang Sylviane , Eccles Diana , Evans D. Gareth , Maher Eamonn R. , Bertario Lucio , Bisgaard Marie-Luise , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Ho Judy W.C. , Hodgson Shirley V. , Lindblom Annika , Lubinski Jan , Morrison Patrick J. , Murday Victoria , Ramesar Raj S. , Side Lucy , Scott Rodney J. , Thomas Huw J.W. , Vasen Hans F. , Burn John , Mathers John C. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose In the general population, increased adiposity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether obesity has similar effects in those with hereditary CRC is uncertain. This prospective study investigated the association between body mass index and cancer risk in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). Patients and Methods Participants with LS were recruited to the CAPP2 study, in which they were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 600 mg per day or aspirin placebo, plus resistant starch 30 g per day or starch placebo (2 × 2 factorial design). Mean intervention period was 25.0 months, and mean follow-up was 55.7 months. Results During follow-up, 55 of 937 participants developed CRC. For obese participants, CRC risk was 2.41× (95% CI, 1.22 to 4.85) greater than for underweight and normal-weight participants (reference group), and CRC risk increased by 7% for each 1-kg/m2 increase in body mass index. The risk of all LS-related cancers in obese people was 1.77× (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.96; P = .03) greater than for the reference group. In subgroup analysis, obesity was associated with 3.72× (95% CI, 1.41 to 9.81) greater CRC risk in patients with LS with MLH1 mutation, but no excess risk was observed in those with MSH2 or MSH6 mutation (P = .5). The obesity-related excess CRC risk was confined to those randomly assigned to the aspirin placebo group (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.12 to 6.79; P = .03). Conclusion Obesity is associated with substantially increased CRC risk in patients with LS, but this risk is abrogated in those taking aspirin. Such patients are likely to benefit from obesity prevention and/or regular aspirin.
Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthesia Requirements and Anxiety in Women Undergoing Ambulatory Breast Surgery for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bradley Palmer Jaclyn , Lane Deforia , Mayo Diane , Schluchter Mark , Leeming Rosemary 
Published: August 2015

Purpose To investigate the effect of live and recorded perioperative music therapy on anesthesia requirements, anxiety levels, recovery time, and patient satisfaction in women experiencing surgery for diagnosis or treatment of breast cancer. Patients and Methods Between 2012 and 2014, 207 female patients undergoing surgery for potential or known breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive either patient-selected live music (LM) preoperatively with therapist-selected recorded music intraoperatively (n = 69), patient-selected recorded music (RM) preoperatively with therapist-selected recorded music intraoperatively (n = 70), or usual care (UC) preoperatively with noise-blocking earmuffs intraoperatively (n = 68). Results The LM and the RM groups did not differ significantly from the UC group in the amount of propofol required to reach moderate sedation. Compared with the UC group, both the LM and the RM groups had greater reductions (P < .001) in anxiety scores preoperatively (mean changes [and standard deviation: −30.9 [36.3], −26.8 [29.3], and 0.0 [22.7]), respectively. The LM and RM groups did not differ from the UC group with respect to recovery time; however, the LM group had a shorter recovery time compared with the RM group (a difference of 12.4 minutes; 95% CI, 2.2 to 22.5; P = .018). Satisfaction scores for the LM and RM groups did not differ from those of the UC group. Conclusion Including music therapy as a complementary modality with cancer surgery may help manage preoperative anxiety in a way that is safe, effective, time-efficient, and enjoyable.
Continuous Therapy Versus Fixed Duration of Therapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Palumbo Antonio , Gay Francesca , Cavallo Federica , Di Raimondo Francesco , Larocca Alessandra , Hardan Izhar , Nagler Arnon , Petrucci Maria T. , Hajek Roman , Pezzatti Sara , Delforge Michel , Patriarca Francesca , Donato Francesca , Cerrato Chiara , Nozzoli Chiara , Yu Zhinuan , Boccadifuoco Luana , Caravita Tommaso , Benevolo Giulia , Guglielmelli Tommasina , Vincelli Donatella , Jacques Christian , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Ciccone Giovannino , Musto Pellegrino , Corradini Paolo , Cavo Michele , Boccadoro Mario 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Continuous therapy (CT) prolongs progression-free survival 1 (PFS1; time from random assignment until the first progression or death), but chemotherapy-resistant relapse may negatively impact overall survival (OS). Progression-free survival 2 (PFS2; time from random assignment until the second progression or death) may represent an additional tool to estimate outcome. This study evaluates the benefit of novel agent–based CT versus fixed duration of therapy (FDT) in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Methods We included patients enrolled onto three phase III trials that randomly assigned patients to novel agent–based CT versus FDT. Primary analyses were restricted to the intent-to-treat population eligible for CT (patients progression free and alive at 1 year after random assignment). Primary end points were PFS1, PFS2, and OS. All hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were adjusted for several potential confounders using Cox models. Results In the pooled analysis of the three trials, 604 patients were randomly assigned to CT and 614 were assigned to FDT. Median follow-up was 52 months. In the intent-to-treat CT population, CT (n = 417), compared with FDT (n = 410), significantly improved PFS1 (median, 32 v 16 months, respectively; HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.56; P < .001), PFS2 (median, 55 v 40 months, respectively; HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.75; P < .001), and OS (4-year OS, 69% v 60%, respectively; HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.88; P = .003). Conclusion In this pooled analysis, CT significantly improved PFS1, PFS2, and OS. The improvement in PFS2 suggests that the benefit reported during first remission is not cancelled by a shorter second remission. PFS2 is a valuable end point to estimate long-term clinical benefit and should be included in future trials.
Evaluation of the Safety and Benefit of Phase I Oncology Trials for Patients With Primary CNS Tumors
Authors: Gounder Mrinal M. , Nayak Lakshmi , Sahebjam Solmaz , Muzikansky Alona , Sanchez Armando J. , Desideri Serena , Ye Xiaobu , Ivy S. Percy , Nabors L. Burt , Prados Michael , Grossman Stuart , DeAngelis Lisa M. , Wen Patrick Y. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) are frequently excluded from first-in-human solid tumor trials because of perceived poor prognosis, excessive toxicities, concomitant drug interactions, and poor efficacy. We conducted an analysis of outcomes from select, single-agent phase I studies in patients with HGG. We compared outcomes to pooled analysis of published studies in solid tumors with various molecular and cytotoxic drugs evaluated as single agents or as combinations. Patient and Methods Individual records of patients with recurrent HGG enrolled onto Adult Brain Tumor Consortium trials of single-agent, cytotoxic or molecular agents from 2000 to 2008 were analyzed for baseline characteristics, toxicities, responses, and survival. Results Our analysis included 327 patients with advanced, refractory HGG who were enrolled onto eight trials involving targeted molecular (n = 5) and cytotoxic (n = 3) therapies. At enrollment, patients had a median Karnofsky performance score of 90 and median age of 52 years; 62% were men, 63% had glioblastoma, and the median number of prior systemic chemotherapies was one. Baseline laboratory values were in an acceptable range to meet eligibility criteria. Patients were on the study for a median of two cycles (range, < one to 56 cycles), and 96% were evaluable for primary end points. During cycle 1, grade ≥ 3 nonhematologic and grade ≥ 4 hematologic toxicities were 5% (28 of 565 adverse events) and 0.9% (five of 565 adverse events), respectively, and 66% of these occurred at the highest dose level. There was one death attributed to drug. Overall response rate (complete and partial response) was 5.5%. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 1.8 and 6 months, respectively. Conclusion Patients with HGG who meet standard eligibility criteria may be good candidates for solid tumor phase I studies with single-agent molecular or cytotoxic drugs with favorable preclinical rationale and pharmacokinetic properties in this population.
Modernism, African Literature, and the Cold War
Authors: Kalliney Peter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractModernist concepts, especially aesthetic autonomy, were fundamental to the literature of decolonization in anglophone Africa. An archival examination of Black Orpheus, Transition, the Transcription Centre, and the African Writers of English Expression conference at Makerere in 1962 shows that many African writers were drawn to modernist principles of intellectual freedom and writerly detachment. Figures such as Rajat Neogy, Christopher Okigbo, and Wole Soyinka, all strongly associated with these emerging cultural institutions, repurposed modernist versions of aesthetic autonomy to declare their freedom from colonial bondage, from systems of racial discrimination, and even from the new postcolonial state. In the geopolitical context of the Cold War, modernist ideals of aesthetic detachment also gave these writers a language of ideological neutrality. The literary histories of modernism and of anglophone African literature became intertwined through avowals of Cold War neutrality from the first generation of postcolonial writers.
Nomenclatural notes on the genus Pteranthus (Caryophyllaceae) with lectotypifications of the names Camphorosma pteranthus and Pteranthus trigynus, and comments on Forsskål's seeds sent from Egypt
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Friis Ib , Jarvis Charles E. , Freitag Helmut 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe nomenclatural history of the genus Pteranthus (Caryophyllaceae) is reviewed. Original material of Camphorosma pteranthus and Pteranthus dichotomus came from a single gathering made by Forsskål in the desert outside Cairo, Egypt, in March 1762. The original material of C. pteranthus was grown from seed collected with the herbarium material of P. dichotomus. Pteranthus dichotomus is therefore considered a replacement name for C. pteranthus and lectotypified with the same specimen, no. 165.5 LINN (right‐hand plant). A supporting epitype is chosen from flowering herbarium material of the same gathering held at C (as florets are required to distinguish between varieties). The name P. trigynus is lectotypified by a specimen preserved at MA and the varietal status of P. dichotomus var. trigynus is confirmed.
Identification and lectotypification of the Solanaceae from Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis
Authors: Knapp Sandra , Barboza Gloria E. , Romero María Victoria , Vignoli-Silva Marcia , Giacomin Leandro L. , Stehmann João Renato 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe review the 68 names of plants treated in genera treated or now recognised as Solanaceae from J.M. da C. Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis in the context of current floristic knowledge of the region around Rio de Janeiro in southern Brazil. Most of Vellozo's names are synonyms of names previously published or are illegitimate later homonyms, but several are accepted and in widespread use. Two names do not belong to solanaceaeous taxa, but to species in Apocynaceae and Violaceae respectively. We provide lectotypifications for all names, including those previously lectotypified using the published plates that do not qualify as original material. Type localities, previous lectotypifications and current accepted names are provided for all taxa.
Species delimitation in Orychophragmus (Brassicaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA barcodes
Authors: Hu Huan , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A. , Sun Yongshuai , Hao Guoqian , Wang Qian , Liu Jianquan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSpecies delimitation is fundamental to the basic understanding of biodiversity because of the central role that the concept of species plays in most branches of biology. However, few studies have been designed to test conflicting delineations of plant species under an integrated species concept using DNA barcodes in combination with other lines of evidence. Such an approach may deliver more objective, testable and uniform species units as subjects for a range of studies. Here we aim to examine competing hypotheses of species delimitation in Orychophragmus, a member of the mustard family, based on these methods and principles. Two to seven species have previously been recognized in this genus by different taxonomists. We sequenced five commonly used DNA barcodes (nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast matK, rbcL, trnH‐psbA, and trnL‐F) for 160 individuals collected across the major distribution ranges of all taxa currently recognized in the genus. Based on the monophyletic clusters produced by analysis of the combined nrITS and cpDNA sequence variations, we recovered nine independent evolutionary lineages that were further supported by diagnosable morphological traits, distinct inter‐cluster genetic gaps, reproductive isolation, and geographical distribution. These lineages may be treated as nine species. We also found substantial differences in the capacity of nrITS and cpDNA barcodes to discriminate between closely related species in two clades of the genus. Our empirical study of Orychophragmus highlights the importance of applying both chloroplast DNA and nrITS barcodes for species delimitation in plants.
Impact of Bayesian Learning and Externalities on Strategic Investment
Authors: Kwon H. Dharma , Xu Wenxin , Agrawal Anupam , Muthulingam Suresh 
Published: August 2015

We investigate the interplay between learning effects and externalities in the problem of competitive investments with uncertain returns. We examine a game theoretic duopoly investment model in which (i) a firm can learn about the profitability of the investment by observing the performance of the first mover and (ii) externalities exist between the investments of two firms. We find a region of a war of attrition between the two firms in which the interplay between externalities and learning gives rise to counterintuitive effects on investment strategies and payoffs. In particular, we find that, contrary to the conventional war of attrition where an increase in benefits for the follower generally delays the first move, an increase in the rate of learning—which tends to benefit the follower—can hasten the first investment. This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.