bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcome of patients undergoing replantation of hand at wrist level-7 year experience
Authors: Mahajan Ravi Kumar , Mittal Seema 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: Replantation is defined as reattachment of amputated limb using neurovascular and musculoskeletal structures in order to obtain recovery of limb. Re-vascularisation involves all the above steps in case of limb injuries that result in a near total amputation. Aim and Objective: To study the functional outcome of patients undergoing replantation of hand at wrist level. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent replantation of total amputation of hand at wrist level within a period of Jan 2003-June 2010. We evaluated post operative functional outcome compared to uninjured hand taking into consideration: 1. The patient′s overall satisfaction with the hand. 2. Recovery of flexor and extensor function of thumb and fingers. 3. Recovery of thumb opposition. 4. Recovery of sensations in the median and ulnar nerve distribution. 5. Ability of surviving hand to perform daily tasks. Results: There were total seventeen patients and age range was two years to 55 years. Out of 17 patients,16 were males. All the replantations were successful except for one. Summary: The results showed that, although the replanted hands were never functionally as good as the contralateral hand the patients were able to perform most of the daily activities.
Infrared venography of the hand in Apert syndrome
Authors: Nishimoto Soh , Fukuda Kenji , Fujiwara Toshihiro , Kinoshita Masato , Kawai Kenichiro , Kakibuchi Masao 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAs well as craniofacial synostosis, complex syndactyly of hands is a distinctive feature of Apert syndrome. Consideration of blood flow to the digits is very important in separation surgery. Several reports offer information about arterial distribution in Apert′s hands. Though, venous pattern has not been well discussed. Infrared venography offers a real-time image with minimal invasion. An Apert syndrome patient underwent a series of finger splitting surgeries. Infrared venography was carried out to assess veins. There was a palmar venous arch, placing distally to the metacarpophalangeal joint. The arch had to be cut to divide fused fingers sufficiently. As well as arterial abnormality, venous uniqueness should be noted in Apert syndactyly surgeries. Infrared venography, which can be carried out easily, offers good information that surgeon require.
Continuous And Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring Reduces Red Blood Cell Transfusion During Neurosurgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Awada Wael 
Published: November 2013

Context: Continuous, noninvasive hemoglobin (SpHb) monitoring provides clinicians with real-time trending of changes or lack of changes in hemoglobin, which has the potential to alter red blood cell transfusion decision making. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of SpHb monitoring on blood transfusions in high blood loss surgery. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary academic hospital in Cairo, Egypt from February to August, 2012 Patients: Convenience sample of adult neurosurgical patients were enrolled (n=111) with 106 completing the study. Exclusion criteria included significant liver or renal disease, coagulopathy, pregnancy, anemia, and patients scheduled for procedures with excepted low blood loss. Interventions: Patients were enrolled into either a Control Group or a SpHb Group. The Control Group received standard anesthesia care including intraoperative blood sampling when estimated blood loss was ≥15% of total blood volume and transfusion when hemoglobin was ≤10 g/dL. In the SpHb Group, the anesthesiologist was guided by the addition of SpHb monitoring. Main Outcome Measures: The effect of SpHb on transfusion practice and absolute and trend accuracy of SpHb compared to laboratory hemoglobin were evaluated. Potential cost savings from reduced red blood cell utilization were estimated. Results: Compared to the Control Group, the SpHb Group had fewer of units of blood transfused (1.0 vs 1.9 units for all patients; p≤0.001, and 2.3 vs 3.9 units in patients receiving transfusions; p≤0.01), fewer patients receiving >3 units (32 vs 73%; p≤0.01) and a shorter time to transfusion after the need was established (9.2±1.7 vs 50.2±7.9 min; p≤0.001). The absolute accuracy of SpHb was 0.0±0.8 g/dL and trend accuracy yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.93. SpHb monitoring could save $470,000 to $1,065,000 per 1,000 surgeries performed. Conclusions: SpHb monitoring resulted in decreased blood utilization and decreased transfusion costs in high blood loss neurosurgery, while facilitating earlier transfusions.
Impact of template removal on Web search DOI 10.5752/P.2316-9451.2012v1n1p28
Authors: Wagner Kaio , Moura Edleno Silva de , Fernandes David , Cristo Marco , Silva Altigran Soares da 
Published: November 2013

Previous work in literature has indicated that template of web pages represent noisy information in web collections, and advocate that the simple removal of template result in improvements in quality of results provided by Web search systems. In this paper, we study the impact of template removal in two distinct scenarios: large scale web search collections, which consist of several distinct websites, and intrasite web collections, involving searches inside of web sites. Our work is the first in literature to study the impact of template removal to search systems in large scale Web collections. The study was carried out using an automatic template detection method previously proposed by us. As contributions, we present statistics about the application of this automatic template detection method to the well known GOV2 reference collection, a large scale Web collection. We also present experiments comparing the amount of template detected by our automatic method to the ones obtained when humans select templates. And finally, experiments which indicate that, in both experimented scenarios, template removal does not improve the quality of results provided by search systems, but can play the role of an effective loss compression method by reducing the size of their indexes.
Community Development and Collaboration at Salinas de Los Nueve Cerros, Guatemala
Authors: Skoy Woodfill Brent Kerry 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSince its founding in 2009 at the behest of local leaders, Proyecto Salinas de los Nueve Cerros has had the dual goals of scientific research and community development. Due to the regional political landscape, the initial goal of community-run ecotourism had to be abandoned. In its stead, the project has been seeking high-impact, low-cost development initiatives in collaboration with local villagers. The initiatives have had mixed levels of success, with best results in providing resources for multi-family wells and in organizing an ongoing lecture and workshop series detailing the results of the archaeological project. Through trial and error, project members have learned multiple lessons that can help other similar projects in the future. (1) Community investment in the project is essential, (2) as is the presence of a development specialist who can lead the efforts, leaving archaeologists to do archaeology. (3) Both the project and the local residents must have realistic expectations regarding the time the initiatives take and how ambitious they can be. (4) All of the initiatives must be informed by problems the locals themselves identify, and (5) it is possible to positively impact the region.
Cultural Resources Priority Area Planning in Sub-Mogollon Arizona and New Mexico
Authors: Laurenzi Andy , Peeples Matthew A. , Doelle William H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRegional planning is an essential element of comprehensive archaeological management programs. Most regional planning efforts in archaeology focus on predictive modeling to distinguish areas based on the likelihood of encountering archaeological resources. We discuss a complementary approach that uses known sites and expert opinion to identify spatially explicit cultural resource preservation priorities. Loosely analogous to biodiversity conservation planning, priority cultural resource assessments provide an evolving vision of an archaeological reserve network which, if managed appropriately, could protect a significant part of our cultural heritage. We outline an efficient approach to identifying spatially explicit Priority Areas within portions of Arizona and New Mexico. This information complements assessments of individual site eligibility for purposes of listing on the National Register of Historic Places by providing an added layer of regionally contextualized information at larger geographic scales. By establishing priorities, this information can also enhance cultural resource considerations in local, state, and federal land use planning. While our consideration of significance is based on the potential information content of the resource, we argue that this planning process can easily incorporate other cultural resource values and help to address preservation actions in support of this broader set of values.
The Probability of Guilt in Criminal Cases: Are People Aware of Being ‘Beyond Reasonable Doubt’?
Authors: Magnussen Svein , Eilertsen Dag Erik , Teigen Karl Halvor , Wessel Ellen 
Published: November 2013

SummaryData from a series of studies presenting video recorded witness statements to laypersons and legal professionals were examined to trace the relationship between judged probability of guilt and the willingness to vote guilty or not guilty in hypothetical trials, in the absence of specific jury instructions. The results show that a majority of jury‐eligible young and elderly participants, and police officers, were willing to convict a defendant when the judged probability of guilt exceeded .6. This is considerably below the legally accepted standard of ‘beyond reasonable doubt’, which usually is equated with a very high, around .9 perceived certainty. When jury deliberations were allowed, the threshold for conviction rose, approaching the standard evinced by trial judges under the same conditions. The results suggest that people prefer to vote for guilt according to a balance of probabilities principle, considering only the individual case, and disregarding the implied frequencies of false convictions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diet and mobility in a late neolithic population of coastal oman inferred from radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Zazzo Antoine , Munoz Olivia , Saliège Jean‐François 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn Oman, the presence of highly productive marine environments, coupled with relatively limited land resources, have led to intense exploitation of coastal resources, but the question of the seasonality of occupation of coastal sites remains open. Our aim is to evaluate the contribution of marine resources to the diet of the Neolithic population of Ra's al‐Hamra 5 (RH‐5) to shed new light on its mobility, using stable isotopes and radiocarbon (14C) dating as dietary tracers. Charcoal, shell, human bone and enamel apatite from eight contemporary graves were sampled. Graves are thought to provide the best chance to obtain marine and terrestrial remains that were contemporary with the human remains in order to calculate the marine reservoir effect (MRE) for this period. Inter‐individual variation in human bone apatite δ13C value is small, suggesting a homogenous diet. Bone apatite 14C ages are very close to the shell ages while enamel is significantly younger and plots near the charcoal ages. Older enamel ages were obtained when a stronger acetic treatment was used, demonstrating that the young ages are due to diagenetic alteration rather than a diachronic change in diet and that only bone apatite retained in vivo dietary signals. Bone ages indicate a heavy reliance on marine resources and it is therefore unlikely that the individuals analyzed here were leaving the coast seasonally, although mobility along the coast cannot be excluded. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:353–364, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skeletal growth in early and late Neolithic foragers from the Cis‐Baikal region of Eastern Siberia
Authors: Temple Daniel H. , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I. , Goriunova Olga I. , Weber Andrzej W. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTSkeletal growth is explored between Early Neolithic (EN) (8000 to 6800 BP) and Late Neolithic (LN) (6000 to 5200 BP) foragers from the Cis‐Baikal region of Eastern Siberia. Previous studies suggest that increased systemic stress and smaller adult body size characterize the EN compared to LN. On this basis, greater evidence for stunting and wasting is expected in the EN compared to LN. Skeletal growth parameters assessed here include femoral and tibial lengths, estimated stature and body mass, femoral midshaft cortical thickness, total bone thickness, and medullary width. Forward selection was used to fit polynomial lines to each skeletal growth parameter relative to dental age in the pooled samples, and standardized residuals were compared between groups using t tests. Standardized residuals of body mass and femoral length were significantly lower in the EN compared to LN sample, particularly from late infancy through early adolescence. However, no significant differences in the standardized residuals for cortical thickness, medullary width, total bone thickness, tibial length, or stature were found between the groups. Age ranges for stunting in femoral length and wasting in body mass are consistent with environmental perturbations experienced at the cessation of breast feeding and general resource insecurity in the EN compared to LN sample. Differences in relative femoral but not tibial length may be associated with age‐specific variation in growth‐acceleration for the distal and proximal limb segments. Similarity in cortical bone growth between the two samples may reflect the combined influences of systemic and mechanical factors on this parameter. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:377–386, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental stress increases variability in the expression of dental cusps
Authors: Riga Alessandro , Belcastro Maria Giovanna , Moggi‐Cecchi Jacopo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTeeth are an important model for developmental studies but, despite an extensive literature on the genetics of dental development, little is known about the environmental influences on dental morphology. Here we test whether and to what extent the environment plays a role in producing morphological variation in human teeth. We selected a sample of modern human skulls and used dental enamel hypoplasia as an environmental stress marker to identify two groups with different stress levels, referred to as SG (“stressed” group) and NSG (“nonstressed” group). We collected data on the occurrence and the relative development of 15 morphological traits on upper molars using a standard methodology (ASU‐DAS system) and then we compared the frequencies of the traits in the two groups. Overall, the results suggest that (a) stressors like malnutrition and/or systemic diseases have a significant effect on upper molar morphology; (b) stress generates a developmental response which increases the morphological variability of the SG; and (c) the increase in variability is directional, since individuals belonging to the SG have more developed and extra cusps. These results are consistent with the expectations of the current model of dental development. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:397–407, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of bioactive glycosylated glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor‐loaded microspheres for medical applications
Authors: Thumsing Saowapa , Israsena Nipan , Boonkrai Chatikorn , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPoly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐coated gelatin microspheres containing glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were developed by thermal gelation through a water‐in‐oil emulsion technique. Gelatin types (A and B) at four different pH levels were investigated for their influences on the morphology, the microsphere size, the zeta potential, and the swelling ability. The encapsulation of GDNF and the release characteristics of GDNF were also determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The maximum cumulative released amounts of GDNF from the microspheres were increased from 50 to 90% after 4 d (based on the actual amount of the GDNF). Thus, the release of the GDNF contents in the microspheres depends on the amount of GDNF. Trigeminal ganglion cells (TGCs) were used to study the bioactivity of GDNF released from the microspheres, which was proven to retain its bioactivity in promoting the TGCs' neurite outgrowth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40167.
Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of factor VIII and its phosphatidylinositol lipidic complex in hemophilia A mice
Authors: Kosloski Matthew P. , Pisal Dipak S. , Mager Donald E. , Balu‐Iyer Sathy V. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFactor VIII (FVIII) is an important cofactor in the blood coagulation cascade and its deficiency or dysfunction causes hemophilia A (HA), a bleeding disorder. Replacement with recombinant FVIII is limited by a short half‐life and the development of inhibitory antibodies. A phosphatidylinositol (PI) containing lipid nanoparticle was developed that, when associated with FVIII, reduces immunogenicity and prolongs circulation of the therapeutic protein in HA mice. A multiple dose level pharmacokinetic (PK) study of human free FVIII and its FVIII–PI complex over a clinically relevant range of doses (20, 40 and 200 IU/kg) was conducted in HA mice to investigate linearity of the PK and to determine if the reduced catabolism of FVIII following association with PI particles, previously only observed in the terminal phase following 400 IU/kg, could be extendable over a range of doses. The findings suggest that the disposition of FVIII is best characterized by a two‐compartment model with saturable Michaelis‐Menten elimination. Spontaneous complexation of FVIII with PI particles significantly increases plasma survival of the protein at 20 and 40 IU/kg doses. Human simulations at 40 IU/kg project an increase in the terminal half‐life and the time to reach a minimum therapeutic threshold of 0.01 IU/ml of 5.4 h and 40 h, respectively, compared with free FVIII. Formulation with PI containing lipid particles may represent a viable delivery strategy for improving FVIII therapy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of amlodipine using terbium‐sensitized luminescence in the presence of europium(III) as a co‐luminescence reagent
Authors: Al‐Kindy Salma M. Z. , Al‐Snedi Abdalla , Suliman Fakhr Eldin O. , Al‐Lawati Haidar A. J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA sensitive time‐resolved luminescence method for the determination of amlodipine (AM) in methanol and in aqueous solution is described. The method is based on the luminescence sensitization of terbium (Tb3+) by formation of a ternary complex with AM in the presence of tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as co‐ligand, dodecylbenzenesulfate as surfactant and europium ion as a co‐luminescence reagent. The signal for Tb–AM–TOPO is monitored at λex = 242 nm and λem = 550 nm. Optimum conditions for the formation of the complex in aqueous system were 0.015 m Tris (hydroxylmethyl) amino methane buffer, pH 9.0, TOPO (1.0 × 10–4 m), Eu3+ (2.0 × 10–7 m), dodecylbenzenesulfate (0.14%) and 6.0 × 10–5 m of Tb3+, which allows the determination of 10–50 ppb of AM with a limit of detection of 1.2 ppb. The relative standard deviations of the method range between 0.1 and 0.2% indicated excellent reproducibility of the method. The proposed method was successfully applied for the assay of AM in pharmaceutical formulations and in plasma samples. Average recoveries of 98.5 ± 0.2% and 95.2 ± 0.2% were obtained for AM in tablet and plasma samples respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proposal for teaching undergraduate chemistry students carbohydrate biochemistry by problem‐based learning activities
Authors: Figueira Angela C. M. , Rocha Joao B. T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article presents a problem‐based learning (PBL) approach to teaching elementary biochemistry to undergraduate students. The activity was based on “the foods we eat.” It was used to engage students' curiosity and to initiate learning about a subject that could be used by the future teachers in the high school. The experimental activities (8–12 hours) were related to the questions: (i) what does the Benedict's Reagent detect? and (ii) What is determined by glucose oxidase (GOD)? We also ask the students to compare the results with those obtained with the Lugol reagent, which detects starch. Usually, students inferred that the Benedict reagent detects reducing sugars, while GOD could be used to detect glucose. However, in GOD assay, an open question was left, because the results could be due to contamination of the sugars (particularly galactose) with glucose. Though not stressed, GOD does not oxidize the carbohydrates tested and all the positive results are due to contamination. The activities presented here can be easily done in the high school, because they are simple and non‐expensive. Furthermore, in the case of Benedict reaction, it is possible to follow the reduction of Cu (II) “macroscopically” by following the formation of the brick‐orange precipitate. The concrete observation of a chemical reaction can motivate and facilitate students understanding about chemistry of life. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(1):81–87, 2014
Intertwined ambiguities: Meat,in vitromeat, and the ideological construction of the marketplace
Authors: Chiles Robert M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPolitical stakeholders play a critical role in the cultural construction of the marketplace, and consumers often look to them for guidance in framing ambiguous cultural and scientific issues. Unfortunately, however, the existing consumer culture literature usually focuses on consumers' use of ideology while neglecting stakeholders' ideological orientations. In order to address this gap, I ask two questions: First, how do stakeholders draw upon ideology in order to make sense of ambiguous goods and of the extant and potential reactions of consumers to these goods? Second, what are the potential political consequences of stakeholders' ideological commitments vis‐a‐vis supporters and outside audiences? I explore these questions by interviewing agrifood system stakeholders on the subject ofin vitromeat, a nascent technology whereby meat is produced through stem cell cultures. Although ideology serves as a useful tool with which stakeholders can navigate labyrinth‐like cultural conundrums, stakeholders' ideological positions can also result in ambiguities, ironies, and incongruities. By investigating the beginnings of a potential consumer controversy, this study illuminates how ideology operates as an epistemic resource for political claims‐makers and how stakeholders' ideological commitments can result in either rewards or repercussions from allies and consumers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.