bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Cannabis Use Disorder With Hospitalizations for Pulmonary Embolism and Subsequent in‐Hospital Mortality in Young Adults: A Contemporary Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Desai Rupak , Ghadge Nitin , Kanagala Sai Gautham , Katukuri Nishanth , James Alpha , Kadiyala Avinash , Vutukuru Sai Diksha , Kotharu Meghana , Borzoo Tajdin , Nalla Akhila , Vyas Ankit , Priyadarshni Shivani , Shalaby Mostafa , Khalife Wissam 
Published: June 2024

Background
With the increase in popularity of cannabis and its use and the lack of large‐scale data on cannabis use and venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (PE), we used a nationally representative cohort of young adults (aged 18–44 years) to compare the odds of admissions and in‐hospital mortality of PE with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD).

Methods and Results

Identified patients with PE using the National Inpatient Sample (2018) were compared for baseline, comorbidities, and outcomes. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for covariates, was used to compare the odds of PE in young patients with CUD (CUD+) versus those without (CUD−) and those with prior venous thromboembolism. Propensity score–matched analysis (1:6) was also performed to assess in‐hospital outcomes. A total of 61 965 (0.7%) of 8 438 858 young adult admissions in 2018 were PE related, of which 1705 (0.6%) had CUD+. On both unadjusted (odds ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.71–0.90];
P
<0.001) and adjusted regression analyses, the CUD+ cohort had a lower risk of PE admission. The CUD+ cohort had fewer routine discharges (58.3% versus 68.3%) and higher transfers to short‐term (7.9% versus 4.8%) and nursing/intermediate care (12.6% versus 9.5%) (
P
<0.001). The PE‐CUD+ cohort of in‐hospital mortality did not differ from the CUD− cohort. Propensity score–matched (1:6) analysis revealed comparable mortality odds with higher median hospital stay and cost in the CUD+ cohort.

Conclusions
Young adults with CUD demonstrated lower odds of PE hospitalizations without any association with subsequent in‐hospital mortality. The median hospital stay of the CUD+ cohort was longer, they were often transferred to other facilities, and they had a higher cost.
P53 Activation Promotes Maturational Characteristics of Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes in 3‐Dimensional Suspension Culture Via FOXO‐FOXM1 Regulation
Authors: Velayutham Nivedhitha , Garbern Jessica C. , Elwell Hannah L. T. , Zhuo Zhu , Rüland Laura , Elcure Alvarez Farid , Frontini Sara , Rodriguez Carreras Yago , Eichholtz Marie , Ricci‐Blair Elisabeth , Shaw Jeanna Y. , Bouffard Aldric H. , Sokol Morgan , Mancheño Juncosa Estela , Rhoades Seth , van den Berg Daphne , Kreymerman Alexander , Aoyama Junya , Höfflin Jens , Ryan Herb , Ho Sui Shannan , Lee Richard T. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Current protocols generate highly pure human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) in vitro that recapitulate characteristics of mature in vivo cardiomyocytes. Yet, a risk of arrhythmias exists when hiPSC‐CMs are injected into large animal models. Thus, understanding hiPSC‐CM maturational mechanisms is crucial for clinical translation. Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors regulate postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation through a balance between FOXO and FOXM1. We also previously demonstrated that p53 activation enhances hiPSC‐CM maturation. Here, we investigate whether p53 activation modulates the FOXO/FOXM1 balance to promote hiPSC‐CM maturation in 3‐dimensional suspension culture.

Methods and Results
Three‐dimensional cultures of hiPSC‐CMs were treated with Nutlin‐3a (p53 activator, 10 μM), LOM612 (FOXO relocator, 5 μM), AS1842856 (FOXO inhibitor, 1 μM), or RCM‐1 (FOXM1 inhibitor, 1 μM), starting 2 days after onset of beating, with dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2% vehicle) as control. P53 activation promoted hiPSC‐CM metabolic and electrophysiological maturation alongside FOXO upregulation and FOXM1 downregulation, in n=3 to 6 per group for all assays. FOXO inhibition significantly decreased expression of cardiac‐specific markers such as TNNT2. In contrast, FOXO activation or FOXM1 inhibition promoted maturational characteristics such as increased contractility, oxygen consumption, and voltage peak maximum upstroke velocity, in n=3 to 6 per group for all assays. Further, by single‐cell RNA sequencing of n=2 LOM612‐treated cells compared with dimethyl sulfoxide, LOM612‐mediated FOXO activation promoted expression of cardiac maturational pathways.

Conclusions
We show that p53 activation promotes FOXO and suppresses FOXM1 during 3‐dimensional hiPSC‐CM maturation. These results expand our understanding of hiPSC‐CM maturational mechanisms in a clinically‐relevant 3‐dimensional culture system.
Small‐Vessel Disease and Intracranial Large Artery Disease in Brain MRI Predict Dementia and Acute Coronary Syndrome, Respectively: A Prospective, Observational Study in the Population at High Vascular Risk
Authors: Kitagawa Kazuo , Toi Sono , Hosoya Megumi , Yoshizawa Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

Background
We aimed to clarify the predictive value of cerebral small‐vessel disease and intracranial large artery disease (LAD) observed in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and magnetic resonance angiography on future vascular events and cognitive impairment.

Methods and Results
Data were derived from a Japanese cohort with evidence of cerebral vessel disease on magnetic resonance imaging. This study included 862 participants who underwent magnetic resonance angiography after excluding patients with a modified Rankin Scale score >1 and Mini‐Mental State Examination score <24. We evaluated small‐vessel disease such as white matter hyperintensities and lacunes in magnetic resonance imaging and LAD with magnetic resonance angiography. Outcomes were incident stroke, dementia, acute coronary syndrome, and all‐cause death. Over a median follow‐up period of 4.5 years, 54 incident stroke, 39 cases of dementia, and 27 cases of acute coronary syndrome were documented. Both small‐vessel disease (white matter hyperintensities and lacunes) and LAD were associated with stroke; however, only white matter hyperintensities were related to dementia. In contrast, only LAD was associated with acute coronary syndrome. Among the 357 patients with no prior history of stroke, coronary or peripheral artery disease, or atrial fibrillation, white matter hyperintensities emerged as the sole predictor of future stroke and dementia, while LAD was the sole predictor of acute coronary syndrome.

Conclusions
Among cerebral vessels, small‐vessel disease could underlie the cognitive impairment while LAD was associated with coronary artery disease as atherosclerotic vessel disease.
Urinary Equol and Equol‐Predicting Microbial Species Are Favorably Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Chinese Adults
Authors: Liang Shaoxian , Zhang Honghua , Mo Yufeng , Li Yamin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cao Hongjuan , Xie Shaoyu , Wang Danni , Lv Yaning , Wu Yaqin , Zhang Zhuang , Yang Wanshui 
Published: June 2024

Background
The association between soy isoflavones intake and cardiometabolic health remains inconclusive. We investigated the associations of urinary biomarkers of isoflavones including daidzein, glycitein, genistein, equol (a gut microbial metabolite of daidzein), and equol‐predicting microbial species with cardiometabolic risk markers.

Methods and Results

In a 1‐year study of 305 Chinese community‐dwelling adults aged ≥18 years, urinary isoflavones, fecal microbiota, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipids, and anthropometric data were measured twice, 1 year apart. Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity was also measured after 1 year. A linear mixed‐effects model was used to analyze repeated measurements. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% CI for the associations for arterial stiffness. Each 1 μg/g creatinine increase in urinary equol concentrations was associated with 1.47%, 0.96%, and 3.32% decrease in triglycerides, plasma atherogenic index, and metabolic syndrome score, respectively (all
P
<0.05), and 0.61% increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
P
=0.025). Urinary equol was also associated with lower risk of arterial stiffness (aOR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.09–0.90];
P
trend
=0.036). We identified 21 bacterial genera whose relative abundance was positively associated with urinary equol (false discovery rate‐corrected
P
<0.05) and constructed a microbial species score to reflect the overall equol‐predicting capacity. This score (per 1‐point increase) was inversely associated with triglycerides (percentage difference=−1.48%), plasma atherogenic index (percentage difference=−0.85%), and the risk of arterial stiffness (aOR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.08–0.88]; all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that urinary equol and equol‐predicting microbial species may improve cardiometabolic risk parameters in Chinese adults.
Exercise Hemodynamics and Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity in Disease Stages of Wild‐Type Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ladefoged Bertil , Pedersen Anders Dahl , Seefeldt Jacob , Nielsen Bent Roni Ranghøj , Eiskjær Hans , Lichscheidt Emil , Clemmensen Tor , Gillmore Julian David , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt 
Published: June 2024

Background
Wild‐type transthyretin amyloid (ATTRwt) cardiomyopathy is increasingly recognized in the development of heart failure. The link between cardiac performance, hemodynamics, and mitochondrial function in disease stages of ATTRwt has not previously been studied but may provide new insights into the pathophysiology and clinical performance of the patients.

Methods and Results

The study investigated 47 patients diagnosed with ATTRwt at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Patients were stratified according to the disease stages of the National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) as NAC I with low levels of NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) (NAC I‐L, n=14), NAC I with high levels NT‐proBNP (NAC I‐H, n=20), and NAC II‐III (n=13). Exercise testing with simultaneous right heart catheterization was performed in all patients. Endomyocardial biopsies were collected from the patients and the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity was assessed. All NAC disease groups, even in the NAC I‐L group, a significant abnormal increase in biventricular filling pressures were noted during exercise while the filling pressures was normal or near normal at rest. The inotropic response to exercise was reduced with diminished increase in cardiac output which was significantly more pronounced in the NAC I‐H (Diff. ‐2.4, 95% CI (−4.2: −0.7),
P
=0.00) and the NAC II‐III group (Diff: −3.1 L/min, 95% CI (−5.2: −1.1),
P
=0.00) compared with the NAC I‐L group. The pulmonary artery wedge pressure to cardiac output ratio at peak exercise was significantly different between NAC I‐L and NAC II‐III (Diff: 1.6 mm Hg*min/L, 95% CI (0.01:3.3,
P
=0.04)). Patients with ATTRwt had a reduced oxidative phosphorylation capacity which correlated to left ventricular mass but not to cardiac output capacity.

Conclusions
An abnormal restrictive left ventricle and right ventricle response to exercise was demonstrated, even present in patients with early‐stage ATTRwt. In more advanced disease stages a progressive impairment of the pressure‐flow relationship was noted. The myocyte energetics is deranged but not associated to the contractile reserve or restrictive filling characteristics in ATTRwt.
Remote Forcing for a Circulation Pattern Favorable to Surface Melt over the Ross Ice Shelf
Authors: Fang Yingfei , Yang Song , Hu Xiaoming , Lin Shuheng , Screen James A. , Chen Shangfeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) experiences surface melt events in summer, which could accelerate ice loss and destabilize the ice sheet in a warming world. This study links the interannual variability of RIS surface melt to the northerly wind anomaly over the Ross Sea sector, which is established in association with the quasigeostrophic barotropic Rossby wave trains from the tropical Pacific and subtropical Australia toward West Antarctica. Atmospheric general circulation model experiments suggest that these Rossby wave trains are regulated by El Niño–related sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical central–eastern Pacific and atmospheric heating anomalies over western Australia. El Niño provides an important forcing of the atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Ross Sea via inducing a Rossby wave train, and most surface melt events over the RIS happen during El Niño years. In addition, the anomalous atmospheric heating over western Australia, which is independent of El Niño, is another important forcing that triggers a Rossby wave train extending from subtropical Australia to the Ross Sea. The northerly flow toward the Ross Sea induces strong poleward moisture and heat transport, which further contributes to surface melt over the RIS.

Significance Statement
During austral summer, surface melt occurs over the Ross Ice Shelf, accelerates ice loss, and poses ice-sheet destabilization risks in a warming world. The northerly wind anomaly over the Ross sector provides strong poleward heat and moisture transport and is favorable for the surface melt. This wind anomaly is influenced by two remote forcings, El Niño and heating anomaly over western Australia, through generating Rossby wave trains from the tropics and subtropical Australia. This study reveals a previously unexplored relationship that atmospheric heating over western Australia influences large-scale circulation, contributing to surface melt.
Circular Asymmetry of Ocean Mesoscale Eddy
Authors: Lin Yanjiang , Wang Guihua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the global ocean, mesoscale eddies frequently deviate from a circular shape [circular asymmetry (CA)]. On average, anticyclonic eddies display slightly larger asymmetry than that of cyclonic eddies. Both types of eddies exhibit larger asymmetry during the periods of generation and extinction and smaller asymmetry during the intermediate periods. CA’s spatial distribution is dominantly controlled by the eddy’s rotational speed, radius, meridional displacement, and the background oceanic circulation. A decrease in rotational speed, an increase in radius, moving poleward (toward the equator), and/or moving into regions with smaller (larger) mean dynamic topography can enhance the asymmetry of anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. A weak advective nonlinearity of the eddy, represented by the ratio of the eddy’s rotational speed to its translation speed, also helps to enhance the asymmetry. Eddy with an asymmetric structure may be important for marine mixing processes.

Significance Statement
Mesoscale eddies are often assumed to be circular and symmetric. However, global observations reveal that eddies frequently diverge from a circular shape, displaying circular asymmetry (CA). The asymmetric structure of eddy is poorly investigated in the global ocean, especially in regions close to the strong oceanic currents. This study reported the evolution of eddy’s asymmetric structure and its spatial distribution. Statistical results show that CA is dominantly controlled by the eddy’s rotational speed, radius, meridional displacement, and the background oceanic circulation. This study provides a new perspective on the evolution of eddy’s structure and may be important in oceanic mixing.
The effect of expiratory flow limitation on supine persistent hyperinflation in COPD: a prospective observational study
Authors: Srinivasan Meera , Pollard Hannah , Chapman David G. , Tonga Katrina , Patel Kieran , Blokland Kaj , Touma David , Thamrin Cindy , Cross Troy , Prisk Kim , King Gregory G. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionCOPD is characterised by airflow obstruction, expiratory airway collapse and closure causing expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and hyperinflation. Supine posture may worsen ventilatory function in COPD, which may cause hyperinflation to persist and contribute to symptoms of orthopnoea and sleep disturbance. Our aim was to determine the impact of supine posture on hyperinflation, dynamic elastance and EFL in COPD and healthy subjects. We hypothesised that changes in hyperinflation in supine posture are influenced by EFL and gas trapping in COPD.MethodsClinically stable COPD patients (compatible symptoms, smoking >10 pack-years, obstructed spirometry) and healthy controls underwent oscillometry in the seated and supine positions. Hyperinflation was measured by inspiratory capacity (IC) and the ratio of IC to total lung capacity (IC/TLC) while seated and supine EFL was measured as the difference in mean inspiratory and mean expiratory oscillatory reactance at 5 Hz (Xrs5). Relationships between IC, IC/TLC andXrs5, were examined by Spearman correlation.Results42 COPD patients demonstrated no change in IC/TLC from seated (0.31 L) to supine (0.32 L) position (p=0.079) compared to significant increases seen in 14 control subjects (0.37 L seatedversus0.44 L supine; p<0.001). In COPD, worse dynamic elastance (Xrs5rs0.499; p=0.001) and EFL (ΔXrs5rs−0.413; p=0.007), along with increased age and lower body-mass-index were predictors of supine hyperinflation.ConclusionSupine persistent hyperinflation occurs in COPD and is associated with increased dynamic elastance and EFL, likely the result of increased airway closure due to gravitational redistribution of lung mass.
How to distinguish PPI-refractory from PPI-responsive patients in gastro-oesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough: post-reflux swallow induced peristaltic wave index and mean nocturnal baseline impedance provide new predictive factors
Authors: Li Wanzhen , Sha Bingxian , Bai Haodong , Zhang Tongyangzi , Wang Shengyuan , Ambedkar Kumar Yadav , Zhu Yiqing , Yu Li , Xu Xianghuai 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe results of empirical trials with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for management of gastro-oesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) have resulted in considerable controversy, and the mechanism of PPI refractoriness remains unclear. Our study aims to identify the predictors of PPI refractoriness of GERC in a retrospective clinical study.MethodsIn total, 128 GERC patients were enrolled between March 2018 and October 2022. Regression analysis was utilised to create a model for predicting PPI-refractory of GERC using retrospective analysis of the general data and MII-pH indicators.ResultsThe post-reflux swallow induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWI) was lower in the PPI-refractory group than the PPI-responsive group (33.89±7.38versus39.45±9.47, respectively, p<0.001), as were the mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) and proximal MNBI (2092.11 (IQR: 652.23)]versus2426.52 (IQR: 917.39) Ω, respectively, p=0.012; 1599.50 (IQR: 1206.63)versus2274.50 (IQR: 1775.29) Ω, respectively, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the PSPWI (odds ratio 0.919, p=0.001) as an independent predictor of PPI-refractory GERC.ConclusionsThe diagnostic value of both proximal MNBI ≤39.90% and MNBI ≤2233.58 Ω had moderate sensitivity (71.67%) and specificity (75.00%) to identify PPI-refractory GERC.
Assessing automated air-taxis for urban mobility
Authors: Hu Bin , Brandstätter Georg , Müller Johannes , Stern Patrick , Schaffenberger Alexander , Fallast Arno , Lesak Samuel , Meinhard Dieter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the feasibility and potential implications of automated air-taxis as a new mode of urban transport. By applying flight simulation and operations research, we investigate different questions regarding travel time, travel costs, and transport sustainability. As practical application, we consider the transportation service between the city and the airport, as well as on-demand air-taxi services within the city of Vienna. We compare the air-taxis with gasoline taxis and e-taxis, as they serve analogous transportation needs and cater to a similar clientele. In our effort to assess the feasibility of air-taxis, we aim to answer crucial questions that will influence the future of urban transportation. Our study examines how efficient air-taxis are in reducing travel time and explores their cost dynamics, addressing the affordability for passengers and their value of travel time savings. Additionally, we investigate their environmental impact by looking into energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Through a rigorous analysis of empirical data and simulation outcomes, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective that informs policy decisions and guides the evolution of urban transportation networks in the years to come.
Does female control and male mating system predict courtship investment and mating outcomes? A comparative study in five widow spider species (genus Latrodectus) tested under similar laboratory conditions
Authors: Baruffaldi Luciana , Andrade Maydianne C. B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Male courtship investment may evolve in response to the male’s expectation of future mating opportunities or the degree of female control during mating interactions. We used a comparative approach to test this hypotheses by assessing the courtship and mating behaviors of five widow spider species (genus Latrodectus) under common laboratory conditions. We predicted male investment in courtship would be higher in species where males mate only once because of high cannibalism rates (monogyny, L. geometricus, L. hasselti, L. mirabilis), compared to species with rare cannibalism (L. mactans, L. hesperus) in which males should reserve energy for future mating opportunities. Increased male investment, measured as courtship duration, might also evolve with increased female control over mating outcomes if females prefer longer courtships. We tested this by assessing the frequency of copulations, timing of sexual cannibalism, and the degree of female-biased size dimorphism, which is expected to be negatively correlated with the energetic cost of rebuffing male mating attempts.

Results
Copulation frequency was consistently lower in species with extreme female-skewed size dimorphism, and where sexual cannibalism was more prevalent, suggesting the importance of female control for mating outcomes. We confirmed significant interspecific variation in average courtship duration, but contrary to predictions, it was not predicted by male mating system, and there was no consistent link between courtship duration and sexual size dimorphism.

Conclusion
We show that the degree of sexual dimorphism is not only correlated with sexual cannibalism, but also with mating success since restriction of male copulation frequency by female Latrodectus affects paternity. However, predictions about male mating system or female control affecting courtship duration were not supported. We propose that the form of female control over mating and cannibalism, and male responses, might be more informative for understanding the evolution of courtship duration. For example, male tactics to avoid female aggression may drive lower courtship duration in species like L. mirabilis. Nonetheless, our results differ from inferences based on published studies of each species in isolation, illuminating the need for standardized data collection for behavioural comparative studies.