bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of High Salt Intake and Meclofenamate on Arterial Pressure and Renal Function in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Chrysant S. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. The effects of prolonged high sodium intake (duration 3 months) and meclofenamate were studied in two groups of male spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats.
2. Group 1 (eight rats) received 1% NaCl in water and served as controls, and group 2 received 1% NaCl in water plus meclofenamate (3·5–4·0 mg daily).
3. Group 2 rats developed higher arterial pressure, renal vascular resistance and left ventricular weight and greater renal histological changes, with lower effective renal plasma flow, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, than group 1. No differences were observed between the two groups in heart rate, body weight, fluid intake, urine volume, UNaV, UKV and right ventricular weight.
4. The results suggest that the combination of high sodium intake and meclofenamate exerts a greater damaging effect on the arterial pressure and renal function of SH rats than salt alone.
Familial Resemblance in Casual Blood Pressure—a Maternal Effect?
Authors: Bengtsson B. , Thulin T. , Scherstén B. 
Published: August 2015

1. The familial resemblance in casual blood pressure was studied in material derived from an ophthalmic population survey. The population consisted of 1078 individuals forming 373 families and 1410 pairs divided into groups with different relationships. In order to adjust for age, the difference between the logarithm of the systolic blood pressure and that of the value expected from a linear regression on age was used instead of the observed pressure.
2. There was no significant correlation between spouses. Children did not resemble their fathers at all. Sons and daughters were significantly correlated with their mothers. The resemblance between siblings was even greater and highly significant. The familial resemblance was not dependent on synchronized pressure readings or on a common household and was not related to the time available for cumulation of effects.
3. Together these findings formed a pattern strongly suggesting long-lasting maternal effects on the systolic blood pressure.
Factors Determining the Variability of Arterial Pressure in Hypertension
Authors: Watson R. D. S. , Stallard T. J. , Littler W. A. 
Published: August 2015

1. Intra-arterial pressure was recorded continuously in 26 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension under standardized conditions. Pressure was analysed beat by beat by computer and variability measured as the standard deviation of the normally distributed frequency histogram.
2. Variability was strongly influenced by physical activity, being least during sleep and increasing progressively with bed rest and ambulation. Variability during daytime was not related to time.
3. Systolic variability correlated directly with systolic pressure. An independent inverse relationship with baroreflex sensitivity was observed. Systolic variability tended to increase with obesity.
4. None of the following were related independently with variability: age; race; sex; plasma renin activity; plasma angiotensin II; plasma noradrenaline; plasma adrenaline.
Treatment of Hypertension: State of the Art in 1979
Authors: Freis E. D. 
Published: August 2015

1. The results of the Veterans Administration Co-operative Study have been extended by the subsequent clinical trials, which included patients of both sexes and with less vascular disease. The later studies confirm the effectiveness of treatment in preventing most complications except myocardial infarction and sudden death. Furthermore, the lower diastolic blood pressure in which treatment has been shown to have a significant beneficial effect has been lowered from 105 mmHg as indicated by the Veterans Study to 100 mmHg as shown by the much larger Australian trial. The possibility of reducing the incidence of sudden death and fatal myocardial infarction has been suggested by other recent control trials using β-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs, an approach that needs further exploration.
2. A number of interesting and useful new drugs have appeared which include tienilic acid, minoxidil, saralasin and captopril, and in addition recent controlled trials have re-emphasized the effectiveness of the old drug, reserpine, when combined with a diuretic. The art of treatment of hypertension therefore appears to be in a healthy state and we should expect more advances in the future.
One Year Follow-Up of Hyperuricaemic Hypertensive Patients Treated with Tienilic Acid or a Diuretic with or without Uric Acid-Lowering Drugs
Authors: Waal-Manning H. J. , Simpson F. O. 
Published: August 2015

1. Fifty-four hypertensive, hyperuricaemic patients were pair-matched for age, sex and current therapy (diuretic, uric acid-lowering drug).
2. One member of each pair was randomly assigned to continue on the previous therapy and the other member to treatment with tienilic acid (ticrynafen). Routine potassium chloride supplements were given only to subjects who were or had previously been on uric acid-lowering drugs.
3. Blood pressure control was equally good in the tienilic acid-treated and control groups. Serum uric acid was significantly lower in patients treated with tienilic acid.
4. In patients (32) not given supplements of potassium chloride, mean serum K+ did not fall but in four patients (three on tienilic acid, one on cyclopenthiazide) serum K+ fell to 3·5 mmol/l or less and potassium chloride was added.
5. Liver-function tests changed from pretrial results in nine patients. In eight of these (four on tienilic acid and four in the control group) minor rises in alkaline phosphatase only occurred. In the ninth patient, who was also taking metoprolol, serum aspartate transaminase rose markedly after 2 months and fluctuated for 4 months. Eventually there were also rises in alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin; these reverted to normal after stopping tienilic acid.
Assessment of the Antihypertensive Effect of Atenolol with 24 H Ambulatory Monitoring of Blood Pressure
Authors: Floras J. S. , Fox P. , Hassan M. O. , Jones J. V. , Sleight P. , Turner K. L. 
Published: August 2015

1. Twenty-four hour intra-arterial blood pressure measurements and electrocardiograms were obtained from 12 subjects with untreated essential hypertension.
2. The patients kept records of their activity, paying particular attention to times of retiring to bed, and times of waking in the morning.
3. All subjects were treated with a single daily dose of atenolol (50 to 200 mg) for between 2 and 9 months, and then underwent a second 24 h blood pressure study.
4. Arterial blood pressure was lowered significantly throughout the 24 h period with a single daily dose of atenolol.
Action of Clonidine on Centrally Evoked Salivation in Anaesthetized Cats
Authors: Green G. J. , Wilson H. , Breckenridge A. M. 
Published: August 2015

1. Clonidine (4 μg/kg) given intracisternally to anaesthetized cats inhibited brain stem-evoked parasympathetic submaxillary or parotid salivation by 62% at 5 Hz and 44% at 15 Hz.
2. The inhibitory action of clonidine on salivation was equally prevented by pretreatment with either intracisternal yohimbine (175 μg/kg) or phentolamine (250 μg/kg), used as preferential pre- and post-synaptic α-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs respectively.
3. The inhibition of centrally evoked salivation by clonidine is due to an action on α-adrenoreceptors but no clear evidence was obtained to indicate whether these were located pre- or post- synaptically. This is in contrast to the preferential presynaptic action of clonidine in reducing peripheral parasympathetic nerve-evoked salivation.
Disappearance of Angiotensin II and Noradrenaline from the Renal and Femoral Circulations of the Dog
Authors: Miller M. J. S. , Scroop G. C. 
Published: August 2015

1. The relative ability of the renal and femoral vascular beds to remove infused angiotensin II and noradrenaline was examined in anaesthetized greyhounds.
2. The degree of extraction of infused drug by each vascular bed was expressed as a percentage, calculated by comparing the pressor response to intra-arterial infusion with that obtained when the same dose was administered by the intravenous route.
3. When compared with the same dose given intravenously, the pressor responses after renal artery administration of angiotensin II were reduced by a mean of 77·8 ± 4·1% (mean ± sem, n = 12), whereas those after femoral artery infusions at the same dose were reduced by a mean of only 27·2 ± 4·9%(n = 12).
4. The pattern of extraction seen with noradrenaline infusions administered in a similar manner was the reverse of that with angiotensin II. There was a 28·9 ± 6·8% (n = 7) reduction in pressor responses to renal artery infusions; in contrast, femoral artery infusions of the same dose exhibited a 99·0 ± 1·0% (n = 7) reduction in the pressor responses.
5. Local arterial administration of the angiotensin II competitive antagonist, [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II, potentiated the systemic pressor responses to renal artery infusions of angiotensin II, but not those to femoral artery infusions.
6. It is suggested that the marked ability of the renal vascular bed to remove circulating angiotensin II may, in part, involve receptor-binding, although this seems not to be the case in the femoral vascular bed.
Ultrasound Measurements of Pulse-Wave Velocity in the Peripheral Arteries of Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Scarpello J. H. B. , Martin T. R. P. , Ward J. D. 
Published: August 2015

1. Pulse-wave velocity in both upper and lower limbs has been measured in a series of diabetic and control subjects. Subjects were studied with a Doppler ultrasound system and a real-time frequency analyser.
2. The subjects comprised three groups: (a) diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy (43); (b) non-complicated diabetic subjects (8); (c) non-diabetic control subjects (11). Those diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy included 12 with non-infected foot ulcers, nine with healed foot ulcers and 22 who gave no history of foot ulceration. All of the diabetic and control subjects had clinically normal peripheral pulses.
3. In the upper limbs the pulse-wave velocity was similar for all groups. By contrast, in the lower limbs pulse-wave velocity was significantly increased (P &lt; 0·005) in patients with healed or ulcerated feet compared with controls, non-complicated diabetic subjects or diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy alone.
4. It is suggested that the increased pulse-wave velocity results from an underlying, diffuse, atherosclerosis. This is not detectable clinically and was found to predominantly affect the lower limb arteries rather than the upper limb vessels. This may be an important aetiological factor in the development of foot ulcers in these patients.
Long-Term Clearance of [57Co]Cyanocobalamin in Vegans and Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Amin S. , Spinks T. , Ranicar A. , Short M. D. , Hoffbrand A. V. 
Published: August 2015

1. Whole-body counting has been used to monitor the clearance of [57Co]cyanocobalamin in normal subjects, vegans and patients with pernicious anaemia. After oral administration of 57Colabelled cyanocobalamin (1 μg/l μCi), subjects were counted for radioactivity monthly for a maximum period of 1 year.
2. The results obtained were consistent with a monoexponential clearance model and a least-squares fit showed that there was no significant difference between the mean clearance rates for the vegans and normal subjects.
3. The patients with pernicious anaemia cleared the vitamin significantly more quickly than the normal control subjects.
4. This may be due to failure to reabsorb biliary vitamin B12 in pernicious anaemia because of the absence of intrinsic factor.
Fate of Vasopressin Perfused into Nephrons of Wistar and Brattleboro (Diabetes Insipidus) Rats
Authors: Lindheimer M. D. , Reinharz A. , Grandchamp A. , Vallotton M. B. 
Published: August 2015

1. Iodinated vasopressin was microinjected into early proximal or distal tubules of Wistar and Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rats. Sites of infusion were determined by the lissamine green transit time method.
2. Urinary recovery of 125I after proximal and distal injections was 89 ± se 1·7% and 94 ± 1·0% in Wistar rats (corrected for inulin) and 81 ± 20 and 92 ± 2·0% in Brattleboro rats (uncorrected); injection of hormone into vascular stars resulted in similar 125I recoveries from punctured and contralateral kidneys.
3. Radioactive substances excreted after perfusing proximal and distal sites in Brattleboro animals, and 125I-labelled hormone added to urine from the contralateral kidney, bound similarly to a specific arginine vasopressin antiserum and demonstrated similar radioactive elution profiles after passage through Sephadex G25 columns.
4. Incubation of labelled and unlabelled vasopressin with rat kidney homogenates resulted in similar and complete degradation of the hormone.
5. Results indicate that most of the vasopressin injected into either proximal or distal nephrons enters the urine intact, and no evidence of tubular secretion was found when perfusing vascular stars. Enzymes in rat renal tissue degrade labelled vasopressin, but the ability of the proximal tubule to hydrolyse the 125I-labelled vasopressin is limited, especially when compared with that reported for several linear peptide hormones.
Application of the Occupancy Principle in Studies of the Metabolism of Vitamin B12 in Man
Authors: Bessent R. G. , Watson W. S. , MacDonald Caroline M. L. A. , Adams J. F. 
Published: August 2015

1. The long-term clearance of radioactive vitamin B12 from serum and from whole body was measured in control subjects and patients with treated pernicious anaemia and the data were analysed by the occupancy principle to provide estimates of dietary intake, daily requirements and whole-body mass of vitamin B12.
2. In six cases the daily requirement for vitamin B12 ranged from 0·15 to 1·9 μg with an average of 1·0 μg. The whole-body vitamin B12 in four cases ranged from 780 to 1350 μg with an average of 1060 μg.
3. Estimates of the whole-body vitamin B12 on the assumption of single-pool equilibrium gave constantly changing results, which, together with discrepant half-lives for serum radioactivity and whole-body radioactivity, constitute evidence against the concept of single-pool equilibrium.
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Fanconi's Anaemia
Authors: Okahata Susumu , Kobayashi Yohnosuke , Usui Tomofusa 
Published: August 2015

1. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity was determined in 46 adults, 10 paediatric patients without anaemia and 11 paediatric patients with several types of anaemia. No difference was found in superoxide dismutase activity between adults and normal children.
2. The use of multiple parameters appeared to be important for the evaluation of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity.
3. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in three cases of typical Fanconi's anaemia was markedly depressed, when expressed either per mg of haemoglobin or per number of cells, and its aetiological significance is discussed.
Activities of Some Free-Radical Scavenging Enzymes and Glutathione Concentrations in Human and Rat Liver and their Relationship to the Pathogenesis of Tissue Damage in Iron Overload
Authors: Selden Clare , Seymour Carol A. , Peters T. J. 
Published: August 2015

1. The activities and subcellular distribution of enzymes implicated in the protection of cells from free-radical mediated damage were determined in liver biopsy specimens from control and iron-overloaded patients.
2. There was a small but insignificant decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase in patients with secondary iron overload due to multiple transfusion therapy for thalassaemia major.
3. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were similar in both patient groups.
4. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated a major cytosolic localization of these enzymes with a minor mitochondrial component. The relative proportions of the enzymes in the two locations was similar in both control and iron-overloaded patients.
5. Approximately 80% of the hepatic glutathione was present in the reduced form in both patient groups and it is concluded that although free-radical mediated damage might be implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue damage due to iron overload no significant defect in these protective mechanisms can be demonstrated.
Sialic Acid and the Microheterogeneity of Human Serum Ferritin
Authors: Cragg S. J. , Wagstaff M. , Worwood M. 
Published: August 2015

1. Ferritin has been partially purified from the serum of patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis.
2. Incubation with neuraminidase of this partially purified serum ferritin eliminated much of the microheterogeneity of the protein so that only ferritin of isoelectric point approximately 5·8 was present.
3. There was no change in the total amount of ferritin present (measured immunologically) or in the percentage of ferritin binding to concanavalin A.
4. Incubation of liver, spleen or heart ferritin with neuraminidase did not change the isoelectric focusing patterns.
Urinary Conjugates of 4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenylethylene Glycol Do Not Provide an Index of Brain Amine Turnover in Man
Authors: Boobis A. R. , Murray S. , Jones D. H. , Reid J. L. , Davies D. S. 
Published: August 2015

1. The 24 h urinary excretion of free 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol (HMPG), HMPG conjugated as glucuronide and HMPG conjugated as sulphate was determined in nine healthy volunteer subjects and six patients with phaeochromocytoma. In both groups of subjects most (97%) HMPG was in the conjugated form.
2. Although patients with phaeochromocytoma excreted five- to ten-fold the amounts of each of the forms of HMPG excreted by the control subjects the ratio of these different forms of HMPG to each other did not differ significantly between the groups.
3. In cerebrospinal fluid and brain about 80% of HMPG was free and of the conjugated HMPG in these two tissues most was in the glucuronide form.
4. It is concluded from these data that both HMPG sulphate and HMPG glucuronide have a substantial peripheral origin and that measurements of their urinary excretion cannot be used as an index of brain catecholamine turnover.
Rise in Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase at the Menopause
Authors: Crilly R. G. , Jones M. M. , Horsman A. , Nordin B. E. C. 
Published: August 2015

1. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and urine hydroxyproline excretion were measured in age-matched premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
2. Both measurements were found to be significantly higher in postmenopausal women.
3. It is proposed that the rise in the plasma alkaline phosphatase, like that in the hydroxyproline excretion, may reflect the onset of bone loss that occurs after the menopause.
Renal Metabolism of Paracetamol: Studies in the Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney
Authors: Hart Sandra , Calder I. , Ross B. , Tange J. 
Published: August 2015

1. The metabolism of [3H]paracetamol has been studied in the perfused rat kidney. Seventy-four per cent of filtered paracetamol was reabsorbed. Paracetamol appeared in the urine; 90%was unaltered but 10%appeared as metabolites: the glucuronide, sulphate, mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates.
2. At concentrations of paracetamol of 1–3 mmol/l no impairment of renal physiological function was observed.
3. The presence of the mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates in the urine demonstrates the capacity of the kidney for oxidative metabolism of paracetamol and hence the formation of potentially toxic intermediates.
Erythrocyte Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Activity and Indices of Sympathetic Activity in Man
Authors: Fitzgerald G. A. , Hamilton C. A. , Jones D. H. , Reid J. L. 
Published: August 2015

1. Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase was studied in a population sample of 147 subjects.
2. There was a wide interindividual variability of catechol-O-methyltransferase activity, which was not unimodally distributed. Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity was not influenced by blood pressure, age or sex, nor was it related to plasma noradrenaline or urinary catecholamines or metanephrines.
3. It is not likely that inactivation of noradrenaline by O-methylation at least by erythrocytes is an important mechanism determining plasma noradrenaline, let alone arterial pressure.
Plasma α2 HS-glycoprotein Concentration in Paget's Disease of Bone: its Possible Significance
Authors: Ashton B. A. , Smith R. 
Published: August 2015

1. The plasma concentration of the α2HS-glycoprotein has been measured in 58 normal adults and in patients with Paget's disease of bone before (24) and during treatment (16).
2. The average plasma α2HS-glycoprotein was lower in the patients with Paget's disease than in the normal adults and was inversely related to plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (r = −0.55, n = 24, P&lt;0.001).
3. When the patients with Paget's disease were treated with either diphosphonate or calcitonin, the plasma α2HS-glycoprotein concentration increased towards normal. In those patients treated with calcitonin, this increase was too rapid to be entirely accounted for by a cessation of bone formation.
Urine Concentration of 3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-Δ3-pyrrolin-2-one (‘Mauve Factor’) is Not Causally Related to Schizophrenia or to Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Gorchein A. 
Published: August 2015

1. 3-Ethyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-Δ3-pyrrolin-2-one (HPL, ‘mauve factor’) was determined quantitatively in the urine of schizophrenic, general medical and porphyric subjects by a sensitive gas/liquid-chromatographic method using a nitrogen-specific detector.
2. A comparative evaluation with previously used methods for HPL was made and some problems of specificity are discussed.
3. The concentration of HPL in early morning and spot samples of urine from 146 subjects with schizophrenia was not greater than that in 42 general medical patients, contrary to previous reports.
4. Of the three patients with acute intermittent porphyria, two excreted HPL. One subject, studied over a 2 year period, did so intermittently in a manner unrelated to her attacks of porphyria.
5. It is concluded that the urine content of HPL is unlikely to be causally related to schizophrenia or to the clinical manifestations of acute intermittent porphyria.