bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Test of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior in Young People With a First Episode of Psychosis
Authors: Heelis Rebecca , Graham Hermine , Jackson Chris 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThe interpersonal‐psychological theory (IPT) of suicidal behavior suggests that an individual who does not feel they belong and believes they are a burden combined with the capability to attempt suicide is more likely to attempt suicide. The study aimed to investigate this hypothesis in the context of psychosis.MethodYoung people with a first episode of psychosis (N = 45) who considered suicide, attempted suicide, and had no history of suicide or attempt were compared on self‐report measures of suicidal desire, capability for suicide, and substance use.ResultsNo significant differences were found between groups in terms of suicidal desire or capability. All participants perceived they were a burden, did not feel they belonged, and had the capability for suicide. Poisoning (n = 22) was the most frequently reported method of a suicide attempt. Of those who had attempted suicide, 50% (n = 7) reported that it had been related to a psychotic episode. Of the participants, 30 reported previous suicidal ideation mainly to completely end or stop the distress they were experiencing. Levels of depression were significantly different between groups; moderate levels of depression were reported in the suicidal ideation and attempt groups.ConclusionThe concepts of IPT appear to resonate with the experience of psychosis, regardless of suicidality. Specific features of psychosis and their influence on suicidality are worth further exploration.
Additional nitrogen in arctic‐alpine soils and plants—a pilot study with 15NO$ _3^ - $ and 15NH$ _4^+ $ fertilization along an elevation gradient
Authors: Ackermann Simone , Amelung Wulf , Löffler Jörg 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition has been increasing in alpine ecosystems, but its fate in soils and plants remains unclear. We assumed that the increased N load will be efficiently retained in alpine ecosystems but that the degree of N use efficiency changes with elevation. Thus, we performed a 3‐year 15N tracer experiment, in which we added 1 g m−2 of either NH415NO3 or 15NH4NO3 fertilizer to a plot of 1 m2 in size at three elevations. Composite soil samples and aboveground plant material from lichens, dwarf shrubs, and graminoids were collected annually for three years and analyzed for their 15N accrual. We found a cumulative and plateauing rise in 15N concentration in soils and plants at all sites. However, overall recovery of the tracer decreased with time, amounting to 71% of fertilizer recovered in the soils in the first year, 69% recovered in soils and plants in the second year, and 37% in soils and plants in the third year. Moreover, the fertilizer use efficiency varied among fertilizer types and plant functional types. This utilization pattern appears to be modulated by elevation.
Investigation of transgenic soybean components in soybean from an area of China
Authors: Wang Cunfang , Zhu Yuying 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo evaluate the large quantities of genetically modified soybeans that are imported into China, we evaluated the presence of transgenes in soybean samples from an area, which are major soybean‐producing areas. We evaluated the presence of exogenous genes in a total of 254 soybean samples from farms and 35 commercially available soybean samples using polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequence analysis.RESULTSThe farm soybean samples contained a total of 67 CaMV35S‐positive samples, 46 NOS‐positive samples, 16 CP4‐EPEPS‐positive samples, and 66 BT‐positive samples. The commercially available soybean samples contained a total of 12 CaMV35S‐positive samples, 19 NOS‐positive samples, 13 CP4‐EPEPS‐positive samples, and 15 BT‐positive samples.CONCLUSIONSeveral exogenous genes were detected in the farmed and commercially available soybeans. We should use caution in the management of genetically modified soybeans. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Communities of Practice Purposefully Designed for Improving Business Performance
Authors: Yamklin Sophon , Igel Barbara 
Published: October 2015

The recent economic crisis, budget cutbacks, and lack of measurable benefits have resulted in many organizations reducing their budgets for knowledge management (KM) and discontinuing related communities of practice (CoPs). This paper aims to explore management approaches to purposefully creating and sustaining strategically designed CoPs as a tool to deliver tangible organizational performance improvements. This research identifies management approaches to intentionally creating CoPs by conducting a comprehensive exploratory case study research based on in‐depth interviews with executives, middle managers, and employees in three field sites located in Thailand's manufacturing sector.One of the cases included in this study discontinued its corporate KM efforts during the last economic crisis, in 2009, and such efforts have yet to be reinstated. The three case studies demonstrate how these companies purposefully designed and established CoPs to target tangible organizational objectives and how they refocused the agenda of their CoPs in order to support productivity improvements in addition to other more traditional KM goals. This study also identifies the structures of a CoP created with the intention of achieving tangible organizational performance goals. Organizations that create CoPs with the purpose of improving tangible organizational performance dimensions can gain insights from our findings with respect to designing and managing such CoPs. This paper is one of the first to empirically explore and describe approaches to creating and managing CoPs in order to improve explicit business performance goals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recreational motor vehicle use and facial trauma
Authors: Shaigany Kevin , Abrol Anish , Svider Peter F. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Carron Michael A. , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe use of recreational motorized vehicles (RMVs), including all‐terrain vehicles (ATVs), snowmobiles, and go‐carts, has increased in recent decades. Because RMVs are lightly regulated, there are numerous safety concerns. This analysis examines a nationally representative resource to estimate the incidence of craniofacial trauma secondary to RMV accidents, evaluating injury and demographic patterns.MethodsThe Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was examined for facial trauma resulting in emergency department (ED) visits stemming from the use of ATVs, motorbikes/scooters, snowmobiles, and utility vehicles. Characteristics including demographics, anatomic sites, mechanism, and location of injury were evaluated, as well as details regarding helmet and alcohol use.ResultsThere were 1,464 entries extrapolating to an estimated 61,312 ED visits over a 5‐year period for facial trauma from RMV use. From 2009 to 2013, there was a 28% reduction in ED visits. The majority of patients were male, and the median age was 17 years. Lacerations (45.1%), contusions/abrasions (26.7%), and fractures (24%) were the most frequent injuries. Among fractures, the most common types were nasal (29%), followed by mandible (20%) and orbital (8%) fractures. All‐terrain vehicles (62%) were the most common vehicles. Alcohol consumption resulted in a higher rate of facial fractures (48.5% vs. 22.8%).ConclusionAs there is a significant potential for injury, familiarity with injury patterns associated with RMVs is useful in the management of facial trauma. Recreational motorized vehicles facial trauma results in tens of thousands of ED visits annually. This data reinforces the importance of pursuing further efforts to raise public awareness and improve safety measures.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:67–72, 2016
Development of a rapid method of analysing whole blood omega‐3 levels using a fingertip blood sample and measuring breast milk omega‐3 levels using automated methods
Authors: Bell Gordon , Gilhooly Tom , Mackinlay Elizabeth , Younger Irene , McLellan Ramsay , Dick James 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is widely accepted that intake of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can have positive benefits for human health, particularly for CVD, although recent evidence suggests similar benefits may exist over a wider range of inflammatory and lifestyle disorders. This study describes the development of a rapid whole blood finger tip analysis to measure n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in human subjects.
Identification of oil mixtures in extracted and refined vegetable oils
Authors: Koidis Anastasios , Osorio Argüello Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIdentification of adulteration in mechanically extracted oils or the botanical origin of refined vegetable oil blends can be effectively achieved through the combination of spectroscopic methods and chemometric techniques. Chromatographic methods remain highly relevant but suffer from various limitations which derive from natural compositional variation. Modern multivariate techniques have demonstrated that it is possible to identify patterns and effectively classify unknown samples in both cases. Development of robust analytical methodologies requires however vigorous validation. Spectroscopic methods combined with chemometric techniques lack established validation protocols and this might hinder their use by law enforcement authorities.
Regiospecific analysis of triacylglycerols
Authors: Kalo Paavo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIsobaric triacylglycerols which differ in the sn‐1(3) and sn‐2 positions of acyl chains are regioisomers. The objective of this review is to describe the resolution of regioisomers by silver‐ion chromatography, RP–HPLC, and by GLC. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to discuss the determination of regioisomers solely by mass spectrometry and by chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GLC and electron ionization MS, silver‐ion chromatography and APCI–MS or ESI–MS, RP–HPLC and APCI–MS, and NP–HPLC and ESI–MS).
Use of continuous, real‐time observations and model simulations to achieve autonomous, adaptive sampling of microbial processes with a robotic sampler
Authors: Herfort Lydie , Seaton Charles , Wilkin Michael , Roman Brent , Preston Christina M. , Marin Roman , Seitz Kiley , Smith Maria W. , Haynes Vena , Scholin Christopher A. , Baptista António M. , Simon Holly M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Columbia River has a dynamic and fast flushing estuary impacted by strong advection and mixing of riverine and oceanic waters, and high but variable loads of suspended particulate matter. Transient, but recurring water and nutrient fluxes from end‐members impart strong spatial and temporal gradients, contributing to microbiological hotspots that play important ecological roles in the estuary. Investigations of corresponding microbiota require precisely timed samples that are contextualized by physical and biogeochemical data. To accomplish this, we embedded a robotic microbial sampler (Environmental Sample Processor, ESP) within the operations of an interdisciplinary observation and prediction system (Science and Technology University Research Network, SATURN; www.stccmop.org/saturn). Autonomous, adaptively sampled water collection by the ESP was implemented based on environmental conditions assessed from SATURN physical and biogeochemical sensors. Water was pumped from multiple depths to sensors and the ESP on dry land. If water met user‐defined parameters, ESP sampling was automatically initiated. This strategy was tested during three deployments in summer 2013, during which operational tools for analysis and visualization were used to formulate well‐constrained mission plans by providing estimates of the intensity and timing of oxygen‐depleted ocean water intrusion and estuarine turbidity maxima. This allowed the effective characterization of the impact of these events on selected estuarine microbiota.
The corrosion characteristics and solderability of immersion tin coatings on copper
Authors: Arazna A. , Krolikowski A. , Koziol G. , Bielinski J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractImmersion tin is widely used as a lead free surface finish in the printed circuit board technology. Tin prevents the underlying copper from corrosion and preserves its solderability during a long storage and lead‐free assembly processes. Investigated immersion tin coatings were deposited on copper foil from thiourea‐type baths with hydrochloric acid addition (SnHCl coatings) or methanesulfonic acid addition (SnMSA coatings). Obtained coatings were investigated in the as deposited state and after aging (4 h at 155 °C, in air). The scanning electron microscopy studies revealed differences in structure of tin samples deposited from different baths. Results of polarization and impedance investigations indicated that as deposited SnHCl coatings had better corrosion resistance in 0.5 M NaCl solution than SnMSA coatings. The aging resulted in the improvement of the corrosion resistance of thinner coatings (0.2 and 0.5 µm thick SnHCl and 0.3 µm thick SnMSA), which were thoroughly converted into Sn–Cu intermetallic (IMC) phases. In contrary, thicker coatings exhibited some worsening of the corrosion resistance upon aging. The solderability of all as‐deposited tin coatings was acceptable, but decreased after aging, especially for thinner coatings, showing the through conversion into Sn–Cu IMC phases.
Electrochemical and SEM characterization of NiTi alloy coated with chitosan by PLD technique
Authors: Mareci D. , Cimpoesu N. , Popa M. I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe production of a wide variety of biocompatible thin films by laser ablation deposed on the biomaterial substrates does not induce inflammatory response and repulsion by the immunization human body. Anodic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used for the study of the electrochemical behavior of coated NiTi with chitosan through pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Experiments were carried out using two different electrolytes: physiological 0.9 wt% NaCl solution (PS) and PS + hydrochloric acid (APS) at 37 ± 1 °C. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the surface morphology after maintaining in both electrolytes. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by means of the corrosion and passive corrosion currents. The electrochemical properties of the coated NiTi sample at the open circuit potential at different immersion time in PS and APS were studied by EIS. Equivalent circuits were used to model EIS data, in order to characterize samples' surface.
Corrosion behaviour of Ti–Ta–Sn alloy systems in 0.9% NaCl solution
Authors: Khan W. Q. , Deen K. M. , Ghauri K. M. , Ahmad R. , Tabish T. , Atiq S. , Zaigham H. , Ali L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo alloys of varying contents of tantalum (Ta) and tin (Sn) were prepared and homogenized to evaluate their microstructural and electrochemical characteristics. The microstructural features were revealed through optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction methods. The formation and stability of passive film was studied by open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical scratch tests. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results simulated with equivalent electrical circuit suggested bilayer structure of outer porous and inner barrier oxide films. The quantitative data showed thick inner barrier oxide film retarded electrochemical reactions at low ‘Ta’ and ‘Sn’ concentration. The increased percentage of ‘Ta’ and ‘Sn’ deteriorated barrier properties by agglomeration of Ta2Sn3 and Ta0.15Ti0.85 precipitates within grains and at the grain boundaries.
Interdiffusion behavior of Al‐rich oxidation resistant coatings on ferritic–martensitic alloys
Authors: Velraj S. , Zhang Y. , Hawkins E. W. , Pint B. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInterdiffusion of thin Al‐rich coatings synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and pack cementation on 9Cr ferritic–martensitic alloys was investigated in the temperature range of 650–700 °C. The compositional changes after long‐term exposures in laboratory air and air + 10 vol% H2O were examined experimentally. Interdiffusion was modeled by a modified coating oxidation and substrate interdiffusion model (COSIM) program. The modification enabled the program to directly input the concentration profiles of the as‐deposited coating determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Reasonable agreement was achieved between the simulated and experimental Al profiles after exposures. The model was also applied to predict coating lifetime at 650–700 °C based on a minimum Al content (Cb) required at the coating surface to re‐form protective oxide scale. In addition to a Cb value established from the failure of a thin CVD coating at 700 °C, values reported for slurry aluminide coatings were also included in lifetime predictions.
On the role of inspections and interventions in infrastructure management
Authors: Adey B. T. , Jamali A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, a view of the role of inspections and interventions in the management of infrastructure is presented. The paper is to serve as a reminder, in a time when there is ever increasing discussion over the durability/sustainability of structures, that infrastructure exists to provide an adequate level of service over a specified time period and that the goal of management is to ensure that this level of service is provided while incurring the least total negative impacts; impacts that can be incurred through normal use, and the execution of inspections and interventions. The significance of this view in determining the inspections and interventions to be included in optimal management strategies is demonstrated through an example where the optimal management strategies for a reinforced concrete bridge deck are determined under different assumptions of the value of negative impacts. It is shown that it is impossible to determine the inspections and interventions to be included in an optimal management strategy without first developing all management strategies to be investigated and determining the one that results in the least negative impacts. It is also shown that many rules of thumb used to select inspections and interventions, such as inspections which provide more accurate information are better than those that provide less accurate information, are not always true.
Concrete cover cracking owing to reinforcement corrosion – theoretical considerations and practical experience
Authors: Angst U. , Elsener B. , Jamali A. , Adey B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReinforcement corrosion might lead to cracking and spalling of the concrete cover owing to the volume expansion associated with the deposition of some of the possible corrosion products. This is not only aesthetically unpleasing, it might also accelerate deterioration processes or become a safety issue for passing traffic. The present paper discusses first the mechanisms of carbonation‐ and chloride‐induced reinforcement corrosion and considers the chemistry of aqueous iron in order to identify the type of corrosion products as well as their location of formation. Furthermore, practical examples are summarised in order to compare the documented behaviour of a number of real structures with the theoretical considerations made. It is shown that for the case of purely chloride‐induced (pitting) corrosion, precipitation of corrosion products is strongly delayed or may even not occur. Implications are discussed with respect to time‐to‐corrosion prediction models and visual inspection of reinforced concrete structures. Both the theoretical considerations and the practical experience illustrate that relying on outwardly visible signs to detect internally on‐going corrosion must be done with caution if localised reinforcement corrosion cannot be excluded.
Long‐time behavior of non‐galvanized and galvanized steels for geotechnical stabilization applications
Authors: Nürnberger U. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe contribution is dedicated to the durability of geotechnical stabilization applications. The long‐term corrosion behavior of unprotected and galvanized thread‐bars for micro‐piles and nails in different soils is described. The bars in the ground are embedded in an up to 20 mm thick cement mortar, which may be cracked and locally destructed. First, the corrosion‐affecting parameters of the steel corrosion in the ground are described and soil classes are defined. Furthermore, an estimation of the long‐term (up to 50 years) corrosion behavior was assessed on the base of information from the literature. Here the corrosion of the thread‐bar in direct contact with the soil was in the center of interest. The corrosion protection of the cement mortar cover was not taken into consideration, in order to be on the safe side. On the other hand, a macrocell‐corrosion of the thread‐bars cannot be completely excluded, if the cement mortar casing exhibits defects and constructional and environmental corrosive conditions in the ground are fulfilled. Two cases are discussed:• element formation between sections along the thread‐bar,• element formation between the thread‐bar and other reinforced concrete parts.
Alternating current corrosion of cathodically protected pipelines: Discussion of the involved processes and their consequences on the critical interference values
Authors: Büchler M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBased on laboratory studies and model concepts, a profound understanding of the involved processes in ac corrosion and the required limits has been obtained in the last years. But there was no information whether these thresholds can be effectively applied to pipelines or whether operational constraints make their implementation impossible. Therefore, an extensive field test was carried out. Thereby, the relevance of the laboratory tests for field application could be demonstrated and all threshold values were confirmed. Detailed analysis made it possible to explain the observed threshold values based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. The results summarized in the present work are the basis for the normative work defining the thresholds for the operation conditions of cathodically protected pipelines.
Effect of exposure in steam or argon on the creep properties of Ni‐based alloys
Authors: Dryepondt S. , Unocic K. A. , Pint B. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough expensive, Ni‐based superalloys are of interest for the ultrasupercritical steam program because of their good creep and oxidation resistance at temperatures above 700 °C. As the effect of steam oxidation on the alloy mechanical properties is unknown, creep specimens of alloy CCA617, 740, and 230 were pre‐oxidized for 2000 and 4000 h in steam at 800 °C before testing in air at the same temperature. Compared with as fabricated material, exposure in steam decreased the creep properties of alloy CCA617, had less of an effect on alloy 740, and did not affect alloy 230. Testing of a specimen repolished after steam exposure as well as microstructural observations indicate that the oxidation affected zone at the specimen surface is not responsible for the properties degradation. Surprisingly, a similar time anneal in an inert environment resulted in a drastic decrease of creep rupture life and an increase in the creep rate and elongation at rupture. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the mechanical properties decrease for alloy CCA617 is related to the absence of γ′ precipitates within the grains.