bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Breed on Some Traits of Lamb Carcasses of Iraqi Local Sheep
Authors: Hamza Al-Qasimi Rahman Hussien , Hasan Ayyed Bajee , Mohammad Waleed Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study was conducted at the Khairat Al-Ittihad station for sheep breeding, southeast of Babil Governorate, on a random sample consisting of 24 lambs of local sheep, distributed in 12 lambs of Awassi sheep, 4 lambs of Arab sheep, and 8 lambs of Hamdani sheep, with ages ranging from 6-7 months, with an average live weight. These lambs, approximately 25.32 kg, were slaughtered after cutting off their feed 12 hours before. The aim of this study was to know the effect of the strain on the weight of the carcass and the weights of some external parts such as the head, legs, skin, and the weights of some parts of the carcass such as the ribs, neck, mechanism, shoulder, loin, and thigh. The gluteus and thigh The group of Hamdani lambs was superior to the two groups of Awassi and Arabi lambs. As for the other traits included in this study, such as carcass weight, skin weights, shoulder ribs, and cotton area, the type of breed had no significant effect on them.
Effects of using Different Levels of Crude Protein with or Without Probiotic Addition on Blood Indicators, Carcass Traits and Immunity Response
Authors: Kazem Qasim Samir , Imari Zeyad Kamal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was performed to statement the effect of different levels of dietary protein with or without probiotic addition on blood and immune indictors and carcass trait. Three hundred broiler chicks 308 were obtained from a commercial hatchery and reared for 35 d. At the beginning of the second week, the experiment was conducted on 240 birds 203.5 ± 7.25 g by using completely randomized design of a factorial arrangement (3 × 2). 3 levels of crude protein [standard level; 5% less than standard level (PR1); and 10% less than standard level (PR2)] and 2 levels of probiotic (0 and 0.5 g/kg). Results showed that birds fed probiotic had a higher (p<0.01) dressing percentage and breast relative weight than birds fed a diet without probiotic. While reducing dietary protein did not influence relative weight of breast and dressing percentage (p>0.05). The relative weight of the thigh, back, neck, wings, liver, and heart was not impacted by reducing protein, probiotic addition, or their interaction (p>0.05). The total cholesterol and glucose concentrations were significantly reduced in the birds fed a diet containing probiotic compared to the birds fed a diet without probiotic (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). Neither protein nor probiotic effect on concentration of antibodies for Kumboro, Newcastle, and bronchitis infectious (p>0.05). There is interaction effect between protein levels and probiotic levels for antibody titer against bursal disease (p<0.05).
Effect of Addition Aqueous Extract of Camel Thorn (Alhagi maurorum) Plant Roots and Some of Immune Enhancers with Drinking Water on some Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological Characteristics of Broilers
Authors: Mahde Martaza Haider , Hammod Ali J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current study was conducted in poultry farm belongs to Animal production department/ Faculty of Agriculture/ University of Kufa. Using 300 broiler chicks (Ross 308) with 1st day of age. The chicks were unsexed and with 37 gm average of initial weight and reared in semi closed house by pens (3m2). The chicks were distributed randomly for five treatments with three replicates for each treatment where each treatment included 60 chicks with 20 chicks for each replicate through a period of 35 days. The treatments were divided as follows: T1: control treatment (without addition), T2: adding the Immuno-Care to the drinking water at an amount of 0.4 ml/ litre, T3: adding Immunity-Stim to the drinking water at an amount of 1 ml/ litre, T4: Add the aqueous extract of the roots of Camel thorn plant at a percentage of 5 ml/ 1 litre of drinking water, T5: Add the aqueous extract of the roots of Camel thorn at a percentage of 10 ml/ 1 litre of water. The chicks were fed with starter diet from 1-10 days of age, grower diet from 11-24 days of age, and finisher diet from 25-35 days of age. The data for the studied characteristics were analyzed using a completely randomized design, and the significance of the differences between the treatments was tested using the Duncan test at the probability level of 0.05. The SAS statistical program was used in the statistical analysis. The most important results obtained were the following: Significant improvement in the hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, number of red blood cells, titer of antibodies directed against Newcastle disease and antibodies directed against Infectious bronchitis virus, as the relative weight of the spleen compared to the control treatment. While the two treatments adding immune Enhancers (Immuno-Care and Immunity-Stim) did not differ significantly compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Adding Rumex vesicarius Powder and Vitamin C to the Diet on Some Productive Characteristics of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress
Authors: Al-Issawi Nihaya R. , Al-Shukri Aqeel Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study was conducted in the poultry field at the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture / University of Kufa, from September 24th to October 28th, 2023. The objective was to investigate the impact of incorporating bladder dock (Rumex vesicarius) plant powder and vitamin C into the diet of broilers (Ross 308) subjected to heat stress on their productive traits. A total of 300 unsexed broiler chicks, each one day old, from the Ross308 cross, were utilized. The average weight of each chick was 42 grams. The chicks were provided with three distinct diets between the ages of 1 and 10 days, followed by a second diet between the ages of 11 and 24 days, and finally a third diet between the ages of 25 and 35 days. The energy content of the three diets was measured to be 3010, 3081, and 3210 kcal/kg, respectively. Similarly, the protein content was found to be 23.11, 21.51, and 19.58, respectively. The one-day-old chicks were allocated into five treatments using a random distribution method. Each treatment consisted of 60 chicks, with three replicates. Each duplicate consisted of 20 chicks. The therapies administered were as follows: T1: Control, standard diet, T2: standard diet supplemented with 5 g of R. vesicarius plant powder per kilogram of body weight, T3: standard diet supplemented with 10 g of R. vesicarius powder per kilogram of body weight, T4: standard diet supplemented with 300 mg of vitamin C per kilogram of body weight, T5: standard diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin C plus 5g of R. vesicarius plant powder per kilogram of body weight. The study’s findings revealed a statistically significant disparity (P < 0.05) in the ultimate live body weight and overall weight increase of the avian subjects in the two experimental groups, T2 and T4, in comparison to the control group, T1. The birds in all treatments did not exhibit any notable disparities in the rate of total feed consumption when compared to the control group. The feed conversion factor for the birds experienced a substantial enhancement. The comparison between the two therapies, T2 and T4, and the control therapy was conducted.
Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of the Hot and Alcoholic Aqueous Extract of the Seeds of the Kalgan Plant (Silybum marianum) to Drinking Water on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chicks ROSS 308
Authors: Abd Al-Hussien Shhlaa Sahib , Ajafar Majeed Hameed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of adding different concentrations of the hot and alcoholic aqueous extract of seeds of the local Kalgan plant (Silybum marianum) to water drinking on the performance productive of broilers and find the best ratios that achieve the highest results positive in productivity, It was used 315 of broiler chicks Ross 308 and It was randomly distributed to 21 (KN) with 7 trial transactions for each(3)bis transaction. The experiment treatments were as: T1(control) :free of any addition, and T2, T3, T4 : addition of 2 ml of hot water extract for the seeds of the Kalgan plant / liter of drinking water at a concentration of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% respectively, and T5, T6, T7 : addition of 2 ml of alcoholic extract of the seeds of the Kalgan plant / liter of water drinking at a concentration of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% respectively. The results showed a significant (p≤0.05) superiority for T6 and T7 coefficients in the average weight live body and the gain weight total compared T1 (control), the consumption total feed, the experimental coefficients (T6, T7, T4 and T3) achieved significant compared superiority T1 (control), recorded T7 the best cumulative food conversion with significant (p≤0.05) difference compared to treatments other. As for the carcass qualities, the treatment T7 achieved the best weight live body, and weight carcass and the net percentage, for the destruction, it was noted there were no significant differences between the experiment coefficients all. So the extract alcoholic of the seeds of the Kalgan plant at a concentration of 7.5% showed the best results In weight live body, the gain weight and consumption feed rate.
Efficacy of Fortifying Poultry Diet with Capsaicin and Chili Powder on the Performance of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress
Authors: Abed Ibrahim S. , Al-Shukri Aqeel Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Livestock - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period 24/9/2023 to 28/10/2023. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of adding capsaicin and chili C. annuum powder to poultry diet in some productive traits of broilers under heat stress conditions. The experiment consisted of 360 Ross-308 hybrid unsexed broiler chicks, one day old at an initial weight of 40 g/chick raised on a 5 cm floor mattress. The chicks were fed a starter diet from the age of 1-10 days, a second diet from the age of 11 days - 24 days, then a final diet from the age of 25 days - 35 days. The energy levels of the three diets were 3015, 3081, and 3210 joules/kg with protein levels of 23.11, 21.51, and 19.58, respectively. One-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments, with 3 replicates per treatment. Each replicate included 20 chicks. The treatments were: T1 control (standard diet), treatment T2, T3 and T4 standard diet fortified with capsaicin compound at an amount of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg diet, respectively, while the diet of the treatments T5 and T6 was mixed with chili powder at 5 and 10 g or mg/kg diet, respectively. The results showed that the final body weights of birds at 5 weeks of age increased significantly in the T3 treatment over the rest of the treatments, and the T2 and T5 treatments outperformed the T1 control treatment. Treatments T3 and T4 were significantly higher than the rest of the experimental treatments in terms of total weight gain, while the rate of feed consumption did not differ between all treatments. On the other hand, a significant improvement (P<0.05) was recorded in the cumulative feed conversion factor for treatments T2, T3, and T6 compared to the control treatment T1.
Problems Facing the Rearing of Broiler from the Point of View of Breeders in Salah Al-Din Province
Authors: Dahham Omar Ali , Saleh Majeed Hadi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of the research is to identify the problems facing the rearing of broiler from the point of view of breeders in Salah al-Din provainc in general, and to determine the significance of the differences in the problems facing the rearing of broiler chickens according to the independent variables studied: (age, educational level, number of years of raising broiler, number of halls, Type of hall, trend towards raising broilers, contact with sources of information. A random sample was chosen from the breeder community with a percentage of (25%) breeders, bringing the number of respondents who underwent the research procedures to (146) breeders. After completing the questionnaire form, unpacking and tabulating it, the data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program for the social sciences (Spss). The results in the first objective showed that 51.36% of the respondents fell into the category of major problems, which is the highest percentage. From this, we conclude that there are real problems that threaten the profession of raising broilers in Salah al-Din provainc. The results of the research also showed that there are significant differences in the problems facing the raising of broilers. According to the independent variables studied: (number of halls, type of hall, full-time dedication to raising broilers, tendency toward raising broilers, contact with sources of information), and therefore we can conclude that these variables have a positive or negative impact on the problems of breeders. In light of the results and conclusions reached by the research, it was recommended to intensify the work of agricultural extension activities directed to broiler breeders in Saladin Province in general.
Effect of Birth Season and Lactation Stages on the Level of Some Hormones and Milk Yield of Holstein x Janoubi Cows
Authors: Abdulsada Hawraa M. , Kassim Waleed Y. , Hassan Khalif A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study, conducted from October 1, 2022, to June 10, 2022, focused on 15 hybrid cows (Holstein × Janoubi) at different physiological stages, including pregnancy and milk production. The cows were categorized into early lactation (more than one day - 2 months), mid-lactation (2-4 months), and late lactation (4-6 months), further divided into three parities: 5 in parity I, 6 in parity II, and 4 in the third parity. Originating from Basra Governorate, specifically Nashwa Abu Al-Khasib and the Agricultural Research Station at the University of Basrah. Blood samples were collected every two months from the cows and their offspring to analyze hormone concentrations such as ghrelin, prolactin, oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, and growth hormone at the Physiology Laboratory. Noteworthy findings include a significant increase in ghrelin concentration towards the end of the lactation phase across all birth parities, while prolactin peaked in the middle of the lactation phase before declining. Oxytocin levels rose significantly in the middle of lactation, notably in the first parity. Estrogen concentration peaked during mid-lactation for all parities, and progesterone levels notably increased in the final two weeks of pregnancy. Milk yield varied across lactation phases, with higher yields in the early and middle stages compared to the end stage. The third parity demonstrated significantly higher milk yields. The study revealed positive correlations between ghrelin, progesterone, and estrogen, and negative relationships with prolactin, calcium, globulin, total protein, albumin, and glucose during early lactation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of hormonal dynamics and milk production patterns in hybrid cows across different physiological stages and parities, offering insights into potential management strategies to optimize dairy production efficiency and animal welfare.
The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Dried Chicken Eggshell Powder on the Qualitative and Sensory Qualities of the Lohmann Layer Chicken Eggs
Authors: Dawoodi Essam Tahseen , Dalawi Rashid Hasan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the fields of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, for the period from 7/24/2023 to 10/1/2023, the aim of study was to adding different levels of chicken eggshell powder to diet of Lohman laying hens and study the effect on internal and external egg traits. One hundred 28-weeks-old birds were used, distributed randomly among five treatments, twenty birds for each treatment. The birds from each treatment were distributed into five replicates, with four birds per replicate. The eggshell was boiled for an hour in water, and then the shell was washed well and cleaned of impurities. Once the washing was completed, the eggshell was dried in the sun for 3 days, stirring constantly. After the end of the drying period, the eggshell was broken and crushed using a grinder, after which it was ready to be mixed with the feed. The treatments were as follow, T1=control (0%) eggshell powder, T2= 25% eggshell powder, T3= 50% eggshell powder, T4= 75% eggshell powder, T5= 100% eggshell powder. The egg was collected weekly; the egg weight was measured by using electronic balance with (0.01) g, then the external and internal traits were measured. SAS version 4.9 and the CRD method were used to analyze the data, and Duncan’s multi-range test was used to determine the means of the coefficients. Significant differences were found in egg breadth, HU, albumin index, and yolk color. The study conducted that Adding 25-50% of egg shell powder to the ration of brown-laying Lohman chickens led to an improvement in the egg breadth, HU, albumin index, and yolk color.
Effects of ICSH Hormone and Testosterone by Adding Spirulina Platensis to the Feed with Different Protein Levels in Local Male Sheep
Authors: Yas Khudair Ali Abd Al-Hamza , Alwan Hamad Aslam Saud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was carried out in the animal field of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit University, and continued for 90 days from 10/2/2022 to 12/31/2022, using two levels of spirulina platensis (SP), 8 and 12%, to raise the value of the diet with low protein (LP) content, as well as reducing the harmful effect of high protein (HP) on the other hand in lamb diets and to investigate the effect of two levels using some hormones and longitudinal measurements of the reproductive system related to reproductive activity of Iraqi lambs. 24 local lambs were used, purchased from the markets of Saladin Governorate - Iraq, and their ages ranged between 3 and 4 months, with an average starting weight of 20.5 ± 0.9 kg, by randomly distributing them into 6 treatments / 4 lambs for each treatment. As follows: The first treatment was HP (control 1). The second treatment was HP + 8 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The third treatment was HP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The fourth treatment was LP (control 2) and the fifth treatment was LP + 8 g SP/1 kg feed. Concentrate and the sixth treatment, LP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The results of the study indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the levels of interstitial-cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) and testosterone (Testo) when adding LP on day 90. On the other hand, adding spirulina at a level of 12 g caused a significant effect (P<0.05) on ICSH and Testo on day 45, and on day 90 only Testos was affected. The interaction between HP and SP at a level of 12 grams showed significant differences in ICSH and Testo. Also, the interaction between HP and SP at a concentration of 12 g caused an increase in measurements of both the length, width, and circumference of the testicle. Scrotal height was also affected by the interaction between LP and the 12 g SP concentration.
Effect of Adding Zeolite in Water on The Growth Performance of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Reared in Recirculation Aquaculture System
Authors: Farhan Mohammed Hamed , Naser Ahmed Salahudeen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in the Fish Laboratory / College of Agriculture / Anbar University / Iraq for a period of 12 weeks and for the period from 1/5/2023 to 12/8/2023, except for the two-week adaptation period before the start of the study, In this study, the effect of natural zeolite on growth performance, was tested, in addition to the water characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) fingerlings cultured in a closed recirculating water system, The study included 7 treatments, each treatment was divided into 3 replicates, in each replicate (10 fish) with an initial weight of (25 ± 1) g, the first treatment (control treatment), Zeolite was added to the rest of the treatments in two ways, the first (inside the filter) in proportions (5, 10, 15) g/L for the second, third, and fourth treatments, respectively, In the second method, add zeolite (inside the rearing tanks with mesh bags) in proportions (5, 10, 15) g/L for the fifth, sixth, and seventh treatments, respectively, The results of the study showed a significant increase for treatments T2, T3, and T5 over treatment T7 in total weight gain(T.W.G), daily weight gain (D.W.G), relative growth rate(R.G.R), and specific growth rate (S.G.R).
Effect of Same Nutritional Components on the Enzyme Activity of Some Fungal Isolate (Aspergillus niger) in Common Carp Diets (Syprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Hasan Al-Gharrawi Ali Hussein 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of using powdered (Asperjillius niger) in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 72 fish were used, with an average weight of 3.24 g/fish, distributed randomly into three treatments, with three replicates for each treatment (6/fish / tank). Three diets were made with identical content and different addition percentages. The percentage of 33%, 66%, and 100% were used for treatments, T1, T2, and T3, respectively in addition to the compatriot treatment, which was devoid of Asperjillius. n powder. The fish were fed for 30 days with 4% of the biomass. The results indicated that the protease enzymes (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) were distributed along digestive tract of the studied part (Anterior, middle, and Posterior) of the intestine. The results of statistical analysis also indicated that the value of the posterior part of the intestine differed significantly (P≤0.05) from those recorded in the Anterior and middle part of intestine. The three treatments showed the highest enzymatic activity (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) after 30 days of feeding the fish, which differed significantly with the Posterior part of the intestine for all treatments, while the highest enzymatic activity was recorded in the middle part of the intestine. This study showed that (Aspergillius niger) can be substituted for soybean meal up to 100% without there being a negative effect on the enzymatic activity of the (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) enzymes.