bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on dimple suppression in multi-point flexible stretch forming of parabolic spherical part
Authors: Cheng Yan-yan , Yu Bin , Gao Yu-zhen , Xing Jian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multi-point flexible stretch-forming process applies the idea of discretization to the die and clamp of stretch-forming, so that the die and clamp have high flexibility at the same time. Because the surface of the multi-point die is discontinuous, the sheet metal will produce the dimple during the forming process, which will affect the forming effect. To suppress the dimple, this paper takes parabolic spherical parts as the research object, and discusses the influence of swinging unit and discrete elastic cushion on the dimples of forming parts by numerical simulation. The results show that the strain and thickness distribution are more uniform and the dimples on the surface of the forming parts are obviously reduced when the swinging unit is used. The use of discrete elastic cushions on the fixed unit and the swinging unit can further suppress the dimples of the forming part and improve the forming accuracy. To verify the correctness of the numerical simulation, the multi-point die for swinging unit with discrete elastic cushion was used to carry out the flexible stretch-forming test of the parabolic spherical part. The test results are in agreement with the numerical simulation results, which shows that the methods are reliable and feasible.
Integrated design and performance optimization of three-electrode sliding discharge plasma power supply
Authors: ZHENG 郑 Borui 博睿 , WANG 王 Linwu 林武 , ZHANG 张 Jianbo 剑波 , QI 齐 Shaojie 少杰 , CHEN 陈 Yuhong 昱宏 , LIU 刘 Haodong 浩东 , BIAN 卞 Dongliang 栋梁 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The three-electrode sliding dielectric barrier discharge (TES-DBD) plasma actuator significantly enhances the ionization rate and momentum exchange between charged particles and neutral particles by incorporating a parallel DC electrode into the standard DBD design. This design improves the body force and induced jet velocity while allowing flexible control of the induced jet angle, overcoming the limitations of discharge extension and uncontrollable direction in traditional DBD plasma actuators. An integrated plasma power supply has been designed specifically for TES-DBD plasma actuators, streamlining the power supply management. The methodology involves designing the circuit topology for the TES-DBD power supply, followed by simulating and validating its operating principles using Multisim software. The operational performance of the power supply is evaluated through a comprehensive analysis of its electrical, thermal, and aerodynamic properties specific to TES-DBD plasma actuation.
Characteristics of divertor heat flux distribution with an island divertor configuration on the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: YANG 杨 Yutong 雨桐 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , YAN 严 Wei 伟 , SHU 舒 Shuangbao 双宝 , HUA 华 Jiankun 建坤 , ZHOU 周 Song 松 , YANG 杨 Qinghu 庆虎 , GUO 郭 Jinlong 金龙 , JIN 金 Ziyang 子阳 , (谢伟) Wei XIE , Team the J-TEXT 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
On J-TEXT, the temporal evolution of heat flux distribution on the high-field side (HFS) divertor plate has been measured by an infrared (IR) camera during the plasma operation with an island divertor configuration. In experiments, the island divertor configuration is an edge magnetic island chain structure surrounded by stochastic layers, which can be induced by resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). The experimental results show that the heat flux distribution on the HFS target plate depends significantly on the edge magnetic topology. Furthermore, the impact of hydrogen fueling using supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) on the divertor heat flux distributions is studied on J-TEXT with an island divertor configuration. It has been observed that power detachment can be achieved when the radiation front approaches the last closed flux surface (LCFS) after each SMBI pulse. This result may provide a method of access for divertor detachment on a fusion device with a three-dimensional (3D) boundary magnetic structure.
A novel SiC VD-MOSFET with optimized P-type shielding structure in JFET region for improved short circuit robustness
Authors: Guo Zhijia , Zhai Dongyuan , Lu Jiwu , Tu Chunming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the short-circuit characteristics of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Vertical Double-Implanted Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (VD-MOSFET) utilizing TCAD tools. Expanding upon the conventional VD-MOSFET structure, a novel 900 V SiC VD-MOSFET with two P-type shielding layers introduced in JFET region (PW-MOSFET), is proposed and designed. In contrast to the traditional VD-MOSFET, PW-MOSFET not only significantly improves short-circuit (SC) reliability but also optimizes static performance. Simulation results reveal that PW-MOSFET demonstrates notably superior SC performance at a DC link voltage of 600 V compared to the traditional VDMOSFET, with a 63% increase in Short-Circuit Withstand Time (SCWT) and a 25% enhancement in Baliga Figure of Merit (FOM). The key factor contributing to this performance enhancement is attributed to the advantageous role of the P-type shielding layers, facilitating adjustments in the current flow path, thereby suppressing saturation current and enhancing the reliability of short-circuit events. Furthermore, the issue of increased characteristic on-state resistance (Ron,sp) resulting from the introduction of the P-type shielding layers is addressed by augmenting the doping concentration in the JFET region.
SAMP Rao algorithm based minimization of the roughness of milled surface of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Sahu Neelesh Kumar , Patel Ruchi , Verma Ashok Kumar , Khaparkar Shailesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to solve optimization problems including machining responses as objectives, this study suggests a parameter-less method called the self-adaptive multi population (SAMP) Rao algorithm that does not rely on metaphors. When machining titanium alloys, achieving a good surface quality is a difficult process. In the current study, an effort has been made to reduce surface roughness during milling Ti-6Al-4V. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in the experiment design to create a model for surface roughness using cutting parameters as variables. The developed model was tested in additional tests in addition to the primary experiments. It was shown that cutter speed and feed rate had the biggest effects on milled roughness, whereas depth of cut had very little of an impact. The model’s quality is demonstrated by the correlation coefficient (R2) 98%, which indicates that the model can explain 98% of the data. Later, a response surface-based desirability technique was used to minimize roughness of milled surface. The outcome of the proposed algorithm is compared with RSM optimizer. It has been noted that the outcomes achieved with the SAMP approach are more advantageous than RSM approach and found 18% minimum value of roughness of milled surface. Main reason to get better result in case of SAMP Rao algorithm is that it is based on the iterative search process with random values of cutting parameters with in defined range. SAMP Rao Algorithm provides cutting settings of 133.5 m min−1, 0.13 mm/tooth feed rate, and 2.06 mm of milling depth along with a minimal roughness of milled surface of 0.37 μm.
Automating the discovery of partial differential equations in dynamical systems
Authors: Li Weizhen , Carvalho Rui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Identifying partial differential equations (PDEs) from data is crucial for understanding the governing mechanisms of natural phenomena, yet it remains a challenging task. We present an extension to the ARGOS framework, ARGOS-RAL, which leverages sparse regression with the recurrent adaptive lasso to identify PDEs from limited prior knowledge automatically. Our method automates calculating partial derivatives, constructing a candidate library, and estimating a sparse model. We rigorously evaluate the performance of ARGOS-RAL in identifying canonical PDEs under various noise levels and sample sizes, demonstrating its robustness in handling noisy and non-uniformly distributed data. We also test the algorithm’s performance on datasets consisting solely of random noise to simulate scenarios with severely compromised data quality. Our results show that ARGOS-RAL effectively and reliably identifies the underlying PDEs from data, outperforming the sequential threshold ridge regression method in most cases. We highlight the potential of combining statistical methods, machine learning, and dynamical systems theory to automatically discover governing equations from collected data, streamlining the scientific modeling process.
Introduction: Nobody Understands Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Stuckey W M , Silberstein Michael , McDevitt Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 points out that the mystery of entanglement has led Physics Nobel Laureates to claim “nobody understands quantum mechanics.” The Chapter goes on to introduce: the EPR and EPR–Bell paradoxes, various attempts to resolve them, our proposed resolution whereby the relativity principle (no preferred reference frame, NPRF) justifies the Planck postulate (NPRF + h) exactly like the relativity principle justifies the light postulate (NPRF + c), the Planck postulate as a result of Information Invariance & Continuity from quantum information theory, the importance of the relativity principle, subjective versus objective spacetime models of reality, spacelike and timelike relations in spacetime, and four experiments leading to our Poincaré symmetric ontology.
The Mystery: Mermin’s Device
Authors: Stuckey W M , Silberstein Michael , McDevitt Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 reviews Mermin’s presentation of the mystery of entanglement for the general reader with its simple Bell inequality violation by QM. Chapter 2 goes on to introduce spin angular momentum, the Planck-Einstein relation, and Mermin’s challenge, i.e., Mermin’s call for an explanation of entanglement for the general reader that does not violate local causality or statistical independence.
A Precedent: Special Relativity
Authors: Stuckey W M , Silberstein Michael , McDevitt Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 briefly reviews the history of special relativity, including FitzGerald–Lorentz (or length) contraction, the light postulate, aether theory, emission theory, the speed of light from Maxwell’s equations, the Michelson–Morley experiment, and wave interference.
Einstein’s Principle or Reichenbach’s?
Authors: Stuckey W M , Silberstein Michael , McDevitt Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 presents the constructive bias associated with Newtonian mechanics. Since Newtonian mechanics follows from QM (h goes to zero) and SR (c goes to infinity), which are both principle theories based on NPRF, we argue the constructive bias is ill-founded. In QM the constructive bias is reflected by Reichenbach’s Principle applied to the Bell state correlations, i.e., Bell state correlations should be explained causally. Zigzag or co-causation as an alternative associated with all-at-once retrocausality using colliders is introduced and dismissed using an analogy with SR.
Schrodinger’s Cat and Wigner’s Friend
Authors: Stuckey W M , Silberstein Michael , McDevitt Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In Sub-Chapter 9D we present Schrödingerös Cat and Wigner’s Friend showing how the assumptions leading to the absurdity or contradiction are nonstarters on our view. Whenever one does measure a variable for some quantum, the outcome will become part of the self-consistent, shared information between observers satisfying intersubjective agreement on the model. The new scientific worldview given by our constraint-based, principle account of quantum mechanics guarantees it.
Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for the differential diagnosis of porokeratosis from clinical mimickers: a preliminary study
Authors: Tognetti Linda , Cappilli Simone , Falcinelli Francesca , Soglia Simone , Lacarrubba Francesco , Maione Vincenzo , Ricci Costantino , Suppa Mariano , Venturini Marina , Cinotti Elisa , Di Stefani Alessandro , Perrot Jean Luc , Rubegni Pietro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Porokeratosis variants are relatively rare and can be clinically misdiagnosed with several common papulokeratotic mimickers. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new technology able to explore the skin in vivo up to a depth of 500 µm.

Objectives
To investigate the role of LC-OCT in the diagnosis of many porokeratosis variants in a preliminary study.

Method
In total, 130 LC-OCT images were obtained from 98 patients, 45 affected by a porokeratosis variant (69 images) and 53 with a mimicker condition (61 images).

Results
We found almost perfect interobserver agreement for LC-OCT image interpretation and perfect correspondence with the findings from histological slides. In addition, a series of morphological in vivo and three-dimensional features related to the cornoid lamella were detected by LC-OCT that were not visible from the histology.

Conclusions
This device can be proposed to assist with rapid bedside noninvasive differentiation of porokeratosis variants from their mimickers, possibly sparing incisional biopsy in patients where the diagnosis is uncertain.
Aging and chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, therapy, management and the role of immunity
Authors: Tang Yukun , Jiang Jipin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Du Dunfeng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now an unquestionable progressive condition that affects more than 10% of the general population worldwide, and has emerged as one of the most important causes of global mortality. It is clear that the prevalence of CKD among the aging population is significantly elevated. It involves a broad range of complex and poorly understood concerns in older adults such as frailty, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and even cognitive and mental dysfunction. In kidneys, renal function such as glomerular filtration, urine concentration and dilution, and homeostasis of sodium and potassium, can be influenced by the aging process. In addition, it is worth noting that CKD and end-stage kidney disease patients often have accompanying activation of immune system and inflammation, involving both the innate and adaptive immune system. Based on this background, in this review article we attempt to summarize the epidemiological characteristics of CKD in the aging population, discuss the immunological mechanisms in aging-related CKD, and furnish the reader with processes for the therapy and management of elderly patients with CKD.
Cardiac remodelling during pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease and systemic left ventricle
Authors: Egbe Alexander C , Miranda William R , Jain C Charles , Burchill Luke J , Young Kathleen A , Rose Carl H , Karnakoti Snigdha , Ahmed Marwan H , Connolly Heidi M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Women with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of pregnancy-related adverse outcomes (PRAO). The purpose of this study was to assess temporal changes in cardiac structure and function (cardiac remodelling) during pregnancy, and the association with PRAO in women with CHD.

Methods and results
Retrospective study of pregnant women with CHD and serial echocardiograms (2003–2021). Cardiac structure and function were assessed at pre-specified time points: prepregnancy, early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and postnatal period. PRAO was defined as the composite of maternal cardiovascular, obstetric, and neonatal complications. The study comprised 81 women with CHD (age, 29 ± 5 years). Compared to the baseline echocardiogram, there was a relative increase in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (relative change 13 ± 5%, P &lt; 0.001, in early pregnancy; and 18 ± 5%, P &lt; 0.001, in late pregnancy). There was a relative decrease in right ventricle free wall strain (RVFWS) (relative change −11 ± 3%, P &lt; 0.001, in late pregnancy; and −11 ± 4%, P = 0.003, in postnatal period), and a relative decrease in RVFWS/RVSP (relative change, −10 ± 5%, P = 0.02 in early pregnancy, −26 ± 7%, P &lt; 0.001, in late pregnancy, and −14 ± 5%, P &lt; 0.001, in postnatal period). Baseline right ventricular to pulmonary arterial (RV–PA) coupling, and temporal change in RV–PA coupling were associated with PRAO, after adjustment for maternal age and severity of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion
Women with CHD had a temporal decrease in RV systolic function and RV–PA coupling, and these changes were associated with PRAO. Further studies are required to delineate the aetiology of deterioration in RV–PA coupling during pregnancy, and the long-term implications of right heart dysfunction observed in the postnatal period.
Association of PCSK9 inhibitors with mortality: insights from a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Huang Chi-Hsien , Wang Shiow-Ing , Fan Frank S , Lu Hsueh-Ju , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are effective in reducing cardiovascular events, but their impact on all-cause mortality and medical utilization compared to statins is unclear. This study investigated PCSK9 inhibitor use and its impact on mortality and medical utilization vs. statins, using TriNetX database data with up to 9 years of follow-up.

Methods and results
This retrospective cohort study analysed TriNetX data spanning 1 July 2015, to 31 December 2023, including 79 194 PCSK9 inhibitor users (alirocumab, evolocumab, inclisiran) and 5 437 513 statin users with hyperlipidaemia. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and medical utilization, including hospital inpatient services, emergency department visits, critical care, and mechanical ventilation. Propensity score matching showed that PCSK9 inhibitor use was associated with a 28.3% lower risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.717, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.673–0.763] and significant reductions in medical utilization (hospital inpatient services usage: aHR 0.692, 95% CI: 0.664–0.721; emergency department services: aHR 0.756, 95% CI: 0.726–0.788; critical care services: aHR 0.619, 95% CI: 0.578–0.664; and mechanical ventilation: aHR 0.537, 95% CI: 0.484–0.596) compared to statins. These findings were consistent across various demographics and clinical subgroups. The sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings.

Conclusion
PCSK9 inhibitors significantly reduced all-cause mortality and medical utilization compared to statins, suggesting their important role in dyslipidaemia management, particularly for statin-naïve or intolerant patients. Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Segmentation-free measurement of locomotor frequency in Caenorhabditis elegans using image invariants
Authors: Ji Hongfei , Chen Dian , Fang-Yen Christopher 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An animal's locomotor rate is an important indicator of its motility. In studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), assays of the frequency of body bending waves have often been used to discern the effects of mutations, drugs, or aging. Traditional manual methods for measuring locomotor frequency are low in throughput and subject to human error. Most current automated methods depend on image segmentation, which requires high image quality and is prone to errors. Here, we describe an algorithm for automated estimation of C. elegans locomotor frequency using image invariants, i.e. shape-based parameters that are independent of object translation, rotation, and scaling. For each video frame, the method calculates a combination of 8 Hu's moment invariants and a set of maximally stable extremal regions (MSER) invariants. The algorithm then calculates the locomotor frequency by computing the autocorrelation of the time sequence of the invariant ensemble. Results of our method show excellent agreement with manual or segmentation-based results over a wide range of frequencies. We show that compared to a segmentation-based method that analyzes a worm's shape and a method based on video covariance, our technique is more robust to low image quality and background noise. We demonstrate the system's capabilities by testing the effects of serotonin and serotonin pathway mutations on C. elegans locomotor frequency.
Report on the Academic Round Table, 30 April 2024, New York City: Freedom of Online Communication Across Transatlantic Borders
Authors: Ollig Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG), the Leibniz Institute for Media Research | Hans Bredow Institute (HBI), the Columbia Global Freedom of Expression and the UNESCO Chair on Freedom of Communication and Information co-hosted an academic workshop in New York City on 30 April 2024. European and US experts examined the current state of freedom of expression on digital platforms on both sides of the Atlantic. The round table took place as part of the Year of Science 2024 in Germany. To celebrate the 75th anniversary of the German Basic Law (‘Grundgesetz’), this Year of Science has ‘Freedom’ as its central theme. This provided an excellent opportunity to examine the various understandings of freedom as it relates to communication rights and free speech between the US and Europe. The full extent of mutual learning opportunities remains untapped, and the practical implications are vast.
Enricommender: Business Intelligence for User Interface Design
Authors: Ciarrone Alexis , Leiva Luis A , Dubiel Mateusz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Graphical user interface (GUI) browsing and retrieval tools are becoming essential to interaction design research and practice. These tools allow GUI designers to browse large amounts of data and recover inspiring or relevant designs for their task. Unfortunately, data-driven market analysis or business intelligence (BI) applied to GUIs have mostly been left aside. To address this research gap, we elicit designers’ needs and responses regarding the development of Enricommender, a high-fidelity prototype of a market analysis recommender and reporting system. We identify and discuss key design challenges, as reported by more than 200 real-world designers, as well as their workflows and overall expectations towards such a BI system. Ultimately, this article sets the foundation for developing future GUI-oriented BI applications.
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Insights about ideation and design of graphical user interfaces. Elicited preferences and current practices from 200 real-world designers. A business intelligence prototype for comparative analysis and design recommendations.