bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Sequence Analysis of Geographically Close Grapevine virus A Isolates Reveals their High Regional Variability and an Intra‐Isolate Heterogeneity
Authors: Predajňa Lukáš , Glasa Miroslav 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo evaluate the genetic diversity of Grapevine virus A (GVA), the genomic region encompassing the partial capsid protein gene and ORF5 was analysed from 10 GVA isolates. Phylogenetic study showed a broad variability of the GVA isolates recovered from a limited geographical area (Slovakia and Czech Republic) and further confirmed the absence of geographical structuration within GVA. Moreover, assessment of structure and intra‐isolate variability revealed that grapevine samples infected with SK13 and SK29 isolates have harboured a population of different sequence variants.
Sleeping difficulty, disease and mortality in older women: a latent class analysis and distal survival analysis
Authors: Leigh Lucy , Hudson Irene L. , Byles Julie E. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study is to identify patterns of sleep difficulty in older women, to investigate whether sleep difficulty is an indicator for poorer survival, and to determine whether sleep difficulty modifies the association between disease and death. Data were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, a 15‐year longitudinal cohort study, with 10 721 women aged 70–75 years at baseline. Repeated‐measures latent class analysis identified four classes of persistent sleep difficulty: troubled sleepers (N = 2429, 22.7%); early wakers (N = 3083, 28.8%); trouble falling asleep (N = 1767, 16.5%); and untroubled sleepers (N = 3442, 32.1%). Sleep difficulty was an indicator for mortality. Compared with untroubled sleepers, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for troubled sleepers, early wakers, and troubled falling asleep were 1.12 (1.03, 1.23), 0.81 (0.75, 0.91) and 0.89 (0.79, 1.00), respectively. Sleep difficulty may modify the prognosis of women with chronic diseases. Hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for having three or more diseases (compared with 0 diseases) were enhanced for untroubled sleepers, early wakers and trouble falling asleep [hazard ratio = 1.86 (1.55, 2.22), 1.91 (1.56, 2.35) and 1.98 (1.47, 2.66), respectively], and reduced for troubled sleepers [hazard ratio = 1.57 (1.24, 1.98)]. Sleep difficulty in older women is more complex than the presence or absence of sleep difficulty, and should be considered when assessing the risk of death associated with disease.
TM6SF2 rs58542926 is not associated with steatosis and fibrosis in large cohort of patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Petta Salvatore , Maida Marcello , Grimaudo Stefania , Pipitone Rosaria M. , Macaluso Fabio S. , Cabibi Daniela , Cammà Calogero , Di Marco Vito , Sferrazza Sandro , Craxì Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsWe tested the putative association of the rs58542926 variant of TM6SF2, a recently described genetic determinant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, with steatosis and fibrosis in genotype 1(G1) chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients.MethodsA total of 694 consecutively biopsied Caucasian G1 CHC patients were genotyped for TM6SF2 rs58542926, IL28B rs12979860 and PNPLA3 rs738409. Steatosis was classified as absent (<5%), mild‐moderate(5–29%) and severe(≥30%), Fibrosis was considered severe if=F3‐F4.ResultsCarriers of TM6SF2 rs58542926 (6.3% of patients) exhibited lower serum levels of cholesterol (P = 0.04) and triglycerides (P = 0.01), but a similar distribution of steatosis severity (P = 0.63), compared to noncarriers. Prevalence and severity of steatosis were reduced in IL28B C allele carriers (P = 0.005) and elevated in PNPLA3 G allele carriers (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index and homoeostasis model assessment score, steatosis severity was independently associated with IL28B rs12979860 (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.86, P = 0.001) and PNPLA3 rs738409 (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.46–2.83, P < 0.001), but not TM6SF2 rs58542926 (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.82–2.69, P = 0.19). Variants of TM6SF2 (30.9% vs. 25%, P = 0.40), IL28B and PNPLA3 were not directly associated with fibrosis severity, although variants of IL28B and PNPLA3 promoted steatosis (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06–1.75, P = 0.01) that in turn is associated with severe fibrosis.ConclusionsIn G1 CHC patients, TM6SF2 rs58542926 does not affect the histological severity of liver damage. However, IL28B rs12979860 and PNPLA3 rs738409 modify steatosis.
Ambulance clinicians' experiences of relationships with patients and significant others
Authors: Holmberg Mats , Wahlberg Anna Carin , Fagerberg Ingegerd , Forslund Kerstin 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundAmbulance clinicians (ACs) have to provide advanced care and treatment to patients in a challenging and emotionally demanding environment, therefore they establish interpersonal relationships embracing both patients and significant others. Relationships in emergency care were earlier found to be short‐lived and lacking a holistic understanding of the patient. In their relationship with the ambulance clinicians, it is for patients to surrender and become dependent, which may be interpreted as both a negative and a positive experience.AimThe aim of this study was to elucidate ambulance clinicians' experiences of relationships with patients and significant others.MethodsData were collected from four focus group conversations, with a total of 18 participating ambulance clinicians. An inductive qualitative content analysis method was chosen.FindingsThe analysis resulted in one main category: ‘To be personal in a professional role’ and three generic categories: ‘To be there for the affected person’, ‘To be personally involved’ and ‘To have a professional mission’. There were subsequently nine sub‐categories. The main category was described as intertwining the experience of being both personal and professional. The ambulance clinicians adapt to a situation while having the affected person in focus. They involve themselves as persons but at the same time use the power of their professional role.ConclusionThe relationship with patients and significant others from the ambulance clinicians' perspective can be understood as embracing both personal and professional aspects.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides an understanding of the ambulance clinicians' professional role as embracing a personal perspective, which is important when developing an emergency ambulance service focusing on care that involves more than just emergency medical treatment.
Comparison of different anesthesia techniques during esophagogastroduedenoscopy in children: a randomized trial
Authors: Patino Mario , Glynn Susan , Soberano Mark , Putnam Philip , Hossain Md Monir , Hoffmann Clifford , Samuels Paul , Kibelbek Michael J. , Gunter Joel 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundEsophagogastroduedenoscopy (EGD) in children is usually performed under general anesthesia. Anesthetic goals include minimization of airway complications while maximizing operating room (OR) efficiency. Currently, there is no consensus on which anesthetic technique best meets these goals. We performed a prospective randomized study comparing three different anesthetic techniques.AimsTo evaluate the incidence of respiratory complications (primary aim) and institutional efficiency (secondary aim) among three different anesthetic techniques in children undergoing EGD.MethodsSubjects received a standardized inhalation induction of anesthesia followed by randomization to one of the three groups: Group intubated, sevoflurane (IS), Group intubated, propofol (IP), and Group native airway, nonintubated, propofol (NA). Respiratory complications included minor desaturation (SpO2 between 94% and 85%), severe desaturation (SpO2 < 85%), apnea, airway obstruction/laryngospasm, aspiration, and/or inadequate anesthesia during the endoscopy. Evaluation of institutional efficiency was determined by examining the time spent during the different phases of care (anesthesia preparation, procedure, OR stay, recovery, and total perioperative care).ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐nine children aged 1–12 years (median 7 years; 4.0, 10.0) were enrolled (Group IS N = 60, Group IP N = 59, Group NA N = 61). The incidence of respiratory complications was higher in the Group NA (0.459) vs Group IS (0.033) or Group IP (0.086) (P < 0.0001). The most commonly observed complications were desaturation, inadequate anesthesia, and apnea. There were no differences in institutional efficiency among the three groups.ConclusionRespiratory complications were more common in Group NA. The use of native airway with propofol maintenance during EGD does not offer advantages with respect to respiratory complications or institutional efficiency.
Verification of risk scores to predict i.v. immunoglobulin resistance in incomplete Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kanamitsu Kiichiro , Kakimoto Hisako , Shimada Akira , Nakata Yusei , Ochi Hiroaki , Watanabe Hirokazu , Iwasaki Yuka , Tokorodani Chiho , Kanazawa Akane , Maruyama Hidehiko , Miyazawa Mari , Nishiuchi Ritsuo , Kikkawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundA recent study indicated the efficacy of the addition of prednisolone to i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) as initial treatment in patients with higher risk of IVIG resistance. Several different risk scores for predicting IVIG resistance have been proposed, mainly based on typical Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. We investigated the utility of the risk scores to predict IVIG resistance in incomplete KD.MethodsClinical records of incomplete KD patients who received a single dose of IVIG between 2005 and 2012 at Kochi Health Sciences Center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into an IVIG‐responsive group and an IVIG‐resistant group. The Kobayashi, Egami, and Sano risk scores were calculated for each patient and the proportion of high‐risk patients was compared between the two groups for each risk score.ResultsFor 51 incomplete KD patients, Kobayashi (66.7% vs 47.6%, P = 0.253), Egami (55.6% vs 38.1%, P = 0.274), and Sano (57.1% vs 10.8%, P = 0.068) risk scores identified a higher proportion of high‐risk patients in the IVIG‐resistant group compared with the IVIG‐responsive group, but significant difference was not observed. Sano risk score had the highest OR (6.19; 95%CI: 1.00–38.26).ConclusionsThe proportion of patients identified as being at high risk for IVIG resistance using the Kobayashi, Egami, and Sano risk scores, respectively, was not significantly different between the IVIG‐responsive group and the IVIG‐resistant group for incomplete KD. Among the three risk scores, the Sano risk score has the best ability to predict IVIG resistance in incomplete KD.
Nursery‐linked plantation outbreaks and evidence for multiple introductions of the pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum into South Africa
Authors: Santana Q. C. , Coetzee M. P. A. , Wingfield B. D. , Wingfield M. J. , Steenkamp E. T. 
Published: July 2015

In recent years, Pinus plantation forestry has been significantly hampered by outbreaks of pitch canker caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum. This study investigated the role of Pinus host, geographic origin and reproductive mode in structuring the F. circinatum populations in plantations. For this purpose, 159 isolates originating from diseased plantation trees in the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers. Analyses of these data revealed 30 multilocus haplotypes and that the populations were distinct based on geographic origin as well as host. However, shared haplotypes were observed between populations, showing that these populations are connected, possibly through the movement of haplotypes. A second aim was to determine whether the genetic variation found in these populations of the fungus could be attributed to outbreaks of the seedling disease caused by this pathogen in Pinus nurseries. To achieve this goal, an additional set of 43 isolates originating from pine seedling nurseries was genotyped and analysed. The results showed that the populations of F. circinatum in plantations most probably originated from the nursery outbreaks that occurred prior to the plantation outbreak. Inferences regarding reproductive mode further showed that sexual reproduction has little impact on the genetic makeup of the F. circinatum populations and that they primarily reproduce asexually. Overall, the results of this study showed that the F. circinatum diversity in South Africa has arisen due to multiple introductions of the pathogen and is not due to sexual reproduction.
Sheep Model of Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Using Superficial Veins
Authors: Florescu Marius C. , Foster Kirk W. , Sacks Andrew R. , Lof John , Stolze Elizabeth A. , Fry Gretchen M. , Bumgardner Derek P. , Tysinger Tara , Kuchta Melanie J. , Runge Henry J. , Hadley William B. , Morris Michael C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrent models of animal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) are swine models of femoral vein terminolaterally anastomosed to femoral artery, creating a deep AVF. This feature sets it aside from human AVFs using superficial veins. Our AVF model uses sheep superficial veins to create an AVF almost identical to human model. AVFs were created in six sheep using basilic veins sutured terminolaterally to brachial artery. Presurgery vein and artery diameters were measured. We measured AVFs and feeding arteries blood flows and diameters at 1, 3, and 5 weeks postsurgery. At 5 weeks we performed angiograms, euthanized animals, and harvested AVFs. Four animals completed the study. Three AVFs developed and were patent at 5 weeks; one thrombosed. Animal weight and presurgery vessels diameters predicted AVFs blood flows and diameters. Despite using vessels with diameters smaller than the ones recommended for human AVF, the Fistulas developed. Two animals died before the study conclusion for causes unrelated to surgery. This AVF model is anatomically almost identical to the human AVF and has a good maturation rate. It is a viable model for studying AVF maturation, devices intended to improve AVF maturation, AVF related procedures and can even support hemodialysis needles.
How Language Programs the Mind
Authors: Lupyan Gary , Bergen Benjamin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany animals can be trained to perform novel tasks. People, too, can be trained, but sometime in early childhood people transition from being trainable to something qualitatively more powerful—beingprogrammable. We argue that such programmability constitutes a leap in the way that organisms learn, interact, and transmit knowledge, and that what facilitates or enables this programmability is the learning and use of language. We then examinehowlanguage programs the mind and argue that it does so through the manipulation of embodied, sensorimotor representations. The role language plays in controlling mental representations offers important insights for understanding its origin and evolution.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes
emm28
Clinical Isolate M28PF1, Responsible for a Puerperal Fever
Authors: Longo Magalie , De Jode Mathieu , Plainvert Céline , Weckel Antonin , Hua Anna , Château Alice , Glaser Philippe , Poyart Claire , Fouet Agnès 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the sequence of the
Streptococcus pyogenes
emm28
strain M28PF1, isolated from a patient with postpartum endometritis. The M28 protein is smaller than that of MGAS6180 (NC_007296.1). Furthermore, the 1,896,976-bp-long chromosome presents, compared to that of MGAS6180, an inversion between the two
comX
genes.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence and Annotation of Xenorhabdus griffiniae Strain BMMCB Associated with the South African Entomopathogenic Nematode
Steinernema khoisanae
Strain BMMCB
Authors: Mothupi Boipelo , Featherston Jonathan , Gray Vincent 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Xenorhabdus griffiniae
strain BMMCB (LDNM00000000) belongs to the family
Enterobacteriaceae
and was isolated from the South African entomopathogenic nematode
Steinernema khoisanae
strain BMMCB (GenBank accession no. KT027382). Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequence of
X. griffinae
strain BMMCB with a genome size of 4,183,779 bp and 44.7% G+C content. The NCBI Prokaryotic Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP) revealed 3,970 genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rnf- and Cytochrome-Containing Autotrophic Acetogen Clostridium aceticum DSM 1496
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Bengelsdorf Frank R. , Schiel-Bengelsdorf Bettina , Gottschalk Gerhard , Daniel Rolf , Dürre Peter 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the closed genome sequence of
Clostridium aceticum
, an Rnf- and cytochrome-containing autotrophic acetogen that is able to convert CO
2
and H
2
to acetate using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (4.2 Mbp) and a small circular plasmid (5.7 kbp).
Effect of a 1-week, eucaloric, moderately high-fat diet on peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy premenopausal women
Authors: Branis Natalia M , Etesami Marjan , Walker Ryan W , Berk Evan S , Albu Jeanine B 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo determine whether a weight-maintaining, moderate (50%) high-fat diet is deleterious to insulin sensitivity in healthy premenopausal women.Design/setting/participants23 African-American and non-Hispanic white, healthy, overweight, and obese premenopausal women recruited in New York City, USA, fed either a eucaloric, 1-week long high-fat (50% of total Kcal from fat) diet or a eucaloric, 1-week long low-fat (30% of total Kcal from fat) diet, assigned in a randomized crossover design.Main outcome measuresPeripheral insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (80 mU/m2/min) clamp measured during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, at the end of each diet period.ResultsPeripheral insulin sensitivity (mg kg/fat-free mass/min (µU/mL)×10−1) was not decreased after the high-fat diet vs the low-fat diet (0.09±0.01 vs 0.08±0.01, p=0.09, respectively) in the combined group of African-American and white women, with no significant diet by race interaction (p=0.6). Metabolic flexibility (change in substrate utilization, ΔNPRQ, in response to insulin during the clamp) was similarly unaltered by the diet (0.12±0.01 vs 0.11, p=0.48, for the high-fat diet vs the low-fat diet, respectively) in the combined group of women, with no significant diet by race interaction (p=0.9). African–American women had a lower insulin clearance compared with the white women, regardless of the diet (p<0.05).ConclusionsWe conclude that a short term (1 week), moderate (50%), eucaloric high-fat diet does not lower peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy, overweight and obese premenopausal women.
Coronary flow reserve during dobutamine stress in Takotsubo stress cardiomyopathy
Authors: Collste Olov , Tornvall Per , Alam Mahbubul , Frick Mats 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTakotsubo stress cardiomyopathy (TSC) is an increasingly recognised and diagnosed disease, although the underlying pathophysiology is still unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the catecholamine dobutamine on coronary flow reserve (CFR) measured non-invasively in patients with TSC and controls. Our hypothesis was that dobutamine stress can induce microvascular dysfunction in patients with a previous episode of TSC.SettingThis is a case–control study and a substudy of the Stockholm Myocardial Infarction with Normal Coronaries (SMINC) study. Elective dobutamine investigations were performed focusing on non-invasive measurements of CFR. The investigations were performed more than 6 months after the acute event.Participants22 patients with a previous episode of TSC and 22 sex-matched and age-matched controls were recruited from the SMINC study. All patients with TSC had a previous normal cardiovascular MR investigation.ResultsCFR at low-dose dobutamine was significantly lower in the TSC group compared with controls, 1.51 and 1.72, respectively (p=0.017). At high-dose dobutamine, CFR was 1.95 and 2.21 in the TSC group and controls, respectively (p=0.098).ConclusionsWe could not confirm that the catecholamine dobutamine induced microvascular dysfunction in patients with TSC. However, we found a small but significant difference in CFR at low-dose dobutamine, which implies that the role of microvascular function in TSC needs to be further explored.
Ephedrine as add-on therapy for patients with myasthenia gravis: protocol for a series of randomised, placebo-controlled n-of-1 trials
Authors: Vrinten Charlotte , Lipka Alexander F , van Zwet Erik W , Schimmel Kirsten J M , Cornel Martina C , Kuijpers Marja R , Hekster Yechiel A , Weinreich Stephanie S , Verschuuren Jan J G M 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionMyasthenia gravis (MG), a rare neuromuscular disease, is often initially treated using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Patients who do not respond adequately depend on the use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medication, but these may have serious side effects. Clinical observations suggest that ephedrine can diminish, postpone or even prevent the need for immunosuppressive therapy when added to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or low-dose prednisone. In the Netherlands, ephedrine is not licensed for MG nor is reimbursement guaranteed. MG is a rare condition, and ephedrine might be indicated only in a subset of patients. Thus, randomised controlled trials comparing large groups are difficult to conduct. We, therefore, aim to aggregate data from a small series of n-of-1 trials (also known assingle patient trials) to assess the effect of ephedrine as add-on treatment for MG.Methods and analysisSingle-centre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multiple crossover n-of-1 studies in 4 adult patients with generalised MG who show inadequate improvement on pyridostigmine and/or immunosuppressive drugs. Each n-of-1 trial has 3 cycles of two 5-day intervention periods. Treatment: 25 mg ephedrine or placebo, twice daily. Main outcome measure: Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) test. Statistical analysis: fixed effects linear model for QMG for all patients combined. Secondary outcome measures:Clinical: effects on MG-Composite and MG-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scales; QMG at individual level; adverse events.Acceptability of trial design:number of patients eligible and enrolled; number of treatment cycles completed; patients’ and caregivers’ experiences.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Leiden University Medical Center, No. P14.108. Results of the trial will be reported in a peer-reviewed publication. Regulatory stakeholders will comment on the suitability of the trial for market authorisation and reimbursement purposes.Trial registration numberThis study is registered under EudraCT number 2014-001355-23, protocol no. 40960, V.1.0, registration date 27 March 2014.