bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From stigma to increased social acceptance? Living with Machado-Joseph disease in São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
Authors: Couto Daniela , Sequeiros Jorge , Lima Manuela , Sousa Liliana , Mendes Álvaro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study describes the experiences with the stigma attached to Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) in São Miguel Island, the Azores (Portugal). We draw on semi-structured interviews with persons with MJD, family members, healthcare professionals, and direct care providers recruited through the local patient’s association (n = 28). Qualitative thematic analysis revealed three main themes: (i) the intense stigma associated with MJD in the past; (ii) the current tendency towards increased openness; and (iii) increased availability of information about MJD and support. The findings suggest that stigmatization was more frequent and intense in the past. Still, there is currently a decrease in the intensity of perceived stigma, accompanied by an increasing awareness about MJD within the community. The local patient’s association is noted for playing a pivotal role in raising awareness about MJD in the community and fostering the confidence of individuals with MJD and their families to engage socially, which may help to reduce or mitigate feelings of stigma. This raises questions about whether the diminished stigma towards MJD in São Miguel results from heightened awareness about the condition, a decrease in the social acceptability of stigma, or a gradual internalization and normalization of stigma among individuals with MJD as a coping mechanism.
Cutaneous Signs of Nutritional Deficiencies
Authors: Park Sarah E. , Williams Madison , Crew Ashley B. , Hsiao Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review article highlights cutaneous findings of nutritional deficiencies with a particular focus on conditions that impact the elderly population, who are at higher risk of developing these deficiencies.

Recent Findings
An increasing number of studies demonstrate the importance of adequate nutrition intake in regulating aging processes and the progression of key age-related illnesses.

Summary
Early recognition of dermatological manifestations associated with nutritional disorders can prompt appropriate supplementation and help prevent sequelae of cutaneous and systemic complications.
Possible application of quantum computing in the field of ocean engineering: optimization of an offshore wind farm layout with the Ising model
Authors: Kagemoto Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs a possible application of quantum computing in the field of ocean engineering, an attempt is made to identify the optimum layout of an offshore wind farm with the quasi-quantum annealing method while assuming a wake model that conforms to the standard Jensen–Katic wake model but can be implemented in the Ising model. The optimum layouts obtained in the present study are compared with those identified with other conventional methods such as the genetic algorithm. It is confirmed that the quasi-quantum annealing method works as well as other methods in identifying the optimum layouts, while the optimum layout of an offshore wind farm composed of even more than 100 wind turbines can be identified with reasonable CPU time.
Effect of Sumatriptan in an Adult with Meningitis-Induced Severe Headache: a Case Report
Authors: Hansen Christoffer Kjær Kjærgård , Øzdemir Cagla Margit , Maassen Van Den Brink Antoinette , Amin Faisal Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Meningitis is a serious neurological condition caused by inflammation of the meninges due to infection. Meningitis typically triggers symptoms of severe headaches, high fever, and neck stiffness. In this case, we evaluate the effect of sumatriptan on meningitis-induced severe headache and the underlying pathophysiology. In this case report, we present a patient with no history of migraine with a meningitis-induced headache. The patient did not experience analgesic relief from paracetamol, ibuprofen, or tramadol, but significant relief was achieved after the administration of sumatriptan. While treating his headache, diagnostic interventions such as lumbar puncture were done, and PCR analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid identified varicella-zoster virus. The patient experienced a significant analgesic effect from sumatriptan, possibly due to constriction of the meningeal arteries, blocking of meningeal inflammation, or both.
Towards trustworthy and privacy-preserving decentralized auctions
Authors: Henry Tiphaine , Hatin Julien , Besnard Eloi , Laga Nassim , Gaaloul Walid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBlockchain smart-contracts can be used as service mappers, connecting a contractor with the service provider best fitting desired service requirements (e.g., price or quality of service). The allocation consists of comparing competitive bids using a smart-contract. However, in competitive environments, service providers may be reluctant to share sensitive information offers with the blockchain as it makes any transaction implicitly public. To reconcile data privacy imperatives with the benefits of blockchain, we propose to leverage fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) for blockchain-based sealed-bid auctions. More precisely (i) FHE enables the processing of bids without decrypting them, (ii) smart-contracts gather and orchestrate bids comparison, and (iii) a computation oracle carries on comparisons over ciphered data. Collusion attempts may occur between bidders and the computation oracle. To prevent this, we combine FHE with hybrid RSA/AES encryption to preserve the privacy of the onchain bid contents. Hence, our protocol prevents information leakage onchain and on the service providers’ side during bids comparison. We validate this approach through an implemented prototype.
Freshly Developed Low‐Latitude Postmidnight‐To‐Dawn F‐Region Ionospheric Irregularities Over China on 13 November 2015
Authors: Li Yaxian , Gong Wanlin , Yan Chunxiao , Zhu Kai , Zhang Min , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the evolutional features and underlying driving mechanisms of the postmidnight‐to‐dawn equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) irregularities during the weak geomagnetic activity period on 13 November 2015 were investigated based on the multiple satellite and ground‐based observations. By using the coherent scatter radar operating at very high frequency at Fuke (19.5°N, 109.1°E, dip latitude 14.4°N), China, it was found that the freshly developed field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) occurred within the radar's field of view around ∼04:37 LT and sustained for more than 40 min. The remarkable EPB‐related density and total electron content (TEC) depletions measured by the satellite and GNSS receivers were also observed, which indicates the persistence of EPB irregularities until ∼06 LT. The significant elevation of bottomside F‐layer's virtual height obtained by the Digisonde at Fuke as well as the upward vertical F‐layer plasma drifts derived from a nearby Digisonde at Sanya (18.4°N, 109.6°E, dip latitude 13.1°N) both imply the existence of strong eastward perturbation electric fields after local midnight. These findings suggest that the collective effects of eastward overshielding penetration electric field (PEF) resulted from the substorm onset and rapid northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, surpassed the role of westward undershielding prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) induced by the southward turning of IMF Bz. Thus, the former predominated in modulating the equatorial/low‐latitude zonal electric fields and raised the F‐layer considerably, which consequently boosted the growth of R‐T instability and created the favorable conditions for the postmidnight‐to‐dawn EPBs development.
MEMPSEP‐I. Forecasting the Probability of Solar Energetic Particle Event Occurrence Using a Multivariate Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Chatterjee Subhamoy , Dayeh Maher A. , Muñoz‐Jaramillo Andrés , Bain Hazel M. , Moreland Kimberly , Hart Samuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Sun continuously affects the interplanetary environment through a host of interconnected and dynamic physical processes. Solar flares, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), and Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are among the key drivers of space weather in the near‐Earth environment and beyond. While some CMEs and flares are associated with intense SEPs, some show little to no SEP association. To date, robust long‐term (hours‐days) forecasting of SEP occurrence and associated properties (e.g., onset, peak intensities) does not effectively exist and the search for such development continues. Through an Operations‐2‐Research support, we developed a self‐contained model that utilizes a comprehensive data set and provides a probabilistic forecast for SEP event occurrence and its properties. The model is named Multivariate Ensemble of Models for Probabilistic Forecast of Solar Energetic Particles (MEMPSEP). MEMPSEP workhorse is an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks that ingests a comprehensive data set (MEMPSEP‐III by Moreland et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003765)) of full‐disc magnetogram‐sequences and in situ data from different sources to forecast the occurrence (MEMPSEP‐I—this work) and properties (MEMPSEP‐II by Dayeh et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003697)) of a SEP event. This work focuses on estimating true SEP occurrence probabilities achieving a 2.5% improvement in reliability and a Brier score of 0.14. The outcome provides flexibility for the end‐users to determine their own acceptable level of risk, rather than imposing a detection threshold that optimizes an arbitrary binary classification metric. Furthermore, the model‐ensemble, trained to utilize the large class‐imbalance between events and non‐events, provides a clear measure of uncertainty in our forecast.
Surface Rupture and Fault Characteristics Associated With the 2020 Magnitude (MW) 6.6 Masbate Earthquake, Masbate Island, Philippines
Authors: Llamas D. C. E. , Marfito B. J. , Dela Cruz R. , Aurelio M. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn 18 August 2020, Masbate Island was struck by a magnitude (MW) 6.6 earthquake. This seismic event represents the second occurrence of a strong earthquake (M > 6) in 17 years, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into the characteristics of this event. In this study, we employ Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, seismicity analysis, and field investigations to comprehensively characterize the coseismic and postseismic slip associated with the event. Our findings reveal a 50‐km‐long fault rupture along the Masbate segment of the Philippine Fault, with ∼23 km surface rupture mapped onshore, despite the occurrence of interseismic creep. The slip distribution demonstrates decreasing displacements northwestward toward the creeping section, with a maximum left‐lateral displacement of 0.97 m near the epicenter. Toward the southeast offshore, the rupture terminates at a left stepover of a fault. While the surface rupture appears relatively straight and narrowly concentrated, the secondary ruptures and mapped offshore faults reveal a more complex transtensional fault structure in the southeastern part of Masbate Island. This fault complexity represents an asperity that facilitates high‐stress accumulation and rupture initiation. Postseismic slip persists for several months along the onshore creeping segment. Based on comprehensive measurements of both cumulative and coseismic slip along the Masbate fault segment, we calculate a slip rate ranging between 2.8 and 3.8 cm/year and a recurrence interval of 16–41 years for earthquakes similar to the 2020 earthquake. Our study highlights how heterogeneity in fault properties, including geometry and coupling state, influences the distribution of slip and magnitude of earthquakes. The 2020 Masbate earthquake provides valuable insights into the rupture dynamics and fault behavior of the Philippine Fault in the Masbate region.
High‐Resolution Seismicity and Ground Motion Variability Across the Highly Locked Southern Anninghe Fault With Dense Seismic Arrays and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Song Junhao , Yang Hongfeng , Yao Huajian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFault activity and structure are important factors for the assessment of seismic hazards. The Anninghe fault is one of the most active strike‐slip faults in southwestern China but has been experiencing seismic quiescence for M > 4 earthquakes since the 1970s. To understand better the characteristics of its highly locked southern segment, we investigate seismicity and ground motion variability using recently deployed multi‐scale dense arrays. Assisted by machine learning (ML) seismic phase picking and event discrimination models, we first compile a high‐resolution catalog of local seismic events. We find limited earthquakes that occurred on the Anninghe fault, consistent with its generally acknowledged high locking degree. Whereas, most newly detected events appear within off‐fault clusters, among which four are closely related to anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining blasts), and two neighboring faults host the remaining ones. We further apply an ML‐based first‐motion polarity (FMP) classifier and successfully obtain a reliable small earthquake focal mechanism, which agrees well with the geologically inferred north‐south trending and eastward dipping of the Anninghe fault. Analyses of ground motion variations along two across‐fault linear arrays show abrupt changes in FMPs and obvious frequency‐dependent site amplifications near the mapped fault traces. It further suggests that, at finer scales, the damaged Anninghe fault zone may have split into two smaller damaged zones at shallower depths, resulting in a typical “flower‐type” fault structure. The efficient workflow developed in this study can be well applied for the longer‐term monitoring and better characterization of the southern Anninghe fault, or other similar regions.
Large Porewater‐Derived Carbon Outwelling Across Mangrove Seascapes Revealed by Radium Isotopes
Authors: Cabral Alex , Reithmaier Gloria M. S. , Yau Yvonne Y. Y. , Cotovicz Luiz C. , Barreira João , Viana Bárbara , Hayden Juliana , Bouillon Steven , Brandini Nilva , Hatje Vanessa , de Rezende Carlos E. , Fonseca Alessandra L. , Santos Isaac R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMangrove‐dominated coastlines have high carbon sequestration capacity, but it remains unclear whether tidally outwelled carbon is transformed within the coastal ocean or exported offshore. Here, we used radium isotopes (224Ra and 223Ra) to investigate carbon outwelling in two mangrove seascapes in Brazil across multiple spatial scales. We sampled porewaters to define the source composition, mangrove creek waters to resolve tidal cycles, and cross‐shelf transects to trace outwelling in coastal seascapes. Radium isotopes were positively correlated with dissolved inorganic (DIC), organic (DOC) and particulate organic (POC) carbon across the seascapes. DIC was the primary form of carbon (mean ± SD), representing 85% of the total carbon pool as bicarbonate (75 ± 11%), carbonate (6 ± 5%), and CO2 (4 ± 9%). DOC and POC accounted for 10 ± 6% and 5 ± 6% of total carbon, respectively. Although mangrove waters emitted CO2 to the atmosphere (38–143 mmol m−2 d−1), both bays and continental shelves were a CO2 sink (−2.5 to −0.5 mmol m−2 d−1) associated to chlorophyll‐a enrichments (r2 = 0.86). Total carbon outwelled from mangroves were 3–4 times higher than soil carbon burial at both mangrove sites. Bicarbonate export (27–72 mmol m−2 d−1) to the continental shelf was the major fate of carbon outwelling, more than doubling the perceived capacity of mangrove soil to sequester carbon. Hence, disregarding outwelling as a blue carbon sink mechanism would lead to underestimated assessments of how mangroves capture CO2 and help to mitigate climate change.
Stimulation of cGAS-STING pathway as a challenge in the treatment of small cell lung cancer: a feasible strategy?
Authors: Miglietta Giulia , Russo Marco , Capranico Giovanni , Marinello Jessica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLung cancer has a significant incidence among the population and, unfortunately, has an unfavourable prognosis in most cases. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies lung tumours into two subtypes based on their phenotype: the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and the Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). SCLC treatment, despite advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is often unsuccessful for cancer recurrence highlighting the need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape and tumour microenvironment that characterize the pathological processes of SCLC and how they are responsible for tumour immune evasion. The immunosuppressive mechanisms engaged in SCLC are critical factors to understand the failure of immunotherapy in SCLC and, conversely, suggest that new signalling pathways, such as cGAS/STING, should be investigated as possible targets to stimulate an innate immune response in this subtype of lung cancer. The full comprehension of the innate immunity of cancer cells is thus crucial to open new challenges for successful immunotherapy in treating SCLC and improving patient outcomes.
Altered expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in prostate cancer affects lysosomal dynamics and provides insight into the underlying biology and disease progression
Authors: Nturubika Bukuru D. , Guardia Carlos M. , Gershlick David C. , Logan Jessica M. , Martini Carmela , Heatlie Jessica K. , Lazniewska Joanna , Moore Courtney , Lam Giang T. , Li Ka L. , Ung Ben S-Y , Brooks Robert D. , Hickey Shane M. , Bert Andrew G. , Gregory Philip A. , Butler Lisa M. , O’Leary John J. , Brooks Douglas A. , Johnson Ian R. D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
This study focuses on the role of lysosomal trafficking in prostate cancer, given the essential role of lysosomes in cellular homoeostasis.

Methods
Lysosomal motility was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy of LAMP-1-transfected prostate cells and spot-tracking analysis. Expression of lysosomal trafficking machinery was evaluated in patient cohort databases and through immunohistochemistry on tumour samples. The roles of vesicular trafficking machinery were evaluated through over-expression and siRNA. The effects of R1881 treatment on lysosome vesicular trafficking was evaluated by RNA sequencing, protein quantification and fixed- and live-cell microscopy.

Results
Altered regulation of lysosomal trafficking genes/proteins was observed in prostate cancer tissue, with significant correlations for co-expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in Gleason patterns. The expression of trafficking machinery was associated with poorer patient outcomes. R1881 treatment induced changes in lysosomal distribution, number, and expression of lysosomal vesicular trafficking machinery in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Manipulation of genes involved in lysosomal trafficking events induced changes in lysosome positioning and cell phenotype, as well as differential effects on cell migration, in non-malignant and prostate cancer cells.

Conclusions
These findings provide novel insights into the altered regulation and functional impact of lysosomal vesicular trafficking in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
Sub-surface thermal measurement in additive manufacturing via machine learning-enabled high-resolution fiber optic sensing
Authors: Wang Rongxuan , Wang Ruixuan , Dou Chaoran , Yang Shuo , Gnanasambandam Raghav , Wang Anbo , Kong Zhenyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicrostructures of additively manufactured metal parts are crucial since they determine the mechanical properties. The evolution of the microstructures during layer-wise printing is complex due to continuous re-melting and reheating effects. The current approach to studying this phenomenon relies on time-consuming numerical models such as finite element analysis due to the lack of effective sub-surface temperature measurement techniques. Attributed to the miniature footprint, chirped-fiber Bragg grating, a unique type of fiber optical sensor, has great potential to achieve this goal. However, using the traditional demodulation methods, its spatial resolution is limited to the millimeter level. In addition, embedding it during laser additive manufacturing is challenging since the sensor is fragile. This paper implements a machine learning-assisted approach to demodulate the optical signal to thermal distribution and significantly improve spatial resolution to 28.8 µm from the original millimeter level. A sensor embedding technique is also developed to minimize damage to the sensor and part while ensuring close contact. The case study demonstrates the excellent performance of the proposed sensor in measuring sharp thermal gradients and fast cooling rates during the laser powder bed fusion. The developed sensor has a promising potential to study the fundamental physics of metal additive manufacturing processes.
Characterisation and modelling of potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Dhir Shobhan , Cattermull John , Jagger Ben , Schart Maximilian , Olbrich Lorenz F. , Chen Yifan , Zhao Junyi , Sada Krishnakanth , Goodwin Andrew , Pasta Mauro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPotassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are emerging as a promising alternative technology to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their significantly reduced dependency on critical minerals. KIBs may also present an opportunity for superior fast-charging compared to LIBs, with significantly faster K-ion electrolyte transport properties already demonstrated. In the absence of a viable K-ion electrolyte, a full-cell KIB rate model in commercial cell formats is required to determine the fast-charging potential for KIBs. However, a thorough and accurate characterisation of the critical electrode material properties determining rate performance—the solid state diffusivity and exchange current density—has not yet been conducted for the leading KIB electrode materials. Here, we accurately characterise the effective solid state diffusivities and exchange current densities of the graphite negative electrode and potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate $${{{{\rm{K}}}}}_{2}{{{\rm{Mn}}}}[{{{\rm{Fe}}}}{({{{\rm{CN}}}})}_{6}]$$

K

2

Mn

[

Fe

(

CN

)

6

]

(KMF) positive electrode, through a combination of optimised material design and state-of-the-art analysis. Finally, we present a Doyle-Fuller-Newman model of a KIB full cell with realistic geometry and loadings, identifying the critical materials properties that limit their rate capability.