bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sperm of Hexagenia (Pseudeatonica) albivitta Walker (Ephemeroptera: Fossoriae: Ephemeridae)
Authors: Brito Pedro , Mancini Karina , Salles Frederico Falcão , Rizzi Evandro Apolinario , Dolder Heidi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study describes the sperm morphology of the mayfly Hexagenia (Pseudeatonica) albivitta (Ephemeroptera). Its spermatozoon measures approximately 30 μm of which 9 μm corresponds to the head. The head is composed of an approximately round acrosomal vesicle and a cylindrical nucleus. The nucleus has two concavities, one in the anterior tip, where the acrosomal vesicle is inserted and a deeper one at its base, where the flagellum components are inserted. The flagellum is composed of an axoneme, a mitochondrion and a dense rod adjacent to the mitochondrion. A centriolar adjunct is also observed surrounding the axoneme in the initial portion of the flagellum and extends along the flagellum for at least 2 μm, surrounding the axoneme in a half‐moon shape. The axoneme is the longest component of the flagellum, and it follows the 9+9+0 pattern, with no central pair of microtubules. At the posterior region of the flagellum, the mitochondrion has a dumb‐bell shape in cross sections that, together with the rectangular mitochondrial‐associated rod, is responsible for the flattened shape of the flagellum. An internal membrane is observed surrounding both mitochondrion and its associated structure.
Rule Enactment in a Pan‐European Labour Market: Transnational Posted Work in theGerman Construction Sector
Authors: Wagner Ines 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the micro‐level rule enactment of the posting of workers framework in theGerman construction sector. I examine how actors draw on different power resources in order to influence policies without formal negotiation within transnational workspaces and thereby initiate institutional change. Drawing on interviews with posted workers, managers, unionists, works councillors and labour inspectors I show how transnational subcontracting allows the emergence of different regulatory spaces at national and workplace level. The article concludes that the informal renegotiation of employment relations in transnational workspaces is likely to destabilize the posting framework negotiated at policy level.
A Preliminary Investigation into the Adaptive Learning Styles of Business Students
Authors: Sandman Thomas E. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAn exploration of the preferred learning styles for over 1,100 business students has yielded an intriguing result. While many previous studies have examined the learning styles in different majors at different universities, these studies have been focused on describing the typical student for that major. This study demonstrates that the preferred learning styles of students may depend more on the course than the major, indicating that students may have adaptive learning styles. Rather than having an innate, consistent preferred learning style, business students adapt their preferred learning style to the subject of the course. Further research is necessary to confirm these exploratory findings.
Climate change, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity: the problem and the evidence
Authors: Merilä Juha , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them to climate change. However, controversy and uncertainty has arisen around three levels of inference in such studies. First, it has proven difficult to conclusively distinguish whether phenotypic changes are genetically based or the result of phenotypic plasticity. Second, whether or not the change is adaptive is usually assumed rather than tested. Third, inferences that climate change is the specific causal agent have rarely involved the testing – and exclusion – of other potential drivers. We here review the various ways in which the above inferences have been attempted, and evaluate the strength of support that each approach can provide. This methodological assessment sets the stage for 11 accompanying review articles that attempt comprehensive syntheses of what is currently known – and not known – about responses to climate change in a variety of taxa and in theory. Summarizing and relying on the results of these reviews, we arrive at the conclusion that evidence for genetic adaptation to climate change has been found in some systems, but is still relatively scarce. Most importantly, it is clear that more studies are needed – and these must employ better inferential methods – before general conclusions can be drawn. Overall, we hope that the present paper and special issue provide inspiration for future research and guidelines on best practices for its execution.
Methodological issues of retrospective studies assessing health outcomes of potential clopidogrel–statin interaction
Authors: Liu Yifei , Unni Elizabeth 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objective
Clopidogrel and statins have been commonly coprescribed to patients with atherosclerotic diseases. Clopidogrel–statin interaction was initially described by ex vivo studies, but was not well supported by studies examining health outcomes. This personal view article aims to discuss methodological issues of these studies, especially the retrospective studies assessing health outcomes.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify journal articles of clopidogrel–statin interaction that were published in English since January 2003.

Key findings
The limitations of retrospective studies include lack of central blinded adjudication of clinical events, incomplete assessment of confounders, inadequate comparison groups and inconsistent use of medication dosage.

Conclusion
A well-designed retrospective study may better understand potential clopidogrel–statin interaction and its clinical impacts.
A multiobjective hybrid ant colony optimization approach applied to the assignment and scheduling problem
Authors: Dridi Olfa , Krichen Saoussen , Guitouni Adel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe assignment and scheduling problem is inherently multiobjective. It generally involves multiple conflicting objectives and large and highly complex search spaces. The problem allows the determination of an efficient allocation of a set of limited and shared resources to perform tasks, and an efficient arrangement scheme of a set of tasks over time, while fulfilling spatiotemporal constraints. The main objective is to minimize the project makespan as well as the total cost. Finding a good approximation set is the result of trade‐offs between diversity of solutions and convergence toward the Pareto‐optimal front. It is difficult to achieve such a balance with NP‐hard problems. In this respect, and in order to efficiently explore the search space, a hybrid bidirectional ant‐based approach is proposed in this paper, which is an improvement of a bi‐colony ant‐based approach. Its main characteristic is that it combines a solution construction developed for a more complicated problem with a Pareto‐guided local search engine.
Phylogeography and ecological niche modelling, coupled with the fossil pollen record, unravel the demographic history of a Neotropical swamp palm through the Quaternary
Authors: de Lima Natácia Evangelista , Lima‐Ribeiro Matheus S. , Tinoco Carla Faleiro , Terribile Levi Carina , Collevatti Rosane G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe recovery of demographic history through phylogeographical analysis is critical for understanding microevolutionary processes and the spatial/temporal context of lineage divergence. Palaeodistribution modelling and the fossil record might provide the spatial context for statistical phylogeographical analyses, allowing the generation of independent palaeoscenarios of demographic history that can be tested using coalescent models. In this study we generated independent demographic scenarios to examine geographical barriers to gene flow in a Neotropical swamp palm, Mauritia flexuosa, and assessed how climatic changes during the Pleistocene influenced its geographical distribution and genetic diversity.LocationNeotropical wetlands.MethodsWe sampled 257 adult individuals of M. flexuosa from 26 localities in the Amazon, Araguaia/Tocantins, Paraguai, Paraná and São Francisco basins. The analyses were based on statistical phylogeography, ecological niche modelling and the fossil pollen record. The genetic data were based on polymorphisms in three chloroplast non‐coding regions.ResultsMauritia flexuosa presented low genetic diversity but significant genetic differentiation among populations from different river basins. The ecological niche modelling and demographic simulations showed that the pattern of observed genetic diversity for M. flexuosa probably reflects range retraction during the Last Glacial Maximum, leading to multiple refugia. In support of this, the fossil pollen record suggests that multiple refugia were present in Brazilian savannas, where M. flexuosa often disappeared during cold and dry periods across the last glacial cycle, returning during the wet phases. The periodic dryness in this region was driven by the latitudinal displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) across glacial/interglacial periods, which possibly affected the distributional dynamics of M. flexuosa during the Pleistocene epoch.Main conclusionsOur results provide evidence that climate changes during the last glacial cycle were important determinants of the geographical distribution and demographic history of M. flexuosa across the late Quaternary period. In addition to the geographical barriers imposed by river basins, these factors have shaped genetic differentiation, as currently observed among lineages.
Setting global research priorities for developmental disabilities, including intellectual disabilities and autism
Authors: Tomlinson M. , Yasamy M. T. , Emerson E. , Officer A. , Richler D. , Saxena S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe prevalence of intellectual disabilities (ID) has been estimated at 10.4/1000 worldwide with higher rates among children and adolescents in lower income countries. The objective of this paper is to address research priorities for development disabilities, notably ID and autism, at the global level and to propose the more rational use of scarce funds in addressing this under‐investigated area.MethodsAn expert group was identified and invited to systematically list and score research questions. They applied the priority setting methodology of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) to generate research questions and to evaluate them using a set of five criteria: answerability, feasibility, applicability and impact, support within the context and equity.FindingsThe results of this process clearly indicated that the important priorities for future research related to the need for effective and efficient approaches to early intervention, empowerment of families supporting a person with developmental disability and to address preventable causes of poor health in people with ID and autism.ConclusionsFor the public health and other systems to become more effective in delivering appropriate support to persons with developmental disabilities, greater (and more targeted) investment in research is required to produce evidence of what works consistent with international human rights standards.
Aspergillosis of bones and joints – a review from 2002 until today
Authors: Koehler Philipp , Tacke Daniela , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryPoor clinical outcome and complicated neurological complications illustrate the severity of bone and joint infections withAspergillusspecies. Host predisposing conditions are immunosuppression, intravenous drug use, a variety of chronic underlying diseases and prior surgical interventions. Nosocomial infections may originate from contaminated air ventilation systems or water pipes. Most common causative pathogen isAspergillus fumigatus, followed byAspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nidulans.A. niger,A. tubingensisandA. terreusare rare but stress the need of targeted and adapted antimycotic therapy. Diagnosis has to be pursued by means ofMRIimaging techniques and tissue specimens. Multimodal treatment strategy is based on a combination of surgical debridement of necrotic bone and cartilage and systemically active antifungal treatment. Voriconazole combines satisfactory systemic antifungal effect, high oral bioavailability and good bone penetration. Development of fungicidal cement spacers still continues andin vitrodata show promising results of bioactive cements. Purpose of this review of literature published between 2002 and 2013 was to provide up‐to‐date information on pathogenesis, diagnostic approach and treatment recommendations. Properly established treatment guidelines and prophylaxis for patients at risk are required as the high mortality rate continues to pose a future challenge.
Athenian Black Gloss Pottery: A View from the West
Authors: Walsh Justin St. P. , Antonaccio Carla 
Published: January 2014

SummaryExcavation of archaic Morgantina (c.700–450 BC), Sicily, has brought to light a significant pattern in the distribution of imported Greek pottery. This pattern, which shows a preference for imports with features that referred to metal vessels, is echoed at sites around the western Mediterranean. We argue that the preference for certain types was communicated back to Greek producers, and that it also reflects the particular local interests of non‐Greeks, who associated metallic features not only with wealth, but also with their own ancestral traditions.
The genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the Corso‐Sardinian endemic Ferula arrigonii Bocchieri (Apiaceae)
Authors: Dettori C. A. , Sergi S. , Tamburini E. , Bacchetta G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCorsica and Sardinia represent major hotspots of plant diversity in the Mediterranean area and are priority regions for conservation due to their high number of endemic plant species. However, information supporting human decision‐making on the conservation of these species is still scarce, especially at the genetic level. In this work, the first assessment is reported of the species‐wide spatial genetic structure and diversity of Ferula arrigonii Bocchieri, a Corso‐Sardinian endemic located in a few coastal sites and on small islands. Nine populations covering the entire natural range of the species were investigated by means of AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers. Results indicate that this species is characterised by high levels of genetic polymorphism (92% polymorphic fragments) and of genetic diversity (Hw = 0.317) and by relatively low differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.057). PCoA, Bayesian analysis and neighbour‐joining clustering were also employed to investigate the genetic structure of this species. Three genetically distinct groups were detected, although with considerable overlap between populations.
A case–control study regarding relative factors for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia at a Canadian regional long‐term extended care facility: a preliminary report
Authors: Sawa Minoru , Chan Peter , Donnelly Martha , McKenna Mario , Osaki Yoneatsu , Kishimoto Takuji , Ganesan Soma 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are prevalent and have an impact on the care of persons with dementia. Previous studies regarding predisposing factors have included pharmacotherapy, but other factors may not have been sufficiently studied. We hypothesized that psychotropic medications, past history, comorbid psychiatric disorders and other factors may be relevant factors related to BPSD.MethodsData were collected from patients' medical charts at an extended care facility over a 2‐year period from 1 May 2008 to 30 April 2010. Information obtained included the presence of BPSD, gender, age, marital status, past history, comorbid psychiatric disorder and medication use. Patients were divided into two groups: a group with BPSD (n = 29) and a group without BPSD (n = 10). A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed for the above factors.ResultsComorbid major depression was linked to BPSD (odds ratio = 12.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.31–120.74) as well as to the use of antidepressants (odds ratio = 6.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–41.25). There was a trend towards statistical significance in the relationship between greater use of antidepressants for the patients with comorbid major depression and the presence of BPSD. Past history of depression (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.03) and cerebral vascular accident (degrees of freedom = 1, χ2 = 4.44, P = 0.04) were linked to the presence of BPSD and comorbid major depression.ConclusionAccurate evaluation and treatment of comorbid major depression may affect BPSD. In order to reduce the burden of BPSD on patients and caregivers, there should be a careful and thoughtful diagnosis of comorbid major depression in patients with dementia.
The effect of early group psychotherapy on depressive symptoms and quality of life among residents of an apartment building for seniors
Authors: Wang Chien‐Chuan , Tzeng Dong‐Sheng , Chung Wei‐Ching 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group psychotherapy on depressive symptoms and four domains of quality of life in the elderly.MethodsNinety‐six elderly persons were selected from one apartment building for seniors. The 15‐question version of the Geriatric Depression Scale was used to screen for depressive symptoms. The treatment and control groups each comprised 12 subjects. The treatment group received one session of group psychotherapy each week for 8 weeks. The 24‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF scale were used for assessment at the beginning of group psychotherapy and during the fourth and eighth weeks.ResultsThe Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score decreased significantly in the treatment group by the eighth week of group psychotherapy compared to the control group (4.9 ± 3.6 vs 17.6 ± 6.4, respectively; P < 0.0001). The World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF score decreased significantly in the control group by the eighth week compared to the treatment group (95.3 ± 9.9 vs 80.2 ± 10.6, respectively; P = 0.002) with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale interaction (χ2 = 2.11, P = 0.146). Analysis of the four quality of life domains showed significant differences in the psychological and social domains (P = 0.004 and P = 0.004, respectively) but not in the physical and environmental domains (P = 0.133 and P = 0.147, respectively).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that studies of the outcome of group psychotherapy must control for depressive symptoms. Quality of life may have been mediated by depression in this preliminary study.
Reflection Coefficient Measurement through the Implementation of Wideband Multi-Port Reflectometer with Error Correction for Microwave Imaging Application of Human Head
Authors: Che Yob Rashidah , Seman Norhudah 
Published: January 2014

This article presents the reflection coefficient measurement by using a wideband multi-port reflectometer for microwave imaging application of human head. The configuration of the proposed wideband multi-port reflectometer is formed by passive components, which are four couplers and two power dividers operating from 1 to 6 GHz. The investigation is successfully done through simulation using the Agilent’s Advanced Design Systems (ADS) software and practical measurement in laboratory. An error correction method with three standards of match, open and short load is then applied to the constructed wideband multi-port reflectometer to remove its imperfect characteristics. The wideband characteristics of proposed reflectometer are analyzed and verified across the designated frequency band. Its operation in reflection coefficient is tested with the chosen device under test (DUT).
Hexagon Platinum Schottky Contact with ZnO Thin Film for Hydrogen Sensing
Authors: Mohd Azol Mas Elyza , Nayan Nafarizal , Hashim Uda , Kashif Muhammad , Shafiei Mahnaz , Ling Leow Pei , Arsat Rashidah 
Published: January 2014

This paper reports on the study of the effect on adding total peripheries and sharp edges to the Schottky contact as a hydrogen sensor. Schottky contact was successfully designed and fabricated as hexagon-shape. The contact was integrated together with zinc oxide thin film and tested towards 1% hydrogen gas. Simulations of the design were conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics to observe the electric field characteristic at the contact layer. The simulation results show higher electric field induced at sharp edges with 4.18×104 V/m. Current-voltage characteristic shows 0.27 V voltage shift at 40 µA biased current.
Auditors’ Behavioral Intention Towards Dysfunctional Audit Behavior Applying Theory of Reasoned Action
Authors: Khan Sadaf , Panatik Siti Aisyah , Muhamed Saat Maisarah , Perveeen Hina 
Published: January 2014

Dysfunctional audit behaviors behind corporate fiascos are a burning issue in today’s ever changing globalized business world. After the Enron scandal that saw the demise of Arthur Andersen LLP., a growing research interest in the field of audit quality is being witnessed. With this negative publicity of professional auditing firms, it is pertinent to execute an efficient audit, causes of these dysfunctional audit behaviors should necessarily be identified and eliminated. To help address this issue, the paper attempted to explain an auditor's behavioral intention to engage or not to engage in dysfunctional audit behaviors through the lens of the Theory of Reasoned Action. The study proposed a Theory of Reasoned Action as a guide for a valid prediction of auditors's intention to involve in dysfunctional audit behaviors. This proposed framework is recommended for not only practitioners who engaged in the auditing profession, but also for many other regulators including the board of directors, audit committees, top management, stakeholder, and governing bodies, to enable them take initiatives to enhance the ethics in their work environments.
Effect of a Single Pulsed Shortwave Diathermy Treatment on Extensibility of the Hamstrings
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Alicia , Bello Olalla , Yañez-Brage Isabel 
Published: January 2014

Context:Lack of extensibility of the hamstrings is manifested by a restricion of knee extension range of motion.Objective:To quantify the effect of a single pulsed shortwave diathermy treatment on extensibility of the hamstrings.Participants:Twenty volunteers with tight hamstrings (< 150° of active knee extension).Intervention:Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either a pulsed shortwave diathermy treatment (experimental group) or a simulated pulsed shortwave diathermy treatment that did not produce a deep tissue heating effect.Main Outcome Measurements:Measurements of active and passive range of movement were recorded before and after the treatment, as well as the subjective level of discomfort perceived during the passive stretching.Results:No statistically signifcant differences were found.Conclusion:A single pulsed shortwave diathermy treatment, without stretching, did not increase hamstring extensibility.