bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food packaging use and post-consumer plastic waste management: a comprehensive review
Authors: Operato Luigi , Panzeri Alberto , Masoero Gaia , Gallo Andrea , Gomes Leonardo Corrêa , Hamd Wael 
Published: February 2025

In 2021, the packaging sector emerged as the largest source of plastic waste in Europe, accounting for about 40% of the total demand for plastics. On average, an EU citizen produced 35.9 kg of waste from plastic packaging, with a 27% increase over the last 10 years. Despite advances in material efficiency and sustainability efforts, the average recycling rate of plastic packaging in the EU was around 40% in 2022, significantly lower than that of paper and cardboard packaging (83.2%) and metals (76.9%). The Food and Beverage (F&amp;B) sector is an extensive user of packaging, driving the demand for innovative solutions to maintain food quality and safety while minimizing environmental impact. In light of these challenges, this comprehensive review examines the expanding use of packaging within the F&amp;B sector and the management of post-consumer plastic waste at the EU level. It scrutinizes the technical, economic, and regulatory trade-offs in packaging deployment and disposal, emphasizing the need for supply chain collaboration to devise effective solutions. The study provides an overview of EU regulations on health and safety, sustainability, and labeling requirements for F&amp;B packaging materials and products. It also explores the optimization of packaging for food business operators and supply chain management practices as well as current waste management strategies for post-consumer plastic waste, focusing on mechanical and chemical recycling and adherence to regulatory targets. Additionally, it identifies barriers to adopting sustainable packaging alternatives and discusses the impact of packaging design on recyclability and consumer acceptance. The study concludes with future research and industry opportunities, highlighting innovative packaging solutions that balance health and safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness.
Relative Age Effects and contextual factors in male Spanish youth football: a 10-year cross sectional analysis of U12 to U16 players
Authors: Peña-González Iván , Fernández-Jávega Gonzalo , Castellano-Galvañ Ismael , Moya-Ramón Manuel 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe Relative Age Effects (RAEs) are complex, multifactorial phenomena influenced by individual (e.g., maturity status), task-related (e.g., field position or competitive level), and environmental (e.g., coaches' expectations) factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between RAEs and the maturity status, field position, competitive level and coaches' expectations within a sample of 1,120 young male Spanish football players [mean age: 13.72 ± 1.40 years; weight: 54.09 ± 11.85 kg; height: 162.11 ± 11.38 cm; years from peak height velocity (PHV): −0.22 ± 1.44], across tree age categories (U12, U14 and U16).MethodsData was collected over 10 years (2014–2024), considering the maturity status, estimated using the Mirwald et al. (2002) formula. Physical performance was assessed through tests for strength (1RM), power, speed (30-m sprint), agility (T-test), jumping (CMJ), and aerobic endurance (estimated VO2max). Players' field positions and coaches' efficacy expectations about their players were also collected.ResultsA Chi-square (χ²) analysis revealed a skewed distribution across birth quartiles within age categories (p &lt; 0.05). Pearsons' correlation and linear regression analyses showed significant relationship between relative age and maturity status (r = 0.91; R² = 0.84). The RAEs were more pronounced at higher competitive levels, while the distribution bias in playing positions was comparable to the overall sample, with the exception of goalkeepers in the U12-14 categories. ANOVA results tend to a higher physical performance and coaches' efficacy expectations for players with higher RA in the U14 and U16 categories.ConclusionThis study confirms the presence of strong RAEs over the past decade in youth football players from U12 to U16. Individual and environmental factors, such as advanced maturity status, the intensified selection processes at higher competitive levels, an increased physical performance and higher coaches' efficacy expectations, may contribute to RAEs in a complex and interdependent manner.
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in swine in China: a systematic review with meta-analysis (2004–2023)
Authors: He Zhenwen , Liu Dingyu , Liu Baoling , Zhang Pian , Wang Xiaohu , Wang Gang , Huang Yuan , Chen Jing , Cai Rujian 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans and recognized as a zoonotic pathogen, with swine serving as a primary reservoir. Despite substantial research, comprehensive analysis encompassing regional variations and pig growth stages within China, as well as the influence of recent biosecurity measures on HEV prevalence, remains limited. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with swine HEV in China.MethodsA thorough review of HEV infection studies was conducted using six databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Wipro, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2023. Eighty-seven studies investigating the seroprevalence of swine HEV IgG antibodies and HEV RNA detection rates were included. A rigorous meta-analysis and quality assessment followed.ResultsThe combined seroprevalence of swine HEV IgG antibodies was 58.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.0–65.0). The seroprevalence from 2019 to 2023 was lower (27.4, 95% CI: 26.3–28.2) than that in other years. The seroprevalence was higher in sows (67.2, 95% CI: 55.8–78.7) than in suckling, nursery, and fattening pigs. The detection rate of HEV RNA was 13.0% (95% CI: 11.0–15.0), with fattening pigs showing a significantly higher positivity rate (16.9, 95% CI: 13.2–20.7) than sows and suckling pigs. HEV RNA detection was significantly lower in bile (8.3, 95% CI: 6.3–10.3) than in feces and liver.DiscussionThis study highlights the widespread presence of HEV in pig farms across China, with prevalence strongly linked to pig growth stage, study year, and sample type. The findings underscore the importance of pig growth stage, sample type, and recent biosecurity measures in controlling HEV prevalence, providing actionable insights for improving biosecurity practices in pig farms.
Rapid Identification of Alien Chromosome Fragments and Tracing of Bioactive Compound Genes in Intergeneric Hybrid Offspring Between Brassica napus and Isatis indigotica Based on AMAC Method
Authors: Guo Yanhong , Han Yutian , Gao Jinxiang , Ge Xianhong , Luo Yanqing , Zhao Kaiqin , Li Genze , Zu Feng , Cheng Xiaomao 
Published: February 2025

Distant hybridization between Brassica napus and related genera serves as an effective approach for rapeseed germplasm innovation. Isatis indigotica, a wild relative of Brassica, has emerged as a valuable genetic resource for rapeseed improvement due to its medicinal properties. This study employed anchor mapping of alien chromosomal fragment localization (AMAC) method to efficiently identify alien chromosomal fragments in the progeny derived from distant hybridization between I. indigotica and Brassica napus, ‘Songyou No. 1’. Based on the AMAC method, we developed 193,101 IP and SSR markers utilizing the I. indigotica reference genome (Woad-v1.0). Through Electronic-PCR analysis against the Brassica and I. indigotica pan-genome, 27,820 specific single-locus (SSL) IP and SSR markers were obtained. Subsequently, 205 pairs of IP primers and 50 pairs of SSR primers were synthesized randomly, among which 148 pairs of IP markers (72.20%) and 45 pairs of SSR markers (90%) were verified as SSL molecular markers for the I. indigotica genome with no amplification product in four Brassica crops. These 193 SSL markers enable precise identification of one complete I6 chromosome and three chromosomal fragments (I1:1.17 Mb, I5:2.61 Mb, I7:1.11 Mb) in ‘Songyou No. 1’. Furthermore, we traced 32 genes involved in bioactive compound biosynthesis within/near these alien segments in ‘Songyou No. 1’ and developed seven functional markers. This study not only validates the efficacy of SSL markers for detecting exogenous chromatin in intergeneric hybrids but also provides valuable insights for the precise identification and mapping of desired chromosomal fragments or genes embedded in the derivatives from distant hybridization and potential applications in marker-assisted breeding for medicinal plant via distant hybridization strategy between I. indigotica and Brassica crops.
Spinitectus inermis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in the European Eel, Anguilla anguilla (Pisces, Teleostei) from the Mesima River (Southern Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Milazzo Concetta , Poonlaphdecha Srisupaph , Sperone Emilio , Rima Patrizia Carla , Ribas Alexis 
Published: February 2025

The nematode Spinitectus inermis (Zeder, 1800), a specific gastrointestinal parasite of Anguilla anguilla, has been recorded for the first time in the Italian Peninsula. The study was conducted in the Mesima River, located in the southwestern part of the Calabria region (southern Italy). Over a five-month period, 162 specimens of European eel were sampled, revealing an overall prevalence of 47.53%, a mean intensity of 9.51 (±13.88), and a mean abundance of 4.55 (±10.69). The nematode was present throughout the five months analyzed, with prevalence rates ranging from 32.0% to 57.14%. The overall prevalence in the Mesima River was higher than in most previous studies, and the mean abundance of infection was also higher. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in September (56.7%), October (57.14%), November (48.57%), and December (40.54%), with the lowest in March (32.0%). In conclusion, Spinitectus inermis appears to be well established in the eel population of the Mesima River, exhibiting high prevalence and intensity year-round despite ecological variations, though its intermediate hosts remain unknown.
Association Between Gall Structural and Metabolic Complexity: Evidence from Pistacia palaestina
Authors: Batovska Daniela , Chakarova Mirena , Dines Monica , Dincheva Ivayla , Badjakov Ilian , Inbar Moshe 
Published: February 2025

Pistacia palaestina hosts several Fordini gall-forming aphid species, which manipulate its anatomy and metabolism, creating galls that provide nutrients and protection. This study compared the extended metabolic profiles of P. palaestina leaves and galls induced by Baizongia pistaciae, Paracletus cimiciformis, and Geoica spp. GC–MS analysis of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts revealed a high abundance of shikimic acid and quinic acid isomers, along with diverse hydrocarbons, lipids, terpenoids, phenolics, and carbohydrates, each showing distinct distributions across gall types. Paracletus cimiciformis galls closely resembled intact leaves, exhibiting limited metabolic disruption. In contrast, the larger, more complex galls of Baizongia and Geoica underwent profound metabolic modifications. These aphids manipulate host metabolism, leading to triterpenoid and phenolics accumulation, which likely fortifies gall structure and enhances chemical defense. The considerable variation among individual trees suggests that specific host plant templates significantly influence the metabolic profile of the galls.
Oral enzyme combination in the comprehensive treatment of periodontal disease: a systematic review
Authors: Dernovaya M. A. , Nemeryuk D. A. , Atrushkevich V. G. 
Published: February 2025

Relevance. The rising prevalence of periodontal disease underscores the need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Mechanical debridement of the biofilm remains the cornerstone of periodontal treatment. However, systemic antibiotics are recommended for patients experiencing rapidly progressing periodontal attachment loss who do not respond adequately to conservative therapy. Despite their widespread application, antibiotics do not always achieve the desired outcomes. In such scenarios, adjuvant therapies that enhance the efficacy of standard treatment against infectious agents become particularly important. Oral enzyme combination (OEC) has emerged as a valuable adjunct in this context.Objective: to review the available data on oral enzyme combination (OEC) drugs and assess their potential application in clinical practice for managing periodontal disease.Materials and methods. A total of 939 publications from 2010 to 2024 were identified through searches in PubMed and eLIBRARY. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 publications, including randomized clinical trials, were selected for analysis. The search was conducted using the following keywords: bromelain, trypsin, rutin, periodontal disease, enzyme therapy in dentistry, and systemic antibiotics: bromelain, trypsin, rutin, periodontal disease, enzyme therapy in dentistry, and systemic antibiotics.Results. Oral enzyme combination (OEC) drugs reduce inflammatory activity, limit pathological manifestations of autoimmune and immune complex processes, decrease vascular wall permeability, and enhance antibiotic concentration at the site of inflammation. The efficacy of oral combinations of proteases, such as bromelain (a proteolytic enzyme), and other components like rutin (a glycoside combining the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose), has been demonstrated in dental practice. These combinations have shown benefits in relieving pain, reducing swelling and inflammation, enhancing the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy, and minimizing its side effects.Conclusion. With their potent proteolytic activity and low cytotoxicity, systemic enzyme therapy drugs have become widely accepted as adjuvants to antibiotic therapy, enhancing its effectiveness. The combination of antibiotics and systemic enzyme therapy has shown superior outcomes compared to antibiotics alone, indicating its potential efficacy in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Chronic pain - prevalence, demographic inequalities and healthcare utilisation: a primary care database analysis
Authors: Shetty Siddesh , Scuffell James , Aitken Dianne , Ashworth Mark 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundChronic pain (CP) is an ill-defined condition, often under-recorded in primary care records.AimTo determine prevalence, evidence of health inequalities, primary care consultation rates and healthcare utilisation costs of CP.Design & settingCross-sectional, retrospective study using anonymised primary care data from all GP practices in one inner-city London area.MethodCP was defined on the basis of analgesic medication codes and novel inclusion of diagnostic codes for conditions known to be strongly associated with CP. CP prevalence and consultation rates were determined; comparisons were made with 31 other Long-Term Condition (LTCs). Consultation cost estimates were based on health care professional type and consultation mode.Results358 889 adult patients were registered in sample practices, with continuous (12-month) health care records available for 327 800 (91.3%). CP prevalence was 18.6%; the second most prevalent LTC after anxiety at 21.4%. CP mean annual consultation rates were 15.3/patient, the highest LTC consultation rate. CP incurred the highest primary care consultation costs of any of the included LTCs. Age was the strongest predictor of CP, particularly in those aged≥60 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 9.32; 95% Confidence Interval: 8.83 to 9.84; compared to 18–39-year-olds). Much smaller AORs were found for ethnicity, social deprivation, gender and non-UK country of birth.ConclusionCP represents the most demanding LTC, in terms of consultation rates and costs, managed in primary care. Yet there is considerable uncertainty about optimal management and alternatives to long term, high volume primary care consultation rates.
PERANCANGAN UIUIX APLIKASI TRAVEL WISATA ETNIS DALAM PENGGUNAAN METODE DESIGN THINKING
Authors: Yoanas Sahenda , Susanti Nanik 
Published: February 2025

Ethnic traveling is a tour that aims to get to know the culture and diversity that exists in a region. Our society needs to know and recognize the ethnicity or culture that exists in the region, from children, adults and parents who want to travel culturally or ethnically, need knowledge about a region. Certified Independent Study, this provides a platform for UI/UX designers to create mobile-based travel application designs. The purpose of this design on ethnic or cultural travel I applied to enable a better understanding of diversity and culture. Traveling to ethnic trips that provide information about things ranging from local cultural potential, high-quality local products, safety, cleanliness, order, comfort, beauty, friendliness, and memory are seven magic words that can be used by tourism instructors. In today's digital development, it is undeniable that the use of various mobile and web applications is an essential part of daily life. Thus, UI/UX is very important for users to be interested in exploring the platform and in this research using the Design Thinking method, ensuring that users get a pleasant experience from a given product.Â Berwisata etnis merupakan wisata yang bertujuan untuk mengenal budaya dan keberagaman yang ada pada wisuatu wilayah. Masyarakat kita perlu tau dan mengenal etnis atau budaya yang ada di kedaerahan, dari anak-anak, dewasa dan orang tua yang ingin melakukan perjalanan budaya atau etnis, membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang suatu daerah. Studi Independen Bersertifikat, hal ini memberikan wadah bagi designer UI/UX untuk membuat desain aplikasi travel berbasis mobile. Tujuan perancangan ini tentang wisata etnis atau kebudayaan saya terapkan untuk memungkinkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang keberagaman dan kebudayaan. Berwisata ke perjalanan etnis yang memberikan informasi tentang hal mulai dari potensi budaya local, produk lokal berkualitas tinggi, keamanan, kebersihan, ketertiban, kenyamanan, keindahan, keramahan, dan ingatan adalah tujuh kata sakti yang dapat digunakan oleh penyuluh pariwisata. Pada perkembangan digital saat ini, tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa penggunaan berbagai aplikasi mobile dan web itu penting dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan demikian, UI/UX sangat penting untuk pengguna agar tertarik untuk mengeksplorasi platform dan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design Thinking, memastikan bahwa pengguna mendapatkan pengalaman yang menyenangkan dari produk yang diberikan.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI SERAT PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Patitis Niken , Wahyuni Sri , Dhora Anna 
Published: February 2025

Komposit adalah bahan yang dihasilkan dari gabungan dua atau lebih bahan dasar yang disusun sehingga mendapatkan bahan baku yang baru. Pelepah kelapa sawit memiliki potensi yang sangat baik untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti kayu dalam pembuatan papan komposit. Resin Polyester BQTN-157 merupakan jenis resin thermoset atau lebih sering disebut polyester. Resin Polyester BQTN-157 berupa resin cair dengan viskositas yang cukup rendah, mengeras pada suhu kamar dengan penggunaan katalis tanpa menghasilkan gas sewaktu pencetakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan papan komposit berbahan baku serat pelepah kelapa sawit, mengetahui komposisi dan bahan terbaik dalam pembuatan papan komposit berbahan baku serta pelepah kelapa sawit sesuai standar SNI 03-2105-2006 serta untuk mengetahui karakteristik pembuatan papan komposit berbahan baku serta pelepah kelapa sawit sesuai standar SNI 03-2105-2006. Metode penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu persiapan bahan baku, pembuatan papan komposit dan uji karakteristik papan komposit. Pelakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu pembuatan bahan baku dengan campuran serat pelepah dan resin dengan variasi 1:2 (P1), 1:2,5 (P2), 1:3 (P3), 1:3,5 (P4), 1:4 (P5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa papan komposit kualitas terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan 1:3 (P3) dengan penilaian karakteristik kadar air sebesar 0,5 %, uji bending sebesar 112,16 kg/cm2, dan uji tarik sebesar 40,78 kg/cm2 sesuai dengan standar SNI 03-2105-2006.ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE BOARD CHARACTERISTICS FROMÂ PALM OIL FRONDSA composite is a material obtained from a combination of two or more basic materials that are assembled so as to obtain a new raw material. Palm oil fronds have excellent potential to be used as a replacement for wood in composite board manufacturing. The BQTN-157 polyester resin is a type of thermoset resin, or more commonly called a polyester. It is a liquid resin with a relatively low viscosity, hardening at room temperature with the use of catalysts without generating gasses during printing. The underlying issue of this research is to find out the composite board manufacturing and characteristics of composite boards made from palm oil fronds released according to SNI 03-2105-2006. The research methodology includes preparation of raw materials, manufacture of composite boards, and characteristic testing of composites. The method of this study consists in making raw materials with a mixture of fiber and resin with a variation of 1:2 (P1), 1:2,5 (P2), 1:3 (P3), 1:3,5 (P4), and 1:4 (P5). The results of the study show that the best quality composite board is found at treatment 1:3 (P3) with a water content characteristic assessment of 0.5%, a bending test of 112.16 kg/cm2, and a pull test of 40.78 kg/cm2 according to SNI standard 03-2105-2006.