bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar chlorination engineering induced symmetry-broken single-atom site catalyst for enhanced CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Wei Shengjie , Zhu Jiexin , Chen Xingbao , Yang Rongyan , Gu Kailong , Li Lei , Chiang Ching-Yu , Mai Liqiang , Chen Shenghua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Breaking the geometric symmetry of traditional metal-N4 sites and further boosting catalytic activity are significant but challenging. Herein, planar chlorination engineering is proposed for successfully converting the traditional Zn-N4 site with low activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into highly active Zn-N3 site with broken symmetry. The optimal catalyst Zn-SA/CNCl-1000 displays a highest faradaic efficiency for CO (FECO) around 97 ± 3% and good stability during 50 h test at high current density of 200 mA/cm2 in zero-gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer, with promising application in industrial catalysis. At -0.93 V vs. RHE, the partial current density of CO (J
CO) and the turnover frequency (TOF) value catalyzed by Zn-SA/CNCl-1000 are 271.7 ± 1.4 mA/cm2 and 29325 ± 151 h-1, as high as 29 times and 83 times those of Zn-SA/CN-1000 without planar chlorination engineering. The in-situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveal the adjacent C-Cl bond induces the self-reconstruction of Zn-N4 site into the highly active Zn-N3 sites with broken symmetry, strengthening the adsorption of *COOH intermediate, and thus remarkably improving CO2RR activity.
Exploring replay
Authors: Antonov Georgy , Dayan Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Animals face uncertainty about their environments due to initial ignorance or subsequent changes. They therefore need to explore. However, the algorithmic structure of exploratory choices in the brain still remains largely elusive. Artificial agents face the same problem, and a venerable idea in reinforcement learning is that they can plan appropriate exploratory choices offline, during the equivalent of quiet wakefulness or sleep. Although offline processing in humans and other animals, in the form of hippocampal replay and preplay, has recently been the subject of highly informative modelling, existing methods only apply to known environments. Thus, they cannot predict exploratory replay choices during learning and/or behaviour in the face of uncertainty. Here, we extend an influential theory of hippocampal replay and examine its potential role in approximately optimal exploration, deriving testable predictions for the patterns of exploratory replay choices in a paradigmatic spatial navigation task. Our modelling provides a normative interpretation of the available experimental data suggestive of exploratory replay. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of sequence replay, and license a range of new experimental paradigms that should further our understanding of offline processing.
Nucleotide-induced hyper-oligomerization inactivates transcription termination factor ρ
Authors: Wang Bing , Said Nelly , Hilal Tarek , Finazzo Mark , Wahl Markus C. , Artsimovitch Irina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bacterial RNA helicase ρ is a genome sentinel that terminates the synthesis of damaged and junk RNAs that are not translated by the ribosome. It is unclear how ρ is regulated during dormancy or stress, when translation is inefficient and RNAs are vulnerable to ρ-mediated release. We use cryogenic electron microscopy, biochemical, and genetic approaches to show that substitutions of residues in the connector between two ρ domains or ADP promote the formation of extended Escherichia coli ρ filaments. By contrast, (p)ppGpp induces the formation of transient ρ dodecamers. Our results demonstrate that ADP and (p)ppGpp nucleotides bound at subunit interfaces inhibit ρ ring closure that underpins the hexamer activation, thus favoring the assembly of inactive higher-order oligomers. Connector substitutions and antibiotics that inhibit RNA and protein syntheses trigger ρ aggregation in the cell. These and other recent data implicate aggregation as a widespread strategy to tune ρ activity.
Identification of Meibomian gland stem cell populations and mechanisms of aging
Authors: Zhu Xuming , Xu Mingang , Portal Celine , Lin Yvonne , Ferdinand Alyssa , Peng Tien , Morrisey Edward E. , Dlugosz Andrzej A. , Castellano Joseph M. , Lee Vivian , Seykora John T. , Wong Sunny Y. , Iomini Carlo , Millar Sarah E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Meibomian glands secrete lipid-rich meibum, which prevents tear evaporation. Aging-related Meibomian gland shrinkage may result in part from stem cell exhaustion and is associated with evaporative dry eye disease, a common condition lacking effective treatment. The identities and niche of Meibomian gland stem cells and the signals controlling their activity are poorly defined. Using snRNA-seq, in vivo lineage tracing, ex vivo live imaging, and genetic studies in mice, we identify markers for stem cell populations that maintain distinct regions of the gland and uncover Hedgehog (Hh) signaling as a key regulator of stem cell proliferation. Consistent with this, we show that human Meibomian gland carcinoma exhibits increased Hh signaling. Aged glands display decreased Hh and EGF signaling, deficient innervation, and loss of collagen I in niche fibroblasts, indicating that alterations in both glandular epithelial cells and their surrounding microenvironment contribute to age-related degeneration. These findings suggest new approaches to treat aging-associated Meibomian gland loss.
Gene therapy with feline anti-Müllerian hormone analogs disrupts folliculogenesis and induces pregnancy loss in female domestic cats
Authors: Stocker William A. , Olenick Lauren , Maskey Shreya , Skrombolas Denise , Luan Haitong , Harrison Sophie G. , Wilson Matt , Traas Anne , Heffernan Mark , Busfield Samantha , Walton Kelly L. , Harrison Craig A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For female domestic cats, ovariohysterectomy is the only method of inducing permanent infertility. However, hundreds-of-millions of free-roaming cats globally highlight the necessity for alternative contraceptive approaches. One strategy involves a single injection of vector delivering a fertility-inhibiting protein for lifetime contraception. Recent studies in mice and cats have identified anti-Müllerian hormone as an excellent candidate for this type of contraception. Here, we leverage our recent characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying human anti-Müllerian hormone synthesis and activity, to generate potent feline anti-Müllerian hormone analogs. Single intramuscular delivery of these analogs to female cats using an adeno-associated viral vector leads to a greater than 1000-fold increase in feline anti-Müllerian hormone levels, which are sustained for 9 months. High serum anti-Müllerian hormone is associated with abnormal estrus cyclicity, non-follicular ovarian cyst formation, and a progressive decline in antral follicle numbers, however, the few surviving large follicles continue to ovulate. Unlike previous studies, supraphysiologic levels of anti-Müllerian hormone do not block conception, although they are incompatible with the maintenance of pregnancy. Our findings highlight the complexity of the effects of anti-Müllerian hormone on ovarian physiology but confirm that this growth factor is a candidate for fertility control in free-roaming cats.
Circularly polarized OLEDs from chiral plasmonic nanoparticle-molecule hybrids
Authors: Zheng Jiapeng , Fu Yuang , Wang Jing , Zhang Wei , Lu Xinhui , Lin Hai-Qing , Shao Lei , Wang Jianfang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) supporting the direct emission of circularly polarized (CP) light are essential for numerous technologies. The realization of CP-OLEDs with large dissymmetry (g
EL) factors and high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) has been accepted as a considerable challenge. Here we demonstrate the realization of efficient CP-OLEDs based on the assembly of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and supramolecular aggregates. The chiral plasmonic NPs serve as the chiral scaffold and chiral optical nanoantenna to modulate the circularly polarized absorption and emission of the supramolecular chromophores. We employ different chiral plasmonic NPs to construct various CP-OLEDs with the emission dominated by chiral excitons or chiral plasmons. The CP-OLED showing a high EQE of 2.5% and a large g
EL factor of 0.31 is achieved, as a result of multiscale chirality transfer, plasmonic enhancement, and the suppression of the overshoot effect. The proposed schemes are compatible with the current manufacturing technology of OLEDs. This work demonstrates that chiral plasmonic NPs can be promising candidates in chiral photoelectric devices.
The Water Health Open Knowledge Graph
Authors: Lippolis Anna Sofia , Lodi Giorgia , Nuzzolese Andrea Giovanni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global sustainability challenges have recently led to an increasing interest in the management of water and health resources. Thus, the availability of effective, meaningful and open data is crucial to address those issues in the broader context of the Sustainable Development Goals of clean water and sanitation as targeted by the United Nations. In this paper, we present the Water Health Open Knowledge Graph (WHOW-KG) along with its design methodology and analysis on impact. Developed in the context of the EU-funded WHOW (Water Health Open Knowledge) project, the WHOW-KG is a semantic knowledge graph that models data on water consumption, pollution, extreme weather events, infectious disease rates and drug distribution. Indeed, it aims at supporting a wide range of applications: from knowledge discovery to decision-making, making it a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the water and health domains. The WHOW-KG consists of a network of five ontologies and related linked open data, modelled according to those ontologies. As a fully distributed system, it is sustainable over time, can handle large datasets, and allows data providers full control, establishing it as a vital European asset in the fields of water consumption and pollution.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the intertidal lucinid clam Indoaustriella scarlatoi
Authors: Guo Yang , Zhong Zhaoshan , Zhang Nannan , Wang Minxiao , Li Chaolun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lucinidae, renowned as the most diverse chemosymbiotic invertebrate group, functions as a sulfide cleaner in coastal ecosystems and is thus ecologically important. Despite their significance, genomic studies on these organisms have been limited. Here, we present the chromosome-level genome assembly of Indoaustriella scarlatoi, an intertidal lucinid clam. Employing both short and long reads, and Hi-C sequencing, we assembled a 1.58 Gb genome comprising 690 contigs with a contig N50 length of 9.00 Mb, which were anchored to 17 chromosomes. The genome exhibits a high completeness of 95.4%, as assessed by the BUSCO analysis. Transposable elements account for 56.02% of the genome, with long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR, 42.66%) being the most abundant. We identified 34,469 protein-coding genes, 74.43% of which were functionally annotated. This high-quality genome assembly serves as a valuable resource for further studies on the evolutionary and ecological aspects of chemosymbiotic bivalves.
Prelimbic cortex is involved in the regulation of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in both resistant and sensitive mice
Authors: Zheng Rui , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Jin , Liu Qianglin , Zheng Yanyan , Wang Zhouguang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A primary behavioral pathology in drug addiction is the overpowering motivational strength and decreased ability to control the desire to obtain drugs, which shows some variation between different individuals. Here, using a morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) model with footshock, we found that mice exhibited significant individual differences in morphine-induced addiction. Despite the consequences of footshock, a small percentage of mice (24%) still showed stable morphine preference, demonstrating resistant to punishment. The majority of mice (76%) were relatively sensitive to punishment and showed termination of morphine preference. As a region of advanced cognitive function in the mammalian brain, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in regulating drug-induced addictive behaviors. We found that activating the pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) could effectively reverse morphine-induced CPP in resistant mice, and inhibiting pyramidal neurons in the PrL could promote morphine-induced CPP in sensitive mice. To further explore the differences between resistant and sensitive mice, we analyzed the differences in gene expression in their PrL regions through RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that compared to sensitive mice, the significantly downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as Panx2, Tcf7l2, Htr2c, Htr5a, Orai3, Slc24a4 and Cacnb2, in resistant mice were mainly involved in synaptic formation and neurodevelopment. We speculated that there may be defects in the neuronal system of resistant mice, and caused they are more prone to morphine-induced CPP. These findings are likely to contribute to research in gene therapy, and they may also serve as potential therapeutic targets for drug addiction.
Long-lived photoexcitation probed by photo-induced enhanced Raman spectroscopy: unveiling charge dynamics in Ag–TiO2 nano-heterojunctions
Authors: Pięta Łukasz , Kisielewska Aneta , Warzybok Adrian , Piwoński Ireneusz , Malek Kamilla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work explores Photo-Induced Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (PIERS) as a tool to investigate charge carrier dynamics in nanometer-thick Ag–TiO2 heterojunctions with a Schottky barrier. Due to the light-induced charge transfer process at the semiconductor–metal interface, PIERS provides a significant signal enhancement over traditional Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). In turn, a remarkably stable PIERS signal lasting over 10 days after UVC light illumination cannot be explained exclusively by the presence and the lifetime of the induced oxygen vacancies, so other features of the Ag–TiO2 heterojunction must be responsible for this effect. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), UV–Vis, XPS, and I–V characterization were used to explore charge migration mechanisms further to prove PIERS applicability. While PL showed rapid healing of oxygen vacancies, the correlation of the PIERS signal with changes in the Schottky barrier height and relative changes in the electron density under various lighting conditions indicates that both Hot Electron Injection (HEI) and Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer (PIRET) are responsible for the Raman signal changes over time. We showed that both phenomena can be probed by in situ PIERS spectroscopy. This proof-of-principle paves the way for developing more advanced photoactive semiconductor–metal composites suitable for energy conversion or storage, as well as SERS and PIERS analytics.
Structural identifiability of parameters of Anand material model
Authors: Rojíček Jaroslav , Cienciala Jakub , Fusek Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the structural identifiability of parameters within non-linear physical models, focussing specifically on the Anand material model. The proposed procedure is structured in two key steps: first, a local analysis identifies the most suitable parameters for testing. Subsequently, these selected parameters, along with their admissible value intervals, are evaluated for global structural dependence. Our innovative numerical approach systematically reduces the parameter count by substituting selected parameters with frozen values (constants). The study employs simulations of the finite element method of a simplified tensile test, utilising the Anand material model. The independent parameters identified through this method are then validated against a tensile test dataset. The validation results indicate a high probability that the use of a reduced parameter set yields unique values for the Anand model parameters in the tensile tests, underscoring the efficacy of our approach.
Neuromodulation perception by the general public
Authors: Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Junor Andrea , Kaiser Marcus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of neurotechnologies offers exciting opportunities for novel brain interventions. Public perception plays a crucial role in determining the success and acceptance of these interventions. This study aimed to understand the general non-expert population’s representation of neuromodulation and their preferences for common methods such as pharmaceutical drugs, brain implants, ultrasound, magnetic, and electrical stimulations. We conducted a comprehensive online survey with 784 participants to assess their perception of neuromodulation before and after providing information. We also asked the participants to rank their preferences for different neuromodulation techniques after being provided with information. Statistical analyses included inferential non-linear models and free-text data mining. Our findings revealed that overall, neuromodulation was positively perceived by the participants. Furthermore, providing information resulted in a significant improvement in participants’ perception of neuromodulation. Ultrasound stimulation emerged as the most preferred treatment choice, while pharmaceutical drugs were considered a middle-choice option and brain implants ranked last due to safety concerns. Healthcare providers could benefit from enhancing patient education and awareness to promote informed decision-making and improve treatment adherence. Additionally, stakeholders have to address the existing distrust surrounding pharmaceutical drugs and prioritize the development and promotion of safe, non-invasive neuromodulation treatments.
Fertilizer types and nitrogen rates integrated strategy for achieving sustainable quinoa yield and dynamic soil nutrient-water distribution at high altitude
Authors: Sun Xiaojing , Deng Chenglei , Gao Jiaxing , Lu Jingying , Zheng Yan , Guo Zeyun , Sun Yadi , Wang Chuangyun , Deng Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a crop particularly adapted to high-altitude environments characterized by significant variability in climate and soil conditions Fertilization is essential for providing nutrients and influencing soil nutrient cycling and hydrological dynamics. This study aimed to optimize fertilizer type and nitrogen (N) application rates to improve soil nutrient availability, moisture retention, and quinoa yield. We examined three fertilizer types: compound fertilizer (NPK), bio-microbial fertilizer (BM), and slow-release fertilizer (SRF), with nitrogen application rates of 90, 120, and 150 kg ha− 1, compared to a control group (CK) with no fertilization. Our results revealed that applying 120 kg ha− 1 of nitrogen with SRF significantly reduced soil bulk density, improved water retention beyond 60 cm depth, and enhanced water use efficiency by 9.2–16.2%, alleviating water stress. In conjunction with BM, this nitrogen application increased soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and the availability of phosphorus and potassium, especially during the grain-filling stage, promoting quinoa growth. Elevated nitrogen rates (120 and 150 kg ha− 1) with BM maximized soil urease and sucrase activities, correlating positively with key soil chemical parameters. Additionally, 120 kg ha− 1 of SRF notably boosted quinoa biomass and yield components. Economic analysis indicated that SRF at 120 kg ha− 1 nitrogen provided the highest productivity. These results highlight the importance of fertilizer type and nitrogen rates in enhancing soil nutrient status and optimizing water infiltration in high-altitude soils, offering a drought-resistant strategy for quinoa cultivation.
Theoretical analysis of lipase-enzymatic DKR model for racemic (R)- and (S)- ibuprofen ester in a hollow cylindrical membrane bioreactor
Authors: Ahmed L. Niyaz , Thomas Praveen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the semi-analytical expression of a hollow cylindrical fiber membrane bioreactor catalyzed by an immobilized enzyme (lipase), focusing on the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic (R)- and (S)-ibuprofen ester through the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). This method effectively solves the coupled non-linear system of second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs), incorporating the mass transfer associated with the DKR reaction rate. The DKR rate equations are computed utilizing both enantiomers, which represent the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate within the barrier’s support matrix, where the racemization term is negligible. Additionally, the corresponding racemization of the unreacted substrate outside the membrane is considered, where the enzymatic hydrolysis term is negligible. The dimensionless steady-state solution for the dynamics of the mean integrated effectiveness factor (MIEF) related to convective hydrolysis-racemization phenomena quantifies the local effectiveness factor, which impacts the Thiele modulus and the bulk initial concentrations of a substance within the membrane layer. The Bodenstein number is a critical parameter that optimizes reaction conditions, enhances mixing efficiency, and mitigates mass transfer limitations. The normalized values from the sensitivity analysis are analyzed to identify the key parameters of the present system. The conversion efficiency and limitations of the proposed model utilizing HPM are presented. Our proposed solution compares the semi-analytical expression with the simulated numerical results of BVP-4c using the built-in solver in MATLAB R2023b software, demonstrating good agreement across all values of the reaction parameters. The agreement between semi-analytical and numerical computations demonstrates the validity of these approximation methods. The findings provide significant insights for enhancing membrane reactor design and improving the efficiency of industrial processes for racemic ibuprofen ester production.
Extended crop yield meta-analysis data do not support upward SCC revision
Authors: McKitrick Ross 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Biden Administration raised its Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) estimate about fivefold based in part on global crop yield decline projections estimated on a meta-analysis data base first published in 2014. The data set contains 1722 records but half were missing at least one variable (usually the change in CO2) so only 862 were available for multivariate regression modeling. By re-examining the underlying sources I was able to recover 360 records and increase the sample size to 1222. Reanalysis on the larger data set yields very different results. While the original smaller data set implies yield declines of all crop types even at low levels of warming, on the full data set global average yield changes are zero or positive even out to 5 °C warming.