bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Contemporary Bulk-fill Composites
Authors: Toh WS , Yap AUJ , Lim SY 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the biocompatibility of contemporary bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) including PRG (pre-reacted glass ionomer) materials based on the International Organization for Standardization 10993. In addition, the effect of composite thickness on cytotoxicity was also assessed. Two standard composites, two bulk-fill PRG RBCs, and three bulk-fill non-PRG RBCs were investigated. Block-shaped specimens of 2-mm and 4-mm thickness were cured with an irradiance of 700 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds with a light-emitting diode curing light and eluted with culture medium at 37°C for 24 hours. L929 mouse fibroblasts were exposed to extracts at varying dilutions (1:1, 1:2, and 1:10) for 24 hours. Analyses were performed to assess cytotoxicity, phase contrast microscopy, and quantitative cell viability. Among the bulk-fill RBCs, extracts of PRG materials resulted in the lowest cell viability. At 4-mm thickness, undiluted extracts of bulk-fill non-PRG RBCs had significantly higher cell viability than the standard composites. Chemical composition, specimen thickness, and testing concentrations of extracts had significant effects on cell viability and morphology. Cytotoxic effects of composites on cell viability were parallel with cell morphologic changes. Not all bulk-fill RBCs demonstrated high cell viability (&gt;70%) at 4-mm thickness despite manufacturers' recommendations of bulk placement and curing.
Exploring the Role of Dermatoglyphics in Learning- A Case Study
Authors: Dhankar Charu 
Published: August 2015

The nature nurture issue has been an important debate in all aspects of the individual development. According to Jensen’s heritability ratio, hereditary has an impeccable influence in the development process. Based on these, dermatoglyphics has been used in the present case study in order to observe the innate potential of an individual, to give parents an insight into their child’s hidden potential and to groom them effectively. The present case study is confined to the acquiring methods and unique quotients of the subject. The findings of the study revealed the unique quotients of the subject and the best suitable acquisition method for the subject. Aim/Purpose: To test the methods of learning and unique quotients of the subject with the help of Dermatoglyphics Multiple Intelligence Test DMIT. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 301-303 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12651
Spatial variation in the perception of urban residential environmental, quality of life in Srinagar city (J &K)
Authors: Malik Tanweer Ahmad , Shukla Vandana , Bhat Suhail Ahmad 
Published: August 2015

The paper examined the sensitiveness among the sample wards of Srinagar city – quality of life, built up condition, perception of residents annoyed by various environmental pollution indicators. Environmental quality may be analyzed objectively based on facts & figures .it should also be viewed through the mental map of residents the way they perceive their environment. The way they experience it such an image of the environment is bound to be partial, distorted, & simplified one .the Z-score variate has been used to examine the level of literacy. The spatial variation in perceiving the quality of life & the way to perceive the environment is reliant on the primary source the reason for the variation among the sample wards is due to the poor environmental management & socio- economic conditions. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 250-262 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12825
Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infection and the Status of Urinary Isolates in Pregnant Women
Authors: Parajuli Sharmila , Thapa B 
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently encountered problems owing to significant number of patients needing hospitalization during pregnancy. The incidence of UTI in pregnant women is reported to be high up to 7-8%.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Valley Maternity Hospital during a period of 6 months (Jan 2011 to June 2011). 520 MSU (Mid stream urine samples) from pregnant women clinically suspected of urine infection were evaluated by urine dipstick analysis, microscopic and culture method. The isolates were identified and antibiotic sensitivity pattern was determined by standard protocol.Results: The majority of the patients were in-between the age group of 20-30years- 338cases (65%) and these patients usually presented in the first trimester of pregnancy- 317cases (60.96%). Out of the 520 clinically suspected UTI cases, 232 (44.61%) was culture positive. Out of the culture positive cases; Escherichia coli (E.coli) was the most common accounting for a total of 144cases (80%). Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective drug against the gram negative (Gm-ve) bacteria. Similarly, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin and Cloxacillin were found to be effective agent against gram positive (Gm+ve) bacteria.Conclusions: Screening for bacteriuria is recommended among all pregnant women at the first prenatal visit and in the subsequent trimesters of pregnancy. Prompt treatment of symptomatic UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria is required in pregnant women to avoid complications like preterm birth, low birth weight and increased perinatal mortality.
Knowledge Regarding Infertility among the People of Reproductive Age Group
Authors: Sharma Saraswati , Bhandari Sushila Devi 
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Fertility or the ability to produce children has a positive social value whereas; infertility has a negative social value in which it means inability couple to have children even though after living a normal sexual life and does not use any contraceptive devices for one year. Infertility can be primary or secondary and primary infertility means when a couple has never been able to conceive; secondary infertility means a couple who has previously conceived a pregnancy, but is unable to conceive again after a full year.The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding infertility among the people of reproductive age group.Methods: Cross sectional was done to “Assess the knowledge regarding infertility among the people of reproductive age group "at Gynae OPD of Shree Birendra Hospital. The Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The study population was 110 and study period was 2071/3/15-2071/4/25. Semi-structured questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.Results: No significant relationship was established (p=0.5) between the knowledge about infertility and age. There was approximately equal number of respondents who had knowledge of infertility in the variation of age group. The proportion of knowledge in male respondents (93.8%) is comparatively more than the female (84.6%). The proportion of knowledge of infertility according to the variation of ethnicity was similar to each other. Likewise the proportion of knowledge of infertility by occupation (p=0.216) and marital status (p=0.122) were also not significantly different. Conclusion: The knowledge of infertility was not associated to the age, occupation and marital status.
Theater in Paris
Authors: Duvignaurd Jean 
Published: August 2015

Every year the Paris dramatic critics give a "Moliere Award," the purpose of which is to acknowledge the best performance of the season. I am a member of the jury and take part in the discussions which oftentimes are impassioned. This year, for a change, almost without any objections being raised, we selected "The Caucasian Chalk Circle" by Brecht, performed last winter by Jean Daste and his troupe, the Comedie de Saint-Etienne. Personally, I am pleased with this choice. I deem it a good thing to pay tribute to Brecht (even though it happens after his death) and also to the staging by Daste, who, with a happier and even more delicate touch in his interpretation than that given by the Berliner Ensemble, will not soon be forgotten in France.
Book Reviews
Authors: Groff Edward , Burke William , Salerno Henry 
Published: August 2015

L. Boonerot, M. Le Breton, and P. Legouis, ed., Le Theatre Contemporain en Grande-Bretagne Et Aux Etatsunis, , reviewed by Edward B. Groff Judah Biennan, James Hart, and Stanley Johnson, The Dramatic Experience, , reviewed by William M. Burke Mary Manning, Passages From Finnegans Wake, , reviewed by Henry F. Salerno
The effect of compressing pressure on the microstructure and properties of W-10 wt.% Cu composite
Authors: Ahangarkani Meysam , Borgi Saeid , Zageneh-madar Karim , Valefi Ziea 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The compressing pressure and microstructure and their relationship to mechanical and physical properties have been investigated in tungsten powder compacts infiltrated with copper. In this research, high pressure within the range of 250 to 550 MPa was used to produce high density green specimens (60–80%) by cold isostatic pressing while sintering was carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere. The tungsten skeletons were infiltrated with molten copper at 1300 °C. Scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests were conducted with due allowance for the participation of contiguity in microstructure. It was illustrated that the application of high compressing pressure has a direct influence on the tensile strength and conductivity. The measured tensile strength of prepared composites in this study was in the range of 400–640 MPa.
Remotely sensed debris thickness mapping of Bara Shigri Glacier, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Schauwecker Simone , Rohrer Mario , Huggel Christian , Kulkarni Anil , Ramanathan Al. , Salzmann Nadine , Stoffel Markus , Brock Ben 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite the important role of supraglacial debris in ablation, knowledge of debris thickness on Himalayan glaciers is sparse. A recently developed method based on reanalysis data and thermal band satellite imagery has proved to be potentially suitable for debris thickness estimation without the need for detailed field data. In this study, we further develop the method and discuss possibilities and limitations arising from its application to a glacier in the Himalaya with scarce in situ data. Surface temperature patterns are consistent for 13 scenes of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat 7 imagery and correlate well with incoming shortwave radiation and air temperature. We use an energy-balance approach to subtract these radiation or air temperature effects, in order to estimate debris thickness patterns as a function of surface temperature. Both incoming shortwave and longwave radiation are estimated with reasonable accuracy when applying parameterizations and reanalysis data. However, the model likely underestimates debris thickness, probably due to incorrect representation of vertical debris temperature profiles, the rate of heat storage and turbulent sensible heat flux. Moreover, the uncertainty of the result was found to increase significantly with thicker debris, a promising result since ablation is enhanced by thin debris of 1–2 cm.
Modern glacier velocities across the Icefield Ranges, St Elias Mountains, and variability at selected glaciers from 1959 to 2012
Authors: Waechter Alexandra , Copland Luke , Herdes Emilie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNew high-resolution velocity maps of the eastern St Elias Mountains, North America, are obtained from speckle tracking of winter 2011 and 2012 RADARSAT-2 image pairs. This includes the most complete velocity mapping to date of Hubbard Glacier, allowing for an upward revision of the Hubbard Glacier calving flux to 5.48 ± 1.16 km3 a−1. Combined with historical velocities from feature tracking of Landsat image pairs (1980s−2000s), and previously published results, these new velocity measurements allow for an evaluation of the interannual variability of motion at eight glaciers in this region, due to both long-term force-balance effects and surge dynamics. Multi-decadal velocities at the non-surge-type Kaskawulsh Glacier indicate little change along most of its length, except for the lowermost 10 km where deceleration has been pronounced since the late 1980s in a region that has undergone rapid recent thinning. Interannual variability of surge-type glaciers was high, with year-to-year velocity variations of up to several hundred m a−1. These glaciers were also characterized by distinct patterns of deceleration and/or acceleration along their length.
Thermomechanically coupled modelling for land-terminating glaciers: a comparison of two-dimensional, first-order and three-dimensional, full-Stokes approaches
Authors: Zhang Tong , Ju Lili , Leng Wei , Price Stephen , Gunzburger Max 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFor many regions, glacier inaccessibility results in sparse geometric datasets for use as model initial conditions (e.g. along the central flowline only). In these cases, two-dimensional (2-D) flowline models are often used to study glacier dynamics. Here we systematically investigate the applicability of a 2-D, first-order Stokes approximation flowline model (FLM), modified by shape factors, for the simulation of land-terminating glaciers by comparing it with a 3-D, ‘full’-Stokes ice-flow model (FSM). Based on steady-state and transient, thermomechanically uncoupled and coupled computational experiments, we explore the sensitivities of the FLM and FSM to ice geometry, temperature and forward model integration time. We find that, compared to the FSM, the FLM generally produces slower horizontal velocities, due to simplifications inherent to the FLM and to the underestimation of the shape factor. For polythermal glaciers, those with temperate ice zones, or when basal sliding is important, we find significant differences between simulation results when using the FLM versus the FSM. Over time, initially small differences between the FLM and FSM become much larger, particularly near cold/temperate ice transition surfaces. Long time integrations further increase small initial differences between the two models. We conclude that the FLM should be applied with caution when modelling glacier changes under a warming climate or over long periods of time.
Mechanisms of subglacial cavity filling in Glacier de Tête Rousse, French Alps
Authors: Vincent C. , Thibert E. , Gagliardini O. , Legchenko A. , Gilbert A. , Garambois S. , Condom T. , Baltassat J.M. , Girard J.F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe deadliest outburst flood from an englacial cavity occurred on Glacier de Tête Rousse in the Mont Blanc area, French Alps, in 1892. A subglacial reservoir was discovered in the same glacier in 2010 and drained artificially in 2010, 2011 and 2012 to protect the 3000 inhabitants downstream. The mechanism leading to the spontaneous refilling of the cavity following these pumping operations has been analyzed. For this purpose, the subglacial water volume changes between 2010 and 2013 were reconstructed. The size of the cavity following the pumping was found to have decreased from 53500 m3 in 2010 to 12 750 m3 in 2013. Creep and the partial collapse of the cavity roof explain a large part of the volume loss. Analysis of cavity filling showed a strong relationship between measured surface melting and the filling rate, with a time delay of 4–6 hours. A permanent input of 15 m3 d−1, not depending on surface melt, was also found. The meltwater and rain from the surface is conveyed to bedrock through crevasses and probably through a permeable layer of rock debris at the glacier bed. The drainage pathway permeability was estimated at 0.054 ms−1 from water discharge measurements and dye-tracing experiments.
Nostalgia and La Jetée
Authors: Huebner Karla 
Published: August 2015

This essay contemplates Chris Marker’s film La Jetée (1962) via Svetlana Boym’s conceptualization of “restorative” versus “reflective” nostalgia. It looks in part at the film’s presentation of the protagonist’s restorative nostalgia, but unlike previous examinations of nostalgia’s role in La Jetée, this essay foregrounds the viewer’s own experience of a reflective nostalgia for the film. The author considers her personal and subjective, and historically specific, encounters with La Jetée in relation to how the film may produce a similar nostalgia in others through its storytelling and unusual combination of photographic and cinematic form. Drawing also on Réda Bensmaïa’s semiotic and psychoanalytic analysis of the film’s “pictogrammatic” quality, the essay further considers the possible roles of trauma and masochism in the film and for its viewers, and relates the experience of watching La Jetée to that of watching An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (also 1962). The essay therefore situates both films in the context of historically situated yet ever-changing lived experience.
Taboo Icons: The Bodily Photography of Andres Serrano
Authors: Shine Tyler 
Published: August 2015

Andres Serrano’s photography is often dismissed as being shocking for the sake of being shocking. His infamous photograph Piss Christ (1987) is the oft-cited example at the center of the National Endowment for the Arts controversies during the Culture Wars of the 1980s and 1990s. I return to Piss Christ as a way to expand the interpretative scope of Serrano’s early photographs, which I call “taboo icons” because of their ambiguity and ability to crisscross symbolic boundaries in the unstable space between sacred and profane, thus making his images both powerful and potentially dangerous. Building upon previous scholarship that draws connections between modern and early modern aesthetic practices, I look to the material practices of Christianity in medieval Europe characterized by a sophisticated visual culture that mixed both the physical and the spiritual. The intensifying rejection and reverence of matter resulted in divergent responses, yet the contradictory nature of matter remained central to the ideological beliefs of Christianity where the doctrines of Creation, Incarnation, and Resurrection are at its core. Serrano’s visceral photographs are emphatically material and can productively be read vis-à-vis medieval visual culture. In doing so, this reading changes the narrow perception of Serrano’s early photographs and provides an alternative understanding of his artistic project that reinserts religion into contemporary American art discourse.
Compelled by the Diagram: Thinking through C. H. Waddington’s Epigenetic Landscape
Authors: Allen Matthew 
Published: August 2015

Between 1940 and about 1960, Conrad Hal Waddington produced several illustrations to explain a concept central to his theories of developmental biology. The concept Waddington explained, the epigenetic landscape, was not based on settled science, and its implications were not easy to grasp. Unlike proponents of the most successful contemporary biological theory, Waddington was committed to including all biological phenomena–no matter how complex or unusual–in a single theoretical system. His intellectual style and use of images matched his ambition. Waddington used compelling images to get his readers to engage with and work through his theories. His images used a shifting, even contradictory, set of metaphors and analogical models, from train yards to crafted topological surfaces. Through an analysis of Waddington’s images and theories, I show that taking a close look at what scientific images show and how they show it is important for the historiography of science. Images can be effective at drawing viewers in, confounding them, and prodding them to ask questions; this is one reason images are necessary for science.
Requests in Saudi Pidgin Arabic
Authors: Al-Ageel Hessah 
Published: August 2015

<p>This study aims to investigate Saudi Pidgin Arabic (SPA) as one of the linguistic varieties that has emerged as a result of the interaction between Saudis and Asian workers. Linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis has been conducted for requestive expressions made by two generations of Saudi female speakers to female Asian workers in the cafeteria of a governmental institute in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study shows that the use of SPA is largely limited to the simplest forms of verb and noun phrases that are used in Najdi Arabic (the variety that is used in the middle region of Arabian Peninsula), the lexifier language of SPA. The impact of English on the younger generation is shown by the tendency of younger participants to employ English expressions. A sociolinguistic analysis also shows the impact of the social variables of power, status, social distance and the age of the requester. </p>
Task Complexity and the Complexity of Written Language Production: A Review of Literature
Authors: Masrom Umi Kalsom , Mat Daud Nor Shidrah , Nik Mohd Alwi Nik Aloesnita 
Published: August 2015

<p>Robinson’s Cognition Hypothesis (Robinson 2001a, 2003a, 2003b, 2005, 2007a, 2007b) predicts that more cognitively complex tasks along resource-directing dimension will lead to greater complexity of language production while cognitively complex tasks along resource-dispersing dimension will result in less complex language production. Various studies have investigated the effects of manipulating variables on these dimensions (i.e. resource-directing and resource-dispersing) either in oral or written language production. This paper compares and contrasts the results of several studies that were conducted by manipulating these variables in written language production. It also suggests guidelines for future research studies in this area. It concludes that further studies are necessary to investigate how language teachers can integrate and manipulate task-based instruction in their classrooms. </p>
Multi-Objective Optimization of Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device Hemocompatibility Based on Neural Networks and a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Xu Zihao , Yang Ming , Wang Xianghui , Wang Zhong 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Given the benefit of pulsatile blood flow for perfusion of coronary arteries and end organs, pulsatile ventricular assist devices (VADs) are still widely used as paracorporeal mechanical circulatory support devices in clinical applications. However, poor hemocompatibility limits the service period of the VADs. Most previous improvements on VAD hemocompatibility were conducted by trial-and-error CFD analysis, which does not easily arrive at the best solution. Methods In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method integrating neural networks and NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II) based on FSI simulation was developed and applied to a pulsatile VAD to optimize its hemocompatibility. First, the VAD blood chamber was parameterized with the principal geometrical parameters. Three hemocompatibility indices including hemolysis, platelet activation, and platelet deposition were chosen as goal functions. The neural networks were built to fit the nonlinear relationship between goal functions and geometrical parameters. Next, a multi-objective optimization algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to search out the Pareto optimal solutions in the built neural networks. Finally, the best compromise solution was selected from the Pareto optimal solutions by a fuzzy membership approach and validated by FSI simulation. Results The best compromise solution simultaneously possesses an acceptable hemolysis index, platelet activation index, and platelet deposition index, and the corresponding relative errors between the indices predicted by optimization algorithm and the one calculated by FSI simulations are all less than 5%. Conclusions The results suggest that the proposed multi-objective optimization method has the potential for application in optimizing pulsatile VAD hemocompatibility, and may also be applied to other blood-wetted devices.