bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of an Inflammatory and Prodegradative Phenotype in Autologous Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes by the Infrapatellar Fat Pad From Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Eymard Florent , Pigenet Audrey , Citadelle Danièle , Flouzat‐Lachaniette Charles‐Henri , Poignard Alexandre , Benelli Chantal , Berenbaum Francis , Chevalier Xavier , Houard Xavier 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) of the knee joint has an inflammatory phenotype in osteoarthritis (OA). Its close proximity to the synovial membrane suggests that the IFP could be involved in the induction of OA synovitis. This study was undertaken to investigate the response of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) to autologous IFP and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) from patients with severe knee OA.MethodsSamples of IFP, SCAT, and autologous synovial membrane tissue close to the IFP were harvested during surgery from 28 patients with end‐stage knee OA. FLS from 14 patients were stimulated with autologous IFP‐ or SCAT‐conditioned medium, and levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein release of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), cytosolic PLA2, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 3, 9, and 13 were evaluated. Both IFP‐ and SCAT‐conditioned medium were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for secretion of IL‐6, soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R), IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), PGE2, IL‐1β, and interferon‐γ. In addition, OA FLS were treated with PGE2 receptor antagonists to evaluate the contribution of IFP‐derived PGE2 to the inflammatory response of FLS to the IFP.ResultsStimulation of OA FLS with IFP‐conditioned medium induced the mRNA expression and protein release of IL‐6, IL‐8, sPLA2, COX‐2, PGE2, and MMPs 1, 3, 9, and 13. The extent of stimulation was consistently stronger with IFP‐conditioned medium than with SCAT‐conditioned medium. Moreover, secretion of IL‐6, sIL‐6R, IL‐8, TNFα, and PGE2 was greater in IFP‐conditioned medium than in SCAT‐conditioned medium, especially PGE2, whose secretion was 75‐fold stronger in IFP‐conditioned medium (P < 0.0001). PGE2 receptor antagonists dose‐dependently inhibited the release of IL‐6, IL‐8, and PGE2 by IFP‐stimulated FLS.ConclusionThis study showed that the IFP has a potential role in the induction of synovial inflammation in patients with severe knee OA. Furthermore, secretion of PGE2 by the IFP may be involved in the OA inflammatory process.
The Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase Isoform PI3Kβ Regulates Osteoclast‐Mediated Bone Resorption in Humans and Mice
Authors: Győri Dávid , Csete Dániel , Benkő Szilvia , Kulkarni Suhasini , Mandl Péter , Dobó‐Nagy Csaba , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Stephens Len , Hawkins Phillip T. , Mócsai Attila 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveWhile phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in various intracellular signal transduction processes, the specific functions of the different PI3K isoforms are poorly understood. We have previously shown that the PI3Kβ isoform is required for arthritis development in the K/BxN serum–transfer model. Since osteoclasts play a critical role in pathologic bone loss during inflammatory arthritis and other diseases, we undertook this study to test the role of PI3Kβ in osteoclast development and function using a combined genetic and pharmacologic approach.MethodsThe role of PI3Kβ in primary human and murine osteoclast cultures was tested with the PI3Kβ‐selective inhibitor TGX221 and by using PI3Kβ−/− mice. The trabecular bone architecture of PI3Kβ−/− mice was evaluated using micro–computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses.ResultsThe expression of PI3Kβ was strongly and specifically up‐regulated during in vitro osteoclast differentiation. In vitro development of large multinucleated osteoclasts from human or murine progenitors and their resorption capacity were strongly reduced by the PI3Kβ inhibitor TGX221 or by the genetic deficiency of PI3Kβ. This was likely due to defective cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicular trafficking, since PI3Kβ−/− mouse multinucleated cells failed to form actin rings and retained intracellular acidic vesicles and cathepsin K. In contrast, osteoclast‐specific gene expression and the survival and apoptosis of osteoclasts were not affected. PI3Kβ−/− mice had significantly increased trabecular bone volume and showed abnormal osteoclast morphology with defective resorption pit formation.ConclusionPI3Kβ plays an important role in osteoclast development and function and is required for in vivo bone homeostasis.
Fast Proton Exchange in Histidine: Measurement of Rate Constants through Indirect Detection by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Sehgal Akansha Ashvani , Duma Luminita , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Pelupessy Philippe 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOwing to its imidazole side chain, histidine participates in various processes such as enzyme catalysis, pH regulation, metal binding, and phosphorylation. The determination of exchange rates of labile protons for such a system is important for understanding its functions. However, these rates are too fast to be measured directly in an aqueous solution by using NMR spectroscopy. We have obtained the exchange rates of the NH3+ amino protons and the labile NHε2 and NHδ1 protons of the imidazole ring by indirect detection through nitrogen‐15 as a function of temperature (272 K<T<293 K) and pH (1.3<pH<4.9) of uniformly nitrogen‐15‐ and carbon‐13‐labeled L‐histidine⋅HCl⋅H2O. Exchange rates up to 8.5×104 s−1 could be determined (i.e., lifetimes as short as 12 μs). The three chemical shifts δHi of the invisible exchanging protons Hi and the three one‐bond scalar coupling constants 1J(N,Hi) could also be determined accurately.
Organization of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in star‐nosed moles
Authors: Sawyer Eva K. , Leitch Duncan B. , Catania Kenneth C. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSomatosensory inputs from the face project to multiple regions of the trigeminal nuclear complex in the brainstem. In mice and rats, three subdivisions contain visible representations of the mystacial vibrissae, the principal sensory nucleus, spinal trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris, and subnucleus caudalis. These regions are considered important for touch with high spatial acuity, active touch, and pain and temperature sensation, respectively. Like mice and rats, the star‐nosed mole (Condylura cristata) is a somatosensory specialist. Given the visible star pattern in preparations of the star‐nosed mole cortex and the principal sensory nucleus, we hypothesized there were star patterns in the spinal trigeminal nucleus subnuclei interpolaris and caudalis. In sections processed for cytochrome oxidase, we found star‐like segmentation consisting of lightly stained septa separating darkly stained patches in subnucleus interpolaris (juvenile tissue) and subnucleus caudalis (juvenile and adult tissue). Subnucleus caudalis represented the face in a three‐dimensional map, with the most anterior part of the face represented more rostrally than posterior parts of the face. Multiunit electrophysiological mapping was used to map the ipsilateral face. Ray‐specific receptive fields in adults matched the CO segmentation. The mean areas of multiunit receptive fields in subnucleus interpolaris and caudalis were larger than previously mapped receptive fields in the mole's principal sensory nucleus. The proportion of tissue devoted to each ray's representation differed between the subnucleus interpolaris and the principal sensory nucleus. Our finding that different trigeminal brainstem maps can exaggerate different parts of the face could provide new insights for the roles of these different somatosensory stations. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3335–3350, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic Engineering: The Ultimate Paradigm for Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Authors: Yadav Vikramaditya G. , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResearch and development (R & D) expenditures by pharmaceutical companies doubled over the past decade, yet candidate attrition rates and development times rose markedly during this period. Understandably, companies have begun downsizing their pipelines and diverting investments away from R & D in favor of manufacturing. It is estimated that transitioning to continuous manufacturing could enable companies to compete for a share in emerging markets. Accordingly, the model for continuous manufacturing that has emerged commences with the conversion of late‐stage intermediates into the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a series of continuous flow reactors, followed by continuous solid processing to form finished tablets. The use of flow reactions for API synthesis will certainly generate purer products at higher yields in shorter times compared to equivalent batch reactions. However, transitioning from batch to flow configuration simply alleviates transport limitations within the reaction milieu. As the catalogue of reactions used in flow syntheses is a subset of batch‐based chemistries, molecules such as natural products will continue to evade drug prospectors. Also, it is uncertain whether flow synthesis can deliver improvements in the atom and energy economies of API production at the scales that would achieve the levels of revenue growth targeted by companies. Instead, it is argued that implementing metabolic engineering for the production of oxidized scaffolds as gateway molecules for flow‐based addition of electrophiles is a more effective and scalable strategy for accessing natural product chemical space. This new paradigm for manufacturing, with metabolic engineering as its engine, would also permit rapid optimization of production variables and allow facile scale‐up from gram to ton scale to meet material requirements for clinical trials, thus recasting manufacturing as a tool for discovery.
Production of Clean Pyrolytic Sugars for Fermentation
Authors: Rover Marjorie R. , Johnston Patrick A. , Jin Tao , Smith Ryan G. , Brown Robert C. , Jarboe Laura 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study explores the separate recovery of sugars and phenolic oligomers produced during fast pyrolysis with the effective removal of contaminants from the separated pyrolytic sugars to produce a substrate suitable for fermentation without hydrolysis. The first two stages from a unique recovery system capture “heavy ends”, mostly water‐soluble sugars and water‐insoluble phenolic oligomers. The differences in water solubility can be exploited to recover a sugar‐rich aqueous phase and a phenolic‐rich raffinate. Over 93 wt % of the sugars is removed in two water washes. These sugars contain contaminants such as low‐molecular‐weight acids, furans, and phenols that could inhibit successful fermentation. Detoxification methods were used to remove these contaminants from pyrolytic sugars. The optimal candidate is NaOH overliming, which results in maximum growth measurements with the use of ethanol‐producing Escherichia coli.
Detection and separation of overlapping cells based on contour concavity forLeishmaniaimages
Authors: Neves João C. , Castro Helena , Tomás Ana , Coimbra Miguel , Proença Hugo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLife scientists often must count cells in microscopy images, which is a tedious and time‐consuming task. Automatic approaches present a solution to this problem. Several procedures have been devised for this task, but the majority suffer from performance degradation in the case of cell overlap. In this article, we propose a method to determine the positions of macrophages and parasites in fluorescence images ofLeishmania‐infected macrophages. The proposed strategy is primarily based on blob detection, clustering, and separation using concave regions of the cells' contours. In comparison with the approaches of Nogueira (Master's thesis, Department of University of Porto Computer Science, 2011) and Leal et al. (Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, Vol. II, ICIAR'12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer‐Verlag; 2012. pp. 432–439), which also addressed this type of image, we conclude that the proposed methodology achieves better performance in the automatic annotation ofLeishmaniainfections. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A technique to improve network lifetime in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Ray Niranjan Kumar , Turuk Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYEnergy is an important issue in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and different energy‐aware routing mechanisms have been proposed to minimize the energy consumption in MANETs. Most of the energy‐aware routing schemes reported in the literature have considered only the residual battery capacity as the cost metric in computing a path. In this paper, we have proposed, an energy‐aware routing technique which considers the following parameters: (i) a cost metric, which is a function of residual battery power and energy consumption rate of participating nodes in path computation; (ii) a variable transmission power technique for transmitting data packets; and (iii) To minimize the over‐utilization of participating nodes, a limit is set on the number of paths that can be established to a destination through a participating node. The proposed scheme is simulated using Qualnet 4.5 simulator, and compared with Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Lifetime Enhancement Routing (LER). We observed that the proposed scheme performs better in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating behavior and eating disorders in adults before bariatric surgery
Authors: Mitchell James E. , King Wendy C. , Courcoulas Anita , Dakin George , Elder Katherine , Engel Scott , Flum David , Kalarchian Melissa , Khandelwal Saurabh , Pender John , Pories Walter , Wolfe Bruce 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe eating patterns, prevalence of problematic eating behaviors, and determine factors associated with binge eating disorder (BED), before bariatric surgery.MethodBefore surgery, 2,266 participants (median age 46 years; 78.6% female; 86.9% white; median body mass index 45.9 kg/m2) of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery‐2 (LABS‐2) study completed eating behavior survey items in the self‐administered LABS‐2 Behavior form. Other measures included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the LABS‐2 Psychiatric and Emotional Test Survey, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List‐12, the Short Form‐36 Health Survey, and Impact of Weight Quality of Life‐Lite Survey.ResultsThe majority (92.1%) of participants reported eating dinner regularly, whereas just over half (54.0%) reported eating breakfast regularly. Half of the participants reported eating at least four meals/week at restaurants; two meals/week were fast food. Loss of control eating was reported by 43.4%, night eating syndrome by 17.7%; 15.7% satisfied criteria for binge eating disorder (BED), 2% for bulimia nervosa. Factors that independently increased the odds of BED were being a college graduate, eating more times per day, taking medication for psychiatric or emotional problems, and having symptoms of alcohol use disorder, lower self‐esteem and greater depressive symptoms.DiscussionBefore undergoing bariatric surgery a substantial proportion of patients report problematic eating behaviors. Several factors associated with BED were identified, most suggesting other mental health problems, including higher levels of depressive symptomotology. The strengths of this study include the large sample size, the multi‐center design and use of standardized assessment practices. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:215–222)
Preparation by Solvothermal Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Photocatalytic Performance of CuS Nanopowders
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Qiao , Zhang Bo‐Ping , Ge Zhen‐Hua , Zhu Li‐Feng , Li Yan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVarious CuS nanostructures, including nanoflowers, doughnut‐shaped nanospheres, dense nanospheres, and mixtures of nanoneedles, nanoparticles, and nanoplates, were synthesized from different copper and sulfur sources by a solvothermal method. The formation mechanisms along with photocatalytic properties for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light irradiation were investigated in this study. The experimental results indicate that when the sulfur source is fixed at CS(NH2)2 in the solvothermal reaction, spherical nanoflowers, doughnut‐shaped nanospheres, and dense nanospheres could be synthesized by using CuCl2, Cu(NO3)2, and CuSO4 as the copper source, respectively. Furthermore, atypical nanoflowers and a mixture of nanoneedles, nanoparticles, and nanoplates could be obtained when the sulfur source was switched to Na2S2O3 and Na2S with a fixed copper source of CuCl2. The energy gaps calculated from the light absorption spectrum were 1.61, 1.93, 2.01, 1.70, and 1.82 eV for the spherical nanoflowers, doughnut‐shaped nanospheres, dense nanospheres, atypical nanoflowers, and the mixture of nanoneedles, nanoparticles, and nanoplates respectively. Among these five samples, three powders composed of spherical nanoflowers, atypical nanoflowers as well as a mixture of nanoneedles, nanoparticles, and nanoplates exhibited excellent photocatalytic properties and can degrade rhodamine B completely in an hour.
Chiral Self‐Sorting of trans‐Chelating Chiral Ligands upon Formation of PdII Complexes
Authors: Meyer‐Eppler Georg , Topić Filip , Schnakenburg Gregor , Rissanen Kari , Lützen Arne 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo bis(3‐pyridyl) ligands 1 and 2 based on a planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane scaffold were synthesized in enantiomerically pure forms. These ligands act as trans‐chelating ligands for square‐planar‐coordinated metal centres such as palladium(II) ions. Upon forming mononuclear homochiral [ML2] complexes, they show complete chiral self‐sorting in a narcissistic self‐recognition manner as proven by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Effect of diacylglycerols on crystallization of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis)
Authors: de Oliveira Ingrid Franco , Grimaldi Renato , Gonçalves Lireny Ap. G. 
Published: April 2014

The use of palm oil presents some technological problems, especially related to slow crystallization rate. In addition, the DAG content is related to quality of fruit palm. In this context, refined, bleached, and deodorized (RDB) palm oils from different regions of Brazil, Colombia, and Malaysia were characterized for fatty acid composition, TAG composition, solid fat content (SFC), isothermal crystallization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and NMR, and content of partial glycerides. The levels of DAG found in the samples 01, 02, 03, 04, and 05 were 7.8, 6.0, 8.1, 7.3, and 8.5%, respectively. The results of SFC by NMR showed the great influence of DAG, showing an increase of SFC at initial temperatures in the purified samples and this increase is related to higher crystallization rate. The reduction of time induction in the isothermal crystallization by NMR showed that the effect of DAG is directly related to initial crystallization, while in samples with high trisaturated (SSS) content no change were noted. Furthermore, the absence of DAG suggested greater homogeneity of the sample crystallization in the isothermal by DSC. The use of all associated methodologies indicated that SSS TAG and DAG levels are decisive parameters, considering the crystallization aspects of fats.The figure shows the isothermal crystallization of RDB sample (SAMPLE 01) and RDB sample without DAG (SAMPLE PURIFIED 01). It has been found that DAG change the crystallization rate, delaying the induction time of crystallization, due to the low level SSS in the sample.
Regio‐, and Stereoselective Iodobromination of Ynamides for Synthesis of (E)‐1‐Bromo‐2‐iodoenamides
Authors: Ide Masataka , Yauchi Yuta , Iwasawa Tetsuo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOne‐step synthesis of vicinal bromoiodoenamides from ynamides through IBr addition is described. Two types of IBr were used: commercially available IBr, and in situ generated IBr. This simple protocol enables highly efficient regio‐ and stereoselective iodobromination of the triple bond on a gram scale in anti‐mode, and provides a potentially diverse scaffold for preparation of tetrasubstituted olefins.
3D Architectured Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Microbatteries with Large Areal Capacity
Authors: Cirigliano Nicolas , Sun Guangyi , Membreno Daniel , Malati Peter , Kim C. J. , Dunn Bruce 
Published: April 2014

AbstractProgress in the miniaturization of batteries has lagged well behind that of microelectronics. Although lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) battery technology has been vital in advancing portable consumer electronics, it is not clear whether future generations of microscale devices can be powered using traditional battery designs. In this paper, we report on the fabrication and properties of battery electrodes comprised of arrays of vertically aligned carbon rods. The electrodes exhibit good reversibility and represent the first carbon arrays to achieve areal capacities greater than 5 mAh cm−2 at relatively large current densities, although the capacity does fade with cycling. The 3D battery designs based on these architectures offer the promise of achieving high energy densities within small footprint areas.
Für eine akustische Poetik
Authors: Binczek Natalie , Epping‐Jäger Cornelia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBei Medienhäusern und beim Publikum stehen Hörbücher als andere Darreichung gedruckter Literatur hoch im Kurs. Literaturwissenschaftler werfen nun einen tieferen Blick auf das Erfolgsmedium. Sie sehen darin eine ganz eigene Ausdrucksform mit eigenständiger Ästhetik.
Satchmo und Superman
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDer Amerikanist Daniel Stein analysiert Medien der transatlantischen Populärkultur mit kulturwissenschaftlichem Esprit. „Intermedialität”︁ und „serielles Erzählen”︁ sind die Fluchtpunkte der Analysen des Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz‐Preisträgers.
Auf der Suche nach der „elektronischen Nase”︁
Authors: Boeker Peter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDer Geruchssinn ist so etwas wie der vergessene Sinn — und überaus schwer zu enträtseln. Bislang ist die Forschung dabei auf Probanden angewiesen. Nun wird mit integrativen Ansätzen stärker versucht, Geruchswahrnehmungen auch technisch‐sensorisch zu messen.