bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> determination of renal stone composition with dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Corbett John-Henry , Harmse Werner S. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Composition of renal stones influences management of patients with renal stone disease. Currently stone composition can only be analysed ex vivo after stone extraction or passage, but recent introduction of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) to clinical practice has raised interest in the ability of this technology to determine composition of renal stones in vivo.Objectives: To determine renal stone composition in patients using single-source dual-energy rapid-peak kilovolt (kVp) switching CT.Method: Nineteen patients with renal stones for percutaneous nephrolithotomy were evaluated with single-source dual-energy computed tomography on a Discovery CT 750HD. The Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) effective atomic number (Zeff) and attenuation at 70 keV monochromatic energy were used to predict the stone composition. Infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of stones after extraction served as the reference standard.Results: Two (10.5%) of the 19 stones had uric acid as major component. The other 17 (89.5%) were calcium-based stones. No statistically significant difference between the GSI Zeff and calculated effective atomic number (Z) for stone compounds was found. The GSI Zeff and attenuation could differentiate between uric acid and non-uric acid stones. No differentiation between different calcium stones could be made.Conclusion: Uric acid and non-uric acid renal stones can be differentiated with single-source dual-energy in vivo. The GSI Zeff reflects the dominant material in polycrystalline stones.
Difference between Luminal A and Luminal B Subtypes According to Ki-67, Tumor Size, and Progesterone Receptor Negativity Providing Prognostic Information
Authors: Inic Zorka , Zegarac Milan , Inic Momcilo , Markovic Ivan , Kozomara Zoran , Djurisic Igor , Inic Ivana , Pupic Gordana , Jancic Snezana 
Published: September 2014

Background The St. Gallen International Expert Consensus of 2011 proposes a new classification system for breast cancer based on its division into five subgroups. The criteria to identify these subtypes were recently refined at the 2013 Conference. In this respect, the authors of this paper have conducted a retrospective analysis of breast cancer subtypes, related to Ki-67 and involvement of the axillary lymph nodes (ALNs). The analysis was performed only in the cases of invasive breast cancer in the pT2 stages. The research and results of the paper have shown that investigating the value of these parameters could be of great benefit in future treatment strategies of invasive breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of breast cancer subtypes, tumor nodal metastatic staging, and histopathological grading of 108 cases has been performed according to the methods recommended and provided by the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Report, 2011. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 of 108 tumor samples were all investigated by immunohistochemistry according to the methods used to classify breast cancer subtypes as proposed in the St. Gallen Consensus Report, 2011. Invasive breast cancers (n = 108) were immunohistochemically classified as follows: 28 (25.92%) as Luminal A, 51 (47.22%) as Luminal B (HER2 negative), 21 (19.44%) as Luminal B-like (HER2 negative), 2 (1.85%) as HER2 positive, and 6 (5.55%) as being a triple-negative subtype. Results The conclusion was made that when Ki-67 was found to be higher, patients also showed a higher involvement in their ALNs. The chi-square test shows the difference to be significant (chi-square = 4.757; P = 0.029). Luminal B subtypes had the highest percentage (54.9%) of involvement of lymph nodes when compared to the other four subtypes. The Luminal B subtype had a higher percentage (51.4%) of involvement of lymph nodes than did Luminal A (10.7%). The chi-square test also shows the difference to be significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion A combination of the Ki-67 index, HER negative tumors, PR negativity, and a low value that can be used to segregate ER positive pT2 tumors into prognostically significantly different clinical outcomes may be utilized clinically to guide patient management in accordance with these tumor characteristics.
Existence of solutions for a fourth order problem at resonance
Authors: Hssini EL Miloud , Massar Mohammed , Talbi Mohamed , Tsouli Najib 
Published: September 2014

In this work, we are interested at the existence of nontrivial solutions of two fourth order problems governed by the weighted p-biharmonic operator. The first is the following$$\Delta(\rho|\Delta u|^{p-2}\Delta u)=\lambda_1 m(x)|u|^{p-2}u+f(x,u)-h \mbox{ in }\Omega,\,\, u=\Delta u=0 \mbox{ on }\partial\Omega,$$where $\lambda_1$ is the first eigenvalue for the eigenvalue problem$ \Delta(\rho|\Delta u|^{p-2}\Delta u)=\lambda m(x) |u|^{p-2}u\mbox{in }\Omega, \,\, u=\Delta u=0 \mbox{ on } \partial\Omega.$ \\In the seconde problem, we replace $\lambda_1$ by $\lambda$ suchthat $\lambda_1<\lambda<\bar{\lambda}$, where $\bar{\lambda}$ is given bellow.
Calliactis tricolor (Anthozoa, Acontiaria) epibionte em Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) no litoral sul do Paraná e Norte de Santa Catarina
Authors: Nogueira Jr. Miodeli , Robert Maurício De Castro , Haddad Maria Angélica 
Published: September 2014

A pesquisa sobre associações entre organismos de diferentes taxasão importantes para a compreensão da estrutura, dinâmica eevolução de uma comunidade. Entre as diversas associaçõesenvolvendo cnidários, a epibiose de anêmonas-do-mar é uma dasmais amplamente relatadas (e.g., CUTRESS & ROSS, 1969; CUTRESS, ROSS & SUTTON, 1970; ROSS, 1971, 1974a, b, 1983; BACH & HERRNKIND, 1980; CHINTIRIGLOU, DOUMENC & KOUTSOUBAS, 1992; PASTORINO, 1993; ATES, 1995a, b; CHRISTIDS, CHINTIRIGLOU & CULLEY, 1997; ACUÑA, EXCOFFON & SCELZO, 2003). Registros de anêmonas associadas a gastrópodes e pagurídeos, respectivamente cerca de 30 e 60 pares de espécies combinadas (ATES, 1995a), são mais freqüentes do que associações com braquiúros, relatadas somente com algumas espécies de majídeos e calapídeos (CUTRESS, ROSS & SUTTON, 1970; ROSS, 1974b, 1983; ACUÑA, EXCOFFON & SCELZO, 2003; LARENAS, 2004; WINTER & MASUNARI, 2006; LARENAS, 2004). Nestas associações, considerase que as anêmonas ganham maior mobilidade, aumentando assim sua disponibilidade alimentar e, eventualmente, recebem proteção, enquanto seus hospedeiros gozam de camuflagem e também de proteção contra predadores, fornecida pelos nematocistos da hóspede (ROSS, 1971, 1974b, 1983; BACH & HERRNKIND, 1980; ATES, 1995a). Freqüências mais altas destas associações parecem estar relacionadas a comunidades com maiores pressões de predação sobre o hospedeiro (BACH & HERRNKIND, 1980). A grande maioria dos trabalhos sobre anêmonas epibiontes provém do hemisfério Norte. Para o Atlântico Sul, foram registradas: de Mar Del Plata, na costa da Argentina, a epibiose da anêmonado- mar Antholoba achates (DRAYTON in DANA, 1846) sobre o caranguejo Libinia spinosa Milne-Edwards, 1834 (ACUÑA, EXCOFFON & SCELZO, 2003) e sobre os gastrópodos Buccinanops cochlidium (Dillwyn, 1817) e Adelomelon brasiliana (Lammarck, 1811) (respectivamente PASTORINO, 1993 e LUZZATO & PASTORINO, 2006); no Brasil, CORRÊA (1964) traz observações casuais sobre o assunto,registrando a ocorrência de Calliactis tricolor (Le Sueur, 1817)epibionte em Libinia spinosa Milne Edwards 1834, e WINTER &MASUNARI (2006) constataram que C. tricolor foi o macroepizóicomais comum e abundante em L. ferreirae Brito-Capello, 1871. Dessa última associação, LARENAS (2004) descreveu comportamento de hospedeiro e da hóspede, observados em aquário durante três meses. O presente estudo acrescenta dados qualitativos e quantitativos sobre a epibiose da anêmona-do-mar C. tricolor em quatro espécies de Brachyura, provenientes da região litorânea do sul do Paraná e norte de Santa Catarina.
<htm>Alometria e crescimento sexual e etàriamente diferenciados em <i>Sphaeroma serratum</i> (Crustaceae, Isopoda) da baía da Guanabara (Brasil)<htm>
Authors: Mesquita Neto J. de 
Published: September 2014

Alometria e crescimento sexual e etàriamente diferenciados em Sphaeroma serratum (Crustaceae, Isopoda) da baía da Guanabara (Brasil) JARBAS DE MESQUITA NETO
<htm>Descrição de uma nova espécie de <i>Plebeia</i>"los Llanos Centrales de Venezuela" (Anthophila, Meliponini)</htm>
Authors: Laroca Sebastião , Rodriguez-Parilli Severiano 
Published: September 2014

<htm>Descrição de uma nova espécie de <i>Plebeia</i> de "los Llanos Centrales de Venezuela" (Anthophila, Meliponini)</htm>
<htm>Dinâmica Populacional de <i>Ctenarytaina spatulata </i>(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) em <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> com novos registros de ocorrência</htm>
Authors: Queiroz Dalva Luiz , Zanol Keti Maria Rocha , Anjos Norivaldo Dos , Andrade Daniel P. de 
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a influência dos fatores ambientais na dinâmica populacional de Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, 1997, em plantios de Eucalyptus grandis, nos municípios de Colombo-PR, Mogi-Guaçu-SP e São Miguel Arcanjo-SP, nos períodos de outubro de 1997 a agosto de 1999 e, de junho de 2001 a agosto de 2002. Os estudos demonstraram que C. spatulata ocorreu em todas as amostras, com índice de constância de 100% para ninfas e ovos. Sua presença foi observada durante todos os meses do ano, em todos os estágios demonstrando um padrão polivoltino, nas condições analisadas. Apresentou picos populacionais nos meses mais frios e de menores precipitações. Foram observados como inimigos naturais potenciais insetos das famílias Syrphidae e Dolichopodidae (Diptera), Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), além de aranhas e do fungo Verticilium lecanii. Ovos e ninfas de C. spatulata foram raramente encontradas nas brotações inferiores, sendo que as colônias se concentram na parte superior da copa. Maiores quantidades de ovos e ninfas foram encontradas na posição oeste da planta, demonstrando a influência do vento na distribuição e dispersão de C. spatulata
<htm>Diversidad Genética del Bocachico (<i>Prochilodus reticulatus</i>) de la Cuenca Alta del Río Cauca (Colombia)</htm>
Authors: Macias Jorge Nelson Lopes , Vallejo Felipe Garcia , Rincón Efraín Rúbio , Giraldo Andrés Castillo , Cerón Flavio 
Published: September 2014

<htm>Diversidad Genética del Bocachico (<i>Prochilodus reticulatus</i>) de la Cuenca Alta del Río Cauca (Colombia)</htm>
<htm> O tubarão <i>Taquaralodus albuquerquei</i> (Silva Santos, 1946) do Membro Taquaral (Permiano, Formação Irati) no Estado de São Paulo</>
Authors: Chahud Artur , Petri Setembrino 
Published: September 2014

O tubarão Taquaralodus albuquerquei (Silva Santos, 1946) do Membro Taquaral (Permiano, Formação Irati) no Estado de São Paulo
<htm><i>Kyra</i> gen. nov. (Cicadellidae,Deltocephalinae) e descrições de duas novas espécies </htm>
Authors: Zanol Keti M. Rocha 
Published: September 2014

<htm><i>Kyra</i> gen. nov. (Cicadellidae,Deltocephalinae) e descrições de duas novas espécies </htm>
<htm>Título: Emílio Ribas, O Guerreiro da Saúde. Autor: Dr. José Lelis Nogueira (Pindamonhangaba, SP). Ano de Publicação: 2012</htm>
Authors: Laroca Sebastião , Nascimento Carlos Cunha 
Published: September 2014

<htm>Título: Emílio Ribas, O Guerreiro da Saúde. Autor: Dr. José Lelis Nogueira (Pindamonhangaba, SP).Ano de Publicação: 2012</htm>
Revisitando as três condições do ato propriamente virtuoso em Ética Nicomaqueia II 4
Authors: Spinelli Priscilla Tesch 
Published: September 2014

Este artigo pretende retomar a interpretação que pode ser chamada de tradicional das três condições do ato propriamente virtuoso expostas em EN II 4, i.e., o conhecimento, escolher deliberadamente o ato por ele mesmo e seguir-se de uma disposição firme e não hesitante. A atenção da análise será voltada à primeira e à terceira condição. Buscar-se-á mostrar que a condição do conhecimento pode ser compreendida como conhecimento das circunstâncias, do ato ele mesmo como virtuoso e das técnicas ou ofícios que podem ser por ele requeridos. Buscar-se-á igualmente justificar a introdução do termo ‘disposição’ na tradução apresentada, já que o termo grego ‘hexis’ não consta na passagem analisada. Um apontamento será feito, por fim, no sentido de oferecer uma justificativa mais ampla para a interpretação aqui defendida na medida em que a localiza como um posicionamento contrário à concepção intelectualista socrática.
As Categorias de Aristóteles e a doutrina dos traços do ser
Authors: Zingano Marco 
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo, propõe-se uma leitura das categorias no tratado aristotélico homônimo como um primeiro esboço de uma ontologia regional, centrada nas substâncias sensíveis. Tendo por foco substância, quantidade, qualidade, relativo, agir e sofrer, este trabalho busca expor as duas estratégias principais que Aristóteles parece empregar para chegar a uma lista das categorias: (a) características básicas, cuja satisfação ou não satisfação de cada uma determina a natureza categorial de cada item e (b) a propriedade única que caracteriza cada categoria em contraste com todas as outras. São, então, feitas considerações para vincular esse primeiro esboço ontológico a temas discutidos nos livros Lambda e Zeta da Metafísica, de modo a sugerir as direções principais que a sua ontologia nova (e geral) seguirá ao evoluir para uma teoria unificada da substância.
Gate-on-germanium source tunnel field-effect transistor enabling sub-0.5-V operation
Authors: Mallik Abhijit , Chattopadhyay Avik , Omura Yasuhisa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, a novel device structure for a gate-on-germanium source (GoGeS) tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) on a bulk silicon substrate is proposed for sub-0.5-V operation. Tunneling in line with the gate electric field, which increases the effective tunneling area and, hence, the ON-state current (I
ON) is achieved in this device by constructing its gate on the germanium source region. To improve the subthreshold swing (SS), lateral carrier tunneling is eliminated by carefully designing the device structure. The use of a small gate-to-channel overlap results in reduced fringing-induced barrier lowering at the gate edge that further improves the SS and I
ON of the device. The spreading of the fringing electric field is also reduced by employing a step in the silicon channel region, which again improves both SS and I
ON. As a result of all these, supersteep SS and high I
ON are achieved, enabling sub-0.5-V operation of the proposed GoGeS TFET.
Low‐mid latitude D region ionospheric perturbations associated with 22 July 2009 total solar eclipse: Wave‐like signatures inferred from VLF observations
Authors: Maurya Ajeet K. , Phanikumar D. V. , Singh Rajesh , Kumar Sushil , Veenadhari B. , Kwak Y.‐S. , Kumar Abhikesh , Singh Abhay K. , Niranjan Kumar K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present first report on the periodic wave‐like signatures (WLS) in the D region ionosphere during 22 July 2009 total solar eclipse using JJI, Japan, very low frequency (VLF) navigational transmitter signal (22.2 kHz) observations at stations, Allahabad, Varanasi and Nainital in Indian Sector, Busan in Korea, and Suva in Fiji. The signal amplitude increased on 22 July by about 6 and 7 dB at Allahabad and Varanasi and decreased by about 2.7, 3.5, and 0.5 dB at Nainital, Busan, and Suva, respectively, as compared to 24 July 2009 (normal day). The increase/decrease in the amplitude can be understood in terms of modal interference at the sites of modes converted at the discontinuity created by the eclipse intercepting the different transmitter‐receiver great circle paths. The wavelet analysis shows the presence of WLS of period ~16–40 min at stations under total eclipse and of period ~30–80 min at stations under partial eclipse (~85–54% totality) with delay times between ~50 and 100 min at different stations. The intensity of WLS was maximum for paths in the partially eclipsed region and minimum in the fully eclipsed region. The features of WLS on eclipse day seem almost similar to WLS observed in the nighttime of normal days (e.g., 24 July 2009). The WLS could be generated by sudden cutoff of the photo‐ionization creating nighttime like conditions in the D region ionosphere and solar eclipse induced gravity waves coming to ionosphere from below and above. The present observations shed additional light on the current understanding of gravity waves induced D region ionospheric perturbations.
Wave number determination of Pc 1–2 mantle waves considering He++ ions: A Cluster study
Authors: Grison B. , Escoubet C. P. , Santolík O. , Cornilleau‐Wehrlin N. , Khotyaintsev Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present case study concerns narrowband electromagnetic emission detected in the distant cusp region simultaneously with upgoing plasma flows. The wave properties match the usual properties of the Pc 1–2 mantle waves: small angle between the wave vector and the magnetic field line, left‐hand polarization, and propagation toward the ionosphere. We report here the first direct wave vector measurement of these waves (about 1.2 × 10− 2 rad/km) through multi spacecraft analysis using the three magnetic components and, at the same time, through single spacecraft analysis based on the refractive index analysis using the three magnetic components and two electric components. The refractive index analysis offers a simple way to estimate wave numbers in this frequency range. Numerical calculations are performed under the observed plasma conditions. The obtained results show that the ion distribution functions are unstable to ion cyclotron instability at the observed wave vector value, due to the large ion temperature anisotropy. We thus show that these electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are amplified in the distant cusp region. The Poynting flux of the waves is counterstreaming with respect to the plasma flow. This sense of propagation is consistent with the time necessary to amplify the emissions to the observed level. We point out the role of the wave damping at the He++ gyrofrequency to explain that such waves cannot be observed from the ground at the cusp foot print location.
On the threshold energization of radiation belt electrons by double layers
Authors: Osmane A. , Pulkkinen T. I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUsing a Hamiltonian approach, we quantify the energization threshold of electrons interacting with radiation belts' double layers discovered by Mozer et al. (2013). We find that double layers with electric field amplitude E0 ranging between 10 and 100 mV/m and spatial scales of the order of few Debye lengths are very efficient in energizing electrons with initial velocities v∥ ≤ vth to 1 keV levels but are unable to energize electrons with E ≥ 100 keV. Our results indicate that the localized electric field associated with the double layers are unlikely to generate a seed population of 100 keV necessary for a plethora of relativistic acceleration mechanisms and additional transport to higher energetic levels.
Influence of precipitating energetic ions caused by EMIC waves on the subauroral ionospheric E region during a geomagnetic storm
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Xiong Ying , Li Haimeng , Huang Shiyong , Qiao Zheng , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhou Meng , Wang Dedong , Deng Xiaohua , Raita Tero , Wang Jingfang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we have presented the influence of precipitating energetic ions caused by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on the subauroral ionospheric E region during a geomagnetic storm on 8 March 2008 with observations of the Meteorological Operational (METOP‐02) of the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES), a GPS receiver in Vaasa of Finland and Finnish network of search coil magnetometers. Conjugate observations of the POES METOP‐02 satellite and Finnish network of search coil magnetometers have demonstrated that enhancements of the precipitating energetic ion flux within the proton anisotropic zone are attributed to the interaction between ring current (RC) ions and EMIC waves. With enhancements of the intensity of Pc1 waves observed by search coil magnetometers, the total electron content observed by the GPS receiver accordingly increased, meaning that the enhancement of the ionospheric electron density is attributed to the precipitation of RC ions caused by EMIC waves. The electron density profiles derived by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI‐2007) model and with precipitating energetic protons observed by the POES METOP‐02 satellite show that the energetic proton precipitation can cause the E layer peak electron density to increase from 1.62 × 109 m−3 to 5.05 × 1011 m−3 by 2.49 orders of magnitude. In comparison with the height‐integrated conductivities derived by the IRI‐2007 model, the height‐integrated Pedersen and Hall conductivities derived with precipitating energetic protons increase by 2.4 and 2.34 orders of magnitude, respectively. Our result suggests that precipitating energetic ions caused by EMIC waves can lead to an obvious enhancement of the electron density and conductivities in the subauroral ionospheric E region during geomagnetic storms.
Circum‐Arctic mantle structure and long‐wavelength topography since the Jurassic
Authors: Shephard G. E. , Flament N. , Williams S. , Seton M. , Gurnis M. , Müller R. D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe circum‐Arctic is one of the most tectonically complex regions of the world, shaped by a history of ocean basin opening and closure since the Early Jurassic. The region is characterized by contemporaneous large‐scale Cenozoic exhumation extending from Alaska to the Atlantic, but its driving force is unknown. We show that the mantle flow associated with subducted slabs of the South Anuyi, Mongol‐Okhotsk, and Panthalassa oceans have imparted long‐wavelength deflection on overriding plates. We identify the Jurassic‐Cretaceous South Anuyi slab under present‐day Greenland in seismic tomography and numerical mantle flow models. Under North America, we propose the “Farallon” slab results from Andean‐style ocean‐continent convergence around ~30°N and from a combination of ocean‐continent and intraoceanic subduction north of 50°N. We compute circum‐Arctic dynamic topography through time from subduction‐driven convection models and find that slabs have imparted on average <1–16 m/Myr of dynamic subsidence across the region from at least 170 Ma to ~50 Ma. With the exception of Siberia, the main phase of circum‐Arctic dynamic subsidence has been followed either by slowed subsidence or by uplift of <1–6 m/Myr on average to present day. Comparing these results to geological inferences suggest that subduction‐driven dynamic topography can account for rapid Middle to Late Jurassic subsidence in the Slave Craton and North Slope (respectively, <15 and 21 m/Myr, between 170 and 130 Ma) and for dynamic subsidence (<7 m/Myr, ~170–50 Ma) followed by dynamic uplift (<6 m/Myr since 50 Ma) of the Barents Sea region. Combining detailed kinematic reconstructions with geodynamic modeling and key geological observations constitutes a powerful tool to investigate the origin of vertical motion in remote regions.