bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buddhism in Central Asia
Authors: King Matthew 
Published: August 2015

Historically significant civilizations dotted the heart of Eurasia already by the first centuries of the Common Era. Then, Indic Buddhist traditions began to arrive along merchant routes and find local patronage. Central Asia, like Buddhism, is hardly a fixed or consensual category: it takes quite different shape depending on the subfield and the historical period. Scholars of Buddhism (as opposed to scholars of Islam, for example) generally use “Central Asia” in reference to networks of oasis towns, such as Khotan and Turfan, that made up the ancient Silk Road between eastern Iran and Dunhuang during the first millennia ce. Transported by merchants and monks, and according to the ebb and flow of conquest and regional political fragmentation, Buddhism flowed from the Indian subcontinent into and through these city-states. Out of complex multilingual and multicultural encounters leading to Islamic hegemony in the 7th century ce, Indian, Greek, Persian, Turkic, and Chinese civilizations were twined here in new and significant ways. The Buddhisms that formed in the contact zones of Central Asia found material expression in diverse artistic and architectural styles, and they were intoned and expounded upon in some twenty-four languages and written on page and stele in at least seventeen scripts. The Central Asian melting pot provided the foundations for later, more enduring Buddhist traditions in China and Tibet, and proceeding from there to Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Siberia. Recent scholarship is charting the extent to which Buddhist traditions in Central Asia developed in transformative dialogue with Islam and gave shape to medieval European scholasticism. Despite its formative place in Eurasian history, however, scholarship on Central Asian Buddhism remains remote for nonspecialist Buddhologists and general readers. Much of this scarcity is due to the paucity of primary sources: the archaeological and material record remains fragmentary; the agents of transmission, translation, and innovation are too often nameless or otherwise untraceable; and primary languages have been long dead. Few general overviews are available of the rich scholarship on Central Asian Buddhism to help fill this gap. To compound matters, vast bodies of contemporary secondary scholarship in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Tibetan, and Mongolian remain inaccessible to nonspecialists in Europe and North America. While a comprehensive guide to that enormous, global scholarly literature would be a worthwhile contribution, it is well beyond the purview of this article (and of the Oxford Bibliographies in Buddhism series more generally). What follows is a necessarily partial bibliography aimed at providing accessible scholarship for nonspecialists, undergraduate educators, and general readers. As such, its linguistic bias is with European-language scholarship. Even so, the sources described below will quickly lead interested readers to key, non-European-language specialist studies, relevant scholarly journals, and databases of primary sources according to interest and linguistic ability.
Kocher Criteria Revisited in the Era of MRI: How Often Does the Kocher Criteria Identify Underlying Osteomyelitis?
Authors: Nguyen Alex , Kan J. Herman , Bisset George , Rosenfeld Scott 
Published: August 2015

Background:
The Kocher criteria are established clinical parameters that predict hip septic arthritis (SA) with a 93% or greater positive-predictive value when 3 or 4 variables are present. The incidence of osteomyelitis (OM) in these patients has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of OM in patients who have 3 or 4 positive Kocher criteria.

Methods:
A total of 71 consecutive patients (mean age, 4.7 y) treated between January 2007 and July 2013 for suspected hip SA who had 3 or 4 positive Kocher criteria were retrospectively reviewed. The Kocher criteria variables include: non–weight-bearing status, fever>38.5°C, white blood cell>12 K, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate>40 mm/h. All patients underwent ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging as part of their workup.

Results:
There were a total of 71 patients with 3 or 4 positive Kocher criteria. Of these, 22.5% (n=16) had a diagnosis of SA and 47.9% (n=34) had a diagnosis of OM. Of the 71 patients, 52.1% (37/71) had a hip effusion on US. When an effusion was identified, 18.9% (7/37) had isolated SA, 18.9% (7/37) had isolated OM, and 24.3% (9/37) had combined SA and OM. When no effusion was identified, a total of 18/34 (52.9%) had underlying OM.

Conclusions:
Patients with 3 or 4 Kocher criteria have a high incidence (47.9%) of OM. Even in patients with a hip effusion on US, the incidence of OM was equal to that of SA. These results suggest that the combination of Kocher criteria and US alone is not sufficient to make a diagnosis in patients presenting with hip irritability and consideration should be given to adding magnetic resonance imaging to their workup.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective chart review.
How Does Patient Radiation Exposure Compare With Low-dose O-arm Versus Fluoroscopy for Pedicle Screw Placement in Idiopathic Scoliosis?
Authors: Su Alvin W. , McIntosh Amy L. , Schueler Beth A. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Winkler Jennifer A. , Stans Anthony A. , Larson A. Noelle 
Published: August 2015

Background:
Intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy and low-dose O-arm are both reasonable means to assist in screw placement for idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Both using pediatric low-dose O-arm settings and minimizing the number of radiographs during C-arm fluoroscopy guidance decrease patient radiation exposure and its deleterious biological effect that may be associated with cancer risk. We hypothesized that the radiation dose for C-arm-guided fluoroscopy is no less than low-dose O-arm scanning for placement of pedicle screws.

Methods:
A multicenter matched-control cohort study of 28 patients in total was conducted. Fourteen patients who underwent O-arm-guided pedicle screw insertion for spinal fusion surgery in 1 institution were matched to another 14 patients who underwent C-arm fluoroscopy guidance in the other institution in terms of the age of surgery, body weight, and number of imaged spine levels. The total effective dose was compared. A low-dose pediatric protocol was used for all O-arm scans with an effective dose of 0.65 mSv per scan. The effective dose of C-arm fluoroscopy was determined using anthropomorphic phantoms that represented the thoracic and lumbar spine in anteroposterior and lateral views, respectively. The clinical outcome and complications of all patients were documented.

Results:
The mean total effective dose for the O-arm group was approximately 4 times higher than that of the C-arm group (P<0.0001). The effective dose for the C-arm patients had high variability based on fluoroscopy time and did not correlate with the number of imaged spine levels or body weight. The effective dose of 1 low-dose pediatric O-arm scan approximated 85 seconds of the C-arm fluoroscopy time. All patients had satisfactory clinical outcomes without major complications that required returning to the operating room.

Conclusions:
Radiation exposure required for O-arm scans can be higher than that required for C-arm fluoroscopy, but it depends on fluoroscopy time. Inclusion of more medical centers and surgeons will better account for the variability of C-arm dose due to distinct patient characteristics, surgeon’s preference, and individual institution’s protocol.

Level of Evidence:
Level III–case-control study.
Intravenous Infiltration Resulting in Compartment Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pare Joseph R. , Moore Christopher L. 
Published: August 2015

Objective
To determine characteristics of patients who develop compartment syndrome (CS) from IV infiltration requiring surgical intervention.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted of available English literature from 1990 to date. Key terms were entered into a MEDLINE search in addition to searching grey literature and references of included manuscripts. Inclusion criteria were cases of CS requiring surgical intervention from IV infiltration. Exclusions were cases associated with phenytoin because of the unclear mechanism leading to injury (purple glove syndrome). Cases were reviewed for demographics, clinical information, and outcomes.

Results
Literature search resulted in 32 manuscripts meeting inclusion with 51 cases. Age ranged from 3 days to 81 years (19.6% age <1 year [10/51], 21.6% age 1–18 years [11/51], and 58.8% age >18 years [30/51]). IV sites were reported in 43 cases: hand 46.5%, forearm 46.5%, foot 4.7%, and leg 2.3% ([20/43], [20/43], [2/43], [1/43]). Of the 42 cases reporting patient mental status, 76.2% (32/42) had impaired mental state or limited communication including young age defined as younger than 3 years. Common associated agents were contrast 36.2%, IV fluid 34%, and mannitol 8.5% ([18/47], [16/47], [4/47]). One patient required hand amputation, 5 had persistent deficits, 36 had no long-term deficits, and 9 cases did not report patient outcomes.

Conclusion
Compartment syndrome affects patients of all ages with a significant number of patients being pediatric and specifically younger than 1 year. Patients at highest risk of developing CS requiring surgery from IV infiltration are likely to have barriers to communication.
Racial-ethnic diversity in Canada: competitive edge or corporate encumbrance? Part One
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Kryvenko Oleksandr , Rodriguez Parada Mauricio , Soochan Melina Rodica , Shapiro Barbara T. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this two-part paper is to explore the relationship between multiculturalism and performance, and attempt to reconcile some of the varying points of views, in order to suggest practical implications for managers in the workplace.Design/methodology/approach– A review of the literature regarding both diversity and performance was performed. Next, the focus was on the relationship specifically between racial-ethnic diversity and performance. To show the relevance of the paper, materials dedicated to Canadian population and immigration was included.Findings– It is still somewhat inconclusive whether diversity can have a definite positive or negative impact on organizational performance. The literature reviewed shows that authors have differing opinions. One element appears to be clear: diversity of itself does not necessarily bring benefit. For a diverse group to perform well, it must be well managed. Diversity remains an underused tool that managers have yet to learn to utilize.Research limitations/implications– At the time of writing, there was not a significant amount of published material on the direct relationship between multiculturalism and performance. This paper attempts to gather and make sense of the various views formalized thus far and puts forth a new question of how to turn multiculturalism in the workplace into an asset for organizations.Practical implications– Managers still do not agree on how to take full advantage of diversity. As the Canadian workforce becomes more and more diverse, so increases the importance of addressing and answering this question in practical terms. Especially facing the increased globalization of corporations, taking advantage of the untapped potential that resides in a culturally diverse work team should be at the top of every international company’s goals.Social implications– The importance of studying the relationship between multiculturalism and performance is crucial because in developed countries like Canada organizations are becoming increasingly culturally diverse. Much has been written about the effect of group diversity on conflict and creativity, on the performance of heterogeneous groups vs homogeneous groups, on organizational commitment among ethnic minorities, and on self-fulfilling performance expectations.Originality/value– This paper is a useful source for managers interested in understanding the real value of diversity in the workplace, as well as for researchers studying the relationship between corporate diversity and corporate performance.
Learning isn’t changing
Authors: Little Bob 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– An exploration of what’s changing – and what is not – in the world of corporate learning. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– Discussion paper with special reference to the report “A Review of the e-learning markets of the UK, EU and China 2014”, published by Learning Light in 2014.

Findings
– Learning is not changing – but the need and the opportunities for that learning are expanding. What is changing in the learning world is not learning per se but delivery technologies – and also the relative importance in the overall learning delivery mix of this growing range of learning delivery technologies.

Research limitations/implications
– We’re standing on the shoulders of giants but we appear to be looking at an extremely foggy landscape. And, since we do not have “20/20 foresight”, our danger is that we spend our time “training to fight the last war” rather than “training to win the next war”.

Practical implications
– There are a number of technological factors as well as demographic factors that learning and development professionals need to take into account when designing and developing (online) learning materials.

Social implications
– As technology makes the work of subject matter experts more accessible, other factors – such as money or time availability – are likely to come into play to maintain some form of established intellectual elite.

Originality/value
– An attempt to discern some current trends and extrapolate them.
The challenges to performance and sustaining mutual health organisations/health institutions
Authors: Adomah-Afari Augustine 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore challenges to the performance and sustainability of mutual health organisations (MHOs) and health institutions towards enhancing access to quality health care (HC) in Ghana.Design/methodology/approach– Data were gathered through interviews and documentary review.Findings– Problems with late release of reimbursement funds for discharging with claims by the central government has impacted heavily on the financial and strategic management and decision-making processes of the MHOs and health institutions.Research limitations/implications– The lack of in-depth analysis of the financial viability of the MHOs; and the limited number of schemes selected.Practical implications– Recommends the need to ensure prompt release of reimbursement funds by government to enable the MHOs to reimburse claims to health institutions.Social implications– There is a perceived tension between the MHOs and HC institutions due to late release of reimbursement funds by the government.Originality/value– Contributes to understanding of how the NHI Act influences the operations of MHOs and health institutions towards increasing access to quality HC and financing.
Using fuzzy gap analysis to measure service quality of medical tourism in Taiwan
Authors: Ho Li-Hsing , Feng Shu-Yun , Yen Tieh-Min 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is intended to create a model to measure quality of service, using fuzzy linguistics to analyze the quality of service of medical tourism in Taiwan so as to find the direction for improvement of service quality in medical tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study developed fuzzy questionnaires based on the characteristics of medical tourism quality of service in Taiwan. Questionnaires were delivered and recovered from February to April 2014, using random sampling according to the proportion of medical tourism companies in each region, and 150 effective samples were obtained. The critical quality of service level is found through the fuzzy gap analysis using questionnaires examining expectations and perceptions of customers, as the direction for continuous improvement.

Findings
– From the study, the primary five critical service items that improve the quality of service for medical tourism in Taiwan include, in order: the capability of the service provider to provide committed medical tourism services reliably and accurately, facility service providers in conjunction with the services provided, the cordial and polite attitude of the service provider eliciting a sense of trust from the customer, professional ability of medical (nursing) personnel in hospital and reliability of service provider.

Originality/value
– The contribution of this study is to create a fuzzy gap analysis to assess the performance of medical tourism service quality, identify key quality characteristics and provide a direction for improvement and development for medical tourism service quality in Taiwan.
The effect of age, gender and education level on customer evaluations of retail furniture store atmospheric attributes
Authors: Yildirim Kemal , Cagatay Kubulay , Hidayetoğlu Mehmet Lütfi 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the effect of age, gender and education level on customer evaluations of store atmospheric attributes (colour, lighting type, musical genre/tempo/volume, circulation area, lighting, climatic conditions, ambient scent and cleanliness) in the context of retail furniture stores.Design/methodology/approach– To that end, a questionnaire was administered to 273 customers who shopped at furniture stores in the Siteler district of Ankara. The reliability coefficients of the data were defined based on their percentage values. Then, to examine the effect of age, gender and education level on customer evaluations of store atmospheric attributes, the appropriateχ2 analysis was applied.Findings– Significant differences in customer evaluations of store atmospheric attributes emerged based on age, gender and education level. Based on those results, certain store atmospheric attributes (colour, lighting type, musical genre/tempo/volume) preferred by customers were suggested to enhance the design of furniture stores. In addition, the store’s circulation area, lighting, climatic conditions, ambient scent and cleanliness were found to have a significant impact on the duration of customer visits to furniture stores.Originality/value– The study scientifically assessed the effects of age, gender and education on the perceptions of customers in terms of ambient atmosphere. Application of these findings to store design should have positive effects on the willingness of customers to remain in the store and should positively affect their shopping decisions.
Consumer-to-store employee and consumer-to-self-service technology (SST) interactions in a retail setting
Authors: Lee Hyun-Joo 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the underlying mechanism of how consumer-to-store employee and consumer-to-self-service technology (SST) interaction qualities contribute to consumer retail patronage.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 300 surveys for each type of in-store kiosk were used for the data analysis. The proposed model was analysed using structural equation modelling.

Findings
– This study suggests a direct link from SST usage frequency to perception of SST service quality. Also, retail patronage intentions were positively influenced by both interpersonal service quality and SST service quality, and SST usage intentions were positively affected by retail patronage intentions. Lastly, three causal links were shown to be dissimilar between the two types of in-store kiosk: interpersonal service quality-retail patronage intentions, SST service quality-retail patronage intentions, and SST service quality-SST usage intentions. The remaining links were similar for both types of in-store kiosks.

Originality/value
– Previous empirical work on this topic has mostly been limited to investigations of service quality of either a human- or a technology-based service option. In contrast, the current study incorporates both interpersonal service quality and SST service quality as critical factors affecting retail patronage intentions and thus provides an important opportunity to advance the understanding of consumer-to-store employee and consumer-to-SST interaction qualities and their contribution to consumer retail patronage.
An examination of the online service-profit chain
Authors: Bressolles Grégory , Durrieu Francois , Deans Kenneth R 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the service-profit chain (SPC) on e-service quality dimensions, online customer value (CV) dimensions, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty in an e-commerce context.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 2,813 internet customers filled in an online questionnaire after completing a specified task on one of 28 wine web sites from seven countries.Findings– The results highlight the impact of the dimensions of e-service quality (information, aesthetics, ease of use, security/privacy, and reliability) on the dimensions of online CV (functional, economic, and social value) as they affect e-satisfaction, which in turn influences e-loyalty. The results validate the SPC in an e-commerce context and also stress the partial mediating role of the dimensions of online CV between the dimensions of e-service quality and e-satisfaction.Research limitations/implications– The sample may not exactly match the customer profile of the web sites analyzed. In order to generalize the results, future research should replicate this study with a customer sample from each web site. Future research could also take into account other variables that may have an influence on the relationships identified. Additionally it would be interesting to replicate the study in other industries and undertake longitudinal studies in one or more industries.Practical implications– From a managerial point of view, online retailers, especially in the wine sector, can positively affect CV, satisfaction, and loyalty by focussing on information, aesthetics, ease of use, security/privacy, and reliability.Originality/value– This paper is the first to study the SPC by examining service quality dimensions, CV dimensions, satisfaction, and loyalty in an online context. It extends the knowledge of online retailing by validating the SPC on the dimensions of traditional service concepts, such as service quality and CV. The findings can assist online retailers to better understand the dynamics of online customer relationships and the implications for customer satisfaction and ultimately loyalty.