bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer Mortality in Men Aged 70 Years Who Recently Underwent Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening
Authors: Chung Dana H. , Caverly Tanner J. , Schipper Matthew J. , Hofer Timothy P. , Gulati Roman , Rose Brent S. , Caram Megan E. V. , Tsao Phoebe A. , Stensland Kristian D. , Elliott David , Saini Sameer D. , Bryant Alex K. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceContinuing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening after age 70 years might benefit men at high risk of prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) or metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa), but the relative value of clinical factors (race and ethnicity, competing mortality, and PSA history) in identifying men at higher vs lower risk is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the value of PSA levels, race and ethnicity, and competing mortality in risk stratification for PCSM and mPCa in men after age 70 years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, clinical data of all men receiving health care through the Veterans Health Administration who turned age 70 years between 2008 and 2020 and had a normal screening PSA value between age 65 and 69 years (&amp;lt;4 ng/mL [baseline PSA]) and no prior history of prostate cancer or biopsy were examined. The data cutoff date was December 26, 2023.ExposureThe most recent screening PSA value from age 65 to 69 years, self-reported race and ethnicity, and competing mortality risk derived from a machine learning model.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe 10-year absolute risk of PCSM and mPCa were determined using regression modeling.ResultsThe cohort included 921 609 men who turned 70 years between 2008 and 2020; 11% of whom self-reported as Black and 82% as White race. Between age 65 and 70 years, 45% of patients had a baseline PSA of less than 1.00 ng/mL, and 32% had a baseline PSA of 1.00 to 1.99 ng/mL. Most patients (87%) continued to undergo screening past age 70 years, with little variation by competing mortality risk or race and ethnicity. The 10-year cumulative incidence of PCSM was 0.26% overall, and 95% of men had a 10-year risk less than 0.73%. Higher baseline PSA level between age 65 and 69 years was associated with 10-year PCSM risk (0.79% for 3.00-3.99 ng/mL vs 0.10% for 0.20-0.99 ng/mL), race and ethnicity (0.36% for Black vs 0.25% for White), and competing mortality (0.24% for the highest quintile vs 0.21% for the lowest quintile). Similar results were found for mPCa. Low PSA (0.20-0.99 ng/mL) was associated with very low PCSM and mPCa risk, even among Black men in the healthiest quintile of competing mortality risk (10-year PCSM risk, 0.08% [95% CI, 0.01%-0.44%]; 10-year mPCa risk 0.24% [95% CI, 0.10%-0.52%]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the findings suggest that most men receiving care through the VHA continue PSA screening after age 70 years despite low absolute 10-year PCSM risks. The PSA values from age 65 to 69 years may be highly informative for adverse prostate cancer outcomes after age 70 years, with a PSA less than 1 ng/mL associated with a very low risk of long-term PCSM and mPCa.
2D Kagome Materials: Theoretical Insights, Experimental Realizations, and Electronic Structures
Authors: Zhang Zhongqin , Dai Jiaqi , Wang Cong , Zhu Hua , Pang Fei , Cheng Zhihai , Ji Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn recent years, kagome materials have attracted significant attention due to their rich emergent phenomena arising from the quantum interplay of geometry, topology, spin, and correlations. However, in the search for kagome materials, it has been found that bulk compounds with electronic properties related to the kagome lattice are relatively scarce, primarily due to the hybridization of kagome layers with adjacent layers. Therefore, researchers have shown increasing interest in the discovery and construction of 2D kagome materials, aiming to achieve clean kagome bands near the Fermi level in monolayer or few‐layer systems. Substantial advancements have already been made in this area. In this review, the current progress is summarized in the construction and development of 2D kagome materials. The geometric and electronic structures of the kagome lattice model begin by introducing its variants, followed by discussions on the experimental realizations and electronic structure characterizations of 2D kagome materials. Finally, an outlook is provided on the future developments of 2D kagome materials.
Blood‐Triggering Phase Transformational Hydrogel for Endovascular Embolization
Authors: Liu Menghui , Sun Yang , Zhou Yitong , Chen Yanlv , He Chuandong , Zhao Qing , Yan Leye , He Jianan , Guo Jingpei , Liu Kecheng , Li Yongchao , Lin JiaYuan , Liao Weihua , Shan Hong , Peng Xin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHydrogels exhibit potential as embolic agents; however, external stimuli for gelation in vessels are difficult to operate or have poor biocompatibility, and shear‐thinning hydrogels are under the risk of being washed away. Herein, a blood‐triggering phase transformational hydrogel for endovascular embolization is reported. First, quaternized chitosan (QCS), tannic acid (TA) and iohexol (I) solutions are mixed to prepare a radiopaque and injectable QCS/TA/I (QTI) hydrogel. Upon contacting blood, Na+ in blood can form coordination bonds with gel network to increase cross‐linking densities, resulting in phase transformation from a soft and injectable hydrogel to a casted and stiffened QTI‐blood hydrogel without any other operation. Moreover, the injection force and complete transformation time of the QTI hydrogels as well as the mechanical properties of their derived hydrogels are adjustable, which is helpful for customizing embolic agents according to different lesions. In animal experiments, QTI hydrogel has demonstrated its efficacy and safety in embolizing renal artery and ruptured femoral artery in rabbits, as well as the renal artery, profunda femoral artery (≈4 mm in diameter), and retia mirabilia with plexiform structure in pigs. This work not only develops a novel liquid embolic agent but also reveals a new strategy for blood‐triggering phase transformation.
Organic Semiconductor‐Based Polarized Photodetectors for Next‐Generation Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wu Xianshuo , Wang Zhaofeng , Sun Lingjie , Ren Yiwen , Liu Ying , Li Rongjin , Ding Ran , Wei Yuping , Yang Fangxu , Feng Jing , Hu Wenping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhen light interacts with diverse media via reflection, transmission, and scattering, its polarization state alters, encoding the spectral information specific to the object's features. With advancements in the smart era, polarization detection is progressing toward miniaturization, integration, and enhanced multifunctionality, where polarization‐sensitive active layers are pivotal. Organic semiconductors—featuring chemically tailored photoelectric properties and precisely engineered optical anisotropy, as well as cost‐effectiveness and flexibility—emerge as promising candidates for next‐generation polarized‐light detection. This review highlights the cutting‐edge progress of organic‐semiconductor–based photodetectors in polarization‐sensitive detection. Beginning with a brief introduction to polarization detection, it then summarizes recent developments in organic materials sensitive to linear and circular polarization light, specifically focusing on organic single crystals and aligned conjugated polymers for linear polarization detection; chiral small molecules, chiral conjugated polymers, and chiral supramolecules for circular polarization detection. Advanced applications of these materials, including polarization imaging, biomimetic vision, and information encryption are subsequently discussed. The review concludes by highlighting the prevailing challenges and outlining future research directions essential for advancing high‐performance, integrated polarization‐sensitive photodetectors in this rapidly evolving field.
Molecular Engineering of Organic Electrode Materials for Beyond Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yunling , Ye Hualin , Li Yanguang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), known for their high energy density and long cycle life, have become indispensable in everyday applications. Unfortunately, the increasing demand for LIBs raises concerns about the sustainability of lithium resources. Non‐lithium metal‐ion batteries have therefore garnered significant attention due to their abundant resources and potential cost advantages. Yet, their widespread adoption is hindered by the limited availability of high‐performance cathode materials. Organic electrode materials (OEMs) have emerged as promising candidates, owing to their structural diversity and tunability, allowing them to accommodate large cations. Despite their potential, most OEMs suffer from unsatisfactory cyclability, poor rate performance, and low energy density. This review summarizes recent advancements in improving the electrochemical performance of OEMs, focusing on molecular engineering approaches to mitigate their dissolution, and to enhance their conductivity and energy density. The charge storage mechanism and current challenges associated with OEMs are first discussed. Various molecular engineering strategies designed to address these challenges are then explored, including linkage engineering to improve cycle stability and electronic engineering to enhance rate performance and energy density. Finally, insights are provided about the future development of OEMs in next‐generation battery technologies beyond LIBs.
Recent Advances in Membrane Synthesis by Interfacial Polymerization for Pervaporation
Authors: Jiang Lei , Luo Tingting , Yuan Shushan , Wang Yue , Xiao Xin , Wang Ruoxin , Sun Hao , Wang Huanting , Jin Pengrui , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of advanced composite membranes for pervaporation (PV) via interfacial polymerization (IP) has attracted increasing interest for various chemical separations. These membranes achieve precise separation via the construction of a cross‐linked membrane structure, thereby surpassing the challenging trade‐off between the permeation flux and separation factor. This review provides a comprehensive review of IPs in solvent dehydration, biofuel recovery, and desalination in PV technology. The fundamentals of the PV process are introduced, including the essential performance parameters and transport mechanisms. A comprehensive analysis of optimization is subsequently performed on the basis of the membrane structure. Attention is given to the preparation of selective layers and interlayers, along with potential optimization strategies, encompassing monomer modification, the integration of nanomaterials, and emerging interlayer materials, with the goal of determining proper conditions for maintaining optimal permeability and selectivity. Further discussion focuses on emerging IP strategies, such as employing metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and porous organic cages as building blocks. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis evaluates performance across diverse applications, such as solvent dehydration, biofuel recovery, organic–organic separation, and desalination. The discussion also highlights unresolved scientific and technical challenges, aiming to inspire advancements in next‐generation PV membranes.
Diverse Metal Ion Polyelectrolytes as Hole Transport Layers for Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shoukat Faiza , Lee Seongbeom , Lee Jin Hee , Khan Yeasin , Walker Bright , Park Sung Heum , Seo Jung Hwa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work investigates the role of metal ion‐doped (Cs+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) PEDOT:PSS films as hole transport layers (HTLs) in quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). These HTLs lead to enhanced device performance through reduced defect density, improved hole mobility, and prolonged photoluminescence lifetime. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reveals structural modifications in CsPbBr3 films, with enhanced crystallinity resulting from the elimination of excess long‐chain cations. Morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate the influence of metal doping on surface coverage and nanoscale roughness. Time‐resolved photoluminescence (TR‐PL) analysis confirms reduced nonradiative recombination, supporting improved film quality. Devices with Ni:PEDOT:PSS exhibit the highest external quantum efficiency, while Cs:PEDOT:PSS and Cu:PEDOT:PSS offer enhanced stability, achieving significantly longer operational lifetimes. These findings highlight the potential of metal‐doped PEDOT:PSS in optimizing the structural, optical, and electrical properties of perovskite materials, paving the way for more stable and efficient PeLEDs.
Fibroblast Activation Protein Acts as a Biomarker for Monitoring ECM Remodeling During Aortic Aneurysm via 68Ga‐FAPI‐04 PET Imaging
Authors: Hu Chengkai , Tan Hui , Zhang Yuchong , Cao Genmao , Wu Chenye , Lin Peng , Qiu Shouji , Mo Fandi , Wang Enci , Li Shiyi , Yuan Tong , Li Zheyun , Fu Weiguo , Cheng Dengfeng , Lai Hao , Chen Xiaoyuan , Wang Lixin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTraditional imaging modalities used to monitor the diameter of aortic aneurysms (AAs) often fail to follow pathological progression. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a key regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, plays a pivotal role in aortic disease. However, its expression in the aortic wall during aneurysm progression and its potential correlation with disease severity remains unexplored. Here, utilizing histology the levels of FAP are higher in the aortic wall of patients with AA compared to healthy controls. In three distinct animal models of AA, a progressive increase in FAP expression, coincides with the advancement of ECM remodeling. Notably, the levels of 68Ga‐FAPI‐04 uptake in a rabbit model of abdominal AA (AAA) is positively correlated with aortic dilation (r = 0.84, p < 0.01), and the histological examination further confirmed that regions of high 68Ga‐FAPI‐04 uptake exhibited both increased FAP expression and more severe pathological changes. The 68Ga‐FAPI‐04 imaging in AA patients showed that the radiotracer specifically accumulated in the aortic walls of persistently dilated AA. These findings suggest that 68Ga‐FAPI‐04 positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging, by visualizing FAP localization, allows for a non‐invasive approach to potentially monitor ECM remodeling during the AA progression.
Advances in Electrical Materials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Yao Yubin , Cui Xi , Ding Shenglong , Wang Ketao , Zhang Mingzhu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSevere bone and cartilage defects caused by trauma are challenging to treat, often resulting in poor outcomes. An endogenous electric field (EnEF) is crucial for bone regeneration, making electrical materials a promising therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of bioelectric signals in bone and cartilage cells, alongside recent advancements in electrical biomaterials, with particular emphasis on nanogenerators, piezoelectric materials, triboelectric scaffolds, and zwitterionic hydrogels. It further investigates the impact of these electrical biomaterials on bone and cartilage regeneration, as well as the applications of both endogenous and exogenous electrical stimulation (ES) and the mechanisms underlying ES‐induced cellular and molecular responses. Finally, the review underscores future directions for ES systems in tissue engineering, emphasizing the critical importance of integrating structural integrity, mechanical properties, and electrical signal delivery into intelligent implantable scaffolds.
Laser‐Induced Graphene from Commercial Inks and Dyes
Authors: Dallinger Alexander , Camerini Rachel , Parlanti Paola , Gemmi Mauro , Sankaran Sreenadh Thaikkattu , Galliani Marina , Kunert Birgit , Giorgi Rodorico , Greco Francesco 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLaser‐induced graphene (LIG) has been so far obtained from polymer precursors and proposed for numerous applications, including various types of sensors and energy storage solutions. This study examines a radically different class of new precursors for LIG, distinct from polymers: inks and dyes. The identification of specific organic dyes present in commercial markers demonstrates that the aromatic structure, in conjunction with high thermal stability (residual weight > 20% at 800°C), are key factors for laser‐induced pyrolysis. Eosin Y is identified as an excellent LIG precursor, comparable with well‐known polyimide. The unique properties of dyes allow for dispersion in various media, such as acrylic binder. A dye concentration of 0.75 mol L−1 in acrylic binder results in a conductivity of 34 ± 20 S cm−1 for LIG. The composition and microstructure of LIG from dyes are thoroughly characterized, revealing peculiar features. A versatile “Paint & Scribe” methodology is introduced, enabling to integrate LIG tracks onto any wettable surface, and in particular onto printed and flexible electronics. A process for obtaining freestanding and transferrable LIG is demonstrated by dissolving acrylic paint in acetone and floating LIG in water. This advancement offers novel avenues for diverse applications that necessitate a transfer process of LIG.
Subsurface Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Surface Reconstruction and Depolarization of Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (001) Surface
Authors: Jeong Jeehun , Hwang Jaejin , Xing Yaolong , Wang Zhipeng , Lee Jaekwang , Oh Sang Ho 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe interplay between surface reconstruction and depolarization of ferroelectric oxide surfaces is strongly influenced by oxygen vacancies (VO). Using in‐situ atomic‐resolution electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy techniques, it is directly observed that a clean BaTiO3 (001) surface stabilizes into (2 × 1) BaO‐terminated reconstruction during vacuum annealing. This surface reconstruction is achieved with accommodating BaO deficiency and incorporates TiOx adunits. The cooperative atomic rumpling in both the surface and subsurface layers, arranged in a tail‐to‐tail configuration, is stabilized by planar accumulation of VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer. This reduces the net polarization of surface unit cells, contributing to overall depolarization. Under this atomic rumpling, the polarization‐down (P↓) state is energetically favored over the polarization‐up (P↑) state, as the P↓ state requires less atomic relaxation in the bulk layers to achieve dipole inversion at the subsurface. The energetic preference for VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer of the P↓ state is confirmed through calculations of VO formation energy and the energy barrier for surface‐to‐subsurface migration. These findings reveal that the presence of VO in the subsurface layer lifts the degeneracy in the double‐well potential between the P↓ and P↑ states in BaTiO3 (001).
Electrostatic Co‐Assembly of Cyanine Pair for Augmented Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Huang Haiqiao , Wu Yingnan , He Xin , Liu Yahang , Zhu Jing‐Hui , Gu Mingrui , Zhou Danhong , Long Saran , Chen Yahui , Wang Lei , Li Mingle , Chen Xiaoqiang , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMolecular phototheranostic dyes are of eminent interest for oncological diagnosis and imaging‐guided phototherapy. However, it remains challenging to develop photosensitizers (PSs) that simultaneously integrate high‐contrast photoacoustic imaging and efficient therapeutic capabilities. In this work, a supramolecular strategy is employed to construct a molecular pair phototheranostic agent via the direct self‐assembly of two cyanines, C5TNa (anionic) and Cy‐Et (cationic). The Coulombic interactions between C5TNa and Cy‐Et facilitate the formation of a complementary cyanine pair (C5T‐ET) and the creation of supramolecular CT‐J‐type aggregates in water. This complementary cyanine pair (C5T‐ET) results in completely quenched fluorescence and significantly enhances nonradiative deactivation (≈22 ps), leading to a 3.3‐fold increase in photothermal conversion efficiency and a 7.1‐fold enhancement in photoacoustic response compared to indocyanine green (ICG). As a result, the J‐type aggregate cyanine pair (C5T‐ET) demonstrates high photoacoustic imaging capability and remarkable antitumor phototheranostic efficacy in vivo, highlighting its potential for clinical applications. This work provides strong experimental evidence for the superior performance of the complementary cyanine pair (C5T‐ET) in enhancing photosensitization and photoacoustic response. It is believed that this strategy will propel the advancement of controllable dye J‐aggregates and contribute to the practical implementation of photoacoustic imaging and phototherapy in vivo.
Constructing Compact Hybrid Buffer Interface via Ion Agglomeration Zone Electrolyte for Stable Zn Metal Battery
Authors: Chen Yefei , He Weidong , Zhao Kangning , Luo Xingyun , Zhang Jiafeng , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of aqueous Zn batteries is plagued by longevity limited at practical condition, due to the unstable electrode‐electrolyte interface. Here, this work designs an extended‐scale ion agglomeration zone (EIAZ) electrolyte to obtain anion combined with cation structures and reduce water activity. The electrolyte nanostructure features nanometer‐scale depleted water zones in which ion pairs are densely packed together to form EIAZ, which facilitates compact hybrid buffer interface formed via a collective ion transmission process and ionic co‐opetition relationship. The convergence and densification models of buffer interface for Zn surface is the result of cations adaptive adsorption that mitigates the concentration polarization of interfacial Zn2+ and prevents water contact with electrodes, constituting an indispensable premise for stabilizing both anode and cathode interface. Moreover, unique electrolyte nanostructure achieves Zn crystallographic optimization and fast interfacial reaction kinetics, generating ultralong cycling stability of 5500 h. Therefore, zinc‐organic batteries can exert outstanding stability for over 3000 cycles and 1000 cycles under high current (10 A g‒1) and high mass loading (14 mg cm−2). Impressively, pouch cell shows an excellent capacity retention of 99.8% with 26.1 mAh after 250 cycles. This study offers a novel perspective for designing electrolyte nanostructures and electrode interfaces for high‐performance Zn batteries.
Can reducing administrative burdens increase benefit amounts? Evidence from SNAP simplified reporting
Authors: Fannin W. Clay 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRelaxing administrative burdens can boost enrollment in benefit programs. However, administrative burdens can influence other outcomes of interest. Simplified reporting is a state policy option that reduces the amount of information Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients must report between certifications. Using SNAP Quality Control data, I find that simplified reporting meaningfully and robustly reduced SNAP payment error rates and increased SNAP benefits. The results imply that easing certain administrative burdens can, not only stimulate program uptake, but also increase benefit levels.