bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalisation and Austerity in the Crosshairs: Government Perspectives on the Remaking of Adult Social Care
Authors: POWER ANDREW 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPersonalisation has now become centre-stage in adult social care and continues to have an enduring level of political commitment and on-going appeal for many disabled people. And yet its roll-out has taken place during a time of austerity where central governments in many neo-liberal countries are re-imagining (read: shrinking) their role in social care provision. This paper reports on findings from an empirical study of relevant government officials from different countries which have advanced personalisation: Canada, England and the US. It reports on their views on personalisation and the remaking of adult social care, and managing expectations for change. Despite the relative success of personalisation, the findings reveal a tempered, cautious account, with respondents aware of the pitfalls and risks inherent in self-led support, government limitations in changing systems and an end to the primary involvement by the state in the creation of a social care market. With this in mind, the study's findings make a strong case for forms of ‘progressive localism’, as imagined by Featherstoneet al. (2012), in galvanising local community resources alongside more radical politics in order to make self-led support achieve its desired outcomes on the ground.
Crying and suicidal, but not depressed. Pseudobulbar affect in multiple sclerosis successfully treated with valproic acid: Case report and literature review
Authors: Johnson Bridgette , Nichols Scott 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Pseudobulbar affect/emotional incontinence is a potentially disabling condition characterized by expressions of affect or emotions out of context from the normal emotional basis for those expressions. This condition can result in diagnostic confusion and unrelieved suffering when clinicians interpret the emotional expressions at face value. In addition, the nomenclature, etiology, and treatment for this condition remain unclear in the medical literature.Method:We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis who was referred to an inpatient psychiatry unit with complaints of worsening depression along with hopelessness, characterized by unrelenting crying. Our investigation showed that her symptoms were caused by pseudobulbar affect/emotional incontinence stemming from multiple sclerosis.Results:The patient's history of multiple sclerosis and the fact that she identified herself as depressed only because of her incessant crying suggested that her symptoms might be due to the multiple sclerosis rather than to a depressive disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a new plaque consistent with multiple sclerosis lateral to her corpus callosum. Her symptoms resolved completely within three days on valproic acid but returned after she was cross-tapered to dextromethorphan plus quinidine, which is the FDA-approved treatment for this condition.Significance of Results:This case provides important additional information to the current literature on pseudobulbar affect/emotional incontinence. The existing literature suggests a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta) as first-line treatments; however, our patient was taking an SSRI at the time of presentation without appreciable benefit, and her symptoms responded to valproic acid but not to the dextromethorphan/quinidine. In addition, the case and the literature review suggest that the current nomenclature for this constellation of symptoms can be misleading.
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant capacity in the peel and pulp of mixed-species blueberry hybrids
Authors: Ehlenfeldt Mark K. , Camp Mary J. , Wang Shiow Y. 
Published: June 2014

Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity is considered an effective means for controlling diabetes by regulating glucose uptake, and blueberries have been shown to possess high levels of inhibitory activity. In the present study, we examined the variations in α-glucosidase inhibition, phenolic and anthocyanin levels, and antioxidant capacity in the peel and pulp of 16 mixed-species rabbiteye hybrids (Vaccinium asheiReade × Vacciniumspp.), one rabbiteye cultivar (V. ashei) and two highbush hybrids (Vaccinium corymbosum). Peel tissue had, on average, about four times higher levels of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than pulp, and exhibited significantly higher levels of all other measured activities, even though the peel comprised only a small portion of the fruit. Significant variations in the levels of antioxidant activity were observed; however, no consistent differences were observed between the hybrids with various species composition. Significant positive correlations (r≥ 0.84) were found among α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, total anthocyanin (TA) and phenolic levels, and scavenging activity against ROO∙, ∙OH,1O2and H2O2radicals in the extracts from the peel and pulp. There was a high correlation observed between α-glucosidase inhibitory activity levels and ROO∙(ORAC)peel(r= 0.95). A similarly high correlation with TApeel(r= 0.93) suggests that TA would be a suitable assay proxy if a broader genotypic evaluation of blueberry genotypes is desired.
Cellular mechanisms underlying the increased disease severity seen for patients with long QT syndrome caused by compound mutations in KCNQ1
Authors: Harmer Stephen C. , Mohal Jagdeep S. , Royal Alice A. , McKenna William J. , Lambiase Pier D. , Tinker Andrew 
Published: June 2014

The KCNQ1 (potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1) gene encodes the Kv7.1 potassium channel which forms a complex with KCNE1 (potassium voltage-gated channel Isk-related family member 1) in the human heart to produce the repolarizing IKs (slow delayed rectifier potassium current). Mutations in KCNQ1 can perturb IKs function and cause LQT1 (long QT syndrome type 1). In LQT1, compound mutations are relatively common and are associated with increased disease severity. LQT1 compound mutations have been shown to increase channel dysfunction, but whether other disease mechanisms, such as defective channel trafficking, contribute to the increase in arrhythmic risk has not been determined. Using an imaging-based assay we investigated the effects of four compound heterozygous mutations (V310I/R594Q, A341V/P127T, T391I/Q530X and A525T/R518X), one homozygous mutation (W248F) and one novel compound heterozygous mutation (A178T/K422fs39X) (where fs denotes frameshift) on channel trafficking. By analysing the effects in the equivalent of a homozygous, heterozygous and compound heterozygous condition, we identify three different types of behaviour. A341V/P127T and W248F/W248F had no effect, whereas V310I/R594Q had a moderate, but not compound, effect on channel trafficking. In contrast, T391I/Q530X, A525T/R518X and A178T/K422fs39X severely disrupted channel trafficking when expressed in compound form. In conclusion, we have characterized the disease mechanisms for six LQT1 compound mutations and report that, for four of these, defective channel trafficking underlies the severe clinical phenotype.
Multi‐functional high‐isolation dual antenna for controllable wireless charging and NFC communication
Authors: Lee W.‐S. , Kim D.‐Z. , Yu J.‐W. 
Published: June 2014

For stable wireless charging and reliable data communications in mobile devices, the proposed high‐isolation dual antenna operates at two different frequency bands such as 6.78 MHz at wireless charging and 13.56 MHz at near‐field communication (NFC). To increase the isolation between antennas, the proposed dual antenna has an antiparallel coil structure. It has achieved approximately more than 20 dB isolation between antenna ports.
Human memory T cells from the bone marrow are resting and maintain long-lasting systemic memory
Authors: Okhrimenko Anna , Grün Joachim R. , Westendorf Kerstin , Fang Zhuo , Reinke Simon , von Roth Philipp , Wassilew Georgi , Kühl Anja A. , Kudernatsch Robert , Demski Sonya , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Tokoyoda Koji , McGrath Mairi A. , Raftery Martin J. , Schönrich Günther , Serra Alessandro , Chang Hyun-Dong , Radbruch Andreas , Dong Jun 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceMemory T cells are essential components of immunological memory. In the apparent absence of antigen, numbers of recirculating antigen-specific memory T cells dwindle, provoking the question of whether there is immunological memory without memory T cells. Here we show that human memory T cells can reside in the bone marrow as resting cells in terms of proliferation, transcription, and mobility. The repertoire of bone marrow memory T cells is enriched for systemic pathogens representing persistent, recent, and childhood challenges. In terms of absolute numbers, memory T cells specific for systemic antigens are maintained predominantly in the bone marrow, in particular those representing historic encounters.
Model study of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the Gulf of Maine: patterns and drivers for seasonal and interannual variability
Authors: Tian Rucheng , Chen Changsheng , Qi Jianhua , Ji Rubao , Beardsley Robert C. , Davis Cabell 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Coupled physical–biological modelling experiments were made for the period of 1995–2009 to analyse the spatial and interannual variability of nutrients and phytoplankton production in the Gulf of Maine (GOM). The physical model was the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) and the biological model was a Nitrogen, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Detritus (NPZD) model. The simulation was carried out with realistic meteorological surface forcing, five major tidal constituents, river discharge, and observation-based open boundary conditions. The results were robust with comparison to SeaWiFS chlorophyll data and historical data of nitrogen. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis clearly identified two dominant modes in nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics: (1) sustained nutrient supply and phytoplankton production from spring through autumn, and (2) a dominating phytoplankton bloom in spring, relatively low production in summer, and a noticeable bloom in autumn. Mode 1 was a dominant feature in strong tidal energy dissipation regions such as the southwestern shelf of Nova Scotia, Georges Bank, Nantucket Shoals, the Bay of Fundy, and the coastal regions of GOM, where tidal pumping and mixing were the major drivers for the sustained nutrient supply, and primary production showed certain resilience with less interannual variability. Mode 2 was a characteristic in the deep Gulf, the offshore region of the Scotian Shelf, and in the open sea area, where the timing and amplitude of the spring phytoplankton bloom is essentially controlled by the salinity regime, and its interannual variability was significantly influenced by freshening events controlled by local and remote forcing.
Composition temperature-dependent g modes in superfluid neutron stars
Authors: Kantor E. M. , Gusakov M. E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We demonstrate a possibility of existence of peculiar temperature-dependent composition g modes in superfluid neutron stars. We calculate the Brunt–V$\ddot{\rm a}$is$\ddot{\rm a}$l$\ddot{\rm a}$ frequency for these modes, as well as their eigenfrequencies. The latter turn out to be rather large, up to ∼500 Hz for a chosen model of a neutron star. This result indicates, in particular, that use of the barotropic equation of state may be not a good approximation for calculation of inertial modes even in most rapidly rotating superfluid neutron stars.
A no-go theorem for direct collapse black holes without a strong ultraviolet background
Authors: Visbal Eli , Haiman Zoltán , Bryan Greg L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Explaining the existence of supermassive black holes larger than ∼109 M⊙ at redshifts z ≳ 6 remains an open theoretical question. One possibility is that gas collapsing rapidly in pristine atomic cooling haloes (Tvir ≳ 104 K) produces 104–106 M⊙ black holes. Previous studies have shown that the formation of such a black hole requires a strong UV background to prevent molecular hydrogen cooling and gas fragmentation. Recently, it has been proposed that a high UV background may not be required for haloes that accrete material extremely rapidly or for haloes where gas cooling is delayed due to a high baryon-dark matter streaming velocity. In this work, we point out that building up a halo with Tvir ≳ 104 K before molecular cooling becomes efficient is not sufficient for forming a direct collapse black hole (DCBH). Though molecular hydrogen formation may be delayed, it will eventually form at high densities leading to efficient cooling and fragmentation. The only obvious way that molecular cooling could be avoided in the absence of strong UV radiation, is for gas to reach high enough density to cause collisional dissociation of molecular hydrogen (∼104 cm−3) before cooling occurs. However, we argue that the minimum core entropy, set by the entropy of the intergalactic medium when it decouples from the cosmic microwave background, prevents this from occurring for realistic halo masses. This is confirmed by hydrodynamical cosmological simulations without radiative cooling. We explain the maximum density versus halo mass in these simulations with simple entropy arguments. The low densities found suggest that DCBH formation indeed requires a strong UV background.
Overconsumption, outflows and the quenching of satellite galaxies
Authors: McGee Sean L. , Bower Richard G. , Balogh Michael L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The baryon cycle of galaxies is a dynamic process involving the intake, consumption and ejection of vast quantities of gas. In contrast, the conventional picture of satellite galaxies has them methodically turning a large gas reservoir into stars until this reservoir is forcibly removed due to external ram pressure. This picture needs revision. Our modern understanding of the baryon cycle suggests that in some regimes the simple interruption of the fresh gas supply may quench satellite galaxies long before stripping events occur, a process we call overconsumption. We compile measurements from the literature of observed satellite quenching times at a range of redshifts to determine if satellites are principally quenched through orbit-based gas stripping events – either direct stripping of the disc (ram pressure stripping) or the extended gas halo (strangulation) – or from internally driven star formation outflows via overconsumption. These time-scales show significant deviations from the evolution expected for gas stripping mechanisms and suggest that either ram pressure stripping is much more efficient at high redshift, or that secular outflows quench satellites before orbit-based stripping occurs. Given the strong redshift evolution of star formation rates, at high redshift even moderate outflow rates will lead to extremely short delay times with the expectation that high-redshift (z &gt; 1.5) satellites will be quenched almost immediately following the cessation of cosmological inflow. Observations of high-redshift satellites give an indirect but sensitive measure of the outflow rate, with current measurements suggesting that outflows are no larger than 2.5 times the star formation rate for galaxies with a stellar mass of 1010.5 M⊙.
Probing intergalactic neutral hydrogen by the Lyman alpha red damping wing of gamma-ray burst 130606A afterglow spectrum at z = 5.913
Authors: Totani Tomonori , Aoki Kentaro , Hattori Takashi , Kosugi George , Niino Yuu , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Kawai Nobuyuki , Ohta Kouji , Sakamoto Takanori , Yamada Toru 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The unprecedentedly bright optical afterglow of GRB 130606A located by Swift at a redshift close to the reionization era (z = 5.913) provides a new opportunity to probe the ionization status of the intergalactic medium (IGM). Here we present an analysis of the red Lyα damping wing of the afterglow spectrum taken by Subaru/FOCAS during 10.4–13.2 hr after the burst. We find that the minimal model including only the baseline power-law and H i absorption in the host galaxy does not give a good fit, leaving residuals showing concave curvature in 8400–8900 Å with an amplitude of about 0.6% of the flux. Such a curvature in the short wavelength range cannot be explained either by extinction at the host with standard extinction curves, intrinsic curvature of afterglow spectra, or by the known systematic uncertainties in the observed spectrum. The red damping wing by intervening H i gas outside the host can reduce the residual by about 3 σ statistical significance. We find that a damped Lyα system is not favored as the origin of this intervening H i absorption, from the observed Lyβ and metal absorption features. Therefore absorption by diffuse IGM remains as a plausible explanation. A fit by a simple uniform IGM model requires an H i neutral fraction of fH i ∼ 0.1–0.5 depending on the distance to the GRB host, implying high fH i IGM associated with the observed dark Gunn–Peterson (GP) troughs. This gives new evidence that the reionization is not yet complete at z = 6.
Learning Through Noticing: Theory and Evidence from a Field Experiment
*
Authors: Hanna Rema , Mullainathan Sendhil , Schwartzstein Joshua 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We consider a model of technological learning under which people “learn through noticing”: they choose which input dimensions to attend to and subsequently learn about from available data. Using this model, we show how people with a great deal of experience may persistently be off the production frontier because they fail to notice important features of the data they possess. We also develop predictions on when these learning failures are likely to occur, as well as on the types of interventions that can help people learn. We test the model’s predictions in a field experiment with seaweed farmers. The survey data reveal that these farmers do not attend to pod size, a particular input dimension. Experimental trials suggest that farmers are particularly far from optimizing this dimension. Furthermore, consistent with the model, we find that simply having access to the experimental data does not induce learning. Instead, behavioral changes occur only after the farmers are presented with summaries that highlight previously unattended-to relationships in the data.
Temperature Resistance of Xylanase Inhibitors and the Presence of Grain‐Associated Xylanases Affect the Activity of Exogenous Xylanases Added to Pelleted Wheat‐Based Feeds
Authors: Smeets Natasja , Nuyens Filip , Niewold Theo , Van Campenhout Leen 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe addition of exogenous xylanases (EX‐XYL) to wheat‐based poultry feeds is a common practice today. Wheat contains xylanase inhibitors (XI) and grain‐associated xylanases (GA‐XYL), which could affect the action of the EX‐XYL. In this study, both GA‐XYL and XI activity in feeding‐quality wheat were assessed. In addition, the effect of the conditions during digestion in monogastrics and the effects of pelleting at different conditioning temperatures on GA‐XYL and XI were investigated. The GA‐XYL activity varied between no activity and 0.821 XU/g. In contrast, the XI activity was consistently high in all wheat samples and ranged between 259 and 331 IU/g. Simulating the digestive process did not affect the activities of GA‐XYL or XI. Pelleting at 85°C or higher reduced the XI activity up to 46%. GA‐XYL, however, were more heat‐sensitive, and their activity was reduced to 67% at 60°C. The extract viscosity increased and the release of reducing sugars decreased at higher conditioning temperatures. In addition, the net effect of EX‐XYL on extract viscosity increased at higher temperatures, whereas the release of reducing sugars was not affected. In conclusion, XI affected the action of EX‐XYL during the digestive process, and pelleting did not eliminate their negative effects.
Predictors of Low Weight and Tube Feedings in Children With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia at 1 Year of Age
Authors: Pierog Anne , Aspelund Gudrun , Farkouh‐Karoleski Christiana , Wu Mengfei , Kriger Joshua , Wynn Julia , Krishnan Usha , Mencin Ali 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors often have gastrointestinal disorders, and limited outcome data exist. This study reviewed risk factors for low weight and use of feeding tubes after CDH repair at 1 year of age. The hypothesis was that patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or with significant pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) would have lower weight percentiles and more often require tube feedings.Methods:A retrospective chart review of 89 infants with CDH diagnosed in the neonatal period was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression.Results:Seventy‐two patients (81%) survived to 1 year of age. Of these patients, 35% were <5th percentile for weight and 18% were receiving tube feedings. Both ECMO and PAH were associated with an increased risk for requiring tube feedings at 1 year of age, with respective odds ratios of 6.00 (P = 0.01) and 15.75 (P = 0.02); however, neither ECMO nor PAH was associated with low weight at 1 year of age. No statistical correlation was found between an abnormal pH probe and tube feedings at 1 year of age.Conclusions:Patients with CDH are at increased risk for having a weight <5th percentile at 1 year of age. A history of ECMO and PAH are independently associated with an increased requirement for tube feedings at 1 year of age. Close nutritional monitoring and counseling should be considered in all of the patients with CDH, particularly those with a history of ECMO or PAH.