bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Migraine: Expert Opinion
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D. , Lipton Richard B. , Dodick David W. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThe prevalence, disability, progression, and treatment needs associated with chronic migraine (CM) mandate epidemiological, clinical, and basic research to better understand the clinical course of this disorder and to facilitate development of more effective therapies. Such efforts have been significantly impeded by lack of agreement within the headache specialist community of the most appropriate diagnostic criteria for CM.MethodsThis paper reviews the pertinent nosological literature and extensive field testing already performed.ResultsWe recommend that the International Classification of Headache Disorders‐3β criteria for CM be modified. We would remove the need for 5 prior migraine attacks and would replace “Headache considered by patient to be onset migraine and relieved by a triptan or an ergotamine derivative” with “criteria A and B for 1.5 probable migraine.”ConclusionsThe proposed criteria are guided by the aims of accurately characterizing patients with migraine who develop primary chronic daily headache, reflecting the large numbers of patients with CM in clinical practice, and facilitating research into a disorder that is an academic and clinical priority.
Medication Overuse Headache
Authors: Munksgaard Signe B. , Jensen Rigmor H. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundMedication overuse headache (MOH) affects between 1% and 2% of the general population but is present in up to 50% of patients seen in headache centers. There are currently no internationally accepted guidelines for treatment ofMOH.MethodsA review of the current literature on MOH treatment and pathophysiology.ResultsWe conclude that headache frequency can be reduced to episodic headache in more than 50% of the patients by simple detoxification and information. Approximately half the patients will not have need for prophylactic medication after withdrawal. Pain perception is altered in patients withMOHbut can be restored to a baseline pattern, indicating a reversible mechanism in the central sensitization leading to chronic pain. The great comorbidity with depression and anxiety could be a consequence of the altered serotonin metabolism indicating a reversible and potentially treatable condition.ConclusionIncreased focus onMOHis extremely important, asMOHboth can and should be treated and prevented.MOHis thus a diagnosis that should be considered in all chronic headache patients as the very first step in their management strategy. In the general population, prevention campaigns againstMOHare essential to minimize chronic pain disability.
Impact of the ‘Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids’ lifestyle programme on the activity‐ and diet‐related parenting practices of fathers and mothers
Authors: Lloyd A. B. , Lubans D. R. , Plotnikoff R. C. , Morgan P. J. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate the impact of the ‘Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids’ programme on fathers' and mothers' activity‐ and diet‐related parenting practices.MethodsOverweight/obese fathers (n = 87) and their primary school‐aged children (56% boys) were randomized to either (i) 7‐week programme (n = 45) or (ii) control group (n = 42). The programme involved four sessions for fathers only and three for fathers/children. Mothers were not directly involved. Parenting practices of both fathers and mothers were measured using the parenting strategies for eating and activity scale at baseline and 14‐week follow‐up.ResultsIntention‐to‐treat analysis using linear mixed models revealed significant group‐by‐time effects for fathers' limit setting (P = 0.048, d = 0.36) and reinforcement for multiple lifestyle behaviours (P = 0.001, d = 0.79). No significant intervention effects were found for fathers' control, monitoring, discipline or mothers' parenting practices (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme had a positive impact on some parenting practices for fathers but not mothers.
iPad use at the bedside: a tool for engaging patients in care processes during ward rounds?
Authors: Baysari M. T. , Adams K. , Lehnbom E. C. , Westbrook J. I. , Day R. O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work has examined the impact of technology on information sharing and communication between doctors and patients in general practice consultations, but very few studies have explored this in hospital settings.AimsTo assess if, and how, senior clinicians use an iPad to share information (e.g. patient test results) with patients during ward rounds and to explore patients' and doctors' experiences of information sharing events.MethodsTen senior doctors were shadowed on ward rounds on general wards during interactions with 525 patients over 77.3 h, seven senior doctors were interviewed and 180 patients completed a short survey.ResultsDoctors reported that information sharing with patients is critical to the delivery of high‐quality healthcare, but were not seen to use the iPad to share information with patients on ward rounds. Patients did not think the iPad had impacted on their engagement with doctors on rounds. Ward rounds were observed to follow set routines and patient interactions were brief.ConclusionsAlthough the iPad potentially creates new opportunities for information sharing and patient engagement, the ward round may not present the most appropriate context for this to be done.
Assessment of renal involvement in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: a clinical study from Ardabil, Iran
Authors: Bashardoust B. , Maleki N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and AimFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterised by recurrent episodes of painful inflammation in the abdomen, chest or joints. The association between FMF and non‐amyloid glomerulopathies are unusual. In this study, we describe our experiences and observations about renal involvement in patients with FMF.MethodsA total of 108 patients with FMF was enrolled in the study. Twelve patients with FMF were referred to the Nephrology Service, for evaluation and assessment of the degree of renal involvement. All the 12 patients underwent percutaneous ultrasound‐guided renal biopsies and genetic analysis.ResultsOn microscopic examination of the kidney specimens, six patients were found to have amyloidosis, five focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and one patient membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. It seems that in patients with FMF and renal amyloidosis, the response to treatment with colchicine is excellent, but in patients with FMF and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, the response to treatment with colchicine is poor. We present an evidence‐based algorithm, constructed based on literature review, to aid decision making in management of renal involvement in patients with FMF.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that in patients with FMF and renal involvement, non‐amyloid renal lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis in addition to amyloidosis.
Differences in the Subcellular Localization of Choline, Acetylcholine and Atropine Taken up by Mouse Brain Slices in vitro
Authors: Schuberth J. , Sundwall A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMouse brain cortex slices have been incubated with tritium labelled acetylcholine, choline and atropine. The subcellular distribution of radioactivity has then been studied by homogenization of the slices in sucrose and separation of the subcellular particles on a continuous exponential sucrose gradient. It was found that about 30 per cent of the radioactivity in the slices were localized in the fraction containing nerve‐endings and mitochondria. Using differential centrifugation and gradient centrifugation of the crude mitochondrial fraction obtained, it was found that acetylcholine is specifically bound to the nerve‐ending particles. Choline had a subcellular distribution similar to acetylcholine, while atropine was not specifically bound to the nerve‐endings.
Demonstration of a Receptor Reserve for Acetylcholine in the Human Fetus
Authors: Boréus Lars O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe development of the acetylcholine (ACh) receptor function in man was studied by means of determination of dose‐effect curves for ACh action upon fetal smooth muscle tension in vitro. Segments of ileum from human fetuses of various gestational ages (6.5–20.5 cm head‐rump length) were used. Phenoxybenzamine (POB) blocked irreversibly the spasmogenic action of ACh. Exposure of the tissue to low concentrations of POB for a short period led to a shift of the subsequent dose‐effect curve for ACh along the dose‐axis. By varying the length of the POB exposure period (4–10 min) different degrees of shift, i.e. different degrees of antagonism, could be produced. It was found that the shift could amount to as much as about one logarithmic unit with preserved maximum of the dose‐effect curves. This means that activation of only a fraction of ACh receptors is enough for maximal response. Thus, the phenomenon of “receptor reserve” to ACh was demonstrated. Furthermore, the extent of this “reserve” was not significantly changing during the fetal age period studied. It is concluded that the characteristics of ACh receptor function in man are fully developed in early fetal life.
Nervous Control of Urinary Bladder in Cats
Authors: Edvardsen Per 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe bladder response to electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves was recorded in anesthetized cats. Stimulation of the pelvic nerves caused a sustained bladder contraction. This response was not changed significantly by blockade with atropine at 5 cps stimulation, while at 30 cps only an initial contraction was obtained. It was abolished with hexamethonium, whereas it remained unchanged after guanethidine, propranolol and dibenzyline. There was no evidence to suggest the presence of inhibitory fibres. Stimulation of the hypogastric nerves gave rise to an initial contraction followed by relaxation. On continuous stimulation the slope of the pressure/volume curve was flattened in proportion to the strength of stimulation. However, during the relaxation phase of the detrusor muscle, the bladder outlet responded by contraction. The sympathetic response was blocked by guanethidine, but this, in small doses, augmented the contraction phase. Propranolol increased the contraction phase, and in addition converted the relaxation to contraction. The contraction response could be blocked selectively by administration of dibenzyline. It is suggested that adrenergic alpha‐receptors are present both at the bladder outlet, and in the detrusor muscle as well, but that in the latter case their presence is masked by the inhibitory beta‐receptors.
On the Components of the Kr85 Wash‐Out Curves from the Small Intestine of the Cat
Authors: Kampp Mogens , Lundgren Ove , Sjöstrand Johan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe wash‐out of intra‐arterially injected Kr85 from denervated small intestinal segments (mainly jejunum) of the cat was recorded by means of a scintillation detector at various levels of vascular tone. The elimination curve could be resolved into four components (I‐IV) at all blood flow levels. Four independent methods were used in an attempt to localize the different components, namely, registration of the elimination of β‐activity, local injections into different parts of the intestinal segment, autoradiography and comparisons of weights of the compartments. The following localization of the four components was made probable. The first component reflected predominantly a countercurrent exchange of krypton between the ascending and descending limbs of the vascular loops in the mucosa at “resting” flow levels. During vasodilatation, this component mirrored mainly the wash‐out of the tracer from a well‐perfused region in the mucosa‐submucosa. The second and third components mainly reflected the disappearance of Kr85 from the mucosa and the muscularis, respectively. The slowest component (IV) probably mirrored an elimination of Kr85 from the perivascular fat of the mesentery and an absorption of the tracer from the intestinal lumen.
The Inhibitory Effect of Various Phenols upon ATP‐induced Vasoconstriction in Isolated Perfused Rabbit Lungs
Authors: Lunde P. K. M. , Waaler B. A. , Walløe L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA spontaneously developing vasoconstriction in isolated perfused lungs and the vasoconstriction caused by arterially injected ATP (50 μg) were both inhibited by the addition to the perfusate of various phenols. The inhibitory effect upon ATP‐induced vasoconstriction of phenol, the 3 isomers of cresol (mono‐methyl‐phenol) and the 6 isomers of xylenol (di‐methyl‐phenol) was compared on a rank scale. There was a definite pattern in the results. Methyl groups in either o‐ or p‐position in relation to the hydroxy group increased the inhibitory effect of the phenol, whereas a methyl group in m‐position resulted in little inhibitory effect.
The Effect of Barbiturate Anesthesia and Hypothermia on the Edema Formation Caused by Subcutaneous Injection of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine in Mice
Authors: Svanes Knut 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLocal edema formation caused by subcutaneous injection of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) was studied in unanesthetized, anesthetized normothermic and hypothermic mice. The edema was estimated quantitatively by a method involving the assay of extravasated trypan blue. Pentobarbital was used for anesthesia. The hypothermic mice were kept at a rectal temperature of 21–22° C. In unanesthetized and anesthetized normothermic mice the edema formation increased with increasing doses of 5‐HT. At normal temperature light anesthesia greatly reduced the edema caused by 100 μg/ml 5‐HT, but did not modify the edema caused by 10 or 1 μg/ml 5‐HT. A lowering of the body temperature led to reduced edema formation, and the edema caused by 100 μg/ml 5‐HT was relatively more reduced than that caused by 10 μg/ml 5‐HT. The reduced edema formation under anesthesia and hypothermia might in part be due to increased constriction of the local arteries and arterioles under these conditions.
Symptoms dermatologists should look for in daily practice to improve detection of psoriatic arthritis in psoriasis patients: an expert group consensus
Authors: Villani A.P. , Rouzaud M. , Sevrain M. , Barnetche T. , Paul C. , Richard M.‐A. , Beylot‐Barry M. , Misery L. , Joly P. , Aractingi S. , Aubin F. , Le Maître M. , Cantagrel A. , Ortonne J.‐P. , Jullien D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundUp to 29% of patients with psoriasis seen by dermatologists have undiagnosed psoriatic arthritis (PsA). As early detection of PsA may be associated with improved joint and skin outcomes, it is essential for dermatologists to improve their ability to diagnose PsA. Skin and nail features of psoriasis associated with PsA are well known to dermatologists but they may feel less confortable assessing other symptoms and they rarely use PsA screening questionnaires.ObjectiveTo develop a limited list of clinical signs and symptoms that a dermatologist should be looking for in a psoriasis patient in addition to specific skin features and nail involvement, to improve PsA detection.MethodsA systematic search was performed in Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase databases to identify clinical key symptoms associated with PsA. It yielded 27 studies in which we extracted a list of clinical signs and symptoms observed in PsA and submitted it to a panel of dermatology experts through a DELPHI selection process. The experts had to determine which minimal set of signs and symptoms dermatologists should look for in daily practice to improve detection of PsA in patients with psoriasis.ResultsThe four items that received a score higher than 90% in the DELPHI process were finally selected. Those items were as follows: peripheral inflammatory pain (100%), axial inflammatory pain (95.3%), dactylitis (93%), buttock and sciatic pain (90.7%). The remaining items: distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs) involvement (83.7%), Talalgia (79.1%), swollen Achille's tendon (41.9%), costo‐chondral involvement (32.6%), uveitis (7%), mouth ulcerations (2.3%), were not retained.ConclusionWe propose a set of four items to screen psoriasis patients for psoriatic arthritis for routine clinical use by dermatologists.
Treatment (biotherapy excluded) of psoriatic arthritis: an appraisal of methodological quality of international guidelines
Authors: Sevrain M. , Villani A.P. , Rouzaud M. , Barnetche T. , Paul C. , Richard M.‐A. , Beylot‐Barry M. , Jullien D. , Aractingi S. , Aubin F. , Joly P. , Le Maitre M. , Cantagrel A. , Ortonne J.‐P. , Misery L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundSome international guidelines have been published to provide the best care for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) but little is known about their quality.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to examine the quality of guidelines that concern treatment (biotherapy exluded) of PsA. The secondary aim was to review studies published since the publication of the most recent guideline.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out from 2007 to February 2013, in the Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library databases, in English and French using a combination of keywords including ‘Arthritis, Psoriatic/therapy’ NOT ‘Biological Therapy’ OR ‘Antibodies, Monoclonal’ OR ‘Recombinant Fusion Proteins’ OR ‘tumour necrosis factor‐alpha’. The AGREE instrument (Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation) was used by four reviewers to evaluate the quality of selected guidelines according to the proposed methodology.ResultsOf the 518 identified references, six guidelines and two studies were selected. There was considerable variation in the quality of clinical guidelines across the AGREE domains. The least well‐addressed domains were ‘applicability’, ‘stakeholder involvement’, ‘scope and purpose’ and ‘quality of development’, whereas ‘editorial independence’ and ‘clarity and presentation’ were less problematic.ConclusionAlthough guidelines development was of good quality, many of the studies that they included are of poorer quality. This work indicates that the current guidelines can be improved, particularly the stakeholder domain and the applicability domain. The prospective use of the AGREE instrument should improve the guideline quality. More controlled trials should be required but are unlikely to be conducted, given the lack of interest in studying old drugs.
The association of metabolic syndrome and psoriasis: a population‐ and hospital‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Miller I.M. , Ellervik C. , Zarchi K. , Ibler K.S. , Vinding G.R. , Knudsen K.M. , Jemec G.B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis (PS) has been suggested to be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in numerous studies with conflicting results. The vast majority of previous data were based on PS subjects from hospitals, and when based on data from the general population the PS subjects were often identified in insurance health databases. Furthermore, many studies used a single method approach, e.g. self‐reported diagnosis.ObjectiveWe have therefore investigated a possible association between PS and MetS on PS subjects from the hospital as well as the general population using combined methods, i.e. self‐reported diagnosis, physical examinations and blood samples.MethodsA population‐ and hospital‐based cross‐sectional study of the possible association between PS and MetS.ResultsThirty‐six hospital PS subjects, 860 population PS subjects and 14 016 non‐PS subjects were identified. The odds ratios (ORs) for hospital PS subjects and population PS subjects vs. population non‐PS subjects, respectively, were 5.14 (2.47–10.69) and 1.29 (1.09–1.53) for MetS, 4.55 (1.91–10.85) and 1.16 (0.85–1.59) for diabetes, 1.92 (0.87–4.22) and 1.00 (0.86–1.17) for hypertension, 4.34 (1.86–10.10) and 1.15 (1.00–1.34) for hypertriglyceridaemia, 3.88 (1.96–7.69) and 1.19 (1.01–1.42) for hypoHDL, 5.77 (2.89–11.52) and 1.19 (1.00–1.41) for general obesity and 2.92 (1.45–5.88) and 1.34 (1.16–1.55) for abdominal obesity. Obesity acted as a possible confounder. A uniform pattern of higher ORs for hospital PS subjects when compared to population PS subjects was observed. The severity and duration of PS did not seem to affect the results. As this is a cross‐sectional study we cannot demonstrate causality.ConclusionThe data suggested an association between PS and MetS as well as its individual parameters on a hospital‐based level, with the exception of hypertension. On a population‐based level the associations were only significant for MetS, hypoHDL and abdominal obesity.
“Quiero ir y no quiero ir” (I Want to Go and I Don't Want to Go): Nicaraguan Children's Ambivalent Experiences of Transnational Family Life
Authors: Yarris Kristin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2014

ResumenEste artículo explora las experiencias de los niños nicaragüenses cuyas madres han migrado. Utilizo la idea del “imaginario del migrante” (Jackson ) como marco teórico para capturar la manera en que las experiencias subjetivas que los niños tienen de la migración, son estructuradas por procesos sociales, culturales, políticos y económicos. Demuestro que los niños son actores centrales en procesos mundiales de migración (Coe et al. ). Conscientes de los factores (principalmente económicos) que empujan a sus madres a emigrar, los niños participan del proceso como receptores de las remesas en niveles materiales y afectivos, forman vínculos relacionales con sus abuelas y otras cuidadoras ante la ausencia de sus madres, y responden con incertidumbre a la posibilidad de reunificación con sus madres migrantes en países de destino. El deseo ambivalente de los niños de estar tanto “aquí” como “allá” (Hondagneu‐Sotelo y Avila ) ‐tanto en Nicaragua con sus familias extendidas como con sus madres viviendo afuera – es central en el imaginario que los niños tienen de la migración y en su experiencia real de formar parte de una familia transnacional.
Spontaneous glomerular mesangial lesions in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus): a benign non‐progressive glomerulopathy
Authors: Collins Michael G. , Rogers Natasha M. , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Kireta Svjetlana , Brealey John , Coates Patrick Toby 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundCommon marmosets are known to develop an IgM glomerulopathy, which has been linked with ‘wasting marmoset’ syndrome. This study investigated renal pathology in a colony of marmosets, with and without weight loss.MethodsRenal histology, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy were performed on marmosets euthanized for research or for weight loss. Serum and urine biochemistry were measured during life and at euthanasia.ResultsHistology from 25 adult marmosets (19 research and 6 weight loss) showed mesangial expansion in the majority of glomeruli. Mesangial changes correlated with electron‐dense deposits and IgM deposition by immunofluorescence; negligible other pathology was seen. Glomerular basement membrane thickness appeared increased compared to reported human measurements. Low‐grade proteinuria was present in all animals, but did not progress. Renal function was normal in all animals.ConclusionsMarmosets develop a glomerulopathy characterized by mesangial expansion, IgM deposition, and proteinuria. This is a benign occurrence and not specifically associated with weight loss.