bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of (C5H12N)CuBr3: A New Weakly Coupled Antiferromagnetic Spin‐1/2 Chain Complex Lying in the 1D—3D Dimensional Cross‐Over Regime.
Authors: Pan Bingying , Wang Yang , Zhang Lijuan , Li Shiyan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are prepared by the evaporation method from CuBr2 dissolved in EtOH, aqueous HBr, and piperidine (7 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Exchange and Magnetic Dipole—Dipole Interactions Leading to the Magnetic Superstructures of MAs2O6 (M: Mn, Co, Ni).
Authors: Koo Hyun‐Joo , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe spin exchange and magnetic dipole—dipole interaction energies of the isostructural title compounds are evaluated by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Prussian Blue Analogues: Template‐Free Synthesis and Sodium‐Ion Battery Applications.
Authors: Yue Yanfeng , Binder Andrew J. , Guo Bingkun , Zhang Zhiyong , Qiao Zhen‐An , Tian Chengcheng , Dai Sheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMesoporous Prussian blue Ni analogues as high‐performance electrode materials in Na‐ion batteries are prepared through a template‐free, environmentally friendly, and low‐cost method.
ChemInform Abstract: A6U3Sb2P8S32 (A: Rb, Cs): Quinary Uranium(IV) Thiophosphates Containing the [Sb(PS4)3]6— Anion.
Authors: Babo Jean‐Marie , Diefenbach Kariem , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of Sb, M2S3 (M: Rb, Cs), U, and P2S5 (silica tubes, 500 °C, 5 d 50% yield) and characterized by single crystal XRD, solid state UV/VIS/NIR and Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Copper(I) Orthophosphates Li3‐xCuxPO4: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Snyder Katharina , Raguz Branimir , Hoffbauer Wilfried , Glaum Robert , Ehrenberg Hartmut , Herklotz Markus 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlong the quasi‐binary section Li3PO4—Cu3PO4 three structurally different phases Li3‐xCuxPO4 are prepared under equilibrium conditions using Li3PO4, Li4P2O7, LiPO3, Cu2O, Cu, and Cu3(PO4)2 as starting materials (evacuated silica tubes, 600—900 °C, 3—14 d, quenching).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Trifluoromethylthiolation of Oxindoles Using Shelf‐Stable N‐(Trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide and a Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyst.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Liu Xiangqian , Bootwicha Teerawut , Pluta Roman , Merkens Carina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe structure of the product (IIIe) is confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Triflate Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Enamino Ketones(esters) under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Feng Chengliang , Zhang Shuguang , Cai Jin , Chen Junqing , Hu Huayou , Ji Min 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSecondary amines are not applicable under the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifarenes: New Modular Cavitands.
Authors: Parvari Galit , Annamalai Senthilmurugan , Borovoi Iris , Chechik Helena , Botoshansky Mark , Pappo Doron , Keinan Ehud 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA small library of multifarenes of the type (IV) of different size is constructed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Bacterial Hydrolysis of Amido Esters and Diamides Derived from (.+‐.)‐trans‐Cyclopropane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Hugentobler Katharina G. , Rebolledo Francisca 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe amidase contained in the whole cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous represents an adequate catalyst for the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic cyclopropane amido ester (I) and diamides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Dienone Photorearrangement—Cycloaddition for the Rapid Generation of Molecular Complexity.
Authors: Bos Pieter H. , Antalek Mitchell T. , Porco John A. Jr. , Stephenson Corey R. J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction of the alkene‐tethered substrates affords mostly the mixtures of 5,1‐ and 1,5‐bonded products with the former being the major one.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids by Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Xu Pan , Abdukader Ablimit , Hu Kaidong , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title reaction uses Togni′s reagent as the CF3 source and is suggested to proceed via a radical‐type mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Method for Synthesis of Benzoquinones Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent and Sodium Bisulfate.
Authors: Sasane Kulbhushan A. , Telvekar Vikas N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA simple and environmentally friendly protocol for the direct transformation of benzamide to corresponding benzoquinone derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Functionalized Vinyl Sulfides by Radical Allylation.
Authors: Debien Laurent , Braun Marie‐Gabrielle , Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract2‐Fluoropyridinyl‐6‐oxy‐substituted vinyl sulfides react with xanthate‐derived radicals to yield functionalized vinyl sulfides via an addition/elimination process.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct β‐Functionalization of Cyclic Ketones with Aryl Ketones via the Merger of Photoredox and Organocatalysis.
Authors: Petronijevic Filip R. , Nappi Manuel , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction proceeds via photoinduced single electron transfers (SET) of the aryl ketones and enamines generated from the cyclic ketones and azepane followed by radical—radical coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[c]fluorenone Through a One‐Pot Cascade Reaction Using Inden‐1‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Zheng Shuyan , Tan Hongsheng , Zhang Xiaoguang , Yu Chunhui , Shen Zhengwu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe simple one‐pot cycloaddition/decarbonylation/dehydrogenation sequence of two indenones allows the synthesis of benzo[c]fluorenone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Glycidates via Oxidation of Acrylates with Aqueous Solution of NaOCl in the Presence of Ammonium Salts.
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Hirano Taiki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe green and fast oxidation of acrylates proceeds in the presence of ammonium catalysts with appropriate structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Room‐Temperature Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Novel 2‐Aroylbenzofuran‐3‐ols from Substituted Methyl Salicylates and Phenacyl Bromides.
Authors: Kulkarni Rashmi S. , Hanumanthappa Suresha Kumara T. , Gopalpur Nagendrappa , Vijaya Kumar Sowmya H. B. , More Sunil S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSome of the new 2‐aroylbenzofuranols (III) (21 examples) show prominent antibacterial and/or antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity in the Nucleophile Trapping of Arynes: The Electronic and Steric Effects of Nucleophiles and Substituents.
Authors: Karmakar Rajdip , Yun Sang Young , Wang Kung‐Pern , Lee Daesung 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe regioselectivity of this trapping reaction is influenced not only by the nature of the nucleophile but mainly by the nature of the substituents on the aryne moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1‐((Aryl)(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)methyl)urea and 1‐((Aryl)(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)methyl)thiourea Derivatives
Authors: Yan Jianming , Lei Min , Hu Lihong 
Published: June 2014

Abstractvia three‐component reactions of 2‐indolinone with aromatic aldehydes and corresponding urea derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Isoindolone Synthesis via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of Benzylic C—H Bonds.
Authors: Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe 8‐quinolinyl moiety is essential for the cyclization to occur since a derivative with a methyl instead of the quinolyl group, N,2,4,6‐tetramethylbenzamide, does not react under the investigated conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Tributyl(carboxymethyl)phosphonium Bromide as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Faal‐Rastegar Toktam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe applied catalyst is an ionic liquid prepared from bromoacetic acid and tributylphosphine.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carboacetoxylation of Activated Alkynes with Amino Acids.
Authors: Tang Shi , Li Qing‐Lan , Zhou Dong , Tang Xin‐Mei , Li Shu‐Hua 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA variety of pharmaceutically important 3‐methyleneindolinones are synthesized via a hitherto unreported oxidative tandem acetoxypalladation/C—H activation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Dispiro[acenaphthylene‐pyrrolidine‐pyrrolizine] Derivatives via a 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Xiaofang , Du Liyun , Li Zhikui , Zeng Rongjin 
Published: June 2014

Abstractgenerated in situ from acenaphthenequinone (IV) and sarcosine with 2‐arylidenepyrrolizinone derivatives (III)
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of S‐Substituted Derivatives of 3‐[2‐[(4‐Methylphenyl)amino]ethyl] ‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thiones and Their Antioxidative Activity.
Authors: Tumosiene Ingrida , Jonuskiene Ilona , Kantminiene Kristina , Beresnevicius Zigmuntas Jonas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA variety of novel S‐alkylated triazolethiones are synthesized and evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cu(I) Catalyzed Mild and General Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Terminal Acetylenes and in situ Generated Alkyl Azides.
Authors: Lopez‐Ruiz Heraclio , Rojas‐Lima Susana , de la Cerda‐Pedro Jose Emilio , Amador‐Sanchez Yoarhy Alejandro , Cortes‐Hernandez Mayra , Perez‐Perez Jovana 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction is catalyzed by cuprous cyanide, in situ generated from cupric sulfate and sodium cyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Hantzsch Dihydropyridine in Copper‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Terminal Alkynes with Azides.
Authors: Jin Zuxi , Xue Peng , Fu Enqin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDihydropyridine Hantzsch ester in combination with CuSO4 represents an efficient catalyst system for the synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted triazoles (23 examples) via click reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles in Molten Tetrabutylammonium Bromide.
Authors: Xie Aming , Cao Meiping , Feng Liandong , Dong Wei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUse of molten Bu4NBr allows to carry out the reaction without any additional catalyst or organic solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 3‐Cyanocoumarins with C‐6 Azo Function Using Ultrasound and Grinding Techniques in the Presence of Nano Fe3O4.
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Fekri Leila , Changiz Narjes , Imani Forouzan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSeveral substituted C‐6 azo‐functionalized 3‐cyanocoumarins are either synthesized from azo aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of reusable magnetic nano Fe3O4 or by diazotization of 3‐cyanocoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Novel Roflumilast Analogues.
Authors: Sun Gangchun , Si Yuhui , Song Ge , Mai Wenpeng , Li Zhicheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRoflumilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for treatment of bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Piperidines from Aromatic Aldehydes, Cyanoacetates, Nitromethane and Ammonium Acetate.
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Zhou Zhengquan , Li Yan , Ye Weijian , Yao Juan , Wang Cunde 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe ratios of the substrates as well as the amount of base play a crucial role in the outcome of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel, Versatile and Eco‐Compatible Preparation of New 6‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl) ‐2‐oxo‐4‐aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carbonitriles in Water.
Authors: Fatma Shahin , Singh Divya , Mishra Priya , Singh Pravin K. , Ankit Preyas , Singh J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Four‐Step Synthesis of Thioxo‐quinazolino[3,4‐a]quinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Shafii Behnaz , Saeedi Mina , Mahdavi Mohammad , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) are obtained in four efficient steps from readily available isatoic anhydride without using expensive catalyst and reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1‐Azadienes and Ketenimines by the Reaction of Alkyl Isocyanides and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in the Presence of Theophylline Derivatives.
Authors: Mosslemin Mohammad Hossein , Shams Nasim , Anaraki‐Ardakani Hossein , Yazdani Afshin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractApplication of pivalonitrile instead of cyclohexanecarbonitrile (III) gives the corresponding analogues of (IV) and (V) in comparable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Isatin Imines in the Reaction with Iminophosphine: X‐Ray Structure of Phospholane Derivatives.
Authors: Arsanious Mona Hizkial Nasr , Maigali Soher Said 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDimeric spirophospholane (III), phosphoramides (V), and phosphonamides (VII) are obtained in reactions of isatin imines (I), (IV), (VII) with iminophosphine.
ChemInform Abstract: [1‐Hydroxy‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphonates and ‐phosphinates: Convenient Synthesis Through Intramolecular Abramov Reaction and Protective Activity Against Influenza A.
Authors: Korshin Edward E. , Pozdeev Oskar K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCareful hydrolysis of amidophosphites and ‐phosphonites produces the title compounds (II) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Cytotoxic Properties of Selenopheno[3,2‐c]‐ and Selenopheno[2,3‐c]quinolones.
Authors: Arsenyan P. , Vasiljeva J. , Shestakova I. , Domracheva I. , Belyakov S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNovel selenophenoquinolones (IV) and (VII) are synthesized by reaction of appropriate alkynylquinolone derivatives (III) or (VI), resp., with in situ generated selenium tetrabromide.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole‐benzodiazepine‐2,5‐dione Derivatives from a Soil Fungus Aspergillus sp. PSU‐RSPG185.
Authors: Rukachaisirikul Vatcharin , Rungsaiwattana Nachamon , Klaiklay Saranyoo , Pakawatchai Chaveng , Saithong Saowanit , Phongpaichit Souwalak , Borwornwiriyapan Kawitsara , Sakayaroj Jariya 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNine indole alkaloids were isolated from the title fungus including six new compounds [(I)‐(III)] called asperdiazapinones A‐F.
ChemInform Abstract: Dipasperoside A, a Novel Pyridine Alkaloid‐Coupled Iridoid Glucoside from the Roots of Dipsacus asper.
Authors: Li Feng , Tanaka Ken , Watanabe Shiro , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Saiki Ikuo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDipasperoside A (I) is isolated along with 20 known compounds from the water extract of Dipsacus asper roots.
FNAB of benign thyroid nodules with papillary hyperplasia: A cytological and histological evaluation
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Krane Jeffrey F. , Cibas Edmund S. , Daniels Gilbert , Faquin William C. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDBenign thyroid nodules with papillary hyperplasia (BTN‐PH) are sometimes misinterpreted cytologically as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We evaluated a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) series of BTN‐PH to identify the causes of diagnostic error and to better define its cytologic criteria.METHODSA total of 48 FNAB cases of histologically confirmed BTN‐PHs from 44 patients were identified from our archives. The available cytological and histological slides were reviewed and scored for 10 cytomorphological features. Fifteen FNAB cases of classical PTC were also reviewed for comparison.RESULTSThe FNAB diagnoses for the 48 BTN‐PHs were: benign, 18; suspicious for malignancy (S‐PTC), 12); atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 10; follicular neoplasm, 5; malignant (PTC), 2; and nondiagnostic, 1. The extent of PH in the corresponding histology was highest in FNAB cases diagnosed as S‐PTC/PTC versus all other categories (54% vs 27%; P = .0084). Papillary cytoarchitectural features were present in 53% of FNAB cases overall and in 89% of cases diagnosed as S‐PTC/PTC (P = .0093). Nuclei were smaller in FNABs of BTN‐PH compared with PTC (mean diameter/range, 8.2/6‐12 vs 14.2/7‐26 μm, respectively; P = .0001). Twenty‐six percent of BTN‐PHs contained cytoplasmic pigment. All FNAB cases diagnosed as S‐PTC/PTC had focal nuclear atypia including grooves (87.5%), enlargement and crowding (75%), and chromatin pallor and pseudoinclusions (25%); however, the extent of nuclear atypia was significantly less than in the control group of PTCs (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSBTN‐PH represents a significant pitfall in thyroid FNABs in which it can be misinterpreted as S‐PTC/PTC. Cytologic clues to this pitfall include limited and variable nuclear atypia, small nuclear size, and cytoplasmic pigment. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:666–677. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Experimental studies on realization of fractional inductors and fractional‐order bandpass filters
Authors: Tripathy Madhab Chandra , Mondal Debasmita , Biswas Karabi , Sen Siddhartha 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis paper presents the hardware realization and performance study of fractional inductors of order 0 < α < 2. The fractional inductors used in this work have been realized with the help of general impedance converter circuit and fractional capacitors. Impedance characterization of fractional inductors with different exponents has been carried out experimentally. Also a generalized approach to design a fractional‐order bandpass filter is discussed in this work. The fractional‐order bandpass filter consists of a series combination of a resistor, a fractional inductor of order 1 < α < 2, and a fractional capacitor of order 0 < β < 1. The performance of fractional‐order bandpass filters has been studied and compared with corresponding integer‐order filters through both experimentation and simulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of ultrasound‐assisted extraction on yield of flaxseed oil, β‐ and γ‐ tocopherols optimized by orthogonal array design
Authors: Omar Khamis Ali , Liu Ruijie , Wang Xingguo 
Published: June 2014

Orthogonal array design (L9 (34)) was applied to optimize the flaxseed oil (FO) recovery, β‐ and γ‐tocopherols yields and total oxidation value (totox value) using ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE). The optimized results were then compared with the one extracted by Soxhlet extraction (S.E.) at 8 h. The results revealed that 80.05% FO can be recovered by extraction for 30 min, 30°C and 10:1 solvent/solid ratio by UAE compared to 100% recovery obtained by 8 h, 60°C and 20:1 solvent/liquid ratio by S.E. (taken as reference and standard extraction). β‐ and γ‐tocopherols yield was 40.39 mg/100 g oil at 30 min, 20°C and 10:1 solvent/liquid ratio by UAE compared to 56.37 mg/100 g oil by S.E. Totox value of FO by UAE was lower compared to S.E., which is a promising results for better quality and further processing of the oil. No significant differences were shown between the two extraction methods for fatty acids (p < 0.025). UAE is capable of reducing the financial cost of flaxseed oil extraction, saving time, energy and is also environmentally friendly since very little solvent is used compared to S.E.Practical applications: Flaxseed oil is an unstable vegetable oil due to its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are mainly composed of alpha linolenic acid (ALA). One effective way to ensure a high quality and low oxidation levels of lipids and lipid containing products is to use efficient and rapid method for the extraction.(1) Flaxseed oil extraction by UAE and S.E. techniques. (2) Comparison of two extraction techniques on fatty acids modification, FO recovery, β‐ and γ‐tocopherols and Totox value (in relation with extraction time, temperature, and liquid/solid ratio).
Prague Metro
Authors: Cyroň David , Ivor Štefan , Hybský Petr , Rossler Karel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Prague Metro is an inseparable economic and cultural part of city development in Prague, with its transport capacity and architectural styles. A look into the Metro history reveals the evolution of the early construction methods into today's modern tunnelling technologies. The description of the latest Metro Line A extension construction is concluded with an outline of future plans for Prague Metro expansion.
Construction challenges for urban tunnelling – The Copenhagen Metro Circle Line
Authors: Eskesen Søren Degn , Paulatto Enrico , Stubbs Jared 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Cityringen (The City Circle) project is the latest phase of the metro system in Copenhagen, Denmark. The phase comprises the construction of 17 new stations, three shafts, a control and maintenance centre and 16.5 km of twin‐tube tunnel excavated by four Earth Pressure Balance TBMs. The design and build contract was awarded in January 2011 and inauguration is planned for late 2018.The geology in the project area includes 10 to 30 m of Quaternary sand, gravel and clay tills underlain by limestone, often containing benches of flint or other hard horizons. The stations and shafts are constructed with secant pile walls or diaphragm walls. Permeation grouting is undertaken for one cavern and grouting for the break‐in and break‐out of the TBMs.Groundwater control is carried out by pumping from abstraction wells at the bottom of the deep excavation, treating the abstracted groundwater and recharging between 95 and 100 % of the groundwater.A monitoring system consisting of a comprehensive database system has been adopted, where real time information from the TBMs and from buildings and structures adjacent to the works is collected. Movement is monitored by an extensive 3D monitoring system together with extensometers, inclinometers and piezometers.
Consolidation grouting using horizontal directional drilling technology in the Praga district of Warsaw prior to TBM tunnelling
Authors: Barbanti Marco , Bonanno Marco , Rigazio Andrea 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe central section of the Warsaw 2nd Metro Line required preventive measures to protect buildings located in the Praga district above the tunnel alignment. The sections passing below buildings with EPB machines were certainly one of the most critical points. It was decided to carry out ground treatment in order to consolidate the subsoil around the tunnels. For this purpose grouting holes up to 261 m long were drilled by HDD following the tunnel path. Tunnelling did not affect the structures located above the ground, which always remained under close supervision with the use of specialist and multithreaded monitoring.