bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intertidal Foraminifera from the Savitri Estuary, West Coast, Maharashtra and their Implications on the Depositional Environment
Authors: Pachkhande Sangita M. , Kamble Prafull B. , Mookherjee Aditi , Rajshekhar C. , Kavathankar Nikhil A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract:
The benthic foraminifera from the Savitri estuary are being reported for the first time. The faunal analyses reveal the occurrence of mixed assemblage. It is observed that Trochammina inflata is the most dominant species and appears to be the indigenous to mangrove environment.
Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow and Contamination Transport in Nahavand Plain Aquifer, West of Iran
Authors: Banejad Hossein , Mohebzadeh Hamid , Ghobadi Mohammad Hossein , Heydari Majid 
Published: January 2014

Abstract:
Numerical simulation of groundwater flow used for the estimation of hydraulic and hydrologic parameters which is an important tool for the management of aquifers. This study presents the results of a mathematical model developed for the simulation of groundwater flow in Nahavand plain aquifer in the southwest Hamadan province. For this purpose Groundwater Modeling Software (GMS) was used which supports the MODFLOW-2000 code. After gathering required data such as the hydrological, hydrogeological and topography maps, a 3D hydrogeological model of plain was constructed with borehole and surface elevation data. Then MODFLOW was used for simulation of flow. After initial simulation of the flow, the model was calibrated in steady state with trial-and-error and parameter estimation methods the observed head of groundwater table monitoring data of 1997. Results of calibration show that error between observed head and computed head is in allowable range. Also results of computed head with model show that groundwater flow is in the direction of the dominate slope (southeast to northwest). Finally MODPATH code which simulates advective transport of particles was used for estimation of flow path and source of contaminants.
A blended design in acute care training: similar learning results, less training costs compared with a traditional format
Authors: Dankbaar Mary E. W. , Storm Diana J. , Teeuwen Irene C. , Schuit Stephanie C. E. 
Published: January 2014

Introduction There is a demand for more attractive and efficient training programmes in postgraduate health care training. This retrospective study aims to show the effectiveness of a blended versus traditional face-to-face training design. For nurses in postgraduate Acute and Intensive Care training, the effectiveness of a blended course design was compared with a traditional design. Methods In a first pilot study 57 students took a traditional course (2-h lecture and 2-h workshop) and 46 students took a blended course (2-h lecture and 2-h online self-study material). Test results were compared for both groups. After positive results in the pilot study, the design was replicated for the complete programme in Acute and Intensive Care. Now 16 students followed the traditional programme (11 days face-to-face education) and 31 students did the blended programme (7 days face-to-face and 40 h online self-study). An evaluation was done after the pilot and course costs were calculated. Results Results show that the traditional and blended groups were similar regarding the main characteristics and did not differ in learning results for both the pilot and the complete programme. Student evaluations of both designs were positive; however, the blended group were more confident that they had achieved the learning objectives. Training costs were reduced substantially. Conclusion The blended training design offers an effective and attractive training solution, leading to a significant reduction in costs.
Parental autonomy support and honesty: The mediating role of identification with the honesty value and perceived costs and benefits of honesty
Authors: Bureau Julien S. , Mageau Geneviève A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPrevious research emphasizes the importance of honesty (or the absence of lying) in adolescent‐parent communication as it is ultimately linked to adolescent non‐delinquency (Engels, Finkenauer, & van Kooten, 2006). Empirical evidence also suggests that positive parental practices may prevent adolescents' lying (Darling, Cumsille, Caldwell, & Dowdy, 2006; Jensen, Arnett, Feldman, & Cauffman, 2004). This study tests an integrated model where perceived parental autonomy support and controlling parenting are expected to have opposite effects on adolescent's honesty in the parent–adolescent relationship via differential identification to the honesty value and perceived costs/benefits of being honest. Using structural equation modeling, results from 167 parent‐adolescent dyads showed that autonomy support was associated with adolescents' identification to the honesty value and perceived low costs/high benefits of honesty. Opposite relations were observed with controlling parenting. Higher honesty value identification and low costs/high benefits of honesty in turn predicted adolescents' honesty. The importance of autonomy‐supportive parenting in creating honest family settings is discussed.
Smoothing effect of the homogeneous Boltzmann equation with measure valued initial datum
Authors: Morimoto Yoshinori , Yang Tong 
Published: January 2014

We justify the smoothing effect for measure valued solutions to the space homogeneous Boltzmann equation of Maxwellian type cross sections. This is the first rigorous proof of the smoothing effect for any measure valued initial data except the single Dirac mass, which gives the optimal description on the regularity of solutions for positive time, caused by the singularity in the cross section. The main new ingredient in the proof is the introduction of a time degenerate coercivity estimate by using the microlocal analysis.

Résumé
Nous justifions l'effet régularisant pour les solutions à valeurs mesures de l'équation de Boltzmann spatialement homogène dans le cas des molécules maxwelliennes. Il s'agit de la première preuve rigoureuse de l'effet régularisant pour toutes données initiales à valeurs mesures sauf la masse de Dirac seule, ce qui donne la description optimale de la regularité des solutions en temps positif à causée par la singularité dans le noyau de collision. Le principal ingrédient nouveau dans la preuve est l'introduction d'unc inégalité de coercivité dégénérée par rapport au temps en utilisant l'analyse microlocale.

Highlights
The mutation of DBC2 in breast cancer patients from the Han ethnic group in Eastern China
Authors: Fu Guoping , Wang Haixin , Wu Hongmei , Wang Mei 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate DBC2 mutations in breast cancer patients and evaluate the relationship between gene mutations and breast cancer susceptibility in an Eastern China population.

METHODS:
Mutation analyses of 285 bp promoter sequence, coding exon 7 and its exon/intron boundaries of DBC2 were performed in 32 breast cancer specimens by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Eighteen benign breast tumor specimens were also analyzed as control.

RESULTS:
No mutation in the promoter or exon 7 was found in either group. An intronic alteration (IVS7 + 53C > G) was detected in 13 specimens. There was no significant difference in the rate of IVS7 + 53C > G alteration between the study and control groups (8/32 vs 5/18, respectively, P > 0.05). The Gallele of IVS7 + 53 was correlated with HER2 and p53 expression (P < 0.05), but not with age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, ER or PR expression (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Mutation in the promoter and exon 7 of DBC2 gene is not common in the Chinese population and may not contribute to the susceptibility for breast cancer in China. The intronic alteration IVS7 + 53C > G is a common polymorphism in the Chinese Han ethnic group. Further research is warranted to evaluate the relationship between IVS7 + 53C > G and the susceptibility for breast cancer.
Human-ecosystem interactions in relation to Holocene environmental change in Port Joli Harbour, southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Neil Karen , Gajewski Konrad , Betts Matthew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA high-resolution pollen record from Path Lake in Port Joli Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada, provides a paleo-ecological perspective on Holocene climate and vegetation variability within the context of local archaeological research. Pollen assemblages in the early Holocene reflect a post-glacial forest dominated byPinus,Tsuga,BetulaandQuercus. During this time, a lower frequency of radiocarbon dated cultural material suggests lower human settlement intensity. Shallow water aquatic (Isoetes) and wetland (Alnus,Sphagnum) taxa increased after 3400 cal yr BP in response to a transition towards wetter climatic conditions. Culturally significant periods, where settlement intensity increased in the Maritimes and Maine, coincide with maximum values of reconstructed total annual precipitation, suggesting that environmental conditions may have influenced prehistoric human activity. European settlement, after 350 cal yr BP, was marked by a rise inAmbrosia. The impact of anthropogenic fire disturbances on the landscape was evidenced by peak charcoal accumulations after European settlement.
ADAM SMITH AS ADVOCATE OF EMPIRE, c. 1870–1932
Authors: PALEN MARC-WILLIAM 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines howThe wealth of nations(1776) was transformed into an amorphous text regarding the imperial question throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Adam Smith had left behind an ambiguous legacy on the subject of empire: a legacy that left long-term effects upon subsequent British imperial debates. In his chapter on colonies, Smith had proposed both a scheme for the gradual devolution of the British empire and a theoretical scheme for imperial federation. In response to the growing global popularity of protectionism and imperial expansionism, the rapid development of new tools of globalization, and the frequent onset of economic downturns throughout the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, turn-of-the-century proponents of British imperial federation formed into a formidable opposition to England's prevailing free trade orthodoxy – Cobdenism – a free trade ideology which famously expanded upon the anti-imperial dimensions ofThe wealth of nations. Ironically, at the turn of the century many advocates for imperial federation also turned to Smith for their intellectual inspiration. Adam Smith thus became an advocate of empire, and his advocacy left an indelible intellectual mark upon the burgeoning British imperial crisis.
THE OCCASIONAL CONFORMITY CONTROVERSY, MODERATION, AND THE ANGLICAN CRITIQUE OF MODERNITY, 1700–1714
Authors: SIROTA BRENT S. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe occasional conformity controversy during the reign of Queen Anne has traditionally been understood as a straightforward symptom of the early eighteenth-century ‘rage of party’. For all the pious rhetoric concerning toleration and the church in danger, the controversy is considered a partisan squabble for short-term political gain. This traditional interpretation has, however, never been able to account for two features of the controversy: first, the focus on ‘moderation’ as a unique characteristic of post-Revolutionary English society; and second, the prominence of the Anglican nonjurors in the debate. This article revisits the occasional conformity controversy with an eye toward explaining these two related features. In doing so, it will argue that the occasional conformity controversy comprised a referendum on the Revolution settlement in church and state. Nonjurors lit upon the practice of occasional conformity as emblematic of the broader malady of moderation afflicting post-Revolutionary England. From their opposition to occasional conformity, the nonjurors, and soon the broader Anglican high-church movement, developed a comprehensive critique of religious modernity that would inform the entire framework of debate in the early English Enlightenment.
POPULAR READING AND SOCIAL INVESTIGATION IN BRITAIN, 1850s–1940s
Authors: HILLIARD CHRISTOPHER 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT‘What do the masses read?’ After popular literacy and an urban market for mass culture became conspicuous in Britain in the middle of the nineteenth century, dozens of literary figures and social researchers took it upon themselves to answer this question. Middle-class inquirers sought in newsagents' wares a vicarious connection with the culture and values of the readers of popular fiction. Many of these investigators, from Wilkie Collins in the 1850s to George Orwell in the 1930s, practised a form of literary criticism that doubled as social criticism. Other students of popular reading – Florence Bell in her study of early twentieth-century Middlesbrough and Mass-Observation in its surveys of reading during the Second World War – worked at the margins of British traditions of social research. Critics working from the texts of popular fiction tended to concentrate on questions of style and ideology; those doing fieldwork focused on reading as a social practice. Examining the corpus of studies of popular literacy from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century opens up the question of the scope of literary criticism and social research in modern Britain.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GLOBALIZATION: THE GENESIS OF DUNDEE'S TWO ‘UNITED FRONTS’ IN THE 1930s
Authors: TOMLINSON JIM 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTEconomic globalization has been a key force shaping British society since the mid nineteenth-century. This article uses a case-study of Dundee and its jute industry to examine the major issues that have arisen as the effects of those global forces have been responded to. Dundee was especially prone to detrimental effects from globalization because of its character as ‘juteopolis’, a one industry town with that industry subject to powerful competitive pressures from Calcutta producers from the 1880s onwards. In the 1930s these pressures became overwhelming, as cheap jute goods from India undercut the Dundee industry's home as well as export markets, and mass unemployment ensued. The local responses to this pressure were sharply divergent. There was both a ‘United Front’ between many elements in the local labour movement, mirroring the much-contested national calls for joint Labour and Communist party efforts, and a quite different ‘front’ bringing together jute employers, jute unions, local MPs, and the city council to call for protection for the industry. It is argued that this divergence can be used to explore key issues in the nature of the forces, national as well as local, operating on industrial cities and their populations.
THE RELIGION OF HENRY VIII
Authors: REX RICHARD 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article takes issue with the influential recent interpretation of Henry VIII's religious position as consistently ‘Erasmian’. Bringing to the discussion not only a re-evaluation of much familiar evidence but also a considerable quantity of hitherto unknown or little-known material, it proposes instead that Henry's religious position, until the 1530s, sat squarely within the parameters of ‘traditional religion’ and that the subsequent changes in his attitudes to the cult of the saints, monasticism, and papal primacy were so significant as to be understood and described by Henry himself in terms of a veritable religious ‘conversion’. This conversion, which was very much sui generis, is not easily to be fitted within the confessional frameworks of other sixteenth-century religious movements (though it was by no means unaffected by them). It hinged upon Henry's new understanding of kingship as a supreme spiritual responsibility entrusted to kings by the Word of God, but long hidden from them by the machinations of the papacy. His own providential deliverance from blindness was, he believed, but the beginning of a more general spiritual enlightenment.
PACIFISM IN FIN-DE-SIÈCLE AUSTRIA: THE POLITICS AND LIMITS OF PEACE ACTIVISM
Authors: LAQUA DANIEL 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe late Habsburg Monarchy produced two of the most renowned peace activists of their day: Bertha von Suttner and Alfred Fried. In comparison to these two Nobel Peace laureates, the main association of Austro-pacifism – theÖsterreichische Friedensgesellschaft(ÖFG) – is less well known. The article concentrates on this organization, which had been founded in 1891, and it draws attention to the political and intellectual environment in which it operated. The ÖFG originated in the milieu of Austro-German liberalism, but had an ambivalent rapport with liberal politics. The Austro-pacifists’ focus on supranational principles and dynastic loyalty sat uneasily with the national dimensions of Cisleithanian politics. The obstacles encountered by the ÖFG illustrate wider aspects of the political culture of fin-de-siècle Austria, ranging from the question of militarism in Austrian society to the challenges created by socialist and nationalist movements. As a whole, the article highlights the inherent limitations of Austro-pacifism, as reflected in its quest for respectability and its acceptance of the social and political order.
CUSTOM, IDENTITY, AND THE JURY IN INDIA, 1800–1832
Authors: JAFFE JAMES A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the reception and understanding of the Indian village council (panchayat) among East India Company officials, British politicians, and Indian intellectuals during the first third of the nineteenth century. One of the several ways in which the panchayat was imagined was as an institution analogous to the English jury. As such, the panchayat took on significant meaning, especially for those influenced by the Scottish Orientalist tradition and who were serving in India. The issue became especially salient during the 1820s and 1830s as the jury system was debated and reformed in England. In this context, there was a transnational interplay of both ideas and policies that shaped both Company rule in India as well as the first generation of Indian nationalists.
A LATENT HISTORIOGRAPHY? THE CASE OF PSYCHIATRY IN BRITAIN, 1500–1820
Authors: HOUSTON R. A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBoth empirically and interpretively, extant histories of psychiatry reveal a vastly greater degree of difference among themselves than historical accounts of any other field. Scholarship focuses on the period after 1800 and the same is true of historiographical reviews; those of early modern British psychiatry are often brief literature studies. This article sets out in depth the development of this rich and varied branch of history since the 1950s, exploring the many different approaches that have contributed to understanding the mad and how they were treated. Social, cultural, philosophical, religious, and intellectual historians have contributed as much as historians of science and medicine to understanding an enduring topic of fascination: ‘disorders of consciousness and conduct’ and their context. Appreciating the sometimes unacknowledged lineages of the subject and the personal histories of scholars (roots and routes) makes it easier to understand the past, present, and future of the history of psychiatry. The article explores European and North American influences as well as British traditions, looking at both the main currents of historiographical change and developments particular to the history of psychiatry.
Permeable reactive interceptors: blocking diffuse nutrient and greenhouse gases losses in key areas of the farming landscape
Authors: FENTON O. , HEALY M. G. , BRENNAN F. , JAHANGIR M. M. R. , LANIGAN G. J. , RICHARDS K. G. , THORNTON S. F. , IBRAHIM T. G. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYEngineered remediation technologies such as denitrifying bioreactors target single contaminants along a nutrient transfer continuum. However, mixed contaminant discharges to a water body are more common from agricultural systems. Indeed, evidence presented herein indicates that pollution swapping within denitrifying bioreactor systems adds to such deleterious discharges. The present paper proposes a more holistic approach to contaminant remediation on farms, moving from the use of ‘denitrifying bioreactors’ to the concept of a ‘permeable reactive interceptor’ (PRI). Besides management changes, a PRI should contain additional remediation cells for specific contaminants in the form of solutes, particles or gases. Balance equations and case studies representing different geographic areas are presented and used to create weighting factors. Results showed that national legislation with respect to water and gaseous emissions will inform the eventual PRI design. As it will be expensive to monitor a system continuously in a holistic manner, it is suggested that developments in the field of molecular microbial ecology are essential to provide further insight in terms of element dynamics and the environmental controls on biotransformation and retention processes within PRIs. In turn, microbial and molecular fingerprinting could be used as anin-situcost-effective tool to assess nutrient and gas balances during the operational phases of a PRI.
Identification of avir-orthologous immune evasion gene family from primate malaria parasites
Authors: PRAJAPATI SURENDRA KUMAR , SINGH OM PRAKASH 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe immune evasion gene family of malaria parasites encodes variant surface proteins that are expressed at the surface of infected erythrocytes and help the parasite in evading the host immune response by means of antigenic variation. The identification ofPlasmodium vivax virorthologous immune evasion gene family from primate malaria parasites would provide new insight into the evolution of virulence and pathogenesis. Threevirsubfamilies viz.vir-B, vir-Dandvir-Gwere successfully PCR amplified from primate malaria parasites, cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis confirmed orthologues ofvir-Dsubfamily inPlasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium simium, Plasmodium simiovaleandPlasmodium fieldi. The identifiedvir-Dorthologues are 1–9 distinct members of the immune evasion gene family which have 68–83% sequence identity withvir-Dand 71·2–98·5% sequence identity within the members identified from primate malaria parasites. The absence of othervirsubfamilies among primate malaria parasites reflects the limitations in the experimental approach. This study clearly identified the presence ofvir-Dlike sequences in four species ofPlasmodiuminfecting primates that would be useful in understanding the evolution of virulence in malaria parasites.
The Story of Jonah
Authors: Flaumenhaft Mera J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Book of Jonah depicts the tension between justice and mercy. Jonah's peculiar community, the “chosen” people, does not merely provide security and prosperity, but aims to shape the souls of its own members, and, eventually, of all human beings. The parable is optimistic about the possibility of justice in a world of distinct peoples. But on an individual level it is tragic, because Jonah himself fails to reach a practicable view of justice for imperfect but educable fellows and foreigners. He himself remains a distorted human being, deficient especially in his use of language, neither beast nor god, but, in the end, outside any community. As a reading on the highest holiday of the Jewish year, the story has a special place among Jonah's people. Neither homily nor sermon, it is an example of public storytelling as an instrument of education.