bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological quality of meta‐analyses: matched‐pairs comparison over time and between industry‐sponsored and academic‐sponsored reports
Authors: Lane Peter W. , Higgins Julian P.T. , Anagnostelis Betsy , Anzures‐Cabrera Judith , Baker Nigel F. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Haughie Scott , Hollis Sally , Lewis Steff C. , Moneuse Patrick , Whitehead Anne 
Published: October 2013

ContextMeta‐analyses are regularly used to inform healthcare decisions. Concerns have been expressed about the quality of meta‐analyses and, in particular, about those supported by the pharmaceutical industry.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the quality of pharmaceutical‐industry‐supported meta‐analyses with academic meta‐analyses and of meta‐analyses published before and after companies started to disclose their data.Data SourcesWe identified industry‐supported meta‐analyses by searching the Scopus bibliographic database, using author affiliations. We matched each industry‐supported meta‐analysis with an academic meta‐analysis using high‐level MeSH terms in PubMed.Study SelectionWe included meta‐analyses of randomized trials assessing the efficacy or safety of any pharmaceutical intervention in humans, published in 2002–2004 or 2008–2009. Cochrane reviews were excluded. Two individuals independently selected papers, with discrepancies resolved by two further individuals.AssessmentWe developed and piloted a quality‐assessment tool, consisting of 43 questions in four domains, with a key summary question covering each domain. Two individuals independently assessed each meta‐analysis.ResultsWe examined 126 meta‐analysis publications in 63 matched pairs. The average quality was low, with fewer than 50% adequate in three of the four domains. Industry‐supported meta‐analyses less often demonstrated adequate methods for locating studies and assessing their quality (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.92), for analysing the included studies (0.52, 0.25 to 1.06), for undertaking meta‐analyses (0.82, 0.40 to 1.68) and in reaching sound conclusions (0.62, 0.30 to 1.28). Quality generally improved over time, particularly for some aspects of industry reports.ConclusionsAcademic meta‐analysis papers are generally of higher quality than industry‐supported ones. This is largely due to less detailed reporting in industry‐supported meta‐analyses and a tendency for them to take the included studies at face value, probably arising from the implicit assumption that these studies already have high methodological standards to meet licensing requirements. The improved quality over time does not appear to be due to the use of data disclosed by industry. The main limitations of this study are the small sample of papers and the subjective nature of some of the assessment processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome in recovered and non‐recovered borderline patients over 10 years of prospective follow‐up
Authors: Niesten Isabella J. M. , Karan Esen , Frankenburg Frances R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examined rates of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) over 10 years of prospective follow‐up among recovered and non‐recovered patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Subsequently, risk factors for IBS were examined in female BPD patients. As part of the McLean Study of Adult Development, 264 BPD patients were assessed at baseline, and their medical conditions and time‐varying predictors of IBS were assessed over five waves of follow‐up (from 6‐year follow‐up to 16‐year follow‐up). Semi‐structured interviews were used to assess both our IBS outcome variable and our baseline and time‐varying predictor variables. Rates of IBS were not significantly different between recovered and non‐recovered borderline patients when men and women were considered together and when men were considered alone. However, a significant difference in IBS rates was found between recovered and non‐recovered female BPD patients, with the latter reporting significantly higher rates. The rates of IBS in women with BPD were found to be significantly predicted by a family history of IBS and a childhood history of verbal, emotional and/or physical abuse. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that both biological/social learning factors and childhood adversity may be risk factors for IBS in women with BPD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polaronic phase transitions and complex permittivity of solid polar insulators with gigantic dielectric response
Authors: Ligatchev Valeri 
Published: October 2013

Gigantic dielectric response (GDR) in polar insulators attracts significant scientific interest due its remarkable physics and the bright future of GDR materials in energy storage and memory devices. So far, the physical mechanism of extremely high complex dielectric permittivity (with the real part up to 106) is not established convincingly. Moreover, the application area of GDR materials is currently restricted due to unacceptable losses. In this paper, the polaronic approach for elucidation the GDR in solid polar insulators is developed based on a classical Fröhlich polaron model and polaronic phase transition criteria, pioneered by Fratini and Quémerais [Eur. Phys. J. B 14, 99 (2000)]. The dielectric functions of isolated Fröhlich polarons, a polaronic Wigner crystal, a “polaronic liquid” and an “electron liquid” exhibit surprising diversity. In particular, sufficient for GDR “dipolar” permittivity and a moderate level of dielectric loss are expected for a “polaronic liquid,” while extremely high metal‐like negative real part of the complex permittivity and its excessive imaginary part are customary for the “electron liquid.” Natural explanations for so‐called “low‐temperature anomalies” in the GDR response observed in codoped nickel oxide, CaCu3Ti4O12 and other quaternary compounds as well as a realistic model for the spectra of optical conductivity and dielectric permittivity obtained from those materials in the far‐ and midinfrared regions at different temperatures are provided based on the proposed polaronic approach and the Fano resonance model. Furthermore, this polaronic approach provides physically transparent guidelines for the design of new GDR materials, i.e., selection of appropriate host insulators and dopants (codopants) to them, estimations of their critical concentrations and temperature ranges corresponding to a GDR with an acceptable loss level. Simulated effect of polaron concentration n on static dielectric permittivity of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and NiO, codoped with Li, Ti (LTNO).
Thermal distribution in amorphous InSnZnO thin‐film transistor
Authors: Urakawa Satoshi , Tomai Shigekazu , Ueoka Yoshihiro , Yamazaki Haruka , Kasami Masashi , Yano Koki , Wang Dapeng , Furuta Mamoru , Horita Masahiro , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Uraoka Yukiharu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe have investigated thermal distribution of an amorphous InSnZnO thin‐film transistor (TFT) under voltage stress by using thermal imaging system. To clarify an influence of only self‐heating phenomenon on reliability, we have focused on a channel scale dependence of heating. As the result, heating effect were strongly depended on channel scale and showed two types of dependences on channel length and width. When positive bias stress was applied to TFT, severe threshold voltage shift and high heating temperature were observed for wider TFT. Moreover, reliability under voltage stress was seems to be affected by accumulation of heating in wider TFT. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of VT‐instability in enhancement‐mode Al2O3‐AlGaN/GaN MIS‐HEMTs
Authors: Lu Yunyou , Yang Shu , Jiang Qimeng , Tang Zhikai , Li Baikui , Chen Kevin J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe threshold voltage (VT) instability of metal‐insulator‐semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS‐HEMTs) is investigated. In the enhancement‐mode AlGaN/GaN MIS‐HEMT fabricated by fluorine plasma implantation technique featuring Al2O3 gate dielectric, a hysteresis of 0.6 V in transfer characteristics is observed by quasi‐static I ‐V (current‐voltage) measurement, in which the gate bias is swept at a low rate (0.7 V/s). Pulsed transfer characteristics measurement, however, unveils much larger hysteresis under the same gate voltage swing. The VT‐instability is attributed to the traps located at the dielectric/III‐nitride interface as well as in the bulk of gate dielectric. It is proposed that pulsed measurement can count for the effect of fast traps (shallow traps) while the quasi‐static measurement can only reflect slow traps (deep traps), and is more accurate for VT‐instability evaluation. In addition, the existence of bulk traps is implied by a slow time‐dependent shift of VT under large gate bias. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and characterization of BN/AlGaN/GaN metal‐insulator‐semiconductor heterojunction field‐effect transistors with sputtering‐deposited BN gate dielectric
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Quy , Shih Hong‐An , Kudo Masahiro , Suzuki Toshi‐kazu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe	investigated	BN/AlGaN/GaN	metal‐insulator‐semiconductor heterojunction field‐effect transistors (MIS‐HFETs) with sputtering‐deposited BN gate dielectric. Amorphous BN thin films obtained by RF magnetron sputtering deposition were applied to MIS‐HFET device fabrication. The MIS‐HFET devices exhibit very low gate leakage current indicating good insulating properties of BN, and almost no negative drain conductance. The device characteristics and its temperature dependence were investigated, where we observe decreasing drain current and increasing gate current with increase in temperature. The relative decrease in the drain current for the low field region is larger than that for the high field region, according to the temperature dependence of low‐ and high‐field electron velocities. The temperature dependence of the gate leakage current is explained by a mechanism with thermally activated tunneling and direct tunneling. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization on the internal insulation system of gas‐insulated bushing for 1100‐kV GIS based on multiobjective optimization method
Authors: Peng Liu , Hong‐ling Zhang , Shi‐ling Zhang , Zong‐ren Peng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we first study the voltage and electric field distribution characteristics under the basic lightning impulse level (BIL) of 2400 kV by finite element method (FEM) calculation which are affected by the internal shielding structure of the gas‐insulated bushing for the 1100‐kV gas‐insulated substation (GIS). On this basis, four parameters of the shielding structure are determined to be the decision variables in the optimization process. Four electric field objective functions and four potential objective functions are also proposed. Using a multiobjective optimization method, we then construct an evaluation function with the eight objective functions mentioned above, which are used to evaluate the electric field and potential distribution synthetically. Furthermore, a combination of FEM and the evolution strategy is used to construct the stochastic optimization objective function with the multiobjective evaluation function. The electric field and potential distribution of the gas‐insulated bushing are greatly improved after optimization, and the electric field strength at key spots is effectively reduced. The insulation system of gas‐insulated bushing for 1100‐kV GIS designed by this method has passed type tests and worked well nearly 3 years. So, this optimization provides a constructive method and useful basis for the design of gas‐insulated bushings for 1100‐kV GIS and other electrical equipment. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new current control strategy based on the internal model principle for a current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire distribution systems
Authors: Baba Yusuke , Wakasa Yuji , Hiraki Eiji , Tanaka Toshihiko , Okamoto Masayuki , Lee Seong Ryong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a new current control strategy that is based on the internal model principle for a current balancer in single‐phase three‐wire distribution systems. The proposed current control strategy includes a sinusoidal reference input model to achieve the zero steady‐state error tracking. The appropriate control gains of this control strategy can be systematically determined by using a state‐feedback controller design method via linear matrix inequalities. The basic principle of the proposed control strategy is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using the PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that zero steady‐state error tracking is achieved by the proposed control strategy. Also, balanced source currents are obtained on the secondary side of a pole‐mounted distribution transformer while the load conditions are unbalanced. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reaction of Unsaturated Vicinal Phosphane/Borane Frustrated Lewis Pairs with Benzaldehyde
Authors: Ekkert Olga , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Fröhlich Roland , Wibbeling Birgit , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Erker Gerhard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Diarylphosphino‐substituted alkynes undergo a 1, 1‐carboboration reaction with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane to yield 2‐diarylphosphino‐substituted alkenylboranes. These unsaturated systems show a P/B interaction. Nevertheless, they feature a limited frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) reactivity. Four such unsaturated vicinal FLPs were shown to react with benzaldehyde to give the respective six‐membered heterocyclic P/B FLP 1, 2‐addition products, which were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
A Small‐molecule Model System of Galactose Oxidase: Geometry, Reactivity, and Electronic Structure
Authors: Wendt Franziska , Rolff Malte , Thimm Wulf , Näther Christian , Tuczek Felix 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The active site of galactose oxidase (GOase) contains a copper atom coordinated by a tyrosyl radical. This enzyme catalyzes the two‐electron oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. We present a GOase model system, which catalytically mediates the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde with a TON of 74. The crystal structure of the mononuclear copper complex [CuII(L6‐H)(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 coordinated by acetonitrile reveals an apical position for the phenol group. Furthermore we prepared the dimeric complex [(CuII)2(L6)2](PF6)2, which was structurally characterized as well. Cleavage of the dimer along with formation of the phenoxyl radical was effected by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate. The dimer could also be cleaved by treatment with pyridine. In order to obtain information about the interaction between the unpaired electron in the d‐orbital of CuII to the electron in the half‐occupied orbital of the tyrosyl radical DFT is employed. In the ground state a ferromagnetic coupling (S = 1) is obtained.
Comparison Between Preconsultation Ultrasonography and Office Surgeon‐Performed Ultrasound in Patients with Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Carneiro‐Pla Denise , Amin Sonesh 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundCervical ultrasonography (US) is mandatory before surgery for thyroid cancer and recommended for thyroid nodule evaluation. Therefore, most patients undergo thyroid ultrasound before surgical evaluation. Several US findings are critical for adequate surgical planning but they are often not mentioned on preconsultation US. The goal of this study is to compare the preconsultation US findings with surgeon‐performed US (SUS) and describe the changes in management as a consequence of SUS findings in patients with thyroid cancer.MethodsThe charts of 194 consecutive patients with thyroid cancer (2007–2013) from a single institution were reviewed. Preconsultation US and SUS reports were available for 136 patients. Mention of nodes, local invasion, thyroid nodule features/location, and presence of intrathoracic extension was recorded and changes in preoperative and/or operative management based on SUS findings were described.ResultsFrom 136 patients with the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, SUS changed the management of 61 (45 %) patients by identifying preoperatively central and/or lateral node metastasis, indicating preoperative biopsy of suspicious thyroid lesions/nodes, and pointing out thyroid intrathoracic extension. When compared to SUS, the preconsultation US failed to mention node status in 101 (74 %) patients, suspicious nodule features in 60/111 (54 %) patients with suspicious lesions, bilateral thyroid lesions in 19/88 (22 %) patients with bilateral nodules, local invasion in 5/5 (100 %), and intrathoracic extension in 5/5 (100 %) cases.ConclusionSurgeon‐performed US changed the operative management of patients with thyroid cancer by demonstrating additional and distinct information compared to preconsultation US in almost half of the patients. Ultrasound is more accurate and critical in the evaluation of patients with thyroid cancer when performed by the surgeon.
Population‐level response of coyotes to a pulsed resource event
Authors: Petroelje Tyler R. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. , Wang Guiming , Leopold Bruce D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFrom foraging theory, generalist predators should increase consumption of prey if prey availability increases. Pulsed resource events introduce a large influx of prey to predators that may exhibit a functional response of increased consumption rate on, or specialization to, this abundant food resource. We predicted that coyotes (Canis latrans) would respond functionally to numerical increases of neonate white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the pulsed resource event of parturition. We used howl surveys and deer camera surveys with occupancy modeling to estimate densities for coyotes, adult deer, and fawns, respectively, in Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, 2009–2011. We estimated biomass of adult and fawn deer consumed by coyotes during 2 periods [fawn limited mobility period (LMP) and social mobility period (SMP)] in May–August each year. Coyote densities were 0.32 and 0.37/km2 for 2010–2011, respectively. Adult deer densities (3.7–3.9/km2) and fawn densities (0.6–1.3/km2) were similar across years. Overall, fawn hair occurrence in coyote scats was 2.3 times greater in LMP than SMP. Estimated consumption of fawns between periods (n = 157–880) by coyotes varied, suggesting a functional response, with increasing consumption of fawns relative to their availability. Coyotes, on average, consumed 2.2 times greater biomass of fawns than adults across years, and consumed 1.5 times greater fawn biomass, on average, during LMP than SMP. We suggest that consumption rates of coyotes is associated positively with increases in fawn density, and fawn consumption by coyotes follows predictions of optimal foraging theory during this pulsed resource event.
Radiological outcome and gait function of SCFE patients after growth arrest
Authors: Westhoff Bettina , Schröder Katharina , Weimann-Stahlschmidt Kristina , Zilkens Christoph , Willers Reinhart , Krauspe Rüdiger 
Published: October 2013

Purpose Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) represents the most common disorder of the hip in adolescents and a preliminary stage of degenerative joint disease. Up to now, functional outcome evaluation measured by objective instruments has been commonly neglected. The present study investigates whether the pathoanatomy of the hip joint after SCFE—analyzed on a standard X-ray—match functional results gained by three-dimensional gait analysis. A variation of functional outcome depending on the radiological findings after growth arrest is hypothesized. Methods Thirty-seven SCFE patients after growth arrest [mean age 18.5 years, standard deviation (SD) 4.61] with unilateral affection were included. The pathoanatomy of the hip joint was classified according to the radiological index of Heyman and Herndon and to aspherity. Three-dimensional gait analysis parameters were evaluated and subgroup analysis was performed according to the radiological results. Results The radiological findings revealed very good results in general (average comprehensive index of Heyman and Herndon 94 ± 9 %, aspherity grade <2). Significant deviations of gait parameters in relation to the radiological result were an increase in step width, sagittal range of motion (ROM) of the pelvis and foot progression for the worse subgroup. Conclusions Taken as a whole, the pathoanatomy of the hip joint after SCFE matched the functional results gained by gait analysis. Functional outcome varied slightly depending on the radiological findings after growth arrest. Differences were most pronounced for foot progression. Only with the help of gait analysis was it possible to describe deviations more precisely and objectively. Further studies are required in order to show which alterations are relevant for the development of secondary osteoarthritis.
Coping with the Challenges of Early Disaster Response: 24 Years of Field Hospital Experience After Earthquakes
Authors: Bar-On Elhanan , Abargel Avi , Peleg Kobi , Kreiss Yitshak 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo propose strategies and recommendations for future planning and deployment of field hospitals after earthquakes by comparing the experience of 4 field hospitals deployed by The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps in Armenia, Turkey, India and Haiti.MethodsQuantitative data regarding the earthquakes were collected from published sources; data regarding hospital activity were collected from IDF records; and qualitative information was obtained from structured interviews with key figures involved in the missions.ResultsThe hospitals started operating between 89 and 262 hours after the earthquakes. Their sizes ranged from 25 to 72 beds, and their personnel numbered between 34 and 100. The number of patients treated varied from 1111 to 2400. The proportion of earthquake-related diagnoses ranged from 28% to 67% (P < .001), with hospitalization rates between 3% and 66% (P < .001) and surgical rates from 1% to 24% (P < .001).ConclusionsIn spite of characteristic scenarios and injury patterns after earthquakes, patient caseload and treatment requirements varied widely. The variables affecting the patient profile most significantly were time until deployment, total number of injured, availability of adjacent medical facilities, and possibility of evacuation from the disaster area. When deploying a field hospital in the early phase after an earthquake, a wide variability in patient caseload should be anticipated. Customization is difficult due to the paucity of information. Therefore, early deployment necessitates full logistic self-sufficiency and operational versatility. Also, collaboration with local and international medical teams can greatly enhance treatment capabilities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–8)
Les processus de néolithisation : socialiser la nature et naturaliser la société
Authors: Chorin Delphine , Holl Augustin F.C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe advent of food-producing economies – agricultural and pastoral – is indeed an important step in the evolution of human societies. A number of explanatory models have been devised to explain and make sense of the processes involved in these transformations. The explanatory model offered by J. Cauvin in his last book is anchored on the “cultural reason”, a revolution of symbols that presided over the formations of the earliest villages communities and the onset of agricultural economies in the Levant. Alain Testart disagrees, launching an interesting debate and providing a rebuttal of the very logic – or lack thereof – underlying J. Cauvin's suggestions. In this paper, we outline the evolutionary models involved in this debate. Through two complementary case studies featuring prehistoric artworks, we offer a parsimonious non-deterministic co-evolutionary model that integrates all the major factors involved in the neolithisation processes.