bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High degree of cryptic population differentiation in the Baltic Sea herring Clupea harengus
Authors: Corander Jukka , Majander Kerttu K. , Cheng Lu , Merilä Juha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMarine fish species are characterized by a low degree of population differentiation at putatively neutral marker genes. This has been traditionally attributed to ecological homogeneity and a lack of obvious dispersal barriers in marine habitats, as well as to the large (effective) population sizes of most marine fish species. The herring (Clupea harengus) is a case in point – the levels of population differentiation at neutral markers, even across vast geographic areas, are typically very low (FST ≈ 0.005). We used a RAD‐sequencing approach to identify 5985 novel single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) in herring and estimated genome‐wide levels of divergence using pooled DNA samples between two Baltic Sea populations separated by 387 km. We found a total of 4756 divergent SNPs (79% of all SNPs) between the populations, of which 117 showed evidence of substantial divergence, corresponding to FST = 0.128 (0.125, 0.131) after accounting for possible biases due to minor alleles and uneven DNA amplification over the pooled samples. This estimate – based on screening many genomic polymorphisms – suggests the existence of hitherto unrecognized levels of genetic differentiation in this commercially important species, challenging the view of genetic homogeneity in marine fish species, and in that of the Baltic Sea herring in particular.
Multiple post‐mating barriers to hybridization in field crickets
Authors: Tyler Frances , Harrison Xavier A. , Bretman Amanda , Veen Thor , Rodríguez‐Muñoz Rolando , Tregenza Tom 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMechanisms that prevent different species from interbreeding are fundamental to the maintenance of biodiversity. Barriers to interspecific matings, such as failure to recognize a potential mate, are often relatively easy to identify. Those occurring after mating, such as differences in the how successful sperm are in competition for fertilisations, are cryptic and have the potential to create selection on females to mate multiply as a defence against maladaptive hybridization. Cryptic advantages to conspecific sperm may be very widespread and have been identified based on the observations of higher paternity of conspecifics in several species. However, a relationship between the fate of sperm from two species within the female and paternity has never been demonstrated. We use competitive microsatellite PCR to show that in two hybridising cricket species, Gryllus bimaculatus and G. campestris, sequential cryptic reproductive barriers are present. In competition with heterospecifics, more sperm from conspecific males is stored by females. Additionally, sperm from conspecific males has a higher fertilisation probability. This reveals that conspecific sperm precedence can occur through processes fundamentally under the control of females, providing avenues for females to evolve multiple mating as a defence against hybridization, with the counterintuitive outcome that promiscuity reinforces isolation and may promote speciation.
Post‐operative behavioural management in bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rudolph A. , Hilbert A. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryRecent research has provided evidence that bariatric surgery maximizes long‐term weight loss in patients with severe obesity. However, a substantial number of patients experience poor weight loss outcome and weight regain over time. Post‐operative behavioural management may facilitate long‐term weight control in bariatric surgery population. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the effects of post‐operative behavioural management on weight loss following bariatric surgery. Eligible articles were systematically searched in electronic databases. Among the 414 citations, five randomized controlled trials, two prospective and eight retrospective cohort trials analysing behavioural lifestyle interventions and support groups fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The main finding is that behavioural management had a positive effect on weight loss following surgery. In 13 studies, patients receiving behavioural management had greater weight loss than patients receiving usual care or no treatment. A meta‐analysis of five randomized controlled trials suggests greater weight loss in patients with behavioural lifestyle interventions compared with control groups. Post‐operative behavioural management has the potential to facilitate optimal weight loss following bariatric surgery, but conclusions were limited by the small and heterogeneous samples of studies. A more rigorous empirical evaluation on its clinical significance is warranted to improve effectiveness of bariatric surgery.
Risk of completed suicide after bariatric surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Peterhänsel C. , Petroff D. , Klinitzke G. , Kersting A. , Wagner B. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatments for morbid obesity, and a large body of research indicates significant long‐term weight loss. While overall mortality decreases in patients who received bariatric surgery, a number of studies have shown that suicide rates are higher in bariatric patients than in control groups. The objective of this study was to present a systematic review of suicide mortality after bariatric surgery and calculate an estimate for the suicide rate. Literature researches of the databases PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were conducted. Thirty studies concerning bariatric surgery and completed suicides met the inclusion criteria. We included 28 studies in the estimation of a suicide rate for the bariatric population. Only one study (Tindle et al.) put a main focus on suicide after bariatric surgery; this was therefore chosen as an adequate reference figure for comparison. The other 27 chosen studies were compared with World Health Organization data and the suicide rate reported by Tindle et al. Twenty‐three thousand eight hundred eighty‐five people were included in the analysis. In the literature, we found a total of 95 suicides when examining 190,000 person‐years of post‐bariatric surgery data. Little information was provided describing the reasons for suicide and the time‐point of these events after surgery. We estimated a suicide rate of 4.1/10,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [3.2, 5.1]/10,000 person‐years). A comparison with Tindle et al. demonstrates that their rate is significantly higher than our estimate (P = 0.03). Bariatric surgery patients show higher suicide rates than the general population. Therefore, there is a great need to identify persons at risk and post‐operative psychological monitoring is recommended.
Activity restriction vs. self‐direction: hospitalised older adults' response to fear of falling
Authors: Boltz Marie , Resnick Barbara , Capezuti Elizabeth , Shuluk Joseph 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundFunctional decline is a common complication in hospitalised older adults, associated with low mobility and physical activity. Fear of falling may contribute to limited mobility and physical activity, and loss of physical function. An understanding of this relationship, as well as contributing factors, may inform the development of safe, function‐promoting interventions.AimTo describe fear of falling in hospitalised older adults and its relationship with patient characteristics and physical function and explore patient views of associated factors.Designcombined quantitative and qualitative approach using chart extraction, observation and interviews of older adults.Methods(i) correlations and analysis of variance methods; (ii) content and thematic analysis; and (iii) evaluation of convergence, complementarity and dissonance of quantitative and qualitative data.ResultsDepressed older persons were more likely to describe fear of falling (r = 0.47, P = 0.002). Fear of falling was associated with the loss of physical function from admission to discharge (F = 7.6, P = 0.009). The participant response to fear of falling was activity restriction vs. self‐direction. Participants described the following factors, organised by social–ecological framework, to be considered when developing alternatives to activity restriction: intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental and policy.ConclusionFear of falling plays a significant role in restricting physical activity and function. A multifactorial approach may provide a viable alternative to activity restriction, by facilitating self‐direction and functional recovery.Implications for practiceInterventions to prevent falls and activities to promote functional mobility are ideally developed in tandem, with attention paid to the physical and social environment. Preventing hospital‐acquired disability may require a shift in organisational values around safety, from a soley protective approach to one that reflects an enabling philosophy emphasising independence and self‐direction. Such a paradigm shift would demonstrate a valuing not only of the absence of falls but also the preservation and restoration of function.
Vitamin D Level in Children Is Correlated with Severity of Atopic Dermatitis but Only in Patients with Allergic Sensitizations
Authors: Akan Aysegul , Azkur Dilek , Ginis Tayfur , Toyran Muge , Kaya Aysenur , Vezir Emine , Özcan Celal , Ginis Zeynep , Kocabas Can Naci 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVitamin D is believed to affect the progression and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). Allergic sensitization may cause this effect to vary. Individuals who fulfilled the Hanifin and Rajka criteria for AD underwent epidermal prick tests and blood tests for specific immunoglobulin E(IgE), serum total IgE, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D, and peripheral blood eosinophil count and percentage. Disease severity was determined according to the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Patients were grouped according to allergic sensitization. Seventy‐three children with AD (median age 33.0 mos, interquartile range 19.0–61.5 mos) were enrolled in the study; 33 (45.2%) were found to have allergic sensitization. In this group there was a negative correlation between SCORAD score and serum vitamin D level (p = 0.047, correlation coefficient [r] = −0.349), whereas there was no correlation in the group without sensitization (p = 0.30, r = −0.168). Vitamin D was not correlated with total IgE and eosinophil percentage in either AD group (p = 0.77, r = 0.054 and p = 0.73, r = −0.062, respectively). Vitamin D may affect the severity of AD, especially in children with allergic sensitization.
Economic justification for quarantine status – the case study of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in the European Union
Authors: Soliman T. , Mourits M. C. M. , Oude Lansink A. G. J. M. , van der Werf W. 
Published: January 2013

International agreements on plant health and trade require that regulating a pest should be justified by economic impact assessment. Economic impact assessments are usually qualitative, weakening the objective and transparency of the regulation decision. This study assessed the potential economic impacts of the invasion of the plant pathogenic bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ into the European Union in order to economically justify a decision on its quarantine status. Direct economic impacts resulting from yield loss in potato and tomato were computed using partial budgeting at a regional scale, while total economic impacts on the potato and tomato markets were computed using partial equilibrium modelling at the EU scale. Annual direct impacts at the most likely infestation level were estimated at €222 m for the whole EU. Uncertainty analysis showed a distribution of foreseeable annual impacts with a 5th percentile of €192 m, and a 95th percentile of €512 m. Increased market prices of potato and tomato resulting from reduced supply were found to increase profits for non‐infested producers and to compensate in part for the production losses of infested producers, with consumers paying for this mitigation of impacts on producers. The expected negative impact on societal welfare at the most likely infestation level is less than the estimated direct impacts, viz. €114 m/year. The potential economic impacts of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ in the European Union are demonstrably of major importance. Therefore, a decision to categorize this organism as a quarantine pest is supported.
Comparison of Membrane‐Permeant Fluorescent Probes for Sperm Viability Assessment in the Ram
Authors: Yániz JL , Palacín I , Vicente‐Fiel S , Gosalvez J , López‐Fernández C , Santolaria P 
Published: January 2013

ContentsThis study was designed to compare the effectiveness and usability of four permeant fluorochromes (CFDA;SYBR‐14; Hoechst‐33342; and acridine orange), combined with propidium iodide to assess sperm membrane integrity. Three different experiments were conducted. The first trial was designed to study the optimal dye concentration and minimum incubation time required to achieve optimum fluorescence intensities and contrast for each fluorochrome combination using ram fresh semen samples. BothSYBR‐14 and acridine orange allowed a direct assessment of sperm membrane integrity, without the need of incubating samples, whereas a minimum of 4 and 6 min of incubation at 37°C was necessary to achieve optimum fluorescence intensities in theCFDAand Hoechst groups, respectively. In the second trial, fresh semen samples were mixed with different volumes of membrane‐affected sperm (semen treated with three cycles of freezing to −20°C and thawing at room temperature) to produce semen samples with known proportions of damaged spermatozoa. The results were compared with the theoretical values predicted on the basis of the estimations made on fresh and frozen samples. The proportions of damaged sperm in each sample determined using the four fluorochrome combinations agreed with the predicted theoretical values, with the acridine orange/propidium iodide providing the best adjustment. The third experiment was performed to compare the results of sperm membrane integrity using the four fluorochrome combinations. The proportions of plasmalemma‐intact sperm determined by acridine orange andSYBR‐14 were greater (p < 0.0001) than the proportions of intact sperm determined byCFDAand Hoechst stains. It was concluded that the most efficient combinations to be used in ram sperm wereAO/PIandSYBR/PIbecause it allowed a direct assessment of sperm viability without the need to incubate samples and obtaining reliable results.
Policy Capacity for Climate Change inCanada's Transportation Sector
Authors: Newman Joshua , Perl Anthony , Wellstead Adam , McNutt Kathleen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhen pursuing change, legacies of policy goals and instruments from an established paradigm often present constraints on fully embracing a newer paradigm, resulting in the layering of new policy goals and instruments on top of the existing base. In this article, we investigate the effect of layered paradigms on policy capacity at three different levels of policy making in theCanadian transportation sector. Using analysis of government publications and budget data, virtual policy network analysis, quantitative analysis of data from a survey ofCanadian policy analysts, and direct interviews with policy managers in two provinces, we demonstrate how this layering of legacy goals (and consequent policyincapacity) is occurring at the macro, meso, and micro levels of policy making. We conclude that the layering of a new policy paradigm for climate change on top of the established paradigm for transportation development constrains policy capacity in this subsystem.
Suppression of Allergen‐Specific IgE in Offspring After Preconceptional Immunisation: Maternal, Paternal and Genetic Influences
Authors: Nygaard U. C. , Hansen J. S. , Groeng E.‐C. , Melkild I. , Løvik M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractImmunisation of female mice with the allergen ovalbumin (OVA) during pregnancy reduces the OVA‐specific IgE response in adult offspring. To approach primary prevention strategies for allergy, we investigated to what extent genetic, paternal and maternal factors influence this suppressive effect on allergic sensitisation in offspring and investigated the possibility of pregestational immunisation. Maternal allergen immunisation reduced OVA‐specific IgE levels in immunised offspring, even after maternal immunisation up to 8 weeks before conception without further allergen exposure. Immunisation of immunodeficient BALB/c severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) dams mated with wild type males did not lead to IgE suppression in offspring, indicating the importance of a functional maternal immune system. Immunisation of male mice before the relevant spermatogenesis did not cause antibody suppression in offspring. OVA‐specific IgG1, presumably of maternal origin, was present in naïve offspring only from immunised dams and was associated with suppressed IgE responses after offspring immunisation. The IgE‐suppressive effect of maternal immunisation was demonstrated in all three immunocompetent strains tested (NIH/OlaHsd, BALB/cA and C57BL/6 mice). In conclusion, suppression of allergen‐specific IgE production in offspring could not be induced by paternal immunisation, and genetic factors were of minor importance. In contrast, we demonstrate the necessity of maternal factors, possibly allergen‐specific IgG1, resulting from a functional adaptive immune response, for the IgE‐suppressive effect in offspring. These maternal factors could be induced by immunisation of female mice even before conception.
Sustained improvements in handwashing indicators more than 5 years after a cluster‐randomised, community‐based trial of handwashing promotion in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Bowen Anna , Agboatwalla Mubina , Ayers Tracy , Tobery Timothy , Tariq Maria , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate handwashing behaviour 5 years after a handwashing intervention in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsIn 2003, we randomised neighbourhoods to control, handwashing promotion, or handwashing promotion and water treatment. Intervention households were given soap +/− water treatment product and weekly handwashing education for 9 months. In 2009, we re‐enrolled 461 households from the three study groups: control (160), handwashing (141), and handwashing + water treatment (160) and assessed hygiene‐related outcomes, accounting for clustering.ResultsIntervention households were 3.4 times more likely than controls to have soap at their handwashing stations during the study visit [293/301 (97%) vs. 45/159 (28%), P < 0.0001]. While nearly all households reported handwashing after toileting, intervention households more commonly reported handwashing before cooking [relative risk (RR) 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–1.4)] and before meals [RR 1.7 (95% CI, 1.3–2.1)]. Control households cited a mean of 3.87 occasions for washing hands; handwashing households, 4.74 occasions; and handwashing + water treatment households, 4.78 occasions (P < 0.0001). Households reported purchasing a mean of 0.65 (control), 0.91 (handwashing) and 1.1 (handwashing + water treatment) bars of soap/person/month (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsFive years after receiving handwashing promotion, intervention households were more likely to have soap at the household handwashing station, know key times to wash hands and report purchasing more soap than controls, suggesting habituation of improved handwashing practices in this population. Intensive handwashing promotion may be an effective strategy for habituating hygiene behaviours and improving health.
A regional haemovigilance retrospective study of four types of therapeutic plasma in a ten‐year survey period in France
Authors: Bost V. , Odent‐Malaure H. , Chavarin P. , Benamara H. , Fabrigli P. , Garraud O. 
Published: January 2013

Background and objectivesOur objective was to compare the frequency of adverse events (AEs) due to any of the 4 types of fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) prepared and delivered by the French Blood Establishment (EFS) over a 10‐year period. Surveillance of AEs and vigilance was performed according to a homogeneous policy. The four types of FFP comprised of one type (methylene blue [MB) that was stopped since then and of another type [amotosalen (AI)] that was recently introduced, along with two conventional products [quarantine (Q) and solvent–detergent (SD)].Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study based on the national AE reporting database and on the regional database system for deliveries. AEs recorded after the delivery of 1 of the 4 types of FFP were pairwise compared, with appropriate statistical corrections.Results105 964 FFP units were delivered (38·4% Q, 17·9% SD, 9·7% MB and 34% AI).Statistical comparisons of AEs identified only a difference in AE rates between quarantine and solvent–detergent plasma.ConclusionsFFP was confirmed to be extremely safe in general, especially if one considers ‘severe’ AEs. All types of FFP were associated with extremely low occurrences of AEs. Q, SD, MB and AI led, respectively, to 7·14, 4·86, 1·05 and 4·16 AEs per 10 000 deliveries.
On the completeness of sets of complex exponentials
Authors: Smith Kevin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe completeness of sets of complex exponentials {eiλf(n)⋅:f∈ℤ} in Lp(−π,π), 1<p≤2, is considered under Levinson’s sufficient condition in the non-trivial case λ≥1−(1/p). All such sets are determined explicitly.
Decomposition matrices ford-Harish-Chandra series: the exceptional rank two cases
Authors: Chlouveraki Maria , Miyachi Hyohe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe calculate all decomposition matrices of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of the rank two exceptional complex reflection groups in characteristic zero. We prove the existence of canonical basic sets in the sense of Geck–Rouquier and show that all modular irreducible representations can be lifted to the ordinary ones.