bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of bis(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N′)silver(I) mononitrate, [Ag(C12H8N2)2][NO3]
Authors: Li P.-G. , Wang Q.-L. , Li D.-S. , Fu F. , Qi G.-C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C24H16AgN5O3, orthorhombic, Fddd (no. 70), a = 3.668(1) Å, b = 30.046(9) Å, c = 38.88(1) Å, V = 4284.2 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.064, wRref(F2) = 0.198, T = 273 K.
Crystal structure of bis(1,3-diaminepropane)carbonatomanganese(III) chloride monohydrate, [Mn(C3H10N2)2(CO3)]Cl · H2O
Authors: Xu S.-P. , Liu C.-H. , Shao J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C7H22ClMnN4O4, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 8.997(2) Å, b = 6.781(2) Å, c = 21.398(6) Å, β = 91.81(1)°, V = 1304.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.047, wRref(F2) = 0.132, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 3,4,7,8-bis(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborano[1,2])- 1,2,5,6-tetraselenacyclooctane benzene solvate, [(C2B10H10)Se2]2 · C6D6
Authors: García-Hernández Z. , Wrackmeyer B. , Herberhold M. , Irrgang T. , Kempe R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C10H26B20Se4, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 10.3649(4) Å, b = 13.8582(7) Å, c = 18.3667(8) Å, β = 95.460(3)°, V = 2626.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.040, wRref(F2) = 0.097, T = 193 K.
Crystal structure of bis(N-ethylpyridinium) bis(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole- 4,5-dithiolato)mercurate(II), (C7H10N)2[Hg(C3S5)2]
Authors: Wang Y.-L. , Yu W.-T. , Xu D. , Wang X.-Q. , Guo W.-F. , Zhang G.-H. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C20H20HgN2S10, monoclinic, C12/m1 (no. 12), a = 20.286(4) Å, b = 14.598(3) Å, c = 10.007(2) Å, β = 104.964(3)°, V = 2862.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.034, wRref(F2) = 0.091, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of tetragadolinium hexaiodide monogermanide, Gd4I6Ge
Authors: Lukachuk M. , Mattausch Hj. , Simon A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract Gd4GeI6, monoclinic, C12/c1 (no. 15), a = 19.315(2) Å, b = 12.101(1) Å, c = 13.531(1) Å, β = 97.545(8)°, V = 3135.2 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.057, wRref(F2) = 0.094, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine)glycin, C8H8FN3O5
Authors: Xiong J. , Lei X.-X. , Hu M.-L. , Yuan J.-X. , Cai X.-Q. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C8H8FN3O5, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 10.207(1) Å, b = 4.5723(6) Å, c = 22.760(3) Å, β = 112.007(5)°, V = 984.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.068, wRref(F2) = 0.140, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of dichloro((N-(N′,N′-dimethylammonio)ethyl)- 2,4-dichlorosalicylaldiminato-N,O)copper(II), Cu(C11H14Cl2N2O)Cl2
Authors: Ma J.-Y. , Wu T.-X. , She X.-G. , Pan X.-F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C11H14Cl4CuN2O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.737(2) Å, b = 10.131(2) Å, c = 20.229(3) Å, V = 1585.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.040, wRref(F2) = 0.079, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bis(1,3-dithiole- 2-thione-4,5-dithiolato)aurate(III), [C16H33(CH3)3N][Au(C3S5)2]
Authors: Li T.-B. , Xu D. , Yu W.-T. , Zhang G.-H. , Wang X.-Q. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C25H42AuNS10, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.806(5) Å, b = 10.298(5) Å, c = 18.660(5) Å, α = 85.925(5)°, β = 79.413(5)°, γ = 73.551(5)°, V = 1776.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.061, wRref(F2) = 0.164, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of tetraaquabis(4-nitropyridine N-oxide-O)nickel(II) dinitrate, [Ni(H2O)4(ONC5H4NO2)2][NO3]2
Authors: Zhao M.-G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C10H16N6NiO16, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 8.332(2) Å, b = 11.336(2) Å, c = 11.087(2) Å, β = 102.430(3)°, V = 1022.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.042, wRref(F2) = 0.095, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of bis(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N′)bis(4-fluorobenzoato- O,O′)tetrakis(μ-4-fluorobenzoato-O,O′)didysprosium(III), Dy2(C6H4FCOO)6(C12H8N2)2
Authors: Ju Y.-L. , Li X. , Zhang T.-T. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C66H40Dy2F6N4O12, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.915(1) Å, b = 11.775(1) Å, c = 14.775(2) Å, α = 106.704(2)°, β = 107.835(2)°, γ = 101.476(2)°, V = 1493.0 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.029, wRref(F2) = 0.074, T = 294 K.
Crystal structure of 1,5-cyclooctadiene-bis[(4-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)- trimethylsilanyl-amido]ruthenium(II), Ru(C8H12)(C9H15N2Si)2
Authors: Deeken S. , Irrgang T. , Kempe R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C26H42N4RuSi2, monoclinic, C12/c1 (no. 15), a = 16.399(2) Å, b = 16.138(2)Å, c = 21.349(2)Å, β = 96.735(7)°, V = 5611.0Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.034, wRref(F2) = 0.097, T = 193 K.
Crystal structure of taxuspinanane A acetonitrile solvate, C47H59NO14 · CH3CN
Authors: Buchta M. , Jegorov A. , Hušák M. , Čejka J. , Kratochvíl B. , Kuzma M. , Sedmera P. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract C49H62N2O14, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.46370(3)Å, b = 12.29468(3) Å, c = 40.46176(4) Å, V = 4707.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.102, wRref(F) = 0.099, T = 150 K.
Dimensionality Reduction and Generation of Human Motion
Authors: Qu Shi , Wu Ling-da , Yu Rong-huan , Wei Ying-mei 
Published: September 2014

To reuse existing motion data and generate new motion, a method of human motion nonlinear dimensionality reduction and generation, based on fast adaptive scaled Gaussian process latent variable models, is proposed. Through statistical learning on motion data, the motion data are mapped from high-dimensional observation space to low-dimensional latent space to implement nonlinear dimensionality reduction, and probability distributing of posture space which measures the nature of posture is obtained. The posture which meets constraints and has maximal probability can be computed as the solution of inverse kinematics. This method can avoid cockamamie computation and posture distortion existing in traditional inverse kinematics.The experiments show that our method has higher convergence velocity and precision and extends editing range of motion by adapting motion editing direction.
Handwritten Documents Text Line Segmentation based on Information Energy
Authors: Boiangiu Costin Anton , Tanase Mihai Cristian , Ioanitescu Radu 
Published: September 2014

The first step in the text recognition process is represented by the text line segmentation procedures. Only after text lines are correctly identified can the process proceed to the recognition of individual characters. This paper proposes a line segmentation algorithm based on the computation of an information content level, called energy, for each pixel of the image and using it to execute the seam carving procedure. The algorithm proposes the identification of text lines which follow the text more accurately with the expected downside of the computational overhead.
Development of an Agent Based Specialized Multi-Lingual Web Browser for Visually Handicapped
Authors: Ramalingam Ponnusamy , Babu Satish , Chitralekha T. 
Published: September 2014

In the modern age everyone needs access to Internet; Visually handicapped are not an exception for that. SPECS (SPEcialized Computer System) is a system developed to give access to the visually handicapped. It has a Braille shell. The user can enter his spoken language. After the selection of the language the user can present his request to the browser through chosen language in Braille. The output generated by the browser is given out as voice message. The effectiveness of this system is measured based on number of requests processed, access speed and precision of the system
Network Anomaly Detection based on Multi-scale Dynamic Characteristics of Traffic
Authors: Yuan Jing , Yuan Ruixi , Chen Xi 
Published: September 2014

This paper proposes a novel detection engine, called the Wavelet-Recurrence-Clustering (WRC) detection model, to study the network anomaly detection problem that is widely attractive in Internet security area. The WRC model firstapplies the wavelet transform and recurrence analysis to calculate the multi-scale dynamic characteristics of network traffic, and then identifies network anomalies throughthe clustering algorithm with those dynamic characteristics. The evaluation results on DARPA 1999 dataset indicate that the WRC detection model can effectively improve the detection accuracy with a low false alarm rate.
Novel CYP2E1 haplotype identified in a South African cohort
Authors: Heathfield Laura J. , Dalvie Shareefa , Kalideen Kusha , Dandara Collet 
Published: September 2014

Alcohol abuse accounts for approximately 2.5 million deaths annually and is the third highest risk factor for disease and disability. Alcohol is metabolised by polymorphic enzymes and the status of an individual with respect to alcohol metabolising enzymes may have forensic relevance in post-mortems. Baseline frequencies of gene variants involved in alcohol metabolism need to be established to aid the identification of suitable population-specific polymorphisms to genotype during molecular autopsies. The principal alcohol metabolising enzymes include alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) – rs1229984G>A and rs2066702C>T in ADH1B, rs671G>A in ALDH2, and rs3813867G>C, rs2031920C>T and rs6413432T>A in CYP2E1 – were genotyped in 150 individuals from four South African populations: Xhosa, Zulu, South African white and South African coloured. Allele frequencies for each SNP in the four population groups were 0–10% for rs1229984A, 2–12% for rs2066702T, 0–2% for rs671A, 1–4% for rs3813867C, 0–1% for rs2031920T and 3–15% for rs6413432A. Haplotype analysis revealed a novel combination of three SNPs in CYP2E1 whose effects on alcohol metabolism need further investigation. Establishment of baseline frequencies adds to our knowledge of genetic variation in alcohol metabolising enzymes and additional research is required to determine the functional significance of this novel CYP2E1 haplotype.
Ultrasonic Log Response in Lightweight Cement Conditions
Authors: Thomas Sonia , Smith Charles H. , Williams Brett W. , Hamilton Layne 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Lightweight cement can present unique challenges to efficient and accurate evaluation of cement sheath integrity. Standard bond log tools require strong compressional bonding to casing to observe an attenuation of the sonic signal that is set up inside the casing. Lightweight cement often experiences less cohesion to casing because of its lowered fluid density when pumped and lower compressive strength after being set up. These properties can negatively affect measurement.
Definition of the cement sheath must still be determined using a method that is both valid and repeatable. The industry has demonstrated the ability to accomplish this task using ultrasonic logging tools. These devices allow very precise definition of the cement sheath using 360° examination of the data, but still require innovative interpretation techniques to derive useful solutions regarding the isolation capability of the cement.
Additional complication is introduced when consolidated efficiency fluid material is pumped as an isolation fluid. This fluid material is lighter weight and has lower compressive strength than even the lightest cements. However, isolation of the reservoirs from surface water and the ability to fracture treat wells with restrained fluid mobility must still be determined.
This paper demonstrates the application of ultrasonic cement evaluation tools under these difficult conditions. Examples of conventional cement, lightweight cement, and consolidated efficiency fluid isolation fluids are considered. The processed logs highlight the confidence in the reservoir isolation identified using these tools and evaluation techniques.
Correlation of High Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration to Deep Features, in Eagle Ford Shale Wells, McMullen County, Texas
Authors: DuBois P. F. , Rogers J. B. , Lamond R. E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Early development of Eagle Ford Shale (EFS) indicated the reservoir was relatively sweet, typically producing H2S in low concentrations (&lt;1%). However in McMullen Co. TX, wells with high concentration (&gt;4%) are found. Mapping raw untreated H2S gas concentration shows a direct correlation to salt domes and subsequent deep faulting. The enigma has been high H2S wells offset by low H2S wells, not associated with salt domes or faulting. Micro-seismic and re-processed seismic data revealed that deep faults do intersect these wellbores. This additional data indicates that deep faulting into the Edwards creates a conduit for the H2S to enter the EFS. Mapping of these deep features allows for the prediction of areas with high H2S.
Initially, long range plans were made with sweet EFS oil in mind. Encountering wells with large concentrations of H2S in an otherwise sweet field has the potential to lead to operating inefficiencies and higher OPEX and CAPEX as treatment solutions are brought into place after the fact. The best solutions take time to implement and advance warning of high H2S is critical in minimizing the financial impact.
A model was generated, based on the expected H2S concentration and production forecast, that is capable of directing the long term drilling and completions strategy as well as to provide expectations for use in the construction of facilities and selection of H2S treatment options. The drilling and completion strategy minimized the amount of H2S that will be encountered and the optimization of facilities reduces operating inefficiencies and OPEX and CAPEX outlays.
Building on that correlation, deep features were used to predict high H2S wells and high H2S was used to predict and locate deep features not previously identified. Mapping of these deep features allows for the prediction of areas with high H2S and has lead to a change in drilling and completion strategies by avoiding features associated with high H2S.
A Correlational Study to Evaluate Minimum Detectable Leak Rate in Gas Wellbores Using Ultrasound Survey
Authors: Awolusi Femi , Syvertson David , Johns Joel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A wide variety of tools and methods are currently available to monitor casing integrity on a case-by-case basis. The use of mechanical integrity test (MIT) methods, to observe pressure communication between casing strings and formation, is often mandated by regulatory agencies when assessing the performance of cemented strings. The pressure monitoring test is the conventional MIT method mostly prescribed for wellbores in gas wells. However, pressure monitoring test require an iterative number of steps to determine the leak source and such determination preclude an estimate of gas leakage rate.
However, the ultrasonic or magnetic methods could offer a more direct assessment of casing integrity in gas wells without tubings. In this study, a wellhead test configuration was set-up on a gas cavern well with tubingless completion to simulate different casing leak scenarios whereby flow rates, pressure drops, and ultrasonic noise log responses were measured.
A ratio response scale was developed to normalize background noise inherent in ultrasound response data; and thereafter used to develop a minimum detectable leak rate (MDLR) estimate. The degree of association between measured variable (ultrasonic noise log response), and predictor variable (products of flow rates and differential pressures) was statistically established. The result showed that ultrasonic noise log could detect a minimum leak rate of 50 Mcf/d at a differential pressure of 75 psi.
The significance of this study was to provide a specific evaluation of the ultrasonic noise log as an alternative to conventional mechanical integrity test (MIT) for cemented strings in gas wells. The study, while contributing to the literature in ultrasonic noise log applications, also provides a framework for quantitative analysis of ultrasound data that may be suitable for future wellbore diagnostic works.
Petrophysical Quantification of Multiple Porosities in Shale Petroleum Reservoirs
Authors: Lopez Bruno , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Previous petrographic work has shown that shale petroleum reservoirs at discovery are characterized by multiple porosities. In addition there is a porosity that is generated during hydraulic fracturing jobs. Thus a quintuple porosity system might be at work when shale wells go on production.
In this work a petrophysical model is built that allows quantification of storage capabilities in shales through determination of adsorbed porosity (φads_c), organic porosity (φorg), inorganic porosity (φm), fracture porosity (φ2) and hydraulic fracture porosity (φhf). These data are important as they provide reasonable input to physics-based numerical simulators for shale petroleum reservoirs and thus more realistic projections of reservoir performance and recoveries.
Pattern recognition is used in a modified Pickett plot for distinguishing key shale components such as total organic carbon (TOC), level of organic metamorphism (LOM) and to distinguish between viscous and diffusion-like flow. Results from the model compare well against laboratory data.
The petrophysical model is robust as it can handle at the same time the 5 porosities mentioned above, but it can also handle simultaneously 4, 3, 2 or only 1 of those porosities depending on the characteristics of the reservoir at a given depth.
It is concluded that the petrophysical model presented in this paper constitutes a valuable tool for physics-based characterization of shale petroleum reservoirs. The model is developed in such a way that it can still be used even in those cases where laboratory data are not available and well log suites are not complete.
Analysis of Microbes in Hydraulic Fracturing of Montney Tight Gas Formations in Western Canada
Authors: Elliott Alexander S. , Suri Navreet K. , An Dongshan , Voordouw Gerrit , Kaert Krista , Langille David L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Microbes in unconventional gas operations can conceivably contribute to (i) degradation of polymers in hydraulic fracturing fluid, (ii) well plugging, limiting gas flow and (iii) souring and corrosion due to activity of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Flowback waters from a tight gas field in Northern British Columbia were distinct from the fresh water, used for making hydraulic fracturing fluid, by their high salinity, low pH and high ammonium concentrations. Microbial counts of SRB and of acid-producing bacteria (APB) for these flowback waters were significantly lower than for the fresh water used to make the hydraulic fracturing fluid. Determining microbial community compositions by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes in the samples did not indicate the presence of microbes preferring high salt or high temperature conditions in samples of flowback water. These data indicate that these tight gas formations are sterile and that the microbes that are being introduced with the hydraulic fracturing fluid do not thrive downhole. Hence, microbes downhole are unlikely to contribute to well plugging, limiting gas flow. Microbes at or near the surface may cause polymer degradation in hydraulic fracturing fluid, especially when guar gum is used in gel-based fracturing treatments, and may cause souring in the fresh water, used for making hydraulic fracturing fluid, if this contains a significant concentration of sulfate.
Horizontal Wells in Western Canada - a Status Update
Authors: Dixon R. K. , Flint D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Horizontal drilling has become the most common drilling style in western Canada since its introduction over 25 years ago. Initially, target plays were conventional reservoirs where horizontal length improved the recovery that was limited in vertical wells by reservoir heterogeneity and/or unconventional hydrocarbon quality. More recently, horizontal drilling has also targeted unconventional plays characterized by low reservoir quality where completions are critical. Operators have embraced the horizontal well technology advances, especially when combined with the revolution in multi stage frac'ing.
Through 2012 and 2013, more than 4100 horizontal oil wells and more than 900 horizontal gas wells were drilled and brought onstream, annually. Production rates from these wells have topped 1 million boe per day.
This paper provides an overview of the most active plays in the WCSB, from a horizontal well perspective. The paper also includes discussions of trends in horizontal well drilling activity, technology and productivity by: –play (location, formation, commodity, new target vs. redevelopment of established pools)–technology (treated horizontal well lengths, frac metrics)–productivity metrics–operator comparisons
Further, selected plays are examined in more detail, to get to the heart of this horizontal well technology roll-out.
Understanding Water Flood Response in Tight Oil Formations: A Case Study of the Lower Shaunavon
Authors: Thomas Adrian , Kumar Anjani , Rodrigues Kenny , Sinclair Ryan , Lackie Colin , Galipeault Angela , Blair Mike 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The evolution of producing resource plays in Saskatchewan Canada has gained momentum in the last 10 years. Many new tight formations in Western Canada have been discovered or are now economic to bring on production due to the emergence of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies. One play gaining momentum over the last few years has been the Lower Shaunavon located in the south west quadrant of Saskatchewan. Through learning's from tight oil plays, such as the Bakken, Crescent Point has been able to apply some of the development strategies to the Lower Shaunavon; however, there is still a large factor of uncertainty and risk involved in these tight formation plays. Reservoir modelling can be used as a tool to reliably forecast well performance and reduce future risk and uncertainty.
An eighteen well numerical simulation model was built to represent Crescent Point Energy's Lower Shaunavon waterflood pilot area. Numerical simulation was used as a tool to obtain a better understanding of the reservoir and hydraulic fracture parameters in the area along with waterflood response in the tight oil play. A history match on the pilot area was performed. Using parameters obtained from the history match, a representative model was built and a sensitivity study was performed on hydraulic fracture spacing and well spacing in both primary depletion and waterflood scenarios. This paper will discuss the workflow, challenges, and general findings related to waterflood performance on Lower Shaunavon.
While industry continues to study and optimize hydraulic fracturing decisions, the combination of these decisions with IOR potential, namely waterflooding tight oil plays, needs to be understood. Developing a workflow that enables optimization of both fracture completions (spacing, half lengths, etc.) and water injection schemes may lead to a more complete approach to maximizing asset value.
Effect of influent temperature on determination of airflow at doyang sewage treatment plant
Authors: Cha Woonou , Chun Wan Myung , Kim Byoung Soo , Choi Miyoung , Kim Jinman 
Published: September 2014

To construct an energy saving airflow-controlling system for Doyang sewage treatment plant, the factors affecting airflow of the influent was analyzed in this study. This research analyzed the operation data of Doyang sewage treatment plant for 912 days.
As a result, the key factors deciding the optimum airflow were found to be temperature, F/M ratio, the loading rate of BOD5 and T-N of the influent. Among the factors, the temperature of the influent had the most decisive effect on the aeration volume. The result showed that an increase of 1 °C of the influent requires 45.3 m3/h airflow. Since the factors affected by seasons like flow rate, F/M ratio and MLSS affect airflow required of blowers, and the change of temperature is considered to intensify the change of airflow even more. Therefore, it is preferable to consider flow rate, F/M ratio, MLSS and water temperature altogether than considering only one factor when deciding airflow of blowers.
The results of this research can be utilized as indicators when designing energy saving system for sewage treatment plants.