bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic stress undermines the compensatory sleep efficiency increase in response to sleep restriction in adolescents
Authors: Astill Rebecca G. , Verhoeven Dorit , Vijzelaar Romy L. , Van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryTo investigate the effects of real‐life stress on the sleep of adolescents, we performed a repeated‐measures study on actigraphic sleep estimates and subjective measures during one regular school week, two stressful examination weeks and a week's holiday. Twenty‐four adolescents aged 17.63 ± 0.10 years (mean ± standard error of the mean) wore actigraphs and completed diaries on subjective stress, fatigue, sleep quality, number of examinations and consumption of caffeine and alcohol for 4 weeks during their final year of secondary school. The resulting almost 500 assessments were analysed using mixed‐effect models to estimate the effects of mere school attendance and additional examination stress on sleep estimates and subjective ratings. Total sleep time decreased from 7:38 h ± 12 min during holidays to 6:40 h ± 12 min during a regular school week. This 13% decrease elicited a partial compensation, as indicated by a 3% increase in sleep efficiency and a 6% decrease in the duration of nocturnal awakenings. During examination weeks total sleep time decreased to 6:23 h ± 8 min, but it was now accompanied by a decrease in sleep efficiency and subjective sleep quality and an increase in wake bout duration. In conclusion, school examination stress affects the sleep of adolescents. The compensatory mechanism of more consolidated sleep, as elicited by the sleep restriction associated with mere school attendance, collapsed during 2 weeks of sustained examination stress.
Oocyte Diameter and Plasma Vitellogenin as Predictive Factors to Identify Potential Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Suitable for Induced Spawning
Authors: Chatakondi Nagaraj G. , Kelly Anita M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study monitors the progression of oocyte size and plasma hormone profiles of female channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, at monthly intervals to stage expectant ovulating, females for strip spawning. The “critical minimum” diameter of an oocyte to reach threshold maturity for channel catfish was 2.5 ± 0.21 mm. Monthly increases of oocyte diameters and plasma vitellogenin concentrations were linear until spawning. The reproductive performance of cannulated and noncannulated catfish did not differ, negating adverse effects of routine cannulation. This study suggests oocyte diameter in channel catfish can be used as a predictive factor to determine and stage potential broodfish suitable for hormone‐induced spawning.
Effects of Neutral Phytase Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and Gibel Carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, Fed Different Levels of Monocalcium Phosphate
Authors: Liu Liwei , Luo Yuliang , Liang Xu‐Fang , Wang Weimin , Wu Junjie , Pan Jing 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo 8‐wk studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral phytase supplementation on hemato‐biochemical status, liver biochemical parameter, and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with different levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The control diet was prepared with 2% MCP but without phytase (P2.0). The other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% MCP, respectively, when supplemented with 500 U/kg neutral phytase in each diet and designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5, respectively. The results indicated that the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as the albumin (ALB) content were increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and gibel carp (P > 0.05) fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. Meanwhile, the serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and total protein contents of the two species of fish were increased in comparison to the control. In addition, dietary phytase inclusion did not significantly affect hepatic ALP, ALT, and AST activities in the two species of carp fed with different levels of MCP. Amylase activity increased in foregut and hindgut of both species when fed with the phytase‐supplemented diets while lipase activity was reduced in the foregut and hindgut in both fish. This study suggests that neutral phytase supplementation increases serum ALP, ALT, and AST activities but does not notably affect these enzyme activities in the liver of the two species of carp when fed different levels of MCP. On the other hand, amylase activity increased while lipase activity was reduced in the intestine of the species of carp fed with phytase‐supplemented diets.
Daily and Annual Variation in Digestive Enzymes – Amylase and Basic and Acid Proteases – in Gilt‐head Sea Bream, Sparus aurata
Authors: Sánchez‐Muros Maria J. , Gómez‐Milán Encarnación , Barroso Fernando G. , Manzano‐Agugliaro Francisco 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study examines the daily and annual changes in amylase and basic and acid protease activities in gilt‐head sea bream, Sparus aurata. During the experiment, the fish were kept in cages for production under natural temperature and photoperiod conditions and fed with a commercial diet. To study the effect of photoperiod and temperature, the experiments were conducted during six different months that were chosen based on temperature and photoperiod. To determine daily changes in enzymes activities, for every 3 h during 24 h period, six fish were randomly selected and sacrificed. The annual results for acid protease activity show a rhythm with 6‐mo period (bimodal rhythm) with acrophases in May and November. The activities of pancreatic enzymes, which include basic protease and amylase, exhibited parallel changes with two peaks of activity in January and October without a rhythmic pattern. The daily changes in enzyme activities are significant only in May, June, and November for basic proteases and May, October, and November for amylase (P < 0.05). The observed variations suggest a varying capacity for digestion depending on the day and the year and could aid in the study of seasonal feeding protocols.
Growth, Mortality, and Biochemical Composition inOctopus vulgarisReared Under Different Conditions of Sex Ratio
Authors: Estefanell Juan , Roo Javier , Izquierdo Marisol , Socorro Juan , Guirao Rafael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOctopus vulgarisis a potential candidate to diversify marine aquaculture. Even though mortality under rearing conditions has been related to reproductive processes, the benefit of sex segregation remains unclear. In order to clarify this, wild octopuses (862 ± 101 g) were reared in floating cages under three proportions of male : female sex ratio: 1:1, 1:0, and 4:1 (n = 30 per treatment). The experimental period lasted 2 mo and octopuses were fed on bogue,Boops boops(aquaculture by‐product). Higher growth rates were observed in octopuses reared under 1:1 and 1:0 (1.8%/d) in comparison with those reared under 4:1 conditions (1.6%/d). Regarding sexes, a lower growth was detected in females reared under 4:1 (1.1%/d) in comparison with females (1.8%/d) and males (1.7–1.9%/d) reared under 1:1 conditions. Survival was 97, 97, and 90% in sex ratio 1:1, 1:0, and 4:1, respectively. Sexual maturity data showed that males were all mature, while most females were still maturing (60–84%) at the end of the rearing period. High lipid content in bogue (44% dw) did not reflect on octopus muscle. This tissue showed a similar biochemical composition irrespective of the sex ratio condition, with a high protein (87% dw), a low lipid (5% dw), and a high n‐3HUFAcontent (42%).
Utilization of Soluble Canola Protein Concentrate as an Attractant Enhances Production Performance of Sunshine Bass Fed Reduced Fish Meal, Plant‐Based Diets
Authors: Hill Heidi A. , Trushenski Jesse T. , Kohler Christopher C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSoluble canola protein concentrate (SCPC) is rich in glutamic acid and may act as a feed attractant to improve feed acceptance and production performance of fish fed plant‐based diets. In the first experiment, attractant properties of SCPC were evaluated by comparing production performance of sunshine bass, Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis, fed reduced fish meal (FM) diets supplemented with 1% SCPC or a betaine‐based feed attractant. In the second experiment, production performance of fish was compared after feeding reduced FM diets with or without SCPC. Following the first experiment, production performance was similar among fish fed attractants, but at 0% FM weight gain and survival were significantly lower compared to the 30% FM control treatment regardless of attractant inclusion. According to broken‐line analysis of data from the second experiment, the critical breakpoints in dietary FM inclusion rates needed to achieve maximal weight gain were similar regardless of SCPC. However, weight gain observed among fish fed SCPC was significantly greater than fish not fed SCPC. Including FM in plant‐based sunshine bass diets at rates >10–13% dry matter did not improve weight gain, and weight gain is optimized when a feed attractant/palatant such as SCPC is included in these plant‐based diets.
Improvement of Matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, Larviculture by Exposing Eggs to Triiodothyronine
Authors: Leonardo Antonio Fernando Gervásio , Hoshiba Márcio Aquio , Urbinati Elisabeth Criscuolo , Senhorini José Augusto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis work evaluated the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on larviculture of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus. Oocytes of three females were pooled, fertilized with pooled semen of two males and separated in four batches that were immersed in triiodothyronine solutions as follows: M1 (control – water); M2 (0.01 mg/L T3); M3 (0.05 mg/L T3); and M4 (0.1 mg/L T3). Triiodothyronine did not affect fertilization rate and number of hatched larvae. Weight of hatched larvae was significantly higher in treatments M3 and M4, as well as among larvae sampled at Day 12 in all treatments. After 12 d of rearing, biomass gain was higher in the hormone treatments (M1 688 ± 569 mg; M2 2436 ± 562 mg; M3 3572 ± 569 mg; and M4 4129 ± 770 mg). In general, coefficients of variation of weight (CVw) and length (CVl) did not differ among treatments and cannibalism was registered between 36 and 72 hours post‐hatching (h.p.h.) without differences among treatments. Larval survival increased in the hormone treatments (M1 26.5%; M2 37.6%; M3 40.6%; and M4 40.8%). The results indicate that the immersion of matrinxã eggs in triiodothyronine can promote beneficial effects to its larviculture and indicate promising perspectives for culture of this tropical species.
Color and Carotenoid Content Changes of Yellow Discolored Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Fillets during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Li Yilin , Bell Leonard N. , Liu Shaoyang , Wang Yifen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractYellow pigment deposition is a quality defect associated with channel catfish fillets. This study evaluated the relationship between fillet color and carotenoid contents as well as the effect of refrigerated storage on the color and carotenoid content of discolored catfish fillets. The color and carotenoid content of the yellow fillets were analyzed using the L, a, b‐color system and high performance liquid chromatography analysis, respectively. A strong linear relationship between visual yellowness (i.e., the b‐values) of fresh catfish fillets and the sum of three major carotenoid contents was observed. Yellow discolored catfish fillets became darker and more yellow during 12 d of refrigerated storage. However, the total carotenoid content of yellow fillets decreased or remained unchanged during storage. Results suggest that while the yellow discoloration of fresh catfish fillets is related to carotenoid contents, the intensification of the discoloration during storage appears to be related to another chemical phenomenon.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dynamics in the Biofloc Production of the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: da Silva Kassio Rios , Wasielesky Wilson , Abreu Paulo César 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA study evaluating nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics was carried out using biofloc technology (BFT) systems employed to raise Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. The study was carried out for 42 d in three fiberglass tanks with 210 L useful volume with no water exchange. Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, suspended solids, and chlorophyll‐a were monitored every 3 d. At the completion of the experiment, the shrimp had absorbed 39.1 and 35.0% of the total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs, respectively, while 39.0% of the N and 34.1% of the P remained in the system in dissolved forms. The dominant process of ammonium immobilization in the system was oxidation by nitrifying bacteria. On Day 42, the nitrate concentration represented more than 80% of the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen in all tanks. However, most of the dissolved nitrogen present in the tanks (80%) was organic. Phosphate and organic nitrogen and phosphorus continuously accumulated in the system throughout the experiment. The removal of these nutrients should be the focus of future studies because they may enhance the growth of harmful algae in tanks and in the water bodies that collect the post‐crop wastewater.
Dietary Esterified Astaxanthin Concentration Effect on Dermal Coloration and Chromatophore Physiology in Spinecheek Anemonefish, Premnas biaculeatus
Authors: Ho Adeljean L. F. C. , Orlando Bertran Nicole M. , Lin Junda 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAnemonefishes dominate the marine ornamental aquaculture production and coloration plays an important role in market price of the product. This study examined the effect of dietary esterified astaxanthin concentration and duration on skin coloration in spinecheek anemonefish, Premnas biaculeatus. The chromatophore physiology parameters examined were color, density, and diameter of carotenoid granules. Juveniles of 30 days post hatch (d.p.h.) were fed diets consisting of 23, 214, or 2350 ppm esterified astaxanthin for 115 d and the fish were sampled at 45, 120, and 145 d.p.h. Hue was significantly reduced with increasing time and astaxanthin concentration. Saturation fluctuated over time while luminosity was only affected by time. Carotenoid granule density was similar across the treatments: approximately 0.3 granules/µm2. Significant difference in carotenoid granule size was detected, with larger diameters at the higher astaxanthin treatment. Carotenoid granules showed significantly lower hues, higher saturation, and lower luminosity values for the higher astaxanthin concentration diets. This is indicative of higher concentration of carotenoids in the granules. Diets explicitly imparted different coloration in P. biaculeatus and the manifested color differences in the fish are result of increased carotenoid granule size and increased carotenoid concentration within granules. Astaxanthin concentration of 214 ppm imparts adequate coloration for high market value.
The integration of multiple independent data reveals an unusual response toPleistocene climatic changes in the hard tickIxodes ricinus
Authors: Porretta Daniele , Mastrantonio Valentina , Mona Stefano , Epis Sara , Montagna Matteo , Sassera Davide , Bandi Claudio , Urbanelli Sandra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the last few years, improved analytical tools and the integration of genetic data with multiple sources of information have shown that temperate species exhibited more complex responses to ice ages than previously thought. In this study, we investigated how Pleistocene climatic changes affected the current distribution and genetic diversity of European populations of the tickIxodes ricinus,an ectoparasite with high ecological plasticity. We first used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to investigate the phylogeographic structure of the species and itsPleistocene history using coalescent‐based methods; then we used species distribution modelling to infer the climatic niche of the species at last glacial maximum; finally, we reviewed the literature on theI. ricinushosts to identify the locations of their glacial refugia. Our results support the scenario that during the last glacial phase,I. ricinusnever experienced a prolonged allopatric divergence in separate glacial refugia, but persisted with interconnected populations acrossSouthern andCentralEurope. The generalist behaviour in host choice ofI. ricinuswould have played a major role in maintaining connections between its populations. Although most of the hosts persisted in separate refugia, from the point of view ofI. ricinus,they represented a continuity of ‘bridges’ among populations. Our study highlights the importance of species‐specific ecology in affecting responses toPleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles. Together with other cases in Europe and elsewhere, it contributes to setting new hypotheses on how species with wide ecological plasticity coped withPleistocene climatic changes.
Reproductive success depends on the quality of helpers in the endangered, cooperative El Oro parakeet (Pyrrhura orcesi)
Authors: Klauke Nadine , Segelbacher Gernot , Schaefer H. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn cooperative species, helping behaviour and reproductive success can be correlated, but understanding this correlation is often impaired by the difficulty to correctly infer causation. While helpers can incur costs by participating in brood care, it is yet unclear if their help depends on their individual quality. We address these questions in the previously unknown cooperative breeding system of the endangered El Oro parakeet (Pyrrhura orcesi). Specifically, we ask (i) whether breeders benefit directly from helpers by an enhanced reproductive success and if so, (ii) whether the amount of this potential benefit is regulated by the quality of contributing group members. Groups consist of a dominant breeding pair accompanied by helpers, but cooperation is not obligate. Microsatellite heterozygosity was used to assess individual quality; its suitability as indicator of quality was reflected in the positive relationship between offspring heterozygosity and recruitment into the population. The reproductive success of breeding pairs depended on helper (genetic) quality and the number of helpers. This relationship occurred on two different levels: clutch size and fledging success, indicating (i) that females profit from high‐quality helpers and probably adjust clutch size accordingly and (ii) that the helpers increase fledging success. Congruently, we found that offspring body condition is positively affected by helper quality, which is most probably explained by the increased feeding rates when helpers are present. We suggest a causal link between cooperation and reproductive success in this frugivorous, endangered parakeet. Further, helper (genetic) quality can be a relevant factor for determining reproductive fitness in cooperative species, particularly in small and bottlenecked populations.
Continuity and Reform in Vatican II's Teaching on Islam
Authors: D'Costa Gavin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHow credible is the Catholic Church's teaching on Islam in the light of some modern appreciations of Islam? Does the teaching about Islam at the Council, welcomed by so many, represent a discontinuity of magisterial doctrinal teaching? This paper argues that Pope Benedict's hermeneutic for the Council can be tested using this question. It is argued that the discontinuity at Vatican II lies at the level of historically contingent circumstances, with continuity at a doctrinal level. Hence, the Church retains credibility in looking at a new issue and developing a “new” response, discerning the signs of the times, without contradicting previously held doctrinal teachings.
‘Sacrament of the Dynamic Transcendence of Christianity’: Cornelius Ernst on the Church
Authors: Keenan Oliver James 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe new ontology of meaning proposed by Fr Cornelius Ernst OP as a means of articulating the Thomistic synthesis in the idiom of the modern era coheres around ecclesiology. Drawing upon the linguistic philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, Ernst sees meaning as the distinctively human praxis by which man ‘subdues’ and ‘transcends’ the world to which he belongs, thereby transposing it into the world that belongs to man. The Church, as the Body of Christ – who is personally the ontological meaning of history – is the distinctively Christian linguistic community of meaning, in which ultimate meaning – the ‘meaning of meaning’, i.e. God – is present in each successive era. Established in the illuminating event of Christ's incarnation, the Church is the sacramental institution that makes present Christ's re-integration of the plurality of human meanings, realising itself as a concrete community within the world, and realising the world authentically within itself. As the sacrament of the Trinitarian mediation of meaning, therefore, the Church is irreducibly both human institution and mystical communion, serving as the ontological a priori of faith, and thus the authentic locus of Christian theology.
A proteomic approach to identify proteins from Trichuris trichiura extract with immunomodulatory effects
Authors: Santos L. N. , Gallo M. B. C. , Silva E. S. , Figueiredo C. A. V. , Cooper P. J. , Barreto M. L. , Loureiro S. , Pontes‐de‐Carvalho L. C. , Alcantara‐Neves N. M. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryInfections with Trichuris trichiura and other trichurid nematodes have been reported to display protective effects against atopy, allergic and autoimmune diseases. The aims of the present study were to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of T. trichiura adult worm extract (TtE) and its fractions (TtEFs) on the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and to identify their proteinaceous components. Fourteen TtEFs were obtained by ion exchange chromatography and tested for effects on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The molecular constituents of the six most active fractions were evaluated using nano‐LC/mass spectrometry. The homology between T. trichiura and the related nematode Trichinella spiralis was used to identify 12 proteins in TtEFs. Among those identified, fructose biphosphate aldolase, a homologue of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and heat‐shock protein 70 may contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of TtEFs. The identification of such proteins could lead to the development of novel drugs for the therapy of allergic and other inflammatory diseases.
Influence of plant host species on intraspecific competition during infection by Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Mehl H. L. , Cotty P. J. 
Published: February 2013

Compositions of Aspergillus flavus populations determine the extent to which crops become contaminated with aflatoxins. In the current study, influences of diverse crop hosts on competition among A. flavus isolates were quantified with pyrosequencing. Maize, cotton, soyabean and sorghum supported different levels of sporulation, but intraspecific differences in sporulation were not detected on any host. However, hosts differentially influenced competition during infection, allowing greater sporulation by some isolates and increased host tissue invasion by others. Furthermore, competitive interactions during host invasion did not predict isolate success during sporulation. Isolates were similarly competitive on maize and sorghum, the two most closely related hosts. Host‐specific influences on intraspecific competition may dictate compositions of A. flavus populations and, as a result, the severity of aflatoxin contamination. Host factors should be considered when designing and implementing aflatoxin management strategies including biocontrol with atoxigenic strains.