bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy storage behaviors and synchronously electric modulations of photoluminescence in Er/Yb‐codoped Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.90Ti0.10O3 and AgNbO3 antiferroelectrics: A noncontact charge/discharge monitoring method
Authors: Yang Bingqing , Chen Xingyu , Xie Jiaxing , Huang Lijuan , Wu Xiao , Zhao Chunlin , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Lin Cong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntiferroelectric (AFE) Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.90Ti0.10O3 (PLZT) and AgNbO3 (AN) ceramics were fabricated codoped with 1 mol% Er and various contents of Yb3+ ions. The ceramics exhibit good energy storage performances and electric‐field‐controlled photoluminescence (E‐PL) intensity modulations, both of which are attributed to the reversible AFE‐ferroelectric phase transition that accompanies a structural evolution. Accordingly, a noncontact energy charge/discharge monitor is proposed based on the E‐PL effect, which is convenient and safe for the high‐energy density capacitors. Besides, the PLZT and AN ceramics exhibit opposite E‐PL behaviors that are caused due to different crystal space group transitions.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of Al2O3‐C refractory: Carbonized coconut shell as a substitution for graphite
Authors: Tian Xuekun , Zhao Zhenyi , Liu Xusheng , Ma Chengliang , Liu Lei , Liu Xinhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAt present, graphite is commonly used as the carbon source in Al2O3‐C refractory. However, graphite resources are limited and belong to the category of nonrenewable resources. Coconut shell is a biomass material with low cost, low impurity, and high reactivity, and also belongs to renewable resources. Therefore, the research for using coconut shell carbon as a substitution for graphite in Al2O3‐C refractory has great significance. In this work, the coconut shell was firstly carbonized at 200–1000°C in flowing argon, and the microstructure of the carbonized coconut shells was investigated. Then the carbonized coconut shell powder was introduced into Al2O3‐C refractory instead of graphite, and the effect of carbonized coconut shell on mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of materials was investigated. The results show that the carbonized coconut shell has porous structures, composed of amorphous carbon and disordered micro‐graphite with many defects, endowing its high reactivity. Compared with graphite, the carbonized coconut shell promotes the Si and Al to in situ formation of nonoxide ceramic whiskers (SiC, Al4C3, and AlN), which play a strengthening and toughening role in the materials. When graphite is replaced by 1 wt% carbonized coconut shell, the residual strength ratio of samples increased from 81.8% to 90.2%, and that of the hot modulus of rupture increased from 17.53 MPa to 18.47 MPa.
Responses of Leaf Expansion, Plant Transpiration and Leaf Senescence of Different Soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) Genotypes to Soil Water Deficit
Authors: Kang Lin , Debaeke Philippe , Schoving Céline , Maury Pierre 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe responses of eco‐physiological processes such as leaf expansion, plant transpiration and senescence to soil water deficit have been reported to be genotype‐dependent in different crops. To study such responses in soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.), a 2‐year (2017 and 2021) outdoor pot experiment was carried out on the Heliaphen automated phenotyping platform at INRAE in Toulouse (France). Six soybean cultivars (Sultana‐MG 000, ES Pallador‐MG I, Isidor‐MG I, Santana‐MG I/II, Blancas‐MG II and Ecudor‐MG II) belonging to four maturity groups (MG) commonly grown in Europe were subjected to progressive soil water deficit from the reproductive stage R1 for 17 and 23 days in 2017 and 2021, respectively. The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) was used as an indicator of soil water deficit. Non‐linear regression was used to calculate FTSWt, that is, the FTSW threshold for which the rate of the eco‐physiological process in stressed plants starts to diverge from a reference value. According to FTSWt, the three eco‐physiological processes showed significant differences in sensitivity to water deficit: leaf expansion exhibits the highest sensitivity and the widest range (FTSWt: 0.44–0.93), followed by plant transpiration (FTSWt: 0.17–0.56), with leaf senescence showing the narrowest range (FTSWt: 0.05–0.16). Among six cultivars, regarding leaf expansion, Cvs Santana (FTSWt = 0.48 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.44 in 2021), Blancas (FTSWt = 0.51 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.48 in 2021) and Ecudor (FTSWt = 0.46 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.52 in 2021) in late MGs (I/II to II) exhibited higher tolerance to soil drying. Conversely, the cv. Sultana in the earliest MG (000) showed the highest sensitivity (FTSWt = 0.91 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.93 in 2021) to water deficit. However, concerning the FTSWt values for plant transpiration (0.17–0.56 in 2017; 0.19–0.31 in 2021) and senescence (0.05–0.16 in 2017; 0.06–0.16 in 2021), their range did not demonstrate a correlated trend with the MG. In addition, a negative linear correlation was observed between values of FTSWt of normalised leaf expansion at the whole‐plant level (NLE) and specific leaf area (SLA) measured on irrigated plants for both years. This suggests that genotypes with high values of SLA could be associated with higher tolerance of leaf expansion to soil water deficit. Such a non‐destructive phenotyping method under outdoor conditions could bring new information to variety testing process and provide paths for integrating genotypic variability into crop growth models used for simulating soybean eco‐physiological responses to water deficit across the plant, field and even regional scales.
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Resistance to Salt Stress in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) During the Post‐Germination Growth Period
Authors: Hu Yunan , Luan Tian , Wang Xiangjun , Luan Zhihui , Hu Yongjun , Li Mingxia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDue to increasingly serious soil salinisation, exploring high‐quality closely related wild species is an effective means to solve food security problems. In this study, based on comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of the types, quantities, metabolic pathways and gene expression of small molecule metabolites in cotyledons and embryo axis/root, we report the strategies used by barren‐tolerant wild soybean (GS2) to resist salt stress during the post‐germination period. Our results showed that salt tolerance in GS2 cotyledons mainly involves the enhanced mobilisation of reserves, including lipid and sugar breakdown and utilisation, as well as protein breakdown and, in particular, the transport of amino acids to the embryo axis/root. Moreover, antioxidant capacity is enhanced through the promotion of ascorbic acid and naringin synthesis. We also found that under salt stress, the GS2 embryo axis/root accumulates proline by promoting the ornithine biosynthetic pathway, while stimulating glutathione metabolism to eliminate excess reactive oxygen species and restore oxidative balance. In addition, to establish and elongate the embryo axis/root, lignin synthesis is enhanced by the promotion of the shikimic acid pathway, which compensates for the decrease in cell wall support caused by salt stress. This study lays the foundation for developing and utilising high‐quality wild plant resources.
Novel liquid–phase flash sintering of lead zirconate titanate piezo‐ceramics
Authors: Arya Kumar Sadanand , Singh Ram Prakash , Chakrabarti Tamoghna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLead‐based piezo‐ceramics like lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are a mainstay for many piezoelectric applications. However, lead oxide (PbO) evaporation during sintering poses a significant environmental challenge. Flash sintering (FS) is a novel technique that can densify ceramics in seconds and at a much lower furnace temperature. The liquid‐phase FS (LPFS) of PZT (Pb (Zr0.5Ti0.5) O3, with 3 wt.% Cu2O and PbO in the molar ratio of 1:4) is investigated in this work. Further, a comparison has been made among the lead loss, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of flash‐sintered and conventionally liquid‐phase‐sintered PZT. It has been observed that the evaporation of PbO has been brought down 3–5 times by FS. The dielectric constant of LPFS PZT is significantly higher, especially at higher frequencies with lower dielectric loss. An enhanced piezoelectric coefficient in flash‐sintered PZT has also been observed. The LPFS of PZT shows that the lead loss can be brought down significantly with the added benefit of enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties. XRD and Rietveld analysis show an increase in tetragonality after FS in comparison with conventional sintering. XPS and ESR studies show a difference in defect concentration after FS in comparison with conventional sintering that is likely responsible for the enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties.
Designing eco‐friendly alternative microstructures for magnesia‐chromium aggregates
Authors: Borges Otávio Henrique , Coury Francisco Gil , Brachhold Nora , Aneziris Christos George , Pandolfelli Victor Carlos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn the rising demand for eco‐friendly refractories, reducing the use of likely toxic magnesia‐chromium aggregates remains a challenge. Previous studies by some of the authors have proposed Cr‐free alternative compositions, although the morphology of the spinel precipitates has varied across the different suggested systems. The mechanisms involved in the formation of these distinct morphologies were unclear and, therefore, are the focus of this work. In all compositions, SEM/electron backscatter diffraction revealed cube–cube orientation relationships between matrix and precipitates, indicating that their formation is influenced by the lattice parameter misfit (δ), which was measured using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. It could be concluded that coarser and spherical precipitates form to minimize their surface‐to‐volume ratio in compositions with high absolute δ‐values. Conversely, low‐misfit systems enable the spinel to form a 3D‐network. The potential use of this knowledge to tailor the microstructure of novel compositions was demonstrated by a small Nb2O5 addition into one of the proposed compositions.
Region‐function‐matching design for YSZ‐based thermal barrier coatings enables long thermal cyclic lifespan
Authors: Su Xue‐Rong , Zhang Chun‐Qiao , Huang Liang‐Yang , Li Guang‐Rong , Yang Guan‐Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThermal barrier coatings (TBCs) require both a porous structure to effectively prevent heat flux and a considerably dense structure to resist cracking for long‐term protection. These opposite requirements are difficult to achieve in conventional TBCs, which often exhibit uniform structures across their thickness. In fact, the main requirements of a coating vary with thickness owing to differential service conditions. In this study, the structure of a TBC is locally tailored to meet regional performance requirements. First, the load‐bearing conditions across the thickness are investigated in a simulation study. Resulting from multiple causes, the bottom region must bear a larger stress than the top region, which is directly exposed to heat flux. Therefore, the structure should be crack‐resistant in its bottom region and thermally insulating in its top region. Second, region‐function‐matching TBCs were prepared, and their performances were evaluated through isothermal cycling and thermal exposure tests. Results show that the TBCs with matching design exhibited double the lifespan of the conventional samples, whereas the thermal insulation was comparable. Finally, the structural evolutions were examined in different regions to analyze the failure behaviors of the TBCs. Healing of the intrinsic two‐dimensional pores and formation of the new large pores mainly account for the changes in thermal and mechanical properties of the TBCs. Overall, this region‐function‐matching design is expected to balance the tradeoff between high thermal insulation and long lifespan.
The impact of graphene on the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of an Mg–Ca alloy
Authors: Huang Song‐Jeng , Wang Chih‐Feng , Subramani Murugan , Selvaraju Sivakumar , Rajagopal Veeramanikandan , Chiang Chao‐Ching , Fan Fang‐Fu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis investigation explores the impact of incorporating graphene (Gr) reinforcement on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of a composite derived from a magnesium–calcium (Mg–Ca) alloy. Two concentrations of Gr (0.1% and 0.2%) were introduced to an Mg–Ca alloy. The addition of 0.1% Gr resulted in a refined grain structure, enhancing both tensile and compression strength. However, electrochemical analysis and immersion testing revealed an increase in corrosion rate () with the incorporation of Gr. Although the corrosion rate of the Mg–Ca‐0.1%Gr composite was comparable to that of Mg–Ca, the Mg–Ca–0.2%Gr exhibited higher corrosion rates attributed to the enhancement of micro‐galvanic corrosion. Interestingly, cell survival rate tests demonstrated improved biocompatibility for the Mg–Ca–0.1%Gr sample, emphasizing its potential for applications in the biomedical domain, which requires enhanced mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
Nurses' burnout and patient safety culture: The moderating effect of structural empowerment
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Dong Ziyan , Xie Wen , Yang Liuqing , Zhou Ying , Li Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo identify correlations among job burnout, structural empowerment, and patient safety culture (PSC), and to explore the potential moderating effect of structural empowerment on the associations between burnout and PSC.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsConvenient sampling was employed. We conducted an anonymous online survey in January 2024 among nurses employed at hospitals in three regions of China. Job burnout, structural empowerment, and perceptions of PSC were assessed. A total of 1026 useable surveys were included in the analyses. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS software. A latent structural equation modeling approach using Mplus software was used to analyze the moderating effect.ResultsThe proposed hypothetical model was supported. Job burnout had a strong direct negative effect on structural empowerment and PSC. Structural empowerment had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job burnout and PSC.ConclusionThe empirically validated moderation model and study results suggest that managers of healthcare organisations can improve patient safety and care quality by fostering empowerment and providing sufficient support to clinical nurses.ImplicationThe findings of this study suggest that providing more support, resources, and information is likely to be effective in weakening the detrimental impact of job burnout on PSC. This study provides insights into the possible approaches that may improve patient safety. To control the impact of nurses' burnout on care quality, nurse managers should increase empowerment as well as staff nurse engagement.Reporting MethodWe have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and conducted an observational study, following the STROBE checklist.Public ContributionDuring the data collection phase of this study, clinical caregivers participated in completing the online survey.
Gubi decoction mitigates knee osteoarthritis via promoting chondrocyte autophagy through METTL3‐mediated ATG7 m6A methylation
Authors: Cui Longkang , Shen Gaobo , Yu Yang , Yan Zheng , Zeng Hanbing , Ye Xiaoang , Xu Kuangying , Zhu Chaojin , Li Yanan , Shen Zhe , Zhang Bingbing , Wu Lianguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic joint disease that significantly affects the health of the elderly. As an herbal remedy, Gubi decoction (GBD) has been traditionally used for the treatment of osteoarthritis‐related syndromes. However, the anti‐KOA efficacy and mechanism of GBD remain unclear. This study aimed to experimentally investigate the anti‐KOA efficacy and the underlying mechanism of GBD. The medial meniscus (DMM) mice model and IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes were, respectively, constructed as in vivo and in vitro models of KOA to evaluate the osteoprotective effect and molecular mechanism of GBD. The UPLC–MS/MS analysis showed that GBD mainly contained pinoresinol diglucoside, rehmannioside D, hesperidin, liquiritin, baohuoside I, glycyrrhizic acid, kaempferol and tangeretin. Animal experiment showed that GBD could alleviate articular cartilage destruction and recover histopathological alterations in DMM mice. In addition, GBD inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis and restored DMM‐induced dysregulated autophagy evidenced by the upregulation of ATG7 and LC3 II/LC3 I but decreased P62 level. Mechanistically, METTL3‐mediated m6A modification decreased the expression of ATG7 in DMM mice, as it could be significantly attenuated by GBD. METTL3 overexpression significantly counteracted the protective effect of GBD on chondrocyte autophagy. Further research showed that GBD promoted proteasome‐mediated ubiquitination degradation of METLL3. Our findings suggest that GBD could act as a protective agent against KOA. The protective effect of GBD may result from its promotion on chondrocyte autophagy by suppressing METTL3‐dependent ATG7 m6A methylation.
Haptoglobin phenotype and levels in type 2 diabetes and effects of fenofibrate
Authors: Januszewski Andrzej S. , Young Hayden K. , Ong Kwok‐Leung , Li Liping , O’Connell Rachel L. , Lyons Timothy J. , Kelly Clare , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Sullivan David R. , Scott Russell S. , Keech Anthony C. , Jenkins Alicia J. ,   the FIELD Study Investigators
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAims/HypothesisIn diabetes haptoglobin (Hp) 2 vs Hp 1 allelic product is associated with cardiac and renal complications. Few studies report both Hp phenotype and Hp levels. In a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial substudy we evaluated the Hp phenotype, Hp levels, and fenofibrate effects.Materials and MethodsIn 480 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) the Hp phenotype was assessed and the Hp level quantified (both using ELISAs assays) in plasma from baseline, after 6 weeks of fenofibrate, and (in n = 200) at 2 years post‐randomization to fenofibrate or placebo.ResultsThe Hp phenotypes 1‐1, 2‐1, and 2‐2 frequencies were 15%, 49%, and 36%, respectively. Baseline Hp levels differed by phenotype (P < 0.0001) and decreased (median 21%) after 6 weeks fenofibrate in all phenotypes (adjusted mean (95% CI): −0.27 (−0.32, −0.23) mg/mL in Hp 1‐1, −0.29 (−0.31, −0.27) mg/mL in Hp 2‐1 and −0.05 (−0.07, −0.02) mg/mL in Hp 2‐2 (P = 0.005 and P = 0.055 vs Hp 1‐1 and Hp 2‐1, respectively)). At 2 years post‐randomization the Hp levels in the placebo group had returned to baseline, whilst the fenofibrate‐group levels remained similar to the 6 week levels.ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetes, Hp levels differ by Hp phenotype and are decreased by fenofibrate in all phenotypes, but the effect is diminished in Hp 2‐2.
The rise and fall of community development in rural Turkey, 1960–1980
Authors: Gürel Burak , Selamet Kadir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTurkey's Community Development Program (CDP), implemented in the 1960s and 1970s, has remained a largely underexplored subject in the global history of rural community development schemes. Based on detailed archival research, this article shows that the programme's central goal was to mobilize the labour and financial resources of the villagers to carry out rapid infrastructure construction. Turkish policymakers hoped that such mobilization could help achieve a high level of rural development far beyond what could be achieved by relying solely on government spending and might also allow the allocation of more resources to urban industrialization. Despite its initial promise, the CDP was unable to effectively mobilize the countryside due to a combination of structural, political, and bureaucratic challenges, including unequal land distribution, intense electoral competition, and inadequate administrative coordination. However, the CDP was not entirely inconsequential. It played a modest role in the commercialization and capitalist transformation of Turkish agriculture.
Habits and externalities
Authors: Caplan Arthur J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe develop a conceptual model characterizing two types of individuals: one myopic and the other hyperopic. A myopic individual ignores his private contributions to both a social and private negative externality, as well as the effect that his accumulation of stuff (i.e., the stock of consumption goods) has on his habit parameter. A hyperopic individual internalizes both externalities as well as his habit‐formation effect. We find that the hyperopic individual consumes a greater amount of a clean good and a lesser amount of a dirty good, with the magnitude of the latter difference being greater than the magnitude of the former. Consequently, the hyperopic individual's cumulative consumption of the two goods is lower. The hyperopic individual's lower cumulative consumption also contributes to a less‐persistent consumption habit. Further, we explore the extent to which the allocation of consumption across the clean and dirty goods made by an astigmatic individual (an intermediate type of individual who internalizes the private externality, as well as the habit‐formation effect) diverges from the myopic individual's allocation. We consider the implications of our findings for traditional environmental tax policy as it applies to myopic and astigmatic individuals. Conceptually, we find that Pigovian tax rates in the presence of habit formation diverge from corresponding standard rates that ignore habit formation based on the difference between the magnitudes of the cumulative marginal benefit associated with habit formation and the marginal cost associated with the accumulation of stuff. Results from a simple numerical analysis demonstrate these conceptual results and more.
Simple sequence repeat genotyping of Colletotrichum species associated with soybean anthracnose in Uttarakhand and other states of India
Authors: Bhatt Pooja , Singh Krishna Pratap , Therthala Aravind , Surbhi Kumari , Rakhonde Gaurav , Jeena Himani 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnthracnose is one of the most devastating diseases affecting soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) in India and is incited by the Colletotrichum truncatum species complex. In this study, 33 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were collected from major soybean‐growing states of India. The cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics (Internal Transcribed Spacer rDNA region) of all isolates were demonstrated. Twelve simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were selected to amplify the genomic DNA of all isolates, to assess the genetic diversity. On the basis of morpho‐cultural and molecular characterization of three different Colletotrichum species, C. truncatum, C. cliviicola and C. cholorophyti were identified. Representative Colletotrichum isolates (Ct‐Pant, Ct‐Gur and Ct‐Gag) from each species group were found pathogenic to susceptible soybean variety (PS 1092) and fulfilled Koch's postulates. The SSR genotyping of 33 isolates revealed that all examined SSR markers exhibited a high degree of polymorphism, as indicated by the mean values of 0.51 for polymorphic information content, 1.97 for marker index and 1.99 for resolving power. For each primer, the average number of alleles per locus was 3.58. The results of Jaccard similarity coefficient‐based UPGMA (Un‐weighted Pair‐Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that isolates of the same species were clustered together, but no clear‐cut grouping was obtained on the basis of geographical distribution. Thus, it can be inferred from the study that C. truncatum accessions obtained from various geographical locations of India exhibit substantial genetic variation and a significant level of relatedness.