bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Dermatology Outpatients
Authors: AlGhamdi Khalid M. , Khurrum Huma , Al-Natour Sahar H. , Alghamdi Waleed , Mubki Thamer , Alzolibani Abdulatif , Hafez Dhafer Mohammed Y. , AlDraibi Mohammed 
Published: April 2015

Background: Little is known about the prevalence and practice of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among dermatology patients in the Arab world. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge and attitudes about CAM, prevalence of its use, reasons for its use, and types of CAM used in dermatology patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a national survey of various regions of Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, dermatology outpatients were interviewed using a questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, acceptability, utilization pattern, and reasons for CAM use were elicited. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) was obtained. Results: Overall, 1901 patients returned complete questionnaires out of 2500 distributed (76% response rate). Of these, 808 (40%) were CAM users, and the majority were woman (55.1%), with a mean age of 31.6 ± 12 years. Most were literate (71.2%) and just over half were married (51.9%). Patients with acute skin diseases were found to be more likely to use CAM ( P = .027). The mean DLQI score was higher (worse quality of life) among CAM users than among nonusers ( P = .002). The results showed that 315 of 801 (40%) and 250 of 601 (30%) CAM users agreed that CAM methods are safer and more effective than modern medicine, respectively, and 83% will continue to use CAM in future. The most commonly used CAM modalities were vitamins, prayers, natural products, and herbs. Responses indicated that 379 of 803 (47.2%) CAM users did not consult their doctor before using CAM, and 219 of 743 (30%) did not obtain sufficient answers regarding CAM use from their dermatologists. Conclusions: There is a significant use of CAM among dermatology outpatients in Saudi Arabia. In view of the common belief that CAM has fewer side effects than conventional medicine, dermatologists need to increase their awareness of CAM.
Multi-agency action learning: Challenging institutional barriers in policing and mental health services
Authors: Noga Heather , Foreman Alison , Walsh Elizabeth , Shaw Jenny , Senior Jane 
Published: April 2015

The police have underdeveloped links with mental health and social care services despite daily contact with mentally ill individuals. They struggle with identifying and managing the mentally ill in custody, and consistently express a lack of support from partner agencies. In 2010, our research team developed a mental health screening tool and pathway for use by police custody officers, The Police Mental Health Screening Questionnaire (PolQuest). However, due to the large number of agencies with different organisational goals and responsibilities that deal with mentally disordered offenders, the introduction of a screening tool alone was considered insufficient. Thus, an action learning group comprising key professionals from relevant services in one geographical area was tasked with developing a manual and training materials to support the implementation of PolQuest by frontline staff. This paper reflects upon the key themes that emerged from the experience of action learning as a method for engaging multi-agency staff, operating under different occupational goals and cultures, to develop shared practice-oriented outcomes. Data analysed include the facilitator’s reflective notes, meeting minutes and emails. The action learning process was considered a useful method for engaging multi-agency stakeholders in developing materials to support PolQuest’s implementation in vivo.
Institutional statements of commitment and widening participation policy in Australia
Authors: Chapman Amy , Mangion Antoine , Buchanan Rachel 
Published: April 2015

This article describes ways in which the equity agenda, as outlined in the Bradley Review of Higher Education (Bradley et al., 2008), is translated into action in one Australian university. Drawing on the conceptual work of Ahmed (2012) to elaborate institutional life, we investigate the effects of the widening participation policy. Ahmed (2012) provokes us to consider institutional commitment as a non-performative in order to examine the association between names and effects as central to institutional cultures. This is achieved through a focus not only on what documents circulating within institutions say but what they do from the perspective of those working with them. The paper draws on three statements of commitment made by various Australian universities in the form of publicly available mission statements and strategic plans to explore how universities value, construct and authenticate their role in widening participation. It then proceeds by supplementing these texts with qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews with academic and professional staff in one Australian university to examine how such statements of commitment inform us of the extent to which they are practised or utilised as demonstrations of action in and of themselves. Drawing on Rizvi and Lingard’s (2011) work on social equity in Australian higher education, we argue that statements of commitment to equity and widening participation from universities in the current neoliberal policy assemblage can function to mask the ways in which universities continue to redefine educational values in terms of economics (Rizvi and Lingard, 2011).
Radiotherapy of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Zaffino P. , Ciardo D. , Piperno G. , Travaini L. L. , Comi S. , Ferrari A. , Alterio D. , Jereczek-Fossa B. A. , Orecchia R. , Baroni G. , Spadea M. F. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose: To improve the contouring of clinical target volume for the radiotherapy of neck Hodgkin/non-Hodgkin lymphoma by localizing the prechemotherapy gross target volume onto the simulation computed tomography using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Material and Methods: The gross target volume delineated on prechemotherapy [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography images was warped onto simulation computed tomography using deformable image registration. Fifteen patients with neck Hodgkin/non-Hodgkin lymphoma were analyzed. Quality of image registration was measured by computing the Dice similarity coefficient on warped organs at risk. Five radiation oncologists visually scored the localization of automatic gross target volume, ranking it from 1 (wrong) to 5 (excellent). Deformable registration was compared to rigid registration by computing the overlap index between the automatic gross target volume and the planned clinical target volume and quantifying the V95 coverage. Results: The Dice similarity coefficient was 0.80 ± 0.07 (median ± quartiles). The physicians’ survey had a median score equal to 4 (good). By comparing the rigid versus deformable registration, the overlap index increased from a factor of about 4 and the V95 (percentage of volume receiving the 95% of the prescribed dose) went from 0.84 ± 0.38 to 0.99 ± 0.10 (median ± quartiles). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the impact of using deformable registration between prechemotherapy [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and simulation computed tomography, in order to automatically localize the gross target volume for radiotherapy treatment of patients with Hodgkin/non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Renal artery stenting may not be appropriate for patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
Authors: Dua Anahita , Desai Sachin , Upchurch Gilbert R , Desai Sapan S 
Published: April 2015

Introduction This study compared aortorenal bypass to renal artery stenting to determine the most efficacious and financially sound method for treating patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS). Methods A decision analysis using direct and indirect costs, and value of statistical life (VSL) was completed. Direct costs were obtained using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), indirect costs from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and VSL from the Department of Transportation. A variance-based sensitivity analysis was completed to assess the accuracy of the decision analysis. Results Aortorenal bypass has a 95% five-year patency, a 98% 30-day survival, a 26% rate of overall complications, and a 70% five-year dialysis-free survival. Renal artery stenting has a 56% five-year patency, a 99% 30-day survival, a 40% rate of complications, and a 65% five-year dialysis-free survival. Renal artery stenting has an overall cost of $305,370 and aortorenal bypass has an overall cost of $103,453 per patient. After accounting for VSL, renal artery stenting has a negative value of −$182,270 and aortorenal bypass has a value of $415,881. Conclusions Lower five-year patency and higher rate of complications from renal artery stenting that ultimately lead to significantly lower five-year dialysis-free survival.
Acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistance phenotypes in critically ill medical patients: role of colonization pressure and antibiotic exposure
Authors: Cobos-Trigueros Nazaret , Solé Mar , Castro Pedro , Torres Jorge Luis , Hernández Cristina , Rinaudo Mariano , Fernández Sara , Soriano Álex , Nicolás José María , Mensa Josep , Vila Jordi , Martínez José Antonio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this work was to investigate the risk factors for the acquisition ofPseudomonas aeruginosaand its resistance phenotypes in critically ill patients, taking into account colonization pressure.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in an 8-bed medical intensive care unit during a 35-month period. Nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs and respiratory secretions were obtained within 48 hours of admission and thrice weekly thereafter. During the study, a policy of consecutive mixing and cycling periods of three classes of antipseudomonal antibiotics was followed in the unit.ResultsOf 850 patients admitted for ≥3 days, 751 (88.3%) received an antibiotic, 562 of which (66.1%) were antipseudomonal antibiotics. A total of 68 patients (8%) carriedP. aeruginosaupon admission, and among the remaining 782, 104 (13%) acquired at least one strain ofP. aeruginosaduring their stay. Multivariate analysis selected shock (odds ratio (OR) =2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2 to 3.7), intubation (OR =3.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 7.5), enteral nutrition (OR =3.6; 95% CI, 1.8 to 7.6), parenteral nutrition (OR =3.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 9.6), tracheostomy (OR =4.4; 95% CI, 2.3 to 8.3) and colonization pressure >0.43 (OR =4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5) as independently associated with the acquisition ofP. aeruginosa, whereas exposure to fluoroquinolones for >3 days (OR =0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.8) was protective. In the whole series, prior exposure to carbapenems was independently associated with carbapenem resistance, and prior amikacin use predicted piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolone and multiple-drug resistance.ConclusionsIn critical care settings with a high rate of antibiotic use, colonization pressure and non-antibiotic exposures may be the crucial factors forP. aeruginosaacquisition, whereas fluoroquinolones may actually decrease its likelihood. For the acquisition of strains resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones and multiple drugs, exposure to amikacin may be more relevant than previously recognized.
Extracting research-quality phenotypes from electronic health records to support precision medicine
Authors: Wei Wei-Qi , Denny Joshua C 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe convergence of two rapidly developing technologies - high-throughput genotyping and electronic health records (EHRs) - gives scientists an unprecedented opportunity to utilize routine healthcare data to accelerate genomic discovery. Institutions and healthcare systems have been building EHR-linked DNA biobanks to enable such a vision. However, the precise extraction of detailed disease and drug-response phenotype information hidden in EHRs is not an easy task. EHR-based studies have successfully replicated known associations, made new discoveries for diseases and drug response traits, rapidly contributed cases and controls to large meta-analyses, and demonstrated the potential of EHRs for broad-based phenome-wide association studies. In this review, we summarize the advantages and challenges of repurposing EHR data for genetic research. We also highlight recent notable studies and novel approaches to provide an overview of advanced EHR-based phenotyping.
Evidence-Based Diagnostic Algorithm for Glioma: Analysis of the Results of Pathology Panel Review and Molecular Parameters of EORTC 26951 and 26882 Trials
Authors: Kros Johan M. , Huizer Karin , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Marucci Gianluca , Michotte Alex , Pollo Bianca , Rushing Elisabeth J. , Ribalta Teresa , French Pim , Jaminé David , Bekka Nawal , Lacombe Denis , van den Bent Martin J. , Gorlia Thierry 
Published: April 2015

Purpose With the rapid discovery of prognostic and predictive molecular parameters for glioma, the status of histopathology in the diagnostic process should be scrutinized. Our project aimed to construct a diagnostic algorithm for gliomas based on molecular and histologic parameters with independent prognostic values. Methods The pathology slides of 636 patients with gliomas who had been included in EORTC 26951 and 26882 trials were reviewed using virtual microscopy by a panel of six neuropathologists who independently scored 18 histologic features and provided an overall diagnosis. The molecular data for IDH1, 1p/19q loss, EGFR amplification, loss of chromosome 10 and chromosome arm 10q, gain of chromosome 7, and hypermethylation of the promoter of MGMT were available for some of the cases. The slides were divided in discovery (n = 426) and validation sets (n = 210). The diagnostic algorithm resulting from analysis of the discovery set was validated in the latter. Results In 66% of cases, consensus of overall diagnosis was present. A diagnostic algorithm consisting of two molecular markers and one consensus histologic feature was created by conditional inference tree analysis. The order of prognostic significance was: 1p/19q loss, EGFR amplification, and astrocytic morphology, which resulted in the identification of four diagnostic nodes. Validation of the nodes in the validation set confirmed the prognostic value (P < .001). Conclusion We succeeded in the creation of a timely diagnostic algorithm for anaplastic glioma based on multivariable analysis of consensus histopathology and molecular parameters.
High performance leadership in unusually challenging educational circumstances
Authors: Hargreaves Andy , Harris Alma 
Published: April 2015

This paper draws on findings from the results of a study of leadership in high performing organizations in three sectors. Organizations were sampled and included on the basis of high performance in relation to no performance, past performance, performance among similar peers and performance in the face of limited resources or challenging circumstances. The paper concentrates on leadership in four schools that met the sample criteria. It draws connections to explanations of the high performance ofEstoniaon the OECD PISA tests of educational achievement. The article argues that leadership in these four schools that performed above expectations comprised more than a set of competencies. Instead, leadership took the form of a narrative or quest that pursued an inspiring dream with relentless determination; took improvement pathways that were more innovative than comparable peers; built collaboration and community including with competing schools; and connected short-term success to long-term sustainability.
Novice teachers’ workplace experiences of collegiate support
Authors: Remmik Marvi , Lepp Liina , Koni Ingrid 
Published: April 2015

Esimestel tööaastatel peavad algajad õpetajad toime tulema erinevate olukordadega, sest sel ajal arenevad õpetamisoskused, saadakse õpetajate kogukonna liikmeks ning kujuneb õpetaja identiteet. Uurimused on näidanud, et algajad õpetajad vajavad ametisse sisseelamisel toetust, mistõttu on loodud ka mitmesuguseid tugisüsteeme. Samas on vähe tähelepanu pööratud sellele, kuidas kohanevad algajad õpetajad koolikeskkonnaga, millisena tajutakse erinevaid koolikollektiivi liikmeid enda toetajana ning mida ootavad algajad õpetajad koolikeskkonnalt kui tervikult, et õpetajatöösse paremini sisse elada. Artikli eesmärk on analüüsida algajate õpetajate kirjeldusi kohanemisest koolikeskkonnaga ja institutsiooni erinevate liikmete rolli selles. Andmete kogumiseks salvestati täies mahus ühe aasta vältel toimunud kutseaasta seminarid. Seminaridel osales 13 algajat õpetajat. Tulemused näitasid, et algajate õpetajate kogemused kooliga kohanemisel olid erinevad. Eduka kohanemise eeldusena nimetati kolleegide toetavat hoiakut ja algajate õpetajate püüdlusi igas olukorras hakkama saada. Kõige sagedasemaks koolikeskkonnaga mittekohanemise põhjuseks peeti algajate õpetajate ja institutsiooni liikmete erinevusi väärtushinnangutes. Koolijuhi osa algaja õpetaja toetajana hinnati väheoluliseks, kuna algajatel õpetajatel tööalased kokkupuuted koolijuhiga peaaegu puudusid.
Summary
The effectiveness of content and language integrated learning at Russian speaking schools: school leaders’ views and strategies
Authors: Kitsnik Mare , Metslang Helena 
Published: April 2015

Aastatel 2007–2012 läksid vene õppekeelega koolid üle kohustuslikule eestikeelsele aineõppele. Alates 2011. aastast õpivad kõik 10. klassi astuvad noored gümnaasiumis kohustuslikult 60% aineid eesti keeles, sh riikliku õppekavaga määratud viit ainet. Koolijuhid näevad eestikeelse aineõppe kasu õpilastele ning arendavad muudatuste elluviimise raskusest hoolimata programmi edasi. Artiklis käsitleme juhtide hinnanguid eestikeelset aineõpet mõjutavatele teguritele ning nende strateegiaid eestikeelse aineõppe arendamisel. Toetudes uuringule "Kakskeelne õpe vene õppekeelega koolis" (Metslang et al., 2013), kirjeldame direktorite ja õppejuhatajate peamisi muresid, mis on seotud eestikeelse ainekava rakendamisega muudatuse algusetapil. Kasutame selleks 2012. aasta sügisel kuues koolis korraldatud 12 juhiintervjuu tulemusi. Võrdleme neid 77 tunnivaatluse käigus ning õpilaste ja õpetajate anketeerimise ja fookusrühma intervjuude teel kogutud andmetega. Uuringust selgus, et olulisteks probleemideks on sobivate õpetajate leidmine, gümnaasiumiastujate vähene eesti keele oskus ja keeleõppe motivatsioon ning õpilaste kesised õpioskused. Vaatleme, kas juhid rakendavad strateegiaid nende probleemide lahendamiseks. Artiklis tõuseb esile vajadus suurendada direktorite ja õppejuhatajate teadmisi kakskeelse haridusprogrammi juhtimisest. Kuna õppeprogrammi järgi algab kohustuslik teiskeelne õpe alles gümnaasiumiastmes, on Eesti mudel maailma kakskeelse hariduse kontekstis haruldane. Levinud mudelite puhul alustavad õpilased teiskeelset õpet nooremas eas: alates lasteaiast, algkoolist või põhikoolist. Artiklis analüüsime Eesti mudeli tulemuslikkust eri programmikomponentide mõju uurimise kaudu.
Summary
Emergency Department and Inpatient Hospitalizations for Young People With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: McDermott Suzanne , Hardin James W , Royer Julie A , Mann Joshua R , Tong Xin , Ozturk Orgul D , Ouyang Lijing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe compared hospital encounters between adolescents and young adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) to peers with intellectual disability (ID) from other causes, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and a comparison group without these conditions matched by gender, age, and insurance coverage. Those with FXS, ASD, or ID were more likely to have had hospital encounters. In terms of age groups, we found mental illness hospitalizations decreased during adulthood as compared to adolescence for those with FXS, and we found that for conditions unrelated to FXS (e.g., respiratory, genitourinary, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia) adolescents had higher rates of hospitalization compared to their peers with FXS, ID, or ASD. We analyzed epilepsy, common among people with FXS and designated as an ambulatory care sensitive condition that can be treated outside the hospital, and found that people with FXS, ID, and ASD had higher odds of hospitalization due to epilepsy in both age groups than did the comparison group.
The Purple Movement: How Facebook’s design undermined the anti-Berlusconi protest in Italy
Authors: Coretti Lorenzo , Pica Daniele 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article assesses the relationship between the use of Facebook and the development of social movements by focusing on the case study of the Italian movement Popolo Viola/Purple People and its organizational structure. The findings of this study show how Facebook proved to be an efficient mobilizing structure for the social movement only on a short-term basis. After this initial success, the incompatibility between the commercial interests behind Facebook design and the ideology of Popolo Viola became manifest. Facebook failed to provide the movement with the necessary instruments in terms of a shared democratic management of its resources. The inability to manage Facebook pages and groups according to commonly agreed values promoted vertical power structures within the movement, contributing to a controversial management of the Facebook page and to internal divisions that hindered significantly the potential of the anti-Berlusconi protest.
Deposition of Chitosan Layers on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kowalski P. , Łosiewicz B. , Goryczka T. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The NiTi shape memory alloys have been known from their application in medicine for implants as well as parts of medical devices. However, nickel belongs to the family of elements, which are toxic. Apart from the fact that nickel ions are bonded with titanium into intermetallic phase, their presence may cause allergy. In order to protect human body against release of nickel ions a surface of NiTi alloy can be modified with use of titanium nitrides, oxides or diamond-like layers. On the one hand the layers can play protective role but on the other hand they may influence shape memory behavior. Too stiff or too brittle layer can lead to limiting or completely blocking of the shape recovery. It was the reason to find more elastic covers for NiTi surface protection. This feature is characteristic for polymers, especially, biocompatible ones, which originate in nature. In the reported paper, the chitosan was applied as a deposited layer on surface of the NiTi shape memory alloy. Due to the fact that nature of shape memory effect is sensitive to thermo and/or mechanical treatments, the chitosan layer was deposited with use of electrophoresis carried out at room temperature. Various deposition parameters were checked and optimized. In result of that thin chitosan layer (0.45µm) was received on the NiTi alloy surface. The obtained layers were characterized by means of chemical and phase composition, as well as surface quality. It was found that smooth, elastic surface without cracks and/or inclusions can be produced applying 10V and relatively short deposition time - 30 seconds.