bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN-λ is able to augment TLR-mediated activation and subsequent function of primary human B cells
Authors: de Groen Rik A , Groothuismink Zwier M A , Liu Bi-Sheng , Boonstra André 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
During the past decade, increased emphasis has been placed on finding alternatives to IFN-α-based therapies. One such alternative, IFN-λ, has shown therapeutic promise in a variety of diseases, but research of this family of cytokines has been primarily focused on their antiviral activities. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of IFN-λ in the regulation and modulation of B cell function. We show that, similar to IFN-α, IFN-λ1 is able to augment TLR-mediated B cell activation, partially attributed to an upregulation of TLR7 expression, and that both naϊve and memory B cells express the limiting type III IFN receptor component, IFN-λR1. Furthermore, this IFN-λ-enhanced B cell activation resulted in increased cytokine and Ig production during TLR7 challenge, most prominently after the addition of helper T cell signals. Ultimately, these elevated cytokine and Ig levels could be partially attributed to the increase in proliferation of TLR7-challenged B cells by both type I and type III IFNs. These findings demonstrate the ability of IFN-λ to boost humoral immunity, an important attribute to consider for further studies on immunity to pathogens, vaccine development, and ongoing advancement of therapeutic strategies aimed at replacing IFN-α-based treatments with IFN-λ.
Bringing smartphone technology into undergraduate and postgraduate psychiatry
Authors: Zhang Melvyn W. B. , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Cheok Christopher C. S. , Ho Roger C. M. 
Published: July 2015

SummarySmartphones are equipped with features that enable the rapid assessment of up-to-date evidence-based information. Their role in medical education is gaining recognition, and more and more institutions are providing devices or applications (apps) to medical students and trainees. Recent UK research suggests that most medical students believe smartphones would be a useful addition to their clinical education and that the majority of students and junior doctors own between one and five medically related apps. This article highlights the utility of these devices in education and summarises the existing technologies adopted by other specialties. It gives a framework for how psychiatry could adopt these new technologies in education and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using this new approach. A brief illustration of how these technologies are being applied in undergraduate and postgraduate psychiatry is included.
Everything you wanted to know about neuroimaging and psychiatry, but were afraid to ask
Authors: Martinelli Cristina , Shergill Sukhwinder S. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryRecent years have seen a dramatic increase in the advances and applications of medical imaging techniques. Tools with familiar acronyms such as MRI, EEG/MEG and PET/SPECT have provided invaluable information not only about the brain structure and function associated with psychiatric disorders, but increasingly about the mechanisms underpinning these disorders. This evolving understanding of the specific pathophysiology of mental disorder paves the way for improvement in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disorders managed in everyday clinical practice. This article gives an overview of the main neuroimaging approaches, contemporary applications of this technology to psychiatric disorder and signposts to the exciting possibilities for the future.
Heroin-assisted treatment: has a controversial treatment come of age?
Authors: Farrell Michael , Hall Wayne 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis editorial considers the findings of the systematic review of heroin-assisted treatment, with six different studies from six different countries, published in this issue. The meta-analysis focuses on supervised injected heroin and reports significant crime reduction and an overall cost-effectiveness of treatment. Despite this body of evidence, policy makers remain reluctant to develop this treatment further. The question remains, what else is required to convince policy makers of the value of such treatment for severe and refractory heroin dependence?
Use of Project Method for Initial Training in Case-Study
Authors: ����� c , Rylov Alexander , �������  , Konnova Larisa 
Published: July 2015

Experts in the field of economics should satisfy special requirements in a growing economy, such as fluency in mathematical tools and mathematical
modeling. It can be attained through the professionally-oriented planned purposeful education program. The ability to deal with economic problems of
specific situations (cases) becomes graduates&#180; important quality. The authors have attempted to start teaching the solving of economic cases in the first
year University of Economics as part of the basic mathematical disciplines&#180; course. A comparative analysis of two modern educational technologies (the
project method and the method of case-study) presented in this article allowed the authors to conclude that project technology can be used for initial
training for case solving.
The article describes �Mathematical models in solving economic problems�, the case-project competition between first-year students of the Financial
University under the Government of the Russian Federation. Themes related to mathematical analysis&#180; economic applications were used during the
competition.
We are not alone: international learning for professionals caring for children requiring palliative care
Authors: Price Jayne , Quinn Karen , McNeilly Patricia , Heywood Melissa 
Published: July 2015

Background: Educational opportunities for professionals working with children requiring palliative care are central to future development within the specialty across countries. International educational initiatives involving a range of professionals are important for learning with and from others working within the field. Aim: To explore the experiences and value to students from participating in an international online discussion forum. Method: This article examines one such initiative; the use of an international asynchronous discussion forum with students in Melbourne, Australia and Belfast, UK who work with children and families. The innovation is examined and student perspectives of the forum's value are presented. Results: Students endorsed the value of the forum, identifying three main areas of learning: differences across locations within countries, respecting different views and being open, and need for continued learning within children's palliative care. The overarching theme ‘we are not alone’ supported the idea that participation in the international discussion forum enabled students to see a broader perspective. Ideas for future developments of similar forums are also explored.
Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Vitamin D Metabolites beyond 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Müller Miriam J , Volmer Dietrich A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe frequency of measurements of vitamin D in the human population has significantly increased over the last decade because vitamin D has now been linked to many diseases, in addition to its established role in bone health. Usually, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are measured to assess the vitamin D status of individuals. Unfortunately, many studies investigating links between vitamin D and disease also use only this single metabolite. Intricate correlations with other vitamin D metabolites or dynamic effects of downstream metabolites may therefore be overlooked. Fortunately, powerful LC-MS/MS approaches have recently become available that can simultaneously quantify the concentrations of multiple vitamin D metabolites. These approaches are challenging, however, because of inherent instrumental problems with detection of vitamin D compounds and the low concentrations of the metabolites in biological fluids.CONTENTThis review summarizes recent mass spectrometry assays for the quantitative measurement of multiple vitamin D metabolites and their application in clinical research, with a particular focus on the low-abundance downstream metabolic species generated after the initial hydroxylation to 25-hydroxyvitamin D.SUMMARYTo study the pathobiological effects and function of vitamin D metabolites in disease, in particular in low-abundance species beyond 25-hydroxyvitamin D, we need to know their concentrations. Although detection of these vitamin D species is challenging, a number of recent mass spectrometry assays have successfully demonstrated that LC-MS/MS methods can quantify multiple vitamin D compounds over a wide dynamic range individually or as part of multimetabolite assays.
Impact of monomer functional groups of resin-based materials on the interaction with water
Authors: Modena Karin Cristina , Cannabrava Vanessa Pavoni , Zanolla Jaine , Santos Carlos Ferreira , Navarro Maria Fidela Lima , Wang Linda 
Published: July 2015

Objective: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare dentin bonding systems and composite resins based on their functional groups in terms of water sorption (WS) and water solubility (WSB). Material and Methods: Three dentin bonding systems (Adper Single Bond 2 – 3M ESPE, Clearfil SE Bond – Kuraray, P90 Adhesive System – 3M ESPE) and three commercial composite resins (Filtek Z350 – 3M ESPE, Filtek Z250 – 3M ESPE, Filtek P90 – 3M ESPE) were tested. Eight specimens of each material were prepared to evaluate the WS and WSA. The discs were individually stored in a desiccator until constant mass was achieved. Specimens were then individually stored in distilled water until the mass was stabilized again. Finally, the specimens were dried again in the desiccator until constant mass was obtained. WS and WSA were calculated from these measurements. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Filtek Silorane-Bond presented the lowest values of WS, and Clearfil SE Bond presented the lowest WSB. Filtek Silorane resin showed the lowest WS and WSA results. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the WS and WSB were influenced by the composition of the materials. The main functional group of the materials determines their susceptibility to water and influences their performance.
Bond strength of a resin composite and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement associated or not with chlorhexidine to eroded dentin
Authors: Nahsan Flavia Pardo Salata , Michielin Martha Beteghelli , Da Silva Luciana Mendonça , Machado Camila Moreira , De Andrade Andréa Mello , Francisconi Paulo Afonso da Silveira , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia , Wang Linda 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Even resin composites and glass-ionomer cements are widely used for dental cervical region restorations, under erosive condition they can wear out quickly. This study aimed to compare, by means of bond strength by microshear, the performance of a resin composite (RC) and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) to eroded dentin and its association with 2% chlorhexidine up to 6 months. Material and Methods:. Eighty sound third molars teeth were cutt to obtain flat coronal dentin, which were subsequently embedded in self-curing acrylic resin circular molds exposing only this surface available. Teeth were divided into two groups, according to the treatment with the Adper Single Bond 2 + RC Filtek Z250 (Z) or the RMGIC Vitremer (V). Half of the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva-AS for 24 hours (control groups) and half subjected to 3x/1 minute daily immersion in Regular Coca Cola ®-RC for 5 days. Half of the specimens for each described condition were treated with water and half with 2% chlorhexidine for 1 minute prior the restoration. For all groups, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva weekly renewed up to tests. The bonding strength was evaluated by microshear test after 1 month and 6 months . Data, in normal distribution, were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA and Tukey (p <0.05). Results: Challenge factors, materials and time were statistically significant.. Restorations with Z showed significantly higher bond strength compared to V in all situations. There was a reduction in bond strength values over time for all tested conditions. The prior application of 2% chlorhexidine was able to preserve the Z bond strength between 1 and 6 months, but this factor was not statistically significant. Conclusion: For eroded dentin, the use of resin composite seems presents greater bond strength compared to resin-modified glass-material, disregarding their association to chlorhexidine or not.
Reagan at Pointe du Hoc: Deictic Epideictic and the Persuasive Power of “Bringing Before the Eyes”
Authors: Prasch Allison M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
President Ronald Reagan’s June 6, 1984, “Address on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day” is one of his most celebrated speeches, and yet no critical assessment of the address exists in rhetorical scholarship. In this article, I examine this speech as a deictic epideictic address, or a speech in which the rhetor uses the physical place, the immediate scene/setting, and the assembled audience as evidence to commemorate the past and chart a clear course for the future. Through this analysis, I argue that Reagan’s speech at Pointe du Hoc is exemplary because it relies on rhetorical vision and deixis to connect a past moment to the present, and in so doing, invites the audience to participate in the discourse emotionally, mentally, and even physically. I conclude by suggesting that a deictic approach to rhetorical criticism offers scholars a vocabulary to describe how speakers can “point” or refer to the physical and material elements of a speech setting as evidence for their argument.
Influence of Quartz Sand Quality on Bending Strength and Thermal Deformation of Moulding Sands with Synthetic Binders
Authors: Dobosz St. M. , Grabarczyk A. , Major-Gabryś K. , Jakubski J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Modern techniques of castings production, including moulding sands production, require a strict technological regime and high quality materials. In the case of self-hardening moulding sands with synthetic binders those requirements apply mainly to sand, which adds to more than 98% of the whole moulding sand mixture. The factors that affect the quality of the moulding sands are both chemical (SiO2, Fe2O3 and carbonates content) and physical. Among these factors somewhat less attention is paid to the granulometric composition of the sands. As a part of this study, the effect of sand quality on bending strength Rgu and thermal deformation of self-hardening moulding sands with furfural and alkyd resin was assessed. Moulding sands with furfural resin are known [1] to be the most susceptible to the sand quality. A negative effect on its properties has, among others, high content of clay binder and so-called subgrains (fraction smaller than 0,1mm), which can lead to neutralization of acidic hardeners (in the case of moulding sands with furfuryl resin) and also increase the specific surface, what forces greater amount of binding agents. The research used 5 different quartz sands originating from different sources and characterized with different grain composition and different clay binder content.
Increasing of Utility Properties of Grey Cast Iron Castings with Heat Treatment
Authors: Eperješi Š. , Malik J. , Vasková I. , Fecko D. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Grey cast iron belongs to materials for casting production, which have wide application for different industry branches. Wide spectrum of properties of these materials is given by the structure of base metal matrix, which can be influenced with heat treatment. Processes of annealing can be applied for grey cast iron without problems. During heat treatment processes, where higher cooling rates are used, the thermal and structural strains become important. Usage and conditions of such heat treatment for grey cast iron castings of common production are the subject of evaluation of this article.
Stereological Analysis of Carbides in Hypoeutectic Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Gromczyk M. , Kondracki M. , Studnicki A. , Szajnar J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The results of research on stereological parameters of carbides in modified hypoeutectic chromium cast iron were shown in the paper. The effect of distance the casting heat centre of casting to the carbide phase morphology was examined. The samples for metallographic examination were taken from various locations of the model casting prepared in a special tester. This model casting was designed to simulate the solidification of heavy castings. Using the proposed methodology the relation of the distance from the model mould and the size, perimeter, length, width and the shape factor of carbides was examined. During the analysis, the values of stereological parameters of carbides changed on various sections of the model casting.
Development of a New Tool Material for High Pressure Die Casting
Authors: Herman A. , Zikmund P. , Tatíček F. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper describes existing requirements for tool materials. In the light of experience with these supplied materials, we have demonstrated their considerable influence on the life of molds for die casting technology. From this research came the evaluation methodology of these tool materials which has been used for directing the development of a new material. Based on the new regulation of the chemical composition a sample was casted and forged after that. Then was determined the process of heat treatment and from a block of this material a mold insert was produced. This insert is now being tested in production.
High Temperature Thermal Properties of Bentonite Foundry Sand
Authors: Krajewski P.K. , Suchy J.S. , Piwowarski G. , Krajewski W.K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of measuring thermal conductivity and heat capacity of bentonite foundry sand in temperature range ambient - 900­­°C. During the experiments a technical purity Cu plate was cast into the green-sand moulds. Basing on measurements of the mould temperature field during the solidification of the casting, the temperature relationships of the measured properties were evaluated. It was confirmed that water vaporization strongly influences thermal conductivity of the moulding sand in the first period of the mould heating by the poured casting.
Evaluation of Microwave Heating of Protective Coatings Used in the Lost Foam Technology
Authors: Opyd B. , Granat K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Presented are results of a preliminary research on determining a possibility to use microwave radiation for drying casting protective coatings applied on patterns used in the lost foam technology. Taken were measurements of permittivity ετ and loss factor tgδ at 2.45 GHz, as well as attempts were made of microwave drying of a protective coating based on aluminium silicates, applied on shapes of foamed polystyrene and rigid polymeric foam. Time and results of microwave drying were compared with the results obtained by drying at 50 °C by the traditional method commonly used for removing water from protective coatings. Analysis of the obtained drying kinetics curves demonstrated that selection of proper operation parameters of microwave equipment permits the drying time to be significantly shortened. Depending on kind of the pattern material, drying process of a protective coating runs in a different way, resulting in obtaining different quality of the dried coating.
Effect of Selected Parameters of Pressure Die Casting on Quality of AlSi9Cu3 Castings
Authors: Pałyga Ł. , Stachowicz M. , Granat K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the results on the effects of die-casting process on the strength parameters of castings of the aluminium AlSi9Cu3 alloy belonging to the group of EN AB-46000, made on renovated high pressure die-casting machine. Specimens for quality testing were taken from the places of the casting most loaded during the service. The aim of a research was to prove how the new die-casting process control capabilities influence on the tensile strength of the cast material defined as a value of the breaking force of the specimens. It has been found that it is possible to specify a set of recommended settings valves of second (II) and third (III) phase, which are responsible for filling the metal mould on die-casting pressure machine. From the point of view of the finished cast element, it was noticed that exceeding the prescribed values of valve settings does not bring further benefits and even causes unnecessary overload and reduce the durability of the mold. Moreover, it was noticed that reduction of the predetermined setting of the second phase (II) valve leads to the formation of casting defects again.
Influence of Nickel Addition on Properties of Secondary AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy
Authors: Richtárech L. , Bolibruchová D. , Brůna M. , Caiss J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with influence on segregation of iron based phases on the secondary alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 microstructure by nickel. Iron is the most common and harmful impurity in aluminum casting alloys and has long been associated with an increase of casting defects. In generally, iron is associated with the formation of Fe-rich intermetallic phases. It is impossible to remove iron from melt by standard operations. Some elements eliminates iron by changing iron intermetallic phase morphology, decreasing its extent and by improving alloy properties. Realization of experiments and results of analysis show new view on solubility of iron based phases during melt preparation with higher iron content and influence of nickel as iron corrector of iron based phases.
Development Of 3D Woven Fabric Based Pressure Switch
Authors: Shaker Khubab , Nawab Yasir , Javaid Muhammad Usman , Umair Muhammad , Maqsood Muhammad 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper introduces a 3D woven fabric-based approach for the development of pressure switch. A fabric substrate, being elastic and extendable is very useful in addition to its high breaking strength and low cost. The developed resistive-type switch is based on the multilayer interlock 3D fabrics. In the top and bottom layers, certain number of conductive yarns are woven separated by cotton yarns in both transversal and thickness direction. Application of pressure makes the layers of conductive yarn to come in contact, resulting in a short circuit, which may be recorded using multi-meters. Removing the pressure cause the connection points to separate away and it depends on the weave design. Such switch can be used as an on/off switch for usage in security systems, can be sewn into carpets and wearable garments for a number of purposes.
Similar small-scale variation of diatom assemblages on different substrates in a mesotrophic stream
Authors: Kahlert Maria , Rašić Ivana Savatijević 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze if small-scale spatial variation of benthic diatom assemblages has consequences for biomonitoring. Benthic diatom samples were collected at one sampling site in a mesotrophic stream in Middle-Sweden from stone and plant (macrophytes and mosses) substrate. Our results showed that spatial variation of both the diatom species composition and the calculated bioindices were similar on both small (distance of centimeter) and medium (distance of decimeters) scales. Spatial variation was also similar on both studied substrates. This implies that it does not matter if a small or a larger area is sampled for biomonitoring as long as no major environmental factors impact certain sites systematically. Diatom assemblages and indices were significantly different between substrates. Spatial variation did not contribute much to this variation, and variation on a slide was unimportant. These results confirm earlier findings that smallscale spatial variation is not a problem when using diatoms to detect anthropogenic impacts to a stream or lake.