bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal dust source variability in northern China identified using advanced remote sensing analysis
Authors: Taramelli A. , Pasqui M. , Barbour J. , Kirschbaum D. , Bottai L. , Busillo C. , Calastrini F. , Guarnieri F. , Small C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to provide a detailed characterization of spatial patterns and temporal trends in the regional and local dust source areas within the desert of the Alashan Prefecture (Inner Mongolia, China). This problem was approached through multi‐scale remote sensing analysis of vegetation changes. The primary requirements for this regional analysis are high spatial and spectral resolution data, accurate spectral calibration and good temporal resolution with a suitable temporal baseline. Landsat analysis and field validation along with the low spatial resolution classifications from MODIS and AVHRR are combined to provide a reliable characterization of the different potential dust‐producing sources. The representation of intra‐annual and inter‐annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) trend to assess land cover discrimination for mapping potential dust source using MODIS and AVHRR at larger scale is enhanced by Landsat Spectral Mixing Analysis (SMA). The combined methodology is to determine the extent to which Landsat can distinguish important soils types in order to better understand how soil reflectance behaves at seasonal and inter‐annual timescales. As a final result mapping soil surface properties using SMA is representative of responses of different land and soil cover previously identified by NDVI trend. The results could be used in dust emission models even if they are not reflecting aggregate formation, soil stability or particle coatings showing to be critical for accurately represent dust source over different regional and local emitting areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference management for LTE‐Advanced Het‐Nets: stochastic scheduling approach in frequency domain
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Dowhuszko Alexis A. , Hämäläinen Jyri 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTHeterogeneous networks represent a practical way to face high traffic demands in densely populated areas. Nevertheless, to achieve these advertised data rates, advanced interference management techniques are required. Trying to tackle this problem, this paper presents a stochastic scheduling approach for two‐layer LTE‐Advanced networks. The proposed stochastic frequency‐domain scheduling (SFDS) algorithm seeks the avoidance of cross‐layer and colayer interference, and is based on allocating different portions of the transmission bandwidth probabilistically. The SFDS algorithm is first presented as an interference management solution for an orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access system (i.e. LTE‐Advanced downlink). Later on, the SFDS algorithm is extended to be compatible with single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access transmissions, and its performance is evaluated when combined with open‐loop power control techniques (i.e. LTE‐Advanced uplink). Extensive system level simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of SFDS algorithm in a predefined LTE‐Advanced scenario that combines both macrolayer and femtolayer. Results show that the proposed algorithm allows to balance the cross‐layer and colayer interferences, extending the performance trade‐offs that well‐known full‐range spectrum allocation and orthogonal spectrum allocation approaches provide. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baseline disability in activities of daily living predicts dementia risk even after controlling for baseline global cognitive ability and depressive symptoms
Authors: Fauth Elizabeth B. , Schwartz Sarah , Tschanz JoAnn T. , Østbye Truls , Corcoran Christopher , Norton Maria C. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesLate‐life disability in activities of daily living (ADL) is theorized to be driven by underlying cognitive and/or physical impairment, interacting with psychological and environmental factors. Although we expect that cognitive deficits would explain associations between ADL disability and dementia risk, the current study examined ADL as a predictor of future dementia after controlling for global cognitive status.MethodsThe population‐based Cache County Memory Study (N = 3547) assessed individuals in four triennial waves (average age 74.9 years, years of education 13.36 years; 57.9% were women). Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed whether baseline ADL disability (presence of 2+ Instrumental ADL and/or 1+ Personal ADL) predicted incident dementia after controlling for APOE status, gender, age, baseline cognitive ability (Modified Mini‐mental State Exam, 3MS‐R; adjusted for education level), and baseline depressive symptoms (Diagnostic Interview Schedule).ResultsOver the course of study, 571 cases of incident dementia were identified through in‐depth cognitive assessment, ending in expert consensus diagnosis. Results from Cox models suggest that ADL disability is a statistically significant predictor of incident dementia (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.83, p < 0.001), even after controlling for covariates.ConclusionsFindings suggest that ADL disability offers unique contributions in risk for incident dementia, even after controlling for global cognitive status. We discuss how physical impairment and executive function may play important roles in this relationship, and how ADL is useful, not just a diagnostic tool at, or after dementia onset, but also as a risk factor for future dementia, even in individuals not impaired on global cognitive tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical Thinking: Foundational for Digital Literacies and Democracy
Authors: Gainer Jesse 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis column addresses the importance of developing critical thinking to meet the demands of 21st‐century literacies and participatory democracy. The author argues for a critical approach to digital literacies that explores the sociological nature of literacy practices. Students examine examples of new literacies and analyze how ideologies are represented in multimodal texts. Then students use critical understandings of how these texts work in the world to create their own multimodal texts that can act as counter narratives pushing back against mainstream ideologies that exclude diverse perspectives.
Vocabulary Instruction in the Disciplines
Authors: Boyd Fenice B. , Sullivan Mary Pat , Popp Jacquelynn S. , Hughes Megan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis column explores how literacy practices similarly enacted across disciplines served as a platform for considering collaborative professional development contexts. With current educational policy, content area teachers are expected to include relevant literacy practices within their disciplinary instruction. Based on research across science and history classrooms, general vocabulary development was present during engagement with texts as a stepping‐stone to disciplinary practices and embedded within disciplinary learning. Examples of how vocabulary practices were enacted show that similar pedagogical moves supported learning, suggesting that common ground exists across subject areas. This work led to insights about how vocabulary instruction, often bounded within language arts instruction can be enacted within disciplinary instruction. Authors argue learning contexts for content‐area teachers should be collaborative and inclusive, with attention on integrated literacy to support disciplinary learning. Vocabulary development is one area universally important across all educational contexts and can form a unifying thread among teachers.
Oxidative DNA damage and in vivo mutagenicity caused by reactive oxygen species generated in the livers of p53‐proficient or ‐deficient gpt delta mice treated with non‐genotoxic hepatocarcinogens
Authors: Tasaki Masako , Kuroiwa Yuichi , Inoue Tomoki , Hibi Daisuke , Matsushita Kohei , Ishii Yuji , Maruyama Soichi , Nohmi Takehiko , Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Umemura Takashi 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTOxidative stress is thought to participate in chemical carcinogenesis and may trigger gene mutations. To accurately assess the carcinogenesis risk posed to humans by chemical exposure, it is important to understand the pathways by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and the effects of the resulting oxidative stress. In the present study, p53‐proficient and ‐deficient gpt delta mice were given pentachlorophenol (PCP), phenobarbital (PhB) or piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which are classified as non‐genotoxic hepatocarcinogens in rodents, at the respective carcinogenic doses for 13 weeks. Exposure to PCP or PBO, but not PhB, invoked significant increases in liver DNA 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) levels. Treatment with PCP significantly increased mRNA levels of the gene encoding NAD(P):quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the liver, suggesting that redox cycling of the PCP metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone gave rise to ROS. Exposure to PhB or PBO significantly elevated CYP 2B10 mRNA levels while NQO1 levels were also significantly increased in PBO‐treated mice. Therefore, in addition to involvement of the CYP catalytic pathway in the ROS‐generated system of PBO, catechol derivatives produced from the opening of the PBO functional group methylenedioxy ring probably resulted in ROS generation. However, PCP, PBO and PhB failed to increase gpt and red/gam gene mutations in the liver independently of p53. Overall, the action of oxidative stress by ROS derived from the metabolism of these carcinogens might be limited to cancer‐promoting activity, which supports the previous classification of these carcinogens as non‐genotoxic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen receptor-α is required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading in a ligand-independent manner involving its activation function 1 but not 2
Authors: Windahl Sara H , Saxon Leanne , Börjesson Anna E , Lagerquist Marie K , Frenkel Baruch , Henning Petra , Lerner Ulf H , Galea Gabriel L , Meakin Lee B , Engdahl Cecilia , Sjögren Klara , Antal Maria C , Krust Andrée , Chambon Pierre , Lanyon Lance E , Price Joanna S , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is crucial for the adaptive response of bone to loading but the role of endogenous estradiol (E2) for this response is unclear. To determine in vivo the ligand dependency and relative roles of different ERα domains for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading, gene-targeted mouse models with (1) a complete ERα inactivation (ERα−/−), (2) specific inactivation of activation function 1 (AF-1) in ERα (ERαAF-10), or (3) specific inactivation of ERαAF-2 (ERαAF-20) were subjected to axial loading of tibia, in the presence or absence (ovariectomy [ovx]) of endogenous E2. Loading increased the cortical bone area in the tibia mainly as a result of an increased periosteal bone formation rate (BFR) and this osteogenic response was similar in gonadal intact and ovx mice, demonstrating that E2 (ligand) is not required for this response. Female ERα−/− mice displayed a severely reduced osteogenic response to loading with changes in cortical area (−78% ± 15%, p &lt; 0.01) and periosteal BFR (−81% ± 9%, p &lt; 0.01) being significantly lower than in wild-type (WT) mice. ERαAF-10 mice also displayed a reduced response to mechanical loading compared with WT mice (cortical area −40% ± 11%, p &lt; 0.05 and periosteal BFR −41% ± 8%, p &lt; 0.01), whereas the periosteal osteogenic response to loading was unaffected in ERαAF-20 mice. Mechanical loading of transgenic estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter mice did not increase luciferase expression in cortical bone, suggesting that the loading response does not involve classical genomic ERE-mediated pathways. In conclusion, ERα is required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading in a ligand-independent manner involving AF-1 but not AF-2. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Evaluation of phase‐sensitive versus magnitude reconstructed inversion recovery imaging for the assessment of myocardial infarction in mice with a clinical magnetic resonance scanner
Authors: Wildgruber Moritz , Settles Marcus , Kosanke Katja , Bielicki Isabella , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Rummeny Ernst J. , Botnar René M. , Huber Armin M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (PSIR) imaging at 1.5 T in a mouse model of permanent coronary artery ligation as a potentially rapid and robust alternative for the accurate assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods:PSIR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging was compared to conventional 2D segmented inversion‐recovery imaging for the assessment of murine MI.Results:PSIR images provided comparable contrast and kinetics of intravenously injected gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA). At the mid‐ventricular level there was good agreement between conventional IR and PSIR for infarct size assessment. After intravenous injection a limited time window of ∼6 minutes is available for delayed enhancement imaging in mice. Whole‐heart infarct imaging with 1 mm thick slices was only possible in this restricted time frame when the PSIR method is applied, avoiding the need for repetitively adapting the correct inversion time. Infarct size determined by PSIR MRI demonstrated good agreement with postmortem histology. Infarct size determined by PSIR LGE MRI inversely correlates with left‐ventricular function on day 7 after MI.Conclusion:The PSIR technique provides stable and consistent contrast between hyperenhanced and remote myocardium independent of the selected inversion time (TI) and proved to be a robust, fast, and accurate tool for the assessment of MI in mice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1372–1382. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffeomorphic brain mapping based on T1‐weighted images: Improvement of registration accuracy by multichannel mapping
Authors: Djamanakova Aigerim , Faria Andreia V. , Hsu John , Ceritoglu Can , Oishi Kenichi , Miller Michael I. , Hillis Argye E. , Mori Susumu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To improve image registration accuracy in neurodegenerative populations.Materials and Methods:This study used primary progressive aphasia, aged control, and young control T1‐weighted images. Mapping to a template image was performed using single‐channel Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM), a dual‐channel method with ventricular anatomy in the second channel, and a dual‐channel with appendage method, which utilized a priori knowledge of template ventricular anatomy in the deformable atlas.Results:Our results indicated substantial improvement in the registration accuracy over single‐contrast‐based brain mapping, mainly in the lateral ventricles and regions surrounding them. Dual‐channel mapping significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the number of misclassified lateral ventricle voxels (based on a manually defined reference) over single‐channel mapping. The dual‐channel (w/appendage) method further reduced (P < 0.001) misclassification over the dual‐channel method, indicating that the appendage provides more accurate anatomical correspondence for deformation.Conclusion:Brain anatomical mapping by shape normalization is widely used for quantitative anatomical analysis. However, in many geriatric and neurodegenerative disorders, severe tissue atrophy poses a unique challenge for accurate mapping of voxels, especially around the lateral ventricles. In this study we demonstrate our ability to improve mapping accuracy by incorporating ventricular anatomy in LDDMM and by utilizing a priori knowledge of ventricular anatomy in the deformable atlas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:76–84. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of soft‐tissue tumors
Authors: Stramare Roberto , Beltrame Valeria , Gazzola Matteo , Gerardi Marco , Scattolin Giuliano , Coran Alessandro , Faccinetto Alex , Rastrelli Marco , Riccardo Rossi Carlo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe objective of this review is to highlight the major imaging characteristics of the main soft‐tissue sarcoma histotypes observed in the group “Sarcomi” of the Istituto Oncologico Veneto in the last 5 years. A literature review was performed using PubMed and textbooks. Radiological imaging can guide the diagnosis for the subset of lesions that have typical clinical and imaging features. Soft‐tissue tumors are common in clinical practice and a systematic clinical and imaging approach may guide the diagnosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:791–804. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of sugars on liquid–vapour partition of volatile compounds in ready‐to‐drink coffee beverages
Authors: Piccone P. , Lonzarich V. , Navarini L. , Fusella G. , Pittia P. 
Published: September 2012

The effect of sugars (sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose, 10%w/v) on the liquid–vapour partition of selected volatile compounds of coffee beverages has been investigated in espresso coffee and ready‐to‐drink (RTD) canned coffee prepared and obtained by using the same Arabica roasted coffee beans blend. Aroma composition of coffee beverages has been preliminary investigated by headspace‐gas chromatography (HS‐GC) and solid phase microextraction‐HS‐GC‐mass spectrometry to characterize the volatile pattern of the systems and to evaluate the effects of sugars on the aroma release/retention. Then, the liquid–vapour partition coefficient (k) of 4 selected key aroma compounds (diacetyl, 2,3‐pentanedione, ethylpyrazine, hexanal) was determined in water, sugars solutions as well as RTD coffee brews added with the same sugars (10%w/v).Sugars added in coffee beverages affected the release of the volatiles and thus its aroma profile with differences due to the type of added sugar and coffee brew type.The k values of the selected volatile compounds resulted different depending on the model system composition (water, coffee brew) and sugar type added. In particular, melanoidins as well as other non‐volatile components (lipids, acids, carbohydrates) in the RTD coffee brews could be implied in the change of k of the volatile compounds in respect to that observed in water.The effects of the sugar type on the release/retention of the four key coffee aroma compounds were partly explained in terms of ‘salting out’ especially for the more polar volatile compounds and in the sucrose‐added model systems. The change of chemical and physico‐chemical properties of the water and brews induced by the sugars as well as the occurrence of interactions between volatile compounds and non‐volatile components may be implied in the reduction of the vapour partition of the aroma compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted screening of pesticides, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins in bakery ingredients and food commodities by liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution single‐stage Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: De Dominicis Emiliano , Commissati Italo , Suman Michele 
Published: September 2012

In the food industry, it is frequently necessary to check the quality of an ingredient to decide whether to use it in production and/or to have an idea of the final possible contamination of the finished product.The current need to quickly separate and identify relevant contaminants within different classes, often with legal residue limits on the order of 1–100 µg kg−1, has led to the need for more effective analytical methods. With thousands of organic compounds present in complex food matrices, the development of new analytical solutions leaned towards simplified extraction/clean‐up procedures and chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Efforts must also be made regarding the instrumental phase to overcome sensitivity/selectivity limits and interferences. For this purpose, high‐resolution full scan analysis in mass spectrometry is an interesting alternative to the traditional tandem mass approach. A fast method for extracting and purifying bakery matrices was therefore developed and combined with the exploitation of ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a Orbitrap Exactive™ high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Extracts of blank, naturally contaminated and fortified minicakes, prepared through a combined use of industrial and pilot plant production lines, were analyzed at different concentration levels (1–100 µg kg−1) of various contaminants: a limit of detection at 10 µg kg−1 was possible for most of the analytes within all the categories analyzed, including pesticides, aflatoxins, trichothecene toxins and veterinary drugs. The application of accurate mass targeted screening described in this article demonstrates that current single‐stage HRMS analytical instrumentation is well equipped to meet the challenges posed by chemical contaminants in the screening of both bakery raw materials and finished products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of climate change in Europe from an ensemble of regional climate models by the use of Köppen–Trewartha classification
Authors: Gallardo Clemente , Gil Victoria , Hagel Edit , Tejeda César , de Castro Manuel 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThrough the use of the climatic classification of Köppen–Trewartha (K‐T), the ability to reproduce the current climate of Europe has been shown for an ensemble of 15 regional climate model simulations nested in six global climate models. Depending on the simulation, between 55.4 and 81.3% of the grid points are in agreement with observations regarding the location of climate types in current climate simulations (1971–2000). In this respect, the result of the ensemble of 15 simulations is better than that of any individual model, with 83.5% of the grid points in agreement with observations. K‐T classification has also been used to analyse the projected climate change over the 21st century under the SRES‐A1B emissions scenario. It was found that 22.3% of the grid points in the domain change their climate by the period 2021–2050 compared to current climate and 48.1% change by 2061–2090. The climate shifts affecting the biggest extensions are projected in Central Europe and Fennoscandia, but other smaller areas suffer more intense changes which potentially are more dangerous to vegetation and ecosystems. Generally, these changes occur at a sustained rate throughout the century, reaching speeds of up to 90 × 103 km2 decade−1 in the retreat or expansion of some climates.
Annual sea surface temperature lag as an indicator of regional climate variability
Authors: Li Chung‐Leong , Bye John A.T. , Gallagher Stephen J. , Cowan Tim 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe annual SST lag for the world ocean is obtained from a Fourier analysis of the HadISST (1870–2008) and NOAA WOA05 (1900–2005) monthly SST data series. The main properties are a mean of 73 days and a standard deviation of 16 days, with tongues of high SST lag extending poleward and eastward from the equatorial regions where a maximum in lag of about 110 days occurs. The SST lag is the sum of an atmospheric surface heat flux lag and an ocean heat storage lag which is the dominant contributor and provides direct estimates of the damping time for air/sea heat exchange, which are in good agreement with observations in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, and also predictions of the phase lag of the mid‐latitude ocean surface temperature field to El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing. Hence, SST lag can be used to diagnose global climate variability. Local differences in lag of up to about 15 days occur between the 1991–2005 and 1976–1990 periods, which are accompanied by significant changes in regional climate. The lag time series for grid points in the eastern Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean show that the variability can be interpreted in terms of bounded random walks of length about 20 years. The CSIRO Mk. 3.5 run for Scenario A2 over the period 1871–2100 has a similar random structure and also shows a secular increase in SST lag in the temperate oceans which is attributable to an expansion of the tropical belt.