bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor (AR) suppresses normal human prostate epithelial cell proliferation via AR/β‐catenin/TCF‐4 complex inhibition of c‐MYC transcription
Authors: Antony Lizamma , van der Schoor Freek , Dalrymple Susan L. , Isaacs John T. 
Published: June 2014

INTRODUCTIONPhysiologic testosterone continuously stimulates prostate stromal cell secretion of paracrine growth factors (PGFs), which if unopposed would induce hyperplastic overgrowth of normal prostate epithelial cells (PrECs).METHODSLentiviral shRNA stable knock down of c‐MYC, β‐catenin, or TCF‐4 completely inhibits normal (i.e., non‐transformed) human PrECs growth. c‐MYC enhancer driven reporter expression and growth is inhibited by two chemically distinct molecules, which prevent β‐catenin signaling either by blocking TCF‐4 binding (i.e., toxoflavin) or by stimulating degradation (i.e., AVX939). Recombinant DKK1 protein at a dose, which inhibits activation of canonical Wnt signaling does not inhibit PrEC growth. Nuclear β‐catenin translocation and PrEC growth is prevented by both lack of PGFs or Akt inhibitor‐I. Growth inhibition induced by lack of PGFs, toxoflavin, or Akt inhibitor‐I is overcome by constitutive c‐MYC transcription.RESULTSIn the presence of continuous PGF signaling, PrEC hyperplasia is prevented by androgen binding to AR suppressing c‐MYC transcription, resulting in G0 arrest/terminal differentiation independent of Rb, p21, p27, FoxP3, or down regulation of growth factors receptors and instead involves androgen‐induced formation of AR/β‐catenin/TCF‐4 complexes, which suppress c‐MYC transcription. Such suppression does not occur when AR is mutated in its zinc‐finger binding domain.DISCUSSIONProliferation of non‐transformed human PrECs is dependent upon c‐MYC transcription via formation/binding of β‐catenin/TCF‐4 complexes at both 5′ and 3′ c‐MYC enhancers stimulated by Wnt‐independent, PGF induced Akt signaling. In the presence of continuous PGF signaling, PrEC hyperplasia is prevented by androgen‐induced formation of AR/β‐catenin/TCF‐4 complexes, which retains binding to 3′ c‐MYC enhancer, but now suppresses c‐MYC transcription. Prostate 74:1118–1131, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on prostate volume and vascularity in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A pilot study in a canine model
Authors: Leoci Raffaella , Aiudi Giulio , Silvestre Fabio , Lissner Elaine , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a result of urogenital aging. Recent studies suggest that an age‐related impairment of the blood supply to the lower urinary tract plays a role in the development of BPH and thus may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of BPH. The canine prostate is a model for understanding abnormal growth of the human prostate gland. We studied the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) in dogs to modify prostate blood flow and evaluated its effect on BPH.METHODSPEMF (5 min, twice a day for 3 weeks) was performed on 20 dogs affected by BPH. Prostatic volume, Doppler assessment by ultrasonography, libido, semen quality, testosterone levels, and seminal plasma volume, composition and pH were evaluated before and after treatment.RESULTSThe 3 weeks of PEMF produced a significant reduction in prostatic volume (average 57%) without any interference with semen quality, testosterone levels or libido. Doppler parameters showed a reduction of peripheral resistances and a progressive reduction throughout the trial of the systolic peak velocity, end‐diastolic velocity, mean velocity, mean, and peak gradient of the blood flow in the dorsal branch of the prostatic artery. The pulsatility index and the resistance index did not vary significantly over time.CONCLUSIONSThe efficacy of PEMF on BPH in dogs, with no side effects, suggests the suitability of this treatment in humans and supports the hypothesis that impairment of blood supply to the lower urinary tract may be a causative factor in the development of BPH.Prostate74:1132–1141, 2014. © 2014 The Authors.The Prostatepublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microstructure and Properties of Laser‐Clad Mo2NiB2 Cermet Coating on Steel Substrate
Authors: Wu Qianlin , Li Wenge , Zhong Ning , Wang Guoqing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA Mo2NiB2 cermet coating on steel substrate was fabricated by laser cladding technique. The laser cladding samples were subjected to various microstructure examinations, hardness, and wear and corrosion tests. The results showed that a continuous, dense and adherent laser‐clad coating was formed on the steel substrate. The coating consisted of γ‐(Fe, Ni) as a metallic matrix binder and Mo2NiB2 particles as a reinforced phase distributed uniformly in the microstructure. Average hardness of the coating up to 700 HV was significantly higher than that of the matrix 150 HV. The coating exhibited a dry‐sliding wear resistance that was increased by about 6 times relative to the steel substrate. Extensive pits formation on the surface and through the inner part had taken place for 304 stainless steel, while it disappeared in the coating.
Two‐Dimensional Oxides and Their Role in Electron Transfer Mechanisms with Adsorbed Species
Authors: Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInsulating or semiconducting oxides prepared in the form of ultrathin films grown on a metal may exhibit phenomena and behaviors that make them quite interesting for their potential applications in catalysis and other fields. In this review we consider in particular what is probably the most relevant one of these phenomena, i.e., the possibility to decouple the wave functions of the metal support and the adsorbed species by means of the thin separating dielectric layer, and consequently to induce charge transfer in one or the other direction, producing collections of positively or negatively charged adsorbates. We describe the basic results that opened up this relatively new field and discuss formation of negatively and positively charged atomic adsorbates and the mechanisms at the basis of the electron flow through the thin dielectric layer. We illustrate some direct consequences of the charge transfer on two‐dimensional oxide layers, like the possibility to change the shape of supported clusters, or to dissociate chemical bonds with mechanisms that are different from the respective bulk oxides. We also discuss how the properties of ultrathin films, and in particular the work function of the system, can be modified by selective interstitial or substitutional doping.
A fast acoustic field mapping approach based on fabry–perot sensor with high‐speed camera
Authors: Cong Bing , Kondo Kengo , Yamakawa Makoto , Shiina Tsuyoshi , Nakajima Takao , Asao Yasufumi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometer‐based ultrasound sensor provides an inherently broadband response and excellent detection sensitivity compared to piezoelectric zirconate titanate (PZT) or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) transducers. It is therefore expected to be used for medical ultrasound imaging and photoacoustic imaging. However, at present, mapping acoustic fields takes much time for scanning, which hinders real‐time measurement. We propose a new approach that utilizes a high‐speed camera (HSC) to map acoustic fields without mechanical scanning and to sample signals of acoustic waves with the shutter of the HSC. Experimental results indicate that acoustic field at the focus of a pulsed 1‐MHz PZT ultrasound transducer can be detected and mapped by using the FP sensor with the HSC. By improving the uniformity of the FP sensor and the exposure time, the frame rate of HSC can be further developed, and this approach should be able to provide a fast acoustic field mapping for high‐resolution biomedical photoacoustic and other ultrasonic imaging. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Trans‐African Hydro‐Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO)
Authors: van de Giesen Nick , Hut Rolf , Selker John 
Published: June 2014

In this opinion article, we present the Trans‐African Hydro‐Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO). The goal of TAHMO is to develop a dense network of hydro‐meteorological measurement stations throughout sub‐Saharan Africa. On average, there will be one station per 1000 km2. The stations will be cost‐effective through the use of new sensor and communication technologies. The station design is robust and aims at minimizing maintenance. Special attention will be paid to data quality assessment and control. Through public–private partnerships, the system will be made financially self‐sustaining. Education will play an important role as many stations will be placed at schools, where they will play a role in the curriculum. WIREs Water 2014, 1:341–348. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1034This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Human Water > Water Governance
Bioavailability and bioequivalence in drug development
Authors: Chow Shein‐Chung 
Published: June 2014

Bioavailability is referred to as the extent and rate to which the active drug ingredient or active moiety from the drug product is absorbed and becomes available at the site of drug action. The relative bioavailability in terms of the rate and extent of drug absorption is considered predictive of clinical outcomes. In 1984, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was authorized to approve generic drug products under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act based on evidence of average bioequivalence in drug absorption through the conduct of bioavailability and bioequivalence studies. This article provides an overview (from an American point of view) of definition of bioavailability and bioequivalence, Fundamental Bioequivalence Assumption, regulatory requirements, and process for bioequivalence assessment of generic drug products. Basic considerations including criteria, study design, power analysis for sample size determination, and the conduct of bioequivalence trial, and statistical methods are provided. Practical issues such as one‐size‐fits‐all criterion, drug interchangeability and scaled average criteria for assessment of highly variable drug products are also discussed. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:304–312. doi: 10.1002/wics.1310This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Clinical Trials
The Role of Amino Acid Esters and the Amide Group in the Chiral Induction Process by a Novel Monoamide‐Linked Monozinc Bisporphyrinate
Authors: Zhang Yinzhi , Ma Ben , Wang Yong , Hu Chuanjiang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA monoamide‐linked monozinc bisporphyrinate for monodentate chiral guests was designed and synthesized. It was used as a host to complex with amino acid esters; the resulting CD spectra showed typical bisignate shape, which suggest the ability to transfer chirality from amino acid esters. The molecular structure of the host indicates that amino acid esters function as monodentate ligands in the host‐guest complex. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies suggest formation of a hydrogen bond between the amide NH and the carbonyl oxygen groups of the amino acid ester. The possible mechanism of the chiral induction process was further studied by DFT calculations.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Zinc(II) Complex with Mixed 4‐Hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic Acid and 1,3‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)propane Tectons
Authors: Wang Yu‐Fang , Chen Jun‐Qing , Geng Jun‐Lei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe metal‐organic framework {[Zn2(CAM)(μ2‐OH)(bpp)]·2H2O}n (1) [H3CAM = 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane], was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 presents a three dimensional self‐penetrating 8‐connected framework with the Schläfli symbol 420.53.65. In addition, the fluorescent properties and thermal stability of 1 were discussed as well.
Laparoscopic vs. Open Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Cirrhotic Liver: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Memeo Riccardo , de’Angelis Nicola , Compagnon Philippe , Salloum Chady , Cherqui Daniel , Laurent Alexis , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic liver resection is considered a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery for malignant liver lesions. However, laparoscopic surgery in cirrhotic patients remains challenging. The aim of this retrospective case–control study was to compare morbidity, mortality, and long‐term patient survival between laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) and open liver resections (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with histologically proven cirrhosis.MethodsA total of 45 patients treated with LLR were matched by cause of cirrhosis, Child‐Pugh score, type of surgical resection (subsegmentectomy, segmentectomy, and bisegmentectomy), tumor number, tumor size, and alpha‐fetoprotein value with 45 patients treated with OLR. Pre‐, intra‐, and post‐operative variables were compared between groups.ResultsCompared with OLR, the LLR group displayed a significantly shorter operative time (140 vs. 180 min; p = 0.02), shorter hospital stay (7 vs. 12 days; p < 0.0001), and lower morbidity rate (20 vs. 45 % of patients; p = 0.01). A higher rate of R0 resection was observed in the LLR group than in the OLR group (95 vs. 85 %; p = 0.03). Postoperative ascites was more frequently observed in the OLR group (18 vs. 2 %; p = 0.01). Mortality, patient, and disease‐free survival rates were similar between groups. The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates were 88, 59, and 12 %, respectively, in the LLR group and 63, 44, and 22 % in the OLR group (p = 0.27).ConclusionsSignificantly shorter operative times, better resection margins, lower postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stay were observed in the LLR group compared with the OLR group. LLR and OLR have similar overall and disease‐free survival rates in cirrhotic HCC patients.
Hydrological Modeling of Large river Basins: How Much is Enough?
Authors: Johnston Robyn , Smakhtin Vladimir 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHydrological modeling is an indispensable component of water resources research and management in large river basins. There is a tendency for each new group working in a basin to develop their own model, resulting in a plethora of such tools for each major basin. The question then becomes: how much modeling is enough? This study reviews hydrological modeling in four large basins (Nile, Mekong, Ganges and Indus). Based on this review, four areas for action to improve effectiveness and reduce duplication in hydrological modeling of large basins are suggested. Model setups and input data, as well as model results, should be published, to allow more coordinated approaches and capitalize on past modeling efforts. More focus is needed on reporting uncertainty, to allow more realistic assessment of the degree of confidence in using results for policy and management. Initiatives are needed to improve the quantity and quality of data for model input, calibration and validation, both traditional hydrological monitoring (improved networks, expansion of automated systems) and new methods for data collection (remote sensing, crowd-sourcing and community based observations). Finally, within each major basin, an appropriate agency should be identified and resourced to take responsibility for data sharing and coordination, to reduce redundancy of effort and promote collaboration.
Novel Biobased Nonionic Surfactants: Synthesis, Surface Activity and Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency Against Aluminum Alloy Dissolution in Acidic Media
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , El‐Farargy Ahmed F. M. , abdel Halim Essam A. , El‐lboudy Sayed , Ahmed Abd El‐Shafey I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFour nonionic surfactants were prepared from the reaction of propylene oxide with oleic acid, linoleic acid, and the free fatty acid mixture from hydrolysis of jatropha oil. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using IR and NMR spectroscopy. The surface activities of the prepared surfactants were dependent on the polypropylene oxide chain length and also on the nature of the alkyl chains. The nonionic surfactants were evaluated at different concentrations as corrosion inhibitors against the corrosion of Al 6061 aluminum in 2 M HCl solution. The corrosion inhibition tendencies of the surfactants were completely dependent on the fatty acid ratio in the jatropha oil and also on the polypropylene oxide chain length. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the surfactants were correlated to their chemical structure and their surface activities.
A Psychometric Study of the Kinetic-House-Tree-Person Scoring System for People with Psychiatric Disorders in Taiwan
Authors: Li Chih-Ying , Chung Lylnn , Hsiung Ping-Chuan , Chen Tsyr-Jang , Liu Shu-Kai , Pan Ay-Woan 
Published: June 2014

Objective/Background The Kinetic-House-Tree-Person (KHTP) drawing test is widely used by psychiatric occupational therapists in Taiwan; however, very little support has been provided through studies examining its psychometric properties. The aim of the study is to validate a scoring system for the KHTP on a group of people with psychiatric disorders. Methods A total of 66 individuals with psychiatric disorders were recruited for this study along with 53 college students as a comparative group. Each participant completed the KHTP test. Half of the individuals with psychiatric disorders (33 people) completed the KHTP again following a 2-week period. The KHTP scoring system contains 54 items representing drawing characteristics. Two independent raters determined the score of the drawings, with the validity and reliability of the KHTP scoring system being subsequently examined by the Rasch and traditional analysis. Results The results reveal both validity and unidimensionality of the KHTP scoring system, demonstrating acceptable test—retest reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the scoring system's inter-rater reliability was .76, with significant statistical differences found between the KHTP scores of college students and individuals with psychiatric disorders. Conclusion The KHTP scoring system has acceptable construct validity, inter-rater reliability, and test—retest reliability. Because drawing tests have the advantage of expressing nonverbal characteristics, the scoring system should prove to be very useful for those who are unwilling or unable to communicate verbally. This study therefore provides valuable information for clinical application, particularly for the psychiatric rehabilitation professions.
Imaging chronic traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for neurodegeneration
Authors: Little Deborah M. , Geary Elizabeth K. , Moynihan Michael , Alexander Aristides , Pennington Michelle , Glang Patrick , Schulze Evan T. , Dretsch Michael , Pacifico Anthony , Davis Matthew L. , Stevens Alan B. , Huang Jason H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPopulation‐based studies have supported the hypothesis that a positive history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased incidence of neurological disease and psychiatric comorbidities, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These epidemiologic studies, however, do not offer a clear definition of that risk, and leave unanswered the bounding criteria for greater lifetime risk of neurodegeneration. Key factors that likely mediate the degree of risk of neurodegeneration include genetic factors, significant premorbid and comorbid medical history (e.g. depression, multiple head injuries and repetitive subconcussive impact to the brain, occupational risk, age at injury, and severity of brain injury). However, given the often‐described concerns in self‐report accuracy as it relates to history of multiple TBIs, low frequency of patient presentation to a physician in the case of mild brain injuries, and challenges with creating clear distinctions between injury severities, disentangling the true risk for neurodegeneration based solely on population‐based studies will likely remain elusive. Given this reality, multiple modalities and approaches must be combined to characterize who are at risk so that appropriate interventions to alter progression of neurodegeneration can be evaluated. This article presents data from a study that highlights uses of neuroimaging and areas of needed research in the link between TBI and neurodegenerative disease.
Cognitive changes and dementia risk after traumatic brain injury: Implications for aging military personnel
Authors: Vincent Andrea S. , Roebuck‐Spencer Tresa M. , Cernich Alison 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as an important risk factor for the long‐term cognitive health of military personnel, particularly in light of growing evidence that TBI increases risk for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. In this article, we review the neurocognitive and neuropathologic changes after TBI with particular focus on the potential risk for cognitive decline across the life span in military service members. Implications for monitoring and surveillance of cognition in the aging military population are discussed. Additional studies are needed to clarify the factors that increase risk for later life cognitive decline, define the mechanistic link between these factors and dementia, and provide empirically supported interventions to mitigate the impact of TBI on cognition across the life span.
Alzheimer's Disease prevalence, costs, and prevention for military personnel and veterans
Authors: Sibener Leslie , Zaganjor Ibrahim , Snyder Heather M. , Bain Lisa J. , Egge Robert , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBy 2050, more than 13 million Americans of all ages are estimated to be living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the aggregate costs of care will swell to approximately $1.2 trillion. The rapidly climbing number of those affected with AD includes a growing population of aging military veterans affected who may have an added risk for the disease as a consequence of traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, and/or service‐related injuries. The increasing number of individuals, the long duration of disability, and the rising cost of care for AD and other dementia to our society are important public health challenges facing many older adults. These challenges are further compounded by a burgeoning military veteran population that is much younger, with an increased risk of AD and other dementia, and who may experience decades‐long periods of disability and care. This outlook underscores the critical need for investments in research at the federal and international levels to accelerate the pace of progress in developing breakthrough discoveries that will change the trajectory of AD and related dementia.
Military traumatic brain injury: A review
Authors: Chapman Julie C. , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon 
Published: June 2014

AbtsractMilitary mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) differs from civilian injury in important ways. Although mTBI sustained in both military and civilian settings are likely to be underreported, the combat theater presents additional obstacles to reporting and accessing care. The impact of blast forces on the nervous system may differ from nonblast mechanisms, mTBI although studies comparing the neurologic and cognitive sequelae in mTBI survivors have not provided such evidence. However, emotional distress appears to figure prominently in symptoms following military mTBI. This review evaluates the extant literature with an eye towards future research directions.