bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating ReS2 Nanosheet into ZnIn2S4 Nanoflower as Synergistic Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst for Highly Effective and Stable Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Degradation
Authors: Jia Le , Ma Nan , Shao Panpan , Ge Yanqing , Liu Jinhong , Dong Wen , Song Huaxuan , Lu Chunhui , Zhou Yixuan , Xu Xinlong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInspired by natural photosynthesis, the visible‐light‐driven Z‐scheme system is very effective and promising for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutant degradation. Here, a synergistic Z‐scheme photocatalyst is constructed by coupling ReS2 nanosheet and ZnIn2S4 nanoflower and the experimental evidence for this direct Z‐scheme heterostructure is provided by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Consequently, such a unique nanostructure makes this Z‐scheme heterostructure exhibit 23.7 times higher photocatalytic hydrogen production than that of ZnIn2S4 nanoflower. Moreover, the ZnIn2S4/ReS2 photocatalyst is also very stable for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, almost without activity decay even storing for two weeks. Besides, this Z‐scheme heterostructure also exhibits superior photocatalytic degradation rates of methylene blue (1.7 × 10−2 min−1) and mitoxantrone (4.2 × 10−3 min−1) than that of ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst. The ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, transient photocurrent spectra, open‐circuit potential measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal that the superior photocatalytic performance of ZnIn2S4/ReS2 heterostructure is mostly attributed to its broad and strong visible‐light absorption, effective separation of charge carrier, and improved redox ability. This work provides a promising nanostructure design of a visible‐light‐driven Z‐scheme heterostructure to simultaneously promote photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activity.
Comprehensive Investigation of the Crystal Structure of Cation‐Disordered Li3VO4 as a High‐Rate Anode Material: Unveiling the Dichotomy between Order and Disorder
Authors: Matsumura Keisuke , Rozier Patrick , Iwama Etsuro , Ohara Koji , Orikasa Yuki , Naoi Wako , Simon Patrice , Naoi Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates mechanochemical synthesis and cation‐disordering mechanism of wurtzite‐type Li3VO4 (LVO), highlighting its promise as a high‐performance anode material for lithium‐ion batteries and hybrid supercapacitors. Mechanochemical treatment of pristine LVO using a high‐energy ball mill results in a “pure cation‐disordered” LVO phase, allowing for meticulous analysis of cation arrangement. The X‐ray and neutron diffraction study demonstrates progressive loss of order in LVO crystal with increasing milling duration. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals disrupted lattice fringes, indicating cationic misalignment. Pair‐distribution function analysis confirms loss of cation arrangements and the presence of short‐range order. Combination of these multiple analytical techniques achieves a comprehensive understanding of cation regularity and clearly demonstrates order/disorder dichotomy in cation‐disordered materials, ranging from short (<8 Å) to middle‐long range (8–30 Å), using an integrated superstructure model of the cation‐disordered LVO crystals. Electrochemical testing reveals that mechanochemically treated LVO exhibits superior rate capability, with a 70% capacity retention at a high current density of 50C‐rate. Lithium diffusion coefficient measurements demonstrate enhanced lithium‐ion mobility in the mechanochemically treated LVO, attributed to cation‐disordering effect. These findings provide valuable insights into mechanochemical cation‐disordering in LVO, presenting its potential as an efficient anode material for lithium‐ion–based electrochemical energy storage.
Inhibited superoxide‐induced halide oxidation with a bioactive factor for stabilized inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Duan Xingxing , Duan Jialong , Liu Naimin , Li Jiabao , Dou Jie , Zhang Xinyu , Guo Qiyao , Wang Yingli , Wang Zhen , Zhao Yuanyuan , Jiang Chi , Li Jinze , Tang Qunwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractActive oxygen highly affects the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to the capacity to either passivate defects or decompose perovskite lattice. To better understand the in‐depth interaction, we demonstrate for the first time that photooxidation mechanism in all‐inorganic perovskite film dominates the phase deterioration kinetics by forming superoxide species in the presence of light and oxygen, which is significantly different from that in organic‒inorganic hybrid and even tin‐based perovskites. In all‐inorganic perovskites, the superoxide species prefer to oxidize longer and weaker Pb‒I bond to PbO and I2, leaving the much stable CsPbBr3 phase. From this chemical proof‐of‐concept, we employ an organic bioactive factor, Tanshinone IIA, as a superoxide sweeper to enhance the environmental tolerance of inorganic perovskite, serving as a “skincare” agent for anti‐aging organisms. Combined with another key point on healing defective lattice, the best carbon‐based all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br solar cell delivers an efficiency as high as 15.12% and superior stability against oxygen, light, humidity, and heat attacks. This method is also applicable to enhance the efficiency of p‒i‒n inverted (Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9)Pb(I0.93Br0.07)3 cell to 23.46%. These findings not only help us understand the perovskite decomposition mechanisms in depth but also provide a potential strategy for advanced PSC platforms.
Cows in the city: How consumer demands sustain urban dairying in the IT capital of India
Authors: Yousefian Neda , Alam Shahin , Ramappa Kumsher Basavarajappa , Schlecht Eva , Dittrich Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpurred by rising incomes and urbanization, the “nutrition transition” in India has led to many dietary changes, including an increase in per capita milk consumption, which has quadrupled since 1970. We examine how changing preferences for milk are shaping consumer demand and the rise in dairy consumption. We focus on urban dairying and milk alternative food networks (AFNs), in which farmers sell directly to consumers. To better understand milk AFNs, we interviewed consumers (n = 95) and dairy farmers (n = 62) in urban (within 15 km) and peri‐urban (15–30 km) areas of the south Indian megacity Bengaluru. Consumers were grouped by location and the type of milk they purchase. Dairy farmers were grouped based on their farm distance to the city center and the breed of cattle they rear: indigenous (Bos indicus) or crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus). We found that demand for farm‐fresh milk is driven by concerns for freshness, quality, and health. In our sample, urban dairy farmers are producing more milk and more frequently cite dairying as their sole or primary source of income compared to peri‐urban farmers. The role of milk AFNs is thus two‐fold: they allow consumers to know the origins of their milk, and they provide a marketing channel for farmers in the absence of urban dairy cooperatives. While urbanization tends to push dairying to peri‐urban and rural areas, the consumer demand for farm‐fresh milk, as well as the cultural and religious significance of the cow in India, is prolonging their presence in Indian cities.
Hepatic siderosis in a neonatal gemsbok (Oryx gazella)
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Sung , Son Jang‐Won , Yeo Yong‐Gu , Do Sun Hee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis report describes the case of a 5‐day‐old gemsbok (Oryx gazella) that experienced sudden convulsions and tachypnoea on the fifth day after birth. Serum chemistry analysis revealed multiple abnormalities, including hyperammonaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Despite therapeutic intervention to address these abnormalities, the animal succumbed to the symptoms approximately 12 hours later. Histopathological examination revealed iron accumulation primarily in periportal hepatocytes. Infectious diseases were unlikely as the aetiology, given the minimal inflammation observed in the complete blood count and histopathology results, as well as a negative blood culture result. Therefore, we propose alloimmune disease as the suspected underlying cause, leading to hepatic siderosis in the gemsbok.
Adapting to PFAS contamination of private drinking water wells near a PFAS production facility in the US Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina
Authors: VanDerwerker Tiffany J. , Knappe Detlef R.U. , Genereux David P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread groundwater contaminants and are present in over 7000 drinking water wells near a North Carolina (NC) PFAS plant (Chemours). To understand options available to affected residents, we used new and previously existing water quality data to investigate deeper aquifers as alternate drinking water supplies and compared the regulatory responses near Chemours and three other PFAS production facilities with nearby contaminated wells. Data from >100 wells show that GenX concentrations decrease with increasing depth through the four aquifers in the study area: surficial, Black Creek, Upper Cape Fear, and bedrock. This illustrates the extent of vertical PFAS penetration through the aquifer sequence following roughly 40 years of atmospheric emissions. Detailed data on 143 water quality parameters in nine deep wells (two Upper Cape Fear, seven bedrock) revealed only eight exceedances of drinking water standards (one each for arsenic, perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], iron, chloride, and gross alpha, and three for manganese) and nine exceedances of health advisories (all for sodium). Regulatory responses to PFAS contamination of wells in four states included mention of deeper wells as an alternate water source only for nonresidential users in NC and residential users in Vermont. The bedrock aquifer is currently used by some residents and may be a viable alternative to shallower groundwater, though arsenic treatment may be beneficial at some deep wells and long‐term sustainability of the aquifer should be evaluated.Practitioner Points
GenX concentrations decreased with increasing depth in four aquifers near a PFAS plant.
A few exceedances of drinking water standards and health advisories were found in deep bedrock wells.
New bedrock wells could be part of the response to PFAS issues in shallower wells.
In the long term, deep bedrock wells might be a less expensive option for some residents.
Evaluation of mitigation translocation as a management tool to reduce conflicts between humans and American kestrels
Authors: Washburn Brian E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRaptor‐aircraft collisions (bird strikes) pose a serious safety risk to civil aircraft. Even smaller raptors, such as American kestrels (Falco sparverius), can be problematic within airport environments. Given widespread declines in kestrel populations, public interest, logistical and financial constraints, and other factors, managing kestrels at airports presents some unique challenges. I conducted a study to determine which biological (e.g., age and sex of the bird) and logistical factors (e.g., month and translocation distance) might influence the return of American kestrels live‐captured and translocated from 42 civil airports and military airbases within the contiguous USA during 2016–2021. American kestrels were live‐captured, banded, and translocated various distances from the airfields which were then monitored for returning kestrels. I developed a set of candidate generalized linear mixed models (binomial distribution) involving all possible subsets of 4 factors (age, sex, month, and distance translocated) as well as interactions, and used the location where a kestrel was live‐captured (i.e., airport) as a random factor in all mixed models. The return rate of American kestrels was very low (<4% of the individuals that were translocated). I found no evidence that the biological and logistical factors examined influenced return rates or the number of days it took returning birds to be resighted/recaptured. Management programs that use release sites 15 km from airfields would increase program efficacy and decrease implementation costs. There is no scientific information available regarding the efficacy of American kestrel management programs for reducing kestrel presence on airfields thus, these results provide a basis for informing such management decisions.
Unraveling Strong Supramolecular Assembly of a Novel Pyrene Based Hg(II)‐complex: Insights from Hirshfeld Surface, FMO and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) Analyses
Authors: Halder Shibashis , Sikdar Yeasin , Afzal Mohd , Guin Mridula , Konar Saugata 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA rare pyrene‐based coordination compound of Hg(II) [Hg(L)2] (1) (where, HL=2‐((Pyren‐1‐ylmethylene)amino)benzenethiol) was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) analysis. Crystallographic analysis revealed that complex 1 has seesaw geometry with HL coordinated as a bidentate ligand to a metal ion. The role of weak forces like π⋅⋅⋅π and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions in influencing the self‐assembly process appears to be of importance. The electronic structure of the complex was predicted using DFT calculations with mixed basis set. DFT calculated structural parameters are in good agreement with the experimentally obtained parameters from XRD. Molecular reactivity and stability of the complex has been assessed through frontier molecular orbital analysis. Evaluation of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) displays the electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivity sites. The Hirshfeld surface analysis clearly indicates C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions are responsible to extend the supramolecular network of the complex. Analyses of the Finger print plots suggest that H⋅⋅⋅H and H⋅⋅⋅C contacts are major interactions for stabilizing the molecular crystal.
Gendered Vulnerabilities and Violence in Rohingya Refugee Camps in Bangladesh
Authors: Salehin Mohammad Musfequs 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the various vulnerabilities and violence that refugees experience in the refugee camps in Bangladesh. It argues that Rohingya women continue to bear the scars of violence experienced in Myanmar, exacerbated by the patriarchal and traditional structure of the Rohingya community, resulting in shame, psychological stress, and domestic violence inside the camps. Some victims of domestic violence and husbands’ multiple marriages perceive these practices as justified and part of their daily lives, representing symbolic violence. This chapter illustrates how child marriage for girls is used as a negative coping mechanism, while multiple marriages committed by men are viewed as a form of ‘business’. It also argues that access to justice and everyday safety and well-being are gendered. Furthermore, a gendered form of othering is evident, where Rohingya men are constructed as the ‘monstrous other’, while women are portrayed as victims and vulnerable.
Energy-Efficient AI on the Edge
Authors: Witt Nicolas , Deutel Mark , Schubert Jakob , Sobel Christopher , Woller Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter shows methods for the resource-optimized design of AI functionality for edge devices powered by microprocessors or microcontrollers. The goal is to identify Pareto-optimal solutions that satisfy both resource restrictions (energy and memory) and AI performance. To accelerate the design of energyefficient classical machine learning pipelines, an AutoML tool based on evolutionary algorithms is presented, which uses an energy prediction model from assembly instructions (prediction accuracy 3.1%) to integrate the energy demand into a multiobjective optimization approach. For the deployment of deep neural network-based AI models, deep compression methods are exploited in an efficient design space exploration technique based on reinforcement learning. The resulting DNNs can be executed with a self-developed runtime for embedded devices (dnnruntime), which is benchmarked using the MLPerf Tiny benchmark. The developed methods shall enable the fast development of AI functions for the edge by providing AutoML-like solutions for classical as well as for deep learning. The developed workflows shall narrow the gap between data scientist and hardware engineers to realize working applications. By iteratively applying the presented methods during the development process, edge AI systems could be realized with minimized project risks.
Research-based Teacher Education Curriculum Supporting Student Teacher Learning
Authors: Toom Auli , Husu Jukka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoherent research-based teacher education curriculum is of vital importance when educating student teachers for the teaching profession in the academic university context. It is essential that the characteristics and complexities of teachers’ work are comprehensively taken into account in the curriculum. At the same time, the curriculum needs to prepare student teachers to learn an inquiring orientation towards teachers’ work. It is essential that student teacher learning is at the core of teacher education programmes. This means that teacher education should have a clear research-based profile and organising theme, and that its curriculum should be coherent. In addition, pedagogical practices utilised in teacher education need to allow student teacher learning, collaboration with their peer students, active professional agency in a variety of ways, and allow for learning pertaining to taking care of their well-being. Teachers are in a key position in orchestrating pupils’ learning in their own classrooms, as well as in supporting their peer teachers’ learning, promoting pedagogical innovations, and developing schools. Pre-service teacher education should equip student teachers with strong professional agency, which allows them to learn continuously in the profession, support pupils and colleagues, as well as act professionally in continuously changing educational contexts.
Another look at the Matkowski and Wesołowski problem yielding a new class of solutions
Authors: Morawiec Janusz , Zürcher Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe following MW-problem was posed independently by Janusz Matkowski and Jacek Wesołowski in different forms in 1985 and 2009, respectively: Are there increasing and continuous functions $$\varphi :[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$$

φ
:
[
0
,
1
]
→
[
0
,
1
]

, distinct from the identity on [0, 1], such that $$\varphi (0)=0$$

φ
(
0
)
=
0

, $$\varphi (1)=1$$

φ
(
1
)
=
1

and $$\varphi (x)=\varphi (\frac{x}{2})+\varphi (\frac{x+1}{2})-\varphi (\frac{1}{2})$$

φ

(
x
)

=
φ

(

x
2

)

+
φ

(

x
+
1

2

)

-
φ

(

1
2

)

for every $$x\in [0,1]$$

x
∈
[
0
,
1
]

? By now, it is known that each of the de Rham functions $$R_p$$

R
p

, where $$p\in (0,1)$$

p
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, is a solution of the MW-problem, and for any Borel probability measure $$\mu $$
μ
concentrated on (0, 1) the formula $$\phi _\mu (x)=\int _{(0,1)}R_p(x)\, d\mu (p)$$

ϕ
μ

(
x
)

=

∫

(
0
,
1
)

R
p

(
x
)

d
μ

(
p
)

defines a solution $$\phi _\mu :[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$$

ϕ
μ

:

[
0
,
1
]

→

[
0
,
1
]

of this problem as well. In this paper, we give a new family of solutions of the MW-problem consisting of Cantor-type functions. We also prove that there are strictly increasing solutions of the MW-problem that are not of the above integral form with any Borel probability measure $$\mu $$
μ
.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell/embryonic stem cell-derived pyramidal neuronal precursors show safety and efficacy in a rat spinal cord injury model
Authors: Li Mo , Qi Boling , Li Qian , Zheng Tianqi , Wang Ying , Liu Bochao , Guan Yunqian , Bai Yunfei , Jian Fengzeng , Xu Zhi-qing David , Xu Qunyuan , Chen Zhiguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNerve regeneration and circuit reconstruction remain a challenge following spinal cord injury (SCI). Corticospinal pyramidal neurons possess strong axon projection ability. In this study, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into pyramidal neuronal precursors (PNPs) by addition of small molecule dorsomorphin into the culture. iPSC-derived PNPs were transplanted acutely into a rat contusion SCI model on the same day of injury. Following engraftment, the SCI rats showed significantly improved motor functions compared with vehicle control group as revealed by behavioral tests. Eight weeks following engraftment, the PNPs matured into corticospinal pyramidal neurons and extended axons into distant host spinal cord tissues, mostly in a caudal direction. Host neurons rostral to the lesion site also grew axons into the graft. Possible synaptic connections as a bridging relay may have been formed between host and graft-derived neurons, as indicated by pre- and post-synaptic marker staining and the regulation of chemogenetic regulatory systems. PNP graft showed an anti-inflammatory effect at the injury site and could bias microglia/macrophages towards a M2 phenotype. In addition, PNP graft was safe and no tumor formation was detected after transplantation into immunodeficient mice and SCI rats. The potential to reconstruct a neuronal relay circuitry across the lesion site and to modulate the microenvironment in SCI makes PNPs a promising cellular candidate for treatment of SCI.
On Graphs Embeddable in a Layer of a Hypercube and Their Extremal Numbers
Authors: Axenovich Maria , Martin Ryan R. , Winter Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA graph is cubical if it is a subgraph of a hypercube. For a cubical graph H and a hypercube $$Q_n$$

Q
n

, $$\textrm{ex}(Q_n, H)$$

ex
(

Q
n

,
H
)

is the largest number of edges in an H-free subgraph of $$Q_n$$

Q
n

. If $$\textrm{ex}(Q_n, H)$$

ex
(

Q
n

,
H
)

is at least a positive proportion of the number of edges in $$Q_n$$

Q
n

, then H is said to have positive Turán density in the hypercube; otherwise it has zero Turán density. Determining $$\textrm{ex}(Q_n, H)$$

ex
(

Q
n

,
H
)

and even identifying whether H has positive or zero Turán density remains a widely open question for general H. In this paper we focus on layered graphs, i.e., graphs that are contained in an edge layer of some hypercube. Graphs H that are not layered have positive Turán density because one can form an H-free subgraph of $$Q_n$$

Q
n

consisting of edges of every other layer. For example, a 4-cycle is not layered and has positive Turán density. However, in general, it is not obvious what properties layered graphs have. We give a characterization of layered graphs in terms of edge-colorings. We show that most non-trivial subdivisions have zero Turán density, extending known results on zero Turán density of even cycles of length at least 12 and of length 8. However, we prove that there are cubical graphs of girth 8 that are not layered and thus having positive Turán density. The cycle of length 10 remains the only cycle for which it is not known whether its Turán density is positive or not. We prove that $$\textrm{ex}(Q_n, C_{10})= \Omega (n2^n/ \log ^a n)$$

ex

(

Q
n

,

C
10

)

=
Ω

(
n

2
n

/

log
a

n
)

, for a constant a, showing that the extremal number for a 10-cycle behaves differently from any other cycle of zero Turán density.