bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic Embryoid Body-Derived Material Induces Bone Formation In Vivo
Authors: Sutha Ken , Schwartz Zvi , Wang Yun , Hyzy Sharon , Boyan Barbara D. , McDevitt Todd C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe progressive loss of endogenous regenerative capacity that accompanies mammalian aging has been attributed at least in part to alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of adult tissues. Thus, creation of a more regenerative microenvironment, analogous to embryonic morphogenesis, may be achieved via pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and derivation of devitalized materials as an alternative to decellularized adult tissues, such as demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Transplantation of devitalized ESC materials represents a novel approach to promote functional tissue regeneration and reduce the inherent batch-to-batch variability of allograft-derived materials. In this study, the osteoinductivity of embryoid body-derived material (EBM) was compared to DBM in a standard in vivo ectopic osteoinduction assay in nude mice. EBM derived from EBs differentiated for 10 days with osteogenic media (+β-glycerophosphate) exhibited similar osteoinductivity to active DBM (osteoinduction score = 2.50 ± 0.27 vs. 2.75 ± 0.16) based on histological scoring and exceeded inactive DBM (1.13 ± 0.13, p < 0.005). Moreover, EBM stimulated formation of new bone, ossicles and marrow spaces, similar to active DBM. The potent osteoinductivity of EBM demonstrates that morphogenic factors expressed by ESCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation yield a novel devitalized material capable of stimulating de novo bone formation in vivo.
Tissue spray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid recognition of human lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wei Yiping , Chen Liru , Zhou Wei , Chingin Konstantin , Ouyang Yongzhong , Zhu Tenggao , Wen Hua , Ding Jianhua , Xu Jianjun , Chen Huanwen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTissue spray ionization mass spectrometry (TSI-MS) directly on small tissue samples has been shown to provide highly specific molecular information. In this study, we apply this method to the analysis of 38 pairs of human lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue (cancer) and adjacent normal lung tissue (normal). The main components of pulmonary surfactants, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC, m/z 757.47), phosphatidylcholine (POPC, m/z 782.52), oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC, m/z 808.49) and arachidonic acid stearoyl phosphatidylcholine (SAPC, m/z 832.43), were identified using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Monte Carlo sampling partial least squares linear discriminant analysis (PLS-LDA) was used to distinguish full-mass-range mass spectra of cancer samples from the mass spectra of normal tissues. With 5 principal components and 30 – 40 Monte Carlo samplings, the accuracy of cancer identification in matched tissue samples reached 94.42%. Classification of a tissue sample required less than 1 min, which is much faster than the analysis of frozen sections. The rapid, in situ diagnosis with minimal sample consumption provided by TSI-MS is advantageous for surgeons. TSI-MS allows them to make more informed decisions during surgery.
A small, microRNA-size, ribonucleic acid regulating gene expression and development of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage Φ24Β
Authors: Nejman-Faleńczyk Bożena , Bloch Sylwia , Licznerska Katarzyna , Dydecka Aleksandra , Felczykowska Agnieszka , Topka Gracja , Węgrzyn Alicja , Węgrzyn Grzegorz 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA microRNA-size (20-nt long) molecule has been identified in Escherichia coli after induction of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage Φ24B. This small RNA, named 24B_1, is encoded in the lom-vb_24B_43 region of the phage genome and apparently it is produced by cleavage of a larger transcript. A phage devoid of 24B_1 revealed decreased efficiency of lysogenization, quicker prophage induction after provoking the SOS response, higher efficiency of progeny phage production during the lytic cycle and less efficient adsorption on the host cells. Expression of most of phage genes was drastically increased after infection of E. coli by the Φ24BΔ24B_1 phage. Since 24B_1 may impair expression of the d_ant gene, coding for an anti-repressor, these results may explain the mechanism of regulations of the physiological processes by this small RNA due to impaired activity of the cI repressor and changed expression of vast majority of phage genes. To our knowledge, this is the first example of functional microRNA-size molecule in bacterial cells.
High Maternal Serum Estradiol Levels Induce Dyslipidemia in Human Newborns via a Hepatic HMGCR Estrogen Response Element
Authors: Meng Ye , Lv Ping-Ping , Ding Guo-Lian , Yu Tian-Tian , Liu Ye , Shen Yan , Hu Xiao-Ling , Lin Xian-Hua , Tian Shen , Lv Min , Song Yang , Guo Meng-Xi , Ke Zhang-Hong , Xu Hong , Sheng Jian-Zhong , Shi Feng-Tao , Huang He-Feng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhile the intrauterine environment is essential for the health of offspring, the impact of high maternal serum estradiol (E2) on lipid metabolism in offspring and the mechanisms are unknown. We found that ovarian stimulation (OS) could result in high E2 levels in women throughout pregnancy. Strikingly, their newborns showed elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels that were positively related with E2 in newborns. In vitro, E2 dose-dependently stimulated TC and LDL-C secretion and increased expression of the cholesterol synthesis rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in HepG2 cells and mouse fetal hepatocytes. In vivo, high maternal E2 was detected and fetal livers also showed significantly higher HMGCR expression in an OS mouse model. Notably, an estrogen response element (ERE) was identified in the HMGCR promoter, indicating that high maternal serum E2 could up-regulate HMGCR expression in fetal hepatocytes via an ERE that in turn induces elevated levels of TC and LDL-C in offspring. Conclusion: OS can induce a high maternal E2 environment, which up-regulates HMGCR expression in fetal hepatocytes via an ERE in the promoter and induces elevated levels of TC and LDL-C in newborns that may be related to increased risk of metabolic disease in adulthood.
Comprehensive analysis of the T-cell receptor beta chain gene in rhesus monkey by high throughput sequencing
Authors: Li Zhoufang , Liu Guangjie , Tong Yin , Zhang Meng , Xu Ying , Qin Li , Wang Zhanhui , Chen Xiaoping , He Jiankui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractProfiling immune repertoires by high throughput sequencing enhances our understanding of immune system complexity and immune-related diseases in humans. Previously, cloning and Sanger sequencing identified limited numbers of T cell receptor (TCR) nucleotide sequences in rhesus monkeys, thus their full immune repertoire is unknown. We applied multiplex PCR and Illumina high throughput sequencing to study the TCRβ of rhesus monkeys. We identified 1.26 million TCRβ sequences corresponding to 643,570 unique TCRβ sequences and 270,557 unique complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) gene sequences. Precise measurements of CDR3 length distribution, CDR3 amino acid distribution, length distribution of N nucleotide of junctional region and TCRV and TCRJ gene usage preferences were performed. A comprehensive profile of rhesus monkey immune repertoire might aid human infectious disease studies using rhesus monkeys.
Identification of enzymes involved in SUMOylation in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Ye Kaiqin , Zhang Xuecheng , Ni Jun , Liao Shanhui , Tu Xiaoming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSmall ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), a reversible post-translational protein modifier, plays important roles in diverse cellular mechanisms. Three enzymes, E1 (activating enzyme), E2 (conjugating enzyme) and E3 (ligase), are involved in SUMO modification. SUMOylation system and process in higher eukaryotes have been well studied. However, in protozoa, such as Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei), these remain poorly understood. Herein, we identified the E1 (TbAos1/TbUba2) and E2 (TbUbc9) enzymes of SUMOylation pathway in T. brucei by sequence analysis and GST pull-down assay. Furthermore, we successfully reconstructed the SUMOylation system in vitro with recombinant enzymes. Using this system, the active site of TbUba2 and TbUbc9 was revealed to be located at Cys343 and Cys132, respectively and a centrin homologue (TbCentrin3) was identified to be a target of SUMOylation in T. brucei. Altogether, our results demonstrate that TbAos1/TbUba2 and TbUbc9 are the bona fide E1 and E2 enzymes of the SUMOylation system in T. brucei.
Structure and mechanism of an antibiotics-synthesizing 3-hydroxykynurenine C-methyltransferase
Authors: Chen Sheng-Chia , Huang Chi-Hung , Lai Shu-Jung , Liu Jai-Shin , Fu Pin-Kuei , Tseng Shih-Ting , Yang Chia Shin , Lai Mei-Chin , Ko Tzu-Ping , Chen Yeh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractStreptosporangium sibiricum SibL catalyzes the methyl transfer from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) to produce S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-kynurenine for sibiromycin biosynthesis. Here, we present the crystal structures of apo-form Ss-SibL, Ss-SibL/SAH binary complex and Ss-SibL/SAH/3-HK ternary complex. Ss-SibL is a homodimer. Each subunit comprises a helical N-terminal domain and a Rossmann-fold C-terminal domain. SAM (or SAH) binding alone results in domain movements, suggesting a two-step catalytic cycle. Analyses of the enzyme-ligand interactions and further mutant studies support a mechanism in which Tyr134 serves as the principal base in the transferase reaction of methyl group from SAM to 3-HK.
Functional Role of Histidine in the Conserved His-x-Asp Motif in the Catalytic Core of Protein Kinases
Authors: Zhang Lun , Wang Jian-Chuan , Hou Li , Cao Peng-Rong , Wu Li , Zhang Qian-Sen , Yang Huai-Yu , Zang Yi , Ding Jian-Ping , Li Jia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe His-x-Asp (HxD) motif is one of the most conserved structural components of the catalytic core of protein kinases; however, the functional role of the conserved histidine is unclear. Here we report that replacement of the HxD-histidine with Arginine or Phenylalanine in Aurora A abolishes both the catalytic activity and auto-phosphorylation, whereas the Histidine-to-tyrosine impairs the catalytic activity without affecting its auto-phosphorylation. Comparisons of the crystal structures of wild-type (WT) and mutant Aurora A demonstrate that the impairment of the kinase activity is accounted for by (1) disruption of the regulatory spine in the His-to-Arg mutant and (2) change in the geometry of backbones of the Asp-Phe-Gly (DFG) motif and the DFG-1 residue in the His-to-Tyr mutant. In addition, bioinformatics analyses show that the HxD-histidine is a mutational hotspot in tumor tissues. Moreover, the H174R mutation of the HxD-histidine, in the tumor suppressor LKB1 abrogates the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of A549 cells by WT LKB1. Based on these data, we propose that the HxD-histidine is involved in a conserved inflexible organization of the catalytic core that is required for the kinase activity. Mutation of the HxD-histidine may also be involved in the pathogenesis of some diseases including cancer.
Capturing the embryonic stages of self-assembly - design rules for molecular computation
Authors: Nirmalraj Peter N. , Thompson Damien , Riel Heike E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe drive towards organic computing is gaining momentum. Interestingly, the building blocks for such architectures is based on molecular ensembles extending from nucleic acids to synthetic molecules. Advancement in this direction requires devising precise nanoscopic experiments and model calculations to decipher the mechanisms governing the integration of a large number of molecules over time at room-temperature. Here, we report on ultrahigh-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopic measurements to register the motion of molecules in the absence of external stimulus in liquid medium. We observe the collective behavior of individual molecules within a swarm which constantly iterate their position to attain an energetically favourable site. Our approach provides a consistent pathway to register molecular self-assembly in sequential steps from visualising thermodynamically driven repair of defects up until the formation of a stable two-dimensional configuration. These elemental findings on molecular surface dynamics, self-repair and intermolecular kinetic pathways rationalised by atom-scale simulations can be explored for developing new models in algorithmic self-assembly to realisation of evolvable hardware.
Recovery and removal of nutrients from swine wastewater by using a novel integrated reactor for struvite decomposition and recycling
Authors: Huang Haiming , Xiao Dean , Liu Jiahui , Hou Li , Ding Li 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the present study, struvite decomposition was performed by air stripping for ammonia release and a novel integrated reactor was designed for the simultaneous removal and recovery of total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) and total orthophosphate (PT) from swine wastewater by internal struvite recycling. Decomposition of struvite by air stripping was found to be feasible. Without supplementation with additional magnesium and phosphate sources, the removal ratio of TAN from synthetic wastewater was maintained at >80% by recycling of the struvite decomposition product formed under optimal conditions, six times. Continuous operation of the integrated reactor indicated that approximately 91% TAN and 97% PT in the swine wastewater could be removed and recovered by the proposed recycling process with the supplementation of bittern. Economic evaluation of the proposed system showed that struvite precipitation cost can be saved by approximately 54% by adopting the proposed recycling process in comparison with no recycling method.
Targeting blood thrombogenicity precipitates atherothrombotic events in a mouse model of plaque destabilization
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Ni Mei , Ma Lianyue , Yang Jianmin , Wang Lin , Liu Fangfang , Dong Mei , Yang Xiaoyan , Zhang Mei , Lu Huixia , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Cheng , Jiang Fan , Zhang Yun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAlthough some features of plaque instability can be observed in genetically modified mouse models, atherothrombosis induction in mice has been attested to be difficult. We sought to test the hypothesis that alterations in blood thrombogenicity might have an essential role in the development of atherothrombosis in ApoE−/− mice. In a mouse model of plaque destabilization established in our laboratory, we targeted blood thrombogenicity by systemically overexpressing murine prothrombin via adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. Systemic overexpression of prothrombin increased blood thrombogenicity and remarkably, precipitated atherothrombotic events in 70% of the animals. The affected plaques displayed features of culprit lesions as seen in human coronary arteries, including fibrous cap disruption, luminal thrombosis and plaque hemorrhage. Treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel substantially reduced the incidence of atherothrombosis in this model. Mechanistically, increased inflammation, apoptosis and upregulation of metalloproteinases contributed to the development of plaque destabilization and atherothrombosis. As conclusions, targeting blood thrombogenicity in mice can faithfully reproduce the process of atherothrombosis as occurring in human coronary vessels. Our results suggest that blood-plaque interactions are critical in the development of atherothrombosis in mice, substantiating the argument that changes in blood coagulation status may have a determinant role in the onset of acute coronary syndrome.
Anterior Reconstruction of C2–C3 Bodies in a 6-Year-Old Patient with a Huge Osteoblastoma: A Novel Technique
Authors: Haghnegahdar Ali , Sedighi Mahsa 
Published: May 2015

Study Design Case report. Objective We report the youngest child diagnosed with upper cervical osteoblastoma and the first case operated on with our novel surgical approach. Methods Our patient underwent a two-stage surgery. During the first operation via a posterior approach, a subtotal resection of a C2 bony mass was performed. C3 was also subtotally resected due to tumor extension. Posterior fixation of C1–C5 was performed by C1 sublaminar hooks and C4 and C5 lateral mass screws. Ten days later, a total resection of the residual bony mass was performed through an anterior approach (between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and carotid sheath). Reconstruction of C1–C3 was performed with C1 anterior sublaminar wiring and an expandable titanium cage. Results Successful reconstruction of C2–C3 vertebral bodies was achieved. At 2-year follow-up, the child was symptom-free. Imaging studies revealed no recurrence of tumor or instability. Conclusion A novel technique for reconstruction of C2–C3 vertebral bodies is demonstrated for the youngest case (a 6-year-old boy) of osteoblastoma in the literature. We recommend this approach for cervical spine reconstruction in patients who have an intact C1 arc and resected lower bodies.
Do Alcohol Advertisements for Brands Popular among Underage Drinkers Have Greater Appeal among Youth and Young Adults?
Authors: Siegel Michael , DeJong William , Cioffi Daryl , Leon-Chi Lucero , Naimi Timothy S. , Padon Alisa A. , Jernigan David H. , Xuan Ziming 
Published: May 2015

Background No previous study has determined whether there are differences in the youth appeal of alcohol advertisements for popular versus unpopular brands among underage drinkers. This paper provides a systematic investigation of the differential appeal of brand-level alcohol advertisements among underage youth and young adults in the United States. Methods We examined 3 issues of 8 magazines popular among underage youth. From the advertised alcohol brands, we selected the ads for the top 10 and bottom 10 brands by prevalence of underage youth consumption, based on the results of a previous national survey. We assessed the ads’ appeal using a sample of 211 students recruited from 1 graduate and 2 undergraduate courses at Boston University. Respondents rated the appeal of each advertisement on 4 dimensions: physical and social appeal, appeal to underage youth, perceived effectiveness, and liking. Using random-effects linear regression, we compared the appeal of advertisements for popular versus unpopular brands. Results On each dimension, the ads for popular youth alcohol brands were rated as significantly more appealing than the ads for unpopular brands. The magnitude of this difference was 0.26 standard deviation for the physical and social appeal score, 0.25 for the appeal to underage youth score, 0.21 for the perceived effectiveness score, and 0.16 for the liking score. Conclusions Advertising for alcohol brands that are popular among youth contain elements that are more likely to appeal to underage youth and young adults than ads for brands that are relatively unpopular among young drinkers.
A Strategy to Characterize the LISA-Pathfinder Cold Gas Thruster System
Authors: Armano M , Audley H , Auger G , Baird J , Binetruy P , Born M , Bortoluzzi D , Brandt N , Bursi A , Caleno M , Cavalleri A , Cesarini A , Cruise M , Danzmann K , Diepholz I , Dolesi R , Dunbar N , Ferraioli L , Ferroni V , Fitzsimons E , Freschi M , Gallegos J , Garcia Marirrodriga C , Gerndt R , Gesa LI , Gibert F , Giardini D , Giusteri R , Grimani C , Harrison I , Heinzel G , Hewitson M , Hollington D , Hueller M , Huesler J , Inchauspé H , Jennrich O , Jetzer P , Johlander B , Karnesis N , Kaune B , Korsakova N , Killow C , Lloro I , Maarschalkerweerd R , Madden S , Mance D , Martin V , Martin-Porqueras F , Mateos I , McNamara P , Mendes J , Mendes L , Moroni A , Nofrarias M , Paczkowski S , Perreur-Lloyd M , Petiteau A , Pivato P , Plagnol E , Prat P , Ragnit U , Ramos-Castro J , Reiche J , Romera Perez J A , Robertson D , Rozemeijer H , Russano G , Sarra P , Schleicher A , Slutsky J , Sopuerta C F , Sumner T , Texier D , Thorpe J , Trenkel C , Tu H B , Vetrugno D , Vitale S , Wanner G , Ward H , Waschke S , Wass P , Wealthy D , Wen S , Weber W , Wittchen A , Zanoni C , Ziegler T , Zweifel P 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The cold gas micro-propulsion system that will be used during the LISA-Pathfinder mission will be one of the most important component used to ensure the “free-fall” of the enclosed test masses. In this paper we present a possible strategy to characterize the effective direction and amplitude gain of each of the 6 thrusters of this system.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 26 Jun 2020 to add an author.
The evolution of popular music: USA 1960–2010
Authors: Mauch Matthias , MacCallum Robert M. , Levy Mark , Leroi Armand M. 
Published: May 2015

In modern societies, cultural change seems ceaseless. The flux of fashion is especially obvious for popular music. While much has been written about the origin and evolution of pop, most claims about its history are anecdotal rather than scientific in nature. To rectify this, we investigate the US Billboard Hot 100 between 1960 and 2010. Using music information retrieval and text-mining tools, we analyse the musical properties of approximately 17 000 recordings that appeared in the charts and demonstrate quantitative trends in their harmonic and timbral properties. We then use these properties to produce an audio-based classification of musical styles and study the evolution of musical diversity and disparity, testing, and rejecting, several classical theories of cultural change. Finally, we investigate whether pop musical evolution has been gradual or punctuated. We show that, although pop music has evolved continuously, it did so with particular rapidity during three stylistic ‘revolutions’ around 1964, 1983 and 1991. We conclude by discussing how our study points the way to a quantitative science of cultural change.
How do Finnish teacher educators implement entrepreneurship education?
Authors: Seikkula-Leino Jaana , Satuvuori Timo , Ruskovaara Elena , Hannula Heikki 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to ascertain how the people who train Finnish teachers implement entrepreneurship education in the guidance they provide. The authors show how learning through, for and about entrepreneurship manifests in the self-evaluations of Finnish teacher educators.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected in spring 2012 with a quantitative survey questionnaire to 100 teacher educators and training teachers for vocational and general education, to rectors and managers.

Findings
– The teacher educators used a relatively large number of the pedagogical models and methods pursued in entrepreneurship education, such as problem based learning, experiential and practical descriptions of situations, and they also encouraged their students to take responsibility and to be self-directed. These can be seen to specifically support learning for entrepreneurship. On the other hand there would still be room for improvement as regards the teacher educators’ guidance through entrepreneurship.

Practical implications
– It would be appropriate in entrepreneurship education to take account of prospective teachers’ authentic experiences of entrepreneurship. For example, in teacher training greater use could be made of practice enterprises, co-operative operations, on-the-job learning and methods such as the Young Enterprise business incubator.

Originality/value
– The European Union places particular emphasis on the further development of entrepreneurship education in teacher training. The study opens up perspectives on what kinds of skills teacher educators impart to prospective teachers who will continue in working life until the 2070s.