bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting outliers in local ionospheric model for GNSS precise positioning
Authors: Dao Tam , Harima Ken , Carter Brett , Currie Julie , McClusky Simon , Brown Rupert , Rubinov Eldar , Barassi John , Choy Suelynn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System fast precise positioning can be achieved with accurate ionospheric corrections computed from an adequate number of GNSS stations in a local region. In low-latitude regions, the presence of electron density gradients over short distances can lead to outliers in the map of ionospheric corrections and decrease its accuracy. In this study, we explored outlier detection in ionospheric correction mapping through statistical residuals during a four-month test in 2021. Our findings indicate that the residuals of the local ionospheric model conform to the Laplace distribution. To determine outliers, we use an empirical rule for the Laplace distribution, setting thresholds at μ ± 3b, μ ± 3.5b, and μ ± 5.8b for data retention rates of 95%, 97%, and 99.7%, respectively. Here, μ represents the location parameter, which corresponds to the median of data, and b is the scale parameter, calculated as the medium absolute deviation. We found that while removing outliers can improve model accuracy, it may result in unavailable prediction due to a lack of data in a spare network. For example, applying a μ ± 3.5b threshold for outlier removal led to approximately 2.5% of recording time having no ionospheric corrections map in low-latitude regions, however, the local model has the potential to improve its mean accuracy by up to 50% for both low and mid-latitudes. Therefore, choosing the appropriate percentile threshold depends on the network configuration and the desired accuracy. Removing erroneous satellite data to improve ionospheric accuracy brings positive impacts on precise positioning.
Make the desert bloom—imaginaries, infrastructure, and water-land entanglement in desert agriculture in Israel
Authors: Shani Liron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Understanding the meaning of land–water entanglement is increasingly important today, in an age of climate change and desertification. Despite the close ties between water and land, literature largely focuses on each of them separately or ignores the attempts to disconnect them. This paper examines the connections and disconnections between water and land in the southern desert of Israel in the shadow of political use and environmental disaster. Drawing on ethnographic research, the paper explores the challenges and successes of intensive agriculture in arid regions, and how water allocation plays a crucial role in making the desert bloom. Weaving between the theoretical framework of 'agricultural infrastructure' and 'water-land imaginations', the paper separates between the different imaginations that enable the various dimensions of the water-land entanglement, the efforts made to expand the connection or disconnect them, and between their political, environmental and cultural realization as infrastructures. Overall, this paper provides insights into the ways by which Imaginations, infrastructures and land–water entanglement shape human-environmental interactions in arid regions and agriculture projects in the Anthropocene era.
Investigating worldwide strong motion databases to derive a collection of free-field records to select design-compatible waveforms for Switzerland
Authors: Panzera Francesco , Bergamo Paolo , Danciu Laurentiu , Fäh Donat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe process of choosing ground motions typically relies on assembling a collection of ground motions that match a desired spectrum. This selection process is guided by specific seismological criteria, including factors like earthquake magnitude, distance from the epicenter, site soil type, and the range of spectral periods that need to fit with the target spectrum. The selection algorithm and the available dataset of waveforms obviously play significant roles in this process. In many engineering and site response applications, it is essential that the input ground motion is representative for the shaking at the free surface of the Earth, and at times also a specific soil type may be required. However, real waveform databases often lack sufficient and/or consistent metadata related to the installation type and soil characterization of recording stations, as well as to the earthquake seismological parameters. This deficiency can lead to the selection of inappropriate waveforms, such as those recorded by stations situated within manmade structures (buildings, bridges, dams) or on a soil type different than the intended one. To address this issue, our approach for creating an appropriate waveform database applicable to Switzerland starts with the computation of seismic hazard disaggregation for return periods of 475 and 975 years. This computation helps identifying the magnitude-distance scenarios most relevant for the five seismic hazard zones defined in the Swiss building code. Once these magnitude-distance ranges are identified, we adhere to established standards regarding the quality control of three-component waveforms and their associated metadata. We assemble a database of waveforms by collating and homogenizing data from available global databases. In the interest of comprehensiveness, we also incorporate data obtained from 3D physics-based numerical simulations of strong-motion near the seismic source. Finally, we employ an algorithm that integrates the Eurocode 8 waveform selection criteria. This algorithm allows us to select and scale waveforms suitable for microzonation and structural analysis studies within each of Switzerland’s five seismic hazard zones. Selecting waveforms compatible with the target design spectra proves to be challenging due to the stringent criteria imposed by Eurocode 8. This challenge arises from the scarcity of recorded waveforms with verified metadata and precise site characterization in the desired magnitude-distance ranges.
The Relations Between Parents’ Beliefs, Parents’ Home Reading Practices, and Their Children’s Literacy Development in Kindergarten
Authors: Wu Qiling , Hindman Annemarie H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Research indicates that parents’ involvement in early literacy, particularly through book reading, matters for young children’s language and literacy development. OBJECTIVE: However, little is known about the nature and extent of family book reading across the U.S. nation or about which factors support parents’ involvement in book reading. In particular, parents’ beliefs about promoting literacy may be linked to their book-reading actions, which can foster their children’s learning.

Method
We investigated several questions using the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten 2011 (ECLS-K) dataset: (1) How are demographic characteristics (ethnicity, SES, and child age) predictive of parents’ literacy beliefs and home reading practices during children’s kindergarten year?; (2) How do parents’ literacy beliefs contribute to parents’ home reading practices during children’s kindergarten year?; and (3) How do parents’ literacy beliefs and home reading practices relate to children’s literacy development during their kindergarten year? We focused on data from Fall 2010 through Spring 2011, spanning the kindergarten year, and utilized descriptive and multivariate regression techniques.

Results
Regressions reveal that parents’ literacy beliefs are linked to their literacy practices, net of the effects of a variety of covariates. In turn, both beliefs and practices are uniquely linked to increases in children’s reading performance over the kindergarten year, demonstrating incremental validity for both sets of variables and reinforcing the importance of both beliefs and practices as part of the home learning environment.

Conclusions
The findings of this study underscore the critical role of parents’ beliefs in contributing to their home reading practices, which, in turn, are positively related to kindergarteners’ literacy development, net of the effects of variety of important covariates.
Swayed by leading questions
Authors: Erčulj Vanja , Šulc Ajda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of leading questions as part of interrogation techniques and the factors associated with the witness suggestibility are well researched in the scientific literature. Nevertheless, literature on suggestibility in intentionally or unintentionally poorly designed social opinion surveys and push polls is scarce. The objective of this paper was to test how easily the public is swayed by leading questions in poorly designed surveys, whether certain group types of respondents in terms of their susceptibility exist, and to investigate the relationship between several demographic and personality characteristics and susceptibility. For this purpose, an online self-administered survey was conducted, containing a block of neutral and several blocks of leading questions about the respondents’ opinions on minority groups. The results indicated that the negative wording in questions was reflected in a more negative opinion on minority groups, while there are differences between respondents in their level of suggestibility. Three groups of respondents exist, i.e., non-suggestible (with no shift in opinion), suggestible (who express a more negative opinion on minorities following the suggestion), and contra-suggestible respondents (who react on the contrary and give a more positive opinion after a negative suggestion). Susceptibility to suggestion is associated with respondents’ age, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and social desirability. The results suggest that contra-suggestibility might counterbalance the error made by the leading questions, at least when more controversial topics are being surveyed.
Evaluating erosion risk models in a Scottish catchment using organic carbon fingerprinting
Authors: Wiltshire C. , Meersmans J. , Waine T. W. , Grabowski R. C. , Thornton B. , Addy S. , Glendell M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Identification of hotspots of accelerated erosion of soil and organic carbon (OC) is critical to the targeting of soil conservation and sediment management measures. The erosion risk map (ERM) developed by Lilly and Baggaley (Soil erosion risk map of Scotland, 2018) for Scotland estimates erosion risk for the specific soil conditions in the region. However, the ERM provides no soil erosion rates. Erosion rates can be estimated by empirical models such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Yet, RUSLE was not developed specifically for the soil conditions in Scotland. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of these two erosion models to determine whether RUSLE erosion rate estimates could be used to quantify the amount of soil eroded from high-risk areas identified in the ERM.

Methods
The study was conducted in the catchment of Loch Davan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Organic carbon loss models were constructed to compare land use specific OC yields based on RUSLE and ERM using OC fingerprinting as a benchmark. The estimated soil erosion rates in this study were also compared with recently published estimates in Scotland (Rickson et al. in Developing a method to estimate the costs of soil erosion in high-risk Scottish catchments, 2019).

Results
The region-specific ERM most closely approximated the relative land use OC yields in streambed sediment however, the results of RUSLE were very similar, suggesting that, in this catchment, RUSLE erosion rate estimates could be used to quantify the amount of soil eroded from the high-risk areas identified by ERM. The RUSLE estimates of soil erosion for this catchment were comparable to the soil erosion rates per land use estimated by Rickson et al. (Developing a method to estimate the costs of soil erosion in high-risk Scottish catchments, 2019) in Scottish soils except in the case of pasture/grassland likely due to the pastures in this catchment being grass ley where periods of surface vegetation cover/root network absence are likely to have generated higher rates of erosion.

Conclusion
Selection of suitable erosion risk models can be improved by the combined use of two sediment origin techniques—erosion risk modelling and OC sediment fingerprinting. These methods could, ultimately, support the development of targeted sediment management strategies to maintain healthy soils within the EU and beyond.
Accessibility, Usability, and Universal Design for Learning: Discussion of Three Key LX/UX Elements for Inclusive Learning Design
Authors: Choi Gi Woong , Seo JooYoung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to provide readers with three critical concepts that can maximize inclusivity of learner experience (LX) and user experience (UX) design: accessibility, usability, and universal design for learning (UDL). Although recent K-12 and postsecondary education have experienced rapid change in its student population with the growing awareness of the equal opportunities for all, general design methods of addressing such diversity across formal and informal learning contexts are still prone to retrofitted changes to predefined instructions in favor of standardization. This is due in part to the limited interpretation of accessibility as the concept for the medical model of disabilities where learners with disabilities are not regarded as users or consumers, but as clients or patients. Moreover, LX and UX have been widely designed with the usability of dominant group in mind while trading off exclusion of those who cannot fit themselves into it. However, accessibility and usability are not mutually exclusive; rather, a truly inclusive learning design (i.e. UDL) comes from the interplay between them. Through the paper, we provide definition and description of each concept and provide practical examples of how UDL principles can be applied to inclusive learning design.
Timing of the repeat thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: does early repeat biopsy change the rate of nondiagnostic or atypia of undetermined significance cytology result?
Authors: Dellal Kahramanca Fatma Dilek , Sacikara Muhammet , Kilicarslan Aydan , Ogmen Berna , Aydin Cevdet , Topaloglu Oya , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether early repeat fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) has an effect on adequate or atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) cytology rates in thyroid nodules with inadequate or AUS result in the first FNA.

Methods
Nodules of patients who underwent repeat biopsy due to insufficient or AUS cytology between 2019–2022 were included. Data of the patients and ultrasonographic, cytological and histopathological results of the nodules were recorded. Additionally, the time between the two biopsies was noted. The first was called “initial” and the second was called “rebiopsy”. Five different paired groups were formed according to the time between two consecutive biopsies; before and after 1 month, 45 days, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months. The groups were compared in terms of adequate and AUS cytological results.

Results
We evaluated 1129 patients with 2187 nodules undergoing FNAB. After excluding nodules with one FNA result and/or missing data, 966 nodules of 628 patients who underwent FNA at least twice were included. Initial cytology was nondiagnostic (ND) in 665 (30.4%) and AUS in 301 (13.8%) nodules. The mean age of the patients was 52.0 ± 11.9 years, and the female sex ratio was 78.8% (n = 495). There were no differences in adequate or AUS rebiopsy results according to the different time interval groups (p > 0.05 for all). AUS result was statistically insignificantly more frequent in nodules with initially AUS nodules when rebiopsy was performed before 1 month in comparison to after 1 month (53.8%, 27.1%; p = 0.054). Accuracy of rebiopsy was also similar in the time intervals groups (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion
In patients with inadequate or AUS initial biopsy, the rate of adequate or AUS cytology results at rebiopsy did not vary with the timing of repeat biopsy indicating that there may be no need to wait 1 month for a repeat biopsy. In patients with suspicious nodules, biopsy might be repeated before 1 month.
The Role of the Intestinal Flora and Its Derivatives in Neurocognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review from Surgical Perspective
Authors: Huang Jian , Qin Tian-Shou , Bo Yun , Li Yu-Jin , Liu Rong-Sheng , Yu Yang , Li Xiao-Dong , He Jin-Can , Ma Ai-Xin , Tao Da-Peng , Ren Wen-Jun , Peng Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction is a significant concern for population health, impacting postoperative recovery and increasing the financial burden on patients. With an increasing number of surgical procedures being performed, the prevention and management of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction have garnered significant attention. While factors such as age, lifestyle, genetics, and education are known to influence the development of cognitive dysfunction, recent research has highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in neurological health. An increased abundance of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota can trigger and worsen neuroinflammation, neuronal cell damage, and impaired cellular autophagy. Moreover, the inflammation-promoting gut microbiota can disrupt immune function, impair neuroautophagy, and affect the production and circulation of extracellular vesicles and neurotransmitters. These factors collectively play a role in the onset and advancement of cognitive impairment. This narrative review delves into the molecular mechanisms through which gut microbiota and their derivatives contribute to cognitive impairment, focusing on the impact of anesthesia surgery, changes in gut microbial populations, and perioperative cognitive impairment associations. The study suggests that alterations in the abundance of various bacterial species and their metabolites pre- and post-surgery may be linked to postoperative cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the potential of probiotics or prebiotics in addressing cognitive impairment is discussed, offering a promising avenue for investigating the treatment of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
Effect of Nitrogen on the Precipitation and Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of High Nitrogen 316SS Weld
Authors: Mannepalli Srinivas , Anne Ravi Shankar , Ningshen Sublime 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to understand the effect of nitrogen on the carbide precipitation and its influence on pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen 316SS weld. Nitrogen addition to weld reduces Cr availability sites in ferrite and enhances Cr in nearby austenite. Although higher carbon and continuous ferrite with ferritic austenitic mode exist, the changes in the degree of sensitisation were avoided at all the stages, and marginal changes in pitting potential (Epit) at 898 K/100 h and 998 K/24 h were observed. Nitrogen addition to weld further reduced the number of stable pits in ferrite and austenite, and the protectiveness of passive film was affected by nitrogen in ferrite and austenite, which affected pit propagation. This results in stable pits in ferrite and austenite, which affects pit propagation during thermal ageing.
On the Importance of Including Cohesive Zone Models in Modelling Mixed-Mode Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Concannon J. , Máirtín E. Ó. , FitzGibbon B. , Hynes N. , Sultan S. , McGarry J. P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The precise mechanism of rupture in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has not yet been uncovered. The phenomenological failure criterion of the coefficient of proportionality between von Mises stress and tissue strength does not account for any mechanistic foundation of tissue fracture. Experimental studies have shown that arterial failure is a stepwise process of fibrous delamination (mode II) and kinking (mode I) between layers. Such a mechanism has not previously been considered for AAA rupture.

Methods
In the current study we consider both von Mises stress in the wall, in addition to interlayer tractions and delamination using cohesive zone models. Firstly, we present a parametric investigation of the influence of a range of AAA anatomical features on the likelihood of elevated interlayer traction and delamination.

Results
We observe in several cases that the location of peak von Mises stress and tangential traction coincide. Our simulations also reveal however, that peak von Mises and intramural tractions are not coincident for aneurysms with Length/Radius less than 2 (short high-curvature aneurysms) and for aneurysms with symmetric intraluminal thrombus (ILT). For an aneurysm with (L/R = 2.0), the peak $${\sigma }_{vm}$$

σ

vm

moves slightly towards the origin while the peak $${T}_{t}$$

T
t

is near the peak bulge with a separation distance of ~ 17 mm. Additionally, we present three patient-specific AAA models derived directly from CT scans, which also illustrate that the location of von Mises stress does not correlate with the point of interlayer delamination.

Conclusion
This study suggests that incorporating cohesive zone models into clinical based FE analyses may capture a greater proportion of ruptures in-silico.
Estimating body condition of Apennine brown bears using subjective scoring based on camera trap photographs
Authors: Lacy Hannah , De Cuyper Annelies , Dalerum Fredrik , Tosoni Elisabetta , Clauss Marcus , Ciucci Paolo , Meloro Carlo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe assessment of animal body condition has important practical and management implications for endangered wildlife populations. The nutritional condition of a population can be evaluated in a non-invasive way using photogrammetry techniques, avoiding direct manipulation. This study evaluates the utility of using body condition scoring (BCS) based on the visual assessment of subcutaneous fat and muscle from the body contour as a non-invasive method to quantify body condition in free ranging bears from camera trap photographs. Photographs of Apennine brown bears (Ursus arctos marsicanus), taken between 2007 and 2009 in the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park (PNALM, Italy), were used to evaluate the potential of this technique. BCS assessment was performed on 754 photographs representing 71 independent observations. Forty-eight of these photographs were selected to also score quantitative body ratios using a standardised measure of torso height. BCS varied seasonally, as expected by food availability and brown bear nutritional physiology, and it was also positively correlated to all three body ratios. Our findings indicate that BCS assessment is a good proxy for body condition, and that camera trap data can be effectively used to assess and monitor the nutritional condition of bear populations, such as the critically endangered one in central Italy.