bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A representative workforce
Authors: Murji Karim 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the inter-relationship between target setting, racial categories and racism via the case of a race employment target set for the police. Drawing on and extending public administration and governmentality perspectives, the work explores the shifting politics of enumeration and categorisation within a set of organisational manoeuvres.Design/methodology/approach– The data are qualitative and mainly based on interviews with senior figures involved in managing the organisational response to the target, as well as some documentary sources.Findings– The discussion reveals that both racial enumeration and categorisation are contested rather than fixed, but that debates about it ebb and flow in variable and uneven ways. They are the subject of manoeuvring around the number itself and of what counts as race. This indicates the complexity of governing race targets, which appear set but are made fluid in various ways.Research limitations/implications– The research is based on interviews with senior and prominent figures involved in governance who spoke “off the record”, as described in the paper. These conversations are not in the public domain and the justification for using them is that they reveal the thinking behind the public debate about the black and minority ethnic (BME) target, as well as a process of negotiation and manoeuvring.Originality/value– The BME target has been the subject of considerable media and political attention, plus some academic research. The paper presents a new and unique account of the target as it was implemented. It is of value to researchers interested in racism and policing interested in the organisational background that shaped the public debates about the target.
It's better than stealing: informal street selling in Brussels
Authors: Boels Dominique 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the organisation of informal street selling in the capital of Belgium, its association with formal and illegal selling and the perceptions, choices and decisions of the sellers.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative approach (case study) was employed, including interviews, observations and document analyses.Findings– The results point to different types of informal street selling, which are mainly executed by (illegal) migrants as a survival strategy. The case illustrates the different interrelations between the formal, informal and criminal economy. Notwithstanding the precarious situation of many informal sellers (informal), street selling is preserved by the government as a social safety net. Moreover, informal selling is neutralised by the suggestion that it is a better alternative than stealing or committing crimes which inflict physical harm and feelings of insecurity.Research limitations/implications– The results have limited generalisability, but are theoretically and methodologically important.Practical implications– Implications for migration policy (e.g. more preventative actions in countries of origin, shorter procedures, development of migration regulations accounting for other policy domains, e.g. employment market).Originality/value– The study fills a gap in the literature as there is limited empirical research on informal economy and Belgian informal street selling. Results are discussed in relation to international literature, thus overcoming a purely national perspective.
Evaluating supply chain relationship quality, organisational resources, technological innovation and enterprise performance in the palm oil processing sector in Asia
Authors: Chong Tan Yew , Oly Ndubisi Nelson 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between organisational resources, technological innovation, relationship quality and enterprise performance, as well as the mediating effect of firm–supplier RQ.Design/methodology/approach– A survey was conducted of the palm oil processing sector in Malaysia, consisting milling, refining and oleo-chemical companies. Data were gathered and used to statistically test hypotheses that underpinned a proposed conceptual model.Findings– Organisational resources have a direct impact on RQ, which, in turn, has a direct effect on performance indicators such as financial performance, market effectiveness and strategic objectives. RQ is a mediator in some of the resource-performance relationships, which underpins the genesis of the research undertaken. The mediating role played by RQ in promoting business performance in the palm oil processing sectors, is achieved through translating the effects of organisational resources into improved business performance.Research limitations/implications– The main limitation of this study lies in its cross-sectional nature. A single respondent was drawn from each company, and information from each respondent was obtained only once and at a single point in time.Practical implications– The results offer some suggestions to top management, e.g. on the type of resources to invest in and exploring vital relational issues that enhance performance outcomes and the impact of different sets of resources on relational dynamics.Originality/value– Very little is known about the application of resource-based view in the Asian context, or how RQ affects business performance from the East Asian perspective. By confirming the strong impact of RQ on business performance in the Asian context, the study adds value by providing evidence from the East. The study also makes a contextual contribution, by demonstrating the applicability of the observed relationships among palm oil processing companies from a non-Western, collectivist society.
Entrepreneurship and service innovation
Authors: Oly Ndubisi Nelson 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a special issue on entrepreneurship and service innovation, and to conceptualize the link between entrepreneurial orientation, innovation and entrepreneurship or new entry.Design/methodology/approach– Analysis of secondary data.Findings– Entrepreneurial orientation (EO), innovation (IN) and entrepreneurship are in a vital “triadic connect”, where EO supports innovation in organizations and innovation promotes new entry or new venture creation – a vehicle for commercialization of innovations.Research limitations/implications– There is a need for empirical validation of the linkages proposed in this conceptual paper.Practical implications– This “triadic connect” between EO, IN and entrepreneurship or new entry is a source of or key driver of organizational performance (OP) and competitive advantage (CA).Originality/value– The theorization and schematization of the “triadic connect” (i.e. EO–IN–NE link) and outcomes (namely, OP and CA) is presented.
The relationship between enduring leadership and organizational performance
Authors: Mastrangelo Angelo , R. Eddy Erik , J. Lorenzet Steven 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to replicate previous findings exploring the mediating effect of personal leadership on professional leadership and intentions to cooperate, and to extend the model by examining organizational performance.Design/methodology/approach– Employees from two school districts (one high performing, the other low performing) in New York State completed a survey designed to gather their perceptions of study variables.Findings– Professional and personal leadership are positively related to employee intentions to cooperate, personal leadership mediates the effect of professional leadership on employee intentions to cooperate, and employees in the high-performing organization rated all study variables higher than employees in the low-performing organization.Research limitations/implications– Limitations include predictor and outcome data both collected from the same respondents and all measures collected via survey. Both of these issues raise concerns with regards to common method bias, though actual performance data was gained from a separate source.Practical implications– Managers should focus on developing both professional (i.e. providing direction, process, and coordination to members) and personal (i.e. demonstrating expertise, trust, caring, sharing, and ethics) behaviors to enhance.Social implications– The current study's findings are compelling and supportive of prior research (Mastrangeloet al., 2004; Eddyet al., 2008). Both professional and personal leadership have an important impact on employee intentions to cooperate, and personal leadership mediates the relationship between professional leadership and employee intentions to cooperate. Leaders should focus on enhancing these behaviors in order to positively impact organizational success. Most compelling is the power of personal leadership. A greater emphasis on expertise, trust, caring, sharing, and ethical behavior in teaching and practicing leadership will undoubtedly lead to more enduring leadership.Originality/value– The paper provides confirmatory evidence for the value of the leadership model put forth by Mastrangeloet al.(2004) and extends the model to include other important outcomes. An examination of leader behaviors at high-performing organization and low-performing organization uncovers ways managers can enhance their leadership behaviors.
Does metabolic rate predict risk‐taking behaviour? A field experiment in a wild passerine bird
Authors: Mathot Kimberley J. , Nicolaus Marion , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Dingemanse Niels J. , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Individuals often show consistent differences in risk‐taking behaviours; behaviours that increase resource acquisition at the expense of an increased risk of mortality. Recently, basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been suggested as a potentially important state variable underlying adaptive individual differences in a range of behaviours, including risk‐taking.

We tested the relationship between BMR and risk‐taking in free‐living great tits (Parus major) using experimental manipulations of perceived predation risk. We compared the latency of individuals to return to feeders following control (human) and predator (model sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus) disturbances at fixed feeder locations. We predicted that if variation in risk‐taking is shaped by energetic constraints, high BMR individuals should return to feeders sooner following both disturbance types and show smaller changes in risk‐taking as a function of predation danger.

Higher BMR tended to be associated with lower risk‐taking following control disturbances but greater risk‐taking following predator disturbances, resulting in a significant interaction between BMR and treatment.

Within‐individual changes in risk‐taking as a function of ambient temperature (a proxy for within‐individual changes in energetic constraints) mirrored these results. Lower temperatures tended to be associated with lower risk‐taking following control disturbances, but greater risk‐taking following predator disturbances, resulting in a significant interaction between temperature and treatment.

The effects of BMR and temperature on variation in risk‐taking as a function of perceived predation danger were qualitatively similar, suggesting that energetic constraints play a role in shaping risk‐taking. However, the hypothesized mechanism (energetic requirements directly influence the optimal expression of risk‐taking behaviour) is insufficient to account for the observed negative relationship between energetic constraint and risk‐taking following control disturbances.

We conclude that variation in risk‐taking is associated with differences in energetic constraints, including BMR and temperature, but that the relationship is context‐specific, here high vs. low perceived predation risk. Further studies are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms that could generate context‐specific relationships between energetic constraints and risk‐taking.
The influence of dyadic coping in relationship education for low‐ income racial and ethnic minority couples
Authors: Mitchell Amanda M. , Owen Jesse , Adelson Jill L. , France Tiffany , Inch Leslie J. , Bergen Carrie , Lindel Amy 
Published: September 2014

Financial concerns are stressors experienced by many couples and are negatively associated with relationship outcomes, such as relational satisfaction. Racial and ethnic minority (REM) couples are disproportionately affected by financial stress, as they are overrepresented in the lower socioeconomic bracket. In a sample of 299 low‐income REM couples who participated in a relationship education programme, we explored how financial stress can influence relationship functioning, as well as the mediating relationship of couple coping. The results revealed a good fit between the data and the dyadic model, suggesting that financial stress indicators can influence relationship functioning. Moreover, couples' change in dyadic coping after a relationship education programme mediated the relationship between couple distress at baseline and couple adjustment after the relationship education programme. Implications for the findings and future research are discussed.Practitioner points
Dyadic coping is one vehicle through which relationship education programmes enhance relationship functioning in low‐income REM couples experiencing financial stress.
Processing dyadic coping reactions and behaviour during psychotherapy may serve as a method to build, improve or enhance the couple identity of two partners.
The effects of acute normovolaemic haemodilution on peri‐operative coagulation in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Shin H. J. , Na H. S. , Do S. H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryTotal hip arthroplasty results in substantial blood loss in the peri‐operative period. We evaluated the effects of acute normovolaemic haemodilution on blood coagulation and platelet function in 11 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. We performed acute normovolaemic haemodilution and haematological tests, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) and whole‐blood impedance aggregometry. Blood samples were obtained at three time points: (i) before the initiation of acute normovolaemic haemodilution; (ii) 20 min after completion of acute normovolaemic haemodilution; and (iii) 20 min after retransfusion. After acute normovolaemic haemodilution, ROTEM parameters demonstrated hypocoagulability. Clot formation time of INTEM was increased by 31.6% (p = 0.016), whereas the α‐angle and maximum clot formation of INTEM decreased by 8.1% (p = 0.032) and 3.0% (p = 0.013) respectively, compared with baseline values. Clotting time and clot formation time of EXTEM were increased by 40.8% (p = 0.042) and 31.3% (p = 0.016), respectively, whereas the α‐angle and maximum clot formation of EXTEM were decreased by 11.9% (p = 0.020) and 9.5% (p = 0.013), respectively. The maximum clot formation of FIBTEM decreased by 35.1% compared with the baseline value (p = 0.007). Following retransfusion, ROTEM values returned to baseline; clot formation time decreased and the α‐angle and maximum clot formation increased. There were no significant changes in platelet aggregation during the study. At 20 min after the end of acute normovolaemic haemodilution, the international normalised ratio of prothrombin time was increased compared with the baseline value (p = 0.003). We conclude that acute normovolaemic haemodilution resulted in a hypocoagulable state compared with baseline values and that coagulation parameters returned to normal after retransfusion.
Effects of bariatric surgery on untreated lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Luke Serge , Addison Ben , Broughton Katherine , Masters Jonathan , Stubbs Richard , Kennedy‐Smith Andrew 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a prospective cohort study.Patients and MethodsPatients undergoing bariatric surgery were recruited into the study. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) in men and Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Score Questionnaire (BFLUTS) in women. Serum glucose, insulin and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels were recorded; insulin resistance was quantified using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA‐IR) method. Patients were assessed before surgery, and at 6–8 weeks and 1 year after surgery. Weight loss, change in body mass index (BMI), total symptoms score as well as individual symptoms were tested for statistical significance with correction for multiple testing using Bonferroni method. Linear regression analysis was performed with total symptoms score change at 1 year as the outcome variable and BMI, age, total symptoms score before surgery, HOMA‐IR, glucose level before surgery, insulin level before surgery, change in insulin level after surgery, weight loss and BMI loss as predictor variables.ResultsIn all, 86 patients were recruited and 82% completed at least one follow‐up after surgery. There was significant weight loss and reduction of BMI after surgery (P < 0.001). At 6 weeks, there was a significant reduction in overall symptom score (P < 0.001) and this improvement was sustained at 1 year. Linear regression analysis showed that total symptoms score at baseline, HOMA‐IR, preoperative insulin level and change in insulin level postoperatively were predictive of the change in total symptoms score while the amount of weight loss was not.ConclusionsThe study confirms the improvement in LUTS after weight loss but there is no correlation between the improvement and the time course or degree of weight loss. Rather there is a suggestion that the improvement in symptoms is linked to improvement in insulin resistance seen as a result of both bariatric surgery and weight loss.
Mapping parahippocampal systems for recognition and recency memory in the absence of the rat hippocampus
Authors: Kinnavane L. , Amin E. , Horne M. , Aggleton J. P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present study examined immediate‐early gene expression in the perirhinal cortex of rats with hippocampal lesions. The goal was to test those models of recognition memory which assume that the perirhinal cortex can function independently of the hippocampus. The c‐fos gene was targeted, as its expression in the perirhinal cortex is strongly associated with recognition memory. Four groups of rats were examined. Rats with hippocampal lesions and their surgical controls were given either a recognition memory task (novel vs. familiar objects) or a relative recency task (objects with differing degrees of familiarity). Perirhinal Fos expression in the hippocampal‐lesioned groups correlated with both recognition and recency performance. The hippocampal lesions, however, had no apparent effect on overall levels of perirhinal or entorhinal cortex c‐fos expression in response to novel objects, with only restricted effects being seen in the recency condition. Network analyses showed that whereas the patterns of parahippocampal interactions were differentially affected by novel or familiar objects, these correlated networks were not altered by hippocampal lesions. Additional analyses in control rats revealed two modes of correlated medial temporal activation. Novel stimuli recruited the pathway from the lateral entorhinal cortex (cortical layer II or III) to hippocampal field CA3, and thence to CA1. Familiar stimuli recruited the direct pathway from the lateral entorhinal cortex (principally layer III) to CA1. The present findings not only reveal the independence from the hippocampus of some perirhinal systems associated with recognition memory, but also show how novel stimuli engage hippocampal subfields in qualitatively different ways from familiar stimuli.
Optimizing the molecular diagnosis of CDKL5 gene–related epileptic encephalopathy in boys
Authors: Mei Davide , Darra Francesca , Barba Carmen , Marini Carla , Fontana Elena , Chiti Laura , Parrini Elena , Dalla Bernardina Bernardo , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveMutations involving the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause an early onset epileptic encephalopathy (EE) with severe neurologic impairment and a skewed 12:1 female‐to‐male ratio. To date, 18 mutations have been described in boys. We analyzed our cohort of boys with early onset EE to assess the diagnostic yield of our molecular approach.MethodsWe studied 74 boys who presented early onset severe seizures, including infantile spasms and developmental delay, in the setting of EE, using Sanger sequencing, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA).ResultsWe identified alterations involving CDKL5 in four boys (5.4%) using NGS in one and MLPA in three. Three of four mutations were indicative of somatic mosaicism.SignificanceCDKL5 gene mutations accounted for 5.4% of boys with early onset EE. Somatic mosaic mutations might be even more represented than germline mutations, probably because their less deleterious effect enhances viability of the male embryo. The molecular approach used for CDKL5 screening remarkably influences the diagnostic yield in boys. Diagnosis is optimized by Sanger sequencing combined with array‐based methods or MLPA; alternatively, NGS targeted resequencing designed to also detect copy number alterations, may be performed.
Mid‐ and Long‐Term Effects of Family Constellation Seminars in a General Population Sample: 8‐ and 12‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Hunger Christina , Weinhold Jan , Bornhäuser Annette , Link Leoni , Schweitzer Jochen 
Published: September 2014

In a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT), short‐term efficacy of family constellation seminars (FCSs) in a general population sample was demonstrated. In this article, we examined mid‐ and long‐term stability of these effects. Participants were 104 adults (M = 47 years; SD = 9; 84% female) who were part of the intervention group in the original RCT (3‐day FCS; 64 active participants and 40 observing participants). FCSs were carried out according to manuals. It was predicted that FCSs would improve psychological functioning (Outcome Questionnaire OQ‐45.2) at 8‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. Additionally, we assessed the effects of FCSs on psychological distress, motivational incongruence, individuals’ experience in their personal social systems, and overall goal attainment. Participants yielded significant improvement in psychological functioning (d = 0.41 at 8‐month follow‐up, p = .000; d = 0.40 at 12‐month follow‐up, p = .000). Results were confirmed for psychological distress, motivational incongruence, the participants’ experience in their personal social systems, and overall goal attainment. No adverse events were reported. This study provides first evidence for the mid‐ and long‐term efficacy of FCSs in a nonclinical population. The implications of the findings are discussed.