bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive and critical care nurses patient safety, care quality, professional self‐efficacy, and missed nursing care: Structural equation model analysis
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, nurses' patient safety, care quality, and missed nursing care are well documented. However, there is a paucity of studies on the mediating roles of care quality and professional self‐efficacy, particularly among intensive and critical care unit (ICCU) nurses in developing countries like the Philippines.AimTo test a model of the interrelationships of patient safety, care quality, professional self‐efficacy, and missed nursing care among ICCU nurses.MethodsA cross‐sectional, correlational design study was used. ICCU nurses (n = 335) were recruited via consecutive sampling from August to December 2023 and completed four validated self‐report scales. Spearman Rho, structural equation modeling, mediation, and path analyses were utilized for data analysis.ResultsThe emerging model demonstrated acceptable fit parameters. Patient safety positively influenced care quality (β = .34, p = .002) and professional self‐efficacy (β = .18, p = .011), while negatively affecting missed nursing care (β = −.34, p = .003). Care quality positively and negatively influenced professional self‐efficacy (β = .40, p = .003) and missed nursing care (β = −.13, p = .003), respectively. Professional self‐efficacy indirectly impacted missed nursing care (β = −.32, p = .003). Care quality (β = −.10, p = .003) and professional self‐efficacy (β = .13, p = .003) showed mediating effects between patient safety and missed nursing care.Linking Evidence to ActionICCU nurses' care quality and professional self‐efficacy are essential mediating factors that can bolster patient safety practices, hence reducing missed nursing care. Therefore, healthcare organizations, nurse managers, and policymakers should cultivate care quality and self‐efficacy by creating support programs and providing a positive practice environment. Nurses and nurse supervisors could directly observe missed nursing care in the ICCU to understand its underreported causes.
A Numerical Study of Crack Penetration and Deflection at the Interface Between Peritubular and Intertubular Dentin
Authors: Xu Min , Xu Zhangying , An Bingbing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dentin is a biological composite exhibiting multilevel hierarchical structure, which confers excellent damage tolerance to this tissue. Despite the progress in characterization of fracture behavior of dentin, the contribution of composite structure consisting of peritubular dentin (PTD), intertubular dentin (ITD) and tubules to fracture resistance remains elusive. In this study, calculations are carried out for energy release rate associated with crack propagation in the microstructure of dentin. Crack penetration and deflection at the PTD–ITD interface are accounted for in the numerical analyses. It is found that high stiffness of the PTD plays a role in increasing crack driving force, promoting crack growth in the microstructure of dentin. For crack penetration across the PTD–ITD interface, the crack driving force increases with increasing tubule radius; and thick PTD generates amplified crack driving force, thereby leading to weak fracture resistance. The driving force for crack deflection increases with the increase in tubule radius in the case of short cracks, while for long cracks, there is a decrease in driving force with increasing tubule radius. Furthermore, we show that the competition between crack penetration and deflection at the PTD-ITD interface is controlled by the ratio of PTD to ITD elastic modulus, tubule radius and thickness of PTD. High PTD stiffness can increase the propensity of crack deflection. The microstructure of dentin with large tubule radius favors crack deflection and thick PTD is beneficial for crack penetration.
IndRNN-Based Data-Driven Modeling Integrated With Physical Knowledge for Engine Performance Monitoring
Authors: Xiao Dasheng , Xiao Hong , Wang Zhanxue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Monitoring the whole performance status of aircraft engines is of paramount importance for ensuring flight safety, control system, and prognostic health management. This work introduced an aircraft engine deep learning (DL) model that integrated with engine physical knowledge. First, component networks were established for each engine component (e.g., fan, turbine, nozzle) using the independently recurrent neural network (IndRNN), self-attention mechanism, and residual network. Subsequently, based on the physical spatial alignment of engine components, the data transfer between component networks was determined to establish the whole engine model. Case studies were conducted on exhaust gas temperature (EGT) prediction for two civil aircraft engines and thrust prediction for another two turbofan engines. When processing the actual engine running data, the data augmentation method was invested to address the issue of nonuniform distribution of engine working states in the training data. Compared with three pure data-driven models based on IndRNN, recurrent neural network, and long short-term memory (LSTM), the model introduced in this work demonstrated superior precision in both steady states and transient states. Specifically, the achieved mean absolute relative error (MARE) was 0.54% for EGT prediction and 0.41% for thrust prediction. When adjusting the time-steps, the introduced model showed steadier predictions with minimal MARE fluctuation compared to the three pure data-driven models, enhancing overall predictive stability.
Generative Design of a Gas Turbine Combustor Using Invertible Neural Networks
Authors: Krueger Patrick , Gottschalk Hanno , Werdelmann Bastian , Krebs Werner 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The need to burn 100% H2 in high efficient gas turbines featuring low NOx combustion in premix mode requires the complete redesign of the combustion system to ensure stable operation without any flashback. Since all engine frames featuring a power range from 4 MW up to 600 MW are affected, a huge design effort is expected. To reduce this effort, especially to transfer knowledge between the different engine classes, generative design methods using latest AI technology will provide promising potential. In this work, this challenge is approached utilizing the current advances in generative artificial intelligence. We train an invertible neural network (INN) on an expandable database of geometrically parameterized combustor designs with simulated performance labels. Utilizing the INN in its inverse direction, multiple design proposals are generated, which fulfill specified performance labels.
Dynamic Modeling of Spatially Varying Shape Memory Alloy Unimorph Actuators
Authors: Kennedy Scott , Vlajic Nicholas , Perkins Edmon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Shape memory alloys are a class of soft actuators that can recover strain through a phase change and are capable of biomimetic motion. Despite the advantages of these alloys (e.g., high strength-to-weight ratios, inexpensive cost, and small form factor), their major drawbacks (e.g., limited deformation, complex modeling, and low operating frequency) have limited their practical use. Incorporating these alloys into morphing structures increases their deformation profile but also increases the complexity of modeling. Here, continuous shape memory alloy phase kinetic equations are used to calculate the state of the material and are paired with a dynamic beam model in order to model the dynamic response of these morphing structures. A constant cross section, varying cross section, and series combination actuators are experimentally tested in order to assess the model’s accuracy for varying actuator dimensions. The root mean square errors were 1.60 mm and 1.65 mm for a constant cross section and varying cross section actuator, respectively. Additionally, two unimorph actuators were combined in series and experimentally tested with a payload mass of 10 g and 30 g resulting in an average root mean square error of 1.00 mm and 0.73 mm with a displacement of 21.14 mm and 10.48 mm, respectively. This model proves to be accurate for a variety of actuator configurations and external conditions, which enables shape memory alloy morphing actuators to be more easily designed and implemented in soft robotics and other systems.
Aerodynamic Noise Generated in Three-Dimensional Lock-In and Galloping Behavior of Square Cylinder in High Reynolds Number Turbulent Flows
Authors: Cheng Zhi , Wu Ying , Dowell Earl H. , Lien Fue-Sang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The flow dynamics and aeroacoustics propagation for flow-induced vibration system consisting of three-dimensional flow past an elastically-mounted square cylinder are investigated using the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings method and detached eddy simulation model for the first time. Previous experimental and numerical data are compared with the results obtained by models implemented in this work to validate the correctness of the present hybrid modeling. The representative reduced velocities, spanning from lock-in to galloping regimes of concerned configurations, are chosen for investigation with the Reynolds number fixed at 6.67 × 104. The structural response of the present fluid-induced vibration (FIV) system exhibits the feature of “vortex-induced vibration–galloping instability,” and the pattern of wake dynamics is determined into “wake-locked instability” or “wake-unlocked instability“ based on the specific vortex-shedding behavior. Specifically, the wake dynamics of the FIV system at a reduced velocity of 30 involve spatially concentrated vortex-shedding behaviors compared to smaller reduced velocities, leading to the corresponding higher-frequency components in the pressure spectrum. Furthermore, the enhancement of structural amplitude leads to the increasing energy of acoustics pressure, but structural amplitude is not the only decisive factor in determining the power of sound pressure level. The impermeable surface could provide the turbulence-induced noise source which increases the power of broadband frequency. The phase differences of acoustics pressure fluctuation between loading and thickness noise components will suppress the overall noise energy and the variation of phase differences is correlated to the position of sound monitors as well as reduced velocities.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Bench-Press Training With Light Relative Loads
Authors: Rodiles-Guerrero Luis , Sánchez-Valdepeñas Juan , Cornejo-Daza Pedro Jesús , Páez-Maldonado José , Cano-Castillo Clara , Bachero-Mena Beatriz , Sánchez-Moreno Miguel , Pareja-Blanco Fernando 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study explored the effects of 4 bench-press (BP) training programs with different velocity-loss (VL) thresholds (0%, 15%, 25%, and 50%) on strength gains and neuromuscular adaptations. Methods: Forty-six resistance-trained men (22.8 [4.4] y) were randomly assigned into 4 groups that differed in the VL allowed within the set: 0% (VL0), 15% (VL15), 25% (VL25), and 50% (VL50). Training loads (40%–55% 1-repetition maximum), frequency (2 sessions/wk), number of sets (3), and interset recovery (4 min) were identical for all groups. Participants completed the following tests before and after an 8-week (16-session) BP training program: (1) maximal isometric test, (2) progressive loading test, and (3) fatigue test in the BP exercise. During all tests, triceps brachii muscle electromyography was assessed. Results: After completing the resistance-training program, no significant group × time interactions were noticed for isometric and dynamic BP strength variables. The dose–response relationship exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship pattern, with VL25 showing the greatest effect sizes for almost all strength variables analyzed. The total number of repetitions performed during the training program increased as the VL magnitude increased. Conclusions: The group that trained with high VL threshold (50%), which performed a total of 876 repetitions, did not experience additional strength gains compared with those experienced by the 0%, 15%, and 25% of VL groups, which performed significantly fewer repetitions (48, 357, and 547, respectively). These findings suggest that when light loads (40%–55% 1-repetition maximum) are used, low and moderate VL thresholds (0%–25%) provide a higher training efficiency.
Effects of 6-Week Weighted-Jump-Squat Training With and Without Eccentric Load Reduction on Explosive Performance
Authors: Yi Baoyi , Zhang Liang , Zhang Conghui , Huang Tian , Wang Yang , Zhao Xinrong , Yan Bing , Girard Olivier 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To compare the effects of 6-week barbell weighted-jump-squat (WJS) training with and without eccentric load reduction on explosive performance. Methods: Twenty well-trained male athletes were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). Participants completed 12 WJS training sessions (6 sets of 5 repetitions of barbell back squat at 30% of 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) twice a week over a 6-week period. While the control group used 0% eccentric loading (ie, traditional WJS), the experimental group utilized a 50% eccentric loading reduction with a mechanical braking unit (ie, eccentric load set at 15% of 1RM). Performance assessments, including countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, standing long jump, and 1RM barbell back squat, were conducted both before (pretests) and after (posttests) the intervention. Results: Both the experimental group and the control group demonstrated a significant increase in countermovement-jump height (+6.4% [4.0%] vs +4.9% [5.7%]; P < .001) and peak power output (+2.3% [2.7%] vs +1.9% [5.1%]; P = .017), faster 20-m sprint times (+9.4% [4.8%] vs +9.2% [5.5%]; P < .001), longer standing long jump (+3.1% [2.5%] vs +3.0% [3.3%]; P < .001), and higher 1RM back squat (+6.4% [4.0%] vs +4.9% [5.7%]; P < .001) from pretests to posttests. However, there was no significant condition × time interaction for any variable (all P ≥ .294). Conclusions: Both WJS training methods, with and without load reduction in the eccentric phase, effectively enhance explosive performance. Nevertheless, athletes in later stages of injury rehabilitation or intense training may find reducing eccentric load a more tolerable strategy for achieving similar performance gains compared with traditional isoinertial loading.
Chronobiological Insights in Plyometric Jump Training: Optimizing Sport-Performance Adaptations for Volleyball Players
Authors: Zhu Meizhen , Cui Zhenghe 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of morning versus evening plyometric training (PT) on performance adaptations in male volleyball players. Methods: A total of 30 collegiate national-level young male volleyball players (age = 21.9 [2.1]; height = 186 [4.1]; body mass = 82.4 [4.6]) were randomly divided into 3 groups: morning PT (MPT), evening PT (EPT), and an active control group, each group consisting of 10 subjects. The players engaged in PT sessions twice weekly for a period of 6 weeks. The evaluation of biomotor abilities such as countermovement vertical jump, standing long jump, spike jump, block jump, 10-m sprint, T-test, sit and reach, and Y-balance test took place in the morning and evening before and after the intervention. Results: Both the MPT and EPT groups indicated significant (P < .05) improvements in all biomotor abilities from pretraining to posttraining during both the morning and evening testing sessions. Furthermore, the MPT group displayed greater adaptive responses in the vertical jump (P = .001), standing long jump (P = .023), and Y-balance test (P ≤ .01) compared to the EPT group. Time-of-day fluctuations were the same between the MPT and EPT groups at the pretest. Conversely, EPT demonstrated significantly more daytime variations than MPT in the jump, sprint, and balance tests at postintervention (P < .05). Conclusion: Engaging in PT at specific times of the day has a significant impact on biomotor ability adaptations, with a focus on morning being more favorable than the evening for achieving greater gains in jump and balance performance of volleyball players.
Use of frozen native feces for fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent
Clostridioides difficile
infection: a simple way to improve the efficiency of donor feces preparation
Authors: Sintes Rachel , McLellan Paul , Navelli Gabriele , Landman Cécilia , Delage Sandrine , Truong Sandrine , Benech Nicolas , Kapel Nathalie , Moreino Sabater Alicia , Schnuriger Aurélie , Eckert Catherine , Bleibtreu Alexandre , Joly Anne-Christine , Sokol Harry 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Preparing fecal microbiota transplants immediately after donation is resource-intensive, and a proportion are destroyed following abnormal screening results. We retrospectively compared two processes, frozen fecal preparation (FFP) and fresh native frozen preparation (FNFP), for clinical efficacy in the treatment of recurrent
Clostridioides difficile
infection (rCDI). FFP and FNFP were similarly effective with clinical success rates of 76.7% and 86.7% (
P
= 0.32), respectively. FNFP is an efficient procedure that saves resources while maintaining clinical efficacy in rCDI.
Unraveling the distribution pattern and driving forces of soil microorganisms under geographic barriers
Authors: Rao Gu , Song Wen-Long , Yan Shu-Zhen , Chen Shuang-Lin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) in northern China are forest regions dominated by coniferous trees. These geographically isolated regions provide an ideal setting for studying microbial biogeographic patterns. In this study, we employed high-throughput techniques to obtain DNA sequences of soil myxomycetes, bacteria, and fungi and explored the mechanisms underlying the assembly of both local and cross-regional microbial communities in relation to environmental factors. Our investigation revealed that the environmental heterogeneity in ALE and GKM significantly affected the succession and assembly of soil bacterial communities at cross-regional scales. Specifically, the optimal environmental factors affecting bacterial Bray-Curtis similarity were elevation and temperature seasonality. The spatial factors and climate change impact on bacterial communities under the geographical barriers surpassed that of local soil microenvironments. The assembly pattern of bacterial communities transitions from local drift to cross-regional heterogeneous selection. Environmental factors had a relatively weak influence on myxomycetes and fungi. Both soil myxomycetes and fungi faced considerable dispersal limitation at local and cross-regional scales, ultimately leading to weak geographical distribution patterns.

IMPORTANCE
The impact of environmental selection and dispersal on the soil microbial spatial distribution is a key concern in microbial biogeography, particularly in large-scale geographical patterns. However, our current understanding remains limited. Our study found that soil bacteria displayed a distinct cross-regional geographical distribution pattern, primarily influenced by environmental selection. Conversely, the cross-regional geographical distribution patterns of soil myxomycetes and fungi were relatively weak. Their composition exhibited a weak association with the environment at local and cross-regional scales, with assembly primarily driven by dispersal limitation.
Signal recognition particle RNA is critical for genetic competence and virulence of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Lin Jingjun , Chong Sook Yin , Oh Myung Whan , Lew Shi Qian , Zhu Luchang , Zhang Xuejin , Witola William H. , Lau Gee W. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus) causes a wide range of important human infectious diseases, including pneumonia, pneumonia-derived sepsis, otitis media, and meningitis. Pneumococcus produces numerous secreted proteins that are critical for normal physiology and pathogenesis. The membrane targeting and translocation of these secreted proteins are partly mediated by the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, which consists of 4.5S small cytoplasmic RNA (ScRNA), and the Ffh, and FtsY proteins. Here, we report that pneumococcal ∆
scRNA
, ∆
ffh,
and ∆
ftsY
mutants were significantly impaired in competence induction, competence pili production, exogenous DNA uptake, and genetic transformation. Also, the ∆
scRNA
mutant was significantly attenuated in the mouse models of bacteremia and pneumonia. Interestingly, unlike the ∆
scRNA
, both ∆
ffh
and ∆
ftsY
mutants had growth defects on Todd-Hewitt Agar, which were alleviated by the provision of free amino acids or serum. Differences in nutritional requirements between ∆
ffh
and ∆
ftsY
vs ∆
scRNA
suggest that Ffh and FtsY may be partially functional in the absence of ScRNA. Finally, the insertase YidC2, which could functionally rescue some SRP mutations in other streptococcal species, was not essential for pneumococcal genetic transformation. Collectively, these results indicate that ScRNA is crucial for the successful development of genetic competence and virulence in pneumococcus.

IMPORTANCE

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus) causes multiple important infectious diseases in humans. The signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, which comprised 4.5S small cytoplasmic RNA (ScRNA), and the Ffh and FtsY proteins, mediates membrane targeting and translocation of secreted proteins in all organisms. However, the role of SRP and ScRNA has not been characterized during the induction of the competence system for genetic transformation and virulence in pneumococcus. By using a combination of genetic, biochemical, proteomic, and imaging approaches, we demonstrated that the SRP complex plays a significant role in membrane targeting of competence system-regulated effectors important for genetic transformation, virulence during bacteremia and pneumonia infections, and nutritional acquisition.