bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reflexive thematic analysis exploring the experiences of undergraduate women in STEM in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Parinda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobally, a significant gender gap is reported in the enrolment of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Bangladesh reports one of the lowest female stakeholder percentages in STEM but has increased demand for skilled STEM professionals. Therefore, this qualitative study explores the experiences of undergraduate women in STEM in Bangladesh. Seven female undergraduate students were recruited using purposeful sampling, and a semi-structured interview was conducted. Reflexive thematic analysis, along with a phenomenological approach, was utilized for data analysis to gain a better understanding of their experiences. The four key themes that emerged were the gendered nature of interactions, the impact of societal barriers, underrepresentation and role models, self-identity, and psychological outcomes. The findings suggested multiple factors like gender-biased interactions in classrooms, lack of access to STEM resources, and lack of female role models negatively impacted students’ academic experiences. Moreover, poor self-esteem in female students contributed to imposter syndrome and heightened career anxiety.
Effect of solvothermal-treated polyethylene on the mechanical properties of sandcrete blocks and concrete
Authors: Odeyemi S. O. , Adeniyi A. G. , Giwa Z. T. , Atoyebi O. D. , Jimoh O. K. , Abolaji B. O. , Jatto H. O. , Abdulazeez A. O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn building construction, seepage and dampness in walls present serious problems since they can cause structural failures and damage in both residential and commercial contexts. Finding more affordable options is necessary as mitigating these problems frequently requires expensive fixes. This study aims to evaluate the effects of solvothermal-treated polyethylene added at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.0% on the mechanical properties of concrete and sandcrete blocks. In addition to assessing the workability, split tensile strength, and compressive strength of concrete samples at different levels of the polyethylene (PE) inclusion, the study looked into the water absorption capacity, density, and compressive strength of sandcrete blocks. The blocks’ compressive strength and water absorption capacity reduced as the amount of polyethylene additives rose, although there was a slight increase in the density. These changes remain well within the Nigerian Industrial Standards’ specified limits. Hardened concrete shows a drop in density, compressive strength, and split tensile strength with increasing polyethylene content, while fresh concrete's workability decreases as the percentage increases. 0.4% incorporation of the treated polyethylene achieved the target strength of 20 N/mm2 while Sandcrete blocks with up to 1% of the solvothermal treated polyethylene had compressive strengths more than the 2.5 N/mm2 minimum required for non-load-bearing walls. About 61% reduction in water absorption was achieved in 48 h by the blocks, presenting a promising and cost-effective solution for seepage-related issues in building construction.
Change of measure in a Heston–Hawkes stochastic volatility model
Authors: Baños David R. , Ortiz-Latorre Salvador , Zamora Font Oriol 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider the stochastic volatility model obtained by adding a compound Hawkes process to the volatility of the well-known Heston model. A Hawkes process is a self-exciting counting process with many applications in mathematical finance, insurance, epidemiology, seismology, and other fields. We prove a general result on the existence of a family of equivalent (local) martingale measures. We apply this result to a particular example where the sizes of the jumps are exponentially distributed. Finally, a practical application to efficient computation of exposures is discussed.
Inherent linguistic preference outcompetes incidental alignment in cooperative partner choice
Authors: Matzinger Theresa , Placiński Marek , Gutowski Adam , Lewandowski Mariusz , Żywiczyński Przemysław , Wacewicz Sławomir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn important quality to assess in others is their cooperativeness. We hypothesized that people use linguistic markers in their partners’ speech as a proxy of their cooperativeness in other tasks: specifically, we predicted that participants would prefer syntactically similar conversation partners as cooperation partners in a monetary game. We found that, indeed, participants preferably selected syntactically similar conversation partners as cooperation partners, but only when the participants could communicate using their naturally preferred constructions. In contrast, when participants were forced to communicate using dispreferred constructions, they rather cooperated with those partners that matched their natural preference than with those that matched their overt linguistic use. This pattern of results was likely driven by participants valuing representational alignment (i.e., being aligned on both linguistic features and their mental representations) more than incidental behavioral alignment (i.e., superficial convergence on similar linguistic features during interaction). This is because representational alignment is a potential indicator of group membership and may be associated with in-group benefits such as reputation, reciprocity and normative behavior. Those benefits may outweigh the benefits of simple behavioral alignment, which could be a potential indicator of others’ willingness to cooperate. This has important implications for communication in intercultural settings where members of diverse linguistic groups negotiate cooperative actions.
Newly Discovered Temperature‐Related Long‐Period Signals in Lunar Seismic Data by Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Xin , Xiao Zhuowei , Li Juan , Nakamura Yosio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLunar seismic data are essential for understanding the Moon's internal structure and geological history. After five decades, the Apollo data set remains the only available one and continues to offer significant value for current and future lunar seismic data analyses. Recent advances in artificial intelligence for seismology have identified seismic signals that were previously unrecognized. In our study, we utilized deep learning for unsupervised clustering of lunar seismograms, leading to the discovery of a new type of long‐period lunar seismic signal that existed every lunar night from 1969 to 1976. We then conducted a thorough analysis covering the timing, frequency, polarization, and temporal distribution characteristics of this signal to study its properties, occurrence, and probable origins. This signal has a physical cause instead of artificial, such as voltage changes, according to its amplitudes during peaked and flat modes, as well as the digital converter status. Based on its relation to the lunar temperature and documents on Apollo instruments, we conclude that this signal is likely induced by the cyclic heater, with several unresolved questions that might challenge our hypothesis. Excluding interference from this newly identified signal is crucial when analyzing lunar seismic data, particularly in detecting lunar free oscillations. Our research introduced a new method for discovering new types of planetary seismic signals and helped advance our understanding of Apollo seismic data. Furthermore, the discovery of this signal holds valuable implications for the design of future planetary seismometers to avoid encountering similar issues.
Earth's Alfvén Wings Driven by the April 2023 Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Chen Li‐Jen , Gershman Daniel , Burkholder Brandon , Chen Yuxi , Sarantos Menelaos , Jian Lan , Drake James , Dong Chuanfei , Gurram Harsha , Shuster Jason , Graham Daniel B. , Le Contel Olivier , Schwartz Steven J. , Fuselier Stephen , Madanian Hadi , Pollock Craig , Liang Haoming , Argall Matthew , Denton Richard E. , Rice Rachel , Beedle Jason , Genestreti Kevin , Ardakani Akhtar , Stanier Adam , Le Ari , Ng Jonathan , Bessho Naoki , Pandya Megha , Wilder Frederick , Gabrielse Christine , Cohen Ian , Wei Hanying , Russell Christopher T. , Ergun Robert , Torbert Roy , Burch James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report a rare regime of Earth's magnetosphere interaction with sub‐Alfvénic solar wind in which the windsock‐like magnetosphere transforms into one with Alfvén wings. In the magnetic cloud of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on 24 April 2023, NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission distinguishes the following features: (a) unshocked and accelerated low‐beta CME plasma coming directly against Earth's dayside magnetosphere; (b) dynamical wing filaments representing new channels of magnetic connection between the magnetosphere and foot points of the Sun's erupted flux rope; (c) cold CME ions observed with energized counter‐streaming electrons, evidence of CME plasma captured due to by reconnection between magnetic‐cloud and Alfvén‐wing field lines. The reported measurements advance our knowledge of CME interaction with planetary magnetospheres, and open new opportunities to understand how sub‐Alfvénic plasma flows impact astrophysical bodies such as Mercury, moons of Jupiter, and exoplanets close to their host stars.
Evolution of the Climate Forcing During the Two Years After the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption
Authors: Schoeberl M. R. , Wang Y. , Taha G. , Zawada D. J. , Ueyama R. , Dessler A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe calculate the climate forcing for the 2 ys after the 15 January 2022, Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (Hunga) eruption. We use satellite observations of stratospheric aerosols, trace gases and temperatures to compute the tropopause radiative flux changes relative to climatology. Overall, the net downward radiative flux decreased compared to climatology. The Hunga stratospheric water vapor anomaly initially increases the downward infrared radiative flux, but this forcing diminishes as the anomaly disperses. The Hunga aerosols cause a solar flux reduction that dominates the net flux change over most of the 2 yrs period. Hunga induced temperature changes produce a decrease in downward long‐wave flux. Hunga induced ozone reduction increases the short‐wave downward flux creating small sub‐tropical increase in total flux from mid‐2022 to 2023. By the end of 2023, most of the Hunga induced radiative forcing changes have disappeared. There is some disagreement in the satellite measured stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) observations which we view as a measure of the uncertainty; however, the SAOD uncertainty does not alter our conclusion that, overall, aerosols dominate the radiative flux changes.
Neurocognitive profiles of 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 deletions and duplications
Authors: Gur Ruben C. , Bearden Carrie E. , Jacquemont Sebastien , Swillen Ann , van Amelsvoort Therese , van den Bree Marianne , Vorstman Jacob , Sebat Jonathan , Ruparel Kosha , Gallagher Robert Sean , McClellan Emily , White Lauren , Crowley Terrence Blaine , Giunta Victoria , Kushan Leila , O’Hora Kathleen , Verbesselt Jente , Vandensande Ans , Vingerhoets Claudia , van Haelst Mieke , Hall Jessica , Harwood Janet , Chawner Samuel J.R.A. , Patel Nishi , Palad Katrina , Hong Oanh , Guevara James , Martin Charles Olivier , Jizi Khadije , Bélanger Anne-Marie , Scherer Stephen W. , Bassett Anne S. , McDonald-McGinn Donna M. , Gur Raquel E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rare recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) at chromosomal loci 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 are genetic disorders with lifespan risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Microdeletions and duplications are associated with neurocognitive deficits, yet few studies compared these groups using the same measures to address confounding measurement differences. We report a prospective international collaboration applying the same computerized neurocognitive assessment, the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB), administered in a multi-site study on rare genomic disorders: 22q11.2 deletions (n = 492); 22q11.2 duplications (n = 106); 16p11.2 deletion (n = 117); and 16p11.2 duplications (n = 46). Domains examined include executive functions, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and psychomotor speed. Accuracy and speed for each domain were included as dependent measures in a mixed-model repeated measures analysis. Locus (22q11.2, 16p11.2) and Copy number (deletion/duplication) were grouping factors and Measure (accuracy, speed) and neurocognitive domain were repeated measures factors, with Sex and Site as covariates. We also examined correlation with IQ. We found a significant Locus × Copy number × Domain × Measure interaction (p = 0.0004). 22q11.2 deletions were associated with greater performance accuracy deficits than 22q11.2 duplications, while 16p11.2 duplications were associated with greater specific deficits than 16p11.2 deletions. Duplications at both loci were associated with reduced speed compared to deletions. Performance profiles differed among the groups with particularly poor memory performance of the 22q11.2 deletion group while the 16p11.2 duplication group had greatest deficits in complex cognition. Average accuracy on the CNB was moderately correlated with Full Scale IQ. Deletions and duplications of 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 have differential effects on accuracy and speed of neurocognition indicating locus specificity of performance profiles. These profile differences can help inform mechanistic substrates to heterogeneity in presentation and outcome, and can only be established in large-scale international consortia using the same neurocognitive assessment. Future studies could aim to link performance profiles to clinical features and brain function.
Pathophysiological role of ion channels and transporters in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Li , Gu Hong , Li Xin , Wang Yongfeng , Yao Shun , Chen Xingyue , Zheng Liming , Yang Xingyue , Du Qian , An Jiaxing , Wen Guorong , Zhu Jiaxing , Jin Hai , Tuo Biguang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has continued to increase annually worldwide, and HCC has become a common cause of cancer-related death. Despite great progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development, the treatment of HCC remains a considerable challenge. Thus, the survival and prognosis of HCC patients remain extremely poor. In recent years, the role of ion channels in the pathogenesis of diseases has become a hot topic. In normal liver tissue, ion channels and transporters maintain water and electrolyte balance and acid‒base homeostasis. However, dysfunction of these ion channels and transporters can lead to the development and progression of HCC, and thus these ion channels and transporters are expected to become new therapeutic targets. In this review, ion channels and transporters associated with HCC are reviewed, and potential targets for new and effective therapies are proposed.
MTGR1 is required to maintain small intestinal stem cell populations
Authors: Short Sarah P. , Brown Rachel E. , Chen Zhengyi , Pilat Jennifer M. , McElligott Bailey A. , Meenderink Leslie M. , Bickart Alexander C. , Blunt Koral M. , Jacobse Justin , Wang Jing , Simmons Alan J. , Xu Yanwen , Yang Yilin , Parang Bobak , Choksi Yash A. , Goettel Jeremy A. , Lau Ken S. , Hiebert Scott W. , Williams Christopher S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUndifferentiated intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and resolving injury. Lgr5+ cells in the crypt base constantly divide, pushing daughter cells upward along the crypt axis where they differentiate into specialized cell types. Coordinated execution of complex transcriptional programs is necessary to allow for the maintenance of undifferentiated stem cells while permitting differentiation of the wide array of intestinal cells necessary for homeostasis. Previously, members of the myeloid translocation gene (MTG) family have been identified as transcriptional co-repressors that regulate stem cell maintenance and differentiation programs in multiple organ systems, including the intestine. One MTG family member, myeloid translocation gene related 1 (MTGR1), has been recognized as a crucial regulator of secretory cell differentiation and response to injury. However, whether MTGR1 contributes to the function of ISCs has not yet been examined. Here, using Mtgr1−/− mice, we have assessed the effects of MTGR1 loss specifically in ISC biology. Interestingly, loss of MTGR1 increased the total number of cells expressing Lgr5, the canonical marker of cycling ISCs, suggesting higher overall stem cell numbers. However, expanded transcriptomic and functional analyses revealed deficiencies in Mtgr1-null ISCs, including deregulated ISC-associated transcriptional programs. Ex vivo, intestinal organoids established from Mtgr1-null mice were unable to survive and expand due to aberrant differentiation and loss of stem and proliferative cells. Together, these results indicate that the role of MTGR1 in intestinal differentiation is likely stem cell intrinsic and identify a novel role for MTGR1 in maintaining ISC function.
Global, asynchronous partial sweeps at multiple insecticide resistance genes in Aedes mosquitoes
Authors: Schmidt Thomas L. , Endersby-Harshman Nancy M. , van Rooyen Anthony R. J. , Katusele Michelle , Vinit Rebecca , Robinson Leanne J. , Laman Moses , Karl Stephan , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Ae. albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) are globally invasive pests that confer the world’s dengue burden. Insecticide-based management has led to the evolution of insecticide resistance in both species, though the genetic architecture and geographical spread of resistance remains incompletely understood. This study investigates partial selective sweeps at resistance genes on two chromosomes and characterises their spread across populations. Sweeps at the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene on chromosome 3 correspond to one resistance-associated nucleotide substitution in Ae. albopictus and three in Ae. aegypti, including two substitutions at the same nucleotide position (F1534C) that have evolved and spread independently. In Ae. aegypti, we also identify partial sweeps at a second locus on chromosome 2. This locus contains 15 glutathione S-transferase (GST) epsilon class genes with significant copy number variation among populations and where three distinct genetic backgrounds have spread across the Indo-Pacific region, the Americas, and Australia. Local geographical patterns and linkage networks indicate VSSC and GST backgrounds probably spread at different times and interact locally with different genes to produce resistance phenotypes. These findings highlight the rapid global spread of resistance and are evidence for the critical importance of GST genes in resistance evolution.
Gradient and curl optical torques
Authors: Xu Xiaohao , Nieto-Vesperinas Manuel , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Yanan , Li Manman , Rodríguez-Fortuño Francisco J. , Yan Shaohui , Yao Baoli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOptical forces and torques offer the route towards full degree-of-freedom manipulation of matter. Exploiting structured light has led to the discovery of gradient and curl forces, and nontrivial optomechanical manifestations, such as negative and lateral optical forces. Here, we uncover the existence of two fundamental torque components, which originate from the reactive helicity gradient and momentum curl of light, and which represent the rotational analogues to the gradient and curl forces, respectively. Based on the two components, we introduce and demonstrate the concept of lateral optical torques, which act transversely to the spin of illumination. The orbital angular momentum of vortex beams is shown to couple to the curl torque, promising a path to extreme torque enhancement or achieving negative optical torques. These results highlight the intersection between the areas of structured light, Mie-tronics and rotational optomechanics, even inspiring new paths of manipulation in acoustics and hydrodynamics.
Discovery of a long-ranged charge order with 1/4 Ge1-dimerization in an antiferromagnetic Kagome metal
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Wu Xueliang , Zhou Shiming , Zhang Jiakang , Yin Ruotong , Li Yuanji , Li Mingzhe , Gong Jiashuo , He Mingquan , Chai Yisheng , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Wang Yilin , Wang Aifeng , Yan Ya-Jun , Feng Dong-Lai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExotic quantum states arise from the interplay of various degrees of freedom such as charge, spin, orbital, and lattice. Recently, a short-ranged charge order (CO) was discovered deep inside the antiferromagnetic phase of Kagome magnet FeGe, exhibiting close relationships with magnetism. Despite extensive investigations, the CO mechanism remains controversial, mainly because the short-ranged behavior hinders precise identification of CO superstructure. Here, combining multiple experimental techniques, we report the observation of a long-ranged CO in high-quality FeGe samples, which is accompanied with a first-order structural transition. With these high-quality samples, the distorted 2 × 2 × 2 CO superstructure is characterized by a strong dimerization along the c-axis of 1/4 of Ge1-sites in Fe3Ge layers, and in response to that, the 2 × 2 in-plane charge modulations are induced. Moreover, we show that the previously reported short-ranged CO might be related to large occupational disorders at Ge1-site, which upsets the equilibrium of the CO state and the ideal 1 × 1 × 1 structure with very close energies, inducing nanoscale coexistence of these two phases. Our study provides important clues for further understanding the CO properties in FeGe and helps to identify the CO mechanism.
Cost-effectiveness of natural forest regeneration and plantations for climate mitigation
Authors: Busch Jonah , Bukoski Jacob J. , Cook-Patton Susan C. , Griscom Bronson , Kaczan David , Potts Matthew D. , Yi Yuanyuan , Vincent Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMitigating climate change cost-effectively requires identifying least-cost-per-ton GHG abatement methods. Here, we estimate and map GHG abatement cost (US$ per tCO2) for two common reforestation methods: natural regeneration and plantations. We do so by producing and integrating new maps of implementation costs and opportunity costs of reforestation, likely plantation genus and carbon accumulation by means of natural regeneration and plantations, accounting for storage in harvested wood products. We find natural regeneration (46%) and plantations (54%) would each have lower abatement cost across about half the area considered suitable for reforestation of 138 low- and middle-income countries. Using the more cost-effective method at each location, the 30 year, time-discounted abatement potential of reforestation below US$50 per tCO2 is 31.4 GtCO2 (24.2–34.3 GtCO2 below US$20–100 per tCO2)—44% more than natural regeneration alone or 39% more than plantations alone. We find that reforestation offers 10.3 (2.8) times more abatement below US$20 per tCO2 (US$50 per tCO2) than the most recent IPCC estimate.