bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces ligand-independent TNFR1-mediated necroptosis in L929 cells
Authors: Saveljeva S , Mc Laughlin S L , Vandenabeele P , Samali A , Bertrand M J M 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cellular dysfunction and death is associated with several human diseases. It has been widely reported that ER stress kills through activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Here we demonstrate that ER stress can also induce necroptosis, an receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)/RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-dependent form of necrosis. Remarkably, we observed that necroptosis induced by various ER stressors in L929 cells is dependent on tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), but occurs independently of autocrine TNF or lymphotoxin α production. Moreover, we found that repression of either TNFR1, RIPK1 or MLKL did not protect the cells from death but instead allowed a switch to ER stress-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, while caspase inhibition was sufficient to protect TNFR1- or MLKL-deficient cells from death, rescue of the RIPK1-deficient cells additionally required RIPK3 depletion, indicating a switch back to RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in caspase-inhibited conditions. The finding that ER stress also induces necroptosis may open new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of pathologies resulting from unresolved ER stress.
Candidate tumor suppressor B-cell translocation gene 3 impedes neoplastic progression by suppression of AKT
Authors: Cheng Y-C , Chen P-H , Chiang H-Y , Suen C-S , Hwang M-J , Lin T-Y , Yang H-C , Lin W-C , Lai P-L , Shieh S-Y 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBTG3 (B-cell translocation gene 3) is a p53 target that also binds and inhibits E2F1. Although it connects two major growth-regulatory pathways functionally and is downregulated in human cancers, whether and how BTG3 acts as a tumor suppressor remain largely uncharacterized. Here we present evidence that BTG3 binds and suppresses AKT, a kinase frequently deregulated in cancers. BTG3 ablation results in increased AKT activity that phosphorylates and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Consequently, we also observed elevated β-catenin/T-cell factor activity, upregulation of mesenchymal markers, and enhanced cell migration. Consistent with these findings, BTG3 overexpression suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenografts, and was associated with diminished AKT phosphorylation and reduced β-catenin in tissue specimens. Significantly, a short BTG3-derived peptide was identified, which recapitulates these effects in vitro and in cells. Thus, our study provides mechanistic insights into a previously unreported AKT inhibitory pathway downstream of p53. The identification of an AKT inhibitory peptide also unveils a new avenue for cancer therapeutics development.
Tamoxifen reduces fat mass by boosting reactive oxygen species
Authors: Liu L , Zou P , Zheng L , Linarelli L E , Amarell S , Passaro A , Liu D , Cheng Z 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAs the pandemic of obesity is growing, a variety of animal models have been generated to study the mechanisms underlying the increased adiposity and development of metabolic disorders. Tamoxifen (Tam) is widely used to activate Cre recombinase that spatiotemporally controls target gene expression and regulates adiposity in laboratory animals. However, a critical question remains as to whether Tam itself affects adiposity and possibly confounds the functional study of target genes in adipose tissue. Here we administered Tam to Cre-absent forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) floxed mice (f-FoxO1) and insulin receptor substrate Irs1/Irs2 double floxed mice (df-Irs) and found that Tam induced approximately 30% reduction (P<0.05) in fat mass with insignificant change in body weight. Mechanistically, Tam promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis and autophagy, which was associated with downregulation of adipogenic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes. However, normalization of ROS potently suppressed Tam-induced apoptosis, autophagy and adipocyte dedifferentiation, suggesting that ROS may account, at least in part, for the changes. Importantly, Tam-induced ROS production and fat mass reduction lasted for 4–5 weeks in the f-FoxO1 and df-Irs mice. Our data suggest that Tam reduces fat mass via boosting ROS, thus making a recovery period crucial for posttreatment study.
Maturation of the HIV-1 core by a non-diffusional phase transition
Authors: Frank Gabriel A. , Narayan Kedar , Bess Julian W. , Del Prete Gregory Q. , Wu Xiongwu , Moran Amy , Hartnell Lisa M. , Earl Lesley A. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Subramaniam Sriram 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe formation of the HIV-1 core is the final step in the viral maturation pathway, resulting in the formation of infectious virus. Most current models for HIV-1 core formation suggest that, upon proteolytic cleavage from the immature Gag, capsid (CA) dissociates into the viral interior before reforming into the core. Here we present evidence for an alternate view of core formation by taking advantage of our serendipitous observation of large membrane-enclosed structures in HIV-1 supernatants from infected cells. Cryo-electron tomographic studies show that these structures, which contain ordered arrays of what is likely the membrane-associated matrix protein, contain multiple cores that can be captured at different stages of maturation. Our studies suggest that HIV maturation involves a non-diffusional phase transition in which the detaching layer of the cleaved CA lattice is gradually converted into a roll that ultimately forms the surface of the mature conical core.
Generation of spin currents by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Uchida K. , Adachi H. , Kikuchi D. , Ito S. , Qiu Z. , Maekawa S. , Saitoh E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSurface plasmons, free-electron collective oscillations in metallic nanostructures, provide abundant routes to manipulate light–electron interactions that can localize light energy and alter electromagnetic field distributions at subwavelength scales. The research field of plasmonics thus integrates nano-photonics with electronics. In contrast, electronics is also entering a new era of spintronics, where spin currents play a central role in driving devices. However, plasmonics and spin-current physics have so far been developed independently. Here we report the generation of spin currents by surface plasmon resonance. Using Au nanoparticles embedded in Pt/BiY2Fe5O12 bilayer films, we show that, when the Au nanoparticles fulfill the surface-plasmon-resonance conditions, spin currents are generated across the Pt/BiY2Fe5O12 interface. This spin-current generation cannot be explained by conventional heating effects, requiring us to introduce nonequilibrium magnons excited by surface-plasmon-induced evanescent electromagnetic fields in BiY2Fe5O12. This plasmonic spin pumping integrates surface plasmons with spin-current physics, opening the door to plasmonic spintronics.
Glucocorticoids mediate induction of microRNA-708 to suppress ovarian cancer metastasis through targeting Rap1B
Authors: Lin Kai-Ti , Yeh Yu-Ming , Chuang Chi-Mu , Yang Scarlett Y. , Chang Jer-Wei , Sun Shu-Pin , Wang Yi-Shiang , Chao Kuan-Chong , Wang Lu-Hai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGlucocorticoids are widely used in conjunction with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer to prevent hypersensitivity reactions. Here we reveal a novel role for glucocorticoids in the inhibition of ovarian cancer metastasis. Glucocorticoid treatments induce the expression of miR-708, leading to the suppression of Rap1B, which result in the reduction of integrin-mediated focal adhesion formation, inhibition of ovarian cancer cell migration/invasion and impaired abdominal metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Restoring Rap1B expression reverts glucocorticoid-miR-708 cascade-mediated suppression of ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Clinically, low miR-708 and high Rap1B are found in late-state ovarian tumours, as compared with normal, and patients with high miR-708 show significantly better survival. Overall, our findings reveal an opportunity for glucocorticoids and their downstream mediators, miR-708 or Rap1B, as therapeutic modalities against metastatic ovarian epithelial cancer.
Co-infection alters population dynamics of infectious disease
Authors: Susi Hanna , Barrès Benoit , Vale Pedro F. , Laine Anna-Liisa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCo-infections by multiple pathogen strains are common in the wild. Theory predicts co-infections to have major consequences for both within- and between-host disease dynamics, but data are currently scarce. Here, using common garden populations of Plantago lanceolata infected by two strains of the pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis, either singly or under co-infection, we find the highest disease prevalence in co-infected treatments both at the host genotype and population levels. A spore-trapping experiment demonstrates that co-infected hosts shed more transmission propagules than singly infected hosts, thereby explaining the observed change in epidemiological dynamics. Our experimental findings are confirmed in natural pathogen populations—more devastating epidemics were measured in populations with higher levels of co-infection. Jointly, our results confirm the predictions made by theoretical and experimental studies for the potential of co-infection to alter disease dynamics across a large host–pathogen metapopulation.
An injured tissue affects the opposite intact peritoneum during postoperative adhesion formation
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuya , Kono Toru , Bochimoto Hiroki , Hira Yoshiki , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Furukawa Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe pathophysiology of adhesion formation needs to be clarified to reduce the adhesion-related morbidity. The epithelial characteristics of the peritoneum suggest a protective role against adhesion formation, yet how the peritoneum is involved in adhesion formation is not well characterized. We microscopically observed an experimental model of adhesion formation to investigate the effects of an injured tissue on the opposite intact peritoneum. Adhesions were induced between injured and intact hepatic lobes and the intact peritoneum opposite to the injured tissue was examined for 8 days. The opposite intact peritoneum was denuded of mesothelial cells for 6 hours and the remnant mesothelial cells changed morphologically for 24 hours. The detachment of mesothelial cells allowed fibrin to attach to the basement membrane of the opposite peritoneum, connecting the two lobes. Moreover, macrophages and myofibroblasts accumulated between the two lobes and angiogenesis occurred from the opposite intact lobe to the injured lobe. These observations indicate that an injured tissue deprives the opposite intact peritoneum of its epithelial structure and causes fibrous adhesions to the opposite intact tissue. This study implies a possible role of mesothelial cells for barrier function against adhesion formation, that is, keeping mesothelial cells intact might lead to its prophylaxis.
Improvement of differential modal gain in few‐mode fibre amplifier by employing ring‐core erbium‐doped fibre
Authors: Ono H. , Hosokawa T. , Ichii K. , Matsuo S. , Yamada M. 
Published: January 2015

The differential modal gain (DMG) in a few‐mode erbium‐doped fibre amplifier (FM‐EDFA) is successfully improved by employing a ring‐core FM erbium‐doped fibre (RC‐EDF). The DMGs between LP01 and LP11 mode signals in the FM‐EDFA with the RC‐EDF are 1.8 and 1.6 dB for LP01 and LP11 mode pumping, respectively, whereas those in a FM‐EDFA with a conventional step‐index FM EDF are 9.2 and 6.1 dB, indicating 7.4 and 4.5 dB DMG improvement for LP01 and LP11 mode pumping, respectively.
Inference for dynamic and latent variable models via iterated, perturbed Bayes maps
Authors: Ionides Edward L. , Nguyen Dao , Atchadé Yves , Stoev Stilian , King Aaron A. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Many scientific challenges involve the study of stochastic dynamic systems for which only noisy or incomplete measurements are available. Inference for partially observed Markov process models provides a framework for formulating and answering questions about these systems. Except when the system is small, or approximately linear and Gaussian, state-of-the-art statistical methods are required to make efficient use of available data. Evaluation of the likelihood for a partially observed Markov process model can be formulated as a filtering problem. Iterated filtering algorithms carry out repeated Monte Carlo filtering operations to maximize the likelihood. We develop a new theoretical framework for iterated filtering and construct a new algorithm that dramatically outperforms previous approaches on a challenging inference problem in disease ecology.
Coastal Distribution and Consequent Factors Influencing Production of Endangered Snake River Sockeye Salmon
Authors: Tucker S. , Thiess M. E. , Morris J. F. T. , Mackas D. , Peterson W. T. , Candy J. R. , Beacham T. D. , Iwamoto E. M. , Teel D. J. , Peterson M. , Trudel M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSnake River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were declared endangered in 1991 after several years of decreasing abundance. Several factors, including poor marine survival, likely contributed to the decline of Snake River Sockeye Salmon. Little is known about their migration and ocean distribution and the factors influencing their production. We sampled (1) coastal waters from southern British Columbia (BC) to southeast Alaska during June–July, October–November, and February–March 1998–2011; and (2) Oregon and Washington coastal waters during May–June and September 2007–2010. In total, 8,227 juvenile Sockeye Salmon were captured. Despite their extremely low abundance relative to other stocks, 15 coded‐wire‐tagged juveniles from Redfish Lake were recovered since 2007, primarily in spring and summer surveys off the BC coast. Genetic analyses revealed that an additional eight Redfish Lake juveniles were also present in this area during summer. Snake River smolts undertook a rapid northward migration that brought them well beyond the Columbia River estuary and plume, exposing them to ocean conditions prevailing off BC. Through a multimodel inference approach, we characterized associations between the number of returning adults and a suite of ocean and river variables. Seven ocean variables and five river variables were chosen for the model selection analysis (e.g., copepod biomass anomalies, coastal upwelling indices, date of the spring transition, river discharge, river temperature, and the proportion of smolts transported through the hydropower system). Although adult returns were highly correlated with smolt abundance, our analyses suggest that ocean conditions encountered during the first growing season (as indexed by copepod anomalies) contribute to the variability in total adult returns. There was also evidence for a negative effect of transporting smolts through the hydropower system, with the caveat that we used transportation data for steelhead O. mykiss as a proxy.Received April 4, 2014; accepted September 15, 2014
Early Emigration of Juvenile Coho Salmon: Implications for Population Monitoring
Authors: Rebenack Jennifer J. , Ricker Seth , Anderson Colin , Wallace Michael , Ward Darren M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSalmon monitoring programs often measure juvenile production by operating migrant traps downstream of spawning and rearing areas during smolt migration. However, this approach does not account for individuals that move downstream of trapping locations prior to smolt sampling. We used a mark–recapture study with passive integrated transponder tagging to estimate the proportion of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch juveniles, tagged in the fall in a Northern California stream, that migrated to rearing habitat downstream of a seasonally operated trap before spring smolt sampling. Emigrants were detected by using the migrant trap, located near the upstream limit of tidal influence, and continuously operated antennas located in tidal wetlands downstream of the trap. For all three cohorts sampled (2010, 2011, 2012), we identified two distinct emigration periods (not including fry emigrants that emigrated in spring at a size too small to tag): a fall–winter period, when early emigrant parr moved into a restored tidal wetland (early emigrants); and a spring period, when smolts emigrated (smolt emigrants). There was little movement in the intervening period. Emigration timing varied depending on the location in the basin where fish were tagged; locations in the lower main stem generally produced more early emigrants, while locations in the upper basin produced more smolt emigrants. Across locations, early emigrants accounted for 2–25% of the fall‐marked juveniles from 2010, 8–29% from 2011, and 7–13% in 2012. Smolt emigrants accounted for 15–49% of the fall‐marked juveniles from 2010, 13–14% from 2011, and 3–35% from 2012. The consistent occurrence of early emigration in this and other recent studies brings into question estimates of smolt abundance and demographic rates (e.g., overwinter and marine survival) that do not account for this life history variant.Received June 19, 2014; accepted October 23, 2014
Microchemical Signatures in Juvenile Winter Flounder Otoliths Provide Identification of Natal Nurseries
Authors: Bailey David S. , Fairchild Elizabeth A. , Kalnejais Linda H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVariation of otolith microchemical signatures between natal nurseries from young‐of‐the‐year (age 0) Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus were evaluated. Fish were collected in summer 2012 from 12 nursery areas from New Jersey to New Hampshire, spanning >500 km. Nursery specific microchemical signatures were developed using element : Ca ratios, which were determined with solution‐based inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry on the whole otolith. Age‐0 flounder microchemical signatures showed significant nursery‐specific differences and varied on a small spatial scale (about 12 km) based on elemental (Li, Na, Mg, Mn, Sr, Cd, and Ba) ratios. Via quadratic discriminant function analysis, fish were classified back to natal nursery areas with 73% average cross‐validation classification accuracies. Based on this preliminary study, otolith microchemistry has the potential to be an effective tool to assess the connectivity between the inshore nursery areas and the offshore adult populations of Winter Flounder; however, further baseline studies are needed. In particular, between‐year and within‐year variation in the otolith elemental concentrations must be quantified. These elemental analyses need to be linked to specific management needs to be useful to fisheries managers; for Winter Flounder, the ability to rank estuaries by the yield of recruits may help solve estuary‐specific anthropogenic challenges.Received July 11, 2014; accepted October 16, 2014
Long‐Term Increases in Trout Abundance following Channel Reconstruction, Instream Wood Placement, and Livestock Removal from a Spring Creek in the Blackfoot Basin, Montana
Authors: Pierce Ron , Podner Craig , Jones Leslie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo restore habitat for wild trout, Kleinschmidt Creek, a low‐gradient, groundwater‐dominated stream in the Blackfoot Basin, Montana, was reconstructed using natural channel design principles. Reconstruction increased stream sinuosity from a ratio of 1.1 to 1.6, decreased mean channel width from 14.5 to 2.8 m, and increased sediment transport capacity to reduce accumulations of fine instream sediment. To further improve trout habitat, coarse woody debris (CWD) was variably placed within the new channel and livestock were excluded to promote the vegetative recovery of the riparian area. To evaluate the response of wild trout (92% Brown Trout Salmo trutta) to channel restoration, the abundance (number of trout per linear meter) and biomass (g/linear m) of age 1+ trout were monitored for 15 years (1998–2012) in a reach with low density CWD (1.3 stems/100 m) and compared with regional (reference) trends. Posttreatment (2002–2012) trout numbers in the low‐density CWD reach were also compared with those in a reach with high‐density CWD (18.2 stems/100 m). Long‐term trends for the reference reaches showed a significant negative trend in trout abundance and no significant trend for biomass. Long‐term trends for the low‐density CWD reach showed a significant positive trend in abundance, as well as a significant trend in biomass. Trout abundance and biomass increased over the posttreatment period in the low‐density CWD reach. However, in the high density CWD reach, while posttreatment abundance increased significantly, there was no significant trend in biomass. These results demonstrated that channel restoration increased wild trout populations in a deep, narrow, vegetated stream and that instream wood provided primarily short‐term benefits during the early phase of habitat recovery.Received November 26, 2013; accepted October 18, 2014
Varying Effects of Common Reed Invasion on Early Life History of Northern Pike
Authors: Larochelle Mélissa , Dumont Pierre , Lavoie Claude , Hatin Daniel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe invasion of North American wetlands by the Eurasian subspecies of common reed Phragmites australis australis is well documented, but very few studies have been conducted on its effects on freshwater fish communities. Northern Pike Esox lucius is one of several fish species using wetlands for reproduction and early development that could be affected by the spread of common reed. The effects of vegetation type (common reed stands, other reference plant assemblages) were evaluated on four aspects (egg deposition, abundance, growth, and feeding) of the early life history of Northern Pike in two St. Lawrence River wetlands in Quebec. During high water levels in 2009, the relative abundance of Northern Pike eggs was three times higher in the reference plant assemblages than in the common reed stands at the two study sites. In 2010, when water levels were extremely low and few other plant assemblages were accessible by fish, the relative abundance of eggs was two times higher in the common reed stands than in other plant assemblages within the only site available for sampling. In 2009, the relative abundance, length, and weight of age‐0 Northern Pike did not differ significantly between common reed stands and reference assemblages. Growth rate, condition, prey type, and relationship between digestive tract dry weight and total fish dry weight suggested slightly more favorable conditions in common reed stands in some cases or in reference assemblages in other cases (no consistent pattern between the vegetation types). Although common reed is still in the early invasion process in St. Lawrence River freshwater marshes, it does not seem to have any negative effects on Northern Pike early life history. However, little is known about the magnitude of common reed biomass accumulation, making it impossible to predict whether these stands, which are part of an ongoing invasion, will provide long‐term quality habitat.Received March 3, 2014; accepted October 10, 2014