bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System-Wide Hypersensitive Response-Associated Transcriptome and Metabolome Reprogramming in Tomato
Authors: Etalo Desalegn W. , Stulemeijer Iris J.E. , Peter van Esse H. , de Vos Ric C.H. , Bouwmeester Harro J. , Joosten Matthieu H.A.J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe hypersensitive response (HR) is considered to be the hallmark of the resistance response of plants to pathogens. To study HR-associated transcriptome and metabolome reprogramming in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we used plants that express both a resistance gene to Cladosporium fulvum and the matching avirulence gene of this pathogen. In these plants, massive reprogramming occurred, and we found that the HR and associated processes are highly energy demanding. Ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation, hydrolysis of sugars, and lipid catabolism are used as alternative sources of amino acids, energy, and carbon skeletons, respectively. We observed strong accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Coregulated expression of WRKY transcription factors and genes known to be involved in the HR, in addition to a strong enrichment of the W-box WRKY-binding motif in the promoter sequences of the coregulated genes, point to WRKYs as the most prominent orchestrators of the HR. Our study has revealed several novel HR-related genes, and reverse genetics tools will allow us to understand the role of each individual component in the HR.
Haptoglobin phenotype, pre‐eclampsia, and response to supplementation with vitaminsCandEin pregnant women with type‐1 diabetes
Authors: Weissgerber TL , Gandley RE , Roberts JM , Patterson CC , Holmes VA , Young IS , McCance DR ,   the Diabetes and Pre‐eclampsia Intervention Trial Study Group
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe phenotype of the antioxidant and pro‐angiogenic protein haptoglobin (Hp) predicts cardiovascular disease risk and treatment response to antioxidant vitamins in individuals with diabetes. Our objective was to determine whetherHp phenotype influences pre‐eclampsia risk, or the efficacy of vitaminsCandEin preventing pre‐eclampsia, in women with type‐1 diabetes.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial in which women with diabetes received daily vitaminsCandE, or placebo, from 8 to 22 weeks of gestation until delivery.SettingTwenty‐five antenatal metabolic clinics across theUK(in north‐westEngland,Scotland, andNorthernIreland).PopulationPregnant women with type‐1 diabetes.MethodsHp phenotype was determined in white women who completed the study and had plasma samples available (n = 685).Main outcome measurePre‐eclampsia.ResultsCompared withHp 2‐1,Hp 1‐1 (OR0.59, 95%CI0.30–1.16) andHp 2‐2 (OR0.93, 95%CI0.60–1.45) were not associated with significantly decreased pre‐eclampsia risk after adjusting for treatment group andHbA1c at randomisation. Our study was not powered to detect an interaction betweenHp phenotype and treatment response; however, our preliminary analysis suggests that vitaminsCandEdid not prevent pre‐eclampsia in women of anyHp phenotype (Hp 1‐1,OR0.77, 95%CI0.22–2.71;Hp 2‐1,OR0.81, 95%CI0.46–1.43;Hp 2‐2, 0.67, 95%CI0.34–1.33), after adjusting forHbA1c at randomisation.ConclusionsTheHp phenotype did not significantly affect pre‐eclampsia risk in women with type‐1 diabetes.
Identification of chloroplast genome loci suitable for high‐resolution phylogeographic studies of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae) and closely related taxa
Authors: Ahmed Ibrar , Matthews Peter J. , Biggs Patrick J. , Naeem Muhammad , McLenachan Patricia A. , Lockhart Peter J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecently, we reported the chloroplast genome‐wide association of oligonucleotide repeats, indels and nucleotide substitutions in aroid chloroplast genomes. We hypothesized that the distribution of oligonucleotide repeat sequences in a single representative genome can be used to identify mutational hotspots and loci suitable for population genetic, phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. Using information on the location of oligonucleotide repeats in the chloroplast genome of taro (Colocasia esculenta), we designed 30 primer pairs to amplify and sequence polymorphic loci. The primers have been tested in a range of intra‐specific to intergeneric comparisons, including ten taro samples (Colocasia esculenta) from diverse geographical locations, four other Colocasia species (C. affinis, C. fallax, C. formosana, C. gigantea) and three other aroid genera (represented by Remusatia vivipara, Alocasia brisbanensis and Amorphophallus konjac). Multiple sequence alignments for the intra‐specific comparison revealed nucleotide substitutions (point mutations) at all 30 loci and microsatellite polymorphisms at 14 loci. The primer pairs reported here reveal levels of genetic variation suitable for high‐resolution phylogeographic and evolutionary studies of taro and other closely related aroids. Our results confirm that information on repeat distribution can be used to identify loci suitable for such studies, and we expect that this approach can be used in other plant groups.
Using acellular aortic matrix to repair umbilical hernias of calves
Authors: Kumar V , Kumar N , Gangwar AK , Saxena AC 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundUmbilical hernias are a relatively common, possibly hereditary, condition in calves. Acellular aortic matrix (AAM) was evaluated for the repair of umbilical hernias in nine calves.MethodsFresh buffalo aorta to be used as a graft was decellularised using 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.25% trypsin. Under xylazine sedation and local analgesia, the hernial ring was exposed and repaired with theAAMgraft using an inlay technique.ResultsAll animals had an uneventful recovery without clinical signs of wound dehiscence, infection or recurrence of hernias during the 6‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionAAMof buffalo origin has adequate strength to be used safely for the repair of umbilical hernias in calves.
Grandparents' entitlements and obligations
Authors: Draper Heather 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this article, it is argued that grandparents' obligations originate from parental obligations (i.e from the relationship they have with their children, the parents of their grandchildren) and not from the role of grandparent per se, and any entitlements flow from the extent to which these obligations are met. The position defended is, therefore, that grandparents qua grandparents are not entitled to form or continue relationships with their grandchildren. A continuation of grandparent‐grandchildren relationships may be in the interests of children, but the grandparental nature of the relationship is not decisive. What counts is the extent to which relationships children have with any adults who are not their parents are is significant to them. Sometimes, however, grandparents become parents or co‐parents of their grandchildren. They then gain parental rights, and as such are as entitled, ceteris parius, as any parent to expect their relationship with the child to continue. The issue of grandparents' entitlements can come to the fore when parents separate, and grandparents are unhappy with the access they have to their grandchildren. Grandparents' obligations may become a particular issue when parents die, struggle, or fail to care for their children. This article focuses particularly on these kinds of circumstances.
Climate Change is a Bioethics Problem
Authors: Macpherson Cheryl Cox 
Published: May 2013

AbstractClimate change harms health and damages and diminishes environmental resources. Gradually it will cause health systems to reduce services, standards of care, and opportunities to express patient autonomy. Prominent public health organizations are responding with preparedness, mitigation, and educational programs. The design and effectiveness of these programs, and of similar programs in other sectors, would be enhanced by greater understanding of the values and tradeoffs associated with activities and public policies that drive climate change. Bioethics could generate such understanding by exposing the harms and benefits in different cultural, socioeconomic, and geographic contexts, and through interdisciplinary risk assessments. Climate change is a bioethics problem because it harms everyone and involves health, values, and responsibilities. This article initiates dialog about the responsibility of bioethics to promote transparency and understanding of the social values and conflicts associated with climate change, and the actions and public policies that allow climate change to worsen.
The New Genetics and Informed Consent: Differentiating Choice to Preserve Autonomy
Authors: Bunnik Eline M. , de Jong Antina , Nijsingh Niels , de Wert Guido M.W.R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe advent of new genetic and genomic technologies may cause friction with the principle of respect for autonomy and demands a rethinking of traditional interpretations of the concept of informed consent. Technologies such as whole‐genome sequencing and micro‐array based analysis enable genome‐wide testing for many heterogeneous abnormalities and predispositions simultaneously. This may challenge the feasibility of providing adequate pre‐test information and achieving autonomous decision‐making. At a symposium held at the 11th World Congress of Bioethics in June 2012 (Rotterdam), organized by the International Association of Bioethics, these challenges were presented for three different areas in which these so‐called ‘new genetics’ technologies are increasingly being applied: newborn screening, prenatal screening strategies and commercial personal genome testing. In this article, we build upon the existing ethical framework for a responsible set‐up of testing and screening offers and reinterpret some of its criteria in the light of the new genetics. As we will argue, the scope of a responsible testing or screening offer should align with the purpose(s) of testing and with the principle of respect for autonomy for all stakeholders involved, including (future) children. Informed consent is a prerequisite but requires a new approach. We present preliminary and general directions for an individualized or differentiated set‐up of the testing offer and for the informed consent process. With this article we wish to contribute to the formation of new ideas on how to tackle the issues of autonomy and informed consent for (public) healthcare and direct‐to‐consumer applications of the new genetics.
The Influence of implant geometry and surface composition on bone response
Authors: AlFarraj Aldosari Abdullah , Anil Sukumaran , Alasqah Mohammed , Al Wazzan Khalid A. , Al Jetaily Samer A. , Jansen John A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe implant design and surface modification are independent conditions that can alter the implant bone response. The objective of this study is to compare the bone response to roughened tapered and cylindrical screw–type implants with and without hydroxyapatite (HA) surface coating in the femoral trabecular bone of rabbits.Material and methodThirty‐two implants (8 × 3.5 mm) consisting of four different types (eight implants in each group), that is, tapered implants, cylindrical implants, HA‐coated tapered implants, and HA‐coated cylindrical implants were installed in the femoral condyle of 16 rabbits. After 8 weeks of healing, the femoral condyles were retrieved and studied histologically. The bone‐to‐implant contact percentage was assessed and analyzed statistically.ResultsThe histomorphometric analysis revealed that the bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) values seemed to be higher for HA‐coated tapered implants (65.62 ± 13.02) followed by cylindrical non‐coated implants. All four types of implants showed wide distribution of BIC with no statistical significance between different types of implants.ConclusionIt can be concluded that under the current experimental conditions, implant design and surface composition had little effect on the bone‐to‐implant interface.
A new classification of peri‐implant bone morphology: a radiographic study of patients with lower implant‐supported mandibular overdentures
Authors: Zhang Lei , Geraets Wil , Zhou Yongsheng , Wu Wuqing , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to classify peri‐implant bone defects (PIBDs) on the basis of their radiographic appearance in a cohort of patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures.Materials and methodsEighty‐three patients with lower implant‐supported overdentures were recruited to participate in the study, which was approved by the ethics committee of Ignatius Teaching Hospital. Details about the patients' smoking habits were recorded. The participants had a total of 224 implants involving 3214 implant sites. The mean observation time of the subjects was 10.7 years. Panoramic radiographs of all sites were evaluated in duplicate (first evaluation [t1], second evaluation [t2]) during 2 weeks by one experienced observer. PIBDs were classified into the following types: saucer‐shaped, wedge‐shaped, flat, undercut, and slit‐like bone defects. Intra‐examiner agreement was tested using crosstabs and Cohen's kappa coefficient. The association of PIBD type with gender, time after implant placement, smoking, and treatment strategy was investigated using multivariate test of independence on the basis of spatial signs.ResultsIntra‐observer reliability was moderate (κ = 0.51). Saucer‐shaped defects were the most frequent (42.8% [t1] and 44.6% [t2]), followed by wedge‐shaped (26.0% [t1] and 27.4% [t2]), flat (10.7% [t2] and 17.7% [t1]), undercut (8.8% [t1] and 11.9% [t2]), and finally slit‐like defects (4.7% [t1] and 5.4% [t2]). Peri‐implant bone defects morphology was significantly associated with gender, smoking, and treatment strategy.ConclusionThe morphology of PIBDs can be classified into five meaningful classes, as opposed to the two described in the literature.
On the relationship between gingival biotypes and supracrestal gingival height, crown form and papilla height
Authors: Fischer Kai R. , Grill Eva , Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne , Bechtold Markus , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Fickl Stefan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the association between gingival biotypes and supracrestal gingival height (primary aim) and its relation to crown shape and papilla height (secondary aim).Materials and methodsEighty adult subjects were evaluated in this study. Based on the transparency of a periodontal probe through the buccal gingival margin, 38 subjects comprised the thin biotype group and 42 subjects comprised the thick biotype group, respectively. Three different parameters were clinically assessed: supracrestal gingival height (SGH) by bone sounding, crown width/crown length ratio and papilla height.ResultsNo statistical difference (P > 0.05) was detected neither for the correlation between different biotypes (thick/thin) and SGH nor for the association of biotypes and crown width/crown length ratio. Papilla height was only significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the area of teeth no. 21/22 for the thin periodontal biotype. Intra‐examiner deviation was found to be very low for all clinical parameters (percentile agreement > 95%).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, we found that in young Caucasians (i) soft tissue dimensions seem to be similar between biotypes (ii) and the traditional hypothesis that a thick gingiva merges with broad‐short crown shape and flat papillae and a thin gingiva with a narrow‐long crown shape and high scalloping, may be questionable.
Mental health evaluations for adolescents prior to bariatric surgery: a review of existing practices and a specific example of assessment procedures
Authors: Sysko R. , Zandberg L. J. , Devlin M. J. , Annunziato R. A. , Zitsman J. L. , Walsh B. T. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBest practice guidelines for adolescents considering bariatric surgery recommend a preoperative mental health evaluation. However, only general information about these assessments appears in the literature, which makes consistency of administration challenging. This review proposes a specific empirically derived format for pre‐surgical mental health evaluations and summarizes currently available data on the psychiatric functioning of adolescents seeking bariatric surgery. Studies of mental health evaluations for adults preparing for bariatric surgery are reviewed, as is the limited literature relevant to adolescent evaluations. A specific and detailed example of an evaluation (clinical interview, self‐report questionnaires, cognitive assessment) used for younger patients at a major metropolitan hospital centre is presented, followed by data from an initial group of adolescents completing this evaluation. A total of 200 adolescents (n = 139 female; age: 14–18 years; body mass index: 35.4–83.3 kg m−2) are presented for bariatric surgery. A notable subset of adolescents reported current Axis I conditions (31.5%) and current mental health treatment (29.5%), but reports of current illicit drug use (1.5%) and regular alcohol use (0.5%) were relatively rare. Procedures for using the completed evaluation and post‐surgery monitoring of psychosocial issues are discussed. Adolescents considering weight loss surgery should receive comprehensive pre‐surgical mental health evaluations, but additional data are needed to develop specific recommendations for the use of these evaluations in post‐operative care.
Environmental Impacts of Large‐Scale Oil Palm Enterprises Exceed that of Smallholdings in Indonesia
Authors: Lee Janice Ser Huay , Abood Sinan , Ghazoul Jaboury , Barus Baba , Obidzinski Krystof , Koh Lian Pin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe expansion of large‐scale oil palm plantations in Indonesia has taken a heavy toll on forests, biodiversity, and carbon stocks but little is known about the environmental impacts from the smallholder sector. Here, we compare the magnitude of forest and carbon loss attributable to smallholdings, private enterprises, and state‐owned oil palm plantations in Sumatra. During 2000–2010, oil palm development accounted for the loss of 4,744 ha of mangrove, 383,518 ha of peat swamp forest, 289, 406 ha of lowland forest, and 1,000 ha of lower montane forest. Much of this deforestation was driven by private enterprises (88.3%) followed by smallholdings (10.7%) and state‐owned plantations (0.9%). Oil palm‐driven deforestation in Sumatra resulted in 756–1,043 Mt of total gross carbon dioxide emissions, of which ∼90% and ∼9% can be attributed to private enterprises and smallholdings, respectively. While private enterprises are responsible for the bulk of environmental impacts, the smallholder oil palm sector exhibits higher annual rates of expansion (11%) compared to private enterprises (5%). Both sectors will need careful monitoring and engagement to develop successful strategies for mitigating future environmental impacts of oil palm expansion.
Update or Outdate: Long‐Term Viability of the IUCN Red List
Authors: Rondinini Carlo , Di Marco Moreno , Visconti Piero , Butchart Stuart H.M. , Boitani Luigi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIt is estimated that the global yearly expenditure on biodiversity conservation action exceeds one billion U.S. dollars. One of the key tools for prioritizing conservation actions is the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, the most authoritative and comprehensive source of information on the global extinction risk of species (covering ca. 60,000 as of today). While IUCN's vision is to increase the taxonomic coverage of the Red List, no adequate plan exists to keep it up to date. As species assessments become outdated after 10 years under IUCN rules, our simulations reveal that with the limited budget currently available for reassessment, most of the Red Listing effort may be wasted soon. Indeed, 17% of the species’ assessments are already outdated. To minimize the budget needed to keep assessments up to date in the Red List, we propose a mixed strategy of online reassessments and budget growth. We show that largely replacing workshops with online consultations is a more sustainable strategy that would save U.S. $2.8 million per year (35% of the budget). Sharing the cost of such a strategy among Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries (U.S. $156,000 per country per year) would ensure that the multimillion dollar spending based on the Red List remains effective in the long term.
Determinants of self‐monitoring of blood glucose in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a multi‐centre study in Brazil
Authors: Gomes M. B. , Tannus L. R. M. , Cobas R. A. , Matheus A. S. M. , Dualib P. , Zucatti A. T. , Cani C. , Guedes A. D. , Santos F. M. , Sepulveda J. , Tolentino M. , Façanha M. C. , Faria A. C. R. A. , Lavigne S. , Montenegro A. P. , Rodacki M. , de Fatima Guedes M. , Szundy R. , Cordeiro M. M. , Santos P. T. S. , Negrato C. A. ,   Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG)
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the daily frequency of self‐monitoring of blood glucose and glycaemic control, demographic and socio‐economic status in patients with Type 1 diabetes under routine clinical care in Brazil.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, multi‐centre study conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. The data were obtained from 3176 patients, aged 22 ± 11.8 years, of whom 56.3% were female and 57.4% were Caucasian. The mean time since diabetes diagnosis was 11.7 ± 8.1 years.ResultsThe prevalence of self‐monitoring of blood glucose was 88.5%. There was a significant increase in self‐monitoring frequency associated with female gender, lower ages, more intensive diabetes management and higher socio‐economic status. A correlation between HbA1c levels and the daily frequency of self‐monitoring was observed (rs = –0.13; P = 0.001). The mean HbA1c levels were related to the daily frequency of self‐monitoring (P < 0.001) without additional benefit to patients who performed self‐monitoring more than four times daily (9.2, 11.2, 10.2,15.2 and 15% for one, two, three, four, five or more self‐monitoring tests daily, respectively; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe majority of our patients (88.5%) performed three or more self‐monitoring tests daily, with more frequent testing reported by females, younger patients, those on intensive insulin regimens and of higher socio‐economic status. No additional benefit was found in patients who performed self‐monitoring more than four times daily. The diabetes care team must improve patients' education regarding self‐monitoring of blood glucose and its benefits.
Assessing the Practice and Challenges of Stream Restoration in Urbanized Environments of the USA
Authors: Shoredits Andreas S. , Clayton Jordan A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe identify several common characteristics of urbanized watersheds in the USA and discuss some of the challenges frequently encountered with urban stream restoration projects. These projects necessarily differ in many respects compared with watershed restoration practices employed in less developed locations. The stream condition, common in urbanized watersheds, is not easily rehabilitated even with more contemporary bioengineering practices replacing traditional ‘harder’ engineering practices. Major challenges for restoration projects in these settings include (i) the increased efficiency with which runoff and pollutants are routed into streams by means of impervious surface cover and storm drains; (ii) a poor understanding of sediment sources and transport relations; and (iii) the general paucity of documented projects with sufficient long‐term monitoring to guide ongoing and future efforts. To succeed in this field may require (i) a more complete database of project characteristics that can be used for adaptive management, (ii) a broader watershed‐scale restoration approach, and (iii) an improved understanding of geomorphologic and ecological processes relevant to urban streams. Recent examples of urban stream projects in the USA highlight the diversity of site‐specific circumstances and considerations that accompany each project.