bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yoruba Ethnogenesis from Within
Authors: Apter Andrew 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt is an anthropological truism that ethnic identity is “other”-oriented, such that who wearerests on who we arenot. Within this vein, the development of Yoruba identity in the late nineteenth century is attributed to Fulani perspectives on their Oyo neighbors, Christian missionaries and the politics of conversion, as well as Yoruba descendants in diaspora reconnecting with their West African homeland. In this essay, my aim is to both complement and destabilize these externalist perspectives by focusing on Yoruba concepts of “home” and “house” (ilé), relating residence, genealogy and regional identities to their reconstituted ritual frameworks in Cuba and Brazil. Following Barber's analysis of Yoruba praise-poetry (oríkì) and Verran's work on Yoruba quantification, I reexamine the semantics of the categoryiléin the emergence of Lucumí and Nagô houses in order to explain their sociopolitical impact and illuminate transpositions of racial “cleansing” and ritual purity in Candomblé and Santería. More broadly, the essay shows how culturally specific or “internal” epistemological orientations play an important if neglected role in shaping Atlantic ethnicities and their historical trajectories.
Tradition, Tribe, and State in Kenya: The Mijikenda Union, 1945–1980
Authors: Willis Justin , Gona George 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe apparent mobilizing power of ethnic sentiment in recent African history has been the subject of vigorous debate. Studies that emphasize the centrality of colonialism and the instrumental use of ethnicity have been criticized by a scholarship arguing that the affective power of ethnicity is culturally rooted through longstanding experience and practice, and that both manipulation and invention are constrained by this. This paper contributes to that debate through a discussion of the history of the Mijikenda, one of the “super-tribes” of modern Kenyan politics. It suggests that there were indeed “limits to invention,” but that there was nonetheless substantial entrepreneurship and creativity in the politics of Mijikenda identity. This drew heavily on the productive, discursive tension between tradition and modernity that lay at the heart of colonialism and was drawn into vigorous debates over legitimacy and representation in the “critical juncture” of the final years of colonial rule.
Heartbreak at Hilbert's Hotel
Authors: HEDRICK LANDON 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWilliam Lane Craig's defence of the kalam cosmological argument rests heavily on two philosophical arguments against a past-eternal universe. In this article I take issue with one of these arguments, what I call the ‘Hilbert's Hotel Argument’ – namely, that the metaphysical absurdity of an actually infinite number of things existing precludes the possibility of a beginningless past. After explaining this argument, I proceed to raise some initial doubts. After setting those aside, I show that the argument is ineffective against proponents of presentism. The remainder of the article considers and rejects possible replies on Craig's behalf.
Age norms for older adults among Koreans: perceptions and influencing factors
Authors: CHUNG SOONDOOL , JUNG YUNKYUNG 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDespite rapid social change that has influenced the social status of older adults, expectations about their behaviour and whether such expectations differ across generations remain unexplored in Korea. Based on ageing theories of activity, disengagement and modernisation, this study investigated age norms among Koreans conceptualised as shared expectations of appropriate behaviours of older adults. Competing perspectives in intergenerational relations and prejudice toward older adults were examined to test if they influenced age norms and if such associations varied across different age groups. Data were analysed from a survey of 1,445 individuals aged 20 and above who resided in 16 administrative districts of Korea. Comparisons of age norms across age groups indicated that the older adult group (age 65+) held more restrictive attitudes about social participation and engagement in various behaviours in old age than the middle-aged adults (ages 45–64) and younger adults (ages 20–44). Respondents with more prejudice towards older adults tended to place more restrictions on the behaviour of older adults. A significant interaction indicated that respondents whose views were in line with a generational conflictive perspective, assessed as reporting more competitive perspectives between young and old people and being less supportive of intergenerational programmes, had a more restrictive view about older adults' behaviours among the middle-aged group but less restrictive attitudes in determining acceptable behaviour in later life among the older adult group.
Prepulse Inhibition in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Minassian Arpi , Henry Brook L. , Woods Steven Paul , Vaida Florin , Grant Igor , Geyer Mark A. , Perry William ,   The Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group
Published: April 2013

AbstractSensorimotor inhibition, or the ability to filter out excessive or irrelevant information, theoretically supports a variety of higher-level cognitive functions. Impaired inhibition may be associated with increased impulsive and risky behavior in everyday life. Individuals infected with HIV frequently show impairment on tests of neurocognitive function, but sensorimotor inhibition in this population has not been studied and may be a contributor to the profile of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Thirty-seven HIV-infected individuals (15 with HAND) and 48 non-infected comparison subjects were assessed for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an eyeblink startle paradigm measuring sensorimotor gating. Although HIV status alone was not associated with PPI deficits, HIV-positive participants meeting criteria for HAND showed impaired PPI compared to cognitively intact HIV-positive subjects. In HIV-positive subjects, PPI was correlated with working memory but was not associated with antiretroviral therapy or illness factors. In conclusion, sensorimotor disinhibition in HIV accompanies deficits in higher-order cognitive functions, although the causal direction of this relationship requires investigation. Subsequent research on the role of sensorimotor gating on decision-making and risk behaviors in HIV may be indicated. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–9)
The Body as a ‘Legitimate Naturalization of Consciousness’
Authors: Bernet Rudolf 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHusserl's phenomenology of the body constantly faces issues of demarcation: between phenomenology and ontology, soul and spirit, consciousness and brain, conditionality and causality. It also shows that Husserl was eager to cross the borders of transcendental phenomenology when the phenomena under investigation made it necessary. Considering the details of his description of bodily sensations and bodily behaviour from a Merleau-Pontian perspective allows one also to realise how Husserl (unlike Heidegger) fruitfully explores a phenomenological field located between a science of pure consciousness and the natural sciences. A phenomenological discussion of naturalism thus cannot limit itself to the task of discrimination, it must attempt to integrate what an eidetic analysis has separated: inside and outside, here and there, first-person and third-person perspective, motivation and causality. Husserl's phenomenology of the body thus shows that dualism is at best a methodological but never an ontological option for the mind-body problem.
Nature's Dark Domain: an Argument for a Naturalised Phenomenology
Authors: Roden David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPhenomenology is based on a doctrine of evidence that accords a crucial role to the human capacity to conceptualise or ‘intuit’ features of their experience. However, there are grounds for holding that some experiential entities to which phenomenologists are committed must be intuition-transcendent or ‘dark’. Examples of dark phenomenology include the very fine-grained perceptual discriminations which Thomas Metzinger calls ‘Raffman Qualia’ and, crucially, the structure of temporal awareness. It can be argued, on this basis, that phenomenology is in much the same epistemological relationship to its own subject matter as descriptive (i.e. ‘phenomenological’) physics or biology are to physical and biological reality:phenomenology cannot tell us what phenomenology is really ‘about’. This does not mean we should abjure phenomenology. It implies, rather, that the domain of phenomenology is not the province of a self-standing, autonomous discipline but must be investigated with any empirically fruitful techniques that are open to us (e.g. computational neuroscience, artificial intelligence, etc.). Finally, it entails that while a naturalized phenomenology should be retained as a descriptive, empirical method, it should not be accorded transcendental authority.
Science, Ethics and Observation
Authors: Lenman James 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the idea that ethics might be understood as a domain of straightforwardly empirical inquiry with reference to two of its defenders. Sam Harris has recently urged that ethics is simply the scientific study of welfare and how best to maximize it. That is of course to presuppose the truth of utilitarianism, something Harris considers too obvious to be sensibly contested. Richard Boyd's more nuanced and thoughtful position takes the truth of the ethical theory – homeostatic consequentialism – he favours to be determined by what best explains the success of moral practice over its history. But what is to count here as success is too theory dependent for this to be helpful. From consideration of both Harris and Boyd, the conclusion emerges that once we have satisfied ourselves by ethical reflection about what we ought to do, it may then be a straightforwardly empirical question how to do it, but that arriving at that point, the core concern of the moral philosopher, is far less clearly a straightforwardly empirical affair.
The Universe in the Universe: German Idealism and the Natural History of Mind
Authors: Grant Iain Hamilton 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecent considerations of mind and world react against philosophical naturalisation strategies by maintaining that the thought of the world is normatively driven to reject reductive or bald naturalism. This paper argues that we may reject bald or ‘thoughtless’ naturalism without sacrificing nature to normativity and so retreating from metaphysics to transcendental idealism. The resources for this move can be found in theNaturphilosophieoutlined by the German Idealist philosopher F.W.J. Schelling. He argues that because thought occurs in the same universe as thought thinks, it remains part of that universe whose elements in consequence now additionally include that thought. A philosophy of nature beginning from such a position neither shaves thought from a thoughtless nature nor transcendentally reduces nature to the content of thought, since a thought occurring in nature only has ‘all nature’ as its content when that thought is additive rather than summative. A natural history of mind drawn from Schellingian premises therefore entails that, while a thought may have ‘all nature’ as its content, this thought is itself the partial content of the nature augmented by it.
From the Nature of Meaning to a Phenomenological Refiguring of Nature
Authors: Morris David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractI argue that reconciling nature with human experience requires a new ontology in which nature is refigured as being in and of itself meaningful, thus reconfiguring traditional dualisms and the ‘hard problem of consciousness’. But this refiguring of nature entails a method in which nature itself can exhibit its conceptual reconfiguration—otherwise we get caught in various conceptual and methodological problems that surreptitiously reduplicate the problem we are seeking to resolve. I first introduce phenomenology as a methodology fit to this task, then show how life manifests a field in which nature in and of itself exhibits meaningfulness, such that this field can serve as a starting point for this phenomenological project. Finally, I take immunogenesis as an example in which living phenomena can guide insights into the ontology in virtue of which meaning arises in nature.
The Effects of Lead and Copper on the Cellular Architecture and Metabolism of the Red AlgaGracilaria domingensis
Authors: Gouveia Claudiane , Kreusch Marianne , Schmidt Éder C. , Felix Marthiellen R. de L. , Osorio Luz K.P. , Pereira Debora T. , dos Santos Rodrigo , Ouriques Luciane C. , Martins Roberta de Paula , Latini Alexandra , Ramlov Fernanda , Carvalho Tiago José G. , Chow Fungyi , Maraschin Marcelo , Bouzon Zenilda L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe effect of lead and copper on apical segments ofGracilaria domingensiswas examined. Over a period of 7 days, the segments were cultivated with concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm under laboratory conditions. The samples were processed for light, confocal, and electron microscopy, as well as histochemistry, to evaluate growth rates, mitochondrial activity, protein levels, chlorophylla, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. After 7 days of exposure to lead and copper, growth rates were slower than control, and biomass loss was observed on copper-treated plants. Ultrastructural damage was primarily observed in the internal organization of chloroplasts and cell wall thickness. X-ray microanalysis detected lead in the cell wall, while copper was detected in both the cytoplasm and cell wall. Moreover, lead and copper exposure led to photodamage of photosynthetic pigments and, consequently, changes in photosynthesis. However, protein content and glutathione reductase activity decreased only in the copper treatments. In both treatments, decreased mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity was observed. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that (1) heavy metals such as lead and copper negatively affect various morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes inG. domingensisand (2) copper is more toxic than lead inG. domingensis.
Modular Ka-band switch matrices using two RF MEMS technologies
Authors: Figur Sascha A. , Meniconi Erika , Prechtel Ulrich , Ziegler Volker , Sorrentino Roberto , Vietzorreck Larissa , Schoenlinner Bernhard 
Published: April 2013

This paper presents the design and measurement of two different switch matrix modules based on Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical System (RF MEMS) switches. The operational frequency range is between 25.5 GHz and 26.5 GHz for data links between a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) relay satellite and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The switch matrix implements a key functionality for tracking the incident signals of the LEO satellites on the receive feed antenna array of the GEO satellite's reflector antenna. Two different technologies are used to build simplified switch matrix modules suitable for realizing the full functionality switching matrix. Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 with commercially available RF MEMS is used to build the first module, while EADS in house RF MEMS are integrated in Rogers Ultralam 3850 Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) for the second module. Maximum insertion losses of 8.5 dB and 10.2 dB have been measured for the Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 and the LCP module, respectively. Isolation is higher than 45 dB and a minimum return loss of 15 dB is shown. Finally, the measured losses in the LCP module are analyzed and suitable improvements are discussed.
Role of the unstructured N-terminal domain of the hAPE1 (human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1) in the modulation of its interaction with nucleic acids and NPM1 (nucleophosmin)
Authors: Poletto Mattia , Vascotto Carlo , Scognamiglio Pasqualina L. , Lirussi Lisa , Marasco Daniela , Tell Gianluca 
Published: April 2013

The hAPE1 (human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1) is an essential enzyme, being the main abasic endonuclease in higher eukaryotes. However, there is strong evidence to show that hAPE1 can directly bind specific gene promoters, thus modulating their transcriptional activity, even in the absence of specific DNA damage. Recent findings, moreover, suggest a role for hAPE1 in RNA processing, which is modulated by the interaction with NPM1 (nucleophosmin). Independent domains account for many activities of hAPE1; however, whereas the endonuclease and the redox-active portions of the protein are well characterized, a better understanding of the role of the unstructured N-terminal region is needed. In the present study, we characterized the requirements for the interaction of hAPE1 with NPM1 and undamaged nucleic acids. We show that DNA/RNA secondary structure has an impact on hAPE1 binding in the absence of damage. Biochemical studies, using the isolated N-terminal region of the protein, reveal that the hAPE1 N-terminal domain represents an evolutionary gain of function, since its composition affects the protein's stability and ability to interact with both nucleic acids and NPM1. Although required, however, this region is not sufficient itself to stably interact with DNA or NPM1.
A PPARγ ligand present in Actinidia fruit (Actinidia chrysantha) is identified as dilinolenoyl galactosyl glycerol
Authors: Martin Harry , McGhie Tony K. , Lunken Rona C. M. 
Published: April 2013

Activity-guided fractionation of Actinidia fruit species, including Kiwifruit, has identified DLGG (dilinolenoyl galactosyl glycerol) as a potent PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) ligand. DLGG is a type of MGDG (monogalactosyl diacylglycerol) and is present in all chloroplasts, and therefore all green fruits and vegetables. PPARγ is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates glucose metabolism and inflammation. An ethyl acetate extract of Actinidia chrysantha was fractionated by HPLC and the PPARγ-binding activity was detected by FP (fluorescence polarization). Linoleic and α-linolenic acids in A. chrysantha were readily detected as PPARγ ligands. Slow-binding PPARγ ligands were detected in several hydrophobic fractions. High-resolution MS identified DLGG as one of these ligands and confirmed that its binding is non-covalent. DLGG is a slow-binding PPARγ ligand with an IC50 of 1.64 μM, ±0.093 achieved after 45 min equilibration. DLGG is the first example of a form of DAG (diacylglycerol) that is a PPARγ ligand. In addition, DLGG is the first reported glycolipid ligand for PPARγ and also the first non-covalent, slow-binding PPARγ ligand.
Driven to Exclude: How Core Social Motives Explain Social Exclusion
Authors: North Michael S. , Fiske Susan T. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This chapter explores how social exclusion operates via core social motives: Belonging, Understanding, Controlling, Enhancing Self, and Trusting Others (BUC[K]ET; Fiske, 2010a ). Within this framework, we explore how people’s desire to fulfill each motive with the in-group fosters exclusion of people outside the group. Moreover, we delineate the consequences for people who face social exclusion: Because exclusion severely hinders their ability to achieve the core social motives, excluded people may develop shattered assumptions (Janoff-Bulman, 1992 ) about their social world. This not only undermines excluded people’s physical and mental well-being, but also their ability to survive and thrive in the social world.
Why Rejection Hurts: The Neuroscience of Social Pain
Authors: Eisenberger Naomi I. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Although people often describe experiences of social rejection as being “painful,” one is left to wonder whether these descriptions are primarily metaphorical or whether there is something truly painful about rejection experiences. This chapter reviews accumulating evidence showing that social pain—the painful feelings following social rejection, exclusion, or loss—relies on some of the same neural circuitry that is involved in processing physical pain. Moreover, building on this overlap in the neural circuitry underlying physical and social pain, this chapter reviews several consequences of this shared circuitry. Specifically, evidence is reviewed to show: (1) that individuals who are more sensitive to one kind of pain are also more sensitive to the other and (2) that factors that typically alter one type of pain (e.g., Tylenol reduces physical pain) can alter the other as well (e.g., Tylenol reduces social pain). Other possible consequences of this shared neural circuitry are discussed.
Belonging Regulation through the Use of (Para)social Surrogates
Authors: Knowles Megan L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
If belonging is a fundamental human need, then social exclusion should motivate reconnection or another means of fulfilling one’s belonging needs. Consistent with this premise, research reveals that individuals utilize myriad means of regaining a sense of belonging after social threat (Belonging Regulation Model; Gardner, Pickett, & Knowles, 2005 ). This chapter briefly surveys the nature of and evidence for these belonging maintenance strategies and details one of the strategies most far removed from the real world—the use of parasocial attachment figures as social surrogates. Research within and beyond psychology reveals that many individuals form parasocial, or one-sided, attachments to media figures such as television characters. Much like real relationships, these parasocial attachments can be drawn upon in order to maintain a subjective sense of connection. Indeed, exposure to parasocial attachment figures mitigates the negative consequences of exclusion. Last, this chapter raises questions about the boundary conditions of these phenomena.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY CONFIRMED RESOLUTION OF MACULAR EDEMA IN A DIABETIC PATIENT AFTER HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Mirza Zahir B. , Sreekanth Sreekantam , Gibson Jonathan M. , Dasgupta Indranil 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:
The authors report the first case, to their knowledge, of resolution of diffuse macular edema after hemodialysis, which has been confirmed by optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
A 53-year-old white woman with type 2 diabetes developed worsening macular edema and was examined in the ophthalmology clinic and scheduled for macular grid laser photocoagulation. The laser, however, was deferred for 4 weeks because she had also developed end-stage renal failure and required hemodialysis.

Results:
When she was reviewed in the ophthalmology clinic 4 weeks later for laser therapy, it was found that her macular edema had resolved, vision had improved, and laser was unnecessary. Review at 6 months showed that the macular edema remains resolved.

Conclusion:
Ophthalmologists should be aware that hemodialysis may reduce macular edema in such patients.
COMPLETE VISUAL RECOVERY AFTER INCIPIENT CRAO DUE TO OCULAR HYPOPERFUSION IN A PATIENT WITH MOYAMOYA DISEASE
Authors: Lad Eleonora M. , Lad Shivanand P. , Ung Cindy , Jain ATul , Steinberg Gary K. , Gaynon Michael W. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case of an impending central retinal artery occlusion with hypoperfusion in a moyamoya patient.

Methods:
A young, surgically revascularized moyamoya patient experienced severe unilateral vision loss from 20/25 to hand motions because of impending central retinal artery occlusion. The patient was treated with a combination of intermittent ocular massage, intraocular pressure–lowering medications, and aspirin.

Patients:
A case of a moyamoya patient at Stanford University Medical Center.

Results:
Visual acuity was restored to baseline by improving the ocular arterial–venous gradient after prompt administration of ocular massage, intraocular pressure–lowering drops, and aspirin.

Conclusion:
This dramatic result suggests that, if performed in a timely manner, augmentation of ocular perfusion can result in complete restoration of vision in some cases of incipient central retinal artery occlusion.