bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Peer Socialization of Adolescent Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury
Authors: Giletta Matteo , Burk William J. , Scholte Ron H. J. , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: August 2013

This study examined direct and indirect forms of peer socialization of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in adolescent friendship networks. Data were collected among 348 adolescents (55% females; Mage = 15.02 years; SD = 0.53) at four assessment waves. Stochastic actor‐based models revealed no evidence for direct socialization of NSSI: adolescents whose friends reported higher NSSI did not increase their NSSI over time. However, indirect forms of socialization were found. After controlling for direct socialization and selection effects, friends' depressive symptoms predicted changes in male and female adolescents' NSSI, and friends' impulsivity predicted changes in male adolescents' NSSI. Findings highlight the importance of extending peer influence research beyond the classical “modeling” paradigm by providing evidence that peers may indirectly socialize adolescents' NSSI.
School absence due to toothache associated with sociodemographic factors, dental caries status, and oral health‐related quality of life in 12‐ and 15‐year‐old Thai children
Authors: Krisdapong Sudaduang , Prasertsom Piyada , Rattanarangsima Khanit , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to assess prevalence and extent of school absence due to toothache, dental caries, and Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a subsample of the Thailand national oral health survey. In addition, associations of school absence as the outcome variable with explanatory behavioral and sociodemographic variables, dental caries, and OHRQoL were investigated.MethodsStudy sample was half of the Sixth Thailand National Oral Health Survey sample (1,063 12‐year‐old and 811 15‐year‐old children). Children were orally examined and interviewed about OHRQoL using the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances or the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances indices. Children completed a sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaire on school absence due to toothache in current semester.ResultsOver a 3‐month period, 5.1 percent of 12‐ and 4.4 percent of 15‐year‐olds absented themselves from school due to toothache. The number of days absent in 12‐year‐olds was significantly higher than in 15‐year‐olds. For 12‐year‐olds, OHRQoL and toothache were significantly associated with school absence. Severe dental decay was the main dental factor related to school absence but not significantly associated with school absence in the adjusted analyses. Children in lower school grades and those who received dental treatment in current semester were more likely to miss school compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsAbout one in 20 of Thai school‐aged children reported missing school due to toothache. School absence due to toothache was inversely associated with the current year of study and positively with recently receiving dental treatment and with OHRQoL and toothache in 12‐year‐olds.
Combinations of eight key mutations in the X/preC region and genomic activity of hepatitis B virus are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Park Y. M. , Jang J. W. , Yoo S. H. , Kim S. H. , Oh I. M. , Park S. J. , Jang Y. S. , Lee S. J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAccumulation of eight key mutations located in the X/preC regions of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome (G1613A, C1653T, T1753V, A1762T, G1764A, A1846T, G1896A and G1899A) is a risk marker for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we analysed the 8 key mutations in 442 serum samples collected from 310 non‐HCC and 132 HCC patients to identify the combinations linked to HCC. After the patients were stratified according to the age groups and mutation combinations, clinical parameters were compared between the HCC and the non‐HCC groups. Analyses were focused on patient ≥40 years of age infected by HBV genotype C with A1762T and G1764A mutations in the basal core promoter region (BCP double mutation). In patients with ≥6 mutations, the combination of [G1613A + C1653T + A1846T + G1896A] mutations was closely linked to HCC, whereas no specific single or double mutation combination was associated with HCC. In patients with ≤5 mutations, HBeAg and HBV DNA serum titres were lower in the HCC group than those in the non‐HCC group. Unlike the number of mutations, no specific combination correlated with advanced clinical stage in HCC. Of the BCP double mutation–based HBV mutant types, combinations of ≥6 mutations that include G1613A + C1653T + A1846T + G1896A, and combinations of ≤5 mutations with reduced HBeAg production, may be more specific indicators of HCC risk than only the number of mutations or any specific combination(s).
Habitat influences diet overlap in aquatic snake assemblages
Authors: Durso A. M. , Willson J. D. , Winne C. T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCompetition for prey is thought to be important in structuring snake assemblages. However, due in part to the secretive behavior and low detectability of many snake species, this generalization is based on a limited number of studies, most of which focus on a single study site. We examined differences in diet composition, trophic niche overlap, site occupancy and detectability of five sympatric aquatic snake species between two different habitat types in the Southeastern US, replicated at the landscape scale: permanent wetlands with fishes (n = 13) and isolated, often ephemeral wetlands without fishes (n = 10). We collected >3700 prey items from snakes and compared diet composition among snake species to examine niche breadth and overlap, correcting for relative availability of prey captured independently in the same wetlands. We evaluated evidence for competitive exclusion by estimating the probability of co‐occupancy for pairs of snake species in each habitat type using occupancy modeling. In wetlands with fishes, niche overlap was low, suggesting resource partitioning. Conversely, in wetlands without fishes, niche overlap was high, with most species feeding on larval or paedomorphic ambystomatid salamanders, but competitive exclusion did not occur. We suggest that high co‐occupancy of aquatic snakes in wetlands without fishes despite the apparent lack of resource partitioning is due to a combination of seasonally high abundance of high quality amphibian prey, unique aspects of predator physiology and stochastic abiotic processes that prevent these systems from reaching equilibrium. Our results demonstrate that snake diets can be highly context (e.g. habitat)‐specific. Studies should consider other factors in addition to competition for prey when attempting to understand snake population and community dynamics.
Is lek breeding rare in bats?
Authors: Toth C. A. , Parsons S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) are among the most successful mammals and likely display the widest range of mating systems within the Class. One mating system that is underrepresented in the Chiroptera is lek breeding, which is characterized by aggregations of sexually displaying males that are visited by receptive females who appraise male displays and actively choose mates, yet receive no direct benefits such as assistance in parenting. Leks are thought to form when males can defend neither resources nor females, making it more economical to establish small breeding territories and self‐advertise through sexual displays. Lekking is rare in mammals, and it has been suggested that a lack in the mobility required by females to economically seek out aggregations of sexually displaying males may explain this rarity. Bats, like birds, do not suffer reduced mobility and yet out of over a thousand described species, only one has been confirmed to breed in leks. We examine the rarity of lekking in bats by providing an overview on the current state of knowledge of their mating systems and discuss the ecological and social determinants for the observed trends, contrasted with the prerequisites of lek‐breeding behaviour. We use the breeding behaviour of New Zealand's lesser short‐tailed bat Mystacina tuberculata, which is believed to be a lek breeder, as a case study for the examination of potential lekking behaviour in bats, and highlight the importance of such research for the development of effective conservation strategies.
Restricted gene flow within and between rapidly diverging Neotropical plant species
Authors: Surget‐Groba Yann , Kay Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSpeciation involves the evolution of traits and genetic differences that contribute to reproductive isolation and the cessation of gene flow, and studying closely related species and divergent populations gives insight into how these phenomena proceed. Here, we document patterns of gene flow within and between two members of a rapid Neotropical species radiation, Costus pulverulentus and Costus scaber (Costaceae). These species co‐occur in the tropical rainforest and share pollinators, but are reproductively isolated by a series of prezygotic barriers, some of which show evidence of reinforcement at sympatric sites. Here, we genotype microsatellite markers in plants from eight sites that span the geographical range of both species, including four sympatric sites. We also genotype putative hybrids found at two sympatric sites. We find high levels of genetic isolation among populations within each species and low but detectable levels of introgression between species at sympatric sites. Putative hybrids identified by morphology are consistent with F1 or more advanced hybrids. Our results highlight the effectiveness of prezygotic isolating mechanisms at maintaining species boundaries in young radiations and provide empirical data on levels of gene flow consistent with reinforcement.
Positioning of chemosensory proteins and FtsZ through the Rhodobacter sphaeroides cell cycle
Authors: Chiu Sheng‐Wen , Roberts Mark A. J. , Leake Mark C. , Armitage Judith P. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBacterial chemotaxis depends on signalling through large protein complexes. Each cell must inherit a complex on division, suggesting some co‐ordination with cell division. In Escherichia coli the membrane‐spanning chemosensory complexes are polar and new static complexes form at pre‐cytokinetic sites, ensuring positioning at the new pole after division and suggesting a role for the bacterial cytoskeleton. Rhodobacter sphaeroides has both membrane‐associated and cytoplasmic, chromosome‐associated chemosensory complexes. We followed the relative positions of the two chemosensory complexes, FtsZ and MreB in aerobic and in photoheterotrophic R. sphaeroides cells using fluorescence microscopy. FtsZ forms polar spots after cytokinesis, which redistribute to the midcell forming nodes from which FtsZ extends circumferentially to form the Z‐ring. Membrane‐associated chemosensory proteins form a number of dynamic unit‐clusters with mature clusters containing about 1000 CheW3 proteins. Individual clusters diffuse randomly within the membrane, accumulating at new poles after division but not colocalizing with either FtsZ or MreB. The cytoplasmic complex colocalizes with FtsZ at midcells in new‐born cells. Before cytokinesis one complex moves to a daughter cell, followed by the second moving to the other cell. These data indicate that two homologous complexes use different mechanisms to ensure partitioning, and neither complex utilizes FtsZ or MreB for positioning.
Recent Management Advances in Acute Postoperative Pain
Authors: Argoff Charles E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroductionAcute postoperative pain remains a major problem, with both undertreatment and overtreatment leading to serious consequences, including increased risk of persistent postoperative pain, impaired rehabilitation, increased length of stay and/or hospital readmission, and adverse events related to excessive analgesic use, such as oversedation. New analgesic medications and techniques have been introduced that target the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods to better manage acute postoperative pain, with improvements in analgesic efficacy and safety over more traditional pain management approaches. This review provides an overview of these new analgesic medications and techniques. Specific topics that are discussed include the use of preoperative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants; intraoperative approaches such as neuraxial analgesia, continuous local anesthetic wound infusion, transversus abdominis plane block, extended‐release epidural morphine, intravenous acetaminophen, and intravenous ketamine; and postoperative use of intravenous ibuprofen, new opioids (eg, tapentadol) or opioid formulations (morphine–oxycodone), and patient‐controlled analgesia.ConclusionNew, targeted, analgesic medications and techniques may provide a safer and more effective approach to the management of acute postoperative pain than traditional approaches such as postoperative oral analgesics.
Managing Financial Integration and Capital Mobility—Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades
Authors: Aizenman Joshua , Pinto Brian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEmerging market experience over the past two decades has revealed the tenuous links between external financial integration and faster growth, and the proclivity of such integration to fuel costly crises. Emerging markets learned, converging to the middle ground of the macroeconomic trilemma. Following their crises of 1997–2001, emerging markets added financial stability as a goal, self‐insured by building up international reserves, and adopted a public finance approach to financial integration. The global crisis of 2008–09 illustrated that the advanced economies “overshot” the optimal degree of financial deregulation, while the resilience of the emerging markets validated their public finance approach to financial integration.
Volatility and Spillover Effects of Yen Interventions
Authors: Chortareas Georgios , Jiang Ying , Nankervis John C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe consider the effects of interventions by the Bank of Japan's (BoJ) on the intraday volatility of the US dollar/Japanese yen (USD/JPY) exchange rates and their spillovers to volatility of the euro/JPY exchange rates. We use 15‐minute data during the period 2000–2004 and employ multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) modeling and quartile plots of intraday volatility to analyze the intraday effects of the BoJ interventions on exchange rate volatility. The results indicate that the BoJ interventions decrease daily volatility of the USD/JPY exchange rate but increase the volatility of the euro/JPY series. On intervention days, the intraday volatility has different patterns to those on non‐intervention days.
Immune‐reactive soluble OX40 ligand, soluble CD40 ligand, and interleukin‐27 are simultaneously oversecreted in platelet components associated with acute transfusion reactions
Authors: Hamzeh‐Cognasse Hind , Damien Pauline , Nguyen Kim Anh , Arthaud Charles‐Antoine , Eyraud Marie‐Ange , Chavarin Patricia , Absi Léna , Osselaer Jean‐Claude , Pozzetto Bruno , Cognasse Fabrice , Garraud Olivier 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundLeukoreduction of labile blood components dramatically decreases the frequency of minor, intermediate, and severe adverse events (AEs), referred to as acute transfusion reactions (ATRs), especially after transfusion of platelet components (PCs). The pathophysiology of AEs may result from accumulation of soluble, secreted, platelet (PLT) factors with proinflammatory functions stored in PCs. Thus, several cosynergizing factors associated with PLT accumulation in PCs may contribute to clinically reported ATRs with inflammatory symptoms.Study Design and MethodsWe screened for 65 PLT‐associated secretory products in PCs that caused ATRs and identified PLT molecules associated with ATRs and inflammation. A functional in vitro study using PC supernatants assayed on reporting immune cells was performed to indicate relevance.ResultsAmong 10,600 apheresis PCs, 30 caused inflammatory ATRs and contained significantly elevated levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), interleukin (IL)‐27, and soluble OX40 ligand (sOX40L). Normal PLTs secreted IL‐27 and sOX40L at bioactive concentrations upon thrombin stimulation and were up regulated in association with ATRs, similar to sCD40L. Other secreted products were identified but not investigated further as their positivity was not consistent.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the putative participation of PLT‐derived sOX40L, IL‐27, and sCD40L, which accumulate in PC supernatants, with inflammatory‐type ATRs. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of these findings to forecast preventive measures whenever possible.
Immunodetection of Fasciola gigantica Circulating Antigen in Sera of Infected Individuals for Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Fascioliasis
Authors: Attallah Abdelfattah M. , Bughdadi Faisal A. , El-Shazly Atef M. , Ismail Hisham 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTCurrently, the laboratory diagnosis of human fascioliasis is based on the parasitological examination of parasite eggs in stool specimens and serological detection of specific antibodies in serum samples, which are often unreliable diagnostic approaches. Ideally, a sensitive and specific diagnostic test forFasciolainfection should be based on the detection of circulatingFasciolaantigen, which implies active infection. Here, a 27-kDa-molecular-mass antigen was identified in aFasciola giganticaadult worm antigen preparation, excretory-secretory products, and sera fromF. gigantica-infected individuals, and it was not detected in antigenic extracts of other parasites and sera from noninfected individuals. The target antigen was isolated and partially characterized as a protein. Immunoperoxidase staining located the target epitope within teguments and guts ofF. giganticaadult worms. The performance characteristics of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based onF. giganticacirculating antigen detection in serum (FgCA-27 ELISA) were investigated using sera of 120 parasitologically diagnosedF. gigantica-infected individuals and 80 noninfected individuals. The area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for ELISA was significantly high (AUC = 0.961,P< 0.0001) for discriminatingFasciola-infected and noninfected individuals. The developed assay showed high degrees of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency (>93%), and a significant correlation (r= 0.715,P< 0.0001) between antigen level and parasite egg count was shown. In conclusion, a 27-kDaFasciolaantigen was identified in sera ofF. gigantica-infected individuals. A highly sensitive and specificFasciolaantigen detection assay, FgCA-27 ELISA, was developed for laboratory diagnosis of human fascioliasis.
Diagnostic Value of Cytokines and Chemokines in Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Authors: Cerar T. , Ogrinc K. , Lotrič-Furlan S. , Kobal J. , Levičnik-Stezinar S. , Strle F. , Ružić-Sabljić E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe aims of the present study were to assess the concentrations of different cytokines and chemokines in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and to identify the possible marker(s) that would enable a distinction between clinically evident and suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, as well as between Lyme neuroborreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Our additional interest was to evaluate the relationship between cytokine and chemokine concentrations andBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latoisolation from CSF, as well as intrathecal synthesis of specific borrelial antibodies. We found that higher concentrations of CXCL13 and lower concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in serum were associated with higher odds for clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis compared to suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, as well as to TBE. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL13 in the CSF were higher in patients with evident Lyme neuroborreliosis than in those who were only suspected to have the disease. A comparison of CSF cytokine and chemokine levels in patients with and without intrathecal synthesis of specific borrelial antibodies revealed that CXCL13 CSF concentration is significantly associated with intrathecal synthesis of borrelial antibodies. A comparison of the cytokine and chemokine CSF concentrations in patients with clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis according to CSF culture results revealed that higher concentrations of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were associated with lower odds ofBorreliaisolation. Although several differences in the blood serum and CSF concentrations of various cytokines and chemokines between the groups were found, the distinctive power of the majority of these findings is low. Further research on well-defined groups of patients is needed to appraise the potential diagnostic usefulness of these concentrations.
Septicemia Caused by Leifsonia aquatica in a Healthy Patient after Retinal Reattachment Surgery
Authors: Han Lei , Lei Jin-e , Wang Xue , Guo Li-tao , Kang Qian-yan , He Li , Xu Ji-ru 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Leifsonia aquatica
is an aquatic bacterium that is typically found in environmental water habitats. Infections due to
L. aquatica
are rare and commonly catheter associated in immunocompromised patients. We report the first case of an acute septicemia caused by
L. aquatica
in a healthy immunocompetent host after cryopexy in the absence of a catheter.
Preoperative Aspiration Culture for Preoperative Diagnosis of Infection in Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Qu Xinhua , Zhai Zanjing , Wu Chuanlong , Jin Fangchun , Li Haowei , Wang Lei , Liu Guangwang , Liu Xuqiang , Wang Wengang , Li Huiwu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhu Zhenan , Dai Kerong 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
This meta-analysis evaluated preoperative aspiration culture for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.78) and 0.95 (0.93 to 0.97), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed nonsignificant worse diagnostic performance for THA than for TKA (sensitivity, 0.70 versus 0.78; specificity, 0.94 versus 0.96). Preoperative aspiration culture has moderate to high sensitivity and very high specificity for diagnosing PJI.