bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Products of the Reaction Between 6‐Amine‐1,3‐dimethyl Uracil and Bis‐Chalcones Induce Cytotoxicity with Massive Vacuolation on HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell Line.
Authors: Solano Jose D. , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNew compounds (III) and (V) display cytotoxicity with massive vacuolation in different human cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Phosphorylated Uracil Derivatives: Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Between Uracil and Dialkyl Phosphites.
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Kim Sung Hwan , Lim Cheol Hee , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOptimized conditions allow the direct phosphorylation of uracil substrates at position 5.
ChemInform Abstract: “All Water Chemistry” for a Concise Total Synthesis of the Novel Class Antianginal Drug (RS), (R), and (S)‐Ranolazine.
Authors: Kommi Damodara N. , Kumar Dinesh , Chakraborti Asit K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe total synthesis of the novel class antianginal drug ranolazine in its racemic (I) and enantiopure forms is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzothiazepinones (BTZs) as Novel Non‐ATP Competitive Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β).
Authors: Zhang Peng , Hu Hai‐Rong , Bian Shi‐Hui , Huang Zhao‐Hui , Chu Yong , Ye De‐Yong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA variety of benzothiazepinone derivatives (V) (25 examples) are synthesized as novel non‐ATP competitive inhibitors of GSK‐3β based on the cyclization of 2‐aminobenzenethiol with acrylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Aqueous Synthesis of 6‐Ferrocenyl Pyridin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Ping , Ding Jie , Ma Ning , Jiang Bo , Xu Li‐Chun , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTitle compounds are conveniently synthesized in good yields and with reduced environmental impact.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Bicyclic Depsipeptides Spiruchostatins C and D and Investigation of Their Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory and Antiproliferative Activities.
Authors: Narita Koichi , Fukui Yurie , Sano Yui , Yamori Takao , Ito Akihiro , Yoshida Minoru , Katoh Tadashi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSpiruchostatins C (Ia) and D (Ib) possess extremely potent inhibitory activities against cyclic depsipeptide histone deacetylase 1, better than previously known spiruchostatins A and B and the clinically approved depsipeptide FK228.
ChemInform Abstract: Classification of Lattice Defects in the Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 Earth‐Abundant Solar Cell Absorbers
Authors: Chen Shiyou , Walsh Aron , Gong Xin‐Gao , Wei Su‐Huai 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReview: emphasis on recent theoretical studies; 137 refs.
High‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in women aged <30 years has a prevalence pattern resembling low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Authors: Vale Diama B. , Westin Maria C. , Zeferino Luiz C. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDCervical cytology is the cervical cancer screening test for women aged <30 years because of the low specificity of human papillomavirus tests in this age group. The Bethesda System classifies cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN 2) and grade 3 (CIN 3) as high‐grade intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). In this study, the authors subclassified cytologic HSIL as suggestive of CIN 2 (HSIL‐CIN 2) or CIN 3 (HSIL‐CIN 3) and evaluated whether there was a correlation between these findings and age for screened and unscreened women.METHODSThe study included 2,002,472 cervical smears collected from women who had at least 1 previous test (screened) and 217,826 previously untested women (unscreened). The laboratory has been using the Bethesda System since 1998 with the subcategorization of HSIL‐CIN 2 and HSIL‐CIN 3.RESULTSFor unscreened women, the prevalence of low‐grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and HSIL‐CIN 2 decreased with age, whereas the prevalence of HSIL‐CIN 3 increased. The prevalence of HSIL‐CIN 2 was greater than that of HSIL‐CIN 3 for women up to age 29 years (prevalence ratio [PR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.90‐5.75) and lower for the groups ages 30 to 49 years (PR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.87) and ≥50 years (PR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.36). For screened women, the prevalence of HSIL‐CIN 2 also was greater in the group aged ≤29 years (PR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.49‐2.97).CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence pattern of HSIL suggestive of CIN 2 resembled the pattern observed in LSIL and was more prevalent than HSIL suggestive of CIN 3 in younger women. The impact of screening was less evident when HSIL was suggestive of CIN 2. A conservative approach for younger women who have HSIL is important for management guidance. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:576–581. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Register spilling via transformed interference equations for PAC DSP architecture
Authors: Wu Chung‐Ju , Lu Chia‐Han , Lee Jenq Kuen 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYDigital signal processors (DSPs) with very long instruction word (VLIW) data‐path architectures are increasingly being deployed on embedded devices for multimedia processing applications. To reduce the power consumption and design cost of VLIW DSP processors, distributed register files and multibank register architectures are being adopted to reduce the number of read and write ports associated with register files, which presents new challenges for devising compiler optimization schemes. This paper addresses the issues of reducing the spill code for a VLIW DSP with distributed register files. Spill code produced by register allocation is traditionally handled by memory spills, but the multibank register‐file architecture provides the opportunity to spill‐out register values onto different register banks. We present a conceptual framework based on the universal and the proxy interference graphs to model the live ranges of registers for spilling codes to different register banks. Heuristic algorithms are then developed on the basis of this concept. By heuristically estimating the register pressure for each register file, we treat different register banks as optional spilling locations in addition to traditional spilling to memory. Experiments were performed on the parallel architecture core VLIW DSP with distributed register files by incorporating our proposed optimization schemes into an Open64‐based compiler. The experimental results show that our approach can improve the performances on average for DSPStone and MiBench benchmarks with spilling cases by 7.1% and 21.6%, respectively, compared with the one always handling spill code in memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does your dominant hand become less dominant with time? The effects of aging and task complexity on hand selection
Authors: Gooderham Spencer E , Bryden Pamela J 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe present article examines the lateralization of hand use throughout the lifespan with an emphasis on aging beyond adulthood. The experimental paradigm utilizes a novel observational method to determine the effects of task complexity, a currently misunderstood factor in hand selection. Current literature is contradictory in that some suggest an increase in motor dominance with age, while more recent work has suggested an approach to ambidexterity. Cross‐sectional samples of 80 participants (20 between 2 and 4 years, 20 between 10 and 14 years, 20 between 18 and 25 years, 20 over 65 years) were asked to complete the Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire, Tapley–Bryden Dot Marking Task, and the newly designed Task Complexity Gradient. Contrary to previous suggestions, the current findings suggest neither an increase or decrease in laterality, but that motor dominance remains consistent throughout adulthood. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of motor dominance throughout the lifespan and the factors that determine hand selection. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 537–546, 2014.
Environmental toxicity of PFCs: An enhanced integrated biomarker assessment and structure–activity analysis
Authors: Liu Changhui , Chang Victor W.C. , Gin Karina Y.H. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) are a group of compounds with varying carbon chains and functional groups. Currently, available toxicity studies of PFCs are limited mainly to dominant species. While many other PFCs are detected in the environment and biota, it is important to extend toxicity studies to different types of PFCs to better assess their environmental and ecological impacts. In the present study, the environmental toxicity of perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluoroocanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid were evaluated in green mussel, Perna viridis, using a new and improved integrated biomarker approach, the enhanced integrated biomarker response (EIBR) system, with biomarkers from multiple biological levels. Structure–activity relationships were also examined based on the biomarker results. The results show that the 4 PFCs have distinct toxicity patterns and the integrative toxicity, in terms of the EIBR value, is governed by the fluorinated chain length. In addition to commonly recognized chain length and functional group effects, several structural factors are also involved in the toxic actions of PFCs, including hydrophobicity and molecular size, and so on. By integrating biomarkers from multiple biological levels with weight-of-evidence, the proposed EIBR provides a new perspective and an ecologically relevant assessment of the environmental toxicity of the pollutants. The results of EIBR and structure–activity analysis are also useful to predict toxic behaviors of other PFCs in the group and facilitate the decision-making process. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2226–2233. © 2013 SETAC
The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
Authors: Gardiner William W. , Word Jack Q. , Word Jack D. , Perkins Robert A. , McFarlin Kelly M. , Hester Brian W. , Word Lucinda S. , Ray Collin M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis, juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), and larval sculpin (Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions representative of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the ice-free season. The toxicity of 3 water-accommodated fractions (WAF) of Alaska North Slope crude oil was examined with spiked, declining exposures. A dispersant-only test was conducted with the copepod C. glacialis. Each preparation with oil (WAF, breaking wave WAF [BWWAF], and chemically enhanced WAF [CEWAF]) produced distinct suites of hydrocarbon constituents; the total concentrations of oil were lowest in WAF and highest in CEWAF preparations. The relative sensitivity for the different species and age classes was similar within each WAF type. Median lethal concentration values based on total petroleum hydrocarbons ranged from 1.6 mg/L to 4.0 mg/L for WAF and BWWAF treatments and from 22 mg/L to 62 mg/L for CEWAF. For Corexit 9500 exposures, median lethal concentration values ranged from 17 mg/L to 50 mg/L. The differences in the relative toxicity among the accommodated fractions indicated that the majority of petroleum hydrocarbons in the CEWAF are in less acutely toxic forms than the components that dominate the WAF or BWWAF. Further evaluation showed that the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, specifically naphthalene, were highly correlated to acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2284–2300. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Peridoicals, Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cost‐effective monitoring of ground motion related to earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic activity by joint use of a single‐frequency GPS and a MEMS accelerometer
Authors: Tu R. , Wang R. , Ge M. , Walter T. R. , Ramatschi M. , Milkereit C. , Bindi D. , Dahm T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReal‐time detection and precise estimation of strong ground motion are crucial for rapid assessment and early warning of geohazards such as earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic activity. This challenging task can be accomplished by combining GPS and accelerometer measurements because of their complementary capabilities to resolve broadband ground motion signals. However, for implementing an operational monitoring network of such joint measurement systems, cost‐effective techniques need to be developed and rigorously tested. We propose a new approach for joint processing of single‐frequency GPS and MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) accelerometer data in real time. To demonstrate the performance of our method, we describe results from outdoor experiments under controlled conditions. For validation, we analyzed dual‐frequency GPS data and images recorded by a video camera. The results of the different sensors agree very well, suggesting that real‐time broadband information of ground motion can be provided by using single‐frequency GPS and MEMS accelerometers.
The Transfer Moment: The Pivotal Partnership Between Community Colleges and Four‐Year Institutions in Securing the Nation's College Completion Agenda
Authors: Handel Stephen J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis chapter addresses transfer from a community college to a four‐year institution, an important pathway for students seeking the bachelor's degree, especially students from underserved groups. The transfer pathway will be an increasingly important source of bachelor's degree holders as colleges and universities strive to meet President Obama's college completion agenda.
ARE HEALTH SHOCKS DIFFERENT? EVIDENCE FROM A MULTISHOCK SURVEY IN LAOS
Authors: Wagstaff Adam , Lindelow Magnus 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTUsing primary data from Laos, we compare a broad range of different types of shocks in terms of their incidence, distribution between the poor and the better off, idiosyncrasy, costs, coping responses, and self‐reported impacts on well‐being. Health shocks are more common than most other shocks, more concentrated among the poor, more idiosyncratic, more costly, trigger more coping strategies, and highly likely to lead to a cut in consumption. Household members experiencing a health shock lost, on average, 0.6 point on a five‐point health scale; the wealthier are better able to limit the health impacts of a health shock. Copyright © 2013 The World Bank Group.
To Infinity and Beyond: Using a Narrative Approach to Identify Training Needs for Unknown and Dynamic Situations
Authors: Dachner Alison M. , Saxton Brian M. , Noe Raymond A. , Keeton Kathryn E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTraining effectiveness depends on conducting a thorough needs assessment. Traditional needs assessment methods are insufficient for today's business environment characterized by rapid pace, risk, and uncertainty. To overcome the deficiencies of traditional needs assessment methods, a narrative‐based unstructured interview approach with subject matter experts (SMEs) is proposed for dynamic jobs in uncertain environments. First, the rationale for a narrative approach to training needs assessment is presented. Second, the utility of a narrative approach is examined using SME interviews from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to identify crew training needs for a future long duration mission. Third, the value of a narrative approach and importance of training are discussed with respect to the NASA interview results along with managerial and theoretical implications.
Refolding of biotech therapeutic proteins expressed in bacteria: review
Authors: Rathore Anurag S. , Bade Pratap , Joshi Varsha , Pathak Mili , Pattanayek Sudip K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe efficiency of the protein refolding process lies in identification of the optimal conditions. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome to achieve this. This review first describes the protein refolding process that is utilized presently for production of protein therapeutics. Next, it discusses the various shortcomings that exist with respect to the present approach. The focus of the paper is on presentation of the significant advancements that have been made in the past decade in the various aspects of protein folding, including use of bioinformatics, mechanistic modeling, analytical monitoring, process optimization, use of additives, high throughput development, on‐column refolding, Quality by Design (QbD), Process Analytical Technology (PAT), and process intensification. Finally, an approach is proposed that incorporates the best practices that have been identified in the various areas. The paper is expected to be of interest to those in academia and industry working in the area of protein refolding. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characteristics of nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide production in CANON process
Authors: Xiao Pengying , Cai Qing , Zhang Daijun , Yao Zongbao , Lu Peili 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmmonia (NH3) was converted to dinitrogen gas (N2) cooperating between ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) with low amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) as the side‐product in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. Contributions of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) by AnAOB and nitrifer denitrification by AOB for nitrogen (N) removal and the characteristics of N2O production were investigated comprehensively in this study.RESULTSAnAOB was the dominant contributor to autotrophic nitrogen removal, and the contributions from nitrifier denitrification were less than 13.55% of the N removal. Nitrite (NO2‐) addition increased the N removal rate of the CANON process under oxygen limiting conditions; N2O primarily produced from nitrifier denitrification by AOB was 0.41–7.25% of the N removal, and there was a positive correlation between NO2‐ concentration and N2O production. Under anaerobic conditions, 10 mmol L−1 methanol did not completely inhibit the activity of AnAOB, but N2O production rate was significantly decreased with the addition of methanol.CONCLUSIONThe contribution from nitrifier denitrification by AOB was less than 13.55% of the N removal, and AnAOB played an impotent role in N2O production by providing hydroxylamine as an electron donor for AOB to reduce NO2‐ in the CANON process. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Extreme precipitation events in the Middle East: Dynamics of the Active Red Sea Trough
Authors: de Vries A. J. , Tyrlis E. , Edry D. , Krichak S. O. , Steil B. , Lelieveld J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Active Red Sea Trough (ARST) is an infrequent weather phenomenon that is associated with extreme precipitation, flash floods, and severe societal impacts in the Middle East (ME). Using reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) and observational precipitation (Aphrodite and stations) data, we investigate its underlying dynamics, geographical extent, and seasonality. Twelve ARST events affecting the Levant have the same dynamical characteristics as those associated with a major flood in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) on 25 November 2009. Hence, the Jeddah flooding was caused by an ARST, which implies that ARSTs can affect a much larger part of the ME than previously assumed. We present an ARST concept involving six dynamical factors: (1) a low‐level trough; the Red Sea Trough (RST), (2) an anticyclone over the Arabian Peninsula; the Arabian Anticyclone (AA), (3) a transient midlatitude upper trough, (4) an intensified subtropical jet stream, (5) moisture transport pathways, and (6) strong ascent resulting from tropospheric instability and the synoptic‐scale dynamical forcing. We explain the ARST as the interaction of a persistent stationary wave in the tropical easterlies (i.e., the RST) with a superimposed amplifying Rossby wave, resulting in northward propagating moist air masses over the Red Sea. Our findings emphasize the relevance of the AA, causing moisture transport from the Arabian and Red Seas. The particular topography in the Red Sea region and associated low‐level circulation makes the ARST unique among tropical‐extratropical interactions. The ARST seasonality is explained by the large‐scale circulation and in particular the seasonal cycle of the semipermanent quasi‐stationary RST and AA.
Human rhinoviruses in INDIS‐study material—evidence for recovery of viable rhinovirus from fecal specimens
Authors: Savolainen‐Kopra Carita , Simonen‐Tikka Marja‐Leena , Klemola Päivi , Blomqvist Soile , Suomenrinne Sointu , Näntö‐Salonen Kirsti , Simell Olli , Roivainen Merja 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe significance of human rhinoviruses (HRV) as prevailing respiratory pathogens has sharpened during the recent years followed by implementation of molecular methods in detection. Rhinoviruses are detected exceedingly in hospitalized cases of respiratory infection with varying severity, in addition to being frequent in cases of common cold. The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrence of HRV in a prospective study material. The prospective INDIS material comprises nasopharyngeal (N = 429) and fecal (N = 425) specimens from children under 11 years of age collected during any clinical infection. Validated real‐time RT‐PCR assays were applied for the detection of HRV. HRV were detected numerously not only in the nasopharyngeal specimens, but a myriad also in fecal specimens, 236 (55.0%) and 149 (35.1%), respectively, fecal findings actually beyond anticipation. A total of 13 of HRV‐positive fecal specimens were selected for genetic typing in the VP4/VP2 coding region. HRV‐A strains were detected in seven specimens: HRV‐A9, ‐A10, ‐A24, ‐A49, ‐A56 and ‐A82. HRV‐B—strains were detected three times: HRV‐B42 and ‐B79, and HRV‐C twice: HRV‐C12 and HRV‐Cpat4. HRV‐B42 also showed cytopathic effect in cell culture, confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR and VP4/VP2 sequencing, suggesting presence of viable HRV in fecal specimens. J. Med. Virol. 85:1466–1472, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of cytomegalovirus and epstein‐barr virus infection in cervical lesions in Portugal
Authors: Marinho‐Dias Joana , Ribeiro Joana , Monteiro Paula , Loureiro Joana , Baldaque Inês , Medeiros Rui , Sousa Hugo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTInfection by high‐risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered necessary but not sufficient for the development of cervical cancer. Previous studies suggested that cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein‐barr virus (EBV) could be co‐factors of HPV‐associated carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of CMV and EBV and evaluate its association with the development cervical lesions in Portugal. The prevalence of CMV and EBV infections was determined by real‐time PCR in 89 cervical samples from women with different histological lesions, who attended the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto. This study revealed an overall prevalence of 4.5% for CMV and 10.1% for EBV. Age‐stratified analysis revealed that CMV infection was present in individuals <30 and >60 years old, while EBV infection was present in all age groups. CMV was detected in 9.5% of low‐grade lesions and in 22.2% of in situ/invasive carcinomas, while EBV infection was found in all different types of lesions. In addition, data revealed that CMV infection was associated with an increased risk of in situ/invasive carcinoma development (OR = 1.28; P = 0.035). The study reveals a low prevalence for both viruses; nevertheless, these results are important for knowledge on the shedding of EBV and CMV in cervical samples. J. Med. Virol. 85:1409–1413, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.