bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ausführungstechnische Einflüsse auf Aspekte der Tragsicherheit von Grouted Joints
Authors: Lohaus Ludger , Werner Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGrouted Joints sind Rohr‐in‐Rohr‐Steckverbindungen, die typischerweise beim Bau von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen verwendet werden. Sie verbinden beispielsweise die gerammten Gründungspfähle mit dem aufgehenden Teil der Unterstruktur bei allen bislang in Deutschland verwendeten Bauarten vom Monopile bis zum Jacket. Der Ringspalt zwischen den Rohren unterschiedlichen Durchmessers, der zum Ausgleich von Exzentrizitäten und Schiefstellungen aus dem Rammprozess erforderlich ist, wird auf hoher See mit einem hochfesten Feinkornbeton (Grout) verfüllt, um eine kraft‐ und formschlüssige Verbindung herzustellen.In diesem Fachaufsatz wird auf den Stand der Normung, auf die ausführungsbedingten Besonderheiten und den Verfüllvorgang selbst eingegangen. Aufgezeigt werden die Anforderungen an die Materialeigenschaften zur Sicherstellung eines störimgsfreien Verfüllvorgangs. Weiterhin wird der Ausführungsprozess analysiert, um mögliche Fehlerfaktoren ausfindig zu machen. Es werden zwei Ansätze zur experimentellen Simulation von Verfüllvorgängen im Labor‐ und im Großmaßstab vorgestellt. Daraus können Erkenntnisse bezgl. der Fließwege des Materials im Ringspalt hergeleitet werden. Weiterhin werden Ergebnisse zur Materialdruckfestigkeit, die aus Proben aus solchen Verfüllversuchen gewonnen wurden, diskutiert.Influences of in situ production of grouted joints on aspects of structural safetyGrouted joints represent tube‐in‐tube connections which are typically used for the construction of offshore wind turbines. These connections connect, for example, the driven pile to the topside of the substructure of all constructions used in Germany up to now, from monopiles to jacket substructures. The gap between the tubes of different sizes is later filled with a high‐performance grout to secure a force‐ and form‐fitting connection. These connections compensate the tolerances caused by the pile‐driving process.This scientific paper shows the regulations used for grouted joints and the special characteristics of the filling process itself. The requirements of the material behavior of grout to secure an undisturbed filling process are also shown. Furthermore, the erection process and possible failures during this process are analyzed. Two approaches for the experimental simulation of the filling process are shown in laboratory scale and in real scale. Hence, new results considering the flow behaviour of grout materials in the gap of grouted joints can be derived. Finally, results of these filling tests considering the compressive strength are shown and discussed.
Bidimensional sustainability analysis of lignocellulosic ethanol production processes. Method and case study
Authors: Sanchez Arturo , Magaña Gabriela , Gomez Diego , Solís Mario , Banares‐Alcantara Rene 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA method is proposed to analyze the environmental and economic sustainability of biorefineries producing lignocellulosic ethanol. The bidimensional method builds on the conceptual design of the production facility (mathematical models of mass and energy balances of each process stage, equipment sizing, and capital costing models) thus enabling the analysis of prospective technologies. The conceptual design articulates the relations among process stages as impact generators (IIG), stakeholders (and their concerns) as impact receivers (EIR), and indicators to measure the environmental and economic impacts of the process facility. Indicators are formulated as functions of process variables and parameters. Overall impacts for each domain are calculated by weighting the indicators using appropriate dimensional functions and scaling factors. Using the proposed method, the conceptual design of a standard biochemical biorefinery provides the basis for building a sustainability framework comprising 15 indicators. While some of the obtained indicators are ubiquitous in the literature, other less common yet important are identified. A case study illustrates the use of the sustainability framework. A single‐product biorefinery is compared against a multi‐product scheme, showing that single‐product schemes may prove, under certain conditions, more sustainable than their multi‐product counterparts. The sustainability framework provides the rationale to clearly identify the causality from IIG to metric values. This information may be used to support the decisions regarding possible improvements of IIG or modifications of weighting parameters in the dimensional functions in order improve the sustainability of the processes under consideration. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Neuentwicklung eines Ladungsrückhaltesystems aus textilbewehrten Betonfertigteilen
Authors: Thorn Kay‐Uwe , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDie beiden weltweit bisher bekannten Ladungsrückhaltesysteme werden in Stahlbauweise ausgeführt. Bei diesen stählernen Systemen wird die Anprallenergie des Ladungsgegenstands ausschließlich durch Deformationsenergie der Rückhaltekonstruktion verzehrt werden. Dies führt bereits bei einem vergleichsweise geringen Ladungsanprall zu nennenswerten Reparatur‐ bzw. Erneuerungsarbeiten der deformierten Schutzeinrichtung mit den damit verbundenen Beeinträchtigungen des Straßenverkehrs und den daraus resultierenden Unterhaltungskosten.Bisher ist noch keine Schutzeinrichtung in Massivbauweise bekannt, deren Funktion ausschließlich darin besteht, im Bedarfsfall die transportierte Ladung eines abkommenden Fahrzeugs zurückzuhalten. Daher wurde ein Ladungsrückhaltesystem aus textilbewehrten Betonfertigteilen entwickelt, bei dem die kinetische Energie des Ladungsgegenstands durch reversible Konstruktionsverformungen unter Nutzung der Massenträgheit des Betons und, ab einem möglichen höheren Energieniveau der anprallenden Ladung, durch irreversible Verformungen einer speziellen Deformationsschicht dissipiert wird.Der Beitrag beschreibt den Aufbau und die Funktionsweise des entwickelten Ladungsrückhaltesystems. Weiterhin wird ein Bemessungsvorschlag zu dem als Koppelelement wirkenden textilbewehrten Betondübel mit Kreisquerschnitt vorgestellt, dessen Querkrafttragfähigkeit aus statischen und dynamischen Versuchen abgeleitet wurde.New development of a load restraint system of textile reinforced precast concrete units: design proposal to the textile reinforced concrete anchor with circular cross‐section that is acting as a coupling elementThe two load restraint systems that are globally known so far are produced in steel construction. For those steel systems the impact energy of the load object will be consumed exclusively by deformation energy of the restraint system. This already leads at a comparatively low load impact to considerable repair or replace works of the deformed safety barrier with the connected reductions of the road traffic and the maintenance costs resulting from it.Up to now there is no safety barrier known in solid construction whose function consists exclusively in holding back the transported load of a vehicle running off the road, if necessary. Therefore a load restraint system of textile reinforced precast concrete units has been developed, where the kinetic energy of the load object is converted in reversible construction deformations under the use of concrete mass inertia and, from a possible higher energy level of the load object, in irreversible deformations of a special deformation layer.The contribution discusses the construction and the function of the developed load restraint system. Furthermore a design proposal is presented to the textile reinforced concrete anchor with circular cross‐section that is acting as a coupling element and whose shear force capacity was derived from static and dynamic tests.
Functional relationship between matrix metalloproteinase‐11 and matrix metalloproteinase‐14
Authors: Buache Emilie , Thai Robert , Wendling Corinne , Alpy Fabien , Page Adeline , Chenard Marie‐Pierre , Dive Vincent , Ruff Marc , Dejaegere Annick , Tomasetto Catherine , Rio Marie‐Christine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMMP‐11 is a key factor in physiopathological tissue remodeling. As an active form is secreted, its activity must be tightly regulated to avoid detrimental effects. Although TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 reversibly inhibit MMP‐11, another more drastic scenario, presumably via hydrolysis, could be hypothesized. In this context, we have investigated the possible implication of MMP‐14, since it exhibits a spatiotemporal localization similar to MMP‐11. Using native HFL1‐produced MMP‐11 and HT‐1080‐produced MMP‐14 as well as recombinant proteins, we show that MMP‐11 is a MMP‐14 substrate. MMP‐14 cleaves MMP‐11 catalytic domain at the PGG(P1)‐I(P1′)LA and V/IQH(P1)‐L(P1′)YG scissile bonds, two new cleavage sites. Interestingly, a functional test showed a dramatical reduction in MMP‐11 enzymatic activity when incubated with active MMP‐14, whereas inactive point‐mutated MMP‐14 had no effect. This function is conserved between human and mouse. Thus, in addition to the canonical reversible TIMP‐dependent inhibitory system, irreversible MMP proteolytic inactivation might occur by cleavage of the catalytic domain in a MMP‐dependent manner. Since MMP‐14 is produced by HT‐1080 cancer cells, whereas MMP‐11 is secreted by HFL1 stromal cells, our findings support the emerging importance of tumor‐stroma interaction/cross‐talk. Moreover, they highlight a Janus‐faced MMP‐14 function in the MMP cascade, favoring activation of several pro‐MMPs, but limiting MMP‐11 activity. Finally, both MMPs are active at the cell periphery. Since MMP‐14 is present at the cell membrane, whereas MMP‐11 is soluble into the cellular microenvironment, this MMP‐14 function might represent one critical regulatory mechanism to control the extent of pericellular MMP‐11 bioavailability and protect cells from excessive/inappropriate MMP‐11 function.
A prospective trial comparing FDG‐PET/CT and CT to assess tumor response to cetuximab in patients with incurable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Adkins Douglas , Ley Jessica , Dehdashti Farrokh , Siegel Marilyn J. , Wildes Tanya M. , Michel Loren , Trinkaus Kathryn , Siegel Barry A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractComputed tomography (CT), the standard method to assess tumor response to cetuximab in incurable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), performs poorly as judged by the disparity between high disease control rate (46%) and short time to progression (TTP) (70 days). F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/CT is an alternative method to assess tumor response. The primary objective of this prospective trial was to evaluate the metabolic response of target lesions, assessed as the change in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on FDG‐PET/CT before and after 8 weeks (cycle 1) of cetuximab. Secondary objectives were to compare tumor response by CT (RECIST 1.0) and FDG‐PET/CT (EORTC criteria) following cycle 1, and determine TTP with continued cetuximab administration in patients with disease control by CT after cycle 1 but stratified for disease control or progression by FDG‐PET/CT. Among 27 patients, the mean percent change of SUVmax of target lesions after cycle 1 was −21% (range: +72% to −81%); by FDG‐PET/CT, partial response (PR)/stable disease (SD) occurred in 15 patients (56%) and progression in 12 (44%), whereas by CT, PR/SD occurred in 20 (74%) and progression in 7 (26%). FDG‐PET/CT and CT assessments were discordant in 14 patients (P = 0.0029) and had low agreement (κ = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12, 0.48). With disease control by CT after cycle 1, median TTP was 166 days (CI: 86, 217) if the FDG‐PET/CT showed disease control and 105 days (CI: 66, 159) if the FDG‐PET/CT showed progression (P < 0.0001). Median TTP of the seven patients whose post cycle 1 CT showed progression compared to the 12 whose FDG‐PET/CT showed progression were similar (53 [CI: 49, 56] vs. 61 [CI: 50, 105] days, respectively). FDG‐PET/CT may be better than CT in assessing benefit of cetuximab in incurable SCCHN.
Efficient and Selective Hydrogen Generation from Bioethanol using Ruthenium Pincer‐type Complexes
Authors: Sponholz Peter , Mellmann Dörthe , Cordes Christoph , Alsabeh Pamela G. , Li Bin , Li Yang , Nielsen Martin , Junge Henrik , Dixneuf Pierre , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCatalytic generation of hydrogen from aqueous ethanol solution proceeds in the presence of pincer‐type transition metal catalysts. Optimal results are obtained applying a [Ru(H)(Cl)(CO)(iPr2PEtN(H)EtPiPr2)] complex (catalyst TON 80 000) in the presence of water and base. This dehydrogenation reaction provides up to 70 % acetic acid in a selective manner. For the first time, it is shown that bioethanol obtained from fermentation processes can be used directly in this protocol without the need for water removal. The produced hydrogen can be directly utilized in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, since very low amounts of CO are formed.
On hyperbolic laws of capacitor discharge through self‐timed digital loads
Authors: Yakovlev Alexandre , Kushnerov Alexander , Mokhov Andrey , Ramezani Reza 
Published: August 2014

SummaryA new model to predict the dynamic behavior of a self‐timed autonomous digital system powered by a capacitor is derived. The model demonstrates the hyperbolic shape of the discharging process on the capacitor. It allows a symbolic analysis of the discharging process for complex digital loads comprised of series (stack) and parallel configurations of digital circuits. For example, for a stack configuration, important non‐trivial relationships between the hyperbolic discharging rates have been derived based on the knowledge of the velocity saturation index (alpha) of the semiconductor devices used in the digital part. For a realistic (modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices) value of alpha = 1.5, the discharging process for a stack of two identical circuits proceeds nearly three times slower than that of any of the stand‐alone circuits. This shows a potential way of extending the lifetime of the energy sources by means of stacking self‐timed circuits. Although the analysis is based on configurations consisting of ring oscillators in CMOS technology, the analysis method can be extended to other types of self‐timed systems and other semiconductor technologies in which the instantaneous switching activity of the digital load is determined by the instantaneous voltage levels provided by the capacitive power transfer mechanism. The analytical derivations have been validated by simulations and experiments carried out with real hardware. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gradually adaptive recommendation based on semantic mapping of users′ interest correlations
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhou Xiaokang , Jin Qun 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a gradually adaptive recommendation model based on the combination of both users' commonalities and individualities that depend on the semantic mapping of users' interest correlations. We analyze users' information access behaviors and histories to extract users' interests and trace their transitions. In details, according to a set of bookmark tags classified by a semantic means, the pages accessed by users are assigned into several tag classes, which will finally be clustered into different groups in accordance with the types of interests that belong to two categories: personal and common interests, respectively. Based on the detection of users' interest focus transitions through interactions between users, we provide a series of information seeking actions in sequence to the target users. Besides, according to the reference groups which are defined to describe different relations with the target users, the successful experience is extracted and recommended. After the description of the definitions and measures, the mechanism to infer the interest focus, the system architecture and experimental evaluation results are described and demonstrated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4‐Acetylthio‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl Group as an Esterase‐ and Thermo‐Labile Protecting Group for Oligomeric Phosphodiesters
Authors: Leisvuori Anna , Lönnberg Harri , Ora Mikko 
Published: August 2014

Abstract(4‐Acetylthio‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl)‐protected oligomeric phosphodiesters 1 and 2 were synthesized and removal of the protecting groups in the presence and absence of hog liver esterase was followed at pH 7.5 and 37 °C. Phosphotriesters 1 and 2 were successfully converted into the desired fully deprotected phosphodiesters 3 and 4, respectively. Some cleavage of internucleosidic P–O bonds took place, which reduced the yield of 3 and 4. Non‐enzymatic removal of the protecting group was only modestly retarded by accumulation of negative charge on the molecule. With 1, the half‐lives for the departure of the first and second protecting groups were 7.8 and 10.7 h, respectively, and with 2, 6.2 and 7.2 h, respectively. After 4 d, 70 % of both starting materials 1 and 2 were converted into the unprotected phosphodiester. The presence of hog liver esterase (2.6 units mL–1) resulted in fast removal of the first protecting group (τ1/2 2.7 min and 36 min with 1 and 2, respectively), but the appearance of fully deprotected 3 and 4 was accelerated only by a factor of 2, consistent with dramatic retardation of the enzymatic reaction upon accumulation of the negative charge.
Multi‐Branched Multi‐Anchoring Metal‐Free Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Manfredi Norberto , Cecconi Bianca , Abbotto Alessandro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMulti‐branched multi‐anchoring metal‐free dyes as photosensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are reviewed. The article outlines design strategies, main synthetic routes and optical and photovoltaic properties of two families of multi‐branched sensitizers: (a) D–(π–A)n (D = donor, π = π‐spacer, A = acceptor/anchoring functionality) structures containing arylamine, carbazole, phenothiazine or phenoxazine derivatives as D groups, and (b) multi‐donor multi‐anchoring architectures from interconnected mono‐branched D–π–A arms, together with X‐ and Y‐shaped dyes. Although this class has been reported only in the last five years, a variety of molecular architectures, donors, and π‐spacers have been used and combined in multi‐branched molecules. The multi‐branched geometry induces distinctive features including enhanced qualitative and quantitative optical properties, increased currents and quantum efficiencies, and control of molecular aggregation.
Synthesis of Hexasubstituted Boron‐Dipyrromethenes Having a Different Combination of Substituents
Authors: Lakshmi Vellanki , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of sterically crowded, mixed hexasubstituted BODIPYs containing two different types of substituents on the pyrrole carbons have been synthesized in high yields by a stepwise approach. The mixed BODIPYs were synthesized by bromination of BODIPYs followed by coupling with appropriate boronic acids under Suzuki coupling conditions. This approach has allowed the introduction of two different types of methyl/aryl substituents at the designated positions of the BODIPY core. All the hexasubstituted BODIPYs are readily soluble in common organic solvents and have been characterized by various spectral and electrochemical techniques. The spectral studies indicated that the presence of mixed methyl/aryl substituents on the BODIPY core significantly alters the electronic properties, and the electrochemical studies revealed that the BODIPYs are stable under redox conditions.
Application of the holistic observation method on shield tunnel drives as a means of preventing disputes and conflict reduction in case of interruptions / Anwendung der ganzheitlichen Beobachtungsmethode bei Schildvortrieben als Mittel zur präventiven Streitvermeidung und Konfliktreduzierung bei Störsituationen
Authors: Handke Dieter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe consistent application of the observation method on shield tunnel drives can make a considerable contribution to preventative dispute avoidance and conflict reduction when issues occur. The observation method should include not only the monitoring and analysis of mechanical process data such as machine data, control parameters and data from the geotechnical instrumentation but also process control as the tunnel advances, which is documented in the following quality assurance documents: explanatory report, machine concept, incident analysis, specification, tunnelling machine handbook and the tunnelling plan before tunnelling and report after completion. This should be interpreted as a unit and is defined as the holistic observation method.Eine konsequente Umsetzung der Beobachtungsmethode kann bei Schildvortrieben einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur präventiven Streitvermeidung und Konfliktreduzierung bei Störsituationen leisten. Dabei soll die Beobachtungsmethode nicht nur die Überwachung und Analyse der maschinentechnischen Prozessdaten wie Maschinendaten, Steuerungsparameter und Daten aus dem geotechnischen Messprogramm einschließen, sondern auch die Kontrolle des vortriebsbedingten Prozessablaufs beinhalten, der durch die Qualitätssicherungselemente Erläuterungsbericht, Maschinenkonzept, Störfallanalyse, Pflichtenheft, Schildhandbuch und Vortriebsvor‐ und ‐nachschau dokumentiert ist. Dies ist als Einheit zu interpretieren und wird als ganzheitliche Beobachtungsmethode definiert.
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the histological degree of malignancy in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Ogawa Takahisa , Horaguchi Jun , Fujita Naotaka , Noda Yutaka , Kobayashi Go , Ito Kei , Koshita Shinsuke , Kanno Yoshihide , Masu Kaori , Sugita Reiji 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of high b‐value diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) for evaluating the histological degree of malignancy in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN).MethodsA total of 35 patients (mean age 68 ± 10 years, 23 males) who had undergone DWI before surgery were included in this study. Of these 35 patients, 13 had IPMN with low‐ or intermediate‐grade dysplasia, eight had IPMN with high‐grade dysplasia, and 14 had IPMN with an associated invasive carcinoma. We evaluated the positive signal rate on DWI and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of each pathology.ResultsThe positive signal rate on DWI of IPMN with low‐ or intermediate‐grade dysplasia, of IPMN with high‐grade dysplasia, and of IPMN with an associated invasive carcinoma were 0% (0/13), 38% (3/8), and 93% (13/14), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for malignancy (IPMN with high‐grade dysplasia or IPMN with an associated invasive carcinoma) using DWI were 73%, 100%, and 83%, respectively. The mean ADC value of malignancy was significantly lower than that of benignity (P = 0.002).ConclusionsDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, easily applicable in addition to conventional MRI, is considered an efficient modality for evaluating the histological degree of malignancy in patients with IPMN.
Precision Polymers through ADMET Polymerization
Authors: Schulz Michael D. , Wagener Kenneth B. 
Published: August 2014

Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization is a unique strategy for achieving polymers with precise control over the primary structure. This precision is obtained by specific monomer design and carefully controlled polymerization conditions. Over time, this approach has produced an array of sophisticated architectures ranging from precise polyethylenes, to hyperbranched polymers, to rotaxanes.
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