bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2012
Authors: Hwang Jongnam , Shon Changwoo 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and type 2 diabetes using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2012.DesignA pooled sample cross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative population survey data.ParticipantsA total of 14 330 individuals who participated in the KNHANES 2010–2012 were included in our analysis.Primary outcomePrevalence of type 2 diabetes.ResultsThe relationship between SES and type 2 diabetes was assessed using logistic regression after adjusting for covariates including age, gender, marital status, region, body mass index, physical activity, smoking and high-risk drinking behaviour. After adjustment for covariates, our results indicated that individuals with the lowest income were more likely to have type 2 diabetes than those with the highest income (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.72). In addition, lower educational attainment was an independent factor for a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Korea.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the need for developing a health policy to ameliorate socioeconomic inequalities, in particular income and education-related disparities in type 2 diabetes, along with risk factors at the individual level. In addition, future investigations of type 2 diabetes among Koreans should pay more attention to the social determinants of diabetes in order to understand the various causes of the condition.
Brain Tumor Cells in Circulation Are Enriched for Mesenchymal Gene Expression
Authors: Sullivan James P. , Nahed Brian V. , Madden Marissa W. , Oliveira Samantha M. , Springer Simeon , Bhere Deepak , Chi Andrew S. , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Rothenberg S. Michael , Sequist Lecia V. , Kapur Ravi , Shah Khalid , Iafrate A. John , Curry William T. , Loeffler Jay S. , Batchelor Tracy T. , Louis David N. , Toner Mehmet , Maheswaran Shyamala , Haber Daniel A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer characterized by local invasion and angiogenic recruitment, yet metastatic dissemination is extremely rare. Here, we adapted a microfluidic device to deplete hematopoietic cells from blood specimens of patients with GBM, uncovering evidence of circulating brain tumor cells (CTC). Staining and scoring criteria for GBM CTCs were first established using orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and then applied clinically: CTCs were identified in at least one blood specimen from 13 of 33 patients (39%; 26 of 87 samples). Single GBM CTCs isolated from both patients and mouse PDX models demonstrated enrichment for mesenchymal over neural differentiation markers compared with primary GBMs. Within primary GBMs, RNA in situ hybridization identified a subpopulation of highly migratory mesenchymal tumor cells, and in a rare patient with disseminated GBM, systemic lesions were exclusively mesenchymal. Thus, a mesenchymal subset of GBM cells invades the vasculature and may proliferate outside the brain.
Significance: GBMs are locally invasive within the brain but rarely metastasize to distant organs, exemplifying the debate over “seed” versus “soil.” We demonstrate that GBMs shed CTCs with invasive mesenchymal characteristics into the circulation. Rare metastatic GBM lesions are primarily mesenchymal and show additional mutations absent in the primary tumor. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1299–1309. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Seoane and De Mattos-Arruda, p. 1259
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1243
Effect of Single Tibial Artery Revascularization on Microcirculation in the Setting of Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Kawarada Osami , Yasuda Satoshi , Nishimura Kunihiro , Sakamoto Shingo , Noguchi Miyuki , Takahi Yasuomi , Harada Koichiro , Ishihara Masaharu , Ogawa Hisao 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Benefits of 2-dimensional (2D) angiosome-oriented infrapopliteal revascularization remain controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the effect of single tibial artery revascularization on the dorsal and plantar microcirculation of critically ischemic limbs based on skin perfusion pressure (SPP).

Methods and Results—

Fifty-seven interventions that only involved either anterior tibial artery (ATA) or posterior tibial artery (PTA) revascularization were included in this study. SPP was measured on the dorsal side (theoretically ATA perfusion area) and the plantar side (theoretically PTA perfusion area) before and after the procedure. Dorsal and plantar SPP increased significantly, from 33 (IQR 23–40.5) to 52 (IQR 32.5–65) mm Hg (
P
<0.0001) and 31.6±16.1 to 44.8±19.2 mm Hg (
P
=0.001) after ATA revascularization, respectively, and from 29.3±14.0 to 42.4±19.7 mm Hg (
P
=0.003) and 29.3±9.8 to 43.5±15.9 mm Hg (
P
<0.001) after PTA revascularization, respectively. Both ATA and PTA revascularization were not associated with any significant differences in ΔSPP between the dorsal and the plantar regions of the foot. Only 64% and 58% of ATA revascularization cases showed higher post-SPP and ΔSPP on the dorsal side than on the plantar side, respectively. Also, only 47% and 40% of PTA revascularization cases showed higher post-SPP and ΔSPP on the plantar side than on the dorsal side, respectively.

Conclusions—
Single tibial artery revascularization, whether of the ATA or PTA, yielded comparable improvements in microcirculation of the dorsal and plantar foot. Approximately half of the feet revascularized had a change in microcirculation that was not consistent with the 2D angiosome theory.
Social Network, Social Support, and Risk of Incident Stroke
Authors: Nagayoshi Mako , Everson-Rose Susan A. , Iso Hiroyasu , Mosley Thomas H. , Rose Kathryn M. , Lutsey Pamela L. 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Having a small social network and lack of social support have been associated with incident coronary heart disease; however, epidemiological evidence for incident stroke is limited. We assessed the longitudinal association of a small social network and lack of social support with risk of incident stroke and evaluated whether the association was partly mediated by vital exhaustion and inflammation.

Methods—
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study measured social network and social support in 13 686 men and women (mean, 57 years; 56% women; 24% black; 76% white) without a history of stroke. Social network was assessed by the 10-item Lubben Social Network Scale and social support by a 16-item Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-Short Form.

Results—
During a median follow-up of 18.6 years, 905 incident strokes occurred. Relative to participants with a large social network, those with a small social network had a higher risk of stroke (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.44 [1.02–2.04]) after adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic variables, marital status, behavioral risk factors, and major stroke risk factors. Vital exhaustion, but not inflammation, partly mediated the association between a small social network and incident stroke. Social support was unrelated to incident stroke.

Conclusions—
In this sample of US community-dwelling men and women, having a small social network was associated with excess risk of incident stroke. As with other cardiovascular conditions, having a small social network may be associated with a modestly increased risk of incident stroke.
Empirical Relationships for Estimating Liquid Water Fraction of Melting Snowflakes
Authors: Misumi Ryohei , Motoyoshi Hiroki , Yamaguchi Satoru , Nakai Sento , Ishizaka Masaaki , Fujiyoshi Yasushi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe liquid water fraction of individual snowflakes f is an important parameter when calculating the radar reflectivity of a melting layer. A ground-based observation of f at Nagaoka, Japan, was conducted by using dye-treated filter papers that were kept at a temperature of 0°C. From the results of these measurements, which consisted of 6179 particles taken with 44 sheets of filter paper, two empirical relationships are proposed. The first is a relationship between the ratio of liquid water flux to total precipitation intensity (FL; taking values from 0 to 1) and meteorological surface data. The second is a relationship to estimate f using the melted diameter of a snowflake, median mass diameter, and FL. It was determined that the root-mean-square errors for estimating FL and f by using these relationships were 0.160 and 0.144, respectively. It was also found that the ratio of raindrop flux to the total precipitation intensity FR was always below 0.1 when FL was less than 0.6 but increased rapidly when FL exceeded 0.8.
New Estimates of Variations in Water Flux and Storage over Europe Based on Regional (Re)Analyses and Multisensor Observations
Authors: Springer Anne , Kusche Jürgen , Hartung Kerstin , Ohlwein Christan , Longuevergne Laurent 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Precipitation minus evapotranspiration, the net flux of water between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface, links atmospheric and terrestrial water budgets and thus represents an important boundary condition for both climate modeling and hydrological studies. However, the atmospheric–terrestrial flux is poorly constrained by direct observations because of a lack of unbiased measurements. Thus, it is usually reconstructed from atmospheric reanalyses. Via the terrestrial water budget equation, water storage estimates from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) combined with measured river discharge can be used to assess the realism of the atmospheric–terrestrial flux in models. In this contribution, the closure of the terrestrial water budget is assessed over a number of European river basins using the recently reprocessed GRACE release 05 data, together with precipitation and evapotranspiration from the operational analyses of high-resolution, limited-area NWP models [Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling, German version (COSMO-DE) and European version (COSMO-EU)] and the new COSMO 6-km reanalysis (COSMO-REA6) for the European Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) domain. These closures are compared to those obtained with global reanalyses, land surface models, and observation-based datasets. The spatial resolution achieved with the recent GRACE data allows for better evaluation of the water budget in smaller river basins than before and for the identification of biases up to 25 mm month−1 in the different products. Variations of deseasoned and detrended atmospheric–terrestrial flux are found to agree notably well with flux derived from GRACE and discharge data with correlations up to 0.75. Finally, bias-corrected fluxes are derived from various data combinations, and from this, a 20-yr time series of catchment-integrated water storage variations is reconstructed.
Land Contamination Correction for Passive Microwave Radiometer Data: Demonstration of Wind Retrieval in the Great Lakes Using SSM/I
Authors: Yang John Xun , Mckague Darren S. , Ruf Christopher S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPassive microwave radiometer data over the ocean have been widely used, but data near coastlines or over lakes often cannot be used because of the large footprint with mixed signals from both land and water. For example, current standard Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) products, including wind, water vapor, and precipitation, are typically unavailable within about 100 km of any coastline. This paper presents methods of correcting land-contaminated radiometer data in order to extract the coastal information. The land contamination signals are estimated, and then removed, using a representative antenna pattern convolved with a high-resolution land–water mask. This method is demonstrated using SSM/I data over the Great Lakes and validated with simulated data and buoy measurements. The land contamination is significantly reduced, and the wind speed retrieval is improved. This method is not restricted to SSM/I and wind retrievals alone; it can be applied more generally to microwave radiometer measurements in coastal regions for other retrieval purposes.
Real-time data acquisition and alerts may reduce reaction time and improve perfusionist performance during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Beck JR , Fung K , Lopez H , Mongero LB , Argenziano M 
Published: August 2014

Delayed perfusionist identification and reaction to abnormal clinical situations has been reported to contribute to increased mortality and morbidity. The use of automated data acquisition and compliance safety alerts has been widely accepted in many industries and its use may improve operator performance. A study was conducted to evaluate the reaction time of perfusionists with and without the use of compliance alert. A compliance alert is a computer-generated pop-up banner on a pump-mounted computer screen to notify the user of clinical parameters outside of a predetermined range. A proctor monitored and recorded the time from an alert until the perfusionist recognized the parameter was outside the desired range. Group one included 10 cases utilizing compliance alerts. Group 2 included 10 cases with the primary perfusionist blinded to the compliance alerts. In Group 1, 97 compliance alerts were identified and, in group two, 86 alerts were identified. The average reaction time in the group using compliance alerts was 3.6 seconds. The average reaction time in the group not using the alerts was nearly ten times longer than the group using computer-assisted, real-time data feedback. Some believe that real-time computer data acquisition and feedback improves perfusionist performance and may allow clinicians to identify and rectify potentially dangerous situations.
Dilatation of the Virchow-Robin spaces as an indicator of unilateral carotid artery stenosis: correlation with white matter lesions
Authors: Sahin Neslin , Solak Aynur , Genc Berhan , Akpinar Mehmet Besir 
Published: August 2014

Background Virchow-Robin space (VRS) dilatation is related to many pathologic conditions, mostly associated with vascular abnormalities. White matter lesions (WMLs) are commonly seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with advancing age and generally considered as potential markers for vascular disease. Purpose To investigate if asymmetric dilatation of VRSs and WMLs are associated with unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) and to test the relationship between dilated VRSs and common vascular risk factors. Material and Methods Twenty-nine patients (18 men, 11 women; mean age, 68.62 years) with unilateral ICAS (≥70% carotid stenosis) undergoing carotid endarterectomy were identified for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant prospective study and assessed with brain MRI. Two experienced radiologists scored VRSs and WMLs and evaluated old infarcts, chronic lacunar infarcts, and cerebral atrophy. Asymmetry of WML and VRS scores between two cerebral hemispheres was assessed and associations between VRS scores, WML scores, and explanatory variables (e.g. age, sex, vascular risk factors, and atrophy) were tested. Results In this study, WMLs and basal ganglia VRSs were significantly greater in the unilateral hemisphere with ICA stenosis than contralateral hemisphere. Basal ganglia VRSs were associated with WMLs and internal cerebral atrophy. No association between the severity of VRSs and vascular risk factors was found. Conclusion ICA stenosis may contribute as a factor in the development of WMLs and dilatation of VRSs by causing chronic hypoperfusion. VRS dilatation may be an additional MRI marker of ICAS.
Isolated Talonavicular Fusion With Tension Band for Müller-Weiss Syndrome
Authors: Fornaciari Paolo , Gilgen Andrea , Zwicky Lukas , Horn Lang Tamara , Hintermann Beat 
Published: August 2014

Background: There are still controversies with regard to the operative treatment in advanced Müller-Weiss syndrome (MWS), where the navicular undergoes avascular necrosis and the talonavicular (TN) joint becomes arthritic. Most authors advocate extended fusion, sacrificing hindfoot mobility. To restore TN alignment and to achieve stable fixation, we developed a new isolated TN fusion technique applying the principles of a static tension band. The aim of the present study was to report the midterm results of a preliminary series of patients and their clinical and radiographic outcomes. Methods: Ten feet (10 patients; 8 females, 2 males; age 63 ± 16.7 [range, 34-83] years) with advanced deformity of MWS (3 Maceira’s stage III and 7 stage IV) were treated with isolated TN arthrodesis using the tension band technique. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used to evaluate the functional outcome. Standard angles were measured to determine the amount of correction achieved through the operative treatment. The minimum follow-up was 24 (range, 24-43) months. Results: Trabeculation was seen to cross the fusion site on radiographs in 8 patients after 2 and in 1 patient after 3 months. One case needed revision after 13 months due to implant failure; after additional screw fixation, bony healing was achieved 2 months later. At last follow-up, all cases described a high level of satisfaction. Postoperatively, the AOFAS score improved from 33 (range, 18-48) to 88.3 (range, 79-100) ( P < .0001) points, the AP talocalcaneal angle increased from 14.2 (range, 1-22) to 22.7 (range, 12-30) degrees ( P = .0007), and the calcaneal pitch increased from 10.3 (range, 3-22) to 14.7 (range, 8-22) degrees ( P = .0006). Conclusion: The static tension band technique is a new, promising technique to treat MWS patients, providing stability against the counteracting deforming forces. Therefore, we consider this technique as our treatment of choice in patients with stage III and stage IV MWS. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective case series.
Clonal analysis identifies hemogenic endothelium as the source of the blood-endothelial common lineage in the mouse embryo
Authors: Padrón-Barthe Laura , Temiño Susana , Villa del Campo Cristina , Carramolino Laura , Isern Joan , Torres Miguel 
Published: August 2014

Key PointsSingle cell lineage tracing shows early separation of blood-endothelial precursors in the mouse embryo. Hemogenic endothelium in the YS generates the blood-endothelial common lineage and produces definitive precursors.
Somatic mutations identify a subgroup of aplastic anemia patients who progress to myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Jiang Jie , Smith Alexander E. , Mohamedali Azim M. , Mian Syed , Gandhi Shreyans , Gaken Joop , Czepulkowski Barbara , Marsh Judith C. W. , Mufti Ghulam J. 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
Acquired mutations of myeloid-related genes are present in a proportion of AA patients. Somatic mutations in AA predict higher risk of transformation to MDS.
Reed-Sternberg cell–derived lymphotoxin-α activates endothelial cells to enhance T-cell recruitment in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Fhu Chee Wai , Graham Anne M. , Yap Celestial T. , Al-Salam Suhail , Castella Antonio , Chong Siew Meng , Lim Yaw-Chyn 
Published: August 2014

Key PointsHRS cell-derived LTα activates the endothelium to enhance T-cell recruitment. COX/NF-κB/AP1 pathways act in concert to regulate LTα production.
Periodic solutions of delay differential equations with feedback control for enterprise clusters based on ecology theory
Authors: Soltan Mohamadi Ahmad , Pourabbas Abdolrasoul , Vaezpour Seyed Mansour 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
By utilizing a fixed point theorem of strict-set-contraction, some criteria are established for the existence of positive periodic solutions of enterprise clusters based on ecology theory with time-varying delays and feedback controls.
Analytic and numerical solutions of nonlinear diffusion equations via symmetry reductions
Authors: Verma Anjali , Jiwari Ram , Koksal Mehmet Emir 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this article, the authors study analytic and numerical solutions of nonlinear diffusion equations of Fisher’s type with the help of classical Lie symmetry method. Lie symmetries are used to reduce the equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Lie group classification with respect to time dependent coefficient and optimal system of one-dimensional sub-algebras is obtained. Then sub-algebras are used to construct symmetry reduction and analytic solutions. Finally, numerical solutions of nonlinear diffusion equations are obtained by using one of the differential quadrature methods.
Recent extensions of U.S. unemployment benefits: search responses in alternative labor market states
Authors: Valletta Robert G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn response to the 2007–09 “Great Recession,” the maximum duration of U.S. unemployment benefits was increased from the normal level of 26 weeks to an unprecedented 99 weeks. I estimate the impact of these extensions on job search, comparing them with the more limited extensions associated with the milder 2001 recession. The analyses rely on monthly matched microdata from the Current Population Survey. I find that a 10-week extension of UI benefits raises unemployment duration by about 1.5 weeks, with little variation across the two episodes. This estimate lies in the middle-to-upper end of the range of past estimates.JEL codesJ64; J65
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from HLA-B27+ axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients display altered functional capacity and deregulated gene expression
Authors: Talpin Alice , Costantino Félicie , Bonilla Nelly , Leboime Ariane , Letourneur Franck , Jacques Sébastien , Dumont Florent , Amraoui Sonia , Dutertre Charles-Antoine , Garchon Henri-Jean , Breban Maxime , Chiocchia Gilles 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to compare the functional capacity and gene expression profile of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MD-DCs) in HLA-B27+ axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients and healthy controls.

Methods
MD-DCs were differentiated with interleukin 4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for seven days, starting from purified CD14+ monocytes and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for six and twenty four hours. Their capacity to stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cells from unrelated healthy donor was tested. Transcriptomic study was performed with Affymetrix HuGene 1.0 ST microarrays. Gene expression levels were compared between patients and controls using a multivariate design under a linear model (LIMMA). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for validation of the most striking gene expression differences.

Results
The stimulatory capacity of allogeneic CD4+ T cells by MD-DCs from SpA patients was decreased. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 81 genes differentially expressed in MD-DCs between SpA patients and controls (P <0.01 and fold-change <0.66 or >1.5). Four selected genes were validated by qRT-PCR: ADAMTS15, CITED2, F13A1 and SELL. Expression levels of ADAMTS15 and CITED2, encoding a metallopeptidase and a transcription factor, respectively, were inversely correlated with each other (R = 0.75, P = 0.0003). Furthermore, in silico analysis identified several genes of the Wnt signaling pathway having expression co-regulated with CITED2.

Conclusion
This study revealed altered function and gene expression pattern in MD-DCs from HLA-B27+ axial SpA. Co-expression study showed an inverse correlation between ADAMTS15 and CITED2. Moreover, the Wnt signaling pathway appeared as deregulated in SpA MD-DCs, a finding which may be connected to Th17-driven inflammatory responses.