bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hollow futures? Tree decline, lag effects and hollow‐dependent species
Authors: Manning A. D. , Gibbons P. , Fischer J. , Oliver D. L. , Lindenmayer D. B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTree hollows are a critical breeding resource for many organisms globally. Where hollow‐bearing trees are in decline, population limitation can be a serious conservation issue. A particular problem in addressing hollow limitation is the long time that hollows take to form. This means there can be a significant lag time between detecting a species' population decline and arresting the lack of hollows through reducing tree mortality and increasing regeneration. Once underway, declines of hollow‐dependent species therefore can be difficult to halt. It is imperative that we identify and anticipate such future problems before they occur, and implement conservation action in advance. In this study, we use a novel application of an established modelling method to explore this issue and illustrate an ‘early warning’ approach, focusing on a case study of the vulnerable superb parrot Polytelis swainsonii from south‐eastern Australia. The species is dependent on hollow‐bearing trees for nesting that have a very long generation time (> 120 years). Potential nest trees for the superb parrot are on a trajectory of decline. We modelled the future hollow resource for this species under different management scenarios including: (a) business‐as‐usual – that is, no further specific conservation action; (b) and (c) waiting until considerable further reductions (90 and 70%) in hollows before implementing conservation actions to redress loss of hollows; and (d) implementing enhanced conservation actions now to redress loss of hollows. We found that all scenarios except (d), ‘conservation action now’, resulted in substantial declines in potential nest trees, and came at significant opportunity cost in terms of reducing tree mortality and increasing tree regeneration. Delaying conservation action will greatly increase the long‐term risk of extinction of hollow‐dependent species such as the superb parrot. Predicting and slowing the decline in available hollows by early intervention and restoration management is critical, even where hollow‐dependent species populations may appear to be secure in the short‐term.
Cat's claw creeper leaf‐mining jewel beetle Hylaeogena jureceki Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a host‐specific biological control agent for Dolichandra unguis‐cati (Bignoniaceae) in Australia
Authors: Dhileepan Kunjithapatham , Taylor Dianne B J , Lockett Catherine , Treviño Mariano 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCat's claw creeper, Dolichandra unguis‐cati (L.) L.G. Lohman (syn: Macfadyena unguis‐cati (L.) A.H. Gentry) (Bignoniaceae), a major environmental weed in Queensland and New South Wales, is a Weed of National Significance and an approved target for biological control. A leaf‐mining jewel beetle, Hylaeogena jureceki Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), first collected in 2002 from D. unguis‐cati in Brazil and Argentina, was imported from South Africa into a quarantine facility in Brisbane in 2009 for host‐specificity testing. H. jureceki adults chew holes in leaves and lay eggs on leaf margins and the emerging larvae mine within the leaves of D. unguis‐cati. The generation time (egg to adult) of H. jureceki under quarantine conditions was 55.4 ± 0.2 days. Host‐specificity trials conducted in Australia on 38 plant species from 11 families supplement and support South African studies which indicated that H. jureceki is highly host‐specific and does not pose a risk to any non‐target plant species in Australia. In no‐choice tests, adults survived significantly longer (>32 weeks) on D. unguis‐cati than on non‐target test plant species (<3 weeks). Oviposition occurred on D. unguis‐cati and one non‐target test plant species, Citharexylum spinosum (Verbenaceae), but no larval development occurred on the latter species. In choice tests involving D. unguis‐cati, C. spinosum and Avicennia marina (Avicenniaceae), feeding and oviposition were evident only on D. unguis‐cati. The insect was approved for field release in Australia in May 2012.
Ecology of a typical West African Sudanian savannah rodent community
Authors: Bâ Khalilou , Kane Mamadou , Gauthier Philippe , Granjon Laurent 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe small‐mammal community of a typical Sudanian savannah area of south‐eastern Senegal was studied by way of intensive sampling at the beginning (July) and at the end (November) of the rainy season. A total of 5931 trapnights and 200 pitfallnights yielded 767 small mammals, including 757 rodents of 12 species, as well as a few shrews and hedgehogs. Accumulation curve indicated that the rodent community was well sampled. Murine rodents were far more numerous than gerbilline rodents, and among them, Mastomys erythroleucus was the dominant species, being caught in high numbers in all habitats. Arvicanthis niloticus and Praomys daltoni were also abundant, followed by Mastomys natalensis and Gerbilliscus guineae. Abundances were high at the beginning of the rainy season when reproductive activity was low in all species. At the end of the rainy season, murine rodents were actively involved in reproduction, while gerbilline rodents were at their lowest density. Significant changes in relative abundance among habitats (including human dwellings) were observed between periods in some species, suggesting seasonal trends in habitat preferences. This may help species coexistence in this species‐rich rodent community, in an area likely to be submitted to significant habitat alterations in the years to come.
Overweight and obesity in pregnancy: The evidence–practice gap in staff knowledge, attitudes and practices
Authors: Wilkinson Shelley A. , Stapleton Helen 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundStatewide (Queensland) Clinical Guidelines reflecting current best practice have recently become available for the management of pregnancy‐related obesity. However, dissemination of guidelines alone do not change practice.AimTo systematically assess evidence–practice gap in the multidisciplinary management of overweight and obesity (ow/ob) in pregnancy to inform an intervention to facilitate translating obesity guidelines into practice in a tertiary maternity service.Materials and MethodsAn online survey, available over a three‐week period (May–June 2011), was disseminated to obstetric, midwifery and allied health staff. Outcomes of interest included a 15‐point guideline adherence score, knowledge of guideline content, advice given, knowledge of obesity–pregnancy‐related complications, previous training and referral patterns.ResultsEighty‐four staff completed surveys (57% response rate). Widespread discordance with the guideline was noted. The majority (88.1%) reported overweight/obesity (ow/ob) as an important/very important general obstetric issue, most correctly identified associated complications. However, only 32.1% were aware of existing guidelines, with only half correctly identifying BMI categories for ow/ob. Compliance with referral recommendations varied; 20% of staff considered referral ‘was not their job’.ConclusionsStaff are aware of negative outcomes associated with maternal ow/ob, although few are fully compliant with referral guidelines or provide advice in line with recommendations. These findings will be categorised using implementation of science methodological frameworks, and effective behaviour change interventions will be constructed to facilitate translation of this important guideline into practice.
What is the risk for parametrial involvement in women with early‐stage cervical cancer with tumour <20 mm and with negative sentinel lymph nodes?
Authors: Klat Jaroslav , Sevcik Libor , Simetka Ondrej , Graf Petar , Dvorackova Jana , Kraft Otakar 
Published: December 2012

AimsTo evaluate the incidence of parametrial involvement in women with early‐stage cervical cancer with tumour <20 mm and with negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLN).MethodsWe reviewed the cases of all women who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with SLN biopsy for invasive cervical cancer between April 2004 and December 2009. Parametrial involvement was defined as direct extension, nodal disease or spread through vascular channels.ResultsFrom the 204 women who underwent radical surgery with SLN biopsy, 63 (FIGO stage IA2‐10, IB1‐53) met the inclusion criteria: tumour <20 mm in the largest diameter regardless of the depth of stromal invasion (less or more than half stromal invasion) and negative sentinel lymph nodes. Median age was 44.3 years (range 24–72). Lymph–vascular space invasion was present in 25 women. The histology identified squamous carcinoma in 50 women, adenocarcinoma in 11 women and adenosquamous carcinoma in two women. Tumour grade 1 occurred in 41, grade 2 in 16 and grade 3 in 6 of the cases. No parametrial involvement was observed. The false negative rate of SLN biopsy was 0%.ConclusionNo parametrial involvement was observed in women with early‐stage cervical cancer with tumour <20 mm in diameter and negative sentinel lymph nodes regardless of the presence of lymph–vascular space invasion, histology subtype and grade of the tumour. Radical removal of the parametrium in this low‐risk group is questionable.
Applications of consensus methods in the improvement of care of paediatric patients: a step forward from a ‘good guess’
Authors: Tammela O 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEfforts to improve the safety and quantification of iatrogenic harm in children are necessary in paediatric practice and health care. Consensus methods are a systematic means to resolve inconsistencies in scientific information. The items to be assessed are scored and/or ranked and consensus is sought in successive rounds. The aim here is to review features of the Delphi process and the nominal group technique and their use in paediatric patients.ConclusionThe Delphi process and the nominal group technique are also applicable in paediatric age groups. They offer a useful choice in the selection of safety and quality improvement measures and tools.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losmapimod following a single intravenous or oral dose in healthy volunteers
Authors: Barbour April M. , Sarov‐Blat Lea , Cai Gengqian , Fossler Michael J. , Sprecher Dennis L. , Graggaber Johann , McGeoch Adam T. , Maison Jo , Cheriyan Joseph 
Published: December 2012

AimsThe purpose of this study was to establish safety and tolerability of a single intravenous (IV) infusion of a p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor, losmapimod, to obtain therapeutic levels rapidly for a potential acute coronary syndrome indication. Pharmacokinetics (PK) following IV dosing were characterized, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships between losmapimod and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were explored.MethodsHealthy volunteers received 1 mg losmapimod IV over 15 min (n = 4) or 3 mg IV over 15 min followed by a washout period and then 15 mg orally (PO; n = 12). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. The PK/PD relationships were explored using modelling and simulation.ResultsThere were no deaths, nonfatal serious adverse events or adverse events leading to withdrawal. Headache was the only adverse event reported more than once (n = 3 following oral dosing). Following 3 mg IV and 15 mg PO, Cmax was 59.4 and 45.9 μg l−1 and AUC0–∞ was 171.1 and 528.0 μg h l−1, respectively. Absolute oral bioavailability was 0.62 [90% confidence interval (CI) 0.56, 0.68]. Following 3 mg IV and 15 mg PO, maximal reductions in pHSP27 were 44% (95% CI 38%, 50%) and 55% (95% CI 50%, 59%) occurring at 30 min and 4 h, respectively. There was a 17% decrease (95% CI 9%, 24%) in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein 24 h following oral dosing. A direct‐link maximal inhibitory effect model related plasma concentrations to pHSP27 concentrations.ConclusionsA single IV infusion of losmapimod in healthy volunteers was safe and well tolerated, and may potentially serve as an initial loading dose in acute coronary syndrome as rapid exposure is achieved.
Elastic three‐dimensional poly (ε‐caprolactone) nanofibre scaffold enhances migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Rampichová M. , Chvojka J. , Buzgo M. , Prosecká E. , Mikeš P. , Vysloužilová L. , Tvrdík D. , Kochová P. , Gregor T. , Lukáš D. , Amler E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesWe prepared 3D poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibre scaffolds and tested their use for seeding, proliferation, differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs).Materials and methods3D nanofibres were prepared using a special collector for common electrospinning; simultaneously, a 2D PCL nanofibre layer was prepared using a classic plain collector. Both scaffolds were seeded with MSCs and biologically tested. MSC adhesion, migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were investigated.ResultsThe 3D PCL scaffold was characterized by having better biomechanical properties, namely greater elasticity and resistance against stress and strain, thus this scaffold will be able to find broad applications in tissue engineering. Clearly, while nanofibre layers of the 2D scaffold prevented MSCs from migrating through the conformation, cells infiltrated freely through the 3D scaffold. MSC adhesion to the 3D nanofibre PCL layer was also statistically more common than to the 2D scaffold (P < 0.05), and proliferation and viability of MSCs 2 or 3 weeks post‐seeding, were also greater on the 3D scaffold. In addition, the 3D PCL scaffold was also characterized by displaying enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation.ConclusionsWe draw the conclusion that all positive effects observed using the 3D PCL nanofibre scaffold are related to the larger fibre surface area available to the cells. Thus, the proposed 3D structure of the nanofibre layer will find a wide array of applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Is lower IQ in children with epilepsy due to lower parental IQ? A controlled comparison study
Authors: WALKER NATALIE M , JACKSON DAREN C , DABBS KEVIN , JONES JANA E , HSU DAVID A , STAFSTROM CARL E , SHETH RAJ D , KOEHN MONICA A , SEIDENBERG MICHAEL , HERMANN BRUCE P 
Published: December 2012

Aim  The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parent and child Full‐scale IQ (FSIQ) in children with epilepsy and in typically developing comparison children and to examine parent–child IQ differences by epilepsy characteristics.Method  The study participants were 97 children (50 males, 47 females; age range 8–18y; mean age 12y 3mo, SD 3y1mo) with recent‐onset epilepsy including idiopathic generalized (n=43) and idiopathic localization‐related epilepsies (n=54); 69 healthy comparison children (38 females, 31 males; age range 8–18y; mean age 12y 8mo, SD 3y 2mo), and one biological parent per child. All participants were administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). FSIQ was compared in children with epilepsy and typically developing children; FSIQ was compared in the parents of typically developing children and the parents of participants with epilepsy; parent–child FSIQ differences were compared between the groups.Results  FSIQ was lower in children with epilepsy than in comparison children (p<0.001). FSIQ of parents of children with epilepsy did not differ from the FSIQ of the parents of typically developing children. Children with epilepsy had significantly lower FSIQ than their parents (p<0.001), whereas comparison children did not. The parent–child IQ difference was significantly higher in the group with epilepsy than the comparison group (p=0.043). Epilepsy characteristics were not related to parent–child IQ difference.Interpretation  Parent–child IQ difference appears to be a marker of epilepsy impact independent of familial IQ, epilepsy syndrome, and clinical seizure features. This marker is evident early in the course of idiopathic epilepsies and can be tracked over time.
Does the Bayley‐III Motor Scale at 2 years predict motor outcome at 4 years in very preterm children?
Authors: Spittle Alicia J , Spencer‐Smith Megan M , Eeles Abbey L , Lee Katherine J , Lorefice Lucy E , Anderson Peter J , Doyle Lex W 
Published: December 2012

AimTo assess the predictive validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Third Edition (Bayley‐III) for later motor outcome.MethodNinety‐six infants (49 males, 47 females) born at less than 30 weeks' gestation admitted to two tertiary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, were assessed with the Bayley‐III Motor Scale at 2 years' corrected age and were classified as suspect or definite motor impairment if they scored less than −1 or −2 standard deviations respectively, relative to the test mean. At 4 years' corrected age, children completed Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (MABC‐2); for the total motor score, cut‐offs of not more than the 15th were used to classify motor development and cut‐offs of not more than the 15th centile were classified as having a significant movement difficulty.ResultsOf the 96 children assessed at both ages, at 2 years 9% had suspect and 4% had definite motor impairment; however, by 4 years, rates had increased to 22% and 19% respectively. The specificity of the Bayley‐III for motor impairments for later motor outcome was excellent (ranging from 94 to 100% for cerebral palsy [CP] and 97 to 100% for motor impairment), although the sensitivity was low (ranging from 67 to 83% for CP and 18 to 37% for motor impairment); many children with later impairment were not identified by the Bayley‐III.InterpretationThe Bayley‐III Motor Scale at 2 years underestimates later rates of motor impairment, particularly in the absence of CP at 4 years on the MABC‐2 total motor score in children born at less than 30 weeks' gestational age.
Red‐foliaged apples affect the establishment, growth, and development of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana
Authors: Markwick Ngaire P. , Poulton Joanne , Espley Richard V. , Rowan Daryl D. , McGhie Tony K. , Wadasinghe Gnanaseela , Wohlers Mark , Jia Yilin , Allan Andrew C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAnthocyanins have diverse roles in plant reproduction and in response to both abiotic and biotic stress. By over‐expressing the apple MYB transcription factor, MYB10, we have generated apple trees, Malus × domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), with highly pigmented red foliage due to the presence of high concentrations of cyanidin‐based anthocyanins. In this study, we investigated the impact of the high anthocyanic apple leaves on the behaviour, feeding, and life cycle parameters of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a widespread herbivorous pest of apples. Behaviour of 1‐ to 3‐day‐old larvae towards red anthocyanin‐rich and green apple leaves was studied in choice and no‐choice trials, and survival, growth, and development of larvae feeding on red and green apple leaves from the neonate to pupation were compared. First‐instar E. postvittana showed a statistically significant preference for green over red leaves from three transgenic red apple lines and a preference for the less red old leaves over the bright red new leaves. This was significantly different from their behaviour towards wild type green leaves, where new leaves were selected over old. In complete darkness, first‐instar E. postvittana showed no significant preference for the green leaves, indicating that visual cues were important. Although larval survival was not greatly affected by feeding on the red foliage, larval growth and development were significantly affected by feeding on leaves from some of the transgenic red apple lines. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of leaf phenolics showed that both anthocyanins and quercetin glycosides were significantly raised in the red transgenic lines compared with wild types.
Disclosure of myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis: improving patients' understanding and experience
Authors: Besson Caroline , Rannou Sandrine , Elmaaroufi Hicham , Guirimand Nicolas , Tresvaux du Fraval Frédéric , Cartron Laure , Jenny Sarah , Festy Patrick , Fenaux Pierre , Leplège Alain 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeHow a diagnosis of cancer is disclosed can affect psychological morbidity. Haematological malignancy specialised terminology may make the disclosure difficult. We analysed how disclosure of a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is experienced by patients.MethodsPatients from the French MDS support group were questioned about their demographic and clinical characteristics, diagnosis disclosure circumstances as well as experiences and expectations. After a phase test, a written questionnaire was sent to the 150 members of the support group.ResultsOf the 73 patients who returned a useable questionnaire, disclosure had been experienced negatively by 32 patients (45%). Only 53% of those patients were satisfied with the information provided compared with 80% of those who had positive/neutral feelings (P = 0.02). Overall, patients felt they should have been given fuller information at the time of disclosure. In retrospect, almost all patients (94%) thought that comprehensive, accurate information should be provided at disclosure, even if the truth might be hard to cope with. Patients reporting not having been given satisfactory information complained about a lack of perspective (3) or clarity (7), eight (11%) mentioned cancer during the interview, and four explicitly expressed that this word should be more frequently used.ConclusionMany patients had experienced disclosure negatively, frequently finding that the information provided had been insufficient and feeling that MDS was not well understood as a disease. Haematologists disclosing diagnosis to patients with a blood malignancy may benefit from following the same guidelines as oncologists in delivering comprehensive, understandable information.
Outcome of poor response paediatric AML using early SCT
Authors: Wareham Neval E. , Heilmann Carsten , Abrahamsson Jonas , Forestier Erik , Gustafsson Britt , Ha Shau‐Yin , Heldrup Jesper , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Jónsson Ólafur G. , Lausen Birgitte , Palle Josefine , Zeller Bernward , Hasle Henrik 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundChildren with poor response acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) generally have a very poor outcome. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is often recommended for these children but the benefit is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate survival for poor response AML patients treated with SCT.Material and MethodsTreatment was given according to the NOPHO‐AML 2004 protocol. All patients received AIET (Cytarabine, Idarubicin, Etoposide, Thioguanine) and AM (Cytarabine, Mitoxantrone) as induction. We included poor response defined as > 15% blasts on day 15 after AIET (n = 17) or > 5% blasts after AM (n = 14, refractory disease). Poor response patients received intensively timed induction and proceeded to SCT when a donor was available.ResultsThirty‐one of 267 evaluable patients (12%) had a poor response. SCT was performed in 25; using matched unrelated donors in 13, matched sibling donors in 6, cord blood donor in 4, and haploidentical donor in two. The median follow‐up for the 31 poor responding patients was 2.6 years (range 0.4 ‐ 8.1 years) and 3‐year probability of survival 70% (95% CI 59‐77%).ConclusionsThe poor responders in the NOPHO‐AML 2004 protocol had a favourable prognosis treated with time‐intensive induction followed by SCT.