bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymers for Luminescent Sensing Applications
Authors: Kim Hyungwoo , Kim Youngdo , Chang Ji Young 
Published: May 2014

Polymers are widely used for chemical sensing applications, as a receptor or as a signal transducer. Fluorescent conjugated polymers (CPs) are extensively studied for signaling. Water‐soluble CPs are particularly attractive due to their potential sensing applications in environmental and biorelated fields. The CPs by themselves do not provide specific binding sites by folding into secondary or tertiary structures. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial receptors fabricated using the molecular‐imprinting technique. They contain in‐built information about the shape and functionality of specific potential analytes. However, most MIPs do not have optical‐signaling properties. In this article, the recent developments regarding luminescent polymeric sensors are briefly summarized. It will be of great interest if the optical‐signal properties of CPs and the selectivity of MIPs are integrated in an advanced polymeric sensor.
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Prominent Lower‐Limb Involvement in a Family with Myoclonus‐Dystonia
Authors: Kobylecki Christopher , Damodaran Dinesh , Kerr Bronwyn , Newton Richard W. , Silverdale Monty A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTWe report on a large family with myoclonus‐dystonia resulting from an epsilon‐sarcoglycan mutation, with prominent early and late lower‐limb involvement. The proband's condition has evolved to include marked lower‐limb dystonia and dystonic gait impairment in the fourth decade. Other family members had evidence of prominent lower‐limb involvement at presentation or a more typical phenotype of axial and upper‐limb myoclonus and dystonia. Prominent lower‐limb involvement developing late in the disease course is an atypical feature and exemplifies the wide phenotypic heterogeneity observed in people with myoclonus‐dystonia.
Is Physiotherapy Self‐Referral with Telephone Triage Viable, Cost‐effective and Beneficial to Musculoskeletal Outpatients in a Primary Care Setting?
Authors: Mallett Ross , Bakker Edward , Burton Maria 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to establish if physiotherapy self‐referral (SR) is viable, cost effective and beneficial to musculoskeletal outpatients in a primary care setting.SettingIn an urban National Health Service (NHS) primary care physiotherapy service, waiting times, attendance rates and treatment ratios (thus, episode‐of‐care costs) were deemed unsustainable. The introduction of ‘Any Qualified Provider’ is imminent and will drive NHS physiotherapy services to compete directly with private counterparts. Current literature, healthcare policy and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy strongly advocate SR to promote value for money and improve the patient experience.DesignA repeated measure prospective cohort study introduced an SR pathway parallel to existing general practice (GP) referrals and compared costs, attendance and data relating to the patient experience across groups.ResultsSR referral groups were found to have a higher proportion of female patients presenting with acute conditions. Cost minimization analysis indicated an average 32.3% reduction in episode‐of‐care cost with an SR‐initiated intervention. An estimated cost minimization of between £84,387.80 and £124,472.06 was calculated if SR were to be expanded service‐wide. SR referral reduced waiting times and improved patient satisfaction relating to waiting times and communication compared with traditional pathways.ConclusionsThe results of the present study showed that the introduction of the described SR pathway was feasible, cost‐effective and offered comparable care. Certain aspects of the SR patient experience compared more favourably than those studied in traditional GP referral routes. They also added to an existing body of evidence supporting SR with a variety of administrative processes in various socioeconomic settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Independent, additive effects of five dietary variables on Ad Libitum energy intake in a residential study
Authors: Urban Lorien E. , McCrory Megan A. , Rasmussen Helen , Greenberg Andrew S. , Fuss Paul J. , Saltzman Edward , Roberts Susan B. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between dietary characteristics of self‐selected foods and energy balance in a cafeteria‐style dining hall.MethodsAd libitum dietary intake from a self‐selection menu was measured over two days in 151 adults (70% female, mean age 41 years, mean BMI 24.9 kg/m2). The associations of dietary variables with energy balance (calculated as measured energy intake/predicted energy requirements, pER) were assessed.ResultsMeasured energy intake was significantly correlated with pER (R2=0.83, P < 0.001). In mixed multiple regression models, percent energy from protein was negatively associated with energy balance (R2=0.04, P = 0.02), and percent energy from liquid sources (R2 = 0.02, P = 0.05), total dietary variety in females (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.001), and energy density (R2 = 0.57, P < 0.001) were positively associated with energy balance. In addition, glycemic index was inversely associated with energy balance in normal‐weight individuals (R2 = 0.14, P < 0.001) but not in overweight or obese individuals.ConclusionsThere are independent associations of dietary protein, liquid calories, energy density, dietary variety, and glycemic index with energy balance, indicating additive effects of these dietary factors on energy intake and energy balance. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether dietary prescriptions combining these dietary factors facilitate long‐term prevention of weight gain.
The mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotube‐grafted polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Lim Jun , Shin Dong Geun , Yeo Hyeonuk , Goh Munju , Ku Bon‐Cheol , Yang Cheol‐Min , Lee Dong Su , Hwang Jun‐Yeon , Park Byoungnam , You Nam‐Ho 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPolyimide (PI)‐based nanocomposites containing aminophenyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (AP‐MWCNTs) obtained through a diazonium salt reaction was successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. PI composites with different loadings of AP‐MWCNTs were fabricated by the thermal conversion of poly(amic acid) (PAA)/AP‐MWCNTs. The mechanical and electrical properties of the AP‐MWCNTs/PI composites were improved compared with those of pure PI due to the homogeneous dispersion of AP‐MWCNTs and the strong interfacial covalent bonds between AP‐MWNTs and the PI matrix. The conductivity of AP‐MWNTs/PI composites (5:95 w/w) was 9.32 × 10−1 S/cm which was about 1015 times higher than that of Pure PI. The tensile strength and tensile modules of the AP‐MWCNTs/PI composites with 0.5 wt % of AP‐MWCNTs were increased by about 77% (316.9 ± 10.5 MPa) and 25% (8.30 ± 1.10 GPa) compared to those of pure PI, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 960–966
Determination of Primary Amine Content in Bonding Agent Used in Composite Solid Propellants
Authors: Oliveira José I. S. , Pires Darci C. , Diniz Milton F. , Siqueira Jorge L. , Mattos Elizabeth C. , Rezende Luis C. , Iha Koshun , Dutra Rita C. L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe primary amine content in tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and TEPAN, a bonding agent used in composite solid propellants, was determined by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and the results were compared to those obtained by potentiometry. The band at 4930 cm−1, which showed to be influenced only by primary amine groups, was chosen as the analytical band. The calibration curves based on isopropylamine (IPA) and isopropylamine/dibutylamine (IPA/DBA) mixtures proved to be suitable for determining the NH2 content of TEPA or of samples containing mixtures of NH and NH2 groups. It was found that TEPA contains 26.4 % of NH2 and 25.7 % of NH, and that TEPAN contains 0.5 % of NH2, confirming the low content of primary amine of this bonding agent. The lowest amine equivalent of TEPA is 31.1±0.3 g/eq, as determined by potentiometry, was found because this technique measures the total hydrogen content, including primary and secondary amines. The literature value of 62.6 g/eq for TEPA ACROS obtained by potentiometry in a non aqueous medium and related to the first inflection of the primary amine, validates the value obtained by NIR in this work for a similar type of amine. The equivalent weight obtained by NIR spectroscopy (62.7 g/eq) allowed to calculate the molar mass of TEPA of 195.6 g mol−1, which is close to the typical value of 200 g mol−1.
The Effects of Porous Structure on the Burning Characteristics of Foamed NC‐Based Gun Propellants
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Yang Weitao , Ying Sanjiu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe effects of porous structure on the burning characteristics of foamed NC‐based (nitrocellulose‐based) gun propellants were investigated by closed vessel and quenched combustion experiments. The foamed NC‐based TEGDN (triethylene glycol dinitrate) gun propellants with different porous structures were prepared by adjusting the process parameters in the foaming process. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was used to observe the morphologies of foamed TEGDN propellants, and the densities of the foamed propellants were also measured to evaluate the porosities of foamed propellants. The experimental results showed that the burning characteristics of the novel foamed propellants are totally different from combustion characteristics of parallel‐layer. Further investigations revealed that the burning characteristics of the foamed NC‐based propellants largely depend on the porous structure, larger pores and higher porosity would lead to higher burning rate of the foamed TEGDN propellants.
Sampling reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision, and extraction efficiency in droplet‐based liquid microjunction surface sampling
Authors: Kertesz Vilmos , Van Berkel Gary J. 
Published: May 2014

RATIONALEDroplet‐based liquid extraction approaches for spatially resolved surface sampling coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) provide the ability to deal with complex sample matrices and to identify isomeric compounds not distinguishable by MS methods alone. Improvements in sampling reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision and extraction efficiency are required to further the analytical utility of such sampling systems.METHODSAn autosampler capable of droplet‐based liquid extraction was coupled with an HPLC/MS system. Visual inspection of the junction formation between the probe and a glass surface allowed evaluation of the liquid junction formation reliability, spatial location and size as a function of variable parameters such as solvent composition, probe‐to‐surface distance and droplet volume during solvent dispense and aspiration. Quantitative analysis of a component from a model surface using a weak extraction solvent was used to evaluate the effect of extraction time and number of extraction cycles on analyte extraction efficiency.RESULTSReliable junction formation, independent of other variable parameters, was realized simply by maintaining a maximum distance of 0.4 mm between the probe and the sample surface. The smallest liquid junction diameter (1.6 mm) was observed when using a 1 μL dispensed volume and 90% aqueous extraction solvent with either methanol or acetonitrile. Good sampling precision was always achieved using an extraction solvent with at least 50% methanol or acetonitrile by volume. Quantitative sampling of rhodamine B from a magenta Sharpie ink surface using a weak extraction solvent showed that extraction efficiency could be improved by increasing the extraction time or the number of extraction cycles.CONCLUSIONSA platform employing a commercially available autosampler coupled to HPLC/MS was developed and successfully applied to investigate the effect of different sampling parameters on the reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision and extraction efficiency of the liquid junction surface sampling process. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
On cross‐correlation properties of S‐boxes and their design using semi‐bent functions
Authors: Pasalic Enes , Bajrić Samed , Djordjević Milan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, several methods for constructing substitution boxes (S‐boxes) with good cross‐correlation properties are proposed. We firstly analyze the cross‐correlation properties of bent functions and derive a sufficient condition that the absolute indicator Δf,g of two bent functions f and g achieve its lowest possible value 2n ∕ 2. More precisely, it is sufficient that f + g is also a bent function, which then implies that the absolute indicator of vectorial bent functions equals to 2n ∕ 2. This indicates an erroneous conclusion in by Zhou et al., claiming that if f is bent, then Δf,g = 2n ∕ 2 if and only if g is an affine function, which is not true. Furthermore, because of a strong relationship between the cross‐correlation properties and disjoint spectra semi‐bent functions, two classes of highly nonlinear vectorial semi‐bent functions with very good cross‐correlation properties are proposed. In particular, the first class of vectorial semi‐bent functions introduced here compares favorably to other methods in terms of the cross‐correlation properties of its component functions. In addition,

A sufficient condition that the absolute indicator of two bent functions achieves its lowest value is derived.
A construction of S‐boxes with good auto‐correlation properties from vectorial bent functions is given.
Two classes of nonlinear vectorial semi‐bent functions with good auto‐correlation properties are proposed.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of entropy‐based detection of outbound denial‐of‐service attacks in edge networks
Authors: Basicevic Ilija , Ocovaj Stanislav , Popovic Miroslav 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an evaluation of entropy‐based network intrusion detection in the case of outbound denial‐of‐service attacks in edge networks. The detector monitors entropy of several simple packet distributions: source and destination ports, and number of packets and bytes transferred. Cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) algorithm is used for change‐point detection. The performance of entropy‐based method has been evaluated in simulated environment, using ns2 simulator, and compared with an optimized version of one existing approach, namely CUSUM‐based monitoring of the number of Synchronize sequence numbers (SYN) packets. The results show that entropy‐based detector does not reach the performance of a method tailored for a specific type of attack but, in general case, has good performance. The main advantage of entropy‐based detector is its generality, as it supports detection of many different types of attacks and network anomalies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using simulation‐based inference for learning introductory statistics
Authors: Rossman Allan J. , Chance Beth L. 
Published: May 2014

Recent curriculum development projects emphasize teaching simulation and randomization‐based statistical inference as a prominent feature in introductory statistics courses. We describe the goals, distinctive features, and examples from some of these projects. Technology is a key component of these courses, so we mention desirable features of the various technology products used with this approach. We also discuss how student learning is being assessed in such courses, along with how the curriculum effort itself is being evaluated. We also touch on some challenges that we have encountered with teaching these courses, both from a student and a faculty viewpoint. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:211–221. doi: 10.1002/wics.1302This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bootstrap and Resampling
Statistical Models > Simulation Models
Determining and demonstrating the importance of training and experience for managing pocket gophers
Authors: Baldwin Roger A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe pocket gopher (Thomomys spp.) is one of the most damaging wildlife species in California, as well as other locations throughout the United States. Several techniques are used to manage pocket gophers, including trapping and rodenticides. Improved protocols to increase the efficacy of rodenticide baiting programs, and quantifiable information on the time required to become a proficient pocket gopher trapper, would assist individuals interested in developing an Integrated Pest Management program for pocket gophers. Therefore, I initiated a study to address the following objectives: 1) determine the number of days required to become a proficient pocket gopher trapper; and 2) determine the impact of a thorough training program on efficacy of a rodenticide baiting program for managing pocket gophers. I determined that novice trappers became proficient with only 3 days experience (94% of the efficiency obtained by an expert trapper). Capture rates for novice trappers also exhibited a dramatic increase in just 3 days, although rates were not as proportionally high (77% of expert trapper). Clearly, the time required to set traps and detect active burrows should continue to decrease as trappers gain more experience. Baiting trials indicated that individuals who received a through training program on bait application were 3.6 times more likely to attain greater efficacy from baiting programs than were individuals who received only limited training. Proper training, particularly on identifying active tunnel systems, clearly increased the efficacy of baiting programs. These results should increase the applicability of both trapping and rodenticide baiting in pocket gopher management programs. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Modeling and enhancement of the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS scheme in an error-prone channel
Authors: Yazid Mohand , Aïssani Djamil , Bouallouche-Medjkoune Louiza , Amrouche Nassim , Bakli Kamel 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new discrete time Markov chain model to estimate the packet transmission probability τ, in order to develop mathematical models to derive the saturation throughput and the average packet delay of a 802.11 wireless LAN based on the RTS/CTS access method in the presence of noise, which distorts transmitted frames. Besides the standard backoff rule of the 802.11, Distributed Coordination Function assumes that each loss in the network is caused only by collision and acts to treat this situation by delaying the retransmission of the lost packet. We propose an enhancement of the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS scheme to recognize the reason of a transmission failure (collision or noise errors). Thus, the data packet is immediately retransmitted with zero-waiting time if a failure happens due to distortion by noise. This retransmission continues until the data packet is successfully transmitted or it is dropped when the number of packet transmission retries attains its limit. After that, we model the enhanced RTS/CTS scheme using a four-dimensional Markov model and we compare its performance with the actual RTS/CTS scheme.
Production of cellulosic ethanol and enzyme from waste fiber sludge using SSF, recycling of hydrolytic enzymes and yeast, and recombinant cellulase-producing Aspergillus niger
Authors: Cavka Adnan , Alriksson Björn , Rose Shaunita H , van Zyl Willem H , Jönsson Leif J 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Bioethanol and enzymes were produced from fiber sludges through sequential microbial cultivations. After a first simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with yeast, the bioethanol concentrations of sulfate and sulfite fiber sludges were 45.6 and 64.7 g/L, respectively. The second SSF, which included fresh fiber sludges and recycled yeast and enzymes from the first SSF, resulted in ethanol concentrations of 38.3 g/L for sulfate fiber sludge and 24.4 g/L for sulfite fiber sludge. Aspergillus niger carrying the endoglucanase-encoding Cel7B gene of Trichoderma reesei was grown in the spent fiber sludge hydrolysates. The cellulase activities obtained with spent hydrolysates of sulfate and sulfite fiber sludges were 2,700 and 2,900 nkat/mL, respectively. The high cellulase activities produced by using stillage and the significant ethanol concentrations produced in the second SSF suggest that onsite enzyme production and recycling of enzyme are realistic concepts that warrant further attention.
Long term differential consequences of miglustat therapy on intestinal disaccharidases
Authors: Amiri Mahdi , Naim Hassan Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMiglustat is an oral medication for treatment of lysosomal storage diseases such as Gaucher disease type I and Niemann Pick disease type C. In many cases application of Miglustat is associated with symptoms similar to those observed in intestinal carbohydrate malabsorption. Previously, we have demonstrated that intestinal disaccharidases are inhibited immediately by Miglustat in the intestinal lumen. Nevertheless, the multiple functions of Miglustat hypothesize long term effects of Miglustat on intracellular mechanisms, including glycosylation, maturation and trafficking of the intestinal disaccharidases. Our data show that a major long term effect of Miglustat is its interference with N‐glycosylation of the proteins in the ER leading to a delay in the trafficking of sucrase‐isomaltase. Also association with lipid rafts and plausibly apical targeting of this protein is partly affected in the presence of Miglustat. More drastic is the effect of Miglustat on lactase‐phlorizin hydrolase which is partially blocked intracellularly. The de novo synthesized SI and LPH in the presence of Miglustat show reduced functional efficiencies according to altered posttranslational processing of these proteins. However, at physiological concentrations of Miglustat (≤50 μM) a major part of the activity of these disaccharidases is found to be still preserved, which puts the charge of the observed carbohydrate maldigestion mostly on the direct inhibition of disaccharidases in the intestinal lumen by Miglustat as the immediate side effect.