bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational long-distance communication in the termitesMacrotermes natalensisandOdontotermessp.
Authors: Hager Felix A. , Kirchner Wolfgang H. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYFungus-growing higher termites build long subterranean galleries that lead outwards from the nest to foraging sites. When soldiers are disturbed, they tend to drum with their heads against the substrate and thereby create vibrational alarm signals. The present study aimed at describing these acoustic signals, how they are elicited, produced and perceived, and how these signals propagate within the galleries and nests over long distances in two termite species of the Southern African savannah, Macrotermes natalensis and an Odontotermes sp. The signals consist of trains of pulses with a pulse repetition rate of 10–20 Hz. The galleries have physical features that promote vibrational communication and are used as channels for long-distance communication. In M. natalensis, the signal propagation velocity is ~130 m s−1 and the signals are attenuated by ~0.4 dB per centimetre distance. Nestmates are extremely sensitive to these vibrations with a behavioural threshold amplitude of 0.012 m s−2. Workers respond by a fast retreat into the nest and soldiers are recruited to the source of vibration. Soldiers also start to drum with a reaction time of about 0.3 s, thereby amplifying the intensity of the signal. This social long-distance communication through chains of signal-reamplifying termites results in a relatively slow propagation (1.3 m s−1) of the signal without decrement over distances of several metres.
Online Make-to-Order Joint Replenishment Model: Primal-Dual Competitive Algorithms
Authors: Buchbinder Niv , Kimbrel Tracy , Levi Retsef , Makarychev Konstantin , Sviridenko Maxim 
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we study an online make-to-order variant of the classical joint replenishment problem (JRP) that has been studied extensively over the years and plays a fundamental role in broader planning issues, such as the management of supply chains. In contrast to the traditional approaches of the stochastic inventory theory, we study the problem using competitive analysis against a worst-case adversary. Our main result is a 3-competitive deterministic algorithm for the online version of the JRP. We also prove a lower bound of approximately 2.64 on the competitiveness of any deterministic online algorithm for the problem. Our algorithm is based on a novel primal-dual approach using a new linear programming relaxation of the offline JRP model. The primal-dual approach that we propose departs from previous primal-dual and online algorithms in rather significant ways. We believe that this approach can extend the range of problems to which online and primal-dual algorithms can be applied and analyzed.
Upper and Lower Full Arch Dental Reconstruction with Implant Supported Overdentures: A Case Study
Authors: Sullivan Jerome P 
Published: August 2013

Statement of problem In clinical situations where implant placement in the maxilla is prohibited due to the lack of available bone, more invasive techniques such as autogenous bone grafting and sinus augmentation are often off-putting to patients due to the added expense, risk and morbidity. Purpose of treatment The intention of this treatment was to dentally restore a patient with a severely resorbed edentulous maxilla, without the use of any grafting techniques. Methods Under local anaesthetic, five implants were placed in the patient's maxilla using the combined techniques of alveolar ridge-splitting and a Summer's lift. The crest of the alveolus was dissected bilaterally with a fine rotary disc. A combination of osteotomes and bone spreaders were then used to create the individual osteotomies. In the most distal site on the right side, the floor of the maxillary sinus was tapped up to facilitate implant placement. All implants were submerged under the gum for six months to allow them to ossteointegrate. Restorative stages were then completed. Results At six months, all five maxillary implants had successfully integrated. The maxilla also showed marked expansion where the alveolus had been dissected and bone had healed between the separated buccal and palatal plates. The final restoration was a metal-framed overdenture attached to a milled titanium bar supported on five implants. Conclusion In this single case study, a patient's atrophic, edentulous maxilla was successfully restored without grafting techniques. The overdenture has been in trouble-free function for two years.
Managing the Edentulous Mandible using Recent Technological Developments: A Case Study
Authors: Sethi Ashok , Kaus Thomas , Sharma Naresh , Sochor Peter 
Published: August 2013

Safe clinical practice in implant dentistry requires an accurate investigation of the availability of bone for implant placement and the avoidance of critical anatomical structures. Modern imaging techniques using computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provide the clinician with the required information. The imaging thus obtained provides accurate representation of the height, width and length of the available bone.1 In addition, whenever adequate radiation dose is used, accurate information about the bone density in Hounsfield units can be obtained. Important spatial information regarding the orientation of the ridges and the relationship to the proposed prosthetic reconstruction can be obtained with the aid of radiopaque templates during the acquisition of CT scan data. Modern software also provides the facility to decide interactively upon the positioning of the implants and is able to relate this to a stereolithographic model constructed from the imaging data. A surgical guide for the accurate positioning of the implants can be constructed. The construction of screw retained prostheses is fraught with difficulties regarding the accuracy of the construction. Accurate fit of the prosthesis is difficult to obtain due to the inherent errors in impression taking, component discrepancies, investing and casting inaccuracies.2,3 CAD/CAM technology eliminates the inaccuracies involved with the investing and casting of superstructures. Clinical Case This case describes the management of an 84 year old female patient, who had recently lost her remaining mandibular anterior teeth. This resulted in the patient's inability to wear conventional dentures in the mandible.
-i and -osio genitives in archaic Latin: different markers for different possession types?
Authors: Orlandini Anna , Poccetti Paolo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis contribution offers a concrete, textually based account of the functional possibilities for the expression of different types of possession (exclusive and inalienable “ownership” versus “accidental belonging,” established by convention or on an occasional event) in Archaic Latin. This account is based on the competition between the genitive-marking morphemes -
Does carbon monoxide inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production by fetal membranes?
Authors: Klimova Natalia G. , Hanna Nazeeh , Peltier Morgan R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Aim: Infection-induced inflammation is a common cause of preterm birth. Pharmacologic inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines improves pregnancy outcome in animal models but there are no universally effective therapies for preterm birth in women. Carbon monoxide (CO) has anti-inflammatory properties at low concentrations but its effects on reproductive tissues is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effect of supplemental CO on the production of cytokines associated with preterm birth by fetal membranes.

Methods: Cross-sections of whole fetal membranes, isolated choriodecidua, and isolated amnion were prepared using tissues collected from women who had normal vaginal deliveries at term. Tissues were placed in an organ explant culture system and stimulated with up to 108 CFU/mL Escherichia coli. Cultures were incubated under room air or room air+250 ppm CO for 18 h and cytokine concentrations in conditioned medium were quantified by ELISA.

Results: CO inhibited IL-1β and TNF-α (P≤0.001) production by cultures stimulated with 107 CFU/mL bacteria but had no detectable effect on IL-10 by full-thickness membranes. Although CO also tended to reduce TNF-α production (P=0.053), no effect of CO was detected for IL-10 or IL-1β for membranes stimulated with 108 CFU/mL E. coli. TNF-α, but not IL-1β or IL-10 production, was inhibited by CO for choriodecidual cultures stimulated with 107 or 108 CFU/mL E. coli (P<0.001). IL-1β production was significantly inhibited by CO for amnion cultures stimulated with 107 (P=0.002) and 108 (P=0.017) CFU/mL E. coli. Exposure to bacteria had no effect on TNF-α or IL-10 production but CO tended to increase IL-10 production by amnion cultures stimulated with 108 CFU/mL E. coli (P=0.037).

Conclusions: These results suggest that CO may help promote an anti-inflammatory environment during intrauterine infections by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β production.
Nanoscale heterostructures comprised of silicon nanowires and gold nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic shells for DNA immobilization
Authors: Li Yuan , Chopra Nitin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) immobilization on nanoscale architectures is critical for developing bio-compatible devices and clinical diagnoses. In this study, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were combined with gold nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic shells (GNPs). The resulting SiNWs-GNPs heterostructures were plasma oxidized to create carboxylic (-COOH) functionality on the surface of the graphitic carbon shell. These heterostructures and their surface chemistries were studied using electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The –COOH terminated graphitic shells in heterostructures were covalently linked with DNA. The DNA molecules on these heterostructures were detected by linking with fluorescent streptavidin and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Such inorganic heterostructure-biomolecule assemblies can be very useful in the development of biomolecule analysis and detection devices.
Integrating Social Science and Behavioral Genetics: Testing the Origin of Socioeconomic Disparities in Depression Using a Genetically Informed Design
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Myers John M. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We tested 3 hypotheses—social causation, social drift, and common cause—regarding the origin of socioeconomic disparities in major depression and determined whether the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and major depression varied by genetic liability for major depression. Methods. Data were from a sample of female twins in the baseline Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders interviewed between 1987 and 1989 (n = 2153). We used logistic regression and structural equation twin models to evaluate these 3 hypotheses. Results. Consistent with the social causation hypothesis, education (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 0.93; P < .01) and income (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89, 0.98; P < .01) were significantly related to past-year major depression. Upward social mobility was associated with lower risk of depression. There was no evidence that childhood SES was related to development of major depression (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.09; P > .1). Consistent with a common genetic cause, there was a negative correlation between the genetic components of major depression and education (r2 =  –0.22). Co-twin control analyses indicated a protective effect of education and income on major depression even after accounting for genetic liability. Conclusions. This study utilized a genetically informed design to address how social position relates to major depression. Results generally supported the social causation model.
Gene–Environment Correlation: Difficulties and a Natural Experiment–Based Strategy
Authors: Wagner Brandon , Li Jiang , Liu Hexuan , Guo Guang 
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We explored how gene–environment correlations can result in endogenous models, how natural experiments can protect against this threat, and if unbiased estimates from natural experiments are generalizable to other contexts. Methods. We compared a natural experiment, the College Roommate Study, which measured genes and behaviors of college students and their randomly assigned roommates in a southern public university, with observational data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in 2008. We predicted exposure to exercising peers using genetic markers and estimated environmental effects on alcohol consumption. A mixed-linear model estimated an alcohol consumption variance that was attributable to genetic markers and across peer environments. Results. Peer exercise environment was associated with respondent genotype in observational data, but not in the natural experiment. The effects of peer drinking and presence of a general gene–environment interaction were similar between data sets. Conclusions. Natural experiments, like random roommate assignment, could protect against potential bias introduced by gene–environment correlations. When combined with representative observational data, unbiased and generalizable causal effects could be estimated.
A Simple Protocol for AMMI Analysis of Yield Trials
Authors: Gauch Hugh G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model has been used extensively for analysis of multi‐environment yield trials for two main purposes: understanding complex genotype × environment interactions and increasing accuracy. Nevertheless, AMMI analyses implementing best practices have been rare. Accordingly, this paper presents a simple protocol with four steps: (i) analysis of variance, (ii) model diagnosis, (iii) mega‐environment delineation, and (iv) agricultural recommendations. This protocol is illustrated with an international bread wheat trial. This paper concerns a basic and common application of AMMI: yield‐trial analysis without consideration of special structure or additional data for either genotypes or environments. Best practices involve using both treatment and experimental designs to gain accuracy and exploiting both broad and narrow adaptations to increase yields.
Mandibular symphysis morphology and dimensions in different anteroposterior jaw relationships
Authors: Al-Khateeb Susan N. , Al Maaitah Emad F. , Abu Alhaija Elham S. , Badran Serene A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess the morphology and dimensions of mandibular symphysis (MS) in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and to investigate whether craniofacial parameters have any correlation with its shape and/or dimensions.

Materials and Methods:
Lateral cephalograms of subjects with Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal relationships were traced. Several craniofacial and MS parameters were measured. MS parameters were compared between the three groups using analysis of variance and were correlated with the craniofacial parameters using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:
Larger angle of concavity of the chin, more inclination of the alveolar bone toward the mandibular plane, and larger MS dimensions and area (P &lt; .001) were found with a Class III skeletal relationship compared to Class I and Class II relationships. The Pearson correlation coefficient between Id-Me and AFH was r  =  0.83 and between Id-Me and LAFH it was r  =  0.81.

Conclusions:
The dimensions and configuration of MS in the Class III relationship were different than those in Class I and Class II relationships; the alveolar part of MS compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern. MS dimensions were strongly correlated to anterior facial dimensions.
Diazolium Salts with Dihydroxyacetophenone Skeleton with Anticipated Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Mantu Dorina , Ene Eliza , Antocia Vasilichia , Zbanciocb Ana Maria 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We report herein a feasible study concerning design, syntheses and structure of some new diazolium salts with dihydroxyacetophenone skeleton of anticipated anticancer and antimicrobial activity. The syntheses of the desired imidazolium dihydroxyacetophenone salts occur smoothly, via an N-alkylation reaction, with good to excellent yields. The structure of the newly compounds were assigned without doubts by elemental and spectral analysis: IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D-COSY, 2D-HETCOR (HMQC), long range 2D-HETCOR (HMBC).
Ninhydrin-based spectrophotometric assays of trace cyanide
Authors: Surleva Andriana , Zaharia Marius , Ion Laura , Gradinaru Robert Vasile , Drochioiu Gabi , Mangalagiu Ionel 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The extreme toxicity of cyanide, its wide industrial application as well as its continued illegal use generate research interest in different fields of science, imposing multidisciplinary approach to study cyanide poisoning. We show here that the reaction between cyanide and ninhydrin can be performed at ambient conditions; however, the ninhydrin reagent has to be freshly prepared in oxygen free solvent. Besides, we show that the reading of the absorbance at 485 nm might be more suitable and reliable than that at 590 nm, where the pH-dependent blue colored cyanide-ninhydrin adduct is less stable. Ninhydrin-based color reagent can be used to quantify the cyanide released from plant seeds. In sodium carbonate medium, the proposed assay is fast, cheap and environmentally friendly
Changes in microbiota of rainbow trout caused by sediments contamination
Authors: Šyvokienė Janina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe abundance, composition and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, as possible biomarkers of contamination with oil hydrocarbons, of autochthonous and alochtonous microbiota of the digestive tract of rainbow trout have been estimated. The samples of the bottom sediments for microbiological tests have been collected and a response of natural bacterial communities in the digestive tract of rainbow trout and nutritional changes has been investigated. Experimental fish have been fed with a mixture of three substances with the aim to assess the influence of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria contained in the sediments on the microbiota of rainbow trout’s digestive tracts. The abundance values of rainbow trout intestinal heterotrophic bacteria were found to change depending on alochtonous microbiota of different bottom sediments given to the experimental fish with food in vitro. According to the results of our research, it is likely that the changes in the abundance values of the microbiota of the digestive tract of fish and in the proportions of functional groups of the bacteria allow us to determine changes in the functional activity of bacteria depending on food composition. Any relative increase or decrease of abundance or activity of alochtonous microbiota allows the prediction of toxic effects of the contaminants on animals and the environment.
Biochemical characterization of aspartate aminotransferase allozymes from common wheat
Authors: Maciąga Marcin , Szkop Michał , Paszkowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSix allozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1): three plastidial (AAT-2 zone) and three cytosolic (AAT-3 zone) were isolated from common wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings and highly purified by a five-step purification procedure. The identity of the studied proteins was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The molecular weight of AAT allozymes determined by gel filtration was 72.4±3.6 kDa. The molecular weights of plastidial and cytosolic allozymes estimated by SDS-PAGE were 45.3 and 43.7 kDa, respectively. The apparent Michaelis constant (K
m) values determined for four substrates appeared to be very similar for each allozyme. The values of the turnover number (k
cat) and the k
cat/K
m ratio calculated for allozymes with L-aspartate as a leading substrate were in the range of 88.5–103.8 s−1/10,412–10,795 s−1 M−1 for AAT-2 zone and 4.6–7.0 s−1/527–700 s−1 M−1 for AAT-3 zone. These results clearly demonstrated much higher catalytic efficiency of AAT-2 allozymes. Therefore, partial sequences of cDNA encoding AATs from different zones were obtained using the RT-PCR technique. Comparison of the AAT-2 and AAT-3 amino acid sequences from active site regions revealed five non-conservative substitutions, which impact on the observed differences in the isozymes catalytic efficiency is discussed.
Application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe ARDS secondary to pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Zhang Xi-Hong , Xiu Rui-Xia , Wu Tie-Jun , Zou Xiu-Li , Ma Long-Le , Wang Le-Xin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This report describes a 24-year-old patient with marked and continuous hypoxemia resulting from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to pneumonia, which in turn was refractory to mechanical ventilation and other conventional adjunctive therapies. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was applied for 14 days and resulted in significant improvement in the hypoxemia. We conclude that ECMO presents a therapeutic option for ARDS patients who fail to respond to conventional mechanical ventilation.
Parameter sensitivity of a distributed enhanced temperature-index melt model
Authors: Heynen Martin , Pellicciotti Francesca , Carenzo Marco 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe investigate the sensitivity of a distributed enhanced temperature-index (ETI) melt model, in order to understand which parameters have the largest influence on model outputs and thus need to be accurately known. We use melt and meteorological data from two Alpine glaciers and one glacier in the Andes of Chile. Sensitivity analysis is conducted in a systematic way in terms of parameters and the different conditions (day, night, clear-sky, overcast), melt seasons and glaciers examined. The sensitivity of total melt to changes in individual parameters is calculated using a local method around the optimal value of the parameters. We verify that the parameters are optimal at the distributed scale and assess the model uncertainty induced by uncertainty in the parameters using a Monte Carlo technique. Model sensitivity to parameters is consistent across melt seasons, glaciers, different conditions and the daily statistics examined. The parameters to which the model is most sensitive are the shortwave-radiation factor, the temperature lapse rate for extrapolation of air temperature, the albedo parameters, the temperature threshold and the cloud transmittance factor parameters. A parameter uncertainty of 5% results in a model uncertainty of 5.6% of mean melt on Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland.