bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the salience network in processing lexical and nonlexical stimuli in cochlear implant users
Authors: Song Jae‐Jin , Vanneste Sven , Lazard Diane S. , Van de Heyning Paul , Park Joo Hyun , Oh Seung Ha , De Ridder Dirk 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrevious positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that various cortical areas are activated to process speech signal in cochlear implant (CI) users. Nonetheless, differences in task dimension among studies and low statistical power preclude from understanding sound processing mechanism in CI users. Hence, we performed activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis of PET studies in CI users and normal hearing (NH) controls to compare the two groups. Eight studies (58 CI subjects/92 peak coordinates; 45 NH subjects/40 peak coordinates) were included and analyzed, retrieving areas significantly activated by lexical and nonlexical stimuli. For lexical and nonlexical stimuli, both groups showed activations in the components of the dual‐stream model such as bilateral superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, left posterior inferior frontal gyrus, and left insula. However, CI users displayed additional unique activation patterns by lexical and nonlexical stimuli. That is, for the lexical stimuli, significant activations were observed in areas comprising salience network (SN), also known as the intrinsic alertness network, such as the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), left insula, and right supplementary motor area in the CI user group. Also, for the nonlexical stimuli, CI users activated areas comprising SN such as the right insula and left dACC. Previous episodic observations on lexical stimuli processing using the dual auditory stream in CI users were reconfirmed in this study. However, this study also suggests that dual‐stream auditory processing in CI users may need supports from the SN. In other words, CI users need to pay extra attention to cope with degraded auditory signal provided by the implant. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1982–1994, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterisation of hydroclimatological trends and variability in the Lake Naivasha basin, Kenya
Authors: Odongo Vincent Omondi , van der Tol Christiaan , van Oel Pieter R. , Meins Frank M. , Becht Robert , Onyando Japheth , Su Zhongbo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent hydro‐climatological trends and variability characteristics were investigated for the Lake Naivasha basin with the aim of understanding the changes in water balance components and their evolution over the past 50 years. Using a Bayesian change point analysis and modified Mann–Kendall tests, time series of annual mean, maximum, minimum, and seasonal precipitation and flow, as well as annual mean lake volumes, were analysed for the period 1960–2010 to uncover possible abrupt shifts and gradual trends. Double cumulative curve analysis was used to investigate the changes in hydrological response attributable to either human influence or climatic variability. The results indicate a significant decline in lake volumes at a mean rate of 9.35 × 106 m3 year−1. Most of the river gauging stations showed no evidence of trends in the annual mean and maximum flows as well as seasonal flows. Annual minimum flows, however, showed abrupt shifts and significant (upward/downward) trends at the main outlet stations. Precipitation in the basin showed no evidence of abrupt shifts, but a few stations showed gradual decline. The observed changes in precipitation could not explain the decline in both minimum flows and lake volumes. The findings show no evidence of any impact of climate change for the Lake Naivasha basin over the past 50 years. This implies that other factors, such as changes in land cover and infrastructure development, have been responsible for the observed changes in streamflow and lake volumes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitatively Probing Cross‐Termination in RAFT Polymerization by an Externally Applied Magnetic Field
Authors: Lv Ling , Zhou Jian , Zou Gang , Zhang Qijin 
Published: January 2015

Cross‐termination in bulk reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is characterized by defining a new parameter, RM, in terms of the polymerization rates with and without an externally applied magnetic field (EAMF). For the bulk RAFT polymerization (RAFTP) of styrene (St), mediated by (2‐cyano‐2‐propyl)dithiobenzoate (CPDB) and S‐1‐dodecyl‐S′‐(α, α′‐dimethyl‐α′′‐acetic acid)trithiocarbonate (DDMAT), an RM of 0.534 and 0.382 is obtained respectively, showing a sensible dependence on the RAFT agent. It is also found that RM has a close relationship with the strength of the EAMF and the concentration of the RAFT agent. Detailed discussion reveals that RM can be used as a characteristic parameter to measure the extent of cross‐termination in RAFTP. The experimental technique offers an efficient way to quantitatively probe the cross‐termination in situ, and sheds light on the mechanism of RAFTP.
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Coordination RC6H4S(CH2)8SC6H4R/(CuI)n Polymers (R (n) = H (4); Me (8)): An Innocent Methyl Group that Makes the Difference
Authors: Harvey Pierre D. , Bonnot Antoine , Lapprand Antony , Strohmann Carsten , Knorr Michael 
Published: January 2015

Under identical conditions, CuI reacts with PhS(CH2)8SPh and p‐TolS(CH2)8STol‐p affording, respectively, a luminescent 1D coordination polymer [Cu4I4{μ2‐PhS(CH2)8SPh}2]n (1) and an unprecedented 2D network [Cu8I8{μ2‐p‐TolS(CH2)8STol‐p}3(MeCN)2]n (2), which incorporate closed‐cubane Cu4I4 and octanuclear Cu8I8 clusters of as connecting nodes. Their thermal and photophysical properties exhibit notable differences.
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Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed albumin extracts show anti‐inflammatory effect in the DSS model of mouse colitis
Authors: Utrilla Mᵃ Pilar , Peinado Mᵃ Jesus , Ruiz Raquel , Rodriguez‐Nogales Alba , Algieri Francesca , Rodriguez‐Cabezas Mᵃ Elena , Clemente Alfonso , Galvez Julio , Rubio Luis A. 
Published: January 2015

ScopeThis study investigates the preventive effects of two pea (Pisum sativum) seed albumin extracts, either in the presence (pea seed extract [PSE]) or absence (albumin fraction from PSE [AF‐PSE]) of soluble polysaccharides, in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in mice.Methods and resultsMale C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: one noncolitic and four colitic. Colitis was induced by incorporating DSS (3.5%) in the drinking water for 4 days, after which DSS was removed. Treated groups received orally PSE (15 g/kg⋅day), or AF‐PSE (1.5 g/kg⋅day), or pure soy Bowman–Birk inhibitor (BBI; 50 mg/kg⋅day), starting 2 wk before colitis induction, and maintained for 9 days after. All treated groups showed intestinal anti‐inflammatory effect, evidenced by reduced microscopic histological damage in comparison with untreated colitic mice. The treatments ameliorated the colonic mRNA expression of different proinflammatory markers: cytokines, inducible enzymes, metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and toll‐like receptors, as well as proteins involved in maintaining the epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, the administration of PSE, AF‐PSE, or soy BBI restored bacterial counts, partially or totally, to values in healthy mice.ConclusionPSE and AF‐PSE ameliorated DSS‐induced damage to mice, their effects being due, at least partially, to the presence of active BBI.
Dietary fatty acids modulate associations between genetic variants and circulating fatty acids in plasma and erythrocyte membranes: Meta‐analysis of nine studies in the CHARGE consortium
Authors: Smith Caren E. , Follis Jack L. , Nettleton Jennifer A. , Foy Millennia , Wu Jason H.Y. , Ma Yiyi , Tanaka Toshiko , Manichakul Ani W. , Wu Hongyu , Chu Audrey Y. , Steffen Lyn M. , Fornage Myriam , Mozaffarian Dariush , Kabagambe Edmond K. , Ferruci Luigi , Chen Yii‐Der Ida , Rich Stephen S. , Djoussé Luc , Ridker Paul M. , Tang Weihong , McKnight Barbara , Tsai Michael Y. , Bandinelli Stefania , Rotter Jerome I. , Hu Frank B. , Chasman Daniel I. , Psaty Bruce M. , Arnett Donna K. , King Irena B. , Sun Qi , Wang Lu , Lumley Thomas , Chiuve Stephanie E. , Siscovick David S. , Ordovás José M. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. 
Published: January 2015

ScopeTissue concentrations of omega‐3 fatty acids may reduce cardiovascular disease risk, and genetic variants are associated with circulating fatty acids concentrations. Whether dietary fatty acids interact with genetic variants to modify circulating omega‐3 fatty acids is unclear. We evaluated interactions between genetic variants and fatty acid intakes for circulating alpha‐linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid.Methods and resultsWe conducted meta‐analyses (N = 11 668) evaluating interactions between dietary fatty acids and genetic variants (rs174538 and rs174548 in FADS1 (fatty acid desaturase 1), rs7435 in AGPAT3 (1‐acyl‐sn‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate), rs4985167 in PDXDC1 (pyridoxal‐dependent decarboxylase domain‐containing 1), rs780094 in GCKR (glucokinase regulatory protein), and rs3734398 in ELOVL2 (fatty acid elongase 2)). Stratification by measurement compartment (plasma versus erthyrocyte) revealed compartment‐specific interactions between FADS1 rs174538 and rs174548 and dietary alpha‐linolenic acid and linoleic acid for docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid.ConclusionOur findings reinforce earlier reports that genetically based differences in circulating fatty acids may be partially due to differences in the conversion of fatty acid precursors. Further, fatty acids measurement compartment may modify gene–diet relationships, and considering compartment may improve the detection of gene–fatty acids interactions for circulating fatty acid outcomes.
The impact of dietary fibers on dendritic cell responses in vitro is dependent on the differential effects of the fibers on intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Bermudez‐Brito Miriam , Sahasrabudhe Neha M. , Rösch Christiane , Schols Henk A. , Faas Marijke M. , de Vos Paul 
Published: January 2015

ScopeIn the present study, the direct interaction of commonly consumed fibers with epithelial or dendritic cells (DCs) was studied.Methods and resultsThe fibers were characterized for their sugar composition and chain length profile. When in direct contact, fibers activate DCs only mildly. This was different when DCs and fibers were co‐cultured together with supernatants from human epithelial cells (Caco spent medium). Caco spent medium enhanced the production of IL‐12, IL‐1Ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, MCP‐1 (monocyte chemotactic protein), and MIP‐1α but this was strongly attenuated by the dietary fibers. This attenuating effect on proinflammatory cytokines was dependent on the interaction of the fibers with Toll‐like receptors as it was reduced by Pepinh‐myd88. The interaction of galacto‐oligosaccharides, chicory inulin, wheat arabinoxylan, barley β‐glucan with epithelial cells and DCs led to changes in the production of the Th1 cytokines in autologous T cells, while chicory inulin, and barley β‐glucan reduced the Th2 cytokine IL‐6. The Treg‐promoting cytokine IL‐10 was induced by galacto‐oligosaccharides whereas chicory inulin decreased the IL‐10 production.ConclusionsOur results suggest that dietary fibers can modulate the host immune system not only by the recognized mechanism of effects on microbiota but also by direct interaction with the consumer's mucosa. This modulation is dietary fiber type dependent.
Established and emerging nanocolloids: from synthesis and characterization to applications
Authors: André Pascal , Maillard Mathieu , Dukovic Gordana , Motte Laurence , Tilley Richard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractColloidal nanomaterials are part of an emergent class of materials prepared in solution and providing unprecedented levels of functionality. Such nanostructures can not only be used to study new physical and chemical phenomena in low‐dimensional systems but they also enable a route for the development of new technologies in key areas. Examples include communications and information processing, sensing and renewable energy, electronic and photonic devices, as well as biomedicine.This symposium provided a platform to discuss the preparation of nanocolloids, including well‐established nanomaterials such as quantum dots and metal nanoparticles, as well as emerging nanostructures such as doped semiconductors, ferroelectrics and multiferroics. This symposium brought insight into the relevant fundamental materials and interface issues as well as material design, device fabrication, and functionality.
Immobilization ofPseudomonas fluorescenslipase on hydrophobic supports and application in biodiesel synthesis by transesterification of vegetable oils in solvent-free systems
Authors: Lima Lionete N , Oliveira Gladson C , Rojas Mayerlenis J , Castro Heizir F , Da Rós Patrícia C M , Mendes Adriano A , Giordano Raquel L C , Tardioli Paulo W 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis work describes the preparation of biocatalysts for ethanolysis of soybean and babassu oils in solvent-free systems. Polystyrene, Amberlite (XAD-7HP), and octyl-silica were tested as supports for the immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). The use of octyl-silica resulted in a biocatalyst with high values of hydrolytic activity (650.0 ± 15.5 IU/g), immobilization yield (91.3 ± 0.3 %), and recovered activity (82.1 ± 1.5 %). PFL immobilized on octyl-silica was around 12-fold more stable than soluble PFL, at 45 °C and pH 8.0, in the presence of ethanol at 36 % (v/v). The biocatalyst provided high vegetable oil transesterification yields of around 97.5 % after 24 h of reaction using babassu oil and around 80 % after 48 h of reaction using soybean oil. The PFL-octyl-silica biocatalyst retained around 90 % of its initial activity after five cycles of transesterification of soybean oil. Octyl-silica is a promising support that can be used to immobilize PFL for subsequent application in biodiesel synthesis.
The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Guiding Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chan Andy K.W. , Hegarty Chris , Klass Darren , Yoshida Eric , Chung Stephen , Liu David M. , Ho Stephen G.F. , Harris Alison C. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using ultrasound (US)-specific microbubbles in guiding radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with HCC treated with CEUS guided RFA using perflutren at our institution was performed. CEUS images were first compared to B-mode US images performed at the same RFA session to determine the ability of CEUS to increase the conspicuity of lesions. A qualitative score (1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = excellent) was used to grade the ability to visualize the lesions. The preprocedure CEUS images were then evaluated using the most recent prior contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated with short-term follow-up imaging (median 1 month) for presence of residual or recurrent disease. Results CEUS allows at least fair visualization (score ≥2) in 78% (reader 1) and 80% (reader 2) of the lesions not visualized by B-mode US, and 50% (reader 1) and 42% (reader 2) of the lesions poorly visualized by B-mode US. Lesion appearances on CEUS are largely concordant with those on CT or MRI: 88% for reader 1, 96% for reader 2. With CEUS-guided RFA, complete response was achieved in the vast majority of the lesions at short-term follow-up: 82% for reader 1, 94% for reader 2. Conclusions CEUS increases the conspicuity and provides better characterization of hypervascular HCC that are either not seen or poorly seen on B-mode US, and CEUS provides real-time guidance of RFA with good short-term treatment responses.
Risk Factors for Infection with Escherichia coli in Nursing Home Residents Colonized with Fluoroquinolone-Resistant E. coli
Authors: Manning Sara , Lautenbach Ebbing , Tolomeo Pam , Han Jennifer H. 
Published: January 2015

A case-control study to determine risk factors for clinical infection with Escherichia coli was conducted among nursing home residents colonized with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Among 94 subjects, 11 (12%) developed infections with E. coli. Risk factors included the presence of a urinary catheter or tracheostomy, diabetes mellitus, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole exposure.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3
Hydrolysis of phytate and formation of inositol phosphate isomers without or with supplemented phytases in different segments of the digestive tract of broilers
Authors: Zeller Ellen , Schollenberger Margit , Kühn Imke , Rodehutscord Markus 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe objective was to characterise degradation ofmyo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6) and formation of inositol phosphate (InsP) isomers in different segments of the broiler digestive tract. Influence of anAspergillus niger(PhyA) and twoEscherichia coli-derived (PhyE1 and PhyE2) phytases was also investigated. A total of 600 16-d-old broilers were allocated to forty floor pens (ten pens per treatment). Low-P (5·2 g/kg DM) maize–soyabean meal-based diets were fed without (basal diet; BD) or with a phytase added. On day 25, digesta from different digestive tract segments were pooled per segment on a pen-basis, freeze-dried and analysed for P, InsP isomers and the marker TiO2. InsP6degradation until the lower ileum (74 %) in BD-fed birds showed a high potential of broilers and their gut microbiota to hydrolyse InsP6in low-P diets. Different InsP patterns in different gut segments suggested the involvement of phosphatases of different origin. Supplemented phytases increased InsP6hydrolysis in the crop (P < 0·01) but not in the lower ileum. Measurements in the crop and proventriculus/gizzard confirmed publishedin vitrodegradation pathways of 3- and 6-phytases for the first time. In the intestinal segments, specifically formed InsP4–5isomers of supplemented phytases were still present, indicating further activity of these enzymes.Myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate (InsP4) accumulation differed between PhyE1 and PhyE2 compared with PhyA in the anterior segments of the gut (P < 0·01). Thus, the hydrolytic cleavage of the first phosphate group is not the only limiting step in phytate degradation in broilers.
BUREAUCRATS AND INDIGENES: PRODUCING AND BYPASSING CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN IN NIGERIA
Authors: Fourchard Laurent 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn the last three decades, the politics of indigeneity have led to discrimination against and marginalization of non-indigenes as well as numerous violent conflicts between indigenes and non-indigenes in Nigeria. This discrimination, which is based on a localized place of belonging, has today become bureaucratized: local governments produce ‘certificates of indigene’ to identify the origin of their holders. This article looks at the bureaucratic machinery of issuing certificates of origin in two local governments of Oyo State (in the south-west) and the everyday encounters between users and bureaucrats that cannot be reduced to practices of corruption. It looks at the complicated and ambivalent process of identifying a ‘true indigene’; this process is supposed to strengthen local citizenship but it also contributes to the daily functioning of the state and is largely accepted by the majority as part of the state's ‘insidious gentleness’. The article also seeks to understand why official discrimination against non-indigenes is poorly contested locally by assessing the role of these documents in accessing public employment, university places and basic services, and examining whether areas inhabited by non-indigenes are perceived as being neglected or abandoned by the state. Currently, discrimination policies are implemented unequally and in many instances client–patron relationships help sidestep these policies.
‘MOBUTU'S GHOST’: MOBILIZING AGAINST FOREIGN RETAILERS IN CONTEMPORARY CONGO
Authors: Segatti Aurelia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTSince 2009, several unions of Congolese retailers have demanded the implementation of a 1973 law forbidding foreigners from operating small businesses and limiting their access to retail. Seemingly similar mobilizations have been observed elsewhere in Africa (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa), but the Congolese situation remains undocumented to date. The current discursive patterns and social practices that have emerged from this mobilization call for a socio-political enquiry, interrogating their xenophobic undertones but also viewing them in relation to the distribution of power and emerging political subjectivities of post-Mobutuist urban contexts. Based on extensive fieldwork, combining ethnographic research with interviews with key informants, conducted in Kinshasa between 2010 and 2012, this study focuses on mobilization techniques, the web of representations they give rise to, and political actors involved in or resisting the movement. It reveals a complex type of nationalistic discourse that draws on historical and contemporary global sources, while also being influenced by Congo's ambivalent relationship to national identity in the post-Mobutuist period. The non-distinct xenophobic undertones of the discourse, while mostly directed towards Asians and Lebanese, also result in the systematic targeting of West African business operators. Yet, despite often xenophobic and virulent rhetoric, interactions between Congolese and foreign traders have mostly remained characterized by ‘peaceful coexistence’. Those Congolese and foreigners who have chosen to resist injunctions to exclude the latter from economic spaces thus directly question national citizenship as the main basis for political and economic membership in the city of Kinshasa.
EVERYDAY POLITICS AND COLLECTIVE MOBILIZATION AGAINST FOREIGNERS IN A SOUTH AFRICAN SHACK SETTLEMENT
Authors: Monson Tamlyn 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn contrast to the tolerant and largely peaceful ‘living politics' of informal settlements, as embodied by the social movement Abahlali baseMjondolo, this article considers a darker side of squatter politics: ‘xenophobic’ mobilization. I show how the historical stratification of citizenship in South Africa remains spatially embedded in longstanding informal settlements, where distinctive repertoires of collective action have been shaped by a (still unfinished) history of struggle for inclusion. Using archival research and interviews conducted in the informal settlements of Atteridgeville, Gauteng, I show how the continuing struggle for equal citizenship draws on shared experiences of mundane hardship and collective labour, giving rise to social distance between established local squatters and politically indifferent foreign newcomers. At times of protest, this polarity is concentrated by and converges with familiar practices of insurgent citizenship, creating a context for mobilization against foreigners. In this sense, ‘xenophobic’ mobilization may be seen to articulate a claim for inclusion by structurally excluded ‘citizens', rather than an exclusionary claim by those who already belong. The article provides a useful counterpoint to readings of ‘xenophobic’ violence that focus on the role of elite discourses, instrumental leaders or crude racial identities in shaping such mobilization.