bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissections of a "strange" function
Authors: Ahlgren Scott , Kim Byungchan 
Published: April 2015

The "strange" function of Kontsevich and Zagier is defined by [Formula: see text] This series is defined only when q is a root of unity, and provides an example of what Zagier has called a "quantum modular form". In their recent work on congruences for the Fishburn numbers ξ(n) (whose generating function is F(1 - q)), Andrews and Sellers recorded a speculation about the polynomials which appear in the dissections of the partial sums of F(q). We prove that a more general form of their speculation is true. The congruences of Andrews–Sellers were generalized by Garvan in the case of prime modulus, and by Straub in the case of prime power modulus. As a corollary of our theorem, we reprove the known congruences for ξ(n) modulo prime powers.
From the Airfield to the High Street: The Met Office’s Role in the Emergence of Commercial Weather Services
Authors: Hall Alexander 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the role of the United Kingdom’s National Meteorological Service, the Met Office (MO), in the early development (1945–65) of applied, and subsequently commercial, weather and climatological services in the United Kingdom. Through examination of archival records it shows how theoretical and technological developments led to the postwar expansion of services for the general public and new user groups, resulting in funding pressure on the organization and the proactive seeking of nongovernment funding sources. The paper then explores the influence of these early developments on the subsequent large-scale expansion of applied and commercial services at the MO, which were to be enshrined in the organization’s mandate when it became an executive agency under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s efficiency review in 1990.
It is shown that the history of the Met Office’s role in applied weather services is important for understanding the organization’s position today as a civil agency that acts commercially, the broader process of “agentification” of the scientific civil service, and the United Kingdom’s prominence internationally in the private weather services market. By considering developments in the context of other National Meteorological Services and the international forum provided by the World Meteorological Organization, the development of weather services at the Met Office is shown to have been influenced by international best practice while remaining distinct in its approach to delivering a broad range of both public and commercial services.
Controllable synthesis porous Ag2CO3 nanorods for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Guo Shenghui , Bao Jianxing , Hu Tu , Zhang Libo , Yang Li , Peng Jinhui , Jiang Caiyi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The novel porous Ag2CO3 nanorods were facilely synthesized via a one-pot aqueous solution reaction at room temperature. The crystalline phase and size distribution of the nanorods were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In addition, the porous feature of nanorods was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The morphology and size of the Ag2CO3 crystal can be regulated via the choice of dispersing agents and adding approaches of reactants. Photocatalytic results show that the porous Ag2CO3 nanorods exhibit excellent photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation, particularly the photoactivity performance and stability can be further improved in the presence of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). It is indicated that NaHCO3 can prevent effectively the photocorrosion and promote the probability of electron-hole separation.
Fabrication of high-quality graphene oxide nanoscrolls and application in supercapacitor
Authors: Fan Tianju , Zeng Wenjin , Niu Qiaoli , Tong Songzhao , Cai Kaiyu , Liu Yidong , Huang Wei , Min Yong , Epstein Arthur J 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We reported a simple and effective way of fabricating one-dimensional (1D) graphene oxide nanoscrolls (GONS) from graphene oxide (GO) sheets through shock cooling by liquid nitrogen. The corresponding mechanism of rolling was proposed. One possibility is the formation of ice crystals during the shock cooling process in liquid nitrogen to be the driving force. The other might be due to the uneven stress of the sheets inside or outside ice during the lyophilization. After reducing, graphene nanoscrolls (GNS) exhibited good structural stability, high specific surface area, and high specific capacitance. The capacitance properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. A specific capacity of 156 F/g for the GNS at the current density of 1.0 A/g was obtained comparing with the specific capacity of 108 F/g for graphene sheets. Those results indicated that GNS-based rolling structure could be a kind of promising electrode material for supercapacitors and batteries.
In Vivo Patch-Clamp Analysis of the Antinociceptive Actions of TRPA1 Activation in the Spinal Dorsal Horn
Authors: Yamanaka Manabu , Taniguchi Wataru , Nishio Naoko , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yamada Hiroshi , Yoshida Munehito , Nakatsuka Terumasa 
Published: April 2015

Background Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are nonselective cation channels expressed in a variety of sensory structures, and are important molecular mediators of thermal, mechanical, cellular and chemical signals. We investigated the function of one key member of the TRP superfamily, TRPA1, in the spinal dorsal horn using in vivo patch-clamp recordings. Results The application of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a TRPA1 agonist, significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs; holding potential (VH) = 0 mV) as well as excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs; VH = −70 mV) in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons. The AITC-induced increases in EPSC frequency and amplitude were resistant to the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX). In the presence of the glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and AP5, AITC did not generate any synaptic activity. The AITC-induced increases in IPSC frequency and amplitude were abolished by TTX or glutamate receptor antagonists. Moreover, the duration of IPSCs enhanced by TRPA1 activation were significantly longer than those of EPSCs enhanced by activation of this channel in the spinal dorsal horn. AITC induced hyperpolarization of the membrane potential of SG neurons in the spinal cord but depolarized the membrane potential in the presence of TTX. Furthermore, we examined the effects of mechanical stimuli to the skin during TRPA1 activation in the spinal dorsal horn in normal rats in both voltage-clamp and current-clamp modes. In the peripheral tissue stimuli test, AITC significantly suppressed EPSCs evoked by pinch or air puff stimulation of the skin. In current-clamp mode, AITC significantly suppressed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by pinch stimuli. Conclusions TRPA1 appears to be localized not only at presynaptic terminals on SG neurons, enhancing glutamate release, but also in the terminals of primary afferents innervating spinal inhibitory interneurons, which have synaptic interactions with SG neurons. This study offers further insight into the mechanisms underlying the possible antinociceptive actions of TRPA1 activation in the spinal dorsal horn. Our findings suggest that pharmacological activation of spinal TRPA1 channels may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of pain.
A depauperate immune repertoire precedes evolution of sociality in bees
Authors: Barribeau Seth M , Sadd Ben M , du Plessis Louis , Brown Mark JF , Buechel Severine D , Cappelle Kaat , Carolan James C , Christiaens Olivier , Colgan Thomas J , Erler Silvio , Evans Jay , Helbing Sophie , Karaus Elke , Lattorff H Michael G , Marxer Monika , Meeus Ivan , Näpflin Kathrin , Niu Jinzhi , Schmid-Hempel Regula , Smagghe Guy , Waterhouse Robert M , Yu Na , Zdobnov Evgeny M , Schmid-Hempel Paul 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Sociality has many rewards, but can also be dangerous, as high population density and low genetic diversity, common in social insects, is ideal for parasite transmission. Despite this risk, honeybees and other sequenced social insects have far fewer canonical immune genes relative to solitary insects. Social protection from infection, including behavioral responses, may explain this depauperate immune repertoire. Here, based on full genome sequences, we describe the immune repertoire of two ecologically and commercially important bumblebee species that diverged approximately 18 million years ago, the North American Bombus impatiens and European Bombus terrestris.

Results
We find that the immune systems of these bumblebees, two species of honeybee, and a solitary leafcutting bee, are strikingly similar. Transcriptional assays confirm the expression of many of these genes in an immunological context and more strongly in young queens than males, affirming Bateman’s principle of greater investment in female immunity. We find evidence of positive selection in genes encoding antiviral responses, components of the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways, and serine protease inhibitors in both social and solitary bees. Finally, we detect many genes across pathways that differ in selection between bumblebees and honeybees, or between the social and solitary clades.

Conclusions
The similarity in immune complement across a gradient of sociality suggests that a reduced immune repertoire predates the evolution of sociality in bees. The differences in selection on immune genes likely reflect divergent pressures exerted by parasites across social contexts.
Inter-individual differences in the gene content of human gut bacterial species
Authors: Zhu Ana , Sunagawa Shinichi , Mende Daniel R , Bork Peer 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Gene content differences in human gut microbes can lead to inter-individual phenotypic variations such as digestive capacity. It is unclear whether gene content variation is caused by differences in microbial species composition or by the presence of different strains of the same species; the extent of gene content variation in the latter is unknown. Unlike pan-genome studies of cultivable strains, the use of metagenomic data can provide an unbiased view of structural variation of gut bacterial strains by measuring them in their natural habitats, the gut of each individual in this case, representing native boundaries between gut bacterial populations. We analyzed publicly available metagenomic data from fecal samples to characterize inter-individual variation in gut bacterial species.

Results
A comparison of 11 abundant gut bacterial species showed that the gene content of strains from the same species differed, on average, by 13% between individuals. This number is based on gene deletions only and represents a lower limit, yet the variation is already in a similar range as observed between completely sequenced strains of cultivable species. We show that accessory genes that differ considerably between individuals can encode important functions, such as polysaccharide utilization and capsular polysaccharide synthesis loci.

Conclusion
Metagenomics can yield insights into gene content variation of strains in complex communities, which cannot be predicted by phylogenetic marker genes alone. The large degree of inter-individual variability in gene content implies that strain resolution must be considered in order to fully assess the functional potential of an individual's human gut microbiome.
The primary study of low-dose pancreas perfusion by 640- slice helical CT: a whole-organ perfusion
Authors: Tan Zhengwu , Miao Qi , Li Xiaoling , Ren Ke , Zhao Yu , Zhao Li , Li Xuedan , Liu Yi , Chai Ruimei , Xu Ke 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To discuss the feasibility of low-dose whole-pancreas imaging utilizing 640-slice dynamic volume CT.80 patients (40 cases of normal pancreas and 40 patients supposed of having pancreatic carcinoma or focal pancreatic space-occupying lesions were mainly refered) referred for CT pancreas perfusion were enrolled in the study. 80 patients randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group ① (whole sequence). Group ② (odd number sequence). Group ③ (even number group)(Compared to ①, the scanning times and effective radiate dose of ② and ③ decreased about 50% respectively). The head, body, tail of each normal pancreas without any pancreatic disease, lesion and lesion-surrounding areas of each pancreatic cancer were selected as ROI, and tissue peak, blood flow are measured.According to pathology and clinical materials, 27 patients were diagnosed as pancreatic cancer; 40 patients were diagnosed as normal pancreas. The tissue peak and blood flow of the head, body, tail of normal pancreas without any pancreatic disease are 109.63 ± 16.60 and 131.90 ± 41.61, 104.38 ± 19.39 and 127.78 ± 42.52, 104.55 ± 15. 44 and 123.50 ± 33.44 respectively. The tissue peak and blood flow of pancreatic cancer is 59.59 ± 18.20 and 60.00 ± 15.36. For and between each group, there is no significant statistical difference for the tissue peak and blood flow of normal areas of the head, body, tail of normal pancreas. There is statistical difference for the tissue peak and blood flow of lesion and lesion-surrounding areas of pancreatic cancer in each group. However, there is no statistical difference for the tissue peak and blood flow of normal and diseasing areas between 3 groups.Low-dose whole-pancreas perfusion with 640-slice dynamic volume CT is feasible.
Utility of five commonly used immunohistochemical markers TTF‐1, Napsin A, CK7, CK5/6 and P63 in primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: a retrospective study of 246 fine needle aspiration cases
Authors: Gurda Grzegorz T , Zhang Lei , Wang Yuting , Chen Li , Geddes Susan , Cho William C , Askin Frederic , Gabrielson Edward , Li Qing Kay 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy plays a critical role in the diagnosis and staging of lung primary and metastatic lung carcinoma. Accurate subclassification of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and/or squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) is crucial for the targeted therapy. However, the distinction between ADC and SqCC may be difficult in small FNA specimens. Here, we have retrospectively evaluated the utility of TTF‐1, Napsin A, CK7, P63 and CK5/6 immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in the distinguishing and subclassification of ADC and SqCC.MethodsA total of 246 FNA cases were identified by a computer search over a two‐year period, including 102 primary NSCLC and 144 primary NSCLC which had metastasized to other sites. The immunostaining patterns of TTF‐1, Napsin A, CK7, P63 and CK5/6 were correlated with the histological diagnosis of the tumor.ResultsIn 72 primary ADCs, TTF‐1, Napsin A and CK7 showed a sensitivity and specificity of 84.5%/96.4%, 92.0%/100%, and 93.8%/50.0%. In 30 primary SqCCs, CK5/6 and P63 showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100%/77.8% and 91.7%/78.3%. In 131 metastatic ADCs, Napsin A showed the highest specificity (100%), versus TTF‐1 (87.5%) and CK7 (25%) but decreased sensitivity (67.8% versus 86.9% and 100%); whereas in 13 metastatic SqCCs, CK5/6 and P63 showed a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/84.6% and 100%/68.4%. Bootstrap analysis showed that the combination of TTF‐1/CK7, TTF‐1/Napsin A and TTF‐1/CK7/Napsin A had a sensitivity/specificity of 0.960/0.732, 0.858/0.934, 0.972/0.733 for primary lung ADCs and 0.992/0.642, 0.878/0.881, 0.993/0.618 for metastatic lung ADCs.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that IHC markers had variable sensitivity and specificity in the subclassification of primary and metastatic ADC and SqCC. Based on morphological findings, an algorithm with the combination use of markers aided in the subclassification of NSCLCs in difficult cases.
New Occurrences of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Semideciduous Seasonal Montane Forest and Tropical Dry Forest in Minas Gerais and in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Souza Marcos Magalhães , Pires Epifânio Porfiro , Eugênio Rafael , Silva-Filho Reinildes 
Published: April 2015

The occurrence of Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán, Mischocyttarus ignotus Zikán, Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards and Mischocyttarus paraguayensis Zikán for the state of Minas Gerais and Mischocyttarus garbei Zikán for the state of Rio de Janeiro are registered for the first time, collected through active search and attractive traps.
Novos Registros de Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana e Mata Seca em Minas Gerais e na Mata Atlântica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Resumo. Neste trabalho é registrado pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán, Mischocyttarus ignotus Zikán, Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards e Mischocyttarus paraguayensis Zikán para o estado de Minas Gerais e Mischocyttarus garbei Zikán para o estado do Rio de Janeiro coletadas por meio de busca ativa e armadilhas atrativas.
Formigas em Carcaças de Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) em uma Área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil: Riqueza e Abundância
Authors: Fonseca Alysson Rodrigo , Campos Renata Bernardes Faria , Silva Geiziane Ferreira 
Published: April 2015

Buscou-se conhecer as principais espécies de formigas associadas a carcaças de Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) ao longo do processo de decomposição, nas diferentes estações do ano em uma área de Cerrado. Em cada uma das quatro estações foi disposta em campo uma carcaça e ao redor desta foram instaladas cinco armadilhas do tipo pitfall. As formigas presentes na bandeja com a carcaça e nas armadilhas foram coletadas diariamente até o final da decomposição em cada uma das estações. Foram amostradas formigas pertencentes a vinte e três espécies, sendo 63,85% do total de indivíduos nas armadilhas e o restante coletado diretamente nas bandejas. Foram registradas a presença de espécies predadoras e nectarívoras. A escassez de recursos disponíveis no ambiente no período seco, possivelmente faz com que as carcaças sejam uma importante fonte de recursos, explicando a maior riqueza de espécies ativas nas proximidades da bandeja (coletadas nas armadilhas de queda). Esta maior atividade também se reflete em maior número de espécies e indivíduos nas carcaças. O oposto também parece ocorrer uma vez que na campanha de outono, final da estação chuvosa, notou-se a menor abundância de formigas nas carcaças. A presença de formigas nas carcaças ao longo de todas as fases do processo de decomposição e em todas as estações do ano evidenciou a importância da associação entre representantes deste táxon e carcaças em ambientes de Cerrado.
Ants on Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) Carcass in a Savannah Area in Southeastern Brazil: Richness and Abundance

Abstract. We studied the main species of ants associated with carcasses of Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) during the decomposition process, in different seasons in a savannah area. In each of the four seasons a carcass was disposed in the field and we installed around it five pitfall traps. Ants were collected from the tray containing the carcass and from the traps daily, until the end of decomposition in each season. Ants belonging to twenty-three species, with 63.85% of the total individuals collected in the traps and the rest directly in the trays, were sampled. The presence of predatory and nectarivorous species were registered. The scarcity of available resources in the environment in the dry season possibly makes the carcasses important food sources, explaining the higher richness of active species near the trays (collected in the pitfall traps). This increased activity is also reflected in a higher number of species and individuals in the carcasses. The opposite also seems to occur once in the autumn, end of wet season, we observed lower abundance of ants in the carcasses. The presence of ants on carcasses throughout all stages of the decomposition process and in all seasons of the year highlighted the importance of the association between representatives of this taxon and carcasses in Cerrado environments.
O Grupo costatus de Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera, Asilidae) no Brasil: Novos Registros e Distribuição de Ommatius costatus Rondani e Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot
Authors: Vieira Rodrigo 
Published: April 2015

Os limites geográficos de quatro espécies de Ommatiinae são estendidos: Ommatius complanatus Scarbrough, 1993; Ommatius spatulatus Curran, 1928; Ommatius spinosus Scarbrough, 1993; Ommatius uncatus Scarbrough, 1993. Além disso, um espécime adicional de Ommatius didymus Scarbrough, 1993 é examinado e suas variações morfológicas são anotadas. São fornecidos ainda registros geográficos de Ommatius costatus Rondani e Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot para o Brasil.
The costatus Group of Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera, Asilidae) in Brazil: New Records and Distribution of Ommatius costatus Rondani and Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot.

Abstract. The geographic ranges of four species of Ommatiinae are extended: Ommatius complanatus Scarbrough, 1993; Ommatius spatulatus Curran, 1928; Ommatius spinosus Scarbrough, 1993; Ommatius uncatus Scarbrough, 1993. Furthermore, an additional specimen of Ommatius didymus Scarbrough, 1993 is examined and their morphological variations are noted. Geographical records of Ommatius costatus Rondani, 1850 and Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot, 1876 are listed from Brazil.
Prolonged stopover duration characterises migration strategy and constraints of a long-distance migrant songbird
Authors: Arlt Debora , Olsson Peter , Fox James W , Low Matthew , Pärt Tomas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStopover behaviour is a central element of migration strategies. But in recent geolocator studies, despite now being able to track individual songbirds during their entire migration, their stopover behaviour has received little attention. We used light-sensitive geolocators to identify the migratory routes and schedules of 12 northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) breeding in Sweden. Three geolocators collected temperature data complementing inferences from light data by providing additional information on behaviour during migration. The wheatears performed a slow migration with considerable stopover time (84%/76% of autumn/spring migration), with short stops while traveling through Europe, and a prolonged stopover period in both autumn and spring in the Mediterranean region. Spring migration was faster than autumn migration, mainly because of decreased stopover time. Migration routes and time schedules were similar to those from a German breeding population. Compared to wheatears breeding in Alaska with a three-fold migration distance, Swedish wheatears spent more time during stopovers during autumn and spring migration, suggesting less time constraints and potential flexibility in migration schedules. The finding of prolonged stopovers, similar to other recent geolocator studies, shows that temporary residency periods may be common. This changes our current view on stopover ecology to one where temporary residency periods are part of spatio-temporal strategies optimising resource use during the entire annual cycle.