bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Macrocycles via Intramolecular and/or Bimolecular Ullmann Coupling.
Authors: Shen Li , Simmons Charles J. , Sun Dianqing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractVarious macrocyclic diaryl ethers are prepared via microwave assisted intramolecular or intermolecular Ullmann coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenzo[b,f]pyrazolo[1,5‐d][1,4]oxazepines: Facile Construction of a Rare Heterocyclic System via Tandem Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution—Smiles Rearrangement—Denitrocyclization.
Authors: Sapegin Alexander V. , Kalinin Stanislav A. , Smirnov Alexey V. , Dorogov Mikhail V. , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe process allows the access to various derivatives of the important drug skeleton (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Leishmanicidal Active Withanolides from a Pakistani Medicinal Plant, Withania coagulans.
Authors: Kuroyanagi Masanori , Murata Miki , Nakane Takahisa , Shirota Osamu , Sekita Setsuko , Fuchino Hiroyuki , Shinwari Zabta K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFour new withanolides are isolated along with seven known withanolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskites in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Gazda M. , Jasinski P. , Kusz B. , Bochentyn B. , Gdula‐Kasica K. , Lendze T. , Lewandowska‐Iwaniak W. , Mielewczyk‐Gryn A. , Molin S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractReview: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles by Domino‐Knoevenagel—Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Taher Abu , Nandi Raj Kumar 
Published: October 2012

AbstractReview: [pyran, pyranopyran, pyran‐thiopyran, [6,5]‐pyranopyrrole, [6,6]‐pyranopyridine; 86 refs.].
Solvent screening for non‐aqueous extraction of Alberta oil sands
Authors: Nikakhtari Hossein , Vagi Lisa , Choi Phillip , Liu Qi , Gray Murray R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNon‐aqueous extraction of bitumen from oil sands has the potential to reduce fresh water demand of the extraction process and eliminate tailings ponds. In this study, different light hydrocarbon solvents, including aromatics, cycloalkanes, biologically derived solvents and mixtures of solvents were compared for extraction of bitumen from Alberta oil sands at room temperature and ambient pressure. The solvents are compared based on bitumen recovery, the amount of residual solvent in the extracted oil sands tailings and the content of fine solids in the extracted bitumen. The extraction experiments were carried out in a multistage process with agitation in rotary mixers and vibration sieving. The oil sands tailings were dried under ambient conditions, and their residual solvent contents were measured by a purge and trap system followed by gas chromatography. The elemental compositions of the extraction tailings were measured to calculate bitumen recovery. Supernatants from the extraction tests were centrifuged to separate and measure the contents of fine solid particles. Except for limonene and isoprene, the tested solvents showed good bitumen recoveries of around 95%. The solvent drying rates and residual solvent contents in the extracted oil sands tailings correlated to solvent vapour pressure. The contents of fine solids in the extracted bitumen (supernatant) were below 2.9% for all solvents except n‐heptane‐rich ones. Based on these findings, cyclohexane is the best candidate solvent for bitumen extraction, with 94.4% bitumen recovery, 5 mg of residual solvent per kilogram of extraction tailings and 1.4 wt% fine solids in the recovered bitumen. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Fe3O4 Modified Up‐Conversion Luminescent Nanocrystals for Biological Applications
Authors: Hou Yu , Yin Zifei , Xin Hailiang , Su Yonghua , Yang Huagui 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMagnetic‐luminescent nanocomposites have obtained a great deal of attention due to their potential applications in magnetic separation of cells, magnetic resonance imaging and luminescence imaging, and so on. Herein, a new and facile two‐step synthetic strategy was developed to prepare magnetic Fe3O4 modified single crystalline up‐conversion luminescent NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the seeds. Acting as the "nuclei" in the reaction, the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles facilitates the formation of up‐conversion NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals on their surfaces through heterogeneous nucleation process. The structure and properties of these multifunctional nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photo luminescence (PL) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the as‐prepared multifunctional nanocrystals show dual distinct properties of up‐conversion fluorescent and superparamagnetism, which were cubic in shape and very uniform in size with an average size ranging 30–40 nm. These unique functionalities could be very attractive for biological systems, and some biological applications such as cell‐labelling were also demonstrated.
A Comparison Between Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Qin Qing , Qian Juying , Wu Xuefeng , Fan Bing , Ge Lei , Ge Junbo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:Unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease occurs in 3% to 5% of patients with coronary artery disease and is mainly treated by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Drug‐eluting stents (DESs) have renewed interest for the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment of ULMCA stenosis. This study compared the long‐term clinical outcome of PCI with DESs or CABG in real world patients with ULMCA disease.Hypothesis:PCI with DESs may be a better treatment for ULMCA disease compared with CABG.Methods:Consecutive patients who had coronary revascularization because of ULMCA disease in Zhongshan Hospital, from May 2003 to November 2009, were retrospectively enrolled. They were classified in the PCI or the CABG group according to treatments that were given initially. Of 515 patients having follow‐up data, 233 were treated by PCI, whereas 282 were treated by CABG. The patients in the CABG group were of older age, had higher European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) and Synergy Between PCI With Taxus Drug‐Eluting Stent and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) scores, and had longer hospitalization stays than the PCI group.Results:At the end of follow‐up, there was no difference in major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events between the 2 groups. However, the incidence of cardiac death (0.4% vs 4.6%) in the PCI group was less than that in the CABG group, whereas target vessel revascularization (7.3% vs 3.2%) was higher in the PCI group.Conclusions:In ULMCA disease, CABG tends to be chosen in patients with higher risk according to the EuroSCORE and SYNTAX scores. PCI with DESs seemed to have favorable early and long‐term clinical outcomes compared with CABG in our center. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22070Qing Qin, MD, and Juying Qian, MD, contributed equally to this work.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Density Functional Calculations of the Anisotropic Effects of Borazine and 1,3,2,4‐Diazadiboretidine
Authors: Baranac‐Stojanović Marija , Koch Andreas , Kleinpeter Erich 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOn the basis of the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) concept, the anisotropic effects of two inorganic rings, namely, borazine and planar 1,3,2,4‐diazadiboretidine, are quantitatively calculated and visualized as isochemical shielding surfaces (ICSSs). Dissection of magnetic shielding values along the three Cartesian axes into contributions from σ and π bonds by the natural chemical shielding–natural bond orbital (NCS–NBO) method revealed that their appearance is not a simple reflection of the extent of (anti)aromaticity.
Interfacial and Film‐Formation Behaviour of Photoactive RuII–Bipyridyl‐Based Metallosurfactants and a Rare Example of a Monolayer‐Based Logic‐Gate Approach
Authors: Mahato Prasenjit , Saha Sukdeb , Choudhury Sipra , Das Amitava 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThree derivatives of tris(bipyridyl)–ruthenium(II) complexes with different alkyl‐chain lengths (nC18H37 (1), nC14H29 (2) and nC10H21 (3)) were synthesised. All these complexes behaved as an amphiphile and their surface properties were studied at the air–water interface by measuring surface pressure–area (Π–A) isotherms. The surface morphology of the resulting films at the air–water interface was also studied by using Brewster angle microscopy. Mean molecular areas of these complexes were measured from the Π–A isotherms, which were approximately 200 Å2, thereby indicating a parallel arrangement of the Ru–bipyridyl moiety of the complexes. Mono‐ and multilayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were formed on different solid surfaces with transfer ratios close to one. Similarities in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of these amphiphiles in solution as well as in LB films deposited on a quartz surface confirmed the successful transfer of these films onto the substrates. The latter provided information about the arrangements of metallosurfactant molecules within the LB films. The two‐dimensional concentrations of these films were calculated from the Lambert–Beer law as well as from the Π–A isotherm, which confirmed regular and reproducible transfer of the complex monolayers from the air–water interface onto the quartz surface. The surface morphology of these films on various substrates was characterised by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, by oxidising the monolayer of complex 3, a one‐input sequential logic gate was constructed.
Resource allocation for heterogeneous services in multiuser cognitive radio networks
Authors: Xu Ding , Feng Zhiyong , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis paper considers a downlink cognitive radio network consisting of one cognitive base station and multiple secondary users (SUs) that shares spectrum with a primary network. Unlike most of previous studies that focus on the SUs that carry only one type of service, in this paper, the SUs that carry heterogeneous services are considered. Specifically, the SUs are classified by service types, that is, the SUs that carry nonreal‐time services and the SUs that carry real‐time services. The QoS of the nonreal‐time SUs is guaranteed by the minimum mean rate constraint, whereas the QoS of the real‐time SUs is guaranteed by the minimum instantaneous rate constraint. Under this setup, a joint subchannel, rate, and power allocation scheme based on dual optimization method is proposed to minimize the mean transmit power consumption of the cognitive base station. The complexity of the proposed scheme is linear in the number of subchannels and the number of SUs. Extensive simulation results are provided to validate the proposed resource allocation scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Species delimitation and digit number in a North African skink
Authors: Brown R. P. , Tejangkura T. , El Mouden E. H. , Ait Baamrane M. A. , Znari M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDelimitation of species is an important and controversial area within evolutionary biology. Many species boundaries have been defined using morphological data. New genetic approaches now offer more objective evaluation and assessment of the reliability of morphological variation as an indicator that speciation has occurred. We examined geographic variation in morphology of the continuously distributed skink Chalcides mionecton from Morocco and used Bayesian analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loci to examine: (i) their concordance with morphological patterns, (ii) support for species delimitation, (iii) timing of speciation, and (iv) levels of gene flow between species. Four digit individuals were found at sites between Cap Rhir (in the south) and the northern extreme of the range, whereas five‐digit individuals were found in two disjunct areas: (i) south of Cap Rhir and (ii) the north of the range where they were often syntopic with four‐digit individuals. The pattern of variation in generalized body dimensions was largely concordant with that in digit number, suggesting two general morphotypes. Bayesian analyses of population structure showed that individuals from sites south of Cap Rhir formed one genetic cluster, but that northern four‐ and five‐digit individuals clustered together. Statistical support for delimitation of these genetic clusters into two species was provided by a recent Bayesian method. Phylogenetic–coalescent dating with external time calibrations indicates that speciation was relatively recent, with a 95% posterior interval of 0.46–2.66 mya. This postdates equivalent phylogenetic dating estimates of sequence divergence by approximately 1 Ma. Statistical analyses of a small number of independent loci provide important insights into the history of the speciation process in C. mionecton and support delimitation of populations into two species with distributions that are spatially discordant with patterns of morphological variation.
4,4′,5,5′‐Tetrakis(guanidinyl)binaphthyl – Synthesis and Properties of Two Redox‐Active Ligands and Oxidative C–C Coupling to Perylene Derivatives
Authors: Wiesner Sven , Ziesak Alexandra , Reinmuth Matthias , Walter Petra , Kaifer Elisabeth , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe report the synthesis and properties of the new redox‐active ligands 4,4′,5,5′‐tetrakis(tetramethylguanidinyl)binaphthyl and 4,4′,5,5′‐tetrakis(N,N′‐dimethylethyleneguanidinyl)binaphthyl. The first dinuclear zinc complexes were prepared. Oxidative C–C coupling of these compounds leads to perylene derivatives.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Succinimides by Michael Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Maleimides Catalyzed by a Chiral Bis(2‐aminobenzimidazole) Organocatalyst
Authors: Gómez‐Torres Eduardo , Alonso Diego A. , Gómez‐Bengoa Enrique , Nájera Carmen 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA wide variety of chiral succinimides have been prepared in high yields and enantioselectivities by asymmetric conjugate addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to maleimides under very mild reaction conditions using a bifunctional benzimidazole‐derived organocatalyst. Computational and NMR studies support the hydrogen‐bonding activation role of the catalyst and the origin of the stereoselectivity of the process.
Synthesis, Structures, and Optical Properties of Heterasumanenes Containing Group 14 Elements and Their Related Compounds
Authors: Tanikawa Tomoharu , Saito Masaichi , Guo Jing Dong , Nagase Shigeru , Minoura Mao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTriphenylenogermole, triphenylenodigermole, and trigermasumanene were prepared by repetitive lithiation of triphenylene followed by introduction of germanium functionalities. This is the first example of a trigermasumanene. Tin congeners were also synthesized and investigated. X‐ray diffraction analysis of trisilasumanene 6, which does not have any substituents on the carbon atoms of the benzene rings, is also demonstrated. The optical properties of trigermasumanene and its derivatives were investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations were carried out to understand the properties of the thus‐obtained triphenylenometallole derivatives.
Ultratrace Osmium, Ruthenium and Lead in Airborne Particulate Matter: Peak Area as Instrumental Datum to Improve Their Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination
Authors: Locatelli Clinio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPeak area as instrumental datum for determining the concentration of metals in solution instead of peak height is proposed for the simultaneous voltammetric determination in particulate matter of ultratrace Os(VIII), Ru(III) and Pb(II), species linked to vehicle emissions. In the case of species present at ultratrace concentration level or having low reversibility degree of the electrodic processes, the employment of peak area, instead of peak current, permits to achieve limits of detection lower even more of one order of magnitude. The method is based on the catalytic current of the Os(VIII)‐, Ru(III)‐ and Pb(II)‐bromate system by differential pulse voltammetry. 0.3 mol L−1 acetate buffer pH 4.5+6.9×10−2 mol L−1 NaBrO3+2.3×10−4 mol L−1 EDTA‐Na2 was employed as the supporting electrolyte. For all the elements, the accuracy, expressed as relative error e%, and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation sr%, were satisfactory being lower than 6 %. To better validate the analytical procedure, a comparison with spectroscopic (electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, ET‐AAS) is also reported.
Electrochemical Detection of Nitric Oxide: Assessement of Twenty Years of Strategies
Authors: Bedioui Fethi , Griveau Sophie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present an assessment of twenty years of strategies from our group dedicated to the electrochemical detection of nitric oxide NO in solution, for biological applications. We provide a full description of the electrochemical approaches and we summarize the significant research contributions towards the development of sensors. We emphasize the importance of understanding how to improve the performances of the sensors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. A brief outlook into the future perspectives of the use of multi electrochemical array sensor is presented.
A simple ground‐motion prediction model for cumulative absolute velocity and model validation
Authors: Du Wenqi , Wang Gang 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYCumulative absolute velocity (CAV) is an important ground motion intensity measure used in seismic hazard analysis. Based on the Next Generation Attenuation strong motion database, a simple ground‐motion prediction equation is proposed for the geometric mean of as‐recorded horizontal components of CAVs using mixed regression analysis. The proposed model employs only four parameters and has a simple functional form. Validation tests are conducted to compare the proposed model with the recently developed Campbell–Bozorgnia (CB10) model using subsets of the strong motion database, as well as several recent earthquakes that are not used in developing the model. It is found that the predictive capability of the proposed model is comparable with the CB10 model, which employs a complex functional form and more parameters. The study also corroborates previous findings that CAV has higher predictability than other intensity measures such as the peak ground acceleration. The high predictability of CAV warrants the use of the proposed simple model as an alternative in seismic hazard analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and developmental heterogeneity of calcium signaling in olfactory ensheathing cells
Authors: Thyssen Anne , Stavermann Maren , Buddrus Kristina , Doengi Michael , Ekberg Jenny A. , St John James A. , Deitmer Joachim W. , Lohr Christian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are specialized glial cells in the mammalian olfactory system supporting growth of axons from the olfactory epithelium into the olfactory bulb. OECs in the olfactory bulb can be subdivided into OECs of the outer nerve layer and the inner nerve layer according to the expression of marker proteins and their location in the nerve layer. In the present study, we have used confocal calcium imaging of OECs in acute mouse brain slices and olfactory bulbs in toto to investigate physiological differences between OEC subpopulations. OECs in the outer nerve layer, but not the inner nerve layer, responded to glutamate, ATP, serotonin, dopamine, carbachol, and phenylephrine with increases in the cytosolic calcium concentration. The calcium responses consisted of a transient and a tonic component, the latter being mediated by store‐operated calcium entry. Calcium measurements in OECs during the first three postnatal weeks revealed a downregulation of mGluR1 and P2Y1 receptor‐mediated calcium signaling within the first 2 weeks, suggesting that the expression of these receptors is developmentally controlled. In addition, electrical stimulation of sensory axons evoked calcium signaling via mGluR1 and P2Y1 only in outer nerve layer OECs. Downregulation of the receptor‐mediated calcium responses in postnatal animals is reflected by a decrease in amplitude of stimulation‐evoked calcium transients in OECs from postnatal days 3 to 21. In summary, the results presented reveal striking differences in receptor responses during development and in axon–OEC communication between the two subpopulations of OECs in the olfactory bulb. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The delirium experience: what is the effect on patients, relatives and staff and what can be done to modify this?
Authors: Partridge Judith SL , Martin Finbarr C , Harari Danielle , Dhesi Jugdeep K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDelirium is a common clinical syndrome with significant associated mortality, morbidity and financial cost. Less is understood about the experience of delirium for the patient, their family and staff involved in their care.ObjectiveThis synthesis draws on qualitative and quantitative literature examining different populations (patients, relatives and staff) in different clinical settings (intensive care units, surgery and hospice care) to provide a clinical summary of the delirium experience from the perspective of patients, relatives and staff.DesignA literature search was conducted in Ovid, MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, British Nursing Index and Archive and PubMed between 1980 and 2011 using the terms ‘delirium’ combined with ‘distress’, ‘recall’, ‘anxiety’, ‘depression’, ‘PTSD’, ‘experience’ and ‘patient education’. Articles were restricted to English language only.ResultsEvidence suggests that some patients recall delirium and that recollections are generally distressing. Distress may be greater in relatives witnessing delirium and is also reported in professional staff. This distress may result in longer‐term psychological sequelae. Remedial action, such as explanatory information to patients and their families, may reduce distress and psychological morbidity.ConclusionsA better understanding of the experience and psychological consequences of delirium will inform the development of appropriate methods of providing support and information to those at risk of delirium and their families or carers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.