bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delocalized electronic engineering of TiNb2O7 enables low temperature capability for high-areal-capacity lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Yingjie , Zhao Wei , Zuo Pengjian , Tong Yujin , Yin Geping , Zhu Tong , Lou Shuaifeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh areal capacity and low-temperature ability are critical for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the practical operation is seriously impeded by the sluggish rates of mass and charge transfer. Herein, the active electronic states of TiNb2O7 material is modulated by dopant and O-vacancies for enhanced low-temperature dynamics. Femtosecond laser-based transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to depict carrier dynamics of TiNb2O7, which verifies the localized structure polarization accounting for reduced transport overpotential, facilitated electron/ion transport, and improved Li+ adsorption. At high-mass loading of 10 mg cm−2 and −30 °C, TNO-x@N microflowers exhibit stable cycling performance with 92.9% capacity retention over 250 cycles at 1 C (1.0-3.0 V, 1 C = 250 mA g−1). Even at −40 °C, a competitive areal capacity of 1.32 mAh cm−2 can be achieved. Such a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic structure-function put forward a rational viewpoint for designing high-areal-capacity batteries in cold regions.
AI-guided few-shot inverse design of HDP-mimicking polymers against drug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Wu Tianyu , Zhou Min , Zou Jingcheng , Chen Qi , Qian Feng , Kurths Jürgen , Liu Runhui , Tang Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHost defense peptide (HDP)-mimicking polymers are promising therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics and have large-scale untapped potential. Artificial intelligence (AI) exhibits promising performance on large-scale chemical-content design, however, existing AI methods face difficulties on scarcity data in each family of HDP-mimicking polymers (<102), much smaller than public polymer datasets (>105), and multi-constraints on properties and structures when exploring high-dimensional polymer space. Herein, we develop a universal AI-guided few-shot inverse design framework by designing multi-modal representations to enrich polymer information for predictions and creating a graph grammar distillation for chemical space restriction to improve the efficiency of multi-constrained polymer generation with reinforcement learning. Exampled with HDP-mimicking β-amino acid polymers, we successfully simulate predictions of over 105 polymers and identify 83 optimal polymers. Furthermore, we synthesize an optimal polymer DM0.8iPen0.2 and find that this polymer exhibits broad-spectrum and potent antibacterial activity against multiple clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant pathogens, validating the effectiveness of AI-guided design strategy.
Evaluation of FluSight influenza forecasting in the 2021–22 and 2022–23 seasons with a new target laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations
Authors: Mathis Sarabeth M. , Webber Alexander E. , León Tomás M. , Murray Erin L. , Sun Monica , White Lauren A. , Brooks Logan C. , Green Alden , Hu Addison J. , Rosenfeld Roni , Shemetov Dmitry , Tibshirani Ryan J. , McDonald Daniel J. , Kandula Sasikiran , Pei Sen , Yaari Rami , Yamana Teresa K. , Shaman Jeffrey , Agarwal Pulak , Balusu Srikar , Gururajan Gautham , Kamarthi Harshavardhan , Prakash B. Aditya , Raman Rishi , Zhao Zhiyuan , Rodríguez Alexander , Meiyappan Akilan , Omar Shalina , Baccam Prasith , Gurung Heidi L. , Suchoski Brad T. , Stage Steve A. , Ajelli Marco , Kummer Allisandra G. , Litvinova Maria , Ventura Paulo C. , Wadsworth Spencer , Niemi Jarad , Carcelen Erica , Hill Alison L. , Loo Sara L. , McKee Clifton D. , Sato Koji , Smith Claire , Truelove Shaun , Jung Sung-mok , Lemaitre Joseph C. , Lessler Justin , McAndrew Thomas , Ye Wenxuan , Bosse Nikos , Hlavacek William S. , Lin Yen Ting , Mallela Abhishek , Gibson Graham C. , Chen Ye , Lamm Shelby M. , Lee Jaechoul , Posner Richard G. , Perofsky Amanda C. , Viboud Cécile , Clemente Leonardo , Lu Fred , Meyer Austin G. , Santillana Mauricio , Chinazzi Matteo , Davis Jessica T. , Mu Kunpeng , Pastore y Piontti Ana , Vespignani Alessandro , Xiong Xinyue , Ben-Nun Michal , Riley Pete , Turtle James , Hulme-Lowe Chis , Jessa Shakeel , Nagraj V. P. , Turner Stephen D. , Williams Desiree , Basu Avranil , Drake John M. , Fox Spencer J. , Suez Ehsan , Cojocaru Monica G. , Thommes Edward W. , Cramer Estee Y. , Gerding Aaron , Stark Ariane , Ray Evan L. , Reich Nicholas G. , Shandross Li , Wattanachit Nutcha , Wang Yijin , Zorn Martha W. , Aawar Majd Al , Srivastava Ajitesh , Meyers Lauren A. , Adiga Aniruddha , Hurt Benjamin , Kaur Gursharn , Lewis Bryan L. , Marathe Madhav , Venkatramanan Srinivasan , Butler Patrick , Farabow Andrew , Ramakrishnan Naren , Muralidhar Nikhil , Reed Carrie , Biggerstaff Matthew , Borchering Rebecca K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate forecasts can enable more effective public health responses during seasonal influenza epidemics. For the 2021–22 and 2022–23 influenza seasons, 26 forecasting teams provided national and jurisdiction-specific probabilistic predictions of weekly confirmed influenza hospital admissions for one-to-four weeks ahead. Forecast skill is evaluated using the Weighted Interval Score (WIS), relative WIS, and coverage. Six out of 23 models outperform the baseline model across forecast weeks and locations in 2021–22 and 12 out of 18 models in 2022–23. Averaging across all forecast targets, the FluSight ensemble is the 2nd most accurate model measured by WIS in 2021–22 and the 5th most accurate in the 2022–23 season. Forecast skill and 95% coverage for the FluSight ensemble and most component models degrade over longer forecast horizons. In this work we demonstrate that while the FluSight ensemble was a robust predictor, even ensembles face challenges during periods of rapid change.
Dual activities of an X-family DNA polymerase regulate CRISPR-induced insertional mutagenesis across species
Authors: Weiss Trevor , Kumar Jitesh , Chen Chuan , Guo Shengsong , Schlegel Oliver , Lutterman John , Ling Kun , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe canonical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ) repair pathway, generally viewed as stochastic, has recently been shown to produce predictable outcomes in CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis. This predictability, mainly in 1-bp insertions and small deletions, has led to the development of in-silico prediction programs for various animal species. However, the predictability of CRISPR-induced mutation profiles across species remained elusive. Comparing CRISPR-Cas9 repair outcomes between human and plant species reveals significant differences in 1-bp insertion profiles. The high predictability observed in human cells links to the template-dependent activity of human Polλ. Yet plant Polλ exhibits dual activities, generating 1-bp insertions through both templated and non-templated manners. Polλ knockout in plants leads to deletion-only mutations, while its overexpression enhances 1-bp insertion rates. Two conserved motifs are identified to modulate plant Polλ‘s dual activities. These findings unveil the mechanism behind species-specific CRISPR-Cas9-induced insertion profiles and offer strategies for predictable, precise genome editing through c-NHEJ.
Intrinsically stretchable OLEDs with a designed morphology-sustainable layer and stretchable metal cathode
Authors: Oh Je-Heon , Jeon Kun-Hoo , Park Jin-Woo 
Published: July 2024

AbsractThe development of wearable devices has increased the need for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that are soft, stretchable, and can integrate seamlessly with the human body. Traditional intrinsically stretchable OLEDs (is-OLED) often suffer from reduced performance due to orthogonal solvent problem and lamination fabrication process, which can cause defects and delamination. To overcome these challenges, we developed a sequentially coated is-OLED and confirmed the maintenance of the designed morphologies of each layer and a highly stretchable metallic is-cathode. Our is-OLEDs achieved a maximum total luminance of 3151 cd m–2 and a total current efficiency of 5.4 cd A–1. It also demonstrated superior durability, with the ability to stretch up to 70% and maintain 80% luminance after 300 cycles at 40% strain. This advancement suggests a promising future for durable and efficient soft electronic devices.
Non-equilibrium transport in polymer mixed ionic–electronic conductors at ultrahigh charge densities
Authors: Tjhe Dionisius H. L. , Ren Xinglong , Jacobs Ian E. , D’Avino Gabriele , Mustafa Tarig B. E. , Marsh Thomas G. , Zhang Lu , Fu Yao , Mansour Ahmed E. , Opitz Andreas , Huang Yuxuan , Zhu Wenjin , Unal Ahmet Hamdi , Hoek Sebastiaan , Lemaur Vincent , Quarti Claudio , He Qiao , Lee Jin-Kyun , McCulloch Iain , Heeney Martin , Koch Norbert , Grey Clare P. , Beljonne David , Fratini Simone , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConducting polymers are mixed ionic–electronic conductors that are emerging candidates for neuromorphic computing, bioelectronics and thermoelectrics. However, fundamental aspects of their many-body correlated electron–ion transport physics remain poorly understood. Here we show that in p-type organic electrochemical transistors it is possible to remove all of the electrons from the valence band and even access deeper bands without degradation. By adding a second, field-effect gate electrode, additional electrons or holes can be injected at set doping states. Under conditions where the counterions are unable to equilibrate in response to field-induced changes in the electronic carrier density, we observe surprising, non-equilibrium transport signatures that provide unique insights into the interaction-driven formation of a frozen, soft Coulomb gap in the density of states. Our work identifies new strategies for substantially enhancing the transport properties of conducting polymers by exploiting non-equilibrium states in the coupled system of electronic charges and counterions.
Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response transcriptional targets of XBP-1s mediate rescue from tauopathy
Authors: Waldherr Sarah M. , Han Marina , Saxton Aleen D. , Vadset Taylor A. , McMillan Pamela J. , Wheeler Jeanna M. , Liachko Nicole F. , Kraemer Brian C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPathological tau disrupts protein homeostasis (proteostasis) within neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders. We previously showed constitutive activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) transcription factor XBP-1s rescues tauopathy-related proteostatic disruption in a tau transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model of human tauopathy. XBP-1s promotes clearance of pathological tau, and loss of function of the ATF-6 branch of the UPRER prevents XBP-1s rescue of tauopathy in C. elegans. We conducted transcriptomic analysis of tau transgenic and xbp-1s transgenic C. elegans and found 116 putative target genes significantly upregulated by constitutively active XBP-1s. Among these were five candidate XBP-1s target genes with human orthologs and a previously known association with ATF6 (csp-1, dnj-28, hsp-4, ckb-2, and lipl-3). We examined the functional involvement of these targets in XBP-1s-mediated tauopathy suppression and found loss of function in any one of these genes completely disrupts XBP-1s suppression of tauopathy. Further, we demonstrate upregulation of HSP-4, C. elegans BiP, partially rescues tauopathy independent of other changes in the transcriptional network. Understanding how the UPRER modulates pathological tau accumulation will inform neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and direct further study in mammalian systems with the long-term goal of identifying therapeutic targets in human tauopathies.
Anchor objects drive realism while diagnostic objects drive categorization in GAN generated scenes
Authors: Kallmayer Aylin , Võ Melissa L.-H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur visual surroundings are highly complex. Despite this, we understand and navigate them effortlessly. This requires transforming incoming sensory information into representations that not only span low- to high-level visual features (e.g., edges, object parts, objects), but likely also reflect co-occurrence statistics of objects in real-world scenes. Here, so-called anchor objects are defined as being highly predictive of the location and identity of frequently co-occuring (usually smaller) objects, derived from object clustering statistics in real-world scenes, while so-called diagnostic objects are predictive of the larger semantic context (i.e., scene category). Across two studies (N1 = 50, N2 = 44), we investigate which of these properties underlie scene understanding across two dimensions – realism and categorisation – using scenes generated from Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) which naturally vary along these dimensions. We show that anchor objects and mainly high-level features extracted from a range of pre-trained deep neural networks (DNNs) drove realism both at first glance and after initial processing. Categorisation performance was mainly determined by diagnostic objects, regardless of realism, at first glance and after initial processing. Our results are testament to the visual system’s ability to pick up on reliable, category specific sources of information that are flexible towards disturbances across the visual feature-hierarchy.
Usutu virus and West Nile virus use a transcellular route of neuroinvasion across an in vitro model of the human blood–brain barrier
Authors: Marshall Eleanor M. , Koopmans Marion , Rockx Barry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) leads to thousands of cases of severe neurological disease in humans each year. Usutu virus (USUV) is closely related to WNV, but rarely induces disease in humans. We hypothesised that USUV is less able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and, consequently, is less likely to infect the brain. Therefore, we developed an in vitro BBB model consisting of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. Both USUV and WNV invaded across the in vitro BBB via a transcellular mechanism in the absence of barrier disruption. USUV replicated to lower titres than WNV but induced a comparable cytokine and chemokine response, with modulation of key factors associated with barrier function and immune-cell migration. In conclusion, USUV appears attenuated in its ability to replicate at this interface compared with WNV, but further work must be done to identify key determinants underlying the differing clinical presentations.
Aspects of the lifestyle of multipartite viruses apply to monopartite segmented and perhaps nonsegmented viruses
Authors: Michalakis Yannis , Blanc Stéphane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent research on faba bean necrotic stunt virus, aiming to understand how multipartite viruses function and potentially their existence, revealed three surprising features: a non-uniform segment frequency distribution (genome formula), a multicellular functioning, and the non-concomitant transmission of genomic segments. We review the occurrence of these features in other multipartite viruses and discuss their potential operation in monopartite viruses with segmented genomes and perhaps even in viruses with nonsegmented genomes.
Non-canonical NF-κB signaling limits the tolerogenic β-catenin-Raldh2 axis in gut dendritic cells to exacerbate intestinal pathologies
Authors: Deka Alvina , Kumar Naveen , Basu Swapnava , Chawla Meenakshi , Bhattacharya Namrata , Ali Sk Asif , Bhawna  , Madan Upasna , Kumar Shakti , Das Bhabatosh , Sengupta Debarka , Awasthi Amit , Basak Soumen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDendritic cell (DC) dysfunction is known to exacerbate intestinal pathologies, but the mechanisms compromising DC-mediated immune regulation in this context remain unclear. Here, we show that intestinal dendritic cells from a mouse model of experimental colitis exhibit significant levels of noncanonical NF-κB signaling, which activates the RelB:p52 heterodimer. Genetic inactivation of this pathway in DCs alleviates intestinal pathologies in mice suffering from colitis. Deficiency of RelB:p52 diminishes transcription of Axin1, a critical component of the β-catenin destruction complex, reinforcing β-catenin-dependent expression of Raldh2, which imparts tolerogenic DC attributes by promoting retinoic acid synthesis. DC-specific impairment of noncanonical NF-κB signaling leads to increased colonic numbers of Tregs and IgA+ B cells, which promote luminal IgA production and foster eubiosis. Experimentally introduced β-catenin haploinsufficiency in DCs with deficient noncanonical NF-κB signaling moderates Raldh2 activity, reinstating colitogenic sensitivity in mice. Finally, inflammatory bowel-disease patients also display a deleterious noncanonical NF-κB signaling signature in intestinal DCs. In sum, we establish how noncanonical NF-κB signaling in dendritic cells can subvert retinoic acid synthesis to fuel intestinal inflammation.
Auditory Processing of Speech and Nonspeech in People Who Stutter
Authors: Phillips Matthew C. , Myers Emily B. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
We investigated speech and nonspeech auditory processing of temporal and spectral cues in people who do and do not stutter. We also asked whether self-reported stuttering severity was predicted by performance on the auditory processing measures.

Method:

People who stutter (
n
= 23) and people who do not stutter (
n
= 28) completed a series of four auditory processing tasks online. These tasks consisted of speech and nonspeech stimuli differing in spectral or temporal cues. We then used independent-samples
t
-tests to assess differences in phonetic categorization slopes between groups and linear mixed-effects models to test differences in nonspeech auditory processing between stuttering and nonstuttering groups, and stuttering severity as a function of performance on all auditory processing tasks.

Results:
We found statistically significant differences between people who do and do not stutter in phonetic categorization of a continuum differing in a temporal cue and in discrimination of nonspeech stimuli differing in a spectral cue. A significant proportion of variance in self-reported stuttering severity was predicted by performance on the auditory processing measures.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these results suggest that people who stutter process both speech and nonspeech auditory information differently than people who do not stutter and may point to subtle differences in auditory processing that could contribute to stuttering. We also note that these patterns could be the consequence of listening to one's own speech, rather than the cause of production differences.
Increased white blood cell count is associated with an increased demand for unfractionated heparin during veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation in lung transplantation
Authors: Kashiwa Koichi , Kurosawa Hideo , Fujishiro Kazuki , Kubo Hitoshi , Inokuchi Ryota , Bougaki Masahiko , Kawamura Gaku , Sato Masaaki , Konoeda Chihiro , Nakajima Jun , Doi Kent 
Published: July 2024

Background: This retrospective observational study aimed to examine whether clinical inflammatory parameters were associated with the requirement dosage of unfractionated heparin (UFH) to maintain the range of ACT in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) during lung transplantation surgery. Methods: Among all patients who underwent lung transplantation using V-A ECMO from January 2021 to May 2022, 27 patients were included. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether the infusion rate of UFH was increased from the initial infusion rate (7–8 units/kg/h) (increased group, n = 10) or the infusion rate was maintained or decreased (non-increased group, n = 17). The infusion rate was adjusted with an activated clotting time (ACT) target of 160–200 s. Results: At 1–2 h after starting ECMO, ACT was significantly lower (179.0 (166.5–188.5) versus 224.0 (193.0–242.0) sec, p = 0.006) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were higher in the increased group (12.6 ± 3.3 versus 9.5 ± 4.0 × 103/μL, p = 0.046). The UFH infusion rates were higher in the increased group during the surgery. The cutoff value of WBC count at 1–2 h after starting ECMO for discriminating the need for increasing the UFH dosage was determined as 10.2 × 103/μL (sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 58.8%, area under the curve 0.712) and discrimination of this cut-off value was confirmed as statistically significant (p = 0.018). Conclusion: These data suggested that WBC count was associated with the requirement of an increase in the UFH infusion rate of V-A ECMO during lung transplantation surgery. Further evaluation is necessary to clarify the role of WBC count in determining the optimal UFH dosage.
Revisiting single-crystal silicon oxidation: A comprehensive analysis of crystal structural transformation to SiO2
Authors: Kamiyama Eiji , Sueoka Koji 
Published: July 2024

In this study, we revisit the oxidation reactions of a single-crystal silicon wafer and compare the reported crystal structures of the formed oxides with the original diamond structure of single-crystal silicon. It is commonly assumed that interstitial silicon atoms are always emitted during oxidation at the reactive interface between silicon and the formed oxide due to volume differences. However, it is important to acknowledge that this phenomenon may not always be observed. Thermal equilibrium studies have revealed that a certain percentage of silicon atoms in the diamond structure remains even after surface oxidation [Kamiyama and Sueoka, J. Appl. Phys. 134, 115301 (2023)]. These retained silicon atoms undergo a transformation into a different crystal structure, presenting as β-cristobalite (space group: P41212) rather than the anticipated non-ideal cristobalite (space group: Fd-3m). Our ab initio calculations indicated that the latter remains stable next to a quartz-based structure, exhibiting optimal compatibility with the Si (001) surface. This quartz-based structure is formed through the emission of a Si atom during the oxidation of single-crystal silicon, finally forming a quartz/Si (001) interface. Therefore, we propose a coexisting model involving an alternative β-cristobalite and a quartz crystal structure originating from the surface oxidation of single-crystal silicon. This model offers an explanation for why thermally oxidized films derived from single-crystal silicon exhibit an amorphous nature. In addition, studies have revealed that the oxide precipitates observed in Si crystals are cristobalite and coesite. Hence, the qualitative differences in SiO2/Si interfaces between surface and internal oxidations in metal-gettering effectivity shown in experimental literature require clarification. We also discuss the conditions that prevent the emission of Si atoms.