bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of CXCL1 overexpression on growth and invasion of prostate cancer cell
Authors: Benelli Roberto , Stigliani Sara , Minghelli Simona , Carlone Sebastiano , Ferrari Nicoletta 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of CXCL1 in prostate cancer (PCa) progression has been poorly investigated. A limitation of previous studies is linked to the use of human PCa cell lines PC3 and DU145, producing CXCL8 at levels strongly exceeding CXCL1 levels. Moreover, in mouse models the sharing of CXCR2 receptor by both ligands makes the phenotype induced by CXCL8 and CXCL1 almost indistinguishable. To overcome this problem we used the murine TRAMP‐C2 cell line, not expressing CXCL8 and expressing CXCL1 at low levels.METHODSThe effect of CXCL1 overexpression was examined by in vivo subcutaneous tumor studies and in vitro functional assays of invasion and adhesion. Biochemical modifications were evaluated by Western blotting and antibody arrays.RESULTSOur data show that the overexpression of CXCL1 in TRAMP‐C2 cells represses tumor establishment and in situ invasion. In vitro, the main action of CXCL1 expression in TRAMP cells is associated with the perturbation of molecules linked to cell adhesion and migration thus explaining in vivo data. Other in vitro findings also suggest that signaling by CXCL1 might activate a secretory network limiting in vivo tumor growth by reinforcing senescence. Immunohistochemical staining of human PCa, BPH, and normal prostate biopsies strengthen our observations on the mouse model: when expressed, CXCL1 is limited to small areas with faint staining and PCa progression does not rely on CXCL1 expression.CONCLUSION:We could speculate that CXCL1 overexpression acts as a suppressor of malignancy limiting the escape of tumor cells from the primary tumor and reinforcing growth arrest. Prostate 73: 941–951, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel canine model for prostate cancer
Authors: Keller Jill M. , Schade George R. , Ives Kimberly , Cheng Xu , Rosol Thomas J. , Piert Morand , Siddiqui Javed , Roberts William W. , Keller Evan T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDNo existing animal model fully recapitulates all features of human prostate cancer. The dog is the only large mammal, besides humans, that commonly develops spontaneous prostate cancer. Canine prostate cancer features many similarities with its human counterpart. We sought to develop a canine model of prostate cancer that would more fully represent the features of human prostate cancer than existing models.METHODSThe Ace‐1 canine prostate cancer cell line was injected transabdominally under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance into the prostates of immunosuppressed, intact, adult male dogs. Tumor progression was monitored by TRUS imaging. Some dogs were subjected to positron emission tomography (PET) for tumor detection. Time of euthanasia was determined based on tumor size, impingement on urethra, and general well‐being. Euthanasia was followed by necropsy and histopathology.RESULTSAce‐1 tumor cells grew robustly in every dog injected. Tumors grew in subcapsular and parenchymal regions of the prostate. Tumor tissue could be identified using PET. Histological findings were similar to those observed in human prostate cancer. Metastases to lungs and lymph nodes were detected, predominantly in dogs with intraprostatic tumors.CONCLUSIONSWe have established a minimally invasive dog model of prostate cancer. This model may be valuable for studying prostate cancer progression and distant metastasis. Prostate 73: 952–959, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consumption of deep‐fried foods and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Stott‐Miller Marni , Neuhouser Marian L. , Stanford Janet L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDEvidence suggests that high‐heat cooking methods may increase the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). The addition of oil/fat, as in deep‐frying, may be of particular concern, and has not specifically been investigated in relation to PCa. Potential mechanisms include the formation of potentially carcinogenic agents such as aldehydes, acrolein, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and acrylamide.METHODSWe estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between tertiles of intake of deep‐fried foods from a food frequency questionnaire (French fries, fried chicken, fried fish, doughnuts and snack chips) and PCa risk, adjusted for potential confounders, among 1,549 cases and 1,492 controls. We additionally examined associations with more aggressive PCa (defined as regional/distant stage, elevated Gleason score or prostate‐specific antigen level).RESULTSCompared with <1/week, there was a positive association with PCa risk for intake ≥1/week of French fries (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.11–1.69), fried chicken (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04–1.62), fried fish (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.66), and doughnuts (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11–1.66). There was no association for snack chips (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.89–1.32). Most of the estimates were slightly stronger for more aggressive disease (OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.04–1.92 for fried fish).CONCLUSIONRegular consumption of select deep‐fried foods is associated with increased PCa risk. Whether this risk is specific to deep‐fried foods, or whether it represents risk associated with regular intake of foods exposed to high heat and/or other aspects of the Western lifestyle, such as fast food consumption, remains to be determined. Prostate 73: 960–969, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Departures from convective equilibrium with a rapidly varying surface forcing
Authors: Davies L. , Plant R. S. , Derbyshire S. H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConvective equilibrium is a long‐standing and useful concept for understanding many aspects of the behaviour of deep moist convection. For example, it is often invoked in developing parametrizations for large‐scale models. However, the equilibrium assumption may begin to break down as models are increasingly used with shorter time steps and finer resolutions. Here we perform idealized cloud‐system resolving model simulations of deep convection with imposed time variations in the surface forcing. A range of rapid forcing time‐scales from 1 to 36 h are used, in order to induce systematic departures from equilibrium. For the longer forcing time‐scales, the equilibrium assumption remains valid, in at least the limited sense that cycle‐integrated measures of convective activity are very similar from cycle to cycle. For shorter forcing time‐scales, cycle‐integrated convection becomes more variable, with enhanced activity on one cycle being correlated with reduced activity on the next, suggesting a role for convective memory. Further investigation shows that the memory does not appear to be carried by the domain‐mean thermodynamic fields but rather by structures on horizontal scales of 5–20 km. Such structures are produced by the convective clouds and can persist beyond the lifetime of the cloud, even through to the next forcing cycle.
A real‐time automated convective and stratiform precipitation segregation algorithm in native radar coordinates
Authors: Qi Youcun , Zhang Jian , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new convective/stratiform (C/S) precipitation segregation algorithm was developed for applications with single radar volume scan data and in its native (spherical) coordinates. The new algorithm consists of two parts: the first is to find convective rainfall cores based on physical characteristics of different rainfall types, and the second is to delineate the full convective area through seeded region growing. The new scheme takes into account radar sampling characteristics and a variety of precipitation scenarios where the C/S delineation was relatively challenging. The new C/S delineation scheme has two impacts on radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE): (i) correctly separate convective and stratiform regions such that appropriate Ze–R relationships can be applied; (ii) correctly define the stratiform area such that a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction can be applied. The VPR correction is very important to reduce overestimation errors in radar QPEs associated with bright band. The new algorithm was tested on many events and showed improved performance over previous schemes, especially when handling strong bright band and melting graupels in stratiform precipitation. The new scheme was also tested in radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and it consistently reduced the root mean square error and mean absolute bias in the radar QPE when compared with gauges.
Carotid arterial intima–media thickness and arterial stiffness in pre‐eclampsia: analysis with a radiofrequency ultrasound technique
Authors: Yuan L.‐J. , Xue D. , Duan Y.‐Y. , Cao T.‐S. , Yang H.‐G. , Zhou N. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhether arterial elasticity is reduced in pre‐eclampsia has been investigated only rarely. This study aimed to characterize in vivo the carotid arterial intima–media thickness (IMT) and mechanical properties in women with pre‐eclampsia by employing a radiofrequency ultrasound technique.MethodsWe included 22 late‐onset pre‐eclamptic pregnant women and 28 normotensive pregnant women who were matched for age (29 ± 6 vs 27 ± 3, P = 0.09) and gestational age (36.0 ± 3.2 vs 35.8 ± 2.4 weeks, P = 0.802). All women were nulliparous with singleton pregnancy. The pre‐eclamptic women had a significantly higher arterial pressure than did the normotensive women (P < 0.0001). All women underwent right common carotid arterial measurements with an ultrasound machine equipped with automatic Quality IMT (QIMT) and Quality Arterial Stiffness (QAS) capability. At follow‐up examination 18 months after parturition, measurements were repeated in 10 of the pre‐eclamptic women and 11 of the normotensive women.ResultsIn pre‐eclamptic compared with normotensive pregnancy, carotid arterial IMT (459 ± 95 vs 351 ± 85 µm, P = 0.0001), internal diameter (7.8 ± 0.5 vs 7.2 ± 0.4 mm, P < 0.0001), pulse wave velocity (7.1 ± 1.7 vs 6.0 ± 1.5 m/s, P = 0.007), augmentation index (7.9 ± 9.2 vs −5.0 ± 5.6%, P < 0.0001) and arterial wall tension (55.0 ± 6.5vs 38.6 ± 4.9 mmHg/cm, P < 0.0001) were significantly greater, and the distensibility coefficient (0.020 ± 0.009 vs 0.029 ± 0.011 1/kPa, P = 0.006) was significantly smaller, remaining so after adjusting for body mass index and carotid arterial pressure. Eighteen months after parturition, carotid arterial internal diameter, pressure and wall tension remained greater in the pre‐eclamptic group.ConclusionCarotid arterial remodeling, including changes in arterial internal diameter and wall thickness, and arterial stiffening occur in pre‐eclampsia but this may reverse, to some extent, postpartum. QIMT and QAS techniques together could provide a comprehensive assessment of carotid arterial remodeling. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Bridge over troubled waters: understanding the synthetic and biological identities of engineered nanomaterials
Authors: Fadeel Bengt , Feliu Neus , Vogt Carmen , Abdelmonem Abuelmagd M. , Parak Wolfgang J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials offer exciting opportunities for ‘smart’ drug delivery and in vivo imaging of disease processes, as well as in regenerative medicine. The ability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale enables many new properties that are both desirable and exploitable, but the same properties could also give rise to unexpected toxicities that may adversely affect human health. Understanding the physicochemical properties that drive toxicological outcomes is a formidable challenge as it is not trivial to separate and, hence, to pinpoint individual material characteristics of nanomaterials. In addition, nanomaterials that interact with biological systems are likely to acquire a surface corona of biomolecules that may dictate their biological behavior. Indeed, we propose that it is the combination of material‐intrinsic properties (the ‘synthetic identity’) and context‐dependent properties determined, in part, by the bio‐corona of a given biological compartment (the ‘biological identity’) that will determine the interactions of engineered nanomaterials with cells and tissues and subsequent outcomes. The delineation of these entwined ‘identities’ of engineered nanomaterials constitutes the bridge between nanotoxicological research and nanomedicine. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:111–129. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1206This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Clinical developments of chemotherapeutic nanomedicines: polymers and liposomes for delivery of camptothecins and platinum (II) drugs
Authors: Kieler‐Ferguson Heidi M. , Fréchet Jean M. J. , Szoka Jr Francis C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor the past 40 years, liposomal and polymeric delivery vehicles have been studied as systems capable of modulating the cytotoxicity of small molecule chemotherapeutics, increasing tumor bearing animal survival times, and improving drug targeting. Although a number of macromolecular‐drug conjugates have progressed to clinical trials, tuning drug release to maintain efficacy in conjunction with controlling drug toxicity has prevented the clinical adoption of many vehicles. In this article, we review the motivations for and approaches to polymer and liposomal delivery with regard to camptothecin and cisplatin delivery. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:130–138. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1209This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Recent advances in prostate development and links to prostatic diseases
Authors: Powers Ginny L. , Marker Paul C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe prostate is a branched ductal‐acinar gland that is part of the male reproductive tract. Prostate development depends upon the integration of steroid hormone signals, paracrine interactions between the stromal and epithelial tissue layers, and the actions of cell autonomous factors. Several genes and signaling pathways are known to be required for one or more steps of prostate development including epithelial budding, duct elongation, branching morphogenesis, and/or cellular differentiation. Recent progress in the field of prostate development has included the application of genome‐wide technologies including serial analysis of gene expression, expression profiling microarrays, and other large‐scale approaches to identify new genes and pathways that are essential for prostate development. The aggregation of experimental results into online databases by organized multilab projects including the Genitourinary Developmental Molecular Atlas Project has also accelerated the understanding of molecular pathways that function during prostate development and identified links between prostate anatomy and molecular signaling. Rapid progress has also recently been made in understanding the nature and role of candidate stem cells in the developing and adult prostate. This has included the identification of putative prostate stem cell markers, lineage tracing, and organ reconstitution studies. However, several issues regarding their origin, precise nature, and possible role(s) in disease remain unresolved. Nevertheless, several links between prostatic developmental mechanisms and the pathogenesis of prostatic diseases including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer have led to recent progress on targeting developmental pathways as therapeutic strategies for these diseases. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:243–256. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1208This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER): Study design and progress
Authors: Kivipelto Miia , Solomon Alina , Ahtiluoto Satu , Ngandu Tiia , Lehtisalo Jenni , Antikainen Riitta , Bäckman Lars , Hänninen Tuomo , Jula Antti , Laatikainen Tiina , Lindström Jaana , Mangialasche Francesca , Nissinen Aulikki , Paajanen Teemu , Pajala Satu , Peltonen Markku , Rauramaa Rainer , Stigsdotter‐Neely Anna , Strandberg Timo , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Soininen Hilkka 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundFinnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) is a multi‐center, randomized, controlled trial ongoing in Finland.MaterialsParticipants (1200 individuals at risk of cognitive decline) are recruited from previous population‐based non‐intervention studies. Inclusion criteria are CAIDE Dementia Risk Score ≥6 and cognitive performance at the mean level or slightly lower than expected for age (but not substantial impairment) assessed with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery. The 2‐year multidomain intervention consists of: nutritional guidance; exercise; cognitive training and social activity; and management of metabolic and vascular risk factors. Persons in the control group receive regular health advice. The primary outcome is cognitive performance as measured by the modified Neuropsychological Test Battery, Stroop test, and Trail Making Test. Main secondary outcomes are: dementia (after extended follow‐up); disability; depressive symptoms; vascular risk factors and outcomes; quality of life; utilization of health resources; and neuroimaging measures.ResultsScreening began in September 2009 and was completed in December 2011. All 1200 persons are enrolled and the intervention is ongoing as planned. Baseline clinical characteristics indicate that several vascular risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle–related factors are present, creating a window of opportunity for prevention. The intervention will be completed during 2014.ConclusionsThe FINGER is at the forefront of international collaborative efforts to solve the clinical and public health problems of early identification of individuals at increased risk of late‐life cognitive impairment, and of developing intervention strategies to prevent or delay the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Relating badly to brands
Authors: Fournier Susan , Alvarez Claudio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOur commentary focuses on the negative pole of Park et al.'s Attachment–Aversion continuum. We argue that the distinction between positively‐ and negatively‐valenced relationships matters, and open opportunities to further our knowledge about what makes a brand relationship “bad.” Two theoretical extensions are offered: (1) additional negativity dimensions beyond brand–self distance including pathology, power, and self‐ versus brand‐focused emotionality; and (2) distinctions between neutrality and variations of emotional ambivalence “in the middle” of the Attachment–Aversion spectrum. Our call is for a science of negative relationships concerning the negative outcomes, processes, states, and attributes of consumers' relationships with brands.
Pitfalls of Psychogenic Non-epileptic Status Epilepticus
Authors: Karatas Hulya , Tezer F. Irsel , Dericioglu Nese , Saygi Serap 
Published: January 2013

Objectives and Background: In patients with medically refractory seizures 20–30% do not have epilepsy, and the majority are diagnosed with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Almost one-third of this group has a prolonged episode that is termed as PNES status epilepticus (PNES-SE). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with (1) PNES-SE only and (2) PNES-SE with concurrent epileptic seizures.Methods: We screened retrospectively all patients who underwent video-electroencephalogram (video-EEG) long-term monitoring at our institution between 1996 and 2009. Patients with PNES were identified by typical clinical features with no ictal EEG changes. Patients with continuous episodes for at least 30 min that led to intubation were identified as PNES-SE. They were divided into two groups: group 1, pure PNES-SE and group 2, PNES-SE with concurrent epilepsy. Group characteristics were defined with respect to demographic, clinical, electroencephalographic, neuroimaging and psychiatric variables.Results: PNES were recorded in 88/916 patients (10%) of whom 6 (7%) were treated intensively due to misdiagnosis of status epilepticus (SE), with two having coexistent epileptic seizures. All patients had concurrent psychiatric disorder(s), diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Duration of time until correct diagnosis was lengthy in all cases, and particularly for patients with PNES-SE with coexisting epileptic seizures (more than 10 years).Conclusion: To avoid iatrogenic complications and to treat the underlying psychiatric conditions, early diagnosis of PNES is necessary. Understanding the clinical characteristics of PNES-SE leads to early diagnoses, which may avoid iatrogenesis and economic burden.
A study of a pilot-scale biogas bio-filter system for utilization on pig farms
Authors: SU J.-J. , CHEN Y.-J. , CHANG Y.-C. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYCombustion of biogas containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S) yields highly corrosive sulphur oxides, thereby limiting the use of biogas for heat and power generation. The current study developed and tested a pilot-scale biogas bio-filter system (BBS) to replace conventional water scrubbing systems at a commercial pig farm in Miaoli County, Taiwan. A 62·8-litre pilot-scale BBS, packed with dried aerial roots from the common tree fern (Sphaeropteris lepifera) and a mixture of dried aerial roots and plastic rings as bio-carriers and inoculated with sulphur oxidizing bacteria, was installed at a commercial pig farm. H2S concentration was 5600 mg/m3 and the biogas flow rate was 4 litres/min. The pilot-scale BBS could remove 26·9 g H2S/m3/h using a bio-filter that operated at a 7% (v/v) O2 level continuously for >200 days. It was found that most H2S was oxidized to elemental sulphur (S0) and accumulated on the surface of the dried aerial roots (0·084 g S0/g aerial root) in the BBS. The dried aerial roots and plastic Raschig ring mixture was more efficent at sulphur dioxide removal than the dried aerial roots on their own. The pH and sulphate (SO42−) concentrations of water dropping from the BBS were 1·6 ± 1·0 and 28 680 ± 8253 mg/l, respectively. However, sulphur is the dominant product of sulphur oxidizers at the 7% O2 level. Periodical flushing of the bio-filter with the effluent from the wastewater treatment system on the farm can maintain high efficiency of H2S removal.
X.—The Medusæ of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition
Authors: Browne Edward T. 
Published: January 2013

This is a report upon the Medusæ collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition during the voyage of the Scotia in the years 1902, 1903, and 1904, under the leadership of Dr W. S. Bruce, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity of examining the specimens.The collection is a small one containing twelve species, but five more species would have probably been added if only the specimens had been in a recognisable condition. Some of the specimens are in excellent condition, and these were mostly taken at the surface, but others are very much damaged. Unfortunately, the damaged specimens are just the ones wanted in good condition, as they mostly come from the Antarctic region and from the stations where the nets were sent down to a great depth. The damage is done in the nets, and other collections which have passed through my hands tell the same tale. It is the rubbing together of the sides of the net that tears the medusæ to pieces. All deep-sea nets should be so constructed that the sides of the nets cannot come together, and also provided with a large can at the end.
XXI.—Levicaulis arranensis, gen. et sp. nov., A Lycopsid Axis from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland
Authors: Beck Charles B. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisA Large number of structurally preserved lycopsid axes from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland are described and designated as a new genus and species. A comparison of this genus with other lycopsids is followed by a discussion of the development of the secondary cortex, and several other interesting structural features.