bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat‐Related symptoms in sugarcane harvesters
Authors: Crowe Jennifer , Nilsson Maria , Kjellstrom Tord , Wesseling Catharina 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundExposure to heat stress is a documented risk for Central American sugarcane harvesters. However, little is known about heat‐related illness in this population.MethodsThis study examined the frequency of heat‐related health effects among harvesters (n = 106) exposed to occupational heat stress compared to non‐harvesters (n = 63). Chi‐square test and gamma statistic were used to evaluate differences in self‐reported symptoms and trends over heat exposure categories.ResultsHeat and dehydration symptoms (headache, tachycardia, muscle cramps, fever, nausea, difficulty breathing, dizziness, swelling of hands/feet, and dysuria) were experienced at least once per week significantly more frequently among harvesters. Percentages of workers reporting heat and dehydration symptoms increased in accordance with increasing heat exposure categories.ConclusionsA large percentage of harvesters are experiencing heat illness throughout the harvest demonstrating an urgent need for improved workplace practices, particularly in light of climate change and the epidemic of chronic kidney disease prevalent in this population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:541–548, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Body language: The interplay between positional behavior and gestural signaling in the genusPanand its implications for language evolution
Authors: Smith Lindsey W. , Delgado Roberto A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe gestural repertoires of bonobos and chimpanzees are well documented, but the relationship between gestural signaling and positional behavior (i.e., body postures and locomotion) has yet to be explored. Given that one theory for language evolution attributes the emergence of increased gestural communication to habitual bipedality, this relationship is important to investigate.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we examined the interplay between gestures, body postures, and locomotion in four captive groups of bonobos and chimpanzees usingad libitumand focal video data.ResultsWe recorded 43 distinct manual (involving upper limbs and/or hands) and bodily (involving postures, locomotion, head, lower limbs, or feet) gestures. In both species, actors used manual and bodily gestures significantly more when recipients were attentive to them, suggesting these movements are intentionally communicative. Adults of both species spent less than 1.0% of their observation time in bipedal postures or locomotion, yet 14.0% of all bonobo gestures and 14.7% of all chimpanzee gestures were produced when subjects were engaged in bipedal postures or locomotion. Among both bonobo groups and one chimpanzee group, these were mainly manual gestures produced by infants and juvenile females. Among the other chimpanzee group, however, these were mainly bodily gestures produced by adult males in which bipedal posture and locomotion were incorporated into communicative displays.DiscussionOverall, our findings reveal that bipedality did not prompt an increase in manual gesturing in these study groups. Rather, body postures and locomotion are intimately tied to many gestures and certain modes of locomotion can be used as gestures themselves. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:592–602, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Graphene‐modified poly(lactic acid) for packaging: Material formulation, processing and performance
Authors: Barletta Massimiliano , Puopolo Michela , Tagliaferri Vincenzo , Vesco Silvia 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTManufacturing of plastics by compostable polymers is of crucial relevance to limit the environmental impact and reduce oil consumption. Performance of compostable polymers is often mediocre, although they could be improved by physical and chemical routes. In this work, Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) is modified for improved performance by two different routes: (1) by physically dispersing Graphene Nano‐Platelets (GNP) in the organic matrix; (2) by the physical dispersion and covalent bonding of PLA and Amino‐Functionalized Nano‐Silica (A‐fSiO2). Functionalization of the PLAs after compounding and pelletizing was assessed by combined Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR). In addition, thermal analysis was performed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical response was evaluated on compression molded flat slabs of the modified PLAs by Pencil and progressive and constant load scratch tests. Chemical endurance was evaluated on compression molded flat slabs of the modified PLAs by dipping in aggressive acidic, basic, and saline environments. Finally, the modified PLAs were successfully injection molded to manufacture high performance coffee capsules, whose thermal stability and suitability to coffee brewing were demonstrated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42252.
Knockdown of asparagine synthetase by RNAi suppresses cell growth in human melanoma cells and epidermoid carcinoma cells
Authors: Li Hui , Zhou Fusheng , Du Wenhui , Dou Jinfa , Xu Yu , Gao Wanwan , Chen Gang , Zuo Xianbo , Sun Liangdan , Zhang Xuejun , Yang Sen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMelanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, causes more than 40,000 deaths each year worldwide. And epidermoid carcinoma is another major form of skin cancer, which could be studied together with melanoma in several aspects. Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the glutamine‐ and ATP‐dependent conversion of aspartic acid to asparagine, and its expression is associated with the chemotherapy resistance and prognosis in several human cancers. The present study aims to explore the potential role of ASNS in melanoma cells A375 and human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431. We applied a lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi) system to study its function in cell growth of both cells. The results revealed that inhibition of ASNS expression by RNAi significantly suppressed the growth of melanoma cells and epidermoid carcinoma cells, and induced a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells. Knockdown of ASNS in A375 cells remarkably downregulated the expression levels of CDK4, CDK6, and Cyclin D1, and upregulated the expression of p21. Therefore, our study provides evidence that ASNS may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
Sensitive and selective cataluminescence‐based sensor system for acetone and diethyl ether determination
Authors: Wang Qihui , Li Bo , Wang Yuhuai , Shou Zhouxiang , Shi Guolong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA three‐dimensional hierarchical CdO nanostructure with a novel bio‐inspired morphology is reported. The field emission scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffractometer were employed to characterize the as‐prepared samples. In gas‐sensing measurements, acetone and diethyl ether were employed as target gases to investigate cataluminescence (CTL) sensing properties of the CdO nanostructure. The results show that the as‐fabricated CdO nanostructure exhibited outstanding CTL properties such as stable intensity, high signal/noise values, short response and recovery time. The limit of detection of acetone and diethyl ether was ca. 6.5 ppm and 6.7 ppm, respectively, which was below the standard permitted concentrations. Additionally, a principal components analysis method was used to investigate the recognizable ability of the CTL sensor, and it was found that acetone and diethyl ether can be distinguished clearly. The performance of the bio‐inspired CdO nanostructure‐based sensor system suggested the promising application of the CdO nanostructure as a novel highly efficient CTL sensing material. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent and luminescent ionogels composed of Eu3+‐coordinated ionic liquids and poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Zhou Fan , Wang Tianren , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Yige 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:We report here on transparent and luminescent ionogels that consist of ionic ternary europium (III) complexes and the inexpensive non‐toxic compound, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and that were formed by dissolving these complexes in methacrylate (MMA) monomers followed by in situ polymerization. The resulting ionogels show a bright red emission under near‐UV light irradiation. Luminescence data confirm the energy transfer from terpyridine‐functionalized ionic liquid to Eu3+ ions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical‐scale purification of pluripotent stem cell derivatives for cell‐based therapies
Authors: Rodrigues Gonçalo M. C. , Rodrigues Carlos A. V. , Fernandes Tiago G. , Diogo Maria Margarida , Cabral Joaquim M. S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to revolutionize cell‐replacement therapies because of their ability to self renew and differentiate into nearly every cell type in the body. However, safety concerns have delayed the clinical translation of this technology. One cause for this is the capacity that hPSCs have to generate tumors after transplantation. Because of the challenges associated with achieving complete differentiation into clinically relevant cell types, the development of safe and efficient strategies for purifying committed cells is essential for advancing hPSC‐based therapies. Several purification strategies have now succeeded in generating non‐tumorigenic and homogeneous cell‐populations. These techniques typically enrich for cells by either depleting early committed populations from teratoma‐initiating hPSCs or by positively selecting cells after differentiation. Here we review the working principles behind separation methods that have facilitated the safe and controlled application of hPSC‐derived cells in laboratory settings and pre‐clinical research. We underscore the need for improving and integrating purification strategies within differentiation protocols in order to unlock the therapeutic potential of hPSCs.
The role of micronutrients and strategies for optimized continual glycerol production from carbon dioxide by Dunaliella tertiolecta
Authors: Chow Yvonne , Tu Wang Yung , Wang David , Ng Daphne H.P. , Lee Yuan Kun 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta synthesizes intracellular glycerol as an osmoticum to counteract external osmotic pressure in high saline environments. The species has recently been found to release and accumulate extracellular glycerol, making it a suitable candidate for sustainable industrial glycerol production if a sufficiently high product titre yield can be achieved. While macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are essential and well understood, this study seeks to understand the influence of the micronutrient profile on glycerol production. The effects of metallic elements calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, cobalt, copper, and iron, as well as boron, on glycerol production as well as cell growth were quantified. The relationship between cell density and glycerol productivity was also determined. Statistically, manganese recorded the highest improvement in glycerol production as well as cell growth. Further experiments showed that manganese availability was associated with higher superoxide dismutase formation, thus suggesting that glycerol production is negatively affected by oxidative stress and the manganese bound form of this enzyme is required in order to counteract reactive oxygen species in the cells. A minimum concentration of 8.25 × 10−5 g L−1 manganese was sufficient to overcome this problem and achieve 10 g L−1 extracellular glycerol, compared to 4 g L−1 without the addition of manganese. Unlike cell growth, extracellular glycerol production was found to be negatively affected by the amount of calcium present in the normal growth medium, most likely due to the lower cell permeability at high calcium concentrations. The inhibitory effects of iron also affected extracellular glycerol production more significantly than cell growth and several antagonistic interaction effects between various micronutrients were observed. This study indicates how the optimization of these small amounts of nutrients in a two‐stage system can lead to a large enhancement in D. tertiolecta glycerol production and should be considered during the design of a large scale bioprocess for this alternative route to glycerol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2163–2171. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐culturing Chlorella minutissima with Escherichia coli can increase neutral lipid production and improve biodiesel quality
Authors: Higgins Brendan T. , Labavitch John M. , VanderGheynst Jean S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLipid productivity and fatty acid composition are important metrics for the production of high quality biodiesel from algae. Our previous results showed that co‐culturing the green alga Chlorella minutissima with Escherichia coli under high‐substrate mixotrophic conditions enhanced both culture growth and crude lipid content. To investigate further, we analyzed neutral lipid content and fatty acid content and composition of axenic cultures and co‐cultures produced under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. We found that co‐culturing C. minutissima with E. coli under high substrate conditions (10 g/L) increased neutral lipid content 1.9‐ to 3.1‐fold and fatty acid content 1.5‐ to 2.6‐fold compared to equivalent axenic C. minutissima cultures. These same co‐cultures also exhibited a significant fatty acid shift away from trienoic and toward monoenoic fatty acids thereby improving the quality of the synthesized fatty acids for biodiesel production. Further investigation suggested that E. coli facilitates substrate uptake by the algae and that the resulting growth enhancement induces a nitrogen‐limited condition. Enhanced carbon uptake coupled with nitrogen limitation is the likely cause of the observed neutral lipid accumulation and fatty acid profile changes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1801–1809. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influencing light versus heavy engagers of harmful behavior to curb their habits through positive and negative ad imagery
Authors: Burton Jennifer L. , Hill Donna J. , Bakir Aysen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMass media advertising has increasingly been seen as an important vehicle to influence attitudes and behaviors on issues designed to enhance the well‐being of society overall. However, prior research shows mixed results on the ability of advertising to encourage substantial or long‐term changes in self‐destructive behavior. The current research provides a framework to reconcile previous findings and demonstrates that different psychological processes are occurring when trying to convince light versus heavy engagers to curb their potentially harmful behaviors.Validated across two contexts (texting while driving and excessive gambling), the present study demonstrates that ads containing positive imagery (as opposed to negative imagery) are more effective at influencing heavy engagers to limit their harmful behaviors. Heavy engagers in the harmful behavior seem to resist ads containing negative imagery and do not find them to be more credible or involving. Instead, they are more influenced to curb their harmful behaviors after seeing positive imagery containing characters and situations to which they can relate.On the other hand, light engagers of harmful behavior are more likely to be persuaded to limit their behaviors after exposure to advertising containing negative imagery. The negative imagery evokes perceptions of ad credibility and encourages individuals to think about the advertised problem and consequences. Both credibility and ad involvement are shown to be important mediators of ad effectiveness for light engagers, whereas relatability was not a significant mediator for this group. Implications for the design of effective public service announcements targeted toward these separate groups are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization of Terutroban Sodium Salt Hydrate from the Deliquescent State
Authors: Couvrat Nicolas , Cartigny Yohann , Linol Julie , Vaysse‐Ludot Lucile , Langlois Pascal , Coquerel Gérard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTerutroban sodium salt (Teru‐Na) is a solid active pharmaceutical ingredient initially produced in its anhydrous form. The crystallization of a new dihydrate was established using liquid‐assisted grinding and the liquid‐liquid interface process. The stability of the Teru‐Na crystalline phases was investigated as a function of temperature and relative humidity. A combination of analytical tools (spectroscopic, thermal, and vapor sorption analyses) highlighted the remarkable stability of the dihydrate, in particular under variable storage conditions. A rationalization of the stability hierarchy was proposed by means of phase diagrams.
Generation of Crystalline Microcontainers of Salicylic Acid
Authors: Seidel Julia , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe formation of liquid inclusions is frequently observed to be disrupting in crystallization processes. But such crystals containing liquid inclusions might offer the possibility to be used as container systems by encapsulating other substances inside the inclusions. Experimental parameters to generate such microcontainer systems, i.e., crystals including liquid inclusions, of salicylic acid by means of antisolvent crystallization were investigated. It was shown that concentration, addition rate of the antisolvent, and gas content of the liquids related to the temperature have a distinct influence on the size of the formed inclusions.
Protic‐Salt‐Derived Nitrogen/Sulfur‐Codoped Mesoporous Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Shiguo , Ikoma Ai , Ueno Kazuhide , Chen Zhengjian , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNitrogen/sulfur‐co‐doped mesoporous carbon (Phen‐HS) was obtained through direct carbonization of a single protic salt, that is, 1,10‐phenanthrolinium dibisulfate ([Phen][2 HSO4]), in the presence of a colloidal silica template without the use of additional acid or metal catalysts for prepolymerization prior to carbonization. Phen‐HS was prepared in a relatively high yield (30.0 %) and has a large surface area (1161 m2 g−1), large pore volume (2.490 cm3 g−1), large mesopores (≈12 nm), narrow pore‐size distribution (7–16 nm), and high nitrogen (7.5 at %) and sulfur (1.3 at %) contents. The surface area/pore‐size distribution is much higher/narrower than that of most reported carbon materials obtained from traditional precursors by using the same template. Phen‐HS was directly used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and as an electrode material for supercapacitors. As an efficient metal‐free catalyst, Phen‐HS exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR in a 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution, which is comparable to the activity of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Electrochemical measurements for Phen‐HS used in a double‐layer capacitor showed high specific capacitances of 160 and 140 F g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 and 6 M KOH, respectively, with good rate capabilities and high cycling stabilities.
Organic Dyes Incorporating the Dithieno[3,2‐f:2′,3′‐h]quinoxaline Moiety for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ni Jen‐Shyang , Kao Wei‐Siang , Chou Hao‐Ju , Lin Jiann T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNew donor–acceptor′–acceptor‐type sensitizers (QBT dyes), comprising arylamine as the electron donor, dithieno[3,2‐f:2′,3′‐h]quinoxaline as the internal acceptor, and 2‐cyanoacrylic acid as both the acceptor and anchor, have been synthesized. The QBT dyes have broad absorption spectra covering the range of λ=368–487 nm with a highest molar extinction coefficient of up to approximately 40 000 M−1 cm−1. The light‐to‐electricity conversion efficiencies of the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated from the dyes range from 6.11 to 7.59 % under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination. Upon addition of a threefold concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid as the co‐adsorbent, the best performance cell has a power‐conversion efficiency of 8.41 %, which is higher than that of the N719‐based standard DSSC (8.27 %).
Catalytic Decarbonylation of Biosourced Substrates
Authors: Ternel Jérémy , Lebarbé Thomas , Monflier Eric , Hapiot Frédéric 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLinear α‐olefins (LAO) are one of the main targets in the field of surfactants, lubricants, and polymers. With the depletion of petroleum resources, the production of LAO from renewable feedstocks has gained increasing interest in recent years. In the present study, we demonstrated that Ir catalysts were suitable to decarbonylate a wide range of biosourced substrates under rather mild conditions (160 °C, 5 h reaction time) in the presence of potassium iodide and acetic anhydride. The resulting LAO were obtained with good conversion and selectivity provided that the purity of the substrate, the nature of the ligand, and the amounts of the additives were controlled accurately. The catalytic system could be recovered efficiently by using a Kugelrohr distillation apparatus and recycled.
Understanding Cellulose Dissolution: Energetics of Interactions of Ionic Liquids and Cellobiose Revealed by Solution Microcalorimetry
Authors: de Oliveira Heitor Fernando Nunes , Rinaldi Roberto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this report, the interactions between fifteen selected ionic liquids (ILs) and cellobiose (CB) are examined by high‐precision solution microcalorimetry. The heat of mixing (ΔmixH) of CB and ILs, or CB and IL/molecular solvent (MS) solutions, provides the first ever‐published measure of the affinity of CB with ILs. Most importantly, we found that there is a very good correlation between the nature of the results found for ΔmixH(CB) and the solubility behavior of cellulose. This correlation suggests that ΔmixH(CB) offers a good estimate of the enthalpy of dissolution of cellulose even in solvents in which cellulose is insoluble. Therefore, the current findings open up new horizons for unravelling the intricacies of the thermodynamic factors accounting for the spontaneity of cellulose dissolution in ILs or IL/MS solutions.
Development of Automotive LIDAR
Authors: NICLASS CRISTIANO , INOUE DAISUKE , MATSUBARA HIROYUKI , ICHIKAWA TADASHI , SOGA MINEKI 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYWe are developing light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensing technology based on both CMOS single‐photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and scanning systems and on an optical fiber preamplifier. CMOS SPADs are highly sensitive detectors that can detect single photons and can form dense pixel arrays. LIDAR based on an optical preamplifier has a thumb‐sized small sensor head.
Chronic Co‐Variation of Neural Network Configuration and Activity in Mature Dissociated Cultures
Authors: OKAWA SATORU , MITA TAKESHI , BAKKUM DOUGLAS , FREY URS , HIERLEMANN ANDREAS , KANZAKI RYOHEI , TAKAHASHI HIROKAZU 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYSpatiotemporal neural patterns depend on the physical structure of neural circuits. Neural plasticity can thus be associated with changes in the circuit structure. For example, newborn neurons migrate toward existing, already matured, neural networks in order to participate in neural computation. In the present study, we have conducted two experiments to investigate how neural migration is associated with the development of neural activity in primary dissociated cultures of neuronal cells. In Experiment 1, using a mature culture, a high‐density CMOS microelectrode array was used to continuously monitor neural migration and activity for more than two weeks. Consequently, we found that even in mature neuronal cultures neurons moved 2.0 ± 1.0 μm a day and that the moving distance was negatively correlated with their firing rate, suggesting that neurons featuring low firing rates tend to migrate actively. In Experiment 2 using a co‐culture of mature and immature neurons, we found that immature neurons moved more actively than matured neurons to achieve functional connections to other neurons. These findings suggest that neurons with low firing rates as well as newborn neurons actively migrate in order to establish their connections and function in a neuronal network.