bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plutarch's Dualism and the Delphic Cult
Authors: Chlup Radek 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe article interprets Plutarch's dualism in the light of the Apollo-Dionysus opposition as presented in De E 388e-389c, arguing that Plutarch is no dualist in the strict sense of the word. A comparison of De E 393f-394a with De Iside 369b-d shows that it is only in the sublunary realm of Nature that Plutarch assumes a duality of two distinct Powers; at the higher levels of reality the divine is unified and harmonious. If Plutarch fails to emphasize this point clearly enough, it is because his primary philosophical interests were ethical, not metaphysical.
'SAVED IN THE MAN AND IN THE NATION': THE SACRALIZATION OF THE SOIL IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY IRISH DRAMA
Authors: Richards Shaun 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWriting in the founding years of the Irish state Daniel Corkery observed that the land was a 'huge force in Irish life' and constituted one of the three elements which made up 'the Irish national being'. But while sacralised in the period of the Literary Revival as the 'hidden spring' from which the Irish nation drew its 'vitality', allegiance to the land has also been seen as a limitation. Working through plays from The Land (1905) to After Easter (1994) this article focuses on the dramatisation of responses to the demand to 'stay on the land and you'll be saved body and soul' as Ireland experiences the physical and psychological deracination consequent upon globalisation.
BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENTIATION OF ADJACENT MARINE AND FLUVIAL POPULATIONS OF THREESPINE STICKLEBACK IN CALIFORNIA: A LABORATORY STUDY
Authors: Peeke Harman , Morgan Lance 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from marine, estuarine and upstream fresh water were collected from two coastal watersheds in northern California. Laboratory tests of response to behavioral stimuli associated with aggression, courtship and feeding show interpopulation variation. Behavioral responses of populations from the same habitat type were similar, and individuals from up-stream habitats were generally more responsive to stimuli than individuals from the estuarine environments, which in turn were more responsive than marine fish. Different predators and predation pressures are discussed as one possible factor in the evolution of these behavioral variations.
TO SYNCHRONISE OR NOT TO SYNCHRONISE: A DILEMMA FOR YOUNG BIGHORN MALES?
Authors: Ruckstuhl  
Published: July 2002

AbstractBighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are sexually dimorphic and live in nursery groups, bachelor or mixed groups. To remain in a group, individuals have to synchronise their activity according to the type of group they are in, which may incur a cost for individuals of different body size from the other group members. To test this hypothesis, I calculated the degree of synchrony of activities for each individual within a group. Animals in nursery or bachelor groups were highly synchronised with each other while mixed-age-sex groups had the lowest group synchronisation index. Two and three-year old bighorn males are intermediate in body size between the two adult sexes. Two-year-old males always adjusted their behaviour independent of group type, while three-year-old males synchronised their behaviour when with bachelor, but less so when in nursery groups. I suggest that two- and three-year-old males may face a conflict between synchronising their behaviour to stay in a group and the need to forage according to their own time budgets. I conclude that intermediate-sized young male ungulates of sexually dimorphic species may be better off forming same-sex-age groups.
Food preferences of a fungal-feeding Aphelenchoides species
Authors: Ruess Liliane , Zapata Erick J. Garcia , Dighton John 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The growth of Aphelenchoides sp. populations was investigated in vitro with
17 different fungal species as food source. Nematode mass cultures were
obtained with saprophytic (Agrocybe, Chaetomium) and especially with
mycorrhizal fungi (Cenococcum, Hymenoscyphus, Laccaria). Mitosporic species,
like Alternaria, Monocillium or Penicillium, were generally meagre or
non-hosts. This poor host suitability is likely due to the release of toxic
metabolites (e.g. antibiotics) and/or to morphological differences (e.g.,
forming of conidiophores) by the fungi. Frequent grazing of nematodes on
mycorrhizal mycelia may be of major significance for the establishment and
maintenance of mycorrhizal associations in the field. Food preference of
Aphelenchoides sp. was tested in choice chamber experiments. Nematodes
showed a marked preference for particular fungal species. They changed food
source with time, indicating a “mixed diet” selection, probably a strategy
to avoid the concentration of toxic metabolites. The attractiveness of a
fungus was not necessarily correlated with its suitability as a host. That a
poor fungal host can be a strong nematode attractant and influence their
spatial distribution in the soil has implications for nematode populations
in the field. In Laborexperimenten wurde die Vermehrung des Nematoden
Aphelenchoides sp. mit 17 verschiedenen Pilzspezies als Nahrungsgrundlage
untersucht. Neben saprophytischen Arten (Agrocybe, Chaetomium) eigneten sich
insbesondere Mykorrhizapilze (Cenococcum, Hymenoscyphus, Laccaria) für eine
Massenvermehrung. Eine schlechte Nahrungsquelle stellten mitosporische
Arten, wie Alternaria, Monocillium oder Penicillium, dar. Dies dürfte auf
toxische Stoffwechselprodukte (z.B., Antibiotika) und/oder auf
morphologische Unterschiede (z.B., Sporenbildung) zurückzuführen sein. Die
gute Vermehrung der Nematoden an Mykorrhizapilzen ist von weitreichender
Bedeutung für das Freiland. Negative Auswirkungen auf die Ausbildung und
Funktion von Mykorrhiza im Boden sind zu erwarten. In
Nahrungswahlexperimenten zeigte Aphelenchoides sp. eine ausgeprägte
Präferenz für bestimmte Pilzarten. Das Wechseln zwischen den einzelnen
Pilzspezies weist auf die Bevorzugung von “Mischnahrung” hin. Dies dürfte
eine Strategie zur Vermeidung von hohen Konzentrationen toxischer
Nahrungsbestandteile sein. Präferenz und Nahrungsqualität standen nur in
geringem Zusammenhang. Somit können auch Pilze, die eine schlechte
Nahrungsquelle darstellen, attraktiv auf Nematoden wirken und deren
Verbreitung in Boden und Rhizosphäre beeinflussen.
Quantitative phase analysis of clay minerals by X-ray powder diffraction using artificial neural networks. I. Feasibility study with calculated powder patterns
Authors: Griffen D. T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn artificial neural network with back-propagation architecture has been applied to the problem of the quantitative analysis of simulated clay mixtures from synthetic X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. A ‘clay characterization function’ (CCF) has been devised that combines information from two clay XRD peaks into a single peak that simplifies the problem which the neural network must solve. In addition, it eliminates peaks from non-layered minerals. A neural network with 17 neurons in the hidden layer and log-sigmoid transfer functions in each layer is sufficiently successful at predicting the compositions of binary and ternary mixtures of the three model clays to demonstrate the potential of the method. Moreover, training is accomplished in relatively short times using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.Although the problem ‘solved’ by this neural network is rather simple, the approach has the potential for the much more complex problem of the quantitative phase analysis of mixtures of real clay minerals. In this study, only the CCF peak heights have been used, but the positions and peak widths also contain important information. It may be practical to include as variables not only the concentrations of clay phases, but also compositional information to which XRD is sensitive.
Crystal structure of the high-pressure monoclinic phase-II of cristobalite, SiO2
Authors: Dove M. T. , Craig M. S. , Keen D. A. , Marshall W. G. , Redfern S. A. T. , Trachenko K. O. , Tucker M. G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe crystal structure of the high-pressure phase-II of cristobalite has been solved by neutron diffraction (space group P21/c, a = 8.3780(11) Å, b = 4.6018(6) Å, c = 9.0568(13) Å, β = 124.949(7)°, at P = 3.5 GPa). This phase corresponds to a distortion of the high-temperature cubic β-phase, rather than of the ambient temperature and pressure tetragonal α-phase.
Relationships between the medium-range structure of glasses and crystals
Authors: Gaskell P. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe known structure of a crystalline phase is almost always useful in investigating the unknown structure of the compositionally equivalent glass. For the local environment around elements like Si, B and P, the correspondence between site geometry and symmetry can be impressively close. Beyond near neighbours, any relationship becomes less obvious – at least in real-space data. Progress in understanding the medium-range structures of glasses has been painfully slow as a result. One essential clue is given by reciprocal-space features at low Q (scattering vector) in X-ray or neutron scattering data, which are clearly related to the medium-range structure. Interpretation of these features as ‘quasi-Bragg’ scattering allows direct comparison between the structures of the glass and equivalent crystalline phases. Applications of this method will be illustrated in borates and silicates, together with some chalcogenide glasses. Correspondence between low-Q features for these glasses and compositionally-equivalent crystals is qualitatively good. In some cases there is semi-quantitative agreement too. Thus the essential flavour of the medium-range structure of several typical glasses appears to be interpretable, rather easily.
Okayamalite, Ca2B2SiO7, a new mineral, boron analogue of gehlenite
Authors: Matsubara Satoshi , Miyawaki Ritsuro , Kato Akira , Yokoyama Kazumi , Okamoto Akiyoshi 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOkayamalite, Ca2B2SiO7, tetragonal,P21m,a= 7.116,c= 4.815 Å, Z = 2, is a new member of melilite group, the boron analogue of gehlenite. Electron microprobe analysis gave CaO 46.28, B2O328.50, SiO224.24, Al2O30.36, total 99.38 wt.%, corresponding to Ca2.01B2.00Si0.98Al0.02O7, a natural counterpart of Ca2B2SiO7known only synthetically. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are 3.479 (40)(111), 2.862 (55)(201), 2.654 (100)(211), 2.129 (20)(301), 1.920 (35)(212), 1.644 (29)(312), very close to those of the synthetic material (a= 7.115, andc= 4.812 ). It is creamy white in colour with an earthy appearance due to the fine grain size. Streak white, cleavage not observed. Hardness ∼5½. Density calculated on the ideal formula is 3.30 g/cm3. It is optically uniaxial negative with ω = 1.700, and ɛ = 1.696. It occurs as patches of a few millimetres across in grey homogeneous-looking aggregate of wollastonite, vesuvianite, calcite and johnbaumite from Fuka mine, Bicchu-cho, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The patches consist of very fine grains of the mineral up to 30 μm. Okayamalite is considered to be a product after the reaction formula: CaCO3+ CaSiO3+ B2O3= Ca2B2SiO7+ CO2, arising from boron metasomatism of a wollastonite-calcite aggregate. The name is for the prefecture.
Proteolysis of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor by metalloproteinase-12: implication for angiogenesis in fibrin matrices
Authors: Koolwijk Pieter , Sidenius Nicolai , Peters Erna , Sier Cornelis F. M. , Hanemaaijer Roeland , Blasi Francesco , van Hinsbergh Victor W. M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPericellular proteolysis plays an important role in cell migration and the formation of new capillary structures. The plasminogen activator/plasmin and matrix degrading metalloproteinase (MMP) cascades act together in the remodeling of matrix and cell-matrix contacts. Previously we have shown that the formation of capillary structures by human foreskin microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs) in a 3-dimensional fibrin matrix requires a functional urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR). Here we report on the unexpected finding that inhibition of hMVEC-derived MMP activity by BB94 (batimastat) increased the outgrowth of capillary structures in a fibrin matrix. BB94 prevented the release of the u-PA binding domain D1 of u-PAR and thereby increased the number of functional u-PARs on hMVECs without affecting the u-PAR messenger RNA levels. Comparison of various types of protease inhibitors pointed to the prime involvement of MMP activity. Using recombinant MMPs it was shown that MMP-12 activity was able to release the D1 domain of cellularly expressed u-PAR. In addition, the expression of MMP-12 in control and basic fibroblast growth factor/tumor necrosis factor-α–stimulated hMVECs was shown by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that endothelial cell–derived MMP-12 may be involved in angiogenesis-related u-PAR shedding. This new mechanism of u-PAR cleavage provides new insights into the mutual interactions between the MMP and u-PA/plasmin systems. Moreover, it may be helpful in the interpretation of recent data on the use of specific MMP inhibitors in the treatment of several types of cancer.
Human polymorphism of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 attributable to variable numbers of tandem decameric repeats in the mucinlike region
Authors: Afshar-Kharghan Vahid , Diz-Küçükkaya Reyhan , Ludwig Erwin H. , Marian Ali J. , López José A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPlatelet GP Ibα and leukocyte P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) are membrane mucins with a number of structural and functional similarities. It was investigated whether, like GP Ibα, PSGL-1 is affected by a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism in its mucin-like region. By polymerase chain reaction amplification of the genomic region encoding the PSGL-1 repeats, 3 allelic variants were identified in the human population. The 3 alleles—A, B, and C—from largest to smallest, contained 16, 15, and 14 decameric repeats, respectively, with the B variant lacking repeat 2 and the C variant retaining repeat 2 but lacking repeats 9 and 10. Allele frequencies were highest for the A variant and lowest for the C variant in the 2 populations studied (frequencies of 0.81, 0.17, and 0.02 in white persons and 0.65, 0.35, and 0.00 in Japanese). Thus, PSGL-1 is highly polymorphic and contains a structural polymorphism that potentially indicates functional variation in the human population.
High-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for follicular lymphoma in first complete or partial remission: results of a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Horning Sandra J. , Negrin Robert S. , Hoppe Richard T. , Rosenberg Saul A. , Chao Nelson J. , Long Gwynn D. , Brown B. William , Blume Karl G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Advanced stage follicular small cleaved and mixed cell lymphoma is characterized by relapse from remission and survival ranging from 6 to 12 years. Because young patients have the greatest compromise in longevity, the efficacy and toxicity of high-dose radiochemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation after conventional chemotherapy was evaluated in a prospective phase II clinical trial. Thirty-seven patients in a minimal disease state after conventional chemotherapy received fractionated total body irradiation and high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide, followed by purged autologous bone marrow. A reference sample of 188 patients of similar age, stage, and histology managed at this institution before 1988 was identified for comparison of patient characteristics and outcomes. Compared with reference patients, transplant recipients had a higher tumor burden at diagnosis. With a median follow-up of 6.5 years, the estimated 10-year survival after transplantation was 86%. There was a single lymphoma death yielding a 10-year disease-specific survival of 97%. There were 2 early transplant-related deaths and 2 late acute leukemia deaths. Ten patients relapsed, one with microscopic disease only. High tumor burden at diagnosis and incomplete response to chemotherapy adversely influenced survival in the reference but not in the transplanted patients. The estimated risk of death of 14% and relapse of 30% at 10 years in our transplanted follicular lymphoma patients, the majority of whom had high tumor burdens, compares favorably with our observations in appropriately matched reference patients.
Stromal cells retard the differentiation of CD34+CD38low/neg human primitive progenitors exposed to cytokines independent of their mitotic history
Authors: Bennaceur-Griscelli Annelise , Pondarré Corinne , Schiavon Valérie , Vainchenker William , Coulombel Laure 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Stem cell proliferation induced by potent cytokines usually leads to a loss of primitive potential through differentiation. In this study, the ability of cytokines and murine MS5 stromal cells to independently regulate the proliferation and long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) activity of primitive CD34+CD38low/neg human bone marrow cells was evaluated. To compare populations with identical proliferation histories, cells were labeled with carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, and LTC-IC activity was assessed 4 days later in cells that had accomplished the same number of divisions with or without MS5 cells. MS5 cells counteracted dramatically the loss of LTC-IC activity observed in the presence of cytokines alone. Thus, in the presence of MS5 cells, means of 1233 (n = 5) and 355 (n = 9) LTC-IC–derived colony-forming cells (CFCs) were generated by 1000 cells that performed 3 and 4 divisions respectively, whereas 311 (n = 5) and 64 (n = 5) CFCs were generated by 1000 cells cultured without MS5 cells. Interestingly, MS5 cells had no detectable effect on the LTC-IC activity of cells that divided only twice in 4 days—1606 CFCs (n = 6) and 1993 (n = 6) CFCs, respectively, without and with MS5 cells—and a 48 additional hours of coculture were necessary to unmask changes in the LTC-IC activity mediated by stromal cells. These results indicate that cytokines and stroma-derived signals can regulate independently the proliferation and differentiation of primitive cells and that these stroma-derived extracellular factors act directly on their target cells.
Synthesis, secretion, and subcellular localization of serglycin proteoglycan in human endothelial cells
Authors: Schick Barbara P. , Gradowski Joel F. , Antonio James D. San 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe serglycin proteoglycan is best known as a hematopoietic cell granule proteoglycan. It has been found that serglycin is synthesized by endothelial cells, is localized to cytoplasmic vesicles, and is constitutively secreted. Serglycin messenger RNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cultured human aortic endothelial cells was detected by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.35S-sulfate–labeled secreted and intracellular proteoglycans were analyzed. It was found that 85% of the proteoglycans synthesized during culture were secreted. A core protein of the appropriate size for serglycin was detected by analysis of the chondroitinase-digested 35S-sulfate–labeled HUVEC proteoglycans. This was the major core protein of the secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Recombinant serglycin core protein was used to generate an antibody in chickens. A core protein identified by Western blotting of chondroitinase digests of HUVEC proteoglycans corresponded to the major 35S-sulfate– labeled core protein. Identical results were obtained with 2 hematopoietic cell lines. Cyto-immunofluorescence showed cytoplasmic vesicular and perinuclear labeling in hematopoietic cells and HUVECs. The serglycin-containing vesicles in HUVECs are distinct from the Weibel-Palade bodies, which contain von Willebrand factor. Confocal microscopy showed that tissue plasminogen activator was distributed similarly to serglycin. Serglycin may be important for the function of these vesicles and, once secreted, for the modulation of the activity of their constituents.
Bone marrow transplantation corrects osteopetrosis in the carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome
Authors: McMahon Corrina , Will Andrew , Hu Peiyi , Shah Gul N. , Sly William S. , Smith Owen P. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), found in renal tubules, brain, and osteoclasts, is critical in acid-base homeostasis and bone remodeling. Deficiency of CAII gives rise to a syndrome of osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis (RTA), and cerebral calcification with associated developmental delay. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and found most frequently in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. We report 2 related Irish families with clinically severe CAII deficiency in whom the gene mutation has been fully elucidated. Two children, one from each family, have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation because of severe progressive visual and hearing loss. The older 2 children had already developed cerebral calcification and marked visual loss at the time of diagnosis and were treated symptomatically. Post-transplantation evaluation at 2 and 3 years demonstrates histologic and radiologic resolution of their osteopetrosis with stabilization of hearing and vision. Both children remain developmentally delayed and continue to have RTA, and the older child has now developed cerebral calcification. Allogeneic bone marrow stem cell replacement cures the osteoclast component of CAII deficiency and retards the development of cerebral calcification, but it appears to have little or no effect on the renal lesions.
Spatial localization of transplanted hemopoietic stem cells: inferences for the localization of stem cell niches
Authors: Nilsson Susan K. , Johnston Hayley M. , Coverdale Judi A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe spatial distribution of subpopulations of hemopoietic progenitor cells following syngeneic transplantation was investigated at the single-cell level. The location of infused hemopoietic progenitor cells within the femoral bone marrow of nonablated recipients was determined by 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling of cells and in situ fixation by perfusion. Analysis performed over 15 hours after infusion demonstrated that the spatial distribution of transplanted marrow cells is not a random process. Although the majority of cells enter the bone marrow from the central marrow vessels, the subsequent localization within the bone marrow varied according to their phenotype. Candidate “stem cells” demonstrated selective redistribution and were significantly enriched within the endosteal region, whereas mature terminally differentiated and lineage-committed cells selectively redistributed away from the endosteal region and were predominantly in the central marrow region. Together, these data strongly support historical evidence of the presence of endosteal hemopoietic stem cell niches.