bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Integration of Systematic Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
to Explain the Mechanism of Action of Wuling Capsule in the Treatment
of NAFLD
Authors: Shu Yan , Chu Yajun , Yang Sicheng , Cao Jinyi , Qiao Yi , Zhao Yang , Yang Zhifu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Wuling capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine composed of four
herbals. It has been widely used to treat chronic active hepatitis and has shown significant efficacy in hyperlipidemia. However, the treatment of NAFLD disease has not been studied in
depth.

Methods:
Firstly, the potential bioactive compounds in Wuling capsules were identified by
TCMSP (https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php). Secondly， the pathway and GO function were
analyzed by using the DAVID database (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Then, the molecular docking
techniques were used to confirm the accuracy of binding between key targets and components.
Furthermore, the experimental pharmacology validation was conducted using RT-qPCR and WB
of the NAFLD model.

Results:
A total of 138 active compounds and 40 common potential targets associated with
NAFLD were identified through network pharmacology. The pathway and functional enrichment analysis showed that the Wuling capsule was associated with the PI3K-AKT and HIF-1α
signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed that the Wuling capsule could reduce IL-6,
TNF-α, and HIF-1α proteins and up-regulate STAT3 and VEGFA levels (P < 0.05), thus alleviating liver inflammation.

Conclusions:
With the support of network pharmacology and animal experiments, the study preliminarily investigated the effect of the Wuling capsule on liver inflammation by regulating the
HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby protecting liver function and treating NAFLD.
Folate-Modified Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Overcoming Delivery Challenges in Cancer Treatment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Nosrati-Oskouie Mohammad , Salavatizadeh Marieh , Sadat Aghili-Moghaddam Nazanin , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Kesharwani Prashant , Tarighat-Esfanjani Ali , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Curcumin, as an anti-tumor agent, is not widely used in cancer treatment due to the
lack of effective levels of its metabolites in cancerous tissue. Addressing the barriers to the carrier
and delivery of drugs to the specific sites of therapeutic action while reducing side effects is
a priority. Folate receptor expression is high in malignant and low in normal cells. Folate as a
targeted ligand could selectively target cancer cells. Thus, this narrative review aimed to provide
an overview of the studies that have investigated the different types of folate-modified curcumin
as a carrier and deliverer and their structural properties that enhance therapeutic drug efficacy. A
literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar
databases. Thirty-eight preclinical studies addressing this topic were identified. The findings of
the current review have shown that folate-modified nanoparticles containing curcumin as a
promising therapeutic approach can be effective in improving different types of cancers. In vitro
studies have shown a higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity effect, higher cell inhibition, and
anti-proliferation with a lower dosage of curcumin. In vivo studies have shown more tumor suppression
and smaller tumor volume without toxicity after the administration of folate-modified
nanoparticles containing curcumin. Future clinical trials are needed to confirm the beneficial
effect of folate-modified curcumin as a new drug delivery platform for cancer treatment.
Cardioprotective Potential of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Loaded Niosomes Nanoparticles - Against Doxorubicin Toxicity In Rats
Authors: Mohamad Ebtesam A. , Ahmed Samya Mahmoud , Masoud Marwa A. , Mohamed Fatma Adel , Mohammed Haitham S. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent anticancer drugs that has
ubiquitous usage in oncology; however, its marked adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity, are
still a major clinical issue. Plant extracts have shown cardioprotective effects and reduced the
risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Method:
The current study is intended to explore the cardioprotective effect of ethanolic
Moringa oleifera extracts (MOE) leaves loaded into niosomes (MOE-NIO) against DOXinduced
cardiotoxicity in rats. MOE niosomes nanoparticles (NIO-NPs) were prepared and characterized
by TEM. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control,
NIO, DOX, DOX+MOE, DOX+MOE-NIO, MOE+DOX, and MOE-NIO+DOX. DOX (4
mg/kg, IP) was injected once per week for 4 weeks with daily administration of MOE or MOENIO
(250 mg/kg, PO) for 4 weeks; in the sixth and seventh groups, MOE or MOE-NIO (250
mg/kg, PO) was administered one week before DOX injection. Various parameters were assessed
in serum and cardiac tissue. Pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO have mitigated the cardiotoxicity
induced by DOX as indicated by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine
kinase - MB(CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac Troponin 1(cTn1) and lipid
profile. MOE-NIO also alleviated lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitrosative status (NO), and inflammatory
markers levels; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
obtained in DOX-treated animals. Additionally, ameliorated effects have been recorded in glutathione
content and superoxide dismutase activity. MOE-NIO effectively neutralized the DOXupregulated
nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38
MAPK), and DOX-downregulated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions
in the heart.

Results:
It is concluded that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO could protect the heart against
DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing numerous pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation,
and apoptosis and by the elevation of tissue antioxidant status.

Conclusion:
Thus, it may be reasonable to suggest that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO can
provide a potential cardioprotective effect when doxorubicin is used in the management of carcinoma.
Exploring the Potential Role of Phytopharmaceuticals in Alleviating Toxicities of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Katolkar Ujwal N. , Surana Sanjay J. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Chemotherapy is the mainstay of cancer treatment, bringing patients optimism
about recurrence and survival. However, the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapeutic
drugs is frequently jeopardized by their intrinsic toxicity, resulting in side effects affecting the
quality of life of cancer patients. This analysis explores the ethnopharmacological impact of phytopharmaceuticals,
highlighting their traditional use in many cultures. The present study, which
takes its cues from indigenous knowledge, aims to close the knowledge gap between traditional
medicine and modern medicine in reducing the toxicities of chemotherapy treatments.

Aim:
The present in-depth study aims to highlight the current research and upcoming developments
in phytopharmaceuticals for reducing the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Further, we
address the mechanisms through which phytopharmaceuticals may reduce chemotherapy-induced
side effects that include nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiotoxicity
using data from a variety of preclinical and clinical investigations.

Materials and Methods:
The literature search was carried out by employing search engines such
as PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords such as cancer, chemotherapy, CNS toxicity, hematopoietic
toxicity, renal toxicity, GI toxicity, CNS toxicity, and phytopharmaceuticals.

Results:
Bioactive chemicals found in plants, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, are being
studied for their capacity to improve the safety and acceptability of chemotherapy regimens.
The current review also dives into the investigation of phytopharmaceuticals as adjuvant
medicines in cancer treatment, which is a viable path for addressing the pressing need to lessen
chemotherapy-induced toxicities.

Conclusion:
The present review revealed that the potential of phytopharmaceuticals in alleviating
chemotherapeutic drug toxicities would pave the way for better cancer treatment and patient outcomes,
harmonizing with the larger trend towards personalized and holistic approaches to chemotherapy.
Polymeric Micelle-Based Nanogels as Emerging Drug Delivery Systems in Breast Cancer Treatment: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Yazdan M. , Naghib S.M. , Mozafari M.R. 
Published: June 2024

:
Breast cancer is a pervasive global health issue that disproportionately impacts the female
population. Over the past few years, there has been considerable interest in nanotechnology
due to its potential utility in creating drug-delivery systems designed to combat this illness. The
primary aim of these devices is to enhance the delivery of targeted medications, optimise the specific
cells that receive the drugs, tackle treatment resistance in malignant cells, and introduce novel
strategies for preventing and controlling diseases. This research aims to examine the methodologies
utilised by various carrier nanoparticles in the context of therapeutic interventions for breast
cancer. The main objective is to investigate the potential application of novel delivery technologies
to attain timely and efficient diagnosis and treatment. Current cancer research predominantly
examines diverse drug delivery methodologies for chemotherapeutic agents. These methodologies
encompass the development of hydrogels, micelles, exosomes, and similar compounds. This research
aims to analyse the attributes, intricacies, notable advancements, and practical applications
of the system in clinical settings. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of these methodologies, an apparent
discrepancy can be observed between the progress made in developing innovative therapeutic
approaches and their widespread implementation in clinical settings. It is critical to establish a
robust correlation between these two variables to enhance the effectiveness of medication delivery
systems based on nanotechnology in the context of breast cancer treatment.
Neutrophil-to-albumin Ratio as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bao Jiajia , Zhang Yang , Ma Mengmeng , Wang Jian , Jiang Xin , Guo Jian , He Li 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Neutrophil-To-Albumin Ratio (NAR) is a novel inflammatory biomarker.
However, the potential prognostic value of NAR in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear.
This study aimed to evaluate whether NAR levels correlated with the 3-month modified
Rankin scale (mRS) in patients with AIS.

Methods:
AIS patients were included in this retrospective study. NAR was calculated as the ratio
of absolute neutrophil count to serum albumin level. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate
the effect of NAR on 3-month mRS of AIS. The predictive values of NAR, albumin level,
and neutrophil count were compared utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Moreover, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to evaluate the consistency of
NAR’s effect on AIS prognosis.

Results:
Of the 780 patients included, 403 (51.67%) had a poor clinical outcome (mRS 3-6) at 3
months. NAR was independently correlated to 3-month poor functional outcome after adjusting
for confounders (Odds ratios (OR), 9.34; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.09 to 80.13; p
=0.0417). Subgroup analysis showed a relative effect consistent with the overall population results,
and no statistical interactions were found in the subgroups (all p for interaction > 0.05). The
ROC curve showed that the prognosis-related cutoff value for NAR was 0.123, with corresponding
specificity and sensitivity of 53.55% and 63.94%, respectively. When comparing the predictive
power, NAR (0.590; 95%CI 0.549–0.630) exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC)
of ROC compared to neutrophils (0.584; 95%CI 0.543–0.624) and albumin (0.540; 95%CI
0.500–0.581).

Conclusion:
There is a positive relationship between NAR levels and 3-month poor functional outcomes
in AIS patients, supporting the potential of NAR as a readily available and economic serum
biomarker for the early identification of AIS prognosis. Further studies are required to validate the
prognostic value and clinical utility of the NAR.
Assessment of Thermal and Mechanical Indices as Acoustic Output Parameters
Used in Obstetric Ultrasound in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gareeballah Awadia , Ghazai Alharbi Wafa , Sami Alharbi Taif , Mohammed Alhejaili Rodina , Ahmed Maashi Nouf , Al-Ahmadi Fadwa Mohammed , Abdulwadoud Alshoabi Sultan , Gameraddin Moawia , Elzaki Maisa , Alsharif Walaa , Abouraida Raga Ahmed , Adam Mohammed , Alzain Amel FH 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Patient safety is paramount in ultrasound procedures, particularly in obstetric ultrasounds involving both the mother and fetus. The thermal and
mechanical indices (TI and MI) serve as crucial indicators of the acoustic output during ultrasound. Clinicians and specialists must know these
indices and ensure they are within safe ranges. This study aimed to assess the parameters of acoustic output power employed in obstetric
ultrasound (thermal and mechanical index).

Methodology:
A cross-sectional observational study conducted at Maternity and Children's Hospital in Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah, the data was collected from
obstetric scanning of 411 pregnant females using a data collection sheet including gravida and women's age, gestational age, scan mode, scan time,
and thermal and mechanical index (TI and MI) values.

Results:
The study found that there were significant differences in safety indices measurement between different modes; in Pulsed Doppler, mean Thermal
Index Bone (TIb) had the highest value (1.60±0.40), and the Mechanical Index (MI) was the lowest (0.68±0.33). There were insignificant
differences in safety indices values in different modes in different trimesters. The thermal indices of soft tissue and bony structure (TIs and TIb) of
brightness mode (B-mode) were constant in all trimesters, but the MI in the first trimester was lower than in the other trimesters.

Conclusion:
This study found significant differences in TIs, TIb, and MI in different modes of obstetric ultrasound. Pulsed Doppler ultrasonography had the
highest TIb value and a lower MI value. The ultrasound acoustic exposure output parameters were within the standard's recommended limit
A Novel Approach for Mobility-aware Energy-efficient Clustering-based
Routing Using EANN With GA Algorithm on WSNs
Authors: M Vasim Babu , Sekaran Ramesh , Kannan Suthendran , Ravi Vinayakumar , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser 
Published: June 2024

Aim:
This research aims to explore and evaluate various strategies for improving energy
efficiency within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, the study focuses on the critical
challenge of extending network lifespan through energy conservation by establishing balanced
clusters within the WSN architecture.

Background:
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), ensuring prolonged network operation while
conserving energy resources is a significant concern. One promising approach to address this challenge
is the implementation of equalized clusters, which requires an effective selection of cluster
heads (CHs). However, this task presents considerable complexity and demands innovative solutions
to overcome.

Objective:
The primary objective of this study is to develop and assess a novel methodology for selecting
precise cluster heads (CHs) within WSNs. This methodology is based on the utilization of
Bluetooth low energy (BLE) sensors deployed in a randomly distributed manner across the study
area. By employing an enhanced artificial neural network and greedy approach (EANN-GA), the
proposed technique seeks to identify CHs with optimal proximity to the cluster center and substantial
remaining energy reserves.

Methods:
The proposed methodology involves the deployment of BLE sensors distributed randomly
throughout the study region, which are then organized into clusters. Using the enhanced artificial
neural network and greedy approach (EANN-GA), the sensor node nearest to the cluster center
with the highest remaining energy is selected as the cluster head (CH). Additionally, a mobile sink
(MS) is introduced to harness the power of CHs, and the number of paths utilized by the MS is estimated
through a genetic approach. Based on this path information, the MS enters each cluster to
initiate the data-gathering process.

Results:
Performance analysis of the presented methodology demonstrates significant improvements
in energy efficiency and the extension of network lifetime. By employing the proposed
EANN-GA technique for CH selection and optimizing MS path utilization, the study showcases
enhanced operational effectiveness within WSNs.

Conclusion:
The findings of this research underscore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology
in enhancing energy efficiency and prolonging the lifespan of wireless sensor networks.
Through the innovative integration of BLE sensors, EANN-GA CH selection, and genetic-based
MS path estimation, the study contributes valuable insights toward addressing the critical challenges
of energy conservation in WSNs.
Image Steganalysis using Deep Convolution Neural Networks: A Literature Survey
Authors: Farooq Numrena , Mir Roohie Naaz 
Published: June 2024

:
Steganography is the technique of hiding data for secret communication in a public media
format. The image in which the hidden data is stored is called a stego image. Steganalysis is the
process of targeting the methods of steganography to identify, remove, destroy, and exploit the secret
data in stego images. The identification of embedded secret data in the image is the basis for
steganalysis. The proper selection of the type and composition of cover files contributes to a better
embedding. Several steganalysis techniques exist for detecting steganography in the images given.
Because of the embedded data, the performance of the steganalysis technique relies on the capacity
to retrieve the feature representations to identify the statistical portion of the image. Steganalysis &
steganography has experienced tremendous development in recent years with the emergence of
Deep Convolution Neural Networks (DCNN). In this paper, we explored the current state of research
from the latest systems of image steganalysis based on deep learning. This paper presents
different methodologies and frameworks of CNN, the research being carried out on image steganalysis
based on deep learning and implementation complexities, and highlights the benefits and
limitations of the existing techniques. This study also provides the direction for future research and
may serve as a fundamental source for further research in deep learning-based image steganalysis.
Artificial Neural Networks in Spray Coatings for Protection of
Hydroturbines in Silt Conditions
Authors: Singh Jashanpreet , Kumar Rahul 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Artificial intelligence techniques are able to predict the erosion in various
coatings. In recent times, the erosion of the coating was successfully predicted using artificial neural networks (ANN).

Aim:
This patent aims to present the critical findings in the area of spray coatings used for the protection of hydroturbines. This critical review explores the surface erosion of numerous hydroturbine materials and coatings. Moreover, it covers the evolution of coating techniques used in different industries such as hydropower plants and materials handling industry.

Objective:
The objective of this patent is to present the critical finding in the field of erosion wear
in coatings utilizing an artificial neural networks (ANN) technique.

Methods:
The effect of influencing factors on silt erosion was assessed. However, the evolution of
various coating processes was explored comprehensively. Furthermore, the properties of various
coatings, namely WC, Cr2C3, and Ni/Co coatings, were reported. A number of comparative analyses were carried out that can help in the selection of coatings on the basis of their mechanical as
well as chemical properties. The applications of ANN in the spray industry were explained extensively.

Results:
The results show that the HVOF coating is the most widely used deposition method.
HVOF is an appropriate technique for both ceramics and pure metals. Ceramics, as well as cermet,
are deposited to enhance the wear and tear resistance of hydroturbine materials. As a result, the
HVOF, laser cladding, D-Gun, and plasma spray technique are optimal in these circumstances.
Coatings based on WC have been employed by several researchers to increase stainless steels' resistance to erosion and wear.

Conclusion:
With the application of appropriate models and ML methods, it is expected that coatings with specific desired properties can be manufactured with fewer experiments. There is no surprise that WC-10Co-4Cr finds widespread usage in a variety of industrial contexts. Ni- and Cobased coatings show promise for use in tribological settings. Stellite is suggested by several researchers for high-erosion duty conditions in hydroturbines. Co-based coatings are more erosion
resistant as compared to No-based coatings. Coatings formulated with chromium (Cr) are resistant
to erosion and wear in harsh mining environments.
The Effect of Plasma Exchange on Recovery of Patients with Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Seghatoleslami Zahrasadat , Zare Mohammadamin , Amini Atefeh , Majmasanaye Mahnam , Eshraghi Azadeh 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Plasma Exchange (PE) in Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive pneumonia patients.

Method:
This study was a case series conducted at a referral hospital. Twenty SARS-CoV-2-positive
patients had an oxygen saturation of 80-90%, and the respiratory rate above 30 per minute. These
symptoms started 1 week after the onset of the disease. All patients had less than 90% oxygen saturation and needed respiratory support (oxygen therapy) treated with plasma exchange on 3-5 consecutive days during hospitalization. We followed the amount of oxygen saturation, which was in the
form of increasing the patient's oxygen saturation above 90% without oxygen supply and above 92%
without oxygen, improving shortness of breath and improving patients' clinical symptoms.

Results:
Our study included a total of 20 COVID-19 patients with an overall mean age of 48.9 ± 12.1
years (range: 39–58 years); 60% (n=12) were males, 34.5% of whom benefited from TPE sessions.
On the third day after the treatment, shortness of breath improved in these patients. Oxygen saturation of any twenty patients increased before the procedure of plasma exchange. Clinical symptoms of
all patients were decreasing shortness of breath and improving patients' clinical symptoms after the
procedure.

Conclusion:
According to our observations, plasma exchange could not show a significant therapeutic effect in COVID-19 patients with severe lung involvement.