bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in germination behaviour ofPaspalum dilatatumPoir. seeds is genotype dependent
Authors: Glison N. , Viega L. , Cornaglia P. , Gutiérrez L. , Speranza P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatumPoir.) is a warm‐season grass, native to South America. Its adoption as a pasture crop has been hindered by low seed germination and slow establishment. However, variability in germination behaviour for this species has never been systematically analysed. ForPaspalumspp., dry‐storage and moist cold or warm pre‐conditioning treatments have been reported as effective for the relief or breaking of seed dormancy. In the present work, seed germination responses at 32°C were assayed for sixteenP. dilatatumgenotypes, representing its known natural genetic variability, to two moist pre‐conditioning treatments (at 5 and 20°C) and without pre‐conditioning, and three seed storage periods (0, 3 and 6 months). Pre‐conditioning at 20°C showed high germination percentages (>80%), with ratios equal to or higher than pre‐conditioning at 5°C, suggesting that cold is not required to break dormancy. Longer storage times resulted in increases in germination responses for most of the genotypes, while other biotypes showed no effect. BiotypesVirasoro andChirú showed a remarkably different behaviour with higher germination percentages of untreated freshly harvested seeds. Our results show that diversity for traits involved in seed germination exists among naturally occurringP. dilatatumgenotypes and the characterization of these traits should be addressed during ecotype characterization and evaluation of potential domesticates of this species.
Effect of applications of organic solid cattle manure on Hungarian vetch and barley intercropping mixtures grown on soils of different depths
Authors: Yolcu H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSloping fields on soils of shallow depth to tillage are commonly left uncultivated in many parts of the world. This study was conducted to compare the effects on morphological traits, dry‐matter (DM) yield, legume ratio (LR), crude protein content (CP), crude protein yield (CPyield) and mineral concentrations (N, P, K, S, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, B and Zn) of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonicaCrantz.) and barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) grown in intercropping mixtures in response to three rates of organic solid cattle manure application (M0: 0, M1: 10, M2: 20 t ha−1). Experimentation was conducted on soils of two different soil depths [shallow (8–12 cm; low‐medium erosion risk) and normal soil depth (18–22 cm; no erosion risk)] on a sloping field in the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons at Gumushane, Turkey. Herbage harvested on the shallow depth area had 22–73% lessDMyield, 14–72% lessCPyield, 6–9% greaterCPcontent and generally higher minerals contents than herbage from the normal soil depth area. Cattle manure applications increasedDMyield by about 23%, increasedCPcontent andCPyield, and also increased the contents of most minerals in herbage of the intercropping mixtures, relative to the control, averaged over the two soil depths. It is suggested that, for areas with shallow soil depths that are prone to erosion, plant cover should be used for forage production, and that fertilization with solid cattle manure at 20 t ha−1can support production of quality forage of acceptableDMyield.
Phenotypic and allelic distribution of the ABO and Rhesus (D) blood groups in the Cameroonian population
Authors: Ndoula S. T. , Noubiap J. J. N. , Nansseu J. R. N. , Wonkam A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryData on blood group phenotypes are important for blood transfusion programs, for disease association and population genetics studies. This study aimed at reporting the phenotypic and allelic distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) groups in various ethnolinguistic groups in the Cameroonians. We obtained ABO and Rhesus blood groups and self‐identified ethnicity from 14 546 Cameroonian students. Ethnicity was classified in seven major ethnolinguistic groups: Afro‐Asiatic, Nilo‐Saharan, Niger‐Kordofanian/West Atlantic, Niger‐Kordofanian/Adamawa‐Ubangui, Niger‐Kordofanian/Benue‐Congo/Bantu/Grassfield, Niger‐Kordofanian/Benue‐Congo/Bantu/Mbam and Niger‐Kordofanian/Benue‐Congo/Bantu/Equatorial. ABO allelic frequencies were determined using the Bernstein method. Differences in phenotypic distribution of blood groups were assessed using the chi‐square test; a P value <0.05 being considered as statistically significant. The frequencies of the antigens of blood groups O, A, B and AB were 48.62%, 25.07%, 21.86% and 4.45%, respectively. Rhesus‐positive was 96.32%. The allelic frequencies of O, A and B genes were 0.6978, 0.1605 and 0.1416, respectively. Phenotypic frequencies of the blood groups in the general study population and in the different ethnolinguistic groups were in agreement with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations (P > 0.05). The frequencies of O, A, and B blood phenotypes were significantly lower, respectively, in the Nilo‐Saharan group (P = 0.009), the Niger‐Kordofanian/Benue‐Congo/Bantu groups (P = 0.021) and the Niger‐Kordofanian/West‐Atlantic group. AB blood group was most frequent in the Niger‐Kordofanian/Adamawa‐Ubangui group (P = 0.024). Our study provides the first data on ethnic distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in the Cameroonian population and suggests that its general profile is similar to those of several sub‐Saharan African populations. We found some significant differences in phenotypic distribution amongst major ethnolinguistic groups. These data may be important for blood donor recruitment policy and blood transfusion service in Cameroon.
Disruption of HLA class II antigen presentation in Burkitt lymphoma: implication of a 47 000 MW acid labile protein in CD4+ T‐cell recognition
Authors: God Jason M. , Zhao Dan , Cameron Christine A. , Amria Shereen , Bethard Jennifer R. , Haque Azizul 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWhile Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has a well‐known defect in HLA class I‐mediated antigen presentation, the exact role of BL‐associated HLA class II in generating a poor CD4+ T‐cell response remains unresolved. Here, we found that BL cells are deficient in their ability to optimally stimulate CD4+ T cells via the HLA class II pathway. This defect in CD4+ T‐cell recognition was not associated with low levels of co‐stimulatory molecules on BL cells, as addition of external co‐stimulation failed to elicit CD4+ T‐cell activation by BL. Further, the defect was not caused by faulty antigen/class II interaction, because antigenic peptides bound with measurable affinity to BL‐associated class II molecules. Interestingly, functional class II–peptide complexes were formed at acidic pH 5·5, which restored immune recognition. Acidic buffer (pH 5·5) eluate from BL cells contained molecules that impaired class II‐mediated antigen presentation and CD4+ T‐cell recognition. Biochemical analysis showed that these molecules were greater than 30 000 molecular weight in size, and proteinaceous in nature. In addition, BL was found to have decreased expression of a 47 000 molecular weight enolase‐like molecule that enhances class II‐mediated antigen presentation in B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, but not in BL cells. These findings demonstrate that BL likely has multiple defects in HLA class II‐mediated antigen presentation and immune recognition, which may be exploited for future immunotherapies.
Lack of transglutaminase 2 diminished T‐cell responses in mice
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hee , Hong Jun Man , Jeong Eui Man , Lee Wang Jae , Kim Hang‐Rae , Kang Jae Seung , Kim In‐Gyu , Hwang Young‐il 
Published: March 2014

SummaryTransglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been reported to play a role in dendritic cell activation and B‐cell differentiation after immunization. Its presence and role in T cells, however, has not been explored. In the present study, we determined the expression of TG2 on mouse T cells, and evaluated its role by comparing the behaviours of wild‐type and TG2−/− T cells after activation. In our results, naive T cells minimally expressed TG2, expression of which was increased after activation. T‐cell proliferation, expression of activation markers such as CD69 and CD25, and secretions of interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ were suppressed in the absence of TG2, presumably due, in part, to diminished nuclear factor‐κB activation. These effects on T cells seemed to be reflected in the in vivo immune response, the contact hypersensitivity reaction elicited by 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐fluorobenzene, with lowered peak responses in the TG2−/− mice. When splenic T cells from mice immunized with tumour lysate‐loaded wild‐type dendritic cells were re‐challenged ex vivo with the same antigen, the profile of surface markers including CD44, CD62L, and CD127 strongly indicated lesser generation of memory CD8+ T cells in TG2−/− mice. In the TG2−/− CD8+ T cells, moreover, Eomes expression was markedly decreased. These results indicate possible roles of TG2 in CD8+ T‐cell activation and CD8+ memory T‐cell generation.
Platelet‐activating factor enhances tumour metastasis via the reactive oxygen species‐dependent protein kinase casein kinase 2‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB activation
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Jin , Cho Kyung‐Deuk , Jang Kyu Yun , Kim Han‐A , Kim Hae‐Kyoung , Lee Hern‐Ku , Im Suhn‐Young 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) promotes tumour metastasis via activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). We here investigated the role of the protein kinase CK2 (formerly Casein Kinase 2 or II) in PAF‐induced NF‐κB activation and tumour metastasis, given that PAF has been reported to increase CK2 activity, and that CK2 plays a key role in NF‐κB activation. PAF increased CK2 activity, phosphorylation and protein expression in vivo as well as in vitro. CK2 inhibitors inhibited the PAF‐mediated NF‐κB activation and expression of NF‐κB‐dependent pro‐inflammatory cytokines and anti‐apoptotic factors. Pre‐treatment with the antioxidant N‐Acetyl‐L‐Cysteine (NAC) resulted in a significant inhibition in PAF‐induced enhancement of CK2 activity, phosphorylation and protein expression in vivo as well as in vitro. H2O2 and known reactive oxygen species inducers, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) enhanced CK2 activity, phosphorylation and protein expression, which was again inhibited by antioxidant. PAF, LPS and TNF‐α induced increased CK2 activity, phosphorylationand protein expression, which were inhibited by p38 inhibitor. PAF, LPS or TNF‐α increased pulmonary metastasis of B16F10, which was inhibited by antioxidants, CK2 inhibitor and p38 inhibitor. Our data suggest that (i) reactive oxygen species activate CK2 via p38, which, in turn, induces NF‐κB activation, and (ii) PAF, LPS and TNF‐α increase pulmonary tumour metastasis via the induction of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/p38/CK2/NF‐κB pathway.
Cognitive performance profiles by latent classes of drug use
Authors: Harrell P. Truman , Mancha Brent Edward E. , Martins Silvia S. , Mauro Pia M. , Kuo Julie H. , Scherer Michael , Bolla Karen I. , Latimer William W. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesThe relationship between substance use and cognitive deficits is complex and requires innovative methods to enhance understanding. The present study is the first to use LCA to examine associations of drug use patterns with cognitive performance.MethodsCocaine/heroin users (N = 552) completed questionnaires, and cognitive measures. LCA identified classes based on past‐month drug use and adjusted for probabilities of group membership when examining cognitive performance. Latent indicators were: alcohol (ALC), cigarettes (CIG), marijuana (MJ), crack smoking (CS), nasal heroin (NH), injection cocaine (IC), injection heroin (IH), and injection speedball (IS). Age and education were included as covariates in model creation.ResultsBootstrap likelihood ratio test (BLRT) supported a 5‐class model. Prevalent indicators (estimated probability of over 50%) for each class are as follows: “Older Nasal Heroin/Crack Smokers” (ONH/CS, n = 166.9): ALC, CIG, NH, CS; “Older, Less Educated Polysubstance” (OLEP, n = 54.8): ALC, CIG, CS, IH, IC, and IS; “Younger Multi‐Injectors” (MI, n = 128.7): ALC, CIG, MJ, IH, IC, and IS; “Less Educated Heroin Injectors” (LEHI, n = 87.4): CIG, IH; and “More Educated Nasal Heroin” users (MENH, n = ALC, CIG, NH. In general, all classes performed worse than established norms and older, less educated classes performed worse, with the exception that MENH demonstrated worse cognitive flexibility than YMI.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study demonstrated novel applications of a methodology for examining complicated relationships between polysubstance use and cognitive performance.Scientific SignificanceEducation and/or nasal heroin use are associated with reduced cognitive flexibility in this sample of inner city drug users. (Am J Addict 2014;23:431–439)
Parental history of substance use disorders (SUD) and SUD in offspring: A controlled family study of bipolar disorder
Authors: Wilens Timothy E. , Yule Amy , Martelon MaryKate , Zulauf Courtney , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesAdolescents with bipolar disorder (BPD) have been previously shown to be at very high risk for substance use disorders (SUD). We now examine the influence of a parental history of substance use disorders on SUD risk in offspring with and without BPD.MethodsWe studied 190 parents ascertained through 104 adolescent BPD probands and 189 parents ascertained through 98 control probands using structured interviews. We compared the prevalence of SUD using logistic regression.ResultsWhile adjusting for BPD in our combined sample, probands with a parental history of SUD were more likely to have an alcohol use disorder compared to probands without a parental history. Probands with a parental history of SUD were not more likely to have a drug use disorder or overall SUD compared to probands without a parental history. BPD in the offspring did not pose any additional risk between parental history of SUD and offspring SUD.ConclusionAlcohol use disorders were more common in the offspring of parents with a SUD history compared to parents without SUD and the risk was not influenced by offspring BPD.Scientific SignificanceClarifying the mechanisms linking parental SUD to offspring SUD, particularly in children and adolescents with BPD, would help clinicians to educate and monitor high‐risk families, which would facilitate strategies to mitigate risks associated with parental substance abuse. (Am J Addict 2014;23:440–446)
Ziprasidone versus clozapine in the treatment of dually diagnosed (DD) patients with schizophrenia and cannabis use disorders: A randomized study
Authors: Schnell Thomas , Koethe Dagmar , Krasnianski Anna , Gairing Stefanie , Schnell Knut , Daumann Jörg , Gouzoulis‐Mayfrank Euphrosyne 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesClozapine is considered to be particularly effective in the treatment of dually diagnosed (DD) patients with psychosis and substance use disorders. However, its use is restricted by potentially severe side effects. The aim of the present pilot study was to compare the effects of clozapine with the newer second generation antipsychotic (SGA) ziprasidone in DD‐patients.MethodsThirty (n = 30) patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse/dependence were randomized to ziprasidone or clozapine and were followed up for up to 12 months.ResultsCannabis use was reduced in both groups during follow‐up. Clozapine treatment was associated with less positive symptoms of schizophrenia, more side effects and poorer compliance with treatment.ConclusionsResults from this small pilot RCT suggest beneficial effects of both clozapine and ziprasidone in the treatment of cannabis use disorders in psychotic patients. Larger‐scale RCTs are needed in order to assess advantages and disadvantages of the different SGAs in dually diagnosed populations. (Am J Addict 2014;23:308–312)
Pilot study of Creating Change, a new past‐focused model for PTSD and substance abuse
Authors: Najavits Lisa M. , Johnson Kay M. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesCreating Change (CC) is a new past‐focused behavioral therapy model developed for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD). It was designed to address current gaps in the field, including the need for a past‐focused PTSD/SUD model that has flexibility, can work with complex clients, responds to the staffing and resource limitations of SUD and other community‐based treatment programs, can be conducted in group or individual format, and engages clients and clinicians. It was designed to follow the style, tone, and format of Seeking Safety, a successful present‐focused PTSD/SUD model. CC can be used in conjunction with SS and/or other models if desired.MethodsWe conducted a pilot outcome trial of the model with seven men and women outpatients diagnosed with current PTSD and SUD, who were predominantly minority and low‐income, with chronic PTSD and SUD. Assessments were conducted pre‐ and post‐treatment.ResultsSignificant improvements were found in multiple domains including some PTSD and trauma‐related symptoms (eg, dissociation, anxiety, depression, and sexual problems); broader psychopathology (eg, paranoia, psychotic symptoms, obsessive symptoms, and interpersonal sensitivity); daily life functioning; cognitions related to PTSD; coping strategies; and suicidal ideation (altogether 19 variables, far exceeding the rate expected by chance). Effect sizes were consistently large, including for both alcohol and drug problems. No adverse events were reported.Discussion and ConclusionsDespite study methodology limitations, CC is promising.Scientific SignificanceClients can benefit from past‐focused therapy that addresses PTSD and SUD in integrated fashion. (Am J Addict 2014;23:415–422)
Social network correlates of participation in telephone continuing care for alcohol dependence
Authors: Van Horn Deborah H.A. , Rennert Lior , Lynch Kevin G. , McKay James R. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesResearch on face‐to‐face treatment for substance misuse suggests that patients' social networks may impact treatment entry and participation, but there has been no similar research on entry and participation in telephone‐based continuing care. We examined whether alcohol‐specific social support predicted engagement and participation in telephone continuing care for alcohol dependence, and whether treatment participation resulted in beneficial changes in participants' social networks.MethodsParticipants were 252 adults (162 male) enrolled in a randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness of telephone continuing care for alcohol dependence. Participants who completed 3 weeks of intensive outpatient treatment were randomly assigned to treatment as usual, telephone monitoring (TM; N = 83), or telephone monitoring and brief counseling (TMC; N = 83). TM and TMC included 18 months of telephone treatment. Alcohol‐specific social support was measured with the Important People Inventory at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24‐month follow‐up.ResultsAlcohol‐specific social support did not predict entry into TM or TMC. Among those who entered telephone treatment (N = 127), participants with higher network percentage of daily drinkers, higher percentage of network members who accept drinking, and lower percentage of network members who do not accept drinking completed more continuing care calls. There was no effect of continuing care participation on alcohol‐specific social support over 24 months of follow‐up.ConclusionParticipants with more problematic social networks may self‐select additional support in the form of telephone continuing care. Telephone continuing care does not appear to result in social network change. (Am J Addict 2014;23:447–452)
Cue‐induced craving in dependence upon prescription opioids and heroin
Authors: McHugh R. Kathryn , Park Sara , Weiss Roger D. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesCues associated with heroin use (eg, needles, powder) elicit robust craving responses in individuals dependent upon heroin. Elevated cue‐induced craving may be a risk factor for relapse and can persist after periods of drug abstinence. Despite the growing prevalence of opioid dependence involving prescription opioids, published studies have yet to examine whether cue‐induced craving is also present in prescription opioid dependence.MethodsA sample of 50 adults diagnosed with opioid dependence (20 prescription opioid users, 25 heroin users, and 5 mixed opioid users) completed a cue reactivity assessment. Participants were administered a series of 90 pictures, including heroin‐specific, prescription opioid‐specific, and neutral images, and were asked to rate craving and cue salience after each image.ResultsBoth the prescription opioid and heroin groups experienced significantly more craving to drug than to neutral stimuli. The prescription opioid group reported significantly less craving to prescription opioid stimuli than the heroin group to heroin stimuli; however, this effect was smaller and non‐significant when controlling for group differences in cue salience.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study found evidence for cue‐induced craving in individuals dependent upon prescription opioids. Further research is needed to better understand the role of cue reactivity in the course and treatment of opioid dependence involving prescription opioid use.Scientific SignificanceAs elevated craving reactivity to drug cues may reflect a risk factor for relapse, understanding the nature of cue‐induced craving in individuals with opioid dependence is important to improving treatments for this population. (Am J Addict 2014;23:453–458)
Effects of varenicline, nicotine or placebo on depressive symptoms in postmenopausal smokers
Authors: Avery Naomi , Kenny Anne M. , Kleppinger Alison , Brindisi Jennifer , Litt Mark D. , Oncken Cheryl A. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundVarenicline carries a black box warning for neuropsychiatric adverse events.ObjectiveWe examined varenicline use and past history of major depressive disorder (MDD) on depressive symptoms during smoking cessation.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of two smoking cessation studies in 152 postmenopausal women who received placebo or nicotine patch, or 78 women who received varenicline with relaxation. Lifetime history of MDD (LH‐MDD) was assessed at baseline and women with current MDD were excluded. Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression scale (CESD) measured depressive symptoms at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks.ResultsBaseline CESD scores were 5.3 + 4.4. Those with a LH‐MDD reported higher CESD scores (p > .001). Those taking varenicline reported lower scores over all time periods compared to nicotine or placebo (p < .01). The differences between varenicline and the other treatments remained when controlling for LH‐MDD, indicating an independent effect. CESD scores were associated with concurrent smoking status (p < .001), and with withdrawal symptoms (p < .001).ConclusionCESD score were lower in those receiving varenicline, whether this is due to an anti‐depressant effect, subject selection, use of relaxation or another cause is unknown. Varenicline does not increase depressive symptoms during smoking cessation in postmenopausal women without current MDD. Subjects with a LH‐MDD are susceptible to developing depressive symptoms during smoking cessation, regardless of pharmacologic aid.Scientific SignificancePharmacologic aids did not increase depression symptoms in this select population of postmenopausal women without current depression. Smoking cessation does increase depressive symptoms in those with LH‐MDD, though the degree of increase was not clinically meaningful. (Am J Addict 2014;23:459–465)