bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal environments from polar regions to the tropics: a geographer’s zonality perspective
Authors: Kelletat D. H. , Scheffers A. M. , May S. M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
From a geographical point of view, the general pattern of coastal zones (or geographical coastal zonality) is arranged along latitudinal gradients and gradations from the Equator to the poles, caused by the spherical shape of our planet and the distribution of heat according to the angle of incoming radiation. As the distribution of land and oceans differs between hemispheres and along latitudes, and atmospheric and oceanic circulation moves energy in all directions, the global pattern of coastal forms and processes due to climate-triggered conditions is very complex. Moreover, each single pattern is dynamic and subject to revision by changes in the climate. Some coastal zones (e.g. humid tropics or high polar zones) can be delimited rather easily, while others (e.g. temperate cool or those with alternating tropical climate) are more difficult to define. This paper provides a short overview of the state of the art in geographical zonality of coastal environments (not only of coastlines) from the poles to the Equator, with the main emphasis on cold and warm zones, pointing to climate-induced differences in the context of Quaternary climate change or those occurring over the last centuries and decades.
Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Cancer: Boutique Therapy or Treatment Modality?
Authors: Yee Cassian 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy, involving the ex vivo enrichment and expansion of antigen-specific immune cells for adoptive transfer, has emerged as an increasingly effective modality for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer refractory to conventional therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4550–2. ©2013 AACR.
Acute Infection Induces a Metastatic Niche: A Double Menace for Cancer Patients
Authors: Smith Heath A. , Kang Yibin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Tumor-derived factors can induce a premetastatic niche, yet little is known about how metastatic microenvironments are influenced by external insults, such as acute infections commonly seen in patients with cancer. New findings reveal increased metastasis to the lung after acute bacterial infection via the CXCR4/ubiquitin axis, suggesting new targets for antimetastasis therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4547–9. ©2013 AACR.
Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (L-Fabp) Modifies Intestinal Fatty Acid Composition and Adenoma Formation in ApcMin/+ Mice
Authors: Dharmarajan Sekhar , Newberry Elizabeth P. , Montenegro Grace , Nalbantoglu ILKe , Davis Victoria R. , Clanahan Michael J. , Blanc Valerie , Xie Yan , Luo Jianyang , Fleshman James W. , Kennedy Susan , Davidson Nicholas O. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Evidence suggests a relationship between dietary fat intake, obesity, and colorectal cancer, implying a role for fatty acid metabolism in intestinal tumorigenesis that is incompletely understood. Liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-Fabp), a dominant intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, regulates intestinal fatty acid trafficking and metabolism, and L-Fabp deletion attenuates diet-induced obesity. Here, we examined whether changes in intestinal fatty acid metabolism following L-Fabp deletion modify adenoma development in ApcMin/+ mice. Compound L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice were generated and fed a 10% fat diet balanced equally between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat. L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice displayed significant reductions in adenoma number and total polyp area compared with ApcMin/+controls, reflecting a significant shift in distribution toward smaller polyps. Adenomas from L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice exhibited reductions in cellular proliferation, high-grade dysplasia, and nuclear β-catenin translocation. Intestinal fatty acid content was increased in L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice, and lipidomic profiling of intestinal mucosa revealed significant shifts to polyunsaturated fatty acid species with reduced saturated fatty acid species. L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice also showed corresponding changes in mRNA expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid elongation and desaturation. Furthermore, adenomas from L-Fabp−/−ApcMin/+ mice displayed significant reductions in mRNA abundance of nuclear hormone receptors involved in cellular proliferation and in enzymes involved in lipogenesis. These findings collectively implicate L-Fabp as an important genetic modifier of intestinal tumorigenesis, and identify fatty acid trafficking and metabolic compartmentalization as an important pathway linking dietary fat intake, obesity, and intestinal tumor formation. Cancer Prev Res; 6(10); 1026–37. ©2013 AACR.
Effects of Endothelial Dysfunction on Residual Platelet Aggregability After Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Aspirin and Clopidogrel in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Fujisue Koichiro , Sugiyama Seigo , Ono Takamichi , Matsuzawa Yasushi , Akiyama Eiichi , Sugamura Koichi , Matsubara Junichi , Kurokawa Hirofumi , Kaikita Koichi , Iwashita Satomi , Sumida Hitoshi , Hokimoto Seiji , Oniki Kentaro , Nakagawa Kazuko , Matsui Kunihiko , Ogawa Hisao 
Published: August 2013

Background—
Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is widely used in patients with coronary stents. High residual platelet reactivity (high RPR) after dual antiplatelet therapy is associated with increased cardiovascular events. Endothelial function could affect platelet reactivity in vivo. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction could be associated with high RPR after dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results—

We screened patients with stable coronary artery disease for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotypes and enrolled 103 patients who lacked CYP2C19*2 or *3 loss-of-function allele to minimize the effect of this gene on high RPR. All patients received aspirin (100 mg/d) and clopidogrel (75 mg/d for long-term treatment or a loading dose of 300 mg) before the following tests. Platelet aggregability was assessed as P2Y12 reaction unit using the VerifyNow System. High RPR was defined as P2Y12 reaction unit ≥230. Peripheral endothelial function was expressed as reactive hyperemia index using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Fifty-three patients exhibited high RPR. High RPR patients were significantly older, had higher levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, and were predominantly hypertensive compared with non–high RPR patients. Reactive hyperemia index was significantly lower in high RPR patients (0.46±0.15) compared with non–high RPR patients (0.61±0.18;
P
<0.001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated significant negative correlation between reactive hyperemia index and P2Y12 reaction unit (
r
=−0.32;
P
=0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified reactive hyperemia index as an independent and significant determinant of high RPR (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.78;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
In patients with stable coronary artery disease, endothelial function was significantly impaired in high RPR patients. Endothelial dysfunction is independently correlated with high RPR after dual antiplatelet therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr
. Unique identifier: UMIN000008239.
Prehospital Unassisted Assessment of Stroke Severity Using Telemedicine
Authors: Van Hooff Robbert-Jan , Cambron Melissa , Van Dyck Rita , De Smedt Ann , Moens Maarten , Espinoza Alexis Valenzuela , Van de Casseye Rohny , Convents Andre , Hubloue Ives , De Keyser Jacques , Brouns Raf 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
We evaluated the feasibility and the reliability of remote stroke severity quantification in the prehospital setting using the Unassisted TeleStroke Scale (UTSS) via a telestroke ambulance system and a fourth-generation mobile network.

Methods—
The technical feasibility and the reliability of the UTSS were studied in healthy volunteers mimicking 41 stroke syndromes during ambulance transportation.

Results—

Except for 1 issue, high-quality telestroke assessment was feasible in all scenarios. The mean examination time for the UTSS was 3.1 minutes (SD, 0.4). The UTSS showed excellent intrarater and interrater variability (ρ=0.98 and 0.97;
P
<0.001), as well as excellent internal consistency and rater agreement. Adequate concurrent validity can be derived from the strong correlation between the UTSS and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (ρ=0.90;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Remote assessment of stroke severity in fast-moving ambulances using a system dedicated to prehospital telemedicine, 4G technology, and the UTSS is feasible and reliable.
Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging is More Reliable Than T2*-Weighted Gradient-Recalled Echo MRI for Detecting Microbleeds
Authors: Cheng Ah-Ling , Batool Saima , McCreary Cheryl R. , Lauzon M.L. , Frayne Richard , Goyal Mayank , Smith Eric E. 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
We investigated the sensitivity and reliability of MRI susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) compared with routine MRI T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo (GRE) for cerebral microbleed (CMB) detection.

Methods—
We used data from a prospective study of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (n=9; mean age, 71±8.3) and healthy non–cerebral amyloid angiopathy controls (n=22; mean age, 68±6.3). Three raters (labeled 1, 2, and 3) independently interpreted the GRE and SWI sequences (using the phase-filtered magnitude image) blinded to clinical information.

Results—
In 9 cerebral amyloid angiopathy cases, the raters identified 1146 total CMBs on GRE and 1432 CMBs on SWI. In 22 healthy control subjects, the raters identified ≥1 CMBs in 6/22 on GRE (total 9 CMBs) and 5/22 on SWI (total 19 CMBs). Among cerebral amyloid angiopathy cases, the reliability between raters for CMB counts was good for SWI (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.87) but only moderate for GRE (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.52). In controls, agreement on the presence or absence of CMBs in controls was moderate to good on both SWI (κ coefficient ranged from 0.57 to 0.74 across the 3 combinations of rater pairs) and GRE (κ range, 0.31 to 0.70). A review of 114 hypointensities identified as possible CMBs indicated that increased detection and reliability on SWI was related to both increased contrast and higher resolution, allowing better discrimination of CMBs from the background and better anatomic differentiation from pial vessels.

Conclusions—
SWI confers greater reliability as well as greater sensitivity for CMB detection compared with GRE, and should be the preferred sequence for quantifying CMB counts.
The Relationship between Coping and Spiritual Well-Being in a Group of South African Adolescents
Authors: Moodley Trevor , Beukes Roelf B. I. , Esterhuyse Karel G. F. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Using Scheffé tests, this study investigated any statistically meaningful association between coping and spiritual well-being in a group of South African adolescents from schools in Cape Town. The ACOPE instrument was used to measure coping in 12 coping strategies. Spiritual well-being was measured by the SWBQ instrument, which gives a global score and a score for each spiritual well-being domain. The results indicated a significant positive association, suggesting an important link between seeking spiritual support and transcendental spiritual well-being. In addition, a significantly positive association with medium effect, suggesting moderate practical importance, was found for developing social support and communal spiritual well-being.
Modeling Wet Snow Accretion on Power Lines: Improvements to Previous Methods Using 50 Years of Observations
Authors: Kringlebotn Nygaard Bjørn Egil , Ágústsson Hálfdán , Somfalvi-Tóth Katalin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMethods to model wet snow accretion on structures are developed and improved, based on unique records of wet snow icing events as well as large datasets of observed and simulated weather. Hundreds of observed wet snow icing events are logged in detail in an icing database, most of which include an estimate of the mean and maximum diameter of observed icing on overhead power conductors. Observations of weather are furthermore available from a dense network of weather stations. The existing models for wet snow accretion on a standard cylinder are updated with realistic values for the terminal fall speed of wet snowflakes together with a snowflake liquid fraction–based criterion to identify wet snow. The widely used parameterization of the sticking efficiency is found to strongly underestimate the accretion rate. A calibrated parameterization of the sticking efficiency is suggested on the basis of long-term statistics of observed and modeled wet snow loads. Application of the improved method is demonstrated in a high-resolution simulation for a case of observed widespread and intensive wet snow icing in south Iceland. The results form a basis for mapping the climatology of wet snow icing in the complex terrain of Iceland as well as for preparing operational forecasts of wet snow icing and severe weather for overhead power transmission lines in complex terrain.
Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Community Earth System Model [CESM1(BGC)]: Comparison of the 1990s with the 2090s under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Scenarios
Authors: Moore J. Keith , Lindsay Keith , Doney Scott C. , Long Matthew C. , Misumi Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2013

The authors compare Community Earth System Model results to marine observations for the 1990s and examine climate change impacts on biogeochemistry at the end of the twenty-first century under two future scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Late-twentieth-century seasonally varying mixed layer depths are generally within 10 m of observations, with a Southern Ocean shallow bias. Surface nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations exhibit positive biases at low latitudes and negative biases at high latitudes. The volume of the oxygen minimum zones is overestimated.The impacts of climate change on biogeochemistry have similar spatial patterns under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, but perturbation magnitudes are larger under RCP8.5. Increasing stratification leads to weaker nutrient entrainment and decreased primary and export production (>30% over large areas). The global-scale decreases in primary and export production scale linearly with the increases in mean sea surface temperature. There are production increases in the high nitrate, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions, driven by lateral iron inputs from adjacent areas. The increased HNLC export partially compensates for the reductions in non-HNLC waters (~25% offset). Stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions and climate by the end of this century (as in RCP4.5) will minimize the changes to nutrient cycling and primary production in the oceans. In contrast, continued increasing emission of CO2(as in RCP8.5) will lead to reduced productivity and significant modifications to ocean circulation and biogeochemistry by the end of this century, with more drastic changes beyond the year 2100 as the climate continues to rapidly warm.
Urbanization Impact on Temperature Change in China with Emphasis on Land Cover Change and Human Activity
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Lijuan , Zhao Xinyi , Li Shuangcheng , Yan Yan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe impact of urbanization on temperature trends in China was investigated with emphasis on two aspects of urbanization, land cover change, and human activity. A new station classification scheme was developed to incorporate these two aspects by utilizing land cover and energy consumption data. Observation temperature data of 274 stations and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis temperature from 1979 to 2010 were used in conducting the observation minus reanalysis (OMR) method to detect urban influence. Results indicated that nearly half of the stations in the study area have been converted from nonurban to urban stations as a result of land cover change associated with urban expansion. It was determined that both land cover change and human activity play important roles in temperature change and contribute to the observed warming, particularly in urbanized stations, where the highest amount of warming was detected. Urbanized stations showed higher OMR temperature trends than those of unchanged stations. In addition, a statistically significant positive relationship was detected between human activity and temperature trends, which suggests that the observed warming is closely related to the intensity and spatial extent of human activity. In fact, the urbanization effect is strongly affected by specific characteristics of urbanization in local and regional scales.
Probabilistic Evaluation of the Dynamics and Prediction of Supertyphoon Megi (2010)
Authors: Qian Chuanhai , Zhang Fuqing , Green Benjamin W. , Zhang Jin , Zhou Xiaqiong 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Supertyphoon Megi was the most intense tropical cyclone (TC) of 2010. Megi tracked westward through the western North Pacific and crossed the Philippines on 18 October. Two days later, Megi made a sharp turn to the north, an unusual track change that was not forecast by any of the leading operational centers. This failed forecast was a consequence of exceptionally large uncertainty in the numerical guidance—including the operational ensemble of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)—at various lead times before the northward turn. This study uses The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble dataset to examine the uncertainties in the track forecast of the ECMWF operational ensemble. The results show that Megi's sharp turn is sensitive to its own movement in the early period, the size and structure of the storm, the strength and extent of the western Pacific subtropical high, and an approaching eastward-moving midlatitude trough. In particular, a larger TC (in addition to having a stronger beta effect) may lead to a stronger erosion of the southwestern extent of the subtropical high, which will subsequently lead to an earlier and sharper northward turn.
A data-processing approach for exploring water-use maneuver of high-rise building
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Wong Eric SW , Zhu Zuojin 
Published: August 2013

Recognizing high-rise building water-use maneuver should be helpful for developing some practical strategies when indoor room space safety becomes a crucial feature in the building operation. This paper presents a data-processing approach for exploring the water-use maneuver of high-rise building. This approach combines the empirical mode decomposition and statistical analysis to process the mezzanine-floor air-pressure data measured in the drainage stack system of Li Ka-Shing building at PolyU of Hong Kong on 28th of April of 2008. Because the mezzanine-floor air-pressure signals in the building drainage system are recorded within about 10 hours with a recording rate of one signal per second, data re-sampling is obviously needed. Otherwise, the direct application of empirical mode decomposition should be unavailable because the mezzanine-floor air-pressure data are too massive. Statistical analysis is further encompassed after the empirical mode decomposition to seek the influences of re-sampling time interval and the empirical mode decomposition index so that the building water-use maneuver can be understood in detail. Practical application: From the viewpoint of Building Services Engineering, any occupied space should be safeguarded, because the depletions of the trap seals 1 and the bathroom floor drain traps 2 can result in cross-contamination via the drainage system. This suggests that it is crucial to investigate building water-use maneuver when indoor room space safety becomes urgent. To explore the water-use maneuver, an indirect way is by analyzing the mezzanine-floor air-pressure in the drainage stack system in terms of an appropriate approach. Since the mezzanine-floor air-pressure in the drainage stack system of an 18-floor building, i.e. Li Ka-Shing building at PolyU of Hong Kong has been recorded, 3 it can be used to propose the water-use maneuver approach which is helpful for developing some practical strategies for indoor room space safety when the safety should be carefully and urgently faced.
Future climate change and building energy demand in Tianjin, China
Authors: Li Mingcai , Guo Jun , Tian Zhe , Shi Jun , Xiong Mingming , Xiang Cao 
Published: August 2013

This paper concerns the impacts of future climate change under two forcing scenarios on energy demand of commercial building and residential buildings with different energy-saving levels in Tianjin. Heating load of commercial building will decrease under the two scenarios in the next 90 years but increase of cooling load is found. All residential buildings will decrease heating load in the future 90 years. In particular, the decreasing rate of energy demand during 2011–2100 by the residential building slows down from the first- to the third-stage energy-saving levels. Additionally, the difference in energy demand between the two scenarios becomes smaller as the energy-saving level increases. These suggest that higher energy-saving levels are beneficial for decreasing not only energy consumption but also its sensitivity to climate change. Practical application: Climate change in the future causes the large and significant increase in cooling energy demand but decrease in heating energy demand. This would be helpful for the adjustment of energy use strategy by government. Also, the possible changes in future energy demands for heating and cooling will be of interest to energy providers. The responses of heating energy demand to the future climate change show large difference among the residential buildings with different energy-saving levels. This will provide useful information for policy makers and building industry managers on how to make appropriate measures keep occupants comfort and reduce energy use.