bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric, molecular and ecological analyses of the parasites of the sharpsnout seabreamDiplodus puntazzoCetti (Sparidae) from the Spanish Mediterranean: implications for aquaculture
Authors: Sánchez-García N. , Ahuir-Baraja A.E. , Raga J.A. , Montero F.E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOne of the fish species with the highest potential for aquaculture is the sharpsnout seabream,Diplodus puntazzoCetti. Among other aspects, the development of new fish cultures requires studies of potential pathogens that may compromise survival of the fish in captivity. Moreover, both cultured and wild fish can act as sources or reservoirs of pathogens which may negatively affect other well-established cultures. We have studied the parasite fauna of the wild sharpsnout seabream, and monitored the survival of the parasites in culture conditions. The sharpsnout seabream was sampled from two different Spanish localities and examined for parasites. Additionally, 20 fish were maintained in captivity. Ten of them were examined for parasites after a period of 10 days and a further ten fish after another 10 days. All fish were parasitized with at least four species, with 19 parasite species being identified, seven of which were recorded for the first time in the sharpsnout seabream. These includedMicrocotylesp.,Magnibursatus bartolii,Steringotrema pagelli,Galactosomumsp.,Cardiocephaloides longicollis,Caligus ligusticusandGnathia vorax. We also report the first records of two parasite species in the wild sharpsnout seabream, the polyopisthocotylean monogeneansAtrispinum seminalisandSparicotyle chrysophrii. Previously, these parasites had only been recorded in farmed sharpsnout seabream. Most parasites in the skin, gills and alimentary tract disappeared under the conditions of captivity, with the exception of the monogeneans of the genusLamellodiscus. The information provided about the sharpsnout seabream parasite fauna will be useful to prevent possible problems in fish farms due to some parasite species. Many parasites of the sharpsnout seabream recorded in the present study are shared by the main fish species in Mediterranean aquaculture, the gilthead seabream, thus suggesting the possibility of cross-infections.
Middle-ear involvement in type I Gaucher's disease – a unique case
Authors: Khan A , Stimpson P , Karmolinski A , Patel N 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjective:Gaucher's disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. We describe a unique case of middle-ear involvement presenting with hearing loss.Case report:A five-year-old boy with known Gaucher's disease presented with bilateral hearing impairment and conductive hearing loss on pure tone audiometry with flat tympanometry traces.Intervention:Exploratory Tympanomastoidectomy revealed inflammatory material filling the mastoid and the middle ear. Histological analysis confirmed Gaucher cell infiltrates.Conclusion:This is the first detailed report in the english language literature of Gaucher's disease affecting the middle ear and the mastoid. We discuss the disease process and suggest future management options.
Oesophageal foreign body: an unusual presentation
Authors: Oyewole M , Ajayi O , Hilger A 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjective:This paper describes and discusses the case of an oesophageal foreign body, in which the patient presented with primarily respiratory clinical signs.Case report:A 17-month-old child, who had ingested a watch battery, presented to emergency services on multiple occasions with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Subsequent radiographs showed the battery in the oesophagus impinging on the trachea. The battery was removed successfully under a general anaesthetic.Conclusion:Large oesophageal foreign bodies can impinge on the trachea causing upper respiratory tract signs. In such cases, anteroposterior and lateral chest films are imperative to make a correct diagnosis.
Cognitive response navigation algorithm for mobile robots using biological antennas
Authors: Jiang Jiliang , Tu Dawei , Xu Shuo , Zhao Qijie 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYWe present BioBug, a bionic cognitive response navigation algorithm for mobile robots based on neuroethology principles. It includes a biological antenna model for environment perception and an improved Bug algorithm for motion planning and control. The biological antenna model delineates the interested sensing areas, and thus decreases the computational burden. Then, this obtained environment stimulation is responded to generate the corresponding walking behavior according to BioBug. Simulations and experiments have been carried out in different conditions of obstacle density and boundary shape through algorithm comparisons. Compared with the competitors, BioBug is characterized by not only a smaller path length, but also shorter time for obstacle escape. The results demonstrate the practicality, environment robustness, and obstacle avoidance efficiency of the algorithm.
Adaptive manipulation and slippage control of an object in a multi-robot cooperative system
Authors: Jazi Shahram Hadian , Keshmiri Mehdi , Sheikholeslam Farid , Shahreza Mostafa Ghobadi , Keshmiri Mohammad 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYConsidering undesired slippage between manipulated object and finger tips of a multi-robot system, adaptive control synthesis of the object grasping and manipulation is addressed in this paper. Although many studies can be found in the literature dealing with grasp analysis and grasp synthesis, most assume no slippage between the finger tips and the object. Slippage can occur for many reasons such as disturbances, uncertainties in parameters, and dynamics of the system. In this paper, system dynamics is analyzed using a new presentation of friction and slippage dynamics. Then an adaptive control law is proposed for trajectory tracking and slippage control of the object as well as compensation for parameter uncertainties of the system, such as mass properties and coefficients of friction. Stability of the proposed adaptive controller is studied analytically and the performance of the system is studied numerically.
Design and kinematic characterization of a surgical manipulator with a focus on treating osteolysis
Authors: Murphy Ryan J. , Kutzer Michael D. M. , Segreti Sean M. , Lucas Blake C. , Armand Mehran 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a cable-driven dexterous manipulator with a large, open lumen. One specific application for the manipulator is the treatment of the degeneration of bone tissue (osteolysis) during a less-invasive hip revision surgery. Rigid tools used in traditional approaches limit the surgeons' ability to comprehensively treat the osteolysis due to the complex geometries of the lesion. The surgical scenario, testing, kinematic modeling, and image-based inverse kinematics are described. Testing shows 94% coverage of a lesion wall; the kinematic model describes manipulator notch positions within 0.15 mm, while the image-based inverse kinematics has 0.36 mm error. This manipulator is potentially useful in treating osteolytic lesions through (1) effective lesion exploration compared to conventional techniques, and (2) rapidly performing inverse kinematics from visual feedback.
Associations between host characteristics and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellaTyphimurium
Authors: RUDDAT I. , TIETZE E. , ZIEHM D. , KREIENBROCK L. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYA collection ofSalmonellaTyphimurium isolates obtained from sporadic salmonellosis cases in humans from Lower Saxony, Germany between June 2008 and May 2010 was used to perform an exploratory risk-factor analysis on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using comprehensive host information on sociodemographic attributes, medical history, food habits and animal contact. Multivariate resistance profiles of minimum inhibitory concentrations for 13 antimicrobial agents were analysed using a non-parametric approach with multifactorial models adjusted for phage types. Statistically significant associations were observed for consumption of antimicrobial agents, region type and three factors on egg-purchasing behaviour, indicating that besides antimicrobial use the proximity to other community members, health consciousness and other lifestyle-related attributes may play a role in the dissemination of resistances. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase in AMR from the first study year to the second year was observed.
Evidence of the two surface states of (Bi0.53Sb0.47)2Te3 films grown by van der Waals epitaxy
Authors: He Liang , Kou Xufeng , Lang Murong , Choi Eun Sang , Jiang Ying , Nie Tianxiao , Jiang Wanjun , Fan Yabin , Wang Yong , Xiu Faxian , Wang Kang L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe discovery of topological insulators (TIs) has led to numerous exciting opportunities for studying topological states of quantum physics and for exploring spintronic applications due to the new physics arising from their robust metallic surface states. Here, we report the high-quality topological insulator (BixSb1−x)2Te3 thin films using a single van der Waals GaSe buffer layer. As a result, ultra-low surface carrier density of 1.3 × 1012 cm−2 and a high Hall mobility of 3100 cm2/Vs have been achieved for (Bi0.53Sb0.47)2Te3. The high-quality films enable us to observe quantum oscillations associated with the top and bottom surface states and to manipulate the Dirac electrons and bulk holes' conduction properties. The observation of the two surface states may lead to a path towards the implementation of TIs in spintronics.
Eating up the world’s food web and the human trophic level
Authors: Bonhommeau Sylvain , Dubroca Laurent , Le Pape Olivier , Barde Julien , Kaplan David M. , Chassot Emmanuel , Nieblas Anne-Elise 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Here we combine ecological theory, demography, and socio-economics to calculate the human trophic level (HTL) and position humans in the context of the food web. Trophic levels are a measure of diet composition and are a basic metric in ecology, but have never been calculated for humans. In the global food web, we discover that humans are similar to anchovy or pigs and cannot be considered apex predators. In addition, we show that, although countries have diverse diets, there are just five major groups of countries with similar dietary trends. We find significant links between HTL and important World Bank development indicators, giving insights into the relationship between socio-economic, environmental, and health conditions and changing dietary patterns.
Optimal control of gene expression for fast proteome adaptation to environmental change
Authors: Pavlov Michael Y. , Ehrenberg Måns 
Published: December 2013

Significance
For rapid growth in different environments, bacterial cells must perpetually adapt their enzyme levels to efficiently metabolize different sets of nutrients in different surroundings. When environmental shifts are frequent and swift, the bacteria must rapidly adjust the levels of all their different proteins—their proteome. We have theoretically identified the best gene-expression strategy for rapid proteome adjustment upon environmental change and found simple, general descriptions for the dynamic change of the proteome composition and the adaptation time following such optimal strategy. Our work predicts important aspects of bacterial physiology and connects it with the population genetics and evolution of bacterial populations. Our theory is relevant to understanding antibiotic resistance and the development of strategies for maximal biomass production.
Revisiting Darwin's conundrum reveals a twist on the relationship between phylogenetic distance and invasibility
Authors: Jones Emily I. , Nuismer Scott L. , Gomulkiewicz Richard 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceThe application of phylogenetics is rapidly growing in many areas of biology. In invasion biology, phylogenetic information is now being used in an attempt to understand and predict species invasions. However, there is only a weak foundation for the prevalent predictions of how the phylogenetic distance between native and nonnative species should be related to the invasion success of the nonnative species. In this paper, a mechanistic model of species interactions and evolution is used to generate a unique set of predictions. These predictions deviate significantly from those assumed previously, suggesting that current explanations of phylogenetic distance–invasion relationships must be reevaluated. More generally, the results highlight the importance of considering the details of community processes when interpreting phylogenetic patterns.
GluN3A expression restricts spine maturation via inhibition of GIT1/Rac1 signaling
Authors: Fiuza Maria , González-González Immaculada , Pérez-Otaño Isabel 
Published: December 2013

Significance
More than 95% of excitatory synaptic contacts form on spines, highly motile dendritic protrusions that emerge, grow, or disappear in response to specific patterns of synaptic activity. This physical rearrangement is most prominent during critical periods of early postnatal life, when young brains are reshaped by experience to encode certain kinds of information. We reveal a mechanism whereby juvenile NMDA-type glutamate receptors containing GluN3A subunits regulate spine rearrangements by controlling the function of G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein (GIT1). GIT1 is a postsynaptic scaffold that couples stimuli promoting spine maturation to sustained cytoskeletal rearrangements. Binding to GluN3A limits the synaptic targeting of GIT1 and its ability to recruit actin regulators in an activity-dependent manner, providing a mechanism to limit the maturation of nonused synapses.
Molecular-scale hydrophobic interactions between hard-sphere reference solutes are attractive and endothermic
Authors: Chaudhari Mangesh I. , Holleran Sinead A. , Ashbaugh Henry S. , Pratt Lawrence R. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Hydrophobic interactions and other solvent-mediated noncovalent interactions are decisive for the stability and functionality of biomolecular structures over an extended range of conditions. A molecular theory should explain characteristic temperature dependences and help in modeling biomolecular structures and functions. So far, there has been just one theory of hydrophobic interactions, the Pratt–Chandler (PC) theory. The PC theory has not been definitively tested because of lack of quantitative correspondence between systems convenient for theory, simulation, and experiment. The present work adapts simulation results to atomic-scale hard-core models of the PC theory. Surprisingly, from the perspective of the PC theory, these results show that atomic-scale hydrophobic interactions between hard-sphere solutes are attractive and endothermic, thereby identifying a target for improved theories.
On the materials basis of modern society
Authors: Graedel T. E. , Harper E. M. , Nassar N. T. , Reck Barbara K. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Modern life is enabled by the use of materials in its technologies. Over time, these technologies have used a larger and more diverse array of materials. Elemental life cycle analyses yield an understanding of these materials, and a definite concern that arises is that of possible scarcity of some of the elements as their use increases. We studied substitution potential for 62 different metals in their major uses. For a dozen different metals, the potential substitutes for their major uses are either inadequate or appear not to exist at all. Further, for not 1 of the 62 metals are exemplary substitutes available for all major uses.
Oxytocin enhances brain function in children with autism
Authors: Gordon Ilanit , Vander Wyk Brent C. , Bennett Randi H. , Cordeaux Cara , Lucas Molly V. , Eilbott Jeffrey A. , Zagoory-Sharon Orna , Leckman James F. , Feldman Ruth , Pelphrey Kevin A. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceThis article presents our discovery that intranasal administration of oxytocin enhances activity in the brain for socially meaningful stimuli and attenuates its response to nonsocially meaningful stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as measured via functional MRI. We also identified a relationship between changes in salivary oxytocin following administration and enhancements in brain function. These discoveries are particularly important given the urgent need for treatments that target the core social dysfunction in ASD. The functional neural attunement we demonstrated might facilitate social learning, thus potentially bringing about long-term change in neural systems and subsequent behavioral improvements. Our results illustrate the power of a translational neuroscience approach to facilitate the development of pharmacological interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD.
Akt activation enhances ribosomal RNA synthesis through casein kinase II and TIF-IA
Authors: Nguyen Le Xuan Truong , Mitchell Beverly S. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Ribosomal proteins are synthesized in the nucleolus under the control of a number of repetitive DNA elements and are required for cell proliferation. Cancer cells frequently contain mutations that activate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. This study shows that activation of Akt enhances the transcription of ribosomal genes by stabilizing a protein, transcription initiation factor I (TIF-IA), which is essential for the transcription of ribosomal DNA. Activated Akt also increases ribosomal RNA synthesis by phosphorylating casein kinase 2, which in turn phosphorylates and enhances the activity of TIF-IA. These results demonstrate new mechanisms by which the activation of Akt can promote tumor cell proliferation and further support the targeting of activated Akt as a potential therapy for certain cancers.
MuSK IgG4 autoantibodies cause myasthenia gravis by inhibiting binding between MuSK and Lrp4
Authors: Huijbers Maartje G. , Zhang Wei , Klooster Rinse , Niks Erik H. , Friese Matthew B. , Straasheijm Kirsten R. , Thijssen Peter E. , Vrolijk Hans , Plomp Jaap J. , Vogels Pauline , Losen Mario , Van der Maarel Silvère M. , Burden Steven J. , Verschuuren Jan J. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceMuSK myasthenia gravis (MG) is a debilitating autoimmune disease: one-third of MuSK MG patients experience a life-threatening respiratory crisis, and long-term immunosuppression is the only current treatment option. Here we show that pathogenic human IgG4 MuSK antibodies bind to the first Ig-like domain in MuSK and prevent Lrp4 from binding MuSK, thereby inhibiting Agrin-stimulated MuSK phosphorylation. This inhibitory mechanism is likely responsible for disrupting the structure of the synapse, compromising synaptic transmission and causing disease. Our findings therefore suggest that therapeutic strategies designed to increase MuSK activity may prove effective in treating MuSK MG. Moreover, our studies provide mechanistic understanding of an IgG4-mediated autoimmune disease and may shed light on the mechanisms of other IgG4-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Predicting the X-ray lifetime of protein crystals
Authors: Zeldin Oliver B. , Brockhauser Sandor , Bremridge John , Holton James M. , Garman Elspeth F. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Most atomic-resolution protein structures are determined by growing protein crystals, then exposing them to intense X-ray beams. The pattern of scattered X-rays can be used to find the atomic structure of the protein. A major drawback of this technique is that absorbed X-rays damage the fragile protein crystals. We present a method for determining how long a protein crystal will last in the X-ray beam, and for evaluating specific data-collection strategies in terms of how many data are acquired per unit damage caused. By way of example, we show that a small change in the typical experimental geometry can allow large crystals to be exposed for longer, giving better data quality and resulting in lower levels of damage.
Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain
Authors: Ingalhalikar Madhura , Smith Alex , Parker Drew , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Elliott Mark A. , Ruparel Kosha , Hakonarson Hakon , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Verma Ragini 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Sex differences are of high scientific and societal interest because of their prominence in behavior of humans and nonhuman species. This work is highly significant because it studies a very large population of 949 youths (8–22 y, 428 males and 521 females) using the diffusion-based structural connectome of the brain, identifying novel sex differences. The results establish that male brains are optimized for intrahemispheric and female brains for interhemispheric communication. The developmental trajectories of males and females separate at a young age, demonstrating wide differences during adolescence and adulthood. The observations suggest that male brains are structured to facilitate connectivity between perception and coordinated action, whereas female brains are designed to facilitate communication between analytical and intuitive processing modes.
Male contraception via simultaneous knockout of α
1A
-adrenoceptors and P2X1-purinoceptors in mice
Authors: White Carl W. , Choong Yan-Ting , Short Jennifer L. , Exintaris Betty , Malone Daniel T. , Allen Andrew M. , Evans Richard J. , Ventura Sabatino 
Published: December 2013

Significance
The search for a viable male contraceptive target has been a medical challenge for many years. Most strategies have focused on hormonal or germ-line strategies to produce dysfunctional sperm that are incapable of fertilization. The problem with such approaches is that they have intolerable side effects such as affecting male sexual activity or causing long-term irreversible effects on fertility. In addition, some strategies may transmit detrimental changes to future offspring. This manuscript describes a male contraceptive target within the autonomic nervous system, which would not affect the long-term viability of sperm nor the sexual or general health of males. In addition, due to the nature of the target, the contraceptive has the potential to be orally administered.
Lnk adaptor suppresses radiation resistance and radiation-induced B-cell malignancies by inhibiting IL-11 signaling
Authors: Louria-Hayon Igal , Frelin Catherine , Ruston Julie , Gish Gerald , Jin Jing , Kofler Michael M. , Lambert Jean-Philippe , Adissu Hibret A. , Milyavsky Michael , Herrington Robert , Minden Mark D. , Dick John E. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Iscove Norman N. , Pawson Tony 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Recurrence of cancer in patients treated with radiation therapy infers that tumor cells have the capacity to escape the lethal effects of irradiation. Surviving tumor cells rely on signaling pathways triggered by hematopoietic interleukins in a mechanism that is poorly understood. We find that the adaptor protein Lnk is key in this process, acting as a negative regulator of interleukin 11 survival signaling. In Lnk knockout derived mice, hematopoietic stem cells have a marked level of irradiation resistance, causing B-cell malignancies. Such observations are consistent with the physiology seen in a subset of human leukemia patients that have Lnk gene mutations. Inhibition of interleukin 11 signaling in the mouse model circumvented this irradiation-resistance phenomenon and is suggestive of a potential for therapeutic intervention.