bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experience sampling study of expressing affect, daily affective well‐being, relationship quality, and perceived performance
Authors: Daniels Kevin , Glover Jane , Mellor Nadine 
Published: June 2014

Few studies have directly examined the processes through which workers use job resources, such as job control and social support, to regulate affect. We focused on affective expression, which is a specific form of affect regulation. We investigated the extent to which workers used both job control and social support to express affect. Thirty‐nine call centre workers provided data up to four times a day over five consecutive working days (number of observations = 272). Executing job control to allow workers to express affect was related to using social support to express affect. Workers' understanding of their personal goals mediated relationships between using social support to express affect and four outcomes (negative affect, positive affect, perceived performance, and quality of workplace relationships). Perceived empathy mediated relationships between using social support to express affect and three outcomes (negative affect, positive affect, and quality of workplace relationships). The findings indicated that (1) one job resource can be used to facilitate using another job resource for affect regulation and (2) different job resources may play different roles in conferring benefits from affective expression.Practitioner points

Jobs cannot be treated as static entities with fixed characteristics. Rather workers will use resources embedded in job design for specific purposes.

Job redesign interventions intended to enhance affective well‐being need to take account of the social and cognitive processes that mediate the relationship between work and affective well‐being.

Job redesign interventions need to integrate information about dynamic processes in which use of one job resource can enable use of another job resource.
Below‐ground competition drives the self‐thinning process of Stipa purpurea populations in northern Tibet
Authors: Zhu Juntao , Jiang Lin , Zhang Yangjian , Jiang Yanbin , Tao Jian , Tian Li , Zhang Tao , Xi Yi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractQuestionsAbove‐ground, below‐ground and individual mass–density relationships for perennial herbs were examined along a natural precipitation gradient in northern Tibet. We asked: (1) how do the self‐thinning exponents respond to variation in precipitation; and (2) what mechanisms drive the observed population self‐thinning?LocationThe alpine grassland of northern Tibet.MethodsForty‐seven fenced sites along a precipitation gradient were established and surveyed in 2011 and 2012. Data (geographic coordinates, elevation, and vegetation information) were collected for Stipa purpurea populations at each site. Population self‐thinning exponents were estimated using reduced major axis regression.ResultsThe self‐thinning exponents for below‐ground (−1.27, −0.47) and individual biomass (−1.26, −0.46) increased with increasing mean annual precipitation, but those for above‐ground biomass decreased with precipitation (0.18, −0.25). Soil resources (moisture and nutrients) are a more important constraining factor for below‐ground components than light is for above‐ground components. Root competition for below‐ground resources dominated in S. purpurea population self‐thinning. The driving force of density regulation changed from above‐ground competition to below‐ground competition with increased drought stress. Our results indicate that an increased root/shoot ratio was linked to enhanced below‐ground competition and weakened above‐ground competition. Our study further confirmed the hypothesis that plant populations in different environments exhibit different biomass allocation patterns, which, in turn, leads to different biomass–density relationships.ConclusionsOur study revealed the mechanisms of population self‐thinning for perennial herbs in the extreme environment of northern Tibet, where below‐ground processes play a critical role in regulating population self‐thinning. Our study also advances understanding of the interactions between above‐ and below‐ground processes, providing baseline knowledge useful for local grassland management.
Being depleted and being shaken: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiential features of a first episode of depression
Authors: Smith Jonathan A. , Rhodes John E. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesThis article presents a detailed idiographic analysis of patients' experience of first‐episode depression.DesignThis is a qualitative interview study using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of seven patients presenting to a mental health service in London, UK with symptoms of first‐episode major depression. There were four males and three females; mean age was 44 years. Interviews were audio‐recorded and subjected to IPA.ResultsParticipants described a significant loss event prior to onset of depression. The depression involved a major diminishing of the life‐world with relational, corporeal, and temporal depletion. This depletion was accompanied in each case by occasional extreme emotions, frenzied thoughts, confused sense of self.ConclusionsDepression can represent a major existential threat to the sufferer. We discuss how our findings can illuminate the extant literature. The study suggests the value of exploring these existential features in early therapy.Practitioner points

Offers a detailed phenomenological analysis of core experiential features of first episode depression: being alone, being empty, life is over.

Also reveals an unstable dynamic of major psychological depletion interrupted by emotional and cognitive agitation involving confusion, lack of confidence, and/or trust.

Provides rationale and material for intensive exploration of these features in therapy.
Characterization of products of theta divisors
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Lahoz Martí , Tirabassi Sofia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe study products of irreducible theta divisors from two points of view. On the one hand, we characterize them as normal subvarieties of abelian varieties such that a desingularization has holomorphic Euler characteristic$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1$. On the other hand, we identify them up to birational equivalence among all varieties of maximal Albanese dimension. We also describe the structure of varieties$X$of maximal Albanese dimension, with holomorphic Euler characteristic$1$and irregularity$2\dim X-1$.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st Century: Past, Evolution, and Future
Authors: Unemo Magnus , Shafer William M. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is evolving into a superbug with resistance to previously and currently recommended antimicrobials for treatment of gonorrhea, which is a major public health concern globally. Given the global nature of gonorrhea, the high rate of usage of antimicrobials, suboptimal control and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and treatment failures, slow update of treatment guidelines in most geographical settings, and the extraordinary capacity of the gonococci to develop and retain AMR, it is likely that the global problem of gonococcal AMR will worsen in the foreseeable future and that the severe complications of gonorrhea will emerge as a silent epidemic. By understanding the evolution, emergence, and spread of AMR in
N. gonorrhoeae
, including its molecular and phenotypic mechanisms, resistance to antimicrobials used clinically can be anticipated, future methods for genetic testing for AMR might permit region-specific and tailor-made antimicrobial therapy, and the design of novel antimicrobials to circumvent the resistance problems can be undertaken more rationally. This review focuses on the history and evolution of gonorrhea treatment regimens and emerging resistance to them, on genetic and phenotypic determinants of gonococcal resistance to previously and currently recommended antimicrobials, including biological costs or benefits; and on crucial actions and future advances necessary to detect and treat resistant gonococcal strains and, ultimately, retain gonorrhea as a treatable infection.
Molecular and Nonmolecular Diagnostic Methods for Invasive Fungal Infections
Authors: Arvanitis Marios , Anagnostou Theodora , Fuchs Beth Burgwyn , Caliendo Angela M. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYInvasive fungal infections constitute a serious threat to an ever-growing population of immunocompromised individuals and other individuals at risk. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as histopathology and culture, which are still considered the gold standards, have low sensitivity, which underscores the need for the development of new means of detecting fungal infectious agents. Indeed, novel serologic and molecular techniques have been developed and are currently under clinical evaluation. Tests like the galactomannan antigen test for aspergillosis and the β-glucan test for invasiveCandidaspp. and molds, as well as other antigen and antibody tests, forCryptococcusspp.,Pneumocystisspp., and dimorphic fungi, have already been established as important diagnostic approaches and are implemented in routine clinical practice. On the other hand, PCR and other molecular approaches, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH), have proved promising in clinical trials but still need to undergo standardization before their clinical use can become widespread. The purpose of this review is to highlight the different diagnostic approaches that are currently utilized or under development for invasive fungal infections and to identify their performance characteristics and the challenges associated with their use.
The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation
Authors: Sponseller Jerlyn K. , Griffiths Jeffrey K. , Tzipori Saul 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY

The protozoan parasite
Cryptosporidium
infects all major vertebrate groups and causes significant diarrhea in humans, with a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Children and immunodeficient individuals are disproportionately affected, especially in developing countries, where cryptosporidiosis contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in preschool-age children. Despite the enormous disease burden from cryptosporidiosis, no antiprotozoal agent or vaccine exists for effective treatment or prevention. Cryptosporidiosis involving the respiratory tract has been described for avian species and mammals, including immunocompromised humans. Recent evidence indicates that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea and unexplained cough. Findings from animal models, human case reports, and a few epidemiological studies suggest that
Cryptosporidium
may be transmitted via respiratory secretions, in addition to the more recognized fecal-oral route. It is postulated that transmission of
Cryptosporidium
oocysts may occur by inhalation of aerosolized droplets or by contact with fomites contaminated by coughing. Delineating the role of the respiratory tract in disease transmission may provide necessary evidence to establish further guidelines for prevention of cryptosporidiosis.
Biosensors for Whole-Cell Bacterial Detection
Authors: Ahmed Asif , Rushworth Jo V. , Hirst Natalie A. , Millner Paul A. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY
Bacterial pathogens are important targets for detection and identification in medicine, food safety, public health, and security. Bacterial infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of the availability of antibiotics, these infections are often misdiagnosed or there is an unacceptable delay in diagnosis. Current methods of bacterial detection rely upon laboratory-based techniques such as cell culture, microscopic analysis, and biochemical assays. These procedures are time-consuming and costly and require specialist equipment and trained users. Portable stand-alone biosensors can facilitate rapid detection and diagnosis at the point of care. Biosensors will be particularly useful where a clear diagnosis informs treatment, in critical illness (e.g., meningitis) or to prevent further disease spread (e.g., in case of food-borne pathogens or sexually transmitted diseases). Detection of bacteria is also becoming increasingly important in antibioterrorism measures (e.g., anthrax detection). In this review, we discuss recent progress in the use of biosensors for the detection of whole bacterial cells for sensitive and earlier identification of bacteria without the need for sample processing. There is a particular focus on electrochemical biosensors, especially impedance-based systems, as these present key advantages in terms of ease of miniaturization, lack of reagents, sensitivity, and low cost.
Primary mesenchymal stem cells in human transplanted lungs are CD90/CD105 perivascularly located tissue-resident cells
Authors: Rolandsson Sara , Andersson Sjöland Annika , Brune Jan C , Li Hongzhe , Kassem Moustapha , Mertens Fredrik , Westergren Albert , Eriksson Leif , Hansson Lennart , Skog Ingrid , Bjermer Leif , Scheding Stefan , Westergren-Thorsson Gunilla 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have not only been implicated in the development of lung diseases, but they have also been proposed as a future cell-based therapy for lung diseases. However, the cellular identity of the primary MSC in human lung tissues has not yet been reported. This study therefore aimed to identify and characterise the ‘bona fide’ MSC in human lungs and to investigate if the MSC numbers correlate with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung-transplanted patients.MethodsPrimary lung MSC were directly isolated or culture-derived from central and peripheral transbronchial biopsies of lung-transplanted patients and evaluated using a comprehensive panel of in vitro and in vivo assays.ResultsPrimary MSC were enriched in the CD90/CD105 mononuclear cell fraction with mesenchymal progenitor frequencies of up to four colony-forming units, fibroblast/100 cells. In situ staining of lung tissues revealed that CD90/CD105 MSCs were located perivascularly. MSC were tissue-resident and exclusively donor lung-derived even in biopsies obtained from patients as long as 16 years after transplantation. Culture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells showed typical in vitro MSC properties; however, xenotransplantation into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice showed that lung MSC readily differentiated into adipocytes and stromal tissues, but lacked significant in vivo bone formation.ConclusionsThese data clearly demonstrate that primary MSC in human lung tissues are not only tissue resident but also tissue-specific. The identification and phenotypic characterisation of primary lung MSC is an important first step in identifying the role of MSC in normal lung physiology and pulmonary diseases.
Synonymy of Reinholdina deelemanorum Giachino &amp; Moravec, 2009 (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Leptodirini)
Authors: Lakota Ján , Hlaváč Peter , Lohaj Roman , Čeplík Dávid 
Published: June 2014

Reinholdina deelemanorum Giachino & Moravec, 2009 is a junior synonym of Parapropus neumanni Müller, 1911. The genus Reinholdina Giachino & Moravec, 2009 is placed in the synonymy with Parapropus Ganglbauer, 1899.
GPs Meet Rare Lung Disorders Task Force factsheet: childhood interstitial lung disease
Authors: de Jongste Johan C. 
Published: June 2014

DefinitionChildhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) includes a range of rare disorders of the lung parenchyma (and, sometimes, airways) that have certain clinical features in common. Specific conditions within chILD include surfactant protein B or C deficiency, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of lung veins, pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, alveolar proteinosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, sarcoidosis, lung alveolar proteinosis, and Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis. chILD may complicate other disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and liver disease. In many children with chILD, no specific diagnosis can be made.Key messagesThink about chILD if a child has chronic, unremitting tachypnoea, retractions, crackles and failure to thrive. Symptoms of early chILD are very unspecific and may be missed unless there is a high level of suspicion.Refer the patient to a specialist centre in paediatric pulmonology.Follow your patient longitudinally in collaboration with the reference centre, and be alert to comorbidities, complications of disease or treatment, or signs of recurrent or worsening lung disease.
Childhood asthma phenotypes in the twenty-first century
Authors: John Henderson A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryA substantial proportion of asthma has its origins in childhood but attempts to identify modifiable exposures that trigger asthma inception have yielded disappointing results. It is increasingly recognised that asthma may not be a single disease entity but instead consists of a number of phenotypes that share common features perhaps with different aetiologies and pathophysiological pathways leading to disease.The aim of this review is to describe approaches to defining asthma phenotypes on the basis of clinical and epidemiological data and to consider the clinical implications of the phenotypes described. Differences in clinical features (atopy, lung function, prognosis) have been associated with phenotypes derived from unsupervised statistical approaches to phenotype definitions. Greater understanding of the genetic pathways underpinning asthma has also led to some insights into asthma endotypes that manifest as different clinical phenotypes. However, the challenge to translate these findings into interventions to change the natural history of asthma has yet to be overcome. Technological advances are driving the creation of massive data resources that can be brought to bear on this problem. Whether they will finally solve the problem of phenotypic complexity in asthma remains to be discovered. If they do, the possibility of personalised interventions for asthma may eventually be realised.
Adaptive evolution and divergent expression of heat stress transcription factors in grasses
Authors: Yang Zefeng , Wang Yifan , Gao Yun , Zhou Yong , Zhang Enying , Hu Yunyun , Yuan Yuan , Liang Guohua , Xu Chenwu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) regulate gene expression in response to heat and many other environmental stresses in plants. Understanding the adaptive evolution of Hsf genes in the grass family will provide potentially useful information for the genetic improvement of modern crops to handle increasing global temperatures.

Results
In this work, we performed a genome-wide survey of Hsf genes in 5 grass species, including rice, maize, sorghum, Setaria, and Brachypodium, by describing their phylogenetic relationships, adaptive evolution, and expression patterns under abiotic stresses. The Hsf genes in grasses were divided into 24 orthologous gene clusters (OGCs) based on phylogeneitc relationship and synteny, suggesting that 24 Hsf genes were present in the ancestral grass genome. However, 9 duplication and 4 gene-loss events were identified in the tested genomes. A maximum-likelihood analysis revealed the effects of positive selection in the evolution of 11 OGCs and suggested that OGCs with duplicated or lost genes were more readily influenced by positive selection than other OGCs. Further investigation revealed that positive selection acted on only one of the duplicated genes in 8 of 9 paralogous pairs, suggesting that neofunctionalization contributed to the evolution of these duplicated pairs. We also investigated the expression patterns of rice and maize Hsf genes under heat, salt, drought, and cold stresses. The results revealed divergent expression patterns between the duplicated genes.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that neofunctionalization by changes in expression pattern and function following gene duplication has been an important factor in the maintenance and divergence of grass Hsf genes.
A qualitative analysis of information sharing for children with medical complexity within and across health care organizations
Authors: Quigley Laura , Lacombe-Duncan Ashley , Adams Sherri , Moore Hepburn Charlotte , Cohen Eyal 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundChildren with medical complexity (CMC) are characterized by substantial family-identified service needs, chronic and severe conditions, functional limitations, and high health care use. Information exchange is critically important in high quality care of complex patients at high risk for poor care coordination. Written care plans for CMC are an excellent test case for how well information sharing is currently occurring. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to and facilitators of information sharing for CMC across providers, care settings, and families.MethodsA qualitative study design with data analysis informed by a grounded theory approach was utilized. Two independent coders conducted secondary analysis of interviews with parents of CMC and health care professionals involved in the care of CMC, collected from two studies of healthcare service delivery for this population. Additional interviews were conducted with privacy officers of associated organizations to supplement these data. Emerging themes related to barriers and facilitators to information sharing were identified by the two coders and the research team, and a theory of facilitators and barriers to information exchange evolved.ResultsBarriers to information sharing were related to one of three major themes; 1) the lack of an integrated, accessible, secure platform on which summative health care information is stored, 2) fragmentation of the current health system, and 3) the lack of consistent policies, standards, and organizational priorities across organizations for information sharing. Facilitators of information sharing were related to improving accessibility to a common document, expanding the use of technology, and improving upon a structured communication plan.ConclusionsFindings informed a model of how various barriers to information sharing interact to prevent optimal information sharing both within and across organizations and how the use of technology to improve communication and access to information can act as a solution.
Malawer limb salvage surgery for the treatment of scapular chondrosarcoma
Authors: Chang Fei , Liu Guang-Yao , Zhang Qiao , Lin Gang , Huang Hong , Duan De-Sheng , Wang Jin-Cheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChondrosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor, which accounts for 20% of all malignant bone tumors. It often occurs in the long bones, but the incidence of scapular chondrosarcoma is rare. Here, we describe a case of a large chondrosarcoma occurring in the scapula which was treated with Malawer limb salvage surgery. The patient retained considerable limb function after complete removal of the tumor tissue as assessed at the follow-up visit two years and ten months following surgery.