bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of prostate cancer diagnosis in patients receiving unrelated urological and non‐urological cancer care
Authors: Corcoran Anthony T. , Smaldone Marc C. , Egleston Brian L. , Simhan Jay , Ginzburg Serge , Morgan Todd M. , Walton John , Chen David Y.T. , Viterbo Rosalia , Greenberg Richard E. , Uzzo Robert G. , Kutikov Alexander 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To evaluate prostate cancer diagnosis rates and survival outcomes in patients receiving unrelated (non‐prostate) urological care with those in patients receiving non‐urological care.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a population‐based study using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to identify men who underwent surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 18 188) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC; n = 45 093) between 1992 and 2008.
Using SEER*stat software to estimate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), we investigated rates of prostate cancer diagnosis in patients with RCC and patients with CRC.
Adjusting for patient age, race and year of diagnosis on multivariate analysis, we used Cox and Fine and Gray proportional hazards regressions to evaluate overall and disease‐specific survival endpoints.
Results
The observed incidence of prostate cancer was higher in both the patients with RCC and those with CRC: SIR = 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–1.46) vs 1.06 (95% CI 1.02–1.11). Adjusted prostate cancer SIRs were 30% higher (P < 0.001) in patients with RCC.
Overall (hazard ratio = 1.13, P < 0.001) and primary cancer‐adjusted mortalities (sub‐distribution Hazard Ratio (sHR) = 1.17, P < 0.001) were higher in patients with RCC with no significant difference in prostate cancer‐specific mortality (sHR = 0.827, P = 0.391).
Conclusion
Rates of prostate cancer diagnosis were higher in patients with RCC (a cohort with unrelated urological cancer care) than in those with CRC. Despite higher overall mortality in patients with RCC, prostate cancer‐specific survival was similar in both groups.
Opportunities may exist to better target prostate cancer screening in patients who receive non‐prostate‐related urological care. Furthermore, urologists should not feel obligated to perform prostate‐specific antigen screening for all patients receiving non‐prostate‐related urological care.
Patterns of management and surveillance imaging amongst medical oncologists in Australia for stage I testicular cancer
Authors: Grimison Peter , Houghton Baerin , Chatfield Mark , Toner Guy C. , Davis Ian D. , Martin Jarad , Hovey Elizabeth , Stockler Martin R. 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To determine the patterns of management and surveillance imaging amongst medical oncologists in Australia for stage I testicular cancer during 2010.
Methods
We conducted a survey comprising 14 questions about the management strategy and surveillance imaging for all patients with stage I testicular cancer treated over the previous 12 months.
Results
A total of 52 medical oncologists documented the management for an estimated 470 patients.
For seminoma, management was in the form of surveillance in 33%, radiotherapy in 5% and adjuvant carboplatin in 62% of patients.
For non‐seminoma, management was surveillance in 73%, adjuvant chemotherapy in 23% and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 4% of patients.
The frequency of surveillance imaging was highly variable, and ≥10 computed tomography (CT) scans were used by 38% of clinicians for seminoma and 46% of clinicians for non‐seminoma.
Conclusion
We found considerable variation in management patterns. The infrequent use of surveillance and frequent use of carboplatin for seminoma differs from international guidelines.
Radiation exposure from CT imaging should be reduced through standardized follow‐up protocols, and possibly by alternate imaging methods if validated in appropriate studies.
Predictive factors of complications after robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Mathieu Romain , Verhoest Gregory , Droupy Stéphane , de la Taille Alexandre , Bruyere Franck , Doumerc Nicolas , Rischmann Pascal , Vaessen Christophe , Roupret Morgan , Bensalah Karim 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To analyse the predictive factors of complications after robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN).
Materials and Methods
Data from six French institutions on 240 patients who underwent RALPN between 2009 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.
Clinical (age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists and Charlson comorbidity index scores, anticoagulant treatment), tumoral (size, R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score) and operative (surgeon experience, blood loss, opening of the collecting system, operating time) variables were considered.
Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to assess the impact of these variables on the occurrence of global and major postoperative complications, classified according to the Clavien system.
Results
The median (range) patient age was 61 (26–83) years. Tumours were of low complexity in 62% of cases. Median (range) operating time, blood loss and warm ischaemia time were 161 (45–425) min, 100 (0–2500) mL and 20 (0–59) min, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in 79 (33%) patients. Complications were ≥grade III in 25 (10%) patients and were mostly haemorrhagic.
In multivariate analysis, surgeon's experience (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.14 [1.07–4.27], P = 0.03) and blood loss (HR: 1.002 [1.001–1.003], P < 0.001) were independent predictors of overall complications. When considering major complications, opening of the collecting system was the only factor that was significant (OR: 2.99 [1.2–7.26], P = 0.02). Nephrometry R.E.N.A.L. score was not associated with postoperative complications.
Conclusion
In our experience, RALPN is associated with a 30% risk of postoperative complications; surgeon's experience, blood loss and opening of the collecting system were the three predictors of postoperative complications.
Single‐port transvesical laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for organ‐confined prostate cancer: technique and outcomes
Authors: Gao Xin , Pang Jun , Si‐tu Jie , Luo Yun , Zhang Hao , Li Liao‐yuan , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2013

Objective
To report a novel technique for performing single‐port transvesical laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (STLRP) and to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes in 16 patients with organ‐confined prostate cancer.
Patients and Methods
In total, 16 consecutive patients with clinical stage T1‐2aN0M0 were scheduled for STLRP, and their continence and erectile status were investigated preoperatively.
The patients' mean age was 62 years, mean prostate volume 42 mL and mean prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) 7.5 ng/mL.
The STLRP procedures were performed by a single surgeon, and all the operating procedures were conducted transvesically and laparoscopically.
Intra‐operative and postoperative complications, assessed according to the modified Clavien system, were recorded and peri‐operative and functional outcome data were analysed.
All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months postoperatively through PSA detection, daily pads, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)‐6 score and urography.
Results
All of the 16 STLRP procedures were successfully completed. The mean (range) operation duration was 105 (75–180) min, and the mean (range) estimated blood loss was 130 (75–500) mL. No patients had positive surgical margins. Postoperative complications occurred in five patients, including three cases of urinary infection and two cases of haematuria (grade II). Catheters were removed after a mean (range) time of 11.2 (9–14) days with cystography. The mean (range) hospital stay was 12.7 (10–15) days.
Of the 16 patients, 13 were immediately continent (0 pads/day), and three had mild incontinence (2–3 pads/day) after catheter removal. All patients were observed as continent 3 months postoperatively.
In total, 10/16 and 12/16 patients achieved a satisfactory erection at 6 and 12 months follow‐up postoperatively, respectively, with an IIEF‐6 score ≥ 18.
The mean postoperative PSA levels at 3, 6 and 12 months were 0.015 ng/mL, 0.017 ng/mL and 0.016 ng/mL, respectively. No patients were identified with biochemical recurrence in this series. No patients demonstrated vesico‐urethral stricture during follow‐up for 12–24 months.
Conclusions
We conclude that STLRP is technically feasible for patients with low‐risk organ‐confined prostate cancer and demonstrates promising functional outcomes regarding continence and potency.
Study of Binding Thermodynamics in the Optimization of BH3 Mimetics
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Zhao Yan , Song Ting , Liu Yubo , Li Xiangqian , Su Pengchen , Xie Shenghui 
Published: May 2013

The use of small molecule B‐cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3 mimetics to neutralize the B‐cell lymphoma 2 protein is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment due to its ability to cause targeted cell apoptosis. We have previously reported the design and optimization of a series of B‐cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3‐mimetics, called compounds 1–6. In this study, we evaluated the optimization of B‐cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3‐mimetics from a thermodynamic perspective. Understanding the thermodynamic parameters of B‐cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3‐mimetics plays a critical role in the development of B‐cell lymphoma 2 small‐molecule inhibitors. The thermodynamic parameters for the interactions of these compounds with the myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 protein were obtained using isothermal titration calorimetry. Owing to compounds 1–6 overcoming enthalpy–entropy compensation, the affinities of them improved gradually. Toward binding to the myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 protein, compound 6 was deemed optimal with an obtained Kd value of 238 nm, which is a 104‐fold improvement compared with 1. Analysis of the enthalpy and −TΔS efficiencies showed that ligand efficiencies with respect to molecular size are correlated with the enthalpic efficiencies. Notably, an enthalpy gain of 4.65 kcal/mol identified that an additional hydrogen bond is formed by 2 with myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 compared with compound 1. For the first time, hydrogen bonding between a small‐molecule inhibitor of B‐cell lymphoma 2 was demonstrated experimentally.
Toward an Efficient Approach to Identify Molecular Scaffolds Possessing Selective or Promiscuous Compounds
Authors: Yongye Austin B. , Medina‐Franco José L. 
Published: May 2013

The concept of a recurrent scaffold present in a series of structures is common in medicinal drug discovery. We present a scaffold analysis of compounds screened across 100 sequence‐unrelated proteins to identify scaffolds that drive promiscuity or selectivity. Selectivity and promiscuity play a major role in traditional and poly‐pharmacological drug design considerations. The collection employed here is the first publicly available data set containing the complete screening profiles of more than 15 000 compounds from different sources. In addition, no scaffold analysis of this data set has been reported. The protocol described here employs the Molecular Equivalence Index tool to facilitate the selection of Bemis–Murcko frameworks in the data set, which contain at least five compounds and Scaffold Hunter to generate a hierarchical tree of scaffolds. The annotation of the scaffold tree with protein‐binding profile data enabled the successful identification of mostly highly specific compounds, due to data set constraints. We also applied this approach to a public set of 1497 small molecules screened non‐uniformly across a panel of 172 protein kinases. The approach is general and can be applied to any other data sets and activity readout.
In-vivostimulation of macaque natural killer T cells with α-galactosylceramide
Authors: Fernandez C S , Jegaskanda S , Godfrey D I , Kent S J 
Published: May 2013

SummaryNatural killer T cells are a potent mediator of anti-viral immunity in mice, but little is known about the effects of manipulating NKT cells in non-human primates. We evaluated the delivery of the NKT cell ligand, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), in 27 macaques by studying the effects of different dosing (1–100 μg), and delivery modes [directly intravenously (i.v.) or pulsed onto blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells]. We found that peripheral NKT cells were depleted transiently from the periphery following α-GalCer administration across all delivery modes, particularly in doses of ≥10 μg. Furthermore, NKT cell numbers frequently remained depressed at i.v. α-GalCer doses of &gt;10 μg. Levels of cytokine expression were also not enhanced after α-GalCer delivery to macaques. To evaluate the effects of α-GalCer administration on anti-viral immunity, we administered α-GalCer either together with live attenuated influenza virus infection or prior to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of two macaques. There was no clear enhancement of influenza-specific T or B cell immunity following α-GalCer delivery. Further, there was no modulation of pathogenic SIVmac251 infection following α-GalCer delivery to a further two macaques in a pilot study. Accordingly, although macaque peripheral NKT cells are modulated by α-GalCer in vivo, at least for the dosing regimens tested in this study, this does not appear to have a significant impact on anti-viral immunity in macaque models.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of a combined resective and regenerative approach in the treatment of peri‐implantitis: a prospective case series
Authors: Matarasso Sergio , Iorio Siciliano Vincenzo , Aglietta Marco , Andreuccetti Gianmaria , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes applying a combined resective and regenerative approach in the treatment of peri‐implantitis.Materials and methodsSubjects with implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis (i.e., pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥5 mm with concomitant bleeding on probing (BoP) and ≥2 mm of marginal bone loss or exposure of ≥1 implant thread) were treated by means of a combined approach including the application of a deproteinized bovine bone mineral and a collagen membrane in the intrabony and implantoplasty in the suprabony component of the peri‐implant lesion, respectively. The soft tissues were apically repositioned allowing for a non‐submerged healing. Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 12 months after treatment.ResultsEleven subjects with 11 implants were treated and completed the 12‐month follow‐up. No implant was lost yielding a 100% survival rate. At baseline, the mean PPD and mean clinical attachment level (CAL) were 8.1 ± 1.8 mm and 9.7 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. After 1 year, a mean PPD of 4.0 ± 1.3 mm and a mean CAL of 6.7 ± 2.5 mm were assessed. The differences between the baseline and the follow‐up examinations were statistically significant (P = 0.001). The mucosal recession increased from 1.7 ± 1.5 at baseline to 3.0 ± 1.8 mm at the 12‐month follow‐up (P = 0.003). The mean% of sites with BoP+ around the selected implants decreased from 19.7 ± 40.1 at baseline to 6.1 ± 24.0 after 12 months (P = 0.032).The radiographic marginal bone level decreased from 8.0 ± 3.7 mm at baseline to 5.2 ± 2.2 mm at the 12‐month follow‐up (P = 0.000001). The radiographic fill of the intrabony component of the defect amounted to 93.3 ± 13.0%.ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, a combined regenerative and resective approach for the treatment of peri‐implant defects yielded positive outcomes in terms of PPD reduction and radiographic defect fill after 12 months.
Psycho‐Social Factors Influencing Forest Conservation Intentions on the Agricultural Frontier
Authors: Mastrangelo Matías E. , Gavin Michael C. , Laterra Pedro , Linklater Wayne L. , Milfont Taciano L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRemnant forest fragments are critical to conserve biological diversity yet these are lost rapidly in areas under agricultural expansion. Conservation planning and policy require a deeper understanding of the psycho‐social factors influencing landholders’ intentions towards conserving forest fragments. We surveyed 89 landholders in an agricultural frontier of the South American Gran Chaco and employed survey data to test three social psychological models: the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and two modified versions of it, one integrated to the Norm Activation Theory (TPB‐NAT) and one including the effect of identity (TPB‐NAT‐Identity). The TPB was the most parsimonious model and explained a large variance of conservation intentions (41%). Social norms and attitudes had the largest direct influence on intentions across the three models, and identity had a significant role in shaping social norms and attitudes. Interventions aimed at building social capital within landholder networks provide the best hope for influencing pro‐conservation norms.
When payments for environmental services will work for conservation
Authors: Wunder Sven 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUsing the article by Muradian et al. () as entry point, I develop a broader framework for the conditions needed to allow PES to emerge and function. It is argued that PES are designed as instruments with clear goals, and will function without markets, economic valuation, or commoditized services. As a highly adaptive management tool, PES are particularly suited for achieving equitable and flexible conservation outcomes. However, PES do require a payment culture and good organization from service users, a trustful negotiation climate, and well‐defined land‐ or resource‐tenure regimes for providers. These demanding preconditions may explain why PES implementation, while promising in many cases, has only spread slowly in low‐income countries.
Oceans at Rio+20
Authors: Campbell Lisa M. , Gray Noella J. , Fairbanks Luke W. , Silver Jennifer J. , Gruby Rebecca L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this article, we examine oceans outcomes from the Third United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (or Rio+20) in relation to how ocean problems and solutions were defined and by whom. We highlight the extent to which problem and solution definitions were shared among participants, in relation to three specific issues on the agenda at Rio+20: conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, small‐scale fisheries, and ocean acidification. We find that discussions about each of these issues reflect three challenges recognized as complicating oceans management: mismatches between ecological and governance scale, homogeneity among interest groups advocating for ocean conservation, and increased interest in both protection and exploitation of ocean resources. Overall, we found little evidence of constructive dialogue at Rio+20, where participants focused on advancing predefined positions, and we consider the implications of our analysis for ultimately addressing our three focal issues and for oceans management more generally.
Acute effect of brisk walking with graduated compression stockings on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress
Authors: Okamoto Takanobu , Sakamaki‐Sunaga Mikako , Min Seokki , Miura Takashi , Iwasaki Tetsuji 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of brisk walking with and without graduated compression stockings (GCSs) on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress. Ten young healthy subjects walked briskly for 30 min with (GCS trial) and without (CON trial) GCSs in a randomized crossover trial. Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) was measured as the per cent rise in the peak diameter from the baseline value at prior occlusion at each FMD measurement using B‐mode ultrasonography before and 30 min after walking in the two trials. Derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROM), as an index of products of reactive oxygen species, and biological anti‐oxidant potential (BAP), as an index of anti‐oxidant potential, were also measured using a free radical elective evaluator before and 30 min after walking in both trials. FMD significantly decreased after brisk walking in both trials (P<0·05). However, FMD after brisk walking in the GCS trial was significantly higher than that in the CON trial (P<0·05). The d‐ROM did not change before and after both trials, whereas the BAP significantly increased after walking in the GCS trial (P<0·05). These findings demonstrate that brisk walking while wearing GCSs suppresses the decrease in FMD and increases BAP.
Hypophosphatemia as a prognostic value in acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Farah Raymond , Khamisy‐farah Rola , Arraf Zaher , Jacobson Larisa , Makhoul Nicola 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPhosphorus (P) is an essential element in all living cells, it is extremely important in the process of production of adenosine triphosphate, main element in the structure of nucleic acids. Low levels of phosphorus in blood is very rare, however, it may be caused by unbalance between components participating in phosphorus cycle and affect performances of several systems. A low level of phosphorus in the blood increases the exacerbation and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and requires prolonged ventilation process.AimThis study aims to examine the prognostic effects of hypophosphatemia in COPD patients and evaluate the correlation between phosphorus levels and severity, recurrences of attacks, ventilation duration and successful of weaning process.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐five patients who were admitted because of worsening in COPD, from October 2010–April 2011, were examined. A comparison was made between the group with normal blood phosphorus (2.5–4.5 mg%), group of patients with low phosphorus (2–2.5 mg%) and group with very low phosphorous values (<2.0 mg%).ResultsNinety‐five per cent of all admissions had normal blood phosphorus levels, 3.3% had low phosphorus levels, and only 1.7% of all admissions had very low phosphorus levels. 2.4% of patients had both low levels of phosphorus and potassium. All patients (100%) with very low phosphorus needed mechanical ventilation, compared to 62.5% of patients with low phosphorus and 16.9% of patients with normal phosphorus levels. In addition, 16 ventilated patients (33% of all ventilated patients) had low potassium values.SummaryLow blood phosphorus levels contribute to an increase in: COPD flare‐up, need for ventilation, duration of hospitalisation, days in intensive care units and finally increased rate of mortality. Accordingly, close monitoring and careful adjustment of disorders correlated to electrolyte such as phosphorus, are crucial and may improve prognosis and also increase the survival rate of patients with COPD.