bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONSONORM_HG: a new method of norm calculation for mid‐ to high‐grade metamorphic rocks
Authors: Mathieu L. , Trépanier S. , Daigneault R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe CONSONORM_HG norm provides a standardized solution to approximate metamorphic assemblages for mid‐ to high‐grade metamorphic rocks. Other applications for this norm include: (i) the standardized classification of metamorphic rocks; (ii) the interpretation of hydrothermal alteration using indices calculated from normative minerals; (iii) the estimation of the carbonate content of rocks, even when CO2 has not been analysed. CONSONORM_HG is designed for rocks dominated by silicates, Fe–Ti oxides or carbonates, and it approximates the main mineral assemblages of amphibolite, granulite, greenschist and blueschist facies metamorphic rocks. The norm calculates silicate assemblages using one of the three Al–Ca–NaK–FeMg tetrahedra, a convenient way of representing a large number of silicate assemblages, for each of the 17 P–T conditions modelled and based on the Fe–Mg–Mn composition of the sample. In addition to silicate minerals, CONSONORM_HG calculates Fe–Ti oxides and other accessory minerals from minor elements, sulphides from analysed sulphur and/or from analysed metals and also carbonates from analysed CO2 or from normative CO2 estimated from the loss on ignition. CONSONORM_HG also integrates many reactions to address silicon deficits, as well as quartz–carbonate reactions to approximate natural assemblages better. The normative calculation is validated using published whole‐rock analyses and petrographic descriptions and its various applications are discussed.
Simplified Method for Insertion of Steerable Guide into the Left Atrium Using a Pigtail Guide Wire During the MitraClip® Procedure: A Technical Tip
Authors: Buchner Stefan , Dreher Ansgar , Resch Markus , Schach Christian , Birner Christoph , Luchner Andreas 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundTo assess whether a new floppy pigtail guidewire provides sufficient support for introduction of the 22F‐steerable guide catheter (SG) into the left atrium and is less time‐consuming during the MitraClip®‐procedure without necessity of probing and inserting a stiff wire into the pulmonary vein.MethodsIn group 1, traditional probing of the left upper pulmonary vein and insertion of a standard stiff wire was used. In group 2, direct insertion of the floppy pigtail guidewire directly after transseptal puncture was used.ResultsPatients in group 1 (n = 18) and group 2 (n = 21) did not differ significantly with respect to mitral regurgitation severity (3.2 ± 0.4 vs 3.2 ± 0.4; P = 0.814) and etiology (functional 78% vs 71%, P = 0.651). Comparing both methods, a significant reduction in time‐to‐SG was observed in group 2 versus group 1 (17 ± 7 minutes vs 30 ± 11 minutes; P = 0.001). The rate of crossing failures was 0% with use of the floppy pigtail guidewire as well as with the traditional technique. No complications were observed with use of the floppy pigtail guidewire.ConclusionsUtilization of a thin, floppy pigtail guidewire for left atrium access is safe and markedly accelerates insertion of the SG for the MitraClip®‐procedure without crossing failures of the atrial septum. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:472–478)
Mastocytosis: the puzzling clinical spectrum and challenging diagnostic aspects of an enigmatic disease
Authors: Gülen T. , Hägglund H. , Dahlén B. , Nilsson G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMastocytosis is a complex disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal mast cells (MC) in the skin, bone marrow and/or other visceral organs. The clinical manifestations result from MC‐derived mediators and, less frequently, from destructive infiltration of MCs. Patients suffer from a variety of symptoms including pruritus, flushing and life‐threatening anaphylaxis. Whilst mastocytosis is likely to be suspected in a patient with typical skin lesions [i.e. urticaria pigmentosa (UP)], the absence of cutaneous signs does not rule out the diagnosis of this disease. Mastocytosis should be suspected in cases of recurrent, unexplained or severe insect‐induced anaphylaxis or symptoms of MC degranulation without true allergy. In rare cases, unexplained osteoporosis or unexplained haematological abnormalities can be underlying feature of mastocytosis, particularly when these conditions are associated with elevated baseline serum tryptase levels. The diagnosis is based on the World Health Organization criteria, in which the tryptase level, histopathological and immunophenotypic evaluation of MCs and molecular analysis are crucial. A somatic KIT mutation, the most common of which is D816V, is usually detectable in MCs and their progenitors. Once a diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis (SM) is made, it is mandatory to assess the burden of the disease, its activity, subtype and prognosis, and the appropriate therapy. Mastocytosis comprises seven different categories that range from indolent forms, such as cutaneous and indolent SM, to progressive forms, such as aggressive SM and MC leukaemia. Although prognosis is good in patients with indolent forms of the disease, patients with advanced categories have a poor prognosis.
First Report of Grey Mould Disease on Abelmoschus esculentus Caused by Botrytis cinerea in China
Authors: Zhao Qian , Chai A‐Li , Shi Yan‐Xia , Xie Xue‐Wen , Li Bao‐Ju 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus), or Lady's finger, is a plant originating from Africa and is grown as a multipurpose crop in Asia, America and Europe nowadays. Grey mould disease was observed on okras in several okra fields in Ledong County, Hainan Province, and Shunyi District, Beijing City, during September to December in 2014 with the incidence varying from 20 to 55%. To identify the pathogen, the detailed morphological, cultural characteristics, pathogenicity test along with the DNA sequences for four gene regions ITS, G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2 of our isolate were compared with those of some previously reported Botrytis cinerea and other similar species of the genus Botrytis. Results suggested this is the first report of grey mould disease on Abelmoschus esculentus caused by Botrytis cinerea in China.
Collections‐based systematics: Opportunities and outlook for 2050
Authors: Wen Jun , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. , Appelhans Marc S. , Dorr Laurence J. , Funk Vicki A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSystematic biology is a discipline rooted in collections. These collections play important roles in research and conservation and are integral to our efforts to educate society about biodiversity and conservation. Collections provide an invaluable record of the distribution of organisms throughout the world and through recent and geological time, and they are the only direct documentation of the biological, physical, and cultural diversity of the planet: past, present, and future. Recent developments in bioinformatics and cyberinfrastructure are transforming systematics by opening up new opportunities and as a result major digitization efforts have increasingly made available large amounts of biodiversity data. The collections‐based systematics community needs to train the next‐generation of systematists with integrative skills, address grand questions about biodiversity at different scales, develop a community‐wide cyberinfrastructure, effectively disseminate systematic data to biologists and the public, and proactively educate the public and policy makers on the importance of systematics and collections in the biodiversity crisis of the Anthropocene. Specifically, we call for a new global Biodiversity CyberBank, comparable to GenBank for genetic data, to be the repository of all biodiversity data, as well as a World Organization of Systematic Biology to lead major initiatives of the field. We also outline a new workflow for taxonomic monographs, which utilizes both the traditional strengths of synthesizing diverse collections‐based taxonomic data and the capacity of online resources and bioinformatics tools.
Spotted hyaenas switch their foraging strategy as a response to changes in intraguild interactions with lions
Authors: Périquet S. , Valeix M. , Claypole J. , Drouet‐Hoguet N. , Salnicki J. , Mudimba S. , Revilla E. , Fritz H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLarge carnivores are keystone species and their foraging strategies may be a determinant in the functioning of communities and ecosystems. The plastic foraging behaviour of carnivores is likely to be influenced by a suite of factors. Here, we studied spotted hyaena diet during two contrasting periods in terms of lion population abundance to investigate the changes in spotted hyaena foraging strategies in response to changes in expected intraguild interactions in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. The analysis of hyaena scats and feeding sites of GPS‐tracked individuals revealed that during the period of high lion abundance, spotted hyaena consumption and preference for very large prey (elephant and giraffe) increased, while that of large (buffalo) and medium‐sized prey (zebra, wildebeest and kudu) decreased, despite an increase in spotted hyaena foraging group size. These results suggest a shift from active predation to scavenging as the potential risk of kleptoparasitism by lions and intraguild competition increased. However, the likely increase of lion predation on very large prey due to the increased proportion of adult males in the lion population could also result in intraguild facilitation by providing spotted hyaenas with additional food sources and thus promote coexistence between these species. Our findings suggest that changes in the numerical abundance of competing species can affect their diet and prey preference, which could ultimately increase the intensity of competition (and facilitation) between carnivores and may thus impact prey populations and possibly ecosystem functioning.
Indigenous aliphatic amines in the aqueously altered Orgueil meteorite
Authors: Aponte José C. , Dworkin Jason P. , Elsila Jamie E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe CI1 Orgueil meteorite is a highly aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite. It has been extensively studied, and despite its extensive degree of aqueous alteration and some documented instances of contamination, several indigenous organic compounds including amino acids, carboxylic acids, and nucleobases have been detected in its carbon‐rich matrix. We recently developed a novel gas chromatographic method for the enantiomeric and compound‐specific isotopic analyses of meteoritic aliphatic monoamines in extracts and have now applied this method to investigate the monoamine content in Orgueil. We detected 12 amines in Orgueil, with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 332 nmol g−1 of meteorite and compared this amine content in Orgueil with that of the CM2 Murchison meteorite, which experienced less parent‐body aqueous alteration. Methylamine is four times more abundant in Orgueil than in Murchison. As with other species, the amine content in Orgueil extracts shows less structural diversity than that in Murchison extracts. We measured the compound‐specific stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) for 5 of the 12 monoamines detected in Orgueil and found a range of δ13C values from –20 to +59‰. These δ13C values fall into the range of other meteoritic organic compounds, although they are 13C‐depleted relative to their counterparts extracted from the Murchison meteorite. In addition, we measured the enantiomeric composition for the chiral monoamines (R)‐ and (S)‐sec‐butylamine in Orgueil, and found it was racemic within experimental error, in contrast with the l‐enantiomeric excess found for its amino acid structural analog isovaline. The racemic nature of sec‐butylamine in Orgueil was comparable to that previously observed in Murchison, and to other CM2 and CR2 carbonaceous chondrites measured in this work (ALH 83100 [CM1/2], LON 94101 [CM2], LEW 90500 [CM2], LAP 02342 [CR2], and GRA 95229 [CR2]). These results allow us to place some constraints on the effects of aqueous alteration observed over the monoamine concentrations in Orgueil and Murchison, and to evaluate the primordial synthetic relationships between meteoritic monoamines and amino acids.
Tracking the progression of speciation: variable patterns of introgression across the genome provide insights on the species delimitation between progenitor–derivative spruces (Picea mariana×P. rubens)
Authors: de Lafontaine Guillaume , Prunier Julien , Gérardi Sébastien , Bousquet Jean 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe genic species concept implies that while most of the genome can be exchanged somewhat freely between species through introgression, some genomic regions remain impermeable to interspecific gene flow. Hence, interspecific differences can be maintained despite ongoing gene exchange within contact zones. This study assessed the heterogeneous patterns of introgression at gene loci across the hybrid zone of an incipient progenitor–derivative species pair,Picea mariana(black spruce) andPicea rubens(red spruce). The spruce taxa likely diverged in geographic isolation during the Pleistocene and came into secondary contact during late Holocene. A total of 300SNPs distributed across the 12 linkage groups (LG) of black spruce were genotyped for 385 individual trees from 33 populations distributed across the allopatric zone of each species and within the zone of sympatry. An integrative framework combining three population genomic approaches was used to scan the genomes, revealing heterogeneous patterns of introgression. A total of 23SNPs scattered over 10 LG were considered impermeable to introgression and putatively under diverging selection. These loci revealed the existence of impermeable genomic regions forming the species boundary and are thus indicative of ongoing speciation between these two genetic lineages. Another 238SNPs reflected selectively neutral diffusion across the porous species barrier. Finally, 39 highly permeableSNPs suggested ancestral polymorphism along with balancing selection. The heterogeneous patterns of introgression across the genome indicated that the speciation process between black spruce and red spruce is young and incomplete, albeit some interspecific differences are maintained, allowing ongoing species divergence even in sympatry. The approach developed in this study can be used to track the progression of ongoing speciation processes.
Unravelling the evolutionary history and future prospects of endemic species restricted to former glacial refugia
Authors: Razgour Orly , Salicini Irene , Ibáñez Carlos , Randi Ettore , Juste Javier 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe contemporary distribution and genetic composition of biodiversity bear a signature of species’ evolutionary histories and the effects of past climatic oscillations. For many European species, the Mediterranean peninsulas of Iberia, Italy and the Balkans acted as glacial refugia and the source of range recolonization, and as a result, they contain disproportionately high levels of diversity. As these areas are particularly threatened by future climate change, it is important to understand how past climatic changes affected their biodiversity. We use an integrated approach, combining markers with different evolutionary rates and combining phylogenetic analysis with approximate Bayesian computation and species distribution modelling across temporal scales. We relate phylogeographic processes to patterns of genetic variation in Myotis escalerai, a bat species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. We found a distinct population structure at the mitochondrial level with a strong geographic signature, indicating lineage divergence into separate glacial refugia within the Iberian refugium. However, microsatellite markers suggest higher levels of gene flow resulting in more limited structure at recent time frames. The evolutionary history of M. escalerai was shaped by the effects of climatic oscillations and changes in forest cover and composition, while its future is threatened by climatically induced range contractions and the role of ecological barriers due to competition interactions in restricting its distribution. This study warns that Mediterranean peninsulas, which provided refuge for European biodiversity during past glaciation events, may become a trap for limited dispersal and ecologically limited endemic species under future climate change, resulting in loss of entire lineages.
Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of Curvularia australiensis, C. hawaiiensis and C. spicifera isolated from human eye infections
Authors: Krizsán Krisztina , Tóth Eszter , Nagy László G. , Galgóczy László , Manikandan Palanisamy , Chandrasekaran Muthusamy , Kadaikunnan Shine , Alharbi Naiyf S. , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Papp Tamás 
Published: September 2015

SummaryA reliable identification method was developed for three closely related Curvularia species, which are frequently isolated from human keratomycoses. Since the traditionally used morphological method and the increasingly used internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐based molecular method proved to be insufficient to discern C. australiensis, C. hawaiiensis and C. spicifera, other molecular targets, such as β‐tubulin, translation elongation factor 1‐α and the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS), were tested. Among them, the use of the highly divergent IGS sequence is suggested and the species‐specific discriminating characters were determined in appropriate reference strains. It was also concluded that C. hawaiiensis and C. spicifera can be predominantly isolated from eye infections among the three species. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 10 currently used antifungal agents against 32 Curvularia isolates was also investigated. MICs were determined in each case. Isolates of C. spicifera proved to be less susceptible to the tested antifungals than those of C. hawaiiensis, which underline the importance of the correct identification of these species.
Effect of orlistat on glycaemic control in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aldekhail N. M. , Logue J. , McLoone P. , Morrison D. S. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryOrlistat is an effective adjunctive treatment to lifestyle modifications in the treatment of obesity. While the majority of current evidence is on the effect of orlistat in obese patients without diabetes, some studies suggest that patients who are obese and have diabetes mellitus lose more weight and have greater improvements in diabetic outcomes when treated with orlistat plus a lifestyle intervention than when treated by lifestyle interventions alone. The aim of this study was to review the evidence of the effects of orlistat on glycaemic control in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of orlistat in people with type 2 diabetes reporting diabetes outcomes in studies published between January 1990 and September 2013 was conducted. We searched for articles published in English in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria included all randomized controlled trials of orlistat carried out on adult participants with a body mass index of 25 kg m−2 or over diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, which reported weight change and at least one diabetic outcome. A total of 765 articles were identified out of which 12 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall mean weight reduction (3, 6 and 12 months) in the orlistat group was −4.25 kg (95% CI: −4.5 to −3.9 kg). The mean weight difference between treatment and control groups was −2.10 kg (95% CI: −2.3 to −1.8 kg, P < 0.001), the mean HbA1c difference was −6.12 mmol mol−1 (95% CI: −10.3 to −1.9 mmol mol−1, P < 0.004) and the mean fasting blood glucose difference was −1.16 mmol L−1 (95% CI: −1.4 to −0.8 mmol L−1, P < 0.001). Treatment with orlistat plus lifestyle intervention resulted in significantly greater weight loss and improved glycaemic control in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes compared with lifestyle intervention alone.
Development of genomewide simple sequence repeat fingerprints and highly polymorphic markers in cucumbers based on next‐generation sequence data
Authors: Liu Jian , Qu Jingtao , Hu Kun , Zhang Lei , Li Jingwei , Wu Bing , Luo Chengjin , Wei Aimin , Han Yike , Cui Xinghua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCucumbers are one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide. The molecular markers have substantial potential to improve the efficiency of conventional cucumber breeding. In this study, a total of 101 157 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified across the cucumber 9930 genome. Most (69 526 of 76 103 or 91.36%) SSRs with unique flanking sequences (unique SSRs) had polymorphisms among 103 cucumber genomes; the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 34 with an average of 4.70. Next, we selected 7486 unique SSR loci with polymorphism information content (PIC) ≥0.5 and major allele differences (the size difference between the alleles with the highest and the second highest frequency) ≥3 bp to design primers. The SSR marker polymorphisms were experimentally validated; 50 highly polymorphic SSR markers had polymorphisms with an average PIC of 0.44. PCR analysis also indicated that these SSR markers could be effectively used as molecular markers. The SSR fingerprints and polymorphic SSR markers with large major allele differences could enhance the efficiency of genetic research and marker‐assisted breeding in cucumbers.
Outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Hazar Volkan , Kesik Vural , Aksoylar Serap , Karakukcu Musa , Ozturk Gulyuz , Kupesiz Alphan , Atas Erman , Oniz Haldun , Kansoy Savas , Unal Ekrem , Tanyeli Atila , Erbey Fatih , Elli Murat , Tacyildiz Nurdan , Karasu Gulsun Tezcan , Kocak Ulker , Anak Sema , Yilmaz Bengoa Sebnem , Sezgin Gulay , Atay Didem , Unal Emel , Uygun Vedat , Kurucu Nilgun , Kaya Zuhre , Yesilipek Akif ,   the Turkish Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Study Group (TPBMT‐SG)
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study evaluates the outcome of 66 pediatric patients with rrHL who underwent autoHSCT. Twenty‐nine patients experienced early relapse, and 19 patients experienced late relapse. Of 18 newly diagnosed with HL, 13 were primary refractory disease and five had late responsive disease. At the time of transplantation, only 68% of the patients were chemosensitive. The majority of patients received BCNU + etoposide + ara‐C + melphalan for conditioning (45/66), and peripheral blood (56/66) was used as a source of stem cells. After a median follow‐up period of 39 months, 46 patients were alive. At five yr, the probabilities of OS, EFS, the relapse rate, and the non‐relapse mortality rate were 63.1%, 54.3%, 36.4%, and 9.1%, respectively. The probability of EFS in chemosensitive and chemoresistant patients at five yr was 72.3% and 19%, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that chemoresistant disease at the time of transplantation was the only factor predicting limited both OS (hazard ratio = 4.073) and EFS (hazard ratio = 4.599). AutoHSCT plays an important role for the treatment of rrHL in children and adolescents, and survival rates are better for patients with chemosensitive disease at the time of transplantation.