bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boekresensies/Book reviews
Authors: Office Editorial 
Published: November 2012

Kugel, J L 2006. The ladder of Jacob. Ancient interpretations of the biblical story of Jacob and his children.Peter Spitaler, Universale Sünde von Juden und Heiden? Eine Untersuchung zu Römer 1,18-3,20Hastings A, 2001. A History of English ChristianityOllig, Hans-Ludwig (Hg.). Theo-Anthropologie. Jörg Splett zu Ehren. Echter: Würzburg.Van Huyssteen, J Wentzel 2006. Alone in World? Human Uniqueness in science and theology.
Lente in die Teologie: ’n opwindende ligstraal van hoop vir die kerk
Authors: M JC 
Published: November 2012

Despite popular opinion, current theology is still in the midst of winter. In this article the nature of spring – of it as the in-between season – is taken as a metaphor for theology: between the lines and prior to the middle. It is a theology beyond fundamentalism whilst preceding relativism. It is a theology in-between the equilibrium of orthodoxy and orthodox practices;in-between confidence and anxiety; prior to right and wrong. It is highly contextual and with people! A spring theology reminds of so many imperative aspects of Practical Theology: people, uncertainty, deconstruction and imagination. This understanding of theology is explained by reference to three relevant issues: (a) gay persons, who have no place in modernistic theology, (b) people with HIV/Aids who have left the church perplexed, ignorant and without large and successful intervention practices and (c) understanding about the creation of the cosmos to those who still accept, adamantly, the Biblical version of creation (of even theorise about it).
Pentecostals’ reading of the Old Testament
Authors: Nel M 
Published: November 2012

The question of a valid and viable Pentecostal hermeneutic is discussed leading to the preliminary conclusion that such a hermeneutic would consist of the following elements: the experience of the immanence of God, within the charismatic community, through the work of the Spirit. The hermeneutic leads to a reading of Old (and New) Testament texts, especially narrative texts, as replicable for modern-day believers, because Pentecostals view the Bible as consisting primarily of testimonies of God’ s involvement and intervention in ancient believers’ lives with the aim to duplicate those acts in modern believers’ lives. The narratives of Pentecostals’ preaching and testimony are based upon Biblical tales but they are also accompanied by the same signs and wonders the Bible testifies to. This causes Pentecostals’ success in missions as non-literary societies are not interested in creeds but in oral narratives demonstrated in practice. Signs and wonders, healings and revelations, prophetic words and resurrections demonstrate the immanence of God as described in the Bible in a dramatic way to modern people.
Providence and God’s emergent will through prayer as it relates to determinism and healing
Authors: Pretorius M 
Published: November 2012

The paper has a twofold purpose. The first is to explore: if God has settled His plans and He will do what He is going to do, then does it matter whether one prays or not? This section will also deal with the aspect of healing and prayer, specifically from a scientific perspective. The important question is: How should one treat reports of miraculous healings, and the belief that prayer can affect healing? Secondly, if prayer has any effect on what happens, then it would seem that God’ s plans are not fixed in the first place, and then the idea of an open-future would seem to be valid. As a result, one could no longer see the world as a mechanistic Newtonian picture. Rather , the picture portrayed would be of a world of flexibility and openness to change. The question would then be: What is the manner and scope of divine action and wherein lies the causal joint? Regarding this, areas related to determinism will be explored as determinism states that all events in the world are the result of some previous event, or events. Bringing clarity to these questions is important, as is it has a direct bearing on how one will view miracles recorded in the Scriptures, and how far one will go in trusting God to meet one’ s needs through prayer.
Boekresensies/Book reviews
Authors: Office Editorial 
Published: November 2012

Arnold, B T & Williamson, H G M (eds) 2005. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books.Nouwen, H 2007. Die terugkeer van die verlore seun. ‘n Ware verhaal oor tuiskoms (vertaal deur Pieter de Villiers).Snyman, G F 2007. Om die Bybel anders te lees. ‘n Etiek van Bybellees.Barnard, M 2006. Liturgie voorbij de liturgische beweging. Zoeter-meerRoberts, C C 2007. Creation and Covenant. The significance of sexual difference in the moral theology of marriage.Stevenson, Peter K & Wright, Stephen I 2005. Preaching the atonement.
Simulations of Two-Step Maruyama Methods for Nonlinear Stochastic Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Cao Wanrong , Zhang Zhongqiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the numerical performance of a family ofP-stable two-step Maruyama schemes in mean-square sense for stochastic differential equations with time delay proposed in for a certain class of nonlinear stochastic delay differential equations with multiplicative white noises. We also test the convergence of one of the schemes for a time-delayed Burgers’ equation with an additive white noise. Numerical results show that this family of two-step Maruyama methods exhibit similar stability for nonlinear equations as that for linear equations.
Prevalence and predictors of solid or hematological malignancies in a monocentric cohort of HIV patients from central Italy
Authors: Mazzotta E , Agostinone A , Sozio F , Ursini T , Polilli E , Tontodonati M , Tracanna E , Placido G , Pieri A , Consorte A , Cacciatore P , Di Masi F , Calella G , Falorio S , Leva M , Vizioli M , Angrilli F , Manzoli L , Parruti G 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionHIV‐infected patients have a higher risk of developing cancer than the general population. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), primary CNS lymphoma (PCL) and invasive cervical cancers are considered AIDS‐defining. An increased incidence in recent years, however, has been reported also for other malignancies after the introduction of HAART.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study to characterize all HIV‐infected patients with both AIDS and non‐AIDS‐defining neoplasms observed among all consecutive patients followed at the Infectious Diseases Unit of Pescara General Hospital, since 1991 through 2012. All cases were matched with equinumerous controls without neoplasia homogeneous for age, sex and AIDS diagnosis.ResultsOut of 626 patients consecutively assisted since 1991, 57 cases of malignancy (9.1%) were observed. Of these, 45 (79.0%) occurred in males; mean age was 43.6±9.3 years; 49 (86.0%) patients were diagnosed with AIDS. Tumors observed were: NHL, 17 (29.8%); SK, 13 (22.8%); HCC, 5 (8.8%); CPL, 6 (10.5%); Hodgkin's lymphoma, 4 (7.0%); solid tumors, 12 (21.1%), including 1 AIDS‐defining tumor (anal cancer). Among these, 37 (66.1%) patients died; of them 14 (37.8%) had non‐AIDS cancers. Cases were well matched with the 55 controls for sex (p=0.9), age (p=0.6) and AIDS diagnosis (p=0.6). In comparison with controls, CD4 nadirs were not different (153±151 in controls vs 136±154 cells/mmc), while CD4 at tumor diagnosis were very different between controls (463±283 cells/mmc) and cases (226±209 cells/mmc, p<0.0001). Among patients with malignancies, those who died had a non‐significant reduction in CD4 counts (p=0.14); seemingly irrelevant were smoking status (p=0.9), working ability (p=0.4), HCV coinfection (p=0.4). Surprisingly, in patients co‐infected with HBV, including HBsAg negative, antibody‐positive subjects, tumors were significantly more frequent (60.7% vs. 38.8%, p=0.009).ConclusionFactors potentially relevant for carcinogenesis in the prolonged survival patients of the HAART era may include HBV coinfection in spite of the lack of active biochemical activity (HbsAg negative) in the majority of coinfected patients. The potential relevance of this finding deserves prompt assessment in a larger multicentric cohort.
An investigation into frequency and reasons why patients switch antiretroviral therapy and which antiretrovirals are commonly implicated in toxicity
Authors: Boyle A , Sonecha S , Mandalia S , Nelson M 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyPrevious investigation into antiretroviral (ARV) therapy switches in our HIV cohort suggested an annual switch rate of 20% in 2006 with 60% of switches being secondary to toxicity [1]. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this switch rate has changed in recent years, determine reasons why patients change regimens, and identify which ARVs are most likely to be switched for toxicity concerns.MethodsThe electronic patient database was reviewed to identify all patients within our HIV cohort who switched ARV therapy between 1st December 2009 and 31st May 2011. Details of which ARVs were switched and the reasons why were recorded. Any switches due to toxicity were investigated further to identify the actual or perceived adverse effect.Summary of resultsNine hundred and twenty‐three regimens were switched over 18 months affecting 12% (n = 722) of patients on treatment during this time. The most common reason for switching medication was due to toxicity, occurring in 452 (49%) cases. Other reasons included simplification (15%), clinical trials (8%), virological failure (8%) and drug interactions (4%). The remaining 16% switched for various reasons including pregnancy and co‐morbidities. Of 452 switches for toxicity (or perceived toxicity), 122 (27%) were due to CNS side effects (89 out of a total of 122 were related to efavirenz), 64 (14%) gastrointestinal disturbances (38/64 related to protease inhibitors), 54 (12%) actual/perceived cardiovascular risk (21/54 related to abacavir and 21/54 related to saquinavir), 54 (12%) hepatotoxicity (21/54 related to atazanavir and 14/54 related to efavirenz), 42 (9%) metabolic concerns (24/42 related to protease inhibitors) and 38 (8%) renal toxicity (28/38 related to tenofovir). Other toxicities accounted for 78 (18%) switches. An observed toxicity switch rate (OTSR) per 1000 patient years (95% CI) was calculated for each ARV.

NRTIs
OTSR (95% CI)
PIs
OTSR (95% CI)

Zidovudine
43.5 (27.0–66.6)
Saquinavir
96.1 (62.2–141.8)

Abacavir
18.6 (12.3–26.9)
Lopinavir
69.1 (50.6–92.2)

Tenofovir
6.4 (4.7–8.5)
Atazanavir
27.2 (19.8–36.5)

Lamivudine
1.4 (0.3–4.2)
Darunavir
15.0 (9.7–22.2)

Emtricitabine
1.2 (0.5–2.3)

INI

NNRTIs

Raltegravir
15.0 (6.0–30.9)
Efavirenz
27.8 (22.9–33.5)

CCR5

Etravirine
25.7 (15.3–40.7)

Maraviroc
5.2 (0.1–29.2)
Nevirapine
3.1 (0.6–9.1)

Conclusions12% of patients switched therapy in 18 months, predicting an annual switch rate of 8%. Toxicity remained an important reason for switching. Saquinavir and lopinavir have a significantly higher OTSR than other PIs as does zidovudine compared with other NRTIs. Nevirapine has a significantly lower OTSR than other NNRTIs.
Recovery of eGFR in patients who develop renal complications on tenofovir
Authors: Jose S , Hamzah L , Campbell L , Sabin C , Post F ,   UK CHIC study
Published: November 2012

PurposeTenofovir (TDF) use has been linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rapid decline in kidney function; the potential reversibility of these complications remains poorly studied. We compared changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before, during and after TDF use.MethodsPatients in the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (CHIC) Study who discontinued a TDF‐containing regimen after>3 months were included. Incident CKD on TDF was defined as an eGFR<60 for>3 months (eGFR units=ml/min/1.73 m2) and rapid eGFR decline as a negative eGFR slope>3 on TDF (eGFR slopes measured in ml/min/1.73 m2/year). Linear piecewise regression was used to estimate each person's eGFR slope before, during and after TDF, excluding the initial 4 weeks on TDF and the first 3 months post‐entry and post‐discontinuation. These slopes were compared in those with/without CKD or rapid eGFR decline using t‐tests. A piecewise linear random effects model compared the average slopes before and during TDF, and during and post TDF. Maximum eGFR after discontinuation was compared with eGFR at TDF start to determine the extent of recovery.Results935 subjects were included, of whom 80% were male, 70.5% of white ethnicity, 66.2% MSM. Median age at TDF start was 41. Patients with incident CKD tended to have lower eGFR at TDF start than those without (median 75 and 93 respectively), while baseline eGFR in those with/without rapid eGFR decline were similar (median 90 and 91 respectively). Small eGFR declines pre‐TDF were observed in all patients, with significantly more rapid eGFR decline observed during TDF exposure in those with renal complications (Table).

Table. eGFR slopes before, during and after TDF exposure in those with and without renal complications

eGFR slope
Pre‐TDF
On‐TDF
Post‐TDF
Pre‐TDF vs. on‐TDF
On‐TDF vs. post‐TDF

CKD
−2.7
−7.3
+5.2
p<0.0001
p<0.0001

No CKD
−1.1
−4.4
+2.6
p<0.0001
p<0.0001

p=0.10
p=0.003
0.001

Rapid eGFR decline
−0.5
−10.1
+5.1
p<0.0001
p<0.0001

No rapid eGFR decline
−1.8
+0.2
+1.1
p=0.28
p<0.0001

p=0.07
p<0.0001
p<0.0001

Although eGFR recovery was observed in the majority of patients without renal complications following TDF discontinuation (70.5% of those without CKD, 76.3% of those without rapid eGFR decline), only 43.7% of patients with CKD and 56.4% of those with rapid eGFR decline reached a maximum eGFR that was at least as high as their eGFR at TDF start.ConclusionsImprovements in eGFR were observed in patients who discontinued TDF. However, incomplete eGFR recovery was frequent in those with renal complications.
ART use, viral suppression, and sexual behaviour among HIV‐diagnosed MSM in the UK: results from the Antiretrovirals, Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes (ASTRA) Study
Authors: Lampe F , Speakman A , Phillips A , Sherr L , Gilson R , Johnson M , Fisher M , Wilkins E , Anderson J , Edwards S , McDonnell J , Perry N , Aderogba K , Hart G , Johnson A , Collins S , Elford J , Miners A , Geretti A , Burman B , Rodger A 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the associations of ART use, viral load (VL) suppression and transmission risk beliefs with sexual behaviour among HIV‐diagnosed men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK.MethodsASTRA is a multicentre UK study of >3000 HIV outpatients in 2011/12. A self‐completed questionnaire defined ‘unprotected sex with an HIV‐discordant partner’ (USD) as anal or vaginal sex without a condom in the past 3 months with a partner of negative or unknown HIV status. Transmission risk belief score (TRBS) was classified as 0–2 [2: agree ‘when VL is undetectable, a condom is not needed to prevent HIV transmission’; 1: agree ‘undetectable VL makes someone less infectious to a sexual partner’ 0: do not agree with either statement]. Associations of USD with TRBS, self‐reported ART and VL status, and other factors were assessed using Chi‐squared tests and logistic regression.ResultsData are available for 2086 MSM [88% white; mean age: 45 years]. 1767 (84.7%) were on ART; of whom 1470 (83.2%) reported VL≤50 c/mL, 148 (8.4%) reported VL>50 c/mL and 149 (8.4%) did not know VL status. TRBS was 0, 1 and 2 for 48.0%, 47.7% and 4.3% of MSM. Prevalence of USD was 14.8% (n=308) overall; 123 of 308 reported receptive anal sex only. USD prevalence increased with higher TRBS [8.2%, 19.4%, 35.2% for TRBS 0,1,2 respectively; p<0.001]. ART use and VL status were also associated with USD. USD prevalence was lower among MSM taking ART compared to those not on ART [13.8% vs 20.1%; p=0.004]. However, among MSM on ART, USD prevalence was higher among those reporting VL≤50 c/mL compared to reporting VL>50 c/mL/unknown (14.7% vs 9.4%; p=0.016). This pattern of association between ART/VL status and USD was similar after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and HIV‐related factors: compared to MSM on ART with VL<50 c/mL, adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) were: 0.58 (0.38, 0.89) for MSM on ART with VL>50 c/mL/unknown, and 1.25 (0.87, 1.79) for MSM not on ART, global p=0.006. Absence of an HIV‐positive stable partner, more recent HIV diagnosis and recreational drug use were also independently associated with USD (all p<0.05).ConclusionsApproximately 15% of HIV‐diagnosed MSM report recent USD. Among MSM on ART, self‐reported undetectable VL is associated with USD, suggesting that perceived VL status may influence sexual behaviour and condom use. However, prevalence of USD is also high among MSM not taking ART. These findings have implications for prevention strategies among MSM in the UK.
Using phosphazide in regimes of ART in patients co‐infected with HIV and HCV receiving treatment of hepatitis
Authors: Kravchenko A , Kanestri V , Kuimova U , Gankina N , Serebrovskaya L 
Published: November 2012

PurposeComparing of the efficacy and safety of treatment of chronic hepatitis C PegIFN and RBV in HIV‐infected patients receiving HAART with phosphazide (PhAZT) or abacavir (ABC).Methods81 co‐infected with HIV/HCV patients with ART>3 months, treated by PegIFN and RBV (1000–1200 mg/day by weight) during 24–48 weeks. 50 patients (group 1) received PhAZT+3TC+EFV or PIs, and 31 patients (group 2) ‐ABC+3TC+EFV or PIs. Patients in both groups did not differ by sex, age, stage of HIV infection, body mass index, HCV genotype, HCV RNA levels, the degree of hepatic fibrosis.ResultsVirologic response EOT in 1st group was 74% (genotype 1–56%, genotype 3–92%), in 2nd group‐75.9% (genotype 1–61.5%; genotype 3–87.5%). Sustained virological response (SVR) in 1st group was 62% (genotype 1–44%, genotype 3–80%), and in 2nd group −53.3% (genotype 1–46.7%, genotype 3–60%). Relapse of HCV replication within 24 wks after therapy was observed in 12% of pts with 1st group and 22.6%‐2nd group (p<0.05). The frequency of relapse in pts with G1 was 12% and 14.8%, with G3‐12% and 27.5% (in 1st and 2nd groups, p<0.05). If the duration of HCV therapy was <48 wks, SVR rates in pts of both groups was 50% and 41.1%, and if 48 wks and more−73.1% and 71.4%, respectively (p<0.05). When using PIs‐SVR was 52% and 57% in 1st and 2nd groups. In appointing EFV SVR in 1st group − 76.2% (genotype 1–70%, genotype 3–81.8%), in 2nd group−50% (genotype 1–44.4%, genotype 3–57.1%), p<0.05. Inclusion in the regime of HAART PhAZT had no significant effect on the performance of peripheral blood. Decreased hemoglobin, neutrophil and platelet counts were similar in both groups and no more than 1–2 degrees of toxicity. Reducing the CD4+count during HCV treatment has been less pronounced when using PhAZT (compared with ABC) in combination with EFV, and with PI.ConclusionsPegIFN and RBV therapy in pts with HIV/HCV co‐infection receiving HAART, is effective in 44–47% (genotype 1) and 60–80% (genotype 3). Application of the regime PhAZT+3TC+EFV was safe and allowed to reach the maximum frequency of SVR−76.2%.
Natural Flexible Dermal Armor
Authors: Yang Wen , Chen Irene H. , Gludovatz Bernd , Zimmermann Elizabeth A. , Ritchie Robert O. , Meyers Marc A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFish, reptiles, and mammals can possess flexible dermal armor for protection. Here we seek to find the means by which Nature derives its protection by examining the scales from several fish (Atractosteus spatula, Arapaima gigas, Polypterus senegalus, Morone saxatilis, Cyprinius carpio), and osteoderms from armadillos, alligators, and leatherback turtles. Dermal armor has clearly been developed by convergent evolution in these different species. In general, it has a hierarchical structure with collagen fibers joining more rigid units (scales or osteoderms), thereby increasing flexibility without significantly sacrificing strength, in contrast to rigid monolithic mineral composites. These dermal structures are also multifunctional, with hydrodynamic drag (in fish), coloration for camouflage or intraspecies recognition, temperature and fluid regulation being other important functions. The understanding of such flexible dermal armor is important as it may provide a basis for new synthetic, yet bioinspired, armor materials.
Progressive Bundling of Fibrillin Microfibrils into Oxytalan Fibers in the Chick Presumptive Dermis
Authors: Shinozuka Keizo , Yamazaki Yosuke , Yuguchi Maki , Toriumi Taku , Suzuki Rie , Tsuruga Eichi , Isokawa Keitaro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDorsoventral fibers in the presumptive dermis of the chick limb bud reported first by Hurle's group in 1989 are now revealed as bundles of fibrillin microfibrils (Isokawa et al., 2004). The bundles, which could be called oxytalan fibers at the light microscopic level, are aligned perpendicularly to the overlying ectoderm and form a unique fiber array, originating directly from the basal lamina. This well‐oriented organization is beneficial in examining the process of in vivo bundling of microfibrils into oxytalan fibers. In this study, sections through the presumptive limb dermis were preferentially prepared from chick embryos at Days 4–6 (ED4‐6). Immunohistochemically, fibrillin‐positive dots representing cross‐sectioned surfaces of individual fibers, increased in size from ED4 to 6, but their number per unit area remained constant. Ultrastructurally, a single oxytalan fiber at ED4 consisted of ∼15 microfibrils; the latter number increased fourfold from ED4 to 5 and threefold from ED5 to 6. Oxytalan fibers were all closely associated with mesenchymal cell; notably, the fibers at ED5 and 6 were held in a shallow ditch on the cell body or by lamellipodial cytoplasmic protrusion. In the sites of cell–fiber adhesion, microfibrils in the periphery of an oxytalan fiber appeared to adhere directly or by means of short flocculent strands to a nearby cell membrane; the latter showed a thickening of plasmalemma and its undercoat, indicating the presence of adhesive membrane specification. These findings suggest that the bundling of microfibrils is a progressive and closely cell‐associated process. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Looping in on Ndc80 – How does a protein loop at the kinetochore control chromosome segregation?
Authors: Nilsson Jakob 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSegregation of chromosomes during mitosis requires the interaction of dynamic microtubules with the kinetochore, a large protein structure established on the centromere region of sister chromatids. The core microtubule‐binding activity of the kinetochore resides in the KMN network, an outer kinetochore complex. As part of the KMN network, the Ndc80 complex, which is composed of Ndc80, Nuf2, Spc24, and Spc25, is able to bind directly to microtubules and has the ability to track with depolymerizing microtubules to produce chromosome movement. The Ndc80 complex binds directly to microtubules through a calponin homology domain and an unstructured tail in the N terminus of the Ndc80 protein. A recent flurry of papers has highlighted the importance of an internal loop region in Ndc80 in establishing end‐on attachment to microtubules. Here I discuss these recent findings that suggest that the Ndc80 internal loop functions as a binding site for proteins required for kinetochore‐microtubule interactions.