bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex offenders with intellectual disabilities and their academic observers: popular methodologies and research interests
Authors: Hollomotz A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundOver the past two decades, disability activists and scholars have developed research paradigms that aim to place (some of the) control over the research process in the hands of disabled people. This paper discusses the appropriateness of applying such paradigms to sex offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID). It exposes to what extent current research about this population is affected by these developments.MethodsA content analysis of a sample of 80 articles across 20 academic journals was carried out. This recorded the data collection methods used, to what extent the views of people with ID were represented, subject affiliations of the authors and the subject matter discussed.ResultsFew studies make sense of the personal accounts of this population. Social scientists have mostly not engaged in this area of research, which results in significant gaps in knowledge.ConclusionsWe currently know little about the subjectivity of sex offenders with ID. Research that seeks to explore this may enhance our understanding of this population and thus contribute towards the effectiveness of preventative work and risk management.
Corrigendum: Strange bedfellows: glacial diamictite and cap carbonate from the Marinoan (635 Ma) glaciation in Namibia
Authors: HOFFMAN PAUL F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTectonic fold tests conducted in Namibia demonstrate that the inclination with respect to bedding of geoplumb (palaeovertical) tubular structures in the Marinoan (635 Ma) syndeglacial cap dolostone is mainly the result of tectonic strain. Therefore, tubestone inclination data cannot be used to estimate the gradient of the sea floor on the foreslope of the Otavi carbonate platform during the Marinoan glaciation. A gradient steeper than 0·1 (slope angle ca 5·7°), implying a glacial base‐level fall ≥0·5 km, is nevertheless supported by boulder‐size intraclast debrite in the falling‐stand wedge directly beneath the glacigenic sequence. Cryogenian oceans lacked skeletal carbonate production, raising the carbonate saturation state and persistent deep water anoxia excluded acid‐producing aerobic respiration, facilitating early diagenetic carbonate precipitation, lithification and steep submarine slopes.
Quantification of the relation between surface morphodynamics and subsurface sedimentological product in sandy braided rivers
Authors: Parker Natalie O. , Sambrook Smith Gregory H. , Ashworth Philip J. , Best James L. , Lane Stuart N. , Lunt Ian A. , Simpson Christopher J. , Thomas Roberte. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study uses digital elevation models and ground‐penetrating radar to quantify the relation between the surface morphodynamics and subsurface sedimentology in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. A unique aspect of the methodology is that both digital elevation model and ground‐penetrating radar data were collected from the same locations in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, thus enabling the surface morphodynamics to be tied explicitly to the associated evolving depositional product. The occurrence of a large flood in 2005 also allowed the influence of discharge to be assessed with respect to the process–product relationship. The data demonstrate that the morphology of the study reach evolved even during modest discharges, but more extensive erosion was caused by the large flood. In addition, the study reach was dominated by compound bars before the flood, but switched to being dominated by unit bars during and after the flood. The extent to which the subsurface deposits (the ‘product’) were modified by the surface morphodynamics (the ‘process’) was quantified using the changes in radar‐facies recorded in sequential ground‐penetrating radar surveys. These surveys reveal that during the large flood there was an increase in the proportion of facies associated with bar margin accretion and larger dunes. In subsequent years, these facies became truncated and replaced with facies associated with smaller dune sets. This analysis shows that unit bars generally become truncated more laterally than vertically and, thus, they lose the high‐angle bar margin deposits and smaller scale bar‐top deposits. In general, the only fragments that remain of the unit bars are dune sets, thus making identification of the original unit barform problematic. This novel data set has implications for what may ultimately become preserved in the rock record.
Heavy metal pollution negatively correlates with anuran species richness and distribution in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: FICKEN KRISTINA L. G. , BYRNE PHILLIP G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHeavy metal pollution has likely played an important role in global biodiversity decline, but there remains a paucity of information concerning the effects of metals on amphibian diversity. This study assessed anuran species richness and distribution in relation to sediment metal content and water chemistry in wetlands located along the Merri Creek corridor in Victoria, south‐eastern Australia. Anurans were present in 60% (21/35) of study sites, with a total of six species detected: the eastern common froglet (Crinia signifera), the eastern sign‐bearing froglet (Crinia parinsignifera), the southern brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii), the growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis), the eastern banjo frog (Limnodynastes dumerilii) and the spotted marsh frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis). Mean species richness was 1.77 ± 0.32 per site, and species richness ranged from zero to six species per site. Across sites, species richness correlated negatively with sediment concentrations of six heavy metals: copper, nickel, lead, zinc, cadmium and mercury. Species richness also correlated negatively with wetland water electrical conductivity (a proxy for salinity) and concentrations of orthophosphate. Distributions of the three most commonly observed frog species (C. signifera, L. tasmaniensis and L. ewingii) were significantly negatively associated with the total level of metal contamination at individual sites. The study is the first to provide evidence for an association between metal contamination and anuran species richness and distribution in the southern hemisphere, adding to a small but growing body of evidence that heavy metal pollution has contributed to global amphibian decline.
Assortative Mating and Divorce: Evidence from Austrian Register Data
Authors: Frimmel Wolfgang , Halla Martin , Winter-Ebmer Rudolf 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWe show that changes in assortative mating patterns along the dimensions of age, ethnicity, religion and education are not responsible for the increasing marital instability over the last four decades in Austria. Without the rise in the age at marriage, divorce rates would be considerably higher. Immigration and secularization, and the resulting supply of spouses with diverse ethnicity and religious denominations had no overall effect on divorce rates. Countervailing effects—in line with theoretical predictions–offset each other. The rise in the incidence of divorce is most probably caused by increased social acceptance of divorce.
Quantifying the Effect of Area Deprivation on Child Pedestrian Casualties by Using Longitudinal Mixed Models to Adjust for Confounding, Interference and Spatial Dependence
Authors: Graham Daniel J. , McCoy Emma J. , Stephens David A. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe paper investigates the link between area-based socio-economic deprivation and the incidence of child pedestrian casualties. The analysis is conducted by using data for small spatial zones within major British cities over the period 2001–2007. Spatial longitudinal generalized linear mixed models, estimated by using frequentist and Bayesian approaches, are used to address issues of confounding, spatial dependence and transmission of deprivation effects across zones (i.e. interference). The results show a consistent strong deprivation effect across model specifications. The incidence of child pedestrian casualties in the most deprived zones is typically greater than 10 times that in the least deprived zones. Modelling interference through a spatially auto-regressive covariate uncovers a substantially larger effect.
Brain structure abnormalities in adolescent girls with conduct disorder
Authors: Fairchild Graeme , Hagan Cindy C. , Walsh Nicholas D. , Passamonti Luca , Calder Andrew J. , Goodyer Ian M. 
Published: October 2012

Background:  Conduct disorder (CD) in female adolescents is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including teenage pregnancy and antisocial personality disorder. Although recent studies have documented changes in brain structure and function in male adolescents with CD, there have been no neuroimaging studies of female adolescents with CD. Our primary objective was to investigate whether female adolescents with CD show changes in grey matter volume. Our secondary aim was to assess for sex differences in the relationship between CD and brain structure.Methods:  Female adolescents with CD (n = 22) and healthy control participants matched in age, performance IQ and handedness (n = 20) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Group comparisons of grey matter volume were performed using voxel‐based morphometry. We also tested for sex differences using archive data obtained from male CD and control participants.Results:  Female adolescents with CD showed reduced bilateral anterior insula and right striatal grey matter volumes compared with healthy controls. Aggressive CD symptoms were negatively correlated with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume, whereas callous‐unemotional traits were positively correlated with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex volume. The sex differences analyses revealed a main effect of diagnosis on right amygdala volume (reflecting reduced amygdala volume in the combined CD group relative to controls) and sex‐by‐diagnosis interactions in bilateral anterior insula.Conclusions:  We observed structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in emotion processing, reward and empathy in female adolescents with CD, which broadly overlap with those reported in previous studies of CD in male adolescents.
Identification of novel virulence genes and metabolic pathways required for full fitness of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive (Olea europaea) knots
Authors: Matas Isabel M. , Lambertsen Lotte , Rodríguez‐Moreno Luis , Ramos Cayo 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Comparative genomics and functional analysis of Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens have mainly focused on diseases of herbaceous plants; however, there is a general lack of knowledge about the virulence and pathogenicity determinants required for infection of woody plants.
Here, we applied signature‐tagged mutagenesis (STM) to Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi during colonization of olive (Olea europaea) knots, with the goal of identifying the range of genes linked to growth and symptom production in its plant host.
A total of 58 different genes were identified, and most mutations resulted in hypovirulence in woody olive plants. Sequence analysis of STM mutations allowed us to identify metabolic pathways required for full fitness of P. savastanoi in olive and revealed novel mechanisms involved in the virulence of this pathogen, some of which are essential for full colonization of olive knots by the pathogen and for the lysis of host cells.
This first application of STM to a P. syringae‐like pathogen provides confirmation of functional capabilities long believed to play a role in the survival and virulence of this group of pathogens but not adequately tested before, and unravels novel factors not correlated previously with the virulence of other plant or animal bacterial pathogens.
Consistent assessments of pathways toward sustainable development and climate stabilization
Authors: Akimoto Keigo , Sano Fuminori , Hayashi Ayami , Homma Takashi , Oda Junichiro , Wada Kenichi , Nagashima Miyuki , Tokushige Kohko , Tomoda Toshimasa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMany of the numerous difficult issues facing the world today involve relationships entailing trade‐offs and synergies. This study quantitatively assesses some alternative scenarios using integrated assessment models, and provides several indicators relating to sustainable development and climate change, such as indicators of income (per capitaGDP), poverty, water stress, food access, sustainable energy use, energy security, and ocean acidification, with high consistencies among the indicators within a scenario. According to the analyses, economic growth helps improve many of the indicators for sustainable development. On the other hand, climate change will induce some severe impacts such as ocean acidification under a non‐climate intervention scenario (baseline scenario). Deep emission reductions, such as to 2°Cabove the pre‐industrial level, could cause some sustainable development indicators to worsen. There are complex trade‐offs between climate change mitigation levels and several sustainable development indicators. A delicately balanced approach to economic growth will be necessary for sustainable development and responses to climate change.
Penile Abscess and Urethrocutaneous Fistula Following Intracavernous Injection: A Case Report
Authors: Jinga Viorel , Iconaru Virgil 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Intracavernous injection with pharmacological agents is described as a safe and efficient method for erectile dysfunction treatment. Among other adverse events, penile abscess is a potentially difficult-to-treat complication.

Aim
We present a rare case of penile abscess presenting 6 months after intracavernous papaverine injection. The etiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition are discussed briefly.

Methods
A 49-year-old afebrile man presented with the development of distal penile shaft swelling. A 6 × 4-cm tender lump was palpable on the left ventrolateral side, with mobile overlying skin but fixed to underlying tissue, without any local or general signs of infection. The swelling gradually increased in volume over a period of 2 weeks following intracavernous papaverine injection. However, the patient did not seek medical advice for 6 months because of the minimal symptoms associated with his condition.

Results
The abscess was revealed through sub-coronal circumferential skin degloving incision. The thick abscess sheath was incised and pus drained, followed by blunt excision down to the intact cavernosal tunica albuginea. On the 12th postoperative day, the case was further complicated by development of an urethrocutaneous fistula, 6 mm in diameter, on the ventral side of the spongy urethra. The patient was initially managed by suprapubic cystostomy and an Orandi urethroplasty was performed after 3 months. On day 14, post-urethroplasty, the fistula was completely closed and no complaints concerning micturition were reported. At follow-up, the patient showed good functional results in terms of maintained normal sexual function and absent penile curvature.

Conclusion
Penile abscess after intracavernous injection is a rare condition. This unusual case speaks to the importance of a thoughtful surgical management with the need of operating team collaboration in order to resolve the abscess and manage potential complications.
Apocynin Improves Erectile Function in Diabetic Rats through Regulation of NADPH Oxidase Expression
Authors: Li Mingchao , Zhuan Li , Wang Tao , Rao Ke , Yang Jun , Yang Jun , Quan Weihe , Liu Jihong , Ye Zhangqun 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Diabetes is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). The proposed mechanisms responsible for diabetic ED are associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, overactivity of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, as seen in experimental models of diabetic rats.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate whether NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin can ameliorate Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes-related ED by reducing the ROS production and inhibiting the activity of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Methods
The diabetic rats were treated with and without the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin.

Main Outcome Measures
Erectile responses were evaluated by determining mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) with electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Levels of mRNA expression were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Levels of protein expression were examined by Western Blot. ROS production was measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay.

Results
The ratio of Maximum ICP-to-MAP (MaxICP/MAP) was significantly decreased in diabetic ED rats, compared to that of age-matched control rats (P &lt; 0.05). Apocynin improved erectile function of diabetic rats (P &lt; 0.05). Expression levels of RhoA (cytosol), nNOS and eNOS were reduced, compared to those of control rats (P &lt; 0.05). Apocynin significantly elevated their expression levels in diabetic rats (P &lt; 0.05). Expression levels of ROCK1, RhoA (membrane fraction), p-MYPT1 and NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox and p67phox were increased in diabetic rats when compared to those of control rats (P &lt; 0.05), and it was observed that apocynin significantly reduced their expression levels in diabetic rats (P &lt; 0.05). ROS production was increased in diabetic rats when compared to that of control rats (P &lt; 0.05), the effect of apocynin was a reduction in the ROS production in diabetic rats (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin can ameliorate diabetes-related ED by reducing the ROS production and inhibiting the activity of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
Shaeer’s Glans Augmentation Technique: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shaeer Osama 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Augmentation of the glans penis may be indicated for cosmetic reasons, lack of glans tumescence following implantation of a penile prosthesis, or asymmetry following girth augmentation of the shaft. Many augmentation techniques have been offered to increase the length and girth of penile shaft, but not the glans penis, with the exception of hyaluronic acid gel injection that is known to decrease sensitivity of the glans and is restricted for cases with premature ejaculation.

Aim
This work is the first report on glans augmentation by grafting.

Main Outcome Measures
Maximum circumference of the glans, self-reported impression of the augmented volume and glans sensitivity.

Methods
Ten males requesting augmentation of the glans were selected for the study after failing counseling, with normal erectile function and ejaculatory control. Two ventral incisions were cut along the ventral aspects of the coronal sulcus, one on either side of the frenulum. Lateral glans flaps were dissected on either side. The urethra was circumvented, creating a plane all around it. A dermal fat graft was inserted into the space created. The flaps were closed by simple absorbable sutures.

Results
Maximum circumference of the glans increased by 16.6%, declining to 14.2% by the last follow-up visit (10–12 months), a 2.3% decline. Self-reported impression of the augmented volume was high and well maintained over the follow-up period. Glans sensation, engorgement, erectile function, and ejaculatory control were preserved.

Conclusion
This pilot study on glans augmentation by grafting reports promising results with retention of the added volume at 1-year follow-up, preservation sensitivity and engorgement, and no adverse effects on erectile function or ejaculatory control.
Job-Related Strain and Sexual Health Difficulties Among Heterosexual Men from Three European Countries: The Role of Culture and Emotional Support
Authors: Štulhofer Aleksandar , Træen Bente , Carvalheira Ana 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Epidemiological evidence for the association between job-related stress and sexual difficulties in men is largely lacking. Little is known about the factors that may mediate or moderate this relationship.

Aim
This study analyzes the association between job-related difficulties and men's sexual difficulties.

Main Outcome Measures
Job-related difficulties were measured by 10 yes/no questions that addressed a range of adverse workplace situations. The experience of sexual difficulties in the past 12 months was assessed by using seven dichotomous indicators developed in the National Study of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (NATSAL) 2000.

Method
Analyses were carried out using data from a 2011 online study of Portuguese, Croatian, and Norwegian men (N = 2,112). Multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to test the hypothesized association.

Results
Men with job-related concerns reported lower sexual satisfaction than men without such concerns did (F = 7.53, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association between job-related and sexual health concerns. The odds of experiencing one or more sexual health difficulties in the past 12 months were about 1.8 times higher among men who reported the highest levels of workplace difficulties than among men who experienced no such difficulties. The odds of reporting sexual health difficulties were significantly reduced by a higher income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.87, P &lt; 0.01), emotional intimacy with one's partner (AOR = 0.93, P &lt; 0.001), having children (AOR = 0.62–0.66, P &lt; 0.01), and country-specific effects (AOR = 1.98–2.22, P &lt; 0.001). In all three countries, the relationship between job-related and sexual health difficulties was mediated by anxiety and depression.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that negative mood is the mechanism behind the association between workplace strain and sexual difficulties. Emotional support, such as couple intimacy and fatherhood, can reduce—independently from sociocultural and socioeconomic factors—the risk of sexual health concerns.
Salvage Management of Prolonged Ischemic Priapism: Al-Ghorab Shunt Plus Cavernous Tunneling with Blunt Cavernosotomy
Authors: Shiraishi Koji , Matsuyama Hideyasu 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The management of ischemic priapism (IP), especially in cases of prolonged IP (PIP), is enigmatic. The T-shaped shunt and intracavernous tunneling and the corporal “snake” maneuver have been reported as effective surgical procedures for PIP; however, management of the PIP that is refractory to these procedures is controversial.

Aim
The present study is a report of two PIP cases that were successfully treated by a novel technique.

Methods
Two cases with 5- and 7-day histories of IP that were refractory to T-shaped shunt and intracavernous tunneling or the corporal “snake” maneuver, respectively, were included in this study. After creating the Al-Ghorab distal shunts, part of the cavernous tissue was bluntly excised with Pean forceps through the shunts to create a large drainage route. The effectiveness, safety and effect on erectile function after this procedure were assessed.

Results
In both cases, the erection and penile pain were immediately diminished, and corporal blood flow measured by color Doppler ultrasonography was restored after the surgery. There was no urethral injury or perforation of the tunica albuginea. Pathological findings showed that the excised tissues were fibrotic and necrotic. There was no recurrence of IP after the salvage surgery. One patient noticed partial erection, and the administration of sildenafil was effective for completing sexual intercourse.

Conclusion
Al-Ghorab distal shunt plus cavernous tunneling with blunt cavernosotomy creates a large blood drainage route by removing the necrotic or fibrous cavernous tissues. Further investigation regarding to erectile function is needed; however, this procedure is safe and effective even in repeat cases after T-shaped shunt and intracavernous tunneling or the corporal “snake” maneuver.