bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecific hybridization in a large-river population of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout: A 20-year programmatic evaluation
Authors: Hargrove John S. , Campbell Matthew R. , Gunnell Kelly , High Brett , Johnson Clark , Kennedy Patrick A. , Loxterman Janet L. , Ptacek Margaret B. , Seiler Steven M. , Keeley Ernest R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Hybridization between native and nonnative fishes represents a global threat to biodiversity. Understanding how hybridization changes in response to management actions is critical to evaluating the efficacy of conservation efforts.

Methods
We quantified changes in levels of hybridization between Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the South Fork Snake River watershed, where a multipronged approach has been implemented to protect the evolutionary distinctiveness of one of the last remaining large-river populations of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout.

Result
Over a 20-year period, we observed an increase in the number of sample reaches without hybrids in the South Fork Snake River watershed; however, contrasting patterns were noted in main-stem and tributary reaches. Through time, hybrid abundance increased at main-stem reaches of the South Fork Snake River below Palisades Dam but decreased in tributaries. Efforts to reduce hybridization in spawning tributaries, including both suppression and selective passage weirs, were effective at preventing the expansion of hybridization in resident and migratory populations. Multimodel inference was used to understand factors affecting levels of hybridization, and year, sampling reach, and the interaction thereof was identified as the best-fit model but explained only a small percentage of the overall variation, suggesting that other factors not captured in our model were driving patterns in hybridization.

Conclusion
Changes in hybridization in the South Fork Snake River watershed are likely the result of multiple processes, namely management actions to reduce Rainbow Trout and hybrids in tributaries, as well as demographic changes in Rainbow Trout in the main-stem river below Palisades Dam. Our results suggest that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout populations in the South Fork Snake River watershed have not experienced widespread interspecific hybridization with Rainbow Trout but that proactive management will be necessary to ensure long-term conservation.
Don't count your eggs before they resorb: Early collection of ovarian follicles influences estimates of Lake Trout fecundity in Yellowstone Lake
Authors: Treanor Hilary B. , Koel Todd M. , Puchany Andriana R. , Detjens Colleen R. , Webb Molly A. H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Understanding recruitment dynamics is necessary to predict population-level responses to exploitation, management actions, or anthropogenic influences. Fecundity is commonly used as a metric of recruitment dynamics and can guide successful management of fisheries. However, an individual female's fecundity is not constant over time; females resorb ovarian follicles to regulate fecundity as they approach spawning. This suggests that sampling for fecundity too early may produce inaccurate estimates of relative fecundity. In Yellowstone National Park, suppression of invasive Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush reduced the abundance of mature fish by 92% between 2012 and 2022. The continued efficacy of this suppression effort requires accurate assessments of reproductive potential of the population that remains.

Methods
We sought to determine whether the timing of ovarian follicle collection affected estimates of mean relative fecundity. We collected ovarian follicles from female Lake Trout, which are autumn spawners, between mid-August and early October in 2021 and 2022. The number of ovarian follicles per sample was counted to obtain estimates of relative fecundity for each female.

Result
We observed a 13% decline in estimated mean relative fecundity between individuals that were sampled before mid-September and those that were sampled after mid-September.

Conclusion
Our data support strategic timing of fecundity sampling to best capture the true reproductive capability of a population, which is a key metric used in models that guide adaptive management of fishes.
Yellow Perch length estimated from filleted, head, and mandible length measurements
Authors: Knight Carey T. , Montague Graham F. , Shoup Daniel E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Yellow Perch Perca flavescens are popular sport fish; however, obtaining adequate length data can be problematic during low-abundance years. Using fish from the sport fishery cleaning stations provides a possible source of data, but fish from this source have already been filleted, making length data questionable, and may not have intact backbones, so lengths cannot be determined. Therefore, we tested if Yellow Perch total length measured from filleted fish are similar to the total length measured before filleting and we also developed regression equations to predict total length from filleted fish length, head length, or mandible lengths and compared their accuracy to known total lengths.

Methods
Yellow Perch were collected from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources standardized bottom trawl survey. Each fish was measured for total length using a measuring board, and head and mandible lengths were measured with digital calipers. A subset of fish (N = 46) was filleted, and total length was again measured to see if filleting altered length measurements. We used linear regression with 10-fold cross validation to estimate the total length of Yellow Perch from filleted fish length, head length, and mandible length.

Result
Our results show that all three measurements were good predictors (R2 &gt; 0.98) of fish total length, with precision being greatest for filleted length, followed by head length (mandible length had notably lower precision). Filleted fish lengths were significantly longer than intact total length, but we provide a regression equation that can be used to estimate unfilleted length using filleted fish length.

Conclusion
We recommend estimating total length from filleted length regression or head length regression in cases when total length cannot be directly measured. Our mandible length regression can also be used, but it was slightly less precise than the head length regression, which should be used instead when practical.
Comparing costs associated with management of antibiotic‐recalcitrant recurrent urinary tract infections for one year pre‐ and post‐electrofulguration
Authors: Gaitonde Shivani , Kuprasertkul Amy , Christie Alana L. , Alhalabi Feras , Crivelli Joseph J. , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo quantify and compare recurrent urinary tract infection costs between 1 year before and 1 year after electrofulguration.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, a well‐characterized cohort of non‐neurogenic women with >3 symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs)/year, a negative upper and lower urinary tract evaluation, and inflammatory bladder lesions (cystitis) on office cystoscopy who underwent fulguration of these lesions was analyzed. Cost of visits, imaging, labs, and medications were summed for 1‐year pre‐ and post‐fulguration using the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, local pharmacy pricing, and institutional expenses. Before fulguration, all patients underwent clinic visit, noninvasive flow study, and flexible cystoscopy, and post‐fulguration, 6‐week follow‐up visit and 6‐month cystoscopy.ResultsNinety‐three women met study criteria (mean age 64), with 100% 1‐year follow‐up. Before fulguration, 73% of patients used daily antibiotic suppression, 6% self‐start antibiotics, and 5% postcoital prophylaxis. Some also used vaginal estrogens (17%), urinary analgesics (13%), and cranberry or d‐mannose supplements (7%). At 1 year post‐fulguration, 82% had 0–1 infections and no cystoscopy evidence of cystitis, while 14% required additional fulguration for new cystitis sites and recurrent infections. Patients had on average 0.7 infections in the 1‐year post‐fulguration, which was significantly lower than pre‐fulguration (p < 0.05). Mean 1‐year pre‐fulguration cost was $1328 (median $1071, range $291–$5564). Mean 1‐year post‐fulguration cost was $617 (median $467, range $275–$4580). On average, post‐fulguration costs were $710 lower than pre‐EF (p < 0.05).ConclusionFor women with antibiotic‐refractory recurrent urinary tract infections and cystoscopy evidence of cystitis, fulguration was associated with a significant reduction in UTI‐related costs in the 1‐year post‐fulguration.
Why are continent catheterizable channels continent? A stomal pressure profilometry feasibility study
Authors: Christiaans Coen H. H. , Polm Pepijn D. , van Steenbergen Thomas R. F. , Wyndaele Michel I. A. , de Kort Laetitia M. O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionA continent catheterizable channel (CCC) may be a solution for patients with impaired bladder emptying and difficult transurethral access. Leakage of the CCC is a common complication. To prevent leakage, the pressure in the CCC has to be higher than the reservoir (bladder/pouch) pressure in at least one location. It has not been clearly defined through which mechanism(s) the CCC achieves continence. In this feasibility study, we measured the CCC pressure profile in adult patients with various types of CCC's with and without stomal leakage.MethodsAdult patients with a CCC on a (augmented) bladder or pouch who underwent a urodynamic investigation between January and March 2023 were included. Next to the standard urodynamic investigation, a continuous stomal pressure measurement (CSP) and stomal pressure profilometry with empty bladder (SPP‐1) and with filled bladder (SPP‐2) of the CCC were performed.ResultsA total of 17 patients were included. It was technically possible to perform SPP‐1 and SPP‐2 in all patients, and to measure the CSP in 16/17 patients. The median maximum stomal pressures in SPP‐1 and SPP‐2 were 112 (interquartile range [IQR], 76–140) cmH2O and 120 (IQR, 92–140) cmH2O, respectively. Nine patients had stomal leakage during the urodynamic investigation. In five patients, the detrusor leak point pressure (dLPP) was low (<20 cmH2O). A pressure peak at the beginning of SPP‐2 was absent in all patients with stomal leakage at low dLPP.ConclusionSPP and CSP measurement in CCCs are feasible. We found differences in SPP‐2 between patients with and without leakage at low dLPP, indicative of a role of the intravesical tunnel in continence or high dLPP. The results of this study may improve our understanding of the physiology and dynamics of CCCs as well as the management of CCC‐related complications.
Enhancing electrochemical degradation resistance in EPDM/CB composites: A comprehensive approach to achieve optimal physico‐mechanical properties for automotive applications
Authors: Buhari Sudheer , Vinayak Manikkedath V. , Keerthi Mohan A. , Rhee Kyong Yop , Asif A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the present study, a peroxide‐cured ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composite with a non‐conductive path achieved through the use of a special‐grade carbon black, resistant to electrochemical degradation, for automotive applications, especially in the manufacturing of radiator coolant hoses, has been developed. The most significant aspect of this study is that the developed composite exhibits optimized physico‐mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and compression set, along with considerable thermal stability and cold flexibility. Both sulfur‐cured and peroxide‐vulcanized EPDM composites were prepared, and the final validation of the composite was obtained through a comprehensive comparison of these properties. The composite's stability was confirmed through heat aging measurements and glycol‐water coolant immersion tests. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of the composite was analyzed using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The novel composite was characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies, and its surface morphology was examined via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). The cold flexibility crack formation test was conducted in accordance with ASTM D 2137, and the electrochemical degradation (ECD) resistance test was carried out following SAE J 1684 method 2. The results indicate that the developed composite remained free from crack formation during these tests.Highlights
Novel EPDM composite resists ECD in radiator hoses.
Optimized physico‐mechanical properties achieved.
Thorough validation of sulfur versus peroxide curing.
Successful prevention of crack formation.
Comprehensive analysis: TGA, DSC, FE‐SEM, FTIR.
New York cystic fibrosis consortium newborn screening quality improvement: Development and implementation of a statewide consensus recommendations for management of infants with CFTR‐related metabolic syndrome
Authors: Choudhary Saroj , Muise Eleanor D. , Hammouda Soumia , Goetz Danielle , Giusti Robert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNew York (NY) State implemented a new cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screen (NBS) algorithm in December 2017 with improvement in positive predictive value and unanticipated increased identification of infants with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)‐related metabolic syndrome (CRMS). Repeat sweat testing is recommended in infants with CRMS. During the COVID‐19 pandemic infants with CRMS were lost to follow up. With this quality improvement (QI) initiative, we aimed to perform repeat sweat testing in 25% of infants lost to follow up. We also describe consensus recommendations for CRMS from the NY CF NBS Consortium.MethodsOur QI team identified the primary drivers contributing to absent follow up, outreached to families, and created a questionnaire to evaluate parental understanding of CRMS using QI‐based strategies.ResultsOf 350 infants diagnosed with CRMS during the study period, 179 (51.1%) infants were lost to follow up. A total of 31 (17.3%) were scheduled for repeat sweat tests and followed up at CF Centers. Families reported high satisfaction with the CRMS knowledge questionnaire.ConclusionsWith this QI‐based approach, we effectively recaptured infants with CRMS previously lost to follow up during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Ongoing concerns about infection risk and lack of understanding on the part of families and pediatricians likely contributed to patients with CRMS lost to follow up. Consensus recommendations for CRMS include annual visits with repeat sweat testing until 2–6 years of age and education for adolescents about clinical and reproductive implications of CRMS.
Natural hypoglycaemic bioactives: Newer avenues and newer possibilities
Authors: Paul Rakesh Kumar , Raza Kaisar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe incidences of endocrine and metabolic disorders like diabetes have increased worldwide. Several proposed molecular pathways mechanisms for the management of diabetes have been identified, but glycaemic control is still a challenging task in the drug discovery process. Most of the drug discovery processes lead to numerous scaffolds that are prominent in natural products. The review deals with the natural bioactives as an α‐amylase inhibitors, α‐glucosidase inhibitors, protein tyrosine phosphatase‐1B inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors, G‐protein coupled receptors‐40 agonists, PPAR‐γ agonists and the activators of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and glucokinase. So, in this review, we focused on the hypoglycaemic bioactives, which will assist scientific developers, traditional medicinal practitioners, and readers to discover some potent antidiabetic molecules. Strategies like chemometric approaches, scaffold hopping, and total synthesis of natural products by group modification or ring opening/closing mechanism could be useful for the development of novel hit/lead antidiabetic molecules. The study concludes that each phyto molecule inherits a potential to get explored by repurposing techniques for various antidiabetic targets and offer an alternative antidiabetic therapeutic medicinal potential.
Developing δ15N and δ13C isoscapes using whole blood from Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus
Authors: Gonzalez Juliana F. , Sánchez‐Carnero Noela , Frere Esteban , Yorio Pablo , Ciancio Javier E. 
Published: July 2024

RationaleUnderstanding the migration of marine animals is hindered by the limitations of traditional tracking methods. It is therefore crucial to develop alternative methods. Stable isotope‐based tracking has proven useful for this task, although it requires detailed isoscapes in the focal area. Here, we present predator‐based isoscapes of the coastal zone of the Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (PSLME), which offers a novel tool for geolocation.MethodsWhole‐blood samples from breeding Magellanic penguins nesting at 11 colonies were used to create δ15N and δ13C isoscapes. Isotopic values were assigned to random positions inside their corresponding foraging area. Spatial analysis and data interpolation resulted in δ15N and δ13C isoscapes for the coastal zone of the PSLME, which were validated through cross‐validation.ResultsThe isoscapes mean standard error ranged from 0.05 to 0.41 for δ15N and from 0.07 to 0.3 for δ13C, similar to the error range of the mass spectrometer used for measuring isotope ratios. Predictive surfaces reflected the latitudinal trends, with δ13C and δ15N values increasing northwards. δ13C values showed a strong latitudinal gradient, while δ15N values had two distinct domains, with higher values in the north. The error surface indicated the highest certainty within 130 km from the shore and within the reported Magellanic penguin foraging areas.ConclusionsBoth isoscapes revealed strong spatial variation. The δ13C isoscape showed a latitudinal gradient, consistent with patterns in other oceans. The δ15N isoscape clearly separated northern and southern colonies, likely influenced by nitrogen sources. The error obtained fell within the measurement error ranges, adding credibility to the models.
Controlled Fabrication of Metallic MoO2 Nanosheets towards High‐Performance p‐Type 2D Transistors
Authors: Li Tianchi , Jiang Wengui , Wu Yonghuang , Zhou Liang , Ye Huanyu , Geng Yuchen , Hu Minghui , Liu Kai , Wang Rongming , Sun Yinghui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are extensively employed as channel materials in advanced electronic devices. The electrical contacts between electrodes and 2D semiconductors play a crucial role in the development of high‐performance transistors. While numerous strategies for electrode interface engineering have been proposed to enhance the performance of n‐type 2D transistors, upgrading p‐type ones in a similar manner remains a challenge. In this work, significant improvements in a p‐type WSe2 transistor are demonstrated by utilizing metallic MoO2 nanosheets as the electrode contact, which are controllably fabricated through physical vapor deposition and subsequent annealing. The MoO2 nanosheets exhibit an exceptional electrical conductivity of 8.4 × 104 S m‒1 and a breakdown current density of 3.3 × 106 A cm‒2. The work function of MoO2 nanosheets is determined to be ≈5.1 eV, making them suitable for contacting p‐type 2D semiconductors. Employing MoO2 nanosheets as the electrode contact in WSe2 transistors results in a notable increase in the field‐effect mobility to 92.0 cm2 V‒1 s‒1, which is one order of magnitude higher than the counterpart devices with conventional electrodes. This study not only introduces an intriguing 2D metal oxide to improve the electrical contact in p‐type 2D transistors, but also offers an effective approach to fabricating all‐2D devices.
Fully Printed Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Based on High‐k Perovskite Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Pengxiang , Dang Feng , Zhang Xin , Nan Ce‐Wen , Li Bao‐Wen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrinting technology enables the integration of chemically exfoliated perovskite nanosheets into high‐performance microcapacitors. Theoretically, the capacitance value can be further enhanced by designing and constructing multilayer structures without increasing the device size. Yet, issues such as interlayer penetration in multilayer heterojunctions constructed using inkjet printing technology further limit the realization of this potential. Herein, a series of multilayer configurations, including Ag/(Ca2NaNb4O13/Ag)n and graphene/(Ca2NaNb4O13/graphene)n (n = 1–3), are successfully inkjet‐printed onto diverse rigid and flexible substrates through optimized ink formulations, inkjet printing parameters, thermal treatment conditions, and rational multilayer structural design using high‐k perovskite nanosheets, graphene nanosheets and silver. The dielectric performance is optimized by fine‐tuning the number of dielectric layers and modifying the electrode/dielectric interface. As a result, the graphene/(Ca2NaNb4O13/graphene)3 multilayer ceramic capacitors exhibit a remarkable capacitance density of 346 ± 12 nF cm−2 and a high dielectric constant of 193 ± 18. Additionally, these devices demonstrate moderate insulation properties, flexibility, thermal stability, and chemical sensitivity. This work shed light on the potential of multilayer structural design in additive manufacturing of high‐performance 2D material‐based ceramic capacitors.
The Nordic Municipal CEO Model: Stability in Change
Authors: Hlynsdóttir Eva Marín , Cregård Anna , Hansen Morten Balle , Sandberg Siv , Solli Rolf , Torjesen Dag Olaf , Torsteinsen Harald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this concluding chapter of the book Managing Nordic Local Governments: Paradoxes and Challenges of the Municipal Chief Executive, we present the main findings in relation to the Nordic municipal chief executive officer (MCEO) model of embeddedness. The MCEO role is discussed in relation to each of the seven conditions: the local–national welfare state, the governance model, regional dynamics and disparities, political–administrative organizations, leadership expectations, public servants, and career systems. Each of the seven conditions is put into context with the demands, constraints, and choices of the MCEO position to demonstrate the entangled institutional web of the position of the Nordic MCEO. The chapter concludes by discussing the research questions of the book. The main findings of the book suggest that the fundamentals of the MCEO position remain relatively stable over the study period, demonstrating incremental rather than major changes. In sum, the role of the Nordic MCEO has a long tradition, and its importance does not seem to be diminishing; rather, it is the opposite.
Three-particle formalism for multiple channels: the ηππ + $$ K\overline{K}\pi $$ system in isosymmetric QCD
Authors: Draper Zachary T. , Sharpe Stephen R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We generalize previous three-particle finite-volume formalisms to allow for multiple three-particle channels. For definiteness, we focus on the two-channel ηππ and $$ K\overline{K}\pi $$
K

K
¯

π
system in isosymmetric QCD, considering the positive G parity sector of the latter channel, and neglecting the coupling to modes with four or more particles. The formalism we obtain is thus appropriate to study the b1(1235) and η(1295) resonances. The derivation is made in the generic relativistic field theory approach using the time-ordered perturbation theory method. We study how the resulting quantization condition reduces to that for a single three-particle channel when one drops below the upper ($$ K\overline{K}\pi $$
K

K
¯

π
) threshold. We also present parametrizations of the three-particle K matrices that enter into the formalism.