bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contributions of cytogenetics, genetics, and epigenetics to the stability of plants polyploidy
Authors: Harun Arrashid , Fang Zhongming , Chen Chunli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsually polyploid plants have difficulties in stabilizing and adapting to new genomic and phenotypic environments, especially in the early stages of their first generation compared with diploid. This review, systematically describes different methods of the formation of plant polyploids and then their cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic contributions for polyploid formation, stability, and adoption. Stable polyploid plants exhibit remarkable cytogenetic characteristics including chromosome numbers, chromosomal behavior, rearrangement, and nuclear-cytoplasmic genomes interaction (NCI). Significant genetic and epigenetic characteristics change including gene expression, imprinting, paramutation, gene dosage effect, tissue-specific gene expression, methylation, and histone modification. Besides, two meiotic genes play an important role in the stability of wheat and Brassica. polyploids. All changes assist polyploid plants in surviving and adapting within their diploid parents. This review also highlights the remarkable phenotypic changes in polyploid stable plants compared to the diploid, which has a significant effect on their improvement and diversity. The polyploid technique has been used to develop new plant species with desirable traits for agricultural improvement and genetic variability.
Getting the Race Wrong: A Case Study of Sampling Bias and Black Voters in Online, Opt-In Polls
Authors: Hopkins Daniel J. , Halm William , Huerta Melissa , Torres Josearmando 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearchers are increasingly reliant on online, opt-in surveys. But prior benchmarking exercises employ national samples, making it unclear whether such surveys can effectively represent Black respondents and other minorities nationwide. This paper presents the results of uncompensated online and in-person surveys administered chiefly in one racially diverse American city—Philadelphia—during its 2023 mayoral primary. The participation rate for online surveys promoted via Facebook and Instagram was .4%, with White residents and those with college degrees more likely to respond. Such biases help explain why neither our surveys nor public polls correctly identified the Democratic primary’s winner, an establishment-backed Black Democrat. Even weighted, geographically stratified online surveys typically underestimate the winner’s support, although an in-person exit poll does not. We identify some similar patterns in Chicago. These results indicate important gaps in the populations represented in contemporary opt-in surveys and suggest that alternative survey modes help reduce them.
When Do Voters See Fraud? Evaluating the Effects of Poll Supervision on Perceptions of Integrity
Authors: Mbozi Fanisi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhat shapes voter perceptions of election outcomes? Recent disputes in Malawi and Kenya highlight the vulnerability of local vote counts to accusations of malfeasance, which often generate negative public perceptions of vote reliability. Election monitoring in these countries is thought to crucially affect both the quality of the election and voters’ perceptions of the same. To date, most research on this topic has focused on the effect of non-partisan electoral observers. However, in many countries, two other interest groups also monitor the vote-counting process: political party agents and government election officials. Does the presence of these actors also affect voter perceptions of election integrity? To answer this question, I conducted a conjoint experiment in Malawi and Kenya in which voters evaluate the reliability of vote counts from hypothetical polling stations where the presence of party agents, non-partisan observers, and election officials is varied. I find that the presence of each of these groups does indeed shape voter perceptions: voters are more likely to view vote counts as reliable when they are co-signed by a party agent, election official, or non-partisan observer. Further, these preferences persist regardless of the voters’ own party affiliation or trust in electoral institutions.
Geochemical and Radiogenic Sr‐Nd Isotope Characterization of Widespread Sandy Surface Sediments in the Great Indian Desert, Thar: Implications for Provenance Studies
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rohan , Singh Satinder Pal , Qasim Abul , Chandrashekhar Azad Kashyap 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding large desert formation/evolution contributing to regional‐to‐global dust cycles remains a challenge. This study presents the geochemical and Sr‐Nd isotope compositions of 51 surface sediment samples collected from the widespread hyper‐arid Thar Desert in northwestern India. The major objective is to determine sediment provenance for a better understanding of the formation/evolution mechanism of this Great Indian Desert as well as downwind dust contributions toward the Himalayas. The compositionally immature sandy Thar sediments (CIA ∼50 ± 4, WIP ∼49 ± 12, and EuN/Eu* ∼0.80 ± 0.13) are recycled materials derived from the Himalayan orogen and later modified by quartz addition and heavy mineral depletion/sorting processes. The 87Sr/86Sr (0.7259 ± 0.0012 and εNd (−12.5 ± 2.7) in the bulk of these Thar sediments are different from the earlier published compositions of the eolian sand deposits in northwestern India. The subcategories of Thar materials collected from different dune types exposed over different lithologies (Quaternary alluvium vs. Tertiary and Mesozoic sedimentary formations) are geochemically and isotopically indistinguishable, which indicates their cogenetic sources and/or sediment reworking. Thar sediments collected in this study have a predominant Indus origin along with significant contributions from the upwind Ghaggar‐Hakra paleochannels. The Indus sediments are most likely wind‐eroded from the shelf region exposed during the low sea stand of LGM and afterward deglaciation. Considering the new and published data sets, the Sr‐Nd isotope budget of dust deposited in the Himalayan frontal glaciers indicates that atmospheric mineral dust contribution from the upwind Indo‐Gangetic Plain proximal to the Himalayas is at par with dust parcels from distant natural deserts.
In Situ Velocity‐Strain Sensitivity Near the San Jacinto Fault Zone Analyzed Through Train Tremors
Authors: Sheng Yixiao , Brenguier Florent , Mordret Aurélien , Higueret Quentin , Aubert Coralie , Pinzon‐Rincon Laura , Hollis Daniel , Vernon Frank , Wyatt Frank , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe utilize train tremors as P‐wave seismic sources to investigate velocity‐strain sensitivity near the San Jacinto Fault Zone. A dense nodal array deployed at the Piñon Flat Observatory is used to detect and identify repeating train energy emitted from a railway in the Coachella valley. We construct P‐wave correlation functions across the fault zone and estimate the spatially averaged dt/t versus strain sensitivity to be 6.25 × 104. Through numerical simulations, we explore how the sensitivity decays exponentially with depth. The optimal solution reveals a subsurface sensitivity of 1.2 × 105 and a depth decay rate of 0.05 km−1. This sensitivity aligns with previous findings but is toward the higher end, likely due to the fractured fault‐zone rocks. The depth decay rate, previously unreported, is notably smaller than assumed in empirical models. This raises the necessity of further investigations of this parameter, which is crucial to study stress and velocity variations at seismogenic depth.
An Investigation of the Third Harmonic Power Line Emission in the Topside Ionosphere During the Recent Solar Minimum Period
Authors: Liao Li , Zhao Shufan , Ma Zhenhui , Shen Xuhui , Peng Huaiyun , Lu HengXin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPower line harmonic radiation (PLHR) events are radiated by electric power systems on the ground at harmonics of the base power system frequency (50 or 60 Hz, depending on the region). We analyze the global third harmonics PLHR at 150 and 180 Hz using electric field data collected by China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite during the recent solar minimum between January 2019 and December 2022. The average frequency spectrum over industrialized areas shows that the third harmonic has a high occurrence rate in the U.S. region, as well as in western China and northern India, but is very low in the European region. In particular, in the China region and the U.S. region, more than 11,000 and 24,000 dayside and nightside third harmonic PLHR events have been detected from 2019 to 2022, respectively. Compared to the 150 Hz PLHR occurrence rate detected above the China region, the 180 Hz PLHR occurrence rate above the U.S. region is higher, which reveals a significant regional difference. In addition, both at nighttime and daytime, the PLHR electric field intensities at 180 Hz are higher than that at 60 Hz above the U.S. region, which is also different from the result above the China region.
Digitizing the Williamstown, Australia Tide‐Gauge Record Back to 1872: Insights Into Changing Extremes
Authors: McInnes Kathleen L. , O’Grady Julian G. , Hague Ben S. , Gregory Rebecca , Hoeke Ron , Trenham Claire , Stephenson Alec 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor Williamstown tide gauge, at the northern‐most point of Port Phillip Bay (PPB), Melbourne, Victoria, tide registers from 1872 to 1966 and marigrams from 1950 to 1966, were digitized to extend sea‐level records back almost 100 years. Despite some vertical datum issues in the early part of the record, the data set is suitable for extreme sea‐level trend analysis after removal of the annual mean sea level. The newly digitized data was combined with the digital record to produce a combined record from 1872 to 2020. Analysis of this record revealed known problems of siltation of the tide gauge stilling well and associated reduction in tidal range at times during 1880–1895 and 1910–1940. A positive trend in tidal amplitude of 0.41 ± 0.01 mm yr−1 was found over 1966–2020, likely due to reduced hydraulic friction at the narrow entrance to PPB. Extreme sea‐level trends were examined over 1872–2020 for storm tides (the combination of storm surge and tide) after removal of the annual mean, and residuals after subtraction of the predicted tides. A non‐stationary Gumbel distribution with a time‐varying location parameter revealed statistically significant declining trends in the residuals of −0.73 ± 0.02 mm yr−1, consistent with the observed poleward movement of storm surge‐producing mid‐latitude weather systems. For storm tides a smaller declining trend of −0.40 ± 0.01 mm yr−1 was found. These trends are approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the current positive rates of mean sea level rise, meaning that storm tide hazard will continue to increase in the future. This information is relevant for future adaptation planning.
Heart rate variability and cognitive functions in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Toyofuku Asuka , Ehrler Melanie , Naef Nadja , Schmid Alenka S. , Kretschmar Oliver , Latal Beatrice , O’Gorman Tuura Ruth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) originates from the interplay between parasympathetic/sympathetic inputs to the heart, thus serving as an indicator of Autonomic Nervous System regulation. Prior research indicates that decreased HRV, marked by reduced autonomic balance, is related to poorer cognitive performance. While the population with congenital heart disease (CHD) show changes in HRV linked with the heart defect, the association between HRV and cognitive functions in CHD remains unexplored.

Methods
46 adolescents with CHD who went through infant open-heart surgery and 64 healthy controls (50.9% males, 12.8 ± 1.4 years) underwent neurodevelopmental testing and photoplethysmograph acquisition. Group differences and associations with cognitive functions were analysed with linear regression. P values were FDR-corrected.

Results
Adolescents with CHD showed lower HRV (quantified by high-frequency power) compared to controls (p < 0.001). Lower HRV was correlated with worse executive function (β = 0.24, p = 0.044) and lower IQ (β = 0.26, p = 0.010) in the whole sample and with lower IQ (β = 0.35, p = 0.014) in the CHD group. These associations were robust to confounders, including age, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate an association between HRV and cognitive functions in adolescents with complex CHD. Early detection of alterations in HRV/autonomic regulation may help to identify children with CHD at risk for cognitive impairments.

Impact

Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) showed lower heart rate variability (HRV), indicating an imbalanced autonomic nervous system.

Lower HRV was associated with lower IQ and executive function (EF) in the whole sample.

The association between HRV and IQ was significantly stronger in CHD than in healthy controls.

This study provides the first evidence of a link between altered HRV and cognitive impairments in the CHD population.

Neurodevelopmental impairments seen in adolescents with CHD could be linked to their altered cardiac autonomic nervous activity, marked by low HRV.
DAP3 promotes mitochondrial activity and tumour progression in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating MT-ND5 expression
Authors: Tan Siyu , Zhang Xiao , Guo Xiaowei , Pan Guoqiang , Yan Lunjie , Ding Ziniu , Li Ruizhe , Wang Dongxu , Yan Yuchuan , Dong Zhaoru , Li Tao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCancer cells often exhibit fragmented mitochondria and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that the mitochondrial protein death-associated protein 3 (DAP3) is localized to mitochondria and promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating mitochondrial function. DAP3 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo by increasing mitochondrial respiration, inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and slowing cellular senescence. Mechanistically, DAP3 can increase mitochondrial complex I activity in HCC cells by regulating the translation and expression of MT-ND5. The phosphorylation of DAP3 at Ser185 mediated by AKT is the key event mediating the mitochondrial localization and function of DAP3 in HCC cells. In addition, the DAP3 expression in HCC samples is inversely correlated with patient survival. Our results revealed a mechanism by which DAP3 promotes mitochondrial function and HCC progression by regulating MT-ND5 translation and expression, indicating that DAP3 may be a therapeutic target for HCC.
Anti-tau single domain antibodies clear pathological tau and attenuate its toxicity and related functional defects
Authors: Nair Sudershana , Jiang Yixiang , Marchal Isabella S. , Chernobelsky Elizabeth , Huang Huai-Wei , Suh Sarah , Pan Ruimin , Kong Xiang-Peng , Ryoo Hyung Don , Sigurdsson Einar M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of tau inclusions. We have developed over fifty anti-tau single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from phage display libraries of a llama immunized with recombinant and pathological tau immunogens. We examined the therapeutic potential of four of these sdAbs in a Drosophila tauopathy model following their transgenic expression either in all neurons or neuronal subtypes. Three of these sdAbs showed therapeutic potential in various assays, effectively clearing pathological tau and attenuating or preventing tau-induced phenotypes that typically manifest as defects in neuronal axonal transport, neurodegeneration, functional impairments, and shortened lifespan. Of these three, one sdAb was superior in every assay, which may at least in part be attributed to its tau-binding epitope. These findings support its development as a gene therapy for tauopathies.
Irrational choices via a curvilinear representational geometry for value
Authors: Jurewicz Katarzyna , Sleezer Brianna J. , Mehta Priyanka S. , Hayden Benjamin Y. , Ebitz R. Becket 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe make decisions by comparing values, but it is not yet clear how value is represented in the brain. Many models assume, if only implicitly, that the representational geometry of value is linear. However, in part due to a historical focus on noisy single neurons, rather than neuronal populations, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. Here, we examine the representational geometry of value in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a part of the brain linked to economic decision-making, in two male rhesus macaques. We find that values are encoded along a curved manifold in vmPFC. This curvilinear geometry predicts a specific pattern of irrational decision-making: that decision-makers will make worse choices when an irrelevant, decoy option is worse in value, compared to when it is better. We observe this type of irrational choices in behavior. Together, these results not only suggest that the representational geometry of value is nonlinear, but that this nonlinearity could impose bounds on rational decision-making.
CRISPR-CasRx-mediated disruption of Aqp1/Adrb2/Rock1/Rock2 genes reduces intraocular pressure and retinal ganglion cell damage in mice
Authors: Yao Mingyu , Zeng Zhenhai , Li Siheng , Zou Zhilin , Chen Zhongxing , Chen Xinyi , Gao Qingyi , Zhao Guoli , Chen Aodong , Li Zheng , Wang Yiran , Ning Rui , McAlinden Colm , Zhou Xingtao , Huang Jinhai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlaucoma affects approximately 80 million individuals worldwide, a condition for which current treatment options are inadequate. The primary risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between the secretion and outflow of aqueous humor. Here we show that using the RNA interference tool CasRx based on shH10 adenovirus-associated virus can reduce the expression of the aqueous humor circulation related genes Rock1 and Rock2, as well as aquaporin 1 and β2 adrenergic receptor in female mice. This significantly reduced intraocular pressure in female mice and provided protection to the retina ganglion cells, ultimately delaying disease progression. In addition, we elucidated the mechanisms by which the knockdown of Rock1 and Rock2, or aquaporin 1 and β2 adrenergic receptor in female mice, reduces the intraocular pressure and secures the retina ganglion cells by single-cell sequencing.
The bearing capacity of asteroid (65803) Didymos estimated from boulder tracks
Authors: Bigot J. , Lombardo P. , Murdoch N. , Scheeres D. J. , Vivet D. , Zhang Y. , Sunshine J. , Vincent J. B. , Barnouin O. S. , Ernst C. M. , Daly R. T. , Sunday C. , Michel P. , Campo-Bagatin A. , Lucchetti A. , Pajola M. , Rivkin A. S. , Chabot N. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe bearing capacity - the ability of a surface to support applied loads - is an important parameter for understanding and predicting the response of a surface. Previous work has inferred the bearing capacity and trafficability of specific regions of the Moon using orbital imagery and measurements of the boulder tracks visible on its surface. Here, we estimate the bearing capacity of the surface of an asteroid for the first time using DART/DRACO images of suspected boulder tracks on the surface of asteroid (65803) Didymos. Given the extremely low surface gravity environment, special attention is paid to the underlying assumptions of the geotechnical approach. The detailed analysis of the boulder tracks indicates that the boulders move from high to low gravitational potential, and provides constraints on whether the boulders may have ended their surface motion by entering a ballistic phase. From the 9 tracks identified with sufficient resolution to estimate their dimensions, we find an average boulder track width and length of 8.9 $$\pm$$
±
1.5 m and 51.6 $$\pm$$
±
13.3 m, respectively. From the track widths, the mean bearing capacity of Didymos is estimated to be 70 N/m2, implying that every 1 m2 of Didymos’ surface at the track location can support only ~70 N of force before experiencing general shear failure. This value is at least 3 orders of magnitude less than the bearing capacity of dry sand on Earth, or lunar regolith.
Flexible neural population dynamics govern the speed and stability of sensory encoding in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Horrocks Edward A. B. , Rodrigues Fabio R. , Saleem Aman B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTime courses of neural responses underlie real-time sensory processing and perception. How these temporal dynamics change may be fundamental to how sensory systems adapt to different perceptual demands. By simultaneously recording from hundreds of neurons in mouse primary visual cortex, we examined neural population responses to visual stimuli at sub-second timescales, during different behavioural states. We discovered that during active behavioural states characterised by locomotion, single-neurons shift from transient to sustained response modes, facilitating rapid emergence of visual stimulus tuning. Differences in single-neuron response dynamics were associated with changes in temporal dynamics of neural correlations, including faster stabilisation of stimulus-evoked changes in the structure of correlations during locomotion. Using Factor Analysis, we examined temporal dynamics of latent population responses and discovered that trajectories of population activity make more direct transitions between baseline and stimulus-encoding neural states during locomotion. This could be partly explained by dampening of oscillatory dynamics present during stationary behavioural states. Functionally, changes in temporal response dynamics collectively enabled faster, more stable and more efficient encoding of new visual information during locomotion. These findings reveal a principle of how sensory systems adapt to perceptual demands, where flexible neural population dynamics govern the speed and stability of sensory encoding.
Global distribution and drivers of relative contributions among soil nitrogen sources to terrestrial plants
Authors: Hu Chao-Chen , Liu Xue-Yan , Driscoll Avery W. , Kuang Yuan-Wen , Brookshire E. N. Jack , Lü Xiao-Tao , Chen Chong-Juan , Song Wei , Mao Rong , Liu Cong-Qiang , Houlton Benjamin Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoil extractable nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen (N) are essential N sources supporting primary productivity and regulating species composition of terrestrial plants. However, it remains unclear how plants utilize these N sources and how surface-earth environments regulate plant N utilization. Here, we establish a framework to analyze observational data of natural N isotopes in plants and soils globally, we quantify fractional contributions of soil nitrate (fNO3-), ammonium (fNH4+), and organic N (fEON) to plant-used N in soils. We find that mean annual temperature (MAT), not mean annual precipitation or atmospheric N deposition, regulates global variations of fNO3-, fNH4+, and fEON. The fNO3- increases with MAT, reaching 46% at 28.5 °C. The fNH4+ also increases with MAT, achieving a maximum of 46% at 14.4 °C, showing a decline as temperatures further increase. Meanwhile, the fEON gradually decreases with MAT, stabilizing at about 20% when the MAT exceeds 15 °C. These results clarify global plant N-use patterns and reveal temperature rather than human N loading as a key regulator, which should be considered in evaluating influences of global changes on terrestrial ecosystems.