bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quambalaria eucalypti a pathogen of Eucalyptus globulus newly reported in Portugal and in Europe
Authors: Bragança H. , Diogo E. L. F. , Neves L. , Valente C. , Araújo C. , Bonifácio L. , Phillips A. J. L. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Eucalyptus pathogen Quambalaria eucalypti has been reported from several subtropical and tropical countries of the Southern Hemisphere. During the course of a nationwide monitoring programme aimed at the detection of pathogens in commercial eucalypt plantations in Portugal, Q. eucalypti was found affecting Eucalyptus globulus. The identity of the pathogen was confirmed by sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA operon, as well as morphological characteristics. Quambalaria eucalypti is widespread throughout the eucalypt‐producing areas of Portugal. Pathogenicity studies revealed that different host genotypes showed various degrees of susceptibility to the pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Q. eucalypti on Eucalyptus spp. in Portugal and in the Northern Hemisphere.
A definition and classification of status epilepticus – Report of theILAETask Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus
Authors: Trinka Eugen , Cock Hannah , Hesdorffer Dale , Rossetti Andrea O. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Shinnar Shlomo , Shorvon Simon , Lowenstein Daniel H. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Commission on Classification and Terminology and the Commission on Epidemiology of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) have charged a Task Force to revise concepts, definition, and classification of status epilepticus (SE). The proposed new definition ofSEis as follows:Status epilepticus is a condition resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms, which lead to abnormally, prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition, which can have long‐term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures. This definition is conceptual, with two operational dimensions: the first is the length of the seizure and the time point (t1) beyond which the seizure should be regarded as “continuous seizure activity.” The second time point (t2) is the time of ongoing seizure activity after which there is a risk of long‐term consequences. In the case of convulsive (tonic–clonic)SE, both time points (t1at 5 min and t2at 30 min) are based on animal experiments and clinical research. This evidence is incomplete, and there is furthermore considerable variation, so these time points should be considered as the best estimates currently available. Data are not yet available for other forms ofSE, but as knowledge and understanding increase, time points can be defined for specific forms ofSEbased on scientific evidence and incorporated into the definition, without changing the underlying concepts. Anew diagnostic classification systemofSEis proposed, which will provide a framework for clinical diagnosis, investigation, and therapeutic approaches for each patient. There are four axes: (1) semiology; (2) etiology; (3) electroencephalography (EEG) correlates; and (4) age. Axis 1 (semiology) lists different forms ofSEdivided into those with prominent motor systems, those without prominent motor systems, and currently indeterminate conditions (such as acute confusional states with epileptiformEEGpatterns). Axis 2 (etiology) is divided into subcategories of known and unknown causes. Axis 3 (EEGcorrelates) adopts the latest recommendations by consensus panels to use the following descriptors for theEEG: name of pattern, morphology, location, time‐related features, modulation, and effect of intervention. Finally, axis 4 divides age groups into neonatal, infancy, childhood, adolescent and adulthood, and elderly.
Temperature, precipitation, and insolation effects on autumn vegetation phenology in temperate China
Authors: Liu Qiang , Fu Yongshuo H. , Zeng Zhenzhong , Huang Mengtian , Li Xiran , Piao Shilong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAutumn phenology plays a critical role in regulating climate–biosphere interactions. However, the climatic drivers of autumn phenology remain unclear. In this study, we applied four methods to estimate the date of the end of the growing season (EOS) across China's temperate biomes based on a 30‐year normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS). We investigated the relationships of EOS with temperature, precipitation sum, and insolation sum over the preseason periods by computing temporal partial correlation coefficients. The results showed that the EOS date was delayed in temperate China by an average rate at 0.12 ± 0.01 days per year over the time period of 1982–2011. EOS of dry grassland in Inner Mongolia was advanced. Temporal trends of EOS determined across the four methods were similar in sign, but different in magnitude. Consistent with previous studies, we observed positive correlations between temperature and EOS. Interestingly, the sum of precipitation and insolation during the preseason was also associated with EOS, but their effects were biome dependent. For the forest biomes, except for evergreen needle‐leaf forests, the EOS dates were positively associated with insolation sum over the preseason, whereas for dry grassland, the precipitation over the preseason was more dominant. Our results confirmed the importance of temperature on phenological processes in autumn, and further suggested that both precipitation and insolation should be considered to improve the performance of autumn phenology models.
Impact of the combination of cognitive and balance training on gait, fear and risk of falling and quality of life in seniors with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Hagovská Magdaléna , Olekszyová Zuzana 
Published: September 2015

AimTo investigate the effect of specific cognitive training with CogniPlus and balance training, affecting cognitive functioning, gait speed, risk and fear of falling, and quality of life in an elderly cohort with mild cognitive impairment.MethodsThe research sample was composed of 80 older adults with a mild cognitive deficit (mean age 67.07 years) divided into the experimental group (n = 40) and control group (n = 40). This was a randomized, controlled trial. The experimental group carried out selected exercises from the CogniPlus program combined with balance training. Patients participated in 20 sessions twice per week in an outpatient clinic. Both groups completed 30 min of balance training daily for 10 weeks. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The fear of falling was assessed by Falls Efficacy Scale‐I. The static and dynamic aspects of balance were assessed by the Tinetti test and functional stretching. Gait speed was assessed by four forms of the Timed Up & Go test. Quality of life was investigated according to Spitzer.ResultsThe two groups showed significant differences recorded after training in the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Up and Go test with dual tasking, balance by Tinetti test and the quality of life in favor of the experimental group (P < 0.03–0.0001). There were no significant differences found between the groups in the assessment of fear of falling and other monitored parameters.ConclusionsThe combination of selected exercises from the CogniPlus program with balance training contributed to achieving better results than balance training alone for elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1043–1050.
Enhancing homework adherence of Chinese older adults: A case study using Instrumental Reminiscence Intervention
Authors: Lou Vivian Wei Qun , Au Judith Wing Nam , Choy Jacky Chak Pui 
Published: September 2015

AimThe present study aimed to examine effective clinical strategies that facilitate homework adherence among Chinese older adults who participated in group therapy using Instrumental Reminiscence Intervention (IRI) to reduce depressive symptoms.MethodsExamination was based on IRI for 15 groups of older adults, with four to eight participants in each group. Homework assignment was included as a core component of the intervention in each session, except the first session. Particular emphasis was put on both homework design and assignment strategies.ResultsTwo effective strategies were developed. The first was the development of a tactic card as a tool for homework content and assignment. The second strategy was interventionist training. Clinical examples are used to illustrate how these strategies can enhance homework adherence in a Chinese context.ConclusionsThe two clinical strategies were found to be effective in enhancing homework adherence among Chinese older participants in a group therapy setting. These strategies are recommended for use in group clinical settings for Chinese participants. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1153–1160.
Homotopy Perturbation Method‐Based Analytical Solution for Tide‐Induced Groundwater Fluctuations
Authors: Munusamy Selva Balaji , Dhar Anirban 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe groundwater variations in unconfined aquifers are governed by the nonlinear Boussinesq's equation. Analytical solution for groundwater fluctuations in coastal aquifers under tidal forcing can be solved using perturbation methods. However, the perturbation parameters should be properly selected and predefined for traditional perturbation methods. In this study, a new dimensional, higher‐order analytical solution for groundwater fluctuations is proposed by using the homotopy perturbation method with a virtual perturbation parameter. Parameter‐expansion method is used to remove the secular terms generated during the solution process. The solution does not require any predefined perturbation parameter and valid for higher values of amplitude parameter A/D, where A is the amplitude of the tide and D is the aquifer thickness.
Spondyloarthropathy in inflammatory bowel disease patients on TNF inhibitors
Authors: Subramaniam K. , Tymms K. , Shadbolt B. , Pavli P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal symptoms are the most common extra‐intestinal manifestation associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is an umbrella term applied to a group of rheumatic diseases with some features in common and others distinct from other inflammatory arthritides.AimTo determine self‐reported prevalence of SpA associated musculoskeletal manifestations in an IBD cohort on tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors using a questionnaire incorporating Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria.MethodsConsecutive IBD patients on TNF inhibitors attending a single IBD centre (May–September 2011) were asked to complete a SpA questionnaire. Data collected included SpA and IBD variables, demographics, concurrent medications, co‐morbidities and autoimmune serology.ResultsThe 140‐patient cohort included 96 suffering from Crohn disease and 44 from ulcerative colitis. The mean age of disease onset was 29.3 years and 45% were men. Concurrent or past history of inflammatory back pain was reported by 29% subjects. Using the imaging and clinical arms of the ASAS criteria, 30% and 14% subjects respectively had axial SpA. Arthritis was reported by 34%, enthesitis 17%, dactylitis 4%, uveitis 6%, psoriasis 6% and a family history of SpA in 39%. Peripheral SpA was present in 41% by the ASAS criteria. There were no differences in these frequencies between Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. A positive antinuclear antibodies (>1:80) was found in 19% before commencement of TNF inhibitor therapy and increased to 78% on therapy. Clinical drug‐induced lupus erythematosus was uncommon (4%) and was characterised by new clinical signs and symptoms, including arthralgia, rash with elevated dsDNA titres and positive antinuclear antibodies.ConclusionsInflammatory bowel disease patients on TNF inhibitors frequently reported musculoskeletal manifestations. Increased recognition of SpA occurred with use of an SpA self‐reported questionnaire in IBD patients: this could alter management and improve patient outcomes. Clinical drug‐induced lupus erythematosus was uncommon.
Hypertension Control Cascade: A Framework to Improve Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control
Authors: Wozniak Gregory , Khan Tamkeen , Gillespie Cathleen , Sifuentes Lori , Hasan Omar , Ritchey Matthew , Kmetik Karen , Wynia Matthew 
Published: September 2015

Evidence‐based interventions differ for increasing hypertension awareness, treatment, and control and should be targeted for specific patient panels. This study developed a hypertension control cascade to identify patients with a usual source of care represented at each level of the cascade using the 2007–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall, 10.7 million adults in the United States were unaware of their condition, 3.8 million were aware but untreated, and 15.8 million were treated but uncontrolled. The results also suggest that failure to attain hypertension control because of lack of awareness or lack of treatment despite awareness occurs mainly among younger individuals and those with no annual healthcare visits, while the elderly and minorities are more likely to remain uncontrolled when aware and treated. Opportunities to leverage population health management functions in electronic health information systems to align the specific patient subgroups facing barriers to hypertension control at each level of the cascade with targeted hypertension management interventions are discussed.
The IκB kinase inhibitor ACHP strongly attenuates TGFβ1‐induced myofibroblast formation and collagen synthesis
Authors: Mia Masum M. , Bank Ruud A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExcessive accumulation of a collagen‐rich extracellular matrix (ECM) by myofibroblasts is a characteristic feature of fibrosis, a pathological state leading to serious organ dysfunction. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) is a strong inducer of myofibroblast formation and subsequent collagen production. Currently, there are no remedies for the treatment of fibrosis. Activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway by phosphorylating IκB with the enzyme IκB kinase (IKK) plays a major role in the induction of fibrosis. ACHP {2‐Amino‐6‐[2‐(cyclopropylmethoxy)‐6‐hydroxyphenyl]‐4‐(4‐piperidinyl)‐3 pyridinecarbonitrile}, a selective inhibitor of IKK, prohibits the activation of the NF‐κB pathway. It is not known whether ACHP has potential anti‐fibrotic properties. Using adult human dermal and lung fibroblasts we have investigated whether ACHP has the ability to inhibit the TGFβ1‐induced transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and its excessive synthesis of ECM. The presence of ACHP strongly suppressed the induction of the myofibroblast markers alpha‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and SM22α, as well as the deposition of the ECM components collagen type I and fibronectin. Furthermore, post‐treatment with ACHP partly reversed the expression of αSMA and collagen type I production. Finally, ACHP suppressed the expression of the three collagen‐modifying enzymes lysyl hydroxylase (PLOD1, PLOD2 and PLOD3) in dermal fibroblasts, but did not do so in lung fibroblasts. We conclude that the IKK inhibitor ACHP has potent antifibrotic properties, and that the NF‐κB pathway plays an important role in myofibroblast biology.
Real‐life effectiveness of once‐daily calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate gel vs. ointment formulations in psoriasis vulgaris: final analysis of the 52‐week PRO‐long study
Authors: Lambert J. , Hol C.W. , Vink J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundTopical therapies are the mainstay of treatment for psoriasis vulgaris. The fixed combination of calcipotriol (Cal) 50 μg/g plus betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate; BD) is a first‐line topical treatment and available as a gel or ointment. The use of these fixed combination products was compared in PRO‐long, a long‐term noninterventional study, for which interim results (4 and 12 weeks) have previously been reported.ObjectiveTo describe and compare patients’ perspectives on the fixed combination gel and ointment formulations; to include efficacy, adherence behaviour, treatment satisfaction and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) aspects during long‐term real‐life psoriasis management.MethodsPRO‐long was a multicentre, prospective, observational, 52‐week study of patients prescribed fixed combination Cal/BD gel or ointment in clinical practice. For final analysis the following were assessed at weeks 24, 36 and 52: differences in the proportion of patients with ‘mild’/‘very mild’ disease according to patient's global assessment of disease severity, adherence behaviour, treatment satisfaction (nine‐item treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medication) and HRQoL (Skindex‐29).ResultsPatients (n = 328) were prescribed once‐daily Cal/BD gel (n = 152) or ointment (n = 176). At week 52, a higher proportion of patients reported that the severity of their psoriasis was ‘mild’/‘very mild’ vs. baseline (gel: 60.2 vs. 47.1%; ointment: 58.8 vs. 42.4%), with greater treatment satisfaction reported in patients using gel vs. those using ointment. A higher proportion of patients found the gel ‘easy’ to use compared with the ointment (66.7 vs. 45.2%). Daily application of treatment took ≤5 min for 86.1% of patients using gel and 71.0% of patients using ointment.ConclusionThis real‐life study has demonstrated similar effectiveness between the Cal/BD formulations. However, over a 52‐week treatment period, patients reported greater treatment satisfaction with the gel, which was considered easier to use, faster to apply and overall a more convenient product.
INDUSTRY MOMENTUM IN AN EARLIER TIME: EVIDENCE FROM THE COWLES DATA
Authors: Szakmary Andrew C. , Zhou Xiwen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVirtually all evidence on the efficacy of momentum strategies arises from the post‐1962 era, and momentum returns across different markets and asset classes are highly positively correlated. We examine industry momentum in an earlier time and find that these strategies would have earned gross returns over the 1900–1925 period that are at least equal to those in the modern era; however, there is little evidence of profitability before 1900. The paucity of industry coverage in the earlier years of the Cowles database likely does not explain this differential profitability. We also show that the market state dependence of momentum strategies in the 1900–1925 period is similar to the modern era.
Microvascular and Macrovascular Abnormalities and Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults: Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Grodstein Francine , Newman Anne B. , Chaves Paulo H. M. , Odden Michelle C. , Klein Ronald , Sarnak Mark J. , Lipsitz Lewis A. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the associations between microvascular and macrovascular abnormalities and cognitive and physical functionDesignCross‐sectional analysis of the Cardiovascular Health Study (1998–1999).SettingCommunity.ParticipantsIndividuals with available data on three or more of five microvascular abnormalities (brain, retina, kidney) and three or more of six macrovascular abnormalities (brain, carotid artery, heart, peripheral artery) (N = 2,452; mean age 79.5).MeasurementsStandardized composite scores derived from three cognitive tests (Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination, Digit‐Symbol Substitution Test, Trail‐Making Test (TMT)) and three physical tests (gait speed, grip strength, 5‐time sit to stand)ResultsParticipants with high microvascular and macrovascular burden had worse cognitive (mean score difference = −0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.37 to −0.24) and physical (mean score difference = −0.32, 95% CI = −0.38 to −0.26) function than those with low microvascular and macrovascular burden. Individuals with high microvascular burden alone had similarly lower scores than those with high macrovascular burden alone (cognitive function: −0.16, 95% CI = −0.24 to −0.08 vs −0.13, 95% CI = −0.20 to −0.06; physical function: −0.15, 95% CI = −0.22 to −0.08 vs −0.12, 95% CI = −0.18 to −0.06). Psychomotor speed and working memory, assessed using the TMT, were only impaired in the presence of high microvascular burden. Of the 11 vascular abnormalities considered, white matter hyperintensity, cystatin C–based glomerular filtration rate, large brain infarct, and ankle–arm index were independently associated with cognitive and physical function.ConclusionMicrovascular and macrovascular abnormalities assessed using noninvasive tests of the brain, kidney, and peripheral artery were independently associated with poor cognitive and physical function in older adults. Future research should evaluate the usefulness of these tests in prognostication.
Shared Environment Estimates for Educational Attainment: A Puzzle and Possible Solutions
Authors: Freese Jeremy , Jao Yu‐Han 
Published: September 2015

AbstractClassical behavioral genetics models for twin and other family designs decompose traits into heritability, shared environment, and nonshared environment components. Estimates of heritability of adult traits are pervasively observed to be far higher than those of shared environment, which has been used to make broad claims about the impotence of upbringing. However, the most commonly studied nondemographic variable in many areas of social science, educational attainment, exhibits robustly high estimates both for heritability and for shared environment. When previously noticed, the usual explanation has emphasized family resources, but evidence suggests this is unlikely to explain the anomalous high estimates for shared environment of educational attainment. We articulate eight potential complementary explanations and discuss evidence of their prospective contributions to resolving the puzzle. In so doing, we hope to further consideration of how behavioral genetics findings may advance studies of social stratification beyond the effort to articulate specific genetic influences.
Career satisfaction of Pennsylvanian dentists and dental hygienists and their plans to leave direct patient care
Authors: Vick Brandon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore a number of practice‐related dynamics between dentists and dental hygienists, including their career dissatisfaction, plans to leave direct patient care, hiring difficulties, and full‐time work.MethodsData come from the 2013 Pennsylvania Health Workforce Surveys, a sample of 5,771 dentists and 6,023 dental hygienists, and logistic regression is used to estimate the relationships between outcome areas – dissatisfaction, plans to leave patient care, and hiring/job outcomes – and a number of explanatory variables, including demographic and practice characteristics.ResultsDentists working in practices that employ hygienists have lower odds of reporting overall dissatisfaction and of leaving patient care in the next 6 years than those that do not employ hygienists. Dental hygienists that work full‐time hours across two or more jobs have higher odds of dissatisfaction than those who work full‐time in one job only. Part‐time work in a single hygienist job is associated with higher odds of leaving the career, relative to having a single, full‐time job.ConclusionsResults suggest that employment of dental hygienists is associated with lower career dissatisfaction and extended careers for dentists. However, a number of dentist characteristics are associated with difficulty hiring hygienists, including rural practice, nonwhite race, and solo ownership. Only 37.5 percent of hygienists work in a single, full‐time job, an outcome related to lower dissatisfaction and extended careers for hygienists. Characteristics associated with this job outcome include having an associate degree, having a local anesthesia permit, and not working for a solo practice.