bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing in children: A systematic review
Authors: Jara Sebastian M. , Benke James R. , Lin Sandra Y. , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo systematically review existing literature on the association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing in children.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus.Review MethodsInclusion criteria included English‐language papers containing original human data, with seven or more subjects and age <18 years. Data were systematically collected on study design, patient demographics, clinical characteristics/outcomes, and level of evidence. Two investigators independently reviewed all manuscripts.ResultsThe initial search yielded 72 abstracts; 18 articles were ultimately included with a total study population of 47,462 patients. Fifteen (83%) articles found a statistically significant association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing. All were case‐control studies. Quality of articles based on the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale averaged 5.8/9 stars. Secondhand smoke was characterized by serum cotinine testing in only two (11%) studies. Sleep‐disordered breathing was quantified by polysomnography in only four (22%) of the studies and only one (6%) classified subject using polysomnography exclusively. Habitual snoring was the most common form of sleep‐disordered breathing studied in 14/18 (78%) studies, whereas obstructive sleep apnea was reported in one (6%) study and sleep‐related hypoxia in another (6%) study.ConclusionsAlthough the majority of studies included in this review found a significant association between secondhand smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing, all of them were evidence level 3b, for an overall grade of B (Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine). Further higher‐quality studies should be performed in the future to better evaluate the relationship between second‐ smoke and sleep‐disordered breathing in children.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:241–247, 2015
Thick junction broadband organic photodiodes
Authors: Armin Ardalan , Hambsch Mike , Kim Il Ku , Burn Paul L , Meredith Paul , Namdas Ebinazar B 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInorganic semiconductor‐based broadband photodetectors are ubiquitous in imaging technologies such as digital cameras and photometers. Herein a broadband organic photodiode (OPD) that has performance metrics comparable or superior to inorganic photodiodes over the same spectral range is reported. The photodiode with an active layer comprised of a poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)]:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction blend had a dark current < 1 nA/cm2, specific detectivity of ∼1013 Jones, reverse bias −3 dB frequency response of 100 kHz to 1 MHz, and state‐of‐the‐art Linear Dynamic Range for organic photodiodes of nine orders of magnitude (180 dB). The key to these performance metrics was the use of a thick junction (700 nm), which flattened the spectral response, reduced the dark current and decreased performance variations. The strategy also provides a route to large area defect free “monolithic” structures for low noise integrated photo‐sensing, position determination, or contact, non‐focal imaging.
Ten new ATM alterations in Polish patients with ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Podralska Marta Joanna , Stembalska Agnieszka , Ślęzak Ryszard , Lewandowicz‐Uszyńska Aleksandra , Pietrucha Barbara , Kołtan Sylwia , Wigowska‐Sowińska Jadwiga , Pilch Jacek , Mosor Maria , Ziółkowska‐Suchanek Iwona , Dzikiewicz‐Krawczyk Agnieszka , Słomski Ryszard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInherited biallelic mutations of the ATM gene are responsible for the development of ataxia telangiectasia (AT). The objective of the present study was to conduct molecular analysis of the ATM gene in a cohort of 24 Polish patients with ataxia‐telangiectasia with aim being to provide an updated mutational spectrum in Polish AT patients. As a result of molecular analysis, the status of recurrent mutation was confirmed and ten new ATM variants were detected. Application of MLPA analysis allowed the detection of large genomic deletion. Previously, this type of mutation had never been seen in our population. Finally, in silico analysis was carried out for newly detected ATM alterations. In addition, functional analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of intronic variants: c.3402+30_3402+32delATC.
Anticoagulant‐related hospital admissions: serious adverse reactions identified through hospital databases
Authors: Heng Charles , Rybarczyk‐Vigouret Marie Christine , Michel Bruno 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeA growing number of patients today receive anticoagulants. These drugs can cause serious adverse reactions leading to patients' hospitalization. The present study aimed to assess the number of hospital admissions as a result of anticoagulant adverse reactions in Alsace, a French region of 1.8 million inhabitants, and to estimate the economic burden associated with their management.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using data extracted from the regional and anonymous hospital Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information (PMSI) database to assess the number of hospital admissions and the associated costs. Stays from public and private hospitals were extracted from the database using two International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes referring to anticoagulant drugs: ‘T45.5—Poisoning by anticoagulants’ and ‘Y44.2—Anticoagulants' adverse effect in therapeutic use’. Costs were calculated from official French tariffs.ResultsWithin a 2‐year period from 1 Januray 2010 to 31 December 2011, 462 anticoagulant‐related hospital admissions, predominantly in elderly patients, were identified in Alsace. These stays, as a result of anticoagulant adverse reactions, represented a cost of 2 050 127.86 euros (including hospitalization and expensive drugs).ConclusionRegional PMSI database constitutes an effective tool to explore anticoagulant‐related hospital admissions. Based on our study, one can state that the cost of anticoagulation therapies lies not only in the price of the drugs but also in the cost of adverse reaction management. Policy makers should be aware of this reality and should focus on better medication supervision in order to improve patient safety and reduce expenses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved investigation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 growth and Ga gradient formation during fast selenisation of metallic precursors
Authors: Mainz Roland , Weber Alfons , Rodriguez‐Alvarez Humberto , Levcenko Sergiu , Klaus Manuela , Pistor Paul , Klenk Reiner , Schock Hans‐Werner 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGa segregation at the backside of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell absorbers is a commonly observed phenomenon for a large variety of sequential fabrication processes. Here, we investigate the correlation between Se incorporation, phase formation and Ga segregation during fast selenisation of Cu–In–Ga precursor films in elemental selenium vapour. Se incorporation and phase formation are analysed by real‐time synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis. Correlations between phase formation and depth distributions are gained by interrupting the process at several points and by subsequent ex situ cross‐sectional electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The presented results reveal that the main share of Se incorporation takes place within a few seconds during formation of In–Se at the top part of the film, accompanied by outdiffusion of In out of a ternary Cu–In–Ga phase. Surprisingly, CuInSe2 starts to form at the surface on top of the In–Se layer, leading to an intermediate double graded Cu depth distribution. The remaining Ga‐rich metal phase at the back is finally selenised by indiffusion of Se. On the basis of a proposed growth model, we discuss possible strategies and limitations for the avoidance of Ga segregation during fast selenisation of metallic precursors. Solar cells made from samples selenised with a total annealing time of 6.5 min reached conversion efficiencies of up to 14.2 % (total area, without anti‐reflective coating). The evolution of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 diffraction signals reveals that the minimum process time for high‐quality Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers is limited by cation ordering rather than Se incorporation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of library migrations in Java
Authors: Teyton Cédric , Falleri Jean‐Rémy , Palyart Marc , Blanc Xavier 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTSoftware intensively depends on external libraries whose relevance may change during its life cycle. As a consequence, software developers must periodically reconsider the libraries they depend on, and must think about replacing them for more relevant ones. We refer to this practice as library migration. To find the best replacement for their library, they can rely on information over the Web, but they get quickly overwhelmed by the amount of data they gather. Making the right choice in this context constitutes the topic of our work. The solution we propose is to exhibit and mine the library migrations trends computed by performing a study of a large set of software projects. To perform this analysis, we have defined an automatic approach to compute library dependencies and a semi‐automatic approach that identifies library migrations. Then, we propose a deep analysis of the library migration phenomena by performing a descriptive study of a large set of software projects stored on the Githubplatform. Second, based on our descriptive study, we propose a support to developers who want to migrate their libraries. The main result of our study is that recommendations of libraries can be inferred from the analysis of the migration trends. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type II Interferon Promotes Differentiation of Myeloid-Biased Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Matatall Katie A. , Shen Ching-Chieh , Challen Grant A. , King Katherine Y. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) promotes cell division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without affecting the total HSC number. We postulated that IFNγ stimulates differentiation of HSCs as part of the innate immune response. Here, we report that type II interferon signaling is required, both at baseline and during an animal model of LCMV infection, to maintain normal myeloid development. By separately evaluating myeloid-biased and lymphoid-biased HSC subtypes, we found that myeloid-biased HSCs express higher levels of IFNγ receptor and are specifically activated to divide after recombinant IFNγ exposure in vivo. While both HSC subtypes show increased expression of the transcription factor C/EBPβ after infection, only the myeloid-biased HSCs are transiently depleted from the marrow during the type II interferon-mediated immune response to Mycobacterium avium infection, as measured both functionally and phenotypically. These findings indicate that IFNγ selectively permits differentiation of myeloid-biased HSCs during an innate immune response to infection. This represents the first report of a context and a mechanism for discriminate utilization of the alternate HSC subtypes. Terminal differentiation, at the expense of self-renewal, may compromise HSC populations during states of chronic inflammation. Stem Cells 2014;32:3023–3030
Arsenic induces apoptosis by the lysosomal‐mitochondrial pathway in INS‐1 cells
Authors: Pan Xiao , Jiang Liping , Zhong Laifu , Geng Chengyan , Jia Li , Liu Shuang , Guan Huai , Yang Guang , Yao Xiaofeng , Piao Fengyuan , Sun Xiance 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTRecently, long term arsenic exposure was considered to be associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. While a relation of cause‐and‐effect between apoptosis of pancreatic β‐cells and arsenic exposure, the precise mechanisms of these events remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore arsenic‐induced pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis and the mechanisms of through the possible link between lysosomal and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. After exposure to 10 μM of arsenic, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was significantly increased at 12 h, while the mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced at 24 h and the lysosomal membrane integrity was disrupted at 48 h. A significant increase in protein expression for cytochrome c was also observed using Western blot analysis after exposure to arsenic for 48 h. To further demonstrate that arsenic reduced the lysosomal membrane integrity, cells pretreated with NH4Cl and exposed to arsenic harbored a lower fluorescence increase than cells that were only exposed to arsenic. In addition, apoptosis was mesured using Hoechst 33342/PI dual staining by microscopy and annexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide dual staining by flow cytometry. The results show an increased uptake of the arsenic dose and the cells changed from dark blue to light blue, karyopyknosis, nuclear chromatin condensation, side set or fracture, and a correlation was found between the number of apoptotic cells and arsenic dose. The result of present study suggest that arsenic may induce pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis through activation of the lysosome‐mitochondrial pathway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 133–141, 2016.
Protective effects of testosterone propionate on reproductive toxicity caused by Endosulfan in male mice
Authors: Wang Na , Xu Ying , Zhou Xian‐Qing , Wu Yan‐Hua , Li Sheng‐Li , Qiao Xin , Li Yan‐Bo , Sun Zhi‐Wei 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTo investigate the protective effect of testosterone propionate (TP) on reproductive toxicity caused by endosulfan in male mice, three group experiments were designed: the control group received 0 and 0, the endosulfan group received 0.8 and 0, and the endosulfan + TP group received 0.8 mg/kg/d endosulfan and 10 mg/kg/d TP, respectively. The results showed that TP significantly prevented the declines of concentration and motility rates in sperm, reduced the rate of sperm abnormalities in epididymis; and antagonized the decreases in spermatogenous cell and sperm numbers in testes induced by endosulfan. TP also decreased the numbers of cavities formed, prevented the decreases of plasma testosterone and androgen receptor (AR) mRNA in testicular tissue, alleviated the increase of LH induced by endosulfan. It is likely that TP relieve the reproductive toxicity by reversing the endosulfan‐induced decreases in testosterone secretion and AR expression that resulted from the alteration of Leydig cell function. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 142–153, 2016.
Hydro-acoustic precursors of gravity waves generated by surface pressure disturbances localised in space and time
Authors: Renzi Emiliano , Dias F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe consider the mechanics of coupled underwater-acoustic and surface-gravity waves generated by surface pressure disturbances in a slightly compressible fluid. We show that pressure changes on the ocean surface, localised in space and time, can induce appreciable underwater compression waves which are precursors of the surface gravity waves. Although the physical properties of acoustic-gravity waves have already been discussed in the literature, such dynamics was not investigated in previous studies. We derive new results for the underwater compression wave field and discuss the dynamics of its generation and propagation. This work could lead to the design of innovative alert systems for coastal flooding management.
Genotype differences in photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen efficiency of new-type oilseed rape responding to low nitrogen stress
Authors: WANG G. L. , DING G. D. , XU F. S. , CAI H. M. , ZOU J. , YE X. S. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYNew-type oilseed rape (Brassica napus, ArArCcCc) with introgressed exotic subgenomic components from Brassica rapa (ArAr) and Brassica carinata (BcBcCcCc) showed strong heterosis in both vegetative and reproductive growth. The aim of the current study was to analyse the tolerance of the new-type B. napus with different exotic subgenomic contents to low nitrogen (N) stress. Under hydroponic culture and pot experiments, root system parameters, photosynthetic parameters, relative chlorophyll concentration (SPAD values), biomass, seed yield, seed yield components, N concentration and expressions of genes involved in N transport and assimilation were determined with two new-type B. napus genotypes (N-efficient genotype D4-15 and N-inefficient genotype D1-1) under high-N and low-N levels. Furthermore, N accumulation, N transfer efficiency and N use efficiency (NUE) were analysed in the two genotypes. The hydroponic and potted growth tests showed consistent characteristics in N uptake and utilization efficiency at the seedling stage, and N-efficient genotype (D4-15) showed better growth phenotypes across cultured conditions and N levels. Under the low-N condition, D4-15 produced a larger root system and accumulated more N, and had higher N transfer efficiency and NUE than D1-1. Moreover, D4-15 had significantly higher photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic NUE and expression levels of the N transporter genes, BnNRT1·1, BnNRT2·5, BnNRT2·7 and BnAMT1·1, in roots or leaves, as well as higher seed yield than that of D1-1 under low-N supply. These results indicated that the N-efficient new-type B. napus D4-15 possessed excellent adaptability to low-N stress, which may be attributed to the highly introgressed exotic subgenomic components from B. rapa and B. carinata, suggesting the possibility of identifying high-nutrient-efficiency germplasm from inter-specific hybrids.
INSIDE THE DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM: THE MASS PRODUCTION OF CARS IN SPAIN, 1950-1985
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-DE-SEVILLA TOMÀS 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2010 Spain ranked second among EU-15 countries in the manufacture of passenger cars; however, in 1950 the country’s car production had been purely symbolic. Taking as its starting point the trajectories of the enterprises that have shaped the auto industry in Spain, this study explores the sector’s process of development within the interpretative framework proposed by Alfred D. Chandler in Scale and Scope. Until the mid-1970s, SEAT and FASA-Renault, the sector’s first-movers, maintained their position as industry leaders. The entry of Ford and GM in the 1970s was to restructure the industry as it shifted its focus towards exportation to the European Economic Community. Both market share and net profits are used as indicators of the evolution of each car maker.
A walking control strategy combining global sensory reflex and leg synchronization
Authors: Fu Chenglong , Wang Jianmei , Chen Ken , Yu Zhangguo , Huang Qiang 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYBiped walking can be regarded as a global limit cycle whose stability is difficult to verify by only local sensory feedback. This paper presents a control strategy combining global sensory reflex and leg synchronization. The inverted pendulum angle is utilized as global motion feedback to ensure global stability, and joint synchronization between legs is designed to stabilize bifurcations. The proposed strategy can achieve a stable gait and stabilize bifurcations. The robustness of this approach was evaluated against external disturbances. Walking experiments of a biped actuated by pneumatic muscles were conducted to confirm the validity of the proposed method. Instead of tracking predetermined trajectories, this method uses sensory reflexes to activate motor neurons and coincides with the biological idea wherein inessential degrees-of-freedom are barely controlled rather than strictly controlled.
Growth tightness for groups with contracting elements
Authors: YANG WEN-YUAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe establish growth tightness for a class of groups acting geometrically on a geodesic metric space and containing a contracting element. As a consequence, any group with non-trivial Floyd boundary are proven to be growth tight with respect to word metrics. In particular, all non-elementary relatively hyperbolic group are growth tight. This generalizes previous works of Arzhantseva-Lysenok and Sambusetti. Another interesting consequence is that CAT(0) groups with rank-1 elements are growth tight with respect to CAT(0)-metric.
Social contact patterns of school-age children in Taiwan: comparison of the term time and holiday periods
Authors: CHEN S.-C. , YOU Z.-S. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYSchool closure is one of the most common interventions in the early weeks of an influenza pandemic. Few studies have investigated social contact patterns and compared individual student contact characteristics during the school term and holiday periods in Taiwan. Here, we conducted a well-used questionnaire survey in a junior high school (grades 7–8) in June 2013. All 150 diary-based effective questionnaires covering conversation and skin-to-skin contact behaviour were surveyed. Two questionnaires for each participant were designed to investigate the individual-level difference of contact numbers per day during the two periods. The questionnaire response rate was 44%. The average number of contacts during term time (20·0 contacts per day) and holiday periods (12·6 contacts per day) were significantly different (P < 0·05). The dominant contact frequencies and duration were everyday contact (89·10%) and contacts lasting less than 5 minutes (37·09%). The greatest differences occurred within the 13–19 years age groups. The result presented in this study provide an indication of the likely reduction in daily contact frequency that might occur if a school closure policy was adopted in the event of an influenza pandemic in Taiwan. Comparing contact patterns during term time and holiday periods, the number of contacts decreased by 40%. This study is the first research to investigate the contact numbers and contact characteristics for school-age children during the school term and a holiday period in Taiwan. With regard to public health, this study could provide the basic contact information and database for modelling influenza epidemics for minimizing the spread of influenza that depends on personal contacts for transmission.
High-fat diet-related stimulation of sweetness desire is greater in women than in men despite high vegetable intake
Authors: Zhou Bei , Yamanaka-Okumura Hisami , Adachi Chisaki , Kawakami Yuka , Katayama Takafumi , Takeda Eiji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of lunches with different dietary energy densities on food preferences between genders.DesignRandomized crossover study. Participants were administered the following packed test meals once weekly on a specified day during six sessions: control (150 g of rice with a sautéed beef entrée containing 40 g of raw beef and 240 g of vegetables), high-meat/low-rice, low-vegetable, medium-fat/low-vegetable, high-fat and high-fat/low-vegetable meals. Subjective levels of sensory properties were assessed over time using visual analogue scales.SettingUniversity of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.SubjectsSixty-five men and sixty-five women matched by age and BMI.ResultsMen showed significantly stronger desires for salty and fatty foods after meals (P<0·05). Women showed a significantly stronger desire for sweetness from 2 h after the low-vegetable meal, and increasing fat content under high-vegetable conditions caused a significant stimulated sweetness desire in women more than in men (P<0·05). Moreover, after a high-meat/low-rice meal with 100 g of rice, sweetness desire was stronger in women (P=0·024), whereas no significant differences in sweetness desire were shown between genders after another low-energy-density control meal with 150 g of rice.ConclusionsMen had significantly stronger desires for salty and fatty foods, whereas women preferred sweet food after meals. The sweetness desire in women was stimulated by increasing fat content, even with a high vegetable intake. Low rice intake in a low-energy-density diet also caused a relative stimulation of sweetness desire in women.