bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic biomarkers of survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rainsbury James W. , Ahmed Waseem , Williams Hazel K. , Roberts Sally , Paleri Vinidh , Mehanna Hisham 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) positivity improves prognosis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Combining HPV status with other biomarkers may improve its prognostic power.MethodsThe approach was a literature search for longitudinal studies of biomarkers in OPSCC, with systematic review and meta‐analysis.ResultsIn all, 3130 articles were identified; 32 satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. On meta‐analysis, there was a significant overall survival (OS) benefit for patients with HPV positive and p16 positive tumors. There was some evidence of improved OS of OPSCC patients with raised bcl2; amplification of 11q3 and loss of 16q genes; and low c‐met, ki67, IMD, PLK, FHIT, nuclear surviving, or nuclear cyclin D1. However, none of these was suitable for meta‐analysis.ConclusionSurvival from OPSCC is associated with several biomarkers, which constitute potential targets for research into improving the prognostic power of HPV in OPSCC. Larger trials are needed, with standardization of cut‐points and adherence to consensus reporting guidelines. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
On the role of soil moisture in daytime evolution of temperatures
Authors: Lockart Natalie , Kavetski Dmitri , Franks Stewart W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between temperature, evaporation and soil moisture using a planetary boundary layer (PBL) model. It focuses on illustrating and quantifying the effect of soil moisture on the evolution of daytime temperatures. A simple convective PBL model coupled with the Penman–Monteith (PM) equation is used to estimate evapotranspiration. Following calibration and sensitivity analysis, the model was used to simulate the relative impact of dry and wet soil moisture conditions on daytime temperatures by changing the surface resistance parameter in the PM equation. It was found that the maximum temperature that can be reached during a day is constrained by the amount of soil moisture and the available net radiation, confirming previously published results. Higher temperatures can be reached with greater net radiation and dry soil moisture conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quercetin reduces oxidative damage induced by paraquat via modulating expression of antioxidant genes in A549 cells
Authors: Zerin Tamanna , Kim Yong‐Sik , Hong Sae‐Yong , Song Ho‐Yeon 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTOxidative injury can occur in the lung through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via redox cycling owing to intentional or accidental ingestion of paraquat (PQ), a common herbicide. A wide array of phytochemicals has been shown to reduce cellular oxidative damage by modulating cytoprotective genes. Quercetin, a well‐known flavonoid, has been reported to display cytoprotective effects by up‐regulating certain cytoprotective genes. In this context, we investigated the effect of quercetin on PQ‐induced cytotoxicity in alveolar A549 cells, modulation of antioxidant genes, activation of transcription factor‐Nrf2 and its target HO‐1 expression. Quercetin reduced PQ‐induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells that was evaluated by both 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Modulation of antioxidant genes was compared when cells were treated with PQ, quercetin and both using qRT‐PCR. Activation of transcription factor‐Nrf2 and induction of its target gene, HO‐1 was demonstrated by western blot analysis. A remarkable reduction in the ROS level as well as an increase in the total cellular glutathione (GSH) level occurred when PQ‐exposed cells were treated with quercetin. Our findings suggest that quercetin may be used to mitigate or minimize oxidative stress via reducing the generation of ROS. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic hepatorenal ratio: A noninvasive method to diagnose nonalcoholic steatosis
Authors: de Almeida e Borges Valéria Ferreira , Diniz Angélica L. D. , Cotrim Helma P. , Rocha Haroldo L. O. G. , Andrade Nestor Barbosa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the accuracy of the sonographic hepatorenal ratio (HRR) in the diagnosis and grading of nonalcoholic steatosis, using biopsy as the reference.Methods.Ultrasound (US) and liver biopsy were performed in 42 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Forty healthy volunteers without steatosis at US and without risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were also studied. The HRR was obtained by dividing the mean brightness level of region‐of‐interest pixels in hepatic parenchyma by that in renal parenchyma. Needle biopsy samples (hematoxylin‐eosin stained) were classified as mild (5–33% fatty infiltration), moderate (>33–66%), or severe (>66%) steatosis. Spearman coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between HRR and steatosis grade, analysis of variance for differences between subgroups, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for sensitivity and specificity.Results.Significant correlation was found between HRR and histologic steatosis (r = 0.80, p < 0.01). The HRR cutoff for predicting steatosis was ≥1.24 (sensitivity, 92.7%; specificity, 92.5%). The mean ± SD HRRs in controls and steatosis subgroups were control 1.09 ± 0.13, mild 1.46 ± 0.24, moderate 1.52 ± 0.27, severe 2.04 ± 0.3 and were significantly different from each other except between mild and moderate steatosis subgroups.Conclusions.The HRR is a noninvasive, objective, and simple method that could be used to diagnose and grade hepatic steatosis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2013
Micro‐Raman spectroscopic analysis of inks and pigments in illuminated medieval old‐Slavonic manuscripts
Authors: Nastova Irena , Grupče Orhideja , Minčeva‐Šukarova Biljana , Turan Servet , Yaygingol Merve , Ozcatal Melih , Martinovska Violeta , Jakovlevska‐Spirovska Zorica 
Published: September 2012

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy was applied in characterisation of inks and pigments used in the text, illuminations and miniatures of two old‐Slavonic manuscripts: Vrutok four gospels (13th–14th centuries) and Benche four gospels (16th century). They were written in old‐Slavonic language with old Cyrillic alphabet. Both were decorated with ornaments in so called Balkan style characterised with intertwined rings and floral motifs. Only four colours/pigments were used in the simple miniature and ornaments in Vrutok book: orpiment, vermilion, organo‐copper complex and mixed ink. Much richer palette of pigments was revealed in the Benche book: calcite, gypsum, lead white, yellow ochre, pararealgar/realgar, vermilion, red lead, red ocra, organo‐copper complex, malachite, indigo, iron gall ink, carbon black and pure metallic gold. The use of pigments in ornaments compared with miniatures is somewhat different in Benche book, suggesting that either handwriting and ornamenting on one side and miniatures, on the other, were done by different persons/painters or depiction of sacral themes of the miniatures canonically required the use of more expensive/elaborate pigments.Micro‐Raman spectroscopy allowed in situ, non‐destructive, rapid and unambiguous identification of the majority of pigments used in the text, ornamentations and miniatures in the Vrutok and Benche four gospels. In case of uncertainty in identification of pigments, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis was applied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The breast reconstruction satisfaction questionnaire (BRECON‐31): An affirmative analysis
Authors: Temple‐Oberle Claire F. , Ayeni Omodole , Cook Earl Francis , Bettger‐Hahn Margo , Mychailyshyn Nadia , MacDermid Joy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the subscale structure of the BRECON‐31 using a test sample of women naïve to the questionnaire.MethodsThe BRECON‐31 was administered to women following breast reconstruction. Their responses were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) with a varimax rotation. Components were maintained with an Eigenvalue greater than one. Internal consistency reliability was measured with Cronbach's Alpha (CA). Components on the test pool analysis were then compared with the subscales developed on 128 women who completed the questionnaire during the development phase.ResultsFifty women completed the BRECON‐31. Development and test pools of women were similar across demographics, pathology, and surgical details, except the development sample was somewhat older (53 yo vs. 49 yo,P = 0.02). Using PCA, eight subscales again emerged: self‐image, arm concerns, intimacy, satisfaction, recovery, self‐consciousness, expectations, and breast appearance. A nipple, and abdominal strength and appearance subscales also emerged. Forty‐one of the 45 items loaded similarly in the development and test pools. Internal consistency reliability was high, with CA in the test pool equaling or exceeding CA in the development pool in the majority of the subscales.ConclusionsThe BRECON‐31 factor structure identified in the development pool was supported by the test pool, with similar reliability. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:451–455. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of MAC30 protein is related to survival and clinicopathological variables in breast cancer
Authors: Xiao Min , Li Huiyan , Yang Shanshan , Huang Yuanxi , Jia Shusheng , Wang Hongbin , Wang Jinsong , Li Zhigao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMAC30 is a protein with unknown function that is differentially expressed in certain malignancies. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between MAC30 expression and clinicopathologic features while investigate the prognostic value of MAC30 expression in breast cancer.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to examine MAC30 expression in 243 breast cancer tissues, meanwhile in 59 matched adjacent noncancerous tissues and 46 benign breast tumor tissues as controls. The correlation of MAC30 expression with clinicopathological parameters was assessed using χ2 analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to predict factors with a significant independent prognostic value.ResultsMAC30 was overexpressed in breast cancer compared with matched adjacent noncancerous tissues and benign breast tumor (both P < 0.001). Moreover, MAC30 expression was correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. Furthermore, it was shown that patients with high MAC30 expression had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS; P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high MAC30 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS (P = 0.018 and P = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionsOverexpression of MAC30 was associated with tumor progression, recurrence, and poor survival in breast cancer. Testing expression of MAC30 will be helpful for predicting prognosis in breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:456–462. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic implications for high expression of oncogenic microRNAs in advanced gastric carcinoma
Authors: Kim Baek‐Hui , Hong Soon Won , Kim Aeree , Choi Seung Ho , Yoon Sun Och 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundAberrant expressions of specific microRNAs are recently known in many malignancies, including gastric carcinoma. The prognostic implication of oncogenic microRNA dysregulation was investigated in advanced gastric carcinomas undergoing radical resection and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, and observed on long‐term follow‐up.MethodsThe expression levels of miR‐20a, miR‐21, miR‐25, miR‐93, miR‐103, miR‐106a, miR‐106b, miR‐130b, miR‐155, miR‐221, and miR‐222 were analyzed in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) cancer tissues of 91 patients, using reverse transcription real‐time PCR.ResultsThe high expression of miR‐20a, miR‐25, miR‐93, miR‐103, miR‐106a, miR‐106b, miR‐130 was associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), and high expression of miR‐155 was related to tumor penetration through serosa and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Cases with high expression of miR‐222 (P = 0.014) showed reduced 5‐year survival rates. The high expression of miR‐222 and miR‐221 showed correlation with shorter metastasis‐free survival (P = 0.039 and 0.033, respectively), and miR‐222 high expression was related to reduced overall survival (P = 0.012).ConclusionsThe high expression of miR‐20a, miR‐25, miR‐93, miR‐103, miR‐106a, miR‐106b, miR‐130, miR‐155, miR‐221, and miR‐222 in AGC tissues may be a high risk factor associated with tumor penetration through serosa, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor long‐term survival in patients undergoing radical resection and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:505–510. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A label‐free mass spectrometry method for relative quantitation of β‐tubulin isotype expression in human tumor tissue
Authors: Miller Leah M. , Huang Yang Chia‐Ping , Xiao Hui , Isaac Sylvie , Sève Pascal , Dumontet Charles , Band Horwitz Susan , Hogue Angeletti Ruth 
Published: September 2012

PurposeQuantitation of β‐tubulin isotype expression in taxane resistant human tumor tissue has been difficult to achieve because of the limited availability of validated antibodies. Here we present a label‐free MS method to quantitate relative expression levels of β‐tubulin isotypes.Experimental designUsing isotype‐specific reporter peptides, we determined relative β‐tubulin isotype expression levels in human lung tumor tissue.ResultsFour reporter peptides were chosen to quantitate the βI/βII, βIV, βIII, and βV tubulin isotypes. These peptides were validated using human cancer cell lines. The label‐free method was then used to determine β‐tubulin isotype expression in nine human lung tumor samples, which had been described as high or low βIII‐tubulin expressing using immunohistochemistry. It was found that βI/βII (accounting for 18.7–65.7% of total β‐tubulin) and βIVa/βIVb (26.3–79.1%) were the most abundant isotypes and that the βIII (0–8.9%) and βV (1.0–10.4%) were less abundant in the tissue. We also categorized the samples as high or low βIII‐tubulin expressing.Conclusion and clinical relevanceWith this method we can determine the relative expression levels of β‐tubulin isotypes in human tumor tissue. This method will facilitate studies assessing the use of tubulin isotypes as biomarkers of taxane resistance.
Observer‐based consensus of second‐order multi‐agent system with fixed and stochastically switching topology via sampled data
Authors: Chen Weisheng , Li Xiaobo 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the distributed observer‐based consensus problem of second‐order multi‐agent systems via sampled data. Firstly, for the case of fixed topology, a velocity‐independent distributed control law is proposed by designing a distributed observer to estimate the unavailable velocity, then a sufficient and necessary condition of consensus on design parameters and sampling period is obtained by using the matrix analysis method. Secondly, for the case of stochastically switching topology, a sufficient and necessary condition of mean square consensus is also proposed and proven, and an algorithm is provided to design the parameters in the consensus protocol. Two simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus algorithms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remission of positive symptoms according to the “remission in Schizophrenia Working Group” criteria: A longitudinal study of cognitive functioning
Authors: Braw Y. , Sitman R. , Cohen M. , Berger U. , Lev-Ran S. , Segev A. , Bloch Y. , Levkovitz Y. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSchizophrenia patients in positive symptomatic remission (PSR; n = 39) were assessed using a longitudinal research design. The patients were found to exhibit widespread cognitive impairments that were stable over the three-year follow-up period. The findings support a generalized and stable cognitive impairment profile among schizophrenia patients in partial symptomatic remission.
Effect of water contamination on the shear bond strength of self‐ligating brackets
Authors: Sfondrini Maria Francesca , Fraticelli Danilo , Di Corato Serena , Scribante Andrea , Gandini Paola 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of water contamination on the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score of self‐ligating brackets.Materials and methods: One conventional bracket and three different self‐ligating brackets were bonded onto 160 bovine permanent mandibular incisors, divided randomly into 8 groups. For each type of bracket, 20 samples were bonded on dry enamel and 20 after water contamination. After 24 h, all specimens were tested for SBS using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, and ARI scores were evaluated.Results: All groups showed clinically adequate SBSs. Quick brackets bonded onto dry enamel showed significantly higher SBSs than all other groups tested, whereas the lowest shear strength values were recorded for Step, Quick, and Damon 3MX brackets bonded onto contaminated enamel and for Damon 3MX onto dry enamel. Frequency distribution of ARI Scores showed a prevalence of ARI “2” and “3” for all the groups tested.Conclusions: Water contamination reduces the SBS of self‐ligating brackets, but significant differences have been found only for Quick brackets. All groups showed a significant higher frequency of ARI Score of “2” and “3”.
Wiring Decolonization: Turning Technology against the Colonizer during the Indochina War, 1945–1954
Authors: Goscha Christopher 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwentieth-century wars of decolonization were more than simple diplomatic and military affairs. This article examines how the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) relied upon technology to drive state-making and to make war during the struggle against the French (1945–1954). Wireless radios, in particular, provided embattled nationalists a means by which they could communicate orders and information across wide expanses of contested space in real time. Printing presses, newspapers, stationary, and stamps not only circulated information, but they also served as the bureaucratic markers of national sovereignty. Radios and telephones were essential to the DRV's ability to develop, field, and run a professional army engaged in modern—not guerilla—battles. The Vietnamese were victorious at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 in part because they successfully executed a highly complex battle via the airwaves. Neither the Front de libération nationale (FLN) fighting the French for Algeria nor the Republicans battling the Dutch for Indonesia ever used communications so intensely to drive state-making or take the fight to the colonizer on the battlefield. Scholars of Western states and warfare have long recognized the importance of information gathering for understanding such matters. This article argues that it is time to consider how postcolonial states gathered and used information, even in times of war.
Beyond Naxalbari: A Comparative Analysis of Maoist Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Independent India
Authors: Kennedy Jonathan , Purushotham Sunil 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that there have been three distinct waves of Maoist insurgency in India since 1947. We construct an ideal typical model of Maoist insurgency that is used to compare the roles played by local populations, insurgents, and state counterinsurgency measures across space and time. This allows us to demonstrate that the commonly accepted narrative of Indian Maoist insurgency must be fundamentally rethought. The Naxalbari outbreak in 1967 and the subsequent insurgency in West Bengal is generally agreed to be the central point in the history of Maoist insurgency in India. But our analysis demonstrates that it was comparatively short-lived and atypical. We instead trace the genealogy of Indian Maoism to Telengana in the late 1940s. The common feature linking all three waves is the persistence of insurgent activity among various tribal oradivasicommunities in the central Indian “tribal belt.” Their overriding grievances are the historically iniquitous relationships produced by the processes of state and market expansion that have incorporated and subordinatedadivasipopulations who previously had a large degree of socioeconomic and political autonomy. The state's counterinsurgency strategy has consisted of violence combined with developmental and governance interventions. This has pushed Maoist insurgency to the margins of Indian political life but has been unable to eliminate insurgent activity or address the fundamental grievances ofadivasis. We conclude by arguing that Maoist insurgency in India should not be considered as crime to be resolved by state violence, or as an economic problem requiring the intensification of developmental measures, but as a matter of politics.
‘Sympathy for the Devil?’ The West German Left and the Challenge of Terrorism
Authors: HANSHEW KARRIN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the 1970s, the West German extra-parliamentary Left struggled to respond effectively to left-wing terrorism and the state powers mobilised against it. This article argues that a shared conception of counter-violence as legitimate resistance helps explain the Left's ambivalent relationship to political violence and its solidarity with militants. The mounting strain on the projects and protest networks of student rebels, older leftists, anti-nuclear demonstrators and feminist activists, however, provoked debate and, eventually, change. Caught between terrorism and counter-terrorism, leftists revised assumptions upon which their commitment to resistance had rested – and reconceived resistance itself as part of everyday, mainstream politics.
‘Shanghai-Madrid Axis’? Comparing British Responses to the Conflicts in Spain and China, 1936–39
Authors: BUCHANAN TOM 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe impact of the Sino-Japanese War on Britain has generally been overshadowed by the impact of the Spanish Civil War, which broke out a year earlier. Indeed, the only book on the subject, Arthur Clegg's Aid China (1989), is subtitled A Memoir of a Forgotten Campaign. Yet, for a few months in the autumn of 1937, these two campaigns achieved a kind of parity in British public perception. British opinion was united in condemnation of the Japanese bombing of Chinese cities, and, at its peak, the ensuing campaign attracted a broader range of supporters than the movement in solidarity with the Spanish Republic. For instance, the Archbishop of Canterbury publicly criticised Japan's actions in a way that would have been unthinkable in the case of Franco's Spain. Moreover, some acts of solidarity with China (such as the refusal by British dockers to load Japanese ships) went beyond what the supporters of the Spanish Republic could hope to achieve. This article makes a comparison of the two campaigns, and examines the interconnections between them. It not only sheds new light on the ‘forgotten’ campaign for China, but also asks why Spain – unlike China – became the ‘Great Cause’ of the later 1930s.