bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal temperature range of a plastic species,Drosophila simulans
Authors: Austin Christopher J. , Moehring Amanda J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryWhen a species experiences a new climate, it can adapt in two main ways: become genetically adapted to the new temperature, or adopt a plastic approach that allows it to survive at a range of temperatures.The constraint on fitness for genetically adapted populations that are exposed to a new temperature has been well studied, but the range of optimal temperatures and their effect on fitness has never been examined across the worldwide distribution of a plastic species.Here, we determined the optimum temperature range of 11 populations of the phenotypically plastic speciesDrosophila simulans. We measured the influence of temperature on eggs, larvae and adults at six temperatures that span the natural range the flies experience during their primary breeding season.We found no correlation between optimum temperature and native temperature,an effect that is not likely due to laboratory maintenance, suggesting that the species has not locally adapted to temperature. We also found that this species had equal survival and reproductive success at most of the temperatures and life stages that we tested, regardless of the native temperature where the flies originated.Thus, this genetically plastic species has an optimum fitness at a surprisingly wide range of temperatures, and is the first example of a cosmopolitan species exhibiting this large amount of plasticity across its sampling distribution.
The early toad gets the worm: cane toads at an invasion front benefit from higher prey availability
Authors: Brown Gregory P. , Kelehear Crystal , Shine Richard 
Published: January 2013

Summary

In biological invasions, rates of range expansion tend to accelerate through time. What kind of benefits to more rapidly dispersing organisms might impose natural selection for faster rates of dispersal, and hence the evolution of range‐edge acceleration? We can answer that question by comparing fitness‐relevant ecological traits of individuals at the invasion front compared with conspecifics in the same area a few years post‐invasion.

In tropical Australia, the rate of invasion by cane toads (Rhinella marina) has increased substantially over recent decades, due to shifts in heritable traits. Our data on field‐collected cane toads at a recently invaded site in the Australian wet–dry tropics span a 5‐year period beginning with toad arrival.

Compared with conspecifics that we monitored in the same sites post‐invasion, toads in the invasion vanguard exhibited higher feeding rates, larger energy stores, better body condition and faster growth.

Three processes may have contributed to this pattern: (i) higher prey availability at the front (perhaps due to reduced competition from conspecifics); (ii) the lack of viability‐reducing parasites and pathogens in invasion‐front toads; and (iii) distinctive (active, fast‐growing) phenotypes of the invasion‐front toads.

Nutritional benefits to individuals in the invasion vanguard (whether because of higher prey availability, or lower pathogen levels) thus may have conferred a selective advantage to accelerated dispersal in this system.
Monophyletic origin of magnetotaxis and the first magnetosomes
Authors: Lefèvre Christopher T. , Trubitsyn Denis , Abreu Fernanda , Kolinko Sebastian , de Almeida Luiz Gonzaga Paula , de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R. , Lins Ulysses , Schüler Dirk , Ginet Nicolas , Pignol David , Bazylinski Dennis A. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryHorizontal gene transfer (HGT), the transfer of genetic material other than by descent, is thought to have played significant roles in the evolution and distribution of genes in prokaryotes. These include those responsible for the ability of motile, aquatic magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) to align and swim along magnetic field lines and the biomineralization of magnetosomes that are responsible for this behaviour. There is some genomic evidence that HGT might be responsible for the distribution of magnetosome genes in different phylogenetic groups of bacteria. For example, in the genomes of a number of MTB, magnetosome genes are present as clusters within a larger structure known as the magnetosome genomic island surrounded by mobile elements such as insertion sequences and transposases as well as tRNA genes. Despite this, there is no strong direct proof of HGT between these organisms. Here we show that a phylogenetic tree based on magnetosome protein amino acid sequences from a number of MTB was congruent with the tree based on the organisms' 16S rRNA gene sequences. This shows that evolution and divergence of these proteins and the 16S rRNA gene occurred similarly. This suggests that magnetotaxis originated monophyletically in the Proteobacteria phylum and implies that the common ancestor of all Proteobacteria was magnetotactic.
Politics of love: narrative structures, intertextuality and social agency in the narratives of parents with disabled children
Authors: Hanisch Halvor 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent research has highlighted how parental narratives can be important in the resistance against disabling processes. This article contains analyses of enabling language in narratives published by Scandinavian disability rights organizations. First, drawing on the work of Fisher and Goodley, I point out that the material constitute a threefold: normality narratives, resistance narratives, and narratives that demonstrate an appreciation of the present and the child’s individual alterity. Second, I demonstrate that the last narrative draws on Romanticism rather than linguistic resources from disability culture. Third, I show that these narratives are hyperboles – texts that strengthen and emphasise the valuation to the point where the narrative structure transcends narrative consistency. Fourth, drawing on the work of Kristeva, I argue that this form of narration constitutes an intimate politics of love.
Preterm birth trends in Greece, 1980–2008: a rising concern
Authors: Baroutis Georgios , Mousiolis Athanasios , Mesogitis Spyros , Costalos Christos , Antsaklis Aris 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify preterm birth trends in Greece.DesignRetrospective epidemiological study.SettingWomen giving birth in Greece from 1980 to 2008.PopulationLive births beyond the 24th gestational week.MethodsData acquisition from the Hellenic Vital Statistics records. Statistical analysis of preterm birth rate among neonates estimated for each year.Main outcome measuresTotal number of births and preterm births, as well as rate of preterm birth by gestational week. Stillbirth rates by gestational age.Results3 218 463 births occurred during the period under study, 151 594 (4.7%) of which were preterm. A steep rise in preterm births was noted during the final years of the study, reaching 9.6% in 2008. This was mainly due to the “late preterm” sub‐group (34+0–36+6 gestational weeks). The rates of stillbirth fell in a constant way regardless of the maturity index.ConclusionsAlthough preterm birth etiology is multifactorial, the selective rise in the “late preterm” group possibly was due to an increase in medical reasons necessitating a preterm delivery, changes in obstetric practice, or both. Further studies are needed to estimate the precise effect of each contributing factor.
Myogenic tone is impaired at low arterial pressure in mice deficient in the low‐voltage‐activated CaV3.1 T‐type Ca2+ channel
Authors: Björling K. , Morita H. , Olsen M. F. , Prodan A. , Hansen P. B. , Lory P. , Holstein‐Rathlou N.‐H. , Jensen L. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimUsing mice deficient in the CaV3.1 T‐type Ca2+ channel, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular identity of non‐L‐type channels involved in vascular tone regulation in mesenteric arteries and arterioles.MethodsWe used immunofluorescence microscopy to localize CaV3.1 channels, patch clamp electrophysiology to test the effects of a putative T‐type channel blocker NNC 55‐0396 on whole‐cell Ca2+ currents, pressure myography and Ca2+ imaging to test diameter and Ca2+ responses of the applied vasoconstrictors, and Q‐PCR to check mRNA expression levels of several Ca2+ handling proteins in wild‐type and CaV3.1−/− mice.ResultsOur data indicated that CaV3.1 channels are important for the maintenance of myogenic tone at low pressures (40–80 mm Hg), whereas they are not involved in high‐voltage‐activated Ca2+ currents, Ca2+ entry or vasoconstriction to high KCl in mesenteric arteries and arterioles. Furthermore, we show that NNC 55–0396 is not a specific T‐type channel inhibitor, as it potently blocks L‐type and non‐L‐type high‐voltage‐activated Ca2+ currents in mouse mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cell.ConclusionOur data using mice deficient in the CaV3.1 T‐type channel represent new evidence for the involvement of non‐L‐type channels in arteriolar tone regulation. We showed that CaV3.1 channels are important for the myogenic tone at low arterial pressure, which is potentially relevant under resting conditions in vivo. Moreover, CaV3.1 channels are not involved in Ca2+ entry and vasoconstriction to large depolarization with, for example, high KCl. Finally, we caution against using NNC 55–0396 as a specific T‐type channel blocker in native cells expressing high‐voltage‐activated Ca2+ channels.
Normative and counter‐normative stress messages and symptom reporting: Implications for health promotion and a methodological artefact for stress research
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Lawrence Claire 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesThere is increasing use of counter‐normative health messages (i.e., evidence‐based health information about cause–effect relationships that run counter to shared normative beliefs, e.g., stress can lead to personal growth). The current studies examine the effect of normative and counter‐normative messages about stress on levels of symptom reporting. Predictions are derived from reactance, social comparison, and self‐enhancement theories.Method and designTwo studies focus on the development of the messages, and two experimental studies examine the effect of manipulating normative and counter‐normative messages on symptom reports. The final study controls for mere‐measurement effects and explores the role of stress process variables (appraisals and coping).ResultsExposure to a normative message (stress causes ill health) results in reduced symptom reporting compared to a counter‐normative message (stress provides challenge, growth, and development) and control groups. The results suggest that people may use symptom reporting strategically to indicate coping. Based on the argument that beliefs about stress and health are stored as mental models, the theoretical associations derived from stress theory are only observed when a normative message is presented.ConclusionsCounter‐normative stress messages may carry no tangible benefits compared to normative messages. Some stress research may suffer from inherent methodological bias when normative information is provided in information and consent sheets.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? At present, nothing is known about counter‐normative health messages, despite the fact that they are becoming widely used as a public intervention.What does this study add?

A clear operational definition of counter‐normative messages. A test of three competing theories for counter‐normative messages that focus of the stress–symptom link. Demonstrating for the first time, that in the domain of stress and health, counter‐normative messages are at best ineffective. Demonstrating for the first time that only when the stress–coping–symptom links are made explicit do the theoretical associations observed in the literature emerge. This may be a potential methodological artefact in stress research that needs to be controlled.
Miniaturized Handheld Confocal Microscopy Identifies Focal Brain Invasion in a Mouse Model of Aggressive Meningioma
Authors: Peyre Matthieu , Clermont‐Taranchon Estelle , Stemmer‐Rachamimov Anat , Kalamarides Michel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInvasion of the brain parenchyma by a meningioma classified by histological criteria as World Health Organization (WHO) grade I meningioma, implies that the tumor has greater likelihood of recurrence and a biological behavior similar to the more aggressive WHO grade II meningiomas. It is therefore important to detect microscopic foci of brain invasion during surgery in order to maximize the resection and/or adapt imaging follow‐up. In this study, we tested the sensitivity of two handheld confocal imaging devices to detect foci of brain invasion in two types of meningioma mouse models: in a genetically engineered mouse model and in a syngeneic xenograft model. Confocal imaging offered precise images of meningothelial and fibroblastic mouse meningiomas as well as malignant meningiomas, which corresponded exactly to the pathological findings. Imaging showed a sharp definition of the brain‐tumor interface and enabled identification of embedded nerves and vessels. Importantly, in both mouse models used in this study, extension of tumor along Virchow–Robin spaces into adjacent brain was detected by imaging. In conclusion, this novel technique, following validation in clinical trials, may open new possibilities for use in operating rooms to influence both decision making during the surgery and planning for additional treatments.
Magnetic properties of siliceous marine sediments in Northern Hokkaido, Japan: a quantitative tectono‐sedimentological study of basins along an active margin
Authors: Itoh Y. , Kusumoto S. , Inoue T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe formation processes of the late Neogene sedimentary basins in Northern Hokkaido have been investigated on the basis of rock magnetism, structural geology and numerical modelling. Untilted site‐mean directions of remanent magnetization of the Wakkanai Formation, obtained from oriented core samples in Horonobe, suggest remarkable counterclockwise block rotation (ca. 70°) since the late Neogene. Uniform microscopic fabric of the siliceous sediments was inferred from the alignment of the principal axes of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). After correction for tectonic rotation, the maximum axis of AMS, which reflects the sedimentary fabric of the dominant paramagnetic minerals, is in an E‐W direction, which is concordant with the influx direction of diatomaceous particles into the N‐S elongate sedimentary basins. The difference in the bulk initial magnetic susceptibility of the siliceous sediments of the Wakkanai Formation between the depocenter of the basin and its peripheral part implies that terrigenous non‐magnetic fraction has been sorted out during transportation of the detrital grains as gravity flows. As for the development mechanism of the N‐S elongate late Neogene basins in Northern Hokkaido, their depocenter arrangement and subsidence pattern indicates dextral motions upon a longitudinal fault zone along the Eurasian convergent margin. Dislocation modelling was adopted to explain vertical displacement and rotational motion around the study area and successfully restored the deformation pattern based on the assumption of dextral slip at a left‐stepping part of a strand of the transcurrent fault.
Wide range of clinicopathological features in immune‐mediated autonomic neuropathies
Authors: Koike Haruki , Sobue Gen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAutonomic neuropathies can occur primarily or secondarily to various underlying diseases. The clinical features of autonomic neuropathies vary with the severity and the modality of autonomic dysfunctions, the degree of somatic involvement, the presence or absence of anti‐ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody and the extent of unmyelinated fiber loss. Primary autonomic neuropathies, which usually affect both cholinergic and adrenergic functions, are divided into autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy, and acute autonomic sensory and motor neuropathy based on the concomitance or absence of sensory or motor dysfunctions (although the nosological relationship of acute autonomic sensory and motor neuropathy to Guillain–Barré syndrome should be carefully considered). The monophasic clinical course and frequent presence of a history of antecedent infections suggests that immune mechanisms participate in these neuropathies. The discovery of the anti‐ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody significantly expanded the spectrum of autonomic neuropathies, especially autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, to include cases with chronic progression mimicking pure autonomic failure. Patients with primary autonomic neuropathies might manifest restricted forms of autonomic dysfunctions, such as cholinergic dysautonomia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction or acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis. Some immunological diseases, such as paraneoplastic syndrome, connective tissue diseases and celiac disease, might also cause diverse autonomic neuropathies. As many non‐immunological diseases are known to cause various types of autonomic dysfunctions, excluding such diseases is important for the diagnosis of immune‐mediated autonomic neuropathies.
Minimally Invasive Transcrestal Guided Sinus Lift (TGSL): A Clinical Prospective Proof‐of‐Concept Cohort Study up to 52 Months
Authors: Pozzi Alessandro , Moy Peter K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study describes a new procedure for sinus elevation using computer‐guided planning and guided surgical approach through the use of computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM)‐generated surgical template in combination with expander‐condensing osteotomes thus providing a minimally invasive surgical technique.Materials and MethodsSixty‐six consecutive patients were treated with 136 implants placed by transcrestal‐guided sinus floor elevation technique and the patients were followed for at least 3 years in function. The drilling protocol is customized based on the bone density of each implant site to achieve an insertion torque ranging between 45 and 55 Ncm. Titanium temporary abutments were connected to the implants with prosthetic screws tightened to 35 Ncm and an acrylic resin provisional restoration was adapted and delivered immediately. Six months after initial loading, a definitive CAD/CAM‐generated restoration was delivered. Outcome measurements assessed were implant and prosthesis survival rate, biological or biomechanical complications, marginal bone level changes, total alveolar ridge bone height before and after procedure, periodontal parameters measured as well as patient's perception of pain levels during recovery period.ResultsMean follow‐up was 43.96 (range from 36 to 52) months. Cumulative implant survival rate was 98.53% at 3 years. No biological or mechanical complications were encountered and no prosthetic failures occurred during the entire follow‐up period. Mean marginal bone loss (MBL) during the first year of function was 0.33 ± 0.36 mm, while at the 3‐year follow‐up, the mean MBL was 0.51 ± 0.29 mm. The mean residual bone height of the alveolar crest prior to grafting was of 6.7 ± 1.6 mm (range 5.1–9.2 mm), while, the mean bone height gained was 6.4 ± 1.6 mm (range 3.2–8.1 mm). All patients reported low levels of pain and found to have normal periodontal parameters.ConclusionThis proof‐of‐concept study suggests that the use of guided surgery to perform transcrestal maxillary sinus floor elevation for alveolar ridge height augmentation is a successful minimally invasive technique for the short‐ to medium‐term follow‐up, thus avoiding the extended treatment time and morbidities associated with maxillary sinus floor augmentation.
Morphological evidences of Bio‐Oss® colonization by CD44‐positive cells
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Hernández‐Cortés Pedro , Aneiros‐Fernández José , Camara Miguel , Mesa Francisco , Wallace Stephen , O'Valle Francisco 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesOur objectives were to examine vascular and cellular colonization in anorganic bovine bone (ABB) after 6 months of healing in human maxillary sinus augmentation grafts.Material and methodsFifty unilateral maxillary sinus augmentation procedures were performed on 50 consecutive patients. Bone cores were obtained through the implant receptor sites 6 months later and evaluated with morphological image analysis and immunohistochemical techniques.ResultsImage analysis revealed a mean of 35.44 ± 16% vital bone, 31.66 ± 15% non‐mineralized tissue, and 32.72 ± 25% remnant ABB particles. In our patients, neovascularization in 46.3% of cases was demonstrated within ABB particles 6 months after sinus floor augmentation surgery. Neovascularization of ABB particles was inversely related to age, directly to osteoclast number per mm², and not influenced by habits or disease. CD44‐positive cells colonization was found in 74% of cases. An important correlation was found regarding CD44 expression and number of vessel in ABB particles (r = 0.624 P < 0.001, Pearson). Osteopontin expression was detected on the interstitial boundary of bone with ABB particles and within the osteocyte lacunae and bone canaliculi and was relationship with presence of CD44‐positive cells inside ABB particles (r = 0.388, P = 0.046, Pearson).ConclusionIn conclusion, images compatible with osteone colonized by osteocytes CD44 positive and neovascularization in ABB particles were observed after 6 months of graft maturation. These biologic events have not previously been morphologically and immunohistochemically documented.
Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Fukuta Nobuhiro , Ida Kazunori , Kato Takahiro , Uedo Noriya , Ando Takashi , Watanabe Hidenobu , Shimbo Takuro ,   Study Group for Investigating Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Published: January 2013

BackgroundIntestinal metaplasia (IM) of the gastric mucosa has long attracted attention as a premalignant lesion involved in gastric carcinogenesis. However, endoscopic diagnosis of IM has remained unclear for a long time. In recent years, the methylene blue staining technique and narrow‐band imaging (NBI) magnifying endoscopy have facilitated clinical diagnosis of IM, although these methods have some problems due to their complexity. Simple methods for diagnosis of IM using conventional endoscopy and the indigo carmine contrast (IC) method are necessary.Patients and MethodsThis study was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, comparative study involving 10 facilities. The appearance of IM was examined using conventional and IC methods with an electronic endoscope.ResultsSubjects included 163 patients, of whom 87 and 76 underwent conventional and IC methods, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic/area under thecurve (ROC/AUC) of conventional and IC methods for the detection of IM in the gastric antrum showed that diagnostic performance of the conventional method was higher, but not significantly, than that of the IC method. Sensitivity, specificity and ROC/AUC of conventional and IC methods for the detection of IM in the gastric body showed that the IC method yielded better (but not significantly better) results than the conventional method.ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of the conventional method did not significantly differ from that of the IC method. A villous appearance, whitish mucosa, and rough mucosal surface, as observed by both methods, and areae gastricae pattern, as observed by the IC method, were useful indicators for endoscopic diagnosis of IM.