bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS THROUGH IMPROVED IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Qureshi Asad Sarwar 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIncreasing use of groundwater for irrigation is linked to high energy demand, depleting resources and resulting in a high carbon footprint. This paper explores how improved on‐farm irrigation management can help in reducing groundwater extraction, limiting energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In Pakistan, every year about 50 billion cubic metres (BCM) of groundwater is pumped for irrigation, which consumes more than 6 billion kWh of electricity and 3.5 billion litres of diesel. Carbon emissions attributed to this energy use amount to 3.8 million metric tons (MMT) of CO2 per year. Considerable research carried out in Pakistan has suggested that improved irrigation management can significantly reduce the irrigation water applied to different crops. This study revealed that by adopting improved irrigation schedules, water productivity will increase and groundwater withdrawals for irrigation can be reduced by 24 BCM. Reduced groundwater extraction will result in a 62% decline in energy demand (1.5 billion litres of diesel as most of the private tubewells run on diesel) and a 40% reduction in carbon emissions. In addition, a reduction in irrigation applications will also be beneficial for stabilizing groundwater tables and groundwater quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in maternal posterior and anterior cerebral artery flow velocity during pregnancy and postpartum—A longitudinal study
Authors: van Veen Teelkien R. , Haeri Sina , Sangi‐Haghpeykar Haleh , Belfort Michael A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo evaluate the normal range of blood flow velocity in the maternal anterior (ACA) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) along the normal pregnancy and postpartum period.MethodsTranscranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood velocities in the ACA and PCA during normal gestation. The resistance and pulsatility indices were calculated. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling, incorporating random effects models, to construct mean and percentile curves.ResultsWe performed 355 measurements on 59 patients, which showed that systolic and mean velocity in the ACA decreased, whereas diastolic velocity increased in the PCA during normal pregnancy. Resistance and pulsatility indices in both vessels increased to a maximum in the second trimester, decreased during the third trimester, and increased during the postpartum period.ConclusionsThis study provides normative data for ACA and PCA velocity and indices during pregnancy and postpartum, demonstrating changes in velocity that suggest a shift of cerebral blood flow from the anterior to the posterior cerebral circulation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:532–537, 2013.
Dear Doctor: A tool to facilitate patient‐centered communication
Authors: Farberg Aaron S. , Lin Andrew M. , Kuhn Latoya , Flanders Scott A. , Kim Christopher S. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDPatient‐centered care has been identified as 1 of the 6 aims for the 21st century healthcare system. The notepad is a simple tool for reminders and personal interactions. We introduced Dear Doctor (DD) notes, a bedside notepad designed to prompt patient questions and improve patient satisfaction.OBJECTIVETo provide DD notes as a bedside tool to facilitate patient communication and improve patient encounters with physicians in the hospital.DESIGNThis is a single‐center, cross‐sectional survey.METHODSOver a 3‐month period (July 2009–September 2009), all hospitalized patients in the intervention group (1 general medicine and 1 cardiology unit) at a large academic medical center received a DD notepad, a pen, and instructions on its use. We surveyed patients who received the DD notes on the intervention group (n = 440) and compared their responses to those from a matched control group (1 general medicine and 1 cardiology unit, n = 224).RESULTSOf the 440 patients surveyed in the intervention group, 78% (n = 343) received the notepads in their rooms and 47% (n = 207) used them. Of the 343 patients who received the DD notepads, 65% (n = 223) reported that they took notes related to their hospital stay compared to only 22% of 224 patients (n = 50) in the control group (P < 0.001). The 207 patients using the DD notes had their questions more often answered by their physicians as measured on a 5‐point Likert scale, compared to the control group (4.63 vs 4.45; P < 0.001). However, overall rating of communication did not differ between intervention and control groups in an intention‐to‐treat analysis (4.55 vs 4.55, P = 0.89). All patients who used the DD notepads responded on the survey that communication with their physicians was enhanced to at least some degree.CONCLUSIONSUtilizing a bedside notepad improved patients' satisfaction with physician communication. A simple, low‐cost, patient‐centered tool such as the DD notes may enhance a patient's overall experience with their providers and the hospital. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:553–558. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Innovation and Leapfrogging in the Chinese Automobile Industry: Examples From Geely, BYD, and Shifeng
Authors: Wang Hua , Kimble Chris 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHistory provides numerous examples of incumbent market leaders being leapfrogged by newcomers that have exploited the opportunities offered by new technologies. In light of the growing number of ecological threats linked to the use of the internal combustion engine, can Chinese auto manufacturers, which are newcomers to the industry, beat out the established Japanese, European, and North American automakers in the race to produce a less environmentally damaging form of transport? Three case studies from the Chinese automobile industry reveal the different ways in which this leapfrogging might take place and highlight the impact that such developments might have on automobile manufacturers in Japan and the West, both for conventional and electric vehicles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New‐Hire Retention Woes Drive Change in Health Insurer's Employee‐Selection Process
Authors: Odom Curtis L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWhen turnover among new hires with less than 18 months of service at a New England–based health insurance provider doubled in two years, the organization examined its recruitment process and then redesigned it to align with research‐based best practices. Revamped to address candidates' cultural fit in a collaborative environment, the new process requires analyzing the target job; identifying relevant dimensions of job performance; identifying the abilities, skills, and knowledge (ASKs) required to successfully perform the job; adopting tools to measure the ASKs; and validating tools to ensure they accurately predict performance. As a result of the company's efforts to consider cultural fit during the selection process, the organization reduced new‐hire turnover by 40 percent in 18 months. Encouraged by this success, the company now has a multipronged approach to workforce planning that encompasses a combination of strategies to ensure effective external recruitment while fostering the development of in‐house talent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the Relationship Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction Among Shift Workers in India
Authors: Jena Rabindra Kumar , Goswami Rupashree 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA growing body of research supports the contention that organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) improves an enterprise's efficiency by enhancing the level of job satisfaction among employees. Therefore, researchers' and practitioners' interest in the ramifications of OCB is on the rise. A study of 240 shift workers in five ferro‐alloy industries in Odisha, India, investigated the relationship between two types of OCB and five principal facets of job satisfaction. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between OCB and several workplace elements that contribute to employees' job satisfaction. These findings have important implications for business leaders charged with improving organizational performance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Elements of Leadership
Authors: Schultz John R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLeadership is not merely a matter of possessing certain traits, such as tough‐mindedness or bottom‐line thinking. Leadership requires mastery of a competency‐based skill set that can be learned and practiced by anyone so inclined. The only limitations are personal preferences, convictions, determination, and situational constraints. Leaders are those who can inspire others to work for the benefit of the entire organization by articulating a compelling future, focusing on the long term, coordinating diverse efforts, providing enabling structures, appreciating variation, facilitating individual and organizational development, and fostering behaviors that contribute to the common good, while always displaying personal credibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of a combined machining/burnishing tool on the roughness and mechanical properties
Authors: Mezlini S. , Mzali S. , Sghaier S. , Braham C. , Kapsa Ph. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBurnishing is a cold working surface treatment process in which plastic deformation of surface irregularities occurs by exerting pressure through a very hard and a very smooth roller or ball on a surface to generate a uniform and work‐hardened surface. This treatment occurs generally after the machining process. In this study, a new combined machining/burnishing tool is designed and is fabricated. This tool allows for generating simultaneously the machining (turning) and the burnishing of the cylindrical surface using a turning machine.First, turned surfaces at different conditions, sketches, finishing and half finishing were performed using only the cutting tool. The evolutions of a surface roughness parameter and the technological time relative to every test condition have been investigated. Second, using the combined machining/burnishing tool at coarse conditions, the evolutions of the surface roughness and the technological time have been also investigated. A comparison among the parameters obtained under different machining conditions and those obtained using the combined machining/burnishing tool has been carried out. Moreover, the analyses of the layers obtained on the combined machined/burnished surface have shown that the burnishing process induces compressive residual stresses on the subsurface treated specimens. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optically Active Particles of Chiral Polymers
Authors: Song Ci , Liu Xuan , Liu Dong , Ren Chonglei , Yang Wantai , Deng Jianping 
Published: August 2013

Particles constructed by chiral polymers (defined as PCPs) have emerged as a rapidly expanding research field in recent years because of their potentially wide‐ranging applications in asymmetric catalysis, enantioselective crystallization, enantioselective release, amongst many others. The particles show considerable optical activity, due to the chirality of the corresponding polymers from which the particles are derived. This review article presents an overview on PCPs with emphasis on our group's recent achievements in the preparation of PCPs derived from optically active helical polymers and their applications. PCPs can be prepared via emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization, and suspension polymerization by starting from monomers. Emulsification of preformed chiral polymers and self‐assembly approaches also can lead to PCPs. Chiral polymer‐based core/shell particles, hollow particles, and magnetic particles are also covered because of their remarkable properties and significant potential applications.
image
3‐D Interdigitated electrodes for uniform stimulation of electro‐responsive hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Jackson Nathan , Cordero Nicolas , Stam Frank 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTStimuli‐responsive hydrogels are continuing to increase in demand in biomedical applications. Occluding a blood vessel is one possible application which is ideal for a hydrogel because of their ability to expand in a fluid environment. However, typically stimuli‐responsive hydrogels focus on bending instead of radial uniform expansion, which is required for an occlusion application. This article focuses on using an interdigitated electrode device to stimulate an electro‐responsive hydrogel in order to demonstrate a uniform swelling/deswelling of the hydrogel. A Pluronic‐bismethacrylate (PF127‐BMA) hydrogel modified with hydrolyzed methacrylic acid, in order to make it electrically responsive, is used in this article. An interdigitated electrode device was manufactured containing Platinum electrodes. The results in this paper show that the electrically biased hydrogels deswelled 230% more than the non‐biased samples on average. The hydrogels deswelled uniformly and showed no visual deformations due to the electrical bias. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1523–1528
Data‐driven models for protein interaction and design
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Ericksen Spencer S. , Demerdash Omar N. A. , Mitchell Julie C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe describe methods and results for four new types of challenge in the Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions (CAPRI). Two new challenges asked predictors to create models related to protein interface design. The first of these was to distinguish binding interfaces from designed nonbinding interfaces. The second was to predict the effects of all single‐point mutations on hemagglutinin binding to two small designed proteins. Two additional challenges asked predictors to submit high‐resolution structures for interface‐bound crystallographic waters and for binding heparin to a putative glycosylase. Proteins 2013; 81:2221–2228. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The crystal structure of human quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in complex with its inhibitor phthalic acid
Authors: Malik Shuja S. , Patterson Dimeka N. , Ncube Ziphezinhle , Toth Eric A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTQuinolinic acid (QA), a biologically potent but neurodestructive metabolite is catabolized by quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) in the first step of the de novo NAD+ biosynthesis pathway. This puts QPRT at the junction of two different pathways, that is, de novo NAD+ biosynthesis and the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. Thus, QPRT is an important enzyme in terms of its biological impact and its potential as a therapeutic target. Here, we report the crystal structure of human QPRT bound to its inhibitor phthalic acid (PHT) and kinetic analysis of PHT inhibition of human QPRT. This structure, determined at 2.55 Å resolution, shows an elaborate hydrogen bonding network that helps in recognition of PHT and consequently its substrate QA. In addition to this hydrogen bonding network, we observe extensive van der Waals contacts with the PHT ring that might be important for correctly orientating the substrate QA during catalysis. Moreover, our crystal form allows us to observe an intact hexamer in both the apo‐ and PHT‐bound forms in the same crystal system, which provides a direct comparison of unique subunit interfaces formed in hexameric human QPRT. We call these interfaces “nondimeric interfaces” to distinguish them from the typical dimeric interfaces observed in all QPRTs. We observe significant changes in the nondimeric interfaces in the QPRT hexamer upon binding PHT. Thus, the new structural and functional features of this enzyme we describe here will aid in understanding the function of hexameric QPRTs, which includes all eukaryotic and select prokaryotic QPRTs. Proteins 2014; 82:405–414. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EPR of new phosphorus‐containing centers in synthetic diamonds
Authors: Nadolinny Vladimir , Komarovskikh Andrey , Pal'yanov Yuri , Kupriyanov Igor 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis work is devoted to studying the effect of electron and X‐ray irradiation on phosphorus centers in synthetic diamonds grown in the P–C system by high‐pressure high‐temperature method (BARS technology). A new paramagnetic NP6 phosphorus‐containing center was found in annealed at 2573 K and 7.5 GPa diamonds after X‐ray irradiation in addition to NP4 and NP5 phosphorus centers. NP6 center has electron spin S = 1/2, g1 = 2.00085, g2 = 2.00083, g3 = 2.00083 and hyperfine structure (HFS) of one phosphorus atom with parameters: A1 = 7.585 mT, A2 = 2.942 mT, A3 = 2.328 mT. It is supposed that NP4–NP6 centers are genetically related to three NP1–NP3 nitrogen–phosphorus centers and are formed as the tetrahedral environment of a phosphorus atom is transformed into the octahedral environment at annealing temperature of 2573 K. Synthetic diamonds annealed at 2573 K were subsequently subjected to irradiation with electrons with energy of 3.5 MeV (5 × 1017 e cm−2) and annealing at 773 and 973 K. It was ascertained by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies that annealing of the crystals irradiated with electrons gave rise to a new paramagnetic center NP7 with electron spin S = 1 and HFS of one phosphorus atom with parameters: g = 2.0012, D = 1.97 mT and A(P) = 0.36 mT. The center hypothetically has a structure of eight‐vacancy chain with a phosphorus atom in its center.
Femtosecond laser micromachined optical waveguides in LiTaO3 crystal
Authors: Xu Miaomiao , He Ruiyun , Sun Shuqian , Aldana Javier R. Vázquez de , Chen Feng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBy using femtosecond laser micromachining, optical wave guides in both depressed cladding and dual‐line configurations have been produced in LiTaO3 crystal. The guiding properties and the thermal stability have been investigated for both geometries, which exhibit different performance. Depressed cladding waveguides support guidance along both extraordinary and ordinary index polarizations, while dual‐line waveguides support only extraordinary index polarization. Thermal annealing has been proved to be an effective method to reduce the propagation losses. For the cladding waveguide, the lowest propagation loss was as low as 0.38 dB/cm after the annealing treatment at 400 °C. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Latent semantic analysis
Authors: Evangelopoulos Nicholas E. 
Published: August 2013

This article reviews latent semantic analysis (LSA), a theory of meaning as well as a method for extracting that meaning from passages of text, based on statistical computations over a collection of documents.LSAas a theory of meaning defines a latent semantic space where documents and individual words are represented as vectors.LSAas a computational technique uses linear algebra to extract dimensions that represent that space. This representation enables the computation of similarity among terms and documents, categorization of terms and documents, and summarization of large collections of documents using automated procedures that mimic the way humans perform similar cognitive tasks. We present some technical details, various illustrative examples, and discuss a number of applications from linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, education, information science, and analysis of textual data in general.WIREs Cogn Sci2013, 4:683–692. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1254This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Computational Models of LanguagePsychology > Language
Copula‐based model for wind turbine power curve outlier rejection
Authors: Wang Yue , Infield David G. , Stephen Bruce , Galloway Stuart J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPower curve measurements provide a conventional and effective means of assessing the performance of a wind turbine, both commercially and technically. Increasingly high wind penetration in power systems and offshore accessibility issues make it even more important to monitor the condition and performance of wind turbines based on timely and accurate wind speed and power measurements. Power curve data from Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system records, however, often contain significant measurement deviations, which are commonly produced as a consequence of wind turbine operational transitions rather than stemming from physical degradation of the plant. Using such raw data for wind turbine condition monitoring purposes is thus likely to lead to high false alarm rates, which would make the actual fault detection unreliable and would potentially add unnecessarily to the costs of maintenance. To this end, this paper proposes a probabilistic method for excluding outliers, developed around a copula‐based joint probability model. This approach has the capability of capturing the complex non‐linear multivariate relationship between parameters, based on their univariate marginal distributions; through the use of a copula, data points that deviate significantly from the consolidated power curve can then be removed depending on this derived joint probability distribution. After filtering the data in this manner, it is shown how the resulting power curves are better defined and less subject to uncertainty, whilst broadly retaining the dominant statistical characteristics. These improved power curves make subsequent condition monitoring more effective in the reliable detection of faults. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bi65Cu13Ge41O6Br122, a Low‐Valent Compound of High Structural Complexity Featuring the Trigonal Anion [O(GeIIBr2)3]2–with an sp2‐Hybridized μ3‐Oxide Ion
Authors: Gerisch Alexander , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThiny black air‐sensitive crystals of Bi65Cu13Ge41O6Br122= (Bi5)2(Bi9)6[O(GeBr2)3]6[Cu6Ge5Br20][BiCu7Ge18Br66] were obtained by very slow cooling of a melt of bismuth, bismuth tribromide, copper, and partly oxidized germanium. The crystal structure was described in the hexagonal space groupP63(no. 173) witha= 2584.2(4) pm andc= 1277.4(3) pm at 296(1) K. The polarity of the structure is subtle; large parts of the structure show a pseudo mirror plane. The highly diversified structure comprises five distinct structural fragments. For the first time, two polyhedral bismuth polycations, Bi53+(trigonal bipyramid,D3h) and Bi95+(tricapped trigonal prism,D3h), occur in one and the same chemical compound. A hitherto unknown group is theC3h‐symmetric μ3‐oxido‐tris[dibromidogermanate(II)] anion [O(GeBr2)3]2–, in which the germanium atoms of three GeIIBr2units bind to a central oxide ion with sp2hybridization. Density‐functional‐theory‐based calculations on an isolated [O(GeBr2)3]2–anion confirm the stability of the group and its shape. Real‐space chemical bonding analysis supports the polar nature of the Ge–O and Ge–Br bonds as well as the assigned oxidation states. The [O(GeBr2)3]2–anion and the bismuth polycations are embedded between two kinds of one‐dimensional networks, which are running parallel to thecaxis, a bromido‐cuprate(I)‐germanate(II) network1∞[Cu6Ge5Br20]4–and a bromido‐bismuthate(III)‐cuprate(I)‐germanate(II) network1∞[BiCu7Ge18Br66]20–. The latter features pentacoordinate germanium(II) atoms with bond angles close to 90°. The solution of the crystal structure from X‐ray diffraction data was hampered not only by severe pseudo‐symmetry and the similar scattering power of copper, germanium, and bromine atoms, but also by substantial atomic disorder and orientational disorder of the Bi53+polycation. Bi65Cu13Ge41O6Br122may be seen as a link between low‐valent germanium compounds and low‐valent bismuth compounds.