bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation and partial purification of an antimutagenic peptide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum JNU 2116
Authors: Jeong Jong‐Uk , Song Minyu , Kim Younghoon , Kim Kwang‐Hyun , Kang Jaheon , Oh Sejong 
Published: April 2015

The antimutagenic activities of sixteen strains of Lactobacillus were evaluated using three mutagens (4‐nitroquinoline‐N'‐oxide, 4‐NQO; N‐methyl‐N'nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine, MNNG; and 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazole quinoline, IQ). Among the tested Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus plantarum strain JNU 2116 had the highest antimutagenic activity in the presence of 4‐NQO, MNNG and IQ (21.5, 25.8 and 34.54% inhibition, respectively). The molecular weight of the antimutagenic peptide was estimated at approximately 762 Da, and the N‐terminal amino acid residue sequence of the purified peptide was identified as NH2‐ XLEXKKAEXITTXX. This peptide may be able to counteract the activity of carcinogens and other toxins if it is added to functional dairy products.
Lack of dissemination of acquired resistance to β‐lactams in small wild mammals around an isolated village in the Amazonian forest
Authors: Grall Nathalie , Barraud Olivier , Wieder Ingrid , Hua Anna , Perrier Marion , Babosan Ana , Gaschet Margaux , Clermont Olivier , Denamur Erick , Catzeflis François , Decré Dominique , Ploy Marie‐Cécile , Andremont Antoine 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn this study, we quantitatively evaluated the spread of resistance to β‐lactams and of integrons in small rodents and marsupials living at various distances from a point of antibiotic's use. Rectal swabs from 114 animals were collected in Trois‐Sauts, an isolated village in French Guiana, and along a 3 km transect heading through the non‐anthropized primary forest. Prevalence of ticarcillin‐resistant enterobacteria was 36% (41/114). Klebsiella spp., naturally resistant to ticarcillin, were found in 31.1% (23/73) of animals from the village and in an equal ratio of 31.7% (13/41) of animals trapped along the transect. By contrast Escherichia coli with acquired resistance to ticarcillin were found in 13.7% (10/73) of animals from the village and in only 2.4% (1/41) of those from the transect (600 m from the village). There was a huge diversity of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with very unique and infrequent sequence types. The overall prevalence of class 1 integrons carriage was 19.3% (22/114) homogenously distributed between animals from the village and the transect, which suggests a co‐selection by a non‐antibiotic environmental factor. Our results indicate that the anthropogenic acquired antibiotic resistance did not disseminate in the wild far from the point of selective pressure.
Course of Alcohol Symptoms and Social Anxiety Disorder from Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Black Jessica J. , Clark Duncan B. , Martin Christopher S. , Kim Kevin H. , Blaze Thomas J. , Creswell Kasey G. , Chung Tammy 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge of the course of social anxiety disorder (SAD) from adolescence into adulthood, and how SAD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms change together over time. The current study examined how persistent and adolescent‐limited SAD relate to alcohol symptom trajectories across adolescence and into adulthood, as well as gender differences in the course of SAD and AUD symptoms.MethodsParticipants were 788 youth (ages 12 to 18 at the baseline assessment; 46.2% female; 80.5% White) recruited from the community (n = 220) and from clinical programs (n = 568). Youth completed clinical interviews on their lifetime history of AUD symptoms and SAD at baseline and were followed through age 25. Multivariate polynomial growth mixture modeling was used to estimate developmental trajectories for SAD and AUD symptoms separately, then together in a dual trajectory model. Gender differences were examined using a classify–analyze approach.ResultsThree SAD trajectory classes were identified: adolescent‐limited (15%), persistent (6%), and no SAD (79%). For AUD symptoms, 5 trajectories were identified: severe (10%), moderate (22%), remitting (18%), young adult onset (22%), and stable low (28%). Those with a history of SAD were about twice as likely to be in the severe AUD symptom class compared to those without a history of SAD. Compared to those with persisting SAD, those in the adolescent‐limited SAD class were more likely to belong to the stable low AUD trajectory. Compared to males with SAD, females with SAD were less likely to be in the moderate AUD symptom class and were more likely to be in stable low and young adult onset AUD symptom classes.ConclusionsA history of SAD was associated with membership in the severe AUD trajectory group. The association of gender with SAD and AUD differed depending on developmental period. Future research should examine whether treating SAD in early adolescence may prevent subsequent AUD symptoms.
A lower reduction in umbilical artery pulsatility in mid‐pregnancy predicts higher infant blood pressure six months after birth
Authors: Khoury J , Knutsen M , Stray‐Pedersen B , Thaulow E , Tonstad S 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe Norwegian‐based Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Diet in Pregnancy study found that a cholesterol‐lowering diet during pregnancy was associated with an accentuated reduction in the umbilical artery pulsatility index. This follow‐up study assessed the possible association between the index and the infants’ blood pressure at six months of age.MethodsIn the original study, pregnant women consumed an anti‐atherogenic or usual diet from gestational weeks 17–20 to birth and underwent Doppler velocimetry at 24, 30 and 36 gestational weeks. In this follow‐up study, blood pressure was measured in 105 mother–infant pairs in the intervention group and 106 mother–infant pairs in the control group six months after birth.ResultsMean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not significantly different between both groups. When the groups were combined, multivariate linear analyses showed that a lower versus higher reduction (≥−0.17 versus <−0.17) in the umbilical artery pulsatility index between gestational weeks 24 and 30 and maternal diastolic blood pressure at six months postpartum were significant predictors of higher infant systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03, 0.01, respectively).ConclusionA lower reduction in umbilical pulsatility index in mid‐pregnancy was associated with higher infant blood pressure at six months of age. This suggests that fetoplacental intrauterine factors may influence future cardiovascular risk.
Review article: gut‐directed hypnotherapy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Peters S. L. , Muir J. G. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundGut‐directed hypnotherapy is being increasingly applied to patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to a lesser extent, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimTo review the technique, mechanisms of action and evidence for efficacy, and to identify gaps in the understanding of gut‐directed hypnotherapy as a treatment for IBS and IBD.MethodsA review of published literature and a systematic review of clinical trials in its application to patients with IBS and IBD were performed.ResultsGut‐directed hypnotherapy is a clearly described technique. Its potential mechanisms of action on the brain‐gut axis are multiple with evidence spanning psychological effects through to physiological gastrointestinal modifications. Six of seven randomised IBS studies reported a significant reduction (all P < 0.05) in overall gastrointestinal symptoms following treatment usually compared to supportive therapy only. Response rates amongst those who received gut‐directed hypnotherapy ranged between 24% and 73%. Efficacy was maintained long‐term in four of five studies. A therapeutic effect was also observed in the maintenance of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. Uncontrolled trials supported the efficacy and durability of gut‐directed hypnotherapy in IBS. Gaps in understanding included to whom and when it should be applied, the paucity of adequately trained hypnotherapists, and the difficulties in designing well controlled‐trials.ConclusionsGut‐directed hypnotherapy has durable efficacy in patients with IBS and possibly ulcerative colitis. Whether it sits in the therapeutic arsenal as a primary and/or adjunctive therapy cannot be ascertained on the current evidence base. Further research into efficacy, mechanisms of action and predictors of response is required.
CSF3R and CALR mutations in paediatric myeloid disorders and the association of CSF3R mutations with translocations, including t(8; 21)
Authors: Sano Hitoshi , Ohki Kentaro , Park Myoung‐ja , Shiba Norio , Hara Yusuke , Sotomatsu Manabu , Tomizawa Daisuke , Taga Takashi , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Tawa Akio , Horibe Keizo , Adachi Souichi , Hayashi Yasuhide 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMutations in the colony‐stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) and calreticulin (CALR) genes have been reported in a proportion of adults with myeloproliferative disease. However, little is known about CSF3R or CALR mutations in paediatric myeloid disorders. We analysed CSF3R exons 14 and 17, and CALR exon 9, using direct sequencing in samples of paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML; n = 521), juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML; n = 40), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 20) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET; n = 21). CSF3R mutations were found in 10 (1·92%) of 521 patients with AML; two in exon 14 (both missense mutations resulting in p.T618I) and eight in exon 17 (three frameshift mutations: p.S715X, p.Q774R, and p.S783Q; and five novel missense mutations: p.Q754K, p.R769H, p.L777F, p.T781I, and S795R). All of the patients with mutations in CSF3R exon 17 had chromosomal translocations, including four with t(8;21). At the time of reporting, seven of these ten patients are alive; three have died, due to side effects of chemotherapy. No CSF3R mutations were found in cases of MDS, JMML or ET. The only mutation found in the CALR gene was a frameshift (p.L367 fs) in one ET patient. We discuss the potential impact of these findings for the leukaemogenesis and clinical features of paediatric myeloid disorders.
The relation between long‐term cortisol levels and the metabolic syndrome in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Langerak Thomas , van den Dries Lennert W. J. , Wester Vincent L. , Staufenbiel Sabine M. , Manenschijn Laura , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , van Gorp Eric C. M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjectivePatients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of metabolic complications such as dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and hypertension; symptoms that are also associated with an excess of the hormone cortisol. We studied the relationship between long‐term cortisol levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in HIV‐infected patients.DesignCross‐sectional study performed at the outpatient clinic of infectious diseases of the Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.MethodsFasting blood samples and anthropometric data were collected in 126 HIV‐infected patients. An ELISA‐based technique was used to determine long‐term cortisol levels in scalp hair. Cortisol levels were compared to 191 healthy controls.ResultsA higher risk of MetS was observed in HIV patients with a low hair cortisol (odds ratio lower vs upper tertile 4·23, P = 0·04). Hair cortisol levels were not significantly different between HIV patients and healthy controls (16·4 pg/mg vs 13·5 pg/mg; P = 0·14).ConclusionThe risk of MetS was significantly higher in HIV‐infected patients in the lowest hair cortisol group compared with patients in the highest hair cortisol group. This finding contrasts with results from studies in uninfected individuals where a high cortisol level in hair is associated with metabolic syndrome. The results of this study suggest that these metabolic complications might be related to relative cortisol hypersensitivity in HIV patients.
Heterozygous nonsense mutations near the C‐terminal region of IGF1R in two patients with small‐for‐gestational‐age‐related short stature
Authors: Fujimoto Masanobu , Kawashima Sonoyama Yuki , Hamajima Naoki , Hamajima Takashi , Kumura Yumiko , Miyahara Naoki , Nishimura Rei , Adachi Kaori , Nanba Eiji , Hanaki Keiichi , Kanzaki Susumu 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe type I insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) plays an important role in growth. We aimed to evaluate the detailed mechanism underlying the effect of IGF1R on human growth.Patients and MethodsWe have performed sequence analysis of IGF1R in 55 patients with SGA short stature in Japan, since 2004, and identified novel heterozygous nonsense mutations in 2 patients: an 8‐year‐old Japanese boy (case 1), with a birthweight of 2228 g (−3·3 SDS) and height of 46 cm (−2·1 SDS), and a 3‐year‐old Japanese girl (case 2), with a birthweight of 2110 g (−3·0 SDS) and height of 44·3 cm (−2·8 SDS). Both patients had a short stature (−3·2 SDS, −3·1 SDS). We determined the protein expression of mutated IGF1R, assessed the effect of the endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation (ERAD) pathway on mutated IGF1R, assessed the dominant‐negative effect of IGF1R and performed quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of IGF1R mRNA expression in whole blood cells.ResultsTwo novel heterozygous nonsense mutations (case 1: p.Q1250X and case 2: p.W1249X) were identified. Although these mutations did not affect blood IGF1R mRNA levels, they significantly decreased the expression of IGF1R protein in transiently transfected cells. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 showed significantly increased IGF1R protein.ConclusionsHeterozygous nonsense mutations affecting the C‐terminal region (p.Q1250X, p.W1249X) of IGF1R decreased the expression of IGF1R through the ERAD pathway. Our study revealed the importance of the C‐terminal region and the dosage of this receptor for growth.
Soft Tissue Integration of Hydroxyapatite‐Coated Abutments for Bone Conduction Implants
Authors: Larsson Anna , Andersson Marcus , Wigren Stina , Pivodic Aldina , Flynn Mark , Nannmark Ulf 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeThe protocol for bone conduction hearing implant surgery involves reduction of soft tissues around the abutment to minimize the risk of skin‐related complications. The present investigation was undertaken to demonstrate that hydroxyapatite‐coated abutments provide improved soft tissue integration compared with conventional (pure titanium) abutments and are suitable for use without surgical removal of subepidermal soft tissues.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight implants for bone conduction with two different types of abutments (test and control) were inserted in the skull parietal part of eight sheep. Test abutments had a hydroxyapatite‐coated surface and a concave shape. Conventional titanium abutments were used as controls. A follow‐up time of 4 weeks was used. Histomorphometric analyses of test and control samples were analyzed, and morphometric results were compared using mixed model analysis.ResultsHistological assessment showed healthy soft tissues around the abutments with limited or no signs of inflammation. Hydroxyapatite‐coated abutments showed intimate dermal adherence, while less close contact was noted for control abutments. Statistically significant differences in mean pocket depth (0.4 vs 1.6 mm, p = .0013) and epidermal downgrowth (0.6 vs 2.0 mm, p = .0003) between test and control abutments were recorded.ConclusionThe study confirms that hydroxyapatite‐coated abutments resulted in a significant reduction in pocket depth and improved soft tissue integration compared with conventional titanium abutments, possibly by providing tight adherence at the interface. Statistically significant reduced pocket depth formation and epidermal downgrowth were recorded.
Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team approach to the prevention of readmission for acute glycaemic events
Authors: Simmons D. , Hartnell S. , Watts J. , Ward C. , Davenport K. , Gunn E. , Jenaway A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsTo describe the effect of a combined diabetes specialist/mental health team approach to prevent readmissions for acute glycaemic events among patients with diabetes.MethodsConsecutive patients with diabetes, readmitted to a single hospital for an acute glycaemic condition, were offered one or more diabetes (including assessment, education, medication, technology use and intensive support) and mental health (including assessment, training and therapies) interventions. The pilot service took place over 11 months, with the preceding 24 months and subsequent 8 months serving as control periods.ResultsOf the 58 patients admitted, 50 had Type 1 diabetes and were from within the hospital catchment area, and were discharged home. Of these, 32 (64%) had a pre‐existing mental health issue and 14 (28%) had a complex social situation. In all, 96% of patients were met as an inpatient by a team member, and 94% accepted at least one intervention. The mean ±sd number of admissions per patient/month dropped from 0.12 ± 0.10 to 0.05 ± 0.10 (P < 0.001) during the intervention, increasing, once the intervention ended, to 0.16 ± 0.36 (P = 0.002). The mean ± sd length of stay similarly decreased and increased (0.6 ± 0.9 to 0.2 ± 0.7 days; P < 0.001 to 0.006) to 0.6 ± 1.4 days (P = 0.003) per patient/month) across the three periods, as did the mean ±sd tariff paid per patient/month (₤258.0 ± 374.0 vs ₤92.1 ± 245.0 vs ₤287.3 ± 563.8; P < 0.001 and P = 0.018, respectively). The mean ± sd HbA1c level dropped from 99 ± 22 to 92 ± 24 mmol/mol (11.2 ± 4.2% vs 10.6 ± 4.3%; P = 0.014) but did not increase after the intervention [89 ± 26 mmol/mol (10.4 ± 4.5%)].ConclusionsThe cost and long‐term risks of hospitalization among patients with Type 1 diabetes and recurrent admissions can be reduced by a combined specialist diabetes/mental health team approach.
Evaluation of the implant‐related restorative undergraduate programme at ACTA, the Netherlands. Part I: students' satisfaction
Authors: Fijnheer C. , Langhorst F. R. , Wismeijer D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionDue to the increasing use of dental implants, many future dentists will encounter implant‐related procedures in general practice. Over the past decade, implant dentistry is more and more often included in undergraduate curricula. Very little is known about students' satisfaction regarding implant‐related undergraduate programmes, as minimal analyses are performed. In particular, a lack of information exists regarding programmes where undergraduates restore implants. This study describes an evaluation of the students' satisfaction regarding the implant‐related restorative undergraduate programme at ACTA, the Netherlands.Material and methodsAfter clinical examination and establishment of the treatment plan, undergraduates were required to assist postgraduate implantology students during surgery. All patients received Straumann (Basel, Switzerland) implants. The restorative phase of the treatment was subsequently performed by the undergraduates. A students' questionnaire was developed. All questions were exclusively on the restorative part of the implant‐related programme.ResultsIn total, 90 patients were treated by 78 undergraduates. 146 Straumann implants were restored with 121 restorations. The most common restoration was a single crown (80.2%), followed by three‐unit fixed partial dentures (12.4%). The questionnaires showed a high rate of students' satisfaction concerning the restorative implant programme. Students replied they think they can manufacture an implant‐supported crown or FDP without supervision after following the programme. In their opinion, the existence of the restorative programme should definitely be continued.ConclusionAccording to positive student perceptions, an implant‐related restorative programme should be recommended for implementation in undergraduate dental curricula. The programme at ACTA could be used as a template for other universities.
Encouraging intrinsic motivation in the clinical setting: teachers' perspectives from the self‐determination theory
Authors: Orsini C. , Evans P. , Binnie V. , Ledezma P. , Fuentes F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐determination theory postulates that the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness have to be satisfied for students to achieve intrinsic motivation and internalisation of autonomous self‐regulation towards academic activities. Consequently, the influence of the clinical teaching environment becomes crucial when satisfying these needs, particularly when promoting or diminishing students' intrinsic motivation. The aim of this study was to describe and understand how clinical teachers encourage intrinsic motivation in undergraduate dental students based on the three basic psychological needs described by the self‐determination theory.MethodsA qualitative case study approach was adopted, and data were collected through semistructured interviews with nine experienced undergraduate clinical teachers of one dental school in Santiago, Chile. Interview transcripts were analysed by two independent reviewers using a general inductive approach.FindingsSeveral themes emerged outlining teaching strategies and behaviours. These themes included the control of external motivators; gradual transference of responsibility; identification and encouragement of personal interests; timely and constructive feedback; delivery of a vicarious learning experience; teamwork, team discussion, and presence of a safe environment, amongst others. Overall, teachers stressed the relevance of empowering, supporting and building a horizontal relationship with students.ConclusionsOur findings regarding dental education expand on the research outcomes from other health professions about how teachers may support students to internalise behaviours. An autonomy‐supportive environment may lead students to value and engage in academic activities and eventually foster the use of an autonomy‐supportive style to motivate their patients.
Biodiversity in cities needs space: a meta‐analysis of factors determining intra‐urban biodiversity variation
Authors: Beninde Joscha , Veith Michael , Hochkirch Axel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding varying levels of biodiversity within cities is pivotal to protect it in the face of global urbanisation. In the early stages of urban ecology studies on intra‐urban biodiversity focused on the urban–rural gradient, representing a broad generalisation of features of the urban landscape. Increasingly, studies classify the urban landscape in more detail, quantifying separately the effects of individual urban features on biodiversity levels. However, while separate factors influencing biodiversity variation among cities worldwide have recently been analysed, a global analysis on the factors influencing biodiversity levels within cities is still lacking. We here present the first meta‐analysis on intra‐urban biodiversity variation across a large variety of taxonomic groups of 75 cities worldwide. Our results show that patch area and corridors have the strongest positive effects on biodiversity, complemented by vegetation structure. Local, biotic and management habitat variables were significantly more important than landscape, abiotic or design variables. Large sites greater than 50 ha are necessary to prevent a rapid loss of area‐sensitive species. This indicates that, despite positive impacts of biodiversity‐friendly management, increasing the area of habitat patches and creating a network of corridors is the most important strategy to maintain high levels of urban biodiversity.