bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Association Between Negative Life Events and Initiation of Sexual Intercourse: The Influence of Family Structure and Family Income
Authors: Cheney Marshall K. , Oman Roy F. , Vesely Sara K. , Aspy Cheryl B. , Tolma Eleni L. , John Robert 
Published: January 2015

Objectives. We examined the prospective association between negative life events and time to initiation of sexual intercourse and the influence of family structure and family income on this association. Methods. We followed up a randomly selected sample (n = 649) of ethnically diverse parents and their children aged 12 to 17 years over a 5-year period. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to examine the relation between negative life events and time to initiation of sexual intercourse. Family structure and family income were assessed as confounders. Results. Negative life events were significant predictors of time to initiation of sexual intercourse in adolescents. After controlling for demographic variables, youths reporting 1 negative life event had a hazard of initiation of sexual intercourse 1.40 times greater and youths reporting 2 or more negative life events had a hazard of initiation of sexual intercourse 1.61 times greater compared with youths reporting no negative life events. Family structure and family income were not significant confounders of the relation between initiation of sexual intercourse and negative life events. Conclusions. Interventions to prevent initiation of sexual intercourse should focus on youths with recent negative life events, regardless of family income and structure.
Creating Incentives to Move Upstream: Developing a Diversified Portfolio of Population Health Measures Within Payment and Health Care Reform
Authors: Auerbach John 
Published: January 2015

I examined the feasibility of developing a balanced portfolio of population health measures that would be useful within the current deliberations about health care and payment reform. My commentary acknowledges that an obstacle to the selection of population health metrics is the differing definitions of population health. Rather than choosing between these definitions, I identified five categories of indicators, ranging from traditional clinical care prevention interventions to those that measure investment in community-level nonclinical services, that in various combinations might yield the most promising results. I offer concrete examples of markers in each of the categories and show that there is a growing number of individuals eager to receive concrete recommendations and implement population health pilot programs.
Adapting the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model of Police–Mental Health Collaboration in a Low-Income, Post-Conflict Country: Curriculum Development in Liberia, West Africa
Authors: Kohrt Brandon A. , Blasingame Elise , Compton Michael T. , Dakana Samuel F. , Dossen Benedict , Lang Frank , Strode Patricia , Cooper Janice 
Published: January 2015

Objectives. We sought to develop a curriculum and collaboration model for law enforcement and mental health services in Liberia, West Africa. Methods. In 2013 we conducted key informant interviews with law enforcement officers, mental health clinicians, and mental health service users in Liberia, and facilitated a 3-day curriculum workshop. Results. Mental health service users reported prior violent interactions with officers. Officers and clinicians identified incarceration and lack of treatment of mental health service users as key problems, and they jointly drafted a curriculum based upon the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model adapted for Liberia. Officers’ mental health knowledge improved from 64% to 82% on workshop assessments (t = 5.52; P < .01). Clinicians’ attitudes improved (t = 2.42; P = .03). Six months after the workshop, 69% of clinicians reported improved engagement with law enforcement. Since the Ebola outbreak, law enforcement and clinicians have collaboratively addressed diverse public health needs. Conclusions. Collaborations between law enforcement and mental health clinicians can benefit multiple areas of public health, as demonstrated by partnerships to improve responses during the Ebola epidemic. Future research should evaluate training implementation and outcomes including stigma reduction, referrals, and use of force.
A ‘Somewhat Homely’ Stardom: Michael Denison, Dulcie Gray and Refurnishing Domestic Modernity in the Postwar Years
Authors: Price Hollie 
Published: January 2015

The husband and wife acting duo, Michael Denison and Dulcie Gray, achieved popular acclaim in British cinema during the 1940s, Gray in They Were Sisters (1945) and Denison in My Brother Jonathan (1948). Following the success of My Brother Jonathan (in which Gray also appeared), the couple's star status was soon cemented by roles together on screen, including notably The Glass Mountain (1949), The Franchise Affair (1951), Angels One Five (1952) and There Was a Young Lady (1953). As a result of these roles in popular films and images of the couple in extra-cinematic culture, a picture of cosy, domestic consensus became irrevocably associated with Denison and Gray's status as British film stars, much to Denison's later chagrin. Rachael Low's History of the British Film suggests that British actors and actresses have not been deemed worthy of the glamorous connotations of star status because they are ‘somewhat homely in comparison with legendary international figures’ (1971: 263). In this period, the Denisons’ star image was characterised by the ‘homely’: by a vision of their domestic life together as at once aspirational, ordinary and English. However, this article argues that their stardom can be resituated as a postwar reformulation of modes linking British stars with ideas surrounding domestic modernity in the middlebrow culture of the interwar years. Therefore, Low's label of homeliness can be redefined as a key characteristic of the distinction, promotion and reception of popular British stardom in the immediate postwar period.
L'écriture de soi... s'écrire l'intime
Authors: Kelley-Lainé Kathleen 
Published: January 2015

L’écriture de soi jaillit d’une nécessité de trouver les traces de l’intime à travers des métaphores. Mais lorsque le sujet n’a plus sa langue maternelle à disposition, comment accéder aux profondeurs dans une langue étrangère ? S’écrire l’intime devient alors la voie même du retour aux origines.
Le bébé prématuré et ses médecins
Authors: Mathelin Catherine 
Published: January 2015

Les grands prématurés hospitalisés dans un service de réanimation néonatale, sont des bébés en danger. Et s’ils survivent comment pourront-ils du fond de leurs couveuses appréhender le monde ? Attachés aux machines, en partie coupés de la relation à l’Autre, qu’en sera-t-il pour eux d’une possibilité de devenir sujet ? L’approche psychanalytique peut permettre, à condition qu’un travail soit possible avec médecins, parents et bébés, de changer la donne et de donner aux habituels soins de développement une tournure radicalement différente.
Entretien exclusif avec Serge Moscovici
Authors: Augagneur Floran 
Published: January 2015

De 2011 jusqu’à fin 2013, Floran Augagneur a mené des entretiens avec Serge Moscovici, dans le but d’écrire un livre sur son œuvre, qu’il est en train de rédiger. Pour ce numéro de Vraiment durable, il nous a livré un article qu’on trouvera dans la rubrique « Philosophie durable », mais il a aussi accepté de nous confier un des entretiens, dans lequel Serge Moscovici évoque non seulement son cheminement, mais aussi son regard sur l’écologie politique d’aujourd’hui, la question de la science comme « savoir du sens commun », et finalement affirme que la « question naturelle » n’a plus grand-chose à voir avec l’écologie, car elle s’est coupée de la « dissidence », laquelle est du côté de la vie, et non du conservatisme. Il cite Grothendieck comme celui qui a, avant de se tourner vers l’écologie, réévalué la science, et on ne peut s’empêcher de rapprocher la proximité de leur disparition, Serge Moscovici le 15 novembre 2014, Grothendieck deux jours avant, nous privant de deux penseurs et savants qui ont posé la question de la nature et de sa destruction, dans des termes philosophiques dont la radicalité manque cruellement aujourd’hui.
La vie n'existe que là où il y a des hommes
Authors: Augagneur Floran 
Published: January 2015

Floran Augagneur revisite, dans un article percutant, la pensée écologique de Serge Moscovici, non pas à partir de ses écrits sur la question naturelle, mais à partir de ses travaux de psychologie sociale. On découvre alors que Serge Moscovici est le théoricien d’une écologie populaire, d’un mouvement social, dont il a par ailleurs aussi été l’un des principaux acteurs. En opposition à une écologie scientiste, héritière de la pensée de Hans Jonas, l’écologie de Serge Moscovici cherche à intégrer un savoir, la connaissance issue du peuple : le sens commun. L’écologie moscovicienne n’est pas une écologie de l’élite, c’est-à-dire une écologie de la contrainte, basée sur le diagnostic scientifique et qui donne le pouvoir aux experts. Un détour par la psychologie sociale, discipline académique fondée par Serge Moscovici, permet d’éclairer la pensée écologique française, de ses prémices à ses objectifs.
Les passions d'une ministre engagée
Authors: El Haité Hakima 
Published: January 2015

Le Maroc est candidat pour accueillir la 22 e Conférence des parties de la Convention sur la lutte contre les changements climatiques, qui se tiendra en 2016 ; si c’est celle de Paris, prévue en décembre 2015, qui attire tous les regards, tous les praticiens de cette négociation savent que les retrouvailles d’après les conférences très médiatisées, dont on attend un « stop ou encore » pour les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement, sont aussi importantes, car elles permettent de concrétiser les succès des précédentes, toujours trop déclaratives, ou d’atténuer leurs insuffisances. Mme Hakima El Haité, ministre marocaine chargée de l’Environnement, en est consciente, et nous dévoile, dans cet entretien qui révèle bien sa personnalité passionnée, sensible et très « politique », combien le Maroc fait d’efforts pour convertir sa population à des comportements plus durables. Beau parcours que celui d’une féministe pour qui être femme, c’est défendre l’avenir des générations futures.
Revision of the cricket species of the subfamily Itarinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from China
Authors: Ma Libin , Zhang Yalin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGenus ofItaraWalker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) includes 10 subgenera and 54 species worldwide. These species are mainly distributed in the Asia-tropical region (e.g., Malay Archipelago, India, Vietnam, and Thailand). In China, one species (Itara minorChopard, 1925) has long been identified from tropical regions. In this study, three subgenera and eight species ofItarahave been identified. Three new species are described (Itara(Itara)basidentatanew species,Itara(Itara)dicrananew species, andItara(Gryllitara)denudatanew species, and four new distribution records are reported. Descriptions and illustrations for eight species are provided.
Can Wolbachia (Rickettsiaceae) explain female-biased sex ratios in mountain pine beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)?
Authors: Lachowsky Leanna E. , Lalonde Robert G. , Reid Mary L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWolbachia Hertig (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) is a genus of endosymbionts that are widespread in insects and can have important implications on population dynamics through cytoplasmic incompatibility or sex-ratio distortion. We considered Wolbachia as a possible explanation for female-biased sex ratios often observed in mountain pine beetle populations, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a major pest species in western Canada whose most recent outbreak and range expansion has killed many millions of mature lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae). We used wsp primers to screen for Wolbachia in 10 mountain pine beetle populations with varying degrees of female bias in southeast British Columbia and southwest Alberta, Canada. We found no evidence of Wolbachia in these populations and suggest that other factors may explain the sex-ratio bias.
A Nonhuman Primate Scrub Typhus Model: Protective Immune Responses Induced by pKarp47 DNA Vaccination in Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Paris Daniel H. , Chattopadhyay Suchismita , Jiang Ju , Nawtaisong Pruksa , Lee John S. , Tan Esterlina , Dela Cruz Eduardo , Burgos Jasmin , Abalos Rodolfo , Blacksell Stuart D. , Lombardini Eric , Turner Gareth D. , Day Nicholas P. J. , Richards Allen L. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We developed an intradermal (ID) challenge cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) model of scrub typhus, the leading cause of treatable undifferentiated febrile illness in tropical Asia, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi. A well-characterized animal model is required for the development of clinically relevant diagnostic assays and evaluation of therapeutic agents and candidate vaccines. We investigated scrub typhus disease pathophysiology and evaluated two O. tsutsugamushi 47-kDa, Ag-based candidate vaccines, a DNA plasmid vaccine (pKarp47), and a virus-vectored vaccine (Kp47/47-Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particle) for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against homologous ID challenge with O. tsutsugamushi Karp. Control cynomolgus macaques developed fever, classic eschars, lymphadenopathy, bacteremia, altered liver function, increased WBC counts, pathogen-specific Ab (IgM and IgG), and cell-mediated immune responses. Vaccinated macaques receiving the DNA plasmid pKarp47 vaccine had significantly increased O. tsutsugamushi–specific, IFN-γ–producing PBMCs (p = 0.04), reduced eschar frequency and bacteremia duration (p ≤ 0.01), delayed bacteremia onset (p &lt; 0.05), reduced circulating bacterial biomass (p = 0.01), and greater reduction of liver transaminase levels (p &lt; 0.03) than controls. This study demonstrates a vaccine-induced immune response capable of conferring sterile immunity against high-dose homologous ID challenge of O. tsutsugamushi in a nonhuman primate model, and it provides insight into cell-mediated immune control of O. tsutsugamushi and dissemination dynamics, highlights the importance of bacteremia indices for evaluation of both natural and vaccine-induced immune responses, and importantly, to our knowledge, has determined the first phenotypic correlates of immune protection in scrub typhus. We conclude that this model is suitable for detailed investigations into vaccine-induced immune responses and correlates of immunity for scrub typhus.
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Karnataka, India
Authors: Patil Neelkant , Chaurasia Vishwajit Rampratap , Babaji Prashant , Ramesh Dnsv , Jhamb Kshitij , Sharma Akanksha Manmohan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a highly lethal, progressively epidemic viral infection characterized by profound impairment of the immune system. Oral manifestations are common in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected AIDS patients, and are usually the first indicator of symptom and disease progression. The main objective of the current study was to compare the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) with those, not on HAART therapies. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 patients diagnosed as human immune virus sero-positive. These patients were divided equally into two groups (50 each); Group I patients on HAART and Group II patients who were not on HAART. Information regarding age, sex and cluster of differentiation 4 cell count was obtained from the medical records. Oral examination was done, and findings were recorded by using internationally accepted presumptive clinical criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square statistical test. Results: The presence of oral manifestations was significantly decreased in subjects on HAART (32%) compared to those who are not on HAART (56%). The most common oral lesions detected in patients on HAART were increased oral hyper-pigmentation (14%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (8%), non-specific ulcerations (4%), pseudo-membranous candidiasis (2%), periodontitis (2%) and xerostomia (2%), whereas in non HAART oral hyperpigmentation (10%), pseudo-membranous candidiasis (8%), angular cheilitis (4%), and erythematous candidiasis (4%) and Periodontitis (14%) were more prevalent. Conclusion: The number and severity of oral manifestation decreased, and even there was a change in the type of oral manifestations on HAART, which may be because of the improvement in immunity gained by the therapy.
Histological evaluation of the cleaning effectiveness of two reciprocating single-file systems in severely curved root canals: Reciproc versus WaveOne
Authors: Carvalho Maira de Souza , Sponchiado Emílio Carlos , Garrido Angela Delfina Bitencourt , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti , Marques André Augusto Franco 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning effectiveness achieved with two reciprocating single-file systems in severely curved root canals: Reciproc and WaveOne. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly separated into two groups, according to the instrumentation system used. The negative control group consisted of five specimens that were not instrumented. The mesial canals (buccal and lingual) in Reciproc Group were instrumented with file R25 and the WaveOne group with the Primary file. The samples were submitted to histological processing and analyzed under a digital microscope. Results: The WaveOne group presented a larger amount of debris than the Reciproc Group, however, without statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). A larger amount of debris in the control group was observed, with statistically significant difference to Reciproc and WaveOne groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The two reciprocating single-file instrumentation systems presented similar effectiveness for root canal cleaning.
Bacterial microleakage of aged adhesive restorations
Authors: Cobanoglu Nevin , Kara Emine , Unlu Nimet , Ozer Fusun 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal bacterial leakage of two self-etch adhesive systems after long-term water storage. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted premolar teeth. After the sterilization of the teeth, four cavities were not restored for control purposes, whereas the other teeth were divided into two groups (n = 16 cavities each): Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE). After the application of the bonding agent, cavities were restored with a composite resin. Then, the teeth were thermo cycled, stored in saline solution for 6 months and put into a broth culture of Streptococcus mutans. The teeth were fixed, sectioned and stained using the Gram-Colour modified method. The stained sections were then evaluated under a light microscope. The bacterial leakage was scored as: 0 - absence of stained bacteria, 1 - bacterial staining along the cavity walls, 2 - bacterial staining within the cut dentinal tubules. The data were analysed using the Kruskal—Wallis and Mann—Whitney U-test (P = 0.05). Results: The bacterial staining was detected within the cut dentinal tubules in all control cavities, in three cavities in the CSE group and one cavity in the CPB group. There were no observed statistically significant differences between the bacterial penetrations of the two bonding systems (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Both bonding systems provided acceptable prevention of marginal bacterial leakage after long-term water storage.
Computational Modeling of Passive Furrowed Channel Micromixers for Lab-on-a-chip Applications
Authors: Nason Francesca , Pennati Giancarlo , Dubini Gabriele 
Published: January 2015

Background Effective micromixers represent essential components for micro total analysis systems or lab-on-a-chip. Indeed, mixing is a key process for the success of all chemical or biochemical reactions. Most microfluidic systems operate in a laminar flow regime dominated by molecular diffusion, which is not favorable to mixing. In the present work, numerical analyses of mixing in 3-dimensional channels with obstacles on the walls were performed to investigate mixing behavior and flow characteristics with geometric parameters as well as Reynolds number. Methods Several channel wall geometries were numerically modeled, and the influence of obstacle height, phase shift between the walls, channel cross-section shape (aspect ratio) and Reynolds number on mixer performances was investigated. Wall geometries were evaluated comparatively in terms of index of mixing and pressure drops caused. Results Results indicated that furrowed channels with proper triangle-shaped obstacles show good performances in terms of achieving complete mixing in a very short length of channel, and at the same time offer low pressure losses. Convective motions are the main influences responsible for successful mixing, and micromixers with triangle-shaped obstacles show an improvement in the mixing performances for increasing Reynolds numbers. Moreover, short times are required for the mixing process. Finally, depending on the Reynolds number that one works at, there is also some flexibility in the choice of the channel geometry, as the occurrence of effective chaotic advection was obtained for several conformations of the channels proposed in this study. Conclusions Mixing enhancement can be achieved by optimizing the shape of the furrowed channel.
Potential Role of Soluble CD40 Ligand as Inflammatory Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Dymicka-Piekarska Violetta , Korniluk Aleksandra , Gryko Mariusz , Siergiejko Elzbieta , Kemona Halina 
Published: January 2015

Platelet activation observed in cancer patients is associated with the release of various cytokines, including P-selectin and CD40 ligand (CD40L). We analyzed the plasma levels of sCD40L in association with adhesion molecules (sP-selectin and sVCAM-1) to check the hypothesis of a possible involvement in cancer progression. Blood samples were obtained from 59 patients with different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 29 age and gender-matched control subjects. Plasma sCD40L, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1 concentrations were measured with quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay. All patients with CRC had significantly higher levels of sCD40L (p<0.001), sP-selectin (p<0.02), and sVCAM-1 (p<0.03), as compared to healthy subjects. The level of sCD40L significantly correlated with sP-selectin (p<0.05) in patients with distant metastases to the liver. We also observed a high negative correlation between sP-selectin and platelets count (p<0.02) in patients with lymph node metastasis. The receiver-operator curve for CRC patients indicated that the area under the curve for sCD40L was 0.915, which may indicate its high efficiency as an inflammatory marker. In our study, the sCD40L correlated with sP-selectin in patients with advanced stage of CRC, which might indicate its possible participation in metastasis formation.