bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE FLUORAMMONIUM TECHNOLOGY OF DISCLOSURE OF ILMENITE WITH OBTAINING THE REQUIRED MATEALS FOR INDUSTRY AND MEDICINE
Authors: Shevchenko V. , Bazhenov E. , Omelchenko O. , Shaleva N. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Evaluation of the advantages of the innovative direction of obtaining the sought-after titanium and silicon oxides using the technology of hydrofluorination of ilmenite concentrates
Research methods. Evaluation of the quality of laboratory samples – products of hydrofluorination of ilmenite with regard to the possibility of integrating the obtained materials into existing production schemes for the production of current titanium and silicon products, as well as in providing raw materials for promising technological processes. Chemical analysis was carried out by the method of atomic spectral analysis. In the laboratory studies, the raw material component was used – ilmenite concentrate from the Malyshev deposit (Vilnohirsky MMC, Ukraine). A fluorine-containing complexing agent – ammonium fluoride (NH4F) was used as a reagent. Laboratory studies of the decomposition of ilmenite in an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride at temperatures not exceeding 200 °C were performed.
Obtained results. Determination of the temperature range and conditions for conducting the ilmenite decomposition process ensures its high productivity and obtaining products that are intermediate and the composition of which determines the content of the subsequent processes of obtaining the target products. Implementation of decomposition of ilmenite using reactions in the solid phase provides a high potential for environmental safety of the technology.
Scientific novelty. The obtained data can be used to justify a workable version of the energy-saving technological process of decomposition of ilmenite concentrate. Based on the obtained chemical analyzes of the decomposition products by hydrofluorination of ilmenite, the compliance of the obtained products with the requirements for the starting materials of a number of areas of their use in metallurgy and medicine was established. The possibilities of integration of the obtained materials into the existing production schemes of titanium and silicon products, as well as in providing the raw material needs of promising technological processes are shown.
Practical value. The indicators of the purity of the obtained products confirm the prospects of the researched integration of the considered technology into the existing production schemes for obtaining products containing titanium and silicon.
Double-Difference Tomography with a Deep Learning–Based Phase Arrival Weighting Scheme and Its Application to the Anninghe–Xiaojiang Fault Zone
Authors: Yang Ting , Fang Lihua , Wu Jianping , Monna Stephen , Xu Weimin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-precision seismic phase arrivals are a prerequisite for building reliable velocity models with travel-time tomography. There has recently been a growing use of seismic phase arrival data obtained through deep learning techniques in travel-time tomography research. Nevertheless, a significant challenge that has emerged pertains to the assessment of the quality of these automatic arrivals. In this article, we used PhaseNet, a deep learning method, to automatically detect the arrival times of the P wave and S wave of 3086 seismic events recorded by dense seismic arrays, obtaining 87,553 high-quality arrivals. To evaluate the quality of the arrival times subsequently used for travel-time tomography inversion, we applied a weighting scheme that includes both detection probability value and signal-to-noise ratio. This new weighting scheme can effectively reduce the overall travel-time residual by 7%. The weighted data were then used in the double-difference tomography method to invert for the crustal velocity structure of the Anninghe–Xiaojiang fault zone. The resulting new model exhibits a lateral resolution of up to 0.25° and reveals velocity anomalies that exhibit a strong correlation with major geological features and block boundaries. Notably, the presence of low-VP and low-VS in the middle crust of the Ludian–Qiaojia seismic zone suggests the existence of hot and weak felsic rocks, as well as possible fluid presence beneath the seismogenic layer of this area. This study not only validates the practicality of using deep learning-based phase picking arrivals in travel-time tomography but also proposes a new weighting scheme to refine the tomographic velocity models.
Seis-PnSn: A Global Million-Scale Benchmark Data Set of Pn and Sn Seismic Phases for Deep Learning
Authors: Kong Hua , Xiao Zhuowei , Lü Yan , Li Juan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The seismic phases Pn and Sn play a crucial role in investigating the velocity and anisotropic characteristics of the uppermost mantle. However, manually annotating these phases can be time-intensive and prone to subjective interpretation. Consequently, the use of travel-time data for these seismic phases remains limited. Despite the potential of deep learning to address this challenge, the scarcity of extensive training data sets for Pn and Sn presents significant constraints. To address this challenge, our research compiled a global million-scale benchmark data set of Pn and Sn seismic phases, namely Seis–PnSn. The data set is derived from earthquake events with epicenter distances ranging from 1.8° to 18°. The high-quality travel-time data used in this study are all from the International Seismological Centre and span the period 2000 to 2019. The waveform data were sourced from data centers located in different regions of the world under the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. By leveraging the unique attributes of this data set, we trained baseline models and explored the prevailing challenges in deep-learning-based Pn and Sn phase picking as the scope transitions from local to regional epicenter distances. Our results show that the performance of the model is considerably enhanced after training on the proposed data set. Our study is a significant complement to the data foundation for future data-driven Pn and Sn seismic phase-picking studies, which will contribute to enhancing our understanding of the uppermost mantle structure of Earth, for example, the seismic velocity, anisotropy, and attenuation characteristics.
A ESCRITA DE DIÁRIOS DE AULA: DESVELANDO REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA NO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM QUÍMICA
Authors: Gomes Santos Bianca , Jatobá Palmieri Luciane 
Published: July 2024

A prática pedagógica desempenha um papel fundamental na formação educacional dos(as) estudantes de cursos de Licenciatura. Nessa fase inicial, é importante que os(as) docentes em formação sejam incentivados e estimulados a refletirem sobre suas práticas docentes. Alguns instrumentos podem ser utilizados para promover a reflexão na formação de professores(as), como a escrita de diários reflexivos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as reflexões pautadas por licenciandos(as) em seus diários de aula com relação a importância do planejamento didático-pedagógico e sobre suas experiências formativas no campo do estágio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo documental. Os documentos analisados são os sete diários de aula produzidos por licenciandos(as) em Química no contexto do estágio curricular supervisionado. A partir das análises dos diários observou-se que os(as) licenciandos(as) destacam a experiência formativa do estágio como fundamental, possibilitando vivenciar a realidade de ser professor(a) e os desafios encontrados. Além disso, evidenciam também, pela experiência vivenciada, que o planejamento não ocorre efetivamente, mas sim uma adesão a uma estrutura pré-estabelecida, influenciada por diversos fatores. Por fim, defende-se que para promover concretamente a qualidade do ensino público e aprimorar a formação docente, torna-se imprescindível que as políticas públicas estejam realmente direcionadas a esses objetivos.
Acquired Ptosis in Patient with Suspect Meningiomatosis
Authors: Fahmi Moch. , Widhianingsih Nella Lusti 
Published: July 2024

Background: Ptosis is abnormally low positioned upper eyelid. It can be classified as congenital and acquired. Meningiomas are mostly benign tumors originating from meningothelial (arachnoid) cells (MECs). A subset of meningioma patients bears two or more spatially separated synchronous or metachronous tumors termed “Multiple Meningiomas” (MM) or meningiomatosis.
Case: A 51-year-old female complained the dizziness was associated with nausea and emetic episodes. She reported any blurred vision and woke up with the dropped eyelid. Prior to this she had double vision and light headedness that she had 3 months before. The ophthalmic examination presented partial left ptosis and the patient's left eye was shifted towards the lateral edge at rest. CT scan with contrast presented multiple solid masses, extra axial, homogeneous, strong contrast enhancement with calvaria hyperostosis and perifocal edema in the left frontal region and left temporoparietal region.
Discussion: Ptosis in the left eye and exotropia is consistent with a left oculomotor nerve palsy. CT scan with contrast confirmed multiple solid masses leaning towards meningiomatosis. In this case, patient-acquired ptosis could be caused by direct oculomotor compression of the frontal lobe tumor, the tumor site being close to the superior orbital fissure.
Conclusion: Stemming from third cranial nerve dysfunction, multiple solid masses in the left frontal region indicate meningiomatosis. Acquired ptosis may result from direct compression of the oculomotor nerve by the frontal lobe tumor. While surgery is the primary treatment for meningiomas, corticosteroids may be considered in acute conditions to alleviate perifocal edema.
Soil quality index in some cropping systems in plot 17 of Wanagama forest, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mustofa Arif , Utami Sri Nuryani Hidayah , Purwanto Benito Heru 
Published: July 2024

<p><span>The Wanagama 1 Forest, owned by Universitas Gadjah Mada in Playen, is an educational and research forest that is home to different species of trees that are managed and treated differently. Finding the quality index values for different cropping strategies in plot 17 of Wanagama Educational Forest 1 was the aim of this study. The soil quality index was determined using three methods: simple addition, scoring and weighting, and summation. The results show that in plot 17 of the Wanagama forest, the highest soil quality index values were found for ebony species and the lowest soil quality index values were found for mahogany and </span><em><span>Eucalyptus</span></em><span> species. The results showed that all land uses with different types of forest plants had lower soil quality indices. The stepwise analysis results showed that porosity, organic C, cation exchange capacity (CEC), P availability, K availability, and C biomass influenced the soil quality index. Measuring soil quality can help you learn more about soil properties and how to improve it through effective management.</span></p>
Nutrient status and soil fertility index as a basis for sustainable rice field management in Madiun Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Suntoro Suntoro , Herdiansyah Ganjar , Mujiyo Mujiyo 
Published: July 2024

<p>Agricultural development, specifically for crops, contributes significantly to national development. However, problems with water and low soil fertility are obstacles to this development. This study evaluated the nutritional status and soil fertility index as the basis for determining the direction of rice field management in Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research method was conducted by surveying the soil characteristics followed by laboratory analysis. Soil samples were collected using stratified proportional sampling from 19 land units with 31 samples. The soil fertility index was determined using a principal component analysis test and calculated by dividing the weights by the minimum soil fertility index indicators. The study results show that the nutritional status of total N in the study area is low to high (0.13%–0.59%) and total P is very low to very high (12.18–73.66 ppm), whereas the status of exchangeable K is very low to very high (0.01–0.67 cmol.kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), Cation Exchange Capacity is low to high (12.8–36.0 cmol.kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>), and organic carbon is low to very high (1.98%–6.54%). The soil fertility index ranges from medium to extremely high. The influential indicators are total P, total N, exchangeable K, and organic carbon. It is recommended that the rice field management system implement a “sustainable agricultural intensification” system that combines the two systems “intensification” and “sustainable agroecosystem.” This system still uses proportional inorganic and organic fertilizers (manure, compost, and agricultural waste).</p>
Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) in Severe Lower Extremity Trauma
Authors: Carlini Anthony R. , Agel Julie , Bosse Michael J. , Frey Katherine P. , Staguhn Elena D. , Vallier Heather A. , Obremskey William , Swiontkowski Marc F. , Cannada Lisa K. , Tornetta Paul , MacKenzie Ellen J. , O’Toole Robert V. , Reider Lisa , Allen Lauren E. , Collins Susan C. , Castillo Renan C. ,   METRC (Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium)
Published: July 2024

Background:
The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) is a well validated, widely used patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure for orthopaedic patients. Despite its widespread use and acceptance, this measure does not have an agreed upon minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The purpose of the present study was to create distributional MCIDs with use of a large cohort of research participants with severe lower extremity fractures.

Methods:
Three distributional approaches were used to calculate MCIDs for the Dysfunction and Bother Indices of the SMFA as well as all its domains: (1) half of the standard deviation (one-half SD), (2) twice the standard error of measurement (2SEM), and (3) minimal detectable change (MDC). In addition to evaluating by patient characteristics and the timing of assessment, we reviewed these calculations across several injury groups likely to affect functional outcomes.

Results:
A total of 4,298 SMFA assessments were collected from 3,185 patients who had undergone surgical treatment of traumatic injuries of the lower extremity at 60 Level-I trauma centers across 7 multicenter, prospective clinical studies. Depending on the statistical approach used, the MCID associated with the overall sample ranged from 7.7 to 10.7 for the SMFA Dysfunction Index and from 11.0 to 16.8 for the SMFA Bother Index. For the Dysfunction Index, the variability across the scores was small (<5%) within the sex and age subgroups but was modest (12% to 18%) across subgroups related to assessment timing.

Conclusions:
A defensible MCID can be found between 7 and 11 points for the Dysfunction Index and between 11 and 17 points for the Bother Index. The precise choice of MCID may depend on the preferred statistical approach and the population under study. While differences exist between MCID values based on the calculation method, values were consistent across the categories of the various subgroups presented.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Occurrence of nematodes, Equinurbia sipunculiformis and Quilonia renniei in a wild male elephant: A case report
Authors: Sundar Bino , Sundar Bino , Ramanujadas Thirunagari , Kumar K. Rajesh , Bansilal Nishanth , Selvarayar Arunkumar , Sangaran A. , Latha Bhaskaran Ravi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The occurrence of the nematodes, Equinurbia sipunculiformis and Quilonia renniei in the intestinal tract of a six-year-old, free ranging male elephant (Elephas maximus) observed during necropsy is reported. The worms were collected in 10% formalin and processed. E. sipunculiformis worms were stout, males were shorter than females. A total of 65 worms were recovered out of which 45 were male worms and 20 were female worms. They had a characteristic head with a cuticular prominence and a sub globular cup shaped buccal capsule without teeth. The external leaf crown was characteristic projecting above the anterior end of the worm. The oesophagus was enlarged immediately behind the buccal capsule, then cylindrical, and gradually enlarged. Male worms had a well-developed bursa at the posterior end with equal, alate and ornamentated spicules with elongated lateral bursal lobes. Female worms had a tapered tail with a conical prominence and a vulval opening at its summit. Uterus was filled with thin shelled eggs. Q. renniei male worms were shorter in length than female worms. A total of 150 worms were recovered out of which 110 were male worms and 40 were female worms. Cuticular striations were observed. Mouth collar and buccal capsule were present. The external leaf crown projected beyond the surface of the head. Male worms had a well-developed bursa and spicules. The dorsal ray of the bursa was comparatively short. The lateral and ventral rays were slender. Female worms had a pointed tail. The vulva was situated at a distance from the tip of the tail. Uterus was filled with oval thin shelled eggs. Pathological findings included pale mucous membrane, anaemia and haemorrhagic enteritis. The present observations on the occurrence of nematode infection with E. sipunculiformis and Q. renniei will be important to map the status of nematodiasis in elephants in wild and to frame strategies for control of intestinal nematodiasis in wild elephants.
Numerical Simulation and Validation of Constructed Wetlands for Effluent Treatment in eastern China : An Evaluation of MIKE21 in Enhancing Water Purification Efficiency
Authors: Xiong Xing , Yang Shanrui , Zhang Junxiang , Chen Jiafan , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Qinghai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Constructed Wetlands for Effluent treatment (E-CW) play a vital role in the degradation of pollutants, purification of water, and the improvement of freshwater ecosystems. However, conventional designs often lack a methodical approach for quantifying the efficacy of these wetlands, as well as provide feedback on their operational efficiency. In this context, the use of hydrodynamic and water quality simulations facilitates the selection and arrangement of vegetation within these systems, thereby improving their efficiency. The present study utilized the MIKE21 Hydrodynamic (HD) module in conjunction with the ECO-Lab Water Quality (AD) module to perform a numerical simulation of the Yingtai Constructed Wetland for Effluent in Hai'an City. Accordingly, key parameters involved in effective water purification were calibrated and the system's ability to treat effluents from wastewater treatment facilities was assessed. The findings demonstrated significant removal efficiencies for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and ammonia (NH3-N), with average rates of 51.14%, 43.14%, 63.82%, and 54.38%, respectively. In addition, the simulations exhibited a high degree of accuracy, with hydrodynamic predictions deviating by less than 5% and water quality approximations by less than 15%. The quality of the treated water successfully met the standards set for Class IV surface water, in accordance with the relevant environmental regulations. Additionally, the constructed wetland system satisfactorily met the requirements for effluent purification. As observed, the use of numerical simulations can provide valuable guidelines for the future design and functional assessment of wetlands by offering crucial insights that aid in the optimization of purification processes and vegetation selection.
Response of Portulaca olearacea and its rhizospheric microbiome to the application of slumgum from beekeeping industry transformed with Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Carrascosa Angel , Pascual Jose Antonio , Cuartero Jessica , García-Romera Inmaculada , Silva-Castro Gloria Andrea , De Santiago Ana , Ros Margarita , Petropoulos Spyridon Alexandros , Alguacil Maria del Mar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the beekeeping industry, “slumgum” is generated as a solid organic waste during the beeswax-rendering process from old scraped honeycombs. This bio-waste could be considered as a novel organic fertilizer due to its high content in organic matter and nutrients. As a novelty in this study, we analysed the effect of application of solid and liquid slumgum transformed or not with Penicillium chrysogenum on purslane (Portulaca oleracea) yield and its relationship with soil rhizosphere. For this purpose, nutritional composition, enzymatic activities involved in the P, N and C cycles, fungal and bacterial community composition, diversity and potential functionality in the rhizosphere were measured. The application of solid and liquid slumgum transformed with P. chrysogenum (TS and TL, respectively) and slumgum liquid (L) significantly increased purslane shoot biomass and foliar P content, compared to the non-transformed solid slumgum (S). The different types of slumgum tested resulted in changes in the composition of both bacteria and fungi communities, resulting in distinct communities for each treatment. Moreover, changes in the functional fungal guilds were observed, with increased abundances of saprotrophs and reduced number of plant pathogens under the TS, TL, and L treatments. Solid slumgum transformed with P. chrysogenum (TS) was also the most effective in enhancing enzymatic activities related with C, N and P cycles in the rhizosphere. Conversely, the use of solid slumgum (S) led to an increase in the abundance of bacterial genes primarily associated with the denitrification process. Our preliminary results suggest that solid and liquid slumgum transformed with P. chrysogenum, as well as liquid non-transformed slumgum (TS, TL, and L, respectively), could be considered as novel organic fertilizers, amendments or additives within the circular economy context and the sustainable use of natural resources. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to validate the positive outcomes observed, particularly under field conditions and with a variety of species.
Self-assembled polyelectrolytes with ion-sieving accelerating channels for highly stable Zn-ion batteries
Authors: He Guanjie , Hu Xueying , Dong Haobo , Wang Tianlei , He Hongzhen , Gao Xuan , Dai Yuhang , Liu Yiyang , Gao Nan , Brett Dan , Parkin Ivan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their abundance, safety, and lower environmental impact. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and uncontrolled diffusion of Zn2+ and SO42- ions lead to the dendrite formation and side reactions, which hinder their practical application by forming a non-conductive layer on the Zn anode. This layer impedes the ion transport and electron flow, reducing the Coulombic efficiency (CE) for the Zn nucleation. Here, to simultaneously regulate the diffusion of H+, Zn2+, and SO42- in the electrolyte, an ion-sieving accelerating channel was constructed to unify the Zn deposition by introducing an eco-friendly layer-by-layer self-assembly of a flocculant poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and its tautomer poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The dual-ion channels, created by strong electrostatic interactions between carboxylate anions (COO⁻) and ammonia cations (NH₃⁺), promote the uniform Zn deposition along the (002) plane, exhibiting a CE of 99.8% after 1600 cycles in the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell. With the facile fabrication of the layer-by-layer self-assembled Zn anode, an Ah-level pouch cell (17.36 Ah) with a high mass loading (> 8 mg cm⁻²) demonstrated exceptional performance, retaining a capacity of 93.6% for at least 250 cycles at 1.7 C. This research offers a universal strategy for optimizing electrode mechanisms and advancing the manufacturing process of eco-friendly, high-performance aqueous batteries.