bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NF2-related schwannomatosis and other schwannomatosis: an updated genetic and epidemiological study
Authors: Forde Claire , Smith Miriam J , Burghel George J , Bowers Naomi , Roberts Nicola , Lavin Tim , Halliday Jane , King Andrew Thomas , Rutherford Scott , Pathmanaban Omar N , Lloyd Simon , Freeman Simon , Halliday Dorothy , Parry Allyson , Axon Patrick , Buttimore Juliette , Afridi Shazia , Obholzer Rupert , Laitt Roger , Thomas Owen , Stivaros Stavros Michael , Vassallo Grace , Evans D Gareth 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesNew diagnostic criteria for NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) were published in 2022. An updated UK prevalence was generated in accordance with these, with an emphasis on the rate of de novo NF2 (a 50% frequency is widely quoted in genetic counselling). The distribution of variant types among de novo and familial NF2 cases was also assessed.MethodsThe UK National NF2 database identifies patients meeting updated NF2 criteria from a highly ascertained population cared for by England’s specialised service. Diagnostic prevalence was assessed on 1 February 2023. Molecular analysis of blood and, where possible, tumour specimens forNF2, LZTR1andSMARCB1was performed.Results1084 living NF2 patients were identified on prevalence day (equivalent to 1 in 61 332). The proportion with NF2 inherited from an affected parent was only 23% in England. If people without a confirmed molecular diagnosis or bilateral vestibular schwannoma are excluded, the frequency of de novo NF2 remains high (72%). Of the identified de novo cases, almost half were mosaic. The most common variant type was nonsense variants, accounting for 173/697 (24.8%) of people with an established variant, but only 18/235 (7.7%) with an inheritedNF2pathogenic variant (p<0.0001). Missense variants had the highest proportion of familial association (56%). The prevalence ofLZTR1-related schwannomatosis andSMARCB1-related schwannomatosis was 1 in 527 000 and 1 in 1.1M, respectively, 8.4–18.4 times lower than NF2.ConclusionsThis work confirms a much higher rate of de novo NF2 than previously reported and highlights the benefits of maintaining patient databases for accurate counselling.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of aluminum heat exchanger based on Comsol Multiphysics
Authors: Liu Xinyan , Peng Wei , Jiang Yuanyuan , Miao Junjie , Deng Xiaolin , Huang Jiale 
Published: June 2024

Controlling the temperature of the air flow during printing can greatly improve the data measurement of air flow and the printing effect of selective laser melting equipment. In this study, an aluminum-welded heat exchanger was designed and manufactured combined with an engineering application example. The thermal performances of heat exchanger were carried out by experiment and numerical simulation in Comsol Multiphysics. Results show that the model has high accuracy (the relative error is less than 12% in most cases and the absolute error is less than 16 Pa below the flow rate of 350 m3/h), and the overall pipeline resistance loss is small. The temperature difference between outlet and inlet is always lower than 6.5 °C during actual working conditions, which meets the requirements for use. The research can provide good theoretical guidance for the design and application of aluminum heat exchangers.
New properties of elastic pp and $$p\bar{p}$$ scattering at high energies
Authors: Selyugin O. V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractData-driving determination of the new properties of elastic scattering at small angles on the basis on all existing experimental data for $$d\sigma /dt$$

d
σ
/
d
t

of pp and $$p\bar{p}$$

p

p

¯

at $$\sqrt{s} \ge 540$$

s

≥
540

GeV allows us to obtain the main characteristics of the nonstandard terms of the elastic scattering amplitude. The energy dependence of the oscillation term and the term with an extremely large slope is determined. It was shown that part of the oscillation term has a different sign for pp and $$p\bar{p}$$

p

p

¯

reactions; hence, it is part of the Odderon amplitude. The period of the oscillation term agrees with the scaling properties predicted by the Auberson–Kinoshita–Martin (AKM) theorem. The high quality quantitative description of all data at $$\sqrt{s} \ge 540$$

s

≥
540

GeV in the framework of the high energy general structure (HEGS) model supports such a phenomenon which can be connected with peripheral hadron interaction.
Adaptive Randomization Method to Prevent Extreme Instances of Group Size and Covariate Imbalance in Stroke Trials
Authors: Italiano Dominic , Campbell Bruce , Hill Michael D. , Johns Hannah T. , Churilov Leonid 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
A recent review of randomization methods used in large multicenter clinical trials within the National Institutes of Health Stroke Trials Network identified preservation of treatment allocation randomness, achievement of the desired group size balance between treatment groups, achievement of baseline covariate balance, and ease of implementation in practice as critical properties required for optimal randomization designs. Common-scale minimal sufficient balance (CS-MSB) adaptive randomization effectively controls for covariate imbalance between treatment groups while preserving allocation randomness but does not balance group sizes. This study extends the CS-MSB adaptive randomization method to achieve both group size and covariate balance while preserving allocation randomness in hyperacute stroke trials.

METHODS:
A full factorial in silico simulation study evaluated the performance of the proposed new CSSize-MSB adaptive randomization method in achieving group size balance, covariate balance, and allocation randomness compared with the original CS-MSB method. Data from 4 existing hyperacute stroke trials were used to investigate the performance of CSSize-MSB for a range of sample sizes and covariate numbers and types. A discrete-event simulation model created with AnyLogic was used to dynamically visualize the decision logic of the CSSize-MSB randomization process for communication with clinicians.

RESULTS:
The proposed new CSSize-MSB algorithm uniformly outperformed the CS-MSB algorithm in controlling for group size imbalance while maintaining comparable levels of covariate balance and allocation randomness in hyperacute stroke trials. This improvement was consistent across a distribution of simulated trials with varying levels of imbalance but was increasingly pronounced for trials with extreme cases of imbalance. The results were consistent across a range of trial data sets of different sizes and covariate numbers and types.

CONCLUSIONS:
The proposed adaptive CSSize-MSB algorithm successfully controls for group size imbalance in hyperacute stroke trials under various settings, and its logic can be readily explained to clinicians using dynamic visualization.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Posterior/Anterior Periventricular WMH Ratio to Differentiate CAA From Hypertensive Arteriopathy
Authors: Deasy Louise , Laurent-Chabalier Sabine , Wacongne Anne , Parvu Teodora , Mura Thibault , Thouvenot Eric , Renard Dimitri 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMHs) in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) have been reported posterior predominant using semiautomated segmentation method and logarithmic transformation. We aimed to compare PVWMH extent and posterior/anterior distribution between patients with CAA and patients with hypertensive arteriopathy with radiological tools available in daily practice.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed confluent PVWMH directly adjacent to lateral ventricles on axial FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) from 108 patients with CAA and 99 patients with hypertensive arteriopathy presenting with hemorrhage-related symptoms consecutively recruited in our stroke database (Nîmes University Hospital, France) between January 2015 and March 2022. For each of the left (L), right (R), anterior (A), and posterior (P) horns of lateral ventricles, the maximal distance between the outer PVWMH border and ventricle border was measured. The sum of anterior left PVWMH and anterior right PVWMH, and posterior left PVWMH and posterior right PVWMH resulted in anterior and posterior extent, respectively.

RESULTS:

Compared with hypertensive arteriopathy, patients with CAA were older (median, 77 versus 71;
P
=0.0010) and less frequently male (46% versus 64%;
P
=0.012) and had less frequent hypertension (45% versus 63%;
P
=0.013) and more chronic hemorrhages (
P
<0.0001). CAA showed slightly more extensive anterior right PVWMH (median, 6.50 versus 5.90 mm;
P
=0.034), far more extensive (all
P
<0.0001) posterior left PVWMH (median, 13.95 versus 6.95 mm), posterior right PVWMH (median, 14.15 versus 5.45 mm), posterior (median, 27.95 versus 13.00 mm), and total (median, 39.60 versus 24.65 mm) PVWMH, and higher posterior/anterior ratios (median, 1.82 versus 1.01). Age-/sex-adjusted model predicting CAA incorporating total PVWMH extent and posterior/anterior ratios for the given score (−4.3683+0.0268×PVWMH-T+0.3749×posterior/anterior PVWMH ratio+0.0394×age+0.3046 when female) showed highest area under the curve (0.76 [0.70–0.83]), with a 72% [62.50–80.99] sensitivity and 76% [67.18–84.12] specificity. Values above the optimal threshold of 0.22 for the score showed a crude relative risk of 2.75 (2.26–2.37;
P
<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Severe posterior PVWMH and high posterior/anterior PVWMH ratio assessed by radiological tools used in daily practice are associated with probable CAA versus hypertensive arteriopathy.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05486897.
Characterization and genetic analysis of extensively drug-resistant hospital acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
Authors: Abdelaziz Mai A. , El-Aziz Abeer M. Abd , El-Sokkary Mohamed M. A. , Barwa Rasha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence of hospital-acquired infections in extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) has been increasing worldwide and is frequently associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to characterize clinical XDR-PA isolates recovered during six months at three different hospitals in Egypt.

Results
Seventy hospital-acquired clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were classified into multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR), according to their antimicrobial resistance profile. In addition, the possession of genes associated with mobile genetic elements and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance determinants among isolates were detected using polymerase chain reaction. As a result, a significant percentage of the isolates (75.7%) were XDR, while 18.5% were MDR, however only 5.7% of the isolates were non-MDR. The phenotypic detection of carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes showed that 73.6% of XDR-PA isolates were carbapenemases producers, whereas 75.5% and 88.7% of XDR-PA isolates produced ESBLs and MBL respectively. In addition, PCR screening showed that oxa gene was the most frequently detected gene of carbapenemases (91.4%), while aac(6ʹ)-lb gene was mostly detected (84.3%) among the screened aminoglycosides-resistance genes. Furthermore, the molecular detection of the colistin resistance gene showed that 12.9% of isolates harbored mcr-1 gene. Concerning mobile genetic element markers (intI, traA, tnp513, and merA), intI was the highest detected gene as it was amplified in 67 isolates (95.7%). Finally, phylogenetic and molecular typing of the isolates via ERIC-PCR analysis revealed 10 different ERIC fingerprints.

Conclusion
The present study revealed a high prevalence of XDR-PA in hospital settings which were resistant to a variety of antibiotics due to several mechanisms. In addition, 98% of the XDR-PA clinical isolates contained at least one gene associated with movable genetic elements, which could have aided the evolution of these XDR-PA strains. To reduce spread of drug resistance, judicious use of antimicrobial agents and strict infection control measures are therefore essential.
Green synthesis of a dual-functional sulfur nanofertilizer to promote growth and enhance salt stress resilience in faba bean
Authors: Khalifa Asmaa M. , Safhi Fatmah A. , Elsherif Doaa E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Salinity is a major abiotic stress, and the use of saline water in the agricultural sector will incur greater demand under the current and future climate changing scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-functional nanofertilizer capable of releasing a micronutrient that nourishes plant growth while enhancing salt stress resilience in faba bean (Vicia faba L.).

Results
Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), which were applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l) to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants. The SNPs were characterized and found to be spherical in shape with an average size of 10.98 ± 2.91 nm. The results showed that salt stress had detrimental effects on the growth and photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm) of faba bean compared with control, while foliar spraying with SNPs improved these parameters under salinity stress. SNPs application also increased the levels of osmolytes (soluble sugars, amino acids, proline, and glycine betaine) and nonenzymatic antioxidants, while reducing the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and H2O2). Moreover, SNPs treatment under salinity stress stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes: chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1-like (Lhcb1), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain-like (RbcL), cell wall invertase I (CWINV1), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), with the greatest upregulation observed at 50 mg/l SNPs.

Conclusion
Overall, foliar application of sulfur nanofertilizers in agriculture could improve productivity while minimizing the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants. Therefore, this study provides a strong foundation for future research focused on evaluating the replacement of conventional sulfur-containing fertilizers with their nanoforms to reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress and enhance the productivity of faba beans.
Exogenous regulation of macronutrients promotes the accumulation of alkaloid yield in anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) pascher
Authors: Liu Na , Chen Chen , Wang Bo , Wang Xiaoyun , Zhang Dengshan , Zhou Guoying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher (A. tanguticus) is a valuable botanical for extracting tropane alkaloids, which are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Implementing appropriate cultivation methods can improve both the quality and yield of A. tanguticus. A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 using a single-factor randomized complete block design replicated three times. The study examined the effects of different nutrient levels (nitrogen: 0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375 kg/ha; phosphorus: 0, 600, 750, 900, 1050, 1200 kg/ha; potassium: 0, 75, 112.5, 150, 187.5, 225 kg/ha) on the growth, primary alkaloid contents, and alkaloid yield of A. tanguticus at different growth stages (S-Greening, S-Growing, S-Wilting; T-Greening, T-Growing, and T-Wilting) in both the roots and aboveground portions.

Results
Our results demonstrate that nutrient levels significantly affect the growth and alkaloid accumulation in A. tanguticus. High nitrogen levels (375 kg/ha) notably increased both root and aboveground biomass, while phosphorus had a minimal effect, especially on aboveground biomass. For alkaloid content (scopolamine, anisodamine, anisodine, atropine), a moderate nitrogen level (225 kg/ha) was most effective, followed by low potassium (75 kg/ha), with phosphorus showing a limited impact. Increased phosphorus levels led to a decrease in scopolamine content. During the T-Growing period, moderate nitrogen addition (225 kg/ha) yielded the highest alkaloid levels per unit area (205.79 kg/ha). In the T-Wilting period, low potassium (75 kg/ha) and low phosphorus (750 kg/ha) resulted in alkaloid levels of 146.91 kg/ha and 142.18 kg/ha, respectively. This indicates nitrogen has the most substantial effect on alkaloid accumulation, followed by potassium and phosphorus. The Douglas production function analysis suggests focusing on root biomass and the accumulation of scopolamine and atropine in roots to maximize alkaloid yield in A. tanguticus cultivation.

Conclusions
Our findings show that the optimum harvesting period for A. tanguticus is the T-Wilting period, and that the optimal nitrogen addition is 225 kg/ha, the optimal potassium addition is 75 kg/ha, and the optimal phosphorus addition is 600 kg/ha or less.
Dexmedetomidine ameliorates x-ray-induced myocardial injury via alleviating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Zhang Runze , Xie Kangjie , Lian Yanhong , Hong Shufang , Zhu Yuntian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy is a primary local treatment for tumors, yet it may lead to complications such as radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). Currently, there is no standardized approach for preventing RIHD. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is reported to have cardio-protection effects, while its role in radiation-induced myocardial injury is unknown. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of dexmedetomidine in X-ray radiation-treated mice.

Methods
18 male mice were randomized into 3 groups: control, 16 Gy, and 16 Gy + Dex. The 16 Gy group received a single dose of 16 Gy X-ray radiation. The 16 Gy + Dex group was pretreated with dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) 30 min before X-ray radiation. The control group was treated with saline and did not receive X-ray radiation. Myocardial tissues were collected 16 weeks after X-ray radiation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for histopathological examination. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining was performed to assess the state of apoptotic cells. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to examine the expression of CD34 molecule and von Willebrand factor. Besides, western blot assay was employed for the detection of apoptosis-related proteins (BCL2 apoptosis regulator and BCL2-associated X) as well as autophagy-related proteins (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, beclin 1, and sequestosome 1).

Results
The findings demonstrated that 16 Gy X-ray radiation resulted in significant changes in myocardial tissues, increased myocardial apoptosis, and activated autophagy. Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine significantly protects mice against 16 Gy X-ray radiation-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy.

Conclusion
In summary, our study confirmed the radioprotective effect of dexmedetomidine in mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy induced by 16 Gy X-ray radiation.
Exploring stress management strategies among emergency medical service providers in Iran: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Khazaei Afshin , Afshari Ali , Salimi Rasoul , Fattahi Abbas , Imani Behzad , Torabi Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency medical service providers are frequently exposed to a variety of stressors as a result of their work environment. These stressors can have detrimental effects on both the physical and mental well-being of individuals. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring stress management strategies in emergency medical service providers.MethodsThis study was conducted in 2023 using a qualitative approach and content analysis method. A purposive sampling method was used to include 16 emergency medical system providers from Hamadan city. Semi-structured interviews, with a duration of 45–60 min, were conducted for data collection. The Data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis approach.ResultsThe analysis of the interview data revealed three themes: readiness for the worst conditions, assistance based on supportive partnerships, and striving for balance. The six categories within these three themes were mental preparation, risk management, collaborations in emergency response, supportive communication, adaptive behaviors, and maladaptive responses.ConclusionsThe results of this study shed light on the various stress management strategies employed by emergency medical service providers. Understanding and implementing effective stress management strategies can not only enhance the well-being of emergency medical service providers but also improve the quality of patient care. Further research and action are essential to promote the resilience and mental health of these professionals, ensuring their overall well-being and job satisfaction.
Multi-level factors linked to young adult primary care transitions: evidence from a state all-payer claims analysis
Authors: Nowak Sarah A. , Reblin Maija , Fung Mark , Turley Chelsea , Threlkeld Kirsten 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
Delayed transitions from pediatric to adult primary care leads to gaps in medical care. State all-payer claims data was used to assess multilevel factors associated with timely transition from pediatric to adult primary care.

Materials and methods
We created a cohort of 4,320 patients aged 17–20 in 2014–2017 continuously enrolled in health insurance 36 months between 2014 and 2019 and attributed to a pediatric provider in months 1–12. We also constructed primary care provider networks identifying links between providers who saw members of the same family. Logistic regression was used to predict adult primary care in months 25–36 on family, provider, and county-level factors. Finally, we modeled the effect of county and network cluster membership on care transitions.

Results
Male sex, having another family member seeing a pediatrician, and residing in a county with high pediatric care capacity or low adult primary care capacity were associated with lower odds of adult primary care transition.

Discussion
We investigated factors associated with successful transitions from pediatric to adult primary care. Family ties to a pediatrician and robust county capacity to provide primary care to children were associated with non-transition to adult primary care.

Conclusion
Multiple level factors contribute to non-transition to adult primary care. Understanding the factors associated with appropriate transition can help inform state and national policy.