bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using machine learning to predict acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease in primary care cardiovascular patients
Authors: Salet N. , Gökdemir A. , Preijde J. , van Heck C. H. , Eijkenaar F. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Early recognition, which preferably happens in primary care, is the most important tool to combat cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) using Machine Learning (ML) in primary care cardiovascular patients. We compare the ML-models’ performance with that of the common SMART algorithm and discuss clinical implications.

Methods and results
Patient-level medical record data (n = 13,218) collected between 2011–2021 from 90 GP-practices were used to construct two random forest models (one for AMI and one for IHD) as well as a linear model based on the SMART risk prediction algorithm as a suitable comparator. The data contained patient-level predictors, including demographics, procedures, medications, biometrics, and diagnosis. Temporal cross-validation was used to assess performance. Furthermore, predictors that contributed most to the ML-models’ accuracy were identified.
The ML-model predicting AMI had an accuracy of 0.97, a sensitivity of 0.67, a specificity of 1.00 and a precision of 0.99. The AUC was 0.96 and the Brier score was 0.03. The IHD-model had similar performance. In both ML-models anticoagulants/antiplatelet use, systolic blood pressure, mean blood glucose, and eGFR contributed most to model accuracy. For both outcomes, the SMART algorithm was substantially outperformed by ML on all metrics.

Conclusion
Our findings underline the potential of using ML for CVD prediction purposes in primary care, although the interpretation of predictors can be difficult. Clinicians, patients, and researchers might benefit from transitioning to using ML-models in support of individualized predictions by primary care physicians and subsequent (secondary) prevention.
Transitional care programs for older adults moving from hospital to home in Canada: A systematic review of text and opinion
Authors: Barber Brittany V. , Gregg Emily E. , Drake Emily K. , Macdonald Marilyn , Hickey Madison , Flynn Chloe , Moody Elaine , Gallant Sarah M. , McConnell Erin , Weeks Lori E. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Investing in transitional care programs is critical for ensuring continuity of health and coordinated care for older adults transitioning across health settings. However, literature delineating the scope of transitional care programs across Canada is limited. The aim of this systematic review of text and opinion is to characterize Canadian transitional care programs for older adults transitioning from hospital to home.

Methods
Following JBI guidelines for systematic review of text and opinion, we conducted a search of Canadian grey literature sources published online between 2016 to 2023. A 3-phase search was undertaken for: 1) Canadian databases and organizational websites; 2) advanced Google search of national sources and news media reports; and 3) advanced Google search of provincial/territorial sources. Two reviewers independently screened sources for eligibility against inclusion criteria. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second. Textual data were extracted from multiple sources to characterize each transitional care program.

Results
Grey literature search produced a total of 17,092 text and opinion sources, identifying 119 transitional care programs in Canada. Model of care was a key characteristic defining the design and delivery of transitional care programs within community (n = 42), hospital (n = 45), and facility-based (n = 32) settings. Programs were characterized by goal, population and eligibility, setting and length of program, intervention and services, and healthcare team members. Patient, caregiver, and health system outcomes were reported for 18 programs. The province of Ontario has the most transitional care programs (n = 84) and reported outcomes, followed by British Columbia (n = 10).

Conclusions
Characterizing transitional care programs is important for informing health services planning and scaling up of transitional care program models across Canada. Recognizing transitional care programs as a core health service is critical to meet the health care needs of older adults at the right time and place.

Trial registration
PROSPERO ID 298821.
The value of nanopore sequencing as a diagnostic tool in tuberculous meningitis: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Yanqin , Ling Yuyang , Yu Guocan , Zhang Xiaoxia 
Published: July 2024

Background
Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains very difficult. Nanopore sequencing is gaining ground in the field of rapid tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. The purpose of this study was to complete a protocol to guide the conduct of a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the accuracy of nanopore sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of TBM.

Methods
In accordance with the Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines, we completed this protocol, which was also registered on the PROSPERO platform. We will search the EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for literature that evaluated the accuracy of nanopore sequencing for rapid diagnosis of TBM and screen them according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and qualified literature will be extracted with relevant data for further analysis. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) will be used for evaluating the methodological quality of included studies. Stata (V 15.0; Stata Corp., College Station, TX, the USA) with midas module will be used to perform relevant meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed by I2 statistics. When significant heterogeneity exists between studies, we will conduct meta-regression analyses, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses to further explore the sources of heterogeneity.

Conclusion
We completed this study protocol, and this systematic review and meta-analysis will be the first systematic evaluation of the role of nanopore sequencing in the rapid diagnosis of TBM, which will allow clinicians to have a better understanding of the test.

Trial registration
Systematic review registration PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42024549837.
Health system adaptations for extreme heat: Protocol for an international scoping review of reviews
Authors: Richmond John , Clowes Mark 
Published: July 2024

Objective
The objective of this study is to map the international evidence for extreme heat related adaptation strategies by health systems, with a particular focus on how heat-vulnerable populations and local situational awareness are considered in these strategies.

Introduction
Since the Paris Climate Accords in 2015, awareness has increased of the health risks posed by extreme heat along with interest in adaptations which aim to reduce heat-health-risks for vulnerable populations. However, the extant literature on these adaptations suggest they are insufficient, and call for research to examine whether, how, and what adaptations for extreme heat are effective as public health interventions.

Inclusion criteria
We will include English-language review articles describing and/or evaluating health system adaptations for extreme heat. Health systems will be defined broadly using the WHO Building Blocks model [1] and adaptations will range from the individual level to institutional, regional and national levels, with particular attention to localisation and the protection of vulnerable individuals.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of the published literature will be conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Searches will be limited to reviews published since 2015 in the English language. Results will be exported to EndNote for screening (with a sample checked by two reviewers to ensure consistency). A complementary search for related reports by major international agencies (e.g. WHO; International Association of Emergency Managers), as well as local searches for current guidance and case studies, will be conducted in parallel. Data from included papers will be presented in tables with a narrative commentary.
CONSISTÊNCIA DO REGISTRO DOS CASOS DE HANSENÍASE NO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO DE AGRAVOS DE NOTIFICAÇÃO EM MINAS GERAIS - PERÍODO: 2017 A 2021
Authors: Reis Gabriel Correia Saturnino , Lages Daniele dos Santos , Lana Francisco Carlos Félix 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Verificar a completude e a consistência das informações dos pacientes diagnosticados com hanseníase e registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Método: Estudo ecológico descritivo, quantitativo e de caráter transversal, conduzido em três etapas. A população do estudo foi composta pelos casos de hanseníase registrados no banco de dados do Sinan, durante o período de estudado (2017 a 2021). Os elementos extraídos de banco de dados secundários foram lançados em um banco de dados criado no software Microsoft Excel (versão 2016) para a construção da completude e consistência. Resultados: Foram notificados 6.568 casos de hanseníase em Minas Gerais, o percentual de completude apresentado foi de 91,4%. Já em relação a consistência, o percentual foi de 93,3%. Ao analisar as Unidades Regionais de Saúde, observou-se que Belo Horizonte apresentou o percentual “Precário” nos três níveis de atenção à saúde para as variáveis de completude e consistência, apontando possíveis fragilidades nos serviços de referência. Conclusão: Independentemente do nível de atenção à saúde, o estado e suas Unidades Regionais de Saúde, apresentaram percentual de completude e consistência heterogêneos, sendo o estado classificado como “Regular” e “Bom”, respectivamente, após aplicação do quartil de distribuição.
Produção de sinais-termos em Libras para conceitos acadêmicos
Authors: Albres Neiva de Aquino 
Published: July 2024

Considerando a relevância do vocabulário em uma língua para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem de áreas do conhecimento e a lacuna na literatura no que tange à comparação das pesquisas no cenário de produção nacional, o objetivo deste artigo foi mapear os artigos recentes sobre a produção de sinais-termos acadêmicos para a Libras e propor uma visão geral de pesquisa. Delineia-se como método uma revisão sistemática com 770 artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2024, selecionados 37, analisados a partir de sua intersecção com a educação, classificados segundo critérios institucionais, cronológico, e área de conhecimento. Nesse sentido, adotamos como palavras de busca estas três áreas: Libras e dicionário, Libras e glossário, Libras e lexicologia. Como resultado, constatou-se a predominância de artigos empíricos e de natureza qualitativa, além da necessidade de desenvolvimento conceitual para o tema. Há preferência pela aplicação de pesquisas terminológicas no campo das exatas, configurando lacuna de pesquisa do tema no que se refere ao campo das ciências humanas. As contribuições deste estudo residem na apresentação de frentes de pesquisa, cujo propósito maior é auxiliar o desenvolvimento teórico e empírico da lexicografia e terminologia da Libras.
Clinical utility of regions of homozygosity (ROH) identified in exome sequencing: when to pursue confirmatory uniparental disomy testing for imprinting disorders?
Authors: Huo Xiaoyan , Lu Xinyi , Lu Deyun , Liu Huili , Liu Yi , Zhao Qianfeng , Sun Yu , Dai Weiqian , Qiu Wenjuan , Yu Yongguo , Fan Yanjie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Regions of homozygosity (ROH) could implicate uniparental disomy (UPD) on specific chromosomes associated with imprinting disorders. Though the algorithms for ROH detection in exome sequencing (ES) have been developed, optimal reporting thresholds and when to pursue confirmatory UPD testing for imprinting disorders remain in ambiguity. This study used a data-driven approach to assess optimal reporting thresholds of ROH in clinical practice.

Methods
ROH analysis was performed using Automap in a retrospective cohort of 8,219 patients and a prospective cohort of 1,964 patients with ES data. Cases with ROH on imprinting-disorders related chromosomes were selected for additional methylation-specific confirmatory testing. The diagnostic yield, the ROH pattern of eventually diagnosed cases and optimal thresholds for confirmatory testing were analyzed.

Results
In the retrospective analysis, 15 true UPD cases of imprinting disorders were confirmed among 51 suspected cases by ROH detection. Pattern of ROH differed between confirmed UPD and non-UPD cases. Maximized yield and minimized false discovery rate of confirmatory UPD testing was achieved at the thresholds of >20 Mb or >25 % chromosomal coverage for interstitial ROH, and >5 Mb for terminal ROH. Current recommendation by ACMG was nearly optimal, though refined thresholds as proposed in this study could reduce the workload by 31 % without losing any true UPD diagnosis. Our refined thresholds remained optimal after independent evaluation in a prospective cohort.

Conclusions
ROH identified in ES could implicate the presence of clinically relevant UPD. This study recommended size and coverage thresholds for confirmatory UPD testing after ROH detection in ES, contributing to the development of evidence-based reporting guidelines.
Layouts and tips for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project
Authors: Khadom Anees A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA fundamental step in the education and scientific research processes is the final-year project for undergraduate students. In chemical engineering departments, the final year project has unique properties since it deals with the design and production of specific materials or chemicals. It represents a whole plant design. In the present work, a layout and tips are proposed for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project. Six chapters are suggested. Each chapter is given a main theme and subtitles in order to facilitate the writing process of the project. Chapter one represents an introduction to the importance of the material that was produced, material properties, production process, etc. In chapter two, material and energy balance calculations are addressed. Chapter three handled the equipment design. Cost and environmental assessments are discussed in Chapter four. The results of chapters two and three are compared with software outcomes, which can be collected in chapter five. Finally, the main results, conclusion, and recommendations for future work are proposed to be in Chapter six. Furthermore, tips and advice are addressed to assist students in the writing of a typical graduation project.
Adsorbent made with inexpensive, local resources
Authors: Obeid Ashraf Fakhri , Nile Basim Khalil , Al Juboury Maad F. , Ghanim Abdulnoor A. J. , Hassan Waqed H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An affordable local adsorbent was physically activated and modified to form a novel composite adsorbent. Similar processes were used to activate bentonite and limestone to create this low-cost local adsorbent. Furthermore, when compared to the inexpensive local resources, the innovative composite adsorbent showed improved adsorption capacity. Fouling brought on by sulphate-ion pollution is a significant problem in the wastewater treatment industry. In this work, a composite material known as Limestone and Bentonite composite, was developed, and its capacity to absorb sulphate ions from tainted wastewater was evaluated. Using the scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory, the chemical, elemental, and mineralogical properties, as well as the functional group interaction, of the limestone, bentonite, and LB composite were determined. The model wastewater initially included 900 mg/L of sulphate ions; however, the experiment showed that the new (LB) composite absorbed over 729 mg/L of sulphate ions. Its (LB) = 81% strong elimination effectiveness was observed. It was found that the ideal adsorption conditions were 250 rpm, 60 min, 900 mg/L, and 0.5 g/50 mL. Adsorption studies were carried out in batches. With a greater determination coefficient, the Freundlich model provides a more accurate prediction for adsorption processes, bolstering the theory that chemisorption is the actual adsorption process. These results demonstrate the novel composite adsorbent (LB)’s tremendous potential for sulphate ion absorption.
Enhancing fruit spirit quality: Novel approaches to mash acidification techniques
Authors: Fejzullahu F. , Kun-Farkas G. , Kun Sz. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of various mash acidification techniques in alcoholic fermentation for the production of apple spirit. Lachancea thermotolerans and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains were selected to conduct pre-fermentative acidification of the mash alongside a conventional chemical acidification approach. The results confirm that L. thermotolerans and L. plantarum possess acidifying potential and can serve as effective biotools for the protection of apple mash during fermentation. Through their outstanding lactic acid production (1.05–1.26 g L−1), they were able to reduce the pH of the mash by 0.29–0.40 pH units. Moreover, the sequential fermentation of these strains with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful strategy to modulate the aroma profile of apple spirits. Spirits were characterised by an enhanced ester profile with particularly increased ethyl lactate concentrations.
Critical review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Unanswered questions and future directions
Authors: Hood Alex P. , Corlett Chris E. , Alldredge Cameron T. , Elkins Gary R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that affects a sizable proportion of U.S. civilians, military personnel, and veterans. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Assisted Therapy (MDMA-AT) is a novel treatment approach for PTSD that has both stirred media enthusiasm and drawn criticism. This critical review analyzes individual randomized, controlled trials of MDMA-AT and provides a narrative synthesis.MethodsA library search and analysis of extant literature reviews was conducted to identify publications containing original research findings with inter-group statistical comparisons from randomized, controlled trials of MDMA-AT. Seven articles were identified. One pilot study was excluded due to a lack of inter-group comparison.ResultsTo date, six (four Phase II and two Phase III) randomized, controlled trials of MDMA-AT have been published which met criteria for inclusion in this review. Study design, sponsor, recruitment methods, and participant demographics are similar across trials.ConclusionsFive out of six reviewed studies provide evidence for the apparent safety and efficacy of MDMA-AT. However, the lack of suitable comparison condition, poor blinding, and rigid study design across trials make interpretation of results difficult. In addition, the high costs of MDMA-AT and lack of head-to-head comparisons with validated PTSD therapies cast doubt on its potential promise as a treatment. The role of the sponsoring organization behind all trials may further introduce bias into findings. Though research to date is encouraging, there is not yet sufficient evidence to suggest that MDMA-AT should be see widespread adoption over current, validated forms PTSD of treatment.
Futuro de la epidemiología en Colombia
Authors: Terris Milton 
Published: July 2024

Debo decir, que el conocimiento que tengo de la enseñanza de la epidemiología en Colombia es mínimo. Solamente lo que he podido captar en conversaciones sostenidas en estos días.En uno de mis artículos, hago una crítica del estado de la epidemiología en América Latina y llamo la atención sobre la falta de hacer explícitas las implicaciones que tienen los estudios epidemiológicos para la adminstración y la planeación de la salud pública. Para ser honestos, en los Estados Unidos tenemos los mismos problemas con los epidemiólogos.
El Instituto de Seguros Sociales y la reforma a la seguridad social en Colombia
Authors: López M. Cecilia 
Published: July 2024

Con relación al debate en torno a la reforma a la seguridad social en Colombia, que muy posiblemente se dará en el congreso de la República el segundo semestre de 1992, quiero aportar algunas ideas objetivas sobre el tema, que lamentablemente veo cada vez más confuso.
De la agresión básica a la violencia social
Authors: M. D. Alfredo de los Rios 
Published: July 2024

Inicialmente quisiera agradecer y felicitar al Servicio Seccional de Salud de Antioquia por esta historia de veinte años en la labor que ha realizado para la mejoría en el estado de salud del pueblo antioqueño.También y con dolor, quiero dedicarle mi intervención a la memoria de mis compañeros profesores: Héctor Abad Gómez, Leonardo Betancur y Pedro Luis Valencia, de la Universidad de Antioquia, víctimas de la violencia que nos acecha.
¿ Qué opinan diversos actores del sector salud frente a la reforma de la ley 100 de 1993?
Authors: Gutiérrez P Roberto , Yepes L Francisco José 
Published: July 2024

La reforma del sistema de salud implantada por la Ley 100 de 1993 provocó cambios profundos en todo el sector salud, a la vez que introdujo nuevos actores en el sistema. ¿Cómo perciben los diversos actores este cambio? ¿Cuáles son sus opiniones? Objetivo: presentar los hallazgos del componente cualitativo de un estudio mayor destinado a evaluar el impacto de los programas de ajuste macroeconómico sobre el sector salud en Colombia. Metodología: mediante un enfoque cualitativo, se configuraron seis grupos focales y se efectuaron diez entrevistas a informantes claves en dos regiones seleccionadas a propósito para maximizar las diferencias esperadas: una, de mayor desarrollo socioeconómico (valle del Aburrá con Medellín incluido) y otra, de mínimo desarrollo (litoral del Pacifico). Resultados y discusión: dado el tipo de estudio, no presentamos opiniones representativas de la población colombiana, ya que solo pretendemos exponer una gama amplia de opiniones y percepciones de diversos autores. Las percepciones dan cuenta de un cambio importante de caridad a derecho, aumento de recursos del sector y nuevos actores en juego, aumento del grado de institucionalización del sistema colombiano, un mayor trabajo intersectorial y una mayor gestión. También se perciben problemas como aumento de los costos administrativos y dificultades con los nuevos sistemas de información y facturación. Muchos arguyen que el sistema es demasiado complicado. Los resultados del cambio se perciben en forma diferente.