bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism revealed by felsic granulite xenoliths in southern Tibet
Authors: Sun Wen-Rui , Wang Rui , Zhong Xin , Glorie Stijn , Zhang Liang-Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Himalayan-Tibetan orogen experienced extensive thermal disturbance during the Indian-Asian collision, yet evidence for ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism (UHTM, &gt;900 °C) remains scant. We report a UHTM event in the Lhasa Block, identified from felsic granulite xenoliths in Sangsang near the Tangra Yum Co Rift (TYR) of southern Tibet. These xenoliths exhibit a mineral assemblage of garnet + rutile + quartz + K-feldspar + plagioclase ± kyanite. Elemental mapping indicates garnet underwent high-temperature chemical homogenization. Employing Raman elastic geothermobarometry, Ti-in-quartz, and Zr-in-rutile geothermometers, we deduced pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of 12–16 kbar and 870–975 °C, suggesting conditions were in the ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) range. The predicted P-T range is the most reliable estimation for Sangsang xenoliths to date, although the actual P-T conditions were likely higher due to viscous reset and chemical diffusion. An in situ garnet Lu-Hf date (ca. 26 ± 8 Ma) suggests that the UHT event occurred during the early Miocene, and in situ rutile U-Pb dates (ca. 12–11 Ma) indicate that the UHT conditions persisted until at least the timing of xenolith exhumation. Combined with the geological records in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, we suggest that the mantle upwelling contributed most to heating the Tibetan crust in the TYR and ultimately induced UHTM. Our study serves as an example of the UHTM formation mechanism within the active orogenic system.
Potential dopaminergic deficit in patients with geriatric psychiatric disorders as revealed by DAT-SPECT: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Takenoshita Shintaro , Terada Seishi , Kojima Katsuhide , Nishikawa Naoto , Miki Tomoko , Yokota Osamu , Fujiwara Masaki , Takaki Manabu 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIt has been reported that patients with geriatric psychiatric disorders include many cases of the prodromal stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal123I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) reveals a nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficit and is considered useful to detect dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease as well as progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. We aimed to determine the proportion of cases that are abnormal on DAT-SPECT in patients with geriatric psychiatric disorders and to identify their clinical profile.MethodsThe design is a cross-sectional study. Clinical findings of 61 inpatients aged 60 years or older who underwent DAT-SPECT and had been diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, but not neurodegenerative disease or dementia were analysed.Results36 of 61 (59%) had abnormal results on DAT-SPECT. 54 of 61 patients who had DAT-SPECT (89%) had undergone123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy (123I-MIBG scintigraphy); 12 of the 54 patients (22.2%) had abnormal findings on123I-MIBG scintigraphy. There were no cases that were normal on DAT-SPECT and abnormal on123I-MIBG scintigraphy. DAT-SPECT abnormalities were more frequent in patients with late-onset (55 years and older) psychiatric disorders (69.0%) and depressive disorder (75.7%), especially late-onset depressive disorder (79.3%).ConclusionPatients with geriatric psychiatric disorders include many cases showing abnormalities on DAT-SPECT. It is suggested that these cases are at high risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases characterised by a dopaminergic deficit. It is possible that patients with geriatric psychiatric disorders with abnormal findings on DAT-SPECT tend to show abnormalities on DAT-SPECT first rather than on123I-MIBG scintigraphy.
Economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and post-tuberculosis sequelae in low- and middle-income countries: a database compiled from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Yuling , Walker Alexandra , Batta Marguerite , Ottilie-Kovelman Sierra , Duchenko Anna , Brugger Curdin , Keiser Olivia , Wallis Robert S , Reither Klaus , Tediosi Fabrizio , Antillon Marina 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB) impose a substantial economic burden globally. This systematic review summarised the evidence on the costs of COPD, including post-TB diseases in low- and middle-income countries.MethodsA systematic review was conducted and studies published between 1 January 2013 and 28 March 2022 (the date of the search) were identified using various electronic databases without language restrictions. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened in duplicate and data were extracted and verified by reviewers. Eligible studies were categorised as cost analysis and/or economic burden studies, and costs were converted to 2021 United State dollar. Meta-analysis was conducted on the costs of hospitalisations, medication and outpatient visits.Results128 cost studies and 65 economic burden studies were included in this review. The data collected are presented in the Cost Database of COPD and Post-TB (CD-CPTB). The majority of studies were from Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, with a few from other middle-income countries. There were extremely limited data on the costs of post-TB sequelae and only a few studies were from Africa (n=6) and low-income (n=5) countries. The direct medical costs of COPD ranged from $26 per hospitalisation in India to $2694 per year per patient with severe disease in Mexico, while the costs of acute exacerbation of COPD ranged from $137 to $4207 per exacerbation with both the minimum and maximum costs occurring in Turkey. The costs were lower in lower middle-income countries compared with upper middle-income countries. Finally, considerable economic burden was attributable to smoking and air pollution.ConclusionThe review and the CD-CPTB database give a thorough snapshot of the current evidence of the costs and economic burden of COPD and post-TB diseases. Future research is needed to investigate the economic impact after TB treatment and should be prioritised in Africa and low-income countries where there has been a lack of data collection.Protocol registration numberCRD42022326609.
Assessing the long-term economic impact of wheezing episodes after severe RSV disease in children from Argentina: a cost of illness analysis
Authors: Dvorkin Julia , Pecenka Clint , Sosa Emiliano M , Sancilio Andrea , Dueñas Karina , Rodriguez Andrea , Rojas-Roque Carlos , Carruitero Patricia B , Baral Ranju , Vodicka Elisabeth , Polack Fernando P , Libster Romina , Caballero Mauricio T 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThere is lack of available data on the economic burden of wheezing episodes after severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. This study aimed to assess the cost incurred for wheezing episodes after a severe RSV infection in children from Argentina, considering both the public health system and societal perspectives.MethodsA prospective cohort was conducted from 2014 to 2022 to assess the cost of illness of wheezing episodes after severe RSV disease in children from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Direct medical and non-medical costs were estimated, along with indirect costs per episode and patient. Data pertaining to healthcare resource utilisation, indirect expenses and parental out-of-pocket costs were obtained. The overall cost per hospitalisation and health visits was calculated. Costs were quantified in US dollars using the average exchange rate on the specific date of data collection.ResultsA total of 256 infants experienced severe RSV disease during their first year of life and were followed over a 5-year period in Buenos Aires. Overall, 150 children between 12 and 60 months presented 429 wheezing episodes. The median number of wheezing episodes per patient was 5 (IQR 3–7). The mean cost per wheezing episode was US$191.01 (95% CI 166.37 to 215.64). The total cost per episode of wheezing was significantly higher (p<0.001) in infants under 12 months of age (207.43, 95% CI 154.3 to 260.6) compared with older toddler. The average cumulative cost associated to wheezing per patient was US$415.99 (95% CI 313.35 to 518.63). Considering both acute RSV disease and long-term wheezing outcomes, the cumulative mean cost per patient was US$959.56 (95% CI 832.01 to 1087.10).ConclusionsThis study reveals the economic impact of prolonged wheezing resulting from severe acute RSV infection on Argentina’s public health system and society. The estimates obtained serve as valuable inputs for informing cost-effectiveness analyses of upcoming RSV preventive interventions.
Perspectives on reasons why football and handball players sustain acute and severe knee injuries: a mixed-methods concept mapping study
Authors: Alkjær Tine , Bandak Elisabeth , Henriksen Marius , Christensen Robin , Thorborg Kristian , Zebis Mette K , Bencke Jesper , Holm Pætur M , Wæhrens Eva E 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe high incidence of knee injuries in football/handball challenges effective prevention. Identifying tangible and modifiable factors associated with a knee injury may innovate preventive actions. Engaging key stakeholders can reveal crucial insights that could improve knee injury prevention in football/handball.ObjectiveTo investigate football/handball stakeholders’ perspectives on reasons for acute and severe knee injuries to generate a conceptual model on important factors associated with knee injuries in football/handball.MethodsMixed-method participatory Group Concept Mapping was applied to collect statements from football/handball stakeholders (players/coaches/healthcare staff/researchers) on the question, ‘What may explain why some players sustain a knee injury?’. Participants rated the importance and feasibility of screening for each statement. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis produced a cluster map, forming the basis for developing a final conceptual model.ResultsStakeholders (n=37) generated and sorted 100 statements. Cluster analysis followed by cluster map validation yielded seven themes: (1) the player’s physical and motor skill profile, (2) preparation and training, (3) footwear and playing surface, (4) the sport’s impact on the risk of injury, (5) mental and physical fatigue, (6) history of injury and 7) genetics and context. A final conceptual model illustrating factors associated with knee injuries in football/handball was developed. Forty-six statements were identified as both important and feasible to screen for.ConclusionsStakeholders’ perspectives on knee injuries in football/handball revealed a complex interplay of factors. We developed a conceptual model fostering stakeholder dialogue for enhanced prevention. Key among its themes is ‘preparation and training’.
Being a patient in a crowded emergency department: a qualitative service evaluation
Authors: Craston Alex I P , Scott-Murfitt Harriet , Omar Mariam T , Abeyratne Ruw , Kirk Kate , Mackintosh Nicola , Roland Damian , van Oppen James David 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundEmergency department (ED) crowding causes increased mortality. Professionals working in crowded departments feel unable to provide high-quality care and are predisposed to burnout. Awareness of the impact on patients, however, is limited to metrics and surveys rather than understanding perspectives. This project investigated patients’ experiences and identified mitigating interventions.MethodsA qualitative service evaluation was undertaken in a large UK ED. Adults were recruited during periods of high occupancy or delayed transfers. Semi-structured interviews explored experience during these attendances. Participants shared potential mitigating interventions. Analysis was based on the interpretative phenomenological approach. Verbatim transcripts were read, checked for accuracy, re-read and discussed during interviewer debriefing. Reflections about positionality informed the interpretative process.ResultsSeven patients and three accompanying partners participated. They were aged 24–87 with characteristics representing the catchment population. Participants’ experiences were characterised by ‘loss of autonomy’, ‘unmet expectations’ and ‘vulnerability’. Potential mitigating interventions centred around information provision and better identification of existing ED facilities for personal needs.ConclusionParticipants attending a crowded ED experienced uncertainty, helplessness and discomfort. Recommendations included process and environmental orientation.
Association of breast milk-derived arachidonic acid-induced infant gut dysbiosis with the onset of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Jiang Suhua , Cai Mengyun , Li Dingru , Chen Xiangping , Chen Xiaoqian , Huang Qitao , Zhong Caimei , Zheng Xiufeng , Zhou Dan , Chen Zhiyan , Zhang Lin , Ching Jessica YL , Chen Ailing , Lu Shaoxia , Zhang Lifang , Hu Ling , Liao Yan , Li Ying , He Zhihua , Wu Jingjing , Huo Huiyi , Liang Yongqi , Li Wanwen , Zou Yanli , Luo Wei , Ng Siew C , Chan Francis KL , Chen Xia , Deng Yuhua 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe specific breast milk-derived metabolites that mediate host–microbiota interactions and contribute to the onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unknown and require further investigation.DesignWe enrolled 250 mother–infant pairs and collected 978 longitudinal faecal samples from infants from birth to 6 months of age, along with 243 maternal faecal samples for metagenomics. Concurrently, 239 corresponding breast milk samples were analysed for metabolomics. Animal and cellular experiments were conducted to validate the bioinformatics findings.ResultsThe clinical findings suggested that a decrease in daily breastfeeding duration was associated with a reduced incidence of AD. This observation inspired us to investigate the effects of breast milk-derived fatty acids. We found that high concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), but not eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid, induced gut dysbiosis in infants. Further investigation revealed that four specific bacteria degraded mannan into mannose, consequently enhancing the mannan-dependent biosynthesis of O-antigen and lipopolysaccharide. Correlation analysis confirmed that in infants with AD, the abundance ofEscherichia coliunder high AA concentrations was positively correlated with some microbial pathways (eg, ‘GDP-mannose-derived O-antigen and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis’). These findings are consistent with those of the animal studies. Additionally, AA, but not EPA, disrupted the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells, increased skin lesion area and enhanced the proportion of peripheral Th2 cells. It also promoted IgE secretion and the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in BALB/c mice fed AA following ovalbumin immunostimulation. Moreover, AA significantly increased IL-4 secretion in HaCaT cells costimulated with TNF-α and INF-γ.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that AA is intimately linked to the onset of AD via gut dysbiosis.
Prognostic value of plasma big endothelin-1 in patients with light chain cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Shi Anteng , Wang Zhiyan , Chen Yanjia , Lin Yahui , Su Mingming , Dong Hongbin , Laptseva Natallia , Hu Yuxiao , Flammer Andreas J , Duru Firat , Jin Wei , Chen Liang 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundLight chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) is associated with a high incidence of mortality. Big endothelin-1 (ET-1), the precursor of endothelial-vasoconstrictive ET-1, is closely related to the concentration of bioactive ET-1. Association between big ET-1 and prognosis of AL-CA has not yet been documented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of big ET-1 for poor outcomes in moderate to severe AL-CA.MethodsBig ET-1 levels were determined on admission in patients with newly diagnosed AL-CA with modified Mayo 2004 stage II or III. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes included death from cardiac cause and the composite of the primary outcome or hospitalisations due to worsening heart failure.ResultsOverall, 141 patients were retrospectively included (57 stage II, 34 stage IIIa, 50 stage IIIb). During a median follow-up time of 25.7 months, 84 (59.6%) patients died. Patients with big ET-1 levels of ≤0.88 pmol/L had longer survival than those with >0.88 pmol/L (median survival time: 34.1 months vs 15.3 months, log-rank p<0.001), which was also observed in the validation cohort (log-rank p=0.026). Higher big ET-1 levels were predictive for all-cause mortality after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.49, p=0.035). Big ET-1 levels added an incremental prognostic value over modified Mayo 2004 stage (C-index: from 0.671 to 0.696, p=0.025; integrated discrimination improvement 0.168, p=0.047).ConclusionsBig ET-1 is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in patients with moderate to severe AL-CA, which may indicate a possible role for risk stratification in patients with this disease.
Associations between circulating proteins and cardiometabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomisation studies
Authors: Wu Ting , Ke Yalei , Li Yingtao , Wu Zhiyu , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Sun Dianjianyi , Yao Pang , Kartsonaki Christiana , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Pang Yuanjie 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIntegration of large proteomics and genetic data in population-based studies can provide insights into discovery of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). We aimed to synthesise existing evidence on the observational and genetic associations between circulating proteins and CMD.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched until July 2023 for potentially relevant prospective observational and Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies investigating associations between circulating proteins and CMD, including coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and atherosclerosis. Two investigators independently extracted study characteristics using a standard form and pooled data using random effects models.Results50 observational, 25 MR and 10 studies performing both analyses were included, involving 26 414 160 non-overlapping participants. Meta-analysis of observational studies revealed 560 proteins associated with CMD, of which 133 proteins were associated with ≥2 CMDs (ie, pleiotropic). There were 245 potentially causal protein biomarkers identified in MR pooled results, involving 23 pleiotropic proteins. IL6RA and MMP12 were each causally associated with seven diseases. 22 protein-disease pairs showed directionally concordant associations in observational and MR pooled estimates. Addition of protein biomarkers to traditional clinical models modestly improved the accuracy of predicting incident CMD, with the highest improvement for heart failure (ΔC-index ~0.2). Of the 245 potentially causal proteins (291 protein-disease pairs), 3 pairs were validated by evidence of drug development from existing drug databases, 288 pairs lacked evidence of drug development and 66 proteins were drug targets approved for other indications.ConclusionsCombined analyses of observational and genetic studies revealed the potential causal role of several proteins in the aetiology of CMD. Novel protein biomarkers are promising targets for drug development and risk stratification.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022350327.
Cardiac magnetic resonance for ventricular arrhythmias: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Papanastasiou Christos A , Bazmpani Maria-Anna , Kampaktsis Polydoros N , Zegkos Thomas , Gossios Thomas , Parcharidou Despoina , Kokkinidis Damianos G , Tziatzios Ioannis , Economou Fotios I , Nikolaidou Chrysovalantou , Kamperidis Vasileios , Tsapas Apostolos , Ziakas Antonios , Efthimiadis Georgios , Karamitsos Theodoros D 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows comprehensive myocardial tissue characterisation, revealing areas of myocardial inflammation or fibrosis that may predispose to ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). With this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of structural heart disease (SHD) and decipher the prognostic implications of CMR in selected patients presenting with significant VAs.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies enrolling adult patients that underwent CMR for diagnostic or prognostic purposes in the setting of significant VAs. A random effects model meta-analysis of proportions was performed to estimate the prevalence of SHD. HRs were pooled together in order to evaluate the prognostic value of CMR.ResultsThe prevalence of SHD was reported in 18 studies. In all-comers with significant VAs, the pooled rate of SHD post-CMR evaluation was 39% (24% in the subgroup of premature ventricular contractions and/or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia vs 63% in the subgroup of more complex VAs). A change in diagnosis after use of CMR ranged from 21% to 66% with a pooled average of 35% (29%–41%). A non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy was the most frequently identified SHD (56%), followed by ischaemic heart disease (21%) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (5%). After pooling together data from six studies, we found that the presence of late gadolinium enhancement was associated with increased risk of major adverse outcomes in patients with significant VAs (pooled HR: 1.79; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.42).ConclusionCMR is a valuable tool in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with VAs. CMR should be considered early after initial evaluation in the diagnostic algorithm for VAs of unclear aetiology as this strategy may also define prognosis and improve risk stratification.
Development of physiologically relevant synthetic thrombus for use in visual analysis of in vitro mechanical thrombectomy device testing
Authors: Berns Holly , Robertson Sophia , Lewis Kailey , Wells Jesse , Clark Wyatt , Becker Timothy A 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIschemic stroke is a leading cause of death and significant long-term disability worldwide. Mechanical thrombectomy is emerging as a standard treatment for eligible patients. As clinical implementation of stent retrieval and aspiration thrombectomy increases, there is a need for physiologically relevant in vitro device efficacy testing. Critical to this testing is the development of standardized ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ synthetic blood clots that mimic the properties of human thrombi and are compatible with imaging technologies. Synthetic clots allow researchers to extract information regarding clot integration, model hemodynamics, and quantify the physics of thrombectomy.MethodsThis work develops polyacrylamide and alginate-based synthetic clots that are compatible with particle image velocimetry (PIV) and radiographic imaging techniques while maintaining mechanical properties of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ human clots. Dynamic mechanical analysis testing using an HR2-Rheometer demonstrates comparable mechanical properties to human clots previously tested by this research group and provided in existing literature.ResultsThe synthetic clots are formulated with either 0.5% w/v polyethylene microspheres for PIV visualization or 20% w/v barium sulfate for angiographic visualization, enabling real-time imaging of clot behavior during thrombectomy simulations. The soft formulation shows compressive and shear properties of ~12 kPa and 2–3 kPa, respectively. The hard clots are 3–4 times stiffer, with compressive and shear properties of 41–42 kPa and 8-9 kPa, respectively.ConclusionStandardized synthetic clots offer a platform for reproducible device testing. This provides a greater understanding of mechanical thrombectomy device efficacy, which may lead to quantifiable advances in device development and eventual improved clinical outcomes.