bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DE CONFLITOS DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE VIAS PÚBLICAS: CASO IRATI, PARANÁ
Authors: Mayer Cleverson Luis Dias , Oliveira Filho Paulo Costa , Bobrowski Rogério 
Published: April 2015

A arborização de vias públicas gera inúmeros benefícios à qualidade de vida da população urbana, mas se implantada de forma inadequada pode causar diversos transtornos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os conflitos da arborização de vias públicas em Irati, Paraná, por meio de técnicas de análise espacial. Para isso, foi empregado o software SPRING, imagens orbitais Quickbird de 61 cm de resolução espacial e arquivos vetoriais contendo o limite dos bairros do município, a rede de distribuição elétrica, instalações subterrâneas, equipamentos urbanos e localização das árvores, fornecidos pela Secretaria de Ecologia e Meio Ambiente do Município. Após a estruturação do modelo de dados, foi realizada a confrontação das estruturas urbanas e a localização dos indivíduos arbóreos quanto às distâncias de segurança na realidade observada, por meio de consultas ao banco de dados, aplicando-se o estimador de densidade Kernel aos resultados. Com uso da estatística Kernel, foram geradas imagens de densidade referentes aos resultados das consultas, permitindo uma melhor interpretação visual na distribuição espacial dos conflitos.Palavras-chave: Árvores de rua; estatística Kernel; geotecnologias; software livre. AbstractSpatial analysis of conflicts in street arborization: Irati case, Paraná. Street arborization promotes numerous benefits to urban population’s life quality, however, if it is implanted in an inadequate way, street arborization can cause many disorders. In this sense, this research aim to analyze conflicts in Irati’s urban forest, Paraná, by spatial analyses technique. In order to such analysis, we used SPRING software, Quickbird satellite’s images of 61 cm spatial resolution, vector files containing boundary of city neighborhoods, electrical energy transmission system, sewer system and water distribution system, urban equipments and trees location provided by the Secretariat of Ecology and Environment of the City. After structuring the data model, we conducted the confrontation of urban structures and location of individual trees concerning safety distances to the reality observed into to the database, and then applied the Kernel density estimator to the results of consultations. With use of Kernel statistic, we generated density images from results of the consultations, which enable better visual interpretation in the spatial distribution of the conflicts.Keywords: Roadside trees; kernel statistic; geotechnology; free software.
ALOCAÇÃO E MODELAGEM DA BIOMASSA EM Dendrocalamus asper
Authors: Mognon Francelo , Rodrigues Aurélio Lourenço , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , De Novaes Adalberto Brito , Blum Christopher Thomas 
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a biomassa seca total individual de plantas de bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Backer ex K. Heyne, visando conhecer a sua distribuição nos diferentes compartimentos, bem como avaliar modelos de biomassa em função de variáveis biométricas das plantas. Foram avaliados 20 indivíduos, coletados em Bauru, SP. As plantas amostradas foram medidas, abatidas e pesadas. A maior fração da biomassa foi observada na parte aérea, com 86%, sendo 64% para o compartimento colmo, 16% para os galhos e 6% para as folhas. Os rizomas representaram 14% da biomassa total. As variáveis biométricas (diâmetro à altura do peito – DAP, altura total – ht e diâmetro de colo – Dcolo) correlacionaram-se significativamente com as biomassas total e do colmo. O modelo que apresentou o melhor desempenho para a biomassa total teve como variável independente apenas o DAP, enquanto que para a biomassa dos colmos foi a variável combinada dap0,5*lndap. Os ajustes para os demais compartimentos não geraram resultados satisfatórios, em função da baixa correlação entre as variáveis biométricas e suas biomassas. Concluiu-se que é possível expressar a biomassa seca total e do colmo do bambu por meio de modelos alométricos, porém o mesmo não se aplica aos demais compartimentos.Palavras-chave: Bambu; fitomassa; modelos alométricos. AbstractAllocation and modeling of biomass of Dendrocalamus asper. The aim of this research was to quantify the total individual biomass of bamboo plants of the species Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Backer ex K. Heyne, in order to understand its distribution along different compartments, as well as evaluat biomass models according to biometric variables. Twenty individuals collected in Bauru, SP were evaluated. The plants were measured, cut and weighed. The aboveground biomass accounted for the major fraction, representing 86%. The stem compartment represented 64% of total biomass, followed by the branches, with 16% and leaves, with 6%. Rhizomes accounted for 14% of the total biomass. The biometric variables (diameter at breast height - dbh, total height – ht, and collar diameter - dcollar) were significantly correlated with total and stem biomass. The model that revealed best performance for total biomass had only dap as independent variable, for the stems biomass the combined variable was dap0,5*lndap. The adjustments for other compartments were not satisfactory due to low correlation between the biometric variables and their biomass. As conclusion, it is possible to express the total dry stem biomass and culm mass of bamboo using allometric models, however, the same does not apply to other compartments.Keywords: Bamboo; phytomass; allometric models.
Accuracy of LiDAR-based tree height estimation and crown recognition in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Ahmad Zawawi Azita , Shiba Masami , Jemali Noor Janatun Naim 
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: To present an approach for estimating tree heights, stand density and crown patches using LiDAR data in a subtropical broad-leaved forest.Area of study: The study was conducted within the Yambaru subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, Okinawa main island, Japan.Materials and methods: A digital canopy height model (CHM) was extracted from the LiDAR data for tree height estimation and a watershed segmentation method was applied for the individual crown delineation. Dominant tree canopy layers were estimated using multi-scale filtering and local maxima detection. The LiDAR estimation results were then compared to the ground inventory data and a high resolution orthophoto image for accuracy assessment. Main results: A Wilcoxon matched pair test suggests that LiDAR data is highly capable of estimating tree height in a subtropical forest (z = 4.0, p = 0.345), but has limitation to detect small understory trees and a single tree delineation. The results show that there is a statistically significant different type of crown detection from LiDAR data over forest inventory (z = 0, p = 0.043). We also found that LiDAR computation results underestimated the stand density and overestimated the crown size.Research highlights: Most studies involving crown detection and tree height estimation have focused on the analysis of plantations, boreal forests and temperate forests, and less was conducted on tropical and/or subtropical forests. Our study tested the capability of LiDAR as an effective application for analyzing a highly dense forest.Key words: Broad-leaved; inventory; LiDAR; subtropical; tree height.Abbreviations: DBH: Diameter at Breast Height, CHM: Canopy Height Model, DEM: Digital Elevation Model, DSM: Digital Surface Model, LiDAR: Light Detection and Ranging, YFA: Yambaru Forest Area.
Climate-influenced ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed masting trends in western Montana, USA
Authors: Keyes Christopher R , Manso González Rubén 
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to analyze 10-year records of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed production, in order to confirm synchronic seed production and to evaluate cyclical masting trends, masting depletion effect, and climate-masting relationships.Area of study: The study area was located in a P. ponderosa stand in the northern Rocky Mountains (western Montana, USA).Material and methods: The study was conducted in one stand that had been subjected to a silvicultural study of uneven-aged management techniques that was carried out in 1984, and which resulted in three separate units consisting of one control, one cut/no-burn treatment, and one cut/burn treatment. Seeds were collected during the 10 years following treatment in 15 traps systematically deployed within each of the stand’s three units. The total numbers of seeds collected in each unit were plotted over time to analyze crop synchrony, with Spearman rank correlation coefficient used to test for masting cycles and crop depletion after a mast year. Meteorological records over the period 1983-1994 were related to the occurrence of a mast event (defined as crops exceeding 50,000 viable seeds/ha).Main results: The seed production pattern was non-cyclical, synchronous, and independent of silvicultural treatment history. A mast-depletion effect was evident but was not statistically significant. Mast events seem to be promoted by the occurrence of optimum mean temperatures at the beginning of spring during both the first (11 °C) and second (9 °C) years of cone maturation. The probability of a mast year was also affected by summer temperature (number of late frost days; negative effect) and precipitation amount (positive effect). All these factors would seemingly explain the observed synchronous pattern in cone production.Research highlights: The non-cyclical trend of ponderosa pine seed mast years is influenced by specific climate determinants. Fluctuations in mean early spring temperatures, late frost and water availability are likely to affect P. ponderosa seed production, with implications for natural regeneration in this region.Key words: natural regeneration; seed periodicity; reproduction; uneven-aged management; Rocky Mountains.
Designing acorn protection for direct seeding of quercus species in high predation areas
Authors: Reque José A. , Martin Eduardo 
Published: April 2015

Aim of the study: a) To present the trial-and-error approach followed in the design and patent of a manufactured seed and seedling protector effective against mice and voles, rabbits, wild boar and deer (http://bopiweb.com/elemento/829172/). b) To assess the viability of direct oak seeding with and without protection in the complex acorn predation reality of post fire restoration and underplanting in existing pine afforestations.Study area: Northern Plateau of Spain, in an area of extreme acorn predation.Material and methods: We followed a classical trial-and-error approach for problem solving. Different modifications to a wire mesh screen cylinder were tested in subsequent trials aiming to evaluate the effects on acorn predation and early emerging plant survival and growth. The final protector is based on a thin wire mesh cylinder with three innovations: a truncated cone, a circular crown and a sphere compartment. Further we assessed the viability of direct oak seeding with and without protection in the complex acorn predation reality of post fire restoration and underplanting in existing pine afforestations.Main results: The manufactured seed protector was found to be effective against synergic attacks of mice, rodents, wild boars and herbivores. Survival of protected oak was 77% under canopies and 32% in open light conditions two years after sowing.Research highlights: Our results confirm the viability of direct oak seeding for woodland restoration if seed predation is controlled. Keywords: sowing; underplanting; trial-and-error; seed protector; afforestation; oak.
Input point distribution for regular stem form spline modeling
Authors: Kuželka Karel , Marušák Róbert 
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: To optimize an interpolation method and distribution of measured diameters to represent regular stem form of coniferous trees using a set of discrete points.Area of study: Central-Bohemian highlands, Czech Republic; a region that represents average stand conditions of production forests of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in central Europe.Material and methods: The accuracy of stem curves modeled using natural cubic splines from a set of measured diameters was evaluated for 85 closely measured stems of Norway spruce using five statistical indicators and compared to the accuracy of three additional models based on different spline types selected for their ability to represent stem curves. The optimal positions to measure diameters were identified using an aggregate objective function approach.Main results: The optimal positions of the input points vary depending on the properties of each spline type. If the optimal input points for each spline are used, then all spline types are able to give reasonable results with higher numbers of input points. The commonly used natural cubic spline was outperformed by other spline types. The lowest errors occur by interpolating the points using the Catmull-Rom spline, which gives accurate and unbiased volume estimates, even with only five input points.Research highlights: The study contributes to more accurate representation of stem form and therefore more accurate estimation of stem volume using data obtained from terrestrial imagery or other close-range remote sensing methods.Key words: spline; stem curve; taper model; diameter position; Norway spruce.
A PCR based method to detect Russula spp. in soil samples and Limodorum abortivum roots in Mediterranean environments
Authors: Larriba Eduardo , Belda Antonio , López-Llorca Luis Vicente 
Published: April 2015

Aim of study. Orchidaceae has the largest number of species of any family in the plant kingdom. This family is subject to a high risk of extinction in natural environments, such as natural parks and protected areas. Recent studies have shown the prevalence of many species of orchids to be linked to fungal soil diversity, due to their myco-heterotrophic behaviour. Plant communities determine fungal soil diversity, and both generate optimal conditions for orchid development.Area of study. The work was carried out in n the two most important natural parks in Alicante (Font Roja and Sierra Mariola), in South-eastern of Spain.Material and Methods. We designed a molecular tool to monitor the presence of Russula spp. in soil and orchids roots, combined with phytosociological methods. Main results. Using a PCR-based method, we detected the presence in the soil and Limodorum abortivum orchid roots of the mycorrhizal fungi Russula spp. The species with highest coverage was Quercus rotundifolia in areas where the orchid was present.Research highlights. We present a useful tool based on PCR to detect the presence of Russula spp. in a natural environment. These results are consistent with those obtained in different studies that linked the presence of the mycorrhizal fungi Russula spp. in roots of the species Limodorum and the interaction between these fungal species and Quercus ilex trees in Mediterranean forest environments.Key words: Detection; GIS; Russula spp.; Limodorum abortivum; PCR.
Sur l’indivisibilité de la justice sociale ou Pourquoi le mouvement féministe québécois ne peut faire l’économie d’une analyse intersectionnelle
Authors: Pagé Geneviève 
Published: April 2015

En partant du concept d’indivisibilité de la justice, cet article se penche sur la pertinence des théories de l’intersectionnalité des oppressions dans le contexte du féminisme québécois francophone pour démontrer 1) l’existence d’une protothéorie de l’intersectionnalité dans le féminisme radical des années 1970 au Québec et 2) que les féministes québécoises d’aujourd’hui sont bien placées pour proposer une synthèse entre l’approche intersectionnelle en provenance des États-Unis et le matérialisme français. Cette démonstration permettra au passage de récuser deux accusations fallacieuses au sujet de l’approche intersectionnelle, soit qu’elle est postmoderne et source de fragmentation du mouvement féministe.
L’intersectionnalité appliquée
Authors: Lacharité Berthe , Pasquier Anne 
Published: April 2015

Cet article est tiré de la présentation faite par Anne Pasquier (Table des groupes
de femmes de Montréal) et Berthe Lacharité (Relais-femmes) dans le cadre du 6e Congrès
international des recherches féministes francophones de Lausanne – Atelier 10 – Composer
avec la complexité des rapports sociaux dans la vie des femmes : conceptions, usages et
effets de l’intersectionnalité.
The dependence of the strength and thickness of field‐aligned currents on solar wind and ionospheric parameters
Authors: Johnson Jay R. , Wing Simon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSheared plasma flows at the low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL) correlate well with early afternoon auroral arcs and upward field‐aligned currents. We present a simple analytic model that relates solar wind and ionospheric parameters to the strength and thickness of field‐aligned currents (Λ) in a region of sheared velocity, such as the LLBL. We compare the predictions of the model with DMSP observations and find remarkably good scaling of the upward region 1 currents with solar wind and ionospheric parameters in region located at the boundary layer or open field lines at 1100–1700 magnetic local time. We demonstrate that and Λ ∼ L when Λ/L < 5 where L is the auroral electrostatic scale length. The sheared boundary layer thickness (Δm) is inferred to be around 3000 km, which appears to have weak dependence on Vsw. J∥ has dependencies on Δm, Σp, nsw, and Vsw. The analytic model provides a simple way to organize data and to infer boundary layer structures from ionospheric data.
Impact of new aircraft observations Mode‐S MRAR in a mesoscale NWP model
Authors: Strajnar B. , Žagar N. , Berre L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe impact of recently available high‐resolution Mode‐S Meteorological Routine Air Report (MRAR) wind and temperature observations is evaluated in the mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational (ALADIN). Data available from the airspace communicating with the Ljubljana Airport in Slovenia are assimilated by using the three‐dimensional variational assimilation procedure on top of all other observations assimilated operationally. A data selection method based on aircraft type was shown to be important for the first application of the new observations in ALADIN. The evaluation of Mode‐S MRAR impact included both winter and summer periods. In both seasons a clear improvement of wind and temperature forecasts was found for in the short forecast range, 1–3 h. The impact in the 24 h forecast range depends on season, with a consistent positive improvement of the boundary layer temperature forecasts obtained for the stable anticyclonic winter situations. In summer, the impact was mixed and it was found to be sensitive to the multivariate aspects of the moisture analysis. Overall presented results suggest that the new aircraft‐derived observations Mode‐S MRAR have a significant potential for mesoscale NWP and improved data assimilation modeling.
Validation of modeled daily erythemal exposure along tropical and subtropical shipping routes by ship‐based and satellite‐based measurements
Authors: Feister Uwe , Meyer Gabriele , Laschewski Gudrun , Boettcher Christopher 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Personal ERythemal EXposure (PEREX) model for seafarers working on decks of vessels has been developed to be used for retrospective estimates of personal occupational erythemal exposure in dependence of work profile, time period, and sea route. Extremely high UV index values up to 22 and daily erythemal exposure up to 89 standard erythemal dose have been derived from ship‐based measurements in tropical oceans. Worldwide climatological maps of daily solar erythemal exposure derived from 10 year (2004–2013) hourly grid point radiative transfer model calculations for both cloudless sky and cloudy sky serve as the database of PEREX. The PEREX database is compared with ship‐based measurements taken along four routes of merchant vessels, continuous UV radiation measurements taken on the research vessel Meteor on its mainly tropical and subtropical routes for 2 years, daily cloudless‐sky erythemal exposure derived from 10 min LibRadtran radiative transfer model calculations, and 2 years of satellite‐based erythemal exposure data of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite along the ship routes. Systematic differences between PEREX model data, ship‐based data, and satellite‐based daily erythemal exposure for all‐sky conditions are only 1 to 3%, while short‐term variations of cloudiness result in standard deviations of differences around 30%. Measured ratios between cloudless‐sky erythemal radiation at vertical to horizontal incidence decrease with decreasing solar zenith angle, while clouds flatten their diurnal course.
Modeling chloride transport using travel time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales
Authors: Benettin Paolo , Kirchner James W. , Rinaldo Andrea , Botter Gianluca 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHere we present a theoretical interpretation of high‐frequency, high‐quality tracer time series from the Hafren catchment at Plynlimon in mid‐Wales. We make use of the formulation of transport by travel time distributions to model chloride transport originating from atmospheric deposition and compute catchment‐scale travel time distributions. The relevance of the approach lies in the explanatory power of the chosen tools, particularly to highlight hydrologic processes otherwise clouded by the integrated nature of the measured outflux signal. The analysis reveals the key role of residual storages that are poorly visible in the hydrological response, but are shown to strongly affect water quality dynamics. A significant accuracy in reproducing data is shown by our calibrated model. A detailed representation of catchment‐scale travel time distributions has been derived, including the time evolution of the overall dispersion processes (which can be expressed in terms of time‐varying storage sampling functions). Mean computed travel times span a broad range of values (from 80 to 800 days) depending on the catchment state. Results also suggest that, in the average, discharge waters are younger than storage water. The model proves able to capture high‐frequency fluctuations in the measured chloride concentrations, which are broadly explained by the sharp transition between groundwaters and faster flows originating from topsoil layers.