bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal straylight and the yellow Bag in the Lens IOL
Authors: JONGENELEN S , ROZEMA JJ , TASSIGNON MJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the influence of blue‐blocking Bag in the Lens (BIL) intraocular lens (IOL) on retinal straylight.Methods Twenty‐one patients scheduled for bilateral senile cataract surgery with a BIL intraocular implant (Morcher GmbH, Germany) randomly received implantation of either a UV light‐filtering and blue‐light filtering IOL (Morcher 89A yellow BIL) or a UV‐light filtering lOL (Morcher 89A, clear BIL) in both eyes. Only the left eyes were included in this study. Best corrected visual acuity and retinal straylight level were evaluated 3 months postoperatively with decimal charts at 4m and with C‐Quant (Oculus Optigeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) respectively.Results There were 11 eyes in the yellow BIL group and 10 eyes in the clear BIL group. Preoperative measurements (K1, K2, anterior chamber depth, axial length, IOL power) showed no significant differences between the yellow and the clear BIL group. No significant difference in visual acuity was found between both groups (p = 0.512). Mean retinal straylight did not differ significantly (p = 0.809) between yellow BIL (1.24 ± 0.26) and clear BIL (1.19 ± 0.21), even after correction for age and axial length with the pseudophakic model (p =0.557).Conclusion The UV and blue‐blocking bag‐in‐the‐lens had no influence on visual acuity and retinal straylight measured 3 months postoperatively, in comparison with a UV filtering bag‐in‐the‐lens.
Do multifocal intraocular lens implants allow spectacle independence?
Authors: O'GALLAGHER MK , CHAKRABARTI M , FRAZER DG 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multifocal and toric multifocal intraocular lens implants in achieving spectacle independence when used in cataract surgery and clear lens extractions.Methods Case records were examined retrospectively for 218 eyes of 109 consecutive patients (38 male) who underwent lens extraction with multifocal intraocular lens implant by a single surgeon. If corneal astigmatism was present appropriate corrective procedures were undertaken: this included 38 eyes which received a toric multifocal lens. Data collected included: demographics, pre‐operative corrected visual acuity (with habitual correction), post‐operative unaided visual acuity for near and distance, degree of spectacle independence, and complications of surgery.Results Over 90% of patients reported spectacle independence for daily activities. Complication rates were low, with tolerable glare and haloes being the most common problem. Approximately half required laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification.Conclusion In conclusion, multifocal intraocular lens implants can allow carefully selected patients to achieve spectacle independence. These results compare favourably with published data.
Photodynamic therapy for juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma: A case report
Authors: CHATZIRALLI I , PARIKAKIS E , PEPONIS V , TSIOTRA V , MITROPOULOS P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Various treatment modalities have been described for retinal capillary hemangioma therapy, including observation, laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, radiotheraphy and vitreoretinal surgery. Our purpose is to present a case of juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma treated with photodynamic therapy(PDT.Methods A 69‐year‐old woman with no previous ocular history presented with blurred vision and photopsias in the right eye since three months. The patient underwent a thorough ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity measurement by means of Snellen charts, slit‐lamp examination, intraocular pressure(IOP) measurement and dilated fundoscopy.Results At presentation, her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/9 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. The anterior segment was totally normal and IOP was normal in both eyes as well. Dilated fundoscopy revealed a yellowish, elevated area with blood vessels, on the inferior margin of the right optic disc, as optic disc edema. Fluorescein angiography and angiogram with indocyanin green confirmed the diagnosis of juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioma. The patient was treated with PDT with verteporfin and three months later her visual acuity was 6/7.5 in the right eye and the lesion was slightly smaller.Conclusion Retinal capillary hemangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of optic disc edema. PDT offers promising results as far as anatomical and functional results, providing visual acuity improvement or even stabilization and restriction of enlargement of the lesion.
Bafilomycin A1 enhances the production of IL‐1b induced by the proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 but not that of IL‐8
Authors: PIIPPO N , HYTTI M , KINNUNEN K , SALMINEN A , KAARNIRANTA K , KAUPPINEN A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Autophagy and proteasomal degradation, two central clearance systems of the cell, decline during aging. Increased amount of protein aggregates and other waste material compromise normal cellular functions. Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes which can become activated by diverse danger signals. It has recently been shown that a decline in cellular clearance systems can offer a sufficient signal for the inflammasome activation. In the present study, we have studied the effects of impaired proteasomal degradation and autophagy on inflammation in ARPE‐19 cells.Methods In order to inhibit the proteasomal degradation and autophagy, ARPE‐19 cells were treated with MG‐132 and Bafilomycin A1, respectively. Productions of IL‐1b and IL‐8 were measured using ELISA method.Results Our data shows that MG‐132 increases the productions of IL‐1b and IL‐8. The addition of Bafilomycin A1 further increases the amount of IL‐1b but not that of IL‐8.Conclusion Our data suggests that intracellular protein aggregates are capable of inducing inflammation through several pathways. Production of IL‐1b indicates the activation of inflammasome signaling. Interestingly, the inflammasome signaling seems to become further enhanced when autophagy is blocked in addition to proteasomes. Meanwhile, the production of IL‐8 remains at the same level.
AICAR promotes cleansing of MG‐132‐induced protein aggregates in ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: MARCHESI N , VIIRI J , PASCALE A , AMADIO M , KAARNIRANTA K 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Age‐related macular degeneration pathogenesis involves impaired protein degradation in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The ubiquitin‐proteasome system and the autophagy pathway are major proteolytic processes in eukaryotic cells. SQSTM1/p62 has been shown as a key player linking the proteasomal and lysosomal clearance systems. The present study investigated the effects of AICAR (AICA ribonucleotide, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside) with/without MG‐132 (proteasome inhibitor) on autophagy regulation in RPE cells.Methods ARPE‐19 cells were treated with MG‐132 (5µM) and/or AICAR (2mM). p62 and MAP1LC3A/LC3 (LC3II) were analyzed by Western blotting. LC3 lipidation was used to study autophagic flux. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect protein aggregates and autophagosomes. pDendra2‐hLC3 construct was used to detect macroautophagy in confocal microscopy analysis.Results AICAR+MG‐132 co‐treatment induces autophagy clearance of p62 and increased LC3 lipidation. AICAR is able to completely abolish the MG‐132‐induced protein aggregation after 24 h treatment; at the same time, the co‐treatment increases the number of autophagic vesicles. Cells treated with MG‐132+AICAR exhibit a strong reduction of the perinuclear aggregates containing both LC3II and p62 proteins.Conclusion Autophagy is emerging as a novel target of therapies aimed to counteract protein aggregation and improve cell viability. In this way, our findings indicate that AICAR could be useful in the acceleration of protein clearance in RPE cells.
Characterisation of diabetic retinal neuropathy in Ins2Akita mice
Authors: ROMERO J , CHEN M , XU H 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To characterize diabetic retinal neuropathy in the Ins2Akita mouse.Methods Male heterozygous Ins2Akita mice (2‐8 months of hyperglycemia) and C57BL/6J age‐matched siblings were used in this study. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG) and thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Eyes were then processed for immunostaining of different neuronal cells, including photoreceptors, bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells.Results Ins2Akita mice exhibited altered scotopic ERG after 6‐8 months of hyperglycemia. The reduction of outer and inner retinal thickness was observed after 2 months of diabetes. Despite no striking abnormalities were found in photoreceptors, a 40% reduction of photoreceptor synaptic ribbons was observed in Ins2Akita mice compared to age‐matched controls. This was accompanied by a total depletion of horizontal cell dendritic plexus and disarrangement of rod and cone bipolar cell processes at the outer plexiform layer. In the inner retina, the number of rod and cone bipolar cells remained similar to controls, but abnormal GABAergic amacrine cell stratification and 25% reduction of rod bipolar cell axon terminals were observed. Brn3a staining revealed a 20% loss of retinal ganglion cells, which exhibited abnormal aggregates of light neurofilament. In addition, a significant retinal vascular degeneration evidenced by around 50% reductions of vascular plexus was observed in 8 month hyperglycemic Ins2Akita mice. No evidence of retinal neovascularisation was detected.Conclusion Ins2Akita mice present a variety of retinal neuropathies including the reduction in different types of neuronal cells and disruption of synaptic structures. The mice also develop severe retinal vascular degeneration but no neovascularisation.
Evaluation of central retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal eyes
Authors: LEE DW , KIM J , KIM CG , LEE TG 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To determine central retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to evaluate association between both thickness and age, gender and axial length.Methods Spectral domain OCT images (Bioptigen, Bioptigen, inc., Durham, NC) were obtained in 151 eyes of 151 healthy volunteers without retinal diseases. The IOL master (Carl Zeiss Meditech) was used to measure the eye length to compensate axial scale factor of the SD‐OCT images. The choroidal thickness at the fovea and central retinal thickness was measured. Statistical analysis using paired t‐test and Pearson correlation were performed to evaluate the correlation between both thickness and age, axial length, and gender.Results The mean and median age of the 151 subjects were 33.3 and 29 years old, respectively (range, 7 to 80 years). There were 57 males and 94 females. The mean and median axial lengths of the eye were 24.54±0.98 mm and 24.37 mm respectively. The mean central retinal thickness were 213.89±14.64μm. Increasing age and axial length were not correlated with central retinal thickness. The mean choroidal thickness in these normal eyes was 214.43±13.63μm. Increasing age (Pearsun correlation ‐ 0.193, R2=‐0.0372, p=0.018) and increasing axial length (Pearsun correlation ‐ 0.189, R2=‐0.0359, p=0.020) were correlated with decreasing choroidal thickness. Central retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness have no relationship between them in our study (Pearsun correlation ‐ 0.139, R2=0.0192, p=0.090 ).Conclusion Only the choroidal thickness at the fovea in normal eyes showed an inverse correlation with age and axial length. And there is no significant relationship between central retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness.
Analysis of retinal and cortical response to electrical stimulation by subretinal implant in rodent
Authors: MATONTI F , ROUX S , MARRE O , PICAUD S , CHAVANE F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose This aims to develop and improve the use of retinal prosthesis in animal model For that purpose we measured retinal and cortical response to direct subretinal electrical stimulation to understand how the patterns of stimuli can be adapted to improve stimulation to get closer to the response evoked by natural visual stimuliMethods In a rat model, a comparative analysis of the functional impact of similar stimulation of a subretinal implant is done at two levels (1)in the retina in vitro by multi electrodes array (2)in vivo in the primary visual cortex by optical imaging recordings Optical imaging permits a functional mapping of the cortex, using light reflection and absorption changes depending on the rate of blood oxygenation Diverse parameters were investigated: stimulus shape and polarity,intensity,size and locationResults At the cortical level we have quantified the size, position and intensity of the point‐spread function in response to the various electrical stimulations and compared them to those generated by calibrated light stimuli. The point‐spread function was much larger for electrical stimulations compared to visual stimulation We have performed retinal recordings of ganglion cells, while the prosthesis is on the photoreceptor side The cortical response and the recruitment of ganglion cells respond according to a logarithmic equation The ability to evaluate in vitro within the retina and in vivo the cortical responses induced by the prosthesis allowed us refining the patterns of electrical stimulation to get closer to a natural activationConclusion These results offer interesting prospect for improving the design of prostheses as well as their patterns of stimulation for a medical application
The prediction error of the visual field sensitivity is large at the steep ‘border’ of glaucomatous scotoma
Authors: AOYAMA Y , MURATA H , TAHARA M , YANAGISAWA M , HIRASAWA K , MAYAMA C , ASAOKA R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To create a method to identify the edge of visual field (VF) scotoma and to investigate the relationship between the steepness of the ‘border’ of scotoma and the prediction error of VF sensitivity.Methods Twenty‐two glaucomatous patients with reliable VFs were recruited. Then, using the latest VFs (Humphrey 24‐2) of these patients, the gradient of the plane on the hill of vision is calculated from the sensitivity of adjacent four/three points, so that the ‘border’ of VF damage is identified. Next, VF measurement was carried out, adding ten test points at the centre of adjacent four/three points where the gradient of the plane is largest (Full threshold, Custom mode). The VF measurements were performed using two approaches; random target presentation of 62 test points together and showing ten added points following or prior (randomly selected) to 52 (24‐2) points. Each measurement with each approach was repeated twice in a same visit. Then, the absolute value of the difference between the measured sensitivity of the added ten test points and the average of the sensitivities of surrounding three/four test points were calculated. Finally, the relationship between the gradient of sensitivity plane and the absolute difference was investigated using the multilevel modeling (MLM).Results MLM revealed significant positive relationship between the absolute difference and the gradient of plane with all of the four measurements (p<0.01).Conclusion It may be advantageous to increase the spatial information by carrying out additional measurement at the gap where the border of scotoma is steep.
Pituitary macroadenoma misdiagnosed as advanced normal tension glaucoma
Authors: POPA CHERECHEANU A , COMAN CI , IANCU R , PARVULESCU RA , STANA D , DASCALU AM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To present the clinical case of a patient with a giant pituitary adenoma that was misdiagnosed for several years and treated as a progressive NTG (Normal Tension Glaucoma).Methods A 57 years old male had his first ocular examination in December 2008 and was diagnosed with NTG and started on topical treatment. The patient was declared unable to perform automated perimetry, so he was referred for Goldmann perimetry. He had several ocular exams over a period of four years, during which the treatment was gradually increased to maximal topical therapy, but the patient still developed a progressive impairment of the visual acuity, visual field and fundus aspect.Results The patient was referred to our clinic in August 2012 for surgical management of his bilateral severe progressive glaucoma. During the hospital admittance, we performed automated perimetry that showed hemianopsia; he was referred afterwards for cerebral MRI and diagnosed with giant extensive pituitary adenoma. The patient had surgery, but he continued to lose visual acuity and optic atrophy installed at both eyes.Conclusion NTG should remain an exclusion diagnosis (after excluding a chiasm compression as well).
Ultrasonic circular cyclo coagulation in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma: A multicenter clinical trial
Authors: APTEL F , DENIS P , ROULAND JF , NORDMANN JP , LACHKAR Y , RENARD JP , SELLEM E , BAUDOUIN C , BRON A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Ultrasonic Circular Cyclo Coagulation (UC3) procedure in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods Prospective multicenter clinical trial. 42 eyes of 42 patients with POAG, intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg, an average of 1.65 failed previous surgeries and an average of 3.2 hypotensive medications were insonified with a probe comprising 6 piezoelectric transducers. 18 patients (group 1) were treated with a 4 seconds exposure time for each shot and 24 patients (group 2) with a 6 seconds exposure time. Follow‐up visits were performed at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after.Results IOP was significantly reduced in both groups (p<0.05), from a mean preoperative value of 28.6 ± 4.7 mmHg in group 1 and 28.1 ± 8.6 mmHg in group 2 to a mean value of 16.1 ± 2.8 mmHg in group 1 and 16.7 ± 4.4 mmHg in group 2 at last follow‐up. Success (IOP reduction >20%) was achieved in 12 of 18 (67%) eyes of the group 1 and in 17 of 24 (71%) eyes of the group 2. Four patients were re‐treated. No major intra‐ or post‐operative complications occurred.Conclusion UC3 seems to be an effective and well‐tolerated method to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with POAG.
Commercial interest
Imaging of the optic nerve (oct rnfl and ganglion cells analysis) in monitoring the child's congenital glaucoma
Authors: BOUAKAZ S , RUPIN A , LABALETTE P , ROULAND JF 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Apply monitoring child's congenital glaucoma, imaging of the optic nerve of adult glaucoma tests: RNFL and analysis of ganglion cells in Optical coherence tomography.Methods We studied 30 childrens with congenital glaucoma balanced aged 6 to 18 years whose usual monitoring focuses on visual acuity, intraocular pressure and visual field. Using Zeiss Cirrus HD OCT Spectral Domain, we studied the structure of the optic nerve of these patients (RNFL and ganglion complex) and was compared to that of adults.Results The values obtained for young patients with normal visual field are identical to those of an adult an average of 99μm for the RNFL and 85 μm for ganglion cells analysis. For other patients anomalies are consistent with campimétriques deficits observed. Imaging of the optic nerve found the same abnormalities of function and structure of the optic nerve in adults. Thanks to the rapid acquisition of OCT images, this review is implementation easier and earlier than the visual field study in children. OCT allows monitoring of glaucoma patients for several years. However, in children, this monitoring is not carried out in practice common and could serve as an additional tool.Conclusion Child's congenital glaucoma requires regular monitoring based on intraocular pressure and when age permits the study of the visual field. the monitoring of these patients can be started earlier with the study of the optic nerve in Oct (RNFL and ganglion cells analysis) to the consistency of results between adults and children. The completion of the visual field is difficult before the age of 8, the feasible before OCT this age allows earlier monitoring of this disease.
Photoreceptor integrity and visual acuity in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: EL MATRI L , CHEBIL A , LARGUECHE L , CHAKER N , CHARFI H 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess the correlation between the status of the inner segment/outer segment junction (IS/OS) and visual acuity in retinitis pigmentosa.Methods One hundred and ninety‐six eyes of 100 patients with RP were examined with the spectral optical coherence tomography (3D‐OCT‐2000). The status of the inner segment/outer segment junction (IS/OS) (Grade 1: absent, Grade 2: blurred discontinuous, or Grade 3: distinct) was evaluated. Correlation between visual acuity and each of the measurements were examined.Results Of the 196 eyes, IS/OS was absent in 61 eyes (30.9%), blurred in 71 eyes (36.36%) and distinct in 64 eyes (32.74%).Total retinal thickness was not correlated with visual acuity. The mean logMAR visual acuity (VA) in the IS/OS absent group (0.65±0.12) was worse than the one seen in the IS/OS blurred (0.23±0.41) or IS/OS distinct groups (0.08±0.44) (P<0.001). But eighteen per cent of the eyes with a normal foveal IS/OS line, normal COST line and normal perifoveal layers have a bad visual acuity. While seven per cent of eyes with absent foveal IS/OS line have surprisingly a good visual acuity.Conclusion The status of photoreceptor IS/OS line is an important parameter that needs to be examined in RP patients, while perifoveal retinal layers need not be examined. The presence of the foveal photoreceptor IS/OS line is associated with better visual acuity and thicker fovea in RP patients. But, in a few cases, the foveal photoreceptor IS/OS line can be absent with a good visual acuity.
Role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of West Bengal, India
Authors: Pattanayak Arup Kumar , Bankura Biswabandhu , Balmiki Nisha , Das Tapas Kumar , Chowdhury Subhankar , Das Madhusudan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionPeroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a nuclear hormone receptor of the ligand‐dependent transcription factor involved in adipogenesis, and a molecular target of the insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinediones. The present study aimed to investigate whether the PPARG gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related traits within the population of West Bengal, India.Materials and MethodsThe study participants (200 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 200 normal individuals) were chosen randomly, and the variants were screened by direct sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that rs1801282 (odds ratio 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.15–2.96; P = 0.57) and rs3856806 (odds ratio 1.23; 95% confidence interval 0.73–2.06; P = 0.44) variants of the PPARG gene were not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThe results showed that the PPARG gene was not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our study population. As the lack of association might come from the small sample size, further studies with larger sample size are required to verify the present observation.