bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3 ceramic and copper joints brazed with AgCuInTi brazing alloy
Authors: Li Botao , Liu Ben , Wang Yong , Hu Ruoqi , Wang Ying , Yang Zhenwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReliable metallurgical bonding between Al2O3 ceramic and copper was achieved by vacuum brazing using Ag–23Cu–14.5In–3.3Ti (wt.%) alloy. The representative interfacial structure of the joint was Al2O3/Ti3(Cu,Al)3O + γ‐TiO/Ag‐based solid solution + (Cu,Ag)7In3 + Ag–Cu eutectic + Cu‐based solid solution/copper. The interface microstructure evolved with process parameters, including the formation of γ‐TiO and Ti3(Cu,Al)3O, as evidenced by microstructural analysis and etched surface morphology. The relationship between fracture path and shear strength was established by observing the fracture morphology and performing shear strength tests on joints with various process parameters, utilizing the degree of the Ag‐based solid solution loss and the thickness of the reaction layer as evaluative factors. When brazed at 760 or 780°C for 20 min using a 100 µm brazing alloy foil, the brazed joints demonstrated a peak shear strength of 215 ± 25 MPa, and the fracture predominantly occurred in the Al2O3 matrix and Ti3(Cu,Al)3O layer.
Barriers and Enablers for Adolescents Accessing Substance‐Use Treatment: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: James Philip D. , Nash Michael , Comiskey Catherine M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTSubstance use is a persistent concern for adolescents in many countries due to the significant negative impact on mental, physical and social outcomes. US research indicates that while 4.1% of 12–17‐year‐olds require treatment, <10% of those who require it access it. This paper summarises the literature available on the barriers and enablers to those under 18s attending substance use treatment to inform policy and practice. Using a systematic approach, we searched six databases for studies which reported barriers and enablers to those aged 18 and under accessing substance use treatment. Thirty‐two papers met the inclusion criteria and we present the findings using a narrative synthesis. Only one paper identified explored this topic in Europe. Barriers and enablers are presented across four themes: (1) individual factors, (2) societal factors, (3) Gateway Providers and (4) treatment service factors. Mental health nurses, especially those working with young people, should be aware that adolescents are unlikely to perceive their substance use as problematic and rely on adults to access treatment. Access appears more difficult for females and socially marginalised youth. Various professionals direct young people towards treatment, but clear protocols are needed to encourage them to intervene, which could be an opportunity for nurses to be innovative and lead in this area. Services perceived as adolescent‐specific, youth‐friendly and flexible encourage attendance while the cost of treatment, including time off work and transport, function as barriers.
The long cultural backlash movement: Pro‐regime social justice mobilizations, discourses and policies in Iran (1995–2010)
Authors: Teimouri Amirhossein 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGrowing research on state‐organized mobilizations (SOMs) has yet to establish a clear connection between cultural backlash movements in authoritarian regimes and a broad range of state‐led contentions, especially SOMs. The case of SOMs in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IR), exemplified by cultural backlash from 1995 until 2010, considerably enriches our understanding of various forms of state‐led contentions. Pro‐regime cultural contentions in Iran also give insights into how states upgrade their actions and rhetorical repertoires in response to a wide variety of perceived and real threats. Drawing on a unique longitudinal newspaper data set and analysing street rallies, policies and rhetoric of pro‐regime actors and factions, I show how culturally motivated social justice contentions by revolutionary rightist (RR) groups in Iran evolved into a long cultural movement, giving rise to a new type of SOMs – theorized as proactive performative ideological mobilizations – in the context of the IR. Further, this long cultural movement paved the way for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's ascent to power in 2005, resulting in salient policy outcomes. Moreover, my findings suggest that pro‐regime RR actors exercise their agency by not only countering anti‐regime contentions but also by challenging the IR's various governing bodies. Finally, I propose that SOMs should be understood as enduring cultural movements in order to better make sense of their emergence and material consequences.
Self‐management to prevent recurrence in venous leg ulcers: A concept analysis
Authors: Pennisi Yvonne , Müller Nicole , Buckley Claire , Hartigan Irene , Murphy Siobhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recurrence of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) is of concern to both patients and health care systems, with large amounts of resources being consumed by this chronic condition. Self‐management has been recommended to decrease the recurrence of VLUs. However, this concept has not been clearly defined in VLU recurrence prevention. The aim of this concept analysis was to describe self‐management in VLU recurrence prevention, and explore the terms used and their application in preventing VLU recurrence. Using Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis, 19 articles were systematically reviewed. The primary term used was that of self‐care. The defining attributes included (a) completing preventative tasks of compression, elevation and exercise; (b) lifelong compliance with preventative tasks by patients; (c) internal factors of understanding why tasks are needed, and motivation/belief they will help prevent recurrence, hence changing routines/lifestyles; (d) environmental support through local health care systems and support systems, while avoiding risk. Inconsistent terminology use can cause communication issues within wound management as well as multidisciplinary teams. Although self‐management is evolving, its development may have been constrained by the medical model, which emphasises compliance with direct preventative tasks for this chronic condition. There is minimal focus on external or environmental factors that support behaviour change. The use of the term self‐management may be more beneficial to communication between professions as it aligns with the chronic disease research. Presently the concept focuses on concordance of the patient with completing the preventative tasks of lifelong compression, elevation and exercise/mobility. The person's beliefs and understanding that compliance with these tasks will reduce the risk of recurrence, and hence, lifelong changes to routines, habits and lifestyles must be made by the person.
Small non‐coding RNA signatures in atrial appendages of patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zeng Yuhong , Yuan Zhiquan , Li Jun , Yang Lanqing , Li Chengying , Xiang Ying , Wu Long , Xia Tingting , Zhong Li , Li Yafei , Wu Na 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐throughput technologies has enhanced our understanding of small non‐coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and their crucial roles in various diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to systematically delineate sncRNA profiles in AF patients. PANDORA‐sequencing was used to examine the sncRNA profiles of atrial appendage tissues from AF and non‐AF patients. Differentially expressed sncRNAs were identified using the R package DEGseq 2 with a fold change >2 and p < 0.05. The target genes of the differentially expressed sncRNAs were predicted using MiRanda and RNAhybrid. Gene Ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. In AF patients, the most abundant sncRNAs were ribosomal RNA‐derived small RNAs (rsRNAs), followed by transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Compared with non‐AF patients, 656 rsRNAs, 45 miRNAs, 191 tsRNAs and 51 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were differentially expressed in AF patients, whereas no significantly differentially expressed piwi‐interacting RNAs were identified. Two out of three tsRNAs were confirmed to be upregulated in AF patients by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and higher plasma levels of tsRNA 5006c‐LysCTT were associated with a 2.55‐fold increased risk of all‐cause death in AF patients (hazard ratio: 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.56–4.17; p < 0.001). Combined with our previous transcriptome sequencing results, 32 miRNA, 31 snoRNA, 110 nucleus‐encoded tsRNA, and 33 mitochondria‐encoded tsRNA target genes were dysregulated in AF patients. GO and KEGG analyses revealed enrichment of differentially expressed sncRNA target genes in AF‐related pathways, including the ‘calcium signaling pathway’ and ‘adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes.’ The dysregulated sncRNA profiles in AF patients suggest their potential regulatory roles in AF pathogenesis. Further research is needed to investigate the specific mechanisms of sncRNAs in the development of AF and to explore potential biomarkers for AF treatment and prognosis.
Dermatological emergencies and determinants of hospitalization in Switzerland: A retrospective study
Authors: Cazzaniga S. , Heidemeyer K. , Zahn C. A. , Seyed Jafari S. M. , Sauter T. C. , Naldi L. , Borradori L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDermatologic conditions are estimated to account worldwide for approximately 8% of all visits at emergency departments (EDs). Although rarely life‐threatening, several dermatologic emergencies may have a high morbidity. Little is known about ED consultations of patients with dermatological emergencies and their subsequent hospital disposal.ObjectiveWe explore determinants and clinical variables affecting patients' disposal and hospitalization of people attending the ED at a Swiss University Hospital, over a 56‐month observational period, for a dermatological problem.MethodsDe‐identified patients' information was extracted from the hospital electronic medical record system. Generalized estimating equations were used to explore determinants of patient's disposition.ResultsOut of 5096 consecutive patients with a dermatological main problem evaluated at the ED, 79% of patients were hospitalized after initial assessment. In multivariable analyses, factors which were significantly associated with an increased admission rate included length of ED stay, age ≥ 45 years, male sex, distinct vital signs, high body mass index, low oxygen saturation, admission time in the ED and number and type of dermatological diagnoses. Only 2.2% of the hospitalized patients were admitted to a dermatology ward, despite the fact that they had dermatological diagnoses critically determining the diagnostic related group (DRG) payment. The number of patients managed by dermatologists during in‐patient treatment significantly decreased over the study period.ConclusionsOur study identifies a number of independent predictors affecting the risk of hospital admission for patients with dermatological conditions, which may be useful to improve patients' disposal in EDs. The results indicate that the dermatological specialty is becoming increasingly marginalized in the management of patients in the Swiss hospital setting. This trend may have significant implications for the delivery of adequate medical care, outcomes and cost‐effectiveness. Dermatologists should be more engaged to better position their specialty and to effectively collaborate with nondermatologists to enhance patient care.
Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2‐NP) exposure in a novel Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii hepatocyte cell line
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Liu Ting , Luo Tianxun , Zhao Zhenxing , Zhu Junquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn vitro cell culture is crucial for predicting the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2‐NP). However, assessing the toxicity of TiO2‐NPs in sturgeon remains difficult given the lack of sufficient cell lines. We established and characterized the first hepatocyte cell line from Acipenser schrenckii liver tissue (ASL). This ASL cell line proliferated well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium at 25°C and 10% fetal bovine serum. ASL cells with a chromosome number of 244 were successfully transfected with the pEGFP‐N3 plasmid. The ASL cell line's origin was verified as A. schrenckii through mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I and mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Using the ASL cell line as an in vitro model, we found that TiO2‐NP exposure decreased the viability and promoted the damage of ASL cells (96‐h LC50 = 331.8 μg mL−1). Increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in ASL cells suggested oxidative stress under TiO2‐NP exposure. We also observed dysregulation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. By detecting calcium ions and mitochondrial membrane potential indicators, we found that the apoptotic pathway induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress played a major role at low concentrations of TiO2‐NP‐induced stress. Both mitochondria‐mediated and endoplasmic reticulum stress promoted apoptosis under increasing TiO2‐NP concentrations. In conclusion, the ASL cell line established in this study is a useful in vitro model for toxicological studies of TiO2‐NP exposure in fish.
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, osteoporosis, and fracture
Authors: Tan Jing Tong , Cheung Ching Lung , Cheung Ka Shing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOsteoporotic fracture is a prevalent noncommunicable disease globally, causing significant mortality, morbidity, and disability. As the population ages, the healthcare and economic burden of osteoporotic fracture is expected to increase further. Due to its multifactorial features, the development of osteoporotic fracture involves a complex interplay of multiple risk factors, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Helicobacter pylori, which infects approximately 43% of the world's population, has been associated with increased fracture risk due to hypochlorhydria from atrophic gastritis and systemic inflammation from elevated pro‐inflammatory cytokines. However, the potential impact of H. pylori infection and eradication on fracture risk remains contentious among various studies due to the study design and inadequate adjustment of confounding factors including baseline gastritis phenotype. In this review, we provided a comprehensive evaluation of the current evidence focusing on the underlying mechanisms and clinical evidence of the association between H. pylori infection and osteoporotic fracture. We also discussed the potential benefits of H. pylori eradication on fracture risk.
Global prevalence of advanced fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wongtrakul Wasit , Niltwat Sorachat , Charatcharoenwitthaya Natthinee , Karaketklang Khemajira , Charatcharoenwitthaya Phunchai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face a heightened susceptibility to advanced fibrosis, a condition linked to adverse clinical outcomes. However, reported data on liver fibrosis severity among individuals with T2DM vary significantly across studies with diverse characteristics. This meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of advanced fibrosis among T2DM patients.MethodsA comprehensive systematic search of the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception to November 2022 was conducted to identify studies assessing advanced fibrosis in individuals with T2DM. Random‐effects models were utilized to calculate point estimates of prevalence, accompanied by 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta‐regression with subgroup analysis was employed to address heterogeneity.ResultsWe identified 113 eligible studies involving 244,858 individuals from 29 countries. Globally, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis among T2DM patients was 19.5% (95% CI 16.8–22.4%). Regionally, the prevalence rates were as follows: 60.5% in West Asia (95% CI 50.3–70.4%), 24.4% in South Asia (95% CI 16.2–33.7%), 20.1% in East Asia (95% CI 14.7–26.1%), 20.0% in Europe (95% CI 15.8–24.6%), 15.8% in North America (95% CI 11.0–21.3%), and 11.3% in South America (95% CI 6.2–17.5%). The prevalence of advanced fibrosis varied notably based on the study setting and diagnostic methodology employed. Meta‐regression models highlighted that 45.13% of the observed heterogeneity could be attributed to combined diagnostic modality and study setting.ConclusionsGlobally, approximately one fifth of the T2DM population presents advanced fibrosis, with prevalence differing across geographical regions. Our findings underscore the need for effective strategies to alleviate its global burden.
Network energy use not directly proportional to data volume: The power model approach for more reliable network energy consumption calculations
Authors: Mytton David , Lundén Dag , Malmodin Jens 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that data volume and network energy consumption are directly proportional, a notion perpetuated by numerous studies and media coverage. This paper challenges this assumption, offering a comprehensive examination of network operations to explain why the relationship between energy consumption and data volume is nonlinear. The power model approach is explored as an alternative methodology for calculating network energy consumption providing a more reliable representation of network energy use. The power model demonstrates that simple energy intensity calculations, expressed as kilowatt hours per gigabyte of data, are insufficient for accurately estimating real‐world network energy consumption.
Midkine is upregulated in the hippocampus following both spatial and olfactory reward association learning and enhances memory
Authors: Abdulmalek Sarah , Connole Laura M. , O'Sullivan Niamh C. , Beyna Mercedes , Pangalos Menelas N. , von Schack David , Ring Robert H. , Murphy Keith J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHippocampal neuronal plasticity is a fundamental process underpinning learning and memory formation and requiring elaborate molecular mechanisms that result in the dynamic remodelling of synaptic connectivity. The neurotrophic properties of midkine (Mdk) have been implicated in the development and repair of the nervous system, while Mdk knockout resulted in deficits in the formation of certain types of memory. The role of Mdk in the process of memory‐associated neuronal plasticity, however, remains poorly understood. We investigated the learning‐induced regulation of Mdk in spatial navigation and association learning using the water maze and the odour reward association learning paradigms, characterising a temporal profile of Mdk protein expression post‐learning. Both learning events revealed similar patterns of upregulation of expression of the protein in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus, which were rapid and transient. Moreover, administration of recombinant Mdk during the endogenous Mdk upregulation following learning enhanced memory in the water maze task revealing a pro‐cognitive action of Mdk. We further show that, within the adult hippocampus, Mdk mRNA is predominantly expressed in granular and pyramidal neurons and that hippocampal neuronal Mdk expression is regulated by the canonical plasticity‐associated neurotransmitter glutamate. Finally, we confirm that the positive action of Mdk on neurite outgrowth previously noted in cortical and cerebellar neurons extends to hippocampal neurons. Together, our findings suggest a role for Mdk in glutamate‐mediated hippocampal neuronal plasticity important for long‐term memory consolidation.image
20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S are high‐sensitivity and independent markers of immunological activity in relapsing‐remitting type of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Górska Ewelina , Tylicka Marzena , Kamińska Joanna , Hermanowicz Adam , Matuszczak Ewa , Ołdak Łukasz , Gorodkiewicz Ewa , Karpińska Elżbieta , Socha Katarzyna , Kochanowicz Jan , Jakoniuk Marta , Homšak Evgenija , Koper‐Lenkiewicz Olga Martyna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch on the markers of autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still of great importance. The aim of our study was the evaluation of plasma 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S concentrations as potential biomarkers of a relapsing‐remitting type of MS (RRMS). Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) biosensors were used for the evaluation of protein concentrations. Plasma 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S concentrations were significantly higher in RRMS patients compared to the control group. All three parameters were characterized by excellent usefulness in differentiating MS patients from healthy individuals (AUC equal to or close to 1.000). The plasma concentration of analyzed parameters was not correlated with severity of disability in the course of RRMS (EDSS value), the number of years from the first MS symptoms, the number of years from MS diagnosis, or the number of relapses within the 24‐month observational period. Our study has shown that plasma concentrations of 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S have promising potential in differentiating RRMS patients from healthy individuals. All of the analyzed parameters were found to be independent of the time of MS relapse and the severity of neurological symptoms. Hence, their potential as highly sensitive and independent circulating markers of RRMS suggests a stronger association with immunological activity (inflammatory processes) than with the severity of the disease.image