bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a Plantarflexed First Ray the Primary Deformity In Children With Cavovarus Feet Secondary to Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease? A Pedobarographic Analysis
Authors: Ferguson Stuart , Do Patrick , Feng Jing , Bauer Jeremy 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a common cause of cavovarus foot deformity in children. This deformity is often quoted as being forefoot driven, with a primary deformity of first ray plantarflexion driving the hindfoot into varus by virtue of the tripod effect of the foot, which was hypothesized by Coleman and is commonly assessed clinically using his eponymous block test. The primary goal of this study was to objectively investigate this hypothesis using dynamic pedobarography.

Methods:
A review of the gait lab archives at a large tertiary referral center was carried out to identify children with CMT who had foot photos and dynamic pedobarographic data. Two orthopaedic surgeons then determined the weight-bearing hindfoot alignment of these children using clinical photography. The order of contact during gait of the first metatarsal relative to the fifth metatarsal was then obtained from the dynamic pedobarographic data.

Results:
One hundred eighteen feet from 60 children with CMT met the study inclusion criteria. Sixty-eight varus feet were compared with 50 nonvarus feet. First ray contact occurred before fifth ray contact in only 39.7% of the varus feet compared with 34.0% of the nonvarus feet, which did not meet statistical significance (P=0.526).

Conclusions:
In this cohort, dynamic pedobarography did not consistently demonstrate the first metatarsal contact occurring before the fifth metatarsal contact in children with varus feet secondary to CMT. While nearly 40% of the feet did make initial contact on the first ray, 60% of the feet landed in varus before the first ray made contact, leading us to believe that the foot is prepositioned in varus. This may be in part due to the progressive muscle imbalance and secondary deformity that has occurred. Surgical management of these children should take this possibility into consideration and focus on rebalancing the forces causing this varus positioning as well as correcting the resultant bony deformity.
High-frequency electrical stimulation increases cortical excitability and mechanical sensitivity in a chronic large animal model
Authors: Meijs Suzan , Andreis Felipe Rettore , Janjua Taha Al Muhammadee , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , Jensen Winnie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Translational models of the sensitized pain system are needed to progress the understanding of involved mechanisms. In this study, long-term potentiation was used to develop a mechanism-based large-animal pain model. Event-related potentials to electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve were recorded by intracranial recordings in pigs, 3 weeks before, immediately before and after, and 3 weeks after peripheral high-frequency stimulation (HFS) applied to the ulnar nerve in the right forelimb (7 pigs) or in control animals (5 pigs). Event-related potential recordings and peripheral HFS were done during anesthesia. Two weeks before and after the HFS, behavioral responses reflecting mechanical and thermal sensitivity were collected using brush, noxious limb-mounted pressure algometer, and noxious laser stimuli. The HFS intervention limb was progressively sensitized to noxious mechanical stimulation in week 1 and 2 compared with baseline (P = 0.045) and the control group (P < 0.034) but not significantly to laser or brush stimulation. The first negative (N1) peak of the event-related potential was increased 30 minutes after HFS compared with before (P < 0.05). The N1 peak was also larger compared with control pigs 20 to 40 minutes after HFS (P < 0.031) but not significantly increased 3 weeks after. The relative increase in N1 30 minutes after HFS and the degree of mechanical hyperalgesia 2 weeks post-HFS was correlated (P < 0.033). These results show for the first time that the pig HFS model resembles the human HFS model closely where the profile of sensitization is comparable. Interestingly, the degree of sensitization was associated with the cortical signs of hyperexcitability at HFS induction.
Advanced neuroimaging of the trigeminal nerve and the whole brain in trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review
Authors: Watanabe Memi , Shrivastava Raj K. , Balchandani Priti 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a major role of imaging is to identify the causes, but recent studies demonstrated structural and microstructural changes in the affected nerve. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have reported central nervous system involvement in TN. In this systematic review, recent quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the trigeminal nerve and the brain in patients with TN were compiled, organized, and discussed, particularly emphasizing the possible background mechanisms and the interpretation of the results. A systematic search of quantitative MRI studies of the trigeminal nerve and the brain in patients with TN was conducted using PubMed. We included the studies of the primary TN published during 2013 to 2023, conducted for the assessment of the structural and microstructural analysis of the trigeminal nerve, and the structural, diffusion, and functional MRI analysis of the brain. Quantitative MRI studies of the affected trigeminal nerves and the trigeminal pathway demonstrated structural/microstructural alterations and treatment-related changes, which differentiated responders from nonresponders. Quantitative analysis of the brain revealed changes in the brain areas associated with pain processing/modulation and emotional networks. Studies of the affected nerve demonstrated evidence of demyelination and axonal damage, compatible with pathological findings, and have shown its potential value as a tool to assess treatment outcomes. Quantitative MRI has also revealed the possibility of dynamic microstructural, structural, and functional neuronal plasticity of the brain. Further studies are needed to understand these complex mechanisms of neuronal plasticity and to achieve a consensus on the clinical use of quantitative MRI in TN.
Psychosocial Correlates and Behavioral Response to a Carbon Fiber Orthosis and Intensive Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Williamson Jared N. , Grunst Megan M. , Williamson Gary A. , Lynn Jeffrey , Blanck Ryan V. , Wilken Jason M. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Carbon fiber custom dynamic orthoses (CDOs), a type of ankle-foot orthosis (AFO), have been shown to improve function and mobility. Psychosocial aspects of disability can influence outcomes in prosthetic and orthotic users, but their association with outcomes in CDO users is unknown.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between physical and psychosocial outcomes following an intensive rehabilitative program including a carbon fiber ankle-foot orthosis, and identify factors related to continued orthosis use.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort with long-term follow-up.

Methods
An online survey including questions about device behaviors, self-reported function, pain, global health, self-efficacy, pain interference, resilience, and kinesiophobia was completed by participants who received a custom carbon fiber ankle-foot orthosis and intensive training because of chronic neuromusculoskeletal lower-limb disability.

Results
The mean follow-up was 4.0 (±1.0) years. Sixty-three adult participants responded to the survey (21 women, 42 men; mean age, 41 ± 12 years). All psychosocial outcomes at follow-up were within “good” or “normal” limits (<1 SD from reference population mean) on average. Strong correlations were observed between self-reported physical function and psychosocial outcomes, and moderate correlations were observed among psychosocial outcomes, between baseline physical outcomes and psychosocial outcomes, and between long-term outcomes and psychosocial outcomes. Device continuation at long-term follow-up was 68%.

Conclusions
Four years after the intervention, respondents with chronic lower-limb disabilities reported scores that were comparable to normative values for kinesiophobia, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy for managing their condition, pain interference, and psychological resilience.

Clinical Relevance
Psychosocial variables can affect the outcomes with, and perception of, orthotic devices in individuals with lower-limb neuromusculoskeletal deficits. A goal-oriented care program with emphasis on technique training, postdelivery follow-up, and psychosocial status may help explain long-term outcomes with CDOs and continued device use.
Validation of the AViTA upper-arm blood pressure monitor BP636 with multiple cuff sizes in the general population according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:2018/Amd1:2020
Authors: Lin Chung-Yu , Huang I-Chih 
Published: August 2024

Objective
To determine the accuracy of the AViTA BP636 upper-arm home blood pressure (BP) monitor in general populations with small to extra-large arms according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2 : 2018/Amd1 : 2020).

Methods
The AViTA BPM636 was utilized on 85 adult participants with upper-arm circumferences ranging from 15 to 52 cm, and four cuffs of different sizes (small: 15–22 cm, normal: 22–33 cm, large: 33–42 cm, and extra large: 42–52 cm) were used in this study. The recruitment fulfills the criteria of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO Universal Standard 81060-2 : 2018/Amd1 : 2020 in the general population using the same arm sequential BP measurement method.

Results
For validation criterion 1, the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference blood pressure readings was −0.35 ± 4.68/0.56 ± 3.93 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) for adults. The mean difference of SBP between the test device and the reference device was −0.35 mmHg with a SD of 3.50 mmHg, which was within the acceptable range for criterion 2 (i.e. less than 6.93 mmHg) Similarly, the mean difference in DBP was 0.56 mmHg with a SD of 3.38 mmHg, which also met the criterion 2 (i.e. within 6.91 mmHg).

Conclusion
AViTA BPM636 passed the criteria of the ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2 : 2018/Amd 1 : 2020 protocol. It can be recommended for home-based BP measurements in the general population and people with extra-large arms ranging from 42 to 52 cm.
On the role of geometric phase in the dynamics of elastic waveguides
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Semperlotti Fabio 
Published: August 2024

The geometric phase provides important mathematical insights to understand the fundamental nature and evolution of the dynamic response in a wide spectrum of systems ranging from quantum to classical mechanics. While the concept of geometric phase, which is an additional phase factor occurring in dynamical systems, holds the same meaning across different fields of application, its use and interpretation can acquire important nuances specific to the system of interest. In recent years, the development of quantum topological materials and its extension to classical mechanical systems have renewed the interest in the concept of geometric phase. This review revisits the concept of geometric phase and discusses, by means of either established or original results, its critical role in the design and dynamic behaviour of elastic waveguides. Concepts of differential geometry and topology are put forward to provide a theoretical understanding of the geometric phase and its connection to the physical properties of the system. Then, the concept of geometric phase is applied to different types of elastic waveguides to explain how either topologically trivial or non-trivial behaviour can emerge based on the geometric features of the waveguide.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 2)’.
An efficient multiscale method for subwavelength transient analysis of acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Liupekevicius R. , van Dommelen J. A. W. , Geers M. G. D. , Kouznetsova V. G. 
Published: August 2024

A reduced-order homogenization framework is proposed, providing a macro-scale-enriched continuum model for locally resonant acoustic metamaterials operating in the subwavelength regime, for both time and frequency domain analyses. The homogenized continuum has a non-standard constitutive model, capturing a metamaterial behaviour such as negative effective bulk modulus, negative effective density and Willis coupling. A suitable reduced space is constructed based on the unit cell response in a steady-state regime and the local resonance regime. A frequency domain numerical example demonstrates the efficiency and suitability of the proposed framework.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 2)’.
Stimulus encoding shapes tactile perception and underlies alterations in autism
Authors: Semelidou Ourania , Gauvrit Théo , Vandromme Célien , Cornier Alexandre , Saint-Jean Anna , Le Feuvre Yves , Ginger Melanie , Frick Andreas 
Published: August 2024

SummaryTouch is fundamental for our interaction with the world, and atypical tactile experience is one of the core characteristics of autism, significantly affecting daily life. However, we do not know the neural underpinnings of low-level tactile perception and how they change in autism. Using a translational perceptual task, we reveal that concomitant neuronal activation and inhibition in the primary somatosensory cortex encode tactile stimuli and determine their detection. We recapitulate the multifaceted tactile features of autistic individuals in theFmr1-/ymouse model of autism, showing tactile hyposensitivity, interindividual variability, and unreliable responses. Weak stimulus encoding inFmr1-/y-hyposensitive mice renders perception vulnerable to the ongoing network state and impedes reliable response decoding. Strengthening stimulus encoding by decreasing neuronal hyperexcitability inFmr1-/y-hyposensitive mice improves tactile perception. Our work shows an evolutionarily conserved role for the primary somatosensory cortex in tactile detection and presents a highly translational approach for probing neuronal-perceptual changes in neurodevelopmental conditions.
BrainAgeNeXt: Advancing Brain Age Modeling for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: La Rosa Francesco , Dos Santos Silva Jonadab , Dereskewicz Emma , Invernizzi Azzurra , Cahan Noa , Galasso Julia , Garcia Nadia , Graney Robin , Levy Sarah , Verma Gaurav , Balchandani Priti , Reich Daniel S , Horton Megan , Greenspan Hayit , Sumowski James , Cuadra Merixtell Bach , Beck Erin S 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAging is associated with structural brain changes, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain age, an imaging biomarker sensitive to deviations from healthy aging, offers insights into structural aging variations and is a potential prognostic biomarker in neurodegenerative conditions. This study introduces BrainAgeNeXt, a novel convolutional neural network inspired by the MedNeXt framework, designed to predict brain age from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. BrainAgeNeXt was trained and validated on 11,574 MRI scans from 33 private and publicly available datasets of healthy volunteers, aged 5 to 95 years, imaged with 3T and 7T MRI. Performance was compared against three state-of-the-art brain age prediction methods. BrainAgeNeXt achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.78 ± 3.64 years, lower than the compared methods (MAE = 3.55, 3.59, and 4.16 years, respectively). We tested all methods also across different levels of image quality, and BrainAgeNeXt performed well even with motion artifacts and less common 7T MRI data. In three longitudinal multiple sclerosis (MS) cohorts (273 individuals), brain age was, on average, 4.21 ± 6.51 years greater than chronological age. Longitudinal analysis indicated that brain age increased by 1.15 years per chronological year in individuals with MS (95% CI = [1.05, 1.26]). Moreover, in early MS, individuals with worsening disability had a higher annual increase in brain age compared to those with stable clinical assessments (1.24 vs. 0.75, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that brain age is a promising prognostic biomarker for MS progression and potentially a valuable endpoint for clinical trials.
CO-INFECTS: A Highly Affordable, Portable, Nucleic-Acid-Based Rapid Detector of Active Respiratory Co-Infections via “Swab-to-Result” Integration
Authors: Nag Sudip , Banerjee Saptarshi , Bandopadhyay Aditya , Banerjee Indranath , Jana Subhasis , Mondal Arindam , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarly diagnosis of active viral co-infections of similar symptomatic pattern is critical for preventing life-threatening respiratory complications. While facilities for the same are currently available, those are either over-expensive or not amenable for deployment in resource-limited settings. We report a first of its kind isothermal colorimetric nucleic acid-based test integrated in a user-friendly, portable device, that can differentially diagnose respiratory viral infections having similar symptomatic pattern, and illustrate its performance by detecting co-infections of SARS-CoV-2 with seasonal influenza A virus from unprocessed swab sample in an extraction-free analysis mode within 45 minutes without intermediate manual steps. The test obviates the need of any complex disposable cartridge in preference to common laboratory utilities. Further, it harnesses machine learning empowered and smartphone interfaced colorimetric analysis without needing any specialized optical detector. The efficacy of the test is validated via community-adapted randomized field trials at underserved rural settings by frontline health workers, reporting sensitivity >96% and specificity > 98% in 1500 cohorts. The method in the form of three test genes with one internal control assay evidences to facilitate viral surveillance and enables diagnosing complex respiratory infections early enough in a plethora of settings ranging from general hospitals to the community centres, overcoming barriers to access of high-end facilities. Such adaptation of scientifically supreme multiplex nucleic acid based diagnostics in the framework of a simple and user friendly rapid test appears to be the future of infectious disease management in a democratized framework, eradicating the disparities in affordability and accessibility in resource-limited settings.
Educational attainment and mental health conditions: a within-sibship Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Vinueza Veloz María Fernanda , Bhatta Laxmi , Jones Paul Remy , Tesli Martin , Smith George Davey , Davies Neil Martin , Brumpton Ben M. , Næss Øyvind Erik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImportanceObservational studies have demonstrated consistent protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) on the risk of suffering mental health conditions (MHC). Determining whether these beneficial effects are causal is challenging given the potential role of dynastic effects and demographic factors (assortative mating and population structure) in this association.ObjectiveTo evaluate to what extent the relationship between EA and various MHC is independent from dynastic effects and demographic factors.DesignWithin-sibship Mendelian randomization (MR) study.SettingOne-sample MR analyses included participants’ data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT, Norway) and UK Biobank (United Kingdom). For two-sample MR analyses we used summary statistics from publicly available genome-wide-association-studies.Participants61 880 siblings (27 507 sibships).ExposureYears of education.Main outcomesScores for symptoms of anxiety, depression and neuroticism using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, as well as self-reported consumption of psychotropic medication.ResultsOne standard deviation (SD) unit increase in years of education was associated with a lower symptom score of anxiety (−0.20 SD [95%CI: −0.26, −0.14]), depression (−0.11 SD [−0.43, 0.22]), neuroticism (−0.30 SD [−0.53, −0.06]), and lower odds of psychotropic medication consumption (OR: 0.60 [0.52, 0.69]). Estimates from the within-sibship MR analyses showed some attenuation, which however were suggestive of a causal association (anxiety: −0.17 SD [−0.33, −0.00]; depression: −0.18 SD [-1.26, 0.89]; neuroticism: −0.29 SD [−0.43, −0.15]); psychotropic medication consumption: OR, 0.52 [0.34, 0.82]).Conclusions and RelevanceAssociations between EA and MHC in adulthood, although to some extend explained by dynastic effects and demographic factors, overall remain robust, indicative of a causal effect. However, larger studies are warranted to improve statistical power and further validate our conclusions.Key pointsQuestionAre the protective effects of higher educational attainment on the risk of suffering mental health conditions independent from familial (i.e.,dynastic effects) and demographic factors (i.e., assortative mating and population structure)?FindingsAlthough to some extend explained by familial and demographic factors, overall the protective effects of higher educational attainment remain robust.MeaningOur findings are consistent with those of previous observational studies, which suggests that higher educational attainment may causally reduce the risk of suffering a mental health condition.
LORE: A Literature Semantics Framework for Evidenced Disease-Gene Pathogenicity Prediction at Scale
Authors: Li Peng-Hsuan , Sun Yih-Yun , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Chen Chien-Yu , Tsai Huai-Kuang , Huang Jia-Hsin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEffective utilization of academic literature is crucial for Machine Reading Comprehension to generate actionable scientific knowledge for wide real-world applications. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for distilling knowledge from scientific articles, but they struggle with the issues of reliability and verifiability. Here, we propose LORE, a novel unsupervised two-stage reading methodology with LLM that models literature as a knowledge graph of verifiable factual statements and, in turn, as semantic embeddings in Euclidean space. Applied to PubMed abstracts for large-scale understanding of disease-gene relationships, LORE captures essential information of gene pathogenicity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that modeling a latent pathogenic flow in the semantic embedding with supervision from the ClinVar database leads to a 90% mean average precision in identifying relevant genes across 2,097 diseases. Finally, we have created a disease-gene relation knowledge graph with predicted pathogenicity scores, 200 times larger than the ClinVar database.