bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merchandise sales rank in professional sport
Authors: O'Reilly Norm , Foster George , Murray Ryan , Shimizu Carlos 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purchase drivers of merchandise sales rank in professional sport are examined at both a conceptual and an empirical level. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A database was constructed for all 30 clubs in the National Hockey League based on a conceptual model of relevant variables. Both public and private data sources were accessed, covering an extensive 12-season period (1999-2011), including the 2004-2005 lockout when the season was cancelled. Principal-components analysis was used to reduce the number of variables for regression analysis to distinguish relatedness and to gauge the influence of those variables on merchandise sales rank.

Findings
– The results reveal that six club-based factors impact merchandise sales rank: Overall Fan Satisfaction, Media Exposure, On-Field Performance, Strength of a Club’s Brand, Local Market Dynamics, and Fan Capacity to Pay. These six categories of purchase drivers form a strong predictive model of merchandise sales rank in the National Hockey League.

Research limitations/implications
– The resulting model could be extended in future research by adding extra categories to the conceptual framework and by developing alternative or better measures of the variables the authors use. It could also be tested with other sales data as the dependent variable since the study was limited to ranking data on merchandise data for the National Hockey League clubs for each year. Future research could use the actual merchandise dollars for each club in a league to test the model. A further extension would be to model subparts of merchandise (such as jersey sales, impacts of brand changes, etc.). A similar area of future research would be to look at the role of individual athletes as opposed to clubs in driving merchandise sales rank or volume.

Practical implications
– For managers in professional sport, the results suggest that there are steps that can be taken to improve merchandise sales rank (and, by extension, merchandise sales volume). Practitioners can develop and follow strategies in this regard. Results also suggest that practitioners should put the achievement of high Regional Television Ratings – the strongest influencing variable on merchandise sales rank – as a priority.

Social implications
– The results confirm that brand is important when attempting to increase merchandise sales rank. Club managers need to be cognizant of their brand and its impact on merchandising in all decisions.

Originality/value
– The business of professional sport is evolving globally with new sources of revenue, including merchandising increasing in prominence. This research explores the drivers of merchandise sales rank in professional sport and provide direction on key antecedents. The study proposes and tests a conceptual model.
The financial viability of the fitness industry in Belgium
Authors: Breesch Diane , Vos Steven , Scheerder Jeroen 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the fitness industry in Belgium is financially viable in its position as a growing commercial player within the framework of the European sport model where non-profit and public sport providers still have a strong impact.Design/methodology/approach– The authors evaluate the financial performance of the Belgian fitness industry using a time-trend analysis applying a cross-sectional research design for the years 2002 through 2007.Findings– The analysis shows that the Belgian fitness industry is not able to generate positive income figures despite large increases in sales revenues. In particular fitness chains generally accumulate losses. However, the Belgian fitness industry pursues an active investment policy resulting in high noncash expenses in depreciations negatively influencing accounting profit numbers. The operating cash flow generated by the Belgian fitness industry is, nevertheless, largely positive. Although no immediate liquidity problem exists, the fitness industry needs to improve its profitability in the long run in order to stay in business.Research limitations/implications– This study can be a starting point for further and more in depth financial performance evaluations of commercial actors in the field of sport. Differences and similarities between European countries should be investigated in order to generalize the findings.Practical implications– The conclusions could support regulators in policy decisions and business managers in strategic decisions relying on financial information in order to pilot their organization.Originality/value– Analyzing the financial performance of a sport industry at a national scale is challenging. However, this kind of analysis is not frequently performed for commercial sport providers such as the fitness industry. This is precisely where this paper wants to contribute.
The Institutional Effects of Incarceration: Spillovers From Criminal Justice to Health Care
Authors: SCHNITTKER JASON , UGGEN CHRISTOPHER , SHANNON SARAH K.S. , MCELRATH SUZY MAVES 
Published: September 2015

Policy Points:
The steady increase in incarceration is related to the quality and functioning of the health care system. US states that incarcerate a larger number of people show declines in overall access to and quality of care, rooted in high levels of uninsurance and relatively poor health of former inmates.
Providing health care to former inmates would ease the difficulties of inmates and their families. It might also prevent broader adverse spillovers to the health care system.
The health care system and the criminal justice system are related in real but underappreciated ways.
ContextThis study examines the spillover effects of growth in state‐level incarceration rates on the functioning and quality of the US health care system.MethodsOur multilevel approach first explored cross‐sectional individual‐level data on health care behavior merged to aggregate state‐level data regarding incarceration. We then conducted an entirely aggregate‐level analysis to address between‐state heterogeneity and trends over time in health care access and utilization.FindingsWe found that individuals residing in states with a larger number of former prison inmates have diminished access to care, less access to specialists, less trust in physicians, and less satisfaction with the care they receive. These spillover effects are deep in that they affect even those least likely to be personally affected by incarceration, including the insured, those over 50, women, non‐Hispanic whites, and those with incomes far exceeding the federal poverty threshold. These patterns likely reflect the burden of uncompensated care among former inmates, who have both a greater than average need for care and higher than average levels of uninsurance. State‐level analyses solidify these claims. Increases in the number of former inmates are associated simultaneously with increases in the percentage of uninsured within a state and increases in emergency room use per capita, both net of controls for between‐state heterogeneity.ConclusionsOur analyses establish an intersection between systems of care and corrections, linked by inadequate financial and administrative mechanisms for delivering services to former inmates.
Hands Tied with Bag Full of Books in Suicidal Hanging
Authors: Sikary Asit Kumar , Behera Chittaranjan , Murty Om Prakash , Rautji Ravi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHanging deaths associated with binding of limbs, masking of a face, and gagging are always suspicious. In suicidal hanging, the victim uses these added techniques to prevent him from backing out of his decision and to ensure death. However, binding of limbs and adding extra weight to the suspension in hanging are not reported. Herein, we report a case where the victim tied a bag containing books weighing 7 kg (15.4 lbs) to both his hands during hanging. The forensic specialist must be aware of the unusual presentation of suicidal hanging which may suggest foul play. The manner of death must be established after detailed analysis of circumstantial evidence, information obtained from the witnesses, complete autopsy, and toxicological examination.
Metallic Limus‐Eluting Stents Abluminally Coated with Biodegradable Polymers: Angiographic and Clinical Comparison of a Novel Ultra‐Thin Sirolimus Stent Versus Biolimus Stent in the DESTINY Randomized Trial
Authors: Lemos Pedro A. , Abizaid Alexandre A. C. , Meireles George C. , Sarmento‐Leite Rogério , Prudente Mauricio , Cantarelli Marcelo , Dourado Adriano D. , Mariani Jose , Perin Marco A. , Costantini Costantino , Costa Ricardo A. , Costa José Ribamar , Chamie Daniel , Campos Carlos A. , Ribeiro Expedito 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAimsTo evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with a new drug‐eluting stent formulation with low doses of sirolimus, built in an ultra‐thin‐strut platform coated with biodegradable abluminal coating.MethodsThis study is a randomized trial that tested the main hypothesis that the angiographic late lumen loss of the novel sirolimus‐eluting stent is noninferior compared with commercially available biolimus‐eluting stent. A final study population comprising 170 patients with one or two de novo lesions was randomized in the ratio 2:1 for sirolimus‐eluting stent or biolimus‐eluting stent, respectively. The primary endpoint was 9‐month angiographic in‐stent late lumen loss. Adverse clinical events were prospectively collected for 1 year.ResultsAfter 9 months, the novel sirolimus‐eluting stent was shown noninferior compared with the biolimus stent for the primary endpoint (angiographic in‐stent late lumen loss: 0.20 ± 0.29 mm vs. 0.15 ± 0.20 mm, respectively; P value for noninferiority <0.001). The 1‐year incidence of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stent thrombosis remained low and not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionsThe present randomized trial demonstrates that the tested novel sirolimus‐eluting stent was angiographically noninferior in comparison with a last‐generation biolimus‐eluting stent.
A Post‐GDP World? Rethinking International Politics in the 21st Century
Authors: Fioramonti Lorenzo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn contemporary politics, the power and status of a country are intimately connected with its economic wealth. In particular, GDP has become the benchmark by which the global pecking order is defined. Initially designed as a mere survey of a nation's income, GDP has become an ordering principle in international governance. Yet the convergence of socioeconomic, environmental and energy crises currently questions the sustainability of GDP maximization and its political relevance, strengthened by a growing consensus among policy makers and experts that GDP is an inadequate metric of economic success. As countries move beyond GDP and new indicators are introduced, the overall international political order may also change. In particular, some non‐G7 countries may emerge as global leaders in wellbeing, prosperity and sustainable development. We may be witnessing a gradual shift to a new Bretton Woods, possibly leading to a profound restructuring of globalization with the emergence of new forms of supranational regionalism in which more equitable and sustainable economies will play a leading role.
The discriminatory value of cardiorespiratory interactions in distinguishing awake from anaesthetised states: a randomised observational study
Authors: Kenwright D. A. , Bernjak A. , Draegni T. , Dzeroski S. , Entwistle M. , Horvat M. , Kvandal P. , Landsverk S. A. , McClintock P. V. E. , Musizza B. , Petrovčič J. , Raeder J. , Sheppard L. W. , Smith A. F. , Stankovski T. , Stefanovska A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryDepth of anaesthesia monitors usually analyse cerebral function with or without other physiological signals; non‐invasive monitoring of the measured cardiorespiratory signals alone would offer a simple, practical alternative. We aimed to investigate whether such signals, analysed with novel, non‐linear dynamic methods, would distinguish between the awake and anaesthetised states. We recorded ECG, respiration, skin temperature, pulse and skin conductivity before and during general anaesthesia in 27 subjects in good cardiovascular health, randomly allocated to receive propofol or sevoflurane. Mean values, variability and dynamic interactions were determined. Respiratory rate (p = 0.0002), skin conductivity (p = 0.03) and skin temperature (p = 0.00006) changed with sevoflurane, and skin temperature (p = 0.0005) with propofol. Pulse transit time increased by 17% with sevoflurane (p = 0.02) and 11% with propofol (p = 0.007). Sevoflurane reduced the wavelet energy of heart (p = 0.0004) and respiratory (p = 0.02) rate variability at all frequencies, whereas propofol decreased only the heart rate variability below 0.021 Hz (p < 0.05). The phase coherence was reduced by both agents at frequencies below 0.145 Hz (p < 0.05), whereas the cardiorespiratory synchronisation time was increased (p < 0.05). A classification analysis based on an optimal set of discriminatory parameters distinguished with 95% success between the awake and anaesthetised states. We suggest that these results can contribute to the design of new monitors of anaesthetic depth based on cardiovascular signals alone.
In‐parallel comparative evaluation between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate cancer antigen 3 and the prostate health index in predicting pathologically confirmed significant prostate cancer in men eligible for active surveillance
Authors: Porpiglia Francesco , Cantiello Francesco , De Luca Stefano , Manfredi Matteo , Veltri Andrea , Russo Filippo , Sottile Antonino , Damiano Rocco 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the performance capabilities of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), the prostate health index (PHI) and prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) in predicting the presence of pathologically confirmed significant prostate cancer (PCSPCa), according to the European Randomized Study of Screening Prostate Cancer definition, in a single cohort of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) but who were eligible for active surveillance (AS).Materials and MethodsAn observational retrospective study was performed in 120 patients with prostate cancer (PCa), treated with robot‐assisted RP but eligible for AS according to Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance criteria. Blood and urine specimens were collected before initial prostate biopsy for PHI and PCA3 measurements, respectively. In addition, all patients underwent mpMRI, preoperatively and 6–8 weeks after biopsy, with a 1.5T scanner using a four‐to‐five‐channel phase array coil combined with an endorectal coin. mpMRI images were assessed and diagrams showing the prostate sextants were used to designate regions of abnormality within the prostate. Prostate findings were assigned to one of five categories according to Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System guidelines (PI‐RADS) and considered positive for PCa if final PI‐RADS score was >3 and negative if ≤3.ResultsPathologically confirmed reclassification was observed in 55 patients (45.8%). mpMRI showed good specificity and negative predictive value (0.61 and 0.73, respectively) for excluding PCSPCa compared with the PHI and PCA3. On multivariate analyses and after 1 000 bootstrapping resampling, the inclusion of both mpMRI and the PHI significantly increased the accuracy of the base model in predicting PCSPCa. For the prediction of PCSPCa, in particular, the base model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 which significantly increased by 4% with the addition of the PHI (AUC = 0.75; P < 0.01) and by 7% with the addition of mpMRI (AUC = 0.78; P < 0.01). Decision‐curve analysis showed that the multivariable model with mpMRI had the highest net benefit.ConclusionIn a single cohort of patients who underwent RP but who were eligible for AS, mpMRI and, to a lesser extent, the PHI, had an important role in discriminating the presence of PCSPCa; both measures could therefore be useful in the selection and monitoring of patients undergoing AS.
Training in minimally invasive surgery in urology: European Association of Urology/International Consultation of Urological Diseases consultation
Authors: van der Poel Henk , Brinkman Willem , van Cleynenbreugel Ben , Kallidonis Panagiotis , Stolzenburg Jens‐Uwe , Liatsikos Evangelos , Ahmed Kamran , Brunckhorst Oliver , Khan Mohammed Shamim , Do Minh , Ganzer Roman , Murphy Declan G. , Van Rij Simon , Dundee Philip E. , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo describe the progress being made in training for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in urology.MethodsA group of experts in the field provided input to agree on recommendations for MIS training. A literature search was carried out to identify studies on MIS training, both in general and specifically for urological procedures.ResultsThe literature search showed the rapidly developing options for e‐learning, box and virtual training, and suggested that box training is a relatively cheap and effective means of improving laparoscopic skills. Development of non‐technical skills is an integral part of surgical skills training and should be included in training curricula. The application of modular training in surgical procedures showed more rapid skills acquisition. Training curricula for MIS in urology are being developed in both the USA and Europe.ConclusionTraining in MIS has shifted from ‘see‐one‐do‐one‐teach‐one’ to a structured learning, from e‐learning to skills laboratory and modular training settings.
Expression of G1/S‐cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Brasanac Dimitrije , Stojkovic‐Filipovic Jelena , Bosic Martina , Tomanovic Nada , Manojlovic‐Gacic Emilija 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundActinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ, SCCIS) are pre‐invasive stages in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsImmunohistochemical study of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p16INK4a and p21Cip1/Waf1 in AK (53 cases), SCCIS (16 cases) and SCC (40 cases), in relation to the type of the lesion and SCC prognostic parameters (grade, diameter and thickness).ResultsDiffuse cyclin D1 distribution was more frequent in SCCIS and SCC than in AK (p = 0.03) and similar pattern was observed for p16INK4a. For cyclin E, central distribution dominated in SCC compared with the AK (p = 0.001) and SCCIS (p = 0.03). p21Cip1/Waf1 displayed suprabasal distribution more frequently in AK than in SCCIS (p = 0.001) and SCC (p = 0.0004). Semiquantitative assessment showed more positive cells in AK (p = 0.04) and SCCIS (p = 0.04) than in SCC for cyclin E. SCC with diameter over 20 mm and those thicker than 6 mm revealed higher labeling index with p16INK4a and p21Cip1/Waf1, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest different alterations for p16INK4a and p21Cip1/Waf1 in AK, SCCIS and SCC. Immunostaining distribution showed closer correlation with the type of the lesion, whereas percentage of positive cells displayed better association with the SCC prognostic parameters.
Managing Haemophilia for Life: 5th Haemophilia Global Summit
Authors: Hermans Cedric , Dolan Gerry , Jennings Ian , Windyga Jerzy , Lobet Sébastien , Rodríguez‐Merchán E. Carlos , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Jiménez‐Yuste Víctor , O'Mahony Brian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe 5th Haemophilia Global Summit was held in Barcelona, Spain, in September 2014. The programme was designed by an independent Scientific Steering Committee of haemophilia experts and explored issues relevant to the practical management of haemophilia, as well as key opportunities and challenges for care in the future. The topics outlined in this supplement were selected by the Scientific Steering Committee for their relevance to improving haemophilia care globally. In this supplement from the meeting, Gerry Dolan explores pharmacokinetics and dynamics in haemophilia, and Gerry Dolan and Ian Jennings jointly address the role of the laboratory in haemophilia care. The potential benefits of low‐dose prophylaxis regimens for people with haemophilia in the developing world are reviewed by Jerzy Windyga, and the question of whether ‘Future haemophilia research should be undertaken in the developing world’ is debated by Jerzy Windyga and Cedric Hermans. Management strategies for ankle arthropathy are discussed by Sébastien Lobet and E. Carlos Rodríguez‐Merchán, and the use of ultrasound for the early detection of haemophilic arthropathy is addressed by Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno and Víctor Jiménez‐Yuste. Finally, the role of patients in the future of haemophilia care is reviewed by Brian O'Mahony.
Extreme events in running waters
Authors: Ledger Mark E. , Milner Alexander M. 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Extreme climatic events are a natural feature of climate variability and a major organising force in running waters. Climate change is shifting the occurrence of extremes, and understanding the far‐reaching consequences for river and stream ecosystems is a research priority.

The aim of this special issue is to unite research on the wide array of contrasting extreme events affecting river and stream ecosystems globally, including heat waves and hot days, fires, droughts, heavy rainfall and floods, tropical cyclones, storm surges and coastal flooding.

This issue contains reviews as well as observational and experimental case studies that assess the ecological impacts of extreme events at multiple levels of biological organisation, from individuals to ecosystems and food webs, in river and stream ecosystems from the poles to the tropics. Together, these papers synthesise knowledge of extreme events and their effects, identify research gaps and propose new hypotheses and approaches to guide future research.

The contributions reveal that impacts of single events such as catastrophic floods, droughts and heat waves are highly context dependent, ranging from deleterious to beneficial, and are contingent upon event magnitude, extent and timing relative to life cycles of constituent species. Not all extreme events generate extreme ecological impacts, but combinations of events that are cumulative, compound or cross key biological or physical thresholds may have the most adverse ecological consequences.

Long‐term monitoring programmes and sensor networks are essential in describing rare and usual events. Other approaches, including experiments, will be needed to gain a stronger mechanistic understanding of extreme events, and to predict and manage future events that may be more frequent and intense.