bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Rock Fatigue and Decreasing Compressive and Tensile Strength after Repeated Freeze‐Thaw Cycles
Authors: Jia Hailiang , Xiang Wei , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFrost action is believed to control rock slope erosion in cold environments and is a major driver of rockfall generation. While other frost weathering by ice segregation has been proved effective in previous laboratory studies, we investigate the effects of volumetric expansion on samples of sandstone because it is the best‐constrained process for quantifying damage. We conducted up to 17 freeze‐thaw cycles using 26 identical sandstone cylinders and repeatedly measured porosity, elastic moduli and compressive and tensile strength in the laboratory. To analyse the damage mechanism, we monitored strain during single freeze‐thaw cycles. In contrast to previous studies, both partially (50%) and highly (90%) water‐saturated samples display significant deformation during freeze‐thaw cycles. This indicates that rapid freezing in a non‐uniformly sized pore space can cause damage if only a portion of the pores is fully saturated. Compressive and tensile strength of highly saturated samples decreases by approximately 40 per cent and 95 per cent, respectively, over 17 freeze‐thaw cycles. Porosity increases by 80 per cent after three cycles and only by another 30 per cent in the next 14 cycles, indicating rock fatigue by destruction of the grain bonds. We introduce a generalised fatigue damage model, capable of comparing fatigue damage under different weathering regimes and in different rock types. We show how repeated frost action systematically causes rock fatigue and a major decrease in compressive and tensile strength of rocks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring the ultrafast control of quantum dot excitons using optical pulse shaping
Authors: Mathew Reuble , Hall Kimberley C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFemtosecond pulse shaping provides a means to tailor the interaction of light with matter, enabling the optimization of optical control processes and the achievement of a target final quantum state of the matter system. While this approach has found widespread application in the control of atomic and molecular systems, its use for solid state quantum systems remains in its infancy. This review covers our application of this approach to the manipulation of the quantum states of excitons in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The achievement of simultaneous π, 2π rotations on excitons in two different QDs using a single engineered infrared pulse illustrates the flexibility of the pulse shaping approach for solid state quantum systems. This versatility is further explored through simulations that show the feasibility of arbitrary SU(2) control of several quantum dots. Shaping of femtosecond infrared control pulses enables the demonstration of adiabatic rapid passage in a single QD on a subpicosecond time scale, representing a substantial speedup and an important step towards the realization of dynamical decoupling. The dependence of the exciton inversion efficiency on the sign of pulse chirp confirms the role of (and ability to control) phonon‐related dephasing. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zur Knittertragfähigkeit von Sandwichelementen unter lokaler Beanspruchung
Authors: Lübke Sebastian , Ungermann Dieter 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDie Knittertragfähigkeit von Sandwichelementen am Zwischenauflager wird durch lokale Eindrückungen infolge senkrechter Druck‐ und Sogauflagerlasten reduziert. In diesem Artikel wird ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Knittertragfähigkeit von Sandwichelementen unter lokaler Beanspruchung vorgestellt. Basierend auf umfangreichen Versuchsreihen und FE‐Analysen wird das Knitterproblem analytisch auf ein nicht‐lineares Spannungsproblem nach Theorie II. Ordnung zurückgeführt. Der traglastmindernde Einfluss der lokalen Beanspruchung wird dabei durch äquivalente geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen berücksichtigt, die für den Fall der punktuellen Lasteinleitung durch Schrauben (Sogverankerung) und linienförmigen Lasteinleitung (Druckauflager) vorgestellt werden. Abschließend wird auch die Möglichkeit eines schlankheitsabhängigen Nachweises mittels einer Knickspannungslinie vorgestellt.Wrinkling strength of sandwich panels subjected to localised loads. The wrinkling strength of sandwich panels is strongly influenced by local deformations at intermediate supports. In this paper a design procedure is presented to determine the wrinkling strength of sandwich panels subjected to localised loads. Therefore the wrinkling phenomenon is transferred into a non‐linear stability problem. The reduced load bearing capacity due to localised loads is considered by an approach of equivalent geometric imperfections, which is presented for point‐loads and line‐loads. The paper concludes with an alternative approach using a buckling‐curve for the wrinkling phenomena.
Untersuchungen zur Integration spezieller Stahlprofiltafeln in die Eurocodes
Authors: Ummenhofer Thomas , Ruff Daniel C. , Fauth Christian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAuf dem Gebiet des Metallleichtbaus ist im Laufe der letzten Jahre eine Vielzahl von neuen innovativen Profiltypen entwickelt worden. Zudem wurde der Anwendungsbereich bestehender Profiltypen erweitert. Dies ist auf eine wachsende Nachfrage nach architektonisch ansprechenden und gleichzeitig nachhaltigen Produkten zurückzuführen. Für diese neuen speziellen Profiltypen und Anwendungsbereiche existieren nur vereinzelt und zum Teil in ihrer Anwendung sehr eingeschränkte Bemessungskonzepte. Im Rahmen eines aktuell an der Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), in Kooperation mit den Projektpartnern Syndicat National du Profilage des Produits plats en Acier (SNPPA), Bacacier Profilage SAS, Société Bretonne de Profilage SAS (Joris Ide), Ingenieurbüro für Leichtbau (IFL) und Sokol Palisson Consultants SARL, durchgeführten europäischen Forschungsprojekts werden auf Basis experimenteller und numerischer Untersuchungen die Grundlagen für die Erweiterung der bestehenden spezifischen technischen Regelwerke geschaffen. Ziel ist die Erarbeitung von Richtlinien und Empfehlungen sowie Bemessungskonzepten für spezielle dünnwandige kaltgeformte Stahlprofile. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das Forschungsprojekt und die zu untersuchenden Profile.Investigations on the integration of special profiled steel sheets in the Eurocodes. In the field of lightweight metal structures, a wide range of new innovative profile types has been developed over the past years. In addition, the application field of profile types has been enlarged. This can be attributed to the growing request for architecturally appealing and simultaneously sustainable products. For these special new profile types and application fields there are only occasionally and partly very limited design concepts in their application. Within the scope of a current European research project at the Research Center for Steel, Timber and Masonry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), performed in cooperation with the project partners Syndicat National du Profilage des Produits Plats en Acier (SNPPA), Bacacier Profilage SAS, Société Bretonne de Profilage SAS (Joris Ide), Ingenieurbüro für Leichtbau (IFL) and Sokol Palisson Consultants SARL, the fundamentals for the enlargement of existing specific technical regulations are created on the basis of experimental and numerical investigations. The objective is the elaboration of regulations and recommendations as well as design concepts for special thin‐walled cold‐formed steel profiles. This article gives an overview of the research project and the profiles to be examined.
Sandwichelemente unter Brandeinwirkung
Authors: Schmied Jürgen , Ruff Daniel C. , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSandwichelemente erfüllen unter Brandbeanspruchung abhängig von ihrer Zusammensetzung unterschiedliche Anforderungen. Für die Auswahl und Anwendung ist eine Klassifizierung des Brandverhaltens und der Feuerwiderstandsklasse erforderlich. Diese Klassifizierung hat sich aufgrund der Öffnung des europäischen Binnenmarktes und der damit verbundenen Vereinheitlichung der Regularien in den letzten Jahren wesentlich geändert. Neben der Erläuterung der aktuellen Situation wird Bezug auf die derzeit in Deutschland verwendeten Regeln genommen. Abschließend werden Entwicklungstendenzen aufgezeigt.Sandwich panels under exposure to fire – an inventory. Depending on their composition, sandwich panels fulfil different requirements under exposure to fire. For the use and selection of the right type, it is necessary to have a classification according to material class and fire resistance. In recent years, this classification has changed due to the opening of the Single European Market and the related standardization of the regulations. Additionally to the explanation of the current situation, reference is given to the rules which were used in Germany so far and future trends are shown.
Phosphorene: what can we know from computations?
Authors: Jing Yu , Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhen 
Published: November 2015

The past year has witnessed the fast growth of investigations on monolayer and few‐layer black phosphorous, termed as ‘phosphorene.’ The intrinsic mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of phosphorene, which have mainly been revealed by computations, endow it with significant potential applications to the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. In this overview, we summarize the computational investigations on phosphorene from aspects of inherent quality, properties, potential applications, and new allotropes, and manage to interpret what we can know about phosphorene from computations. We hope that this overview would help better understand phosphorene and provide guidance for experimental and computational colleagues to further investigate phosphorene and other novel two‐dimensional materials. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:5–19. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1234This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Using Transcutaneous Laryngeal Ultrasonography (TLUSG) to Assess Post‐thyroidectomy Patients’ Vocal Cords: Which Maneuver Best Optimizes Visualization and Assessment Accuracy?
Authors: Wong Kai‐Pun , Woo Jung‐Woo , Li Jason Yu‐Yin , Lee Kyu Eun , Youn Yeo Kyu , Lang Brian Hung‐Hin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo assess vocal cord (VC) movement with transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound (TLUSG), three maneuvers, namely passive (quiet respiration), active (phonation), and Valsalva maneuvers have been described. It remains unclear which maneuver or using more maneuvers provides better visualization and assessment accuracy. We prospectively evaluated 342 post‐thyroidectomy patients from two centers. They underwent TLUSG with direct laryngoscopic (DL) validation afterwards. During TLUSG, patients were instructed to perform all three maneuvers (passive, active, and Valsalva). VC visualization rate and accuracy between three maneuvers were compared. Visualization rate tended to be higher in Valsalva maneuver than that in other two maneuvers (92.1 % vs. passive: 91.5 %; active: 89.8 %). While 19 patients had post‐operative VC palsy, passive maneuver had lower test specificity than active (94.3 vs. 97.6 %, p = 0.01) and Valsalva maneuvers (94.3 vs. 97.4 %, p = 0.02). In assessable VCs, passive maneuver has a higher ability to differentiate between mobile VCs and VC palsy (Area under ROC curve—passive: 0.942, active: 0.863, Valsalva: 0.893). TLUSG with more maneuvers did not improve sensitivity or specificity. On applying TLUSG as a screening tool (i.e., only selected patient with “unassessable” VCs or VCP on TLUSG for DL), Valsalva maneuver (85.96 %) saved more patients from DL than passive (81.87 %) or active (84.81 %) maneuver. Passive maneuver has a higher ability to differentiate VC palsy from normal. Using TLUSG as a screening tool, Valsalva was the preferred maneuver as it was more specific, had high visualization rate, and saved more patients from DL.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Liberations and Reconstructions: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Dzodic Radan , Markovic Ivan , Santrac Nada , Buta Marko , Djurisic Igor , Lukic Silvana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy rates vary from 0.5 to 10 %, even 20 % in thyroid cancer surgery. The aim of this paper was to present our experience with RLN liberations and reconstructions after various mechanisms of injury.MethodsPatients were treated in our institution from year 2000 to 2015. First group (27 patients) had large benign goiters, locally advanced thyroid/parathyroid carcinomas, or incomplete previous surgery of malignant thyroid disease. Second group (5 patients) had reoperations due to RLN paralysis on laryngoscopy. Liberations and reconstructions of injured RLNs were performed.ResultsSurgical exploration of central compartment enabled identification of the RLN injury mechanism. Liberations were performed in 11 patients, 2 months to 16 years after RLN injury, by removing misplaced ligations. Immediate or delayed (18 months to 23 years) RLN reconstructions were performed in 21 patients, by direct suture or ansa cervicalis‐to‐RLN anastomosis (ARA). RLN liberation provided complete voice recovery within 3 weeks in all patients. Patients with direct sutures had better phonation 1 month after reconstruction. Improved phonation was observed 2–6 months after ARA in 43 % of patients.ConclusionsVocal cords do not regain normal movement once being paralyzed after RLN transection, but they restore tension during phonation by reconstruction. Nerve liberation is a useful method which enables patients with RLN paresis/paralysis a significant improvement in phonation, even complete voice recovery. Reinnervation of vocal cords, using one of the mentioned techniques, should be a standard in thyroid and parathyroid surgery, with aim to improve quality of patient’s life.
Geographic patterns of predator niche breadth and prey species richness
Authors: Milana Giuliano , Lai Manuela , Maiorano Luigi , Luiselli Luca , Amori Giovanni 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMost dietary studies on predator species available in the literature are based on single populations, with no meta‐analysis across populations in distinct areas of their range. Here, we performed a systematic review of the available data on the food habits of barn owl (Tyto alba) across Italy, collected during the last 40 years in relation to the modeled patterns of richness of small mammal communities. The overall dataset came from 212 sites, with multiple surveys for some sites, and a total of 279 samples. There was a significant effect of sample size on niche breadth in each site. There was a significant difference in terms of dietary breadth among six distinct areas of Italy, with diet breadth being lower in Sardinia and higher in Latium‐Abruzzi, Tuscany, and North‐eastern Italy. Potential small mammal prey diversity was significantly different across distinct study sites, with Apulia and Sardinia having lower diversity than the rest of the sites. Potential small mammal prey diversity affected the niche breadth per site. Overall, the plasticity of the food niche breadth of the barn owl reflected not only local conditions but also more general distribution patterns of small mammal communities.
Assessment of the quality of clinical documentation in India's JSY cash transfer program for facility births in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Chaturvedi Sarika , Randive Bharat , Raven Joanna , Diwan Vishal , De Costa Ayesha 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo gain insight into the quality of care in facilities implementing the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) cash transfer program in Madhya Pradesh, India, by reviewing the level of documentation in the clinical records of women who delivered.MethodsThe present retrospective, descriptive study reviewed case records of women who delivered at 73 primary, secondary, and tertiary level facilities in three districts of Madhya Pradesh between 2012 and 2013. Twenty elements of care were assessed encompassing clinical history and admission details, care during delivery and postnatal period, and discharge details.ResultsA total of 1239 records were reviewed. The extent of documentation varied among the elements assessed—e.g. 24 (1.9%) records documented advice at discharge, 171 (13.8%) documented postnatal blood pressure, 437 (35.3%) documented fetal heart rate, and 1220 (98.5%) documented admission date. The extent of documentation was better at higher level facilities.ConclusionThe quality of clinical documentation in the JSY program was found to be unacceptably poor in Madhya Pradesh. Improving staff skills and practices in clinical documentation and record keeping will be required to enable clinical processes to be assessed and quality of care to be improved.
A hybrid approach for character modeling using geometric primitives and shape-from-shading algorithm
Authors: Kazmi Ismail Khalid , You Lihua , Zhang Jian Jun 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Organic modeling of 3D characters is a challenging task when it comes to correctly modeling the anatomy of the human body. Most sketch based modeling tools available today for modeling organic models (humans, animals, creatures etc) are focused towards modeling base mesh models only and provide little or no support to add details to the base mesh. We propose a hybrid approach which combines geometrical primitives such as generalized cylinders and cube with Shape-from-Shading (SFS) algorithms to create plausible human character models from sketches. The results show that an artist can quickly create detailed character models from sketches by using this hybrid approach.
Association between hematologic parameters and in‐hospital mortality in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Zencir Cemil , Akpek Mahmut , Senol Sebnem , Selvi Mithat , Onay Sevil , Cetin Mustafa , Akgullu Cagdas , Elbi Huseyin , Gungor Hasan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEarly and accurate risk prediction is an important clinical demand in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an independent predictor of worse prognosis in various cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the value of PLR in the prediction of in‐hospital mortality among IE patients. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data of 59 adult patients with definite IE and in 40 adult controls. In‐hospital mortality occurred in 16 (27%) patients. Vegetation size, levels of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and PLR were significantly higher in the in‐hospital‐mortality‐positive group than in the in‐hospital‐mortality‐negative group (p = 0.004, p = 0.009, p = 0.030, p = 0.001, and p = 0.008, respectively). Lymphocyte count was, however, significantly lower in the in‐hospital‐mortality‐positive group (p = 0.004). In the receiver‐operating characteristic analysis, PLRs over 191.01 predicted in‐hospital mortality with 56.3% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity [area under the curve 0.725, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.594–0.833; p = 0.0027]. In the multivariate analysis, PLR was found to be an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality in patients with IE (odds ratio 1.022, 95% CI 1.003–1.042; p = 0.021). In conclusion, higher PLR may predict in‐hospital mortality in patients with IE.
Late Pleistocene glaciations in southern East Sayan and detection of MIS 2 terminal moraines based on beryllium (10Be) dating of glacier complexes
Authors: Arzhannikov S.G. , Braucher R. , Jolivet M. , Arzhannikova A.V. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Analysis and summary of publications on southern East Sayan, eastern Tuva, and northern Mongolia have shown that the late Pleistocene glaciation covered a large area and had a complicated dynamics of glacier advance and retreat. Starting with MIS 5, the Todza Basin and, partly, the Oka Plateau, Azas Volcanic Plateau, Mondy Basin, and river valleys in southern East Sayan were periodically covered with ice. The thickness of ice in the eastern Todza Basin was 700 m, on the Azas Volcanic Plateau it reached 300–600 m, and in the valleys of southern East Sayan it is estimated as 700–800 m. The thickness of ice in the Mondy Basin was 300–350 m.
Geological and geomorphological studies and isotope surface exposure dating (10Be method) of boulders from terminal moraine complexes have provided evidence for extensive MIS 2 glacier advance in the Mondy Basin and in the Sentsa, Jombolok, and Sailag river valleys (southern East Sayan). The average age of exposure for three groups of samples is 14, 16, and 22 ka.
An Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer of Traveling Airborne Water Droplets in Cold Environment
Authors: Chuah Y.-K. , Lin J.-T. , Yu K.-H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results on rapid freezing of water droplets injected into a low temperature environment. A heat balance method was applied to determine the ratio of the water droplets frozen at the collection after the airborne time. The experimental results show that rapid freezing of water droplets could be achieved within three seconds of airborne time. Droplet size distribution of the frozen water droplets after collection was estimated. Heat transfer during the airborne time was calculated with consideration of the droplet size distribution. At attempt was taken to compare the heat transfer obtained with some previous studies on heat transfer of spherical objects in air. The research results show that droplet size distribution is important for the prediction of heat transfer of water droplets traveling in air. The results presented in this study contribute to the understanding of heat transfer of water droplets injected into a low temperature air.
Irregularity of energy intake at meals: prospective associations with the metabolic syndrome in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort
Authors: Pot Gerda K. , Hardy Rebecca , Stephen Alison M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIrregularity in eating patterns could be a potential cardiometabolic risk factor. We aimed to study the associations of irregular intake of energy at meals in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors 10 and 17 years later. Variability of energy intake data – derived from 5-d estimated diet diaries of cohort members of the National Survey for Health and Development collected at ages 36 (n1416), 43 (n1505) and 53 years (n1381) – was used as a measure for irregularity. Associations between meal irregularity scores with cardiometabolic risk factors measured 10 and 17 years later were investigated using linear mixed models and logistic regression models. The results showed that irregularity scores changed significantly over the years (P<0·05). At age 36 years, subjects with a more irregular intake of energy at lunch (OR 1·42; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·91) and between meals (OR 1·35; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·82) had an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome 17 years later; at lunch was also associated with an increased waist circumference (OR 1·58; 95 % 1·27, 1·96) and TAG levels (OR 1·33; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·72). At age 43 years, subjects with a more irregular intake at breakfast had an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome 10 years later (OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·15, 2·04), as well as an increased BMI (OR 1·66; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·10), waist circumference (OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·23, 1·90) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1·42; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·78). In conclusion, subjects with a more irregular intake of energy, mostly at breakfast and lunch, appeared to have an increased cardiometabolic risk 10 and 17 years later.