bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Street pastors as substitutes for trust in the context of plural policing
Authors: Swann Rachel , Green Alison , Johns Nick , Sloan Luke 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the work of the Street Pastors, a Christian organisation offering support to people in the night time economy (NTE), through the perceptions of students. The role played by this organisation is becoming more important as a shift from policing “by”, “through” and “beyond” to policing from “below” occurs (Jones and Lister, 2015). While the Street Pastors would not regard themselves as “police agents” there is undoubtedly a close connection albeit with geographical variation (Johnset al., 2009b). An evaluation of their activities and of public attitudes particularly around issues of trust is therefore important.Design/methodology/approach– An online survey using the university’s student “portal” invited students to participate. A small incentive was offered, in the form of a prize draw for £50 worth of shopping vouchers. The survey took place during the first part of the Spring term during 2012 (January and February). The study analyses the 361 responses in reference to their knowledge of the Street Pastors, whether they had any “interactions” with them and whether they were regular users of the NTE.Findings– Overwhelmingly respondents were either positive or completely ambivalent about the Street Pastors. The responses to the attitude statements indicated that the Street Pastors are seen as “independent” of police officers. The links between Street Pastors and crime reduction are not clear, however, respondents agreed that the Street Pastors did contribute to safety in the city.Research limitations/implications– There are more than 20,000 students in the city and the findings can therefore be seen as tentative and indicative rather than generalisable to the entire student population. With the increasing emphasis on community involvement in “policing”, the findings from the research does suggest that the street pastor’s voluntary patrols are beneficial in terms of enhancing perceptions of safety.Practical implications– Street Pastors do have an important role in the policing of the NTE, from handing out water and flip flops to comforting those who are in distress. Within the broader “police family” their role can then make a positive contribution to the practical challenges associated with a volatile environment.Social implications– The NTE is associated with considerable public health and safety issues and the contribution of a voluntary group to easing some of these problems is significant. Whilst their presence is not entirely unproblematic, particularly in raising questions of accountability, their activities could be argued to contribute to the well-being of revellers.Originality/value– Research on policing “below” the level of the state is street pastors is an under-explored area. Street pastors have attracted very little attention despite their being a large organisation that are a feature of NTEs throughout the UK.
Policing “uncontrollable banshees”: factors influencing arrest decision making
Authors: Young Suzanne 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence police officers’ decision making when dealing with young women considered violent.Design/methodology/approach– Semi-structured interviews were carried out with frontline police officers in Scotland on their experiences of responding to incidents where young women displayed violence.Findings– The police officers clearly distinguished encounters with women using violence from those with young men, portraying young women as irrational, unpredictable and uncontrollable. The research found that while gender alone was not a determining factor for arrest, police officers did stereotype young women according to gender norms and these norms could have a bearing on decision making. The findings show that police officers prefer to respond to situations with male perpetrators due to their own difficulties effectively communicating with young women, who are often under the influence of alcohol.Research limitations/implications– The research indicates that police officers, regardless of their gender, have difficulties handling violent incidents that involve young women. This provides scope for further analysis of police training to ascertain whether sufficient guidance is provided to fully equip police officers when faced with aggressive young women. This study focused on police officers’ own views and experiences but future research could consider a more ethnographic approach to observe police decision making in practice to determine whether the stereotypes portrayed were a true reflection of their experiences.Originality/value– This is one of only a very few studies that has explored the relation between gender and arrest decision making. It enhances the understanding of how young women come to be arrested and indicates how police officers are currently ill equipped to effectively respond to young women considered violent.
Behavior profiling: implications for recruitment and team building
Authors: Wilsher Simon 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to address the role of behavior profiling in personnel recruitment and selection and how managers would benefit by using behavior assessment. Psychometric tests that measure cognitive ability and behavioral traits are regularly used to support management decisions in recruitment, team building and leadership development. But are they effective as a determinant of hiring and can their use be justified?

Design/methodology/approach
– The relationship between personality and job performance has been studied frequently in business psychology, particularly so in the past 20 years. This paper sets out by discussing the advent of personality profiling and exploring the advances made to where we are today with behavior assessment tests. It addresses the views of academics and the use of behavior assessment in the corporate setting.

Findings
– There are many studies that document the validity of cognitive ability tests and personality/behavior profiling as predictors of work performance. Of the numerous procedures used for recruitment and selection, two combinations – general mental ability (cognitive ability or GMA) plus an integrity test (personality profiling) and GMA plus a structured interview – have the highest multivariate validity and utility for job performance. Behavior profiling is an effective determinant of hiring.

Practical implications
– Adopting personnel selection methods with high predictive validity ensures that managers can make decisions with a stronger degree of certainty and confidence. Using behavior profiling in conjunction with cognitive ability measures and sound interview techniques maximizes the predictive power of the selection process.

Social implications
– Behavior assessment tests should also benefit those taking the test by providing a facility that conveys important issues about their personality and behavior. This will allow them to discover areas that need to be addressed to make positive changes within themselves to achieve their ultimate goals in life, both personal and career.

Originality/value
– This paper addresses, among other things, the research of several people into the use of personality measures in personnel selection. The paper will benefit all those involved with recruitment, team building and leadership development by improving their understanding of the use of behavior assessment tests.
Survival lessons from a dying Kingfisher
Authors: Pathak Atul Arun 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This article focuses on the lessons that can be learnt from the bankruptcy of Kingfisher airlines (KFA).

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper explores the key reasons behind the failure of KFA. It follows the strategic decisions and actions that KFA took over its lifespan. It highlights the key mistakes that it made and how these ultimately contributed to its demise. It recommends the strategies that other companies can follow to avoid the same fate as KFA.

Findings
– KFA made many strategic blunders. It frequently and needlessly changed its business model. It unnecessarily spent on providing offerings that customers did not value. It was strategically blinded by the flamboyance of its owner. In addition, it took too long to read the writing on the wall. Even when clear signals were available of the impending crisis it faced, KFA showed limited urgency to resolve the issues.

Practical implications
– Companies need to focus on a sharp business model and not try to be everything for everyone. Companies that gain valuable insight of what its customers value and design their business model to satisfy these requirements have higher chance of survival.

Social implications
– It concedes that airlines need to balance the interests of multiple stakeholders. These include its owners, managers, employees, customers, regulators and suppliers. KFA was unable to do this consistently and hence could not survive in the dynamic airlines industry in India.

Originality/value
– The paper considers the context of the highly dynamic airline industry in India. It is an industry where new competitors are entering, regulatory changes are frequent and industry profitability is low. In such a scenario, companies such as KFA who do not have a consistent and coherent strategy find it difficult to survive. It provides insights into the challenges faced and recommends strategies for the companies to follow so as to improve their chances of long-term survival.
PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway dual inhibitor BEZ235 suppresses the stemness of colon cancer stem cells
Authors: Chen Jiezhong , Shao Renfu , Li Feng , Monteiro Michael , Liu Jun‐Ping , Xu Zhi Ping , Gu Wenyi 
Published: September 2015

SummaryColon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality. A major issue in colon cancer treatment is drug‐resistance and metastasis that have been ascribed to the cancer stem cells. In this study, colon cancer stem cells were isolated through sphere culture and verified with the cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD44, and CD24. It was demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway was highly activated in the colon cancer stem cells and that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by the inhibitor BEZ235 suppressed the colon cancer stem cell proliferation with reduced stemness indicated by CD133 and Lgr5 expressions. Treatment with insulin as a known activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway increased CD133 expression and decreased the effects of BEZ235 on colon cancer proliferation and survival. The data presented here collectively suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway underpins the stemness of colon cancer stem cells and BEZ235 is potentially a good drug candidate for treatment of colon cancer drug resistance and metastasis.
Impacts of glucosamine/oligochitosan glycation and cross‐linking by transglutaminase on the structure and in vitro antigenicity of whey proteins
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Hua , Liu Jia‐Qi , Xu Di , Zhao Xin‐Huai 
Published: September 2015

With the fixed and selected conditions, whey protein concentrate (WPC) was glucosamine‐/oligochitosan‐glycated and cross‐linked by transglutaminase, resulting in glucosamine conjugation of 4.18–5.88 g/kg. Electrophoretic analysis showed cross‐linking and glycation of whey proteins, while circular dichroism analysis indicated that the two reactions contributed less ordered secondary structure to the two products. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the two products lost 64–95% antigenic responses of WPC, and oligochitosan was more powerful than glucosamine to reduce the responses. Rocket immuno‐electrophoretic analysis also evidenced antigenicity loss. This applied treatment is efficient to modify the structure and to decrease the allergenicity of whey proteins.
Effect of Mini‐Tyrosyl‐tRNA Synthetase/Mini‐Tryptophanyl‐tRNA Synthetase on Angiogenesis in Rhesus Monkeys after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zeng Rui , Wang Mian , You Gui‐ying , Yue Rong‐zheng , Chen Yu‐cheng , Zeng Zhi , Liu Rui , Qiang Ou , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAimsThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of mini‐tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase/mini‐tryptophanyl‐tRNA synthetase (mini‐TyrRS/mini‐TrpRS) in ischemic angiogenesis in rhesus monkeys with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsA 27‐gauge needle was incorporated percutaneously into the left ventricular myocardium of rhesus monkeys with AMI. All monkeys were randomized to receive adenoviral vector mini‐TyrRS/mini‐TrpRS, which was administered as five injections into the infarcted myocardium, or saline or ad‐null (control groups). The injections were guided by EnSite NavX left ventricular electroanatomical mapping. Mini‐TyrRS/mini‐TrpRS proteins were detected by Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses. Microvessel density (MVD) per section was measured using immunostaining with a CD34 monoclonal antibody. Proliferating cardiomyocytes were identified through histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Myocardial perfusion and cardiac function were estimated by G‐SPECT. Infarction size was also measured.ResultsWestern blot analyses showed that compared to the normal zone, the expression level of mini‐TyrRS/mini‐TrpRS was significantly different in the infarction zone. G‐SPECT analysis indicated that the mini‐TyrRS group had better cardiac function and myocardial perfusion after the injection of ad‐mini‐TyrRS than before, while mini‐TrpRS injection had a totally opposite effect. After mini‐TyrRS was administered, there was less of an infarction zone and more proliferating cardiomyocytes and capillaries in the mini‐TyrRS group compared to both of the control groups, and the ad‐mini‐TrpRS group had a totally opposite effect.ConclusionThese results indicated that angiogenesis could be either stimulated by mini‐TyrRS or inhibited by mini‐TrpRS.
Can we improve the prediction of pouch of Douglas obliteration in women with suspected endometriosis using ultrasound‐based models? A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Reid Shannon , Lu Chuan , Condous George 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionA negative “sliding sign” during transvaginal sonography (TVS) is associated with pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration at laparoscopy in women with suspected endometriosis. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate mathematical ultrasound models to determine whether a combination of TVS markers could improve the prediction of POD obliteration as compared with the TVS “sliding sign” alone.Material and methodsMulticenter prospective observational study. In all, 189 women (100 in the training set and 89 in the test set) with suspected endometriosis underwent pre‐operative TVS and laparoscopy. More than 50 historical, clinical and TVS end points were recorded for analysis. Univariate/multivariate analysis was performed to determine significant TVS variables associated with POD obliteration at laparoscopy. Two logistic regression models were developed on a training set: POD1 – posterior compartment deep infiltrating endometriosis, right ovarian fixation, negative “sliding sign” (i.e. POD obliteration); and POD2 model – unilateral ovarian fixation, unilateral endometrioma, negative “sliding sign.” The two models were then applied to a test set to predict POD obliteration. POD1/POD2 performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (probability cut‐off value at 0.5) and compared with “sliding sign” alone for prediction of POD obliteration.ResultsRespective values for POD1 vs. POD2 vs. “sliding sign” alone for training/test sets: accuracy – 96/96% vs. 93/97% vs. 93/97%; sensitivity – 93/88% vs. 83/88% vs. 83/88%; specificity – 97/97% vs. 97/99% vs. 97/99%; positive predictive value – 93/88% vs. 93/94% vs. 93/94%; negative predictive ratio – 97/97% vs. 93/97% vs. 93/97%; positive likelihood ratio – 32.7/32.2 vs. 29.2/63.5 vs. 29.2/63.5; negative likelihood ratio – 0.07/0.12 vs. 0.17/0.12 vs. 0.17/0.12.ConclusionsIncorporation of TVS markers such as bowel endometriosis, endometrioma and ovarian fixation into mathematical models does not appear to improve the prediction of POD obliteration as compared with the TVS “sliding sign” alone.
Neonatal outcomes after the obstetric near‐miss events uterine rupture, abnormally invasive placenta and emergency peripartum hysterectomy – prospective data from the 2009–2011 Finnish NOSS study
Authors: Jakobsson Maija , Tapper Anna‐Maija , Palomäki Outi , Ojala Kati , Pallasmaa Nanneli , Ordén Maija‐Riitta , Gissler Mika 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionNeonatal outcomes after the maternal obstetric near‐miss complications of uterine rupture, abnormally invasive placenta, and emergency peripartum hysterectomy were assessed.Material and methodsThis case‐control study was conducted as part of the Nordic Obstetric Surveillance Study (NOSS). Data on 211 newborns from 197 deliveries in which an obstetric near‐miss complication was involved, were collected prospectively from April 2009 to August 2011 from all Finnish delivery units via questionnaires. Missing cases were obtained from national health registers and confirmed by the clinics. Control populations consisted of all other children born during the same period of time in the Finnish Medical Birth Register (n = 147 551).ResultsThe number of stillbirths in this cohort was high [n = 8, 3.8% vs. 0.3% among controls, odds ratio (OR) 12.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.32–24.9]. In addition, there were two neonatal deaths. The majority of cases (n = 8, 80%) were connected to uterine rupture. The risk of severe birth asphyxia diagnosis was increased compared with controls (n = 17, 8.1% vs. 0.1%, OR 137, 95% CI 82.7–226). A low umbilical artery pH (<7.05) was also observed among these neonates (28.8% vs. 1.0%, OR 28.7, 95% CI 21.5–38.2). Post‐term pregnancies were relatively common among the uterine rupture cases. Adverse neonatal outcomes in the AIP and emergency peripartum hysterectomy cases were associated with preterm deliveries.ConclusionsThe prospective data collected from clinicians, combined with the information gathered from national health registers, provided valuable insights into rare maternal near‐miss cases. These complications also predisposed stillbirth and neonatal death. In this study, 75% of fetal losses were associated with uterine rupture.
Comparison of methods of morcellation: manual versus power
Authors: Moawad Gaby N. , Abi Khalil Elias D. , Opoku‐Anane Jessica , Marfori Cherie Q. , Harman Alice C. , Fisher Steven , Levy Matt , Robinson James K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionWith the growing controversy surrounding power morcellation (PM), other approaches must be examined so that women may still benefit from minimally invasive gynecologic surgeries. In this study we sought to compare power morcellation to manual morcellation through mini‐laparotomy or vaginally.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort study carried out at an urban teaching hospital including 274 women who underwent a minimally invasive myomectomy or hysterectomy, requiring morcellation for tissue extraction. Surgical outcomes were compared between PM, manual morcellation through mini‐laparotomy (MMM) and manual morcellation through the vagina (MMV). Primary outcome measured was operative time. Secondary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsCompared with PM, MMM was associated with shorter operative time for hysterectomy, (140.5 min vs. 164.2 min, p = 0.05). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were similar among groups. There were four postoperative complications in the MMV group, one related to blood transfusion and three related to postoperative vaginal cuff and pelvic infections.ConclusionCompared with PM, MMM is associated with shorter operative time during hysterectomies. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were similar among groups.
Modulating of ocular inflammation with macrophage migration inhibitory factor is associated with notch signalling in experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Yang H , Zheng S , Mao Y , Chen Z , Zheng C , Li H , Sumners C , Li Q , Yang P , Lei B 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine whether macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) could exaggerate inflammatory response in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and to explore the underlying mechanism. Mutant serotype 8 adeno-associated virus (AAV8) (Y733F)-chicken β-actin (CBA)-MIF or AAV8 (Y733F)-CBA-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) vector was delivered subretinally into B10.RIII mice, respectively. Three weeks after vector delivery, EAU was induced with a subcutaneous injection of a mixture of interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) peptide with CFA. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Retinal function was evaluated with electroretinography (ERG). We found that the expression of MIF and its two receptors CD74 and CD44 was increased in the EAU mouse retina. Compared to AAV8.CBA.eGFP-injected and untreated EAU mice, the level of proinflammatory cytokines, the expression of Notch1, Notch4, delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD) and hairy enhancer of split-1 (Hes-1) increased, but the ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes decreased in AAV8.CBA.MIF-injected EAU mice. The Notch inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) reduced the expression of NICD, Hes-1 and proinflammatory cytokines. Further, a MIF antagonist ISO-1 attenuated intraocular inflammation, and inhibited the differentiation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 in EAU mice. We demonstrated that over-expression of MIF exaggerated ocular inflammation, which was associated with the activation of the Notch signalling. The expression of both MIF and its receptors are elevated in EAU mice. Over-expression of MIF exaggerates ocular inflammation, and this exaggerated inflammation is associated with the activation of the Notch signalling and Notch pathway. Our data suggest that the MIF–Notch axis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EAU. Both the MIF signalling pathways may be promising targets for developing novel therapeutic interventions for uveitis.