bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of DHA‐enriched phospholipids and EPA‐enriched phospholipids on metabolic disorders in diet‐induced‐obese C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Cui Jie , Li Zhaojie , Xu Jie , Wang Jingfeng , Xue Changhu , Wang Yuming 
Published: December 2013

Recent reports have shown that n‐3 PUFA‐enriched phospholipids have various beneficial effects. The proportion of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the phospholipids might affect their biological functions. In the present study, marine DHA‐enriched phospholipids (DHA‐PL) and EPA‐enriched phospholipids (EPA‐PL) were administered to high fat (HF) diet‐induced obese C57BL/6J mice for 8 weeks to compare their effects on obesity‐related metabolic disorders. DHA‐PL and EPA‐PL significantly decreased epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue weights, reduced blood pressures and lowered serum and hepatic triacylglycerol levels in HF diet‐induced obese mice. Serum insulin, MCP‐1 and IL‐6 levels were also efficiently reduced by treatment with DHA‐PL and EPA‐PL. The anti‐obesity and lipid‐lowering effects of EPA‐PL were superior to DHA‐PL, while DHA‐PL exhibited better anti‐hypertension effects than EPA‐PL. The effects of DHA‐PL and EPA‐PL on glucose intolerance and inflammation were basically equivalent. DHA‐PL and EPA‐PL up‐regulated genes involved in insulin‐sensitizing actions in the adipose tissue and suppressed hepatic SREBP‐1c mediated lipogenesis. EPA‐PL also significantly activated PPARα mediated fatty acid β‐oxidation in the liver. These results indicate that DHA‐PL and EPA‐PL could efficaciously alleviate obesity‐related metabolic disorders but the ameliorative degree and regulatory mechanisms are not identical.Practical applications: This investigation would be useful in the selective development of functional foods containing DHA‐PL or EPA‐PL contributing to the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic disease in humans. The study also showed the chemical compositions of phospholipids fractions of squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) egg and sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) that may be useful for further studies.
Synthesis of Epibatidine Analogues Having a 2‐Substituted 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Skeleton
Authors: Wauters Iris , De Blieck Ann , Muylaert Koen , Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of 1‐cyano‐2‐aza‐[2.2.2]bicyclooctanes has been studied using the dynamic cyanide addition to cyclohexanone derivatives. These compounds were further elaborated into a new class of epibatidine derivatives from which a number of examples were fully deprotected to give the potentially active compounds. The highly hydrophilic character of the compounds resulted in a difficult isolation and purification of the epibatidine analogues.
Micro solid‐phase derivatization analysis of low‐molecular mass aldehydes in treated water by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Fernández‐Molina José María , Silva Manuel 
Published: December 2013

A MEKC method was developed for the determination of aliphatic and aromatic low‐molecular mass aldehydes (LMMAs) in treated water samples. The method involves the precapillary derivatization and extraction of the aldehydes on a Telos™ENV μ‐SPE column impregnated with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine . After elution of the hydrazones with ACN, the derivatives were analyzed using MEKC–DAD. Resolution of the MEKC procedure was studied by changing the pH and the concentration of the buffer, the type, and the concentration of surfactant, and the organic modifier content in the BGE. A running buffer consisting of a phosphate buffer (pH 7.2, 75 mM) with CTAB (50 mM) and ACN (30%) gave the best results. Linearity was established over the concentration range 0.5–500 μg/L and LODs from 65 to 775 ng/L; the interday precision was expressed as the RSD of the aldehydes ranging from 6.6 to 8.4%. Matrix effects were shown to be negligible by comparing the response factors obtained in ultrapure and treated waters. Aldehydes were readily determined at 1.1–8.4 μg/L levels in ozonated and chlorinated water samples, the method proposed being the first CE contribution developed for the systematic analysis of both aliphatic and aromatic LMMAs in water samples.
Separation and quantification of RNA molecules using size‐exclusion chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Fujii Shin‐ichiro , Inagaki Kazumi , Miyashita Shin‐ichi , Groombridge Alexander S. , Nagasawa Keisuke , Chiba Koichi , Takatsu Akiko 
Published: December 2013

The hyphenation of SEC with ICP‐MS was successfully applied to RNA quantification. The developed method combines the separation technique for large biomolecules and element selective detection of ICP‐MS. The separation of RNA molecules was performed under the SEC condition without additive reagents such as salts to prevent the adhesion of RNA molecules on the column resin. Fragments of RNA, which were commercially available as a ladder marker solution and certified reference materials, were successfully separated and analyzed by measuring 31P+ with this method. RNA was quantified with good repeatability (RSD of peak area; 2.7%, n = 3) and linearity (R2 = 0.999) using a P standard solution as a calibrant. LOD and absolute detection limit of RNA were 6.7 μg/kg and 67 pg, respectively, which were equal to the values obtained by the analysis of a P standard solution. The accuracy of the proposed measurement was evaluated by measuring certified reference materials of RNA solutions for quantitative analysis (NMIJ CRM 6204‐a). The results obtained by this method agreed with the certified values within uncertainty. The proposed analysis method, which demonstrates good accuracy and high precision and is free from interference by nucleotide analogues, qualifies as a method of quality control for the RNA synthesis and extraction process.
Displacement limits and performance displacement profiles in support of direct displacement‐based seismic assessment of bridges
Authors: Cardone Donatello 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYDisplacement limits and performance displacement profiles (PDPs) for the direct displacement‐based assessment of existing bridges are proposed. The PDPs are defined as the bridge inelastic deformed shapes associated with the attainment of selected damage states in some critical elements of the bridge. In the paper, displacement limits are provided for piers, abutments, joints, bearing devices and shear keys. Moreover, different approaches for the definition of the PDP are examined, including adaptive pushover analysis, effective modal analysis, and rational analysis of simplified bridge models. In the paper, the key aspects and modeling assumptions of the proposed direct displacement‐based assessment procedure are presented first. This is followed by some examples of application to typical Italian highway bridge configurations, differing in pier layout, deck type, and pier‐deck connections. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analysis and numerical simulation of the performance of trained hospital staff using movement assist devices to evacuate people with reduced mobility
Authors: Hunt Aoife , Galea Edwin R. , Lawrence Peter J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper describes work undertaken to quantify the performance of trained hospital staff in evacuating people with reduced mobility. Data were collected from 32 trials in which a test subject was evacuated through 11 floors of Ghent University Hospital using four commonly used movement assistance devices: stretcher, carry chair, evacuation chair and rescue sheet. Presented in the paper are performance results for both male and female assist teams, including device preparation time, horizontal speeds, vertical speeds and overtaking potential in stairwells. These data form the basis of the device performance evaluation presented in this paper. A comparative methodology is derived to assess the efficiency of the devices and enable performance differences to be established. Finally, the data collected are used in a numerical simulation of the evacuation of a ward, located on the 11th floor of a hospital, containing 28 non‐ambulant patients. The scenarios investigate the time required to evacuate the ward using each of the four assist devices, assuming only the day or night shift staff are available. Furthermore, the scenarios consider the performance of all‐male and all‐female handlers and also take into consideration the impact of fatigue on the handlers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TBAF Promoted Formation of Symmetrical Trisulfides
Authors: Lach Slawomir , Witt Dariusz 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTWe have developed a new method for the synthesis of functionalized symmetrical trisulfides based on (5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,3,2‐dioxa‐phosphorin‐2‐yl)disulfanyl derivatives prepared from readily available 5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐sul‐fanyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorinane or bis(5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorinan‐2‐yl) disulfide. The symmetrical trisulfides can be obtained from aliphatic and aromatic thiols and l‐cysteine derivatives under mild conditions with high yield and purity.
Double‐Armed Benzo‐15‐crown‐5 Ligands and Complexes and Single Crystal Structure Determination
Authors: Şahin Duygu , Süzen Yasemin , Hayvalı Zeliha 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis work describes the syntheses and characterizations of double‐armed benzo‐15‐crown‐5 containing nitro (1), amine (2), and imine (3–5) groups, and their sodium complexes (1a–5a). Structures of the ligands (1–5) and sodium complexes (1a–5a) were identified via elemental analyses, and infrared, 1H‐ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C‐NMR, and mass spectrometry. The metal extractions were examined by using ultravoilet–visible spectrophotometry. Single crystal for 2 was successfully obtained, and its X‐ray crystal structure was resolved. The compound 2 crystallizes in triclinic, space group p‐1 with a = 9.1420(3), b = 14.9580(4), c = 20.4110(5), and Z = 4.
Novel Naphthol‐Based Bicyclic Phosphonates
Authors: Sadykova Yulia M. , Dalmatova Natalia V. , Nagimova Milyausha F. , Voronina Yulia K. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Michael A. , Sinyashin Оleg G. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTCondensation of naphthol‐1 and naphthol‐2 with 2‐ethoxyvinyphosphonic acid dichloroanhydride in boiling toluene in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid has resulted in high yields of unknown bicyclic phosphonates. Composition and structure of the products obtained were confirmed according to 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray analysis.
The overall pathological status of the left hippocampus determines preoperative verbal memory performance in left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Witt Juri‐Alexander , Coras Roland , Schramm Johannes , Becker Albert J. , Elger Christian E. , Blümcke Ingmar , Helmstaedter Christoph 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTStudies on hippocampal cell loss in epilepsy have produced diverging evidence as to which subfields are specifically related to memory. This may be due to rather small and often heterogeneous samples, or to different memory measures. Therefore, the current study examined hippocampal cell densities and memory in a large sample of patients with solely mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), employing measures with proven sensitivity to mesiotemporal pathology. In 104 patients who had undergone epilepsy surgery for mTLE, we evaluated the role of segmental hippocampal cell loss and its underlying factor structure with regard to presurgical verbal and figural memory while controlling for side‐of‐surgery and hemispheric dominance. First of all, patients showed material‐specific memory impairment concordant with the lateralization of epilepsy. Factor analysis of segmental cell loss revealed a single factor reflecting the overall integrity of the hippocampus. The overall pathological status of the left hippocampus correlated with verbal memory parameters (r = 0.33–0.34, P < 0.05), especially when controlling for atypical hemispheric dominance (r = 0.50–0.57, P < 0.01), and explained up to 33% of the observed variance. Further analyses revealed no superior role of a single subfield or cell loss pattern for memory performance. No systematic relations between neuronal cell densities of the right hippocampus and memory function were found, nor did left or right hippocampal pathology explain figural memory parameters. The results suggest that the overall pathological status of the left hippocampus – rather than a specific subfield pathology – is predictive for verbal memory in mTLE. The finding that figural memory parameters, although sensitive to right mTLE, were not related to neuronal cell densities of the right hippocampus, puts the left/right hippocampus verbal/nonverbal memory dichotomy into perspective. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2014 M&A Roundup: What Is the Board's Role?
Authors: Schmid Alexandra S. , Sánchez Carol M. , Goldberg Stephen R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe authors discuss recent M&A activity and the outlook for 2014. They then take a close look at one critical factor that might still sour many M&A deals in 2014: the lack of involvement of corporate boards of directors. How can directors help to manage the risks of M&A activity? What should they do? © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respiratory‐Gated Noncontrast SPACE MR Angiography Sequence at 3T for Evaluation of the Central Veins of the Chest: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kim Charles Y. , Bashir Mustafa R. , Heye Tobias , Dale Brian M. , Nichols Holly L. , Merkle Elmar M. 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of a respiratory‐gated noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequence for imaging the central veins of the chest.Materials and MethodsEleven healthy subjects underwent MRA of the central veins of the chest with a respiratory‐gated noncontrast (SPACE) sequence. Qualitative visualization and signal homogeneity of each central venous segment were scored by two radiologists on a scale of 1–4. Signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (SNR and CNR) were also calculated. Retrospective review of our imaging database revealed 13 patients with suspected pathology of the central veins who underwent a clinical MRA examination using the SPACE sequence as well as reference standard central venous imaging with contrast‐enhanced MRA or conventional venography.ResultsIn healthy subjects, all central venous segments demonstrated good to excellent venous visualization and homogeneity scores with the noncontrast SPACE sequence. The mean SNR and CNR of the central venous system were 192.7 and 175.0, respectively. In the 13 clinical examinations, the sensitivity and specificity for detection of stenosis or occlusions was 100% and 100% for reader 1 and 95% and 91% for reader 2, respectively.ConclusionThe respiratory‐gated noncontrast SPACE sequence provided excellent imaging characteristics of the central veins in healthy subjects with promising diagnostic accuracy in patients with central venous pathology. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:67–73. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 2D FEM analysis of electromechanical signatures in induction motors under dynamic eccentricity
Authors: Martinez Javier , Belahcen Anouar , Detoni Joaquim , Arkkio Antero 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a finite element model for the development of stator current diagnosis techniques based on the spectral analysis of the state variables on induction motor. Non‐linearities terms existing in the stator current due to the fault are analysed and concluding that these indicators can lead to a frequency matching of harmonics related to broken bar fault. In addition, this paper covers the limitations that two‐dimensional finite element models are having with respect to conical eccentricity and axial effects in the electric device. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasi‐TEM Rectangular Waveguides with Frequency Selective Surface Walls: Part I–Electrical Properties and Geometrical Characteristics
Authors: Li Duochuan , Khaddaj Mallat Nazih , Wu Ke 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTElectrical properties and geometrical characteristics of frequency‐selective‐surface‐loaded quasi‐transverse electromagnetic (TEM) rectangular waveguides are investigated in detail. The properties of electrical field distributions over the cross section of waveguides at various periodical phase shift points are studied. The phenomena, in connection with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), cavity resonance, and surface resonance, are discussed. A definition of bandwidth for AMC is proposed on the basis of the variation of average z‐polarized electric fields along z‐axis between two side dielectric surfaces. Standard deviation technique is used to describe the uniformity of electrical fields and cavity efficiency is defined to represent the percentage of useful cavity with uniform electrical fields. The dispersion relationship, bandwidths of AMC and single mode, and cavity efficiency for various types of AMC surfaces are examined and compared. The geometrical characteristics of quasi‐TEM waveguides are studied in both theory and experiment. Design rules for high‐quality quasi‐TEM waveguides are proposed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voice outcomes following laser cordectomy for early glottic cancer: A physical model investigation
Authors: Mendelsohn Abie H. , Xuan Yue , Zhang Zhaoyan 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe voice effects following laser cordectomy for early glottic cancer are poorly described. We investigated the voice outcomes of subligamentous cordectomy of progressive anterior–posterior extent of excision.Study DesignPhysical phonatory modeling.MethodsThe influence of vocal fold surgical defects and corresponding scar was experimentally investigated using a self‐oscillating physical model of the vocal folds and compared with the baseline model without defects or scar.ResultsResults showed that increasing anterior–posterior extent of resection increased phonation threshold pressure and flow rate and reduced excitation of high‐order harmonics, resulting in a more breathy and rough voice production. However, it was found that voice production was improved with the placement of scar, which increased both excitation of high‐order harmonics and the harmonic‐to‐noise ratio.ConclusionsAlthough large anterior–posterior surgical resections resulted in progressive impact on vocal measures, a limited excision of the vocal fold cover surprisingly demonstrated minimal voice changes. Further investigations are required to define the acceptable extent of surgical resection that may result in optimal voice outcomes.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 124:1882–1886, 2014
Short sleep duration is associated with decreased serum leptin, increased energy intake and decreased diet quality in postmenopausal women
Authors: Stern Jennifer H. , Grant Andriene S. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Tinker Lesley , Hale Lauren , Brennan Kathleen M. , Woods Nancy F. , Chen Zhao 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveShort sleep duration induces hormonal perturbations contributing to hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and obesity. The majority of these studies are conducted in young adults. This analysis in a large (n = 769) sample of postmenopausal women (median age 63 years) sought to (a) confirm that sleep duration and sleep quality are negatively correlated with circulating leptin concentrations and (b) to examine the relationship between self‐reported sleep, dietary energy intake, and diet quality, as well as, investigate the role of leptin in these associations.MethodsSleep duration/quality, insomnia, and dietary intake were determined via self‐report. Blood samples were collected following an overnight fast to assess serum leptin concentration. All analyses were adjusted for total body fat mass.ResultsWomen reporting ≤6 hr sleep/night had lower serum leptin concentrations than those reporting ≥8 hr sleep (P = 0.04). Furthermore, those with ≤6 hr sleep/night reported higher dietary energy intake (P = 0.01) and lower diet quality (P = 0.04) than the reference group (7 hr sleep/night). Women sleeping ≥8 hr also reported lower diet quality than the reference group (P = 0.02). Importantly, serum leptin did not confound these associations.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that sleep duration is inversely associated with serum leptin and dietary energy intake in postmenopausal women.
Effect of old attached mortar on the creep of recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Fan Yuhui , Xiao Jianzhuang , Tam Vivian W. Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper first presents an experimental study on the shrinkage and creep behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages (i.e. 0 %, 33 %, 66 %, 100 %). The experimental results reveal that increasing the RCA replacement percentage can increase the shrinkage and creep of RAC. A numerical method for creep behaviour with old adhering mortar is also proposed by analysing the influence mechanism of creep and the volume content of old adhering mortar on the creep of RAC. It is found that the RAC creep is significantly influenced by old adhering mortar properties and its volume content. Finally, a numerical model of RAC creep is established by considering the influence of mechanical properties and the creep behaviour of old adhering mortar. It is proved that this model can calculate the creep of RAC.
Single molecule mechanical manipulation for studying biological properties of proteins, DNA, and sugars
Authors: Scholl Zackary N. , Li Qing , Marszalek Piotr E. 
Published: December 2013

For over 20 years there has been immense biological insight gained using single molecule mechanical measurements to understand properties of biomolecules. This review outlines the field of single molecule mechanics studies and focuses on the manipulation of proteins, DNA, and sugars by single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The methods and examples of SMFS by AFM are illustrated using recent advances in protein science including titin elasticity, mechanical unfolding and refolding of α‐helical repeat proteins, mechanoenzymatics of thioredoxin and titin kinase, and intermolecular interactions of P‐selectin complexes. The possibilities of SMFS to investigate the mechanics of other biopolymers like double‐ and single‐stranded DNA and forced‐induced conformational changes in sugars are also discussed. Finally, SMFS and its application to biological processes, like DNA replication, packing and transcription, and DNA methylation are illustrated. These measurements provide a unique and integral part of the development of our knowledge of biochemistry and molecular mechanics.This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology