bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suomi NPP CrIS measurements, sensor data record algorithm, calibration and validation activities, and record data quality
Authors: Han Yong , Revercomb Henry , Cromp Mike , Gu Degui , Johnson David , Mooney Daniel , Scott Deron , Strow Larrabee , Bingham Gail , Borg Lori , Chen Yong , DeSlover Daniel , Esplin Mark , Hagan Denise , Jin Xin , Knuteson Robert , Motteler Howard , Predina Joe , Suwinski Lawrence , Taylor Joe , Tobin David , Tremblay Denis , Wang Chunming , Wang Lihong , Wang Likun , Zavyalov Vladimir 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Cross‐Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a Fourier Transform Michelson interferometer instrument launched on board the Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite on 28 October 2011. CrIS provides measurements of Earth view interferograms in three infrared spectral bands at 30 cross‐track positions, each with a 3 × 3 array of field of views. The CrIS ground processing software transforms the measured interferograms into calibrated and geolocated spectra in the form of Sensor Data Records (SDRs) that cover spectral bands from 650 to 1095 cm−1, 1210 to 1750 cm−1, and 2155 to 2550 cm−1 with spectral resolutions of 0.625 cm−1, 1.25 cm−1, and 2.5 cm−1, respectively. During the time since launch a team of subject matter experts from government, academia, and industry has been engaged in postlaunch CrIS calibration and validation activities. The CrIS SDR product is defined by three validation stages: Beta, Provisional, and Validated. The product reached Beta and Provisional validation stages on 19 April 2012 and 31 January 2013, respectively. For Beta and Provisional SDR data, the estimated absolute spectral calibration uncertainty is less than 3 ppm in the long‐wave and midwave bands, and the estimated 3 sigma radiometric uncertainty for all Earth scenes is less than 0.3 K in the long‐wave band and less than 0.2 K in the midwave and short‐wave bands. The geolocation uncertainty for near nadir pixels is less than 0.4 km in the cross‐track and in‐track directions.
Modeling biomass burning and related carbon emissions during the 21st century in Europe
Authors: Migliavacca Mirco , Dosio Alessandro , Camia Andrea , Hobourg Rasmus , Houston‐Durrant Tracy , Kaiser Johannes W. , Khabarov Nikolay , Krasovskii Andrey A. , Marcolla Barbara , San Miguel‐Ayanz Jesus , Ward Daniel S. , Cescatti Alessandro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study we present an assessment of the impact of future climate change on total fire probability, burned area, and carbon (C) emissions from fires in Europe. The analysis was performed with the Community Land Model (CLM) extended with a prognostic treatment of fires that was specifically refined and optimized for application over Europe. Simulations over the 21st century are forced by five different high‐resolution Regional Climate Models under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B. Both original and bias‐corrected meteorological forcings is used. Results show that the simulated C emissions over the present period are improved by using bias corrected meteorological forcing, with a reduction of the intermodel variability. In the course of the 21st century, burned area and C emissions from fires are shown to increase in Europe, in particular in the Mediterranean basins, in the Balkan regions and in Eastern Europe. However, the projected increase is lower than in other studies that did not fully account for the effect of climate on ecosystem functioning. We demonstrate that the lower sensitivity of burned area and C emissions to climate change is related to the predicted reduction of the net primary productivity, which is identified as the most important determinant of fire activity in the Mediterranean region after anthropogenic interaction. This behavior, consistent with the intermediate fire‐productivity hypothesis, limits the sensitivity of future burned area and C emissions from fires on climate change, providing more conservative estimates of future fire patterns, and demonstrates the importance of coupling fire simulation with a climate driven ecosystem productivity model.
The amount and distribution of subcutaneous tissue in Southern Chinese children from Hong Kong
Authors: Fry Edward I. , Chang K. S. F. , Lee Marjorie M. C. , Ng C. K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSkinfold thicknesses were measured with a Harpenden caliper on four body regions (triceps, calf, subscapular, and supra‐iliac) of 3,975 boys and 3,903 girls of Southern Chinese origin, from 6 to 18 years of age, in Hong Kong. The subjects were classified into high, middle, and low socio‐economic groups. Norms of skinfold thicknesses of the four body regions were obtained for each age level. On all dimensions, the girls are significantly larger than the boys of the same age. Socio‐economic factors are shown to play an important role in the development of the skinfold tissue — children from higher socio‐economic groups tend to have thicker skinfolds than those from the lower groups, and the early adolescent increase‐decrease fat cycle is seen most clearly in the high socio‐economic boys. It is further shown that socio‐economic influence is potent enough to override the difference between the sexes from 6 to 14 years of age, after which even profound socio‐economic differences are submerged by sex. Comparisons were made with the norms of British and Japanese children.
A pilot study of the effects of intranasal budesonide delivered by NasoNeb® on patients with perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: Brown Kristal , Lane James , Paz Silva Marianella , DeTineo Marcy , Naclerio Robert M. , Baroody Fuad M. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundWe investigated whether nebulization of budesonide via a NasoNeb® device would treat perennial allergic rhinitis.MethodsWe performed a parallel, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, pilot study in subjects (n = 40) with perennial allergic rhinitis. After recording baseline symptoms, subjects were randomized to budesonide respules (0.25 mg) or an equivalent placebo for 26 days. Nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF) and nasal symptoms (graded on a 0–3 scale) were recorded by the subjects twice daily. Rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life (RQOL) as well as nasal volume, measured by acoustic rhinometry, was obtained at baseline, after 2 weeks, and at the end of treatment.ResultsThe average change from baseline in symptoms over the treatment period was greater for the group on budesonide (−3.33) compared to placebo (−1.98) (p = 0.45). When the average change from baseline over the treatment period was compared between the groups, budesonide resulted in higher NPIF (36.4 L/min) than placebo (18.7 L/min), p = 0.094. QOL improved in both groups compared to baseline with no significant difference between the groups. Although acoustic rhinometry indicated a larger volume in the group treated with budesonide on the last trial visit, the differences between the groups were not significant when accounting for the baseline values.ConclusionCompared to placebo, administration of nebulized budesonide in subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis resulted in improvements in symptoms and objective measures of nasal congestion which approached but did not achieve statistical significance. A higher dose of active agent, a less effective placebo and a larger number of subjects might have improved statistical significance.
Highly Efficient Phase Boundary Biocatalysis with Enzymogel Nanoparticles
Authors: Kudina Olena , Zakharchenko Andrey , Trotsenko Oleksandr , Tokarev Alexander , Ionov Leonid , Stoychev Georgi , Puretskiy Nikolay , Pryor Scott W. , Voronov Andriy , Minko Sergiy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe enzymogel nanoparticle made of a magnetic core and polymer brush shell demonstrates a novel type of remote controlled phase‐boundary biocatalysis that involves remotely directed binding to and engulfing insoluble substrates, high mobility, and stability of the catalytic centers. The mobile enzymes reside in the polymer brush scaffold and shuttle between the enzymogel interior and surface of the engulfed substrate in the bioconversion process. Biocatalytic activity of the mobile enzymes is preserved in the enzymogel while the brush‐like architecture favors the efficient interfacial interaction when the enzymogel spreads over the substrate and extends substantially the reaction area as compared with rigid particles.
Fabrication and performance of a donut‐shaped generator based on dielectric elastomer
Authors: Lee Ran Hee , Basuli Utpal , Lyu Min‐Young , Kim Eun Soo , Nah Changwoon 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDielectric elastomers (DEs) have been suggested as generators to harvest electrical energy from natural mechanical energy sources, such as human movements and ocean waves. In this study, a donut‐shaped DE generator (DEG) has been fabricated and its performance is characterized depending on the stretch deformation. A simple new stretchable electrode system using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes has been suggested. Measurements on the resistance, capacitance, and electrical power generation are made depending on the area expansion. The capacitance and harvested energy are parabolically increased with increased area expansions. The theoretical prediction of energy harvesting is in good agreement with measured values of capacitance changes with stretching. FE analysis is also applied for calculation of strains for the DEG to figure out the distribution of strains. It is suggested that the DEG has promising applications in the field of designing an energy harvesting device depending on the type of energy available. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40076.
Morphologies and properties of polycarbonate/polyethylene in situ microfibrillar composites prepared through multistage stretching extrusion
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Zhang Xianlong , Zhao Tianbao , Shen Liyuan , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe sheets of polycarbonate (PC)/polyethylene (PE) in situ microfibrillar composites are successfully prepared directly through multistage stretching extrusion with an assembly of laminating‐multiplying elements (LMEs) instead of the secondary processing. The morphological development of the PC dispersed phase in PE matrix with increasing the number of LMEs during multistage stretching extrusion investigated by scanning electron microscope shows that core‐skin structure of the microfibrillar PC/PE composites during multistage stretching extrusion with 4 LMEs is weakened, and the diameter of the PC microfibrils is relatively more uniform, indicating that the shear field in LMEs greatly affects the morphology of PC dispersed phase in PE matrix. The tensile, crystalline, melting, orientation and rheological behavior of the PC/PE microfibrillar composites are also investigated. The results show that the PC microfibrils are helpful to increase complex viscosity and yield stress of the PE/PC composites. In addition, it is found that the glass transition temperature of PC in PE matrix reduced with increasing the number of LMEs during dynamic rheological testing. It is coincided with the results of DSC analysis of the PC/PE composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40108.
Comparative study on the crystallization behavior of β‐isotactic polypropylene nucleated with different β‐nucleation agents —effects of thermal conditions
Authors: Kang Jian , Peng Hongmei , Wang Bin , Chen Zhengfang , Li Jingping , Chen Jinyao , Cao Ya , Li Huilin , Yang Feng , Xiang Ming 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, the crystallization behavior of the β‐isotactic polypropylene (β‐iPP) samples nucleated by a rare earth based β‐nucleating agent (β‐NA) WBG‐II and a metal salts compound β‐NA NAB83 (denoted as WPP and NPP, respectively) under different cooling conditions were comparatively investigated. The thermal conditions such as the cooling rate, isothermal crystallization temperature, isothermal crystallization time, and the subsequent cooling to room temperature. The results of WAXD, SEM, and nonisothermal crystallization reveal that under the same processing conditions, the crystallite size of NPP is smaller, which arrange more compactly as compared with WPP. Meanwhile, NPP has shorter crystallization rate and higher β‐nucleation selectivity, but WPP can crystallization at wider temperature range. The results of isothermal crystallization showed that NPP has higher selectivity and higher β‐nucleation efficiency, which favors the formation of high proportion of β‐phase at the isothermal crystallization temperature of 110–130°C with and without subsequent cooling; WPP has lower selectivity, which can only induce high content of β‐phase under isothermal crystallization without subsequent cooling to 25°C. In tuning the crystallization behavior and the properties of β‐PP, the joint influence of the efficiency and selectivity of the β‐NA, and the thermal conditions should be taken into consideration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40115.
The potential of encapsulating “raw materials” in 3D osteochondral gradient scaffolds
Authors: Mohan Neethu , Gupta Vineet , Sridharan BanuPriya , Sutherland Amanda , Detamore Michael S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTScaffolds with continuous gradients in material composition and bioactive signals enable a smooth transition of properties at the interface. Components like chondroitin sulfate (CS) and bioactive glass (BG) in 3D scaffolds may serve as “raw materials” for synthesis of new extracellular matrix (ECM), and may have the potential to completely or partially replace expensive growth factors. We hypothesized that scaffolds with gradients of ECM components would enable superior performance of engineered constructs. Raw material encapsulation altered the appearance, structure, porosity, and degradation of the scaffolds. They allowed the scaffolds to better retain their 3D structure during culture and provided a buffering effect to the cells in culture. Following seeding of rat mesenchymal stem cells, there were several instances where glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen, or calcium contents were higher with the scaffolds containing raw materials (CS or BG) than with those containing transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β3 or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2. It was also noteworthy that a combination of both CS and TGF‐β3 increased the secretion of collagen type II. Moreover, cells seeded in scaffolds containing opposing gradients of CS/TGF‐β3 and BG/BMP‐2 produced clear regional variations in the secretion of tissue‐specific ECM. The study demonstrated raw materials have the potential to create a favorable microenvironment for cells; they can significantly enhance the synthesis of certain extracellular matrix (ECM) components when compared to expensive growth factors; either alone or in combination with growth factors they can enhance the secretion of tissue specific matrix proteins. Raw materials are promising candidates that can be used to either replace or be used in combination with growth factors. Success with raw materials in lieu of growth factors could have profound implications in terms of lower cost and faster regulatory approval for more rapid translation of regenerative medicine products to the clinic. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 829–841. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards Polyoxometalate‐Cluster‐Based Nano‐Electronics
Authors: Vilà‐Nadal Laia , Mitchell Scott G. , Markov Stanislav , Busche Christoph , Georgiev Vihar , Asenov Asen , Cronin Leroy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe explore the concept that the incorporation of polyoxometalates (POMs) into complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies could offer a fundamentally better way to design and engineer new types of data storage devices, due to the enhanced electronic complementarity with SiO2, high redox potentials, and multiple redox states accessible to polyoxometalate clusters. To explore this we constructed a custom‐built simulation domain bridge. Connecting DFT, for the quantum mechanical modelling part, and mesoscopic device modelling, confirms the theoretical basis for the proposed advantages of POMs in non‐volatile molecular memories (NVMM) or flash‐RAM.
Energy‐Funneling‐Based Broadband Visible‐Light‐Absorbing Bodipy–C60 Triads and Tetrads as Dual Functional Heavy‐Atom‐Free Organic Triplet Photosensitizers for Photocatalytic Organic Reactions
Authors: Huang Ling , Cui Xiaoneng , Therrien Bruno , Zhao Jianzhang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractC60–bodipy triads and tetrads based on the energy‐funneling effect that show broadband absorption in the visible region have been prepared as novel triplet photosensitizers. The new photosensitizers contain two or three different light‐harvesting antennae associated with different absorption wavelengths, resulting in a broad absorption band (450–650 nm). The panchromatic excitation energy harvested by the bodipy moieties is funneled into a spin converter (C60), thus ensuring intersystem crossing and population of the triplet state. Nanosecond time‐resolved transient absorption and spin density analysis indicated that the T1 state is localized on either C60 or the antennae, depending on the T1 energy levels of the two entities. The antenna‐localized T1 state shows a longer lifetime (τT=132.9 μs) than the C60‐localized T1 state (ca. 27.4 μs). We found that the C60 triads and tetrads can be used as dual functional photocatalysts, that is, singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical anion (O2.−) photosensitizers. In the photooxidation of naphthol to juglone, the 1O2 photosensitizing ability of the C60 triad is a factor of 8.9 greater than the conventional triplet photosensitizers tetraphenylporphyrin and methylene blue. The C60 dyads and triads were also used as photocatalysts for O2.−‐mediated aerobic oxidation of aromatic boronic acids to produce phenols. The reaction times were greatly reduced compared with when [Ru(bpy)3Cl2] was used as photocatalyst. Our study of triplet photosensitizers has shown that broadband absorption in the visible spectral region and long‐lived triplet excited states can be useful for the design of new heavy‐atom‐free organic triplet photosensitizers and for the application of these triplet photosensitizers in photo‐organocatalysis.
On the Mechanism of Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Zeonjuk Lei Liu , Vankova Nina , Mavrandonakis Andreas , Heine Thomas , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Eicher Johannes 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report herein a comprehensive theoretical study of the thermodynamics and kinetics of molecular hydrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). A series of intermolecularly combined boranes (Lewis acids) and phosphines (Lewis bases), with experimentally established different reactivities towards H2, have been subjected to DFT and (SCS‐)MP2 calculations, and analyzed in terms of their structural properties, the energetics of association of the FLPs, and the kinetics of their interactions with H2 and hydrogenation to the ion‐pair products. The analysis included the following steps: 1) assessment of the ability/inability of the Lewis species to preorganize into FLPs with an optimum arrangement of the acid and base sites for preconditioning the reaction with H2, 2) comprehension of the different thermodynamics of hydrogenation of the selected FLPs by comparing the Gibbs energies of the overall reactions, and 3) estimation of the mechanism of the activation of H2 by identifying the reaction steps and the associated kinetic barriers. The results of our studies correlate well with experimental findings and have clarified the reasons for the observed different reactivities of the investigated systems, ranging from reversible or nonreversible activation to no reaction with H2. The derived predictions could assist the future design of Lewis acid–base systems with desired properties and applicability as metal‐free hydrogenation catalysts.
Temporary Intramolecular Generation of Pyridine Carbenes in Metal‐Free Three‐Component CH Bond Functionalisation/Aryl‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Nawaz Faisal , Mohanan Kishor , Charles Laurence , Rajzmann Michel , Bonne Damien , Chuzel Olivier , Rodriguez Jean , Coquerel Yoann 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNucleophilic addition of pyridines to benzyne generates zwitterionic adducts that evolve by a rapid intramolecular proton shift to produce the corresponding pyridine carbenes, N‐phenyl pyrid‐2‐ylidenes. In the presence of electrophilic ketones (isatin derivatives), the pyridylidenes can further react by an original bis‐arylation reaction of the carbonyl compounds involving a formal pyridine CH bond functionalisation. The overall transformation is an unprecedented three‐component reaction featuring a carbene intermediate. The mechanism of this transformation was examined in detail by using both experimental and theoretical approaches. It was found that the generation of N‐phenyl pyrid‐2‐ylidene from pyridine and benzyne is energetically favoured, and that the corresponding carbene dimer can also form easily. Under the three‐component reaction conditions, the pyridylidene preferentially adds to the ketone group of the isatin derivative to produce a zwitterionic adduct amenable to an intramolecular aryl transfer reaction by a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution. This peculiar reactivity for a carbene was compared to possibly competitive known reactions of stable carbenes with carbonyl compounds, and the reaction was found to be under thermodynamic control. The reported method of generation of N‐phenyl pyrid‐2‐ylidenes and their reactivity with carbonyl compounds unlock new perspectives in organic synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerium Valence Change in the Solid Solutions Ce(Rh1‐χRuχ)Sn.
Authors: Niehaus Oliver , Abdala Paula M. , Riecken Jan F. , Winter Florian , Chevalier Bernard , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of 15 samples in the system Ce(Rh1‐xRux)Sn (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is prepared by arc melting of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations on the Phase Transition Between CdV2O6 and Cd2V2O7 and Their Photocatalytic Performances.
Authors: Li Di , Bai Xiaojuan , Pan Chengsi , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of NH4VO3 and CdCl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Types of Polyoxometalates Based on Circular P8W48 Cluster Units and Different Inclusions of Tetralanthanide and Octamanganese Centers.
Authors: Huang Ling , Cheng Lin , Fang Wei‐Hui , Wang Sa‐Sa , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe four new polyoxotungstates (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) crystallize in the tetragonal space group I4/m with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Tin‐Mediated Route to Polytungstates of RhII and PdII.
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Kalinina Irina V. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Moroz Nikolay K. , Naumov Dmitry Yu. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSlow crystallization at room temperature is essential for isolation of (III) which is obtained as two solvatomorphs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Family of Novel Bifunctional Organocatalysts: Highly Enantioselective Alcoholysis of meso Cyclic Anhydrides and Its Application for Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of P2X7 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Yang Hong‐Jun , Xiong Fang‐Jun , Li Jie , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel chiral sulfamide catalyst is prepared and successfully applied in the methanolysis reaction of different cyclic anhydrides.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophile‐Catalyzed Additions to Activated Triple Bonds. Protection of Lactams, Imides, and Nucleosides with MocVinyl and Related Groups.
Authors: Mola Laura , Font Joan , Bosch Lluis , Caner Joaquim , Costa Anna M. , Etxebarria‐Jardi Gorka , Pineda Oriol , de Vincente David , Vilarrasa Jaume 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new method for the protection of different heterocyclic compounds is presented.