bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Ecstasy’ and the use of sleep medications in a general community sample: a 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Tait Robert J. , George Amanda , Olesen Sarah 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsAnimal models show that a single dose of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamhetamine (MDMA; ‘ecstasy’) can result in long‐term disruption of sleep. We evaluated the relationship between ecstasy consumption and the use of sleep medications in humans after controlling for key factors.DesignThe Personality and Total Health Through Life project uses a longitudinal cohort with follow‐up every 4 years. This study reports data from waves 2 and 3.SettingParticipants were recruited from the electoral roll in the Australian Capital Territory and Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsParticipants were aged 20–24 years at wave 1 (1999–2000).MeasuresThe study collected self‐reported data on ecstasy, meth/amphetamine, cannabis, alcohol, tobacco and use of sleeping medications (pharmaceutical or other substances). Depression was categorized using the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (BPHQ). Other psychosocial measures included life‐time traumas. We used generalized estimating equations to model outcomes.FindingsEcstasy data were available from 2128 people at wave 2 and 1977 at wave 3: sleeping medication use was reported by 227 (10.7%) respondents at wave 2 and 239 (12.1%) at wave 3. Increased odds ratios (OR) for sleeping medication use was found for those with depression [OR = 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39, 2.53], women (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.84), and increased by 19% for each life‐time trauma. Ecstasy use was not a significant predictor, but ≥monthly versus never meth/amphetamine use increased the odds (OR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.30, 7.03).ConclusionThe use of ecstasy appears to be associated with the use of sleeping medications but this association can be accounted for by other factors.
Internet addiction assessment tools: dimensional structure and methodological status
Authors: Lortie Catherine L. , Guitton Matthieu J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsExcessive internet use is becoming a concern, and some have proposed that it may involve addiction. We evaluated the dimensions assessed by, and psychometric properties of, a range of questionnaires purporting to assess internet addiction.MethodsFourteen questionnaires were identified purporting to assess internet addiction among adolescents and adults published between January 1993 and October 2011. Their reported dimensional structure, construct, discriminant and convergent validity and reliability were assessed, as well as the methods used to derive these.ResultsMethods used to evaluate internet addiction questionnaires varied considerably. Three dimensions of addiction predominated: compulsive use (79%), negative outcomes (86%) and salience (71%). Less common were escapism (21%), withdrawal symptoms (36%) and other dimensions. Measures of validity and reliability were found to be within normally acceptable limits.ConclusionsThere is a broad convergence of questionnaires purporting to assess internet addiction suggesting that compulsive use, negative outcome and salience should be covered and the questionnaires show adequate psychometric properties. However, the methods used to evaluate the questionnaires vary widely and possible factors contributing to excessive use such as social motivation do not appear to be covered.
Choroidal vessel diameter in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Yang Lihong , Jonas Jost B. , Wei Wenbin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To measure the hyporeflective lumen in the choroid of patients with central serous choroidopathy (CSC) and to compare the diameter with that of a control group.Methods:  The prospective comparative observational clinical study included patients with unilateral CSC and a control group of normal subjects, matched in age, gender and refractive error with the study group. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and the largest diameter of choroidal hyporeflective lumen as surrogates for the choroidal vessels were measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT).Results:  The study group included 15 Chinese patients and the control group 15 control subjects. Mean SFCT was significantly (p = 0.04) larger in the affected eyes (455 ± 73 μm) than in the contralateral unaffected eyes (387 ± 94 μm), in which it was significantly (p = 0.005) larger than in the control group (289 ± 71 μm). In a parallel manner, the mean diameter of the largest hyporeflective lumen was larger, but not significantly larger (p = 0.18) in the affected eyes (305 ± 101 μm) than in the in the contralateral unaffected eyes (251 ± 98 μm), in which it was significantly (p = 0.001) larger than in the control group (140 ± 40 μm). Largest vessel diameter was significantly (p < 0.001; correlation coefficient: 0.73) correlated with the thickness of the total choroid.Conclusions:  In patients with CSC, the affected eyes show larger hyporeflective lumen than the contralateral clinically unaffected eyes and significantly larger than normal control eyes. Assuming these hyporeflective lumens to be choroidal vessels, macular swelling in CSC is markedly associated with vascular engorgement. As also the clinically unaffected eyes showed macular choroidal significant swelling, CSC may have a systemic component with usually asymmetric ocular involvement.
Ocular manifestations and visual functions in patients with Fanconi anaemia
Authors: Törnquist Alba Lucia , Martin Lene , Winiarski Jacek , Fahnehjelm Kristina Teär 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a multisystemic disorder with ocular implications. This study aims to describe visual function, ocular characteristics and visual processing skills in patients with FA after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods:  Ten patients with FA, ages 8–17 years, underwent ophthalmological examinations, corneal, periocular and fundus photography, visual evoked potentials (VEPs), visual fields and ocular motor and visual processing information tests.Results:  Best‐corrected decimal visual acuity was ≥0.65 in all 20 eyes. Microcornea was present in 18 of 18 eyes, short axial lengths in six of six eyes, steep corneal curvatures in four of six eyes, ptosis in 14 of 16 eyes, short palpebral fissures in 15 of 16 eyes and hypotelorism in three of seven patients. Optic disc areas were smaller in patients with FA compared to controls (p = 0.0003 right, p = 0.0003 left eye). Visual fields were abnormal in 4 of 18 eyes, while VEP was abnormal in 1 of 20 eyes. Eight patients had ocular motor dysfunction, while nine of 10 patients showed delay in visual processing skills.Conclusion:  Patients with FA can present with microcornea, microphthalmia, ptosis, steep corneal curvatures, small optic discs, ptosis and delay in visual processing skills. Detailed ophthalmological and visual processing skills assessments and developmental investigations are important to detect impairments and facilitate appropriate support.
Reproductive outcomes and risk of subsequent illness in women diagnosed with postpartum psychosis
Authors: Blackmore Emma Robertson , Rubinow David R , O'Connor Thomas G , Liu Xiang , Tang Wan , Craddock Nick , Jones Ian 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesWomen who experience postpartum psychosis (PP) seek guidance on further pregnancies and risk of illness; however, empirical data are limited. This study describes reproductive and mental health outcomes in women diagnosed withPPand examines clinical risk factors as predictors of further illness.MethodsA retrospective cohort design was used; 116 women who experienced episodes of mania or depression with psychotic features within six weeks of childbirth were recruited. All subjects underwent clinical diagnostic interviews and medical case notes were reviewed.ResultsOnly 33% of women had an antecedent history, of which 34% had bipolar disorder and 55% unipolar depression. Only 58% of those withPPin their first pregnancy had a subsequent pregnancy, and 18% of marriages ended following thePPepisode. Clinical presentation at the time of initial episode did not influence the timing of the onset of symptoms, treatment, or recovery. Although 86% of patients received treatment within 30 days of onset, 26% of women reported ongoing symptoms at a year after delivery. The recurrence rate ofPPwas 54.4%; a longer duration of the index episode (p < 0.05) and longer latency between the indexPPand next pregnancy predicted a subsequentPP. The rate of subsequent non‐puerperal episodes was 69%, and all these episodes were bipolar.ConclusionsPostpartum psychosis is difficult to predict in women with no antecedent history and is associated with a high rate of subsequent puerperal and non‐puerperal illness. Risk of further illness needs to be conveyed in order to allow fully informed decisions to be made regarding future pregnancies.
A quantitative review of neurocognition in euthymic late‐life bipolar disorder
Authors: Samamé Cecilia , Martino Diego J , Strejilevich Sergio A 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesA sizeable body of work has consistently documented that a number of euthymic mixed‐age bipolar disorder subjects exhibit prominent impairments in a variety of cognitive domains. By contrast, knowledge about neuropsychological functioning in elderly patients is scant, despite being necessary for the adequate treatment of this population and the understanding of illness evolution. The aim of this study was to combine findings from the available literature in order to examine the pattern and extent of cognitive deficits in euthymic late‐life bipolar disorder subjects.MethodsA literature search was conducted through the online databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Wiley‐Blackwell, covering the period between January 1990 and April 2012. Effect sizes reflecting patient–control differences for 10 cognitive variables were extracted from selected investigations and combined by means of meta‐analytical procedures.ResultsNo significant patient–control differences were found for global cognitive status as assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Clock Drawing Test. Significant overall effect sizes (Hedges' g) of between 0.61 and 0.88 were noted for sustained attention, digit span (forwards and backwards), delayed recall, serial learning, cognitive flexibility, and verbal fluency (phonemic and categorical).ConclusionsThe extent of cognitive dysfunction in euthymic late‐life bipolar disorder subjects may be, on average, similar to that reported for remitted young adult patients. Larger effect sizes of impairment may be associated with late illness onset. Implications and future directions for research are proposed.
TRIM13 (RFP2) downregulation decreases tumour cell growth in multiple myeloma through inhibition of NF Kappa B pathway and proteasome activity
Authors: Gatt Moshe E. , Takada Kohichi , Mani Mala , Lerner Mikael , Pick Marjorie , Hideshima Teru , Carrasco Daniel E. , Protopopov Alexei , Ivanova Elena , Sangfelt Olle , Grandér Dan , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John D. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Carrasco Daniel R. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplasm caused by proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). MM is characterized frequently by a complete or partial deletion of chromosome 13q14, seen in more than 50% of patients at diagnosis. Within this deleted region the tripartite motif containing 13 (TRIM13, also termed RFP2) gene product has been proposed to be a tumour suppressor gene (TSG). Here, we show that low expression levels of TRIM13 in MM are associated with chromosome 13q deletion and poor clinical outcome. We present a functional analysis of TRIM13 using a loss‐of‐function approach, and demonstrate that TRIM13 downregulation decreases tumour cell survival as well as cell cycle progression and proliferation of MM cells. In addition, we provide evidence for the involvement of TRIM13 downregulation in inhibiting the NF kappa B pathway and the activity of the 20S proteasome. Although this data does not support a role of TRIM13 as a TSG, it substantiates important roles of TRIM13 in MM tumour survival and proliferation, underscoring its potential role as a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
A novel bioassay for anti-thyrotrophin receptor autoantibodies detects both thyroid-blocking and stimulating activity
Authors: Li Y , Kim J , Diana T , Klasen R , Olivo P D , Kahaly G J 
Published: May 2013

Summary
Autoantibodies to the thyrotrophin (TSH) receptor (anti-TSHR) are unique, in that they are involved directly in the pathophysiology of certain autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) act as agonists that activate the thyroid gland and cause Graves' disease. Other anti-TSHR antibodies block TSH and can cause hypothyroidism. Thyroid-blocking antibodies (TBAb) have not been studied as extensively as TSAb. We developed a TBAb bioassay based on a cell line that expresses a chimeric TSHR. The 50% inhibitory concentration of the chimeric Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-Luc cells was more than five-fold lower compared with the wild-type CHO-Luc cells. We tested the performance of this bioassay using a thyroid-blocking monoclonal antibody K1-70, established an assay cut-off and detected TBAb in 15 of 50 (30%) patients with AITD. Interestingly, the assay detects both TSAb and TBAb and measures the net activity of a mixture of both types of antibodies. There was a high correlation (R2 0·9, P &lt; 0·0001) between the results of the TSAb assay and the negative percentage inhibition of the TBAb assay. The TBAb bioassay was approximately 20-fold more sensitive than a commercially available TSHR binding assay (TRAb). In contrast to TRAb, sera with high levels of TBAb activity were able to be diluted several hundred-fold and still exhibit blocking activity above the cut-off level. Thus, this TBAb bioassay provides a useful tool for measuring the activity of anti-TSHR antibodies and may help clinicians to characterize the diverse clinical presentations of patients with AITD.
Mutable elastic models for sculpting structured shapes
Authors: Milliez A. , Wand M. , Cani M.‐P. , Seidel H.‐P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new paradigm for free‐form shape deformation. Standard deformable models minimize an energy measuring the distance to a single target shape. We propose a new, “mutable” elastic model. It represents complex geometry by a collection of parts and measures the distance of each part measures to a larger set of alternative rest configurations. By detecting and reacting to local switches between best‐matching rest states, we build a 3D sculpting system: It takes a structured shape consisting of parts and replacement rules as input. The shape can subsequently be elongated, compressed, bent, cut, and merged within a constraints‐based free‐form editing interface, where alternative rest‐states model to such changes. In practical experiments, we show that the approach yields a surprisingly intuitive and easy to implement interface for interactively designing objects described by such discrete shape grammars, for which direct shape control mechanisms were typically lacking.
Abdominal imaging can misdiagnose submassive hepatic necrosis as cirrhosis in acute liver failure
Authors: Kim Andrew I. , Han Steven‐Huy , Tran Doan‐Trang , Sullivan Peggy , Lassman Charles , Raman Steve , Zimmerman Peter , Chin Eva E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPatients with acute liver failure (ALF) can be listed status I for liver transplantation (LT) whereas patients with cirrhosis must follow the MELD scoring system. Liver imaging can mistakenly diagnose submassive hepatic necrosis in ALF as cirrhosis. The purpose of our study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in distinguishing cirrhosis from ALF. All patients listed for ALF and transplanted during the study period were included. Controls were age‐ and gender‐matched cirrhotic patients who underwent LT during the same period. Abdominal US or CT scans obtained on all patients were independently reviewed by three blinded abdominal radiologists. Explants from all patients were reviewed by two blinded pathologists, and histological diagnosis was correlated with radiological diagnosis. Forty‐one patients with ALF and 42 patients with cirrhosis were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses both revealed overall accuracy of 85% for ultrasound and 93% for CT. US and CT scans both provide high levels of accuracy in terms of discriminating ALF from cirrhosis but measures taken to determine whether a patient has ALF vs. cirrhosis needs to approach 100% accuracy. Thus, imaging studies alone should not definitively diagnosis one etiology of liver failure over the other.
Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy and long‐term outcomes in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Suszynski Thomas M. , Rizzari Michael D. , Gillingham Kristen J. , Rheault Michelle N. , Kraszkiewicz Wojciech , Matas Arthur J. , Chavers Blanche M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHypertension (HTN) is common in pediatric recipients following kidney transplantation (KT). We retrospectively assessed the impact of HTN on long‐term (>10‐yr) outcomes in pediatric KT recipients (aged < 18 yr) at our center. Two hundred and ninety‐three pediatric KT recipients (83% living donor [LD]) with graft survival (GS) for ≥5 yr were studied. HTN was defined by antihypertensive medication use at five yr post‐KT. One hundred and sixty (55%) recipients did not have HTN, and 133 (45%) had HTN at five yr post‐KT. There were no differences in actuarial patient survival between cohorts. Actuarial GS at 15 and 20 yr was 68% and 53% for recipients without HTN, and 53% and 33% for recipients with HTN (p = 0.006). Among LD recipients using one antihypertensive, GS at 15 yr was 100% for those using an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and 44% for those not using an ACEI (p = 0.04). Among these recipients, HTN treated with no ACEI was a significant risk factor for graft failure at >5 yr (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.5, p = 0.02), but HTN treated with an ACEI was not (HR = 0.6, p = 0.7). HTN at five yr post‐KT is associated with poorer long‐term GS in pediatric recipients, but ACEI therapy may enable better outcomes and should be studied further.
Forecasting fish distribution along stream networks: brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Europe
Authors: Filipe Ana Filipa , Markovic Danijela , Pletterbauer Florian , Tisseuil Clément , De Wever Aaike , Schmutz Stefan , Bonada Núria , Freyhof Jörg 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimSpecies inhabiting fresh waters are severely affected by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Effective management and conservation plans require advances in the accuracy and reliability of species distribution forecasts. Here, we forecast distribution shifts of Salmo trutta based on environmental predictors and examine the effect of using different statistical techniques and varying geographical extents on the performance and extrapolation of the models obtained.LocationWatercourses of Ebro, Elbe and Danube river basins (c. 1,041,000 km2; Mediterranean and temperate climates, Europe).MethodsThe occurrence of S. trutta and variables of climate, land cover and stream topography were assigned to stream reaches. Data obtained were used to build correlative species distribution models (SDMs) and forecasts for future decades (2020s, 2050s and 2080s) under the A1b emissions scenario, using four statistical techniques (generalised linear models, generalised additive models, random forest, and multivariate adaptive regression).ResultsThe SDMs showed an excellent performance. Climate was a better predictor than stream topography, while land cover characteristics were not necessary to improve performance. Forecasts predict the distribution of S. trutta to become increasingly restricted over time. The geographical extent of data had a weak impact on model performance and gain/loss values, but better species response curves were generated using data from all three basins collectively. By 2080, 64% of the stream reaches sampled will be unsuitable habitats for S. trutta, with Elbe basin being the most affected, and virtually no new habitats will be gained in any basin.Main conclusionsMore reliable predictions are obtained when the geographical data used for modelling approximate the environmental range where the species is present. Future research incorporating both correlative and mechanistic approaches may increase robustness and accuracy of predictions.
Distribution and determinants of C‐reactive protein in the older adult population: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer‐Norfolk study
Authors: Ahmadi‐Abhari Sara , Luben Robert N. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Khaw Kay‐Tee 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundC‐reactive protein (CRP) is a well‐documented predictor of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. We aimed to better understand the distribution and determinants of CRP in the population.Materials and methodsStudy participants were men and women aged 40–79 in the UK‐based EPIC‐Norfolk population‐based cohort study. CRP was measured in 18 586 available serum samples (8334 men and 10 252 women) and remeasured in 6087 individuals on average 13 years later using a high‐sensitivity assay.ResultsIn cross‐sectional analyses, the range of serum CRP was 0·1–188·3 mg/L and the median 1·6 mg/L. A third of the population had serum CRP levels above 3 mg/L. Serum CRP levels were comparable in men and women who were not taking postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Women who were taking HRT had double CRP levels compared with HRT nonusers. Smoking was also strongly related to CRP in men and women. Serum CRP was positively and independently associated with age, body mass index and waist circumference and inversely with height. A stronger association with serum CRP measured concurrently than on average 13 years later indicated a short‐term rather than long‐term association with smoking and HRT use. Social class and alcohol intake were not independently related to CRP, but there was a strong inverse association with educational status.ConclusionThe distribution of serum CRP in the population is similar in men and women after taking into account smoking and HRT use. Anthropometric factors as well as educational status are strongly related to serum CRP.
Does the use of alternative food resources induce cannibalism in a size‐structured fish population?
Authors: Heermann Lisa , Scharf Werner , van der Velde Gerard , Borcherding Jost 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCannibalism in fish has various effects at population and individual level. Cannibals derive energetic benefit by feeding on their smaller conspecifics, while at the same time reducing competition for the shared resource. Avoiding intracohort competition can force fish to use alternative feeding strategies, which may subsequently stimulate cannibalism. This study examined diet variation and intracohort cannibalism by young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) European perch (Perca fluviatilis) after hatching in three stocking experiments in ponds based on stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Because zooplankton biomass decreased,YOYperch started to diverge in diet use, suggesting that increased intraspecific competition forced fish to try alternative feeding strategies. LargerYOYperch then fed on energetically richer resources (bream larvae or odonates) and hence outgrew their smaller conspecifics, becoming large enough to enable cannibalism. Thus, the widening of initial size differences by feeding on high‐energy resources served as a stepping stone towards cannibalism. This differentiation into two size classes and two different feeding strategies was shown to be a stable pattern within theYOYperch population, as indicated by stable isotope analysis.