bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Kidney Injury Following Rhabdomyolysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Scharman Elizabeth J , Troutman William G 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of rhabdomyolysis-associated acute renal failure (ARF). DATA SOURCES PubMed (1966-December 2012), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Science Citation Index, and Cochrane databases (1970-December 2012) were searched. There were no language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Studies selected dealt with treatment of rhabdomyolysis (crush syndrome) or prevention of ARF in patients with rhabdomyolysis. Articles excluded did not present original data or described only the management of ARF after it developed. Single case reports were excluded. Extracted data included study type; population; definitions of rhabdomyolysis and ARF; fluid, sodium bicarbonate, and mannitol dosages; and study findings. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. No controlled trials compared intravenous fluid administration plus sodium bicarbonate to fluid administration alone. Three concluded that there was no significant difference in the rates of ARF between patients receiving and those not receiving sodium bicarbonate; however, urine alkalinization was not documented. Eight investigations concluded that delayed fluid administration increased the risk of ARF. No controlled study compared volumes of fluid administered or targeted urine output goals. Fluid type, therapy duration, and monitoring parameters varied widely; 4 used a urine output goal in adults of more than 300 mL/h or 300 mL/h or more. No evidence supported a preferred fluid type or that sodium bicarbonate with or without mannitol was superior to fluid therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous fluids should be initiated as soon as possible, preferably within the first 6 hours after muscle injury, at a rate that maintains a urine output in adults of 300 mL/h or more for at least the first 24 hours. Sodium bicarbonate should be administered only if necessary to correct systemic acidosis and mannitol only to maintain urine output of 300 mL/h or more despite adequate fluid administration.
Inadequate Therapeutic Response to a Recommended Antituberculosis Fixed-Dose Combination Regimen in an Overweight Patient with Mycobacterium bovis Infection
Authors: Lloret-Linares Célia , Mouly Stéphane , Hoang-Nguyen Dan-Tranh , Evans John , Raskine Laurent , Lopes Amanda , Cambau Emmanuelle , Bergmann Jean-François , Sellier Pierre 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE To report a case of an overweight man with lymph node tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, a part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, treated with fixed-dose combination (FDC) chemotherapy. CASE REPORT Following guidelines, according to the patient's weight (92 kg), we prescribed the maximum recommended doses of isoniazid-rifampin-pyrazinamide FDC. It led initially to underdosing, with a poor clinical outcome, justifying increased doses and a complex regimen using separate drugs (isoniazid 600 mg, rifampin 1200 mg, and levofloxacin 1000 mg) to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations and clinical response. DISCUSSION Usually recommended doses of FDC chemotherapies may be inappropriate in overweight patients. We discuss here the different factors that may be involved in poor clinical outcomes, particularly the consequences of excess weight on drug metabolism: drug-drug interaction, FDC use, generic formulation use, intestinal malabsorption, and acetylation profile. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic drug monitoring in overweight patients may be useful in the clinical setting to help clinicians individualize drug therapeutic regimens and optimize drug response, adherence, and safety.
High-Dose Oral Medroxyprogesterone for Inappropriate Hypersexuality in Elderly Men with Dementia: A Case Series
Authors: Cross Bethany S , DeYoung G Robert , Furmaga Kevin M 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively examine the utility of high-dose oral medroxyprogesterone (MPA) for the treatment of inappropriate hypersexuality (IH) in elderly men with dementia. CASE SUMMARY Ten men aged 65 years or older (median 79.5 years, range 65–93 years) were identified from all admissions at a 170-bed tertiary referral psychiatric hospital between December 2005 and January 2011. Admission records were used to identify subjects who received at least 100 mg daily of oral MPA. The primary outcome of successful treatment was chart documentation of a substantial decline in IH, such that subjects could return to preadmission residence. Data were collected to assess trends in dose, adverse effects, use of other symptom-modifying medications prior to MPA initiation, and successful return to preadmission placement. A trial serotoneric agent was used in 70% of subjects prior to MPA initiation. Sixty percent of subjects failed a trial of an antipsychotic, while 40% did not have response to the use of both a serotonergic agent and an antipsychotic before MPA was initiated. The average daily dose of MPA was 300 mg (range 100–400 mg/day). No adverse effects were documented from physician, nursing, or behavioral health rounding notes; however, adverse effects may not have been systematically assessed at the time of MPA administration. Seventy percent of subjects experienced favorable changes in target behaviors from MPA. DISCUSSION Few data exist on effective therapy options for treatment of IH. The minimum concentration of MPA needed to suppress IH in the male body is unknown. MPA was titrated upward, with the efficacy measure being a decrease in inappropriate behaviors. Use of MPA likely contributed to decreased IH; however, other factors involved in hospitalization could have contributed to improved behavior. CONCLUSIONS While requiring further study, high-dose (100–400 mg/day) oral MPA may represent an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for subjects displaying IH.
Spuriously Elevated Testosterone Measurements Caused by Application of Testosterone Gel at or Near the Phlebotomy Site
Authors: Kirk Deepa , Misita Caron 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE To report 2 cases of spuriously elevated testosterone measurements caused by contamination of blood samples by testosterone gel applied near the phlebotomy site. CASE SUMMARIES A 21-year-old male with primary hypogonadism and a 67-year-old male with secondary hypogonadism were prescribed standard replacement doses of testosterone gel. The patients' symptoms improved without adverse effects. However, their measured testosterone levels rose above the target range and paradoxically increased further despite decreasing the testosterone dose. In both cases, the gel had been applied near the site of venipuncture on the day of blood sampling. Subsequent testosterone measurements from blood obtained after the gel was applied away from the upper/mid arms were in therapeutic range. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, falsely elevated testosterone concentrations due to contamination of blood samples by testosterone gel have been reported only once (PubMed search, 1966-September 2012). In the cases we describe, application of the Naranjo probability scale suggests a probable likelihood that sample contamination caused the falsely elevated testosterone measurements. Health care professionals should recognize and take measures to prevent this problem, which could lead to inappropriate dose changes in hypogonadal patients. CONCLUSIONS The application of testosterone gel at or near the site of venipuncture can markedly increase the measured serum testosterone concentration.
Pan-genomic binding of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors
Authors: Schödel Johannes , Mole David Robert , Ratcliffe Peter John 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) mediate the cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-DNA binding triggers a transcriptional program that acts to both restore oxygen homeostasis and adapt cells to low oxygen availability. In this context, HIF is centrally involved in many physiologic and pathophysiological processes such as development, high altitude adaptation, ischemic disease, inflammation, and cancer. The recent development of chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to genome-wide DNA sequence analysis allows the position and extent of HIF binding to DNA to be characterized across the entire genome and correlated with genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional analyses. This review summarizes recent pan-genomic analyses of HIF binding and HIF-dependent transcriptional regulation.
Leveraging microfinance to impact HIV and financial behaviors among adolescents and their mothers in West Bengal: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Spielberg Freya , Crookston Benjamin T. , Chanani Sheila , Kim Jaewhan , Kline Sean , Gray Bobbi L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Microfinance can be used to reach women and adolescent girls with HIV prevention education. We report findings from a cluster-randomized control trial among 55 villages in West Bengal to determine the impact of non-formal education on knowledge, attitudes and behaviors for HIV prevention and savings. Multilevel regression models were used to evaluate differences between groups for key outcomes while adjusting for cluster correlation and differences in baseline characteristics. Women and girls who received HIV education showed significant gains in HIV knowledge, awareness that condoms can prevent HIV, self-efficacy for HIV prevention, and confirmed use of clean needles, as compared to the control group. Condom use was rare and did not improve for women. While HIV testing was uncommon, knowledge of HIV-testing resources significantly increased among girls, and trended in the positive direction among women in intervention groups. Conversely, the savings education showed no impact on financial knowledge or behavior change.
In Situ Chlorhexidine Substantivity on Saliva and Plaque‐Like Biofilm: Influence of Circadian Rhythm
Authors: Tomás Inmaculada , García‐Caballero Lucia , López‐Alvar Elena , Suárez‐Cunqueiro Mercedes , Diz Pedro , Seoane Juan 
Published: January 2013

Background: The aim of the present study is to assess in situ substantivity of a single mouthrinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on saliva and on undisturbed de novo plaque‐like biofilm (PL‐biofilm), differentiating between two times of application: 1) CHX mouthrinse in the morning; and 2) CHX mouthrinse at night.Methods: The study participants were 10 healthy volunteers who wore an individualized splint with glass disks for 48 hours to boost the growth of PL‐biofilm. Saliva samples were collected, and two disks were removed from each volunteer's splint at 8, 10, and 12 hours after performing a mouthrinse with 0.2% CHX at 7:00 am (M‐0.2% CHX‐diurnal) and 1:00 am (M‐0.2% CHX‐nocturnal). The saliva and plaque samples were analyzed by epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively, using a green fluorescent nucleic acid stain/propidium iodide staining.Results: With M‐0.2% CHX‐diurnal, the frequency of vital bacteria in saliva was significantly higher than in the PL‐biofilm at 8, 10, and 12 hours after mouthrinse. After M‐0.2% CHX‐nocturnal, the frequency of vital bacteria in saliva was significantly lower than in the PL‐biofilm at 8 hours and higher than in the PL‐biofilm at 12 hours after mouthrinse.Conclusion: These results support the more active physiologic dynamics of the salivary flora and the possible reservoir function associated with the structure of undisturbed de novo PL‐biofilm.
Five‐Year Results Evaluating the Effects of Platelet‐Rich Plasma on the Healing of Intrabony Defects Treated With Enamel Matrix Derivative and Natural Bone Mineral
Authors: Döri Ferenc , Arweiler Nicole , Húszár Tamás , Gera István , Miron Richard J. , Sculean Anton 
Published: January 2013

Background: Regenerative periodontal surgery using the combination of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and natural bone mineral (NBM) with and without addition of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to result in substantial clinical improvements, but the long‐term effects of this combination are unknown.Methods: The goal of this study was to evaluate the long‐term (5‐year) outcomes after regenerative surgery of deep intrabony defects with either EMD + NBM + PRP or EMD + NBM. Twenty‐four patients were included. In each patient, one intrabony defect was randomly treated with either EMD + NBM + PRP or EMD + NBM. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and 1 and 5 years after treatment. The primary outcome variable was clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: The sites treated with EMD + NBM + PRP demonstrated a mean CAL change from 10.5 ± 1.6 to 6.0 ± 1.7 mm (P <0.001) at 1 year and 6.2 ± 1.5 mm (P <0.001) at 5 years. EMD + NBM–treated defects showed a mean CAL change from 10.6 ± 1.7 to 6.1 ± 1.5 mm (P <0.001) at 1 year and 6.3 ± 1.4 mm (P <0.001) at 5 years. At 1 year, a CAL gain of ≥4 mm was measured in 83% (10 of 12) of the defects treated with EMD + NBM + PRP and in 100% (all 12) of the defects treated with EMD + NBM. Compared to baseline, in both groups at 5 years, a CAL gain of ≥4 mm was measured in 75% (nine of 12 in each group) of the defects. Four sites in the EMD + PRP + NBM group lost 1 mm of the CAL gained at 1 year. In the EMD + NBM group, one defect lost 2 mm and four other defects lost 1 mm of the CAL gained at 1 year. No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed between the two groups.Conclusions: Within their limits, the present results indicate that: 1) the clinical outcomes obtained with both treatments can be maintained up to a period of 5 years; and 2) the use of PRP does not appear to improve the results obtained with EMD + NBM.
Mortality and Morbidity Among Military Personnel and Civilians During the 1930s and World War II From Transmission of Hepatitis During Yellow Fever Vaccination: Systematic Review
Authors: Thomas Roger E. , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Spragins Wendy 
Published: January 2013

During World War II, nearly all US and Allied troops received yellow fever vaccine. Until May 1942, it was both grown and suspended in human serum. In April 1942, major epidemics of hepatitis occurred in US and Allied troops who had received yellow fever vaccine. A rapid and thorough investigation by the US surgeon general followed, and a directive was issued discontinuing the use of human serum in vaccine production.The large number of cases of hepatitis caused by the administration of this vaccine could have been avoided. Had authorities undertaken a thorough review of the literature, they would have discovered published reports, as early as 1885, of postvaccination epidemics of hepatitis in both men and horses.It would take 4 additional decades of experiments and epidemiological research before viruses of hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E were identified, their modes of transmission understood, and their genomes sequenced.
Safety of Aspiration Abortion Performed by Nurse Practitioners, Certified Nurse Midwives, and Physician Assistants Under a California Legal Waiver
Authors: Weitz Tracy A. , Taylor Diana , Desai Sheila , Upadhyay Ushma D. , Waldman Jeff , Battistelli Molly F. , Drey Eleanor A. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives. We examined the impact on patient safety if nurse practitioners (NPs), certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and physician assistants (PAs) were permitted to provide aspiration abortions in California. Methods. In a prospective, observational study, we evaluated the outcomes of 11 487 early aspiration abortions completed by physicians (n = 5812) and newly trained NPs, CNMs, and PAs (n = 5675) from 4 Planned Parenthood affiliates and Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, by using a noninferiority design with a predetermined acceptable risk difference of 2%. All complications up to 4 weeks after the abortion were included. Results. Of the 11 487 aspiration abortions analyzed, 1.3% (n = 152) resulted in a complication: 1.8% for NP-, CNM-, and PA-performed aspirations and 0.9% for physician-performed aspirations. The unadjusted risk difference for total complications between NP–CNM–PA and physician groups was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45, 1.29) and 0.83 (95% CI = 0.33, 1.33) in a propensity score–matched sample. Conclusions. Abortion complications were clinically equivalent between newly trained NPs, CNMs, and PAs and physicians, supporting the adoption of policies to allow these providers to perform early aspirations to expand access to abortion care.
Integrated Permeability Analysis in Tight and Brecciated Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Mohammadlou M.H.. H. , Mørk M.B.. B. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Permeability provides a measure of the ability of a porous medium to transmit fluid and is significant in evaluating reservoir productivity. A case study that compares different methods of permeability prediction in a complex carbonate reservoir is presented in this paper. Presence of siliciclastic fines and diagenetic minerals (e.g. dolomite) within carbonate breccias has resulted in a tight and heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in this case.
Permeability estimations from different methods are discussed and compared. In the first part of the paper, permeability measurements from conventional core analysis (CCAL), mercury-injection capillary pressure (MICP) tests, modular formation dynamic tests (MDTs), and nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) logs are discussed. Different combinations of methods can be helpful in permeability calculation, but depending on the nature and scale of each method, permeability assessment in heterogeneous reservoirs is a considerable challenge. Among these methods, the NMR log provides the most continuous permeability prediction.
In the second part of the paper, the measured individual permeabilities are combined and calibrated with the NMR-derived permeability. The conventional NMR-based free-fluid (Timur-Coates) model is used to compute the permeability. The NMR-estimated permeability is influenced by wettability effects, presence of isolated pores, and residual oil in the invaded zone. A new modified Timur-Coates model is established on the basis of fluid saturations and isolated pore volumes (PV) of the rock. This model yields a reasonable correlation with the scaled core-derived permeabilities. However, because of the reservoir heterogeneity, particularly in the brecciated intervals, discrepancies between the core data and the modified permeability model are expected.
Monitoring of SAGD Steam-Chamber Conformance by Using White-Noise-Reflection Processes
Authors: Leskiw Christopher , Gates Ian D. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Thermal stimulation of bitumen in oil-sands reservoirs is a critical requirement for the success of steam-based recovery processes such as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). If the bitumen is not heated, it remains at its original viscosity, often in the millions of centipoise and, thus, is not mobilized so that it cannot be moved to a production well. All oil-sands reservoirs are heterogeneous, both with respect to geology and fluid composition, and, thus, conformance of steam in the reservoir is not uniform. At present, real-time monitoring of the steam-conformance zone in the reservoir is not possible, and, thus, the spatial distribution of heat delivery to the reservoir is uncertain. In this research, a new method for detecting heterogeneity and monitoring steam chambers has been developed and tested by detailed thermal/acoustic reservoir simulation. Here, a thermal fluid-flow simulator was one-way coupled to a wave-propagation simulator (information passed is density alone) to evaluate the potential of identifying rock and fluid discontinuities during a SAGD operation with coded white-noise-reflection processes. Digital communication systems use coded white-noise processes to make advantageous use of unexpected reflections from environmental heterogeneities. The proposed theory and subsequent simulations reveal that it is possible to resolve the edge of the SAGD steam chamber and to image the heterogeneity within the reservoir as it evolves with white-noise-reflection methods. The properties of the signals described provide an opportunity for property detection at lower power levels and higher frequencies than traditional seismic methods. Furthermore, the signals are such that the noise from recovery processes and the native reservoir environment do not interfere with the detection methods, allowing for the monitoring method to be used concurrently with the recovery process.
Impact of Hydrolysis at High Temperatures on the Apparent Viscosity of Carboxybetaine Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Acid: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies
Authors: Yu Meng , Mu Yan , Wang Guanqun , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Carboxybetaine viscoelastic surfactants have been applied in acid diversion and fracturing treatments in which high temperatures and low pH are usually involved. These surfactants are subjected to hydrolysis under such conditions because of the existence of a peptide group (-CO-NH-) in their molecules, leading to changes in the rheological properties of the acid. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of hydrolysis at high temperatures on the apparent viscosity of carboxybetaine viscoelastic surfactant-based acids, and propose the mechanism of viscosity changes by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Surfactant-acid solutions with different compositions (surfactant concentration varied from 4 to 8 wt%) were incubated at 190°F for 1 to 6 hours. Solutions were then partially spent by CaCO3 until the sample pH was 4.5, and the apparent viscosity was measured using a high-temperature/high-pressure (HT/HP) viscometer. To understand the mechanism for viscosity changes on the molecular level, MD simulations were carried out on spent surfactant-acid aqueous systems using the Materials Studio 5.0 Package.
It was found that short-time hydrolysis at high temperatures (for example, 1 to 2 hours at 190°F) led to a significant increase in surfactant-acid viscosity. However, after incubation for 3 hours, phase separation occurred and the acid lost its viscosity. Simulation results showed that viscosity changes of amido-carboxybetaine surfactant acid by hydrolysis at high temperatures may be caused by different micellar structures formed by carboxybetaine and fatty acid soap, its hydrolysis product. The optimum molar ratio of amido-carboxybetaine and fatty acid soap to form wormlike micelles was found to be nearly 3:1 from our simulations.
Our results indicate that hydrolysis at high temperatures has a great impact on surfactant-acid rheological properties. Short time viscosity build-up and effective gel breakdown can be achieved if surfactant-acid treatments are carefully designed; otherwise, unexpected viscosity reduction and phase separation may occur, which will affect the outcome of acid treatments.