bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse mechanisms of post‐transcriptional repression by the small RNA regulator of glucose‐phosphate stress
Authors: Bobrovskyy Maksym , Vanderpool Carin K. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Escherichia coli small RNA SgrS controls a metabolic stress response that occurs upon accumulation of certain glycolytic intermediates. SgrS base pairs with and represses translation of ptsG and manXYZ mRNAs, which encode sugar transporters, and activates translation of yigL mRNA, encoding a sugar phosphatase. This study defines four new genes as direct targets of E. coli SgrS. These new targets, asd, adiY, folE and purR, encode transcription factors or enzymes of diverse metabolic pathways, including aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, arginine decarboxylase gene activator, GTP cyclohydrolase I and a repressor of purine biosynthesis, respectively. SgrS represses translation of each of the four target mRNAs via distinct mechanisms. SgrS binding sites overlapping the Shine–Dalgarno sequences of adiY and folE mRNAs suggest that SgrS pairing with these targets directly occludes ribosome binding and prevents translation initiation. SgrS binding within the purR coding sequence recruits the RNA chaperone Hfq to directly repress purR translation. Two separate SgrS binding sites were found on asd mRNA, and both are required for full translational repression. Ectopic overexpression of asd, adiY and folE is specifically detrimental to cells experiencing glucose‐phosphate stress, suggesting that SgrS‐dependent repression of the metabolic functions encoded by these targets promotes recovery from glucose‐phosphate stress.
Epidemiology of onychomycosis in Italy: prevalence data and risk factor identification
Authors: Papini Manuela , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Difonzo Elisa , Brunoro Andrea 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe prevalence of onychomycosis differs according to geographic area and over time and is influenced by several factors. The epidemiology of onychomycosis in Italy is still unclear. To evaluate the prevalence of onychomycosis in a representative sample of the Italian population a group of Dermatologists and General Practitioners carried out an observational survey on the patients coming to their office during a 1‐month period. Any patient with skin or systemic disease giving their consent was enrolled. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, lifestyles, history of previous mycosis, clinical aspects of onychomycosis and mycological evaluation were studied. A total of 8331 patients (56.7% female and 43.3% male) were evaluated. More than half of them were aged ≥46 years. Onychomycosis was diagnosed in 14.2% of patients. Big toe and thumb were the most frequently affected nails. Onychomycosis was moderate‐severe in 74.1% of the cases. Mycological tests were positive in 81.3% of the cases. Dermatophytes were found in 76.6% of the cases, yeasts in 17.2% and moulds in 6.3%. Risk factors and/or comorbidities were present in 68.2% of the cases. This survey showed a 14% prevalence of onychomycosis in the evaluated population. The main risk factors were previous onychomycosis, diabetes, hallux valgus and use of occlusive footwear.
OPTIMAL FISH HARVESTING FOR A POPULATION MODELED BY A NONLINEAR PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Authors: KELLY MICHAEL R. , XING YULONG , LENHART SUZANNE 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs the human population continues to grow, there is a need for better management of our natural resources in order for our planet to be able to produce enough to sustain us. One important resource we must consider is marine fish populations. We use the tool of optimal control to investigate harvesting strategies for maximizing yield of a fish population in a heterogeneous, finite domain. We determine whether these solutions include no‐take marine reserves as part of the optimal solution. The fishery stock is modeled using a nonlinear, parabolic partial differential equation with logistic growth, movement by diffusion and advection, and with Robin boundary conditions. The objective for the problem is to find the harvest rate that maximizes the discounted yield. Optimal harvesting strategies are found numerically.
Tricking CARTO: Cryoablation of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Children with Minimal Radiation Exposure Using the CARTO3 System
Authors: CERESNAK SCOTT R. , NAPPO LYNN , JANSON CHRISTOPHER M. , PASS ROBERT H. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundCARTO3 is frequently used during ablation but is not designed to allow visualization of non‐CARTO3 ablation catheters. We describe how cryoablation catheters can be visualized and recorded using CARTO3 with minimal fluoroscopy (FLUORO) usage.MethodsRetrospective review of patients ≤21 years undergoing cryoablation with CARTO3 from 2010 to 2013 for ablation of supraventricular tachycardia. After mapping with a Navistar catheter, the Navistar was removed and a cryocatheter was utilized. The cryocatheter was connected to the pin box via a jumper cable and the pin box was connected to the CARTO3 patient interface unit. Locations of ablation attempts with the cryocatheter were recorded with the “Create Snapshot” tool. Clinical characteristics and radiation doses were compared between patients undergoing cryoablation (cryoenergy [CRYO]) to an age‐ and diagnosis‐matched control group (CONTROL) undergoing RF ablation.ResultsA total of 174 ablations were performed and 14 patients underwent cryoablation (CRYO, 13.3 ± 4.7 years, weight 42 ± 14 kg). Indications for cryoablation were: five atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (36%), four ectopic atrial tachycardia (29%), three concealed accessory pathways (21%), and two Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndromes (14%). Acute success was achieved in all patients (100%) with no complications and one recurrence (7%). The site of successful cryoablation was successfully recorded on the CARTO3 system in all cases. Radiation doses were low and not different from an age‐, era‐, and diagnosis‐matched control group undergoing RF ablation (CRYO 3.2 ± 0.8 mGy vs CONTROL 1.6 ± 0.4 mGy, P = 0.07).ConclusionsThough a “closed” system, CARTO3 can be “tricked” to allow for the use of cryoablation, allowing clear catheter visualization, mapping, and recording of ablation lesions with minimal FLUORO usage.
Simplified Cardioneuroablation in the Treatment of Reflex Syncope, Functional AV Block, and Sinus Node Dysfunction
Authors: AKSU TOLGA , GOLCUK EBRU , YALIN KIVANÇ , GULER TÜMER ERDEM , ERDEN İSMAIL 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundCardio neuroablation (CNA) is a lesser‐known technique for management of patients with excessive vagal activation on the basis of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of the areas related to the three main autonomic ganglia around the heart. We investigated the effectiveness of selective and/or stepwise RFCA of these areas via right atrium (RA) and/or left atrium (LA) in the patients with recurrent syncope due to excessive vagal activity.MethodsTwenty‐two patients presenting symptomatic functional bradyarrhythmias, neurally mediated reflex syncope (NMS), symptomatic atrioventricular (AV) block, and symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND; number = 8, 7, 7, respectively) were enrolled. The three main paracardiac ganglia were targeted via RA and LA in the patients with NMS and SND. The procedure was performed via RA in the patients with AV block, followed by RFCA of all ganglia via LA, if AV conduction disorder persists. The sites showing fragmented potentials were identified by electrical mapping and verified by high‐frequency stimulation and ablated until atrial electrical potential was completely eliminated (<0.1 mV).ResultsThe patients with NMS and SND were free from new syncopal episode at a mean 12.3 ± 3.4 months and 9.5 ± 3.1 months follow‐up, respectively. Ablation from RA was successful in six of seven patients with AV block. Despite the increased heart rate, the resolution of AV block after the RFCA could not be achieved in one patient who had partial resolution with atropine infusion on admission.ConclusionCNA may be an alternative and safe strategy to reduce NMS episodes, and to treat functional AV block and symptomatic SND, especially in young patients.
Nutrient availability and nutrient use efficiency in plants growing in the transition zone between land and water
Authors: Cavalli G. , Baattrup‐Pedersen A. , Riis T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe transition zone between terrestrial and freshwater habitats is highly dynamic, with large variability in environmental characteristics. Here, we investigate how these characteristics influence the nutritional status and performance of plant life forms inhabiting this zone. Specifically, we hypothesised that: (i) tissue nutrient content differs among submerged, amphibious and terrestrial species, with higher content in submerged species; and (ii) PNUE gradually increases from submerged over amphibious to terrestrial species, reflecting differences in the availability of N and P relative to inorganic C across the land–water ecotone. We found that tissue nutrient content was generally higher in submerged species and C:N and C:P ratios indicated that content was limiting for growth for ca. 20% of plant individuals, particularly those belonging to amphibious and terrestrial species groups. As predicted, the PNUE increased from submerged over amphibious to terrestrial species. We suggest that this pattern reflects that amphibious and terrestrial species allocate proportionally more nutrients into processes of importance for photosynthesis at saturating CO2 availability, i.e. enzymes involved in substrate regeneration, compared to submerged species that are acclimated to lower availability of CO2 in the aquatic environment. Our results indicate that enhanced nutrient loading may affect relative abundance of the three species groups in the land–water ecotone of stream ecosystems. Thus, species of amphibious and terrestrial species groups are likely to benefit more from enhanced nutrient availability in terms of faster growth compared to aquatic species, and that this can be detrimental to aquatic species growing in the land–water ecotone, e.g. Ranunculus and Callitriche.
Lymphocystis disease virus: its importance in aquaculture
Authors: Borrego Juan J. , Valverde Estefania J. , Labella Alejandro M. , Castro Dolores 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) is the causative agent of a well‐known fish viral disease that is characterized by hypertrophy of fibroblastic cells in the connective tissue. This viral disease affects more than 125 wild and cultured species of teleost fish from marine and freshwater environments and has a cosmopolitan geographical distribution. In aquaculture systems, the prevalence ofLCDVinfection is very high, likely reflecting the horizontal transmission of this virus. The incidence rate of the disease may reach 70%, causing significant economic losses for the aquaculture industry. This review provides information on the taxonomy, viral properties, epizootiology and pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and control measures ofLCDVinfection in fish.
Contribution of air pollution to COPD and small airway dysfunction
Authors: Berend Norbert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough in many Western countries levels of ambient air pollution have been improving with the setting of upper limits and better urban planning, air pollution in developing countries and particularly those with rapid industrialization has become a major global problem. Together with increased motor vehicle ownership and traffic congestion, there is a growing issue with airborne particles of respirable size. These particles are thought responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular effects and have also been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. The pathologic effects in the lung are mediated via inflammatory pathways and involve oxidative stress similar to cigarette smoking. These effects are seen in the peripheral airways where the smaller particle fractions are deposited and lead to airway remodelling. However, emphysema and loss of bronchioles seen with cigarette smoking have not been described with ambient air pollution, and there are few studies specifically looking at peripheral airway function. Definitive evidence of air pollution causing COPD is lacking and a different study design is required to link air pollution and COPD.
Role of the private sector in childbirth care: cross‐sectional survey evidence from 57 low‐ and middle‐income countries using Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Benova Lenka , Macleod David , Footman Katharine , Cavallaro Francesca , Lynch Caroline A. , Campbell Oona M. R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveMaternal mortality rates have decreased globally but remain off track for Millennium Development Goals. Good‐quality delivery care is one recognised strategy to address this gap. This study examines the role of the private (non‐public) sector in providing delivery care and compares the equity and quality of the sectors.MethodsThe most recent Demographic and Health Survey (2000–2013) for 57 countries was used to analyse delivery care for most recent birth among >330 000 women. Wealth quintiles were used for equity analysis; skilled birth attendant (SBA) and Caesarean section rates served as proxies for quality of care in cross‐sectoral comparisons.ResultsThe proportion of women who used appropriate delivery care (non‐facility with a SBA or facility‐based births) varied across regions (49–84%), but wealth‐related inequalities were seen in both sectors in all regions. One‐fifth of all deliveries occurred in the private sector. Overall, 36% of deliveries with appropriate care occurred in the private sector, ranging from 9% to 46% across regions. The presence of a SBA was comparable between sectors (≥93%) in all regions. In every region, Caesarean section rate was higher in the private compared to public sector. The private sector provided between 13% (Latin America) and 66% (Asia) of Caesarean section deliveries.ConclusionThis study is the most comprehensive assessment to date of coverage, equity and quality indicators of delivery care by sector. The private sector provided a substantial proportion of delivery care in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Further research is necessary to better understand this heterogeneous group of providers and their potential to equitably increase the coverage of good‐quality intrapartum care.
SCARECROW‐LIKE23 and SCARECROW jointly specify endodermal cell fate but distinctly control SHORT‐ROOT movement
Authors: Long Yuchen , Goedhart Joachim , Schneijderberg Martinus , Terpstra Inez , Shimotohno Akie , Bouchet Benjamin P. , Akhmanova Anna , Gadella Theodorus W. J. , Heidstra Renze , Scheres Ben , Blilou Ikram 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIntercellular signaling through trafficking of regulatory proteins is a widespread phenomenon in plants and can deliver positional information for the determination of cell fate. In the Arabidopsis root meristem, the cell fate determinant SHORT‐ROOT (SHR), a GRAS domain transcription factor, acts as a signaling molecule from the stele to the adjacent layer to specify endodermal cell fate. Upon exiting the stele, SHR activates another GRAS domain transcription factor, SCARCROW (SCR), which, together with several BIRD/INDETERMINATE DOMAIN proteins, restricts movement of SHR to define a single cell layer of endodermis. Here we report that endodermal cell fate also requires the joint activity of both SCR and its closest homologue SCARECROW‐LIKE23 (SCL23). We show that SCL23 protein moves with zonation‐dependent directionality. Within the meristem, SCL23 exhibits short‐ranged movement from ground tissue to vasculature. Away from the meristem, SCL23 displays long‐range rootward movement into meristematic vasculature and a bidirectional radial spread, respectively. As a known target of SHR and SCR, SCL23 also interacts with SCR and SHR and can restrict intercellular outspread of SHR without relying on nuclear retention as SCR does. Collectively, our data show that SCL23 is a mobile protein that controls movement of SHR and acts redundantly with SCR to specify endodermal fate in the root meristem.
Riesgos y tensiones de las marcas colectivas y denominaciones de origen de las creaciones colectivas artesanales indígenas
Authors: Barrera Jurado Gloria Stella , Quiñones Aguilar Ana Cielo , Jacanamijoy Juajibioy Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo se realizó como parte del proceso de la investigación “Protección de las creaciones artesanales colectivas indígenas desde el enfoque de derechos humanos”, la cual se viene elaborando para comprender e interpretar las dinámicas de las creaciones indígenas y sus posibles formas de protección. Durante mucho tiempo los conocimientos tradicionales indígenas fueron de interés solo para algunos intelectuales, artistas y científicos sociales, mientras que para otros eran invisibles, despreciados y concebidos como atrasados. Hoy para diversos actores sociales adquieren un gran valor al considerarse como significativas mercancías para la explotación comercial. Actualmente contamos con una gran preocupación por lo que hemos denominado en este trabajo las apropiaciones consentidas y las apropiaciones no consentidas de estas creaciones por parte del Estado, empresas, artistas y diseñadores, por lo cual realizamos una aproximación a dos casos de estudio que han tenido importante relevancia mediática. Este análisis suscitó más preguntas que respuestas.
Organización comunitaria y sustentabilidad del agua
Authors: Sandoval Moreno Adriana 
Published: September 2015

Mediante el método cualitativo se analiza cómo las organizaciones comunitarias para el riego y para el consumo humano del agua hacen frente a la problemática de la sustentabilidad de este recurso en la región Lerma-Chapala de Michoacán, México. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, que las organizaciones se basan en arreglos consuetudinarios, buscan la distribución equitativa del agua y tienen una función de control sobre esta en forma de autogestión, con recursos propios, capacidades, saberes y marcos institucionales comunitarios. Por otro lado, hay evidencias de desgaste y presión hacia estas formas de acción colectiva, debido a las dinámicas productivas del modelo económico imperante. Como conclusión se anotan los aportes de estas organizaciones para la sustentabilidad del agua en la región. </span></p></div></div></div>
Rankings de los programas de posgrado en contabilidad: análisis de producción docente según publicación en revistas brasileñas (2000-2009)
Authors: Barros Costa Abimael De Jesus , Barbosa Lustosa Paulo Roberto 
Published: September 2015

El objetivo de la investigación fue describir laproducción docente de los posgrados en contabilidad (Programade Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, PPGCC),en una ventana de tiempo de 10 años (2000-2009). A partirdel análisis de 27 revistas, se creó una base de datos con lametodología de Joshua G. Coyne, Scott L. Summers, BradyWilliams y David A. Wood (2009). Para ello, se elaboraronrankings para ayudar a responder la pregunta de investigación.Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis descriptivo delos artículos. El ranking general del PPGCC evidenció queel programa de la USP (Universidade de São Paulo) es elmás destacado. Por su parte, el programa de la FURB (FundaçãoUniversidade Regional de Blumenau) resultó sobresalienteen cuanto a la metodología empírica de estudio decaso, mientras que el programa de la UFPE (UniversidadeFederal de Pernambuco) presenta producción académicarelevante en el ámbito de fiscalidad. Los programas secaracterizan por investigación empírica a partir de bases dedatos y concentrada en el área de contabilidad financiera.En general, los PPGCC que se destacan son los de la USP,FURB, FUCAPE (Fundação Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisasem Contabilidade, Economia e Finanças), UFMG (UniversidadeFederal de Minas Gerais) y USP-RP (Universidade de São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto). Entre otros resultados, seconstató que tales programas se caracterizan por el elevadonúmero de profesores de tiempo completo y por la predominanciade investigación empírica positivista en finanzas,que constituye el 80% de las publicaciones. La mayoría delos artículos publicados son de autoría en parejas o cuartetos.Por último, de 2000 a 2009, su desempeño fue enaumento.
La teoría de los costosdesempeños ocultos: una aproximación teórica
Authors: Parra-Acosta José Fabián , Peña-González Yeimy Carolina 
Published: September 2015

El documento hace una aproximación teóricaal concepto de costos ocultos, entendiéndolos como losdisfuncionamientos resultantes por la interacción entre lasestructuras organizacionales y los comportamientos humanos.Estos costos se denominan ocultos ya que no logranser evidenciados por los sistemas contables tradicionales,por no tener las características de los costos visibles, lo quehace que su existencia y cuantía sean ignoradas a la hora detomar la mayoría de las decisiones organizacionales.Los profesores franceses Henri Savall y Véronique Zardetjunto con su grupo de estudios del Institut de socioéconomiedes entreprises et des organizations (Institutode Socio-Economía de las Empresas y de las Organizaciones,ISEOR) de la Universidad de Lyon, han trabajado enel desarrollo de un método que permita la medición delos costos ocultos. Para ello, han generado una serie de indicadorescon los que se busca determinar y eliminar loscostos ocultos existentes en una organización. A partirdel análisis de costos-desempeños ocultos, Savall y Zardethan diseñado dos modelos administrativos: el Modelo de Gestión Socioeconómica que permite asociar el desempeñoeconómico de la empresa (técnico y comercial) y el socialy humano, y el Modelo HORIVERT (HORIzontal-VERTical)propone mejorar la calidad integral de las organizaciones(interna y externa) e incrementar el desempeño económicoy social.Este artículo busca ser una base de futuras investigacionessobre la temática, al mostrar —por medio de una aproximaciónteórica— cómo estos modelos permiten a las organizacionesobtener mayores beneficios sin necesidad derealizar más inversiones en ellas, lo cual mejora su gestiónorganizacional.
Bancos en Brasil y España: factores explicativos de revelación del capital relacional
Authors: Herrera Rodríguez Edila Eudemia , Macagnan Clea Beatriz 
Published: September 2015

Este artículo analiza la revelación voluntaria de informaciones sobre capital relacional del negocio y los factores explicativos, de los bancos inscritos en las bolsas de valores de Brasil y España. Este estudio se basa en la existencia de la asimetría de información en el mercado de capitales, debido a la diferencia entre el precio de mercado y el valor contable de estas organizaciones. La teoría de la agencia plantea que revelar informaciones voluntarias reduce los costes de agencia. La teoría del coste del propietario presupone que revelar informaciones genera costes. La necesidad de transparencia informativa surge precisamente por las presiones del mercado. En este sentido, este trabajo está orientado a suscitar interés entre los agentes por revelar información voluntaria, para reducir el problema de la información asimétrica en el mercado de capitales. Este estudio analiza la revelación de 66 indicadores sobre informaciones representativas del capital relacional del negocio de 27 bancos, en 162 informes anuales, durante el período 2006-2011. La muestra está conformada por bancos que presentan sus informes anuales completos en la página web durante el período de estudio. Se construyó una matriz para cada banco, con una columna para los indicadores y una columna para cada año, con el número uno si el indicador era revelado y cero, si no era revelado. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo para examinar el nivel de revelación por país. Se utilizó la técnica de regresión lineal múltiple, por el método de mínimos cuadrados con datos de panel para su análisis. Se concluye que entre mayor sea el tamaño del banco, mayor rentabilidad tenga, más endeudado esté y más años de existencia tenga, mayor será la revelación de informaciones voluntarias sobre intangibles relativos al capital relacional.