bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting academic-practice partnerships through students' practice placement
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Celo Cecilia , Myraunet Ingunn , Granå Kjell Emil , Ellingham Brian 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The notion of a gap between the academic and the practice segments of the occupational therapy profession is commonplace. The Scholarship of Practice is one of the collaboration models that have been introduced as possible means for bridging this gap, but so far, research based on this model has not extensively addressed the potential of students' clinical placement. Aim: With a view to possible remedies for the academic-practice gap, the purpose of this paper is to outline and discuss possible advantages from a collaborative project concerning the usefulness of the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS) that was carried out between students, fieldwork educators, and university faculty. Outline of the project: Six occupational therapy students and their fieldwork educators collaborated in an exploration of the clinical usefulness of the ACIS during the students' second year mental health clinical placement. Experiences from the project were put into context with previous developments aimed at improving academic-practice partnerships. Discussion: The Scholarship of Practice model provides guidelines for reducing the research-practice gap in the occupational therapy profession. It is argued that the presented project adhered to the principles of practitioner-centredness and developing partnerships, whereas the creation of synergies was somewhat less realised. The organising of joint projects during practice placements, involving students, fieldwork educators, and university faculty, appears to be one method of increasing and improving relationships between the parties involved.
Intra- and inter-rater reliability in photogrammetric pelvic tilt angles analysis
Authors: Bonifácio Douglas , Lopes Íris , Martins Fábio , Barbosa Michelle , Vitorino Débora , Barbosa Augusto 
Published: June 2014

Background/aims: Digital images are an inexpensive and complete method for registering pelvic positions and their changes as a result of clinical intervention. This study aimed to evaluate intra- and inter-observer reliability of pelvic tilt angles from anterior, posterior and bilateral views. Methods: Photographs of the anterior, lateral and posterior views of subjects (n=93) were analysed by Alcimage software, which marked pelvic tilt angles (right (R) and left (L) side views): between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and one horizontal line; beyond the angle between the two ASIS and one vertical line (ANT); and between the two PSIS and another vertical line (POST). Three observers evaluated the photos twice. Intra- and inter-observer reliability were assessed using the t-test, correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (P<0.05). Findings: The intra- and inter-observer t-test showed no significant difference. The intra-and inter-observer correlation coefficients varied between 0.9994 and 0.9760 and between 0.9510 and 0.9941 respectively. The ICC and CV between intra-observer measures were classified as excellent for the angles R and L but not for the angles ANT and POST. Inter-observer ICC was also high for the R, L and POST angles but poor for the ANT angle. Conclusion: The angles analysed from a sagittal view using photogrammetry enable the monitoring of possible longitudinal changes in pelvic tilt. However, the angles analysed from a frontal view may not be suitable for the diagnosis of pelvic asymmetries.
Possible Exacerbation of Crohn's Disease Caused By Varenicline
Authors: Rowland Martin , Koenigsfeld Carrie Foust , Wall Geoffrey C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurpose: To report a case of an increase in Crohn's disease (CD) activity possibly caused by varenicline. Background: Smoking cigarettes has been shown to be an independent risk factor for the development of CD and is associated with a more aggressive disease course. Smoking cessation is therefore considered a primary adjunctive goal for such patients. Varenicline is a partial nicotinic agonist, which selectively binds to the α-4, β-2 receptor. This receptor is thought to play a large role in the additive properties of nicotine and the drug is approved in the United States for this purpose. Case results: A 62-year-old female with a 12-year history of stable, quiescent CD, presented to her physician with symptoms of severe nausea, frequent episodes of vomiting, abdominal cramping, and significant diarrhoea, all of which was thought to be her first exacerbation of CD in years. The patient had started varenicline 2 days prior to the initiation of symptoms and had continued worsening symptoms for the next 2 weeks during which she continued the drug. One week after discontinuing varenicline the symptoms abated completely. Due to its pharmacology as a nicotine partial agonist, varenicline was thought to have possibly caused an exacerbation of this patient's CD. Conclusion: A patient had a possible exacerbation of her CD triggered by varenicline used for smoking cessation. Because smoking cessation is imperative in CD patients, care should be used when starting varenicline for this purpose.
The land of the two rivers under the black banner: Visual communication of al-Qa῾ida in Iraq
Authors: Günther Christoph 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article seeks to explore specific modes of visual communication concerning the so called ‘Islamic State of Iraq.’ As an alliance of some Jihadist groups under the lead of al-Qa῾ida in Iraq, this movement managed after the year 2003 to temporarily seize control of some parts of the Iraqi soil and perpetrate mass-casualty attacks. Hence, it still poses one of the most serious threats for the young Iraqi republic.
Regardless of the actual validity of this ‘state’, the article argues that Jihadist groups are able to operate in the Middle East, among other things, because they manage to connect their ideas, norms and beliefs to the cultural memory of their recipients. They employ symbols and semantics that gain effect through re-connection to the religious and cultural heritage. These symbols and semantics are, at the same time, used to frame reality in a specific way and portray the Jihadist ideology as the serious basis for an alternative model for society.
The article will examine the political iconography of the ‘Islamic State of Iraq’ in digitally circulated images. It will present an iconological analysis of the composition and construction of paradigmatic icons and images and will show which motifs, themes and narratives are employed to give meaning to iconographical representations.
Імунологічні зміни у вагітних із дисбіотичними порушеннями
Authors: Nikulina Y. Y. , Sokolova I. E. , Vinnikov A. I. 
Published: June 2014

The biological properties of the vaginosis pathogens isolated from 255 pregnant patients of the Pregnancy Pathology Department of the Mechnikov Dnipropetrovsk Region Clinical Hospital were studied. It was found that all investigated microflora was represented by the Candida yeasts, Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamidia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis and Leptotrix vaginalis. The yeasts of genus Candida were the most common isolated pathogens of the vaginosis in pregnant women. The presence of Candida sp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamidia trachomatis and Toxoplasma gondii in the vaginal smears taken from pregnant women was accompanied by changes of the immunity cell parameters and concentration of circulating immune complexes.
Аскорбат-глутатіонова система захисту рослин кукурудзи в умовах дії іонів нікелю
Authors: Bil’chuk V. S. , Rossikhina-Galycha А. S. 
Published: June 2014

Influence of nickel ions on growth reaction in maize seedlings of Orjitza 237MV hybrid and the content of low-molecular antioxidants in assimilation organs are investigated. The dependence of morphometric parameters of seedling roots and sprouts on the concentration of nickel ions is established. Considerable depression of growth and development of vegetative organs at a juvenile period occurs under long-term action of the metal in concentrations of 0.05–1.00 mM/l. The changes of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid content under nickel ions influence are found in the leaves photosynthesizing tissue of the maize seedlings. It leads to a variation of the reducing activity in the tissues. The given fact can testify to an oxidizing stress under nickel ions effect and to participation of the low-molecular antioxidants in the plants adaptation to xenobiotics influence. Period of renewal of the glutathione and ascorbic acid metabolism in experimental samples was determined by the concentration of the nickel nitrate.
Electro-kinetically assisted liposomal drug delivery system for characterization of ex-vivo cell-drug interactions
Authors: Kalyana Kumar Rajeshwari Taruvai , Wangzhou Andi , Kinnamon David , Prasad Shalini 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis work presents a strategy to perform ex-vivo cell-drug interaction studies through electro-kinetically assisted drug delivery system. Here, we present a novel technique to electro-kinetically control the vesicles carrying drug to deliver to pre-determined locations. In order to achieve efficient targeted drug delivery, effect of electrokinetic attractive and repulsive forces on liposomes and target cells were studied and presented. The device consists of a simple bifurcated microfluidic chamber and microelectrodes that assist in carrying the liposomes to the target location. To test the prototype, fully grown human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293) and trypsin as test drug was used. External electrical signal with voltages less than of 5 V peak-to-peak (Vpp) for cells and 10 Vpp for liposomes were applied over a spectrum of frequencies to study the effect of electrokinetic forces. Through this label-free method, we were able to study loading and unloading efficiency of the drug without altering the natural properties of the liposomes and target cells. In this study, characterization and performance comparison studies for two different types of materials (HEK cells and liposomes) were performed. We were able to achieve an overall efficiency of approximately 85%. Various electrical parameters such as applied voltage, frequency and conductivity were manipulated to study the drug-cell interaction. This electrokinetic based method will be highly applicable in understanding the effect on drugs on cell populations ex vivo.
Diamond Films: Recent Developments
Authors: Gruen Dieter M. , Buckley-Golder Ian 
Published: June 2014

Carbon in the form of diamond is the stuff of dreams, and the image of the diamond evokes deep and powerful emotions in humans. Following the successful synthesis of diamond by high-pressure methods in the 1950s, the startling development of the low-pressure synthesis of diamond films in the 1970s and 1980s almost immediately engendered great expectations of utility. The many remarkable properties of diamond due in part to its being the most atomically dense material in the universe (hardness, thermal conductivity, friction coefficient, transparency, etc.) could at last be put to use in a multitude of practical applications. “The holy grail”—it was realized early on—would be the development of large-area, doped, single-crystal diamond wafers for the fabrication of high-temperature, extremely fast integrated circuits leading to a revolution in computer technology.Excitement in the community of chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond researchers, funding agencies, and industrial companies ran high in expectation of early realization for many of the commercial goals that had been envisioned: tool, optical, and corrosion-resistant coatings; flat-panel displays; thermomanagement for electronic components, etc. Market projection predicting diamond-film sales in the billions of dollars by the year 2000 was commonplace. Hopes were dashed when these optimistic predictions ran up against the enormous scientific and technical problems that had to be overcome in order for those involved to fully exploit the potential of diamond. This experience is not new to the scientific community. One need only remind oneself of the hopes for cheap nuclear power or for high-temperature superconducting wires available at hardware stores to realize that the lag between scientific discoveries and their large-scale applications can be very long. Diamond films are in fact being used today in commercial applications.
Material Matters
Authors: Pagga Udo 
Published: June 2014

In many European countries the controlled biological treatment of organic solid waste is a suitable method in waste management. Technical prerequisites such as collection and separation systems for household waste often exist and sufficient treatment facilities for controlled aerobic composting or even anaerobic digestion are available. Space for landfill is scarce and therefore expensive in many industrial countries and biotreatment is much cheaper than incineration. The advantage of composting compared to other waste treatment techniques is not only the relatively low costs but also the technical reasons. An obvious example is the direct disposal of packaging with alimentary residues and the subsequent biological treatment. Not only green waste from gardens or biowaste from kitchens can be treated, but any compostable material is in principle suitable, for example waste from the food industry or packaging and packaging materials made from paper, cardboard, wood, or biodegradable plastics. Biological treatment has already become a good way of meeting, for example, Germany legislative targets to reduce and recycle garbage.Prerequisites for controlled biological treatment are suitable technical facilities plus standards and directives for waste management. An example is the European packaging directive which harmonizes national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste. The aim is to prevent any impact of the use of packaging on the environment or to reduce such an impact. For applying this directive and any similar regulations, it is important to have clear definitions, standardized test methods, and suitable evaluation criteria to identify biodegradable packaging materials and to differentiate compostable from noncompostable packaging materials which can commonly be used and the results of which are accepted by all parties concerned.
Thermal Conductivity of Quasicrystals and Associated Processes
Authors: Archambault P. , Janot C. 
Published: June 2014

Quasicrystals (QCs) exhibit unusual physical properties that are significantly different from those of crystalline materials and are not expected for alloys consisting of normal metallic elements. Opposite to conventional metallic alloys, their thermal conductivity and diffusivity are unusually low (with a positive temperature coefficient)—practically that of an insulator—which is atypical for materials containing about 70-at.% aluminum. Moreover the thermal conductivity decreases when the structural perfection is improved. One observes a low, if any, electronic contribution to the heat capacity and thus a vanishing density of electronic states at the Fermi level.The origin of this unexpected behavior was first attributed to the existence of a deep pseudogap at the Fermi level with a localization tendency of electrons near the Fermi level.However experimental evidence led to an alternative approach related to the structure of quasicrystals. In QCs, well-defined atomic clusters form self-similar subsets of the structure over which electronic and vibrational states are expected to extend. According to the inflation symmetry of the icosahedral structure, the so-called recurrent localization effects may then explain the conduction behavior and other striking features of quasicrystals (e.g., brittleductile transition at high temperature, corrosion resistance, low friction, high hardness).In the following, we first present the main thermal properties of quasicrystalline alloys compared to those of conventional materials with an emphasis on the variation of the thermal conductivity with temperature. The combination of such peculiar conduction, mechanical, and tribological properties gives the quasicrystalline alloys a technological interest for applications where superficial thermal and mechanical conditions are of prime importance. This is illustrated with two examples involving a QC coating on a base Al substrate: (1) thermal insulation for which a low conductivity is needed and (2) quenching heat-transfer modification due to a low-effusivity superficial effect. These processes are then explained in the third part of this article in terms of the cluster-modes delocalization mechanism responsible for the low conductivity of the quasicrystals.
Modeling of Powder Compaction: A Review
Authors: Aydin I. , Briscoe B.J. , Ozkan N. 
Published: June 2014

The compaction process involves stress transmission via rigid or flexible (die) walls and the propagation of stresses within a powder mass. The particles that comprise the powder distribute the stress by a variety of kinematic processes that involve sliding, rotation, particle deformation, and rupture. In practice the “particles” are often agglomerates of finer particles that have a range of properties. All of these factors must be considered in developing a comprehensive predictive model for compaction.The modeling of powder-compaction processes has a significant history that has been greatly advanced by the relatively recent general availability of powerful computers and their peripherals as well as by appropriate softwares. Compaction modeling may attempt to provide a basis for machine-loading specifications, or it may provide guidelines to help minimize “capping” defects where failure cracks form at the top of the green compact. It may also provide “green-body heterogeneity” through predicted stress and density distributions within a compact. Likewise compaction models may be combined with binder burnout and sintering models to predict internal microstructural features such as grain size and porosity, and the external shape of the sintered product. This article will deal only with the modeling of the compaction process; important elements such as powder flow for die filling and subsequent processing steps such as sintering and net shape predictions are not directly addressed.
Kinetic Pathways to Strain Relaxation in the Si-Ge System
Authors: Jesson D.E. , Chen K.M. , Pennycook S.J. 
Published: June 2014

The strain-induced transition of a planar film to a three-dimensional island morphology is presently a significant issue in the growth of semiconductor thin films. Strain-induced roughening can be problematic in the fabrication of coherently strained device structures where it is important to understand the early stages of the transition to avoid or suppress three-dimensional (3D) growth. On the other hand, the strain-driven transition is beneficial for the self-assembly of quantum dots where it is necessary to control the size distribution and self-organizing behavior of the islands. In both cases, it is clearly important to identify and understand the kinetic pathways to island formation. From a more basic perspective, the strain-induced transition of epitaxial films allows us to study in detail the interplay between elastic stresses and surface energy in a carefully controlled experimental environment. One would therefore hope that the lessons learned from model semiconductor systems will be of relevance to understanding related phenomena in other areas of materials science and physical metallurgy.Ihe strain-induced two-dimensional (2D)-to-3D transition in the Si-Ge system is manifested by a rich variety of observed surface morphologies. In the case of pure Ge on Si(OO1), the 4% misfit strain induces the formation of so-called hut clusters with curious elongated shapes. Such islands form almost immediately after the deposition of a wetting layer. In the case of lower misfit alloys, a more gentle ripple morphology can result that develops far from the interface. A general trend in all of the experiments is the decreasing size of typical morphological features with increasing misfit stress. In this article, largely guided by our experimental results, we adopt a nucleation and growth description of the 2D-to-3D transition. This approach appears particularly well-suited to explaining the wide spectrum of morphological development present in the Si-Ge system.
Medical and Materials Issues of the Total Artificial Heart: 1987 MRS Fall Meeting Plenary Address
Authors: DeVries William C. 
Published: June 2014

It really is my pleasure to be here and talk with you because I think that the future of my field is really your field. Those of you here will really be the ones who determine what we in the medical field can do, and how much of what we can do will be the discussion we'll have in the future. I'd like to speak a little bit about something that's been dear to my heart for about 20 years now and that is the development of a total artificial heart. I brought this picture (Figure 1) of the Jarvik, the J-7 100 heart, to show you an example. It is basically a polyurethane rigid casing and polyurethane diaphragm. The diaphragm has four layers … with graphite between them. The movable pumping diaphragm is nondistensible so the walls never touch the outer casing, which is necessary to prevent destruction of blood. There are four clinical-grade valves….. This is a very simple basic device.The idea of the artificial heart first came from Charles Lindbergh. Shortly after coming back from his trans-Atlantic flight, he was told his aunt was dying from aortic stenosis. The doctor said that if there was some way they could actually stop the heart or bypass the heart … long enough to fix the valve, she could live.
New Insights into Synergetic Effect of Halides Ions and Diamine-based Corrosion Inhibitor for HCl Acid
Authors: Al-Taq Ali A. , Ali Shaikh A. , Saleem Jaffar A. , Haji Habeeb H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Addition of halides (KCl, KBr and KI) to corrosion inhibitor systems is intended to enhance their inhibition efficiency due to the synergetic effect. Halides ions have been proven to be good corrosion inhibitor intensifiers in acidic or basic media and for both steel and aluminum. The halides ions themselves act as corrosion inhibitors. This paper sheds lights on some limitations of halides ions (Cl− and Br−) in HCl acid solutions for low carbon steel. The inhibition performance of halides ions as a function of temperature, soaking time and acid concentration was investigated using the gravimetric method. A synthesized diamine corrosion inhibitor was used in this study and the synergetic effect with halides ions was investigated. The testing conditions included HCl acid concentrations of 15 and 28 wt%, soaking time of 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, and temperatures of 60 and 80 and 104°C.
The results revealed that the synergetic effect of Cl− and Br− ions failed at high temperature/acid concentration/soaking time and tended to induce more corrosion. In contrast, iodide ions maintained good intensifying properties with the synthesized diamine corrosion inhibitor at all examined conditions. The value of the synergism parameter was found to be greater than unity for iodide ions at all examined conditions and varied from 1 to less than 1 for Cl− and Br− ions depending on test conditions. The morphology of the corroded surface, examined employing stereomicroscopy, indicated that the corrosion attack occurred over the surfaces of all exposed low carbon steel with varying degree of severity. The most sever attack was observed in coupons exposed to inhibited 28 wt% HCl acid in the presence of Cl− and Br− ions. In contrast, the corrosion attack in the case of coupons exposed to inhibited HCl acid in presence and absence of iodide ions is less severe.