bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the influence of thermal modification on the electrical conductivity of wood
Authors: Brischke Christian , Sachse Kathrin A. , Welzbacher Christian R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A model has been developed aiming at the description of the effect of thermal modification on the electrical conductivity of wood. The intention was to calculate the moisture content (MC) of thermally modified timber (TMT) through the parameters electrical resistance R, wood temperature T, and CIE L*a*b* color data, which are known to correlate well with the intensity of a heat treatment. Samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) samples were thermally modified in laboratory scale at 11 different heat treatment intensities and the resistance characteristics of the samples were determined. Within the hygroscopic range, a linear relationship between the resistance characteristics and the mass loss (ML) through the heat treatment was established. Based on this, a model was developed to calculate MC from R, T, and ML. To validate this model, color values of 15 different TMTs from industrial production were determined for estimation of their ML and fed into the model. MC of the 15 arbitrarily heat-treated TMTs was calculated with an accuracy of ±3.5% within the hygroscopic range. The material-specific resistance characteristics based on experimental data led to an accuracy of ±2.5%.
Apparent hot and cold spots of acceleration along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States
Authors: Parker Albert 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

While sea levels are known to oscillate with
multi-decadal periodicities worldwide up to quasi-60 years,
the most part of the literature on sea levels computes apparent
rates of rise of sea levels much larger than the legitimate
by using short time windows covering only part of a valleyto-
peak quasi-60 year multi-decadal oscillation. It is shown
that along the North Atlantic coast of the United States the
sea levels oscillate closely to the AMO index, and the rate
of rise of sea levels computed by linear fitting of the last
30-36 years of data is much higher than the true value. It is
also shown that similar minimum requirement of 60 years
of recording is needed along the North Pacific coast of the
US, where the longer periodicity of the oscillations is not
clearly defined; possibly for the strong ENSO signal covering
a quasi-60 years oscillation.
Antibacterial and mechanical properties of propolis added to glass ionomer cement
Authors: Hatunoğlu Erdem , Öztürk Fırat , Bilenler Tuğça , Aksakallı Sertaç , Şimşek Neslihan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To investigate whether adding ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) might influence the antibacterial and mechanical (shear-peel band strength [SPBS]) properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) used in orthodontic band cementation.Materials and Methods:The cement was divided into four groups: one using the original composition and three with 10%, 25%, and 50% EEP added to the liquid and then manipulated. An antimicrobial assay, broth-dilution method was used to determine the antibacterial capacity of the GIC containing EEP. Eighty teeth were used for the mechanical assay, and an Instron testing machine was used to evaluate the SPBS. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses.Results:GIC with the addition of 25% and 50% EEP activated inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) growth, but this effect did not occur in the group to which 10% EEP was added or in the control GIC group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of SPBS (P &gt; .05).Conclusions:The addition of EEP may increase antibacterial properties without negatively modifying the mechanical properties of conventional GIC.
Effect of post–orthognathic surgery condylar axis changes on condylar morphology as determined by 3-dimensional surface reconstruction
Authors: An Soo-Bum , Park Soo-Byung , Kim Yong-Il , Son Woo-Sung 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of postoperative condylar axis changes on mandibular condylar remodeling by comparing the condylar head in three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstructions before and after surgery in skeletal Class III deformities (one-jaw [mandibular setback] or two-jaw surgery), and also to determine the relationship between condylar inward rotation and condylar surface remodeling after orthognathic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted of 30 patients with skeletal Class III deformities who had received orthognathic surgery. Group 1 underwent one-jaw surgery (10 men, five women, age 22.4 ± 3.3 years), and group 2 underwent two-jaw surgery (10 men, five women, age 22.3 ± 2.2 years). Sixty condyles were reconstructed and superimposed pre- and postoperatively to compare the changes of condylar surfaces. The relation between the condylar axis change and the surface change using the Pearson correlation were investigated from the 3D image software.

Results:
Condylar surface changes before and after the surgery were significant. The postoperative inward rotation of the condyles was correlated with the average absolute deviation of the condyles, regardless of the surgery type (one- or 2-jaw surgery; r  =  .70, P &lt; .05).

Conclusion:
After orthognathic surgery, condylar surface changes occurred, and condylar inward rotation was closely related to changes of condylar surface.
Mediterranean Diet Reduces the Adverse Effect of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 Polymorphism on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Stroke Incidence
Authors: Corella Dolores , Carrasco Paula , Sorlí Jose V. , Estruch Ramón , Rico-Sanz Jesús , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Covas M. Isabel , Coltell Oscar , Arós Fernando , Lapetra José , Serra-Majem Lluís , Ruiz-Gutiérrez Valentina , Warnberg Julia , Fiol Miquel , Pintó Xavier , Ortega-Azorín Carolina , Muñoz Miguel Ángel , Martínez J. Alfredo , Gómez-Gracia Enrique , González José I. , Ros Emilio , Ordovás José M. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, but controversially with plasma lipids and cardiovascular disease. Interactions of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on these associations are unknown. We investigated whether the TCF7L2-rs7903146 (C&gt;T) polymorphism associations with type 2 diabetes, glucose, lipids, and cardiovascular disease incidence were modulated by MedDiet.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A randomized trial (two MedDiet intervention groups and a control group) with 7,018 participants in the PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea study was undertaken and major cardiovascular events assessed. Data were analyzed at baseline and after a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular events.

RESULTS
The TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism was associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.87 [95% CI 1.62–2.17] for TT compared with CC). MedDiet interacted significantly with rs7903146 on fasting glucose at baseline (P interaction = 0.004). When adherence to the MedDiet was low, TT had higher fasting glucose concentrations (132.3 ± 3.5 mg/dL) than CC+CT (127.3 ± 3.2 mg/dL) individuals (P = 0.001). Nevertheless, when adherence was high, this increase was not observed (P = 0.605). This modulation was also detected for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (P interaction &lt; 0.05 for all). Likewise, in the randomized trial, TT subjects had a higher stroke incidence in the control group (adjusted HR 2.91 [95% CI 1.36–6.19]; P = 0.006 compared with CC), whereas dietary intervention with MedDiet reduced stroke incidence in TT homozygotes (adjusted HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.49–1.87]; P = 0.892 for TT compared with CC).

CONCLUSIONS
Our novel results suggest that MedDiet may not only reduce increased fasting glucose and lipids in TT individuals, but also stroke incidence.
A Comparison of Oral Health Status in Active-, Occasional- and Non- Smoker Patients Versus Students
Authors: Benedek (Bukhari) Csilla , Kovács Mónika , Pop M , Balog Anita 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective The aim of this case-control study was to assess the smoker and non-smoker patients’ oral health status versus students.
Methods: The study was based on a clinical examination of 210 young adults (118 women, 92 men) aged between 22-32 years. 105 of these were students in the 5th and 6th grade of the Faculty of Dentistry in Tîrgu Mureș and the control group was represented by patients. Patients and students were classified into three groups: non-smokers, occasional- and active smokers. The clinical examination evaluated the dental caries, fillings, extractions, crowns, root remnants and dental plaque. DMF-S index scores were calculated, and with its help the index of treatment need, dental care index and intensity of caries were determined.
Results: The dental treatment need index, DMF-S index and intensity of caries showed increased values in patients. Root remnants (p <0.0001), decay (p = 0.0473) and dental plaque (p = 0.0363) were much higher in the group of active smoker students as in the non-smoker students. Among active smoker patients the incidence of dental calculus (p = 0.0005), of root remnants (p = 0.0022) and of fillings (p = 0.0441) showed a higher value than in the non-smokers.
Conclusions: This study showed that compared with non-student patients, in dental students, a better oral hygiene was coupled with healthier teeth and periodontal. Poor oral hygiene together with smoking seems to worsen the oral health status.
Serum Interleukin Profile in Patients with Graves Orbithopathy
Authors: Réti Zsuzsánna , Kun Iz , Radu Pop Corina Cristina 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is considered an autoimmune condition in close relationship with Graves’ disease (GD) affecting the thyroid. Several similarities exist between the two conditions, sharing the common antigen and the characteristics of the inflammation mediated by a number of cytokines. The result of the immune reactions will lead to the expansion of adipose tissue, production of glycosaminoglycans and soft tissue inflammation.
Material and methods: In our study we examined the serum level of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in correlation with the activity of disease and smoking habits in 25 patients with GD and GO.
Results: We found that smokers had higher serum IL-6 and lower serum MCP-1, IL-8 and TNF-α level compared to non-smokers. Also, we found a weak positive correlation between serum IL-10, IFN-γ and disease activity (clinical activity score, CAS) and negative correlation between serum IL-1 and activity.
Conclusion: Our findings support the fact that some cytokines (IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1) play a role in active disease, while others are influenced by environmental factors, such as smoking (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α). The discrepancy of cytokine profiles may reflect different patient characteristics, such as disease stage and disease activity and determination of serum cytokines would be useful in selecting patients who need more aggressive treatment protocols.
Household Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Risk of Allergic Sensitization Among Children with Asthma
Authors: Căpîlna Brîndușa , Baghiu Maria Despina 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Exposure to cigarette smoke is causing health problems, its components are known to possess carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic or irritant properties. Prevalence of smoking in pregnant women is between 17% and 35% worldwide. Passive smoking is identified as a factor with negative impact on health, and children are especially vulnerable. Children raised in families with smokers have a higher incidence of respiratory infections, recurrent wheezing, bronchitis, nocturnal cough and asthma. The aim of this study was determination of sensitization to various allergens in children exposed to cigarette smoke compared with children not exposed to cigarette smoke.
Material and method: One-hundred eighty children treated in Pediatric Clinic 1 of Tîrgu Mureș were included in the study between 2008- 2011. The patients were divided into two groups: 50 children exposed to cigarette smoke and 130 children not exposed. Measurement of lung function was performed in children over 4 years using a spirometer. Serum specific IgE was analyzed to inhalatory and food allergens. Wheezing phenotype was determined in children younger than 4 years and exposure to cigarette smoke was evaluated based on parents' responses to questionnaires.
Results: There was a significantly greater likelihood of developing sensitivity in children exposed to tobacco smoke than in those not exposed to dermatophagoides pteronissimus, dermatophagoides farinae, milk and grass pollen.
Conclusions: During early childhood both pre- and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure has an adjuvant effect on allergic sensitization inhalatory and food allergens.
Lower Lip Reconstruction Using Unilateral Nasolabial Gate Flap (Fujimori Technique)
Authors: Iacob Alina , Bögözi Bálint 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: In the medical literature there are multiple reconstructive procedures for small and medium size defects of the lower lip, but only a few methods for larger defects involving the whole lower lip. Choosing the repairing procedure for larger lower lip defects must take into account two aspects: flap or flaps used should be local flaps, and suture lines should correspond to the natural facial creases or follow the functional lines of different facial aesthetic units. Finally, the flap or flaps should be large enough to restore the entire postexcisional defect. However, the more tissue is lost from the lower lip, the more challenging the reconstruction is from a functional and cosmetic point of view.
Material and methods: During the last 2 years in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital in Tîrgu Mureș, the unilateral Fujimori technique has been successfully used for the reconstruction of large lower lip defects in 4 patients with extended, neglected squamous cell carcinomas involving almost the whole lower lip tissue. These patients underwent complex surgical and oncological treatment. Surgery was performed in two stages: first, excision of the tumor and immediate lip reconstruction, and then removal of submandibular lymph nodes (level I), in the second stage.
Results: The aesthetic and functional recovery of these patients was very good, with no need of other subsequent surgical corrections.
Conclusions: The postoperative reconstruction of large defects of the lower lip is far from optimal, but it is very important to restore an adequate muscle function, the lip continence and a satisfactory facial appearance.
Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin and Amlodipine in Industrial Tablets by Apparent Content Curve and HPLC Methods
Authors: Imre Silvia , Kacsó Klára , Muntean Daniela-Lucia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroduction: This study proposes the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and amlodipine in industrial tablets by a quantitative spectrophotometric method, named the apparent content curve method, test method, and by an HPLC method with UV detection as reference method.Materials and methods: A synthetic mixture and two fixed medicinal combinations containing amlodipine and atorvastatin were investigated by the apparent content curve method, a simple and relatively inexpensive UV-VIS spectrophotometric method based on a mathematical approach derived from the Lambert-Beer law. The results were compared with those obtained by an HPLC method.Results: A good correlation of the results was obtained, the difference between the pair results was not significant (p >0.05).Conclusions: The proposed spectrophotometric method is an easier and cheaper alternative for the quantitative determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in industrial fixed-dose combinations.
The Superiority of the Micrographic Surgery Technique in the Surgical Treatment of Facial Basal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Hârceagă Olimpiu , Baican Corina , Cosgarea Rodica 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the benefits and disadvantages of using micrographic surgery in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) of the face. We compared the classic surgery with the micrographic surgery by using a prospective randomized comparative study for two groups of patients.
Methods: Patients included in the study were divided into two groups. The first group was treated by Mohs Surgery. A number of 49 patients who presented 52 tumors were included in this group. In the second group were included 52 patients with 53 tumors. These patients were treated by classic surgery. Patients were scheduled for follow-up and evaluation of efficacy of the two surgical methods.
Results: The mean follow-up was one year for the micrographic surgery group and 1.1 years for the classic surgery group. For the micrographic surgery group we noted zero recurrences and for the classic surgery group we had two (3.7%) recurrences in two different patients. Treatment time (surgical excision) was 21 minutes for the classic surgery group and 47 minutes for the micrographic surgery group.
Conclusions: Micrographic surgery remains the gold standard for the treatment of BCC at the head level. Micrographic surgery is the only treatment method which is reporting healing rates over 95% in the majority of studies. A good selection of the cases is mandatory; micrographic surgery should be used for aggressive tumors in difficult location and especially on the face.
The Management of Cryptorchidism at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of Tîrgu Mureș
Authors: Gozar H , Prișcă R , Derzsi Zoltán 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Cryptorchidism is the most common abnormality of the male sexual development and one of the most common diagnoses in children hospitalized in the Pediatric Surgery Clinic. The diagnosis is mainly clinical: the testis cannot be seen or palpated in the scrotum. For this malformation, the treatment is always surgical: the orchiopexy.
Material and method: This is a retrospective study performed in 2012 in our clinic. The purpose of the study is to report our experience during a year in the management of this abnormality.
Results: There is a standard technique with two incisions (inguinal and scrotal) which was used in 77.12% of cases and a newer technique (Bianchi), with a single incision (scrotal), used in 22.88% of cases.
Conclusion: The results after surgery for cryptorchidism in every case were good, with both techniques.
Approaches to Scoring Translation in the PROFEX EMP Exam
Authors: Hegedűs Anita 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroduction: This paper undertakes to investigate the connection between two approaches to scoring translation by examining 115 test papers of the translation component of the C1 level PROFEX English for Medical Purposes (EMP) exam. The main objective of the study is to reveal whether, and to what extent, the method of assessment influences the score.Material and method: The test papers were scored independently by two experienced raters according to the marking scale of the PROFEX EMP exam, then holistic scoring was carried out by a third rater, who was uninformed of the official scores for the test papers. Correlations were calculated, first between the holistic scores and the official scores based on the combined holistic and discrete point approach, then between other components of the written part of PROFEX EMP exam (reading comprehension and writing) and the holistic scores and the scores reached with the combined method, respectively.Results: A strong correlation has been revealed between the scores achieved by the purely holistic method and those assessed with the combined holistic and discrete point approach. The holistic method was shown to be slightly more reliable than the combined approach.Conclusion: The study has revealed that the method of assessment does not significantly influence the score in the evaluation of translation in the PROFEX EMP exam.
Study of Cyclodextrin/Fluoroquinolone Inclusion Complexes by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Székely-Szentmiklósi Blanka , Tőkés B 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroduction: In the present work we evaluated the complexation role of cyclodextrins toward fluoroquinolones in an attempt to assess their potential as new formulation additives for more efficient fluoroquinolone delivery and as selectors in capillary electrophoresis.Material and method: Guest-host interactions of two second generation quinolones, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin with four cyclodextrins, beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and two beta-cyclodextrin derivatives, 2-hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin (RAMEB), were tested by capillary electrophoresis in borate running buffer. Experimental parameters like buffer concentration, pH, organic modifier, voltage and cyclodextrin concentration have been varied for a better resolution.Results: In capillary zone electrophoresis ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin are migrating together, a difference in their migration times and thus separation occured by the addition of cyclodextrins.Conclusion: Our results suggest formation of inclusion complexes between fluoroquinolones and cyclodextrins. Differences in their affinity to host molecules resulted in separation of the two fluoroquinolones
A Comparison Between Numerical Differentiation and Kalman Filtering for a Leo Satellite Velocity Determination
Authors: Sharifi M.A. , Seif M.R. , Hadi M.A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The kinematic orbit is a time series of position vectors generally obtained from GPS observations. Velocity vector is required for satellite gravimetry application. It cannot directly be observed and should be numerically determined from position vectors. Numerical differentiation is usually employed for a satellite’s velocity, and acceleration determination. However, noise amplification is the single obstacle to the numerical differentiation. As an alternative, velocity vector is considered as a part of the state vector and is determined using the Kalman filter method. In this study, velocity vector is computed using the numerical differentiation (e.g., 9-point Newton interpolation scheme) and Kalman filtering for the GRACE twin satellites. The numerical results show that Kalman filtering yields more accurate results than numerical differentiation when they are compared with the intersatellite range-rate measurements.