bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in abdominal obesity
Authors: Schneider H. J. , Klotsche J. , Friedrich N. , Schipf S. , Völzke H. , Silber S. , März W. , Nauck M. , Pittrow D. , Wehling M. , Sievers C. , Lehnert H. , Stalla G. K. , Wittchen H. ‐U. , Wallaschofski H. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryObesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome. However, not all obese individuals have cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). It is not clear how many abdominally obese individuals are free of CVRF and what distinguishes them from the group of obese individuals with CVRF. In this study, we aimed to assess the associated factors and prevalence of abdominal obesity without CVRF. In our cross‐sectional analysis, we included n = 4244 subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), a population‐based study and n = 6671 subjects from the Diabetes Cardiovascular Risk‐Evaluation: Targets and Essential Data for Commitment of Treatment (DETECT) study, a representative primary care study in Germany. We defined abdominal obesity by waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) of 0.5 or greater. We assessed how many subjects with abdominal obesity had CVRF based on the definition of the metabolic syndrome. We analysed which conditions were associated with the absence of CVRF in abdominal obesity. In SHIP and DETECT, 2652 (62.5%) and 5126 (76.8%) subjects had a WHtR ≥ 0.5. Among those with a WHtR ≥ 0.5, 9.0% and 13.8% were free of CVRF and 49.9% and 52.7% had at least two CVRF in SHIP and DETECT, respectively. In both studies, after backward elimination, age, male sex, body mass index and high liver enzymes and unemployment were consistently inversely associated with the absence of CVRF. Among abdominally obese subjects, the prevalence of metabolically healthy subjects is low. Conditions consistently associated with the absence of CVRF in abdominal obesity are younger age, female sex, low BMI, and normal liver enzymes, the latter likely reflecting the absence of steatohepatitis.
Pharmacobezoar in an obese patient with intragastric balloon: a case revealed at endoscopy
Authors: Kotzampassi K. , Grosomanidis V. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPharmacobezoar formation is a very rare complication that occurs in cases of altered gastrointestinal motility or to a background of disturbed anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. The case of an obese and depressed patient treated by an intragastric balloon for weight loss, who was revealed to have a pharmacobezoar during endoscopy for early balloon removal, is presented. The possible causes of pharmacobezoar formation in such a patient treated with an intragastric balloon are discussed.
Diminished trkA receptor signaling reveals cholinergic‐attentional vulnerability of aging
Authors: Parikh Vinay , Howe William M. , Welchko Ryan M. , Naughton Sean X. , D'Amore Drew E. , Han Daniel H. , Deo Monika , Turner David L. , Sarter Martin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe cellular mechanisms underlying the exceptional vulnerability of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons during pathological aging have remained elusive. Here we employed an adeno‐associated viral vector‐based RNA interference (AAV‐RNAi) strategy to suppress the expression of tropomyosin‐related kinase A (trkA) receptors by cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert/substantia innominata (nMB/SI) of adult and aged rats. Suppression of trkA receptor expression impaired attentional performance selectively in aged rats. Performance correlated with trkA levels in the nMB/SI. trkA knockdown neither affected nMB/SI cholinergic cell counts nor the decrease in cholinergic cell size observed in aged rats. However, trkA suppression augmented an age‐related decrease in the density of cortical cholinergic processes and attenuated the capacity of cholinergic neurons to release acetylcholine (ACh). The capacity of cortical synapses to release ACh in vivo was also lower in aged/trkA‐AAV‐infused rats than in aged or young controls, and it correlated with their attentional performance. Furthermore, age‐related increases in cortical proNGF and p75 receptor levels interacted with the vector‐induced loss of trkA receptors to shift NGF signaling toward p75‐mediated suppression of the cholinergic phenotype, thereby attenuating cholinergic function and impairing attentional performance. These effects model the abnormal trophic regulation of cholinergic neurons and cognitive impairments in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. This rat model is useful for identifying the mechanisms rendering aging cholinergic neurons vulnerable as well as for studying the neuropathological mechanisms that are triggered by disrupted trophic signaling.
Worldwide trends in fishing interest indicated by internet search volume
Authors: Wilde G. R. , Pope K. L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThere is a growing body of literature that shows internet search volume on a topic, such as fishing, is a viable measure of salience. Herein, internet search volume for ‘fishing’ and ‘angling’ is used as a measure of public interest in fishing, in particular, recreational fishing. An online tool, Google Insights for Search, which allows one to study internet search terms and their volume since 2004, is used to examine trends in interest in fishing for 50 countries. Trends in normalised fishing search volume, during 2004 through 2011, varied from a 72.6% decrease (Russian Federation) to a 133.7% increase (Hungary). Normalised fishing search volume declined in 40 (80%) of the countries studied. The decline has been relatively large in English‐speaking countries, but also has been large in Central and South American, and European countries. Analyses of search queries provide a low‐cost means of gaining insight into angler interests and, possibly, behaviour in countries around the world.
Predicting long‐term carbon mineralization and trace gas production from thawing permafrost of Northeast Siberia
Authors: Knoblauch Christian , Beer Christian , Sosnin Alexander , Wagner Dirk , Pfeiffer Eva‐Maria 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe currently observed Arctic warming will increase permafrost degradation followed by mineralization of formerly frozen organic matter to carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Despite increasing awareness of permafrost carbon vulnerability, the potential long‐term formation of trace gases from thawing permafrost remains unclear. The objective of the current study is to quantify the potential long‐term release of trace gases from permafrost organic matter. Therefore, Holocene and Pleistocene permafrost deposits were sampled in the Lena River Delta, Northeast Siberia. The sampled permafrost contained between 0.6% and 12.4% organic carbon. CO2 and CH4 production was measured for 1200 days in aerobic and anaerobic incubations at 4 °C. The derived fluxes were used to estimate parameters of a two pool carbon degradation model. Total CO2 production was similar in Holocene permafrost (1.3 ± 0.8 mg CO2‐C gdw−1 aerobically, 0.25 ± 0.13 mg CO2‐C gdw−1 anaerobically) as in 34 000–42 000‐year‐old Pleistocene permafrost (1.6 ± 1.2 mg CO2‐C gdw−1 aerobically, 0.26 ± 0.10 mg CO2‐C gdw−1 anaerobically). The main predictor for carbon mineralization was the content of organic matter. Anaerobic conditions strongly reduced carbon mineralization since only 25% of aerobically mineralized carbon was released as CO2 and CH4 in the absence of oxygen. CH4 production was low or absent in most of the Pleistocene permafrost and always started after a significant delay. After 1200 days on average 3.1% of initial carbon was mineralized to CO2 under aerobic conditions while without oxygen 0.55% were released as CO2 and 0.28% as CH4. The calibrated carbon degradation model predicted cumulative CO2 production over a period of 100 years accounting for 15.1% (aerobic) and 1.8% (anaerobic) of initial organic carbon, which is significantly less than recent estimates. The multiyear time series from the incubation experiments helps to more reliably constrain projections of future trace gas fluxes from thawing permafrost landscapes.
Increasing global agricultural production by reducing ozone damages via methane emission controls and ozone‐resistant cultivar selection
Authors: Avnery Shiri , Mauzerall Denise L. , Fiore Arlene M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMeeting the projected 50% increase in global grain demand by 2030 without further environmental degradation poses a major challenge for agricultural production. Because surface ozone (O3) has a significant negative impact on crop yields, one way to increase future production is to reduce O3‐induced agricultural losses. We present two strategies whereby O3 damage to crops may be reduced. We first examine the potential benefits of an O3 mitigation strategy motivated by climate change goals: gradual emission reductions of methane (CH4), an important greenhouse gas and tropospheric O3 precursor that has not yet been targeted for O3 pollution abatement. Our second strategy focuses on adapting crops to O3 exposure by selecting cultivars with demonstrated O3 resistance. We find that the CH4 reductions considered would increase global production of soybean, maize, and wheat by 23–102 Mt in 2030 – the equivalent of a ~2–8% increase in year 2000 production worth $3.5–15 billion worldwide (USD2000), increasing the cost effectiveness of this CH4 mitigation policy. Choosing crop varieties with O3 resistance (relative to median‐sensitivity cultivars) could improve global agricultural production in 2030 by over 140 Mt, the equivalent of a 12% increase in 2000 production worth ~$22 billion. Benefits are dominated by improvements for wheat in South Asia, where O3‐induced crop losses would otherwise be severe. Combining the two strategies generates benefits that are less than fully additive, given the nature of O3 effects on crops. Our results demonstrate the significant potential to sustainably improve global agricultural production by decreasing O3‐induced reductions in crop yields.
Der Sozialschutz im Dienst einer dauerhaften Integration: Ein Muss für Europa angesichts der Krise
Authors: Euzéby Chantal 
Published: December 2012

AuszugIn der Europäischen Union stellt sich nach dem sozialen Abbau infolge der explodierenden Schulden der Mitgliedsstaaten die entscheidende Frage, wie dem drohenden gesellschaftlichen Ausschluss vorgebeugt werden kann. Mögliche Ansätze liegen im Schnittpunkt zwischen der Arbeitsmarkt‐ und Weiterbildungspolitik und den Reformen, mit denen die Sozialschutzsysteme an die neuen sozioökonomischen Gegebenheiten angepasst werden sollen (Bevölkerungsalterung, instabile Familien, verbreitete Arbeitslosigkeit, prekäre Beschäftigungsverhältnisse, Armut trotz Arbeit, anhaltende oder zunehmende soziale Ungleichheiten). In diesem Artikel versuchen wir zu zeigen, dass die Förderung des Sozialschutzes unter dem Leitgedanken der sozialen Investition ein ausgezeichnetes Mittel ist, um lebenslange Chancengleichheit, dauerhafte wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit (Gewinn an struktureller Wettbewerbsfähigkeit) und gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt im Interesse des allgemeinen Wohlergehens miteinander zu verbinden. Im Vordergrund steht die Förderung der allgemeinen und individuellen Menschenrechte auf Mobilität und lebenslange Weiterbildung, die zur Kompensation der Anforderungen der Arbeitsmarktflexibilität als neue soziale Grundrechte eingeführt werden könnten. Der Artikel unterstreicht auch, wie wichtig es wäre, diese Rechte innerhalb der Europäischen Union in einer erweiterten sozialen Grundsicherung zu verankern. Damit würde dem Risiko gesellschaftlichen Ausschlusses in der Union dauerhaft vorgebeugt, und die wirtschaftliche und soziale Integration, die mit der überarbeiteten Lissabon‐Strategie (2003‐2005) eingeleitet wurde, würde gefördert, und Vertrauen und Hoffnung der europäischen Bürger könnten gestärkt werden.
Herausforderungen bei der Beurteilung und Entschädigung von psychischem Stress unter dem nigerianischen Employee's Compensation Act von 2010
Authors: Atilola Olayinka 
Published: December 2012

AuszugNigeria hat eine sehr junge Bevölkerung und die Anzahl Stellen auf dem formellen Arbeitsmarkt sind begrenzt, weshalb sich die Suche nach formeller Beschäftigung schwierig gestaltet und zu ausbeuterischen Arbeitsbedingungen führen kann. Um der prekären Situation der nigerianischen Arbeitnehmer entgegenzuwirken, trat im Dezember 2010 ein neues Gesetz, der Employee's Compensation Act (ECA), in Kraft. Eine Besonderheit des ECA ist, dass er auch Zahlungen bei Beeinträchtigungen der psychischen Gesundheit oder „psychischem Stress“ vorsieht, der im Rahmen eines Beschäftigungsverhältnisses auftritt. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Stärken und Schwächen der Bestimmungen des ECA untersucht, vor allem die Bedingungen für den Nachweis psychischer Schäden bei Entschädigungsansprüchen. Die allgemeineren Auswirkungen des ECA auf die Entwicklung von Entschädigungsrichtlinien bei psychischen Erkrankungen in Subsahara‐Afrika werden erörtert und Vorschläge für eine zukünftige Überarbeitung des ECA aufgeführt.
Study of the vulvar skin in healthy Japanese women: components of the stratum corneum and microbes
Authors: Miyamoto Toshinobu , Akiba Syunichi , Sato Noriko , Fujimura Tsutomu , Takagi Yutaka , Kitahara Takashi , Takema Yoshinori , Iizuka Hajime , Sengoku Kazuo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  Although the physiological conditions of vulvar skin in Caucasian populations have been characterized, little is known about these conditions in Japanese women.Methods  Skin of the labia, groin, mons pubis, and inner thigh was examined in 40 healthy Japanese women outwith their menstrual period. Skin moisture, skin pH, ceramide content and inflammatory cytokine proteins of the stratum corneum, and bacterial flora were assessed.Results Skin moisture was found to be significantly lower in the labia than at the other three sites examined. No differences were found in skin pH. A significant difference in ceramide content was observed between the groin and inner thigh. The ratio of interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) and interleukin‐1α receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) was significantly higher in the labia than in the other sites. Numbers of total bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Lactobacillus spp. were greater in the labia and mons pubis sites compared with the inner thigh. Prevotella spp. were found only in the labia.Conclusions  In Japanese women, the skin at the labia is drier and more inflammatory than the skin at the groin, mons pubis, and inner thigh; this cannot be explained by the ceramide content and/or pH of the stratum corneum. Prevotella spp. may perform a key role in the vulvar skin of Japanese women.
Expression Pattern, Ethanol‐Metabolizing Activities, and Cellular Localization of Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Human Small Intestine
Authors: Chiang Chien‐Ping , Wu Chew‐Wun , Lee Shiao‐Pieng , Ho Ji‐Lin , Lee Shou‐Lun , Nieh Shin , Yin Shih‐Jiun 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAlcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are principal enzymes responsible for metabolism of ethanol (EtOH). Functional polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH2 genes occur among racial populations. This study aimed to systematically determine the functional expressions and cellular localization of ADH and ALDH family members in human small bowel.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen surgical specimens of duodenal mucosae, 34 jejunal mucosal specimens, and 14 paired specimens of stomach, duodenum, and jejunum from same individuals were investigated. The isozyme/allozyme expression patterns of ADH and ALDH were identified by isoelectric focusing, and the ADH/ALDH activities were assayed spectrophotometrically. The protein contents of ADH/ALDH isozymes were determined by immunoblotting using the corresponding purified class‐specific antibodies, and the cellular localizations were detected by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry.ResultsThe activities of ADH1C*1/*1 allelotype were significantly higher than those of the ADH1C*1/*2 allelotype in duodenum (p < 0.001) and in jejunum (p < 0.05); and the activity of ADH2‐expressing phenotype was significantly higher than that of the ADH2‐missing phenotype in duodenum (p < 0.05). The activities of ALDH2‐inactive phenotype were not significantly different from those of the ALDH2‐active phenotype in duodenum and jejunum. Stomach exhibited significantly lower ADH activity (p < 0.05), and duodenum displayed significantly lower ALDH activity (p < 0.001) comparing the paired gastric, duodenal, and jejunal mucosae of same individuals. Gender and age did not significantly influence the ADH and ALDH activities in duodenum. The isozyme protein contents in duodenum and jejunum were in the following decreasing order: ALDH1A1, ADH1/ALDH2, ADH3, ADH2, and ALDH3A1. Villous epithelial cells, cryptic Paneth cells, and Brunner's gland ductal cells revealed a greater immunostaining intensity with ADH1, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2.ConclusionsADH and ALDH isozymes are differentially expressed in the various cell types of duodenum and jejunum. The results suggest that proximal small intestine can substantively contribute to first‐pass metabolism of EtOH under certain conditions and that cytotoxic acetaldehyde and EtOH perturbation of retinol metabolism might play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of small bowel.
Relationship Between Longitudinal Measures of Renal Function and Onset of Dementia in a Community Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: O'Hare Ann M. , Walker Rod , Haneuse Sebastian , Crane Paul K. , McCormick Wayne C. , Bowen James D. , Larson Eric B. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between dynamic measures of renal function ascertained over time and onset of dementia.DesignProspective community cohort study.SettingGroup Health, Seattle, Washington.ParticipantsTwo thousand nine hundred sixty‐eight adults aged 65 and older followed for the development of dementia over a median of 6.0 years (interquartile range 3.1–10.1 years).MeasurementsTime‐varying measures of renal function were constructed based on 49,340 serum creatinine measurements and included average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), eGFR trajectory, and variability in eGFR around this trajectory over 5‐year exposure windows. The association between these three eGFR exposure measures and risk of dementia was estimated using a Cox regression model adjusted for other participant characteristics. Time‐varying measures of urine protein by dipstick were also adjusted for in sensitivity analyses.ResultsParticipants with a lower eGFR had a higher incidence of dementia, but this did not reach statistical significance in adjusted analyses (omnibus P = .14). There were trends toward a higher adjusted incidence of dementia in participants with positive eGFR trajectories (omnibus P = .07) and greater variability in eGFR (omnibus P = .04) over time. The results of sensitivity analyses, including those in which time‐varying measures of proteinuria were included, were consistent with those of the primary analysis.ConclusionIn a community cohort of older adults followed for a median of 6 years, strong associations were not found between measures of kidney disease severity and progression and incident dementia.
Progressive nodular histiocytosis
Authors: Hilker Olaf , Kovneristy Alexander , Varga Rita , Neubert Thorsten , Wesselmann Ulrich , Flaig Michael J. , Ruzicka Thomas , Burgdorf Walter , Lehmann Percy 
Published: December 2012

SummaryProgressive nodular histiocytosis (PNH) represents a very rare type of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis (NLCH). It can be distinguished from other types by the occurrence of yellow to red‐brown papules and nodules measuring a few centimeters in size. Histologically the nodules represent spindle‐cell xanthogranulomas. We report on two new cases of PNH with novel clinical symptoms. In the first case, the patient had microcytic anemia due to massive iron deposition in the nodules and a progressively worsening limp due to involvement of the soles. The complex therapeutic challenge was effectively managed by successive surgical ablation of all visible lesions. The second patient had epibulbar infiltrates. The clinical variability of PNH leads to considerable overlap with other forms of NLCH.
Gender Differences in the Association between Parental Divorce during Childhood and Stroke in Adulthood: Findings from a Population-Based Survey
Authors: Fuller-Thomson Esme , Dalton Angela D. 
Published: December 2012

Background Although there is a substantial literature examining the mental health consequences of parental divorce, less attention has been paid to possible long-term physical health outcomes. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the gender-specific association between childhood parental divorce and later incidence of stroke, while controlling for age, race ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, diabetes, social support, marital status, mental health, and health care utilization. Methods Secondary analysis of the population-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey; logistic regression analyses were conducted. The final sample included 4074 males and 5886 females. Respondents were excluded if they had experienced parental addictions to drugs or alcohol, any form of childhood abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional), or witnessed domestic violence. Results A threefold risk of stroke was found for males who had experienced parental divorce before the age of 18 in comparison with males whose parents had not divorced [age- and race ethnicity-adjusted model odds ratio (OR) = 2·99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·79, 4·98; fully adjusted model OR = 3·01, 95% CI = 1·68, 5·39]. Parental divorce was not significantly associated with stroke among women (fully adjusted OR = 1·64, 95% CI = 0·89, 3·02). Conclusions There is a robust association between parental divorce and stroke among males, even after adjustment for many known risk factors and the exclusion of respondents who had experienced parental addictions or family violence. Further research is needed to investigate plausible pathways linking parental divorce and stroke in males.