bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Yu-sui , Fu Hua-qun , Xiao Yuan-mei , Liu Ji-chun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Enteral feeding can be given either through the nasogastric or the nasojejunal route. Studies have shown that nasojejunal tube placement is cumbersome and that nasogastric feeding is an effective means of providing enteral nutrition. However, the concern that nasogastric feeding increases the chance of aspiration pneumonitis and exacerbates acute pancreatitis by stimulating pancreatic secretion has prevented it being established as a standard of care. We aimed to evaluate the differences in safety and tolerance between nasogastric and nasojejunal feeding by assessing the impact of the two approaches on the incidence of mortality, tracheal aspiration, diarrhea, exacerbation of pain, and meeting the energy balance in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Method
We searched the electronic databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE. We included prospective randomized controlled trials comparing nasogastric and nasojejunal feeding in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Two reviewers assessed the quality of each study and collected data independently. Disagreements were resolved by discussion among the two reviewers and any of the other authors of the paper. We performed a meta-analysis and reported summary estimates of outcomes as Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
We included three randomized controlled trials involving a total of 157 patients. The demographics of the patients in the nasogastric and nasojejunal feeding groups were comparable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of mortality (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.29, P = 0.25); tracheal aspiration (RR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.53, P = 0.20); diarrhea (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.59 to 3.45, P = 0.43); exacerbation of pain (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.32 to 2.70, P = 0.90); and meeting energy balance (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.09, P = 0.97) between the two groups. Nasogastric feeding was not inferior to nasojejunal feeding.

Conclusions
Nasogastric feeding is safe and well tolerated compared with nasojejunal feeding. Study limitations included a small total sample size among others. More high-quality large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the use of nasogastric feeding instead of nasojejunal feeding.
Synthesis, Structure, and Dynamic Behavior of Discrete Metallacyclic Rotors
Authors: Thanasekaran Pounraj , Huang Chia-Yuan , Lu Kuang-Lieh 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Molecular rotors are a type of molecular machine that can rotate with respect to its surrounding environment or in which one part rotates with respect to another part. Various approaches to preparing rotary molecular motors with variable radii and functional groups have been attempted because rotating units are ubiquitous in natural systems. The motion of these rotors in solution or on a solid surface can be monitored either by NMR or STM techniques. Previous findings indicate that the motion of a molecular rotor can be manipulated in a more controlled fashion by changing the molecular structure or applying external stimuli such as heat, photons, electricity, chemical reactions, or applying external field STM tunneling current. Molecular dynamics simulations have also been performed in attempts to understand the molecular rotations of rotors, and the theoretical calculations agree well with experimental observations. In this highlight review, we describe synthetic approaches, structural characterization, and dynamic behavior of discrete metallacyclic rotors in solution and on solid surfaces.
Geometrical Remote Steric Effects in 4,5-Disubstituted-9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes: Expansion of Prestrained C9–C10 Bond in Di(spiroacridan) Derivatives
Authors: Wada Kazuhisa , Takeda Takashi , Kawai Hidetoshi , Katoono Ryo , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
By attaching bulky substituents at the bay region of di(spiroacridan)-substituted dihydrophenanthrene 1a, the prestrained C9–C10 bond in the dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) skeleton of 1c–1e is expanded from 1.634(2) to 1.649(3)–1.652(6) Å, which demonstrates the bond expansion through remote steric effects. Twisting deformation of the DHP skeleton is the key to transfer the steric bulkiness from the C4/C5 positions to cause the additional strain in the C9–C10 bond.
Considering the hérisson (hedgehog/porcupine): Writing-designing the context essay
Authors: Rosenberg Terry E. , Fairfax Duncan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper initially articulates Derrida’s attempt to overcome the distantiation of writing from the thing written about - which, he addresses in his essay-poem ‘Che cos’è la poesia?’ (‘What is poetry?’). Thereafter, using the hérisson (hedgehog/porcupine) of this essay-poem as touchstone, the paper goes on to describe the nature and role of the ‘context essay’ which is written as part of final projects on both UG and PG degrees in Goldsmiths Design Department. The context essay challenges the borders between different types of writing and design practice, and is an essential part of the design process of the students’ final projects. The last part of the paper sketches the different ideational stratagems that may be used in the content and in the form of the context essay; stratagems that inter-ventilate different theories (accounts), different practices (acts), inter-splice theories and practices and, of course, also utilise the technicity of writing itself (applied grammatology) to open up the possibilities of design practice.
Testing of set recovery of unmodified and furfurylated densified wood by means of water storage and alternating climate tests
Authors: Buchelt Beate , Dietrich Tobias , Wagenführ André 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Densification is a well-known method for improving the mechanical properties of wood. In the present study, unmodified and furfurylated wood samples were densified and submitted to cyclic water storage tests and cyclic alternating climate tests. Swelling coefficients and spring-back data were determined for the evaluation of the quality of densification. The study shows that results depend on the test method applied. Simple water storage tests do not reflect the behavior of densified wood in the high humidity range. The spring-back data of unmodified samples are more influenced by the testing method than those of the furfurylated ones.
A Qualitative Analysis of Athletes’ Voluntary Image Speed Use
Authors: O Jenny , Hall Craig R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The present study sought to describe the various reasons why athletes choose to manipulate the speeds of their images (i.e. image in slow motion, real-time, or fast motion). Athletes (N= 9) were interviewed using a one-on-one, semi-structured interview format. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and content analyzed for themes. Results suggested that the particular image speed selected by an athlete does often serve a specific purpose. Slow-motion images were primarily employed to enhance the learning, development, review, or refinement of skills and strategies. Real-time imagery was employed when athletes wanted to accurately represent movement tempo, relative timing, or absolute movement duration in their images. Fast motion images were used to enable strategy planning during competition, to increase or maintain confidence perceptions, to energize athletes, and to increase imagery session efficiency and focus. Furthermore, regarding the use of multiple image speeds, athletes emphasized the importance of avoiding exclusively imaging in fast- or in slow-motion, making note of the importance of real-time image speed use in ensuring accurate mental representations of temporal aspects of performance. The findings of the current study indicate that the timing guideline of the PETTLEP approach to motor imagery (Holmes & Collins, 2001) may require revision. The use of any given image speed may be a matter of personal preference rather than one of functional necessity. One exception, however, does appear to be images focused on learning some temporal aspect of performance. In these instances, real-time speed seems to be a necessary characteristic of one’s image.
Automatically Detecting the Number of Logs on a Timber Truck
Authors: Yella Siril , Dougherty Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article describes a method of automatically detecting, counting and classifying logs on a timber truck using a photograph (taken by the driver). An image-processing algorithm is developed to process the photograph to calculate an estimate of the number of logs present and their respective diameters. The algorithm uses color information in multiple color spaces as well as geometrical operators to segment the image and extract the relevant information. This information enables the sawmill to better plan internal logistics and production in advance of the truck’s arrival time. The algorithm is robust with respect to external factors such as varying lighting conditions and camera angle, but some inaccuracies remain, mainly caused by logs being occluded or covered in mud or snow.
An Approach for Generating Pattern-Based Shorthand Using Speech-to-Text Conversion and Machine Learning
Authors: Abhinand K. R. , Devi H. K. Anasuya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRapid handwriting, popularly known as shorthand, involves writing symbols and abbreviations in lieu of common words or phrases. This method increases the speed of transcription and is primarily used to record oral dictation. Someone skilled in shorthand will be able to write as fast as the dictation occurs, and these patterns are later transliterated into actual, natural language words. A new kind of rapid handwriting scheme is proposed, called the Pattern-Based Shorthand. A word on a keyboard involves pressing a unique sequence of keys in a particular order. This sequence forms a pattern that defines the word. Such a pattern forms the shorthand for that word. Speech recognition involves identifying, by a machine, the words spoken by a speaker. These spoken words form speech input signals to a computer that is equipped to correctly recognize the words and do further action, such as convert it to text. From this text input, unique shorthand patterns are generated by the system. The system employs machine learning to improve its performance with experience, by creating a dictionary of mappings from word to patterns in such a way that the access to existing patterns is faster with progression. This forms a new knowledge representation schema that reduces the redundancy in the storage of words and the length of information content. In conclusion, the speech is converted into textual form and then reconstructed into Pattern-Based Shorthand.
Efficacy of three hygienic protocols in reducing biofilm adherence to removable thermoplastic appliance
Authors: Shpack Nir , Greenstein Ronit Bar-Ness , Gazit Dana , Sarig Rachel , Vardimon Alexander Dan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To examine the ability of a removable thermoplastic appliance (RTA) to adsorb hygienic solutions and inhibit bacterial growth and to examine the efficacy of three hygiene protocols in reducing bacterial biofilm adherence to RTA.

Materials and Methods:
Solution adsorption and bacterial growth inhibition were examined in vitro using paper vs RTA discs. Subsequently, 11 patients treated with RTA (mean age, 29.1 ± 4.7 years) were assigned into a sequence of three hygiene protocols: regular RTA brushing (baseline), immersion RTAs in chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX), and using a vibrating bath with cleaning solution (VBC). For each patient, 12 upper RTAs were examined (2 baseline RTAs, 5 CHX RTAs, and 5 VBC RTAs), for a total of 132 RTAs. All RTAs were stained with gentian violet, and biofilm presence was measured using a photodensitometer.

Results:
The RTA discs did not adsorb CHX or cleaning solution. The later agent did not show antibacterial features. Baseline RTAs showed significant biofilm adherence (P &lt; .001) on the posterior palatal side of the aligner and on the anterior incisal edge. CHX and VBC hygienic protocols significantly (P &lt; .001) reduced baseline biofilm adherence by 16% and 50%, respectively. Hygienic improvement was maintained over 140 days when CHX and VBC were used. However, VBC was three times more efficient than CHX.

Conclusions:
This study highly recommends the use of a VBC protocol. Biofilm deposits on the RTA, especially on incisal edges and attachment dimples, could lead to inadequate tooth/RTA and attachment/RTA overlap and consequently impair tooth alignment.
Ulnar osteosarcoma in dogs: 30 cases (1992–2008)
Authors: Sivacolundhu Ramesh K. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Donovan Taryn A. , Barber Lisa G. , Saba Corey F. , Clifford Craig A. , de Lorimier Louis-Philippe , Atwater Stephen W. , DiBernardi Lisa , Freeman Kim P. , Bergman Philip J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To examine the biological behavior of ulnar osteosarcoma and evaluate predictors of survival time in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—30 dogs with primary ulnar osteosarcoma.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed. Variables recorded and examined to identify predictors of survival time were signalment, tumor location in the ulna, tumor length, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, surgery type, completeness of excision, tumor stage, tumor grade, histologic subtype, development of metastases, and use of chemotherapy.
Results—30 cases were identified from 9 institutions. Eleven dogs were treated with partial ulnar ostectomy and 14 with amputation; in 5 dogs, a resection was not performed. Twenty-two dogs received chemotherapy. Median disease-free interval and survival time were 437 and 463 days, respectively. Negative prognostic factors for survival time determined via univariate analyses were histologic subtype and development of lung metastases. Telangiectatic or telangiectatic-mixed subtype (n = 5) was the only negative prognostic factor identified via multivariate analysis (median survival time, 208 days). Dogs with telangiectatic subtype were 6.99 times as likely to die of the disease.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prognosis for ulnar osteosarcoma in this population was no worse and may have been better than the prognosis for dogs with osteosarcoma involving other appendicular sites. Partial ulnar ostectomy was associated with a low complication rate and good to excellent function and did not compromise survival time. Telangiectatic or telangiectatic-mixed histologic subtype was a negative prognostic factor for survival time. The efficacy of chemotherapy requires further evaluation.
Radiographic evaluation of the lumbar lordotic angle of the spine in a population of Nigerians
Authors: Oyakhire Michael O , Didia Blessing C , Yellow Bob Evans 
Published: June 2013

Objectives: For Nigerian Africans, quantitative reference values of osteometric parameters of the human spine are scarce. This study was therefore carried out to metrically evaluate and document the characteristics of the Lumbar lordotic angle, in a population of Nigerians. Materials & Method: Using the Cobb 4-line method, we studied 300 lateral radiographs selected from three tertiary health facilities. There were 156 females (52%) and 144 males (48%) with age range between 18 and 76years. Results were analyzed statistically with the computer based SPSS Version 17, Chicago IL. Taking a confidence level of 0.05 as indicative of statistical significance, the student’s t –test was used to estimate differences between means, and a probability density function curve ,to evaluate the distribution pattern of the angle of lumbar lordosis. Results: Mean (± SD) of the Lumbar lordotic angle was 48.450 ± (9.280). A statistically significant association was found between Lumbar lordotic angle and age (P<0.05). Females had significantly higher Lumbar lordotic angles compared with males (P<0.05). Variations were also observed between the lumbar lordotic angles of Nigerians and those of Caucasians. These results will be useful in many areas of medical practice, and research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.4300 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 69-75
Sous-maîtres et préfets de chambre dans les pensionnats d'Ancien Régime. Fonction clé et personnel auxiliaire
Authors: Noguès Boris 
Published: June 2013

Contrairement à une idée assez répandue, l’existence d’un pensionnat associé aux collèges d’humanités, et donc la présence de maîtres d’études ou de surveillants au sein de ces établissements, sont loin d’être systématiques sous l’Ancien Régime. Même si on peut la repérer dès le XVI e siècle, cette configuration ne commence à se généraliser qu’à la fin du XVII e siècle. Les hommes chargés des pensionnaires en dehors du temps de la classe sont connus sous différentes dénominations au cours de la période moderne, suivant le type de collège dans lequel ils œuvrent : « préfets de chambre », « préfets de pension », etc. Mais sous ces diverses appellations se cache toujours le même personnage, qui se caractérise par deux traits : il n’est pas professeur ou régent en titre et, d’autre part, il a invariablement en charge les deux tâches pourtant de nature différente d’encadrement pédagogique pendant les études et de surveillance disciplinaire des élèves au cours de la journée. Cet article revient sur les raisons et les modalités de l’association de ces deux tâches. Autre question centrale : cette fonction constitue-t-elle une forme de préparation à l’exercice futur de l’enseignement, palliant en quelque sorte par une pratique pédagogique de second rang (les études) l’absence de formation professionnelle des professeurs ?
Le modèle d'éducation lancastérien, un dispositif éducatif protestant ?
Authors: Ruolt Anne 
Published: June 2013

Surnommé le « modèle protestant », l’éducation mutuelle a caractérisé la pratique éducative des premières écoles du dimanche comme le rappelle aujourd’hui le nom de « moniteur » donné à ses éducateurs. Nous inscrivant dans le champ de l’histoire des idées éducatives, à partir de l’analyse des pratiques pédagogiques de ces premières écoles populaires protestantes qui a servi dès 1814/1815 de levain au renouveau des écoles primaires protestantes françaises, peut-on dire qu’elles ont été le berceau du modèle lancastérien en France ? La « méthode des groupes » serait-elle « le modèle canonique » protestant, symétrique à l’enseignement simultané comme « modèle canonique » catholique ? Nous vérifierons l’hypothèse du pluralisme des modèles choisis comme des « outils » par les pédagogues protestants selon des critères d’efficacité davantage praxéologiques que théologiques, à partir des publications des premiers acteurs français du mouvement.
Les prix immobiliers dans les métropoles françaises
Authors: Cusin François 
Published: June 2013

Les flambées immobilières se nourrissent généralement de comportements spéculatifs. Mais la France n’est pas les États-Unis ou l’Espagne. La situation actuelle ne doit pas masquer une crise structurelle du logement qui est bien réelle. Cette crise est celle d’une offre insuffisante pour les ménages modestes, les familles et les actifs qui travaillent ou cherchent un emploi dans les principaux pôles urbains. Certes, les conditions financières favorables à l’endettement ont permis à de nombreux ménages d’accéder à la propriété de leur logement, mais au prix d’une forte inflation des prix immobiliers. Si le retournement de conjoncture en 2008 a provoqué une diminution de la construction neuve, les baisses de prix dans l’ancien sont restées limitées. La pression qui s’exerce sur les marchés de l’accession est d’autant plus forte que la demande globale de logements est portée par des évolutions socio-démographiques de fond alors que l’offre reste insuffisante, particulièrement dans les zones les plus tendues. Une politique du logement plus efficace, menée à la fois à l’échelle nationale et au niveau local, est nécessaire pour répondre aux besoins des ménages et pour fluidifier les marchés de l’accession, comme ceux du locatif social et privé. La prise en compte du caractère territorialisé et du profil socio-économique de cette demande s’avère indispensable. Et ceci d’autant plus qu’à travers la question du logement se jouent les équilibres sociaux, économiques et urbains de la ville de demain.
Les bulles « robustes »
Authors: Timbeau Xavier 
Published: June 2013

« Bulle » ou « pas bulle » ? La question taraude les observateurs et les acteurs du marché immobilier français. Nous examinons dans cet article les éléments empiriques et théoriques qui expliquent la hausse des prix récente et sa résistance aux retournements conjoncturels. En combinant la notion de bulle économique, les arguments de l’économie spatiale et une analyse d’économie politique, nous suggérons que la valorisation importante de l’immobilier en France est le résultat d’une logique rationnelle et conforte les intérêts des acteurs locaux. Dès lors, la forte valorisation peut être considérée comme une « bulle robuste », à même de résister à des chocs importants. Cette bulle organise un transfert intergénérationnel et peut avoir des effets positifs. Elle peut également renforcer la ségrégation spatiale, alimenter les inégalités territoriales et empêcher d’exploiter les économies d’agglomération possibles. L’analyse est détaillée sur la région Ile-de-France où ces phénomènes sont particulièrement marqués.
De la maîtrise « autocalmante » des excitations au geste suicidaire, une tentative d'hystérisation du trauma
Authors: André Joanne 
Published: June 2013

L’activité « autocalmante », entendue comme « un mode particulier de maîtrise des excitations », et le geste suicidaire sont mis au travail du côté de ce qu’ils incluent de traitement psychique. Si les « autocalamants » tentent un retour « avant le traumatisme », le geste suicidaire peut constituer une tentative d’hystérisation. De l’un à l’autre, un passage par le traitement psychique, un passage du silence au bruit.
La légitimation de l'auteur de roman en France : le culte paradoxal de Walter Scott, « the Great Unknown »
Authors: Raulet-Marcel Caroline 
Published: June 2013

En France, l’engouement suscité par les romans de Walter Scott sous la Restauration va de pair avec le culte dont leur auteur fait l’objet. La librairie française joue un rôle non négligeable dans ce phénomène : en Grande-Bretagne, the Great Unkown fonde la poétique énonciative de ses œuvres sur l’usage ludique d’un anonymat qu’il préserve soigneusement jusqu’en 1827, mais en France, ses romans lui sont attribués dès 1818. Publiés en œuvres complètes (format in-12) à partir de 1820, ils sont accompagnés d’une longue et élogieuse notice biographique. En 1822, le premier volume des Œuvres complètes de Sir Walter Scott publiées dans le prestigieux format de l’in-octavo est orné d’un portrait de l’auteur, ultime manifestation éditoriale d’une logique de consécration à l’œuvre bien plus tôt en France qu’outre Manche.
La vogue romantique de l'horreur : roman noir et genre frénétique
Authors: Pezard Émilie 
Published: June 2013

Dans les années 1820 et 1830, écrivains comme critiques commentent la vogue de l’horreur, qu’on rattache au romantisme et à laquelle on donne plusieurs noms génériques. Si le roman noir reste une source d’inspiration féconde, l’horreur romantique ne peut être réduite à la reprise de ce modèle. Délaissant le décor gothique et la terreur qu’il procure, ces romans romantiques consacrent le triomphe du mal sur l’innocence et cultivent une « esthétique du choc » (Milner). Cependant la poétique de l’horreur se prête d’autant moins à une définition unique qu’elle se combine aisément avec d’autres genres romanesques. Condamné par une critique unanime, revendiqué par aucun auteur, le romantisme frénétique est à la fois invisible et omniprésent dans le paysage romanesque.