bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of combination therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and histone deacetylase inhibitors in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cabrera S M , Colvin S C , Tersey S A , Maier B , Nadler J L , Mirmira R G 
Published: January 2013

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells. Novel experimental therapies for T1D target immunomodulation, β cell survival and inflammation. We examined combination therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor MK-626 and the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. We hypothesized that combination therapy would ameliorate T1D by providing protection from β cell inflammatory destruction while simultaneously shifting the immune response towards immune-tolerizing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Although neither mono- nor combination therapies with MK-626 and vorinostat caused disease remission in diabetic NOD mice, the combination of MK-626 and vorinostat increased β cell area and reduced the mean insulitis score compared to diabetic control mice. In prediabetic NOD mice, MK-626 monotherapy resulted in improved glucose tolerance, a reduction in mean insulitis score and an increase in pancreatic lymph node Treg percentage, and combination therapy with MK-626 and vorinostat increased pancreatic lymph node Treg percentage. We conclude that neither single nor combination therapies using MK-626 and vorinostat induce diabetes remission in NOD mice, but combination therapy appears to have beneficial effects on β cell area, insulitis and Treg populations. Combinations of vorinostat and MK-626 may serve as beneficial adjunctive therapy in clinical trials for T1D prevention or remission.
Application of the Red‐List Index at a National Level for Multiple Species Groups
Authors: JUSLÉN AINO , HYVÄRINEN ESKO , VIRTANEN LAURA K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Index (RLI) is recognized as one of the key indicators of trends in the status of species. The red‐list assessment done by Finnish authorities of species in Finland is taxonomically one of the most extensive national assessments. We used the Finnish Red Lists from 2000 and 2010 to calculate for the first time the national RLIs for 11 taxonomic groups at different trophic levels and with different life cycles. The red‐list index is calculated on the basis of changes in red‐list categories and indicates trends in the status of biological diversity of sets of species. The RLI value ranges from 0 to 1. The lower the value the faster the set of species is heading toward extinction. If the value is 1, all species in the set are least concern and if the value is 0, all species are (regionally) extinct. The overall RLI of Finnish species decreased. This means that, in Finland, these taxonomic groups were heading toward extinction faster in 2010 than in 2000. Of the analyzed groups of organisms, RLIs of 5 decreased and RLIs of 6 increased. At the national level, the RLIs and status trends varied markedly between species groups. Thus, we concluded that generalizations on the basis of RLIs of a few taxa only may yield a biased view of ongoing trends in the status of biological diversity at the species level. In addition, one overall RLI that includes many different species groups may also be misleading if variation in RLI among species groups is not considered and if RLI values are not presented separately for each group.Aplicación del Índice de la Lista Roja a Nivel Nacional para Grupos de Especies Múltiples
Evaluation of a collaborative chronic care approach to improve outcomes in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Bissonnette J. , Woodend K. , Davies B. , Stacey D. , Knoll G. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSeveral studies found that renal transplant recipients with chronic kidney disease have untreated complications and do not attain recommended clinical targets. Using a before/after design with propensity score–matched controls, we evaluated whether an advanced practice nurse‐led interprofessional collaborative chronic care approach could improve clinical outcomes for CKD transplant patients compared with a traditional physician‐led model. The intervention included strategies for disease self‐management, shared decision making, and healthcare system reorganization. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients attaining at least seven of nine targets as per published guidelines. A greater proportion of intervention patients achieved the outcome (68% vs. 10%; p = 0.0001) and had discussions about end‐stage treatment options (88% vs. 13%; p = 0.0001) compared with controls. The intervention patients had significantly fewer emergency room visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.53; 95% CI 0.29–0.91; p = 0.02) and hospital admissions (IRR 0.34; 95% CI 0.16–0.68; p = 0.001) compared with the control patients. There were no significant differences found between the groups in systolic/diastolic blood pressure, carbon dioxide, hemoglobin, or phosphate parameters. An advanced practice nurse‐led approach, based on the chronic care model, has the potential to improve clinical outcomes for renal transplant recipients and needs to be tested in a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Increased complications and morbidity in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Naithani Rahul , Asim Muhammad , Naqvi Ahmed , Weitzman Sheila , Gassas Adam , Doyle John , Schechter Tal 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option for patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and for patients with secondary HLH who fail to respond to therapy.MethodsRetrospective study of HSCT for HLH with focus on complications and outcome.ResultsEighteen children (10 males), with a median age of 1.2 yr (5 months–16 yr), received HSCT for HLH. Fourteen children had primary HLH. Four children underwent transplant while not in remission. Sixteen received myeloablative and two received reduced intensity conditioning regimen. A high incidence of complications was found: 13 (72%) children had 22 episodes of culture‐proven infections; seven (38%) had hepatic veno‐occlusive disease; nine (50%) developed respiratory complications; and nine (50%) required intensive care unit admission. Eight children had acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), and three developed chronic GVHD. Three patients died from multi‐organ failure before day +100, and another patient died from pulmonary hemorrhage after day 100.Three patients failed to engraft (two developed recurrent HLH and died from complications after a second HSCT). Three of four children not in remission at the time of transplantation died. Actuarial survival at three yr was 61%.ConclusionHSCT for HLH carries significant risks with high infection, organ dysfunction, and ICU admissions rates.
Land use intensification differentially benefits alien over native predators in agricultural landscape mosaics
Authors: Grez Audrey A. , Rand Tatyana A. , Zaviezo Tania , Castillo‐Serey Francisca 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimBoth anthropogenic habitat disturbance and the breadth of habitat use by alien species have been found to facilitate invasion into novel environments, and these factors have been hypothesized to be important within coccinellid communities specifically. In this study, we address two questions: (1) Do alien species benefit more than native species from human‐disturbed habitats? (2) Are alien species more generalized in their habitat use than natives within the invaded range or can their abundance patterns be explained by specialization on the most common habitats?LocationChile.MethodsWe quantified the use of different habitat types by native and alien coccinellid beetles by sampling individuals in nine habitat types that spanned a gradient in disturbance intensity, and represented the dominant natural, semi‐natural and agricultural habitats in the landscape.ResultsOur results provide strong support for the hypotheses that more‐disturbed habitats are differentially invaded. Both the proportion of alien individuals and the proportion of alien species increased significantly with increasing disturbance intensity. In contrast, we found no evidence that alien species were more generalized in their habitat use than native species; in fact, the trend was in the opposite direction. The abundance of specialized alien coccinellid species was not correlated with the area of the habitat types in the landscape.Main conclusionThe results suggest that successfully established alien coccinellid species may be ‘disturbance specialists’ that thrive within human‐modified habitats. Therefore, less‐disturbed agroecosystems are desirable to promote the regional conservation of native species within increasingly human‐dominated landscapes.
Rare or elusive? A test of expert knowledge about rarity of Amazon forest birds
Authors: Cerqueira Marconi C. , Cohn‐Haft Mario , Vargas Claudeir F. , Nader Carlos E. , Andretti Christian B. , Costa Thiago V. V. , Sberze Monica , Hines James E. , Ferraz Gonçalo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo offer a test of expert knowledge about rarity of twenty Amazon forest bird species following an approach that equates rarity with low site occupancy and formally accounts for imperfect species detection. We define ten pairs of closely related species, each pair with one hypothetically common and one hypothetically rare species. Our null hypothesis is that members of each pair have similar occupancy, with hypothesized differences due to detection errors alone.LocationA 1000‐ha plot of primary rainforest in the central Brazilian Amazon.MethodsWe visited each of 55 sampling sites multiple times per season for three field seasons and estimated the probability of site occupancy by each species following a maximum likelihood state‐space approach that also estimates the probability that a species is present yet undetected at a site. To maximize detection and account for its variation, we employed three different sampling techniques while systematically training and testing observer's ability to recognize species.ResultsOccupancy estimates agree with expert predictions in all but two species pairs and show no evidence of clear temporal variation in occupancy between sampling seasons. Detection probability had a positive relation with observer ability, a strong relation to time of day across species, and a strong relation with the use of playback for some species. Detection with point counts and with autonomous recorders varied between species pairs.Main conclusionsWe reject the null hypothesis of equal occupancy within pairs, concluding that expert knowledge on species rarity is useful and worth eliciting. Our results replace qualitative ratings of rarity with statistical estimates of occupancy, establishing a reliable baseline for future comparisons. Besides illustrating the relevance of expert knowledge, this application to Amazonian birds illustrates a flexible approach that can be used for testing knowledge about rarity for a variety of species groups and spatial scales.
Red noise increases extinction risk during rapid climate change
Authors: Mustin Karen , Dytham Calvin , Benton Tim G. , Travis Justin M. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimAs the global climate is changing rapidly, there is a need to make conservation decisions to facilitate species' persistence under climate change. Models employed to make predictions regarding the impacts of climate change on species' distributions, and ultimately persistence, typically assume that interannual variability in environmental conditions is independent between years. However, the colour of environmental noise has been shown to affect extinction risk in populations occupying spatially static environments, and should therefore affect persistence during climate change. This study aims to investigate the importance of noise colour for extinction risk during climate‐induced range shifts.MethodsWe use a spatially explicit coupled map lattice with a latitudinal gradient in climatic suitability, together with time series of environmental noise, to simulate periods of directional climate change and investigate the effects of noise colour on extinction risk and range size.ResultsExtinction risk increases with reddening of the environmental noise, and this effect is particularly pronounced over short time frames when climate change is rapid.Main conclusionsGiven that management decisions are typically made over such short time frames, and the rapid rates of climate change currently being experienced, we highlight the importance of incorporating realistic time series of environmental noise into models used for conservation planning under climate change.
Biotic homogenization as a threat to native affiliate species: fish introductions dilute freshwater mussel's host resources
Authors: Douda Karel , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Hinzmann Mariana , Machado Jorge , Varandas Simone , Teixeira Amílcar , Sousa Ronaldo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe indirect consequences of biotic homogenization, the process of a gradual increase in the similarity of regional biotas driven by the combined effects of species invasions and extinctions, are still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the ability of a native affiliate species to maintain its host resources under the condition of biotic homogenization of host communities.LocationCentral (Vltava River Basin, Czech Republic) and western (Douro River Basin, Portugal) Europe.MethodsWe tested the ability of non‐native species to serve as an alternative partner in local host–affiliate relationships. We used a European freshwater mussel, Anodonta anatina, which is considered to be a host generalist of native fish species, and compared the compatibility of its glochidia with native versus non‐native fishes in two distinct European regions. Subsequently, we projected the obtained host compatibility data into the recent progress of biotic homogenization and estimated the degree of host dilution.ResultsWe found significant differences in the ability of A. anatina glochidia to parasitize the native and non‐native fish species in both the central and peripheral parts of the mussel's distribution range. As a result, the increasing presence of non‐native species within fish communities across Europe likely significantly decreases the availability of the mussel's host. Biotic homogenization of host communities may interfere with general life history traits (host specificity) of their local affiliate species.Main conclusionsThis study demonstrates that the mixing of regional biotas may lead to an excessive loss of host availability even for host generalists, such as the freshwater mussel A. anatina, with potentially broad consequences for their population dynamics. Conservation strategies of endangered affiliate species need to incorporate the biogeographical context of host–affiliate relationships and particularly the consequences of biotic homogenization.
Recall of HbA1c and self‐management behaviours, patient activation, perception of care and diabetes distress in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Willaing I. , á Rogvi S. , Bøgelund M. , Almdal T. , Schiøtz M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate associations between HbA1c recall by patients with Type 2 diabetes and self‐management behaviours, patient activation, perception of care and diabetes distress.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional survey, 993 patients with Type 2 diabetes reported their latest HbA1c. Validated scales measured self‐management behaviours, patient activation, perception of care and diabetes distress. Self‐reported HbA1c was compared with latest measured HbA1c. Using logistic regressions, associations between HbA1c recall and the variables of interest were investigated.ResultsSixty‐four per cent of patients recalled their latest HbA1c. Poor HbA1c recall was significantly associated with unhealthy eating behaviour, low level of exercise, low level of patient activation, poor glycaemic control, not knowing target HbA1c level, low educational level and being female. There were no associations between recall of HbA1c and diabetes distress or perceived care.ConclusionsRecall of HbA1c level may increase patient activation and health‐promoting behaviours. However, low educational level may be a barrier for using HbA1c as a motivator for health‐promoting behaviours. This study indicates a need for studies of causal relationships, as well as mechanisms and challenges in using patient awareness of HbA1c as a driver for health‐promoting behaviours.
Blood β‐hydroxybutyrate vs. urine acetoacetate testing for the prevention and management of ketoacidosis in Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Klocker A. A. , Phelan H. , Twigg S. M. , Craig M. E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstactAimDiabetic ketoacidosis is a life‐threatening complication of Type 1 diabetes. Blood β‐hydroxybutyrate testing is now widely available as an alternative to urine acetoacetate testing for detecting ketosis. The aim of this study was to review the effectiveness of capillary or serum β‐hydroxybutyrate compared with urine acetoacetate testing in prevention and management of diabetic ketoacidosis.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL (until April 2012, no language restrictions, studies in humans) were searched for experimental and observational studies comparing the effectiveness of blood β‐hydroxybutyrate and urine acetoacetate testing. Outcomes examined were prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis, time to recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis, healthcare costs and patient or caregiver satisfaction. Additional sources included reference lists, conference proceedings and contact with experts in the field.ResultsFour studies (two randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies) met eligibility criteria, including 299 participants across 11 centres. Risk of bias was low to moderate. Blood ketone testing compared with urine testing was associated with reduced frequency of hospitalization (one study), reduced time to recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis (three studies), cost benefits (one study) and greater satisfaction (one study, intervention group only). No study assessed prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis. Meta‐analysis could not be performed because of heterogeneity in study design and published data.ConclusionsThere is evidence suggesting that blood β‐hydroxybutyrate testing is more effective than urine acetoacetate testing in reducing emergency department assessment, hospitalization and time to recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis, as well as potentially lowering healthcare expenditure. Further research in both young people and adults is needed.
ATP and arterial calcification
Authors: Fish Richard S. , Klootwijk Enriko , Tam Frederick W. K. , Kleta Robert , Wheeler David C. , Unwin Robert J. , Norman Jill 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundArterial calcification (AC) is a major health problem associated with extreme morbidity and a shortened survival. It is currently without any effective treatment. ATP and the purinergic system in general are now emerging as being important in the pathogenesis of AC and potentially provide a new focus for novel therapies.MethodsThis review systematically analyses and discusses the current literature examining the relevance of the purinergic system to AC. Particular emphasis is given to the enzymes associated with ATP metabolism and their role in maintaining a balance between promotion and inhibition of arterial mineralization. Points of controversy are highlighted, and areas for future research are suggested.ConclusionThe potential roles of ATP and the purinergic system in AC are beginning to be elucidated. While further work is necessary, current knowledge suggests that several components of the purinergic system could be targeted to develop new treatments for AC.
Treatment of class II malocclusion with open bite and absence of central maxillary incisor lost by trauma aided by use of orthodontic mini‐implants
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this article is to report the clinical case of non‐surgical treatment of a Class II malocclusion with anterior open bite, associated with absence of a maxillary central incisor avulsed due to trauma. Treatment proceeded with the use of orthodontic mini‐implants as an anchorage device for intrusion of the maxillary molars and for mesial movement of the lateral incisor to replace the central incisor. Treatment resulted in good occlusion, with anterior and lateral guides, enhancement of the facial profile, and good dental esthetic appearance without the need for prosthetic treatment. The treatment outcome was satisfactory but needs long‐term or permanent retention.
Attenuation of auditory N1 results from identity‐specific action‐effect prediction
Authors: Hughes Gethin , Desantis Andrea , Waszak Florian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe auditory N1 event‐related potential has previously been observed to be attenuated for tones that are triggered by human actions. This attenuation is thought to be generated by motor prediction mechanisms and is considered to be important for agency attribution. The present study was designed to rigorously test the notion of action prediction‐based sensory attenuation. Participants performed one of four voluntary actions on each trial, with each button associated with either predictable or unpredictable action effects. In addition, actions with each hand could result in action effects that were either congruent or incongruent with hand‐specific prediction. We observed no significant differences in N1 amplitude between predictable and unpredictable tones. When contrasting action effects that were congruent or incongruent with hand‐specific prediction, we observed significant attenuation for prediction‐congruent compared to prediction‐incongruent action‐effects. These novel findings suggest that accurate action‐effect prediction drives sensory attenuation of auditory stimuli. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of action‐effect prediction and sensory attenuation, and may have clinical implications for studies investigating action awareness and agency in schizophrenia.
Thermal acclimation in widespread heterotrophic soil microbes
Authors: Crowther Thomas W. , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRespiration by plants and microorganisms is primarily responsible for mediating carbon exchanges between the biosphere and atmosphere. Climate warming has the potential to influence the activity of these organisms, regulating exchanges between carbon pools. Physiological ‘down‐regulation’ of warm‐adapted species (acclimation) could ameliorate the predicted respiratory losses of soil carbon under climate change scenarios, but unlike plants and symbiotic microbes, the existence of this phenomenon in heterotrophic soil microbes remains controversial. Previous studies using complex soil microbial communities are unable to distinguish physiological acclimation from other community‐scale adjustments. We explored the temperature‐sensitivity of individual saprotrophic basidiomycete fungi growing in agar, showing definitively that these widespread heterotrophic fungi can acclimate to temperature. In almost all cases, the warm‐acclimated individuals had lower growth and respiration rates at intermediate temperatures than cold‐acclimated isolates. Inclusion of such microbial physiological responses to warming is essential to enhance the robustness of global climate‐ecosystem carbon models.