bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How did international agencies perceive the avian influenza problem? The adoption and manufacture of the ‘One World, One Health’ framework
Authors: Chien Yu‐Ju 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOver the past few years, a ‘One World, One Health’ (OWOH) policy framework has become the guiding principle for international responses to avian influenza and other zoonotic infectious diseases. Several specialised inter‐governmental agencies, including the World Health Organization, the Food and Agricultural Organization and World Organization for Animal Health, jointly endorsed and promoted this framework. This article attempts to explain why international agencies advocated OWOH despite its vagueness. By examining how these international agencies gradually reframed avian flu problems, this article illustrates the crucial roles of international agencies in constructing disease knowledge and relevant policy responses. It shows that the three agencies adopted an all‐inclusive approach to reduce conflicts, defend their legitimacy, and facilitate commitment for collaboration. Not only has this new framework reduced tensions between agencies, it has also reshaped the interests and interactions of other global actors. The case thus illustrates how these organisational actors actively manufacture new cognitive frames and policy regimes that advance their own legitimacy and influence.
West Nile virus: the production of a public health pandemic
Authors: Gislason Maya K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe West Nile virus (WNV), as it was presented in the texts and discourses on the Public Health Agency of Canada’s (PHAC) website during its initial emergence, was an effect of the kinds of knowledge, techniques of power and disciplinary apparatuses that operate on that website and in society. With reference to Michel Foucault’s relations of power, this article offers an approach for translating theories of power into techniques and technologies of power that can be used to conduct a social construction discourse analysis, and gives examples from the use of surveillance, normalisation, exclusion and regulation in PHAC’s responses to the WNV epidemic in Canada. This study concludes with the assertion that shifting the ways in which social and political relations of power contour public health theories and practice is crucial. The present moment requires the development of global health responses to pandemics that are rooted less in the proliferation of apparatuses of control and more in epidemiological innovations and integrated, multi‐perspectival research approaches to infectious diseases research, and in the governance of pandemic control and prevention initiatives.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin A in children with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V: a systematic review
Authors: PIN TAMIS W , ELMASRY JESSICA , LEWIS JENNY 
Published: October 2012

Aim  Previous studies have shown the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) in the management of ambulant individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). There is little evidence on its use in non‐ambulant children with CP. This review aimed to investigate indications and efficacy for BoNT‐A use in managing pain, care, and comfort, and improving function in children with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V.Method  Electronic databases were searched from the earliest available date to June 2012 using a combination of subject headings and free text. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies with (1) participants aged 18 or under, (2) participants with CP in GMFCS levels IV and V, (3) participants receiving BoNT‐A treatment, and (4) studies published in English‐language peer‐reviewed journals.Results  The search resulted in a total of 814 studies, of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies provided level IV or V evidence and one level I evidence according to the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine guidelines for the development of systematic reviews. Most of the studies were of weak to moderate methodological quality.Interpretation  The evidence that BoNT‐A is effective in reducing postoperative pain in children with CP in GMCFS levels IV and V is limited, with only one level I study identified. Remaining indications were general pain reduction, maintaining hip integrity, achieving functional changes, and goal attainment. A high percentage of participants in the studies showed positive changes in these areas. With the poor level of evidence of the included studies, no definite conclusion could be drawn on the indications for BoNT‐A use in children with CP in GMCFS levels IV and V. Further investigation by rigorous studies is required.
Assessment of upper‐limb capacity, performance, and developmental disregard in children with cerebral palsy: validity and reliability of the revised Video‐Observation Aarts and Aarts module: Determine Developmental Disregard (VOAA‐DDD‐R)
Authors: HOUWINK ANNEMIEKE , GEERDINK YVONNE A , STEENBERGEN BERT , GEURTS ALEXANDER C H , AARTS PAULINE B M 
Published: October 2012

Aim  To investigate the validity and reliability of the revised Video‐Observation Aarts and Aarts module: Determine Developmental Disregard (VOAA‐DDD‐R).Method  Upper‐limb capacity and performance were assessed in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) by measuring overall duration of affected upper‐limb use and the frequency of specific behaviours during a task in which bimanual activity was demanded (‘stringing beads’) and stimulated (‘decorating a muffin’). Developmental disregard was defined as the difference in duration of affected upper‐limb use between both tasks. Raters were two occupational and one physical therapist who received 3 hours of training. Construct validity was determined by comparing children with CP with typically developing children. Intrarater, interrater, and test–retest reliability were determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Standard errors of measurement and smallest detectable differences were also calculated.Results  Twenty‐five children with CP (15 females, 10 males; mean age 4y 9mo [SD 1y 7mo], range 2y 9mo–8y; Manual Ability Classification System levels I–III) scored lower on capacity (p=0.052) and performance (p<0.001), and higher on developmental disregard (p<0.001) than 46 age‐ and sex‐matched typically developing children (23 males; mean age 5y 3mo [SD 1y 5mo], range 2y 6mo–8y). The intraclass correlation coefficients (0.79–1.00) indicated good reliability. Absolute agreement was high, standard errors of measurement ranged from 4.5 to 6.8%, and smallest detectable differences ranged from 12.5 to 19.0%.Interpretation  The VOAA‐DDD‐R can be reliably and validly used by occupational and physical therapists to assess upper‐limb capacity, performance, and developmental disregard in children (2y 6mo–8y) with CP.
Clinical association of intrathecal and mirrored oligoclonal bands in paediatric neurology
Authors: SINCLAIR ADRIANE J , WIENHOLT LOUISE , TANTSIS ESTHER , BRILOT FABIENNE , DALE RUSSELL C 
Published: October 2012

Aim  Biomarkers such as autoantibodies, neopterin, and oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are increasingly used for the diagnosis of treatable inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We investigated the correlation between the results of OCB testing and clinical diagnoses in a large contemporary cohort of children with a broad range of neurological conditions.Method  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 200 children (94 females, 106 males; age range 2mo–15y 10mo, mean age 6y 9mo, SD ±4.9) who underwent CSF investigation for their neurological condition were tested for OCBs using isoelectric focusing.Results  The patients were divided into those with inflammatory (n=58) and non‐inflammatory (n=142) CNS disorders. Intrathecal OCBs (OCBs restricted to the CSF) were found in 11 out of 58 (19%) of those with inflammatory CNS disorders compared with none of the 142 patients with non‐inflammatory CNS disorders (p<0.001). Diseases associated with intrathecal OCB were multiple sclerosis, Rasmussen encephalitis, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) encephalopathy, herpes (HSV) encephalitis, ‘other’ encephalitides, acute cerebellar ataxia, and aseptic meningitis. Mirrored OCBs (identical OCBs in the serum and CSF) were less specific but were still found in 14 out of 58 (24%) children with inflammatory CNS disorders compared with only 6 out of 142 (4%) children with non‐inflammatory CNS disorders (p<0.001). Diseases associated with mirrored OCBs included acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), VGKC encephalopathy, West syndrome, NMDAR encephalitis, ‘other’ encephalitides, polio‐like illness, Rasmussen encephalitis, cerebral vasculitis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, and bacterial meningitis. Intrathecal OCBs and mirrored OCBs had a positive predictive value for inflammatory CNS disease of 1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68–1) and 0.7 (95% CI 0.46–0.87) respectively.Conclusion  Intrathecal OCBs were restricted to patients with inflammatory CNS disorders. They are a useful, but non‐specific, biomarker of CNS inflammation of multiple causes. Mirrored OCBs are less specific, but still support a possible inflammatory CNS disorder. The presence of either intrathecal or mirrored OCBs should raise suspicion of an inflammatory CNS disorder.
Photovoice Evaluated: An Appropriate Visual Methodology for Aboriginal Water Resource Research
Authors: MACLEAN KIRSTEN , WOODWARD EMMA 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMethodologies in human geography are rapidly evolving to include participatory approaches that incorporate other voices and knowledges. Central to these participatory methodologies is the co‐evolution of research objectives, the co‐production of knowledge, joint learning, and capacity building of all those involved. Visual methodologies that use the media of photography are gaining recognition as powerful participatory methods. In this paper, we evaluate whether photovoice is a culturally appropriate and engaging visual methodology, and consider how it can be improved to better facilitate research between non‐Aboriginal researchers and Aboriginal Australians involved in water resource management. We draw from two photovoice projects conducted in partnership with two separate Aboriginal groups in northern Australia. Photovoice methodology in this context was found to be both culturally appropriate and engaging. It facilitated genuine participatory research, empowered participants, and was easily adapted to the field situation. The methodology proved to be a powerful tool that revealed in‐depth information including Aboriginal values, knowledge, concerns, and aspirations for water resource management that may not have been captured through other participatory approaches. Photovoice methodology could be enhanced with a more defined role for the researcher as knowledge broker and as translator and communicator of research outcomes (as deemed appropriate by research participants) to policy makers.
Identification of Microbiota Present on the Surface of Taleggio Cheese Using PCR–DGGE and RAPD–PCR
Authors: Feligini Maria , Panelli Simona , Buffoni Joanna Natalia , Bonacina Cesare , Andrighetto Christian , Lombardi Angiolella 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  Microbial DNA from 9 batches of Taleggio PDO cheese sampled at various times during ripening, brines, swabs of wooden shelves used for cheese dry‐salting, and 13 commercial cheeses were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and/or random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD‐PCR). Sequencing allowed the detection of 12 genera, 27 species, and 2 unclassified bacteria. Molecular analysis allowed for the detection of microorganisms not previously associated with Taleggio such as Lactobacillus paracasei, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Bacillus licheniformis, Corynebacterium variabile, Psychrobacter cibarius, and Staphylococcus carnosus. For the first time Massilia spp. was detected in a dairy ecosystem.Practical Application:  Indigenous species and strains of bacteria identified by this study could be used for the selection of dairy cultures to be employed routinely by manufacturers to control the Taleggio cheese production. The new cultures may give the bases for driving dairy processes and, consequently, control the typical flavor resulting from metabolic actions of environmental microorganisms.
Effects of High‐Pressure Processing on Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium, Eating Quality, and Microstructure of Raw Chicken Breast Fillets
Authors: Tananuwong Kanitha , Chitsakun Thadchanon , Tattiyakul Jirarat 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  High‐pressure inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium DMST 28913, eating quality, and microstructure of pressurized raw chicken breast meat was determined. The inoculated samples (approximately 7 log CFU/g initial load) were processed at 300 and 400 MPa, using pressurized medium of 25 to 35 °C during pressurization. Weibull model was well fitted to the survival curves with tailing. Least severe conditions with acceptable inactivation levels were 300 MPa, 35 °C, 1 min (approximately 2 log reduction) and 400 MPa, 30 °C, 1 min (approximately 4 log reduction). Based on these 2 conditions, the 400 MPa treatment yielded the raw chicken meat with higher L* value, greater cooking loss, and lower water holding capacity. Cooked chicken breast meat prepared from the pressurized samples had firmer texture than the control. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that higher pressure resulted in increasing extent of protein coagulation and the contraction of the muscle bundles.Practical Application:  For raw chicken breast fillet, 300 MPa, 35 °C, 1 min was the condition that reasonably reduced the load of Salmonella Typhimurium. However, the pressurized samples had greater cooking loss. Marination with brine containing sodium chloride and phosphate prior to pressurization might help improve this eating quality.
Using a Political Economy and Life Course Approach to Understand Gendered Pension Provision in the UK
Authors: Foster Liam 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe future sustainability of pensions has gained considerable international attention over recent years. These concerns have been fuelled by increasing longevity and rising pension deficits. In addition there has been further awareness of the extent of female pensioner poverty. In order to explore this situation a suitable analytical framework is required. As pensions received in retirement are dependent on earlier events in individuals’ lives, most notably their employment history, this paper explores the need for a life course approach to examine the gendered nature of pensions in the UK. Initially the life course approach, a key mode of analysis in political economy theory, is defined. It is then used to examine the notion of the changing ‘institution’ of retirement and its subsequent de‐standardisation. Then, linked to the political economy approach, it is utilised to introduce ways in which employment experiences of men and women impact upon inequalities in retirement. Finally, the article concludes that by employing such an approach to understanding pensions it enables a better appreciation of savings behaviour and opportunities.
The effects of professional oral health care on patients in the subacute stage of emergent neurosurgical disorders
Authors: Mori Chisato , Hakuta Chiyoko , Endo Keiko , Nariai Tadashi , Ueno Masayuki , Shinada Kayoko , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effectiveness of professional oral health care (POHC) on patients who were in the subacute stage of neurosurgical disorders. Forty subjects (26 male, 14 female) with acute cerebrovascular disorders or neurotrauma were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (n = 21) received POHC treatment by dental hygienists, and the control group (n = 19) did not. To evaluate the change in oral health status of the subjects, an oral examination was carried out at baseline and four weeks later. For the subjects in the intervention group, periodontal condition, oral hygiene status, and oral function improved statistically significantly. The detection rate for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was statistically significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. These results suggest that POHC performed by dental hygienists in collaboration with nurses plays an important role in the promotion not only of oral health but also of general health.
Improving dental visits for individuals with autism spectrum disorders through an understanding of sensory processing
Authors: Kuhaneck Heather Miller , Chisholm Elizabeth Cipes 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that dental practices will be seeing patients with this diagnosis more frequently. Although patients with ASD have similar dental needs to other patients, the symptoms of the disorder may influence the ability of dental practitioners to provide necessary care. Dental professionals may be unaware of the difficulties with sensory processing common to patients with ASD. However, awareness of sensory processing issues and knowledge of strategies to improve the sensory experience for individuals with ASD may improve dental visits for these patients and allow for enhanced dental care provision.
Minimally invasive and simultaneous removal of herniated intracanal and extracanal lumbar nucleus pulposus with a percutaneous spinal endoscope
Authors: Kitagawa Yasuhiro , Sairyo Koichi , Shibuya Isao , Kitahama Yoshihiro , Kanamori Yasuo , Koga Soichi , Matsumoto Hironori , Sumita Takayuki , Yamada Atsuhisa , Dezawa Akira 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHerniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) in the lumbar spine is usually found in the neural canal (in the intracanal space) and occasionally in the extracanal space, where it is known as a lateral HNP. HNP is rarely found simultaneously in both spaces. However, we experienced such a case in a 48‐year‐old man who presented with right leg pain and lower back pain that had lasted for more than a year. MRI revealed HNP in both the right intracanal and extracanal spaces at L2‐L3. A transforaminal approach was used to complete a percutaneous endoscopic discectomy. An 8‐mm incision was made with the patient under local anesthesia, and the percutaneous endoscope was inserted at the affected disc space. First, the HNP fragments in the intracanal space were removed, and then the cannula and endoscope were extracted to the extracanal space where the extracanal fragments were removed. Two hours after the surgery, the patient stood and walked. Right leg pain and lower back pain had disappeared. Unlike other techniques such as Love's procedure and the microendoscopic discectomy technique, the use of a transforaminal approach with the percutaneous endoscopic technique enables the HNP fragments in the intracanal and extracanal spaces to be removed at the same time with a single approach.
Single‐incision laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with or without splenic preservation: How we do it
Authors: Misawa Takeyuki , Ito Ryusuke , Futagawa Yasuro , Fujiwara Yuki , Kitamura Hiroaki , Tsutsui Nobuhiro , Shiba Hiroaki , Wakiyama Shigeki , Ishida Yuichi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionRecent interest in improving cosmetic outcomes has led to single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) being performed in a variety of organs. However, this innovative technique has rarely been introduced in pancreatic surgery, as it is considered to be a challenging procedure. We report herein our technique of single‐incision laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with or without splenic preservation.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA 2.5‐cm intraumbilical mini‐laparotomy was made for the placement of a SILS Port as a single access site. The overall procedures were similar to those performed in the standard laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with multiple trocars. To obtain better exposure of the operative field, we made technical refinements by employing gastric suspension with sutures, the tug‐exposure technique, a balloon retractor, and gravity by changing the patient's position. The pancreas was transected with a linear stapler, and the specimen was extracted through the umbilical wound.DiscussionPatients were discharged without any complications. The umbilical wounds were almost invisible 1 month after surgery. We believe that SILS, with some technical refinements, can be safely applied for distal pancreatectomy. Although the cosmetic benefits of single‐incision laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy are obvious, several issues such as the extent of invasiveness, cost, indications, and learning curve need to be investigated.
Exploiting liars' verbal strategies by examining the verifiability of details
Authors: Nahari Galit , Vrij Aldert , Fisher Ronald P. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWe examined the hypothesis that liars will report their activities strategically and will, if possible, avoid mentioning details that can be verified by the investigator.MethodA total of 38 participants wrote a statement in which they told the truth or lied about their activities during a recent 30‐minute period. Two coders counted the frequency of occurrence of details that can be verified and that cannot be verified.ResultsLiars, compared with truth tellers, included fewer details that can be verified and an equal number of details that cannot be verified in their statement, and the ratio between verifiable and unverifiable details was smaller in liars compared with truth tellers. High percentages of truth tellers and liars were classified correctly based on the frequency counting of verifiable details (79%) or the ratio between verifiable and unverifiable details (71%). Those percentages were higher than the percentage that could be classified correctly (63%) based on verifiable and unverifiable detail combined. We compared our verifiability approach with other theoretical approaches as to why differences in detail between truth tellers and liars emerge.
Tuning Hydrophobicity with Honeycomb Surface Structure and Hydrophilicity with CF4 Plasma Etching for Aerosol‐Deposited Titania Films
Authors: Kim Do‐Yeon , Park Jung‐Jae , Lee Jong‐Gun , Lee Min‐Wook , Kim Ho‐Young , Oh Joon‐Ho , Seong Tae‐Yeon , Kim Donghwan , James Scott C. , van Hest Maikel F. A. M. , Chandra Sanjeev , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: October 2012

A tunable surface that promotes either hydrophobic or hydrophilic behavior of TiO2 films is produced with aerosol deposition. This process is capable of mass production by high‐speed coating at room temperature without any wet chemicals, and therefore the process has the potential to be economically viable, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly. Functional TiO2 films between 1 and 18 μm thick are produced by directly depositing dry, 1‐μm TiO2 powders accelerated through a supersonic nozzle. Tunable film morphology due to a rough honeycomb surface structure yields variable water contact angles. When plasma treated with CF4, the films exhibit superhydrophilicity despite the rough honeycomb surface structure. Superhydrophilicity is due to the incorporation of fluorine in the film as shown using XPS.