bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic attributes of blood‐derived subtype‐C HIV‐1 tat and env in India and neurocognitive function
Authors: Tilghman Myres W. , Bhattacharya Jayanta , Deshpande Suprit , Ghate Manisha , Espitia Stephen , Grant Igor , Marcotte Thomas D. , Smith Davey , Mehendale Sanjay 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGenetic elements in HIV‐1 subtype B tat and env are associated with neurotoxicity yet less is known about other subtypes. HIV‐1 subtype C tat and env sequences were analyzed to determine viral genetic elements associated with neurocognitive impairment in a large Indian cohort. Population‐based sequences of HIV‐1 tat (exon 1) and env (C2‐V3 coding region) were generated from blood plasma of HIV‐infected patients in Pune, India. Participants were classified as cognitively normal or impaired based on neuropsychological assessment. Tests for signature residues, positive and negative selection, entropy, and ambiguous bases were performed using tools available through Los Alamos National Laboratory (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov) and Datamonkey (http://www.datamonkey.org). HIV‐1 subtype C tat and env sequences were analyzed for 155 and 160 participants, of which 34–36% were impaired. Two signature residues were unique to impaired participants in exon 1 of tat at codons 29 (arginine) and 68 (proline). Positive selection was noted at codon 29 among normal participants and at codon 68 in both groups. The signature at codon 29 was also a signature for low CD4+ (<200 cells/mm3) counts but remained associated with impairment after exclusion of those with low CD4+ counts. No unique genetic signatures were noted in env. In conclusion, two signature residues were identified in exon 1 of HIV‐1 subtype C tat that were associated with neurocognitive impairment in India and not completely accounted for by HIV disease progression. These signatures support a linkage between diversifying selection in HIV‐1 subtype C tat and neurocognitive impairment. J. Med. Virol. 86:88–96, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust exponential synchronization for neutral complex networks with discrete and distributed time‐varying delays: A descriptor model transformation method
Authors: He Ping , Zhang Qingling , Jing Chun‐Guo , Chen Chang‐Zhong , Fan Tao 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, the robust exponential synchronization problem for a class of neutral complex networks with discrete and distributed time‐varying delays is investigated. Some delay‐dependent synchronization criteria are derived by using the descriptor model transformation method; the stability condition of error dynamical networks based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is obtained via linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer‐related fatigue in breast cancer patients after surgery: a multicomponent model using partial least squares—path modeling
Authors: Bortolon Catherine , Krikorian Alicia , Carayol Marion , Brouillet Denis , Romieu Gilles , Ninot Gregory 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine factors contributing to cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients who have undergone surgery.MethodsSixty women (mean age: 50.0) completed self‐rated questionnaires assessing components of CRF, muscular and cognitive functions. Also, physiological and subjective data were gathered. Data were analyzed using partial least squares variance‐based structural equation modeling in order to examine factors contributing to CRF after breast surgery.ResultsThe tested model was robust in terms of its measurement quality (reliability and validity). According to the structural model results, emotional distress (β = 0.59; p < 0.001), pain (β = 0.23; p < 0.05), and altered vigilance (β = 0.30; p < 0.05) were associated with CRF, accounting for 61% of the explained variance. Also, emotional distress (β = 0.41; p < 0.05) and pain (β = 0.40; p < 0.05) were related to low physical function and accounted for 41% of the explained variance. However, the relationship between low physical function and CRF was weak and nonsignificant (β = 0.01; p > 0.05).ConclusionEmotional distress, altered vigilance capacity, and pain are associated with CRF in postsurgical breast cancer. In addition, emotional distress and pain are related to diminished physical function, which, in turn, has no significant impact on CRF. The current model should be examined in subsequent phases of the treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) when side effects are more pronounced and may lead to increased intensity of CRF and low physical function. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of ordered arrays of gold particles by nanoindentation templating
Authors: Wong S. , Shalav A. , Ruffell S. , Bradby J. E. , Field M. R. , McCulloch D. G. , Elliman R. G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOrdered arrays of gold‐rich particles, with diameters ranging from 50 nm to 180 nm, have been formed on a silicon (100) surface through pre‐patterning by nanoindentation. Indentation and gold deposition of the sample is followed by thermal processing, causing the gold to become trapped at the indentation sites. We suggest that gold trapping is via an alloying process with the underlying Si substrate where the native oxide is structurally compromised by the indentation process. The final size for a given particle is directly dependent on the size of the indentation site. It has also been demonstrated that excess gold found on the surface outside of these indentation sites can be readily removed via simple mechanical abrasion without affecting the particles within the indent. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of auxotrophic mutants of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus by non‐homologous end joining‐mediated integrative transformation with genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yarimizu Tohru , Nonklang Sanom , Nakamura Junpei , Tokuda Shuya , Nakagawa Takaaki , Lorreungsil Sasithorn , Sutthikhumpha Surasit , Pukahuta Charida , Kitagawa Takao , Nakamura Mikiko , Cha‐aim Kamonchai , Limtong Savitree , Hoshida Hisashi , Akada Rinji 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe isolation and application of auxotrophic mutants for gene manipulations, such as genetic transformation, mating selection and tetrad analysis, form the basis of yeast genetics. For the development of these genetic methods in the thermotolerant fermentative yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, we isolated a series of auxotrophic mutants with defects in amino acid or nucleic acid metabolism. To identify the mutated genes, linear DNA fragments of nutrient biosynthetic pathway genes were amplified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomal DNA and used to directly transform the K. marxianus auxotrophic mutants by random integration into chromosomes through non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ). The appearance of transformant colonies indicated that the specific S. cerevisiae gene complemented the K. marxianus mutant. Using this interspecific complementation approach with linear PCR‐amplified DNA, we identified auxotrophic mutations of ADE2, ADE5,7, ADE6, HIS2, HIS3, HIS4, HIS5, HIS6, HIS7, LYS1, LYS2, LYS4, LYS9, LEU1, LEU2, MET2, MET6, MET17, TRP3, TRP4 and TRP5 without the labour‐intensive requirement of plasmid construction. Mating, sporulation and tetrad analysis techniques for K. marxianus were also established. With the identified auxotrophic mutant strains and S. cerevisiae genes as selective markers, NHEJ‐mediated integrative transformation with PCR‐amplified DNA is an attractive system for facilitating genetic analyses in the yeast K. marxianus. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of IrHCl2(PPh3)2{P(OEt)3} with Organic Azides: Formation of Aminophosphonium Salts
Authors: Albertin Gabriele , Antoniutti Stefano , Castro Jesús 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAminophosphonium salts [Ph3PN(H)R]BPh4 (1) [R = C6H5CH2 (1a), 4‐CH3C6H4CH2 (1b), C6H5 (1c)] were obtained by allowing hydride IrHCl2(PPh3)2{P(OEt)3} to react first with triflic acid and then with the organic azide RN3. The compounds were characterized spectroscopically and by X‐ray crystal structure determination of [Ph3PN(H)CH2C6H4‐4‐CH3]BPh4 (1b). A reaction path for the formation of aminophosphonium cations is also proposed.
Utilizing a Metal Melt of Gallium for the Synthesis of the Homoleptic 1, 2,4‐Triazolate Dense Framework 3∞[Ga(Tz)3]
Authors: Rybak Jens‐Christoph , Rekawka Adam , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe low melting element gallium was utilized as a metal melt together with the azole 1, 2,4,‐1H‐triazole for the synthesis of the homoleptic framework 3∞[Ga(Tz)3], Tz– = 1, 2,4‐triazolate. The framework is formed at 180 °C at the phase border of two liquid phases, gallium and the azole, which do not mix with one another. Thus, 1, 2,4,‐1H‐triazole is also in molten state. The homoleptic triazolate adopts the CoAs3 structure and a (4, 6) net topology, exhibiting good thermal stability of 440 °C.
Two New Cesium Thiotellurates: Cs2[TeS2] and Cs2[TeS3]
Authors: Babo Jean‐Marie , Wolff Klaus K. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThermal decomposition of cesium azide (CsN3) leaves elemental cesium behind, which was in‐situ produced and used for the syntheses of the two new cesium thiotellurates Cs2[TeS2] and Cs2[TeS3] along with appropriate amounts of tellurium and sulfur. The first compound crystallizes orthorhombically in space group Cmc21 with the lattice parameters a = 783.39(4), b = 1126.72(8), c = 823.04(5) pm (Z = 4) and the second one monoclinically in space group P21/n with the lattice parameters a = 997.12(6), b = 1269.71(8), c = 1410.23(9) pm, β = 91.218(3)° (Z = 8). While ψ1‐tetrahedral complex thiotellurate(IV) anions [TeS3]2– are found as pyramids in Cs2[TeS3], Cs2[TeS2] comprises ψ2‐tetrahedral thiotellurate(II) units [TeS2]2– as boomerangs and both occur isolated in the corresponding structures. In each of the title compounds, the anionic part of the structures is arranged layer‐like with Cs+ cations sitting in between the layers. The cesium cations in the sulfur‐rich compound Cs2[TeS3] exhibit coordination numbers of seven and eight, while in the Cs2[TeS2] these cations are surrounded by only six sulfide anions. But even the lone‐pair electrons at the central Te4+ and Te2+ cations help to complete the Cs+ coordination spheres in both cases.
Crystal Structure of Apo‐ and Metalated Thiolate containing RNase S as Structural Basis for the Design of Artificial Metalloenzymes by Peptide‐Protein Complementation
Authors: Genz Maika , Singer David , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Hoffmann Ralf , Sträter Norbert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRibonuclease S (RNase S) is a versatile model system to introduce non‐canonical amino acids into a protein scaffold by self‐assembly of the protein complex from S‐protein and S‐peptide. We have introduced two cysteines into the S‐peptide replacing lysine‐7 and glutamine‐11 of the α‐helical region of this peptide. The crystal structure of this variant was determined in the apo state and in complex with HgII ions. These structures serve as a template for the construction of artificial hybrid catalysts based on RNase S, e.g. for phosphanyl amino acids complexing transition metal ions for organometallic catalysis.
The Synthesis, Structure, and Tunable Emission Spectra of A New Phosphor Sm(IO3)3·2H2O
Authors: Pan Chun‐Yang , Mai Hai‐Deng , Chen Wu‐Zhou , Zhao Feng‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Mei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new phosphor Sm(IO3)3·2H2O was synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. The structure was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray powder diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P$\bar{1}$ (No.2), a = 7.1570Å, b = 7.4306Å, c = 10.6367Å, α = 95.205°, β = 104.844°, γ = 109.958°. Some characterizations were performed such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), and luminescence spectroscopy. The overall structure of the title compound is two‐dimensional. The adjacent iodate layers are further linked with each other by hydrogen bonds to form a three‐dimensional supramolecular network. The luminescent properties of Sm(IO3)3·2H2O were studied, the exhibit tunable emission spectra by means of heating treatment.
Endonasal, transmaxillary, transpterygoid approach to the foramen ovale: radio-anatomical study of surgical feasibility
Authors: Kantola V E , McGarry G W , Rea P M 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to examine the feasibility of an endonasal, transmaxillary, transpterygoid approach to the foramen ovale by examining key anatomical, radiological and surgical landmarks.Method:Measurements were taken from 183 patients' computed tomography scans using BrainLAB iPlan 1.1 Cranial software. Endoscopic dissection was then carried out on a cadaver to assess surgical viability.Results:We found that the distances from the posterior maxillary wall to the foramen ovale and from the anterior nasal spine to the foramen ovale were statistically significantly larger in men than women. The distance from the base of the lateral pterygoid plate to the foramen ovale, and the angle between the foramen ovale, the anterior nasal spine and the sphenoid rostrum, were constant between the sexes. The importance of the lateral pterygoid plate in locating the foramen ovale was demonstrated.Conclusion:With the increasing popularity of image guidance and assisted navigation in endoscopic surgery, these findings increase anatomico-radiological understanding of the surgical approach investigated.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and ENT
Authors: Sethi N , Kane J , Condon L 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjective:This review addresses Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in the context of ENT, and aims to summarise the relevant history, pathophysiology and implications for contemporary practice.Overview:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative disorder. It is a prion disease with four different subtypes that can only be definitively diagnosed post-mortem. The main implications for the ENT surgeon lie in the risk of iatrogenic transmission. The three facets of assessing individual patient risk are: patient history; tissue infectivity; and procedure infectivity.Conclusion:This is a controversial area in medicine, and ENT in particular. This review highlights a clinically applicable approach for everyday use.
Language Outcomes at 12 Years for Children Exposed Prenatally to Cocaine
Authors: Lewis Barbara A. , Minnes Sonia , Short Elizabeth J. , Min Meeyoung O. , Wu Miaoping , Lang Adelaide , Weishampel Paul , Singer Lynn T. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
In this study, the authors aimed to examine the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on the language development of 12-year-old children using a prospective design, controlling for confounding prenatal drug exposure and environmental factors.

Method

Children who were exposed to cocaine in utero (PCE;
n
= 183) and children who were not exposed to cocaine (i.e., no cocaine exposure [NCE];
n
= 181) were followed prospectively from birth to 12 years of age and were compared on language subtests of the Test of Language Development—Intermediate, Third Edition (Hammill & Newcomer, 1997b), and phonological processing as measured by the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (Wagner & Torgesen, 1999). The authors evaluated the relationship of PCE to language development through a multivariate analysis of covariance and regression analyses while controlling for confounders.

Results
Results show that PCE has small effects on specific aspects of language, including syntax and phonological processing. The caregiver variables of lower maternal vocabulary, more psychological symptoms, and a poorer home environment also had consistent effects on language and phonological processing scores.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that PCE continues to have small, subtle effects on specific aspects of language at age 12 years. Phonological processing skills were significantly related to the reading outcomes of letter–word identification, reading fluency, and reading comprehension, indicating that PCE also has small but lasting effects on the language skills that are related to later literacy skills.
Insights into Sensory World of NonVerbal Individuals With Autism
Authors: Grandin Temple 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Therapists often become frustrated because a nonverbal individual with autism does not quickly learn how to use an augmentative communication device. Two individuals who can type independently describe chaotic sensory experiences with fragmented perception. Screening out background stimuli is difficult and they may perceive shape and color separately. To understand the cause and effect, that pressing a key produces a letter, or touching a picture gets a desired food, may take many repetitions. It may take time for patients to learn how the device works. Some of the sensory symptoms resemble stroke patients.
Regulation of IL-1β–induced NF-κB by hydroxylases links key hypoxic and inflammatory signaling pathways
Authors: Scholz Carsten C. , Cavadas Miguel A. S. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Hams Emily , Rodríguez Javier , Kriegsheim Alex von , Cotter Philip , Bruning Ulrike , Fallon Padraic G. , Cheong Alex , Cummins Eoin P. , Taylor Cormac T. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Oxygen-sensing hydroxylases are a family of enzymes that control the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia. Hydroxylase inhibitors reduce inflammation in vivo; however, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action remains unclear. IL-1β is a cytokine that potently promotes inflammation through activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxylase inhibition leads to a suppression of IL-1β–induced NF-κB activity and provide insight into the underlying mechanism involved. This work develops our understanding of how hydroxylase inhibition regulates IL-1β–induced inflammation and sheds light on our understanding of the association between hypoxic and inflammatory signaling pathways, underscoring the potential use of hydroxylase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Metallofullerene and fullerene formation from condensing carbon gas under conditions of stellar outflows and implication to stardust
Authors: Dunk Paul W. , Adjizian Jean-Joseph , Kaiser Nathan K. , Quinn John P. , Blakney Gregory T. , Ewels Christopher P. , Marshall Alan G. , Kroto Harold W. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
We experimentally study the processes that result in fullerene formation in oxygen- and hydrogen-rich carbon gas. Metallofullerenes are found to form as readily as empty cages and thus, like fullerenes, should be important constituents of (circum)stellar/interstellar space. Element trapping by metallofullerene formation is shown to be selective and rapid, which can explain long-standing astrophysical puzzles such as the anomalous element enrichment of stardust. Infrared spectroscopic signatures are simulated to provide an observational test for metallofullerenes in space. Further, energetic reactions between larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fullerenes are established form stable classes of complex molecules that hold high astrochemical importance. Bottom-up fullerene growth is also demonstrated to result from PAH processing, another potentially important extraterrestrial formation mechanism.
Hyperammonemia in cirrhosis induces transcriptional regulation of myostatin by an NF-κB–mediated mechanism
Authors: Qiu Jia , Thapaliya Samjhana , Runkana Ashok , Yang Yu , Tsien Cynthia , Mohan Maradumane L. , Narayanan Arvind , Eghtesad Bijan , Mozdziak Paul E. , McDonald Christine , Stark George R. , Welle Stephen , Naga Prasad Sathyamangla V. , Dasarathy Srinivasan 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceLoss of skeletal muscle mass, or sarcopenia, is nearly universal in cirrhosis and adversely affects the outcome of these patients. There are no established therapies to prevent or reverse sarcopenia because the mechanisms are not known. We show that the expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, is increased in the cirrhotic muscle and is mediated by increased ammonia concentration. Skeletal muscle ammonia concentrations are significantly increased in cirrhosis, resulting in activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which in turn increases the expression of myostatin. Given the high prevalence of cirrhosis, these studies are of broad general interest because ammonia-lowering strategies, NF-κB antagonists, and myostatin blocker are potential therapies to reverse sarcopenia of cirrhosis.
Entrepreneurs’ decision making under different levels of uncertainty: the role of emotions
Authors: Brundin Ethel , Gustafsson Veronika 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurs’ investment decisions under uncertainty in continued investments where the authors test the role of emotions to continue or discontinue the investment.Design/methodology/approach– A conjoint analysis is carried out on 101 entrepreneurs’ 3,232 investment decisions. The entrepreneurs were provided with a scenario of an investment where the dependent variable was the entrepreneur's propensity to allocate further resources to the described investment. They assessed their willingness to allocate further resources to the investment on a seven-point Likert-type scale. The independent variables in the experiment were the experienced emotions of the entrepreneur each of which was described by the two levels of high and low.Findings– It was found that self-confidence, challenge, and hope increase the propensity to continue investments as do increased level of uncertainty. Embarrassment and strain do not increase this propensity, however, high uncertainty decreases the propensity to continue investments. In contrast to the escalation of commitment theory, embarrassment does not make entrepreneurs more prone to invest under uncertainty. Frustration does not yield significant results, which runs contrary to the theory and the hypothesis finds no support.Research limitations/implications– The paper focussed on a limited number of emotions, and also on one specific moderating factor that impacts the effect of these emotions on the investment decision.Practical implications– To understand the role of their emotions in investment decisions under different levels of uncertainty may help entrepreneurs to improve the quality of their decision making.Originality/value– This study is an experiment where practitioner entrepreneurs participate which increases the ecological validity of the study. Emotions can explain, partly, why entrepreneurs persist with some underperforming projects, but not others. Uncertainty is a powerful moderating variable in the decision-making process. The results enhance existing knowledge about the emotive side of entrepreneurs’ propensity to make investment decisions under uncertainty. The results also supplement and refine existing theories on self-justification.