bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the cut‐off point of osteoporosis based on the osteoporosis self‐assessment tool, body mass index and weight in Taiwanese young adult women
Authors: Chang Shu Fang , Yang Rong Sen 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine the cut‐off point of the osteoporosis self‐assessment tool, age, weight and body mass index for osteoporosis among young adult Taiwanese women, using a large‐scale health examination database containing bone mineral density tests.BackgroundThe cut‐off points of osteoporosis risk factors identified earlier focus on menopausal or senior Caucasian and Asian women. However, young adult Asian women have seldom been identified.DesignA retrospective historical cohort study.MethodsUsing the 2009–2011 health examination database of a large‐scale medical centre in northern Taiwan, this study investigated young adult Asian women (i.e. range in age from 30–49 years) in Taiwan who had received dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry test. This study also explored the cut‐off point, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of receiver operating characteristics of osteoporosis among young adult females in Taiwan.ResultsThis study collected 2454 young adult Asian women in Taiwan. Cochran–Armitage analysis results indicated that the prevalence of osteoporosis increased with decreasing weight, body mass index and osteoporosis self‐assessment method quartiles. According to the results of receiver operating characteristics, weight, body mass index and osteoporosis self‐assessment tool approaches can generally be used as indicators to predict osteoporosis among young adult Asian women.ConclusionsResults of this study demonstrate that Taiwanese women contracting osteoporosis tend to be young and underweight, as well as having a low body mass index and osteoporosis self‐assessment scores. Those results further suggest that the assessment indicators for cut‐off points are appropriately suitable for young adult women in Taiwan.Relevance to clinical practiceEarly detection is the only available means of preventing osteoporosis. Professional nurses should apply convenient and accurate assessment procedures to help young adult women to adopt preventive strategies against osteoporosis early, thus eliminating the probability of osteoporotic fracture.
Association between neonatal hypoglycaemia and prediabetes in postpartum women with a history of gestational diabetes
Authors: Youngwanichsetha Sununta , Phumdoung Sasitorn 
Published: December 2013

Aims and ObjectivesTo determine the association between hypoglycaemia among neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and their postpartum prediabetes.BackgroundInfants born to mothers with diabetes who experienced hyperglycaemia are more likely to develop hypoglycaemia.DesignA prospective–descriptive research was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in southern Thailand.MethodsOne hundred and fifty matched pairs of mothers and their newborns were included in the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic, odds ratio, Spearman's rho correlation and binary logistic regression.ResultsThe incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia was 42·37% and odds ratio was 0·30. The findings showed the significant association between neonatal hypoglycaemia and postpartum blood sugar levels of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsNeonatal hypoglycaemia was associated with maternal hyperglycaemia and prediabetes.Relevance to clinical practiceNeonatal hypoglycaemia might be used to predict prediabetes of postpartum women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Family‐centred care in the paediatric intensive care unit: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Butler Ashleigh , Copnell Beverley , Willetts Georgina 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo review extant research on family‐centred care in a paediatric intensive care environment and identify gaps in the literature.BackgroundFamily‐centred care is currently a core concept in paediatric nursing, focusing on the premise that families are central to a child's well‐being, and as such, should be included as equal members of the child's healthcare team. Due to the nature of critical care, family‐centred care may be challenging to implement and maintain.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodsThe review was conducted using the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, OVID MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, from 1990 to present. The search focused on the following terms: ‘p(a)ediatric critical care’, ‘paediatric intensive care unit’, ‘family cent(e)red care’, ‘parental needs’, ‘family presence’ and ‘family/nurse roles’. Additionally, the search was limited to studies conducted in a developed country and published in English.ResultsEighteen studies were included in the review. The results demonstrated that implementing family‐centred care into a paediatric intensive care environment posed several challenges. The discrepancy between nurses’ and parents’ perception of their roles, the reluctance of medical staff to share potentially negative or rapidly changing information, restrictive family presence and poor understanding of family needs emerged as the key difficulties. No studies evaluated strategies to improve family‐centred care practice.ConclusionsFamily‐centred care presents many challenges in a paediatric intensive care environment; however, nurses are uniquely positioned to foster relationships with families, encourage accurate and honest information sharing and advocate for families to be present when they choose.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review outlines the extant research to enhance awareness of the unique state of family‐centred care in paediatric intensive care and makes recommendations for future research.
Cultural challenges and barriers through the voices of nurses
Authors: Hart Patricia L , Mareno Nicole 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo discover and describe challenges and barriers perceived by nurses in providing culturally competent care in their day‐to‐day encounters with diverse patient populations.BackgroundNurses are challenged in today's healthcare environment to provide culturally competent care to a diverse patient population. To provide patient‐ and family‐centred care, nurses must first acknowledge patient's and family's cultural differences, be willing to incorporate patient's and family's beliefs within the healthcare treatment plan, and respect the values and lifeways of differing cultures.DesignQualitative description with thematic analysis was used to describe nurses’ perceptions of barriers and challenges in providing culturally competent care. The qualitative component of the study was part of a larger research study that used a prospective, cross‐sectional, descriptive survey. Participants responded to two open‐ended questions about potential challenges and barriers to providing culturally competent health care.MethodsNurses were recruited in a south‐eastern state in the USA. Research surveys were mailed to 2000 nurses throughout the state using a stratified sampling method.ResultsThree hundred and seventy‐four nurses participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the qualitative description: great diversity, lack of resources, and prejudices and biases.ConclusionsThe provision of culturally competent patient‐ and family‐centred care is an ethical imperative and professional mandate. Describing nurses’ perspectives on challenges and barriers to providing culturally competent care is the first step in helping to redesign care delivery practices.Relevance to clinical practiceChallenges to providing culturally competent care included diversity in patient populations, lack of resources to provide culturally competent care and biases/prejudices. Strategies to address these challenges in the areas of nursing education, nursing research and nursing policy were proposed.
The barriers and facilitators people with diabetes from a nonEnglish speaking background experience when managing their medications: a qualitative study
Authors: Claydon‐Platt Kate , Manias Elizabeth , Dunning Trisha 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the barriers to and facilitators of effective medication management from the perspectives of people with diabetes from a nonEnglish speaking background, carers and health professionals.BackgroundThe barriers that people with diabetes experience managing their medications can adversely impact on health outcomes. People from nonEnglish speaking backgrounds are at risk of medication‐related problems, although there is a paucity of research in this area.DesignA qualitative research design using a purposive sampling approach.MethodsPeople with type 1 or type 2 diabetes from a nonEnglish speaking background, their carers, and health professionals who assisted these people and their carers to manage their medications were recruited from the diabetes outpatient clinic at an adult teaching public hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide. All interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic framework method.ResultsEleven people with diabetes, 10 carers and 10 health professionals were interviewed, and four key issues were identified: diabetes knowledge, diabetes impact, medication knowledge and medication management. The cost of medications, language barriers that hinder communication, forgetfulness, and poor knowledge and understanding emerged as barriers to effective medication management. Facilitators included the use of dose administration aids to manage medications, but current medication lists were not used.ConclusionsFindings revealed people with diabetes experienced a multitude of barriers when managing their medications, and, despite the problems people experienced, there appeared to be poor use of support aids to assist people to effectively manage their medications.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used to develop strategies aiming at improving how people from nonEnglish speaking backgrounds manage their medicines.
An evaluative review of questionnaires recommended for the assessment of quality of life and symptom severity in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Hewison Ann , McCaughan Dorothy , Watt Ian 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo provide an up‐to‐date assessment of the quality of commonly recommended questionnaires for measuring symptom severity and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence and also to consider their application to practice.BackgroundUrinary incontinence is a common problem for women. In addition to various physical symptoms, there is a known effect on quality of life. Psychometrically robust questionnaires are reported to be the best way to measure an individual's perceptions of symptom severity and quality of life, and a number of different ones are recommended for use in international and national guidance, which can be confusing for clinicians. Moreover, there are concerns over the applicability of some of these instruments in clinical practice.DesignAn evaluative review was carried out examining selected questionnaires measuring symptom severity and/or quality of life.MethodsSelection of questionnaires for inclusion in the review was based on the recommendations of evidence‐based guidance, followed by systematic scrutiny of the characteristics of the individual recommended questionnaires.ResultsThirteen questionnaires were included in the review, of which three appeared to ‘outperform’ the remainder in terms of their psychometric properties and other characteristics.ConclusionsThis review provides the most up‐to‐date and comprehensive analysis of the quality and applicability of the included questionnaires and offers the practitioner advice on which to select for use in practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review aims to help the practitioner choose a questionnaire based on a sound evaluation of the quality of the questionnaire and its applicability to the clinical setting.
District nurses’ and registered nurses’ training in and use of motivational interviewing in primary care settings
Authors: Östlund Ann‐Sofi , Wadensten Barbro , Häggström Elisabeth , Kristofferzon Marja‐Leena 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine to what extent district nurses and registered nurses have training in motivational interviewing, to what extent they use it and what prerequisites they have for using it; to compare district nurses and registered nurses, as well as to compare users and nonusers of motivational interviewing; and to examine possible relationships between use of motivational interviewing and the variables training, supervision and feedback in motivational interviewing and prerequisites for use.BackgroundMotivational interviewing is an effective method for motivating patients to change their lifestyle, used increasingly in primary care.DesignA cross‐sectional survey study.MethodsA study‐specific questionnaire was sent to all district nurses and registered nurses (n = 980) in primary care in three counties in Sweden, from September 2011–January 2012; 673 (69%) responded. Differences between groups as well as relationships between study variables were tested.ResultsAccording to self‐reports, 59% of the respondents had training in motivational interviewing and 57% used it. Approximately 15% of those who reported using it had no specific training in the method. More district nurses than registered nurses had training in motivational interviewing and used it. The following factors were independently associated with the use of motivational interviewing: training in and knowledge of motivational interviewing, conditions for using it, time and absence of ‘other’ obstacles.ConclusionsHaving knowledge in motivational interviewing and personal as well as workplace prerequisites for using it may promote increased use of motivational interviewing.Relevance to clinical practiceHaving the prerequisites for using motivational interviewing at the workplace is of significance to the use of motivational interviewing. In the context of primary care, district nurses seem to have better prerequisites than registered nurses for using motivational interviewing.
The duality of suffering and trust: abused women's experiences of general psychiatric care – an interview study
Authors: Örmon Karin , Torstensson‐Levander Marie , Sunnqvist Charlotta , Bahtsevani Christel 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo elucidate how women subjected to physical, emotional and/or sexual abuse experience the care provided at a general psychiatric clinic after the disclosure of abuse.BackgroundViolence against women is a major global public health issue, which has an impact on women's lives and mental health as well as generating frequent hospital admission.DesignQualitative design with an inductive approach.MethodsInterviews with nine women who were recipients of general psychiatric care and had disclosed experiences of abuse to a member of staff were conducted. Qualitative inductive content analysis was used.ResultsThe overall theme emerging from the narratives, ‘dependency as a reality containing a duality of suffering and trust,’ links the categories together. Each subcategory is presented in relation to the categories ‘being belittled,’ ‘being misinterpreted’ and ‘being cared for.’ Experiences of care as caring and noncaring were found in the narratives. Caring could include situations experienced as the women being acknowledged and listened to, situations where staff approached and supported the women in a sensitive way. Experiences of noncaring were when the abuse was disregarded, and when the women were not believed in, were left with burdens of guilt and were offended. A noncaring environment focused primarily on the diagnosis, and the experienced abuse was seen as secondary.ConclusionsAbused women are subjected to psychiatric environments where staff are divided into groups of those who believed in and supported the abused women and those who regarded experiences of abuse as a secondary issue and focused on the mental disorder.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides knowledge of how abused women experience the care provided at a general psychiatric clinic after the disclosure of abuse.
Maintaining ordinariness around food: partners’ experiences of everyday life with a dying person
Authors: Wallin Viktoria , Carlander Ida , Sandman Per‐Olof , Ternestedt Britt‐Marie , Håkanson Cecilia 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore partners’ experiences of everyday life in caring for a dying person with eating deficiencies at home.BackgroundWhen a dying person receives care at home, eating deficiencies can influence everyday life for family members, who often take responsibility for the provision of food and meals. The literature reveals this to be emotionally stressful. Partners of dying persons are challenged both as caregivers and as partners who will soon lose their life companion. There is a need for studies that provide enhanced understanding about the influence of dying persons’ eating deficiencies on their partners, from the perspective of everyday life.DesignA qualitative design was chosen to obtain experience‐based knowledge of relevance for the clinical context of palliative home care.MethodsNine people were purposefully selected and interviewed three–six months after the death of their partner. Data collection and analysis were guided by an interpretive descriptive method.ResultsThe partners described experiences of how eating deficiencies brought about changes in the participants’ everyday lives. Two patterns of experiences were identified: the challenge of doing the best for their dying partner around matters involving food and mealtimes, and experiences of striving to maintain ordinariness, including holding on to social values around food, despite experiences of unfamiliarity when the dying partners’ habits were changed.ConclusionLiving close to a person who has eating deficiencies at the end of life is challenging, both from a caring perspective and for personal well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can assist palliative home care teams and other healthcare professionals to give support that goes beyond giving practical advice about food. Initiating talk about the current situation around food and meals at home, by posing questions and opening the way for conversations, is suggested.
Clinical comparison between arthrocentesis and conventional conservative treatment with maxillomandibular fixation for unilateral high condylar fractures
Authors: Nogami S. , Yamauchi K. , Kataoka Y. , Takano H. , Yamashita Y. , Takahashi T. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis study aimed to compare the effects of arthrocentesis and conventional closed reduction for unilateral mandibular condyle fractures. A total of 30 patients with unilateral condylar fractures were evaluated. Patients with a high condylar fracture and magnetic resonance evidence of joint effusion (JE) were divided into two groups: those treated with intra‐articular irrigation and betamethasone injection (group I) and those given conservative treatment and rigid maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) (group II). All patients were assessed for mandibular range of motion (ROM), protrusive movements, lateral excursion movements on the fractured and non‐fractured sides, pain in the temporomandibular joint and malocclusion, both before and after treatment. There were no significant differences in regard to protrusion, lateral excursion movement and incidence of malocclusion at 12 months after treatment between the groups (P > 0·05). In group I, ROM and joint pain showed good improvement from the early stages of treatment, and those patients had better outcomes as compared to group II for those parameters at 1 and 3 months after injury. The present findings indicate that arthrocentesis may be more effective and provide faster healing than conventional closed reduction.
Melatonin effects on bone: potential use for the prevention and treatment for osteopenia, osteoporosis, and periodontal disease and for use in bone‐grafting procedures
Authors: Maria Sifat , Witt‐Enderby Paula A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn important role for melatonin in bone formation and restructuring has emerged, and studies demonstrate the multiple mechanisms for these beneficial actions. Statistical analysis shows that even with existing osteoporotic therapies, bone‐related disease, and mortality are on the rise, creating a huge financial burden for societies worldwide. These findings suggest that novel alternatives need to be developed to either prevent or reverse bone loss to combat osteoporosis‐related fractures. The focus of this review describes melatonin's role in bone physiology and discusses how disruption of melatonin rhythms by light exposure at night, shift work, and disease can adversely impact on bone. The signal transduction mechanisms underlying osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and coupling with one another are discussed with a focus on how melatonin, through the regulation of RANKL and osteoprotegerin synthesis and release from osteoblasts, can induce osteoblastogenesis while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Also, melatonin's free‐radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of this indoleamine are discussed as yet an additional mechanism by which melatonin can maintain one's bone health, especially oral health. The clinical use for melatonin in bone‐grafting procedures, in reversing bone loss due to osteopenia and osteoporosis, and in managing periodontal disease is discussed.
Phenotypic characterisation of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in the Border terrier
Authors: Black V. , Garosi L. , Lowrie M. , Harvey R. J. , Gale J. 
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVESTo characterise the phenotype of Border terriers suspected to be affected by canine epileptoid cramping syndrome and to identify possible contributing factors.METHODSOwners of Border terriers with suspected canine epileptoid cramping syndrome were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The results of these responses were collated and analysed.RESULTSTwenty‐nine Border terriers were included. Most affected dogs had their first episode before 3 years of age (range: 0·2 to 7·0 years). The majority of episodes lasted between 2 and 30 minutes (range: 0·5 to 150 minutes). The most frequent observations during the episodes were difficulty in walking (27 of 29), mild tremor (21 of 29) and dystonia (22 of 29). Episodes most frequently affected all four limbs (25 of 29) and the head and neck (21 of 29). Borborygmi were reported during episodes in 11 of 29 dogs. Episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea occurred in 14 of 29, with 50% of these being immediately before or after episodes of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (7 of 14). Most owners (26 of 29) had changed their dog's diet, with approximately 50% (14 of 26) reporting a subsequent reduction in the frequency of episodes.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study demonstrates similarities in the phenotype of canine epileptoid cramping syndrome to paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis, a paroxysmal dyskinesia reported in humans. This disorder appears to be associated with gastrointestinal signs in some dogs and appears at least partially responsive to dietary adjustments.