bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between photosynthetic phosphorus‐use efficiency and foliar phosphorus fractions in tropical tree species
Authors: Hidaka Amane , Kitayama Kanehiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHow plants develop adaptive strategies to efficiently use nutrients on infertile soils is an important topic in plant ecology. It has been suggested that, with decreasing phosphorus (P) availability, plants increase photosynthetic P‐use efficiency (PPUE) (i.e., the ratio of instantaneous photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate per unit foliar P). However, the mechanism to increase PPUE remains unclear. In this study, we tested whether high PPUE is explained by an optimized allocation of P in cells among P‐containing biochemical compounds (i.e., foliar P fractions). We investigated the relationships among mass‐based photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate (Amass), PPUE, total foliar P concentration, and foliar P fractions in 10 tree species in two tropical montane rain forests with differing soil P availability (five species on sedimentary soils and five species on P‐poorer ultrabasic serpentine soils) on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. We chemically fractionated foliar P into the following four fractions: metabolic P, lipid P, nucleic acid P, and residual P. Amass was positively correlated with the concentrations of total foliar P and of metabolic P across 10 tree species. Mean Amass and mean concentrations of total foliar P and of each foliar P fraction were lower on the P‐poorer ultrabasic serpentine soils than on the sedimentary soils. There was a negative relationship between the proportion of metabolic P per total P and the proportion of lipid P per total P. PPUE was positively correlated with the ratio of metabolic P to lipid P. High PPUE is explained by the net effect of a relatively greater investment of P into P‐containing metabolites and a relatively lesser investment into phospholipids in addition to generally reduced concentrations of all P fractions. We conclude that plants optimize the allocation of P among foliar P fractions for maintaining their productivity and growth and for reducing demand for P as their adaptation to P‐poor soils.
Preparation of Diversely Substituted Triarylmethyl Radicals by the Quenching of Tris(2,3,5,6‐tetrathiaaryl)methyl Cations with C‐, N‐, P‐, and S‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Tormyshev Victor M. , Rogozhnikova Olga Yu. , Bowman Michael K. , Trukhin Dmitry V. , Troitskaya Tatiana I. , Vasiliev Vladimir G. , Shundrin Leonid A. , Halpern Howard J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractC‐, N‐, P‐, and S‐nucleophiles reacted with symmetrical tris(2,3,5,6‐tetrathiaaryl)methyl cations, generated from the corresponding triarylmethanols by strong acids, to give a variety of asymmetrical monosubstituted persistent triarylmethyl (TAM) radicals as the major products. The only byproducts were symmetrical TAMs.
Fas (CD95) expression in myeloid cells promotes obesity‐induced muscle insulin resistance
Authors: Wueest Stephan , Mueller Rouven , Blüher Matthias , Item Flurin , Chin Annie S H , Wiedemann Michael S F , Takizawa Hitoshi , Kovtonyuk Larisa , Chervonsky Alexander V , Schoenle Eugen J , Manz Markus G , Konrad Daniel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLow‐grade inflammation in adipose tissue and liver has been implicated in obesity‐associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Yet, the contribution of inflammatory cells to the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance remains elusive. In a large cohort of obese human individuals, blood monocyte Fas (CD95) expression correlated with systemic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. To test a causal role for myeloid cell Fas expression in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance, we generated myeloid/haematopoietic cell‐specific Fas‐depleted mice. Myeloid/haematopoietic Fas deficiency prevented the development of glucose intolerance in high fat‐fed mice, in ob/ob mice, and in mice acutely challenged by LPS. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated preservation of muscle insulin responsiveness with no effect on adipose tissue or liver. Studies using neutralizing antibodies demonstrated a role for TNFα as mediator between myeloid Fas and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, supported by significant correlations between monocyte Fas expression and circulating TNFα in humans. In conclusion, our results demonstrate an unanticipated crosstalk between myeloid cells and skeletal muscle in the development of obesity‐associated insulin resistance.
Synthesis of Bis‐ and Tris(3‐H‐1,3‐azaphospholo)benzenes
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy , Koidan Heorgiy , Huryeva Anastasiya , Smaliy Radomyr , Vlasenko Yurii , Gutov Oleksii , Kostyuk Aleksandr 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe previously developed intramolecular cyclocondensation of C‐phosphanyl(N‐aryl)formamidines into 3‐H‐1,3‐benzazaphospholes has been successfully extended to 1,3‐diaminobenzene and 1,3,5‐triaminobenzene. Its condensation presents the way to tricyclic and tetracyclic azaphospholes. Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods and key tricyclic and tetracyclic compounds were further characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
C10X polymorphism in the CARD8 gene is associated with bacteraemia
Authors: Asfaw Idosa Berhane , Sahdo Berolla , Balcha Ermias , Kelly Anne , Söderquist Bo , Särndahl Eva 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multi‐protein complex that triggers caspase‐1 mediated maturation of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β); one of the most potent mediators of inflammation and a major cytokine produced during severe infections, like sepsis. However, the excessive cytokine levels seem to stage for tissue injury and organ failure, and high levels of IL‐1β correlates with severity and mortality of sepsis. Instead, recent data suggest caspase‐1 to function as a guardian against severe infections. CARD8 has been implied to regulate the synthesis of IL‐1β via interaction to caspase‐1. In recent years, polymorphism of CARD8 (C10X) per se or in combination with NLRP3 (Q705K) has been implicated with increased risk of inflammation. The aim was to investigate the correlation of these polymorphisms with severe blood stream infection. Human DNA was extracted from blood culture bottles that were found to be positive for microbial growth (i.e. patients with bacteraemia). Polymorphisms Q705K in the NLRP3 gene and C10X in the CARD8 gene were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assay. The results were compared to healthy controls and to samples from patients with negative cultures. The polymorphism C10X was significantly over‐represented among patients with bacteraemia as compared to healthy controls, whereas patients with negative blood culture were not associated with a higher prevalence. No association was observed with polymorphism Q705K of NLRP3 in either group of patients. Patients carrying polymorphism C10X in the CARD8 gene are at increased risk of developing bacteraemia and severe inflammation.
Analgesic and anti‐hyperalgesic effects of muscle injections with lidocaine or saline in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Staud R. , Weyl E.E. , Bartley E. , Price D.D. , Robinson M.E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with musculoskeletal pain syndrome including fibromyalgia (FM) complain of chronic pain from deep tissues including muscles. Previous research suggests the relevance of impulse input from deep tissues for clinical FM pain. We hypothesized that blocking abnormal impulse input with intramuscular lidocaine would decrease primary and secondary hyperalgesia and FM patients' clinical pain.MethodsWe enrolled 62 female patients with FM into a double‐blind controlled study of three groups who received 100 or 200 mg of lidocaine or saline injections into both trapezius and gluteal muscles. Study variables included pressure and heat hyperalgesia as well as clinical pain. In addition, placebo factors like patients' anxiety and expectation for pain relief were used as predictors of analgesia.ResultsPrimary mechanical hyperalgesia at the shoulders and buttocks decreased significantly more after lidocaine than saline injections (p = 0.004). Similar results were obtained for secondary heat hyperalgesia at the arms (p = 0.04). After muscle injections, clinical FM pain significantly declined by 38% but was not statistically different between lidocaine and saline conditions. Placebo‐related analgesic factors (e.g., patients' expectations of pain relief) accounted for 19.9% of the variance of clinical pain after the injections. Injection‐related anxiety did not significantly contribute to patient analgesia.ConclusionThese results suggest that muscle injections can reliably reduce clinical FM pain, and that peripheral impulse input is required for the maintenance of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia of patients with FM. Whereas the effects of muscle injections on hyperalgesia were greater for lidocaine than saline, the effects on clinical pain were similar for both injectates.
A factorial analysis of the combined effects of hydrogel fabrication parameters on the in vitro swelling and degradation of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) hydrogels
Authors: Lam Johnny , Kim Kyobum , Lu Steven , Tabata Yasuhiko , Scott David W. , Mikos Antonios G. , Kurtis Kasper F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, a full factorial approach was used to investigate the effects of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecular weight (MW; 10,000 vs. 35,000 nominal MW), crosslinker‐to‐macromer carbon–carbon double bond ratio (DBR; 40 vs. 60), crosslinker type (PEG‐diacrylate (PEGDA) vs. N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MB)), crosslinking extent of incorporated gelatin microparticles (low vs. high), and incubation medium composition (with or without collagenase) on the swelling and degradation characteristics of oligo[(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate)] (OPF) hydrogel composites as indicated by the swelling ratio and the percentage of mass remaining, respectively. Each factor consisted of two levels, which were selected based on previous in vitro and in vivo studies utilizing these hydrogels for various tissue engineering applications. Fractional factorial analyses of the main effects indicated that the mean swelling ratio and the mean percentage of mass remaining of OPF composite hydrogels were significantly affected by every factor. In particular, increasing the PEG chain MW of OPF macromers significantly increased the mean swelling ratio and decreased the mean percentage of mass remaining by 5.7 ± 0.3 and 17.2 ± 0.6%, respectively. However, changing the crosslinker from MB to PEGDA reduced the mean swelling ratio and increased the mean percentage of mass remaining of OPF composite hydrogels by 4.9 ± 0.2 and 9.4 ± 0.9%, respectively. Additionally, it was found that the swelling characteristics of hydrogels fabricated with higher PEG chain MW or with MB were more sensitive to increases in DBR. Collectively, the main and cross effects observed between factors enables informed tuning of the swelling and degradation properties of OPF‐based hydrogels for various tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3477–3487, 2014.
Photofunctionalization increases the bioactivity and osteoconductivity of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
Authors: Minamikawa Hajime , Ikeda Takayuki , Att Wael , Hagiwara Yoshiyuki , Hirota Makoto , Tabuchi Masako , Aita Hideki , Park Wonhee , Ogawa Takahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study examined the effect of photofunctionalization on bioactivity and osteoconductivity of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. We also tested a hypothesis that the effect of photofunctionalization is as substantial as the one of surface roughening. Two different surface morphology, a roughened surface (sandblasted and acid‐etched surface) and relatively smooth surface (machined surface), was tested. Ti6Al4V samples were photofunctionalized with UV light for 15 min using a photo device. Photofunctionalization converted Ti6Al4V surfaces from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. The attachment, spread, proliferation, and the expression of functional phenotype of bone marrow‐derived osteoblasts were promoted on photofunctionalized Ti6Al4V surfaces. The strength of bone‐implant integration examined using a biomechanical push‐in test in a rat femur model was at least 100% greater for photofunctionalized implants than for untreated implants. These effects were seen on both surface types. The strength of bone‐implant integration for photofunctionalized machined implants was greater than that for untreated roughened implants, indicating that the impact of photofunctionalization may be greater than that of surface roughening. Newly prepared Ti alloy was hydrophilic, whereas the hydrophilic status degraded with time and was converted to hydrophobic in 4 weeks. This finding uncovered biological aging of Ti alloy and allowed us to consider photofunctionalization as a countermeasure for aging. These results suggest that photofunctionalization accelerates and enhances bone‐implant integration of Ti6Al4V regardless of smooth and roughened surface features, supporting photofunctionalization as an effective and viable measure for improving efficacy of a wide range of Ti6Al4V‐based materials used in dental and orthopedic medicine. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3618–3630, 2014.
Role of vascular networks in extending glucose sensor function: Impact of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis on continuous glucose monitoring in vivo
Authors: Klueh Ulrike , Antar Omar , Qiao Yi , Kreutzer Donald L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe concept of increased blood vessel (BV) density proximal to glucose sensors implanted in the interstitial tissue increases the accuracy and lifespan of sensors is accepted, despite limited existing experimental data. Interestingly, there is no previous data or even conjecture in the literature on the role of lymphatic vessels (LV) alone, or in combination with BV, in enhancing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in vivo. To investigate the impact of inducing vascular networks (BV and LV) at sites of glucose sensor implantation, we utilized adenovirus based local gene therapy of vascular endothelial cell growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) to induce vessels at sensor implantation sites. The results of these studies demonstrated that (1) VEGF‐A based local gene therapy increases vascular networks (blood vessels and lymphatic vessels) at sites of glucose sensor implantation; and (2) this local increase of vascular networks enhances glucose sensor function in vivo from 7 days to greater than 28 days postsensor implantation. This data provides “proof of concept” for the effective usage of local angiogenic factor (AF) gene therapy in mammalian models in an effort to extend CGM in vivo. It also supports the practice of a variety of viral and nonviral vectors as well as gene products (e.g. anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrosis genes) to engineer “implant friendly tissues” for the usage with implantable glucose sensors as well as other implantable devices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3512–3522, 2014.
CD99 Drives Terminal Differentiation of Osteosarcoma Cells by Acting as a Spatial Regulator of ERK 1/2
Authors: Sciandra Marika , Marino Maria Teresa , Manara Maria Cristina , Guerzoni Clara , Grano Maria , Oranger Angela , Lucarelli Enrico , Lollini Pier-Luigi , Dozza Barbara , Pratelli Loredana , Di Renzo Maria Flavia , Colombo Mario Paolo , Picci Piero , Scotlandi Katia 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Differentiation therapy is an attractive treatment for osteosarcoma (OS). CD99 is a cell surface molecule expressed in mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts that is maintained during osteoblast differentiation while lost in OS. Herein, we show that whenever OS cells regain CD99, they become prone to reactivate the terminal differentiation program. In differentiating conditions, CD99-transfected OS cells express osteocyte markers, halt proliferation, and largely die by apoptosis, resembling the fate of mature osteoblasts. CD99 induces ERK activation, increasing its membrane-bound/cytoplasmic form rather than affecting its nuclear localization. Through cytoplasmic ERK, CD99 promotes activity of the main osteogenic transcriptional factors AP1 and RUNX2, which in turn enhance osteocalcin and p21WAF1/CIP1, leading to G0/G1 arrest. These data underscore the alternative positions of active ERK into distinct subcellular compartments as key events for determining OS fate. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Statistical analysis of the quantal basis of secretory granule formation
Authors: Křepelová‐DROR Marika , Hammel Ilan , Meilijson Isaac 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe size distribution of vesicles exocytosed from secretory cells displays quantal nature, vesicle volume is periodic multi‐modal, suggesting that these heterogeneous vesicles are aggregate sums of a variable number of homogeneous basic granules. Whether heterogeneity is a lumping‐together artifact of the measurement or an inherent intra‐cell feature of the vesicles is an unresolved question. Recent empirical evidence will be provided for the quantal nature of intra‐cell vesicle volume, supporting the controversial paradigm of homotypic fusion: basic cytoplasmic granules fuse with each other to create heterogeneously sized vesicles. An EM‐algorithm‐based method is presented for the conversion of multi‐modal to quantal data that provides as by‐product estimates of means and variances of basic granule packaging.Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:1–10, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detailed in vitro study of the photosensitization reaction of extracellular talaporfin sodium in rat myocardial cells
Authors: Ogawa Emiyu , Ito Arisa , Arai Tsunenori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe proposed a new non‐thermal treatment for tachyarrhythmia that employs an extracellular photosensitization reaction. Oxygen depletion may easily occur in in vitro studies of this reaction because the photosensitizing agent is often highly concentrated in such studies. The aim of the current study was to examine the progress of the extracellular photosensitization reaction and the photocytotoxicity of extracellular Talaporfin sodium on myocardial cells for application in tachyarrhythmia therapy.Materials and MethodsPhotosensitization reactions were performed in single wells of 96‐well plates; Talaporfin sodium solution concentrations from 5 to 40 µg/ml, radiant exposures up to 40 J/cm2, and irradiance of 0.29 W/cm2 from a continuous wave (CW) red diode laser (wavelength: 663 nm) were used. We measured transient changes of temperature, photosensitizer fluorescence, dissolved oxygen pressure, and photosensitizer solution absorbance to monitor the progress of the photosensitization reaction in the system during laser irradiation. Rat myocardial cells were cultured in 96‐well plates, and the drug‐light interval was set to 15 minutes. We used a WST assay to measure cell lethality 2 hours after laser irradiation.ResultsA strong photosensitization reaction occurred several seconds after initiation of laser irradiation; this initial reaction depended upon dissolved oxygen. A gentler continuous photosensitization reaction followed the initial reaction, and was associated with temperature increases of less than 10°C. The oxygen pressure was kept in approximately 40 mmHg of the myocardial tissue oxygen pressure in the gentle photosensitization reaction phase. At radiant exposures from 10 to 40 J/cm2, a photosensitizer concentration of approximately 15 µg/ml was the threshold for myocardial cell necrosis in this in vitro system. The dependencies of photocytotoxicity on radiant exposure were separated into two distinct groups based on the molecular density ratio between Talaporfin sodium and albumin.ConclusionsThis in vitro system for the extracellular photosensitization reaction may reflect the situation in live myocardial tissue. We found that the extracellular photosensitization reaction progressed in two distinctive phases; the first phase depended upon dissolved oxygen, and the second upon the molar density ratio between Talaporfin sodium and albumin. Cell lethality due to the extracellular photosensitization reaction was influenced by both of these factors in our in vitro system. We suggest that a photosensitizer concentration of 25 µg/ml might be necessary to treat myocardial tissue with therapies involving the extracellular photosensitization reaction. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:660–667, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐eddy simulation of an offshore Mediterranean area
Authors: Rizza Umberto , Miglietta Mario M. , Sempreviva Anna M. , Grasso Fabio , Schiano M. Elisabetta 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to gain further understanding of the structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and its interaction with synoptic‐scale forcing. A possible application of this study is to simulate mean and turbulent spatial and temporal structure of the marine boundary layer in order to optimize the structural design of offshore large wind turbines that today reach heights up to 200 m. Large‐eddy simulations (LESs) have been performed and compared with offshore experimental data collected during the LASIE campaign performed in the Mediterranean during summer 2007. Two simulations are performed: one where the LES is left free to evolve without any external forcing, and one where a force restoration nudging technique has been implemented in LES in order to force the model to the evolving large‐scale situation. Model results have been compared against experimental soundings. Results show that for all the calculated fields the nudged LES outperforms the simulation without nudging, demonstrating that incorporating changes in the large‐scale features is necessary in order to provide a realistic evolution of the modelled meteorological fields at local scale. Thus, appropriately nudged LES appears as a promising technique to be applied to the simulation of offshore cases, particularly suitable for wind energy applications.
Kisspeptin/KISS1R signaling potentiates extravillous trophoblast adhesion to type‐I collagen in a PKC‐ and ERK1/2‐dependent manner
Authors: Taylor Jay , Pampillo Macarena , Bhattacharya Moshmi , Babwah Andy V. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYDuring the first trimester of human pregnancy, cytotrophoblasts proliferate within the tips of the chorionic villi to form cell columns that anchor the placenta to the uterus. This migration coincides with a widespread change in the adhesion molecule repertoire of these trophoblasts. Kisspeptin and its receptor, KISS1R, are best known as potent triggers of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone secretion. The kisspeptin/KISS1R signaling system is also highly expressed in the human placenta, where it was demonstrated to inhibit extra‐villous trophoblast (EVT) migration and invasion in vitro. Here we show that kisspeptin, in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, induces increased adhesion of human EVTs to type‐I collagen, a major component of the human placenta. This increased adhesion was both rapid and transient, suggesting that it likely occurred through the activation of KISS1R secondary effectors such as PKC and ERK, which underwent rapid and transient kisspeptin‐dependent activation in EVTs. We then showed that inhibition of both PKC and ERK1/2 attenuated the kisspeptin‐dependent increase in EVT adhesion, suggesting that these molecules are key positive regulators of trophoblast adhesion. We therefore propose that kisspeptin/KISS1R signaling potentiates EVT adhesion to type‐I collagen via “inside‐out signaling.” Furthermore, kisspeptin treatment increased mouse blastocyst adhesion to collagen I, suggesting that kisspeptin signaling is a key regulator of trophoblast function during implantation as well as early placentation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 42–54, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.