bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The occurrence of ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘what house’ and other repair initiations in the home environment of hearing‐impaired individuals
Authors: Pajo Kati 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundEven though research has increasingly focused on the qualitative features of natural conversations, which have improved the communication therapy for hearing‐impaired individuals (HI) and familiar partners (FP), very little is known about the interactions that occur outside clinical settings.AimsThis study investigated qualitatively how both HI and FP initiated repair due to misperceptions or to a difficulty in understanding during conversations conducted at home. The HI participant's multimodal production style was adopted in the present analysis, and the frequencies were calculated for the different types of verbal repair initiations.Methods & ProceduresParticipants with acquired hearing loss (43–69 years) and their familiar partners (24–67 years) were video recorded (total time approximately 9 h) in their homes. The data consisted of eight conversational dyads. The transcription and analysis utilized Conversation Analysis.Outcomes & ResultsA total of 209 (HI 164/FP 45) verbal repair initiations were identified. The five major types of initiations found in the data (used by both HI and FP) were: open repair initiation, targeting question word, question word with repetition, repetition, and candidate understanding. HI participants rarely explicitly verbalized their difficulty to hear, but the production style, which included a fast speech rate and ‘trouble posture’, indicated a sensitive routine that was visible particularly in clear misperceptions. Furthermore, the alerting action of overlapping turn taking with the FP participant's turn could be seen to reveal the depth of misperception. The individual differences between HI participants were found predominantly in the frequency of their repair initiations, but also in how they used the different types of repair initiation.Conclusions & ImplicationsThrough a deeper qualitative analysis, conversational research can provide extended knowledge of the occurrence and style of ordinary repair initiations and highlight their relationship in certain conversational environments. A robust starting point in communication therapy is increasing the awareness of HI individuals’ existing skills.
Acute urinary retention increases the risk of complications after transurethral resection of the prostate: a population‐based study
Authors: Chen Jeng‐Sheng , Chang Chia‐Hsien , Yang Wen‐Horng , Kao Yea‐Huei 
Published: October 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (cohort)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Higher mortality and morbidity rates in men presenting with AUR have been reported in previous studies.This study has comprehensive comparisons of post‐TURP complications between patients with and without AUR. Furthermore, it shows that AUR is associated with increased risk of complications after TURP.OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between a history of acute urinary retention (AUR) and complications after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective, national, population‐based study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database.
We included men > 50 years old, diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and divided these into two groups: an AUR+ group – those with AUR who underwent TURP between 2002 and 2004; and an AUR‐ group – those without AUR who underwent TURP between those dates.
Prostate cancer, Parkinsonism and multiple sclerosis were exclusion criteria.
Postoperative complications, e.g. re‐catheterization, haematuria or urinary tract infection (UTI), were compared using crude odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and Student's t‐test.
A chi‐squared test was used for potential confounding factors: preoperative UTI and anticoagulant use.
Univariate and multivariate analysis on medical expenses were conducted.
RESULTS
The AUR+ group contained 3305 men; the AUR‐ group contained 1062.
Re‐catheterization (13.8%), septicaemia (1.1%) and shock (0.3%) were found only in the AUR+ group.
The AUR+ group had more UTIs (18.9% vs. 15.6%, OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05–1.52), more lower urinary tract symptoms (22.8% vs. 16.9%, OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.21–1.73), fewer blood transfusions (3.2% vs. 1.5%, OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.29–3.72) and higher medical expenses.
There were no significant differences in haematuria, lower urinary tract stricture, or re‐surgical intervention of the prostate and second‐line antibiotic use.
CONCLUSION
Patients in Taiwan with BPH with AUR who were treated by TURP were associated with a higher risk of complications, longer hospital stay and more comorbidities than those without AUR and a preoperative warning is warranted for these patients.
To Sign or Not to Sign? The Impact of Encouraging Infants to Gesture on Infant Language and Maternal Mind‐Mindedness
Authors: Kirk Elizabeth , Howlett Neil , Pine Karen J. , Fletcher Ben (C) 
Published: October 2012

Findings are presented from the first randomized control trial of the effects of encouraging symbolic gesture (or “baby sign”) on infant language, following 40 infants from age 8 months to 20 months. Half of the mothers were trained to model a target set of gestures to their infants. Frequent measures were taken of infant language development and dyadic interactions were scrutinized to assess mind‐mindedness. Infants exposed to gesture did not differ from control conditions on language outcomes; thus, no support was found for previous claims that encouraging gesturing with infants accelerates linguistic development. Microgenetic analysis revealed mothers in the gesture training conditions were more responsive to their infants' nonverbal cues and encouraged more independent action by their infant.
Metabolic engineering of novel lignin in biomass crops
Authors: Vanholme Ruben , Morreel Kris , Darrah Chiarina , Oyarce Paula , Grabber John H. , Ralph John , Boerjan Wout 
Published: October 2012

SummaryLignin, a phenolic polymer in the secondary wall, is the major cause of lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to efficient industrial processing. From an applications perspective, it is desirable that second‐generation bioenergy crops have lignin that is readily degraded by chemical pretreatments but still fulfill its biological role in plants. Because plants can tolerate large variations in lignin composition, often without apparent adverse effects, substitution of some fraction of the traditional monolignols by alternative monomers through genetic engineering is a promising strategy to tailor lignin in bioenergy crops. However, successful engineering of lignin incorporating alternative monomers requires knowledge about phenolic metabolism in plants and about the coupling properties of these alternative monomers. Here, we review the current knowledge about lignin biosynthesis and the pathways towards the main phenolic classes. In addition, the minimal requirements are defined for molecules that, upon incorporation into the lignin polymer, make the latter more susceptible to biomass pretreatment. Numerous metabolites made by plants meet these requirements, and several have already been tested as monolignol substitutes in biomimetic systems. Finally, the status of detection and identification of compounds by phenolic profiling is discussed, as phenolic profiling serves in pathway elucidation and for the detection of incorporation of alternative lignin monomers.

Contents

Summary
978

I.
Introduction
979

II.
Phenolic metabolism
979

III.
Lignin biosynthesis and structure
983

IV.
Alternative lignin monomers for biofuel applications
985

V.
Candidate alternative monolignols in biomimetic systems
991

VI.
From phenolic profiling to lignomics
992

VII.
Phenolic pathway engineering towards alternative monolignols
993

Acknowledgements
994

References
994
Hepatic Lesions Observed in Hepatitis C Virus Transgenic Mice Infected by Helicobacter hepaticus
Authors: Le Roux‐Goglin Emilie , Dubus Pierre , Asencio Corinne , Jutand Marthe‐Aline , Rosenbaum Jean , Mégraud Francis 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection cannot always be explained by HCV genotypes or host genetic factors, raising the issue of possible cofactors. A new form of hepatitis leading to liver cancer was discovered in 1992 in mice, owing to an infection by Helicobacter hepaticus. Moreover, several studies showed an association between the presence of HCV and Helicobacter in the liver of patients with severe liver diseases suggesting a possible synergism between the two pathogens. In an HCV transgenic mouse model with a B6C3F1 background, the combination of H. hepaticus infection and the HCV transgene resulted in a significantly greater incidence and multiplicity of preneoplastic and neoplastic liver foci in males.ObjectivesBecause the mouse genetic background is a major determinant in the development of liver disease, our aim was to test the synergism between HCV and H. hepaticus infection using transgenic mice with a more sensitive genetic background to H. hepaticus infection.MethodsFor this purpose, four groups of mice were followed up to 14 months, the presence of H. hepaticus was monitored by PCR and hepatic lesions were looked for.ResultsWe found that H. hepaticus, but not the HCV transgene, increased the number of hepatic lesions. The presence of carcinoma was more likely to occur on a background of hepatitis, and the overall lesions were more frequent in the presence of steatosis. The effect of the mouse genetic background was greater than the effect of the HCV transgene and was sufficient to promote lesions particularly via its sensitivity to H. hepaticus infection.ConclusionsGenetic susceptibility may be a more important factor than expected. Indeed, the synergism between HCV and H. hepaticus infection involved in liver disease may be highly host dependent.
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Decline in Walking Speed over 8 Years in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Shahar Danit R. , Houston Denise K. , Hue Trisha F. , Lee Jung‐Sun , Sahyoun Nadine R. , Tylavsky Frances A. , Geva Diklah , Vardi Hillel , Harris Tamara B. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the association between Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) score and 20‐m walking speed over 8 years.DesignHealth, Aging and Body Composition Study (Health ABC) beginning in 1997/98.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsTwo thousand two hundred twenty‐five well‐functioning individuals aged 70 and older.MeasurementsWalking speed was assessed in relation to low, medium, and high adherence to the MedDiet (0–2, 3–5, 6–9 points, respectively).ResultsIndividuals in the highest MedDiet adherence group were more likely to be male; less likely to smoke; and more likely to have lower body mass index, higher energy intake, and greater physical activity (P < .05). Usual and rapid 20‐m walking speed were highest in the high MedDiet adherence group than in the other groups (high, 1.19 ± 0.19 m/s; medium, 1.16 ± 0.21 m/s; low, 1.15 ± 0.19 m/s, P = .02, for usual speed; high, 1.65 ±0.30 m/s; medium, 1.59 ± 0.32 m/s; low, 1.55 ± 0.30 m/s, P = .001, for rapid speed). Over 8 years, usual and rapid 20‐m walking speed declined in all MedDiet adherence groups. Higher MedDiet adherence was an independent predictor of less decline in usual 20‐m walking speed (P = .049) in generalized estimating equations adjusted for age, race, sex, site, education, smoking, physical activity, energy intake, health status, depression and cognitive score. The effect decreased after adding total body fat percentage to the model (P = .13). Similar results were observed for MedDiet adherence and rapid 20‐m walking speed; the association remained significant after adjustment for total body fat percentage (P = .01). The interaction between time and MedDiet adherence was not significant in any of the models.ConclusionWalking speed over 8 years was faster in those with higher MedDiet adherence at baseline. The differences remained significant over 8 years, suggesting a long‐term effect of diet on mobility performance with aging.
A prospective study on the efficacy of mobilization of autologous peripheral stem cells in pediatric oncohematology patients
Authors: Cesaro Simone , Tintori Veronica , Nesi Francesca , Schiavello Elisabetta , Calore Elisabetta , Dallorso Sandro , Migliavacca Maddalena , Capolsini Ilaria , Desantis Raffaella , Caselli Desirèe , Fagioli Franca , Luksch Roberto , Panizzolo Irene , Tridello Gloria , Prete Arcangelo 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPeripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are the preferred source in autologous transplantation. We assessed prospectively the efficacy of mobilization in pediatric patients and risk factors associated with its failure.Study Design and MethodsPatients, aged 0 to 17 years, needing a first collection of PBSCs for autologous stem cell transplantation were eligible. The study period was from July 2008 to September 2010. A blood peak of fewer than 20 × 106 CD34+ cells/L was used as the cutoff to define a poor mobilizer.ResultsA total of 145 patients, 57% male (82) and 43% female (63), with a median age of 7 years, affected by solid tumor, 79% (114), and acute leukemia or lymphoma, 21% (31), were enrolled. Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor used was filgrastim in 69%, lenograstim in 26%, and pegfilgrastim in 5% of patients. A total of 83% (121) of patients mobilized successfully, the median CD34+ count being 120 × 106/L (range, 23 × 106‐1840 × 106/L). A single leukapheresis procedure was sufficient to achieve the target CD34+ cell dose in 82% (99/121) of patients. Among 24 poor mobilizer patients, 15 underwent a second mobilizing course and nine required a marrow harvest. Factors associated with poor mobilization were metastatic disease and relapse. Among 99 patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation, the median times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment and of hospitalization were longer by 2, 12, and 6 days in poor versus good mobilizer group.ConclusionsIn pediatric patients undergoing a first mobilization, the incidence of poor mobilization was 17%. Failure of mobilization resulted in an increase in health costs and a longer hospitalization for those who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation.
Is Increased Libido an Atypical Symptom of Bipolar Depression? An Interesting Case
Authors: Mahadevan Raynuha , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Sidi Hatta , Midin Marhani , Das Srijit 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Decreased libido is recognized as one of the vegetative symptoms of depression. Increased libido has not been acknowledged as one of its symptoms, neither has it been reported, particularly in depressed bipolar patients.

Aim
We hereby report a case of atypical presentation of increased sexual function in a patient in depressed phase of bipolar II thereby querying the fact, whether increased libido is actually an unrecognized atypical symptom of bipolar depression.

Methods
A 48-year-old male presented with mood swings whereby his sexual function was increased during his depressive phase. Antidepressant, mood stabilizer, and antipsychotic medication were administered. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was offered for augmentation therapy.

Main Outcome Measures
When sexual dysfunction is not identified, there is a risk of misdiagnosis and mismanagement.

Results
Patient did not attain full remission with medication. Compliance with medication was an issue, most probably due to the sexual side effects. The patient refused ECT.

Conclusion
This case highlights atypical presentation of high libido in a patient in the depressive phase of bipolar II disorder. The uncommon presentation of a common illness posed a diagnostic challenge and complicated the subsequent management. It was concluded that increased sexual function deserves further consideration as a symptom of bipolar depression.
Monitoring behavior: assessing population status with rapid behavioral assessment
Authors: Wildermuth Robert P. , Anadón José Daniel , Gerber Leah R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDespite years of effort from behavioral ecologists, animal behavior has not been fully integrated into the field of conservation biology. We propose a novel framework to join these fields through the use of demographic models. We present three strategies for incorporating behavior in demographic models, outline the costs of each strategy through decision analysis, and build on previous work in behavioral ecology and demography. We then provide practical recommendations for applying this framework to management programs. First, relevant behavioral mechanisms should be included in demographic models used for conservation decision making. Second, rapid behavioral assessment is a useful tool to approximate demographic parameters through regression of demographic phenomena on observations of related behaviors. Behaviorally estimated parameters may be included in population viability analysis for use in management. Finally, behavioral indices can be used as indicators of population trends. Rapid behavioral assessment holds promise as a cost‐effective tool, but also represents a cost to model accuracy. We provide a framework for implementing rapid behavioral assessment through case studies of reproductive, foraging, and antipredator behaviors. We use a decision‐theoretic approach to provide quantitative rules for identifying when metrics of animal behavior may be more meaningful than traditional population assessment.
Should Medicare rely on high drug spending as a criterion for medication therapy management programmes?
Authors: Simoni-Wastila Linda , Qian Jingjing , Wei Yu-Jung Jenny , Stuart Bruce , Zuckerman Ilene H , Shaffer Thomas , Dalal Anand A , Bryant-Comstock Lynda 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The goal of Medicare Part D medication therapy management programmes (MTMPs) is to optimize medication use by beneficiaries. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services require prescription drug plans (PDPs) to consider numbers of chronic medications and conditions, and total Part D spending when targeting beneficiaries for MTMPs. However, there is no explicit evidence base establishing these criteria. The objectives were to examine the associations of Part D spending with medication use and adherence among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study used a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries with COPD enrolled in stand-alone PDPs and Medicare Parts A and B in 2006–2007 (n = 72 912). Maintenance medication use and adherence for COPD were measured in three domains: discontinuation, duration of therapy and proportion of days covered.

Key findings
Proportions of beneficiaries using COPD maintenance medications increased with Part D spending, from 33.4% (quintile 1) to 60.5% (quintile 5), after covariant adjustment. Among maintenance medication users, the adjusted proportions of beneficiaries exhibiting better adherence also increased with spending, with the top 20% of spenders having the highest proportion of beneficiaries exhibiting good adherence. Adjusted proportions of beneficiaries discontinuing medications decreased with increased Part D spending.

Conclusions
The Part D MTMP spending criterion (US$4000 in 2007; US$3000 in 2010) may be an inappropriate target for identifying Medicare beneficiaries in need of adherence counselling. Findings suggest higher spenders may have learned healthy adherence behaviours, whereas lower spenders may be prone to discontinue medication and/or demonstrate poor adherence behaviours.
Effects of dietary red pepper on egg yolk colour and histological intestinal morphology in laying hens
Authors: Lokaewmanee K. , Yamauchi K. , Okuda N. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryTo evaluate the effect of three kinds of red pepper supplementation ‘Kagawa Hontaka’ produced at Shiwaku Islands (KHS), Miki (KHM) and Takanotsume (TKT) on production performance, egg quality and intestinal histology in laying hens. A total of 32 laying hens (39 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to four groups, each comprising eight hens. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with red pepper at 0% (control), 0.5% KHS, 0.5% KHM and 0.5% TKT, respectively. Compared with the control group, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in feed consumption, final body weight, hen‐day production, egg mass, feed efficiency, shell‐breaking strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, albumen ratio, yolk ratio and Haugh units was observed among the experimental groups. Roche yolk colour fan (RYCF) value increased significantly in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the KHS and KHM groups showed higher RYCF values than the TKT group (p < 0.05). Spectrophotometric measurements of yolk colour, redness (a*) and yellow index (YI) values were higher in the KHS and KHM groups (p < 0.0001). The yellowness (b*) value was lower in the TKT group (p < 0.05). The lightness (L*) value was lower in the KHS and KHM groups (p < 0.05). Villus height, villus area, cell area and cell mitosis in all intestinal segments tended to be higher in all experimental groups. Jejunal cell area and cell mitosis were higher in experimental groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The cells on the villus tip surface were protuberated in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the KHS, KHM and TKT groups showed hypertrophied intestinal villi and epithelial cell functions. These results indicate that dietary red pepper has stimulating effect on intestinal villi and the structure of epithelial cells, and the 0.5% KHS and KHM groups improved in egg yolk colour.
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation Termination on Clinical Outcome after Ablation in Relation to the Duration of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: KOMATSU YUKI , TANIGUCHI HIROSHI , MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE , NAKAMURA HIROAKI , KUSA SHIGEKI , UCHIYAMA TAKASHI , KAKITA KEN , KAKUTA TSUNEKAZU , HACHIYA HITOSHI , IESAKA YOSHITO 
Published: October 2012

Background: Whether procedural termination of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is necessary for optimal clinical efficacy still remains controversial. We sought to characterize the patients with persistent AF in whom procedural AF termination impacted an improved clinical outcome after ablation.
Methods: We retrospectively assessed 132 patients (61.0 ± 9.3 years, 114 males) undergoing catheter ablation of persistent AF (duration 3 years, median). A stepwise ablation approach including pulmonary vein isolation and atrial substrate ablation targeting complex fractionated and high‐frequency electrograms was performed with desired endpoint of AF termination.
Results: Overall, 90 patients (68%) were free from recurrent arrhythmias at 20 ± 11 months of follow‐up after one or two procedures. The left atrial diameter and continuous AF duration according to medical history were associated with the outcome (P = 0.002 and P< 0.001, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the continuous AF duration was the only independent predictor of recurrent arrhythmias (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.23, P < 0.001). In patients with AF duration of ≥3 years, the clinical success was comparable regardless of whether AF termination was achieved or not (log‐rank, P = 0.27). In the remaining patients with AF duration of <3 years, procedural AF termination was associated with a higher arrhythmia‐free rate than when AF was sustained after ablation (log‐rank, P = 0.023).
Conclusion: Extensive ablation to terminate AF might not be warranted in patients with a longer AF duration. On the contrary, procedural AF termination could be associated with maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with a shorter AF duration with a less proarrhythmic substrate. (PACE 2012;35:1436–1443)