bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overfeeding Over 24 Hours Does Not Activate Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans
Authors: Schlögl Mathias , Piaggi Paolo , Thiyyagura Pradeep , Reiman Eric M. , Chen Kewei , Lutrin Calvin , Krakoff Jonathan , Thearle Marie S. 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated with cold exposure, but it is unknown whether overfeeding activates BAT.

Objective:
We determined BAT activation with cold, fasting, and overfeeding and the relationship of BAT activation with future weight change.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions:
Sixteen healthy adults were evaluated during energy balance, fasting, and 24 hours of 200% overfeeding. All subjects had a fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) scan after exposure to 16°C to determine cold-induced BAT activity (CIBA). The first six subjects had a second PET scan after 36 hours of fasting to establish the lack of BAT activation at 22°C. The other subjects' second PET scan occurred after 24 hours of overfeeding at 22°C but only if they demonstrated CIBA. Twelve subjects returned at 6 months for reassessment of body composition.

Main Outcome Measures:
BAT was defined in cool scans as voxels with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2.0 or greater and Hounsfield units between −250 and −10. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Results:
Although 75% of the subjects demonstrated visible CIBA, none had visual BAT activity after overfeeding. CIBA was greater than that observed in the same defined BAT voxels after fasting (n = 6; 2.9 ± 0.5 vs 1.2 ± 0.2; Δ = −1.7; 95% confidence interval −2.4, −1.0 SUV; P &lt; .01). In the second cohort, CIBA was also higher than observed BAT voxel activity after 24 hours overfeeding (n = 8; 3.5 ± 0.7 vs 0.9 ± 0.2; Δ = −2.6; 95% confidence interval −3.2, −1.9 SUV; P &lt; .01). Baseline CIBA negatively correlated with changes in fat mass after 6 months (r = −0.72, P = .009).

Conclusions:
BAT may be important in weight regulation unrelated to the response to overeating.
Mode Transition Control Using Disturbance Compensation for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Kim Hyunsup , Kim Jihun , Lee Hyeongcheol 
Published: October 2013

This paper proposes a new approach for the mode transition control in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with an engine clutch. During mode transition, a noticeable jerk or torque fluctuation in the hybrid powertrain, which may result in the vibration of the drivetrain and an unpleasant driving sensation, occurs frequently because of discontinuity of the dynamics and the characteristics of the powertrain system. Therefore, ensuring smooth vehicle operation during the mode transitions is an important objective of the HEV control. This paper presents a four-phase control strategy during transition from the electric vehicle mode to the hybrid mode by using disturbance observers. The disturbance observer estimates and compensates for disturbances to improve control accuracy, tracking performance, and drivability. The vehicle model is developed to represent the characteristics of the transient response of the target system and is used to simulate and verify the proposed control algorithms. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed control algorithms.
TAXATION SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN: INFLUENCE OF TAX REFORMS ON SMALL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Dekhanov Makhamadali 
Published: October 2013

The problems of SME development and high tax rates have always been one of the most important social problems in any state. In recent years the taxation issue has gained a very big importance from the government policymakers. Politicians suggest further decrease of tax rates for small and medium enterprises and also improvement of single tax policy. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of influence of tax reforms on small enterprises in Uzbekistan.. Particularly it analysis how single tax effects the development and functioning of the SMEs. The base hypothesis used in this research paper is Laffer’ hypothesis, which states that decrease of tax rates will encourage the development of the enterprises and will raise more government revenues. This effect will be achieved through better business conditions, which ensures the financial sustainability of the business. Another point is the lower avoidance rate, where enterprises will not be more needed to hide their revenues and avoid taxes.The research results showed that implementation of lower tax rates and single tax policy, positively effect the development of the SME sector. Despite the policies and actions taken by government authorities, there is still space for improvements.
Basic Requirements Of The Basel Committee On Regulating Capital Adequacy And Liquidity Of Commercial Banks
Authors: Berdiyarov Bahriddin 
Published: October 2013

The current paper highlights theBaselI, Basel II & Basel III requirements on capital adequacy and liquidity of commercial banks. In the paper, Basel II structure, methods of loan risk assessment, coefficients of loan risk assessment, credit risk measurement for counterparty banks are discussed. Moreover, assessments of Basel III on bank chances against crisis driven from financial and economic crunches, risk management, performance quality and bank transparency improvement measures are presented. At the end, the author gives his conclusions on the essence and necessity of new regulatory standards of the Basel Committee on bank’s supervision in the structure of the supervision of credit institutions.
Mechanism Improvement Of State Support For Small Businesses Through Tax Tools In Uzbekistan
Authors: Murodova Nodira 
Published: October 2013

This article highlights the tax incentives offered by the Uzbek Government to the small businesses with hope to increase the share of the private sector in country GDP. In the paper the author researched a number of tax privileges that became available since the Independence years. On the basis of the scientific findings the author has worked out a number of practical proposals to improve the mechanism of state support for small businesses through tax tools.
Pathogenic Approaches To The Treatment Of Patients With Acute Pneumonia Progressing With Bronchial Obstruction
Authors: Khaidarova M 
Published: October 2013

At the analysis of clinical efficiency of differential therapy inthe patients with AP with BO the type vegetative nervous system is defined. In the patients with hypersympathicotonic VR (group II) and asympathycotonic VR (III group).during differential treatment there was noted reduction in duration of dyspnea, pulmonary cyanosis, moist pulmonary rales . In the patients with AP with BO alongside with changes biochemical, immune and vegetative status there was found wrong attitude of the family to the child, and also the psychological behavioral deviations in the child as increasd anxiety, aggression; on a background of complex therapywere performed psychological correctional methods oftreatment: musictherapy, psychogymnastics, gameexercises. At catamnestic observation within one year of 40 childrenwho have received on a background of other methods of treatment psychocorrection, repeated bronchial obstructionwas observed only at 15 % observable children. In control group already through 3 months 45 % of children have addressed with repeated episodes BO at pneumonia and
Role Of Lymphatic Polychemotherapy And Ehf Therapy In Treatment Of Colorectal Cancer Complicated By Carcinomatosis Of Abdominal Cavity
Authors: AKBAROV E , Navruzov S , Abdujapparov S , Islamov H 
Published: October 2013

Aim: to improve treatment results of colorectal cancer, complicated carcinomatosis of abdominal cavity, by associated using of endolymphatic chemotherapy (ELCT) and local extremely high frequency (EHF) therapy.Materials and methods: I-group – 21 people (33.3%) performed colostomy, then neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy by the scheme FOLFOX-4. It was held two cycles, after two cycles their were received cytoreductive surgery;II group – 26 people (41,3%) received cytoreductive operations with early postoperative intra-abdominal chemotherapy by oxaliplatin (200 mg/m(2) at day 1 and 5-FU 650 mg/m(2) from days 1 to 4.III group – 16 people (25,4%) also performed colostomy, then used 2 courses of ELCT with local EHF therapy and all patients were received cytoreductive operations. ELCT was carried out injecting oxaliplatin-100 mg/m(2) a day during 12 hours and then 5 – FU in doze of 600 mg/m2 a day during 72 hours by the instrumentality of the dozer and LV-200 mg/m(2) (2-h intravenous infusion). During ELCT patients received local EHF therapy in abdominal cavity for an hour.Results: After chemotherapy the partial regress of tumor observed in 1st group in 4,8 % and in 3rd –37,5 %, stabilization of process noted in 28,6 and 50% cases, progressing –66,7 and 12,5% cases correspondingly to groups. Histomorphologic study of malignant foci after ELCT+EHF therapy showed reduction of specific area of parenchyma cancer cell from 57 till 39% simultaneous growth of stroma from 40 till 58% and in necrosis area – from 1,8 till 2,5%. Mitotic activity of tumor cells in the 1st group decreased (average in 22 un.), but in 3rd group it decreased until 11 units. Analysis of life span showed that in 1st group of patients 2-year survival rate was 66,7%. In 2nd group of patients 2-year survival rate was 42,3%. Сonclusion: ELCH+EHF-therapy has high clinic efficacy and promotes to decrease terms of progression of tumor process, increases life span from 0 till 24% and quality of life of the patients. ELCH+EHF-therapy brings to reduction of specific area of parenchyma in cancer cells from 57 till 39% with simultaneous growth of stroma area from 40 till 58% and necrosis area – from 1,8 till 2,5%. ELCT+EHF-therapy lowers mitotic activity of tumor cells, activates apoptosis, hemodynamic and metabolic rates.
Individual Approach In Treatment Of Advanced Stomach Cancer
Authors: Juraev D , Egamberdiev M , Khudayorov S , Tuyev N 
Published: October 2013

Background: To study efficiency of the combined treatment of advanced gastric cancer with inclusion Trastuzumab.Material: We present the intermediate analysis of the use of target therapy with Trastuzumab in patients with a HER2-positive gastric cancer. Up to 01.10.2009y 118 patients have been tested for HER-2 expression, and in 24 gastric cancer patients it is revealed HER2-positive status of tumor. It is lead chemotherapy to all patients by the PLF regimen and Herceptin in doze 6 mg/kg once in 3 weeks (6 cycles). In control group in 26 patients it is lead only chemotherapy by the PLF regimen once in 3 weeks without addition Trastuzumab (6 cycles).Results: At the moment of the analysis of preliminary data, the median remission duration in compared groups has made 8.3 months, and 5.2 months, accordingly.Conclusion: At advanced gastric cancer with high level HER-2 expression Trastuzumab increases frequency of objective effect and the median remission duration.
Lessons Learned From Conducting Educational Multi-Level Programs Of Lawyer’s Training: A Case Study Of Tomsk State University
Authors: Utkini Vladimir 
Published: October 2013

This article describes the experience in carrying out of educational programs of barristers and Masters in the Institute of Law of the oldest educational establishment in Siberia, Tomsk State University. Due to the reforms in Russian higher education that were launched some time ago, the majority of educational programs in higher professional education became two­level. Tomsk State University joined in the activity at the beginning of the 1990s. A research group was set up whose task was to analyze the foreign educational systems and to work out a scheme acceptable for one of the oldest universities of Russia. We can not but admit the qualitatively different motivation for studying that professionally qualified law specialists and bachelors have. The former, who are self­sufficient at the labor market from the point of view of modern Russian requirements, consider the master course to be the first step towards their future scientific­pedagogical activity and, while studying, start their research, pass candidate examinations. Master’s degree course is a really elite legal education for them. Bachelors from non­state law schools, unfortunately, have a low level of fundamental and applied knowledge of law. For most of them studying for Master’s degree at Tomsk State University is only a means of getting a prestigious state university degree which proves to be competitive at labor market.This article describes the experience in carrying out of educational programs of barristers and Masters in the Institute of Law of the oldest educational establishment in Siberia, Tomsk State University. Due to the reforms in Russian higher education that were launched some time ago, the majority of educational programs in higher professional education became two­level. Tomsk State University joined in the activity at the beginning of the 1990s. A research group was set up whose task was to analyze the foreign educational systems and to work out a scheme acceptable for one of the oldest universities of Russia.
A case study analysis in the context of information technology: Toward a collective intelligence approach
Authors: Boulesnane Sabrina , Bouzidi Laïd 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The problem that information-technology specialists encounter is generally situated at the level of the interpretation of small and medium-sized enterprise needs. We propose a collective intelligence approach based on hybrid methodology to help professional actors manage the heterogeneousness of customers’ needs. The system of mediation takes into account the organizational context, human needs, as well as a technological dimension. This approach allows manager and consultants to better recognize how to extend their strategy space with the aim of identifying new collaborative managerial practices.
Determination of fetal heart rate from abdominal signals: evaluation of beat-to-beat accuracy in relation to the direct fetal electrocardiogram
Authors: Jezewski Janusz , Matonia Adam , Kupka Tomasz , Roj Dawid , Czabanski Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe main aim of our work was to assess the reliability of indirect abdominal electrocardiography as an alternative to the commonly used Doppler ultrasound monitoring technique. As a reference method, we used direct fetal electrocardiography. Direct and abdominal signals were acquired simultaneously, using dedicated instrumentation. The developed method of maternal signal suppression as well as fetal QRS complexes detection was presented. Recordings were collected during established labors, each consisted of four signals from the maternal abdomen and the reference signal acquired directly from the fetal head. After assessing the performance of the QRS detector, the accuracy of fetal heart rate measurement was evaluated. Additionally, to reduce the influence of inaccurately detected R-waves, some validation rules were proposed. The obtained results revealed that the indirect method is able to provide an accuracy sufficient for a reliable assessment of fetal heart rate variability. However, the method is very sensitive to recording conditions, influencing the quality of signals. Our investigations confirmed that abdominal electrocardiography, even in its current stage of development, offers an accuracy equal to or higher than an ultrasound method, at the same time providing some additional features.
Enhancing Pediatric Workforce Diversity and Providing Culturally Effective Pediatric Care: Implications for Practice, Education, and Policy Making
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC WORKFORCE, Pletcher Beth A. , Rimsza Mary Ellen , Basco William T. , Hotaling Andrew J. , Sigrest Ted D. , Simon Frank A. 
Published: October 2013

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed October 2015 and December 2022.
This policy statement serves to combine and update 2 previously independent but overlapping statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) on culturally effective health care (CEHC) and workforce diversity. The AAP has long recognized that with the ever-increasing diversity of the pediatric population in the United States, the health of all children depends on the ability of all pediatricians to practice culturally effective care. CEHC can be defined as the delivery of care within the context of appropriate physician knowledge, understanding, and appreciation of all cultural distinctions, leading to optimal health outcomes. The AAP believes that CEHC is a critical social value and that the knowledge and skills necessary for providing CEHC can be taught and acquired through focused curricula across the spectrum of lifelong learning.
This statement also addresses workforce diversity, health disparities, and affirmative action. The discussion of diversity is broadened to include not only race, ethnicity, and language but also cultural attributes such as gender, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, and disability, which may affect the quality of health care. The AAP believes that efforts must be supported through health policy and advocacy initiatives to promote the delivery of CEHC and to overcome educational, organizational, and other barriers to improving workforce diversity.
An Evaluation of the Demand for Telework and Smart Work Centres in Rural Areas: A Case Study from Latvia
Authors: Vitola Alise , Baltina Iveta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRural territories face significant challenges in a globalised world as the number of jobs in traditional rural sectors are decreasing. At the same time, information and communication technologies as well as the changes in professional duties allow the rural community to participate in the knowledge economy distantly. In order to evaluate the potential of telework 1335 inhabitants (0.07% of the population) were surveyed in Latvia. A detailed analysis was conducted in two rural municipalities (Balvi and Limbazi) that face different socio-economic challenges. The results of the survey show a high demand for telework in Latvia rather insensitive to the gender, age and the place of residence of the respondents. People in less populated areas are also interested in socialising and professional networking activities in smart work centres - special premises for teleworking.
An Assessment of Leporid Research and Landscape Ecology Metrics in a European Landscape
Authors: Gilcrease Kelsey 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Leporids play a dynamic role in the ecosystem and assessments must be undertaken in order to improve research efforts and methods. Landscape ecology metrics are used to quantify components of leporid habitat such as vegetation structure, vegetation cover, habitat type, and fragmentation; however, the degree to which the metrics are utilized in leporid research is relatively unknown. This paper assessed fifty-three published, peer reviewed papers on leporids from various European countries on where the study was done, the species of leporid that was studied, the content of the study (i.e. what the paper focused on), the length of the study, the size of the study area, and the method of study. The quantified landscape metrics within these papers were assessed. This study found that most of the studies occurred in Spain, the European rabbit and European hare were the most studied leporids, many papers were concerned with habitat relationships, many of the studies were conducted in a year or less, many papers utilized pellet surveys and trapping, and the most common landscape metric utilized was habitat type. This survey of research on leporids highlights that there is a lack of utilizing landscape structure and function metrics such as slope, fragmentation, and edge effect. These are important variables to help connect structure and function of ecological processes in the context of leporid habitat and landscapes. It is recommended that leporid researchers and landscape planners exchange research findings so that the best planning practices can occur on the ground for the leporids
Designing Migration Corridors for Large Mammals in the Czech Republic
Authors: Romportl Dušan , Andreas Michal , Anděl Petr , Bláhová Anna , Bufka Luděk , Gorčicová Iva , Hlaváč Václav , Mináriková Tereza , Strnad Martin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The presented article introduces methods and some results of a project aiming to improve the protection of landscape permeability for migration of large mammals. The main aim of the project was delimitation of migration corridors, representing an ecological network connecting areas of existing, or potential presence of focal species. Based on mapping of current and historical occurrence of selected species of large predators and ungulates, areas of potential presence of such species were defined, including further analysis of connectivity of these areas. At the same time, all categories of anthropogenic and natural barriers were described. Migration corridors were designed over detailed topographic datasets, according to the results of habitat analyses of both groups of animals, and subsequently were tested in the field. The project resulted in a coherent network of existing and proposed migration corridors, with sections categorised according to permeability, as well as methodical protection and a management plan
JOSPT Launches New Website
Authors: Simoneau Guy G. , Holmes Edith 
Published: October 2013

We are pleased to welcome readers to JOSPT's revamped website at www.jospt.org . In addition to a fresh, up-to-date design focused on the user, JOSPT's site offers several new features that you have requested, including full-text articles, mobile delivery, and improved search. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):682–684. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0107
Dual reinnervation of biceps muscle after side-to-side anastomosis of an intact median nerve and a damaged musculocutaneous nerve
Authors: Cage Tene A. , Simon Neil G. , Bourque Suzanne , Noss Roger , Engstrom John W. , Ralph Jeffrey W. , Kliot Michel 
Published: October 2013

Traumatic peripheral nerve injury can lead to significant long-term disability for previously healthy persons. Damaged nerve trunks have been traditionally repaired using cable grafts, but nerve transfer or neurotization procedures have become increasingly popular because the axonal regrowth distances are much shorter. These techniques sacrifice the existing nerve pathway, so muscle reinnervation depends entirely on the success of the repair. Providing a supplemental source of axons from an adjacent intact nerve by using side-to-side anastomosis might reinnervate the target muscle without compromising the function of the donor nerve.
The authors report a case of biceps muscle reinnervation after side-to-side anastomosis of an intact median nerve to a damaged musculocutaneous nerve. The patient was a 34-year-old man who had sustained traumatic injury primarily to the right upper and middle trunks of the brachial plexus. At 9 months after the injury, because of persistent weakness, the severely damaged upper trunk of the brachial plexus was repaired with an end-to-end graft. When 8 months later biceps function had not recovered, the patient underwent side-to-side anastomosis of the intact median nerve to the adjacent distal musculocutaneous nerve via epineural windows. By 9 months after the second surgery, biceps muscle function had returned clinically and electrodiagnostically. Postoperative electromyographic and nerve conduction studies confirmed that the biceps muscle was being reinnervated partly by donor axons from the healthy median nerve and partly by the recovering musculocutaneous nerve.
This case demonstrates that side-to-side anastomosis of an intact median to an injured musculocutaneous nerve can provide dual reinnervation of the biceps muscle while minimizing injury to both donor and recipient nerves.