bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing an episode of care from acute hospitalization records for studying effects of timing of hip fracture surgery
Authors: Sheehan Katie J. , Sobolev Boris , Guy Pierre , Bohm Eric , Hellsten Erik , Sutherland Jason M. , Kuramoto Lisa , Jaglal Susan ,   for the Canadian Collaborative Study on Hip Fractures
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTEpisodes of care defined by the event of hip fracture surgery are widely used for the assessment of surgical wait times and outcomes. However, this approach does not consider nonoperative deaths, implying that survival time begins at the time of procedure. This approach makes treatment effect implicitly conditional on surviving to treatment. The purpose of this article is to describe a novel conceptual framework for constructing an episode of hip fracture care to fully evaluate the incidence of adverse events related to time after admission for hip fracture. This admission‐based approach enables the assessment of the full harm of delay by including deaths while waiting for surgery, not just deaths after surgery. Some patients wait until their conditions are optimized for surgery, whereas others have to wait until surgical service becomes available. We provide definitions, linkage rules, and algorithms to capture all hip fracture patients and events other than surgery. Finally, we discuss data elements for stratifying patients according to administrative factors for delay to allow researchers and policymakers to determine who will benefit most from expedited access to surgery. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:197–204, 2016.
Configuration of watermelon fruit quality in response to rootstock‐mediated harvest maturity and postharvest storage
Authors: Kyriacou Marios C , Soteriou Georgios A , Rouphael Youssef , Siomos Anastasios S , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe configuration of watermelon fruit quality was analysed in a multi‐factorial approach accounting for the effects of grafting, harvest maturity and postharvest storage. Diploid, seeded, hybrid cv. Pegasus, cultivated as scion on interspecific hybrid squash rootstock TZ148 and as non‐grafted control, was stored at 25 °C following sequential harvests from the onset of ripening to over‐maturity.RESULTSDelayed rootstock‐mediated climax in pulp lycopene and chroma was observed, while both were heightened by postharvest storage when harvest preceded full maturity. Pulp firmness was increased by 46.5% on TZ148, while postharvest decrease in firmness was non‐significant. Non‐grafted fruits attained their peak in pulp carbohydrate content earlier during ripening. Monosaccharide content declined and sucrose content increased both preharvest and postharvest; overall sugar content declined by 4.3% during storage. Pulp acidity decreased steadily with ripening but was moderately increased by grafting. Citrulline content increased by 12.5% on TZ148; moreover, it climaxed with ripening and declined with storage only in grafted fruit.CONCLUSIONGrafting enhances pulp texture and bioactive composition. Potential suppression of sugar content as a result of grafting is minimized at full commercial maturity. Brief postharvest ambient storage enhances pulp lycopene and chroma, especially in early‐picked fruit, notwithstanding the depletion of monosaccharides and citrulline and a limited deterioration of texture. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Environmental Factors Controlling Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Two Contrasting Mediterranean Climatic Areas of Southern Spain
Authors: Willaarts Bárbara A. , Oyonarte Cecilio , Muñoz‐Rojas Miriam , Ibáñez Juan José , Aguilera Pedro A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractManaging soil carbon requires accurate estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its dynamics, at scales able to capture the influence of local factors on the carbon pool. This paper develops a spatially explicit methodology to quantify SOC stocks in two contrasting regions of Southern Spain: Sierra Norte de Sevilla (SN) and Cabo de Gata (CG). Also, it examines the relationship between SOC stocks and local environmental factors. Results showed that mean SOC stocks were 4·3 kg m−2 in SN and 3·0 kg m−2 in CG. Differences in SOC in both sites were not significant, suggesting that factors other than climate have a greater influence on SOC stocks. A correlation matrix revealed that SOC has the highest positive correlation with clay content and soil depth. Based on the land use, the largest SOC stocks were found in grassland soils (4·4 kg m−2 in CG and 5·0 kg m−2 in SN) and extensive crops (3·0 kg m−2 in CG and 5·0 kg m−2 in SN), and the smallest under shrubs (2·8 kg m−2 in CG and 3·2 kg m−2 in SN) and forests soils (4·2 kg m−2 in SN). This SOC distribution is explained by the greatest soil depth under agricultural land uses, a common situation across the Mediterranean, where the deepest soils have been cultivated and natural vegetation mostly remains along the marginal sites. Accordingly, strategies to manage SOC stocks in southern Spain will have to acknowledge its high pedodiversity and long history of land use, refusing the adoption of standard global strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual plane diep flap inset: Optimizing esthetic outcome in delayed autologous breast reconstruction
Authors: Gravvanis Andreas , Samouris George , Galani Eleni , Tsoutsos Dimosthenis 
Published: July 2015

PurposeIn the present study, we compare the esthetic outcome in delayed autologous breast reconstruction, in the spectrum of irradiated chest wall, following two different abdominal flap inset.Patients and methodsFifty women, candidates for microsurgical reconstruction with a free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, participated in this prospective, randomized control study. In group‐A (n = 25) the flap was inset using the traditional single plane in front of the pectoral muscle. In group‐B (n = 25) the flap was inset in a dual plane lying simultaneously behind and in front of the pectoralis major at the upper and lower poles of the reconstructed breast, respectively.Photographic images were formulated to a PowerPoint presentation and cosmetic outcomes were assessed by means of a questionnaire and a visual analog scale.ResultsThe dual plane flap inset presented significant advantages over the traditional single plane because of a better scarring (85.6 ± 1.3 vs.73.6 ± 1.2, P < 0.05), better transition from native and reconstructed tissues (90.2 ± 1.5 vs. 81.5.6 ± 1.6, P < 0.05), better outline of the breast (96.3 ± 1.2 vs. 69.6 ± 2.1, P<0.0001), and better overal breast appearance (86 ± 1.5 vs. 72.2 ± 1.9, P < 0.0001). Moreover, patient self‐evaluation showed that dual plane reconstruction was associated with higher patient satisfaction without wearing brassiere (P = 0.0016), and this could be attributed to the significantly greater fullness of the upper pole (P = 0.0015) and significantly less ptosis with time (P = 0.0014).ConclusionThe dual plane DIEP flap inset improves scar quality, advances the breast shape and fullness of the upper pole, and results in higher patient satisfaction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:432–440, 2015.
Blood micronutrients and DNA damage in children
Authors: Milne Elizabeth , Greenop Kathryn R. , Ramankutty Padmaja , Miller Margaret , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Almond Theodora , O'Callaghan Nathan J. , Fenech Michael 
Published: July 2015

ScopeMaintenance of normal cellular phenotype depends largely on accurate DNA replication and repair. DNA damage causes gene mutations and predisposes to cancer and other chronic diseases. Growing evidence indicates that nutritional factors are associated with DNA damage in adults; here, we investigate these associations in children.Methods and resultsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among 462 healthy children 3, 6, and 9 years of age. Blood was collected and micronutrient levels were measured. The cytokinesis‐block micronucleus cytome assay was used to measure chromosomal DNA damage (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds) in lymphocytes. Cell apoptosis, necrosis, and the nuclear division index were also measured. Nine loci in genes involved in folate metabolism and DNA repair were genotyped. Data were analyzed using linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Plasma calcium was positively associated with micronuclei and necrosis, and α‐tocopherol negatively associated with apoptosis, nuclear division index, and nucleoplasmic bridges; lutein was positively associated with nucleoplasmic bridges. α‐tocopherol was positively associated with necrosis.ConclusionDNA damage in healthy children may be influenced by blood micronutrient levels and certain genotypes. Further investigation of associations between nutritional status and genomic integrity in children is needed to shed additional light on potential mechanisms.
Performance improvement of directly modulated semiconductor optical amplifier with filter‐assisted birefringent fiber loop
Authors: Zoiros Kyriakos E. , Morel Pascal , Hamze Mohamad 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe propose to use an optical bandpass filter (OBPF) placed after a birefringent fiber loop (BFL) to improve the performance of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is directly modulated at an extended data rate than that enabled by its limited modulation bandwidth. The OBPF complements the BFL action by being detuned toward the opposite sideband than the BFL. The obtained experimental results demonstrate and confirm that compared with the BFL only, the filter‐assisted BFL scheme can further reduce the chirp and pulse peak amplitude variations, reshape the eye diagram, and make more symmetric and narrow the spectrum of the encoded data signal after the SOA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2247–2251, 2015
5–35 GHz broadband if amplifier section in 0.13 μm SiGe technology for W‐band heterodyne receiver RFICs
Authors: Reyaz Shakila Bint , Jonsson Rolf , Gustafsson Andreas , Malmqvist Robert , Strodl Andreas , Valenta Václav , Schumacher Hermann , Kaynak Mehmet 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis letter presents the results of a broadband intermediate frequency (IF) section radio frequency integrated circuit designed for a W‐band heterodyne radiometer receiver in a 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The differential IF section which consists of an amplifier and a power detector uses inductive and resistive matching to obtain a wideband response. The IF amplifier has a measured gain of 10.0–19.5 dB at 2–37 GHz, noise figure of 6–8 dB at 1–26 GHz, and OIP3 of 7–17 dBm at 1–40 GHz. The detector has a measured responsivity of 1 kV/W and an estimated noise equivalent power (NEP) of 4–6 pW/Hz1/2 at 5–35 GHz, respectively. For the IF section, the input return loss is better than 10 dB at 7–40 GHz and the responsivity is 10–82 kV/W at 5–35 GHz. The broadband properties over significantly wider bandwidths than earlier reported silicon‐based IF amplifier and power detector circuits make the SiGe 5–35 GHz IF section suitable for W‐band direct‐conversion radiometer receiver Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits with a larger predetection bandwidth and improved sensitivity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2286–2289, 2015
Dual‐wideband bandstop filter using stepped impedance coupled‐lines
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Geng Jun‐Ping , Jin Rong‐Hong , Liang Xian‐Ling , Liu Liang 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA dual‐wideband bandstop filter using stepped impedance coupled‐lines is proposed. Due to the couplings of the coupled‐lines, two transmission zeros are introduced into each stopband, leading to enhanced selectivity and extended rejection bandwidths. To validate the proposed structure, one prototype filter has been fabricated and measured. The results show the stopbands with −10 dB fractional bandwidth of 83% and 30% at 1.2 GHz and 4.2 GHz, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2304–2306, 2015
Novel 3D printed synthetic dielectric substrates
Authors: Zhang Shiyu , Njoku Chinwe C. , Whittow William G. , Vardaxoglou John C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis letter presents dielectric properties of air filled synthetic substrates fabricated in a single process using three‐dimensional printing. The permittivity and loss tangent of a given sized substrate can be changed by controlling the air infill volume fraction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2344–2346, 2015
Dispersion variation in ring‐type erbium‐doped fiber ultrashort pulse laser with single‐wall carbon nanotube‐based tapered fiber saturable absorber
Authors: Mohamad Hafizah , Abu Bakar Muhammad Hafiz , Mahdi Mohd Adzir 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDispersion effect on mode‐locked ring‐type erbium‐doped fiber laser was experimentally observed. Cutback method was used on the cavity length to vary the dispersion. Stable pulse trains with 9.27‐MHz frequency at optimum pulse duration of 864 fs were achieved when the cavity was composed of 17‐m single‐mode fiber with 5‐m gain medium. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2374–2376, 2015
A compact ultrawideband bandpass filter
Authors: Chen Shiyong , Yu Yantao , Tang Mingchun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA compact ultrawideband bandpass filter (UWB BPF) with good selectivity has been proposed. The proposed UWB BPF is constructed by two shorted coupled lines, two open coupled lines, and a transversal transmission line. One prototype is fabricated for verification. The measured results show that the insertion loss is about 0.85 dB at center frequency and return loss is better than 13.5 dB in the range of 3.14–10.22 GHz, which are in good agreements with the simulated ones. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2384–2386, 2015
Rounded bevel shaped fed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband applications
Authors: Prachi Chauthaiwale , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna fed by a rounded bevel shaped patch has been proposed in this letter. The antenna structure uses coplanar waveguide technique with truncated ground plane. The cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) loads the patch at low frequencies and also adds its own resonances to obtain a wideband performance. The proposed antenna structure achieves a measured impedance bandwidth of 124.4% covering frequency range from 4.4 to 18.9 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2364–2368, 2015
Analysis, simulation, and experimental verification of split‐ring resonator
Authors: Ejaz Tahir , Rahman Hamood Ur , Zaidi Tahir , Tauqeer T. , Shah Syed Afaq Ali 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTSplit‐ring resonator (SRR) finds its utility in various applications where moderate quality factor is required. Application areas for this type of microwave resonator include communication, biomedical, chemical, material testing, and food grading. Design is usually based for a particular band of frequency, dictated by its intended utility/application. A metallic cylindrical shield or cavity is used to enclose resonator for controlling environmental effects. Quality factor determines resonator's figure of merit. Resonant frequency, quality factor, and other output parameters are dependent mainly on critical dimensions and materials used to fabricate resonator and shield. Numerous models have been formulated to predict output parameters. In this study, variations in quality factor and resonant frequency have been analyzed for nonplanar form of SRR structure model based on parametric changes. Simulated and calculated results were analyzed for model validity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine sensitivity of output parameters over SRR dimensions. Output parameters of SRR structure fabricated to operate at 3 GHz, was measured for experimental verification of simulated and calculated results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2358–2363, 2015
High‐efficiency GaN class‐F/class‐F−1 power amplifiers with distributed L‐shaped parasitic‐compensation circuit
Authors: Cheng Qian‐Fu , Fu Hai‐Peng , Zhu Shou‐Kui , Wu Hai‐Feng , Ma Jian‐Guo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a straightforward parasitic‐compensation design method for class‐F and class‐F−1 (inverse F) power amplifiers (PAs) based on a simple L‐shaped transmission‐line section. Design equations are presented and design procedures are elaborated. The fabricated PAs, operating at 2.14 GHz, deliver maximum power‐added efficiency of 80.2% for the class‐F mode and 79.1% for the class‐F−1 mode, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2441–2445, 2015
Enhancement of wireless power transfer efficiency using flat conductor with ferrite wall
Authors: Park Byung‐Chul , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a flat conductor with ferrite wall of spiral resonator is presented to reduce ohmic loss and improve wireless power transmission (WPT) efficiency. The ferrite walls are configured along both side edges of the flat conductor and make more uniformed current distribution on the conductor, so that the conductor resistance is reduced and the efficiency is improved. In the measurement, it is confirmed that the resistance of the spiral resonator with the ferrite wall is reduced by 25% (0.020–0.015 Ω) and the WPT efficiency is improved by 10% (25–35%) at 70‐cm distance when the size of the resonator and the resonance frequency are 35 × 35 × 6 cm3 and 128 kHz, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2371–2373, 2015
A high‐power and high‐efficiency CMOSVCO
Authors: Roy Palash , Dawn Debasis 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis letter presents CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit, as a part of Automatic Dependent Surveillance‐Broadcast (ADS‐B) transmitter, operating at the center frequency of 980 MHz, delivers highest output power with highest efficiency ever reported to the best of authors’ knowledge. The 0.713 mm × 0.638 mm VCO chip fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology exhibits the single‐ended peak output power of 1.4 dBm and the differential peak output power of 4.4 dBm at the frequency of 1.097 GHz, with the frequency tuning range from 980 MHz to 1.1 GHz, and phase noise of −125 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset centered at the frequency of 980 MHz, consuming 48‐mW power from 1.8‐V supply, thus showing state‐of‐the‐art performances. This promising result shows a path toward realizing high‐power single‐chip CMOS ADS‐B transmitter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2437–2441, 2015
A new method based on compressive sensing for monostatic scattering analysis
Authors: Chai Shui‐Rong , Guo Li‐Xin 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA new approach based on the Method of Moments (MoM) and the Compressive Sensing (CS) is proposed to efficiently analyze the electromagnetic monostatic scattering from an arbitrary three‐dimensional (3D) target in this article. The Nyquist–Shannon's sampling theorem must be satisfied when traditional MoM is utilized to solve monostatic scattering problems, which needs a large calculating quantity and is time consuming. Therefore, the CS technique is introduced into the MoM to decrease the sampling rate of the incident angles. Simulation results obtained from the proposed method are verified by comparison with traditional MoM results, which prove an excellent accuracy computation. And the comparison of the simulation time illustrates that the method we present has a very high efficiency in monostatic scattering from conducting 3D bodies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2457–2461, 2015
Studies on SAR reduction using impedance mismatch loss for simple printed 5 GHz monopoles
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Tse , Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA new approach to decreasing the specific absorption rate (SAR) for simple, printed monopoles in the 5‐GHz (5150–5825 MHz) WLAN band is presented. The antennas here are the conventional T‐shaped monopoles with a shorting strip located in between the top radiating arm and the antenna ground. The antenna was devised to be less matched (6 dB return loss) with 0.59 dB more insertion loss, yet the far‐field characteristics were slightly degraded and still met the industrial antenna specifications. It was found that the decreased near‐field radiation can be obtained, and the measured body SAR was substantially lowered by about 35–36% with an air gap of 2 mm directly from the antenna, which was provided by various input power. Details of the design approach and the results are discussed in the article. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2376–2384, 2015
Real‐time monitoring system using RGB‐infrared in a vehicle black box
Authors: Lee Juhyeon , Yoo Hyoungsuk 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTRed, green, and blue (RGB)‐infrared technology for imaging systems is developing in many research areas including surgery and monitoring systems. This article proposes a driver fatigue monitoring system that detects the face and eye regions (especially the pupil area) of the driver and measures the opened–closed eye status using RGB/infrared cameras. In the proposed system, the mean values of the eye region are used to enhance the accuracy of the extracted pupil area. The results show that the accuracy rate of classification for the eye opened/closed states is more than 93%. Therefore, we have confirmed that our proposed system is practical and accurate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2452–2455, 2015
Exposure to colony stimulating factor 2 during preimplantation development increases postnatal growth in cattle
Authors: Kannampuzha‐Francis Jasmine , Denicol Anna C. , Loureiro Barbara , Kaniyamattam Karun , Ortega M. Sofia , Hansen Peter J. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYThe microenvironment of a preimplantation embryo can influence changes in development that affect postnatal phenotypes. One of the potential mediators of this effect in many species is colony‐stimulating factor (CSF2), which can increase an embryo's ability to establish pregnancy after its transfer into recipients. Exposure of embryos to CSF2 during early development can also affect the pattern of development later in pregnancy in a sex‐dependent manner. We therefore hypothesized that treatment of in vitro‐produced embryos with CSF2 in culture would alter birth weight and postnatal growth of the resultant calf. Body weight and withers height were measured for Holstein heifer calves produced in vitro with or without 10 ng/ml CSF2 and for calves produced by artificial insemination. There were no differences in birth weight between groups; thereafter, however, calves from the CSF2‐treated group experienced greater increases in body weight through 13 months of age, with only small differences in withers height. These results support the model that an embryo's postnatal characteristics can be programmed during the preimplantation period, and that CSF2 is one of the embryokines through which programming is directed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 892–897, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.