bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of CMIP5 20th century climate simulations for the Pacific Northwest USA
Authors: Rupp David E. , Abatzoglou John T. , Hegewisch Katherine C. , Mote Philip W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMonthly temperature and precipitation data from 41 global climate models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were compared to observations for the 20th century, with a focus on the United States Pacific Northwest (PNW) and surrounding region. A suite of statistics, or metrics, was calculated, that included correlation and variance of mean seasonal spatial patterns, amplitude of seasonal cycle, diurnal temperature range, annual‐ to decadal‐scale variance, long‐term persistence, and regional teleconnections to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Performance, or credibility, was assessed based on the GCMs' abilities to reproduce the observed metrics. GCMs were ranked in their credibility using two methods. The first simply treated all metrics equally. The second method considered two properties of the metrics: (1) redundancy of information (dependence) among metrics, and (2) confidence in the reliability of an individual metric for accurately ranking models. Confidence was related to how robust the estimate of the metric was to ensemble size, given that for most of the models only a small number of ensemble members (i.e., realizations of the 20th century) were available. A cursory comparison with 24 CMIP3 models revealed few differences between the two generations of models with respect to the statistics analyzed.
Gravity wave activity in the troposphere and lower stratosphere: An observational study of seasonal and interannual variations
Authors: Wu Yongfu , Yuan Wei , Xu Jiyao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn 11 year (1998‐2008) temperature and wind data set obtained over Annette Island (55.03°N, 131.57°W) is used to examine gravity wave activity and their seasonal and interannual variations in gravity wave activity. Vertical wave number spectra of normalized temperature and wind fluctuations are calculated and are compared with the predictions of gravity wave saturation models. Results indicate that there are serious discrepancies between our measurements and earlier observational results at present stage of study of vertical wave number spectra. The correlation coefficients between tropospheric and stratospheric temperature spectral parameters are very small, suggesting that the result is in agreement with previous studies. Time series of total wave energy reveal clear seasonal and interannual variations. Maximum wave energy amplitudes occur near winter of each year in the troposphere and near summer of each year in the stratosphere. Specifically, the maximum wave energy amplitudes in the troposphere show a close correspondence with the maximum occurrence rate of dynamical instability. In addition, the maximum wave energy amplitudes in the stratosphere also show a close correspondence with the maximum occurrence rate of convective instability.
An evaluation of the role of NKG2C+ natural killer cells in protection from cytomegalovirus DNAemia early following allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Muñoz‐Cobo Beatriz , Giménez Estela , Solano Carlos , de la Cámara Rafael , Nieto José , López Javier , Amat Paula , Garcia‐Noblejas Ana , Navarro David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe role of natural killer (NK) cells in affording protection against human cytomegalovirus (CMV) in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients is largely unknown. The current study was aimed at determining whether NKG2C+ NK cells confer protection from CMV DNAemia early following transplantation in patients lacking mono and polyfunctional CMV pp65 and IE‐1‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses, as measured by flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining. Fourteen out of the 36 patients included in this study developed CMV DNAemia between days +30 and +60 after transplant. Three patients did so after day +60. Peripheral blood levels of CD56brightCD16−/low and CD56dimCD16+ NKG2C+ NK cells measured at day +30 and at day +60 in patients who had or had not subsequent CMV DNAemia did not differ significantly. In addition, no significant correlation was found between CD56brightCD16−/low (σ = −0.229; P = 0.39) and CD56dimCD16+ (σ = −0.285; P = 0.28) NKG2C+ NK‐cell levels and initial plasma CMV DNA loads. In summary, the data presented do not support a direct implication of NKG2C+ NK cells in preventing the development of CMV DNAemia or modulating the magnitude of CMV replication at early stages during episodes of CMV DNAemia in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients with unreconstituted CMV‐specific T‐cell responses. J. Med. Virol. 86:806–811, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection and molecular characterization of diarrhea causing viruses in single and mixed infections in children: A comparative study between Bangladesh and Turkey
Authors: Mitui Marcelo Takahiro , Bozdayi Gulendam , Ahmed Selim , Matsumoto Takashi , Nishizono Akira , Ahmed Kamruddin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea differ among countries. The prevalence of different enteric viruses, their molecular characteristics, and infections with multiple viruses might affect the disease incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and molecular characteristics of enteric viruses in children with diarrhea in Turkey and Bangladesh. A total of 288 stool samples that were negative for group A rotavirus were collected from children aged <5 years with acute diarrhea who presented to hospitals in Turkey and Bangladesh. The samples were screened for human bocavirus (HBoV), astrovirus (HAstV), norovirus (NoV), and adenovirus (AdV). Phylogenetic analyses of the targeted virus genes were performed. In Turkey, viruses were detected in 87/150 samples (58%), which included 69 (79.3%) with single viruses and 18 (20.7%) with multiple viruses. AdV was the most common virus, followed by HBoV. In Bangladesh, viruses were detected in 123/138 samples (89.1%), which included 29 (23.6%) with single viruses and 94 (76.4%) with multiple viruses. NoV GII was the most common, followed by AdV. The dominant genotypes among the virus species were HBoV 2A, HAstV 1, NoV GI type 1, and AdV 40. For NoV GII, the Hunter variant of genotype 4 in Turkey and genotype 17 in Bangladesh were the most common among the sequenced strains. It was concluded that the distribution of the viruses associated with diarrhea in Turkish and Bangladeshi children was different. Enteric viruses and mixed infections were more prevalent in Bangladesh than in Turkey. J. Med. Virol. 86:1159–1168, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomaviruses in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Lithuania and Belarus
Authors: Zivile Gudleviciene , Janina Didziapetriene , Irina Mackeviciene , Saulius Cicenas , Raisa Smolyakova , Aliaksandr Zhukavetc 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOverall, head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 550,000 cases annually worldwide. It is well known that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for cervical cancer development. As the incidence and the mortality of cervical cancer are closely related to the HPV prevalence, we hypothesized that there is the same association between HPV prevalence and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore we performed the study aiming to compare the level of HPV infection and HPV type distribution between two groups of Lithuanian and Belarusian patients with head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma. One hundred ninety head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma patients were included in the study, 75 from Lithuania and 115 from Belarus. PCR was used for HPV detection and typing. The distribution of HPV infection among head and neck sqamous cell carcinoma patients was similar in the Lithuanian (20.0%) and Belarusian (18.3%) patient groups, however differences were found in the distribution of HPV types. J. Med. Virol. 86:531–535, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Laurus nobilis L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils from Morocco and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity acting alone or in combined processes for food preservation
Authors: Cherrat Lamia , Espina Laura , Bakkali Mohammed , García‐Gonzalo Diego , Pagán Rafael , Laglaoui Amin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study describes the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Laurus nobilis L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils (EOs). This is the first report of the synergistic antimicrobial effect of these EOs in combination with physical food preservation treatments.RESULTSEOs obtained by steam distillation from aerial parts of Laurus nobilis and Myrtus communis were analysed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main compounds were 1,8‐cineole and 2‐carene (L. nobilis EO); and myrtenyl acetate, 1,8‐cineole and α‐pinene (M. communis EO). L. nobilis EO showed higher antioxidant activity than M. communis EO in three complementary antioxidant tests. Although antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated the effectiveness of L. nobilis EO and the lack of bactericidal effect of M. communis EO, synergistic lethal effects were observed when combining each EO (0.2 µL mL−1) with mild heat (54°C for 10 min) or high hydrostatic pressure (175–400 MPa for 20 min). In contrast, combination of EOs with pulsed electric fields (30 kV cm−1 for 25 pulses) showed no additional effects.CONCLUSIONThis study shows the great potential of these EOs in combined treatments with mild heat and high hydrostatic pressure to obtain a higher inactivation of foodborne pathogens, which might help in the design of safe processes applied at low intensity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Salinity source‐induced changes in yield, mineral composition, phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in floating system
Authors: Borgognone Daniela , Cardarelli Mariateresa , Rea Elvira , Lucini Luigi , Colla Giuseppe 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeaves of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) are traditionally used as herbal medicine. Moderate salt stress could enhance antioxidant activity and phytochemicals in leaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chloride salts (NaCl, KCl and CaCl2) on biomass production, mineral composition, phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in a floating system.RESULTSIn both crops, NaCl and KCl treatments reduced biomass production, while similar values were recorded in CaCl2 and control treatments. In both crops, KCl treatment enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and target polyphenols in leaves harvested at 48, 82 and 105 days after sowing (DAS), while leaf quality was improved by NaCl and CaCl2 treatments only at 82 and 105 DAS. Irrespective of salinity, leaves of cardoon had higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and target polyphenols than those of artichoke.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that application of KCl can be considered an effective way to produce high‐quality leaves of artichoke and cardoon during the whole cropping cycle, although resulting in a 30% reduction in plant biomass. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Management specificities of congenital laryngeal stenosis
Authors: Blanchard Marion , Leboulanger Nicolas , Thierry Briac , Blancal Jean‐Philippe , Glynn Fergal , Denoyelle Françoise , Garabedian Erea Noël 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to report our experience in the management of congenital laryngeal stenosis and to compare our series and results to published data in the literature.Study DesignRetrospective case series. Tertiary referral center for rare pediatric head and neck malformations.MethodsMedical charts of patients diagnosed with congenital laryngeal stenosis in our institution were reviewed over a 15‐year period, from 1996 to 2011. Surgical treatment consisted of an endoscopic procedure, open laryngeal surgery (OLS), or a combination of both.ResultsSixteen patients met the inclusion criteria for the study and were divided in two groups: the endoscopic laryngoplasty (EL) group, with patients who underwent the endoscopic procedure as first‐line treatment, and the OLS group, whose patients underwent open laryngoplasty with cartilage graft as first‐line treatment. Each group contained eight patients with grade II to IV congenital stenosis. All patients, except one in the EL group, achieved a good result (<50% residual stenosis) at the end of the follow‐up.ConclusionsThis case series suggests that EL, with incision of the subglottic laryngeal cartilages with cold steel instruments and balloon dilation, is a safe and effective treatment for congenital laryngeal stenosis grade II to IV. This procedure could be considered as an alternative option to OLS, even as a first‐line procedure. An endoscopic procedure does not preclude the possibility for an open laryngeal procedure in case of failure. A prolonged follow‐up is mandatory.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1013–1018, 2014
Laryngeal electromyography as a diagnostic tool for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zarzur Ana P. , de Campos Duprat André , Cataldo Berenice O. , Ciampi Daniel , Fonoff Erich 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo study the laryngeal electromyography pattern in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and vocal complaints at different stages of the disease.Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.MethodsNinety‐four adults with PD and vocal complaints at different stages of the disease (according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale) underwent laryngeal electromyography.ResultsTremors were not detected on laryngeal electromyography of the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles even in patients with clinical tremor. Laryngeal electromyography hypercontractility during voice rest was the typical result observed in 91.5% of patients regardless of disease severity. Gender and age of subjects did not correlate with laryngeal electromyography results. Patients with PD presented spontaneous intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity during voice rest, regardless of disease severity.ConclusionsThis study was significant because it reported on the use of laryngeal electromyography in a large number of patients with PD and vocal complaints grouped according to PD severity. The patterns observed suggest that laryngeal electromyography is a valuable diagnostic tool for PD even at early phases of the disease.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:725–729, 2014
Block Copolymer Templated Assembly of Active Pd Nanocube Arrays
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Huang Haiying , He Tianbai 
Published: October 2013

Two‐dimensional (2D) palladium nanocube array is achieved on plasma‐etched block copolymer templates, while the well‐aligned nanocubes remain active. Anisotropic nanocubes are site‐selectively assembled on various nanopatterns by capillary force. The nanocube array is proved to be easily tunable, and the dimensional commensurability plays a key role in the configurations of the nanocube assemblies. Not only catalytic nanocube array under confinement but also template for the growth of nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods is exemplified as the potential application of the nanoarray.
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Molecular analysis of the UV‐inducible pili operon from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Authors: van Wolferen Marleen , Ajon Małgorzata , Driessen Arnold J. M. , Albers Sonja‐Verena 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUpon ultraviolet (UV) stress, hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus species show a highly induced transcription of a gene cluster responsible for pili biogenesis: the UV‐inducible pili operon (ups operon). This operon is involved in UV‐induced pili assembly, cellular aggregation, and subsequent DNA exchange between cells. As the system increases the fitness of Sulfolobus cells after UV light exposure, we assume that transfer of DNA takes place in order to repair UV‐induced DNA damages via homologous recombination. Here, we studied all genes present in the ups cluster via gene deletion analysis with a focus on UpsX, a protein that shows no identifiable functional domains. UspX does not seem to be structurally essential for UV‐induced pili formation and cellular aggregation, but appears to be important for efficient DNA transfer. In addition, we could show that pilin subunits UpsA and UpsB probably both function as major pilin subunits in the ups pili.
Epistatic interactions and drug response
Authors: Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe advent of massively parallel sequencing has allowed for an unprecedented genetic characterization of cancers, which has revealed not only the complexity of cancer genomes, but also the fact that tumours from the same anatomical site or even of the same histological and/or molecular subtype display distinct constellations of somatic genetic aberrations. Epistatic interactions (ie the interplay between genetic aberrations) are likely to play pivotal roles not only in terms of tumourigenesis and disease progression, but also in response to therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the challenges posed by the complexity of tumour genomes and epistatic interactions, and approaches for harnessing the wealth of genetic information on human cancers for the implementation of precision medicine. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing adherence in long‐term use of statins
Authors: Warren James R. , Falster Michael O. , Fox Danushka , Jorm Louisa 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the factors influencing adherence in long‐term medication use as exemplified by statins.MethodsData from an in‐depth survey of Australians aged 45 years and over were linked to national prescription reimbursement data to assess medication possession ratio (MPR) for statins for the middle two years of a four‐year period of statin possession. Poisson regression was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) for adherence (MPR ≥ 80%) for patient characteristics and factors related to access to and need for health care services. Separate models were fit for patients receiving healthcare concession subsidies and those who do not (‘general beneficiaries’).ResultsIn the analysis, 42 492 concessional and 16 110 general beneficiary patients were included, with 80.1% and 56.7% showing MPR ≥ 80%, respectively. In both models, RR for adherence was significantly elevated for older (age 65+) and less healthy (worse self‐rated health, pre‐existing heart condition or obese) individuals, and for those who had private health insurance. Significantly lower RR (i.e. more non‐adherence) was found for individuals reporting speaking a language other than English at home, who were smokers, were employed, and had higher levels of education, and for those who reported psychological distress. Income had no significant relationship with adherence, and the pattern of adherence by remoteness of area of residence was inconsistent.ConclusionsPoor adherence in long‐term use of statins is commonplace, but a number of key predictors—including age, language other than English spoken at home, smoking status and psychological distress—are readily assessable by the prescribing practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and electronic energy‐level regulation of imide‐fused poly(thienylene vinylene) derivatives
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Gao Chen , Wang Kai , Fan Xi , Wang Haiqiao , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Li Yongfang 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA series of novel poly(thienylene vinylene) derivatives (PTVs), P20‐P24, with imide substituents were designed and synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed Stille coupling polymerization, wherein the imide substituent density was decreased gradually, which allowed us to explicitly study the effect of electron‐deficient substituent on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the PTVs. All of the four polymers showed broad absorption bands with optical bandgaps between1.66 and 1.78 eV. By reducing density of electron‐deficient imide group, the LUMO energy levels of the polymers could be tuned gradually from −3.75 to −3.43 eV, with HOMO levels upshifted from −5.64 to −5.16 eV. Bulk heterojunction solar cells with the polymers as donor and PC71BM as acceptor demonstrated very different excitons dissociation behavior. With decreasing the imide‐fused unit density, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) values in the devices decreased from 0.78 to 0.62 V, whereas the short‐circuit currents (JSC) increased from 0 to 2.26 mA cm−2 and then decreased to 1.01 mA cm−2. By adjusting the electron‐withdrawing imide substituent density, power conversion efficiency of the PTVs‐based solar cells can be increased to four times, reached 0.86%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of the relationship between molecular energy level and photovoltaic properties of PTVs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4975–4982
Synthesis of thermally degradable epoxy adhesives
Authors: Luo Kai , Xie Tao , Rzayev Javid 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe have developed a new strategy for the synthesis of epoxide‐containing polymers where the pendant reactive groups are connected to the main backbone via thermally labile oxonorbornene groups. The polymers were synthesized by radical 1,4‐polymerization of the appropriate bicyclic diene monomer. The produced polymers can be crosslinked in the presence of a diamine and de‐crosslinked by thermal treatment at 160 °C, which induces retro‐Diels–Alder reaction and cleaves pendant groups from the polymer backbone, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. The potential for the utilization of this polymer as a thermally removable adhesive was demonstrated by a simple adhesion test. This method provides access to thermally cleavable epoxy networks that can be quickly and irreversibly disintegrated into nonvolatile components upon heating to a specified temperature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4992–4997
Evaluation of AMG 076, a potent and selective MCHR1 antagonist, in rodent and primate obesity models
Authors: Motani Alykhan S. , Luo Jian , Liang Lingming , Mihalic Jeffrey T. , Chen Xiaoqi , Tang Liang , Li Leping , Jaen Juan , Chen Jin‐Long , Dai Kang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMelanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) regulates food intake through activation of the receptor, MCHR1. We have identified AMG 076 as an orally bioavailable potent and selective small molecule antagonist of MCHR1. In mouse models of obesity, AMG 076 caused a reduction in body weight gain in wild‐type (MCHR1+/+) but not in knockout (MCHR1−/−) mice. The body weight reduction was associated with decreases in food intake and increases in energy expenditure. Importantly, we show that these MCHR1‐dependent effects of AMG 076 were also reflected in improved metabolic phenotypes, increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Preliminary data on effects of AMG 076 in obese cynomolgus monkeys are also presented.