bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XXIII.—Notice respecting the Depletion or Drying up of the Rivers Teviot, Nith, and Clyde, on the 27th November 1838
Authors: Milne David 
Published: January 2013

The Teviot, Clyde, and Nith, are well known to be among the largest rivers in the south of Scotland. In the lower parts of their course they are navigable; and all along their banks, nearly up to their sources, there are innumerable mills and manufactories, dependent on the continuous flow of their waters.On the morning of the 27th November 1838, the channels of these rivers were, in the upper and middle parts of their course, found almost entirely empty. The thousands of water wheels, many of which had for years, without interruption, been turned by their currents, suddenly stopped. Immense quantities of fish, inhabitants of their deep and rapid streams, were destroyed by being left dry, or being caught with the hand in deserted pools; and in places where it was usually difficult for even horses to ford, it was easy for children to walk across without wetting their feet.
XIV. Observations on the Structure of the Fruit in the Order of Cucurbitaceæ
Authors: Hamilton Francis 
Published: January 2013

The fruit in this natural order does not appear to have been well understood by most botanists; and I shall therefore attempt to give a general view of what appears to me to be its structure; and most of the parts are visible in the section which is here given (Plate IX. Fig. 1.) of the beautiful but insipid Indian Melon (Cucumis Melo) called Phuti.The outer parietes (Fig. 1. a,) when young, are thick, fleshy, and undivided by sutures, with an uniform rind, not separable from the fleshy part. As the fruit ripens, the rind in some cases becomes so thin as to be unable to contain the pulpy matter, and bursts either gradually, as in the melon, or with elasticity as in the Momordica and Elaterium of Tournefort. At other times, the rind hardens either into a thin substance like leather or strong paper, as in the Luffa, or into a strong ligneous covering, as in the Cucurbita leucanthema or gourd. In these cases, it sometimes opens horizontally, by means of an operculum, which falls off and leaves an aperture for the seeds, as in Fig. 2. representing the summit of the Luffa called Picinna in the Hortus Malabaricus.
XXIV. Remarks explanatory, and Tabular Results of a Meteorlogical Journal kept at Carlisle by the late Mr William Pitt during twenty-four years
Authors: Barnes Thomas 
Published: January 2013

The Royal Society of Edinburgh having taken great interest in meteorological observations, it has occurred to me, that the accompanying Meteorological Journals would be acceptable to the Society. I therefore transmit them, in the hope that they may be of some service, in promoting the laudable object of the Society, the science of meteorology.These journals include a period of twenty-four years, and were kept by the late Mr Pitt of Carlisle, who was long a careful and accurate observer of many atmospherical phenomena. Mr Pitt did not avail himself of the new instruments that are used in meteorology, but understood well the nature and application of those he employed. The thermometer, barometer, and rain-gauge, were the instruments he made use of, and they are probably more important than any other. For many years Mr Pitt had no particular occupation, and meteorology was his hobby. He devoted a great portion of his time to astronomical and meteorological observations, took great delight in keeping his journals, and was scrupulously accurate. From my personal knowledge of his diligence, of his habits of making correct observations, and the systematic fidelity with which he recorded them, I think I can with great safety vouch for the accuracy of the statements contained in his journals.
XIII. Analysis of Coprolites and other Organic Remains imbedded in the Limestone of Burdiehouse near Edinburgh
Authors: Connell Arthur 
Published: January 2013

It is not my intention to enter into any detailed description of the external characters of the several interesting organic remains which are found imbedded in the limestone of Burdiehouse, that being a task which belongs to their distinguished discoverer Dr Hibbert.As little do I mean to describe the geological relations of the limestone bed, that being equally the province of Dr Hibbert. It will be sufficient to state generally, that it forms one of the lowest members of the carboniferous group, being inferior in position even to the Encrinal mountain limestone of its immediate vicinity; and that besides its numerous animal remains, some of which will be mentioned in the sequel, it contains throughout its entire mass numerous impressions of land and fresh-water tropical plants.
XIV. On Water as a Constituent of Salts. 1. In the case of Sulphates
Authors: Graham Thomas 
Published: January 2013

It may be useful to distinguish some of the functions which water is already admitted to discharge in the constitution of hydrated salts.Every amphigene ammoniacal salt contains an atom of water, and cannot exist without it. The state of combination of the water is peculiar, and has been represented by supposing that the elements of ammonia unite with the hydrogen of the water, and form a new compound radicle, to which the name Ammonium is given, while the oxygen of the water unites with this radicle, and produces oxide of ammonium. Hence nitrate of ammonia, in which there exist the elements of one atom of nitric acid, of ammonia, and of water, is viewed as anhydrous nitrate of the oxide of ammonium, and corresponds with nitre or the nitrate of the oxide of potassium. But it is not the object of this paper to discuss particularly the state of water in the ammoniacal salts.
XXXV.—On the Theory of Rolling Curves
Authors: Maxwell James Clerk 
Published: January 2013

There is an important geometrical problem which proposes to find a curve having a given relation to a series of curves described according to a given law. This is the problem of Trajectories in its general form.The series of curves is obtained from the general equation to a curve by the variation of its parameters. In the general case, this variation may change the form of the curve, but, in the case which we are about to consider, the curve is changed only in position.This change of position takes place partly by rotation, and partly by transference through space. The rolling of one curve on another is an example of this compound motion.
XIV.—An Investigation of the Seiches of Loch Earn by the Scottish Lake Survey Part I.: Limnographic Instruments and Methods of Observation. Part II.: Preliminary Limnographic Observations on Loch Earn
Authors: Chrystal G. , Murray James 
Published: January 2013

In this communication some account is given of the various instruments used in the survey of the seiches of Loch Earn, of the methods of observing, and of the reduction of the results of observation.In Part II., which immediately follows, Mr James Murray gives an account of the preliminary survey, of which he had charge. Later, a summary will be submitted to the Society of the results as regards the periods and nodes of the lake; and finally, an account will be rendered of the observations made in order to connect the occurrence of seiches with other atmospheric phenomena.
I.—Studies on the Physiology of Reproduction in the Ewe. Part I. The Symptoms, Periodicity, and Duration of Œstrus. Part II. Changes in the Vagina and Cervix. Part III. Gross Changes in the Ovaries
Authors: Grant R. 
Published: January 2013

This and the two following papers constitute part of the report upon a detailed investigation of the normal reproductive cycle in the ewe. Although the reproductive processes of mammals have been studied intensively during the past decade, it is to the small “laboratory” mammals that most workers have devoted their attention: little is known regarding reproduction in Ungulates except in relation to the cow, which has been studied by Hammond (1927) and others.Certain aspects of reproduction in the ewe were studied by Marshall (1903) and Assheton (1906). During the last three years many minor papers on this subject have appeared but no comprehensive account is yet available, while, as will be shown in the following pages, many of the conclusions reached by previous workers were based upon examination of insufficient material.It is hoped that this investigation will form the basis for fuller experimental study of reproductive phenomena in the ewe, particularly as they concern breeding practice, and that it will, stimulating interest in the sex physiology of the Ungulates, assist in laying the foundations for a more thorough understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying reproduction in this group.
III.—The Spermatogenesis of the Axolotl (Amblystoma tigrinum)
Authors: Carrick Robert 
Published: January 2013

The material for this work was obtained from the stock of Axolotls which breed in the Zoology Department of Glasgow University. The objection to using captive specimens for cytological work is overridden by the fact that the Axolotl, unlike some other urodeles, breeds readily in captivity, so that the germ-cell cycle can be taken as normal.The reasons for wishing to add yet another account of urodele spermatogenesis to the considerable number already existing are twofold. First, widely different interpretations of a similar process in different species have been put forward, and one of the most recent accounts (Stieve, 1920, on Proteus) is entirely at variance with the usual course of spermatogenesis in urodeles. Second, there has been great discrepancy in the number of chromosomes assigned to this species.
XI.—The Early Stages in the Development of the Ferret: Fertilisation to the Formation of the Prochordal Plate
Authors: Hamilton William J. 
Published: January 2013

The early developmental history of the ferret up to the present has not been made the subject of a detailed critical description. The early stages of certain other Carnivora have been described, and Professor Hill (1924) in the introduction to his paper, “The Early Development of the Cat,” gives a summary of the literature of the subject.The only papers relating to the early development of the ferret are a short paper by Professor Robinson (1925) and four papers by Professor Mainland (1930, 1931a, 1931b, and 1932).
VIII.—Raised Shorelines Associated with the Perth Readvance in the Forth Valley and their Relation to Glacial Isostasy
Authors: Sissons J. B. , Smith D. E. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisDetailed mapping and accurate levelling of fluvioglacial and raised marine features in the Forth Valley between Stirling and Burntisland show that the most conspicuous late-glacial raised beaches of this area are associated with the Perth Readvance and possess a marked gradient down the Forth Valley. The relation of the raised beaches to fluvioglacial deposits is described and discussed and this leads to the conclusion that the Perth Readvance resulted in a renewed downwarping of the land, the response to glacial loading and unloading being immediate and rapid.
X.—A Gravity Survey in Ayrshire and its Geological Interpretation
Authors: McLean Adam C. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisBouguer anomaly maps covering most of Ayrshire at a density of about one station per sq. km., show a close relationship between anomalies and the distribution of the Upper Palæozoic rocks in the area south of the Inch-gotrick Fault, but are less clearly interpreted to the north, where thick dense igneous masses are present.In central and south Ayrshire the gravity field may be largely interpreted in terms of the known density-contrasts at the interfaces separating Upper and Lower Old Red Sandstone, and Lower Old Red Sandstone and Lower Palæozoic rocks. The major structure, the Mauchline Basin, is reflected clearly in the largest anomaly, and there is evidence of a culmination of its south-western limb near Kirkoswald. The important N.E.–S.W. faults also give rise to large anomalies, which may be connected with the known geology. It is inferred that they moved as normal faults in Carboniferous times, and that the adjacent synclines are essentially sags associated with the fault displacements. There is geophysical evidence that both the Southern Upland and Kerse Loch Faults existed in Middle O.R.S. (proto-Armorican) times. It is concluded that a hypothesis of N.–S. Armorican stress is not valid in south Ayrshire.In north Ayrshire, many of the anomalies are best explained by changes of thickness of the Millstone Grit lavas and of the Clyde Plateau lavas, and by the presence of thick dolerite intrusions. Additional evidence is needed, however, before final conclusions may be drawn.
XIV.—Some Lower Carboniferous Fructifications from Berwickshire, together with a Theoretical Account of the Evolution of Ovules, Cupules, and Carpels
Authors: Long Albert G. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisTwo new species of petrified seedsEosperma edromense, andAnasperma burnensegen. et sp. nov. are described from the Cementstone Group of Berwickshire.Anaspermashows that the anatropous condition existed among Palæozoic ovules; it has a single integument with two lateral apical lobes.Rachides ofStauropteris berwickensissp. nov. and associated megasporangia are also described.An account is given of the theory of the telomic origin of the first ovular integument. The second (outer) integument in Angiosperm ovules may therefore have evolved after the establishment of anatropy, either from the first integument or as an overgrowth of the chalaza. Evidence is cited to support the theory that Angiosperm carpels have evolved from dorsiventral bivalved cupules.
XV.—The Placoderm Fish Rhachiosteus pterygiatus Gross and its Relationships
Authors: Miles Roger S. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisThe holotype and only known specimen of Rhachiosteus pterygiatus Gross is partially redescribed and new restorations are given. Attention is drawn to important points in its osteology and the possible development of a cutaneous sensory system. A definition of the family Rhachiosteidsæ Stensiö is given. This family differs from all other described groups of euarthrodires in the lack of posterior lateral and posterior dorsolateral flank plates. Rhachiosteus is a pachyosteomorph brachythoracid, as defined in the text, and may be fairly closely related in some way to the (coccosteomorph) family Coccosteidsæ. There is no indication that it is closely related to any other known pachyosteomorph, or to other groups of arthrodires, such as the Rhenanida and Ptyctodontida, in which there are no posterior flank plates.
III. Notice of an undescribed Vitrified Fort, in the Burnt Isles, in the Kyles of Bute
Authors: Smith James 
Published: January 2013

In the month of September last (1822), when becalmed in my cutter in the Kyles of Bute, I accidently landed on the most northerly of the Burnt Isles, a small group that stretches across the Kyle or narrow channel between Bute and Argyleshire.From the appearance of a ridge nearly covered with turf, I imagined at first that kelp had been formerly burnt here, but on examining it more narrowly I discovered that it was caused by the remains of a vitrified fort.
VII. Astronomical Observations made at Paramatta and Sydney
Authors: Brisbane Thomas , Rumker M. 
Published: January 2013

My dear Sir,I request you will do me the favour of submitting to the Royal Society the accompanying observations made at Paramatta and Sydney. Those of the Comet, together with the elements inferred from them, are exclusively Mr Rumker's, to whom it is impossible for me to give adequate praise, either for zeal, assiduity, or intelligence. In order to have a better chance of observing the transit of Mercury over the Sun's disk, I proceeded to Sydney, about 15 miles from hence, and I am happy to say that we had a most propitious day throughout for the observations, and that the near agreement of them at both places tends to confirm their accuracy, as well as to increase their value.
IX. Remarks concerning the Natural-Historical Determination of Diallage
Authors: Haidinger W. 
Published: January 2013

The following paper contains the results of a series of inquiries, which lead to the conclusion, that the mineral called Smaragdite by Saussure, does not form a species of its own; but that this name has been given to a compound of certain varieties of two distinct species, Augite and Hornblende, the natural-historical species of paratomous and hemiprismatic Augite-spar.Owing in part to the slight degree of resemblance prevailing among its varieties, the authors who have described them differ so essentially in opinion, that I am obliged to go into various details, both respecting the external appearance of the mineral itself, and of the opinions of mineralogists, in order to afford a correct view of the natural-historical species, to which these varieties belong, since this is the basis upon which every system, and, indeed, all accurate information in natural history, is founded, and the fixed point to which the one and the other must be referred.
XVII. On an Anomalous Case of Vision with regard to Colours
Authors: Harvey George 
Published: January 2013

As the following anomalous case relating to the vision of colours, appears to possess some remarkable peculiarities, I have considered it of sufficient importance to be submitted to the Royal Society of Edinburgh.J. B., aged 60 years, served in early life an apprenticeship to a farmer; but, disliking agricultural pursuits, became a tailor, and afterwards entered into the Navy, and served in several general actions. After quitting the sea-service, he resumed his trade, and in the employment of which he now continues. From his childhood, it appears, he was unable to point out colours by their proper names; or, excepting in a few cases, to distinguish one colour from another. From the nature of his avocation, this circumstance must have often been to him the source of much inconvenience; and during his whole life, he has found the utmost embarrassment from it.
VIII.—On the Advantages to be derived from the Use of Metallic Reflectors for Sextants and other Reflecting Instruments; and on Methods of directly determining the Errors in Mirrors and Sun-Shades used in Reflecting Instruments
Authors: Adie John 
Published: January 2013

It has frequently occurred to me that the difficulty experienced by instrument-makers, in obtaining for sextants and other similar instruments, reflecting mirrors perfectly parallel in their polished surfaces, and also the greater difficulty of procuring glass perfectly homogeneous in its structure, might be overcome by the use of metallic reflectors.It is well known, that, from the want of perfect parallelism in glass mirrors there arises an error in the reading of such instruments, inasmuch as the emergent ray does not pass out of the glass at the same angle as the incident falls upon it, and that from the want of homogeneousness in the substance, and the unequal refractions caused by the veined structure of the glass.
V.—On the Fructification of some Ferns from the Carboniferous Formation
Authors: Kidston Robert 
Published: January 2013

In a Review of Dr Stur's Zur Morphologie und Systematik der Culmund Carbonfarne, I pointed out that he appears to have included two types of fern fructifications in his genus Calymmatotheca.The first type includes those forms originally placed in Calymmatotheca and consists of a number of exannulate sporangia arranged around a common point of attachment; the second type, which was first described in Zur. Morph., u. Syst. d. Culm- u. Carbonfarne, is there represented by C. Avoldensis and C. Frenzli. The fruit of these two species is apparently surrounded by an involucre or indusium, and it is only with this part of the fructification that we are at present acquainted. I also further indicated that in Calymmatotheca, as I proposed to restrict the genus, the fruiting portions of the frond are entirely deprived of foliage pinnules, whereas in the other type (C. Avoldensis and C. Frenzli) only a very slight modification takes place in the fertile portion of the fronds—the sporangia being borne on the ordinary foliage pinnules.
II.— On the supposed Upheaval of Scotland in its Central Parts since the time of the Roman Occupation
Authors: Home David Milne 
Published: January 2013

Sir Charles Lyell, in the 3d edition of his “ Antiquity of Man,” published in 1863, makes the following statement:—“Until lately, it was confidently assumed, that no alteration had. occurred in the relative levels of land and sea, in the central district of Scotland, since the construction of the Roman or Pictish wall (the wall of Antonine), which reached from the Firth of Forth to that of the Clyde.”
XIX.—Preliminary Note on the Compressibility of Glass
Authors: Buchanan J. Y. 
Published: January 2013

The following experiments were undertaken with a view to determine by actual observation the effect produced on solids by hydraulic pressure.The instrument was constructed according to my directions by Mr Milne of Milton House, about two years ago, but it is only now that I have been able to devote myself to its application to the purposes for which it was designed. It consists of a hydraulic pump, which communicates with a steel receiver capable of holding instruments of considerable size, and also with a second receiver of peculiar form. This receiver consists essentially of a steel tube, terminated at each end by thick glass tubes fitted tightly. It is tapped at the centre with two holes, the one to establish connection with the pump, and the other to admit a pressure gauge or manometer. The steel tube may be of any length, being limited only by the extent of laboratory accommodation at disposal. The tube which I am using at present has a length of a little over six feet, and an internal diameter of about three-tenths of an inch. The solid to be experimented on must be in the form of a rod or wire, and must, at the ends at least, be sufficiently small to be able to enter the terminal glass tubes, which have a bore of 0·08″ and an external diameter of 0·42″. The length of the solid is such that when it rests in the steel tube its ends are visible in the glass terminations.
V.—On the Heat Developed in the Combination of Acids and Bases. Second Memoir.
Authors: Andrews Thomas 
Published: January 2013

In a paper communicated to the Royal Irish Academy in 1841, I gave an account of a large number of experiments on the heat disengaged when acids and bases, taken in the state of dilute solution, enter into combination, and when bases, insoluble in water, are dissolved in dilute acids. The following general conclusions or laws were deduced from those experiments:—Law 1.—The heat developed in the union of acids and bases is determined by the base and not by the acid, the same base producing, when combined with an equivalent of different acids, nearly the same quantity of heat; but different bases, different quantities.Law 2.—When a neutral is converted into an acid salt, by combining with one or more atoms of acid, no change of temperature occurs.Law 3.—When a neutral is converted into a basic salt, by combining with an additional proportion of base, the combination is accompanied with the evolution of heat.
XI. An Account of Observations, made by Lord Webb Seymour and Professor Playfair, upon some Geological Appearances in Glen Tilt, and the adjacent Country
Authors: Seymour Webb 
Published: January 2013

1. The river Tilt is a principal branch of the Tay, which rises on the borders of Aberdeenshire, and runs towards the south-west, through the north-eastern part of the county of Perth. A portion of the valley along its course, for about ten miles above Blair of Atholl, is called Glen Tilt.The adjacent country presents the common character of the Highlands. It is mountainous and rugged, and the surface, except in the lower parts of the valleys, is chiefly covered with heath. Peat-moss frequently occurs.