bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rice Resistance Protein Pair RGA4/RGA5 Recognizes the Magnaporthe oryzae Effectors AVR-Pia and AVR1-CO39 by Direct Binding
Authors: Cesari Stella , Thilliez Gaëtan , Ribot Cécile , Chalvon Véronique , Michel Corinne , Jauneau Alain , Rivas Susana , Alaux Ludovic , Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Okuyama Yudai , Morel Jean-Benoit , Fournier Elisabeth , Tharreau Didier , Terauchi Ryohei , Kroj Thomas 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Resistance (R) proteins recognize pathogen avirulence (Avr) proteins by direct or indirect binding and are multidomain proteins generally carrying a nucleotide binding (NB) and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. Two NB-LRR protein-coding genes from rice (Oryza sativa), RGA4 and RGA5, were found to be required for the recognition of the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AVR1-CO39. RGA4 and RGA5 also mediate recognition of the unrelated M. oryzae effector AVR-Pia, indicating that the corresponding R proteins possess dual recognition specificity. For RGA5, two alternative transcripts, RGA5-A and RGA5-B, were identified. Genetic analysis showed that only RGA5-A confers resistance, while RGA5-B is inactive. Yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer–fluorescence lifetime imaging experiments revealed direct binding of AVR-Pia and AVR1-CO39 to RGA5-A, providing evidence for the recognition of multiple Avr proteins by direct binding to a single R protein. Direct binding seems to be required for resistance as an inactive AVR-Pia allele did not bind RGA5-A. A small Avr interaction domain with homology to the Avr recognition domain in the rice R protein Pik-1 was identified in the C terminus of RGA5-A. This reveals a mode of Avr protein recognition through direct binding to a novel, non-LRR interaction domain.
Broadband ultraviolet A vs. psoralen ultraviolet A in the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: El Mofty M. , Bosseila M. , Mashaly H. M. , Gawdat H. , Makaly H. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Background
Psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) and narrowband (NB)-UVB have been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of vitiligo. With large and repeated doses, UVA may lead to immediate skin darkening and to delayed tanning. Our previous experience with broadband (BB)-UVA in vitiligo showed encouraging results.
Aim
To test the efficacy of BB-UVA in vitiligo and to evaluate if it could provide an alternative treatment for this condition.
Methods
This prospective, randomized, controlled, comparative clinical trial enrolled 45 patients with vitiligo, who were randomly divided into three groups, with group A receiving UVA 15 J/cm2/session, group B receiving UVA 10 J/cm2/session, and group C receiving PUVA. The patients received three sessions/week for 5 months, with 60 sessions in total.
Results
At the mid-point of treatment, clinical response was significantly higher in patients receiving PUVA than in the other two groups At the end of the study, clinical response was comparable for groups A and C (UVA 15 J/cm2 and PUVA, respectively), and both were significantly higher than the group receiving UVA 10 J/cm2. Patients in the PUVA group responded mainly with perifollicular pigmentation, whereas those receiving UVA responded mainly with lesional tanning.
Conclusions
BB-UVA at a dose of 15 J/cm2/session gives results for vitiligo that are comparable to PUVA, suggesting it might be useful when oral psoralens are contraindicated.
Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with nephrotic syndrome: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Tateyama Maki , Nakashima Ichiro , Suzuki Naoki , Kanaoka‐Suzuki Chihiro , Takano Rina , Sato Hiroshi , Kusunoki Susumu , Fujihara Kazuo , Itoyama Yasuto , Aoki Masashi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn association between the acute or chronic form of inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (IDP) and nephrotic syndrome has occasionally been reported. However, the clinical pictures in IDP of these cases have attracted little attention to date. In the present report, we describe a 50‐year‐old man with IDP who developed quadriplegia with respiratory impairment followed by a remitting and relapsing course for several months with complete recovery, in which nephrotic syndrome appeared at the nadir and subsided in parallel with the neurological improvement. We also searched for the English‐language literature from 1946 to 2012 April and found 32 cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with nephrotic syndrome. We analyzed the 33 cases including the present case, and found such features as: (i) male preponderance (84.8%); (ii) motor dominant impairments with favorable final outcomes; and (iii) proteinuria occurring simultaneously with neurological symptoms and ameliorating along with neurological improvement in the majority of the cases. Available data of nerve conduction studies consistently showed demyelinating neuropathy. These findings suggest that IDP with nephrotic syndrome might be a distinctive clinical entity possibly caused by immune reactions to antigen(s) shared by peripheral nerves and the glomerulus. As nephrotic syndrome is asymptomatic or transient in some cases, IDP with nephrotic syndrome might be more prevalent than we think.
The effects of elastic band resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on strength, total bone‐free lean body mass and muscle thickness in postmenopausal women
Authors: Thiebaud Robert S. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Fahs Christopher A. , Rossow Lindy M. , Kim Daeyeol , Abe Takashi , Anderson Mark A. , Young Kaelin C. , Bemben Debra A. , Bemben Michael G. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryIntroductionElastic band (EB) training is a common form of resistance training used by the elderly, individuals with joint problems or those recovering from injury. EB training performed at low intensities by these populations may have little effect on muscle hypertrophy. However, when combined with blood flow restriction (BFR), low‐intensity EB resistance training may result in muscle hypertrophy.MethodsPostmenopausal women (61 ± 5 years) were assigned to a moderate‐to‐high‐intensity EB group (MH, n = 8) or a low‐intensity EB group combined with BFR (LI‐BFR, n = 6). Each group performed seated chest press, seated row and seated shoulder press with EB three times a week for eight weeks. EB colours progressed in each group by having participants maintain a rating of 7–9 on the OMNI Resistance for active muscle (OMNI‐RES AM) scale (0–10) throughout training. In the LI‐BFR group, BFR pressure progressed during the first 4 weeks of training (80–120 mmHg), after which EB colours were progressed.Results1‐repetition maximum increased for chest press (P = 0·01), shoulder press (P = 0·02) and seated row (P = 0·01), but no differences were found between groups. Only pectoralis major muscle thickness in the upper body increased (P = 0·04). A trend was found for an increase in total bone‐free lean body mass (P = 0·055).ConclusionsThe main findings of this study were that moderate‐to‐high‐intensity EB training and low‐intensity EB training with BFR resulted in similar increases in strength, total bone‐free lean body mass and muscle thickness.
Pedagogies of Hauntology in History Education: Learning to Live with the Ghosts of Disappeared Victims of War and Dictatorship
Authors: Zembylas Michalinos 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMichalinos Zembylas examines how history education can be reconceived in terms of Jacques Derrida's notion of “hauntology,” that is, as an ongoing conversation with the “ghost” — in the case of this essay, the ghosts of disappeared victims of war and dictatorship. Here, Zembylas uses hauntology as both metaphor and pedagogical methodology for deconstructing the orthodoxies of academic history thinking and learning about “the disappeared.” As metaphor, hauntology evokes the figure of the ghost in order both to trouble the hegemonic status of representational modes of knowledge in remembrance practices and to undermine their ontological frames and ideological histories. As pedagogical methodology, hauntology reframes histories of loss and absence and uses them as points of departure to acknowledge the complexities and contradictions that emerge from haunting. Pedagogies of hauntology are constituted as responses to “spectacle pedagogy” in teaching about the disappeared, that is, a ubiquitous form of representation that manifests the ghosts in a sensationalized and ideological manner.
One System or Four? Cross‐Border Applications and Entries to Full‐Time Undergraduate Courses in the UK Since Devolution
Authors: Raffe David , Croxford Linda 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper uses Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) data on applications and entries to full‐time undergraduate courses to examine the changing flows of students across the boundaries of the four countries of the United Kingdom (UK), over a period (1996–2010) that embraces parliamentary devolution. It asks whether the emergence of more distinct administrative systems of higher education, following devolution, is reflected in more distinct social systems as reflected in reduced cross‐border flows of students. It reveals a declining tendency for UK applicants to apply to, and enter, higher education in another UK country. This trend is partly attributable to devolution and to consequent changes such as differential fees. However the detailed patterns vary widely across the countries of the UK, across categories of student and across types of institution and programme.
Why do English Universities really Franchise Degrees to Overseas Providers?
Authors: Healey Nigel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFranchising degrees to overseas providers, normally for‐profit private companies, has become big business for English universities. The latest data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency reveal that there are now more international students registered for the awards of English higher education institutions that are studying wholly offshore than are on campus. There is an extensive economic literature exploring the role of franchising (or licensing) in the internationalisation of multinational companies. There are, however, few studies that have attempted to understand the reasons why so many English universities have moved beyond exporting (educating foreign students on campus) to franchising their degrees to overseas partners. This study uses an exploratory research methodology to get ‘inside the black box’. It investigates the motivations of decision‐makers entering and maintaining franchising operations at four English universities, revealing that financial considerations are less dominant than widely believed within the sector and are overshadowed by other, non‐commercial considerations.
Changes in sensory quality and aroma volatile composition during prolonged storage of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate fruit
Authors: Mayuoni‐Kirshinbaum Lina , Daus Avinoam , Porat Ron 
Published: April 2013

SummaryFlavour acceptance tests of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate arils during prolonged storage under commercial modified atmospheres conditions yielded high preference scores during the first 12 weeks of cold storage at 7 °C, but sensory quality decreased remarkably after 16 and, especially, 20 weeks. Descriptive flavour analyses by a trained sensory panel revealed that the decrease in fruit flavour preference resulted mainly from a decrease in typical pomegranate flavour and increases in ‘overripe’ and ‘off‐flavour’ odours. GC‐MS analysis of aroma volatile contents revealed high correlations (r2 > 0.9) between accumulation of the ethanol fermentation products ethanol and ethyl acetate and the observed decrease in fruit flavour preference. In addition, we observed relatively high correlations (r2 > 0.7) between the accumulation of various sesquiterpene volatiles and the decrease in flavour preference. According to these findings, it is suggested that the decrease in flavour preference most likely resulted from massive accumulation of ethanol fermentation products and sesquiterpene volatiles.
Physical properties of tempered mixtures of cocoa butter, CBR and CBS fats
Authors: Quast Leda B. , Luccas Valdecir , Ribeiro Ana Paula B. , Cardoso Lisandro P. , Kieckbusch Theo G. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPhysical characteristics of precrystallised binary mixtures of cocoa butter (CB) and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% (w/w) cocoa butter replacer (CBR) or cocoa butter substitute (CBS) were determined. The lipid composition was obtained by chromatography and the solid fat content (SFC) by nuclear magnetic resonance. Tempering was carried out using a lab‐scale agitated jacket vessel reactor. Bars made with tempered samples were submitted to X‐ray diffraction and rupture tests. Snap values of crystallised mixtures decrease with an increase in the amount of alternative fat. X‐ray diffraction patterns confirmed the predominant formation of the beta polymorph habit for CB and beta prime form for CBR and CBS. Mixtures of CB and CBR exhibit chemical compatibility. The knowledge of the snap values and of the variation of SFC with temperature proved to suffice to adequately anticipate the influence of the addition of alternative fats on chocolates physical attributes.
The effect of osmosis pretreatment on hot‐air drying and microwave drying characteristics of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) flesh
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Zhao Cuiping , Tao Hongyan , An Kejing , Ding Shenghua , Wang Zhengfu 
Published: April 2013

SummaryChili flesh pretreated with or without osmotic dehydration (OD) was dried in the hot‐air drying (AD) oven at 50–80 °C or in the microwave drying (MD) oven at 60–180 W. Results showed that the samples osmotically treated in mixed solution (10% salt + 50% sucrose) had the best dehydration effect as compared with single salt or sugar solutions. During the drying process, osmotically treated samples had one falling‐rate period and their effective moisture diffusivities (Deff) showed a rapidly linear increase with the decrease in moisture content, while directly drying samples showed a three‐phase falling‐rate period and their Deff increased gradually at the initial period and then rapidly at the final period. When the moisture content decreased, the activation energy increased gradually; however, for AD after OD, it decreased. Among all the processes, MD at 60 W after OD presented the largest vitamin C retention rate and the best colour difference, needing less drying time.
Cellular origin and diagnostic significance of high‐fluorescent cells in cerebrospinal fluid detected by the XE‐5000 hematology analyzer
Authors: Zimmermann M. , Otto C. , Gonzalez J.‐B. , Prokop S. , Ruprecht K. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe Sysmex XE‐5000 is a blood and body fluid analyzer able to differentiate cells into polymorphonuclear, mononuclear, and high‐fluorescent cells (HFC). The identity of HFC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been uncertain; however, compatible with their high nucleic acid content, HFC could represent intrathecal tumor cells. Here, we studied the cellular origin and the diagnostic significance of HFC in CSF.MethodsResults of CSF examinations with the XE‐5000 were analyzed in 65 CSF samples with and 126 CSF samples without tumor cells, as defined by manual microscopy of CSF cytospin preparations.ResultsThe XE‐5000 detected HFC in 51 of 65 tumor cell–positive and in 33 of 126 tumor cell–negative CSF samples (sensitivity: 78.5%, specificity: 73.8%, positive likelihood ratio: 3.0, negative likelihood ratio: 0.29). The percentages of HFC and tumor cells in CSF samples correlated (r² = 0.41, P < 0.0001). Tumor cells escaped detection by the XE‐5000 especially in CSF samples with a low percentage of tumor cells.ConclusionWhile this study identifies tumor cells as the predominant correlate of HFC in CSF, it suggests that measuring HFC is not an appropriate diagnostic test for intrathecal tumor cells. However, if HFC are incidentally detected in CSF, further evaluation by CSF microscopy seems mandatory.
Control of alternative splicing in immune responses: many regulators, many predictions, much still to learn
Authors: Martinez Nicole M. , Lynch Kristen W. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMost mammalian pre‐mRNAs are alternatively spliced in a manner that alters the resulting open reading frame. Consequently, alternative pre‐mRNA splicing provides an important RNA‐based layer of protein regulation and cellular function. The ubiquitous nature of alternative splicing coupled with the advent of technologies that allow global interrogation of the transcriptome have led to an increasing awareness of the possibility that widespread changes in splicing patterns contribute to lymphocyte function during an immune response. Indeed, a few notable examples of alternative splicing have clearly been demonstrated to regulate T‐cell responses to antigen. Moreover, several proteins key to the regulation of splicing in T cells have recently been identified. However, much remains to be done to truly identify the spectrum of genes that are regulated at the level of splicing in immune cells and to determine how many of these are controlled by currently known factors and pathways versus unknown mechanisms. Here, we describe the proteins, pathways, and mechanisms that have been shown to regulate alternative splicing in human T cells and discuss what is and is not known about the genes regulated by such factors. Finally, we highlight unifying themes with regards to the mechanisms and consequences of alternative splicing in the adaptive immune system and give our view of important directions for future studies.
Molecular control of Tfh‐cell differentiation by Roquin family proteins
Authors: Heissmeyer Vigo , Vogel Katharina U. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPost‐transcriptional gene regulation by RNA‐binding proteins is a fast and effective way to adapt gene expression and change cellular responses. These trans‐acting factors have been involved in a number of cell fate decisions, and their mutation is often associated with the development of disease. The RNA‐binding protein Roquin‐1 has been found to be crucial in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune disease. This review describes the molecular role of Roquin family proteins in the control of follicular T‐helper cell differentiation. Here, we discuss the redundant regulation of Icos and Ox40 costimulatory receptor mRNAs by Roquin‐1 and Roquin‐2 proteins. A major focus is placed on the distinct activity of Roquin‐1 or Roquin‐2 proteins in the mouse models of conditional gene targeting. These recent data are then integrated into an interpretation of altered Roquin protein function in the sanroque mouse that expresses the Roquin‐1 protein with just one amino acid substitution and, different from the Roquin‐1–deficient mouse, develops lupus‐like autoimmune disease.
miR‐155: an ancient regulator of the immune system
Authors: Vigorito Elena , Kohlhaas Susan , Lu Dong , Leyland Rebecca 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly recognized class of regulatory genes which repress the expression of protein‐coding genes. Numerous studies have uncovered a complex role for miRNAs regulating many aspects of a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, and lineage commitment. In the immune system, miR‐155 is unique in its ability to shape the transcriptome of activated myeloid and lymphoid cells controlling diverse biological functions ranging from inflammation to immunological memory. Not surprisingly, a tight control of miR‐155 expression is required to avoid malignant transformation, as evidenced by miR‐155 overexpression in many cancers of B‐cell origin. In this review, we discuss the potential of miR‐155 as a molecular target for therapeutic intervention and discuss the function of miR‐155 in the context of protective immunity. We first look back into the emergence of miR‐155 in evolution, which is coincidental with the emergence of the ancestors of the antigen receptors. We then summarize what we have learned about the role of miR‐155 in the regulation of lymphoid subsets at the cellular and molecular level in the context of recent progress in this field.
The pursuit of self‐interest and rule breaking in an anonymous situation
Authors: Nogami Tatsuya , Yoshida Fujio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe present study examined whether psychological self‐interest would instigate rule breaking in an anonymous situation. In total, 66 individuals were observed whether they would pursue material or psychological self‐interest by breaking existing rules under the cloak of anonymity. Anonymity was defined to minimize accountability for one's behavior, and was strictly manipulated to make all participants equally anonymous during the experiment. Results showed that only participants in the material‐reward condition broke the rules, whereas those in the psychological‐reward condition did not. Also, there was no difference found between the two conditions in subjective feelings of anonymity and public self‐awareness although rule breaking was observed only in the material‐reward condition. Implications for socially undesirable behavior in anonymous situations are discussed.
Predictors of the intent to adopt preventive innovations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Overstreet Robert E. , Cegielski Casey , Hall Dianne 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBecause the literature suggests significant differences in the adoption rate of traditional innovations and those innovations classified as preventive, we examine the effectiveness of the constructs of the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory in predicting the adoption of preventive innovations. The current study synthesized 89 correlations from 63 studies (n = 31,158). The corrected mean correlation estimates were .51 for attitude, .52 for subjective norms, and .43 for planned behavioral control. The corrected mean correlation estimate for self‐efficacy was .47. By understanding the predictor variables of the intent to adopt a preventive innovation, proponents of specific preventive innovations may be better equipped to select strategies that could accelerate the diffusion process.
An investigation of the unique, synergistic and balanced relationships between basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation
Authors: Dysvik Anders , Kuvaas Bård , Gagné Marylène 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the relationship between psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation as proposed by self‐determination theory. Three competing hypotheses regarding the relations between need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation were tested: additive, synergistic, and balance. Two cross‐sectional studies involving 1,254 employees from a broad range of Norwegian service organizations partly supported the first two hypotheses. Although the relationship between satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and relatedness with intrinsic motivation were significant, the one with satisfaction of the need for competence was not. Instead, competence was only related to intrinsic motivation when autonomy was high. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.