bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Particulate Matter and Risk of Anorexia Nervosa: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Tsitsi Didintle , Marouli Eirini 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Exposure to particulate matter is linked to mental health outcomes through observational and Mendelian randomization studies. In this study, the causal association between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and particulate matter 10 (PM10) exposure and anorexia nervosa (AN) was explored.
Methods
Two-Sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using genetic instrumental variables for PM2.5 and PM10 as exposures to test for a potential causal association with AN using the inverse variance weighted method (IVW), with additional methods including the weighted median and MR-Egger. Association data for PM2.5 included 455 314 participants and 423,796 participants for PM10. Summary data for AN derived from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) meta-analysis genome-wide association study comprising 16 992 cases and 55 525 controls. Sensitivity analyses for pleiotropy and heterogeneity were conducted using MR-Egger intercepts, Cochrane’s Q, MR- Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression.
Results
Genetically predicted increase in PM10 (one standard deviation) exposure was associated with an increased risk of anorexia nervosa at Bonferroni significance (p = 0.003, OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.38–4.54) using the IVW method. Sensitivity analysis detected no pleiotropy or heterogeneity. There was no suggestion of a causal role for PM2.5 and AN (p = 0.57).
Conclusion
We provide for the first-time evidence for a potential role of genetically predicted exposure to PM10 in the development of AN, with no evidence of a causal effect of PM2.5 on AN. More robust epidemiological and biological studies are needed to understand the mechanism of this effect and neurobiological basis for disease.
Study on the Coupled and Coordinated Development of the Tourism Economy and Ecological Environment in Chengdu City
Authors: ZHAO JING , IrwanaOmar Shida 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

With the vigorous development of the urban tourism economy, the coupling and coordinated development of the tourism economy and the ecological environment in Chengdu has become the focus of attention. The purpose of this study is to explore the coupling and coordinated development of the tourism economy and the ecological environment in Chengdu and to provide theoretical guidance and policy suggestions for promoting benign interactions between the two. Based on the theories of ecological economics, coupling coordination and sustainable development and the actual situation of Chengdu, an evaluation index system of the coupling and coordination development of the tourism economy and the ecological environment is established. The entropy method was used to measure the development level of the tourism economy and the ecological environment in Chengdu from 2013 to 2022, and the coupled coordination model was used to analyze the overall coupled coordination situation of Chengdu. The results revealed that the comprehensive benefit indices of the tourism economy and ecological environment in Chengdu over the past ten years exhibited a continuous trend of improvement, with obvious stages, which were specifically divided into a rising period, fluctuating period and stable period. The coupling degree and coordinated development level of the tourism economy and the ecological environment in Chengdu show specific changes and characteristics, reflecting the mutual influence and correlation between the tourism economy and the ecological environment. Among them, some indicators, such as tourism added value, have a positive impact on the ecological environment, while some indicators of the ecological environment have a negative impact on coupled and coordinated development, providing an important reference for relevant decision-making.
Three-doses antifungal treatment improve the efficacy for severe vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Xiao Zhansong , Liang Yiheng , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhu Yuxia , Huang Liting , Fan Shangrong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent gynecological infection characterized by high incidence and recurrent episodes, causing significant distress in women. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of different clotrimazole and fluconazole treatment regimens for severe vulvovaginal candidiasis (SVVC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,303 cases of SVVC among first-time visitors to the gynecology outpatient department at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between January 2013 and December 2022. Vaginal secretions were systematically collected for fungal culture, with species identification conducted using Chromogenic culture medium and API Candida test reagents. Mycological cure rates were assessed at days 7–14, days 25–35, and day 35 to 6 months after treatment. The three-dose clotrimazole regimen demonstrated significantly higher mycological cure rates (85.7%, 80.0% and 74.6% at three follow-up periods, respectively) compared to the two-dose clotrimazole regimen (76.0%, 61.6%, and 59.8%,all P < 0.05). The three-dose fluconazole regimen showed no significant difference to three-dose clotrimazole regimen, with cure rates of 82.8%, 79.3%, and 75.9% (all P>0.05). The two-dose fluconazole regimen had cure rates of 74.3%, 56.4% and 51.1%, with no significant difference from two-dose clotrimazole regimen at days 7–14 and 25–35, but lower than three-dose fluconazole regimen at days 25–35 and 35 to 6 months. The three-dose clotrimazole regimen demonstrated higher cure rates in Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida SVVC cases than two-dose regimen. These findings suggest that three-dose antifungal regimens may be more efficacious than two-dose regimens for SVVC. The three-dose clotrimazole regimen could serve as a promising alternative for SVVC management.
Association between ambient temperatrue and insomnia using national emergency department database in the capital city of South Korea
Authors: Kang Sunwoo , Jeong Subin , Kim Gyeongchan , Myung Woojae , Lee Hyewon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Insomnia is a growing health concern globally, which can obstruct daytime functionality, reduce overall quality of life, and result in various diseases including depression, anxiety disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing literature have focused on the potential role of ambient temperature in sleep problems, but the association remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore a short-term association of ambient temperature with emergency department (ED) visits for insomnia in the capital city of South Korea. Using the National Emergency Department Information System database from 2008 to 2017, 7,855 patients who visited ED for insomnia (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision code F51.0 and G47.0) were identified. A time-stratified case-crossover design was employed using a conditional logistic regression model. A distributed lag non-linear model was utilized to explore potential non-linear and lag effects of ambient temperature on ED visits for insomnia. Odds ratio (OR) for temperature with maximum ED visits for insomnia (MaxIT) and that for temperature with minimum ED visits for insomnia (MinIT) were calculated and compared. A significant association was found between ambient temperature and ED visits for insomnia. Total insomnia increased significantly at a high temperature (MaxIT: 29.3℃, OR: 2.09 [95% CIs: 1.43–3.04]) compared to that at a MinIT (-8.9℃). Furthermore, the association between high temperature and insomnia was found to be stronger in females, 35–49 age group, and patients without comorbidities. The risk of insomnia is significantly increased in high ambient temperature. Our findings provide insights for proactive public health strategies for managing insomnia during global temperature rise.
Multivariate comparative analysis of preterm infants between assisted reproductive technology conception and natural conception
Authors: Pan Guixian , Yu Jianhua , Xu Xiaoyan , Fu Mengran , Zhang Xiaoqian , Wang Liwei , Liu Qingyu , Li Chuanfeng , Hao Hu , Mi Hongying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
With the improvement of assisted reproductive technology（ART）, the prognosis of premature infants conceived by ART has attracted much attention.
Methods
A retrospective clinical analysis was performed on 458 preterm infants (258 infants via ART, 200 infants via natural conception(NC))born at Yunnan First People's Hospital between January 2017 and December 2021. Pertinent patient,clinical data were compared between two groups.
Results
The rates of multiple births, caesarean sections, and older mothers in the ART group were higher than that of the NC group ( P＜0. 05). In the comparison of premature complications, the incidence of low-birth-weight infants and congenital heart disease were statistically significant between two groups( P＜0. 05). Multivariate analysis showed that premature rupture of membranes, and intrauterine growth restriction were the main risk factors for small-for-gestational-age(SGA). The head circumference, weight, and length of the ART group were lower than those of the NC group at 1, 3, and 6 months of gestation( P<0. 05).
Conclusion
ART doesn't lead to unfavourable birth outcomes. Premature membrane rupture and intrauterine growth restriction were independent risk factors for SGA. The growth and development of the NC group may be better than that of the ART group.
Innovative Selected Area Doping and Stable Contact for 2D WSe2 Electronics Using Patterned Nafion
Authors: Im Seongil , Oh Sewoong , Park Jeehong , Cho Hyunmin , Lee June Hyuk , Bae Heesun , Lee Gyu , Yang Min Kyu , Jariwala Deep , Yi Yeonjin , Park Ji Hoon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Selective area doping and contact resistance (RC) lowering in two dimensional (2D) semiconductors have been persistent issues for 2D semiconductor based electronics. Such doping in 2D seems almost impossible unlike in 3D semiconductors, which use ion implantation. Furthermore, maintaining a low and stable RC in 2D seems very difficult. Here, we report a strategy for area selective doping of 2D materials: electron-beam patterning of sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer (Nafion) underlayer with a large work function. Patterned-underlayer selectively increases the hole density of p-type WSe2, whose sheet resistance becomes compatible for integrated circuit. Top-gated WSe2 field-effect transistor channel, as modulated with Nafion area, demonstrates 7 times higher mobility than without Nafion. As patterned for contact area, Nafion directly lowers RC to ~ 6 kΩ-µm, which is maintained for 2 months in air ambient and survives N2 anneal of 200 o C. Our Nafion approach for selective 2D doping and stable RC seems advanced and practically useful.
Quantitative Natural Language Processing Markers of Psychoactive Drug Effects: A Pre-Registered Systematic Review
Authors: Ahuja Sachin , Zaher Farida , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Psychoactive substances used for recreational purposes have mind-altering effects, but systematic evaluation of these effects is largely limited to self-reports. Automated analysis of expressed language (speech and written text) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools can provide objective readouts of mental states. In this pre-registered systematic review, we investigate findings from the emerging field of computational linguistics in substance use with specific focus on identifying short-term effects of psychoactive drugs. From the literature identified to date, we note that all the studied drugs – stimulants, MDMA, cannabis, ketamine, and psychedelics – affect language production. Based on two or more studies per substance, we note some emerging patterns: stimulants increase verbosity; LSD reduces the lexicon; MDMA increases semantic proximity to emotional words; psilocybin increases positive sentiment; and cannabis affects speech stream acoustics. Ketamine and other drugs are understudied regarding NLP features (one or no studies). One study provided externally validated support for NLP and machine learning-based identification of MDMA intoxication. We could not undertake a meta-analysis due to the high degree of heterogeneity among outcome measures and the lack of sufficient number of studies. We identify a need for harmonised speech tasks to improve replicability and comparability, standardisation of methods for curating and analysing speech and text data, theory-driven inquiries, and the need for developing a shared Substance Use Language Corpus for data mining. The growing field of computational linguistics can be leveraged in the service of human behavioural pharmacology to study psychoactive substances through concerted efforts to achieve consistency in research methods.
Study on the Immune Status and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Authors: Chen Huihui , Wang Yali , Xia Shuang , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Immunotherapy has emerged as a new hope for patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease. By detecting lymphocyte subsets, we can understand the immune status of patients and analyze its impact on treatment, thus further enhancing the treatment effectiveness for NTM patients.
Methods Based on the results of NTM Roche solid culture and species identification, patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease were selected. The numbers of various peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were detected, and the immune status of patients with different types of infections was analyzed.Additionally, based on the patients' treatment outcomes, they were divided into two groups: those with good treatment outcomes and those with poor treatment outcomes. The impact of the number of lymphocyte subsets on the prognosis of NTM treatment was analyzed.
Results The percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with NTM lung disease is lower than that in the normal population (p < 0.0001), while the percentage of CD56bri NK cells is higher than that in the normal population (p = 0.0037).The absolute numbers of lymphocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD19+ B cells, and CD56dim NK cells are all lower than those in the normal population (p < 0.0001), while the absolute number of CD56bri NK cells is higher than that in the normal population (p < 0.0001).Patients with mixed infections of Mycobacterium avium complex (M. avium) and Mycobacterium intracellulare (M. intercelleulare) exhibit significantly lower numbers of T lymphocyte subsets compared to other bacterial strains.Logistic regression analysis results revealed that the total absolute number of lymphocytes, absolute number of B lymphocytes, and absolute number of NK lymphocytes are the main risk factors for poor treatment outcomes in NTM lung disease (p = 0.028, 0.043, 0.026). The area under the ROC curve was 0.948.
Combining molecular transmission network analysis and spatial epidemiology to reveal HIV-1 transmission pattern among the older people in Nanjing, China
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Jiang Tingyi , Jiang Li , Shi Hongjie , Li Xin , Qiao Mengkai , Wu Sushu , Wu Rong , Yuan Xin , Wang Jingwen , Zhu Zhengping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background In China, the problem of HIV infection among the older people has become increasingly prominent. This study aimed to analyze the pattern and influencing factors of HIV transmission based on a genomic and spatial epidemiological analysis among this population.
Methods A total of 432 older individuals who were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 and had not received ART between January 2018 and December 2021 were enrolled. HIV-1 polgene sequence was obtained by viral RNA extraction and nested PCR. The molecular transmission network was constructed using HIV-TRACE and the spatial distribution analyses were performed in ArcGIS. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors associated with clustering.
Results A total of 382 sequences were successfully sequenced, of which CRF07_BC (52.1%), CRF01_AE (32.5%), and CRF08_BC (7.3%) were the main HIV-1 subtypes. A total of 176 sequences entered the molecular network, with a clustering rate of 46.1%. Impressively, the clustering rate among older people infected HIV with commercial heterosexual transmission was as high as 61.7% and three female commercial sex workers were observed in the network. The individuals who were aged ≥ 60 years and transmitted by commercial heterosexual behaviors had a higher risk of clustering, while those who were retirees or engaged other occupations and with higher education degree were less likely to cluster. There was a positive spatial correlation of clustering rate (Global Moran I =0.206, P < 0.001)at the town level and the highly aggregated regions were mainly distributed in rural area. We determined three large clusters and they mainly spread in the intra-region of certain towns in rural areas. Notably, 54.5% of cases in large clusters were transmitted through commercial heterosexual behaviors.
Conclusions These findings revealed the spatial aggregation of HIV transmission and highlighted vital role of commercial heterosexual behavior in HIV transmission among older people at the local level. Therefore, health resources should be directed towards highly aggregated rural areas and prevention strategy should take critical regions or persons as entry points. Moreover, continuous monitor and rapid area response to the network should be strengthened to reduce further HIV transmission among older people.
The association of multidimensional household poverty with child and mother psychopathology wellbeing trajectories using a prospective longitudinal cohort in Ireland.
Authors: Driscoll David J O , Khashan Ali S , Keeffe Linda M O , Kiely Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The association between multidimensional household poverty (MHP) and child and mother psychopathology trajectories is not well understood. The aim of this paper is to explore this association.
Methods: We analysed 9241 infants and mothers recruited at 9-months (m) and 32-years (y) respectively from the Growing-up-in-Ireland study and followed up when the child was aged 3, 5, 7, 9 and 13y. MHP was derived from monetary, subjective and material poverty questionnaires completed by mothers before infant age 3y using latent-class-analysis. Confounder-adjusted linear spline multilevel models were used to examine the association between MHP before 3y and trajectories of child (3-to-13y) and mother (34-to-46y) psychopathology wellbeing measures (Strengths-and-difficulties-questionnaire and Centre-for-epidemiological-studies-depression-scale, respectively).
Results: In adjusted models, MHP before 3y was associated with a higher mean difference(MD) (MD:0.67, 95%CI 0.41,0.92) in child psychopathology at 3y and this was broadly similar at age 13y (MD:0.87, 95% CI 0.57,1.17). MHP prior to 3y was associated with a higher mother psychopathology when her child was age 3y (MD:1.07, 95% CI 0.90,1.23) and this persisted albeit with a slight reduction in magnitude at age 13y of the child (MD:0.72, 95% CI 0.53,0.90).
Conclusions:. Though replication in other cohorts is required, findings suggest that MHP exposure in child infancy may have early negative life course impacts on mother and child wellbeing that persist for up to a decade. If causal, these findings underscore the importance of early life course policy interventions to prevent and ameliorate poverty to reduce long term psychopathology of mothers and their children.
Comparing Outcomes Among Pneumonia Prediction Models in Elderly Patients: A single center validation study
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad Baseem , Mangino Anthony A. , Naidu Lakshmi , Kao Chieng-Ting , Chikkanna Rani , Montgomery-Yates Ashley 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Guidelines recommend the use of risk stratifying tools to aid decision making in patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to determine if newer pneumonia severity scoring models predict patient centered clinical outcome better than older models in elderly patients?
Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort review of patients aged >65 who presented to the emergency room with CAP at our center between 1st January 2019 and 30th June 2022 using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes. Primary outcomes of interest were whether patients died in-hospital or within 30-days of hospitalization, were readmitted within 30 days, required mechanical ventilation or vasopressor infusion, or were discharged to rehabilitation of a nursing facility. To compare the efficacy of the scoring systems, each score was used independently as the sole predictor in a series of logistic regression models. Model accuracy was compared within each outcome using the area under the curve (AUC) as the key outcome.
Results
The sample consisted of 257 patients, with male representing 49.81% of cohort and average age of 75 years (sd = 7.85 years). CHUBA had the highest AUC (0.679) in predicting 30-day mortality with the second highest score being the CURB-65 (0.651); AUC ranged from 0.618 with the CORB-75 to 0.679 with the CHUBA. This pattern was consistent when predicting in-hospital mortality with CHUBA being the most predictive (AUC = 0.758) by a small margin. Discharge to rehabilitation or nursing home was most accurately predicted by CHUBA (0.773). However, CHUBA performed poorly on predicting the need for vasopressors or mechanical ventilation.
Interpretation
In elderly patient population, the CHUBA prediction model may be superior to CURB-65 and PSI in determining the need for hospitalization, but not the need for ICU disposition. Larger prospective studies are needed to substantiate these claims.
Unraveling the Walking Experience of Older Urban Adults in Seoul, South Korea A qualitative GIS Approach
Authors: Kim Dong Ha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Walking transcends mere physical activity; it is a fundamental aspect of daily life that profoundly affects the well-being of older adults. This study explored the walking experiences of older adults in Seoul by examining the interplay between perception, behavior, and environment. A qualitative geographic information system (GIS) research design was used to integrate qualitative and geospatial methods to explore the lived experience of walking among older adults in navigating Seoul's urban landscape. From July to December 2020, 38 older adults residing in walkable neighborhoods renowned for their pedestrian-friendly infrastructure were recruited. Data collection involved individual in-depth interviews, mobile global positioning systems (GPS) tracking, and ActiGraph monitoring. The interview data were analyzed to identify themes emerging from the walking experiences of older urban adults. GPS tracks movement patterns, whereas accelerometers measure physical activity levels. Integrating these sources revealed contextual conditions for walking among older urban adults, verified through triangulation. Participants perceived walking as a means of attaining autonomy, cultivating a healthy self-image, nurturing social connections, and generating income. The dense and diverse neighborhood environment facilitated these walks, serving as a platform for social interaction and creating an informal social safety network. It was also found that walking for work, even when prolonged, led to less exercise than walking for leisure. This study underscores the multifaceted nature of walking, which has profound implications for the well-being and social connectedness of older adults. These findings emphasize the imperative for policy and design solutions that promote healthy aging and address inequalities.