bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Neighborhood Income Deprivation Over Time, Moving in Childhood, and Adult Risk of Depression
Authors: Sabel Clive E. , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Antonsen Sussie , Webb Roger T. , Horsdal Henriette Thisted 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceComplex biological, socioeconomic, and psychological variables combine to cause mental illnesses, with mounting evidence that early-life experiences are associated with adulthood mental health.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether changing neighborhood income deprivation and residential moves during childhood are associated with the risk of receiving a diagnosis of depression in adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included the whole population of 1 096 916 people born in Denmark from January 1, 1982, to December 31, 2003, who resided in the country during their first 15 years of life. Individuals were followed up from 15 years of age until either death, emigration, depression diagnosis, or December 31, 2018. Longitudinal data on residential location was obtained by linking all individuals to the Danish longitudinal population register. Statistical analysis was performed from June 2022 to January 2024.ExposuresExposures included a neighborhood income deprivation index at place of residence for each year from birth to 15 years of age and a mean income deprivation index for the entire childhood (aged ≤15 years). Residential moves were considered by defining “stayers” as individuals who lived in the same data zone during their entire childhood and “movers” as those who did not.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultilevel survival analysis determined associations between neighborhood-level income deprivation and depression incidence rates after adjustment for individual factors. Results were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs). The hypotheses were formulated before data collection.ResultsA total of 1 096 916 individuals (563 864 male participants [51.4%]) were followed up from 15 years of age. During follow-up, 35 098 individuals (23 728 female participants [67.6%]) received a diagnosis of depression. People living in deprived areas during childhood had an increased risk of depression (IRR, 1.10 [95% CrI, 1.08-1.12]). After full individual-level adjustment, the risk was attenuated (IRR, 1.02 [95% CrI, 1.01-1.04]), indicating an increase of 2% in depression incidence for each 1-SD increase in income deprivation. Moving during childhood, independent of neighborhood deprivation status, was associated with significantly higher rates of depression in adulthood compared with not moving (IRR, 1.61 [95% CrI, 1.52-1.70] for 2 or more moves after full adjustment).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that, rather than just high or changing neighborhood income deprivation trajectories in childhood being associated with adulthood depression, a settled home environment in childhood may have a protective association against depression. Policies that enable and support settled childhoods should be promoted.
Methyllithium Complex with Lithium Bromide (MeLi–LiBr)
Authors: Castoldi Laura , Miele Margherita , Pace Vittorio 
Published: July 2024

CH
3
Li · LiBr

[332360‐06‐2]

CH
3
Li
·
LiBr or Br
·
CH
3
Li
·
Li

(MW 108.821)

InChI =
1S/CH3.BrH.2Li/h1H3;1H;;/q;;;+1/p‐1

InChIKey =
XLIKYFMMLMHLKL‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

(metalating agent, preparation of organolithium species, including carbenoids)

Solubility
: methyllithium lithium bromide complex shows comparable solubility to methyllithium in ethereal solvents in which both are usually supplied. Toluene exhibits sufficient solubility properties, but it can slowly undergo decomposition due to the activation of lithiation processes. MeLi–LiBr reacts exothermically with water and protic solvents.

Form Supplied in
: methyllithium lithium bromide is supplied as a complex solution (1.5 or 2.2 M) in diethyl ether; density 0.85 g mL
−1
at 25 °C.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: it is advised to store MeLi–LiBr in an explosion‐proof refrigerator at temperatures <10 °C in order to minimize major hazards (corrosivity, pyrophoricity, and flammability) also because of the presence of flammable solvents. Due to air and moisture sensitivity, the reagent should be stored under an inert atmosphere.

1

Preparative Methods
: a method reported by Parkins deal with the preparation of MeLi
·
LiBr starting from MeBr and Li metal.

2

Lithium lumps are flattened with a hammer to 1.5 mm thickness and cut into chips (2 × 10 × 1.5 mm) and then placed in a flask containing 800 mL of dry diethyl ether. Thereafter, the mixture is cooled at −25 °C and the flask is purged with dry nitrogen or argon (2 L min
−1
during 1–2 min). Through a cooled dropping funnel, MeBr (104.4 g, 1.1 mol) is added and the appearance of turbidity and the increase of internal temperature are diagnostic for the beginning of the reaction. After the addition is complete, the reaction is kept at −15 °C under stirring for an additional hour and subsequently the temperature is slowly increased to 0 °C. The obtained solution is poured into the storage flask, which previously has been filled with inert gas. During the filtration, a fast stream of inert gas is passed through the reaction flask to preserve the solution from oxidative phenomena. After solvent filling and gentle swirling, the titration of the solution indicates approximately 1 M, which corresponds to a chemical yield of 90%.
Dual‐Targeted Engineered Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yongchao , Zhu Tianchuan , Chen Jian , Liu Kecheng , Wei Chunren , Fang Qiongyan , Huang Xi , Shan Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) is an important innate immune checkpoint that empowers tumors to send “don't eat me” signals, leading to immune escape. CD47 monoclonal antibodies have achieved remarkable therapeutic success in hematological malignancies. However, their efficacy in solid tumors is limited, mainly because of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, hematotoxicity severely hinders the clinical translation of CD47 antibodies. Here, a novel genetically programmed nanovesicle, OMV‐CD47/GPC3, is generated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy by fusing anti‐CD47 nanobodies and anti‐GPC3 scFv onto bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Following intravenous administration, dual‐targeted OMV‐CD47/GPC3 specifically recognized tumor cells expressing both CD47 and GPC3, thereby actively targeting and accumulating at the orthotopic HCC tumor site without hematotoxicity. OMV‐CD47/GPC3 potently blocked tumor CD47 and promoted macrophage phagocytosis. More importantly, immunogenic OMV‐CD47/GPC3 can effectively remodel the tumor immune microenvironment of orthotopic HCC, especially reprogram tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) to the M1‐phenotype and promote dendritic cell maturation, synergistically inducing a robust CD8+ T cell‐mediated anti‐tumor immune response. With the two‐pronged approach of immune checkpoint inhibition and immune activation, engineered OMV‐CD47/GPC3 significantly suppressed orthotopic HCC growth and prevented tumor recurrence and metastasis, thus providing a promising strategy for HCC immunotherapy.
Ligand‐Pinning Induced Size Modulation of CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots for Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Qi Ziwei , Mei Xinyi , Wang Jianxun , Qiu Junming , Zheng Wei , He Kege , Zhang Mingxu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (PQDs) show high potential for new‐generation light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Even though the red PQD‐LEDs can be realized through mixing halide in the PQDs to tune their spectroscopies, the PQDs may suffer from phase separation under a high electric field, predominantly affecting LED applications. Herein, a ligand‐pinning‐assisted approach is reported to tune the spectroscopies of CsPbI3 PQDs, in which vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA) is applied as function ligands to regulate the nucleation and growth of PQDs during the synthesis. Systematically experimental studies and theoretical calculations are conducted to comprehensively understand the functions of the VPA ligands during the PQD synthesis, which reveals that the VPA ligands with high binding energy with Pb2+ cations could firmly anchor on the surface matrix of PQDs without desorption, regulating the growth of PQDs and thus resulting in tunable spectroscopies being realized. Meanwhile, VPA could also renovate the defective surface matrix of PQDs, substantially diminishing trap‐induced nonradiative recombination. Consequently, red PQD‐LEDs deliver a high external quantum efficiency of 22.83%, which is significantly improved compared with the control devices. This work provides a new avenue to tune the spectroscopies of PQDs toward high‐performing LEDs.
Suppressing Fluoride Segregation for High Efficiency Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Mingyu , Jiang Xianyuan , Zang Zihao , Wen Xin , Zhou Wei , Wu Haobo , Peng Si , Liu Yunlong , Li Hansheng , Yu Danni , Liang Hao , Wang Hao , Zhou Wenjia , Su Zhenhuang , Zheng Fan , Gao Xingyu , Emeline Alexei V. , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Ning Zhijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhase segregation can bring low crystallinity and orientation, giving rise to poor carrier transport and high defect density, leading to poor device performance. In order to reduce oxidation and defect density and regulate film growth, lots of reductive additives such as SnF2 are explored as additives in tin perovskite film growth. Despite the oxidation is effectively reduced, it induces phase segregation. Herein, a reductive molecule NH5F2 with a bi‐fluoride anion is explored to address this challenge for tin perovskite solar cells. This bi‐fluoride anion reduces coordination energy with Sn2+ compared to SnF2, hence the byproduct of [F─H─F]− can be eliminated during the film annealing process, effectively preventing fluoride segregation. As a result, a highly oriented perovskite film with reduced oxidation is fabricated. The film shows reduced defect density and carrier recombination, leading to improved current density. Consequently, a tin‐based perovskite solar cell with an efficiency of 15.04% is fabricated, ranking as one of the highest efficiencies reported up to now.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Activatable Metal‐Phenolic Nanoformulations for Ultrasound‐Boosted Ferroptosis through Triple Regulatory Pathways
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Liu Sainan , Liu Bin , Meng Qi , Yuan Meng , Ma Xinyu , Wang Jiwei , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite its effectiveness in exterminating tumor cells, ferroptosis is seriously hampered by the high expression of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the inadequacy of endogenous H2O2 in tumors. Herein, metal‐phenolic nanoformulations (FNCP NFs) composed of sonosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6), the phenolic GSH consumer naphthazarin, and Fe3+, followed by the modification of PEG2000, are strategically designed and fabricated for ultrasound‐boosted ferroptosis in tumor cells through triple regulatory pathways. The carrier‐free FNCP NFs can rapidly dissociate under tumor microenvironment response with the assistance of ultrasound, releasing Fe2+, Ce6, and naphthazarin. Ce6 and Fe2+ are capable of producing singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by ultrasound‐activated sonodynamic therapy and Fenton reaction‐mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT), respectively, which not only induce apoptotic cell death but also lead to the effective accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), resulting in ferroptosis. Meanwhile, the released naphthazarin and the self‐cycling valence alternations of Fe3+/Fe2+ promote the significant decrease of intracellular GSH contents, further inducing the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the up‐regulation of LPO levels, eventually realizing the synergistically enhanced ferroptosis. This facile and feasible design for versatile metal‐phenolic nanoformulations offers a new strategy for effectively improving ferroptosis efficiency and multimodal cancer therapies.
Reversible Crystalline‐Crystalline Transitions in Chalcogenide Phase‐Change Materials
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Kaiqi , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhase‐change random access memory (PCRAM) is one of the most technologically mature candidates for next‐generation non‐volatile memory and is currently at the forefront of artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing. Traditional PCRAM exploits the typical phase transition and electrical/optical contrast between non‐crystalline and crystalline states of chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs). Currently, traditional PCRAM faces challenges that vastly hinder further memory optimization, for example, the high‐power consumption, significant resistance drift, and the contradictory nature between crystallization speed and thermal stability, nearly all of them are related to the non‐crystalline state of PCMs. In this respect, a reversible crystalline‐to‐crystalline phase transition can solve the above problems. This review delves into the atomic structures and switching mechanisms of the emerging atypical crystalline‐to‐crystalline transitions, and the understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic features. Ultimately, an outlook is provided on the future opportunities that atypical all‐crystalline phase transitions offer for the development of a novel PCRAM, along with the key challenges that remain to be addressed.
Optimizing Blade‐Coated Tin–lead Perovskite Solar Cells and Tandems with Multi‐Carboxyl and Amino Group Integration
Authors: Shen Weicheng , Fang Hongyi , Pu Dexin , Zheng Wenwen , Zhang Xuhao , Li Guang , Huang Lishuai , Zhou Shun , Chen Weiqing , Zhou Yuan , Feng Zhuo , Liang Jiwei , Zhou Jin , Qin Pingli , Fang Guojia , Ke Weijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMixed tin–lead (Sn–Pb) perovskites often face a daunting challenge: rapid and uncontrollable crystallization, leading to a plethora of defects and significant stress. This issue is particularly exacerbated during the blade‐coating preparation of scalable Sn–Pb perovskite films. In this study, a facile strategy involving the addition of ammonium citrate (AC) to narrow‐bandgap mixed Sn–Pb perovskite precursors is introduced. AC, armed with its arsenal of multiple carboxyl and amino groups, acts as a virtuoso conductor, orchestrating controlled crystal growth by harmonizing with Pb2+ and Sn2+ ions. This addition significantly boosts the crystallinity of the perovskite films, alleviates interface stress, inhibits Sn2+ oxidation, and mitigates interfacial defects. Consequently, The blade‐coated AC‐incorporated mixed Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells achieve a high photovoltaic conversion efficiency of nearly 21%. Furthermore, extending this strategy to two‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells yielded a remarkable maximum efficiency of 27.20%. This work presents an effective strategy for producing efficient blade‐coated mixed Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells, heralding a pathway toward scalable fabrication of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells.
Rapid Synthesis of Functions‐Integrated Hydrogel as a Self‐Powered Wound Dressing for Real‐Time Drug Release and Health Monitoring
Authors: Li Haiyu , Zhang Hui , Peng Yangrui , Liu Xinxin , Du Jie , Liao Jianhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA bio‐hydrogel is prepared via a low‐cost and time‐saving strategy and is studied as a self‐powered wound dressing for precision medicine and health monitoring. Promoted by a dual self‐catalytic pair composed of Fe3+ and catechol, gelation time is dramatically accelerated to 15 s and the hydrogel can be freely modeled at −18 °C without losing flexibility. As smart wound dressing, the required properties such as self‐healing, self‐adhesion, antibacterial, and sensing stability, are integrated into one hydrogel. TA@CNC offers abundant hydrogen bond and metal‐ligand coordination which facilitate the hydrogel with a self‐healing efficiency of 91.6%. Owing to the catechol in TA@CNC, hydrogel can adhere to multiple substrates including skin, and show good antibacterial activity. Inspired by a fruit battery, a self‐powered wound dressing is fabricated, which exhibits excellent correlation and efficiency in real‐time monitoring of body activity and drug release. In vivo experiments prove that efficient drug release of hydrogel dressing significantly accelerate wound healing. Additionally, the dressing exhibits excellent biocompatibility and has no negative impacts on organs. Herein, a smart wound dressing that is different from the traditional way is proposed. As a self‐powered device, it can be integrated with wireless devices and is expected to participate in promising applications.
Long‐Term Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Xeno‐Free Condition Using Functional Polymer Films
Authors: Cho Younghak , Lee Hana , Jeong Wonji , Jung Kwang Bo , Lee Sun Young , Park Seonghyeon , Yeun Jemin , Kwon Ohman , Son Jin Gyeong , Lee Tae Geol , Son Mi‐Young , Im Sung Gap 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), encompassing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hold immense potential in regenerative medicine, offering new opportunities for personalized cell therapies. However, their clinical translation is hindered by the inevitable reliance on xenogeneic components in culture environments. This study addresses this challenge by engineering a fully synthetic, xeno‐free culture substrate, whose surface composition is tailored systematically for xeno‐free culture of hPSCs. A functional polymer surface, pGC2 (poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐grafting‐guanidine‐co‐carboxylic acrylate)), offers excellent cell‐adhesive properties as well as non‐cytotoxicity, enabling robust hESCs and hiPSCs growth while presenting cost‐competitiveness and scalability over Matrigel. This investigation includes comprehensive evaluations of pGC2 across diverse experimental conditions, demonstrating its wide adaptability with various pluripotent stem cell lines, culture media, and substrates. Crucially, pGC2 supports long‐term hESCs and hiPSCs expansion, up to ten passages without compromising their stemness and pluripotency. Notably, this study is the first to confirm an identical proteomic profile after ten passages of xeno‐free cultivation of hiPSCs on a polymeric substrate compared to Matrigel. The innovative substrate bridges the gap between laboratory research and clinical translation, offering a new promising avenue for advancing stem cell‐based therapies.
Algorithm for Reproducible Analysis of Semiconducting 2D Nanomaterials Based on UV‐VIS Spectroscopy
Authors: Kubetschek Nico , Backes Claudia , Goldie Stuart 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapid and reliable analysis of liquid dispersions of 2D materials is essential for fully harnessing their potential, allowing size and quality validation before subsequent processing or device fabrication. Existing UV‐VIS extinction spectroscopy‐based metrics, particularly those related to thickness, have shown promise but rely on manual data processing, which can introduce irreproducibility and user errors. To address this challenge and enable uniform analysis across laboratories, a freely available program is developed for the reproducible analysis of nanosheet dispersions. Specifically, a smoothing routine is applied to the spectral data, takes the second derivative, and use integral areas to find the wavelength of exciton transitions. This program enables rapid measurement of nanosheet concentration, length, and thickness by UV‐VIS spectroscopy and thickness metrics are refined for eight common 2D nanomaterials. The program and methodology are freely available for use and allow metrics for new materials to be implemented easily in the future.
A Stable High‐Performance Zn‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Highly Compatible Polar Co‐Solvent
Authors: Yang Shuo , Wu Guangpeng , Zhang Jing , Guo Yuning , Xue Kui , Zhang Yongqi , Zhu Yuanmin , Li Tao , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhou Liujiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites, irreversible dissolution of cathode material and solidification of aqueous electrolyte at low temperatures severely restrict the development of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. In this work, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFEA) with a volume fraction of 50% as a highly compatible polar‐solvent is introduced to 1.3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte, achieving stable high‐performance Zn‐ion batteries. Massive theoretical calculations and characterization analysis demonstrate that TFEA weakens the tip effect of Zn anode and restrains the growth of Zn dendrites due to electrostatic adsorption and coordinate with H2O to disrupt the hydrogen bonding network in water. Furthermore, TFEA increases the wettability of the cathode and alleviates the dissolution of V2O5, thus improving the capacity of the full battery. Based on those positive effects of TFEA on Zn anode, V2O5 cathode, and aqueous electrolyte, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell delivers a long cycle‐life of 782 h at 5 mA cm−2 and 2 mA h cm−2. The full battery still declares an initial capacity of 116.78 mA h g−1, and persists 87.73% capacity in 2000 cycles at −25 °C. This work presents an effective strategy for fully compatible co‐solvent to promote the stability of Zn anode, V2O5 cathode and aqueous electrolyte for high‐performance Zn‐ion batteries.
Minimally invasive surgery versus open gastrectomy for older patients with gastric cancer: A propensity score‐matching analysis
Authors: Yamamoto Masaaki , Omori Takeshi , Masuike Yasunori , Shinno Naoki , Hara Hisashi , Sugase Takahito , Kanemura Takashi , Takeno Atsushi , Hirao Motohiro , Miyata Hiroshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo compare minimally invasive and open surgery for older patients with gastric cancer.MethodsThis study included 464 consecutive patients with gastric cancer aged ≥75 years who underwent open or laparoscopic gastrectomy at our institution from January 2004 to December 2018. We performed propensity score‐matching and compared short‐ and long‐term outcomes between the two groups.ResultsAfter matching, 332 patients were included in the study (166 in each group). The laparoscopy group had a longer operative time, lesser blood loss, and shorter hospital stays than the open surgery group (all p < 0.020). The laparoscopy group had a lower complication rate than the open surgery group (p = 0.002). No significant differences were noted in the 3‐y overall, recurrence‐free, and disease‐free survival between the groups (all p > 0.200).ConclusionMinimally invasive surgery for older patients with gastric cancer may be more beneficial than open gastrectomy in terms of blood loss and hospital stay.