bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Sport Concussion
Authors: Broglio Steven P. , Cantu Robert C. , Gioia Gerard A. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Kutcher Jeffrey , Palm Michael , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich 
Published: March 2014

Objective:To provide athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care professionals with best-practice guidelines for the management of sport-related concussions.Background:An estimated 3.8 million concussions occur each year in the United States as a result of sport and physical activity. Athletic trainers are commonly the first medical providers available onsite to identify and evaluate these injuries.Recommendations:The recommendations for concussion management provided here are based on the most current research and divided into sections on education and prevention, documentation and legal aspects, evaluation and return to play, and other considerations.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveal Functional Differences Between Drugs Currently Investigated in Patients With Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
Authors: Blondel Sophie , Jaskowiak Anne-Laure , Egesipe Anne-Laure , Le Corf Amelie , Navarro Claire , Cordette Véronique , Martinat Cécile , Laabi Yacine , Djabali Karima , de Sandre-Giovannoli Annachiara , Levy Nicolas , Peschanski Marc , Nissan Xavier 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare congenital disease characterized by premature aging in children. Identification of the mutation and related molecular mechanisms has rapidly led to independent clinical trials testing different marketed drugs with a preclinically documented impact on those mechanisms. However, the extensive functional effects of those drugs remain essentially unexplored. We have undertaken a systematic comparative study of the three main treatments currently administered or proposed to progeria-affected children, namely, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, the combination of an aminobisphosphonate and a statin (zoledronate and pravastatin), and the macrolide antibiotic rapamycin. This work was based on the assumption that mesodermal stem cells, which are derived from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome-induced pluripotent stem cells expressing major defects associated with the disease, may be instrumental to revealing such effects. Whereas all three treatments significantly improved misshapen cell nuclei typically associated with progeria, differences were observed in terms of functional improvement in prelamin A farnesylation, progerin expression, defective cell proliferation, premature osteogenic differentiation, and ATP production. Finally, we have evaluated the effect of the different drug combinations on this cellular model. This study revealed no additional benefit compared with single-drug treatments, whereas a cytostatic effect equivalent to that of a farnesyltransferase inhibitor alone was systematically observed. Altogether, these results reveal the complexity of the modes of action of different drugs, even when they have been selected on the basis of a similar mechanistic hypothesis, and underscore the use of induced pluripotent stem cell derivatives as a critical and powerful tool for standardized, comparative pharmacological studies.
Attitudes of Medical Students and Staff toward Organ Donation in Cases of Brain Death: A Survey at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Zahmatkeshan Mozhgan , Fallahzadeh Ebrahim , Moghtaderi Mozhgan , Najib Khadijeh-Sadat , Farjadian Shirin 
Published: March 2014

Context Organ transplant is one of the most important management strategies for end-of-life patients. The demand for organs in patients awaiting transplant is increasing, and many of these patients die before a donor is found. Objective To determine the attitudes of medical students and staff at clinical institutions affiliated with a large medical university in the Eastern Mediterranean region toward organ donation in cases of brain death. Participants A total of 500 medical students, physicians, and nurses recruited at hospitals and medical centers affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Iran. Design and Setting Information about participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge of organ donation, and willingness to donate their own organs after death was collected by using self-administered questionnaires. Results Most participants (78%) had favorable attitudes toward donating their own organs after brain death. However, only about 25% of them carried an organ donation card. In addition to public media, the main sources of information about organ donation after brain death were their professors and textbooks. An association in charge of improving public awareness and facilitating the process of registration and issuance of donation cards appears to be necessary.
Parental Live Liver Donation: A Transformational Experience
Authors: Nasr Annette Sue , Rehm Roberta S. 
Published: March 2014

Background Parental live liver donation is an attractive alternative to deceased donation for pediatric patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD), yet very little has been published about the long-term emotional consequences of live liver donations on donors and their families. Objectives To better understand the impact that a parental live liver donation has on the everyday life of the donor. Method Thirteen living parental donors from 2 West Coast transplant centers participated. Data included semistructured interviews, observations, and field notes about the donors and their physical, emotional, and familial lives since their donation. The perceived impact of donation on parental donors and their intrafamilial relationships are reviewed and the social and emotional context of parental liver donation, including impacts on the predonation decisions and life after donation are analyzed. Results Thematic analysis was used to analyze this set of interviews, and after open coding, 3 major categories emerged: a self-awareness process, a clarification of familial relationships, and a change in perspectives on community. The overarching theme that was constructed from the interviews suggested that the impact the donation had on the donors' lives was one of transformation.
A Mixed-Method Study to Explore Patients' Perspective of Self-Management Tasks in the Early Phase after Kidney Transplant
Authors: Schmid-Mohler Gabriela , Schäfer-Keller Petra , Frei Anja , Fehr Thomas , Spirig Rebecca 
Published: March 2014

Context Patients' perspectives of posttransplant self-management tasks have not been explored. Objective To explore the concept and the presence of self-management tasks mastered by patients in the early phase after kidney transplant. Design Mixed-method study using semistructured interviews and a structured questionnaire. Setting Outpatient Division of Nephrology at University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland Patients Twelve patients (median age, 52 years, interquartile range, 42.25–65.25 years; median time after kidney transplant, 6.5 months; interquartile range, 2.25–15.75 months) were included. Analysis Qualitative data were analyzed according to Corbin and Strauss' 3 self-management tasks with content analysis procedures. In the quantitative analysis, the presence of each self-management task is expressed as a frequency. Results The qualitative findings showed that patients were greatly challenged by the effort to manage the upcoming instability, which has a persistent broad impact on their lives. Managing emotions comprised dealing with uncertainty, disappointment, and frustration. Additionally, patients had to manage changes in self-perception. Managing life roles mainly involved an adaptation of relationships, occupational changes, and interactions with health care providers. Taking medications, managing symptoms, integrating new behaviors, and understanding one's course of disease were further tasks. Quantitatively, self-management tasks that were perceived as a challenge by at least half of the patients were primarily tasks from the questionnaire section “managing stressful emotions and self-perception.” The synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings indicates that self-management programs for kidney transplant recipients should focus on strengthening patients' self-management of emotional tasks and on regaining stability in daily life.
Early origins of health disparities: Material deprivation predicts maternal evening cortisol in pregnancy and offspring cortisol reactivity in the first few weeks of life
Authors: Thayer Zaneta M. , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesMaternal hypothalamic pituitary adrenal‐axis function regulates production of the stress hormone cortisol, which during pregnancy can cross the placenta and have lasting impacts on fetal growth and development. This article provides a preliminary test of the hypothesis that a woman's socioeconomic status (SES) predicts her cortisol during pregnancy and her offspring's cortisol during the early postnatal period among an ethnically diverse sample in Auckland, New Zealand to evaluate whether differences in cortisol contribute to the intergenerational inheritance of health disparities within this population.MethodsMaternal saliva samples were collected at waking and prior to sleep on 2 days in late pregnancy (34–36 weeks gestation; N = 55), and a subset of offspring saliva was collected before (N = 48) and 20 min after a standard vaccination at 6 weeks of age (N = 19). SES was quantified using a locally validated index of material deprivation, the NZ Deprivation Index for individuals (NZiDep).ResultsWe found that, after controlling for ethnicity and other covariates, women with higher NZiDep scores had significantly higher evening but similar morning cortisol, consistent with a pattern of chronic strain. Infants of women reporting greater material deprivation had elevated cortisol response to vaccination.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that maternal SES experience impacts maternal cortisol in pregnancy and offspring cortisol reactivity soon after birth, with potential long‐term effects on offspring biology and health. Additional research is needed to clarify how biological and behavioral factors in both the prenatal and postnatal period facilitate this relationship. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:723–730, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbial mediated dimerization of fattyacids of sunflower oil: An effective role of lipase and biosurfactant
Authors: Kavitha Varadharajan , Mandal Asit Baran , Gnanamani Arumugam 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study emphasizes microbial mediated transformation of sunflower oil to an adhesive product and characterization in detail. Marine bacterial isolates Bacillus (MTCC 5514), when grown in mineral medium, releases both hydrolytic enzymes and surface‐active components during the log phase of growth. When this species was grown in the presence of sunflower oil at an optimized concentration of 5% (w/v) under room temperature, enzymatic hydrolysis of oil proceeds with the release of fatty acids and glycerol. Further, on increasing the incubation period, the presence of surface‐active components, lipase and glycerol, influence the dimerization of the fatty acids, which further, transformed to a polymerized product sunflower oil‐based adhesive product with adhesive nature. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization) analysis further authenticates the presence of dimeracids. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40555.
Polymer‐coated nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: ShamsiJazeyi Hadi , Miller Clarence A. , Wong Michael S. , Tour James M. , Verduzco Rafael 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTEnhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes aim to recover trapped oil left in reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods. New materials and additives are needed to make EOR economical in challenging reservoirs or harsh environments. Nanoparticles have been widely studied for EOR, but nanoparticles with polymer chains grafted to the surface—known as polymer‐coated nanoparticles (PNPs)—are an emerging class of materials that may be superior to nanoparticles for EOR due to improved solubility and stability, greater stabilization of foams and emulsions, and more facile transport through porous media. Here, we review prior research, current challenges, and future research opportunities in the application of PNPs for EOR. We focus on studies of PNPs for improving mobility control, altering surface wettability, and for investigating their transport through porous media. For each case, we highlight both fundamental studies of PNP behavior and more applied studies of their use in EOR processes. We also touch on a related class of materials comprised of surfactant and nanoparticle blends. Finally, we briefly outline the major challenges in the field, which must be addressed to successfully implement PNPs in EOR applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40576.
Effect of hydration layer on the structure of thermo‐sensitive nanocapsules
Authors: Xu Xianbo , Shan Guorong , Shang Yue , Pan Pengju 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA thermo‐sensitive nanocapsule, containing the hydration layer, was synthesized through introducing N‐isopropylacrylamide into the system of styrene miniemulsion polymerization and hexadecane as liquid template. The properties and content of the water in the hydration layer were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. With dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope, the effects of temperature and solvent on the particle size and morphologies were studied. The results showed that the increase of temperature and the ethanol–water mixed solvent could decrease the thickness of hydration layer and caused the polymer chain in the shell coil‐to‐globule transition, which switched on the pathway to loading and releasing substances in the nanocapsules. By using UV‐visible spectroscopy to monitor the tracer, the diffusion coefficients were determined and verified the switching process above. In addition, the ethanol–water molecule cluster can form a stable associative structure around ethanol mole fraction of 0.4, and destroyed the hydration of the hydrophilic group. The solvent interactions were proved to be the main driving force for the coil‐to‐globule transition of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide). Moreover, an appropriate latex particle size should exclude the hydration layer but stable dispersed in the solvent was suggested. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40589.
Influence of PP fiber and SBR latex on the mechanical properties of crumb rubber mortar
Authors: Xu Fang , Chen Jianping , Ruan Shaoqin , Zhou Mingkai 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new kind of rubber mortar modified by polypropylene fiber (PP fiber) and styrene‐butadiene rubber latex (SBR latex). The mechanical properties of this crumb rubber mortar were investigated in the research, including the compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural toughness, and flexural elasticity modulus. The test results showed that the flexural toughness index of the rubber mortar was seen to enhance by about 50–100% with the addition of PP fiber and SBR polymer latex. Due to the addition of PP fiber and SBR latex, the flexural elastic modulus of rubber mortar could further reduce by 4–27%. The three‐phase composite dispersion model of this rubber mortar was put forward. Furthermore, it was observed from scanning electron micrograph that the interfacial transition zone between the rubber particles and cement paste was enhanced by the SBR latex, and the interleaving of polymer films and rubber particles strengthen the flexibility and toughness of the mortar. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40591.
Controllable reinforcement of stiffness and toughness of polypropylene via thermally induced self‐assembly of β‐nucleating agent
Authors: Li Yijun , Wen Xinyu , Nie Min , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAn easy approach was reported to achieve the simultaneous reinforcement and toughening of polypropylene (PP) via thermally induced self‐assembly of β‐nucleating agent (TMB‐5). The results showed that the processing temperatures dictated the solubility and self‐assembly of TMB‐5 in the polymer melts to determine the subsequent morphology development of PP. At low processing temperature, TMB‐5 did not dissolve into the polymer melt but remained original shape to induce PP to crystallize into spherulites so that it only promoted the formation of β‐form crystals to enhance the toughness of the samples. At high processing temperature, TMB‐5 gradually dissolved into the polymer melts. On cooling, the dissolved nucleating agent self‐assembled into high aspect ratio fibrils through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Due to a favorable matching between PP and TMB‐5, PP preferred to nucleate and grow orthogonally to the fibril axis and into oriented hybrid shish‐kebab morphology with rich β‐form crystals. Compared with isotropic spherulites, the anisotropic structure exhibited excellent properties of the β‐form crystal and shish‐kebab morphology to simultaneously improve the strength and toughness of TMB‐5‐modified PP samples. With the increasing processing temperature, more dissolved TMB‐5 was involved in the self‐assembly procedure to generate longer fibrils and induce more lamellae to grow on the surface. As a consequence, the anisotropy of the PP samples increased further, bringing out more improvements of the tensile strength. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40605.
Tuning the Electronic Properties in Ruthenium–Quinone Complexes through Metal Coordination and Substitution at the Bridge
Authors: Das Hari Sankar , Schweinfurth David , Fiedler Jan , Khusniyarov Marat M. , Mobin Shaikh. M. , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA rare example of a mononuclear complex [(bpy)2Ru(L1−H)](ClO4), 1(ClO4) and dinuclear complexes [(bpy)2Ru(μ‐L1−2H)Ru(bpy)2](ClO4)2, 2(ClO4)2, [(bpy)2Ru(μ‐L2−2H)Ru(bpy)2](ClO4)2, 3(ClO4)2, and [(bpy)2Ru(μ‐L3−2H)Ru(bpy)2](ClO4)2, 4(ClO4)2 (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, L1=2,5‐di‐(isopropyl‐amino)‐1,4‐benzoquinone, L2=2,5‐di‐(benzyl‐amino)‐1,4‐benzoquinone, and L3=2,5‐di‐[2,4,6‐(trimethyl)‐anilino]‐1,4‐benzoquinone) with the symmetrically substituted p‐quinone ligands, L, are reported. Bond‐length analysis within the potentially bridging ligands in both the mono‐ and dinuclear complexes shows a localization of bonds, and binding to the metal centers through a phenolate‐type “O−” and an immine/imminium‐type neutral “N” donor. For the mononuclear complex 1(ClO4), this facilitates strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding and leads to the imminium‐type character of the noncoordinated nitrogen atom. The dinuclear complexes display two oxidation and several reduction steps in acetonitrile solutions. In contrast, the mononuclear complex 1+ exhibits just one oxidation and several reduction steps. The redox processes of 11+ are strongly dependent on the solvent. The one‐electron oxidized forms 23+, 33+, and 43+ of the dinuclear complexes exhibit strong absorptions in the NIR region. Weak NIR absorption bands are observed for the one‐electron reduced forms of all complexes. A combination of structural data, electrochemistry, UV/Vis/NIR/EPR spectroelectrochemistry, and DFT calculations is used to elucidate the electronic structures of the complexes. Our DFT results indicate that the electronic natures of the various redox states of the complexes in vacuum differ greatly from those in a solvent continuum. We show here the tuning possibilities that arise upon substituting [O] for the isoelectronic [NR] groups in such quinone ligands.
The Energy Landscape of Uranyl–Peroxide Species
Authors: Tiferet Eitan , Gil Adrià , Bo Carles , Shvareva Tatiana Y. , Nyman May , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNanoscale uranyl peroxide clusters containing UO22+ groups bonded through peroxide bridges to form polynuclear molecular species (polyoxometalates) exist both in solution and in the solid state. There is an extensive family of clusters containing 28 uranium atoms (U28 clusters), with an encapsulated anion in the center, for example, [UO2(O2)3−x(OH)x4−], [Nb(O2)43−], or [Ta(O2)43−]. The negative charge of these clusters is balanced by alkali ions, both encapsulated, and located exterior to the cluster. The present study reports measurement of enthalpy of formation for two such U28 compounds, one of which is uranyl centered and the other is peroxotantalate centered. The [(Ta(O2)4]‐centered U28 capsule is energetically more stable than the [(UO2)(O2)3]‐centered capsule. These data, along with our prior studies on other uranyl–peroxide solids, are used to explore the energy landscape and define thermochemical trends in alkali–uranyl–peroxide systems. It was suggested that the energetic role of charge‐balancing alkali ions and their electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged uranyl–peroxide species is the dominant factor in defining energetic stability. These experimental data were supported by DFT calculations, which agree that the [(Ta(O2)4]‐centered U28 capsule is more stable than the uranyl‐centered capsule. Moreover, the relative stability is controlled by the interactions of the encapsulated alkalis with the encapsulated anion. Thus, the role of alkali‐anion interactions was shown to be important at all length scales of uranyl–peroxide species: in both comparing clusters to clusters; and clusters to monomers or extended solids.
ChemInform Abstract: Rietveld Refinement and Dielectric Relaxation of a New Rare Earth Based Double Perovskite Oxide: BaPrCoNbO6.
Authors: Bharti Chandrahas , Das Mrinmoy K. , Sen A. , Chandra Sadhan , Sinha T. P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of BaCO3, Pr2O3, CoO, and Nb2O5 (1300 °C for 10 h and 1350 °C for 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Bi‐Based Iodate Photocatalysts with High Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: Huang Hongwei , He Ying , He Ran , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai , Zhang Yihe , Wang Shichao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe compounds BiIO4 (I) and Bi(IO3)3 (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of stoichiometric quantities of Bi(NO3)3 and I2O5 (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of the Oxychalcogenide Series A4O4TiSe4 (A: Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Y).
Authors: Tuxworth A. J. , Evans J. S. O. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of Ln4O4TiSe4 (Ln: Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Y) are prepared by solid state reactions of Ln2O3, TiSe2, and Se (alumina crucible, 900 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of ASnF3 (A: Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+).
Authors: Tran T. Thao , Halasyamani P. Shiv 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCrystals of ASnF3 are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of SnF2, MF (M: Na, K, Rb, Cs), and MeOH (autoclave, 150 °C, 24 h; 50, 60, 70, and 60% yield for the Na, K, Rb, and Cs compound, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: LiPbSb3S6: A Semiconducting Sulfosalt with Very Low Thermal Conductivity.
Authors: Agha Eva C. , Malliakas Christos D. , Im Jino , Jin Hosub , Zhao Li‐Dong , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLiPbSb3S6 is prepared by stoichiometric solid state reaction of Li2S, Pb, Sb, and S (evacuated carbon‐coated silica ampule, 800 °C, 2 h, quenching; 98% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Supported on Zinc Ferrite: An Efficient Catalyst for Ligand Free C—C and C—O Cross Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Singh Abhilash S. , Shendage Suresh S. , Nagarkar Jayashree M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title catalyst is successfully employed for Sonogashira cross coupling, Heck—Matsuda coupling, cyanation with K4Fe(CN)6, and Ullmann type cross coupling reactions.