bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Necrotizing Vasculitis Simple
Authors: McCourt Collette , Dutz Jan P. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitides (CNV) represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases affecting the skin blood vessels, characterized histologically by transmural inflammation of the blood vessel wall with fibrinoid necrosis and clinically characterized by palpable purpura, leading to ulceration. These syndromes represent a spectrum of disease from limited cutaneous small vessel vasculitis to rapidly progressive systemic vasculitis. Moreover, a number of diseases can mimic vasculitis in the skin, thereby presenting diagnostic difficulties for physicians. Objective: We present an update of CNV and vasculopathies based on recent literature and clinical experience. We provide a dermatologic approach to the patient presenting with purpura and ischemic skin necrosis focusing on the subtle features that may help physicians discern between primary and secondary causes and the differences between vasculitis and vasculopathy.
Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Malignant Melanoma): New Cases, Treatment Practice, and Health Care Costs in New Brunswick, Canada, 2002–2010
Authors: Pilgrim Wilfred , Hayes Robert , Hanson Dana W. , Zhang Bin , Boudreau Bonnie , Leonfellner Suzanne 
Published: March 2015

Background: In Canada, there is no formal process for registering nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC); thus, the epidemiology, treatment practices, and associated health costs are not well known. Objectives: To investigate trends in new cases of skin cancer, treatment practices, and health care costs in New Brunswick, Canada. Methods: Data were extracted from the Provincial Cancer Registry and New Brunswick administrative health databases for 2002–2010. Results: New cases: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) was the most common skin cancer diagnosed, and incidence rates significantly increased between 1992 and 2010. Treatment practice: Dermatologists managed the majority (45%) of the overall skin cancer treatments. Health care costs: NMSC accounted for ˜80% of the health care costs for skin cancer and was dominated by BCC. Conclusions: Development of best practice treatment guidelines for NMSC in New Brunswick would improve future health care efficiencies, and standard protocols for registering new cases of NMSC in Canada would strengthen surveillance and reporting capacity.
Photo Developer Allergic Contact Dermatitis in a Photographer Following Paraphenylenediamine Sensitization from a Temporary Henna Tattoo
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Pratt Melanie D. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a coloring agent and potent sensitizer commonly added to henna tattoos to darken tattoo color. Photographic developers contain compounds that cross-react with PPD. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from photo developers has been documented in the literature. Objective: We describe the rare case of a photographer who presented with a 4-year history of recurrent ACD following exposure to photochemicals. History taking revealed that 10 years before presentation, he had received a temporary henna tattoo. Methods: The patient was patch-tested with 4-methylaminophenol sulfate (Metol), the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) series, and select other allergens. Results: Patch testing results revealed strong positive reactions to 4-methylaminophenol sulfate and PPD. Conclusion: This is the first report to our knowledge of ACD from a photo developer occurring as a consequence of previous sensitization to PPD from a temporary henna tattoo. Due to the potential for long-term sequelae, an awareness of the risks associated with henna tattoos is warranted.
Real-World Experience with Alitretinoin in a Community Dermatology Practice Setting in Patients with Chronic Hand Dermatitis
Authors: Ham Kaiya , Maini Priya , Gooderham Melinda J. 
Published: March 2015

Background: The treatment of moderate to severe chronic hand dermatitis (CHD) has been advanced with the introduction of alitretinoin (9- cis-retinoic acid). Although clinical trial data demonstrated the efficacy and safety of alitretinoin, real-world experience is lacking in a more generalized patient population. Objective: Patients with CHD often, and unsuccessfully, attempt several therapeutic options before seeing a dermatologist. This chart review study aimed to examine the experience of using alitretinoin for CHD in a dermatology office setting. Methods: A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was conducted of all patients prescribed alitretinoin in a community dermatology practice. Results: Alitretinoin was well tolerated in this patient population of 53 patients and showed a clinically significant reduction in disease symptoms. Conclusion: Alitretinoin was a safe and well-tolerated treatment with significant clinical improvement in our patient population. Few clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were identified, and only one patient discontinued therapy due to adverse events.
Prevention of Alopecia in Medical and Interventional Chemotherapy Patients
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A. , Morzycki Wojciech , Green Peter J. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is one of the most distressing side effects of cancer treatment. Although there have been a number of investigated strategies to reduce this, there is no standard of care for treatment. Objective: This review aims to summarize the relevant evidence for the treatments available for chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Methods: A literature search using PubMed and the MEDLINE subengine was completed. The terms “chemotherapy,” “alopecia,” “quality of life,” and “strategies” were used, and articles from the last 10 years were considered. The pediatric population was not investigated. Results: Physical therapies for alopecia prevention have shown some promise but range from insufficient to detrimental depending on the type of cancer. Cold caps may be more effective than tourniquets and may be associated with fewer metastatic events. Pharmacologic therapies, both immunomodulators and growth factors, have stood the test of several trials to date. In particular, cyclosporine has been shown either to prevent alopecia or promote hair growth during a chemotherapy regimen. Conclusion: Although the evidence is not yet overwhelming, it is becoming clear that a combination of mechanical and chemical interventions may help compensate for the downfalls of either therapy alone.
Progression of Surgical Hair Restoration Techniques
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Lyons Danika C.A. , Daigle Deanne 
Published: March 2015

Background: Early surgical hair restoration (SHR) techniques were fraught with limitations. Major advancements and refinements have taken place yielding minimally invasive, relatively scar-free, and natural-looking hair transplantations. Objective: Our aim was to review the origins and advancements of SHR and to discuss future directions for the field. Methods: Searches were performed using: Pubmed, Scopus, and the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery’s Hair Transplant Forum International for articles related to SHR. Reference sections of articles obtained were reviewed. Relevant textbooks obtained were reviewed. Results and Conclusion: SHR techniques originated as macro-level graft transplantations and excision of scalp tissue. They progressed toward micro-level graft transplantations performed with extreme caution and precision. However, all SHR techniques are limited by their reliance on existing donor hair to fill balding areas. Further advancements in hair follicle cell cloning and regeneration of growth may offer a solution to this overarching limitation.
Correlation between Socioeconomic Status and Clinical Course in Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Mashayekhi-Ghoyonlo Vahid , Kiafar Bita , Rohani Mahboubeh , Esmaeili Habibollah , Erfanian-Taghvaee Majid Reza 
Published: March 2015

Objective: Leishmaniasis has long been known as a poverty-associated disease, which is particularly prevalent in developing and less developed countries. The role of socioeconomic status in the clinical course of the disease is less clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the potential relationship between the clinical course of cutaneous leishmaniasis in terms of its evolution into chronic forms and the socioeconomic status of the patients. Methods: A total of 140 patients attending the dermatology clinic in Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, were enrolled. The patients were grouped into high, medium, and low socioeconomic classes according to a comprehensive questionnaire. They received routine treatment protocols for leishmaniasis and were followed up for 1 year. Results: We found a statistically significant relationship between the clinical course of the disease and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Poverty might prolong the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis for many different reasons.
Retrospective Review of Folliculitis Decalvans in 23 Patients with Course and Treatment Analysis of Long-standing Cases
Authors: Bunagan M.J. Kristine , Banka Nusrat , Shapiro Jerry 
Published: March 2015

Background: To date, there is no standard treatment of folliculitis decalvans (FD), a rare type of cicatricial alopecia. Objective and Methods: The records of 23 patients with FD (1998–2012) were retrospectively analyzed, with added data review on the course and treatment of long-standing cases. Results: Initial management consisted mostly of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, clobetasol lotion, and either cephalexin, minocycline, doxycycline, or tetracycline. Alternatives consisted of rifampicin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and isotretinoin. Remission was achieved in weeks to months in more than half of the cases, with low occurrence of relapse. The poor responders had a protracted course of temporary improvement and multiple relapses. Conclusion: The majority of patients showed improvement and subsequent remission with oral antibiotics. In some patients, it took years of slow taper before the antibiotic could be discontinued. Only a few patients had recalcitrant disease, with minimal response to their initial and alternative medications.
Crohn Disease of the Vulva without Gastrointestinal Manifestations in a 16-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Zhang Ai-jun , Zhan Shu-hui , Chang Hong , Gao Yu-qiang , Li Yan-qing 
Published: March 2015

Background: Crohn disease of the vulva is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose. There are limited reports describing treatment of this condition. Objective: To describe the diagnosis and treatment of a 16-year-old girl with Crohn disease of the vulva, without onset of intestinal symptoms. Methods: Crohn disease was diagnosed by histopathology. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and followed for 1 year. Results: After the final diagnosis, cutaneous lesions responded rapidly to corticosteroid treatment, which was gradually stopped after 6 months. The disease was well controlled at the 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Crohn disease of the vulva can develop alone without the onset of intestinal symptoms. Diagnosis relies on special pathologic findings. Corticosteroid treatment is effective for this condition.
Use of Vitamins and Minerals in the Treatment of Hair Loss: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Dermatologists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mubki Thamer 
Published: March 2015

Background: Several controversies exist regarding the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in treating hair loss. Objectives: To explore practices, knowledge, and attitudes for using vitamins and minerals in treating hair loss among dermatologists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire containing 33 questions was distributed to 177 dermatologists attending a national dermatology conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2012. Results: Of the 177 attending dermatologists, 144 responded to the questionnaire (81% response rate). Vitamins and minerals were recommended for treating at least one type of hair loss by 60%. Vitamins and minerals were most commonly used for acute telogen effluvium (62%). The majority (72%) reported a good knowledge of vitamins and minerals toxicity. Conclusion: Although dermatologists in Saudi Arabia displayed positive believes in the usefulness of vitamins and minerals in treating hair loss, further research is needed to prove their role in the management of different hair loss disorders.
Pemphigoid Nodularis
Authors: Al-Salhi Waleed , Alharithy Ru'aa 
Published: March 2015

Background Pemphigoid nodularis is a rare clinical variant of bullous pemphigoid characterized by overlapping clinical features of both prurigo nodularis lesions and bullous pemphigoid blisters. The condition appears to be more common in females and is often resistant to treatment. Objective To raise awareness of this rare variant of bullous pemphigoid. Methods Case report. Results and Conclusion Dermatologists should include this variant in differential diagnosis of prurigo nodularis because early recognition can lead to an effective treatment for the prurigo component.
Molluscum-Like Papules as a Presentation of Early Papulonecrotic Tuberculid in Association with Nodular Tuberculid in a Male with Asymptomatic Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Asiniwasis Rachel , Dutil Maha T. , Walsh Scott 
Published: March 2015

Background/Objectives The clinical and histopathologic findings of a rare simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculid and nodular tuberclid in a patient with active but asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis are presented. Papulonecrotic tuberculid was observed at a very early stage, presenting as molluscum-like lesions. This has been described once in the literature. This was observed in conjunction with lesions compatible with the rare clinicopathologic variant of nodular tuberculid. Critical to the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis was the use of induced sputum testing, which confirmed the diagnosis despite the lack of a cough and a chest x-ray negative for active tuberculosis. Methods/Results A 40-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of fever and a skin eruption consisting of molluscum-like papules on the ears, arms, and abdomen and nodules on his legs. Biopsies from both lesions were consistent with papulonecrotic and nodular tuberculid, respectively. Despite the lack of any respiratory symptoms, induced sputum grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the lesions resolved on antituberculous therapy. Conclusions and Relevance Tuberculids are rare in Western countries but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of eruptions in patients from endemic countries. An active tuberculous focus must be sought out.
Remission of Refractory Benign Familial Chronic Pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey Disease) with the Addition of Systemic Cyclosporine
Authors: Varada Sowmya , Ramirez-Fort Marigdalia K. , Argobi Yahya , Simkin A. David 
Published: March 2015

Background Benign chronic familial pemphigus (BFCP) is an autosomal dominant dermatosis characterized by flares of painful and often debilitating blistering lesions in high friction areas of the body such as the groin, axillae, lateral neck, and intergluteal cleft. Limited knowledge of its pathophysiology has made treatment of BFCP a considerable challenge and efficacy with current first line therapies, topical corticosteroids and antibiotics, is variable. Case Report We present a case of this disease in a 52 year old woman that has responded dramatically to the addition of oral cyclosporine to her existing regimen of oral acitretin, with significant improvement of skin lesions, mobility, and quality of life. Cyclosporine's mechanism of action in BFCP is poorly understood, although it possibly acts through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes or modulation of intracellular calcium. BFCP, the use of cyclosporine for its treatment, and possible mechanisms of action of cyclosporine are reviewed.
Clinical effect of reducing curing times with high-intensity LED lights
Authors: Ward Justin D. , Wolf Bethany J. , Leite Luis P. , Zhou Jing 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical performance of brackets cured with a high-intensity, light-emitting diode (LED) with a shorter curing time.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-four patients and a total of 680 brackets were examined using a randomized split-mouth design. The maxillary right and mandibular left quadrants were cured for 6 seconds with a high-intensity LED light (3200 mW/cm2) and the maxillary left and mandibular right quadrants were cured for 20 seconds with a standard-intensity LED light (1200 mW/cm2). Alternating patients had the quadrants inverted for the curing protocol. The number and date of each first-time bracket failure was recorded from 199 to 585 days posttreatment.

Results:
The bracket failure rate was 1.18% for both curing methods. The proportion of bracket failure was not significantly different between curing methods (P  =  1.000), genders (P  =  1.000), jaws (P  =  .725), sides (P  =  .725), or quadrants (P  =  .547). Posterior teeth exhibited a greater proportion of failures (2.21%) relative to anterior teeth (0.49%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P  =  .065).

Conclusions:
No difference was found in bond failure rates between the two curing methods. Both methods showed bond failure rates low enough to be considered clinically sufficient. The high-intensity LED light used with a shorter curing time may be considered an advantage due to the reduced chair time.
Effects of Acute Hypoglycemia on Working Memory and Language Processing in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Allen Kate V. , Pickering Martin J. , Zammitt Nicola N. , Hartsuiker Robert J. , Traxler Matthew J. , Frier Brian M. , Deary Ian J. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of hypoglycemia on language processing in adults with and without type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty adults were studied (20 with type 1 diabetes and 20 healthy volunteers) using a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp to lower blood glucose to 2.5 mmol/L (45 mg/dL) (hypoglycemia) for 60 min, or to maintain blood glucose at 4.5 mmol/L (81 mg/dL) (euglycemia), on separate occasions. Language tests were applied to assess the effects of hypoglycemia on the relationship between working memory and language (reading span), grammatical decoding (self-paced reading), and grammatical encoding (subject-verb agreement).

RESULTS
Hypoglycemia caused a significant deterioration in reading span (P &lt; 0.001; η2 = 0.37; Cohen d = 0.65) and a fall in correct responses (P = 0.005; η2 = 0.19; Cohen d = 0.41). On the self-paced reading test, the reading time for the first sentence fragment increased during hypoglycemia (P = 0.039; η2 = 0.11; Cohen d = 0.25). For the reading of the next fragment, hypoglycemia affected the healthy volunteer group more than the adults with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.03; η2 = 0.12; Cohen d = 0.25). However, hypoglycemia did not significantly affect the number of errors in sentence comprehension or the time taken to answer questions. Hypoglycemia caused a deterioration of subject-verb agreement (correct responses: P = 0.011; η2 = 0.159; Cohen d = 0.31).

CONCLUSIONS
Hypoglycemia caused a significant deterioration in reading span and in the accuracy of subject-verb agreement, both of which are practical aspects of language involved in its everyday use. Language processing is therefore impaired during moderate hypoglycemia.
Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin Is a Strong Biomarker of Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Geng Peiliang , Ding Yuanyuan , Qiu Lin , Lu Yinying 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE
Inflammation and complement activation initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. We investigated serum MBL levels in patients with diabetes with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Serum MBL levels were determined in 348 patients with diabetes and in 100 healthy control subjects. The prediction value of MBL was compared with diabetes duration, hs-CRP, and other known predictors. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models.

RESULTS
MBL levels on admission were significantly increased in patients with diabetes with DR (P &lt; 0.0001) and vision-threatening DR (VTDR; P &lt; 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for common indictors showed that serum MBL levels ≥3,385 μg/L were an independent predictor of DR (odds ratio [OR] 3.14, 95% CI 1.77–5.57) and VTDR (OR 7.83, 95% CI 3.35–18.31). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of MBL was 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.86) for DR and 0.84 (95% CI 0.74–0.93) for VTDR.

CONCLUSIONS
The current study demonstrated that MBL appears to be an independent biomarker for DR in the Chinese population, suggesting a possible role of MBL in the pathogenesis of DR complications in diabetes.
Effect Of Dyeing On Wrinkle Properties Of Cotton Cross-Linked By Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid (BTCA) In Presence Of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles
Authors: Hezavehi Emadaldin , Shahidi Sheila , Zolgharnein Peyman 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This study evaluates the wrinkle behaviour and wrinkle resistant properties of cotton fabrics dyed by Direct Blue 2B in the presence and absence of nano-TiO2 particles. A finishing process on samples was performed before dyeing by means of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) using a pad dry cure method. Such experiments as wrinkle recovery test (AATCC-128), water drop test and dye fastness determination (ISO 105-C01) were conducted to understand how current treatment impacted the cotton fabrics’ properties. Finally, samples were characterised using the X-ray diffractometery method to scrutinise how crystallinity changes and dominates the structural parameter (wrinkle behaviour) of cotton fabrics. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualise the surface variations of the samples before and after dyeing process. The results showed that the wrinkle resistant of cross-linked fabrics have been improved after direct dyeing. Furthermore, levelness dyeing and good fastness properties of dyes on cross-linked fabrics were observed.
Mechanical Properties Of 3D-Structure Composites Based On Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics
Authors: Chen Si , Long Hai-ru , Liu Ying-hao , Hu Feng-chao 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the mechanical properties (compression and impact behaviours) of three-dimension structure (3D-structure) composites based on warp-knitted spacer fabrics have been thoroughly investigated. In order to discuss the effect of fabric structural parameters on the mechanical performance of composites, six different types of warp-knitted spacer fabrics having different structural parameters (such as outer layer structure, diameter of spacer yarn, spacer yarn inclination angle and thickness) were involved for comparison study. The 3D-structure composites were fabricated based on a flexible polyurethane foam. The produced composites were characterised for compression and impact properties. The findings obtained indicate that the fabric structural parameters have strong influence on the compression and impact responses of 3D-structure composites. Additionally, the impact test carried out on the 3D-structure composites shows that the impact loads do not affect the integrity of composite structure. All the results reveal that the product exhibits promising mechanical performance and its service life can be sustained.