bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term inhibition of ethanol intake by the administration of an aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2)‐coding lentiviral vector into the ventral tegmental area of rats
Authors: Karahanian Eduardo , Rivera‐Meza Mario , Tampier Lutske , Quintanilla María Elena , Herrera‐Marschitz Mario , Israel Yedy 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that acetaldehyde generated from ethanol in the brain is reinforcing. The present studies tested the feasibility of achieving a long‐term reduction of chronic and post‐deprivation binge ethanol drinking by a single administration into the brain ventral tegmental area (VTA) of a lentiviral vector that codes for aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2), which degrades acetaldehyde. The ALDH2 gene coding vector or a control lentiviral vector were microinjected into the VTA of rats bred for their alcohol preference. In the chronic alcohol administration model, naïve animals administered the control vector and subsequently offered 10% ethanol and water ingested 8–9 g ethanol/kg body weight/day. The single administration of the ALDH2‐coding vector prior to allowing ethanol availability reduced ethanol drinking by 85–90% (P < 0.001) for the 45 days tested. In the post‐deprivation binge‐drinking model, animals that had previously consumed ethanol chronically for 81 days were administered the lentiviral vector and were thereafter deprived of ethanol for three 7‐day periods, each interrupted by a single 60‐minute ethanol re‐access after the last day of each deprivation period. Upon ethanol re‐access, control vector‐treated animals consumed intoxicating ‘binge’ amounts of ethanol, reaching intakes of 2.7 g ethanol/kg body weight in 60 minutes. The administration of the ALDH2‐coding vector reduced re‐access binge drinking by 75–80% (P < 0.001). This study shows that endowing the ventral tegmental with an increased ability to degrade acetaldehyde greatly reduces chronic alcohol consumption and post‐deprivation binge drinking for prolonged periods and supports the hypothesis that brain‐generated acetaldehyde promotes alcohol drinking.
Pregnancy after definitive treatment for Graves’ disease – Does treatment choice influence outcome?
Authors: Elston Marianne S. , Tu'akoi Kelson , Meyer‐Rochow Goswin Y. , Tamatea Jade A.U. , Conaglen John V. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundWomen requiring thyroid hormone replacement after definitive therapy (surgery or radioiodine) for Graves’ disease who later conceive require an early increase in levothyroxine dose and monitoring of thyroid hormone levels throughout pregnancy. In addition, as TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) can cross the placenta and affect the fetus, measurement of these antibodies during pregnancy is recommended.AimTo review the management of pregnancies following definitive treatment for Graves’ disease in order to assess the rates of maternal hypothyroidism and TRAb measurement.Materials and MethodsRetrospective chart review of women who had undergone definitive treatment for Graves’ disease at a tertiary hospital and subsequently had one or more pregnancies.ResultsA total of 29 women were identified, each of whom had at least one pregnancy since receiving definitive treatment for Graves’ disease: there were a total of 49 pregnancies (22 in the surgical group and 27 in the radioiodine group). Both groups had high rates of hypothyroidism documented during pregnancy (47 and 50%, respectively). The surgical group was more likely to be euthyroid around the time of conception. Less than half of the women were referred to an endocrinologist or had TRAb measured during pregnancy. Neonatal thyroid function was measured in one‐third of live births. One case of neonatal thyrotoxicosis was identified.ConclusionsAdherence to the current American Thyroid Association guidelines is poor. Further education of both patients and clinicians is important to ensure that treatment of women during pregnancy after definitive treatment follows the currently available guidelines.
The panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. XI. Changing patterns in the birth‐year period 2003–2006
Authors: Himmelmann Kate , Uvebrant Paul 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo describe the epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) in western Sweden.MethodsA population‐based study covering 94 466 live births in the area in 2003–2006. Birth characteristics and neuroimaging findings were recorded, prevalence was calculated and aetiology was analysed.ResultsCP was found in 206 children, including postneonatal cases, corresponding to a crude prevalence of 2.18 per 1000 live births. The gestational age‐specific prevalence for <28 gestational weeks was 71.4 per 1000 live births, while it was 39.6 for 28–31 weeks, 6.4 for 32–36 weeks and 1.41 per 1000 for >36 weeks. Hemiplegia accounted for 44%, diplegia for 29% and tetraplegia for 6%, while 16% had dyskinetic CP and 5% had ataxia. Neuroimaging was available in 95% of the children. This showed maldevelopment in 13%, white matter lesions in 36%, cortical/subcortical lesions in 23% and basal ganglia lesions in 14%. The aetiology was considered to be prenatal in 36% and perinatal/neonatal in 46% and remained unclassified in 18%.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of CP in western Sweden was stable. However, the distribution of CP types changed and the term hemiplegia increased significantly. Among children with CP born extremely preterm, the percentage born before 26 weeks of gestation had increased.
Swedish and American studies show that initiatives to decrease maternal obesity could play a key role in reducing preterm birth
Authors: Gould Jeffrey B. , Mayo Jonathan , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. ,   the March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University School of Medicine
Published: February 2014

AbstractMaternal obesity is a major source of preventable perinatal morbidity, but studies of the relationship between obesity and preterm birth have been inconsistent. This review looks at two major studies covering just under 3.5 million births, from California, USA, and Sweden.ConclusionInconsistent findings in previous studies appear to stem from the complex relationship between obesity and preterm birth. Initiatives to decrease maternal obesity represent an important strategy in reducing preterm birth.
Comparison of open, laparoscopic, and hand‐assisted laparoscopic devascularization of the upper stomach and splenectomy for treatment of esophageal and gastric varices: A single‐center experience
Authors: Akahoshi Tomohiko , Uehara Hideo , Tomikawa Morimasa , Kawanaka Hirofumi , Hashizume Makoto , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic devascularization of the upper stomach and splenectomy (Dev+Sp), is technically difficult in patients with portal hypertension because of enlarged collateral vessels and spleen. This report presents the efficacy and safety of hand‐assisted laparoscopic (HALS) Dev+Sp.MethodsTen patients underwent HALS Dev+Sp as a treatment for esophagogastric varices between 2005 and 2012 (HALS group). A vessel‐sealing system was used for devascularization of vessels. An autosuture device was applied to dissect the splenic hilum and the left gastric and enlarged short gastric vessels. The operative and postoperative data were compared between patients who previously underwent laparoscopic Dev+Sp (LAP group, n = 9) and conventional Dev+Sp (OP group, n = 10) between 2001 and 2008.ResultsThe mean operative time was 328, 336, and 245 min (P < 0.05) and the mean blood loss was 1786, 981, and 250 mL (P < 0.05) in the OP, LAP, and HALS groups, respectively. Laparoscopic surgery was converted to HALS in one patient and to open surgery in three patients. There were no conversions in the HALS group. There was no significant difference in the cumulative recurrence rate and bleeding rate in the groups.ConclusionHALS Dev+Sp is a feasible and effective surgery in patients with portal hypertension.
Physiological changes induced by salt intake in female Spontaneously Diabetic Torii‐Leprfa (SDT fatty) rat, a novel obese type 2 diabetic model
Authors: Katsuda Yoshiaki , Kemmochi Yusuke , Maki Mimi , Sano Ryuhei , Ishii Yukihito , Miyajima Katsuhiro , Kakimoto Kochi , Ohta Takeshi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSalt plays an important role in the control of blood pressure in obesity and diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated physiological changes such as blood pressure and renal function in salt‐loaded female Spontaneously Diabetic Torii‐Leprfa (SDT fatty) rats. SDT fatty rats were given 1% NaCl in drinking water for 14 weeks, from 4 to 18 weeks of age. Significant salt‐sensitive hypertension was observed in the salt‐loaded SDT fatty rats. Moreover, the salt‐loaded rats showed a decrease of creatinine clearance and deterioration on pathological renal findings, including glomerulosclerosis and tubular and interstitial lesions. Female SDT fatty rat is a useful model for investigating the mechanisms of high salt sensitivity in obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Evaluation of image registration spatial accuracy using a Bayesian hierarchical model
Authors: Liu Suyu , Yuan Ying , Castillo Richard , Guerrero Thomas , Johnson Valen E. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryTo evaluate the utility of automated deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms, it is necessary to evaluate both the registration accuracy of the DIR algorithm itself, as well as the registration accuracy of the human readers from whom the “gold standard” is obtained. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to evaluate the spatial accuracy of human readers and automatic DIR methods based on multiple image registration data generated by human readers and automatic DIR methods. To fully account for the locations of landmarks in all images, we treat the true locations of landmarks as latent variables and impose a hierarchical structure on the magnitude of registration errors observed across image pairs. DIR registration errors are modeled using Gaussian processes with reference prior densities on prior parameters that determine the associated covariance matrices. We develop a Gibbs sampling algorithm to efficiently fit our models to high‐dimensional data, and apply the proposed method to analyze an image dataset obtained from a 4D thoracic CT study.
Asking Women about Mental Health and Social Adversity in Pregnancy: Results of an Australian Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Yelland Jane , Brown Stephanie J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundSocial adversity undermines health in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which pregnant women were asked about their mental health and life circumstances in pregnancy checkups.MethodPopulation‐based postal survey of recent mothers in two Australian states.FindingsAround half of the 4,366 participants reported being asked about depression (45.9%) and whether they were anxious or worried about things happening in their life (49.6%); fewer reported being asked about relationship issues (29.6%), financial problems (16.6%), or family violence (14.1%). One in five women (18%) reported significant social adversity. These women were more likely to recall being asked about their mental health and broader social health issues. Far higher levels of inquiry were reported by women in the public maternity system with midwives more likely than doctors to ask about mental health, family violence, and other social hardships.ConclusionsRoutine pregnancy visits afford a window of opportunity for identifying and supporting women experiencing mental health problems and social adversity. Changing practice to take advantage of this opportunity will require concerted and coordinated efforts by practitioners and policy makers to build systems to support public health approaches to antenatal care.
Association of type of renal surgery and access to robotic technology for kidney cancer: results from a population‐based cohort
Authors: Kardos Steven V. , Gross Cary P. , Shah Nilay D. , Schulam Peter G. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Smaldone Marc C. , Sun Maxine , Weight Christopher J. , Sammon Jesse , Han Leona C. , Kim Simon P. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between partial nephrectomy (PN) and hospital availability of robot‐assisted surgery from a population‐based cohort in the USA.MethodsAfter merging the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the American Hospital Association survey from 2006 to 2008, we identified 21 179 patients who underwent either PN or radical nephrectomy (RN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The primary outcome assessed was the type of nephrectomy performed. Multivariable logistic regression identified the patient and hospital characteristics associated with receipt of PN.ResultsWe identified 4832 (22.8%) and 16 347 (77.2%) patients who were treated for RCC with PN and RN, respectively. On multivariable analysis, patients were more likely to receive PN at academic centres (odds ratio [OR] 2.77; P < 0.001), urban centres (OR 3.66; P < 0.001) and American College of Surgeons (ACOS)‐designated cancer centres (OR: 1.10; P < 0.05) compared with non‐academic, rural and non‐ACOS‐designated cancer centre hospitals, respectively. Robot‐assisted surgery availability at a hospital was also associated with a higher adjusted odds of PN compared with centres without that availability (OR 1.28; P < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough academic and urban locations are established factors that affect the receipt of PN for RCC, the availability of robot‐assisted surgery at a hospital was also independently associated with higher use of PN. Our results are informative in identifying other key hospital characteristics which may facilitate greater adoption of PN.
A pooled analysis of individual patient data from registrational trials of silodosin in the treatment of non‐neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Authors: Novara Giacomo , Chapple Christopher R. , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of silodosin in a pooled analysis based on individual patients data from three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing silodosin and placebo.Patients and methodsA pooled analysis of 1494 patients from three 12‐week, similarly designed, parallel‐group, multicentre, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III RCTs (SI04009, SI04010, KMD3213‐IT‐CL 0215) was performed. Differences from placebo for the mean change from baseline to the end of treatment for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and uroflowmetry data were tested using an analysis of covariance model.ResultsAt study end, in the intention‐to‐treat population, silodosin was significantly more effective than placebo in improving IPSS total score (adjusted means differences [AMD] 2.7; P < 0.001). Silodosin was significantly more effective than placebo in improving storage, voiding, and quality‐of‐life‐item subscores (all P < 0.001). Similarly, silodosin was more effective than placebo in improving maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax; AMD 0.8; P = 0.002). The most frequently reported adverse event (AE) was ejaculatory dysfunction, reported in 186 (22%) patients in the silodosin group and six (0.9%) in the placebo group (odds ratio 28.14; P < 0.001). Dizziness and orthostatic hypotension rates were similar in silodosin and placebo groups.ConclusionsSilodosin is an effective treatment for male lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The drug is able to improve total IPSS, all IPSS‐related parameters, and Qmax at uroflowmetry. Ejaculatory dysfunction is the main treatment‐related AE, whereas prevalence of cardiovascular AEs was similar to placebo.
Editorial
Authors: Summers R J 
Published: February 2014

This themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology stems from the 7th in the series of meetings on the Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors (MPGPCR) held at the Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Melbourne Australia from the 6th–8th December 2012.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐5
Myeloid dendritic cells type 2 after allergen inhalation in asthmatic subjects
Authors: Dua B. , Tang W. , Watson R. , Gauvreau G. , O'Byrne P. M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundDendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen‐presenting cells that mediate the response to inhaled allergen. A major division in DC ontogeny exists between myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). A subtype of mDC expressing thrombomodulin, termed myeloid DCs type 2 (mDC2s), has been identified in both the circulation and lung and has recently been suggested to have a role in allergic asthma.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in circulating and sputum mDC2s after allergen inhalation in subjects with asthma.MethodsPeripheral blood and induced sputum were obtained before and 3, 7, and 24 h after inhalation of diluent and allergen from allergic asthmatic subjects who develop both allergen‐induced early‐ and late‐phase responses. mDC2s were measured by flow cytometry. Soluble BDCA‐3 (thrombomodulin) was measured in sputum by ELISA.ResultsThe number of sputum mDC2s significantly increased 24 h after allergen challenge compared with diluent. The expression of BDCA‐3 on sputum mDCs also increased, albeit non‐significantly, at 7 and 24 h after allergen. Soluble BDCA‐3 in sputum and the number of circulating mDC2s were not different between allergen and diluent.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMyeloid DCs type 2 (mDC2s) increase in the sputum of subjects with asthma after allergen challenge, suggesting this subtype of mDC is involved in the regulation of allergen responses in the lung.
Direct comparison of the dynamics of IL‐25‐ and ‘allergen’‐induced airways inflammation, remodelling and hypersensitivity in a murine asthma model
Authors: Yao X. J. , Huang K. W. , Li Y. , Zhang Q. , Wang J. J. , Wang W. , Liu J. , Lv Z. , An Y. Q. , Ding Y. Z. , Corrigan C. J. , Wang W. , Sun Y. C. , Ying S. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundInterleukin‐25 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma from studies on human asthmatics and in murine asthma models.ObjectivesIn this study, we hypothesized that chronic exposure of the airways to IL‐25 alone is able to induce pathogenic changes observed in animal models of asthma.MethodsWe performed a detailed comparison of the dynamics of development of cellular infiltration, cytokine expression and airways remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in mice sensitized and challenged with OVA, a classical model of allergic asthma and those exposed to IL‐25 alone.ResultsIntranasal challenge of BALB/c mice with IL‐25 alone induced a delayed (compared with OVA‐challenge), predominantly eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration into the airways lumen, along with increased production of Th2‐type cytokines, chemokines and collagen, secretion of epithelial mucus, goblet cell hyperplasia, deposition of subepithelial collagen, airways smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and angiogenesis. Correspondingly, IL‐25 as well as OVA challenge both induced airways hyperresponsiveness and increased lung tissue damping. In contrast, IL‐25 exposure did not increase IgE or IgG1 production.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe data suggest that chronic airways exposure to IL‐25 alone is sufficient to induce allergen‐ and IgE‐independent, asthma‐like airways inflammation, remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in mice. Thus, IL‐25 is a key molecular target in asthma, irrespective of the coexistence of IgE‐dependent mechanisms.
Zirconia‐Based Screw‐Retained Prostheses Supported by Implants: A Retrospective Study on Technical Complications and Failures
Authors: Worni Andreas , Kolgeci Lumni , Rentsch‐Kollar Andrea , Katsoulis Joannis , Mericske‐Stern Regina 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is yet available on zirconia‐based prostheses supported by implants.PurposeTo evaluate technical problems and failures of implant‐supported zirconia‐based prostheses with exclusive screw‐retention.Material and MethodsConsecutive patients received screw‐retained zirconia‐based prostheses supported by implants and were followed over a time period of 5 years. The implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation were performed in one clinical setting, and all patients participated in the maintenance program. The treatment comprised single crowns (SCs) and fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) of three to 12 units. Screw‐retention of the CAD/CAM‐fabricated SCs and FDPs was performed with direct connection at the implant level. The primary outcome was the complete failure of zirconia‐based prostheses; outcome measures were fracture of the framework or extensive chipping resulting in the need for refabrication. A life table analysis was performed, the cumulative survival rate (CSR) calculated, and a Kaplan‐Meier curve drawn.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐four implants supported 156 zirconia‐based prostheses in 95 patients (52 men, 43 women, average age 59.1 ± 11.7 years). Sixty‐five SCs and 91 FDPs were identified, comprising a total of 441 units. Fractures of the zirconia framework and extensive chipping resulted in refabrication of nine prostheses. Nearly all the prostheses (94.2%) remained in situ during the observation period. The 5‐year CSR was 90.5%, and 41 prostheses (14 SCs, 27 FDPs) comprising 113 units survived for an observation time of more than 5 years. Six SCs exhibited screw loosening, and polishing of minor chipping was required for five prostheses.ConclusionsThis study shows that zirconia‐based implant‐supported fixed prostheses exhibit satisfactory treatment outcomes and that screw‐retention directly at the implant level is feasible.
Analysis of pulp prognosis in 603 permanent teeth with uncomplicated crown fracture with or without luxation
Authors: Wang Chao , Qin Man , Guan Yue 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo analyze the pulp prognosis of uncomplicated crown‐fractured teeth with or without concurrent luxation injury in adolescent.Material and methodsComplete dental records of traumatized permanent teeth were obtained, including the patient's name, gender and age, position of the traumatized tooth, its stage of root development, time elapsed between dental injury and treatment, diagnosis, clinical procedures, and follow‐up period. Pulp prognosis was evaluated over a period of at least 6 months using Andreasen's classification. Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression were used to examine the risk factors inherent to the prognosis of pulp healing, withP < 0.05 accepted as statistically significant.ResultsThe study involved 603 teeth with uncomplicated crown fractures followed up for 6 months or longer, of which 104 suffered luxation at the same time. The frequency of pulp necrosis in teeth with complete root development was higher than those with incomplete root development. For uncomplicated crown fracture with luxation, crown‐fractured teeth with intrusion had a higher incidence of pulp necrosis than other types of concurrent luxation (OR: 33.613). The incidence of pulp necrosis within 3 months was significantly higher than in other time periods (P = 0.021), and the median survival time was 53 days (95% confidence interval: 34–67 days).ConclusionsExistence of concurrent luxation injury and complete root development are important risk factors of pulp necrosis in teeth with uncomplicated crown fractures in adolescent.