bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of mothers' relationships with their preschoolers
Authors: Esdaile Susan A. , Greenwood Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA survey of mother‐child relationships was conducted in a socially deprived, industrial area of Melbourne, Australia. The paper explores the relationships between child, temperament and behaviour, mother's causal attributions from mother‐child interaction outcomes, their perceived stress and self‐concept as educators of their child. The study included 103 subjects, recruited through community‐based maternal and child health centres. Analysis revealed that mother's low self‐concept as educators of the child was predictive of maternal stress. Also, mothers' ratings of child temperament as difficult or easy affected relationships between mothers' attributions of responsibility for mother‐child interaction outcomes and perceived stress. The implications of these findings are relevant to occupational therapy's role in facilitating healthy relationships between mother and child.
Other worlds and other lives: A study of occupational therapy student perceptions of cultural difference
Authors: Whiteford Gail E 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe research described in this article was a study of 22 first year occupational therapy students at the beginning of their educational programme, ie. Bachelor of Health Science (Occupational Therapy) at the Auckland Institute of Technology. The research design was qualitative with a phenomenological orientation and utilised a semi‐structured interview format. This ‘snapshot’ of occupational therapy students at the beginning of their education constitutes part of a larger, longitudinal study done in conjunction with the school of occupational therapy at the University of British Columbia, Canada. The findings from this phase of the research indicated that students' perceptions of themselves as people influenced their perceptions of cultural difference. Perhaps not surprisingly, prior learning in the shape of work experiences, friendships and travel appeared to be significant influences on the students' perceptions of individuals from differing cultural backgrounds to themselves.There is a need for occupational therapy educators to acknowledge and value the life experiences and skills of their students at entry to the programme. Similarly, issues of culture, cultural difference, race and ethnicity need to be dealt with in the context of a coherent curriculum model with context specific features. Recommendations arising from this research relate to greater articulation of the issues outlined above to students, as well as clear statements regarding the value orientation of the school/department in relation to cultural difference. This is necessary as, in the absence of this information, students are only able to work from a largely assumptive basis. The most important recommendation is that this longitudinal study continue so that more detailed data can be gathered over time that will assist in the development of a deeper understanding of how students develop knowledge and skills in working with individuals who are culturally different over he duration of their educational programme.
Cancer incidence and mortality in Indigenous Australian children, 1997–2008
Authors: Valery Patricia C. , Youlden Danny R. , Baade Peter D. , Ward Leisa J. , Green Adele C. , Aitken Joanne F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report cancer incidence and mortality among Indigenous children in Australia and compare the results with corresponding data for non‐Indigenous children. This information is important in understanding the overall burden of cancer in this population, and where disparities exist, to plan what action is required. Age‐standardized rates, and indirectly standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIRs and SMRs) were calculated for the years 1997–2008. There were 224 cancers identified among Indigenous children (99.5 per million per year) and 52 Indigenous children died from cancer during the study period (22.9 per million per year). The SIR for all cancers was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.56–0.73; P < 0.001) while the SMR was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.61–1.07). These results provide a baseline with which to monitor cancer among Indigenous children over time. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 156–158. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole exome sequencing of pediatric gastric adenocarcinoma reveals an atypical presentation of Li‐Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Chang Vivian Y. , Federman Noah , Martinez‐Agosto Julian , Tatishchev Sergei F. , Nelson Stanley F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundGastric adenocarcinoma is a rare diagnosis in childhood. A 14‐year‐old male patient presented with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, and a strong family history of colon cancer. Clinical sequencing of CDH1 and APC were negative. Whole exome sequencing was therefore applied to capture the majority of protein‐coding regions for the identification of single‐nucleotide variants, small insertion/deletions, and copy number abnormalities in the patient's germline as well as primary tumor.Materials and MethodsDNA was extracted from the patient's blood, primary tumor, and the unaffected mother's blood. DNA libraries were constructed and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq2000. Data were post‐processed using Picard and Samtools, then analyzed with the Genome Analysis Toolkit. Variants were annotated using an in‐house Ensembl‐based program. Copy number was assessed using ExomeCNV.ResultsEach sample was sequenced to a mean depth of coverage of greater than 120×. A rare non‐synonymous coding single‐nucleotide variant (SNV) in TP53 was identified in the germline. There were 10 somatic cancer protein‐damaging variants that were not observed in the unaffected mother genome. ExomeCNV comparing tumor to the patient's germline, identified abnormal copy number, spanning 6,946 genes.ConclusionWe present an unusual case of Li‐Fraumeni detected by whole exome sequencing. There were also likely driver somatic mutations in the gastric adenocarcinoma. These results highlight the need for more thorough and broad scale germline and cancer analyses to accurately inform patients of inherited risk to cancer and to identify somatic mutations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 570–574. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of joint commission international standards to evaluate and improve pediatric oncology nursing care in Guatemala
Authors: Day Sara W. , McKeon Leslie M. , Garcia Jose , Wilimas Judith A. , Carty Rita M. , de Alarcon Pedro , Antillon Federico , Howard Scott C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundInadequate nursing care is a major impediment to development of effective programs for treatment of childhood cancer in low‐income countries. When the International Outreach Program at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital established partner sites in low‐income countries, few nurses had pediatric oncology skills or experience. A comprehensive nursing program was developed to promote the provision of quality nursing care, and in this manuscript we describe the program's impact on 20 selected Joint Commission International (JCI) quality standards at the National Pediatric Oncology Unit in Guatemala. We utilized JCI standards to focus the nursing evaluation and implementation of improvements. These standards were developed to assess public hospitals in low‐income countries and are recognized as the gold standard of international quality evaluation.MethodsWe compared the number of JCI standards met before and after the nursing program was implemented using direct observation of nursing care; review of medical records, policies, procedures, and job descriptions; and interviews with staff.ResultsIn 2006, only 1 of the 20 standards was met fully, 2 partially, and 17 not met. In 2009, 16 were met fully, 1 partially, and 3 not met. Several factors contributed to the improvement. The pre‐program quality evaluation provided objective and credible findings and an organizational framework for implementing change. The medical, administrative, and nursing staff worked together to improve nursing standards.ConclusionA systematic approach and involvement of all hospital disciplines led to significant improvement in nursing care that was reflected by fully meeting 16 of 20 standards. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 810–815. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute onset of ovarian dysfunction in young females after start of cancer treatment
Authors: Mörse Helena , Elfving Maria , Lindgren Anna , Wölner‐Hanssen Pål , Andersen Claus Yding , Øra Ingrid 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundFemale childhood cancer survivors are at risk of ovarian failure and premature ovarian insufficiency. We hereby present an interim analysis of a prospective observational study of ovarian function during cancer treatment of young females in relation to clinical factors.ProcedureThirty‐four consecutive female cancer patients aged 0–18 year were included after informed consent. Serum/Plasma levels of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, FSH, LH, and oestradiol (E2) were measured at diagnosis and every 3–4 months during and after treatment.ResultsAll patients had detectable AMH levels at diagnosis. Eleven patients had reached menarche (mean age 14½ years) and the remaining patients had a mean age of 6½ years. They all showed a rapid decline in AMH after 3 months of treatment, regardless of AMH at diagnosis, age, menarche, or treatment given. Those given radiotherapy below the diaphragm and/or stem cell transplantation (SCT) (n = 9) had no ovarian recovery during or 1½‐year after treatment. However, recovery was observed in those given standard treatment for acute lymphatic leukemia (n = 7) already during maintenance chemotherapy. For the remaining patients, longer follow‐up is required for analysis of ovarian recovery after treatment.ConclusionsRapid ovarian dysfunction is observed in all females after initiation of cancer treatment as measured by AMH and inhibin B. Our data regarding those who require abdominal radiotherapy and/or SCT confirms the recommendations in the Nordic countries where these patients are eligible for cryopreservation of ovarian cortical tissue before start of cancer treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 676–681. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Properties of grafted polymer metal complexes as ion exchangers and its electrical conductivity
Authors: El‐Arnaouty M.B. , Abdel Ghaffar A.M. , Eid M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA polyelectrolyte has been prepared, as a potential proton exchange polymer, by grafting acrylic acid/acrylamide (AAc/AAm) and acrylic acid/acrylonitrile (AAc/AN) comonomers onto a low‐density polyethylene film via gamma irradiation. The developed polymers were characterized by evaluating their physico‐chemical properties such as ion exchange capacity (IEC) and electrical conductivity as functions of grafting yield. The grafted film at different compositions was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. IEC of the grafted film at grafting % 191 and monomer concentration ratio 50:50 for (LDPE‐g‐AAc/AAm) was found to be more than that for (LDPE‐g‐AAc/AN). The electrical conductivity was found to be greatly affected by the comonomer composition, were it increased as the degree of grafting increased for all grafted films. After alkaline treatment with 3% KOH (3% potassium hydroxide), the electrical conductivity of the grafted films found to be increased. The presence of potassium as counter ion maximized the electrical conductivity of the grafted films. The electrical conductivity of Cu‐membrane complexes was higher than that of both Co (cobalt) and Ni (Nickel) complexes. It has been indicated that, the electrical conductivity increased by increasing both Cu ion content and temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Processing and properties of hydrophilic electrospun polylactic acid/beta‐tricalcium phosphate membrane for dental applications
Authors: Hu Hsin‐Tai , Lee Sheng‐Yang , Chen Chien‐Chung , Yang Yen‐Cheng , Yang Jen‐Chang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTypical electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) membranes revealing potential hydrophobicity and inflammation from acid release during degradation are major drawbacks as an ideal guided tissue regeneration (GTR) barrier. This study investigated the in vitro degradation properties of electrospun PLA/beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) membranes treated by polyethylene oxide dip‐coating process. After surface modification, the membranes revealed good wettability in contact angle measurement. The addition of β‐TCP can render good pH buffering properties for electrospun PLA membranes during the in vitro degradation test. The mechanical properties of the hybrid membrane showed no significant difference in suture pullout force at a dried or wetted state. For cell adhesion and proliferation, the membranes with hydrophilicity can enhance the cell attachment at early stage. Overall, these results show that electrospinning combined with dip coating is a feasible processing technology for producing hydrophilic fibrous GTR membranes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Assessment of the Association Between Colchicine Therapy and Serious Adverse Events
Authors: Todd Brittany A. , Billups Sarah J. , Delate Thomas , Canty Kara E. , Kauffman Amy B. , Rawlings Julia E. , Wagner Theresa M. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveAs data that prompted a 2009 labeling change detailing contraindications, precautions, and dosing recommendations for the first branded colchicine product were limited to case reports of myotoxicity and blood dyscrasias ascribed to the drug, we sought to quantify the association of colchicine therapy with serious adverse outcomes in a cohort of insured patients.DesignCase‐control study.Data SourceKaiser Permanente Colorado electronic data warehouses and electronic medical records.PatientsCases were patients with a creatine kinase (CK) level of at least 2000 U/L or who developed a clinically significant non–cancer‐related blood dyscrasia (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, or pancytopenia) between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2009 (954 cases). Each case was matched to up to 10 controls by age, sex, and index date (date of the increased CK level or blood dyscrasia–supporting laboratory value). Controls were patients without elevated CK levels or blood dyscrasias who had a routine health maintenance examination during the same time period (index date was the date of their health maintenance examination [9007 controls]).Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary study outcome was colchicine exposure, defined as a colchicine prescription purchase in the 100 days before the index date. The likelihood of colchicine exposure was examined with conditional logistic regression. Cases experienced a higher rate of previous colchicine exposure compared with controls (0.6% vs 0.2%, odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 1.4–10.7). In addition, cases had higher hospitalization rates (14.9% vs 5.0%, p<0.001), higher mean chronic disease scores (2.5 vs 0.0, p<0.001), and were more likely to have been exposed to drugs that may increase the risk of adverse events due to an interaction with a CYP3A4 inhibitor drug (6.9% vs 2.3%, p<0.001).ConclusionPatients with confirmed elevations in CK level and/or blood dyscrasias had a higher rate of previous colchicine exposure, although low overall, and greater hospitalization rates and exposure to drugs that may increase the risk of adverse events compared with controls. These findings support the 2009 United States Food and Drug Administration labeling for the first branded colchicine product, cautioning use in patients with liver impairment or renal dysfunction and/or those receiving concurrent drugs that may increase risk of adverse events.
Advances in square arrays through self‐assembly and directed self‐assembly of block copolymers
Authors: Hardy Christopher G. , Tang Chuanbing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis review covers recent advances in developing square arrays in thin films using block copolymers. Theoretical and experimental results from self‐assembly of block copolymers in bulk and thin films, directed self‐assembly of block copolymers confined in small wells, on substrates with arrays of posts, and on chemically nanopatterned substrates, as well as applications as nanolithography are reviewed. Some future work and hypothesis are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Electronic structure and the ground‐state properties of cobalt antimonide skutterudites: Revisited with different theoretical methods
Authors: Hammerschmidt Lukas , Schlecht Sabine , Paulus Beate 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe have computed the lattice structure, bulk modulus, electronic structure, and cohesive energies for the CoSb3skutterudite by performing plane wave and atomic basis set DFT, as well as HF atomic basis set calculations. We find that plane wave and atomic basis set DFT calculations compare almost perfectly well. Band gaps vary significantly, depending on the applied functional and subtle changes of the lattice structure of CoSb3. Where LDA strongly overestimates the binding, cohesive energies are reasonably well described by GGA and hybrid DFT functionals within 2 eV in comparison to experiment. HF results are unreasonably far off compared to DFT and experimental values for all calculated properties, which indicates that correlation effects play an important role in the characterization of skutterudites.
Embedded metal nanopatterns for near‐field scattering‐enhanced optical absorption
Authors: Ye Fan , Burns Michael J. , Naughton Michael J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSimulations of metal nanopatterns embedded in a thin photovoltaic (PV) absorber show significantly enhanced absorbance within the semiconductor, with a more than 300% increase for λ = 800 nm. Integrating with AM1.5 solar irradiation, this yields a 70% increase in simulated short circuit current density in a 60 nm amorphous silicon film. Embedding such metal patterns inside an absorber maximally utilizes enhanced electric fields that result from intense, spatially organized, near‐field scattering in the vicinity of the pattern. Appropriately configured (i.e., with a thin insulating coating), this optical metamedium architecture may be useful for increasing PV efficiency in thin film solar cells, including offering prospects for realistic ultrathin hot electron cells.Simulated time averaged power loss density within a‐Si in the vicinity of a silver cross EMN, for unpolarized 700 nm light. magnified image
A fault tolerant control scheme based on sensor–actuation channel switching and dwell time
Authors: Stoican Florin , Olaru Sorin , Seron María M. , De Doná José A. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe present paper proposes a switching control scheme for a plant with multiple sensor–estimator/control–actuator pairs. The scheme is shown to handle the specific stability problems originated by the switching between the different feedback loops and accommodate to faults in the measurement (sensors) channels. The main contribution is a fault tolerant switching scheme with stability guarantees assured by a pre‐imposed dwell time. The detection and the fault tolerance capabilities are achieved through the separation of sets associated with suitable residual signals corresponding to healthy and faulty functioning. Another contribution of the paper resides in a recovery technique for the post‐fault reintegration of the biased estimations. This technique makes use of a virtual sensor whose associated estimation, based on an optimization procedure, minimizes the recovery time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of GABAA receptors suppresses ethanol‐induced upregulation of type 1 IP3 receptors
Authors: Mizuno Koji , Kurokawa Kazuhiro , Ohkuma Seitaro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough Type 1 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs‐1) are one of the major calcium channels to regulate intracellular Ca2+ concentration, there have been few available data how their expression is modified by long‐term exposure to ethanol. The present study attempted to clarify mechanisms of modification of IP3R‐1 expression during long‐term ethanol exposure by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors using mouse cerebral cortical neurons. Long‐term exposure to ethanol induced IP3R‐1 protein upregulation following increased expression of its mRNA. Pretreatment with muscimol, a selective GABAA receptor agonist, significantly suppressed the ethanol‐induced upregulation of IP3R‐1 protein and its mRNA, which was significantly abolished by bicuculline, a selective GABAA receptor antagonist. These results indicate that GABAA receptors negatively regulate the ethanol‐induced upregulation of IP3R‐1 protein expression via the suppression of gene transcription. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amyloid β‐protein suppressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptor‐mediated currents in acutely isolated rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: He Ye‐Xin , Wu Mei‐Na , Zhang Hui , Qi Jin‐Shun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAmyloid β protein (Aβ) is responsible for the deficits of learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The high affinity between Aβ and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) suggests that the impairment of cognitive function in AD might be involved in the Aβ‐induced damage of nAChRs. This study investigated the effects of Aβ fragments on nAChR‐mediated membrane currents in acutely isolated rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons by using whole‐cell patch clamp technique. The results showed that: (1) nonspecific nAChR agonist nicotine, selective α7 nAChR agonist choline, and α4β2 nAChR agonist epibatidine all effectively evoked inward currents in CA1 neurons at normal resting membrane potential, with different desensitization characteristics; (2) acute application of different concentrations (pM–μM) of Aβ25‐35, Aβ31‐35, or Aβ35‐31 alone did not trigger any membrane current, but pretreatment with 1 μM Aβ25‐35 and Aβ31‐35 similarly and reversibly suppressed the nicotine‐induced currents; (3) further, choline‐ and epibatidine‐induced currents were also reversibly suppressed by the Aβ pretreatment, but more prominent for the choline‐induced response. These results demonstrate that the functional activity of both α7 and α4β2 nAChRs in the membrane of acutely isolated hippocampal neurons was significantly downregulated by Aβ treatment, suggesting that nAChRs, especially α7 nAChRs, in the brain may be the important biological targets of neurotoxic Aβ in AD. In addition, the similar suppression of nAChR currents by Aβ25‐35 and Aβ31‐35 suggests that the sequence 31‐35 in Aβ molecule may be a shorter active center responsible for the neurotoxicity of Aβ in AD. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.