bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human temporal‐parietal junction spontaneously tracks others' beliefs: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Hyde Daniel C. , Aparicio Betancourt Mariana , Simon Charline E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHumans have the unique capacity to actively reflect on the thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge of others, but do we also track mental states spontaneously when observing other people? We asked this question by monitoring brain activity in belief‐sensitive cortex using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during free‐viewing of social videos. More specifically, we identified a portion of the right temporal‐parietal junction (rTPJ) selective for mental state processing using an established, explicit theory of mind task, and then analyzed the brain response in that region of interest (ROI) during free‐viewing of video clips involving people producing goal‐directed actions. We found a significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in our rTPJ ROI during free‐viewing for all of our test videos. Activity in this region was further modulated by the extent to which the knowledge state, or beliefs, of the protagonist regarding the location of an object contrasted with the reality of where the object was hidden. Open‐ended questioning suggested our participants were not explicitly focusing on belief states of the characters during free‐viewing. Further analyses ruled out lower‐level details of the video clips or general attentional differences between conditions as likely explanations for the results. As such, these results call into question the traditional characterization of theory of mind as a resource intensive, deliberate process, and, instead, support an emerging view of theory of mind as a foundation for, rather than the pinnacle of, human social cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4831–4846, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Farmers’ Experience, Concerns and Perspectives in Using Reclaimed Water for Irrigation in a Semi‐Arid Region of Crete, Greece
Authors: Petousi I. , Fountoulakis M.S. , Stentiford E.I. , Manios T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPublic acceptance is recognized as an important ingredient for success in any recycling project. In case of reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation, farmers are the key stakeholders, being in a position to accept or reject reclaimed water. During this study, a survey was conducted to determine the perceptions and experience of farmers in a semi‐arid region of Crete, Greece, where a wastewater reuse scheme has already been in operation for about a decade in irrigating olive orchards. Results show that a high proportion (77.4%) of the respondents view the reclaimed water positively for olive tree irrigation. On the other hand, a very low proportion was found for all the other irrigation options, with 7.9% for vegetables, 9.1% for vines and 25.8% for ornamental plants. Irrigation with reclaimed water had a positive impact on olive trees and soil according to about 56 and 40% of respondents respectively. Approximately 46% of farmers expressed willingness to pay for reclaimed water, while 94% of respondents suggested a price of up to €0.15 m−3. A clear correlation was found between levels of trust in the local authority responsible for the scheme and the farmers’ attitude towards reclaimed water. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research advances on potential neurotoxicity of quantum dots
Authors: Wu Tianshu , Zhang Ting , Chen Yilu , Tang Meng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith rapid development of nanotechnology, quantum dots (QDs) as advanced nanotechnology products have been widely used in biological and biomedical studies, including neuroscience, due to their superior optical properties. In recent years, there has been intense concern regarding the toxicity of QDs with a growing number of studies. However, the knowledge of neurotoxic consequences of QDs applied in living organisms is lagging behind their development, while a potential risk of neurotoxicity arises if mass production of QDs leads to increased exposure and distribution in the nervous system. Owing to the quantum size effect of QDs, they are capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier or moving along neural pathways and entering the brain. Nevertheless, the interactions of QDs with cells and tissues in the central nervous system are not well understood. This review highlighted research advances on the neurotoxicity of QDs in the central nervous system, including oxidative stress injury, elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and autophagy to damage in vitro neural cells, and impairments of synaptic transmission and plasticity as well as brain functions in tested animals, with the hope of throwing light on future research directions of QD neurotoxicity, which is a demanding topic that requires further exploration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Freezing of Fresh Wharton's Jelly From Human Umbilical Cords Yields High Post‐Thaw Mesenchymal Stem Cell Numbers for Cell‐Based Therapies
Authors: Fong Chui‐Yee , Subramanian Arjunan , Biswas Arijit , Bongso Ariff 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSome cord blood banks freeze entire pieces of UC (mixed cord, MC) which after post‐thaw yields mixed heterogeneous populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from all its microanatomical compartments. Freezing of such entire tissues results in sub‐optimal post‐thaw cell recovery because of poor cryoprotectant diffusion and intracellular ice‐formation, heat and water transport issues, and damage to intercellular junctions. To develop a simple method of harvesting pure homogeneous MSCs for cord blood banks, we compared the post‐thaw behavior of three groups of frozen UC tissues: (i) freshly harvested WJ without cell separation; (ii) MSCs isolated from WJ (WJSC); and (iii) MC, WJ, and WJSC produced high post‐thaw cell survival rates (93.52 ± 6.12% to 90.83 ± 4.51%) and epithelioid monolayers within 24 h in primary culture whereas post‐thaw MC explants showed slow growth with mixed epithelioid and fibroblastic cell outgrowths after several days. Viability and proliferation rates of post‐thawed WJ and hWJSC were significantly greater than MC. Post‐thaw WJ and WJSC produced significantly greater CD24+ and CD108+ fluorescence intensities and significantly lower CD40+contaminants. Post‐thaw WJ and WJSC produced significantly lesser annexin‐V‐positive and sub‐G1 cells and greater degrees of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation compared to MC. qRT‐PCR analysis of post‐thaw MC showed significant decreases in anti‐apoptotic gene expression (SURVIVIN, BCL2) and increases in pro‐apoptotic (BAX) and cell cycle regulator genes (P53, P21, ROCK 1) compared to WJ and WJSC. We conclude that freezing of fresh WJ is a simple and reliable method of generating large numbers of clinically utilizable MSCs for cell‐based therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 815–827, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Responses of the East Asian winter monsoon to global warming in CMIP5 models
Authors: Xu Mimi , Xu Haiming , Ma Jing 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper studies how the anthropogenic‐induced global warming affects the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) by using 26 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The simulated present‐day EAWM is evaluated and future projections under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios are presented in terms of the climatology and interannual variability. All 26 models can well reproduce the spatial pattern of EAWM climatology and 16 out of the 26 models can reasonably capture major features of interannual variability. The projection made by 26‐model ensemble mean indicate that winter surface air temperature averaged over 20°–60°N, 100°–140°E will increase by 3 °C in RCP4.5 and 5.5 °C in RCP8.5 towards the end of the 21st century. The corresponding regional mean precipitation will increase by 12.3% in RCP4.5 and 21.8% in RCP8.5. The strong warming over high‐latitude North Pacific due to melting sea ice in the Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea leads to significant intensification and a northward shift of the Aleutian Low, resulting in prominent increase in the low‐level northerly along the coastal regions of northeastern Asia. At 500 hPa the characteristic East Asian Trough is projected to weaken slightly and tilt more eastward with latitude. The selected 16‐model ensemble mean projects future enhanced interannual variability of surface air temperature and sea‐level pressure over mid‐latitude North Pacific and high‐latitude East Asia (EA) and reduced variability over eastern China, suggesting that the EAWM will be more variable in the high‐latitude EA and mid‐latitude North Pacific but less variable in East China. Accordingly, the year‐to‐year precipitation variability will be significantly enhanced over high‐latitude EA. Majority of the 26 models project that the leading mode of EAWM interannual variation (the ‘northern mode’) will become more dominant in the warmer climate.
Assessment of NARCCAP model in simulating rainfall extremes using a spatially constrained regionalization method
Authors: Gao Peng , Carbone Gregory J. , Guo Diansheng 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCapturing the intensity and return period of extreme rainfall events in the historic record and projecting them into the future are essential to managing, planning, and designing infrastructure. In this study, we assess the performance of the combination of four General Circulation Models (GCMs) and six Regional Climate Models (RCMs) that comprise the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) and evaluate their performance in simulating rainfall extremes in the continental United States. We adopt a regionalization method to objectively delineate 12 regions in the continental United States with relatively homogenous annual maximum 24‐h rainfall patterns from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data set. We then compare the Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves generated from control simulations of NARCCAP models with those from NARR in each of these regions. We find significant spatial variability of model performance. The models perform reasonably well in many parts of the country, but poorly in the southeastern United States. The GCM providing boundary conditions strongly influences results – output from those RCMs driven by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and Canadian Global Climate Model version 3 (CGCM3) matched the NARR data best. Performance of individual RCMs also varied, often in response to nudging, wherein the regional model is constrained by the GCM fields. We also measure changes in bias‐corrected IDF curves generated from NARCCAP projections of the future. In most regions, most models project intensified 24‐h rainfall events in the future (exceptions include some model‐projected decreases in southern California, the extreme north‐central US, Florida, and the Texas Plains). This study provides a valuable means of assessing NARCCAP models' performance in simulating rainfall extremes at the regional scale and understanding how the GCMs, RCMs, and spatial variability affect model performance.
Temporal Associations Among Chronic PTSD Symptoms in U.S. Combat Veterans
Authors: Doron‐LaMarca Susan , Niles Barbara L. , King Daniel W. , King Lynda A. , Pless Kaiser Anica , Lyons Michael J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present study examined fluctuation over time in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 34 combat veterans (28 with diagnosed PTSD, 6 with subclinical symptoms) assessed every 2 weeks for up to 2 years (range of assessments = 13–52). Temporal relationships were examined among four PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing, and hyperarousal) with particular attention to the influence of hyperarousal. Multilevel cross‐lagged random coefficients autoregression for intensive time series data analyses were used to model symptom fluctuation decades after combat experiences. As anticipated, hyperarousal predicted subsequent fluctuations in the 3 other PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing) at subsequent 2‐week intervals (rs = .45, .36, and .40, respectively). Additionally, emotional numbing influenced later reexperiencing and avoidance, and reexperiencing influenced later hyperarousal (rs = .44, .40, and .34, respectively). These findings underscore the important influence of hyperarousal. Furthermore, results indicate a bidirectional relationship between hyperarousal and reexperiencing as well as a possible chaining of symptoms (hyperarousal → emotional numbing → reexperiencing → hyperarousal) and establish potential internal, intrapersonal mechanisms for the maintenance of persistent PTSD symptoms. Results suggested that clinical interventions targeting hyperarousal and emotional numbing symptoms may hold promise for PTSD of long duration.
Donor site morbidity following DIEP flap for breast reconstruction in Asian patients: Is it different?
Authors: Paik Joo Myong , Lee Kyeong‐Tae , Jeon Byung‐Joon , Lim So‐Young , Pyon Jai‐Kyong , Bang Sa‐Ik , Oh Kap Sung , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundDespite the decrease in donor‐site morbidity with the advent of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction, abdominal complications still occur. There have been few studies on donor morbidity considering the ethnic differences in the Asian population, as represented by a lower BMI with less redundant tissue and a tendency for poor scarring. In the present study, the authors investigated the incidence of abdominal complications and their risk factors following DIEP flap breast reconstruction in an Asian population.Patients and methodsThe authors conducted a retrospective review of DIEP flap based breast reconstructions performed in the past 5 years. Data regarding patient demographics, surgical details, and abdominal complications were collected from our prospectively maintained database and analyzed.ResultsA total of 217 patients who underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction were included. There were 51 abdominal complications (23.5%), including 18 delayed wound healing, 17 hypertrophic scarring, 12 seroma formation, and 8 abdominal bulges with no hernias. Secondary procedures were performed for the donor‐site complications in 36 cases. Flap height was a significant risk factor for overall donor‐site morbidity. Harvesting a bipedicle flap was significantly associated with abdominal fat necrosis and hypertrophic scarring. Harvesting a flap based on perforators from both rows was significantly associated with abdominal delayed wound healing and hypertrophic scarring.ConclusionsDIEP flap breast reconstruction performed in Asian patients showed acceptable donor‐site morbidity without significant complications. This study suggests that donor‐site morbidity from harvesting a DIEP flap is comparable to that described in Western literatures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:596–602, 2015.
Improving tRNAscan‐SE Annotation Results via Ensemble Classifiers
Authors: Zou Quan , Guo Jiasheng , Ju Ying , Wu Meihong , Zeng Xiangxiang , Hong Zhiling 
Published: September 2015

AbstracttRNAScan‐SE is a tRNA detection program that is widely used for tRNA annotation; however, the false positive rate of tRNAScan‐SE is unacceptable for large sequences. Here, we used a machine learning method to try to improve the tRNAScan‐SE results. A new predictor, tRNA‐Predict, was designed. We obtained real and pseudo‐tRNA sequences as training data sets using tRNAScan‐SE and constructed three different tRNA feature sets. We then set up an ensemble classifier, LibMutil, to predict tRNAs from the training data. The positive data set of 623 tRNA sequences was obtained from tRNAdb 2009 and the negative data set was the false positive tRNAs predicted by tRNAscan‐SE. Ourin silicoexperiments revealed a prediction accuracy rate of 95.1 % for tRNA‐Predict using 10‐fold cross‐validation. tRNA‐Predict was developed to distinguish functional tRNAs from pseudo‐tRNAs rather than to predict tRNAs from a genome‐wide scan. However, tRNA‐Predict can work with the output of tRNAscan‐SE, which is a genome‐wide scanning method, to improve the tRNAscan‐SE annotation results. The tRNA‐Predict web server is accessible at http://datamining.xmu.edu.cn/∼gjs/tRNA‐Predict.
Prediction by 13C NMR of regioselectivity in 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of acridin‐9‐yl dipolarophiles
Authors: Vilková Mária , Ungvarská Maľučká Lucia , Imrich Ján 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStrong correlation was found between 13C NMR chemical shifts of dipolarophilic CHCH carbons and regioselectivity in 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of new acridin‐9‐yl dipolarophiles with stable benzonitrile oxides (BNO). Accordingly, two starting dipolarophiles, (acridin‐9‐yl)‐CHCH‐R (R = COOCH3 or Ph), reacted with three BNOs (2,4,6‐trimethoxy, 2,4,6‐trimethyl, and 2,6‐dichloro) to give a mixture of two target isoxazoline regioisomers in which the acridine was bound either to isoxazoline C‐4 carbon (4‐Acr) or C‐5 one (5‐Acr). Methyl 3‐(acridin‐9‐yl)propenoate afforded major 4‐(acridin‐9‐yl)‐isoxazoline‐5‐carboxylates (4‐Acr) and minor 5‐(acridin‐9‐yl)‐4‐carboxylates (5‐Acr). 9‐(2‐Styryl)acridine regiospecifically afforded only 4‐Acr cycloadducts. The ratios of regioisomers were compared with analogous reactions of acridin‐4‐yl dipolarophiles. Regioselectivity was dependent on a polarity of the CHCH bond, donor effects in BNO, and stabilization by stacking of aromatic substituents in the products. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pancreatic pathophysiology in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gibson‐Corley Katherine N , Meyerholz David K , Engelhardt John F 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe pancreas is one of the earliest, and most commonly affected, organs in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Studying the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease is limited in CF patients, due to its early clinical onset, co‐morbidities and lack of tissue samples from the early phases of disease. In recent years, several new CF animal models have been developed that have advanced our understanding of both CF exocrine and endocrine pancreatic disease. Additionally, these models have helped us to better define the influence of pancreatic lesions on CF disease progression in other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Copyright Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Calcium Signaling in B Cell Activation and Biology
Authors: Baba Yoshihiro , Kurosaki Tomohiro 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Increase in intracellular levels of calcium ions (Ca2+) is one of the key triggering signals for the development of B cell response to the antigen. The diverse Ca2+ signals finely controlled by multiple factors participate in the regulation of gene expression, B cell development, and effector functions. B cell receptor (BCR)-initiated Ca2+ mobilization is sourced from two pathways: one is the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and other is the prolonged influx of extracellular Ca2+ induced by depleting the stores via store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. The identification of stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1), the ER Ca2+ sensor, and Orai1, a key subunit of the CRAC channel pore, has now provided the tools to understand the mode of Ca2+ influx regulation and physiological relevance. Herein, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BCR-triggered Ca2+ signaling as well as its contribution to the B cell biological processes and diseases.
Novel X-ray image noise reduction technology reduces patient radiation dose while maintaining image quality in coronary angiography
Authors: ten Cate T. , van Wely M. , Gehlmann H. , Mauti M. , Camaro C. , Reifart N. , Suryapranata H. , de Boer M.J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Aims
The consequences of high radiation dose for patient and staff demand constant improvements in X-ray dose reduction technology. This study assessed non-inferiority of image quality and quantified patient dose reduction in interventional cardiology for an anatomy-specific optimised cine acquisition chain combined with advanced real-time image noise reduction algorithms referred to as ‘study cine’, compared with conventional angiography.

Methods
Fifty patients underwent two coronary angiographic acquisitions: one with advanced image processing and optimised exposure system settings to enable dose reduction (study cine) and one with standard image processing and exposure settings (reference cine). The image sets of 39 patients (18 females, 21 males) were rated by six experienced independent reviewers, blinded to the patient and image characteristics. The image pairs were randomly presented. Overall 85 % of the study cine images were rated as better or equal quality compared with the reference cine (95 % CI 0.81–0.90). The median dose area product per frame decreased from 55 to 26 mGy.cm2/frame (53 % reduction, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the novel X-ray imaging technology provides non-inferior image quality compared with conventional angiographic systems for interventional cardiology with a 53 % patient dose reduction.
The Ethical Challenges of Animal Research
Authors: FERDOWSIAN HOPE R. , GLUCK JOHN P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:In 1966, Henry K. Beecher published an article entitled “Ethics and Clinical Research” in the New England Journal of Medicine, which cited examples of ethically problematic human research. His influential paper drew attention to common moral problems such as inadequate attention to informed consent, risks, and efforts to provide ethical justification. Beecher’s paper provoked significant advancements in human research policies and practices. In this paper, we use an approach modeled after Beecher’s 1966 paper to show that moral problems with animal research are similar to the problems Beecher described for human research. We describe cases that illustrate ethical deficiencies in the conduct of animal research, including inattention to the issue of consent or assent, incomplete surveys of the harms caused by specific protocols, inequitable burdens on research subjects in the absence of benefits to them, and insufficient efforts to provide ethical justification. We provide a set of recommendations to begin to address these deficits.
Les fours à chaux en Grèce
Authors: Demierre Brigitte 
Published: September 2015

Lors des fouilles conduites par l'Ecole suisse en 1998 dans le secteur E/600 NW à Erétrie (Eu-bée), nous avons découvert un four présentant un aménagement peu courant. A double paroi, double bouche et banquette interne, sa configuration était pour le moins inhabituelle (fig. 1-2). En l'absence de toute trace de matériel de cuisson, seule la recherche de parallèles dans les différentes catégories de fours pouvait apporter des informations sur sa fonction initiale. Ma recherche s'est alors orientée principalement vers les fours céramiques et les fours à chaux. En effet, les autres structures analogues, destinées à la métallurgie, la verrerie ou à l'usage domestique, diffèrent sensiblement tant par la forme, la taille et le fonctionnement que par les déchets produits par la fonte du métal ou du verre.A la différence des fours de potier, qui ont suscité un certain nombre de recherches, liées en partie à l'étude des provenances des céramiques locales, les fours à chaux restent peu étudiés. Ils ne produisent, il est vrai, aucune oeuvre d'art. En revanche, les chaufourniers utilisent parfois des marbres sculptés pour obtenir de la chaux.