bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythritol alters microstructure and metabolomic profiles of biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Hashino E. , Kuboniwa M. , Alghamdi S.A. , Yamaguchi M. , Yamamoto R. , Cho H. , Amano A. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe effects of sugar alcohols such as erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol on periodontopathic biofilm are poorly understood, though they have often been reported to be non‐cariogenic sweeteners. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of sugar alcohols for inhibiting periodontopathic biofilm formation using a heterotypic biofilm model composed of an oral inhabitant Streptococcus gordonii and a periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Confocal microscopic observations showed that the most effective reagent to reduce P. gingivalis accumulation onto an S. gordonii substratum was erythritol, as compared with xylitol and sorbitol. In addition, erythritol moderately suppressed S. gordonii monotypic biofilm formation. To examine the inhibitory effects of erythritol, we analyzed the metabolomic profiles of erythritol‐treated P. gingivalis and S. gordonii cells. Metabolome analyses using capillary electrophoresis time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry revealed that a number of nucleic intermediates and constituents of the extracellular matrix, such as nucleotide sugars, were decreased by erythritol in a dose‐dependent manner. Next, comparative analyses of metabolites of erythritol‐ and sorbitol‐treated cells were performed using both organisms to determine the erythritol‐specific effects. In P. gingivalis, all detected dipeptides, including Glu‐Glu, Ser‐Glu, Tyr‐Glu, Ala‐Ala and Thr‐Asp, were significantly decreased by erythritol, whereas they tended to be increased by sorbitol. Meanwhile, sorbitol promoted trehalose 6‐phosphate accumulation in S. gordonii cells. These results suggest that erythritol has inhibitory effects on dual species biofilm development via several pathways, including suppression of growth resulting from DNA and RNA depletion, attenuated extracellular matrix production, and alterations of dipeptide acquisition and amino acid metabolism.
Effects of aerobic conditioning on cardiovascular sympathetic response to and recovery from challenge
Authors: Lindgren M. , Alex C. , Shapiro P. A. , McKinley P. S. , Brondolo E. N. , Myers M. M. , Choi C. J. , Lopez‐Pintado S. , Sloan R. P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractExercise has widely documented cardioprotective effects, but the mechanisms behind these effects are still poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that aerobic training lowers cardiovascular sympathetic responses to and speeds recovery from challenge. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial contrasting aerobic versus strength training on indices of cardiac (pre‐ejection period, PEP) and vascular (low‐frequency blood pressure variability, LF‐BPV) sympathetic responses to and recovery from psychological and orthostatic challenge in 149 young, healthy, sedentary adults. Aerobic and strength training did not alter PEP or LF‐BPV reactivity to or recovery from challenge. These findings, from a large randomized, controlled trial using an intent‐to‐treat design, show that moderate aerobic exercise training has no effect on PEP and LF‐BPV reactivity to or recovery from psychological or orthostatic challenge. In healthy young adults, the cardioprotective effects of exercise training are unlikely to be mediated by changes in sympathetic activity.
Racial identity and autonomic responses to racial discrimination
Authors: Neblett Enrique W. , Roberts Steven O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSeveral studies identify racial identity—the significance and meaning that individuals attribute to race—as a mitigating factor in the association between racial discrimination and adjustment. In this study, we employed a visual imagery paradigm to examine whether racial identity would moderate autonomic responses to blatant and subtle racial discrimination analogues withBlack andWhite perpetrators. We recruited 105AfricanAmerican young adults from a public, southeastern university in theUnitedStates. The personal significance of race as well as personal feelings aboutAfricanAmericans and feelings about how others viewAfricanAmericans moderated autonomic responses to the vignettes. We use polyvagal theory and a stress, appraisal, and coping framework to interpret our results with an eye toward elucidating the ways in which racial identity may inform individual differences in physiological responses to racial discrimination.
The component structure of ERP subsequent memory effects in the Von Restorff paradigm and the word frequency effect in recall
Authors: Kamp Siri‐Maria , Brumback Ty , Donchin Emanuel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe examined the degree to which ERP components elicited by items that are isolated from their context, either by their font size (“size isolates”) or by their frequency of usage, are correlated with subsequent immediate recall. Study lists contained (a) 15 words including a size isolate, (b) 14 high frequency (HF) words with one low frequency word (“LF isolate”), or (c) 14 LF words with one HF word. We used spatiotemporal PCA to quantify ERP components. We replicated previously reported P300 subsequent memory effects for size isolates and found additional correlations with recall in the novelty P3, a right lateralized positivity, and a left lateralized slow wave that was distinct from the slow wave correlated with recall for nonisolates. LF isolates also showed evidence of a P300 subsequent memory effect and also elicited the left lateralized subsequent memory effect, supporting a role of distinctiveness in word frequency effects in recall.
How does cognitive reappraisal affect the response to gains and losses?
Authors: Yang Qiwei , Gu Ruolei , Tang Ping , Luo Yue‐Jia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo investigate the influence of cognitive reappraisal, one important kind of emotion regulation strategy, on psychological and electrophysiological responses to gains and losses, a monetary gambling task was performed in two conditions, that is, spontaneity and regulation. Event‐related potentials (ERP) and self‐rating emotional experiences to outcome feedback were recorded during the task. Cognitive reappraisal reduced self‐rating emotional experience to both gains and losses and the amplitudes of the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and theP3 ofERPs. According to these results, we suggest that the application of cognitive reappraisal strategy significantly modulated the motivational salience of current outcomes, thus weakening the subjective emotional experience elicited. In addition, cognitive reappraisal might have changed the allocation of cognitive resources during outcome evaluation. This study extends emotion regulation studies by applying monetary outcomes as emotional stimuli, and also implicates the significance of emotion regulation in decision‐making processes.
Waveform difference between skin conductance and skin potential responses in relation to electrical and evaporative properties of skin
Authors: Tronstad Christian , Kalvøy Håvard , Grimnes Sverre , Martinsen Ørjan G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe shapes of skin conductance (SC) and skin potential (SP) responses are often similar, but can also be very different due to an unexplained cause. Using a new method to measure SC and SP simultaneously at the same electrode, this difference was investigated in a new way by comparing their temporal peak differences. SC, SP, skin susceptance (SS), and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were recorded from 40 participants during relaxation and stress. The SP response could peak anywhere between the onset of an SC response to some time after the peak of an SC response. This peak time difference was associated with the magnitude of the SCR, the hydration of the skin, and the filling of the sweat ducts. Interpretation of the results in light of existing biophysical theories suggests that this peak difference may indicate the hydraulic capacity state of the sweat ducts at the time of a response.
An event‐related potential study of predictive and integrative semantic context processing in subjects with schizotypal traits
Authors: de Loye Claire , Beaucousin Virginie , Bohec Anne‐Lise , Blanchet Alain , Kostova Milena 
Published: July 2013

AbstractContext processing abnormalities may explain thought disorder in schizophrenia/schizotypy. This study aimed to assess predictive and integrative context processing in subjects with high or low scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The N400 amplitude was recorded during semantic judgment of sentence pairs ending with a lateralized expected or unexpected word from the same or a different category (related and unrelated violation). In both groups, the N400 amplitude was less negative for expected words versus unrelated violations, regardless of which hemisphere received the stimulus, and for related versus unrelated violations, but only for left‐hemisphere stimuli. The N400 amplitude for unrelated violations was less negative in subjects with high SPQ scores for both hemispheres. These results indicate that subjects with schizotypal traits use context to predict or integrate congruent words, but fail to inhibit incongruent words.
Comparison of performance status with peak oxygen consumption in operable patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Roman Michael A. , Koelwyn Graeme J. , Eves Neil D. , Hornsby Whitney E. , Watson Dorothy , Herndon II James E. , Kohman Leslie , Loewen Gregory , Jones Lee W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveIn this era of increasing options for treatment of ‘surgical’ lung cancer patients, preoperative physiologic assessment of accurate patient selection is becoming more important. The variability in an objective measure of cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)) across performance in operable non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients enrolled in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial was compared.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, 392 NSCLC patients underwent an incremental cardiopulmonary cycling exercise test to symptom limitation with expired gas analysis to determine VO2peak. Performance status (PS) was assessed using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) tool.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in VO2peak across increasing ECOG categories (P < 0.0001). However, there was a large range in VO2peak for any given ECOG category with overlap between categories (ECOG 0: 5.0–31.5 mL/kg/min; ECOG 1: 4.3–24.8 mL/kg/min; ECOG 2: 8.9–21.9 mL/kg/min; ECOG 3; 3.3–11.7 mL/kg/min).ConclusionsPS scoring systems do not provide a sensitive measure of functional status. Objective measures such as VO2peak may be a useful in the clinical management of oncology patients.
Racial Disparity Under Sentencing Guidelines: A Survey of Recent Research and Emerging Perspectives
Authors: Johnson Brian D. , Lee Jacqueline G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecent concerns over racial disparities in sentencing have led to dramatic reform in criminal sentencing, including the widespread promulgation of sentencing guidelines that are designed to constrain judicial discretion and create greater fairness, transparency, and equality in punishment. Although there is broad consensus that guidelines have increased uniformity in sentencing, contemporary research continues to identify important racial and ethnic disparities in criminal punishment. This essay reviews recent empirical research on racial and ethnic disparities under guidelines, highlighting recent advancements in the field and identifying important directions for future research.
Crime, Politics, and Punishment: Criminological Research for Political Sociologists
Authors: Stucky Thomas D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAs a sociologist studying the intersection of crime, punishment, and politics, it is often surprising to me how many aspects of political sociology and the study of crime and punishment overlap, and yet, there is often limited cross‐fertilization of the two fields. For the sake of brevity in this discussion, I refer to those who study crime, deviance, law, criminal justice, and punishment as criminologists. My goal is to provide an extremely brief “primer” on criminology for political sociologists, in the hopes that a short reading of some issues and research in criminology may stimulate additional theorizing and research, as has so often happened when I have read political sociological work. To do this, I begin with a brief discussion of overlaps in political sociological and criminological perspectives. Following this, I highlight some examples of criminological research which incorporates politics, and would likely interest political sociologists, Then, I highlight a hot button issue in criminology – sex offenses – and suggest some ways that political sociologists could examine recent legislation on sex offenders and conclude with brief discussions of a few additional areas of overlap for the two disciplines.
Nonviolent Civil Resistance and Social Movements
Authors: Nepstad Sharon Erickson 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch on non‐violent civil resistance has burgeoned in recent years. This field has much in common with the study of social movements, and yet there has been little cross‐fertilization between these literatures. In this article, I review the historical development of non‐violence studies from its Gandhian roots, through an emphasis on strategic non‐violence, to current empirical research that has generated new insights into the strategic interactions between non‐violent movements and their opponents, the effects of repression, the factors shaping movement outcomes, and cross‐national tactical diffusion. I summarize key findings and implications for the field of social movements. I conclude by charting out new areas of inquiry that future researchers ought to explore.
Babesia: impact of cold storage on the survival and the viability of parasites in blood bags
Authors: Cursino‐Santos Jeny R. , Alhassan Andy , Singh Manpreet , Lobo Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBabesia represents one of the major infectious threats to the blood supply since clinically silent infections in humans are common and these can be life‐threatening in certain recipients. It is important to understand the effect of blood storage conditions on the viability of Babesia as this will impact the occurrence and severity of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis.Study Design and MethodsBabesia divergens was introduced into blood bags containing leukoreduced red blood cells (RBCs) and stored at 4°C for 0 to 31 days. Samples were withdrawn for assessment of the presence, morphology, and viability of parasites. Blood smears were made immediately on removal from blood bags at different time intervals and evaluated by blood film microscopy. RBCs withdrawn from the bags were also cultured for 8 days using conditions optimal for parasite reproduction and growth to allow assessment of parasite viability.ResultsAfter 24 hours of storage at 4°C, there was a substantial reduction of parasitemia in the blood bags, which was maintained throughout storage. This decrease was accompanied by a change in morphology of parasites, with the number of altered parasites increasing through the period of storage. However, viability was maintained through 31 days of cold storage with a lag in achieving exponential growth seen in the parasites subjected to longer periods of refrigeration.ConclusionRefrigeration of B. divergens leads to an alteration of parasite morphology and a decrease in parasite numbers. However, there are sufficient parasites that are robust enough to survive 31 days of storage at 4°C and yield high end‐point parasitemia.
Pressure–Slope Momentum Transfer in Ocean Surface Boundary Layers Coupled with Gravity Waves
Authors: Mellor George 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe paper focuses on the consequences of including surface and subsurface, wind-forced pressure–slope momentum transfer into the oceanic water column, a transfer process that competes with now-conventional turbulence transfer based on mixing coefficients. Horizontal homogeneity is stipulated as is customary when introducing a new surface boundary layer model or significantly new vertical momentum transfer physics to an existing model. An introduction to pressure–slope momentum transfer is first provided by a phase-resolved, vertically dependent analytical model that excludes turbulence transfer. There follows a discussion of phase averaging; an appendix is an important adjunct to the discussion. Finally, a coupled wave–circulation model, which includes pressure–slope and turbulence momentum transfer, is presented and numerically executed. The calculated temperatures compare well with measurements from ocean weather station Papa.
A note on ‘Modified proof of Caristi’s fixed point theorem on partial metric spaces, Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2013, 2013:210’
Authors: Aydi Hassen , Karapınar Erdal , Kumam Poom 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this note, we emphasize that the proofs and statements of the main results of the paper ‘Modified proof of Caristi’s fixed point theorem on partial metric spaces’ (Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2013, 2013:210) do not have any utility to use the partial metric. Hence, it has no contribution to either partial metric theory or Caristi-type fixed point problems.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.
A new approach for prediction of tumor sensitivity to targeted drugs based on functional data
Authors: Berlow Noah , Davis Lara E , Cantor Emma L , Séguin Bernard , Keller Charles , Pal Ranadip 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe success of targeted anti-cancer drugs are frequently hindered by the lack of knowledge of the individual pathway of the patient and the extreme data requirements on the estimation of the personalized genetic network of the patient’s tumor. The prediction of tumor sensitivity to targeted drugs remains a major challenge in the design of optimal therapeutic strategies. The current sensitivity prediction approaches are primarily based on genetic characterizations of the tumor sample. We propose a novel sensitivity prediction approach based on functional perturbation data that incorporates the drug protein interaction information and sensitivities to a training set of drugs with known targets.ResultsWe illustrate the high prediction accuracy of our framework on synthetic data generated from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and an experimental dataset of four canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures following application of 60 targeted small-molecule drugs. We achieve a low leave one out cross validation error of <10% for the canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures using a drug screen consisting of 60 targeted drugs.ConclusionsThe proposed framework provides a unique input-output based methodology to model a cancer pathway and predict the effectiveness of targeted anti-cancer drugs. This framework can be developed as a viable approach for personalized cancer therapy.
Transcriptome profiling of peanut gynophores revealed global reprogramming of gene expression during early pod development in darkness
Authors: Xia Han , Zhao Chuanzhi , Hou Lei , Li Aiqin , Zhao Shuzhen , Bi Yuping , An Jing , Zhao Yanxiu , Wan Shubo , Wang Xingjun 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
After the zygote divides few times, the development of peanut pre-globular embryo and fruit is arrested under white or red light. Embryo development could be resumed in dark condition after gynophore is buried in soil. It is interesting to study the mechanisms of gynophore development and pod formation in peanut.

Results
In this study, transcriptome analysis of peanut gynophore was performed using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 to understand the mechanisms of geocarpy. More than 13 million short sequences were assembled into 72527 unigenes with average size of 394 bp. A large number of genes that were not identified previously in peanut EST projects were identified in this study, including most genes involved in plant circadian rhythm, intra-cellular transportation, plant spliceosome, eukaryotes basal transcription factors, genes encoding ribosomal proteins, brassinosteriod biosynthesis, light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and TCA cycle. RNA-seq based gene expression profiling results showed that before and after gynophore soil penetration, the transcriptional level of a large number of genes changed significantly. Genes encoding key enzymes for hormone metabolism, signaling, photosynthesis, light signaling, cell division and growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism as well as genes involved in stress responses were high lighted.

Conclusions
Transcriptome analysis of peanut gynophore generated a large number of unigenes which provide useful information for gene cloning and expression study. Digital gene expression study suggested that gynophores experience global changes and reprogram from light to dark grown condition to resume embryo and fruit development.
Chronic treatment with agomelatine or venlafaxine reduces depolarization-evoked glutamate release from hippocampal synaptosomes
Authors: Milanese Marco , Tardito Daniela , Musazzi Laura , Treccani Giulia , Mallei Alessandra , Bonifacino Tiziana , Gabriel Cecilia , Mocaer Elisabeth , Racagni Giorgio , Popoli Maurizio , Bonanno Giambattista 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Growing compelling evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has demonstrated the primary role of alterations of glutamatergic transmission in cortical and limbic areas in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Chronic antidepressants have been shown to dampen endogenous glutamate release from rat hippocampal synaptic terminals and to prevent the marked increase of glutamate overflow induced by acute behavioral stress in frontal/prefrontal cortex. Agomelatine, a new antidepressant endowed with MT1/MT2 agonist and 5-HT2C serotonergic antagonist properties, has shown efficacy at both preclinical and clinical levels.

Results
Chronic treatment with agomelatine, or with the reference drug venlafaxine, induced a marked decrease of depolarization-evoked endogenous glutamate release from purified hippocampal synaptic terminals in superfusion. No changes were observed in GABA release. This effect was accompanied by reduced accumulation of SNARE protein complexes, the key molecular effector of vesicle docking, priming and fusion at presynaptic membranes.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the novel antidepressant agomelatine share with other classes of antidepressants the ability to modulate glutamatergic transmission in hippocampus. Its action seems to be mediated by molecular mechanisms located on the presynaptic membrane and related with the size of the vesicle pool ready for release.