bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gezamenlijk ouderschap na scheiding: over de interactie tussen de doelstellingen van de Deense wet op de ouderlijke verantwoordelijkheid, de bevindingen in de uitgevoerde wetsevaluatie en de daaropvolgende wetswijzigingen
Authors: Jeppesen de Boer Christina G. 
Published: June 2014

Gezamenlijk ouderschap na scheiding: over de interactie tussen de doelstellingen van de Deense wet op de ouderlijke verantwoordelijkheid, de bevindingen in de uitgevoerde wetsevaluatie en de daaropvolgende wetswijzigingen
In Denemarken en Nederland is sprake geweest van wetgeving die tot doel had, in het belang van het kind, de gelijkheid van ouders ten opzichte van hun kinderen verder te bevorderen. Voor beide landen werd al tijdens de parlementaire behandeling van de wetsvoorstellen toegezegd dat de wetten binnen een termijn van drie jaar zouden worden geëvalueerd. Inmiddels heeft de evaluatie van de Deense wet op de ouderlijke verantwoordelijkheid ook tot wetswijziging geleid. In dit artikel worden de achtergrond van de Deense wetsevaluatie, de evaluatie zelf en de daaropvolgende wetswijzigingen behandeld. Daarna wordt kritisch gekeken naar de interactie tussen de wetsevaluatie en de daaropvolgende wetswijzigingen. De vragen die hier rijzen, betreffen de doelstellingen van de wetsevaluatie. Wat werd beoogd? Moest de wet zich bewijzen of werd alleen beoogd de eventuele scherpe randjes van de wet af te halen? In hoeverre zijn de bevindingen verwerkt in de daaropvolgende wetswijzigingen? Ten slotte wordt het gezamenlijk ouderschap na evaluatie in perspectief gebracht.---Recent developments in Danish and Dutch legislation have provided norms which were directed at furthering equality between parents, in the interest of the child. In both countries, it was promised in the course of the parliamentary deliberations that the enacted legislation would be evaluated within a period of three years. The Danish evaluation led to new legislation being enacted. In this article the background for the Danish evaluation, the findings in the evaluation en the resulting legislative changes are deliberated. Subsequently, the interaction between the evaluation and the resulting changes is critically analysed. An essential question concerns the purpose of the evaluation. What was envisaged? That the stated aims were realised? Or just the elimination of sharp edges of the legislation? To what extent were the findings in the evaluation taken into account in the subsequent legislative changes? Finally, joint parenting after evaluation will be brought into perspective.
De technologie van toegang tot het recht
Authors: Verdonschot J.H. 
Published: June 2014

The technology of access to justice
Current trends in the delivery of legal services create the opportunity to develop a new generation of access to justice platforms. On the basis of two examples, the author illustrates how this can work. M-Sheria is a technology-based access to justice service that serves the poor in Kenya. It combines state of the art information technology (USSD, SMS, internet) and human technology (community paralegals and pro bono advocates) to help slum dwellers solve their legal problems. Rechtwijzer 2.0 is an internet-based platform that provides online human and technology-facilitated support to people with a legal problem in the Netherlands. These examples show how processes and professionals can be innovated to facilitate dispute resolution in delivering information and interventions just in time.
The Right to Have Rights as the Right to Asylum
Authors: Oudejans Nanda 
Published: June 2014

The Right to Have Rights as the Right to Asylum
This article argues that the right to have rights, as launched by Hannah Arendt, is relative to refugee displacement and hence translates as a right to asylum. It takes issue with the dominant view that the public/private divide is the locus classicus of the meaning of this primordial right. A different direction of thought is proposed, proceeding from Arendt’s recovery of the spatiality of law. The unencompassibility of place in matters of rights, freedom and equality brings this right into view as a claim at the behest of those who have lost a legal place of their own. This also helps us to gain better understanding of Arendt’s rebuttal of the sharp-edged distinction between refugees and stateless persons and to discover the defiant potential of the right to have rights to illuminate the refugee’s claim to asylum as a claim to an own place where protection can be enjoyed again.
Kleurenblind de criminaliteit te lijf?
Authors: van der Leun Joanne P. , van der Woude Maartje 
Published: June 2014

Fighting crime colourblind? A broader look at selective criminal justice policy, beyond the ethnic profiling discussion
By rephrasing and reshaping specific criminal justice and security policies, the Dutch government has been struggling for a while in trying to find its course on how to address crime problems in its multicultural society in a politically correct – non discriminatory – way. In this article we focus on government selectivity by examining the development of criminal justice policy in the Netherlands. To what extent does the government take a stand in favor of or against special – and therefore selective – attention for people with a minority background?
ZSM, Zo Selectief Mogelijk…
Authors: Bac Johan , Vink Machiel 
Published: June 2014

ASAP: As Selective As Possible… Triage in the criminal justice system
The Dutch abbreviation ‘ZSM’ literally means ASAP. In the Dutch criminal justice system, it stands for a response to a crime ‘as speedy, selective, smart and supportive for victims as possible’. The project was initiated by the Public Prosecution Service and the Police, and it also involves the Dutch Probation Services, Victim Support Netherlands and the Child Care and Protection Board. The goal of ZSM is to assure meaningful and fast interventions, based on quality and effectiveness for society, including suspects and victims. To reach this goal, the Public Prosecutor is situated at the front of the criminal justice chain and triages the high volume crimes to determine the best procedure for a case, in cooperation with the partners.
Cicero en de constitutionele dialoog
Authors: Witteveen W.J. 
Published: June 2014

Cicero en de constitutionele dialoog
In deze bijdrage wordt een dialoog van Cicero, Over de wetten, in zijn receptiegeschiedenis geanalyseerd. Daarbij blijken systematische en fragmentarische interpretaties elkaar aan te kunnen vullen. De constitutionele dialoog die in deze tekst naar voren komt, biedt voorts inzicht in de combinatie van macht en onmacht die ook eigentijdse pogingen tot constitutionele dialoog kenmerkt.
Fiscale opfrisser, een opmerkelijk vonnis en de rekenrente naar minder dan 2%
Authors: van Dort R.M.J.T. 
Published: June 2014

Fiscale opfrisser, een opmerkelijk vonnis en de rekenrente naar minder dan 2%
In dit artikel zet de auteur de fiscale beoordeling van schadevergoedingen bij letselschade uiteen aan de hand van rechtspraak en literatuur, de hoofdregels in dat kader, maar ook de uitzonderingen daarop. Tevens geeft hij zijn visie op een vonnis waarin de rechtbank naar zijn opvatting nogal opmerkelijk oordeelt over begroting van schade van een ondernemer en daarbij vergaand abstraheert van de feitelijke omstandigheden. Ten slotte bespreekt de auteur zijn visie op de rekenrente voor berekening van toekomstschade, die naar zijn mening op minder dan 2% dient te worden gesteld.
De grondrechtelijke positie van de jongensbesnijdenis
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Aernout 
Published: June 2014

Circumcision of male minors; a fundamental rights’ perspective
On the one hand, the religiously motivated circumcision of male minors is a manifestation of the right to freedom of religion. On the other hand, circumcision is an interference with the right to physical integrity. This article makes an effort to explain the fundamental rights’ position of male minor circumcision, dealing as well with the right to freedom of religion of the male minor, with some medical aspects, and with the difference between the circumcision of boys and girls. The article results in a discussion of the question, if specific regulation is required, in view of the recent discussion about the legitimacy of circumcision of male minors.
Transmission à rebours, filiation inversée, socialisation ascendante : regards renversés sur les rapports de générations
Authors: Lobet Delphine , Cavalcante Lidia Eugenia 
Published: June 2014

Cet article introductif propose un aperçu de la situation présente de la recherche en sciences sociales sur la question des rapports de génération étudiés dans le sens inverse au sens habituel, c’est-à-dire dans le sens enfants-parents. Comment la recherche traite-t-elle cette importante question de la transmission à rebours, de la socialisation inversée, de la filiation ascendante, en bref comment traite-t-elle cette question : que font les enfants à leurs parents et à leur famille? Il propose ensuite de réfléchir au contexte actuel de l’accélération des savoirs : quel impact la société de l’information multiconnectée peut-elle avoir sur les rapports parents-enfants en ce qui concerne la transmission et la socialisation, précisément? Enfin, nous reviendrons sur les « trouvailles », sur les principales découvertes que les auteurs de ce numéro d’Enfances Familles Générations ont retirées de l’exercice de renversement du regard auquel ils se sont prêtés.
« Enfant abandonné en Chine, puis domestiqué en France? Qu’est-ce que je suis pour eux?! ». Obligations familiales à rebours des enfants migrants d’origine chinoise à Paris
Authors: Wang Simeng 
Published: June 2014

S’appuyant sur une enquête de terrain effectuée pendant trois ans dans la région parisienne auprès de jeunes d'origine chinoise qui consultent dans le secteur public ou privé de la psychiatrie, cet article1 se focalise sur la relation entre ces derniers et leurs parents, et notamment sur le phénomène des « obligations familiales à rebours ». Il montre comment ces enfants migrants font bénéficier leurs parents de diverses ressources acquises ou liées au pays d’accueil. Au travers d'analyses sur le processus des migrations en deux temps – le délai entre la ou les migrations des parents et celle de l'enfant peut être de plus de dix ans –, l'auteure met d'abord en exergue trois formes d’obligations familiales à rebours : culturelle, économique et administrative, ainsi que leurs logiques sous-jacentes. Ensuite, sont prises en considération les réactions des jeunes concernés par ce phénomène : après avoir décrit leurs réflexions sur le fait de se sentir « obligés » de se mettre à la disposition de leurs parents, l'auteure examine les stratégies qu'ils adoptent pour contourner ces obligations familiales à rebours par l’intermédiaire du monde extérieur (école, travail, lieu de soin, association, etc.) où ils souhaitent ouvrir le champ des possibles.
L’halal à l’épreuve de la socialisation inversée
Authors: Rodier Christine 
Published: June 2014

Les pratiques des descendants de migrants sont souvent analysées à la lumière d’un « ici » et d’un « là-bas » que l’acteur articule sans cesse sans jamais s’en départir. Ce « là-bas » insinue que la culture du pays d’origine est « hors du temps », et où l’histoire serait constamment rabattue sur la culture. La notion même d’un « ici » et d’un « là-bas » ou d’un « entre-deux » insinue que les adolescents descendants de migrants seraient tiraillés constamment entre un ailleurs et un présent et, par conséquent, ne disposeraient au quotidien que d’une marge de manoeuvre réduite, voire inexistante. Cette articulation conduirait de fait à des états de crises et de fortes tensions entre, d’une part, les adolescents et leurs parents et, d’autre part, les adolescents et la société dans son ensemble. Notre objectif, à travers cette contribution, est de comprendre comment, à travers la consommation de produits halal, de nombreux adolescents interrogent les pratiques alimentaires de leurs parents et l’« exotisme » dont celles-ci font l’objet tant de la part des grandes surfaces que du regard porté par les « autres », désignant pour certains adolescents les « Français ». Plus précisément, la socialisation inversée mise au jour par divers travaux (Gollety, 1999; Young, 2003) s’observe dans les pratiques alimentaires des descendants de migrants. Les descendants des migrants adhèrent à un islam qu’ils jugent « savant », à l’opposé de l’islam de leurs parents, et interfèrent dans la transmission parentale au profit d’une transmission horizontale avec des individus de même génération et d’une diffusion par le biais de la mosquée d’un savoir livresque et d’une approche scripturaire. Ce mode de transmission leur apparaissait légitime, car il repose sur le texte qui suffit à justifier le respect de telle ou telle pratique. Cette socialisation inversée à travers l’halal s’inscrit dans un nouveau rapport à la foi, à son contenu et à ses formes.
Solar filament impact on 21 January 2005: Geospace consequences
Authors: Kozyra J. U. , Liemohn M. W. , Cattell C. , De Zeeuw D. , Escoubet C. P. , Evans D. S. , Fang X. , Fok M.‐C. , Frey H. U. , Gonzalez W. D. , Hairston M. , Heelis R. , Lu G. , Manchester W. B. , Mende S. , Paxton L. J. , Rastaetter L. , Ridley A. , Sandanger M. , Soraas F. , Sotirelis T. , Thomsen M. W. , Tsurutani B. T. , Verkhoglyadova O. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOn 21 January 2005, a moderate magnetic storm produced a number of anomalous features, some seen more typically during superstorms. The aim of this study is to establish the differences in the space environment from what we expect (and normally observe) for a storm of this intensity, which make it behave in some ways like a superstorm. The storm was driven by one of the fastest interplanetary coronal mass ejections in solar cycle 23, containing a piece of the dense erupting solar filament material. The momentum of the massive solar filament caused it to push its way through the flux rope as the interplanetary coronal mass ejection decelerated moving toward 1 AU creating the appearance of an eroded flux rope (see companion paper by Manchester et al. (2014)) and, in this case, limiting the intensity of the resulting geomagnetic storm. On impact, the solar filament further disrupted the partial ring current shielding in existence at the time, creating a brief superfountain in the equatorial ionosphere—an unusual occurrence for a moderate storm. Within 1 h after impact, a cold dense plasma sheet (CDPS) formed out of the filament material. As the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) rotated from obliquely to more purely northward, the magnetotail transformed from an open to a closed configuration and the CDPS evolved from warmer to cooler temperatures. Plasma sheet densities reached tens per cubic centimeter along the flanks—high enough to inflate the magnetotail in the simulation under northward IMF conditions despite the cool temperatures. Observational evidence for this stretching was provided by a corresponding expansion and intensification of both the auroral oval and ring current precipitation zones linked to magnetotail stretching by field line curvature scattering. Strong Joule heating in the cusps, a by‐product of the CDPS formation process, contributed to an equatorward neutral wind surge that reached low latitudes within 1–2 h and intensified the equatorial ionization anomaly. Understanding the geospace consequences of extremes in density and pressure is important because some of the largest and most damaging space weather events ever observed contained similar intervals of dense solar material.
Welding of pyroclastic conduit infill: A mechanism for cyclical explosive eruptions
Authors: Kolzenburg S. , Russell J. K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVulcanian‐style eruptions are small‐ to moderate‐sized, singular to cyclical events commonly having volcanic explosivity indices of 1–3. They produce pyroclastic flows, disperse tephra over considerable areas, and can occur as precursors to larger (e.g., Plinian) eruptions. The fallout deposits of the 2360 B.P. eruption of Mount Meager, BC, Canada, contain bread‐crusted blocks of welded breccia as accessory lithics. They display a range of compaction/welding intensity and provide a remarkable opportunity to constrain the nature and timescales of mechanical processes operating within explosive volcanic conduits during repose periods between eruptive cycles. We address the deformation and porosity/permeability reduction within natural pyroclastic deposits infilling volcanic conduits. We measure the porosity, permeability, and ultrasonic wave velocities for a suite of samples and quantify the strain recorded by pumice clasts. We explore the correlations between the physical properties and deformation fabric. Based on these correlations, we reconstruct the deformation history within the conduit, model the permeability reduction timescales, and outline the implications for the repressurization of the volcanic conduit. Our results highlight a profound directionality in the measured physical properties of these samples related to the deformation‐induced fabric. Gas permeability varies drastically with increasing strain and decreasing porosity along the compaction direction of the fabric but varies little along the elongation direction of the fabric. The deformation fabric records a combination of compaction within the conduit and postcompaction stretching associated with subsequent eruption. Model timescales of these processes are in good agreement with repose periods of cyclic vulcanian eruptions.
Spatial variability and landscape controls of near‐surface permafrost within the Alaskan Yukon River Basin
Authors: Pastick Neal J. , Jorgenson M. Torre , Wylie Bruce K. , Rose Joshua R. , Rigge Matthew , Walvoord Michelle A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe distribution of permafrost is important to understand because of permafrost's influence on high‐latitude ecosystem structure and functions. Moreover, near‐surface (defined here as within 1 m of the Earth's surface) permafrost is particularly susceptible to a warming climate and is generally poorly mapped at regional scales. Subsequently, our objectives were to (1) develop the first‐known binary and probabilistic maps of near‐surface permafrost distributions at a 30 m resolution in the Alaskan Yukon River Basin by employing decision tree models, field measurements, and remotely sensed and mapped biophysical data; (2) evaluate the relative contribution of 39 biophysical variables used in the models; and (3) assess the landscape‐scale factors controlling spatial variations in permafrost extent. Areas estimated to be present and absent of near‐surface permafrost occupy approximately 46% and 45% of the Alaskan Yukon River Basin, respectively; masked areas (e.g., water and developed) account for the remaining 9% of the landscape. Strong predictors of near‐surface permafrost include climatic indices, land cover, topography, and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus spectral information. Our quantitative modeling approach enabled us to generate regional near‐surface permafrost maps and provide essential information for resource managers and modelers to better understand near‐surface permafrost distribution and how it relates to environmental factors and conditions.
Morphology and dynamics of explosive vents through cohesive rock formations
Authors: Galland O. , Gisler G. R. , Haug Ø. T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractShallow explosive volcanic processes, such as kimberlite volcanism and phreatomagmatic and phreatic activity, produce volcanic vents exhibiting a wide variety of morphologies, including vertical pipes and V‐shaped vents. In this study we report on experimental and numerical models designed to capture a range of vent morphologies in an eruptive system. Using dimensional analysis, we identified key governing dimensionless parameters, in particular the gravitational stress‐to‐fluid pressure ratio (Π2 = P/ρgh) and the fluid pressure‐to‐host rock strength ratio (Π3 = P/C). We used combined experimental and numerical models to test the effects of these parameters. The experiments were used to test the effect of Π2 on vent morphology and dynamics. A phase diagram demonstrates a separation between two distinct morphologies, with vertical structures occurring at high values of Π2 and diagonal ones at low values of Π2. The numerical simulations were used to test the effect of Π3 on vent morphology and dynamics. In the numerical models we see three distinct morphologies: vertical pipes are produced at high values of Π3, diagonal pipes at low values of Π3, and horizontal sills at intermediate values of Π3. Our results show that vertical pipes form by plasticity‐dominated yielding in high‐energy systems (high Π2 and Π3), whereas diagonal and horizontal vents dominantly form by fracturing in lower energy systems (low Π2 and Π3). Although our models are two‐dimensional, they suggest that circular pipes result from plastic yielding of the host rock in a high‐energy regime, whereas V‐shaped volcanic vents result from fracturing of the host rock in lower energy systems.
Low organic carbon burial efficiency in arctic lake sediments
Authors: Sobek S. , Anderson N. J. , Bernasconi S. M. , Del Sontro T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMany arctic landscapes are rich in lakes that store large quantities of organic carbon in their sediments. While there are indications of highly efficient carbon burial in high‐latitude lakes, the magnitude and efficiency of carbon burial in arctic lake sediments, and thus their potential as carbon sinks, has not been studied systematically. We therefore investigated the burial efficiency of organic carbon (OC), defined as the ratio between OC burial and OC deposition onto the sediment, in seven contrasting lakes in western Greenland representing different arctic lake types. We found that the OC burial efficiency was generally low in spite of the differences between lake types (mean 22%, range 11–32%), and comparable to lakes in other climates with similar organic matter source and oxygen exposure time. Accordingly, post‐depositional degradation of sediment organic matter was evident in the organic matter C:N ratio, δ13C and δ15N values during the initial ~50 years after deposition, and proceeds simultaneously with long‐term changes in, e.g., productivity and climate. Pore water profiles of dissolved methane suggest that post‐depositional degradation may continue for several centuries in these lakes, at very low rates. Our results demonstrate that the regulation of the sediment OC burial efficiency is no different in arctic lakes than in other lakes, implying that the efficiency of the carbon sink in lake sediments depends similarly on environmental conditions irrespective of latitude.