bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Trial of Prazosin, an Alpha‐1 Adrenergic Antagonist, for Comorbid Alcohol Dependence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Simpson Tracy L. , Malte Carol A. , Dietel Bergetta , Tell Dana , Pocock Ian , Lyons Robert , Varon Dana , Raskind Murray , Saxon Andrew J. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD) commonly co‐occur and are associated with greater symptom severity and costs than either disorder alone. No pharmacologic interventions have been found to decrease both alcohol use and PTSD symptom severity relative to matched placebo. Prazosin, an alpha‐1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, has demonstrated the efficacy of reducing PTSD and AD symptoms among individuals with one or the other disorder and may be useful in addressing comorbid PTSD/AD.MethodsPrazosin and matched placebo were compared in the context of an outpatient 6‐week double‐blind randomized controlled pilot trial involving 30 individuals with comorbid PTSD/AD. Medication was titrated to 4 mg q am, 4 mg q pm and 8 mg qhs by the end of week 2. Participants in both conditions received 5 medical management sessions. Information regarding alcohol use, craving, and PTSD was gathered daily using a telephone interactive voice response system.ResultsParticipants randomized to prazosin had a greater reduction in percent days drinking per week and percent days heavy drinking per week between baseline and week 6 than did placebo participants. No significant differences were detected within or between groups in change from weeks 1 to 6 in total PTSD symptoms. Participants in the prazosin condition reported drowsiness on significantly more days than those in the placebo condition.ConclusionsConsistent with the extant research evaluating medications for comorbid PTSD/AD, the current evaluation of prazosin also found decreased alcohol consumption but no medication effect on PTSD symptomatology.
Alcohol‐Preferring P Rats Emit Spontaneous 22‐28 kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations that are Altered by Acute and Chronic Alcohol Experience
Authors: Reno James M. , Thakore Neha , Gonzales Rueben , Schallert Timothy , Bell Richard L. , Maddox W. Todd , Duvauchelle Christine L. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundEmotional states are often thought to drive excessive alcohol intake and influence the development of alcohol use disorders. To gain insight into affective properties associated with excessive alcohol intake, we utilized ultrasonic vocalization (USV) detection and analyses to characterize the emotional phenotype of selectively bred alcohol‐preferring (P) rats; an established animal model of excessive alcohol intake. USVs emitted by rodents have been convincingly associated with positive (50‐55 kHz frequency‐modulated [FM]) and negative (22‐28 kHz) affective states. Therefore, we hypothesized that 50‐55 and 22‐28 kHz USV emission patterns in P rats would reveal a unique emotional phenotype sensitive to alcohol experience.Methods50‐55 kHz FM and 22‐28 kHz USVs elicited from male P rats were assessed during access to water, 15 and 30% EtOH (v/v). Ethanol (EtOH; n = 12) or water only (Control; n = 4) across 8 weeks of daily drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) sessions.ResultsSpontaneous 22‐28 kHz USVs are emitted by alcohol‐naïve P rats and are enhanced by alcohol experience. During DID sessions when alcohol was not available (e.g., “EtOH OFF” intervals), significantly more 22‐28 kHz than 50‐55 kHz USVs were elicited, while significantly more 50‐55 kHz FM than 22‐28 kHz USVs were emitted when alcohol was available (e.g., “EtOH ON” intervals). In addition, USV acoustic property analyses revealed chronic effects of alcohol experience on 22‐28 kHz USV mean frequency, indicative of lasting alcohol‐mediated alterations to neural substrates underlying emotional response.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that acute and chronic effects of alcohol exposure are reflected in changes in 22‐28 and 50‐55 kHz FM USV counts and acoustic patterns. These data support the notion that initiation and maintenance of alcohol intake in P rats may be due to a unique, alcohol‐responsive emotional phenotype and further suggest that spontaneous 22‐28 kHz USVs serve as behavioral markers for excessive drinking vulnerability.
Impulsive Choice Predicts Anxiety‐Like Behavior, but not Alcohol or Sucrose Consumption, in Male Long‐Evans Rats
Authors: Stein Jeffrey S. , Renda C. Renee , Barker Shayne M. , Liston Kennan J. , Shahan Timothy A. , Madden Gregory J. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundPrior human research indicates robust, positive relations between impulsive choice (i.e., preference for smaller, immediate over larger, delayed rewards) and alcohol use disorders. However, varied findings in the nonhuman literature reveal a relatively ambiguous relation between impulsive choice and alcohol consumption in rodents. In addition, few rodent studies have investigated potential relations between impulsive choice and common covariates of alcohol consumption (e.g., avidity for sweet substances or anxiety‐like behavior).MethodsNinety‐two male Long‐Evans rats completed an impulsive‐choice task. From this larger sample, extreme high‐ and low‐impulsive groups (n = 30 each) were retained for further testing. In separate tests, subsequent open‐field behavior and consumption of oral alcohol (12% w/v) and isocaloric sucrose were examined. Impulsive choice was then retested to examine whether behavior remained stable over the course of the experiment.ResultsNo significant relations emerged between impulsive choice and either alcohol or sucrose consumption. However, impulsive choice predicted greater anxiety‐like behavior (avoidance of the center field, defecation) in the open‐field test. In turn, greater anxiety predicted lower alcohol and sucrose consumption. Finally, choice remained generally stable across the experiment, although high‐impulsive rats tended toward less impulsive choice in the retest.ConclusionsAlthough impulsive choice and alcohol consumption appear to share some variance with anxiety‐like behavior, the present data offer no support for a relation between impulsive choice and alcohol consumption in Long‐Evans rats. Together with mixed rodent data from prior reports, these findings attenuate cross‐species comparisons to human relations between impulsive choice and alcohol use disorders.
Treatment of face and scalp solar (actinic) keratosis with daylight‐mediated photodynamic therapy is possible throughout the year in Australia: Evidence from a clinical and meteorological study
Authors: Spelman Lynda , Rubel Diana , Murrell Dedee F , See Jo‐Ann , Hewitt Daniel , Foley Peter , Salmon Robert , Kerob Delphine , Pascual Thierry , Shumack Stephen , Fernandez‐Penas Pablo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSolar (actinic) keratosis (AK) is an emergent concern worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of development of non‐melanoma skin cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma. Daylight‐mediated photodynamic therapy (DL‐PDT) using methyl aminolaevulinate cream has proved to be an effective, nearly painless, and more convenient alternative to conventional PDT for the treatment of AK. In a phase III, randomised, controlled trial performed in Australia, the mean irradiance (light intensity) received by patients during DL‐PDT treatment, assessed via a spectroradiometer, was 305 W/m2 (min. 40 to max. 585 W/m2) with similar efficacy irrespective of intensity or dose. The objective of the present meteorological study was to assess the suitability of natural daylight to perform DL‐PDT for the treatment of face and scalp AK during different periods of the year and different geographical locations and latitudes across Australia.MethodsTo determine daylight irradiance during a complete year in eight different geographical locations throughout Australia, we used meteorological software (Meteonorm, Meteotest, Bern, Switzerland), and available solar radiation and weather data from 1986–2005.ResultsThe average daily irradiance remained within the levels (40–585 W/m2) measured during the clinical DL‐PDT study in Australia, throughout the year and in all geographical locations investigated (yearly average from Darwin 548 W/m2 to Hobart 366 W/m2).ConclusionsDL‐PDT for the treatment of face and scalp AK in Australia can be performed effectively throughout the entire year as long as weather conditions permit daylight exposure and allow participants to remain under direct light for 2 h.
Patient experiences and outcomes following facial skin cancer surgery: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee Erica H , Klassen Anne F , Lawson Jessica L , Cano Stefan J , Scott Amie M , Pusic Andrea L 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEarly melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer of the facial area are primarily treated with surgery. Little is known about the outcomes of treatment for facial skin cancer patients. The objective of the study was to identify concerns about aesthetics, procedures and health from the patients' perspective after facial skin surgery. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 participants. Line‐by‐line coding was used to establish categories and develop themes. We identified five major themes on the impact of skin cancer surgery: appearance‐related concerns; psychological (e.g., fear of new cancers or recurrence); social (e.g. impact on social activities and interaction); physical (e.g. pain and swelling) concerns and satisfaction with the experience of care (e.g., satisfaction with surgeon). The priority of participants was the removal of the facial skin cancer, as this reduced their overall worry. The aesthetic outcome was secondary but important, as it had important implications on the participants' social and psychological functioning. The participants' experience with the care provided by the surgeon and staff also contributed to their satisfaction with their treatment. This conceptual framework provides the basis for the development of a new patient‐reported outcome instrument.
Punch biopsy of melanoma causing tumour cell implantation: Another peril of utilising partial biopsies for melanocytic tumours
Authors: Luk Peter P , Vilain Ricardo , Crainic Oana , McCarthy Stanley W , Thompson John F , Scolyer Richard A 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe recommended initial management for suspected melanoma is excisional biopsy. The use of partial biopsies of melanocytic tumours poses potential problems including misdiagnosis due to either unrepresentative sampling or the difficulty in evaluating important diagnostic features; an inaccurate assessment of Breslow thickness and other important prognostic features; and the induction of changes capable of mimicking melanoma (i.e., pseudomelanoma). Misdiagnosis, in turn, may lead to inappropriate management of the patient and an adverse outcome. In this report we document a previously unrecognised pitfall of partial biopsies of melanocytic tumours: implantation of tumour cells at the biopsy site potentially leading to the overestimation of tumour thickness or a misdiagnosis of the presence of microsatellites in the subsequent wide excision specimen.
Evaluation of a new double‐lumen endobronchial tube with an integrated camera (VivaSight‐DL™): a prospective multicentre observational study
Authors: Koopman E. M. , Barak M. , Weber E. , Valk M. J. A. , de Schepper R. T. I. , Bouwman R. A. , Huitink J. M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe VivaSight‐DL™ is a new single‐use double‐lumen endobronchial tube with an integrated camera. We studied this device in 151 consecutive patients scheduled for elective thoracic surgery in four different hospitals. Endobronchial intubation was successful in 148 patients (98%) (95% CI 94–99%). Median (IQR [range]) endobronchial intubation time was 59 (47–82 [17–932]) s and lung isolation was successfully achieved in 147 (99%) patients (95% CI 96–99%). A fibreoptic bronchoscope was required to assist endobronchial tube placement in 19 (13%) patients (95% CI 8–19%). Sore throat was reported by 37 (25%) patients (95% CI 18–33%), but no major complications were observed. We have reported the successful use of the VivaSight double‐lumen tube for endobronchial intubation in a multicentre observational trial.
Excision of the seminal vesicles for locally advanced and recurrent rectal and sigmoid cancer
Authors: Keating John P. , Manning Stephanie , Dennett Elizabeth , Studd Rod 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to define the clinical and oncological outcome of ‘en‐bloc’ excision of the seminal vesicles for locally advanced and recurrent tumours of the sigmoid and rectum.MethodsEight patients were identified from a prospective colorectal cancer database at a tertiary centre as having undergone excision of the seminal vesicles in continuity with a locally advanced or recurrent sigmoid or rectal adenocarcinoma. The presentation, operative details, histopathology, oncological outcome and morbidity of the procedure were assessed.ResultsThree patients were referred with recurrent tumours related to an anastomosis and five had a locally advanced sigmoid or rectal cancer. The need for resection of the seminal vesicles was determined from the preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan or from an intraoperative finding of loss of the plane of dissection anterior to Denonvilliers' fascia. Restorative resection was achieved in all three patients where the primary tumour was located in the sigmoid or rectosigmoid, while all five patients with a rectal tumour had a permanent stoma. After a median follow‐up of 43 months, seven patients are alive and disease‐free and one patient has died of distant metastases. No patient has suffered a local recurrence. All five patients who were sexually active before surgery suffered from post‐operative impotence. Two patients had temporary urinary retention with overflow.ConclusionsIn carefully selected patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal and sigmoid cancers that are attached to the seminal vesicles, en‐bloc excision confers excellent local control but is associated with a high rate of sexual morbidity.
Variable presentation of anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma in patients with breast implants
Authors: Locke Michelle B. , Lofts Julian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) has recently been reported in women with breast implants. The incidence of breast implant‐related ALCL is extremely rare and most surgeons would not expect to see this disease in their career. However, the senior author has had three women present to his practice with ALCL over a 2‐year period.MethodsThe three patients and their presentation were reviewed to establish the presenting complaint in each case of subsequently diagnosed ALCL. Literature was reviewed to establish appropriate treatment protocols for any subsequent patients.ResultsThe average time between first implant placement and presentation with breast implant‐associated ALCL was 13.3 years (range: 10–16 years) and age at presentation was 49 years (range: 45–53 years). Each presentation was somewhat different, being a palpable mass, a painless seroma and a painful seroma. Both patients with seroma underwent ultrasound‐guided aspiration of fluid which confirmed ALCL. All patients underwent implant removal and complete capsulectomy. The patient with a mass at presentation initially declined adjuvant treatment but subsequently developed an ALCL‐associated seroma and was treated with surgery and post‐operative chemotherapy.ConclusionPatients with breast implant‐associated ALCL can present with different clinical signs and symptoms. Late seroma is a relatively common presentation of breast implant‐associated ALCL. While firm guidelines for the management of breast implant‐related ALCL are lacking, we suggest that any late seroma in the absence of infection should be managed with aspiration and cytological analysis of the fluid.
Comparison of spray‐dried egg and albumen powder with conventional animal protein sources as feed ingredients in diets fed to weaned pigs
Authors: Zhang Sai , Piao Xiangshu , Ma Xiaokang , Xu Xiao , Zeng Zhikai , Tian Qiyu , Li Yao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in spray‐dried egg (SPE) and albumen powder (AP) compared with spray‐dried porcine plasma (SDPP), dried porcine solubles (DPS) and fish meal (FM). Additionally, the effects of these egg byproducts as a replacement for conventional animal proteins on the performance and nutrient digestibility of piglets were studied. In Exp. 1, six barrows fitted with ileal T‐cannulas were allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin Square design and fed six diets. The AID and SID of AA were generally higher in AP and FM (P < 0.01) than in the other protein sources. In Exp. 2, 150 piglets weaned at 21 days, were fed diets containing the five protein sources for 3 weeks. Weight gain of piglets fed SDPP was the highest among the treatments. Dry matter and protein digestibility for pigs offered SDPP were higher (P < 0.01) than those offered FM and DPS. AP decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli counts in the cecum. DPS decreased (P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase compared with SPE. In conclusion, AP and SPE are competitive with traditional animal protein sources and can be successfully fed to piglets without compromising performance.
Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Chengzhang , Ye Jianzhong , Chen Hongxia , Tao Ran 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues (FGBLR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets. Pigs were allotted to five dietary treatments, including negative control (NC: antibiotic free basal diet), positive control (PC) (NC + 30 mg apramycin/kg) and FGBLR‐50, 100, 150 (NC + 50, 100, 150 g FGBLR/kg). Pigs in FGBLR‐100 and PC treatments showed increased final body weight, average daily gain, gain:feed and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, N and gross energy (P < 0.05) compared with NC, FGBLR‐50 and FGBLR‐150 treatments, In addition, pigs fed with FGBLR‐100 diet showed higher serum total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, hemoglobin, total iron, total iron binding capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione superoxide dismutase levels, and lower serum blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels than those fed with PC and NC diets (P < 0.05). Moreover, feeding FGBLR‐100 could increase levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM, as well as lymphocyte transformation rates, ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells and proportions of CD2+, CD4+, B, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐I and MHC‐II cells, and can decrease proportion of CD8+ cells in blood of piglets compared with PC and NC groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 10% of FGBLR showed greatest beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets, which were superior to antibiotic supplemental diets.
Survey of learning experiences and influence of learning style preferences on user intentions regarding MOOCs
Authors: Chang Ray I , Hung Yu Hsin , Lin Chun Fu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith the rapid development of web techniques, information and communication technology is being increasingly used in curricula, and learning portfolios can be automatically retrieved and maintained as learners interact through e‐learning platforms. Further, massive open online courses (MOOCs), which apply such technology to provide open access to hundreds and thousands of learners, have recently gained popularity in higher education. Learning styles refer to an individual's approach to learning based on their preferences, strengths and weaknesses. It was speculated that different learning styles could affect a learner's preference for MOOCs. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the influence of learning styles on the learners' intentions to use MOOCs. The participants comprised 184 undergraduate students, who were surveyed regarding their learning experiences, motivation and intentions to use MOOCs. The results showed that learners with a high‐reflective learning style tended to have less experience in using MOOCs. Using the K‐means algorithm, we also clustered the multiple learning styles and found a 90% probability that the type of learning styles does influence learner intentions. Finally, we explored the reasons why learners used MOOCs, analyzed the learning approaches that could assist learning in MOOCs and examined the correlation between learning styles and user intention.
Pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab for previously untreated advanced stage, low‐grade B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Samaniego Felipe , Hagemeister Fredrick , Romaguera Jorge E. , Fanale Michelle A. , Pro Barbara , McLaughlin Peter , Rodriguez M. Alma , Neelapu Sattva S. , Fayad Luis , Younes Anas , Feng Lei , Berkova Zuzana , Khashab Tamer , Sehgal Lalit , Vega‐Vasquez Francisco , Kwak Larry W. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe conducted a prospective phase II trial of pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab as initial therapy for patients with previously untreated advanced stage low‐grade or indolent B‐cell lymphomas (iNHLs). Of 83 evaluable patients, 91·6% attained an overall response and 86·8% a complete or unconfirmed complete response. The 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates were 73% and 93%, respectively. The 3‐year PFS rate was significantly different for different diagnoses (P = 0·01): 83% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0·72, 0·96] for follicular lymphomas, 73% (95% CI: 0·54, 1·0) for marginal zone lymphomas and 61% (95% CI: 0·46, 0·81) for small lymphocytic lymphomas. The most common adverse events were haematological. Of 509 cycles of chemotherapy administered, grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 68 cycles (13% of cycles administered) and most frequently occurred during cycles 4–6. This is the first report demonstrating the effectiveness of pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab in patients with previously untreated iNHLs, including those over 60 years of age.
Incidence and clinical features of extramedullary multiple myeloma in patients who underwent stem cell transplantation
Authors: Weinstock Mathew , Aljawai Yosra , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Laubach Jacob , Gannon Muriel , Roccaro Aldo M. , Varga Cindy , Mitsiades Constantine S. , Paba‐Prada Claudia , Schlossman Robert , Munshi Nikhil , Anderson Kenneth C. , Richardson Paul P. , Weller Edie , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryExtramedullary disease (EMD), defined as an infiltrate of clonal plasma cells at an anatomic site distant from the bone marrow, is an uncommon manifestation of multiple myeloma. Six hundred and sixty‐three consecutive patients with multiple myeloma who underwent stem cell transplantation between January 2005 and December 2011 were assessed for the presence of EMD. A cohort of 55 patients with biopsy‐proven EMD was identified, comprising 8·3% of the total study population. EMD was present at the time of diagnosis in 14·5% of cases and at the time of relapse in 76% of patients. The most common EMD presentations at relapse were liver involvement and pleural effusions. EMD specimens had high expression of CD44 (92%) and moderate expression of CXCR4. The median overall survival from time of myeloma diagnosis was 4·1 years (95% CI: 3·1, 5·1) and the median overall survival from time of EMD diagnosis was 1·3 years (95% CI: 0·8, 2·3). This report demonstrates that the incidence of EMD has not increased with the introduction of novel agents and stem cell transplantation. The most common EMD presentations in the relapsed setting were liver and pleural fluid. The presence of CD44 and CXCR4 expression may represent new markers of EMD that warrant further investigation.