bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Radiographic Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Hip Among African Americans and Whites: A Population‐Based Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kopec Jacek A. , Sayre Eric C. , Schwartz Todd A. , Renner Jordan B. , Helmick Charles G. , Badley Elizabeth M. , Cibere Jolanda , Callahan Leigh F. , Jordan Joanne M. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the incidence and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee and hip among African Americans and whites.MethodsUsing the joint as the unit of analysis, we analyzed data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a population‐based prospective cohort study in rural North Carolina. Baseline and followup assessments were 3–13 years apart. Assessments included standard knee and hip radiographs read for Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic grade. Weighted analyses controlled for age, sex, body mass index, level of education, and baseline K/L grade; bootstrap methods adjusted for lack of independence between left and right joints. Time‐to‐event analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsFor radiographic knee OA, being African American had no association with incidence (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.53–1.22), but had a positive association with progression (HRadj 1.67, 95% CI 1.05–2.67). For radiographic hip OA, African Americans had a significantly lower incidence (HRadj 0.44, 95% CI 0.27–0.71), whereas the association with progression was positive but nonsignificant (HRadj 1.46, 95% CI 0.53–4.01). In sensitivity analyses, the association with hip OA incidence was robust to a wide range of assumptions.ConclusionAfrican Americans are protected against incident hip OA, but may be more susceptible to progressive knee OA.
A Novel Microwave‐Assisted Carbothermic Route for the Production of Copper‐Carbon Nanotube Metal Matrix Composites Directly from Copper Oxide
Authors: Vennerberg Danny , Quirino Rafael , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCu2O was reduced to copper via a microwave‐assisted carbothermic route using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the carbon source. The reaction atmosphere as well as the degree of mixing of Cu2O and MWCNTs was varied, and the resulting products were characterized as a function of microwave exposure time. Irradiation of thoroughly mixed Cu2O and MWCNTs under argon for 45 s produced Cu‐MWCNT composites with high MWCNT loading and high hardness. This new approach for fabricating carbon nanotube‐reinforced metal matrix composites eliminates many of the challenges associated with traditional methods while requiring a fraction of the time and energy.
Growth of a species, an association, a science: 80 years of growth and development research
Authors: Sherwood Richard J. , Duren Dana L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPhysical anthropological research was codified in the United States with the creation of the American Association of Physical Anthropology (AAPA) in 1929. That same year, a study began in yellow springs, Ohio, with a goal of identifying “what makes people different.” The approach used to answer that question was to study the growth and development of Homo sapiens. The resulting study, the Fels Longitudinal Study, is currently the longest continuous study of human growth and development in the world. Although the AAPA and the Fels Longitudinal Study have existed as separate entities for more than 80 years now, it is not surprising, given the relationship between anatomical and developmental research, there has been considerable overlap between the two. As the field of physical anthropology has blossomed to include subdisciplines such as forensics, genetics, primatology, as well as sophisticated statistical methodologies, the importance of growth and development research has escalated. Although current Fels Longitudinal Study research is largely directed at biomedical questions, virtually all findings are relevant to physical anthropology, providing insights into basic biological processes and life history parameters. Some key milestones from the early years of the AAPA and the Fels Longitudinal Study are highlighted here that address growth and development research in physical anthropology. These are still held as fundamental concepts that underscore the importance of this line of inquiry, not only across the subdisciplines of physical anthropology, but also among anthropological, biological, and biomedical inquiries. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality of surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic literature review of the effect of total intravenous compared to inhalational anesthesia
Authors: Kelly Elizabeth A. , Gollapudy Suneeta , Riess Matthias L. , Woehlck Harvey J. , Loehrl Todd A. , Poetker David M. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAdequate surgical field visualization is imperative for successful outcomes in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The type of anesthetic administered can alter a patient's hemodynamics and impact endoscopic visualization during surgery. We review the current evidence regarding the effect of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) compared to inhalational anesthesia (INA) on visualization of the surgical field during ESS.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed. Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched from 1946 to January 2012. Citations from the primary search were reviewed and filtered to identify all relevant abstracts in English. Articles meriting full review included prospective controlled trials enrolling adult patients undergoing ESS that were randomized to a group receiving INA or TIVA with outcome measures focused on surgical field visualization.ResultsSeven eligible trials fulfilled inclusion criteria. Four of the 7 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in surgical field grade during ESS when receiving TIVA compared with INA. However, detailed INA concentrations were often not provided. High levels of INA may have been administered; therefore, side effects of INA rather than effects of an ideal INA administration were possibly represented. Analgesic administration also varied widely among the anesthetic groups, further complicating interpretation of study results. The lack of power and the heterogeneity of the studies precluded a formal meta‐analysis.ConclusionAlthough several studies reported that TIVA improves surgical conditions in ESS, there are significant limitations. These findings prevent any definite recommendation at this point, emphasizing the need for further high‐quality studies.
Preparation and characterization of aqueous dispersions of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene‐co‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/ poly(styrene sulfonate) and their conducting films
Authors: Chen Shuai , Lu Baoyang , Xu Jingkun , Qin Leiqiang , Wang Zhipeng , Duan Xuemin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe chemical oxidative copolymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene (EDTT) with 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 2′‐hydroxymethyl‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene in a poly(styrene sulfonic acid) aqueous solution was successfully carried out to form stable, dark blue colloidal dispersions in water. Coating these dispersions onto polypropylene substrates led to the formation of free‐standing copolymer films. The mechanical, electrical, and thermoelectrical properties of these films were investigated; the films showed superior properties in comparison with those of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene) (PEDTT)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS). The copolymer film based on EDTT and EDOT achieved a high electrical conductivity (8.2 × 10−2 S cm−1) at 298 K; this could be improved about 10 times through the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or DMSO/isopropyl alcohol into the polymer dispersion with almost constant Seebeck coefficients of about 9 μV K−1. On the contrary, these additives had almost no effect on the conductivity of PEDTT/PSS. The structure and morphology of the polymer films were studied by X‐ray diffraction and SEM analyses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of highly loaded and well‐controlled magnetic beads via emulsion polymerization
Authors: Kniajanski Sergei , Colborn Robert E. , Bales Brian C. , Riccobono Orrie , Dulgar‐Tulloch Aaron J. , Stein Judith , Kandapallil Binil I. I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) incorporated polystyrene beads of uniform size distribution (∼170 nm) and high magnetic content (∼40%) are synthesized by emulsion styrene polymerization in the presence of functionalized SPIO. The role of surface functionality on the polymerization process and SPIO incorporation is investigated by carrying out styrene emulsion polymerizations with different functionalities on SPIO. A unique combination of oleic acid and (2‐acetoacetoxy) ethyl methacrylate as surface ligands for SPIO is used to attain the best magnetic beads. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Nanoclay dispersion into a thermosetting binder using sonication and intensive mixing methods
Authors: Kahraman Havva Tutar , Gevgilili Halil , Kalyon Dilhan M. , Pehlivan Erol 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSuspensions of epoxy with 10% by weight of organomodified montmorillonite clay [Cloisite 30B], prepared by two different methods, viz. intensive batch mixing and sonication, were investigated. The characterization of linear viscoelastic material functions of the suspension using small‐amplitude oscillatory shear during processing enabled the assessments of the dispersion capabilities of the two mixing methods. Thermal imaging was used to monitor the temperature distributions generated during mixing. Sonication was determined to be more effective in the dispersion of the clay into the epoxy resin than the intensive batch mixing process, as revealed by the significant increase of the dynamic properties upon sonication, which suggested that some degree of intercalation and exfoliation had taken place during sonication. The use of the linear viscoelastic material functions thus provided a relatively easy to implement method for the analysis of the dispersion effectiveness of the different processing methods and operating conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Protein Kinase Cβ Is Required for Lupus Development in Sle Mice
Authors: Oleksyn David , Pulvino Mary , Zhao Jiyong , Misra Ravi , Vosoughi Aram , Jenks Scott , Tipton Christopher , Lund Frances , Schwartz George , Goldman Bruce , Mohan Chandra , Mehta Kamal , Mehta Madhu , Leitgets Michael , Sanz Ignacio , Chen Luojing 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the requirement for protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) in the development of lupus in mice, and to explore the potential of targeting PKCβ as a therapeutic strategy in lupus.MethodsCongenic mice bearing the disease loci Sle1 or Sle1 and Sle3, which represent different stages of severity in the development of lupus, were crossed with PKCβ‐deficient mice. The effect of PKCβ deficiency in lupus development was analyzed. In addition, the effects of the PKCβ‐specific inhibitor enzastaurin on the survival of B cells from mice with lupus and human 9G4‐positive B cells as well as the in vivo effect of enzastaurin treatment on the development of lupus in Sle mice were investigated.ResultsIn Sle mice, PKCβ deficiency abrogated lupus‐associated phenotypes, including high autoantibody levels, proteinuria, and histologic features of lupus nephritis. Significant decreases in spleen size and in the peritoneal B‐1 cell population, reduced numbers of activated CD4 T cells, and normalized CD4:CD8 ratios were observed. PKCβ deficiency induced an anergic B cell phenotype and preferentially inhibited autoreactive plasma cells and autoantibodies in mice with lupus. Inhibition of PKCβ enhanced apoptosis of both B cells from Sle mice and human autoreactive B cells (9G4 positive). Treatment of Sle mice with the PKCβ‐specific inhibitor enzastaurin prevented the development of lupus.ConclusionThis study identifies PKCβ as a central mediator of lupus pathogenesis, suggesting that PKCβ represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Moreover, the results indicate the feasibility of using a PKCβ inhibitor for the treatment of lupus.
Applying multiple kernel learning and support vector machine for solving the multicriteria and nonlinearity problems of traffic flow prediction
Authors: Yu Chenyun , Lam Ka Chi 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis article proposes to develop a prediction model for traffic flow using kernel learning methods such as support vector machine (SVM) and multiple kernel learning (MKL). Traffic flow prediction is a dynamic problem owing to its complex nature of multicriteria and nonlinearity. Influential factors of traffic flow were firstly investigated; five‐point scale and entropy methods were employed to transfer the qualitative factors into quantitative ones and rank these factors, respectively. Then, SVM and MKL‐based prediction models were developed, with the influential factors and the traffic flow as the input and output variables. The prediction capability of MKL was compared with SVM through a case study. It is proved that both the SVM and MKL perform well in prediction with regard to the accuracy rate and efficiency, and MKL is more preferable with a higher accuracy rate when under proper parameters setting. Therefore, MKL can enhance the decision‐making of traffic flow prediction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced chemiluminescence of cerium(IV)–Tween 85 system and the analytical application
Authors: Li Shifeng , Qian Li , Zhu Yan , Liu Manman , Gao Yinping , Ni Yonghong 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe oxidation reaction between cerium(IV) and Tween 85 in sulfuric acid medium produced weak chemiluminescence (CL). In this paper, it was found that citrate could strongly enhance the CL of cerium(IV)–Tween 85–polyphenol system. Based on studies of ultraviolet–visible spectra and CL spectra, the CL enhancement mechanism had been proposed. It was surmised that the light emission was from an excited oxygen molecular pair O2(1Δg)O2(1∑g–). The maximum emission wavelength was about 478 nm. The effects of 17 amino acids and 29 organic compounds on cerium(IV)–Tween 85–citrate CL were investigated by a flow injection procedure. This study showed the present system had a wide application for the determination of these compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ceria Nanocatalysts: Shape Dependent Reactivity and Formation of OH
Authors: Agarwal Shilpa , Lefferts Leon , Mojet Barbara L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCeria nanoshapes (octahedra, wires, and cubes) were investigated for CO adsorption and subsequent reaction with water. Surprisingly, the reactivity of specific OH groups was explicitly determined by the ceria nanoshape. The nanoshapes showed different levels of carbonates and formates after exposure to CO, the amount of carbonates increasing from octahedral≪wires<cubes. Subsequent reaction with water at 200 °C was also found to be shape dependent, resulting in different amounts of recovered OH groups and removed carbonates and formates on the different ceria nanoshapes.
Statistical Analysis of Contributors to Chemical Process Accidents
Authors: Kidam K. , Hurme M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA database study of accident contributors in the chemical process industry (CPI) was carried out. All 364 CPI‐related accidents available in the Failure Knowledge Database were analyzed to identify the main and the subcontributors of the accidents. The accident contributors were ranked in accordance with their frequency and importance in accident prevention. The most common accident contributors were the human and organizational aspects in operation (19 % of contributors), contamination (11 %), flow‐related issues (11 %), and heat transfer (10 %). In the main contributor analysis, the same classes of contributors were also the most frequent causes of accidents. A four‐quadrant analysis identified the most important contributors to be focused on in accident prevention: contamination, flow‐related and heat transfer categories. The relationships between the contributors were also studied using an interconnection matrix, which revealed three functional groups of accident contributors. Their relationships were illustrated through an interconnection diagram.
Predictors of smoking relapse in patients with thoracic cancer or head and neck cancer
Authors: Simmons Vani Nath , Litvin Erika B. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Patel Riddhi D. , McCaffrey Judith C. , Oliver Jason A. , Sutton Steven K. , Brandon Thomas H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cancer patients who continue smoking are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including reduced treatment efficacy and poorer survival rates. Many patients spontaneously quit smoking after diagnosis; however, relapse is understudied. The goal of this study was to evaluate smoking‐related, affective, cognitive, and physical variables as predictors of smoking after surgical treatment among patients with lung cancer and head and neck cancer.METHODS:A longitudinal study was conducted with 154 patients (57% male) who recently quit smoking. Predictor variables were measured at baseline (ie, time of surgery); smoking behavior was assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Analyses of 7‐day point prevalence were performed using a Generalized Estimating Equations approach.RESULTS:Relapse rates varied significantly depending on presurgery smoking status. At 12 months after surgery, 60% of patients who smoked during the week prior to surgery had resumed smoking versus only 13% who were abstinent prior to surgery. Smoking rates among both groups were relatively stable across the 4 follow‐ups. For patients smoking before surgery (N = 101), predictors of smoking relapse included lower quitting self‐efficacy, higher depression proneness, and greater fears about cancer recurrence. For patients abstinent before surgery (N = 53), higher perceived difficulty quitting and lower cancer‐related risk perceptions predicted smoking relapse.CONCLUSIONS:Efforts to encourage early cessation at diagnosis, and increased smoking relapse‐prevention efforts in the acute period following surgery, may promote long‐term abstinence. Several modifiable variables are identified to target in future smoking relapse‐prevention interventions for cancer patients. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Treatment of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Do the specifics of the regimen matter?
Authors: Lamanna Nicole , Heffner Leonard T. , Kalaycio Matt , Schiller Gary , Coutre Steven , Moore Joseph , Seiter Karen , Maslak Peter , Panageas Katherine , Golde David , Weiss Mark A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Induction therapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is similar across essentially all regimens, comprised of vincristine, corticosteroids, and anthracyclines intensified with cyclophosphamide, asparaginase, or both. Given the lack of randomized data, to date, no regimen has emerged as standard. The authors previously evaluated cytarabine 3 g/m2 daily for 5 days with mitoxantrone 80 mg/m2 (the ALL‐2 regimen) as a novel induction regimen. Compared with historic controls, the ALL‐2 regimen was superior in terms of incidence of complete remission, failure with resistant disease, and activity in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive ALL.METHODS:The authors conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial of the ALL‐2 regimen compared with a standard 4‐drug induction (the L‐20 regimen). Patients also received consolidation, maintenance therapy, and central nervous system prophylaxis. The trial accrued patients from August 1996 to October 2004.RESULTS:The median follow‐up for survivors was 7 years, and the median patient age was 43 years. Responses were evaluated in 164 patients. The treatment arms were balanced in terms of pretreatment characteristics. The frequency of complete remission for the ALL‐2 regimen versus the L‐20 regimen was 83% versus 71% (P = .06). More patients on the L‐20 arm failed with resistant disease (21% vs 8%; P = .02). Induction deaths were comparable at 9% (ALL‐2) versus 7% (L‐20). The median survival was similar; and, at 5 years, the survival rate was 33% alive on the ALL‐2 arm versus 27% on the L‐20.CONCLUSIONS:Despite superior results of induction therapy with the ALL‐2 regimen, this treatment did not improve long‐term outcomes. When coupled to the reported experience of other studies in adults with ALL, the results of this randomized trial raise the possibility that ultimate outcomes in adult ALL may be independent of the specific regimen chosen. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
AOI‐cast in distributed virtual environments: an approach based on delay tolerant reverse compass routing
Authors: Ricci Laura , Genovali Luca , Carlini Emanuele , Coppola Massimo 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis paper presents a novel Area Of Interest (AOI)‐cast algorithm for distributed virtual environments targeted to Delaunay‐based P2P overlays. The algorithm exploits the mathematical properties of Delaunay triangulations to build a spanning tree supporting the notification of the events generated by a peer to the other ones located in its AOI. The spanning tree is computed by the reversing compass routing, a routing algorithm proposed for geometric networks. Our approach presents a set of novel features. First, it requires only the knowledge of the peer's neighbors, so that the amount of traffic load on the P2P overlay is minimized. Second, we prove that, for circular shaped AOI, the algorithm builds a spanning tree covering all and only the peers of the AOI. Finally, our approach takes into account the possible inconsistencies among the local views of the peers, because the network latency, by introducing a tolerance threshold in the reverse compass routing. We present a set of simulations considering both synthetic data and real data traces taken from a real multiplayer game, which show the effectiveness of our proposal. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SOF: a semi‐supervised ontology‐learning‐based focused crawler
Authors: Dong Hai , Hussain Farookh Khadeer 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe rapid increase in the volume of data available on the Internet makes it increasingly impractical for a crawler to index the whole Web. Instead, many intelligent crawlers, known as ontology‐based semantic focused crawlers, have been designed by making use of Semantic Web technologies for topic‐centered Web information crawling. Ontologies, however, have constraints of validity and time, which may influence the performance of the crawlers. Ontology‐learning‐based focused crawlers are therefore designed to automatically evolve ontologies by integrating ontology learning technologies. Nevertheless, surveys indicate that the existing ontology‐learning‐based focused crawlers do not have the capability to automatically enrich the content of ontologies, which makes these crawlers unreliable in the open and heterogeneous Web environment. Hence, in this paper, we propose a framework for a novel semi‐supervised ontology‐learning‐based focused (SOF) crawler, the SOF crawler, which embodies a series of schemas for ontology generation and Web information formatting, a semi‐supervised ontology learning framework, and a hybrid Web page classification approach aggregated by a group of support vector machine models. A series of tests are implemented to evaluate the technical feasibility of this proposed framework. The conclusion and the future work are summarized in the final section. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.