bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bismuth Nanoflowers and Their Application for Heavy Metal Detection
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Yan Yan , Li Junfang , Lu Xiaojing , Xi Guangcheng , Zhang Qing , Wang Chao 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Pure bismuth nanoflowers were synthesized for the first time with remarkable productivity through a low-temperature hydrothermal method. The obtained nanostructures were used to prepare modified electrodes, which showed high sensitivity for the detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution by stripping analysis.
Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Dual-ISH (DISH) in the Determination of HER2 Status in Breast Cancer
Authors: Mansfield Aaron S. , Sukov William R. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Sakai Yuta , Walsh Frank J. , Lonzo Melissa , Wiktor Anne E. , Dogan Ahmet , Jenkins Robert B. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The determination of HER2 amplification is critical to selecting appropriate patients for HER2 targeted therapy in breast cancer. Dual in situ hybridization (DISH), an alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry, is now available. To compare the FISH and DISH methods, we tested 251 samples enriched for common or difficult-to-assess HER2 anomalies. Seven samples failed DISH testing. There was a 64% (156/244) concordance between FISH and DISH by anomaly (κ = 0.58, 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.65; P &lt; .0001) and an 83% (203/244) concordance by amplification status (κ = 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.69; P &lt; .0001). DISH resulted in lower estimates of HER2/ centromere 17 ratios than FISH, and many cases that were equivocal with FISH were normal with DISH. DISH did not detect any case with coamplification of HER2 and centromere 17. Using a cohort of difficult specimens, we observed less than 95% concordance between FISH and DISH. DISH may underestimate the HER2/chromosome 17 ratio, or FISH may overestimate this ratio.
Salience and construal in the use of synonymy: A study of two sets of near-synonymous nouns
Authors: Liu Dilin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVia a corpus-based collocation analysis and a forced-choice questionnaire examination, this study investigates the use of two sets of near-synonymous nouns: authority/power/right and duty/obligation/responsibility. The corpus analysis reveals the prototypical meanings of the nouns in each set and the semantic and usage pattern differences among the synonymous nouns. Also, the corpus analysis and the results of the forced-choice study jointly show that the level of lexical salience and the language users' construal are two key factors in the use of synonymous nouns. Due to entrenchment effects, speakers/writers typically use a synonymous noun with the highest salience in a given semantic context unless the speaker/writer's construal operations result in a decision to use a different noun whose prototypical meaning fits the context better. It is also found that the selection of a non-salient noun in a given context typically signifies a difference in meaning. Furthermore, the meanings of synonymous nouns and the internal semantic structure of a synonymous-noun set seem to show a certain degree of fluidity, influenced by the competition of lexical salience and language users' construal. The study has also demonstrated the effectiveness of combining corpus-based analysis and elicited data examination in the study of synonyms.
You can't cry your way to candy: Motion events and paths in the x's way construction
Authors: Szczesniak Konrad 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper examines previous analyses of the x's way construction, focusing on the readings attributed to it within the Construction Grammar framework and constraints on the types of verbs allowed in the construction. It questions some of the characterizations of the construction and offers an alternative view that accounts for uses of the construction that have not been considered before. Specifically, it will demonstrate that metaphoric uses, particularly those with obtainment readings, reveal interesting properties of the construction that define how it assembles motion events and paths in these events. These will be shown to follow constraints of differing rigidity. While motion events can involve disparate subevents blended together, paths do not allow any integration of incongruous elements. The construction follows universal principles which govern how complex event schemas can be blended out of simpler schemas in linguistic constructions. More generally, as a closed-class form, not only does the construction conform to event-schema protocol, but its meaning associated with a motion event is a spare reading typical of a closed-class form. Thus the present analysis attempts to reconcile its constructionist approach to the way construction with the traditional division into closed- and open-class forms.
Context sensitivity and insensitivity in object naming
Authors: Malt Barbara C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjects can almost always be called by more than one name, and the name chosen depends on the context. However, studies of naming in some traditions elicit names by showing objects in isolation and asking merelyWhat is it?If the names produced are not the same as those that would be given in more fully specified communicative contexts, the value of the tasks for understanding object naming is in doubt. The current study examined the effects of different communicative demands on naming of 60 household containers. A standard “free naming” task was contrasted with two other versions. In these two, participants had the goal of getting an addressee to find a target object among others. In one, each object needed to be distinguished from a small set of dissimilar objects, visible to the addressee. In the other, each needed to be distinguished from a large set of similar objects, not visible to the addressee. Responses were sensitive to context in the number of modifiers produced. However, they were insensitive in the head nouns produced. Simple naming tasks such asWhat is it?can produce results for head nouns equivalent to those from tasks providing more fully specified communicative contexts.
Crystal structure of the supramolecular complex Ce(sal)3phen2, C45H31CeN4O9
Authors: Zhu Wen-Qing , Zhang Chao , Wang Jin-Ping , Yuan Yu-Kun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C45H31CeN4O9, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.121(2) Å, b = 10.922(1) Å, c = 22.380(2) Å, β = 90.026(2)°, V = 3940.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0461, wRref(F2) = 0.1061, T = 296 K
Early recruitment dynamics in tropical restoration
Authors: de la Peña-Domene Marinés , Martínez-Garza Cristina , Howe Henry F. 
Published: January 2013

Unassisted secondary succession in abandoned tropical pastures often results in species‐poor forests of pioneer trees that persist for decades. We characterize recruitment rates of woody vegetation in planting treatments during the first 60 months of experimental restoration on thin, eroded soils at Los Tuxtlas, southern Mexico. We test the hypothesis that recruitment of later‐successional trees is greater in fenced plots planted with native trees than in fenced controls that simulate natural succession, and further that recruitment of such species would be greater in plots planted with animal‐dispersed trees than in those planted with wind‐dispersed trees.Results indicated much greater recruitment of later‐successional animal‐dispersed trees in planted plots as compared with controls. Three censuses per year recorded 960 recruited individuals of 44 species of trees and shrubs from 20–60 months after cattle exclusion. Ninety‐six percent of recruits were not of planted species. Repeated‐measures analyses of variance indicated that recruited communities included more species of pioneers than of later‐successional trees and shrubs, with more individuals and species dispersed by animals than by wind. Recruitment of pioneers did not differ between control and planted plots. Later‐successional recruits dispersed by animals accumulated >10 times faster in planted than control plots, with apparent acceleration after planted Cecropia obtusifolia and Ficus yoponensis first produced fleshy fruits 48 months after cattle exclusion. Sparse later‐successional wind‐dispersed recruits did not differ by treatment. Our preliminary results over the first five years after cattle exclusion indicate that planted stands clearly accelerate succession through accumulation of later‐successional trees and shrubs dispersed by animals.
Regulated Self-Regulation or External Control? Effects of Different Legislative Approaches in the Petroleum Sector in Norway and Brazil
Authors: Hellebust Celma Regina , Braut Geir Sverre 
Published: January 2013

Summary
This is a comparison of the regulatory regimes related to health and safety in the offshore petroleum sector in Norway and Brazil. Even though Norway and Brazil show principal similarities regarding the legal system, they have chosen quite different strategies related to regulation of occupational health and safety in the petroleum sector.
The Norwegian legislation seems to rely highly upon the willingness of the actors to work closely together to shape a culture supporting safety. If there are greater tensions and conflicts in the industry or in the surrounding society, the Brazilian model may give better control with defined risk factors.
Experimental Investigation of Near-Miscible Water-Alternating-Gas Injection Performance in Water-Wet and Mixed-Wet Systems
Authors: Fatemi S. Mobeen , Sohrabi Mehran 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Laboratory data on water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection for non-water-wet systems are very limited, especially for near-miscible (very low IFT) gas/oil systems, which represent injection scenarios involving high-pressure hydrocarbon gas or CO2 injection. Simulation of these processes requires three-phase relative permeability (kr) data. Most of the existing three-phase relative permeability correlations have been developed for water-wet conditions. However, a majority of oil reservoirs are believed to be mixed-wet and, hence, prediction of the performance of WAG injection in these reservoirs is associated with significant uncertainties. Reliable simulation of WAG injection, therefore, requires improved relative permeability and hysteresis models validated by reliable measured data.
In this paper, we report the results of a comprehensive series of coreflood experiments carried out in a core under natural water-wet conditions. These included water injection, gas injection, and also WAG injection. Then, to investigate the impact of wettability on the performance of these injection strategies, the wettability of the same core was changed to mixed-wet (by aging the core in an appropriate crude oil) and a similar set of experiments were performed in the mixed-wet core. WAG experiments under both wettability conditions started with water injection (I) followed by gas injection (D), and this cyclic injection of water and gas was repeated (IDIDID).
The results show that in both the water-wet and mixed-wet cores, WAG injection performs better than water injection or gas injection alone. Changing the rock wettability from water-wet to mixed-wet significantly improves the performance of water injection. Under both wettability conditions (water-wet and mixed-wet), the breakthrough (BT) of the gas during gas injection happens sooner than the BT of water in water injection. Ultimate oil recovery by gas injection is considerably higher than that obtained by water injection in the water-wet system, while in the mixed-wet system, gas injection recovers considerably less oil.
Understanding the Heat-Transfer Mechanism in the Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Process and Comparing the Conduction and Convection Flux in Bitumen Reservoirs
Authors: Irani Mazda , Ghannadi Sahar 
Published: January 2013

Summary
SAGD is one successful thermal recovery technique applied in the Athabasca and Peace River reservoirs in central and northern Alberta, Canada. In SAGD, steam is injected into a horizontal injection well and is forced outward, losing its latent heat when it comes into contact with the cold bitumen at the edge of a depletion chamber. As a consequence, the viscosity of the bitumen falls several orders of magnitude, its mobility rises several orders of magnitude, and then it flows under gravity toward a horizontal production well located several meters below and parallel to the injection well. Heat-transfer mechanisms are pivotal to the SAGD process. Though heat energy is transferred from steam to reservoir by conduction and convection, heat transfer by convection is not considered in the classic SAGD mathematical models such as Butler?s. Researchers such as Butler and Stephens (1981), Reis (1992), Akin (2005), Liang (2005), Nukhaev et al. (2006), and Azad and Chalaturnyk (2010) considered conduction from steam to cold reservoir to be the only heat-transfer component. However, because the heat capacity of water is typically two to five times that of bitumen, convection caused by the mobile condensate flow in the reservoir may contradict these studies. Farouq-Ali (1997) was the first to criticize the assumption that there is only a thermal conduction mechanism in the SAGD process. He pointed out that with so much condensate flowing, convection would be expected to be the dominant heat-transfer mechanism, which can be plausible at high temperatures. In response, Edmunds (1999a) stated that on the basis of the associated change in enthalpy, the heat transfer into a cold reservoir because of convection is probably less than 5% of that because of conduction. Ito (1999) challenged Edmunds (1999a) statement, on the basis of Ito and Suzuki (1996, 1999) and Ito et al. (1998), pointing out that "this number, 5%; i.e., ratio between convection to conduction presented by Edmunds (1999a) is unrealistically low, (and) it should be in the range of 50%. This study examined the relative roles of convective and conductive heat transfer at the edge of SAGD steam chambers. In summary, the mathematical model developed in this study considered both conduction and convection, and the resultant output from the model is reasonably consistent with published field data. This study supports the idea that although convection can dominate near the chamber edge in high-water-saturation reservoirs, in bitumen-rich reservoirs, its contribution to heat transfer is less than 1% and can be neglected.
NMR Facies Definition for Permo-Triassic Kangan/Dalan Carbonate Formation by Use of Core/Log and Pore-Scale Measurements
Authors: Mardani Alireza , Rezaee Reza , Eskandar Ashkan A. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
An integrated and quantitative approach is taken here to the Permo-Triassic Kangan/Dalan carbonate formation. We apply pore-network characterization to the problem of the classification of these complex carbonate gas-reservoir rocks. We start with the useful and convenient nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) data on 28 samples to define NMR facies (NMRF). The NMRF grouping is performed with both the relaxivity constant (ρ2) and the specific-surface-volume (Sgv) data. Seven NMRF have been defined with a combination of core/log NMR data, petrographic image analysis, and mercury-injection examinations for two wells.
The advantage of evaluation of the pore spaces rather than grain properties is to discover trends that are not apparent when one uses a conventional sedimentological facies definition. Lithology-independent NMRF exhibit properties that are associated with pore geometry. This should have special importance for the formation evaluation of carbonates.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Evaluation of Inhibitors for Inorganic Scale
Authors: Bertran Celso A. , Sousa Maria F.B. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
In this paper, the use of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with a quartz crystal sensor coated with iron oxide is proposed to evaluate the efficacy of inhibitors in the prevention of scale formation. The quartz crystal was first iron-plated by electrodeposition over the original gold film on the outer side of the crystal and then oxidized. The iron oxide layer is more representative for an evaluation of the inhibitor's effectiveness because tubing and equipment in oil-industry facilities are made of low carbon steel that is coated with an iron oxide layer. The scale formation was conducted under a steady supersaturation condition. The experiments were performed with slow addition (0.2 cm3/min) of 40 cm3 of Na2CO3 solution (1,000 ppm) to 200 cm3 of synthetic formation water (AF-W2). The performance at 10 ppm concentration of two commercial scale inhibitors, diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DETPMPA) and polyphosphonocarboxylic acid (PPCA), was evaluated. The mass variation on the iron oxide plated QCM crystal sensor, caused by CaCO3 deposition, is related to supersaturation, pH value, and efficacy of scale inhibitor. Scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) images show that besides calcite crystals, there are also deposits in the form of spherical lenses, which is characteristic of the polymorph vaterite.
The Outcomes of Patients with ESRD and ANCA-Associated Vasculitis in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Tang Wen , Bose Bhadran , McDonald Stephen P. , Hawley Carmel M. , Badve Sunil V. , Boudville Neil , Brown Fiona G. , Clayton Philip A. , Campbell Scott B. , Peh Chen Au , Johnson David W. 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
This study aimed to evaluate dialysis and transplant outcomes of patients with ESRD secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
All ESRD patients who commenced renal replacement therapy in Australia and New Zealand between 1996 and 2010 were included. Outcomes were assessed by Kaplan–Meier, multivariable Cox regression, and competing-risks regression survival analyses.

Results
Of 36,884 ESRD patients, 228 had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 221 had granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Using competing-risks regression, compared with other causes of ESRD, MPA patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.73–1.08; P=0.24) and GPA patients (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74–1.19; P=0.62) experienced comparable survival on dialysis. Forty-six MPA patients (21%) and 47 GPA (20%) patients received 98 renal allografts. Respective 10-year first graft survival rates in MPA, GPA, and non-AAV patients were 50%, 62%, 70%, whereas patient survival rates were 68%, 85% and 83%, respectively. Compared with non-AAV patients, MPA transplant recipients had higher risks of graft failure (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.07–3.25; P=0.03) and death (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.02–3.69; P=0.04), whereas GPA transplant recipients experienced comparable renal allograft survival (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.43–1.93; P=0.81) and patient survival (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.23–2.27; P=0.58). AAV recurrence was observed in two renal allografts (2%).

Conclusions
Compared with ESRD patients without AAV, those with GPA have comparable renal replacement therapy outcomes, whereas MPA patients have comparable dialysis survival but poorer renal transplant allograft and patient survival rates.
The Effect of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women With Diabetes
Authors: Secher Anna L. , Ringholm Lene , Andersen Henrik U. , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether intermittent real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic control and pregnancy outcome in unselected women with pregestational diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 123 women with type 1 diabetes and 31 women with type 2 diabetes were randomized to use real-time CGM for 6 days at 8, 12, 21, 27, and 33 weeks in addition to routine care, including self-monitored plasma glucose seven times daily, or routine care only. To optimize glycemic control, real-time CGM readings were evaluated by a diabetes caregiver. HbA1c, self-monitored plasma glucose, severe hypoglycemia, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded, with large-for-gestational-age infants as the primary outcome.

RESULTS
Women assigned to real-time CGM (n = 79) had baseline HbA1c similar to that of women in the control arm (n = 75) (median 6.6 [range 5.3–10.0] vs. 6.8% [5.3–10.7]; P = 0.67) (49 [34–86] vs. 51 mmol/mol [34–93]). Forty-nine (64%) women used real-time CGM per protocol. At 33 weeks, HbA1c (6.1 [5.1–7.8] vs. 6.1% [4.8–8.2]; P = 0.39) (43 [32–62] vs. 43 mmol/mol [29–66]) and self-monitored plasma glucose (6.2 [4.7–7.9] vs. 6.2 mmol/L [4.9–7.9]; P = 0.64) were comparable regardless of real-time CGM use, and a similar fraction of women had experienced severe hypoglycemia (16 vs. 16%; P = 0.91). The prevalence of large-for-gestational-age infants (45 vs. 34%; P = 0.19) and other perinatal outcomes were comparable between the arms.

CONCLUSIONS
In this randomized trial, intermittent use of real-time CGM in pregnancy, in addition to self-monitored plasma glucose seven times daily, did not improve glycemic control or pregnancy outcome in women with pregestational diabetes.
Zeolite and potting soil sorption of CO2 and NH3 evolved during co-composting of grape and tobacco waste
Authors: Kučić Dajana , Kopčić Nina , Briški Felicita 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe gaseous byproducts produced during the composting of different kinds of solid waste are carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3). CO2 is a greenhouse gas and NH3 is a toxic and corrosive air pollutant so, they must be removed from exhaust gases prior to release into the atmosphere. The purpose of this work was to investigate the sorption of CO2 and NH3, evolved during composting, on zeolite and potting soil. The composting of the mixture of grape waste (GW) and tobacco waste (TW) in the mass ratio GW: TW = 55: 45 (dry mass basis) was carried out under forced aeration (0.645 L min−1 kg−1) in a column reactor (10 L) under adiabatic conditions over 21 days. Adsorption of the gases evolved was carried out in the fixed-bed column reactor (0.166 L). The most important physical-chemical characteristics of the composting mass and adsorbents and the evolved CO2 and NH3 were closely monitored. The highest CO2 and NH3 concentrations were measured at the thermophilic stage and the cooling stage of composting, respectively. The results showed that zeolite and potting soil were good adsorbents for the sorption of CO2 and NH3. The zeolite adsorbed 31 % of the evolved CO2 and the entire concentration of ammonia, whilst the potting soil adsorbed 3 % of CO2 and 49 % of NH3 from the exhaust gases.
Risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in cancer
Authors: Fisher William I. , Johnson Aimee K. , Elkins Gary R. , Otte Julie L. , Burns Debra S. , Yu Menggang , Carpenter Janet S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAnswer questions and earn CME/CNEHot flashes are prevalent and severe symptoms that can interfere with mood, sleep, and quality of life for women and men with cancer. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in individuals with cancer. Electronic searches were conducted to identify relevant English‐language literature published through June 15, 2012. Results indicated that risk factors for hot flashes in cancer include patient‐related factors (eg, age, race/ethnicity, educational level, smoking history, cardiovascular risk including body mass index, and genetics) and disease‐related factors (eg, cancer diagnosis and dose/type of treatment). In addition, although the pathophysiology of hot flashes has remained elusive, these symptoms are likely attributable to disruptions in thermoregulation and neurochemicals. Therapies that have been offered or tested fall into 4 broad categories: pharmacological, nutraceutical, surgical, and complementary/behavioral strategies. The evidence base for this broad range of therapies varies, with some treatments not yet having been fully tested or showing equivocal results. The evidence base surrounding all therapies is evaluated to enhance hot flash treatment decision‐making by clinicians and patients. CA Cancer J Clin 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.