bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on Chemo-Mechano Stabilities of the Molybdenum Thin Films Deposited by DC-Sputter Technique
Authors: Agawane Ganesh L. , Shin Seung W. , Vanalakar Sharadrao A. , Suryawanshi Mahesh P. , Moholkar Annasaheb V. , Kim Jin H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper reports the chemical and mechanical stability of Molybdenum
(Mo) thin films deposited by direct current magnetron
sputtering technique onto soda lime glass substrates. Mo thin
films were deposited at various Ar (working) gas pressures to
get optimized structural, morphological, adhesive and electrical
properties. Mo thin films were further characterized by field
emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction,
Hall measurements and the cross hatch tape test. To study their
chemical stability the prepared Mo thin films were further
dipped in acetic acid and ammonia solution for
6 h. Mechanical stability of Mo thin films was
tested by high speed ultrasonication for an hour. Both the chemical
and mechanical stability studies showed that Mo thin films were
highly stable since morphology, adhesion and electrical properties did
not alter significantly. FE-SEM results showed that the grain size of
the chemo-mechano stability tested Mo thin films remained
significantly similar with an unimportant effect on the film
thickness. Electrical properties showed that electrical resistivity
and hall mobility for as-deposited Mo thin films were
2.7 · 10
–5 Ω cm
and 5.1 cm2/Vs, respectively
and remained nearly stable regardless of chemical and mechanical
treatment. All of the films passed the cross hatch tape test and
showed an excellent adhesion with glass substrates. The wettability
investigations showed that all the Mo thin films were
hydrophilic in nature and having contact angles in the range of
35○ to 40○.
Supervision on Transference and Counter-Transference Issues for Undergraduate Students’ Counseling Practice at Counseling Department
Authors: Diniaty Amirah 
Published: December 2014

Undergraduate students should take 4 credits for counseling practice subject in Counseling Department of State Islamic University of Riau. The subject is taken by seventh semester students who conduct counseling practice at senior high school for 3 months. Based on prelimenary study, majority of students acknowledged that they felt nervous to follow this programme. Thus, the problem of transference and counter transference issue for undergraduate students counseling practice must be answered by their supervisions. The result showed that a total of 93% of respondents had positive transference, while 7% of them had negative one. It means that majority of respondents felt positive transference, while internship students faced identification counter transference. It was proved that internship students did not need to have negative thinking of being rejected by the schools. The finding also showed that 97.3% of interenship students faced identification counter transference, while 2,7% of them experienced for unidentification of transfenece. It means that there were a few of them should be supervised to have good counter transference. Supervision format that done by supervisor (university teacher) and tutor (high school teacher) was by conducting monthly meeting and by following up counseling result and writing report. It is recommended that a professional discussion is conducted to discuss problems faced by internship students.
Pt/n-GaN metal-semiconductor and Pt/HfO2/n-GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor Schottky diodes
Authors: Shetty Arjun , Roul Basanta , Mukundan Shruti , Chandan Greeshma , Mohan Lokesh , Vinoy K J , Krupanidhi S B 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTGallium nitride (n-type) films of thickness 300nm were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). High resolution X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements were used to confirm the crystalline and optical qualities of the grown films. Metal-semiconductor Schottky diodes were fabricated using Pt as the Schottky metal and Al as the Ohmic metal contact. Metal-insulator-semiconductor Schottky diodes were also fabricated using HfO2 (10nm) as the insulator material. Diode parameters like barrier height and ideality factor were extracted from I-V measurements. Introduction of HfO2 as the insulator layer leads to better rectifying behavior (forward to reverse current ratio improves from 5.1 to 8.9) with a reduction in reverse leakage current (by 7.4 times), increase in barrier height (from 0.62eV to 0.74eV) and a reduction in ideality factor (from 6 to 4.1) of the Schottky diode.
Martensitic Transformation and Mechanical Properties of Fe-added Au-Cu-Al Shape Memory Alloy with Various Heat Treatment Conditions
Authors: Umise Akira , Tahara Masaki , Goto Kenji , Inamura Tomonari , Hosoda Hideki 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn order to improve shape memory properties of Au-Cu-Al based shape memory alloys, the possibility to utilize thermo-mechanical treatment was investigated in this study, and effects of heat-treatment temperature on microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of cold-rolled Au-30Cu-18Al-2Fe (AuCuAlFe) alloy were clarified by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile tests at room temperature (RT). Here, Fe addition to AuCuAl improves ductility. Cold rolling with the thickness reduction of 30% was successfully carried out in AuCuAlFe at RT. An exothermic heat was observed in DSC at temperature from 402K, suggesting that recovery started at 402K. Besides, the transformation temperature hysteresis increased by the cold-rolling. The alloy was completely recrystallized after the heat treatment at 573K for 3.6ks. Tensile tests revealed that the yield stress was raised by cold rolling and largely by the subsequent heat treatment at 433K, which corresponded to the recovery start temperature by DSC. The yield stress decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature over 453K, probably due to recrystallization. AuCuAlFe cold-rolled and subsequent heat-treated at 573K exhibited the lowest yield stress as well as stress-plateau region, indicating that the thermo-mechanical treatment is effective to improve shape memory properties of Au-Cu-Al based alloys.
Tobacco-, Alcohol-, and Drug-Attributable Deaths and Their Contribution to Mortality Disparities in a Cohort of Homeless Adults in Boston
Authors: Baggett Travis P. , Chang Yuchiao , Singer Daniel E. , Porneala Bianca C. , Gaeta Jessie M. , O’Connell James J. , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives. We quantified tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-attributable deaths and their contribution to mortality disparities among homeless adults. Methods. We ascertained causes of death among 28 033 adults seen at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program in 2003 to 2008. We calculated population-attributable fractions to estimate the proportion of deaths attributable to tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. We compared attributable mortality rates with those for Massachusetts adults using rate ratios and differences. Results. Of 1302 deaths, 236 were tobacco-attributable, 215 were alcohol-attributable, and 286 were drug-attributable. Fifty-two percent of deaths were attributable to any of these substances. In comparison with Massachusetts adults, tobacco-attributable mortality rates were 3 to 5 times higher, alcohol-attributable mortality rates were 6 to 10 times higher, and drug-attributable mortality rates were 8 to 17 times higher. Disparities in substance-attributable deaths accounted for 57% of the all-cause mortality gap between the homeless cohort and Massachusetts adults. Conclusions. In this clinic-based cohort of homeless adults, over half of all deaths were substance-attributable, but this did not fully explain the mortality disparity with the general population. Interventions should address both addiction and non-addiction sources of excess mortality.
Asian American Women in California: A Pooled Analysis of Predictors for Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Chawla Neetu , Breen Nancy , Liu Benmei , Lee Richard , Kagawa-Singer Marjorie 
Published: December 2014

Objectives. We examined patterns of cervical and breast cancer screening among Asian American women in California and assessed their screening trends over time. Methods. We pooled weighted data from 5 cycles of the California Health Interview Survey (2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009) to examine breast and cervical cancer screening trends and predictors among 6 Asian nationalities. We calculated descriptive statistics, bivariate associations, multivariate logistic regressions, predictive margins, and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Multivariate analyses indicated that Papanicolaou test rates did not significantly change over time (77.9% in 2001 vs 81.2% in 2007), but mammography receipt increased among Asian American women overall (75.6% in 2001 vs 81.8% in 2009). Length of time in the United States was associated with increased breast and cervical cancer screening among all nationalities. Sociodemographic and health care access factors had varied effects, with education and insurance coverage significantly predicting screening for certain groups. Overall, we observed striking variation by nationality. Conclusions. Our results underscore the need for intervention and policy efforts that are targeted to specific Asian nationalities, recent immigrants, and individuals without health care access to increase screening rates among Asian women in California.
Groundwater Level Monitoring for Hydraulic Characterization of an Unconfined Aquifer by Common Mid-point Measurements using GPR
Authors: Liu Hai , Xie Xiongyao , Cui Jie , Takahashi Kazunori , Sato Motoyuki 
Published: December 2014

Because of its limited bandwidth, ground penetrating radar (GPR) signal has an oscillating character that degrades the ability to distinguish reflection events and introduces an error in the velocity analysis. In this paper, we use the analytic signal to calculate the envelope velocity spectrum, which is void of the oscillating nature of a GPR wavelet. A comparison study on a synthetic common mid-point (CMP) gather demonstrates that the envelope velocity spectrum gives a more robust velocity estimation. We applied this technique to explore the potential of GPR for monitoring the pumping-induced groundwater level change, then estimating the hydraulic properties of an aquifer in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. A field survey was conducted along three different directions when a production well was under pumping and static conditions. In addition, a simple velocity picking scheme was suggested based on the maximum coherency curve. From the velocity picks, the vertical profiles of interval electromagnetic velocity and water content were estimated. The groundwater table was easily identified in these profiles. The groundwater level changes under the CMP sounding locations along the northeast and north survey lines were estimated to be 27 and 23 cm, respectively, whereas it failed to detect the groundwater level change on the northwest survey line because of the effect of strong scatterers near the groundwater table. The estimated groundwater level change was input into the unconfined aquifer model for estimating the hydraulic conductivity, which yields comparable results with a previous study. We conclude that the hydraulic parameter estimation using GPR is much easier and effective than the conventional hydraulic test methods.
The Outburst Risk as a Function of the Methane Capacity and Firmness of a Coal Seam
Authors: Wierzbicki Mirosław , Skoczylas Norbert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In most coal basins that are currently being exploited, gas and rock outbursts pose a considerable safety threat. The risk of their occurrence is frequently assessed by means of a parameter known as the methane capacity of coal. In a lot of countries, the evaluation of the mechanical properties of coal is conducted by means of another parameter: the firmness of coal. Due to the laboratory investigations and in situ observations carried out by the authors of this paper, it was possible to determine a function space in which the outburst risk can be described as a function of the methane capacity and firmness of a coal seam. This, in turn, made it possible to link the „gas factor” to the „mechanical factor”, and thus provide a more comprehensive risk analysis.
Dye-sensitized solar cells with natural dyes extracted from plant seeds
Authors: El-Ghamri Hatem , El-Agez Taher , Taya Sofyan , Abdel-Latif Monzir , Batniji Amal 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The application of natural dyes extracted from plant seeds in the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been explored. Ten dyes were extracted from different plant seeds and used as sensitizers for DSSCs. The dyes were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. DSSCs were prepared using TiO2 and ZnO nanostructured mesoporous films. The highest conversion efficiency of 0.875 % was obtained with an allium cepa (onion) extract-sensitized TiO2 solar cell. The process of TiO2-film sintering was studied and it was found that the sintering procedure significantly affects the response of the cell. The short circuit current of the DSSC was found to be considerably enhanced when the TiO2 semiconducting layer was sintered gradually.
FP-LMTO study of structural, electronic, thermodynamic and optical properties of MgxCd1−x
Se alloys
Authors: Bensaid D. , Ameri M. , El Hanani M. , Azaz Y. , Bendouma D. , Al-Douri Y. , Ameri I. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Structural, electronic and optical properties of MgxCd1−x
Se (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are calculated for the first time using density functional theory. Our results show that these properties are strongly dependent on molar fraction of particular components — x. The bond between Cd and Se is partially covalent and the covalent nature of the bond decreases as the concentration of Mg increases from 0 % to 100 %. It is found that MgxCd1−x
Se has a direct band gap in the entire range of x and the band gap of the alloy increases from 0.43 to 2.46 eV with the increase in Mg concentration. Frequency dependent dielectric constants ɛ1(ω), ɛ2(ω) refractive index n(ω) are also calculated and discussed in detail. The peak value of refractive indices shifts to higher energy regions with the increase in Mg. The larger value of the extraordinary refractive index confirms that the material is a positive birefringence crystal. The present comprehensive theoretical study of the optoelectronic properties of the material predicts that it can be effectively used in optoelectronic applications in the wide range of spectra: IR, visible and UV. In addition, we have also predicted the heat capacities (CV), the entropy (S), the internal energy (U) and the Helmholtz free energy (F) of MgxCd1−x
Se ternary alloys.
Evaluated gas production cross-section data for natural titanium irradiated with protons at energies up to 3 GeV
Authors: Akça S. , Konobeyev A. Yu. , Fischer U. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Evaluated proton, deuteron, triton, 3He and 4He production cross-section data were prepared for natural titanium irradiated with protons at the energy up to 3 GeV. The evaluated data were obtained from the analysis of results of nuclear model calculations, available measured, and systematic data. The calculations of gas production cross-sections were carried out using the intranuclear cascade model (INC), the pre-equilibrium exciton model, geometry dependence hybrid (GDH) model, Weisskopf-Ewing (WE) model, and the Hauser-Feshbach model. CASCADE, TALYS, ALICE/ASH, and ALICE/HMS codes were used for calculations. Available experimental and systematic data, model calculations were used to evaluate gas production cross-section. The evaluation was carried out using statistical methods implemented in the BEKED code package developed at KIT/INR. The evaluated cross-sections were compared with the data from evaluated data libraries.
Obtaining the neutronic and thermal hydraulic parameters of the VVER-1000 Bushehr nuclear reactor core by coupling nuclear codes
Authors: Karahroudi Mohsen Rafiei , Mousavi Shirazi Seyed Alireza 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this research, the simulation of one-sixth of the VVER-1000 reactor core is carried out by the WIMS-D4 nuclear code, based on the symmetry of the core and information obtained from the Final Safety Analysis Report. The atomic densities of some important nuclear materials and fission poisons are calculated by the WIMS-D4 code at the end of the first fuel cycle. In addition, the cross sections of some nuclides are obtained by WIMS-D4, and they are transferred into the CITATION code as inputs. In the next stage, neutron flux and reactor power are calculated by the CITATION code in Cold Zero Power and Hot Full Power status, and subsequently the heat flux of the core is obtained. Then the results are returned again into the extended program cycle. Finally, the heat flux of the core is inputted into the COBRA code, and the temperatures of fuel, clad and coolant are calculated along the various distances applying the COBRA thermal hydraulic code, through the results of the CITATION code and also initial data as default created from the Final Safety Analysis Report. In conclusion, there are some interesting outcomes resulting form the obtained results.
Equivalent thermal conductivity of the storage basket with spent nuclear fuel of VVER-1000 reactors
Authors: Alyokhina S. , Kostikov A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Due to limitation of computation resources and/or computation time many thermal problems require to use simplified geometrical models with equivalent thermal properties. A new method for definition of equivalent thermal conductivity of spent nuclear fuel storage casks is proposed. It is based on solving the inverse heat conduction problem. For the proposed method two approaches for equivalent thermal conductivity definition were considered. In the first approach a simplified model in conjugate formulation is used, in the second approach a simplified model of solid body which allows an analytical solution is used. For safety ensuring during all time of spent nuclear fuel storage the equivalent thermal conductivity was calculated for different storage years. The calculated equivalent thermal conductivities can be used in thermal researches for dry spent nuclear fuel storage safety.
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown origin: hospital course and long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up
Authors: Elhadi Ali M. , Zabramski Joseph M. , Almefty Kaith K. , Mendes George A. C. , Nakaji Peter , McDougall Cameron G. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Preul Mark C. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
Hemorrhagic origin is unidentifiable in 10%–20% of patients presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While the patients in such cases do well clinically, there is a lack of long-term angiographic followup. The authors of the present study evaluated the long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up of a patient cohort with SAH of unknown origin that had been enrolled in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT).

METHODS
The BRAT database was searched for patients with SAH of unknown origin despite having undergone two or more angiographic studies as well as MRI of the brain and cervical spine. Follow-up was available at 6 months and 1 and 3 years after treatment. Analysis included demographic details, clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale, modified Rankin Scale [mRS]), and repeat vascular imaging.

RESULTS
Subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology was identified in 57 (11.9%) of the 472 patients enrolled in the BRAT study between March 2003 and January 2007. The mean age for this group was 51 years, and 40 members (70%) of the group were female. Sixteen of 56 patients (28.6%) required placement of an external ventricular drain for hydrocephalus, and 4 of these subsequently required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Delayed cerebral ischemia occurred in 4 patients (7%), leading to stroke in one of them. There were no rebleeding events. Eleven patients were lost to followup, and one patient died of unrelated causes. At the 3-year follow-up, 4 (9.1%) of 44 patients had a poor outcome (mRS > 2), and neurovascular imaging, which was available in 33 patients, was negative.

CONCLUSIONS
Hydrocephalus and delayed cerebral ischemia, while infrequent, do occur in SAH of unknown origin. Long-term neurological outcomes are generally good. A thorough evaluation to rule out an etiology of hemorrhage is necessary; however, imaging beyond 6 weeks from ictus has little utility, and rebleeding is unexpected.
Effects of vertebroplasty on endplate subsidence in elderly female spines
Authors: Nagaraja Srinidhi , Awada Hassan K. , Dreher Maureen L. , Bouck John T. , Gupta Shikha 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
The aim in this study was to quantify the effects of vertebroplasty on endplate subsidence in treated and adjacent vertebrae and their relationship to endplate thickness and underlying trabecular bone in elderly female spines.

METHODS
Vertebral compression fractures were created in female cadaveric (age range 51–88 years) thoracolumbar spine segments. Specimens were placed into either the control or vertebroplasty group (n = 9/group) such that bone mineral density, trabecular microarchitecture, and age were statistically similar between groups. For the vertebroplasty group, polymethylmethacrylate bone cement was injected into the fractured vertebral body under fluoroscopy. Cyclic compression (685–1370 N sinusoid) was performed on all spine segments for 115,000 cycles. Micro-CT scans were obtained before and after cyclic loading to quantify endplate subsidence. Maximum subsidence was compared between groups in the caudal endplate of the superior adjacent vertebra (SVcau); cranial (TVcra) and caudal (TVcau) endplates of the treated vertebra; and the cranial endplate of the inferior adjacent vertebra (IVcra). In addition, micro-CT images were used to quantify average endplate thickness and trabecular bone volume fraction. These parameters were then correlated with maximum endplate subsidence for each endplate.

RESULTS
The maximum subsidence in SVcau endplate for the vertebroplasty group (0.34 ± 0.58 mm) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than for the control group (−0.13 ± 0.27 mm). Maximum subsidence in the TVcra, TVcau, and IVcra endplates were greater in the vertebroplasty group, but these differences were not significant (p > 0.16). Increased subsidence in the vertebroplasty group manifested locally in the anterior region of the SVcau endplate and in the posterior region of the TVcra and TVcau endplates (p < 0.10). Increased subsidence was observed in thinner endplates with lower trabecular bone volume fraction for both vertebroplasty and control groups (R2 correlation up to 62%). In the SVcau endplate specifically, these 2 covariates aided in understanding subsidence differences between vertebroplasty and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Bone cement injected during vertebroplasty alters local biomechanics in elderly female spines, resulting in increased endplate disruption in treated and superior adjacent vertebrae. More specifically, bone cement increases subsidence in the posterior regions of the treated endplates and the anterior region of the superior caudal endplate. This increased subsidence may be the initial mechanism leading to subsequent compression fractures after vertebroplasty, particularly in vertebrae superior to the treated level.