bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new formula for estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in an ethnic Chinese population
Authors: Hu Ching-Yun , Lee Chia-Lin , Sheu Wayne H.-H. , Wang Jun-Sing , Lee I-Te , Song Yuh-Min , Fu Chia-Po , Ling Jiin-Tsae , Li Yu-Fen , Lin Shih-Yi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is usually estimated by the Friedewald formula (FF) calculated from three parameters, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). We aimed to develop a new and simple formula (NF) for LDL-C estimation.This cross-sectional study enrolled two study populations (a testing group, n=16,749, and a validation group, n=4940). Linear regression analysis was used in the testing group to investigate the association between measured LDL-C (mLDL-C) and TC concentration, and was verified in the validation group.The NF yielded an estimated LDL-C (eLDL-C) equal to 0.75×total cholesterol–0.6465 (mmol/L). For the subjects with TC between 2.58 and 7.74 mmol/L, the difference between mLDL-C and eLDL-C using the NF was less than that from the FF (testing group: –0.04 to –0.20 vs. –0.28 to –0.38 mmol/L; validation group: 0.01 to –0.12 vs. –0.23 to –0.30 mmol/L; p<0.001, respectively). The predictability of the NF was not inferior to that of the FF in subjects with different triglyceride and HDL-C concentrations, and was not affected by diabetes diagnosis and statin use. However, the NF performed similar to or worse than the FF at TC concentrations <2.58 mmol/L and >7.74 mmol/L, respectively.In the Chinese population, the accuracy of eLDL-C measurement with the NF was better than that with the FF, especially in subjects with TC levels between 2.58 and 7.74 mmol/L. The NF is simple and may be used for screening as well as for follow-up of patients on lipid lowering agents.
Testing The Performance Of The Investment Portfolio Using Block Bootstrap Method
Authors: Radovanov Boris , Marcikić Aleksandra 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to create a stable model of investment portfolio optimization through a high degree of diversification and reduction of sudden changes in the allocation with monitoring of the dynamics of the impact factor. In this sense, there is bootstrap application procedure, which, without an excessive number of constraints involved in the optimization process provides solutions based on uncertain information. Thus defined, the optimization method has been patented by Michaud (1999) entitled re-sampled efficiency. Accordingly, this paper offers a comparison of the performance block bootstrap optimization models and traditional Markowitz's model inside and outside of the sample by applying the most frequently traded stocks on the BSE. The results show a better performance out of the sample and the presence of a larger number of shares forming the portfolio through bootstrap methodology. However, only through the traditional optimization process could be attained optimum according to the required limits. Such effects can be observed by comparing the limits of efficiency obtained through these optimization models. However, optimization-based methods bootstrap finds its place in reducing errors of assessment resulting from the limited sample size.
The Enterprise Creditworthiness Evaluation – By Z” Score Model
Authors: Begović Sanja Vlaović , Momčilović Mirela , Tomašević Stevan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
There are numerous models which are under contemporary business conditions used for assessment of creditworthiness and forecasting bankruptcy possibility of a enterprise. One of these models is Altman Z – score model. On the basis of adjustments of original model for possibility of bankruptcy forecasting, which is applicable just to enterprises with whose stocks are traded on organized market, a modified model was developed which is applicable only to enterprises with whose stocks are not traded on organized market. Altman made additional modification of model and formulated Z’’ score model that is applied on production and unproductive enterprises, as well as on enterprises that operate in developing countries. Stated models separate financially successful enterprises from those that are threatened by bankruptcy proceedings. On the basis of Z’’ score model Altman classified credit rating of enterprises and with it developed Z’’ score adjusted model. In this paper, we conducted the analyses of credit rating for 33 enterprises in restructuring and 90 enterprises that are not in restructuring, by using Z’’ score adjusted model, as well as determined possibility of occurrence of bankruptcy of enterprise on the basis of Z’ score model. Authors concluded that approximately 57% of analyzed enterprises in restructuring have the lowest credit rating, while possibility of occurrence of bankruptcy in the next two years for those enterprises is more than 90%. On the other hand, approximately 60% of enterprises which are not in restructuring have high credit rating and operate in safe zone, while approximately 6% of enterprises have the lowest credit rating with high possibility of occurrence of bankruptcy in the next two years.
Online privacy: Attacks and defenses
Authors: Herrmann Dominik 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
I approach privacy issues on the Internet from two ends. On the one hand, I design and evaluate defensive measures, so-called privacy enhancing technologies (PETs), which can be used by individuals to protect themselves against surveillance on the Internet. On the other hand, I study the efficacy of offensive techniques. I am especially interested in passive surveillance techniques that cannot be detected. For instance, I have shown how machine learning techniques can be used to infer the contents of encrypted traffic and how to track users solely based on characteristic behavioral patterns.
Crystal structure, magnetic, fluorescent, electrochemical properties and thermal stability of a new copper(II) coordination polymer [Cu2(C5H4NCOO)2(C7H5N4)2]
n
Authors: Li Wei , Li Chang-Hong , Yang Ying-Qun , Li Heng-Feng 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A new copper(II) coordination polymer [Cu2(C5H4NCOO)2(C7H5N4)2]
n
(1) has been synthesized with 4-pyridinecarboxylate and 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazolyl ligands. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring copper(II) ions are coordinated with two deprotonated (anionic) 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole ligands to form a binuclear structure. Adjacent binuclear units are linked by 4-pyridinecarboxylate anions to form a three-dimensional network structure. The magnetic, fluorescent, and electrochemical properties and thermal stability of 1 were studied. The results show that 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic interaction, and upon excitation at 318 nm, it has an intense fluorescent emission at approximately 430 nm. The electron transfer of 1 is irreversible in electrode reactions. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that 1 is stable below 240 °C.
Adaptive Multiresolution Computations Applied to Detonations
Authors: Roussel Olivier , Schneider Kai 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A space-time adaptive method is presented for the reactive Euler equations describing chemically reacting gas flow where a two species model is used for the chemistry.
The governing equations are discretized with a finite volume method and dynamic space adaptivity is introduced
using multiresolution analysis.
A time splitting method of Strang is applied to be able to consider stiff problems while keeping
the method explicit.
For time adaptivity an improved Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg scheme is used.
Applications deal with detonation problems in one and two space dimensions.
A comparison of the adaptive scheme with reference computations on a regular grid allows to assess
the accuracy and the computational efficiency, in terms of CPU time and
memory requirements.
Insertion of the Avalon Cannula for Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with an Implanted ASD Occlusion Device
Authors: Gordon Christopher , Koerner Michael M. , Ali Aman , Zeriouh Mohamad , Liszka Edward , El-Banayosy Aly , Brehm Christoph , Ghodsizad Ali 
Published: March 2015

Use of the Avalon Elite bicaval dual lumen catheter (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany) can be effective in patients requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) for adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Proper placement of the cannula is important in providing adequate therapy and avoiding life-threatening complications. We report a case of successful cannulation in a patient with an implanted atrial septal defect (ASD) occlusion device who developed severe <br />refractory ARDS.
A Case of Biventricular Failure after Pericardial Window for Large Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Koerner Michael M. , Alam Mahboob , El-Banayosy Aly , Misra Arunima , Wall, Jr Matthew J. , Zeriouh Mohamed , Lakkis Nasser M. , Ghodsizad Ali 
Published: March 2015

Pericardial tamponade resulting in hemodynamic compromise requiring either pericardiocentesis [Vandyke 1983] or subxiphoid pericardial window has been reported in literature [Armstrong 1984]. There are no large case series, only scattered case reports. Cardiac tamponade is known to affect the diastolic function of the heart but rare reports have documented systolic impairment of the left and right ventricle in the setting of tamponade [Vandyke 1983; Armstrong 1984]. We report a case of a transient biventricular systolic dysfunction in a patient with early cardiac tamponade after surgical drainage of pericardia1 effusion.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A RELAÇÃO ENTRE MORALIDADE E VIDA EM KANT
Authors: Araújo Alexandre Medeiros de 
Published: March 2015

O texto tem por objetivo defender a proposta kantiana para a moralidade da acusação de ser ela uma moralidade "abstrata", "vazia", "fria", em função de seu princípio formal. Segundo aquela maneira de ver a moralidade kantiana, essa proposta não teria nenhuma conexão com a vida efetiva dos seres humanos. Para defender a proposta kantiana contra essa acusação, serão levados em conta os elementos presentes na concepção de razão proposta por Kant e o modo como operam as faculdades na motivação moral. Segundo a concepção kantiana, a relação de determinação da vontade pela razão ocorre de uma maneira dinâmica entre as faculdades, razão e vontade, que se afinam em função de um fim da razão. Esse fim é a própria realização da virtude. A sua realização gera, por sua vez, um sentimento vivificador no ânimo do ser humano: o sentimento de respeito pela humanidade em cada pessoa como “fim em si”. O texto pretende argumentar que esse é um dos caminhos pelos quais podemos vislumbrar a proposta da moral kantiana para além do mero “formalismo vazio”. Ele chama, também, a atenção para aquilo que, na relação entre a lei moral e a vontade humana, configura a “força motriz” e “comoção” da moralidade em relação a essa mesma vontade.
Die sonographische Untersuchung des Kniegelenks beim Hund
Authors: Kramer M. , Ondreka N. , Nayseh K. 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Sonographie stellt ein kostengünstiges, nicht invasives und am wachen Patienten durchführbares Verfahren dar, das bei einer Lahmheit der Hintergliedmaße mit Lokalisation im Bereich des Kniegelenks wertvolle Befunde liefern kann. Der vorliegende erste Teil dieses Artikels beschreibt technische Voraussetzungen, Limitationen, anatomische Grundlagen sowie eine standardisierte Vorgehensweise für die sonographische Untersuchung des Kniegelenks. Sonomorphologische Veränderungen, die im Zusammenhang mit häufigen Erkrankungen des Kniegelenks (Gelenkerguss, Ruptur des kranialen Kreuzbands und Meniskuspathologien) auftreten, werden dargestellt. Die sonographische Diagnostik weiterer pathologischer Kniegelenkveränderungen ist Thema des zweiten Teils dieser Arbeit.
Characterization of Alkali Stress‐Responsive Genes of the CIPK Family in Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Guo Ming , Liu Qing , Yu Hui , Zhou Tingting , Zou Jing , Zhang Hui , Bian Mingdi , Liu Xuanming 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTCalcineurin B–like protein (CBL) interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are critical components in various stress signal transduction pathways. In previous studies, 32 putative CIPK genes (SbCIPKs) were identified in sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. In the present study, a conserved sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)–like kinase domain in the N terminus and a NAF motif (a 24‐amino‐acid domain with the conserved amino acids N, A, and F required for the CBL–CIPK interaction) in C terminus were identified in all SbCIPKs using sequence analysis. Stress‐ and light‐responsive cis‐elements were also identified in the promoter regions of sorghum CIPKs. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed different expression patterns among the 32 SbCIPKs under sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) stress in sweet sorghum seedlings. Based on the expression patterns, six SbCIPKs were upregulated >10‐fold at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, these six CIPKs showed leaf‐specific expression under normal growth conditions, suggesting a relationship between various regulations in leaf function and alkali stress responses in sweet sorghum. Systemic yeast two‐hybrid assay demonstrated the specific interaction between multiple SbCIPKs and SbCBLs. Thus, this study provides the first characterization of the role of the CIPK family proteins in response to alkali stress.
Phosphorous Efficiency and Tolerance Traits for Selection of Sorghum for Performance in Phosphorous‐Limited Environments
Authors: Leiser Willmar L. , Rattunde H. Frederick W. , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Weltzien Eva , Diallo Abdoulaye , Toure Abocar , Haussmann Bettina I.G. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is widely cultivated in West Africa (WA) on soils with low phosphorus (P) availability. Large genetic variation for grain yield (GY) under low‐P conditions was observed among WA sorghum genotypes, but information is lacking on the usefulness of P‐tolerance ratios (relative performance in –P [no P fertilizer] vs. +P [with P fertilizer] conditions) and measures of P‐acquisition and internal P‐use efficiency as selection criteria for enhancing GY under low‐P conditions. We evaluated 70 WA sorghum genotypes for GY performance under −P and +P conditions for 5 yr in two locations in Mali and assessed P acquisition (e.g., P content in biomass) and P‐use efficiency (e.g., grain produced per unit P uptake) traits under −P and +P conditions in one site in 2010. Significant genetic variation existed for all P‐tolerance ratios across multiple sites. Photoperiod‐sensitive landrace genotypes showed significantly better P tolerance and less delay of heading under P‐limited conditions compared with photoperiod‐insensitive varieties. Genotypic correlations of P‐tolerance ratios to GY under −P were moderate. Phosphorous acquisition and P‐use efficiency traits independent of harvest index were of similar importance for GY under −P conditions in statistically independent trials. However grain‐P and stover‐P concentrations from one −P trial showed only weak correlations with GYs in statistically independent trials. Highest predicted gains for −P GY were obtained by theoretical index selection based on −P GY combined with P‐use efficiency traits (e.g., low‐grain P concentration). Such index selection is expected to achieve both increased sorghum productivity and P sustainability in the P‐limited WA production systems.
Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling for Flexible Experiments in Decentralized Participatory Plant Breeding
Authors: Rivière Pierre , Dawson Julie C. , Goldringer Isabelle , David Olivier 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTDecentralized participatory plant breeding (PPB) is a method for creating new varieties adapted to agroecology based systems. Selection is decentralized in the target environments and relies on collaboration between farmers, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and researchers. In the wheat PPB project studied, the decentralization was extensive as each farmer participating in the project performed the selection experiment on his farm. This led to unbalanced designs with few residual degrees of freedom available for the within‐farm comparison of means. We investigated a hierarchical Bayesian modeling of trials’ residual variances using information from a large network of environments (48 farm × year). We found that the hierarchical approach allowed for robust results leading to reliable mean comparisons on farms. For each variable studied, differences among breeding populations within farms were large enough to carry out selection. This was possible because the farms shared a common experimental design and the number of environments in the network was large. Our approach is useful for farmers who cannot set up replicated trials on their farm but wish to participate in the program. The only constraint being the replication of at least one control on each farm, farmers are free to choose the populations they wish to test. This allows for the evaluation and selection of a wide range of diversity over the network of farms. This approach could also be interesting in other types of decentralized unreplicated trials such as those encountered in genetic resources screening or in multiple environments breeding.
Microspore Abortion and Abnormal Tapetal Degeneration in a Male‐sterile Wheat Line Induced by the Chemical Hybridizing Agent SQ‐1
Authors: Song Yulong , Wang Junwei , Zhang Gaisheng , Zhao Xinliang , Zhang Pengfei , Niu Na , Ma Shoucai 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relationship between abnormal degeneration of the tapetum and pollen abortion in an SQ‐1‐induced male‐sterile line of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), using semithin sectioning and cytochemistry. Anthers were collected from the tetrad through trinucleate stages, and 1.5% (w/v) acetocarmine staining was used to confirm the developmental stage. Lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins were detected by staining, and the area, mean optical density, and integrated optical density of the tapetum and pollen were calculated. Microspores of the male‐sterile line had a relatively smaller area and developed more slowly than those of the fertile control anthers, indicating that they had undergone abnormal mitosis and formed abnormal sperm cells containing only one or two nuclei in the mature pollen. In addition, although degeneration of the tapetum in the male‐sterile line commenced at the tetrad stage, which was earlier than in the control, degeneration was not completed until after that in the control. Semithin sectioning indicated that nutrient accumulation was abnormal in the male‐sterile line. No polysaccharides were found in tetrads in the male‐sterile line; at the early‐uninucleate stage, and fewer lipids and polysaccharides were found in the sterile pollen compared to the control. From the bi‐ to trinucleate pollen stages, polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins were lower in pollen of the male‐sterile line than in control pollen. Therefore, SQ‐1 probably delayed tapetal degeneration in the anthers of male‐sterile plants, leading to decreased nutrient supply and pollen abortion.
A Pedigree‐Based Reaction Norm Model for Prediction of Cotton Yield in Multienvironment Trials
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Crossa José , Bondalapati Krishna , De Meyer Geert , Pita Fabiano , Campos Gustavo de los 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTGenotype × environment interaction (G × E) plays a fundamental role in important agricultural traits such as grain yield or disease resistance. Therefore, modeling G × E is essential for the selection of high yielding and well‐adapted varieties. The availability of new sources of genetic and environmental information (e.g., dense panels for molecular markers coupled with large numbers of environmental covariates [EC]) provides important opportunities for studying and exploiting G × E. However, incorporating high‐dimensional genetic and environmental data and accounting for potential interactions is not an easy task. Recently we developed a genomic model that incorporates molecular markers, EC, and the interactions between them using co‐variance functions. In this paper we demonstrate how the same approach can be applied in cases where genetic information is based on pedigrees instead of molecular markers. We evaluated the models using a collection of 7809 grain yield records obtained from 582 cotton lines evaluated in 2 yr (2011 and 2012) over nine locations. A total of 76 EC were available and used to model main and interaction effects. Estimates of variance components indicated that G × E explained a sizable proportion of the phenotypic variance, and two cross‐validation analyses indicated that modeling G × E increases prediction accuracy by a considerable margin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study considering both pedigree and EC for the analysis of cotton yield. The models described here can be used for prediction of genetic merit and for selection for target environments.
Controlling Misclassification Rates in Identification of Haploid Seeds from Induction Crosses in Maize with High‐Oil Inducers
Authors: Melchinger Albrecht E. , Winter Markus , Mi Xuefei , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Schipprack Wolfgang , Mirdita Vilso 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn vivo production of double haploid (DH) lines in maize (Zea mays L.) requires reliable identification of haploid (H) seeds. A new method for achieving this goal is production of induction crosses with high‐oil (HO) inducers and sorting the resulting H and diploid crossing (C) seeds based on their oil content (OC). Balancing the false discovery rate (FDR) and false negative rate (FNR) by choice of a suitable proportion α of selected seeds represents an unsolved problem with this method. We investigated solutions by applying mixture distribution (MD) analysis to the OC of induction crosses for estimating the means and standard deviation (μH, μC, and σ) of H and C seeds and the haploid induction rate κ. Moreover, we developed formulas and software for calculating the FDR and FNR from these estimates. Using several induction crosses with HO inducer UH600, parameter estimates from (i) MD analysis in different environments and (ii) gold standard classification (GSC) of plants in the field agreed well for μH and μC, but only moderately for σ and κ. Parameter estimates from the MD provided meaningful guidelines for calculating the expected FDR and FNR. Selecting the α = 7.5% proportion of seeds with lowest OC was optimal for most induction crosses and balanced the FDR and FNR. In conclusion, induction crosses with HO inducers hold great promise for promoting the DH technology in maize, but an automated high‐throughput platform for sorting the seeds from the MD into several distinct classes with increasing OC is recommended to take full advantage of this novel approach.