bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speckle Pattern Analysis of PVK:rGO Composite Based Memristor Device
Authors: Jamali Ramin , Sajjadi Madeh , Taherkhani Babak , Abbaszadeh Davood , Moradi Ali‐Reza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe memristors are expected to be fundamental devices for neuromorphic systems and switching applications. The device made of a sandwiched layer of poly(N‐ vinylcarbazole) and reduced graphene composite between asymmetric electrodes (ITO/PVK:rGO/Al) exhibits bistable resistive switching behavior. The performance of the memristor can be optimized by controlling the doped graphene oxide. To assess the device performance when it switches between ON and OFF states, optical characterization approaches are highly promising due to their non‐destructive and remote nature. Here, speckle pattern (SP) analysis to this end is introduced. SPs include a huge amount of information about their generating mechanism, which is extracted through statistical elaboration. SPs of the PVK:rGO in different states in situ and examine the conduction mechanism is acquired. The variations in the statistical parameters are attributed to the resistance state of the PVK:rGO with regard to the physical switching mechanism. The resistance/conduction state, in turn, depends on the activity and properties of PVK:rGO memristors, as well as the additional non‐uniformities induced through the variations of density of carriers. The present optical methodology can be potentially served as a bench‐top device for characterization purposes of similar devices during their operating.
Silica Nanoparticles Tailored with a Molecularly Imprinted Copolymer Layer as a Highly Selective Biorecognition Element
Authors: Oluz Zehra , Yazlak Mustafa Göktürk , Kurşun Tuğana Talya , Nayab Sana , Glasser Gunnar , Yameen Basit , Duran Hatice 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMolecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles (SP‐MIP) are synthesized for the real‐time optical detection of low‐molecular‐weight compounds. Azo‐initiator‐modified silica beads are functionalized through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which leads to efficient control of the grafted layer. The copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) on azo initiator‐coated silica particles (≈100 nm) using chain transfer agent (2‐phenylprop‐2‐yl‐dithiobenzoate) is carried out in the presence of a target analyte molecule (l‐Boc‐phenylalanine anilide, l‐BFA). The chemical and morphological properties of SP‐MIP are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, SP‐MIP is located on the gold surface to be used as a biorecognition layer on the surface plasmon resonance spectrometer (SPR). The sensitivity, response time, and selectivity of SP‐MIP are investigated by three similar analogous molecules (l‐Boc‐Tryptophan, l‐Boc‐Tyrosine, and l‐Boc‐Phenylalanine) and the imprinted particle surface showed excellent relative selectivity toward l‐Boc‐Phenylalanine (l‐BFA) (k = 61), while the sensitivity is recorded as limit of detection = 1.72 × 10−4 m.
Supersoft Polymer Melts in Binary Blends of Bottlebrush cis‐1,4‐Polyfarnesene and cis‐1,4‐Polyisoprene
Authors: Tzourtzouklis Ioannis , Meier‐Merziger Moritz , Frey Holger , Floudas George 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBinary blends of polyterpenes are employed comprising cis‐1,4‐polyfarnesene (PF) with a bottlebrush architecture, and linear cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene (PI) as model systems toward supersoft polymer melts. The bottlebrush PF results in a low plateau modulus ( Pa) that can further be reduced with the addition of PI. Depending on the fraction of short PI chains in the athermal and nearly isofrictional blends, plateau moduli in the range from 1 to 10 kPa can be achieved. Tube dilation is very efficient in the present binary blends as compared to more common blends comprising long/short or linear/star chains of identical polymer structure.
Investigation of mechanical properties of compatibilized polyvinyl chloride/polylactic acid nanocomposites
Authors: Khamisinasab M. , Azizi A. , Najafi M. , Aghazadeh R. , Bagherian M.H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolymer alloying is particularly important due to the possibility of choosing a wide range of materials and the ability to design a product with desired properties. In case of incompatibility between the components, the resulting alloy cannot meet the set of desired properties and shows poor performance. In this research, alloys of polyvinyl chloride and polylactic acid were prepared in an internal mixer and nanoclay and maleic anhydride‐grafted styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MAH) compatibilizer were used to improve the properties. In order to investigate the morphology and phase distribution of polylactic acid, scanning electron microscope images were taken. Tensile and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis tests were performed to evaluate the properties of the samples. The scanning electron microscope test images show the improvement of system uniformity by adding compatibilizer to the alloy. Adding nanoclay to the alloy increased the storage modulus and uniformity of the system. An increase in glass transition temperature and storage modulus was observed in the samples containing compatibilizer, and the uniformity of the system was also improved. The tensile test results showed that by adding nanoclay up to 3 % by weight, the tensile strength and Young′s modulus increase. Addition of compatibilizer up to 5 % by weight increased the physical and mechanical properties.
The efficacy and safety of pH‐responsive and photothermal‐sensitive multifunctional nanoparticles loaded with cryptotanshinone for the treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Dan , Chen MingHang , Zheng Nan , Lu Ying , Wang Xiang , Jiang Chuan , Xu HongTao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA multifunctional polydopamine/mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded cryptotanshinone (PDA/MSN@CTS) was synthesized and subjected to investigating its physicochemical properties and anti‐gastric cancer (GC) effects. Utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, CTS was identified as our final research target. The structural morphology and physicochemical properties of PDA/MSN@CTS were examined. Near‐infrared (NIR) laser was employed to evaluate the photothermal properties of the PDA/MSN@CTS, along with pH‐responsive and NIR‐triggered release assessments. In vitro experiments evaluated the impact of PDA/MSN@CTS on the malignant behavior of AGS gastric cells. A subcutaneous tumor model was further established to evaluate the in vivo safety of PDA/MSN@CTS. Furthermore, the in vivo photothermal efficacy of PDA/MSN@CTS, in addition to its combined effect with photothermal therapy (PTT), was investigated. Uniform and stable PDA/MSN@CTS had been successfully synthesized and demonstrated efficient release under tumor environment and NIR irradiation. Upon increasing NIR laser conditions, in vivo cytotoxicity, apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, and suppression of migration and invasion of AGS cells by PDA/MSN@CTS were significantly enhanced. In vivo assessments revealed excellent blood compatibility and biosafety of PDA/MSN@CTS, alongside robust tumor tissue targeting. Combining nanoparticles with PTT facilitated the anti‐GC effects of PDA/MSN@CTS. Compared to free drugs, PDA/MSN@CTS exhibits higher selectivity towards cancer cells, demonstrating effective anticancer activity and biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, our nanomaterial possesses excellent photothermal properties, and under NIR conditions, PDA/MSN@CTS exhibits synergistic therapeutic effects.
Technology innovation decision‐making and optimal government subsidy strategy with endogenous bargaining power in a vertical supply chain
Authors: Chen Junlong , Han Zuli , Sun Xiaomin , Liu Jiali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents a vertical supply chain model that considers bargaining power to explore independent innovation and co‐innovation decisions and their impacts and analyzes the optimal subsidy strategy for co‐innovation. We find that collaboration promotes technology innovation. Increases in consumer innovation preferences and government subsidies are conducive to co‐innovation. Both independent and co‐innovation can promote Pareto improvements under limiting conditions. Government subsidies can improve co‐innovation performance, but the subsidy parameter needs to be regulated. The optimal subsidy strategy is influenced by the subsidy target and budget. Governments prefer an innovative degree subsidy or a production cost subsidy.
Investment in fuel‐consumption reduction technologies in a vehicle supply chain under different subsidy policies: A dynamic framework
Authors: Yi Yongxi , Zhang Meng , Li Yuqiong , Fu Chunyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt develops a differential game model of a fuel car supply chain in which consumers' low fuel consumption, green preferences, and government subsidies promote manufacturers' investment in fuel‐consumption reduction technologies (FCRT); the price, the fuel consumption per mile, and the retailer's marketing efforts jointly determine the demand for the product. There are four game scenarios constituted by ex ante or ex post government that subsidizes and shares or does not share marketing costs. The results show that ex ante and ex post subsidies can incentivize investment in FCRT. However, the preferable subsidy model depends on the parameter values; the manufacturer‐led marketing cost‐sharing contract results in supply chain coordination.
Optimizing agitated saline volume for contrast echocardiography: Balancing diagnostic performance and operator fatigue
Authors: Li Hezhi , Huang Yanying , Luo Dongling , Wen Song , Fei Hongwen , Zhang Caojin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAgitated saline contrast echocardiography, essential for patent foramen ovale detection, typically uses a 10 mL saline protocol, which may lead to operator fatigue and compromise diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to identify an optimal saline volume that balances diagnostic efficacy and minimizes operator fatigue.MethodsFifty‐three patients with suspected patent foramen ovale underwent echocardiography using three saline protocols: 10 mL (9 mL saline + 1 mL air), 7 mL (6.4 mL saline + 0.6 mL air), and 5 mL (4.6 mL saline + 0.4 mL air). The protocols were evaluated for their impact on microbubble signal intensity in the right atrium, right‐to‐left shunt grading, and operator fatigue, as assessed by the Borg CR10 scale.ResultsThe signal intensities were comparable between the 10 mL and 7 mL protocols, while the 5 mL protocol showed significantly lower signal intensities at all time points (p < 0.001). The 7 mL protocol achieved 100% right‐to‐left shunt grading concordance with the 10 mL protocol, while the 5 mL protocol showed decreased accuracy and recall. Operator fatigue significantly decreased with the reduction in saline volume (p < 0.001), and the 7 mL protocol demonstrated optimal diagnostic accuracy and reduced fatigue.ConclusionA 7 mL agitated saline volume is recommended for contrast echocardiography to maintain diagnostic accuracy while significantly reducing operator fatigue, offering a practical balance between diagnostic precision and operator comfort.
Cell‐type‐specific mRNA m6A landscape and regulatory mechanisms underlying pulmonary injury in COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Peidong , Wang Zhe , Yang Yuling , Duan Songqi , Dou Shengqian , Sun Huiying , Zhang Chi , Li Xueying , Li Jinpeng , Liu Yakun , Sang Mengmeng , Lv Xueqi , Zhang Tianli , Chen Chunxiao , Gong Fengcongzhe , Ping Xiaorui , Xing Wenlu , Ju Wenhao , Ping Yi , Sun Baofa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused millions of deaths. The risk of COVID‐19 spreading still exists after the deconfinement act, Omicron became the dominant variant. Although N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) regulators has been reported to affect the pathogenicity of COVID‐19, their mechanism in the progression of lung injury in COVID‐19 patients remain elusive. Here we show the landscape and specific mechanisms of m6A regulators in lung tissues through single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐Seq) data sets of 116,252 cells, and the external validation was performed using data from another snRNA‐Seq data. The m6A reader IGF2BP2 was specifically upregulated in alveolar type I (AT1) cells, resulting in impaired lung regeneration. ALKBH5 expression upregulation in macrophages, impairing immune responses. Moreover, WTAP markedly upregulated in fibroblasts, leading to pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, m6A regulators dysregulation induced aberrant cell–cell communication in pulmonary tissue and mediated ligand–receptor interactions across diverse cell types in lung tissues by activating the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Overall, these results indicated that the upregulation of m6A regulators in alveolar cells, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts may induce pulmonary injury in patients. The development of m6A‐regulator inhibitors could be as one potential antifibrotic drugs for COVID‐19.
A Natural Chalcone Cardamonin Inhibited Transformation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Through Binding to the Receptor Competitively
Authors: Zhang Tianshun , He Chao , Ota Shieru , Kitakaze Tomoya , Yamaji Ryoichi , Shimazu Sayuri , Yamashita Yoko , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: August 2024

ScopeChalcones are widely present in most plants and have various health beneficial functions. This study investigates the suppressive effect of 13 natural and synthetic chalcones on transformation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induced by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) and 3‐methylcholanthrene (3‐MC) in a cell‐free system, Hepa‐1c1c7 cells, and liver of ICR mice.Methods and resultsIn the cell‐free system, cardamonin dose‐dependently inhibits AhR transformation. Chalcones with substitution on 2′ and/or 6′ position is important for the suppressive effect, while the substitution on 4′ position is negatively for the effect. Moreover, cardamonin and 2′‐hydroxychalcone competitively inhibit the binding of [3H]‐3‐MC to the AhR. In Hepa‐1c1c7 cells, cardamonin inhibits AhR transformation and expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in a dose‐dependent manner through suppressing TCDD‐induced phosphorylation of both AhR and AhR nuclear translocator, heterodimerization of them, and nuclear translocation of AhR. In the liver of mice, oral administered cardamonin also inhibits 3‐MC‐induced AhR translocation and expression of CYP1A1.ConclusionAmong used chalcones, a natural chalcone cardamonin competitively binds to AhR and suppresses its transformation. Thus, cardamonin is an effective food factor for suppression of the dioxin‐caused biochemical alterations and toxicities.
Ensemble learning‐based pretreatment MRI radiomic model for distinguishing intracranial extraventricular ependymoma from glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: He Haoling , Long Qianyan , Li Liyan , Fu Yan , Wang Xueying , Qin Yuhong , Jiang Muliang , Tan Zeming , Yi Xiaoping , Chen Bihong T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to develop an ensemble learning (EL) method based on magnetic resonance (MR) radiomic features to preoperatively differentiate intracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) from glioblastoma (GBM). This retrospective study enrolled patients with histopathologically confirmed IEE and GBM from June 2016 to June 2021. Radiomics features were extracted from T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) sequence images, and classification models were constructed using EL methods and logistic regression (LR). The efficiency of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The combined EL model, based on clinical parameters and radiomic features from T1WI and T2WI images, demonstrated good discriminative ability, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.98), a specificity of 0.84, an accuracy of 0.92, and a sensitivity of 0.95 in the training set, and an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.94), a specificity of 0.83, an accuracy of 0.81, and a sensitivity of 0.74 in the validation set. The discriminative efficacy of the EL model was significantly higher than that of the LR model. Favorable calibration performance and clinical applicability for the EL model were observed. The EL model combining preoperative MR‐based tumor radiomics and clinical data showed high accuracy and sensitivity in differentiating IEE from GBM preoperatively, which may potentially assist in clinical management of these brain tumors.
Cashew tree gum exudate as a biopolymer electrolyte: The influence of glycerol plasticization
Authors: Anyaogu I. D. , Nwanya A. C. , Ezema F. I. , Ejikeme P. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGel polymer electrolytes were produced using cashew tree gum exudate dissolved in water with varying glycerol proportions and cast as films with different degrees of plasticization. The films' electrical, dielectric, and ion transport properties were measured using electrochemical impedance spectra. The films exhibited non‐Debye character manifesting a distribution of relaxation times. The conductivity of the films increased up to 10−6 Scm−1 at 10% glycerol content. The relaxation time and diffusion coefficient values varied from 6.48 × 10−3 to 3.9110−5 s and 9.89 × 10−8 to 1.81 × 10−3 cm2s−1, respectively. The ion mobility ranged from 3.79 × 10−13 to 6.98 × 10−9 cm2v−1 s−1, and the number density ranged from 1.74 × 1021 to 1.60 × 1023 cm−3. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis revealed the presence of several elements, primarily Ca, Ba, Na, and K. The constitution and morphology of the films were further examined using FTIR, and XRD, techniques.
Improving interactions at the electrochromic polymer‐transparent oxide electrode interface using alkyl phosphonic acid modifiers
Authors: Johnson Keith E. , Shen D. Eric , Reynolds John R. , Dyer Aubrey L 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs new synthetic methods for the preparation of solution processable electrochromic polymers are explored, including increasing synthetic scale beyond that of the research laboratory, it is expected that polymer intermolecular and intramolecular interactions will be affected. In this study, we explore the use of four different alkyl phosphonic acids of differing chain lengths as an interfacial treatment on ITO transparent electrodes to improve the polymer‐electrode interactions to mitigate the loss of film integrity and resulting electrochromic properties (current density, optical properties, and effective switch rates) during repeated oxidation/reduction and swelling/deswelling of the film. It was found that the phosphonic acid layer allows for a compatibilization of the polarity of the electrode surface with the polymer layer while also improving surface energy uniformity. We evaluated two electrochromic polymers (ECPs), and while a near complete delamination was observed on untreated ITO, film integrity was maintained beyond 25 repeated cycles, with polymer optical contrast maintained at all switching rates when coated onto dodecylphosphonic acid. Additionally, we show that electrochromic polymer film integrity is maintained over a range of film thicknesses. This method can be extended to applications using a variety of solution processable electroactive polymers in contact with metal oxide surfaces.
Fabrication of transparent glass fabric‐reinforced thermoplastic composite based on tow‐spreading technique
Authors: Jiang Lin , Jiang Shengkun , Liu Hang , Cao Shuai , Ji Tianqi , Huang Zhengqiang , Li Jiquan , Geng Tie , Wu Haihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHighly transparent and mechanically robust thermoplastic composites have been developed by hot‐pressing PETG with E‐glass fabrics. The tow‐spreading technique facilitates the reduction of internal defects and fiber crimp angle in the composites, thereby significantly improving their optical and mechanical properties. The optimized composite containing 55.1 vol% glass fibers and 0.4 mm thickness has a high transmittance of 86.1%@616 nm and a low overall haze of 7.2%. Moreover, the 1 mm thick composites exhibit tensile strength of up to 340 MPa and impact strength of up to 86.3 kJ/m2. After 28 days of hygrothermal or UV aging, the composites show minimal changes in their glass transition temperature and thermal degradation temperature. The chemical structure also remains unchanged, with no observed crystallization. In comparison to UV aging, the composites demonstrate better resistance against hygrothermal aging. Specifically, the hygrothermal aged sample displayed a light transmittance retention rate of 93.5% and a bending strength retention rate of 94.3%, while these values were reduced to 73.3% and 90.5%, respectively, in the UV aged sample. The opto‐mechanical properties enhanced mechanism and aging degradation mechanism have been identified by microscopic morphological observation. This work provides an innovative and straightforward approach to fabricate transparent, recyclable, high‐strength thermoplastic composites.Highlights
Highly transparent, mechanically robust, recyclable glass‐fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites are fabricated.
Composites with spread‐tow fabrics exhibits improved transparency.
The fabrication route is scalable and cost‐effective.
The mechanism for opto‐mechanical properties enhancement are proposed.
Optical, thermal, and electrical characteristics of cashew gum/Polypyrrole/zinc oxide nanocomposites for next‐gen optoelectronics
Authors: Kalladi Ayisha Jemshiya , Jayan Soorya , Ramesan M. T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this electronic era, there is a demand to switch from conventional polymers to conducting biopolymers. We developed conducting biopolymer nanocomposites of cashew gum (CG) and polypyrrole (PPy) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers [CG/PPy/ZnO] via in‐situ oxidative polymerization using a sustainable solvent. These nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR signal at 855 cm−1 confirms the successful inclusion of ZnO nanofillers into the biopolymer. UV–vis absorption of the blend nanocomposite increases with the nanoparticle doses. Among the various blend nanocomposites, the least bandgap energy was observed for 7 wt% ZnO loading. FE‐SEM revealed homogeneous dispersion of ZnO nanofillers in the CG/PPy blend at 7 wt% ZnO. TGA and DSC demonstrated that the CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites have better thermal stability and glass transition temperature than the pure polymer blend, indicating enhanced thermal properties. The CG/PPy/7 wt% ZnO showed the highest conductivity, 4.62 times greater than the pristine blend at 100 Hz. Dielectric constant, activation energy, AC conductivity and dielectric loss measurements demonstrated that the nanocomposites outperformed the pure polymer blend. Complex impedance analysis revealed increased impedance with rising temperature. Overall, CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites exhibit superior optical, morphological, thermal, electrical, and dielectric properties, making them promising for energy storage and optoelectronic applications.Highlights
Ecofriendly synthesis of CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites
Enhancement in optical, structural, and thermal properties of CG/PPy/ZnO
Dielectric properties and temperature‐dependent AC conductivity are summarized.
Blend nanocomposite shows higher AC conductivity and dielectric constant
CG/PPy/ZnO nanocomposites are suitable for energy storage applications