bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photographic assessment of cephalometric measurements
Authors: de Carvalho Rosas Gomes Liliane , Horta Karla Orfelina Carpio , Gandini Luiz Gonzaga , Gonçalves Marcelo , Gonçalves João Roberto 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between craniofacial measurements obtained from cephalometric radiographs and analogous measurements from profile photographs.

Materials and Methods:
Lateral cephalograms and standardized facial profile photographs were obtained from a sample of 123 subjects (65 girls, 58 boys; age 7–12 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated from repeated photographic measurements to evaluate method reliability. Analogous cephalometric and photographic measurements were compared to assess Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the measurements that achieved correlation coefficients greater than r  =  0.7.

Results:
The reliability of the photographic technique was satisfactory. Most measurements showed ICCs above 0.80 and highly significant correlations (P ≤ .001) with cephalometric variables. Among all measurements used, the A'N'B' angle was the most effective in explaining the variability of its analogous cephalometric, mainly for female subjects (r2  =  0.80). The FMA' angle showed the best results for vertical assessment (r2  =  0.65).

Conclusions:
The photographic method has proven to be a repeatable and reproducible tool provided that a standardized protocol is followed. Therefore, it may be considered a feasible and practical diagnostic alternative, particularly if there is a need for a low-cost and noninvasive method.
Preparation of polyaniline in the presence of polymeric sulfonic acids mixtures: the role of intermolecular interactions between polyacids
Authors: Gribkova Oxana , Omelchenko Olga , Trchová Miroslava , Nekrasov Alexander , Ivanov Victor , Tverskoy Vladimir , Vannikov Anatoly 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by chemical oxidation of aniline in the presence of mixtures of water-soluble poly(sulfonic acids) of different nature. Under these conditions, the use of polyacid templates leads to the formation of interpolymer complexes of PANI and polyacid mixtures. The obtained PANI complexes were characterized by UV, visible, near IR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the rigidity of the polyacid backbone and the composition of a polyacid mixture affect the electronic structure of PANI complexes and the duration of the induction period of aniline oxidation. Domination of the more rigid-backbone template in the synthesis of PANI complexes with mixtures of the rigid- and flexible-backbone polyacids was observed. According to the viscometry and FTIR spectroscopic data, the reason of the domination is the existence of the intermolecular interaction between the polyacids in the mixture. In this case, duration of the induction period of aniline oxidation was between these values for pure polyacids.
The Hyperacusis Questionnaire, loudness discomfort levels, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Authors: Jüris Linda , Ekselius Lisa , Andersson Gerhard , Larsen Hans Christian 
Published: April 2013

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare hyperacusis measurement tools often used in audiological practice in order to determine the most valid measure for assessing hyperacusis. Another aim was to examine the mean value for the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ) in this patient group.

Design:
This was a cross-sectional study to compare the HQ with loudness discomfort levels (LDL), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and items from a clinical interview dealing with hyperacusis symptoms. Sixty-two patients between the ages of 18 and 61 years were evaluated. All patients were diagnosed with hyperacusis.

Results:
There were significant negative correlations between the HQ and nearly all LDL scores for the right ear, but no significant correlations could be found for the left ear. LDLs were significantly correlated with the anxiety subscale of the HADS while there were no significant correlations between the HQ and either of the HADS scales. Of the 62 patients, 41 scored above and 21 scored below the previously recommended cut-off for the HQ.

Conclusion:
We suggest that clinicians should use the HQ and HADS in combination with a clinical interview to diagnose hyperacusis, and propose that the cut-off for the Swedish version of the HQ should be lowered.
Life Together: Lessons in Hospitality from Mamre
Authors: Monge Claudio 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: Abraham's encounter with the mysterious guests at Mamre teaches us many things about the centrality of gestures of hospitality for community. I have gleaned but six characteristics that enable us to develop our life together as Christians and beyond the boundaries of Christianity. First, the mere appearance of the other possesses a gratuitous quality. Second, the appearance of the other reorients our gaze away from self-interest and toward the other's needs. Third, a reoriented gaze opens up new perspectives on reality. The last three characteristics relate directly to developing our life together beyond the initial encounter. Gestures of hospitality create a space of profound sharing, but a space and a sharing that respect the mystery of identity. Last, community develops not as it grows outward but as its members develop more profound interior lives.
Cardinal Ratzinger in Dialogue with the Toronto School of Theology: What Was Said in 1986?
Authors: Steinhauser Michael G. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: A question-and-answer session on being a theologian of the Catholic Church. Topics include, for example, the theologian's responsibility to question claims of Church teachings by those in authority, development of the magisterium, methodology in critiquing of Scripture and use of doctrine, teaching of faith as authentic expression over and against theology as technical reflection, Eucharist and inter-communion, dissenting with retracting theological claims under duress, mysticism as substratum for theology to proposer, the idea of moral theology and the structure of dogmatic doctrine, and distinguishing between the Church's position and the opinion of the majority of theologians.
Novel Articulating Medullary-sparing Spacer for the Treatment of Infectious Hip Arthritis
Authors: Shen Hao , Wang Qiao-Jie , Zhang Xian-long , Jiang Yao 
Published: April 2013

Two-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered a safe choice for the treatment of primary infectious arthritis of the hip. In cases where the proximal portion of the femur is intact without infection, the use of a spacer with a femoral stem during the interim would disturb the normal femoral medullary cavity. The authors report the technical procedure and outcomes of cases using a novel medullary sparing, antibiotic-loaded hip spacer for the treatment of hip infections.
Five consecutive patients (5 hips) with infectious arthritis of the hip were treated in a 2-stage approach using an intraoperatively made medullary-sparing hip spacer. During the first-stage THA, after thorough debridement of potentially infected and necrotic soft tissues, the spacer was inserted into the femoral neck and fixed without opening the femoral canal. Antibiotics were administered for at least 6 weeks and were continued until the infection was controlled clinically, after which the second-stage THA was completed.
Infection was eradicated in all 5 hips. Average follow-up was 39.6 months (range, 30–59 months). At most recent follow-up, no recurrence of infection was observed. No specific complications were associated with the use of this novel spacer. Average Harris Hip Score improved from 35.2 (range, 28–43) before the first-stage THA to 61.6 (range, 54–71) between the 2 stages and to 93.6 (range, 89–99) at final follow-up. All patients ambulated with the aid of crutches during the interim period.
Accuracy of Distal Radius Positioning Using an Anatomical Plate
Authors: Vroemen Joy C. , Dobbe Johannes G. G. , Sierevelt Inger N. , Strackee Simon D. , Streekstra Geert J. 
Published: April 2013

Over the past decade, several anatomical plates have been introduced to improve the result of open reduction and internal fixation of the distal radius. Using 3-dimensional imaging techniques, the authors studied the accuracy and reproducibility of distal radius positioning using anatomical plates.
Distal radius fractures and the correction of these fractures were simulated with plastic bone models of radii. The authors simulated a defect by removing an arbitrary wedge shape from the artificial radii. Two surgeons corrected these fractures by placing 2 anatomical plate types according to the plate manufacturers’ instructions. The residual positioning errors of the distal segment in relation to the unaffected radii were determined using 3-dimensional imaging and were compared with naturally occurring bilateral radius differences in healthy individuals. In many cases, positioning does not agree with differences based on bilateral asymmetry in healthy patients.
This study indicated the accuracy of anatomical plates. Positioning an anatomical plate may lead to considerable residual errors in individual patients. Volar distal radius plate shapes differ among plate manufacturers. Therefore, one plate may perform better than another in an individual.
Influence of Spinous Process Spacers on Surgical Outcome of Laminoplasty for OPLL
Authors: Nagashima Hideki , Nanjo Yoshiro , Tanida Atsushi , Mihara Tokumitsu , Takeda Chikako , Teshima Ryota 
Published: April 2013

Expansive laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has had favorable outcomes. Many modifications of expansive laminoplasty have been developed, including expansive laminoplasty with and without spinous process spacers (SPS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgical outcomes were similar between expansive laminoplasty surgeries with and without SPS.
Of 109 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for OPLL, 68 patients undergoing expansive laminoplasty were included in the study after excluding patients with other conditions affecting their functional status. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their K-line, which connects the midpoints of the spinal canal at C2 and C7. Patients were further divided into 2 subgroups: those undergoing expansive laminoplasty without SPS (without SPS group) and those undergoing expansive laminoplasty with SPS (with SPS group). Surgical outcomes were evaluated between K-line (+) and K-line (−) groups. After dividing those groups further into the with SPS and without SPS groups, the differences in surgical outcomes were evaluated again.
No significant difference existed in the recovery rate between the with SPS and without SPS groups and between the K-line (+) and K-line (−) groups. When the surgical outcome was only evaluated in the K-line (+) group, the recovery rate 1 year postoperatively was higher in patients without SPS than in those with SPS. Therefore, for patients with K-line (+), the possibility exists that SPS can restrict the posterior shift of the spinal cord and affect the surgical outcome.
Posterior Chamber Toric Phakic IOL Implantation for the Management of Pediatric Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Althomali Talal Abdulrahman 
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE:
To report the outcomes of toric posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation in children for the treatment of amblyopia due to anisometropia with astigmatism.

METHODS:
Six eyes of 6 amblyopic patients aged 5 to 15 years underwent toric PIOL (Visian Toric ICL; STAAR Surgical Company, Monrovia, CA) implantation for refractory anisometropic amblyopia. Preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluation included slit-lamp microscopy, visual acuity, anterior/posterior segment examination, and cycloplegic refraction.

RESULTS:
After a mean follow-up of 23 months (range: 15 to 34 months), mean spherical equivalent cycloplegic refraction improved from −10.21 ± 4.62 diopters (D) (range −7.5 to −19.5 D) preoperatively to −0.42 ± 0.39 D (range: −0.625 to +0.125 D) postoperatively. Corrected distance visual acuity ranged from 20/40 to 20/200 preoperatively and 20/20 to 20/60 postoperatively. Five of the 6 eyes gained more than 3 lines of corrected distance visual acuity with a maximum gain of 8 lines in one eye. One eye showed an improvement of more than 2 lines (change in preoperative visual acuity of 20/100 to 20/60 postoperatively). No patients lost any lines of visual acuity. All eyes remained quiet. All PIOLs remained well centered throughout the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION:
Toric PIOL implantation may be a viable therapeutic modality in children with clinically significant anisometropic ametropia and astigmatism with secondary amblyopia who have been refractory to medical treatment including spectacles or contact lenses. Longer follow-up visits with larger sample populations will evaluate more effectively the long-term efficacy and late-onset of complications.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(6):396–400.]
Impaired Autophagy, Defective T Cell Homeostasis, and a Wasting Syndrome in Mice with a T Cell–Specific Deletion of Vps34
Authors: Parekh Vrajesh V. , Wu Lan , Boyd Kelli L. , Williams Janice A. , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Olivares-Villagómez Danyvid , Cover Timothy L. , Zong Wei-Xing , Zhang Jianhua , Van Kaer Luc 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in multiple aspects of the immune system, including the development and function of T lymphocytes. In mammalian cells, the class III PI3K vacuolar protein sorting (Vps)34 is thought to play a critical role in autophagy. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the role of Vps34 in autophagy, at least in certain cell types. To study the effects of Vps34 on autophagy in T lymphocytes, we generated mice that selectively lack Vps34 in the T cell lineage. Vps34 ablation in T cells caused profound defects in autophagic flux, resulting in accumulation of cellular organelles and apoptosis. These animals exhibited normal intrathymic development of conventional T cells, but they were profoundly impaired in the intrathymic development of invariant NKT cells. In peripheral organs, T cell–specific ablation of Vps34 had a profound impact on T cell homeostasis and function. Furthermore, aged animals developed an inflammatory wasting syndrome characterized by weight loss, intestinal inflammation, and anemia. Consistent with this phenotype, Vps34 was required for the peripheral maintenance and function of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Collectively, our study reveals a critical role for Vps34 in autophagy and for the peripheral homeostasis and function of T lymphocytes.
MicroRNA-146a Negatively Regulates the Immunoregulatory Activity of Bone Marrow Stem Cells by Targeting Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-2
Authors: Matysiak Mariola , Fortak-Michalska Maria , Szymanska Bożena , Orlowski Wojciech , Jurewicz Anna , Selmaj Krzysztof 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate the immune function of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are not known. We have shown previously that freshly isolated BMSCs when induced to express neuronal stem cell markers lose immunoregulatory function when transferred into mice sensitized to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Recently, microRNAs (miRs) have been shown to be involved in the regulation of several immune responses in both innate and acquired immunity. We now show that among several differentially expressed miRs, miR-146a was strongly upregulated in neuronally differentiated when compared with miR-146a expression in freshly isolated BMSCs or control BMSCs cultured in parallel but in nondifferentiating medium. Inhibition of miR-146a with a selective antagomir restored the immunoregulatory activity of nBMSCs. We mapped miR-146a to its multiple predicted target mRNA transcripts and found that miR-146a was predicted to block PGE2 synthase (ptges-2). We then showed that Ptges-2 was directly targeted by miR-146a using a luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, increased expression of miR-146a in BMSCs correlated with inhibition of PGE synthase-2 and inhibition of PGE2 release. Accordingly, inhibition of miR-146a restored synthesis of PGE2. These data support the conclusion that miR-146a plays a critical role in the control of the immunoregulatory potential of BMSCs.
Chemokine Receptor CXCR6-Dependent Hepatic NK T Cell Accumulation Promotes Inflammation and Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Wehr Alexander , Baeck Christer , Heymann Felix , Niemietz Patricia Maria , Hammerich Linda , Martin Christian , Zimmermann Henning W. , Pack Oliver , Gassler Nikolaus , Hittatiya Kanishka , Ludwig Andreas , Luedde Tom , Trautwein Christian , Tacke Frank 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Chronic liver injury characteristically results in hepatic inflammation, which represents a prerequisite for organ fibrosis. Although NKT cells are abundantly present in liver and involved in hepatic inflammation, molecular mechanisms of their recruitment in liver fibrosis remained elusive. We hypothesized that chemokine receptor CXCR6 and its ligand CXCL16 control NKT cell migration and functionality in liver fibrosis. In patients with chronic liver diseases (n = 58), CXCR6 and CXCL16 expression was intrahepatically upregulated compared with controls. In murine liver, Cxcl16 was strongly expressed by endothelium and macrophages, whereas lymphocyte populations (NKT, NK, CD4 T, CD8 T cells) expressed CXCR6. Intravital two-photon microscopy imaging of Cxcr6+/gfp and Cxcr6gfp/gfp mice and chemotaxis studies in vitro revealed that CXCR6 specifically controls hepatic NKT cell accumulation during the early response upon experimental liver damage. Hepatic invariant NKT cells expressed distinct proinflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ and IL-4 upon injury. CXCR6-deficient mice were protected from liver fibrosis progression in two independent experimental models. Macrophage infiltration and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4 were also reduced in fibrotic livers of Cxcr6−/− mice, corroborating that hepatic NKT cells provide essential cytokine signals perpetuating hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. Adoptive transfer of NKT cells, but not CD4 T cells, isolated from wild type livers restored hepatic fibrosis in Cxcr6−/− mice upon experimental steatohepatitis. Our results demonstrate that hepatic NKT cells accumulate CXCR6-dependent early upon injury, thereby accentuating the inflammatory response in the liver and promoting hepatic fibrogenesis. Interfering with CXCR6/CXCL16 might therefore bear therapeutic potential in liver fibrosis.
IL-17 Stimulates Differentiation of Human Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages and Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Neutrophils in Response to IL-10 and Glucocorticoids
Authors: Zizzo Gaetano , Cohen Philip L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Exposure of human monocytes/macrophages to anti-inflammatory agents, such as IL-10 or glucocorticoids, can lead to two separate fates: either Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis or differentiation into regulatory and efferocytic M2c (CD14brightCD16+CD163+Mer tyrosine kinase+) macrophages. We found that the prevalent effect depends on the type of Th cytokine environment and on the stage of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. In particular, the presence of IFN-γ (Th1 inflammation) or the prolonged exposure to IL-4 (chronic Th2 inflammation) promotes apoptosis of monocytes/macrophages and causes resistance to M2c differentiation, thus provoking impaired clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, uncontrolled accumulation of apoptotic cells, and persistent inflammation. In contrast, the presence of IL-17 (Th17 environment) prevents monocyte/macrophage apoptosis and elicits intense M2c differentiation, thus ensuring efficient clearance of apoptotic neutrophils and restoration of anti-inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the Th environment affects the expression of two distinct Mer tyrosine kinase isoforms: IL-4 downregulates the membrane isoform but induces an intracellular and Gas6-dependent isoform, whereas IFN-γ downregulates both and IL-17 upregulates both. Our data support an unexpected role for IL-17 in orchestrating resolution of innate inflammation, whereas IFN-γ and IL-4 emerge as major determinants of IL-10 and glucocorticoid resistance.
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Is Required for Apoptotic Cell Uptake via Regulating the Phosphorylation and Localization of Calreticulin
Authors: Byrne Jennifer C. , Ní Gabhann Joan , Stacey Kevin B. , Coffey Barbara M. , McCarthy Eoghan , Thomas Warren , Jefferies Caroline A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In addition to regulating B cell development and activation, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) functions downstream of multiple TLRs, including TLR7, to regulate innate immune responses in myeloid cells. Although critical for defense against RNA viruses such as influenza and Sendai virus, recognition of self-RNA by TLR7 also has been shown to be an important contributor to the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. To date, the role of Btk in regulating TLR7-mediated responses is poorly understood. In the current study, we have demonstrated a hitherto undiscovered role for Btk in apoptotic cell uptake, identifying the molecular chaperone calreticulin (CRT) as a novel substrate for Btk in regulating this response. CRT together with the transmembrane receptor CD91 function at the cell membrane and regulate uptake of C1q-opsonised apoptotic cells. Our results show that Btk directly phosphorylates CRT and that in the absence of Btk, CRT fails to localize with CD91 at the cell surface and at the phagocytic cup. Critically, a blocking Ab against CRT in wild-type macrophages mimics the inability of Btk-deficient macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells efficiently, indicating the critical importance of Btk in regulating CRT-driven apoptotic cell uptake. Our data have revealed a novel regulatory role for Btk in mediating apoptotic cell clearance, with CRT identified as the critical component of the CRT/CD91/C1q system targeted by Btk. Given the importance of clearing apoptotic cell debris to prevent inappropriate exposure of TLRs to endogenous ligands, our results have important implications regarding the role of Btk in myeloid cell function.
Lung Clear “Sugar” Cell Tumor and Jak V617f Positive Essential Thrombocythemia: A simple Coıncıdence?
Authors: Yazak Volkan , Sargin Gokhan , Yavasoglu Irfan , Kadikoylu Gurhan , Tataroglu Canten , Bozkurt Gokay , Bolaman Zahit 
Published: April 2013

The primary clear cell tumor of the lung is an extremely rare benign tumor, which is called “sugar tumor”, because of the large content of glycogen. Here we are presenting essential thrombocythemia and lung clear cell tumor which was not reported before to the best of our knowledge.A 44 years old woman admitted to the clinic with complaint of lassitude lasting for 2 months. In her physical examination the spleen was 3 cm palpable from the costa arch In laboratory findings number of platelet was 1014000 mm³. A 3.5 cm in diameter pulmonary nodule is detected in right upper lobe in the graphy of the lungs. Subsequently computed tomography (CT ) of thorax was carried out. Due to the benign features in the display of the detected nodule, a total excision with curative and diagnostic intentions was performed. Microscopically the tumor were composed of nests of rounded or oval cells with distinct cell borders and optically clear cytoplasm. The nuclei were small. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells expressed HMB-45, NSE and focal S100 antigen. It was diagnosed as clear “sugar” cell tumor. In conclusion, in lung clear cell tumor, it is important to make evaluation in terms of myeloproliferative disease in adults whose thrombocytosis continue after the treatment.