bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Time of Day on Prehospital Care and Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Wallace Sarah K. , Abella Benjamin S. , Shofer Frances S. , Leary Marion , Agarwal Anish K. , Mechem C. Crawford , Gaieski David F. , Becker Lance B. , Neumar Robert W. , Band Roger A. 
Published: March 2013

Background—
More than 300 000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) occur each year in the United States. The relationship between time of day and OHCA outcomes in the prehospital setting is unknown. Any such association may have important implications for emergency medical services resource allocation.

Methods and Results—

We performed a retrospective review of cardiac arrest data from a large, urban emergency medical services system. Included were OHCA occurring in adults from January 2008 to February 2012. Excluded were traumatic arrests and cases in which resuscitation measures were not performed. Day was defined as 8
am
to 7:59
pm
; night, as 8
pm
to 7:59
am
. A relative risk regression model was used to evaluate the association between time of day and prehospital return of spontaneous circulation and 30-day survival, with adjustment for clinically relevant predictors of survival. Among the 4789 included cases, 1962 (41.0%) occurred at night. Mean age was 63.8 years (SD, 17.4 years); 54.5% were male. Patients with an OHCA occurring at night did not have significantly lower rates of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation compared with patients having daytime arrests (11.6% versus 12.8%;
P
=0.20). However, rates of 30-day survival were significantly lower at night (8.56% versus 10.9%;
P
=0.02). After adjustment for demographics, presenting rhythm, field termination, duration of call, dispatch-to-scene interval, automated external defibrillator application, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and location, 30-day survival remained significantly higher after daytime OHCA, with a relative risk of 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.18).

Conclusion—
Rates of 30-day survival were significantly higher for OHCA occurring during the day compared with at night, even after adjustment for patient, event, and prehospital care differences.
Influence of Local Dynamical Air–Sea Feedback Process on the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent
Authors: Sasaki Hideharu , Taguchi Bunmei , Komori Nobumasa , Masumoto Yukio 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Local air–sea interactions over the high sea surface temperature (SST) band along the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC) are examined with a focus on dynamical feedback of SST-induced wind stress to the ocean using the atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model (CGCM). A pair of ensemble CGCM simulations are compared to extract the air–sea interactions associated with HLCC: the control simulations and other simulations, the latter purposely eliminating influences of the high SST band on the sea surface flux computations in the CGCM. The comparison reveals that oceanic response to surface wind convergence and positive wind stress curl induced by the high SST band increases (decreases) the HLCC speed in the southern (northern) flank of the HLCC. The HLCC speed changes are driven by the Ekman suction associated with positive wind stress curl over the warm HLCC via the thermal wind balance. The HLCC speed increase is more significant than its decrease. This dynamical feedback is likely to be important to sustain the extension of the HLCC far to the west. The heat budget analysis confirms that advection of warm water from the west associated with this significant current speed increase plays a role in the southward shift of the HLCC axis. The dynamical feedback with the HLCC speed increase can potentially amplify the seasonal and interannual variations of HLCC.
Dynamic regulation of epigenomic landscapes during hematopoiesis
Authors: Abraham Brian J , Cui Kairong , Tang Qingsong , Zhao Keji 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Human blood develops from self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells to terminal lineages and necessitates regulator and effector gene expression changes; each cell type specifically expresses a subset of genes to carry out a specific function. Gene expression changes coincide with histone modification, histone variant deposition, and recruitment of transcription-related enzymes to specific genetic loci. Transcriptional regulation has been mostly studied using in vitro systems while epigenetic changes occurring during in vivo development remain poorly understood.

Results
By integrating previously published and novel global expression profiles from human CD34+/CD133+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), in vivo differentiated human CD4+ T-cells and CD19+ B-cells, and in vitro differentiated CD36+ erythrocyte precursors, we identified hundreds of transcripts specifically expressed in each cell type. To relate concurrent epigenomic changes to expression, we examined genome-wide distributions of H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me1, H3K27me3, histone variant H2A.Z, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler BRG1, and RNA Polymerase II in these cell types, as well as embryonic stem cells. These datasets revealed that numerous differentiation genes are primed for subsequent downstream expression by BRG1 and PolII binding in HSPCs, as well as the bivalent H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications in the HSPCs prior to their expression in downstream, differentiated cell types; much HSPC bivalency is retained from embryonic stem cells. After differentiation, bivalency resolves to active chromatin configuration in the specific lineage, while it remains in parallel differentiated lineages. PolII and BRG1 are lost in closer lineages; bivalency resolves to silent monovalency in more distant lineages. Correlation of expression with epigenomic changes predicts tens of thousands of potential common and tissue-specific enhancers, which may contribute to expression patterns and differentiation pathways.

Conclusions
Several crucial lineage factors are bivalently prepared for their eventual expression or repression. Bivalency is not only resolved during differentiation but is also established in a step-wise manner in differentiated cell types. We note a progressive, specific silencing of alternate lineage genes in certain cell types coinciding with H3K27me3 enrichment, though expression silencing is maintained in its absence. Globally, the expression of type-specific genes across many cell types correlates strongly with their epigenetic profiles. These epigenomic data appear useful for further understanding mechanisms of differentiation and function of human blood lineages.
Clinical associations and potential novel antigenic targets of autoantibodies directed against rods and rings in chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Stinton Laura M , Myers Robert P , Coffin Carla S , Fritzler Marvin J 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated with extrahepatic autoimmune disorders while interferon (IFN) and ribavirin treatment may exacerbate these conditions. Autoantibodies from HCV patients identify a novel indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) pattern on HEp-2 cells characterized by cytoplasmic rods and rings (RR). Our objectives were to determine the prevalence and clinical associations of RR autoantibodies in HCV patients, and identify related novel autoantibody targets.MethodsSera from 315 patients with HCV (301 treatment naive, 14 treated with interferon and/or ribavirin) were analyzed for the presence of RR antibodies by IIF on commercially available HEp-2 cell substrates. Antibodies to inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and cytidine triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1) were detected by addressable laser bead assay and other potential targets were identified by immunoscreening a protein microarray. Clinical and demographic data including HCV genotype, mode of infection, prior antiviral therapy, and histological findings were compared between RR antibody positive (RR+) and negative (RR-) patients.ResultsThe median age of the HCV cohort was 51 years, 61% were male, and 76% were infected with HCV genotype 1 (G1). Four percent (n=14) had been treated with IFN-based therapy (IFN monotherapy, n=3; IFN/ribavirin, n=11); all had a sustained virologic response. In total, 15 patients (5% of the cohort) were RR+. RR+ and RR- patients had similar demographic and clinical characteristics including age, sex, mode of HCV infection, prevalence of the G1 HCV genotype, and moderate to severe fibrosis. Nevertheless, RR+ patients were significantly more likely than RR- cases to have been treated with IFN-based therapy (33% vs. 3%; adjusted odds ratio 20.5 [95% confidence interval 5.1-83.2];P<0.0005). Only 1/10 RR positive sera had detectable antibodies to IMPHD2 and none had antibodies to CTPS1. Potentially important autoantibody targets identified on protein arrays included Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZI) and ankyrin repeat motif.ConclusionThe majority of HCV patients with RR autoantibodies previously received IFN/ribavirin antiviral therapy. Further studies are necessary to determine the genesis of intracellular RR and elucidate the clinically relevant autoantigens as well as the clinical and prognostic significance of their cognate autoantibodies.
Oral rehydration salt use and its correlates in low-level care of diarrhea among children under 36 months old in rural Western China
Authors: Gao Wenlong , Yan Hong , Wang Duolao , Dang Shaonong 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Since 2000, there has been a decline in the proportion of oral rehydration salts (ORS) therapy in childhood diarrhea. How to sustain and achieve a high level of ORS therapy continues to be a challenge.

Methods
The data of 14112 households and 894 villages in 45 counties across 10 provinces of Western China were collected in 2005. Generalized estimated equation logistic regression models were used to identify the determinants of ORS use in home-based and village-level care.

Results
The therapy rate of ORS was 34.62%. This rate in home-based care (HBC) was significantly lower than that in village-level care (VLC), township-level care or county-level-or-above care. The children in the families with several pre-school-aged children (OR = 0.29 95% CI: 0.10, 0.86) or of the smaller age (12 vs 36 months: OR = 0.10 95% CI 0.02, 0.41; 24 vs 36 months: OR = 0.26 95% CI 0.09, 0.77) were less likely to receive ORS therapy against diarrhea in HBC. The children whose family had the habit of drinking boiled water (OR = 2.77 95% CI 1.30-5.91), or whose caretakers received educational materials about childhood diseases (OR = 3.08 95% CI 1.54, 6.16), or who were living in the villages in which village clinics had the available ORS packages (OR = 3.94 95% CI 2.25, 6.90) were more likely to receive ORS therapy against diarrhea in VLC.

Conclusion
There thus, ORS promoting program should give the highest priority to home care. ORS promoting strategies for low-level care could be strengthened based on children characteristics, the habit of drinking water and the situation of receiving educational material in the families and on the availability of ORS packages in village clinics in rural Western China.
The sustainability of an Australian initiative designed to improve interdisciplinary collaboration in mental health care
Authors: King Kylie , Christo Jo , Fletcher Justine , Machlin Anna , Nicholas Angela , Pirkis Jane 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The Australian Mental Health Professionals Network (MHPN) is fostering a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach to mental health care through the establishment of local interdisciplinary networks of mental health professionals. This paper reports on those factors seen by MHPN participants and staff as having affected the formation and continuation of interdisciplinary networks, and therefore the likely sustainability of these groups.

Method
The paper draws on qualitative data from focus groups with mental health professionals participating in MHPN activities and MHPN staff.

Results
The findings suggest that MHPN’s approach to establishing sustainable interdisciplinary networks has been influenced by a number of factors at the micro-, meso-and macro levels. At the micro-level, factors such as clarity and structure of ongoing meetings, individual dynamics and the role of ‘champions’ can promote or constrain sustainability of ongoing networks. Those networks that had established following an initial workshop and had continued to meet as an interdisciplinary network tended to be led by well-respected co-ordinators, involve members who are enthusiastic and keen to learn from each other, have a flexible structure and meet regularly for a well-defined purpose. These features are underpinned by good communication between network members and with MHPN administration. At the meso- and macro-levels, the key issue relates to resourcing, as well as the wider policy context.

Conclusions
The support and practical resources provided by MHPN have been crucial in guiding successful networks as they form and continue to meet on a regular basis. The networks have also required internal leadership and support, and a clear purpose in order to form and to continue their activities. These findings are consistent with the literature, which states that sustainability of programs is reliant on factors at the project design and implementation level, as well as on factors inherent within the host organization and at the wider community level.
Towards a metagenomic understanding on enhanced biomethane production from waste activated sludge after pH 10 pretreatment
Authors: Wong Mabel Ting , Zhang Dong , Li Jun , Hui Raymond Kin Hi , Tun Hein Min , Brar Manreetpal Singh , Park Tae-Jin , Chen Yinguang , Leung Frederick C 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Understanding the effects of pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of sludge waste from wastewater treatment plants is becoming increasingly important, as impetus moves towards the utilization of sludge for renewable energy production. Although the field of sludge pretreatment has progressed significantly over the past decade, critical questions concerning the underlying microbial interactions remain unanswered. In this study, a metagenomic approach was adopted to investigate the microbial composition and gene content contributing to enhanced biogas production from sludge subjected to a novel pretreatment method (maintaining pH at 10 for 8 days) compared to other documented methods (ultrasonic, thermal and thermal-alkaline).

Results
Our results showed that pretreated sludge attained a maximum methane yield approximately 4-fold higher than that of the blank un-pretreated sludge set-up at day 17. Both the microbial and metabolic consortium shifted extensively towards enhanced biodegradation subsequent to pretreatment, providing insight for the enhanced methane yield. The prevalence of Methanosaeta thermophila and Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, together with the functional affiliation of enzymes-encoding genes suggested an acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway. Additionally, an alternative enzymology in Methanosaeta was observed.

Conclusions
This study is the first to provide a microbiological understanding of improved biogas production subsequent to a novel waste sludge pretreatment method. The knowledge garnered will assist the design of more efficient pretreatment methods for biogas production in the future.
Palmar skin conductance variability and the relation to stimulation, pain and the motor activity assessment scale in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Günther Anders C , Bottai Matteo , Schandl Anna R , Storm Hanne , Rossi Patrik , Sackey Peter V 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Many intensive care unit (ICU) patients describe pain and other adverse feelings that may impact long-term psychological morbidity. Sympathetically mediated palmar skin conductance variability is related to emotionally induced perspiration and correlates with pain levels in the perioperative setting but has not been studied in ICU patients.

Methods
Twenty non-intubated and 20 intubated general ICU patients were included in this observational study. Patients were monitored with the MED-STORM Pain Monitoring System®. The number of skin conductance fluctuations per second (NSCF) was measured in parallel with bedside observation during one hour of intensive care, including rest, procedures and patient-staff interactions. Arousal-agitation level was monitored with the motor activity assessment scale (MAAS). Pain was monitored with the numeric rating scale (0 to 10) in patients able to communicate or by observation in patients unable to communicate.

Results
In non-intubated patients, NSCF increased with increasing stimulation/pain but also with higher MAAS (P = 0.002). An interaction effect was found, with increased NSCF response to stimulation/pain with increasing MAAS (P < 0.001).
In intubated patients, NSCF increased significantly with increasing stimulation/pain (P < 0.001). In contrast to non-intubated patients, no difference in NSCF between MAAS levels was found for any given degree of stimulation in intubated patients.

Conclusions
In critically ill patients, NSCF may be more useful evaluating emotional distress rather than pain alone. It needs to be assessed whether NSCF monitoring is clinically useful and whether controlling emotional distress with the aid of such monitoring may impact on patient care and outcomes.
Three-Gene Immunohistochemical Panel Adds to Clinical Staging Algorithms to Predict Prognosis for Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ong Chin-Ann J. , Shapiro Joel , Nason Katie S. , Davison Jon M. , Liu Xinxue , Ross-Innes Caryn , O'Donovan Maria , Dinjens Winand N.M. , Biermann Katharina , Shannon Nicholas , Worster Susannah , Schulz Laura K.E. , Luketich James D. , Wijnhoven Bas P.L. , Hardwick Richard H. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive disease with poor long-term survival. Despite growing knowledge of its biology, no molecular biomarkers are currently used in routine clinical practice to determine prognosis or aid clinical decision making. Hence, this study set out to identify and validate a small, clinically applicable immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel for prognostication in patients with EAC. Patients and Methods We recently identified eight molecular prognostic biomarkers using two different genomic platforms. IHC scores of these biomarkers from a UK multicenter cohort (N = 374) were used in univariate Cox regression analysis to determine the smallest biomarker panel with the greatest prognostic power with potential therapeutic relevance. This new panel was validated in two independent cohorts of patients with EAC who had undergone curative esophagectomy from the United States and Europe (N = 666). Results Three of the eight previously identified prognostic molecular biomarkers (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], tripartite motif-containing 44 [TRIM44], and sirtuin 2 [SIRT2]) had the strongest correlation with long-term survival in patients with EAC. Applying these three biomarkers as an IHC panel to the validation cohort segregated patients into two different prognostic groups (P < .01). Adjusting for known survival covariates, including clinical staging criteria, the IHC panel remained an independent predictor, with incremental adverse overall survival (OS) for each positive biomarker (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.40 per biomarker; P = .02). Conclusion We identified and validated a clinically applicable IHC biomarker panel, consisting of EGFR, TRIM44, and SIRT2, that is independently associated with OS and provides additional prognostic information to current survival predictors such as stage.
New Syndrome of Paraganglioma and Somatostatinoma Associated With Polycythemia
Authors: Pacak Karel , Jochmanova Ivana , Prodanov Tamara , Yang Chunzhang , Merino Maria J. , Fojo Tito , Prchal Josef T. , Tischler Arthur S. , Lechan Ronald M. , Zhuang Zhengping 
Published: March 2013

Purpose The occurrence of ≥ two distinct types of tumors, one of them paraganglioma (PGL), is unusual in an individual patient, except in hereditary cancer syndromes. Patients and Methods Four unrelated patients were investigated, with thorough clinical evaluation. Plasma and tissue catecholamines and metanephrines were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anatomic and functional imaging were performed for tumor visualization. Germline and tumor tissue DNA were analyzed for hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2A) mutations. The prolyl hydroxylation and stability of the mutant HIF2α protein, transcriptional activity of mutant HIF2A, and expression of hypoxia-related genes were also investigated. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF1/2α was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. Results Patients were found to have polycythemia, multiple PGLs, and duodenal somatostatinomas by imaging or biochemistry with somatic gain-of-function HIF2A mutations. Each patient carried an identical unique mutation in both types of tumors but not in germline DNA. The HIF2A mutations in these patients were clustered adjacent to an oxygen-sensing proline residue, affecting HIF2α interaction with the prolyl hydroxylase domain 2–containing protein, decreasing the hydroxylation of HIF2α, and reducing HIF2α affinity for the von Hippel–Lindau protein and its degradation. An increase in the half-life of HIF2α was associated with upregulation of the hypoxia-related genes EPO, VEGFA, GLUT1, and END1 in tumors. Conclusion Our findings indicate the existence of a new syndrome with multiple PGLs and somatostatinomas associated with polycythemia. This new syndrome results from somatic gain-of-function HIF2A mutations, which cause an upregulation of hypoxia-related genes, including EPO and genes important in cancer biology.
Isotopic Effect on Stereodynamics of the Reactions H + NeH+/H + NeD+/H + NeT+
Authors: Zou Jinghan , Yin Shuhui , Guo Mingxing , Xu Xuesong , Che Li , Li Lei , Gao Hong 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Using a new 3D adiabatic potential energy surface constructed by Lv et al. (S.-J. Lv, P.-Y. Zhang, K.-L. Han, G.-Z. He, J. Chem. Phys.2010, 132, 014303), the product polarizations in the reactions H + NeH+/NeD+/NeT+ → H2+/HD+/HT+ + Ne are studied by employing a quasi-classical trajectory method. The distributions of P(θr), P(φr), P(θr, φr) and PDDCSs are calculated at the collision energies of 0.5 and 20 kcal mol−1. The influence of isotope substitution on the product polarization is revealed. The isotopic effect may be attributed to the difference in the mass factor in the title reactions. The noteworthy effect of the potential well on stereodynamics for the title reactions are observed and discussed in the paper.
Total Oxidation of Toluene over Cu/TiO2/SiO2
Authors: Nanba Tetsuya , Chino Tomohiro , Masukawa Shoichi , Uchisawa Junko , Obuchi Akira 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We investigated the total oxidation of toluene over Cu/MOx/SiO2 (M = metal) catalysts. Among the metal oxides used to modify the SiO2 support, TiO2 afforded the catalyst with the highest activity. The optimum Cu and TiO2 loadings were 3 and 10 wt %, respectively. Changes in the Cu loading had little influence on the activation energy of the toluene oxidation reaction. Cu/TiO2/SiO2 was more active than Cu/TiO2 because the Cu and TiO2 were more highly dispersed on the SiO2 support of the former. We characterized the Cu species by temperature-programmed reduction with NH3, which showed that in Cu/TiO2/SiO2, Cu2+ was reduced at a lower temperature and Cu+ at a higher temperature than in Cu/TiO2 or Cu/SiO2. That is, the TiO2-modified SiO2 was a good support for Cu because the modification widened the temperature range over which the Cu2+ &lt;img align="middle" src="./Graphics/abst-86_20120210_1.jpg"/&gt; Cu+ redox cycle occurred.