bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Préface à L’Imposture économique de Steve Keen
Authors: Giraud Gaël 
Published: June 2015

Une critique en règle de la science économique, à partir du livre de Steve Keen. Curieuse science que cette « science » qui « refuse d'admettre ses erreurs, sinon sur un mode strictement rhétorique. Et la crise des subprimes n’y a rien changé ». C’est que la force de l’institution académique est si grande que la majorité de la profession ignore même qu’il y a un problème dans la théorie. Rien dans la profession n’incite à prendre du recul et à risquer un regard critique. Steve Keen est l’un de ces économistes rares qui osent prendre un tel risque.
A Novel Glycolipid Antigen for NKT Cells That Preferentially Induces IFN-γ Production
Authors: Birkholz Alysia M. , Girardi Enrico , Wingender Gerhard , Khurana Archana , Wang Jing , Zhao Meng , Zahner Sonja , Illarionov Petr A. , Wen Xiangshu , Li Michelle , Yuan Weiming , Porcelli Steven A. , Besra Gurdyal S. , Zajonc Dirk M. , Kronenberg Mitchell 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this article, we characterize a novel Ag for invariant NKT (iNKT) cells capable of producing an especially robust Th1 response. This glycosphingolipid, DB06-1, is similar in chemical structure to the well-studied α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), with the only change being a single atom: the substitution of a carbonyl oxygen with a sulfur atom. Although DB06-1 is not a more effective Ag in vitro, the small chemical change has a marked impact on the ability of this lipid Ag to stimulate iNKT cells in vivo, with increased IFN-γ production at 24 h compared with αGalCer, increased IL-12, and increased activation of NK cells to produce IFN-γ. These changes are correlated with an enhanced ability of DB06-1 to load in the CD1d molecules expressed by dendritic cells in vivo. Moreover, structural studies suggest a tighter fit into the CD1d binding groove by DB06-1 compared with αGalCer. Surprisingly, when iNKT cells previously exposed to DB06-1 are restimulated weeks later, they have greatly increased IL-10 production. Therefore, our data are consistent with a model whereby augmented and or prolonged presentation of a glycolipid Ag leads to increased activation of NK cells and a Th1-skewed immune response, which may result, in part, from enhanced loading into CD1d. Furthermore, our data suggest that strong antigenic stimulation in vivo may lead to the expansion of IL-10–producing iNKT cells, which could counteract the benefits of increased early IFN-γ production.
Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Inhibits P2Y11 Receptor Expression and Its Immunosuppressive Activity in Human Dendritic Cells
Authors: Chadet Stéphanie , Ivanes Fabrice , Benoist Lauriane , Salmon-Gandonnière Charlotte , Guibon Roseline , Velge-Roussel Florence , Babuty Dominique , Baron Christophe , Roger Sébastien , Angoulvant Denis 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
High concentrations of extracellular ATP (eATP) resulting from cell damage may be found during an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) episode at the site of injury. eATP activates purinergic receptors in dendritic cells (DCs) and may inhibit inflammation. This immunosuppressive activity could be of interest in the field of I/R, which is an inflammatory condition involved in myocardial infarction, stroke, and solid organ transplantation. However, the specific purinergic receptor responsible for this effect remains to be identified. In this study, we report that eATP induced maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs. Additionally, eATP inhibited IL-12 production whereas IL-10 levels remained unchanged in activated DCs. These effects were prevented by the P2Y11R antagonist NF340. Interestingly, a 5-h hypoxia prevented the effects of eATP on cytokine production whereas a 1-h hypoxia did not affect the eATP-mediated decrease of IL-12 and IL-6. We showed a time-dependent downregulation of P2Y11R at both mRNA and protein levels that was prevented by knocking down hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. In this study, we showed an immunosuppressive role of P2Y11R in human DCs. Additionally, we demonstrated that the time-dependent downregulation of P2Y11R by hypoxia orientates DCs toward a proinflammatory phenotype that may be involved in post-I/R injuries as observed after organ transplantation.
The changing nature of end of life care
Authors: Cauldwell Katrine , Stone Paddy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGood end of life care (EOLC) for patients with incurable cancer is becoming a greater priority for oncologists in recent years. Frameworks such as the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) have often been helpful in guiding good care at the end of life. However, in the past year, the LCP has been phased out of use in the United Kingdom (UK), following concerns that it was poorly implemented. This review describes the LCP′s origins in the UK, its strengths and limitations, and the concerns that prompted a review of its use. It describes the recommendations for change made by an independent review, and the alternative strategies now being developed in the UK to guide good EOLC. Although the LCP is still being widely used worldwide, the lessons learned from the UK can be widely applied in other countries.
Hormone receptor status (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor), human epidermal growth factor-2 and p53 in South Indian breast cancer patients: A tertiary care center experience
Authors: Patnayak Rashmi , Jena Amitabh , Rukmangadha Nandyala , Chowhan Amit Kumar , Sambasivaiah K , Phaneendra Bobbit Venkatesh , Reddy Mandyam Kumaraswamy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBreast cancer, in India, is the second commonest cancer in females. Receptor status with ER/PR/Her 2 is now routinely done in patients with invasive carcinoma. The tumour suppressor gene, p53, is also present in most breast cancers. Proteins produced by a mutated p53 gene, accumulate in the nucleus of tumour cells and are detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We have undertaken this study with the aim to evaluate the ER, PR, HER-2 and p53 expressions in invasive breast carcinomas by IHC and to compare the HER-2 expression with various clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective single institutional study from January 2001 to December 2010, 389 cases of histopathologically diagnosed infiltrating carcinoma of breast were evaluated taking into account various parameters like age, tumour size, grade, lymph node involvement, ER and PR. HER-2 and p53 was done in 352 cases. Results: The age range was 23-90 years with a mean of 50.7 years. Majority of tumours were T2 (79.6%) and Grade II (60.9%). Our data showed overall 47.6% ER, 48.8% PR, 29.6% HER-2 and 69.2% p53 positivity. There was no significant correlation between HER-2 and age, tumour size, lymph node status, ER, and PR. There was significant correlation between HER-2 and tumour grade (P = 0.031), p53 (P < 0.001). There was no inverse correlation between HER-2 and combined ER, PR status. Triple-negative breast cancers which constituted 22.7% of our cases did not reveal any correlation with various parameters. Conclusion: In our study, ER status was low, and incidence of p53 was high. These findings suggest that many of the tumours in Indian females may be of an aggressive type, and novel treatment approaches may be tried. We conclude that the assessment of all four markers is desirable.
Role of triple test score in the evaluation of palpable breast lump
Authors: Kachewar Smita Sushil , Dongre Suryakant Dattatraya 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) method is safe, reliable and time saving outdoor procedure with little discomfort to the patient for detecting Carcinoma breast. The efficacy can further be enhanced when physical breast examination, mammography and FNAC (the triple test [TT]) are jointly taken into consideration. Aims and Objectives : The aim was to evaluate the role of TT score (TTS) in palpable breast masses. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out from May 2010 to April 2012. In the subjects referred to the Department of Pathology for FNAC of the breast mass, the TTS was calculated, and histopathological findings were noted. Results: In the study period TTS score was calculated in 200 cases out of 225 FNAC′s of breast. Of 124 benign cases on cytology, only three showed discordant TTS. Out of 62 malignant cases, 61 showed concordant TTS and one case of mastitis on histopathology showed TTS of five. Out of all the benign lesions, two cases of fibrocystic disease and a single case of phylloides tumor gave a TTS ≥6. These cases were diagnosed as infiltrating ductal carcinoma and angiosarcoma respectively on histopathology. Histopathological correlation was possible in only 70 patients. Of these 70, 28 were from the benign category and 42 were from the malignant category. TTS of ≥6 has a sensitivity of 97.44%, specificity of 100%. FNAC has a sensitivity of 88.37%, specificity of 96.42%. Conclusions: TT reliably guides evaluation of palpable breast masses. Histological correlation indicated TTS to be better diagnostic tool than FNAC alone.
<b>Formação de Professores e registros pessoais: limites e possibilidades</b>
Authors: Paniz Catiane Mazocco , Freitas Deisi Sangoi 
Published: June 2015

Os cursos de formação de professores devem considerar a necessidade de que os professores compreendam os conteúdos de sua área de conhecimento e saibam como ensiná-los a alunos diversos. Dessa forma, os docentes necessitam tempo e oportunidades significativas de aprendizagem, de forma que possam repensar suas práticas em sala de aula e construir práticas novas, viáveis e significativas para os alunos. No presente trabalho o objetivo foi discutir o tema formação de professores e uma possibilidade de reflexão da prática docente por meio de um instrumento que chamamos Diário da Prática Pedagógica, que pode ser uma possibilidade para favorecer a reflexão e discussão sobre as práticas docentes, tanto em períodos de estágio como já na atuação do professor em exercício.Palavras-chave: formação de professores, Diário da Prática Pedagógica, estágios profissionais.
<b>Consideraciones sobre el sentido de las “pedagogías” y las “didácticas” universitarias, con especial referencia a la experiencia uruguaya </b>
Authors: Behares Luis Ernesto 
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo analiza el sentido de dos términos usados comúnmente para hacer referencia a la enseñanza en las universidades: “pedagogía universitaria” (entendida como “la forma como educamos en las universidades”) y “didáctica universitaria” (entendida como “la forma como enseñamos en las universidades”). Desde 1980, esos términos, y las teorías que posibilitan su uso extensivo, han sido usados en Latinoamérica y en algunos países europeos. Esta opción incluye un problema conceptual, referido a la naturaleza y objetivos propios de la enseñanza universitaria. El marco de referencia general y tradicional para las universidades relaciona la enseñanza con la producción de conocimiento, pero los términos “pedagogía” y “didáctica”, según se los estableció en el marco de referencia de la educación básica, se refieren principalmente a los diferentes tipos de estrategias para intervenir en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En cierto sentido, la incorporación de estas concepciones ha tenido como efecto el de separar enseñanza e investigación, o por lo menos el de hacer más difícil el mejoramiento de sus necesarias relaciones. La discusión de esa polaridad conceptual ha sido importante para la experiencia uruguaya en el campo durante las últimas dos décadas.Palabras-clave: universidad, enseñanza, Uruguay.
France and the Norman Lamord in Hamlet
Authors: Ovens Michael 
Published: June 2015

The climactic duel of Shakespeare's Hamlet culminates a growing pattern of sympathy between Hamlet's madness and the madness of the Francophilic duel with rapiers. On one level, the play operates as a sustained criticism of the duel of honour as it existed in England at the turn of the seventeenth century, and also of the desire for revenge and recompense that drove it. Hamlet's mental decline is correlated to an increasing sympathy with the rapier, and it is only by breaking this sympathy and returning to chivalric martial English values that Hamlet is able to achieve redemption. Le duel fnal dans la tragédie de Shakespeare, Hamlet, est le point culminant d'une trajectoire qui lie de plus en plus étroitement la folie de Hamlet et un engouement francophile pour les duels à la rapière. à un niveau, la pièce fonctionne comme une critique du duel d'honneur tel qu'il se pratiquait en Angleterre au tournant du XVIIe siècle, et du désir de vengeance et de récompense qui l'animait. Le déclin psychologique de Hamlet s'accompagne d'une attirance croissante pour la rapière, et ce n'est qu'en brisant cette attirance et en renouant avec des valeurs martiales anglaises héritées de la chevalerie que Hamlet peut atteindre la rédemption.
Discussion Addendum for: Practical Synthesis of Novel Chiral Allenamides: (
R
)‐4‐Phenyl‐3‐(1,2‐propadienyl)oxazolidin‐2‐one
Authors: Yong‐Chua Teo* Richard P. Hsung 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Chiral allenamides, are important synthetic intermediates and exist as key structural motifs in many natural products.
This article reports an efficient route to the formation of chiral allenamides that relied upon the isomerization of chiral propargylic oxazolidinones for the introduction of the chiral allenamide functionality. The stereospecific amidation of optically enriched allenyl iodides using catalytic copper(I) salt and N,N‐dimethylethylene‐diamine as ligands has emerged as a facile strategy to access chiral allenamides. In recent years, major advances in allenamide chemistry have been concerned with the applications of chiral allenamides to stereoselective synthesis.
DABCO
‐
bis
(sulfur dioxide),
DABSO
, as an easy‐to‐handle source of

SO
2

: Sulfonamide preparation
Authors: Emmett Edward J. , Willis* Michael C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The article describes the utility of DABSO in two methods of sulfonamide formation; one via novel palladium‐catalyzed aminosulfonylation and the other using a Grignard reagent. The sulfonamide formation allows the –SO2N– moiety to be introduced into a wide variety of positions in the molecule, demonstrating the potential for a diverse library synthesis. The current methods of sulfonamide formation would not provide such diversity without resorting to sulfur dioxide gas – a problem which is now eliminated by the use of DABSO.
Sodium Methoxide‐Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Esters
Authors: Agura Kazushi , Ohshima* Takashi , Hayashi Yukiko , Mashima* Kazushi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The severe epimerization reaction is rectified by the addition of the rather acidic alcohol 4‐trifluorophenol. Under the optimized conditions using 4‐trifluorophenol, a catalytic ester‐amide exchange reaction of various N‐Boc protected chiral α‐amino esters with benzylamine proceeds in high yield without epimerization.
Iron‐Catalyzed Selective Conjugate Addition of Aryl Grignard Reagents to 2,4‐Alkadienoates:
tert
‐Butyl (
Z
)‐5‐Phenyl‐3‐hexenoate
Authors: Yokomizo Takeshi Hata, Hideyuki Goto, Tomofumi , Urabe* Hirokazu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

The transition metal‐catalyzed conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to electron‐deficient olefins is one of the most versatile methods for selective
C
‐
C
bond formation. The new iron‐catalyzed 1,6‐conjugate addition of aryl Grignard reagents to 2,4‐dienoates and ‐amides proceeded in a regio‐ and stereoselective manner gives virtually single cis‐olefinic adducts. As iron is an inexpensive, non‐toxic, and ubiquitous metal, this process fulfills the recent demand for an environmentally friendly process.
Well integrity assessment under temperature and pressure stresses by a 1:1 scale wellbore experiment
Authors: Manceau J. C. , Tremosa J. , Audigane P. , Lerouge C. , Claret F. , Lettry Y. , Fierz T. , Nussbaum C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new in situ experiment is proposed for observing and understanding well integrity evolution, potentially due to changes that could occur during a well lifetime. The focus is put on temperature and pressure stresses. A small section of a well is reproduced at scale 1:1 in the Opalinus Clay formation, representative of a low permeable caprock formation (in Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, Switzerland). The well‐system behavior is characterized over time both by performing hydro‐tests to quantify the hydraulic properties of the well and their evolution, and sampling the fluids to monitor the chemical composition and its changes. This paper presents the well integrity assessment under different imposed temperature (17–52°C) and pressure (10–28 bar) conditions. The results obtained in this study confirm the ability of the chosen design and observation scale to estimate the evolution of the well integrity over time, the characteristics of the flow along the well‐system and the reasons of the observed evolution. In particular, the estimated effective well permeability is higher than cement or caprock intrinsic permeability, which suggest preferential flow pathways at interfaces especially at the very beginning of the experiment; the significant variations of the effective well permeability observed after setting pressure and temperature stresses indicate that operations could influence well integrity in similar proportions than the cementing process.
Numerical rivers: A synthetic streamflow generator for water resources vulnerability assessments
Authors: Borgomeo Edoardo , Farmer Christopher L. , Hall Jim W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe vulnerability of water supplies to shortage depends on the complex interplay between streamflow variability and the management and demands of the water system. Assessments of water supply vulnerability to potential changes in streamflow require methods capable of generating a wide range of possible streamflow sequences. This paper presents a method to generate synthetic monthly streamflow sequences that reproduce the statistics of the historical record and that can express climate‐induced changes in user‐specified streamflow characteristics. The streamflow sequences are numerically simulated through random sampling from a parametric or a nonparametric distribution fitted to the historical data while shuffling the values in the time series until a sequence matching a set of desired temporal properties is generated. The desired properties are specified in an objective function which is optimized using simulated annealing. The properties in the objective function can be manipulated to generate streamflow sequences that exhibit climate‐induced changes in streamflow characteristics such as interannual variability or persistence. The method is applied to monthly streamflow data from the Thames River at Kingston (UK) to generate sequences that reproduce historical streamflow statistics at the monthly and annual time scales and to generate perturbed synthetic sequences expressing changes in short‐term persistence and interannual variability.
Tamarix transpiration along a semiarid river has negligible impact on water resources
Authors: McDonald Alyson K. , Wilcox Bradford P. , Moore Georgianne W. , Hart Charles R. , Sheng Zhuping , Owens M. Keith 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe proliferation of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) along regulated rivers in the western United States has transformed riparian plant communities. It is commonly assumed that transpiration by these alien plants has led to large losses of water that would otherwise contribute to streamflow. Control of saltcedar, therefore, has been considered a viable strategy for conserving water and increasing streamflow in these regions. In an effort to better understand the linkage between transpiration by saltcedar and streamflow, we monitored transpiration, stream stage, and groundwater elevations within a saltcedar stand along the Pecos River during June 2004. Transpiration, as determined by sap flow measurements, exhibited a strong diel pattern; stream stage did not. Diel fluctuations in groundwater levels were observed, but only in one well, which was located in the center of the saltcedar stand. In that well, the correlation between maximal transpiration and minimal groundwater elevation was weak (R2 = 0.16). No effects of transpiration were detected in other wells within the saltcedar stand, nor in the stream stage. The primary reason, we believe, is that the saltcedar stand along this reach of the Pecos River has relatively low sapwood area and a limited spatial extent resulting in very low transpiration compared with the stream discharge. Our results are important because they provide a mechanistic explanation for the lack of increase in streamflow following large‐scale control of invasive trees along semiarid rivers.
Selecting climate change scenarios using impact‐relevant sensitivities
Authors: Vano Julie A. , Kim John B. , Rupp David E. , Mote Philip W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractClimate impact studies often require the selection of a small number of climate scenarios. Ideally, a subset would have simulations that both (1) appropriately represent the range of possible futures for the variable/s most important to the impact under investigation and (2) come from global climate models (GCMs) that provide plausible results for future climate in the region of interest. We demonstrate an approach to select a subset of GCMs that incorporates both concepts and provides insights into the range of climate impacts. To represent how an ecosystem process responds to projected future changes, we methodically sample, using a simple sensitivity analysis, how an ecosystem variable responds locally to projected regional temperature and precipitation changes. We illustrate our approach in the Pacific Northwest, focusing on (a) changes in streamflow magnitudes in critical seasons for water management and (b) changes in annual vegetation carbon.
Interception effects on stable isotope driven streamwater transit time estimates
Authors: Stockinger Michael P. , Lücke Andreas , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Diekkrüger Bernd , Vereecken Harry , Bogena Heye R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPrevious studies of streamwater transit time distributions (TTDs) used isotope tracer information from open precipitation (OP) as inputs to lumped watershed models that simulate the stream isotopic composition to estimate TTD. However, in forested catchments passage of rainfall through the canopy will alter the tracer signature of throughfall (TF) via interception. Here we test the effect of using TF instead of OP on TTD estimates. We sampled a 0.39 km2 catchment (Wüstebach, Germany) for a 19 month period using weekly precipitation and stream isotope data to evaluate changes in stream isotope simulation and TTDs. We found that TF had different effects on TTDs for δ18O and δ2H, with TF leading to up to 4 months shorter transit times. TTDs converged for both isotopes only when using TF. TF improved the stream isotope simulations. These results demonstrate the importance of canopy‐induced isotope tracer changes in estimating streamwater TTDs in forested catchments.