bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophenological dynamics from citizen science plant occurrence data
Authors: Mora Karin , Rzanny Michael , Wäldchen Jana , Feilhauer Hannes , Kattenborn Teja , Kraemer Guido , Mäder Patrick , Svidzinska Daria , Wolf Sophie , Mahecha Miguel D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Phenological shifts across plant species is a powerful indicator to quantify the effects of climate change. Today, mobile applications with automated species identification open new possibilities for phenological monitoring across space and time.

Here, we introduce an innovative spatio‐temporal machine learning methodology that harnesses such crowd‐sourced data to quantify phenological dynamics across taxa, space and time. Our algorithm links individual phenological responses across thousands of species and geographical locations, using a similarity measure. The analysis draws on nearly ten million plant observations collected through the AI‐based plant identification app Flora Incognita in Germany from 2018 to 2021.

Our method quantifies changes in synchronisation across the annual cycle. During the growing season, synchronised behaviour can be encoded by a few characteristic macrophenological patterns. Nonlinear spatio‐temporal changes of these patterns can be efficiently quantified using a data compressibility measure. Outside the growing season, the phenological synchronisation diminishes introducing noise into the patterns.

Despite biases and uncertainties associated with crowd‐sourced data, for example due to human data collection behaviour, our study demonstrates the feasibility of deriving meaningful indicators for monitoring plant macrophenology from individual plant observations. As crowd‐sourced databases continue to expand, our approach holds promise to study climate‐induced phenological shifts and feedback loops.
Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in burn patients: Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Tsuchiya Emma Atsuko , Jensen‐Abbew Jacob , Krag Mette , Møller Morten Hylander , Vestergaard Martin Risom , Overgaard‐Steensen Christian , Helleberg Marie , Holmgaard Rikke , Heiberg Johan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNosocomial infections contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity in burn patients. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract is an infection prevention measure that has been shown to improve survival in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It has been hypothesized that burn patients may benefit from selective decontamination of the digestive tract.Methods/DesignWe will conduct a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the patient‐important effects of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in burn patients, as compared with placebo or no intervention/standard of care. The primary outcome will be 30‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes include serious adverse events, anti‐microbial resistance, pneumonia, blood stream infections, ICU‐ and hospital‐free days and 90‐day mortality. We will search the following databases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Web of Science and CINAHL and follow the recommendations provided by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. The certainty of evidence will be assessed according to the GRADE approach: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.DiscussionThere is clinical equipoise about the use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in burn patients. In the outlined systematic review and meta‐analysis, we will assess the desirable and undesirable effects of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in burn patients.
Dilemmas of vulnerability in Indian education NGOs: Neoliberal subjectivity, emotions, and class‐based employment hierarchies in Delhi
Authors: Thornton Rich 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeoliberal discourse seems to simultaneously demand Delhi's education NGOs to foreground social emotional learning that promotes emotional vulnerability and requires educational leaders to passionately present as “resilient” entrepreneurs who must not let emotions influence their capacity to lead. This article ethnographically analyzes the relational dynamics in these NGOs and argues that the complexity of navigating this subjective neoliberal dilemma reproduces class‐based employment hierarchy in NGO leadership, hindering NGO aims to further social justice.
Associations of global and specific components of positive psychological well‐being with mortality risk: Findings from two cohort studies
Authors: Park Yoobin , Guimond Anne‐Josee , Crosswell Alexandra D. , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have examined how various aspects of positive psychological well‐being (PPWB) independently relate to healthy aging, yet a notable gap remains in understanding the effects of their overlap (i.e., shared variance). We used data from two longitudinal cohorts, the Midlife Development in the United States Study and the Health and Retirement Study (N = 3,302 and 7,209), each of which assessed hedonic and eudaimonic facets of PPWB (positive affect, purpose in life, personal growth, and self‐acceptance) and tracked mortality status across 14–15 years of follow‐up. We derived a global factor identifying elements common across PPWB facets and also specific PPWB factors from a bifactor model. Then, we examined if higher PPWB levels (global and specific) are associated with mortality risk. Across cohorts, higher global well‐being factor levels were associated with reduced mortality risk, even after adjusting for a range of potential confounders. Fewer independent associations were evident with the specific PPWB factors. Findings suggest that variance common across hedonic and eudaimonic facets of PPWB is associated with lower mortality risk. Considering the shared versus unique effects of different PPWB facets can offer valuable insights for theorizing mechanisms underlying health benefits of PPWB and guiding decisions about intervention targets.
The impact of math anxiety and self‐efficacy in middle school STEM choices: A 3‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Cuder Alessandro , Pellizzoni Sandra , Di Marco Miriana , Blason Claudia , Doz Eleonora , Giofrè David , Passolunghi Maria Chiara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn today's world, which is progressively oriented towards science and technology and facing a growing demand for skilled professionals, it becomes essential to identify the factors that encourage individuals to pursue careers in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). Previous research has shown that affective‐motivational factors, math performance and gender influence STEM occupational and academic choices in adulthood. However, few studies examined how these factors may influence STEM choices as early as middle school. This study aims to assess how math anxiety, math self‐efficacy, math performance and gender influence STEM school choices during middle school.MethodsWe longitudinally assessed a group of 109 students (Year 6) over three school years, with measurements taken on three different occasions.ResultsFindings indicated that individuals who made an STEM school choice experienced lower math anxiety, higher self‐efficacy and math performance and were predominantly male. Furthermore, the results indicated that both math anxiety in Year 7 and self‐efficacy in Year 6 made the most substantial unique contributions to the STEM school choice.ConclusionMath anxiety and math self‐efficacy seem to be both crucial in influencing middle school students' STEM choices, offering new perspectives for early interventions aimed at promoting more informed school choices.
The enigma of sickle cell hepatopathy: Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and therapy
Authors: Rizvi Insia , Solipuram Divya , Kaur Navneet , Komel Aqsa , Batool Saba , Wang Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common genetic disorders in the world predominantly affecting economically disadvantaged populations. There is a notable discrepancy between the growing adult SCD population and available diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for SCD. Sickle cell hepatopathy (SCH) is an all‐inclusive term to describe the acute and chronic liver manifestations of SCD. The pathophysiology of SCH follows no defined pattern or sequence that poses challenges to clinicians and researchers alike. Evidence is lacking for this underreported disease at various levels from diagnostic to therapeutic options. This paper reviews the basic pathophysiology, clinical features, biochemical and radiological findings of various SCH manifestations and outlines the management of each condition. Old and new therapy options in SCD including hydroxyurea, red blood cell exchange transfusion, ursodeoxycholic acid, voxelotor, l‐glutamine and crizanlizumab have been reviewed to investigate the role of these options in treating SCH. The role of liver transplant, haematopoietic stem cell transplant and gene therapy in SCH patients have been reviewed.
Pursuing the elusive footsteps of malaria in peripheral blood smears utilizing artificial intelligence
Authors: Katz Ben‐Zion , Karny Shahar 
Published: July 2024

For over a century, the need to identify malaria in the peripheral blood has been the driving force behind the development of fundamental clinical microscopy techniques. In the study by Moysis et al., artificial intelligence‐based model was utilized to identify and provide quantitative morphological characteristics of red blood cells typical to severe malaria anaemia, irrespective to the actual presence of visible parasites.Commentary on: Moysis et al. Leveraging deep learning for detecting red blood cell morphological changes in blood films from children with severe malaria anaemia. Br J Haematol 2024;205:699‐710.
Th17 pathway‐related immune signatures in the pathobiology of myasthenia gravis: Integrating the roles of regulatory/effector cytokines and transcription factors
Authors: Varghese Nibu , Nagappa Madhu , Sreenivas Nikhitha , Dey Saikat , Mullapudi Thrinath , Kuniyil Anagha Pettututhazhe , Shivaram Sumanth , Seshagiri Doniparthi V. , Nair Binu Valsalakumari Sreekumaran , Debnath Monojit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle specific kinase (MuSK), and other antigens in the neuromuscular junction. Antibody production is influenced by T lymphocytes. The T helper 17 (Th17) subset, an inflammatory lineage of Th cells, is associated with several autoimmune diseases. Functional interactions between T lymphocytes and pathogenic antibody responses including aberrant Th17 cell responses have been reported in MG. However, the precise mechanism(s) underlying the activation and/or pathogenic transformation of Th17 cells are not clearly known. The current study aimed at simultaneously exploring the roles of the inducers, master regulator transcription factors, and effectors of Th17 cells in patients with MG.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, quantification of gene expression of IL6, IL17A, STAT3, and RORC in the peripheral mononuclear cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as well as estimation of plasma levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17A cytokines by multiplex suspension assay were carried out in 59 patients with MG and 61 healthy controls.ResultsGene expression levels of IL17A were significantly upregulated in patients as compared to healthy controls. The plasma levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17A were significantly elevated in patients compared to healthy controls. IL17A as well as RORC gene expressions correlated with the clinical features. IL17A gene expression levels were higher in AChR‐MG patients.ConclusionThe present study supports the crucial role of the Th17 pathway in the pathobiology of MG, including its potential influence on disease severity.
Maxillary sinus lift augmentation: A randomized clinical trial with histological data comparing deproteinized bovine bone grafting vs graftless procedure with a 5–12‐year follow‐up
Authors: Carmagnola Daniela , Pispero Alberto , Pellegrini Gaia , Sutera Samuele , Henin Dolaji , Lodi Giovanni , Achilli Antonio , Dellavia Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionDifferent protocols and procedures for sinus lift and implant placement are available, generally involving the use of grafts to increase the tissue volume and/or prevent the Schneiderian membrane from collapsing. Among xenografts, deproteinised bovine bone graft (DBBP) is frequently used in sinus lift procedures. Leaving an ungrafted space following membrane elevation has proven to have a bony regenerative potential as well. This study aimed to compare the clinical and histological features of sinus lift surgery performed with or without biomaterials.MethodsPatients with severe maxillary posterior atrophy (residual bone height 2–6 mm and residual crest thickness ≥4 mm), and in need of sinus lift surgery to allow the placement of three implants were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. They underwent sinus lifts with DBBP (control) or with a graftless technique (test) and immediate placement of two implants (a mesial and distal one). After 6 months, a bone sample was retrieved from the area between the previously inserted fixtures, and a third, central implant was placed. The collected bone samples were analyzed morphologically and histomorphometrically. The patients were provided with prosthetic restorations after 6 months and followed up for 5–12 years.ResultsTen patients were enrolled in the test and nine in the control group. The 6‐month follow‐up showed in the control group an average augmentation of 10.31 mm (±2.12), while in the test group it was 8.5 mm (±1.41) and a success rate of 96.3% in the control and 86.7% in the test group (p > 0.05). The histological analysis evidenced the presence of new bone tissue surrounded by immature osteoid matrix in the test group, and a variable number of DBBP particles surrounded by an immature woven bone matrix in the control group.ConclusionThe results of the present trial indicate that, with residual bone height of 2–6 mm and residual crest thickness ≥4 mm, sinus lift surgery with or without biomaterials followed by implant restoration, produces similar clinical and histological outcomes.
The Screening Hand Assessment for Infants for detecting the risk of unilateral cerebral palsy: Item selection and development
Authors: Ryll Ulrike C. , Kembe Johanna , Verhage Cornelia H. , Sgandurra Giuseppina , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena , Eliasson Ann‐Christin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo develop a screening tool (the screening Hand Assessment for Infants [s‐HAI]) for infants aged from 3.5 months that can identify a high risk of developing unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) based on a selection of items from the HAI.MethodReceiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on previously collected HAI assessments from 212 infants (104 females, 108 males) aged from 3.5 to 8.5 months, to select items suitable for screening. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and cut‐off values were derived for the suggested item combination. The clinical outcome (unilateral CP yes or no) at 24 months or older served as the external criterion.ResultsAbout half of the infants developed unilateral CP. The AUC across the items ranged from 0.63 to 0.80, and from 0.85 to 0.87 for different item combinations. Sensitivity for the selected 6‐item set was 91% for 8 points or less and 88% for 7 points or less on the contralesional score of each hand, while specificity was 60% and 73% respectively.InterpretationThe s‐HAI, designed from six HAI items, has the potential to be used to screen infants at risk of unilateral CP from 3.5 months of age. It is easy to administer, time‐efficient, and can be used in different settings. Its measurement properties and feasibility need to be tested in a new data set.
Enhancing clinical service design for multimorbidity management: A comprehensive approach to joined‐up care for diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure
Authors: Al‐Chalabi Saif , Sinha Smeeta , Kalra Philip A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMultimorbidity is becoming the norm rather than the exception, especially among the ageing population and people with lower socio‐economic status. In addition to the rising healthcare cost, multimorbidity poses considerable difficulty in the delivery of adequate holistic care for affected patients.MethodsThis review presents a discussion of the current barriers to delivering holistic care to people with multimorbidity and proposes a model of clinical care for people living with cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) syndrome as an exemplar of a multimorbidity cluster.ResultsSingle organ/disease services may not be able to provide optimum care to people with multimorbidity due to the potential complex interactions between multiple disease symptoms and management. In addition, people with multimorbidity may be required to attend multiple appointments in different healthcare centres. This may negatively impact access to services due to time and financial burden. Other barriers include co‐ordinating communication between healthcare professionals and reduced continuity of care. Optimising CKM health requires patient‐centred care led by an interdisciplinary care team who ideally should possess CKM competencies utilising a shared care protocol to coordinate evidence‐based care and use of telehealth to empower patients. Stakeholders and policymakers need to adapt new policy models to establish and enhance CKM care models by allocating funds and implementing frameworks for educational reforms.ConclusionsA CKM service has the potential to increase the uptake of cardiac and renal protective medications as well as optimising metabolic care, increase capacity in both primary and secondary care, improve quality of life and clinical outcomes, reduce patient inconvenience, and importantly allow rapid translation of advances in cardiorenal metabolic diseases into clinical practice.
Heated fibre optics to monitor soil moisture under successive saturation–drying cycles: An experimental approach
Authors: Bertotto Luis Eduardo , Reis Alan , Cobalchini Érick Rúbens Oliveira , Schwamback Dimaghi , Sousa Mota Uchôa José Gescilam , Wendland Edson Cezar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, distributed temperature sensing (DTS) has emerged as a robust technology for environmental applications, enabling high‐resolution temperature measurements along fibre optic cables (FOCs). The actively heated fibre optic (AHFO) method is employed to monitor soil moisture (, m3 m−3), wherein the soil temperature subsequent to the application of a heat pulse is measured by a DTS (AHFO‐DTS approach). Despite significant improvements in the application of AHFO‐DTS under controlled and natural conditions, the thermal behaviour of soil during multiple saturation–natural drying cycles has been insufficiently evaluated. This study aimed to address this gap by constructing an experimental horizontal soil profile in the laboratory for the application of the AHFO‐DTS method during two successive saturation–drainage–evaporation (SDE) cycles. Three heating strategies were applied to a metallic alloy in contact with a FOC, and calibration models were used to correlate with the thermal conductivity (), cumulative temperature increase (), and maximum temperature increase (). The results indicated that during the second SDE cycle, the highest errors in estimates were observed with the low power‐short heat pulse, whereas the application of the low power‐long duration and high power‐short duration pulses improved the accuracy of calculations. Additionally, errors in estimates escalated under wetter conditions, attributed to a shift in soil heat transfer capacity from the first to the second SDE cycle for > 0.10 m3 m−3. This behaviour was ascribed to thermal hysteresis, arising from the contact resistance of the FOC and the alloy with the surrounding soil. Furthermore, the method exhibited the least sensitivity to this effect and yielded reliable estimates, thus its adoption is recommended. Moreover, the use of the low power‐long duration heating strategy is suggested as it promotes a trade‐off between energy saving and accurate estimates. We concluded that assessing soil thermal response under multiple SDE cycles enhances the comprehension of the AHFO‐DTS method. Overall, our findings provide insights into enhancing the applicability of this approach under field conditions, particularly following irrigation schedules and natural rainfall events.
The protective effect of pregabalin and xanthenone on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah Maha M. , Ahmed Ahmed Mamdouh , Saleh Rabeh Khairy , Messiha Basim Anwar Shehata , Rofaeil Remon Roshdy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTorsion of the spermatic cord is a hazardous and common urologic issue. The current work evaluates the possible protective effect of pregabalin (PGB) and xanthenone (XAN) in testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by testicular torsion/detorsion in rats.Materials and methodsSeven groups of adult male Wistar albino rats were allocated randomly into seven groups, namely, sham control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), PGB 50 mg/kg, PGB 100 mg/kg, XAN 1 mg/kg, XAN 2 mg/kg, and PGB 50 mg/kg plus XAN 1 mg/kg groups. Serum cholesterol and testosterone levels were determined. Also, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐қB), angiotensin (Ang) II, Ang‐(1–7), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme2 (ACE2) were assessed in testicular tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and caspase‐3 was performed. Finally, the histopathological examination of the testicular tissues was performed.ResultsThe PGB 50 mg/kg, PGB 100 mg/kg, XAN 1 mg/kg, XAN 2 mg/kg, and PGB 50 mg/kg plus XAN 1 mg/kg groups showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol, MDA, NO, TNF‐α, NF‐қB, and Ang‐II levels coupled with a significant increase in both testosterone and ACE2 expression. Furthermore, all test groups showed a significant improvement in the histopathological picture with a reduction in caspase‐3 and an increase in HO‐1 immunoexpression in testicular tissue.ConclusionPGB and XAN may have promising effects on preventing testicular T/D injury through antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions.
Histone H3.3 chaperone HIRA renders stress‐responsive genes poised for prospective lethal stresses in acquired tolerance
Authors: Nagagaki Yoshikazu , Kozakura Yuji , Mahandaran Theventhiran , Fumoto Yukiko , Nakato Ryuichiro , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Ishikawa Fuyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAppropriate responses to environmental challenges are imperative for the survival of all living organisms. Exposure to low‐dose stresses is recognized to yield increased cellular fitness, a phenomenon termed hormesis. However, our molecular understanding of how cells respond to low‐dose stress remains profoundly limited. Here we report that histone variant H3.3‐specific chaperone, HIRA, is required for acquired tolerance, where low‐dose heat stress exposure confers resistance to subsequent lethal heat stress. We found that human HIRA activates stress‐responsive genes, including HSP70, by depositing histone H3.3 following low‐dose stresses. These genes are also marked with histone H3 Lys‐4 trimethylation and H3 Lys‐9 acetylation, both active chromatin markers. Moreover, depletion of HIRA greatly diminished acquired tolerance, both in normal diploid fibroblasts and in HeLa cells. Collectively, our study revealed that HIRA is required for eliciting adaptive stress responses under environmental fluctuations and is a master regulator of stress tolerance.