bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin and a single-high dose methylprednisolone effect on the oxidantantioxidant system in the rabbit heart tissue / Melatonin ve tek-yüksek doz metilprednizolonun tavşan kalp dokusunda oksidan-antioksidan sistem üzerine etkisi
Authors: Mertoğlu Cuma , Kiraz Zeynep Küskü , Söğüt Erkan , Özyurt Hüseyin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objective: Glucocorticoids have been used in the treatment of a number of diseases due to their widely therapeutic effects. But they have serious side effects. Although glucocorticoid therapy is an effective measure to prevent and treat many diseases in patients, it can cause adverse effects on the cardiovascular system secondary to oxidative stress. It has been suggested that melatonin is a potent antioxidant and that melatonin supplements may protect against such age-related diseases as atherosclerosis, cancer, and Alzheimer disease. In this study, we investigated whether such effects of a single high dose steroid has adverse consequences for the oxidant-antioxidant system of rabbit heart tissue and whether melatonin treatment is protective in the rabbit. For this purpose we measurument some biochemical parameters in the rabbit heart tissue.
Methods: Level of malondialdehyde (MDA, a lipid peroxidation product), protein carbonyl (PC, a protein oxidation product) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured from heart tissue samples of all rabbits included in the study. Also antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities were measured from heart tissues. In the study, 20 rabbits were used. The rabbits were separated into three groups. Group I: Control group, group II: Methylprednisolone group, group III: Methylprednisolone plus melatonin group.
Results: The results of the study; PC levels significantly decreased in methylprednisolone plus melatoninin group compared to the control group (p=0.03). PC levels decreased in methlyprednisolone group compared to the control group and higher than methlyprednisolone + melatonin group but these changes aren’t significant statistically. No statistical difference was determined by MDA, NO levels and SOD, GSH-Px, catalase activities of all groups.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study we can say that administration of a single high dose methylprednisolone doesn’t increase oxidative stress Also, melatonine is a potent antioxidant agent in the heart tissue.
I5–polymers with a layered arrangement: synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of a new polyiodide salt in the nicotine/HI/I2system
Authors: Reiss Guido J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reaction ofS-nicotine with hydroiodic acid in the presence of iodine gave the new polyiodide-containing salt nicotine-1,1′-diium bis(triiodide)-diiodine (1/1) (C10H16N2) [I3]2·I2(1). The title compound has been characterised by spectroscopic methods (Raman and IR) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of the title structure consists of one dication, two triiodide anions, and one iodine molecule, all located in general positions in the non-centrosymmetric space groupP1. One of the two crystallographically independent triiodide anions and the doubly protonated nicotinium dication form hydrogen-bonded chains alongb, which are arranged parallel to each other in the ½bcplane. The second crystallographically independent triiodide anion and the iodine molecule form an I5–moiety, which is end-on connected to two symmetry-related anions resulting in polyiode zig–zag chains along the [0 1 1̅] direction. These polyiodide chains are stacked parallel to each other in the 0bcplane. The Raman spectrum of the title compound shows characteristic lines in the 50–200 cm–1range, which are in excellent agreement with the findings derived from the crystal structure.
Physicians' Confusion Demonstrated by Competency Requests
Authors: Weinstock R , Copelan R , Bagheri A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study was performed at a Veteran's Administration (VA) Hospital of the requests for competency evaluations made by medical and surgical services to a psychiatric consultant service. Since less than half the requests were found to be appropriate and specific, this study emphasizes the need for forensic psychiatrists to educate our nonpsychiatric colleagues about the problems engendered by confusion regarding competency. To do so, psychiatrists as well as other physicians and mental health professionals must be trained in discriminating between different types of competencies and the criteria appropriate for each. Because of continuing legal developments, it is becoming increasingly essential to be precise not only about the specific purpose for a competency request but also about the criteria necessary for evaluating different types of competencies. Forensic psychiatrists could play an important role in the education process to clarify the confusion. This study highlights the need for clarity and education concerning competency issues.
Studies of Toxic Gas Production During Actual Structural Fires in the Dallas Area
Authors: Lowry WT , Juarez L , Petty CS , Roberts B 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Gases produced during structural fires were studied as to their potential toxicities. Carbon monoxide was the only gas measured in concentrations considered to be lethal within a short period of time. No correlations were found between gases produced and materials burning. However, significant correlations were discovered between gases produced and the physical aspects of the fire (intensity, burning rate, and the like). The organic compounds identified within the gases gave insight as to another potential health hazard not yet considered. These organic compounds are the products of free radical reactions and as free radicals their potential as toxics is enormous.
An Evaluation of Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) and p30 Determinations for the Identification of Semen on Postcoital Vaginal Swabs
Authors: Stubbings NA , Newall PJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The following study entails the investigation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and p30 for the identification of seminal stains in sexual assault cases. A commercial kit was used to test for GGT activity, while p30 was demonstrated with a crossed electrophoresis technique. Specificity, sensitivity, and stability of both markers were studied. Postcoital swabs from lab staff were tested for GGT and p30. In addition, 144 postcoital swabs from case material were tested for p30, spermatozoa, and acid phosphatase. Results show p30 to be a useful semen marker particularly in cases of azoospermia. However, GGT was found to be unsuitable for forensic science casework.
Cannabis: Pharmacology and Interpretation of Effects
Authors: Mason AP , McBay AJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A selective introductory review of the Cannabis literature is presented. Subjects reviewed include the relative psychoactivities of Cannabis constituents, the disposition and distribution of THC and its metabolites, the relative psychoactivities of THC metabolites, and the use of cannabinoid concentrations in physiological fluids in interpretations of the significance of Cannabis-induced effects. The pharmacology of cannabinoids in humans is emphasized.
The Analysis of Explosives by Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: McLuckey SA , Glish GL , Carter JA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Data obtained via tandem mass spectrometry are reported for ions derived from several explosives and related compounds. Electron impact ionization, isobutane chemical ionization, and negative chemical ionization methods were used to form ions from each of the compounds studied. These compounds include o-, m-, and p-nitrotoluene; m-dinitrobenzene; 2,4-dinitrotoluene; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; 2,4-dinitrophenol; picric acid; 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX); 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetra-azacyclooctane (HMX); nitroglycerin; pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN); and ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN). For a given ionization method each class of compounds (that is, nitrobenzenes, heterocyclic nitramines, and nitrate esters) shows common decompositions. This promises to facilitate rapid screening for particular types of explosives by the neutral loss scanning procedure. Of the three ionization methods employed, electron impact ionization is least suitable for analysis of explosives by tandem mass spectrometry. Positive and negative chemical ionization methods, in contrast, tend to generate the types of ions most useful for analysis by tandem mass spectrometry.
Engineering Aspect of Automobile Accident Reconstruction Using Computer Simulation
Authors: Chi M , Vossoughi J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Using engineering principles including laws of conservation of energy and momentum, automobile accidents involving two or more cars can be reconstructed. The information obtained in a field investigation and the police report is used as input to a microcomputer. Execution of a program developed specifically for such purposes yields a sequence of events that must have taken place resulting in the accident. The program employs the post-impact information and pre-impact headings of the vehicles to determine the pre-impact velocities of the cars. Computer-aided investigation is of paramount interest to law enforcement agencies, insurance companies, and trial lawyers.
Fatal Strychnine Poisoning—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Perper JA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A typical case of suicidal strychnine poisoning by a rodenticide is presented. The forceful muscular convulsions were accompanied by a clear sensorium. Pathological findings consisted of an early onset of postmortem rigidity and microscopic hemorrhages with minimal degenerative neuronal changes in the spinal cord. The highest tissue concentrations of strychnine were found in the bile and liver. The pathophysiology and epidemiology of strychnine poisoning is reviewed and discussed in context.
Illusions of Tracing
Authors: Vastrick TW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Numerous explainable phenomena occur in handwriting that give the product the illusion of being a tracing. This paper exposes various illusions of tracing by describing specific case studies that include diffusion of ink components viewed under infrared luminescence, “sister” lines, rough writing surfaces, writing machines, and plastic lamination. Also discussed is a common principle that exposes illusions.
Phosphoglucomutasel and 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Types in Human Skin and Adipose Tissue
Authors: Katsumata Y , Ito H , Aoki M , Tsutsumi H , Sato K , Oya M , Suzuki O , Yada S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Attempts were made to detect phenotypes of the enzymes phosphoglucomutase 1(PGM1) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in human skin and adipose tissues. Both enzymes could be typed using approximately 3 mg wet weight of tissue. Phenotypes could be distinguished after up to 15 days of aging for PGM1 and ten days of aging for PGD. Analysis of isoenzymes is potentially useful for mediolegal identification of human skin and adipose tissue.
A Fatal Methocarbamol Intoxication
Authors: Kemal M , Imami R , Poklis A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A fatal methocarbamol intoxication is presented. Significant toxicologic findings were blood concentrations of 525 mg/L methocarbamol and 140 mg/dL ethanol. Analysis was by thin-layer, gas-liquid, and high pressure liquid chromatography. Toxicology data relevant to the interpretation of case findings are discussed.
A Review of The Cashless Society: EFTS at the Crossroads
Authors: Graziano JV 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A society without paper money? Push a button and have funds transferred electronically to pay the rent, the telephone bill, and your babysitter? Steal millions electronically? Destroy a corporate competitor at the push of a button? Traditional felons becoming obsolete? It is closer than you think, the author tells us in his fourth and, perhaps, best book.
Fingerprint Comparison. I: Similarity of Fingerprints
Authors: Lin CHL , Liu JH , Osterburg JW , Nicol JD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fingerprints from 61 pairs of male monozygotic twins (MZ), 47 pairs of female MZ, 40 pairs of same-sex male dizygotic twins (DZ), 44 pairs of same-sex female DZ, 4 pairs of opposite-sex DZ, and 28 brothers and 31 sisters of those twins are used for the study of fingerprint similarities. Similarities of fingerprint pattern, ridge count, and minutiae are evaluated for two population groups genetically related to each other in different degrees. It is concluded that fingerprint similarities, including pattern, ridge count, and possibly minutiae, between MZ individuals are significantly higher than those between other population groups, including DZ twins.
Medical Examiner/coroner Jurisdiction in Cases Involving Federal Interests
Authors: Spencer JD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Under state laws, a medical examiner or coroner is charged with the investigation of sudden, unexpected, violent, and unexplained deaths. In several situations where there are federal interests, there may be conflict as to whether the jurisdiction belongs to state or federal authorities. Some situations of possible conflict—death on a military installation, military aircraft accidents, mass transportation disasters, and executive and congressional assassinations-are reviewed.
Mass Chromatographic Analysis of Arson Accelerants
Authors: Smith RM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We have developed a method for analyzing arson accelerants by computerized capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) in which the data produced is subjected to mass chromatography for sums of up to four ions at a time. Ions were chosen to represent major hydrocarbon families normally present in common arson accelerants and included m/z 57+71+85+99 (aliphatics), 55+69+83+97 (alicyclics and olefinics), 91+105+119+133 (alkylbenzenes). 104+118+132+146 (alkylstyrenes alkyldihydroindenes). 128+142+156+170 (alkylnapthalenes). 178+192+206 (alkylanthracenes). and 93+136 (monoterpenes). Further mass chromatography for individual molecular ions often identified single components. Crude quantitative data were obtained from ion count measurements provided with the mass chromatograms by the data system. The range and pattern of aliphatic compounds, ratio of aliphatics to alicyclics (olefinics). relative concentrations of alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes, and presence or absence of unusual hydrocarbon families were found to distinguish between an assortment of standard accelerants and their evaporated residues.
The Collection and Detection of Accelerant Vapors Using Porous Polymers and Curie Point Pyrolysis Wires Coated with Active Carbon
Authors: Andrasko J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The sampling of organic vapors from arson residues using different types of adsorbants is studied. Sampling tubes packed with porous polymers (Porapak Q and Tenax GC) as well as Curie point pyrolysis wires coated with finely divided or granular active carbon are used. The adsorption and desorption of several common accelerants carried out by these techniques is compared. The optimum conditions for applying the described techniques to the forensic science examination of fire debris are studied. Some comparisons with conventional headspace analysis of accelerant vapors are discussed.
Individualization of Automobile Engine Oils II. Application of Variable Separation Synchronous Excitation Fluorescence to the Analysis of Used Automobile Engine Oils
Authors: Kubic TA , Sheehan FX 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Forty-five used automobile engine oils were analyzed with conventional fluorescence techniques as well as synchronous excitation and variable separation synchronous excitation fluorometry. Only two samples were considered to be indistinguishable in this group of samples. The high sensitivity, nondestructiveness, and rapidity of these procedures, coupled with their high discriminating power, make fluorometry a method that can be recommended in forensic oil individualization.
Striation Evidence in Counterfeiting Cases
Authors: Cain S , Winand JE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
There has been little information of recent vintage that deals with those unique striation mark identification criteria normally associated with paper cutting tools. Occasionally, forensic science laboratories have been provided with striation evidence where improper collection and transmittal procedures have hampered subsequent edge comparison analysis. This paper has been written in an attempt to bridge the generation gap with more recent tool mark evidence processing procedures. There are a variety of identification factors that are important in striation comparisons and should be considered by both the field investigators and administrative personnel in the transmittal and collection of pertinent evidence. The following factors are discussed in the paper: (1) production of striation markings, (2) variation in striation markings, (3) importance of clamp impression markings, (4) proper preservation and transmittal procedures for tool mark evidence, (S) collection of tool mark standards, and (6) a recent U.S. Secret Service counterfeiting case illustration.
The General Toxicology Unknown I. The Systematic Approach
Authors: Wu Chen NB , Schaffer MI , Lin R-L , Kurland ML , Donoghue ER , Stein RJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The general toxicology unknown often presents challenges and interests to toxicologists. A systematic analytical approach to search for drugs or poisons is presented here. The preliminary screening analyses were as follows: alcohol by gas chromatography (GC), ethchlorvynol colorimetric analysis, enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), basic drug screening by GC, and neutral and weakly acidic drug screening by GC. Other additional analyses were performed depending on the special circumstance of each individual case and the results of these preliminary analyses. Positive findings were confirmed by computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry when practical. Quantitation was performed by GC whenever possible.
Competent and Incompetent Defendants Referred to a Court Psychiatric Clinic: A Clinical Comparison
Authors: Heller MS , Traylor WH , Ehrlich SM , Lester D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Psychiatric evaluation of a defendant's present state of mind is required by criminal courts whenever the question of competency to proceed in the face of criminal charges is raised. From the examination of court-ordered psychiatric evaluations conducted during a seven-year period, a comparison was made of demographic, clinical, and diagnostic differences between a group of defendants evaluated as incompetent to stand trial and a group evaluated as competent. Findings showed the incompetent defendant to be older, more likely to be female, and more often intellectually impaired. Psychiatric diagnoses revealed more severe symptoms of disabling mental illness and a greater likelihood of psychosis. Because a finding of competency or incompetency dictates different legal dispositions, frequently bringing the legal proceedings to a halt and diverting the defendant into the mental health system, clear behavioral and symptomatic criteria for incompetency to stand trial are needed.
Accidental Digoxin Overdose in an Infant: Postmortem Tissue Concentrations
Authors: Hastreiter AR , Kim PW , van der Horst R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We report the digoxin concentration in various tissues of a seven-week-old infant who died 45 min after receiving an accidental intravenous overdose of digoxin. The digoxin content of various organs was calculated and expressed as a percentage of dose administered. The literature of accidental massive digoxin overdose in infants has been reviewed. Data on tissue concentrations and distribution of digoxin in this age group is scarce. The concentration of digoxin in myocardium, kidney, liver, and other organs observed in our case rank among the highest ever reported in human tissues.
Introduction—Effective Expert Testimony
Authors: Sognnaes RF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This symposium was organized, with the help of several academicians who have served as professors of Speech and related Communication Departments at Universities in and around Los Angeles, for a panel discussion held there during the 33rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 17–20 Feb. 1981. Serving as moderator under the sponsorship of the AAFS's Odontology Section, the topic of “Effective Expert Testimony” was considered in the following sequence, related to various aspects of court communications: (1) the expert witness and the use of videotape recordings; (2) the role of nonverbal communication in the course of expert testimony; (3) the nature of jury response to the expert witness; (4) the major components of source credibility of the expert witness; and, as a kind of concluding verbal “autopsy” (S) discussion of the legal dimensions and practical court experiences pertinent to effective testimony. Within AAFS the practical applications of forensic sciences have been encouraged by multidisciplinary cooperation, joint sessions, and so forth. Similarly, the basic contribution by academicians within the University family offers promise of a return in forensic science research and education. Not only does that apply to interdisciplinary participation by Schools of Dentistry, Law, Medicine, Public Health, and Social Sciences, but also by academic Campus Divisions dealing with the Humanities, including such Departments as Communication and Speech, as illustrated by the present Symposium on Effective Expert Testimony.
General Discussion
Authors: Isaac G , Sognnaes RF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
(by Moderator) The opening of discussion (by Godfrey Isaac, Esq.) stressed the advantage of practical court experience in the application of behavioral art and sciences to forensic science cases. Among factors emphasized were (a) the need for “being oneself,” that is, expressing the individual personality rather than trying to adjust to an assumed form of wardrobe, speech, and so forth; (b) one's psychological preparation, “being ready,” the homework done well; and (c) adopt an individual style, “being in touch.” do your own thing. At the same time other panel members (Drs. Tom Miller and Ken Sereno) countered that effective communication is not an inherent natural behavior, that is, people are not born effective speakers. Hence, it pays off to take training in order to be a “better witness,” that is. a more effective self. Participants from the audience commented that they had enjoyed these “unique presentations” (Dr. Gerald Vale), had learned a lot, and were “very much impressed” (Dr. Emanuel Tanay).
A Review of Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
Authors: Cravey RH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This second edition of Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man will be a welcome addition to the reference library of those involved in the analytical and interpretative aspects of forensic toxicology. It has been four years since the first edition and during that time an overwhelming number of studies have appeared in the literature on the fate of drugs and other toxic chemicals in man as well as on new methods for the analysis of these substances and their metabolites from biofluids. Dr. Baselt has thoroughly reviewed the literature and critically selected the essential information to include in each monograph.