bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Proteins of Poliovirus Type 2 Isolates
Authors: Yoneyama Tetsuo , Hagiwara Akio , Hara Minoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeventeen strains of type 2 poliovirus isolated from vaccinees and vaccine‐contacts in Japan were analyzed for viral structural proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An alteration in electrophoretic mobility of VP1 was observed in most of the strains from paralytic patients and healthy vaccinees. The alteration in VP1 was observed at a high frequency among many strains, but no significant relation between the mobility change of VP1 and antigenic marker or rct/40 marker was observed. No alteration in mobility of other structural proteins was observed among the strains examined except for one with altered VP3. The results suggested that VP1 of Sabin type 2 strain was easily changeable during replication in human intestines.
Electrochemical Modification of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein by‐Host Cell Transformation
Authors: Miki Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractElectrochemical properties of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)‐transformed cells was compared with that of its counterpart grown in nontransformed cells. In DEAE‐Sephadex column chromatography, the glycoproteins of VSV derived from transformed cells appeared more heterogeneous and had a tendency to elute with higher concentrations of NaCl than those from nontransformed cells. In isoelectric focussing, the glycoproteins of VSVs derived from transformed and nontransformed cells appeared as multiple components differing in the isoelectric point, and the glycoproteins from virus from transformed cells had isoelectric points that were more acidic than their counterparts from nontransformed cells. These results show that the glycoprotein of VSV consists of populations of molecules differing in charge and their isoelectric points were shifted to the acidic side by host cell transformation.
Isolation and Characterization of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma from Apparently Healthy and Diseased (Infectious Sinusitis) Turkeys
Authors: El Sayed Shawki Ali Khider , Chandiramani Nebhan Karamchand , Garg Daya Nand 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInvestigation of 136 turkeys (24 manifesting infra‐orbital sinusitis, 112 apparently healthy) resulted in isolation of 79 strains of Mycoplasma and 4 of Acholeplasma. By the disc growth inhibition test with 16 reference antisera of avian serogroups, 55 strains were identified serologically and 28 remained unidentified. Thirteen strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, 1 of M. meleagridis, and 2 of Acholeplasma laidlawii were isolated from turkey sinusitis whereas serogroups C (2), D (19), F (8), M. meleagridis (4), M. anatis (4), A. laidlawii (2), and 28 unidentified strains were isolated from apparently healthy turkeys. Three patterns were recognized on the basis of glucose, maltose, and sucrose, fermentation. The most frequent, pattern I, included 13 M. gallisepticum strains whereas 5 M. meleagridis strains belonged to fermentation pattern III. Isolates were also studied for reduction of tetrazolium, methylene blue, potassium tellurite, resistance to methylene blue and sodium taurocholate, and production of arginine deiminase and “film and spots.” Inoculation of selected isolates into developing chick embryos revealed that 2 A. laidlawii strains were nonpathogenic and 13 M. gallisepticum, 1 serogroup D and 2 serogroup F strains were pathogenic, causing 50–100% mortality. In vitro antibiotic disc sensitivity tests indicated that rovamycin (solubilized spiramycin) may be recommended for turkey mycoplasmosis. Isolation of 2 A. laidlawii strains from turkey sinusitis and 4 M. anatis strains from apparently healthy turkeys appears interesting.
Analysis of Human T‐Cell Antigens by One‐ and Two‐Dimesional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Fujimoto Junichiro , Ishii Yoshifumi , Kon Shinichiro , Matsuura Akihiro , Kikuchi Kokichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne‐ and two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed on immunoprecipitates formed between anti‐human T‐cell xenoantiserum (ATS) and cell‐surface glycoproteins of human lymphocytes, that had been radioiodinated by lactoperoxidase and purified on a Lentil lectin‐coupled Sepharose 4B column. In some experiments, the cells were 3H‐labeled by periodate‐tritiated borohydride. ATS that was absorbed with B cells recognized a number of cell‐surface antigens expressed preferentially on human thymus and T cells, with molecular weights of 150K (T150), 94K (T94), 72K (T72), and 65K (T65) daltons. Whereas T150 appeared to consist of multiple components of heavily sialylated glycoproteins and to be expressed largely on thymus and T cells, and to a much lesser extent on B cells, the remaining T94, T72, and T65 glycoproteins seemed to be present on thymus and T cells but absent from B cells. Two‐dimentional PAGE analysis of these T‐cell glycoproteins precipitated by ATS demonstrated that T94 was an acidic glycoprotein with pI of 4, while T72 and T65, the latter being found on thymus and T cells but not on T cell‐type leukemic cells, exhibited marked electric charge heterogeneity with pI ranging from 4 to 7. These data clearly suggest that human thymus and T cells possess a complex antigenic make‐up on their cell surfaces, comparable to that of mouse T cells with a variety of Ly antigen systems.
Drug Resistance and R Plasmids in Bordetella bronchiseptica Isolates from Pigs
Authors: Shimizu Mikio , Kuninori Kenji , Inoue Matsuhisa , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of 207 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from pigs in 1978 and 1979 were tested for drug resistance and for the properties of their R plasmids. Apart from intrinsic resistance to spectinomycin, single (sulfadimethoxine), double (sulfadimethoxine and streptomycin), andt riple (sulfadimethoxine, streptomycin, and ampicillin) resistance were found in 54.1%, 1.0%, and 15.9% of the strains, respectively. All of the triple‐resistance determinants were associated with mercury resistance and were conjugative. pBB1, one of these R plasmids, was identified as Fi− (F) and Spp− (no suppression of phage multiplication) type, and as a member of incompatability group IncP. The single‐ and double‐resistance determinants were nonconjugative. pBB2, one of the double‐resistance determinants, was mobilized by an R plasmid, RP4, with the high efficiency of 80% and at a frequency of 3.3% without cotransfer of RP4. The molecular weight of pBB1 and pBB2 was estimated at 36 × 106 and 13 × 106 daltons, respectively, by electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. pBB1 had five cleavage sites for EcoRI endonuclease, and four sites for HindIII. pBB2 had two EcoRI sites, one HindIII, and one BamHI site. Cells carrying pBB1 or pBB2 produced enzymic activity that inactivated streptomycin in the presence of ATP.
In Vitro Growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium under the Influence of Macrophage Cultures
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiyasu , Tatsukawa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractElongation and limited multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium was observed extracellularly when the bacilli spotted on a coverslip were placed face to face with cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages adhering to the inside of a test tube held at an angle of 15°. There was no doubt that certain growth‐promoting but unstable factors were released from the macrophages.
Isolation of an Hswl Nav4 Influenza Virus from a Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) in Japan
Authors: Tsubokura Misao , Otsuki Koichi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Nerome Kuniaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a tufted duck captured in Lake Shinji, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, and identified as influenza A by double immunodiffusion tests with the antiserum to influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein. The hemagglutinin of the isolate was antigenically related to that of A/New Jersey/8/76 but was not identical with it. The neuraminidase antigen of this Hswl subtype was closely related to that of A/turkey/Ontario/6118/68 and was shown to be Nav4 subtype. After experimental infection of 5‐week‐old SPF‐chickens with the isolate, virus was recovered from various organs including the brain, despite the absence of signs of disease.
Enhancement of Cytotoxicity of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Interferon
Authors: Kato Tsuneo , Minagawa Tomonori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHuman lung carcinoma cells persistently infected with mumps virus (Pc‐10/MpV) were lysed with human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) obtained from seropositive donors who had anti‐mumps virus‐neutralizing antibody in their sera. This cellular cytotoxicity was due not to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes but mainly to the non‐T, non‐B cells, possibly related to natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, it was concerned not with antibody against mumps virus antigens but with alpha‐interferon (IFN‐α) produced in the mixture of human PBML and Pc‐10/MpV cells, since this cellular cytotoxicity was suppressed by anti‐human IFN‐α rabbit serum. Exogeneous IFN‐α augmented the cytotoxicity of non‐T, non‐B cells, not T cells, for the uninfected Pc‐10 cells. IFN‐γ that had been induced by heat‐killed Listeria monocytogenes in PBML had the same capacity to augment NK activity did IFN‐α.
Agglutination, Toxigenicity and Sorbitol Fermentation of Clostridium difficile
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Serikawa Toshihiko , Mikawa Masato , Nakashio Satoshi , Yamakawa Kiyotaka , Nishida Shoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of 79 Clostridium difficile strains from different sources (50 strains from the fecal specimens of healthy adults, 13 from patients receiving antibiotics without gastrointestinal complications, 13 from antibiotic‐associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) or diarrhea patients, and three strains from ATCC) were investigated for agglutinability, using formol‐treated cells as antigen, in relation to toxigenicity. C. difficile strains tested were divided into four serovars, I, II, III, and IV, by the cross‐agglutination test. The agglutinin absorption test revealed that strains of serovar I, agglutinable with high titers (5,120–10,240) to antiserum prepared against a highly toxigenic C. difficile strain, ATCC 17859, possessed the serovar‐specific antigen. All of the strains of serovar I were highly toxigenic and all 13 strains isolated from the fecal specimens of antibiotic‐associated PMC or diarrhea patients belonged to this serovar, whereas 19 (38%) out of 50 strains from healthy adults and four (30.8%) out of 13 strains from patients receiving antibiotics without gastrointestinal complications possessed this antigen. None of the strains of other clostridial species than C. difficile were agglutinated by the three reference antisera used. Further study on the sugar fermentation test disclosed that the sorbitol‐fermenting property of C. difficile is very closely related to the toxigenicity and agglutinability.
Further Studies of the Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae Possessing Strong Adjuvanticity: I. Production of the Adjuvant Polysaccharide by Noncapsulated Mutant
Authors: Ohta Michio , Mori Masashi , Hasegawa Takaaki , Nagase Fumihiko , Nakashima Izumi , Naito Setsuko , Kato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn culture fluid, Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain produces polysaccharide exhibiting a strong adjuvant effect. The active substance responsible for the strong adjuvant effect of the polysaccharide is not its acidic polysaccharide fraction (the type‐specific capsular antigen) but the neutral polysaccharide fraction. In the present study, a mutant which did not produce the type‐specific capsular polysaccharide was isolated from ultraviolet‐irradiated cells of K. pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain which had been labeled with leucine‐requiring marker by selecting unagglutinable cells with the antiserum to the type‐specific capsular polysaccharide. Serological tests showed that the type‐specific acidic capsular polysaccharide was present neither on the cells surface nor in the culture fluid of the mutant. Electron microscopically, the mutant did not possess any capsular material. On the other hand, nearly an equal amount of neutral polysaccharide antigen was produced in culture fluids of the noncapsulated mutant and the parent strain. The neutral polysaccharide antigen produced by the noncapsulated mutant exhibited the same degree of strong adjuvant effect on antibody response to bovine gammaglobulin in mice as that produced by the parent strain. The relationship between the neutral polysaccharide antigen in culture fluid and the O antigen of K. pneumoniae was discussed.
Comparison of Three Electron Microscopy Techniques for the Detection of Human Rotaviruses
Authors: Trépanier Pierre , Alain Robert , Micusan Valeriu , McLaughlin Bernadette , Berthiaume Laurent 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRotavirus detection by direct electron microscopy was compared with direct and indirect immune electron microscopy techniques. The latter two approaches permitted the enumeration of 25 and 103 times more rotaviruses respectively, than direct electron microscopy. Also, 70% and 90% of the virus particles were aggregated by direct and indirect immune electron microscopy techniques respectively, thus facilitating their detection.
Stimulation of Nonspecific Host Resistance to Infection Induced by Muramyldipeptides
Authors: Matsumoto Kensuke , Ogawa Hidemasa , Nagase Osamu , Kusama Tsuneo , Azuma Ichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of muramyldipeptide (MDP), N‐acetylmuramyl‐l‐alanyl‐d‐isoglutamine [MDP(Ala)], and its analogs on bacterial infection was studied using the experimental model of sepsis infection in mice. Injection of MDP(Ala) gave mice definitive protection against E. coli infection, but only partial protection against P. aeruginosa or K. pneumoniae infection. Several factors influencing the protective activity of MDP (Ala) on E. coli infection were studied, and it was demonstrated that the activity was induced by various routes of administration of MDP(Ala), including the oral route, and was markedly influenced by the bacterial inoculum size. It was also shown that the effective dose of MDP(Ala) was 100 μg per mouse for intraperitoneal, intravenous or subcutaneous injections and 1,000 μg per mouse when administered orally. Furthermore, the optimal interval between MDP‐treatment and infection was 24 hr when the treatment was carried out before infection. Clearance of bacterial cells in blood was observed after E. coli infection in mice treated with MDP(Ala).The efficacy of MDP(Ala) and two analogs, N‐acetylmuramyl‐l‐valyl‐d‐isoglutamine [MDP(Val)] and N‐acetylmuramyl‐l‐seryl‐d‐isoglutamine [MDP (Ser)], was evaluated for the E. coli infection; MDP(Val) was proven to be slightly less active than MDP(Ala), and MDP(Ser) to be the least effective, although MDP(Val) or MDP(Ser) was reported to have higher adjuvanticity than MDP (Ala) for the development of delayed‐type hypersensitivity.
In Vitro Proliferative Response and Polyclonal Antibody Production in Spleen Cells of Immunologically Defective CBA/N and C3H/HeJ Mice by Water‐Soluble Adjuvant (Bu‐WSA) Extracted from Bacterionema matruchotii
Authors: Okumura Seiichi , Nitta Toshimasa , Nakano Masayasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMitogenicity and the polyclonal plaque forming cell(PFC)‐inducing property of a water soluble‐adjuvant extracted from Bacterionema matruchotii by butanol (Bu‐WSA) were examined in vitro in the spleen cells of hybrid (CBA/N female × BALB/c male) F1 mice and C3H strain of mice. The hybrid F1 male cells which expressed a CBA/N‐defect were unable to respond to Bu‐WSA, when assessed by the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into the cells and the generation of anti‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐PFC or autoantibody PFC defined by the anti‐bromel‐ain‐treated mouse erythrocyte PFC assay. However, hybrid F1 female cells with normal traits responded to Bu‐WSA. Cultured spleen cells of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice responded to Bu‐WSA as in the case of cells of LPS‐responsive C3H/He mice, and the [3H]thymidine‐uptakes and the numbers of PFC in these culture cells increased. Re‐extraction of Bu‐WSA by phenol did not affect its activities, while the activity of butanol‐extracted LPS on C3H/HeJ cells decreased after re‐extraction by the same procedure with phenol.
Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Macrophage Activating Factor (MAF) in Murine Lymphocytes: Role of Mannopyranosyl Residue of the MAF Molecule in Macrophage Activation
Authors: Fukazawa Yoshimura , Kagaya Keiko , Miura Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractActivation of macrophages with macrophage activating factor (MAF) was evaluated by measuring the intracellular killing activity of murine macrophages against Salmonella typhimurium. Concanavalin A (Con A)‐induced MAF‐rich fraction was obtained by a Sephadex G‐100 column, which contained molecules ranging from 25,000 to 67,000 daltons. The intracellular killing ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages against S. typhimurium was found to be increased by 0.1 m d‐mannose as well as by Con A‐induced MAF‐rich fraction. Both 0.1 m d‐mannose and MAF exhibited a similar timing pattern for macrophage activation. The same concentration of d‐glucose or l‐rhamnose did not change bacterial uptake and intracellular killing by macrophages. Moreover, when MAF‐rich fraction was applied to a Con A‐Sepharose column, a fraction that was adsorbed on Con A and eluted with 0.1 m α‐methyl d‐mannoside exhibited MAF activity. These results suggest the possibility that mannopyranosyl residues in the MAF molecules play an important role as a ligand in macrophage activation.
A Halophilic Vibrio Isolated from a Case of Chronic Cholecystitis
Authors: Konishi Kenichi , Yamagishi Takayoshi , Sakamoto Kenichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe found a halophilic vibrio in B bile from a 75‐year‐old female patient with chronic cholecystitis, and examined its biochemical characteristics. The organisms are gram‐negative short rods or comma shaped, with some ring forms. They have a single polar flagellum, but no capsule. The strains can grow in peptone water with 1.0 to 4.0% NaCl, but not with no NaCl or 6.0% NaCl. The characteristics of the organisms are positive dextrose fermentation, catalase, oxidase, and ornithine decarboxylase, and negative lysine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, and absence of gas from glucose. They are sensitive to 2,4‐diamine‐6,7‐diisopropyl pteridine (0/129). These characteristics indicate that the isolated strain should be a halophilic vibrio. However, no growth on Salmonella‐Shigella (SS), SS with added sucrose and bromcresol purple (SS‐SB), MacConkey's or thiosulfate citrate bile salts (TCBS) agar plates was demonstrated. Nitrate reduction, Simmons' citrate agar, indole, o‐nitrophenol‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside (ONPG), motility and esculin hydrolysis were positive. Urease, gelatinase, Voges‐Proskauer, phenylalanine deaminase and malonate reactions were negative. Acid was produced from amygdalin, arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, salicin, starch, sucrose, trehalose, and xylose, but not from adonitol, dulcitol, inositol, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose and sorbitol. From these characteristics the isolate is considered to be not identical with V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus or other vibrios. It can be presumed that this isolate represents another species of halophilic vibrio.
Suppression of Hen Egg‐White Lysozyme (HEL)‐Specific Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity Responses in Mice by Suppressor T Cells after Neonatal Administration of Anti‐Idiotypic Antibodies
Authors: Semma Masanori , Amano Tsunehisa , Fujio Hajime , Sakato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnti‐idiotypic rabbit antiserum (anti‐Id) directed to the idiotypes of anti‐hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEL) antibody from a single C3H mouse (No. 2) was shown to be capable of recognizing only a fraction of the anti‐HEL antibody populations produced by other C3H mice. Experiments were performed to examine the effect of this particular anti‐Id on the delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response specific for the same protein antigen. A group of 60‐day‐old C3H mice which had been administered anti‐Id within 24 hr after birth were tested for HEL‐DTH response. The results indicated that the DTH response was completely suppressed by the anti‐Id treatment. The inhibition of DTH reactivity is due to active suppression and involves the generation of suppressor T cells. Thus, the suppression induced with a single injection of anti‐Id was transferable with both spleen cells and thymocytes from mice that received anti‐Id. These suppressor cells are T cells since their ability to suppress DTH is completely abrogated by treatment in vitro with anti‐Thy 1.2 serum and complement.
Intranuclear Incorporation of Thymic Low Molecular Weight RNA by Murine Bone Marrow Immunoblasts and Inhibition of Plasma Cell Formation by a Derivative of Rifampicin
Authors: Nakamura Kunie , Knight Richard A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn in vitro culture system for the proliferation of IgG‐forming plasma cells from mouse bone marrow cultures has previously been described. The present study attempts to elucidate the mode of action of thymic RNA in these cultures. Autoradiography after using radiolabeled thymic RNA showed that radioactive material was mainly incorporated into the nuclei of IgG‐forming plasma cells. No radiolabeled thymic RNA was incorporated into the cells except immunoblasts. The incorporated thymic RNA was acid insoluble and digested by RNase, but resistant to DNase and pronase. Radioactivity in the nucleotide pool after the cells were cultured with radiolabeled thymic RNA was negligible, indicating that reutilization of degraded RNA did not occur in the nuclei of the plasma cells. Moreover, the incorporation of radiolabeled thymic RNA by the cells was not prevented by excess unlabeled nucleosides. Escherichia coli transfer RNA, L‐cell RNA and synthetic polynucleotide poly(A U) were incorporated but were distributed in a different manner in the cells. A derivative of rifampicin, 2′,5′‐dimethyl N(4′)benzyl‐N(4′)[desmethyl]rifampicin (AF/ABDMP), a possible inhibitor of RNA‐dependent DNA polymerases, suppressed both the incorporation of thymic RNA and the differentiation of immunoblasts. AF/ABDMP suppressed DNA synthesis by bone marrow cultures to the same level as those pretreated with anti‐mouse B‐cell antibodies and complement. DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity was observed in the supernatant of bone marrow cultures stimulated by normal syngeneic thymic RNA and human gammaglobulin as antigen. These results imply a possible relationship between B‐cell differentiation and RNA‐dependent DNA polymerases.