bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effects of 6‐CySeCD with GPx activity against UVB‐induced injury in HaCaT cells
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Lin , Xu Ya‐Wei , Wang Cheng , Zhao Yang , Yu Ping , Lv Shao‐Wu , Yan Gang‐Lin , Liu Jun‐Qiu , Luo Gui‐Min 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by UVB irradiation could induce cell apoptosis and change the cell cycle. 6A,6A′‐dicyclohexylamine‐6B,6B′‐diselenide‐bis‐β‐cyclodextrin (6‐CySeCD) is a novel glutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) mimic. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐oxidative effects of 6‐CySeCD in cultured immortalised human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT).MethodsHaCaT cells were treated with 30 mJ/cm2 UVB to establish a damage model. The cultured HaCaT cells were randomly assigned to the control, UVB and treatment groups. The treatment group was incubated with 20 μmol/L of GPx mimics before UVB irradiation. Cell viability was detected by (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the level of lipid peroxidation was determined by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA fragmentation was observed using agarose gel electrophoresis and the levels of intracellular ROS and cell cycle progression were measured by flow cytometry.ResultsThe levels of cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS, lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage significantly increased after UVB irradiation in the HaCaT cells. UVB irradiation caused pre‐G1‐phase arrest in HaCaT cells and significantly reduced the number of HaCaT cells in the S phase. The GPx mimics 6‐CySeCD and 2‐phenyl‐l,2‐benzisoselenazol‐3(2H)‐one (ebselen) significantly blocked UVB‐induced apoptosis and changed the cell cycle of the HaCaT cells. The blocked effect of pretreatment 6‐CySeCD in UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells was better than that of pretreatment with ebselen.Conclusion6‐CySeCD can relieve the damage induced by UVB irradiation in HaCaT cells.
Impact of consultant operative supervision and surgical mortality in Australia
Authors: Wong Teresa Hoi Ian , Guy Gordon , Babidge Wendy , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality evaluated the effect of operative supervision on certain post‐operative outcomes in the surgical death subset.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was based upon mortality data collected in 2009 which included 1673 patients who died and had surgery within 30 days of death or during the last admission. Cases were divided into three groups: consultant not supervising (group NS), consultant supervising (group S) and consultant performing the operation (group C). A comparison was done nationally and between participating states in Australia. Certain post‐operative outcomes were compared between the three groups as well as between elective and emergency operations.ResultsThere were significant variations in the levels of operative supervision among states in Australia. Group NS (n = 468) generally had more favourable post‐operative outcomes than group S (n = 147) and group C (n = 1058), with post‐operative complication rates of 24.8%, 37.4% and 40.9% for groups NS, S and C, respectively. The level of operative supervision in emergency operations was half that of elective operations. Nevertheless, the post‐operative complications rate was significantly lower in emergency operations (30.6%) compared with elective operations (64.4%). The same trend was seen with clinical management deficiencies and unplanned return to theatre.ConclusionOperative supervision in emergency setting within Australian hospitals appears to be potentially inadequate. However, the available data suggest that unsupervised surgery did not result in worse post‐operative outcomes. In appropriately selected cases, the data support surgical registrars performing surgery without consultant supervision.
Return Migration: The Experience of Eastern Europe1
Authors: Martin Reiner , Radu Dragos 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOver the last decade, a significant share of the labour force in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has been exposed to work spells abroad followed by return migration. Although there is a growing literature on CEE return migration, most previous studies are country‐specific and no enquiry for the region as a whole has been undertaken so far. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap. We collate data from the European Union (EU) Labour Force Survey (EU‐LFS) for a cross‐country analysis of return migration in CEE countries. The aim of the paper is threefold. We first review the available evidence and literature on the characteristics and labour market behaviour of return migrants in CEE countries. Second, we provide a descriptive analysis of recent returnees using EU‐LFS data. Third, we specifically analyse the income premia for work experience abroad, the occupational choices and the selectivity patterns of recent returnees in CEE countries from a cross‐country perspective. Consistent with previous results, we find that the average income premia for work abroad range between 10 per cent and 45 per cent. Migrants are less likely to actively participate in the labour market upon return. They are, however, more likely to choose self‐employment rather than dependent employment upon return. Recent migrants are also more likely to experience spells of unemployment in the first year after their return. The latter two findings are reversed, however, when adjusting for the unobserved heterogeneity of return migrants and for regional effects.
Accurate assessment of drooling severity with the 5‐minute drooling quotient in children with developmental disabilities
Authors: van HULST KAREN , LINDEBOOM ROBERT , van der BURG JAN , JONGERIUS PETER 
Published: October 2012

Aim  The aims of this study were to examine whether objective measurements of the 10‐minute drooling quotient (DQ10) and the 5‐minute drooling quotient (DQ5) are interchangeable; to assess agreement between the measurements and their accuracy in classifying drooling severity; and to develop a time‐efficient clinical assessment.Method  The study cohort included 162 children (61 females, 101 males; mean age 11y 6mo, SD 4y 5mo, range 3y 9mo–22y 1mo) suffering from moderate to profuse drooling. One hundred and twenty‐four had cerebral palsy and 38 had other developmental disabilities. Seventy‐four of the participants were ambulant and 88 non‐ambulant. The original DQ10 was recalculated into a 5‐minute score (DQ5). Assessments were undertaken while the participants were in a rest situation (DQR) and while they were active (DQA). Agreement in scores was quantified using intraclass correlations and Bland–Altman plots. To classify drooling, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to compare accuracy of the DQ10 and DQ5 at rest and during activity.Results  Agreement between DQ10A, and DQ5A, and between DQ10R and DQ5R was high (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.90). Moderate agreement existed between DQA and DQR. DQA scores were more accurate in classifying children’s drooling behaviour. For DQ5A, a cut‐off point of 18 or more (drooling episodes/observation time) might indicate ‘constant drooling’.Interpretation  The DQ10 and DQ5 can be used interchangeably. DQA is most discriminative for drooling severity. For evaluating treatment efficiency the cut‐off point can be used. For clinical and research purposes, the DQ5 is time efficient and cost saving while validity, and intrarater and interrater reliability are preserved.
Ripple classification helps to localize the seizure‐onset zone in neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Wang Shuang , Wang Irene Z. , Bulacio Juan C. , Mosher John C. , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Alexopoulos Andreas V. , Najm Imad M. , So Norman K. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Fast ripples are reported to be highly localizing to the epileptogenic or seizure‐onset zone (SOZ) but may not be readily found in neocortical epilepsy, whereas ripples are insufficiently localizing. Herein we classified interictal neocortical ripples by associated characteristics to identify a subtype that may help to localize the SOZ in neocortical epilepsy. We hypothesize that ripples associated with an interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) are more pathologic, since the IED is not a normal physiologic event.Methods:  We studied 35 patients with epilepsy with neocortical epilepsy who underwent invasive electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation by stereotactic EEG (SEEG) or subdural grid electrodes. Interictal fast ripples and ripples were visually marked during slow‐wave sleep lasting 10–30 min. Neocortical ripples were classified as type I when superimposed on epileptiform discharges such as paroxysmal fast, spike, or sharp wave, and as type II when independent of epileptiform discharges.Key Findings:  In 21 patients with a defined SOZ, neocortical fast ripples were detected in the SOZ of only four patients. Type I ripples were detected in 14 cases almost exclusively in the SOZ or primary propagation area (PP) and marked the SOZ with higher specificity than interictal spikes. In contrast, type II ripples were not correlated with the SOZ. In 14 patients with two or more presumed SOZs or nonlocalizable onset pattern, type I but not type II ripples also occurred in the SOZs. We found the areas with only type II ripples outside of the SOZ (type II‐O ripples) in SEEG that localized to the primary motor cortex and primary visual cortex.Significance:  Neocortical fast ripples and type I ripples are specific markers of the SOZ, whereas type II ripples are not. Type I ripples are found more readily than fast ripples in human neocortical epilepsy. Type II‐O ripples may represent spontaneous physiologic ripples in the human neocortex.
Using Life Cycle Assessment to Evaluate Green and Grey Combined Sewer Overflow Control Strategies
Authors: De Sousa Maria R. C. , Montalto Franco A. , Spatari Sabrina 
Published: October 2012

SummaryDecentralized approaches to managing urban stormwater are gaining increased attention within the contexts of urban sustainability, climate change adaptation, and as a means of reducing combined sewer overflows (CSOs). This study applied a life cycle assessment (LCA) to comparing the environmental efficiency of three means of equivalently reducing CSOs to the Bronx River (Bronx, NY, USA). Strategy 1 featured decentralized green infrastructure technologies, while “grey” strategies 2 and 3 detained, and detained and treated, respectively, excess flows at the end of pipe. We estimated greenhouse gas emissions (in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents [t CO2‐eq]) over the construction, operation, and maintenance phases, including energy consumed at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), carbon sequestered, and shading provided by vegetation (in the case of the green approach) over a 50‐year analysis period. The study area comprised the entire drainage area contributing to New York State permitted CSO discharge points associated with the Hunts Point WWTP. The analysis was performed using a hybrid of process and economic input‐output (EIO) LCA methods. The decentralized green strategy outperformed the two grey strategies in terms of this set of environmental metrics. The net emissions of the green strategy over 50 years was 19,000 t CO2‐eq, whereas the grey strategies emitted 85,000 t CO2‐eq (detention) and 400,000 t CO2‐eq (detention and treatment). These results were significantly influenced by the emissions associated with the operation and maintenance activities required for strategies 2 and 3, and the carbon sequestered and shading provided by the vegetation in strategy 1, and suggest that watershed managers who seek to reduce CSOs and reduce carbon footprints would opt for the green approach.
Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Luting Cements by Digital Radiography
Authors: Altintas Subutay Han , Yildirim Tahsin , Kayipmaz Saadettin , Usumez Aslihan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of eight contemporary luting cements using direct digital radiography.Materials and MethodsTen specimens, (5 mm diameter, 1 mm high) were prepared for each material tested (RelyX ARC, RelyX U100, RelyX Unicem, Nexus 2, Nexus 3, Metacem, Breeze, Adhesor zinc phosphate). The specimens were stored in a moist chamber at 37°C until completely set, then radiographed using a Kodak digital sensor and an aluminum step wedge with variable thicknesses (1 to 13 mm in 1‐mm increments) used for reference. A Kodak 2100 intraoral X‐ray unit was operated at 60 kV, 7 mA, and 0.20 seconds. According to international standards, the radiopacity of the specimens was compared with that of the aluminum step wedge using the equal‐density area tool of the Kodak Dental Imaging software (ver. 6.7). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test.ResultsAdhesor zinc phosphate cement showed the highest radiopacity of all materials and dentin. Breeze showed the lowest radiopacity (p < 0.05). No significant difference in radiopacity was observed between dentin and RelyX ARC, Nexus 2, or Metacem (p > 0.05). The radiopacities of Nexus 3 and RelyX Unicem were significantly higher than those of other resin cements and dentin (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAll materials showed radiopacity above the minimum recommended by the International Organization for Standardization and the American National Standards/American Dental Association. Breeze had less radiopacity than dentin.
Detorque Evaluation of Dental Abutment Screws after Immersion in a Fluoridated Artificial Saliva Solution
Authors: Duarte Antônio R.C. , Neto João P. Silva , Souza Júlio C.M. , Bonachela Wellington C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurposeImplant‐abutment connections still present failures in the oral cavity due to the loosening of mechanical integrity by detorque and corrosion of the abutment screws. The objective of this study was to evaluate the detorque of dental abutment screws before and after immersion in fluoridated solutions.Materials and MethodsFive commercial implant‐abutment assemblies were assessed in this investigation: (C) Conexão®, (E) Emfils®, (I) INP®, (S) SIN®, and (T) Titanium Fix®. The implants were embedded in an acrylic resin and then placed in a holding device. The abutments were first connected to the implants and torqued to 20 Ncm using a handheld torque meter. The detorque values of the abutments were evaluated after 10 minutes. After applying a second torque of 20 Ncm, implant‐abutment assemblies were withdrawn every 3 hours for 12 hours in a fluoridated solution over a period of 90 days. After that period, detorque of the abutments was examined. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) associated to energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was applied to inspect the surfaces of abutments.ResultsDetorque values of systems C, E, and I immersed in the fluoridated solution were significantly higher than those of the initial detorque. ANOVA demonstrated no significant differences in detorque values between designs S and T. Signs of localized corrosion could not be detected by SEM although chemical analysis by EDS showed the presence of elements involved in corrosive processes.ConclusionAn increase of detorque values recorded on abutments after immersion in fluoridated artificial saliva solutions was noticed in this study. Regarding chemical analysis, such an increase of detorque can result from a corrosion layer formed between metallic surfaces at static contact in the implant‐abutment joint during immersion in the fluoridated solutions.
Chemical Characterization and Flexural Strength of a Denture Base Acrylic Resin with Monomer 2‐Tert‐Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Rodriguez Larissa Santana , Paleari André Gustavo , Giro Gabriela , de Oliveira Junior Norberto Martins , Pero Ana Carolina , Compagnoni Marco Antonio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurposeThe objectives of this study were to investigate the flexural strength (FS) and chemical interaction between 2‐tert‐butylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA) and a denture base acrylic resin.Materials and MethodsSpecimens were divided into five groups according to the concentration of TBAEMA incorporated in acrylic resin Onda‐Cryl (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) and were submitted to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (XPS‐ESCA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. FS of the specimens was tested, and results were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey's test (α < 0.05).ResultsDifferent nitrogen ratios were observed on specimens’ surfaces: 0.36%, 0.54%, 0.35%, and 0.20% for groups 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. FTIR indicated copolymerization of acrylic resin and TBAEMA, and DSC results demonstrated a decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg). Significant differences were found for FS (p < 0.05). The mean values were 91.1 ± 5.5,A 77.0 ± 13.1,B 67.2 ± 12.5,B 64.4 ± 13.0,B and 67.2 ± 5.9B MPa for groups 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%, respectively (same superscript letters indicate no significant difference).ConclusionsThe incorporation of TBAEMA in acrylic resin resulted in copolymerization and the presence of amine groups on specimens’ surfaces, and in decreases of Tg and FS.
The Use of Custom‐Milled Zirconia Teeth to Address Tooth Abrasion in Complete Dentures: A Clinical Report
Authors: Livaditis Joanne M. , Livaditis Gus J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA patient exhibited severe abrasion of resin posterior denture teeth including perforation of the denture base. New dentures were provided to explore the application of zirconia teeth for complete dentures. [Correction added to online publication 07 November 2012: “Zirconium” corrected to “Zirconia”.] Traditional denture procedures were combined with fixed prosthodontic CAD/CAM procedures to fabricate custom‐designed four‐tooth posterior segments in hollow crown form to reduce weight and with a retentive form for interlocking to the denture base. The new dentures were successful in reducing wear of the denture teeth over the short‐term follow‐up period.
New Market Creation for Breakthrough Innovations: Enabling and Constraining Mechanisms
Authors: O'Connor Gina Colarelli , Rice Mark P. 
Published: October 2012

While the technological development associated with breakthrough innovation (BI) is truly challenging, creating markets to stimulate their use may be an even more daunting barrier to successful commercialization. Co‐development partners, distribution channel agents, and ultimate users are all required to adopt new processes and to change behaviors in many cases, and the outcomes are unknown. In this paper, the processes and challenges associated with creating new markets for BIs are explored in a qualitative prospective cross‐case comparison of 12 breakthrough projects under development in 10 large established companies. A number of activities that take place in implicit fashion that create both enabling and constraining mechanisms for BIs are observed. The data suggest, for example, that the earliest application choices that scientists make in the project's development ultimately affect the revenue model, that scientists are unaware of the impact of these decisions, that business model development is a very exploratory process, that criteria used to choose initial market entry points conflict with the expectations of operating units, and that the concept of a killer application can be rather dangerous to the health and well‐being of a BI in its commercial infancy. It is argued that new market creation is the result of managing a specific set of events and activities, which are identified in a grounded theoretic fashion. The companies studied, however, were neither fully aware of nor systematically attentive to these activities. A framework is presented of enabling and constraining mechanisms that teams and organizations impose through the processes and decisions they take in the course of the project's development, and a series of propositions regarding the dynamics of successful new market creation for BIs is offered.The implications of these results are far‐reaching. These results show that market creation for BIs may require as much time and investment as their technical development. We do not find evidence of large established organizations’ awareness of or willingness to make these investments as readily as they invest in technical development. The result is research and development labs at large established firms with stockpiles of potentially game‐changing technologies. To evolve a mature BI commercialization competency, a firm must recognize and address the implications for managerial processes, for personnel recruitment, for setting leaders’ expectations, and for developing appropriate performance metrics for those responsible for market creation that go beyond technical discovery and engineering development. Implications for each are discussed.
New Product Portfolio Management Decisions: Antecedents and Consequences
Authors: McNally Regina C. , Durmuşoğlu Serdar S. , Calantone Roger J. 
Published: October 2012

This research employs organizational information processing theory to propose and examine the antecedents and consequences of new product portfolio management (NPPM) decisions. Understanding NPPM decisions is an important research area because these decisions affect firm profitability but are difficult to make because of limited reliable information. Recent survey results of Product Development and Management Association members and other NPPM professionals suggest nearly half of initial new product ideas are chosen to advance through the new product development (NPD) pipeline via informal processes. Thus, managers wield considerable influence in NPPM. Yet only limited research quantitatively examines how NPPM decisions impact performance and the role of manager dispositions.Using as the research context a marketing simulation exercise conducted with mid‐level managers, this research reveals important insights into the impact of the three NPPM dimensions—value maximization, balance, and strategic fit—on NPD and firm performance. The analysis suggests a critical role for the NPPM dimension of balance as it is the single dimension impacting performance. However, value maximization is relevant as a criterion for competing because, overall, managers see this dimension as important. At the same time, managers are cautioned in their use of strategic fit as it appears this dimension may constrain innovative choices.Furthermore, three manager dispositions proposed from organizational information processing theory—directive leadership style, need for cognition, and risk perceptions—all influence NPPM dimensions. Managers are recommended to consider the personality traits of managers involved in NPPM decisions to ensure thorough consideration of all dimensions.