bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the quality of clinical guidelines for aphasia in stroke management
Authors: Rohde Alexia , Worrall Linda , Le Dorze Guylaine 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRationaleaims and objectivesAphasia affects up to 38% of stroke survivors. Clinical guidelines can improve patient care and outcomes. Given the importance of aphasia management in stroke care, the purpose of this study was to systematically search for, retrieve and assess the quality of currently published clinical guidelines for aphasia in stroke management.MethodSystematic search of bibliographic resources, publications, association websites, databases, Internet and pearling revealed multidisciplinary stroke and speech pathology‐specific clinical guidelines, which were evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines and Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. Guidelines obtaining a rigour of development score above 66.67% in AGREE II evaluations underwent further ADAPTE Collaboration tool analysis.ResultsThere was significant variability in methodological rigour, reporting of guideline development processes and scope of coverage of recommendations pertaining to aphasia management provided within the guidelines. The Australian Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management (2010) and New Zealand Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management (2010) achieved the highest scores (74% and 81%, respectively) in AGREE II analysis and both obtained a ‘yes’ in all seven ADAPTE domains. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network 108 (2008) guideline achieved 73% in AGREE II and six out of seven ‘yes’ in ADAPTE, however, contained no aphasia‐specific recommendations. The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (2005) guideline provided the most comprehensive aphasia coverage, however, demonstrated lower methodological rigour in AGREE II (64%) and ADAPTE evaluations (three ‘yes’ out of seven).ConclusionImprovement is needed in the quality of methodological rigour in development and reporting within clinical guidelines, and in aphasia‐specific recommendations within stroke multidisciplinary clinical guidelines.
Morphological aspects and histological effects of the attachment organ of Parabrachiella sp. (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) on the grey mullet, Mugil liza Valenciennes
Authors: Plaul S E , Montes M M , Barbeito C G , Martorelli S R 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe genus Parabrachiella Wilson, 1915 (Lernaeopodidae) is represented by copepods that are highly adapted to a parasitic way of life. In Argentina, only P. insidiosa var. lageniformis Heller, 1865, P. chevreuxii Van Beneden, 1891 and P. spinicephala Ringuelet, 1945 have been cited, but none of these have been reported on mugilids. Recently, other species of this genus were found attached to the nasal cavities of juvenile grey mullets, Mugil liza Valenciennes, from Samborombón bay, Buenos Aires province. In this study, the prevalence and mean intensity of the Parabrachiella sp. on grey mullet is investigated. In addition, the damage the parasite imposes on its hosts is examined through evaluation of histological sections and immunostaining for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The morphology of the parasite's bulla is described from light and scanning electron micrographs.
Decoupling Analysis of Four Selected Countries
Authors: Wang Heming , Hashimoto Seiji , Yue Qiang , Moriguchi Yuichi , Lu Zhongwu 
Published: March 2013

SummaryWe examine decoupling conditions of domestic extraction of materials, energy use, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from gross domestic product (GDP) for two BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries (i.e., China and Russia) and two Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries (Japan and the United States) during 2000–2007, using a pair of decoupling indicators for resource use (Dr) and waste emissions (De) and the decoupling chart, which can distinguish between absolute decoupling, relative decoupling, and non‐decoupling. We find that (1) during 2000–2007, decoupling between environmental indicators and GDP was higher in the two OECD countries as compared with the two BRIC countries. The key reason is that these countries were in different development stages with different economic growth rates. (2) Changes in environmental policies can significantly influence the degree of decoupling in a country. (3) China, Japan, and the United States were more successful in decoupling SO2 emissions from GDP than in decoupling material and energy use from GDP. The main reason is that, unlike resource use, waste emissions (e.g., SO2 emissions) can be reduced by effective end‐of‐pipe treatment. (4) The decoupling indicator is different from the changing rate of resource use and waste emissions. If two countries have different GDP growth rates, even though they may have similar values using the decoupling indicator, they may show different rates of change for resource use and waste emissions.
The Temporal Evolution of Anthropogenic Phosphorus Consumption in China and Its Environmental Implications
Authors: Ma Dunchao , Hu Shanying , Chen Dingjiang , Li Yourun 
Published: March 2013

SummaryModern human activities greatly disturb substance flows in nature and senselessly discard massive amounts of precious resources to natural waste reservoirs; phosphorus (P) is a good example of this. In this article, substance flow analysis is employed to quantify and explore the temporal evolution of China's P consumption in main metabolic nodes from 1984 to 2008, and then the environmental implications for P flows into both surface waters and natural soil are investigated. Results show that the metabolic nodes of human life and animal husbandry have demanded increasingly more P inputs, while disseminating more and more P wastes, with the waste recycling ratios of these processes dropping, respectively, from 65.9% and 66.1% in 1984 to 50.7% and 40.6% by 2008. These change traits were closely related to national polices including the Household Contract Responsibility System and the Shopping Basket Program, as well as the policy vacuum existing between China's agricultural and environmental administration departments. To achieve high crop yield, increasingly more inorganic P fertilizers have been utilized in China, but their use efficiency has decreased by 46.3%. From 2003 to 2008, the total P load into surface waters was stabilized at about 900.0 kilotons (kt), while the total P load into natural soil increased by more than 3.8 times to 3,131.3 kt P in 2008. City life and the intensive breeding of crops are identified as the main targets for further pollution control and nutrient recycling in China. Some suggestions for achieving environmentally sound practices and resource sustainability in China are proposed at the end of this article.
Fatigue after myocardial infarction – a two‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Alsén Pia , Brink Eva 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo investigate changes in self‐reported fatigue and depression from four months to two years following a myocardial infarction, as well as to explore gender differences, identify the incidence of fatigue without coexisting depression and finally predict health‐related quality of life at a two‐year follow‐up.BackgroundDepression and fatigue are associated with decreased health‐related quality of life after myocardial infarction. Although there is a close relationship between fatigue and depression, it has been shown that symptoms of fatigue can occur without coexisting depression.DesignQuantitative and longitudinal design.MethodsParticipants (n = 155) were asked to complete the following questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐20 (MFI‐20) and the Short Form Survey (SF‐36) following myocardial infarction (after four months and two years). Descriptive statistics, paired t‐tests and multiple regressions were carried out.ResultsIn the entire group, self‐reported fatigue had decreased from four months to two years after myocardial infarction. After two years, 18% of respondents reported depression together with fatigue and 30% reported fatigued without depression. Women scored higher than men on the fatigue dimensions reduced activity, reduced motivation and mental fatigue. Moreover, the physical dimension of health‐related quality of life two years after myocardial infarction was predicted by experienced general fatigue at four months.ConclusionFatigue with or without coexisting possible/probable depression remains as a significant symptom two years after myocardial infarction in nearly half of the entire group.Relevance to clinical practiceFatigue is a problem following myocardial infarction. Therefore, systematic screening and early identification of patients experiencing symptoms of depression and fatigue after myocardial infarction are important for suitable care planning. In contemporary coronary care, strategies aimed at relieving fatigue should be developed.
Dementia behavioural and psychiatric symptoms: effect on caregiver's sleep
Authors: Simpson Cherie , Carter Patricia 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine caregiver sleep quality, especially in relation to the daytime and night‐time behaviours and psychological symptoms exhibited by persons with dementias.BackgroundCaregivers of persons with dementias experience poorer sleep in comparison with noncaregivers, and poor sleep is related to negative health outcomes. The reasons for caregivers' poor sleep are complex, and it is known that the night‐time behaviours of the persons with dementia contribute to caregiver sleep disruption. However, the frequency of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia has hitherto not been sufficiently explored as a contributing factor to poor caregiver sleep.DesignA nonexperimental cross‐sectional design.MethodsEighty caregivers completed questionnaires on the frequency of behavioural and psychological symptoms of the persons with dementia, the Dementia Severity Rating Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.ResultsPoor sleep was reported with awakenings by the persons with dementia occurring for more than half of the caregivers. The frequency of behaviours and symptoms did not make a unique contribution to the variance of caregivers' global sleep. The frequency of behaviours, and specifically of agitation and apathy, contributed to the variance in subjective sleep quality, as defined by the caregivers' appraisal of their sleep.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the relationship between (1) daytime and night‐time behaviours of persons with dementias and (2) their caregivers' sleep quality and emphasise the complexity of the factors that contribute to caregiver sleep quality.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings suggest that nurses should be cognizant of the relationship between daytime behaviours of the persons with dementia and the caregivers' appraisal of their sleep, realising that appraising one's sleep as poor can be a contributing factor to perpetuating sleep problems. Interventions aimed at helping the caregiver manage the persons with dementia's agitation or the caregiver's emotional response to persons with dementia apathy may improve caregivers' perception of their sleep.
Relationship of trauma centre characteristics and patient outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Young‐Ju 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo systematically review the relationship of trauma centre characteristics and trauma patient outcomes.BackgroundNumerous studies have documented the impact of trauma centre level, trauma centre verification, volume per centre and per surgeon or resource availability on outcomes among trauma patients. However, there continues to be debated about whether trauma care is comparable by these trauma centre characteristics.DesignSystematic review.MethodsEligible studies were identified via electronic database searches, footnote chasing and contact with clinical experts. Quality of selected studies was assessed in terms of internal and external validity using 14 questions. Two reviewers independently examined titles, abstracts and whether each met the predefined criteria.ResultsA total of 50 studies which met criteria were selected. Ten of 17 articles showed that level I trauma centres had better patient outcomes than level II centres. The achievement of trauma centre verification by American College of Surgeons or State was beneficial to decreasing mortality and length of stay in 9 of 11 studies. High trauma admission volume was beneficial in 8 of 16 studies. The volume per trauma surgeon did not contribute to better patient outcomes in 4 of 5 studies. The availability of in‐house trauma surgeon was beneficial to lower mortality and shorter length of stay in only 2 of 9 studies.ConclusionThis review supports that achieving the trauma centre verification by American College of Surgeons or State is definitely beneficial to patient outcomes. However, the benefit of level I centres compared with level II centres, and volume of annual trauma patients to outcomes is still debating. Further prospective study examining this relationship is required.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding which characteristics of trauma centre provides the best prospect for improved outcomes depending on patient need and resource availability would allow further appreciation of the processes that foster such enhancement.
AaORA, a trichome‐specific AP2/ERF transcription factor of Artemisia annua, is a positive regulator in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway and in disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Lu Xu , Zhang Ling , Zhang Fangyuan , Jiang Weimin , Shen Qian , Zhang Lida , Lv Zongyou , Wang Guofeng , Tang Kexuan 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Six transcription factors of APETALA2/ethylene‐response factor (AP2/ERF) family were cloned and analyzed in Artemisia annua. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐Q‐PCR) showed that AaORA exhibited similar expression patterns to those of amorpha‐4,11‐diene synthase gene (ADS), cytochrome P450‐dependent hydroxylase gene (CYP71AV1) and double bond reductase 2 gene (DBR2) in different tissues of A. annua.

AaORA is a trichome‐specific transcription factor, which is expressed in both glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) and nonglandular T‐shaped trichomes (TSTs) of A. annua. The result of subcellular localization shows that AaORA is targeted to the nuclei and the cytoplasm.

Overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) of AaORA in A. annua regulated, positively and significantly, the expression levels of ADS, CYP71AV1, DBR2 and AaERF1. The up‐regulated or down‐regulated expression levels of these genes resulted in a significant increase or decrease in artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic acid. The results demonstrate that AaORA is a positive regulator in the biosynthesis of artemisinin.

Overexpression of AaORA in Arabidopsis thaliana increased greatly the transcript levels of the defense marker genes PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2), HEVEIN‐LIKE PROTEIN (HEL) and BASIC CHITINASE (B‐CHI). After inoculation with Botrytis cinerea, the phenotypes of AaORA overexpression in A. thaliana and AaORA RNAi in A. annua demonstrate that AaORA is a positive regulator of disease resistance to B. cinerea.
Left femoral vein is a better choice for cannulation in children: a computed tomography study
Authors: Ozbek Seda , Aydin Bahattin K. , Apiliogullari Seza , Kara Inci , Erol Cengiz , Ciftci Ilhan , Duman Ates , Celik Jale B. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundCentral venous catheters are often required in emergency rooms and intensive care and/or those undergoing major surgical procedures. In this study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of the anatomy of the femoral vessel in relation to central venous cannulation.MethodsThe right and left (total of 180) femoral veins (FVs) of 90 consecutive pediatric patients were retrospectively evaluated using computed tomography images. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age: group 1, patients up to 9 years of age; and group 2, patients between 9 and 16 years of age.ResultsThe position and overlap of femoral artery (FA) to FV are significantly different between the left and right sides in both groups (P = 0.001). The left FV was most commonly located medial to the FA. However, the right FV was most commonly located posterior‐medial to the FA. The incidence of overlap of the FA over the FV was significantly lower at the left side in both groups.ConclusionThe incidence of overlap of the FA over the FV was significantly lower at the left side in pediatric patients. This finding was similar between the patients aged 2–8 years and those aged 9–16 years and may have significant clinical implications. Guiding clinicians to select the left FV of children for cannulation may result in lower arterial puncture rates while accessing the central vein.
Regression Model for Estimating Inactivation of Microbial Aerosols by Solar Radiation
Authors: Ben‐David Avishai , Sagripanti Jose‐Luis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe inactivation of pathogenic aerosols by solar radiation is relevant to public health and biodefense. We investigated whether a relatively simple method to calculate solar diffuse and total irradiances could be developed and used in environmental photobiology estimations instead of complex atmospheric radiative transfer computer programs. The second‐order regression model that we developed reproduced 13 radiation quantities calculated for equinoxes and solstices at 35° latitude with a computer‐intensive and rather complex atmospheric radiative transfer program (MODTRAN) with a mean error <6% (2% for most radiation quantities). Extending the application of the regression model from a reference latitude and date (chosen as 35° latitude for 21 March) to different latitudes and days of the year was accomplished with variable success: usually with a mean error <15% (but as high as 150% for some combination of latitudes and days of year). This accuracy of the methodology proposed here compares favorably to photobiological experiments where the microbial survival is usually measured with an accuracy no better than ±0.5 log10 units. The approach and equations presented in this study should assist in estimating the maximum time during which microbial pathogens remain infectious after accidental or intentional aerosolization in open environments.
Ischemia from Extrinsic Compression of the Brachial Artery by a Stent in the Venous Outflow of a Brachio‐Basilic Arterio‐Venous Graft
Authors: Sequeira Adrian , Akkus Nuri I , Beedupalli Jagan , Shokouh‐Amiri Hosein , Smith Thomas , Masri Kamal , Newell Douglas , Speir Dale , Abreo Kenneth 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDistal artery embolization is a well‐known complication after mechanical thrombectomy, manifesting as limb ischemia. We describe a case of ischemia that developed after mechanical thrombectomy and stent placement in the venous anastomosis of a brachio‐ basilic arterio‐venous graft. Subsequent investigations revealed that the stent had extrinsically compressed the adjacent brachial artery. Although balloon angioplasty of the artery initially restored flow, the patient needed surgical removal of the graft and stent to prevent persistent ischemia.
Screening of patients with diabetes mellitus for tuberculosis in India
Authors:   India Diabetes Mellitus – Tuberculosis Study Group
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility, results and challenges of screening patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) for tuberculosis (TB) within the healthcare setting of six DM clinics in tertiary hospitals across India.MethodAgreement on how to screen, monitor and record the screening was reached in October 2011 at a national stakeholders' meeting, and training was carried out for staff in the six tertiary care facilities in December 2011. Implementation started in the first quarter of 2012, and we report on activities up to 30th September 2012. Patients with DM were screened for TB on each clinic attendance using a symptom‐based enquiry, and those with positive symptoms were referred for TB investigations.ResultsIn the three quarters, 26% of 7218, 52% of 12237 and 48% of 11691 patients with DM were screened for TB. A total of 254 patients were identified with TB, of whom 46% had smear‐positive pulmonary disease. There were 18 patients newly diagnosed with TB as a result of screening and referral, with the remainder being patients already diagnosed from elsewhere. TB case rates per 100 000 patients attending the DM clinic each quarter were 859, 956 and 642. Almost 90% of patients with TB were recorded as starting or being on anti‐TB treatment. Major implementation challenges related to human resources and recording systems.ConclusionIn India, it is feasible to screen patients with DM for TB resulting in high rates of TB detection. More attention to detail, human resource requirements and electronic medical records are needed to improve performance.
Interstitial fluid shifts to plasma compartment during blood donation
Authors: Saito Fumiko , Shimazu Tomoko , Miyamoto Junko , Maemura Taisei , Satake Masahiro 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundA vasovagal reaction (VVR) occurs in 0.8% to 0.9% of voluntary blood donors inJapan. However, they generally tolerate the acute loss of 400 mLof whole blood rather well, perhaps because several circulatory defense mechanisms compensate for the loss. This study aimed to determine the extent to which an interstitial fluid shift contributes to the development of aVVR.Study Design and MethodsBlood hemoglobin (Hb) was measured upon admission, at venipuncture, and immediately after collecting 400 mLof whole blood from 736 donors. Shifted fluid volume was calculated using a formula that included Hb levels and estimated total blood volume.ResultsBy the end of blood collection, 188 ± 80 and 211 ± 82 mLof fluid, which is equivalent to almost half of the total amount of withdrawn blood, had entered the intravascular space in male and female donors, respectively. The difference between the sexes was significant despite the lower body weight and circulating blood volume of the female donors. Body weight increased, whereas age decreased the volume of shifted fluid in female donors.ConclusionBlood loss after donation is quickly compensated by an interstitial fluid shift into the intravascular space and may not be the only direct cause ofVVRin the setting of a whole blood donation of 400 mL.