bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter
Authors: Byrne Katelyn T. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Armstrong Todd D. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The overall objective of the fifth American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference, “Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter,” organized by the Cancer Immunology Working Group, was to highlight multidisciplinary approaches of immunotherapy and mechanisms related to the ability of immunotherapy to fight established tumors. With the FDA approval of sipuleucel-T, ipilimumab (anti–CTLA-4; Bristol-Myers Squibb), and the two anti–PD-1 antibodies, pembrolizumab (formerly MK-3475 or lambrolizumab; Merck) and nivolumab (Bristol-Myers Squibb), immunotherapy has become a mainstream treatment option for some cancers. Many of the data presented at the conference and reviewed in this article showcase the progress made in determining the mechanistic reasons for the success of some treatments and the mechanisms associated with tolerance within the tumor microenvironment, both of which are potential targets for immunotherapy. In addition to combination and multimodal therapies, improvements in existing therapies will be needed to overcome the numerous ways that tumor-specific tolerance thwarts the immune system. This conference built upon the success of the 2012 conference and focused on seven progressing and/or emerging areas—new combination therapies, combination therapies and vaccine improvement, mechanisms of antibody therapy, factors in the tumor microenvironment affecting the immune response, the microbiomes effect on cancer and immunotherapy, metabolism in immunotherapy, and adoptive T-cell therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(6); 590–7. ©2015 AACR.
Association of Smoking Status With Health-Related Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Jang Jae-Sik , Buchanan Donna M. , Gosch Kensey L. , Jones Philip G. , Sharma Praneet K. , Shafiq Ali , Grodzinsky Anna , Fendler Timothy J. , Graham Garth , Spertus John A. 
Published: May 2015

Background—
Patients who smoke at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) would ideally have a strong incentive to quit, but most do not. We sought to compare the health status outcomes of those who did and did not quit smoking after PCI with those who were not smoking before PCI.

Methods and Results—
A cohort of 2765 PCI patients from 10 US centers were categorized into never, past (smoked in the past but had quit before PCI), quitters (smoked at time of PCI but then quit), and persistent smokers. Health status was measured with the disease-specific Seattle Angina Questionnaire and the EuroQol 5 dimensions, adjusted for baseline characteristics. In unadjusted analyses, persistent smokers had worse disease-specific and overall health status when compared with other groups. In fully adjusted analyses, persistent smokers showed significantly worse health-related quality of life when compared with never smokers. Importantly, of those who smoked at the time of PCI, quitters had significantly better adjusted Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency scores (mean difference, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–5.33) and trends toward higher disease specific (Seattle Angina Questionnaire quality of life mean difference, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, −1.24 to 5.18), and overall (EuroQol 5 dimension visual analog scale scores mean difference, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, −0.58 to 5.49) quality of life when compared with persistent smokers at 12 months.

Conclusions—
Smokers at the time of PCI have worse health status at 1 year than those who never smoked, whereas smokers who quit after PCI have less angina at 1 year than those who continue smoking.
Angiographic and Optical Coherence Tomography Insights Into Bioresorbable Scaffold Thrombosis
Authors: Karanasos Antonios , Van Mieghem Nicolas , van Ditzhuijzen Nienke , Felix Cordula , Daemen Joost , Autar Anouchska , Onuma Yoshinobu , Kurata Mie , Diletti Roberto , Valgimigli Marco , Kauer Floris , van Beusekom Heleen , de Jaegere Peter , Zijlstra Felix , van Geuns Robert-Jan , Regar Evelyn 
Published: May 2015

Background—
As bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) are being increasingly used in complex real-world lesions and populations, BVS thrombosis cases have been reported. We present angiographic and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a series of patients treated in our center for definite bioresorbable scaffold thrombosis.

Methods and Results—
Up to June 2014, 14 patients presented with definite BVS thrombosis in our center. OCT was performed in 9 patients at the operator’s discretion. Angiographic and OCT findings were compared with a control group comprising 15 patients with definite metallic stent thrombosis. In the BVS group, time interval from index procedure to scaffold thrombosis ranged from 0 to 675 days. Incomplete lesion coverage by angiography was identified in 4 of 14 cases, malapposition by OCT in 5 of 9 cases, strut discontinuity in 2 of 9 cases, and underexpansion in 2 of 9 cases. Five patients had discontinued dual antiplatelet therapy, and in 3 of them discontinued dual antiplatelet therapy discontinuation had occurred the week preceding the event. There were no significant differences in angiographic or OCT findings between BVS and metallic stent thrombosis.

Conclusions—
Suboptimal implantation with incomplete lesion coverage, underexpansion, and malapposition comprises the main pathomechanism for both early and late BVS thrombosis, similar to metallic stent thrombosis. Dual antiplatelet therapy discontinuation seems to also be a secondary contributor in several late events. Our observations suggest that several potential triggers for BVS thrombosis could be avoided.
Time-Dependent Thrombus Resolution After Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Patients With Stroke and Mice
Authors: Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Kim Seo Hyun , Kim Eung Yeop , Song Dongbeom , Kwon Il , Yang Seung-Hee , Lee Kijeong , Yoo Joonsang , Lee Hye Sun , Heo Ji Hoe 
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—
We investigated the relationship between the degree of thrombus resolution and the time from stroke onset or thrombus formation to intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment.

Methods—

In patients with stroke, we measured thrombus volume on thin-section noncontrast brain computed tomographic scans taken at baseline and 1 hour after tPA administration. We determined the association between the time from symptom onset to tPA treatment and the degree of thrombus resolution. In a C57/BL6 mouse model of FeCl
3
-induced carotid artery thrombosis, we investigated the effect of tPA administered at different time intervals after thrombus formation, using Doppler-based blood flow measurement.

Results—

Of 249 patients enrolled, 171 showed thrombus on baseline computed tomography. Thrombus was resolved by ≥50% in 43 patients (25.1%, good volume reduction) and by <50% in 94 patients (55.0%, moderate volume reduction) 1 hour after tPA treatment. In 34 patients (19.9%, nonvolume reduction; either no change or thrombus volume increased), overall thrombus volume increased. The probability of thrombus resolution decreased as the time interval from symptom onset to treatment increased. On multivariate analysis, good volume reduction was independently related with shorter time intervals from symptom onset to tPA treatment (odds ratio, 0.986 per minute saved; 95% confidence interval, 0.974–0.999). In the mouse model, as the interval between thrombus formation and tPA treatment increased, the initiation of recanalization was delayed (
P
=0.006) and the frequency of final recanalization decreased (
P
for trends=0.006).

Conclusions—
Early administration of tPA after stroke onset is associated with better thrombus resolution.
Multiple-Apogee Highly Elliptical Orbits for Continuous Meteorological Imaging of Polar Regions: Challenging the Classical 12-h Molniya Orbit Concept
Authors: Trishchenko Alexander P. , Garand Louis , Trichtchenko Larisa D. , Nikitina Lidia V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel type of multiple-apogee highly elliptical orbits termed as MAP HEO with a period of rotation between 14 h and 15 h is introduced. These orbits are designed to achieve continuous geostationary (GEO)-like imaging of the polar regions in an optimum way. The combination of GEO and HEO satellites would then offer continuous monitoring of weather from space at any point of the globe. This capacity would represent a breakthrough for short- and long-term weather forecasting and narrowing uncertainties in the knowledge of the Earth’s climate through better sampling and more accurate characterization of the diurnal cycle. MAP HEO systems can be launched at critical inclination and are characterized by a local minimum of ionizing radiation. These features simplify the process of orbit maintenance, reduce radiation shielding requirements, and favor a longer lifetime of the mission. Unlike previously considered HEO systems implemented for communications, such as 12-h Molniya and 24-h Sirius radio systems, a MAP HEO constellation achieves a uniform geometrical sampling, which reduces view angle dependent biases. These observational conditions with complete coverage of the diurnal cycle, diverse range of solar illumination, and viewing observational conditions are beneficial for high-latitude meteorological and climate applications, such as the retrieval of Essential Climate Variables (ECV).
Bacterial Communities in Marine Aerosols Revealed by 454 Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene*
Authors: Xia Xiaomin , Wang Jianjun , Ji Jiabin , Zhang Jiexia , Chen Liqi , Zhang Rui 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Although bacteria are an important biological component of aerosol particles, studies of bacterial communities in remote marine aerosol are largely lacking. In this study, aerosol samples were collected over the western Pacific Ocean, the northern Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Norwegian Sea during the Fifth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 5). The diversity and structure of aerosol bacterial communities, based on 454 pyrosequencing, were explored in these samples. The bacterial community in the aerosols collected over the Pacific Ocean was more diverse than over the Norwegian Sea. Both temporal and spatial variations in aerosol bacterial communities were observed based on phylogenetic analysis. These results suggest that the source of air masses shape bacterial communities in aerosol particles over remote marine regions. Aerosols are clearly important for long-range transport of bacteria. Since potential human pathogens (e.g., Streptococcus sp.) were retrieved in this study, further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential for their long-distance migration via aerosol.
Arctic Energy Budget in Relation to Sea Ice Variability on Monthly-to-Annual Time Scales
Authors: Krikken F. , Hazeleger W. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The large decrease in Arctic sea ice in recent years has triggered a strong interest in Arctic sea ice predictions on seasonal-to-decadal time scales. Hence, it is important to understand physical processes that provide enhanced predictability beyond persistence of sea ice anomalies. This study analyzes the natural variability of Arctic sea ice from an energy budget perspective, using 15 climate models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5), and compares these results to reanalysis data. The authors quantify the persistence of sea ice anomalies and the cross correlation with the surface and top-of-atmosphere energy budget components. The Arctic energy balance components primarily indicate the important role of the seasonal ice–albedo feedback, through which sea ice anomalies in the melt season reemerge in the growth season. This is a robust anomaly reemergence mechanism among all 15 climate models. The role of the ocean lies mainly in storing heat content anomalies in spring and releasing them in autumn. Ocean heat flux variations play only a minor role. Confirming a previous (observational) study, the authors demonstrate that there is no direct atmospheric response of clouds to spring sea ice anomalies, but a delayed response is evident in autumn. Hence, there is no cloud–ice feedback in late spring and summer, but there is a cloud–ice feedback in autumn, which strengthens the ice–albedo feedback. Anomalies in insolation are positively correlated with sea ice variability. This is primarily a result of reduced multiple reflection of insolation due to an albedo decrease. This effect counteracts the ice-albedo effect up to 50%. ERA-Interim and Ocean Reanalysis System 4 (ORAS4) confirm the main findings from the climate models.
Upper Airway Anomalies in Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia Patients
Authors: Hseu Anne , Recko Thomas , Jennings Russell , Nuss Roger 
Published: May 2015

Objective: To examine the prevalence of upper airway anomalies in patients diagnosed with congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia (TEF/EA). Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all TEF/EA patients seen at a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 2008 and December 2013. Inclusion criteria included evaluation by the otolaryngology service. Exclusion criteria included age >18 years, acquired TEF/EA, subsequent rule out of TEF/EA, and otolaryngology evaluation for reasons not pertaining to the airway. Data collected and analyzed included demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, surgical interventions, laryngoscopic and bronchoscopic examinations, and subsequent medical and surgical management. Results: Four hundred and thirty patients were diagnosed with TEF/EA at our institution. In all, 32.3%, or 139 children, were included in the analysis; 56.1% (n = 78) male, 43.9% (n = 61) female. Of the analyzed patients, 4.3% (n = 6) were diagnosed with laryngomalacia. Eighteen patients (12.9%) were diagnosed with subglottic stenosis. Thirty (21.6%) had vocal fold paresis or immobility. Laryngeal cleft was diagnosed in 25.9% (n = 36). Tracheomalacia was the most common airway finding, diagnosed in 37.4% (n = 52) patients. Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with congenital TEF/EA have a high rate of secondary upper airway anomalies. Consideration should be given to perform a complete airway evaluation in all of these patients.
Dyspnea, Dysphonia, and Cough
Authors: Nielsen Skyler W. , Stevens Jayne R. , Dion Gregory R. , Howard N. Scott 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TPO) is an uncommon, benign disease consisting of submucosal, osteocartilaginous nodules that project into the tracheal lumen. Far less commonly, these nodules can occur outside the tracheal cartilage. This case series discusses the wide range of symptoms and treatments of the disease. Methods: Three patients presented to the laryngology clinic with 3 varied presentations of TPO, including dyspnea, dysphonia, and cough. These patients were evaluated, subsequently diagnosed with TPO, and treated accordingly. Results: Two of the 3 patients presented with extratracheal lesions presenting in the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. The patient presenting with symptoms of dysphonia was found to have bilateral TPO exclusively within the thyroid cartilage, which has never been reported previously. After undergoing a partial thyroid cartilage resection removing the bulk of the lesion, the patient’s symptoms drastically improved. Conclusion: While TPO may be a rare diagnosis in the general otolaryngologist practice, symptoms frequently bring patients into the otolaryngologist’s clinic, and an awareness of the disease can help minimize unnecessary interventions and allow the surgeon to appropriately counsel patients.
Nerve Growth Factor Signals as Possible Pathogenic Biomarkers for Perineural Invasion in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Kenya , Ando Mizuo , Saito Yuki , Kondo Kenji , Omura Go , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Fukayama Masashi , Asakage Takahiro , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe molecular mechanisms underlying perineural invasion (PNI)—a characteristic pathological feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)—remain largely unclear. Recently, nerve growth factor (NGF) has been implicated in perineural invasion in certain malignancies. Overexpression of Myb related to the MYB‐NFIB fusion gene in ACC has also been correlated with perineural invasion and survival. However, this concept is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of NGF together with its receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and p75NRT, and Myb in ACC and assess their relationship with perineural invasion and survival.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingThe University of Tokyo Hospital.Subjects and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 37 patients with ACC surgically treated from 1991 to 2011. We examined expression levels of NGF, TrkA, p75NRT, and Myb in the ACC specimens and their correlations with PNI and prognosis.ResultsNGF, TrkA, p75NRT, and Myb overexpression rates were 65%, 65%, 30%, and 62%, respectively. Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient revealed a strong correlation between NGF/TrkA immunostaining and PNI (NGF: r = 0.68, P <. 0001; TrkA: r = 0.53, P =. 0007). Moreover, NGF overexpression was significantly associated with worse 8‐year local control rate (27% vs 80%, P =. 005). However, p75NRT and Myb expression was related to neither perineural invasion nor survival.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that NGF and TrkA overexpression, but not Myb and p75NRT overexpression, may contribute to PNI and thus cause local recurrence in patients with ACC.
Revision Transcervical Medialization Laryngoplasty for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Parker Noah P. , Barbu Anca M. , Hillman Robert E. , Zeitels Steven M. , Burns James A. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo identify patterns of failure following transcervical medialization laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis and describe indications and revision techniques for optimal vocal outcomes.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐nine consecutive patients between January 2005 and April 2014 undergoing transcervical revision of failed primary medialization laryngoplasty were identified. Demographics, etiology, stroboscopic assessment, and surgical techniques were recorded. Patient self‐assessment using the Voice‐Related Quality‐of‐Life (VRQOL) questionnaire and objective acoustic and aerodynamic assessments performed pre‐ and postoperatively were analyzed using t tests for paired comparisons.ResultsThirty‐nine patients underwent 48 transcervical revision surgeries. Median follow‐up was 14.6 months from time of final revision surgery. Indications included anterior glottic incompetence (38/48, 79%), posterior glottic incompetence (20/48, 42%), glottic overclosure (8/48, 17%), and/or decreased phonatory pliability (12/48, 25%). A combination of findings was present in 21 (44%) surgeries. Revision techniques included either anterior augmentation, arytenopexy, and cricothyroid subluxation (alone or in combination) in 46 of 48 (96%) patients or partial implant removal alone in 2 patients. Seven patients (18%) required multiple revisions. A complete set of voice parameters was available for 22 patients, and statistically significant improvements included VRQOL scores, fundamental frequency in females, jitter, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, and mean airflow rate.ConclusionPatterns of failure in patients with suboptimal phonatory function after transcervical medialization laryngoplasty included persistent glottic incompetence, glottic overclosure, and decreased vocal fold pliability. Revision transcervical medialization surgery, guided by individualized consideration of vocal fold position and surface pliability, can improve phonatory outcomes.
Vestibular Dysfunction in Patients with Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Authors: Zalewski Chris K. , Chien Wade W. , King Kelly A. , Muskett Julie A. , Baron Rachel E. , Butman John A. , Griffith Andrew J. , Brewer Carmen C. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveEnlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the most common inner ear malformation. While a strong correlative relationship between EVA and hearing loss is well established, its association with vestibular dysfunction is less well understood. In this study, we examine the effects of EVA on the vestibular system in patients with EVA.Study DesignProspective, cross‐sectional study of a cohort ascertained between 1999 and 2013.SettingNational Institutes of Health Clinical Center, a federal biomedical research facility.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 106 patients with unilateral or bilateral EVA, defined as a midpoint diameter greater than 1.5 mm, were referred or self‐referred to participate in a study of the clinical and molecular aspects of EVA. Clinical history was ascertained with respect to the presence or absence of various vestibular signs and symptoms and history of head trauma. Videonystagmography (VNG), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), and rotational vestibular testing (RVT) were performed to assess the vestibular function.ResultsOf the patients with EVA, 45% had vestibular signs and symptoms, and 44% of tested patients had abnormal VNG test results. An increased number of vestibular signs and symptoms was correlated with the presence of bilateral EVA (P =. 008) and a history of head injury (P <. 001). Abnormal VNG results also correlated with a history of head injury (P =. 018).ConclusionVestibular dysfunction is common in patients with EVA. However, not all patients with vestibular signs and symptoms have abnormal vestibular test results. Clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in patients with EVA.
Topically Applied Vancomycin Powder Reduces the Rate of Surgical Site Infection in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Wukich Dane K. , Dikis Jeffrey W. , Monaco Spencer J. , Strannigan Kristin , Suder Natalie C. , Rosario Bedda L. 
Published: May 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topically applied vancomycin powder in reducing the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Eighty-one patients with DM who underwent reconstructive surgery of a foot and/or ankle deformity and/or trauma and who received topically applied vancomycin were matched to 81 patients with DM who did not receive topically applied vancomycin. The mean age was 60.6 years in the vancomycin group and 59.4 years in the control group ( P < .05). The 2 groups were similar with regard to gender, body mass index, duration of DM, short-term and longer term glycemic control, and length of surgery. Results: The overall likelihood of SSI was decreased by 73% in patients who received topically applied vancomycin (odds ratio [OR], 0.267; 95% CI, 0.089-0.803; P = .0188). The rate of superficial infection was not significantly different between the 2 groups (OR, 0.400; 95% CI, 0.078-2.062; P = .2734); however, deep infections were 80% less likely in patients who received vancomycin powder (OR, 0.200; 95% CI, 0.044-0.913; P = .0377). Conclusion: High-risk diabetic patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery were notably less likely to develop an SSI with the use of topically applied vancomycin powder in the surgical wound, particularly with regard to deep infections. Topically applied vancomycin was associated with a very low rate of complications and was inexpensive ($5 per 1000 mg). Based on this study, foot and ankle surgeons may consider applying 500 to 1000 mg of vancomycin powder prior to skin closure in diabetic patients who are not allergic to vancomycin. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case control series.