bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About a submucosal tracheal tumor
Authors: Serraj Mounia , Lakranbi Marouane , Ghalimi Jamal , Ouadnouni Yassine , Tizniti Siham , Smahi Mohamed 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The authors report the case of 46-year-old man with recurrent hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor protruding into the tracheal lumen. Transbronchial biopsy failed to obtain a conclusive diagnosis; only surgery allowed complete resection of the tumor and confirmed the diagnosis of tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma. We discuss the unusual submucosal presentation of this tumor, and the contribution of surgery for diagnosis and therapy.
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip: a case of an unusual malignant component of squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mitate Eiji , Kawano Shintaro , Kiyoshima Tamotsu , Kawazu Toshiyuki , Chikui Toru , Goto Yuichi , Matsubara Ryota , Nakamura Seiji 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as the malignant component of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) occurring in upper lip is rare.

Case report
A 55-year-old male patient presented with an asymptomatic mass of the upper lip that had noticed 8 years previously. The mass was clinically suspected to be a benign salivary gland tumor based on palpation and magnetic resonance imaging findings. A needle biopsy was then carried out, and the pathological diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma. The tumor was removed under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed well-demarcated tumor tissues showing typical histologic features of pleomorphic adenoma. However, SCC tissue with several mitotic figures was found in the central area of the tumor tissue. The tumor was finally diagnosed as CXPA. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 6 years postoperatively.

Conclusion
This is the first report of CXPA of the upper lip with an unusual malignant component of SCC.
Fabrication and photoresponse of ZnO nanowires/CuO coaxial heterojunction
Authors: Wu Jen-Kai , Chen Wei-Jen , Chang Yuan Huei , Chen Yang Fang , Hang Da-Ren , Liang Chi-Te , Lu Jing-Yu 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The fabrication and properties of n-ZnO nanowires/p-CuO coaxial heterojunction (CH) with a photoresist (PR) blocking layer are reported. In our study, c-plane wurtzite ZnO nanowires were grown by aqueous chemical method, and monoclinic CuO (111) was then coated on the ZnO nanowires by electrochemical deposition to form CH. To improve the device performance, a PR layer was inserted between the ZnO buffer layer and the CuO film to serve as a blocking layer to block the leakage current. Structural investigations of the CH indicate that the sample has good crystalline quality. It was found that our refined structure possesses a better rectifying ratio and smaller reverse leakage current. As there is a large on/off ratio between light on and off and the major light response is centered at around 424 nm, the experimental results suggest that the PR-inserted ZnO/CuO CH can be used as a good narrow-band blue light detector.
mGluR2/3 blockade produces rapid and long-lasting reversal of anhedonia caused by chronic stress exposure
Authors: Dwyer Jason M , Lepack Ashley E , Duman Ronald S 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Depression is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder that affects an estimated 350 million people worldwide. Currently available treatments for depression are lacking in both speed of onset and efficacy. Recent pharmacological efforts have targeted the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system using the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine to produce rapid and robust antidepressant effects, however the widespread clinical use of ketamine is limited due to side effects and abuse liability. More recently, work evaluating metabotropic mGluR2/3 receptor antagonists has demonstrated many similarities with ketamine.

Methods
Male, Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to a chronic unpredictable stress paradigm, which produces decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. Rats were then treated with vehicle or a single injection of the mGluR2/3 antagonist LY341495 (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and tested at 24 hrs, 48 hrs or 10 days after a single treatment.

Results
We demonstrate that a single treatment with LY341495 produces a rapid (within 1–2 days) and long-lasting (10 days) reversal of anhedonia caused by chronic unpredictable stress in rats. This model provides a rigorous test of rapid-acting agents as typical antidepressants require several weeks of treatment to produce a response.

Conclusions
These data suggest that LY341495 has the ability to produce rapid and robust antidepressant effects similar to ketamine. Together, the results highlight the potential for similar compounds to produce rapid and lasting efficacy for the treatment of depression.
Effect of Donor KIR2DL1 Allelic Polymorphism on the Outcome of Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Bari Rafijul , Rujkijyanont Piya , Sullivan Erin , Kang Guolian , Turner Victoria , Gan Kwan , Leung Wing 
Published: September 2013

Purpose Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) that regulate natural-killer cells are highly polymorphic. Some KIR2DL1 alleles encode receptors that have stronger signaling function than others. We tested the hypothesis that the clinical outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) could be affected by donor KIR2DL1 polymorphism. Patients and Methods All 313 pediatric patients received allogeneic HSCT at a single institution. Donor KIR2DL1 functional allele typing was retrospectively performed using single nucleotide polymorphism assay. Results Patients who received a donor graft containing the functionally stronger KIR2DL1 allele with arginine at amino acid position 245 (KIR2DL1-R245) had better survival (P = .0004) and lower cumulative incidence of disease progression (P = .001) than those patients who received a donor graft that contained only the functionally weaker KIR2DL1 allele with cysteine at the same position (KIR2DL1-C245). The effect of KIR2DL1 allelic polymorphism was similar in patients with acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia among all allele groups (P ≥ .71). Patients who received a KIR2DL1-R245–positive graft with HLA-C receptor-ligand mismatch had the best survival (P = .00003) and lowest risk of leukemia progression (P = .0005) compared with those who received a KIR2DL1-C245 homozygous graft. Conclusion Donor KIR2DL1 allelic polymorphism affects recipient outcomes after allogeneic HSCT. These findings have substantial implications for prognostication and donor selection.
Polyunsaturated fatty acyl-coenzyme As are inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis in zebrafish and mice
Authors: Karanth Santhosh , Tran Vy My , Kuberan Balagurunathan , Schlegel Amnon 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Lipid disorders pose therapeutic challenges. Previously we discovered that mutation of the hepatocyte β-hydroxybutyrate transporter Slc16a6a in zebrafish causes hepatic steatosis during fasting, marked by increased hepatic triacylglycerol, but not cholesterol. This selective diversion of trapped ketogenic carbon atoms is surprising because acetate and acetoacetate can exit mitochondria and can be incorporated into both fatty acids and cholesterol in normal hepatocytes. To elucidate the mechanism of this selective diversion of carbon atoms to fatty acids, we fed wild-type and slc16a6a mutant animals high-protein ketogenic diets. We find that slc16a6a mutants have decreased activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr), despite increased Hmgcr protein abundance and relative incorporation of mevalonate into cholesterol. These observations suggest the presence of an endogenous Hmgcr inhibitor. We took a candidate approach to identify such inhibitors. First, we found that mutant livers accumulate multiple polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and PUFA-CoAs, and we showed that human HMGCR is inhibited by PUFA-CoAs in vitro. Second, we injected mice with an ethyl ester of the PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid and observed an acute decrease in hepatic Hmgcr activity, without alteration in Hmgcr protein abundance. These results elucidate a mechanism for PUFA-mediated cholesterol lowering through direct inhibition of Hmgcr.
The Effect of Giving It All Up on Valuation: A New Look at the Endowment Effect
Authors: Schurr Amos , Ritov Ilana 
Published: September 2013

In three experiments we show that the endowment effect—the tendency to demand more money for relinquishing owned goods than one is willing to pay for the same goods—fails to emerge when sellers are not fully depleted of their endowment. This finding is incompatible with prospect theory's account of the effect as stemming primarily from aversion to loss relative to the individual's current state. We suggest a new account of the endowment effect as reflecting the human aversion to “giving it all up” rather than simply an aversion to incurring any loss relative to the status quo. Experiments 1 and 2 show the effect employing a pricing paradigm. Experiment 3 examines what constitutes “all” in the giving-it-all-up effect.This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Growth Pattern, an Important Pathologic Prognostic Parameter for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fukatsu Akitoshi , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Sassa Naoto , Nishikimi Toshinori , Kimura Tohoru , Majima Tsuyoshi , Yoshino Yasushi , Hattori Ryohei , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To assess the validity of growth pattern as a unique prognostic parameter for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods:
In total, 561 patients with pathologic tumor stage 1 (pT1), pT2, and pT3a ccRCC without preoperative metastasis were evaluated. Clinicopathologic parameters, including pathologic tumor stage, Fuhrman grade, tumor necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and growth pattern, were analyzed to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Results:
Growth patterns were defined as follows: expansive included tumors with well-circumscribed margins without normal renal tissue in the tumor, and infiltrative involved tumors with ill-circumscribed margins or normal renal tissue in the tumors. In multivariate analysis, Fuhrman grade, tumor necrosis, and growth pattern were useful predictors of DFS, whereas Fuhrman grade and growth pattern were useful predictors of CSS, although only 30 cases showed the infiltrative pattern.

Conclusions:
Growth pattern can be considered a new prognostic parameter for ccRCC.
Field-Scale Column-Supported Embankment Test Facility
Authors: Sloan J. A. , Filz G. M. , Collin J. G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Column-supported embankments (CSEs) have seen increasing use in recent years where new embankments or widening of existing embankments is required over soft ground. The primary advantages of CSEs are more rapid single-phase construction and protection of adjacent facilities and embankments, but their use is limited because of lack of consensus on CSE design procedures. Investigations into CSE performance in the literature include bench-scale testing, centrifuge testing, case histories with instrumented test sections, numerical modeling, and a few examples of field-scale research test sections. This paper describes a field-scale CSE test facility that employs a unique approach where expanded polystyrene geofoam and its subsequent dissolution are used to model the soft soil beneath the CSE. The properties of the geofoam are similar to those of soft clay, although the geofoam layer is thin. The geofoam is dissolved after embankment construction using an environmentally friendly solvent to represent a worst-case scenario where there is zero soft soil support. Some field applications can approximate this condition. Based on an extensive literature review, the authors believe that this is the first published use of geofoam for temporary support of a column-supported test embankment, where the geofoam is later dissolved to remove support between columns. In addition to investigation of CSE behavior, the facility, instrumentation, and test concept have broader applications for investigation of other arching phenomenon including: localized loss of support beneath portions of other geotechnical structures such as mechanically stabilized earth walls, sinkhole mitigation, tunneling, and mining engineering. This paper focuses on description of the CSE test facility, materials, test procedures, and instrumentation. The results from one of the CSE tests are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the facility and data that can be collected. Future publications will present results from the entire CSE test program and make recommendations for CSE design.
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Portraits, and the Physiognomy of Music History
Authors: Richards Annette 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTaking as its point of departure C. P. E. Bach's extensive, and newly reconstructed, portrait collection, this essay explores the ways in which history in the late eighteenth century was conceived at the meeting point between the portrait collector, the physiognomist, and the anecdotist. Exploring the network of ideas and cultural practices by focusing on the collecting of individual countenances and their visual and literary representations, this article argues that anecdote, annotation, physiognomical analysis, and the visual discipline of portraiture were fundamental to the late eighteenth-century conception of music history. Further, it argues that C. P. E. Bach's activity as a portrait collector may be understood as a significant music-historiographical project in its own right, one which played an important role in the work of contemporary, and later, music historians.
Trends in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Diet, and BMI Among US Adolescents, 2001–2009
Authors: Iannotti Ronald J. , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:
The high prevalence of adolescent obesity in the United States has been attributed to population changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors, and dietary behaviors. This study examines 8-year trends in these behaviors in US adolescents ages 11 to 16.

METHODS:
Nationally representative samples of US students in grades 6 to 10 were recruited during the 2001–2002 (N = 14 607), 2005–2006 (N = 9150), and 2009–2010 (N = 10 848) school years by using multistage stratified designs, with census regions and grades as strata, and school districts as the primary sampling units. African-American and Hispanic students were oversampled to obtain better estimates for those groups. Using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children quadrennial surveys, identical questions assessed BMI, PA, and sedentary and dietary behaviors at each school year. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted taking into account the sampling design and controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and family affluence.

RESULTS:
Across the quadrennial surveys, significant increases were identified in number of days with at least 60 minutes of PA, daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, eating breakfast on weekdays and weekends, and BMI. Television viewing and consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages decreased across this same period. These same patterns were seen in all racial/ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
These patterns suggest that public health efforts to improve the obesity-related behaviors of US adolescents may be having some success. However, alternative explanations for the increase in BMI over the same period need to be considered.
Full issue , Res Medica, Summer 1959, Volume 1, Number 4
Authors: Swann Prof Michael , Turner F W , Craddock A B , Malcolm-Smith Nigel , Scott Richard , Boddy F A , Turner J H , Dudley H A. F. , Crombie A L , Mailer C M , Clark David J 
Published: September 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTSEDITORIAL GROWTH NORMAL AND ABNORMAL: Professor Michael Swann SPONTANEOUS SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE: SOME ASPECTS OF ITS PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT: F. W. TurnerTHE DIAGNOSIS OF HYSTERIA: A. B. Craddock GOINGS-ON DURING THE 222ND SESSION: Nigel Malcolm-SmithFAMILY MEDICINE: Richard Scott, M.D. , D.P.H.THE CHANGING FACE OF MEDICAL PRACTICE: F. A. Boddy THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHEST DISEASE: J. H. TurnerELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE: H.A.F. Dudley, CH.M., F .R.C.S.E.ROCKETS, MEN AND MEDICINE: A. L. Crombie AN APPRAISAL OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS: C. M. Mailer
Twenty-Four-Hour Serum Growth Hormone Levels in Maturity-Onset Diabetics
Authors: Kjeldsen Henning , Hansen Aage Prange , Lundbaek Knud 
Published: September 2013

Serum growth hormone, glucose, and insulin were studied every half hour during a twenty-four-hour period of “daily life” in four groups of subjects: nonobese normal subjects, obese normal subjects, nonobese maturity-onset diabetics, and obese maturity-onset diabetics.
It was found that (1) serum growth horomone was uniformly low without meal- and sleep-related peaks in obese normals and diabetics. The twenty-four-hour serum growth hormone level was significantly higher in nonobese subjects than in obese subjects, in both diabetics and normals; (2) the twenty-four-hour serum growth hormone level was more fluctuating and significantly higher in nonobese diabetics than in nonobese normals; (3) there was no difference in the twenty-four-hour serum growth hormone level between obese diabetics and obese normals.
Calcium Antagonists and Islet Function: I. Inhibition of Insulin Release by Verapamil
Authors: Devis G , Somers G , Van Obberghen E , Malaisse W J 
Published: September 2013

Verapamil is a potent calcium antagonist known to inhibit excitation-contraction coupling in both myocardium and myometrium. Its effect upon glucose- and sulfonylurea-induced insulin release was investigated in the isolated perfused rat pancreas.
After twenty-five minutes' pretreatment and at concentrations ranging between 0.8 and 8.1 μM, verapamil caused a dose-related inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release during both the early and late phase of the secretory process. At a concentration of 0.8 μM, the degree of inhibition was more marked when the exposure time to verapamil prior to stimulation with glucose was increased to sixty minutes. Verapamil also inhibited gliclazide-induced insulin release. Infusion of verapamil during the late phase of the secretory response to glucose demonstrated that the inhibition of insulin release was an immediate and reversible phenomenon. The inhibitory effect of verapamil was enhanced at a subnormal calcium concentration and reduced at a high calcium concentration.
These findings are consistent with the well-known calcium dependency of both glucose- and sulfonylurea-induced insulin release and suggest that verapamil might be a promising tool for further studies on the interactions between cations and secretagogues in the β-cell secretory process.
Insulin-like Insulinase-resistant Material, Distinguishable from Normal Insulin, in Juvenile Diabetes
Authors: Crossley Jeanette R , Elliott R B 
Published: September 2013

This study compares some properties of the immunoreactive insulin-like material extracted from the urine of children with overt diabetes with that from normal children. Insulin-like species were fractionated by gel filtration and by isoelectric focusing and were tested for sensitivity to an insulin-specific degradative enzyme. Insulin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The major insulin-like component from the urine of ten normal children and fifteen untreated juvenile diabetics and from the urine of four and the serum of one latent diabetics behaved (on gel filtration) as normal insulin, was sensitive to insulinase, and (in all cases studied) had an identical isoelectric point (resolution 0.1 pH units).
A proportion of the immunoreactivity extracted from urine (0–4 per cent from normal children, 5–30 per cent from twelve of the thirteen nonobese untreated diabetic children) eluted from the gel filtration column before insulin. This material from diabetic urine was of two size classes, “proinsulin-like” and “mid-insulin,” both resistant to degradation by insulinase. Insulinase-resistant immunoreactivity from one patient was analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Urine samples from two obese children with overt diabetes and four children with latent diabetes contained normal proportions (less than 4 per cent) of immunoreactive species larger than insulin. The possible nature and significance of the present insulinaseresistant species are briefly considered.
Insulin Receptors in the Heart Muscle: Demonstration of Specific Binding Sites and Impairment of Insulin Binding in the Plasma Membrane of the Obese Hyperglycemic Mouse
Authors: Forgue Marie-Elisabeth , Freychet Pierre 
Published: September 2013

The presence of insulin receptors in the heart muscle was investigated by measuring the binding of 125I-insulin to specific subcellular fractions of the rat and mouse myocardium. 125I-insulin bound to the plasma membrane fraction with a high degree of specificity and affinity. Insulin analogues competed with 125I-insulin in direct proportion to their biologic potency in vitro. Unlabeled insulin within the range of its concentrations in vivo inhibited 15 to 60 per cent of the 125I-insulin binding. The specific binding-sites were finite in number and represented about 90 per cent of the total binding. The insulin-binding capacity of the plasma membrane fraction was twelve- to fifteenfold higher than that of the mitochondrial fraction. As in the liver, the binding was time- and temperature-dependent with a slower but higher binding achieved at a lower temperature. The binding sites appeared to be heterogeneous with respect to affinity. At 5° C , the “higheraffinity” site had a K of about 2 × 109 M−1. No more than 10 percent of the 125I-insulin was degraded by the heart plasma membranes after one hour at 30° C. or twenty-two hours at 5° C.
Studies in the obese hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mouse revealed that the insulin binding is impaired in the heart muscle of this animal. Over a wide range of insulin concentrations, the plasma membrane fraction of ob/ob mice bound only 25 to 40 per cent as much insulin as did membranes of the thin littermates, suggesting that, as in the liver, the fat tissue, and the thymic lymphocyte, the number of insulin-binding sites is decreased in the heart of the ob/ob mouse. This defect selectively affected the plasma membrane fraction and could not be explained by differences in membrane purification or in insulin-degrading activity. Heart and liver membranes of fortyhour fasted ob/ob mice bound two to three times as much insulin as did membranes of ob/ob mice fed ad libitum.
These studies demonstrate and characterize the binding of insulin to heart muscle membranes; they extend to the heart muscle the insulin receptor defect also found in liver membranes and cells, in fat cell membranes, and in thymic lymphocytes of the ob/ob mouse.