bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Impacts MicroRNA‐16 Mediated Post‐Transcriptional Regulation of mu Opioid Receptor in CEM ×174 Cells
Authors: Hou Wenting , Li Hui , Jiang Wei , Zhang Chao , McNutt Michael A , Li Gang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough the mechanism which regulates transcription in the 5′‐UTR of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) in lymphocytes has been well‐studied, a question remains as to whether there is post‐transcriptional regulation of OPRM1 gene in lymphocytes. In this study, the authors describe both the role played by miRNAs and the impact of SIVmac239 infection on post‐transcriptional regulation of OPRM1 gene in CEM ×174 cells. Our results show that miR‐16 is able to bind the target site in the range of 8699–8719 nt from the stop codon in MOR‐1 mRNA 3′‐UTR and suppress the expression of OPRM1 gene. Mutation of this target site reduces the effect of miR‐16. Morphine (1 µM) inhibits the expression of miR‐16, and this effect is reversed by the antagonist naloxone. Thus, morphine may up‐regulate receptor level by both stimulating OPRM1 gene transcription and stabilizing its mRNA. SIVmac239 infection results in an apparent elevation of miR‐16 and gradual reduction of OPRM1 gene expression. The inverse correlation of elevated miR‐16 and reduced OPRM1 gene expression under viral loading confirmed the effect of SIVmac239 on post‐transcriptional regulation of OPRM1 gene in lymphocytes. The authors conclude that miR‐16 is a primary factor in post‐transcriptional regulation of OPRM1 gene. SIVmac239 upregulates miR‐16 levels and consequently suppresses OPRM1 gene expression. This finding will be helpful for full understanding of the regulatory mechanism of OPRM1 gene in lymphocytes, as well as the synergistic mechanism of HIV infection and morphine addiction in the pathogenesis of AIDS. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 84–93, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Addressing global economic inequalities in local ways in Senegal's artisanal workshops
Authors: Cochrane Laura L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCentral Senegal was once a thriving agricultural area, but over the past century, it has struggled with repeated droughts, rising temperatures, and land mismanagement. In addition, global inequalities, including colonialism, unequal energy use, and international trade inequities, have escalated both climate change and economic insecurities worldwide. These inequalities in turn have affected local environments and economies. Throughout these long‐term crises, in central Senegal, communities have relied on religious networks. Leaders of local economic development projects also work through these networks to rebuild their communities. This article focuses on the extent to which residents of two towns have used these participatory networks to address environmental and economic challenges. Their varied experiences show the importance of using a region's social foundations in communities' work toward financial viability. This article argues that local development projects that use these existing strengths as organizing principles are able to adapt to persistent challenges more successfully than those that do not. Existing networks that strengthen communities also strengthen their efforts to become sustainable.
Unequal sustainabilities: The role of social inequalities in conservation and development projects
Authors: Peterson Nicole D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this article, I examine the efforts of a national marine protected area in Loreto, Mexico, to create sustainable development through regulations and economic development programs. I argue that these kinds of efforts can ignore social aspects of sustainability, particularly the ways that existing economic, political, and social inequalities interact with sustainability efforts through flawed participatory processes, misunderstandings of community values, and the lack of attention to the impact of a larger socioeconomic context. Instead, we should focus on how inequalities are reproduced, altered, challenged, and constructed by the policies and practices of sustainability. I propose that greater commitment to an integrated social, environmental, and economic sustainability can provide the space needed for alternative visions and values as well as real progress toward sustainability.
Shifting social dynamics and economic inequality in the post‐Soviet space: Networking and participation in toi among the novyi Kyrgyz
Authors: Provis René 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article analyzes recent changes in the important social gatherings of feasting celebrations in Kyrgyzstan (toi in the Kyrgyz language) as markers of significant change in social networking practices over the post‐Soviet period. I argue that the observable increase in the number of these celebrations has been mistaken for a revitalization of kinship relations, when in fact the toi often reflect more pragmatic and strategic considerations vis‐à‐vis social networking. In the context of the attrition of state services and increasing economic and social inequality since the collapse of the Soviet Union and Kyrgyzstan's subsequent independence in 1991, the resultant patterns of association evident in toi I interpret as a mélange of custom and the assimilation of neoliberal rhetoric that was widely disseminated across the former Soviet Union during this period. This has significant consequences for well‐being among the poorest segments of society that might not be appreciated by considering numerical measures of inequality alone, such as Gini measures of income inequality preferred by international development organizations like the World Bank.
Postdisaster reciprocity and the development of inequality in personal networks
Authors: Jones Eric C. , Murphy Arthur D. , Faas A. J. , Tobin Graham A. , McCarty Christopher , Whiteford Linda M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWithin the context of major changes in economics, population distribution, and lifestyles around the world, people continue to rely on personal relationships for support. People also often create or find themselves in relationships that are alternatively asymmetrical or balanced. In this study, we are interested in how people face acute or chronic hazards and how asymmetrical or balanced exchange relationships are associated with different types of social support in these contexts. This study examines the degree to which populations in three disaster settings–flooding in Mexico and volcanic eruptions in Mexico and Ecuador–show variation in the degree and form of reciprocity. We found people on average to engage in giving and/or receiving with three to five people in their personal networks. Most of these relationships were reciprocal, but those that were not reciprocal suggested potential inequality in these rural communities.
The cranial endocast of the Middle Devonian dipnoan Dipterus valenciennesi and a fossilized dipnoan otoconial mass
Authors: Challands Thomas J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe well known Middle Devonian (Eifelian–Givetian) lungfish Dipterus valenciennesi from Scotland, UK, has been studied for more than one hundred years though our understanding of the neurocranium and cranial cavity is incomplete. Micro‐CT scanning demonstrates that the internal cast of the cranial cavity, the endocast, possesses a mix of primitive and derived characters. The olfactory bulbs are sessile, as in the derived extant Lepidosirenidae. However, Dipterus valenciennesi possesses the primitive condition of a shallow telencephalon unlike Upper Devonian forms such as Rhinodipterus kimberleyensis and extant lungfish taxa. Further information revealed by micro‐CT scanning has allowed coding for characters pertaining to the neurocranial cristae, previously unobservable in Dipterus valenciennesi, allowing hypotheses of relationships between Devonian Dipnoi and the position of Dipterus valenciennesi to be reassessed. New analyses do not refine the phylogenetic position of Dipterus valenciennesi but do increase support for most recently established Devonian dipnoan phylogeny. The first record of a three‐dimensionally preserved fossilized otoconial mass from the utricular recess in a fossil dipnoan is also described. Comparison of morphometric data of the endosseous and soft tissue manifestations of the labyrinth system in extant dipnoan taxa demonstrates that there is largely good correspondence between the two. When compared to Dipterus valenciennesi, extant taxa exhibit semi‐circular canals that are reduced in length. Furthermore, compared to Dipterus, in extant dipnoan taxa the size of the otoconial mass has increased relative to the utricular and sacculolagenar pouches containing them. The functional implications for these observations suggest that the Dipnoi have evolved towards a more sedentary lifestyle and behaviour at least since the Middle Devonian.
Extracellular matrix biomimicry for the creation of investigational and therapeutic devices
Authors: Pellowe Amanda S. , Gonzalez Anjelica L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a web of fibrous proteins that serves as a scaffold for tissues and organs, and is important for maintaining homeostasis and facilitating cellular adhesion. Integrin transmembrane receptors are the primary adhesion molecules that anchor cells to the ECM, thus integrating cells with their microenvironments. Integrins play a critical role in facilitating cell–matrix interactions and promoting signal transduction, both from the cell to the ECM and vice versa, ultimately mediating cell behavior. For this reason, many advanced biomaterials employ biomimicry by replicating the form and function of fibrous ECM proteins. The ECM also acts as a reservoir for small molecules and growth factors, wherein fibrous proteins directly bind and present these bioactive moieties that facilitate cell activity. Therefore biomimicry can be enhanced by incorporating small molecules into ECM‐like substrates. Biomimetic ECM materials have served as invaluable research tools for studying interactions between cells and the surrounding ECM, revealing that cell–matrix signaling is driven by mechanical forces, integrin engagement, and small molecules. Mimicking pathological ECMs has also elucidated disease specific cell behaviors. For example, biomimetic tumor microenvironments have been used to induce metastatic cell behaviors, and have thereby shown promise for in vitro cancer drug testing and targeting. Further, ECM‐like substrates have been successfully employed for autologous cell recolonization for tissue engineering and wound healing. As we continue to learn more about the mechanical and biochemical characteristics of the ECM, these properties can be harnessed to develop new biomaterials, biomedical devices, and therapeutics. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 8:5–22. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1349This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Image‐guided surgery using multimodality strategy and molecular probes
Authors: Xi Lei , Jiang Hubei 
Published: June 2015

The ultimate goal of cancer surgery is to maximize the excision of tumorous tissue with minimal damage to the collateral normal tissues, reduce the postoperative recurrence, and improve the survival rate of patients. In order to locate tumor lesions, highlight tumor margins, visualize residual disease in the surgical wound, and map potential lymph node metastasis, various imaging techniques and molecular probes have been investigated to assist surgeons to perform more complete tumor resection. Combining imaging techniques with molecular probes is particularly promising as a new approach for image‐guided surgery. Considering inherent limitations of different imaging techniques and insufficient sensitivity of nonspecific molecular probes, image‐guided surgery with multimodality strategy and specific molecular probes appears to be an optimal choice. In this article, we briefly describe typical imaging techniques and molecular probes followed by a focused review on the current progress of multimodal image‐guided surgery with specific molecular navigation. We also discuss optimal strategy that covers all stages of image‐guided surgery including preoperative scanning of tumors, intraoperative inspection of surgical bed and postoperative care of patients. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 8:46–60. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1352This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Cumulative experiences with life adversity: Identifying critical levels for targeting prevention efforts☆
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly J. , Tynes Brendesha , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. , Williams David 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to assess the role of individual types and cumulative life adversity for understanding depressive symptomatology and aggressive behavior. Data were collected in 2011 as part of the Teen Life Online and in Schools Study from 916 ethnically‐diverse students from 12 middle, K–8, 6–12 and high schools in the Midwest United States. Youth reported an average of 4.1 non‐victimization adversities and chronic stressors in their lifetimes. There was a linear relationship between number of adversities and depression and aggression scores. Youth reporting the highest number of adversities (7 or more) had significantly higher depression and aggression scores than youth reporting any other number of adversities suggesting exposure at this level is a critical tipping point for mental health concerns. Findings underscore an urgent need to support youth as they attempt to negotiate, manage, and cope with adversity in their social worlds.
The Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS): A rapid dementia staging tool
Authors: Galvin James E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionTest the validity and reliability of the Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS), a rapid dementia staging tool.MethodsThe QDRS was tested in 267 patient‐caregiver dyads compared with Clinical Dementia Ratings (CDR), neuropsychological testing, and gold standard measures of function, mood, and behavior. Psychometric properties including, item variability, floor and ceiling effects, concurrent and construct validity, and internal consistency were determined. The QDRS was used to derive an independent CDR and sum‐of‐boxes (SB). Interscale reliability between QDRS and CDR was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) tested discrimination properties of QDRS across CDR stages.ResultsQDRS scores increased with higher CDR staging and poorer neuropsychological performance (Ps < .001). The QDRS demonstrated low floor and ceiling effects; excellent known‐groups validity across CDR stages (Ps < .001); construct validity against cognitive, behavioral, and functional measures (Ps 0.004 to <0.001); and reliability (Cronbach α: 0.86–0.93). The QDRS demonstrated differential scores across different dementia etiologies. The AUC for the QDRS was 0.911 (95% confidence interval or CI 0.86–0.96) and for the CDR‐SB was 0.996 (95% CI 0.99–1.0) demonstrating comparable ability to discriminate normal controls from dementia. The QDRS‐generated CDR demonstrated excellent correspondence with the CDR (ICC = 0.90) and SB (ICC = 0.92).DiscussionThe QDRS validly and reliably differentiates individuals with and without dementia and accurately stages dementia without extensive training or clinician input, and is highly correlated with our gold standard measures. The QDRS provides a rapid method to determine study eligibility, stage patients in clinical practice, and improve case ascertainment in population studies.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study of hysteroscopic‐guided pertubal diluted bupivacaine infusion for endometriosis‐associated chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Shokeir Tarek , Mousa Sherif 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of hysteroscopic‐guided pertubal diluted bupivacaine infusion for endometriosis‐associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP).MethodsBetween June 2010 and July 2013, a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study was undertaken at Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt. Patients meeting inclusion criteria (laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis, patent fallopian tubes, ≥ 6 months CPP, pain score on visual analogue scale [VAS] > 5) were randomly assigned using a computer‐generated randomization sequence to receive either office hysteroscopic‐guided pertubal diluted bupivacaine infusion (0.25%) or placebo. Response to treatment was assessed using subjective data for scores on VAS and a monthly verbal rating scale (VRSmonthly) at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months of follow‐up. Additionally, women completed a questionnaire to evaluate the overall satisfaction at 3 months.ResultsThirty patients were assigned to each group. In the bupivacaine group, VAS and VRSmonthly scores were significantly lower at 1, 2, and 3 months than at baseline (P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, scores were significantly lower in the bupivacaine group than in the placebo group at 1, 2, and 3 months (P < 0.05 for all). At 3 months, 22 (73%) women in the bupivacaine group expressed satisfaction, compared with 2 (7%) in the placebo group (P = 0.18).ConclusionOffice pertubal hysteroscopic‐guided diluted bupivacaine infusion could be used to manage endometriosis‐associated CPP for at least 3 months.AEARCTR‐0000573
Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among women in Ningbo, China
Authors: Hong Hang , He Tian‐feng , Ni Hong‐xia , Zhang Shu , Xu Guo‐zhang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women in Ningbo, China.MethodsA cluster‐sampling study of women from four randomly selected villages was undertaken between April 1 and June 30, 2012. Married women who were not menstruating and had not had sexual intercourse, used vaginal medications, or performed vaginal douching within the previous 48 hours were enrolled when attending community health centers for family planning appointments. Exfoliated cell specimens were collected for HPV DNA genotyping and cytologic diagnostic tests.ResultsAmong 1373 included women, 185 (13.5%) were found to be HPV positive and 178 (13.0%) had a high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) genotype. Among 56 women with cervical cytologic abnormalities, 35 (62.5%) had an HPV infection. The frequency of HPV or HR‐HPV infections rose with increasing severity of cytological abnormalities (P < 0.001 for both). HPV52 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV58, HPV16, HPV33, and HPV68. An HPV prevalence peak was observed in women aged 40–49 years (101/564 [17.9%]).ConclusionIn Ningbo, many women with cervical cytologic abnormalities have HPV infection. Vaccines targeting HPV52 and HPV58 in conjunction with HPV16 and HPV18 are required for the prevention and treatment of cervical lesions in Chinese women.
The impact of yoga on atrial fibrillation: A review of The Yoga My Heart Study
Authors: Deutsch Steven Brent , Krivitsky Eric Lawrence 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAtrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia affecting thousands of individuals worldwide. It is a conduction disorder that causes the heart to beat irregularly and rapidly. There are a few medical approaches to manage this costly health care burden: antiarrhythmics to maintain normal sinus rhythm, beta blockers to achieve rate control while allowing atrial fibrillation to persist, and electro‐physiologic intervention for rate and rhythm control. These treatments can be costly and are not without side effects. Yoga, an intervention that is available to people worldwide, has shown some promise in combating this widespread heart disorder.
Tamoxifen induces a pluripotency signature in breast cancer cells and human tumors
Authors: Notas George , Pelekanou Vassiliki , Kampa Marilena , Alexakis Konstantinos , Sfakianakis Stelios , Laliotis Aggelos , Askoxilakis John , Tsentelierou Eleftheria , Tzardi Maria , Tsapis Andreas , Castanas Elias 
Published: June 2015

Tamoxifen is the treatment of choice in estrogen receptor alpha breast cancer patients that are eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapy. However, ∼50% of ERα‐positive tumors exhibit intrinsic or rapidly acquire resistance to endocrine treatment. Unfortunately, prediction of de novo resistance to endocrine therapy and/or assessment of relapse likelihood remain difficult. While several mechanisms regulating the acquisition and the maintenance of endocrine resistance have been reported, there are several aspects of this phenomenon that need to be further elucidated. Altered metabolic fate of tamoxifen within patients and emergence of tamoxifen‐resistant clones, driven by evolution of the disease phenotype during treatment, appear as the most compelling hypotheses so far. In addition, tamoxifen was reported to induce pluripotency in breast cancer cell lines, in vitro. In this context, we have performed a whole transcriptome analysis of an ERα‐positive (T47D) and a triple‐negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231), exposed to tamoxifen for a short time frame (hours), in order to identify how early pluripotency‐related effects of tamoxifen may occur. Our ultimate goal was to identify whether the transcriptional actions of tamoxifen related to induction of pluripotency are mediated through specific ER‐dependent or independent mechanisms. We report that even as early as 3 hours after the exposure of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen, a subset of ERα‐dependent genes associated with developmental processes and pluripotency are induced and this is accompanied by specific phenotypic changes (expression of pluripotency‐related proteins). Furthermore we report an association between the increased expression of pluripotency‐related genes in ERα‐positive breast cancer tissues samples and disease relapse after tamoxifen therapy. Finally we describe that in a small group of ERα‐positive breast cancer patients, with disease relapse after surgery and tamoxifen treatment, ALDH1A1 (a marker of pluripotency in epithelial cancers which is absent in normal breast tissue) is increased in relapsing tumors, with a concurrent modification of its intra‐cellular localization. Our data could be of value in the discrimination of patients susceptible to develop tamoxifen resistance and in the selection of optimized patient‐tailored therapies.
Misconceptions and Misattributions About Traumatic Brain Injury: An Integrated Conceptual Framework
Authors: Block Cady K. , West Sarah E. , Goldin Yelena 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe objective of the present narrative review was to provide a conceptual framework to address common misconceptions in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and enhance clinical and research practices. This framework is based on review of the literature on TBI knowledge and beliefs. The comprehensive search of the literature included seminal and current texts as well as relevant articles on TBI knowledge and education, misconceptions, and misattributions. Reviewed materials ranged from 1970 to 2013 and were obtained from PubMed and PubMed Central online research databases. Research findings from the reviewed literature were integrated with existing social and cognitive psychological concepts to develop a framework that includes: (1) the identification antecedents of TBI‐related misconceptions and misattribution; (2) understanding of how inaccurate beliefs form and persist as the result of pre‐ and postinjury cognitive operations such as informational cascades and attribution biases; and (3) a discussion of ways in which these beliefs can result in consequences in all domains of a survivor's life, including physical and mental health, stigma, and discrimination. This framework is intended to serve as a first stage of development of a model that will improve treatment endeavors and service delivery to individuals with TBI and their families.