bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contaminants of emerging concern in municipal wastewater effluents and marine receiving water
Authors: Vidal-Dorsch Doris E. , Bay Steven M. , Maruya Keith , Snyder Shane A. , Trenholm Rebecca A. , Vanderford Brett J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The occurrence and concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were investigated in municipal effluents and in marine receiving water. Final effluent from four large publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and seawater collected near the respective POTW outfall discharges and a reference station were collected quarterly over one year and analyzed for 56 CECs. Several CECs were detected in effluents; naproxen, gemfibrozil, atenolol, and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate were the compounds most frequently found and with the highest concentrations (&gt;1 µg/L). Gemfibrozil and naproxen had the highest seawater concentrations (0.0009 and 0.0007 µg/L) and also were among the most frequently detected compounds. Effluent dilution factors ranged from &gt;400 to approximately 1,000. Fewer CECs were detected and at lower concentrations in seawater collected from the reference station than at the outfall sites. Effluent concentrations for some CECs (e.g., pharmaceuticals) were inversely related to the degree of wastewater treatment. This trend was not found in seawater samples. Few temporal differences were observed in effluent or seawater samples. Effluent CEC concentrations were lower than those currently known for chronic toxicity thresholds. Nevertheless, the evaluation of potential chronic effects for CECs is uncertain because aquatic life toxicity thresholds have been developed for only a few CECs, and the effluent and seawater samples had compounds, such as nonylphenol, known to bioaccumulate in local fish. Additional data are needed to better understand the significance of CEC presence and concentrations in marine environments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2674–2682. © 2012 SETAC
Influence of carbon and lipid sources on variation of mercury and other trace elements in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Authors: Routti Heli , Letcher Robert J. , Born Erik W. , Branigan Marsha , Dietz Rune , Evans Thomas J. , McKinney Melissa A. , Peacock Elizabeth , Sonne Christian 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In the present study, the authors investigated the influence of carbon and lipid sources on regional differences in liver trace element (As, Cd, Cu, total Hg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se, and Zn) concentrations measured in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (n = 121) from 10 Alaskan, Canadian Arctic, and East Greenland subpopulations. Carbon and lipid sources were assessed using δ13C in muscle tissue and fatty acid (FA) profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue as chemical tracers. A negative relationship between total Hg and δ13C suggested that polar bears feeding in areas with higher riverine inputs of terrestrial carbon accumulate more Hg than bears feeding in areas with lower freshwater input. Mercury concentrations were also positively related to the FA 20:1n-9, which is biosynthesized in large amounts in Calanus copepods. This result raises the hypothesis that Calanus glacialis are an important link in the uptake of Hg in the marine food web and ultimately in polar bears. Unadjusted total Hg, Se, and As concentrations showed greater geographical variation among polar bear subpopulations compared with concentrations adjusted for carbon and lipid sources. The Hg concentrations adjusted for carbon and lipid sources in Bering–Chukchi Sea polar bear liver tissue remained the lowest among subpopulations. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that carbon and lipid sources for polar bears should be taken into account when one is assessing spatial and temporal trends of long-range transported trace elements. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2739–2747. © 2012 SETAC
Integrated coastal effects study: Synthesis of findings
Authors: Bay Steven M. , Vidal-Dorsch Doris E. , Schlenk Daniel , Kelley Kevin M. , Maruya Keith A. , Gully Joseph R. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Municipal wastewater discharges constitute a major source of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to coastal waters, yet uncertainty exists regarding their linkage to adverse biological effects such as endocrine disruption. Limited information is available concerning the types and fate of CECs discharged to the Southern California Bight (SCB) from municipal wastewater and their potential for ecological impacts. The present study investigated the impacts of CECs from ocean wastewater discharges on SCB fish. Concentrations of CECs were measured in effluents from four major municipal wastewater dischargers. Seawater, sediment, and hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) from the discharge sites and a reference area were collected and analyzed for chemical and biological indicators. Low concentrations of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and commercial compounds were measured in effluent. Some CECs were also detected in sediment, seawater, and fish livers near the outfalls, confirming exposure to CECs. Fish plasma hormone analyses suggested the presence of physiological effects, including a reduced stress response, altered estrogen synthesis or estrogenic exposure, and reduced thyroxine. Most fish responses were found at all sites and could not be directly associated with effluent discharges. However, concentrations of thyroxine were lower at all discharge sites relative to the reference, and estradiol concentrations were lower at three of the four outfall sites. The physiological responses found were not associated with adverse impacts on fish reproduction or populations. Interpretation of molecular and physiological measurements in field organisms such as those used in the present study is challenging because of a lack of information on baseline conditions and uncertain linkages to apical endpoints such as survival and reproduction. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2711–2722. © 2012 SETAC
Evaluation of reproductive endocrine status in hornyhead turbot sampled from Southern California's urbanized coastal environments
Authors: Reyes Jesus A. , Vidal-Dorsch Doris E. , Schlenk Daniel , Bay Steven M. , Armstrong Jeffrey L. , Gully Joseph R. , Cash Curtis , Baker Michael , Stebbins Timothy D. , Hardiman Gary , Kelley Kevin M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
As part of a regionwide collaboration to determine the occurrence of contaminants and biological effects in coastal ecosystems offshore of urban southern California, the present study characterized the reproductive endocrinology of an indigenous flatfish, the hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis), and compared groups sampled from different study sites representing varying degrees of pollution to screen for potential endocrine disruptive effects. Turbot were sampled from locations near the coastal discharge sites of four large municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located between Los Angeles and San Diego, California, USA, and were compared with fish sampled from three far-field reference locations in the region. Despite environmental presence of both legacy contaminants and contaminants of emerging concern and evidence for fish exposure to several classes of contaminants, both males and females generally exhibited coordinated seasonal reproductive cycles at all study sites. Patterns observed included peaks in sex steroids (17β-estradiol, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone) in the spring and low levels in the fall, changes corresponding to similarly timed gonadal changes and plasma vitellogenin concentrations in females. Comparisons between fish captured at the different study sites demonstrated some regional differences in plasma levels of estrogens and androgens, indicative of location-associated effects on the endocrine system. The observed differences, however, could not be linked to the ocean discharge locations of four of the largest WWTPs in the world. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2689–2700. © 2012 SETAC
Previous international experience, cross‐cultural training, and expatriates' cross‐cultural adjustment: Effects of cultural intelligence and goal orientation
Authors: Koo Moon Hyoung , Kwon Choi Byoung , Shik Jung Jae 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough various antecedents of expatriates' cross‐cultural adjustment have been addressed, previous international experience, predeparture cross‐cultural training, and cultural intelligence (CQ) have been most frequently examined. However, there are few attempts that explore the effects of these antecedents simultaneously or consider the possible influencing variables that can impact cross‐cultural adjustment. In addition, empirical findings on the effects of these antecedents are somewhat mixed. Hence, there is a need for integrative studies exploring the mechanism of cross‐cultural adjustment to deepen understanding of how previous international experience, predeparture cross‐cultural training, and CQ affect expatriates' cross‐cultural adjustment. In this regard, we considered CQ as a variable that mediates the influences of previous international experience (work and nonwork) and predeparture cross‐cultural training (length and comprehensiveness) on cross‐cultural adjustment. Additionally, an expatriate's goal orientation was considered as a moderating variable that influences the effects of previous international experience and predeparture cross‐cultural training on CQ. Results using a sample of 190 Korean expatriates partially supported the hypotheses. The mediating effect of CQ and moderating effect of goal orientation were partially supported. The previous international nonwork rather than work experience and comprehensiveness rather than length of predeparture cross‐cultural training were more positively related to CQ. The theoretical contributions, practical implications for human resource development (HRD) practitioners, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The impact of managerial coaching on learning outcomes within the team context: An analysis
Authors: Hagen Marcia , Gavrilova Aguilar Mariya 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between coaching expertise, project difficulty, and team empowerment on team learning outcomes within the context of a high‐performance work team. Variables were tested using multiple regression analysis. The data were analyzed for two groups—team leaders and team members—using t‐tests, factor analysis, as well as correlation, regression, and commonality analyses. The results indicate that the independent variable project difficulty explained the most variance in team learning outcomes for team leaders whereas coaching expertise and team empowerment explained the most variance in team learning outcomes for team members. Practical implications include the selection and training of team leaders in managerial coaching and the development of challenging projects in situations where team learning is highly important. Theoretical implications include providing further empirical support for leadership theories, and coaching theory in particular.
Anti‐Stokes fluorescence from endogenously formed protoporphyrin IX – Implications for clinical multiphoton diagnostics
Authors: Kantere Despina , Guldbrand Stina , Paoli John , Goksör Mattias , Hanstorp Dag , Wennberg Ann‐Marie , Smedh Maria , Ericson Marica B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMultiphoton imaging based on two‐photon excitation is making its way into the clinics, particularly for skin cancer diagnostics. It has been suggested that endogenously formed protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) induced by aminolevulinic acid or methylaminolevulinate can be applied to improve tumor contrast, in connection to imaging of tissue autofluorescence. However, previous reports are limited to cell studies and data from tissue are scarce. No report shows conclusive evidence that endogenously formed PpIX increases tumor contrast when performing multiphoton imaging in the clinical situation. We here demonstrate by spectral analysis that two‐photon excitation of endogenously formed PpIX does not provide additional contrast in superficial basal cell carcinomas. In fact, the PpIX signal is overshadowed by the autofluorescent background. The results show that PpIX should be excited at a wavelength giving rise to one‐photon anti‐Stokes fluorescence, to overcome the autofluorescent background. Thus, this study reports on a plausible method, which can be implemented for clinical investigations on endogenously formed PpIX using multiphoton microscopy (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Expression of CD81, SR‐BI and LDLR in lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with classic and occult hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Roque‐Cuéllar M. Carmen , Sánchez Berta , García‐Lozano José Raúl , Garrido‐Serrano Antonio , Sayago Manuel , Praena‐Fernández Juan Manuel , Núñez‐Roldán Antonio , Aguilar‐Reina José 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCD81, the scavenger receptor‐BI (SR‐BI) and the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) are involved in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry. To investigate if these molecules are altered by HCV, 20 controls and 66 patients: 37 untreated and 29 sustained virological responders, were studied. CD81 and LDLR expression, measured the percentage of cells expressing the HCV‐receptors and their mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), was analyzed on lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as SR‐BI on monocytes by flow cytometry. RNA was extracted from PBMCs and detection of the HCV‐RNA positive and negative strands was performed by strand‐specific RT‐PCR. A statistically significant increase of CD81 expression was observed on lymphocytes, a higher percentage of LDLR on lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as SR‐BI on monocytes was found in the patients as compared to the controls (P < 0.05 in all cases). Untreated patients showed a higher percentage of LDLR+ lymphocytes than sustained virological responders (P = 0.025). Nineteen sustained virological responders bore the HCV‐RNA positive strand in PBMCs; nine of them the negative strand too. Sustained virological responders with occult infection and viral replication, showed a higher expression of LDLR on lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and a higher LDLR MFI on monocytes (P = 0.011) than those without viral replication. In conclusion, HCV exposure modifies expression levels of the receptors studied, being LDLR related with HCV replication, not only in the classic but also in the occult infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1727–1736, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enterovirus 71 blocks selectively type I interferon production through the 3C viral protein in mice
Authors: Lee Yi‐Ping , Wang Ya‐Fang , Wang Jen‐Ren , Huang Szu‐Wei , Yu Chun‐Keung 
Published: September 2012

AbstractType I interferons (IFNs) represent an essential innate defense mechanism for controlling enterovirus 71 (EV 71) infection. Mice inoculated with EV 71 produced a significantly lower amount of type I IFNs than those inoculated with poly (I:C), adenovirus type V, or coxsackievirus B3 (CB3). EV 71 infection, however, mounted a proinflammatory response with a significant increase in the levels of serum and brain interleukin (IL)‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, tumor necrosis factor, and IFN‐γ. EV 71 infection abolished both poly (I:C)‐ and CB3‐induced type I IFN production of mice. Such effect was not extended to other enteroviruses including coxsackievirus A24, B2, B3, and echovirus 9, as mice infected with these viruses retained type I IFN responsiveness upon poly (I:C) challenge. In addition, EV 71‐infected RAW264.7 cells produced significantly lower amount of type I IFNs than non‐infected cells upon poly (I:C) stimulation. The inhibitory effect of EV 71 on type I IFN production was attributed to the viral protein 3C, which was confirmed using over‐expression systems in both mice and RAW264.7 cells. The 3C over‐expression, however, did not interfere with poly (I:C)‐induced proinflammatory cytokine production. These findings indicate that EV 71 can hamper the host innate defense by blocking selectively type I IFN synthesis through the 3C viral protein. J. Med. Virol. 84:1779–1789, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of prohibitin as a Chikungunya virus receptor protein
Authors: Wintachai Phitchayapak , Wikan Nitwara , Kuadkitkan Atichat , Jaimipuk Thitigun , Ubol Sukathida , Pulmanausahakul Rojjanaporn , Auewarakul Prasert , Kasinrerk Watchara , Weng Wen‐Yu , Panyasrivanit Mingkwan , Paemanee Atchara , Kittisenachai Suthathip , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Smith Duncan R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) has recently re‐emerged causing millions of infections in countries around the Indian Ocean. While CHIKV has a broad host cell range and productively infects a number of different cell types, macrophages have been identified as a potential viral reservoir serving to increase the duration of symptoms. To date no CHIKV interacting protein has been characterized and this study sought to identify CHIKV binding proteins expressed on target cell membranes. Two‐dimensional virus overlay identified prohibitin (PHB) as a microglial cell expressed CHIKV binding protein. Co‐localization, co‐immunoprecipitation as well as antibody and siRNA mediated infection inhibition studies all confirmed a role for PHB in mediating internalization of CHIKV into microglial cells. PHB is the first identified CHIKV receptor protein, and this study is evidence that PHB may play a role in the internalization of multiple viruses. J. Med. Virol. 84:1757–1770, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common temperature signal in four well‐replicated tree growth series from northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Lindholm M. , Aalto T. , Grudd H. , Mccarroll D. , Ogurtsov M. , Jalkanen R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFour Nordic temperature proxies based on tree growth at the northern timberline – ring‐width from Sweden and Finland, maximum latewood density from Sweden, and height increment from Finland – were compared. Three indexing methods were used to enhance the low (centennial and above), medium (decadal‐to‐multidecadal) and high (decadal‐to‐interannual) frequencies. The proxies are shown to have a strong temperature signal (common variance) at the interannual‐to‐multidecadal scale, while the multidecadal‐to‐centennial trends are less coherent, perhaps reflecting intra‐regional differences in growing conditions but more likely due to the more noisy regional curve standardization method used to retain the longest trends. Various methods of combining the four proxy series were explored and tested by comparison with four long temperature records from northern Fennoscandia. Only relatively high‐frequency, spline‐indexed series produced consistently positive verification statistics as a reconstruction model for summer temperature using all four proxies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total phenolics content, anthocyanins, and dietary fiber content of apple pomace powders produced by vacuum‐belt drying
Authors: Yan Huitong , Kerr William L 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundApple pomace is a waste material from apple juice processing, and contains significant amounts of dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Many of these compounds may be degraded post‐pressing and during drying operations. Continuous vacuum‐belt drying (VBD) was studied as a means of drying and maintaining quality of apple pomace. The color and chemical properties of samples dried by vacuum‐belt drying at different temperatures were evaluated including total phenolics content (TPC), monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) and dietary fiber content (TDF).ResultsVBD powders were pale golden yellow, and those dried at 80°C did not differ in L*, a* and b* values from freeze‐dried powders. VBD pomace had 44.9 to 51.9 g gallic acid equivalents kg−1 TPC, with greatest retention for pomace dried at 80 and 95°C. TPC for pomace dried at 80 or 95°C was not significantly different from that for freeze‐dried pomace. TMA levels (74.0 mg C3G kg−1, where C3G is cyanidine 3‐O‐glucoside equivalents) were highest in pomace vacuum dried at 80°C. TDF ranged from 442 to 495 g kg−1 in vacuum‐dried pomace and was not significantly different from TDF of freeze‐dried poamce (480 g kg−1).ConclusionIn all cases, TPC, TMA and TDF were higher in VBD pomace than in freeze‐dried whole apple, while VBD pomace prepared at 80 or 95°C had fiber and phytochemical levels similar to freeze‐dried powders. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Dry fractionation
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWith the increase in palm oil production, the dry fractionation process has also gained in importance, both in comparison with other fractionation processes and in terms of the number of tonnes per annum. This has been assisted by the development of far less labour‐intensive processes and improved understanding of the physical chemistry involved. This new insight indicates that temperature uniformity in a crystalliser is not necessary, which opens the door to continuous crystallisation. Combining this continuous crystallisation with a proven continuous separation system such as the conical sieve centrifuge could well lead to a fully continuous dry fractionation process. It is not there yet but likely to arrive.
Impaired growth, hematopoietic colony formation, and ribosome maturation in human cells depleted of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome protein SBDS
Authors: Sezgin Gulay , Henson Adrianna L. , Nihrane Abdallah , Singh Sharon , Wattenberg Max , Alard Pascale , Ellis Steven R. , Liu Johnson M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundShwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS), associated with SBDS mutations, is characterized by pancreatic exocrine dysfunction and marrow failure. Sdo1, the yeast ortholog of SBDS, is implicated in maturation of the 60S ribosomal subunit, with delayed export of 60S‐like particles from the nucleoplasm when depleted. Sdo1 is needed for release of the anti‐subunit association factor Tif6 from 60S subunits, and Tif6 may not be recycled to the nucleus when Sdo1 is absent.MethodsTo clarify the role of SBDS in human ribosome function, TF‐1 erythroleukemia and A549 lung carcinoma cells were transfected with vectors expressing RNAi against SBDS.ResultsGrowth and hematopoietic colony forming potential of TF‐1 knockdown cells were markedly hindered when compared to controls. To analyze the effect of SBDS on 60S subunit maturation in A549 cells, subunit localization was assessed by transfection with a vector expressing a fusion between human RPL29 and GFP: we found a higher percentage of SBDS‐depleted cells with nuclear localization of 60S subunits. Polysome analysis of TF‐1 knockdown cells showed a decrease in free 60S and 80S subunits. We also analyzed the levels of eIF6 (human ortholog of Tif6) following near‐complete knockdown of SBDS in TF‐1 cells and found an approximately 20% increase in the amount of eIF6 associated with the 60S subunit.ConclusionsWe conclude that knockdown of SBDS leads to growth inhibition and defects in ribosome maturation, suggesting a role for wild‐type SBDS in nuclear export of pre‐60S subunits. Furthermore, knockdown of SBDS may interfere with eIF6 recycling. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:281–286. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel mutation in the SerpinC1 gene presenting as unprovoked neonatal cerebral sinus venous thrombosis in a kindred
Authors: Kumar Riten , Moharir Mahendranath , Yau Ivanna , Williams Suzan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAntithrombin (AT) deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of pediatric cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT); but few cases of neonatal CSVT have been reported. We describe two half‐siblings who presented with seizures in the first week of life and were found to have extensive CSVT with associated parenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage. Both infants were found to have type 1 AT deficiency. Sequencing of the SerpinC1 gene revealed a novel heterozygous mutation on exon 5 (c.1009C > T p.Q337X). Both infants were treated with anticoagulation and had recanalization of the dural sinuses on follow up imaging. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 133–136. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.