bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy and inhomogeneity measurement of the transport properties of spark plasma sintered thermoelectric materials
Authors: Jacquot A. , Rull M. , Moure A. , Fernandez-Lozano J.F. , Martin-Gonzalez M. , Saleemi M. , Toprak M.S. , Muhammed M. , Jaegle M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWe report on the development and capabilities of two new measurement systems developed at Fraunhofer-IPM. The first measurement system is based on an extension of the Van der Pauw method and is suitable for cube-shaped samples. A mapping of the electrical conductivity tensor of a Skutterudite-SPS samples produced at the Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid is presented. The second measurement system is a ZTmeter also developed at the Fraunhofer-IPM. It enables the simultaneous measurement of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity up to 900 K of cubes at least 5x5x5 mm3 in size. The capacity of this measurement system for measuring the anisotropy of the transport properties of a (Bi,Sb)2Te3SPS sample produced by KTH is demonstrated by simply rotating the samples.
A Detailed Study of the Synthesis of Bismuth Thin Films by PVD-Methods and their Structural Characterization
Authors: Camps Enrique , Rodil Sandra E. , Salas J. Antonio , Estrada Horacio V. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA comprehensive and rather complete study for the synthesis of Bismuth thin-films using physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques aimed at identifying key features of their crystallographic structure and morphology/topography, as a function of the synthesis method is presented. These films were deposited on oxidized and non-oxidized polished silicon substrates, glass-plates and polyimide flexible films, by thermal evaporation (resistive boat and e-beam) DC- and RF-magnetron assisted sputtering, and pulsed laser (ablation) deposition (PLD). The synthesis was performed controlling the main deposition parameters of these methods.XRD-spectra conclusively indicate that the films can be preferentially oriented along the [003] or [012] Bi-structure’s directions, depending on the source-to- substrate (STS)-distance, sputtering power, substrate’s temperature and PLD ion’s kinetic energy. It is also concluded that a relatively short STS-distance results in a rather polycrystalline structure, near independent to the used sputtering power.
Carrier Dynamics and Defects in Bulk 1eV InGaAsNSb Materials and InGaAs Layers with MBL Grown by MOVPE for Multi-junction Solar Cells
Authors: Sin Yongkun , LaLumondiere Stephen , Foran Brendan , Lotshaw William , Moss Steven C. , Kim Tae Wan , Ruder Steven , Mawst Luke J. , Kuech Thomas F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTMulti-junction III-V solar cells are based on a triple-junction design that employs a 1eV bottom junction grown on the GaAs substrate with a GaAs middle junction and a lattice-matched InGaP top junction. There are two possible approaches implementing the triple-junction design. The first approach is to utilize lattice-matched dilute nitride materials such as InGaAsN(Sb) and the second approach is to utilize lattice-mismatched InGaAs employing a metamorphic buffer layer (MBL). Both approaches have a potential to achieve high performance triple-junction solar cells. A record efficiency of 43.5% was achieved from multi-junction solar cells using the first approach [1] and the solar cells using the second approach yielded an efficiency of 41.1% [2]. We studied carrier dynamics and defects in bulk 1eV InGaAsNSb materials and InGaAs layers with MBL grown by MOVPE for multi-junction solar cells.
Ceramic IR Emitter with Spectral Match to GaSb PV Cells for TPV
Authors: fraas Lewis M. , Qiu Kuanrong 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA high temperature ceramic selective emitter for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) electric generators is described with a spectral match to GaSb IR cells. While solar cells generate electricity quietly and are lightweight, traditional solar cells are used with sunlight and only generate electricity during the day. Workers at JX Crystals invented the GaSb IR cell as a booster cell to demonstrate a solar cell conversion efficiency of 35%. JX Crystals now makes these IR cells. In TPV, these cells can potentially be used with flame heated ceramic emitters to generate electricity quietly day and night. One of the most important requirements for TPV is a good spectral match between the ceramic IR emitted and the IR PV cells. The first problem is to find, demonstrate, and integrate a doped ceramic IR emitter with a spectral match to these GaSb cells. Recently, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide doped MgO-based ceramics have been shown experimentally and theoretically to have spectral selectivity but no attempts have been made to integrate these ceramic IR emitters into a fully operational TPV generator. Herein, we review the history of TPV and note that a key to future progress will be the integration of an appropriate ceramic emitter with cells and a burner to demonstrate an operational TPV generator. Integrating TPV into a residential boiler is discussed as a potential future large volume commercial market.
Electrochemical Deposition of Bismuth Micro- and Nanowires Using Electroplate and Lift Lithography
Authors: Hohl Timea , Lepak Lori A. , Zimmerman Andrew , Hempel Samuel , Sumant Anirudha V. , Divan Ralu , Miller C. Suzanne , Rosenmann Daniel , Verzani Christopher , Takács Endre , Zach Michael P. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPatterned micro- and nanowires of several compositions in the solution series of BixTey were electrochemically deposited using Electroplate and Lift (E&L) Lithography on Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD) templates. The composition of the deposited BixTey wires was controlled by mixing saturated solutions of bismuth nitrate and tellurium in various ratios in the electroplating bath. All wires were electroplated via pulsed depositions at -1.4V vs. the saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The morphology and composition of all wires were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In general, the BixTey wires were fine-grained and brittle, often fracturing during the liftoff process. By contrast, wires containing less than 5% Te are smooth, and strong enough to support their own weight without a supporting medium for a length of over 100 times the wire diameter.
Application of Quantum Dots to Solar Cells to Increase Efficiency
Authors: Botros Chris , Savage Richard 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe goal of this work is to increase the efficiency of conventional solar cells by incorporating quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles in the absorption mechanism. The strategy is to have the QDs absorb UV and fluoresce photons in the visible region that are more readily absorbed by the cells. The outcome is that the cells have more visible photons to absorb and have increased power output. The QDs, having a CdSe core and a ZnS shell, were applied to the solar cells as follows: (1) The QDs were first synthesized in a solution. (2) They were then removed from the solution and dried. (3) The dried QDs are then deposited into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the PDMS/QD composite is allowed to cure. (4) The cured sample is applied to a silicon solar panel. The panel with the PDMS/QD application outputs 2.5% more power than the one without, under identical AM1.5 illumination using QDs that fluoresce in the orange region. This work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating QDs to increase the efficiency of conventional solar cells. Because the cells absorb better in the red region, future effort will be to use QDs that fluoresce in that region to further boost cell output.
Fabrication of Mg2Si bulk by spark plasma sintering method with Mg2Si nano-powder
Authors: Arai Koya , Nishio Keishi , Miyamoto Norifumi , Sunohara Kota , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Hyodo Hiroshi , Hirayama Naomi , Kogo Yasuo , Iida Tsutomu 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTMg2Si bulk was fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) nano-powder, and the thermoelectric characteristics of the bulk sample were evaluated at temperatures up to 873 K. A pre-synthesized all-molten commercial polycrystalline Mg2Si source (un-doped n-type semiconductor) was pulverized into powder of 75 μm or less. To obtain nano-sized fine powder, the powder was milled using planetary ball mill equipment under an inert atmosphere. Fine Mg2Si nano-powder with a mean grain size of about 500 nm was obtained. XRD analysis confirmed that no MgO existed in the nano-powder. The fine powder was put in a graphite die to obtain a sintering body of Mg2Si and treated by SPS under vacuum conditions. The resulting Mg2Si bulk had high density and did not crack. However, the XRD analysis revealed a small amount of MgO in it. The thermoelectric properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity) were measured from room temperature to 873 K. The microstructure of the sintered body was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The maximum dimensionless figure of merit of a sample made from Mg2Si nano-powder was ZT = 0.67 at 873 K.
Power generation performance of π-structure thermoelectric device using NaCo2O4 and Mg2Si elements
Authors: Nakamura Tomoyuki , Hatakeyama Kazuya , Minowa Masahiro , Mito Youhiko , Arai Koya , Iida Tsutomu , Nishio Keishi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThermoelectric power generation has been attracting attention as a technology for waste heat utilization in which thermal energy is directly converted into electric energy. It is well known that layered cobalt oxide compounds such as NaCo2O4 and Ca3Co4O9 have high thermoelectric properties in p-type oxide semiconductors. However, in most cases, the thermoelectric properties in n-type oxide materials are not as high. Therefore, n-type magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) has been studied as an alternative due to its non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, lightweight property, and comparative abundance compared with other TE systems. In this study, we fabricated π-structure thermoelectric power generation devices using p-type NaCo2O4 elements and n-type Mg2Si elements. The p- and n-type sintering bodies were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). To reduce the resistance at the interface between elements and electrodes, we processed the surface of the elements before fabricating the devices. The end face of a Mg2Si element was covered with Ni by SPS and that of a NaCo2O4 element was coated with Ag by silver paste and soldering.The thermoelectric device consisted of 18 pairs of p-type and n-type legs connected with Ag electrodes. The cross-sectional and thickness dimensions of the p-type elements were 3.0 mm × 5.0 mm × 7.6 mm (t) and those of the n-type elements were 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm × 7.6 mm (t). The open circuit voltage was 1.9 V and the maximum output power was 1.4 W at a heat source temperature of 873 K and a cooling water temperature of 283 K in air.
Iron Modified Graphitized Carbon Aerogels for Sustainable Energy Applications
Authors: Kolla Praveen , Kerce Kimberly , Zhao Yong , Houk Joseph , Normah Yahaya , Rhine Wendell , Smirnova Alevtina 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTMesoporous carbon aerogel has been impregnated with iron (10 and 15 wt. %) as a catalyst for graphitization by wet incipient method. The iron modified and non-modified carbon aerogels were heat treated at 900°C, 1200°C, and 1400°C in argon. The crystal structure, morphology, and electro catalytic activity of the resulting nano-composites have been studied. It was found that, the degree of graphitization was proportional to the concentration of Iron phase and the ratio of iron to iron nitride phase in the heat-treated samples. In carbon aerogel sample sintered at 1200°C with 15 wt. % of iron phase, mesoporosity in the range of 3-4 nm and microporosity (< 2nm) was significantly improved by graphitization without affecting the Carbon Aerogels mesoporosity in 10-30 nm range. In this case of 15 wt. % iron doped samples, HRTEM analysis confirms the presence of uniformly distributed ∼43.5nm iron nanoparticles surrounded by graphene layers. Correspondingly, improved graphitization and presence of iron nitride resulted in 3.65 electron assisted oxygen reduction reaction.
The effect of breast shielding during lumbar spine radiography
Authors: Mekiš Nejc , Zontar Dejan , Skrk Damijan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Background. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of lead shielding on the dose to female breasts in conventional x-ray lumbar spine imaging. The correlation between the body mass index and the dose received by the breast was also investigated.
Materials and methods. Breast surface dose was measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). In the first phase measurements of breast dose with and without shielding from lumbar spine imaging in two projections were conducted on an anthropomorphic phantom. In the second stage measurements were performed on 100 female patients, randomly divided into two groups of 50, with breast shielding only used in one group.
Results. On average, breast exposure dose in lumbar spine imaging in both projections (anteroposterior (AP) and lateral) was found reduced by approximately 80% (p < 0,001) when shielding with 0.5 mm lead equivalent was used (from 0.45±0.25 mGy to 0.09±0.07 mGy on the right and from 0.26±0.14 mGy to 0.06±0.04 mGy on the left breast). No correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and the breast surface radiation dose was observed.
Conclusions. Although during the lumbar spine imaging breasts receive low-dose exposure even when shielding is not used, the dose can be reduced up to 80% by breast shielding with no influence on the image quality.
Epirubicin and docetaxel as neoadjuvant treatment of hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative breast cancer: findings from two successive phase II studies
Authors: Tuzi Alessandro , Lombardi Davide , Crivellari Diana , Militello Loredana , Perin Tiziana , La Grassa Manuela , Massarut Samuele , Veronesi Andrea 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Background. We report on the activity of the combination of epirubicin and docetaxel given in neoadjuvant setting for 4 and 8 cycles respectively in 2 successive series of patients with large operable or locally advanced, hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative breast cancer. Patients and methods. Patients were treated from 2002 to 2006 with epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and docetaxel 75 mg/ m2 intravenously, every 3 weeks for 4 cycles before and 4 cycles after surgery (Series I - 13 patients), and from 2006 to 2010 with the same regimen administered for 8 cycles preoperatively (Series II - 37 patients), plus hormonal therapy for 5 years and radiation therapy if indicated. All Series I and 32 Series II patients were able to complete the preoperative chemotherapy.
Results. A complete response was found in 1 patient from Series I and 13 patients from Series II and the partial remission in 10 patients from Series I and 21 patients from Series II. Two Series I and 3 Series II patients did not respond clinically. Response rate (Series I/Series II) was 84/92%. All 50 patients underwent surgery. In Series I patients, 3 pCR occurred in the breast and the axilla was histologically negative in 2 cases. No evidence of disease both in the breast and in the axilla was achieved in 7.6% (1/13) of patients. In Series II patients, 8 pCR occurred in the breast and axilla was histologically negative in 15 patients. No evidence of disease both in the breast and in the axilla occurred in 10.8% (4/37) of patients. G3-G4 toxicity included myelosuppression in 3 patients from Series I and all patients from Series II, and mucositis in 1 patient from Series I and 4 patients from series II. No other G3-4 toxicities or toxic deaths occurred. Five-year progression free survival was 38% and 90% in Series I and Series II patients respectively.
Conclusions. The incidence of pathologic complete remissions was lower in our patient population, compared to reported data. A longer duration of the preoperative treatment might be associated with a longer progression-free survival.
Physical Fitness Level of 1st Year Medicine and Physiotherapy Students of Lublin Medical University
Authors: Kotwica Agnieszka , Majcher Piotr 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Introduction
. The development of civilization is leading to lifestyle changes and diminishing physical activity as well as various types of sicknesses caused by a lack of movement. In order to reduce these negative effects we should maintain a proper level of physical activity, which is often regarded as a contributing factor to positive health levels.
Material and
st
methods
. The aim of this report is the assessment of physical fitness levels of 1st year male and female students of medicine and physiotherapy faculties at Lublin Medical University. The test was conducted on a group of 103 female and 52 male students of medicine as well as 50 female and 11 male students of physiotherapy. The survey was based on the Pilcz motor skills test and Denisiuk endurance test.
Results and conclusions
. The analysis of results showed differences in physical fitness between sexes while there were hardly any differences between the students of the two faculties. The overall level of physical fitness has been specified as the lower limit of the average level.
The Competences of Physical Education Students. Unified Versus Two-Tier University Studies
Authors: Buchta Krystyna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Introduction
. The objective of the study was a comparative analysis of the results of unified and two-tier university studies in physical education at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw.
Material and methods
. The study utilized 128 full-time final semester students. The study utilized a diagnostic poll and random survey method. On the basis of respondents' opinions, the following results were analyzed: respondents' expectations regarding their education and the level of their fulfilment, forms of activities undertaken during studies, professional plans and opinions regarding the course of studies in PE.
Results
. The analysis revealed that, when making the decision to study physical education, respondents expected to gain directional competences and knowledge and skills enabling further education. Respondents highly regarded the level of these competences gained. The majority of respondents expressed a wish to find employment in the education sector and other institutions of physical education.
Conclusion
. The result of the research indicated that transforming unified Master's studies into two-tier university studies did not bring about fundamental changes in the outcome of studies in physical education.
Lexical Gaps in Romanian From the Perspective of English: The Case of Culinary Verbs
Authors: Coste Octavian 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper aims at presenting the lexical gaps which occur when translating a text from English into Romanian. In the first part of the paper causes for and types of lexical gaps, common strategies for dealing with lexical gaps in the process of translating are investigated and illustrated. The analysis made in the second part of the paper focuses on English verbs expressing the technique of cooking in water. The verbs which lead to lexical gaps in Romanian are insisted upon and the appropriate solutions to fill in these gaps are offered.
Verbal Forms In Specialized Written Discourse
Authors: Dimković-Telebaković Gordana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The frequency and the distribution of verbal forms are analyzed in eleven professional texts for six fields of transport and traffic engineering, in a corpus of 7,215 lexemes. The analysis shows that passive forms, for example, occur far less than active forms. Certain functions and meanings of the most frequently used verbal forms are then discussed.
Going Back to One’s Roots: The Revival of Oral Storytelling Techniques in The English Contemporary Novel
Authors: Băniceru Ana Cristina 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
My paper examines the interplay between the sophisticated postmodernist techniques of intertextuality, parody, metafiction and a return to orality or better said of pseudo-orality, a simulated-oral discourse or what the Russian Formalists called “skaz”, brought about by much postcolonial, ethnic or feminist literature.
Tragic Innocence in Philip Roth’s American Pastoral
Authors: Glăvan Gabriela 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
American Pastoral is not only an elegiac fictional biography, but an in-depth analysis of the demise of the American dream in the context of post-war social and cultural mutations. The loss of innocence echoes the tragic mythical Fall from Paradise and the novel’s main characters, Seymour “Swede” Levov and his daughter, Merry, mirror this process in a complex and meaningful way.
The Emergence of the Archaic in Margaret Drabble’s the Radiant Way and a Natural Curiosity
Authors: Mărăşescu Amalia 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Margaret Drabble’s novels are set in contemporary England and deal with contemporary issues, but still contain reminiscences of an archaic mentality. The paper will discuss several such reminiscences, like the myth of the good savage, the nostalgia for the lost paradise or the references to the archetype of the Creation.
L'éclatement de l'État
Authors: Hassner Pierre , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’État-providence et l’État guerrier sont aujourd’hui en crise, car la cohérence de l’État, dans ses diverses composantes, n’apparaît plus ; dès lors, dans les États « anciens », la tentation est grande de se replier sur un territoire ou une communauté, et, là où de nouveaux États se créent, ils peinent à se construire et à affirmer leur légitimité.
Réinventer la relation de service public
Authors: Ginsbourger Francis 
Published: February 2013

Résumé La fiction du public homogène, longtemps portée par les institutions, est en train de s’effriter. On parle beaucoup d’incivilités, d’usagers se comportant en clients, d’agents fatigués qui ne croient plus en leur mission. Mais ne faut-il pas prendre le problème par un tout autre angle, apprendre à mieux connaître les publics pour les faire participer à l’élaboration des services qu’on leur propose ?
Hinged External Fixator and Open Surgery for Severe Elbow Stiffness With Distal Humeral Nonunion
Authors: Ouyang Yuanming , Liao Yi , Liu Zhongtang , Fan Cunyi 
Published: February 2013

Joint stiffness is a common complication of elbow trauma. Treating elbow stiffness is challenging, especially in patients with severe elbow stiffness with distal humeral nonunion.
To improve treatment outcomes, the authors applied a hinged external fixator after performing open reduction and internal fixation and evaluated the clinical outcome. Between 2005 and 2011, eleven patients with elbow stiffness and distal humeral nonunion underwent open arthrolysis, surgical reduction, internal fixation, hinged external fixation, and selective bone grafting. The ulnar nerve was anteriorly transposed in all patients. Elbow range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and radiographs were assessed pre- and postoperatively. All patients achieved solid union in an average of 5.6 months. Preoperatively, mean flexion was 86.8°, mean extension was 45.5°, and mean total range of motion was 41.3°. Postoperatively, mean flexion was 125.9°, mean extension was 11.8°, and mean total range of motion was 114.1°. Mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score also significantly improved from 59 points preoperatively to 87.2 points postoperatively, and 6 patients were scored as excellent (more than 90 points), 3 good (75–90 points), and 2 fair (60–74 points) according to the Mayo Elbow Performace Score.
A stiff elbow with distal humeral nonunion can be treated successfully using a unilateral hinged external fixator to supplement the open reduction and internal fixation. A hinged external fixator was an effective rehabilitation method for improving range of motion and maintaining joint stability.