bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between objectively assessed and questionnaire-based sedentary behaviour with BMI-defined obesity among general population children and adolescents living in England
Authors: Coombs Ngaire A , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesSedentary behaviour (SB) is an emerging candidate risk factor for obesity in young people. Evidence to date is conflicting and it is unclear how different SB types are associated with obesity independently of physical activity. The objective of this study was to examine associations between a range of objectively measured and questionnaire-based SB indicators with obesity and body mass index (BMI) to assess whether these associations were independent of physical activity.Participants4469 (705 with accelerometer data) children aged 5–15 years from the 2008 Health Survey for England.OutcomesThe outcome was adiposity, classified using age-specific and sex-specific BMI SD scores (continuous) and obesity cut-offs (binary). Questionnaire-based measures comprised TV time, non-TV sitting time (such as homework, drawing, time at a computer or playing video games), total sitting time (TV time+non-TV sitting time) and average daily MVPA time. Objective SB and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time were measured using an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer, with cut-offs of 100 and 200 counts per minute for SB, and 2802 counts per minute for MVPA. Multiple logistic and multiple linear regression models examined associations between each indicator of sedentary time with obesity and BMI SD scores.ResultsTV time (but not non-TV sitting or objectively-measured SB) was consistently associated with higher levels of obesity and BMI SD score, even after adjusting for MVPA and other potential confounders. Weaker associations were observed for total sitting time.ConclusionsTV viewing (but not other forms of objectively-measured or questionnaire-based sedentary time) was associated with obesity in children and adolescents. Although a causal relationship cannot be established, TV time may be a reasonable target for obesity prevention in young populations.
A controlled, before-and-after trial of an urban sanitation intervention to reduce enteric infections in children: research protocol for the Maputo Sanitation (MapSan) study, Mozambique
Authors: Brown Joe , Cumming Oliver , Bartram Jamie , Cairncross Sandy , Ensink Jeroen , Holcomb David , Knee Jackie , Kolsky Peter , Liang Kaida , Liang Song , Nala Rassul , Norman Guy , Rheingans Richard , Stewart Jill , Zavale Olimpio , Zuin Valentina , Schmidt Wolf-Peter 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionAccess to safe sanitation in low-income, informal settlements of Sub-Saharan Africa has not significantly improved since 1990. The combination of a high faecal-related disease burden and inadequate infrastructure suggests that investment in expanding sanitation access in densely populated urban slums can yield important public health gains. No rigorous, controlled intervention studies have evaluated the health effects of decentralised (non-sewerage) sanitation in an informal urban setting, despite the role that such technologies will likely play in scaling up access.Methods and analysisWe have designed a controlled, before-and-after (CBA) trial to estimate the health impacts of an urban sanitation intervention in informal neighbourhoods of Maputo, Mozambique, including an assessment of whether exposures and health outcomes vary by localised population density. The intervention consists of private pour-flush latrines (to septic tank) shared by multiple households in compounds or household clusters. We will measure objective health outcomes in approximately 760 children (380 children with household access to interventions, 380 matched controls using existing shared private latrines in poor sanitary conditions), at 2 time points: immediately before the intervention and at follow-up after 12 months. The primary outcome is combined prevalence of selected enteric infections among children under 5 years of age. Secondary outcome measures include soil-transmitted helminth (STH) reinfection in children following baseline deworming and prevalence of reported diarrhoeal disease. We will use exposure assessment, faecal source tracking, and microbial transmission modelling to examine whether and how routes of exposure for diarrhoeagenic pathogens and STHs change following introduction of effective sanitation.EthicsStudy protocols have been reviewed and approved by human subjects review boards at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the Ministry of Health, Republic of Mozambique.Trial registration numberNCT02362932.
BAFF (B cell activating factor) transcript level in peripheral blood of patients with SLE is associated with same-day disease activity as well as global activity over the next year
Authors: Zollars Eric , Bienkowska Jadwiga , Czerkowicz Julie , Allaire Norm , Ranger Ann M , Magder Laurence , Petri Michelle 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesQuantitating gene expression is a potential method of developing biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because of the known pathological role of B cell activating factor (BAFF) in SLE, we explored the association between BAFF gene expression and clinical activity in SLE.MethodsA total of 275 patients with SLE completed this phase of a prospective observational study. At entry into the study, the BAFF gene expression levels were determined in peripheral blood RNA. Serum concentration of BAFF protein was also measured. We then determined clinical associations with SLE disease history, SLE activity on the same day and SLE activity over the course of the next year.ResultsElevated BAFF gene expression was associated with a history of more leucopenia and serologically with more autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-Ro, anti-La and anti-RNP) and low complement. Patients with higher amounts of BAFF transcript had higher measured levels of clinical disease activity. Initial high levels of BAFF gene expression also predicted increased disease activity over the course of the next year. In contrast, serum concentration of BAFF protein was not strongly associated with same-day global disease activity or with future disease activity.ConclusionsBAFF gene expression level is associated with clinical and serological SLE activity on the same day and predictive of clinical activity over the next year. BAFF gene expression is a better measure and predictor of SLE disease activity than the serum BAFF protein level.
The NASA Volcano Sensor Web, advanced autonomy and the remote sensing of volcanic eruptions: a review
Authors: Davies Ashley Gerard , Chien Steve , Tran Daniel , Doubleday Joshua 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

The Volcano Sensor Web (VSW) is a globe-spanning net of sensors and applications for detecting volcanic activity. Alerts from the VSW are used to trigger observations from space using the
Earth Observing-1
(
EO-1
) spacecraft. Onboard
EO-1
is the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) advanced autonomy software. Using ASE has streamlined spacecraft operations and has enabled the rapid delivery of high-level products to end-users. The entire process, from initial alert to product delivery, is autonomous. This facility is of great value as a rapid response is vital during a volcanic crisis. ASE consists of three parts: (1) Science Data Classifiers, which process
EO-1
Hyperion data to identify anomalous thermal signals; (2) a Spacecraft Command Language; and (3) the Continuous Activity Scheduling Planning Execution and Replanning (CASPER) software that plans and replans activities, including downlinks, based on available resources and operational constraints. For each eruption detected, thermal emission maps and estimates of eruption parameters are posted to a website at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, CA. Selected products are emailed to end-users. The VSW uses software agents to detect volcanic activity alerts generated from a wide variety of sources on the ground and in space, and can also be easily triggered manually.
An Autoimmune Response Signature Associated with the Development of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Reflects Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Katayama Hiroyuki , Boldt Clayton , Ladd Jon J. , Johnson Melissa M. , Chao Timothy , Capello Michela , Suo Jinfeng , Mao Jianning , Manson JoAnn E. , Prentice Ross , Esteva Francisco , Wang Hong , Disis Mary L. , Hanash Samir 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The repertoire of antigens associated with the development of an autoimmune response in breast cancer has relevance to detection and treatment strategies. We have investigated the occurrence of autoantibodies associated with the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the before diagnosis setting and in samples collected at the time of diagnosis of TNBC. Lysate arrays containing protein fractions from the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line were hybridized with TNBC plasmas from the Women's Health Initiative cohort, collected before clinical diagnosis and with plasmas from matched controls. An immune response directed against spliceosome and glycolysis proteins was observed with case plasmas as previously reported in estrogen receptor+ breast cancer. Importantly, autoantibodies directed against networks involving BRCA1, TP53, and cytokeratin proteins associated with a mesenchymal/basal phenotype were distinct to TNBC before diagnosis samples. Concordant autoantibody findings were observed with mouse plasma samples collected before occurrence of palpable tumors from a C3(1)-T triple negative mouse model. Plasma samples collected at the time of diagnosis of stage II TNBC and from matched healthy controls were subjected to proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry to identify Ig-bound proteins yielding a predominance of cytokeratins, including several associated with a mesenchymal/basal phenotype among cases compared with controls. Our data provide evidence indicative of a dynamic repertoire of antigens associated with a humoral immune response reflecting disease pathogenesis in TNBC. Cancer Res; 75(16); 3246–54. ©2015 AACR.
Preparatory Activity in Posterior Temporal Cortex Causally Contributes to Object Detection in Scenes
Authors: Reeder Reshanne R. , Perini Francesca , Peelen Marius V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Theories of visual selective attention propose that top–down preparatory attention signals mediate the selection of task-relevant information in cluttered scenes. Neuroimaging and electrophysiology studies have provided correlative evidence for this hypothesis, finding increased activity in target-selective neural populations in visual cortex in the period between a search cue and target onset. In this study, we used online TMS to test whether preparatory neural activity in visual cortex is causally involved in naturalistic object detection. In two experiments, participants detected the presence of object categories (cars, people) in a diverse set of photographs of real-world scenes. TMS was applied over a region in posterior temporal cortex identified by fMRI as carrying category-specific preparatory activity patterns. Results showed that TMS applied over posterior temporal cortex before scene onset (−200 and −100 msec) impaired the detection of object categories in subsequently presented scenes, relative to vertex and early visual cortex stimulation. This effect was specific to category level detection and was related to the type of attentional template participants adopted, with the strongest effects observed in participants adopting category level templates. These results provide evidence for a causal role of preparatory attention in mediating the detection of objects in cluttered daily-life environments.
Ograniczenia w kształtowaniu się społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na Ukrainie
Authors: Maliszewska Alicja Maria 
Published: June 2015

Obstacles on the path towards a civil society in UkraineThis article centers on key difficulties that hamper the development of a civil society in independent Ukraine. A special emphasis is put on phenomena such as: lack of a homogeneous national identity, non-existence of the collective memory shared by all Ukraine citizens, the Soviet mentality, oligarchic structures, and failure to build social capital. The work is based on the scientific literature on a civil society in Ukraine. Ograniczenia w kształtowaniu się społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na UkrainieCelem artykułu jest próba przedstawienia przeszkód stojących na drodze rozwoju społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na Ukrainie po uzyskaniu przez nią niepodległości. Duży nacisk położony został na ukazanie takich zjawisk, jak: brak jednolitej tożsamości narodowej Ukraińców, nieistnienie jednej pamięci zbiorowej podzielanej przez wszystkich obywateli, mentalność sowiecka, oligarchiczna władza oraz niewypracowanie kapitału społecznego. Pracę przygotowano na podstawie literatury naukowej poświęconej kwestii społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na Ukrainie.
A Formal Analysis of the Feedback Concept in Climate Models. Part III: Feedback Dynamics and the Seasonal Cycle in a Floquet Analysis
Authors: Lahellec Alain , Reimer Krista 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article introduces a new decomposition of climate feedback mechanisms based on their characteristic times. As the last of a series of three, it complements the first two parts by Lahellec and Dufresne to give a comprehensive review of climate feedbacks that will help to ensure consistency between practice and theory. In Parts I and II, analysis of the climate response to perturbations at the large spatial scales and time scales necessary to obtain linearity restricted the characterization to the slow components of the response. This part incorporates the fast mechanisms’ impact on the climate feedbacks, bringing the seasonal cycle into the analysis. Thanks to the Floquet theory, the authors could extend the formal framework of Parts I and II to incorporate the fast mechanisms. An illustration of the formal results with a simple 1D model highlights a clear distinction between the role of fast (intraseasonal) and slow (decadal) feedbacks, with an application to the water-cycle feedback of Part II. The same implementation of the Gâteaux difference in LMDZ, the GCM of LMD, as in Part II is used for comparing results with the authors’ toy model. This comparison essentially validates the Floquet decomposition obtained with the toy model: the fast component linked to precipitation is contributing negatively to the water-cycle feedback while the slow component is building up the positive feedback. The comparison also provides further insight on the sensitivity of models’ precipitation to climate warming.
Characteristics of Heat Sources and Clouds over Eastern China and the Tibetan Plateau in Boreal Summer
Authors: Chen Jinghua , Wu Xiaoqing , Yin Yan , Xiao Hui 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this study, the summer clouds and precipitation over eastern China and the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are examined by analyzing the satellite observations and the apparent heat source Q1 and moisture sink Q2 computed from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. The vertically integrated [Q1] and [Q2] and precipitation have similar interannual variations in eastern China, revealing the important contribution from the condensation process. This relationship is weakened in east TP (ETP) because of the contribution of the surface sensible heat flux. In west TP (WTP), [Q1] is negatively correlated with precipitation because the surface sensible heat flux can be sharply weakened by the decrease of ground–air temperature difference due to rainfall. High clouds and deep convection are closely related with [Q1] and [Q2] over eastern China and ETP, while middle clouds and nimbostratus are responsible for the condensation over WTP. During the rainy summer, more convective rains and stronger upward motion appear in eastern China. Greater Q1 and Q2 and stronger upward motion present over ETP, while weaker Q1 and upward motion are observed over WTP in the rainy summer when compared to the dry summer. The cloud-water path over eastern China positively correlates with [Q1] and [Q2] over ETP. The deep convection over eastern China also positively correlates with the convection over ETP. These correlations suggest that moisture due to the evaporation of cloud water in anvil clouds detrained from the deep convection over ETP can be transported downstream and benefit the development of convection over eastern China.
Anti-leukemia activity of semi-synthetic phenolic derivatives from Polygonum limbatum Meisn.
Authors: Nkuété Antoine Honoré Lonfouo , Kuete Victor , Gozzini Davide , Migliolo Ludovico , Oliveira Aline Lima , Wabo Hippolyte K , Tane Pierre , Vidari Giovanni , Efferth Thomas , Franco Octávio Luiz 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
The present report describes the semi-synthesis of a few O-prenylated phenolic derivatives and their in vitro antitumor activities. These compounds were prepared by modifying two naturally occurring antitumor phenols, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(1′-hydroxy-1′-phenyl-methyl)-6-methoxy-chroman-4-one (A) and 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′,6′-dimethoxychalcone (B), previously isolated from Polygonum limbatum Meisn. (Polygonaceae). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means and comparison with published data. The cytotoxicity of compounds was determined by using the resazurin assay in the parental drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM cell line and its multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein-over-expressing subline, CEM/ADR5000.

Results
We describe in the present paper four new semi-synthetic derivatives of A and B: 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-O-(3′-methylbut-2′-enyl)chroman-4-one (1), trivially named metapchromone, 5-acetoxy-6-methoxy-7-O-[3′-methylbut-2′enyl]chroman-4-one (2), trivially named sargisin, 2′-hydroxy-3′,6′-dimethoxy-4′-O-(3″-methylbut-2″-enyl)chalcone (3) trivially named limbachalcone A, and 2′-acetoxy-3′,6′-dimethoxy-4′-O-(3″-methylbut-2″-enyl)chalcone (4) trivially named tsedengchalcone. Their preliminary cytotoxic activities have been determined. We also report herein the isolation of 1-methylhydantoin (C) and betulinic acid (D) from Polygonum limbatum for the first time.

Conclusions
The study clearly suggests that semi-synthesis involving O-prenylation and acetylation of chalcones or other chromanones should be avoided in a search for anticancer drugs. This conclusion should be helpful when selecting substituents for the synthesis of potential anticancer drugs.
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells generated from intervertebral disc cells improve neurologic functions in spinal cord injury
Authors: Oh Jinsoo , Lee Kang-In , Kim Hyeong-Taek , You Youngsang , Yoon Do Heum , Song Ki Yeong , Cheong Eunji , Ha Yoon , Hwang Dong-Youn 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source for immune-compatible cell therapy. Although a variety of somatic cells have been tried for iPSC generation, it is still of great interest to test new cell types, especially those which are hardly obtainable in a normal situation.

Methods
In this study, we generated iPSCs by using the cells originated from intervertebral disc which were removed during a spinal operation after spinal cord injury. We investigated the pluripotency of disc cell-derived iPSCs (diPSCs) and neural differentiation capability as well as therapeutic effect in spinal cord injury.

Results
The diPSCs displayed similar characteristics to human embryonic stem cells and were efficiently differentiated into neural precursor cells (NPCs) with the capability of differentiation into mature neurons in vitro.
When the diPSC-derived NPCs were transplanted into mice 9 days after spinal cord injury, we detected a significant amelioration of hindlimb dysfunction during follow-up recovery periods. Histological analysis at 5 weeks after transplantation identified undifferentiated human NPCs (Nestin+) as well as early (Tuj1+) and mature (MAP2+) neurons derived from the transplanted NPCs. Furthermore, NPC transplantation demonstrated a preventive effect on spinal cord degeneration resulting from the secondary injury.

Conclusion
This study revealed that intervertebral discs removed during surgery for spinal stabilization after spinal cord injury, previously considered a “waste” tissue, may provide a unique opportunity to study iPSCs derived from difficult-to-access somatic cells and a useful therapeutic resource for autologous cell replacement therapy in spinal cord injury.
Unconventional, adenosine-producing suppressor T cells induced by dendritic cells exposed to BPZE1 pertussis vaccine
Authors: Fedele Giorgio , Sanseverino Isabella , D’Agostino Krizia , Schiavoni Ilaria , Locht Camille , Horenstein Alberto L , Malavasi Fabio , Ausiello Clara M 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
BPZE1 is a live attenuated pertussis vaccine that successfully completed a phase 1 safety trial. This article describes the induction of unconventional suppressor T cells-producing ADO by MDDCs exposed to BPZE1 (BPZE1-DC) through distinct ectoenzymatic pathways that limit the damaging effect of inflammation. BPZE1-DC induces CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes to express 2 sets of ectoenzymes generating ADO: 1 set is part of the conventional CD39/CD73 pathway, which uses ATP as substrate, whereas the other is part of the CD38/CD203a/CD73 pathway and metabolizes NAD+. The contribution of the ADO-generating ectoenzymes in the regulatory response was shown by: 1) selective inhibition of the enzymatic activities of CD39, CD73, and CD38; 2) the ability of suppressor T cells to convert exogenously added ATP and NAD+ to ADO; and 3) a positive correlation between ectoenzyme expression, ADO levels, and suppression abilities. Thus, T lymphocytes activated by BPZE1-DC shift to a suppressor stage, through the expression of ectoenzyme networks, and are able to convert extracellular nucleotides into ADO, which may explain the potent anti-inflammatory properties of BPZE1 observed in several murine models.
Impact of Bleomycin and Vincristine Dose Reductions in Patients With Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With BEACOPP: An Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD12 and HD15 Trials
Authors: Haverkamp Heinz , Böll Boris , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Sasse Stephanie , Fuchs Michael , Borchmann Peter , Diehl Volker , Engert Andreas , von Tresckow Bastian 
Published: June 2015

PurposeThe role of bleomycin and vincristine in the treatment of patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is unclear, and the impact of dose reductions of these drugs on outcome and tolerability has not been systematically assessed. Because both drugs can cause significant toxicity and are frequently discontinued, we performed an analysis of patients with HL treated with BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) in the German Hodgkin Study Group HD12 and HD15 trials.Patients and MethodsCharacteristics and outcome of patients were analyzed with respect to discontinuation of bleomycin and/or vincristine.ResultsWith 3,309 patients with HL analyzed, bleomycin was discontinued in 17.6% and vincristine in 32.6%. A total of 157 patients (4.7%) received ≤ four cycles of bleomycin, and 218 (6.6%) received ≤ three cycles of vincristine; these were compared with patients receiving > four cycles of bleomycin or > three cycles of vincristine, respectively. After a median follow-up of 59 and 67 months for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively, there was no significant difference in PFS or OS in patients receiving ≤ or > four cycles of bleomycin (5-year PFS difference, 1.7%; 95% CI, −4.2% to 7.6%; 5-year OS difference, 1.5%; 95% CI, −2.6% to 5.5%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in patients receiving ≤ or > three cycles of vincristine (5-year PFS difference, −1.3%; 95% CI, −5.6% to 3.1%; 5-year OS difference, −0.1%; 95% CI, −3.1% to 2.9%).ConclusionBleomycin and vincristine discontinuation because of drug-specific adverse effects does not affect the efficacy of treatment in this setting.