bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level and change of bullying behavior during high school: A multilevel growth curve analysis
Authors: Nocentini Annalaura , Menesini Ersilia , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe development of bullying behavior was examined across three years in a sample of 515 adolescents (46% females) from 41 classrooms. At time 1, the students were in grades 9 and 10 (mean age = 14.5 years; SD = .54). Results of a multilevel growth model showed that both baseline level and change of bullying varied significantly across individuals as well as across classrooms. At the individual level, gender, aggression and competition for social dominance were related with baseline level of bullying. Competition for social dominance and class change were additionally associated with increases in bullying over time. At the classroom level, pro‐bullying behaviors were associated with higher baseline level of bullying, whereas anti‐bullying behaviors with decreases in bullying over time. Finally, a cross‐level interaction underlined that the link between aggression and bullying was moderated by the pro‐bullying behaviors within each class. Results are discussed according to the child by environment perspective.
HAMILTON SEQUENCES FOR EXTREMAL QUASICONFORMAL MAPPINGS OF DOUBLY-CONNECTED DOMAINS
Authors: YAO GUOWU 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLet $T(S)$ be the Teichmüller space of a hyperbolic Riemann surface $S$. Suppose that $\mu $ is an extremal Beltrami differential at a given point $\tau $ of $T(S)$ and $\{ {\phi }_{n} \} $ is a Hamilton sequence for $\mu $. It is an open problem whether the sequence $\{ {\phi }_{n} \} $ is always a Hamilton sequence for all extremal differentials in $\tau $. S. Wu [‘Hamilton sequences for extremal quasiconformal mappings of the unit disk’, Sci. China Ser. A 42 (1999), 1033–1042] gave a positive answer to this problem in the case where $S$ is the unit disc. In this paper, we show that it is also true when $S$ is a doubly-connected domain.
Sinus involvement in breast cancer: case report
Authors: Walker D T , Barbur S , Mathew R , Hern J 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:To report a rare and unique presentation of metastatic breast cancer.Method:Case report and review of related literature.Results:A 62-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer, who had been free from recurrence for 4 years, presented with diplopia secondary to lateral rectus palsy. This was due to a sphenoid sinus metastasis, which was eroding into her cavernous sinus, resulting in VIth cranial nerve neuropathy.Conclusion:All paranasal sinuses and the orbit are potential sites for metastases. Spread to the paranasal sinuses from breast cancer has been documented previously. However, we believe this to be the only reported case with lateral rectus palsy as a result of metastasis to the sphenoid sinus in which this was the only evidence of disseminated disease. Otolaryngology clinicians need to consider metastatic disease to the sinuses in patients with a history of neoplasia, but also recognise that tamoxifen treatment can itself cause visual disturbance.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hutton P. , Taylor P. J. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundClinical equipoise regarding preventative treatments for psychosis has encouraged the development and evaluation of psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, examining the evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-informed treatment for preventing psychosis in people who are not taking antipsychotic medication, when compared to usual or non-specific control treatment. Included studies had to meet basic quality criteria, such as concealed and random allocation to treatment groups.ResultsOur search produced 1940 titles, out of which we found seven completed trials (six published). The relative risk (RR) of developing psychosis was reduced by more than 50% for those receiving CBT at every time point [RR at 6 months 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27–0.82, p = 0.008 (fixed-effects only: six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), n = 800); RR at 12 months 0.45, 95% CI 0.28–0.73, p = 0.001 (six RCTs, n = 800); RR at 18–24 months 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.72, p = 0.002 (four RCTs, n = 452)]. Heterogeneity was low in every analysis and the results were largely robust to the risk of an unpublished 12-month study having unfavourable results. CBT was also associated with reduced subthreshold symptoms at 12 months, but not at 6 or 18–24 months. No effects on functioning, symptom-related distress or quality of life were observed. CBT was not associated with increased rates of clinical depression or social anxiety (two studies).ConclusionsCBT-informed treatment is associated with a reduced risk of transition to psychosis at 6, 12 and 18–24 months, and reduced symptoms at 12 months. Methodological limitations and recommendations for trial reporting are discussed.
The Traffic in Glands
Authors: Devecka Martin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe story that beavers self-castrate when cornered by hunters appears in a range of Roman sources, both poetry and prose, from the end of the Republic onward. This myth is a product of the rôle that ‘beaver testicles’ played in Roman luxury trade and medicine. At the same time, it serves as a literary figure for the fraught relations between Rome and the provinces from which these, and other, luxury goods were imported.
Low burrow occupancy and breeding success of burrowing petrels at Gough Island: a consequence of mouse predation
Authors: CUTHBERT RICHARD J. , LOUW HENK , LURLING JEROEN , PARKER GRAHAM , REXER-HUBER KALINKA , SOMMER ERICA , VISSER PAUL , RYAN PETER G. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe predatory behaviour of introduced house mice Mus musculus at Gough Island is known to impact on albatross and petrels, resulting in the Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena and Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta being listed as “Critically Endangered” and “Endangered”, respectively. Although predation has been documented for two burrowing petrels and one albatross species, the impact of house mice on other burrowing petrels on Gough Island is unknown. We report burrow occupancy and breeding success of Atlantic Petrels, Soft-plumaged Petrels Pterodroma mollis, Broad-billed Prions Pachyptila vittata, Grey Petrels Procellaria cinerea and Great Shearwaters Puffinus gravis. With the exception of the Great Shearwater, breeding parameters of burrowing petrels at Gough Island were very poor, with low burrow occupancy (range 4–42%) and low breeding success (0–44%) for four species, and high rates of chick mortality in Atlantic Petrel burrows. Breeding success decreased with mass, suggesting that smaller species are hardest hit, and winter-breeding species had lower breeding success than summer breeders. The results indicate that introduced house mice are having a detrimental impact on a wider range of species than previously recorded and are likely to be causing population declines among most burrowing petrels on Gough Island. The very low values of burrow occupancy recorded for Soft-plumaged Petrels and Broad-billed Prions and greatly reduced abundance of burrowing petrels in comparison to earlier decades indicate that Gough Island’s formerly abundant petrel populations are greatly threatened by the impact of predatory house mice which can only be halted by the eradication of this species from the island.
THE UNIVERSAL KUMMER CONGRUENCES
Authors: HONG SHAOFANG , ZHAO JIANRONG , ZHAO WEI 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLet $p$ be a prime. In this paper, we present a detailed $p$-adic analysis on factorials and double factorials and their congruences. We give good bounds for the $p$-adic sizes of the coefficients of the divided universal Bernoulli number ${B}_{n} / n$ when $n$ is divisible by $p- 1$. Using these, we then establish the universal Kummer congruences modulo powers of a prime $p$ for the divided universal Bernoulli numbers ${B}_{n} / n$ when $n$ is divisible by $p- 1$.
The odor of Osmanthus fragrans attenuates food intake
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Inui Tadashi , Tsuji Tadataka 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOdors have been shown to exert an influence on various physiological and behavioral activities. However, little is known whether or not odor stimulation directly affects the levels of feeding-related neuropeptides. Here we show that the neural transmission by Osmanthus fragrans (OSM) decreased the mRNA expression of orexigenic neuropeptides, such as agouti-related protein, neuropeptide Y, melanin-concentrating hormone and prepro-orexin, while increased anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and proopiomelanocortin in rats. The decreased number of orexin-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus coincided well with the OSM-induced decreases in the expression of prepro-orexin mRNA. This study demonstrates that the OSM odor, which is known to have a mild sedative effect, decreases the motivation to eat, food intake and body weight, accompanied by sluggish masticatory movements. The data suggest that these effects are due to suppression of orexigenic neuropeptides and activation of anorexigenic neuropeptides in the hypothalamus.
Using rapid assessment and response to operationalise physical activity strategic health communication campaigns in Tonga
Authors: Turk Tahir , Latu Netina , Cocker‐Palu Elizabeth , Liavaa Villiami , Vivili Paul , Gloede Sara , Simons Allison 
Published: March 2013

Issues addressedThe aim of the present study was to identify stakeholder and program beneficiary needs and wants in relation to a netball communication strategy in Tonga. In addition, the study aimed to more clearly identify audience segments for targeting of communication campaigns and to identify any barriers or benefits to engaging in the physical activity program.MethodsA rapid assessment and response (RAR) methodology was used. The elicitation research encompassed qualitative fieldwork approaches, including semistructured interviews with key informants and focus group discussions with program beneficiaries. Desk research of secondary data sources supported in‐field findings.ResultsA number of potential barriers to behavioural compliance existed, including cultural factors, gender discrimination, socioeconomic factors, stigmatising attitudes, the threat of domestic violence, infrastructure and training issues. Factors contributing to participation in physical activity included the fun and social aspects of the sport, incentives (including career opportunities, highlighting the health benefits of the activity and the provision of religious and cultural sanctions by local leaders towards the increased physical activity of women.ConclusionsThe consultative approach of RAR provided a more in‐depth understanding of the need for greater levels of physical activity and opportunities for engagement by all stakeholders. The approach facilitated opportunities for the proposed health behaviours to be realised through the communication strategy. Essential insights for the strategy design were identified from key informants, as well as ensuring future engagement of these stakeholders into the strategy.So what?The expanded use of RAR to inform the design of social marketing interventions is a practical approach to data collection for non‐communicable diseases and other health issues in developing countries. The approach allows for the rapid mobilisation of scarce resources for the implementation of more strategic, targeted communication campaigns to support behavioural changes.
Language, nation and citizenship: Contrast, conflict and convergence in Estonia's debate with the international community
Authors: Hogan-Brun Gabrielle , Wright Sue 
Published: March 2013

This paper investigates the clash of (language) ideologies in Estonia in the post-Communist period. In an analysis of changing Western recommendations and Estonian responses during the transition of Estonia from Soviet Socialist Republic to independent state, we trace the development of the discourses on language and citizenship rights. Different conceptions of the nation-state and of how citizenship is acquired, together with different approaches to human rights, led to disagreement between Estonian political elites and the political actors attached to international institutions. In particular, the Soviet demographic legacy posed problems.We use a context-sensitive approach that takes account of human agency, political intervention, power, and authority in the formation of (national) language ideologies and policies. We find that the complexities of cultural and contextual differences were often ignored and misunderstood by both parties and that in their exchanges the two sides appeared to subscribe to ideal philosophical positions. In the following two decades both sides repositioned themselves and appeared to accommodate to the opposing view. In deconstructing the role of political intervention pressing for social and political inclusion and in documenting the profound feeling of victimhood that remained as a legacy from the Soviet period and the bargain that was struck, we hope to contribute to a deeper understanding of the language ideological debates surrounding the post-Communist nation-(re)building process.
Distal Acquired Demyelinating Symmetric Neuropathy After Vaccination
Authors: Gable Karissa L. , Afshari Zahra , Sufit Robert L. , Allen Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Neuropathy after vaccination is a rare event. Chronic immune-mediated polyneuropathy developing in the postvaccination period is distinctly unusual and not well described. Almost all such patients have been reported as having typical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy, unlike classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, is characterized by distally predominant sensory symptoms with no or mild distal weakness. We describe the clinical, laboratory, and neurophysiological findings of 2 patients who developed distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy after vaccination. Immunomodulatory therapy led to clinical improvement in both cases. The literature is reviewed with attention to the clinical features of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies that follow vaccination.
Phenotypic Variation and Long‐Term Outcome in Children With Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Rawat Dinesh , Kelly Deirdre A. , Milford David V. , Sharif Khalid , Lloyd Carla , McKiernan Patrick J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) and Caroli syndrome are frequently associated with renal cystic diseases. They have a variable clinical course, and the natural history is not well defined despite molecular advances. Our study describes the clinical manifestations and long‐term outcome in children with this disorder.Methods:A retrospective case review of children with CHF at a single centre diagnosed on the basis of clinical features, radiological and endoscopic evidence of portal hypertension (PHT), and compatible histopathological findings. Children were categorised based on hepatic phenotype—group 1 (Caroli syndrome) and group 2 (CHF). Hepatobiliary as well as renal manifestations were recorded at presentation, and their evolution followed up until transplant or last follow‐up.Results:There were 40 children (22 boys) with a median age of 1.3 years at clinical presentation. Fourteen of 40 (35%) children presented in the neonatal period with primarily renal disease, of whom 11 (78%) had Caroli syndrome (P = 0.02). Significant PHT with oesophageal varices was seen in 86%, with no difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and varices between Caroli syndrome and CHF. Cholangitis developed in 10 of 40 (25%) and was more common in the Caroli syndrome group (P = 0.009). A higher proportion of children with Caroli syndrome developed chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 and above as compared with CHF (85% vs 42%; P = 0.007). Twelve of 21 (57%) and 8 of 19 (42%) children in the Caroli syndrome and CHF groups required either combined liver‐kidney or isolated liver transplant, with the most common indication for renal transplantation being end‐stage renal disease (CKD5d) with or without advanced PHT or cholangitis. All 14 (100%) children with neonatal presentation developed CKD5d and required combined liver‐kidney transplant before 14 years of age, whereas 77% of children presenting beyond the neonatal period survived without liver‐kidney transplant (P < 0.001). Neonatal presentation was the best predictor of the need for transplant.Conclusions:Caroli syndrome is more likely to present in the neonatal period and these patients are more likely to develop CKD5d. CKD stage 3 or above with recurrent cholangitis is more common in Caroli syndrome presenting beyond the neonatal period and adds to the significant morbidity in these patients. Children presenting in the neonatal period have a more severe phenotype and should be considered early for combined liver‐kidney transplant.
Serum Bilirubin Level Is Inversely Associated With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Children
Authors: Puri Kanika , Nobili Valerio , Melville Katherine , Corte Claudia D. , Sartorelli Maria R. , Lopez Rocio , Feldstein Ariel E. , Alkhouri Naim 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progression to the more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in children. We aimed to study the clinical correlation between bilirubin, a potent endogenous antioxidant with cytoprotective properties, and histopathological findings in pediatric patients with NAFLD.Methods:We included consecutive children with biopsy‐proven NAFLD and obtained demographic, clinical, and histopathological data. We performed logistic regression analysis to assess the clinical factors associated with the histological features of NASH or fibrosis.Results:From a total of 302 biopsies, 67% (203) had evidence of NASH, whereas 64.2% had some degree of fibrosis (stage 1 in 51%, stage 2 in 6.3%, and stage 3 in 6.6%). Mean total bilirubin was significantly lower in the NASH group compared with the non‐NASH group (0.65 ± 0.24 vs 0.73 ± 0.22 mg/dL, P = 0.007). Higher total bilirubin levels were negatively correlated with the presence of steatosis and the NAFLD activity score (P < 0.05), whereas a trend in that direction was observed for presence of fibrosis and inflammation (P = 0.051). On multivariable analysis, higher bilirubin levels were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of a histological diagnosis of NASH on biopsy (odds ratio 0.29, 95% CI 0.10–0.85, P = 0.024).Conclusions:In children with NAFLD, there is an inverse relation between serum bilirubin levels and the presence of NASH on biopsy. This may be secondary to the antioxidant effect of bilirubin.
Application and Limitations of Transient Liver Elastography in Children
Authors: Goldschmidt Imeke , Streckenbach Carolin , Dingemann Carmen , Pfister Eva Doreen , di Nanni André , Zapf Antonia , Baumann Ulrich 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Transient elastography (TE) using the FibroScan has gained popularity recently for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. Data on its use in children younger than 6 years are still scarce, and the influence of technical aspects such as probe choice and site of measurement on FibroScan results is not clear. Our study aims to clarify some technical issues concerning the use of the FibroScan in children and to deliver normal FibroScan values for reference.Methods:TE was performed in 527 children (229 girls, ages 0.1–17.8 [median 6.0] years, including 400 healthy controls). Feasibility of different sites of measurements, paired comparison of probe settings, and pre‐ and postprandial measurements were systematically performed. Sedated versus unsedated measurements were compared in age‐ and sex‐matched cohorts.Results:Success rate of TE in our population was 90%, but decreased to 83% in children younger than 24 months even in ideal conditions. General anesthesia significantly increased liver stiffness in healthy children (5.4 [3–9.5] vs 4.2 [2.8–8.15] kPa; P < 0.01). Probe choice equally influenced results in paired comparisons (S1 5.5 [3.5–17.9] vs S2 4.8 [2.1–15.4] kPa; P < 0.01), as did food intake (5.9 [3.6–75] vs 5.4 [3.6–63.9] kPa; P = 0.015). Inter‐ and intraobserver agreements were good. Normal liver stiffness was 4.5 (2.5–8.9) kPa and did not vary significantly with age or sex.Conclusions:TE is feasible even in extremely young children, but confounding influences on test results such as probe choice, sedation, or food intake need to be taken into account when interpreting results.
Recent Advances in the Molecular and Genetic Understanding of Congenital Gastrointestinal Malformations
Authors: Dauvé Véronique , McLin Valérie A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMajor developmental paradigms are highly conserved among vertebrates. The contribution of developmental biology to the understanding of human disease and regeneration has soared recently. We review advances in the molecular and genetic understanding of gastrointestinal development using evidence from both mammalian and nonmammalian models. When appropriate, we highlight relevance and applicability to human disease.
Barrett Esophagus and Esophagojejunal Anastomotic Stenosis as Complications of Esophagogastric Disconnection in Children With Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Gottrand Madeleine , Michaud Laurent , Guimber Dominique , Coopman Stéphanie , Sfeir Rony , Bonnevalle Michel , Leteurtre Emmanuelle , Gottrand Frédéric 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTTotal esophagogastric disconnection (TED) is an alternative surgical procedure in resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease. We report 2 severe, not yet described long‐term complications of TED occurring in 4 children with a history of esophageal atresia. Three children presented with stenosis of the esophagojejunal anastomosis 5 months to 9 years after TED, requiring repeated dilations associated with mitomycin C application in one of them. Barrett esophagus was observed in 3 children 8 to 9 years after TED. Careful long‐term clinical and endoscopic follow‐up of children who underwent TED is required.
A metabolic perspective on competition and body size reductions with warming
Authors: Reuman Daniel C. , Holt Robert D. , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel 
Published: March 2013

SummaryTemperature is a key driver of ecological processes and patterns. The ramifications of temperature for ecological communities include not only its direct effects on the physiology of individuals, but also how these effects play out in the context of other processes such as competition.Apparently idiosyncratic or difficult to predict effects of temperature on competitive outcomes are well represented in the literature. General theoretical understanding of how physiological influences of temperature filter through community dynamics to determine outcomes is limited.We present a theoretical framework for predicting the effects of temperature on competition among species, based on understanding the effects of temperature on the physiological and population parameters of the species. The approach helps unify formal resource competition theory with metabolic and physiological ecology.Phytoplankton and many other ectotherms are smaller at higher temperatures. This has been observed experimentally, across geographical gradients, and as change accompanying climate warming, but it has not been explained in terms of competition. As a case study, we apply our theoretical framework to competition for nutrients among differently sized phytoplankton.Based on this analysis, we hypothesize that the prevalence of smaller phytoplankton at higher temperatures is at least partly due to an accentuated competitive advantage of smaller cells at higher temperatures with respect to nutrient uptake and growth. We examine the scope for extending the approach to understand resource competition, generally, among ectotherms of different sizes.