bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen uptake response to cycle ergometry in post‐acute stroke patients with different severity of hemiparesis
Authors: Chen Chun‐Kai , Weng Ming‐Cheng , Chen Tien‐Wen , Huang Mao‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact of severity of hemiparesis on oxygen uptake response in post‐acute stroke patients. Sixty‐four patients with a mean poststroke interval of 8.6 ± 3.8 days underwent a ramp cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycling ergometer to volitional termination. Mean peak and work efficiency were measured by open‐circuit spirometry during standard upright ergometer cycling. Severity of the hemiparetic lower limb was assessed by Brunnstrom's motor recovery stages lower extremity (BMRSL). was 10% lower in hemiparetic leg with BMRSL V than in that with BMRSL VI, 20% lower in BMRSL IV, and 50% lower in BMRSL III. was higher for the group with increased BMRSL. The relations were consistent after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, stroke type, hemiparetic side, modified Ashworth Scale, time poststroke, comorbidities, and medications. Our findings revealed that O2peak is dependent on the severity of hemiparesis in leg, and along with ΔO2/ΔWR closely related to the severity of hemiparesis in post‐acute stroke patients, regardless of the types and locations of lesion after stroke, as well as the differences in comorbidities and medications.
Contradictions in Creating a Jihadi Capital: Sokoto in the Nineteenth Century and Its Legacy
Authors: Last Murray 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:The Sokoto caliphate in nineteenth-century northern Nigeria was an astonishing episode in the history of Africa: a huge, prosperous polity that created unity where none had existed before. Yet today its history is underexplored, sometimes ignored or even disparaged, both within Nigeria and in Europe and the U.S. Yet that history is extraordinary. Sokoto town was, and still is, an anomaly within Hausaland; built speedily on a “green-field” site as both a trading and a political center for the caliphate, it is a site of pilgrimage that to this day remains a rural town with no monumental buildings or fine edifices. As a by-product of a religious movement (jihad), Sokoto thus represents many of the dilemmas that faced and still face radically reforming Islamic groups if they expand rapidly and go to war. Thus Sokoto history remains deeply significant for modern Nigeria.
A Macro-Level Analysis of the Scope, Causes, and Consequences of Homophobia in Africa
Authors: Ireland Patrick R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:Although Africa has gained a reputation as one of the world’s most homophobic areas, there are cross-national differences in the extent and intensity of antigay laws. This article assesses the factors that have been advanced in the literature —albeit unsystematically and often mostly implicitly—to explain the observed patterns of homophobia: conservative religious beliefs, delayed political and economic development and resistance to globalization, political leadership strategies, and the legacy of colonialism. It argues that a more robust analysis suggests that a British colonial past, a large Muslim population, and the absence of economic freedom and openness explain at least one-third of the variance in sodomy laws. This finding has implications for efforts to fight African homophobia.
The Origins of Senegalese Homophobia: Discourses on Homosexuals and Transgender People in Colonial and Postcolonial Senegal
Authors: M’Baye Babacar 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:This article traces the history of homosexual and transgender behavior in Senegal from colonial times to the contemporary period in order to demonstrate the flimsiness of the claims, made by many political and religious leaders and scholars, that homosexuality is “un-African.” Such claims, which appear as reactions to neocolonialism and Western intervention in African affairs, usually are homophobic discourses that invoke patriotism, cultural difference, and morality in order to justify the subjugation of homosexual and gender nonconforming individuals (goor-jiggens) living in Senegal. In an attempt to understand the roots of Senegalese homophobia, the article analyzes several depictions of homosexuals and transgender people in contemporary Senegal and traces them to similar representations in European writings of the colonial period. As this approach reveals, homosexuals and transgender people in Senegal, from colonial times to the present, have been constructed as scapegoats, first of the French mission civilisatrice (civilizing mission) and then of Senegalese political and Islamic backlashes. Although they have always cohabited with the rest of the society, homosexuals and transgender people in Senegal have been treated largely as strangers in their own land. By analyzing the discourses of both French colonials and Senegalese, one finds a persistent binary opposing the West and Africa and denigrating sexual and gender variances and subcultures in Senegal as pathological European imports.
Remembering Work on the Tazara Railway in Africa and China, 1965–2011: When “New Men” Grow Old
Authors: Monson Jamie 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:In China, Tanzania, and Zambia, state officials participate in an ongoing articulation of official memory of the TAZARA railway project of the 1970s. In high-level diplomatic relations, the TAZARA project and its construction workers are continually held up as a foundational legacy for China–African development cooperation and friendship. However, the now-retired workers who built the railway tell very different kinds of stories about their experiences. In the context of recent economic liberalization policies, retired TAZARA workers draw on individual and collective memories of railway building to achieve both recognition and material security in a world in which they feel forgotten. They seek resolution of their grievances in old age through the telling and retelling of narratives of their youth. By doing so, they claim their own right to remember in the face of ongoing official efforts to reinvent heroic pasts.
Implications of the 2012 U.S. Election for U.S. Policy in Africa’s Great Lakes Region
Authors: Nzongola-Ntalaja Georges 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:While Africans are generally satisfied that a person of African descent was reelected to the White House following a campaign in which vicious and racist attacks were made against him, the U.S. Africa policy under President Barack Obama will continue to be guided by the strategic interests of the United States, which are not necessarily compatible with the popular aspirations for democracy, peace, and prosperity in Africa. Obama’s policy in the Great Lakes region provides an excellent illustration of this point. Since Rwanda and Uganda are Washington’s allies in the “war against terror” in Darfur and Somalia, respectively, the Obama administration has done little to stop Kigali and Kampala from destabilizing the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and looting its natural resources, either directly or through proxies. Rwanda and Uganda have even been included in an international oversight mechanism that is supposed to guide governance and security sector reforms in the DRC, but whose real objective is to facilitate Western access to the enormous natural wealth of the Congo and the Great Lakes region.
Chinese Devils, the Global Market, and the Declining Power of Togo’s Nana-Benzes
Authors: Sylvanus Nina 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:This article examines the shifting representations of and discourses produced about Chinese salesmen and their collaborators in the small West African nation of Togo. It suggests that in this context representations of China’s so-called New Scramble for Africa are troublesome, namely because they tend to silence the role of Togolese women traders as producers and as central historical and economic subjects in the making of a postcolonial commodity chain for printed African textiles. In so doing the article questions standard economic theories of global market forces, debunks stereotypes regarding the Chinese advance in West African markets, and challenges assumptions about the vulnerability of African societies.
Ghana, China, and the Politics of Energy
Authors: Rupp Stephanie 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:Since the discovery of the Jubilee oil field in the Gulf of Guinea in 2007, Ghana has emerged as an oil-rich nation and emerging exporter of high-quality crude oil. Simultaneously the energy supplies available to Ghanaian citizens in everyday life have become increasingly unreliable, marked by persistent rolling blackouts. This article seeks to understand the complex relationship that has developed between Ghana and China, to illuminate Ghanaian perspectives on their energy needs, and to investigate how energy has become entangled in national politics and bilateral relations between Ghana and China.
Hierarchies of chaotic maps on continua
Authors: HOEHN LOGAN , MOURON CHRISTOPHER 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet $f: X\longrightarrow X$ be a map of a continuum. In this paper we examine the following dynamical conditions on $f$: (1) $f$ is continuum-wise fully expansive; (2) $f$ is weakly continuum-wise fully expansive; (3) $f$ is mixing; (4) $f$ is weakly mixing. We first show that (1) implies (2), (2) implies (3) and (3) implies (4). Then we investigate what topological conditions will force the reverse implications to hold and give examples of when the reverse conditions do not hold. In particular, a map of the universal dendrite is given that is weakly mixing but not mixing.
Subword complexity and Sturmian colorings of regular trees
Authors: KIM DONG HAN , LIM SEONHEE 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this article, we discuss subword complexity of colorings of regular trees. We characterize colorings of bounded subword complexity and study Sturmian colorings, which are colorings of minimal unbounded subword complexity. We classify Sturmian colorings using their type sets. We show that any Sturmian coloring is a lifting of a coloring on a quotient graph of the tree which is a geodesic or a ray, with loops possibly attached, thus a lifting of an ‘infinite word’. We further give a complete characterization of the quotient graph for eventually periodic colorings.
Using African Names to Identify the Origins of Captives in the Transatlantic Slave Trade: Crowd-Sourcing and the Registers of Liberated Africans, 1808–1862
Authors: Anderson Richard , Borucki Alex , Domingues da Silva Daniel , Eltis David , Lachance Paul , Misevich Philip , Ojo Olatunji 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBetween 1808 and 1862, officers primarily from the British navy liberated approximately 175,000 enslaved Africans from transatlantic slavers. Information on more than half of this group has survived in bound ledger books. Based on the assessment of extant data for more than 92,000 Liberated Africans whose information was copied in at times duplicate and triplicate form in both London- and Freetown-based registers, this essay explores the pitfalls and possibilities associated with using theRegisters for Liberated Africansas sources for historical analysis of the slave trade. The article explains the relationship of multiple copies of the registers to each other, demonstrates the link between the African names they contain and ethnolinguistic identities, argues for crowd-sourcing – drawing on the knowledge of the diasporic public and not just scholars – and, finally, shows the importance of such an approach for pre-colonial African history.
Available potential energy in Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Hughes Graham O. , Gayen Bishakhdatta , Griffiths Ross W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe mechanical energy budget for thermally equilibrated Rayleigh–Bénard convection is developed theoretically, with explicit consideration of the role of available potential energy, this being the form in which all the mechanical energy for the flow is supplied. The analysis allows derivation for the first time of a closed analytical expression relating the rate of mixing in symmetric fully developed convection to the rate at which available potential energy is supplied by the thermal forcing. Only about half this supplied energy is dissipated viscously. The remainder is consumed by mixing acting to homogenize the density field. This finding is expected to apply over a wide range of Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers for which the Nusselt number is significantly greater than unity. Thus convection at large Rayleigh number involves energetically efficient mixing of density variations. In contrast to conventional approaches to Rayleigh–Bénard convection, the dissipation of temperature or density variance is shown not to be of direct relevance to the mechanical energy budget. Thus, explicit recognition of available potential energy as the source of mechanical energy for convection, and of both mixing and viscous dissipation as the sinks of this energy, could be of further use in understanding the physics.
Local Stellar Kinematics from RAVE Data: IV. Solar Neighbourhood Age–Metallicity Relation
Authors: Duran Ş. , Ak S. , Bilir S. , Karaali S. , Ak T. , Bostancı Z. F. , Coşkunoğlu B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe investigated the age–metallicity relation using a sample of 5691 F- and G-type dwarfs from RAdial Velocity Experiment Data Release 3 (RAVE DR3) by applying several constraints. (i) We selected stars with surface gravities log g(cm s−2) ≥ 3.8 and effective temperatures in the $5310\le T_{\text{eff}}\text{(K)}\le 7300$ range and obtained a dwarf sample. (ii) We plotted the dwarfs in metallicity sub-samples in the $T_{\text{eff}}\text{--}(J-K_s)_0$ plane to compare with the corresponding data of González Hernández & Bonifacio (2009) and identified the ones in agreement. (iii) We fitted the reduced dwarf sample obtained from constraints (i) and (ii) to the Padova isochrones and re-identified those which occupy the plane defined by isochrones with ages t ≤ 13 Gyr. (iv) Finally, we omitted dwarfs with total velocity errors larger than 10.63 km s−1. We estimated the ages using the Bayesian procedure of Jørgensen & Lindegren (2005). The largest age–metallicity slope was found for early F-type dwarfs. We found steeper slopes when we plotted the data as a function of spectral type rather than Galactic population. We noticed a substantial scatter in metallicity distribution at all ages. The metal-rich old dwarfs turned out to be G-type stars which can be interpreted as they migrated from the inner disc or bulge.
Dental histology of mosasaurs and a marine crocodylian from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Sweden: incremental growth lines and dentine formation rates
Authors: GREN JOHAN A. , LINDGREN JOHAN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMosasaurs are an extinct group of secondarily adapted aquatic lizards that became the dominant marine tetrapods in the Late Cretaceous oceans. They continuously shed and replaced their teeth in order to maintain a functional dentition at all times; however, the process of tooth development in mosasaurs is still incompletely known. Based on incremental line width measurements and growth line counts, we assess dentine formation rates in three mosasaur taxa (Dollosaurus, cf.PlatecarpusandTylosaurus) and one genus of marine crocodylian (Aigialosuchus), all from the lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of southernmost Sweden. Two sets of periodic dentinal markings characterized by concentric, alternating opaque and transparent laminae are recognized: one set comprising thin bands situated 6–34 μm apart (depending on taxon), which is superimposed onto a second set of coarser bands where spaces vary between 102 and 275 μm. Assuming that the finer striations represent daily increments (i.e. lines of von Ebner), it is estimated that the deposition of dentine at the sectioned level of the tooth-crowns took 342 (cf.Platecarpus), 426 (Dollosaurus), 487 (Tylosaurus) and 259 (Aigialosuchus) days, respectively. The coarser bands contain between 11 and 13 thin striations each, and are thus considered to be homologous to similar periodic dentinal markings in extant vertebrates, i.e. Andresen lines. Prolonged tooth development times in large-toothed taxa, such asTylosaurus, presumably increased the risk of long-term incapacity to capture prey after dental trauma, an evolutionary trade-off which may have been compensated for by allometric modifications of the teeth.
IDEALS AND FINITENESS CONDITIONS FOR SUBSEMIGROUPS
Authors: GRAY R. , MALTCEV V. , MITCHELL J. D. , RUŠKUC N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper we consider a number of finiteness conditions for semigroups related to their ideal structure, and ask whether such conditions are preserved by sub- or supersemigroups with finite Rees or Green index. Specific properties under consideration include stability,$\mathcal{D}=\mathcal{J}$and minimal conditions on ideals.
A NOTE ON MEASURE HOMOLOGY
Authors: FRIGERIO ROBERTO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMeasure homology was introduced by Thurston (W. P. Thurston, The geometry and topology of 3-manifolds, mimeographed notes (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1979)) in order to compute the simplicial volume of hyperbolic manifolds. Berlanga (R. Berlanga, A topologised measure homology, Glasg. Math. J. 50 (2008), 359–369) endowed measure homology with the structure of a graded, locally convex (possibly non-Hausdorff) topological vector space. In this paper we completely characterize Berlanga's topology on measure homology of CW-complexes, showing in particular that it is Hausdorff. This answers a question posed by Berlanga.
PROJECTIONS OF HYPERSURFACES IN ℝ4 WITH BOUNDARY TO PLANES
Authors: MARTINS LUCIANA F. , NABARRO ANA CLAUDIA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study orthogonal projections of generic embedded hypersurfaces in ℝ4 with boundary to 2-spaces. Therefore, we classify simple map germs from ℝ3 to the plane of codimension less than or equal to 4 with the source containing a distinguished plane which is preserved by coordinate changes. We also go into some detail on their geometrical properties in order to recognize the cases of codimension less than or equal to 1.
LIE METABELIAN SKEW ELEMENTS IN GROUP RINGS
Authors: LEE GREGORY T. , SPINELLI ERNESTO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet F be a field of characteristic p ≠ 2 and G a group without 2-elements having an involution ∗. Extend the involution linearly to the group ring FG, and let (FG)− denote the set of skew elements with respect to ∗. In this paper, we show that if G is finite and (FG)− is Lie metabelian, then G is nilpotent. Based on this result, we deduce that if G is torsion, p > 7 and (FG)− is Lie metabelian, then G must be abelian. Exceptions are constructed for smaller values of p.
STRICTLY SINGULAR PERTURBATION OF ALMOST SEMI-FREDHOLM LINEAR RELATIONS IN NORMED SPACES
Authors: ÁLVAREZ T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notions of almost upper semi-Fredholm and strictly singular pairs of subspaces and show that the class of almost upper semi-Fredholm pairs of subspaces is stable under strictly singular pairs perturbation. We apply this perturbation result to investigate the stability of almost semi-Fredholm multi-valued linear operators in normed spaces under strictly singular perturbation as well as the behaviour of the index under perturbation.
POSITIVE ENERGY REPRESENTATIONS AND CONTINUITY OF PROJECTIVE REPRESENTATIONS FOR GENERAL TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS
Authors: NEEB KARL-HERMANN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLetGandTbe topological groups, α :T→ Aut(G) a homomorphism defining a continuous action ofTonGandG♯:=G⋊αTthe corresponding semidirect product group. In this paper, we address several issues concerning irreducible continuous unitary representations (π♯,${\mathcal{H}}$) ofG♯whose restriction toGremains irreducible. First, we prove that, forT=${\mathbb R}$, this is the case for any irreducible positive energy representation ofG♯, i.e. for which the one-parameter groupUt:= π♯(1,t) has non-negative spectrum. The passage from irreducible unitary representations ofGto representations ofG♯requires that certain projective unitary representations are continuous. To facilitate this verification, we derive various effective criteria for the continuity of projective unitary representations. Based on results of Borchers forW*-dynamical systems, we also derive a characterization of the continuous positive definite functions onGthat extend toG♯.
A DESCENT SPECTRAL SEQUENCE FOR ARBITRARY K(n)-LOCAL SPECTRA WITH EXPLICIT E2-TERM
Authors: DAVIS DANIEL G. , LAWSON TYLER 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet n be any positive integer and p be any prime. Also, let X be any spectrum and let K(n) denote the nth Morava K-theory spectrum. Then we construct a descent spectral sequence with abutment π∗(LK(n)(X)) and E2-term equal to the continuous cohomology of Gn, the extended Morava stabilizer group, with coefficients in a certain discrete Gn-module that is built from various homotopy fixed point spectra of the Morava module of X. This spectral sequence can be contrasted with the K(n)-local En-Adams spectral sequence for π∗(LK(n)(X)), whose E2-term is not known to always be equal to a continuous cohomology group.
Levels of infection of intestinal helminth species in the golden jackal Canis aureus from Serbia
Authors: Ćirović D. , Pavlović I. , Penezić A. , Kulišić Z. , Selaković S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDuring the past decade, golden jackal populations have substantially increased, yet little is known of their potential for transmitting parasites within animal and human hosts. In the present study, between 2005 and 2010, 447 jackals from six localities in Serbia were examined for intestinal parasites. Two species of trematodes (Alaria alata, Pseudamphistomum truncatum), three nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Gongylonema sp.), and seven cestodes (Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena, Multiceps multiceps, Multiceps serialis, Mesocestoides lineatus, Mesocestoides litteratus, Dipylidium caninum) were identified. Pseudamphistomum truncatum and M. serialis species were recorded for the first time. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 10.3%. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of infection between males and females (P>0.817), between localities (P>0.502), or with regard to annual cycles (P>0.502). In the infected jackal population, 65% harboured multiple infections and one individual was a host to five different types of parasite species, the highest number of parasites we recorded in a single host. These findings indicate that although the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in the jackal population in Serbia is significantly lower than expected from earlier studies, further monitoring is required given the jackal's rapid population increase.