bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of computer‐aided diagnosis of high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI in the classification of breast lesions
Authors: Bhooshan Neha , Giger Maryellen , Medved Milica , Li Hui , Wood Abbie , Yuan Yading , Lan Li , Marquez Angelica , Karczmar Greg , Newstead Gillian 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo compare the performance of computer‐aided diagnosis (CADx) analysis of precontrast high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI to that of clinical dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) in the diagnostic classification of breast lesions.Materials and MethodsThirty‐four malignant and seven benign lesions were scanned using two‐dimensional (2D) HiSS and clinical 4D DCE‐MRI protocols. Lesions were automatically segmented. Morphological features were calculated for HiSS, whereas both morphological and kinetic features were calculated for DCE‐MRI. After stepwise feature selection, Bayesian artificial neural networks merged selected features, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated the performance with leave‐one‐lesion‐out validation.ResultsAUC (area under the ROC curve) values of 0.92 ± 0.06 and 0.90 ± 0.05 were obtained using CADx on HiSS and DCE‐MRI, respectively, in the task of classifying benign and malignant lesions. While we failed to show that the higher HiSS performance was significantly better than DCE‐MRI, noninferiority testing confirmed that HiSS was not worse than DCE‐MRI.ConclusionCADx of HiSS (without contrast) performed similarly to CADx on clinical DCE‐MRI; thus, computerized analysis of HiSS may provide sufficient information for diagnostic classification. The results are clinically important for patients in whom contrast agent is contra‐indicated. Even in the limited acquisition mode of 2D single slice HiSS, by using quantitative image analysis to extract characteristics from the HiSS images, similar performance levels were obtained as compared with those from current clinical 4D DCE‐MRI. As HiSS acquisitions become possible in 3D, CADx methods can also be applied. Because HiSS and DCE‐MRI are based on different contrast mechanisms, the use of the two protocols in combination may increase diagnostic accuracy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:59–67. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soluble IL‐2 receptor and beta‐2 microglobulin as possible serologic markers of neurologic disease in HTLV‐1 infection
Authors: Toledo‐Cornell Cristina , Santos Silvane , Orge Gloria , Glesby Marshall J. , Carvalho Edgar M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV‐1) is the causative agent of a variety of neurologic diseases, including HTLV‐1 Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) and overactive bladder. Investigation of immune markers such as soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) and beta‐2 microglobulin (B2M) has shown some promising results in distinguishing patients with neurologic disease from those with carrier status. The objective of the present study was to determine if plasma levels of sIL‐2R and B2M are markers of neurologic disease in individuals infected with HTLV‐1. The present study was divided into two parts. A cross‐sectional study and a nested case control study. In the cross‐sectional study, HAM/TSP patients had higher plasma levels of B2M and sIL‐2R than patients with overactive bladder and HTLV‐1 carriers (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). For the nested case control study, the sIL‐2 receptor test was able to distinguish patients with HAM/TSP from patients in the combined group of carriers and patients with overactive bladder with a sensitivity of 75.8% and false positive rate of 25.4%. Plasma levels of these markers did not change with the development of HAM/TSP and overactive bladder in HTLV‐1 carrier patients. The present study has shown the importance of sIL‐2 receptor in helping identifying HAM/TSP. However, the levels of these makers did not change significantly with the development of neurologic disease. J. Med. Virol. 86:315–321, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of two quantitative real‐time CMV‐PCR tests calibrated against the 1st WHO international standard for viral load monitoring of renal transplant patients
Authors: Mannonen Laura , Loginov Raisa , Helanterä Ilkka , Dumoulin Alexis , Vilchez Regis A. , Cobb Bryan , Hirsch Hans H. , Lautenschlager Irmeli 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in organ transplant recipients is commonly diagnosed by quantitative PCR methods. However, there has been a poor inter‐laboratory correlation of viral load values due to the lack of an international reference standard. In a recent study, the COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® (CAP/CTM) CMV test calibrated to the 1st WHO CMV standard, showed good reproducibility in CMV load values across multiple laboratories. Fifty‐seven follow‐up plasma specimens from 10 kidney transplant recipients with CMV replication were examined using the new quantitative CAP/CTM CMV test and the “in‐house” quantitative CMV real‐time PCR method, also calibrated against the 1st WHO CMV standard for their clinical applicability for monitoring CMV load in renal transplant patients. By CAP/CTM CMV test 49/57 specimens were CMV‐DNA positive compared to 44/57 by the “in‐house” PCR test. The “in‐house” PCR and CAP/CTM CMV test correlated well in monitoring individual kidney transplant patients. Conversion of the CMV‐DNA copies to IUs made the results of the “in‐house” PCR and CAP/CTM CMV test less uniform in analysis of the patient samples. In specimens of one patient, significant underquantification of CMV load with “in‐house” PCR emerged during follow‐up due to a point mutation in the “in‐house” PCR primer sequence. The CAP/CTM CMV test was found suitable for diagnosing and monitoring CMV replication in renal transplant patients. Multicenter studies are needed to provide more information of the commutability of the 1st WHO CMV standard and to define the clinical thresholds. J. Med. Virol. 86:576–584, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation of cross‐reactive human monoclonal antibodies that prevent binding of human noroviruses to histo‐blood group antigens
Authors: Higo‐Moriguchi Kyoko , Shirato Haruko , Someya Yuichi , Kurosawa Yoshikazu , Takeda Naokazu , Taniguchi Koki 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn order to identify the repertoire of antibodies generated on natural infection of norovirus (NoV) in humans, and to characterize the human monoclonal antibodies against NoV, three phage‐displayed antibody libraries originating from healthy person(s) were screened using purified virus‐like particles (VLPs) of strain Narita 104 (r104, genogroup II, genotype 4) or strain Chiba 407 (rCV, genogroup I, genotype 4) as antigens. On screening with r104, 62 clones were isolated. Among these antibodies, two clones, 12A11 and 12B10, showed intra‐genogroup cross‐reactivity to genotypes 1, 3–7, 12, and 14, and genotypes 1, 4, 6, and 7 of genogroup II, respectively. In addition, antibodies belonging to the same group were isolated from two different libraries. On screening with rCV, five clones were isolated, two of which were cross‐reactive. One, CV‐2F5, reacted to genotypes 1–4, and 8 of genogroup I, and the other, CV‐1A5, showed inter‐genogroup cross‐reactivity to all the VLPs employed in this study. The blocking activities of the monoclonal antibodies against the interaction of homotypic VLPs (VLPs used in the panning procedure) with histo‐blood group antigens were also assessed as an alternative to neutralization assay. Although the blocking activity of 12A11 was partially limited 12B10 prevented the binding of r104 to histo‐blood group antigens that had been reported to bind r104. The blocking activity of CV‐2F5 against the attachment of rCV to suitable histo‐blood group antigens was weak, but the blocking activity of CV‐1A5 was well recognized. Thus, 12B10 and CV‐1A5 were suggested to be cross‐reactive monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity. J. Med. Virol. 86:558–567, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards a high‐resolution climatography of seasonal precipitation over Israel
Authors: Rostkier‐Edelstein D. , Liu Y. , Wu W. , Kunin P. , Givati A. , Ge M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with four‐dimensional data assimilation (WRF‐FDDA) to produce a high‐resolution climatography of seasonal precipitation over Israel and the surrounding areas. The system was used to dynamically downscale global Climate Forecast System (CFS) reanalysis with continuous assimilation of conventional and unconventional observations. Precipitation seasons (December‐January‐February) in 7 years, including two extreme dry and wet seasons observed in the past decades, were generated at 2‐km spatial resolution. Verification against rain‐gauge observations shows that the WRF‐FDDA system effectively reproduces the spatial and inter‐annual variability, as well as the timing, intensity, and length of wet and dry spells. The best agreement between model and observations was obtained at areas dominated by complex terrain, illustrating the benefit of the high‐resolution lower boundary forcing in the dynamical downscaling process. In contrast, some biases were observed over coastal‐flat terrain. The model was able to reproduce some of the extreme events, but exhibited limitations in the case of rare events. This specific discrepancy between the model and observations suggests that further fine tuning and different model configurations may be needed to correctly simulate extreme events. The use of an objective weather‐regimes verification procedure reveals the skill of the climatography for different types of extra‐tropical cyclones: while biases are larger at coastal‐flat areas under shallow‐cyclonic conditions, deep‐cyclonic conditions lead to more significant biases in complex terrain regions. The weather‐regimes dependent information may be used for further calibration of the downscaled precipitation.
Perceptual analysis of gray and color scale measurements
Authors: Lee Don‐Gyou , Shin Hongseop , Park Sunhee , Lim Kyongho , Kim Jaehong , Park JongJin , Lim Moojong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRecently, the gamma subcommittee of the International Committee for Display Metrology has adopted various gamma measurement methods in Information Display Measurements Standard. This article describes further tests including perceptual verification of the suggested measurement methods. In order to verify the suggested measurement method, visual assessment has been carried out. The results of visual assessment can be applied to provide gamma distortion threshold values of the suggested metrology in Information Display Measurements Standard.
A Multi‐Structural Model for Prediction of Effective Gas Permeability in Mixed‐Matrix Membranes
Authors: Sabzevari Sadegh Ahmadi , Sadeghi Morteza , Mehrabani‐Zeinabad Arjomand 
Published: September 2013

A new model for prediction of the effective permeability of gases in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), considering the effects of particle shape and the interfacial layer, is presented. The proposed model treats core filler particles and interfacial shell layers as complex particles. Moreover, the Bruggman mathematical procedure is used to improve the accuracy of the presented model for high concentrations of fillers in MMMs. Also, an appropriate uniform criterion is established to make efficient use of the new model for various experimental data to avoid the need for curve‐fitting procedures. Finally, the proposed model is examined for several sets of experimental data.
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Poly(ester urethane) with Varying Polyester Chain Length: Polymorphism and Shape‐Memory Behavior
Authors: Bothe Martin , Emmerling Franziska , Pretsch Thorsten 
Published: September 2013

The swelling, viscoelastic, and mechanical behavior of phase‐segregated poly(ester urethane) (PEU) block copolymers, composed of 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol as a chain extender, and crystallizable poly(1,4‐butylene adipate) (PBA) with molecular weights between 1330 and 4120 g mol−1, are investigated. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) is employed to study the overall PEU crystallinity, which increases from 8.6 to 13.6% at higher PBA contents. The existence of two crystalline, polymorphic PBA phases, a thermodynamically stable α phase and a metastable β phase, is confirmed by further WAXS measurements. Calorimetric and thermomechanical investigations give evidence for controllable PBA polymorphic behavior. The crystallization conditions, like the cooling rate, affect the emerging polymorphic mixture, whereas the storage conditions either promote or inhibit the polymorphic (β to α) transition. The introduced concepts represent a new approach for gaining control over programmable thermo­responsiveness, which may be transferable to other shape‐memory polymers with polymorphic switching segments.
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Facile Preparation of Cobaltocenium‐Containing Polyelectrolyte via Click Chemistry and RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Yan Yi , Zhang Jiuyang , Qiao Yali , Tang Chuanbing 
Published: September 2013

A facile method to prepare cationic cobaltocenium‐containing polyelectrolyte is reported. Cobaltocenium monomer with methacrylate is synthesized by copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction between 2‐azidoethyl methacrylate and ethynylcobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate. Further controlled polymerization is achieved by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) by using cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) as a chain transfer agent. Kinetic study demonstrates the controlled/living process of polymerization. The obtained side‐chain cobaltocenium‐containing polymer is a metal‐containing polyelectrolyte that shows characteristic redox behavior of cobaltocenium.
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Screening symptoms of reactive attachment disorder: evidence for measurement invariance and convergent validity
Authors: Vervoort Eleonora , De Schipper J. Clasien , Bosmans Guy , Verschueren Karine 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Relationship Problems Questionnaire (RPQ) was developed to screen symptoms of the inhibited and disinhibited subtype of reactive attachment disorder (RAD). This study further examines the psychometric properties of the RPQ in children with severe emotional and behavioural problems by testing its measurement invariance across informants and its convergent validity. Parents and teachers of 152 children [mean age (Mage) = 7.92] from 20 schools for special education filled out the RPQ and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). During a home visit in a subsample of 77 children the Disturbances of Attachment Interview (DAI) was administered to the caregiver and the child was observed using an observational schedule for RAD. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed the expected two‐factor structure for both parent and teacher RPQ. Configural and metric invariance, but no scalar invariance, were obtained across informants. Both RPQ‐subscales had acceptable to good internal consistencies and correlated as expected with similar DAI‐subscales. Furthermore, the disinhibited RPQ‐scale related with observations of the child's approach to a stranger. Finally, significant associations were found between the RPQ and the SDQ. Overall, the RPQ has good psychometric qualities as a multi‐informant instrument for RAD‐symptoms in children with severe emotional and behavioural problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multidimensionale Analysedaten
Authors: Haschke Michael 
Published: September 2013

AbstractVerschiedene Analysemethoden, insbesondere spektroskopische Methoden, können ortsempfindliche Informationen liefern. Das ermöglicht nicht nur die Untersuchung kleiner Probenvolumina, sondern auch die Bestimmung von Verteilungen auf größeren Flächen. Damit entstehen mehrdimensionale Datenstrukturen, die neben den Ortskoordinaten auch die Analysedaten enthalten. Diese werden häufig in Form von Verteilungsbildern dargestellt. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert den Einfluss verschiedener Messparameter auf die Qualität der Analysedaten. Der zweite Teil soll dann die Möglichkeiten für eine Objektivierung und Komprimierung der Daten beschreiben (Optik & Photonik 1/2014).
High‐throughput sequencing of T‐cell receptors reveals a homogeneous repertoire of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Emerson Ryan O , Sherwood Anna M , Rieder Mark J , Guenthoer Jamie , Williamson David W , Carlson Christopher S , Drescher Charles W , Tewari Muneesh , Bielas Jason H , Robins Harlan S 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe cellular adaptive immune system mounts a response to many solid tumours mediated by tumour‐infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs). Basic measurements of these TILs, including total count, show promise as prognostic markers for a variety of cancers, including ovarian and colorectal. In addition, recent therapeutic advances are thought to exploit this immune response to effectively fight melanoma, with promising studies showing efficacy in additional cancers. However, many of the basic properties of TILs are poorly understood, including specificity, clonality, and spatial heterogeneity of the T‐cell response. We utilize deep sequencing of rearranged T‐cell receptor beta (TCRB) genes to characterize the basic properties of TILs in ovarian carcinoma. Due to somatic rearrangement during T‐cell development, the TCR beta chain sequence serves as a molecular tag for each T‐cell clone. Using these sequence tags, we assess similarities and differences between infiltrating T cells in discretely sampled sections of large tumours and compare to T cells from peripheral blood. Within the limits of sensitivity of our assay, the TIL repertoires show strong similarity throughout each tumour and are distinct from the circulating T‐cell repertoire. We conclude that the cellular adaptive immune response within ovarian carcinomas is spatially homogeneous and distinct from the T‐cell compartment of peripheral blood. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Morphological Structures, and Material Characterization of Electrospun PLA:PCL/Magnetic Nanoparticle Composites for Drug Delivery
Authors: Haroosh Hazim J. , Dong Yu , Ingram Gordon D. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe effects of pure and impure magnetic nanoparticles (MPs) with three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 wt %/v) on the morphological structure, crystallinity level, thermal properties and constituent interactions of electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA): poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based composites were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and drug release tests using UV–vis spectrophotometry. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), as a typical therapeutic compound, was loaded into these composite fibrous structures to study their application for drug delivery. The infrared spectra of composite nanofibers confirm the successful embedding of MPs into the fibrous networks. The addition of pure MPs increased the solution viscosity and thus promoted the MP dispersion inside the electrospun composite fiber mats. Impure MPs led to considerably lower average fiber diameters, and could generate unique cell structures that were reported for the first time in this study. The accelerated release of TCH was found by adding pure MPs to PLA:PCL blends. This characteristic was reflected in the parameters of Ritger‐Peppas and Zeng models, which were well fitted to our experimental drug release data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1607–1617
Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors in gene therapy: immune challenges and strategies to circumvent them
Authors: Hareendran Sangeetha , Balakrishnan Balaji , Sen Dwaipayan , Kumar Sanjay , Srivastava Alok , Jayandharan Giridhara R. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYAAV‐based gene transfer protocols have shown remarkable success when directed to immune‐privileged sites such as for retinal disorders like Lebers congenital amaurosis. In contrast, AAV‐mediated gene transfer into liver or muscle tissue for diseases such as hemophilia B, α1 anti‐trypsin deficiency and muscular dystrophy has demonstrated a decline in gene transfer efficacy over time. It is now known that in humans, AAV triggers specific pathways that recruit immune sensors. These factors initiate an immediate reaction against either the viral capsid or the vector encoded protein as part of innate immune response or to produce a more specific adaptive response that generates immunological memory. The vector‐transduced cells are then rapidly destroyed due to this immune activation. However, unlike other viral vectors, AAV is not immunogenic in murine models. Its immunogenicity becomes apparent only in large animal models and human subjects. Moreover, humans are natural hosts to AAV and exhibit a high seroprevalence against AAV vectors. This limits the widespread application of AAV vectors into patients with pre‐existing neutralising antibodies or memory T cells. To address these issues, various strategies are being tested. Alternate serotype vectors (AAV1‐10), efficient expression cassettes, specific tissue targeting, immune‐suppression and engineered capsid variants are some approaches proposed to minimise this immune stimulation. In this review, we have summarised the nature of the immune response documented against AAV in various pre‐clinical and clinical settings and have further discussed the strategies to evade them. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of Podocalyxin Separates the Hematopoietic and Vascular Potentials of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesoderm
Authors: Zhang Hailan , Nieves Johnathan L. , Fraser Stuart T. , Isern Joan , Douvaras Panagiotis , Papatsenko Dmitri , D'Souza Sunita L. , Lemischka Ihor R. , Dyer Michael A. , Baron Margaret H. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In the mouse embryo and differentiating embryonic stem cells, the hematopoietic, endothelial, and cardiomyocyte lineages are derived from Flk1+ mesodermal progenitors. Here, we report that surface expression of Podocalyxin (Podxl), a member of the CD34 family of sialomucins, can be used to subdivide the Flk1+ cells in differentiating embryoid bodies at day 4.75 into populations that develop into distinct mesodermal lineages. Definitive hematopoietic potential was restricted to the Flk1+Podxl+ population, while the Flk1-negative Podxl+ population displayed only primitive erythroid potential. The Flk1+Podxl-negative population contained endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte potential. Podxl expression distinguishes Flk1+ mesoderm populations in mouse embryos at days 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5 and is a marker of progenitor stage primitive erythroblasts. These findings identify Podxl as a useful tool for separating distinct mesodermal lineages. Stem Cells 2014;32:191–203