bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis mitogen‐activated protein kinase 6 is associated with γ‐tubulin on microtubules, phosphorylates EB1c and maintains spindle orientation under nitrosative stress
Authors: Kohoutová Lucie , Kourová Hana , Nagy Szilvia K. , Volc Jindřich , Halada Petr , Mészáros Tamás , Meskiene Irute , Bögre László , Binarová Pavla 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Stress‐activated plant mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways play roles in growth adaptation to the environment by modulating cell division through cytoskeletal regulation, but the mechanisms are poorly understood.

We performed protein interaction and phosphorylation experiments with cytoskeletal proteins, mass spectrometric identification of MPK6 complexes and immunofluorescence analyses of the microtubular cytoskeleton of mitotic cells using wild‐type, mpk6‐2 mutant and plants overexpressing the MAP kinase‐inactivating phosphatase, AP2C3.

We showed that MPK6 interacted with γ‐tubulin and co‐sedimented with plant microtubules polymerized in vitro. It was the active form of MAP kinase that was enriched with microtubules and followed similar dynamics to γ‐tubulin, moving from poles to midzone during the anaphase‐to‐telophase transition. We found a novel substrate for MPK6, the microtubule plus end protein, EB1c. The mpk6‐2 mutant was sensitive to 3‐nitro‐l‐tyrosine (NO2‐Tyr) treatment with respect to mitotic abnormalities, and root cells overexpressing AP2C3 showed defects in chromosome segregation and spindle orientation.

Our data suggest that the active form of MAP kinase interacts with γ‐tubulin on specific subsets of mitotic microtubules during late mitosis. MPK6 phosphorylates EB1c, but not EB1a, and has a role in maintaining regular planes of cell division under stress conditions.
Healthcare professionals under pressure in involuntary admission processes
Authors: van den Hooff Susanne , Leget Carlo , Goossensen Anne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to describe how quality of care may be improved during an involuntary admission process of patients suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome. It presents an empirically grounded analysis with different perspectives on ‘doing good’ during this process. Family carers', healthcare professionals' and legal professionals' ways of understanding and ordering this problematic situation appear very different. This could prevent patients from getting the proper care they need, with risk of more suffering and quality of life below the minimum acceptable. All this possibly lead to immoral dehumanizing situations. Firstly, the background of our empirical study is sketched. Secondly, the different perspectives on ‘doing good’ are summarized and compared. Thirdly, the tensions arising from the different conceptualizations of autonomy and different types of responsibilities of the actors are clarified. A common ‘doing good’ during involuntary admission necessitates removal of any tensions within the relational network by weighing and balancing the different perspectives on autonomy and the resulting responsibilities. With this in mind, we propose a renewed time/action table for involuntary admission, which tends to address all patients' needs at the right time. The solution presented might help healthcare professionals, who are squeezed in between patients, family carers, legal professionals and overall rules, to create practices in which patients suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome can maintain their dignity and receive the care they need. Earlier interventions, timely and adequate diagnosis, and diminishment of tensions between the different actors by fine‐tuning their paradigmatic frameworks are suggested to be part of a solution.
Pediatric Lichen Planopilaris: Clinicopathologic Study of Four New Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Christensen Kevin N. , Lehman Julia S. , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLichen planopilaris (LPP) is a rare form of cicatricial alopecia that has occasionally been reported in children. Because of the limited number of patients reported, little information is available about demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, or treatment options for these patients. A retrospective chart review of LPP cases in patients under 18 years of age from 1976 to 2013 was performed to further define clinicopathologic features of pediatric LPP. Four pediatric LPP patients ages 13 to 16 years were identified (three male, one female). One patient had scalp pruritus and one had other cutaneous findings of lichen planus (LP). Perifollicular scale and scarring were the most common physical examination findings, although changes mimicking those of alopecia areata were observed. Three patients were treated with topical or intralesional steroids. One patient was treated with minocycline. Histopathologic findings included perifollicular interface and perifollicular fibrosis in all cases. There was focal interfollicular interface in two cases and mild dermal mucin in one case. LPP is exceedingly rare in children. It may be misdiagnosed as alopecia areata in children because of the lack of symptoms and other features of LP. There should be a high index of suspicion for LPP in children with alopecia that is unresponsive to standard treatment or who have findings that are atypical for more common childhood alopecias.
Influence of Asian dust storms on daily acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions
Authors: Teng Joshua Chen‐Yuan , Chan Yun‐Shan , Peng Yu‐I , Liu Tsai‐Ching 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study was the first to explore the relationship between Asian dust storm events (ADS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospital admissions by applying time series models.Design and SampleNationwide population‐based hospitalization claims data in Taiwan were used. There were 143,063 AMI admissions during 2000–2009.MeasuresAn autoregressive with exogenous variables (ARX) time series model was used to investigate the dynamic connection between AMI hospital admissions and ADS events.ResultsAMI hospitalizations significantly spiked on post‐ADS day three. Among the total population, 3.2 more cases of AMI admissions occurred on post‐ADS day three. When the data were stratified by age and gender, the same delayed effect was present in the male population, especially those aged 45–64 and over 74.ConclusionsOur study shows that although an ADS event does not cause an immediate incidence of AMI, storms may increase AMI incidence through a delayed effect. Hence, AMI prevention is not only important during a dust storm, but particularly so in subsequent days. During the days after an ADS, exposure to dust should be minimized by staying indoors as much as possible and by wearing a mask when exposure to dust is unavoidable. This is especially true for working and older adults. Nurses at local public health centers can increase awareness and promote public safety by providing health information to local communities regarding the link between dust storms and AMI.
An examination of quality of care in Norwegian nursing homes – a change to more activities?
Authors: Kjøs Bente Ø. , Havig Anders K. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundStudies on Norwegian nursing homes have shown that the general care is at a relatively high level, while the level of physical and social activities is relatively low. As a response to these findings, the Norwegian government has stressed the importance of activities in various white papers and circulars and, in recent years, has launched several campaigns specifically aimed at increasing the level of activities.AimThe aim of the study was to examine the following: (i) how the government has succeeded in increasing the level of physical and social activities in Norwegian nursing homes; (ii) how the level of activities compares to the general care; and (iii) how the level of activities and the general care are influenced by the following facility characteristics: residents’ mobility level, total staffing levels, ratio of RNs, ratio of unlicensed staff and ward size.MethodA cross‐sectional survey of forty nursing home wards throughout Norway was used to collect the data.ResultsOn a scale ranging from 1 to 7, the staff members assess the activity dimension to be 4.31 and the general care dimension to be 5.66. The activity dimension was significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of unlicensed staff, the ratio of Registered Nurses and the residents’ mobility level, while the general care dimension was significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of unlicensed staff.ConclusionThe study shows that the level of physical and social activities offered to the residents is relatively low, while the general care level is significantly higher, in line with earlier studies. Consequently, the government has not succeeded with its current policy to increase the level of activities in nursing homes. The relationship between the two quality dimensions and the explanatory variables shows that nursing home quality is a complicated phenomenon.
McMahan on Speciesism and Deprivation
Authors: Grau Christopher 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTJeff McMahan has long shown himself to be a vigorous and incisive critic of speciesism, and in his essay “Our Fellow Creatures” he has been particularly critical of speciesist arguments that draw inspiration from Wittgenstein. In this essay I consider his arguments against speciesism generally and the species‐norm account of deprivation in particular. I argue that McMahan's ethical framework (as outlined in The Ethics of Killing) is more nuanced and more open to the incorporation of speciesist intuitions regarding deprivation than he himself suggests. Specifically, I argue that, given his willingness to include a comparative dimension in his “Intrinsic Potential Account” he ought to recognize species as a legitimate comparison class. I also argue that a sensible speciesism can be pluralist and flexible enough to accommodate many of McMahan's arguments in defense of “moral individualist” intuitions. In this way, I hope to make the case for at least a partial reconciliation between McMahan and the “Wittgensteinian speciesists”, e.g. Cora Diamond, Stephen Mulhall, and Raimond Gaita.
Positive impact of dietary water on in vivo epidermal water physiology
Authors: Palma M. L. , Tavares L. , Fluhr J. W. , Bujan M. J. , Rodrigues L. M. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackground/purposeThe importance of water in human physiology is well known, also for skin functionality. This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary water on epidermal skin hydration in healthy females.MethodsThirty‐four healthy females (mean 24.5 ± 6.34 years old) were selected and characterized according to their dietary daily habits, by a previously validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. For 1 month, these subjects were asked to add 2 L/day of water to their regular dietary habits. Measurements took place at day D0, D15, and D30, and involved general variables (body weight, blood pressure, Body Mass Index) and specific skin physiological variables in five anatomical sites (ventral forearm, anterior leg, dorsal hand, zygomatic area, and forehead) involving epidermal superficial and deep hydration, by capacitance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).ResultsThis water overload (2 L/day/30 days) did not change the blood volume or weight of the individuals. However, both superficial and deep skin hydration were clearly in those individuals that regularly consumed lees water per day. No significant effect was observed in the TEWL.ConclusionsThis study clearly suggests that dietary water intake seems to influence skin water content. Nevertheless further in vivo investigations involving other variables, such as biomechanical descriptors, should follow to look deeper into this aspect of skin physiology.
Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection
Authors: Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Castaño-Rodríguez Natalia , Mitchell Hazel M. , Man Si Ming 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARY

Campylobacter jejuni
infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to
C. jejuni
, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging
Campylobacter
species, including
Campylobacter concisus
and
Campylobacter ureolyticus
. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of
Campylobacter
infection.
Transmitted Extended-Spectrum Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Beijing, China, with Discordant Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Results
Authors: Li Hao , Kayani Masood ur Rehman , Gu Yunting , Wang Xiaobo , Zhu Ting , Duan Hongfei , Ma Yifeng , Huang Hairong , Javid Babak 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Drug resistance to tuberculosis remains a major public health threat. Here, we report two cases of extended-spectrum extensively drug-resistant (XXDR) tuberculosis showing resistance to most first- and second-line agents. The results of a correlation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic testing were discordant, suggesting that overreliance on WGS may miss clinically relevant resistance in extensively drug-resistant disease.
Brown-Pigmented Mycobacterium mageritense as a Cause of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis and Bloodstream Infection
Authors: McMullen Allison R. , Mattar Caline , Kirmani Nigar , Burnham Carey-Ann D. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium
spp. are a rare cause of endocarditis. Herein, we describe a case of
Mycobacterium mageritense
prosthetic valve endocarditis. This organism produced an unusual brown pigment on solid media. Cultures of valve tissue for acid-fast bacilli might be considered in some cases of apparently culture-negative prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Clinical Isolates
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Belén , Ruiz-Serrano María Jesús , Marín Mercedes , López Roa Paula , Rodríguez-Créixems Marta , Bouza Emilio 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolates was evaluated in this study. Overall, 125 NTM isolates were analyzed by MALDI-TOF and GenoType CM/AS. Identification by 16S rRNA/
hsp65
sequencing was considered the gold standard. Agreements between MALDI-TOF and GenoType CM/AS with the reference method were, respectively, 94.4% and 84.0%. In 17 cases (13.6%), results provided by GenoType and MALDI-TOF were discordant; however, the reference method agreed with MALDI-TOF in 16/17 cases (94.1%;
P
= 0.002).
Restriction of HIV-1 Requires the N-Terminal Region of MxB as a Capsid-Binding Motif but Not as a Nuclear Localization Signal
Authors: Schulte Bianca , Buffone Cindy , Opp Silvana , Di Nunzio Francesca , De Souza Aranha Vieira Daniel Augusto , Brandariz-Nuñez Alberto , Diaz-Griffero Felipe 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The interferon alpha (IFN-α)-inducible restriction factor MxB blocks HIV-1 infection after reverse transcription but prior to integration. Fate-of-capsid experiments have correlated the ability of MxB to block HIV-1 infection with stabilization of viral cores during infection. We previously demonstrated that HIV-1 restriction by MxB requires capsid binding and oligomerization. Deletion and gain-of-function experiments have mapped the HIV-1 restriction ability of MxB to its N-terminal 25 amino acids. This report reveals that the N-terminal 25 amino acids of MxB exhibit two separate functions: (i) the ability of MxB to bind to HIV-1 capsid and (ii) the nuclear localization signal of MxB, which is important for the ability of MxB to shuttle into the nucleus. To understand whether MxB restriction of HIV-1 requires capsid binding and/or nuclear localization, we genetically separated these two functions and evaluated their contributions to restriction. Our experiments demonstrated that the
11
RRR
13
motif is important for the ability of MxB to bind capsid and to restrict HIV-1 infection. These experiments suggested that capsid binding is necessary for the ability of MxB to block HIV-1 infection. Separately from the capsid binding function of MxB, we found that residues
20
KY
21
regulate the ability of the N-terminal 25 amino acids of MxB to function as a nuclear localization signal; however, the ability of the N-terminal 25 amino acids to function as a nuclear localization signal was not required for restriction.

IMPORTANCE
MxB/Mx2 blocks HIV-1 infection in cells from the immune system. MxB blocks infection by preventing the uncoating process of HIV-1. The ability of MxB to block HIV-1 infection requires that MxB binds to the HIV-1 core by using its N-terminal domain. The present study shows that MxB uses residues
11
RRR
13
to bind to the HIV-1 core during infection and that these residues are required for the ability of MxB to block HIV-1 infection. We also found that residues
20
KY
21
constitute a nuclear localization signal that is not required for the ability of MxB to block HIV-1 infection.
Rotavirus NSP3 Is a Translational Surrogate of the Poly(A) Binding Protein-Poly(A) Complex
Authors: Gratia Matthieu , Sarot Emeline , Vende Patrice , Charpilienne Annie , Baron Carolina Hilma , Duarte Mariela , Pyronnet Stephane , Poncet Didier 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Through its interaction with the 5′ translation initiation factor eIF4G, poly(A) binding protein (PABP) facilitates the translation of 5′-capped and 3′-poly(A)-tailed mRNAs. Rotavirus mRNAs are capped but not polyadenylated, instead terminating in a 3′ GACC motif that is recognized by the viral protein NSP3, which competes with PABP for eIF4G binding. Upon rotavirus infection, viral, GACC-tailed mRNAs are efficiently translated, while host poly(A)-tailed mRNA translation is, in contrast, severely impaired. To explore the roles of NSP3 in these two opposing events, the translational capabilities of three capped mRNAs, distinguished by either a GACC, a poly(A), or a non-GACC and nonpoly(A) 3′ end, have been monitored after electroporation of cells expressing all rotavirus proteins (infected cells) or only NSP3 (stably or transiently transfected cells). In infected cells, we found that the magnitudes of translation induction (GACC-tailed mRNA) and translation reduction [poly(A)-tailed mRNA] both depended on the rotavirus strain used but that translation reduction not genetically linked to NSP3. In transfected cells, even a small amount of NSP3 was sufficient to dramatically enhance GACC-tailed mRNA translation and, surprisingly, to slightly favor the translation of both poly(A)- and nonpoly(A)-tailed mRNAs, likely by stabilizing the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. These data suggest that NSP3 is a translational surrogate of the PABP-poly(A) complex; therefore, it cannot by itself be responsible for inhibiting the translation of host poly(A)-tailed mRNAs upon rotavirus infection.

IMPORTANCE
To control host cell physiology and to circumvent innate immunity, many viruses have evolved powerful mechanisms aimed at inhibiting host mRNA translation while stimulating translation of their own mRNAs. How rotavirus tackles this challenge is still a matter of debate. Using rotavirus-infected cells, we show that the magnitude of cellular poly(A) mRNA translation differs with respect to rotavirus strains but is not genetically linked to NSP3. Using cells expressing rotavirus NSP3, we show that NSP3 alone not only dramatically enhances rotavirus-like mRNA translation but also enhances poly(A) mRNA translation rather than inhibiting it, likely by stabilizing the eIF4E-eIF4G complex. Thus, the inhibition of cellular polyadenylated mRNA translation during rotavirus infection cannot be attributed solely to NSP3 and is more likely the result of global competition between viral and host mRNAs for the cellular translation machinery.
Ignoring floor and ceiling effects may underestimate the effect of carotid artery stenting on cognitive performance
Authors: Scherr Martin , Kunz Alexander , Doll Anselm , Mutzenbach Johannes Sebastian , Broussalis Erasmia , Bergmann Hans Jürgen , Kirschner Margarita , Trinka Eugen , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionData on neuropsychological outcome after carotid artery stenting (CAS) remain inconsistent, furthermore cognitive outcome seems to be unpredictable in the individual case. Previous studies reporting improvement or decline might be due to ceiling and floor effects of the applied cognitive tests. We applied cognitive testing before and after CAS, avoiding the pitfall of ceiling and floor effects.MethodsIn our prospective database, we identified 72 patients free of clinical stroke with ≥70% carotid artery stenosis, who were treated with CAS. They were administered a neurocognitive test battery before and 3 months after CAS to compare cognitive performance before and after CAS. To avoid ceiling and floor effects of test performances, we additionally analysed subgroups of patients without baseline floor and ceiling cognitive performance.ResultsPre-interventional to post-interventional cognitive performance improved significantly in the subtests measuring verbal episodic memory; deterioration was observed in spatial memory. The subgroups of patients without baseline floor and ceiling cognitive performance improved in measures of global cognition, verbal episodic memory (patients with left-sided CAS) and divided attention (patients with right-sided CAS); we observed no significant effects in the other domains.ConclusionsIgnoring floor and ceiling effects may underestimate the impact of CAS on cognitive performance.