bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inoculation with Mycorrhizae, Phosphorus Levels, and Humic Acids on some Components of Wheat Yield
Authors: Idan Marwan Khaled , Oleiwi Mohammad Salal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mycorrhizal inoculation (M1) produced the greatest number of grains per spike (36.5 in number) and gained the greatest weight of 1000 grains (36.32 g). The percentage of harvest index achieved its maximum value at ha-1. The biological yield reached its highest at 34.02%, with a quantitative optimum of 14.12 tons ha-1. Furthermore, the application of P2 phosphate fertilizer resulted in the maximum measured weight of 1000 grains (37.50 g), the highest measured number of grains per spike (38.06 grains spike -1), and the highest measured grain yield (5.31 tons). The biological yield was measured at 14.75 tons ha-1, representing the highest value. Additionally, the harvest index revealed that this yield was the highest at 36.52%. Furthermore, the introduction of humic acid H2 resulted in the weight of 1000 grains reaching 37.47 g and the number of grains per spike reaching their maximum values. Humic acid H2 produced the maximum grain yield, measuring 5.31 tons ha-1, at a rate of 38.67 grain spikes per square hectare. The value of the biological produce reached at 14.55 tons.ha-1, while the highest percentage in the harvest index had a 41.56% reduction in its value. The greatest value was produced by the second interaction treatment M1P2. We determined the peak value for the number of grains per surge to be 38.62, with a weight of 39.09 g for 1000 grains. Spike-1, and it most significantly increased the grain yield by 5.50 tons.ha-1, the biological yield by 14.99 tons.ha-1, and the percentage by which it increased the grain yield by the most substantial quantity. The harvest index achieved a value of 36.56%. The triple interaction M1P2H2 demonstrated superior performance by achieving the highest values for grain yield (6.31 tons ha-1) and grain yield per spike (43.95 grains spike-1). Additionally, this treatment yielded the highest value for grain weight (43.95%) and number of grains per spike (43.95%).
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Six Genotypes of Rice Crop Under the Effect of Different Combinations of Fertilizers
Authors: Hussein S. R. , Abbas S. H. , Musa A. J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the rice research station in Al-Mishkhab, Najaf / Iraq during the summer agricultural season 2021, with a random complete block design (RCBD) according to the split-plot arrangement and with three Replications. The aim of estimating some genetic parameters of yield characteristics and it’s for Six rice genotypes grown under different fertilizer combinations, the main plot included several combinations of fertilizers(of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers)while the sub plot included six genotypes (Yasamin, Dijlah, Mishkhab2, Brnamge4, Anber33, and Ghadeer). The results showed the superiority of the Mishkhab2genotype by giving it the highest average for chlorophyll content and flag leaf area, which amounted to 41.47 SPAD, 24.59 cm2, While the Amber33 variety achieved the lowest average number of days from planting to physiological maturity139.00 day. The Yasamin variety also achieved the highest average for grain yield, amounting to 4.62 ton ha-1. As for as for the fertilizer combinations, combination full recommendation organic fertilizer full recommendation organic fertilizer (full recommendation organic fertilizer) achieved the highest average of chlorophyll content and the lowest average number of days from planting until physiological maturity, which of 39.81 SPAD and 138.61day, respectively. While treatment (half recommendation for organic fertilizer + half recommendation for chemical fertilizer)achieved the highest average number of grains in Dalia, the number of branches in Dalia, the lowest infertility rate, and the highest average grain yield, which amounted 81.5 grain panicle-1,12.32 branch panicle-1,6.90%,3.43 ton ha-1 respectively. The results of the genetic analysis also indicated that the genetic, environmental, and phenotypic variances were significant for all traits, and their values varied according to the genotypes.
Influence of Treatment of Fresh Cut Apples by Microwave Radiation some Properties of Their Juices During Storage
Authors: Abdul Kareem Zakaria Malik , Ali Al-Jammaas Oday Hasan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, Apple Juice was extracted from previously green apple fruits, neutralized by blanching using a microwave oven, before the extracted juice was fermentation at a temperature of (4)°C for a period of (30) days, and compared with the juice of untreated fruits (a comparison sample). PPO (Polyphenol oxidase) in Apple fruits with the treatments mentioned in some characteristics of apple juice extracted from those fruits. The studied characteristics are: Residual Enzymatic Activity, Total Soluble Sugars, Ascorbic Acid content, Total Phenols content, and Browning Index. Knowing that the enzyme polyphenol oxidase.
Study of the Effect of Storage Period on the Growth of Fungi in Green Coffee in Open Atmospheres
Authors: Al-Jawadi Maha A. M. , Ahmed Salah Omar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of the current study is to determine the effect of storing green Brazilian coffee in open conditions on fungal activity. The moisture content of the coffee was adjusted to 5, 10, and 15%, then cardamom was added in the following concentrations: 0, 0.5, and 1.5%. The control treatment was free of cardamom powder. The samples were then stored for periods of 2, 4, and 6 months. The temperature and relative humidity of the samples were measured during the storage periods relative to their monthly averages. The total number of fungi contaminating the type of coffee and their prevalence rates were estimated. There was an increase in the total number of fungi after two months of storage, but prolonging the storage period caused a significant decrease in the total number of fungi, and the roasted coffee of both types was free of the presence of fungi. Aspergillus fungi are prevalent in coffee species, especially A. ochreceus, A. flavus, and A. niger, while Penicillium fungi were found in lower percentages, and yeast was found as a contaminant of Brazilian coffee. The results showed that the monthly averages of temperature and relative humidity during storage periods varied from one month to another and the averages ranged between 28.55 - 38.17 °C and 44.85 - 55.28%.
The Synergistic Effect of Germinating Soybean Seed in Prolonging the Shelf Life of Cold-Preserved Camel Meat
Authors: Hial Aboud Wasan Faiq , Juma Al-Ani Fatima Faiq 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current study sought to prepare an extract of the essential oils of the mint plant of the Lamiaceae family, and the powder of sprouted soybean seeds, and to study its antifungal activity and the qualitative, chemical and microbial traits of processed meat products (camel meat). In addition to manufacturing meat (camel meat burger) according to the Iraqi standard, to find alternative ways to inhibit the proliferation of types of bacteria and prevent and delay the appearance of unwanted flavors and tastes during the preservation period of the burger. The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Environmental and Water Research
Effect of Postbiotics and Killed Cells of lactobacillus acidophilus Bacteria on Improving the Storage Properties of Soft Cheese
Authors: Wahhab Hoor S. , Al-Mosowy Azhar J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current study aimed to use the postbiotics and killed cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus and compare them with the live cells of this probiotic in extending the shelf life of soft cheese and increasing its shelf life. This was done by manufacturing 6 treatments of soft cheese and adding probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and its postbiotics in addition to the addition of dead cells after heat killing to the curd at a concentration of 5 and 10% for each addition. These additions and treatments were compared with the control cheese treatment that was free of any addition. The results showed that the cheese treatments containing probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and its postbiotics were more stable and had fewer bacterial counts, as no change in bacterial counts was observed during the 24-day period and its free of psychrophilic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeasts and molds., all of which was reflected in the chemical characteristics of the treatments in terms of pH, total acidity, soluble nitrogen and the degree of fat hydrolysis, which were lower in the treatments supplemented with the live probiotic and its metabolites. While the results for the control cheese showed a clear development and an increase in bacterial numbers with the appearance of yeasts and molds as storage progressed towards 24 days, and this showed a clear deterioration in the chemical characteristics of the control cheese after 10 days of storage of the cheese treatments.
Improving or Enhancing the Functional Properties of Egg White Proteins by Modifying Them Using Ultrasound and Enzymatic Methods
Authors: Majeed Rana Hameed , Hashim Alia Zyara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Egg white proteins are an important part of the food industry, as they work to increase the nutritional value and provide food with many sensory and functional properties. Several technologies have been developed to improve the functional properties of egg white proteins, including the use of ultrasound and enzymatic methods, which work to improve the nutritional and functional properties. For food products. Many studies have been conducted on changing the structure of egg white proteins through ultrasonic treatment and the use of enzymatic methods. These treatments affect the structure of proteins, which are discovered using different techniques. The main goal of this review is to shed light on the treatment of egg white proteins. Ultrasonic and enzymatic methods, and showing the effect of these treatments on the structure of proteins and their functional properties.
The Effect of Planting Dates on some Growth Traits at the Flowering Stage for Four Varieties of Sesame Crop
Authors: Abdullah Alalwani Mosab Hasan , Alobaidy Bushra Sh. J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A Field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2023 at the Al-Hamadiyah station, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, east of Ramadi city, Iraq, with the aim was to determining the effect of planting dates on four varieties of sesame crop. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replications, in a split-plot arrangement, where planting dates (1/5, 15/5, and 1/6) occupied the main plots and varieties (Had, Al-Rafidain, Common Local, and Foreign) occupied the subplots. The results showed a significant increase for the first planting date in all the studied traits, namely: number of branches, leaf area, leaf water content, lesser water loss, higher chlorophyll content in leaves, and plant dry weight (all traits were measured at the beginning of flowering) (5.72 branches plant-1, 463.10 dm2, 99.77, 0.159, 55.82 SPAD, and 96.42 grams, respectively,). While, the second planting date achieved lower averages for the aforementioned traits, except for water loss, which recorded a lower average of 0.122%. The Hade variety excelled in the number of branches (6.46 branches plant-1), leaf area (463.10 dm2), and dry weight (86.56 grams plant-1). In contrast, the foreign variety had the highest relative water content and the least water loss percentage (93.77 and 0.123) respectively. The Rafidain variety showed the lowest number of branches, at 3.82 branches plant-1. The interaction between the two factors had a significant effect on all studied traits, indicating a difference in the response of plant varieties to the effect of planting dates.
Improving Blood Fat Levels in Experimental Animals by Feeding on Yogurt Treated with Probiotics and Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Abd Nawras Saad , Ghazi Sarah Jabbar , Neama Alatheri Sabreen Salam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment included dosing experimental animals with yogurt and lacto-fermented milk supplemented fortified with probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12) and/or Chlorella vulgaris algae at a concentration of 0.6% weight/volume. The effect of treatments on blood fat levels (TG - TC - VLDL - LDL - HDL) was studied. The treatments were: Negative control (C-) fed on a standard diet, the positive control (C+) fed on rich-fat diet + 1 ml of distilled water dosed daily, or fed on rich-fat diet and dosed with 1 ml whole milk with 3% yogurt starter T1, T1 plus 5% Lactobacillus (T2), or Bifidobacteria (T3), or 0.06% Chlorella vulgaris (T4), or with 5% Lactobacillus+ 0.06 % C. vulgaris (T5), or with 5% Bifidobacteria + 0.06% C. Vulgaris (T6), or with (5% Lactobacillus+ 5% Bifidobacteria+ 0.06% C. vulgaris (T7). The results indicate that dosing with lactoferment treated with the probiotic and the alga C. vulgaris led to a significant decrease in the concentration of total cholesterol, especially in the groups synergized between the probiotic bacteria and the alga C. vulgaris, compared to the positive control groups, which recorded 113.80 mg/dl. A decrease in triglycerides was also observed in the blood of rats treated with lactofermented milk with C. vulgaris. Treatment T5 was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments, recording a decrease in triglycerides to 32.1 mg/dl. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) also showed a significant decrease in treatments dosed with lactic fermentation with C. vulgaris, where treatment T6 was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments, recording 12.47. mg/dl. On the other hand, very low-density proteins (VLDL) recorded a significant decrease in the T4 treatment, different from the rest of the Bio-Synergy treatments, as they recorded 6.15 mg/dl. As for high-density lipoproteins, a significant increase in the coefficients of the bio-synergistic groups was observed compared to the positive control group, which recorded 15.6 mg/dl.
Production of Amylase Enzyme from Bacillus cereus Bacteria Isolated from Some Cooked Foods and Identification of Factors Influencing the Production of the Enzyme
Authors: Salam Khattab Khattab Abdul , Al-Nazzal Ahmed Ismael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
(15) sample of cooked food (cooked rice) were Collected From different places and conditions in order to isolate the bacteria produced by the amylase enzyme, the samples were cultured after dilution on a medium (Nutrent agar – mannitol salt agar – starch agar – starch broth – mannitol egg yolk polymayxin agar) Agricultural tests were then conducted (shape, size, color and edge of the colonies) Microscopic tests (response to Gram stain) and biochemical tests (catalysts - oxides - indoles - red-like – voges-proskauer - jackets - Uris test – Kilger iron agar) all isolates were diagnosed in the diagnostic system VITEK2 where the results of isolation and certified diagnosis showed that (6) isolates belonging to the genes of Bacillus cereus, These isolators underwent primary and secondary sifting processes to obtain efficient isolation in the production of the amylase enzyme, Where the most efficient isolators have been obtained which has given the enzymatic effectiveness of the raw enzyme 9.65 units/ml and the quality effectiveness of 1.12 units/mg and the concentration of the protein 8.564 mg/ml.
Effect of Adding Fennel and Fenugreek Seeds to Diets of Local Female Goats on some Productive Traits
Authors: Katab Al-Shammari Haider Raad , Mohammed Afraah Mustafa , Hassan Mohammed Jasem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study aims to determine the effect of adding fennel and fenugreek seeds to the diets of local female goats on some productive traits for the period from 12/10/2022 to 3/30/2023. Were used 24 local goats, their ages ranged between 2-3 years with an average weight of (49.8 ± 50.1) kg. The animals were randomly distributed among four treatments. The first treatment (T1) served as the control group and was fed a concentrated diet. The second treatment (T2) received a concentrated diet supplemented with Fenugreek seeds at a concentration of 12g/kg of concentrated feed. The third treatment (T3) was fed a concentrated diet supplemented with fennel seeds at a concentration of 12g/kg of concentrated feed. The fourth treatment (T4) received a concentrated diet supplemented with 6g/kg of Fenugreek seeds and 6g/kg of fennel seeds in the concentrated feed. The results showed that there was no significant improvement (0.05≤P) in the rate of feed consumption for the experimental treatments compared with the control treatment. While the animals of the second treatment recorded a significant increase in milk production from the beginning of production until day 77 of production, while the third treatment witnessed a significant decrease (0.05≥P) in the rate of milk production throughout the production period. Also, the results did not show a significant change (0.05≤P). P) in milk components (fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids) for all experimental treatments. Also, adding fennel seeds and fenugreek to the diets of female local goats led to a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the birth weight of male newborns of animals in the third treatment. As for female newborns, no significant differences (P≤0.05) in birth weight were recorded, but a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the rate of weight gain was recorded during the subsequent periods of the experiment.
Effect of Addition Aqueous Extract of Camel Thorn (Alhagi maurorum) Plant Roots and Some of Immune Enhancers with Drinking Water on Productive Performance of Broilers
Authors: Mahde Martaza Hader , Hammod Ali J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present study was carried out in a chicken farm owned by the Animal Production Department of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Kufa. Utilizing a cohort of 300 broiler chicks (Ross 308) at the age of one day. The chicks were of undetermined sex and had an average starting weight of 37 grams. They were raised in a semi-enclosed home divided into pens of 3 square meters each. The chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments, with three replicates each treatment. Each treatment consisted of 60 chicks, with 20 chicks per replication, for a period of 35 days. The therapies were categorized as follows: Treatment 1 (T1) refers to the control group where no additional substances are added. Treatment 2 (T2) involves adding Immuno-Care to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 ml per litre. Treatment 3 (T3) involves adding Immunity-Stim to the drinking water at a concentration of 1 ml per litre. T4: Incorporate a 5 ml/1 litre solution of the aqueous extract derived from the roots of the camel thorn plant into the drinking water. T5: Introduce a 10 ml/1 litre solution of the aqueous extract obtained from the roots of the camel thorn plant into the water. The young birds were provided with a beginning diet from 1 to 10 days old, a grower diet from 11 to 24 days old, and a finisher diet from 25 to 35 days old. The data pertaining to the examined features were evaluated utilizing a totally randomized design. The significance of the disparities between the treatments was assessed by doing the Duncan test at a probability threshold of 0.05. The SAS statistical program was employed for the purpose of conducting the statistical analysis. The key findings were as follows: There were no notable disparities seen in the ultimate live body weight, cumulative weight growth, dressing %, or economic figure. The final feed conversion ratio showed substantial improvement when the aqueous extract of camel thorn plant roots was added at a concentration of 10 ml per liter of drinking water.
Effect of Adding Fruit Powder (Brassica oleracea) to the Diet of Ross 308 Broiler Breeder Males on some Testicular Tissue Traits
Authors: Nasser Al-Zalzal Aqeel Hajim , Ali Emad Abdul-Jabbar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding different levels of kohlrabi powder (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa. L) to the diet of Ross 308 broiler breeder males on some testicular tissue characteristics. Twenty-five roosters at the age of 45 weeks were divided into five treatments, with five replicates per treatment and one rooster per replicate. Every rooster experienced the same lighting, temperature, and feeding regime. Kohlrabi powder was added to the roosters’ at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 0 mg100 g−1 feed; coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively. Next, the impact of these treatments on testicular tissue features and body weight was investigated. In comparison to the control group, the results demonstrated a statistically significant (P<0.05) advantage of all treatments in Antioxidant levels. Increases in body weight, certain testicular tissue properties, volumetric density, and the relative weight of interstitial tissue and testicular seminiferous tubule components (%) as a results of study treatments. This study concluded that certain of the active ingredients in kohlrabi powder can enhance some properties of testicular tissue. It caused roosters to become more prolific as they reached an advanced age.
Effect of Pyridoxine in Ovo Injection in Broiler Hatching Eggs on Some Physiological Parameters
Authors: Alewi Husam H. , Alabdali Mohammed H. , Abdul Azzez Mohammed M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In ovo nutrition is crucial to maximizing earnings in the production of commercial poultry, that procedure has attracted scientific interest. A total of 180 broiler fertile eggs were used to determine the impact of pyridoxine (B6) in ovo administration on hatchability and some biological blood parameters as well as the hatching chicks’ body weight. On the 12th day of incubation, eggs were assigned to three groups (three replicates in each): no treated group, treatment group (T1) vitamin B6 was in ovo injected in a dose of 0.1 ml/egg; and treatment group (T2) received 0.2 ml/egg from the vitamin. The results indicated a significant (P<0.05) improvement in the percentage of hatching chicks in the T2 group (88%) compared to other groups. Hatched chicks that received pyridoxine were meaningfully (P<0.05) have higher body weight than the control group. Regarding the blood parameters, results recorded an improvement (P<0.05) in the total blood proteins levels, that increased from (2.300 gm/dl) in the control group to (2.833 gm/dl) and (2.766 gm/dl) in T1 and T2 groups respectively. Blood glucose level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the T2 group, with no significant changes detected between the T1 and control group. Improvement was also detected in the PCV% noticeably (P<0.05), to upsurge from (27.8%) in control to (29.2%) in T1 and (31.1%) in T2. However, results noticed that in ovo injection with pyridoxine did not affect blood cholesterol levels. Ultimately, in ovo pyridoxine injection in the broiler fertile eggs improved hatchability, body weight, and some blood parameters.