bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated high-throughput analysis of B cell spreading on immobilized antibodies with whole slide imaging
Authors: Wiesmann Veit , Reimer Dorothea , Franz Daniela , Hüttmayer Hanna , Mielenz Dirk , Wittenberg Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Automated image processing methods enable objective, reproducible and high quality analysis of fluorescent cell images in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, we propose the application of image processing pipelines based on established segmentation algorithms which can handle massive amounts of whole slide imaging data of multiple fluorescent labeled cells. After automated parameter adaption the segmentation pipelines provide high quality cell delineations revealing significant differences in the spreading of B cells: LPS-activated B cells spread significantly less on anti CD19 mAb than on anti BCR mAb and both processes could be inhibited by the F-actin destabilizing drug Cytochalasin D. Moreover, anti CD19 mAb induce a more symmetrical spreading than anti BCR mAb as reflected by the higher cell circularity.
Three-dimensional anisotropic regularization for limited angle tomography
Authors: Isernhagen C. F. , Schäfer D. , Grass M. , Buzug T. M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Limited angle tomography is a challenging task in medical imaging. Due to practical limitations during the image acquisition, the sinogram is recorded incompletely and thus the quality of the reconstruction is deteriorated by streak artifacts. These artifacts are characterized by fast changes of the local intensity gradients and increase the total variation (TV). Generally, an energy functional is optimized which leads to a minimized Total Variation Minimization (TVM). As an outcome, noise and artifacts are reduced while edges are preserved. Anyway, often the orientation of the streak artifacts is not considered at all. Therefore, anisotropic regularization is used to reduce noise and distortions under specific directions.
US-tracked steered FUS in a respiratory ex vivo ovine liver phantom
Authors: Strehlow Jan , Xiao Xu , Domschke Markus , Schwenke Michael , Karakitsios Ioannis , Mihcin Senay , Schwaab Julia , Levy Yoav , Preusser Tobias , Melzer Andreas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Organ motion is a major problem for Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS) of liver tumors. We present a liver phantom mimicking human respiratory motion (20 mm range, 3 − 7 s/cycle) and the evaluation of an ultrasound-tracked steered FUS system on that phantom. Temperature curves are recorded while sonicating in moving and static phantom. The temperature curves correlate well and show the ability of the system to compensate breathing like motion.
Influence of short-term fixation with mixed formalin or ethanol solution on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone
Authors: Mick E. , Steinke H. , Wolfskämpf T. , Wieding J. , Hammer N. , Schulze M. , Souffrant R. , Bader R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Bone specimens obtained for biomechanical experiments are fresh-frozen for storage to slow down tissue degradation and autolysis in long-term storage. Alternatively, due to infectious risks related to the fresh tissues, fixative agents are commonly used. However, fixatives will likely change the mechanical properties of bone. Existing studies on this issue gave controversial results that are hardly comparable due to a variety of measurement approaches. For this reason, the influence of ethanol and a formalin-based fixative agent was evaluated on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone specimens by means of four-point-bending tests. 127 prismatic specimens with rectangular cross sections (2.5 x 2.5 x 20 mm3) were obtained from different regions of two fresh human femora (medial, lateral, dorsal, ventral). Specimens were either fixed in ethanol or in a mixed formalin solution or frozen following a given scheme. After two weeks of storage the samples were re-hydrated in isotonic saline and subsequently tested mechanically. The elastic bending modulus and ultimate bending strength were computed considering the actual dimensions of each specific specimen. For statistical analysis a one-way-ANOVA and an LSD post-hoc-test were performed. For ultimate bending strength no significant differences due to formalin or ethanol fixation, as compared to unfixed-fresh bone specimens could be found. And only for few cases significant differences in elastic bending modulus were observed when the two bones were evaluated separately. Since more differences of significant level due to the anatomical region of the samples were determined, the original location seems to have more influence on the evaluated mechanical properties than the method of (chemical) fixation. Consequently, ethanol and the mixed formalin solution can be recommended as a fixation agent for samples in biomechanical testing, if these samples are rinsed in isotonic saline prior to static mechanical testing.
FPGA controlled artificial vascular system
Authors: Laqua D. , Brieskorn C. , Koch J. H. , Rothmayer M. , Zeiske S. , Böttrich M. , Ley S. , Husar P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Monitoring the oxygen saturation of an unborn child is an invasive procedure, so far. Transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry is a promising method under research, used to estimate the oxygen saturation of a fetus noninvasively. Due to the nature of the method, the fetal information needs to be extracted from a mixed signal. To properly evaluate signal processing algorithms, a phantom modeling fetal and maternal blood circuits and tissue layers is necessary. This paper presents an improved hardware concept for an artificial vascular system, utilizing an FPGA based CompactRIO System from National Instruments. The experimental model to simulate the maternal and fetal blood pressure curve consists of two identical hydraulic circuits. Each of these circuits consists of a pre-pressure system and an artificial vascular system. Pulse curves are generated by proportional valves, separating these two systems. The dilation of the fetal and maternal artificial vessels in tissue substitutes is measured by transmissive and reflective photoplethysmography. The measurement results from the pressure sensors and the transmissive optical sensors are visualized to show the functionality of the pulse generating systems. The trigger frequency for the maternal valve was set to 1 per second, the fetal valve was actuated at 0.7 per second for validation. The reflective curve, capturing pulsations of the fetal and maternal circuit, was obtained with a high power LED (905 nm) as light source. The results show that the system generates pulse curves, similar to its physiological equivalent. Further, the acquired reflective optical signal is modulated by the alternating diameter of the tubes of both circuits, allowing for tests of signal processing algorithms.
Use cases and usability challenges for head-mounted displays in healthcare
Authors: Mentler T. , Wolters C. , Herczeg M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In the healthcare domain, head-mounted displays (HMDs) with augmented reality (AR) modalities have been reconsidered for application as a result of commercially available products and the needs for using computers in mobile context. Within a user-centered design approach, interviews were conducted with physicians, nursing staff and members of emergency medical services. Additionally practitioners were involved in evaluating two different head-mounted displays. Based on these measures, use cases and usability considerations according to interaction design and information visualization were derived and are described in this contribution.
Device- and service profiles for integrated or systems based on open standards
Authors: Mildner Alexander , Janß Armin , Dell’Anna-Pudlik Jasmin , Merz Paul , Leucker Martin , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Integrated OR systems nowadays are closed and proprietary, so that the interconnection of components from third-party vendors is only possible with high time and cost effort. An integrated operating theatre with open interfaces, giving clinical operators the opportunity to choose individual medical devices from different manufacturers, is currently being developed in the framework of the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) funded project OR.NET [1]. Actual standards and concepts regarding technical feasibility and accreditation process do not cope with the requirements for modular integration based on an open standard. Therefore, strategies as well as service and device profiles to enable a procedure for risk management and certifiability are in the focus of the project work. Amongst others, a concept for User Interface Profiles (UI-Profiles) has been conceived in order to describe medical device functions and the entire user interface regarding Human-Machine-Interaction (HMI) characteristics with the aim to identify human-induced risks of central user interfaces. The use of standardized device and service profiles shall allow the manufacturers to integrate their medical devices in the OR.NET network, without disclosing the medical devices’ risk analysis and related confidential knowledge or proprietary information.
The role of self-leadership in service leadership
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ma Cecilia M.S. , Liu Ting Ting , Siu Andrew M.H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOne of the core beliefs of the service leadership curriculum proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management is that ‘Every day, every human occupies a position of leadership and possesses the potential to improve his leadership quality and effectiveness’. This core belief is in sharp contrast to some of the mainstream leadership theories that only a few people and elites can be leaders. In this paper, a lecture plan regarding the nature of self-leadership with reference to service leadership is presented. The topics include definitions and concepts of self-leadership, relationships between self-leadership and service leadership, ways to promote self-leadership, and conclusions and reflections. During the lecture, students are also encouraged to reflect on how well they lead their lives, with reference to the concepts of self-management, self-monitoring, and self-improvement.
On Time-Averaged CFD Modeling of Circulating Fluidized Beds
Authors: Taivassalo Veikko , Kallio Sirpa , Peltola Juho 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
CFD simulations of single-phase flows are regularly performed as steady-state utilizing closure models of varying complexity. On the contrary, dense gas-solid flows are usually computed as time dependent. These simulations commonly require a small time step and a fine mesh resulting in costly and time-consuming computations. In case of large industrial circulating fluidized beds (CFB), the steady-state CFD modeling would be an attractive alternative for the transient simulations, if reliable closure models for the time-averaged transport equations were available. The multiphase closure models developed for time-dependent CFB computations are not as such applicable to the steady-state approach. For instance, the fraction of the momentum transfer expressed by the velocities is significantly smaller in the steady-state models than in the transient ones. Therefore, the steady-state simulations rely more on the closure relations and especially on the models for inter-phase momentum transfer and for the Reynolds stress terms.
Several attempts to develop closure models for coarsemesh and steady-state simulations have been presented in the literature. In this paper, a novel steady-state simulation approach for a CFB process and a corresponding CFD model are introduced. A successful steady-state simulation for a test case is presented. Compared to the time-dependent simulations, the computing time is reduced by a factor of an order of 1000.
Learner Inclinations to Study Computer Science or Information Systems at Tertiary Level
Authors: Jacobs C , Sewry DA 
Published: September 2015

After the so‐called “dot‐com crash” of the Internet in the early 2000s, tertiary level student enrolments in IT‐related
subjects began to experience a significant decline both in international countries and South Africa. The paper replicates
research done in the Western Cape, South Africa, by Seymour et al. (2005) [20], in which grade 12 learner inclinations to study
Computer Science (CS) and Information Systems (IS) at tertiary level were analysed and underlying factors affecting their
interest in the subjects were determined. The study analyses the “misguided” perceptions that learners and students have of
these subjects; the implications of the decline in enrolments on students, educational sectors and industry; and determines a set
of underlying factors that influence learners in their attitudes toward further degrees in IT, starting from the secondary level of
education.
The research compares South African Eastern Cape learner perceptions with those from the Western Cape study and establishes
three to four years later, that the reasons behind the decline in IT enrolments are still influenced by an underlying demographic
and digital divide.
Platelet‐Poor and Platelet‐Rich Plasma Stimulate Bone Lineage Differentiation in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Authors: Martínez Constanza E. , González Sergio A. , Palma Verónica , Smith Patricio C. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Plasma‐derived fractions have been used as an autologous source of growth factors; however, limited knowledge concerning their biologic effects has hampered their clinical application. In this study, the authors analyze the content and specific effect of both platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) on osteoblastic differentiation using primary cultures of human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPLSCs).Methods: The authors evaluated the growth factor content of PRP and PPP using a proteome profiler array and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. HPLSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and differentiation assays. The effect of PRP and PPP on HPLSC bone differentiation was analyzed by quantifying calcium deposition after 14 and 21 days of treatment.Results: Albeit at different concentrations, the two fractions had similar profiles of growth factors, the most representative being platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms (PDGF‐AA, ‐BB, and ‐AB), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐2, and IGFBP‐6. Both formulations exerted a comparable stimulus on osteoblastic differentiation even at low doses (2.5%), increasing calcium deposits in HPLSCs.Conclusions: PRP and PPP showed a similar protein profile and exerted comparable effects on bone differentiation. Further studies are needed to characterize and compare the effects of PPP and PRP on bone healing in vivo.
Darcy and non-Darcy Flows in Fractured Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Mustapha Hussein , de Langavant Louis , Giddins Marie Ann 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the application of Forchheimer’s model in flow problems where high sensitivity to capillary pressure is involved. The Forchheimer equation is basically composed of a Darcy term and a non-Darcy term to account for the inertial effects involved by high flow rates inside porous media. However, the Forchheimer equation does not offer an easy and systematic approach for estimating the flow, given that the β parameter, a non-Darcy flow coefficient, also known as the Forchheimer coefficient, is specific to different reservoir characteristics and must be determined accurately through experiments. It is, therefore, very important, before applying the Forchheimer model, to have an idea of its domain of applicability.
It is commonly accepted that non-Darcy flow may occur especially in gas reservoirs, fractured reservoirs, near-wellbore regions, and inside wells. But the limits of the Forchheimer model limits are not clearly defined and its impact at field scale for reservoir engineering purposes is not very well established. This paper presents one possible domain of applicability of the Forchheimer model for a fractured gas reservoir model with water injection. The model has been designed to approach the conditions requiring the use of the Forchheimer model, which are high rates and high permeability. Oil and gas fractured reservoirs with water injection are also known to be very sensitive to capillary pressure data. Capillary pressure is a determinant parameter influencing fluid mobility in two-phase reservoirs. The determining of accurate capillary pressure data is essential to get satisfying results, especially in fractured reservoirs. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of capillary pressure on non-Darcy flows and compares the results with the results predicted by the Darcy model.
On Robust and Efficient Parallel Reservoir Simulation on Tianhe-2
Authors: Guan Wenchao , Qiao Changhe , Zhang Hongxuan , Zhang Chen-Song , Zhi Meipeng , Zhu Zhifan , Zheng Zhenying , Ye Weicai , Zhang Yongdong , Hu Xiaozhe , Li Zheng , Feng Chunsheng , Xu Yuesheng , Xu Jinchao 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Parallel reservoir simulators are now widely used with availability of super computers. Modern massively parallel supercomputers demonstrate great power for simulating large-scale reservoir models. However, improving scalability and efficiency for fully implicit methods on emerging parallel architectures is still challenging. In this paper, we present a robust discretization together with a parallel linear solver algorithm; and we explore the parallel implementation on the world’s fastest supercomputer Tianhe-2.
Starting with a general compositional model, we focus on the black oil model and developed Parallel eXtension Framework for parallelizing the serial simulator. A parallel preconditioner based on fast auxiliary space preconditioning (FASP) is applied to solve the Jacobian system arising from the fully implicit discretization. The parallel simulator was validated using large-scale black oil benchmark problems, for which parallel scalabilities were tested. Giant reservoir models with over 100 million grid blocks have been simulated within a few minutes, and test the strong scalability of AMG solver with 1 billion unknown. We also demonstrate the parallelization and acceleration using Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. In the end, the efficiency of the parallel simulator is illustrated by a giant reservoir using up to 10,000 cores, for which the CPU and communication time are summarized for the linear and nonlinear algorithms.
Impact of Wellbore Orientation on Fracture Initiation Pressure in Maximum Tensile Stress Criterion Model for Tight Gas Field in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Briner Andreas , Florez Juan Chavez , Nadezhdin Sergey , Gurmen Nihat , Alekseenko Olga , Cherny Sergey , Kuranakov Dmitry , Lapin Vasily 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The goal of the present work is to numerically simulate the effects of wellbore orientation on fracture initiation pressure (FIP). These simulations support the study of FIP sensitivity to arbitrary wellbore position and finding the orientations that correspond to the lowest FIP. A 3D numerical model of the fracture initiation from a perforated wellbore in linear elastic rock is used to model FIP. This model is based on the boundary element method (BEM) and maximum tensile stress (MTS) criterion. The data used were from different zones and blocks of a tight gas-bearing sandstone field in the Sultanate of Oman. The amount and quality of available data allowed comprehensive model development. The model is built for the four blocks of the main field, but can be applied to the other blocks and fields. Since the equations and correlations are not empirical and not field-specific, the model is applicable to a wide range of conditions. Some practical applications of the study include selection of the optimum perforated intervals intended for fracturing stimulation in deviated or almost horizontal wellbores where different parts of lateral sections are not exactly aligned with principal stresses. Drilling wells in a particular direction to the principal stresses for the specific reason to reduce the FIP has not been tested to date and is a subject to further discussion.
Capillary Pressure Considerations in Numerical Reservoir Simulation Studies-Conclusion Maps
Authors: Shams M.. , El-Banbi A. H. , Khairy M.. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Capillary pressure has been typically used for reservoir simulation model initialization where the initial fluids saturations are distributed all over the model. Different transition zones are set to avoid abrupt change from the minimum to the maximum saturation of any reservoir fluid, and consequently it directly affects the volumes of original fluids in place. After the step of initialization, the effect of capillary pressure on reservoir performance may not be fully understood for different drive mechanisms. In non-fractured reservoirs numerical simulation studies, capillary pressure is sometimes completely ignored during model construction and validation. On the other hand, in fractured reservoirs simulation studies, zero capillary pressure in fractures is usually used without a clear understanding of how this parameter affects the simulation accuracy.
The aim of this work is to show the effect of both oil-water and gas-oil capillary pressures on the numerical simulation of reservoirs producing under natural depletion, water injection, and gas injection recovery processes over a wide range of reservoirs and production parameters. Capillary pressure effects are studied for both fractured and non-fractured reservoirs.
For fractured reservoirs, both matrix and fracture capillary pressures effects were investigated when capillary pressure imbibition is the only drive mechanism and when both capillary pressure imbibition and gravity drainage recovery mechanisms are active together. To quantify this effect, simulation results of large and small transition zones were compared with models of zero transition zones and three difference indicators were calculated for each run. Hundreds of runs were made to quantify these effects in a variety of reservoir heterogeneity levels.
For both fractured and non-fractured reservoirs, it was found that capillary pressure effects are different for different recovery processes. While capillary pressure is usually important for initialization, it may not be as important during flow calculations in every situation. In general capillary pressure is more important in depletion runs than in most displacement runs. It was found that no clear correlation existed between capillary pressure effects and the level of reservoir heterogeneity. Also, fracture gas-oil capillary pressure is important under certain conditions for fractured reservoirs. A field model, based on real data, was also used to confirm the results obtained from hypothetical models and validate the study conclusions. Finally, guidelines were developed to show when capillary pressure was important and when it can be ignored.
This work is to complete the research done and published in Shams et al. (2013) and Shams (2014). Additional runs were performed to validate the results. The results and study conclusions are derived in shape of conclusion maps to be easier to use.