bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focused Ion Beam Processing of Superconducting Junctions and SQUID Based Devices
Authors: Cox David C. , Gallop John C. , Hao Ling 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFocused ion beam (FIB) has found a steady and growing use as a tool for fabrication, particularly in the length-scale of micrometres down to nanometres. Traditionally more commonly used for materials characterisation, FIB is continually finding new research areas in a growing number of laboratories. For example, over the last ten years the number of FIB instruments in the U.K. alone has gone from single figures, largely supplied by a single manufacturer, to many tens of instruments supplied by several competing manufacturers. Although the smaller of the two research areas, FIB fabrication has found itself to be incredibly powerful in the modification and fabrication of devices for all kinds of experimentation. Here we report our use of FIB in the production of Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) and other closely related devices for metrological applications. This is an area ideally suited to FIB fabrication as the required precision is very high, the number of required devices is relatively low, but the flexibility of using FIB means that a large range of smallbatch, and often unique, devices can be constructed quickly and with very short lead times.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Chromosome 11 with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bauze Daiga , Piekuse Linda , Kevere Laura , Kronberga Zane , Riževs Arnis , Vaivade Iveta , Vīksne Kristīne , Andrēziņa Raisa , Lāce Baiba 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Several genetic loci in chromosomes 11 and 15 have recently been associated with non-syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in populations from North America and Europe. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such an association exists in a Latvian population. Ninety-five patients with ASD in the age range 3–20 years (mean age 8 years, SD 3.18) participated in the study. The control group consisted of 161 healthy, non-related individuals without ASD randomly selected from the Latvian Genome Database. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) — rs11212733, SNP rs1394119, rs2421826, rs1454985 — were genotyped by the TaqMan method. Allele frequency differences between ASD patients and control subjects were compared for each SNP using a standard chi-square test with Bonferroni correction. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05 for nominal association. Only the genetic marker rs11212733, localised on the long arm of chromosome 11 in locus 22.3, was found to be strongly associated with the ASD patient group (χ2 6.982, Padjusted 0.033, odds ratio 1.625). Our data demonstrating a significant relationship between the SNP rs11212733 and the development of ASD in a Latvian population suggest that it is not a population-specific relationship. Thus, future studies focusing on the DDX10 gene and related genetic loci are needed.
Low permeability Neogene lithofacies in Northern Croatia as potential unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs
Authors: Malvić Tomislav , Sučić Antonija , Cvetković Marko , Resanović Filip , Velić Josipa 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We present two examples of describing low permeability Neogene clastic lithofacies to outline unconventional hydrocarbon lithofacies. Both examples were selected from the Drava Depression, the largest macrostructure of the Pannonian Basin System located in Croatia. The first example is the Beničanci Field, the largest Croatian hydrocarbon reservoir discovered in Badenian coarse-grained clastics that consists mostly of breccia. The definition of low permeability lithofacies is related to the margins of the existing reservoir, where the reservoir lithology changed into a transitional one, which is mainly depicted by the marlitic sandstones. However, calculation of the POS (probability of success of new hydrocarbons) shows critical geological categories where probabilities are lower than those in the viable reservoir with proven reserves. Potential new hydrocarbon volumes are located in the structural margins, along the oil-water contact, with a POS of 9.375%. These potential reserves in those areas can be classified as probable. A second example was the Cremušina Structure, where a hydrocarbon reservoir was not proven, but where the entire structure has been transferred onto regional migration pathways. The Lower Pontian lithology is described from well logs as fine-grained sandstones with large sections of silty or marly clastics. As a result, the average porosity is low for conventional reservoir classification (10.57%). However, it is still an interesting case for consideration as a potentially unconventional reservoir, such as the ”tight” sandstones.
Trichodinids (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Of Perccottus Glenii (Actinopterygii, Odontobutidae) In Three Ukrainian Rivers
Authors: Drobiniak O. , Kutsokon Yu. , Kvach Yu. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Trichodinids (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) of Perccottus glenii (Actinopterygii, Odontobutidae) in Three Ukrainian Rivers. Drobiniak, O., Kutsokon, Yu., Kvach, Yu. — The Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 (Actinopterygii, Odontobutidae), alien for Ukrainian rivers, was examined for presence of trichodinids (Ciliopora, Peritrichia). Six species belonging to the genus Trichodina were found: Trichodina acuta Lom, 1961; T. intermedia Lom, 1961; T. mutabilis Kazubski et Migala, 1968; T. nigra Lom, 1960; T. pediculus Ehrenberg, 1838; T. perforata Lom, Golemansky et Grupcheva, 1976. For the first time for Chinese slipper, T. perforata and T. intermedia were recorded. Morphometric data of all found species were compared with those from previous descriptions.
Variability of Structural and Biomechanical Parameters of Pelophylax Esculentus (Amphibia, Anura) Limb Bones
Authors: Broshko Ye. O. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Variability of Structural and Biomechanical Prameters of Pelophylax esculentus (Amphibia, Anura) Limb Bones. Broshko Ye. O. — Structural and biomechanical parameters of Edible Frog, Pelophylax esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758), limb bones, namely, mass, linear dimensions, parameters of the shaft’s cross-sectional shape (cross-sectional area, moments of inertia, radiuses of inertia) were investigated. Some coefficients were also estimated: diameters ratio (df/ds), cross-sectional index (ik), principal moments of inertia ratio (Imax/Imin.). Coefficients of variation of linear dimensions (11.9-20.0 %) anrelative bone mass (22-35 %) were established. Moments of inertia of various bones are more variable (CV = 41.67-56.35 %) in relation to radii of inertia (CV = 9.68-14.67 %). Shaft’s cross-sectional shape is invariable in all cases. However, there is high individual variability of structural and biomechanical parameters of P. esculentus limb bones. Variability of parameters was limited by the certain range. We suggest the presence of stable norm in bone structure. Stylopodium bones have the primary biomechanical function among the elements of limb skeleton, because their parameters most clearly responsive to changes in body mass.
Chronology of the Klip River Affair of 1847
Authors: Leśniewski Michał 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of the present article is the reconstruction of the chronology of the klip River affair of 1847. Reading primary sources and literature for the natal history in the 1840s I realized that the chronology of the klip River affair is incomplete and incorrect, a d that this affects the analyses of this affair and the whole situation of natal colony at that time. Therefore the decision to reconstruct the chronology of this affair as much as possible and put it straight, in hope that it will be helpful for further studies of kwaZulunatal history during 1840s and 1850s.
Mouthing Off: The Negativity of Monologue in Mac Wellman’s A Murder of Crows
Authors: Jarcho Julia 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT: This article examines how monologue functions in the work of American playwright Mac Wellman, focusing on his 1992 play, A Murder of Crows. Many of the features that mark Wellman’s work as “experimental” are already familiar to readers of canonical modernist and postmodern dramatists, like Gertrude Stein, Samuel Beckett, and Suzan-Lori Parks. Nevertheless, attending to Wellman’s language can challenge a pervasive tendency in theatre studies: the consensus that monologue, particularly in contemporary or postdramatic theatre, is fundamentally a form of heightened communication with the audience. Engaging arguments by Hans-Thies Lehmann and other scholars, the article argues that A Murder of Crows uses monologue to withdraw from the co-presence of the theatrical audience. Defiantly solitary, this kind of monologue resists communication in the present, turning theatre into the site of a utopian protest.
Anmerkungen zur Auslegung und zum sicheren Betrieb von Radsatzwellen aus der Sicht von Betriebsfestigkeit und Bruchmechanik
Authors: Zerbst Uwe , Klinger Christian 
Published: July 2014

KurzfassungDie Sicherheit von Radsatzwellen beruht gegenwärtig auf zwei Säulen: der Schwingfestigkeitsauslegung und periodischen Inspektionen. Ausgehend von einem Schadensfall, der gebrochenen ICE 3-Welle von Köln, 2008, werden ausgewählte Aspekte dieser beiden Säulen diskutiert und Vorschläge zur weiteren Verbesserung gemacht. Diese betreffen u. a. Fragen einer Betriebszeitbegrenzung, Veränderungen der Schwingfestigkeit während des Betriebs infolge von Korrosion und Steinschlag, den Einfluss von Korrosion auf Schwingrissinitiierung und -fortschritt, den potenziellen Einfluss nichtmetallischer Einschlüsse auf die Schwingfestigkeit, die Möglichkeiten, sie im Rahmen der Qualitätssicherung zu detektieren, sowie Fragen der Bruchmechanik und der Zuverlässigkeit zerstörungsfreier Schwingriss-Prüfverfahren im Rahmen eines Konzepts regelmäßiger Inspektionen.
Betriebsfestigkeitsanalyse von CFK-Bauteilen mit statischen Versagenskriterien
Authors: Orth Matthias , Butz Michael , Gaier Christian 
Published: July 2014

KurzfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag stellt den derzeitigen Stand einer laufenden Untersuchung zur Schwingfestigkeitsbewertung von Strukturen aus kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) exemplarisch anhand ausgewählter Laminate vor. Hierbei steht die Anwendbarkeit in den Fahrzeugentwicklungsprojekten im Vordergrund. Zwischen erzielbarer Genauigkeit und dem erforderlichen Aufwand, z. B. für die Gewinnung der Eingangsdaten, ist abzuwägen. Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe zeigen stark anisotropes Verhalten und verschiedene Versagensmechanismen. Die hier beschriebene Methode überträgt für die Beschreibung der statischen Festigkeit verwendete Versagenskriterien auf die Schwingfestigkeit. Die Methode ist in einer Beta-Version in der Software FEMFAT von Magna ECS implementiert und wird derzeit validiert.
Coherency and Grain Size Effects on Solidification Crack Growth in Aluminum Welds
Authors: Coniglio Nicolas , Cross Carl E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA mass balance model has been evaluated that estimates the critical conditions for sustaining continuous crack growth in the mushy weld zone. With the aid of a strain partition model, the critical local strain rate (across the weld) has been related to the critical grain boundary deformation rate needed for crack growth. In the present work, these two models are applied to aluminum welds to investigate the theoretical effects of several metallurgical factors on solidification cracking susceptibility. Calculations quantify the improved cracking resistance associated with a smaller coherent temperature range, grain refinement, high solid fraction at coherency, and rapid development of tensile strength through solid-solid bonding.
Heat Treatment Response of Nb Alloyed Cast High Speed Tool Steel
Authors: Yilmaz Alpay 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHigh speed steels (HSS) are iron-based alloys containing Fe-C-X where X represents a group of alloying elements which includes Cr, W, Mo, V, and Co, respectively. A major issue associated with these steels is the formation of a network of eutectic phases at the end of solidification. This network, beside the primary MC, which contains austenite and lamellar M2C or skeleton M6C carbides reduces the toughness and the hardness. In this study a new niobium alloyed HSS is designed that is different from known high speed steels. The objective is to produce cast high speed tool steel without the need for hot working. The microstructure was modified by niobium additions and an optimized heat treatment. Niobium helps to control precipitation of monocarbides from the liquid phase, thus decreasing the formation of brittle interdendritic eutectic carbide films and increasing toughness. Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated samples of this modified steel were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Heat treatments were developed to optimize the microstructural and mechanical properties of this niobium alloyed cast high speed steel.
Hot-Shakerprüfung für den Lebensdauernachweis an Euro-IV-Abgasanlagen von Nutzfahrzeugen
Authors: Schönfeld Falk , Streicher Manfred , Grosskopf Rainer , Semsch Martin , Schelenz Andreas , Hamann Alexander 
Published: July 2014

KurzfassungIm Rahmen der technischen Freigabe von Abgasanlagen für Nutzfahrzeuge ist zur Sicherung hoher Zuverlässigkeit ein betriebslastengerechter Nachweis der Lebensdauer der heißgasbeaufschlagten Bauteile er­forderlich. Für diesen Zweck wurden eine Prüfmethodik und ein entsprechender Prüfstand entwickelt. Mit dem neu entwickelten Hot-Shaker-Prüfstand steht ein praxisgerechtes Instrument für den Lebensdauernachweis an NfZ-Abgasanlagen bereit. Fragestellungen zur Modularisierung und Standardisierung von Abgasanlagen und zum Einsatz kostengünstiger Werkstoffe und Fertigungsverfahren können damit effizient bearbeitet werden.
Los medios online y la ¿crisis? de la planificación de medios publicitarios
Authors: Papí Gálvez Natalia 
Published: July 2014

Los medios online representan actualmente una gran apuesta para la publicidad. Desde la planificación de medios publicitarios, los nuevos medios ofrecen otros caminos para llegar al público, pero añaden mayor complejidad. La capacidad comunicativa de los medios online y el mayor consumo de esos medios por parte de la población abre el debate de la necesidad de replantear el enfoque de la planificación de medios, digamos, tradicional, cuya estructura y procesos de trabajo se desarrollaron cuando los medios eran offline.Los medios online representan actualmente una gran apuesta para la publicidad. Desde la planificación de medios publicitarios, los nuevos medios ofrecen otros caminos para llegar al público, pero añaden mayor complejidad. La capacidad comunicativa de los medios online y el mayor consumo de esos medios por parte de la población abre el debate de la necesidad de replantear el enfoque de la planificación de medios, digamos, tradicional, cuya estructura y procesos de trabajo se desarrollaron cuando los medios eran offline. Así, este artículo proporciona una panorámica general de la influencia de los nuevos medios en la planificación. Para ello, en primer lugar, describe el escenario actual, analizando la penetración y las inversiones publicitarias en Internet. Además, expone los principales soportes online según su proximidad a la concepción de la planificación de medios offline. En segundo lugar, aborda los retos actuales en la medición de los nuevos medios como síntoma del impulso del cambio de modelo. Finalmente, el artículo termina exponiendo algunas tendencias que se presentan como motores de cambio. Sin embargo, tras este análisis se advierte que tales aspectos no modificarían la esencia de la planificación de medios, por lo que cabe cuestionarse si se puede hablar de crisis, o si los nuevos medios están mostrando la necesidad de que la investigación y planificación se comprometa con este nuevo escenario.
Can we do better than the grid survey: Optimal synoptic surveys in presence of variable uncertainty and decorrelation scales
Authors: Frolov Sergey , Garau Bartolame , Bellingham James 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRegular grid (“lawnmower”) survey is a classical strategy for synoptic sampling of the ocean. Is it possible to achieve a more effective use of available resources if one takes into account a priori knowledge about variability in magnitudes of uncertainty and decorrelation scales? In this article, we develop and compare the performance of several path‐planning algorithms: optimized “lawnmower,” a graph‐search algorithm (A*), and a fully nonlinear genetic algorithm. We use the machinery of the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) to quantify the ability of a vehicle fleet to synoptically map distribution of phytoplankton off the central California coast. We used satellite and in situ data to specify covariance information required by the BLUE estimator. Computational experiments showed that two types of sampling strategies are possible: a suboptimal space‐filling design (produced by the “lawnmower” and the A* algorithms) and an optimal uncertainty‐aware design (produced by the genetic algorithm). Unlike the space‐filling designs that attempted to cover the entire survey area, the optimal design focused on revisiting areas of high uncertainty. Results of the multivehicle experiments showed that fleet performance predictors, such as cumulative speed or the weight of the fleet, predicted the performance of a homogeneous fleet well; however, these were poor predictors for comparing the performance of different platforms.
Implications for melt transport and source heterogeneity in upwelling mantle from the magnitude of Sp converted phases generated at the onset of melting
Authors: Havlin C. , Parmentier E. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecently detected converted phases in upwelling mantle have been attributed to seismic velocity gradients at the onset of melting. In this study, we investigate conditions required to generate a melting onset phase by combining melt migration models with synthetic receiver functions. We find that increasing upwelling velocity, increasing mantle viscosity, and decreasing water content in the mantle source increases the predicted strength of a melting onset phase. Differences in these parameters between study regions may explain observed variations in converted phase magnitude. For a wet mantle source, the amplitude of synthetic receiver functions, calculated using a standard relationship for dependence of seismic velocity on melt fraction, is lower than observed amplitudes. One possibility is that the observed receiver functions indicate a heterogeneous mantle source in which wet and dry components melt independently. Alternatively, the dependence of seismic velocity on melt fraction at very low melt fractions may be much stronger than that used here, as suggested in recent studies.
Impacts of nonbreaking wave‐stirring‐induced mixing on the upper ocean thermal structure and typhoon intensity in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Yineng , Peng Shiqiu , Wang Jia , Yan Jing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo investigate the effect of nonbreaking wave‐induced mixing caused by surface wave stirring on the upper ocean thermal structure (UOTS) and the typhoon intensity, a simple nonbreaking wave‐stirring‐induced mixing parameterization (WMP) scheme is incorporated into a regional coupled atmosphere‐ocean model for the South China Sea (SCS), which couples the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using the OASIS3 coupler. The results of simulating two selected typhoon cases indicate that the nonbreaking wave‐stirring‐induced mixing has significant impacts on UOTS and the typhoon intensity, and the incorporation of the simple WMP scheme in the coupled model helps to improve the simulation of UOTS and thus the typhoon intensity. In the case that the typhoon intensity is underestimated by the atmosphere model alone, the improvement of initial UOTS by the ocean model with the WMP included can deepen the initial thermocline depth, reduce the effect of SST cooling, and prevent the typhoon intensity from undesired weakening. In the case that the typhoon intensity is overestimated (with strong winds), including the WMP in the ocean model significantly enhances the total vertical mixing rate in the upper ocean, which in turn enhances the SST cooling and thus reduces the typhoon intensity as desired. The results obtained in this study make a contribution to the ongoing efforts of improving the typhoon intensity forecast using a regional atmosphere‐ocean coupled model by worldwide researchers and forecasters, especially for the typhoons in the SCS regions.
Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami
Authors: Saito Tatsuhiko , Inazu Daisuke , Miyoshi Takayuki , Hino Ryota 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study reveals the roles of the wave dispersion and nonlinear effects for the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami. We conducted tsunami simulations based on the nonlinear dispersive equations with a high‐resolution source model. The simulations successfully reproduced the waveforms recorded in the offshore, deep sea, and focal areas. The calculated inundation area coincided well with the actual inundation for the Sendai Plain, which was the widest inundation area during this event. By conducting sets of simulations with different tsunami equations, we obtained the followings insights into the wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, and energy dissipation for this event. Although the wave dispersion was neglected in most studies, the maximum amplitude was significantly overestimated in the deep sea if the dispersion was not included. The waveform observed at the station with the largest tsunami height (∼2 m) among the deep‐ocean stations also verified the necessity of the dispersion. It is well known that the nonlinear effects play an important role for the propagation of a tsunami into bays and harbors. Additionally, nonlinear effects need to be considered to accurately model later waves, even for offshore stations. In particular, including nonlinear terms rather than the inundation was more important when precisely modeling the waves reflected from the coast.
Impact of climate change on the northwestern Mediterranean Sea pelagic planktonic ecosystem and associated carbon cycle
Authors: Herrmann Marine , Estournel Claude , Adloff Fanny , Diaz Frédéric 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NWMS) is biologically one of the most productive Mediterranean regions. NWMS pelagic planktonic ecosystem is strongly influenced by hydrodynamics, in particular by deep convection that could significantly weaken under the influence of climate change. Here we investigate the response of this ecosystem and associated carbon cycle to the long‐term evolution of oceanic and atmospheric circulations. For that we developed a tridimensional coupled physical‐biogeochemical model and performed two groups of annual simulations under the climate conditions of respectively the 20th and the end of 21st centuries. Our results suggest that the evolution of oceanic and atmospheric circulations does not modify the NWMS pelagic planktonic ecosystem and associated carbon cycle at a first order. However, differences mainly induced by the deep convection weakening and the surface warming are obtained at a second order. The spring bloom occurs 1 month earlier. Resulting from the decrease in nutrients availability, the bottom up control of phytoplankton development and bacteria growth by the nitrogen and phosphorus availability strengthens and the microbial loop intensifies as the small‐sized plankton biomass increases. Carbon net fixation and deep export do not change significantly. The choice of the biogeochemical initial and boundary conditions does not change the representation of the ecosystem seasonal cycle, but the associated uncertainty range can be one order of magnitude larger than the predicted interannual and long‐term variabilities. The uncertainty range of long‐term trends associated with the physical forcing (hydrological, atmospheric, hydrodynamical, and socioeconomic) is much smaller (<10%).