bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Light Intensity on Surface Free Energy and Dentin Bond Strength of Core Build-up Resins
Authors: Shimizu Y , Tsujimoto A , Furuichi T , Suzuki T , Tsubota K , Miyazaki M , Platt JA 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARY

Objective
We examined the influence of light intensity on surface free energy characteristics and dentin bond strength of dual-cure direct core build-up resin systems.

Methods
Two commercially available dual-cure direct core build-up resin systems, Clearfil DC Core Automix with Clearfil Bond SE One and UniFil Core EM with Self-Etching Bond, were studied. Bovine mandibular incisors were mounted in acrylic resin and the facial dentin surfaces were wet ground on 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Adhesives were applied to dentin surfaces and cured with light intensities of 0 (no irradiation), 200, 400, and 600 mW/cm2. The surface free energy of the adhesives (five samples per group) was determined by measuring the contact angles of three test liquids placed on the cured adhesives. To determine the strength of the dentin bond, the core build-up resin pastes were condensed into the mold on the adhesive-treated dentin surfaces according to the methods described for the surface free energy measurement. The resin pastes were cured with the same light intensities as those used for the adhesives. Ten specimens per group were stored in water maintained at 37°C for 24 hours, after which they were shear tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute in a universal testing machine. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey-Kramer test were performed, with the significance level set at 0.05.

Results
The surface free energies of the adhesive-treated dentin surfaces decreased with an increase in the light intensity of the curing unit. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the type of core build-up system and the light intensity significantly influence the bond strength, although there was no significant interaction between the two factors. The highest bond strengths were achieved when the resin pastes were cured with the strongest light intensity for all the core build-up systems. When polymerized with a light intensity of 200 mW/cm2 or less, significantly lower bond strengths were observed.

Conclusions
The data suggest that the dentin bond strength of core build-up systems are still affected by the light intensity of the curing unit, which is based on the surface free energy of the adhesives. On the basis of the results and limitations of the test conditions used in this study, it appears that a light intensity of &gt;400 mW/cm2 may be required for achieving the optimal dentin bond strength.
The Importance of Local Eosinophilia in the Surgical Outcome of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A 3-Year Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Vlaminck Stephan , Vauterin Tom , Hellings Peter W. , Jorissen Mark , Acke Frederic , Van Cauwenberge Paul , Bachert Claus , Gevaert Philippe 
Published: May 2014

Background Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyps (CRSwNP/CRSsNP) benefit from endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), with an estimated success rate of 80%. At present, the influence on clinical outcome after ESS of eosinophils, eosinophilic mucin (EM), and fungal hyphae (FH) in secretions remains unclear. By delineating CRS groups and subgroups based on the finding of eosinophils, EM, and FH, differences in recurrence after ESS were investigated. Methods A prospective monocenter study including 221 CRS patients who were unresponsive to medical treatment and underwent ESS was performed. All tissue and sinonasal secretions were microscopically examined for the presence of eosinophils, EM, and FH. Patients were followed for 3 years after surgery. Recurrence was defined according to the European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Results In total, 96 CRSwNP and 125 CRSsNP patients were included. Tissue eosinophils were found in 78% of CRSwNP patients compared with 42% in CRSsNP patients. EM was observed in 52% of the CRSwNP group versus 20% of the CRSsNP group. Furthermore, secretion analysis revealed FH in 7% of CRS. Recurrence in the total group was 22% over 3 years. CRSwNP patients with tissue eosinophilic involvement showed a recurrence rate of 48%, and those with additional EM showed recurrence in 56%. Conclusion The presence of eosinophils in tissue or airway secretions greatly increases the risk of recurrent disease in CRSwNP patients. The finding of tissue eosinophilia and EM provides valuable information regarding the increased likelihood of CRS recurrence after ESS, whereas the finding of FH does not.
Comparison of Topical Anesthetic Effects of Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Ropivacaine, and Bupivacaine in Transnasal Fiberoptic Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy
Authors: Özkırış Mahmut , Aydın Reha , Gencer Zeliha Kapusuz , Saydam Levent 
Published: May 2014

Background This study was designed to investigate the topical anesthetic efficacy of four different solutions including lidocaine spray, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and prilocaine used in patients undergoing transnasal fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopic examination (TFL). Methods The study included 200 patients who underwent anterior rhinoscopy and TFL examination as a part of routine otolaryngological evaluation in our outpatient clinics. Of these, 111 were female and 89 were male patients. The mean age of the patients was 32 ± 8 years (aged between 19 and 55 years). The patients were randomly divided into five groups. Five groups received one of the local anesthetics studied in our trial (10% lidocaine, 0.5% ropivacaine, 0.25% bupivacaine, 2% prilocaine, and saline solution) in each right side of the nose for 10 minutes before TFL. Each separate examination was performed on the right side of the nasal cavity. After the examination, the patients were asked to note the intensity of the pain that they have experienced during the TFL, by using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). Results The mean VAS scores were 2.08 (SD, 0.62) in the lidocaine group, 2.21 (SD, 0 in the prilocaine group, 3.92 (SD, 0.58) in the ropivacaine group, 4.15 (SD, 0.64) in the bupivacaine group, and 6.35 (SD, 0.65) in the saline solution group. The lidocaine and prilocaine groups had significantly better VAS scores versus ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and saline solution groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion To provide ideal examination comfort and optimum patient tolerability during TFL evaluation of upper respiratory airway topical lidocaine and prilocaine applications were found to be more efficacious and effective medication for anesthesia of the intranasal mucosa compared with bupivacaine and ropivacaine solutions.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and without Nasal Polyps is Associated with Increased Expression of Lysophosphatidic Acid–Related Molecules
Authors: Park Se Jin , Jun Young Joon , Lee Ki Jeong , Hwang Soo Min , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Seung Hoon , Lee Sang Hag 
Published: May 2014

Background Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) or CRS without NPs (CRSsNPs) is associated with expression of various cytokines. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) generated by autotaxin (ATX), LPA-producing enzyme, initiates signaling cascade involved in the inflammatory responses and participates in diverse biological processes through LPA receptors, including cytokine production. We analyzed the expression and distribution patterns of LPA-related molecules in nasal secretion and sinus mucosa of normal controls and patients with CRSwNPs and CRSsNPs, to evaluate the possible effects of the ATX–LPA receptor axis on the pathogenesis of CRS. Methods LPA levels in nasal secretion and the expression and distribution patterns of ATX and LPA receptors 1–3 (LPA1–3) in sinus mucosa were investigated using ELISA, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We elucidated the effect of CRS-relevant cytokines on the expression of ATX and LPA receptors, using cultured sinus epithelial cells, and investigated the effect of LPA on the expression of CRS-relevant cytokines, using sinus mucosa explant culture. Results LPA, ATX, and LPA1–3 levels are increased in CRSwNPs and CRSsNPs. ATX and LPA1–3 were localized to superficial epithelium, submucosal glands in normal and inflammatory mucosa, but in inflammatory mucosa, they were found in inflammatory cells. LPA1–3 were noted in endothelium. Sinus mucosa explant stimulated with LPA increasingly produced IL-4, IL-5, interferon gamma, and TNF-alpha, and in cultured epithelial cells stimulated with CRS-relevant cytokines, ATX, and LPA1–3 were differentially induced. Conclusion LPA in human sinus mucosa may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CRS, contributing to produce CRS-related cytokines. LPA-related molecules were increased in CRS, which may attribute to CRS-related cytokines.
Measuring Outcomes in Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Hopkins Claire , Tantilipikorn Pongsakorn 
Published: May 2014

Background Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a complex group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Methods One of the problems with evaluating and treating RS is that there are often difficulties and controversies related to the means of diagnosis, which would prompt appropriate treatment. Results This is particularly true in chronic RS where multiple treatments may be chosen and often these decisions are somewhat empiric and are based on the associated history, symptoms, and prior treatment. This also creates problems with assessing response to treatment where there are multiple tools that are used to diagnose RS and to assess response to both treatment and nontreatment over time. Consistent and reproducible measures of outcome may be lacking. Conclusion The purpose of this study was to describe the various diagnostic criteria that are used to evaluate RS and their role in measuring outcomes.
Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2013
Authors: Zimmermann Willi 
Published: May 2014

Annual review of forest policy 2013
At the federal level, forest policy in 2013 was marked by a high number of implementation tasks on the one hand, and by the preparation of a renewed revision of the Forest Law on the other hand. The latter involved not only formal changes to individual legal articles, but also new regulations to protect against dangerous and harmful organisms, about the advancement of timber production and climate change adaptation. The traditional implementation tasks in 2013 included the approval of the budget, the controlling of different program agreements, the processing of parliamentary interventions as well as providing diverse documents. Particularly noteworthy this past year was a Federal Court decision, which, in contradiction to the cantonal lower court, classified test-drilling in a forest as a disadvantageous non-forest exploitation that requires authorization. At the international level, the adoption of a European Forest Convention was hindered primarily because the decision about the location of the secretariat stalled. In terms of forest-relevant policies, particularly spatial planning and energy policy can be expected to have noticeable effects on forests.
Erholung im Schweizer Wald: monetärer Wert und Determinanten
Authors: von Grünigen Stefan , Montanari Daniel 
Published: May 2014

Swiss forest recreation: monetary value and influencing factors
The monetary value of forest recreation and its influencing factors have been evaluated in a recent research project for the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). The study is based on an extensive survey which was conducted during the second Swiss Forest Monitoring (WaMos 2) in 2012. It uses the expenditure method, a simplified version of the travel cost method, to compute the monetary value of forest recreation. This value is estimated at 290 to 589 CHF per person and year. For Switzerland's population of the over 18-years old the value sums up to between 1.9 and 3.9 billion CHF per year. Further, the authors examined whether and to which extent the value attributed to forest recreation can be explained by the visitor's socio-economic and personal characteristics, the activities performed in the forest, the motives leading to the visit, and by the percieved characteristics of the forest. This was done by using econometric analysis and led to the result that the value of forest recreation is mostly determined by the distance between visitors' residences and the forest, the possibilities for substitution and visitors' socio-economic and personal characteristics. The properties of the forest itself, except for infrastructure, seem to have no decisive influence for the interviewees.
The Use of a 20-Gauge Valved Cannula During Pars Plana Phacofragmentation With a 23-Gauge Ultrasonic Fragmatome
Authors: Kim Jee Taek , Eom Youngsub , Ahn Jaemoon , Kim Seong-Woo , Huh Kuhl 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the usefulness of a 20-gauge cannula to maintain a self-sealing sclerotomy wound after 23-gauge phacofragmentation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This retrospective study compared the suture rates after 23-gauge phacofragmentation when the 23-gauge cannula was temporarily replaced with a 20-gauge valved metal cannula versus when the 23-gauge fragmatome was inserted at the sclerotomy site without a cannula.

RESULTS:

Whereas a sclerotomy was sutured in all 31 eyes in the without-cannula group, only one eye of 14 in the cannula group required a sclerotomy suture (
P
< .0001). However, there was one case of fragmatome tip fracture during fragmentation in the cannula group.

CONCLUSION:
A self-sealing sclerotomy wound can be maintained without suturing by using a 20-gauge metal cannula, but fragmatome tip fracture can occur during fragmentation.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:207–210.]
Protein Phosphatase 6 Controls BCR-Induced Apoptosis of WEHI-231 Cells by Regulating Ubiquitination of Bcl-xL
Authors: Kajihara Ryutaro , Sakamoto Hitomi , Tanabe Kano , Takemoto Kazuki , Tasaki Masayoshi , Ando Yukio , Inui Seiji 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Crosslinking BCR in the immature B cell line WEHI-231 causes apoptosis. We found that Bcl-xL was degraded by polyubiquitination upon BCR crosslinking and in this study explored the mechanism that controls the degradation of Bcl-xL. Ser62 of Bcl-xL was phosphorylated by JNK to trigger polyubiquitination, and this was opposed by serine/threonine protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) that physically associated with Bcl-xL. We show BCR crosslinking decreased PP6 activity to allow Ser62 phosphorylation of Bcl-xL. CD40 crosslinking rescues BCR-induced apoptosis, and we found PP6 associated with CD40 and PP6 activation in response to CD40. Our data suggest that PP6 activity is regulated to control apoptosis by modulating Ser62 phosphorylation of Bcl-xL, which results in its polyubiquitination and degradation.
Preemptive Donor Apoptotic Cell Infusions Induce IFN-γ–Producing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells for Cardiac Allograft Protection
Authors: Bryant Jane , Lerret Nadine M. , Wang Jiao-jing , Kang Hee-Kap , Tasch James , Zhang Zheng , Luo Xunrong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We have previously shown that preemptive infusion of apoptotic donor splenocytes treated with the chemical cross-linker ethylcarbodiimide (ECDI-SPs) induces long-term allograft survival in full MHC-mismatched models of allogeneic islet and cardiac transplantation. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the graft protection provided by ECDI-SPs is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that infusions of ECDI-SPs increase two populations of CD11b+ cells in the spleen that phenotypically resemble monocytic-like (CD11b+Ly6Chigh) and granulocytic-like (CD11b+Gr1high) MDSCs. Both populations suppress T cell proliferation in vitro and traffic to the cardiac allografts in vivo to mediate their protection via inhibition of local CD8 T cell accumulation and potentially also via induction and homing of regulatory T cells. Importantly, repeated treatments with ECDI-SPs induce the CD11b+Gr1high cells to produce a high level of IFN-γ and to exhibit an enhanced responsiveness to IFN-γ by expressing higher levels of downstream effector molecules ido and nos2. Consequently, neutralization of IFN-γ completely abolishes the suppressive capacity of this population. We conclude that donor ECDI-SPs induce the expansion of two populations of MDSCs important for allograft protection mediated in part by intrinsic IFN-γ–dependent mechanisms. This form of preemptive donor apoptotic cell infusions has significant potential for the therapeutic manipulation of MDSCs for transplant tolerance induction.
CD36-Mediated Hematoma Absorption following Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Negative Regulation by TLR4 Signaling
Authors: Fang Huang , Chen Jing , Lin Sen , Wang PengFei , Wang YanChun , Xiong XiaoYi , Yang QingWu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Promoting hematoma absorption is a novel therapeutic strategy for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, the mechanism of hematoma absorption is unclear. The present study explored the function and potential mechanism of CD36 in hematoma absorption using in vitro and in vivo ICH models. Hematoma absorption in CD36-deficient ICH patients was examined. Compared with patients with normal CD36 expression, CD36-deficient ICH patients had slower hematoma adsorption and aggravated neurologic deficits. CD36 expression in perihematomal tissues in wild-type mice following ICH was increased, whereas the hematoma absorption in CD36−/− mice was decreased. CD36−/− mice also showed aggravated neurologic deficits and increased TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels. The phagocytic capacity of CD36−/− microglia for RBCs was also decreased. Additionally, the CD36 expression in the perihematoma area after ICH in TLR4−/− and MyD88−/− mice was significantly increased, and hematoma absorption was significantly promoted, which was significantly inhibited by an anti-CD36 Ab. In vitro, TNF-α and IL-1β significantly inhibited the microglia expression of CD36 and reduced the microglia phagocytosis of RBCs. Finally, the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 upregulated CD36 expression in microglia, promoted hematoma absorption, increased catalase expression, and decreased the H2O2 content. These results suggested that CD36 mediated hematoma absorption after ICH, and TLR4 signaling inhibited CD36 expression to slow hematoma absorption. TLR4 inhibition could promote hematoma absorption and significantly improve neurologic deficits following ICH.
Caspase-8 Acts as a Molecular Rheostat To Limit RIPK1- and MyD88-Mediated Dendritic Cell Activation
Authors: Cuda Carla M. , Misharin Alexander V. , Gierut Angelica K. , Saber Rana , Haines G. Kenneth , Hutcheson Jack , Hedrick Stephen M. , Mohan Chandra , Budinger G. Scott , Stehlik Christian , Perlman Harris 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCaspase-8, an executioner enzyme in the death receptor pathway, was shown to initiate apoptosis and suppress necroptosis. In this study, we identify a novel, cell death–independent role for caspase-8 in dendritic cells (DCs): DC-specific expression of caspase-8 prevents the onset of systemic autoimmunity. Failure to express caspase-8 has no effect on the lifespan of DCs but instead leads to an enhanced intrinsic activation and, subsequently, more mature and autoreactive lymphocytes. Uncontrolled TLR activation in a RIPK1-dependent manner is responsible for the enhanced functionality of caspase-8–deficient DCs, because deletion of the TLR-signaling mediator, MyD88, ameliorates systemic autoimmunity induced by caspase-8 deficiency. Taken together, these data demonstrate that caspase-8 functions in a cell type–specific manner and acts uniquely in DCs to maintain tolerance.
Breast Cancer Knowledge, Beliefs, and Screening Practices among Women Seeking Care at District Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Morse Emma Perry , Maegga Bertha , Joseph Gertrud , Miesfeldt Susan 
Published: May 2014

Background Limited disease awareness among women may impact breast cancer stage-at-diagnosis in Tanzania, reducing survival. This study assessed breast cancer knowledge, screening practices, and educational preferences among outpatients at Tanzanian government-supported hospitals. Methods A convenience sample of women was surveyed regarding (1) knowledge/beliefs of breast cancer etiology, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, (2) early detection knowledge/practice, and (3) educational preferences. Results Among 225 respondents, 98.2% knew of breast cancer; 22.2% knew someone affected by breast cancer. On average, 30% of risk factors and 51% of symptoms were identified. Most accepted one or more breast cancer myths. Among 126 aware of breast self-exam, 40% did not practice it; only 0.9% underwent regular clinical breast examinations despite 68% being aware of the procedure. Among treatments, 87% recognized surgery, 70% radiation, and fewer systemic therapy. Preferred educational sources were group sessions, television/radio, and meetings with breast cancer survivors. Conclusions This work reveals incomplete breast cancer awareness among Tanzanian women and promises to inform development of user-focused educational resources.
Bounded Derived Categories of Infinite Quivers: Grothendieck Duality, Reflection Functor
Authors: Asadollahi Javad , Hafezi Rasool , Vahed Razieh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study bounded derived categories of the category of representations of infinite quivers over a ring R. In case R is a commutative noetherian ring with a dualising complex, we investigate an equivalence similar to Grothendieck duality for these categories, while a notion of dualising complex does not apply to them. The quivers we consider are left (resp. right) rooted quivers that are either noetherian or their opposite are noetherian. We also consider reflection functor and generalize a result of Happel to noetherian rings of finite global dimension, instead of fields.
In vitro Study of a Standardized Approach to Aortic Cusp Extension
Authors: Vismara Riccardo , Leopaldi Alberto M. , Romagnoni Claudia , Contino Monica , Mangini Andrea , Stevanella Marco , Fiore Gianfranco B. , Antona Carlo 
Published: May 2014

Purpose Cusp extension technique (CET) is a reparative surgical procedure for restoring aortic valve function by suturing patches to the compromised native leaflets. Its outcomes are strongly dependent on the ability of the surgeon. We proposed and tested a novel approach on an in vitro model, aimed at standardizing and simplifying the surgical procedure. Methods A set of standard pre-cut bovine pericardium patches, available in different sizes, was developed. The surgeon can choose the leaflet-specific patches to be implanted according to the patient anatomy, using a geometrical model of the aortic valve whose inputs are the measured intercommissural distances. The hemodynamic performance of this approach was evaluated on porcine aortic roots in a pulsatile mock loop. Hydrodynamic and kinematic evaluation of the samples was provided. Results After CET, mean and maximum pressure drops were 3.1 ± 1.3 mmHg and 25.4 ± 5.0 mmHg respectively, and EOA was 3.8 ± 0.8 cm2. Static regurgitant fraction and closing volumes were 6.9 ± 2.7% and 7.0 ± 1.5 mL, respectively. All the hemodynamics changes induced by the surgery were statistically significant yet clinically irrelevant as compared to baseline. The treatment also induced a statistically significant alteration in the closing time of the valve. Conclusions Our approach to cusp extension proved to be reliable and effective in restoring valve functioning, without significantly altering the physiological kinematics. The use of pre-cut patches considerably simplified the surgery, increasing standardization and repeatability.