bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas–liquid mass transfer studies in inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor for the biodegradation of industrial effluent rich in phenolic compounds
Authors: Begum S. Sabarunisha , Radha K.V. 
Published: September 2015

Gas–liquid mass transfer studies were carried out in inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor (IFBBR) for the biodegradation of phenol. Studies were done to analyze the effect of superficial air velocity (Ug), gas holdup (ɛg), and biofilm characteristics such as biofilm thickness, biofilm dry density, suspended and attached biomass concentration, and bioparticle density on oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) for different superficial air velocities and various particle sizes (2.9, 3.5, and 3.8 mm). Average OTR and kLa was found to be high [(OTR)avg. = 0.0159 min−1; (kLa)avg.= 1.8823 g/(L min)] for the particle size of 3.5 mm at the optimum superficial air velocity (Ugm) of 0.220 m/s which created high turbulence with smaller bubble size. Higher volumetric mass transfer coefficient and OTR resulted in higher percentage of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal (98%) and phenol degradation (100%) in IFBBR. The gas holdup dominated over the smaller size bubbles resulting in higher mass (oxygen) transfer rate. Thin, dense, and stable biofilm was produced at Ugm. Above Ugm, thickness of the biofilm was increased where the detachment force did not control the outgrowth of biofilm anymore and thus the kLa was found to be decreasing. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 433–438, 2016
A well‐balanced scheme to capture non‐explicit steady states in the Euler equations with gravity
Authors: Desveaux Vivien , Zenk Markus , Berthon Christophe , Klingenberg Christian 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper describes a numerical discretization of the compressible Euler equations with a gravitational potential. A pertinent feature of the solutions to these inhomogeneous equations is the special case of stationary solutions with zero velocity, described by a nonlinear partial differential equation, whose solutions are called hydrostatic equilibria. We present a well‐balanced method, meaning that besides discretizing the complete equations, the method is also able to maintain all hydrostatic equilibria. The method is a finite volume method, whose Riemann solver is approximated by a so‐called relaxation Riemann solution that takes all hydrostatic equilibria into account. Relaxation ensures robustness, accuracy, and stability of our method, because it satisfies discrete entropy inequalities. We will present numerical examples, illustrating that our method works as promised. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A vertex‐centered linearity‐preserving discretization of diffusion problems on polygonal meshes
Authors: Wu Jiming , Gao Zhiming , Dai Zihuan 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper introduces a vertex‐centered linearity‐preserving finite volume scheme for the heterogeneous anisotropic diffusion equations on general polygonal meshes. The unknowns of this scheme are purely the values at the mesh vertices, and no auxiliary unknowns are utilized. The scheme is locally conservative with respect to the dual mesh, captures exactly the linear solutions, leads to a symmetric positive definite matrix, and yields a nine‐point stencil on structured quadrilateral meshes. The coercivity of the scheme is rigorously analyzed on arbitrary mesh size under some weak geometry assumptions. Also, the relation with the finite volume element method is discussed. Finally, some numerical tests show the optimal convergence rates for the discrete solution and flux on various mesh types and for various diffusion tensors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of the ADER‐DG method in GPU applied to linear hyperbolic PDEs
Authors: Castro Cristóbal E. , Behrens Jörn , Pelties Christian 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWe optimized the Arbitrary accuracy DErivatives Riemann problem (ADER) ‐ Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) numerical method using the CUDA‐C language to run the code in a graphic processing unit (GPU). We focus on solving linear hyperbolic partial–differential equations where the method can be expressed as a combination of precomputed matrix multiplications becoming a good candidate to be used on the GPU hardware. Moreover, the method is arbitrarily high order involving intensive work on local data, a property that is also beneficial for the target hardware. We compare our GPU implementation against CPU versions of the same method observing similar convergence properties up to a threshold where the error remains fixed. This behavior is in agreement with the CPU version, but the threshold is slightly larger than in the CPU case. We also observe a big difference when considering single and double precisions where in the first case, the threshold error is significantly larger. Finally, we did observe a speed‐up factor in computational time that depends on the order of the method and the size of the problem. In the best case, our novel GPU implementation runs 23 times faster than the CPU version. We used three partial–differential equation to test the code considering the linear advection equation, the seismic wave equation, and the linear shallow water equation, all of them considering variable coefficients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic appearances of the postoperative testis
Authors: Attieh Ali , Benelli Andrea , Bertolotto Michele , Simonato Alchiede , Carmignani Giorgio , Derchi Lorenzo E. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo describe the sonographic findings observed in the testis in patients who have undergone testicle‐sparing surgery and surgical biopsies.MethodsWe reviewed the color Doppler sonographic findings from 14 patients after testicular interventions: 2 open biopsy procedures for infertility and 12 testicle‐sparing surgical procedures (1 for spontaneous intratesticular hemorrhage and 11 for small tumors). Ten patients had benign tumors; one had a malignancy. Three patients were symptomatic; all others were studied as follow‐up.ResultsHypoechoic and hypovascular lesions at site of surgery were seen in 10 of the 11 patients after tumorectomy; no changes were observed in one patient. The lesions were either linear or an irregularly triangular shape, located at the surgical site, and interpreted as scars. Retraction of the testicular surface was detected in two cases. In the eight patients who underwent follow‐up, lesions disappeared in one case, became smaller in two, and remained stable in five. Of the two patients who underwent biopsy, one developed peritesticular hematoma, and both had late hypoechoic scars in the testis.ConclusionsHypoechoic and hypovascular scars are a “normal” postoperative pattern after testicle‐sparing surgery. They are either linear or triangular, with rectilinear margins. Such findings need to be correctly interpreted and not misinterpreted as recurrences. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:12–16, 2016
Sonographic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in patients with symptomatic gallstones
Authors: Borzellino Giuseppe , Massimiliano Motton AP , Minniti Federica , Montemezzi Stefania , Tomezzoli Anna , Genna Michele 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of the retrospective study was to assess the diagnostic ultrasound (US) criteria for acute cholecystitis in patients admitted for symptomatic gallbladder stones.MethodsThe medical records of 186 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy within 24 hours after an US examination were reviewed. Acute cholecystitis was defined on the basis of pathology findings. The correlation between standardized US signs and final diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses. The diagnostic values of US based on the correlated signs were then calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of acute cholecystitis was 52.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.8–64.2). Three US signs were found to be predictive of acute cholecystitis: gallbladder distension, wall edema, and pericholecystic fluid collection. When none of the US signs were registered, sonography proved to have a 72.4% (95% CI, 59.1–83.3) negative predictive value. When registering two or three signs, sonography had positive predictive values of 78% (95% CI, 56.3–92.5) and 100% (95% CI, 58.9–100), respectively. With just one sign, the positive predictive value was 57.6% (95% CI, 47.2–67.4), and such a finding was furthermore observed in only 53.2% of the cases.ConclusionsThe sonografic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis may be achieved by registering only three standardized US signs. Nevertheless, in patients admitted for symptomatic gallstones, US is of some utility in less than half of those patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:152–158, 2016
Contrast‐enhanced sonography for the identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Xuelei , Zhang Binglan , Ling Wenwu , Liu Rongjun , Jia Hongyuan , Zhu Fuping , Wang Mengyao , Liu Haoqiu , Huang Jingwen , Liu Lei 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeThe use of contrast‐enhanced sonography (CEUS) has yielded promising results in the differentiation of thyroid nodules. We conducted this meta‐analysis to assess its performance in identifying and distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.MethodsPubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published through the end of December 2013. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve were calculated.ResultsA total of 13 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. For the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules worldwide, the overall mean rates of sensitivity and specificity of CEUS were 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88–93%) and 86% (95% CI, 83–89%), respectively. The summary diagnostic odds ratio was 52.83 (95% CI, 21.71–128.55), and the area under the curve for the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90–0.98).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis indicates that CEUS may be a valuable supplemental method, with high rates of sensitivity and specificity, to use for identifying and distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:199–209, 2016
Association between sonographic appearances of breast cancers and their histopathologic features and biomarkers
Authors: Costantini Melania , Belli Paolo , Bufi Enida , Asunis Anna Maria , Ferra Enrico , Bitti Grazia Tomasa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate potential associations between invasive breast cancer sonographic (US) findings and histopathologic patterns and biomarkers.MethodsOne hundred consecutive women with invasive breast cancer treated in the Breast Diagnostic Center of Brotzu Hospital in Cagliari, Italy, from January to October 2013, were retrospectively evaluated. Two experienced breast radiologists independently evaluated hard copies of US examinations performed during the US‐guided biopsy procedure. Tumor characteristics were assessed by using the BI‐RADS US lexicon. For each patient, the results of histopathologic examination, tumor grading, hormone‐receptor status, HER2, and Ki67 were considered. US characteristics were compared with histopathologic features and biomarkers. Statistical analysis was performed.ResultsLow‐grade tumors were statistically significantly associated with spiculated margins (p = 0.002) and hyperechoic halos (p < 0.001). High‐grade tumors were associated with abrupt interfaces, nonspiculated margins, and absence of posterior acoustic shadowing. Malignant breast masses with spiculated margins were significantly associated with hormone‐receptor positivity (p = 0.009). The most frequent tumor grade was G3 in the HER2 + and triple‐negative subgroups. Patients with G3 tumors were significantly younger than those with G1 or G2 disease (51.3 ± 9.5 years versus 58.7 ± 12.6 years; p = 0.004).ConclusionsHistopathologic patterns and breast cancer biomarkers determine differences in US imaging that can guide radiologists in better understanding the development of breast cancer and its prognosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:26–33, 2016
Quantitative palaeotemperature estimates based on fossil chydorid ephippia: calibration and validation of a novel method for northern lakes
Authors: Luoto Tomi P. , Nevalainen Liisa , Kultti Seija , Sarmaja‐Korjonen Kaarina 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTo fully utilize palaeolimnological archives for tracking past environmental changes, methodological advances are necessary. We present a novel method to quantitatively reconstruct past summer air temperatures based on fossil chydorid (Cladocera: Chydoridae) ephippia assemblages. We examined a 76‐lake training set from Finland for chydorid ephippia distribution to develop a transfer function for summer air temperatures. Subsequently, we tested its usability in downcore reconstructions by inferring Holocene temperatures from Lake Arapisto in southern Finland. Significant climate‐related variation was found in the distribution and abundance of chydorid ephippia in the training set. A transfer function for palaeotemperature reconstructions was developed using the partial least squares technique, which showed favourable performance statistics, enabling the test use of the model in a downcore reconstruction. The ephippia assemblages were responding to the Holocene climate development in the Lake Arapisto core. The ephippium‐inferred temperatures correlated closely with the previously available independent palaeoclimate data from Lake Arapisto and from an adjacent lake, although the early Holocene samples had poor modern analogues in the training set. The use of fossil chydorid ephippia in palaeoclimatological reconstructions is a promising tool and it can contribute as a valuable addition for multiproxy assessments of past climate changes.
Estimation of total soluble solids in grape berries using a hand‐held NIR spectrometer under field conditions
Authors: Urraca Ruben , Sanz‐Garcia Andres , Tardaguila Javier , Diago Maria P 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies have reported the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectral analysers for monitoring the ripeness of grape berries as an alternative to wet chemistry methods. This study covers various aspects regarding the calibration and implementation of predictive models of total soluble solids (TSS) in grape berries using laboratory and in‐field collected NIR spectra.RESULTSThe performance of the calibration models obtained under laboratory conditions indicated that at least 700 berry samples are required to assure enough prediction accuracy. A statistically significant error reduction (ΔRMSECV = 0.1°Brix) with P < 0.001 was observed when measuring berries without epicuticular wax, which was negligible from a practical point of view. Under field conditions, the prediction errors (RMSEP = 1.68°Brix, and SEP = 1.67°Brix) were close to those obtained with the laboratory dataset (RMSEP = 1.42°Brix, SEP = 1.40°Brix).CONCLUSIONThis work clarifies several methodological factors to develop a protocol for in‐field assessing TSS in grape berries using an affordable, non‐invasive, portable NIR spectral analyser. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Impacts of degree of milling on the appearance and aroma characteristics of raw rice
Authors: Rodríguez‐Arzuaga Mariana , Cho Sungeun , Billiris María A , Siebenmorgen Terry , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle has been reported about the sensory impact of degree of milling (DOM) on raw, uncooked rice. This study focuses on the effects of DOM, which was measured by surface lipid content (SLC), on appearance and aroma attributes of raw rice, as well as the appearance of cooked rice; greater DOM leads to lesser SLC levels.RESULTSMilled‐rice samples with SLCs of 0.64, 0.59, 0.42 and 0.25%, as well as brown rice (2.27% total lipid content), were evaluated by trained panelists on three appearance‐ and five aroma‐related attributes of raw rice, as well as four appearance‐related attributes of the resultant cooked rice. All milled‐rice samples, varying in SLC level from 0.64% to 0.25%, differed from brown rice with respect to raw‐rice and cooked‐rice appearance and aroma attributes. A significant sensory difference among the four raw‐rice samples was present only in the degree of whiteness; however, such a difference was absent once the samples were cooked. When cooked, highly milled rice (0.25% SLC) was rated glossier than either lightly milled rice (0.64% SLC) or brown rice.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that sensory impacts of DOM on raw rice were present between brown rice and milled‐rice samples, but not among the milled‐rice samples varying in SLC level from 0.64% to 0.25%. The overall findings indicate that consumers may not detect appearance‐ or aroma‐related differences among raw‐rice samples ranging in SLC from 0.64% to 0.25%. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A family of constrained pressure residual preconditioners for parallel reservoir simulations
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Kun , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryLarge‐scale reservoir simulations are extremely time‐consuming because of the solution of large‐scale linear systems arising from the Newton or Newton–Raphson iterations. The problem becomes even worse when highly heterogeneous geological models are employed. This paper introduces a family of multi‐stage preconditioners for parallel black oil simulations, which are based on the famous constrained pressure residual preconditioner. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our preconditioners are robust, efficient, and scalable. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of the DOVE (Determining Effects of Platelet Inhibition on Vaso‐Occlusive Events) trial: A global Phase 3 double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of prasugrel in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia utilizing a dose titration strategy
Authors: Hoppe Carolyn C. , Styles Lori , Heath Lori E. , Zhou Chunmei , Jakubowski Joseph A. , Winters Kenneth J. , Brown Patricia B. , Rees David C. , Heeney Matthew M. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder characterized by painful vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC) with limited treatment options, particularly for children. Emerging knowledge of the pathophysiology of SCD suggests antiplatelet therapies may hold promise for treatment of VOC. Multiple small studies have evaluated antiplatelet agents on the frequency of VOC with varying results, but there has not been an adequately powered study to definitively determine the effect of antiplatelet agents on VOC. Prasugrel, a third‐generation thienopyridine that irreversibly inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, is approved in adults with acute coronary syndrome managed with percutaneous coronary intervention.ProcedureDetermining Effects of Platelet Inhibition on Vaso‐Occlusive Events (DOVE) is a double‐blind, randomized study with planned enrollment of >220 children from 14 countries across the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa, designed to test the hypothesis that prasugrel reduces the rate of VOC in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) (homozygous hemoglobin S [HbSS] and hemoglobin Sβ0 thalassemia [HbSβ0]). Secondary study endpoints include reductions in rate and intensity of vaso‐occlusive pain as recorded in daily electronic diaries. Safety assessments include incidence of hemorrhagic events requiring medical intervention and treatment‐emergent adverse events. DOVE incorporates a dose‐titration strategy to reduce potential bleeding risks inherent with antiplatelet therapy while maintaining blinded treatment assignment.ConclusionsDOVE presents a unique opportunity to determine whether antiplatelet therapy reduces frequency of patient‐reported VOC and daily vaso‐occlusive pain in a global study of children with SCA. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First trimester prediction of HELLP syndrome
Authors: Oliveira Natacha , Poon Liona C. , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Baschat Ahmet A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate first‐trimester maternal characteristics and biomarkers in pregnancies that subsequently develop HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome.MethodMaternal history, biochemical, and biophysical parameters were compared between women who developed HELLP, preeclampsia (PE) without HELLP and controls. After determination of significant variables through univariate analysis a first‐trimester prediction model was obtained by applying logistic regression analysis. Performance of the model was evaluated.ResultsTwenty participants with HELLP were compared with 147 patients that developed PE without HELLP and 2810 controls. Women with HELLP were more likely Caucasian, nulliparous and presented a higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) when compared with controls. As opposing to women who developed HELLP, women who developed PE without HELLP were more likely of African–American origin and presented an even higher first‐trimester MAP. Enrollment biochemical and biophysical parameters were similar between HELLP and PE or controls. Ethnicity, nulliparity, history of previous PE, history of previous HELLP syndrome, and first‐trimester MAP were primary risk factors. A prediction rule for HELLP syndrome had an area under the curve of 0.80, with 75% sensitivity for 79% specificity.ConclusionThe majority of pregnancies that develop HELLP syndrome can be predicted in the first trimester. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An electron microscopy journey in the study of microtubule structure and dynamics
Authors: Nogales Eva 
Published: September 2015

Eva Nogales is the winner of the 2015 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Award.AbstractStructural characterization of microtubules has been the realm of three‐dimensional electron microscopy and thus has evolved hand in hand with the progress of this technique, from the initial 3D reconstructions of stained tubulin assemblies, and the first atomic model of tubulin by electron crystallography of 2D sheets of protofilaments, to the ever more detailed cryoelectron microscopy structures of frozen‐hydrated microtubules. Most recently, hybrid helical and single particle image processing techniques, and the latest detector technology, have lead to atomic models built directly into the density maps of microtubules in different functional states, shading new light into the critical process of microtubule dynamic instability.