bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
City as Nation: Imagining and Practicing Addis Ababa as a Modern and National Space
Authors: Gulema Shimelis Bonsa 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The nineteenth century in Ethiopia saw the shaping of a modern state and a modern nation. Addis Ababa, the country's capital, served as the crucible for and signifier of this formative process, a critical space in and through which a modern state/nation was imagined, constituted, reinforced, and reflected. Ethiopia's emerging urbanism, centered in the capital, was thus inextricably linked with its most important political “project” of the century—modernization and nation building. This quintessential city was the site of Ethiopia's modernist “project” that included innovations in the spheres of politics, economy, education, and culture, which were in turn adopted, and in some cases adapted, in the rest of the country.
Nevertheless, the reinventing of Ethiopia as a modern state in the spaces of its capital, Addis Ababa, was a process that was pioneering but also exclusionary and contradictory. The fundamental fault lines of the project included the failure to reinvent the capital (or cities in general), and by extension the nation, as democratic, pluralistic, and inclusive spaces. The capital and the towns that eventually evolved after a century or so of urbanization were urban centers in tension, shaped more by the practices of ordinary residents than by the designs of architects and politicians.
Dedispersion Transform Method for Extracting the Normal Modes of a Shallow Water Acoustic Signal in the Pekeris Waveguide
Authors: Yang Guang-Bing , Lü Lian-Gang , Gao Da-Zhi , Jiang Ying , Liu Hong-Ning 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The normal modes cannot be extracted even in the Pekeris waveguide when the source-receiver distance is very close. This paper introduces a normal mode extraction method based on a dedispersion transform (DDT) to solve this problem. The method presented here takes advantage of DDT, which is based on the waveguide invariant such that the dispersion associated with all of the normal modes is removed at the same time. After performing DDT on a signal received in the Pekeris waveguide, the waveform of resulting normal modes is very close to the source signal, each with different position and amplitude. Each normal mode can be extracted by determining its position and amplitude parameters by applying particle swarm optimization (PSO). The waveform of the extracted normal mode is simply the waveform of the source signal; the real waveform of the received normal mode can then be recovered by applying dispersion compensation to the source signal. The method presented needs only one receiver and is verified with experimental data
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Response of a SAW Structure with WO3 Layers on Action of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Hejczyk Tomasz , Urbańczyk Marian , Pustelny Tadeusz , Jakubik Wiesław 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an analysis of gaseous sensors based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) by means of the equivalent model theory. The applied theory analyzes the response of the SAW sensor in the steady state affected by carbon monoxide (CO) in air. A thin layer of WO3 has been used as a sensor layer. The acoustical replacing impedance of the sensor layer was used, which takes into account the profile of the concentration of gas molecules in the layer. Thanks to implementing the Ingebrigtsen equation, the authors determined analytical expressions for the relative changes of the velocity of the surface acoustic wave in the steady state. The results of the analysis have shown that there is an optimum thickness of the layer of CO sensor at which the acoustoelectric effect (manifested here as a change in the acoustic wave velocity) is at its highest. The theoretical results were verified and confirmed experimentally
Phase Autocorrelation Bark Wavelet Transform (PACWT) Features for Robust Speech Recognition
Authors: Majeed Sayf A. , Husain Hafizah , Samad Salina A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper, a new feature-extraction method is proposed to achieve robustness of speech recognition systems. This method combines the benefits of phase autocorrelation (PAC) with bark wavelet transform. PAC uses the angle to measure correlation instead of the traditional autocorrelation measure, whereas the bark wavelet transform is a special type of wavelet transform that is particularly designed for speech signals. The extracted features from this combined method are called phase autocorrelation bark wavelet transform (PACWT) features. The speech recognition performance of the PACWT features is evaluated and compared to the conventional feature extraction method mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) using TI-Digits database under different types of noise and noise levels. This database has been divided into male and female data. The result shows that the word recognition rate using the PACWT features for noisy male data (white noise at 0 dB SNR) is 60%, whereas it is 41.35% for the MFCC features under identical conditions
Technical Notes. Earmuff Noise Leakage Measurements and Evaluation
Authors: Gerges Samir N.Y. , Gerges Rafael N.C. , Dias Roberto A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper reports the quantitative effect of leakage on the noise attenuation of earmuff hearing protectors. The technology used in this study to measure the noise leakage is considered to be a new contribution to this topic. An array of sensors placed between an earmuff and a dummy human head or flat surface was used to measure the contact area. Areas of no contact are considered as the leakage elements. Eight earmuffs varying from high quality/high cost to low quality/low cost were tested, the leakage areas were measured and the reduction in the noise attenuation due to leakage was calculated
Technical Note. Development and Research of Concentrator-Sonotrode with Increased Radiating Surface
Authors: Khmelev Sergei S. , Khmelev Vladimir N. , Golykh Roman N. , Shalunov Andrey V. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the results of studies on functional possibilities of the optimization of geometric sizes and the design development of specialized resonance concentrating link (concentrator-sonotrode) with enlarged radiating surface. Developed theoretical model allows to determine the value of longitudinal and transverse sizes of each part of concentrating link providing the achievement of required features of the ultrasonic vibrating systems (gain factor of the unit and its resonance frequency). To verify the efficiency of designed model, the geometric sizes of resonance concentrating link were determined using the finite-element complex, which showed that the disagreement did not exceed 10%. The efficiency of proposed model at the determining of size and resonance characteristics of concentrating link was proved by the experiments.
Theoretical and experimental studies helped to optimize the size of concentrating link while the vi- brating system developed on its base enabled the enlargement of radiating surface without decreasing the radiation intensity for the realization of technologies of cavitation treatment of liquid media
Effect of age and gender on reference intervals of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mean red cell volume (MCV)
Authors: Hoffmann Johannes J.M.L. , Nabbe Karin C.A.M. , van den Broek Nicole M.A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRed blood cell distribution width (RDW) was recently shown to be age-dependent when using Sysmex XE-2100 hematology analyzers. As measuring RDW is subject to technology, we have investigated if this relation also exists when using a different hematology analyzer, Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire. In addition, as RDW is generally expressed relative to mean red blood cell volume (MCV), we have explored how MCV influences the age-dependency of RDW.We measured RDW and MCV in a large cohort and calculated RDW-SD (the “absolute” RDW), which does not contain MCV. For establishing reference intervals we used Bhattacharya statistics.In our study cohort of 8089 individuals we found a strong association between RDW and age, but not with gender. Also MCV showed an age-related increase over the entire age range. The conventional RDW increased by 6% from the youngest to oldest age class, whereas RDW-SD increased by nearly 15%. This difference was caused by a mean age-related increase in MCV of 6.6%. Age-dependent reference intervals were established for RDW, RDW-SD and MCV.The age-dependency of RDW seems to be a universal biological feature rather than related with a single type of hematology analyzer. As not only RDW, but also MCV increases with age, we propose that future studies on the prognostic significance of RDW take its age-dependency into account and focus on RDW-SD as a potential marker of adverse events in many clinical conditions.
Theranos phenomenon: promises and fallacies
Authors: Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecently, spectacular advances in diagnostic technologies, genomics, etc. offer unprecedented opportunities for widespread testing of asymptomatic individuals, in the hope that this testing will unravel early disease signs which could lead to preventative or more effective therapeutic measures. In particular, one commercial organization, Theranos, promises to revolutionize diagnostics by offering multi-analyte testing at low prices in commercial outlets, thus challenging the current paradigm of targeted and centralized diagnostic testing. In this paper, I analyze the Theranos technology and their promises, and contrast this information with the currently used technologies, to show that most of the company’s claims are exaggerated. While it remains to be seen if this technology will revolutionize diagnostics, in this Opinion Paper, I also draw attention of associated issues, such as self-testing and self-interpretation of results, over-testing, over-diagnosis and over-treatment, along with their associated harms. As the public is bombarded daily with new and revolutionary health-related advances, it is time to balance the enthusiasm of the seemingly obvious huge gains, by also explaining the associated possible harms.
Collocation Method for the Modeling of Membrane Gas Permeation Systems
Authors: Feichtinger Anna , Makaruk Aleksander , Weinmüller Ewa , Friedl Anton , Harasek Michael 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this work, we describe a numerical method which enables an efficient computation of membrane gas permeation processes that involve multiple membrane stages and multiple gas components. The utilized numerical approach is a collocation method equipped with a grid adaptation strategy based on a dependable error estimate of the numerical approximation. The comparison of the results provided by the collocation method with those calculated from an experimentally validated finite difference method has demonstrated that the accuracy of both numerical approximations is practically the same. However, the current procedure is characterized by a much better computational efficiency that allows to considerably reduce the computational time. This is a crucial feature when combining computation of membrane permeation processes with optimization algorithms. In such a setting the computation of the permeation process is frequently repeated and naturally, results in long computational times when the efficiency is not adequately improved.
Three-Dimensional Flow Optimization of a Nozzle with a Continuous Adjoint
Authors: Wolosz Krzysztof J. , Wernik Jacek 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The article presents results of multi-criteria optimization of air nozzle topology. The optimization in the CFD has been recently developed since equations of flow in porous media were applied among others governing equations. Optimization is a seeking for extremum of an objective function with respect to the function constraints. With this definition in mind, the optimization by using a continuous adjoint for the current cases is a finding such channel topology which minimizes for example pressure or energy loss when the constraints of objective function are in the form of flow governing equations of momentum and continuity. This methodology of optimization makes a design process faster comparing to the methods related to Design of Experiments (DoE). However, for the sake of flow governing equations nonlinearity, the continuous adjoint method can be successfully applied only in relatively simply and steady-state cases. The reason is of possibility of finding the global extremum of the objective function only for that kind of cases. The results of optimization of two selected cases are presented in the article and show advantages and limitations of the method applied. The continuous adjoint simulation results indicate the nozzles design directions and can be applied in industry with limited reliability. The object of research reported in the article is the nozzle which is augmented equipment used with a pneumatic pulsator. The pulsators are devices that utilize an air stream to destruct vaults created in loose material structure. The pulsator productivity equipped with a nozzle depends on outlet pressure. Therefore, the optimization problem was stated so that pressure loss is to be as low as possible.
Numerical Simulations and Research of Heat Transfer in Pneumatic Pulsator
Authors: Wernik Jacek , Wolosz Krzysztof J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In loose material beds above silo outlets or in vertical channels immovable vaults can occur limiting or making impossible the downward movement of the loose material. To prevent vault creation or to destroy vault by aeration and separation of the loose material from encasing walls, a pneumatic pulsator can be applied. In order to optimize the head design, the flow phenomena were numerically simulated and the channels were preliminarily designed. The data obtained from simulation were also used as a basis for setting up an experimental stand to validate simulation results. During air flow in the channels due to frictional heat is produced, which is discharged from the pulsator to the environment. To increase the heat transfer in pneumatic pulsator, the external surfaces of channel are finned. Numerical simulations carried out conduction and convection heat transfer in the fins, and the results illustrated the temperature distribution on the surface of the body, the temperature distribution in the fins, stress distribution, value of factor of safety, the static displacement of the body and the distribution of air temperature along with the speed vectors. The results were compared with experimental and analytical results that confirm their correctness. The results confirm the rational design of the body in terms of thermal. The obtained temperature distribution using CFD agrees approximately with the values measured during the tests.
Carotid intimal medial thickness and its relation to endothelial dysfunction and echocardiographic changes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: El Dayem Soha M. Abd , El Bohy Abo El Magd , Battah Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo assess carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) in adolescent type 1 diabetic patients and to detect its relation with echocardiographic changes and flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery.The study included 62 type 1 diabetic patients and 30 healthy volunteer of the same age and sex. A blood sample was taken for analysis of glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile and a urine sample was taken for analysis of albumin/creatinine ratio. cIMT, echocardiography, and FMD via ultrasound were also done; t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test (for non-symmetrically distributed data) for independent variables and Pearson’s or Spearman correlation were used.The mean age of patients was 16.3±1.5 years and mean duration of diabetes was 9.4±2.9 years. cIMT (Rt, Lt, and both Rt and Lt) were significantly higher, while FMD and FMD/nitrate mediated dilatation (NMD) ratio was significantly lower in diabetics. Rt cIMT had a significant negative correlation with FMD and FMD/NMD. cIMT had a significant positive correlation with left ventricular end diastolic dimension, inter ventricular septum thickness, peak mitral flow velocity during early diastole/peak mitral flow velocity during late diastole, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index (p<0.05). In addition, cIMT had a significant correlation with waist circumference, waist/height ratio, albumin/ creatinine ratio, total cholesterol, and triglyceride.We conclude that alteration in myocardial function and vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus may begin early with the association of early atherosclerotic changes.
Cerebral infarction and femoral venous thrombosis detected in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and heterozygous factor V Leiden G1691A and PAI-1 4G/5G mutations
Authors: Yaroglu Kazanci Selcen , Yesilbas Osman , Ersoy Melike , Kihtir Hasan Serdar , Yildirim Hamdi Murat , Sevketoglu Esra 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCerebral infarction is one of the serious neurological complications of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Especially in patients who are genetically prone to thrombosis, cerebral infarction may develop due to inflammation, dehydration, and hyperviscocity secondary to DKA. A 6-year-old child with DKA is diagnosed with cerebral infarction after respiratory insufficiency, convulsion, and altered level of consciousness. Femoral and external iliac venous thrombosis also developed in a few hours after central femoral catheter had been inserted. Heterozygous type of factor V Leiden and
Making Sense of White Identity Development: The Implications for Teacher Education
Authors: Rieger Alicja 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article discusses an individualized narrative on a contribution that a White educator can add to the field of teacher education, in particular multicultural teacher education. Through sharing my individual life experiences with a process of moving from an invisible Whiteness (Clark & O’Donnell, 1999; Giroux, 1997; Helms, 1992) toward more advanced levels of multiracial and multicultural awareness, followed by a review of a theoretical model of Helms’ (1992) White Racial Identity Theory, I provide a space and a structured forum for engaging in a dialogue on the complex issues of race and Whiteness among teacher candidates.
Variational pragmatics and responding to thanks – revisited
Authors: Bieswanger Markus 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In 2005, Klaus P. Schneider published a fascinating article with the title “‘No problem, you’re welcome, anytime’: Responding to thanks in Ireland, England, and the U.S.A.”. Adopting the then emerging and now established framework of variational pragmatics, Schneider’s pioneering paper presents the results of a study on differences between responses to thanks across different varieties of English using experimental discourse completion tasks (DCTs). The paper at hand revisits this cross-varietal analysis and presents the results of an empirical investigation of this same speech act based on natural data collected with the help of Labovian-style fieldwork methodology common in variationist sociolinguistics. The results reveal fundamental differences between the two data types and underline the fact that these different datasets address different research questions. The findings also highlight the existence of regional variation in the use of this speech act in spontaneous real-life interaction. Finally, the paper also puts forward the term imbalance reducer after thanks (IRAT) as a more appropriate term for the speech act of responding to thanks.
Patterning of Quantum Dots by Dip-Pen and Polymer Pen Nanolithography
Authors: Biswas Soma , Brinkmann Falko , Hirtz Michael , Fuchs Harald 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a direct way of patterning CdSe/ ZnS quantum dots by dip-pen nanolithography and polymer pen lithography. Mixtures of cholesterol and phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine serve as biocompatible carrier inks to facilitate the transfer of quantum dots from the tips to the surface during lithography. While dip-pen nanolithography of quantum dots can be used to achieve higher resolution and smaller pattern features (approximately 1 μm), polymer pen lithography is able to address intermediate pattern scales in the low micrometre range. This allows us to combine the advantages of micro contact printing in large area and massive parallel patterning, with the added flexibility in pattern design inherent in the DPN technique.
Degradation performance and cost implication of UV-integrated advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatments
Authors: Buthiyappan Archina , Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman , Wan Daud Wan Mohd Ashri 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are commonly used for treating recalcitrant wastewater with varying degree of efficiency, depending on several operating parameters. In this review, a comparative study among selected AOPs integrated with ultraviolet (UV) (UV/Fenton, UV/H2O2, UV/O3, UV/TiO2, UV/persulfate, UV/H2O2/O3, and UV/TiO2/H2O2) was conducted. The cost implication, changes in kinetics, changes in reaction rates, and effects of various parameters such as type of contaminants, pH, catalyst loading concentration of oxidants, and type of UV light are explained and concluded in this paper. From this review, it is concluded that UV-integrated AOPs are efficient for wastewater treatment. However, a few aspects must be considered including process scale-up, kinetics of combined processes, reactor configuration, modeling of a system, and optimization of operating parameters to enhance the process efficiency.
TopKLists: a comprehensive R package for statistical inference, stochastic aggregation, and visualization of multiple omics ranked lists
Authors: Schimek Michael G. , Budinská Eva , Kugler Karl G. , Švendová Vendula , Ding Jie , Lin Shili 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHigh-throughput sequencing techniques are increasingly affordable and produce massive amounts of data. Together with other high-throughput technologies, such as microarrays, there are an enormous amount of resources in databases. The collection of these valuable data has been routine for more than a decade. Despite different technologies, many experiments share the same goal. For instance, the aims of RNA-seq studies often coincide with those of differential gene expression experiments based on microarrays. As such, it would be logical to utilize all available data. However, there is a lack of biostatistical tools for the integration of results obtained from different technologies. Although diverse technological platforms produce different raw data, one commonality for experiments with the same goal is that all the outcomes can be transformed into a platform-independent data format – rankings – for the same set of items. Here we present the
Taraxastane-type triterpene saponins isolated from Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd.
Authors: Bäcker Christian , Jenett-Siems Kristina , Siems Karsten , Niedermeyer Timo H.J. , Wurster Martina , Bodtke Anja , Lindequist Ulrike 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Two new taraxastane-type triterpene saponins, named pittangretosides L (1) and C1 (2), were isolated from the leaves of Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd. Their structures were established by NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chemical means. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against four cell lines. The compounds exhibited no cytotoxic activity up to a concentration of 130 μm.