bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cotton Productivity by Fruiting Zone in Diverse Growing Locations
Authors: Hague Steve , Smith Wayne , Faircloth Joel , Dever Jane , Berger Greg , Clement Jenny , Jones Don 
Published: June 2024

The amount and quality of cotton (Gossypium spp.) produced within a growing season is the result of many factors, but the influence of genotype is substantial. The objective of this study was to determine how growing location, fruiting behavior, and cultivars interact to produce a cotton crop. Five commercial cultivars were studied at multiple locations in Texas and Virginia. Plant height, first sympodia, and number of sympodia were measured. Plants were harvested by fruiting zone and lint yield, lint percent, seed weight, and high-volume instrumentation (HVI) fiber data were ascertained. Results indicate that cultivar had a significant effect on plant height and fruiting habit, but year also significantly affected traits measured. In addition, lint yield, lint percent, seed weight, and fiber traits were significantly affected by fruiting zone at most locations and years. It was determined that relative differences among cultivars remained constant across growing locations for plant morphology and fiber traits. Differences in lint yield per fruiting zone were not distinguishable.
Effect of Cropping Systems on Densities of Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Wheeler Terry , Bordovsky Jim , Keeling Wayne , Woodward Jason 
Published: June 2024

The density of Verticillium dahliae (causal agent of Verticillium wilt of cotton) microsclerotia was monitored over a 7-yr period in fields located in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Included in the project were eight sites that were essentially in continuous cotton (short to no rotation from cotton); six sites that were planted with hosts for V. dahliae approximately 50 to 71% of the time (intermediate rotation from cotton); and 12 sites that were primarily planted to grain crops (< 2 cotton crops) (long rotation from cotton). There was a decline in the density of microsclerotia at a rate of 1.4 microsclerotia (MS)/cm3 soil per year in fields that were in a long rotation from cotton, but no consistency in microsclerotia dynamics in the intermediate and short rotations from cotton over time. There was an average of 6.7, 6.9, and 26.1 MS/cm3 soil, for the long, intermediate, and short/no rotation from cotton, respectively, in the tested sites. Irrigation rate was associated positively with microsclerotia density for both continuous cotton and in a cotton/cotton/sorghum rotation. Microsclerotia density was correlated (R2 = 0.23) with the incidence of wilt when combined across 26 sites. In sites that have a high density of microsclerotia, it might be necessary to manage irrigation to create a less conducive environment for wilt development, rather than using crop rotation to reduce microsclerotia density.
Monitoring Cotton Root Rot Progression within a Growing Season Using Airborne Multispectral Imagery
Authors: Yang Chenghai , Odvody Gary , Fernandez Carlos , Landivar Juan , Minzenmayer Richard , Nichols Robert , Thomasson Alex 
Published: June 2024

Cotton root rot, caused by the fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, is a serious and destructive disease affecting cotton production in the southwestern United States. Accurate delineation of cotton root rot infections is important for cost-effective management of the disease. The objective of this study was to use airborne multispectral imagery for monitoring the progression of root rot infections within cotton fields during a growing season. A number of cotton fields near Edroy and San Angelo, Texas were selected for this study. Airborne multispectral digital imagery with blue, green, red and near-infrared bands was taken from these fields two to four times during the 2010 growing season. The imagery for two fields from each of the two locations was georeferenced and classified into two to twenty spectral classes using unsupervised classification techniques. The optimal number of spectral classes was determined based on the average transformed divergence for each classification and the spectral classes were then grouped into root rot-infected and non-infected zones. The infected areas within each field were determined for each imaging date and compared among the different dates. Both airborne imagery and ground observations showed that cotton root rot expanded in different patterns and at different rates over the growing season. Toward the end of the growing season, the percentage of root rot-infected areas increased to 13.2% and 26.8% in the two fields in Edroy, and to 37.8% and 50.6% in the two fields in San Angelo. The results from this study will be useful for the understanding of the progression of the disease and for the development of site-specific treatment plans for the disease.
Retinoscopes: Past and present
Authors: Musa Mutali , Enaholo Ehimare , Bale Babatunde Ismail , Salati Carlo , Spadea Leopoldo , Zeppieri Marco 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive errors. Advantages of retinoscopy include its non-invasive nature, ability to assess patients of all ages, and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication skills.
AIM
To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the subject.
METHODS
A search was conducted on the PubMed and with the reference citation analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com ) database using the term “Retinoscopy,” with a range restricted to the last 10 years (2013-2023). The search string algorithm was: "Retinoscopy" (MeSH Terms) OR "Retinoscopy" (All Fields) OR "Retinoscopes" (All Fields) AND [(All Fields) AND 2013: 2023 (pdat)].
RESULTS
This systematic review included a total of 286 records. Publications reviewed iterations of the retinoscope into autorefractors, infrared photo retinoscope, television retinoscopy, and the Wifi enabled digital retinoscope.
CONCLUSION
The retinoscope has evolved significantly since its discovery, with a significant improvement in its diagnostic capabilities. While it has advantages such as non-invasiveness and broad applicability, limitations exist, and the need for skilled interpretation remains. With ongoing research, including the integration of artificial intelligence, retinoscopy is expected to continue advancing and playing a vital role in eye care.
Out‐of‐pocket health care expenses for people with and without cancer, New South Wales, 2020: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Goldsbury David E , Haywood Philip , Pearce Alison , Collins Louisa G , Karikios Deme , Canfell Karen , Steinberg Julia , Weber Marianne F 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate self‐reported out‐of‐pocket health care expenses, both overall and by cost type, for a large population‐based sample of Australians, by cancer status and socio‐demographic and medical characteristics.Study designCross‐sectional study.Setting, participantsNew South Wales residents participating in the 45 and Up Study (recruited aged 45 years or older during 2005–2009) who completed the 2020 follow‐up questionnaire; survey responses linked with New South Wales Cancer Registry data.Main outcome measuresProportions of respondents who reported that out‐of‐pocket health care expenses during the preceding twelve months exceeded $1000 or $10 000; adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations with socio‐demographic and medical characteristics.ResultsOf the 267 357 recruited 45 and Up Study participants, 45 061 completed the 2020 survey (response rate, 53%); 42.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.2–43.1%) reported that overall out‐of‐pocket health care expenses during the previous year exceeded $1000, including 55.4% (52.1–58.7%) of participants diagnosed in the preceding two years and 44.9% (43.7–46.1%) of participants diagnosed with cancer more than two years ago. After adjustment for socio‐demographic factors, out‐of‐pocket expenses greater than $1000 were more likely to be reported by participants with cancer than by those without cancer (diagnosis in past two years: aOR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.77–2.40]; diagnosis more than two years ago: aOR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.15–1.29]). The odds of out‐of‐pocket expenses exceeding $1000 increased with area‐based socio‐economic advantage and household income, and were higher for people with private health insurance (v people with Medicare coverage only: aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.53–1.75). Out‐of‐pocket expenses exceeding $10 000 were also more likely for participants diagnosed with cancer during the past two years (v no cancer: aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.56–4.26).ConclusionsPeople diagnosed with cancer during the past two years were much more likely than people without cancer to report twelve‐month out‐of‐pocket health care expenses that exceeded $1000. Out‐of‐pocket expenses for people with cancer can exacerbate financial strain at a time of vulnerability, and affect health care equity because some people cannot pay for all available treatments.
Reverence as a Cardinal Ethical Value in the Western Philosophy
Authors: Malook Saad 
Published: June 2024

This article explains reverence as a cardinal ethical value in Western philosophy, which was considered an underpinning value in ancient society and gradually declined over time. Many contemporary Western philosophers embark on respect rather than reverence. Reverence and respect are not the same. Reverence is all-inclusive, while respect is limited. Reverence values what is a genuine person, while respect may flatter a non-genuine person. Reverence is a cardinal moral and political value necessary for politics, education, law, economics, and religion. Reverence is not only essential for becoming a perfect human person but also for establishing a good society. To demonstrate reverence in Western philosophy, I select four significant Western intellectuals: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Bertrand Russell, Albert Schweitzer, and Paul Woodruff. Goethe posits a tripartite account of reverence: reverence for God, Earth, and human beings. Russell supports reverence in politics and education. Schweitzer not only developed his account of reverence but also lived his life according to it. Schweitzer holds that his life is his argument, which is reverence for life. Woodruff rediscovered the notion of reverence and applied it in politics and ethics. So, this article examines an account of reverence, posited by Goethe, Russell, Schweitzer, and Woodruff, and defends its role as a cardinal moral and political value indispensable for politics, education, and religion for acquiring the common good.
Influence of biofeedback training time on muscle torque and knee excursion following semitendinosus release in spastic quadriplegic children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: El- Deen Heba A. Bahey , Abdul-Rahman Radwa S. , Zahran Magda Ramadan , Abdelgeleel Shaimaa Abdalaleem 
Published: June 2024

Background. Medial hamstring shortening represents a serious common complication in children suffering from spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Objective. The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of biofeedback training timing following tendon release in spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsied children. Design. a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting: several hospitals across Giza and Cairo, where children were operated. Methods. Thirty spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsied children of both genders, with their ages ranged from 7 to 9 years (x ̅ = 8.2 ± 0.86 yr.) were randomly assigned into two equal groups (A and B). The control group (A) was trained using electromyographic biofeedback daily for two weeks after removal of plaster cast, in addition to an hour/ day of a designed physical therapy program, while the study group (B) was trained by electromyographic biofeedback during the immobilization period and for two weeks after removal of the cast along with the same physical therapy program as the group (A). The knee extensors’ peak torque and knee excursion angle were measured immediately and two weeks following cast removal by MERAC isokinetic system and electro-goniometer, respectively. Results. The findings exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the peak torque of knee extensors and an increase in knee excursion in the group (B) immediately and after two weeks of the cast removal when compared with the results of the group (A) after the same period. Conclusion. Applying electromyographic biofeedback training at the two-week immobilization period resulted in a strengthening of the quadriceps and maintaining the obtained range of knee extension following semitendinosus muscle release in spastic quadriplegic children with cerebral palsy.
EVALUASI PROGRAM TAHFIDZUL QUR’AN DENGAN MODEL CIPP DI MA AL-ISLAM JAMSAREN SURAKARTA
Authors: Nugroho Kukuh , Ridho Achmad Rasyid 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaiana strategi evaluasi program tahfidzul Qur’an dengan model CIPP (Contect-input-process-product) di MA Al-Islam Jamsaren Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kepala madrsah dan guru-guru di MA Al- Islam Jamsaren Surakarta. MA Al-Islam Jamsren Surakarta merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang berciri khas Islam serta berlandaskan Al Quran dan As-Sunnah. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi serta hasil literatur yang relevan. Sedangkan analisis data dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Evaluasi yang berorientasi keputusan ini menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP (Contect-Input- Process-Product) yang bersifat konprehensif. Lokasi penelitian ini di MA Al-Islam Jamsaren Surakarta dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut: 1) Hasil evaluasi context pelaksanaan program Tahfidzul Qur’an dikategorikan sangat baik, karena telah memenuhi kriteria evaluasi context yang ada. Program Tahfidzul Qur’an diadakan berdasarkan kebutuhan dan keinginan siswa, diselenggarakan atas dasar saran atau keinginan dari masyarakat/komite/orang tua dan dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat sekitar, diselenggarakan atas dasar misi Sekolah dan sesuai atau sejalan dengan program pemerintah daerah. Program Tahfidzul Qur'an sesuai dengan visi dan strategi untuk mencapai tujuan sekolah, sesuai dengan rencana sekolah, dan memiliki tujuan yang jelas dan dibukukan dalam kondisi baik; 2) Hasil evaluasi input dari pelaksanaan program Tahfidzul Qur'an secara keseluruhan menujukan kategori sangat baik. Evaluasi masukan terbagi menjadi beberapa indikator yaitu Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), sarana dan peralatan pendukung, dana atau anggaran, prosedur yang diperlukan, dan strategi; 3) Hasil evaluasi proses dari pelaksanaan program Tahfidzul Qur’an secara kesuluruhan mendapatkan kategori sangat baik. Evaluasi proses terbagi menjadi empat indikator yaitu: a) Kesesuaian pelaksanaan dengan rencana, b) Kesesuaian pengajar dalam proses penyampaian, c) Pemanfaatan sarana dan prasarana, dan d) Melakukan proses penilaian dan pengawasan; dan 4) Evaluasi hasil (Output) dari pelaksanaan program Tahfidzul Qur’an secara keseluruhan menunjukkan kategori sangat baik. Evaluasi hasil terdiri dari tiga indikator yaitu a) output yang dicapai dilihat dari tiga ranah (kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor), b) outcome program Tahfidzul Qur'an, dan c) manfaat yang telah didapat peserta didik.

Kata Kunci: Tahfidzul Qur’an, Evaluasi Model CIPP
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Restitusi dan Izin Siswa Menggunakan Metode Extreme Programming SMAN 1 Bebandem
Authors: Juniarta I Wayan , Yudi Anggara Wijaya I Nyoman , Ita Paramitha A.A Istri 
Published: June 2024

Sistem informasi siswa merupakan salah satu kebutuhan paling utama di dalam instansi pendidikan. membangun sebuah sistem informasi siswa merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk membantu mengelola data akademik menjadi sebuah informasi yang bermanfaat dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan mudah. Namun ada beberapa sekolah yang belum menerapkannya seperti SMA Negeri 1 Bebandem. Dalam mengelola data-data siswa seperti data siswa, data siswa yang bermasalah (Restitusi), data prestasi siswa, data siswa kurang mampu, kartu permisi siswa, data alumni, absensi siswa, dan jadwal mata pelajaran yang masih dilakukan secara manual berbasis kertas serta menggunakan Microsoft Office. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membantu merancang bangun sebuah sistem informasi siswa agar menjadi solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Extreme Programming yang diimplementasikan untuk merancang bangun sistem informasi siswa berbasis website untuk SMA Negeri 1 Bebandem dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MySQL sebagai basis datanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan studi literatur dalam mengumpulkan data dan informasi yang terkait. Sistem ini akan membantu dalam pengolahan data akademik sehingga informasi dapat tersimpan dengan baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi restitusi dan izin siswa berbasis website yang dikembangkan dapat memudahkan proses restitusi dan pengelolaan izin siswa di SMAN 1 Babandem. Sistem ini menyediakan fitur-fitur seperti pengajuan restitusi, persetujuan restitusi, histori restitusi, pengajuan izin, persetujuan izin, dan histori izin siswa. Dengan adanya sistem ini, proses restitusi dan pengelolaan izin siswa menjadi lebih terorganisir, efektif, dan efisien.
Métodos de enseñanza del hábito motor para mejorar el nivel de estrés de los luchadores en competición
Authors: Tobar Piedra Freddy Israel , Aguilar Morocho Elva Katherine 
Published: June 2024

This study will be useful for all sports initiation level coaches, since we will present in depth the learning levels of a wrestler’s motor habit. We have identified the different stages and how to handle the real stress of a competition. Therefore, the objective of this research was to establish a methodological guide for teaching motor habit, through the different processes and principles of sports training, to improve stress levels in competition of wrestlers. This research is experimental and quantitative in nature. We worked with a study population of 16 athletes from the school category Olympic wrestling discipline. The following tests were applied to the wrestlers: basic motor skills test, specific motor habit test, and divided anxiety test (somatic, cognitive and self-confidence). It was determined that anxiety can influence the sporting performance of wrestlers, but this anxiety is in turn related to the level of technical mastery. Therefore, the sports initiation stage of children must be correct and an appropriate methodology must be applied to improve their technical mastery.
El presente estudio será de utilidad para todos los entrenadores de nivel de iniciación deportiva, ya que presentaremos en profundidad los niveles de aprendizaje del hábito motor de un luchador. Hemos identificado las diferentes etapas y cómo manejar el estrés real de una competición. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer una guía metodológica de enseñanza del hábito motor, a través de los diferentes procesos y principios de entrenamiento deportivo, para mejorar los niveles de estrés en competición de los luchadores. Esta investigación es de tipo experimental de carácter cuantitativo. Se trabajó con una población de estudio de 16 deportistas de la disciplina de lucha olímpica de categoría escolar. Los siguientes tests se aplicaron a los luchadores: test de habilidades motrices básicas, test de hábito motor específico, y test de ansiedad dividida (somática, cognitiva y autoconfianza). Se determinó que la ansiedad puede influir en el rendimiento deportivo de los luchadores, pero esta ansiedad a su vez está relacionada con el nivel de dominio técnico. Por lo tanto, la etapa de iniciación deportiva de los niños debe ser la correcta y se debe aplicar una metodología adecuada para mejorar su dominio técnico.
La Auditoría Financiera: Una Herramienta de Gestión en las Organizaciones en Ecuador
Authors: García Zambrano Mariuxi Liseth , Monar Merchán Carlos Arturo 
Published: June 2024

La auditoría financiera es un examen financiero que las organizaciones realizan para obtener una opinión sobre la razonabilidad y confianza de estos. Por tanto, el proceso tiene a la planeación, desarrollo y dictamen. El objetivo fue señalar cómo contribuye la auditoría financiera en la efectividad de estas entes. Para esto, se utilizó el método bibliográfico y documental, que nos permitió identificar las fases mencionadas en casos resueltos. El nivel es descriptivo, por cuanto se recogen las opiniones de autores, expertos y estudios de artículos, libros y demás trabajos similares al tema; también, se utilizó el método inductivo y deductivo, en la revisión de varios documentos, entre informes y estados financieros validados por los sujetos de análisis; entre otros, de los cuáles se obtuvieron algunos datos, información y conocimiento, necesarios para la investigación. En esta línea, nos sirvieron los modelos y teorías de autores contemporáneos muy relevantes como Arens, Mendivil y Espino, sobre el nuevo paradigma de la auditoría financiera, ya sea, por cultura o por obligatoriedad utilizan las organizaciones. Entre los resultados, se confirmó, que la auditoría financiera sigue siendo una herramienta de gestión, que brinda confianza a los directivos sobre la veracidad, razonabilidad y efectividad de los informes de los estados financieros auditados y de la misma manera, los dictámenes con notas a ser ajustadas en su oportunidad. El hallazgo siempre servirá a sus dueños o directivos para la toma de futuras decisiones, porque les permite precautelar los activos, nuevas inversiones y generar políticas de dividendos o patrimoniales.
Caracterización y Mejora de la Práctica Pedagógica para la Educación Inicial: Experiencia en un Municipio con Alta Vulnerabilidad Social en Colombia
Authors: Cecilia Rico Martha 
Published: June 2024

Este artículo busca analizar la transformación de la práctica pedagógica en el quehacer de las Madres comunitarias- (MC), que atienden la educación inicial en un municipio con vulnerabilidad social en Colombia, mejora que se gestó a partir de una intervención pedagógica, que permitió responder a las necesidades de vulnerabilidad social. El análisis sustenta una metodología cualitativa con diseño de campo, apoyada por una cartografía social pedagógica y un registro anecdótico para evaluar y reflexionar el impacto de la intervención pedagógica, en el estudio participaron siete madres comunitarias y 120 niños. En los resultados se presentan seis categorías vinculadas en el ejercicio de la intervención pedagógica en los aspectos de planeación, ambientes pedagógicos, interacciones efectivas, seguimiento al desarrollo infantil, vinculación de las familias a la práctica pedagógica y prácticas de cuidado.