bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stack and draw fabrication of soft glass microstructured fiber optics
Authors: Pysz D. , Kujawa I. , Stępień R. , Klimczak M. , Filipkowski A. , Franczyk M. , Kociszewski L. , Buźniak J. , Haraśny K. , Buczyński R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A broad review is given of microstructured fiber optics components - light guides, image guides, multicapillary arrays, and photonic crystal fibers - fabricated using the stack-and-draw method from various in-house synthesized oxide soft glasses at the Glass Department of the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (ITME). The discussion covers fundamental aspects of stack-and-draw technology used at ITME, through design methods, soft glass material issues and parameters, to demonstration of representative examples of fabricated structures and an experimental characterization of their optical properties and results obtained in typical applications. Specifically, demonstrators include microstructured image guides providing resolution of up to 16000 pixels sized up to 20 μm in diameter, and various photonic crystal fibers (PCFs): index-guiding regular lattice air-hole PCFs, hollow core photonic bandgap PCFs, or specialty PCFs like highly birefringent microstructured fibers or highly nonlinear fibers for supercontinuum generation. The presented content is put into context of previous work in the area reported by the group of authors, as well as other research teams.
High-accuracy numerical integration methods for fractional order derivatives and integrals computations
Authors: Brzeziński D.W. , Ostalczyk P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper the authors present highly accurate and remarkably efficient computational methods for fractional order derivatives and integrals applying Riemann-Liouville and Caputo formulae: the Gauss-Jacobi Quadrature with adopted weight function, the Double Exponential Formula, applying two arbitrary precision and exact rounding mathematical libraries (GNU GMP and GNU MPFR). Example fractional order derivatives and integrals of some elementary functions are calculated. Resulting accuracy is compared with accuracy achieved by applying widely known methods of numerical integration. Finally, presented methods are applied to solve Abel’s Integral equation (in Appendix).
Theoretical analysis of air-fuel mixture formation in the combustion chambers of the gas engine with two-stage combustion system
Authors: Jamrozik A. , Tutak W. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The results of theoretical analysis of a mixture formation process during the compression stroke in a prechamber of the IC (internal combustion) gas engine with the stratified mixtures two-stage combustion system were presented in the paper. The course of excess air-fuel ratio changes in prechamber at ignition time λkz in function of degree of the mixture condensation during the compression stroke φ expressing quotient of a temporary cylinder and prechamber volume and maximal value of the volume were estimated. Research concerning λkz sensitivity on changes of rich combustible mixture composition delivered to the prechamber by the additional fuel supply system λko, mixture composition in cylinder _c and degree of filling a prechamber with the rich combustible mixture ξ were performed. According to numerical calculations it was proved that the real gas engine with the two stage combustion system at equal degree requires exact regulation of the three analysed values.
Automatic Vehicle Classification in Systems with Single Inductive Loop Detector
Authors: Gajda J. , Mielczarek M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The work proposes a new method for vehicle classification, which allows treating vehicles uniformly at the stage of defining the vehicle classes, as well as during the classification itself and the assessment of its correctness. The sole source of information about a vehicle is its magnetic signature normalised with respect to the amplitude and duration. The proposed method allows defining a large number (even several thousand) of classes comprising vehicles whose magnetic signatures are similar according to the assumed criterion with precisely determined degree of similarity. The decision about the degree of similarity and, consequently, about the number of classes, is taken by a user depending on the classification purpose. An additional advantage of the proposed solution is the automated defining of vehicle classes for the given degree of similarity between signatures determined by a user. Thus the human factor, which plays a significant role in currently used methods, has been removed from the classification process at the stage of defining vehicle classes. The efficiency of the proposed approach to the vehicle classification problem was demonstrated on the basis of a large set of experimental data.
Simultaneous Effect Of Habitat And Age On Reproductive Success Of Imperial Eagles (Aquila Heliaca) In Hungary
Authors: Horváth Márton , Szitta Tamás , Bagyura János , Fatér Imre , Firmánszky Gábor , Moskát Csaba 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An unexpected expansion of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) population was observed in East Hungary from mountainous habitat into lowlands from 1989 onwards. Here the population markedly increased from 2 to 59 breeding pairs by 2006, while the mountainous population remained more or less stable with 12-17 breeding pairs. At the beginning of the expansion process the nearest neighbour distances between breeding pairs was lower in the mountains than in the lowlands, but presently they are similar, indicating a saturation process in the lowland areas, but no density dependence was revealed on breeding success. During the study period a higher ratio of non-adult pairs was observed in the lowland territories (49%) than in the mountains (22%). We found that both age and habitat influenced breeding success. We also found that age-effect was significant on success rate (i.e. the ratio of pairs that produce at least one chick), while habitat-effect was more evident on fledging success (i.e. the number of fledglings per productive pair). The overall productivity (i.e. number of fledglings per breeding pair) was affected primarily by the age of the pairs, but the interaction term of age x habitat also was significant. We suppose that better feeding possibilities (closer foraging areas and larger prey density) could explain the higher fledging success in the lowlands. We also predicted that pairs inhabiting agricultural areas in the lowlands will have a reduced success rate due to higher human disturbance, together with an age effect of the breeding pairs. Therefore adult pairs probably can habituate to disturbance even if it happens in the close vicinity of their nesting sites.
Breeding Distribution and Nest Site Diversity of Barn Owl (Tyto Alba) in the Context of Restoration of Agricultural Sector in Central South Bulgaria
Authors: Milchev Boyan , Gruychev Gradimir 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) bred in 15 UTM squares (75%, n = 20) of the Kazanlak Valley (central south Bulgaria) at 33 localities (55% confirmed, 12% probable and 33% possible breeding). Its distribution in the Valley was found to be five times larger and its population size ten times greater during our study period than previously thought. Evidence of one to five breeding localities (mean 2.2±1.3) was detected in each occupied UTM square. A breeding density of 4.1 bp/100 km2 was close to the average in Central Europe. Nests inside or on metal frames and ducts were typical in the region and gave possibility for its successful breeding in most of the habitable buildings. The Barn Owls were breeding mainly in poorly maintained and abandoned buildings whose supply has not decreased markedly since the agricultural restoration started in Bulgaria after it joined the European Union and intensive industrial agriculture has resumed with EU support. Currently, it appears that Barn Owl is not threatened by a ‘housing shortageʼ over the next decade.
Development of Aspergillus Protease with Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Chronic Rhinosinusitis Model in the Mouse
Authors: Kim Ji Heui , Yi Jong Sook , Gong Chang-Hoon , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: December 2014

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. Particularly, eosinophilic CRS is often recalcitrant to treatment, so an appropriate animal model is required to evaluate the pathogenesis of, and to develop therapies for, recalcitrant eosinophilic CRS. This study aimed to improve the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of eosinophilic/allergic CRS by combining OVA with Aspergillus protease, which is known to trigger allergic reactions in mouse lungs. Methods In a model of allergic CRS, mice were challenged intranasally with Aspergillus protease combined with OVA. Local and systemic responses were measured. Protease (0.54 U) from Aspergillus oryzae, prepared with or without OVA (75 micrograms), OVA alone, or saline, was administered intranasally to wild-type mice for 5 weeks. Sinonasal complex samples were evaluated histologically, and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha were measured in nasal lavage fluid. A differential white blood cell count was also performed. Results OVA alone induced minimal eosinophilic inflammation in sinonasal mucosa, while protease + OVA and protease alone induced moderate eosinophilic inflammation. Protease + OVA elevated eosinophil counts in blood comparable with controls, but not compared with OVA alone. Although IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, MIP-2, and TNF-alpha were increased in all study mice, the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were higher in mice treated with protease + OVA than in mice treated with OVA alone. Protease alone excessively elevated the levels of IL-6, MIP-2, and TNF-alpha, not Th2 cytokines, compared with OVA alone and protease + OVA. Conclusion Aspergillus protease combined with OVA induced more severe allergic inflammation in sinonasal mucosa compared with OVA alone and similar eosinophilia. This model could be more relevant to recalcitrant eosinophilic CRS in humans than OVA-induced allergic CRS.
Societal and Physician Perspectives on Sinonasal Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Mohan Shaulnie , Sisler Katelin , Christopher Kara , Hentzelman Joshua , Antisdel Jastin 
Published: December 2014

Background Sinusitis is diagnosed in 31 million individuals annually and has a significant impact on health care expenditures. Otolaryngologists understand that patient expectations, health knowledge, and the use of therapeutic options by patients and primary care physicians (PCPs) vary greatly. The intent of this study was to elucidate differences in the perspectives of patients, PCPs and otolaryngologists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal disease. Methods Three surveys were developed with questions targeting sinonasal infections: specifically, prevalence, diagnosis, physician prescribing patterns, treatment alternatives, and referral patterns to tertiary level physicians. Surveys were distributed to adult patients (n = 113) at general health fairs, whereas surveys for PCPs (n = 54) and otolaryngologists (n = 40) were obtained from teaching conferences and professional networking events. Results In a description of viral upper respiratory tract infections (URIs), 43% of patients attributed symptoms to allergic rhinitis, 28% to URIs, and 28% to sinus infections. Despite this, 37% of patients still expected anti-bacterial agents. In patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS), 44% of patients would wait <1 week to see a physician whereas 82% of otolaryngologists and 57% of PCPs felt waiting 1 week or more was appropriate. In an ambulatory care setting, 45% of PCPs would chose to treat patients with 5 days of ARS symptoms whereas 32% of otolaryngologists would treat patients (p = .22). For ARS, 70% of patients expected antibiotics. Seventy percent of PCPs stated that they would refer a patient to an otolaryngologist after a single episode of sinusitis. Conclusion Patients with sinonasal symptoms confuse URIs for sinusitis and expect unnecessary treatment with antibiotics. PCPs and otolaryngologists vary regarding indications for presentation to a physician, approaches to therapy, and indications for referral to a tertiary provider in their respective practices.
State of the Art: A Systematic Review of the Surgical Management of Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Yip Jonathan , Yao Christopher M. , Lee John M. 
Published: December 2014

Background Endoscopic sinus surgery is an important modality to the armamentarium of the otolaryngologist managing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Within the spectrum of CRS, there exists a subset of patients who are recalcitrant to conventional treatment strategies, including those with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Although surgery is frequently undertaken in this group, there has been no general consensus on the efficacy or optimal extent of surgery. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of published studies was conducted. Inclusion criteria included original publications of adult patients with AERD undergoing surgery, cohorts of greater than five subjects, a minimum follow-up of 3 months, and measurable clinical outcomes. An electronic search was performed using OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. Results Sixteen studies met the criteria for analysis. For our primary objective, sinus surgery appeared to improve patient-reported quality of life (QoL) and symptom profile in AERD. Overall, most studies reported a decrease in radiographic grading, endoscopy scores, and asthma severity. Compared with aspirin-tolerant asthmatic patients, AERD patients may have worse objective measures of disease severity both pre- and postoperatively; however, patient-reported QoL and symptom improvement may be similar after sinus surgery. Finally, this review showed that patients with AERD required revision surgeries sooner and more frequently compared with other subtypes of CRS. We also discussed the role of maximal surgical techniques and additional benefit of postoperative adjunctive therapies in the management of this disease entity. Conclusion The state of the art in the management of AERD patients suggests that surgery does play an important role in helping establish symptomatic control. In the future, more rigorous studies evaluating the comprehensiveness of surgery and postoperative adjuncts are required to understand their impact on long-term patient outcomes.
Combined Use of Scoring Incisions and 2-octylcyanoacrylate Adhesive during Endonasal Septoplasty to Correct Cartilaginous Deviations
Authors: Kim Bo-Hyung , Kim Jong-Yeup , Park Jae Sung , Kang Sung-Ho , Lim Dae Jun , Yu Myeong Sang 
Published: December 2014

Background Applying 2-octylcyanoacrylate (2-OCA) tissue adhesive onto scoring incisions may increase efficacy and prevent concavity recurrence after septal deviation treatment. The present study evaluates the utility of 2-OCA adhesive application during endonasal septoplasty. Methods The postoperative outcomes were compared between two consecutive periods in a single surgical department. Between March 2011 and March 2012, 23 consecutive patients underwent septoplasty using scoring incisions without 2-OCA application (scoring alone group), and between April 2012 and April 2013, the scoring incision gaps were filled with 2-OCA in 27 patients (scoring + CA group). The patients were followed up for more than six months. Results A straight septum was achieved in 37.0% of patients in the scoring alone group versus 58.3% in the scoring + CA group. The postoperative symptom score for nasal obstruction was significantly improved in both groups. Persistent septal swelling developed in three (12.5%) patients in the scoring + CA group. Neither group experienced major complications such as septal hematoma, abscess, or septal perforation. Conclusions Application of 2-OCA adhesive onto scoring incisions appears to be a reliable and effective technique to correct deviated cartilage during endonasal septoplasty. However, the volume of 2-OCA applied onto the septum should be minimized to avoid potential foreign body reaction. A long-term follow-up study is warranted.
The influence of process parameters on the preparation of CaF2@Al(OH)3 composite powder via heterogeneous nucleation
Authors: Chen Zhaoqiang , Xu Chonghai , Chen Hui , Ma Jun , Li Ming 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The use of self-lubricating materials not only reduces friction coefficients and alleviates effects of wear and tear, but also helps to maintain the mechanical properties of materials. By using coating technology in the application of self-lubricating materials, it is possible to effectively improve the bonding strength between a solid lubricant and substrate material and additionally to protect the solid lubricant against oxidation and decomposition during the sintering process. This study uses the heterogeneous nucleation method, where aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) is coated on the surface of calcium fluoride (CaF2) to prepare a CaF2@Al(OH)3 composite powder. It was observed, through analysis of the preparation process parameters, that the Al3+ concentration, pH value, and reaction temperature were the factors which most influence coating quality. Optimum process parameters were found to be an Al3+ concentration of 0.15 mol · L–1, pH value of 7.5, and reaction temperature of 75 °C. Comparing and analyzing the micro-morphology of sample composite powders proved the effectiveness and favorable performance of the CaF2@Al(OH)3 composite we produced under optimized process parameters.
La littérature polémique autour de la Querelle des Investitures. Le plaidoyer en faveur d'Henri IV de Pierre Crassus (à suivre)
Authors: Bonhomme Pierre 
Published: December 2014

Le pontificat de Grégoire VIII et le règne d Henri IV, fin du XIe s., avaient été marqués dans les faits par la double déposition du roi par le pape et l'invalidation de celui-ci par le roi. Devant cette contradiction, les impérialistes proclameront l'inaliénabilité de la couronne, tandis que les grégoriens objecteront que l'élection pontificale ne dépend en rien de l'empereur.
Dans ce contexte historique où l'on pressent les débats sur les relations de l'Église et des Etats, le « Plaidoyer en faveur d'Henri IV » 1082- 1084, oppose à la théocratie, la version de l'absolutisme royal fondée sur le droit romain et sur une certaine interprétation des Pères et de l'Écriture avec lesquels le juriste de Ravenne semble familier.
Œuvre de circonstances, le « Plaidoyer ?» pour seconder les ambitions immédiates d'Henri IV, s'efforce d'obtenir la déchéance de Grégoire VIII (1ère et 2ème rédaction) coupable d'avoir détruit l'ordre établi par Dieu en déposant un empereur chrétien institué de droit divin, et de rallier au roi les Saxons rebelles (3ème rédaction).
Retour sur l'Apocalypse
Authors: Giet Stanislas 
Published: December 2014

L'interprétation de l'Apocalypse johannique proposée dans L'Apocalypse et l'Histoire (Paris, P.U.F., 1967) n'a pas été sans soulever des objections.
L'examen de celles-ci amène l'auteur à préciser quelques détails des raisons qui l'avaient incité à voir dans une oeuvre inspirée par les récents de la guerre juive, à éclairer de surcroît certaines du texte, à relever enfin des données nouvelles dans les écrits et la tradition.
La chronographie juive à l'époque gréco-romaine
Authors: Meysing Jacques 
Published: December 2014

La croyance en un rajeunissement périodique du vieil univers était liée à la pensée astrologique. On calculait donc les révolutions célestes et on se hasardait à fixer la durée de la Grande Année. La chronographie apocalyptique ambitionnait d'adapter les données historiques au cadre de la chronologie céleste, en vue de la prédiction de la fin des temps. La division de l'histoire en périodes en était la conséquence.
A partir de l'an 70 de notre ère, on constate une contraction progressive des périodes successives de la chronologie de la Bible hébraïque. Ce mouvement d'abrègement s'arrête dans la première moitié du IIème siècle.
La première phase de cette contraction progressive s'explique par le phénomène parallèle de l'eschatologie différée La phase ultérieure du même mouvement signifie qu'on avait abandonné l'attente immédiate de l'eschaton en faveur de l'idée d'une répétition cyclique de l'histoire.
Psychanalyse, symbole et signifiant. Arbitraire, consensus et éthique
Authors: Sublon Roland 
Published: December 2014

L'élaboration saussurienne fait état de la notion d'arbitraire. Cette notion s'applique-t-elle au rapport du signe à la réalité qu'il signifie, ou bien doit-on l'appliquer également au rapport du signifiant et du signifié ? Le consensus social s'ajoute à ces questions et fait intervenir la dimension de l'éthique.
La prise en considération, par la psychanalyse, du sujet inconscient de renonciation et du narcissisme, déplace toute cette problématique et apporte une dimension nouvelle à l'épistémologie et à l'éthique. L'affirmation que le « signifiant représente un sujet pour un autre signifiant» (Lacan), indique le caractère éthique de toute élaboration théorique et interroge les enfermements positivistes et dogmaticiens y œuvrant.
Abraham dans le « De Officiis Ministromm » d'Ambroise
Authors: Berton Raymond 
Published: December 2014

Ambroise, dans le De Officiis Ministrorum, s'est inspiré de très près de Cicéron. Il a cependant remplacé les exemples de son modèle par des exemples tirés de la Bible. Abraham est l'un d'eux. Après les deux livres du De Abraham, dont le deuxième est nettement inspiré de Philon, Ambroise présente le patriarche sous un jour nouveau. Il étudie successivement le départ d'Abraham à l'appel de Dieu (Gen. 12,1 s.), sous un aspect plus humain, le séjour en Egypte, sa guerre contre les rois, où il découvre en lui le modèle cicéronien du guerrier. Il analyse ses différentes vertus, la prudence et la justice et tout particulièrement l'hospitalité à l'occasion de l'épisode de Mambré. Il relate brièvement le sacrifice d'Isaac où il découvre en Abraham les quatre vertus ciséroniennes.
Abraham est ainsi devenu un héros ciséronien mais Ambroise, comme toujours, ne se laisse pas enfermer dans les cadres de son modèle. Il sait les élargir, voire les modifier jusqu'aux perspectives chrétiennes.