bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Chronic High Alcohol Intake on Blood Pressure, Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration and Plasma Renin Concentration
Authors: Ibsen H. , Christensen N. J. , Rasmussen S. , Hollnagel Hanne , Nielsen M. Damkjaer , Giese J. 
Published: August 2015

1. Sixteen 44-year-old males with chronic high alcohol intake were investigated. Seventeen 44-year-old males with low alcohol intake from the same population served as controls.
2. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations did not differ significantly between individuals with high and low alcohol intake, neither at rest nor after acute stimulation induced by ambulation for 15 min. However, 63% (10 out of 16) of the individuals with high intake showed resting values within the upper quartile range for individuals with low intake.
3. Plasma renin concentration was twice as high (P &lt; 0.01) in the group with high alcohol intake as in the group with low intake.
4. Systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01) in the group with high intake compared with the group with low intake.
5. Sympathetic nerve activity, as defined from measurements of plasma noradrenaline concentration, is not uniformly increased in individuals with chronic high alcohol intake. The mechanisms behind the increased plasma renin level as well as the possible role of the renin-angiotensin system in alcohol-induced hypertension remain unsettled.
Prizidilol (SKF 92 657) in Primary Hypertension
Authors: Karlberg B. E. , Larsson R. , öhman K. P. 
Published: August 2015

1. Prizidilol (SKF 92 657), a new antihypertensive drug with combined precapillary vasodilator and non-selective β-adrenoceptor-blocking actions, was given to 24 patients with essential hypertension in a placebo-controlled, dose-titration study, Incremental doses from 200 to 800 mg were given once daily. Supine and standing blood pressure measured 24–27 h after drug intake was reduced during treatment with prizidilol (400–800 mg/day). Slight but significant decreases in heart rate were seen after moderate doses (mean: 447 mg once daily) of prizidilol. A more pronounced blood pressure reduction was noticed 2–7 h after drug administration.
2. Maximal blood pressure reduction coincided with peak plasma concentration of prizidilol, which was measured by a newly developed assay.
3. Plasma renin activity and 24 h urinary excretion of aldosterone and methoxycatecholamines were reduced after the highest doses (mean: 700 mg once daily) of prizidilol.
4. Prizidilol was well tolerated, although dizziness and tiredness were reported by four patients and oedema by two.
The Antihypertensive Effects of Ketanserin (R 41 468), a Novel 5-Hydroxytryptamine-Blocking Agent, in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: De Crée J. , Leempoels J. , Geukens H. , De Cock W. , Verhaegen H. 
Published: August 2015

1. In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study a 4 week treatment with ketanserin was shown to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure markedly and significantly in 10 patients with essential hypertension. Heart rate remained virtually unchanged during the whole observation period. Systolic time intervals, reflecting cardiac output, did not change during the ketanserin phase, whereas these values deteriorated during the placebo period.
2. Ketanserin, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT2)-receptor antagonist with a high selectivity for blood vessels and thrombocytes, most probably acts by decreasing the venous capacitance bed constriction, and by counteraction of the amplifying effects of serotonin on noradrenaline and other vasoactive amines.
Percutaneous Transluminal Dilatation of Renal Artery Stenosis: 2 years' Experience
Authors: Kuhlmann U. , Vetter W. , Grüntzig A. , Schneider E. , Pouliadis G. , Steurer J. , Siegenthaler W. 
Published: August 2015

1. Percutaneous transluminal dilatation was performed in 37 patients with renovascular hypertension: 24 had atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and 13 had fibromuscular dysplasia.
2. Percutaneous transluminal dilatation could not be performed for technical reasons in three (8%) of the 37 patients.
3. In the remaining 34 patients blood pressure fell significantly (P &lt; 0.001) from 201 ± 31/118 ± 14 mmHg to 144 ± 22/91 ± 11 mmHg 3 days after the procedure. The respective values at months 6 and 24 were 148 ± 26/89 ± 12 mmHg (n = 23, P &lt; 0.001) and 143 ± 14/89 ± 6 mmHg (n = 8, P &lt; 0.001).
4. Certain differences between the two subgroups emerged in the response to percutaneous transluminal dilatation (6 months values, n = 23): cure rate was higher in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia than in those with atherosclerotic stenosis (67% vs 35%) and in contrast to atherosclerotic stenosis none of the cases with fibromuscular dysplasia was unimproved.
5. Follow-up angiography performed at month 6 showed recurrence of slight renal artery stenosis in five out of 19 patients (all atherosclerotic).
6. Complications were seen in six (16%) of the 37 patients.
7. Our results show that percutaneous transluminal dilatation is a valid method for the treatment of renovascular hypertension. Patients with fibromuscular dysplasia may show a better response than those with atherosclerotic stenosis. In this study the latter was complicated by a high risk of developing restenosis. Finally a complication rate of 16% requires careful selection of patients.
Synovial Fluid and Plasma Fibronectin Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Scott D. L. , Farr M. , Crockson A. P. , Walton K. W. 
Published: August 2015

1. Plasma fibronectin levels were similar in 60 healthy subjects and 88 with rheumatoid arthritis.
2. In 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid fibronectin levels were significantly higher than plasma levels (P &lt; 0.001). Intermediate fibronectin levels were found in synovial fluid from six patients with psoriatic arthritis, eight patients with osteoarthritis and seven with seronegative arthritis.
3. Plasma and synovial fluid fibronectin levels were not related to indices of inflammatory activity such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the Ritchie articular index or synovial fluid cell counts. Nor did fibronectin behave as an acute-phase protein.
4. Immunofluorescent studies showed that fibronectin was adsorbed on fibrinous debris in rheumatoid arthritic joints.
5. These findings suggest that there is local production of fibronectin by the synovium and suggest that measurement of fibronectin levels in the synovial fluid may serve as an indicator of the tissue response to rheumatoid arthritis.
β-Adrenoceptor Blockade and Recovery from Hypoglycaemia in Diabetic Subjects: Normalization after Lactate and Glycerol Infusions
Authors: Lager I. , Smith U. 
Published: August 2015

1. Previous studies have shown that non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockade attenuates the blood glucose recovery rate after hypoglycaemia in type I diabetes. Apart from possible effects on hepatic glycogenolysis propranolol also inhibits the release of the important gluconeogenic substrates lactate and glycerol.
2. To determine whether the effect of non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockade on glucose recovery could be associated with diminished availability of gluconeogenic substrates, lactate and glycerol were infused during hypoglycaemia in four insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Comparisons were made of the blood glucose recovery on placebo, propranolol and propranolol combined with the infusion.
3. The blood glucose recovery rate after hypoglycaemia was less on propranolol than with placebo but was significantly improved and not different from placebo when propranolol treatment was combined with lactate and glycerol infusions. Thus, at least for type I diabetic patients, in whom gluconeogenesis is proportionally greater than in healthy subjects, non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockade attenuates the glucose recovery rate from hypoglycaemia mainly by reducing the availability of gluconeogenic substrates.
Influence of the Vagus Nerve on Changes in Heart Rate during Sleep Apnoea in Man
Authors: Meanock C. I. 
Published: August 2015

1. The changes in heart rate surrounding a period of apnoeic asphyxia, produced by either central or obstructive sleep apnoea, are characteristically a progressive bradycardia during the apnoeic period followed by an abrupt reversal to tachycardia with resumption of lung inflation.
2. In a subject who had undergone bilateral pulmonary vagotomy with sparing of the cardiac branches on the left side, the bradycardia is still present during the apnoeic period; however, there is no abrupt response to lung inflation.
3. A subject who had undergone unilateral right-sided pulmonary vagotomy demonstrated a normal response, the increase in heart rate coinciding with resumption of airflow.
4. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the bradycardia of sleep apnoea is a hypoxia-induced chemoreflex and that reversal to tachycardia with resumption of lung inflation is a reflex with afferent fibres in the pulmonary vagus nerves.
Alterations in Haem Biosynthesis during the Human Menstrual Cycle: Studies in Normal Subjects and Patients with Latent and Active Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: McColl K. E. L. , Wallace A. M. , Moore M. R. , Thompson G. G. , Goldberg A. 
Published: August 2015

1. The timing of onset of attacks of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) in relation to the menstrual cycle has been studied in three patients experiencing frequent attacks. Nineteen of their 27 admissions in attack for which no exogenous precipitating causes could be identified were during the 7 days before the onset of menstruation.
2. Haem biosynthesis has been monitored throughout a complete menstrual cycle in six normal females and compared with that in male control subjects. In the females, there was marked fluctuation in the activity of the rate-controlling enzyme of haem biosynthesis, δ-aminolaevulinate (ALA) synthase, which was monitored in peripheral leucocytes. The fluctuation did not show any clear association with menstruation and no association was found between the enzyme activity and ovarian or adrenal steroid production as monitored by measurement of plasma concentrations of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone. The activity of uroporphyrinogen I (URO) synthase, the enzyme which is deficient in AIP, was monitored in peripheral erythrocytes of four of the normal female subjects and was similar to that found in four male control subjects. The urinary excretion of ALA and porphobilinogen (PBG) was also similar in the male and female subjects and there was no association with the phase of the menstrual cycle or activity of the enzymes studied.
3. Studies of haem biosynthesis have been made throughout a complete menstrual cycle in a 26 year old female with latent AIP. The activity of leucocyte ALA synthase showed more marked fluctuation than in the normal female subjects and was highest at the time of menstruation. No association was apparent between the activity of ALA synthase and plasma concentrations of androstenedione, DHA and DHAS. The fluctuation in activity of erthrocyte URO synthase was similar to that of the normal subjects. The urinary excretion of ALA and PBG was normal throughout and showed no correlation with fluctuations in enzyme activity.
4. The human menstrual cycle modifies haem biosynthesis in normal subjects as well as in subjects with latent and manifested AIP.
5. The human female menstrual cycle modifies haem biosynthesis in peripheral blood cells as well as in the liver.
Is the Pro-Adhesive Activity of Plasma Von Willebrand Factor Counteracted by a Physiological Inhibitor of Platelet Adhesiveness?
Authors: Porta M. , Cagliero E. , Kohner E. M. 
Published: August 2015

1. Abnormal plasma levels of von Willebrand factor are accompanied by abnormal platelet function in some disease states.
2. Platelet retention in glass bead columns, platelet aggregation in vitro, β-thromboglobulin and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α were monitored in six normal male volunteers before and after an acute rise of von Willebrand factor, as induced by the intravenous administration of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP).
3. After DDAVP a steady twofold rise of von Willebrand factor occurred. Platelet retention increased by 74% immediately after DDAVP but returned to baseline values within 60–120 min. No consistent changes of the other variables were observed.
4. These results suggest that as yet unidentified mechanism(s) inhibits the pro-adhesive activity of von Willebrand factor.
Total Hepatectomy and Hepatic Vascular Exclusion in the Rat: A Comparison, with Special Reference to the Influence of Body Temperature
Authors: Peignoux M. , Bernuau J. , Benhamou J.-P. 
Published: August 2015

1. The effects of two procedures for dehepatization, total hepatectomy and complete hepatic vascular exclusion, were compared in the rat, and the influence of decreasing the body temperature from 37.5° to 35.5°C on the course of dehepatization was evaluated.
2. The duration of survival after total hepatectomy was 5.75 ± sd 0.67 h at 37.5°C and 8.51 ± 0.78 h at 35.5°C (P &lt; 0.001). The duration of survival after complete hepatic vascular exclusion was 5.61 ± 1.06 h at 37.5°C and 8.30 ± 0.70 h at 35.5°C (P &lt; 0.001).
3. It is concluded that (a) the duration of survival does not differ after total hepatectomy and after complete vascular exclusion, which suggests that substances released by the necrotic liver have no influence on the course of dehepatization, and (b) the body temperature has an influence on the course of dehepatization and must be carefully monitored in the comparison of the different procedures for dehepatization and in the assessment of experimental therapeutic methods for acute liver failure.
Relationship between Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis and Biliary Cholesterol Secretion in Man: Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis is not a Major Regulator of Biliary Lipid Secretion
Authors: Maton P. N. , Reuben A. , Dowling R. H. 
Published: August 2015

1. To examine the role of newly synthesized cholesterol as a determinant of bile lipid secretion, both hepatic cholesterol synthesis (as judged by the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, EC 1.1.1.34; HMGCoAR) and steady state biliary cholesterol output were measured in nine patients.
2. HMGCoAR levels varied four fold (9–40 pmol min−1 mg−1) and biliary cholesterol secretion 2–5-fold (0.60−1.15 μUmol h−1 kg−1) but there was no correlation between these two variables (r = 0.18; P&gt;0.05) nor between biliary bile acid output and HMGCoAR activity (r = 0.34; P&gt;0.05).
3. There was, however, a linear relationship between bile acid and phospholipid secretion (r = 0.77; P&lt;0.001) and between bile acid and cholesterol secretion (r = 0.69; P&lt;0.05).
4. These results suggest that HMGCoAR activity is not a major determinant of cholesterol secretion nor at these secretion rates is HMGCoAR activity related to bile acid return to the liver.
The Autonomic Nervous Tone Abnormalities in the Genesis of the Impaired Baroreflex Responsiveness in Borderline Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Volpe Massimo , Trimarcoy Bruno , Ricciardelli Bruno , Vigorito Carlo , De Luca Nicola , Rengo Franco , Condorelli Mario 
Published: August 2015

1. The effects of intravenous administration of neostigmine and propranolol, individually or in combination, on baroreflex responsiveness have been evaluated in 18 borderline hypertensive subjects and in 14 age-matched control subjects.
2. Baroreceptor sensitivity was tested by evaluating both heart rate response to phenylephrine-induced increase in arterial pressure, and heart rate and blood pressure changes induced by increasing neck-tissue pressure by means of a neck-chamber.
3. In borderline hypertensive subjects a reduced baroreflex responsiveness was demonstrated with both stimuli as compared with normal subjects. Neostigmine administration improved consistently both reflex responses. Similarly, after propranolol treatment, borderline hypertensive subjects showed a significant enhancement of the baroreflex sensitivity. Finally, the combined administration of neostigmine and propranolol restored the baroreflex responses. In fact, both the mean slopes of the regression lines between blood pressure and R-R interval after phenylephrine and the increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate induced by the reduction in carotid transmural pressure in borderline hypertensive subjects were similar to those observed in normals.
4. These findings indicate that in borderline hypertensive subjects the impairment of baroreflex responsiveness is mainly due to abnormalities of autonomic regulation.
Duodenal Perfusion with Sodium Taurocholate Inhibits Biliary but not Pancreatic Secretion in Man
Authors: Björnsson Ó. G. , Fletcher D. R. , Christofides N. D. , Bloom S. R. , Chadwick V. S. 
Published: August 2015

1. A standard duodenal perfusion technique was used to study the effects of luminally perfused sodium taurocholate on basal and stimulated biliary and pancreatic secretion and gastrointestinal hormone release in man.
2. During duodenal perfusion with sodium taurocholate alone, both basal and caerulein/secretin-stimulated bilirubin secretion were suppressed. A successive perfusion with a mixture of the bile salt and essential amino acids in combination overcame the biliary suppression and biliary secretion rose above basal levels. A further increase in bilirubin secretion was not observed in a subsequent perfusion with essential amino acids alone in these studies.
3. No inhibitory effect on basal or caerulein/secretin-stimulated trypsin secretion was observed during the bile salt perfusion; basal trypsin secretion was in fact slightly increased during a prolonged (4 h) perfusion of the bile salt.
4. During bile salt perfusion, basal bicarbonate secretion remained unchanged but caerulein/secretin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion was slightly increased.
5. Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory peptide and gastrin did not change significantly during duodenal perfusion with bile salt, but plasma levels of motilin were suppressed.
6. These results support the view that bile salts in the duodenum-5-regulate biliary and pancreatic secretion in man and affect plasma levels of motilin.
A Simple Method for Measuring Thickness of the Mucus Gel Layer Adherent to Rat, Frog and Human Gastric Mucosa: Influence of Feeding, Prostaglandin, N-Acetylcysteine and other Agents
Authors: Kerss Susan , Allen A. , Garner A. 
Published: August 2015

1. A technique has been developed for measuring thickness of the gastric surface mucus gel layer. Mucosal sections (1·6 mm) were cut from frog and rat stomach and human antrum, mounted transversely and viewed by an inverse microscope (× 200 magnification) under dark field illumination or phase contrast. The mucus layer was readily distinguishable and its dimensions could be recorded by means of an eyepiece graticule.
2. Mean mucus gel thickness in rat, frog (Rana temporaria and Rana pipiens) and human was 73, 76, 55 and 192 μm respectively. However, there was variation in the average thickness of the gel layer between individual mucosae from the same species (up to twofold). Mucus thickness between adjacent regions of the same mucosal section also varied markedly (up to tenfold).
3. Topical administration of 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 by oral intubation caused a significant increase in thickness in both rat and frog at doses of 5 μg/ml and 0·5 μg/ml respectively. Feeding and exposure of the mucosa to N-acetylcysteine (10–20%, w/v) produced variable effects, whereas pepsin (1 mg/ml) caused a marked reduction in thickness of the surface gel layer in both rat and frog.
4. The technique provides a rapid and simple method for determining gastrointestinal mucus thickness in relation to mucosal morphology. It is ideally suited for studying the control of mucus secretion and effect of drugs.
Exchangeable Sodium in Rats with Goldblatt Two-Kidney One-Clip Hypertension
Authors: McAreavey D. , Brown W. B. , Robertson J. I. S. 
Published: August 2015

1. Exchangeable sodium (NaE) was measured serially in rats given a sodium-free diet to eat with sodium chloride solution (85 mmol/l) containing 22Na to drink.
2. After 15 days, nine rats had a left renal artery clip applied; nine had a sham operation.
3. There was no significant difference in NaE between the two groups during the 6 week period after clipping, at the end of which blood pressure was 189 ± 8 mmHg (mean ± sem) in the clipped group and 150 ± 2 mmHg in the sham-operated group (P &lt; 0·001).
4. When the clips were removed blood pressure in the hypertensive group fell to 144 ± 4 mmHg.
5. On the first day after removal of the clip NaE was significantly lower in the clipped group than in the sham-operated group, but there were no significant differences thereafter.
6. Total body sodium (TBNa), measured at death, was consistently higher than NaE by a mean of 1·25 ± 0·08 mmol, in hypertensive and control rats alike.
7. We conclude that changes in sodium balance are not a necessary accompaniment of the development of hypertension in this two-kidney one-clip rat model.
Defective Reflex Control of Heart Rate in Dialysis Patients: Evidence for an Afferent Autonomic Lesion
Authors: Zoccali C. , Ciccarelli M. , Maggiore Q. 
Published: August 2015

1. To localize the site of autonomic abnormality in patients undergoing haemodialysis, tests of overall autonomic function based on either changes in blood pressure (posture, sustained handgrip) or heart rate (Valsalva manoeuvre, 30:15 ratio, deep breathing test) were used. Integrity of the sympathetic efferent arc was examined by using the cold pressor test and the parasympathetic efferent arc by the atropine test. Eighteen patients and 12 control subjects were studied.
2. Changes in blood pressure on standing, sustained handgrip and in the cold pressor test were the same in the two groups.
3. In contrast, 11 patients had abnormal results in at least two of the three heart-rate-based tests.
4. Three of the 11 dialysis patients with evidence of autonomic involvement showed abnormal responses to atropine, indicating an efferent parasympathetic lesion, whereas the majority had a normal response to the atropine test, suggesting an afferent lesion only.
5. Evidence of autonomic involvement was not associated with hypertension nor confined to patients with dialysis hypotension.
Abolition, by Dopamine Blockade, of the Natriuretic Response Produced by Lower-Body Positive Pressure
Authors: Bennett E. D. , Tighe D. , Wegg W. 
Published: August 2015

1. In a preliminary study, a positive pressure of 25 mmHg applied to the lower body raised right atrial pressure by a mean of 7 mmHg.
2. Sustained application of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) in six normal adult males increased sodium excretion ([Na]V) from a control level of 126·5 ± 10 μmol/min to 213 ± 21 μmol/min (P = 0·003) and fractional sodium excretion (EfNa) from 0·7 ± 0·1 to 1·2 ± 0·1 (P = 0·001).
3. Urine flow (UF) increased from 0·85 ± 0·07 ml/min to 4·1 ± 0·8 ml/min (P = 0·002), osmolar clearance (Cosm) from 2·6 ± 0·13 ml/min to 4·2 ± 0·4 ml/min (P = 0·003) and free water clearance (CH2O)from −1·75 ± 0·1 ml/min to −0·1 ± 0·01 ml/min (P = 0·001). Creatinine clearance (Ccr) showed no significant change.
4. After dopamine blockade with domperidone, LBPP did not cause a rise in [Na]V or EfNa. However, urine flow, Cosm and CH2O remained significantly above control values, implying persistent suppression of antidiuretic hormone.
5. Dopamine blockade without positive pressure did not affect basal sodium excretion.