bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO2 decreases the response of the ethylene signaling pathway in Medicago truncatula and increases the abundance of the pea aphid
Authors: Guo Huijuan , Sun Yucheng , Li Yuefei , Liu Xianghui , Zhang Wenhao , Ge Feng 
Published: September 2013

Summary

The performance of herbivorous insects is greatly affected by plant nutritional quality and resistance, which are likely to be altered by rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2.

We previously reported that elevated CO2 enhanced biological nitrogen (N) fixation of Medicago truncatula, which could result in an increased supply of amino acids to the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). The current study examined the N nutritional quality and aphid resistance of sickle, an ethylene‐insensitive mutant of M. truncatula with supernodulation, and its wild‐type control A17 under elevated CO2 in open‐top field chambers.

Regardless of CO2 concentration, growth and amino acid content were greater and aphid resistance was lower in sickle than in A17. Elevated CO2 up‐regulated N assimilation and transamination‐related enzymes activities and increased phloem amino acids in both genotypes. Furthermore, elevated CO2 down‐regulated expression of 1‐amino‐cyclopropane‐carboxylic acid (ACC), sickle gene (SKL) and ethylene response transcription factors (ERF) genes in the ethylene signaling pathway of A17 when infested by aphids and decreased resistance against aphids in terms of lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO).

Our results suggest that elevated CO2 suppresses the ethylene signaling pathway in M. truncatula, which results in an increase in plant nutritional quality for aphids and a decrease in plant resistance against aphids.
Relative Refractoriness of Left Ventricular Contraction Underlies Human Tachycardia‐Induced Mechanical and Electrical Alternans
Authors: KASHIMURA TAKESHI , KODAMA MAKOTO , WATANABE TOHRU , TANAKA KOMEI , HAYASHI YUKA , OHNO YUKAKO , OBATA HIROAKI , ITO MASAHIRO , HIRONO SATORU , HANAWA HARUO , MINAMINO TOHRU 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundMechanical alternans (MA) and electrical alternans (EA) are predictors of cardiac events. Experimental studies have suggested that refractoriness of calcium cycling underlies these cardiac alternans. However, refractoriness of left ventricular contraction has not been examined in patients with cardiac alternans.MethodsIn 51 patients with miscellaneous heart diseases, incremental right atrial pacing was performed to induce MA and EA. MA was quantified by alternans amplitude (AA: the difference between left ventricular dP/dt of a strong beat and that of a weak beat), and AA at 100/min (AA100) and maximal AA (AAmax) were measured. EA was defined as alternation of T wave morphology in 12‐lead electrocardiogram. Relative refractoriness of left ventricular contraction was examined by drawing the mechanical restitution curve under a basal coupling interval (BCL) of 600 ms (100/min) and was assessed by the slope at BCL (Δmechanical restitution). Postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) was also examined and the slope of PESP curve (ΔPESP) was assessed as a property to alternate strong and weak beats.ResultsMA and EA were induced in 19 patients and in none at 100/min or less, and at any heart rate in 32 and in 10, respectively. AA100 and AAmax correlated positively with Δmechanical restitution and negatively with ΔPESP. Patients with EA had a significantly larger Δmechanical restitution and a significantly larger absolute value of ΔPESP than those without.ConclusionsIn patients with MA and EA, the left ventricular contractile force during tachycardia is under relative refractoriness and prone to cause large fluctuation of contractile force.
Longibelus gen. nov., a new Cretaceous coleoid genus linking Belemnoidea and early Decabrachia
Authors: Fuchs Dirk , Iba Yasuhiro , Ifrim Christina , Nishimura Tomohiro , Kennedy William J. , Keupp Helmut , Stinnesbeck Wolgang , Tanabe Kazushige 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe phylogenetic origin and the timing of origination of the Decabrachia are controversial. This is due to a poor understanding of character complexes relating to the shell, which causes difficulties in establishing homologies among different taxa. One central problem concerns a clear differentiation between belemnoids and early spirulids. A comparative analysis of shell structures of well‐preserved specimens including types and new material of Cretaceous spirulids Groenlandibelus, Naefia and Cyrtobelus, as well as selected taxa of aulacocerid, belemnitid and diplobelid belemnoids, revealed a set of 14 characters. Seven characters (apical angle, chamber length, dorsal and ventral sutures, orientation of septa, direction of the dorsal part of the septal neck, primordial rostrum) are not or less diagnostic, whereas the seven remaining characters can be reliably used to distinguish between the Decabrachia on the one hand and Belemnitida and Aulacocerida on the other hand. These diagnostic characters are as follows: (1) presence/absence of a mural flap; (2) position of the siphuncle; (3) shape of the dorsal soft tissue attachment scar; (4) presence/absence of tabular nacre in the conotheca; (5) presence/absence of a rostrum proper; (6) presence/absence of a narrow rod‐like proostracum; and (7) presence/absence of a caecum. Diplobelida and ‘Naefia’ matsumotoi, however, exhibit a mosaic of decabrachian and belemnoid characters. Owing to striking differences between N. neogaiea, the type species of Naefia, and ‘N.’ matsumotoi, the new genus Longibelus has been erected. Besides a redescription of Longibelus (‘Naefia’) matsumotoi, we describe the first Maastrichtian occurrences of this species from Hokkaido (northern Japan) and Alaska. Among the type material of N. neogaiea from the Maastrichtian of Chile, we found one specimen that unambiguously belongs to Longibelus gen. nov. Similarly, two specimens from the Maastrichtian of Mexico previously determined as N. neogaiea also belong to the new genus. Also, we can reinterpret material from the Cenomanian of India as Longibelus gen. nov. New material from the Albian of India likewise assignable to Longibelus is described for the first time. Finally, we introduce the first records of coleoids from Zululand (South Africa). These specimens belong to Longibelus as do specimens from the Aptian of Caucasus (previously described as ‘Naefia’ kabanovi). A phylogenetic approach suggests that Longibelus gen. nov. is derived from diplobelid‐like belemnoids and gave rise for the Decabrachia or at least groenlandibelid spirulids. This strongly supports earlier ideas on a close relationship between Cretaceous Decabrachia and belemnites and simultaneously challenges opinions that Decabrachia originated in the Carboniferous.
EarlyMioceneMollusca fromMcMurdoSound,Antarctica (ANDRILL2Adrill core), with a review ofAntarcticOligocene andNeogenePectinidae (Bivalvia)
Authors: Beu Alan , Taviani Marco 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRetrotapes andrillorumsp. nov.,Hiatellacf.arctica(Linnaeus, 1767), ?Yoldiasp. (internal mould) and six taxa ofPectinidae are reported from theBurdigalian section of theANDRILL2Acore, drilled inMcMurdoSound,RossSea. The pectinids areAdamussiumcf.jonkersiQuaglioet al., 2010,Antarctipectengen. nov.alanbeui(Jonkers, 2003),Austrochlamys forticostasp. nov.,Austrochlamyscf.marisrossensisJonkers, 2003,Ruthipectengen. nov., sp. nov. (not named) and a fragmentary specimen representing an unnamed genus and species. In a revision ofAntarcticPectinidae,AustrochlamysJonkers, 2003,Ruthipectengen. nov. (proposed forChlamys(Zygochlamys)tuftsensisTurner, 1967, reported only fromWrightValley and theVestfoldHills, not present inANDRILL2A),Leoclunipectengen. nov. (proposed forAustrochlamys gazdzickiiJonkers, 2003, reported only fromOligocene rocks ofKingGeorgeIsland, not present inANDRILL2A) and the unnamed genus inANDRILL2Aare assigned to subfamilyChlamydinae, tribeChlamydini, whereasAdamussiumThiele, 1934 andAntarctipectengen. nov. are assigned to subfamilyPalliolinae, tribeAdamussiini. The diversePectinidae inANDRILL2Asuggest sea temperatures roughly 5°C warmer than at present in theRossSea duringEarlyMiocene time.
Phototherapy Rash in Newborn Infants: Does It Differ Between Conventional and Light Emitting Diode Phototherapy?
Authors: Surmeli‐Onay Ozge , Korkmaz Ayse , Yigit Sule , Yurdakok Murat 
Published: September 2013

AbstractData comparing the cutaneous side effects of light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy (LP) and conventional phototherapy (CP) devices in jaundiced newborn infants are very limited. We investigated the incidence and extent of skin eruptions caused by different phototherapy devices in preterm infants who are more prone to neonatal jaundice. This prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Childrens’ Hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Preterm infants without skin lesions before and requiring phototherapy in the first week of life were included in the study. The infants were randomly assigned to receive CP or LP and were monitored closely for skin eruptions during phototherapy. Fifty‐eight infants were included in the study: 25 (43.1%) received CP while 33 (56.9%) received LP. The duration of phototherapy was similar in the two groups (30.4 ± 9.6 hours and 31.8 ± 15.6 hours, respectively). Baseline and control bilirubin levels were similar for the two groups (p = 0.101 and p = 0.105, respectively). The frequency of skin eruptions was 36% in the CP group and 33% in the LP group (p = 0.83). The skin eruptions were macules in 13 (22.4%), papules in 5 (8.6%), and maculopapular rashes in 2 (3.4%) infants.There were no differences in the incidence and extent of skin eruptions in preterm infants who received CP or LP.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Induced Recurrent Stevens–Johnson Syndrome in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Campagna Cinzia , Tassinari Davide , Neri Iria , Bernardi Filippo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMycoplasma pneumoniae, the major pathogen of primary atypical pneumonia, is reported as the most common infectious agent associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) in children. For that reason it is important to consider mycoplasma infection also in the absence of classical pulmonary symptoms. SJS is a rare and acute, self‐limited disease, characterized by severe inflammation and necrosis of two or more mucous membranes. We report the case of a 12‐year‐old boy with a diagnosis of SJS induced by M. pneumoniae infection. The patient's SJS relapsed 8 months after discharge. When the condition is recurrent, it is important early on to identify the cause of a single episode to optimize care and therapeutic choices.
Case Report of Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Demonstrating Human Herpesvirus‐6 Reactivation
Authors: Ferrero Natalie A. , Pearson Kelly C. , Zedek Daniel C. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDrug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome that presents with diffuse cutaneous eruptions, fever, and multiorgan involvement. Here we present a pediatric case of DRESS complicated by human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6 reactivation. After 1 week of sulfasalazine, our patient developed a diffuse morbilliform eruption. Sulfasalazine was discontinued. The patient presented to the emergency department soon thereafter with worsening eruption, fever, rigors, facial edema, and lymphadenopathy. Methylprednisolone was initiated. Peripheral smear did not demonstrate eosinophilia but showed toxic granulation with atypical lymphocytes. Transaminase levels and white blood cell count quickly became elevated, with increased eosinophils, suggesting DRESS. During the methylprednisolone taper, our patient experienced symptom exacerbation, acute hepatitis, and HHV‐6 seroconversion, indicating HHV‐6 reactivation as the cause. As demonstrated by our patient, a decelerated methylprednisone taper is important because of potential symptom flaring during taper. Additionally, in the care of individuals with DRESS, HHV‐6 is often tested for upon admission and not repeated. Delay in the rise of titers necessitates repeat testing.
Photogrammetric Processing of Spherical Panoramas
Authors: Fangi Gabriele , Nardinocchi Carla 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPanoramic images have increasingly interesting applications and they are extensively used for cultural heritage documentation and virtual 3D environments. Moreover, it has been proven that they can contain good metric content. This paper describes a state‐of‐the‐art photogrammetric tool based on spherical panoramas. The fundamental photogrammetric equations are reviewed and two real applications are examined in order to illustrate its performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency. As a first step towards the automation of the orientation and restitution process, the epipolar geometry of spherical panoramic images has also been investigated. With a view to its integration in photogrammetric tools, the shape of the epipolar line is studied both in 3D space and as a 2D mapping; the results obtained with simulation data are analysed.
Differences in the readiness of guilty and informed innocent examinees to cooperate on the Guilty Action Test
Authors: Elaad Eitan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA mock crime experiment was designed in which 100 participants were randomly assigned to five conditions: four experimental conditions in a 2 × 2 factorial design (two guilt conditions—guilty or informed innocents, crossed with two incentive level conditions—with or without a promised reward for proving innocence), and one control condition of uninformed innocents. Along with the common dependent polygraph measures, attitudes towards cooperating with the test were assessed. Results indicated that the informed innocents preferred to cooperate whereas guilty participants preferred to try and obstruct the test. These tendencies were amplified among participants who were promised a reward. The cooperative choice attenuated electrodermal responses to the critical items. Respiration measures were sensitive to the incentive level manipulation. Implications of the results for future research and for actual detection of information tests were discussed.
On Sampling Designs with Ordered Conditional Inclusion Probabilities
Authors: Bondesson Lennart , Traat Imbi 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper we consider a family of sampling designs for which increasing first‐order inclusion probabilities imply, in a specific sense, increasing conditional inclusion probabilities. It is proved that the complementary Midzuno, the conditional Poisson, and the Sampford designs belong to this family. It is shown that designs of the family are more efficient than a comparable with‐replacement design. Furthermore, the efficiency gain is explicitly given for these designs.
Conclusions: Switzerland as a paradigmatic case of small‐state peace policy?
Authors: Graf Andreas , Lanz David 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis concluding article looks at the findings of the special issue through the lens of the Swiss experience. It traces the development of Swiss peace promotion activities, emphasising the emergence of a fully institutionalized peace policy since the end of the Cold War. Drawing on role theory, it makes sense of this process by referring to changes in the structure of the international system, altered role expectations by external actors, as well as internal processes of role contestation. In comparison to other small states, the article argues that Switzerland can be seen as a paradigmatic case on some levels. Notably, Switzerland extended its peace promotion activities as part of a niche foreign policy, which emerged in response to the post‐Cold War world order as well as a change in dominant foreign policy role conceptions. At the same time, there are a number of idiosyncrasies: Switzerland as a non‐member of EU and NATO enjoys a higher degree of autonomy in crafting its peace policy and its peace promotion activities remain largely focused on civilian instruments.
Superposition of Episodic Memories: Overdistribution and Quantum Models
Authors: Brainerd Charles J. , Wang Zheng , Reyna Valerie F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMemory exhibits episodic superposition, an analog of the quantum superposition of physical states: Before a cue for a presented or unpresented item is administered on a memory test, the item has the simultaneous potential to occupy all members of a mutually exclusive set of episodic states, though it occupies only one of those states after the cue is administered. This phenomenon can be modeled with a nonadditive probability model called overdistribution (OD), which implements fuzzy‐trace theory's distinction between verbatim and gist representations. We show that it can also be modeled based on quantum probability theory. A quantum episodic memory (QEM) model is developed, which is derived from quantum probability theory but also implements the process conceptions of global matching memory models. OD and QEM have different strengths, and the current challenge is to identify contrasting empirical predictions that can be used to pit them against each other.
The Potential of Using Quantum Theory to Build Models of Cognition
Authors: Wang Zheng , Busemeyer Jerome R. , Atmanspacher Harald , Pothos Emmanuel M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractQuantum cognition research applies abstract, mathematical principles of quantum theory to inquiries in cognitive science. It differs fundamentally from alternative speculations about quantum brain processes. This topic presents new developments within this research program. In the introduction to this topic, we try to answer three questions: Why apply quantum concepts to human cognition? How is quantum cognitive modeling different from traditional cognitive modeling? What cognitive processes have been modeled using a quantum account? In addition, a brief introduction to quantum probability theory and a concrete example is provided to illustrate how a quantum cognitive model can be developed to explain paradoxical empirical findings in psychological literature.
Bromus tectorum invasion in South America: Patagonia under threat?
Authors: Speziale K L , Lambertucci S A , Ezcurra C 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is an aggressive invasive species posing threats to native ecosystems including increase in fire frequency, alteration of water and nutrient cycles and exclusion of native species. As such, it is important to monitor this species worldwide. However, outside the United States, it has been poorly studied. We studied this species at two scales: (i) at a local scale, evaluating the species presence and its determinants, along the ecotonal area between the steppe and the forest within north‐western Patagonia, to reveal whether B. tectorum is actually invading natural ecosystems in areas comparable with those invaded in USA, and (ii) at a regional scale, through a search of literature and herbaria databases on B. tectorum in South America, to determine the current known distribution of the species in this subcontinent. Results indicate that it is already invading north‐western Patagonia in Argentina, mainly in the semi‐arid part of the region, and that precipitation influences the invasion process. We found that for South America, B. tectorum has been only documented in southern Argentina and Chile. Given the similarities to other invaded regions, the possibility of invasion for Patagonia has been predicted but not prevented. It is important to study changes in the invasion level where it is already established, and to encourage managers with prevention and control strategies. Combining this information with lessons from places with extensive periods of invasion could help to initiate management of the species in areas where the invasion process is beginning and before the species spreads widely.
Development of Bio-Based Foams With Improved Acoustic and Mechanical Performance
Authors: Mosanenzadeh Shahrzad Ghaffari , Naguib Hani E. , Park Chul B. , Atalla Noureddine 
Published: September 2013

Interest in noise control has been growing in recent years and efforts are under way to improve the acoustic performance of existing sound absorbers and also to replace the non-recyclable ones with environmentally friendly materials. Present study describes the research on fabrication, improvement of acoustic absorption and enhancement of mechanical strength of bio-based open-cell foams. Through this study, highly porous open-cell Polylactide (PLA) foams were fabricated by a new fabrication method combining particulate leaching technique and compression molding.
Foamed structures were fabricated with PLA and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with salt as the particulate. Pore size of the foam was controlled by salt particulates and higher interconnectivity was achieved by the co-continuous blending morphology of PLA matrix with water-soluble PEG. As a result of novel secondary porous structure, acoustic performance of PLA foams was successfully improved.
One issue with application of bio-based open-cell foams is the weak structure. To improve mechanical characteristics of PLA foams, different polymer composites of PLA and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) were foamed and characterized in terms of acoustic performance, mechanical properties and foam morphology.
Polymers used in this study are bio-based which is of great importance considering huge amount of foams used as acoustic absorbers in various industries.
Characterization of a clinical unit for digital radiography based on irradiation side sampling technology
Authors: Rivetti Stefano , Lanconelli Nico , Bertolini Marco , Nitrosi Andrea , Burani Aldo 
Published: September 2013

Purpose:A characterization of a clinical unit for digital radiography (FUJIFILM FDR D‐EVO) is presented. This system is based on the irradiation side sampling (ISS) technology and can be equipped with two different scintillators: one traditional gadolinium‐oxysulphide phosphor (GOS) and a needle structured cesium iodide (CsI) phosphor panel.Methods:The characterization was achieved in terms of response curve, modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectra (NPS), detective quantum efficiency (DQE), and psychophysical parameters (contrast‐detail analysis with an automatic reading of CDRAD images). For both scintillation screens the authors accomplished the measurements with four standard beam conditions: RAQ3, RQA5, RQA7, and RQA9.Results:At the Nyquist frequency (3.33 lp/mm) the MTF is about 35% and 25% for CsI and GOS detectors, respectively. The CsI scintillator has better noise properties than the GOS screen in almost all the conditions. This is particularly true for low‐energy beams, where the noise for the GOS system can go up to a factor 2 greater than that found for CsI. The DQE of the CsI detector reaches a peak of 60%, 60%, 58%, and 50% for the RQA3, RQA5, RQA7, and RQA9 beams, respectively, whereas for the GOS screen the maximum DQE is 40%, 44%, 44%, and 35%. The contrast‐detail analysis confirms that in the majority of cases the CsI scintillator is able to provide improved outcomes to those obtained with the GOS screen.Conclusions:The limited diffusion of light produced by the ISS reading makes possible the achievement of very good spatial resolution. In fact, the MTF of the unit with the CsI panel is only slightly lower to that achieved with direct conversion detectors. The combination of very good spatial resolution, together with the good noise properties reached with the CsI screen, allows achieving DQE on average about 1.5 times greater than that obtained with GOS. In fact, the DQE of unit equipped with CsI is comparable to the best alternative methods available which are based on the same technology, and similar to others based on an a‐Se direct conversion detectors.