bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective memory functions in traumatic brain injury: The role of neuropsychological deficits, metamemory and impaired self‐awareness
Authors: Lencsés Anita , Mikula Bernadett , Mioni Giovanna , Rendell Peter G. , Dénes Zoltán , Demeter Gyula 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA large body of evidence suggests that individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have significant difficulties with prospective memory (PM), the memory for future intentions. However, the processes underlying this cognitive deficit remain unclear. This study aimed to gather further evidence regarding PM functions in TBI and clarify the role of neuropsychological deficits, metamemory, and mood disorders. We used a laboratory‐based clinical measure, the Virtual Week, to examine PM function in 18 patients with TBI and 18 healthy control subjects. Measures of attention, processing speed, executive functions, episodic memory, and self‐report questionnaires were also administered. In line with prior literature, our findings indicate that individuals with TBI had a consistent deficit compared to controls across all PM tasks. In previous studies, TBI patients had more severe impairment on time‐based tasks; nevertheless, our results show that across all participants event‐based tasks were easier to perform compared to time‐based only when the retrospective memory demand was high. The patients were not only impaired on the prospective component of PM but also failed to recognise the content of their task (the retrospective component). Interestingly, the TBI group did not report higher levels of everyday memory problems, anxiety and depression compared to the control group. These measures also failed to correlate with PM and recognition memory performance. This study found that besides the neuropsychological deficits, a global impairment in PM functioning is present in individuals with TBI across various task types, tasks low and high in retrospective demands, and event versus time‐based.
The Working Capital Credit Multiplier
Authors: ALMEIDA HEITOR , CARVALHO DANIEL , KIM TAEHYUN 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTWe provide novel evidence that funding frictions can limit firms’ short‐term investments in receivables and inventories, reducing their production capacity. We propose a credit multiplier driven by these considerations and empirically isolate its importance by comparing how a similar firm responds to shocks differently when these shocks are initiated in their most profitable quarter (“main quarter”). We implement this test using recurring and unpredictable shocks (e.g., oil shocks) and provide extensive evidence supporting our identification strategy. Our results suggest that funding constraints and credit multiplier effects are significant for smaller firms that heavily rely on financing from suppliers.
Repair strength of 3D‐printed denture base resins: Effect of surface treatment and repair material type
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Hamad Hawra M. Al , Almohsin Fatimah M. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Akhtar Sultan , Khan Soban Q. , Rahoma Ahmed , Al‐Qarni Faisal D. , Baba Nadim Z. , Al‐Harbi Fahad A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment and repair materials on the flexural strength of repaired 3D‐printed denture base resins after thermal aging.Materials and methodsBar‐shape specimens (64 × 10 × 3.3 mm) were designed as intact (control) specimens while repair specimens were printed in sections with 2.5 mm space for repair material. Printing was performed with either ASIGA or NextDent denture base material. In each material, one group received no surface treatment, while other repair groups were subjected to one of three surface treatments: (1) monomer application, (2) aluminium oxide particles‐abrasion, or (3) both methods (aluminum oxide particles‐abrasion and monomer application). Pairs were fixed in a customized mold then repaired with either autopolymerizing acrylic resin or flowable composite (n = 9). Repaired specimens were incubated for 48 h at 37°C in distilled water and then subjected to thermal cycling (5000 cycles). A 3‐point bending test was used to evaluate the flexural strength using a universal testing machine, and mode of failure determined followed by fractured surface analysis using scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultsBoth resin materials showed a significant decrease in the flexural strength of repaired specimens when compared to control ones (p < 0.001). Groups with no surface treatment had significantly lower flexural strength than those with surface treatment (p < 0.001). Groups treated with monomer application, and with aluminum oxide particles abrasion plus monomer application had similar flexural strength values (p > 0.05), which were higher than those treated with aluminum oxide particles abrasion alone (p < 0.001). Specimens repaired with composite resin showed higher flexural strength than those repaired with auto‐polymerized resin (p < 0.05) however, specimens treated with aluminum oxide particles abrasion alone had similar values for both repair materials (p = 0.95). Adhesive failure was dominant in all repaired groups with auto‐polymerized while cohesive and mixed were dominant with composite repair groups.ConclusionSurface treatment improved the repair strength of 3D‐printed denture base resins. Using composite resin for repair shows better strength with dominant cohesive and mixed failure suggesting that surface treatment and composite repair are suitable procedures for 3D‐printed denture base repair.
Incentivizing anticorruption reform: Evidence from a natural experiment in Mexican subnational legislatures
Authors: Guajardo Gustavo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile popular with voters, politicians rarely advance anticorruption policies because they can personally inconvenience them. When do the benefits of anticorruption reform outweigh the costs? I explore the role of electoral incentives by leveraging original data on over 600 anticorruption initiatives introduced to state legislatures in Mexico and an overlap between two reforms—one that required states to create local anticorruption systems and one that lifted an 80‐year‐old ban on reelection. Results show that legislators with reelection incentives were more likely to advance anticorruption initiatives and more likely to comply with the creation of local anticorruption systems. Findings underscore that while anticorruption reform is often met with resistance because corruption benefits those in power, electoral incentives can generate conditions under which reform takes place.
Cosmic‐ray exposure age accumulated in near‐Earth space: A carbonaceous chondrite case study
Authors: Shober Patrick M. , Caffee Marc W. , Bland Phil A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the expected cosmic‐ray exposure (CRE) of meteorites if they were to be ejected by a near‐Earth object, that is, from an object already transferred to an Earth‐crossing orbit by an orbital resonance. Specifically, we examine the CRE ages of CI and CM carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), which have some of the shortest measured CRE ages of any meteorite type. A steady‐state near‐Earth carbonaceous meteoroid probability density function is estimated based on the low‐albedo near‐Earth asteroid population, including parameters such as the near‐Earth dynamic lifetime, the impact probability with the Earth, and the orbital parameters. This model was then compared to the orbits and CRE ages of the five CC falls with precisely measured orbits: Tagish Lake, Maribo, Sutter's Mill, Flensburg, and Winchcombe. The study examined two meteoroid ejection scenarios for CI/CM meteoroids: Main Belt collisions and ejections in near‐Earth space. The results indicated that applying a maximum physical lifetime in near‐Earth space of 2–10 Myr to meteoroids and eliminating events evolving onto orbits entirely detached from the Main Belt (Q < 1.78 au) significantly improved the agreement with the observed orbits of carbonaceous falls. Additionally, the CRE ages of three of the five carbonaceous falls have measured CRE ages one to three orders of magnitude shorter than expected for an object originating from the Main Belt with the corresponding semi‐major axis value. This discrepancy between the expected CRE ages from the model and the measured ages of three of the carbonaceous falls indicates that some CI/CM meteoroids are being ejected in near‐Earth space. This study proposes a nuanced hypothesis involving meteoroid impacts and tidal disruptions as significant contributors to the ejection and subsequent CRE age accumulation of CI/CM chondrites in near‐Earth space.
Evolutionary drivers of reproductive fitness in two endangered forest trees
Authors: Mendoza‐Maya Eduardo , Giles‐Pérez Gustavo Ibrahim , Vargas‐Hernández J. Jesús , Sáenz‐Romero Cuauhtémoc , Martínez‐Trujillo Miguel , de los Angeles Beltrán‐Nambo María , Hernández‐Díaz José Ciro , Prieto‐Ruíz José Ángel , Jaramillo‐Correa Juan P. , Wehenkel Christian 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Population genetics theory predicts a relationship between fitness, genetic diversity (H0) and effective population size (Ne), which is often tested through heterozygosity‐fitness correlations (HFCs).

We tested whether population and individual fertility and heterozygosity are correlated in two endangered Mexican spruces (Picea martinezii and Picea mexicana) by combining genomic, demographic and reproductive data (seed development and germination traits).

For both species, there was a positive correlation between population size and seed development traits, but not germination rate. Individual genome‐wide heterozygosity and seed traits were only correlated in P. martinezii (general‐effects HFC), and none of the candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with individual fertility showed heterozygote advantage in any species (no local‐effects HFC). We observed a single and recent (c. 30 thousand years ago (ka)) population decline for P. martinezii; the collapse of P. mexicana occurred in two phases separated by a long period of stability (c. 800 ka). Recruitment always contributed more to total population census than adult trees in P. mexicana, while this was only the case in the largest populations of P. martinezii.

Equating fitness to either H0 or Ne, as traditionally proposed in conservation biology, might not always be adequate, as species‐specific evolutionary factors can decouple the expected correlation between these parameters.
Treatment of Fourth Metatarsal Brachymetatarsia Using Distraction Osteogenesis with External Fixator: Surgical Techniques, Outcomes and Complications
Authors: Li Xing , Gu Jianming , Wu Yong , Wang Yan , Gong Xiaofeng , Sun Ning , Li Ying , Lai Liangpeng , Li Wenjing , Li Heng , Yang Xiaosong , He Xiaotian , Du Hui 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveSurgical technique in distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of brachymetatarsia can influence the final prognosis. However, there are currently no standardized guidelines for surgical procedures and complication management. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of bone lengthening with external fixation by minimally invasive osteotomy based on Ilizarov technique in the treatment of congenital brachymetatarsia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients with congenital brachymetatarsia treated by metatarsal lengthening, from June 2017 to December 2020. There were 11 patients with 17 shorted fourth metatarsals, including 10 females and 1 male, with age of 24.6 ± 4.5 years (16–31 years). Six patients were bilaterally involved. Orthofix external fixator mini track was installed through dorsal approach and the fourth MTP joints were temporarily fixed by Kirschner wire. Bone lengthening was performed after a minimally invasive osteotomy at the proximal metatarsals. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) lesser metatarsophalangeal‐interphalangeal (MTP‐IP) scores, metatarsal length, complications were recorded. Statistical comparison was performed using the paired t‐student test for pre‐ and postoperative AOFAS MTP‐IP scores.ResultsPatients were followed up for 55 ± 10.8 months. The mean length of the fourth metatarsal bone was 49.9 ± 2.9 mm preoperatively. The mean metatarsal shortage was 18.8 ± 3.1 mm. The mean lengthening achieved was 19.8 ± 3.3 mm, with a lengthening ratio of 39.7% ± 6.6%. The lengthened callus ossified completely at 3–4 months after operation. All patients were satisfied with the results of lengthening. The AOFAS scores were improved significantly from 83.7 ± 4.2 preoperatively to 93.2 ± 2.7 postoperatively (t = −10.27, p < 0.001). One patient with traumatic metatarsophalangeal joint subluxation was treated by joint reduction and Kirschner wire fixation. One patient had metatarsophalangeal joint release and Kirschner wire fixation due to flexion contracture. Pin tract infections were controlled by wound care and antibiotics in 6 patients. All patients had no nonunion, necrosis of toes, and sensory disturbance of toes.ConclusionMetatarsal lengthening by minimally invasive osteotomy with external fixator had satisfactory results in the treatment of congenital brachymetatarsia.
AtCIPK20 regulates microtubule stability to mediate stomatal closure under drought stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Tao , Zhou Xuna , Wang Yixiao , Liu Xueqin , Fan Yudong , Li Ruiqi , Zhang Huiyong , Xu Yufang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrought stress is a common abiotic challenge that profoundly impacts plant growth and development. As sessile organisms, plants rely on various physiological and morphological adaptations to cope with drought conditions. The CIPK (calcineurin B‐like protein‐interacting protein kinase) family proteins play a pivotal role in mediating plant responses to abiotic stress through modulation of cellular membrane events via the CBL‐CIPK complex. However, reports documenting the CIPKs’ regulation of non‐membrane events are scant. In this study, we discovered a novel subcellular localisation pattern of the AtCIPK20 protein of Arabidopsis, specifically to cortical microtubules (cMT), which is distinct from previously reported localisation patterns of plant CIPKs. AtCIPK20 regulates ABA‐induced loss of cMT organisation in guard cells, thereby facilitating stomatal closure, mitigating leaf water loss, and protecting plants from drought stress in Arabidopsis. The C‐terminal regulatory domain of AtCIPK20 governs its cMT targeting, whereas the interaction of AtCIPK20 with its CBL partners disrupts this localisation. Notably, the cMT targeting characteristic of AtCIPK20 is not exclusive, as several other CIPK members in Arabidopsis, maize, and rice exhibit similar localisation patterns. These findings broaden our current understanding of the role of plant CIPK members in abiotic stress resistance and suggest that future exploration of CIPK molecular functions should adopt a more comprehensive perspective.
Improving Stock Price Forecasting Accuracy with Stochastic Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Patrick Vincent Assunta Malar , Salleh Hassilah 
Published: August 2024

The stock market operates in a stochastic environment, making accurate price forecasting challenging. To address this issue, a stochastic multilayer perceptron (S-MLP) model has been developed to simulate the stock market's stochastic nature. By incorporating a Gaussian process into the sigmoid activation function, this model incorporates stochasticity into the traditional multilayer perceptron (MLP). As the perturbation factor, a stochastic sigmoid activation function (SAF) with a volatility estimator is used. Although S-MLP has demonstrated superiority over MLP, there is still room for improvement in terms of forecasting precision. In this study, we propose S-MLP with a trainable perturbation factor (S-MLPT), an improved variant of S-MLP. SAF employs the Yang-Zhang volatility estimator as the perturbation factor. The proposed model first employed MLP, and all the parameters were trained. After freezing the parameters, S-MLP is used to train the perturbation factor in the SAF. To evaluate the predictive performance of the models, MLP, S-MLP, and S-MLPT are used to predict the one day ahead highest stock price of four counters listed in Bursa Malaysia. As an evaluation metric, the coefficient of determination is utilised, and the relative percentage improvement of the models is calculated to determine their superiority. The results demonstrated that S-MLP outperforms MLP by effectively minimizing the loss function and converging towards a better local or global minimum during training. In conclusion, S-MLPT exhibits even better performance than S-MLP, with relative percentage improvements of 0.14%, 15.45%, and 0.48% for counters 0166.KL, 2445.KL, and 4707.KL, respectively.
Aeroelastic Influence of Blade-Shaft Coupling in a 1 1/2-Stage Axial Compressor
Authors: Maroldt Niklas , Seume Joerg R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The design process of turbomachinery is often constraint by aeroelastic phenomena. The design choices are limited by possible structural failure, which can be caused by high vibration amplitudes. In particular, damping has an important impact on these phenomena. In the absence of friction, damping is mainly created by aerodynamics. In this paper, additional damping created by the shaft will be investigated. This becomes relevant when blade vibrations with nodal diameters (ND) 1 and -1 couple structurally with shaft vibrations. To investigate the blade-shaft coupling, a simulation process is setup based on a full structural dynamic model of the blisk-shaft assembly and a harmonic balance computational fluid dynamics model to account for the aeroelastic effects. In addition, mistuning identification is performed based on an experimental modal analysis at standstill. All results are incorporated into a structural reduced order model that calculates the vibrational behavior of the blading. These results are compared to damping determined during operation using an acoustic excitation system and measured forced frequency responses. The numerical results agree well with the experimental results, i.e., within the measurement uncertainty. Furthermore, the blade-shaft coupling results in significant changes of the eigenfrequencies and damping. As a consequence, damping increases by up to twelve times due to the coupling. This reduces amplitudes by a factor of nine for the mistuned blade responses. Consequently, higher structural safety factors can be achieved by taking the blade-shaft coupling into account so that the remaining potentials in the aerodynamic design could be better exploited.
Relationship Between Wavy Liquid Film Dynamics and Droplet Formation From Trailing Edge
Authors: Kamada Yoshiaki , Murakami Keito , Wang Zhenying , Inoue Chihiro , Senoo Shigeki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Erosion of steam turbine blades due to coarse droplet impingement is a serious problem. The physical relationship is still elusive between the dynamics of wavy liquid film on a wall and the droplet dispersion from the trailing edge. In this study, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the liquid film subjected to the turbulent airflow and following fragmentation process under well-controlled flow conditions, where the airflow velocity is up to 100 m/s, and initial liquid film velocity is 0.06 and 0.10 m/s, and trailing edge thicknesses are 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm. By applying the developed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF)-based method with no use of artificial threshold of brightness, we quantify the film thickness and interfacial friction factor. As the airflow velocity increases, the liquid film instability promotes and the interfacial friction factor increases, much exceeding the Blasius correlation. When the liquid film reaches the trailing edge, several liquid columns extend by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. We identify that the interfacial friction factor to accelerate the ligament corresponds to the Blasius correlation, distinct from the one on the wavy liquid film upstream. Incorporating the identified two interfacial friction factors, we successfully formulate the diameter of ligament as the characteristic lengthscale of the spreading droplet downstream. Derived formulation for the droplet statistics is well validated by the experimental results of mean and maximum diameters and size distribution.
Acinetobacter baumannii
transformants expressing oxacillinases and metallo-β-lactamases that confer resistance to meropenem: new tools for anti-
Acinetobacter
drug development and AMR preparedness
Authors: Dubey Vineet , Farrington Nicola , Harper Nicholas , Johnson Adam , Horner Iona , Stevenson Adam , Parkes Annie , Hoare Lewis , Das Shampa , Hope William 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in
Acinetobacter baumannii
is an unmet medical need. Multiple drug-resistant/extremely drug-resistant strains of
A. baumannii
do not display growth well in
in vivo
models, and consequently, their response to antibacterial therapy is inconsistent. We addressed this issue by engineering carbapenem resistance motifs into the highly virulent genetic background of
A. baumannii
AB5075. This strain has a chromosomally encoded
oxa-23
that was deleted (
Δoxa-23
), then plasmids expressing
oxa-23
,
oxa-24/40
,
oxa-58
,
imp-1
,
vim-2
, and
ndm-1
were introduced to create the mutant strains. Each transformant was used as a challenge strain in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model and assessed for the extent of growth and response to meropenem 200 mg/kg subcutaneously every 6 h (q6h). Pharmacodynamic analyses were performed by transforming drug exposure from dose (mg/kg) to the fraction of the dosing interval; free meropenem concentrations were >minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (
f
T > MIC). AB5075 and the AB5075
Δoxa-23
mutant had a MICs of 32 and 4 mg/L, respectively. The transformants harboring oxacillinases
oxa-24/40
and
oxa-58
had an MIC of 64 mg/L. The metallo-β-lactamases
imp-1
,
vim-2
, and
ndm-1
had MICs of 128, 64, and 64 mg/L, respectively. All vehicle-treated transformants displayed
in vivo
growth in the range of 0.75–1.4 log. The response to meropenem was consistent with the varying
f
T > MIC of the transformants and was readily described by an inhibitory sigmoid
E
max
relationship. Stasis was achieved with a
f
T > MIC of 0.36. These
A. baumannii
transformants are invaluable new tools for the assessment of anti-
Acinetobacter
compounds and provide a new pathway for AMR preparedness.