bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignancies, Particularly B-Cell Lymphomas, Are a Frequent Cause of Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients Despite Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Griffin Daniel O. , Metzger Michael , Poeth Kaitlin , Deng Kathy , Dharsee Arif , Rico Juan Carlos , McGowan Joseph 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals are affected by diseases at rates above those of their HIV-negative peers despite the increased life expectancy of the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. We followed a cohort of approximately 2000 HIV-1-infected patients for 5 years. The most frequent cause of death in this HIV-1-infected cohort was malignancy, with 39% of all classified deaths due to cancer. Among the cancer deaths, B-cell lymphomas were the most commonly seen malignancy, representing 34% of all cancer deaths. These lymphomas were very aggressive with a median survival of &lt;2 months from time of diagnosis.
Trends in Orbital Decompression Techniques of Surveyed American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Members
Authors: Reich Shani S. , Null Robert C. , Timoney Peter J. , Sokol Jason A. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:
To assess current members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) regarding preference in surgical techniques for orbital decompression in Graves’ disease.

Methods:
A 10-question web-based, anonymous survey was distributed to oculoplastic surgeons utilizing the ASOPRS listserv. The questions addressed the number of years of experience performing orbital decompression surgery, preferred surgical techniques, and whether orbital decompression was performed in collaboration with an ENT surgeon.

Results:
Ninety ASOPRS members participated in the study. Most that completed the survey have performed orbital decompression surgery for >15 years. The majority of responders preferred a combined approach of floor and medial wall decompression or balanced lateral and medial wall decompression; only a minority selected a technique limited to 1 wall. Those surgeons who perform fat decompression were more likely to operate in collaboration with ENT. Most surgeons rarely remove the orbital strut, citing risk of worsening diplopia or orbital dystopia except in cases of optic nerve compression or severe proptosis. The most common reason given for performing orbital decompression was exposure keratopathy. The majority of surgeons perform the surgery without ENT involvement, and number of years of experience did not correlate significantly with collaboration with ENT.

Conclusions:
The majority of surveyed ASOPRS surgeons prefer a combined wall approach over single wall approach to initial orbital decompression. Despite the technological advances made in the field of modern endoscopic surgery, no single approach has been adopted by the ASOPRS community as the gold standard.
Ultrasound-Assisted Lumbar Puncture in Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Özdamar Emre , Özkaya Ahmet Kağan , Güler Ekrem , Cantay Burcu , Karabel Nihal , Göksügür Yalçin , Çetinkaya Ahmet , Emre Özcan 
Published: October 2015

Background
Lumbar puncture (LP) is one of the essential diagnostic tools in pediatric emergency services. Recently, ultrasound-assisted LP was reported to be beneficial in the emergency service by facilitating the procedure and improving the successful procedure rates. In addition, this method may be effective in reducing patient and parent anxiety due to the LP procedure.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted LP on the outcomes of puncture procedures and traumatic LP.

Methods
The study included patients younger than 18 years, who were admitted to the pediatric emergency service and underwent LP because of suspected central nervous system infection. The patients requiring LP were randomly divided into 2 groups designated as odd and even. One group received LP using the conventional method, whereas the other group had LP after spinal space measurement by ultrasound. The patients who did and who did not undergo ultrasound-assisted LP were compared for demographics, number of puncture attempts, and traumatic LP. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Student t test. The χ2 test was used when nominal data were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
Ultrasound-assisted LP was performed in 56 patients, and LP by using conventional method was performed in 55 patients. There was traumatic LP in 5 (8.9%) of the patients who underwent ultrasound-assisted LP and 9 (16.3%) of the patients who underwent LP using the conventional method (P > 0.05). The number of puncture attempts was 2 or more in 2 (3.5%) of the patients who underwent ultrasound-assisted LP and 5 (9%) of the patients who had LP using the conventional method (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Ultrasound-assisted LP reduced traumatic LP and the number of puncture attempts in pediatric patients; however, the results were not statistically significant.
Understanding biases in ribosome profiling experiments reveals signatures of translation dynamics in yeast
Authors: Hussmann Jeffrey A. , Patchett Stephanie , Johnson Arlen , Sawyer Sara , Press William H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRibosome profiling produces snapshots of the locations of actively translating ribosomes on messenger RNAs. These snapshots can be used to make inferences about translation dynamics. Recent ribosome profiling studies in yeast, however, have reached contradictory conclusions regarding the average translation rate of each codon. Some experiments have used cycloheximide (CHX) to stabilize ribosomes before measuring their positions, and these studies all counterintuitively report a weak negative correlation between the translation rate of a codon and the abundance of its cognate tRNA. In contrast, some experiments performed without CHX report strong positive correlations. To explain this contradiction, we identify unexpected patterns in ribosome density downstream of each type of codon in experiments that use CHX. These patterns are evidence that elongation continues to occur in the presence of CHX but with dramatically altered codon-specific elongation rates. The measured positions of ribosomes in these experiments therefore do not reflect the amounts of time ribosomes spend at each position in vivo. These results suggest that conclusions from experiments in yeast using CHX may need reexamination. In particular, we show that in all such experiments, codons decoded by less abundant tRNAs were in fact being translated more slowly before the addition of CHX disrupted these dynamics.
Voluntary reporting of intellectual capital
Authors: Low Mary , Samkin Grant , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of voluntary intellectual capital (IC) by universities in New Zealand, Australia, and the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
– An IC framework was developed to measure IC reporting in the university sector. Content analysis was used to analyse the 2011 annual reports before a three-year comparative analysis of 90 universities (eight New Zealand universities, 38 Australian universities, and 44 UK universities) was undertaken.

Findings
– New Zealand and Australian universities outperformed the UK universities in terms of IC disclosures. Additionally, the study found moderate increases in the levels of IC disclosures over the period of the study. The quality of IC disclosures by New Zealand universities was generally higher than their Australian and UK counterparts. Internal capital and human capital were the most disclosed categories with external capital being the least frequently disclosed in all three countries. However, the quality of external capital disclosures was higher than internal and human capital. Finally, most IC disclosures were narrative in nature.

Practical implications
– The framework developed in this study could be adapted, further enhanced, and then applied to exploring IC disclosures in higher educational institutes in other jurisdictions.

Originality/value
– This is the first comparative analysis of IC disclosures made by universities in three countries.
Intangible-intensive profile of a company: the key to outperforming
Authors: Shakina Elena , Barajas Angel 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to reveal and empirically validate a new typology of company strategic profiles regarding intangible resources.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is carried out in three steps. The first stage comes to identify the coordinates of intangibles in which strategic profiles are found. The second stage enables a clusterization of more than 1,600 European companies observed during seven years in the coordinates of intangibles. The last step introduces comparative analysis of these clusters in terms of their performance.

Findings
– As a result of empirical analysis three strategic profiles regarding intangibles are discovered. Two of these profiles are called intangible-intensive as they demonstrate clear predominance of a particular set of intangibles. The innovative profile is associated with intensive investment in innovation and networking capabilities. The conservative profile puts emphasis on managerial capabilities and development of business process. The non-intangible-intensive profile, that has been called moderate, evenly allocates resources among intangibles keeping them on a low level relative to the intangible-intensive profiles.

Practical implications
– This research is useful for practitioners in strategic and knowledge management. It provides insight into common features of company strategies for intangibles as well their impact on short- and long-term performance.

Originality/value
– This work contributes to the field of strategic knowledge management by demonstrating a new relevant typology in company behavior regarding intangibles. Moreover, it equips decision makers in companies with a tool to design strategic vision in intangibles.
Hydro‐frac monitoring using ground time‐domain electromagnetics
Authors: Hoversten G. Michael , Commer Michael , Haber Eldad , Schwarzbach Christoph 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAs motivation for considering new electromagnetic techniques for hydraulic fracture monitoring, we develop a simple financial model for the net present value offered by geophysical characterization to reduce the error in stimulated reservoir volume calculations. This model shows that even a 5% improvement in stimulated reservoir volume for a 1 billion barrel (bbl.) field results in over 1 billion U.S. dollars (US$) in net present value over 24 years for US$100/bbl. oil and US$0.5 billion for US$50/bbl. oil. The application of conductivity upscaling, often used in electromagnetic modeling to reduce mesh size and thus simulation runtimes, is shown to be inaccurate for the high electrical contrasts needed to represent steel‐cased wells in the earth. Fine‐scale finite‐difference modeling with 12.22‐mm cells to capture the steel casing and fractures shows that the steel casing provides a direct current pathway to a created fracture that significantly enhances the response compared with neglecting the steel casing. We consider conductively enhanced proppant, such as coke‐breeze‐coated sand, and a highly saline brine solution to produce electrically conductive fractures. For a relatively small frac job at a depth of 3 km, involving 5,000 bbl. of slurry and a source midpoint to receiver separation of 50 m, the models show that the conductively enhanced proppant produces a 15% increase in the electric field strength (in‐line with the transmitter) in a 10‐Ωm background. In a 100‐Ωm background, the response due to the proppant increases to 213%. Replacing the conductive proppant by brine with a concentration of 100,000‐ppm NaCl, the field strength is increased by 23% in the 100‐Ωm background and by 2.3% in the 10‐Ωm background. All but the 100,000‐ppm NaCl brine in a 10‐Ωm background produce calculated fracture‐induced electric field increases that are significantly above 2%, a value that has been demonstrated to be observable in field measurements.
Optimal implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference schemes based on the sampling approximation method for seismic modelling
Authors: Yang Lei , Yan Hongyong , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe propose new implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference schemes with optimal coefficients based on the sampling approximation method to improve the numerical solution accuracy for seismic modelling. We first derive the optimized implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference coefficients of arbitrary even‐order accuracy for the first‐order spatial derivatives using the plane‐wave theory and the direct sampling approximation method. Then, the implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference coefficients based on sampling approximation, which can widen the range of wavenumber with great accuracy, are used to solve the first‐order spatial derivatives. By comparing the numerical dispersion of the implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference schemes based on sampling approximation, Taylor series expansion, and least squares, we find that the optimal implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference scheme based on sampling approximation achieves greater precision than that based on Taylor series expansion over a wider range of wavenumbers, although it has similar accuracy to that based on least squares. Finally, we apply the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on sampling approximation to numerical modelling. The modelling results demonstrate that the new optimal method can efficiently suppress numerical dispersion and lead to greater accuracy compared with the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on Taylor series expansion. In addition, the results also indicate the computational cost of the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on sampling approximation is almost the same as the implicit staggered‐grid finite difference based on Taylor series expansion.
Adolescent presentations with alcohol intoxication to the emergency department at Joondalup Health Campus in 2013
Authors: Lovegrove Michael T 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo document the number of adolescents aged 16 years and under presenting to the ED at Joondalup Health Campus (JHC) with problems related primarily to alcohol intoxication, and document information about these presentations.MethodPresentations of adolescents were sourced from the Emergency Department Information System database at JHC. The patient's notes were interrogated for data on presentation and discharge times, means of arrival to the ED, age, gender, arrival Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), location from where the adolescent was brought and blood alcohol levels (BALs), if done. These were analysed, and descriptive statistics was reported.ResultsFifty‐six adolescents (61% girls) were brought in to JHC ED with alcohol intoxication in 2013. The majority (76.8%) arrived between 21.00 hours and 05.00 hours, most often by ambulance or police (58.9%). Most adolescents had BALs performed (80.4%) and of those, nearly seven in eight (86.7%) had a BAL >0.1 g/L, with a mean of 0.161 g/L (SD 0.066). Girls had a lower mean BAL, but 26.5% presented with a GCS <14. Most 16 year olds were brought from organised parties, whereas other age groups were more likely drinking at a friend's house or with friends. Few (12.5%) were drinking at home.ConclusionAdolescents requiring review in an ED for alcohol intoxication are most often brought in by ambulance or police in the late evening or early morning. They are most likely to have high BALs and a significant proportion will have a GCS <14.
Effects of alternating hands during in‐hospital one‐handed chest compression: A randomised cross‐over manikin trial
Authors: Cheong Sin Ae , Oh Je Hyeok , Kim Chan Woong , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Dong Hoon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the decrease in chest compression depth during continuous one‐handed chest compression (OHCC) in an in‐hospital paediatric arrest setting, and whether switching hands could delay the decrease in chest compression depth.MethodsIn total, 30 healthcare providers were randomised into groups A and B. Group A performed test 1 (chest compressors alternated hands every 30 s in 2 min of OHCC), followed by test 2 (chest compressors used one hand for 2 min without switching to the other hand) and group B, vice versa. Participants performed 2 min continuous OHCC on a paediatric manikin on a bed. Mean compression depth (MCD) and mean compression rate (MCR) were analysed at 30 s intervals.ResultsThe MCDs in 30 s intervals changed significantly with time passed in tests 1 and 2 (0–30 s: 43.4 ± 7.4 vs 42.8 ± 7.6 mm, 30–60 s: 42.8 ± 8.7 vs 40.3 ± 8.8 mm, 60–90 s: 40.5 ± 8.9 vs 38.2 ± 9.6 mm, 90–120 s: 40.2 ± 10.2 vs 36.9 ± 9.7 mm; P < 0.01). However, with the exception of the first 30 s interval, MCD in test 1 showed significantly higher values than in test 2 (P < 0.05). The MCRs in 30 s intervals did not change significantly with time passed in all tests and were not different between the two tests. All hand‐off times measured during switching hands in test 1 were less than 1 s.ConclusionsChest compression depth decreased significantly when continuous OHCC was performed without switching hands. Alternating hands every 30 s can delay the decrease in MCD and maintain deeper MCD for longer.
Energy and nutrient composition of menu items at Australian coffee chains
Authors: Watson Wendy L. , Piazza Sarah , Wellard Lyndal , Hughes Clare , Chapman Kathy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimWorldwide, there are concerns about the link between fast food and overall poor dietary quality and weight gain. Beverages and snack foods purchased from coffee chains may contribute excess energy and nutrients to the diet if they are consumed in addition to usual meals. The present study investigated the energy, saturated fat and sugar content of beverages and sweet snacks from major coffee chains and compared the nutrient content to daily intake (DI) reference values for adults.MethodsNutrition information per serve was sourced from the Australian websites of five coffee chains with the largest number of outlets in New South Wales and compared to DI reference values for adults for energy, saturated fat and sugars. Energy per serve was compared to 600 kJ, the Australian Dietary Guidelines recommendation for one serve of a discretionary food.ResultsEighty‐four per cent (n = 238) of sweet snacks and 65% (n = 79) of cold beverages provided more than two equivalent serves (1200 kJ) of a discretionary food. Sixteen (13%) cold beverages and 47 (16%) sweet snacks provided over 50% DI of saturated fat. Sixty‐six (54%) cold beverages and 47 (16%) sweet snacks had more than half the DI of sugars.ConclusionsFood and beverage items from coffee chains may contribute to excess intake of energy and other nutrients of public health concern if consumed in addition to meals. To assist consumers to make informed and healthier fast food choices, accessible detailed nutrition information should be available along with reductions in portion sizes and reformulation to more nutritious menu items.
High‐throughput genotyping of Anopheles mosquitoes using intact legs by Agena Biosciences iPLEX
Authors: Fabrigar Danica Joy , Hubbart Christina , Miles Alistair , Rockett Kirk 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent developments in genotyping technologies coupled with the growing desire to characterize genome variation in Anopheles populations open the opportunity to develop more effective genotyping strategies for high‐throughput screening. A major bottleneck of this goal is nucleic acid extraction. Here, we examined the feasibility of using intact portions of a mosquito's leg as sources of template DNA for whole‐genome amplification (WGA) by primer‐extension preamplification. We used the Agena Biosciences MassARRAY® platform (formerly Sequenom) to genotype 78 SNPs for 265 WGA leg samples. We performed nucleic acid extraction on 36 mosquito carcasses and compared the genotype call concordance with their corresponding legs and observed full concordance. Using three legs instead of one improved genotyping success rates (96% vs. 89%, respectively), although this difference was not significant. We provide a proof of concept that WGA reactions can be performed directly on mosquito legs, thereby eliminating the need to extract nucleic acid. This approach is straightforward and sensitive and allows both species determination and genotyping of Anopheles mosquitoes to be performed in a high‐throughput manner. Our protocol also leaves the mosquito body intact facilitating other experimental analysis to be undertaken on the same sample. Based on our findings, this method would also be suitable for use with other insect species.
Dendritic cells revisited in human allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Froidure A. , Shen C. , Pilette C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe role of dendritic cells (DCs) in airway allergy has been studied for 15 years; recent data has highlighted the cross talk with airway epithelial cells and environmental factors (allergens, virus) during the inception and exacerbation of allergic asthma. Although murine models have provided key information, it remains uncertain to what extent these basic mechanisms take place in human allergic disease, notably with regard to different clinical phenotypes. In the present review, we discuss new evidence regarding mechanisms of DC regulation in the mouse which could be important in human asthma. Finally, after discussing the effects of current therapies on DC biology, we focus on pathways that could represent targets for future therapies.
Maternal exposure to GOS/inulin mixture prevents food allergies and promotes tolerance in offspring in mice
Authors: Bouchaud G. , Castan L. , Chesné J. , Braza F. , Aubert P. , Neunlist M. , Magnan A. , Bodinier M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundFood allergies affect 4–8% of children and are constantly on the rise, thus making allergies a timely issue. Most importantly, prevention strategies are nonexistent, and current therapeutic strategies have limited efficacy and need to be improved. One alternative to prevent or reduce allergies, particularly during infancy, could consist of modulating maternal immunity and microbiota using nondigestible food ingredients, such as prebiotics. For this purpose, we studied the preventive effects of prebiotics in Balb/c mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding on food allergy development in offspring mice.MethodsAfter weaning, the offspring from mothers that were exposed to GOS/inulin mixture or fed a control diet were intraperitoneally sensitized to wheat proteins to induce a systemic allergic response and orally exposed to the same allergen. Immunological, physiological, and microbial parameters were analyzed.ResultsGOS/inulin mixture diet modified the microbiota of mothers and their offspring. Offspring from mothers that received GOS/inulin prebiotics were protected against food allergies and displayed lower clinical scores, specifically of IgE and histamine levels, compared to offspring from mothers fed a control diet. Moreover, GOS/inulin supplementation for the mother resulted in stronger intestinal permeability in the offspring. Enhancement of the regulatory response to allergic inflammation and changes in the Th2/Th1 balance toward a dampened Th2 response were observed in mice from GOS/inulin mixture‐exposed mothers.ConclusionThe treatment of pregnant and lactating mice with nondigestible GOS/inulin prebiotics promotes a long‐term protective effect against food allergies in the offspring.