bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrowing Formation Fracture Gradient Uncertainty by Integrating Geomechanics and Microfracturing Test Results: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrayyes Zaid , Alquaimi Bander , Ansah Joseph , Alsuwadi Salem , Almutairi Bader , Perumalla Satya , Burgdorff Katharine , Imtiaz Saad , Zaitsev Andrey 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Laboratory derived geomechanical properties from core samples and well logs are always associated with some degree of uncertainty due to difficulties of mimicking actual reservoir conditions in the laboratory. Narrowing down this uncertainty is essential for proper design of drilling programs, surface water injection facilities and downhole completions, especially in the case of newly discovered and undeveloped reservoirs.
For tight oil and gas reservoirs, where multistage hydraulic fracturing is being utilized for enhanced well productivity and injectivity through multiple transverse and longitudinal fractures, the success of field development depends directly on the ability to establish accurate geomechanical properties for use in the design of these fractures. In fact, achieving the right design parameters during hydraulic fracture execution using accurate rock mechanical properties has direct and positive effect on the productivity or injectivity of the fractured well.
This paper presents a methodology of incorporating data from the microfracturing test into a comprehensive geomechanical model to determine the direction and magnitudes of in-situ reservoir stresses and other rock mechanical properties. A field case involving a recent microfracturing test conducted in a new tight oil reservoir under development in Saudi Arabia will be used to demonstrate how uncertainties in the geomechanical properties is significantly minimized to achieve better rock parameters for multistage fracture design. Finally, the results are validated with an actual hydraulic acid fracture job.
Better Accounting Transforms Health Care Delivery
Authors: Kaplan Robert S. , Witkowski Mary L. 
Published: June 2014

SYNOPSIS
The paper describes the theory and preliminary results for an action research program that explores the implications from better measurements of health care outcomes and costs. After summarizing Porter's outcome taxonomy (Porter 2010), we illustrate how to use process mapping and time-driven activity-based costing to measure the costs of treating patients over a complete cycle of care for a specific medical condition. With valid outcome and cost information, managers and clinicians can standardize clinical and administrative processes, eliminate non-value added and redundant steps, improve resource utilization, and redesign care so that appropriate medical resources perform each process step. These actions enable costs to be reduced while maintaining or improving medical outcomes. Better measurements also allow payers to offer bundled payments, based on the costs of using efficient processes and contingent on achieving superior outcomes. The end result will be a more effective and more productive health care sector. The paper concludes with suggestions for accounting research opportunities in the sector.
The Neuroscience Behind the Stock Market's Reaction to Corporate Earnings News
Authors: Barton Jan , Berns Gregory S. , Brooks Andrew M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we capture neural activity in the ventral striatum—a key area in the human brain's reward processing circuit—of 35 adult investors learning the earnings per share disclosed by 60 publicly traded companies. Before imaging, investors forecasted each company's earnings and took either a long or a short position in its stock. Consistent with prospect theory, we find strong neurobiological evidence of an asymmetric reaction to positive and negative earnings surprises. Moreover, investors' personality traits and investment positions, as well as firms' earnings predictability, modulate the brain's reaction to earnings news. We also find a strong association between the magnitude of the brain's reaction and risk-adjusted stock returns and abnormal share trading around earnings announcements for our sample firms; these findings evince the brain's reaction to earnings news as an alternative, biological measure of the information content of earnings.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors.
Individual Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Treating Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Diabetes: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tovote K. Annika , Fleer Joke , Snippe Evelien , Peeters Anita C.T.M. , Emmelkamp Paul M.G. , Sanderman Robbert , Links Thera P. , Schroevers Maya J. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
Depression is a common comorbidity of diabetes, undesirably affecting patients’ physical and mental functioning. Psychological interventions are effective treatments for depression in the general population as well as in patients with a chronic disease. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of individual mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and individual cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in comparison with a waiting-list control condition for treating depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this randomized controlled trial, 94 outpatients with diabetes and comorbid depressive symptoms (i.e., Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II] ≥14) were randomized to MBCT (n = 31), CBT (n = 32), or waiting list (n = 31). All participants completed written questionnaires and interviews at pre- and postmeasurement (3 months later). Primary outcome measure was severity of depressive symptoms (BDI-II and Toronto Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7), well-being (Well-Being Index), diabetes-related distress (Problem Areas In Diabetes), and HbA1c levels were assessed as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS
Results showed that participants receiving MBCT and CBT reported significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms compared with patients in the waiting-list control condition (respectively, P = 0.004 and P &lt; 0.001; d = 0.80 and 1.00; clinically relevant improvement 26% and 29% vs. 4%). Both interventions also had significant positive effects on anxiety, well-being, and diabetes-related distress. No significant effect was found on HbA1c values.

CONCLUSIONS
Both individual MBCT and CBT are effective in improving a range of psychological symptoms in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
HARMONY 3: 104-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Albiglutide Compared With Placebo, Sitagliptin, and Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Taking Metformin
Authors: Ahrén Bo , Johnson Susan L. , Stewart Murray , Cirkel Deborah T. , Yang Fred , Perry Caroline , Feinglos Mark N. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of weekly albiglutide with daily sitagliptin, daily glimepiride, and placebo.

Research Design And Methods
Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin were randomized to albiglutide (30 mg), sitagliptin (100 mg), glimepiride (2 mg), or placebo. Blinded dose titration for albiglutide (to 50 mg) and glimepiride (to 4 mg) was based on predefined hyperglycemia criteria. The primary end point was change in HbA1c from baseline at week 104. Secondary end points included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), weight, and time to hyperglycemic rescue.

RESULTS
Baseline characteristics were similar among the albiglutide (n = 302), glimepiride (n = 307), sitagliptin (n = 302), and placebo (n = 101) groups. Baseline HbA1c was 8.1% (65.0 mmol/mol); mean age was 54.5 years. The mean doses for albiglutide and glimepiride at week 104 were 40.5 and 3.1 mg, respectively. At week 104, albiglutide significantly reduced HbA1c compared with placebo (−0.9% [−9.8 mmol/mol]; P &lt; 0.0001), sitagliptin (−0.4% [−4.4 mmol/mol]; P = 0.0001), and glimepiride (−0.3% [−3.3 mmol/mol]; P = 0.0033). Outcomes for FPG and HbA1c were similar. Weight change from baseline for each were as follows: albiglutide −1.21 kg (95% CI −1.68 to −0.74), placebo −1.00 kg (95% CI −1.81 to −0.20), sitagliptin −0.86 kg (95% CI −1.32 to −0.39), glimepiride 1.17 kg (95% CI 0.70–1.63). The difference between albiglutide and glimepiride was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.0001). Hyperglycemic rescue rate at week 104 was 25.8% for albiglutide compared with 59.2% (P &lt; 0.0001), 36.4% (P = 0.0118), and 32.7% (P = 0.1504) for placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride, respectively. Rates of serious adverse events in the albiglutide group were similar to comparison groups. Diarrhea (albiglutide 12.9%, other groups 8.6–10.9%) and nausea (albiglutide 10.3%, other groups 6.2–10.9%) were generally the most frequently reported gastrointestinal events.

CONCLUSIONS
Added to metformin, albiglutide was well tolerated; produced superior reductions in HbA1c and FPG at week 104 compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride; and resulted in weight loss compared with glimepiride.
Academic Language Socialization in High School Writing Conferences
Authors: Gilliland Betsy 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:This study examines multilingual high school writers’ individual talk with their teachers in two advanced English language development classes to observe how such talk shapes linguistically diverse adolescents’ writing. Addressing adolescent writers’ language socialization through microethnographic discourse analysis, the author argues that teachers’ oral responses during writing conferences can either scaffold or deter students’ socialization into valued ways of using academic language for school writing. She suggests what forms of oral response provide scaffolding and what forms might limit multilingual adolescent learners’ academic literacy. Constructive interactions engaged students in dialogue about their writing, and students included content or phrasing from the interaction in their texts. Unhelpful interactions failed to foster students’ language development in observable ways. Although teachers attempted to scaffold ideas and language, they often did not guide students’ discovery of appropriate forms or points. These interactions represent restrictive academic language socialization: while some students did create academic texts, they learned little about academic language use.
The Predictive Effects of L1 and L2 Early Literacy Indicators on Reading in French Immersion
Authors: Bourgoin Renée 
Published: June 2014

Abstract: This study explored the predictive effects of within- and cross-language early literacy indicators with regard to second language (L2) reading achievement in a Grade 3 entry-point French immersion (FI) program. Kindergarten students (N = 83) in a regular English program were administered English early literacy measures. Three years later, once students entered the FI, 56 students from the original cohort were reassessed using French literacy measures. This allowed for an examination of the long-term connections between first language (L1) early literacy indicators and L2 reading outcomes. Regression analysis revealed that L1 early literacy skills relating to aspects of phonological awareness and, more importantly, alphabetic knowledge were significant predictors of L2 reading even when school-based L2 learning was delayed several years. With respect to the French literacy indicators, knowledge of the alphabet and related measures were again significant predictors of L2 reading performance. The predictive effects of French indicators were significant even in the first few months of FI. These results provide additional information about the predictive effects of within- and cross-language early literacy indicators and the extent to which they can be used to identify students who may be at risk for reading difficulties in their L2.
Diagnosis of hyperfunctional thyroidn odules
Authors: Stebner V. , Görges R. , Farahati J. , Simon D. , Bockisch A. , Rosenbaum-Krumme S. , Nagarajah J. , Ruhlmann M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAim: Several studies described the ultrasound based real-time elastography (USE) having a high sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of suspicious thyroid nodules. Recently published studies called these results into question. Until now the usefulness of USE in the diagnosis of scintigraphically hyperfunctional thyroid nodules is not examined. Patients, methods: This study included 135 hyperfunctional thyroid nodules of 102 consecutive patients. The following attributes of the nodules were analyzed: stiffness with the USE using scores of Rago or Asteria and ultrasound criteria using TIRADS. Results: 94 of the examined thyroid nodules (70%) were rated as hard (suspicious for malignancy) and 41 nodules (30%) as soft (not suspicious) with a specificity of 30%. The scoring systems of Rago and Asteria showed no sigificant difference. Applying the TIRADS criteria 44 nodules (33%) have a higher risk for malignancy (33 nodules TIRADS 4a, 11 nodules TIRADS 4b). Combining USE and TIRADS 32 nodules (24%) are categorized as suspicious (intersection of hard nodules that are categorized as TIRADS 4a or 4b). Conclusion: Ultrasound based real-time elastography cannot identify scintigraphically hyperfunctional thyroid nodules as benign nodules reliably. Its accuracy in the assessment of at least “hot” thyroid nodules is to be questioned.
Twitter, un nouveau « baromètre de l'opinion publique » ?
Authors: Boyadjian Julien 
Published: June 2014

L’article interroge l’hypothèse selon laquelle Twitter serait devenu un espace privilégié pour étudier, mesurer voire « prédire » l’opinion publique. Selon certains travaux, ce serait la forte présence de « leaders d’opinion » sur le réseau qui expliquerait son caractère « prédictif ». Afin de discuter cette hypothèse, nous avons constitué un panel de 1 228 individus dont nous avons suivi l’activité durant quatre mois. Le principal résultat est que la majorité des enquêtés, bien que fortement dotés en capitaux culturels, ne parlent que très rarement de politique : seule une minorité peut être apparentée à des « leaders d’opinion ».
Cutting Edge: Dexamethasone Potentiates the Responses of Both Regulatory T Cells and B-1 Cells to Antigen Immunization in the ApoE−/− Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Aoshuang , Geng Yajun , Ke Hanzhong , Constant Laura , Yan Zhaoqi , Pan Yue , Lee Patricia , Tan Isaiah , Williams Kurt , George Samantha , Munirathinam Gnanasekar , Reardon Catherine A. , Getz Godfrey S. , Wang Bin , Zheng Guoxing 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The immunosuppressant dexamethasone was shown to preferentially deplete CD4+ effector T cells while sparing regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo. In the current study, we show that it also preferentially depletes B-2 cells while sparing B-1 cells. In the ApoE−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis, in which both Tregs and B-1 cells are thought to play an atheroprotective role, we show that HSP60-targeted immunization in the presence of dexamethasone raises Ag-reactive Tregs and B-1 cells concomitantly and reduces the severity of atherosclerosis. These results indicate that dexamethasone is an adjuvant that potentiates both the Treg and B-1 responses to immunogens. This study shows that B-1 cells with a specificity for a disease-relevant Ag can be raised in vivo by immunization.
Inhibition of Bone Remodeling in Young Mice by Bisphosphonate Displaces the Plasma Cell Niche into the Spleen
Authors: Teufel Stefan , Grötsch Bettina , Luther Julia , Derer Anja , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Schett Georg , Mielenz Dirk , David Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The bone marrow provides niches for early B cell differentiation and long-lived plasma cells. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that perturbing bone homeostasis might impact B cell function and Ab production. This hypothesis is highly relevant for patients receiving long-term treatment with antiresorptive drugs. We therefore analyzed the humoral immune response of mice chronically treated with ibandronate, a commonly used bisphosphonate. We confirmed the increased bone mass caused by inhibition of osteoclast activity and also the strongly reduced bone formation because of decreased osteoblast numbers in response to ibandronate. Thus, bisphosphonate drastically inhibited bone remodeling. When ibandronate was injected into mice after a primary immunization to mimic common antiosteoporotic treatments, the generation of the various B cell populations, the response to booster immunization, and the generation of plasma cells were surprisingly normal. Mice also responded normally to immunization when ibandronate was applied to naive mice. However, there, ibandronate shunted the homing of bone marrow plasma cells. Interestingly, ibandronate reduced the numbers of megakaryocytes, a known component of the bone marrow plasma cell niche. In line with normal Ab responses, increased plasma cell populations associated with increased megakaryocyte numbers were then observed in the spleens of the ibandronate-treated mice. Thus, although inhibition of bone remodeling disturbed the bone marrow plasma cell niche, a compensatory niche may have been created by relocating the megakaryocytes into the spleen, thereby allowing normal B cell responses. Therefore, megakaryocytes may act as a key regulator of plasma cell niche plasticity.
Specific Microbiota-Induced Intestinal Th17 Differentiation Requires MHC Class II but Not GALT and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Authors: Geem Duke , Medina-Contreras Oscar , McBride Michelle , Newberry Rodney D. , Koni Pandelakis A. , Denning Timothy L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
IL-17–expressing CD4+ T lymphocytes (Th17 cells) naturally reside in the intestine where specific cytokines and microbiota, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), promote their differentiation. Intestinal Th17 cells are thought to initially differentiate in the GALT and/or mesenteric lymph nodes upon Ag encounter and subsequently home to the lamina propria (LP) where they mediate effector functions. However, whether GALT and/or mesenteric lymph nodes are required for intestinal Th17 differentiation as well as how microbiota containing SFB regulate Ag-specific intestinal Th17 cells remain poorly defined. In this study, we observed that naive CD4+ T cells were abundant in the intestinal LP prior to weaning and that the accumulation of Th17 cells in response to microbiota containing SFB occurred in the absence of lymphotoxin-dependent lymphoid structures and the spleen. Furthermore, the differentiation of intestinal Th17 cells in the presence of microbiota containing SFB was dependent on MHC class II expression by CD11c+ cells. Lastly, the differentiation of Ag-specific Th17 cells required both the presence of cognate Ag and microbiota containing SFB. These findings suggest that microbiota containing SFB create an intestinal milieu that may induce Ag-specific Th17 differentiation against food and/or bacterial Ags directly in the intestinal LP.
Membrane Association of the CD3ε Signaling Domain Is Required for Optimal T Cell Development and Function
Authors: Bettini Matthew L. , Guy Clifford , Dash Pradyot , Vignali Kate M. , Hamm David E. , Dobbins Jessica , Gagnon Etienne , Thomas Paul G. , Wucherpfennig Kai W. , Vignali Dario A. A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The TCR:CD3 complex transduces signals that are critical for optimal T cell development and adaptive immunity. In resting T cells, the CD3ε cytoplasmic tail associates with the plasma membrane via a proximal basic-rich stretch (BRS). In this study, we show that mice lacking a functional CD3ε-BRS exhibited substantial reductions in thymic cellularity and limited CD4–CD8– double-negative (DN) 3 to DN4 thymocyte transition, because of enhanced DN4 TCR signaling resulting in increased cell death and TCR downregulation in all subsequent populations. Furthermore, positive, but not negative, T cell selection was affected in mice lacking a functional CD3ε-BRS, which led to limited peripheral T cell function and substantially reduced responsiveness to influenza infection. Collectively, these results indicate that membrane association of the CD3ε signaling domain is required for optimal thymocyte development and peripheral T cell function.
NK Cell Responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaginal Exposure in Naive and Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Shang Liang , Smith Anthony J. , Duan Lijie , Perkey Katherine E. , Qu Lucy , Wietgrefe Stephen , Zupancic Mary , Southern Peter J. , Masek-Hammerman Katherine , Reeves R. Keith , Johnson R. Paul , Haase Ashley T. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
NK cell responses to HIV/SIV infection have been well studied in acute and chronic infected patients/monkeys, but little is known about NK cells during viral transmission, particularly in mucosal tissues. In this article, we report a systematic study of NK cell responses to high-dose vaginal exposure to SIVmac251 in the rhesus macaque female reproductive tract (FRT). Small numbers of NK cells were recruited into the FRT mucosa following vaginal inoculation. The influx of mucosal NK cells preceded local virus replication and peaked at 1 wk and, thus, was in an appropriate time frame to control an expanding population of infected cells at the portal of entry. However, NK cells were greatly outnumbered by recruited target cells that fuel local virus expansion and were spatially dissociated from SIV RNA+ cells at the major site of expansion of infected founder populations in the transition zone and adjoining endocervix. The number of NK cells in the FRT mucosa decreased rapidly in the second week, while the number of SIV RNA+ cells in the FRT reached its peak. Mucosal NK cells produced IFN-γ and MIP-1α/CCL3 but lacked several markers of activation and cytotoxicity, and this was correlated with inoculum-induced upregulation of the inhibitory ligand HLA-E and downregulation of the activating receptor CD122/IL-2Rβ. Examination of SIVΔnef-vaccinated monkeys suggested that recruitment of NK cells to the genital mucosa was not involved in vaccine-induced protection from vaginal challenge. In summary, our results suggest that NK cells play, at most, a limited role in defenses in the FRT against vaginal challenge.
Cutting Edge: Vitamin D Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Salamon Hugh , Bruiners Natalie , Lakehal Karim , Shi Lanbo , Ravi Janani , Yamaguchi Ken D. , Pine Richard , Gennaro Maria Laura 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Vitamin D has long been linked to resistance to tuberculosis, an infectious respiratory disease that is increasingly hard to treat because of multidrug resistance. Previous work established that vitamin D induces macrophage antimicrobial functions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this article, we report a novel, metabolic role for vitamin D in tuberculosis identified through integrated transcriptome and mechanistic studies. Transcriptome analysis revealed an association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and lipid metabolism in human tuberculosis and infected macrophages. Vitamin D treatment of infected macrophages abrogated infection-induced accumulation of lipid droplets, which are required for intracellular M. tuberculosis growth. Additional transcriptomics results showed that vitamin D downregulates the proadipogenic peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in infected macrophages. PPARγ agonists reversed the antiadipogenic and the antimicrobial effects of VDR, indicating a link between VDR and PPARγ signaling in regulating both vitamin D functions. These findings suggest the potential for host-based, adjunct antituberculosis therapy targeting lipid metabolism.