bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits and Harms of Citrate Locking Solutions for Hemodialysis Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Grudzinski Alexa , Agarwal Arnav , Bhatnagar Neera , Nesrallah Gihad 
Published: April 2015

Background: Citrate has theoretical advantages over heparin for locking hemodialysis central venous catheters (CVCs), but the comparative effectiveness of these agents is not clear. Objectives: 1) To compare the benefits and harms of citrate versus heparin locking solutions among patients undergoing hemodialysis through CVCs; 2) to appraise methodological quality of the supporting evidence. Data sources: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, and nephrology conference abstracts. Study eligibility, participants, and interventions: We included randomized, parallel arm clinical trials that enrolled adult patients (>18 years) receiving chronic hemodialysis through CVCs using a citrate locking solution. We excluded studies in which citrate was combined with other agents, such as antibiotics. Appraisal and synthesis methods: We used the GRADE approach to systematic reviews and quality appraisal. Two reviewers performed data extraction independently and in duplicate. We pooled count data using generic inverse variance with random-effects models, and used fixed-effect models when only two studies were available for pooling. Subgroups included low (≤5%) vs. higher (≥30%) citrate. Results: We screened 600 citations. Forty-one proceeded to full-text screen; 5 met inclusion criteria. Studies included between 19 and 291 participants (Median N = 61) followed for a total of 174.6 catheter-years; 2 were multi-centred trials. Three studies assessed all-cause mortality; the pooled relative risk for death was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.42–1.24; p = 0.21; I2 = 0%). The rate ratio for bacteremic episodes was 0.54 (95% CI = 0.23–1.29; p = 0.16; I2 = 65%) while the rate ratio for bleeding was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.3–0.75; p = 0.001;I I2 = 5%). Rates of catheter exchange/replacement, all-cause hospitalization and in-situ thrombolysis were not significantly different between groups in any of the pooled analyses. Risk of bias within pooled studies was low. Limitations: Outcome definitions varied across studies. Imprecision due to small sample sizes and low event rates reduce our overall confidence in the pooled effect estimates. Implications: Benefits and harms of citrate vs. heparin locking solutions remain unclear; larger studies and standardization of outcome measurement and reporting are warranted. Trial registration: Protocol Registration Number: CRD42013004781
Magnetic navigation behavior and the oceanic ecology of young loggerhead sea turtles
Authors: Putman Nathan F. , Verley Philippe , Endres Courtney S. , Lohmann Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
During long-distance migrations, animals navigate using a variety of sensory cues, mechanisms and strategies. Although guidance mechanisms are usually studied under controlled laboratory conditions, such methods seldom allow for navigation behavior to be examined in an environmental context. Similarly, although realistic environmental models are often used to investigate the ecological implications of animal movement, explicit consideration of navigation mechanisms in such models is rare. Here, we used an interdisciplinary approach in which we first conducted lab-based experiments to determine how hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) respond to magnetic fields that exist at five widely separated locations along their migratory route, and then studied the consequences of the observed behavior by simulating it within an ocean circulation model. Magnetic fields associated with two geographic regions that pose risks to young turtles (due to cold wintertime temperatures or potential displacement from the migratory route) elicited oriented swimming, whereas fields from three locations where surface currents and temperature pose no such risk did not. Additionally, at locations with fields that elicited oriented swimming, simulations indicate that the observed behavior greatly increases the likelihood of turtles advancing along the migratory pathway. Our findings suggest that the magnetic navigation behavior of sea turtles is intimately tied to their oceanic ecology and is shaped by a complex interplay between ocean circulation and geomagnetic dynamics.
Organisation and resource management in the intensive care unit: A critical review
Authors: Skinner Elizabeth , Warrillow Stephen , Denehy Linda 
Published: April 2015

Background/Aim: Patients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for critical care not available to patients in the general wards, with the potential for reversible organ failure as a key admission criterion. The objective of this integrative review was to examine and discuss the literature pertaining to the environment of the ICU, including unit organisation, staffing and equipment, that underpins the provision of ICU services. This review also aimed to discuss current perspectives on ICU resources and utilisation. Methods: To prepare this integrated literature review, computer-assisted searches were conducted using the PubMed/Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE databases. An extensive search of library databases was undertaken using relevant keywords and related article searches. Studies were included if they were rated by a single investigator to have relevant content in these areas. Due to the breadth of the review, a structured approach was taken to integrate the relevant findings. Results: There was limited literature examining the relationships between these important areas. There was some evidence that a closed model of ICU care is associated with improved outcomes and less resource utilisation compared with an open model of ICU, although there was conflicting evidence for critical care delivered outside of the ICU. Critical care may be most effectively provided via a team model. The heterogeneity of the ICU setting, in particular the unique aspects of the delivery of ICU care in the Australasian model, hampered the ability to draw broad and clinically meaningful conclusions. Conclusions: Due to the increased demand for ICU services, ongoing evaluation of the long-term outcomes of ICU on the efficient use of resources to optimise patient outcomes is imperative. Results from the current evidence base suggest that rather than broad-based adjunctive services, refinement and subsequent evaluation of intensive care services in targeted and specific populations may be required, and that empirical evidence for the support of many organisational, structural, equipment and staffing aspects of ICU service delivery is lacking. Further research is needed to investigate the relationships between existing and conceptual models of care and direct patient outcomes.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS AÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE EM SAÚDE NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Vieira de Araújo Sandri Juliana , Becker Gisele , Gava Karoline , Rebello Rafaella 
Published: April 2015

Resumo:Este artigo objetiva caracterizar as ações da Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) no Estado de Santa Catarina no contexto da força do trabalho vivo do Sistema Único de Saúde. Estudo com análise quantitativa com os participantes e articuladores das Comissões de Integração Ensino e Serviço Regionais (CIES). No Estado há 16 CIES e elas estão distribuídas por regiões descentralizadas, sendo que cada uma delas está subordinada a uma Comissão de Intergestores Regionais (CIR), conforme determina a Portaria GM/MS1996 de 2003. Participaram da pesquisa as CIES que tiveram ações de EP no período de 2011 a 2013, perfazendo um total de 14 CIES. Todas foram identificadas pela região correspondente (R). Como técnica para a coleta de dados utilizou-se o questionário para a obtenção do perfil das ações de educação permanente e a entrevista para apresentar a articulação do quadrilátero (gestão, ensino, serviço e controle social) na condução da Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde em Santa Catarina. Os resultados indicam que as regiões R7, R9 e R2 apresentaram o maior número de ações realizadas no período (47,6%); em relação à carga horária das ações R7, R9 e R5 se sobressaem (88,7%); R2, R3 e R7 foram as regiões de maior expressão quanto ao quantitativo de participantes (61%); R7, assim, destaca-se como uma região expressiva no número de ações, carga horária e quantitativo de participantes; as ações de EPS foram direcionadas para o serviço (47,6%), gestão (32,1%), ensino (16,7%) e controle social (03,6%); a categoria profissional que mais esteve presente foi enfermeiro (13%), seguida pelo odontólogo (10,8%). Muito se tem que avançar, contudo se pode deduzir que o Estado de Santa Catarina está cumprindo o seu papel quando realiza a articulação dessa política por meio da CIES Estadual e quando estimula a autonomia das CIES Regionais na condução da sua operacionalidade. Somos um eterno aprendiz deste SUS que não para de crescer e de se consolidar como a maior proteção social que um cidadão pode almejar.
Analysis of a Stabilized CNLF Method with Fast Slow Wave Splittings for Flow Problems
Authors: Jiang Nan , Tran Hoang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this work, we study Crank–Nicolson leap-frog (CNLF) methods with fast-slow wave splittings for Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) with a rotation/Coriolis force term, which is a simplification of geophysical flows. We propose a new stabilized CNLF method where the added stabilization completely removes the method's CFL time step condition.
A comprehensive stability and error analysis is given. We also prove that for
Oseen equations with the rotation term, the unstable mode (for which

u

n
+
1

+

u

n
-
1

≡
0

$u^{n+1}+u^{n-1}\equiv 0 $

) of CNLF is asymptotically stable. Numerical results are provided to verify the stability and the convergence of the methods.
Opportunities for Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass through the isolation of its components and biodiesel production
Authors: Mendoza Alvaro , Vicente Gemma , Bautista L. F. , Morales Victoria 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBiomass from oleaginous microorganisms is an attractive source of materials used for the production of renewable fuels and industrial products due to its high productivity and the fact that it does not compete with human food. To ensure the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of microbial biomass as feedstock, it is necessary to integrate its production and processing into the biorefinery concept. To achieve this goal, biodiesel production and fractionation of the whole biomass into different types of compounds (lipids, proteins, etc.) and further processing of each fraction must be performed. In the present work, the use of a microbial biomass source, the microalga
Functional diversity of the superfamily of K+ transporters to meet various requirements
Authors: Diskowski Marina , Mikusevic Vedrana , Stock Charlott , Hänelt Inga 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The superfamily of K+ transporters unites proteins from plants, fungi, bacteria, and archaea that translocate K+ and/or Na+ across membranes. These proteins are key components in osmotic regulation, pH homeostasis, and resistance to high salinity and dryness. The members of the superfamily are closely related to K+ channels such as KcsA but also show several striking differences that are attributed to their altered functions. This review highlights these functional differences, focusing on the bacterial superfamily members KtrB, TrkH, and KdpA. The functional variations within the family and comparison to MPM-type K+ channels are discussed in light of the recently solved structures of the Ktr and Trk systems.
Cooling rate effects on the crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/date palm fiber composite materials
Authors: Boukettaya Sonia , Seddique Waseem Al , Alawar Ahmad , Daly Hachmi Ben , Hammami Adel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNon-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/date palm fiber (PP/DPF) composite materials were investigated in this study, using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Different fiber contents and cooling rates, varying from 2.5°C/min to 20°C/min, were considered. The obtained results indicated that the initial crystallization temperature increases with the increase of the DPF content. This was attributed to the nucleating ability of these fibers. Several theoretical models were used to predict the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the materials considered in this study. Basically, it was shown that both the Avrami analysis, modified by Jeziorny, and the method developed by Mo could adequately describe such kinetics. The activation energies required during the overall crystallization process and at different amounts of the relative degree of crystallinity were also evaluated using the Kissinger method and the isoconversional analysis of calorimetric data, respectively. It was shown that the presence of the DPFs in the PP matrix decreases these energies, confirming their nucleating ability during the non-isothermal crystallization process.
High-pressure syntheses and crystal structures of orthorhombic DyGaO3 and trigonal GaBO3
Authors: Vitzthum Daniela , Hering Stefanie A. , Perfler Lukas , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Orthorhombic dysprosium orthogallate DyGaO3 and trigonal gallium orthoborate GaBO3 were synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 8.5 GPa/1350 °C and 8 GPa/700 °C, respectively. Both crystal structures could be determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature. The orthorhombic dysprosium orthogallate crystallizes in the space group Pnma (Z = 4) with the parameters a = 552.6(2), b = 754.5(2), c = 527.7(2) pm, V = 0.22002(8) nm3, R1 = 0.0309, and wR2 = 0.0662 (all data) and the trigonal compound GaBO3 in the space group R3̅c (Z = 6) with the parameters a = 457.10(6), c = 1419.2(3) pm, V = 0.25681(7) nm3, R1 = 0.0147, and wR2 = 0.0356 (all data).
The economics of peace and war in the Chinese military classics
Authors: McCaffrey Matthew 
Published: April 2015

While some classics of Chinese military and strategic thought, like Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, are well-studied by researchers and business professionals, lesser-known works in China’s military canon have been neglected. This article surveys seven major ancient Chinese texts and discusses the contribution of each to the political economy of peace and war. As a rule, the writings stress the importance of nonviolent conflict resolution and advocate the avoidance of war whenever possible. In addition, they also consider the role of the state in war-making, especially its methods of war finance and attempts to encourage or discourage economic activity. They generally warn the state to limit its expenditure and impositions on the population so as to encourage the production of resources for use in military campaigns, should they become necessary. [JEL codes: B11, H2, H56]
The Effect of Farmer-Pastoralist Violence on Income: New Survey Evidence from Nigeria’s Middle Belt States
Authors: McDougal Topher L. , Hagerty Talia , Inks Lisa , Ugo-Ike Claire-Lorentz , Dowd Caitriona , Conroy Stone , Ogabiela Daniel 
Published: April 2015

This study estimates the relationship between violent conflict and household income in four states of Nigeria’s Middle Belt region (Benue, Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Plateau) where farmers and pastoralists routinely clash over access to farmland, grazing areas, stock routes, and water points for animals and households. Although relatively low in intensity, this form of violence is widespread, persistent, and arguably increasing in its incidence. We obtained data on income and household-level violence exposure from an original household survey administered in September 2014. Employing a negative binomial instrumental variables model, we find an inverse relation between violence and household incomes. Incomes could be increased by between 64 to 210 percent of current levels if violence related to farmer-pastoralist conflict in the four study states were reduced to near-zero. Cumulatively, we find that forgone income represents 10.2 percent of the combined official state domestic product in the study area. This is high when compared to the costs of conflict measured in other studies, even as our study takes account only of microeconomic costs. After incorporating an estimate of the size of the informal economy, the microeconomic cost of farmer-pastoralist conflict to the total economy is approximately 2.9 percent. [JEL codes: C36, D74, J17]
Bhopal: A Root Cause Analysis of the Deadliest Industrial Accident in History
Authors: Duhon Howard 
Published: April 2015

In the 11th century, Raja Bhoj of Dhar founded a city on the shores of a beautiful lake in central India. Today, that city, Bhopal, is a bustling metropolis of 2 million people. The city and surrounding area is home to a large wildlife refuge, a museum of Indian tribal life, a collection of historical palaces and temples, and Stone Age cave paintings.
Almost anywhere else in the world, this city would be a major tourist attraction, but Bhopal is well-known for something else: It is the site of the deadliest industrial accident in history.
Total Hip Prostheses in Standing, Sitting and Squatting Positions: An Overview of Our 8 Years Practice Using the EOS Imaging Technology
Authors: Lazennec Jean-Yves , Rousseau Marc-Antoine , Brusson Adrien , Folinais Dominique , Amel Maria , Clarke Ian , Pour Aidin Eslam 
Published: April 2015

More total hip arthroplasty (THA) is performed worldwide and especially in younger and more active patients compared to earlier decades. One of the focuses of THA research in the future will be on optimizing the radiological follow-up of these patients using 2D and 3D measurements of implants position while reducing the radiation dose delivered.Low-dose EOS®imaging is an innovative slot-scanning radiograph system providing valuable information in patient functional positions (standing, sitting and even squatting positions). EOS has been proven accurate and reliable without significant inconvenience caused by the metallic artifacts of implants. The ability to obtain precise data on implant orientation according to the patient posture opens new perspectives for a comprehensive analysis of the pelvic frontal and sagittal balance and its potential impact on implants function and failures.We report our 8 years experience on our first 300 THA patients using this technology routinely for pre and post op evaluation. Our results will be compared and confronted with the actual literature about this innovative technology. We shall especially emphasize our experience about patients with abnormal posture and the evolution of the subject over time, because the phenomenon of an aging spine is frequently associated with the process of aging hips.
Test-Retest Reliability and Convergent Validity of a Computer Based Hand Function Test Protocol in People with Arthritis
Authors: Srikesavan Cynthia S. , Shay Barbara , Szturm Tony 
Published: April 2015

Objectives: A computer based hand function assessment tool has been developed to provide a standardized method for quantifying task performance during manipulations of common objects/tools/utensils with diverse physical properties and grip/grasp requirements for handling. The study objectives were to determine test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the test protocol in people with arthritis.Methods: Three different object manipulation tasks were evaluated twice in forty people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or hand osteoarthritis (HOA). Each object was instrumented with a motion sensor and moved in concert with a computer generated visual target. Self-reported joint pain and stiffness levels were recorded before and after each task. Task performance was determined by comparing the object movement with the computer target motion. This was correlated with grip strength, nine hole peg test, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores.Results: The test protocol indicated moderate to high test-retest reliability of performance measures for three manipulation tasks, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging between 0.5 to 0.84,p<0.05. Strength of association between task performance measures with self- reported activity/participation composite scores was low to moderate (Spearman rho <0.7). Low correlations (Spearman rho < 0.4) were observed between task performance measures and grip strength; and between three objects’ performance measures. Significant reduction in pain and joint stiffness (p<0.05) was observed after performing each task.Conclusion: The study presents initial evidence on the test retest reliability and convergent validity of a computer based hand function assessment protocol in people with rheumatoid arthritis or hand osteoarthritis. The novel tool objectively measures overall task performance during a variety of object manipulation tasks done by tracking a computer based visual target. This allows an innovative method of assessing performance than considering the time taken to complete a task or relying on subjective measures of self-reports on a limited range of objects and tasks covered. In addition, joint pain and stiffness levels before and after a manipulation task are tracked, which is lacking in other hand outcome measures. Performance measures during a broad range of object manipulation tasks relate to many activities relevant to life role participation. Therefore, task performance evaluation of common objects, utensils, or tools would be more valuable to gauge the difficulties encountered in daily life by people with arthritis. Future studies should consider a few revisions of the present protocol and evaluate a number of different objects targeting strength, fine, and gross dexterity based tasks for a broader application of the tool in arthritis populations.
Urine protein-to-creatinine concentration ratio in samples collected by means of cystocentesis versus manual compression in cats
Authors: Vilhena Hugo C. R. , Santos Raquel R. , Sargo Teresa J. , Lima Tatiana B. , Dias Sofia S. , Pastorinho M. Ramiro , Queiroga Felisbina L. , Silvestre-Ferreira Ana C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Objective—To compare urine protein-to-creatinine concentration (UPC) ratios in samples collected by means of cystocentesis versus manual compression in cats.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—43 client-owned cats requiring urinalysis.
Procedures—In all cats, 5 mL of urine from the midstream phase of micturition was collected by means of manual compression and, subsequently, an additional 5 mL of urine was obtained by means of ultrasound-guided cystocentesis. A complete urinalysis was performed on all samples, and UPC ratios were determined.
Results—Cats were classified on the basis of the International Renal Interest Society substaging system as being free from proteinuria (UPC ratio, < 0.2; n = 19) or as having borderline proteinuria (UPC ratio, 0.2 to 0.4; 7) or proteinuria (UPC ratio, > 0.4; 17). None of the cats had postrenal proteinuria. A significant linear correlation was identified between UPC ratios in urine samples obtained by means of manual compression and ratios in samples obtained by means of cystocentesis. For all cats, UPC ratios for samples obtained by the 2 collection methods resulted in classification in the same IRIS substage.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that collection of a urine sample from the midstream phase of micturition by manual compression would be a reliable alternative to cystocentesis for the determination of UPC ratio in cats, provided that postrenal proteinuria was excluded by means of urine sediment analysis. Once postrenal proteinuria was ruled out, the method used to collect urine samples did not appear to influence the quantification of urine protein concentration.