bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Agastache rugosa in China
Authors: Du J. , Zhang C. M. , Niu Y. B. 
Published: August 2014

Agastache rugosa (family Lamiaceae) is one of the most common herbs of traditional Chinese medicine in China, and the species increasingly gains popularity on the international market. In June 2012, typical mosaic symptoms were observed on many A. rugosa plants in a field in Shanxi Province. The incidence of this disease reached more than 60% in a 2.6-ha field. Seven symptomatic plants were tested by DAS-ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV); all antisera used in DAS-ELISA were generated and validated in our laboratory. CMV was found in all seven samples tested, but not TMV and ToMV. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) extracted from infected leaves were used as templates in the subsequent two-step RT-PCR reaction (1). In order to further confirm the presence of CMV, a pair of specific primers (forward: 5′-ACGTCGACCATGGACAAATC-3′, and reverse: 5′-TACCCGGGTCAGACTGGTAGCACC-3′) based on the coat protein gene sequence of CMV were used to amplify PCR products of the expected size (657 bp) from ELISA-positive samples (2). These PCR products were cloned into pUCm-T Vector (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai) and sequenced. Five independent clones have been sequenced to obtain the consensus sequence. This consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. JQ403529) was compared with other CMV sequences available in GenBank using DNAMAN. The partial CMV coat protein sequence showed the highest 97.9% nucleotide identity with a subgroup IB CMV isolate from China (DQ459481). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of CMV on A. rugosa. References: (1) M. Krajacić et al. J. Chromatogr. A. 1144:111, 2007. (2) F. Li et al. J. Zhejiang Univ. 26:261, 2000.
Occurrence and Characterization of Bean common mosaic virus Strain NL1 in Iowa
Authors: Martin K. , Hill J. H. , Cannon S. 
Published: August 2014

A legume survey in Story County was conducted to characterize legume viruses present in Iowa and potentially problematic to soybeans. Symptomatic (chlorosis, leaf curl, or vein banding) and non-symptomic leaves were selected from Apios americana, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Desmodium spp., Glycine max, Lablab purpureus, Lotus japonicus, Phaseolus coccineus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba, Vigna ungulculata, and Chenopodium quinoa (an indicator species), and sent to Agdia Inc. for their Crop Screen: “Bean (Soybean)” tests. Cowpea mosaic virus (in L. purpureus), Southern bean mosaic virus (in A. americana), Soybean dwarf virus (in L. purpureus), and Tobacco streak virus (in Desmodium spp.) were identified. In addition, P. vulgaris was found positive in the serological Potyvirus group test, and was further characterized using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using total RNA (Qiagen RNeasy extraction kit) from symptomatic leaves. A ~1-kb fragment of virus genome was amplified using degenerate primers, forward: 5′ TGYGTNGAYGAYYTYAAYAA 3′ (3) and reverse: 5′ TCRTARAARTCRAAIGCRTAICKIG 3′ (2). The closest GenBank BLAST hits for the sequence were BCMV strain NL1 (GenBank Accession No. AY112735) and BCMV MS1 (EU761198), both at 97% identity. RNA sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 (100 base paired ends) allowed construction of a nearly complete viral sequence from positions 38 to 10,037 nt (KM023744). This showed 99% similarity to BCMV-NL1 (AY112735) and 98% similarity to BCMV MS1 (EU761198). The BCMV isolate was recovered on the P. vulgaris cv. Taos Red and tested against a panel of Phaseolus, Glycine, and other hosts. Symptomatic hosts (vein-banding, mosaic, stunting, and leaf curl) were P. vulgaris cvs. Starlight, Tohono O'odham vaya Amarillo, Black Valentine Stringless, Sutter Pink, Hidatsa red, Stringless Green Refugee, Burpees Stringless Improved Bush, Princess d'Artois, Princess Double de Holland, and Dubelle Witte. Asymptomatic hosts included P. vulgaris cvs. Sierra, Great Northern Tara, Tara, and Vigna radiata. Non-host plants were P. vulgaris cvs. Michelite 62, Great Northern UI 31, Great Northern UI 123, Pure Gold Wax, Top Crop, Redlands Greanleaf B, Red Mexican UI 34, Imuna, Monroe, Pinto UI 114, Widusa, Othello, Sacramento, Red Kidney, Provider, Black Turtle Soup, Victor, and Witte boon, G. max cv. Williams, Cucumis sativus cv. Straight 8, Solanum lycopericum cv. Reine des Hatives, Vicia faba, Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon, V. unguiculata, and A. americana. The host range of the BCMV isolate on common bean differential species concurred with pathogenicity group I (1) and agreed with assignment as strain NL1. To our knowledge, this is the first complete characterization of a pathotype I strain NL1 of BCMV in the United States, combining biological typing and whole genome sequencing. References: (1) R. E. Klein et al. Plant Dis. 76:1263, 1992. (2) H. Yamamoto et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 74:97, 2008. (3) L. Zheng et al. PLoS One 3:e1586, 2008.
First Report of Myrothecium roridum Causing Leaf Spot of Anubias barteri var. nana in Mainland China
Authors: Wang J. H. , Wang L. , Cheng H. R. , Cheng W. Z. , Rao G. P. , Cao G. , Zhang M. Q. 
Published: August 2014

Anubias barteri var. nana (belonging to family Araceae) is one of the most popular ornamental plants for aquaria. It has slow growth and small attractive ornamental leaves. It originated from West Africa, was first described in 1860 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1), and is now commercially planted widely in southern China. A new disease of A. barteri var. nana was observed on leaves. Approximately 30% of the plants in an ornamental nursery in Baiyun district, Gaungzhou, China (113°22′45.15″ E, 23°23′41.15″ N) in July 2013 were found to be infected. The pathogen caused necrotic spots that progressed to form holes on leaves of the infected plants, negatively affecting their ornamental market value. Eventually the diseased plant died. White fungal fruiting bodies and black sporodochia were observed on the surfaces of the symptomatic leaves. A single-spore isolate (myr5) was obtained from the concentric lesions and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The floccose fungal colonies were white to buff, and black conidiomata were often visible on the surface after 25 days of incubation. The conidia had rounded ends and the average size of conidia was 5.98 ± 0.15 × 2.24 ± 0.08 μm. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of isolate myr5 was amplified by PCR using ITS1 and ITS4 primer pairs. The amplified product was sequenced and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KJ572115) and showed 99% identity to Myrothecium roridum isolates BBA 71015 (AJ302001) and BBA 67679 (AJ301995) (unpublished), and 100% identity to the isolate myr2-2 from Dieffenbachia picta ‘Camilla’ in Taiwan (2). On the basis of morphological and molecular characterization, the fungus causing leaf spot on A. barteri var. nana plants was identified as M. roridum Tode ex Fr (2,3). To confirm the etiology of the disease, Koch's postulates was performed in a greenhouse (28 ± 2°C) using 3-day-old cultures of isolate myr5 and fungal spore suspensions of 1 × 105 conidia ml−1 containing 0.05% of Tween 20. Sixteen healthy leaves, two each from eight plants, were infiltrated on two different parts close to the midribs with 100 μl of the fungal spore using needleless syringes. Water infiltration was used as the control treatment. Water-soaked brown lesions appeared on leaves 7 days after inoculation, followed by the development of dark concentric rings within the necrotic areas on the surface of the inoculated leaves after 15 days of incubation. These symptoms were similar to those in the naturally infected aquarium plants. No symptoms were observed on any of the water micro-infiltrated plants. The fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated plants, but not from control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Myrothecium leaf spot caused by M. roridum on A. barteri var. nana in mainland China. References: (1) W. Crusio. Primitiae Africanae XII 79 (14):1-48, 1979. (2) C. F. Hong et al. Plant Dis. 97:1253, 2013. (3) M. Tulloch. Mycol. Pap. 130:1-42, 1972.
First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing a Leaf Spot on Philodendron ‘con-go’ in China
Authors: Zhou Z. , Li Y. L. , Yuan C. Y. , Duan P. L. 
Published: August 2014

Philodendron ‘con-go’ is widely cultivated indoors in China as an evergreen potted plant. In October 2013, a leaf spot on Philodendron ‘con-go’ was observed in the residential district of Luoyang (112.46° E, 34.62° N), Henan Province, China. The disease was characterized by oval-shaped, 10 to 20 × 25 to 55 mm, yellow to brown lesions with darker brown borders. Fifty potted plants were surveyed, and less than 2% of the leaves were infected. Lesions appeared mostly in old leaves. The symptomatic leaves affected on the plants' ornamental value, but had little impact on their health. Some lesions merged to form a large irregular lesion that could cover a whole leaf. Two infected leaves from one plant were selected randomly for the isolation of the pathogen. Lesions were cut into 1 cm2 pieces, soaked in 70% ethanol for 30 s, sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min, then washed three times in sterilized distilled water. The pieces were incubated at 25°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 4 to 5 days. A fungus was consistently isolated. Colonies of the fungus were deep green with white mycelium borders. Conidiophores were light brown with 2 to 4 septa. Conidia were obclavate, 14.6 to 49.1 × 8.3 to 16.4 μm, with a short beak, and with 1 to 5 transverse septa and 0 to 3 longitudinal septa, light brown to olive-brown. Based on morphology, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata. Three isolates were selected randomly for further identification. To confirm pathogenicity, eight leaves of potted Philodendron ‘con-go’ plants were wounded with a sterile pin after wiping each leaf surface with 70% ethanol and washing each leaf with sterilized distilled water three times. The isolates were grown on PDA for 7 days and suspended in sterile distilled water to produce a final concentration of 2 × 105 spores/ml. A 5-μl drop of spore suspension was placed on each pin-wounded leaf. Each of three fungal isolates was inoculated on two leaves, and the control treatment (water inoculated) was done similarly on two leaves. The plants were placed in a growth chamber at 28°C with 80% relative humidity, 50 to 60 klx/m2 light intensity, and a 10-h photoperiod. After 7 days, lesions appeared on inoculated leaves, but the control leaves remained symptomless. Pathogenicity tests were repeated three times. Similar disease symptoms and re-isolation of A. alternata fulfilled Koch's postulates. To confirm the fungal identification, the rDNA of the internal transcribed spacer region in three isolates were amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (1) and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the ITS region was submitted to GenBank under accession KJ829535 and showed 100% sequence identity with the strain A. alternata LPSC 1187 (KF753947.1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf spot of Philodendron ‘con-go’ by A. alternate in China. Reference: (1) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
Successful Use of Long‐Acting Octreotide for Intractable Chronic Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children
Authors: O'Meara Marie , Cicalese Maria P. , Bordugo Andrea , Ambrosi Alessandro , Hadzic Nedim , Mieli‐Vergani Giorgina 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBackground and Aims:Octreotide reduces splanchnic blood flow and is effective in controlling gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) caused by portal hypertension. Monthly long‐acting octreotide (OCT‐LAR) with an efficacy and safety profile similar to subcutaneous daily administration presents an attractive option for long‐term therapy. We report our experience with OCT‐LAR for severe/recurrent GIB in children with portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis who were unresponsive to standard interventions.Methods:A total of 9 patients, 7 boys, who received OCT‐LAR between 2000 and 2009 were studied retrospectively (median age at first bleeding 21 months, range 1 month–14.5 years). The dose (2.5–20 mg intramuscularly monthly) was extrapolated from that used in adult acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours (10–60 mg/mo). Response to treatment was assessed by comparing the number of bleeding events, hospital admissions for acute bleeding, and number of blood units required during the year before and year after starting OCT‐LAR.Results:OCT‐LAR led to a reduction in the number of bleeding episodes in all of the children and to cessation of bleeding in 7. Two children listed for transplantation because of severe GIB were removed from the list. No serious adverse effects immediately attributable to OCT‐LAR were observed. One child developed growth hormone deficiency and hypothyroidism during a prolonged period of treatment with subcutaneous octreotide before commencing OCT‐LAR.Conclusions:OCT‐LAR can control severe intractable recurrent GIB in children with portal hypertension. Prospective randomised controlled trials and pharmacokinetic studies are indicated to establish the optimum dose and length of treatment of OCT‐LAR and confirm its efficacy and long‐term safety in children.
Lack of Clinical Predictors for Low Mineral Density in Children With Celiac Disease
Authors: Trovato Chiara M. , Albanese Carlina V. , Leoni Stefania , Celletti Ilaria , Valitutti Francesco , Cavallini Costanza , Montuori Monica , Barbato Maria , Catalano Carlo , Cucchiara Salvatore 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Metabolic bone disease remains a significant and common complication of celiac disease (CD). Several studies have demonstrated low bone mineral density (BMD) at the time of CD diagnosis in both children and adults. Low BMD in children and adolescents is defined as an areal BMD <2 SD below the age‐adjusted mean value (z score <−2 SD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the BMD in a pediatric population with CD at diagnosis and to correlate z score value, anti–tissue transglutaminase type 2 antibody (anti‐tTG2) titer, symptoms, and Marsh‐Oberhuber (MO) grading.Methods:We enrolled 99 patients with celiac disease (male 35, female 64) ages 4 to 15 years at the diagnosis. All of the patients had positive test results for anti‐tTG2 antibodies and histological lesions graded according to MO classification, and underwent lumbar dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. BMD was estimated by z score.Results:Low BMD (z score ≤−2 SD) was found in 13 (13.13%) patients; 22 (22.22%) patients with CD showed −2 < z score ≤ −1; −1 < z score < 0 was found in 41 (41.41%) patients. z score ≥ 0 was detected only in 23 (23.23%) patients with CD. Mean BMD value in patients with CD is z score −0.68. No correlations were found between z score value and anti‐tTG2 titer (Spearman ρ 0.13), between z score value and MO degree (Spearman ρ −0.17), and between z score and symptoms (Spearman ρ −0.10).Conclusions:BMD of patients with CD at diagnosis does not seem to correlate with MO degree, anti‐tTG2 titer, and symptoms. At the moment, we do not have clinical predictors for low mineral density in children with CD.
Polyethylene Glycol 4000 for Treatment of Functional Constipation in Children
Authors: Dziechciarz Piotr , Horvath Andrea , Szajewska Hania 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 2 different polyethylene glycol (PEG) doses for the maintenance treatment of functional constipation in children.Methods:Children with functional constipation according to the Rome III criteria were randomly assigned to receive PEG 4000 at a dose of either 0.7 g/kg (high‐dose group; n = 45) or 0.3 g/kg (low‐dose group; n = 47) for 6 weeks. Adjustment of the therapy was recommended in the event of <3 bowel movements (BM) per week or ≥3 BM per day. The primary outcome measure was treatment success, defined as ≥3 BM per week with no fecal soiling during the last week of the intervention.Results:A total of 90 of 92 randomized children, with a mean age of 3.7 ± 2.1 years, completed the study. In the analysis based on allocated treatment, treatment success was similar in both groups (relative risk 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.78–1.03). Compared with the high‐dose PEG group, the low‐dose PEG group had an increased need for therapy adjustment of borderline significance (relative risk 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.0–4.2), an increased risk of painful defecation, a lower number of stools per week, and lower parental satisfaction. Adverse events were similar in both groups.Conclusions:To achieve treatment success, both tested doses of PEG were equally safe and effective in the treatment of children with functional constipation.
Fecal Microbial Transplant Via Nasogastric Tube for Active Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Suskind David L. , Singh Namita , Nielson Heather , Wahbeh Ghassan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBackground:Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine, is characterized by a dysregulated immune reaction. UC is associated with fecal dysbiosis. Human and animal studies support the fact that the gastrointestinal microbiome may trigger the intestinal immune response, resulting in UC. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), by changing the gastrointestinal microbiome of patients with UC, may be a therapeutic option.Methods:Four patients with moderate symptoms defined by the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index were enrolled in a prospective, open‐label study of FMT via nasogastric tube in pediatric UC (US Food and Drug Administration IND 14942). After the donor and patient evaluation, patients received FMT with follow‐up evaluations at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after transplantation. Study subjects were maintained on their pretransplant medications. The Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index score, C‐reactive protein, and stool calprotectin were completed during each study visit.Results:Four patients with UC were enrolled (all boys). Ages ranged from 13 to 16 years. Patients tolerated FMT without adverse effects. None of the patients clinically improved with FMT, nor were there any significant changes in stool calprotectin or laboratory values, including C‐reactive protein, albumin, and hematocrit. Three individuals received additional standard medical therapies before the end of the study.Conclusions:This study, although showing that single‐dose FMT via nasogastric tube is well tolerated in active pediatric UC, did not show any clinical or laboratory benefit.
Rectal Prolapse and Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: El‐Chammas Khalil I. , Rumman Nisreen , Goh Vi Lier , Quintero Diana , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTScreening for cystic fibrosis (CF) is suggested in patients with rectal prolapse (RP). Little is known about the association between CF and RP in the era of newborn screening for CF. Our retrospective review showed that 3.6% of patients with RP had CF, and 3.5% of patients with CF had RP. No demographic or clinical factors appear to predict the likelihood of RP in patients with CF. Sweat chloride testing for patients with RP has a low yield in the era of newborn screening but may still need to be considered in children with RP to avoid missing the rare child with CF.
A comparative analysis of the implications of the Islamic religion on corporate capital structures of firms in emerging market countries
Authors: Gunn Theresa , Shackman Joshua 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the Muslim religion on firm capital structure.Design/methodology/approach– The authors compare financing patterns in Muslim versus non-Muslim countries using 658 firms in 16 countries covering a period of seven years.Findings– No significant differences between Muslim and non-Muslim countries were found in terms of total debt ratios. However, significant differences were found in the choice of short-term versus long-term debt, with firms in Muslim countries showing a strong preference for short-term debt.Research limitations/implications– The findings confirm existing theories on the impact of the Islamic religion on short-term versus long-term debt preferences. However, the findings concerning the lack of an impact of the Islamic religion on total debt preferences are surprising and contrary to existing theories.Practical implications– Firms in Muslim countries appear to have the flexibility to adopt overall leverage ratios comparable to those in non-Muslim countries. However, firms in Muslim countries may be disadvantaged in that there appear to be impediments to the use of long-term debt.Originality/value– This paper presents one of the first empirical studies of the impact of the Muslim religion on corporate financing choices across a large cross-section of firms in Muslim and non-Muslim countries.
Debating the State in Private Housing Neighborhoods: The Governance of Homeowners' Associations in Urban Shanghai
Authors: Zhou Mujun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article examines the transformation of state power in urban China by investigating how the state governs a newly emerging type of neighborhood organization connected with housing privatization, the homeowners' association (HA). Based on a series of extensive field research visits in Shanghai from 2006 to 2012, it analyzes the contradictory rationales behind HA policies in Shanghai, and elaborates the debates between state actors and non‐state actors on the boundary of state intervention. It finds that the state in Shanghai has engaged multiple goals in its governance of the HAs: regularizing the real estate market, promoting self‐organization at the neighborhood level, and channeling homeowners' participation in urban politics. The neoliberal rationality of governing through subjects' autonomy and a tradition of the socialist discourse on party leadership co‐exist in the state's toolkit for governance. But the state's capacity to coordinate these different governing techniques varies across fields. I highlight the dilemma a non‐liberal state confronts in cultivating self‐organizing and self‐responsible individuals. This contrasts with some of the studies on ‘China's neoliberal state’, which argue that the bureaucratic system has been resilient in coping with the contradictions and imbalances inherent in neoliberalism.
Influence of fat replacers on the chemical, textural and sensory properties of low‐fat Beyaz pickled cheese produced from ewe's milk
Authors: Akin Musa Serdar , Kirmaci Zuhal 
Published: August 2014

In this study, low‐fat Beyaz pickled cheeses were produced from ewe's milk using a protein‐based fat replacer (1.0% w/w Simplesse®), a carbohydrate‐based fat replacer (0.5% w/w Maltrin®) and a blend of both (0.5% w/w Simplesse® + 0.25% w/w Maltrin®). The chemical, textural and sensory properties of cheeses were examined during storage for 60 days. The use of fat replacers affected chemical (except pH and acidity), textural and sensory properties of the cheeses. The cheeses produced with Simplesse®(Sample B) were similar to full‐fat cheese and had the highest sensory scores.