bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical model for helical particle array assessment for EMI shielding applications
Authors: Hamidi Ayoub , Cheldavi Ahmad , Korayem Asghar Habibnejad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel analytical method for studying power transmission through an infinite array of helical-shaped metal particles in a lossy dielectric medium. While the assessment of composite slabs' transmitted power has been extensively researched in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding field, many studies lack an adequate problem description. The primary inadequacy of these studies is the need for an analytical framework. This study, besides presenting a new approach to designing a concrete composite that leverages the magnetoelectric properties of the particles, making it suitable for EMI shielding, also employs a theoretical method to analyze the composite. A circuit model of the array is introduced using a modal field decomposition, which justifies the impact of helix transmission modes and the transverse magnetic field component on the shielding properties of the array. It is also shown that the resonances of the array can be tuned by engineering the helix properties. Furthermore, to broaden the applicable bandwidth of the composite, a multi-layer structure is proposed. The computational load of the proposed method demonstrates exceptional speed due to its circuit model foundation. The model yields practical results, making it ideal for optimizing various shielding structures, including concrete composite design for EMI applications.
Effectiveness of Different Teaching Methods to Enhance Dental Students' Knowledge and Restorative Cement Manipulation Skills
Authors: Varughese Anju , M Remya , S Deepthy , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam , Varghese Arya Acca , KG Vidya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped learning and smart class compared to the traditional teaching method in two arenas of learning: acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skill in manipulating dental cement.
Methods:60 first-year undergraduate dental students were divided into three study groups and exposed to three teaching methods namely Traditional Teaching (TT), Smart Class (SC), and Flipped Learning (FL) of three different dental restorative cement. Each teaching method was followed by an evaluation of the ‘knowledge assessment score’, a live demonstration of the cement manipulation, and the participants ‘skill assessment score’. The scores obtained were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test for statistical significance.
Results: The ‘knowledge assessment score’ was significantly high in the FL group (p-value - 0.001), however, there was no significant difference between SC and TT groups (p-value - 1.0). The ‘skill assessment score’ in FL and SC groups was significantly higher (p-value 0.001), yet there was no significant difference between FL and SC groups (p-value 0.798).
Discussion: Of the three teaching methods assessed, flipped learning proved to be more effective in the knowledge acquired and clinical competence demonstrated when compared to other techniques in dental education.
Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes in high-risk and borderline high-risk pregnant women for Down syndrome
Authors: Tian Tian , Huang Zhi , Li Yuquan , Ding Kaize , Zheng Huilin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and serological triple screening were used to analyse the clinical and pregnancy outcomes of women classified as borderline/high-risk for Down syndrome (DS).
Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3,245 pregnant women who underwent karyotyping combined with BACs-on-BeadsTM (BoBsTM) and karyotyping combined with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The overall prevalence of fetuses at high risk of DS was 7.55% (245/3245), of which the incidence of DS was 84.49% (207/245), sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) was 5.31% (13/245), trisomy 18 was 4.49% (11/245), pathogenic copy number variations (PCNVs) was 4.08% (10/245), and variant of uncertain significance (VOUS) was 1.22% (3/245). Seven cases of mosaicism undetected by BoBsTM and one case of mosaicism undetected by CMA were detected by karyotyping. One additional complex rearrangement was detected by karyotyping. The CNV detection rate of CMA was higher than that of BoBsTM [1.75% (9/513) vs. 0.15% (4/2732)]. The positive predictive values of NIPT (70.00%) were higher than those of serological triple screening (0.95%), which is useful in DS, trisomy 18, SCA, and CNV. Of the pregnancies, 96.62% (200/207) were DS; 100% (11/11), trisomy 18; 61.54% (8/13), SCA; 70.00% (7/10), PCNVs; and 0% (0/3), VOUS terminated pregnancies.
Conclusions: Serological triple screening is useful for DS and SCA, trisomy 18, and CNV. Karyotyping combined with CMA detected more mosaicism and CNV than karyotyping combined with BoBsTM. The labour induction rate of DS and trisomy 18 was higher than that of SCA, and PCNVs were higher than VOUS.
Multiplexed molecular imaging identifies pancreatic cancer candidates for epigenetic modulators
Authors: Szymonski Krzysztof , Janiszewska Natalia , Sofińska Kamila , Skirlińska-Nosek Katarzyna , Lupa Dawid , Czaja Michał , Urbańska Marta , Jurkowska Katarzyna , Konik Kamila , Olszewska Marta , Adamek Dariusz , Awsiuk Kamil , Lipiec Ewelina , Szymonski Marek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Genomic alterations drive the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, alone they do not explain its numerous phenotypes. Exploring the epigenetic landscapes of PC delivers a more insightful picture and might reveal excellent targeted therapies that could improve patient survival. PC subtyping based on histological features reflects its morphological diversity and correlates with clinical outcomes. Here we used a label-free multiplexed molecular imaging to recognize PC epigenetic modifications spatially, consequently, DNA and histone methylation (at lysine and arginine) and histone acetylation (at lysine) were investigated. To complete the picture, B-to-Z-DNA conformational change was assessed. We utilized convolutional neural networks and other machine learning approaches to analyze and semi-quantify the relative variability of epigenome among the six most common PC histological subtypes. We found foamy-glands (FG) and squamous-differentiated (SD) presenting oppositely to others and more alike the benign controls. They consistently expressed higher global levels of epigenetic modifications and higher Z-DNA ratios. Overall, our results suggest variable efficacy of targeting epigenetic regulators in histologically distinct PC subtypes.
Assessing Antimicrobial Consumption in Public and Private Sectors within the Costa Rican Health System: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Díaz-Madriz José Pablo , Rojas-Chinchilla Carolina , Zavaleta-Monestel Esteban , Ching-Fung Shing Mi , Marin-Piva Hugo , Marin Gustavo H , Giangreco Lucia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health threat. Therefore, robust monitoring systems for antimicrobial consumption (AMC) are essential to develop public health strategies. However, Latin American countries, including Costa Rica, face challenges in regularly reporting AMC data. This study aims to estimate and analyze the overall AMC in Costa Rica for 2019.
Methods
Adhering to WHO methodology, the study employs the ATC/DDD system to analyze variables such as types of antimicrobials, Defined Daily Doses (DDD), and DDD/1000 inhabit-ants/day (DID).
Results
The investigation reveals a total AMC of 14.32 DID, with the public sector accounting for 12.75 DID and the private sector for 4.12 DID. Penicillin emerges as the most consumed group globally and in the public sector, while macrolides and lincosamides predominate in the private sector. According to the WHO-AWaRe classification, antibiotics predominantly consumed in the global and public sectors are categorized under Access, whereas the private sector predominates the Watch category.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study highlights the need for coordinated actions to reduce the irrational consumption of antimicrobials. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of the active participation of all sectors and regulatory authorities for the development and implementation of effective and multisectoral policies.
A Hybrid Model for Ultra-short-term PV Prediction Using SOM Clustering and ECA
Authors: Zhu Yixin , Wang Ziyao , Zhang Wei , Liu Yufan , Wu Hao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

For the grid to operate safely and steadily and for PV electricity to be connected on a broad scale, the precision of the ultra-short-term PV power prediction is crucial. A combination model of ultra-short-term PV prediction based on an attention mechanism is proposed to increase the prediction accuracy of PV output power under various weather circumstances. First, using a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, important climatic variables that are closely associated with PV power generation are selected and normalized on a monthly basis. The Sky Condition Factor (SCF), a classification index, is then obtained by computing a weighted summation. This reduces the dimensionality of the input variables and eliminates seasonal influence on weather classification and the coupling interactions among various meteorological elements. Second, an unsupervised clustering of SCFs using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network is used to classify three types of weather. After that, CNN prediction models are built for each of the three types of weather. The Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) module is then added, allowing the model to focus on key feature information and increase prediction accuracy by adaptively assigning phase weights to each of the multiple channels of feature information that the CNN has extracted. Lastly, the efficacy of the suggested prediction model is verified by simulations run on historical observed data, which demonstrate an improvement in the prediction model's accuracy under various weather conditions when compared to the model without the ECA module.
Systemic biological mechanisms underpin poor post-discharge growth among severely wasted children with HIV
Authors: Mudibo Evans , Bogaert Jasper , Tigoi Caroline , Ngari Moses , Singa Benson , Lancioni Christina , Diallo Abdoulaye ,   Emmie Mbale9, Mupere Ezekiel , Thitiri Johnstone , Mukisa John , Timbwa Molline , Omer Elisha , Ngao Narshion , Musyimi Robert , Kahindi Eunice , Bandsma Robert , Kelly Paul , Prendergast Andrew , McGrath Christine , Tickell Kirkby , Walson Judd , Berkley James , Njunge James , Gonzales Gerard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, children with severe malnutrition (SM) and comorbid HIV (HIV-SM) have substantially worse outcomes than children with SM alone, facing higher mortality risk and impaired nutritional recovery post-hospitalisation. The underlying biological mechanisms underpinning this risk remain incompletely understood. This case-control study nested within the CHAIN cohort in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi and Burkina Faso examined proteomic signatures associated with HIV and their impact on post-discharge growth in severely wasted children. Using the SomaScan® assay, 7335 human plasma proteins were quantified. Linear mixed models identified HIV-associated biological processes and their associations with post-discharge growth. Using structural equation modelling, we examined directed paths explaining how HIV influences post-discharge growth. HIV was associated with increased complement activation and decreased insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling and bone mineralization. HIV indirectly affected post-discharge growth by influencing baseline anthropometry and also modulating bone mineralization, humoral immune responses and other processes. These findings suggest specific biological pathways linking HIV to poor growth, offering insights for targeted interventions in this vulnerable population.
Idiosyncratic nature of lactation reveals link to breast cancer risk.
Authors: Germain Doris , Chattopadhyay Mrittika , Jenkins Edmund , Janssen William , Mashaka Thelma 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Breastfeeding protects against breast cancer in some women but not others, however the mechanism remains elusive. Lactation requires intense secretory activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for the production of milk proteins and ER- mitochondria contacts for lipid synthesis. We show that in female mice that share the same nuclear genome (BL/6) but differ in mitochondrial genomes (C57 or NZB), the biological processes engaged during lactation are entirely different at the sub-cellular organization and transcriptional levels resulting in anti-tumorigenic lactation in BL/6C57 females and pro-tumorigenic lactation in BL/6NZB females. Single cell sequencing identified a sub-population of cells, uniquely amplified during lactation in BL/6NZB females, which shares the genetic signature that characterizes post-partum breast cancer (PPBC) in humans relative to matched breast cancers in never pregnant women. Our data indicate that differences in ER and mitochondrial-stress responses during lactation between genotypes inadvertently leads to loss of p53 tumor suppressor function in BL/6NZB females allowing the expansion of the PPBC-like sub-population of cells. Overall, our data reveals the unexpected idiosyncratic nature of lactation and its impacts on the risk of the development of PPBC.
Decepción, fatalismo y esperanza: oposiciones emocionales y polarización en torno a la paz negociada en 9 ciudades de Colombia
Authors: Villa Gómez Juan David , Insuasty Rodríguez Alfonso , Clavijo Díaz Sara 
Published: June 2024

Las Orientaciones Emocionales Colectivas en relación con el proceso de paz entre el Estado colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) evidencian emocionales que configuran oposiciones y polarización, según los participantes estén o no de acuerdo con el proceso de paz. Durante la negociación los participantes ‘de acuerdo’, manifestaban esperanza, tranquilidad y alivio, mientras aquéllos ‘en desacuerdo’, desconfianza e indignación. Después del plebiscito los primeros, tristeza, decepción y frustración, mientras los segundos alegría y celebración. Finalmente, durante la implementación, los primeros expresan desconfianza, temor e incertidumbre, mientras los segundos indignación. Estas disposiciones emocionales movilizan creencias, actitudes hacia la polarización, obturando diálogos y debates democráticos; constituyendo un clima emocional de fatalismo y resignación como barrera psicosocial para la construcción de paz y reconciliación.
Nature-based solutions for coastal protection in the southern Caribbean
Authors: Madramootoo Chandra A. , Virgil Christian 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The coastal shores of Trinidad and Tobago are at high risk (69.5 and 42.7%, respectively) of inundation from storm surges, sea level rise, and coastal erosion. The impacts of these coastal processes are predicted to worsen with climate change. Nature-based solutions utilizing the planting and rehabilitation of mangroves and seagrass beds are proposed. Sustainable green-engineered coastal protection strategies are pertinent for the low-lying coastal regions, as they house 70% of the country's population and roughly 80% of its socio-economic activity. Such measures offer ecological, environmental, social, and economic benefits, not provided by grey engineering, or concrete structures. Nature-based solutions are limited by anthropogenic factors, biotic/abiotic factors, data gaps, legal constraints, and social trends. These have resulted in declines in mangrove and seagrass bed coverage. A more sustainable coastal protection strategy using mangroves and seagrasses can be achieved by addressing these limitations and systematically utilizing various coastal ecological species. Building capacity, community building and outreach, and revising legal approaches and policing measures are necessary to maximize the benefits mangroves and seagrass beds offer as coastal protection measures.
Determinants of diarrhea prevalence among children under 5 years in semi-arid Ghana
Authors: Pienaah Cornelius K. A. , Yoshida Yoko , Saaka Sulemana Ansumah , Ategeeng Frank Nyongnaah , Luginaah Isaac 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Despite the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG6) of achieving universal access to clean water and sanitation by 2030, many developing countries still face water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related health issues such as child mortality caused by diarrhea. This study investigated the factors contributing to diarrhea prevalence in rural children, utilizing a cross-sectional survey (n = 517) of smallholder household representatives from a Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-Regulation (RANAS) perspective. Using binary logistic regression, the study found that a high prevalence of diarrhea among children was associated with unsafe/open disposal of child feces, living in the poorest households, poor self-rated health, and residing in the Wa East district. Conversely, children from the Brifo ethnicity and those from larger households were less likely to have a high prevalence of diarrhea. These findings underscore the influence of behavioral, socio-cultural, and socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of diarrhea in rural areas. To achieve SDG6, child-friendly sanitation infrastructure, behavior change communication strategies, and incentivizing WASH infrastructure in Ghana and other regions in Sub-Saharan Africa facing similar conditions are recommended.
The road to net-zero in Canada through regionalization and segmentation of GHG emissions and the role of water resources management
Authors: Boluwade Alaba , Maceachern Joe 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The primary goal of this study was to assess the temporal variations, trends, and aberrations in the greenhouse gas (GHG) series for Canada from a regional and economic sector perspective. A Bayesian Change Point method based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and Binary Segmentation were used to detect aberrations, the number of changes, and locations. Trend analysis and change point results show that all the Prairie provinces have uptrends and frequent change points. On the other hand, Central, Atlantic, and the Territories show evidence of a downtrend. There is a consistent uptrend and frequent change points for the economic sectors in the oil and gas, agriculture, transportation, and building economic sectors. This upward trend could be due to a consistent increase in petroleum extraction, increased population, and increased number of on-road cars. The increase in the agriculture sector could be due to an increase in livestock products and the application of fertilizer and manure for farming purposes, especially in the Prairie jurisdictions. From the foregoing, Canada's abundant water resources potential will be crucial in mitigating GHG emission in the heat and electricity sector across various jurisdictions.
A large-scale evaluation of machine learning algorithms in mid-term water demand forecasting
Authors: Michalopoulos Christos , Dimas Panagiotis , Kossieris Panagiotis , Pelekanos Nikos , Makropoulos Christos 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Water utilities currently face challenges in accurately measuring user-end consumption as they have to visit every conventional meter that is installed in their service area. This study explores the use of accessible machine learning models to forecast water demand at two crucial temporal scales, addressing practical needs such as customer billing. To draw meaningful conclusions, these models were tested and trained from actual user-end water consumption data from over 2.1 million customers over a 10-year period. These data were provided by the Water and Sewage Company of Greece (EYDAP). The large-scale experiment included the use of statistical models (ARIMA and SARIMA), deep learning [long short-term memory (LSTM)], and clustering techniques (k-NN algorithm). The model with the best performance was ARIMA, outperforming all the other models including the more complex ones. The LSTM model did not perform as expected in predicting water consumption, it excelled only in predicting the total amount of water consumed. These forecasts can be valuable tools for water utility companies, aiding in tasks such as customer billing and water balance calculations. This paper covers all the necessary steps that must be taken to achieve meaningful user-end water consumption forecasts, from raw data preprocessing to hyperparameter tuning for machine learning algorithms.
Comparative assessment of treatment technologies for minimizing reverse osmosis concentrate volume for industrial applications: A review
Authors: Patel Raj Vardhan Prasad , Raval Hiren 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTDesalination of seawater, brackish water, and reclaimed water is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide to supplement and diversify fresh water supplies. However, particularly for industrial wastewater, the need for environment-friendly and economically viable alternatives for concentrate management is the major impediment to deploying large-scale desalination. This review covers various strategies and technologies for managing reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) and also includes their disposal, treatment, and potential applications. Developing energy-efficient, economical, and ecologically sound ROC management systems is essential if desalination and wastewater treatment are being implemented for a sustainable water future, particularly for industrial wastewater. The limitations and benefits of various concentrate management strategies are examined in this review. Moreover, it explores the potential of innovative technologies in reducing concentrate volume, enhancing water recovery, eliminating organic pollutants, and extracting valuable resources. This review critically discusses concentrate management approaches and technologies, including disposal, treatment, and reuse, including new technologies for reducing concentrate volume, boosting water recovery, eliminating organic contaminants, recovering valuable commodities, and minimizing energy consumption.
El misterio del hombre en Gabriel Marcel: encarnación e itinerancia, trascendencia y libertad
Authors: Rodríguez Piñero Andrés Nicolás 
Published: June 2024

En el presente artículo nos aproximaremos al misterio del hombre a partir de las reflexiones antropológicas de Gabriel Marcel, presentes tanto en sus trabajos filosóficos como en sus obras dramáticas. En especial, nos centraremos en sus análisis sobre las dimensiones estructurales o metafísicas de la existencia personal. En primer lugar, abordaremos la condición corpórea y encarnada del hombre como punto de partida de toda reflexión filosófica concreta. Además, emprenderemos el estudio de la dimensión itinerante y temporal de la existencia personal, marcada por la esperanzada búsqueda de una plenitud profundamente anhelada. También analizaremos la noción marceliana de “exigencia ontológica” como impulso interior de la apertura a la trascendencia. A su vez, desarrollaremos las reflexiones de Marcel sobre la libertad como conquista del propio ser, y como apertura que se consuma plenamente en la intersubjetividad. De este modo, destacaremos las diversas vías por las cuales nuestro autor buscar que nos dejemos asombrar por el misterio del hombre en su dramática plenitud, que nos interpela al reconocimiento y respeto de su sagrada dignidad.