bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between NO synthase and NADPH oxidase in control of sodium transport by the renal thick ascending limb during diabetes
Authors: De Miguel C. , Foster J. M. , Carmines P. K. , Pollock J. S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimDuring type 1 diabetes (T1D), the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) displays an NADPH oxidase‐dependent increase in sodium transport, in concert with increased NO production by NO synthase 1 (NOS1) and NOS2. We hypothesized that NOS1‐ and/or NOS2‐derived NO blunts T1D‐induced activation of sodium transport in the mTAL.MethodsT1D was induced by streptozotocin injection (STZ rats); sham rats received vehicle. Three‐to‐four weeks later, mTAL were isolated from both groups for assay of nitrite and superoxide production, and O2 consumption in the absence or presence of various inhibitors.ResultsApocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) normalized superoxide production and ouabain‐sensitive O2 consumption and furosemide‐sensitive O2 consumption by mTALs from STZ rats, without altering O2 consumption by mTALs from sham rats. Apocynin also unmasked a T1D‐induced increase in nitrite production. NOS inhibition did not alter superoxide production in either group. In sham mTAL, total NOS inhibition, but not isoform‐specific inhibition of NOS1 or NOS2, increased ouabain‐ and furosemide‐sensitive O2 consumption, confirming a tonic inhibitory impact of NOS3 on sodium transport. In contrast, neither total nor isoform‐specific NOS inhibition altered O2 consumption by STZ mTAL. Apocynin treatment of STZ mTAL unveiled the ability of isoform‐specific NOS inhibition to significantly increase O2 consumption, without further increase in O2 consumption with total NOS inhibition.ConclusionUnder normal conditions, NOS3‐derived NO inhibits sodium transport in the mTAL. T1D dismantles the impact of NOS‐mediated inhibition of sodium transport as a result of NADPH oxidase‐dependent NO scavenging. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase to preserve NO bioavailability reveals an inhibitory impact of NOS1‐ and NOS2‐derived NO on sodium transport in the mTAL.
High‐resolution imaging mass spectrometry reveals detailed spatial distribution of phosphatidylinositols in human breast cancer
Authors: Kawashima Masahiro , Iwamoto Noriko , Kawaguchi‐Sakita Nobuko , Sugimoto Masahiro , Ueno Takayuki , Mikami Yoshiki , Terasawa Kazuya , Sato Taka‐Aki , Tanaka Koichi , Shimizu Kazuharu , Toi Masakazu 
Published: July 2013

High‐resolution matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) is an emerging application for lipid research that provides a comprehensive and detailed spatial distribution of ionized molecules. Recent lipidomic approach has identified several phospholipids and phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are accumulated in breast cancer tissues and are therefore novel biomarker candidates. Because their distribution and significance remain unclear, we investigated the precise spatial distribution of PIs in human breast cancer tissues using high‐resolution MALDI IMS. We evaluated tissues from nine human breast cancers and one normal mammary gland by negative ion MALDI IMS at a resolution of 10 μm. We detected 10 PIs with different fatty acid compositions, and their proportions were remarkably variable in the malignant epithelial regions. High‐resolution imaging enabled us to discriminate cancer cell clusters from the adjacent stromal tissue within epithelial regions; moreover, this technique revealed that several PIs were specifically localized to cancer cell clusters. These PIs were heterogeneously distributed within cancer cell clusters, allowing us to identify two different populations of cancer cells that predominantly expressed either PI(18:0/18:1) or PI(18:0/20:3). Tracing the expression level of PIs during cancer cell progression suggested that the latter population is associated with the invasion. Our study documents a novel model for phospholipid analysis of breast cancer tissues by using high‐resolution MALDI IMS and identifies candidate PIs that can describe a specific phenotype of cancer cells.
Role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia: A retrospective analysis of JALSG‐APL97
Authors: Fujita Hiroyuki , Asou Norio , Iwanaga Masako , Hyo Rie , Nomura Shosaku , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Okada Masaya , Inaguma Youko , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Yamauchi Takahiro , Ohtake Shigeki , Izumi Tohru , Nakaseko Chiaki , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki , Shinagawa Katsuji , Takeshita Akihiro , Miyazaki Yasushi , Ohnishi Kazunori , Miyawaki Shuichi , Naoe Tomoki ,   the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group
Published: July 2013

For patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), all‐trans retinoic acid‐based salvage regimens can achieve second complete remission (CR2), but the optimal post‐remission strategy for APL patients after CR2 remains unclear. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during CR2 might be effective, but data on the role of HSCT for APL patients after CR2 are limited in Japan. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes for 57 relapsed APL patients who achieved CR2 in the JALSG APL97 study. Of those, six received autologous (auto)‐HSCT, 21 received allogeneic (allo)‐HSCT, and 30 received various regimens other than HSCT. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate, overall survival (OS) rate and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 50.7%, 77.4% and 51.0% in the non‐HSCT group, 41.7%, 83.3% and 58.3% in the auto‐HSCT group and 71.1%, 76.2% and 9.8% in the allo‐HSCT group, respectively. Both the EFS rate and CIR were significantly better in the allo‐HSCT group than in other groups. Allo‐HSCT appears effective in APL patients in CR2, with a low relapse rate beyond a relatively early transplantation‐related mortality (19%). Among older patients (age ≥40 years), the 5‐year OS was significantly better in the non‐HSCT group than in the HSCT group (78.0% vs 40.5%; P = 0.04). Further prospective studies with larger patient numbers are required to confirm the impact of HSCT alone and in combination with arsenic trioxide on outcomes for patients with APL in CR2.
Spanking and Child Development: We Know Enough Now to Stop Hitting Our Children
Authors: Gershoff Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSpanking remains a common, if controversial, childrearing practice in the United States. In this article, I pair mounting research indicating that spanking is both ineffective and harmful with professional and human rights opinions disavowing the practice. I conclude that spanking is a form of violence against children that should no longer be a part of American childrearing.
Compromised approximate number system acuity in extremely preterm school‐aged children
Authors: Hellgren Kerstin , Halberda Justin , Forsman Lea , Ådén Ulrika , Libertus Melissa 
Published: July 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to compare the approximate number system acuity in children born extremely preterm aged 6 years 6 months and typically developing, age‐matched peers.MethodThis population‐based follow‐up study included 65 children born before 27 gestational weeks (35 males, 30 females; mean gestational age 25.4wks [SD 1.1wk]; mean birthweight 789g [SD 158g]) and 47 typically developing children (24 females, 23 males) at the age of 6 years 6 months. A battery of cognitive tests was administered, including a computerized test for measuring approximate number system acuity and tests for general cognition, working memory, processing speed, and visual attention. Approximate number system outcome measures were means of Weber fraction (w) values and response time in milliseconds.ResultsThe 43 extremely preterm children in whom usable data were obtained performed significantly worse than the typically developing children on the approximate number system task (w=0.30 [SD 0.23] vs. 0.17 [SD 0.13]; p=0.003) and were significantly slower (response time=2934ms [SD 1102ms] vs 2376ms [SD 310ms]; p=0.002). The differences remained when adjusting for differences in other cognitive functions (p=0.03).InterpretationPreterm birth has a negative impact on an individual's ability to rapidly approximate and compare numbers of visually presented items. This deficiency is thought to be a consequence of dorsal stream dysfunction. Future studies will investigate whether this deficiency is correlated with lower mathematical proficiency in this group of children.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia–associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Chen Yan‐Jun , Yang Qing‐Hui , Liu Dong , Liu Qian‐Qian , Eyries Mélanie , Wen Liang , Wu Wen‐Hui , Jiang Xin , Yuan Ping , Zhang Rui , Soubrier Florent , Jing Zhi‐Cheng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundMutations in activin receptor‐like kinase‐1 (ACVRL‐1) or endoglin (ENG) are mostly identified in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH), but have not yet been studied in Chinese patients.Material and methodsIn this study, we investigated the clinical and molecular genetic features of Chinese patients with HHT‐associated PH and analysed genotype/phenotype correlations in 14 probands and their relatives. Mutation analyses in ACVRL‐1, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and ENG were performed in 14 Chinese Han patients with HHT‐associated PH.ResultsThe overall mutation rate was 71·4%, including 8 ACVRL‐1 mutations and 2 ENG mutations, 6 of which were novel. Six patients were identified with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), including four patients with pulmonary AVMs and two patients with liver AVMs. Five of the patients with AVMs were identified with mutations. Most patients received targeted therapy for PH.ConclusionsOur findings have revealed the clinical phenotype and molecular genetic features of HHT‐associated PH in Chinese Han patients and indicate that mutations of ACVRL‐1 and ENG are genetic predisposing factors in Chinese patients. Our data further addressed clinical management and have provided limited experience in treating this group of disorders.
Feeding behaviour and performance of different populations of the black currant‐lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, on resistant and susceptible lettuce
Authors: ten Broeke Cindy J.M. , Dicke Marcel , van Loon Joop J.A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhen crops are bred for resistance to herbivores, these herbivores are under strong selection pressure to overcome this resistance, which may result in the emergence of virulent biotypes. This is a growing problem for crop species attacked by aphids. The Nr‐gene in lettuce confers near‐complete resistance against the black currant‐lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Since 2007, populations of N. ribisnigri have been reported in several locations in Europe to infest resistant lettuce varieties that possess the Nr‐gene. The objective of this study was to analyse the behaviour and level of virulence of several N. ribisnigri populations observed to have colonized Nr‐locus‐containing lettuce lines. We analysed the stylet penetration and feeding behaviour, and the performance of these N. ribisnigri populations on resistant and susceptible lettuce lines. Large variation in the degree of virulence to the Nr‐locus‐containing lettuce lines was found among populations of the Nr:1 biotype. The German population was highly virulent on the Nr‐containing resistant lettuce lines, and showed similar feeding behaviour and performance on both the susceptible and resistant lettuces. The French population from Paris was the second most virulent, though reproduction on the resistant lines was reduced. The French population from Perpignan and a population from Belgium, however, showed reduced performance and feeding rate on the resistant compared to the susceptible lettuces. The lettuce background in which the Nr‐gene is expressed influences the level of resistance to the various Nr:1 aphid populations, because the performance and feeding behaviour differed between the aphids on the cultivars (romaine lettuce) compared to the near‐isogenic lines (butterhead/iceberg lettuce). This study also shows that being able to feed on a plant not automatically implies that a population can successfully develop on that plant, because aphids showed phloem ingestion during the 8‐h recording period on resistant lettuce, but were not able to survive and reproduce on the same lettuce line.
Temperature, plankton and conspecific density influence dynamics of age‐0 gizzard shad: implications for a gape‐limited piscivore
Authors: Michaletz Paul H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAge‐0 gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum are the main prey fish for white crappies Pomoxis annularis in many US reservoirs. However, these prey fish commonly outgrow their vulnerability to white crappie predation in some, but not all, northern Missouri reservoirs. Potential variables that could influence abundance, growth and mortality of age‐0 gizzard shad were examined in three reservoirs that differed with respect to age‐0 gizzard shad growth rates. Because of thermal effluent from a power plant, gizzard shad spawned earlier in Thomas Hill Lake and initial densities of larvae were greater than in the other reservoirs. Larval and juvenile gizzard shad grew slowest in Thomas Hill Lake, followed by Mark Twain Lake and Long Branch Lake. Growth rate of larvae increased with increasing water temperature and food abundance, but decreased with increasing conspecific density. Similar relationships were found for juvenile growth, except that growth declined with increasing temperature. The slower growth of larvae and juveniles in Thomas Hill Lake was probably a consequence of their greater densities relative to their food abundance and higher water temperatures during the juvenile stage. Conversely, both larvae and juvenile gizzard shad grew more rapidly and juveniles attained large sizes in Long Branch Lake owing to their lower densities relative to their available food. Mortality of larvae and juveniles was mostly similar among the reservoirs. Because of their greater abundance and slower growth, gizzard shad were available as prey for white crappies for a longer period in Thomas Hill Lake than in the other reservoirs.
Sleep disorders in myotonic dystrophy type 2: a controlled polysomnographic study and self‐reported questionnaires
Authors: Romigi A. , Albanese M. , Placidi F. , Izzi F. , Liguori C. , Marciani M. G. , Mercuri N. B. , Terracciano C. , Vitrani G. , Petrucci A. , Di Gioia B. , Massa R. 
Published: July 2013

Background and purposeThere is a paucity of data available regarding the occurrence of sleep disorders in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). In this study the sleep–wake cycle and daytime sleepiness were investigated in DM2 patients and compared with results from healthy subjects and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients.MethodsTwelve DM2 outpatients, 12 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls and 18 DM1 patients were recruited. Subjective quality of sleep was assessed by means of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Both the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Daytime Sleepiness Scale were performed in order to evaluate excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). All participants underwent polysomnographic monitoring over 48 h as well as the Multiple Sleep Latency Test.ResultsSleep efficiency was < 90% in 12/12 DM2 patients, and significantly reduced when compared with controls or with DM1. Decreased sleep efficiency was associated with sleep‐disordered breathing in seven out of 12 DM2 patients and/or periodic limbs movements of sleep (PLMS) in three out of eight patients. Six DM2 patients showed REM sleep without atonia, whereas none of the controls or DM1 patients showed REM sleep dysregulation. The global PSQI score was higher in DM2 patients than in controls and DM1 patients.ConclusionsSleep quality in DM2 patients is poorer than in DM1 patients and controls. Sleep apnea is the most common sleep disorder in DM2 patients. Obstructive sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation may represent the main cause of EDS, whereas PLMS is a frequent finding in DM1.
Because Muncie's Densities Are Not Manhattan's: Using Geographical Weighting in the Expectation–Maximization Algorithm for Areal Interpolation
Authors: Schroeder Jonathan P. , Van Riper David C. 
Published: July 2013

Areal interpolation transforms data for a variable of interest from a set of source zones to estimate the same variable's distribution over a set of target zones. One common practice has been to guide interpolation by using ancillary control zones that are related to the variable of interest's spatial distribution. This guidance typically involves using source zone data to estimate the density of the variable of interest within each control zone. This article introduces a novel approach to density estimation, the geographically weighted expectation–maximization (GWEM), which combines features of two previously used techniques, the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm and geographically weighted regression. TheEMalgorithm provides a framework for incorporating proper constraints on data distributions, and using geographical weighting allows estimated control‐zone density ratios to vary spatially. We assess the accuracy ofGWEMby applying it with land use/land cover (LULC) ancillary data to population counts from a nationwide sample of 1980U.S. census tract pairs. We find thatGWEMgenerally is more accurate in this setting than several previously studied methods. Because target‐density weighting (TDW)—using 1970 tract densities to guide interpolation—outperformsGWEMin many cases, we also consider twoGWEM–TDWhybrid approaches and find them to improve estimates substantially.区域插值可通过变换一组源区感兴趣变量的数据得到目标区域同一变量的分布。采用与感兴趣变量空间分布密切相关的辅助控制区来引导插值是最常用的一种方法，通常涉及采用源区域数据估计每个控制区内感兴趣变量的密度值。本文引入了地理加权最大期望算法（GWEM）来进行密度估计，综合了过去常用的最大期望算法（EM）和地理加权回归（GWR）两种技术特征。EM算法为数据分布约束的集成提供框架，地理加权则允许估计估计控制区密度比例的空间变异。以美国1980年全国普查区域的土地利用/土地覆被数据种群统计为例，对该方法的精度进行了评估。结果显示，GWEM比多种现有方法准确性更高。采用目标密度加权法（TDW）以1970年束密度来进行插值在许多情况下优于GWEM，融合GWEM‐TDW两种方法可大幅改善估计结果。
Does implementing a development plan for user participation in a mental hospital change patients' experience? A non‐randomized controlled study
Authors: Rise Marit B. , Steinsbekk Aslak 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundGovernments in several countries attempt to strengthen user participation through instructing health‐care organizations to implement user participation initiatives. There is, however, little knowledge on the effect on patients' experience from comprehensive plans for enhancing user participation in whole health service organizations.ObjectiveTo investigate whether implementing a development plan intending to enhance user participation in a mental hospital had any effect on the patients' experience of user participation.Design, setting and participantsA non‐randomized controlled study including patients in three mental hospitals in Central Norway, one intervention hospital and two control hospitals.InterventionsA development plan intended to enhance user participation was implemented in the intervention hospital as a part of a larger reorganizational process. The plan included establishment of a patient education centre and a user office, purchase of user expertise, appointment of contact professionals for next of kin and improvement of the centre's information and the professional culture.Main outcome measuresPerceptions of Care, Inpatient Treatment Alliance Scale and questions made for this study.ResultsA total of 1651 patients participated. Implementing a development plan in a mental hospital intending to enhance user participation had no significant effect on the patients' experience of user participation.Discussions and conclusionsThe lack of effect can be due to inappropriate initiatives or challenges in implementation processes. Further research should ensure that initiatives and implementation processes are appropriate to impact the patients' experience.
Antibodies are forever: a study using 12–26‐year‐old expired antibodies
Authors: Argentieri Maria C , Pilla Daniela , Vanzati Alice , Lonardi Silvia , Facchetti Fabio , Doglioni Claudio , Parravicini Carlo , Cattoretti Giorgio 
Published: July 2013

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the shelf‐life of diagnostic antibodies is longer than the expiry date on the label.Methods and resultsFour independent laboratories tested a small number of diagnostic antibodies kept at +4°C for 12–26 years, and found them to work perfectly on routine histology sections.ConclusionsDiagnostic antibodies may have a workable half‐life in excess of 10 years, and the emphasis on performance should shift to the preservation of antigenic targets in the tissue.
Continuum model of tendon pathology – where are we now?
Authors: McCreesh Karen , Lewis Jeremy 
Published: July 2013

SummaryChronic tendon pathology is a common and often disabling condition, the causes of which remain poorly understood. The continuum model of tendon pathology was proposed to provide a model for the staging of tendon pathology and to assist clinicians in managing this often complex condition (Br. J. Sports Med., 43, 2009, 409). The model presents clinical, histological and imaging evidence for the progression of tendon pathology as a three‐stage continuum: reactive tendinopathy, tendon disrepair and degenerative tendinopathy. It also provides clinical information to assist in identifying the stage of pathology, in addition to proposed treatment approaches for each stage. The usefulness of such a model is determined by its ability to incorporate and inform new and emerging research. This review examines the degree to which recent research supports or refutes the continuum model and proposes future directions for clinical and research application of the model.
Fatigue loading of tendon
Authors: Shepherd Jennifer H. , Screen Hazel R. C. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryTendon injuries, often called tendinopathies, are debilitating and painful conditions, generally considered to develop as a result of tendon overuse. The aetiology of tendinopathy remains poorly understood, and whilst tendon biopsies have provided some information concerning tendon appearance in late‐stage disease, there is still little information concerning the mechanical and cellular events associated with disease initiation and progression. Investigating thisin situis challenging, and numerous models have been developed to investigate how overuse may generate tendon fatigue damage and how this may relate to tendinopathy conditions. This article aims to review these models and our current understanding of tendon fatigue damage. We review the strengths and limitations of different methodologies for characterizing tendon fatigue, consideringin vitromethods that adopt both viable and non‐viable samples, as well as the range of differentin vivoapproaches. By comparing data across model systems, we review the current understanding of fatigue damage development. Additionally, we compare these findings with data from tendinopathic tissue biopsies to provide some insights into how these models may relate to the aetiology of tendinopathy. Fatigue‐induced damage consistently highlights the same microstructural, biological and mechanical changes to the tendon across all model systems and also correlates well with the findings from tendinopathic biopsy tissue. The multiple testing routes support matrix damage as an important contributor to tendinopathic conditions, but cellular responses to fatigue appear complex and often contradictory.