bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of <i>Mikania cordata</i> and <i>Litsea monopetala</i> leaves
Authors: Nasrin Fatema , Hakim Md. Lukman 
Published: July 2015

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>
Tetraspanin CD151 Is a Negative Regulator of FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Activation
Authors: Abdala-Valencia Hiam , Bryce Paul J. , Schleimer Robert P. , Wechsler Joshua B. , Loffredo Lucas F. , Cook-Mills Joan M. , Hsu Chia-Lin , Berdnikovs Sergejs 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Mast cells are critical in the pathogenesis of allergic disease due to the release of preformed and newly synthesized mediators, yet the mechanisms controlling mast cell activation are not well understood. Members of the tetraspanin family are recently emerging as modulators of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation; however, mechanistic understanding of their function is currently lacking. The tetraspanin CD151 is a poorly understood member of this family and is specifically induced on mouse and human mast cells upon FcεRI aggregation but its functional effects are unknown. In this study, we show that CD151 deficiency significantly exacerbates the IgE-mediated late phase inflammation in a murine model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Ex vivo, FcεRI stimulation of bone marrow–derived mast cells from CD151−/− mice resulted in significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α compared with wild-type controls. However, FcεRI-induced mast cell degranulation was unaffected. At the molecular signaling level, CD151 selectively regulated IgE-induced activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K, associated with cytokine production, but had no effect on the phospholipase Cγ1 signaling, associated with degranulation. Collectively, our data indicate that CD151 exerts negative regulation over IgE-induced late phase responses and cytokine production in mast cells.
Differential TGF-β Signaling in Glial Subsets Underlies IL-6–Mediated Epileptogenesis in Mice
Authors: Levy Nitzan , Milikovsky Dan Z. , Baranauskas Gytis , Vinogradov Ekaterina , David Yaron , Ketzef Maya , Abutbul Shai , Weissberg Itai , Kamintsky Lyn , Fleidervish Ilya , Friedman Alon , Monsonego Alon 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
TGF-β1 is a master cytokine in immune regulation, orchestrating both pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions. Recent studies show that whereas TGF-β1 induces a quiescent microglia phenotype, it plays a pathogenic role in the neurovascular unit and triggers neuronal hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis. In this study, we show that, in primary glial cultures, TGF-β signaling induces rapid upregulation of the cytokine IL-6 in astrocytes, but not in microglia, via enhanced expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of SMAD2/3. Electrophysiological recordings show that administration of IL-6 increases cortical excitability, culminating in epileptiform discharges in vitro and spontaneous seizures in C57BL/6 mice. Intracellular recordings from layer V pyramidal cells in neocortical slices obtained from IL-6–treated mice show that during epileptogenesis, the cells respond to repetitive orthodromic activation with prolonged after-depolarization with no apparent changes in intrinsic membrane properties. Notably, TGF-β1–induced IL-6 upregulation occurs in brains of FVB/N but not in brains of C57BL/6 mice. Overall, our data suggest that TGF-β signaling in the brain can cause astrocyte activation whereby IL-6 upregulation results in dysregulation of astrocyte–neuronal interactions and neuronal hyperexcitability. Whereas IL-6 is epileptogenic in C57BL/6 mice, its upregulation by TGF-β1 is more profound in FVB/N mice characterized as a relatively more susceptible strain to seizure-induced cell death.
H3K9 Trimethylation Silences Fas Expression To Confer Colon Carcinoma Immune Escape and 5-Fluorouracil Chemoresistance
Authors: Paschall Amy V. , Yang Dafeng , Lu Chunwan , Choi Jeong-Hyeon , Li Xia , Liu Feiyan , Figueroa Mario , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Pearce Cedric , Bollag Wendy B. , Nayak-Kapoor Asha , Liu Kebin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Fas–FasL effector mechanism plays a key role in cancer immune surveillance by host T cells, but metastatic human colon carcinoma often uses silencing Fas expression as a mechanism of immune evasion. The molecular mechanism under FAS transcriptional silencing in human colon carcinoma is unknown. We performed genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and identified that the FAS promoter is enriched with H3K9me3 in metastatic human colon carcinoma cells. The H3K9me3 level in the FAS promoter region is significantly higher in metastatic than in primary cancer cells, and it is inversely correlated with Fas expression level. We discovered that verticillin A is a selective inhibitor of histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and G9a/GLP that exhibit redundant functions in H3K9 trimethylation and FAS transcriptional silencing. Genome-wide gene expression analysis identified FAS as one of the verticillin A target genes. Verticillin A treatment decreased H3K9me3 levels in the FAS promoter and restored Fas expression. Furthermore, verticillin A exhibited greater efficacy than decitabine and vorinostat in overcoming colon carcinoma resistance to FasL-induced apoptosis. Verticillin A also increased DR5 expression and overcame colon carcinoma resistance to DR5 agonist drozitumab-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, verticillin A overcame metastatic colon carcinoma resistance to 5-fluorouracil in vitro and in vivo. Using an orthotopic colon cancer mouse model, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes are FasL+ and that FasL-mediated cancer immune surveillance is essential for colon carcinoma growth control in vivo. Our findings determine that H3K9me3 of the FAS promoter is a dominant mechanism underlying FAS silencing and resultant colon carcinoma immune evasion and progression.
Galectin-3 Binding Protein Secreted by Breast Cancer Cells Inhibits Monocyte-Derived Fibrocyte Differentiation
Authors: White Michael J. V. , Roife David , Gomer Richard H. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
To metastasize, tumor cells often need to migrate through a layer of collagen-containing scar tissue which encapsulates the tumor. A key component of scar tissue and fibrosing diseases is the monocyte-derived fibrocyte, a collagen-secreting profibrotic cell. To test the hypothesis that invasive tumor cells may block the formation of the fibrous sheath, we determined whether tumor cells secrete factors that inhibit monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation. We found that the human metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 secretes activity that inhibits human monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation, whereas less aggressive breast cancer cell lines secrete less of this activity. Purification indicated that Galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) is the active factor. Recombinant LGALS3BP inhibits monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation, and immunodepletion of LGALS3BP from MDA-MB 231 conditioned media removes the monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation-inhibiting activity. LGALS3BP inhibits the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibrocytes from wild-type mouse spleen cells, but not from SIGN-R1−/− mouse spleen cells, suggesting that CD209/SIGN-R1 is required for the LGALS3BP effect. Galectin-3 and galectin-1, binding partners of LGALS3BP, potentiate monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation. In breast cancer biopsies, increased levels of tumor cell-associated LGALS3BP were observed in regions of the tumor that were invading the surrounding stroma. These findings suggest LGALS3BP and galectin-3 as new targets to treat metastatic cancer and fibrosing diseases.
Pedagogical Practice in Engineering Courses: Students’ Contribution
Authors: Moreira Herivelto , Da Luz Samoara Viacelli , Da Rocha Rozane de Fátima Zaionz , Junior Armando Kolbe 
Published: July 2015

<p>The objective of this article was to identify Brazilians engineering students’ perceptions<br />about the relevance of pedagogical knowledge and its implications for the professional<br />preparation. The interest in the study was due to the urgency to promote actions which can<br />contribute to the improvement of higher education, as well as the lack of studies highlighting<br />the students’ perceptions and experiences in relation to what they consider a good class and<br />good teaching/learning strategies used by teachers. The approach used was qualitative. The<br />sample consisted of nine students from the 4th and 5th years of the Mechanical and Civil<br />Engineering courses of a public university in south Brazil. The data was collected through<br />individual semi-structured interviews. The main results allowed to reflect on how teaching<br />and learning strategies influence to define what students consider a good class and what<br />characterizes a good teacher. Evidence also suggests that there is a predominance of lectures<br />through slides projection in which students do not actively participate during the classes, and<br />as characteristics of a good teacher emerges: teachers’ mastery of scientific knowledge,<br />mastery of the pedagogical knowledge (didactics), ability to contextualize the content, to<br />relate theory and practice, and the ability to motivate and develop good relationship with<br />students.</p><p> </p>
Ética bibliotecária em universidades do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Souza Francisco Das Chagas de 
Published: July 2015

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: As noções de responsabilidade social e de boa prática profissional estão se constituindo cada vez mais em referência para a atuação de empresas, governos e profissões. Os bibliotecários brasileiros encontram tais noções no Código de Ética do Bibliotecário e, internacionalmente, no Código de Ética do bibliotecário e de outros profissionais da informação, da IFLA.</p><p><strong>Objetivo</strong>: Analisar o discurso consolidado nos portais de bibliotecas de dez universidades das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil.</p><p><strong>Metodologia</strong>: Análise do discurso textual.</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong>: Síntese das posturas manifestas nos portais das Bibliotecas Universitárias, referentes às condutas que adotam na relação com seus usuários.</p><p><strong>Conclusões</strong>: O bibliotecário não distingue sua ética pessoal daquela disposta na norma ética de sua profissão. Enquanto sua ética pessoal é utilitária, a ética profissional disposta no código de ética do bibliotecário brasileiro é deontológica. Os portais de Bibliotecas Universitárias estudadas oferecem uma expressão muito aquém do desejável em se tratando de ética profissional bibliotecária.</p>
De Pipas Y Sustancias: Costumbres Fumatorias Durante El Periodo Formativo En El Litoral Del Desierto De Atacama (Norte De Chile)
Authors: Carrasco Carolina , Echeverría Javier , Ballester Benjamín , Niemeyer Hermann M. 
Published: July 2015

ResumenEl hallazgo de pipas en contextos fúnebres del litoral del Desierto de Atacama hace más de un siglo, ha sido la base para sugerir que los grupos de Pescadores, cazadores y recolectores marinos tuvieron como costumbre fumar durante el período Formativo (1500 a.C-1000 cal d.C). Lo que seguía siendo una incógnita es qué estaban fumando y de dónde provenían las sustancias consumidas. En la búsqueda de dar solución a este problema, presentamos el análisis de los residuos adheridos de cuatro pipas de piedra en forma de T invertida, recuperadas de un cementerio de la costa del Desierto de Atacama al norte de Chile, usando dos metodologías complementarias derivadas de la arqueobotánica y la química. Paralelamente, realizamos un análisis químico sobre cabello humano perteneciente a un individuo asociado a una de las pipas. Se logró identificar, al interior de éstas, la presencia de nicotina y otras sustancias, tales como microrrestos de Nicotiana y de otras especies, además de nicotina, en el cabello muestreado. Finalmente, discutimos estos resultados en función de la disponibilidad defuentes de estos recursos, estrategias de movilidad, relaciones de intercambio y el modo de vida de las poblaciones litorales.
Determining the Potential of Colorimetry in Wood Identification
Authors: ABASOLO WILLIE P. , GIBE MONICA 
Published: July 2015

Proper wood identification is the first step in allocating the appropriate utility of the wood species. This is a difficult task for it requires skills gained from a number of years of experience. To come up of with a simple, easy but reliable wood identification technique for unknown wood samples, the study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using colorimetry in identifying different wood species. Solvents used to obtain the wood dye extracts were hot water and ethanol. Light absorbance of the solution was measured using a colorimeter with three (3) light wavelengths particularly 468nm, 520nm and 650nm. Maximum light absorbance of the wood extracts varied significantly among wood samples. This showed that colorimeter readings were able to differentiate one wood sample from the other. Among the three wavelengths, 468 nm was the most successful in segregating the wood samples regardless of the solvent used. Although alcohol gave higher absorbance values, using water as a solvent provided a much clear separation between absorbance values. Hence, hot water should be used instead of alcohol. Besides being readily available, it is safer to handle and much cheaper than alcohol. Keywords - Wood Science, colorimetry in wood identification, wood dye extracts, Philippines
Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans) in Bulacan, Philippines
Authors: CRUZ JAYVEE A. , CADIENTE MEA KATREENA M. , HOAI XUAN TRUONG , RASCO JR EUFEMIO T. 
Published: July 2015

The nipa (Nypa fruticans) environment has limited nutrients along with soil salinity, but sustainably high productivity is observed for this palm. Its productivity is supported by indefinite mechanisms for its fertility maintenance, in which symbiotic microbes are involved. In this study, screening of endophytic bacteria examined their multiple plant growth-promoting traits. These include the production of indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and starch hydrolysis as potential microbial inoculants to upland rice. Twelve endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from nipa palm in Bulacan, Philippines. All bacterial isolates produced IAA in culture. Ten of the 12 isolates dissolved precipitated tricalcium phosphate as shown by clearing zones around isolates grown in Pikovskaya’s medium. Five isolates were nitrogen-fixing bacteria while four hydrolyzed starch. Promising bacteria will be selected from the 12 isolates for further study. Other researchers have proven the ability of Burkholderia, bacteria isolated from nipa palm to endophytically colonize rice, promoting both plant growth and rice grain yield. Hence, it is possible that the isolated endophytic bacteria from nipa palm may also act as plant growth enhancers to other crops including rice. Keywords - Microbiology, endophytic bacteria, growth-promoting activities, nipa palm, Bulacan, Philippines
Science Literacy, Awareness, and Attitude Enhancement through Integration of Sustainable Development Education in General Ecology
Authors: GUEVARA CHRISTIA ALMARIO 
Published: July 2015

Science literacy, awareness and attitude enhancement as outcomes of integrating sustainable development concepts and principles in coursework of general ecology was investigated. This study further explored on causal relationships of demographic and other factors to learning and relate them to the students’ capacity for conceptual integration and sustainable practices as a way of life. The utilization of formal science courses as venue for knowledge building and sharing, awareness and understanding of relevant societal issues, and the promotion of sustainable development were accomplished in this study. A module on Ecology integrated with sustainability was developed. Test of Science Literacy (TSL) and Sustainability Awareness and Attitude Inventory (SSAI) were developed to evaluate learning, awareness and attitude. Results were reported as means, standard deviations, and frequencies. Test scores were analyzed by paired samples t - test. Qualitative data were organized into themes and were used as supporting evidences of statistical results. Findings of this study indicated that there was a statistically significant improvement in the students’ science literacy upon completion of the course. Awareness and attitudes toward sustainable living were likewise developed. This study showed that academic programs can be utilized as an effective path for advocacy toward sustainable living. Keywords - General Ecology, sustainable development, science literacy sustainability awareness and attitude, descriptive design, Philippine education, Philippines
Clark as an Alternative Destination for Warehouse Storage in Manila, Philippines
Authors: JAFY LOK TAK MING 
Published: July 2015

This paper is to apply the concept of the destination image to a decision on warehouse storage location. With a proper transportation network, people in Manila could reach Clark in one to one and a half hours. However, currently, the customers in Manila are reluctant to use the warehouse services in Clark. One of the main concerns is on the unexpected travelling time. The objective of this paper is to explore whether people will consider Clark as an alternative destination for warehouse storage in Manila if there is a proper transportation network. The results of the three case studies confirm the model of the formation of the destination image being the information sources, experience, psychologically nature and socio-demographic characteristics. The results also confirm the influence of the linked transportation network to Clark as a destination image. It is concluded that propositions are supported, and literal replication is expected. With a properly linked transportation network, consumers are willing to consider Clark as a warehouse storage location. With a similar argument, Clark could be considered for other business and other economic activities if there is properly linked transportation network between Clark and Manila. Keywords- Destination image, linked transportation network, case study, Manila, Clark
Heavy Metals in Processed Fish Commercially Available in the Philippines: An Environmental Toxicology Study
Authors: SOLIDUM JUDILYNN N. 
Published: July 2015

Fish is the staple viand for Filipinos. Unsurprisingly, fish processing becomes a livelihood in the Philippines. Lead, cadmium and chromium contamination in fish may result to adverse health effects. This study aimed to determine such heavy metals in processed fish (dried and smoked) in both head and meat sold in the markets of Metro Manila, Philippines. The levels were compared with each other. The levels of heavy metals obtained were also compared with standard limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization, and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The samples were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. All processed fish smoked and dried fish samples contained lead, cadmium and chromium. Smoked Bisugo (Nemipterus japonicus) head had lead that went beyond the allowed limit. All dried fish samples contained cadmium beyond the acceptable limit. Smoked Galunggong (Decapterus macrosoma) meat went beyond the acceptable cadmium limit. Chromium in all samples went beyond the acceptable limit. Using Student’s t-test, the levels of lead and cadmium (head, meat) in processed fish showed statistically insignificant difference similar to chromium in smoked but not for dried fish. Hence, all processed fish samples contain lead, cadmium and chromium. The species and body parts with heavy metals beyond the acceptable limits vary. Keywords - Environmental toxicology, acid digestion, fl ame atomic absorption spectroscopy, lead, cadmium, chromium, experimental design, Philippines
Threatened Plant Species of Mindoro, Philippines
Authors: VILLANUEVA ELAINE LOREEN C. , BUOT, JR. INOCENCIO E. 
Published: July 2015

There have been some studies on the plant species found in Mindoro, Philippines, but there remains little information in their status particularly at the local level. This paper presents a list of threatened plant species of Mindoro. A list of indicators of the conservation status was formulated for this particular study and was used for categorizing the threatened plant species at the local level. The list recorded 173 threatened plant species from 70 plant families, which are composed of 25 Critically Endangered (CR), 46 Endangered (EN) and 102 Vulnerable (VU) plant species. The species were found to be threatened because of their endemicity, as well as some anthropogenic activities that could lead to the destruction of their habitats and ultimately, their extinction. There are still existing gaps in the knowledge of the flora of Mindoro, and when these gaps are addressed, it is possible that more rare and threatened plants will be added to the list. It is also recommended to utilize the data in the enactment of the laws to address the threats to plant biodiversity loss. Keywords - Botany, threatened plant species, Mindoro, conservation status, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Mindoro, Philippines