bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation Expansion Planning Considering Mass Penetration of Renewable Energy Generation and Supply Reliability
Authors: Manabe Yusuke , Hara Ryoichi , Kita Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYIn the future, renewable energy (RE) generation systems will be constructed and interconnected to the power system by nonutility entities such as generation companies and residential customers. Therefore, generation expansion planning (GEP) should consider the effects of RE generation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the best GEP from the economic, supply reliability, and environmental aspects considering the penetration of RE generation. For this purpose, this paper proposes a model of a utility's GEP process considering RE generation. The proposed method is based on stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) in which long‐term uncertainties are modeled by geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and the binomial lattice process. The variation of RE generation output due to the weather conditions (short‐term uncertainty) is also considered in the proposed method by means of the net load curve.
High prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Cohen‐Solal Alain , Damy Thibaud , Terbah Mohamed , Kerebel Sébastien , Baguet Jean‐Philippe , Hanon Olivier , Zannad Faiez , Laperche Thierry , Leclercq Christophe , Concas Victor , Duvillié Ladan , Darné Bernadette , Anker Stefan , Mebazaa Alexandre 
Published: July 2014

AimsLimited data are available on iron parameters in patients hospitalized for decompensation of chronic heart failure.Methods and resultsIron parameters of patients hospitalized for decompensation of chronic heart failure were prospectively assessed during the 72 h after hospital admission. Iron deficiency was defined according to the 2012 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines. Overall, 411 men (75 ± 12 years; 75% NYHA functional classes III/IV) and 421 women (81 ± 11 years; 71% NYHA classes III/IV) were evaluated. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 69% in men and 75% in women (including 41% and 49% with absolute iron deficiency, respectively). The prevalence of anaemia in men (<13 g/dL) was 68% and in women (<12 g/dL) it was 52%. Among non‐anaemic patients, the prevalence of iron deficiency was 57% in men and 79% in women. Only 9% of patients received iron supplementation at the time of admission (oral, 9%; intravenous, 0.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that anaemia and antiplatelet treatment in men, and diabetes and low C‐reactive protein in women, were independently associated with iron deficiency.ConclusionsIron deficiency is very common in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure, even among non‐anaemic patients. Given the benefit of iron therapy in chronic heart failure, our results emphasize the need to assess iron status not only in chronic heart failure patients, but even more so in those admitted for worsening heart failure, regardless of gender, heart failure severity, or haemoglobin level. Initiating iron therapy in hospitalized heart failure patients needs to be investigated.
Two‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Aminoindolizines from 2‐Alkylpyridines
Authors: Kucukdisli Murat , Opatz Till 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐aminoindolizines by the 5‐exo‐dig cyclization of 2‐alkyl‐1‐(1‐cyanoalkyl)pyridinium salts has been developed. These substrates were prepared by N‐alkylation of 2‐alkylpyridines with readily available cyanohydrin triflates. The method allows the introduction of various substituents at the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, 7‐, and 8‐positions and leaves no undesired acceptor groups in the products.
Analysis of device‐to‐device communications with exclusion regions underlaying 5G networks
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Wang Haibo , Feng Hao , Xing Chengwen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks is an effective way to improve spectral efficiency and alleviate the traffic load of base stations, therefore it is considered as one of the key technologies in the fifth generation mobile communications, also referred to as IMT‐2020. However, it also introduces interference between D2D terminals and cellular users. In this work, we adopt both exclusion regions (ERs) and open‐loop fraction power control (OFPC) to mitigate the D2D‐to‐Cellular interference in a multicell uplink spectrum‐sharing scenario. We derive the closed‐form expressions of outage probability (OP) and area spectral efficiency (ASE) using stochastic geometry, and reveal the impact of the D2D user equipment (DUE) density versus cellular user equipment (CUE) density (in other words, how many DUEs can reuse the resource of a CUE per cell), D2D communication distance, different ER sizes, and of the compensation factor in OFPC. Numerical results show that adopting ERs could both decrease the OP of cellular users and increase the network ASE, and a proper ER radius can be selected by network operators according to their target OP, D2D users' density, and the communication distance of D2D users. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machines that Go ‘Ping’: Medical Technology and Health Expenditures in OECD Countries
Authors: Willemé Peter , Dumont Michel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTechnology is believed to be a major determinant of increasing health spending. The main difficulty to quantify its effect is to find suitable proxies to measure medical technological innovation. This paper's main contribution is the use of data on approved medical devices and drugs to proxy for medical technology. The effects of these variables on total real per capita health spending are estimated using a panel model for 18 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries covering the period 1981–2012. The results confirm the substantial cost‐increasing effect of medical technology, which accounts for almost 50% of the explained historical growth of spending. Despite the overall net positive effect of technology, the effect of two subgroups of approvals on expenditure is significantly negative. These subgroups can be thought of as representing ‘incremental medical innovation’, whereas the positive effects are related to radically innovative pharmaceutical products and devices. A separate time series model was estimated for the USA because the FDA approval data in fact only apply to the USA, while they serve as proxies for the other OECD countries. Our empirical model includes an indicator of obesity, and estimations confirm the substantial contribution of this lifestyle variable to health spending growth in the countries studied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational Studies of Smell and Taste Receptors
Authors: Di Pizio Antonella , Niv Masha Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSmell and taste are among the basic senses with which we perceive the world around us. In addition to enabling recognition of chemical moieties that provide social or nutritional clues, taste and smell receptors are expressed in many extraoral tissues, including the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive systems. It is, therefore, likely that taste and smell receptors have additional physiological roles, which are currently under intensive study. Most of the taste modalities, as well as olfaction, are mediated by G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent breakthroughs in crystallography and signaling studies of GPCRs (celebrated by the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka) provide excellent opportunities for applying this information towards furthering our understanding of taste and smell signaling. No crystal structures of odorant or taste receptors are currently available. However, computational techniques, many of which stem from the pioneering contributions of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureates, Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel, can shed light on the function of taste and olfactory GPCRs. In this review, we highlight examples of iterative combinations of simulation and experiment that were successfully applied toward delineating binding modes of tastants and odorants and toward predicting additional ligands. Further studies are required in order to answer remaining questions regarding receptor promiscuity versus selectivity, the details of receptor coupling to G‐proteins, and the roles of oligomerization and of allosteric modulation in taste and smell transduction.
Measurement of renal cortical thickness using noncontrast‐enhanced steady‐state free precession MRI with spatially selective inversion recovery pulse: Association with renal function
Authors: Noda Yasufumi , Ito Katsuyoshi , Kanki Akihiko , Tamada Tsutomu , Yamamoto Akira , Kazuya Yasokawa , Higaki Atsushi 
Published: July 2014

PurposeTo assess whether noncontrast‐enhanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a spatially selective inversion recovery (IR) pulse can improve the visibility of renal corticomedullary differentiation in patients showing renal dysfunction, and to investigate the correlation between renal cortical thickness and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Materials and MethodsSixty‐five patients with and without chronic kidney diseases (CKD) were investigated. Based on eGFR, patients were divided into three groups (Group 1, eGFR < 60; Group 2, eGFR = 60–90; and Group 3, eGFR > 90). All patients underwent noncontrast‐enhanced SSFP MRI with spatially selective IR pulses and minimal renal cortical thickness was measured.ResultsThe mean corticomedullary contrast ratio was significantly higher in SSFP images with optimal TI than in in‐phase images in all three groups (P = 0.001). Positive correlation was seen between the corticomedullary contrast ratio in SSFP images with optimal TI and eGFR (P = 0.011, r = 0.314). A significantly positive correlation was observed between minimal renal cortical thickness and eGFR (P < 0.01, r = 0.495).ConclusionNoncontrast‐enhanced SSFP MRI with a spatially selective IR pulse using optimal TI can improve the visibility of renal corticomedullary differentiation even in patients with renal insufficiency. The decrease in renal cortical thickness measured using this technique correlated significantly with eGFR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1615–1621. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A statistical method based on remote sensing for the estimation of air temperature in China
Authors: Chen Fengrui , Liu Yu , Liu Qiang , Qin Fen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTEnvironmental applications require accurate air temperature (Tair) datasets with different temporal and spatial resolutions. Existing methods generally improve the estimation accuracy ofTairusing environmental variables as auxiliary data to overcome problems related to sparse metrological stations. However, these data are always fixed and do not comprehensively explain the variations inTairvalues at all temporal and spatial scales. Moreover, these methods seldom consider the spatial heterogeneity of relationships betweenTairand auxiliary data. This heterogeneity is often caused by several factors, such as land type, topography, and climate. This study proposes an estimation method to produce maximum, minimum, and meanTair(Tmax,Tmin, andTmean) datasets at different temporal and spatial resolutions using satellite‐derived digital elevation model data and both nighttime and daytime land surface temperature data as auxiliary data. The method is based on the assumption that the relationships betweenTairand the chosen auxiliary data vary spatially. These relationships were further explored using geographically weighted regression with adaptive bi‐square kernel function. The derived relationships were used to construct aTairestimation model. MonthlyTairdata with 5‐km resolution and 8‐dayTairdata with 1‐km resolution were produced for 2010. The results show that the proposed method can accurately represent the variations inTair; theR2values were in the range of 0.95–0.99 for the monthlyTairdata and 0.93–0.99 for the 8‐dayTairdata. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) for the monthly and 8‐dayTmax,Tmin, andTmeandata of the year 2010 were 1.29 and 1.45 °C, 1.24 and 1.29 °C, and 0.8 and 1.2 °C, respectively. These results were compared with those from other estimation methods, specifically the estimation ofTairbased on multiple linear regression (EATMLR) and regression kriging (EATRK). The proposed method was found to produce RMSEs that were 25–26% smaller than EATMLR and 34–42% smaller than EATRK.
Scapular dyskinesis is detrimental to shoulder tendon properties and joint mechanics in a rat model
Authors: Reuther Katherine E. , Thomas Stephen J. , Tucker Jennica J. , Yannascoli Sarah M. , Caro Adam C. , Vafa Rameen P. , Liu Stephen S. , Gordon Joshua A. , Bhatt Pankti R. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTShoulder tendon injuries are frequently seen in the presence of abnormal scapular motion, termed scapular dyskinesis. The cause and effect relationship between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder injury has not been directly defined. We developed and used an animal model to examine the initiation and progression of pathological changes in the rotator cuff and biceps tendon. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: nerve transection (to induce scapular dyskinesis, SD) or sham nerve transection (control). The animals were euthanized 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Shoulder function and passive joint mechanics were evaluated over time. Tendon mechanical, histological, organizational, and compositional properties were evaluated at both time points. Gross observation demonstrated alterations in scapular motion, consistent with scapular “winging.” Shoulder function, passive internal range of motion, and tendon mechanical properties were significantly altered. Histology results, consistent with tendon pathology (rounded cell shape and increased cell density), were observed, and protein expression of collagen III and decorin was altered. This study presents a new model of scapular dyskinesis that can rigorously evaluate cause and effect relationships in a controlled manner. Our results identify scapular dyskinesis as a causative mechanical mechanism for shoulder tendon pathology. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1436–1443, 2014.
Group Trauma‐Informed Treatment for Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients: A Preliminary Uncontrolled Trial
Authors: Gudiño Omar G. , Weis J. Rebecca , Havens Jennifer F. , Biggs Emily A. , Diamond Ursula N. , Marr Mollie , Jackson Christie , Cloitre Marylene 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDespite high rates of trauma exposure (46%‐96%) and significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 21%–29%) symptoms in adolescent psychiatric inpatients, there is a dearth of research on effective interventions delivered in inpatient settings. The current report describes the development of Brief STAIR‐A, a repeatable 3‐module version of skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation (STAIR) developed for adolescents in inpatient care. An uncontrolled design was used to conduct a preliminary examination of the group intervention's effectiveness. Adolescent psychiatric inpatients (N = 38; ages 12 years–17 years) admitted to a public hospital participated in Brief STAIR‐A and attended a median of 6 sessions (range 3–36). They completed measures of PTSD and depressive symptom severity, coping skill use, and coping efficacy upon admission and again prior to discharge. Participants reported significant reductions in symptom severity (d = 0.65–0.67), no change in the absolute level of coping skills used (d = 0.16), but greater coping efficacy when discharged from care (d = 0.75). Results from this pilot study suggest that this brief group treatment shows promise for treating adolescents’ trauma‐related difficulties in inpatient psychiatry settings, but additional research examining its effectiveness is essential.
The Clinical Spectrum of Autosomal‐Dominant Episodic Ataxias
Authors: Kipfer Stefan , Strupp Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAutosomal‐dominant episodic ataxias (EAs) represent a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of cerebellar ataxia (CA). Ataxia episodes are usually of short duration and often triggered by specific stimuli. There are currently seven classified subtypes of EA. EA types 1 and 2 have the highest prevalence and are therefore the clinically most relevant. Between attacks, EA 1 is associated with myokymia. In EA 2, often an interictal downbeat nystagmus with other cerebellar ocular dysfunctions is present; patients with EA 2 may display slowly progessive ataxia and vermian atrophy. EA 1 and 2 are both channelopathies, affecting the potassium channel gene, KCNA1, in EA 1 and the PQ calcium channel‐encoding gene, CACNA1A, in EA 2. The types EA 3 to 7 are very rare and have to be further elucidated. Here, we review the historical, clinical, and genetic aspects of autosomal‐dominant EAs and their current treatment, focusing on EA 1 and 2.
Supercharging of delayed pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, is it a viable option?
Authors: Vosburg R. Wesley , White Michael J. , Heckler Frederick R. 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionArterial and venous insufficiency may become evident even in delayed pedicled TRAM flaps. This study assesses the possibility of using the previously ligated deep inferior epigastric vessels for microvascular supercharging during reconstruction.MethodsTwenty‐two patients underwent delay by ligation of the inferior epigastric vessels prior to TRAM flap breast reconstruction. The deep inferior epigastric vessels were excised at the time of reconstruction 10–14 days after delay and microscopically examined for vascular compromise that might prevent use in microvascular anastomosis at the time of reconstruction.Results20/22 (91%) of the deep inferior epigastric vessels (20 arteries and accompanying veins) showed clot immediately adjacent to the ligature only and 2/22 (9%) showed clot extending only 5–10 mm. None of these vessels (0%) showed clot in the distal 2 cm of their length (adjacent to the flap). Evidence of intramural hematoma, delamination, and endothelial abnormalities were not found in any of the vessels. An additional patient who was a 48‐year‐old female underwent bilateral pedicled TRAM flap breast reconstruction and one of the flaps exhibited inadequate capillary refill intraoperatively after transfer to the mastectomy defect. Supercharging of the flap utilizing the previously ligated inferior epigastric artery improved capillary refill and the flap survived completely postoperatively.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate patency of the inferior epigastric vessels after ligation for TRAM delay during the time frame usually used for delay to take effect. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:204–206, 2015.
Achieving High‐Conversion Bulk ATRP with Good Livingness and Well Controlled by Design and Optimization of Polymerization Temperature Profile
Authors: Mohammad Rabea Ali , Zhu Shiping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractControlled radical polymerization (CRP) such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is often conducted in solution processes and stopped at medium monomer conversions to yield well controlled polymer samples. A great challenge lies in running bulk CRP up to high conversions but still retaining system livingness and molecular weight control. In this work, we demonstrate the achievement of good living and well controlled high‐conversion bulk ATRP by means of design and optimizing polymerization thermal histories. The initiator‐for‐continues‐activator‐regeneration (ICAR) ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is used as a model system. Employing step functions in temperature, MMA conversions are pushed up to 98% and the PMMA samples possess polydispersities <1.3. Chain extension experiments confirm good livingness of synthesized polymers collected at high conversions.
Stochastic finite elements of discretely parameterized random systems on domains with boundary uncertainty
Authors: Kundu A. , Adhikari S. , Friswell M. I. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe problem of representing random fields describing the material and boundary properties of the physical system at discrete points of the spatial domain is studied in the context of linear stochastic finite element method. A randomly parameterized diffusion system with a set of independent identically distributed stochastic variables is considered. The discretized parametric fields are interpolated within each element with multidimensional Lagrange polynomials and integrated into the weak formulation. The proposed discretized random‐field representation has been utilized to express the random fluctuations of the domain boundary with nodal position coordinates and a set of random variables. The description of the boundary perturbation has been incorporated into the weak stochastic finite element formulation using a stochastic isoparametric mapping of the random domain to a deterministic master domain. A method for obtaining the linear system of equations under the proposed mapping using generic finite element weak formulation and the stochastic spectral Galerkin framework is studied in detail. The treatment presents a unified way of handling the parametric uncertainty and random boundary fluctuations for dynamic systems. The convergence behavior of the proposed methodologies has been demonstrated with numerical examples to establish the validity of the numerical scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The eXtended finite element method for cracked hyperelastic materials: A convergence study
Authors: Karoui A. , Mansouri K. , Renard Y. , Arfaoui M. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe present work aims to look into the contribution of the extended finite element method for large deformation of cracked bodies in plane strain approximation. The unavailability of sufficient mathematical tools and proofs for such problem makes the study exploratory. First, the asymptotic solution is presented. Then, a numerical analysis is realized to verify the pertinence of solution given by the asymptotic procedure, because it serves as an eXtended finite element method enrichment basis. Finally, a convergence study is carried out to show the contribution of the exploitation of such method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nearly optimal simple explicit MPC controllers with stability and feasibility guarantees
Authors: Holaza J. , Takács B. , Kvasnica M. , Di Cairano S. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryWe consider the problem of synthesizing simple explicit model predictive control feedback laws that provide closed‐loop stability and recursive satisfaction of state and input constraints. The approach is based on replacing a complex optimal feedback law by a simpler controller whose parameters are tuned, off‐line, to minimize the reduction of the performance. The tuning consists of two steps. In the first step, we devise a simpler polyhedral partition by solving a parametric optimization problem. In the second step, we then optimize parameters of local affine feedbacks by minimizing the integrated squared error between the original controller and its simpler counterpart. We show that such a problem can be formulated as a convex optimization problem. Moreover, we illustrate that conditions of closed‐loop stability and recursive satisfaction of constraints can be included as a set of linear constraints. Efficiency of the method is demonstrated on two examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.