bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indonesian palm oil towards sustainability: a system dynamic approach
Authors: Okarda B , Purnomo H , Juniyanti L , Kusumadewi S D , Nadhira S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The role of Indonesian palm oil in economic development and environmental degradation is a highly debated topic. Palm oil is essential to national development in Indonesia by providing a livelihood for millions of smallholder growers, plantations, and industries labor; it also contributes to national revenue from domestic and global trade. However, the growth of the palm oil industry also brings negative environmental impacts. The expansion of oil palm plantations is considered as one of major drivers for deforestation, peatland draining, and fire, leading to biodiversity decline, habitat loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we develop a system dynamic modelcalled SIPOS (Simulation of Indonesian Palm Oil Sustainability) to understand the current dynamic of the palm oil value chain to the economy and environment. We simulate the future condition of the palm oil sector with sustainability interventions such as intensification, implementation of No Deforestation, No Peat, and No Exploitation (NDPE), and trade. The model simulation result will include various indicators such as plantation extent, palm oil production, deforestation from the palm oil sector, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and revenue from the palm oil trade. This study aims to show the use of a system dynamic model for sustainability scenario development, simulate multiple scenarios, measure the impact on the economy and environment, and then compare the benefits and disadvantages of each scenario.
Numerical analysis of the mechanics of foreign particle entry on automotive turbocharger compressor blades
Authors: Pai Anand , Singh Anshul , Rodriguez-Millan Marcos , Mangrule Adwait , Shenoy B Satish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Automotive turbochargers, essential for enhancing intake air pressure and boosting torque in internal combustion engines, operate at exceptionally high rotational speeds of approximately 100,000 to 300,000 rpm. Despite the implementation of dual or triple air filtration systems to filter contaminants, neglected maintenance can lead to clogged filters, resulting in the ingestion of metallic filter mesh, and other small-sized objects from filter indicators, washers, and plastic components into the turbocharger assembly. The current study explores the impact of foreign particles on the mechanics of turbocompressor impeller blades in automotive turbochargers through a computational approach. A finite element model of the turbocompressor wheel was developed with suitable boundary conditions for the turbocompressor and the foreign particle. A Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was employed using a Taguchi L12 orthogonal array to optimize the multiple parameters during the foreign particle impact. The study considered two geometric shapes of the foreign particle (conical with unit aspect ratio and hemispherical), two sizes, and two rotational speeds ranging from 150,000 to 250,000 rpm. ANSYS Explicit Dynamics® software was utilized for the numerical simulations to simulate the mechanics of foreign particle entry and the resulting damage on compressor blades.
The ‘Fabulous Decade’
Authors: Fossati Marta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a comparative, synchronic analysis of selected short stories and hybrid articles by Can Themba and Alex La Guma, published in local magazines like the iconic Drum in the first decades of apartheid. It also interrogates the viability of Njabulo Ndebele’s critical assessment of Black fiction as ‘spectacular’ literature. The chapter explores the diverse print culture in 1950s South Africa—as the main channel for the circulation of short stories—which played a fundamental role in shaping the debate centred around ethics, aesthetics, and politics in that decade. To foreground the political import of definitions of the ‘literary’ in the first decades of apartheid, the chapter also discusses Nadine Gordimer’s early short fiction published in the prestigious New Yorker in the same years.
Legacy, Lineage, and lignes de fuite
Authors: Lawlor Hannie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores the narrative dynamics of intergenerational stories where the author articulates a personal loss alongside a trauma suffered by the previous generation. It investigates the tensions between identification and separation that come to the fore in Nicole Lapierre’s Sauve qui peut la vie (Save Your Life If You Can) (2015), in which she interweaves her family’s persecution during the Holocaust with the post-war suicides of her mother and sister, and Gabriela Ybarra’s El comensal (The Dinner Guest) (2015), which recounts the murder of Ybarra’s grandfather by Basque separatist organization ETA and the loss of her mother to cancer. From the starkly different pictures the texts paint of the links between these traumatic histories, the chapter interrogates the matter of agency or lack thereof in family stories in the face of intergenerational transmission.
Secular trends in frailty among community-dwelling 75–95-year-old cohorts over three decades in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Pitkälä Kaisu H , Aalto Ulla L , Roitto Hanna-Maria , Öhman Hanna R , Lehti Tuuli L , Knuutila Mia T , Kautiainen Hannu , Tilvis Reijo , Strandberg Timo E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Frailty Index (FI) reflects health, functioning and well-being of older people. It is valuable to compare how frailty has changed over time in ageing cohorts. This study aims to examine trends in frailty among 75–95-year-old men and women over three decades.

Methods
The Helsinki Ageing Study started in 1989 and includes repeated cross-sectional postal surveys every 10 years examining community-dwelling cohorts of older people (75, 80, 85, 90 and 95 years). FI comprises the same 36 items in each cohort.

Results
The mean FI was 0.22 (SD 0.12), 0.25 (SD 0.15), 0.26 (SD 0.15) and 0.23 (SD 0.15) in 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019, respectively (P for linearity for crude values .11). Adjusted for age and sex, the four cohorts differed in their frailty the 2019 cohort having the lowest FI. This sex-adjusted difference was seen among 75-, 80-, 85- and 90-year-olds but not among 95-year-olds. FI decreased more among men than women (P for cohort &lt;.001, P for sex &lt;.01, P for interaction = .19).

Conclusions
The prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling individuals aged 75, 80, 85 and 90 years—but not among those aged 95 years—has significantly decreased over the last decades. This positive trend may have important implications for health policies in societies with increasing longevity.
Caveats regarding the test-negative design to study mpox risk factors and vaccine effectiveness
Authors: Núñez Isaac 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The test-negative design (TND) has been commonly used to study vaccine effectiveness (notably regarding COVID-19 and influenza vaccines) and recently has been proposed as a valid design to study causal risk factors of diseases during an outbreak. In April 2022, there was a worldwide outbreak of mpox (formerly called monkeypox) that resulted in an international public health emergency. The TND has been used in a few studies to investigate vaccine effectiveness and risk factors of mpox, using epidemiologic databases. However, several issues prevent such a study design from being valid for this purpose. Problems stem from stigma surrounding mpox, which affects a person’s decision to seek health care. This poses a challenge to the similar health care–seeking behavior assumption that is central for test-negative studies. Further limitations include the differential diagnoses of mpox, which have notable differences from mpox that may be easily detected by clinicians or patients but are unlikely to be included in epidemiologic databases or electronic health records. Herein, the caveats regarding the use of the TND are discussed in the context of the mpox outbreak, as well as potential steps that may allow it to be used effectively.
Sex Matters: Association with Superager Classification and Risk Factors
Authors: McPhee Matthew D , McKetton Larissa , LaPlume Annalise , Troyer Angela K , Anderson Nicole D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Superagers are 80 to 89-year-olds with average or better cognition and memory equivalent to individuals 20 to 30 years younger. As sex and modifiable lifestyle/health factors influence cognitive aging and dementia risk, we examined their impact on superager status. Data from participants (n = 469; 67% female) aged 80–89 years old were analyzed from an online database that included demographic and dementia risk factors, and performance on tasks assessing working memory, cognitive inhibition, associative memory, and set shifting. Cross-sectional comparisons were made between superagers and those with typical-for-age cognitive abilities (typical-agers) to examine relationships between sex, superager status, and dementia risk factors. Females performed better than age-matched males on the associative memory task in the 50–69 years old group used for normative comparisons, and in the 80–89 years old group (ps &lt; .001). More females than males were classified as superagers using non-sex-stratified normative comparisons (p = .009), and in sex-stratified normative comparisons (p = .022). Total weighted dementia risk reduced odds of superager status (OR = 0.199, 95% CI [0.046, 0.829]). Other lifestyle dementia risk factors were unrelated to superager status or could not be tested due to low endorsement. The findings support observations that superaging is more common in females, even when controlling for sex differences in memory performance. Future studies of superagers should account for sex differences. Results support being ambitious about dementia prevention, as having fewer modifiable dementia risk factors may be positively associated with superager status.
TCR clustering by contrastive learning on antigen specificity
Authors: Pertseva Margarita , Follonier Oceane , Scarcella Daniele , Reddy Sai T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Effective clustering of T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences could be used to predict their antigen-specificities. TCRs with highly dissimilar sequences can bind to the same antigen, thus making their clustering into a common antigen group a central challenge. Here, we develop TouCAN, a method that relies on contrastive learning and pretrained protein language models to perform TCR sequence clustering and antigen-specificity predictions. Following training, TouCAN demonstrates the ability to cluster highly dissimilar TCRs into common antigen groups. Additionally, TouCAN demonstrates TCR clustering performance and antigen-specificity predictions comparable to other leading methods in the field.
MPEK: a multitask deep learning framework based on pretrained language models for enzymatic reaction kinetic parameters prediction
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Yang Zhijiang , Chen Chang , Yao Ge , Wan Xiukun , Bao Shaoheng , Ding Junjie , Wang Liangliang , Jiang Hui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Enzymatic reaction kinetics are central in analyzing enzymatic reaction mechanisms and target-enzyme optimization, and thus in biomanufacturing and other industries. The enzyme turnover number (kcat) and Michaelis constant (Km), key kinetic parameters for measuring enzyme catalytic efficiency, are crucial for analyzing enzymatic reaction mechanisms and the directed evolution of target enzymes. Experimental determination of kcat and Km is costly in terms of time, labor, and cost. To consider the intrinsic connection between kcat and Km and further improve the prediction performance, we propose a universal pretrained multitask deep learning model, MPEK, to predict these parameters simultaneously while considering pH, temperature, and organismal information. Through testing on the same kcat and Km test datasets, MPEK demonstrated superior prediction performance over the previous models. Specifically, MPEK achieved the Pearson coefficient of 0.808 for predicting kcat, improving ca. 14.6% and 7.6% compared to the DLKcat and UniKP models, and it achieved the Pearson coefficient of 0.777 for predicting Km, improving ca. 34.9% and 53.3% compared to the Kroll_model and UniKP models. More importantly, MPEK was able to reveal enzyme promiscuity and was sensitive to slight changes in the mutant enzyme sequence. In addition, in three case studies, it was shown that MPEK has the potential for assisted enzyme mining and directed evolution. To facilitate in silico evaluation of enzyme catalytic efficiency, we have established a web server implementing this model, which can be accessed at http://mathtc.nscc-tj.cn/mpek.
Neural signatures of default mode network subsystems in first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder after 6-week thought induction psychotherapy treatment
Authors: Lu Fengmei , Zhang Jinhua , Zhong Yihua , Hong Lan , Wang Jian , Du Hui , Fang Jiliang , Fan Yangyang , Wang Xiaoling , Yang Yang , He Zongling , Jia Chen , Wang Weidong , Lv Xueyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Evidence indicates that the default mode network (DMN) plays a crucial role in the neuropathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neural signatures of DMN subsystems in MDD after low resistance Thought Induction Psychotherapy (TIP) remain incompletely understood. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 20 first-episode, drug-naive MDD and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The DMN was segmented into three subsystems and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was computed. After 6-week treatment, the significantly reduced FCs with the medial temporal lobe memory subsystem in MDD at baseline were enhanced and were comparable to that in HCs. Changed Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were significantly related with changed FC between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the right precuneus (PCUN). Further, changed serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were significantly correlated with changed FCs between the PCC and the left PCUN, between the posterior inferior parietal lobule and the left inferior temporal gyrus, and between the retrosplenial cortex and the right inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part. Finally, the support vector machine obtained an accuracy of 67.5% to distinguish between MDD at baseline and HCs. These findings may deepen our understanding of the neural basis of the effects of TIP on DMN subsystems in MDD.
Timing of SMN replacement therapies in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chaytow Helena , Motyl Anna A L , Huang Yu-Ting , Wong Charis , Currie Gillian L , Bahor Zsanett , Sena Emily , Gillingwater Thomas H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mutations in the Survival of Motor Neuron 1 gene lead to a loss of survival motor neuron protein in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Revolutionary advances in gene therapy have led to survival motor neuron-replacement therapies that significantly prolong life expectancy and improve neuromuscular function. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the timing of survival motor neuron-replacement therapies is a critical determinant of success. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all pre-clinical studies testing survival motor neuron replacement therapies in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy to assess the impact of timing of delivery on therapeutic effectiveness. We incorporated four databases in this pre-registered study (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020200180): EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were; primary research article, a measure of survival analysis, use of survival motor neuron mouse model and evaluation of survival motor neuron-targeting therapy. Exclusion criteria included; use of therapies not known to directly target survival motor neuron, genetic manipulations and/or lack of appropriate controls. We screened papers using the SyRF platform. The main outcome we assessed was survival in treated groups compared to untreated groups. We performed meta-analysis of survival using median survival ratio and the random effects model and measured heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess treatment efficacy based on timing of intervention (embryonic delivery, day of birth, postnatal day 2 and postnatal day 3 or later) and treatment type. If detailed in the studies, body weight compared to untreated spinal muscular atrophy models and motor neuron number were included as secondary outcomes for meta-analysis. 3469 studies were initially identified, with 78 ultimately included. Survival motor neuron-replacement therapies significantly affected survival in favour of treatment by a factor of 1.20 (95% CI 1.10–1.30, P &lt; 0.001) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95%). Timing of treatment was a significant source of heterogeneity (P &lt; 0.01), with earlier treatment having a greater impact on survival. When stratified by type of treatment, earlier treatment continued to have the strongest effect with viral vector replacement therapy and antisense oligonucleotide therapy. Secondary outcome measures of body weight and spinal motor neuron counts were also positively associated with early treatment. Earlier delivery of survival motor neuron replacement therapies is therefore a key determinant of treatment efficacy in spinal muscular atrophy.
Prognostic utility of exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Brown James T , Virsinskaite Ruta , Kotecha Tushar , Steeden Jennifer A , Fontana Marianna , Karia Nina , Schreiber Benjamin E , Ong Voon H , Denton Christopher P , Coghlan J Gerry , Muthurangu Vivek , Knight Daniel S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Systemic sclerosis complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) is a rare condition with poor prognosis. The majority of patients are categorized as intermediate risk of mortality. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is well placed to reproducibly assess right heart size and function, but most patients with SSc-PAH have less overtly abnormal right ventricles than other forms of PAH. The aim of this study was to assess if exercise CMR measures of cardiac size and function could better predict outcome in patients with intermediate risk SSc-PAH compared with resting CMR.

Methods and results
Fifty patients with SSc-PAH categorized as intermediate risk underwent CMR-augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Most patients had normal CMR-defined resting measures of right ventricular (RV) size and function. Nine (18%) patients died during a median follow-up period of 2.1 years (range 0.1–4.6). Peak exercise RV indexed end-systolic volume (ESVi) was the only CMR metric to predict prognosis on stepwise Cox regression analysis, with an optimal threshold &lt; 39 mL/m2 to predict favourable outcome. Intermediate-low risk patients with peak RVESVi &lt; 39 mL/m2 had significantly better survival than all other combinations of intermediate-low/-high risk status and peak RVESVi&lt; or ≥39 mL/m2. In our cohort, ventilatory efficiency and resting oxygen consumption (VO2) were predictive of mortality, but not peak VO2, peak cardiac output, or peak tissue oxygen extraction.

Conclusion
Exercise CMR assessment of RV size and function may help identify SSc-PAH patients with poorer prognosis amongst intermediate risk cohorts, even when resting CMR appears reassuring, and could offer added value to clinical PH risk stratification.
First-in-men experience with a novel frozen elephant trunk prosthesis featuring an endovascular side branch for left subclavian artery connection
Authors: Folkmann Sandra , Arnold Zsuzsanna , Geisler Daniela , Lenz Verena , Miosga David , Harrer Marieluise , Trnka Hubert , Eller Rene , Aschacher Thomas , Winkler Bernhard , Czerny Martin , Weiss Gabriel , Grabenwöger Martin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to enhance the efficiency of aortic arch replacement through the development of a novel frozen elephant trunk (FET) prosthesis with an endovascular side branch for left subclavian artery (LSA) connection. After successful pre-clinical testing, the feasibility and safety of implementing this innovative prosthesis in human subjects were investigated.

METHODS
Between September 2020 and September 2021, 4 patients (mean age 67) with conditions such as penetrating ulcer, non A–non B aortic dissection and chronic arch aneurysm underwent surgery utilizing the customized device. Surgeries were performed under high moderate hypothermia (27°C), employing bilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) and distal aortic perfusion. Anastomosis of the FET prosthesis with the aortic arch occurred in zone 1, followed by separate reimplantation of the left common carotid artery and the brachiocephalic artery.

RESULTS
All patients were discharged in good clinical condition. The mean aortic cross-clamp, antegrade selective cerebral perfusion and distal aortic perfusion times were 111, 71 and 31 min, respectively. Endovascular extension of the side branch for the LSA was required in all cases to prevent endoleak formation. One patient received a stent graft extension at the end of the operation, while 2 others underwent the procedure during their hospital stay. One patient was diagnosed with an endoleak at the first follow-up after 3 months, and endoleak sealing was achieved via the brachial artery with an extension stent graft.

CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary clinical outcomes suggest that the newly designed FET prosthesis shows promise in simplifying total arch replacement. These initial findings provide a foundation for planned clinical studies to further assess the effectiveness of this modified surgical hybrid graft, with particular attention to the length and diameter of the LSA sidearm.
Word of caution: early life-threatening complication linked to pulmonary flow restrictors
Authors: Haddad Raymond N , Faraji Hanan , Kasem Mohamed , El Rassi Issam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 2-month-old female (3.4 kg, 50 cm) with Down syndrome and left-to-right shunting congenital heart defects underwent an unsuccessful transcatheter ductal closure, followed by bilateral implantation of manually modified microvascular plugs (MVP-9Q) from Medtronic (Minneapolis, MN, USA), used as pulmonary flow restrictors. Post-procedure, she developed febrile respiratory distress, leading to admission to the intensive care unit. Despite initial improvement, she was readmitted with respiratory syncytial virus infection, progressing to bilateral pneumonic consolidation. Subsequent complications included pulmonary artery aneurysmal dilatation attributed to pulmonary flow restrictors, which necessitated urgent surgery two months after their implantation. The surgery involved removing the pulmonary flow restrictors and repairing the injuries to the pulmonary artery, followed by management with extracorporeal support and targeted antibiotics. The patient recovered over 12 months.