bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of hospital visit stress on physiologic variables in dogs
Authors: Bragg Ryan F. , Bennett Jennifer S. , Cummings Annelise , Quimby Jessica M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate differences in pulse rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and systolic arterial blood pressure in dogs between the home and veterinary hospital environments.
Design—Prospective observational study.
Animals—30 client-owned healthy dogs.
Procedures—Study dogs had respiratory rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature, and systolic arterial blood pressure measured in their home environment. Dogs were then transported to the veterinary hospital, and measurements were repeated.
Results—Significant differences in blood pressure, rectal temperature, and pulse rate were observed between measurements obtained in the home and hospital environments. Mean blood pressure increased by 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8% to 24%), rectal temperature increased by < 1% (95% CI, 0.1% to 0.6%), and pulse rate increased by 11% (95% CI, 5.3% to 17.6%). The number of dogs panting in the hospital environment (19/30 [63%]) was significantly higher than the number of dogs panting in the home environment (5/30 [17%])
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggested that practitioners should consider stress from transportation and environmental change when canine patients have abnormalities of vital signs on initial examination, and the variables in question should be rechecked before a definitive diagnosis of medical illness is reached or extensive further workup is pursued.
Double pigtail ureteral stenting and renal pelvic lavage for renal-sparing treatment of obstructive pyonephrosis in dogs: 13 cases (2008–2012)
Authors: Kuntz Jodi A. , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick W. , Bagley Demetrius H. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Objective—To describe the technical aspects and clinical outcome of endoscopic- and fluoroscopic-guided ureteropelvic lavage and ureteral stent placement for treatment of obstructive pyonephrosis in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—13 client-owned dogs (14 obstructed ureters).
Procedures—All patients with obstructive pyonephrosis were treated with a ureteral stent. Medical records were reviewed for history, clinical signs, pre- and postprocedural clinical and imaging data, and short- and long-term outcomes.
Results—13 dogs (14 ureters) had unilateral or bilateral ureteral obstructions and pyonephrosis due to ureterolithiasis (n = 13) or a suspected ureteral stricture (1). Eleven dogs had positive results of bacteriologic culture of urine obtained from the bladder, renal pelvis, or both. Ten were thrombocytopenic, and 8 were azotemic. Stents were placed fluoroscopically with endoscopic (n = 11) or surgical (3) assistance. Median hospitalization time was 48 hours (range, 6 to 260 hours). Median follow-up time was 480 days (range, 2 to 1,460 days). Intraoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (stent occlusion from shearing of a guide wire, and wire penetration of the ureter at the location of a stone). Short-term complications included a bladder hematoma (n = 1) and transient dysuria (1). Long-term complications included stent encrustation (n = 1), stent migration (1), and tissue proliferation at the ureterovesicular junction (5), which had no clinical implications. Recurrent urinary tract infections were documented in 7 dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ureteral stenting was a successful renal-sparing treatment for obstructive pyonephrosis in dogs and could often be performed in a minimally invasive manner. There were few major complications. This technique may be considered as an effective treatment option for this condition in dogs.
Unilateral choristoma of the nictitating membrane in a horse
Authors: Gornik Kara R. , Pirie Christopher G. , Beamer Gillian L. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Case Description—A 2-year-old Morgan mare was evaluated because of a corneal ulceration.
Clinical Findings—An irregular, deep stromal corneal ulcer in an area of malacia was noted in the left eye. Hypopyon was present in the ventral portion of the anterior chamber with moderate aqueous flare. The nictitating membrane of the left eye had hairs originating from its leading edge that contacted the corneal surface.
Treatment and Outcome—General anesthesia was induced, and a bulbar pedicle conjunctival graft was performed. The conjunctiva at the leading edge of the nictitating membrane, including the aberrant hair follicles, was excised. Microscopically, a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, sebaceous glands, and hair shafts were present, confirming a choristoma of pilosebaceous origin at the leading edge of the nictitating membrane. Six weeks after surgery, the horse had no signs of discomfort, with no regrowth of the hairs; no loss of vision was evident.
Clinical Relevance—Ocular choristomas develop secondary to defective fetal cellular differentiation and are rarely reported in the equine literature. The choristoma in this horse contained ectopic hair follicles with hair growth as well as sebaceous glands. This finding emphasizes the importance of a thorough adnexal examination in horses with corneal disease.
Sensitivity and specificity of repeated test results from a commercial milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle
Authors: Lavers Carrie J. , Dohoo Ian R. , McKenna Shawn L. B. , Keefe Greg P. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of results of initial and repeated milk ELISAs (at 6- or 12-month intervals) to detect cows that were shedding Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (ie, were infectious) and to evaluate factors influencing the probability that the results of a repeated milk ELISA would be positive for an infectious cow if the results of the initial milk ELISA were negative.
Design—Prospective cohort study.
Animals—3,145 dairy cows from 32 herds.
Procedures—Herds from the 3 Maritime provinces in Canada (Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia), participating in a Dairy Herd Improvement program, and that had undergone a prior Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis awareness project were selected for the study. Sample collection occurred between April 2009 and March 2011 with milk and fecal samples collected from all lactating cows in study herds every 6 months. Herds completing < 3 herd visits with collection of individual cow fecal or milk samples, within this sampling timeframe, were excluded from analyses. Fecal samples were cultured in liquid medium and a cow was defined as infectious if ≥ 1 sample was culture positive (reference test). A milk ELISA (index test) was completed with a commercial kit, following manufacturer's instructions.
Results—For a 6-month test interval, sensitivities of the milk ELISA to detect infectious cows were 22.0% and 32.6% for initial and combined initial and repeated tests (parallel interpretation), respectively. Specificity of the initial ELISA was 99.6% and was 99.2% for combined tests. For a 12-month test interval, sensitivities of the milk ELISA to detect infectious cows were 25.6% and 45.3% for initial and combined initial and repeated tests (parallel interpretation), respectively. Specificity of the initial ELISA was 99.6% and was 98.9% for combined tests. In infectious cows, magnitude of the initial negative ELISA result was a positive predictor for a positive repeated ELISA result.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of a repeated milk ELISA improved detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infectious cows, with minimal loss of specificity. A 12-month test interval provided a greater increase in sensitivity, relative to an initial test, than did a 6-month interval. Infectious cows with an initial negative milk ELISA result close to the cutoff for a positive test were more likely to have positive results on a repeated ELISA. Repeated testing improved detection of infectious cows and reduced risk of misclassification compared with a single ELISA result.
Utilization Pattern of Personal Protective Equipment among Industrial Workers of Nawalparasi, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Shiva Raj 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: With industrialization, radical alterations in the life of many rapidly developing countries are visible. Lack of well designed and appropriate safety measures leads to serious adverse health consequences to the workforce. The concept of occupational safety and health is still new in Nepal. The main objective of the study was to assess the utilization of personal protective equipment among industrial workers in Chaudhary Group Industrial Estate, Nawalparasi.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 187 workers of five industries (Beer, Rio, Chesseball, Chips and Wafer) of Chaudhary Group Industrial Estate, Nawalparasi.Results: Mean age of the workers involved was 34.09 years (SD: ±8.650). Nine out of ten (87.2%) workers used any kind of PPE while working in worksite. Association of use of personal protective equipment with gender and encourage to use of personal protective equipment were statistically significant while income, educational status, age and working experience remained insignificant.Conclusion: Majority of the workers used the personal protective equipment in Chaudhary Group of Industry. All workers of the industry should be aware on the use of personal protective equipment to get protected from any kind of adverse health effects/hazards during while working in the industry.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v13i2.11833
A simple procedure for estimating SN-lines for crack initiation from SN-lines for total failure*
Authors: Sonsino Cetin Morris 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A simple procedure is proposed for estimating the SN-line for the failure criterion of fatigue life to crack initiation of components not subjected to a surface treatment. The prerequisite is the availability of a SN-line for total failure, i. e. rupture, with the scatter-band Tσ between the probabilities of survival Ps = 10 and 90 %, the knee point Nk and the slopes kf and k* before and after the knee point. The SN-line for crack initiation with Ps = 50 % is positioned at the knee point Nk of the SN-line with Ps = 90 % for total failure. The slope kcr for N < Nk cycles results from the exponent of the elastic portion of the strain controlled SN-line for crack initiation, obtained with unnotched specimens, and the slope k* after the knee point remains the same as that for the line for total failure. The SN-line for crack initiation possesses the same scatter-band Tσ as the line for total failure.
Design, manufacture and analysis of composite epoxy material with embedded silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles/fibers
Authors: Aldosari Saad M. , Hedia Hassan S. , Hamed Mostafa A. , Khashaba Usama A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The main objective of the presented study is to improve the performance of composite structures by introducing nanoparticles/fibers in the epoxy resin. The literature on this issue showed shortcomings in the investigations of such materials. Most of the investigations in this field are to enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy materials, which cannot be used alone for high performance structural applications due to their low mechanical properties. In the present work, the epoxy resin was modified with these different types of nanofillers such as silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles. The nanophased epoxy was used to fabricate different types of nanocomposites as well as nano-hybridized glass fiber reinforced composite laminates. Therefore, nine different advanced materials have been fabricated including two nanocomposite materials (SiC/E and Al2O3/E), two quasi-isotropic nano-hybridized composite laminates (QI-GFR/SiC/E and QI-GFR/Al2O3/E), two unidirectional nano-hybridized composite laminates (UD-GFR/SiC/E and UD-GFR/Al2O3/E), and three control panels manufactured without nanofillers (neat epoxy, QI-GFR/E, UD-GFR/E). The materials were characterized under tension and compression. The results showed improvements in the tensile and compressive properties (strength and modulus) of the fabricated nanocomposites (SiC/E, and Al2O3/E) compared with neat epoxy. The hybridized composite laminate with Al2O3 showed high improvements in its mechanical properties compared to the composite laminates without nanofillers. In contrast, discouraging mechanical properties were observed for SiC hybridized composite laminate. Due to the many variables studied in the present work, the literature list will be long. The investigated parameters include nanofillers, nanocomposites, nano-hybridized advanced composite laminates, mechanical properties, glass transition temperature (Tg), bolted joint parameters and sonication parameters.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-5Cr-1.4B alloy
Authors: Gu Jian , Fu Hanguang , Lei Yongping , Ma Shengqiang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The microstructures and mechanical properties of a Fe-Cr-B alloy containing 1.4 wt.-% B and 5.0 wt.-% Cr were researched after different heat treatment processes. The results indicate that the as-cast microstructure of the Fe-5Cr-1.4B alloy consists of M2B (M = Fe, Cr), M7(C,B)3, α-Fe and γ-Fe. The netlike eutectic M2B phase is distributed in the matrix. After water quenching, the netlike eutectic M2B phase begins to fracture, the metallic matrix transforms into martensite and secondary M23(C,B)6 borocarbides are precipitated. When the quenching temperature exceeds 1050 °C, the number of precipitated secondary borocarbides is reduced. After quenching, the macro- and microhardness of the samples increase with the increase of temperature, and the hardness reaches a maximum value at 1050 °C. When the temperature exceeds 1050 °C, the hardness value will slightly decrease. After tempering treatment, the matrix precipitates as miniature secondary borocarbides, and the martensite begins to soften, and the hardness is lower compared to that quenched by heat treatment. The decreasing hardness tendency becomes more pronounced with the increase of the tempering temperature. Moreover, the impact toughness reaches its maximum value (7.35 J × cm−2) when the tempering temperature ranges at 500 °C.
A discrete dislocation technique for fatigue microcracks (Part I)
Authors: Močilnik Vinko , Gubeljak Nenad 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The present contribution in two continuations summarizes the contents and findings from the latest articles in the field of numerical modeling of initiation and the propagation of micro-cracks within crystalline material by the method of discrete dislocations. The discrete nature of the phenomenon of crack initiation in the crystal grain lattice, the fatigue crack propagation within the crystalline grains and theinfluence of the vicinity of the grain boundary on its propagation and its arrest were discussed, respectively. In accordance with the method of discrete dislocations, an explanation of the reasons for lifetime increase of torsion subjected specimens was provided. The lifetime of the specimens was increased by means of pre-stress compression in axial direction.
Surface roughness analysis and optimization for the CNC milling process by the desirability function combined with the response surface methodology
Authors: Esme Ugur 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The present study is aimed for an optimization strategy for the CNC pocket millingprocess based on the desirability function approach (DFA) combined with the response surface methodology (RSM). Firstly, the milling parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are designed using the rotatable central composite design (CCD). The AISI 1050 medium carbon steel is machined by a flat end 8 mm high speed steel (HSS) tool on a zigzag cutting path under air flow condition. The influence of milling parameters is examined. Secondly, the model for the surface roughness, as a function of milling parameters, is obtained using the RSM. Finally, the power and adequacy of the quadratic mathematical model has been proven by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The results indicate that the feed rate is the dominant factor affecting the surface roughness, which is minimized when the feed rate and depth of cut are set to the experimental range. A high correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.99 has been obtained between the predicted and the experimental surface roughness. This reveals that the prediction system established in this study produces satisfactory results with an improved performance compared to other models in the literature. The enhanced method proposed in this study can be readily applied to different metal cutting processes with greater confidence.
Performance of organic and inorganic substances as inhibitors for chloride-induced corrosion in concrete
Authors: Aydin Özlem , Çizmeciglu Zeki 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Studies have been carried out to investigate the concrete corrosion inhibitor performance of silica fume admixture and an admixture of amino alcohols containing organic and inorganic substances. The concrete specimens with and without admixtures were subjected to accelerated corrosion tests to determine the time to corrosion initiation. The results showed that the specimens admixtured with nitrogen containing organic and inorganic inhibitors performed slightly better than concrete specimens with silica fume admixture.
Modellbasierte Korrelation zwischen dem elektrischen Widerstand und der Versetzungsstruktur des ermüdungsbeanspruchten ICE-Radstahls R7
Authors: Starke Peter , Walther Frank 
Published: January 2015

Kurzfassung
Eine gewichtsoptimierte Bauteilauslegung und ausfallsichere Abschätzung der Lebensdauer metallischer Werkstoffe sowie Bauteile setzen ein umfassendes Verständnis der Ermüdungsvorgänge und eine systematische Untersuchung des Ermüdungsverhaltens voraus. Dies wird umso bedeutender, wenn es um die Auslegung hochbeanspruchter komplexer Bauteilgeometrien geht, wie sie im Rad-Schiene-System im Hochgeschwindigkeitspersonenverkehr eingesetzt werden. Zur Charakterisierung des Ermüdungsverhaltens und der strukturmechanischen Prozesse werden üblicherweise mechanische Spannungs-Dehnungs-Hysteresis-Messungen, aber zunehmend auch verschiedene Arten von Temperatur- und elektrischen Widerstandsmessungen eingesetzt. Insbesondere die elektrische Widerstandsmessung führt zu einem wesentlichen Informationsgewinn, da bereits mikrostrukturelle Veränderungen detektiert werden können, die z. B. auf Veränderungen der Versetzungsdichte und -struktur beruhen. Zudem können diese resistiven Messverfahren auch in Einstufenversuchen mit lastfreien Unterbrechungen und in Betriebslastversuchen zur Charakterisierung des Schädigungsverlaufs herangezogen werden. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels wurden für den ICE-Vollradstahl R7 Kennwerte der (spezifischen) elektrischen Widerstandsänderung ermittelt und beanspruchungs- bzw. lastspielzahlabhängig mit der Veränderung der röntgenografisch ermittelten Versetzungsdichte korreliert.
Applying quadraphonic transmission ultrasonic defectoscopy on standard aluminum materials
Authors: Ebersold Zoran , Ćosović Nemanja , Đukić Slobodan , Mitrović Nebojša , Obradović Dragiša 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Quadraphonic transmission ultrasonic defectoscopy (QTUD) is a new method of ultrasound. This paper presents a detailed and systematic view of the measuring procedure that enables the discovery of a necessary optimal balance between, on the one side, efficiency and reliability of the QTUD measuring system, and on the other, minimizing the investment costs in the measuring components precision. This type of defectoscope applies relatively low frequencies of just a few tens of kilohertz that enable the necessary signal penetration during the measuring procedure. This paper shows a defectoscopic examination of the standard aluminum material AlMg3 with a defect that has been purposely created in need of developing the QTUD measuring procedure, whereby varied wave forms and the amplitude levels of signal have been used for the purpose of their optimization.
Fast microwave synthesis and characterization of MgTi2O5
Authors: Çelik Gülşah , Kurtuluş Figen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Magnesium dititanate, MgTi2O5 was obtained via a microwave synthesis method. Powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric/differantial thermal analysis measurements have been used to characterize the sample.
Rapid synthesis of Mn3O4 powder from pyro-synthesis of ethylene glycol–metal nitrate precursor assisted by nitric acid
Authors: de Abreu Dias Cristiane , Nobre Marcos A. L. , Lopes Mauro C. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The rapid synthesis of Mn3O4 powders by a two-step process of pyro-synthesis of ethylene glycol–metal nitrate precursor assisted by nitric acid is reported. A new strategy that accelerates the synthesis and allows obtaining highly pure crystalline Mn3O4 is discussed. The structural and morphological characteristics of the Mn3O4 powders are presented and discussed. The mechanism of formation of the Mn3O4 is also discussed. In comparison with other synthesis methods, the present method shows that the proposed route of synthesis has the main advantage of high production of the powder material in a very short time.