bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial and fungal microbes associated with cricket rearing systems in the tropics
Authors: Nyombe R.P.M. , Odhiambo B. , Bulli P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
House crickets (Acheta domesticus) and field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) are among the commonly reared insects for human and animal consumption. However, the potential contamination of rearing facilities with microbes poses a serious threat to sustainability of production of these insects, especially in poorer regions of the world where strategies for ensuring microbe-free environments are lacking in most cases. In this study, bacterial and fungal communities associated with cricket-rearing facility under partially controlled conditions were isolated and examined using morphological and molecular marker-based approaches. BLAST analysis of amplified 16S rRNA sequences revealed similarities to the bacterial genera Rickettsiella, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Levilactobacillus, and Aeromonas, while analysis of the ITS sequences revealed similarities to the fungi Pithomyces spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Tetrapisispora spp. Increased mortality and reduced nutritional contents of crickets exposed to the bacterial and fungal microbes were evident. Of notable concern is the contamination of the crickets with spore-forming bacteria and toxin-forming bacteria as well as fungi. Although the levels of mycotoxin were relatively low compared to the threshold set by many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the detection of aflatoxin in both species of crickets is of great concern as any dosage can pose serious health risks to consumers. Strategies to minimize contamination of crickets by entomopathogenic microbes are outlined, and future areas of research are suggested.
Evaluation of black soldier fly larvae and protease supplementation of Lohmann Brown-lite laying hens performance and egg quality
Authors: Facey H.M. , MacIsaac J.L. , Lu J. , Empey M. , Li X. , Collins S.A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Feed costs represent up to 60-70% of the total cost of poultry production, with protein sources being the most expensive feed component. Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) shows promise as a sustainable protein source for use in animal diets. This research was conducted to determine the effects of including up to 13% defatted BSFLM and a supplementary protease-based enzyme (Concentrase-P; CBS Bio Platforms, Inc., Calgary AB, Canada) on laying hen performance and egg quality. To test this objective, 180 Lohmann Brown-Lite hens (52 weeks of age) were fed experimental diets containing 0%, 6.5%, or 13% BSFLM, with or without Concentrase-P (3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments). The treatments were fed over 20 weeks. Results indicated reduced feed intake and body weight in laying hens fed a 13% dietary inclusion level of BSFLM (), while other performance traits (egg production and FCR) were similar among treatments () and met industry performance standards. Shell weight and egg breaking strength did not significantly change with the dietary inclusion level of BSFLM or enzyme inclusion (), although a significant decrease in egg weight and albumen height was noted (), as well as a significant decrease in albumen height for the Concentrase-P treatments (). Yolk colours were significantly lighter and redder in birds fed diets containing high levels of BSFLM (). Results support the use of BSFLM at dietary inclusion levels up to 13% in laying hen diets. Concentrase-P does not appear to be required in combination with BSFLM in terms of growth and laying performance, although potential benefits to other physiological factors are worth consideration.
The Role of Biodiversity-Related Conventions in Developing Regulation of Assisted Species Migration
Authors: Lavrik Maksim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of the most significant effects of anthropogenic climate change is the unprecedented and increasing rate of loss of the world’s biological diversity. One result of that increase is the urgent need to consider the translocation of animals and plants to more suitable habitats to enable them to survive under changing climatic conditions, a process referred to as assisted species migration (ASM). This article seeks to demonstrate how biodiversity-related treaties can enhance the implementation of ASM. It argues that the provisions of the relevant conventions should be applied flexibly to explicitly promote ASM and provide some guidance in respect of its regulation. Further articulation of ASM in documents adopted by the conferences of the parties, the conventions’ secretariats, and the documents produced by the individual parties to the treaties would also be useful as it would raise awareness and contribute to the sharing of information on best practices and related problems.
On the Nexus between Climate Change, Poverty and Failure of Justice
Authors: Umukoro Brown Etareri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Effective delivery of justice – especially in developing countries – is being severely compromised by several factors, one of which is climate change. The article discusses the narrow but important nexus between climate change, poverty and effective justice delivery, with particular reference to the poor and the vulnerable in Nigeria. The article considers the impact of climate change on access to justice from two angles. The first factor is that people cannot access the courts physically due to climate change-induced events such as flooding. The second is that the courts, and the judges themselves, are impeded physically in the functioning and delivering of justice due to climate change-induced events. The article calls on the government to strengthen its laws and harmonise its policies on climate change and poverty eradication for more effective long-term adaptation especially as it relates to poor and vulnerable people.
Ethical Emergency Planning in Animal Research Facilities: Lessons from the Pandemic
Authors: Martin Angela K. , Eggel Matthias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, we discuss the ethics of research suspensions in animal research facilities and the consequent (mis)treatment of laboratory animals during emergencies. Through a case study from Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic, we articulate ethical principles and moral considerations that ought to guide the treatment and care of laboratory animals within animal research facilities during emergencies. They include a principle of preparedness, the importance of recognizing animal laboratory personnel as essential workers and conducting a Harm-Benefit Analysis in the case of an emergency, assigning responsibilities in a clear way, and providing psychological support in the aftermath of an emergency. More generally, we suggest that the pandemic should be taken as a learning opportunity for critically re-evaluating and improving emergency planning within animal research institutions worldwide, in view of mitigating risks to both human and animal well-being in future emergencies.
Lire Le Deuxième Sexe comme un roman
Authors: Leblond Aude 
Published: July 2024

Résumé
Cet article interroge la confusion délibérément entretenue par Simone de Beauvoir entre personne et personnage féminins dans Le Deuxième Sexe. Si les personnages fictifs et les personnes réelles sont mis sur le même plan, c’est que lire en s’identifiant, lire de manière bovaryste, peut fournir une issue à des femmes à qui l’action est interdite. Il y a donc tout à gagner à lire le deuxième volume, L’Expérience vécue, comme un roman, et pas seulement comme un essai philosophique.
Addressing Ethical Issues in Contemporary International Education & Development
Authors: Malik Sakil , Hanson-DeFusco Jessi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Empowered by global movements like Millennium Development Goals (mdg s), Sustainable Development Goals (sdg s), and Education for All (efa), the field of international education policy continues to help improve educational access and quality for millions of children and adult learners worldwide, including those affected by extreme poverty. However, often times the way that educational policy and programming is conducted in global South does not always reflect the positive ideals behind these goals. This piece examines ongoing trends of unethical partnerships, policies, and practices in contemporary international education. Reflecting legacies of neocolonialism and ethnocentricity, these problems can create a toxic development culture and minimize authentic collaboration at all levels. Yet, through engaging in a dialogue about these issues, we may begin to make valuable changes that help foster true partnerships and more effective, sustainable change for those most in need.
The New Draft Agreement on the EU Accession to the echr: Overcoming Luxembourg’s Threshold
Authors: Gragl Paul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The European Union’s accession to the European Convention on Human Rights has now been an ongoing project for decades, and questions have, therefore, rightfully emerged as to when and how it will be completed. After negotiations have been relaunched due to the Court of Justice’s negative Opinion 2/13, it is now time to take stock and examine whether the new Draft Accession Agreement of 2023 will live up to another intense scrutiny by Luxembourg’s judges. To investigate whether this will be the case, I discuss all problems highlighted by the cjeu, namely: the scope of accession and reservations made to the Convention; the co-respondent mechanism; the prior involvement procedure; inter-party cases; advisory opinions under Protocol No 16 to the Convention; the relationship between Article 53 echr and Article 53 of the Charter; the principle of mutual trust; and jurisdiction over the Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy.
A Mediterranean Thesaurus: Substratal Plant Names and Landscape Terms in Latin and Romance (An Experimental Approach)
Authors: Bengtson John D. , Leschber Corinna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper we investigate lexical materials in Latin and Romance that appear to stem from ancient substrata in the Mediterranean. We focus on plant names and landscape related vocabulary, e.g., words for ‘berries’, ‘shrubbery, herbs and trees’, and words for ‘rocky’ and ‘swampy’ terrains, as both of these semantic fields are parts of the lexicon considered to be of very archaic origin. After investigating evidence for potential cognates in languages in the Mediterranean and exploring the geolinguistic distribution of the investigated words, we try to form conclusions about the involved strata and their chronological organization. We identify two important strata: an older Eurafrican layer (Hubschmid 1960) and a widely attested Euskaro-Caucasian layer associated with the arrival of Neolithic farming (see the discussion in Bengtson (2017a/2022, 2017b) and Bengtson/Leschber (2019, 2021, 2022)).
The so-called ‘Mediterranean Thesaurus’ (in memory of Johannes Hubschmid) aims to establish a compilation of lexical data featuring words with unclear or highly disputable etymologies in the languages around the Mediterranean Sea. As a first step, we are collating words in an open-ended table and their geolinguistic/dialect-geographical distribution across the ranges of the Mediterranean languages, some of which are geolinguistically remote areas. We trace two main questions: (a) whether there are characteristic semantic fields that can be more often identified (such as plant names and topography); (b) whether we can highlight typical phonetic features and sound clusters in these words.
Since the period of the Swiss and Italian etymological pioneers of the 20th century (Johannes Hubschmid, Giovanni Alessio, Carlo Battisti, Vittorio Bertoldi, Jakob Jud, Laura Lombardo, Alfredo Trombetti and many others), there has been great scientific progress in human genetics and archaeology that is increasingly revealing the prehistory of the Mediterranean. We recognize the work of these etymologists who – under much more demanding circumstances – offered suggestions about the origin of etymologically difficult words. Several hypotheses have been revisited in order to include or to reject the contribution of a specific substrate to the linguistic substrata of the macro-area. Our aim is to explore the prehistory of the Mediterranean area to understand the ethnogenesis of its peoples and their rootedness in millennia past, and to find evidence for a tentative stratification of substratum languages.
Recent Developments in the Study of Ignatius of Antioch
Authors: Sargent Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article introduces some of the most significant recent developments in scholarship on Ignatius of Antioch. Despite much intense debate over the last three hundred years, the issue of the authentic text of the Ignatian letters remains contentious. Recent research on the intellectual and cultural context of Ignatius’s letters claims both an Hellenistic and an early Jewish influence.
Idea, Action, and Outcome
Authors: Tang Shiping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Idea, action, and outcome are identified as the three key objects of social sciences and are also explained as the key tasks of social sciences. Our failure to grasp the ontological differences between these three objects is shown and the fact that explaining them may require different epistemological stands and methodological tools has been a key cause of the sterility of many epistemological and methodological debates. Explicitly differentiating the three objects and understanding that an explanation is required for these different stands and tools therefore provides us with a better picture of the empirical challenges of social sciences and paves the way toward more scientific progress. This discussion also holds important pedagogical value.
Recontextualizing Max Weber’s Ideal Type
Authors: Sun Yufan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, I recontextualize Weber’s ideal type in the philosophy of natural science and economics in terms of idealization. The goal is to promote the appreciation of this methodology in contemporary social science and improve upon some Weberians’ underdeveloped interpretations. Drawing on Weber’s methodological writing and study of the Protestant ethic, I argue that the philosophy of idealization and Weber’s ideal type share methodological characteristics: both support the selection of a research topic by isolating a particular component of reality and then constructing an imagination based on empirical materials and thought experimentation. By using the imagination as a benchmark, investigators counterfactually and contrastively explain why a particular case was observed as it was, as opposed to other possible outcomes.
The Ports of the Eastern Red Sea Before Islam: A Historical and Cultural Study
Authors: Ghazi Shuaib Marwan bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on tracing the history of the ports in the eastern Red Sea since ancient times. It documents the history of the most important of these ports and the challenges in determining their locations. It also traces their impact on the Arabs’ dominance over the Red Sea during certain historical periods, and their role in civilizational contact with the northeastern region of the African continent. The study also shows the evolution of Arab maritime capabilities, from the use of leather ships to purchasing ready-made ships, until they reached the point of manufacturing their own ships. It highlights some aspects of civilizational and cultural communication between the western region of the Arabian Peninsula and the northeastern region of Africa.
The Legal Consequences of a Violation: Reparation/Just Satisfaction/Damages by Human Rights Bodies and Investment Tribunals
Authors: Marboe Irmgard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Remedies granted by both human rights courts and investment tribunals are generally based on the international law of state responsibility as codified by the International Law Commission (ILC) in 2001. However, some special rules (leges speciales) do exist in the statutes of human rights courts and in a few international investment agreements. Despite the different scopes of protection of the two areas of international law, there are remarkable similarities in judicial practice, yet important differences remain. This article explores to what extent there is already mutual influence in practice and where there is still room for mutual inspiration. It comes to the conclusion that investment tribunals could take more into consideration that victims may suffer damage, in particular non-material damage, by the mere violation of their rights. Conversely, human rights courts could pay closer attention to economic valuation criteria when it comes to the assessment of material damage.
Retrospective study of the clinical manifestations and efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with acquired hemophilia A
Authors: Gao Fei , Dong Changhu , Du Mingzhu , Li Zhenzhen , Song Yanping , Li Guang 
Published: July 2024

Objective Raising awareness of acquired hemophilia A (AHA) and early diagnosis is critical to reduce the associated mortality rate. We aimed to characterize acquired hemophilia in Chinese patients and evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Methods The clinical characteristics, laboratory test data, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes of 20 patients with AHA who were admitted to Xi’an Central Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively studied. Results Nine of the patients (45%) were treated by single glucocorticoid administration; three (15%) with cyclophosphamide (CP) in combination with a glucocorticoid; four individuals (20%) received a combination therapy of rituximab with CP and glucocorticoid or rituximab with CP, vincristine, and a glucocorticoid; three (15%) by injection of human immunoglobulin in combination with a glucocorticoid; and one (5%) with CP alone. Six patients (30%) achieved total remission and 11 (55%) partial remission (PR), but three (15%) did not enter remission, indicating an objective response rate of 85%. Conclusion Combination therapy with rituximab or intravenous human immunoglobulin achieves superior results in some patients with AHA. Immunosuppression and the administration of coagulation factors can rapidly control the disease and are efficacious, but >50% of patients only achieved PR. These findings suggest that the complete elimination of inhibitors requires prolonged immunosuppression therapy.
Disease Activity and Bone Microarchitectural Phenotype in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Russell Linda , Mannstadt Insa , Ashany Dalit , Mintz Douglas N. , Yuan Weijia , Heiting Chloe , Glaser Katherine Kayla , Tornberg Haley , McMahon Donald , Goodman Susan M. , Stein Emily M. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by spine inflammation, abnormal bone growth, and paradoxically osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. The pathogenesis of skeletal deficits in this disease is poorly understood. Purpose: We sought to evaluate volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture in patients with AxSpA and to identify disease-related factors associated with skeletal abnormalities. Methods: We enrolled patients between 2018 and 2021 as part of a 2-year prospective study at a single institution investigating skeletal health and the skeletal effects of interleukin-17 (IL-17) treatment. Patients with AxSpA who met Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria by X-ray or had evidence of active inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of sacroiliitis were referred to the study by their rheumatologists. We excluded those with a history of fragility fracture, multiple myeloma, Cushing’s disease, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, untreated vitamin D deficiency, secondary osteoporosis, or other systemic rheumatic diseases, as well as use of oral steroids for 2 or more weeks in the 6 months prior or current use of hormone replacement therapy, current oral bisphosphonate, past or current intravenous bisphosphonate, teriparatide, or denosumab therapies. A total of 1606 patients were screened for eligibility. Of these, 30 participants were enrolled (mean age 43 years, 50% male). Patients with AxSpA had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of areal BMD (aBMD) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measurements of vBMD microarchitecture and failure load by finite element analysis. Standardized disease assessment tools used included the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity (BASDAI), Metrology Index (BASMI), and Functional Index (BASFI). Results: In the 30 included patients, mean DXA and HR-pQCT Z-scores were within 1 standard deviation (SD) of normal for all indices, except for total vBMD in males (–1.2 SD below mean). Mean symptom duration was 11.7 years and mean scores for BASDAI, BASFI, and BASMI were 4.6, 3.6, and 2.7, respectively (range 1–10, 10 = severe limitation). Longer disease duration was associated with more severe skeletal deficits at the hip and tibia—specifically, lower hip aBMD, lower meta- and inner-trabecular vBMD, lower trabecular number, and higher trabecular separation and heterogeneity. Conclusion: This study of 30 patients with AxSpA found that abnormalities in bone density and microarchitecture at weightbearing sites were associated with longer disease duration. Because of its small sample size, larger studies are needed to better characterize the pathogenic disease factors that govern skeletal damage in AxSpA.
Do Social Deprivation and Surgical Volume Influence Outcomes Following Distal Radius Fracture Fixation?
Authors: Goodman Avi D. , Brodeur Peter , Kosinski Lindsay R. , Cruz Aristides I. , Akelman Edward , Gil Joseph A. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Distal radius fractures account for nearly 25% of fractures in adults, with a trend toward operative fixation. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between surgeon and hospital volume with complications following distal radius fixation. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database from 2009 to 2015. Outpatient claims were identified for distal radius fractures and surgery. The facility and surgeon’s identifier were used to calculate annual procedure volume. The risk for infection, carpal tunnel surgery, and revision/hardware removal was analyzed, and Social Deprivation Index (SDI) was linked to each patient. Patient demographics and rate of complications were compared across hospital and physician volume. Results: A total of 14 748 patients were included, finding Federal and self-pay insurance associated with low-volume (LV) facility care and private insurance with high-volume (HV) facilities. The SDI for patients treated by LV surgeons and hospitals was significantly higher compared with HV providers. Low-volume facilities and surgeons had a higher 3-month risk of infection requiring reoperation. High-volume facilities were less likely to treat Hispanic patients, those with comorbidities, higher SDI, and with Federal or self-pay insurance. Conclusions: Patients treated by LV surgeons and facilities had a higher risk of infection requiring surgery within 3 months than those treated by HV providers. Low-volume facilities were more likely to treat patients who were Hispanic, Federally insured, and with comorbidities and higher SDI than HV facilities, increasing their risk for disadvantaged care. Level of Evidence: Level III.