bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of telehealth to improve healthcare access and outcomes in surgical oncology
Authors: Asare Elliot A. , Cowan Lauren , Onega Tracy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe dimensions of healthcare access includes availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and accessibility. Many patients face significant barriers to accessing oncologic care and subsequently, health outcomes are suboptimal. Telehealth offers an opportunity to mitigate many of these barriers to improve health access and outcomes. This review discusses how telehealth can be leveraged to improve healthcare access in surgical oncology while also highlighting important challenges to realizing the full potential of this mode of healthcare delivery.
Conjoint influence of equal channel angular pressing and annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7075
Authors: Pouyafar V. , Malihi F. , Meshkabadi R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effect of equal channel angular pressing combined with inter‐pass and post‐process annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al‐7075 alloy has been studied. The samples underwent successful equal channel angular pressing for three passes using the Bc route. The most significant changes in mechanical properties were observed after the first pass. Despite an 88 % reduction in grain size, the hardness of the alloy increased by 45 % and the fracture toughness decreased by 75 %. Post‐process annealing was found to be an effective method for enhancing the alloy‘s toughness. Annealing the one‐pass sample at 310 °C resulted in a 33 % increase in fracture toughness; from 15.8 J to 21.02 J. Inter‐pass annealing had a lesser impact on improving fracture toughness compared to post‐process annealing. It can be concluded that a balanced combination of strength and toughness can be achieved by utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing and inter‐pass or post‐process annealing. Examination of the fracture surfaces of the samples revealed intragranular fractures, with the annealed samples exhibiting higher energy absorption during impact and better toughness compared to the non‐annealed sample.
Genetic Manifestations and Phenotype Spectrum in Infants With Feeding Difficulty
Authors: Han Mingyu , Shi Wei , Chen Xiangxiang , Wu Dingwen , Sun Yi , Wang Weiyan , Zhan Canyang , Hu Lingling , Yuan Tianming 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFeeding difficulties frequently co‐occur with multisystem disorders attributed to rare genetic diseases. In this study, we aimed to describe the genetic manifestations and phenotype spectrum in infants experiencing feeding difficulties.MethodsThis case series included infants under 6 months old with feeding difficulties admitted to the neonatal department of Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from October 2018 to May 2022. All infants underwent whole‐exome sequencing (WES) during hospitalisation, and their clinical phenotypes and genetic results were analyzed.ResultsAmong 28 infants studied, nine were preterm and 19 were full‐term. Median admission age was 13.5 days (IQR 6.5, 35), with a median hospital stay of 16 days (IQR 10.5, 30). Overall, 12 (42.9%) cases were complicated with multiple malformations. Abnormal muscle tone (53.6%) and neurological issues (42.9%) were notable prevalent in these infants. Cranial MR abnormalities were noted in 96.2% of cases. Based on the combined analysis of WES results and clinical phenotypes, a total of 22 (78.3%) patients displayed disease‐related genetic variation identified through WES; among them, 15 (53.6%) patients received genetic diagnoses, while 7 (25%) patients were suspected diagnoses. Positive findings were more frequent in full‐term (89.5%) than preterm infants (55.6%). Ultimately, 24 (85.7%) patients were discharged alive, with 75% requiring post‐discharge tube feeding. Following discharge, five patients developed new symptoms linked to genetic variants, and two patients died.ConclusionsFeeding difficulty may constitute a facet of the phenotypic spectrum of rare genetic diseases. Whole‐exome sequencing can enhance molecular diagnosis accuracy for infants with feeding difficulties.
Association of Quantity and Diversity of Different Types of Fruit Intake with New‐Onset Kidney Stones
Authors: Gan Xiaoqin , Yang Sisi , Zhou Chun , He Panpan , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , Zhang Yanjun , Huang Yu , Xiang Hao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qin Xianhui 
Published: August 2024

ScopeThis study aims to assess the association between intake of different types of fruit (citrus, pomes, tropical fruits, berries, gourds, drupes, dried fruits, and other fruits), the intake diversity of fruit types, and risk of new‐onset kidney stones in general population.Methods and resultsA total of 205 896 participants with at least one completed 24‐h dietary recall from the UK Biobank are included. During a median follow‐up of 11.6 years, 2074 cases of kidney stones are documented. Compared with nonconsumers, participants with higher intake of citrus (50–<100 g day−1; hazards ratio [HR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.91; ≥100 g day−1; HR = 0.75; 95%CI, 0.63–0.89), pomes (≥100 g day−1; HR = 0.86; 95%CI, 0.77–0.96), or tropical fruits (50–<100 g day−1; HR = 0.86; 95%CI, 0.75–0.99; ≥100 g day−1; HR = 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79–0.99) have a lower risk of new‐onset kidney stones. However, there is no significant association of intake of berries, gourds, drupes, dried fruits, and other fruits with kidney stones. A higher fruit variety score is significantly associated with a lower risk of new‐onset kidney stones (per 1‐score increment, HR = 0.86; 95%CI, 0.81–0.91).ConclusionsHigher intake of citruses (≥50 g day−1), pomes (≥100 g day−1), and tropical fruits (≥50 g day−1), as well as increasing diversity of intake of these three fruits, are associated with a lower risk of new‐onset kidney stones.
Design of high selectivity tunable bandpass filter with switchable single‐/dual‐band responses
Authors: Cao Liangzu , Li Shouzhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a switchable filter with four operating states, namely dual‐band mode, lower band mode, upper band mode, and all‐stop mode. The transition between these states is achieved by using positive intrinsic negative diodes, while the center frequency tuning is done by using varactors. In order to verify the design concept, a prototype has been fabricated on an F4BME substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.25 and a thickness of 1 mm, and the measured results were in agreement with the simulations. Notably, the dual‐band mode yields four transmission zeros (TZs), while the single‐band mode produces two TZs. The final circuit size of the designed filter is 0.18 × 0.14 λg, making it ideally suited for reconfigurable multi‐band communication systems.
Diffusion MRI in prostate cancer with ultra‐strong whole‐body gradients
Authors: Molendowska Malwina , Palombo Marco , Foley Kieran G. , Narahari Krishna , Fasano Fabrizio , Jones Derek K. , Alexander Daniel C. , Panagiotaki Eleftheria , Tax Chantal M. W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted MRI (dMRI) is universally recommended for the detection and classification of prostate cancer (PCa), with PI‐RADS recommendations to acquire b‐values of ≥1.4 ms/μm2. However, clinical dMRI suffers from a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) as the consequence of prolonged echo times (TEs) attributable to the limited gradient power in the range of 40–80 mT/m. To overcome this, MRI systems with strong gradients have been designed but so far have mainly been applied in the brain. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility, data quality, SNR and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of measurements in PCa with a 300 mT/m whole‐body system. A cohort of men without and with diagnosed PCa were imaged on a research‐only 3T Connectom Siemens MRI system equipped with a gradient amplitude of 300 mT/m. dMRI at high b‐values were acquired using high gradient amplitudes and compared with gradient capabilities mimicking clinical systems. Data artefacts typically amplified with stronger gradients were assessed and their correction evaluated. The SNR gains and lesion‐to‐healthy tissue CNR were statistically tested investigating the effect of protocol and b‐value. The diagnostic quality of the images for different dMRI protocols was assessed by an experienced radiologist using a 5‐point Likert scale and an adapted PI‐QUAL scoring system. The strong gradients for prostate dMRI allowed a significant gain in SNR per unit time compared with clinical gradients. Furthermore, a 1.6–2.1‐fold increase in CNR was observed. Despite the more pronounced artefacts typically associated with strong gradients, a satisfactory correction could be achieved. Smoother and less biased parameter maps were obtained with protocols at shorter TEs. The results of this study show that dMRI in PCa with a whole‐body 300‐mT/m scanner is feasible without a report of physiological effects, SNR and CNR can be improved compared with lower gradient strengths, and artefacts do not negate the benefits of strong gradients and can be ameliorated. This assessment provides the first essential step towards unveiling the full potential of cutting‐edge scanners, now increasingly becoming available, to advance early detection and diagnostic precision.
Quantitative ultrashort echo time MR imaging of knee osteochondral junction: An ex vivo feasibility study
Authors: Athertya Jiyo S. , Suprana Arya , Lo James , Lombardi Alecio F. , Moazamian Dina , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang , Ma Yajun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompositional changes can occur in the osteochondral junction (OCJ) during the early stages and progressive disease evolution of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are not able to image these regions efficiently because of the OCJ region's rapid signal decay. The development of new sequences able to image and quantify OCJ region is therefore highly desirable. We developed a comprehensive ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI protocol for quantitative assessment of OCJ region in the knee joint, including UTE variable flip angle technique for T1 mapping, UTE magnetization transfer (UTE‐MT) modeling for macromolecular proton fraction (MMF) mapping, UTE adiabatic T1ρ (UTE‐AdiabT1ρ) sequence for T1ρ mapping, and multi‐echo UTE sequence for T2* mapping. B1 mapping based on the UTE actual flip angle technique was utilized for B1 correction in T1, MMF, and T1ρ measurements. Ten normal and one abnormal cadaveric human knee joints were scanned on a 3T clinical MRI scanner to investigate the feasibility of OCJ imaging using the proposed protocol. Volumetric T1, MMF, T1ρ, and T2* maps of the OCJ, as well as the superficial and full‐thickness cartilage regions, were successfully produced using the quantitative UTE imaging protocol. Significantly lower T1, T1ρ, and T2* relaxation times were observed in the OCJ region compared with those observed in both the superficial and full‐thickness cartilage regions, whereas MMF showed significantly higher values in the OCJ region. In addition, all four UTE biomarkers showed substantial differences in the OCJ region between normal and abnormal knees. These results indicate that the newly developed 3D quantitative UTE imaging techniques are feasible for T1, MMF, T1ρ, and T2* mapping of knee OCJ, representative of a promising approach for the evaluation of compositional changes in early knee OA.
Probabilistic perturbation bounds of matrix decompositions
Authors: Petkov Petko H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, we determine probabilistic approximations of the entries of random perturbation matrices implementing the Markoff inequality. These approximations are used to derive with prescribed probability asymptotic componentwise perturbation bounds of some orthogonal and unitary matrix decompositions. We show that the probabilistic asymptotic bounds are significantly less conservative than the corresponding deterministic perturbation bounds. As case studies, we consider the determining of probabilistic perturbation bounds of the QR decomposition, the singular value decomposition and the Schur decomposition of a matrix using an unified method for asymptotic componentwise perturbation analysis of these decompositions. It is demonstrated that the probability bounds of the orthogonal transformations, singular values and eigenvalues are much tighter than the corresponding deterministic asymptotic bounds. The probabilistic bounds derived are appropriate for perturbation analysis of large‐order matrix problems.
Diffuse interface modeling of non‐isothermal Stokes‐Darcy flow with immersed transmissibility conditions
Authors: Suh Hyoung Suk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe coupling between free and porous medium flows has received significant attention since it plays an important role in a wide range of problems from fluid‐soil interactions to biofluid dynamics. However, modeling this coupled process remains a difficult task as it often involves a domain decomposition algorithm in conjunction with a special treatment at the interface. The problem can become more challenging under non‐isothermal conditions because it requires the iterative procedure at every time step to simultaneously meet the transient mass continuity, force equilibrium, and energy balance for the entire system. This article presents a diffuse interface framework for modeling non‐isothermal Stokes‐Darcy flow and the corresponding finite element formulation that bypasses the need for explicitly splitting the domain into two, which enables the unified treatment for distinct regions with different hydrothermal flow regimes. To achieve this goal, we employ the Allen‐Cahn type phase field model to generate the diffuse geometry, where the solution field can be seen as a regularized approximation of the Heaviside indicator function, allowing us to transfer the interface conditions into a set of immersed boundary conditions. Our formulation suggests that the isothermal operator splitting strategy can be adopted without compromising accuracy if the heat and mass transfer processes are decoupled by assuming that the density and viscosity of the phase constituents are independent to the temperature. Numerical examples are also introduced to verify the implementation and to demonstrate the model capacity.
Neural processing of sweet taste in reward regions is reduced following bariatric surgery
Authors: Alessi Jonathan , Dzemidzic Mario , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Kareken David A. , Considine Robert V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveBariatric surgery reduces sweet‐liking, but mechanisms remain unclear. We examined related brain responses.MethodsA total of 24 nondiabetic bariatric surgery and 21 control participants with normal weight to overweight were recruited for an observational controlled cohort study. They underwent sucrose taste testing outside the scanner followed by stimulation with 0.40M and 0.10M sucrose compared with water during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 21 bariatric participants repeated these procedures after surgery.ResultsPerceived sweet intensity was not different among the control, presurgery, or postsurgery groups. Bariatric participants' preferred sweet concentration decreased after surgery (0.52M to 0.29M; p = 0.008). Brain reward system (ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex) region of interest analysis showed that 0.40M sucrose activation (but not 0.10M) decreased after surgery. Sensory region (primary somatosensory and primary taste cortex) 0.40M sucrose activation was unchanged by surgery and did not differ between control and bariatric participants. Primary taste cortex activation to 0.10M sucrose solution was greater in postsurgical bariatric participants compared with control participants.ConclusionsBariatric surgery reduces the reward system response to sweet taste in women with obesity without affecting activity in sensory regions, which is consistent with reduced drive to consume sweet foods.
Postoperative Respiratory Complications After Adenotonsillectomy in Children With High‐Risk Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Kou Yann‐Fuu , Korpon Jonathan R. , Dabbous Helene , Johnson Romaine F. , Mitchell Ron B. , Wani Anna , Chorney Stephen R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveIdentify patient characteristics and polysomnogram (PSG) parameters associated with postoperative respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy (AT) among children with high‐risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children's hospital.MethodsPediatric patients (<18 years) with high‐risk OSA (any 1 of: apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] >30, O2 nadir <80% and peak CO2 >60 mm Hg) on overnight PSG from 2019 to 2021 were included. Primary outcomes were major respiratory intervention during the postoperative admission, prolonged hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay.ResultsA total of 307 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 6.5 years and 63% were male. Twenty‐five (8.1%) required major respiratory intervention and 29 (9.7%) required ICU admission after AT. Major interventions and ICU admissions were significantly associated with neuromuscular disease (P < .01), higher obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (oAHI), higher CO2 peak, and lower O2 nadir. Prolonged admission had similar findings except oAHI was not significantly associated. Younger children were significant more likely to require ICU admission or prolonged admission.ConclusionIncreased oAHI and worsening O2 and CO2 parameters on preoperative PSG were associated with postoperative respiratory complications in children with high‐risk OSA. Children with neuromuscular disease and age 0 to 2 had higher risk of ICU stay and prolonged hospitalization. Clinicians should recognize the importance of parameters beyond oAHI when anticipating postoperative monitoring.
A case of masticatory muscle tendon–aponeurosis hyperplasia revealed after orthognathic surgery
Authors: Nakao Noriko , Ohba Seigo , Shido Rena , Fujita Shuichi , Sumi Misa , Yamada Tomohiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMasticatory muscle tendon–aponeurosis hyperplasia (MMTAH) is a condition in which the tendons and fascia of the masticatory muscles, including the masseter muscle, overgrow.Case presentationA 36‐year‐old male underwent orthognathic surgery to correct malocclusion with mandibular protrusion. A strong skeletal relapse was observed immediately after surgery. The patient was clinically diagnosed with MMTAH after examination. He opened his mouth up to 46 mm after coronoidectomy and masseter muscle tendonectomy surgery.ConclusionBased on the available previous reports, this is the first report of MMTAH resulting from strong skeletal relapse after orthognathic surgery.
Rapid mitragynine quantification and fingerprinting of products from Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaf (Kratom) using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Hayeema Toveelah , Wungsintaweekul Juraithip 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionKratom (leaves from Mitragyna speciosa Korth.; Rubiaceae) is a herbal medicine known for its analgesic properties and psychoactive effects. Kratom in Thailand is currently legal; however, it is prohibited in some countries and considered a narcotic plant.ObjectiveOur aim was to establish a reliable, simple, and rapid method for quantifying mitragynine in Kratom leaves and related products through a combination of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) and densitometry.MethodologyA densitometric HPTLC method was developed and validated in terms of specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and robustness. The fingerprints of kratom leaves, Mitragyna spp., and related products were constructed.ResultsFor HPTLC, samples were applied to silica gel 60 F254 plates, and the mobile phase comprised n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, and triethylamine (1:1:0.15, v/v/v). Densitometric detection was carried out under ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 226 nm. The validated method exhibited a range of 14.31–143.10 μg/mL, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.9993. Spiked recovery rates were within a range of 98.3%–100.9%, and the LOD and LOQ were 3.80 and 11.53 μg/mL, respectively. Kratom samples were analyzed with the developed method, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9641, compared to the high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode‐array detection (HPLC–DAD) method. The HPTLC fingerprints displayed a distinctive pattern, facilitating discrimination among different plant parts and Mitragyna spp.ConclusionThe established method offers the advantages of simplicity, ease of use, and speed of analysis, serving as a practical alternative for mitragynine quantification in kratom leaf and its related products.
Automated multiplexed affinity‐based enrichment of peptides for LC‐MS/MS plasma proteomics
Authors: Junior Sergio Mosquim , Levander Fredrik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlasma proteomics offers high potential for biomarker discovery, as plasma is collected through a minimally invasive procedure and constitutes the most complex human‐derived proteome. However, the wide dynamic range poses a significant challenge. Here, we propose a semi‐automated method based on the use of multiple single chain variable fragment antibodies, each enriching for peptides found in up to a few hundred proteins. This approach allows for the analysis of a complementary fraction compared to full proteome analysis. Proteins from pooled plasma were extracted and digested before testing the performance of 29 different antibodies with the aim of reproducibly maximizing peptide enrichment. Our results demonstrate the enrichment of 3662 peptides not detected in neat plasma or negative controls. Moreover, most antibodies were able to enrich for at least 155 peptides across different levels of abundance in plasma. To further reduce analysis time, a combination of antibodies was used in a multiplexed setting. Repeated sample analyses showed low coefficients of variation, and the method is flexible in terms of affinity binders. It does not impose drastic increases in instrument time, thus showing excellent potential for usage in large scale discovery projects.