bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Separators for Rechargeable Batteries with High Safety: Advantages, Strategies, and Perspectives
Authors: Chen Pei , Lin Xihao , Yang Bin , Gao Yun , Xiao Yao , Li Lin , Zhang Hang , Li Li , Zheng Zhi , Wang Jiazhao , Chou Shulei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost of the separators used in commercial rechargeable batteries are polypropylene and polyethylene, which have the characteristics of high mechanical strength and good chemical stability. Due to lower melting point, however, these separators may melt when the internal temperature of the cell rises. The direct contact of the positive and negative electrodes after the melting of separator will cause serious safety issues. Cellulose‐based separators have received increasing attention in rechargeable batteries because of advantages including high‐temperature resistance, high electrolyte affinity, renewability, and the ability to suppress the shuttle effect. Herein, the application of cellulose separators in rechargeable batteries is summarized in this review. An overview of the cellulose structure, elucidating both its advantages and the challenges as separators in rechargeable batteries is presented. The application of different types of cellulose as separators is also discussed. Furthermore, the failure mechanism of cellulose separators are explored in depth, which can provide guidance for designing safer and more reliable separators for rechargeable batteries. The modification strategies of cellulose separators are summarized in terms of the improved mechanical strength, heat resistance, good wettability, and other properties. Finally, promising perspectives are proposed for the future development of cellulose separators aimed at large‐scale applications.
Tumor Microenvironment Reprogrammed Bimetallic Hybrid Nanostimulator for Triggering Radio‐Cuproptosis‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Xiaohong , Wang Jin , Huang Weijie , Ma Haowei , Zhang Shilong , Cai Zehong , Lin Wenxin , Zheng Jintao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadio‐immunotherapy driven by radiation‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) is emerging as a potential opportunity to address conventional radiotherapy (RT) that is only applicable to localized tumor treatment. However, the effective activation of ICD during RT is severely limited by radiation dose, weak tumor immunogenicity, and radio‐resistance caused by tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a novel bimetallic hybrid nanoscale coordination nanostimulator is first proposed by phosphate backbone doped with copper ions (Cu2+) and hafnium ions (Hf4+), and then modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The PVPylated Cu/Hf‐doped phosphate nanostimulator (denoted as CHP) exhibits effective reprogramming of TME, including depletion of tumor endogenous glutathione (GSH), relief of tumor hypoxia and repolarization of M2 phenotypic macrophages, thus achieving tumor radiosensitization at low X‐ray irradiation dose, gradually accumulation of tumor endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and augmenting cuproptosis. In addition, cuproptosis can amplify RT‐induced anti‐tumor immunity through ICD activation, ultimately resulting in a robust anti‐tumor immune response and long‐term immunity, evidenced by distant tumor growth inhibition of 4T1‐tumor‐bearing models. More interestingly, it is discovered that CHP‐mediated cuproptosis can be intensifiable during X‐ray irradiation. Taken together, this work presents a novel radio‐cuproptosis‐immunotherapy cascade strategy, offering a new perspective for innovation in the treatment field of breast cancer.
Facilitating Oriented Dense Deposition: Utilizing Crystal Plane End‐Capping Reagent to Construct Dendrite‐Free and Highly Corrosion‐Resistant (100) Crystal Plane Zinc Anode
Authors: Wang Huirong , Zhou Anbin , Hu Xin , Song Zhihang , Zhang Botao , Gao Shengyu , Huang Yongxin , Cui Yanhua , Cui Yixiu , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDendrite growth and corrosion issues have significantly hindered the usability of Zn anodes, which further restricts the development of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). In this study, a zinc‐philic and hydrophobic Zn (100) crystal plane end‐capping reagent (ECR) is introduced into the electrolyte to address these challenges in AZIBs. Specifically, under the mediation of 100‐ECR, the electroplated Zn configures oriented dense deposition of (100) crystal plane texture, which slows down the formation of dendrites. Furthermore, owing to the high corrosion resistance of the (100) crystal plane and the hydrophobic protective interface formed by the adsorbed ECR on the electrode surface, the Zn anode demonstrates enhanced reversibility and higher Coulombic efficiency in the modified electrolyte. Consequently, superior electrochemical performance is achieved through this novel crystal plane control strategy and interface protection technology. The Zn//VO2 cells based on the modified electrolyte maintained a high‐capacity retention of ≈80.6% after 1350 cycles, corresponding to a low‐capacity loss rate of only 0.014% per cycle. This study underscores the importance of deposition uniformity and corrosion resistance of crystal planes over their type. And through crystal plane engineering, a high‐quality (100) crystal plane is constructed, thereby expanding the range of options for viable Zn anodes.
Tuneable Wetting of Fluorine‐Free Superhydrophobic Films via Titania Modification to Enhance Durability and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Kalmoni Julie Jalila , Blackman Christopher S. , Carmalt Claire J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSuperhydrophobic photocatalytic self‐cleaning films are fabricated via aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). First, superhydrophobic/SiO2 polymer films consisting of a combination of fatty acids, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and SiO2 nanoparticles are deposited which displayed static water contact angles >160° and maintained superhydrophobicity after 300 tape peel cycles. The AACVD process is used to achieve a highly textured morphology required for superhydrophobicity. The surface properties are then modified by depositing a thin layer of TiO2 on the superhydrophobic coating via AACVD of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). The deposited films are hydrophobic/superhydrophobic depending on the concentration of TTIP used in the deposition process. The resulting hybrid films exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity relative to the uncoated superhydrophobic film, maintained hydrophobicity after exposure to toluene, and tolerated pencil hardness of up to “6H”. This multi‐layered approach allows to easily tune the wettability of the superhydrophobic film, which is challenging to do when the superhydrophobic and TiO2 precursor are deposited as a single one‐pot precursor.
Deposition of DNA Nanostructures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Gao Yanjing , Chen Jielin , Liu Jiangbo , Li Mingqiang , Wang Yichun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe integration of the addressability of DNA nanostructures and the electronic sensitivity of sp2 carbon‐based materials presents a promising avenue for the development of powerful sensitive biodevices for detecting biological signals and substances with high sensitivity. Essential to this prospect is the attainment of high‐shape fidelity immobilization of DNA nanostructures on these sp2 carbon substrates. However, it is challenging due to the stability of DNA nanostructures on these substrates. In this study, the adsorption behavior of DNA nanostructures is explored on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. The observations revealed a severe structural destabilization of DNA nanostructures upon interacting with bare HOPG. Immobilization of DNA nanostructures with high shape‐fidelity can be achieved by modifying the surface property of HOPG and enhancing the rigidity of DNA nanostructures. In addition, DNA tetrahedron origami is employed as a rigid, precise, and programmable three‐dimensional framework for controlled patterning of gold nanoparticles on HOPG surface, demonstrating the potential for constructing plasmonic devices and arranging other functional species on sp2 carbon‐based substrates for specific applications. This study shows the potential for customizable functionalization of sp2 carbon‐based substrates and tailored design of biodevices at the interface through integration with DNA nanostructures.
Synthesis of 2,3,5,6‐Tetrasubstituted Thieno[3,2‐b]furans through Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Utilizing [1,2]‐Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement/Brønsted Base‐Mediated Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Aita Kohei , Terada Masahiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe have developed a method for the synthesis of thieno[3,2‐b]furans on the basis of a strategy consisting of a formal [3+2] cycloaddition utilizing the [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement and a subsequent Brønsted base‐mediated cyclization. The method streamlines access to a wide range of well‐organized 2,3,5,6‐tetrasubstituted thieno[3,2‐b]furans that are otherwise difficult to synthesize and is also applicable to the syntheses of 2,3,5,6‐tetrasubstituted seleno[3,2‐b]furans.
Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Peripheral Blood Echoes Microglia State Dynamics in CNS During TLE Progression
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Yuanxia , Chen Jing , Zhang Qiong , Liu Yunyi , Long Hongyu , Yu Jianhua , Wu Qian , Feng Li 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCentral and systemic inflammation play pivotal roles in epileptogenesis and proepileptogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The interplay between peripheral CD4+ T cells and central microglia orchestrates the “systemic‐central” immune response in TLE. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking central and systemic inflammation in TLE remain unknown. This preliminary findings revealed an imbalance in Th1/Th2 subsets in the periphery，accompanied by related cytokines release in TLE patients. they proposed that this peripheral Th1/Th2 imbalance may influence central inflammation by mediating microglial state dynamics within epileptic foci and distant brain regions. In Li‐pilocarpine‐induced TLE rats, a peripheral Th1/Th2 imbalance and observed corresponding central and systemic responses is confirmed. Notably, CD4+ T cells infiltrated through the compromised blood‐brain barrierand are spatially close to microglia around epileptic foci. Intravenous depletion and reinfusion of CD4+ T cells modulated microglia state dynamics and altered neuroinflammatory cytokines secretion. Moreover, mRNA sequencing of the human hippocampus identified Notch1 as a key regulator of Th1/Th2 differentiation, CD4+ T cell recruitment to brain infiltration sites, and the regulation of microglial responses, seizure frequency, and cognition. This study underscores the significance of Th1/Th2 imbalance in modulating the “systemic‐central” response in TLE, highlighting Notch1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Fabrication of High‐Density Microarchitected Tungsten via DLP 3D Printing
Authors: Cai Junyu , Ma Songhua , Yi Wenbin , Wang Jieping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrent additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for tungsten, such as powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition, often generate parts with rough surfaces. Vat photopolymerization presents a promising alternative for fabricating tungsten structures with high shape fidelity and low surface roughness. However, existing vat photopolymerization approaches suffer from surface defects and low final density, leading to compromised mechanical properties. Therefore, achieving high‐density tungsten structures using vat photopolymerization remains a crucial challenge. This work presents a straightforward and reliable method for fabricating complex, micro‐architected tungsten structures with superior density and hardness. The approach utilizes a water‐based photoresin with exceptional tungsten ion loading capacity. The photoresin is then patterned using digital light processing (DLP) to create tungsten‐laden precursors. A three‐step debinding and sintering process subsequently achieves 3D tungsten structures with dense surface morphology and minimal internal defects. The microstructures achieve a minimum feature size of 35 µm, a low surface roughness of 2.86 µm, and demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties. This new method for structuring tungsten opens doors to a broad range of applications, including micromachining, collimators, detectors, and metamaterials.
Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Liquid Metal with Varying Phases
Authors: Yang Li , Guo Langang , Wang Zihan , Meng Chuizhou , Wu Jinrong , Chen Xue , Musa Abdullah Abu , Jiang Xiaoqi , Cheng Huanyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStretchable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a new class of energy‐harvesting devices for powering wearable devices. However, most of them are associated with poor stretchability, low stability, and limited substrate material choices. This work presents the design and demonstration of highly stretchable and stable TENGs based on liquid metalel ectrodes with different phases. The conductive and fluidic properties of eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) in the serpentine microfluidic channel ensure the robust performance of the EGaIn‐based TENG upon stretching over several hundred percent. The bi‐phasic EGaIn (bGaIn) from oxidation lowers surface tension and increases adhesion for printing on diverse substrates with high output performance parameters. The optimization of the electrode shapes in the bGaIn‐based TENGs can reduce the device footprint and weight, while enhancing stretchability. The applications of the EGaIn‐ and bGaIn‐based TENG include smart elastic bands for human movement monitoring and smart carpets with integrated data transmission/processing modules for headcount monitoring/control. Combining the concept of origami in the paper‐based bGaIn TENG can reduce the device footprint to improve output performance per unit area. The integration of bGaIn‐TENG on a self‐healing polymer substrate with corrosion resistance against acidic and alkaline solutions further facilitates its use in various challenging and extreme environments.
Chirality in Singlet Fission: Controlling Singlet Fission in Aqueous Nanoparticles of Tetracenedicarboxylic Acid Ion Pairs
Authors: Papadopoulos Ilias , Hui Joseph Ka‐Ho , Morikawa Masa‐aki , Kawahara Yasuhito , Kaneko Kenji , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe singlet fission characteristics of aqueous nanoparticles, self‐assembled from ion pairs of tetracene dicarboxylic acid and various amines with or without chirality, are thoroughly investigated. The structure of the ammonium molecule, the counterion, is found to play a decisive role in determining the molecular orientation of the ion pairs and its regularity, spectroscopic properties, the strength of the intermolecular coupling between the tetracene chromophores, and the consequent singlet fission process. Using chiral amines has led to the formation of crystalline nanosheets and efficient singlet fission with a triplet quantum yield as high as 133% ±20% and a rate constant of 6.99 × 109 s−1. The chiral ion pairs also provide a separation channel to free triplets with yields as high as 33% ±10%. In contrast, nanoparticles with achiral counterions do not show singlet fission, which gave low or high fluorescence quantum yields depending on the size of the counterions. The racemic ion pair produces a correlated triplet pair intermediate by singlet fission, but no decorrelation into two free triplets is observed, as triplet‐triplet annihilation dominates. The introduction of chirality enables higher control over orientation and singlet fission in self‐assembled chromophores. It provides new design guidelines for singlet fission materials.
A High‐Entropy Oxyhydroxide with a Graded Metal Network Structure for Efficient and Robust Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Chen‐Xu , Yin Di , Zhang Yu‐Xuan , Sun Yu‐Xiang , Zhao Xiao‐Jin , Liao Wu‐Gang , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDesigning high‐entropy oxyhydroxides (HEOs) electrocatalysts with controlled nanostructures is vital for efficient and stable water‐splitting electrocatalysts. Herein, a novel HEOs material (FeCoNiWCuOOH@Cu) containing five non‐noble metal elements derived by electrodeposition on a 3D double‐continuous porous Cu support is created. This support, prepared via the liquid metal dealloying method, offers a high specific surface area and rapid mass/charge transfer channels. The resulting high‐entropy FeCoNiWCuOOH nanosheets provide a dense distribution of active sites. The heterostructure between Cu skeletons and FeCoNiWCuOOH nanosheets enhances mass transfer, electronic structure coupling, and overall structural stability, leading to excellent activities in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and water splitting reaction. At 10 mA cm−2, the overpotentials for OER, HER, and water splitting in 1.0 m KOH solution are 200, 18, and 1.40 V, respectively, outperforming most current electrocatalysts. The catalytic performance remains stable even after operating at 300 mA cm−2 for 100, 100, and over 1000 h, correspondingly. This material has potential applications in integrated hydrogen energy systems. More importantly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the synergy of the five elements in enhancing water‐splitting activity. This work offers valuable insights for designing industrial water electrolysis systems.
Ruthenium Anchored Laser‐Induced Graphene as Binder‐Free and Free‐Standing Electrode for Selective Electrosynthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate
Authors: Geng Zekun , Feng Zhiliang , Kong Haoran , Su Jiaqi , Zhang Kaiyan , Li Jiaxin , Sun Xinzhi , Liu Xiaojuan , Ge Lei , Gai Panpan , Li Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeveloping effective electrocatalysts for the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a promising alternative to conventional industrial ammonia (NH3) synthesis. Herein, starting from a flexible laser‐induced graphene (LIG) film with hierarchical and interconnected macroporous architecture, a binder‐free and free‐standing Ru‐modified LIG electrode (Ru‐LIG) is fabricated for electrocatalytic NO3RR via a facile electrodeposition method. The relationship between the laser‐scribing parameters and the NO3RR performance of Ru‐LIG electrodes is studied in‐depth. At −0.59 VRHE, the Ru‐LIG electrode exhibited the optimal and stable NO3RR performance (NH3 yield rate of 655.9 µg cm−2 h−1 with NH3 Faradaic efficiency of up to 93.7%) under a laser defocus setting of +2 mm and an applied laser power of 4.8 W, outperforming most of the reported NO3RR electrodes operated under similar conditions. The optimized laser‐scribing parameters promoted the surface properties of LIG with increased graphitization degree and decreased charge‐transfer resistance, leading to synergistically improved Ru electrodeposition with more exposed NO3RR active sites. This work not only provides a new insight to enhance the electrocatalytic NO3RR performance of LIG‐based electrodes via the coordination with metal electrocatalysts as well as identification of the critical laser‐scribing parameters but also will inspire the rational design of future advanced laser‐induced electrocatalysts for NO3RR.
Trends in the yield response to nitrogen of winter wheat in Oklahoma
Authors: Panyi Amadeo F. , Brorsen B. Wade 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study seeks to explain how the response of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to nitrogen at Lahoma, OK, has changed over time. This objective was motivated by the need for accurate estimation of optimal nitrogen recommendations and to understand why optimal nitrogen rates have changed over time. Yields increased over time, except at the 0 and 22 kg N ha−1 rates of applied nitrogen. Bayesian methods were used to estimate linear plateau models where each parameter has its own time trend. Results show no trend in intercept, an increase of 1.3% per year in the slope coefficient, a 1.9% per year increase in the difference between the plateau and intercept, and a 33% increase in the optimal nitrogen rates from 1971 to 2023. These trends suggest the need to update nitrogen recommendations and help explain why the yield goal approach became imprecise over time due to changing yield potential.Core Ideas
The yield of winter wheat went up over time with nitrogen rates of 45 kg N ha−1 or higher.
The yield on check plots with no nitrogen did not change.
The slope and plateau of the linear plateau model of wheat yield response went up over 1% per year.
Optimal nitrogen went up over 33% over time based on the estimated linear response stochastic plateau model.
Influence of Highly Charged Ion Irradiation on the Electrical and Memory Properties of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Sleziona Stephan , Kharsah Osamah , Skopinski Lucia , Daniel Leon , Schmeink Jennifer , Schleberger Marika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBlack phosphorus (bP) is one of the more recently discovered layered materials. Utilizing the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of bP field‐effect transistors (FETs), several approaches to realize non‐volatile memory devices are successfully demonstrated. This hysteresis is commonly attributed to charge trapping and detrapping in impurities and defects whose nature and location in the device are however unclear. In this work, defects are deliberately introduced into bP FETs by irradiating the devices with highly charged Xe30 + at a kinetic energy of 180 and 20 keV to manipulate their electrical and memory properties. The results show for the ion with higher energy an increase of conductance and an increase of p‐doping of up to 1.2 · 1012 cm−2 with increasing fluence, while the charge carrier mobility degrades for the higher ion fluences. Most notably, an increase in the hysteresis' width and of the memory window are observed due to the irradiation. By controlling the kinetic energy of the ions, it can be demonstrated, that the modifications of electronic properties arise from defects in bP and the underlying SiO2 substrate. However, changes in hysteretic properties are attributed exclusively to irradiation‐induced defects in the substrate, so ion irradiation can significantly improve the properties of bP based memory devices.
Short‐term heart rate variability: A potential approach to frailty assessment in older adults
Authors: Dewangan Gevesh Chand , Singhal Sunny , Chandran Dinu S. , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Dey Aparajit Ballav , Chakrawarty Avinash 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation using short‐term heart rate variability (HRV) and compare it among frailty statuses in older Indian adults.MethodsA total of 210 subjects aged 60 years and above were recruited into three groups: frail (n = 70), pre‐frail (n = 70), and non‐frail (n = 70) from the outpatient department of Geriatric Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in India. Frailty status was assessed using the Rockwood frailty index (FI) criteria. HRV was derived from a 5‐min ECG recording of standard limb leads and assessed using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear analysis of cardiac interval variability.ResultsThe HRV parameters indicative of parasympathetic modulation such as SDNN, SDSD, rMSSD, NN50, pNN50, absolute HF power, and SD1 were significantly lower in frail subjects compared with both pre‐frail and non‐frail subjects (P < 0.05). Absolute LF power and SD2 were also lower in frail subjects compared with pre‐frail and non‐frail subjects (P < 0.05). Measures of sympatho‐vagal balance (LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratios) did not show statistical significance. The FI demonstrated negative correlations with all HRV parameters.ConclusionsFrail individuals exhibit decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation compared with pre‐frail and non‐frail individuals, although maintaining a balanced sympatho‐vagal state. Furthermore, autonomic modulation declines progressively with increasing frailty.