bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the EQ-5D-5L and the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system preference score (PROPr) in the United States
Authors: Hays Ron D. , Edelen Maria Orlando , Rodriguez Anthony , Qureshi Nabeel , Feeny David , Herman Patricia M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In contrast to prior research, our study presents longitudinal comparisons of the EQ-5D-5L and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) preference (PROPr) scores. This fills a gap in the literature, providing a much-needed understanding of these preference-based measures and their applications in healthcare research. Furthermore, our study provides equations to estimate one measure from the other, a tool that can significantly facilitate comparisons across studies.

Methods
We administered a health survey to 4,098 KnowledgePanel® members living in the United States. A subset of 1,256 (82% response rate) with back pain also completed the six-month follow-up survey. We then conducted thorough cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the two measures, including product-moment correlations between scores, associations with demographic variables, and health conditions. To estimate one measure from the other, we used ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with the baseline data from the general population.

Results
The correlation between the EQ-5D-5L and PROPr scores was 0.69, but the intraclass correlation was only 0.34 because the PROPr had lower (less positive) mean scores on the 0 (dead) to 1 (perfect health) continuum than the EQ-5D-5L. The associations between the two preference measures and demographic variables were similar at baseline. The product-moment correlation between unstandardized beta coefficients for each preference measure regressed on 22 health conditions was 0.86, reflecting similar patterns of unique associations. Correlations of change from baseline to 6 months in the two measures with retrospective perceptions of change were similar. Adjusted variance explained in OLS regressions predicting one measure from the other was 48%. On average, the predicted values were within a half-standard deviation of the observed EQ-5D-5L and PROPr scores. The beta-binomial regression model slightly improved over the OLS model in predicting the EQ-5D-5L from the PROPr but was equivalent to the OLS model in predicting the PROPr.

Conclusion
Despite substantial mean differences, the EQ-5D-5L and PROPr have similar cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with other variables. We provide the OLS regression equations for use in cost-effectiveness research and meta-analyses. Future studies are needed to compare these measures with different conditions and interventions to provide more information on their relative validity.
Exploring the factors impacting choice and quality of overnight private hospital stays and consumer perspectives on patient reported experience measures (PREMs) in Australia: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Verlis Krista , McCaffery Kirsten , Copp Tessa , Dodd Rachael , Laidsaar-Powell Rebekah , Nickel Brooke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Patient reported experience measures (PREMs) are tools often utilised in hospitals to support quality improvements and to provide objective feedback on care experiences. Less commonly PREMs can be used to support consumers choices in their hospital care. Little is known about the experience and views of the Australian consumer regarding PREMs nor the considerations these consumers have when they need to make decisions about attending hospital. This study aimed to explore consumer awareness of PREMs, consumer attitudes towards PREMs and the utility of PREMs as a decision-making tool in accessing hospital care.

Methods
Qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews conducted over the phone. Participants (n = 40) were recruited from across Australia and purposively sampled according to key characteristics: holding private health insurance, > 30-years of age, may have accessed private hospital care in the past year, variety of educational and cultural backgrounds, and if urban or rural residing. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically.

Results
Four overarching themes and six subthemes were identified from the data. Major findings were that prior awareness of PREMs was limited; however, many had filled in a PREM either for themselves or for someone they cared for following a hospital stay. Most respondents preferred to listen to experience of self or family/friends or the recommendation of their physician when choosing a hospital to attend. Participants appeared to be more interested in the treating clinician than the hospital with this clinician often dictating the hospital or hospital options. If provided choice in hospital, issues of additional costs, timeliness of treatment and location were important factors.

Conclusion
While PREMs were considered a possible tool to assist in hospital decision-making process, previous hospital experiences, the doctor and knowing up-front cost are an overriding consideration for consumers when choosing their hospital. Consideration to format and presentation of PREMs data is needed to facilitate understanding and allow meaningful comparisons. Future research could examine the considerations of those consumers who primarily access public healthcare facilities and how to improve the utility of PREMs.
Genomic analysis of BAX and Bcl-2 gene mutations in human papilloma virus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Ekundina Victor O. , Omon Emmanuel A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the current study was to molecularly determine Bcl-2 and BAX gene mutations in HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Methods
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, all consisting of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, were used for this study. The nucleic acid amplification technique and various steps for DNA sequencing, including DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction, were used.

Results
Mutations were detected in the Bcl-2 gene of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in the 10–860 bp region, while BAX gene mutations were detected in the 10–320 bp region. The nucleotide mutations in the Bcl-2 gene were A > G (50%), C > T (33.33%), and G > A > T (16.67%), while the BAX gene mutations were A > (16.67%), T > (16.67%), G > (16.67%), A > C (16.67%), T > G (16.67%), and T > C (16.67%). The mutations in the BAX gene were Indel (50%), Transversion (33.4%), and Transition (16.6%), while only the Transition mutation (100%) was detected in the Bcl-2 gene. The functional mutations in the BAX gene were only missense mutations (100%), but in the Bcl-2 gene, the functional mutations were missense (50%) and silent (50%) mutations.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed genomic mutations of different types and frequencies in the BAX and Bcl-2 genes in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, which should encourage further research to better understand these mutations and exploit them for clinical use.
Is Rewilding Twenty-First-Century Primitivism?
Authors: Etherington Ben 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This essay considers whether the contemporary rewilding movement is a reincarnation of twentieth-century primitivism. Both reject capitalist modernity’s drive to dominate nature, and both idealize an originary or innate natural condition. Both are also galvanized by the perception that the condition they idealize is on the verge of extinction and so must be regenerated through primitivist or rewilding praxis. Where primitivist idealism typically is trained on those forms of human life regarded as “primitive,” rewilders tend to be more concerned with the “wildness” of whole ecologies. Covering a range of articulations of rewilding, from conservation biology to green anarchism, the essay argues that the question of what constitutes “wild” humanity nevertheless shadows all rewilding discourse. This persistently has led rewilding toward the kinds of racialized idealism for which primitivism has so frequently been arraigned. The final part of the essay compares the role of aesthetic practice in primitivism and rewilding by considering recent fictions of rewilding by Sarah Hall, Charlotte McConaghy, and Jeff VanderMeer. Unlike primitivism’s pervasive anti-scientism, we find in these novels the narration of a process by which scientific reason transcends the study of wild things to itself become the wild.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Residual, Recurrent, and Metastatic Hemangiopericytomas: A Single-Institution Retrospective Experience
Authors: Yoo Kelly H. , Park David J. , Veeravagu Anand , Persad Amit , Lee Marco , Marianayagam Neelan J. , Zamarud Aroosa , Gu Xuejun , Pollom Erqi L. , Soltys Scott G. , Meola Antonio , Chang Steven D. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Hemangiopericytomas are infrequent vascular tumors originating from Zimmermann pericytes. The conventional treatment involves gross total resection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Nevertheless, their tendency to infiltrate dural sinuses, high vascularity, and anatomic complexity pose challenges for radical resection, leading to a significant risk of recurrence. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a promising adjuvant therapy to address these challenges. Our study provides the largest single-institutional retrospective, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SRS as a treatment modality for residual, recurrent, and metastatic hemangiopericytomas.

METHODS:
From 1998 to 2023, 27 patients with 101 tumors underwent CyberKnife SRS at Stanford University Medical Center. The median age was 51 years at the time of treatment. The median follow-up period from SRS was 103 months (range: 6-250). All patients underwent upfront surgical resection. The median tumor volume was 1.5 cc. The median single-fraction equivalent dose was 19 Gy. The SRS was administered at the 76% of the median isodose line (range: 64-89).

RESULTS:
Of the 101 treated tumors, 24 (23.8%) progressed with a median time to recurrence of 30 months. At 10 years, the rates of local tumor control (LTC), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were 74.3%, 80.8%, and 67%, respectively. In patients with metastatic lesions, the LTC rates were significantly greater when compared with those with residual or recurrent tumors. There was no significant difference between patients with residual, recurrent, and metastatic hemangiopericytomas in OS and PFS. Notably, no cases of radiation-induced adverse events were detected.

CONCLUSION:
SRS leads to excellent LTC, PFS, and OS at 10 years with negligible risk for adverse events. Therefore, it is an effective and safe management modality for patients with residual, recurrent, and metastatic hemangiopericytomas.
Prediction method of long-term creep deformation of mobile phone resin lens module in a harsh temp environment
Authors: Sun Ruqian , Xie Jiaqing , He Shirong , Fan Haiyan , Guo Chengli , Nan Xiaohui , Meng Xiaoyu , Pang Haoran 
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the replacement cycle of digital products such as mobile phones in the market has significantly increased, and the accurate prediction of attenuation under long-term usage conditions of the lens module, storage, and other components has become important. The vast majority of mobile phone lens modules are processed from optical resins, and the degradation of their imaging performance is mainly caused by assembly deformation and long-term creep deformation after a high-temperature reliability test. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable model to describe the long-term creep deformation of the mobile phone resin lens module in a harsh temperature environment. This study proposed a modified derivation method for the parameters of the Maxwell constitutive model to predict the long-term creep deformation of the mobile phone resin lens module in a high-temperature environment. The fitting accuracy of the modified generalized Maxwell model and the time-hardening model were compared through uniaxial compression creep experiments. Long-term creep simulations and experiments were conducted on the mobile phone resin lens module; the deformation law of each component of the mobile phone resin lens module was identified; and the creep deformation mechanism was elucidated. The result shows that the modified generalized Maxwell model has much higher accuracy than the time-hardening model in predicting the long-term creep deformation of different resin materials. When considering the influence of the creep phenomenon, the simulation result matches well with the experimental result, and the high-temperature creep mechanism of the mobile phone resin lens module was clarified. In addition, it was found that the maximum deformation of the lens occurred at the lens with the largest size, which was 2.1 µm, and the position with the largest surface deviation was at the edge of the lens. The prediction method proposed in this study can provide guidance and correction suggestions for the structural design of a mobile phone resin lens module and the rationality of optical design; thus, the imaging accuracy of lens modules will be guaranteed to the greatest extent possible.
High rates of deferring antiretroviral treatment for patients with HIV and substance use disorders: Results from a national sample of HIV physicians in Ukraine
Authors: Ottesen Taylor D. , Wickersham Jeffrey A. , Lawrence Juliana C. , Antoniak Sergii , Zezuilin Oleksandr , Polonsky Maxim , Antonyak Svitlana , Rozanova Julia , Dvoriak Sergii , Pykalo Iryna , Filippovych Myroslava , Altice Fredrick L. 
Published: July 2024

Background
HIV incidence and mortality are increasing in Ukraine despite their reductions globally, in part due to suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in key populations of people with HIV (PWH) where the epidemic is concentrated. As physicians are gatekeepers to ART prescription, stigma and discrimination barriers are understudied as a key to meeting HIV treatment targets in key populations.

Methods
A national sample (N = 204) of ART-prescribing physicians in Ukraine were surveyed between August and November 2019. Participants underwent a series of randomized, hypothetical HIV clinical scenarios and decided whether to initiate or defer (or withhold) ART. Scenarios varied based on 5 distinct CD4 counts (CD4: 17, 176, 305, 470, or 520 cells/mL) and 10 different PWH key populations. Z scores and McNemar’s test for paired samples were used to assess differences between key populations and CD4 count. Feeling thermometers were used to assess stigma-related measures toward key populations among physicians.

Results
Physicians were highly experienced (mean = 19 years) HIV treaters, female (80.4%), and trained in infectious diseases (76.5%). Patients who drink alcohol (range: 21.6%-23.5%) or use (PWUD range: 16.7%-20.1%) or inject (PWID range: 15.5%-20.1%) drugs were most likely to have ART deferred, even at AIDS-defining CD4 counts. PWID maintained on methadone, however, were significantly (p<0.001) less likely to have ART deferred compared with those who were not (range: 7.8%-12.7%) on methadone. Men who have sex with men (range: 5.4%-10.8%), transgender women (range: 4.9%-11.3%), sex workers (range: 3.9%-10.3%),and having an HIV-uninfected sex partner (range: 3.9%-9.3%) had the lowest likelihood of ART deferral. Increasing levels of stigma (i.e., feeling thermometers) towards a key population was correlated with ART deferral (i.e., discrimination).

Conclusions
Despite international and Ukrainian guidelines recommending ART prescription for all PWH, irrespective of risk or CD4 count, ART deferral by experienced HIV experts remains high in certain key populations, especially in PWH and substance use disorders. Strategies that initiate ART immediately after diagnosis (i.e., rapid start antiretroviral therapy), independent of risk group, should be prioritized to truly mitigate the current epidemic.
Industrial prospects on regulatory gaps and barriers in pharmaceutical exports and their counteraction: Local experiential with global implication
Authors: Mubarak Zobia , Abbas Nasir , Hashmi Furqan Khurshid , Shahbaz Hina , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan 
Published: July 2024

Background
The pharmaceutical sector in Pakistan has grown over a period with export potential, however, there are certain barriers in the framework that regulate the growth and export of domestically manufactured pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current challenges that hinder the export of pharmaceuticals, especially to the countries with stringent regulatory authorities (SRA), as perceived by the domestic pharmaceutical industry experts, and to highlight the facilitators that may help to resolve the identified challenges.

Methods
In a qualitative study, the data were collected from the consented experts from the pharmaceutical industries in Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, and Quetta. Industrial experts with a minimum of 10 years of experience and who were serving at managerial levels or above were recruited through purposive sampling. The semi-structured interviews were conducted for the collection of data from industrial experts. Thematic content analysis was applied to conclude the data.

Results
Data analysis generated 4 themes and 16 codes. The export of pharmaceuticals, despite having greater potential was regarded as poor, which was attributed to the following: (a) inadequate industrial research and development, particularly on new molecules (b) non-compliance with the cGMP standards, (c) absence of high-tech equipment, (d) unwillingness of the pharmaceutical companies for bioequivalence studies on their generics, (e) unavailability of locally manufactured active pharmaceutical ingredients, (f) disruption in the supply of imported raw material, (g) poor international market perception about local pharmaceutical products and (h) lack of support from regulatory in process expedition. The respondents also suggested the measures for overcoming the above challenges to boost the export of domestic pharmaceuticals and expand their international market share in countries with SRA.

Conclusion
Export from Pakistan to the SRA countries can be enhanced with mandatory bioequivalence studies during generic registration. The pharmaceuticals export could effectively contribute to the national economy.
Dietary diversity and nutritional status of adults living with HIV during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Abdulai Kasim , Alhassan Abdul Rauf , Aleboko Safianu Osman , Ahmed Mohammed Doobia , Seidu Mohammed Awal , Fremah Adom Odei-Asare , Kumah Rhoda 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about unique challenges in healthcare and nutrition, particularly for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Understanding their dietary patterns and nutritional status is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving health outcomes. Therefore, this study assessed the dietary diversity and nutritional status of PLHIV during the COVID-19 era.MethodsWe adopted a facility-based cross-sectional study design to enroll 220 PLHIV from two hospitals in the Central Region of Ghana. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour recall. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected with a stadiometer and a body composition monitor. Dietary diversity was evaluated using the FAO’s Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). Data analysis was conducted with SPSS version 20. Significance level was set p-value less than 0.05.ResultsA significant proportion (33.2%) of PLHIV had low dietary diversity, with the majority (55.5%) categorized as needing dietary improvement. Approximately 2 out of every 10 of the participants were identified as underweight. Participants aged 40 to 59 years were more likely to exhibit higher dietary diversity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.966, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.045–4.987). Participants who consumed meals at least three times daily were more likely to have a high IDDS (AOR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.221, 8.879). Employed participants (public sector and private sector) were also more likely to have a high IDDS compared to unemployed participants (AOR = 1.448, 95% CI: 1.028–3.042; AOR = 1.165, 95% CI: 1.030–9.329, respectively). Factors associated with undernutrition included being female (AOR = 1.829, 95% CI: 1.294, 3.872) and first-line antiretroviral therapy ART (AOR = 1.683, 95% CI: 1.282–2.424).ConclusionThe study emphasizes the need for nutritional interventions for PLHIV, particularly during crises. It advocates for a policy collaboration to address food insecurity and promote resilient health outcomes.
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Using a Cold Fibrillatory Cardiac Arrest Technique in Patients With Prior Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Gray Zachary , Loor Gabriel , Shafii Alexis E. , Rosengart Todd K. , Liao Kenneth K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (mini-MVS) is typically reserved for patients who have not undergone open cardiac surgery. In the reoperative setting, using intrapericardial dissection for crossclamping the aorta through a minimally invasive approach can be difficult and, at times, risky. Cold fibrillatory cardiac arrest (CFCA) with systemic cardiopulmonary bypass without cross-clamping is a well-described technique; however, data about its safety for patients who undergo reoperative mini-MVS are limited.

Methods:
Data for 34 patients who underwent reoperative mini-MVS with CFCA from March 2017 to March 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. A mini right thoracotomy (n = 30) or robotic (n = 4) approach was used. Systemic hypothermia was induced to a target temperature of 25 °C.

Results:
Patient mean (SD) age was 64.5 (9.6) years, and 15 of 34 (44.1%) patients were women. Of those 34 patients, 23 (67.6%) had severe regurgitation, and 11 (32.4%) had severe stenosis. Before mini-MVS, 28 patients had undergone valve surgery, and 8 had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The mitral valve was repaired in 5 of 34 (14.7%) and replaced in 29 of 34 (85.3%) patients. No difference was observed in preoperative and postoperative left ventricular function (P = .82). In 1 patient, kidney failure developed that necessitated dialysis. No postoperative stroke or mortality at 30 days occurred.

Conclusion:
Mini-MVS with CFCA is well tolerated in patients with prior cardiac surgery. Myocardial function was not impaired, nor was the risk of stroke increased in this cohort, indicating that CFCA is a safe alternative in this high-risk population.