bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to cannabinoid type 1 receptor co‐react with stomatin‐like protein 2 in mouse brain mitochondria
Authors: Morozov Yury M. , Dominguez Martin H. , Varela Luis , Shanabrough Marya , Koch Marco , Horvath Tamas L. , Rakic Pasko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAnti‐cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) polyclonal antibodies are widely used to detect the presence of CB1 in a variety of brain cells and their organelles, including neuronal mitochondria. Surprisingly, we found that anti‐CB1 sera, in parallel with CB1, also recognize the mitochondrial protein stomatin‐like protein 2. In addition, we show that the previously reported effect of synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212‐2 on mitochondrial complex III respiration is not detectable in purified mitochondrial preparations. Thus, our study indicates that a direct relationship between endocannabinoid signaling and mitochondrial functions in the cerebral cortex seems unlikely, and that caution should be taken interpreting findings obtained using anti‐CB1 antibodies.
Optimizing SPECT SISCOM analysis to localize seizure‐onset zone by using varying z scores
Authors: Newey Christopher R. , Wong Chong , Irene Wang Z. , Chen Xin , Wu Guiyun , Alexopoulos Andreas V. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPurposeSubtraction ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) co‐registered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (SISCOM) is a useful modality to identify epileptogenic focus. Using this technique, several studies have generally considered the area of highest ictal hyperperfusion, as outlined by thresholding the difference images with a standard z score of 2, to be highly concordant to the epileptogenic focus. In clinical practice, several factors influence ictal hyperperfusion and using different SISCOM thresholds can be helpful. We aimed to systematically evaluate the localizing value of various z scores (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5) in a seizure‐free cohort following resective epilepsy surgery, and to examine the localizing information of perfusion patterns observed at each z score.MethodsTwenty‐six patients were identified as having ictal‐interictal SPECT images, preoperative and postoperative MRI studies, and having remained seizure free for at least 6 months after temporal or extratemporal surgical resection. SISCOM analysis was performed using preoperative MRI studies, and then blindly reviewed for localization of hyperperfused regions. With the added information from postoperative, coregistered MRI, perfusion patterns were determined.Key FindingsUsing pair‐wise comparisons, we found that the optimal z score for SPECT‐SISCOM localization of the epileptogenic zone was 1.5, not the commonly used z score of 2. The z score of 1.5 was 84.8% sensitive and 93.8% specific. The z score of 1.5 had a moderate interrater agreement (0.70). When an hourglass configuration hyperperfusion pattern was present, a trend toward correctly localizing the seizure onset region was suggested (100% of the 11 observed occurrences). Nonetheless this trend was not statistically significant, possibly reflecting the small number of occurrences in our study.SignificanceSISCOM is a useful modality in evaluating patients for epilepsy surgery. This study shows that the z score of 1.5 represents a highly sensitive and specific SISCOM threshold that should be examined in conjunction with the traditionally used z score of 2 to enhance the chances of correct localization. Further prospective investigations are needed to confirm this finding in large patient series.
The Reverse Majority Voting under the ‘Six Pack’: A Bad Turn for the Union?
Authors: Palmstorfer Rainer 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ‘six‐pack,’ a set of six Union legislative acts that was adopted in November 2011, was one of the main Union responses to the current sovereign debt crisis. Aware of the weak performance of the Stability and Growth Pact and of the underlying design faults of the Treaty provisions on the coordination of Member States' economic policies, in particular the multilateral surveillance procedure (Art 121 TFEU) and the excessive deficit procedure (Article 126 TFEU), the legislators were determined to strengthen the means of surveillance in this policy field. One step considered necessary to achieve this end was the introduction of reverse majority voting in the Council when the latter has to adopt, for example, sanctions in above procedures. This article will examine whether this voting method is compatible with the Treaties.
Latitudinal shifts in coral reef fishes: why some species do and others do not shift
Authors: Feary David A , Pratchett Morgan S , J Emslie Micheal , Fowler Ashley M , Figueira Will F , Luiz Osmar J , Nakamura Yohei , Booth David J 
Published: April 2013

AbstractClimate change is resulting in rapid poleward shifts in the geographical distribution of many tropical fish species, but it is equally apparent that some fishes are failing to exhibit expected shifts in their geographical distribution. There is still little understanding of the species‐specific traits that may constrain or promote successful establishment of populations in temperate regions. We review the factors likely to affect population establishment, including larval supply, settlement and post‐settlement processes. In addition, we conduct meta‐analyses on existing and new data to examine relationships between species‐specific traits and vagrancy. We show that tropical vagrant species are more likely to originate from high‐latitude populations, while at the demographic level, tropical fish species with large body size, high swimming ability, large size at settlement and pelagic spawning behaviour are more likely to show successful settlement into temperate habitats. We also show that both habitat and food limitation at settlement and within juvenile stages may constrain tropical vagrant communities to those species with medium to low reliance on coral resources.
Beaver dams maintain fish biodiversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity throughout a low‐gradient stream network
Authors: Smith Joseph M. , Mather Martha E. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Understanding the relationship between heterogeneity and biodiversity is an active focus of ecological research. Although habitat heterogeneity is conceptually linked to biodiversity, the amount and configuration of heterogeneity that maintains biodiversity within ecosystems is not well understood, especially for an entire stream network.
Here, we tested alternative outcomes about how habitat alterations caused by beaver dams affected native fish biodiversity. Specifically, we quantified in‐stream habitat and fish assemblages above and below all beaver dams (n = 15) and selected control sites (n = 9), adjacent to beaver dams, within an entire, low‐gradient stream network (Fish Brook, MA, U.S.A.).
Beaver dams altered habitat within streams in four ways based on upstream versus downstream differences in stream width, depth, velocity and substratum. In general, habitat heterogeneity, measured using two indices, was greater at beaver dams than control sites.
The diversity and abundance of fish around beaver dams were positively related to habitat heterogeneity. Faster water and the coarser substratum below beaver dams increased the amount of fluvial habitat available to native fish. This alteration can be critical for fish with life histories that depend on flowing water and hard substrata.
In summary, within a stream network, beaver dams maintained fish biodiversity by altering in‐stream habitat and increasing habitat heterogeneity. Understanding the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity can advance basic freshwater ecology and provide science‐based support for applied aquatic conservation.
Combining monitoring, models and palaeolimnology to assess ecosystem response to environmental change at monthly to millennial timescales: the stability of Blue Lake, North Stradbroke Island, Australia
Authors: Barr Cameron , Tibby John , Marshall Jonathan C. , McGregor Glenn B. , Moss Patrick T. , Halverson Galen P. , Fluin Jennie 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Human‐induced environmental change threatens freshwater ecosystems, and knowing how these systems have responded to past variability can inform management decisions. Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions provide insight, although their low temporal resolution may mask short‐term responses. Hence, a combination of short‐term, high‐resolution contemporary data and long‐term, low‐resolution palaeoenvironmental data can offer greater understanding of system behaviour.

We demonstrate this approach by examining the response of a lake on North Stradbroke Island, Australia, to environmental change, by investigating hydrological and water quality variation at different temporal scales. The data include daily lake discharge, monthly water quality, modelled annual lake discharge over a 117‐year period and comparisons of aerial photographs and lake bathymetry over the past 65 years. A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the last c. 7500 years used pollen, stable isotopes, macrofossils and diatoms to provide a long‐term perspective.

Despite variability in regional climate over recent decades, the depth and water chemistry of Blue Lake displayed little variation. At millennial timescales, there is clear evidence of catchment change in response to a marked shift in climate around 4500 years ago. However, diatom analysis indicates that Blue Lake has exhibited exceptional stability and resistance to change, compared to other Australian Holocene lake records. This suggests that Blue Lake has been an important climate refuge for aquatic biota in the past and, with appropriate management, should continue in this capacity into the future.

This study highlights the benefits of a combined, multi‐temporal approach to inform understanding of the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems and their responses to environmental change. Such scientific understanding of system requirements is critical to achieving sustainable management objectives.
Keeping management effects separate from environmental effects in terrestrial carbon accounting
Authors: Houghton Richard A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study proposes that carbon fluxes identified as being from land use and land‐cover change (LULCC) include only that component of a flux that can be attributed to LULCC, exclusive of the effects of environmental change (CO2, climate, N, etc.). This proposal seems too obvious to need saying, but published estimates of the LULCC flux are widely variable for reasons that have more to do with modeling environmental effects than with LULCC.
Longitudinal study of the cognitive, behavioral and physical status of day care service users with dementia: Factors associated with long‐term day care use
Authors: Ono Toshiyuki , Tamai Akira , Takeuchi Daisuke , Tamai Yuzuru , Hasegawa Yuka 
Published: April 2013

AimThe aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the time‐courses of the cognitive, behavioral and physical status of day care service users with dementia, and to determine the factors associated with the long‐term use of day care in order to aid the development of better interventions.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 162 consecutive patients who attended our day care clinic for 1 year or more between 1 April 2000 and 31 March 2010. The patients were divided into three groups according to the length of their day care attendance (the 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year groups). Then, we investigated the time‐courses of their cognitive, behavioral and physical status. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the factors that affect the duration of day care service attendance in dementia patients.ResultsThe Hasegawa Dementia Scale‐Revised (HDS‐R), Assessment Scale for Symptoms of Dementia (ASSD) and Nishimura's Activities of Daily Living (N‐ADL) scores of the three groups all significantly deteriorated during the study period except for the HDS‐R score of the 3‐year group. Higher age and a high ASSD score were associated with a short period of day care service attendance, whereas the patients' daughters‐in‐law acting as a caregiver was related to the long‐term use of day care services in model 1.ConclusionsIt is better to control behavioral and psychological symptoms in order to improve the utilities of day care for dementia patients. The caregiving environment of dementia patients might be associated with the length of day care attendance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 138–145.
Ivy: an underappreciated key resource to flower‐visiting insects in autumn
Authors: Garbuzov Mihail , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Ivy (Hedera helix and H. hibernica) is a common autumn‐flowering plant found in Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Asia. Here, we use five complementary approaches (pollen trapping, nectar refractometry, local and regional surveys of insects foraging on ivy flowers, local survey of ivy abundance) to evaluate its importance to the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and other flower‐visiting insects in Sussex, England.

Pollen trapping at six hives in two locations showed that an average 89% of pollen pellets collected by honey bees in the autumn were from ivy.

Observations of foraging honey bees on ivy showed that ivy nectar is an even greater target than pollen, as 80% were collecting only nectar. Refractometry of samples from ivy flowers and from honey bees foraging on ivy showed that ivy nectar is rich in sugar, 49% w/w.

Surveys showed that the main insect taxa foraging on ivy were honey bees (21%), bumble bees (Bombus spp., 3%), ivy bees (Colletes hederae, 3%), common wasps (Vespula vulgaris, 13%), hover flies (Syrphidae, 27%), other flies (29%) and butterflies (4%). The surveys also showed significant temporal and spatial variation in taxon abundance and proportion.

A survey showed that ivy was very abundant on a small scale in both rural and urban areas, being present in 10/10 and 6/10 0.2 × 0.2 km samples within two 4 × 4 km areas respectively.

The results show that ivy should probably be considered a keystone species with a high value in the conservation of flower‐visiting insects in autumn.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of purple Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora, L.) foams
Authors: Chaves Modesto A. , Barreto Isadora M. A. , Reis Ronielli C. , Kadam Dattatreya M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe objective of this work was to characterise the foams of purple Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) pulp made with different additives, aiming at foam‐mat drying. Characterisation was made through analyses of moisture, pH, acidity, soluble solids, density, water activity, colour, total and reducing sugars, protein and ashes. Drying was done at 55 °C for 2 h. Dried Brazilian cherry juice powder was rehydrated for acceptance test. It is concluded that the physicochemical characterisation of fresh Brazilian cherry pulp was satisfactory and was in accordance with the Brazilian standards for agro‐industrial products. Albumin was the best foaming agent that produced a good‐quality powder in a short period. The foam‐mat drying of Brazilian cherry pulp using albumin and Superliga® (Duas Rodas Industrial ltda, Santa Catarina, Brazil) as foaming agents produced a powder with good physicochemical properties and sensory quality and most preferred juice.
Synthesis and Sintering Behavior of Ultrafine (<10 nm) Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Nanoparticles
Authors: Rufner Jorgen , Anderson David , van Benthem Klaus , Castro Ricardo H. R. 
Published: April 2013

This article reports a comparative characterization of ultrafine MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles synthesized by polymeric precursor (Pechini) and coprecipitation methods. The nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of purity and surface cleanliness, size distribution, state of agglomeration, and sintering behavior. Powders synthesized by the Pechini technique were highly agglomerated and revealed a bimodal particle size distribution centered around 12 and 27 nm. Thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy measurements indicated that carbon species remained on the surface of the powders only to be released when temperatures exceeded 1000°C. Isothermal sintering of such nanopowders at 1300°C showed a maximum relative density of only 54%. MgAl2O4 synthesized via coprecipitation created small nanoparticles, around 5–6 nm after calcination at 800°C, with significantly less agglomeration. Compared with the precursor‐derived powders, excellent sinterability of the coprecipitated powders was obtained under the same sintering conditions. Relative densities above 90% were obtained after only 10 min, which further increased to greater than 95% after 20 min with no sintering aids or dopants. The results highlight the importance of purity and processing control to exploit the beneficial high sinterability of nanoparticles.
Solvothermal Synthesis of In2−xCoxO3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors: Optical, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Khatoon Sarvari , Coolahan Kelsey , Lofland Samuel E. , Ahmad Tokeer 
Published: April 2013

Highly crystalline and monophasic nanoparticles of In2−xCoxO3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) were successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method through an oxalate precursor route. Collective evidence from X‐ray diffraction and reflectance measurements suggest that the Co2+ is incorporated into the In2O3 lattice site. Effect of cobalt dopant on the growth and morphology of indium oxide was studied by transmission electron microscopy. It has been observed that particle size decreases from 23 to 9 nm on increasing the Co concentration. High surface area has been obtained, with values ranging between 66 and 151 m2/g, respectively. Values for the dielectric constant were around 40. All these solid solutions show paramagnetic behavior with weak antiferromagnetic interactions.
Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta‐analysis of prospective observational studies
Authors: Gudala Kapil , Bansal Dipika , Schifano Fabrizio , Bhansali Anil 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes and the risk of all type dementia (ATD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).Materials and MethodsProspective observational studies describing the incidence of ATD, AD and VaD in patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE and other databases up to January 2012. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also carried out.ResultsA total of 28 studies contributed to the analysis. Pooled RR of developing ATD (n = 20) was 1.73 (1.65–1.82, I2 = 71.2%), AD (n = 20) was 1.56 (1.41–1.73, I2 = 9.8%) and VaD (n = 13) was 2.27 (1.94–2.66, I2 = 0%) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Higher and medium quality studies did not show any significant difference for pooled RR for ATD, AD or VaD. Sensitivity analyses showed robustness of pooled RR among ATD, AD and VaD, showing no single study had a major impact on pooled RR.ConclusionsThe results showed a 73% increased risk of ATD, 56% increase of AD and 127% increase of VaD in diabetes patients.
Bee visit rates vary with floral morphology among highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
Authors: Courcelles D. M. M. , Button L. , Elle E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAs the human population has increased, so too has the demand for biotically pollinated crops. Bees (Apoidea) are essential for pollen transfer and fruit production in many crops, and their visit patterns can be influenced by floral morphology. Here, we considered the role of floral morphology on visit rates and behaviour of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) and wild bumble bees (genus Bombus), for four highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). We measured five floral traits for each cultivar, finding significant variation among cultivars. Corolla throat diameter may be the main morphological determinant of visit rates of honey bees, which is significantly higher on the wider flowers of cv. ‘Duke’ than on ‘Bluecrop’ or ‘Draper’. Honey bees also visited cv. ‘Duke’ legitimately but were frequent nectar robbers on the long, narrow flowers of cv. ‘Bluecrop’. Bumble bees were infrequent (and absent on cv. ‘Draper’) but all observed visits were legitimate. Crop yield was highest for the cultivar with the highest combined (honey bee + bumble bee) visit rate, suggesting that aspects of floral morphology that affect pollinator visit patterns should be considered in crop breeding initiatives.
Clinicopathological significance of S100 protein expression in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sato Yasunori , Harada Kenichi , Sasaki Motoko , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimCholangiocarcinoma arising in the large bile ducts undergoes a multistep carcinogenesis process in chronic biliary diseases, and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia is known as a precursor lesion. This study examined the expression of S100 proteins in the multistep cholangiocarcinogenesis to clarify their clinicopathological significance.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis was performed for the expression of S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, and S100P. Bile concentrations of S100P were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe immunohistochemical expression of the S100 proteins was increased in biliary intraepithelial neoplasia as well as invasive adenocarcinoma of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Among the proteins, S100P expression was most drastically increased during the multistep carcinogenesis process. In cases with perihilar and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the immunohistochemical expression of S100A2 in cholangiocarcinoma cells significantly correlated with the histological grade, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and a poor survival rate of the patients. The bile levels of S100P were increased significantly in patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with those in patients with lithiasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that S100P bile concentration was an indicator of cholangiocarcinoma with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 70%.ConclusionsThese results suggest that S100P may be useful for the detection of cholangiocarcinoma as tissue and bile biomarkers, and the immunohistochemical expression of S100A2 is a potential prognostic marker in cholangiocarcinoma patients.
OsRRMh, a Spen‐Like Gene, Plays an Important Role During the Vegetative to Reproductive Transition in Rice
Authors: Liu Derui , Cai Xiuling 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOsRRMh, a homologue of OsRRM, encodes a Spen‐like protein, and is composed of two N‐terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and one C‐terminal Spen paralogue and an orthologue C‐terminal domain (SPOC). The gene has been found to be constitutively expressed in the root, stem, leaf, spikelet, and immature seed, and alternative splicing patterns were confirmed in different tissues, which may indicate diverse functions for OsRRMh. The OsRRMh dsRNAi lines exhibited late‐flowering and a larger panicle phenotype. When full‐length OsRRMh and/or its SPOC domain were overexpressed, the fertility rate and number of spikelets per panicle were both markedly reduced. Also, overexpression of OsRRMh in the Arabidopsis fpa mutant did not restore the normal flowering time, and it delayed flowering in Col plants. Therefore, we propose that OsRRMh may confer one of its functions in the vegetative‐to‐reproductive transition in rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cv. Zhonghua No. 11 (ZH11)).