bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A knowledge‐based approach to Information Extraction for semantic interoperability in the archaeology domain
Authors: Vlachidis Andreas , Tudhope Douglas 
Published: March 2015

The article presents a method for automatic semantic indexing of archaeological grey‐literature reports using empirical (rule‐based) Information Extraction techniques in combination with domain‐specific knowledge organization systems. The semantic annotation system (OPTIMA) performs the tasks of Named Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, Negation Detection, and Word‐Sense Disambiguation using hand‐crafted rules and terminological resources for associating contextual abstractions with classes of the standard ontology CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) for cultural heritage and its archaeological extension, CRM‐EH.Relation Extraction (RE) performance benefits from a syntactic‐based definition of RE patterns derived from domain oriented corpus analysis. The evaluation also shows clear benefit in the use of assistive natural language processing (NLP) modules relating to Word‐Sense Disambiguation, Negation Detection, and Noun Phrase Validation, together with controlled thesaurus expansion.The semantic indexing results demonstrate the capacity of rule‐based Information Extraction techniques to deliver interoperable semantic abstractions (semantic annotations) with respect to the CIDOC CRM and archaeological thesauri. Major contributions include recognition of relevant entities using shallow parsing NLP techniques driven by a complimentary use of ontological and terminological domain resources and empirical derivation of context‐driven RE rules for the recognition of semantic relationships from phrases of unstructured text.
A critical analysis of thermochemical cellulosic biorefinery capital cost estimates
Authors: Brown Tristan R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis analysis quantifies the impact of capital cost estimation methodologies and probability distributions on the 20‐year net present values (NPV) of six thermochemical cellulosic biofuel pathways. It reviews the methodologies and distributions employed in the open literature, and compares the latter with those reported for existing energy projects. A sensitivity analysis calculates the impact of methodology choice on the NPV of each pathway scenario and an uncertainty analysis calculates the impact of probability distribution choice on the same. The sensitivity analysis finds that the choice of pessimistic or optimistic estimation methodology changes NPV by up to $300 million. The uncertainty analysis finds that the representation of capital cost by asymmetrical probability distributions increases the standard deviations of the 20‐year NPV cumulative distribution functions by up to 35% relative to symmetrical distributions. Finally, recommendations are given to improve capital cost calculations in cellulosic biofuel techno‐economic analyses. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Infrared and visible emissions of rare‐earth‐doped CeO2 phosphor
Authors: Chandrakar D. , Kaur J. , Dubey V. , Suryanarayana N. S. , Parganiha Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper reports the synthesis and characterization of Er3+‐doped CeO2 phosphor with variable concentrations of erbium. The sample was synthesized using a solid‐state reaction method, which is useful for the large‐scale production of phosphors and is also eco‐friendly. The prepared sample was characterized using an X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The XRD pattern confirmed that sample has the pure cubic fluorite crystal structure of CeO2. The crystallite size of the prepared phosphor was determined by Scherer's formula and the crystallite size giving an intense XRD peak is 40.06 nm. The surface morphology of the phosphor was determined by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM). From the FEGSEM image, good surface morphology with some agglomerates was found. The functional group in the prepared sample was analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All samples prepared with variable concentrations of Er3+ (0.1–2 mol%) were studied by photoluminescence analysis and it was found that the excitation spectra of the prepared phosphor shows broad excitation centred at 251 nm. Emission spectra at different concentrations of Er3+ show strong peaks at 413 and 470 nm and a weaker peak at 594 nm. The dominant peaks at 413 and 470 nm are caused by the allowed electronic transition 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 and the weaker transition at 594 nm is due to the transition 4 F9/2 → 4I15/2. Spectrophotometric determinations of peaks were evaluated using the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) technique. The emission spectra were also observed using an infrared (IR) laser 980 nm source, and three distinct peaks were found in the IR region at 848, 870 and 980 nm. The prepared phosphor has utility for application in display devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water‐soluble polymeric chemosensor for selective detection of Hg2+ in aqueous solution using rhodamine‐based modified poly(acrylamide–acrylic acid)
Authors: Geng Tong‐Mou , Wu Da‐Yu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report the fabrication of a novel easily available turn‐on fluorescent water‐soluble polymeric chemosensor for Hg2+ ions that was simply prepared by micellar free radical polymerization of a water‐insoluble organic rhodamine‐based Hg2+‐recognizing monomer (GR6GH), with hydrophilic monomers acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA). The chemical structure of the polymeric sensor was characterized by FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The apparent viscosity average molecular weight Mη of poly(acrylamide–acrylic acid) [poly(AM–NaAA)] and the water‐soluble polymeric chemosensor poly(AM–NaAA–GR6GH) were 1.76 × 106 and 6.84 × 104 g/mol, respectively. Because of its amphiphilic property, the water‐soluble polymeric chemosensor can be used as a chemosensor in aqueous media. Upon addition of Hg2+ ions to an aqueous solution of poly(AM–NaAA–GR6GH), fluorescence enhancements were observed instantly. Moreover, other metal ions did not induce obvious changes to the fluorescence spectra. This approach may provide an easily measurable and inherently sensitive method for Hg2+ ion detection in environmental and biological applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the role of hnRNP‐C and FMRP in the cAMP‐induced APP metabolism
Authors: Rivera D. , Fedele E. , Marinari U.M. , Pronzato M.A. , Ricciarelli R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) modulates synaptic plasticity and memory and manipulation of the cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP responsive element binding protein pathway significantly affects cognitive functions. Notably, cAMP can increase the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose proteolytic processing gives rise to amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Despite playing a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's disease, physiological concentrations of Aβ are necessary for the cAMP‐mediated regulation of long‐term potentiation, supporting the existence of a novel cAMP/APP/Aβ cascade with a crucial role in memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cAMP stimulates APP expression and Aβ production remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether hnRNP‐C and FMRP, two RNA‐binding proteins largely involved in the expression of APP, are the cAMP effectors inducing the protein synthesis of APP. Using RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA‐silencing approaches, we found that neither hnRNP‐C nor FMRP is required for cAMP to stimulate APP and Aβ production. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(2):121–126, 2015
Review lipopeptides biosurfactants: Mean classes and new insights for industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications
Authors: Mnif Inès , Ghribi Dhouha 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTLipopeptides are microbial surface active compounds produced by a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, and yeast. They are characterized by high structural diversity and have the ability to decrease the surface and interfacial tension at the surface and interface, respectively. Surfactin, iturin, and fengycin of Bacillus subtilis are among the most popular lipopeptides. Lipopepetides can be applied in diverse domains as food and cosmetic industries for their emulsification/de‐emulsification capacity, dispersing, foaming, moisturizing, and dispersing properties. Also, they are qualified as viscosity reducers, hydrocarbon solubilizing and mobilizing agents, and metal sequestering candidates for application in environment and bioremediation. Moreover, their ability to form pores and destabilize biological membrane permits their use as antimicrobial, hemolytic, antiviral, antitumor, and insecticide agents. Furthermore, lipopeptides can act at the surface and can modulate enzymes activity permitting the enhancement of the activity of certain enzymes ameliorating microbial process or the inhibition of certain other enzymes permitting their use as antifungal agents. This article will present a detailed classification of lipopeptides biosurfactant along with their producing strain and biological activities and will discuss their functional properties and related applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 129–147, 2015.
Effects of biliopancreatic diversion on diurnal leptin, insulin and free fatty acid levels
Authors: Raffaelli M , Iaconelli A , Nanni G , Guidone C , Callari C , Fernandez Real J M , Bellantone R , Mingrone G 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Free fatty acid (FFA) levels are raised in obesity as a consequence of increased production and reduced clearance. They may link obesity with insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery can result in considerable weight loss and reduced insulin resistance, but the mechanism of action is not well understood. Although drugs such as metformin that lower insulin resistance can contribute to weight loss, a better understanding of the links between obesity, weight loss and changes in insulin resistance might lead to new approaches to patient management.

Methods
Variations in circulating levels of leptin, insulin and FFAs over 24 h were studied in severely obese (body mass index over 40 kg/m2) women before and 6 months after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp was used to assess insulin sensitivity. Levels of insulin, leptin and FFAs were measured every 20 min for 24 h. Pulsatile hormone and FFA analyses were performed.

Results
Among eight patients studied, insulin sensitivity more than doubled after BPD, from mean(s.d.) 39·78(7·74) to 96·66(27·01) mmol per kg fat-free mass per min, under plasma insulin concentrations of 102·29(9·60) and 93·61(9·95) µunits/ml respectively. The secretory patterns of leptin were significantly different from random but not statistically different before and after BPD, with the exception of the pulse height which was reduced after surgery. Both plasma insulin and FFA levels were significantly higher throughout the study day before BPD. Based on Granger statistical modelling, lowering of daily FFA levels was linked to decreased circulating leptin concentrations, which in turn were related to the lowering of daily insulin excursions. Multiple regression analysis indicated that FFA level was the only predictor of leptin level.

Conclusion
Lowering of circulating levels of FFAs after BPD may be responsible for the reduction in leptin secretion, which in turn can decrease circulating insulin levels. Surgical relevanceInsulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and type II diabetes. These patients are also relatively insensitive to the biological effects of leptin, a satiety hormone produced mainly in subcutaneous fat.Biliopancreatic diversion, a malabsorptive bariatric operation that drastically reduces circulating lipid levels, improves insulin resistance independently of weight loss. The mechanism of action, however, has still to be elucidated.This study demonstrated that normalization of insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery was associated with a reduction in 24-h free fatty acid concentrations and changes in the pattern of leptin peaks in plasma. Bariatric surgery improves the metabolic dysfunction of obesity, and this may be through a reduction in circulating free fatty acids and modification of leptin metabolism.
The Influence of Technology Differences on Corporate Environmental Patents: A Resource‐Based Versus an Institutional View of Green Innovations
Authors: Aragon‐Correa Juan Alberto , Leyva‐de la Hiz Dante I. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes that both the resource‐based view and institutional theory predict a positive relationship between the number of patented environmental innovations and non‐environmental innovations held by a firm, because they both are subject to the influence of similar factors. However, while the resource‐based view predicts that technological differences between the patented environmental innovations owned by a firm and those in the industry as a whole will positively affect the firm's environmental innovations, the institutional perspective predicts a negative relationship. Our results derive from a sample of 5537 environmental patents from 59 large companies in the electrical components and equipment industry worldwide, and show a positive relationship between patented environmental and non‐environmental innovations in a firm, but a negative influence on the number of the firm's patented environmental innovations resulting from differences between the firm's environmental technologies and those generally prevalent in the industry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Statins use and the risk of all and subtype hematological malignancies: a meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Pradelli Danitza , Soranna Davide , Zambon Antonella , Catapano Alberico , Mancia Giuseppe , La Vecchia Carlo , Corrao Giovanni 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn order to quantify the association between use of statins and the risk of all hematological malignancies and of subtypes, we performed a meta‐analysis of observational studies. We achieved a MEDLINE/EMBASE comprehensive search for studies published up to August 2014 investigating the association between use of statins and the risk of hematological malignancies, including Hodgkin‐ and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. Fixed‐ and random‐effect models were fitted to estimate the summary relative risk (RR) based on adjusted study‐specific results. Between‐study heterogeneity was assessed using the Q and I2 statistics and the sources of heterogeneity were investigated using Deeks' test. Moreover, an influence analysis was performed. Finally, publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot and Egger's regression asymmetry test. Fourteen studies (10 case–control and four cohort studies) contributed to the analysis. Statin use, compared to nonuse of statins, was negatively associated with all hematological malignancies taken together (summary RR 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77–0.96), with leukemia (0.83; 0.74–0.92), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (0.81; 0.68 to 0.96), but it was not related to the risk of myeloma (0.89; 0.53–1.51). Long‐term users of statins showed a statistically significant reduction in the risk of all hematological malignancies taken together (0.78; 0.71–0.87). Statistically significant between‐studies heterogeneity was observed for all outcome except for leukemia. Heterogeneity was caused by differences confounding‐adjustment level of the included studies only for Myeloma. No significant evidence of publication bias was found.
Assessing patients’ risk of febrile neutropenia: is there a correlation between physician‐assessed risk and model‐predicted risk?
Authors: Lyman Gary H. , Dale David C. , Legg Jason C. , Abella Esteban , Morrow Phuong Khanh , Whittaker Sadie , Crawford Jeffrey 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the correlation between the risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) estimated by physicians and the risk of severe neutropenia or FN predicted by a validated multivariate model in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Before patient enrollment, physician and site characteristics were recorded, and physicians self‐reported the FN risk at which they would typically consider granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) primary prophylaxis (FN risk intervention threshold). For each patient, physicians electronically recorded their estimated FN risk, orders for G‐CSF primary prophylaxis (yes/no), and patient characteristics for model predictions. Correlations between physician‐assessed FN risk and model‐predicted risk (primary endpoints) and between physician‐assessed FN risk and G‐CSF orders were calculated. Overall, 124 community‐based oncologists registered; 944 patients initiating chemotherapy with intermediate FN risk enrolled. Median physician‐assessed FN risk over all chemotherapy cycles was 20.0%, and median model‐predicted risk was 17.9%; the correlation was 0.249 (95% CI, 0.179−0.316). The correlation between physician‐assessed FN risk and subsequent orders for G‐CSF primary prophylaxis (n = 634) was 0.313 (95% CI, 0.135−0.472). Among patients with a physician‐assessed FN risk ≥20%, 14% did not receive G‐CSF orders. G‐CSF was not ordered for 16% of patients at or above their physician's self‐reported FN risk intervention threshold (median, 20.0%) and was ordered for 21% below the threshold. Physician‐assessed FN risk and model‐predicted risk correlated weakly; however, there was moderate correlation between physician‐assessed FN risk and orders for G‐CSF primary prophylaxis. Further research and education on FN risk factors and appropriate G‐CSF use are needed.
Selenium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)H Acyloxylation: Application in the Expedient Synthesis of Isobenzofuranones
Authors: Krätzschmar Felix , Kaßel Martin , Delony Daniel , Breder Alexander 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOxidative Se‐catalyzed C(sp3)H bond acyloxylation has been used to construct a diverse array of isobenzofuranones from simple ortho‐allyl benzoic acid derivatives. The synthetic procedure employs mild reaction conditions and gives high chemoselectivity enabled by an inexpensive organodiselane catalyst. The presented approach offers a new synthetic pathway toward the core structures of phthalide natural products.
Peripheral nerve stimulation measures in a composite gradient system
Authors: Goodrich K. Craig , Hadley J. Rock , Kim Seong‐Eun , Kaggie Joshua D. , Handler William B. , Chronik Blaine A. , Bolster Bradley D. , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPurpose: This work compared peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) thresholds for the MRI scanner body gradients (BODY), a head/neck insert gradient (INSERT), and the combination of both gradient sets used simultaneously (COMPOSITE). Methods: For BODY, INSERT and COMPOSITE gradients, PNS thresholds were determined by exposing subject volunteers to stepped increases in gradient strength. For COMPOSITE mode, the INSERT was applied at equal (experiment 1) or double (experiment 2) the BODY gradient strength. Results: The locations and thresholds of peripheral nerve stimulation depended on the gradient system configuration, gradient axis, and gradient strength. Stimulation in the body occurred when using the BODY Y‐gradient axis either singly (110 T/m/s) or in COMPOSITE mode (315 T/m/s experiment 2) and adding the insert gradient had negligible effect on stimulation. Stimulation in the head/sinus area generally occurred when using the INSERT X‐gradient either singly (213 T/m/s) or in COMPOSITE mode (320 T/m/s) and adding the body gradient had negligible effect on stimulation. In the COMPOSITE mode, both the location of stimulation and the limiting gradient strength matched location and strength of the limiting component gradient. Conclusion: Stimulation, to a first‐order approximation, is independent for the two gradient systems. In COMPOSITE mode, PNS can be dominated by either of the individual gradient components, indicating that the contribution of each component can be increased until the threshold limit of each component gradient is reached. COMPOSITE gradients provide increased gradient performance with PNS thresholds higher than either component gradient system operating alone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 44B: 66–74, 2015
An improved RF and gradient coil system for high resolution in vivo guinea pig cochlea imaging on a 3T clinical magnet
Authors: Kaggie Joshua D. , Goodrich K. Craig , Kim Seong‐eun , Beck Michael J. , Parker Dennis L. , Merrill Robb , Abele Travis A. , Wiggins Richard , Oakley Gretchen M. , Hadley J. Rock 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate a system consisting of an insertable gradient, RF coils, and animal positioning hardware to enable imaging of the internal structure of the cochlea and other inner ear structures of a guinea pig model at 3T.MethodsTransmit and receive RF coils, and an animal positioning system, were developed and integrated with an insertable gradient and animal monitoring system for improved guinea pig cochlea imaging when compared to a standard clinical 3T MRI system. A resolution phantom with 120 μm line separations was used to assess the contrast improvements with the insertable gradient. A homogeneous phantom was used to assess the SNR and homogeneity of the RF coils. FLASH imaging was used to observe the temporal passage of gadolinium contrast through the guinea pig cochlea.ResultsThe insertable gradient enabled increased resolution imaging with nearly twice the contrast‐to‐noise ratio. The small animal array had better SNR for imaging the guinea pig cochlea (about 14 mm deep) than the commercial Siemens wrist coil (2.2×) and the small birdcage coil (1.6×). The positioning device kept the animal secure and stationary. Injected gadolinium contrast allowed visualization of the internal cochlear structures with FLASH image acquisition, which achieved 100 μm isotropic resolution images in 33 min.ConclusionThe specialized RF coils and animal holding equipment designed to operate within the composite gradient enabled higher resolution images than could be obtained from the available RF coils operating in the conventional gradients on the clinical MRI system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 44B: 89–101, 2015