bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retaining talent by enhancing organizational prestige
Authors: Rathi Neerpal , Lee Kidong 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of perceived external prestige on turnover intentions among retail employees in India. Moreover, this study aims to explore the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between perceived external prestige and turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approach– This study is quantitative in nature. The data for the present study were collected from 186 employees working in various retail stores. Existing, established scales were used to measure the research constructs.Findings– The results of the study indicate a negative relationship between perceived external prestige and turnover intentions. A negative relationship was observed between affective commitment and turnover intentions. Moreover, affective commitment was observed to partially mediate the relationship between perceived external prestige and turnover intentions.Practical implications– This study provides valuable insights into understanding the significance of perceived external prestige in retaining employees working in the retail sector. Findings of the study indicate that adoption of non-conventional human resource strategies, like a focus on enhancing external prestige of the organization may be one of the ways to enhance employee commitment and reduce turnover intentions, and thus to retain employees in economies with highly mobile workforce.Originality/value– This research has investigated the significance of perceived external prestige in retaining employees in a context which is different, in several ways, from contexts where most of the previous research has been conducted. It, thus, contributes to current theoretical understanding about perceived external prestige and it impact on work attitudes.
Slowing work down by teleworking periodically in rural settings?
Authors: Vesala Hanne , Tuomivaara Seppo 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The rise of knowledge work has entailed controversial characteristics for well-being at work. Increased intensification, discontinuities and interruptions at work have been reported. However, knowledge workers have the opportunity to flexibly adjust their work arrangements to support their concentration, inspiration or recuperation. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the experienced well-being of 46 knowledge workers was subject to changes during and after a retreat type telework period in rural archipelago environment.Design/methodology/approach– The authors conducted a longitudinal survey among the participants at three points in time: one to three weeks before, during, and two to eight weeks after the period. The authors analyzed the experienced changes in psychosocial work environment and well-being at work by the measurement period by means of repeated measures variance analysis. In the next step the authors included the group variable of occupational position to the model.Findings– The analysis showed a decrease in the following measures: experienced time pressure, interruptions, negative feelings at work, exhaustiveness of work as well as stress and an increase in work satisfaction. There were no changes in experienced job influence, clarity of work goals and work engagement. Occupational position had some effect to the changes. Private entrepreneurs and supervisors experienced more remarkable effects of improvement in work-related well-being than subordinates. However, the effects were less sustainable for the supervisors than the other two groups.Originality/value– This paper provides insights into how work and well-being are affected by the immediate work environment and how well-being at work can be supported by retreat type telework arrangements.
I can see clearly now
Authors: Newman Alexander , Allen Belinda , Miao Qing 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– Although there is growing research on the relationship between ethical leadership and subordinate work behaviors, limited research has examined the boundary conditions under which ethical leadership is more or less effective. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether subordinate perceptions of role clarity in their job role influence the relationship between ethical leadership and subordinate work behaviors. Drawing on both social exchange and social learning theories, the authors predict that in contexts where subordinates perceive low levels of role clarity, the relationship between ethical leadership behavior and subordinate helping and deviant behaviors will be weaker.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 239 employees in the Chinese public sector completed surveys across three separate time points. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Findings– Analyses provided support for the hypothesized relationships. When subordinates perceived higher levels of role clarity the positive relationship between ethical leadership and helping behavior was stronger, and the negative relationship between ethical leadership and deviant behavior was stronger.Research limitations/implications– As with all research the findings of this study need to be viewed in light of its limitations. First, the use of data from a single set of respondents opens up the possibility of common method bias. Second, given the study used of a sample of public sector employees from one part of China, there would be value in future research examining whether the findings from the present study are generalizable to other industrial and cultural contexts.Practical implications– This research has a number of practical implications. Given that the authors found a significant positive relationship between ethical leadership and helping behavior, and a significant negative relationship between ethical leadership and deviant behavior, it is crucial for organizations to include ethical training as an essential part of leadership development programs. However, the findings also suggest at the same time as facilitating the development of ethical leadership behaviors amongst supervisory employees, it is important for organizations to also provide employees with clarity over what is expected of them in their jobs, and the means they should employ to facilitate goal achievement.Originality/value– This study responds to recent calls for more research to identify factors which may strengthen or mitigate the influence of ethical leadership in the workplace.
Rearing and foraging affects bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) gut microbiota
Authors: Newbold Lindsay K. , Oliver Anna E. , Cuthbertson Leah , Walkington Sarah E. , Gweon Hyun S. , Heard Matthew S. , van der Gast Christopher J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBumblebees are ecologically and economically important as pollinators of crop and wild plants, especially in temperate systems. Species, such as the buff‐tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris), are reared commercially to pollinate high‐value crops. Their highly specific gut microbiota, characterized by low diversity, may affect nutrition and immunity and are likely to be important for fitness and colony health. However, little is known about how environmental factors affect bacterial community structure. We analysed the gut microbiota from three groups of worker bumblebees (B. terrestris) from distinct colonies that varied in rearing and foraging characteristics: commercially reared with restricted foraging (RR); commercially reared with outside foraging (RF); and wild‐caught workers (W). Contrary to previous studies, which indicate that bacterial communities are highly conserved across workers, we found that RF individuals had an intermediate community structure compared with RR and W types. Further, this was shaped by differences in the abundances of common operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the diversity of rare OTUs present, which we propose results from an increase in the variety of carbohydrates obtained through foraging.
Use of Mobile Apps: A Patient‐centered Approach
Authors: VonHoltz Lauren A. Houdek , Hypolite Kendra A. , Carr Brendan G. , Shofer Frances S. , Winston Flaura K. , Hanson C. William , Merchant Raina M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored what smartphone health applications (apps) are used by patients, how they learn about health apps, and how information about health apps is shared.MethodsPatients seeking care in an academic ED were surveyed about the following regarding their health apps: use, knowledge, sharing, and desired app features. Demographics and health information were characterized by summary statistics.ResultsOf 300 participants, 212 (71%) owned smartphones, 201 (95%) had apps, and 94 (44%) had health apps. The most frequently downloaded health apps categories were exercise 46 (49%), brain teasers 30 (32%), and diet 23 (24%). The frequency of use of apps varied as six (6%) of health apps were downloaded but never used, 37 (39%) apps were used only a few times, and 40 (43%) health apps were used once per month. Only five apps (2%) were suggested to participants by health care providers, and many participants used health apps intermittently (55% of apps ≤ once a month). Participants indicated sharing information from 64 (59%) health apps, mostly within social networks (27 apps, 29%) and less often with health care providers (16 apps, 17%).ConclusionsWhile mobile health has experienced tremendous growth over the past few years, use of health apps among our sample was low. The most commonly used apps were those that had broad functionality, while the most frequently used health apps encompassed the topics of exercise, diet, and brain teasers. While participants most often shared information about health apps within their social networks, information was less frequently shared with providers, and physician recommendation played a small role in influencing patient use of health apps.
Trends in Advanced Computed Tomography Use for Injured Patients in United States Emergency Departments: 2007–2010
Authors: Hussein Waleed , Mullins Peter M. , Alghamdi Khaled , Sarani Babak , Pines Jesse M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesStudies have documented increased advanced radiography use in U.S. emergency departments (EDs) for injured patients over the past decade. The authors explored trends in recent years (2007 through 2010) in advanced radiography use, specifically head computed tomography (CT) and nonhead CT scans.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of ED visits conducted using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a representative sample of the U.S. ED visits from 2007 through 2010. All patients designated by the NHAMCS as “related to injury” were included in analyses. CT use was examined by head and nonhead use. Trends, predictors of utilization, and diagnostic yield for head and nonhead CT scans in injured ED patients were analyzed using survey‐weighted logistic regression. Diagnostic yield was defined as the proportion of injury‐related visits where patients imaged with CT received International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD‐9), code diagnoses of a severe head or nonhead injury.ResultsAmong injured ED patients, head CT use increased from 9.6% in 2007 to 11.6%, a relative increase of 20.8% (p < 0.001), and nonhead CT from 5.5% to 7.3%, a relative increase of 47.3% (p < 0.001). Diagnostic yield for head CT was unchanged (4.9% in 2007 vs. 3.4% in 2010, p = 0.093), but fell for nonhead CT from 6.4% in 2007 to 3.3% in 2010 (p = 0.04.ConclusionsAdvanced radiography use has continued to increase since 2007 in injured patients, and diagnostic yield for nonhead CT has continued to fall. Head CT is more common than CTs of other body areas and may represent an opportunity for reduction given validated clinical decision rules.
Performance of manual ventilation: how to define its efficiency in bench studies? A review of the literature
Authors: Khoury A. , De Luca A. , Sall F. S. , Pazart L. , Capellier G. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBench studies have become the preferred way to evaluate the performance of airway equipment, since clinical trials are not specifically required before marketing these devices. However, it is difficult to assess the efficiency of ventilation without recording physiological data. This review analyses how efficiency of manual ventilation has been defined in recent studies, and how their results may be affected. We searched electronic databases from 2000 to April 2014. The main inclusion criterion was the analysis of performance of ventilation. Nine relevant articles were selected from 53 eligible publications. Most studies used the same parameters; tidal volume and ventilation rate. However, there were significant differences between the definitions of performance of ventilation, both in terms of criteria of judgement and methods of analysis. None of these approaches is able to provide a clear understanding of variability of ventilation during a given period. A new definition may increase the relevance of bench studies to clinical medicine, by more appropriately assessing the performance of ventilation.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients Treated With Pulmonary Vasodilators Early and in High Dose After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Critoph Christopher , Green Gillian , Hayes Helen , Baumwol Jay , Lam Kaitlyn , Larbalestier Robert , Chih Sharon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRight ventricular failure (RVF) is common after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and a major determinant of adverse outcomes. Optimal perioperative right ventricular (RV) management is not well defined. We evaluated the use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy during LVAD implantation. We performed a retrospective analysis of continuous‐flow LVAD implants and pulmonary vasodilator use at our institution between September 2004 and June 2013. Preoperative RVF risk was assessed using recognized variables. Sixty‐five patients (80% men, 50 ± 14 years) were included: 52% HeartWare ventricular assist device (HVAD), 11% HeartMate II (HMII), 17% VentrAssist, 20% Jarvik. Predicted RVF risk was comparable with contemporary LVAD populations: 8% ventilated, 14% mechanical support, 86% inotropes, 25% BUN >39 mg/dL, 23% bilirubin ≥2 mg/dL, 31% RV : LV (left ventricular) diameter ≥0.75, 27% RA : PCWP (right atrium : pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) >0.63, 36% RV stroke work index <6 gm‐m/m2/beat. The majority (91%) received pulmonary vasodilators early and in high dose: 72% nitric oxide, 77% sildenafil (max 200 ± 79 mg/day), 66% iloprost (max 126 ± 37 μg/day). Median hospital stay was 26 (21) days. No patient required RV mechanical support. Of six (9%) patients meeting RVF criteria based on prolonged need for inotropes, four were transplanted, one is alive with an LVAD at 3 years, and one died on day 35 of intracranial hemorrhage. Two‐year survival was 77% (92% for HMII/HVAD): transplanted 54%, alive with LVAD 21%, recovery/explanted 2%. A low incidence of RVF and excellent outcomes were observed for patients treated early during LVAD implantation with combination, high‐dose pulmonary vasodilators. The results warrant further investigation in a randomized controlled study.
Changes in Spirometry After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Mohamedali Burhan , Bhat Geetha , Yost Gardner , Tatooles Antone 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLeft ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly being used as life‐saving therapy in patients with end‐stage heart failure. The changes in spirometry following LVAD implantation and subsequent unloading of the left ventricle and pulmonary circulation are unknown. In this study, we explored long‐term changes in spirometry after LVAD placement. In this retrospective study, we compared baseline preoperative pulmonary function test (PFT) results to post‐LVAD spirometric measurements. Our results indicated that pulmonary function tests were significantly reduced after LVAD placement (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1]: 1.9 vs.1.7, P = 0.016; forced vital capacity [FVC]: 2.61 vs. 2.38, P = 0.03; diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide [DLCO]: 14.75 vs. 11.01, P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed greater impairment in lung function in patients receiving HeartMate II (Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA, USA) LVADs compared with those receiving HeartWare (HeartWare, Framingham, MA, USA) devices. These unexpected findings may result from restriction of left anterior hemi‐diaphragm; however, further prospective studies to validate our findings are warranted.
The alignment of agricultural and nature conservation policies in the European Union
Authors: Hodge Ian , Hauck Jennifer , Bonn Aletta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEurope is a region of relatively high population density and productive agriculture subject to substantial government intervention under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Many habitats and species of high conservation interest have been created by the maintenance of agricultural practices over long periods. These practices are often no longer profitable, and nature conservation initiatives require government support to cover the cost for them to be continued. The CAP has been reformed both to reduce production of agricultural commodities at costs in excess of world prices and to establish incentives for landholders to adopt voluntary conservation measures. A separate nature conservation policy has established an extensive series of protected sites (Natura 2000) that has, as yet, failed to halt the loss of biodiversity. Additional broader scale approaches have been advocated for conservation in the wider landscape matrix, including the alignment of agricultural and nature conservation policies, which remains a challenge. Possibilities for alignment include further shifting of funds from general support for farmers toward targeted payments for biodiversity goals at larger scales and adoption of an ecosystem approach. The European response to the competing demands for land resources may offer lessons globally as demands on rural land increase.
The use and value of procalcitonin in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Sandkovsky Uriel , Kalil Andre C. , Florescu Diana F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractProcalcitonin (PCT) has been increasingly used as a biomarker of bacterial infection and as a tool to guide antimicrobial therapy, especially in lower respiratory tract and bloodstream infections. Despite its increased use, data in patients with solid organ transplants are limited. Even without the presence of infection, PCT increases as a result of surgical procedures during transplantation, implantation of devices, and use of induction immunosuppressive therapy. The risk of infection is also higher in solid organ transplant recipients when compared to the general population. Monitoring PCT in the early post‐transplant period seems to be a promising method for early detection of infectious complications. It has been shown that elevated PCT levels after one wk of transplantation are correlated with infectious complications. PCT may be a useful adjunctive biomarker that may improve early identification and guide appropriate treatment of infection or rejection, with the potential to further improve clinical outcomes. The use of serial PCT measurements may be more reliable than single values. It is important to recognize which factors may lead to PCT increases in the post‐transplantation period, which in turn will help understand the kinetics and utility of this biomarker in this important patient population.
Risk factors for non‐melanoma skin cancer in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera
Authors: Gómez Montse , Guillem Vicent , Pereira Arturo , Ferrer‐Marín Francisca , Álvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Kerguelen Ana , Estrada Natàlia , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Angona Anna , Amat Paula , Navarro Blanca , Besses Carles , Hernández‐Boluda Juan‐Carlos 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesPopulation‐based studies have reported an increased incidence of skin cancer in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). We have examined the risk factors for non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients diagnosed with ET or PV during 1973–2012.MethodsA case–control study was performed to compare the clinical and treatment‐related data of 51 ET/PV patients who had NMSC with that of 401 patients who did not. We also evaluated whether polymorphisms in 12 genes involved in DNA integrity predisposed to NMSC.ResultsBy multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk factors for NMSC were older age (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.1, P < 0.001), male sex (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–3.8, P = 0.023), higher cumulated hydroxycarbamide dose (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7, P = 0.017), and busulphan exposure (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.05–10.0, P = 0.041). On the time‐to‐event prognostic model, factors independently associated with increased cumulative incidence of NMSC were age (5% increased risk per year; P < 0.001), male sex (91% increased risk; P = 0.022), and hydroxycarbamide exposure (22% increased risk; P = 0.065). No susceptibility gene variant was identified.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the risk to develop NMSC in ET/PV patients results from the combined effect of common risk factors (age, male sex) together with cytoreductive treatment.
Effects of Grain Grading on Microstructures and Mechanical Behaviors of Pressureless Solid‐State‐Sintered SiC
Authors: Wu Haibo , Yan Yongjie , Liu Guilin , Liu Xuejian , Zhu Yunzhou , Huang Zhengren , Jiang Dongliang , Li Yinsheng 
Published: May 2015

S‐SiC ceramics with >96% of densification degree were derived from 0.8‐ to 8.6‐μm graded powders for the first time after sintered at 2210°C. Grain grading generated a 21.8% increase in green density and a 40.8% decrease in sintering shrinkage (low to 12.2%). The introduction of micrometer‐sized coarse particles suppressed abnormal grain growth owing to their pinning effect, thus resulting in equiaxial grains. Dramatically improved fracture toughness peaked to 3.77 MPa·m1/2 at 50 wt% of added coarse powder. Sintering mechanism of graded powders can be deduced as the bonding of coarse SiC particle through solid‐state sintering of fine powder.
The Effects of Water Entry Postures on the Thermal Shock Behavior of Alumina
Authors: Li Dingyu , Li Weiguo , Wang Ruzhuan , Fang Daining 
Published: May 2015

The effects of water entry postures on thermal shock behavior during quench tests were investigated for the first time using alumina ceramic. The differences in the crack patterns and residual strength for specimens with different water entry postures after the quench tests were shown. At the initial thermal shock temperature of 310°C, the average residual strength of the lateral posture specimens is 330.4 MPa, but the longitudinal ones' is 118.4 MPa. The results showed that water entry posture strongly affects the quenching thermal shock behavior; to better experimentally characterize the thermal shock resistance, the unified water entry posture during testing must be considered.