bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the fatigue damage evolution of notched specimens with consideration of cyclic plasticity
Authors: Shen F. , Voyiadjis G. Z. , Hu W. , Meng Q. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a damage mechanics method applied successfully to assess fatigue life of notched specimens with plastic deformation at the notch tip. A damage‐coupled elasto‐plastic constitutive model is employed in which nonlinear kinematic hardening is considered. The accumulated damage is described by a stress‐based damage model and a plastic strain‐based damage model, which depend on the cyclic stress and accumulated plastic strain, respectively. A three‐dimensional finite element implementation of these models is developed to predict the crack initiation life of notched specimens. Two cases, a notched plate under tension‐compression loadings and an SAE notched shaft under bending‐torsion loadings including non‐proportional loadings, are studied and the predicted results are compared with experimental data.
Evaluation of the effect of stock enhancement in the coastal waters of Guangdong, China
Authors: Chen P. , Qin C. , Yu J. , Shu L. , Li X. , Zhou Y. , Yuan H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA total of 14.573 million fish fry and 96.32 million shrimp larvae were released across 31 locations into the coastal waters off Guangdong, China, in 2010. The released fish and shrimp were sampled through a combination of market and fishing log‐book surveys. The combined fishery production reached 362 868 kg. The input–output ratio was 1:5.99 for released fish (over 3 years) and 1:11.01 for released shrimp (over 2 years). The average increase in income was 721 RMB per capita. Approximately 240 thousand fish (after 3 years) and 1.2 million shrimp (after 2 years) survived to sexual maturity and could contribute to the spawning stock. The stockings were approximately one‐seventh of the fish and one‐half of the shrimp stocking carrying capacities, respectively. Based on these results, the intensity of stocking could be increased. Stocking and recapture strategies should be adjusted to align with the optimal stocking carrying capacity determined from this study.
Spatiotemporal variation in life history traits of three small fishes in streams of south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Lourenço L. S. , Souza U. P. , Fernandes I. M. , Petrere M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEach species has a reproductive strategy that is adapted to the intensity and predictability of spatial and temporal variations in local environmental conditions. This study sets out to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations in some life history traits, including maturation time and length at first maturity, of three small fish species from streams of south‐eastern Brazil. Environmental factors and fishes were sampled in streams across four sub‐basins during twelve months and were measured for both traits. Statistical models indicated both spatial and temporal differences in maturation time for all species. This variation was related to a different combination of environmental factors for each species. Finally, length at first maturity exhibited spatial variation for all species. The results suggest that all species have the ability to alter life history parameters, and this may be a factor contributing to their persistence in each habitat.
Identifying relationships between symptom clusters and quality of life in adults with chronic mixed venous and arterial leg ulcers
Authors: Do Hien Thi Thu , Edwards Helen , Finlayson Kathleen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify symptom clusters and their effect on quality of life (QOL) of adults with chronic leg ulcers of mixed venous and arterial aetiology. A secondary analysis of data from four existing prospective longitudinal studies conducted by a wound healing research group in Australia was undertaken. A total of 110 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify symptom clusters and correlational analyses to examine relationships between the identified symptom clusters and QOL. The EFA identified two distinct symptom clusters: a ‘systemic symptom cluster’ consisting of pain, fatigue and depressive symptoms; and a ‘localised‐leg symptom cluster’ including pain, fatigue, oedema, lower limb inflammation and exudate. Physical QOL correlated significantly with the systemic symptom cluster (r = −0·055, P < 0·0001) and the localised‐leg symptom cluster (r = −0·054, P < 0·0001), whereas mental QOL was associated only with the systemic symptom cluster (r = −0·038, P = 0·01). The results suggest that appropriate intervention strategies targeting specific symptom clusters should be developed. Targeting patients with symptom clusters is particularly important because they are at high risk and the most vulnerable for reduced QOL.
Stated goals and their influence on helping behavior toward ingroups and outgroups
Authors: Lorenz Mitchell M. , Warner Ruth H. , VanDeursen Molly J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhen seeking to motivate individuals to help, helping behavior may be framed in terms of power‐oriented, results focused, goals or value‐oriented, ideologically based, goals. In two studies, participants were presented with a call for assistance benefitting an ingroup or an outgroup. The stated goal associated with helping behavior was power‐oriented or value‐oriented. Participants showed more willingness to help on behalf of an outgroup when they believed the charitable organization had value‐oriented goals and more willingness to help on behalf of their ingroup when they believed the charitable organization had power‐oriented goals. The results suggest that organizations should consider the relationship between who will benefit and who is providing assistance to maximize the likelihood that assistance will be provided.
Temporal Changes in Streamflow and Attribution of Changes to Climate and Landuse in Wisconsin Watersheds
Authors: Gyawali Rabi , Greb Steve , Block Paul 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrevious historic trends analyses on 21st Century hydrologic data in the United States generally focus on annual flow statistics and have continued to use USGS hydro‐climatic data network (HCDN) stations, although post‐1988 diversions and runoff regulations are not reflected in the HCDN. Using a more recent dataset, Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version II (GAGES II), compiled by Falcone (2012), which includes more watersheds with reference conditions, a comprehensive analysis of changes in seasonal, and annual streamflow in Wisconsin watersheds is demonstrated. Given the pronounced influence of seasonal hydrology in Wisconsin watersheds, the objective of this study is to elucidate the nature of temporal (annual, seasonal, and monthly) changes in runoff. Considerable temporal and regional variability was found in annual and seasonal streamflow changes between the two historic periods 1951‐1980 and 1981‐2010 considered in the study. For example, the northern watersheds show relatively small changes in streamflow discharge ranging from −6.0 to 4.2%, while the southern watersheds show relatively large increases in streamflow discharge ranging from 13.1 to 18.2%. To apportion streamflow changes to climate and nonclimatic factors, a method based on potential evapotranspiration changes is demonstrated. Results show that nonclimatic factors account for more than 60% of changes in annual runoff in Wisconsin watersheds considered in the study.
Streamside Management Zones Compromised by Stream Crossings, Legacy Gullies, and Over‐Harvest in the Piedmont
Authors: Lang A.J. , Aust W.M. , Bolding M.C. , Barrett S.M. , McGuire K.J. , Lakel W.A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractStreamside management zone (SMZ) breakthroughs were identified and characterized to determine frequency and potential causes, in order to provide enhanced guidance for future water quality protection. Ten kilometers ofSMZs were carefully examined for partial or complete breakthroughs. With partial breakthroughs theSMZtrapped sediment before it reached the stream, while complete breakthroughs appeared to have allowed sediment to have passed through with minimal restriction. A total of 41 breakthroughs occurred (33 complete, 8 partial) across 16 sites, averaging 1 complete breakthrough per 0.3 km ofSMZlength. The most common complete breakthroughs were caused by stream crossings (42%), reactivation of legacy agricultural gullies (27%), and harvest related soil disturbances near/withinSMZs (24%). Pearson correlations of site characteristics at breakthroughs indicated no strong relationships between breakthrough sites, representing the variable nature of these unique circumstances. Stream crossings are an intentional breakthrough for access purposes, but resulting environmental impacts can be reduced with best management practice implementation. Current recommendations forSMZs tend to work in most situations, yet further research is needed to identify causal factors and quantify breakthrough severity.
Genetic differentiation in the ice‐dependent fish Pleuragramma antarctica along the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Agostini Cecilia , Patarnello Tomaso , Ashford Julian R. , Torres Joseph J. , Zane Lorenzo , Papetti Chiara 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimPleuragramma antarctica is an Antarctic notothenioid fish with a pelagic life‐cycle. It plays a major trophic role in coastal Antarctic waters as a predator of krill and as prey for penguins and seals. A previous study, using mtDNA to investigate Pleuragramma population structure at multiple Antarctic sites was unable to discriminate between hypotheses of panmixia, with occasional fluctuations of allelic frequencies, and population structure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the population structure of P. antarctica along the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) shelf by microsatellite genotyping.LocationFour areas along the AP shelf: Charcot Island, Marguerite Bay, Joinville Island and the Larsen Ice Shelf.MethodsA total of 562 individuals from nine population samples were genotyped at 16 expressed sequence tag (EST)‐linked microsatellites. Genetic variability, Hardy–Weinberg probabilities and F‐statistics were calculated, and a hierarchical analysis of molecular variance was carried out. A Bayesian method was applied to estimate the migration rates between geographical localities.ResultsWe found one genetically homogeneous population with no interannual variability in the south‐western AP and one off the northern tip of the AP. Significant differences were recorded between the two geographical regions, which also differed from the eastern AP. The extent of differentiation changed between years and significant genetic differentiation was found between clusters of individuals of different length modes collected at Joinville Island in 2010. Bayesian analysis suggested weak gene flow along the western AP, with a prevailing direction from north to south, following the anticlockwise‐flowing Coastal Current.Main conclusionsPopulation genetic structure can be detected in AP shelf samples of P. antarctica. Thus, even in this area characterized by strong oceanographic currents, genetic mixing is not complete. Temporal fluctuations of allelic frequencies and genetic differentiation between individuals of different length collected at the same location suggest the importance of genetic drift in this highly abundant species.
Impact of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring on Reclassification of Hypertension Prevalence and Control in Older People in Spain
Authors: Banegas José R. , de la Cruz Juan J. , Graciani Auxiliadora , López‐García Esther , Gijón‐Conde Teresa , Ruilope Luis M. , Rodriguez‐Artalejo Fernando 
Published: March 2015

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) accurately classifies blood pressure (BP) status but its impact on the prevalence and control of hypertension is little known. The authors conducted a cross‐sectional study in 2012 among 1047 individuals 60 years and older from the follow‐up of a population cohort in Spain. Three casual BP measurements and 24‐hour ABPM were performed under standardized conditions. Approximately 68.8% patients were hypertensive based on casual BP (≥140/90 mm Hg or current BP medication use) and 62.1% based on 24‐hour ABPM (≥130/80 mm Hg or current BP medication use) (P=.009). The proportion of patients with treatment‐eligible hypertension who met BP goals increased from 37.4% based on the casual BP target to 54.1% based on the 24‐hour BP target (absolute difference, 16.7%; P<.01). These results were consistent across alternative BP thresholds. Therefore, compared with casual BP, 24‐hour ABPM led to a reduction in the proportion of older patients recommended for hypertension treatment and a substantial increase in the proportion of those with hypertension control.
Acute Effects of Submaximal Endurance Training on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Middle‐ and Long‐Distance Runners
Authors: Müller Jan , Wilms Michael , Oberhoffer Renate 
Published: March 2015

Measures of arterial stiffness are indicators for cardiovascular health and predictors of cardiovascular events. Arterial stiffness is responsive to acute physiologic stressors such as exercise. However, the acute effects of intensive exercise and recovery on arterial stiffness are controversial. Thirty‐seven healthy middle‐ and long‐distance runners (33 men, mean age 26.5±6.6 years) underwent evaluation of their cardiovascular stiffness at rest, after a 15‐minute warm‐up, immediately after vigorous running 3 km at the pace of their 10‐km personal best, and finally 30 minutes after terminating their workout. Peripheral and central systolic blood pressure, as well as augmentation index and pulse wave velocity (PWV), increased during exercise in comparison to baseline (P<.001, general linear model). Thirty minutes after terminating the workout, a drop in peripheral blood pressure (P<.001), central blood pressure (P<.001), and PWV (P=.001) below baseline was observed. Therefore, the authors found that exercise of either moderate or vigorous intensity causes a temporary increase in arterial stiffness in middle‐ and long‐distance runners.
Development of a novel observational measure for anxiety in young children: The Anxiety Dimensional Observation Scale
Authors: Mian Nicholas D. , Carter Alice S. , Pine Daniel S. , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundIdentifying anxiety disorders in preschool‐age children represents an important clinical challenge. Observation is essential to clinical assessment and can help differentiate normative variation from clinically significant anxiety. Yet, most anxiety assessment methods for young children rely on parent‐reports. The goal of this article is to present and preliminarily test the reliability and validity of a novel observational paradigm for assessing a range of fearful and anxious behaviors in young children, the Anxiety Dimensional Observation Schedule (Anx‐DOS).MethodsA diverse sample of 403 children, aged 3 to 6 years, and their mothers was studied. Reliability and validity in relation to parent reports (Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment) and known risk factors, including indicators of behavioral inhibition (latency to touch novel objects) and attention bias to threat (in the dot‐probe task) were investigated.ResultsThe Anx‐DOS demonstrated good inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency. Evidence for convergent validity was demonstrated relative to mother‐reported separation anxiety, social anxiety, phobic avoidance, trauma symptoms, and past service use. Finally, fearfulness was associated with observed latency and attention bias toward threat.ConclusionsFindings support the Anx‐DOS as a method for capturing early manifestations of fearfulness and anxiety in young children. Multimethod assessments incorporating standardized methods for assessing discrete, observable manifestations of anxiety may be beneficial for early identification and clinical intervention efforts.
Association between colonic diverticulosis and bowel symptoms: A case‐control study of 1629 Asian patients
Authors: Nagata Naoyoshi , Niikura Ryota , Aoki Tomonori , Shimbo Takuro , Sekine Katsunori , Okubo Hidetaka , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Sakurai Toshiyuki , Yokoi Chizu , Yanase Mikio , Akiyama Junichi , Uemura Naomi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear whether diverticulosis, absent inflammation, is responsible for chronic bowel symptoms. We examined the association between bowel symptoms and asymptomatic diverticulosis.MethodThis case‐control study included 543 patients with diverticulosis and 1086 age and sex‐matched controls (1:2) without diverticulosis on screening colonoscopy. Eleven symptoms (abdominal discomfort, hunger discomfort, borborygmus, abdominal distension, flatus, constipation, diarrhea, loose stools, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation) were evaluated using a gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale (GSRS) at baseline and second questionnaire. Associations between diverticulosis and symptoms were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95 confidence interval (CI).ResultsIn multivariate analysis, constipation (OR, 0.85 [0.78–0.93]) and hard stools (OR, 0.86 [0.78–0.94]) were negatively associated with diverticulosis. The other nine symptoms showed no association with diverticulosis. Diverticulosis was negatively associated with constipation (OR, 0.93 [0.74–0.93]), hard stools (OR, 0.85 [0.76–0.96]), and incomplete evacuation (OR, 0.88 [0.79–0.99]) in males, and positively associated with diarrhea (OR, 1.39 [1.14–1.69]) and loose stools (OR, 1.28 [1.05–1.55]) in females. No bowel symptoms were positively associated with any of right‐sided, left‐sided, or bilateral diverticulosis. Test–retest reliability of GSRS (mean interval, 4.4 months) was moderate (Mean Kappa, 0.568) in males and good (Mean Kappa, 0.652) in females.ConclusionsThis large, colonoscopy‐based, case‐control study demonstrated that neither constipation nor hard stools were associated with an increased risk of diverticulosis, regardless of diverticulum location. In females, but not males, diarrhea and loose stools were positively associated with diverticulosis. Long‐term test–retest reliability suggested that these symptoms remain consistent over a given period.
Non‐cirrhotic thrombocytopenic patients with hepatitis C virus: Characteristics and outcome of antiviral therapy
Authors: Giannini Edoardo G , Afdhal Nezam H , Sigal Samuel H , Muir Andrew J , Reddy K Rajender , Vijayaraghavan Shanthi , Elkashab Magdy , Romero‐Gómez Manuel , Dusheiko Geoffrey M , Iyengar Malini , Vasey Sandra Y , Campbell Fiona M , Theodore Dickens 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimThrombocytopenia is frequently observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cirrhosis, although it can also be observed in patients without cirrhosis by a virus‐mediated phenomenon. This study assessed the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection and thrombocytopenia not associated with cirrhosis.MethodsThe study included 1268 patients with HCV infection and thrombocytopenia enrolled in the phase 3 ENABLE studies that assessed the impact of eltrombopag on achieving a sustained virologic response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The study population was subdivided according to baseline FibroSURE test results into patients with non‐cirrhosis (FibroSURE < 0.4) and cirrhosis‐related (FibroSURE ≥ 0.75) thrombocytopenia.ResultsCompared with patients with cirrhosis‐related thrombocytopenia (n = 995; 78.5%), non‐cirrhotic patients with thrombocytopenia (n = 59; 4.6%) were younger (mean age [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 43.9 [40.7–47.2] vs 52.7 [52.2–53.3] years; P < 0.0001), predominantly female (64% [51–76] vs 30% [27–33]; P < 0.0001), and less frequently had a Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score ≥ 10 (24% [14–37] vs 45% [42–49]; P = 0.0012), low albumin levels (≤ 35 g/L; 2% [0–9] vs 32% [29–35]; P < 0.0001), and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (3% [0–12] vs 21% [19–24]; P = 0.0005). The sustained virologic response rate was higher in non‐cirrhotic patients with thrombocytopenia (46% [95% CI, 33–59] vs 16% [14–18]; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients with thrombocytopenia associated with HCV who have lower FibroSURE test results may have better preserved liver function and higher sustained virologic response rates than patients with cirrhosis.
Prospective cohort study on the outcomes of hepatitis C virus‐related cirrhosis in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sang Soo , Jeong Sook‐Hyang , Jang Eun Sun , Kim Young Seok , Lee Youn Jae , Jung Eun Uk , Kim In Hee , Bae Si Hyun , Lee Han Chu , Kee Mee‐Kyung , Kang Chun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsThe outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related liver cirrhosis was limitedly studied in a hepatitis B virus‐endemic area. This multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted to elucidate the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality in the Korean patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis.MethodsFrom January 2007 through June 2012, 196 patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis were prospectively enrolled and regularly followed at six university hospitals to determine HCC occurrence and mortality. A multivariable analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to clarify the related factors to the outcomes.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 39.2 months, 31 (15.8%) patients developed HCC, and 33 (16.8%) patients died or underwent liver transplantation. The estimated HCC incidence was 5.8 per 100 person‐years, and the independent factors for HCC were absence of anti‐HBV surface antibody (HBs hazard ratio [HR], 5.018; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.710–14.726; P = 0.003) and serum albumin < 3.8 g/dL (HR, 3.051; 95% CI, 1.318–7.067; P = 0.009). The overall mortality rate was 5.1 per 100 person‐years, and the related independent factors were the presence of ascites (HR, 2.448; 95% CI, 1.142–5.210; P = 0.022), serum albumin < 3.8 g/dL (HR, 3.067; 95% CI, 1.254–8.139, P = 0.014), and nonachievement of sustained virologic response (SVR) (HR, 0.066; 95% CI, 0.001–0.484, P = 0.002).ConclusionThe incidence of HCC in HCV‐related cirrhosis seems to be high in Korea, and advanced liver disease and no achievement of SVR were associated with mortality. The absence of anti‐HBs in hepatocarcinogenesis related to HCV warrants further study.
Transvaginal genital fistula repair with insertion of Foley catheter via fistula tract
Authors: Fang Gui , Hong Li , Li Bingshu , Liu Cheng , Wu Debin , Hong Shasha , Guo Wenjun , Yang Qing , Zhao Yang , Hu Ming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimGenital fistula is one of the most devastating injuries in women. Despite advances in medical care, it continues to be a distressing problem, and the success rate of repair surgery is still limited. We herein describe our experience with the surgical approach using Foley catheter to repair genital fistula after gynecological surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 29 patients who had received genital fistula repair surgery with Foley catheter between October 2011 and December 2013. Based on traditional transvaginal genital fistula repair surgery, we inserted a Foley catheter into the bladder or intestine through the fistula opening. As a result, the fistula opening could be tracked, which allows for a clear view to improve fistula repair. All 29 patients were followed up at 1, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively.ResultsOf the 29 patients, 28 had successful surgical outcome (96.55% success rate). The mean operative time was 85 ± 8.1 min. The mean blood loss was 109 ± 23.4 mL. No intraoperative complications were observed. The mean postoperative hospitalization time was 10 ± 2.8 days. The follow‐up rate was 100%.ConclusionsRepair of transvaginal genital fistula using Foley catheter had a high success rate, short operative time, minimal blood loss, low morbidity and short hospital stay. Therefore, this approach is minimally invasive and effective.