bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current knowledge and future directions about the disclosure of dementia: A systematic review of the first decade of the 21st century
Authors: Werner Perla , Karnieli‐Miller Orit , Eidelman Shmuel 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe disclosure of Alzheimer's disease presents a great challenge because it entails emotionally charged communication about a life‐threatening, incurable, and stigmatized disease. Although a broad consensus has evolved regarding the potential benefits of early disclosure of the diagnosis, little is known about how these recommendations are actually implemented, and there is limited published research about the process issues of the disclosure.Purpose(1) To systematically obtain and evaluate the relevant literature on disclosing a diagnosis of dementia, with special attention to process issues, and (2) to summarize current research findings and draw conclusions for future research and clinical care in this area.MethodsA systematic review of the literature on disclosure of dementia during the first decade of the 21st century was conducted.ResultsFrom 265 articles retrieved, 47 were included in the review. Although the studies published in the first years of the decade were concerned with assessing attitudes and preferences of those involved in the process of disclosing the diagnosis, those of the last years have focused more on communication and other process issues.ConclusionsA conceptual development over time in the area is observed in which in the first years, thought processes begin as an ethical debate among clinicians and researchers about the topic of “truth telling” and dementia, continue as a search of the opinions of those involved in the process of disclosure about truth telling, and evolve (observed more recently) into an examination of how this truth telling is delivered.
Isolated left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy associated with polymorphous ventricular tachycardia mimicking torsades de pointes
Authors: Dickinson Oana , Zakharova Marina , Detloff Barry L. , Chen Lin Y. , Benditt David G. , Francis Gary S. , Sakaguchi Scott 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLeft ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a rare congenital disorder, classified by the American Heart Association as a primary genetic cardiomyopathy and characterized by multiple trabeculations within the left ventricle. LVNC cardiomyopathy has been associated with 3 major clinical manifestations: heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, including stroke. In this case report, we describe a female patient with apparently isolated LVNC in whom pause‐dependent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia suggesting torsades de pointes occurred in the presence of a normal QT interval.
Altitude Sickness in Climbers and Efficacy of NSAIDs Trial (ASCENT): Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ibuprofen Versus Placebo for Prevention of Altitude Illness
Authors: Gertsch Jeffrey H. , Corbett Bryan , Holck Peter S. , Mulcahy Allison , Watts Melanie , Stillwagon Nathan Thomas , Casto Amanda Morgan , Abramson Charles Hessel , Vaughan Charles Peter Aloysius , Macguire Christopher , Farzan Neda Nicole , Vo Baotran Nguyen , Norvelle Rebecca Jean , May Kerstin , Holly Jessica Elizabeth , Irons Hillary , Stutz Aaron Michael , Chapagain Pradip , Yadav Siddhartha , Pun Matiram , Farrar Jeremy , Basnyat Buddha 
Published: October 2012

Objective To study the effectiveness of ibuprofen versus placebo in preventing acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high altitude headache (HAH). Methods Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Results Two hundred ninety-four healthy Western trekkers were recruited on the Everest approach at 4280 m or 4358 m and randomly assigned to receive either 600 mg of ibuprofen or placebo 3 times daily before and during ascent to 4928 m. One hundred eighty-three of 294 participants completed the trial. Of the participants who did not complete the trial, 62 were lost to follow-up and another 49 broke trial protocol. In an intent-to-treat analysis (232 participants), ibuprofen was found to be more effective than placebo in reducing the incidence of AMS (24.4% vs 40.4%; P = .01) and the incidence of HAH (42.3% vs 60.5%; P < .01). Ibuprofen was also superior to placebo in reducing the severity of HAH (4.9% vs 14.7%; P = .01). The end point of oxygen saturation was also higher in the ibuprofen group (80.8 % vs 82.4%; P = .035). For the 183 participants who completed the trial and conformed to the protocol, the incidence of AMS between placebo and treatment groups was not significant (32.9% vs 22.7%; P = .129 for AMS incidence, 9.6% vs 8.2%; P = .74 for AMS severity, 54.8% vs 42.7%; P = .11 for HAH incidence, and 8.2% vs 3.6%; P = .18 for HAH severity). Conclusions Ibuprofen was found to be effective in preventing AMS in the intent-to-treat analysis group but not in those who completed the trial. This loss of significance in the subjects who completed the trial may be explained by persons in the placebo group having a higher burden of illness and associated decreased compliance with the protocol. An important limitation of this study may be the possibility that ibuprofen can mask headache, which is a compulsory criterion for the diagnosis of AMS.
‘A Most Protean Disease’: Aligning Medical Knowledge of Modern Influenza, 1890–1914
Authors: Bresalier Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article reconstructs the process of defining influenza as an infectious disease in the contexts of British medicine between 1890 and 1914. It shows how professional agreement on its nature and identity involved aligning different forms of knowledge produced in the field (public health), in the clinic (metropolitan hospitals) and in the laboratory (bacteriology). Two factors were crucial to this process: increasing trust in bacteriology and the organisation of large-scale collective investigations into influenza by Britain’s central public authority, the Medical Department of the Local Government Board. These investigations integrated epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological evidence into a new definition of influenza as a specific infection, in which a germ –Bacillus influenzae– was determined as playing a necessary but not sufficient role in its aetiology, transmission and pathogenesis. In defining ‘modern influenza’, bacteriological concepts and techniques were adapted toandselectively incorporated into existing clinical, pathological and epidemiological approaches. Mutual alignment thus was crucial to its construction and, more generally, to shaping developing relationships between laboratory, clinical and public health medicine in turn-of-the-century Britain. While these relationships were marked by tension and conflict, they were also characterised by important patterns of convergence, in which the problems, interests and practices of public health professionals, clinicians and laboratory pathologists were made increasingly commensurable. Rather than retrospectively judge the late nineteenth-century definition of influenza as being based on the wrong microbe, this article argues for the need to examine how it was established through a particular alignment of medical knowledge, which then underpinned medical approaches to the disease up to and beyond the devastating 1918–19 pandemic.
Recovery of probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusGG in tonsil tissue after oral administration: randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Kumpu Minna , Swanljung Elisa , Tynkkynen Soile , Hatakka Katja , Kekkonen Riina A. , Järvenpää Salme , Korpela Riitta , Pitkäranta Anne 
Published: October 2012

The present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether consumption of probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (GG) would lead to the recovery of GG in tonsil tissue. After 3 weeks' daily consumption of GG as a single strain (n20), GG as a part of a multispecies combination (n17) or placebo (n20), tonsil tissue samples were collected from fifty-seven young adults during tonsillectomy due to chronic or recurrent tonsillitis. Strain-specific real-time PCR was used to detect GG in the tonsil tissue. GG was recovered in the tonsil sample of 40 % of the subjects in the GG group, 41 % in the multispecies group and 30 % in the placebo group (Pvalue between groups 0·79). In all subjects with positive recovery of GG in the tonsil tissue, GG was also recovered in the faecal sample taken at the start of the intervention and at the time of the tissue sample collection, which indicates more persistent adherence of the probiotic. To conclude, GG can be recovered from tonsil tissue after oral administration as a single-strain probiotic or as a part of a multispecies probiotic combination. The present results suggest that individual variation exists in the ability of GG to adhere to tonsil tissue. Persistence of GG appears to be high in tonsil tissue as well, in addition to persistence in faecal samples, which has been demonstrated previously. Further clinical trials are warranted to evaluate whether probiotic adherence in the tonsil tissue could have a role in respiratory symptom prevalence.
A pair of characteristic subgroups for pushing-up. II
Authors: Glauberman George 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMany problems about local analysis in a finite group G reduce to a special case in which G has a large normal p-subgroup satisfying several restrictions. In 1983, R. Niles and G. Glauberman showed that every finite p-group S of nilpotence class at least 4 must have two characteristic subgroups S1 and S2 such that, whenever S is a Sylow p-subgroup of a group G as above, S1 or S2 is normal in G. In this paper, we prove a similar theorem with a more explicit choice of S1 and S2.
Benthic foraminifera assemblages in turtle congregation sites along the north-east coast of India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Dola , Choudhury B.C. , Sivakumar K. , Sharma Charu , John Sajan , Behera Satyaranjan , Behera Subrata , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: October 2012

Near-shore recent benthic foraminifera from three ecologically important (Olive Ridley turtle congregation sites) but vulnerable sites encompassing 23 sampling stations (12 in Rushikulya, 5 in Devi and 6 in Gahirmatha) along coastal Orissa, north-west Bay of Bengal (BoB) in India were studied for the first time for their composition, distribution and assemblage patterns. Thirty-nine species of benthic foraminifers (from 6 orders and 23 families) were identified of which all 39 were present in Rushikulya, 22 in Devi and 12 in Gahirmatha with abundance ranging from 35–2620 individuals/10 cm3 in the sediments. The communities across the sites were dominated by eurytopic rotalids followed by miliolids and textularids. Benthic foraminifer assemblages were found to be dominated by Ammonia species complex (up to 38% in Rushikulya, 64% in Devi and 22% in Gahirmatha). Agglutinated foraminifers were infrequent in the sediments (7 species in Rushikulya, 4 species in Devi and 3 in Gahirmatha) on the other hand, being dominated by Quinqueloculina agglutinans in Rushikulya and Trochammina macrescens and Ammobaculites agglutinans in Devi and Gahirmatha. The substrates along the study sites were found mostly to be sand dominated and in some of the stations sediment composition influenced the foraminifer distribution pattern. The present findings on the assemblage patterns of benthic foraminifers from three coastal settings in Orissa along the BoB are comparable with previous reports from other sandy coastal ecosystems in the world. Overall these data provide valuable insights into the distribution and assemblage patterns of benthic foraminifers from the BoB coastal regions.
Religious Orientations in the Lives of Indian Entrepreneurs: Three Case Studies
Authors: BAKUNINA ALINA 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper aims to demonstrate how ‘the religious’ is conceptualized and practiced among urban Indian entrepreneurs. It investigates a continuum of religious sentiment and practice, including non-religious elements, rather than a fixed repertoire of belief and ritual. These religious orientations range from the incorporation of certain Hindu religious practices into the business setting to a denial of any substantive role religion may play in the lives of entrepreneurs and the imbuing of religious dispositions with secular meaning. I argue in this paper that the religious and quasi religious practices of India's new social and economic elite are geared primarily towards the enhancement of their ‘flexible’ lifestyles. The study also makes a claim that modern urban Hinduism accommodates hybrid secular-sacred religious beliefs and practices.
Is genomics bad for you?
Authors: Dickins Benjamin J. A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe plasticity of the genome complicates genetic causation but should be investigated from a functional perspective. Specific adaptive hypotheses are referenced in the target article, but it is also necessary to explain how the integrity of the genome is maintained despite processes that tend towards its diversification and degradation. These include the accumulation of deleterious changes and intragenomic conflict.
Biology trumps statistics in the postgenomic era
Authors: Glatt Charles E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCharney discusses the growing realization in the postgenomic era that genomic biology deviates from Mendelian assumptions at the heart of genetic heritability and association studies. Given the complexity of genomic biology, how are we to identify meaningful genetic factors that contribute to behavioral? One response is to make genetic variants the focus of biological rather than statistical analyses of behavior.
A call for an expanded synthesis of developmental and evolutionary paradigms
Authors: Lewis Andrew J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCharney's target article continues a critique of genetic blueprint models of development that suggests reconsideration of concepts of adaptation, inheritance, and environment, which can be well illustrated in current research on infant attachment. The concepts of development and adaptation are so heavily based on the model of genetics and inheritance forged in the modern synthesis that they will require reconsideration to accommodate epigenetic inheritance.
Gene-independent heritability of behavioural traits: Don't we also need to rethink the “environment”?
Authors: Müller Christian P. , Lenz Bernd , Kornhuber Johannes 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBehavioural phenotypes have been explained by genetic and environmental factors (E) and their interaction. Here we suggest a rethinking of the E factor. Passively incurred environmental influences (Epass) and actively copied information and behaviour (Eact) may be distinguished at shared and non-shared level. We argue that Eact underlies mutation and selection and is the base of gene-independent heritability.
Parental brain and socioeconomic epigenetic effects in human development
Authors: Swain James E. , Perkins Suzanne C. , Dayton Carolyn J. , Finegood Eric D. , Ho S. Shaun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCritically significant parental effects in behavioral genetics may be partly understood as a consequence of maternal brain structure and function of caregiving systems recently studied in humans as well as rodents. Key parental brain areas regulate emotions, motivation/reward, and decision making, as well as more complex social-cognitive circuits. Additional key environmental factors must include socioeconomic status and paternal brain physiology. These have implications for developmental and evolutionary biology as well as public policy.
Affirmation of a developmental systems approach to genetics
Authors: Halpern Carolyn Tucker 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMore than 40 years ago, Gilbert Gottlieb and like-minded scholars argued for the philosophical necessity of approaching genetic contributions to development through a multilevel, bidirectional systems perspective. Charney's target article builds on this heritage in significant ways, offering more recent examples of the interactions of biology and context, as well as the diversity of developmental mechanisms, and reaffirming a way forward for genetic research.
Is behavioral genetics ‘too-big-to-know’ science?
Authors: Battaglia Marco 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSeveral new molecular findings and concepts furnish evidence in support of gene–environment interdependence, challenging some of the current tenets and basic statistics of behavioral genetics. I, however, argue that (1) some of the expectations evoked by “neogenomics” are contradicted by findings; and (2) while epigenetic and gene expression effects are complex, they can to some extent be incorporated into “classical” behavioral genetics modeling.
Assumptions in studies of heritability and genotype–phenotype association
Authors: Miller Michael B. , DeYoung Colin G. , McGue Matt 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCharney's dismissal of well-established methods in behavioral genetic research is misguided. He claims that studies of heritability and genetic association depend for their validity on six assumptions, but he cites no sources to support this claim. We explain why none of the six assumptions is strictly necessary for the utility of either method of genetic analysis.
Spatially heterogeneous diapycnal mixing in the abyssal ocean: A comparison of two parameterizations to observations
Authors: Decloedt Thomas , Luther Douglas S. 
Published: October 2012

The spatial distributions of the diapycnal diffusivity predicted by two abyssal mixing schemes are compared to each other and to observational estimates based on microstructure surveys and large‐scale hydrographic inversions. The parameterizations considered are the tidal mixing scheme by Jayne, St. Laurent and co‐authors (JSL01) and the Roughness Diffusivity Model (RDM) by Decloedt and Luther. Comparison to microstructure surveys shows that both parameterizations are conservative in estimating the vertical extent to which bottom‐intensified mixing penetrates into the stratified water column. In particular, the JSL01 exponential vertical structure function with fixed scale height decays to background values much nearer topography than observed. JSL01 and RDM yield dramatically different horizontal spatial distributions of diapycnal diffusivity, which would lead to quite different circulations in OGCMs, yet they produce similar basin‐averaged diffusivity profiles. Both parameterizations are shown to yield smaller basin‐mean diffusivity profiles than hydrographic inverse estimates for the major ocean basins, by factors ranging from 3 up to over an order of magnitude. The canonical 10−4 m2 s−1abyssal diffusivity is reached by the parameterizations only at depths below 3 km. Power consumption by diapycnal mixing below 1 km of depth, between roughly 32°S and 48°N, for the RDM and JSL01 parameterizations is 0.40 TW & 0.28 TW, respectively. The results presented here suggest that present‐day mixing parameterizations significantly underestimate abyssal mixing. In conjunction with other recently published studies, a plausible interpretation is that parameterizing the dissipation of bottom‐generated internal waves is not sufficient to approximate the global spatial distribution of diapycnal mixing in the abyssal ocean.
Critical assessment of surface incident solar radiation observations collected by SURFRAD, USCRN and AmeriFlux networks from 1995 to 2011
Authors: Wang Kaicun , Augustine John , Dickinson Robert E. 
Published: October 2012

Surface incident solar radiation (Rs) drives weather and climate changes. Observations of Rs have been widely used as reference data to evaluate climate model simulations and satellite retrievals. However, few have studied uncertainties of Rs observations, especially long term. This paper compares Rs from 1995 to 2011 at collocated sites collected by the Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD), the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) and the AmeriFlux network. SURFRAD stations have measured separately the diffuse and direct components of Rs as well as Rs by a pyranometer, while Rs was measured by a pyranometer or a net radiometer at the USCRN and AmeriFlux sites. Rs can be calculated by summing the diffuse and direction radiation measurements. Rs measured by the summation technique was compared those measured by a pyranometer or a net radiometer at collocated sites. Agreement among these four independent Rs measurements is good with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98 and an average error (one standard deviation) of about 4% at both hourly and monthly time scales. Rs has a large spatial variability at the hourly time scale, even exceeding 100 W m−2 in ∼6 km. This spatial variability is substantially reduced at the monthly time scale. The two independent measurement systems at the SURFRAD sites agree rather well in annual variability of Rs with an average relative standard deviation error of 34%. The errors are 71% and 85% for the USCRN and AmeriFlux sites. Evidently, caution should be taken when using the Rs data collected at the USCRN and AmeriFlux sites to study annual variability of Rs.
Growth of Screen‐Detected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Men: A Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Sherer EA , Bies RR , Clancy P , Norman PE , Golledge J 
Published: October 2012

There is considerable interindividual variability in the growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), but an individual's growth observations, risk factors, and biomarkers could potentially be used to tailor surveillance. To assess the potential for tailoring surveillance, this study determined the accuracy of individualized predictions of AAA size at the next surveillance observation. A hierarchical Bayesian model was fitted to a total of 1,732 serial ultrasound measurements from 299 men in whom ultrasound screening identified an AAA. The data were best described by a nonlinear model with a constant first derivative of the AAA growth rate with size. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for predicting whether an AAA was ≥40 or ≥50 mm at the next observation were 0.922 and 0.979, respectively, and the median root mean squared error was 2.52 mm. These values were nearly identical for models with or without plasma D‐dimer effects.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2012) 1, e12; doi:10.1038/psp.2012.13; advance online publication 24 October 2012
Temperature-dependence of the DnaA–DNA interaction and its effect on the autoregulation of dnaA expression
Authors: Saggioro Chiara , Olliver Anne , Sclavi Bianca 
Published: October 2012

The DnaA protein is a key factor for the regulation of the timing and synchrony of initiation of bacterial DNA replication. The transcription of the dnaA gene in Escherichia coli is regulated by two promoters, dnaAP1 and dnaAP2. The region between these two promoters contains several DnaA-binding sites that have been shown to play an important role in the negative auto-regulation of dnaA expression. The results obtained in the present study using an in vitro and in vivo quantitative analysis of the effect of mutations to the high-affinity DnaA sites reveal an additional effect of positive autoregulation. We investigated the role of transcription autoregulation in the change of dnaA expression as a function of temperature. While negative auto-regulation is lost at dnaAP1, the effects of both positive and negative autoregulation are maintained at the dnaAP2 promoter upon lowering the growth temperature. These observations can be explained by the results obtained in vitro showing a difference in the temperature-dependence of DnaA–ATP binding to its high- and low-affinity sites, resulting in a decrease in DnaA–ATP oligomerization at lower temperatures. The results of the present study underline the importance of the role for autoregulation of gene expression in the cellular adaptation to different growth temperatures.