bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesion of Streptococci to various orthodontic composite resins
Authors: Velazquez‐Enriquez U , Scougall‐Vilchis RJ , Contreras‐Bulnes R , Flores‐Estrada J , Uematsu S , Yamaguchi R 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis investigation aimed to determine quantitatively the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus to orthodontic composite resins that were tested simultaneously using radio‐markers.MethodsSeven orthodontic composite resins were classified into seven groups: BeautyOrtho Bond (GI), Blugloo (GII), Enlight (GIII), Grengloo (GIV), Kurasper F (GV), Transbond CC (GVI) and Turbo Bond II (GVII). Thirty 4 x 4 x 1 mm blocks of each orthodontic composite resin were made (a total of 210 blocks). Both Streptococcus species were cultivated independently. For the quantitative analysis, radioactive markers were used to codify the bacteria (3H for Streptococcus mutans and 14C for Streptococcus sobrinus). The blocks were submerged in a solution with microorganisms previously radiolabelled for 2 hours at 37 °C in constant movement. The blocks were placed in a combustion system to quantify the Streptococcus adhering to the surface of the materials by capturing the residues and measuring the radiation.ResultsSignificant differences in bacterial adhesion were found among the groups. The lowest significant scores for both microorganisms were observed in GIII.ConclusionsThe orthodontic composite resin evaluated in GIII exhibited the lowest adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, which may reduce enamel demineralization and the risk of white spot lesion formation.
Social Security and Early Retirement: The Relationship Between Workers, Firms and Governments
Authors: Lefebvre Mathieu 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper we survey a number of theoretical and empirical studies in order to propose explanations to the fall of labour force participation at older age. Starting from the largely studied effect of social security schemes on labour supply, we explore the employers behaviour and the role of governments in the development of early retirement schemes. We show that early retirement is the result of a global agreement between firms and government where workers have incentives to early exit the labour market due to generous non actuarial benefits. Firms have an advantage to separate older workers because they are costly compared to young workers and governments hope that by pushing elderly into early retirement they will solve the massive unemployment problem.
La Gouvernance Mutualiste Comme Levier de ContrÔle: Le Cas D'une Banque
Authors: Marsal Christine 
Published: February 2013

RÉSUMÉIl est courant de mettre en doute la réalité du pouvoir des sociétaires élus dans les organes de gouvernance des banques coopératives. Plus encore, lorsqu'il s'agit d'analyser les mandats des élus de caisse locale. Notre recherche a pour objectif d'analyser plus finement les termes de leur engagement. Les résultats de notre étude de cas, montrent que les élus participent à différents leviers de contrôle. Cette participation contribue à canaliser l'action des dirigeants et des cadres intermédiaires.
Job leaving intentions and occupation‐related beliefs amongst preregistered dental nurses in Scotland: the mediating role of work engagement and personal accomplishment
Authors: Forbes Gillian , Freeman Ruth , McCombes Wendy , Humphris Gerry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the job resource beliefs of preregistration dental nurses and subsequently investigate their relationship with work engagement, personal accomplishment and intention to leave amongst this occupational group in Scotland.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey design was used. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Personal accomplishment (a subscale of Maslach Burnout Inventory) and author‐developed questions for job resource beliefs and intention to leave were the measuring instruments used.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐one dental nurses participated (82% response rate). Mean age was 25 and mean job tenure was 17.5 months. The job resource belief most valued was ‘good working relationship’. A multiple mediated path analytical model was explored. Work engagement adjusted for job resource beliefs was very strongly negatively associated with intention to leave (−0.93). There was an indirect relationship between job resource beliefs and intention to leave (−0.28) mediated via work engagement and personal accomplishment.ConclusionsDental nurses under training held job resource beliefs about their profession that were associated with work engagement, personal accomplishment and their stability of remaining in the job.
Oviposition and larval development of a stem borer, Eoreuma loftini, on rice and non‐crop grass hosts
Authors: Beuzelin J.M. , Wilson L.T. , Showler A.T. , Mészáros A. , Wilson B.E. , Way M.O. , Reagan T.E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA greenhouse study compared oviposition preference and larval development duration of a stem borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), on rice, Oryza sativa L. cv Cocodrie (Poaceae), and four primary non‐crop hosts of Texas Gulf Coast rice agroecosystems. Rice and two perennials, johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., and vaseygrass, Paspalum urvillei Steud. (both Poaceae), were assessed at three phenological stages. Two spring annuals, brome, Bromus spec., and ryegrass, Lolium spec. (both Poaceae), were assessed at two phenological stages. Phenological stages represented the diversity of plant development stages E. loftini may encounter. Plant fresh biomass, dry biomass, and sum of tiller heights were used as measures of plant availability. Accounting for plant availability, rice was preferred over non‐crop hosts, and intermediate and older plants were preferred over young plants. Johnsongrass and vaseygrass were 32–60% as preferred as rice when considering the most preferred phenological stages of each host. Brome and ryegrass received few or no eggs, respectively. Eoreuma loftini larval development (in degree days above developmental threshold temperatures) was fastest on rice and slowest on johnsongrass and vaseygrass. Development duration was only retarded by plant stage on young rice plants. Foliar and stem free amino acid concentrations were determined to help provide insights on the mechanisms of E. loftini oviposition preference and developmental performance.
Barley yellow dwarf virus transmission and feeding behaviour of Rhopalosiphum padi on Hordeum bulbosum clones
Authors: Schliephake E. , Habekuss A. , Scholz M. , Ordon F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA Hordeum bulbosum L. (Poaceae) clone A17 was identified, which showed complete resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV). It was not possible to infect plants of A17 with BYDV‐PAV, ‐MAV, or with CYDV‐RPV by the aphid vectors Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) or Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (both Hemiptera: Aphididae). Plants of the A17 clone and of the BYDV‐susceptible H. bulbosum clone A21 revealed some resistance to R. padi compared to the susceptible winter barley cultivar Rubina [Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)]. The development time to the imago was longer and the number of nymphs was reduced on both clones compared with cv. Rubina. The probing and feeding behaviour of R. padi on plants of the H. bulbosum clones was studied over 12 h and compared with that on plants of the barley cv. Rubina. Principal component analysis of the results of the feeding behaviour revealed a clear separation of the H. bulbosum genotypes from Rubina. On H. bulbosum the number of penetrations was higher but total feeding time was shorter. Significant differences were mainly found in the phloem feeding parameters for plants of both clones in comparison to Rubina, with the virus resistant A17 clone having the strongest effect and the susceptible A21 clone being intermediate. Most significant differences were found in parameters of the phloem salivation phase. On A17, an average of less than one (0.9) E1 phase per plant was observed (3.3 on A21 and 5.7 on Rubina) and its duration was reduced to less than 1 min (0.9 min) in comparison to 2.4 min on A21 and 5.7 min on Rubina. Also, the phloem feeding (E2) phase was clearly reduced on A17 plants with 0.5 E2 phases per test and a mean duration of 1.1 min in contrast with 2.9 and 3.5 E2 phases per test and 34.1 and 421.3 min for A21 and Rubina, respectively. These results point towards a phloem‐localized factor for aphid resistance in H. bulbosum, i.e., on A17 plants the phloem salivation time is too short for a successful infection by BYDV leading to vector resistance.
Field trapping of male Phyllonorycter ringoniella using variable ratios of pheromone components
Authors: Du Yongjun , Li Ping , Chen Zhiqun , Lin Yanru , Wang Yahong , Qin Yuanxia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sex pheromone of Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has been identified to be a blend of (Z)‐10‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z10‐14:OAc) and E4,Z10‐tetradecadienyl acetate (E4,Z10‐14:OAc) in Japan, Korea, and China. However, the commercial product based on previous results is not attractive enough to be used for monitoring and controlling apple leafminer populations in the field. We re‐investigated the attractiveness of the two pheromone components, singly and in blends, in apple orchards in Shangdong and Shaanxi, the main apple‐growing provinces in China. Our results revealed that Z10‐14:OAc alone was not attractive to P. ringoniella male moths in the field, but E4,Z10‐14:OAc alone not only was strongly attractive but caught more males than any of the blends of Z10‐14:OAc and E4,Z10‐14:OAc tested. The most attractive blend ratios differed slightly for the two locations. No clear dose–response relationship was obtained for the 2:8 blend of Z10‐14:OAc and E4,Z10‐14:OAc. However, the dose–response field study of E4,Z10‐14:OAc alone showed that 1 mg per lure achieved the highest moth catch. These findings differ from the previous report of the best pheromone blend in China. Our data showed that E4,Z10‐14:OAc is the major component of the pheromone of P. ringoniella.
Reintroduction of a native galaxiid (Galaxias fasciatus) following piscicide treatment in two streams: response and recovery of the fish population
Authors: Pham Lan , West David , Closs Gerard P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe rehabilitation of native communities by means of eradicating unwanted fish species using piscicides is an example of employing disturbance to achieve conservation successes. Such projects provide a valuable opportunity to test the efficiency of the tool and the impacts on the receiving aquatic communities, as disturbance occurs at a known time. The piscicide ‘rotenone’ has been widely used to eradicate invasive or unwanted fish species worldwide. However, there is little information regarding the impact on native fish being reintroduced to a stream after rotenone treatment. The mass depletion of aquatic invertebrates due to rotenone dosing is of particular concern, as food‐limitation could negatively impact on fish growth, condition and recruitment, compromising the aims of rehabilitation. For the first time in New Zealand, rotenone was employed to eradicate brown trout (Salmo trutta) from two streams that also supported populations of banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus). Impacts on fish and aquatic invertebrates were studied in two treatment and two reference streams in Karori, Wellington. Analysis showed that invertebrate densities declined significantly in the treatment streams in the 2‐week to 2‐month period after dosing. Following reintroduction after rotenone treatment, banded kokopu condition declined significantly and levels of fish mobility were variable. One year after rotenone dosing, there was recruitment of banded kokopu juveniles in the treatment streams indicating successful reproduction, with no equivalent increase in the reference streams. Results are a positive indication for the use of rotenone as an effective conservation tool to remove unwanted fish species where they threaten native populations.
Mediofrontal event‐related potentials following observed actions reflect an action prediction error
Authors: Kobza Stefan , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBoth execution and observation of erroneous actions have been shown to increase the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as reflected in characteristic event‐related potential (ERP) components labelled error‐related negativity (ERN) and observer error‐related negativity (oERN), respectively. Whereas these labels implicate a modulation of both components by response accuracy, recent findings suggest a more general involvement of the ACC in the detection of unexpected events. In previous studies, a lower frequency of erroneous as compared with correct observed actions resulted in lower expectation of erroneous actions. The present study investigates whether ERPs following observed actions are modulated by response accuracy or violation of expectation. Sixteen human subjects observed a virtual person whose actions in a game were expected or unexpected. Action expectation was independent of accuracy. In both conditions, subjects observed correct and incorrect actions equally often. Whereas ERPs were not modulated by accuracy, we found an enhanced amplitude of a negative frontocentral ERP component in the time window of the oERN for unexpected as compared with expected observed actions, which we suggest reflects an action prediction error. These results propose that the function of the ACC in performance monitoring depends less on accuracy of actions but rather on predictions and their violations. Future research will have to clarify whether the present ERP modulations revealed a feature of the oERN or whether they represent a distinct component.
Phenotypic plasticity in the spawning traits of bigheaded carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in novel ecosystems
Authors: COULTER ALISON A. , KELLER DOUG , AMBERG JON J. , BAILEY ELIZABETH J. , GOFORTH REUBEN R. 
Published: February 2013

Summary1. Bigheaded carp, including both silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (H. nobilis) carp, are successful invasive fishes that threaten global freshwater biodiversity. High phenotypic plasticity probably contributes to their success in novel ecosystems, although evidence of plasticity in several spawning traits has hitherto been largely anecdotal or speculative.2. We collected drifting eggs from a Midwestern U.S.A. river from June to September 2011 and from April to June 2012 to investigate the spawning traits of bigheaded carp in novel ecosystems.3. Unlike reports from the native range, the presence of drifting bigheaded carp eggs was not related to changes in hydrological regime or mean daily water temperature. Bigheaded carp also exhibited protracted spawning, since we found drifting eggs throughout the summer and as late as 1 September 2011. Finally, we detected bigheaded carp eggs in a river reach where the channel is c. 30 m wide with a catchment area of 4579 km2, the smallest stream in which spawning has yet been documented.4. Taken with previous observations of spawning traits that depart from those observed within the native ranges of both bighead and silver carp, our findings provide direct evidence that bigheaded carp exhibit plastic spawning traits in novel ecosystems that may facilitate invasion and establishment in a wider range of river conditions than previously envisaged.
Flow velocity underpins microhabitat selection by gobies of the Australian Wet Tropics
Authors: DONALDSON JAMES A. , EBNER BRENDAN C. , FULTON CHRISTOPHER J. 
Published: February 2013

Summary1. Water flow is a critical driver of aquatic ecosystem health and function. Amid rising concerns over changing flow regimes, there is an urgent need to understand the functional mechanisms by which flow influences patterns of freshwater biodiversity.2. We explored the functional link between flow velocity and microhabitat specialisation in a speciose group of freshwater gobies (comprising over half the total fish species richness) within insular streams of the Australian Wet Tropics under base flow conditions. We addressed two particular questions: (i) What is the relative selectivity of species towards streambed composition and water flow velocity? and (ii) Can patterns of microhabitat occupation be explained by differences in intrinsic flow performance among species? To answer these questions, we combined visual field observations of microhabitat use with flow tank assessments of flow speed performance.3. Tropical freshwater gobies displayed strong specificity towards flow velocities, while being relatively non‐selective towards streambed composition. At opposite extremes of the spectrum, we found Sicyopterus lagocephalus occupying high‐flow (>1.0 ms−1) microhabitats while Redigobius bikolanus selected slower‐flow (<0.05 ms−1) areas. These patterns of microhabitat flow specificity were largely explained by the different abilities of species to swim and/or cling to the substratum under these different flow settings.4. Our findings confirm suggestions that predictable base flows in tropical streams support habitat specialists, which include one species capable of occupying areas of extremely high flow that very few other fishes can withstand.5. The functional link between flow and gobioid fish distribution patterns could occur throughout tropical streams of the Indo‐Pacific and Caribbean as a widespread phenomenon that may help inform stream flow management guidelines to maintain this substantial component of tropical freshwater biodiversity around the globe.
Media use and transnational political and civic participation: a case study of Mexicans in the USA
Authors: HICKERSON ANDREA A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough communication is largely understood as a prerequisite for transnational activity, little research explores exactly how transnational communities use media and what the implications of media use are for transnational civic and political participation. Research from communication studies suggests that media can affect civic and political participation in various, sometimes contradictory, ways. In an effort to merge literature from transnational and communication studies, in this study I focus on the case of Mexicans in the USA, offering secondary analyses of two datasets concerning their communication habits and civic and political participation in Mexico. Results suggest differential effects on participation based on preferences for certain media and pre‐existing attitudes.
Agreement between periapical radiographs and cone‐beam computed tomography for assessment of periapical status of root filled molar teeth
Authors: Cheung G. S. P. , Wei W. L. L. , McGrath C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the agreement between periapical radiograph (PA) and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) for periapical assessment of root filled maxillary and mandibular molars.MethodologyPeriapical radiograph and CBCT (iCat) images of 60 previously root filled molars (30 maxillary and 30 mandibular) were obtained at a review clinic. Agreement between PA and CBCT assessments of (i) number of canals per tooth, (ii) number of lesions per tooth, (iii) mesial‐distal dimension of lesions, (iv) coronal‐apical dimension of lesions and (v) presence of ‘J’‐shaped lesions were determined in comparison analyses and correlation analysis.ResultsThere were significant differences between PA and CBCT assessment for the mean number of canals (P < 0.001) and periapical lesions (P < 0.001), mean mesial‐distal (P < 0.001) and coronal‐apical dimension of the lesion (if present; P < 0.001) and the mean number of ‘J’‐shaped lesions (P < 0.05). The magnitude of the statistical differences (or bias) was greater for maxillary than mandibular molars regarding the number and size of the lesions identified. Correlation values were weaker between PA and CBCT assessments of maxillary molars than for mandibular molars in all parameters assessed.ConclusionThere were substantial disagreements between PA and CBCT for assessing the periapical status of molar teeth, especially for the maxillary arch. The findings have implications in periapical diagnosis and for evaluating the outcome of endodontic care.
Expression of a cytokine, interleukin‐23, in experimental periapical lesions
Authors: Hu Y. , Xiong H. , Peng B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)‐23, a new member of the IL‐12 family, in experimental periapical lesions.MethodologyPeriapical lesions were induced in Wistar rats by occlusal surface pulp exposure in mandibular first molars. The rats were randomly sacrificed 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 56 days after pulp exposure. The jaws that contained the first molars were obtained and routinely prepared for radiographic, histological, enzyme histochemical, immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescence analyses. Data were analysed by one‐way analysis of variance and the Pearson correlation test.ResultsThe number of IL‐23‐positive cells increased from day 7 to day 35 and then gradually decreased. The number of osteoclasts increased and peaked on day 14 and then gradually decreased from day 21 to day 56. A significant positive correlation existed between the number of IL‐23 positive cells and the size of bone resorption in periapical lesions from day 7 to day 56 (r = 0.875, P < 0.01).ConclusionsInterleukin‐23 can be observed and may be associated with inflammatory response and bone resorption in periapical lesions.
Evaluation of the Joypex 5 and Root ZX II: an in vivo and ex vivo study
Authors: Soares R. M. V. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Herrera D. R. , Krebs R. L. , Coutinho‐Filho T. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate in vivo and ex vivo the accuracy of the multifrequency electronic root canal length measurement device (ERCLMD) Joypex 5 and compare it with the Root ZX II. The ex vivo methodology for evaluation of the accuracy of ERCLMDs was also validated by comparison with in vivo results.MethodologyTwenty single‐rooted human teeth that were scheduled for extraction were selected. Working length measurements were performed in vivo with the Joypex 5 and Root ZX II. After the teeth were extracted, each canal was measured with the ERCLMDs ex vivo. Then, a size 15 K‐file was used to determine the reference working length (RWL), which was established 0.5 mm from the major foramen by direct observation. The measurements of working length obtained with the different methods and ERCLMDs were compared by analysis of variance and Tukey's test at P < .05. Statistical correlations were also performed.ResultsNo significant difference was observed between in vivo and ex vivo measurements or the different types of ERCLMDs. The Bland–Altman plot confirmed the agreement of different methods and ERCLMDs to measure canal length. The R2 coefficient obtained in both situations, comparing the ERCLMDs, was close to 1, denoting a strong agreement between measurements obtained with the Joypex 5 and Root ZX II and between in vivo and ex vivo methodologies.ConclusionThe Joypex 5 and Root ZX II had similar accuracy in determining working length of root canals. The ex vivo methodology for evaluation of the accuracy of ERCLMDs was validated when compared with the in vivo results.