bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatalities in High School and College Football Players
Authors: Boden Barry P. , Breit Ilan , Beachler Jason A. , Williams Aaron , Mueller Frederick O. 
Published: March 2013

Background: Fatalities in football are rare but tragic events. Purpose: The purpose was to describe the causes of fatalities in high school and college football players and potentially provide preventive strategies. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We reviewed the 243 football fatalities reported to the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research from July 1990 through June 2010. Results: Football fatalities averaged 12.2 per year, or 1 per 100,000 participants. There were 164 indirect (systemic) fatalities (average, 8.2 annually [or 0.7 per 100,000 participants]) and 79 direct (traumatic) fatalities (average, 4.0 annually [or 0.3 per 100,000 participants]). Indirect fatalities were 2.1 times more common than direct fatalities. The risk of a fatality in college compared with high school football players was 2.8 (95% CI, 0.7-8.2) times higher for all fatalities, 3.6 (95% CI, 2.5-5.3) times higher for indirect events, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.6-3.0) times higher for direct injuries, 3.8 (95% CI, 1.8-8.3) times higher for heat illness, and 66 (95% CI, 14.4-308) times higher for sickle cell trait (SCT) fatalities. Most indirect events occurred in practice sessions; preseason practices and intense conditioning sessions were vulnerable periods for athletes to develop heat illness or SCT fatalities, respectively. In contrast, most brain fatalities occurred during games. The odds of a fatality during the second decade, compared with the first decade of the study, were 9.7 (95% CI, 1.2-75.9) for SCT, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.8-2.9) for heat illness, 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8-1.7) for cardiac fatalities, and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.4-1.2) for brain fatalities. The most common causes of fatalities were cardiac failure (n = 100, 41.2%), brain injury (n = 62, 25.5%), heat illness (n = 38, 15.6%), SCT (n = 11, 4.5%), asthma and commotio cordis (n = 7 each, 2.9% each), embolism/blood clot (n = 5, 2.1%), cervical fracture (n = 4, 1.7%), and intra-abdominal injury, infection, and lightning (n = 3, 1.2% each). Conclusion: High school and college football have approximately 12 fatalities annually with indirect systemic causes being twice as common as direct blunt trauma. The most common causes are cardiac failure, brain injury, and heat illness. The incidence of fatalities is much higher at the college level for most injuries other than brain injuries, which were only slightly more common at the college level. The risk of SCT, heat-related, and cardiac deaths increased during the second decade of the study, indicating these conditions require a greater emphasis on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis in social work research: Uncharted territory
Authors: Aguirre Regina TP , Bolton Kristin Whitehill 
Published: March 2013

Summary The authors present the field of social work with a methodology specifically aimed at the synthesis of qualitative research informed by existing methods and applications yet tailored to the unique values and goals of the profession of social work. Findings Though qualitative research in social work is commonplace, currently, the field lacks a methodology to synthesize these qualitative studies. A synthesis of qualitative studies results in generation of a more in-depth understanding of the phenomena studied that can be used to develop theory and inform practice and policy. Applications This methodology enables synergistic understanding of phenomena with richness in diversity of settings, participants, and qualitative traditions. This synergistic understanding can be used to develop theory and inform practice and policy.
Impact of interaction of cigarette smoking with angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms on end-stage renal disease risk in a Han Chinese population
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yi , Lu Kuo-Cheng , Fang Wen-Hui , Lee Herng-Sheng , Wu Chia-Chao , Huang Yi-Hsuan , Lin Yuh-Feng , Kao Sen-Yeong , Lai Ching-Huang , Chu Chi-Ming , Su Sui-Lung 
Published: March 2013

Background: Several polymorphisms in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 genes are associated with the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Certain genetic polymorphisms may modify the deleterious effects of environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and may also modify the inherited risk. We investigated the association of six ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms with ESRD to determine whether a relationship exists between gene–smoking interactions and ESRD. Materials and methods: We performed a case-control association study and genotyped 683 ESRD patients and 653 healthy controls. All subjects were genotyped for ACE (I/D, G2350A and A-240T) and ACE2 (G8790A, A1075G and G16854C) gene polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results: Significant associations were observed between ACE I/D and G2350A polymorphisms and ESRD. There was no difference in ACE2 genotype distribution between ESRD patients and healthy controls. Haplotype analysis showed that DAA and DAT haplotypes were risk factors for ESRD. Moreover, a gene–environment interaction was observed between ACE I/D polymorphism and cigarette smoking. Conclusion: ACE I/D and ACE G2350A polymorphisms were associated with the development of ESRD. The interaction between ACE I/D polymorphism and smoking is also associated with an enhanced risk of ESRD.
An Analysis and Synthesis of DLOQ-Based Learning Organization Research
Authors: Song Ji Hoon , Chermack Thomas J. , Kim Woocheol 
Published: March 2013

The problem The development of the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) has been contributing to the research on the learning organization both academically and practically. However, scholarly use of the DLOQ has been greater in the human resource development (HRD)-related disciplines. To encourage wider use, HRD researchers should acknowledge and reflect on the limitations of the extant literature and put an effort into providing theoretical foundations for how the DLOQ could be extensively used in several related disciplines. The Solution This study reviews comprehensive studies on the DLOQ and provides an underlying theoretical rationale for utilizing the DLOQ in multiple disciplines. In addition, future research recommendations are provided for enriching the learning organization studies using the DLOQ in HRD discipline. The Stakeholders Stakeholders for this article include HRD scholars, practitioners, and scholar-practitioners interested in the DLOQ-based theory, research, and practice.
Experience of HeRO Dialysis Graft Placement in a Challenging Population
Authors: Kokkosis Angela A. , Abramowitz Steven D. , Schwitzer Jonathan , Schanzer Harry , Teodorescu Victoria J. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To assess the outcomes of the hemodialysis reliable outflow (HeRO) device in a subset of hemodialysis access-challenged patients with central venous obstruction. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a series of patients in 2 centers who underwent placement of the HeRO device between September 2009 and November 2010. Patients’ demographics, access history, HeRO patency, and number of reinterventions were analyzed. Results: Eleven patients underwent 12 HeRO implantations. The average duration of dialysis prior to HeRO placement was 5.55 ± 3.64 years. Primary and secondary patencies at 6 months and 1 year were 36.4% and 54.5% and 9.1% and 45.5%, respectively. Conclusions: In the end-stage renal disease population with central venous occlusive disease, the HeRO device offers the best long-term dialysis option when an arteriovenous fistula or graft is not possible. Close follow-up and subsequent aggressive interventions can prolong the use of the HeRO and avoid the last resort of dialysis catheters.
An efficient method for the estimation of parameters of stochastic gamma process from noisy degradation measurements
Authors: Lu Dongliang , Pandey Mahesh D , Xie Wei-Chau 
Published: March 2013

The stochastic gamma process model is widely used in modeling a variety of degradation phenomena in engineering structures and components. If degradation in a component population can be accurately measured over time, the statistical estimation of gamma process parameters is a relatively straight-forward task. However, in most practical situations, degradation data are collected through in-service and non-destructive inspection methods, which invariably contaminate the data by adding random noises (or sizing errors) to the data. Therefore, a proper estimation method is needed to filter out the effect of sizing errors from the measured degradation data. This article presents an efficient method for estimating the parameters of the gamma process model based on a novel use of the Genz transform and quasi-Monte Carlo method in the maximum likelihood estimation. Examples presented show that the proposed method is very efficient compared with the Monte Carlo method currently used for this purpose in the literature.
The role of hyaluronic acid in the management of uncomplicated recurrent female urinary tract infections: literature review and practical experience
Authors: Vedanayagam Maria , Brewin James , Briggs Karen , Salahia M Ghali , Hammadeh Mohamed Y 
Published: March 2013

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravesical hyaluronic acid (HA) in the management of female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in our hospital. Also to perform a literature review about the use of Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) in the management of female recurrent UTI and compare our findings to the published evidence available. Method: We performed a literature review of studies using HA or CS for the management of recurrent UTIs. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 22 female patients who were treated at our district general hospital for recurrent UTIs refractory to first line management and compared our experience of using this treatment to the recently published literature. Results: Literature review showed growing evidence for the use of intravesical HA and HA-CS for the prevention of female recurrent UTIs including three recently published prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs). These studies show a reduction in UTIs by over 70% in comparison to placebo and that intravesical treatment is more effective than low dose antibiotic prophylaxis. In our experience, intravesical HA was an effective second line treatment for females with recurrent UTIs. Of 22 patients with recurrent UTIs (aged 17 - 72 years), 64% (14 patients) remained recurrence free one year after treatment. In our experience, this treatment was tolerated well by the patients with minimal side effects. Conclusion: HA offers an effective management option for female patients with recurrent UTIs. It is a safe and effective second line treatment for female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections that may be refractory to first line management strategies.
Use of a Fibular Strut Allograft in an Osteoporotic Distal Humerus Fracture
Authors: Hildebrand Gregory R. , Wright David M. , Marston Scott B. , Switzer Julie A. 
Published: March 2013

In 2004, nearly 120 000 fragility fractures of the humerus were reported. As the US population ages, this number is expected to increase. Fractures of the distal humerus can be treated in a closed or open fashion. Open treatment includes open reduction and internal fixation or total elbow arthroplasty. Open reduction and internal fixation typically involves dual plating for increased stability and early mobility. We present a case in which dual plating failed due to lack of screw purchase in osteoporotic bone. This patient’s fracture was then revised with the use of a fibular strut allograft for improved stability and screw purchase. This method of fixation has not previously been described in the distal humerus and may prove useful in open fixation of osteoporotic distal humerus fractures.
An analysis of the function and expression of D6 on lymphatic endothelial cells
Authors: McKimmie Clive S. , Singh Mark D. , Hewit Kay , Lopez-Franco Oscar , Le Brocq Michelle , Rose-John Stefan , Lee Kit Ming , Baker Andrew H. , Wheat Rachel , Blackbourn David J. , Nibbs Robert J. B. , Graham Gerard J. 
Published: March 2013

Key PointsD6 regulates the ability of lymphatic endothelial cells to discriminate between mature and immature dendritic cells. D6 expression is regulated by inflammatory cytokines indicative of a preferential role in inflamed conditions.
Correlation between phenotype and genotype in a large unselected cohort of children with severe hemophilia A
Authors: Carcao Manuel D. , van den Berg H. Marijke , Ljung Rolf , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Altisent C , Auerswald G , Chalmers E , Chambost H , Cid A , Claeyssens S , Clausen N , Fischer K , Kliniek Van Creveld , van Geet Ch , Peerlinck K , Kobelt R , Kreuz W , Escuriola C , Kurnik K , Liesner R , Ljung R , Mäkipernaa A , Molinari A , Muntean W , Oldenburg J , Garrido R Pérez , Petrini P , Platokouki H , Rafowicz A , Santagostino E , Mancuso ME , Thomas A , Williams M , Gouw SC , van den Berg HM , Kenet G , Carcao M , Rivard G 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A caused by F8 null mutations show a more severe phenotype than previously untreated patients with non-null mutations. The phenotypic differences are modest, and as such not likely to affect decisions regarding when and how to start prophylaxis.
FLT3 activation cooperates with MLL-AF4 fusion protein to abrogate the hematopoietic specification of human ESCs
Authors: Bueno Clara , Ayllón Verónica , Montes Rosa , Navarro-Montero Oscar , Ramos-Mejia Verónica , Real Pedro J. , Romero-Moya Damià , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J. , Menendez Pablo 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
FLT3 activation cooperates with the MLL-AF4 fusion gene to fully abolish blood formation from hESCs. FLT3 activation does not cooperate with the MLL-AF4 fusion oncogene to transform hESCs or hESC-derived hematopoietic progeny.
Clonal selection in xenografted TAM recapitulates the evolutionary process of myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome
Authors: Saida Satoshi , Watanabe Ken-ichiro , Sato-Otsubo Aiko , Terui Kiminori , Yoshida Kenichi , Okuno Yusuke , Toki Tsutomu , Wang RuNan , Shiraishi Yuichi , Miyano Satoru , Kato Itaru , Morishima Tatsuya , Fujino Hisanori , Umeda Katsutsugu , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Adachi Souichi , Ito Etsuro , Ogawa Seishi , Ito Mamoru , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Heike Toshio 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Genetically heterogeneous subclones with varying leukemia-initiating potential exist in neonatal transient abnormal myelopoiesis. This novel xenograft model of transient abnormal myelopoiesis may provide unique insight into the evolutionary process of leukemia.
A distance-field based automatic neuron tracing method
Authors: Yang Jinzhu , Gonzalez-Bellido Paloma T , Peng Hanchuan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Automatic 3D digital reconstruction (tracing) of neurons embedded in noisy microscopic images is challenging, especially when the cell morphology is complex.

Results
We have developed a novel approach, named DF-Tracing, to tackle this challenge. This method first extracts the neurite signal (foreground) from a noisy image by using anisotropic filtering and automated thresholding. Then, DF-Tracing executes a coupled distance-field (DF) algorithm on the extracted foreground neurite signal and reconstructs the neuron morphology automatically. Two distance-transform based “force” fields are used: one for “pressure”, which is the distance transform field of foreground pixels (voxels) to the background, and another for “thrust”, which is the distance transform field of the foreground pixels to an automatically determined seed point. The coupling of these two force fields can “push” a “rolling ball” quickly along the skeleton of a neuron, reconstructing the 3D cell morphology.

Conclusion
We have used DF-Tracing to reconstruct the intricate neuron structures found in noisy image stacks, obtained with 3D laser microscopy, of dragonfly thoracic ganglia. Compared to several previous methods, DF-Tracing produces better reconstructions.
The genetic structure of a Venturia inaequalis population in a heterogeneous host population composed of different Malusspecies
Authors: Leroy Thibault , Lemaire Christophe , Dunemann Frank , Le Cam Bruno 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Adaptation, which induces differentiation between populations in relation to environmental conditions, can initiate divergence. The balance between gene flow and selection determines the maintenance of such a structure in sympatry. Studying these two antagonistic forces in plant pathogens is made possible because of the high ability of pathogens to disperse and of the strong selective pressures exerted by their hosts. In this article, we analysed the genetic structure of the population of the apple scab fungus, Venturia inaequalis, in a heterogeneous environment composed of various Malus species. Inferences were drawn from microsatellite and AFLP data obtained from 114 strains sampled in a single orchard on nine different Malus species to determine the forces that shape the genetic structure of the pathogen.

Results
Using clustering methods, we first identified two specialist subpopulations: (i) a virulent subpopulation sampled on Malus trees carrying the Rvi6 resistance gene; and (ii) a subpopulation infecting only Malus trees that did not carry this resistance gene. A genome scan of loci on these two subpopulations did not detect any locus under selection. Additionally, we did not detect any other particular substructure linked to different hosts. However, an isolation-by-distance (IBD) pattern at the orchard scale revealed free gene flow within each subpopulation.

Conclusions
Our work shows a rare example of a very strong effect of a resistance gene on pathogen populations. Despite the high diversity of Malus hosts, the presence of Rvi6 seems sufficient to explain the observed genetic structure. Moreover, detection of an IBD pattern at the orchard scale revealed a very low average dispersal distance that is particularly significant for epidemiologists and landscape managers for the design of scab control strategies
Sequencing and annotation of the Ophiostoma ulmigenome
Authors: Khoshraftar Shima , Hung Stacy , Khan Sadia , Gong Yunchen , Tyagi Vibha , Parkinson John , Sain Mohini , Moses Alan M , Christendat Dinesh 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The ascomycete fungus Ophiostoma ulmi was responsible for the initial pandemic of the massively destructive Dutch elm disease in Europe and North America in early 1910. Dutch elm disease has ravaged the elm tree population globally and is a major threat to the remaining elm population. O. ulmi is also associated with valuable biomaterials applications. It was recently discovered that proteins from O. ulmi can be used for efficient transformation of amylose in the production of bioplastics.

Results
We have sequenced the 31.5 Mb genome of O.ulmi using Illumina next generation sequencing. Applying both de novo and comparative genome annotation methods, we predict a total of 8639 gene models. The quality of the predicted genes was validated using a variety of data sources consisting of EST data, mRNA-seq data and orthologs from related fungal species. Sequence-based computational methods were used to identify candidate virulence-related genes. Metabolic pathways were reconstructed and highlight specific enzymes that may play a role in virulence.

Conclusions
This genome sequence will be a useful resource for further research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity by O. ulmi. It will also facilitate the identification of enzymes necessary for industrial biotransformation applications.
Comparative analysis of protein-protein interactions in the defense response of rice and wheat
Authors: Cantu Dario , Yang Baoju , Ruan Randy , Li Kun , Menzo Virginia , Fu Daolin , Chern Mawsheng , Ronald Pamela C , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Despite the importance of wheat as a major staple crop and the negative impact of diseases on its production worldwide, the genetic mechanisms and gene interactions involved in the resistance response in wheat are still poorly understood. The complete sequence of the rice genome has provided an extremely useful parallel road map for genetic and genomics studies in wheat. The recent construction of a defense response interactome in rice has the potential to further enhance the translation of advances in rice to wheat and other grasses. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of conservation in the protein-protein interactions in the rice and wheat defense response interactomes. As entry points we selected proteins that serve as key regulators of the rice defense response: the RAR1/SGT1/HSP90 protein complex, NPR1, XA21, and XB12 (XA21 interacting protein 12).

Results
Using available wheat sequence databases and phylogenetic analyses we identified and cloned the wheat orthologs of these four rice proteins, including recently duplicated paralogs, and their known direct interactors and tested 86 binary protein interactions using yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) assays. All interactions between wheat proteins were further tested using in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Eighty three percent of the known rice interactions were confirmed when wheat proteins were tested with rice interactors and 76% were confirmed using wheat protein pairs. All interactions in the RAR1/SGT1/ HSP90, NPR1 and XB12 nodes were confirmed for the identified orthologous wheat proteins, whereas only forty four percent of the interactions were confirmed in the interactome node centered on XA21. We hypothesize that this reduction may be associated with a different sub-functionalization history of the multiple duplications that occurred in this gene family after the divergence of the wheat and rice lineages.

Conclusions
The observed high conservation of interactions between proteins that serve as key regulators of the rice defense response suggests that the existing rice interactome can be used to predict interactions in wheat. Such predictions are less reliable for nodes that have undergone a different history of duplications and sub-functionalization in the two lineages.