bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Brain Structure and Spiritual Experience
Authors: Newberg Andrew B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter will review the transformations of brain structure and function associated with spiritual experiences by considering the current state of neurophysiological investigations of spiritual experiences in terms of brain imaging, neurotransmitter studies, hormone function, and immune function. There are currently a number of techniques for studying the brain and its related functions. Such techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As will be discussed in this chapter, these imaging techniques can observe the very broad function of different structures of the brain as well as detailed neurotransmitter systems with regard to spiritual experience. Additional studies of various hormone levels, autonomic activity, and immune function can also be integrated into a comprehensive model that can be utilized to help better understand the biological correlates of spiritual experiences.
Knowledge, Intention, and Matter
Authors: Tiller William A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In human experience, there appear to be at least two uniquely different pathways to accessing knowledge, Logos (physical science) and Mythos (psychoenergetic science). Here, we show that a simple electrical device can serve as an effective host for a specific intention. Such a device can be utilized to (1) raise the electromagnetic gauge symmetry state of an experimental space from the uncoupled state to the coupled state of physical reality and (2) to tune that space to materialize the property changes implicit in the specific intention. Three uniquely different materials via four different experiments have been robustly successful, one of which has been replicated by others. This work shows that a functioning nature exists beyond our conventional level of electrically charged atom/molecule world. This impacts domains of reality of serious interest to religions and human spiritual reality. It strongly suggests that higher dimensional domains of reality are held within the overarching potential field of the Divine.
Public Histories of Food
Authors: Green Rayna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFood history is part of what we call "public history." Public institutions such as museums, historic houses, national parks, and food production facilities collect, document, preserve, and present knowledge and practices, known as foodways, and as such, play a key role in narrating the production, preservation, service, distribution, and consumption of food throughout history. This article describes the types and styles of food history found in public institutions and looks at notable examples of that history in practice in the United States. It also presents some examples of what is missing, and why, in the institutional (or public) recollection of major stories in food history.
Critical Nutrition Studies
Authors: Biltekoff Charlotte 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPublic discourse about food generally consists of nutritional guides, ethical philosophies, labeling schemes, and food industry trends, all of which try to offer often competing solutions to consumers seeking to know more about what is good to eat. As this anxiety about eating right continues to grow, what consumers really need is a more informed, educated, and critical relationship to dietary health and dietary advice, rather than more information about the nutritional content of food or where it comes from. This article first provides a brief overview of the emerging critical nutrition studies before analyzing the history and historiography of nutrition and dietary health in the United States since the late nineteenth century. It argues that critical nutrition studies as a discipline provide the foundation for a new "critical dietary literacy," and thus can help us rethink contemporary discourses of food and health.
Food and Ethical Consumption
Authors: Ankeny Rachel A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTraditional stories about food consumption would indicate that over the course of history, choosing what to eat and drink has been a relative simple endeavor for most people, who often did not give much thought to their choices or the values underlying them. Today, our choices about what foodstuffs to consume are more than just a simple attempt to fill an empty stomach. This article examines contemporary food ethics, ethical food consumerism, and "ethical food consumption." It argues that contemporary and historic discussions of food ethics differ in terms of connection between identity and ethical food choices, which in turn has reshaped what we know about ethical food choices. The article first discusses vegetarianism and veganism before turning to animal welfare, local consumption, organic foods, food products that are free of genetically modified organisms, food miles and sustainable/green products, boycotts and cause-related marketing, fair trade, and overconsumption and freeganism.
Introduction: Shifts, Zigzags, Impacts
Authors: Castronovo Russ 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This introductory article explains the coverage of this book, which is about nineteenth-century American literature. It explores how readers identify and tackle interpretative problems of nineteenth-century American literature and suggests a range of unfamiliar yet practical coordinates for revising, questioning, and unsettling what we think we know and mean when we take novels, poems, and other discursive and visual artifacts as somehow emblematic or belonging to the body of nineteenth-century American literature. The article analyzes the works of several nineteenth-century American authors including Mark Twain, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Washington Irving.
Archives of Publishing and Gender: Historical Codes in Literary Analysis
Authors: Samuels Shirley 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on archives of publishing and gender in the U.S.A., and the historical codes in literary analysis. It investigates how archival research changed what we thought we knew about American authors, and suggests that the documents left by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Hannah Crafts have forced us to revise standard assumptions about the American canon and its outliers. The article discusses some possibilities that arise from the practices of archival research and suggests what these practices make possible in the interpretation of literature.
The Psychology of Performance in Sport and Other Domains
Authors: Hays Kate F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter addresses the psychology of performance in domains including sports, the performing arts, business/executive coaching, and high-risk professions. Performance psychology and sport psychology are described as interrelated fields. At the same time, with its long history of research as well as practice, sport psychology holds a particular, privileged position within the broader field of performance psychology. The roots of performance psychology lie in the fields of applied sport psychology, psychotherapy, and consultation or coaching. The chapter reviews critical issues in the psychology of performance: standards and excellence, competition, emotion, temporal factors, audience, pressure, performance consequences, and performers’ developmental trajectories. Issues of appropriate preparation for performance psychology practice and performance psychologists’ roles and ethics are briefly addressed. In the various domains of performance psychology, clients’ attitudes toward consultants may vary. Further research, training, and practice implications are reviewed.
Performance Psychology in the Performing Arts
Authors: Nordin-Bates Sanna M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, a wide range of performance psychology–related topics are considered in relation to the performing arts. Existing research with musicians, dancers and, to a smaller extent, actors is reviewed and contrasted with sport research within a tripartite structure. In the first section, Exploring Convergence, topics with largely similar research results to sport are considered. These include expertise, talent, and deliberate practice; motivation; flow; perfectionism; disordered eating; and injury and pain. In the second section, Exploring Divergence, topics that have been tackled differently in the performing arts and sports are considered. These include psychological skills; personality; anxiety, stress, and coping; and self-confidence and self-esteem. In a third and final section, Exploring Novelty, topics that appear promising for an emerging psychology of performing arts, yet which have less precedent in sport research, are outlined. These comprise creativity and inspiration; memorization; emotional expression; and audience research.
Perfectionism and Performance
Authors: Stoeber Joachim 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPerfectionism is a personality disposition related to individual differences in performance in sport, school, and other areas of life where performance, tests, and competition play a major role. This chapter discusses the importance of differentiating two main dimensions of perfectionism—perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns—when examining the relationships between perfectionism and performance in sport, education, music competitions, aptitude tests, and laboratory tasks. The chapter presents studies showing that perfectionistic strivings are positively associated with performance and predict higher performance beyond people's general aptitude and previous performance level. In contrast, perfectionistic concerns are not consistently negatively associated with performance. To conclude the chapter, implications for applied psychology are discussed, as are open questions for future research regarding issues such as the development of perfectionism, performance and efficiency, and gender differences.
Expert Masters Sport Performers: Perspectives on Age-Related Processes, Skill Retention Mechanisms, and Motives
Authors: Young Bradley W. , Medic Nikola 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn exceptional cohort of masters athletes extensively train for and compete in sport during middle- and older-ages of the lifespan. This chapter, which examines the empirical research and emerging inquiry pertaining to this cohort, is specifically informed by modeling approaches to lifelong performance, psychomotor expertise perspectives, and a social-cognitive perspective on motivation. First, studies documenting optimistic trends of age-related performance decline among aging athletes are reviewed and evaluated to understand which processes might underscore retention. Second, theoretical mechanisms pertaining to the preservation of aged skilled performance are presented, for which various aspects of masters athletes’ training are integral. The third section outlines perspectives on the exceptional commitment and competitive motives that serve to perpetuate masters athletes’ extensive sport involvement. Avenues for future research and applied implications are integrated throughout the chapter.
Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use
Authors: Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Varangis Eleanna , Lai Justine K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAppearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs) include a wide range of substances borrowed from a wide range of medical disciplines and associated fields and have a long history in sport and competition. The defining features of APED use are discussed and include polypharmacy, body image disturbance, and disturbances in diet and exercise. Appearance and performance enhancing drugs are unique among substances of abuse in their biological action, as well as in the basic motivations for their use. Although there are a wide range of potentially serious physical and psychiatric side effects, APEDs continue to be used by millions of men and women and to a greater degree by those engaged in sport and fitness activities. It is still unclear how individuals become illicit APED users, but it is possible that legal APEDs act as a gateway substance for illicit APED use. There are few empirically supported prevention programs for APED use and a complete absence of empirically supported interventions for those using APEDs. The engagement of APED users in treatment is complicated by the ethical-legal obstacles and mistrust between the APED-using and health services communities. Future research will need to overcome these barriers to provide effective and useful interventions for those APED users in the sport or performance fields.
The Body and Performance
Authors: Strean William B. , Mills Joseph P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore various understandings of the body, including philosophical perspectives and information from cognitive science. Following a theoretical overview, we give examples of how an integrated, somatic approach to perceiving the body can be applied in sport and performance psychology. Much of sport and performance psychology seems to rely on both dualistic and cognitive approaches to understanding human behavior. We suggest that the perspective gained from the integration of thinking, feeling, and acting can enhance both research and application in the field. We offer specific examples of somatic practices that can be used in sport and performance interventions.
A History of Personnel Selection and Assessment
Authors: Vinchur Andrew J. , Koppes Bryan Laura L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter surveys the history of psychology applied to personnel selection and assessment, decade by decade, from approximately 1900 until the present. We begin with contextual factors that led to an applied psychology, along with measurement and statistical innovations that made scientific personnel selection feasible. Among the topics covered are the initial selection forays by psychologists in the early 1900s, the influence of the Carnegie Institute of Technology program, the impact of events such as World War I and II and the Civil Rights Movement on selection research and practice, and the evolution of validation and utility procedures. Finally, we reflect on the more than 100 years of research and practice by psychologists involved in personnel selection and assessment.
Environmental Perception: Wayfinding and Spatial Cognition
Authors: Devlin Ann Sloan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter on wayfinding and spatial cognition provides a literature review of the major topics in the field beginning with Tolman and Lynch, as well as directions for new research employing advances in technology. Reflecting the major emphasis in the field, the focus is on research in the built environment. The major areas of study include the development of wayfinding expertise in children and adults (specifically the progression from landmarks to route to configurational knowledge) and in those with cognitive and/or visual impairments; the problem of verisimilitude in wayfinding tasks; the areas of brain function underlying wayfinding behavior, specifically the role of the hippocampus; the extent of gender differences in wayfinding, including mental rotation, pointing accuracy, and use of landmarks and cardinal directions; and the role of software and technologies employed in research on wayfinding, from Space Syntax analysis to virtual reality with head-mounted devices (HMD). As an integrative strategy for the chapter, attention is periodically drawn to the shifting balance between theory and application in the research.
Justice and the Allocation of Natural Resources: Current Concepts and Future Directions
Authors: Syme Geoffrey J. , Nancarrow Blair E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWater management is principally used here to review current knowledge in relation to social justice in the allocation of natural resources and environmental management. The sphere of human needs provided by water is described, and a water benefits approach to measuring the overall well-being from water allocation decisions is introduced. The basic concepts of social justice—procedural, interactive and distributive justice, equity, fairness, and lay environmental ethics—are outlined, along with their limitations when applied in different cultures. The premise of scale and justice judgments is posed with the example presented in watershed development in Andhra Pradesh, India. The requirement for research into ways that justice can be incorporated within the dynamic systems approaches that are becoming prevalent in ecosystems management is proposed, with the example of a fisheries-based management cycle provided to demonstrate how this can occur. The importance of incorporating and integrating time, spatial, and social dimensions into framing justice research is demonstrated. Suggestions for future research are made throughout.
Emotions and Environment
Authors: Kals Elisabeth , Müller Markus M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter illuminates the role of various categories of emotions in the context of the natural environment and their influence on pro-environmental and environmentally risky decisions. First, some examples of emotional reactions toward environmental problems are given. After discussing the question “what are environmentally relevant emotions?,” a classification of these emotions is proposed, followed by a close look at the relations of emotions and environmentally relevant activities and the special behavioral impact of the emotions not only on pro-environmental but also on environmentally risky behaviors. The chapter closes with a discussion of how knowledge about emotional factors can be used in the environmental debate and shows ways to reach a deeper understanding of the dynamics and impact of these emotions. This knowledge can enrich models of environmentally relevant behaviors as well as action models in psychology in general.
Environment and Identity
Authors: Clayton Susan D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIdentity is a core psychological construct: a way of describing an individual that locates him or her within a social and political context. It has become an increasingly prominent topic in psychology, and one with clear relevance to environmental attitudes and behaviors. But definitions of identity and of the role of the natural environment in identity remain imprecise, just as attempts to include measures of identity in environmental research have proliferated. This chapter will discuss the psychological construct of identity and describe how it is relevant to the natural environment. I review research that has directly or indirectly addressed environmental identity, and that has shown the importance of identity in predicting behavior. I conclude with a call for further research that is clearly grounded in theory about identity, as well as research on the ways in which societies and environments can facilitate a strong environmental identity.
Residential Places and Neighborhoods: Toward Healthy Life, Social Integration, and Reputable Residence
Authors: Bonaiuto Marino , Alves Susana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe multi-place system of the main residential places, from home to neighborhood to outdoor spaces up to the city, is considered within an ecological, transactional, and systemic theoretical framework. A broad theoretical model is presented, based on the residential affordances and the residential environmental fit coming out from people-environment transactions realized through the residential activities. Four main topics or processes are discussed to highlight the importance of such an approach to residential places: perception, evaluation, and satisfaction for the residential place, with particular attention given to the neighborhood; uses and activities, green areas and health; social segregation and aggregation; and place branding and reputation.
Environmental Epiphanies: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Applications
Authors: Vining Joanne , Merrick Melinda S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMeaningful emotional experiences in nature are common occurrences, but are often overlooked in the study of human-nature interactions. A subset of these experiences, which we identify as environmental epiphanies, or experiences that shift the fundamental self-nature relationship, can have profound impacts on environmental values, attitudes, and behavior. In this chapter, we explore the concept of environmental epiphanies in the context of previous empirical research, practical applications, and potential for future research. We describe findings from an initial study of this phenomenon, suggesting links to existing literature as well as places to begin future studies. We specifically highlight land management applications and contend that results from environmental epiphany studies could have widespread practical applications as well as improve our current understanding of human-nature interactions.
Collaborative Processes in Ecosystem Management
Authors: Samuelson Charles D. , Barratt Clare L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter reviews current literature on the use of collaborative processes in ecosystem management. Relevant theoretical frameworks for understanding environmental conflict resolution (ECR) collaborative processes and stakeholder partnership success are reviewed from political science, sociology, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), and systems engineering. The chapter provides an overview of existing and emerging models, techniques, and governance institutions for implementing public involvement processes (e.g., policy dialogues, collaborative learning). Conceptual progress in developing evaluation criteria for assessment of these collaborative processes and programs is summarized, followed by a narrative review of relevant empirical evaluation studies. The chapter concludes with commentary on prevailing trends in the literature and promising directions for future research.
Adjustment to Chronic Illness and Disabilities: Theoretical Perspectives, Empirical Findings, and Unresolved Issues
Authors: Livneh Hanoch , Martz Erin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractChronic illnesses and disabilities (CID) are integral parts of life, and their likelihood of occurrence increases with one's age. The experience of CID invariably necessitates personal adaptation to both the individual's diminished functional capacities and their altered interactions with the physical and social environments. The field of psychosocial adaptation (PA) to CID has exponentially grown during the past 30 years and can be conveniently collapsed into two broad domains, namely, conceptual and empirical approaches to the study of PA to CID. The conceptual approach is mostly rooted in extensive clinical observations of individuals following the aftermath of CID onset and has led to the development of numerous theoretical frameworks of PA to CID and coping with CID. Here, we provide a review of the most influential conceptual models of PA to CID. The empirical literature is examined in this chapter by focusing on those studies that have directly sought to investigate the relationships (albeit not necessarily causal in nature) among a wide range of sociodemographic characteristics, CID-linked factors, personality attributes and coping strategies, and environmental influences (these four classes of variables are typically considered as predictors, mediators or moderators), and measures of PA to CID (the latter commonly regarded as outcomes). Due to space restrictions, our review of the empirical literature only focuses on certain types of CIDs, namely, spinal cord injuries, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. This chapter concludes with a discussion of those issues that need to be addressed by future researchers in the field of adaptation to CID.