bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediagnostic Circulating Polyomavirus Antibody Levels and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Teras Lauren R. , Rollison Dana E. , Pawlita Michael , Michel Angelika , Blase Jennifer L. , Willhauck-Fleckenstein Martina , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background: Three human polyomaviruses have been classified as probable (Merkel cell polyomavirus) or possible (BK and JC polyomaviruses) carcinogens, but few epidemiologic studies have examined associations between this growing class of viruses and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Methods: Associations between polyomavirus antibodies and NHL incidence were examined using data from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-II. This nested case–control study included 279 NHL cases and 557 controls. Prediagnostic antibodies to the major capsid protein of polyomaviruses BKV, JCV, MCV, TSV, WUV, KIV, HPy6, and HPy7 were measured by fluorescent bead-based multiplex serology, and associations with NHL were estimated using conditional logistic regression (NHL overall) and unconditional polytomous logistic regression (NHL subtypes).
Results: Although an inverse trend was suggested for TSV antibody levels and NHL risk, the HRs were not statistically significant. There were no other observed associations between polyomaviruses and NHL risk. For NHL subtypes, TSV antibody level above the median was associated with a lower risk of CLL/SLL; however, this association was based on 19 cases in the high antibody group and may be due to chance.
Conclusions: Our results do not support associations of polyomaviruses BKV, JCV, WUV, KIV, HPyV6, HPyv7, MCV, or TSV with risk of NHL.
Impact: Human polyomavirus antibody levels do not appear to predict a higher NHL risk in immunocompetent individuals. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(2); 477–80. ©2014 AACR.
Primulina glandaceistriata (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: Xinxin Zhu , WEN FANG , SUN HANG 
Published: December 2014

Primulina glandaceistriata from Lingchuan County, Guangxi, is illustrated and described as a new species. It is morphologically close to P. dryas and P. beiliuensis, but can be easily distinguished by its leaf blades oval, ovate or nearly rounded, and both leaf surfaces being sparsely purple strigulose and the hairs with a papillose base; shorter peduncle 7.5–9.5 cm long that is densely erectly purple pilose; bracts inside densely erectly purple pilose; corolla pale purple to purple, inner surface glabrous and with sparse purple spots and two obviously brown stripes, and the outer surface piloglandulose; staminodes longer, ca. 7.5 mm long. The conservation status of this new species was assessed as “Critically Endangered” (CR).
Improved Seasonal Prediction of Temperature and Precipitation over Land in a High-Resolution GFDL Climate Model
Authors: Jia Liwei , Yang Xiaosong , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Gudgel Richard G. , Delworth Thomas L. , Rosati Anthony , Stern William F. , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Krishnamurthy Lakshmi , Zhang Shaoqing , Msadek Rym , Kapnick Sarah , Underwood Seth , Zeng Fanrong , Anderson Whit G. , Balaji Venkatramani , Dixon Keith 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This study demonstrates skillful seasonal prediction of 2-m air temperature and precipitation over land in a new high-resolution climate model developed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and explores the possible sources of the skill. The authors employ a statistical optimization approach to identify the most predictable components of seasonal mean temperature and precipitation over land and demonstrate the predictive skill of these components. First, the improved skill of the high-resolution model over the previous lower-resolution model in seasonal prediction of the Niño-3.4 index and other aspects of interest is shown. Then, the skill of temperature and precipitation in the high-resolution model for boreal winter and summer is measured, and the sources of the skill are diagnosed. Last, predictions are reconstructed using a few of the most predictable components to yield more skillful predictions than the raw model predictions. Over three decades of hindcasts, the two most predictable components of temperature are characterized by a component that is likely due to changes in external radiative forcing in boreal winter and summer and an ENSO-related pattern in boreal winter. The most predictable components of precipitation in both seasons are very likely ENSO-related. These components of temperature and precipitation can be predicted with significant correlation skill at least 9 months in advance. The reconstructed predictions using only the first few predictable components from the model show considerably better skill relative to observations than raw model predictions. This study shows that the use of refined statistical analysis and a high-resolution dynamical model leads to significant skill in seasonal predictions of 2-m air temperature and precipitation over land.
Does a small posterior fossa increase nerve vascular conflict in trigeminal neuralgia?
Authors: Park Young Seok , Ha Seung Man 
Published: December 2014

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be helpful in visualizing neurovascular conflict (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), but the relationship between these two events is controversial. Purpose To investigate whether posterior fossa volume is a predisposing factor for NVC in TN. Material and Methods We conducted a case-control study of clinically diagnosed idiopathic TN of 30 patients aged 30–79 years and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. We compared the volume of the posterior fossa and subarachnoid space using fast-imaging employing steady-state acquisition MRI and the iPlan® programme of BrainLab. Results The posterior fossa volumes in controls and patients with TN were 168.97 cm3 and 167.63 cm3, respectively. A small pontomesencephalic cistern volume was more frequent in TN. However, neither the cisternal nor parenchymal portions of the posterior fossa were different between patients with TN and controls, and no significant volume difference was observed in this study. Conclusion Although the hypothesis that small posterior fossa volume influences TN was feasible, we did not find any volumetric differences (including the cisternal and parenchymal volumes).However, small pontomesencephalic cistern volumes were more frequent in patients with TN.
Nothing to complain about? Residents’ and relatives’ views on a “good life” and ethical challenges in nursing homes
Authors: Bollig Georg , Gjengedal Eva , Rosland Jan Henrik 
Published: December 2014

Background: Nursing home residents are a vulnerable population. Most of them suffer from multi-morbidity, while many have cognitive impairment or dementia and need care around the clock. Several ethical challenges in nursing homes have been described in the scientific literature. Most studies have used staff members as informants, some have focused on the relatives’ view, but substantial knowledge about the residents’ perspective is lacking. Objective: To study what nursing home residents and their relatives perceive as ethical challenges in Norwegian nursing homes. Research design: A qualitative design with in-depth interviews with nursing home residents, and focus-group interviews with relatives of nursing home residents. The digitally recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Analysis was based on Interpretive Description. Participants and research context: A total of 25 nursing home residents from nine nursing homes in Norway, and 18 relatives of nursing home residents from three of these nursing homes. Ethical considerations: This study was reported to and approved by the Regional Ethics Committee in Oslo, Norway. Findings and discussion: The main ethical challenges in Norwegian nursing homes from the residents’ and relatives’ perspective were as follows: (a) acceptance and adaptation, (b) well-being and a good life, (c) autonomy and self-determination, and (d) lack of resources. The relationship with the staff was of outmost importance and was experienced as both rewarding and problematic. None of the residents in our study mentioned ethical challenges connected to end-of-life care. Conclusion: Residents and relatives experience ethical challenges in Norwegian nursing homes, mostly connected to “everyday ethical issues.”
Non-therapeutic intensive care for organ donation
Authors: Camut Stéphanie , Baumann Antoine , Dubois Véronique , Ducrocq Xavier , Audibert Gérard 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose: Providing non-therapeutic intensive care for some patients in hopeless condition after cerebrovascular stroke in order to protect their organs for possible post-mortem organ donation after brain death is an effective but ethically tricky strategy to increase organ grafting. Finding out the feelings and opinion of the involved healthcare professionals and assessing the training needs before implementing such a strategy is critical to avoid backlash even in a presumed consent system. Participants and methods: A single-centre opinion survey of healthcare professionals was conducted in 2013 in the potentially involved wards of a French University Hospital: the Neurosurgical, Surgical and Medical Intensive Care Units, the Stroke Unit and the Emergency Department. A questionnaire with multiple-choice questions and one open-ended question was made available in the different wards between February and May 2013. Ethical considerations: The project was approved by the board of the Lorraine University Diploma in Medical Ethics. Results: Of a total of 340 healthcare professionals, 51% filled the form. Only 21.8% received a specific education on brain death, and only 18% on potential donor’s family approach and support. Most healthcare professionals (93%) think that non-therapeutic intensive care is the continuity of patient’s care. But more than 75% of respondents think that the advance patient’s consent and the consent of the family must be obtained despite the presumed consent rule regarding post-mortem organ donation in France. Conclusion: The acceptance by healthcare professionals of non-therapeutic intensive care for brain death organ donation seems fairly good, despite a suboptimal education regarding brain death, non-therapeutic intensive care and families’ support. But they ask to require previously expressed patient’s consent and family’s approval. So, it seems that non-therapeutic intensive care should only remain an ethically sound mean of empowerment of organ donors and their families to make post-mortem donation happen as a full respect of individual autonomy.
Horizontal transfer of aligned Si nanowire arrays and their photoconductive performance
Authors: Zhang Dalin , Cheng Gong , Wang Jianquan , Zhang Chunqian , Liu Zhi , Zuo Yuhua , Zheng Jun , Xue Chunlai , Li Chuanbo , Cheng Buwen , Wang Qiming 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An easy and low-cost method to transfer large-scale horizontally aligned Si nanowires onto a substrate is reported. Si nanowires prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching were assembled and anchored to fabricate multiwire photoconductive devices with standard Si technology. Scanning electron microscopy images showed highly aligned and successfully anchored Si nanowires. Current-voltage tests showed an approximately twofold change in conductivity between the devices in dark and under laser irradiation. Fully reversible light switching ON/OFF response was also achieved with an I
ON/I
OFF ratio of 230. Dynamic response measurement showed a fast switching feature with response and recovery times of 10.96 and 19.26 ms, respectively.
Incidence, Presentation, and Prognosis of Malignancies in Ataxia-Telangiectasia: A Report From the French National Registry of Primary Immune Deficiencies
Authors: Suarez Felipe , Mahlaoui Nizar , Canioni Danielle , Andriamanga Chantal , Dubois d'Enghien Catherine , Brousse Nicole , Jais Jean-Philippe , Fischer Alain , Hermine Olivier , Stoppa-Lyonnet Dominique 
Published: December 2014

Purpose Biallelic mutations in ATM cause ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), a rare inherited disease with a high incidence of cancer. Precise estimates of the risk, presentation, and outcomes of cancer in patients with AT need to be addressed in large series. Patients and Methods In this large retrospective cohort, 69 patients with cancers (24.5%) were identified among 279 patients with AT. Centralized review was performed on 60% of the lymphomas. Incidence rates were compared with the French population, and risk factors were analyzed. Results Eight patients developed acute leukemias (including four T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias), 12 developed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 38 developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), three developed T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), and eight developed carcinoma at a median age of 8.3, 10.6, 9.7, 24.2, and 31.4 years, respectively (P < .001). The majority of NHLs were aggressive B-cell NHL. Epstein-Barr virus was associated with all of the HLs and 50% of the NHLs. Overall survival was shorter in patients with AT who developed cancer compared with those who did not develop cancer (15 v 24 years, respectively; P < .001). Survival was improved in patients who achieved a major response to treatment (3.46 v 0.87 years for major v minor responses, respectively; P = .011). Immunodeficiency was associated with increased risk of cancer. ATM mutation type was associated with a difference in survival in the entire cohort but not with cancer incidence or cancer survival. Conclusion B-cell NHL, HL, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia occur at a high rate and earlier age than carcinomas in AT. T-PLLs are rarer than initially reported. Prognosis is poor, but patients may benefit from treatment with an improved survival.
Dmrt5 Controls Corticotrope and Gonadotrope Differentiation in the Zebrafish Pituitary
Authors: Graf Martin , Teo Qi-Wen Elizabeth-Raye , Sarusie Menachem Viktor , Rajaei Flora , Winkler Christoph 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDmrt transcription factors control sex determination or sex-specific differentiation across all invertebrate and vertebrate species, in which they have been studied so far. In addition to important functions in the reproductive system, also nongonadal roles have been assigned to several dmrt family members. One example is dmrt5, which was shown to guide neurogenesis in the forebrain of some vertebrates including fish. Here we show that in zebrafish, dmrt5 is also expressed adjacent to the pituitary anlage and later in the anterior pars distalis in which it organizes differentiation of endocrine cells. We find that pituitary induction, cell survival, proliferation, and early lineage specification in the pituitary is independent of dmrt5. Instead, dmrt5 is required for terminal differentiation of corticotropes and gonadotropes. Gene knockdown and mutant analysis revealed that dmrt5 promotes corticotrope differentiation via tbx19 expression, whereas it prevents gonadotrope differentiation in the anterior pars distalis. In dmrt5 morphants and mutants, reduced corticotrope numbers may result in irregular positioning and reduced maintenance of lactotropes. In conclusion, our study establishes a novel function for dmrt5 for cell differentiation in the anterior pituitary. Intriguingly, its effect on gonadotrope numbers defines a first nongonadal role for a dmrt family member that appears crucial for the activity of the reproductive system.
Why practitioners resent academic writing
Authors: Barkho Leon 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This editorial note focuses on why practitioners complain about academic writing. It starts with how important it is for media and journalism academics to write lively and in a lucid way to be clearly understood by their peers and the people they research. It highlights research about the correlation between the way we think and the way we write. It provides a few samples of what the author sees as poor academic writing. It discusses the impact digital and free and open access publishing is having on academic content and writing. It ends with a few suggestions.
Making news from a local bar: A linguistic ethnography of the authoring, recontextualization and reframing of a news story
Authors: Franck Maarten Charles J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Most studies of news writing focus on what happens inside the newsroom. This study focuses on an interrelated sequence of processes involving one clearly ‘located’ authoring practice outside of the newsroom, followed by its recontextualization and some reframing. A correspondent working for a news agency decided to write one story and not to write another while working from a local bar. His decisions were made on the basis of a ‘news value’ equation with regard to ‘unusualness’ and ‘negativity’. They were also made from an economic perspective. The fact that he was working from a bar did not hinder the correspondent’s work habits too much. Because of his smartphone he was able to be given an assignment, inform himself of what had happened, write an article and send it in to the news desk without having to leave his seat. Subsequently, the correspondent’s text was (quickly) taken over by online news media and recontextualized from different deictic centres, resulting in a number of small changes. Only in one instance was it uncertain, though highly likely, that the correspondent’s article was used as a source. This is the only instance in which new information was added and in which the elite frame of the story was abandoned. Thus the article traces the genesis and meaning trajectory of a news story in a digital environment.
Reflections of neo-Ottomanist discourse in Turkish news media: The case of The Magnificent Century
Authors: Arsan Esra , Yldrm Yasemin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Starting from the 2000s, when the neo-liberal conservative AKP (Justice and Development Party) came to power in Turkey, the neo-Ottomanist idea and identity became more visible as a political discourse in the public sphere. Increased use of neo-Ottomanist references, especially within the past ten years, has also appeared through popular cultural products such as books, feature films, TV commercials and TV series. Redefining the concept of Turkish nationalism and Turkish–Islamic synthesis within the neo-Ottomanist context, these products transferred these Ottomanist references into the popular arena. These attempts are not always welcomed by the AKP due to disagreements about the definition of Turkish conservatism and have sparked criticism. In this study, press coverage of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoan’s neo-Ottomanist reaction and criticism towards the very content of a TV series, titled Muhteem Yüzyl/The Magnificent Century (Tims Productions, Star TV, 2011–14), has been analysed. The research sample consisted of three national dailies, Cumhuriyet, Radikal and Yeni afak, and the newspapers were examined using the method of content analysis. As a result, it can be argued that the sample newspapers have supported different ideological backgrounds around the discussions and speculations regarding the The Magnificent Century.
Innovative writing of the twenty-first century: Multimedia journalism and education
Authors: Becker Beatriz , de Castro Laura Maia 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The emergence of innovative ways of narrative extensions in the twenty-first century is a landmark of contemporary media writing. These experiences integrate in a complex way multiple texts to create a narrative so broad that it does not fit in a single media. In journalistic production the current feedback of audiovisual content from television and from the Internet in the construction of the news represents the most innovative expression of events referred to as Multimedia Reports on websites from different countries such as the Argentine Clarín.com, the Spanish El Mundo, and the Brazilian portal Universo Online (UOL). This work presents a mapping of those inventive news formats, questioning whether the incorporation of multimedia contributes to more diverse reports of social facts. It also proposes a reflection on journalism education, discussing the importance of providing to the students opportunities to think about journalism as a form of knowledge and to make more creative and critical news in their training of future professionals.
The changing nature of environmental discourse: An exploratory comparison of environmental journalists and bloggers
Authors: Tandoc Jr. Edson C. , Takahashi Bruno 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study we present an exploratory comparison of environmental journalists and environmental bloggers. Using a web survey, we compared environmental journalists and bloggers across a range of different variables that the literature shows matter in understanding the environmental discussions that they produce. This study offers important insights about the people behind the mediated messages we get about the environment. We found that environmental journalists and environmental bloggers are similar and different at the same time. They have the same level of concern and perceived knowledge about the environment. But they also conceive of different roles in society and source their information differently. We discuss the implications of these findings on the evolving nature of environmental reporting and discourse.
Reversing declines in minority journalists: A community-based approach in East Palo Alto
Authors: Madison Ed 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Media organizations in many parts of the world seek to have their staffs reflect the make-up of the communities they serve. In April 2011, the American Society of News Editors (ASNE) reported that the number of journalists of colour working in newspaper and online newsrooms declined for the third consecutive year. Findings revealed that while minorities represent 36% of the US population, they account for only 12.79% of journalists working in newspaper newsrooms (ASNE 2011). This qualitative study investigates the unique approach underway in East Palo Alto, designed to alter a backward-sliding trend in the numbers of minorities entering the journalism profession. Through field observations and one-on-one interviews with programme participants, instructors and advisors, this study examines how academic and extracurricular choices made while in high school can affect students’ perceptions about possible futures. Specifically, it looks at the efficacy of an off-campus approach to altering a school’s dominant culture.