bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Safety Assessment of Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic, Hypovolemic Shock
Authors: Przybelski Robert J. , Daily Elaine K. , Micheels Jean , Sloan Edward , Mols Pierre , Corne Luc , Koenigsberg Max D. , Bickell William H. , Thompson Dan R. , Harviel Jay D. , Cohn Stephen M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjective:To determine the safety and possible efficacy of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) in the treatment of patients in Class II–IV hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock.Design:Multicenter, randomized, normal saline-controlled, dose-escalation study.Setting:Eleven hospitals in the U.S. and Belgium.Subjects:One hundred and thirty-nine (139) hospitalized patients with Class II–IV hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock within the previous 4 hours who still were requiring therapy for shock.Interventions:Beginning with the lowest dose, patients were randomized to receive 50,100, or 200 mL of either 10% DCLHb or normal saline infused intravenously over 15 minutes. Following infusion of either treatment, further fluid resuscitation could be given, as necessary, to maintain perfusion. Vital signs, laboratory assessments, blood and fluid administration, complications, and adverse events were recorded at various times from the end of infusion through 72 hours after infusion.Results:A total of 29 (13 DCLHb- and 16 saline-treated) patients died during the study period. Adverse events were experienced by 61% of patients in the DCLHb group and 53% of patients in the saline group; serious adverse events occurred in 28% of DCLHb-treated patients and 30% of saline-treated patients. The incidence of prospectively defined, clinical complications, including renal insufficiency and renal failure, was similar between the treatment groups except for the occurrence of dysrhythmias/conduction disorders, which occurred significantly more frequently in the saline-treated patients than the DCLHb-treated patients (p = 0.041). At the highest dose level (200 mL), statistically significant between-group differences were observed with greater increases in serum amylase, LDH, the isoenzymes LD1,2,4 and 5, and CK-MB in the DCLHb group compared to the control group; none were of clinical significance. The volume of blood administered did not differ between the groups. Overall 24- and 72-hour survival rates were similar between treatment groups, although the hospital discharge rate was slightly higher in the DCLHb-treated patients (80%) compared with the saline-treated patients (74%).Conclusion:Administration of 50 to 200 mL of DCLHb to patients in hemorrhagic, hypovolemic shock was not associated with evidence of end organ toxuity or significant adverse events. Further studies involving larger doses and, perhaps, earlier administration of DCLHb are warranted.
Magnitude of Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Six Cognitive Domains and the Most Frequently Reported Neuropsychological Tests Within Domains
Authors: Palta Priya , Schneider Andrea L.C. , Biessels Geert Jan , Touradji Pegah , Hill-Briggs Felicia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe objectives were to conduct a meta-analysis in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards to determine effect sizes (Cohen's d) for cognitive dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes, relative to nondiabetic controls, and to obtain effect sizes for the most commonly reported neuropsychological tests within domains. Twenty-four studies, totaling 26,137 patients (n = 3351 with diabetes), met study inclusion criteria. Small to moderate effect sizes were obtained for five of six domains: motor function (3 studies, n = 2374; d = −0.36), executive function (12 studies, n = 1784; d = −0.33), processing speed (16 studies, n = 3076; d = −0.33), verbal memory (15 studies, n = 4,608; d = −0.28), and visual memory (6 studies, n = 1754; d = −0.26). Effect size was smallest for attention/concentration (14 studies, n = 23,143; d = −0.19). The following tests demonstrated the most notable performance decrements in diabetes samples: Grooved Pegboard (dominant hand) (d = −0.60), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate) (d = −0.40), Trails B (d = −0.39), Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure (delayed) (d = −0.38), Trails A (d = −0.34), and Stroop Part I (d = −0.28). This study provides effect sizes to power future epidemiological and clinical diabetes research studies examining cognitive function and to help inform the selection of neuropsychological tests. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–14)
Serial Block-Face Imaging and its Potential for Reconstructing Diminutive Cell Systems: A Case Study from Arthropods
Authors: Lipke Elisabeth , Hörnschemeyer Thomas , Pakzad Anahita , Booth Christopher R. , Michalik Peter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUntil recently, three-dimensional reconstruction on an ultrastructural level was only possible using serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM). However, ssTEM is highly challenging and prone to artifacts as, e.g., section loss and image distortions. New methods, such as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) overcome these limitations and promise a high lateral resolution. However, little is known about the usability of SBFSEM in diminutive, but highly complex cellular systems. We used spider sperm (~3 µm in diameter), which fulfills these conditions, to analyze the potential of SBFSEM compared with ssTEM. Our data suggest that the resolution obtained by SBFSEM allows depicting structures on a cellular level and is sufficient to discriminate subcellular components, but is highly dependent on previous staining procedures and electron density of the target structures.
Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the thyroid with concomitant papillary carcinoma
Authors: Hasan Shaakir , Turaka Aruna 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivePapillary thyroid carcinoma combined with thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is exceedingly rare and there is no standard management.Case reportWe report a rare association of MALT lymphoma of thyroid in a 60-year-old woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis along with an incidental focus of papillary carcinoma.ConclusionPatients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are prone to develop other thyroid pathology, including rare tumours such as MALT lymphoma. The differential diagnosis for a neoplasm in such patients should be wide.
Perspectives on the policy ‘black box’: a comparative case study of orthopaedics services in England
Authors: McLeod Hugh , Millar Ross , Goodwin Nick , Powell Martin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThere has been much recent debate on the impact of competition on the English National Health Service (NHS). However, studies have tended to view competition in isolation and are controversial. This study examines the impact of programme theories associated with the health system reforms, which sought to move from a dominant target-led ‘central control’ programme theory, to one based on ‘market forces’, on orthopaedics across six case-study local health economies. It draws on a realistic evaluation approach to open up the policy ‘black box’ across different contexts using a mixed methods approach: analysis of 152 interviews with key informants and analysis of waiting times and admissions. We find that the urban health economies were more successful in reaching the access targets than the rural health economies, although the gap in performance closed over time. Most interviewees were aware of the policies to increase choice and competition, but their role appeared comparatively weak. Local commissioners’ ability to influence demand appeared limited with providers’ incentives dominating service delivery. Looking forward, it is clear that the role of competition in the NHS has to be considered alongside, rather than in isolation from, other policy mechanisms.
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Personality Disorder Traits in Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Corral Carmen , Calvete Esther 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPersonality disorders (PDs) are highly prevalent among perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Schema Therapy proposes a number of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) that are involved in the development of PDs. This study examined the prevalence of PD traits in a sample of men who committed violence against their partners and the relationship between EMSs domains and PD traits. With this aim,a sample of 119 convicted men completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF; Young & Brown, 1994) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III; Millon, Millon, & Davis, 1994). The results showed that the most prevalent PD traits were narcissistic (24.6%), obsessive-compulsive (21.9%), and paranoid (17.5%). These PD traits were linked to several EMSs in ways consistent with the Schema Therapy model. Namely, narcissistic PD traits were positively associated with schemas of the impaired limits domain and were negatively associated with the other-directedness domain. The paranoid PD traits were associated with the disconnection and rejection domain and the impaired autonomy and performance domain. Finally, both borderline and antisocial PD traits were associated with the disconnection and rejection domain and the impaired limits domain. These findings suggest that the assessment and modification of EMSs should be a factor to consider for inclusion in the treatment programs for perpetrators of IPV in order to provide comprehensive intervention of this population.
Differential contributions of archaeal ammonia oxidizer ecotypes to nitrification in coastal surface waters
Authors: Smith Jason M , Casciotti Karen L , Chavez Francisco P , Francis Christopher A 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The occurrence of nitrification in the oceanic water column has implications extending from local effects on the structure and activity of phytoplankton communities to broader impacts on the speciation of nitrogenous nutrients and production of nitrous oxide. The ammonia-oxidizing archaea, responsible for carrying out the majority of nitrification in the sea, are present in the marine water column as two taxonomically distinct groups. Water column group A (WCA) organisms are detected at all depths, whereas Water column group B (WCB) are present primarily below the photic zone. An open question in marine biogeochemistry is whether the taxonomic definition of WCA and WCB organisms and their observed distributions correspond to distinct ecological and biogeochemical niches. We used the natural gradients in physicochemical and biological properties that upwelling establishes in surface waters to study their roles in nitrification, and how their activity—ascertained from quantification of ecotype-specific ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes and transcripts—varies in response to environmental fluctuations. Our results indicate a role for both ecotypes in nitrification in Monterey Bay surface waters. However, their respective contributions vary, due to their different sensitivities to surface water conditions. WCA organisms exhibited a remarkably consistent level of activity and their contribution to nitrification appears to be related to community size. WCB activity was less consistent and primarily constrained to colder, high nutrient and low chlorophyll waters. Overall, the results of our characterization yielded a strong, potentially predictive, relationship between archaeal amoA gene abundance and the rate of nitrification.
Microbial ecology of an Antarctic hypersaline lake: genomic assessment of ecophysiology among dominant haloarchaea
Authors: Williams Timothy J , Allen Michelle A , DeMaere Matthew Z , Kyrpides Nikos C , Tringe Susannah G , Woyke Tanja , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Deep Lake in Antarctica is a cold, hypersaline system where four types of haloarchaea representing distinct genera comprise &gt;70% of the lake community: strain tADL ∼44%, strain DL31 ∼18%, Halorubrum lacusprofundi ∼10% and strain DL1 ∼0.3%. By performing comparative genomics, growth substrate assays, and analyses of distribution by lake depth, size partitioning and lake nutrient composition, we were able to infer important metabolic traits and ecophysiological characteristics of the four Antarctic haloarchaea that contribute to their hierarchical persistence and coexistence in Deep Lake. tADL is characterized by a capacity for motility via flagella (archaella) and gas vesicles, a highly saccharolytic metabolism, a preference for glycerol, and photoheterotrophic growth. In contrast, DL31 has a metabolism specialized in processing proteins and peptides, and appears to prefer an association with particulate organic matter, while lacking the genomic potential for motility. H. lacusprofundi is the least specialized, displaying a genomic potential for the utilization of diverse organic substrates. The least abundant species, DL1, is characterized by a preference for catabolism of amino acids, and is the only one species that lacks genes needed for glycerol degradation. Despite the four haloarchaea being distributed throughout the water column, our analyses describe a range of distinctive features, including preferences for substrates that are indicative of ecological niche partitioning. The individual characteristics could be responsible for shaping the composition of the haloarchaeal community throughout the lake by enabling selection of ecotypes and maintaining sympatric speciation.
Invited Article: In situ comparison of passive radon-thoron discriminative monitors at subsurface workplaces in Hungary
Authors: Kávási Norbert , Vigh Tamás , Németh Csaba , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Omori Yasutaka , Janik Miroslaw , Yonehara Hidenori 
Published: February 2014

During a one-year long measurement period, radon and thoron data obtained by two different passive radon-thoron discriminative monitors were compared at subsurface workplaces in Hungary, such as mines (bauxite and manganese ore) and caves (medical and touristic). These workplaces have special environmental conditions, such as, stable and high relative humidity (100%), relatively stable temperature (12°C–21°C), low or high wind speed (max. 2.4 m s−1) and low or elevated aerosol concentration (130–60 000 particles m−3). The measured radon and thoron concentrations fluctuated in a wide range among the different workplaces. The respective annual average radon concentrations and their standard deviations (in brackets) measured by the passive radon-thoron discriminative monitor with cellulose filter (CF) and the passive radon-thoron discriminative monitor with sponge filter (SF) were: 350(321) Bq m−3 and 550(497) Bq m−3 in the bauxite mine; 887(604) Bq m−3 and 1258(788) Bq m−3 in the manganese ore mine; 2510(2341) Bq m−3 and 3403(3075) Bq m−3 in the medical cave (Hospital Cave of Tapolca); and 6239(2057) Bq m−3 and 8512(1955) Bq m−3 in the touristic cave (Lake Cave of Tapolca). The respective average thoron concentrations and their standard deviation (in brackets) measured by CF and SF monitors were: 154(210) Bq m−3 and 161(148) Bq m−3 in the bauxite mine; 187(191) Bq m−3 and 117(147) Bq m−3 in the manganese-ore mine; 360(524) Bq m−3 and 371(789) Bq m−3 in the medical cave (Hospital Cave of Tapolca); and 1420(1184) Bq m−3 and 1462(3655) Bq m−3 in the touristic cave (Lake Cave of Tapolca). Under these circumstances, comparison of the radon data for the SF and CF monitors showed the former were consistently 51% higher in the bauxite mine, 38% higher in the manganese ore mine, and 34% higher in the caves. Consequently, correction is required on previously obtained radon data acquired by CF monitors at subsurface workplaces to gain comparable data for SF monitors. In the case of thoron, the data were unreliable and no significant tendency was seen during the comparison therefore comparison of previously obtained thoron data acquired by either CF or SF is doubtful. There was probable influence by relative humidity on the detection response; however, the effects of the high wind speed and elevated aerosol concentration could not be excluded. The results of this study call attention to the importance of calibration under extreme environmental conditions and the need for using reliable radon-thoron monitors for subsurface workplaces.
Dicer-like 3 produces transposable element-associated 24-nt siRNAs that control agricultural traits in rice
Authors: Wei Liya , Gu Lianfeng , Song Xianwei , Cui Xiekui , Lu Zhike , Zhou Ming , Wang Lulu , Hu Fengyi , Zhai Jixian , Meyers Blake C. , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2014

Significance
The functional relationship of transposons and small RNAs remains an important question in the study of gene expression and its effect on agronomic traits. Here, we use deep sequencing of small RNAs to provide the first evidence that the rice Dicer-like 3 homolog OsDCL3a produces 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) predominantly associated with miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs). These 24-nt siRNAs target genes adjacent to MITEs and act as broadly functioning regulators of gene expression. In particular, OsDCL3a directly targets genes involved in homeostasis of the plant hormones gibberellin and brassinosteroid, thus controlling important agricultural traits. This mechanism of fine-tuning gene expression mediated by MITEs may be conserved in organisms with genomes rich in dispersed repeats or transposable elements.
The hierarchical nature of the spin alignment of dark matter haloes in filaments
Authors: Aragon-Calvo M. A. , Yang Lin Forrest 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Dark matter haloes in cosmological filaments and walls have (in average) their spin vector aligned with their host structure. While haloes in walls are aligned with the plane of the wall independently of their mass, haloes in filaments present a mass-dependent two-regime orientation. Here, we show that the transition mass determining the change in the alignment regime (from parallel to perpendicular) depends on the hierarchical level in which the halo is located, reflecting the hierarchical nature of the Cosmic Web. By explicitly exposing the hierarchical structure of the Cosmic Web, we are able to identify the contributions of different components of the filament network to the alignment signal. We propose a unifying picture of angular momentum acquisition that is based on the results presented here and previous results found by other authors.
In order to do a hierarchical characterization of the Cosmic Web, we introduce a new implementation of the multiscale morphology filter, the MMF-2, that significantly improves the identification of structures and explicitly describes their hierarchy.
Portugal
Authors: Costa-Gomes Rita 
Published: February 2014

Resulting from the Iberian Reconquest, the kingdom of Portugal has maintained its independence since the 12th century, except for a brief period of incorporation into the Spanish Habsburg composite monarchy between 1580 and 1640. Portuguese, already spoken in the kingdom by the mid-12th century, became the language used in royal official documents in the late 13th century. Portuguese society and Culture have been marked since the medieval period by the geographical position of the country on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Although the reconquest of the territory of Portugal was completed by 1250, the Portuguese maintained strong links with the various polities and cultures of the rest of Iberia. By means of Atlantic navigation, the relations with the Atlantic port cities of France, England, and Flanders as well as with the Mediterranean were also strengthened after the 13th century. Renaissance Portugal was shaped by the process of overseas expansion, beginning with the conquest of the North African city of Ceuta in 1415 and the colonization of the Atlantic islands of Madeira and the Azores in 1418–1420. After the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope by Bartolomeu Dias in 1487 and the voyage of Vasco da Gama, India became the point of departure for the establishment of a maritime empire in Asia. Brazil (first visited in 1500) gained importance with the arrival of the first governor in 1549 and the establishment of a network of sugar plantations on its coastal Atlantic regions. This article provides a guide to the scholarship on the history of Portugal between 1350 and 1600, the so-called “golden” or “classical” age of Portuguese culture epitomized by the poet Luís de Camões (d. 1580). The article focuses on peninsular Portugal. The reader should keep in mind, however, the profound influence of the imperial endeavor on the evolution of a kingdom that was home to between 1.5 million (1527–1532) and 2 million (1590s) inhabitants in Europe, but was also considered the homeland of as many as 350,000 Portuguese spread throughout the globe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The long duration of the Portuguese diasporas since the 1400s can be considered a defining trait of the history of the Portuguese nation.
Chris Marker
Authors: Jacobs Steven , Verdoodt Sofie 
Published: February 2014

Chris Marker is a pseudonym of Christian François Bouche-Villeneuve (b. 1921, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France–d. 2012, Paris, France), a French director, screenwriter, photographer, editor, writer, and multimedia artist. A major figure in the history of both experimental and documentary film, Marker turned out to be a mythic artist, who is always elusive about his past—even his place of birth is highly disputed (Ulan Bator, Mongolia, and Belleville, Paris compete with Neuilly-sur-Seine). In addition, Marker was known to refuse interviews and not allow photographs to be taken of him (though these claims are not entirely accurate). After studying philosophy prior to World War II, an involvement in the French Resistance during the German occupation, and having joined the United States Air Force as a paratrooper, Marker emerged as an intellectual, journalist, writer, and photographer in Paris in the 1940s. Already he showed a particular interest in filmmaking and he eventually made his debut as a filmmaker in 1952 with a documentary of the Helsinki Olympic Games. Soon after, he collaborated with Alain Resnais on Les Statues meurent aussi—both Marker and Resnais became key members (next to Agnès Varda, Jean Rouch, and Marguerite Duras) of the so-called Rive Gauche group. From the 1950s onward, Marker made seminal documentary essay films such as Dimanche à Pékin, Lettre de Sibérie, and Le Joli Mai. In 1962, he became known internationally for the short La Jetée (The Pier), which consists of still photographs. After his involvement in collective and radical filmmaking for SLON and ISKRA in the period 1967–1974, Marker made Sans Soleil, his best-known and most widely seen essay film that combines documentary and fiction. Already interested in the interactions between various media from the beginning of his career, Marker also developed into a leading video and multimedia artist beginning in the 1980s.