bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of the Arsenate-Respiring Bacterium Chrysiogenes arsenatis Strain DSM 11915
Authors: Coil David A. , Lo Jonathon R. , Chen Roger , Ward Naomi , Robb Frank T. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome sequence of
Chrysiogenes arsenatis
strain DSM 11915, only the second genome sequence from the phylum
Chrysiogenetes
. This strictly anaerobic organism was isolated from arsenic-contaminated gold mine wastewater and respires arsenate or nitrate instead of oxygen. The assembly contains 2,824,977 bp in 22 scaffolds.
Draft Genome Sequence of Sphingobium ummariense Strain RL-3, a Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Kohli Puneet , Dua Ankita , Sangwan Naseer , Oldach Phoebe , Khurana J. P. , Lal Rup 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading bacterium
Sphingobium ummariense
strain RL-3, which was isolated from the HCH dumpsite located in Lucknow, India (27°00′N and 81°09′E). The annotated draft genome sequence (4.75 Mb) of strain RL-3 consisted of 139 contigs, 4,645 coding sequences, and 65% G+C content.
Sensitivity of Climate Change Detection and Attribution to the Characterization of Internal Climate Variability
Authors: Imbers Jara , Lopez Ana , Huntingford Chris , Allen Myles 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) “very likely” statement that anthropogenic emissions are affecting climate is based on a statistical detection and attribution methodology that strongly depends on the characterization of internal climate variability. In this paper, the authors test the robustness of this statement in the case of global mean surface air temperature, under different representations of such variability. The contributions of the different natural and anthropogenic forcings to the global mean surface air temperature response are computed using a box diffusion model. Representations of internal climate variability are explored using simple stochastic models that nevertheless span a representative range of plausible temporal autocorrelation structures, including the short-memory first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] process and the long-memory fractionally differencing process. The authors find that, independently of the representation chosen, the greenhouse gas signal remains statistically significant under the detection model employed in this paper. The results support the robustness of the IPCC detection and attribution statement for global mean temperature change under different characterizations of internal variability, but they also suggest that a wider variety of robustness tests, other than simple comparisons of residual variance, should be performed when dealing with other climate variables and/or different spatial scales.
A Drag-Induced Barotropic Instability in Air–Sea Interaction
Authors: Moulin A. , Wirth A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A new mechanism that induces barotropic instability in the ocean is discussed. It is due to the air–sea interaction with a quadratic drag law and horizontal viscous dissipation in the atmosphere. The authors show that the instability spreads to the atmosphere. The preferred spatial scale of the instability is that of the oceanic baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation. It can only be represented in numerical models, when the dynamics at this scale is resolved in the atmosphere and ocean. The dynamics are studied using two superposed shallow water layers: one for the ocean and one for the atmosphere. The interaction is due to the shear between the two layers. The shear applied to the ocean is calculated using the velocity difference between the ocean and the atmosphere and the quadratic drag law. In one-way interaction, the shear applied to the atmosphere neglects the ocean dynamics; it is calculated using the atmospheric wind only. In two-way interaction, it is opposite to the shear applied to the ocean. In one-way interaction, the atmospheric shear leads to a barotropic instability in the ocean. The instability in the ocean is amplified, in amplitude and scale, in two-way interaction and also triggers an instability in the atmosphere.
Satellite Radiance Assimilation in the JMA Operational Mesoscale 4DVAR System
Authors: Kazumori Masahiro 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The direct radiance assimilation scheme used in the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) global analysis system is applied to the JMA mesoscale four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system with two modifications. First, the data-thinning distance is shortened, and, second, the atmospheric profiles are extrapolated from the mesoscale model top to the radiative transfer model top using the U.S. Standard Atmosphere lapse rate. Although the variational bias correction method is widely used in many numerical weather prediction centers for global radiance assimilations, a radiance bias correction method for regional models has not been established because of difficulties in estimating the biases within limited regions and times. This paper examined the use of the bias correction coefficients estimated in the global system for the mesoscale system when the radiance data were introduced instead of the retrievals. It was found that the profile extrapolation was necessary to reduce the biases. Moreover, the use of common bias coefficients enables the use of the radiance data in the same way as the global system. The radiance data assimilation experiments in the mesoscale system demonstrated considerable improvements to the tropospheric geopotential height forecasts and precipitation forecasts. The improvements resulted from the introduction of radiance data from multiple satellites into data-sparse regions and times. However, the major effect of the radiance assimilation on the precipitation forecasts was limited to weak precipitation areas over oceans; the effects on deep convective areas and over land were relatively small.
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum among school-aged children from the Man region, western Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Mara Sarah E , Silué Kigbafori D , Raso Giovanna , N’Guetta Simon P , N’Goran Eliézer K , Tanner Marcel , Utzinger Jürg , Ding Xavier C 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum allows the molecular discrimination of otherwise microscopically identical parasites and the identification of individual clones in multiple infections. The study reported here investigated the P. falciparum multiplicity of infection (MOI) and genetic diversity among school-aged children in the Man region, western Côte d’Ivoire.

Methods
Blood samples from 292 children aged seven to 15 years were collected in four nearby villages located at altitudes ranging from 340 to 883 m above sea level. Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films were prepared and examined under a microscope for P. falciparum prevalence and parasitaemia. MOI and genetic diversity of the parasite populations were investigated using msp2 typing by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results

Plasmodium falciparum prevalence and parasitaemia were both found to be significantly lower in the highest altitude village. Genotyping of the isolates revealed 25 potentially new msp2 alleles. MOI varied significantly across villages but did not correlate with altitude nor children’s age, and only to a limited extent with parasitaemia. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that a small, but close to statistical significance (p = 0.07), fraction of variance occurs specifically between villages of low and high altitudes.

Conclusions
Higher altitude was associated with lower prevalence of P. falciparum but not with reduced MOI, suggesting that, in this setting, MOI is not a good proxy for transmission. The evidence for partially parted parasite populations suggests the existence of local geographical barriers that should be taken into account when deploying anti-malarial interventions.
Asymmetric segregation of template DNA strands in basal-like human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Liu Wenyu , Jeganathan Gajan , Amiri Sohrab , Morgan Katherine M , Ryan Bríd M , Pine Sharon R 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background and methods
Stem or progenitor cells from healthy tissues have the capacity to co-segregate their template DNA strands during mitosis. Here, we set out to test whether breast cancer cell lines also possess the ability to asymmetrically segregate their template DNA strands via non-random chromosome co-segregation, and whether this ability correlates with certain properties attributed to breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). We quantified the frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA strands in 12 human breast cancer cell lines, and correlated the frequency to molecular subtype, CD44+/CD24-/lo phenotype, and invasion/migration ability. We tested if co-culture with human mesenchymal stem cells, which are known to increase self-renewal, can alter the frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA in breast cancer.

Results
We found a positive correlation between asymmetric segregation of template DNA and the breast cancer basal-like and claudin-low subtypes. There was an inverse correlation between asymmetric segregation of template DNA and Her2 expression. Breast cancer samples with evidence of asymmetric segregation of template DNA had significantly increased invasion and borderline significantly increased migration abilities. Samples with high CD44+/CD24-/lo surface expression were more likely to harbor a consistent population of cells that asymmetrically segregated its template DNA; however, symmetric self-renewal was enriched in the CD44+/CD24-/lo population. Co-culturing breast cancer cells with human mesenchymal stem cells expanded the breast CSC pool and decreased the frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA.

Conclusions
Breast cancer cells within the basal-like subtype can asymmetrically segregate their template DNA strands through non-random chromosome segregation. The frequency of asymmetric segregation of template DNA can be modulated by external factors that influence expansion or self-renewal of CSC populations. Future studies to uncover the underlying mechanisms driving asymmetric segregation of template DNA and dictating cell fate at the time of cell division may explain how CSCs are maintained in tumors.
Total knee arthroplasty treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with severe versus moderate flexion contracture
Authors: Yan Denglu , Yang Jing , Pei Fuxing 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to explore the technique of soft tissue balance and joint tension maintenance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with flexion contracture of the knee.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed flexion contracture deformity of RA patients who underwent primary TKA and ligament and soft tissue balancing. Based on the flexion contracture deformity, the remaining 76 patients available for analysis were divided into two groups, i.e., severe flexion group (SF) and moderate flexion group (MF).ResultsThere were no intraoperative complications in this study. All patients had improved Knee Society Rating System scores and range of motion. The flexion contracture was completely corrected in MF and SF patients. There were no cases of patellar dislocation, but three cases had mild mediolateral instability in severe flexion group. Four knees (two knees in SF versus two knees in MF) had transient peroneal nerve palsy but recovered after conservative therapy.ConclusionsTKA can be performed successfully in the RA knees with severe flexion contracture. It is very important in TKA to maintain the joint stability in the condition of severe flexion contracture deformity of the RA knee.
Effects of health on changing labor force participation in Pakistan
Authors: Mushtaq Ayesha , Mohsin Asma , Zaman Khalid 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe objective of the study investigates the effects of health on changing labor force participation during Pakistan’s economic transition in the 1980s, a period of several economic liberalization and international integration on the health and financial sectors. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration technique to estimate the short- and long-run elasticities, while the Wald coefficient restrictions tests was used to determine the dynamic short-run causality between the variables over a period of 1975–2011. The study was limited to a few variables, including age dependency, health expenditures, trade openness, population per bed, life expectancy, gross capital formation, mortality rate, secondary school enrolment and labor force participation rate, in order to manage robust data analysis. The results suggest that infant mortality rate (IMR), gross capital formation (GCF) and secondary school enrolment (SSE) decrease the labor force participation rate in the long-run, as if there is one percent increase IMR, GCF and SSE, labor force participation decreases by 0.653 percent, 0.137 percent and 0.220 percent respectively, however, these results invert the relationship in short-run. The study also finds that health expenditures has positive and significant impact on labor force participation rate in the short-run, but this result disappear in the long-run. Trade liberalization has a positive effect in the short run, while a negative effect is observed in the long run upon labor force participation rate of Pakistan. The study confirms that Pakistan did not enjoy substantial growth benefits related to health care because human capital (secondary school enrolment), trade openness, public investment and infant mortality rate have a negative impact on labor force participation rate. These findings have important policy implications.Jel codesH51, I21, J21.
IgA+ plasma cells in murine intestinal lamina propria as a positive regulator of Treg differentiation
Authors: Kim Myun Soo , Kim Tae Sung 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTContinuous exposure to commensal bacteria gives rise to a complex intestinal immune system that maintains local tolerance, which requires Foxp3-expressing Treg. Recently, the regulation of TFH function by plasma cells has been reported, but effects of intestinal LP-PCs, one of the richest plasma cells in the body, on T cell differentiation have not been studied. Here, we investigated whether IgA+ LP-PCs from murine small intestines had effects on T cell differentiation. Surprisingly, when IgA+ LP-PCs were cocultured with CD4+ T cells, Foxp3 expression was increased significantly in CD4+CD25− T cells. Results using the Transwell coculture system revealed that soluble factors from LP-PCs, TGF-β, and RA were involved in the induction of Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, Foxp3+CD25− T cells were decreased in PP after intestinal depletion of plasma cells. In addition, intestinal colony transfer from SPF to germ-free mice was demonstrated to generate IgA+ LP-PCs and Foxp3+ T cells with meaningful correlation in LP. We report for the first time that IgA+ LP-PCs induce Foxp3 expression in T cells through TGF-β and RA. LP-PCs generated by commensal bacteria may play a crucial role in intestinal immunity through the induction of Treg, as well as IgA production.
Postcolonial ecocriticism, island tourism and a geopoetics of the beach
Authors: Poddar Namrata 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Over last two decades, the oceanic world has expanded considerably the scale of literary studies and challenged the field’s landlocked notions of national, ethnic or cultural belonging. Much ink has been spilled on the creolizing potential of sites like islands, archipelagoes, ships and ports as they redefine the cartography of postcolonial studies. More recent scholarship on both American and postcolonial ecocriticism have also accredited tropical islands with pioneering debates on environmentalism, sustainability and conservation concerns, even if the former have espoused a predominantly terracentric focus. Developing some of the current concerns in literary, postcolonial and ecocritical studies and interweaving them with maritime, island, tourism and animal studies, this article endeavours a close reading of three francophone novels from the Indian Ocean region: Ananda Devi’s La Vie de Joséphin le fou (2003), Amal Sewtohul’s Histoire d’Ashok et d’autres personnages de moindre importance (2001) and Nathacha Appanah’s Blue Bay Palace (2004). In focusing on one of the most iconic, consumed and globalized sites of islands cultures – the beach – , this article explores the ways in which Mauritian fiction’s articulation of place plays with various intertextual sources, voices and scales to offer fresh possibilities to the field of postcolonial francophone ecocriticism.
Ces vingt dernières années, le monde maritime a considérablement étendu le champ de sa contribution aux études littéraires, rejetant notamment les notions territoriales d’appartenance nationale, ethnique ou culturelle. Beaucoup d’encre a coulé sur le potentiel créolisateur de lieux tels que les îles, les archipels, les bateaux et les ports, lieux qui tracent déjà une nouvelle cartographie des études postcoloniales. Malgré une orientation plus ‘terrestro-centrée’, les recherches produites plus récemment dans le domaine de l’écocritique américaine ou postcoloniale ont également mis en valeur le rôle précurseur des îles tropicales dans les débats sur l’environnement, la durabilité et la conservation de la nature. A travers l’observation de thèmes majeurs dans les domaines littéraires, postcoloniaux et écocritiques, et leur confrontation aux études animales, maritimes, insulaires et touristiques, cet article propose une lecture détaillée de trois romans francophones de l’océan Indien: La Vie de Joséphin le fou (2003) d’Ananda Devi, Histoire d’Ashok et d’autres personnages de moindre importance (2001) d’Amal Sewtohul et Blue Bay Palace (2004) de Nathacha Appanah. Examinant en particulier la plage, un des sites les plus emblématiques, consommés et globalisés des cultures insulaires, cette étude explore les divers procédés par le biais desquels la fiction mauricienne parvient à donner un sens au lieu, par des entrelacs d’échos intertextuels, de voix et d’échelles spatiales, signalant par là de nouveaux enjeux pour l’écocritique postcoloniale (et) francophone.
University students’ point of views to facilitators and barriers to sexual and reproductive health services
Authors: Abedian Kobra , Shahhosseini Zohreh 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Aim: The right to health is a universal human right, and this includes sexual and reproductive health services. The aim of this study is to explore the opinions of Iranian university students toward facilitators and barriers to sexual and reproductive health services.
Materials and methods: In 2012, a random sample of 548 university students completed anonymous, self-administered questionnaires. Topics covered the participants’ attitudes towards facilitators and barriers to sexual and reproductive health services in personal, interpersonal, and structural domains.
Results: Mean age of participants was 21.57 years and 57.82% were female. The maximum score of facilitators and barriers to sexual and reproductive health services was related to “Young people’s participation in sexual and reproductive health services provision” and “Fear of stigmatization”, respectively. The results showed that among female university students, the mean score of personal and structural facilitators was significantly higher than the mean score of interpersonal ones (F=12.23, p<0.001). This difference was also reported in barrier factors (F=5.51, p=0.004).
Conclusion: Results highlight the roles of policy makers and health service providers in improving accessibility to provided services for young people through the enforcement of facilitators and reduction of barriers, particularly in the areas of personal and structural facilitators focusing on female services.
A comprehensive review of mental health gatekeeper-trainings for adolescents and young adults
Authors: Lipson Sarah Ketchen 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Mental disorders account for a larger burden of disease among adolescents and young adults than any other class of health conditions, and most of these disorders are untreated. Gatekeeper-trainings represent a potentially powerful mechanism for increasing access to treatment. This article is a comprehensive review of 21 gatekeepertraining studies conducted in schools and other youth settings around the world. Despite the widespread use of these programs, little is known about how they actually affect the abilities and actions of trained gatekeepers and the subsequent help-seeking behaviors of adolescents and young adults. Certain outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy) have been commonly measured whereas others (behaviors, skills, and population-level outcomes) have rarely been assessed. The studies reviewed here also suggest that positive training effects often diminish over time. The article identifies opportunities for advancing gatekeeper-training research and practice.
Prokofiev and the Myth of the Father of Nations
Authors: Orlov Vladimir 
Published: November 2013

Prokofiev’s cantata Zdravitsa (1939) was appreciated by Soviet officialdom immediately upon its premiere, and its fame lasted throughout subsequent decades. In post-Stalin times, however, critics re-evaluated the cantata, arguing that Zdravitsa had not been written as pro-Stalinist propaganda. Eventually, the idea that it was not Stalin but “the people” whom Prokofiev actually glorified in this cantata became the accepted interpretation of the piece, unchallenged even today.
Based on insights drawn from the musical and literary sources of Zdravitsa, its relationship to the pseudo-folk Soviet tradition, and its critical reception, the present article proposes a revised framework for interpretation. I show that Prokofiev’s cantata fully corresponds to the Stalinist cultural Myth of the Father of Nations, as represented in Soviet arts and media. Examining archival sources and scholarly literature, I describe the official demands on the cantata. In the second part of the essay I undertake a thorough exploration of the music, identifying its adherence to Socialist Realist aesthetics in Stalin’s times.
An Assay to DetectIn VivoY Chromosome Loss inDrosophilaWing Disc Cells
Authors: Szabad Janos , Bellen Hugo J , Venken Koen J T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLoss of the Y chromosome in Drosophila has no impact on cell viability and therefore allows us to assay the impact of environmental agents and genetic alterations on chromosomal loss. To detect in vivo chromosome loss in cells of the developing Drosophila wing primordia, we first engineered a Y chromosome with an attP docking site. By making use of the ΦC31 integrase system, we site-specifically integrated a genomic transgene encompassing the multiple wing hair (mwh) locus into this attP site, leading to a mwh+Y chromosome. This chromosome fully rescues the mwh mutant phenotype, an excellent recessive wing cell marker mutation. Loss of this mwh+Y chromosome in wing primordial cells then leads to manifestation of the mwh mutant phenotype in mwh-homozygous cells. The forming mwh clones permit us to quantify the effect of agents and genetic alterations by assaying frequency and size of the mwh mosaic spots. To illustrate the use of the mwh+Y loss system, the effects of four known mutagens (X-rays, colchicine, ethyl methanesulfonate, and formaldehyde) and two genetic conditions (loss- and gain-of-function lodestar mutant alleles) are documented. The procedure is simple, sensitive, and inexpensive.