bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of pepper germplasm to Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Gisbert C. , Trujillo‐Moya C. , Sánchez‐Torres P. , Sifres A. , Sánchez‐Castro E. , Nuez F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work, we have evaluated the host suitability of 29 pepper genotypes of Capsicum annuum and 9 of the related cultivated species C. chinense (4), C. frutescens (4) and C. pubescens (1) to Meloidogyne incognita in field conditions. The presence/absence of resistance genes in the pepper germplasm were also assessed using PCR‐specific markers linked to the N, Me1‐Mech2, Me3‐Me4 and Me7‐Mech1 genes. Intraspecific variability for M. incognita resistance was found. According to gall index (GI) and reproduction index (RI) the most resistant genotypes, which may contribute to nematode management, include three of C. frutescens (Fru‐2, Fru‐3 and Fru‐4) and seven of C. annuum (Ca‐3, Ca‐4, Ca‐5, Ca‐11, Ca‐15, Ca‐24 and Ca‐25). No egg masses or eggs were found in Fru‐3 and Fru‐4 genotypes as occurred in the resistant controls ‘SCM’, ‘CH’ and ‘Charlot’. The amplification of markers linked to resistance genes in genotypes with a suitable degree of resistance, together with the differences found between genotypes with regard to the gene and/or number of amplified markers, make this germplasm a valuable tool for further characterisation and pepper breeding.
Nest site selection by the endangered black robin increases vulnerability to predation by an invasive bird
Authors: Massaro M. , Stanbury M. , Briskie J. V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFew studies have investigated the impacts of established invasive birds on the native threatened avifauna. However, measuring the levels of mortality in native birds from exotic birds can help with management decisions on whether or not such introduced species need to be controlled. The black robin Petroica traversi is an endangered bird endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. Black robins build cup‐like nests either within tree cavities (‘cavity’ nests) or in the sub‐canopy vegetation (‘open’ nests). Nest predation, most likely by the invasive European starling Sturnus vulgaris, was the largest cause of nest failure in the main population of the black robin on Rangatira Island. Nest predation rate over five breeding seasons was 20.6% in comparison with 7.74% of nests failing because of severe weather events (the second largest cause for nest failure). Cavity nests experienced a significantly higher rate of predation (36.33%) than open nests (10.82%). The greater frequency of open nests (63.5% out of 244 nests monitored) may be a result of higher selection pressure by starlings on cavity nests. Nest height also influenced predation, with predation risk increasing from 4.88% for nests below 1 m to 31.89% for nests above 3 m. Overall, predation on black robin nests decreased chick production in the population by 15.6% annually. For a population of only 220–240 birds, this loss may be limiting continued population growth and we recommend that efforts be made to reduce predation through either the culling of starlings or the installation of nest boxes at the low heights avoided by starlings.
Cancer in Māori: lessons from prostate, colorectal and gastric cancer and progress in hereditary stomach cancer in New Zealand
Authors: Blair Vanessa , Kahokehr Arman , Sammour Tarik 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPersisting ethnic disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes exist between Māori and non‐Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand. It is difficult to disentangle the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to the variation in cancer statistics between these two groups. In Māori, the sites of highest cancer incidence are the prostate in men, breast in women and lung in both – the next most common cancers in Māori are colorectal and stomach cancer. This paper discusses colorectal, prostate and stomach cancer in Māori to illustrate selected issues that impact on cancer care. Colorectal cancer is discussed to illustrate the importance of accurate cancer statistics to focus management strategies. Prostate cancer in Māori is reviewed – an area where cultural factors impact on care delivery. Sporadic stomach cancer in New Zealand is used to show how sub‐classification of different types of cancer can be important and illustrate the breadth of putative causal factors. Then follows an overview of developments in hereditary gastric cancer in New Zealand in the last 15 years, showing how successful clinical and research partnerships can improve patient outcomes. One example is the Kimi Hauora Clinic, which provides support to cancer patients, mutation carriers and their families, helping them navigate the interface with the many health‐care professionals involved in the multidisciplinary care of cancer patients in the 21st century.
Grassland afforestation impact on primary productivity: a remote sensing approach
Authors: Vassallo M. Mercedes , Dieguez Hernán D. , Garbulsky Martín F. , Jobbágy Esteban G. , Paruelo José M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuestionHow is the magnitude and seasonality of carbon uptake affected by the replacement of native grasslands by eucalyptus plantations?LocationRío de la Plata Grasslands in Argentina and Uruguay.MethodsA total of 115 paired sites of fast‐growingEucalyptus grandisplantations and adjacent grasslands were used to characterize the magnitude and seasonality of (1) radiation interception by canopies and (2) above‐ground net primary productivity based on a time series ofMODIS‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The response ofNDVIto precipitation was explored across temporal scales.ResultsNDVIin afforested vs. grassland plots presented higher annual averages (1.3‐fold), lower seasonal ranges (average relative range of 0.11 vs. 0.29) and delayed growing seasons (2‐month shift). Temporally,NDVIwas positively associated with precipitation input, showing a correlation with longer periods of precipitation accumulation in tree plantations compared to grasslands (> 7 vs. 2–3 months). Estimated average annual above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) almost quadrupled as a consequence of replacing grasslands by tree plantations (∼4 vs. ∼17 Mg dry matter. ha−1·yr−1), and this difference was evidenced throughout the whole study period.ConclusionsAfforested grasslands intercept more radiation and have higher and more stableANPPthroughout the year, probably as a result of major changes in leaf phenology and root distribution patterns, which in turn allowed better access to water. Changes in carbon uptake can influence climate/biosphere feedbacks and should be considered in land‐use planning, especially when grassland afforestation is recommended as a tool to mitigate global warming.
Intestinal morphology assessments of rats fed phytic acid extract from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and IP6
Authors: Dilworth Lowell , Gardner Michael , Asemota Helen , Omoruyi Felix 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and aimZinc deficiency due to low intake or unavailability by bioactive compounds may lead to morphological changes in the intestines resulting in disruptions in gut function. This study aims to assess effects of phytic acid on gut morphology of rats.MethodsDiets supplemented with sweet potato phytate extract were fed to Wistar rats in zinc‐deficient and zinc‐sufficient states for 4 weeks. Similar test animals also had diets supplemented with the commercially available sodium phytate salt (IP6) for comparison. At the end of the feeding period, body weights, feed intake and markers of intestinal function were assessed.ResultsAcute zinc deficiency adversely affected the glycocalyx, goblet and Paneth cells within the small intestine. This may eventually lead to compromisation of the gut's immune system and further reductions in its metabolic and absorptive capacity. This was further aggravated by sweet potato phytate extract consumption. IP6 supplementation on the other hand, increased surface amplification in the jejunum resulting in increased gut transit time and more efficient absorption of nutrients.ConclusionsTo minimize compromisation of the gut's immune, absorptive and metabolic functions, adequate zinc supplementation is necessary especially if foods rich in phytates are included in the diet. Supplementation of the diet with IP6 seems to offset some of these effects with maximum benefits observed if the diet is properly supplemented with essential minerals.
Primary adrenal Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the elderly, mimicking pseudocyst
Authors: Nam Soo Jeong , Choe Ji‐Young , Go Heounjeong , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Paik Jin Ho 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPrimary adrenal lymphoma is rare, but clinically important. We report a unique case of adrenal lymphoma which showed extensive cystic change mimicking a pseudocyst. Seventy‐three‐year‐old man visited our hospital for healthcare check‐up, and was found to have a large adrenal cystic mass. He was received adrenalectomy on the impression of an adrenal pseudocyst. On gross examination, the mass was a unilocular cyst with no solid mass formation. Microscopically, the cyst wall had no epithelial lining, but was infiltrated by some atypical large lymphoid tumor cells. The cystic space was filled with coagulative necrotic material with the tumor cell shadow. The most of the tumor cells expressed leukocyte common antigen, CD20, PAX5, Ki‐67, and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded RNA, which was consistent with EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the elderly. No extra‐adrenal involvement was observed in imaging studies. We concluded that primary adrenal lymphoma should be considered as a rare but important cause of adrenal cysts.
Usefulness of anti‐phosphohistone H3 immunoreactivity to determine mitotic rate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Kim Ahrong , Im Dong Han , Kim Kyungbin , Kim Jee Yeon , Sol Mee Young , Lee Jeong Hee , Choi Kyung Un 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and aimThe biologic behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is a topic of continuing controversy. The assessment of accurate mitotic figures is known to be one of the major indicators for patients with GIST. However, it is not always easy to search for mitotic figures (MFs) and count them accurately on hematoxylin and eosin stained (H&E) slides.MethodsIn this study, phopho‐histone H3 (PHH3), which is a recently described specific mitosis marker, was immunohistochemically examined and compared to the mitotic count on H&E sections (H&E‐MI) and Ki‐67 expression (Ki‐67 PI). A hundred cases of histologically confirmed GISTs were reviewed based on counting MF on H&E slides. PHH3 positive MFs (PHH3‐MI) were counted in the same way, and the Ki‐67 PI was calculated for each case.ResultsA strong correlation was found between PHH3‐MI and H&E‐MI. Recurrence‐free survival was correlated with risk category by National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria (P = 0.017), mucosal invasion (P = 0.005), H&E‐MI (P = 0.002), Ki‐67 PI (P = 0.005), and PHH3‐MI (P = 0.000). None of these factors was an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsAmong GISTs, PHH3 staining was primarily found to support grading by facilitating mitotic counting, and it might have a prognostic value in GISTs.
A Framework to Link International Clinical Research to the Promotion of Justice in Global Health
Authors: Pratt Bridget , Loff Bebe 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHow international research might contribute to justice in global health has not been substantively addressed by bioethics. Theories of justice from political philosophy establish obligations for parties from high‐income countries owed to parties from low and middle‐income countries. We have developed a new framework that is based on Jennifer Ruger's health capability paradigm to strengthen the link between international clinical research and justice in global health. The ‘research for health justice’ framework provides direction on three aspects of international clinical research: the research target, research capacity strengthening, and post‐trial benefits. It identifies the obligations of justice owed by national governments, research funders, research sponsors, and investigators to trial participants and host communities. These obligations vary from those currently articulated in international research ethics guidelines. Ethical requirements of a different kind are needed if international clinical research is to advance global health equity.
Longitudinal Relations Among Language Skills, Anger Expression, and Regulatory Strategies in Early Childhood
Authors: Roben Caroline K. P. , Cole Pamela M. , Armstrong Laura Marie 
Published: December 2012

Researchers have suggested that as children's language skill develops in early childhood, it comes to help children regulate their emotions (Cole, Armstrong, & Pemberton, 2010; Kopp, 1989), but the pathways by which this occurs have not been studied empirically. In a longitudinal study of 120 children from 18 to 48 months of age, associations among child language skill, observed anger expression, and regulatory strategies during a delay task were examined. Toddlers with better language skill, and whose language skill increased more over time, appeared less angry at 48 months and their anger declined more over time. Two regulatory strategies, support seeking and distraction, explained a portion of the variance in the association between language skill and anger expression after toddlerhood.
Predictors of the effects of 4 years of growth hormone replacement on bone mineral density in patients with adult‐onset growth hormone deficiency – a KIMS database analysis
Authors: Tritos Nicholas A. , Hamrahian Amir H. , King Donna , Greenspan Susan L. , Cook David M. , Jönsson Peter J. , Koltowska‐Häggstrom Maria , Biller Beverly M.K. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryObjectiveGrowth hormone (GH) replacement may increase bone mineral density (BMD) in GH‐deficient (GHD) adults. The goal of this study was to identify predictors of BMD response to GH replacement in GH naïve adults.Design and measurementsThis was a retrospective analysis of data extracted from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database), an international pharmacoepidemiological survey of adult GHD patients from 31 countries.PatientsA total of 231 GH naive adults were identified (115 women and 116 men) who had BMD measured on the same densitometer in the lumbar spine (LS) and/or femoral neck (FN) both at baseline and after 4 years of GH replacement.ResultsAfter 4 years, there was a median (10th, 90th percentile) 4·6% (−5·2%, 12·2%) increase in LS BMD over baseline (P = 0·0001). There was a positive correlation between per cent change in LS BMD and age at the onset of pituitary disease (r = 0·25, P = 0·001). There was no change in FN BMD over baseline [0·0% (−7·3%, 8·5%)]. On multivariate analysis, older age at the onset of pituitary disease predicted a greater increase in LS BMD on GH replacement (r = 0·55, P < 0·0001).ConclusionsIn a population of GH naïve adults, GH replacement led to a significant increase in LS BMD over baseline, but no change in FN BMD. The potential for greater BMD improvement on GH replacement therapy in adults with disease of later onset should be considered when making treatment decisions in this patient population.
The effect of opposing structures, natural teeth vs. implants on crestal bone levels surrounding single‐tooth implants
Authors: Urdaneta Rainier A. , Leary Joseph , Panetta Kimberly M. , Chuang Sung‐Kiang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of opposing structures in crestal bone levels around single‐tooth implants.Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study design was conducted. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multifactor mixed‐effects regression models, adjusted for multiple implants in the same patient were utilized to evaluate the effect of opposing structures in crestal bone levels after insertion of single‐tooth replacements.ResultsEighty‐one subjects who received 320 Bicon implants were included in the present study. Two hundred and thirty‐one implant restorations were opposing natural teeth, 75 implants were opposing implant‐supported restorations, 10 implants had no opposing structure and four implants were opposed by a complete denture. The average change in crestal bone levels overtime (AvBL) on implants opposing natural teeth and implant‐supported restorations was −0.20 and −0.62 mm, respectively. Hydroxyapatite‐coated (HA) mandibular implants opposing natural teeth demonstrated AvBL of +0.01 (indicating bone gain), whereas titanium‐plasma sprayed (TPS)‐coated mandibular implants opposing implants restored with composite abutment bases demonstrated AvBL of −1.95 mm. When the structure opposing an HA‐coated mandibular implant was a natural tooth, it was a predictor of peri‐implant bone gain (P = 0.007). While TPS‐coated mandibular implants, which had been restored with composite abutment bases, were correlated with peri‐implant bone loss when opposed by implant‐supported restorations (P = 0.003).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the type of opposing structure plays a significant role in mandibular crestal bone levels surrounding single‐tooth implants following crown insertion but this effect differ around implants with dissimilar surface coatings and can be exacerbated by local irritating factors.
Analysis of microtubule and microfilament distribution in Pinus sylvestris roots following infection by Heterobasidion species
Authors: Zadworny M. , Guzicka M. , Łakomy P. , Samardakiewicz S. , Smoliński D. J. , Mucha J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryCytoskeletal dynamics play a crucial role in pathogen recognition and cell defence during the initial interactions between an invader and plant host. The aim of the work reported here was to characterize how Heterobasidion annosum s.s., Heterobasidion parviporum, and Heterobasidion abietinum affect the microtubules and microfilaments of Pinus sylvestris root cells 12‐, 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h post‐inoculation. Inoculation of P. sylvestris with H. parviporum or H. abietinum, which have a lower specificity for P. sylvestris than H. annosum s.s, resulted in greater reorganization of host microtubules during the early stages of interaction than inoculation with the more specific H. annosum s.s. In some infected cells, spots of actin aggregates were observed. Disruption of cytoskeletal components by the application of specific cytoskeletal inhibitors facilitated the entry of the H. parviporum and H. abietinum into roots. These results suggest that the P. sylvestris cytoskeleton plays a role in the host response in the initial stages of the host–pathogen interaction.
Site‐specific effects of mental practice combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on motor learning
Authors: Foerster Águida , Rocha Sérgio , Wiesiolek Carine , Chagas Anna Paula , Machado Giselle , Silva Evelyn , Fregni Felipe , Monte‐Silva Katia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMental practice can induce significant neural plasticity and result in motor performance improvement if associated with motor imagery tasks. Given the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neuroplasticity, the current study tested whether tDCS, using different electrode montages, can increase the neuroplastic effects of mental imagery on motor learning. Eighteen healthy right‐handed adults underwent a randomised sham‐controlled crossover experiment to receive mental training combined with either sham or active anodal tDCS of the right primary motor cortex (M1), right supplementary motor area, right premotor area, right cerebellum or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Motor performance was assessed by a blinded rater using: non‐dominant handwriting time and legibility, and mentally trained task at baseline (pre) and immediately after (post) mental practice combined with tDCS. Active tDCS significantly enhances the motor‐imagery‐induced improvement in motor function as compared with sham tDCS. There was a specific effect for the site of stimulation such that effects were only observed after M1 and DLPFC stimulation during mental practice. These findings provide new insights into motor imagery training and point out that two cortical targets (M1 and DLPFC) are significantly associated with the neuroplastic effects of mental imagery on motor learning. Further studies should explore a similar paradigm in patients with brain lesions.
Unimodal size scaling of phytoplankton growth and the size dependence of nutrient uptake and use
Authors: Marañón Emilio , Cermeño Pedro , López‐Sandoval Daffne C. , Rodríguez‐Ramos Tamara , Sobrino Cristina , Huete‐Ortega María , Blanco José María , Rodríguez Jaime 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPhytoplankton size structure is key for the ecology and biogeochemistry of pelagic ecosystems, but the relationship between cell size and maximum growth rate (μmax) is not yet well understood. We used cultures of 22 species of marine phytoplankton from five phyla, ranging from 0.1 to 106 μm3 in cell volume (Vcell), to determine experimentally the size dependence of growth, metabolic rate, elemental stoichiometry and nutrient uptake. We show that both μmax and carbon‐specific photosynthesis peak at intermediate cell sizes. Maximum nitrogen uptake rate (VmaxN) scales isometrically with Vcell, whereas nitrogen minimum quota scales as Vcell0.84. Large cells thus possess high ability to take up nitrogen, relative to their requirements, and large storage capacity, but their growth is limited by the conversion of nutrients into biomass. Small species show similar volume‐specific VmaxN compared to their larger counterparts, but have higher nitrogen requirements. We suggest that the unimodal size scaling of phytoplankton growth arises from taxon‐independent, size‐related constraints in nutrient uptake, requirement and assimilation.
The effects of hemodialysis treatment on the level of DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA lesions measured by the comet assay
Authors: Ersson Clara , Odar‐Cederlöf Ingegerd , Fehrman‐Ekholm Ingela , Möller Lennart 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHemodialysis patients have a higher risk for oxidative stress‐related complications, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The increased level of oxidative stress is due to several factors, e.g., the hemodialysis treatment itself and the uremic state. In the present study, the effects of dialysis treatment on the level of DNA breaks and oxidative DNA lesions in mononuclear cells were measured with the comet assay. Factors possibly affecting DNA damage (reported as % DNA in tail) such as the duration of dialysis, time since last dialysis session, years of dialysis treatment, nutritional status (measured as protein catabolic rate), age, and diabetes were also investigated. The levels of DNA breaks (13.6 ± 4.7 before dialysis) and oxidative DNA lesions (7.9 ± 4.8 before dialysis) were significantly higher in dialysis patients (n = 31) compared to the levels of DNA breaks (5.8 ± 1.1) and oxidative DNA lesions (3.4 ± 1.7) in 10 healthy controls (P < 0.001). A decrease of DNA breaks was observed after dialysis (P = 0.038), and the level of oxidative DNA lesions was higher when the time between two treatment sessions were 68 hours compared to 44 hours (P < 0.001). Older subjects had a higher level of DNA breaks (P = 0.003), a good nutritional status predicted a lower level of DNA breaks (P < 0.001), and the duration of the dialysis session was inversely correlated with oxidative DNA lesions (P = 0.014). Diabetes or years of dialysis treatment did not affect DNA damage. The observations in the present study suggest that accumulation of uremic toxins induce DNA damage. The hemodialysis treatment seems to change the DNA damage.