bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and Early Retirement Decisions†
Authors: Holtzman Joseph M. , Berman Harry , Ham Richard 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTHealth and economic considerations have consistently played important roles in retirement decisions. Increases in early retirement benefits by some employers have increased the incentive to retire early, thus inducing a change in the health and economic relationships. During the three months following implementation by a large manufacturing firm of a labor contract which included substantial improvement in early retirement benefits, structured interviews were conducted with 45 employees who had chosen early retirement and 35 eligible employees who had chosen to continue working. Data are presented on the relationship between health and retirement decisions, and on the differences between early retirees and non‐retirees in regard to perceived health status, job satisfaction, potential for continued employment, leisure involvement, and morale. Implications for the primary care physician's interactions with workers who face early retirement are discussed.
Impact of Mental Disorders upon Elderly American Indians as Reflected in Visits to Ambulatory Care Facilities†
Authors: Rhoades Everett R. , Marshall Melody , Attneave Carolyn , Echohawk Marlene , Bjork John , Beiser Morton 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to assess the impact of mental health problems among elderly American Indians, a study was conducted on the utilization patterns of ambulatory care facilities by various age groups of Indians. Since most health care of Indians is rendered by the Indian Health Service (IHS), data obtained from IHS computer centers provided a reasonable index of disease patterns. Because the elderly have constituted such a small fraction of the Indian population, they have not heretofore received significant attention. However, their problems are rapidly increasing. By adjusting the frequency of visits according to population, an estimate of visit “rates” was made. These rates showed one visit for every 10 persons in the 0–44 age group, one for every 5 persons in the 45–54 age group, but only one visit for every 25 persons in the 65+ age group. Most of the visits by older Indians concerned “social” problems rather than “mental” disorders as such. These data provide information that should prove especially helpful in the design of social and health programs for elderly Indians.
Use of Chlorophyllin in the Care of Geriatric Patients
Authors: Young Richard W. , Beregi Joseph S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn a test group of 62 geriatric nursing home patients, the administration of chlorophyllin tablets was found to be helpful in controlling body and fecal odors. It aided also in easing chronic constipation, served at times as a useful and morale‐building placebo, and assisted in abating excessive flatus. No toxic or other ill effects were observed. Bacteriologic studies failed to confirm reports in the literature of antibacterial properties for chlorophyllin. Further investigation of this possibility is recommended.
Diplopia in the Aged: Etiology and Management
Authors: Cinotti A. , Stephens E. , Wilcox L. , Stephens G. M. , Caputo A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA description of diplopia, its causes, compensating mechanisms, and therapy is presented. Diplopia may be of benign origin, e.g., presbyopia or convergence insufficiency, but in the elderly it can be a warning of a severe local disorder or systemic disease. Early medical diagnosis should be a prime objective. Most of these disorders, if identified in time, can be cured or at least relieved by appropriate medical and surgical treatment.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Rehabilitation Program with Continuation on an Outpatient Basis
Authors: Alkalay Israel , Kaplan Abram S. , Sharma Ran , Kimbel Philip 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA total of 187 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were treated in a rehabilitation program, initially as inpatients and then scheduled to continue 6 months or more in an outpatient clinic. The mean age was 61 (range, 28–76 years). Changes shown by participants in the outpatient program were compared to those shown by the nonparticipants. For both groups, the mortality rates were similar to published figures, and were strongly related to the levels of forced expiratory volume/sec (FEV1.0). The FEV1.0 declined significantly within one year in both groups. Psychologic test scores were unchanged. There was a sharp increase in unemployment. Although rehabilitative therapy must be continued, high priority should be given to early detection of COPD in patients who have airway obstruction but are otherwise asymptomatic. Possibly, at that stage, the elimination of cigarette smoking may slow the process.
Compression Injury of the Sciatic Nerve During a Prolonged Surgical Procedure in a Diabetic Patient†
Authors: Massey E. Wayne , Pleet A. Bernard 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPatients with diabetes mellitus and an underlying mixed axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy are particularly prone to compression neuropathies with consequent axonal degeneration and a poor prognosis for recovery. This hazard should be taken into account whenever a prolonged surgical procedure is contemplated. An illustrative case is presented.
Bacterial Pneumonia in the Elderly
Authors: Ebright J. R. , Rytel M. W. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA retrospective study was made of patients having community‐acquired pneumonia and treated at a large municipal hospital in 1973. Patients from nursing homes or other paramedical facilities were excluded. The incidence of Gram‐negative bacillary pneumonia was significantly higher in elderly patients compared to two younger groups, and mortality from this type of pneumonia was higher than from pneumococcal or staphylococcal types or from pneumonia of unknown cause. Recommendations are made for the initial treatment of elderly patients with community‐acquired pneumonia.
A System for Rating the Severity of Senility
Authors: Berger Eugene Y. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough the development of senility in members of the aging population is not invariable or predictable at a specific age, the incidence is high and presents a constant problem for those responsible for the care of this group. A simple classification (Classes I‐VI) is suggested to describe the severity of senility. The crucial dividing line in the estimation of severity lies at mid‐point on the scale, i.e., between Clases III and IV. Class III (direction) represents patients who can accomplish activities if told what to do, and Class IV (assistance) represents patients who need physical help for the activities of daily living. On either side are Classes I and II (minor manifestations) versus Classes V and VI (ambulatory or bedridden patients, unable to communicate appropriately). The severity is estimated in terms of the needs of the patient.
Influenza: Epidemiology, Etiology, Immunization and Management†
Authors: Seneca Harry 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTInfluenza, an acute contagious respiratory infection caused by orthomyxoviruses A, B, and C, occurs in local outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. Differences in the morphology and antigen patterns for these viruses account for the differences in virulence and immunity. Influenza A is virulent, B is mild, and C is nonvirulent. Swine influenza virus may spread from swine to man (recycling of human A virus), causing epidemics and pandemics. The 1976–77 influenza vaccination program involved swine virus, and was associated with 321 cases of Guillain‐Barré syndrome and a mortality of 5 percent. Subsequent yearly programs with other types of vaccine are described. Dosages vary according to the age of the vaccinee. Those who need vaccination include persons over 65 years of age, patients with heart/lung, liver/lung or metabolic diseases, severe anemia, or a compromised antigenic system. Side effects include local reaction, fever, an allergic reaction (due to egg protein), and the Guillain‐Barré syndrome (only with swine virus vaccine). In general, influenza vaccine is safe and confers 60–85 percent protection. Since immunity lasts only about a year, annual vaccination with recently isolated virus vaccine is recommended. Amantadine seems effective therapeutically and prophylactically for clinical influenza A infection.
The Cellular Basis of Impaired T Lymphocyte Functions in the Elderly
Authors: Abe Tohru , Morimoto Chikao , Toguchi Takashi , Kiyotaki Masaya , Homma Mitsuo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTImmunologic changes associated with aging were studied by various immunologic tests in 24 aged persons (age range, 76–83) and 25 young persons (age range, 20–40). The responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were depressed in the aged subjects compared to the young ones (p < 0.05), whereas the responses to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were similar. The activity of adherent and non‐adherent cells was assessed in various combinations. The adherent cells of aged persons were indistinguishable from those of young persons in their ability to response to Con A. Lymphocytes from the aged synthesized larger in vitro amounts of immunoglobulin than did lymphocytes from the young, when stimulated with PWM. Con A‐stimulated T lymphocytes derived from aged subjects showed a variable loss of suppressor activity. The mixed lymphocyte culture reaction with mitomycin‐treated allogeneic and autologous cells was also impaired in aged subjects. Such an impaired response in the aged is related to higher incidences of malignant lesions and auto‐antibodies.
Effect of Age on Glucose Utilization and Responsiveness to Insulin in Forearm Muscle†
Authors: Kalant Norman , Leibovici Dalila , Leibovici Theodore , Fukushima Naoki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTo determine the effect of age on responsiveness to insulin, 34 healthy subjects (age range, 22–73 years) were studied. A glucose‐clamp technique was used to obtain a range of values for steady‐state arterial glucose and arterial insulin concentrations; total body glucose utilization was estimated from the rate of glucose infusion needed to maintain the steady state; and the uptake of glucose and insulin by forearm muscle was determined by a forearm perfusion procedure. The results were examined by multiple regression analyses. The rate of glucose utilization by the whole body as well as by forearm muscle was dependent upon the insulin concentration. Age had no apparent effect on body glucose utilization, the uptake of glucose or insulin by muscle, or the steady‐state insulin concentration in response to hyperglycemia. It is concluded that the abnormal glucose tolerance commonly associated with increased age is not due to a decrease in either insulin secretion or insulin stimulation of glucose uptake.
Community‐Acquired Bacteremia in the Elderly: Analysis of One Hundred Consecutive Episodes
Authors: Esposito Anthony L. , Gleckman Richard A. , Cram Sheila , Crowley Monique , McCabe Fannie , Drapkin Mark S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA retrospective analysis was made of the records of 100 consecutive geriatric patients with community‐acquired bacteremia, admitted to a suburban hospital. The most frequently identified tissue sources for these bacteremias were the urinary tract (34 percent), biliary tract (20 percent), and lungs (13 percent). In 11 percent of the patients, the tissue focus was not established. E. coli, Klebsiella species and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common organisms isolated, and they contributed to 73 percent of the bacteremias. Of the 100 patients, 26 succumbed to the infection. Clinical manifestations unique to the geriatric patient are described.
Attitudes Toward the Geriatric Patient Among Family Practice Residents†
Authors: Maxwell Alan J. , Sullivan Nicole 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFor the Family Practitioner, elderly patients are a highly significant group. In the past, some health professionals have expressed negative attitudes toward the elderly. Thus a need exists to study specific factors that may influence a Family Practice resident's willingness to treat older patients. A Likert‐type questionnaire was developed that utilized the Thurstone‐Likert discrimination technique. Five categories were chosen for study: general attitudes, cost effectiveness, time and energy, therapeutic potential, and educational preparation. Responses of 150 Family Practice residents were then analyzed. The attitudes of the residents were significantly positive in all categories except Educational Preparation. Noteworthy was the finding that the attitudes improved from the first year through the third year of residency. This is the first medical specialty group to demonstrate such a trend. Certain negative attitudes observed in the Educational Preparation category re‐emphasize the need for training programs to improve professional geriatric instruction.
The Dunedin Program, a Florida Geriatric Screening Process: Design and Initial Data
Authors: Hale William E. , Marks Ronald G. , Stewart Ronald B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe Dunedin program was started in 1975 for the purpose of screening participants over the age of 65, for medical disorders. Data are collected on family history, past medical history, drug history, current symptoms and disorders, and numerous biochemical and physiologic factors. In the past four years, 4,363 participants have been evaluated and a large data base has been derived concerning the 65+ age group. It is hoped that data from this program will facilitate the future assessment, treatment and care of the elderly.
Comparison of Two Brief Tests of Organic Brain Impairment, the MSQ and the Short Portable MSQ
Authors: Fillenbaum Gerda G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA rapid means of validly assessing the presence or absence of organic brain impairment among the elderly is valuable for clinicians whose practice includes geriatric patients. Two such measures are the Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). The similarity of content of these two 10‐item questionnaires has led to the suggestion that their capacity to identify organic impairment may be similar. The question was examined in this study. Data were obtained on 83 elderly community residents on whom the validity of the SPMSQ had been tested. In 29 the diagnosis was organic brain syndrome (OBS), and the other 54 were classified as non‐OBS. After making minor changes in the scoring of the SPMSQ to improve discriminability (omissions were scored as errors), the MSQ and the SPMSQ were found to be equivalent in discriminating power. Both questionnaires accurately identified almost all (96 percent) of the non‐OBS subjects but missed nearly half of the subjects with a diagnosis of OBS. Item analysis indicated that two items in the MSQ and three items in the SPMSQ could explain nearly as much variance as did the total set of items. Thus the capacities of these two scales to identify the presence of diagnosed OBS among elderly community residents appeared to be equivalent. If test brevity is desired, the questionnaires could be made still shorter, with little loss of effectiveness.
Dietary Patterns and Cancer of the Digestive Tract in Older Patients†
Authors: Hunter Kathleen , Linn Margaret W. , Harris Rachel 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study involved 97 male veterans (age range, 45–65) in four approximately equal groups, classified as follows: 1) colon or rectal cancer, 2) upper digestive‐tract cancers, 3) other cancers, and 4) additional controls (no cancer). Dietary histories of these cancer and noncancer inpatients were recorded to see whether or not consumption of particular substances could be predictive of cancer. The interactions of substances in combination such as sugar × fat, and alcohol × smoking, proved to be important predictors of cancer of the upper digestive tract. The degree of coffee consumption was a predictor of nondigestive‐tract cancer. However, colorectal cancer patients could not be distinguished from non‐cancer patients by the dietary variables examined.
Some Demographic and Diagnostic Characteristics of a Geriatric Population in a State Geriatric Facility
Authors: Stevick Charles P. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTData are presented on some of the chief characteristics of a sample of 276 patients (152 women and 124 men) in a long‐term state psychiatry facility, who had previously undergone intensive psychiatric treatment. For the women the average age was 81.6 years, and for the men 75.8 years. The women had slightly more schizophrenia, manic depressive illnesses and cerebrovascular syndromes. The men had distinctly more CNS syphilis and alcoholic dementia. Initially, patients with schizophrenia had been admitted at ages ranging from 15 to 99 years, and those with manic depressive illness at ages ranging from 20 to 70 years. For cerebrovascular syndromes, admissions were concentrated in the age range of 70–90 for women and 65–85 for men. For CNS syphilis, the admissions (for men) were concentrated in the age range of 50–70, and for alcoholic dementia in the age range of 60–80. Length of stay was extremely long for schizophrenic and manic depressive illness and relatively short for cerebrovascular syndromes. However, for the majority of the cerebrovascular patients, the length of stay was at least five years for the men and at least ten years for the women.
Hospital Treatment of Elderly Neuropsychiatric Patients. I. Initial Clinical and Administrative Experience with a New Teaching Ward
Authors: Ford Charles V. , Spar James E. , Davis Barbara , Liston Edward H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTProgram planning and the initial experience of a new teaching ward for geriatric psychiatry are described. Elderly psychiatric patients, with diagnoses predominantly of depression and dementia, demonstrate more self‐centeredness and less group awareness than do younger patients. Ward staff members often experience frustration, sadness and anger in response to working with them. Major problems unique to a geriatric psychiatry service include the paucity of adequate resources for post‐discharge care and the necessity to obtain excellent medical‐surgical consultation and support.
Stroke Rehabilitation—Is Age a Determinant?†
Authors: Adler Mark K. , Brown Curtland C. , Acton Patricia 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA retrospective survey was made of the average improvement, length of stay, and discharge placement of 180 stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. The patients were divided into four age groups: under 55, 55–65, 66–75, and over 75. A grading system was used for evaluating the patient's ability in ambulation and self‐care. No significant differences were found among the four age groups. The patients were then divided into subgroups depending upon the admission functional score: 0–20, 21–40, 41–60, and over 60. In the subgroups, no statistically significant differences were apparent for the average improvement of patients under age 55 as compared to those over 75, except for those whose initial functional score was 21–40. In this subgroup, the average improvement for patients under age 55 was 26.4 points with a length of stay of 31.9 days, whereas for those over age 75 the average improvement was 15.5 points with a length of stay of 25.9 days. Thus, age per se did not seem to be a determinant factor in successful rehabilitation; rather, the poor showing of the oldest group for the 21–40 score in the sub‐set may have been due to premature discharge.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Masquerading as Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Weinberger Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPolymyalgia rheumatica is a syndrome rather than a specific entity. The cases of two elderly patients are reported. These patients presented with typical polymyalgia rheumatica, but later were shown to have rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly may first masquerade as polymyalgia rheumatica.
Quantitative Clinicopathologic Study of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Kurucz Janos , Charbonneau Rene , Kurucz Anna , Ramsey Patricia 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA rapid screening method is described for detecting amyloid angiopathy (AA) in the meningeal vessels with the use of thioflavin‐S and fluorescence microscopy. AA was found most frequently in the brains of patients in whom senile degeneration of the Alzheimer type was complicated by severe arteriosclerosis, vascular hyalinosis and multiple infarcts (73 percent). In 69 randomly drawn mental hospital patients over the age of 55, the degree of AA was significantly correlated with the degree of organic symptomatology (r = .417, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis, however, revealed that AA as a predictor of clinical symptoms was highly dependent upon another predictor, i.e., the quantity of senile plaques in the brain. In contrast, a highly significant and independent correlation was found between the clinical symptoms and AA in a control sample of 21 patients who had mental illnesses other than senile dementia (r = .683, p < .001). In these patients the plaque count was very low and arteriosclerosis was prevalent. Among the clinical symptoms, Affect Lability was consistently most highly correlated with AA, whereas Disorientation was most highly correlated with the quantity of plaques.
Intra‐Institutional Relocation: Measured Impact upon Geriatric Patients*
Authors: Haddad Lawrence B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA study was designed to measure the impact of intra‐hospital relocation upon elderly patients transferred to intermediate, skilled nursing, or psychiatric care facilities. The subjects were 389 elderly residents of a psychiatric hospital. Their mean age was 76.2 years, and mean length of hospitalization 22.4 years. A before‐and‐after analysis was made of behavior rating scores, and the mortality rate was compared with baseline values. The findings indicated that, for this type of reorganization, no deterioration was evident in the measured behaviors, nor did the move cause sufficient stress to have a substantial impact on mortality. It was concluded that, contrary to numerous reports in the literature, the mass relocation of elderly patients for the purpose of delivering more appropriate treatment services does not necessarily have detrimental effects. Additional research is required to account for outcomes related to the interaction between more specific personal characteristics and environmental components.
Analysis of the 1980 Heat Wave in Memphis*
Authors: Applegate William B. , Runyan John W. , Brasfield Linda , Williams Mary Lynn , Konigsberg Charles , Fouche Cheryl 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDuring the heat wave of 1980, average daily temperatures in Memphis first rose above the mean on June 25 and remained elevated for 26 consecutive days. In July 1980, 83 heat‐related deaths were recorded as compared to none in July 1979. Most of these deaths occurred in elderly, poor, black, inner‐city residents. There was a statistically significant increase in total mortality rates, deaths from natural causes, cardiovascular mortality rates, and the rate for persons dead on arrival. Virtually all the excess mortality was in persons over the age of 60. The rise in heat‐related emergency room visits occurred three days prior to the rise in heat‐related deaths. Local planning for future heat waves should focus on the inner‐city black elderly. Heat‐related deaths and emergency room visits should be reported to public health officials.