bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermochromic microgels and core‐shell microgels based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer
Authors: Okada Kousuke , Maeda Yasushi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMicrogels exhibiting thermochromic behavior based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are prepared. The FRET microgels consist of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAm) networks with fixed fluorescein and rhodamine moieties and exhibits volume phase transition (VPT) at 34–35°C. A critical decrease in their sizes during the VPT enhances the efficiency of FRET between fluorescein as a donor and rhodamine as an acceptor. Therefore, emission from fluorescein (523 nm) and that of rhodamine (579 nm) is dominant at temperatures below and above the VPT temperature, respectively, when fluorescein is excited. We also prepare thermochromic core‐shell FRET microgel exhibiting two‐step color change. The microgels consist of a PNiPAm core and a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N,N‐diethylacrylamide) shell and exhibit dual temperate‐responsiveness at 19 and 33°C. The fluorescence spectrum of the microgels also changes in two steps at these temperatures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Toward “Rubbery” nanoparticles
Authors: Predeep Padmanabhan , Safiya Najidha , Prasad Neena 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of electrically Conducting Natural Rubber (CNR) nanoparticles from natural rubber (cis 1, 4 polyisoprene) by a simple chemical doping technique is reported for the first time. Much before the establishment of conjugation as a precondition for polymers to be conducting a typical nonconjugated polymer like cis 1,4 polyisoprene was shown to develop intrinsic conductivity on doping. However, the possibility of developing conducting nanoparticles of natural rubber by doping has never been explored. Doping of natural rubber solution with Antimony pentchloride is found to lead to the formation of nanosized rubber particles with improved thermal stability and lower degradation characteristics than that of pristine rubber. Transmission electron microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering experiments revealed a highly uniform dispersion of the particles with sizes in the range of 4 nm. The doped nanoparticles are found to retain “rubbery” properties of natural rubber and therefore these can be rightly termed as Rubber Nano particles. The development of nanoparticles of rubber assumes great significance in that it would lead to hitherto unknown applications for natural rubber in micro applications‐like sensors, and optoelectronics devices to macro applications such as compatible reinforcing fillers for elastomers and plastics to replace conventional fillers like carbon particles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Investigation on β‐polypropylene/PP‐g‐MAH/surface treated talc composites
Authors: Duan Jiawei , Dou Qiang 
Published: March 2013

Abstractβ‐Polypropylene composites containing talc treated by titanate coupling agent (T‐talc) and maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MAH) were prepared by melt compounding. The crystallization, morphology, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical tests. It is found that β nucleating agent (NT‐C) induces the formation of β‐phase but T‐talc suppresses the formation of β‐modification. Both NT‐C and T‐talc greatly decrease the spherulitic size of PP. PP‐g‐MAH has a weak restraint on the formation of β‐form PP but it improves the compatibility between T‐talc and PP matrix. Izod notched impact strength of β‐PP/T‐talc composite is higher than that of PP/T‐talc composite at each loading, indicating the toughening effect of β‐PP. Incorporation of PP‐g‐MAH into β‐PP/T‐talc composite further increases the impact strength when T‐talc concentration is below 2.5 wt %. The non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of β‐PP composites is well described by Jeziorny's and Mo's methods, respectively. The activation energies (ΔE) of non‐isothermal crystallization were calculated by Kissinger method. It is found that NT‐C and T‐talc accelerate the crystallization rate of PP but PP‐g‐MAH has a slightly negative influence on the crystallization rate of β‐PP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is perched between type 1 and type 2: evidence from adults in one region of Spain
Authors: Mollo Angels , Hernandez Marta , Marsal Josep R. , Esquerda Aureli , Rius Ferran , Blanco‐Vaca Francisco , Verdaguer Joan , Pozzilli Paolo , de Leiva Alberto , Mauricio Didac 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to characterize the clinical characteristics and insulin secretion in adults with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We also compared these characteristics in subjects with antibody‐negative type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or adult‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM) to subjects with LADA.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 82 patients with LADA, 78 with T1DM and 485 with T2DM were studied. Clinical and metabolic data, in particular those that related to metabolic syndrome, fasting C‐peptide and islet‐cell autoantibodies [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADAb) and IA2 (IA2Ab)] were measured.ResultsThe frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with LADA (37.3%) was higher than in those with T1DM (15.5%; p = 0.005) and lower than in patients with T2DM (67.2%; p < 0.001). During the first 36 months of the disease, the C‐peptide concentration in LADA patients was higher than in subjects with T1DM but was lower than in T2DM patients (p < 0.01 for comparisons). Glycemic control in LADA patients (HbA1c 8.1%) was worse than in patients with T2DM (HbA1c 7.6%; p =0.007). An inverse association between GADAb titers and C‐peptide concentrations was found in subjects with LADA (p < 0.001). Finally, LADA patients rapidly progressed to insulin treatment.ConclusionsAs in other European populations, patients with LADA in Spain have a distinct metabolic profile compared with patients with T1DM or T2DM. LADA is also associated with higher impairment of beta‐cell function and has worse glycemic control than in T2DM. Beta cell function is related to GADAb titers in patients with LADA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of coastal and mesoscale observation from space: Application to the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Escudier Romain , Bouffard Jérôme , Pascual Ananda , Poulain Pierre‐Marie , Pujol Marie‐Isabelle 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present an innovative approach to the generation of remotely sensed high‐resolution sea surface topography that improves coastal and mesoscale dynamic characterization. This new method is applied for the period 2002–2010 in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, an area marked by a small Rossby radius. The spectral content of the new mapped data is closer to that of the along‐track signal and displays higher levels of energy in the mesoscale bandwidth with the probability distribution of the new velocity fields 30% closer to drifter estimations. The fields yield levels of eddy kinetic energy 25% higher than standard altimetry products, especially over regions regularly impacted by mesoscale instabilities. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative comparisons with drifters, glider, and satellite sea surface temperature observations further confirm that the new altimetry product provides, in many cases, a better representation of mesoscale features (more than 25% improvement in correlation with glider data during an experiment).
Effects of tumor staging and treatment modality on functional outcome and quality of life after treatment for laryngeal cancer
Authors: Robertson Stuart M. , Yeo Justin C. L. , Sabey Lesley , Young David , MacKenzie Kenneth 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAn earlier stage of primary disease at diagnosis is associated with better survival from laryngeal cancer. It remains unproven whether earlier stage is also associated with improved end‐organ function and quality of life after treatment.MethodsQuestionnaire packs were posted to 250 patients with laryngeal cancer treated between January 2006 and December 2008 within the West of Scotland. Packs contained the Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS), MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW‐QOL).ResultsOne hundred forty‐seven eligible patients provided data for analysis (59% of original cohort). Patients with an earlier stage of primary disease reported significantly better VoiSS, MDADI, and UW‐QOL scores (p < .05). No differences were found between scores of patients with T1 laryngeal disease treated with endoscopic laser resection (ELR) and radiotherapy.ConclusionAn earlier stage at diagnosis is associated with significantly better end‐organ function and quality of life after treatment for laryngeal cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1759–1763, 2013
Book Review
Authors: HUTCHEON DUNCAN E. 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Treatment of Heart Disease in the Adult. Ira L. Rubin, Harry Gross, and Sidney R. ArbeitDrug Responses in Man (CIBA Foundation Symposium). G. E. W. Wolstenholme and R. PorterHospital Pharmacy, 2nd Edition. William E. Hassan, Jr. Lea & Febiger
Book Review
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Coagulation Problems in Transplanted Organs. K. N. vonKaulla and T. M. FliednerPharmacology of Naturally Occurring Polypeptides and Lipid Soluble AcidsPathophysiology of Muscle Tone. M. Wiesen‐danger.Tobacco—Experimental and Clinical Studies—Supplement II. P. S. Larson and H. Silvette. Williams and WilkinsClinical Pharmacology. Basic Principles of Therapeutics. K. L. Melmon and H. F. Morrelli
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Phenothiazines and Structurally Related Drugs. Advances in Biochemical Psycho‐pharmacology, Vol. 9. I. S. Forrest, C. J. Carr, and E. Usdin, editors.Benzodiazepines in Clinical Practice. D. J. Greenblatt and R. I. Shader.Perinatal Pharmacology, Problems and Priorities. Joseph Danis and Joseph C. Hwang, editors.Choline and Acetylcholine: Handbook of Chemical Assay Methods. Israel Hanin, editor.Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, Volume 10: Serotonin—New Vistas—Histochemistry and Pharmacology. E. Costa, G. L. Gessa, and M. Sandler, editors.Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, Volume 11: Serotonin—New Vistas—Biochemistry and Behavioral and Clinical Studies. E. Costa, G. L. Gessa, and M. Sandler, editors.Role of Catecholamines in Cardiovascular Diseases: I. Hypertension. B. D. Bhagat.Chemistry of Fungicidal Action. Vol. 10 in Molecular, Biochemistry, Biophysics Series. R. J. Lunkens.Acetylcholine. An Approach to the Molecular Mechanism of Action. M. J. Michelson and E. V. Zeimal.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Advances in Microbial and Antineoplastic Therapy, Volume II: Antineoplastic Therapy and Radioprotectives. M. Hejzlar, M. Semonky, and S. Masák.The Prostaglandins, Volume I. Peter W. Ram‐well, editor.The Prostaglandins: Pharmacological and Therapeutic Advances. M. F. Cuthbert, editor.Polyamines in Normal and Neoplastic Growth. Diane H. Russell, editor.Handbook of Pharmacology, 5th Edition: The Actions and Uses of Drugs.Isolated Liver Perfusion and Its Applications. I. Bartosek and A. Guaitani, editors.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Advances in Neuro‐Psychopharmacology. O. Vinar, Z. Votava, and P. B. BradleyHandbook of Pediatrics. H. K. Silver, C. H. Kempe, and H. B. Bruyn.Cyclic AMP. G. A. Robison, R. W. Butcher, and E. W. Sutherland.Review of Medical Physiology. 6th Edition. William F. Ganong.Advances in Neurology, Volume 2: Treatment of Parkinsonism—The Role of Dopa Decarboxylase Inhibitors. Melvin D. YahrReview of Physiological Chemistry. 14th Edition. Harold A. Harper.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Perinatal Medicine—British Medical Bulletin, Volume 31. P. W. NathanielszDrug‐Induced Clinical Toxicity. (Principles and Techniques of Human Research and Therapeutics, Volume II). F. Gilbert McMahonThe Speed Culture. (Amphetamine Use and Abuse in America). L. Grinspoon and P. Hedblom.Adenine Arabinoside: An Antiviral Agent. D. Pavan‐Langston, R. A. Buchanan, and C. A. Alford, Jr., editors.Review of Medical Physiology, 7th Edition. William F. Ganong.Handbook of Pediatrics, 11th Edition, H. K. Silver, C. H. Kempe, and H. B. Bruyn.Drug Actions on Cholinergic Systems. R. W. Brimblecombe.Dopaminergic Mechanisms (Advances in Neurology, Volume 9). D. Calne, T. N. Chase, and A. BarbeauPurine Metabolism in Man: Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 41A). O. Sperling, A. DeVries, and J. B. Wyngaarden
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:The Healing Hand. Man and Wound in the Ancient World. Guido Majno.Drug Effects in Hospitalized Patients. R. R. Miller and D. J. Greenblatt, editors.Pocket Consult Diuretics. Mary Jo Reilly, editor.Predictability in Psychopharmacology. Preclinical and Clinical Correlations. A. Sudilovsky, S. Gershon, and B. Beer, editors.Cardiovascular Dynamics, 4th edition. Robert F. RushmerWhat You Should Know About Health Care Before You Call a Doctor! G. Timothy Johnson.
PDECO: Parallel differential evolution for clusters optimization
Authors: Chen Zhanghui , Jiang Xiangwei , Li Jingbo , Li Shushen , Wang Linwang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe optimization of the atomic and molecular clusters with a large number of atoms is a very challenging topic. This article proposes a parallel differential evolution (DE) optimization scheme for large‐scale clusters. It combines a modified DE algorithm with improved genetic operators and a parallel strategy with a migration operator to address the problems of numerous local optima and large computational demanding. Results of Lennard–Jones (LJ) clusters and Gupta‐potential Co clusters show the performance of the algorithm surpasses those in previous researches in terms of successful rate, convergent speed, and global searching ability. The overall performance for large or challenging LJ clusters is enhanced significantly. The average number of local minimizations per hit of the global minima for Co clusters is only about 3–4% of that in previous methods. Some global optima for Co are also updated. We then apply the algorithm to optimize the Pt clusters with Gupta potential from the size 3 to 130 and analyze their electronic properties by density functional theory calculation. The clusters with 13, 38, 54, 75, 108, and 125 atoms are extremely stable and can be taken as the magic numbers for Pt systems. It is interesting that the more stable structures, especially magic‐number ones, tend to have a larger energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. It is also found that the clusters are gradually close to the metal bulk from the size N > 80 and Pt38 is expected to be more active than Pt75 in catalytic reaction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of daily, monthly, and annual burned area using the fourth‐generation global fire emissions database (GFED4)
Authors: Giglio Louis , Randerson James T. , van der Werf Guido R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe describe the fourth generation of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) burned area data set, which provides global monthly burned area at 0.25°  spatial resolution from mid‐1995 through the present and daily burned area for the time series extending back to August 2000. We produced the full data set by combining 500 m MODIS burned area maps with active fire data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the Along‐Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) family of sensors. We found that the global annual area burned for the years 1997 through 2011 varied from 301 to 377Mha, with an average of 348Mha. We assessed the interannual variability and trends in burned area on the basis of a region‐specific definition of fire years. With respect to trends, we found a gradual decrease of 1.7Mhayr  − 1 ( − 1.4%yr  − 1) in Northern Hemisphere Africa since 2000, a gradual increase of 2.3Mhayr  − 1 (+1.8%yr  − 1) in Southern Hemisphere Africa also since 2000, a slight increase of 0.2Mhayr  − 1 (+2.5%yr  − 1) in Southeast Asia since 1997, and a rapid decrease of approximately 5.5Mhayr  − 1 ( − 10.7%yr  − 1) from 2001 through 2011 in Australia, followed by a major upsurge in 2011 that exceeded the annual area burned in at least the previous 14 years. The net trend in global burned area from 2000 to 2012 was a modest decrease of 4.3Mhayr  − 1 ( − 1.2%yr  − 1). We also performed a spectral analysis of the daily burned area time series and found no vestiges of the 16 day MODIS repeat cycle.
Elective central compartment neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma recurrence
Authors: Trivizki Omer , Amit Moran , Fliss Dan M. , Gil Ziv 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the role of elective central compartment neck dissection (CND) in patients with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma in the jugular chain lymph nodes.Study DesignRetrospective medical record review and analysis of survival outcomes.MethodsThe study was conducted at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University. Fifty‐one patients who had prior thyroidectomy underwent therapeutic lateral neck dissection (LND) without radiological evidence of central neck metastases. Therapeutic LND without elective CND was performed in 17 patients, and 34 patients had elective CND. The clinical variables were similar in both groups. The median follow‐up was 44 months. Disease‐free survival and overall survival were the main outcome measures.ResultsThe recurrence rate in the central neck was 9% (n = 3/34) in patients undergoing CND and 12% (n = 2/17) in patients without CND. The overall recurrence rate was 18% (6/34) in patients with CND and 36% (6/17) in patients without CND (P = 0.16). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 82% and 65% in patients with or without CND, respectively (P = 0.69). Long‐term thyroglobulin levels and complication rates were similar in both groups.ConclusionsThe lack of significant disease‐free survival advantage demonstrates the need for a prospective evaluation of the common practice of this disease.Level of Evidence4.
Hybrid‐mixed discretization of elasto‐dynamic contact problems using consistent singular mass matrices
Authors: Tkachuk A. , Wohlmuth B. I. , Bischoff M. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYAn alternative spatial semi‐discretization of dynamic contact based on a modified Hamilton's principle is proposed. The modified Hamilton's principle uses displacement, velocity and momentum as variables, which allows their independent spatial discretization. Along with a local static condensation for velocity and momentum, it leads to an approach with a hybrid‐mixed consistent mass matrix. An attractive feature of such a formulation is the possibility to construct hybrid singular mass matrices with zero components at those nodes where contact is collocated. This improves numerical stability of the semi‐discrete problem: the differential index of the underlying differential‐algebraic system is reduced from 3 to 1, and spurious oscillations in the contact pressure, which are commonly reported for formulations with Lagrange multipliers, are significantly reduced. Results of numerical experiments for truss and Timoshenko beam elements are discussed. In addition, the properties of the novel discretization scheme for an unconstrained dynamic problem are assessed by a dispersion analysis.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic and policy issues of U.S. agricultural pesticide use trends
Authors: Osteen Craig D , Fernandez‐Cornejo Jorge 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis paper discusses U.S. agricultural pesticide use trends from 1964 to 2010 based on estimates developed from USDA surveys, and the influence of economic factors, agricultural policy, and pesticide regulation on aggregate quantities and mix of pesticides used.RESULTSSynthetic organic pesticide use grew dramatically from the 1960s to the early 1980s, as farmers treated more and more acreage. Use then stabilized, with herbicides applied to about 95% of corn, cotton, and soybean acres, annually. Subsequently, major factors affecting trends were: (1) changes in crop acreage and other economic factors, (2) use of new pesticides that reduced per‐acre application rates and/or met more rigorous health and environmental standards, and (3) adoption of genetically engineered insect‐resistant and herbicide‐tolerant crops.CONCLUSIONThe use of pesticides and other control practices responded to economic factors such as input and output markets and agricultural policies. Changing societal values toward pesticide risks and benefits profoundly affected pesticide policy, influencing the pesticides available for use, but only indirectly affecting aggregate quantities used. While the current pesticide regulatory process might have economic inefficiencies, it might be consistent with policy preferences held by much of the public—to reduce pesticide hazards rather than minimize regulatory costs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity in children: Diagnosis, management, and outcomes
Authors: Kanj Wajdi W. , Gunderson Melissa A. , Carrigan Robert B. , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the upper extremity is a rare but serious condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of ACS of the upper extremity in a pediatric population. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent a decompressive fasciotomy for ACS of the upper extremity. Data collected included demographics, injury details, presenting symptoms, compartment measurements, time to diagnosis, time to treatment, and outcomes at the latest follow-up. Results Twenty-three children underwent fasciotomies for ACS of the forearm (15) and hand (8), at an average age of 9.3 years (range 0–17.8 years). The most common etiologies were fracture (13) and intravenous (IV) infiltration (3). The most common presenting symptoms were pain (83 %) and swelling (65 %). Compartment pressures were measured in 17/23 patients, and all but two patients had at least one compartment with a pressure >30 mmHg. The final two patients were diagnosed and treated for ACS based on clinical signs and symptoms. The average time from injury to fasciotomy was 32.8 h (3.7–158.0 h). Long-term outcome was excellent for 17 patients (74 %) and fair for 5 (22 %), based on the presence of loss of motor function, stiffness, or decreased sensation. One patient with brachial plexus injury and poor baseline function was excluded from functional outcome scoring. There was no association between the time from diagnosis to fasciotomy and functional outcome at the final follow-up ( p = 1.000). Conclusions Although ACS of the upper extremity in children is often associated with a long delay between injury and fasciotomy, most children still achieve excellent outcomes. The majority of patients presented with pain and at least one additional symptom, but treatment was often delayed, implying that ACS of the upper extremity in children is a difficult diagnosis to establish and may be associated with a prolonged clinical time course.