bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Walking and Self-sufficiency Ability Related to Nutrition among People with Down Syndrome
Authors: Brantmüller Éva , Gyuró Monika , Karácsony Ilona 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Development of the walking ability and self-care of patients with Down syndrome is affected by their body weight determining their lifestyle to a great extent. Objectives: The study aimed at the determination of body mass index for persons living in residential institutions and families, exploration its impact on walking and self-care as two, objective factors of life quality. Method: Data collection of persons aged 3-35 with Down syndrome living in families covered seven counties, while those of living in residential institutions covered thirteen counties in Hungary. In the 183 cases studied 76 people in residential institutions, 107 people lived in families. The cross-sectional study was processed by non-random sample selection. The questionnaires were filled out by health visitors and care takers edited by their own. Results: 50.6% of adults and 26.1% of children belonged to the overweight or obese category. Their residence showed a significant correlation with the body mass index (p< 0.001). Overweight and obese persons in families, while thin ones were more prevalent in institutions. Regarding the walking ability and self-care of the persons living in families a significantly higher level of development was achieved (p< 0.001). Walking ability (p = 0.001) and self-care (p = 0,008) were worsened by less body weight significantly, while overweight or obesity influenced it less negatively. Discussion: The claim is not further acceptable whereas persons with Down syndrome are more prone to obesity than average people. However unfavourable weight gain in adults draws attention to the necessity to a healthy diet and regular exercise. The people living in residential institutions with significantly lower body mass index and the associated low development of walking ability and self-care envisages an urgent reform of residential institutions. Life in the institutions negatively affects the walking ability and self-care, and thus significantly reduces the quality of life of persons with Down's syndrome.
Social Participation and Health among Ageing People in East-Central Europe
Authors: Makai Alexandra , Prémusz Viktória , Füge Kata , Figler Mária , Lampek Kinga 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this study we examined the health of the ageing population of East-Central Europe. Data derived from the 6th round of the European Social Survey. The aim of our research was to examine the most important factors that determine ageing people’s health status. We paid particular attention to the social ties of our target group.
Comparison the Psychological Wellbeing of University Students from Hungary and Romania
Authors: Barth Anita , Nagy Ildikó , Kiss János 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The results obtained in our research of mental distress indicators and results of conflict management strategies are consistent with the results of international studies. Students participating in the study (N=237) reached the highest average results in the field of personal growth, while we measured the lowest value in the fields of autonomy and the dominance of the enviroment. Among the mental distress indicators the students gave the highest scores for the stress. The frequency examination showed the results of the participants to fall to 40.9% of moderate-severe and severe extreme range. While among the genders, women indicate much higher stress levels. In addition, the students preferred the avoiding conflict management strategy in preference to the other four strategies. While we compared the students from the two countries we found a significant difference between the survey field of autonomy and purpose in life. We also found a notable difference among the mental distress indicators. While the students of the University of Debrecen were moderate, the students of the universities of Oradea fell in the “slight” area (in the range of stress). For the usage of conflict management strategies we found no significant differences between the two countries' students. The students from both countries preferred the avoiding strategy. This study similiar to many national and international studies indicates the high level of stress among the students. One of the most important task of a higher education institution should be the protection of the students’ mental health which would lead to an improvement on well-being and that would cause the lowering of the stress level.
Understanding the Relationship Between Organizational Networking and Network Capability
Authors: Hutu Raul Alexandru 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Organizational networking refers to firms‘ behaviours as activities, routines, practices which enable an organization to make sense of and capitalize on their networks of direct and indirect business relationships. The relationships are more important today when the business environment is more competitive. The firms can develop their organizational networking strategies by developing their network capability which refers to its ability to build, handle and exploit relationships. These capabilities are included in a complex configuration with other capabilities and competencies. The aim of this paper is to explore how network capabilities are structured and we tried to understand how they could be improved in order to obtain higher performance. Achieving a good network position that allows firms to make use of business opportunities is a main strategic aim of firms
The Effect of the Country of Origin on the Consumer, from the Placebo Effect Perspective
Authors: Muresan Lavinia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Although it is mostly used in Medicine, the placebo effect has been exploited in Marketing as well, in recent years. In Medicine, the placebo effect is defined as the improving state of a patient as a result of administering a simulated treatment, without any therapeutic healing effect. The current paper presents the results obtained in the studies that tested the placebo effect in marketing, and the conclusions of an experiment in which the possibility of producing the placebo effect on the consumer when the country of origin of an identical product differs was tested
The Clifford Irving Hoax of the Howard Hughes Autobiography
Authors: Cabanne RA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Clifford Irving, a writer, with the help of his wife Edith and an associate, Richard Suskind, also a writer, convinced the editorial staffs of McGraw-Hill Book Co. and Life Magazine that he had obtained the written permission of Howard Hughes to write the story of his life. Irving did this by relating alleged meetings with Hughes in detail, inserting anecdotes he had found through an exhaustive research of Hughes' past, to members of the McGraw-Hill and Life Magazine managerial staff. To further bolster his claim that he had indeed talked with Hughes, and had, in fact, obtained his permission to do the Hughes' autobiography, Irving had “Hughes” write a letter to Mr. Harold McGraw, president of McGraw-Hill, informing him of the arrangement. Irving subsequently produced other letters allegedly written by Hughes. Irving and his associates were successful in proving to Life and McGraw-Hill that he had a pact With Mr. Hughes; he was, however, unable to convince Mr. Hughes of that fact. As a result, the matter was brought to the attention of the Postal Inspection Service by attorneys for both Hughes and Irving, demanding justice.
Identification of Flurazepam (Dalmane®) and a Primary Metabolite in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Manno BR , Baker JR , Manno JE , Hughes JR 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Flurazepam hydrochloride (Dalmane®) is a relatively new hypnotic agent gaining widespread usage in adults as a “sleeping pill.” Flurazepam is structurally related to the diazebenzapine tranquilizers, diazepam (Valium®) and chlorodiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium®) It is not classified by Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) regulations as a drug of abuse; however, any hypnotic, sedative, or tranquilizer which has widespread usage always has the potential for abuse. Until the recent mention by Sturner and Garriott [1] in their article on L-DOPA poisoning, few methods have been available for the detection of flurazepam in blood or urine or both with the exception of those by Swartz et al [2,3] and de Silva and Strojny [4]. A relatively simple, reliable method for the detection of flurazepam in urine could assist in identifying persons abusing or overdosed with the drug. This report describes a simple thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method for the qualitative identification of flurazepam in urine based upon the presence of flurazepam and a primary urinary metabolite, 7-chloro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (FM).
Alcohol Levels in Intracranial Blood Clots
Authors: Freireich AW , Bidanset JH , Lukash LE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In 1967 a routine alcohol determination was performed on the brain and blood of a 43-year-old male (HVB) who had been found unconscious, lying at the foot of a stairway in his home. He had sustained a fracture of the skull and survived nine hours in the hospital.
Quantitative Extraction of Tubocurarine, Gallamine, and Decamethonium from Biological Materials
Authors: Wittmer D , Atwell S , Haney WG 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Forensic analysis of skeletal muscle relaxants such as tubocurarine and gallamine has been hampered by the fact that these quaternary ammonium compounds are not readily extractable from the biological matrix. Several techniques have been presented to effect this extraction, but these appear to result in either erratic, incomplete extraction [1] or in nonselective extraction [2].
Change in Muzzle Velocity Due to Freezing and Water Immersion of .22, Long Rifle, K.F. Cartridges
Authors: Jauhari M , Chatterjee SM , Ghosh PK 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Velocity is probably the single most important factor that determines the wounding power of a bullet. It attains this importance because it is responsible for imparting to a bullet the kinetic energy necessary to produce a casualty. During World War II, a criterion of 58 ft.lb of energy as the minimum to cause a disabling wound was used. Although this criterion was arbitrary, it was found to provide a fairly good yardstick against which to measure the theoretical efficiency of a bullet. Attempts have also been made to correlate the various levels of energy with the probability of causing a disabling wound. At the same time, experimental studies indicate the existence of certain velocity thresholds for the penetration of human skin and bone [1]. It appears that only a few missiles with striking velocity less than 200 ft/s are capable of causing more than a trivial injury on a clothed human being.
Public Death: A Basic Philosophical Concept of Forensic Pathology and Medicine
Authors: Corrigan GE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Following the establishment of the egalitarian democratizing political documents, such as Magna Carta, the Constitution of the United States, and the Declaration of Independence (which referred to a right to life), there has developed a rather basic division of human affairs and activities into those which are public and those which are private. Currently, this public-private interface of activity is under inspection, both in regards to the computer compilation of personal data, that is, a national death index [1], and in regards to the personal-private nature of police investigations [2]. These thoughts are directed toward the public-private hiatus present in the work of the medical examiner or coroner.
Narcotic Abuse Among Homicide Victims in Detroit
Authors: Monforte JR , Spitz WU 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
During the year 1973 the city of Detroit, Mich. obtained nationwide recognition for its alarmingly high homicide rate. Detroit has a population of 1.5 million, and recorded 751 homicides in 1973. Wayne County, in which Detroit is located, recorded 821 homicides for its population of 2.7 million. Detroit, therefore, constitutes approximately one half of Wayne County on a population basis, but accounted for more than 90% of the homicides in that county in 1973.
A Review of “Psychiatry and Law”
Authors: Robitscher J 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Ralph Slovenko's Psychiatry and Law does not lend itself easily to evaluation. 736 pages of text, footnotes, appendixes, selected reading lists, and indexes clearly reflect an undertaking of heroic proportions. Every aspect of the interface of law and psychiatry is examined, from psychiatric evidence in tort liability to psychiatric evidence in criminal law. Issues are considered in terms of moral imperatives, legal practicalities, sociological implications, etc. To recognize the work and devotion invested in this massive textbook is to be overwhelmed.
A Review of “Forensic Dentistry”
Authors: Sopher IM 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This compact 158-page, nine-chapter text presents a collection of various topics of or related to forensic dentistry. The authors and contributors are composed of several persons who have published numerous articles concerning the field in the world literature. The book is definitely intended for a person with a dental background and represents a rather thorough coverage of particular areas within the field of forensic dentistry. The subject material is handled in excellent academic fashion with complete supporting bibliographic references. In review of the text as a whole, a broad overall continuous presentation of the scope of forensic dentistry fails to come across. Perhaps this is due to the fact that multiple contributors are involved. At any rate, one receives the impression that the book is one of a collection of isolated treatises upon selected topics within or related to forensic dentistry. For this reason, the work is best suited for one who already possesses some experience in forensic dentistry. For the latter individual, the publication represents a special treat, especially in the subject matter dealing with tooth and age estimation and radiological identification. The presentation of these two chapters alone makes the book well worth its modest price. The chapter on bite marks is also concise and well organized. The book does not fulfill the statement “. . . the book is as invaluable as Gustafson's original guide to the subject” as included in the foreword and upon the front coverleaf. Nevertheless, the text does possess several areas of great merit and interest as indicated, and should be a permanent fixture in the library of any dentist with an interest in forensic dentistry.
A Review of “Interaction of Alcohol and Other Drugs”
Authors: Williams MA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
During the thirty years since World War II, the manufacture and use of drugs have risen tremendously, especially those whose site of action is the nervous system. Added to the existing world problems during the past decade, the use and abuse of dangerous drugs and narcotics escalated to an alarming degree, regardless of all the expertise and funding mustered to stem the tide.
Analysis of Explosives and Explosive Residues. Part 2: Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Parker RG , McOwen JM , Cherolis JA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In Part 1 of this paper [1] the chemical tests used by this laboratory in the screening of explosives and explosive residues were discussed. Part 2 presents the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) methods used in this laboratory for the confirmation of commonly used organic explosive compounds.
Digital Image Processing Technology and Its Application in Forensic Sciences
Authors: Blackwell RJ , Crisci WA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
To the average semitechnical individual who, on the one hand, is subject to the whims of an aberrant computer that sends him credit card statements for an account unknown to him, or who is provoked by computer-produced sales letters in which his name is inserted at key points, digital computers are the degrading and impersonal taints of modern technology. On the other hand, to the astronaut in transit to the moon, the computer is his link with life. Between these two diverse extremes digital image processing has become a technical fact of life. Erratum to this paper appears in 20(4).
Multiple Animal Bite Wounds: A Case Report
Authors: Glass RT , Jordan FB , Andrews EE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
One of the primary functions of any medical examiner system is to aid in the discovery and prosecution of crime. Implicit in this responsibility is the role of protecting the innocent when in fact no crime is actually found to exist. In the execution of day-to-day activities, the medical examiner/forensic pathologist must be alert to explore all avenues of investigation and utilize any of the multitude of scientific aids and specialists available.
Fatal Anaphylaxis After Intravenous Iron Dextran
Authors: Zipf RE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Iron dextran (Imferon®) is a complex of ferric iron and dextran widely used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. It became commercially available in the United States in 1957. Since that time the intramuscular administration of iron dextran has been considered a relatively safe manner of administering iron to patients unable to tolerate oral iron therapy. However, untoward side effects have been reported. The most common of these are discomfort or staining of the skin at the injection site. The more disturbing reactions, however, appear to be allergic in nature and include lymphadenopathy, fever, urticaria, angioneurotic edema, arthralgias, and transient shocklike conditions [1–5]. Recently four cases of fatal anaphylaxis following intramuscular injection of iron dextran have been reported [6,7].
Dissecting Aneurysm of Coronary Artery Associated with Drug Abuse and Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Friedman BA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The rare isolated dissecting aneurysm of a coronary artery (DACA), known to be causally related to trauma and Marfan's syndrome, has also been linked with pregnancy and the postpartum state [1]. Hormonal effects on the ground substance or connective tissue of the coronary vessels have been invoked to explain this phenomenon [2]. The well-known relationship of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta with cystic medial necrosis prompted a search for the association of this degenerative change with dissecting aneurysms of the coronary artery. Various authors have confirmed this association [3,4].
Digoxin Concentrations in Postmortem Specimens After Overdose and Therapeutic Use
Authors: DiMaio VJM , Garriott JC , Putnam R 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The detection and evaluation of digitalis glycosides in autopsy specimens has been a serious problem for both medical examiners and toxicologists alike. Methods utilizing thin-layer chromatography or colorimetric techniques depended on a significant quantity of this drug remaining unabsorbed in the stomach or excreted into the urine. Digoxin, the most potent drug of this group and the form prescribed most frequently, is effective therapeutically in a dose range from 0.25 to 0.50 milligrams per day. This dose gives rise to therapeutic blood concentrations of 1.0 to 1.4 nanograms per millilitre [1]. Toxic effects of digoxin often begin to appear at 2.0 ng/ml. In view of these extremely low concentrations, even after an overdose with digitalis, detection of this drug in blood by conventional techniques could not be accomplished. The introduction of radioimmunoassay tests for these substances has provided an answer to this problem. Blood values of digoxin as low as 0.2 ng/ml can now be detected and measured reliably.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Some Drugs, Excipients, and Adulterants in Illicit Samples
Authors: Folen VA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The development of new compounds with the potential for drug abuse necessitates a continuous accumulation of analytical data in the forensic laboratory. Also, the identification of excipients and adulterants in drug samples provides a data base that can be used for intelligence purposes. Correlation of cases can provide investigative leads as well as being supporting evidence in conspiracy cases.
The Screening of Blood by Gas Chromatography for Basic and Neutral Drugs
Authors: Wells J , Cimbura G , Koves E 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The screening of urine for the presence of drugs has received considerable attention [1–3] but methods for screening blood for basic and neutral drugs have not received the same attention, with the result that the methods which are available lack sensitivity [4.5]. A system that can detect drugs at a blood level of at least 0.1 mg per 100 ml of blood (1 μg/ml) would be considered reasonable, although this sensitivity is not required for all drugs.
Shock Therapy and Psychiatric Malpractice: The Legal Accommodation to a Controversial Treatment
Authors: Krouner LW 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Medical malpractice litigation in the United States is of increasing concern to both the medical and legal professions because of the increased frequency of litigation against doctors and the increase in the dollar amount of claims. Malpractice litigation related to shock therapy, however, is of less concern now than in previous years because of the development of neuroleptics (tranquilizers), psychostimulants, and antidepressant drugs which may be used in lieu of shock therapy for treating certain mental disorders [7–11]. The development of succinylcholine dichloride (Anectine®) and ultra-short-acting barbiturates (USAB) such as methohexital sodium (Brevital®), a fast-acting general anesthetic, has also contributed to the decline in shock therapy malpractice litigation because the proper administration of these drugs can substantially reduce the complications associated with shock therapy [12–17].
The Distribution of Natural Stable Isotopes of Carbon As a Possible Tool for the Differentiation of Samples of TNT
Authors: Nissenbaum A 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Differentiating between samples of explosives of the same chemical nature by chemical or physical techniques is as yet one of the unsolved problems of forensic science. The techniques utilized, such as identification of impurities by gas chromatography [1], thin-layer chromatography [2], and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [3], were primarily employed for quality control purposes and have not so far provided an acceptable method for either identifying the manufacturer of the explosives or differentiating or correlating between samples of explosives. The failure of those techniques for this particular purpose is primarily due to partial degradation of the explosives during storage. Therefore, the original pattern of impurities may completely change with time. The present report describes a novel, and potentially useful, technique for differentiating or correlating samples of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is hardly affected by the postmanufacturing history of the explosives.
A New Serial Number Marking System Applicable to Firearms Identification
Authors: Polk DE , Giessen BC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The serial numbers of stolen or misused items are sometimes removed to prevent their identification [1]. Since these serial numbers are generally recorded on metal items by being stamped into the metal, the marking is only present on the surface and can be readily removed by filing or grinding. Such removal of the number generally does not affect the usefulness of the item, since the number is usually stamped in a noncritical region of the outer surface.