bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalar field perturbation of hairy black holes in EsGB theory
Authors: Hyun Young-Hwan , Latosh Boris , Park Miok 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate scalar field perturbations of the hairy black holes involved with spontaneous symmetry breaking of the global U(1) symmetry in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory for asymptotically flat spacetimes. We consider the mechanism that black holes without hairs become unstable at the critical point of the coupling constant and undergo a phase transition to hairy black holes in the symmetry-broken phase driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking. This transition occurs near the black hole horizon due to the diminishing influence of the Gauss-Bonnet term at infinity. To examine such process, we introduce a scalar field perturbation on the newly formed background spacetime. We solve the linearized perturbation equation using Green’s function method. We begin by solving the Green’s function, incorporating the branch cut contribution. This allows us to analytically investigate the late-time behavior of the perturbation at both spatial and null infinity. We found that the late-time behavior only differs from the Schwarzschild black hole by a mass term. We then proceed to calculate the quasinormal modes (QNMs) numerically, which arise from the presence of poles in the Green’s function. Our primary interest lies in utilizing QNMs to investigate the stability of the black hole solutions both the symmetric and symmetry-broken phases. Consistent with the prior study, our analysis shows that hairy black holes in the symmetric phase become unstable when the quadratic coupling constant exceeds a critical value for a fixed value of the quartic coupling constant. In contrast, hairy black holes in the symmetry-broken phase are always stable at the critical value. These numerical results provide strong evidence for a dynamical process that unstable black holes without hairs transition into stable hairy black holes in the symmetry-broken phase through the spontaneous symmetry breaking.
Hawking-Page and entanglement phase transition in 2d CFT on curved backgrounds
Authors: Miyata Akihiro , Nozaki Masahiro , Tamaoka Kotaro , Watanabe Masataka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The thermodynamics and the entanglement properties of two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFTs) on curved backgrounds are studied. By means of conformal mapping we study the equivalent system on flat space governed by the deformed Hamiltonian, which is a spatial integral of the Hamiltonian density modulated by an enveloping function. Focusing on holographic CFTs, we observe Hawking-Page like phase transition for the thermal and the entanglement entropy as we vary the background metric. We also compute the mutual information to study the information theoretic correlation between parts of the curved spacetime. The gravity dual of 2d CFTs on curved background is also discussed.
Radiative transitions of χcJ → ψγ and χbj → Υγ
Authors: Pei Su-Yan , Li Wei , Wang Tianhong , Wang Guo-Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the framework of instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter equation, according to the JPC of quarkonia, we find that their wave functions all contain multiple partial waves, rather than pure waves. In the radiative electromagnetic transitions χcJ→γψ and χbJ→γΥ (J = 0, 1, 2), the main wave of quarkonium gives the non-relativistic contribution, while other waves provide the relativistic corrections. Our results indicate that the relativistic effect of charmonium, especially highly excited states, is significant. Such as the relativistic effects of χcJ(2P) → γψ(1S) (J = 0, 1, 2) are {49.7%, 30.9%, 37.5%}, much larger than the corresponding {17.8%, 7.08%, 12.9%} of χbJ(2P) → γΥ(1S). The decay of χcJ(2P) → γψ can be used to distinguish between χc0(3860) and χc0(3915), which particle is the charmonium χc0(2P). Although our result of χc1(3872)→γψ(2S) is consistent with data, but the one of χc1(3872)→γψ(1S) is much larger than data, so whether χc1(3872) is the conventional χc1(2P) remains an open question. The undiscovered Υ(1D) and Υ(2D) have large production rates in decays of χb0(2P) → γΥ(1D) and χbJ(3P) → γΥ(2D) (J = 0, 1), respectively. To search for χbJ(3P) (J = 0, 1, 2), the most competitive channels are the decays χbJ(3P) → γΥ(3S). And the best way to find χb2(1F) is to search for the decay of χb2(1F) → γΥ(1D).
A coordinate-independent formalism for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves
Authors: Ratzinger Wolfram , Schenk Sebastian , Schwaller Pedro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In an external electric or magnetic field, a gravitational wave (GW) may be converted into electromagnetic radiation. We present a coordinate-invariant framework to describe the GW signal in a detector that is based on this effect, such as cavities for axion searches. In this framework, we pay special attention to the definition of manifestly coordinate-independent expressions for the electromagnetic fields that an external observer would detect. A careful assessment of the detector’s perceived motion allows us to treat both its mechanical and its electromagnetic response to the GW consistently. We further introduce well-defined approximations for which this motion may be neglected, and hence provide suggestions on which coordinate frame is suitable to characterise the GW signal in practice. We illustrate our findings in two examples, an infinitesimally thin rod and a spherical electromagnetic cavity.
Einsamkeit in Deutschland – Prävalenz, Entwicklung über die Zeit und regionale Unterschiede
Authors: Entringer Theresa M. , Stacherl Barbara 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Einsamkeit ist weitverbreitet und hat negative Folgen für die Gesundheit. Diese Studie soll die Fragen beantworten: (1) wie viele Menschen in Deutschland hocheinsam sind, (2) wie sich die Einsamkeit in Deutschland über die Zeit – insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Covid-19-Pandemie – veränderte und (3) welche regionalen Unterschiede es in der Einsamkeit in Deutschland gibt.

Methoden
Die vorliegende Studie verwendet Daten aus den Wellen 2013, 2017 und 2021 des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels, einer deutschen bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Panelstudie. Auf der Grundlage der University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA)-Einsamkeitsskala schätzen wir die Prävalenzen der Hocheinsamen. Mit Mehrebenenmodellen analysieren wir die Veränderungen der Einsamkeit von 2013 bis 2021. Schließlich erstellen wir Karten, um die regionale Verteilung der Einsamkeit in Deutschland zu illustrieren.

Ergebnisse
Rund 2 % der in Deutschland lebenden Menschen gehören zu den hocheinsamen Menschen. Dieser Anteil änderte sich auch während der Covid-19-Pandemie nicht. Allerdings stieg die mittlere Einsamkeit in Deutschland an, vor allem während der Pandemie. Gleichzeitig ändert sich auch die regionale Verteilung von Einsamkeit. Während 2013 vor allem der Osten Deutschlands von Einsamkeit betroffen war, gehören während der Pandemie vor allem Regionen im Westen Niedersachsens, Rheinland-Pfalz und Hessen zu den am stärksten von Einsamkeit betroffenen Regionen.

Diskussion
Ursachen für diese Veränderungen können sowohl in strukturellen Veränderungen der deutschen Gesellschaft in den vergangenen 10 Jahren liegen, aber auch an unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie. Da die neuesten Daten zu Einsamkeit aus 2021 stammen, bedarf es dringend weiterer Datenerhebungen, um die aktuelle Einsamkeit in Deutschland abzubilden.
Hepatoprotective effects of diosmin: a narrative review
Authors: Hassanein Emad H. M. , Althagafy Hanan S. , Baraka Mohammad A. , Amin Haitham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Liver diseases represent a formidable global health threat. Hesperidin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, is the source of diosmin (DS). The in vivo and in vitro investigations of the pharmacological effects of DS reveal that it exhibits tremendous beneficial effects, such as fighting against inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. These effects have been noticed in various disease models, emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of DS in tackling diverse pathological conditions. Interestingly, DS has promising liver-defense capabilities against a range of hepatic illnesses, such as radiation-induced hepatic injury, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, alcoholic hepatic disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Furthermore, DS demonstrates potential hepatoprotective effects against environmental toxins, such as heavy metals. DS activates PPAR-γ and Nrf2, leading to antioxidant effects that reduce oxidative stress. Moreover, DS suppresses NF-κB, NLRP3, MAPK activities, and cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-1β), resulting in inflammation suppression. These anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to the activation of PPAR-γ and Nrf2, which are NF-κB inhibitors. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the hepatoprotective capacity of DS, elucidating the underlying mechanisms and identifying several research avenues that warrant further exploration to ascertain the prospective clinical advantages of DS intake as a viable strategy for the treatment of hepatic illnesses.

Graphical Abstract
Some Strong Limit Theorems in Averaging
Authors: Kifer Yuri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper deals with the fast-slow motions setups in the discrete time $$X^{\varepsilon }((n+1){\varepsilon })=X^{\varepsilon }(n{\varepsilon })+{\varepsilon }B(X^{\varepsilon }(n{\varepsilon }),\xi (n))$$

X
ε

(

(
n
+
1
)

ε
)

=

X
ε

(
n
ε
)

+
ε
B

(

X
ε

(
n
ε
)

,
ξ

(
n
)

)

, $$n=0,1,...,[T/{\varepsilon }]$$

n
=
0
,
1
,
.
.
.
,
[
T
/
ε
]

and the continuous time $$\frac{dX^{\varepsilon }(t)}{dt}=B(X^{\varepsilon }(t),\xi (t/{\varepsilon })),\, t\in [0,T]$$

d

X
ε

(
t
)

dt

=
B

(

X
ε

(
t
)

,
ξ

(
t
/
ε
)

)

,

t
∈

[
0
,
T
]

where B is a smooth in the first variable vector function and $$\xi $$
ξ
is a sufficiently fast mixing stationary stochastic process. It is known since (Khasminskii in Theory Probab Appl 11:211–228, 1966) that if $${\bar{X}}$$

X

¯

is the averaged motion then $$G^{\varepsilon }={\varepsilon }^{-1/2}(X^{\varepsilon }-{\bar{X}})$$

G
ε

=

ε

-
1
/
2

(

X
ε

-

X

¯

)

weakly converges to a Gaussian process G. We will show that for each $${\varepsilon }$$
ε
the processes $$\xi $$
ξ
and G can be redefined on a sufficiently rich probability space without changing their distributions so that $$E\sup _{0\le t\le T}|G^{\varepsilon }(t)-G(t)|^{2\,M} =O({\varepsilon }^{{\delta }}),\,{\delta }>0$$

E

sup

0
≤
t
≤
T

|

G
ε

(
t
)

-
G

(
t
)

|

2

M

=
O

(

ε

δ

)

,

δ
>
0

which gives also $$O({\varepsilon }^{{\delta }/3})$$

O
(

ε

δ
/
3

)

Prokhorov distance estimate between the distributions of $$G^{\varepsilon }$$

G
ε

and G. This provides also convergence estimates in the Kantorovich–Rubinstein (or Wasserstein) metrics. In the product case $$B(x,\xi )={\Sigma }(x)\xi $$

B
(
x
,
ξ
)
=
Σ
(
x
)
ξ

we obtain also almost sure convergence estimates of the form $$\sup _{0\le t\le T}|G^{\varepsilon }(t)-G(t)| =O({\varepsilon }^{\delta })$$

sup

0
≤
t
≤
T

|

G
ε

(
t
)

-
G

(
t
)

|

=
O

(

ε

δ

)

a.s., as well as the Strassen’s form of the law of iterated logarithm for $$G^{\varepsilon }$$

G
ε

. We note that our mixing assumptions are adapted to fast motions generated by important classes of dynamical systems.
Gut Microbiome in Children with Congenital Heart Disease After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery (GuMiBear Study)
Authors: Koc Fatma , Magner Claire , Murphy Kiera , Kelleher Sean T. , Tan Mong H. , O’Toole Molly , Jenkins Dominic , Boyle Jordan , Lavelle Marie , Maguire Niamh , Ross Paul R. , Stanton Catherine , McMahon Colin J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiome of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) is at risk of profound alteration. The aim of this study was to examine the gut microbiome pre- and post-bypass surgery to explore potential implications of altered gut biodiversity. A prospective cohort study involving infants with CHD who underwent CPB was performed. Faecal samples were collected from infants alongside the collection of demographic and clinical data in order to examine gut microbiome changes before and after surgery. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was performed on DNA isolated from stool samples to determine changes in gut microbiome composition. Thirty-three patients were recruited, with samples from thirteen of these available for final analysis. Compared with healthy, matched controls, at a genus level, pre-operative samples for infants with CHD demonstrated a higher relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella (31% vs 2–6%) and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (13% vs 40–60%). In post-operative samples, the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella (35%), Enterococcus (11%), Akkermansia (6%), and Staphylococcus (5%) were higher than pre-op samples. One infant developed post-operative necrotising-enterocolitis (NEC). They displayed a marked abundance of the Enterococcus (93%) genus pre-operatively. This study demonstrates that infants with CHD have an altered gut microbiome when compared with healthy controls and there might be a possible link between an abundance of virulent species and NEC.
Long-term outcomes and trends in elbow arthroplasty with Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis: a retrospective study in large group of patients
Authors: Tarallo Luigi , Celli Andrea , Delvecchio Matilde , Costabile Lorenzo , Ciacca Grazia , Porcellini Giuseppe , Catani Fabio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA) was first developed to treat severe rheumatoid arthritis, but its uses have grown to encompass end-stage osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and distal humeral fractures. This study analyzes indications changes, long-term survival, complications, and post-operative functional results of the Coonrad-Morrey prostheses, enhancing the existing literature on this technique and substantial case history.

Methods
We included 122 arthroplasties in 117 patients, 28 males and 89 females (mean age of 67 years) treated in our hospital between 2002 and 2016. Minimum follow-up was four years. We collect functional parameters of 48 patients (51 elbows), due to death of patients due to old age and loss at follow-up.

Results
Survival rate at five years was 90%, 85% at 10 years and 83% at 15 years. The overall medium Mayo elbow score was 79.7 ± 18.3 with the highest result in osteoarthritis patients (p < 0.005); QuickDASH score was 33.1 ± 25.5 with the worse result in rheumatoid group. Average post-operative arc of motion (ROM) was 95°±27°. There were complications in 46 out of 122 cases (37.7%) and revision surgeries were performed in 12 of them (9.8%): seven aseptic loosening, four late septic loosening, one bushing wear. In 27 instances (22.1%) was reported ulnar nerve involvement.

Conclusion
Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis has shown satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of a wide range of pathologies. The long-term implant survivorship was satisfactory, yet the occurrence of failures and complications cannot be overlooked, above all the ulnar nerve paresthesia. There was a good recovery in quality of life, pain-free with limited residual limb disability.
Insights into dental age estimation: introducing multiple regression data from a Black South African population on modified gustafson’s criteria
Authors: Rudolphi Fabian , Steffens Laurin , Shay Denys , Smit Chané , Robinson Liam , Bernitz Herman , Schmeling Andreas , Timme Maximilian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dental Age Estimation (DAE) is an effective instrument of the rule of law for verifying dubious age claims in living individuals. Once tooth development is complete, only degenerative dental characteristics can be used for this purpose. The influence of ethnicity on these degenerative dental characteristics has not been clarified.
Degenerative changes were examined using modified Gustafson’s criteria including secondary dentin formation, cementum apposition, periodontal recession and attrition using the Olze et al. (2012) staging scales. Orthopantomograms of 1882 black South Africans, consisting of 934 females and 948 males, from 12.00 to 40.96 years of chronological age were utilized. Two independent examiners performed the evaluations, with one of the two evaluating all radiographs twice.
The relationship between individual characteristics and chronological age was analyzed using multiple regression analysis with chronological age as the dependent variable. The resulting R2 values ranged from 0.22 to 0.35, and the standard error of estimate were between 6.6 and 7.3 years. The correlation with age was consistently lower for females compared to males. The characteristic of cementum apposition emerged as critical in this population, due to a particularly low correlation with age and observer agreements partly in the “slight” range. The formula’s values for the correlation with age were in general below the literature values for other populations. Overall, the limited precision of the age estimation by the formulae presented, especially for females, must be emphasized. The question of whether ethnicity per se exerts an influence on the characteristics in question, or whether the different socio-economic status, which encompasses factors such as nutrition and healthcare, is the determining factor, needs to be assessed in future studies.
Brain region specific regulation of anandamide (down) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (up) in association with anxiety (AEA) and resilience (S1P) in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Fischer Caroline , Thomas Dominique , Gurke Robert , Tegeder Irmgard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic unpredictable and unavoidable stress is associated with mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, whereas cycles of stress and stress relief strengthen resilience. It has been suggested that increased breakdown of brain endocannabinoids (eCB) promotes a feeling of adversity. To assess the impact of stress on bioactive lipid homeostasis, we analyzed eCB, sphingolipids, and ceramides in seven brain regions and plasma in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was associated with low levels of anandamide in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in association with indicators of anxiety (elevated plus maze). Oppositely, CUMS caused elevated levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P d18:1) and sphinganine-1-phosphate (S1P d18:0) in the midbrain and thalamus, which was associated with readouts of increased stress resilience, i.e., marble burying and struggling in the tail suspension tests. In the periphery, elevated plasma levels of ceramides revealed similarities with human major depression and suggested unfavorable effects of stress on metabolism, but plasma lipids were not associated with body weight, sucrose consumption, or behavioral features of depression or anxiety. The observed brain site-specific lipid changes suggest that the forebrain succumbs to adverse stress effects while the midbrain takes up defensive adjustments.
Epidemiology and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites in fattening pig farms in northern Italy
Authors: Allievi Carolina , Valleri Marco , Zanzani Sergio Aurelio , Zanon Alessandro , Mortarino Michele , Manfredi Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Italy, pig breeding is characterised by intensive farms in which parasitic diseases often present a subclinical pattern, while being responsible for decreased animal welfare and great economic losses. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of major parasites in pigs, and, for this purpose, 880 faecal samples of fattening pigs raised in 22 intensive farms located in northern Italy were collected in two different sampling sessions, at the beginning and end of the fattening cycle. For the detection of helminth eggs and coccidian oocysts, a quantitative flotation technique was used, whereas a conventional PCR was performed to confirm the identification of cestode eggs found by copromicroscopic analysis. Moreover, data regarding herd management were collected to assess risk factors for parasite occurrence. A total of 95 samples were positive for at least one parasitic taxon (10.8%); the most detected parasite was Ascaris suum (7.6%), followed by Trichuris suis (1.7%) and Cystoisospora suis (0.9%). Further, eggs with morphometric features compatible with those of Hymenolepis diminuta were detected in 16 samples (1.8%), and the analysis of sequences confirmed the identification of cestode eggs. Statistical analysis showed that large farms and those applying the all-in/all-out system were associated with a lower risk of nematode infection. This study provided data on prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in two different times of the fattening cycle. It was evidenced that endoparasites are persistent, albeit with low prevalences, and would need specific measures to reduce their effects on both animal health and productivity.
Oncologic outcomes and survival of modern surgical approaches for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Authors: Freeman Hadley D. , Mudgway Ross , Tran Zachary , Kim Rachael , Lum Sharon S. , Namm Jukes P. , O’Leary Michael P. , Reeves Mark E. , Wu Esther , Caba Molina David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies have demonstrated comparable outcomes between laparoscopic and open resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). We sought to compare outcomes among robotic, laparoscopic, and open resection of gastric GIST in the era of expanding minimally invasive surgery.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of adult patients with gastric GIST undergoing definitive surgery using the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2020, excluding cases converted to open. Patients were stratified into minimally invasive surgery (MIS), (combined robotic (R) and laparoscopic (L)), and open (O). Hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and margin status were assessed. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate outcomes between R and L cohorts. Entropy balancing was used to adjust for intergroup differences. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were used to compare unadjusted 5-year survival.

Results
Of the 15,022 patients (R = 10.4%, L = 44.3%, O = 45.3%), 63.2% were stage I and 70.6% underwent partial gastrectomy. MIS approach was associated with shorter hospital LOS (β: − 2.58; 95% CI: − 2.82 to − 2.33) and lower odds of 30-day (OR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.30–0.68) and 90-day mortality (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39–0.74) compared to O. Likelihood of R0 resection similar between groups (OR 1.00; 95% CI: 0.88–1.14). Hospital LOS (β: + 0.25; 95% CI: − 0.14–0.64), odds of 30-day (OR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.40–2.46) and 90-day mortality (OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.47–1.70), and rate of R0 resection (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 0.82–1.27) were comparable between R and L cohorts. Compared to O, MIS approach was associated with improved 5-year OS (log rank p < 0.001). Overall survival was not significantly different between R and L (log rank p = 0.44).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that MIS approach may be considered for resection of gastric GIST in select patients. Among patients receiving an MIS approach, the robotic technique can be considered an oncologically safe alternative to laparoscopic surgery.

Graphical Abstract