bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial relationship between NSCs/NPCs and microvessels in rat brain along prenatal and postnatal development
Authors: Jiao Qian , Xie Wu‐ling , Wang Yuan‐yuan , Chen Xin‐lin , Yang Peng‐bo , Zhang Peng‐bo , Tan Jing , Lu Hai‐xia , Liu Yong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNeurogenesis and angiogenesis are two parallel processes that occur in brain development and repair, and so share some molecular signals. In order to better understand the interaction between the genesis of neural cells and vessels during brain development, the density of microvessels and the number of nestin positive neural stem/neural progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) around microvasculature in various brain regions was quantified. Results showed that the density of microvessels remained at a relative low level during embryonic development and dramatically increased after postnatal day 3 (P3), especially in subventricular zone. The number of nestin positive NSCs/NPCs per microvessel in neurogenic brain regions continually increased with fetal brain development and then gradually dropped down during postnatal development. The highest density of NSCs/NPCs appeared at postnatal day 1 (P1) and dramatically decreased after P3. Similar pattern was observed in striatum. In the olfactory bulb, the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, the dramatic decrease of NSCs/NPCs density appeared after P7, especially in the cerebral cortex. Our results demonstrated that anatomically, the spatial relationship between NSCs/NPCs and microvessels changed during brain development. The alteration patterns in neurogenic brain regions differed from non‐neurogenic brain regions.
On the existence of maximizing measures for irreducible countable Markov shifts: a dynamical proof
Authors: BISSACOT RODRIGO , DOS SANTOS FREIRE RICARDO 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe prove that if ${\Sigma }_{\mathbf{A} } ( \mathbb{N} )$ is an irreducible Markov shift space over $ \mathbb{N} $ and $f: {\Sigma }_{\mathbf{A} } ( \mathbb{N} )\rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ is coercive with bounded variation then there exists a maximizing probability measure for $f$, whose support lies on a Markov subshift over a finite alphabet. Furthermore, the support of any maximizing measure is contained in this same compact subshift. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proof beyond the finitely primitive case in the general irreducible non-compact setting. It is also noteworthy that our technique works for the full shift over positive real sequences.
EXISTENCE OF ALMOST SPLIT SEQUENCES VIA REGULAR SEQUENCES
Authors: ESHRAGHI HOSSEIN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLet $(R, \mathfrak{m})$ be a Cohen–Macaulay complete local ring. We will apply an inductive argument to show that for every nonprojective locally projective maximal Cohen–Macaulay object $ \mathcal{X} $ of the morphism category of $R$ with local endomorphism ring, there exists an almost split sequence ending in $ \mathcal{X} $. Regular sequences are exploited to reduce the Krull dimension of $R$ on which the inductive argument is established. Moreover, the Auslander–Reiten translate of certain objects is described.
The effects of native whey and α-lactalbumin on the social and individual behaviour of C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Vekovischeva O. Yu , Peuhkuri K. , Bäckström P. , Sihvola N. , Pilvi T. , Korpela R. 
Published: March 2013

Milk proteins are the main components of everyday feeding and demonstrate a promising potential to change the mental condition. However, the effects of milk proteins after prolonged use remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two whey proteins (α-lactalbumin (α-lac) and native whey) with casein on social and individual behaviour in mice. During a 30 d-long dietary intervention, male C57BL/6J mice had ad libitum access to an experimental diet containing 17 % (w/w) of one of three protein sources: α-lac, native whey or casein. Mice had voluntary access to a running wheel. Social behaviour (group and resident–intruder activity) was tested at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Half of each dietary group was then withdrawn from the diet and running wheel for 7 d, and social activity and individual behaviour tests (open field, elevated-plus maze, light–dark box and forced swimming) were performed, to evaluate anxiety and depression-like status. The study shows that the long-term ingestion of whey proteins may modulate behaviour when compared with casein. Diet enriched with α-lac exhibited anxiolytic and antidepressive activities while the whey diet improved sociability. The differences between the diet groups were pronounced under the running wheel and the withdrawal of the experimental diet, suggesting that the beneficial effects of the milk proteins are clearer in stressful situations. Diet-induced behavioural changes remained visible for a week after feeding, which suggests that the proteins of the milk whey fraction have prolonged efficacy on the mental state of mice.
Endogenous plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 following acute dietary fibre consumption
Authors: Bodinham Caroline L. , Al-Mana Najlaa M. , Smith Leanne , Robertson M. Denise 
Published: March 2013

SCFA resulting from the microbial fermentation of carbohydrates have been linked to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion from the gastrointestinal tract in cell and animal models; however, there is little direct evidence in human subjects to confirm this. The present study was designed to investigate whether endogenous plasma GLP-1 concentrations increase following acute consumption of 48 g dietary fibre (as resistant starch (RS) from high-amylose maize type 2 RS (HAM-RS2)) compared with a matched placebo. A total of thirty healthy males participated in the present randomised cross-over study where HAM-RS2 or placebo was consumed as part of standardised breakfast and lunch meals. Changes to GLP-1, glucose, insulin and C-peptide were assessed half hourly for 7 h. Following the breakfast meal, plasma GLP-1 concentrations were lower with HAM-RS2 compared with the placebo (P =0·025). However, there was no significant difference between the supplements following the lunch meal. Plasma insulin concentrations were significantly lower following the lunch meal (P =0·034) with HAM-RS2 than with the placebo, but were not different after breakfast. Plasma glucose and C-peptide concentrations did not differ at any point. These results suggest that increased dietary fibre intake, in the form of HAM-RS2, does not acutely increase endogenous GLP-1 concentrations in human subjects. Further fibre feeding studies are required to determine whether GLP-1 concentrations may increase following longer-term consumption.
Metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea) in European newts Triturus carnifex and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: Caffara M. , Bruni G. , Paoletti C. , Gustinelli A. , Fioravanti M.L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAdults of Clinostomum spp. are digenetic trematodes found in fish-eating birds, reptiles and occasionally mammals, including humans. Freshwater snails serve as first intermediate hosts and many fish species and amphibians as second intermediate hosts. To date, amphibian hosts of Clinostomum metacercariae include members of urodele and anuran families in North America, but no data are available on infections of European amphibians, including newts. In this study, we characterize infections of Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae in four smooth (Lissotriton vulgaris) and 18 Italian crested newts (Triturus carnifex) from an artificial pond located in a protected area in Tuscany, Italy. Parasites were surgically removed from the infected newts and identified both morphologically and using sequences of a mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase I, and the ribosomal markers, internal transcribed spacers. This is the first record of C. complanatum in European newts and, more generally, in amphibians in Europe.
Combined treatment with benznidazole and allopurinol in mice infected with a virulentTrypanosoma cruziisolate from Nicaragua
Authors: GROSSO NOELIA L. , ALARCON MICAELA LOPEZ , BUA JAQUELINE , LAUCELLA SUSANA A. , RIARTE ADELINA , FICHERA LAURA E. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYWe evaluated the effect of chemotherapy with a sequential combined treatment of a low dose of benznidazole and allopurinol, in different schedules of administration, in experimental models of acute and chronicTrypanosoma cruziinfection. Mice were infected with NicaraguaT. cruziisolate, a virulent parasite from an endemic area of Nicaragua, genotyped asTcI (Grossoet al. 2010). We assessed survival rate, IgG levels, histopathological studies and quantified parasitaemia. A 15% survival rate was recorded in untreated mice during the acute phase ofT. cruziinfection. Allopurinol administered immediately after benznidazole treatment was able to reduce parasitaemia and attenuate tissue damage by reducing inflammation.Trypanosoma cruzi-specific antibodies also decreased in 40–50% of the treated mice. The addition of allopurinol during the chronic phase showed the highest beneficial effect, not only by reducing parasitaemia but also by lowering the degree of inflammation and fibrosis.
The Temporal Present
Authors: Valberg J.J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt is easy to have about the temporal present, the time that is now, thoughts that seem both true and impossible. E.g., ‘Now is the time that matters'. We may reflect that this is not just true but that ‘it is always like that', that is: now is always the time that matters. Yet here we seem to be generalizing the ascription to the temporal present of a property that claims uniqueness, viz., being the time that matters. The present paper explores, in the case of the temporal present, the meaning and implications of this kind of impossible generalisation.
Response, remission and drop-out rates following high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trials
Authors: Berlim M. T. , van den Eynde F. , Tovar-Perdomo S. , Daskalakis Z. J. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundMeta-analyses have shown that high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has antidepressant properties when compared with sham rTMS. However, its overall response and remission rates in major depression (MD) remain unclear. Thus, we have systematically and quantitatively assessed the efficacy of HF-rTMS for MD based on randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trials (RCTs).MethodWe searched the literature from 1995 through to July 2012 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. We used a random-effects model, odds ratios (ORs) and the number needed to treat (NNT).ResultsData from 29 RCTs were included, totaling 1371 subjects with MD. Following approximately 13 sessions, 29.3% and 18.6% of subjects receiving HF-rTMS were classified as responders and remitters, respectively (compared with 10.4% and 5% of those receiving sham rTMS). The pooled OR was 3.3 (p < 0.0001) for both response and remission rates (with associated NNTs of 6 and 8, respectively). Furthermore, we found HF-rTMS to be equally effective as an augmentation strategy or as a monotherapy for MD, and when used in samples with primary unipolar MD or in mixed samples with unipolar and bipolar MD. Also, alternative stimulation parameters were not associated with differential efficacy estimates. Moreover, baseline depression severity and drop-out rates at study end were comparable between the HF-rTMS and sham rTMS groups. Finally, heterogeneity between the included RCTs was not statistically significant.ConclusionsHF-rTMS seems to be associated with clinically relevant antidepressant effects and with a benign tolerability profile.
Neuroaesthetics: Range and restrictions
Authors: Chatterjee Anjan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBullot & Reber (B&R) should be commended for highlighting tensions between scientific aesthetics and art history. The question of how each tradition can learn from the other is timely. While I am sympathetic to their views, their diagnosis of the problem appears exaggerated and their solution partial. They underestimate the reach of scientific aesthetics while failing to identify its inherent restrictions.
Art appreciation and aesthetic feeling as objects of explanation
Authors: Hogan Patrick Colm 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe target article presents a thought-provoking approach to the relation of neuroscience and art. However, at least two issues pose potential difficulties. The first concerns whether “art appreciation” is a coherent topic for scientific study. The second concerns the degree to which processing fluency can explain aesthetic feeling or may simply be one component of a more complex account.
Acknowledging the diversity of aesthetic experiences: Effects of style, meaning, and context
Authors: Leder Helmut 
Published: March 2013

AbstractArt can be experienced in numerous ways, ranging from sensory pleasure to elaborated ways of finding meaning (Leder et al. 2004). However, rather ignored by Bullot & Reber (B&R), in empirical aesthetics several lines of research have studied how knowledge of artistic style, descriptive and elaborate information, expertise, and context all affect aesthetic experiences from art. Limiting aesthetics to rather rare experiences unnecessarily narrows the scope of a science of art.
The duality of art: Body and soul
Authors: Newman George E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBullot & Reber (B&R) make a strong case for the role of causal reasoning in the appreciation of artwork. Although I agree that an artistic design stance is important for art appreciation, I suggest that it is a subset of a more general framework for evaluating artworks as the causal extensions of individuals, which includes inferences about the creator's mind, as well as more physical notions of essence.
Context, causality, and appreciation
Authors: Ross Stephanie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractI applaud and elaborate on the contextualism at the heart of Bullot & Reber's (B&R's) theory, challenge two aspects of the appreciative structure they posit (the causal reasoning that allegedly underlies the design stance and the segregation of the component stages), suggest that expert and novice appreciators operate differently, and question the degree to which B&R's final theory is open to empirical investigation.
A bridge too far: From basic exposure to understanding in artistic experience
Authors: Schellekens Elisabeth 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the context of a broad welcome to Bullot & Reber's (B&R's) proposals concerning the incorporation of contextual awareness into the study of the psychology of art appreciation, I raise two concerns. First, the proposal makes no allowance for degrees of relevance of contextual awareness to appreciation. Second, the authors assume that “basic exposure” and “artistic understanding” can be maintained as separate phases or modes, but this may be more problematic than anticipated.
Aesthetic meanings and aesthetic emotions: How historical and intentional knowledge expand aesthetic experience
Authors: Silvia Paul J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis comment proposes that Bullot & Reber's (B&R's) emphasis on historical and intentional knowledge expands the range of emotions that can be properly viewed as aesthetic states. Many feelings, such as anger, contempt, shame, confusion, and pride, come about through complex aesthetic meanings, which integrate conceptual knowledge, beliefs about the work and the artist's intentions, and the perceiver's goals and values.
Bridging two worlds that care about art: Psychological and historical approaches to art appreciation
Authors: Thompson William Forde , Antliff Mark 
Published: March 2013

AbstractArt appreciation often involves contemplation beyond immediate perceptual experience. However, there are challenges to incorporating such processes into a comprehensive theory of art appreciation. Can appreciation be captured in the responses to individual artworks? Can all forms of contemplation be defined? What properties of artworks trigger contemplation? We argue that such questions are fundamental to a psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation, and we suggest research that may assist in refining this framework.
Psychological and neural responses to art embody viewer and artwork histories
Authors: Vartanian Oshin , Kaufman James C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe research programs of empirical aesthetics and neuroaesthetics have reflected deep concerns about viewers' sensitivities to artworks' historical contexts by investigating the impact of two factors on art perception: viewers' developmental (and educational) histories and the contextual histories of artworks. These considerations are consistent with data demonstrating that art perception is underwritten by dynamically reconfigured and evolutionarily adapted neural and psychological mechanisms.
On the Bourbaki–Witt principle in toposes
Authors: BAUER ANDREJ , LUMSDAINE PETER LEFANU 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Bourbaki–Witt principle states that any progressive map on a chain-complete poset has a fixed point above every point. It is provable classically, but not intuitionistically.We study this and related principles in an intuitionistic setting. Among other things, we show that Bourbaki–Witt fails exactly when the trichotomous ordinals form a set, but does not imply that fixed points can always be found by transfinite iteration. Meanwhile, on the side of models, we see that the principle fails in realisability toposes, and does not hold in the free topos, but does hold in all cocomplete toposes.
The body of Christ—An Intersubjective Interpretation
Authors: Bracken Joseph A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this essay the author rethinks the provocative remarks of Karl Rahner about the overall symbolic character of reality in his essay “The Theology of Symbol.” While conceding the inevitable differences in perspective between a Thomistic metaphysics of Being and process-relational philosophy, the author explains how Rahner's “theses” on symbolism likewise make good sense within the context of his own process-oriented metaphysics of intersubjectivity as developed in previous publications. Then he applies this Rahnerian/neo-Whiteheadian scheme to the analysis and explanation of Christian belief in the Incarnation of the Divine Word in the human nature of Jesus, the Real Presence of the risen Christ in the Eucharist, and the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ.
The Spirit and Religious Pluralism
Authors: Hodgson Peter C. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT“Spirit” is a more universally available religious symbol than “Christ,” found in various forms in most of the religions of the world. It helps to open Christian theology to a genuine religious pluralism, and, in the framework of the doctrine of the Trinity, provides a Christian way of construing this pluralism, relating it to the purposes, activity, and being of God. The pneumatic Trinitarianism proposed in this essay contrasts with the christocentric Trinitarianism recommended by advocates of an inclusivist theology of religions. The concrete incarnation of God in Christ is not lost but placed in a larger context. The Spirit proceeds not just from Christ but from the interaction of God and the world, including a diversity of religious figures and practices. The idea that a theology of the Spirit might serve as the basis of a pluralist theology of religions is tested by looking at the modalities of Spirit that are present in Hinduism and Buddhism, and that enrich a Christian understanding of the Spirit.
John Paul II's Use of Scripture in His Moral Teaching
Authors: Curran Charles E. 
Published: March 2013

The celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the College Theology Society naturally turns our focus to what has transpired in these fifty years. In terms of Roman Catholic theology, the two most significant historical realities are the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) and the now twenty-five-year pontificate of John Paul II as Bishop of Rome.In my discipline of moral theology, Vatican II and its document on the training of priests called for the renewal of moral theology with a special emphasis on its Scriptural bases. “Special care is to be taken for the improvement of moral theology. Its scientific presentation, drawing more fully on the teaching of holy Scripture should highlight the lofty vocation of the Christian faithful and their obligation to bring forth fruit and charity for the life of the world.”John Paul II as pope has written and taught extensively in the area of morality. In the light of the Vatican II mandate to renew moral theology through a greater appreciation of its scriptural roots and bases, this essay will critically evaluate John Paul II's use of scripture in his teaching on morality.
Options for the Poor in Twelfth and Thirteenth-Century Europe
Authors: O'Brien Thomas 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis essay uses the lens of the “preferential option for the poor” to examine the unprecedented turn to poverty by religious movements in late twelfth and early thirteenth-century Western Europe. Three movements are selected from the many and various movements espousing poverty: theHumiliati, the Waldensians, and the Franciscans. TheHumiliatideveloped a communal lifestyle that, in key ways, reflected the emerging urban working class. The Waldensians embraced a radical poverty that rejected all forms of property, but they were progressively marginalized from Catholicism and eventually became targets of the Inquisition. The Franciscans adopted a very similar sort of radical poverty, but their communities ultimately would be assimilated into mainstream Catholicism. The essay places these movements into a dialogue with the contemporary notion of the “preferential option for the poor” in order to discover the ways they might inform and illuminate one another.
After Church History? Writing the History of Christianity from a Global Perspective
Authors: Kollman Paul V. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTRecent efforts to write the global history of Christianity respond to demographic changes in Christianity and use “global” in three ways. First, “global” suggests efforts at more comprehensive historical retrieval, especially to place the beginnings of Christian communities not within mission history but within the church history in those areas. Second, “global” can refer to the broader comparative perspectives on Christianity's history, especially the history of religions. Finally, “global” can indicate attempts to retell the entire Christian story from a self-consciously worldwide perspective. Recent works also raise new theological and pragmatic challenges to the discipline of church history.