bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vegetarian diets on zinc status: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies in humans
Authors: Foster Meika , Chu Anna , Petocz Peter , Samman Samir 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPlant‐based diets contain less saturated fat and cholesterol and more folate, fibre and phytochemicals than omnivorous diets, but some micronutrients, especially zinc, are poorly bioavailable. The findings of studies exploring the zinc intake and zinc status in populations that habitually consume vegetarian diets are inconsistent. This study aims to investigate the effects of plant‐based diets on dietary zinc intake and status in humans using systematic review and meta‐analysis techniques. Thirty‐four studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 26 studies (reporting 48 comparisons) compared males and/or females consuming vegetarian diets with non‐vegetarian groups and were included in meta‐analyses. Dietary zinc intakes and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower (−0.88 ± 0.15 mg day−1, P < 0.001 and −0.93 ± 0.27 µmol L−1, P = 0.001 respectively; mean ± standard error) in populations that followed habitual vegetarian diets compared with non‐vegetarians. Secondary analyses showed greater impact of vegetarian diets on the zinc intake and status of females, vegetarians from developing countries and vegans. Populations that habitually consume vegetarian diets have low zinc intakes and status. Not all vegetarian categories impact zinc status to the same extent, but a lack of consistency in defining vegetarian diets for research purposes makes dietary assessment difficult. Dietary practices that increase zinc bioavailability, the consumption of foods fortified with zinc or low‐dose supplementation are strategies that should be considered for improving the zinc status of vegetarians with low zinc intakes or serum zinc concentrations at the lower end of the reference range. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Plasma stearoyl‐CoA desaturase indices: Association with lifestyle, diet, and body composition
Authors: Vinknes Kathrine J. , Elshorbagy Amany K. , Nurk Eha , Drevon Christian A. , Gjesdal Clara G. , Tell Grethe S. , Nygård Ottar , Vollset Stein E. , Refsum Helga 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase‐1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in fatty acid and energy metabolism. Increased hepatic SCD1 activity is associated with obesity and obesity‐related diseases. We examined the relations of two plasma SCD activity indices (16:1n‐7/16:0, 18:1n‐9/18:0) with body composition, and the association of lifestyle and dietary variables with the plasma SCD indices.Design and Methods:This population‐based, cross‐sectional study of 2021 elderly (71–74 y) men and women from the Hordaland Health Study in Western Norway was conducted using a validated food frequency questionnaire, body composition measurements by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and determination of the plasma fatty acid profile.Results:In multivariate regression analyses, plasma SCD indices were positively associated with BMI and body fat (P < 0.001 for both). From the 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of plasma SCD‐16 and SCD‐18 indices, fat mass differed by about 8 kg and 5 kg, respectively. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids were negatively associated with SCD‐16 (partial r = −0.30) and SCD‐18 (partial r = −0.24) (P < 0.001 for both). Alcohol intake was positively associated with SCD‐16 (partial r = 0.26) and SCD‐18 (partial r = 0.16) (P < 0.001 for both), whereas coffee consumption and physical activity were inversely associated with SCD‐16 (P = 0.026 and P = 0.006, respectively) and SCD‐18 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively).Conclusions:In this elderly population, plasma markers of SCD1 activity are associated with increased adiposity. Furthermore, modifiable dietary habits and lifestyle are associated with plasma SCD indices. These results suggest that SCD1 activity may be a promising target for weight control.
Influence of body mass index on the choice of therapy for depression and follow‐up care
Authors: Boudreau Denise M. , Arterburn David , Bogart Andy , Haneuse Sebastien , Theis Mary Kay , Westbrook Emily , Simon Greg 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Overweight and obese patients commonly suffer from depression and choice of depression therapy may alter weight. We conducted a cohort study to investigate whether obesity is associated with treatment choices for depression; and whether obesity is associated with appropriate duration of depression treatment and receipt of follow‐up visits.Design and Methods:Adults with a diagnosis of depression between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2010 who had 1+ new episodes of an antidepressant medication and/or psychotherapy were eligible. Medication use, encounters, diagnoses, height, and weight were collected from health plan databases. We modeled receipt of the different therapies (medication and psychotherapy) by BMI and BMI trajectory during the 9‐months prior to initiation of therapy using logistic regression models that accommodated correlation within provider and adjusted for covariates. We modeled BMI via a restricted cubic spline. Fluoxetine was the reference treatment option in the medication models.Results:Lower BMI was associated with greater use of mirtazapine, and a declining BMI prior to treatment was associated with greater odds of initiating mirtazapine and paroxetine. Higher BMI was associated with greater odds of initiating bupropion even after adjustment for smoking status. Obese patients were less likely to receive psychotherapy and less likely to receive appropriate duration (180‐days) of depression treatment compared to normal weight subjects.Conclusions:Our study provides evidence that BMI is considered when choosing therapy but associations were weak. Our results should prompt discussion about recommending and choosing depression treatment plans that optimize depression care and weight management concurrently. Differences in care and follow‐up by BMI warrant additional research.
Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase mRNA expression is related to human obesity
Authors: Heiker John T. , Kern Matthias , Kosacka Joanna , Flehmig Gesine , Stumvoll Michael , Shang Edward , Lohmann Tobias , Dreßler Miriam , Kovacs Peter , Blüher Matthias , Klöting Nora 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:A spontaneous deletion in the nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene eliminating exons 7‐11 in C57BL/6J (B6J) mice is associated with reduced glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in vitro, impaired glucose tolerance, higher epigonadal fat mass, and altered susceptibility to diet induced obesity of male B6J mice was proposed. A potential implication for NNT in human adipose tissue distribution has not been investigated so far.Design and Methods:Therefore, NNT mRNA expression in paired human samples of visceral (vis) and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue from 221 subjects with a wide range of body mass index (BMI), insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance was analyzed.Results:NNT mRNA expression is significantly higher in visceral fat of obese patients and correlates with body weight, BMI, % body fat, visceral and sc fat area, waist and hip circumference, and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed visceral NNT expression as age and gender independent predictor of BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat area, and % body fat, but not FPI and 2 h OGTT glucose.Conclusion:In conclusion, a functional relevance of NNT in the development of human obesity and visceral fat distribution was suggested here.
Reliable change in depression during behavioral weight loss treatment among women with major depression
Authors: Busch Andrew M. , Whited Matthew C. , Appelhans Bradley M. , Schneider Kristin L. , Waring Molly E. , DeBiasse Michele A. , Oleski Jessica L. , Crawford Sybil L. , Pagoto Sherry L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective: Although behavioral weight loss interventions generally have been shown to improve depressive symptoms, little is known as to whether some people with major depressive disorder experience worsening of depression during a weight loss intervention.Design and Methods: Rates and predictors of change in depression symptoms among 148 obese women with major depressive disorder who participated in a trial comparing depression treatment plus behavioral weight loss treatment (Behavioral Activation; BA) to behavioral weight loss treatment alone (Lifestyle Intervention; LI) were examined. A statistically reliable change in depression was calculated as ≥9 points on the Beck Depression Inventory in this sample.Results: At 6 months, 73% of participants in BA and 54% of participants in LI showed reliable improvement in depression symptoms and 1.5% of participants in BA and 1.3% of participants in LI showed reliable worsening in depression symptoms. Rates of reliable change were similar at 12 months. Participants who experienced reliable improvement in depression lost significantly more weight than those who did not in both conditions. In the LI condition, baseline psychiatric variables and change in physical activity during treatment were also related to reliable improvement in depression.Conclusion: No evidence for an iatrogenic effect of behavioral weight loss treatment on depressive symptoms among obese women with major depressive disorder was detected; rather, behavioral weight loss treatment appears to be associated with significant concurrent improvement in depression. Even greater rates of reliable improvement were observed when depression treatment was added to weight loss treatment.
Evaluating the impact of point‐ of‐care decision support tools in improving diagnosis of obese children in primary care
Authors: Ayash Christine R. , Simon Steven R. , Marshall Richard , Kasper Jill , Chomitz Virginia , Hacker Karen , Kleinman Ken P. , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to examine the effect of a computerized point‐of‐care alert with clinical decision support on the rates of diagnosis of childhood obesity in a multisite group practice in Massachusetts; Cambridge Health Alliance (CHA) which implemented an alert, relative to a separate group practice, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates (HVMA), that did not.Design and Methods:Height and weight data from 19,466 children of 2‐18 years with 34,908 well‐child care visits in CHA and 123,446 children with 282,271 visits in HVMA between 2006 and 2008 were collected. The alert and decision support tool was activated for CHA patients with an age‐ and sex‐specific body mass index of ≥95th percentile. The main outcome measure was documentation of an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD‐9] code for obesity before and after implementation of the alert at CHA in 2007.Results:Among obese children, the adjusted rate of an ICD‐9 diagnosis of obesity increased from 2006‐2007 to 2008 significantly more at CHA than at HVMA (P < 0.001 for time‐by‐provider group interaction). In 2006‐2007, the rate of ICD‐9 diagnosis of obesity was significantly lower at CHA than at HVMA (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52‐0.62); but by 2008 was significantly higher at CHA than HVMA (adjusted OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.14‐1.38).Conclusion:A point‐of‐care alert was effective in improving obesity diagnosis in a multisite group practice, relative to a separate group practice that did not adopt an alert. Clinical decision support tools could help improve obesity diagnosis in pediatric primary care.
Body adiposity index assess body fat with high accuracy in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Silva Maria Inês B. , Vale Barbara S. , Lemos Carla C.S. , Torres Marcia R.S.G. , Bregman Rachel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:High body fat (BF) is an alarming condition that also affects nondialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Distinct methods are used to evaluate BF; however, in CKD population it remains unclear which one is more reliable showing high accuracy. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), used as reference method to estimate adiposity, is expensive and time consuming to be applied in clinical settings. Recently, a new body adiposity index (BAI), that estimates BF from easily accessible measures, was validated in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate which simple and practical method, routinely used to estimate BF, shows the highest accuracy compared with DXA, in nondialyzed CKD patients.Design and Methods:In this cross‐sectional study BF was estimated by DXA, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometry (ANTHRO), and BAI. Serum leptin levels were determined.Results:Studied patients (n = 134) were 55% males, 54% overweight/obese, and 64.9 ± 12.5 years old, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) = 29.0 ± 12.7 ml/min. The correlation coefficient was higher between DXA vs. ANTHRO (r = 0.76) and BAI (r = 0.61) than with BIA (r = 0.57), after adjusting for gender, age, and eGFR (P < 0.0001). Therefore, the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots were performed to measure the accuracy (C_b) between DXA with both ANTHRO and BAI. A higher accuracy (C_b = 0.82) and lower mean difference (−3.4%) was observed for BAI than for ANTHRO (C_b = 0.61; −8.4%). Leptin levels correlated (P < 0.0001) with DXA (r = 0.56) and BAI (r = 0.59).Conclusions:These findings suggest that BAI estimates BF with high accuracy in nondialyzed CKD patients and may be helpful in the treatment of this population with increased BF.
SAXS investigation of structure–property relationship of polypropylene/montmorillonite composites during load cycling
Authors: Zeinolebadi Ahmad , Stribeck Norbert , Vuluga Zina , Schloen Christoph , Botta Stephan , Sari Morteza Ganjaee 
Published: April 2013

Polypropylene (PP) can hardly be reinforced by the layered silicate montmorillonite (MMT), but the material fatigue appears somewhat reduced. The probable reason is amplified competitive nucleation of the PP by MMT component. Utilizing small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) from synchrotron, we investigate the nanostructure evolution of the PP in straining experiments from neat PP and compatibilized composite materials. The compatibilizer is a styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene copolymer (SEBS). Oriented injection‐molded test bars are studied.The discrete SAXS probes variations of sizes and distances among those crystalline domains that are not placed at random. Crystallite dimensions and distances are documented for modeling purposes. The nanoscopic strain is computed from the distance variation and compared with the macroscopic strain. Differences between macroscopic and nanoscopic strain are observed. They require postulating regions with statistical placement of crystallites (poorly arranged region, PAR) in addition to the SAXS‐probed well‐arranged semi‐crystalline entities (WAE). The extensibility of WAEs must be different from that of the PARs. In neat PP, the observed WAEs are well developed and stronger than the PARs. In the composites, the WAEs are made from thin and less extended crystalline domains. They are weaker than the PARs that appear reinforced. Thus, enclosing each MMT layer a PAR is formed, and the WAEs generated farther away remain imperfect. Consequently, in the composites, the narrow crystalline domains from the WAEs do not break into even smaller pieces, and the fatigue of the composites is lower than that of the neat PP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profiling of serrated polyps identifies annexin A10 as a marker of a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp
Authors: Gonzalo David Hernandez , Lai Keith K , Shadrach Bonnie , Goldblum John R , Bennett Ana E , Downs‐Kelly Erinn , Liu Xiuli , Henricks Walter , Patil Deepa T , Carver Paula , Na Jie , Gopalan Banu , Rybicki Lisa , Pai Rish K 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) are precursors of colon cancer, particularly those that exhibit microsatellite instability. Distinguishing SSA/Ps from the related, but innocuous, microvesicular hyperplastic polyp (MVHP) can be challenging. In this study seven gastrointestinal pathologists reviewed 109 serrated polyps and identified 60 polyps with histological consensus. Microarray analysis was performed on six distal consensus MVHPs < 9 mm, six proximal consensus SSA/Ps > 9 mm, and six normal colon biopsies (three proximal, three distal). Comparative gene expression analysis confirmed the close relationship between SSA/Ps and MVHPs as there was overlapping expression of many genes. However, the gene expression profile in SSA/Ps had stronger and more numerous associations with cancer‐related genes compared with MVHPs. Three genes (TFF2, FABP6, and ANXA10) were identified as candidates whose expression can differentiate SSA/Ps from MVHPs, and the differences in expression were confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. As ANXA10 showed the most promise in differentiating these polyps, the expression of ANXA10 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in consensus SSA/Ps (n = 26), MVHPs (n = 21), and normal colon (n = 9). Immunohistochemical expression of ANXA10 was not identified in separate samples of normal colon or in the normal colonic epithelium adjacent to the serrated polyps. Consistent with the microarray and quantitative RT‐PCR experiments, immunohistochemical expression of ANXA10 was markedly increased in SSA/Ps compared to MVHPs (p < 0.0001). An ANXA10 score ≥ 3 has a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 95% in the diagnosis of an SSA/P. In conclusion, we show that SSA/Ps and MVHPs have significant overlap in gene expression, but also important differences, particularly in cancer‐related pathways. Expression of ANXA10 may be a potential marker of the serrated pathway to colon cancer. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication, electrical and optical properties of silver, indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO) nanostructure arrays
Authors: Khosroabadi Akram A. , Gangopadhyay Palash , Duong Binh , Thomas Jayan , Sigdel Ajaya K. , Berry Joseph J. , Gennett Thomas , Peyghambarian N. , Norwood Robert A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn thin film devices such as light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells and field‐effect transistors, the processes of charge injection, charge transport, charge recombination, separation and collection are critical to performance. Most of these processes are relevant to nanoscale metal and metal oxide electrode–organic material interfacial phenomena. In this report we present a unique method for creating tailored one‐dimensional nanostructured silver, tin and/or zinc substituted indium oxide electrode structures over large areas. The method allows production of high aspect ratio nanoscale structures with feature sizes below 100 nm and a large range of dimensional tunability. We observed that both the electronic and optical properties of these electrodes are closely correlated to the nanostructure dimensions and can be easily tuned by control of the feature size. Surface area enhancement accurately describes the conductivity studies, while nanostructure dependent optical properties highlight the quasi‐plasmonic nature of the electrodes. Optimization of the nanostructured electrode transparency and conductivity for specific opto‐electronic systems is expected to provide improvement in device performance.
Electronic, dielectric, and optical properties of the B phase of niobium pentoxide and tantalum pentoxide by first‐principles calculations
Authors: Pérez‐Walton Santiago , Valencia‐Balvín Camilo , Dalpian Gustavo M. , Osorio‐Guillén Jorge M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report a theoretical study of the electronic structure and optical properties of the B phase of niobium pentoxide (B‐Nb2O5) and tantalum pentoxide (B‐Ta2O5) by means of first‐principle calculations. We have used density functional theory along with the revised Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBEsol) exchange‐correlation functional and the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functional. It has been found that these compounds are indirect wide‐gap semiconductors, the calculated gaps for B‐Nb2O5 (B‐Ta2O5) are and  eV. We have also calculated the frequency‐dependent and static dielectric tensor, the refraction index and the transmittance. The calculated average static dielectric constants of B‐Nb2O5 (B‐Ta2O5) are 33.7 (30.9), in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Effects of chemical pretreatments on the hydrogen isotope composition of 2:1 clay minerals
Authors: VanDeVelde Justin H. , Bowen Gabriel J. 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEClays are a commonly occurring authigenic mineral within soils, and the hydrogen isotope ratios of their structural hydroxyl groups can serve as a useful environmental proxy. Chemical and physical treatments are necessary to eliminate contaminating materials from clays, but they have the potential to alter their isotopic composition.METHODSSeveral pure, commonly occurring 2:1 clay mineralogies were treated with typical chemical procedures for the removal of carbonates, organic matter, and amorphous hydroxides. Samples were heated under vacuum to remove the adsorbed and interlayer water that occurs universally in natural clays. The samples were then analyzed for hydrogen content and isotope ratios through thermal conversion elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TC‐EA/IRMS).RESULTSNo effects on hydrogen composition were found for most of the analyzed mineralogies. Smectite samples showed significant alteration following treatments for carbonate and organic matter. In addition, the smectites showed variable levels of hydrogen exchange with isotopically labeled H2O.CONCLUSIONSSmectites show significant and highly variable alteration following common chemical treatments, and analysis for paleoclimate reconstruction is problematic. A minor amount of H isotope exchange is likely at temperatures sufficient to remove adsorbed water, and efforts must be made to minimize and quantify this exchange during analyses of clay samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Development and Nature: The Social and The Material
Authors: Redclift Michael , Woodgate Graham 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper we argue that one way of viewing the relationship between sustainable development and nature is to explore the extent to which human‐made capital can be substituted for nature (‘natural capital’). It is suggested that this substitution/replacement exposes societies to different risks and uncertainties. Our point of departure is to distinguish sociologically between different ‘natures’, which reflect different levels of human/natural capital substitution and degrees of hybridity: First Nature, Second Nature, Third Nature and Fourth Nature. This approach to sustainable development – through investigating the co‐existence of human‐made and natural capital, and the effects of this process on risk and uncertainty – is used to explain the vicissitudes of much of the ‘sustainable development’ debate. Focusing on sustainable consumption and ecological modernization, the paper also suggests that regulation theory might help to explain how different environmental policy options are chosen, and the limitations of these options. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.