bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pileup density estimate independent on jet multiplicity
Authors: Berta P. , Smieško J. , Spousta M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The hard-scatter processes in hadronic collisions are often largely contaminated with soft background coming from pileup in proton-proton collisions, or underlying event in heavy-ion collisions. There are multiple methods to remove the effect of pileup for jets. Two such methods, Area Subtraction and Constituent Subtraction, use the pileup density as the main ingredient to estimate the magnitude of pileup contribution on an event-by-event basis. The state-of-the-art approaches to estimating pileup density are sensitive to the number of hard-scatter jets in the event. This paper presents a new pileup-density estimation method that minimizes the sensitivity on the presence of hard-scatter jets in the event. Using a detector-level simulation, we provide a comparison of the new method with the state-of-the-art estimation methods. We observe a significantly lower bias for the estimated pileup density when using the new method. We conclude that the new method has the potential to significantly improve pileup mitigation in proton-proton collisions or the underlying event subtraction in heavy-ion collisions.
Consistent actions for massive particles interacting with electromagnetism and gravity
Authors: Lindwasser Lukas W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Consistent interactions with electromagnetism and gravity for mass m particles of any spin are obtained. This is done by finding interactions which preserve the covariantized massive gauge symmetry present in recently constructed massive particle actions. This gauge principle is sufficient for finding consistent completions of minimal as well as non-minimal couplings of any type. For spins s ≥ 3/2, consistency requires infinitely many interaction terms in the action, including arbitrarily high order derivatives of electromagnetic and gravitational curvatures, with correspondingly high powers of 1/m. These interactions may be formally resummed and expressed in terms of non-local operators. Finally, although the interactions appear non-local, evidence is presented for the existence of a field redefinition which makes the interacting action local. This work provides the first explicit realization of an exactly gauge invariant formulation of massive particles interacting with electromagnetism and gravity.
Muskelschmerzen bei Myositis bei einer jungen Patientin – was steckt dahinter?
Authors: Doblinger N. , Doenz J. , Tews H. C. , Demirci C. , Schmid S. , Michels B. , Müller M. , Kandulski A. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Myositis ist eine Erkrankung aus dem Formenkreis der Kollagenosen, die am häufigsten bei Frauen zwischen dem 40. und 60. Lebensjahr auftritt. Bei einer deutlichen Assoziation mit malignen Grunderkrankungen wird bei der Erstdiagnose stets ein allgemeines Tumorscreening empfohlen. Das kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) ist eines der häufigsten soliden Malignome des Gastrointestinaltrakts. Typische Risikopopulationen umfassen vor allem Patient*innen jenseits des 55. Lebensjahrs. Die Inzidenz des sogenannten „early-onset“ kolorektalen Karzinoms (EO-KRK) hat in den letzten Jahren signifikant zugenommen. Dabei erkranken zunehmend häufiger Patient*innen im jungen Alter von 20 bis 50 Jahren. Als Grund für diesen Inzidenzanstieg wird eine Zunahme klassischer Risikofaktoren bereits in jüngeren Jahren diskutiert. Wir berichten über eine 34-jährige Patientin, die sich mit dem paraneoplastischen Leitsymptom einer Myositis vorstellte und bei der ursächlich eine sporadische Form eines fortgeschritten metastasierten KRK diagnostiziert wurde. Eine Kontrolle bekannter Risikofaktoren bereits im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit bei Symptompräsentation, beispielsweise in Form von gastrointestinalen Hämorrhagien und paraneoplastischen Symptomen, sind notwendig, um eine rasche Diagnosestellung und ein besseres onkologisches Outcome erreichen zu können.
Vicia ervilia lectin (VEA) has an antibiofilm effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Belfiori Beatrice , Riccioni Claudia , Pietrella Donatella , Rubini Andrea , Caceres Maria Eugenia , Pupilli Fulvio , Bellucci Michele , De Marchis Francesca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBacterial growing resistance to antibiotics poses a critical threat to global health. This study investigates, for the first time, the antibiofilm properties of Vicia ervilia agglutinin (VEA) from six different V. ervilia accessions against pathogenic bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans. In the absence of antimicrobial properties, purified VEA significantly inhibited biofilm formation, both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but not in C. albicans. With an inhibitory concentration ranging from 100 to 500 µg/ml, the VEA antibiofilm activity was more relevant against the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, whose biofilm was reduced up to 50% by VEA purified from accessions #5 and #36. VEA antibiofilm variability between accessions was observed, likely due to co-purified small molecules rather than differences in VEA protein sequences. In conclusion, VEA seed extracts from the accessions with the highest antibiofilm activity could represent a valid approach for the development of an effective antibiofilm agent.
A laboratory method to determine 3D fibre orientation around knots in sawn timber: case study on a Douglas fir specimen
Authors: Penvern Helene , Demoulin Leyne , Pot Guillaume , Viguier Joffrey , Roux Benjamin , Hu Min , Olsson Anders 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of structural timber largely depend on the occurrence of knots and on fibre deviation in their vicinities. In recent strength grading machines, lasers and cameras are used to detect surface characteristics such as the size and position of knots and local fibre orientation. Since laser dot scanning only gives reliable information about the fibre orientation in the plane of board surfaces, simple assumptions are usually made to define the inner fibre orientation to model timber boards. Those models would be improved by better insight into real fibre deviation around knots. In the present work, a laboratory method is developed to evaluate growth layers geometries and fibre orientation, solely based on the fact that the fibers are parallel to the tree rings and without any further assumptions. The method simply relies on color scans and laser dot scans of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) timber specimen sections revealed by successive planing. The proposed method provides data on fibre orientation in 3D with an accuracy that is relevant for the calibration of detailed models.
Quality of life and functional outcomes after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) and transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer. an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Lauricella Sara , Brucchi Francesco , Carrano Francesco Maria , Cassini Diletta , Cirocchi Roberto , Sylla Patricia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Concerns exist regarding the potential for transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) to yield poorer functional outcomes compared to laparoscopic TME (LaTME). The aim of this study is to assess the functional outcomes following taTME and LaTME, focusing on bowel, anorectal, and urogenital disorders and their impact on the patient’s QoL.

Methods
A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. The variables considered are: Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Jorge-Wexner scales; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C29 and QLQ-C30 scales.

Results
Eleven studies involving 1020 patients (497-taTME group/ 523-LaTME group) were included. There was no significant difference between the treatments in terms of anorectal function: LARS (MD: 2.81, 95% CI: − 2.45–8.08, p = 0.3; I2 = 97%); Jorge-Wexner scale (MD: -1.3, 95% CI: -3.22–0.62, p = 0.19). EORTC QLQ C30/29 scores were similar between the groups. No significant differences were reported in terms of urogenital function: IPSS (MD: 0.0, 95% CI: − 1.49–1.49, p = 0.99; I2 = 72%).

Conclusions
This review supports previous findings indicating that functional outcomes and QoL are similar for rectal cancer patients who underwent taTME or LaTME. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and understand the long-term impact of the functional sequelae of these surgical approaches.
Consensus clustering and development of a risk signature based on trajectory differential genes of cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Ke , Wang Jiao , Wang Yueqing , He Jiayi , Hu Shangshang , Kuai Shougang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the impact of CAF subpopulation trajectory differentiation on CRC remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, we first explored the trajectory differences of CAFs subpopulations using bulk and integrated single-cell sequencing data, and then performed consensus clustering of CRC samples based on the trajectory differential genes of CAFs subpopulations. Subsequently, we analyzed the heterogeneity of CRC subtypes using bioinformatics. Finally, we constructed relevant prognostic signature using machine learning and validated them using spatial transcriptomic data.

Results
Based on the differential genes of CAFs subpopulation trajectory differentiation, we identified two CRC subtypes (C1 and C2) in this study. Compared to C1, C2 exhibited worse prognosis, higher immune evasion microenvironment and high CAF characteristics. C1 was primarily associated with metabolism, while C2 was primarily associated with cell metastasis and immune regulation. By combining 101 combinations of 10 machine learning algorithms, we developed a High-CAF risk signatures (HCAFRS) based on the C2 characteristic gene. HCAFRS was an independent prognostic factor for CRC and, when combined with clinical parameters, significantly predicted the overall survival of CRC patients. HCAFRS was closely associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and hypoxia. Furthermore, the risk score of HCAFRS was mainly derived from CAFs and was validated in the spatial transcriptomic data.

Conclusion
In conclusion, HCAFRS has the potential to serve as a promising prognostic indicator for CRC, improving the quality of life for CRC patients.
New spin coated multilayer lactate biosensor for acidosis monitoring in continuous flow assisted with an electrochemical pH probe
Authors: García-Guzmán Juan José , Jiménez Heras José Manuel , López-Iglesias David , González-Álvarez Rafael Jesús , Cubillana-Aguilera Laura , González Macías Carmen , Fernández Alba Juan Jesús , Palacios-Santander José María 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA LOx-based electrochemical biosensor for high-level lactate determination was developed. For the construction of the biosensor, chitosan and Nafion layers were integrated by using a spin coating procedure, leading to less porous surfaces in comparison with those recorded after a drop casting procedure. The analytical performance of the resulting biosensor for lactate determination was evaluated in batch and flow regime, displaying satisfactory results in both modes ranging from 0.5 to 20 mM concentration range for assessing the lactic acidosis. Finally, the lactate levels in raw serum samples were estimated using the biosensor developed and verified with a blood gas analyzer. Based on these results, the biosensor developed is promising for its use in healthcare environment, after its proper miniaturization. A pH probe based on common polyaniline-based electrochemical sensor was also developed to assist the biosensor for the lactic acidosis monitoring, leading to excellent results in stock solutions ranging from 6.0 to 8.0 mM and raw plasma samples. The results were confirmed by using two different approaches, blood gas analyzer and pH-meter. Consequently, the lactic acidosis monitoring could be achieved in continuous flow regime using both (bio)sensors.
Giant unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm revealed by intracranial hypertension: is a systematic decompressive hemicraniotomy mandatory?
Authors: Aboukais Rabih , Devalckeneer Antoine , Boussemart Pierre , Bourgeois Philippe , Menovsky Tomas , Bretzner Martin , Karnoub Mélodie-Anne , Lejeune Jean-Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOur study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcome of patients with unruptured giant middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm revealed by intracranial hypertension associated to midline brain shift. From 2012 to 2022, among the 954 patients treated by a microsurgical procedure for an intracranial aneurysm, our study included 9 consecutive patients with giant MCA aneurysm associated to intracranial hypertension with a midline brain shift. Deep hypothermic circulatory flow reduction (DHCFR) with vascular reconstruction was performed in 4 patients and cerebral revascularization with aneurysm trapping was the therapeutic strategy in 5 patients. Early (< 7 days) and long term clinical and radiological monitoring was done. Good functional outcome was considered as mRS score ≤ 2 at 3 months. The mean age at treatment was 44 yo (ranged from 17 to 70 yo). The mean maximal diameter of the aneurysm was 49 mm (ranged from 33 to 70 mm). The mean midline brain shift was 8.6 mm (ranged from 5 to 13 mm). Distal MCA territory hypoperfusion was noted in 6 patients. Diffuse postoperative cerebral edema occurred in the 9 patients with a mean delay of 59 h and conducted to a postoperative neurological deterioration in 7 of them. Postoperative death was noted in 3 patients. Among the 6 survivors, early postoperative decompressive hemicraniotomy was required in 4 patients. Good functional outcome was noted in 4 patients. Complete aneurysm occlusion was noted in each patient at last follow-up. We suggest to discuss a systematic decompressive hemicraniotomy at the end of the surgical procedure and/or a partial temporal lobe resection at its beginning to reduce the consequences of the edema reaction and to improve the postoperative outcome of this specific subgroup of patients. A better intraoperative assessment of the blood flow might also reduce the occurrence of the reperfusion syndrome.
A critical review of the use of R2 in risk equalization research
Authors: van de Ven Wynand P. M. M. , van Kleef Richard C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNearly all empirical studies that estimate the coefficients of a risk equalization formula present the value of the statistical measure R2. The R2-value is often (implicitly) interpreted as a measure of the extent to which the risk equalization payments remove the regulation-induced predictable profits and losses on the insured, with a higher R2-value indicating a better performance. In many cases, however, we do not know whether a model with R2 = 0.30 reduces the predictable profits and losses more than a model with R2 = 0.20. In this paper we argue that in the context of risk equalization R2 is hard to interpret as a measure of selection incentives, can lead to wrong and misleading conclusions when used as a measure of selection incentives, and is therefore not useful for measuring selection incentives. The same is true for related statistical measures such as the Mean Absolute Prediction Error (MAPE), Cumming’s Prediction Measure (CPM) and the Payment System Fit (PSF). There are some exceptions where the R2 can be useful. Our recommendation is to either present the R2 with a clear, valid, and relevant interpretation or not to present the R2. The same holds for the related statistical measures MAPE, CPM and PSF.
An interdisciplinary account of the terminological choices by EU policymakers ahead of the final agreement on the AI Act: AI system, general purpose AI system, foundation model, and generative AI
Authors: Fernández-Llorca David , Gómez Emilia , Sánchez Ignacio , Mazzini Gabriele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is a groundbreaking regulatory framework that integrates technical concepts and terminology from the rapidly evolving ecosystems of AI research and innovation into the legal domain. Precise definitions accessible to both AI experts and lawyers are crucial for the legislation to be effective. This paper provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the concepts of AI system, general purpose AI system, foundation model and generative AI across the different versions of the legal text (Commission proposal, Parliament position and Council General Approach) before the final political agreement. The goal is to help bridge the understanding of these key terms between the technical and legal communities and contribute to a proper implementation of the AI Act. We provide an analysis of the concept of AI system considering its scientific foundation and the crucial role that it plays in the regulation, which requires a sound definition both from legal and technical standpoints. We connect the outcomes of this discussion with the analysis of the concept of general purpose AI system and its evolution during the negotiations. We also address the distinct conceptual meanings of AI system vs AI model and explore the technical nuances of the term foundation model. We conclude that rooting the definition of foundation model to its general purpose capabilities following standardised evaluation methodologies appears to be most appropriate approach. Lastly, we tackle the concept of generative AI, arguing that definitions of AI system that include “content” as one of the system’s outputs already captures it, and concluding that not all generative AI is based on foundation models.
(In)vulnerable Managers in an Immigration Context
Authors: Kivijärvi Marke , Okkonen Ida , Siltaoja Marjo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOur study examines managerial vulnerability in a bureaucratic context, namely in Finnish immigration centres. We bring a care ethics perspective to the study of vulnerability and address how managers navigate relationships with vulnerable clients and their own vulnerability. Based on empirical data collected through interviews with immigration centre managers, we show how managers negotiated their (in)vulnerability through two alternating positionalities: (1) professionalism, through which they seek to control negative emotions in order to manage their own experiences of vulnerability and affective relationships with clients, and (2) temporal disconformity, which provides space to engage and manage with a variety of emotions and manoeuvre bureaucratic professional norms. Our study then contributes to the literature on managerial work by demonstrating how managers cope with their vulnerable selves and how different notions of care emerge in complex, ethically sensitive managerial situations.
Utilization of poplar fibers in needle punched nonwovens
Authors: Usta Canan , Seyhan Aybeniz , Gürarslan Alper 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe focus of this study is to conduct pioneering research on utilizing poplar seed hair fibers in needle punched nonwovens. These fibers were blended with hollow PET fibers at two different weight ratios to obtain needle punched webs for the first time. The weight, thickness, abrasion resistance, bursting and tensile properties, hydrophobic/oleophilic surface characteristics of the nonwovens are analyzed elaborately. Finally, it has been demonstrated that poplar fiber-containing nonwovens have superior rose oil absorption compared to solely PET nonwoven fabrics. When compared the maximum adsorption capacities, the incorporation of 37.3 wt.% and 21.7 wt.% poplar fiber into PET nonwoven increased the oil absorption by approximately 35 and 24 times, respectively. Although pristine PET nonwoven was able to remove only 16% of MB dye from aqueous dye solution, addition of poplar fiber enhanced the removal process and the solution had been decolorized to nearly colorless. The results indicated that poplar blended nonwoven fabrics treated with NaClO2 show the high-performance removal of MB dye from wastewater, with the increased percentage of 40% and 67% for PET-PO30 and PET-PO60 fabric, respectively. Therefore, developing industrial scale surfaces with non-traditional and sustainable poplar seed fibers, marks a significant advancement for the textile industry.
Xanthan/ carboxymethyl cellulose-based edible coatings enriched with greenly synthesized ZnO-NPs for active packaging applications
Authors: Salama Hend E. , Khattab Maher A. , Sabaa Magdy W. , Aziz Mohamed S. Abdel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe limited use of xanthan (Xa) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the food packaging industry is due to their poor barrier and antimicrobial properties. The objective of this work was to enhance the characteristics of the CMC/Xa composite coating by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) that were prepared through a green method through Coriandrum sativum extract. FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful preparation of the coating and verified the interactions between its components. Compared to the neat CMC/Xa system, systems incorporated with ZnO-NPs exhibited excellent water barrier, mechanical, thermal, and antimicrobial characteristics. The CMC/Xa/ZnO-NP systems effectively prolonged the shelf life of tomatoes for a storage period of 20 days without any significant indications of spoilage or mass loss of the coated tomatoes. The obtained results indicated that the developed coating has the potential to replace traditional plastic packaging and effectively preserve food products.
The predictive relationships between children's digital game addiction tendencies and mothers' digital parenting awareness and digital literacy levels
Authors: Türen Şeyma , Bağçeli Kahraman Pınar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of digital technologies has notably expanded children's accessibility to a diverse range of digital tools day by day. Consequently, this evolution has significantly influenced the gaming landscape, propelling the surge in popularity of digital games among children. This change has also led to the need for changes in the roles of parents. The awareness level of parents regarding digital technologies, coupled with their role as models in regulating preschool children's exposure to digital games, is believed to wield significant influence. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the predictive relationships between preschool children's digital game addiction tendencies and their mothers' digital literacy and digital parenting awareness. For this purpose, mothers of 400 children attending preschool education in Istanbul, Turkey's most populous city, were included in the study. To collect data for the study, mothers were asked to complete scales measuring their children's digital game addiction, determining their own digital parenting awareness, and assessing their digital literacy. The results show significant relationships between mothers' digital parenting awareness and children's digital game addiction tendencies and between mothers' digital literacy and digital parenting awareness. It was observed that gender, the time spent by the child and the mother with digital devices, and mothers' digital parenting awareness were significant predictors of children's digital game addiction tendencies. In addition, the study revealed that maternal age, educational attainment, the number of children, duration of engagement with digital tools, and proficiency in digital literacy serve as notable predictors across various sub-dimensions of mothers' digital parenting awareness.