bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity and robustness of the flavonoid transcriptional regulatory network revealed by comprehensive analyses of MYB–bHLH–WDR complexes and their targets in Arabidopsis seed
Authors: Xu Wenjia , Grain Damaris , Bobet Sophie , Le Gourrierec José , Thévenin Johanne , Kelemen Zsolt , Lepiniec Loïc , Dubos Christian 
Published: December 2013

Summary

In Arabidopsis thaliana, proanthocyanidins (PAs) accumulate in the innermost cell layer of the seed coat (i.e. endothelium, chalaza and micropyle). The expression of the biosynthetic genes involved relies on the transcriptional activity of R2R3‐MYB and basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) proteins which form ternary complexes (‘MBW’) with TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) (WD repeat protein). The identification of the direct targets and the determination of the nature and spatio‐temporal activity of these MBW complexes are essential steps towards a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that control flavonoid biosynthesis.

In this study, various molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches were used.

Here, we have demonstrated that, of the 12 studied genes of the pathway, only dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase (DFR), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), BANYULS (BAN), TRANSPARENT TESTA 19 (TT19), TT12 and H+‐ATPase isoform 10 (AHA10) are direct targets of the MBW complexes. Interestingly, although the TT2–TT8–TTG1 complex plays the major role in developing seeds, three additional MBW complexes (i.e. MYB5–TT8–TTG1, TT2–EGL3–TTG1 and TT2–GL3–TTG1) were also shown to be involved, in a tissue‐specific manner. Finally, a minimal promoter was identified for each of the target genes of the MBW complexes.

Altogether, by answering fundamental questions and by demonstrating or invalidating previously made hypotheses, this study provides a new and comprehensive view of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling PA and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
Habits, rituals, and addiction: an inquiry into substance abuse in older persons
Authors: Gray Mary Tod 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOlder people enter the final phases of their lives with well‐established habits and rituals, some of which might be or become substance abuse. This inquiry focused on the relationship between habits, rituals, and the compulsive addictive behaviours evident in older persons' substance abuse. Habits and rituals, examined as adaptive and limiting functions in older persons, revealed changes in autonomy, social inclusion, and emotional responses to such changes as older persons experience declining energy reserves and physical debilities. Older persons' ebbing sense of control and passionate responses to change illustrate the perennial struggle between the will and emotions when habits and rituals transform to compulsive addictive behaviours. Two concepts, germane to this struggle both in older persons' addictive behaviours and nurses' response, emerged from this inquiry: temperance, a balance between the will's freely chosen actions and passionate desire, and discipline, the means to achieve such balance. The focused attention demanded in discipline can be realized in spiritual exercises and daily care of the soul. Disciplined actions engage the older persons' imaginative capacities to manage and abandon the self in goals consistent with end‐of‐life issues: meaningful fulfillment of human potential and the need for daily joy and pleasure in living the final years.
The long‐run relationship between savings and investment in oil‐exporting developing countries: a case study of theGulfArab states
Authors: Basher Syed Abul , Fachin Stefano 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe relationship between national saving and investment over the long term is examined for six Gulf Arab oil‐exporting developing countries—Bahrain,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia and theUnitedArabEmirates. We show that, provided some large outliers are properly accounted for, long‐run equilibrium relationships between saving and investment (both total and fixed) exist in these countries. Because these countries have typically large current account surpluses, such relationships cannot be explained by standard arguments. Our hypothesis is that the response of investment to saving largely depends on domestic absorptive capacity.
Causality‐in‐variance of prices of oil products
Authors: Ben Sita Bernard , Abosedra Salah 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates causality‐in‐variance between the price of crude oil and the prices of refined oil products using US data. The cross‐correlation function is applied on both normal and abnormal squared standardized residuals. We found that causality‐in‐variance has a lead from crude price to gasoline prices for not more than 2 days, and has a lag from gasoline to crude of not more than 2 days. In addition to the daily causality pattern, the monthly causality pattern reveals that the lead‐in‐variance causation from crude price to refined products' prices and the lag‐in‐variance causation from refined products' prices to crude prices persist longer with abnormal squared shocks. These patterns suggest that market participants can advantageously adjust their positions within and across these markets.
Economic growth and electricity consumption: MS‐VAR and MS‐Granger causality analysis
Authors: Bildirici Melike E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study estimates the causality relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth by Markov Switching VAR (MS‐VAR) method for some emerging countries: Argentina, China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and South Africa. Knowledge of the direction of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is of primary importance if appropriate energy policies and energy conservation measures are to be devised. The results from MS‐VAR models show that in first, second and third regime, electricity consumption is the Granger cause of the economic growth and economic growth is the Granger cause of the electricity consumption. In sum, we found some evidence of bidirectional Granger causality between the electricity consumption and the economic growth.
Infant atopic eczema and subsequent attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder – A prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Genuneit Jon , Braig Stefanie , Brandt Stephanie , Wabitsch Martin , Florath Ines , Brenner Hermann , Rothenbacher Dietrich 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity between childhood atopic eczema (AE) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been observed, but temporal relationships remain unclear.MethodsWe analyzed data of a population‐based, prospective birth cohort study among 770 children included at baseline in 2000/2001 with follow‐up up to age 11. Information on age at diagnosis of AE, rhinoconjunctivitis, and ADHD was obtained by questionnaires administered to parents and for AE also to caring physicians. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were modeled with a modified Poisson regression.ResultsEarly AE up to age 4 yr was reported for 14.8% of the children by the parents and for 26.0% by the physicians with only fair agreement between these reports (kappa = 0.36). Based on parental reports, the association of early AE with early ADHD was strong (aRR: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.18; 12.28), but absent for late ADHD [aRR: 0.50 (0.13; 2.02)]. The association of late AE with late ADHD [aRR: 3.03 (0.75; 12.29)] was not statistically significant. This pattern was independent of the presence of rhinoconjunctivitis.ConclusionsThe observed comorbidity between AE and ADHD may indicate vulnerability to develop ADHD symptoms in response to AE symptoms or through a common underlying mechanism. This vulnerability seems to decrease with time since AE onset and may be greater in early life. These temporal relationships should be considered in future research investigating mechanisms linking both diseases and in clinical efforts to screen for and prevent ADHD symptoms in children with AE.
Febrile and gynecological infections during pregnancy are associated with a greater risk of childhood eczema
Authors: Pesce Giancarlo , Marcon Alessandro , Marchetti Pierpaolo , Girardi Paolo , de Marco Roberto 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence suggests that fetal exposures may exert long‐term effects on the function of the skin and of the immune system. This study aimed at assessing whether maternal complications during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of eczema during childhood.MethodsThe associations between hypertension/preeclampsia, febrile infections, or gynecological infections during pregnancy and the occurrence of childhood eczema were studied in a population (n = 3907) of children, aged 3–14 yrs, living in Italy. Their parents filled in a standardized questionnaire about the presence of children's eczema and the events that occurred during pregnancy, birth, and the first year of the child's life.Results7.7%, 3.8%, and 6.1% of the pregnancies were complicated by hypertension/preeclampsia, febrile infections, and gynecological infections, respectively. The prevalence of eczema was significantly higher in children born to mothers who had experienced febrile (35.5% vs. 22.0%; p < 0.001) or gynecological infections (35.3% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.001) compared with those born to mothers who had not suffered from that specific pregnancy complication, while hypertension/preeclampsia was not significantly associated with childhood eczema. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of eczema was significantly higher in children born to mothers who reported febrile infections during the 1st trimester (OR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.11–4.82) and gynecological infections during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (OR: 2.73; 95%CI:1.73–4.31).ConclusionsFetal exposure to febrile and gynecological infections might enhance the risk of eczema in the offspring, especially when occurring in specific trimesters of pregnancy. These findings suggest that febrile and gynecological infections might interfere with fetal and perinatal programming of the immune function and skin through different mechanisms.
Cross‐Cultural Psychometric Assessment of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) Pain Scale in the Portuguese Population
Authors: Barbosa Margarida , Bennett Michael I. , Verissimo Ramiro , Carvalho Davide 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is a well‐known phenomenon. The differential diagnosis between neuropathic and nociceptive pain syndromes is a challenge. Consequently, assessment instruments that can distinguish between these conditions in a standardized way are of the utmost importance. The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) is a screening tool developed to identify chronic neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was the Portuguese language translation, linguistic adaptation of the LANSS pain scale, its semantic validation, internal consistency, temporal stability, as well its validity and discriminative power.MethodsLANSS Portuguese version scale was applied to 165 consecutive patients attending the pain clinic: 103 fulfilled the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of pain of neuropathic origin and the remaining 62 fulfilled the criteria for nociceptive pain.ResultsThe scale proved to be an internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78) and reliable instrument with good test–retest stability (r = 0.7; P < 0.001). However, its validity and specificity with a cutoff point of ≥ 12, for differentiating patients with neuropathic pain from those with non‐neuropathic pain, had 89% sensitivity, 74% specificity, positive predictive value of 85%, and negative predictive value of 81%.ConclusionsThe Portuguese LANSS version pain scale properties lead us to the conclusion that such a cross‐cultural version is a reliable and valid instrument for the differentiation of this type of pain. Its usage is recommended.
Treatment of Neuropathic Pain with the Capsaicin 8% Patch: Is Pretreatment with Lidocaine Necessary?
Authors: Kern Kai‐Uwe , Nowack Walburga , Poole Chris 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe capsaicin 8% patch can effectively treat neuropathic pain, but application can cause discomfort or a burning sensation. Until March 2013, it was recommended that patients be pretreated with a topical anesthetic, for example lidocaine, before capsaicin patch application. However, speculation existed over the need for pretreatment and its effectiveness in alleviating treatment‐associated discomfort. This article compares tolerability to and efficacy of the capsaicin patch in pretreated and non‐pretreated patients. All patients received a single capsaicin patch application. Pretreated patients received a lidocaine plaster before and intravenous lidocaine and metamizole infusions during capsaicin patch application. Pain levels, assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), were used to determine tolerability and efficacy. All patients (pretreated n = 32; non‐pretreated n = 26) completed 100% of the intended capsaicin patch application duration. At the time of capsaicin patch removal, 69% of pretreated and 88% of non‐pretreated patients reported an NRS score increase, which returned to baseline by 6 hours post‐treatment. There was no significant difference in mean NRS score between patient groups at any time during or after capsaicin patch treatment. Response was similar between patient groups; capsaicin patch treatment provided rapid and significant pain reductions that were sustained over 12 weeks. The same proportion of pretreated and non‐pretreated patients reported willingness to receive retreatment with the capsaicin patch. This analysis shows that the capsaicin 8% patch is generally tolerable, and the small discomfort associated with patch application is short‐lived. Lidocaine pretreatment does not have a significant effect on tolerability, efficacy, or patient willingness to receive retreatment.
The Prevalence of Diagnosed Opioid Abuse in Commercial and Medicare Managed Care Populations
Authors: Dufour Robert , Joshi Ashish V. , Pasquale Margaret K. , Schaaf David , Mardekian Jack , Andrews George A. , Patel Nick C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo measure the prevalence of diagnosed opioid abuse and prescription opioid use in a multistate managed care organization.MethodsThis retrospective claims data analysis reviewed the prevalence of diagnosed opioid abuse and the parallel prevalence of prescription opioid use in half‐year intervals for commercial and Medicare members enrolled with Humana Inc., from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2010. Diagnosis of opioid abuse was defined by ≥ 1 medical claim with any of the following ICD‐9‐CM codes: 304.0 ×, 304.7 ×, 305.5 ×, 965.0 ×, excluding 965.01, and opioid use was defined by ≥ 1 filled prescription for an opioid. The prevalence of opioid abuse was defined by the number of members with an opioid abuse diagnosis, divided by the number of members enrolled in each 6‐month interval.ResultsThe 6‐month prevalence of diagnosed opioid abuse increased from 0.84 to 1.15 among commercial and from 3.17 to 6.35 among Medicare members, per 1,000. In contrast, there was no marked increase in prescription opioid use during the same time period (118.0 to 114.8 for commercial members, 240.6 to 256.9 for Medicare members, per 1,000). The prevalence of diagnosed opioid abuse was highest among members younger than 65 years for both genders in commercial (18‐ to 34‐year‐olds) and Medicare (35‐ to 54‐year‐olds) populations.ConclusionsDespite a stable rate of prescription opioid use among the observed population, the prevalence of diagnosed opioid abuse is increasing, particularly in the Medicare population.
Trade and the Environment: The Role of Firm Heterogeneity
Authors: Kreickemeier Udo , Richter Philipp M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a new effect of trade liberalization on the quality of the environment. We show that in the presence of heterogeneous firms, the aggregate volume of emissions is influenced by a reallocation effect resulting from an increase in the relative size of more productive firms. The relative importance of this reallocation effect and the scale effect well‐known from the literature is affected by the emission intensity at the firm level. Domestic emissions decrease as a result of a unilateral tariff reduction if and only if firm‐specific emission intensity decreases strongly with increasing firm productivity. As a result of the induced change in foreign emissions, domestic pollution can increase even if domestic emissions decrease.
Social Networks and Employment: Mechanisms (Part 1)
Authors: Castilla Emilio J. , Lan George J. , Rissing Ben A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhile substantial progress has recently been made in the literature on social networks and employment, this research has not been accompanied by a larger organizing framework. In this article, we attempt to provide such framework while reviewing the literature that addresses the context of work and employment from a social network perspective – that is, research based on the assumption that actors are embedded in networks of social relations and interactions. In particular, our review focuses on the primary mechanisms that help explain how networks may shape employment outcomes and processes, namely, by conveyingresourcesand providingsignalsto others. Ties among social actors may transfer better or unique resources such as information, learning, influence, and support, which consequently may affect key employment outcomes. Ties may also provide signals concerning ability, legitimacy/trust, status, and relationship meaning. We conclude by presenting a number of alternative arguments in the literature and discussing future directions for the research on social networks and employment.
Whither Equality? Securing the Lay Citizens' Place Inside the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Poama Andrei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper argues that lay jurors should be given a more extensive position in making decisions about misdemeanour cases. The paper constitutes a qualified defense of the 2011 judicial French reform. This reform associates two extra jurors to the already existing three magistrates in charge of misdemeanour cases. Two arguments are presented in favour of this measure. The first argument is that increasing the number of decision‐makers improves the accuracy of verdicts. I call this the argument from quantity. The second argument is that fostering more identity diversity between decision‐makers tends to improve the quality of group decisions. I call this the argument from diversity. The argument from quantity and the argument from diversity are supported by the more general idea that one of the chief rationales of any judicial system is that of ensuring the defendants' equality of protection.
The significance of drilling date and crop cover with reference to soil erosion by water, with implications for mitigating erosion on agricultural land in South East England
Authors: Boardman J. , Favis‐Mortlock D. T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEarly drilling of autumn‐planted cereals is strongly advised in UK government publications targeted at farmers, in part as a measure to combat soil erosion by water. However, in years when rainfall is heavy in early autumn, this strategy is ineffective. Late drilling of autumn‐planted cereals also increases the risk of erosion, but for a different reason: crop cover develops more slowly in cooler weather, resulting in a longer exposure of nearly bare ground. The crucial factor affecting both strategies is the timing of autumn and early winter rainfall. We discuss a conceptual model based on the notion of a ‘window of opportunity’ for erosion, comprising the relationship between drilling date, date of attainment of a sufficiently protective crop cover and the timing of rainfall; variations are presented for different weather conditions and management choices. Of these three factors, only the date of drilling can be chosen by the farmer. The date of attaining a sufficiently protective crop cover can only be predicted approximately. The timing of rainfall cannot be predicted. Thus, erosion control advice to farmers, which is based on choice of date of drilling to minimize erosion during the ‘window of opportunity’, is both difficult to formulate and likely to be ineffective. Sites at risk of erosion need to have better thought‐out mitigation measures in place, rather than relying on a fortuitous temporal pattern of autumn and winter rainfall to minimize the risk of erosion.
A New Framework for Solving the Spatial Network Problems Based on Line Graphs
Authors: Saberian Javad , Malek Mohammad Reza , Winter Stephan , Hamrah Majid 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this article we define inverse line graphs of directed graphs as a new framework for solving some classical network analysis problems. The extraction method and theories of inverse line graphs are explained in this article. It is shown that by changing the analysis space from the original directed graph to the inverse line graph, complex problems can be changed into simpler problems. We show the usefulness of the proposed framework in two particular applications: shortest path computations and the more general route planning. Considering the implementation result, we expect that this framework could be used in many more network analysis problems.
Reverse halo sign on chest imaging in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Stewart J.I. , D'Alonzo G.E. , Ciccolella D.E. , Patel N.B. , Durra H. , Clauss H.E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWithout proper treatment, the mortality of pulmonary mucormycosis is nearly 100%. Although the diagnosis is often made histologically, it can be suspected when patients have a reverse halo sign on computed tomography (CT) of the chest, along with the right clinical findings. We describe the case of a woman 7 months post renal transplant who presented with fevers, malaise, and chest pain. Her chest CT revealed a round, focal area of ground‐glass attenuation surrounded by a complete rim of consolidation in the left upper lobe, consistent with the reverse halo sign. Pulmonary mucormycosis was diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy. She was successfully treated with combined medical and surgical therapies. In the context of this case, we provide a brief review of the diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis, with a focus on radiographic and pathologic findings.