bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new reduced model for the moments of droplet size distribution in condensing flow
Authors: Ku Xiaoke , Hagmeijer Rob 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to create a computationally efficient reduced model (RM) for the moments of droplet size distribution (DSD) in condensing flow.Design/methodology/approach– The kinetic equation (KE) exactly describes the time dependence of the DSD and can be regarded as the most rigorous representation of a system with condensation. Because of the typical wide range in droplet size, the KE requires excessive computational time and is not attractive for most practical applications. To reduce the overall computational efforts, a novel set of moment equations, derived from the KE has been proposed.Findings– To demonstrate the simplicity and accuracy of the model, the authors employ a typical nucleation pulse experiment for which benchmark KE-solutions have also been computed. Comparison of predicted moments from both the RM and the KE approach reveals that the RM is capable of capturing the evolving feature of moments with reasonable accuracy.Originality/value– The authors have created a novel reduced method for numerical computations of the lower-order moments of the DSD in condensing flow. Unlike the typical method of moments, the RM eliminates the need for assumptions on the shape of the distribution function and could estimate the moments at very low computational cost.
Numerical solutions of the reaction-diffusion equation
Authors: Wu G , Lee Eric Wai Ming , Li Gao 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce variational iteration method (VIM) to construct equivalent integral equations for initial-boundary value problems of nonlinear partial differential equations. The Lagrange multipliers become the integral kernels.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using the discrete numerical integral formula, the general way is given to solve the famous reaction-diffusion equation numerically.

Findings
– With the given explicit solution, the results show the conveniences of the general numerical schemes and numerical simulation of the reaction-diffusion is finally presented in the cases of various coefficients.

Originality/value
– The method avoids the treatment of the time derivative as that in the classical finite difference method and the VIM is introduced to construct equivalent integral equations for initial-boundary value problems of nonlinear partial differential equations.
The determinants of foreign direct investment in ASEAN
Authors: Xaypanya Phonesavanh , Rangkakulnuwat Poomthan , Paweenawat Sasiwimon Warunsiri 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significant factors determining foreign direct investment (FDI) in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (ASEAN3) and Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore (ASEAN5).Design/methodology/approach– This paper applies the first differencing technique to estimate the parameters on the constructed panel data starting from 2000 to 2011.Findings– Due to the different stages of economic development between ASEAN3 and ASEAN5, the determinants of FDI are different. We found that there are significantly positive effects of infrastructure facility, level of openness, and negative effect of inflation on FDI inflow in ASEAN3; while real exchange rate, gross domestic product and net official development assistance have no effect on its FDI. The finding in ASEAN5 showed that market size and infrastructure facility are significant factors to attract FDI. Furthermore, even though there are an increase in inflation rate as well as a decrease in level of openness measurement, ASEAN5 are still attractive to foreign investors.Originality/value– The time variant and invariant unobserved effects that are ignored in the previous studies are considered in this study.
CSR disclosure on the web: major themes in the banking sector
Authors: Vilar Vítor Hugo , Simão João 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– Corporate social responsibility became a core topic in the management and activity of banks. Being a bidirectional, permanent, updateable and universal access communication channel, the internet contributed to transform the way the organizations report social responsibility to stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the banks use their web sites to disclose their social responsibility concerns and activities.Design/methodology/approach– The globe was divided in 11 regions, according to geographic and cultural criteria. Information was gathered from the corporate web sites of the ten major banks in each region, and their contents were analyzed. Geographic patterns and the correlation to universal development indicators were studied.Findings– The banks disclose on their web sites information on environmental management and socioeconomic programs. Other recurrent themes are the support to education, fight against corruption, workers’ welfare, corporate ethics and the existence of codes of conduct. There are geographic patterns in the quantity and detail of the information provided, as well as in the themes mentioned. The banks located in Europe, the American continent, and Oceania, are those who disclose more information. This confirms that the disclosure of social responsibility by the banks is larger and more detailed according to the development indexes of the country where they operate.Originality/value– The work studies the disclosure on the internet of information on social responsibility by the banks, being the first work to do it at the world level. This way, it provides a significant contribution to identify the themes that are more often disclosed and to establish comparisons between geographic areas.
Application of fuzzy axiomatic design methodology for selection of design alternatives
Authors: Vinodh S. , Kamala V. , Jayakrishna K. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report a research conducted to apply fuzzy axiomatic design approach for selecting the design alternatives of an overflow valve.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach started with the identification of functional requirements (FRs) and design parameters (DPs) and the relationship between them to select the best design alternative. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process was used to calculate the weightage of FRs. The independence and information axioms were being deployed to validate the selection process.

Findings
– The most important FRs being identified include “improve manufacturability and adaptability”, “improve ease of operation” and “provide strength and reliability”. The most important DPs are design unification on washer and outlet valve, material selection for improving the strength and reliability and pressure change to check whether the valve is withstanding the pressure using flow analysis. The best design alternative (A1) which deals with material substitution is being implemented in the case organization. The proposed methodology also enables contemporary design engineers to effectively select the best design among a set of alternatives in a fuzzy environment.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper presents the application of fuzzy axiomatic design for selecting the best design alternative of an overflow valve. The identified best design is being subjected to implementation in the case organization.

Practical implications
– The industry decision makers were involved throughout the conduct of the study. Hence, the inferences derived from the study possess practical feasibility.

Originality/value
– The application of the fuzzy axiomatic design approach for selecting the best design alternative of an overflow valve is the original contribution of the authors. Also, the practical feasibility of the approach is also being exemplified.
Osmia cornifrons vitellogenin: cDNA cloning, structural analysis and developmental expression
Authors: Lee Kyeong Yong , Yoon Hyung Joo , Jin Byung Rae 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOsmia cornifrons plays a major role in the pollination of orchards, but basic information on vitellogenin and oocyte development is limited. To better understand vitellogenin in hymenopteran insects, we cloned a cDNA encoding vitellogenin from the hornfaced bee O. cornifrons. Osmia cornifrons vitellogenin cDNA contains 5477 bp with an open reading frame of 1783 amino acid residues, and has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 200.21 kDa and a pI of 6.55. Osmia cornifrons vitellogenin possesses four consensus (RXXR/S) cleavage sites and has conserved DGXR and GL/ICG motifs in the C‐terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence of the O. cornifrons vitellogenin cDNA showed a 66% identity with Megachile rotundata, 53% to Apis mellifera, 51% to Bombus ignitus and 42%–30% with other hymenopteran insect vitellogenins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that O. cornifrons vitellogenin clustered with vitellogenins from Megachilidae, Apidae, Vespidae and Formicidae species but not with those from Pteromalidae, Aphelinidae or Ichneumonidae species. The expression profile of O. cornifrons vitellogenin mRNA during development revealed that O. cornifrons vitellogenin was first detected in the pupal stage and was continuously detected during the adult stage. Interestingly, O. cornifrons vitellogenin mRNA expression was low in mid‐diapause, then gradually increased beginning on day 3 of the newly emerged adult stage, and subsequently declined. These results suggest that the expression level of O. cornifrons vitellogenin mRNA is stage‐specific.
Fabrication of SERS‐Active Substrates using Silver Nanofilm‐Coated Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide for Detection of Antibiotics
Authors: Chen Jing , Feng Shaolong , Gao Fang , Grant Edward , Xu Jie , Wang Shuo , Huang Qian , Lu Xiaonan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe have developed a silver nanofilm‐coated porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active substrate for the detection of trace level of chloramphenicol, a representative antibiotic in food systems. The ordered aluminum template generated during the synthesis of AAO serves as a patterned matrix on which a coated silver film replicates the patterned AAO matrix to form a 2‐dimensional ordered nanostructure. We used atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images to determine the morphology of this nanosubstrate, and characterized its localized surface plasmon resonance by ultraviolet‐visible reflection. We gauged the SERS effect of this nanosubstrate by confocal micro‐Raman spectroscopy (782‐nm laser), finding a satisfactory and consistent performance with enhancement factors of approximately 2 × 104 and a limit of detection for chloramphenicol of 7.5 ppb. We applied principal component analysis to determine the limit of quantification for chloramphenicol of 10 ppb. Using electromagnetic field theory, we developed a detailed mathematical model to explain the mechanism of Raman signal enhancement of this nanosubstrate. With simple sample pretreatment and separation steps, this silver nanofilm‐coated AAO substrate could detect 50 ppb chloramphenicol in milk, indicating good potential as a reliable SERS‐active substrate for rapid detection of chemical contaminants in agricultural and food products.
Secondary Calcification of Planktic Foraminifera from the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean
Authors: Rahul MOHAN , Suhas S. SHETYE , Manish TIWARI , Narayanpillai ANILKUMAR 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study focused on planktic foraminifera in plankton tows and surface sediments from the western Indian sector of Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the potential foraminiferal secondary calcification and/or dissolution in the sediment. It is found that the symbiotic foraminiferal species are abundant in the subtropical region, whereas non‐symbiotic species dominate in the sub‐Antarctic and polar frontal regions. The distribution of the symbiotic and non‐symbiotic foraminiferal species is controlled by temperature, salinity, light, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. There is also a lateral southern extent in abundance of planktic foraminifera from surface sediments to plankton tows. The shell weights of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma, G. bulloides and G. ruber within the surface sediments are on an average heavier by 27%, 34% and 40% respectively than shells of the same size within the plankton tows, indicative of secondary calcification. The planktic foraminiferal isotopes show the presence of heavier isotopes in the surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, thus confirming secondary calcification. Secondary calcification in G. ruber occurs in the euphotic zone, whereas in case of N. pachyderma and G. bulloides it is at deeper depths. We also observed a decrease in the shell spines in surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, indicative of the morphological changes that foraminifera underwent during gametogenesis.
Morphometrics of Heliolites (Tabulata) from the Late Ordovician, Yushan, Jiangxi, South China
Authors: Mingjian DAI , Lu LIU , Dong‐Jin LEE , Yunbiao PENG , Aisheng MIAO 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Upper Ordovician Xiazhen Formation in the Jiangshan‐Changshan‐Yushan (JCY) triangle area on the Zhejiang‐Jiangxi provincial border, South China, is composed of a mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic sequence representing various shallow‐water platform environments. Highly diversified and abundant heliolitid coral faunas are recognized in the formation and occur over time and space in certain stratigraphic horizons and various lithofacies. Heliolites has been studied using multivariate morphometric analysis applied to differentiate species and evaluate intraspecific and interspecific variations. Ten morphological characters quantified by examination and measurement from transverse and longitudinal thin sections and statistically tested allowed selection of effective characters to discriminate species. Results of frequency histograms, correlation analysis and principle component analysis indicated that certain characters would be suitable for cluster analysis, which were performed on principle component score matrices obtained from the raw data set coordinated with coralla by all those characters. Five major clusters at a relative distance of five on the resulting dendrogram of Heliolites are regarded as morphospecies thus making valid taxa: Heliolites tashanensis Lin and Chow, 1977; Heliolites caracolica (Lin and Chow, 1977); Heliolites columella (Lin and Chow, 1977); Heliolites waicunensis Lin and Chow, 1977; and H. sinensis irregularis Lin and Chow, 1977. The discrimination of these morphospecies by the cluster analysis is verified by discriminant analyses and descriptive statistics.
Fractal Characteristics of Fault Structures and Their Use for Mapping Ore‐prospecting Potential in the Qitianling Area, Southern Hunan Province, China
Authors: Nan WANG , Yongshun LIU , Nian PENG , Cailai WU , Ningqiang LIU , Baofeng NIE , Xiaoyu YANG 
Published: March 2015

AbstractQuantitative analyses of the spatial distribution of fault structures can provide a theoretical basis for forecasting prospective ore deposits. Characteristics and complexity of fault structure distribution in the Qitianling area, Southern Hunan Province, China, were quantitatively calculated and appraised by fractal and multifractal methods to evaluate the relation between fault structures and ore‐prospecting potential. The results show that the lengths of faults can be modeled as multifractals. Multifractal spectra evidently reflect the characteristics of the scaling of fault structures. The box‐counting dimension value (D) of fault structures is equal to 1.656, as indicates complexity of the spatial distribution of faults and favorable structural conditions for the formation of ore deposits. Moreover, the D values of sub‐regions were calculated and isopleths of their fractal dimension values were plotted accordingly. Overlay analyses of isopleths of fractal dimension values and distributions of known ore deposits show that areas with the larger fractal dimension values of fault structures have more ore deposits. This spatial coupling relationship between D values and ore deposits can be used to forecast and explore other ore deposits. On the basis of complexity theory for ore‐forming systems, three exploration targets with high D values were delineated as prospective ore deposits.
Fission Track Thermochronology Evidence for the Cretaceous and Paleogene Tectonic Event of Nyainrong Microcontinent, Tibet
Authors: Lu LU , Zhen ZHAO , Zhenhan WU , Cheng QIAN , Peisheng YE 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFission track dating was applied to analyze the 20 samples from Nyainrong microcontinent, and we obtained 20 apatite and 15 zircon fission track ages. The results show single population grain ages with a single mean age and associated central ages mainly ranging from 108±7Ma to 35±4Ma. Their mean track lengths are 12.2–13.9 μm with a single peak. Zircon fission track age range from 78±3 Ma to 117±4 Ma. The results represented the two tectonic uplift events in the study area, namely the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. According to thermal history modeling results, uplifting rates of two tectonic events is 0.31–0.1 mm/a and 0.07–0.04 mm/a respectively. Combined with field condition and study results, it is suggested that the Cretaceous tectonic uplift event was related to the closure ocean basin caused by Qaingtang Lhasa collision, and the Paleogene tectonic uplift event was related to the south to thrust system caused by Indo‐Asian collision.
Exhumation History of the Xining Basin Since the Mesozoic and Its Tectonic Significance
Authors: Yannan WANG , Jin ZHANG , Wenhua QI , Shan GUO 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Xining Basin is located in the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, and its continuous Cenozoic strata record the entire uplift and outgrowth history of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic. The newly obtained apatite fission track data presented here shows that the Xining Basin and two marginal mountain ranges have experienced multiphase rapid cooling since the Jurassic, as follows. In the Middle—Late Jurassic, the rapid exhumation of the former Xining Basin resulted from collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Tarim Block. During the Early‐Late Cretaceous, the former Xining Basin underwent a tectonic event due to marginal compression, causing the angular unconformity between the Upper and Lower Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic, collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Lhasa Block may have resulted in the rapid exhumation of the Xining Basin and the Lajishan to the south. In the Early Cenozoic (ca. 50–30 Ma), collision between the Indian and Eurasia plates affected the region that corresponds to the present northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. During this period, the central Qilian Block rotated clockwise by approximately 24° to form a wedge‐shaped basin (Le., the Xining Basin) opening to the west. During ca. 17–8 Ma, the entire northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau underwent dramatic deformation, and the Lajishan uplifted rapidly owing to the northward compression of the Guide Basin from the south. A marked change in subsidence occurred in the Xining Basin during this period, when the basin was tectonically inverted.
Geochemistry, U‐Pb Geochronology and Sr‐Nd‐Hf Isotopes of the Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Da Hinggan Mountains
Authors: Xinlu HU , Shuzhen YAO , Mouchun HE , Zhenju DING , Bin CHEN 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhole‐rock geochemical, zircon U‐Pb geochronological and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic data are presented for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. The volcanic rocks generally display high SiO2 (73.19–77.68 wt%) and Na2O+K2O (6.53–8.98 wt%) contents, with enrichment in Rb, Th, U, Pb and LREE, and depletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Three rhyolite samples, one rhyolite porphyry sample, and one volcanic breccia sample yield weighted mean 206pb/238U ages of 135.1±1.2 Ma, 116.5±1.1 Ma, 121.9±1.0 Ma, 118.1±0.9 Ma and 116.9±1.4 Ma, respectively. All these rocks have moderate (87Sr/86Sr)i values of 0.704912 to 0.705896, slightly negative εNd(t) values of –1.4 to –0.1, and positive εHf(t) values of 3.7 to 8. Their zircon Hf and whole‐rock Nd isotopic model ages range from 594 to 1024 Ma. These results suggest that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks were originated from melting of subducted oceanic crust and associated sediments during the closure of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean.
VirtualCom: a simulation model for eco‐evolutionary community assembly and invasion
Authors: Münkemüller Tamara , Gallien Laure 
Published: March 2015

Summary

What is the relative importance of environmental filtering and competition in community assembly and invasion? At large spatial scales and for species‐rich systems, this question can be answered by studying functional and phylogenetic diversity patterns. The greater availability of community composition surveys, functional trait data bases and/or phylogenies from across a wide range of ecosystems has led to a significant increase in studies based on the analysis of diversity patterns. However, the underlying conceptual and methodological assumptions have recently been put into question, requiring rigorous evaluation of their reliability.

In order to test these underlying assumptions, we need to be able to compare diversity patterns with their true underlying processes. For empirical data, we usually do not know these underlying processes, but for virtual data generated by simulation models, this information is available. Using two illustrative examples, we introduce VirtualCom, a simulation model that generates such data sets. Integrating both ecological and evolutionary processes, VirtualCom simulates the evolution of the pool of regionally occurring species, the process‐based assembly of native communities and the invasion of novel species into native communities.

The model provides functionalities for a variety of processes. Most importantly, in the simulation of the species pool, different trait evolution models allow the generation of clustered and random trait distributions in the phylogeny (resulting in varying strength of phylogenetic signal). Additionally, when the species assemble from the species pool into local communities based on their trait values, the relative strength of environmental filtering and competition can be set independently.

By offering possibilities for a broad range of simulation‐based modelling experiments, VirtualCom is a simple and readily usable tool that will help to resolve theoretical and methodological issues in community ecology.
Inferring species extinction: the use of sighting records
Authors: Boakes Elizabeth H. , Rout Tracy M. , Collen Ben 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Accurate measures of extinction are needed in biodiversity monitoring and conservation management, but ascertaining the exact time at which a species became extinct is difficult since a small population may go undetected for many years.
For little‐studied species, often the only information available is historical sighting data. Several statistical tests have been developed which use this information to make inferences about a species’ extinction. The increasing array of methods can present a daunting choice.
We review the more frequently cited methods, for each model explaining its assumptions, the data required, the scenarios it was developed for and power considerations, if known. We provide guidance on selecting the most appropriate method for a particular sighting record.
We give examples from the literature to show how the methods have been usefully applied across conservation research, informing conservation decision‐making and extinction inference.