bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Visual Challenges: How Parkinson's Disease Alters Cognitive Priorities in Visual Search
Authors: Balta Beylergil Sinem , Skelly Peggy , Quagraine Ibrahim , Kilbane Camilla , Ghasia Fatema F. , Shaikh Aasef G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) hampers visual search tasks such as reading, driving, and navigation. We examined expectations from past experiences, guiding cognition and contextual priors, on visual search in PD.MethodsWe compared eye movements as PD and healthy participants searched for a hidden object (target) in cluttered real‐world scenes.ResultsPD participants prolonged fixation on high‐probability (high‐prior) locations for the target, consistent across expected and unexpected scenario. Such emphasis on contextual visual priors, evidenced by high fixation duration on high‐probability areas, was beneficial when the target was at the expected location but presented challenges when the target was situated in an unlikely place.ConclusionThis study contributes to understanding how PD impacts visual search behavior and cognitive processing. The findings indicate that PD alters attention allocation and visual processing by affecting the utilization of contextual visual priors. It provides insights for potential interventions targeting visuo‐cognitive deficits in PD patients.
Gait Analysis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics in Patients with Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Sarasso Elisabetta , Gardoni Andrea , Marelli Sara , Balestrino Roberta , Zenere Lucia , Castelnuovo Alessandra , Malcangi Massimo , Basaia Silvia , Grassi Andrea , Tettamanti Andrea , Canu Elisa , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Filippi Massimo , Agosta Federica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIsolated rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder (iRBD) can precede neurodegenerative diseases. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to aid early intervention and neuroprotection.ObjectiveThe aim is to assess quantitative motor, cognitive, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in iRBD patients.MethodsThirty‐eight polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD patients and 28 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls underwent clinical, cognitive, and motor functional evaluations, along with brain MRI. Motor tasks included nine‐hole peg test, five‐times‐sit‐to‐stand test, timed‐up‐and‐go test, and 4‐meter walking test with and without cognitive dual task. Quantitative spatiotemporal gait parameters were obtained using an optoelectronic system. Brain MRI analysis included functional connectivity (FC) of the main resting‐state networks, gray matter (GM) volume using voxel‐based morphometry, cortical thickness, and deep GM and brainstem volumes using FMRIB's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool and FreeSurfer.ResultsiRBD patients relative to healthy subjects exhibited a poorer performance during the nine‐hole peg test and five‐times‐sit‐to‐stand test, and greater asymmetry of arm‐swing amplitude and stride length variability during dual‐task gait. Dual task significantly worsened the walking performance of iRBD patients more than healthy controls. iRBD patients exhibited nonmotor symptoms, and memory, abstract reasoning, and visuospatial deficits. iRBD patients exhibited decreased FC of pallidum and putamen within the basal ganglia network and occipital and temporal areas within the visuo‐associative network, and a reduced volume of the supramarginal gyrus. Brain functional alterations correlated with gait changes.ConclusionsSubtle motor and nonmotor alterations were identified in iRBD patients, alongside brain structural and functional MRI changes. These findings may represent early signs of neurodegeneration and contribute to the development of predictive models for progression to parkinsonism. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Effects of Anthocyanins on Cognition and Vascular Function: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ellis Lucy R. , Boesch Christine , Dye Louise 
Published: July 2024

ScopeGood vascular function is crucial for cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance. Diets high in anthocyanins have been shown to improve vascular function and are associated with improvements in cognition. This systematic review investigates randomized controlled trials examining the impact of anthocyanin intake on both cognition and vascular function.Methods and resultsOf the 1486 studies identified through searching Ovid Medline and AMED, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus, 20 studies are selected which measured cognitive and vascular function. Overall, positive effects on verbal and working memory are observed, which are supported by studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate increased blood flow in brain regions related to these cognitive domains. However, effects of anthocyanins on blood pressure and markers of endothelial function are inconsistent.ConclusionThis systematic review provides evidence for a positive effect of anthocyanins on cognition and insight into the relevance of endothelial function. Anthocyanins are widely available and can be easily consumed in a range of different fruits, vegetables, and other products. Further studies should establish the optimal daily intake of anthocyanins for cardiovascular and cognitive health.
On crack simulation by mixed‐dimensional coupling in GFEM with global‐local enrichments
Authors: Gomes Lorena L. , Barros Felicio B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA strategy that combines the global‐local version of the generalized finite element method (GFEM) with a mixed‐dimensional coupling iterative method is proposed to simulate two‐dimensional crack propagation in structures globally represented by Timoshenko‐frame models. The region of interest called the local problem, where the crack propagates, is represented by a 2D elasticity model, where a fine mesh of plane stress/strain elements and special enrichment functions are used to describe this phenomenon accurately. A model of Timoshenko‐frame elements simulates the overall behavior of the structure. A coarse mesh of plane stress/strain elements provides a bridge between these two representation scales. The mixed‐dimensional coupling method imposes displacement compatibility and stress equilibrium at the interface between the two different element types by an iterative procedure based on the principle of virtual work. After establishing the constraint equations for the interface, the 2D elasticity model is related to the small‐scale model by the global‐local enrichment strategy of GFEM. In such a strategy, the numerical solutions of the local problem subjected to boundary conditions derived from the global‐scale problem enrich the approximation of this same global problem in an iterative procedure. Each step of the crack propagation requires a new sequence of this iterative global‐local procedure. On the other hand, the constraint equation for the interface is defined only once. The crack representation in a confined region by the global‐local strategy avoids a remeshing that would require new constraint equations. Two numerical problems illustrate the proposed strategy and assess the influence of the analysis parameters.
Multi‐material topology optimization considering arbitrary strength and yield criteria constraints with single‐variable interpolation
Authors: Ding Wenjie , Liao Haitao , Yuan Xujin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaterial heterogeneity gives composite constructions unique mechanical and physical qualities. Combining multiple materials takes full use of these features in stress‐constrained topology optimization. Traditional research in this field often assumes a consistent yield criterion for all possible materials but adapts their stiffness and strengths accordingly. To cope with this challenge, an innovative single‐variable interpolation approach is proposed to enable the simultaneous inclusion of distinct yield criteria and material strengths. A stress‐constrained topology optimization formulation is presented based on this yield function interpolation method, which can independently support various materials with different elastic characteristics, material strengths, and yield criteria. Then, the large‐scale problem of local stress constraints can be effectively solved by the Augmented Lagrangian (AL) method. Several two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) design scenarios are investigated to reduce the overall mass of the structure while considering stress constraints. The optimal composite designs exhibit several crucial benefits resulting from material heterogeneity, including the enlargement of the design possibilities, the dispersion of stress, and the utilization of asymmetry in tension‐compression strength.
Hot and cold: How do consumers hate and forgive offending charity brands?
Authors: Ren Chen , Moisieiev Dmytro , Rodrigo Padmali , Johnson Emma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen brands transgress, consumers often react by hating them and sometimes forgiving them. Charity brands transgress, too, including serious transgressions of a sexual nature or against children. Charity brands contribute greatly to the economy, but differ from for‐profit brands in their nature and do transgress; yet whether charity brands are hated and forgiven similarly to for‐profit brands has not been researched adequately. Our study aimed to build a framework that demonstrates the antecedents of charity brand hate, the emotions associated with different types of charity brand hate and the behavioural consequences of charity brand hate, including brand forgiveness. We adopted a qualitative approach that involved collecting data from 26 semi‐structured interviews and analysing it thematically. The findings of this study advance the current understanding of brand hate and brand forgiveness by identifying the emotional outcome (feeling of suspicion and hurt) and behavioural outcomes (distancing from charity brands and practising financial punishment) associated with charity brand transgressions. In the long term, interviewees display the intention to reconnect with charity brands and to forgive transgressing charity brands due to the benevolence associated with them. Therefore, we also contribute to the brand forgiveness literature by highlighting the nature of the forgiveness (forgiving is given to the charity brands, not the individual employees responsible) and the steps consumers take to forgive the charity brands (step one when charity brands fix their wrongdoing, and step two when charity brands continue helping people in need). Finally, we identified that brand switching (switching to donating to new charity brands offering similar support and help) is the behaviour consequence when charity brands are not forgiven.
Symptomatology in Unilateral Versus Bilateral Superior Canal Dehiscence Patients Undergoing Unilateral Surgery
Authors: Suresh Krish , Garcia Alejandro , Nwosu Obinna , Bartholomew Ryan A. , Song Yohan , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare symptomatology in patients with unilateral versus bilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence who underwent unilateral surgical repair.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle surgeon series at tertiary academic medical center from 2002 to 2021.MethodsPatients were administered a standardized questionnaire regarding the presence or absence of 16 symptoms (11 auditory and 8 vestibular) pre‐ and postoperatively. Symptom rates were compared between patients with unilateral and bilateral dehiscence, and paired statistical testing was used to analyze symptom improvement with surgery.ResultsOur final cohort included 125 patients, 93 (74%) with unilateral superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) and 32 (26%) with bilateral SCDS. Bilateral patients had an increased burden of auditory and vestibular symptoms compared to unilateral patients before surgery (7.6 vs 6.2, P = .03) and after surgery (3.1 vs 1.9, P = .02). Both groups experienced a significant reduction of symptoms following repair (P < .01 for both).ConclusionOur study has 2 key findings: First, patients with bilateral dehiscence seem to be more symptomatic, reporting more auditory and vestibular symptoms both before and after surgery. Second, bilateral patients still seem to benefit from unilateral repair, demonstrating a significant reduction in the number of symptoms with surgery. Our findings may help inform the management of the sizable proportion of SCDS patients with bilateral defects.
Longitudinal associations of internalized weight stigma with physical activity and weight loss
Authors: Sheynblyum Miriam , Wadden Thomas A. , Latner Janet D. , Pearl Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveCross‐sectional research has demonstrated that internalized weight stigma (IWS) is associated with less engagement in weight management behaviors, including physical activity. However, limited research has explored longitudinal relationships among IWS, physical activity, and weight loss. This study examined longitudinal associations of changes in IWS, physical activity, and weight and tested whether physical activity mediated the relationship between IWS and weight change.MethodsIndividuals with obesity and high IWS (N = 105) participated in a 72‐week behavioral weight loss intervention, with or without a weight stigma intervention. Measures of IWS (Weight Self‐Stigma Questionnaire), physical activity (accelerometry and self‐report), and weight were collected at baseline and weeks 20, 46 and 72. Correlations examined relationships among changes in variables from baseline to all timepoints, controlling for treatment condition. Mediation, controlling for treatment condition, tested whether IWS reductions during the first 20 weeks predicted greater weight loss at weeks 46 and 72 via increased physical activity between weeks 20 and 46 or 72.ResultsDecreases in IWS at week 20 were associated with greater week‐20 weight loss (r = 0.265, p = 0.012). Physical activity was not a significant mediator, but greater reductions in IWS at week 20 predicted greater week‐46 weight loss with or without controlling for physical activity (WSSQ: b = 0.30, confidence interval: 0.12, 0.54). Significant associations were not found at week 72.ConclusionInitial reductions in IWS were associated with greater week‐46 weight loss. Further research should investigate whether reducing IWS early in obesity treatment enhances long‐term outcomes.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03704064).
Adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations of youth: Demographic differences from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018
Authors: Mokari‐Yamchi Amin , Brazendale Keith , Faghfouri Amir Hossein , Mohammadpour Yousef , Gheibi Shahsanam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEngaging in physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviors among youth are linked to improved mental and physical health. This study aimed to examine demographic differences among youth adhering to PA and Screen Time (ST) recommendations.MethodsThe present study utilized data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The NHANES survey employed a cross‐sectional design and gathered information on the daily duration of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA lasting 60 min or more, as well as the maximum daily ST not exceeding 2 h. The analysis encompassed a total of 1697 youth aged between 6 and 17 years.ResultsOverall, 36.3% of participants adhered to PA recommendations, 20.9% adhered to ST recommendations and 10.8% of youth met both recommendations. The odds of meeting PA, ST and both recommendations were inversely associated with obesity (obese vs. normal: aOR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.42–0.75]), (aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.48–0.94]) and (aOR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.32–0.82]) respectively, and age (14–17 years vs. 6–9 years: aOR, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.15–0.27]), (aOR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.23–0.47]) and (aOR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.09–0.3]) respectively.ConclusionA small portion of the youth met PA and ST recommendations. Older youth, youth with obesity, and youth with a parent or guardian who had not completed a high school education were particularly at risk.
Carbon Footprint Reduction Associated With Multidisciplinary Pediatric Airway Clinics: A Program Evaluation Study
Authors: Zgardau Alina , Hathi Kalpesh , Fowler James , Mullowney Tara , Price April , Husein Murad , Graham M. Elise , Dzioba Agnieszka , Madou Edward , Strychowsky Julie E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveHealth care is a significant contributor to the climate crisis. Multidisciplinary clinics (MDC) may reduce carbon emissions by combining multiple appointments into one. This is the first program evaluation study to quantify the carbon footprint associated with multidisciplinary pediatric airway clinics.Study DesignRetrospective.SettingChildren's Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, London, Canada.MethodsPediatric airway MDC allows patients to see otolaryngology and respirology in one appointment. The carbon and financial savings (Canadian Dollars) of all patients attending the MDC from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were calculated. Patient postal codes and institutional parking rates were inputted into the CASCADES carbon accounting tool. Total distance was divided into unsustainable (vehicles) and sustainable (transit, walking, cycling) transportation to calculate carbon emissions. Travel costs included cost/kilometer for vehicles (maintenance, license/registration, insurance, fuel) and costs/ride for transit.ResultsA total of 560 MDC appointments for 300 patients saved 77,785 km. Total carbon emissions saved from travel averted was 16.21 tonnes. The total carbon emissions saved, minus public transit, was 15.60 tonnes. Using the Natural Resources Canada Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, 16.21 tonnes are approximately equivalent to 5 passenger vehicles, 6906 L of gasoline, 3.8 homes' energy, and 10.8 homes' electricity use for one year, 36.6 barrels of oil consumed, and 675 propane cylinders. Travel costs of $28,891.83 (no parking), $30,519.40 ($4 minimum parking fee), or $33,774.55 ($12 maximum parking fee) were saved.ConclusionMDC effectively reduced carbon emissions and offered patients financial savings. Similar models can be adapted across institutions to help mitigate climate change.
Plasma treated‐double layer electrospun fiber mats from thermoplastic polyurethane and gelatin for wound healing applications
Authors: Yıldırım Arzu , Erdoğan Eray Sarper , Caglayan Seyma , Keskinkaya Rüya , Turker Yurdanur , Karbancıoğlu‐Güler Funda , Dikmetaş Dilara Nur , Batirel Saime , Taygun Melek Erol , Guner F. Seniha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConventional wound treatment options provide a barrier against exogenous microbial penetration but cannot simultaneously provide an antibacterial characteristic and promote healing. However, bioactive dressings can accelerate wound healing and have an antibacterial effect in addition to being able to cover and protect lesions. In this study, double‐layer thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐gelatin fibrous dressings that mimic the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin were fabricated via electrospinning technique. As a bioactive agent, Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) was utilized to impart antibacterial and therapeutic properties to the dressings. Tannic acid was also used in fiber mat formulations as a cross‐linking agent. Oxygen plasma treatment was applied as a surface activation technique to improve adhesion of TPU and gelation layers. The fiber structure of the mats was revealed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to demonstrate HPO loading onto the mats. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and fluid absorbency of the mats were compared with some commercial dressings. According to these results, it can be suggested that the mats can be used for moderate to high exudative wounds. All dressings, even the control sample showed antibacterial features against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria due to the tannic acid. In vitro wound healing assays were carried out on the plasma‐treated sample and it was observed that the sample did not negatively affect the migration and proliferation abilities of the cells which are necessary for wound healing. Overall results indicated that the plasma‐treated fibrous mat would be a good candidate as a wound dressing material having an antibacterial character.
SegNet‐VOLOmodel for classifying microplastic contaminants in water bodies
Authors: Thavasimuthu Rajendran , Vidhya P. M. , Sridhar S. , Sherubha P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent times, microplastics (MPs) have emerged as notable contaminants within several environments, especially in water bodies. The characterization and description of MPs necessitate extensive and laborious analytical methods, making this part of MPs research an essential issue. In this research, SegNet‐Vision Outlooker (VOLO), a computer vision and deep learning (DL)‐based model, is proposed for detecting and classifying MPs present in a water environment. This research model includes step‐by‐step processes such as data collection, preprocessing, filtering and enhancement, augmentation, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification for detecting MPs. The key objective of this research model is to improve the classification accuracy in detecting MPs and to validate the model's effectiveness in handling holographic images. The Holographic Image MPs dataset is collected and used to evaluate the model. In preprocessing, image rescaling is performed to match the proposed model's input resolution as 224 × 224. After rescaling, the images are applied to remove noise using a bilateral filtering technique. The contrast‐limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) method is applied to enhance the image with better contrast and brightness, which helps the model to segment and classify the images accurately. The enhanced images are applied to the SegNet model for segmentation, which segmented the images according to the MP classes. Based on the segmented images, the VOLO‐D1 model extracted the features and classified the images to detect the MPs present in the images. The SegNet‐VOLO model attained 97.70% detection rate, 98.26% accuracy, 98.13% F1‐score, and 98.62% precision. These performances are compared with the various existing models discussed in the review, where the research model outperformed all the models with better performances.