bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuron type‐ and input pathway‐dependent expression of Slc4a10 in adult mouse brains
Authors: Song Xiaohong , Yamasaki Miwako , Miyazaki Taisuke , Konno Kohtarou , Uchigashima Motokazu , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSlc4a10 was originally identified as a Na+‐driven Cl−/HCO3− exchanger NCBE that transports extracellular Na+ and HCO3− in exchange for intracellular Cl−, whereas other studies argue against a Cl−‐dependence for Na+–HCO3− transport, and thus named it the electroneutral Na+/HCO3− cotransporter NBCn2. Here we investigated Slc4a10 expression in adult mouse brains by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Slc4a10 mRNA was widely expressed, with higher levels in pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, parvalbumin‐positive interneurons in the hippocampus, and Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellum. Immunohistochemistry revealed an uneven distribution of Slc4a10 within the somatodendritic compartment of cerebellar neurons. In the cerebellar molecular layer, stellate cells and their innervation targets (i.e. PC dendrites in the superficial molecular layer) showed significantly higher labeling than basket cells and their targets (PC dendrites in the basal molecular layer and PC somata). Moreover, the distal dendritic trees of PCs (i.e. parallel fiber‐targeted dendrites) had significantly greater labeling than the proximal dendrites (climbing fiber‐targeted dendrites). These observations suggest that Slc4a10 expression is regulated in neuron type‐ and input pathway‐dependent manners. Because such an elaborate regulation is also found for K+–Cl− cotransporter KCC2, a major neuronal Cl− extruder, we compared their expression. Slc4a10 and KCC2 overlapped in most somatodendritic elements. However, relative abundance was largely complementary in the cerebellar cortex, with particular enrichments of Slc4a10 in PC dendrites and KCC2 in molecular layer interneurons, granule cells and PC somata. These properties might reflect functional redundancy and distinction of these transporters, and their differential requirements by individual neurons and respective input domains.
Cash Flow Multipliers and Optimal Investment Decisions
Authors: Kraft Holger , Schwartz Eduardo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractValuation multipliers are frequently used in practice. By postulating a simple stochastic process for the firm's cash flows in which the drift and the variance of the process depend on the investment policy, we develop a stylised model that links the cash flow multiplier to the optimal investment policy. Our model implies that the multiplier increases with investment at a decreasing rate. On the other hand, the multiplier is inversely related to discount rates. Using an extensive data set we examine the implications of our model. We find strong support for the variables postulated by the model.
Airborne particulates (PM10) and tracheal mucus: A case–control study at anAmerican Thoroughbred racetrack
Authors: Millerick‐May M. L. , Karmaus W. , Derksen F. J. , Berthold B. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyParticle mapping within stalls has demonstrated a relationship between particulate concentrations and visible accumulations of tracheal mucus. However, measurement of breathing zone particulate concentrations, which is the most accurate way to measure exposure, has not been performed to determine the relationship between exposures and accumulations of tracheal mucus sufficient to affect performance.ObjectivesTo compare breathing zone particulate exposures between horses with tracheal mucus scores (MS) previously demonstrated to affect performance (MS≥2) and those without (MS= 0) visible tracheal mucus.Study designCase–control study.MethodsWe endoscopically examined 649 Thoroughbred racehorses over 7 months and selected 113 age‐matched cases and controls based on the presence (MS≥2) or absence (MS= 0) of tracheal mucus, respectively. Inflammatory cell numbers in tracheal lavage were also determined. Breathing zone monitors recorded particulate exposure during 3 time periods (mid‐day, evening and overnight). Total recording time averaged 17.5 h/horse.ResultsThe overall prevalence ofMS≥2 in the observed stables was 23%. Breathing zone particular matter (PM10) concentrations were very similar to previously reported ambient concentrations. During the evening and overnight, cases had significantly higher breathing zonePM10 concentrations and neutrophil counts than controls. Inflammatory cell counts were associated with averagePM10 concentrations throughout the day.ConclusionsBreathing zone particulate concentrations are associated withMS≥2 and inflammatory cell numbers. If breathing zone particulate exposures are predominantly influenced by ambientPMconcentrations, racing stable management practices to reduce particle exposures should greatly reduce the prevalence of tracheal mucus.
In vivo study of targeted nanomedicine delivery into Langerhans cells by multiphoton laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Kolonics Attila , Csiszovszki Zsolt , Tőke Enikő R. , Lőrincz Orsolya , Haluszka Dóra , Szipőcs Róbert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEpidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) function as professional antigen‐presenting cells of the skin. We investigated the LC‐targeting properties of a special mannose–moiety‐coated pathogen‐like synthetic nanomedicine DermaVir (DV), which is capable to express antigens to induce immune responses and kill HIV‐infected cells. Our aim was to use multiphoton laser microscopy (MLM) in vivo in order to visualize the uptake of Alexa‐labelled DV (AF546‐DV) by LCs. Knock‐in mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the langerin gene (CD207) were used to visualize LCs. After 1 h, AF546‐DV penetrated the epidermis and entered the eGFP‐LCs. The AF546‐DV signal was equally distributed inside the LCs. After 9 h, we observed AF546‐DV signal accumulation that occurred mainly at the cell body. We demonstrated in live animals that LCs picked up and accumulated the nanoparticles in the cell body.
Migration, religion and post‐imperial formations
Authors: HANSEN THOMAS BLOM 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMost scholarship on international migration focuses on the incorporation of ethnic and religious minorities into societies in Europe and North America. Much of this work overlooks that a very substantial part of contemporary flows of migration happen within well‐trodden pathways of language, commercial ties and cultural imagination established by colonial empires and the networks of exchange and control they enabled. Adopting a notion of the post‐imperial formation as a crucial economic and cultural factor in contemporary migration flows affords one to understand a much broader set of migratory movements beyond the Euro‐American context. In this article, I explore two such examples – migration to Johannesburg and Durban in South Africa, and labour migration from the Indian subcontinent to the Gulf States – in the light of how movement of labour, commercial transactions and religious‐cultural difference were managed within the British imperial and post‐imperial formation.
Travelling faiths and migrant religions: the case of circulating models of da'wa among the Tablighi Jamaat and Foguangshan in Malaysia
Authors: WONG DIANA , LEVITT PEGGY 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this article, we propose conceptual and methodological tools to study religion in motion and make an analytical distinction between two types of religious movement – travelling faiths and migrant religions. Travelling faiths are religious movements with universal claims around which a religious community forms (deterritorialized religions). They travel in order to proselytize. Migrant religions travel within the local ethnic confines of the migrant (and home) population, even as they reterritorialize and adapt to new contexts. Mission is one form that religious travel takes, which, especially in its Christian form, entails reaching out to a religious community with the intent of conversion. But religious outreach undertaken by travelling faiths can, and often is, directed at the existing religious community as a call to renewal and renovation. It involves a kind of conversion, if not to a new faith, then within the existing one. Many travelling faiths remain in their ethno‐linguistic community, even as they embark on their transnational journey. Others succeed in a different kind of movement. Their missions, be they directed at purifying the practices of current members or converting new ones, cross the diasporic ethnic boundary. As we show in the case of Malaysia, part of the success of the Islamic Tablighi Jamaat movement is its ability to traverse that divide, while the Buddhist Foguangshan movement, although enormously successful on a global scale, has remained largely within the ethnic Chinese domain. When religious boundaries are transcended, globality assumes a particular significance.
Seroprevalence, genotypic distribution and potential risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults in Siem Reap, Cambodia
Authors: Yamada Hiroko , Fujimoto Mayumi , Svay Somana , Lim Olline , Hok Sirany , Goto Noboru , Ohisa Masayuki , Akita Tomoyuki , Matsuo Junko , Do Son Huy , Katayama Keiko , Miyakawa Yuzo , Tanaka Junko 
Published: June 2014

AimWe investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among adults in Siem Reap, Cambodia, to consider the prevention strategy in cooperation with the Ministry of Health in Cambodia.MethodsSerological tests for determining HBV and HCV infections and questionnaires were performed from 2010 to 2012 among the general population in the province of Siem Reap. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify the factors related to HBV and HCV infections.ResultsThere were 483 participants, comprising 194 men and 289 women (age range, 18–89 years). The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was not very high at 4.6%, while anti‐hepatitis B core (anti‐HBc) was high at 38.5%. All HBV DNA samples were classified as genotype C. Anti‐HBc showed the trend that the older the age, the higher the positive rate (P = 0.0002). The prevalence of HCV RNA and anti‐HCV were 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively. HCV RNA was detected in 39.3% of anti‐HCV positive samples and most of them were classified as genotype 6 (54.5%) and 1 (27.3%). Remarkably, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, history of operation and blood transfusion were significantly associated with the positivity for HBV infection and HCV RNA, respectively.ConclusionOur results showed that operation and blood transfusion were potential risk factors for HBV and HCV infection, respectively, and supposed that horizontal HBV transmission may be frequent in adults in Cambodia. Hence, for reducing HBV and HCV infections, it is necessary to improve the safety of blood and medical treatment.
Who prefers the ‘cost‐effectiveness ratio’ prioritization approach in health‐care decisions? Results of an empirical analysis
Authors: Damm Kathrin , Prenzler Anne , Zuchandke Andy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe problem of resource scarcity has led to an on‐going debate about priority setting in the health‐care system. Prioritization via the economic‐based cost‐effectiveness ratio (CER), for example, is controversial and has many advocates as well as opponents. Hence, the aim of our research is to analyse the fairness consideration of theCERapproach in comparison with other prioritization approaches and to investigate whether these preferences depend on the field of study.MethodsWe developed and tested a unique questionnaire. Between October 2011 and January 2012, freshmen and advanced university students of medicine, law, economics, philosophy and religion in Germany were asked to choose among four prioritization approaches (CER, minimum health, random selection and age) using a dichotomous choice technique. The data were analysed by descriptive and microeconometric regression techniques.ResultsData on 913 students were included in the study. A majority of the students prioritized cost‐effectiveness second after minimum health. Advanced economics students preferred theCERapproach significantly more than did incoming economics students. The attitudes of the advanced philosophy/religion students towards theCERwere significantly more negative compared with the respective freshmen. Further, gender had a strong, significant impact on attitudes: women chose theCERless often than men did (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that attitudes presented by opinion leaders in the investigated fields of study seem to be in line with the perceptions of the respective fields' advanced students. Because of these differences, the debate on how to deal with scarce resources may remain complicated.
Age‐dependent breeding dispersal and adult survival within a metapopulation ofCommonTernsSterna hirundo
Authors: Breton André R. , Nisbet Ian C. T. , Mostello Carolyn S. , Hatch Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2014

Dispersal is increasingly recognized as a process of fundamental importance in population dynamics and other aspects of biology. Concurrently, interest in age‐dependent effects on survival, including actuarial senescence, has increased, especially in studies of long‐lived seabirds. Nevertheless, datasets necessary for studying dispersal and age‐dependent effects are few, as these require simultaneous data collection at two or more sites over many years. We conducted a 22‐year capture‐mark‐recapture study ofCommonTernsSterna hirundoat three breeding colonies 10–26 km apart inBuzzardsBay,Massachusetts,USA. All birds in the study were of known age (range 2–28 years, median 7 years,n = 3290) and 77% were of known sex. Estimates of adult recapture, survival and breeding dispersal rates were obtained for all age‐classes from 2 to 20 years. The model that acquired 100% of theQAICc(Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size and overdispersion) weight in our analysis included age‐specificity in all parameters but no relationship with sex. Our study may be the first to demonstrate age‐specificity in recapture, survival and breeding dispersal rates simultaneously, using a single model. Annual rates of breeding dispersal ranged from <0.01 to 0.27, with a population‐weighted mean of 0.065; they decreased with increasing distance between colony sites and, unexpectedly, increased with age. Breeding dispersal did not increase consistently after years with predation on adults or after an attempt to displace birds from an oiled site. Survival rates did not vary among sites or years. Annual adult survival increased from 0.80 in 2‐year‐old birds to a maximum of approximately 0.88 around age 8 years and then declined to 0.76 at age 20 years, yielding strong evidence for actuarial senescence. The peak annual survival rate of 0.88 is at the low end of other estimates forCommonTern and in the lower part of the range recorded for other terns, but total numbers in the three colonies increased seven‐fold during the study. This was part of a slower increase in the regional population, with net immigration into the study colonies. Our results demonstrate the biological significance of breeding dispersal in local population dynamics and age‐related effects on survival and dispersal from a metapopulation of a long‐lived seabird.
Associations between the home environment and children's sweet beverage consumption at 2‐year follow‐up: the ‘Be active, eat right’ study
Authors: van Grieken A. , Renders C. M. , van de Gaar V. M. , Hirasing R. A. , Raat H. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundThis study evaluates the association between home environmental characteristics and sweet beverage consumption (i.e. beverages that contain sugar) of 7‐year‐old children.MethodsThe population for analysis consisted of n = 2047 parents and their children from the population‐based ‘Be active, eat right’ study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, parental beliefs, parenting practices and child's sweet beverage consumption were obtained by parental report with questionnaires. We performed linear and multinomial regression analyses evaluating associations between characteristics at age 5 years and (i) consumption at 7 years and (ii) consumption patterns between age 5 and 7 years with reference category ‘low consumption’.ResultsBased on the report from their parents, 5‐year‐old children drank on average 3.0 (SD:1.4) sweet beverage per day. Children consumed less sweet beverages at age 7 years (beta −0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.24 to −0.09) when there were less sweet beverages available at home. The multinomial regression model showed that children with parents who discouraged sweet beverage consumption were more likely to decrease their sweet beverage consumption over the study period (odds ratio: 1.24, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43). Moreover, when there were less sweet beverages available at home, children were less likely to increase their consumption or have a high consumption over the study period (odds ratio: 0.70, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.83 and 0.61, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.70, respectively).ConclusionsThe results showed that characteristics of the home environment are associated with the consumption of sweet beverages among children. Specifically, the availability of sweet beverages at home is associated with the child's sweet beverage consumption.
Pharmaceutical care of older people: what do older people want from community pharmacy?
Authors: Wood Kathryn , Gibson Fiona , Radley Andrew , Williams Brian 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objectives
To explore older people's opinions of current community pharmacy provision and identify potential areas for improvement.

Methods
A pilot focus group was conducted to finalise the topic areas for discussion. Three focus groups and three small group interviews were held with a total of 25 people aged over 65 years. A purposive sampling approach was used to maximise variation in likely responses. All focus group discussions were transcribed and analysed for emerging themes. Data collection continued until saturation was reached. Finally, the themes were taken to a further five community groups to discuss and confirm the findings.

Key findings
Two main interlinked themes emerged around ‘personal and relational factors’ and ‘service factors’. The participants valued continuity of personalised pharmaceutical care and described receiving this care in small community pharmacies. The ability to build a trusting relationship over time was important to the people in this study. There was a lack of awareness of services already available from community pharmacies. Ongoing disruption in the supply of medicines caused problems for this client group, and the complexity of prescription ordering, collection and delivery systems presented challenges for participants. Good communication from the community pharmacy helped to improve the experience.

Conclusion
This study contributes some qualitative data on the opinions of older people about community pharmacies. There may be planning implications for the size of future community pharmacies and the range of services provided. Community pharmacies may need to take a more proactive role in promoting innovative services to older people who may benefit from these services.
Factors influencing registered nurses perception of their overall job satisfaction: a qualitative study
Authors: Atefi N. , Abdullah K.L. , Wong L.P. , Mazlom R. 
Published: June 2014

AimThe purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore factors related to critical care and medical‐surgical nurses' job satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction in Iran.BackgroundJob satisfaction is an important factor in healthcare settings. Strong empirical evidence supports a causal relationship between job satisfaction, patient safety and quality of care.MethodA convenient sample of 85 nurses from surgical, medical and critical care wards of a large hospital was recruited. Ten focus group discussions using a semi‐structured interview guide were conducted. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach.FindingsThe study identified three main themes that influenced nurses' job satisfaction and dissatisfaction: (1) spiritual feeling, (2) work environment factors, and (3) motivation. Helping and involvement in patient care contributed to the spiritual feeling reported to influence nurses' job satisfaction. For work environment factors, team cohesion, benefit and rewards, working conditions, lack of medical resources, unclear nurses' responsibilities, patient and doctor perceptions, poor leadership skills and discrimination at work played an important role in nurses' job dissatisfaction. For motivation factors, task requirement, professional development and lack of clinical autonomy contributed to nurses' job satisfaction.Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyNurse managers should ensure a flexible practice environment with adequate staffing and resources with opportunities for nurses to participate in hospital's policies and governance. Policy makers should consider nurses' professional development needs, and implement initiatives to improve nurses' rewards and other benefits as they influence job satisfaction.
Corporate Governance and the Cost of Capital: An International Study
Authors: Zhu Feifei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study shows that firms with good corporate governance are consistently associated with both lower cost of equity and cost of debt capital in an international setting. The association between corporate governance and the cost of equity is more pronounced in countries with strong legal systems, extensive disclosure practices, and good government quality. However, the relation between corporate governance and the cost of debt is stronger in countries characterized by weak legal protection, low transparency, and poor government quality. The differential relations can be attributed to asymmetric payoffs received by creditors and shareholders.
Effect of Tibial Plateau Angle on Cranial Cruciate Ligament Strain: An Ex Vivo Study in the Dog
Authors: Haynes Kevin H. , Biskup Jeffrey , Freeman Andrew , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between tibial plateau angle (TPA) and strain in the intact cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) during axial loading.Study DesignEx vivo mechanical testing study.Sample PopulationCadaveric canine stifles (n = 6).MethodsA bicentric and uni‐radial Slocum saw blade was used to perform the osteotomy on each stifle and a custom designed plate was secured to the leg. Each stifle was loaded and CCL strain and axial displacement were recorded. TPA was adjusted to −20°, −10°, 0°, +10°, +20° of normal. Change in the strain was assessed during the axial loading period.ResultsFor all specimens, linear displacement of the femur and CCL strain increased with increasing axial load. Mean change in strain was 4.41, 5.26, 6.02, 6.3, and 7.39 at −20°, −10°, 0°, 10°, and 20°, respectively. The R‐squared for the linear regression equation was 0.91, suggesting a strong relationship between change in TPA and CCL strain.ConclusionsThe mechanical testing model used found CCL strain increased with increasing axial load regardless of the TPA. Decreasing TPA decreased strain in the intact CCL.