bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of Practice Setting on Clinical Outcomes and Efficiency of Care in the Delivery of Physical Therapy Services
Authors: Childs John D. , Harman Jeffrey S. , Rodeghero Jason R. , Horn Maggie , George Steven Z. 
Published: October 2014

Study Design Retrospective analysis of episodes of care. Objective To assess the implications of practice setting (hospital outpatient settings versus private practice) on clinical outcomes and efficiency of care in the delivery of physical therapy services. Background Many patients with musculoskeletal conditions benefit from care provided by physical therapists. The majority of physical therapists deliver services in either a private practice setting or in a hospital outpatient setting. There have not been any recent studies comparing whether clinical outcomes or efficiency of care differ based on practice setting. Methods Practices that use the Focus On Therapeutic Outcomes, Inc system were surveyed to determine the specific type of setting in which outcomes were collected in patients with musculoskeletal impairments. Patient outcome data over 12 months (2011–2012) were extracted from the database and analyzed to identify differences in the functional status achieved and the efficiency of the care delivery process between private practices and hospital outpatient settings. Results The data suggest that patients experience more efficient care when receiving physical therapy in hospital outpatient settings compared to private practice settings, as demonstrated by 3.1 points of greater improvement in functional status over 2.9 fewer physical therapy visits. However, the difference in improvement between settings is less than the minimum clinically important difference of 9 points in functional status outcome score. Conclusion In this cohort, our data suggest that more efficient care was delivered in the hospital outpatient setting compared to the private practice setting. However, we cannot conclude that care delivered in the hospital setting is more cost-effective, because it is possible that any difference in efficiency of care favoring the hospital outpatient setting is more than offset by higher costs of care. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(12):955–963. Epub 28 October 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5224
Beyond markets and hierarchies : an economic analysis of vertical quasi-integration
Authors: Chassagnon Virgile 
Published: October 2014

Les dynamiques industrielles du capitalisme sont liées aux transformations des structures organisationnelles de production. Ainsi, la firme verticalement intégrée à la Chandler s’est effacée au profit de firmes modernes désintégrées. Cette profonde transformation de l’environnement industriel, qui s’est manifestée dans les années 1980 et 1990, a conduit les firmes à développer de nouvelles stratégies de coopération inter-firmes et à faire émerger des formes de quasi-intégration verticale. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser ces changements institutionnels à l’aune de la théorie économique. L’article se focalise sur les travaux originaux de trois auteurs influents qui ont développé leur propre approche de la quasi-intégration dans la seconde moitié du xx e siècle : Williamson, Houssiaux et Blois.
Effects of Exposure on Genotyping Success Rates of Hair Samples from Brown and American Black Bears
Authors: Stetz Jeff B. , Seitz Tucker , Sawaya Michael A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Noninvasively collected hair samples have been used in numerous studies to answer questions about the demographic and genetic status and trends of wildlife populations. In particular, these methods are well-suited for researching and monitoring ursid populations, which are typically difficult to study because of their rare and cryptic nature. Recently, researchers have taken increasing advantage of natural bear behaviors to obtain hair samples for genetic analyses by conducting surveys of bear rubs (objects that bears rub against such as trees and power poles). The low quality and quantity DNA in noninvasively collected samples, however, can result in low genotyping success rates, which may be exacerbated by potentially lengthy duration of environmental exposure. We investigated the effects of environmental exposure (sunlight, moisture, and duration of exposure) on genotyping success rates of brown bear Ursus arctos and American black bear Ursus americanus hair samples. We exposed a total of 238 hair samples from one brown bear and one black bear to multiple treatments for either 30-d or 60-d, periods consistent with collection intervals of recent bear rub survey projects. Sample treatments consisted of full or dappled sunlight, kept dry or saturated with water one to two times daily. We genotyped each sample at three microsatellite loci commonly used in noninvasive genetic studies of bear populations. Our results were consistent with predictions, with all three factors significantly reducing genotyping success rates. Based on our results, we recommend that the specific conditions of field exposure be considered when selecting a suite of microsatellite markers for noninvasive genetic sampling projects, and that researchers carefully consider the duration and environmental conditions that hair samples will be exposed to when designing field studies. Limiting exposure to moisture and sunlight by collecting hairs from bear rubs at relatively short intervals and selecting dry and shaded sites should reduce DNA degradation and thus result in higher genotyping success rates.
Expansion of Dysfunctional Tim-3–Expressing Effector Memory CD8+ T Cells during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Fujita Tsuyoshi , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Chew Glen M. , Reed Jason S. , Pathak Reesab , Seger Elizabeth , Clayton Kiera L. , Rini James M. , Ostrowski Mario A. , Ishii Naoto , Kuroda Marcelo J. , Hansen Scott G. , Sacha Jonah B. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The T cell Ig- and mucin domain–containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) negative immune checkpoint receptor demarcates functionally exhausted CD8+ T cells arising from chronic stimulation in viral infections like HIV. Tim-3 blockade leads to improved antiviral CD8+ T cell responses in vitro and, therefore, represents a novel intervention strategy to restore T cell function in vivo and protect from disease progression. However, the Tim-3 pathway in the physiologically relevant rhesus macaque SIV model of AIDS remains uncharacterized. We report that Tim-3+CD8+ T cell frequencies are significantly increased in lymph nodes, but not in peripheral blood, in SIV-infected animals. Tim-3+PD-1+CD8+ T cells are similarly increased during SIV infection and positively correlate with SIV plasma viremia. Tim-3 expression was found primarily on effector memory CD8+ T cells in all tissues examined. Tim-3+CD8+ T cells have lower Ki-67 content and minimal cytokine responses to SIV compared with Tim-3−CD8+ T cells. During acute-phase SIV replication, Tim-3 expression peaked on SIV-specific CD8+ T cells by 2 wk postinfection and then rapidly diminished, irrespective of mutational escape of cognate Ag, suggesting non-TCR–driven mechanisms for Tim-3 expression. Thus, rhesus Tim-3 in SIV infection partially mimics human Tim-3 in HIV infection and may serve as a novel model for targeted studies focused on rejuvenating HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses.
Épigénétique : une lecture du génome via des modifications stables / transitoires et transmissibles
Authors: Jammes Hélène 
Published: November 2014

Epigenetics : a reading of the genome through stable / temporary / inheritable modifications
Epigenetics refers to molecular processes checking the reading of the genome. These processes, including DNA methylation, the histone post translational modifications, as well as small and long non coding ARN, constitute the epigenetic machinery and participate to nuclear architecture. Stable, flexible, and quickly variable, the epigenetic status of cell nucleus is dynamic. After the fertilization, the parental genomes undergo epigenetic reprogramming, orchestrating the gene expression essential to the embryonic development. During the embryo development, the waves of cellular differentiation involved in organogenesis, come along with the implementation of cell-specific epigenome. Its stability is insured by the heritability of the epigenetic marks through the mitosis (and meiosis). It provides the maintenance of cell function associated with the stability of gene expression profile. Flexibility and/or reversibility of these marks take place in answer to diverse environmental changes. The importance of these processes is suggested by fetal programming, underlined the impact of in utero life on adult health and diseases. In order to exemplify these concepts, we will analyze the role played by the epigenetic programming during the spermatogenesis. Thus, epigenetics acts such as cell memory and origin of diversity between the individuals.
Hospitalized Patients' Perceptions of Resident Fatigue, Duty Hours, and Continuity of Care
Authors: Drolet Brian C. , Hyman Charles H. , Ghaderi Kimeya F. , Rodriguez-Srednicki Joshua , Thompson Jordan M. , Fischer Staci A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Physicians' perceptions of duty hour regulations have been closely examined, yet patient opinions have been largely unstudied to date.

Objective
We studied patient perceptions of residency duty hours, fatigue, and continuity of care following implementation of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education 2011 Common Program Requirements.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered between June and August 2013 to inpatients at a large academic medical center and an affiliated community hospital. Adult inpatients on teaching medical and surgical services were eligible for inclusion in the study.

Results
Survey response rate was 71.3% (513 of 720). Most respondents (57.1%, 293 of 513) believed residents should not be assigned to shifts longer than 12 hours, and nearly half (49.7%, 255 of 513) wanted to be notified if a resident caring for them had worked longer than 12 hours. Most patients (63.2%, 324 of 513) believed medical errors commonly occurred because of fatigue, and fewer (37.4%, 192 of 513; odds ratio, 0.56; P &lt; .01) believed medical errors commonly occurred as a result of transfers of care. Given the choice between a familiar physician who “may be tired from a long shift” or a “fresh” physician who had received sign-out, more patients chose the fresh but unfamiliar physician (57.1% [293 of 513] versus 42.7% [219 of 513], P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
In a survey about physician attributes relevant to medical errors and patient safety, adult inpatients in a large and diverse sample reported greater concern about fatigue and working hours than about continuity of care.
King Hu’s Cinema Opera in his Early Wuxia Films
Authors: Law Ho-Chak 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Abstract. Widely regarded as a seminal work that redefined wuxia film, King Hu’s debut Come Drink With Me (1966) demonstrates a distinctive appropriation of Peking opera. This paper investigates Hu’s unique creation of cinema opera, focusing on the use of music and Chinese operatic expressions in his early wuxia films.
Understanding knowledge sharing between judges
Authors: Taal Sandra 
Published: November 2014

Understanding knowledge sharing between judges A quantitative analysis
Over the last two decades, there has been a growing interest in the development and implementation of knowledge management systems. In the judicial context, these knowledge management systems are designed to support judges in the decision-making process by providing them with the knowledge that they need in order to deal with doubts or uncertainties in complex cases. However, less attention has been given to the related process of knowledge sharing between judges. In order to optimally benefit from the knowledge available in the organization, this process should be better understood and acted upon. The aim of this research project is to gain a better insight into the interactive process of knowledge sharing between judges. To this end, a research model has been developed which will be quantitatively tested on the basis of survey responses from judges.
Ervaringen uit de collegezaal
Authors: Baas Reyer 
Published: November 2014

Experiences from the lecture-room
When Dutch-speaking sociologists of law meet, actual research is heavily discussed. Education, unfortunately, is rarely a topic of discussion. In 2014 sociologists of law gathered to exchange experiences in and ideas on education. This article gives an account of the discussion.The sociologists of law proved to be united on a number of fundamental questions. They concluded that it is useful to have students do research and to connect education in sociology of law with legal courses. This helps in realizing the ultimate goal: to have students achieve a greater understanding of the law by means of socio-legal insights. However, opinions diverged on the question of whether present educational practices in sociology of law are sufficiently renewing and attractive to students. Keep on reading to find out about other educational perspectives, challenges and solutions.
Weet wat je tweet
Authors: Roodenburg Dick , Boutellier Hans 
Published: November 2014

Knowing how to use Twitter. How Twitter can contribute to confidence in the police
Community policing is a common strategy in the Dutch police organization: working in a geographically bounded area, in close proximity and engagement with the local population. The use of Twitter by local police-officers is an increasingly popular way of communicating in this context. Prior research has indicated that there is a positive relation between the use of Twitter by the local police officer and citizens’ confidence in the police. But what factors determine this confidence and how can it be strengthened by using Twitter? This article examines the nature of police tweets and shows how tweets can contribute to improving the degree of confidence between citizens and the police. To determine what factors influence confidence we made use of the model of trust and confidence by Jackson and Bradford. This model differentiates between ‘effectiveness’, ‘fairness’, and ‘engagement’. These three factors are used to explore the way tweets might influence confidence in policing. The empirical research included interviews with three police officers who twitter actively, as well as interviews with 30 ‘followers’ living in the neighbourhood where the police officer works. Also an analyses has been carried out of the tweets made by the police officers in one year, 3.506 tweets in total, by categorizing the tweets according to the model of Jackson and Bradford. We conclude that the model of Jackson and Bradford is useful to explore the possible relationship between the use of Twitter and citizens confidence in the police. Using Twitter by the local police officers seems to make a possible contribution to the degree of confidence in the police. Our categorization of Twittermessages allowed us to give practical recommendations to local police officers how to use Twitter in order to improve confidence among citizens. The data also suggest that followers appreciate the fact that local police officers show their knowledge of current affairs in the neighbourhood.
Loss to follow‐up of HIV‐infected women after delivery: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Aebi‐Popp Karoline , Kouyos Roger , Bertisch Barbara , Staehelin Cornelia , Hoesli Irene , Rickenbach Martin , Thorne Claire , Grawe Claudia , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Martinez de Tejada Begona , Stoeckle Marcel , Lecompte Thanh , Rudin Christoph , Fehr Jan 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionHIV‐infected pregnant women are very likely to engage in HIV medical care to prevent transmission of HIV to their newborn. After delivery, however, childcare and competing commitments might lead to disengagement from HIV care. The aim of this study was to quantify loss to follow‐up (LTFU) from HIV care after delivery and to identify risk factors for LTFU.MethodsWe used data on 719 pregnancies within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 1996 to 2012 and with information on follow‐up visits available. Two LTFU events were defined: no clinical visit for >180 days and no visit for >360 days in the year after delivery. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for a LTFU event after delivery.ResultsMedian maternal age at delivery was 32 years (IQR 28–36), 357 (49%) women were black, 280 (39%) white, 56 (8%) Asian and 4% other ethnicities. One hundred and seven (15%) women reported any history of IDU. The majority (524, 73%) of women received their HIV diagnosis before pregnancy, most of those (413, 79%) had lived with diagnosed HIV longer than three years and two‐thirds (342, 65%) were already on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at time of conception. Of the 181 women diagnosed during pregnancy by a screening test, 80 (44%) were diagnosed in the first trimester, 67 (37%) in the second and 34 (19%) in the third trimester. Of 357 (69%) women who had been seen in HIV medical care during three months before conception, 93% achieved an undetectable HIV viral load (VL) at delivery. Of 62 (12%) women with the last medical visit more than six months before conception, only 72% achieved an undetectable VL (p=0.001). Overall, 247 (34%) women were LTFU over 180 days in the year after delivery and 86 (12%) women were LTFU over 360 days with 43 (50%) of those women returning. Being LTFU for 180 days was significantly associated with history of intravenous drug use (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09–2.77, p=0.021) and not achieving an undetectable VL at delivery (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.03–3.11, p=0.040) after adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, time of HIV diagnosis and being on ART at conception.ConclusionsWomen with a history of IDU and women with a detectable VL at delivery were more likely to be LTFU after delivery. This is of concern regarding their own health, as well as risk for sexual partners and subsequent pregnancies. Further strategies should be developed to enhance retention in medical care beyond pregnancy.
Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Gallagher Tyler J. , Chung Ryan S. , Lin Matthew E. , Kim Ian , Kokot Niels C. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceCannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. Whether cannabis use is associated with head and neck cancer (HNC) is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical association between cannabis use and HNC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis large multicenter cohort study used clinical records from a database that included 20 years of data (through April 2024) from 64 health care organizations. A database was searched for medical records for US adults with and without cannabis-related disorder who had recorded outpatient hospital clinic visits and no prior history of HNC. Propensity score matching was performed for demographic characteristics, alcohol-related disorders, and tobacco use. Subsequently, relative risks (RRs) were calculated to explore risk of HNC, including HNC subsites. This analysis was repeated among those younger than 60 years and 60 years or older.ExposureCannabis-related disorder.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnosis of HNC and any HNC subsite.ResultsThe cannabis-related disorder cohort included 116 076 individuals (51 646 women [44.5%]) with a mean (SD) age of 46.4 (16.8) years. The non–cannabis-related disorder cohort included 3 985 286 individuals (2 173 684 women [54.5%]) with a mean (SD) age of 60.8 (20.6) years. The rate of new HNC diagnosis in all sites was higher in the cannabis-related disorder cohort. After matching (n = 115 865 per group), patients with cannabis-related disorder had a higher risk of any HNC (RR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.78-4.39) than those without cannabis-related disorder. A site-specific analysis yielded that those with cannabis-related disorder had a higher risk of oral (RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.81-3.47), oropharyngeal (RR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.99-8.02), and laryngeal (RR, 8.39; 95% CI, 4.72-14.90) cancer. Results were consistent when stratifying by older and younger age group.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study highlights an association between cannabis-related disorder and the development of HNC in adult patients. Given the limitations of the database, future research should examine the mechanism of this association and analyze dose response with strong controls to further support evidence of cannabis use as a risk factor for HNCs.
PDL1/HER2‐Targeted Lipid‐Encapsulated Oxygen Nanobubbles Combined with Photodynamic Therapy for HER2+ Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Tian Jilai , Wan Shixiao , Yang Zhen , Wang Mengting , Zhou Wenzhao , Wo Guanqun , Fu Shuping , Zheng Shiya , Zhou Gaoxin , Hu Xiaomin , Guo Yichen , Guo Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProgrammed death (PD) 1/PD ligand 1 (PDL1) inhibitors are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that may facilitate HER2‐positive breast cancer treatment; however, their clinical efficacy remains elusive. Oxygen‐enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) increases immunogenic cell death (ICD), providing a promising strategy to render the tumor microenvironment more sensitive to the ICIs. Lipid‐encapsulated oxygen nanobubbles (Lipo‐NBs‐O2) obtained using nanobubbles (NBs) water for oxygen delivery in vivo can facilitate enhanced PDT. Here, dual‐receptor targeted Lipo‐NBs‐O2 (DRT@Lipo‐NBs‐O2) is prepared by modifying Lipo‐NBs‐O2 with anti‐PDL1 scFv and the fusion protein anti‐HER2 scFv‐tandem‐repeat cytochrome c (anti‐HER2‐nCytc). Copper phthalocyanine is the photosensitizer (PS). DRT@Lipo‐PS‐NBs‐O2 plus near‐infrared irradiation leads to robust ICD induction, increasing DC activation and CD8+ T‐cell numbers. Modification with anti‐PDL1 scFv improves tumor distribution of DRT@Lipo‐PS‐NBs‐O2 and plays the ICI role, invigorating CD8+ T cells and boosting the effects of immunotherapy. Oxygen supplied through DRT@Lipo‐PS‐NBs‐O2 reduces P‐glycoprotein expression. Enhanced PDT and Cytc can cause tumor cell death, thereby reducing the immune burden. Under dual receptor targeting and laser local irradiation, tumor cells become subject to the combination effects of PDT, ICD, ICIs, and apoptosis; this effectively suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. Lipo‐NBs‐O2 affords a combination of oxygen delivery and multidrug therapy to alleviate HER2‐positive breast cancer.