bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plaque accumulation and Streptococcus mutans levels around self-ligating bracket clips and elastomeric modules: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fadia Dhaval , Vandekar Meghna , Vaid Nikhilesh , Doshi Viraj 
Published: April 2015

Aim
To determine the effect of two different ligating systems that is, elastomeric modules and self-ligating (SL) bracket systems (Smartclip - 3M Unitek) with respect to harboring bacterial plaque in fixed orthodontic treatment.

Objectives
To assess, evaluate, and compare the amount of plaque accumulation and Streptococcus mutans colonization around elastomeric ligation and SL clips in the smart clip appliance.

Materials and Methods
A total of 111 orthodontic patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatments were selected for this split maxillary arch study. All the patients were bonded with smart-clip (3M Unitek) SL brackets, and the wire was placed into the bracket slots, on the randomly selected hemi arch, elastomeric modules were placed for the study to be conducted. Microbial and periodontal plaque accumulation was recorded at 3-time intervals post ligation. Plaque index-by Silness and Loe, modified Quigely Hein index, bleeding on probing were evaluated, and biofilm was collected from the tooth surface after 30 days and placed in petri dishes containing Mitis Salivarius agar for bacterial culturing.

Result
It was observed that the side where ligation was done with elastomeric modules accumulated more plaque and increase in S. mutans colony forming units as compared to the side without external ligation (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Reduced bacterial colonization and better plaque control was seen with SL orthodontic bracket appliance system as compared to conventional ligation method.
BIR Pipeline for Preparation of Phylogenomic Data
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Krabberød Anders K. , Neumann Ralf S. , Michalickova Katerina , Zhao Sen , Zhang Xiaoli , Shalchian-Tabrizi Kamran 
Published: April 2015

Summary We present a pipeline named BIR ( Blast, Identify and Realign) developed for phylogenomic analyses. BIR is intended for the identification of gene sequences applicable for phylogenomic inference. The pipeline allows users to apply their own manually curated sequence alignments (seed) in search for homologous genes in sequence databases and available genomes. BIR automatically adds the identified sequences from these databases to the seed alignments and reconstruct a phylogenetic tree from each. The BIR pipeline is an efficient tool for the identification of orthologous gene copies because it expands user-defined sequence alignments and conducts massive parallel phylogenetic reconstruction. The application is also particularly useful for large-scale sequencing projects that require management of a large number of single-gene alignments for gene comparison, functional annotation, and evolutionary analyses. Availability The BIR user manual is available at http://www.bioportal.no / and can be accessed through Lifeportal at https://lifeportal.uio.no . Access is free but requires a user account registration using the link “Register for BIR access” from the Lifeportal homepage.
Infancia, juego y fantasía en el mundo digital
Authors: Andreu Bertran Lluís 
Published: April 2015

<p>Partiremos de preguntas que sus respuestas ofrezcan múltiples posibilidades y abran un debate que su unificación obtenga una respuesta lo más rica posible de contenido. Así pues ¿Quien pone las normas para jugar en el mundo digital de los niños? ¿Quien marca el uso y delimita el mundo digital para que el niño juegue, aprenda o se comunique? El niño se relaciona con el mundo digital: juegos, redes sociales, navegar,…, con unas reglas que establecen un compromiso en el momento de participar y aquellos que no las comportan, lo conducen a un “libre” movimiento asociativo, cognitivo y emocional. Así pues, el niño ¿“Juega con el ordenador o está y crece con el ordenador”? Delante de la ausencia de reglas explícitas y reconocidas nos equivocaríamos si pensamos que ello implica obligatoriamente la ausencia de toda regla. Esta regla universal de la que sospechamos que existe en todo niño, podría figurar o bien en su “yo”, o bien en su fantasía; posturas muy diferenciadas y de consecuencias diversas. ¿Seria arriesgado manifestar que para un niño “juego es juego” prescindiendo del origen de las reglas? ¿Nos encontramos pues ante la disyuntiva de reglas objetivas o subjetivas en su elaboración y comprensión? ¿Habrá que ofrecerle el máximo de “imputs” de objetividad para neutralizar, reconducir o vetar la subjetividad y fantasía que le comporta la interacción, en el peor de los casos perversa, con el mundo digital? Se nos hace fundamental el pensar que la protección del niño ante el mundo digital se realizará en todo aquello que él pueda entender y asumir como regla desde su “yo”. En tener en cuenta que desde su “yo” y el “no-yo” existe un espacio abierto de fantasía que puede aportar riqueza pero también muchos peligros para él. Si se le abandona a su suerte y la interacción se realiza desde la posición del “no-yo”, el peligro que corre de encontrarse “solo” en el mundo digital, sin nada que lo contenga ni que lo proteja, podrá tener consecuencias de crecimiento y evolución, con daños incalculables.</p><p>Interacción.</p>
Sėjomainų ir priešsėlių poveikis su auginamų javų derliumi išnešamų maisto medžiagų kiekiui
Authors: Jodaugienė Darija , Bogužas Vaclovas , Mikučionienė Romutė , Auželienė Ingė , Zemeckis Romualdas 
Published: April 2015

Lauko eksperimentas atliktas 1967–2012 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje, vidutinio sunkumo karbonatingame giliau glėjiškame išplautžemyje. Javai auginti aštuoniose sėjomainose: trilaukėje, javų, Norfolko, pašarinėje, sideracinėje, intensyviojoje, lauko be kaupiamųjų ir lauko su kaupiamaisiais augalais bei rugių monopasėlyje. Žieminiai rugiai auginti penkiose sėjomainose po šių priešsėlių: juodojo pūdymo, lubinų ir rapsų žaliajai trąšai, daugiamečių žolių I ir II naudojimo metų (toliau – I ir II n. m.) ir monopasėlyje; žieminiai kviečiai – keturiose sėjomainose: po juodojo pūdymo, vikių ir avižų mišinio ir po daugiamečių žolių I n. m.; vasariniai miežiai – septyniose sėjomainose: po avižų, žieminių rugių, bulvių, kukurūzų, pašarinių bei cukrinių runkelių; avižos – trijose sėjomainose: po vasarinių miežių, žieminių rugių ir kviečių. Nustatyta, kad išnešamų maisto medžiagų kiekiai priklausė nuo javų derlingumo ir skyrėsi auginant juos po įvairių priešsėlių. Atlikta koreliacinė ir regresinė analizė parodė, kad augalų pagrindinės ir šalutinės produkcijos derliuje sukauptas maisto medžiagų kiekis buvo skirtingas žieminių ir vasarinių javų pasėliuose. Didėjant žieminių rugių ir žieminių kviečių grūdų derlingumui (t ha<sup>–1</sup>) patikimai didesni azoto (r = 0,429*, r = 0,836*), fosforo (r = 0,516*, r = 0,918*) ir kalio (r = 0,681**, r = 0,735*) kiekiai (kg t–1) buvo sukaupti šių javų grūduose. Didėjant šiaudų derlingumui juose patikimai didėjo azoto (r = 0,413*, r = 0,930**) ir fosforo (r = 0,425*, r = 0,773*) kaupimas, tačiau mažėjo kalio (r = –0,327*, r = –0,379*). Azoto (r = –0,716*, r = –0,998**), fosforo (r = –0,322*, r = –0,873*) ir kalio (r = –0,302*, r = –0,517*) kiekiai vasarinių miežių ir avižų grūduose buvo atvirkščiai proporcingi jų derlingumui. Didėjant vasarinių miežių ir avižų šiaudų derlingumui azoto kiekis mažėjo (r = –0,594*, r = –0,991**). Fosforo (r = –0,341*) ir kalio (r = –0,390*) kiekiai mažėjo didėjant avižų šiaudų derlingumui. Patikimų priklausomumų tarp vasarinių miežių šiaudų derlingumo ir fosforo bei kalio kiekių juose nebuvo nustatyta.
The relationship between attachment styles and internalizing or externalizing symptoms in clinical and nonclinical adolescents
Authors: Lacasa Fernando , Mitjavila Merce , Ochoa Susana , Balluerka Nekane 
Published: April 2015

<p>Studies regarding the relationship between attachment and psychopathology during adolescence have been performed separately for clinical and nonclinical adolescents and have used different assessment measures, which together might produce a methodological bias that increases the association between attachment and psychopathology. With the aim of avoiding this bias, the present study used identical measures to explore the relationship between attachment styles and internalizing or externalizing symptoms in clinical and nonclinical groups of adolescents. The sample consisted of 258 adolescents,129 clinical and 129 nonclinical, aged between 14 and 18 years. The adolescents in each group were matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Attachment was assessed using the CaMir Q-sort,(Pierrehumbert et al., 1996) and psychopathological symptoms were assessed by means of the Youth Self Report (YSR). The relationships between attachment and psychopathology were similar for clinical and nonclinical adolescents. In both groups a preoccupied attachment style predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms, somatic complaints, anxious-fearful behavior, verbal aggression, attention-seeking behavior, and thinking problems. Compared to previous studies, this research has made it possible to identify broader, stronger, and more specific associations between preoccupied attachment style and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents.</p>
Césaire et Haïti, des apports à évaluer
Authors: Jonassaint Jean 
Published: April 2015

Dès son premier opus,Cahier d’un retour au pays natal(1939), Aimé Césaire rend hommage à Haïti, et il est reconnu que son oeuvre puise largement dans l’histoire de ce pays qui lui a inspiré deux ouvrages :La tragédie du roi Christophe(1961-1963) etToussaint Louverture : la Révolution française et le problème colonial(1961). Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière ce qui est ignoré ou refoulé chez Césaire, soit sa dette envers les littératures haïtiennes tant orales qu’écrites, notamment ses emprunts aux essayistes Jean-Louis Vastey et Anténor Firmin, à l’historien Beaubrun Ardouin, au poète indigéniste Carl Brouard et à la tradition vaudou. De plus, au-delà de ces textes et à l’encontre de ladoxa, l’auteur montrera que le corpus césairien s’inscrit dans un vaste réseau intertextuel caribéen remontant auxixesiècle.
Influence of solar cycle and chemistry on tropical (10°N–15°N) mesopause variabilities
Authors: Ramesh K. , Sridharan S. , Vijaya Bhaskara Rao S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMonthly averaged zonal mean temperature and ozone volume mixing ratios obtained from “Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry” instrument on board “Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics” satellite for the years 2002–2012 are used to study the seasonal and solar cycle variabilities of tropical (10°N–15°N) mesopause structure. The mesopause temperature and ozone mixing ratios are positively correlated with solar cycle due to changes in CO2 and O, respectively. Although the seasonal variation in mesopause temperatures is quite small, the mesopause altitudes are comparatively higher (~99–100 km) in April and lower (~95 km) in September. The factors controlling the tropical mesopause structure are investigated by taking the mesopause variability for the year 2011 as a case study as it resembles the long‐term mean seasonal variation. It is found that the radiative cooling due to 15 µm CO2 infrared emissions is the only cooling mechanism in the mesopause region. The net heating rates obtained from (i) solar heating by O2 and O3, (ii) chemical heating due to seven major exothermic reactions, (iii) O3 long‐wave radiative heating, and (iv) CO2 cooling are smaller (~20 K/d) in April and larger (~85 K/d) in September at lower thermosphere (~99–101 km). The downward heat conduction from the lower thermosphere forces the mesopause to lower heights in September, although no downward heat conduction is observed in April.
The fate of fluid inclusions during high‐temperature experimental deformation of olivine aggregates
Authors: Carter Matthew J. , Zimmerman Mark E. , Teyssier Christian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTorsion experiments on initially wet and dry olivine aggregates at equivalent deformation conditions investigated the fate of fluid inclusions (FIs) during high‐temperature deformation. Wet samples were produced by adding water to San Carlos olivine powders before hot pressing; those hot pressed without water are considered dry. After hot pressing, wet and dry aggregates have comparable grain sizes, but wet aggregates have more abundant primary FIs. Talc jackets were fitted around some wet and dry samples prior to deformation to hydrate samples during deformation via talc dehydration at elevated temperature, whereas other samples were deformed without talc. At similar strain rates (~1.0 × 10−4 s−1), the peak shear stress for the dry sample (no talc) was 190–220 MPa, whereas all other samples reached 180 MPa; the strengths of wet (± talc) and dry (+ talc) specimens appear similar. Deformed samples reveal abundant FIs, reduced grain size, shape preferred orientation of olivine, and a pervasive low‐angle fabric (C′) to the shear plane defined by aligned FIs. Samples deformed with talc have FI‐rich and FI‐depleted domains; where FIs are abundant, the C′ fabric is better developed and grain size is smaller. Electron backscatter diffraction pole figures suggest that olivine deformed in the dislocation creep regime via the (010)[100] slip system. Results of these experiments suggest that FIs are redistributed during dislocation creep, leading to the development of grain‐scale, high‐diffusivity pathways.
Diagnosis and long‐term management of hydrolyzed wheat protein wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Hirata Jun‐ichi , Ohya Munehiko , Kumon Keiji 
Published: April 2015

CaseA 37‐year‐old woman was admitted to the emergency room with bilateral periorbital edema, hypotension, and expiratory stridor that developed 30 min after starting to hang out washing following consumption of a jam bun. Despite no food allergies or similar episodes, she had recently developed facial wheals after bathing.OutcomeShe was immediately and repeatedly administered adrenalin and succinic acid hydrocortisone sodium for wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis. On the third hospital day, radioallergosorbent testing reactions to wheat, gluten, and omega‐5 gliadin were mildly positive; skin‐prick tests for hydrolyzed wheat protein and a face‐wash challenge were positive. Therefore, we diagnosed hydrolyzed wheat protein wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis. Despite advising her about hyposensitization, the episode recurred and an adrenalin auto‐injector was prescribed.ConclusionDifferentiating hydrolyzed wheat protein wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis from conventional wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis is important owing to their severity and similarities. Each requires long‐term management of patients' etiological conditions by advising them about hyposensitization and prescribing adrenalin auto‐injectors.
Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous Peapod‐like Co3O4@Carbon Nanotube Arrays for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gu Dong , Li Wei , Wang Fei , Bongard Hans , Spliethoff Bernd , Schmidt Wolfgang , Weidenthaler Claudia , Xia Yongyao , Zhao Dongyuan , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTransition metal oxides are regarded as promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacities compared with commercial graphite. Unfortunately, the implementation of such novel anodes is hampered by their large volume changes during the Li+ insertion and extraction process and their low electric conductivities. Herein, we report a specifically designed anode architecture to overcome such problems, that is, mesoporous peapod‐like Co3O4@carbon nanotube arrays, which are constructed through a controllable nanocasting process. Co3O4 nanoparticles are confined exclusively in the intratubular pores of the nanotube arrays. The pores between the nanotubes are open, and thus render the Co3O4 nanoparticles accessible for effective electrolyte diffusion. Moreover, the carbon nanotubes act as a conductive network. As a result, the peapod‐like Co3O4@carbon nanotube electrode shows a high specific capacity, excellent rate capacity, and very good cycling performance.
Tandem Z‐Selective Cross‐Metathesis/Dihydroxylation: Synthesis of anti‐1,2‐Diols
Authors: Dornan Peter K. , Wickens Zachary K. , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of anti‐1,2‐diols has been developed using a multitasking Ru catalyst in an assisted tandem catalysis protocol. A cyclometalated Ru complex catalyzes first a Z‐selective cross‐metathesis of two terminal olefins, followed by a stereospecific dihydroxylation. Both steps are catalyzed by Ru, as the Ru complex is converted to a dihydroxylation catalyst upon addition of NaIO4. A variety of olefins were transformed into valuable, highly functionalized, and stereodefined molecules. Mechanistic experiments were performed to probe the nature of the oxidation step and catalyst inhibition pathways. These experiments point the way to more broadly applicable tandem catalytic transformations.
Die Synthese und biologische Validierung von Desepoxyisotedanolid und dessen Vergleich mit Desepoxytedanolid
Authors: Naini Arun , Muthukumar Yazh , Raja Aruna , Franke Raimo , Harrier Ian , Smith Amos B. , Lee Dongjoo , Taylor Richard E. , Sasse Florenz , Kalesse Markus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Tedanolide sind biologisch aktive Polyketide, deren Makrolaktonring aus einem primären Alkohol aufgebaut ist. Da Polyketidumwandlungen nur sekundäre Alkohole erzeugen, postulierte Taylor, dass das Tedanolid‐Lakton aus einer intramolekularen Umesterung hervorgegangen ist. Um diese Hypothese zu prüfen und das biologische Profil des vermuteten Vorläufers aller Mitglieder der Tedanolidfamilie zu untersuchen, unternahmen wir die Synthese von Desepoxyisotedanolid und dessen biologische Evaluierung im Vergleich zum Desepoxytedanolid. Die biologischen Experimente deckten ein zweites Zielprotein für Desepoxytedanolid auf und erbrachten Hinweise, dass die vorgeschlagene Umesterung dem produzierenden Mikroorganismus einen evolutionären Vorteil erbringt.
Enantioselective Syntheses of Heteroyohimbine Natural Products: A Unified Approach through Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Younai Ashkaan , Zeng Bi‐Shun , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlstonine and serpentine are pentacyclic indoloquinolizidine alkaloids (referred to as “anhydronium bases”) containing three contiguous stereocenters. Each possesses interesting biological activity, with alstonine being the major component of a plant‐based remedy to treat psychosis and other nervous system disorders. This work describes the enantioselective total syntheses of these natural products with a cooperative hydrogen bonding/enamine‐catalyzed Michael addition as the key step.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Cd(NH3)2[B3O5(NH3)]2: Pioneering the Way to the Substance Class of Ammine Borates
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Ciaghi Nina , Schauperl Michael , Wurst Klaus , Liedl Klaus R. , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo date, the access to the substance class of borates containing nitrogen, for example, nitridoborates, oxonitridoborates, or amine borates, was an extreme effort owing to the difficult starting materials and reaction conditions. Although a number of compounds containing boron and nitrogen are known, no adduct of ammonia to an inorganic borate has been observed so far. A new synthetic approach starting from the simple educts CdO, B2O3, and aqueous ammonia under conditions of 4.7 GPa and 800 °C led to the synthesis of Cd(NH3)2[B3O5(NH3)]2 as the first ammine borate. We thoroughly characterized this compound on the basis of low‐temperature single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction data, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and by quantum theoretical calculations. This contribution shows that the adduct of NH3 to the BO3 group of a complex B–O network can be stabilized, opening up a fundamentally new synthetic route to nitrogen‐containing borates.
Predictive Value of Serial High‐Resolution Computed Tomography Analyses and Concurrent Lung Function Tests in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hoffmann‐Vold Anna‐Maria , Aaløkken Trond M. , Lund May Brit , Garen Torhild , Midtvedt Øyvind , Brunborg Cathrine , Gran Jan Tore , Molberg Øyvind 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc) carries a high risk of progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD), but tools for stratifying individual risk are scarce. The purpose of this study was to assess detailed data from serial lung fibrosis measurements and paired pulmonary function tests (PFTs) as outcome prediction tools in a prospective cohort of SSc patients.MethodsPaired PFTs and high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were obtained at baseline and at followup in 305 SSc patients who met the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2013 classification criteria. The extent of fibrosis was scored on 10 sections from every HRCT scan and expressed as the percentage of the total lung volume.ResultsBaseline HRCT analyses revealed 3 SSc subgroups: those with >20% lung fibrosis (n = 40), those with 1–20% fibrosis (n = 157), and those with no fibrosis (n = 108). At followup HRCT (mean of 3.1 years later), all 108 group 3 patients were still free of fibrosis. In group 2 patients, 146 continued to have 1–20% fibrosis (group 2a), whereas 11 (marked by short disease duration of 1.3 years) had experienced progression to >20% fibrosis (group 2b). The annual fibrosis progression rate differed across the 4 groups: 0.9% in group 1, 0.7% in group 2a, 5.9% in group 2b, and 0% in group 3. The annual fibrosis progression rate correlated with the total decline in the forced vital capacity (FVC) (7.1%, 5.7%, 8.7%, and 2.9% in groups 1, 2a, 2b, and 3, respectively), but not the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) (8.4%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 8.6%, respectively). Multivariate analyses identified anticentromere antibodies (odds ratio [OR] 4.7) and baseline DLco (OR 1.04) as predictors of no fibrosis at followup and baseline fibrosis (OR 1.3) and FVC (OR 0.96) as predictors of >20% fibrosis at followup.ConclusionThese prospective cohort data suggest that HRCT performed at baseline predicts the development of fibrosis, the rate of progression of fibrosis, and the decline in pulmonary function in SSc.
Biodiesel production from waste salmon oil: kinetic modeling, properties of methyl esters, and economic feasibility of a low capacity plant
Authors: Serrano Marta , Marchetti Jorge‐Mario , Martínez Mercedes , Aracil José 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSalmon oil directly obtained from salmon silage in a tricanter centrifuge was subjected to homogeneous acid‐catalyzed esterification. Alcohol‐to‐oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature were varied in order to obtain the kinetic parameters that fit the data satisfactory. A reaction mechanism with four consecutive reactions was considered and the attack of the nucleophile alcohol to the protonated carbonyl substrate was corroborated to be the rate‐determining step, in accordance with previous studies in free fatty acids esterification. A kinetic model with 8 independent parameters described with high accuracy the experimental data of 27 reactions with a regression coefficient of 90.94%. Pre‐esterified oil was submitted to transesterification and properties of resulting methyl esters were measured. Acidity, peroxide value, viscosity and flash point were acceptable to use as diesel‐grade fuel. However, cold flow properties and especially oxidative stability can limit its use as automotive fuel. Finally, a techno‐economic analysis was performed and the influence of salmon oil price on the viability of a low capacity fuel production plant was analyzed. Copyright © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd