bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Dislocation of the Hip: Evolving Indications
Authors: Ross James R. , Schoenecker Perry L. , Clohisy John C. 
Published: January 2013

Background Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition that has become increasingly identified as abnormal, repetitive abutment of the proximal femur and acetabular rim. Safe surgical dislocation of the hip has been popularized as a technique that allows surgeons to not only improve joint preservation procedures but also understand disease patterns more clearly. Questions/Purposes We describe the technique of surgical dislocation as well as review the indications, results, and complications that are associated with the procedure. We also present various case examples to highlight this technique. Search Strategies We performed a systematic review of the literature to define the indications, clinical outcomes, and complications associated with surgical dislocation of the hip for the treatment of FAI. Results Clinical success rates vary in the literature between 64% and 96% of patients with good results, and conversion to total hip arthroplasty ranging between 0% and 30% in patients who underwent FAI treatment with surgical dislocation. Reported major complication rates have ranged from 3.3% to 6%, most commonly in the form of trochanteric nonunion, neurapraxia, or heterotopic ossification. Conclusions FAI deformities encompass a wide spectrum of disease patterns. Surgical dislocation allows full access to the hip in addition to observing its pathomechanics. Strict adherence to proper technique allows the surgeon to minimize complication rates while treating the deformity at hand.
Incidence of Radiographic Cam-Type Impingement in Young Patients (<50) after Femoral Neck Fracture Treated with Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Wendt Matthew C. , Cass Joseph R. , Trousdale Robert R. 
Published: January 2013

Background Cam-type femoral impingement is caused by structural abnormalities of the hip and is recognized as a cause of degenerative hip arthritis. Identifiable etiologies of this structural abnormality include congenital malformation, pediatric hip disease, and malunion of femoral neck fractures after internal fixation. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiographic impingement in healed Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) type 31B fractures treated with reduction and internal fixation. Methods Seventy OTA 31B hip fractures treated with internal fixation were identified from our institutional trauma database and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed for signs of impingement. Mean follow-up was 53 months after fracture. Alpha angle, Mose templates, and femoral head retroversion were the measurements used to determine impingement. Results The overall prevalence of any sign of radiographic impingement was 75%. Alpha angle was elevated in 32 hips (46%), asphericity was present in 46 femoral heads (65%), and femoral head retroversion was present in 26 hips (37%). The rates were highest in displaced subcapital fractures (OTA 31B-3) with a 63% (13/19) prevalence of elevated alpha angle, 68% (14/19) prevalence of asphericity, and 47% (10/19) prevalence of retroversion. Conclusions Prevalence of radiographic signs of impingement in this population is higher than expected based on population-based controls. Surgeons must be vigilant about reduction and fixation of femoral neck fractures. Malunion should be recognized as early intervention may be beneficial in improving long-term outcomes.
Biomechanical Analysis of Knotless Flexor Tendon Repair Using Large-Diameter Unidirection Barbed Suture
Authors: Lin Toni E. , Lakhiani Chrisovalantis , Lee Michael R. , Saint-Cyr Michel , Sammer Douglas M. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose In traditional flexor tendon repairs, suture knots can be sites of weakness, impair tendon healing, stimulate an inflammatory response, and increase the bulk of the tendon repair. Because of this, there has been an increased interest in knotless flexor tendon repair using barbed suture. Since knots are not required, it may be possible to increase the strength of the tendon repair by using a large-diameter barbed suture. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically compare a traditional four-strand tendon repair using 3–0 braided polyester with a similar knotless four-strand tendon repair using 0 unidirectional barbed suture. Methods Twenty-two matched cadaveric flexor digitorum profundus tendons were lacerated and assigned to repair by a four-strand modified Kirchmayr–Kessler technique using 3–0 braided polyester ( n=11) or knotless four-strand modified Kirchmayr–Kessler repair using 0 unidirectional barbed suture ( n=11). Repaired tendons were linearly distracted to failure at 20 mm/min after 1 N preload. Maximum load and load at 2-mm gap formation were recorded. Maximum load and load at 2-mm gap formation were compared with the Student's t test, and p values≤0.05 were considered significant. Results The mean maximum load of the barbed, knotless suture repair was higher than that of the traditional repair (52 vs. 42 N). There was no difference between the two groups in the mean load required to produce a 2-mm gap. Conclusions The four-strand knotless tendon repairs using a large-diameter unidirectional barbed suture were stronger than the traditional four-strand repairs using 3-0 braided polyester, and had similar 2-mm gap resistance.
The History and Advances of Reversible Terminators Used in New Generations of Sequencing Technology
Authors: Chen Fei , Dong Mengxing , Ge Meng , Zhu Lingxiang , Ren Lufeng , Liu Guocheng , Mu Rong 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
DNA sequencing using reversible terminators, as one sequencing by synthesis strategy, has garnered a great deal of interest due to its popular application in the second-generation high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. In this review, we provided its history of development, classification, and working mechanism of this technology. We also outlined the screening strategies for DNA polymerases to accommodate the reversible terminators as substrates during polymerization; particularly, we introduced the “REAP” method developed by us. At the end of this review, we discussed current limitations of this approach and provided potential solutions to extend its application.
The nub of an automorphism of a totally disconnected, locally compact group
Authors: WILLIS GEORGE A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo any automorphism,$\alpha $, of a totally disconnected, locally compact group,$G$, there is associated a compact,$\alpha $-stable subgroup of$G$, here called thenubof$\alpha $, on which the action of$\alpha $is ergodic. Ergodic actions of automorphisms of compact groups have been studied extensively in topological dynamics and results obtained transfer, via the nub, to the study of automorphisms of general locally compact groups. A new proof that the contraction group of$\alpha $is dense in the nub is given, but it is seen that the two-sided contraction group need not be dense. It is also shown that each pair$(G, \alpha )$, with$G$compact and$\alpha $ergodic, is an inverse limit of pairs that have ‘finite depth’ and that analogues of the Schreier refinement and Jordan–Hölder theorems hold for pairs with finite depth.
A comparative study between non-linear regression and artificial neural network approaches for modelling wild oat (Avena fatua) field emergence
Authors: CHANTRE G. R. , BLANCO A. M. , FORCELLA F. , VAN ACKER R. C. , SABBATINI M. R. , GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR J. L. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYNon-linear regression (NLR) techniques are used widely to fit weed field emergence patterns to soil microclimatic indices using S-type functions. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) present interesting and alternative features for such modelling purposes. In the present work, a univariate hydrothermal-time based Weibull model and a bivariate (hydro-time and thermal-time) ANN were developed to study wild oat emergence under non-moisture restriction conditions using data from different locations worldwide. Results indicated a higher accuracy of the neural network in comparison with the NLR approach due to the improved descriptive capacity of thermal-time and the hydro-time as independent explanatory variables. The bivariate ANN model outperformed the conventional Weibull approach, in terms of RMSE of the test set, by 70·8%. These outcomes suggest the potential applicability of the proposed modelling approach in the design of weed management decision support systems.
Reflection impulsivity and response inhibition in first-episode psychosis: relationship to cannabis use
Authors: Huddy V. C. , Clark L. , Harrison I. , Ron M. A. , Moutoussis M. , Barnes T. R. E. , Joyce E. M. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundPeople with psychosis demonstrate impaired response inhibition on the Stop Signal Task (SST). It is less clear if this impairment extends to reflection impulsivity, a form of impulsivity that has been linked to substance use in non-psychotic samples.MethodWe compared 49 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 30 healthy control participants on two forms of impulsivity measured using the Information Sampling Test (IST) and the SST, along with clinical and IQ assessments. We also compared those patients who used cannabis with those who had either given up or never used.ResultsPatients with FEP had significantly greater impairment in response inhibition but not in reflection impulsivity compared with healthy controls. By contrast, patients who reported current cannabis use demonstrated greater reflection impulsivity than those that had either given up or never used, whereas there were no differences in response inhibition.ConclusionsThese data suggest that abnormal reflection impulsivity is associated with substance use in psychosis but not psychosis itself; the opposite relationship may hold for response inhibition.
Let Many Civil Societies Bloom: The Rise of Consultative Authoritarianism in China
Authors: Teets Jessica C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this article, I analyse civil society development in China using examples from Beijing to demonstrate the causal role of local officials' ideas about these groups during the last 20 years. I argue that the decentralization of public welfare and the linkage of promotion to the delivery of these goods supported the idea of local government–civil society collaboration. This idea was undermined by international examples of civil society opposing authoritarianism and the strength of the state-led development model after the 2008 economic crisis. I find growing convergence on a new model of state–society relationship that I call “consultative authoritarianism,” which encourages the simultaneous expansion of a fairly autonomous civil societyandthe development of more indirect tools of state control. This model challenges the conventional wisdom that an operationally autonomous civil society cannot exist inside authoritarian regimes and that the presence of civil society is an indicator of democratization.
Physiological Responses of Medical Team Members to a Simulated Emergency in Tropical Field Conditions
Authors: Brearley Matt B. , Heaney Michael F. , Norton Ian N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionResponses to physical activity while wearing personal protective equipment in hot laboratory conditions are well documented. However less is known of medical professionals responding to an emergency in hot field conditions in standard attire. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the physiological responses of medical responders to a simulated field emergency in tropical conditions.MethodsTen subjects, all of whom were chronically heat-acclimatized health care workers, volunteered to participate in this investigation. Participants were the medical response team of a simulated field emergency conducted at the Northern Territory Emergency Services training grounds, Yarrawonga, NT, Australia. The exercise consisted of setting up a field hospital, transporting patients by stretcher to the hospital, triaging and treating the patients while dressed in standard medical response uniforms in field conditions (mean ambient temperature of 29.3°C and relative humidity of 50.3%, apparent temperature of 27.9°C) for a duration of 150 minutes. Gastrointestinal temperature was transmitted from an ingestible sensor and used as the index of core temperature. An integrated physiological monitoring device worn by each participant measured and logged heart rate, chest temperature and gastrointestinal temperature throughout the exercise. Hydration status was assessed by monitoring the change between pre- and post-exercise body mass and urine specific gravity (USG).ResultsMean core body temperature rose from 37.5°C at the commencement of the exercise to peak at 37.8°C after 75 minutes. The individual peak core body temperature was 38.5°C, with three subjects exceeding 38.0°C. Subjects sweated 0.54 L per hour and consumed 0.36 L of fluid per hour, resulting in overall dehydration of 0.7% of body mass at the cessation of exercise. Physiological strain index was indicative of little to low strain.ConclusionsThe combination of the unseasonably mild environmental conditions and moderate work rates resulted in minimal heat storage during the simulated exercise. As a result, low sweat rates manifested in minimal dehydration. When provided with access to fluids in mild environmental conditions, chronically heat-acclimatized medical responders can meet their hydration requirements through ad libitum fluid consumption. Whether such an observation is replicated under a harsher thermal load remains to be investigated.BrearleyMB, HeaneyMF, NortonIN. Physiological responses of medical team members to a simulated emergency in tropical field conditions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):1-6.
Periodically poled lithium niobate ridge waveguides with high conversion efficiency for 2f‐to‐3f self‐referencing interferometer
Authors: Hitachi K. , Ishizawa A. , Nishikawa T. , Asobe M. , Sogawa T. 
Published: January 2013

The generation of second‐ and third‐harmonic light with single‐ and dual‐pitch periodically poled lithium niobate ridge waveguides for achieving a carrier‐envelope‐offset‐locked frequency comb with low pulse energy is investigated. The wavelengths of both the second‐ and third‐harmonic light converted by short‐ and long‐wavelength components of supercontinuum spectra are precisely adjusted by selecting appropriate pitch size and controlling the temperature of the devices. The output powers of the second‐ and third‐harmonic light are 9.1 and 4.8 µW, respectively, when using a 2/3‐octave‐wide supercontinuum light generated by a 1.2 nJ laser pulse at a repetition rate of 250 MHz.
Highly conducting carbon nanotube composite for electric heating unit applications
Authors: Park S.H. , Chu K.‐M. 
Published: January 2013

The fabrication of highly conducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite is presented with the aim of electric heating unit applications. High shear processing techniques were used to separate highly entangled multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with high aspect ratio (∼5000). No notable agglomerates or phase separation between the CNTs and PDMS matrix are observed, and the CNTs are well dispersed. It is observed that the approximate percolation threshold is found to be below 0.1 vol.%, which is a lower value than previously reported. The resulting conductivity of the CNT/PDMS composite is about 2.23 S/cm at 5.7 vol.% CNT loading. The fabricated CNT/PDMS composites can be quickly heated from room temperature to 130 °C within 90 s by applying a DC voltage of 5 V. The proposed CNT‐polymer composite system with obtained results could be used as a basis for light‐weight and high effective heating unit applications.
Suppression of multiple power line harmonic interference for low frequency signals
Authors: Trudeau L.C. , Gagnon F. 
Published: January 2013

A novel and simple algorithm capable of extracting and cancelling harmonic disturbance from signals subject to severe power line interference is presented. The key element consists of the adaptation of a filter to a deterministic harmonic reference closely correlated to the interference. The resulting signal is optimal in the mean squared error sense. Simulation results show that this carefully crafted adaptive scheme can improve by up to 30 dB the signal to interference ratio. Minimal remaining interference and fast convergence are obtained by optimisation of the algorithm's parameters.
Efficient phase regeneration of DPSK signal by sideband‐assisted dual‐pump phase‐sensitive amplifier
Authors: Gao M. , Kurosu T. , Inoue T. , Namiki S. 
Published: January 2013

A high phase sensitivity of 25 dB at the nonlinear phase shift of 0.8 rad in a sideband‐assisted dual‐pump phase‐sensitive amplifier is achieved. Here the sidebands play an important role to evoke larger phase‐sensitive attenuations for achieving higher phase sensitivity at such a lower nonlinear phase shift. This feature is utilised to improve the efficiency in the phase regeneration of 21.5 Gbit/s DPSK signals. The phase error of 22.6° was squeezed to 2.5° by operating such a sideband‐assisted dual‐pump phase‐sensitive amplifier at 0.8 rad nonlinear phase shift. The operations at low nonlinear phase shift enable utilisation of the state‐of‐the‐art silica‐based highly nonlinear fibre with low noise and low dispersion slope by avoiding stimulated Brillouin scattering induced by higher pump power.
All‐optical time‐domain demultiplexing of 170.8 Gbit/s signal in chalcogenide GeAsSe microstructured fibre
Authors: Le S.D. , Gay M. , Bramerie L. , Chartier T. , Thual M. , Simon J.‐C. , Brilland L. , Méchin D. , Toupin P. , Troles J. 
Published: January 2013

A report is presented on four‐wave‐mixing‐based all‐optical time‐domain demultiplexing of a 170.8 Gbit/s signal down to 42.7 Gbit/s in a chalcogenide GeAsSe microstructured fibre. The high nonlinearity of the fibre allows error‐free and low power penalty operation with only 56 mW of total input average power.
Bandstop response of microstrip stepped impedance ring with rotational symmetry
Authors: Jin X.H. , Huang X.D. , Cheng C.H. 
Published: January 2013

The bandstop behaviour of a stepped impedance microstrip ring is studied. The ring is composed of four sections of microstrip line, which are equal in electrical length, but different in impedance. When the impedances of the lines meet the condition of rotational symmetry, a bandstop response could be obtained. At the central frequency of the stopband, the electrical length of the lines is 90°. By tuning the lines' impedances, the bandwidth could be finely adjusted, typically from 0.5 to 40%. Prototypes are designed, fabricated and measured. Good agreements are observed between the measured and the simulated data. The measured data shows that the 3 dB bandwidth is 24%, with a rejection level of −32 dB at the central frequency 1.99 GHz. In addition, the measured matching within the passband is good, as predicted.
RCS enhancement of flattened dihedral corner reflector using reflectarray approach
Authors: Lipuma D. , Méric S. , Gillard R. 
Published: January 2013

Presented is the use of a reflectarray‐based structure in order to enhance the radar cross‐section (RCS) of a flattened dihedral corner reflector. Phase‐shifting cells are printed on the panels of the reflector to steer the reflected beam so that a retrodirective radiation is obtained. An experimental validation is given at 9 GHz.
HSV carrying WT REST establishes latency but reactivates only if the synthesis of REST is suppressed
Authors: Zhou Guoying , Du Te , Roizman Bernard 
Published: January 2013

Significance
HSV expresses numerous functions to suppress the host and replicate at body orifices and yet establishes silent, latent infections in sensory neurons. One hypothesis that addresses the apparent contradiction is that peripheral ganglia serve as barriers to the spread of viruses via neurons in the CNS and that HSV usurps these functions to establish a latent state. This report examines the role of the corepressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST)/REST repressor complex in establishment of latency and reactivation. Mirroring earlier studies showing that expression of dominant-negative REST suppresses latency and increases virulence, a WT REST inserted into the viral genome enables latency but blocks reactivation.
Mixed Metazoan and Bacterial Infection of the Gas Bladder of the Lined Seahorse—A Case Report
Authors: Anderson Paul A. , Petty Barbara D. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Five wild-caught Lined Seahorses Hippocampus erectus from an aquarium system presented with altered buoyancy and distended upper trunks. Radiography of one specimen revealed a reduced air volume in the gas bladder. Pneumocystocentesis revealed a brown exudate of numerous leukocytes, parasite ova, and Gram- and acid-fast-positive bacilli under wet mounts and stains. Necropsies revealed enlarged, friable kidneys and distended gas bladders containing copious purulent exudate, necrotic tissue, and adult digeneans Dictysarca virens. Bacterial isolates from exudate cultures grown on Lowenstein–Jensen medium were identified as Gordonia sp. and Mycobacterium poriferae by high-performance liquid chromatography and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Histopathology demonstrated a histiocytic response in kidney and gas bladder exudate, inflammation of the gas bladder wall, and infection of the gas bladder lumen with parasite ova and acid-fast-positive and Gomori's methenamine silver-positive bacilli. Praziquantel is prescribed for digenean infections but dissolves incompletely in seawater and is toxic to this host. Eradication of intermediate host vectors is a management option. Treatment of Gordonia infection has not been addressed in nonhuman animals, and there is no known effective treatment for Mycobacterium spp. infection in fishes. This is the first case report of digenean infection of the gas bladder in a syngnathid, Gordonia sp. infection in a nonhuman animal, and M. poriferae infection in a fish.
Received May 25, 2012; accepted October 12, 2012
Quantifying the tradeoff between precaution and yield in fishery reference points
Authors: Hart Deborah R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Hart, D. R. 2013. Quantifying the tradeoff between precaution and yield in fishery reference points. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 591–603. A method using Monte Carlo simulations for estimating fishery reference points that accounts for parameter uncertainty is presented. Uncertainties in the input parameters of yield-per-recruit and stock-recruit analyses are propagated to estimate uncertainty in reference points such as FMSY. These uncertainties are used to evaluate the tradeoffs between the risks of overfishing and stock collapse, and the cost of reduced expected yield due to setting fishing mortality below FMSY. At fishing mortalities near FMSY, reduction in fishing mortality substantially decreases the probability of overfishing and stock collapse in exchange for slightly reduced expected yield. At lower fishing mortality rates, the marginal benefit (in terms of lessened risk of overfishing and stock collapse) from further reductions in fishing mortality is less, and the cost in forgone yield is greater. Less resilient “low steepness” stocks require additional precaution due to the risk of complete population collapse. Marine protected areas can also reduce risks of collapse, but at a higher cost in terms of expected yield than effort reduction. Implementation uncertainty (i.e. uncertainty in achieving a fishing mortality target) increases the risk of overfishing as well the loss of yield due to precaution, except at fishing mortalities near or above FMSY.