bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients followed‐up for 5 years
Authors: Wu Jin‐Ming , Kuo Ting‐Chun , Wu Chien‐Hui , Yang Ching‐Yao , Tien Yu‐Wen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is a common long‐term metabolic sequela caused by anatomical changes after major gastrointestinal surgery, such as bariatric surgery and gastrectomy. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) involves resection of the duodenum and enteral bypass, which may contribute to malabsorption and nutrient deficiency. Hence, PD may cause anemia.MethodsThis study included 322 patients who presented with PD during the 5‐year follow‐up from 2006 to 2017. The Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox regression model were used to investigate the association between risk factors and anemia.ResultsApproximately 44.4% of patients developed post‐PD anemia during the 5‐year post‐PD follow‐up. Further, 30 (9.3%) patients were treated with oral iron supplementation for anemia with associated symptoms. In the Cox multivariate model, a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were significantly associated with the development of post‐PD anemia.ConclusionPost‐PD anemia is a common sequela among long‐term survivors. A higher CCI and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis were considered as independent risk factors for post‐PD anemia. Therefore, regular monitoring of hematological profiles and appropriate management of post‐PD anemia are required during follow‐up.
How anatomy influences measurements of snakes
Authors: Cundall David , Deufel Alexandra , Pattishall Abigail 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnatomy compromises the precision and accuracy of measurements made of the body length and head size of live snakes. Body measures (snout‐vent length, SVL) incorporate many synovial intervertebral joints, each allowing flexion and limited extension and compression. Radiographs of the trunk in 14 phylogenetically diverse species in resting and stretched conditions combined with dissections and histological analysis of intervertebral joints show that the synovial nature of these joints underlies the variance in SVL measures. Similarly, the ubiquity and variety of viscoelastic tissues connecting mobile snout and jaw elements of alethinophidian snakes underlie variances in length and width measures of the head. For the overall size of the head and jaw apparatus, the part that can be most easily and relatively precisely measured for many snakes is the mandible because it has only one mobile joint. As to accuracy, the anatomy of intervertebral and cranial joints supports the hypothesis that in living snakes, the head and trunk have no exact size.
Comparative morphology in the context of facial reduction: Modularity in primate, dog, and bat crania
Authors: Selba Molly C. , Vilaplana Grosso Federico R. , DeLeon Valerie B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiological variation in the mammalian skull is the product of a series of factors including changes in gene expression, developmental timing, and environmental pressures. When considering the diversity of extant mammalian crania, it is important to understand these mechanisms that contribute to cranial growth and in turn, how differences in cranial morphology have been attained. Various researchers, including Dr. Sue Herring, have proposed a variety of mechanisms to explain the process of cranial growth. This work has set the foundation on which modern analysis of craniofacial morphology happens today. This study focused on the analysis of modularity in three mammalian taxa, all of which exhibit facial reduction. Specifically, we examined facial reduction as a morphological phenomenon through the use of two‐module and six‐module modularity hypotheses. We recorded three‐dimensional coordinate data for 55 cranial landmarks that allowed us to analyze differences in cranial shape in these three taxa (primates n = 88, bats n = 64, dogs n = 81). When assessing modularity within the two‐module modularity hypothesis specifically, dogs exhibited the lowest levels of modularity, while bats and primates both showed a slightly more modular covariance structure. We further assessed modularity in the same sample using the Goswami six‐module model, where again dogs exhibited a low degree of modularity, with bats and primates being more moderate. We then broke the sample into subsets by analyzing each morphotype separately. We hypothesized that the modularity would be more pronounced in the brachycephalic morphotype. Surprisingly, we found that in brachycephalic dogs, normocephalic dogs, brachycephalic primates, and normocephalic primates, there was a moderate degree of modularity. Brachycephalic bats had a low degree of modularity, while normocephalic bats were the most modular group observed in this study. Based on these results, it is evident that facial reduction is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon with unique morphological changes observed in each of the three taxa studied.
Leader inclusiveness and team resilience capacity in multinational teams: The role of organizational diversity climate
Authors: Hundschell Andreas , Backmann Julia , Tian Amy Wei , Hoegl Martin 
Published: August 2024

SummaryMultinational teams face numerous challenges arising from pressures in the global business environment and complexities posed by national diversity within teams. Team resilience capacity has been identified as an important capability for successful performance in challenging work environments, yet little is known about which factors contribute to it in a multinational context. Given that teams are inherently situated within a specific context and shaped by team leaders and the organizational environment, enhancing our understanding of contexts involving multinational teams is crucial for fostering team resilience and performance. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, we investigate the influence of leader inclusiveness on the resilience capacity of multinational teams and explore how the organizational diversity climate shapes this relationship. Findings from our quantitative, multi‐informant study based on data collected from 111 multinational teams reveal that leader inclusiveness enhances team resilience capacity and that such an effect is stronger when the organizational diversity climate is high. We also highlight that leader inclusiveness improves team performance indirectly via its effect on team resilience capacity, contingent on the organizational diversity climate.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health, Soil Quality, and Production of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Kaur Jupinder , Walia Sohan Singh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe integrated application of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and biofertilizers helps sustain the nutrient pool and benefits the soil quality, thereby boosting plant health. The effect of different combinations of biofertilizers (consortium biofertilizer [CBF]—non‐rhizobial PGPR), inorganic fertilizers, and organic fertilizers on soil health, growth, and yield of cowpea was evaluated by conducting a field experiment. The application of N100 FYM + CBF resulted in significantly higher populations of bacteria, fungi, PSB, and diazotroph, as well as soil dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. However, the application of N100 FYM recorded a significantly higher actinomycetes population. The application of N100 FYM + CBF resulted in significantly higher soil OC, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The soil pH was recorded to be highest in control, and soil EC was recorded to be lowest in control. The plant uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was significantly higher with N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. The root–shoot biomass, number of leaves, nodules/plant, number of pods/plants, pod biomass, pod length, and pod width were significantly higher in treatment having N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. However, the height of the plant, number of branches, and biomass of leaves were highest in treatment with N25 FYM + NP75 + CBF. The pod and stover yield were significantly higher in treatment with N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. The results showed that the integrated application of non‐rhizobial PGPR along with organic and inorganic fertilizer helps to improve overall soil health, quality, and plant growth of forage cowpea contributing to an increase in crop yield.
Predictors of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes and positive tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A
Authors: Rutsky Jessica , Krueger Andrew , Sun Qin , Fei Lin , Mallon Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesIdentify clinical and serologic features that more accurately predict a diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), particularly focusing on the degree of elevation of tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (TTG IgA) and dilution of positive endomysial antibody (EMA).MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective review of patients with T1DM who underwent endoscopy from 2016 to 2022 for evaluation of CD. We compared demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data as well as symptoms and endoscopy findings for subjects with and without CD.ResultsOf 123 subjects who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 74 (60%) were diagnosed with CD. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed the factors associated with CD were degree of TTG IgA elevation, EMA positivity, and degree of EMA dilution. For every 10‐fold increase in TTG IgA, there was a 4.7× increased risk of CD. TTG IgA ≥10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) provided a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85% (confidence interval [CI]: [0.76–92]) in all subjects and 91% in asymptomatic subjects (CI: [0.75–0.98]). Of 66 subjects with EMA data, 41 (62%) were positive and 32 had CD (PPV = 0.78). Of 12 asymptomatic subjects with positive EMA, eight had CD (PPV = 0.67). For subjects with EMA ≥ 1:80, all were diagnosed with CD, and all had TTG IgA ≥10 times the ULN.ConclusionsAmong patients with T1DM, symptoms, adjunct labs, and anthropometrics do not help predict CD, but the degree of elevation of TTG IgA and dilution of a positive EMA result do.
Antimicrobial and therapeutic potentials of the blackberry extracts against Escherichia coli infection in male albino rats
Authors: Salah‐Eldin Aziza Ali , Ibrahim Huda Hassan , Ali Marwa Rashad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlackberries have garnered attention recently due to their high concentration of bioactive components like anthocyanin and their health advantages. Therefore, this study aims to determine the bioactive profile, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of blackberry extracts (BBEs). Then, evaluate the protective effect of BBEs (20%, 30% and 40%) in a rat model of 2 mL of 4–8 × 106 Escherichia coli ATTC 25922 strain colony‐forming unit mL−1 oral infection on the seventh day of the experiment.RESULTSRats were divided into six groups: G1: control (C−: normal or negative group), G2: (C+: infected or positive group), G3: infected‐treated group by 20% BBE, G4: infected‐treated group by 30% BBE, G5: infected‐treated group by 40% of BBE and G6: infected‐treated group by Gentamicin. The results showed that BBE had a high content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents, and different vitamins (vitamins A, E and C), reaching 450, 186, 58.83 mg 100 g−1, 2.68, 2.14 and 107.46 mg 100g−1 fresh weight, respectively, which showed great antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Therefore, liver enzymes, kidney function and lipid profiles were significantly higher in the infected group than in the control or infected‐treated groups. Furthermore, BBE ameliorated inflammation of the intestine and hepatocyte damage compared to the infected control group.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that consistent intake of BBE might alleviate hepatic inflammation and the gut microbiota in ways that could significantly impact human health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phytogenic effects of Marrubium vulgare on the growth performance of weaned piglets: biochemical parameters and liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometric profile of plant and animal serum
Authors: da Silva Ana Caroline , Da Cunha Guinter Silva , Tizziani Tiago , Schlemper Valfredo , Sandjo Louis P 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMultidrug‐resistant bacteria in humans have prompted the search for alternative solutions derived from herbal medicines that can substitute antibiotics in livestock production. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the phytogenic properties of Marrubium vulgare infusion (MVI) on weaned pigs. Thirty animals were randomly divided into five groups of six animals, each receiving a physiological solution, clenbuterol and the infusion extract at doses of 0.01 (MVI 1%), 0.1 (MVI 10%) and 0.2 (MVI 20%) mg kg−1 for 28 days. Biochemical parameters and the liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometric (LC‐ESI‐MS) chemical profiles of the infusion extract and animal serum were studied.RESULTSThe doses MVI 1 and 10% led to weight gain higher than the controls. No significant changes were noted in the biochemical parameters including erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and others. Evaluation of enzymatic levels in blood revealed no significant changes. LC‐ESI‐MS data of MVI showed the presence of 34 secondary metabolites, and successive chromatographic purification of MVI yielded marrubiin and apigenin as major components. LC‐ESI‐MS data of animal serum showed the presence of a diterpene, a flavonoid and diverse cholic acid derivatives.CONCLUSIONResults indicated the doses MVI 1 and 10% promote weight gain with no significant alterations in blood biochemicals, and liver and kidney function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Removal of proteins and lipids affects structure, in vitro digestion and physicochemical properties of rice flour modified by heat‐moisture treatment
Authors: Xiang Guiyuan , Han Wenfang , Ma Tengfei , Huang Tianai , Lin Qinlu , Fu Xiangjin , Yang Ying , Li Jiangtao , Li Peirui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this experiment was to investigate the role of endogenous proteins and lipids in the structural and physicochemical properties of starch in heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) rice flour and to reveal their effect on starch digestibility under heat.RESULTSThe findings indicate that, in the absence of endogenous proteins and lipids acting as a physical barrier, especially proteins, the interaction between rice flour and endogenous proteins and lipids diminished. This reduction led to fewer starch–protein inclusion complexes and starch–lipid complexes, altering the granule aggregation structure of rice flour. It resulted in a decrease in particle size, an increase in agglomeration between starch granules, and more surface cracking on rice granules. Under HMT conditions with a moisture content of 30%, slight gelatinization of the starch granules occurred, contributing to an increased starch hydrolysis rate. In addition, the elevated thermal energy effect of HMT enhanced interactions between starch molecular chains. These resulted in a decrease in crystallinity, short‐range ordering, and the content of double‐helix structure within starch granules. These structural transformations led to higher pasting temperatures, improved hot and cold paste stability, and a decrease in peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, and enthalpy of pasting of the starch granules.CONCLUSIONThe combined analysis of microstructure, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestion characteristics has enabled us to further enhance our understanding of the interaction mechanisms between endogenous proteins, lipids, and starches during HMT. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Third‐Trimester Ultrasound Diagnosis of Large for Gestational Age and Risk of Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Cooley Morgan E. , Maxwell Rose A. , Miller Rebecca , Wiegand Samantha L. , Mckenna David S. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveDetermine if knowledge of a third‐trimester ultrasound diagnosis of large for gestational age (LGA) independently increases the risk of cesarean delivery (CD).Study DesignHistorical cohort comparing CD rate among patients diagnosed with an LGA fetus on a clinically indicated ultrasound from January 2017 to July 2021 with those without an LGA diagnosis at 34 weeks or later. LGA was defined as an ultrasound‐estimated fetal weight greater than or equal to the 90th percentile for the gestational age. Univariate analysis was performed to identify significant confounding variables and was utilized as covariates for binary regression with CD rate as the primary outcome, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Nulliparous term singleton vertex (NTSV) and multiparous CD rates were also compared.ResultsThere were 447 patients diagnosed with an LGA fetus and 1971 patients without an LGA diagnosis on third‐trimester ultrasound. The positive predictive value of LGA diagnosis was 50.1% and the false positive rate was 10.6%. Patients with a diagnosis of LGA had higher AOR of CD (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.56‐2.83), and higher AOR of NTSV CD (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.14‐3.13) compared with those without an LGA diagnosis. There was no difference in the rates of non‐medically indicated CD, multiparous primary CD, and attempted and successful TOLAC.ConclusionOur results suggest third‐trimester ultrasound diagnosis of LGA independently increases odds of CD, specifically among nulliparous patients, and the potential bias may be one factor contributing to excessive CDs and NTSV CDs.
Developmental Changes of the Coronary Sinus Between the First and Second Trimesters
Authors: Abu‐Rustum Reem S. , Pierre Kevin , Dyrda Mackenzie , Smith Erica , Abchee Nicolas , Bilardo Caterina M. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the coronary sinus (CS) presence, size, and CS to atrial ratio (CS/A) in the first trimester (FT) compared with the second trimester (ST).MethodsIn this IRB‐approved retrospective study, fetuses with adequate FT cardiac sweeps and normal ST hearts were included. Maternal and fetal characteristics were obtained. CS and atrial diameters were measured by a single sonologist. The CS/A ratio was compared between FT and ST. Linear regression assessed the relationship between biparietal diameter (BPD) and CS and atrial diameters. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.ResultsAmong 99 fetuses, the CS was seen in 42/53 (79.2%) in the FT and 14/32 (43.8%) in the ST. No significant associations were found between CS visualization and the factors analyzed. The CS/A ratio was significantly higher in the FT versus ST (0.43 vs 0.25; P < .0001). Combined FT and ST data revealed positive correlations between BPD and both CS (slope = 0.018, P < .0001) and atrial diameters (slope = 0.135, P < .0001), suggesting differential growth rates, with the atrium exhibiting a faster growth rate as BPD increased.ConclusionsThe CS appears prominent in the FT compared with the ST, likely due to differential growth rates between the CS and atrium. Remnants of embryonic structures, differences in myocardial drainage, and hemodynamics may also be contributing factors. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess the value of the FT CS/A ratio.
Phenology of gross primary productivity in rivers displays high variability within years but stability across years
Authors: Marzolf Nicholas S. , Vlah Michael J. , Lowman Heili E. , Slaughter Weston M. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractModeling and sensor innovations in the last decade have enabled routine and continuous estimation of daily gross primary productivity (GPP) for rivers. Here, we generate and evaluate within and across year variability for 59 US rivers for which we have compiled a 14‐yr time series of daily GPP estimates. River productivity varied widely across (median annual GPP 462 g C m−2 yr−1, range 19–3445 g C m−2 yr−1) and within rivers (CVGPP‐Inter 5.7–37.3%). Within this dataset, we found that five rivers have become consistently more productive over time, while 11 rivers have become consistently less productive. Furthermore, trends in ecosystem phenology were identified, where cumulative annual GPP was reached earlier (n = 3) and later (n = 13) in the year across the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. Understanding the drivers of productivity trends in rivers will elucidate patterns in river food webs and the functional role of river biogeochemistry.
Organic‐Inorganic Cuprous Halides With Reversible Photoluminescence for Multiple Optical Applications
Authors: Cao Sijun , Lai Jun'an , Wang Yijia , An Kang , Jiang Tingming , Wu Mengyue , Feng Peng , He Peng , Tang Xiaosheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract0D organic‐inorganic Cu(I)‐based halides have gained significant attention due to their low toxicity, structural adjustability, and moderate fabrication conditions. However, it is still challenging to explore stable and efficient 0D hybrid Cu(I)‐based halides that have phase transition and tunable spectra for multifunctional photoelectric applications. Herein, two 0D copper halides, green‐emissive (MTPP)2CuI3 and yellow‐emissive (MTPP)2Cu4I6(MTPP = Methyltriphenylphosphonium), are successfully synthesized using a slow cooling method. Both compounds exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 81.95 and 99.7%, and remarkable steady‐state light yield of 38 750 and 63 700 photons per MeV, respectively. The scintillation screen of the two compounds based on vacuum‐filtration enables high X‐ray imaging resolution of 17.83 and 18.49 lp mm−1, showing great potential in practical X‐ray imaging applications. Moreover, a reversible and fast phase transformation between them occurs when stimulated by ethanol or MTPP solutions, without requiring additional thermal treatment, which endows them with a high level of anti‐counterfeiting under room temperature (RT). It is worth noting that they display remarkable resistance to water, maintaining its phase purity even after being immersed in water for 30 days. This study introduces a new approach to investigate the 0D Cu‐based halides that exhibit excellent scintillation performance, stability, and efficient photoluminescence tunability for multiple applications.
Reversible Solubility Switching of a Polymer Triggered by Visible‐Light Responsive Azobenzene Photochromism with Negligible Thermal Relaxation
Authors: Ueki Takeshi , Osaka Yuna , Homma Kenta , Yamamoto Shota , Saruwatari Aya , Wang Hongxin , Kamimura Masao , Nakanishi Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study reports the reversible solubility switching of a polymer triggered by non‐phototoxic visible light. A photochromic polymerizable azobenzene monomer with four methoxy groups at the ortho‐position (mAzoA) was synthesized, exhibiting reversible photoisomerization between trans‐ and cis‐states using green (546 nm) and blue light (436 nm). Free radical copolymerization of hydrophilic dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) with mAzoA produced a light‐responsive random copolymer (P(mAzoA‐r‐DMAAm)) that shows a reversible photochromic reaction to visible light. Optimizing mAzoA content resulted in P(mAzoA10.7‐r‐DMAAm)3.0 kDa exhibiting LCST‐type phase separation in PBS (pH 7.4) with trans‐ and cis‐states at 39.2 °C and 32.9 °C, respectively. The bistable temperature range of 6.3 °C covers 37 °C, suitable for mammalian cell culture. Reversible solubility changes were demonstrated under alternating green and blue light at 37 °C. 1H NMR indicated significant retardation of thermal relaxation from cis‐ to trans‐states, preventing undesired thermal mechanical degradation. Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells adhered to the P(mAzoA‐r‐DMAAm) hydrogel, confirming its non‐cytotoxicity and potential for biocompatible interfaces. This principle is useful for developing hydrogels that can reversibly stimulate cells mechanically or chemically in response to visible light.