bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Challenges, Strategies, and Support Needs in Schools Affected by Community Violence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Maring Elisabeth F. , Koblinsky Sally A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDExposure to community violence compromises teacher effectiveness, student learning, and socioemotional well‐being. This study examined the challenges, strategies, and support needs of teachers in urban schools affected by high levels of community violence.METHODSTwenty teachers from 3 urban middle schools with predominantly low‐income African American students completed open‐ended interviews. Selected schools were in geographic areas with high violent crime levels.RESULTSConsistent with an ecological risk and resilience framework, findings revealed that teachers experienced challenges and adopted coping strategies at the individual, family, school, and community levels. Teachers employed a number of strategies associated with resilience, such as prayer and seeking support from family and colleagues, but also engaged in some avoidant strategies, such as emotional withdrawal and avoiding difficult students.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest interventions to improve school safety and reduce the negative impact of violence‐related stressors. Teacher training in behavior management, effective school leadership, improved school security, peer mediation, expanded mental health services, and parent involvement may promote resilience among both teachers and their students.
A Multilevel Assessment of School Climate, Bullying Victimization, and Physical Activity
Authors: Roman Caterina G. , Taylor Caitlin J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study integrated criminological and public health perspectives to examine the influence of bullying victimization and the school environment on physical activity (PA).METHODSWe used a weighted sample of 7786 US middle school students surveyed as part of the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children study to conduct a multilevel analysis of bullying victimization as a predictor of self‐reported PA and number of days attending physical education (PE) classes. Hierarchical models assessed the contribution of school climate and anti‐crime programs.RESULTSResults indicated that bullying victimization was associated with fewer days in PE and lower odds of reporting at least 60 minutes of PA more than once a week. Although one of the school crime prevention policies examined was associated with more days in PE, the school‐level factors did not account for a large portion of the variance in the 2‐level models for either days in PE or PA.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that reduced levels of PA can be added to the growing list of health issues associated with bullying victimization and provide support for the importance of bullying prevention efforts in conjunction with health promotion programs targeted to middle school students.
Increased Risk for School Violence‐Related Behaviors Among Adolescents With Insufficient Sleep
Authors: Hildenbrand Aimee K. , Daly Brian P. , Nicholls Elizabeth , Brooks‐Holliday Stephanie , Kloss Jacqueline D. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool violence is associated with significant acute and long‐term negative health outcomes. Previous investigations have largely neglected the role of pertinent health behaviors in school violence, including sleep. Insufficient sleep is associated with adverse physical, behavioral, and psychosocial consequences among adolescents, many of which are concurrently implicated in youth violence. This study examined the relationship between insufficient sleep and school violence behaviors in a nationally representative sample of high school students.METHODWe used data from the 2009 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between insufficient sleep and school violence behaviors, controlling for demographic factors. In addition to examining main effects, interaction terms were entered into the models to examine whether potential associations varied by sex or race/ethnicity.RESULTSStudents with insufficient sleep had higher odds of engaging in the majority of school violence‐related behaviors examined compared to students with sufficient sleep. Males with insufficient sleep were at increased risk of weapon carrying at school, a finding not observed for females with insufficient sleep. White students with insufficient sleep had higher odds of missing school because of safety concerns, a pattern that did not emerge among Black and Hispanic/Latino students.CONCLUSIONResults highlight the potential value of incorporating sleep education interventions into school‐based violence prevention programs and underline the need for further examination of the relationship between sleep and school violence among adolescents.
Using the Extended Parallel Process Model to Examine Teachers' Likelihood of Intervening in Bullying
Authors: Duong Jeffrey , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTeachers play a critical role in protecting students from harm in schools, but little is known about their attitudes toward addressing problems like bullying. Previous studies have rarely used theoretical frameworks, making it difficult to advance this area of research. Using the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), we examined the association between teachers' perceived threat and perceived efficacy and their likelihood of intervening in bullying situations. We also explored whether the school level at which teachers taught (elementary vs secondary), and their years of experience of working at the school moderated these associations.METHODSData come from 1062 teachers who completed an anonymous Web‐based survey regarding their attitudes and responses to bullying. Structural equation modeling and multiple group analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships and for effect modification by teacher characteristics.RESULTSPerceived threat and efficacy were associated with teachers' likelihood of intervening in bullying situations but varied based on teachers' years of experience at their school. For less experienced teachers, perceived efficacy, but not perceived threat, was strongly associated with likelihood of intervening. For more experienced teachers, both perceived threat and perceived efficacy were significantly associated. Finally, the associations did not differ by the school level.CONCLUSIONThis is one of few studies examining possible predictors of teachers' likelihood of intervening in bullying situations. EPPM may inform the development of bullying interventions aiming to increase the likelihood that teachers will intervene in bullying situations.
Rapidly evolving hypopituitarism in a boy with multiple autoimmune disorders
Authors: Jevalikar Ganesh , Wong Sze Choong , Zacharin Margaret 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA 10‐year‐old boy with acute onset cranial diabetes insipidus and multiple autoimmune disorders had evolving panhypopituitarism, thought to be due to autoimmune hypophysitis. Over 18 months, a dramatic clinical course with progressive hypopituitarism and development of type 1 diabetes mellitus was evident. Serial brain imaging showed changes suggestive of germinoma.
A randomised trial of two techniques for bottle feeding preterm infants
Authors: Dawson Jennifer A , Myers Leanne R , Moorhead Anita , Jacobs Susan E , Ong Katherine , Salo Frances , Murray Sally , Donath Susan , Davis Peter G 
Published: April 2013

AimPreterm infants begin the transition from gastric tube feeds to sucking feeds around 34 weeks' postmenstrual age. We compared physiological stability in two bottle feeding positions, cradle hold versus side lying in preterm infants.MethodsRandomised crossover trial of infants <34 weeks' gestation at birth, ≥34 weeks' postmenstrual age at study and receiving at least two sucking feeds/day. Two feeds were studied on successive days. A pulse oximeter measured oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) before, during and 30 min after feeds. Continuous data were compared using paired t‐tests and proportions using chi squared.ResultsTwenty‐five study infants were mean (standard deviation (SD)) 37 (2.4) weeks' post‐menstrual age and 2740 (589) g at study. There was little difference in mean (SD) SpO2 during feeds between the cradle‐hold and side‐lying position 94 (6) % versus 95 (6) %, respectively (P = 0.55, confidence interval (CI) −1.4, 5.4). During feeds, 17/25 (68%) experienced a period of SpO2 <80% in the cradle‐hold position compared with 14/25 (56) % in the side‐lying position (P = 0.26, CI 0.68, 4.10). There were no significant differences in the mean HR or number of episodes of bradycardia HR <100 bpm. There was a trend towards infants consuming a smaller mean (SD) proportion of their feed in the cradle‐hold position compared with the side‐lying position, 82 (25) % versus 87 (20) % (P = 0.08, CI −0.64, 10.00).ConclusionsThere was little difference in infants' physiological stability between the two bottle feeding positions. Both methods may be appropriate for the transition from gastric tube to sucking feeds in preterm infants.
A Meta‐Analysis of Environmentally Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices and Firm Performance
Authors: Golicic Susan L. , Smith Carlo D. 
Published: April 2013

Studies linking environmental sustainability to firm performance have been increasing as more companies are contemplating the implementation of sustainable practices internally and in coordination with other firms along their supply chains. However, findings from these studies have found positive and negative associations, leaving practitioners perplexed as to what actions would be beneficial to pursue. With hypotheses grounded in the natural resource–based view of the firm, the current study examines over 20 years of research on environmental supply chain practices using a meta‐analysis to determine whether the overall effect of these specific practices on firm performance is, in fact, positive. The results show that the link between environmental supply chain practices and market‐based, operational‐based and accounting‐based forms of firm performance is positive and significant, providing support for the business case that sustainable supply chain management results in increased firm performance. Different operationalizations of supply chain practices — upstream, design, production and downstream — along with industry, sample region, firm size and time are examined as moderators of this relationship with nuanced results that help to extend the discipline's understanding of the relationship between environmentally sustainable supply chain management and firm performance.
Offshoring and Reshoring: An Update on the Manufacturing Location Decision
Authors: Ellram Lisa M. , Tate Wendy L. , Petersen Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2013

This research uses data from a survey to explore the factors that affect organizations' manufacturing location decisions. Manufacturing location, more specifically the possibility of firms' nearshoring or reshoring, has received a great deal of recent attention, especially in the United States. This paper applies the location aspect of internalization theory to provide an understanding of what factors affect organizations' perceptions of the attractiveness of various regions as locations for owned manufacturing facilities. An exploratory factor analysis is used to develop factors that drive manufacturing location decisions. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship between the drivers of manufacturing location decisions and movement of manufacturing into or out of a region, and overall perceived risk of a region. Findings indicate that various drivers have differential effects across regions. For example, while North America is viewed favorably for its trade policies over the next 3 years, the trade policies are also viewed as an increasing source of risk, possibly reflecting bipartisan conflicts. Three theoretical propositions are developed to advance the understanding of the current state of manufacturing location decisions from an internalization perspective. It appears that organizations are beginning to look at their manufacturing location decisions through a broader lens, giving more weight to supply chain issues as well as strategic factors.
Stable carbon isotope labeling reveals different carry‐over effects between functional types of tropical trees in an Ethiopian mountain forest
Authors: Krepkowski Julia , Gebrekirstos Aster , Shibistova Olga , Bräuning Achim 
Published: April 2013

Summary

We present an intra‐annual stable carbon isotope (δ13C) study based on a labeling experiment to illustrate differences in temporal patterns of recent carbon allocation to wood structures of two functional types of trees, Podocarpus falcatus (a late‐successional evergreen conifer) and Croton macrostachyus (a deciduous broadleaved pioneer tree), in a tropical mountain forest in Ethiopia.

Dendrometer data, wood anatomical thin sections, and intra‐annual δ13C analyses were applied.

Isotope data revealed a clear annual growth pattern in both studied species. For P. falcatus, it was possible to synchronize annual δ13C peaks, wood anatomical structures and monthly precipitation patterns. The labeling signature was evident for three consecutive years. For C. macrostachyus, isotope data illustrate a rapid decline of the labeling signal within half a year.

Our δ13C labeling study indicates a distinct difference in carryover effects between trees of different functional types. A proportion of the labeled δ13C is stored in reserves of wood parenchyma for up to 3 yr in P. falcatus. By contrast, C. macrostachyus shows a high turnover of assimilates and a carbon carryover effect is only detectable in the subsequent year.
Osteoid osteoma mimicking Brodie's abscess in a 13‐year‐old girl
Authors: Schlur Charles , Bachy Manon , Wajfisz Anthony , Ducou le Pointe Hubert , Josset Patrice , Vialle Raphaël 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOsteoid osteoma is a solitary, benign lesion of bone causing significant nocturnal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and bone scan are commonly used in this diagnosis. A case of osteoid osteoma of the distal femur mimicking chronic osteomyelitis with Brodie's abscess is reported and discussed. Initial radiographs and MRI showed a lesion of the distal femur consistent with subacute osteomyelitis with a Brodie's abscess. Because primary malignant tumor could not be eliminated, surgical biopsy was carried out. Histological examination showed a typical nidus consistent with the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. Subacute osteomyelitis (Brodie's abscess) may be difficult to distinguish from other malignant or benign bone lesions as osteoid osteoma. CT usually is recommended as the best imaging procedure to identify the nidus and confirm the diagnosis. MRI also can be used for this purpose. Surgical biopsy remains mandatory for unclear lesions before deciding on appropriate treatment.
Modelling Time to Death or Discharge in Neonatal Care: An Application of Competing Risks
Authors: Hinchliffe Sally R. , Seaton Sarah E. , Lambert Paul C. , Draper Elizabeth S. , Field David J. , Manktelow Bradley N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding length of stay for babies in neonatal care is vital for planning services and for counselling parents. While previous work has focused on the length of stay of babies who survive to discharge, when investigating resource use within neonatal care, it is important to also incorporate information on those babies who die while in care. We present an analysis using competing risks methodology which allows the simultaneous modelling of babies who die in neonatal care and those who survive to discharge.MethodsData were obtained on 2723 babies born at 24–28 weeks gestational age in 2006–10 and admitted to neonatal care. Death and discharge alive are two mutually exclusive events and can be treated as competing risks. A flexible parametric modelling approach was used to analyse these two competing events and obtain estimates of the absolute probabilities of death or discharge.ResultsThe absolute probabilities of death or discharge are presented in graphical form showing the cause‐specific cumulative incidence over time by gender, gestational age and birthweight. The discharge of babies alive generally occurred over a longer time period for babies of lower gestational age and smaller birthweight than for bigger babies.ConclusionThis study has presented a useful statistical method for modelling the length of stay where there are significant rates of in‐unit mortality. In health care systems that are increasingly focusing on costs and resource planning, it is essential to consider not only length of stay of survivors but also for those patients who die before discharge.
Genetic diversity of Orobanche cumana populations from Spain assessed using SSR markers
Authors: Pineda‐Martos R , Velasco L , Fernández‐Escobar J , Fernández‐Martínez J M , Pérez‐Vich B 
Published: April 2013

SummaryOrobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) is found in Spain as an allochthonous species parasitising exclusively sunflower. For many years, it was distributed in the Guadalquivir Valley and Cuenca province, but in recent years, it has spread to new areas. The objective of this research was to study genetic diversity of O. cumana populations from Spain using robust co‐dominant molecular markers. Cluster analysis on a set of 50 populations using 15 microsatellite markers revealed the existence of two distant gene pools, one in Cuenca province and another one in the Guadalquivir Valley. Within each gene pool, both inter‐ and intrapopulation variability were extremely low. This population structure probably reflects a founder effect, with the two genetically distant gene pools deriving from separate introduction events. Different races occurred within the same gene pool, suggesting that current races might have evolved through mutation from a common genetic background. Most of the populations from new areas were identical to the populations from the Guadalquivir Valley. Only a few populations showed larger intrapopulation variation. In these cases, our results suggested the co‐existence of both gene pools within the same population, as well as the occurrence of genetic recombination between them. Genetic recombination between distant gene pools is an important mechanism for creating new variation, which might also have an effect on race evolution. These results will contribute to the establishment of improved crop breeding and management strategies for O. cumana control.
Prognostic factors predicting ischemic wound healing following hyperbaric oxygenation therapy
Authors: Feldman‐Idov Yulie , Melamed Yehuda , Linn Shai , Ore Liora 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIdentifying patients who benefit from hyperoxygenation therapy is important, because treatment is time‐consuming and involves high costs and complications (minor). Our objective was to develop a model for predicting therapy outcome based on population of patients with and without diabetes. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a major hospital in Israel. All 385 patients treated between 1/1/1998 and 1/1/2007 for ischemic nonhealing lower extremities wounds were included. Data on medical history, demographic, transcutaneous oximetry, wounds, treatment, and outcome characteristics were collected. Eight factors were identified to optimally predict wound healing: (1) number of hyperbaric oxygenation treatments (odds ratio [OR] = 1.034, p < 0.001), (2) transcutaneous oximetry values at hyperbaric conditions (OR = 1.001, p = 0.019), (3) wound duration (OR = 0.988, p = 0.022), (4) absence of heart disease (OR = 3.304, p < 0.001), (5) being employed (OR = 3.16, p = 0.008), (6) low socioeconomic status (OR = 2.50, p = 0.004), (7a) good/partial granulation wound appearance (OR = 2.73, p = 0.022), (7b) wounds covered with fibrin (OR = 3.16, p = 0.015), and (8) absence of anemia (OR = 2.13, p = 0.016). The model's sensitivity is 78.7%, specificity is 62.9%, and accuracy is 71.8%. We suggest using our model as an adjunct to patients' clinical evaluation. Also, we recommend initiating hyperoxygenation therapy no later than 2 months after wound appearance.
Identification of Amino Acids Conferring High-Level Resistance to Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporins in the
penA
Gene from Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strain H041
Authors: Tomberg Joshua , Unemo Magnus , Ohnishi Makoto , Davies Christopher , Nicholas Robert A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The recent identification of a high-level-ceftriaxone-resistant (MIC = 2 to 4 μg/ml) isolate of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
from Japan (H041) portends the loss of ceftriaxone as an effective treatment for gonococcal infections. This is of grave concern because ceftriaxone is the last remaining option for first-line empirical antimicrobial monotherapy. The
penA
gene from H041 (
penA41
) is a mosaic
penA
allele similar to mosaic alleles conferring intermediate-level cephalosporin resistance (Ceph
i
) worldwide but has 13 additional mutations compared to the mosaic
penA
gene from the previously studied Ceph
i
strain 35/02 (
penA35
). When transformed into the wild-type strain FA19, the
penA41
allele confers 300- and 570-fold increases in the MICs for ceftriaxone and cefixime, respectively. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in high-level ceftriaxone resistance and to improve surveillance and epidemiology during the potential emergence of ceftriaxone resistance, we sought to identify the minimum number of amino acid alterations above those in
penA35
that confer high-level resistance to ceftriaxone. Using restriction fragment exchange and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified three mutations, A311V, T316P, and T483S, that, when incorporated into the mosaic
penA35
allele, confer essentially all of the increased resistance of
penA41
. A311V and T316P are close to the active-site nucleophile Ser310 that forms the acyl-enzyme complex, while Thr483 is predicted to interact with the carboxylate of the β-lactam antibiotic. These three mutations have thus far been described only for
penA41
, but dissemination of these mutations in other mosaic alleles would spell the end of ceftriaxone as an effective treatment for gonococcal infections.