bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raw Particle Aggregation Control for Fabricating Submicrometer-sized Spherical Particles by Pulsed-laser Melting in Liquid
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshie , Katou Yukiko , Koshizaki Naoto , Feng Qi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We have been studying a new method of pulsed-laser melting in liquid, which is a unique and promising technique for the fabrication of submicrometer-sized spherical particles of various materials. However, spherical particles sometimes did not form depending on the raw particles, even when we used the same material. In this study, we clarified experimentally that particle aggregation in a suspension is important for spherical particle formation, and we found that the addition of an electrolyte to induce particle aggregation effectively promotes spherical particle formation.
Preparation and Visible-light Photocatalytic Activity of Microporous Pillared Layered Titanate
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiaki , Maeda Katsuya 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Microporous pillared layered titanates with large surface areas were prepared through the pyrolysis of silylated layered titanate under various atmospheres. The sample containing some organic residues showed visible-light photocatalytic activity toward methanol decomposition.
“Doubts still assail me”: Uncertainty and the Making of the Primitive Baptist Self in the Antebellum United States
Authors: Guthman Joshua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThough forged in the fires of the early nineteenth-century evangelical revivals, Primitive Baptists became the most significant opponents of the burgeoning antebellum evangelical movement. The Primitives were Calvinists who despised missionaries, Sunday schools, Bible tract societies, and the other accoutrements of evangelical Protestantism. This article contends that a feeling of uncertainty dominated Primitive Baptists' lives, catalyzed their movement's rise, and fueled their strident opposition to the theological and organizational changes shaping churches across the country. For Primitive Baptists, it was their questioning–especially their experience of persistent doubt–that set them apart from evangelicals. The uncertainty that colored Primitive Baptist selfhood motivated believers rather than paralyzed them. It propelled them toward a community of like-minded souls, and it stirred those souls to action as a more ardent brand of evangelical Protestantism crowded church pews. It is in the Primitives' uncertain selves–not in their theology or their socio-economic condition–that we find the most compelling explanation of their movement's unlikely rise.
Synthesis and Determination of Thermodynamical Properties of the Compounds of the system Ca-Mg-Bi
Authors: Ramírez C. , Romero J. A. , Hernández A. , Pérez F. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBismuth is an element obtained as a sub-product in lead production; Mexico occupies the second position in the world in production of this element. Bismuth is used as iron, aluminum and copper alloying, in the pharmaceutical industry, in the cosmetics industry, etc. Bismuth is separated from lead by the Kroll-Betterton Process in which a Ca-Mg alloy is added to the melting lead to form the intermetallic compounds Ca3Bi2, Mg3Bi2 and Ca2MgBi2 which float to the surface of the bath. Unfortunately, there is little thermodynamical information of the compounds of the system Ca-Mg-Bi which can be used to study and optimize the Kroll-Betterton process in a theoretical way. In this work there were synthesized the compounds Ca3Bi2, Mg3Bi2 and CaMg2Bi2 using powders of pure elements (Ca, Mg and Bi) in the required amounts and melted under an inert atmosphere. After synthesis, the samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction to ensure the formation of the desire compounds. Later, calorimetric technique was used to determine the thermodynamical properties of the compounds. The results obtained by X-Ray Diffraction show the formation of Mg3Bi2 and Mg2CaBi2 species; however, there is no crystallographic information of the compound Ca3Bi2. The heating curves obtained by calorimetry show endothermic peaks, due to the presence of phases changes as is indicated in the Ca-Bi, Mg-Bi and Ca-Mg-Bi phases diagrams.
Characterization Microstructural and Mechanical of X-60 Steel Heat-Treated
Authors: López Perrusquia N. , Ortega Herrera J. A. , Doñu Ruiz M.A. , Cortes Suarez V. J. , Cruz Rosado L. D. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper was study the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of an API X-60 steel used for storage and transportation of hydrocarbons.In the first stage evaluation are mechanical properties of steel heat treated by the technique of the three-point test according to ASTM 399-90 was carried out. In the second stage, characterization of the type of failure and microstructure through optical microscopy (OM) was determined; also heat treated samples were then mechanically tested for hardness (HRC) and nano-indentation. The presence of alloying elements by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the fracture surfaces generated in the steel with varying times, temperatures and cooling medium generated by different modes of solicitation (Bending), likewise with loading rates were determined. The results revealed a ductile fracture and microstructures (PF) ferrite-pearlite (DP), bainite -ferrite (BF) and martensite-retained and martensite/retained austenite (MA). Finally, this article discusses the effect of heat treatment followed by precipitation hardenable of steel API X-60 on the mechanical properties
Vacuum Foaming of Aluminum Scrap
Authors: Garabito J. A. , Granados H. , López V. H. , Kennedy A. R. , Bedolla J. E. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, scrap from the automotive industry was used to produce aluminium foams under vacuum. Chips of an aluminium alloy LM26 were melted and 1wt. % of Mg was added for creating a viscous casting with uniform distribution of oxides. An ingot was obtained of this alloy after casting and solidification. Trials for foaming this alloy were performed by re-melting pieces under vacuum at different temperatures. A window in the vacuum chamber allowed observation of the foaming and collapse of the porous structures was observed during cooling. Characterization of the aluminum foams revealed different levels of expansion, porous structures and degrees of drainage. The best foams were obtained at 680 °C with a density of 0.78 g/cm3. This technique appears to be a feasible low cost route for producing Al foams based on scrap material.
Epitaxial growth of (010)-oriented β-FeSi2 film on Si(110) substrate
Authors: Akiyama Kensuke , Funakubo Hiroshi , Itakura Masaru 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTHigh-quality (010)-oriented epitaxial β-FeSi2 films were grown on Si(110) substrates by coating silver thin layer. The full width at half maximum of the rocking curve of β-FeSi2040 was 0.14o for the film deposited at 800°C on Si(110) substrates with 95 nm-thick silver layer. Moreover, this epitaxial β-FeSi2 film was constructed with single domain structure, and the lattice parameter of a-axis was extended by 0.7%. The photoluminescence spectrum from this epitaxial β-FeSi2 indicated that the band-gap was modulated by lattice strain of a-axis.
Development of Selenization/Sulfurization Process for High Quality Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 Solar Cells on High Strain Point Glass Substrates
Authors: Tomizawa Takeshi , Usui Reo , Okato Takeshi , Odaka Hidefumi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study provides a recipe of a 2-step selenization and sulfurization method for high strain point (HSP) glass to improve the quality of Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 (CIGSSe). The recipe is distinguished by slow selenization growth before sulfurization growth at the high temperature of 580 °C. We used proto-type HSP glass instead of standard soda lime glass (SLG) to tolerate this higher temperature process. The provided slow selenization recipe improved an averaged relative efficiency by 14 percent compared to a rapid selenization recipe. We confirmed the improvement of the quality of CIGSSe which was characterized by the high crystal quality, the smooth surface, the uniform depletion layer and reduced defects as measured by XRD, SEM, EBIC and Admittance spectroscopy.
Control of the Formation of Zn1-xMgxO Films by Zinc Sulfate Concentration
Authors: Ishizaki Hiroki , Ito Seishiro 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMagnesium doped ZnO films were electrochemically grown on the NESA conductive glass substrate from the magnesium nitrate aqueous solution with zinc sulfate, kept at 323K and the cathodic potential of -0.9V vs. Ag/AgCl. The Mg/(Mg+Zn) atomic ratio of Zn1-xMgxO films increased with the decrease in the zinc sulfate concentration. The optical band gap energy of these Zn1-xMgxO films decreased with increasing content of zinc sulfate. Thus, the optical band gap energy and Mg/(Mg+Zn) atomic ratio of Zn1-xMgxO films would depend on the zinc sulfate concentration.
Multilayer Hybrid Structure of ZnO Nanorod Arrays Imbedded in TiO2 Network as Photoanode
Authors: Huang Chan-yan , Sun Yan , Chen Xin , Dai Ning 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe developed a multilayer hybrid structure by imbedding ZnO nanorod arrays in TiO2 network for each layer, for the pourese of taking ZnO nanorods as the highway of electron transport. ZnO nanorods can be prepared by hydrothermal process, which is simple, low cost and easy control. The ZnO nanorod arrays were grown by reported hydrothermal method, then TiO2 network was constructed by spin-coating titanium precursor sol on ZnO nanorod arrays and calcining. The electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements were taken to study the electrical properties of this kind of hybrids, and the results indicated that the effective electron lifetime reaches a magnitude of microsecond which is similar to the pure ZnO nanorod arrays. It reveals to us that ZnO nanorods may dominate the electrical properties of this nano-hybrid structure.
Effect of Nanoscale Topography of Titanium Implants on Bone Vessel Network, Osteocytes, and Mineral Densities
Authors: Traini Tonino , Murmura Giovanna , Piattelli Maurizio , Scarano Antonio , Pettinicchio Marzia , Sinjari Bruna , Caputi Sergio 
Published: March 2013

Background: Chemical and physical properties of an implant surface have a major influence on the structure of peri‐implant bone and thus may influence the clinical performance of the implant. This study aims to evaluate the bone microstructure around implants with and without added nanometer‐sized calcium phosphate particles.Methods: An implant with dual acid‐etched surface (control) and an implant with dual acid‐etched surface and CaP nanoparticles (test) were placed in the posterior maxilla of 15 patients. Bone microstructure was evaluated for osteocyte density (OD), bone vessel volume density (BVVD), and bone mineral density (BMD).Results: BVVD was 1.806 ± 0.05 for test implants and 1.533 ± 0.10 for control implants (P <0.001). BMDlow was 17.4 × 104 µm2 for test implants and 15.0 × 104 µm2 for control implants (P = 0.025). Results from the BMDhigh comparison, test versus control, were not statistically significant (P >0.05). OD was 575.6 ± 63.7 mm2 for test implants and 471.2 ± 61.9 mm2 for control implants (P <0.001).Conclusions: After 8 weeks of healing, the bone microstructure around test implants appeared to be significantly more organized. Clinical implications of these results include shortened healing time and indication for earlier loading protocols.
Prevalence of abnormal radiographic findings in 2-year-old Thoroughbreds at in-training sales and associations with racing performance
Authors: Meagher Dennis M. , Bromberek Julia L. , Meagher Daniel T. , Gardner Ian A. , Puchalski Sarah M. , Stover Susan M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Objective—To estimate the prevalence of radiographic abnormalities (lesions) in Thoroughbred racehorses at 2-year-old in-training sales and determine whether these lesions and 1-furlong presale workout times were associated with subsequent racing performance.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—953 Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—Repository radiographs of carpal, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock), stifle, and tarsal (hock) joints were examined. Horses with lesions were classified by lesion type and location. Race performance variables were compared between horses with and without lesions and between horses categorized by 1-furlong presale workout times (< or ≥ 11 seconds).
Results—299 horses had ≥ 1 lesion, and 654 had no lesion detected. Odds of starting a race and of earning money racing were lower for horses with any lesion and lower for horses with proximal phalangeal dorsoproximal articular margin chip fracture, proximal sesamoid bone fracture or sesamoiditis, or wedge-shaped central or third tarsal bones, compared with horses that had no lesion. For horses that raced, proximal phalangeal dorsoproximal articular margin chip fractures were associated with lower lifetime earnings, and flattening of the medial femoral condyle was associated with fewer 3-year-old racing starts, compared with values for horses that had no lesion. Horses with workout times < 11 seconds had greater odds of having lifetime starts, lifetime earnings, and maximum purse above threshold (median) values than did horses with slower workout times.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No radiographic lesions prevented all affected horses from racing. Among horses that raced, few differences were found in performance for horses with and without lesions.
Serologic and bacteriologic culture prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats and sheep and use of Bayesian analysis to determine value of assay results for prediction of future infection
Authors: Washburn Kevin E. , Bissett Wesley T. , Waldron Daniel F. , Fajt Virginia R. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the serologic and bacteriologic culture prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep and goats and the value of such assays for prediction of future development of caseous lymphadenitis (CL).
Design—Observational study.
Animals—919 goats and sheep in 3 herds in southwest Texas.
Procedures—During an initial evaluation, serologic and bacteriologic culture status for CL was determined for all animals. Subsequently, animals were evaluated every 6 months for a 13-month period to detect external CL lesions. Affected animals in 2 herds were treated with tulathromycin or a control treatment; affected animals in 1 herd were culled. The value of assays for prediction of future development of CL lesions was determined.
Results—The serologic prevalence of CL in herds at the start of the study ranged from 7.52% to 69.54%. The bacteriologic culture prevalence of CL ranged from 0% to 6.12% at the start of the study and 0% to 9.56% at the end of the study. Synergistic hemolysin inhibition results were poor predictors of future development of CL lesions in animals during the study period; however, animals with positive bacteriologic culture results for CL were more likely to develop lesions in the future than were animals with negative bacteriologic culture results.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Caseous lymphadenitis was detected in animals in this study despite prior management of affected animals in herds via culling. Use of a synergistic hemolysin inhibition test for management of CL may cause unnecessary culling of animals; treatment might allow retention of genetically valuable CL-affected animals in a herd without substantially increasing the prevalence of CL.
Légitimité des normes environnementales dans la gestion locale de la forêt à Madagascar
Authors: Bérard Marie-Hélène 
Published: March 2013

RésuméEn 1996, l'État malgache promulguait la loi 96-025 (loi GELOSE) visant à transférer la gestion de certaines ressources naturelles renouvelables aux communautés locales par le biais de contrats négociés. La stratégie juridique adoptée s'avérait innovatrice à plusieurs égards, notamment en prescrivant l'utilisation duDina, une convention locale traditionnelle, dans les contrats de transfert de gestion. En intégrant lesDina, les autorités étatiques prétendaient réconcilier le «légal» et le «légitime» et favoriser ainsi une gestion durable de ces ressources. Cet article s'intéresse aux conditions de légitimité des normes environnementales dans un contexte juridique pluraliste et marqué par la mondialisation. Il démontre que l'utilisation desDinan'a pas favorisé une plus grande légitimité des normes environnementales à cause du décalage entre les nouveauxDinaet les modes de régulation locale, d'une coordination étatique insuffisante de la mise en œuvre de la loi 96-025 et d'un manque de résonance de la notion de développement durable.
La constitutionnalisation des langues régionales françhises. Entre reconnaissance et effectivité symbolique
Authors: Farget Doris 
Published: March 2013

RésuméL'objectif de cet article est de porter un regard juridique et critique sur la reconnaissance constitutionnelle des langues régionales françaises par l'insertion de l'article 75-1 dans la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958, lors de la réforme constitutionnelle du 21 juillet 2008. L'auteure évalue la portée de la référence, les apports, les effets symboliques, psychologiques et juridiques, ainsi que les limites de cette reconnaissance. Sans remettre totalement en cause les bienfaits du processus de reconnaissance étatique, l'auteure met l'accent sur l'importance d'une reconnaissance autonome simultanée, par les locuteurs eux-mêmes et les membres non-locuteurs des communautés locales qui respectent ces langues.
Le pluralisme juridique comme orthodoxie de la science du droit
Authors: Belley Jean-Guy 
Published: March 2013

RésuméJean-Guy Belley se centre ici sur l'opposition individus/organisations, en la rattachant aux transformations de l'idée de pluralisme juridique. L'idée—mais non le concept, plus tardif—apparaît au début du XXèmesiècle, forgée par des juristes contestataires opposés au positivisme formaliste alors dominant, et attirés par la sociologie et l'anthropologie du droit. Cette démarche s'inscrit dans la mouvance du réalisme juridique, mais avec la particularité de remettre en question la centralité de l'État dans la production des règles de droit. Ce premier pluralisme juridique va contribuer au renouveau de la doctrine et favoriser le développement de la sociologie du droit, sans toutefois parvenir à ébranler durablement la position dominante du positivisme chez les juristes. Par contraste, le « nouveau pluralisme juridique » a vocation à s'ériger en nouvelle orthodoxie du droit: paradoxalement, l'idée de pluralisme juridique, née d'une recherche d'émancipation intellectuelle par rapport au carcan du formalisme (et parfois d'émancipation de la vie sociale elle-même par rapport à l'État), s'est transformée dans le cadre de la seconde modernité en nouvelle orthodoxie, celle d'une doctrine du droit en phase avec la domination impersonnelle qu'exercent sur la société contemporaine les ordres juridiques pluriels, lesquels émanent des grandes organisations, économiques en particulier.
Nouveau pluralisme juridique et transformations de l'individu
Authors: Guibentif Pierre 
Published: March 2013

RésuméDans ses travaux plus récents, Jean-Guy Belley propose, sur la base de ses recherches sur le pluralisme juridique, un diagnostic désenchanté de la modernité avancée, caractérisée par la prédominance du phénomène organisationnel et par un nouveau type de «rupture entre psychisme collectif et psychisme individuel». Ce diagnostic mérite d'être rapproché d'autres interprétations d'ensemble de la réalité sociale, en particulier de la théorie des systèmes de Niklas Luhmann. La comparaison entre ces deux approches suggère un possible développement du modèle qui peut être dérivé des travaux de Belley. Il vaudrait la peine de mieux prendre en compte la différence entre, d'une part, les organisations et, d'autre part, les systèmes sociaux fonctionnellement différenciés tels l'économie, le droit ou la science. Ceci pourrait permettre de repenser des évolutions actuellement en cours concernant l'individualité humaine. L'hypothèse est que l'individu aujourd'hui agit de plus en plus comme agent d'organisations et de moins en moins comme professionnel d'activités fonctionnellement différenciées, et qu'il est invité désormais à se vivre moins comme individu-sujet que comme individu-organisation.
Perspectives institutionnelles sur la consultation lors du processus réglementaire fédéral au Canada
Authors: Atak Idil , Houle France 
Published: March 2013

RésuméL'article porte sur la deuxième ronde de consultations dans le cadre de l'élaboration du Règlement sur l'immigration et la protection des réfugiés de 2002 et explore la nature de l'espace communicationnel créé entre l'autorité réglementaire et les groupes d'intérêt. Les auteures examinent dans quelle mesure les consultations atteignent leur but principal de pallier le manque de légitimité démocratique du processus d'élaboration du Règlement. Elles codifient et comparent les arguments invoqués par les groupes d'intérêts dans leurs demandes de modifications et les justifications de CIC. L'analyse des discours des acteurs et celle des résultats des consultations révèlent que l'espace communicationnel est délimité par des règles du jeu préétablies. Ils montrent que les problèmes majeurs pouvant mettre en question le bien-fondé des interventions réglementaires sont rarement évoqués, ceux-ci ayant été aplanis lors de la première ronde de consultations. Les auteures constatent que les rapports entre les régulations juridiques étatique et non étatique s'expriment davantage sous le mode de la complémentarité ou de l'interdépendance que de l'antagonisme. Elles soutiennent que les groupes d'intérêts exercent une influence certaine sur la production du Règlement. Les consultations sont à l'origine de la pluralité des modes de production du droit au sein même de leur ordre juridique de référence, celui de l'État. L'article fait ressortir la complémentarité du droit étatique avec certaines expressions de la normativité non produites par les instances de L'État, ainsi que l'importance des procédés de coopération entre les acteurs étatiques et la société civile.
Doing Things with Time: Flexibility, Adaptability, and Elasticity in UK Equality Cases
Authors: Grabham Emily 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the increasing significance of flexibility arguments to UK employment equality law. It makes use of the well-evidenced legal and governmental preoccupation with working time to investigate the production and circulation of concepts of flexibility through equality law case reports from the period 2001–2010. With case reports as my main focus, I trace how flexibility emerges through legal documental networks, so as to work out the contours of our collectively imagined “efficient” and “well-balanced” working practices. Human actors and significant non-human actors combine within and across case reports to produce and support a general set of understandings about legal flexibility. These understandings, as we have seen, suggest that flexibility is just as much a matter of organic or physical capabilities as it is of time. Concepts of elasticity, adaptability, and balance, therefore, force us to reconsider the meanings and motivations of governmental and oppositional constructions of work-life dilemmas.