bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal knowledge in the field of pediatric nephrology and its enhancement following specific training of ChatGPT-4 “omni” and Gemini 1.5 Flash
Authors: Mondillo Gianluca , Frattolillo Vittoria , Colosimo Simone , Perrotta Alessandra , Di Sessa Anna , Guarino Stefano , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Marzuillo Pierluigi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the baseline performance and improvement of ChatGPT-4 “omni” (ChatGPT-4o) and Gemini 1.5 Flash (Gemini 1.5) in answering multiple-choice questions related to pediatric nephrology after specific training.

Methods
Using questions from the “Educational Review” articles published by Pediatric Nephrology between January 2014 and April 2024, the models were tested both before and after specific training with Portable Data Format (PDF) and text (TXT) file formats of the Educational Review articles removing the last page containing the correct answers using a Python script. The number of correct answers was recorded.

Results
Before training, ChatGPT-4o correctly answered 75.2% of the 1395 questions, outperforming Gemini 1.5, which answered 64.9% correctly (p < 0.001). After training with PDF files, ChatGPT-4o’s accuracy increased to 77.8%, while Gemini 1.5 improved significantly to 84.7% (p < 0.001). Training with TXT files showed similar results, with ChatGPT-4o maintaining 77.8% accuracy and Gemini 1.5 further improving to 87.6% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The study highlights that while ChatGPT-4o has strong baseline performance, specific training does not significantly enhance its accuracy. Conversely, Gemini 1.5, despite its lower initial performance, shows substantial improvement with training, particularly with TXT files. These findings suggest Gemini 1.5’s superior ability to store and retrieve information, making it potentially more effective in clinical applications, albeit with a dependency on additional data for optimal performance.

Graphical Abstract
Palliative care case management in a surgical department for patients with gastrointestinal cancer—a register-based cohort study
Authors: Gerhardt Stine , Benthien Kirstine Skov , Herling Suzanne , Villumsen Marie , Krarup Peter-Martin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The effectiveness of generalist palliative care interventions in hospitals is unknown.

Aim
This study aimed to explore the impact of a palliative care case management intervention for patients with gastrointestinal cancer (PalMaGiC) on hospital admissions, healthcare use, and place of death.

Design
This was a register-based cohort study analyzing data from the Danish Register on Causes of Death, the Danish National Patient Register, and the Danish Palliative Database.

Setting/participants
Deceased patients with gastrointestinal cancer from 2010 to 2020 exposed to PalMaGiC were compared over three periods of time to patients receiving standard care.

Results
A total of 43,969 patients with gastrointestinal cancers were included in the study, of whom 1518 were exposed to PalMaGiC. In the last 30 days of life, exposed patients were significantly more likely to be hospitalized (OR of 1.62 (95% CI 1.26–2.01)), spend more days at the hospital, estimate of 1.21 (95% CI 1.02–1.44), and have a higher number of hospital admissions (RR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.01–1.27)), and were more likely to die at the hospital (OR of 1.94 (95% CI 1.55–2.44)) with an increasing trend over time. No differences were found for hospital healthcare use.

Conclusion
Patients exposed to the PalMaGiC intervention had a greater likelihood of hospitalizations and death at the hospital compared to unexposed patients, despite the opposite intention. Sensitivity analyses show that regional differences may hold some of the explanation for this. Future development of generalist palliative care in hospitals should focus on integrating a home-based approach, community care, and PC physician involvement.
The first report of porcine parvovirus 8 (PPV8) on the American continent is associated with pigs in Colombia with porcine respiratory disease
Authors: Vargas-Bermudez Diana S. , Jaime Jairo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeven novel porcine parvoviruses (PPV2 to PPV8) have been discovered in the last two decades. The last one reported was PPV8 in China in 2022, which was proposed to be a member of the genus Protoparvovirus. Here, we report the first detection of PPV8 outside China – in two provinces from Colombia. Six out of 146 (4.1%) pigs showing porcine respiratory disease (PRD) tested positive for PPV8. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of two Colombian PPV8 isolates (GenBank database accession numbers PP335559 and PP335560) showed them to be members of the genus Protoparvovirus. Furthermore, PPV8 was detected in coinfections with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which are associated with PRD.
Bluetooth security analysis of general and intimate health IoT devices and apps: the case of FemTech
Authors: Cook Stephen , Mehrnezhad Maryam , Toreini Ehsan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe number of digital health products is increasing faster than ever. These technologies (e.g. mobile apps and connected devices) collect massive amounts of data about their users, including health, medical, sex life, and other intimate data. In this paper, we study a set of 21 Internet of Things (IoT) devices advertised for general and intimate health purposes of female bodies (aka female-oriented technologies or FemTech). We focus on the security of the Bluetooth connection and communications between the IoT device and the mobile app. Our results highlight serious security issues in the current off-the-shelf FemTech devices. These include unencrypted Bluetooth traffic, unknown Bluetooth services and insecure Bluetooth authentication when connecting to the app. We implement Bluetooth attacks on the communication between these devices and apps, resulting in malfunctioning of the device and app. We discuss our results and provide recommendations for different stakeholders to improve the security practices of Bluetooth-enabled IoT devices in such a sensitive and intimate domain.
Born This Way? National Collective Narcissism, Implicit Homophobia, and Homosexual Essentialism in Populist Poland
Authors: Lantos Dorottya , Mole Richard C. M. , Golec de Zavala Agnieszka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrejudice toward the LGBT community has become prevalent in Poland under the ultraconservative populist government. The results of three studies conducted between 2018 and 2019 (N1 = 879, N2 = 324, and N3 = 374) indicate that Polish collective narcissism—the belief that the exaggerated greatness of the nation is not recognized by others—is associated with implicit homophobia assessed as the intuitive disapproval of gay men and automatic evaluative preference of heterosexuality over homosexuality. Those associations were to a large extent explained by the relationships between collective narcissism and (1) the belief that groups defined by sexual orientations are essentially distinct; (2) the belief that homosexuality is a personal choice, not genetically determined or culturally universal. The experimental results of Study 3 indicated that inducing the belief that non-normative sexuality is genetically determined and culturally universal reduced automatic preference for heterosexuality over homosexuality (but not intuitive disapproval of gay men) across levels of collective narcissism (contrary to predictions). The obtained results complete the picture of the association of narcissistic beliefs about the nation and homophobia emerging from previous studies. National narcissism is linked not only to explicit but also to latent, implicit homophobia likely to be triggered by increased presence of national narcissism in public discourse. Moreover, national narcissism is linked to implicit homophobia, especially via the agentic belief that sexual orientation is a matter of choice. Changing this belief reduces implicit homophobia also among national narcissists.
Sorption behavior of strontium ions by graphene oxide decorated with chitosan nanoparticles from aqueous solutions
Authors: Abd-Elhamid A. I. , Abu Elgoud E. M. , Aly H. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study provides and investigates the fabrication of graphene oxide (GO) sheets decorated with chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) through the hybridizing of GO and CS, by the addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a cross-linker agent. The fabricated GO-CSNP composite was characterized using several advanced techniques. Furthermore, various parameters affect the sorption of Sr(II), such as contact time, pH, initial concentration, dosage, temperature, and coexisting ions. The experimental results were in accordance with the pseudo-second-order reaction. The interaction mechanism between Sr(II) and GO-CSNP composite was accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 473.93 mg/g. The GO-CSNP composite demonstrated exceptional selectivity for the sorption of Sr(II) over Y(III) at a high concentration ratio of 10:1 for Sr2+ to Y3+, respectively. Furthermore, the GO-CSNP adsorbent demonstrated considerable potential as a highly effective sorbent for the adsorption of Sr(II), Mo(VI), Cd(II), and Cs(I) ions. The results revealed that the prepared composite was effectively capable of removing various fission products.
Proteomic and Cytokine Profiling in Plasma from Patients with Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Langbøl Mia , Saruhanian Arevak , Saruhanian Sarkis , Tiedemann Daniel , Baskaran Thisayini , Vohra Rupali , Rives Amalie Santaolalla , Moreira José , Prokosch Verena , Liu Hanhan , Lackmann Jan-Wilm , Müller Stefan , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Kolko Miriam , Rovelt Jens 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is subdivided depending on eye pressure. Patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) have never had high intraocular pressure (IOP) measured while patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) have high eye pressure but no signs of glaucoma. Although IOP is considered to be a risk factor for all glaucoma patients, it is reasonable to assume that other risk factors such as inflammation play a role. We aimed to characterize the proteome and cytokine profile during hypoxia in plasma from patients with NTG (n = 10), OHT (n = 10), and controls (n = 10). Participants were exposed to hypoxia for two hours, followed by 30 min of normoxia. Samples were taken before (“baseline”), during (“hypoxia”), and after hypoxia (“recovery”). Proteomics based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was performed. Cytokines were measured by Luminex assays. Bioinformatic analyses indicated the involvement of complement and coagulation cascades in NTG and OHT. Regulation of high-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3) apolipoproteins suggested that changes in cholesterol metabolism are related to OHT. Hypoxia decreased the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in OHT patients compared to controls. Circulating levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were decreased in NTG patients compared to controls during hypoxia. After recovery, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) was upregulated in patients with NTG and OHT. Current results indicate an enhanced systemic immune response in patients with NTG and OHT, which correlates with pathogenic events in glaucoma. Apolipoproteins may have anti-inflammatory effects, enabling OHT patients to withstand inflammation and development of glaucoma despite high IOP.
Graphical Abstract
Seasonal habitat use of white sucker Catostomus commersonii in a small Boreal lake
Authors: Richter Ian A. , Smokorowski Karen E. , Blanchfield Paul J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhite sucker (Catostomus commersonii) is a large-bodied benthic fish species that is found across a broad geographic region in North America. Often overlooked, white suckers are an integral component of aquatic ecosystems in their role as the dominant nearshore benthivore in many lakes. Few detailed field investigations on habitat use and thermal occupancy of white sucker exist, limiting our ability to predict the risk of habitat loss from development and climate warming for this cool-water species. Here we investigated seasonal depth, temperature and spatial occupancy patterns of white suckers in a lake located in northern Ontario, Canada. Using a combination of positioning acoustic telemetry and environmental data, we determined depth and space use patterns, seasonal temperature preference indices, and the affinity of white sucker to the lake bottom (i.e., benthic habitat) over a year long period. We found that the white suckers were consistently observed in shallow waters (< 10 m depth) and near the lake bottom across all seasons but were positioned slightly deeper in the winter. The tagged white suckers showed a strong temperature selection preference for thermal habitat between 10 and 16 °C during the open-water seasons and tended to avoid cold (< 6 °C) thermal habitat. Space use patterns, calculated using kernel utilization distributions, and daily movement rates were surprisingly consistent across all seasons, with regular occupancy of only some nearshore areas. This study highlights a highly restrictive pattern of habitat use by white sucker that is consistent across seasons, suggesting that this generalist species may be more vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance than previously thought.
Confabulations in Korsakoff’s Syndrome: Defending an Error-Based Account
Authors: Bielecka Krystyna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates confabulations in Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) from the perspective of error-based teleosemantics, a framework that emphasizes the role of error detection in mental representation. I introduce a distributed and communicative model of memory, framing it as a network of information transfer encompassing both internal cognitive processes and external social interactions. This model, grounded in teleosemantics, allows for an understanding of how confabulations arise not solely from internal memory deficits, but also from disruptions in the feedback loops between individuals and their social environments. By analyzing cases of provoked and spontaneous confabulations in KS patients, I demonstrate how this framework illuminates the crucial role of external consumers (e.g., caregivers) in either reinforcing or correcting erroneous memory reports. This approach, emphasizing error detection mechanisms, offers a new lens for examining the interplay between individual cognitive processes and social scaffolding in shaping memory and its pathologies.
Thermal behavior of mercury carboxylates as paintings’ degradation products
Authors: Barannikov Ruslan , Vykydalová Anna , Bezdička Petr , Hermans Joen , Plocek Jiří , Švarcová Silvie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMercury long-chain carboxylates have been identified recently as degradation products resulting from saponification occurring in painted artworks. Saponification belongs among the degradation processes endangering undesirably the appearance and stability of painted artworks, significant treasures of humanity. The mechanism of saponification has not been still fully understood because of the enormous complexity of both painting materials and factors triggering the deterioration. Moreover, the properties and stability of metal soaps resulting from this degradation are also poorly understood, complicating the choice of suitable conservation treatment. Relining, a heat-based restoration technique for reinforcing deteriorated canvases, can induce irreversible changes in paint layers, being applied inappropriately. Within this study, we report thermal behavior and stability of mercury palmitate (Hg(C16)2), mercury stearate (Hg(C18)2), and their respective mixtures with linseed oil in the temperature range of 25–150 °C, employing a combination of techniques, including DSC, TG-MS, FTIR, XRPD, and in situ high-temperature FTIR and XRPD. It was observed that while Hg(C16)2 and Hg(C18)2 undergo partial decomposition around 150 °C, in a mixture with linseed oil, they decompose rapidly at significantly lower temperature (around 100 °C). The decomposition of mercury carboxylates results in the formation of metallic mercury, a volatile toxic substance, and free fatty acids, reactants capable of further development of saponification in paint layers. In addition, a structural polymorph of Hg(C16)2 and Hg(C18)2 with a different arrangement of carboxylate groups around the mercury atom was formed after the heat treatment during the cooling down at ca 120 °C as documented by in situ high-temperature XRPD and FTIR.
Landscape properties and density dependence shape the movement patterns of three threatened butterflies
Authors: Franzén Markus , Askling John , Kindvall Oskar , Johansson Victor , Sunde Johanna , Forsman Anders 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Context
Conservation of endangered species necessitates an in-depth understanding of their ecological requirements. Particularly in landscape ecology, the behavioural tendencies of threatened butterfly species in Gotland, a biodiversity-rich island in the Baltic Sea, become crucial.

Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the movement patterns of three threatened butterfly species—Euphydryas aurinia, Parnassius apollo, and Phengaris arion—in Gotland and to identify the influence of specific land characteristics on these patterns.

Methods
Our study, conducted from 2017 to 2020 across 60 km2 in Gotland, involved detailed capture-mark-recapture (CMR) efforts of 29,584 captures including 16,223 unique butterflies. We investigate the departure and arrival events of butterflies, specifically focusing on the associations between movements when individuals leave or enter a hectare grid different from their previously recorded location and key landscape features: open vegetated land, ground moisture, and forest cover. We model landscape features to examine the interplay between these and butterfly movement patterns, providing insights into preferred landscape features and conservation strategies.

Results
Among the 4821 arrivals and 5083 departures documented, the species exhibited differential responses to the evaluated habitat features. Both E. aurinia and P. apollo displayed a positive density-dependent dispersal, while P. arion’s movements were not significantly associated with any of the examined habitat features. Landscape properties like open vegetated land and ground moisture index statistically influenced the likelihood of arrival and departure.

Conclusions
The study accentuates the relationship between land cover and the behavioural tendencies of the subject butterfly species. It has broader implications for the targeted habitat management strategies that would benefit threatened butterfly populations in Gotland.
Advances in polymeric and non-polymeric nanocarriers for the magnified delivery of levofloxacin against bacterial infection
Authors: Safaran Negar , Javadi Shohreh , Pourmadadi Mehrab , Ghaemi Amirhossein , Yazdian Fatemeh , Rashedi Hamid , Rahdar Abbas , Aboudzadeh M. Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review examines the latest developments in nanoscopic antibiotic formulations used to treat infections caused by bacteria. A wide range of nanocarrier platforms are discussed, including polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs), lipid-based vesicles, mesoporous silica, and other inorganic materials. The antibiotic levofloxacin (LVF) is predominantly used as a model drug given its broad-spectrum activity. Studies in this regard have evaluated drug loading and encapsulation efficiency (EE) using analytical techniques such as FTIR, DLS, and TEM. In vitro release kinetics was characterized through dialysis and fluorescence-based assays. Zone of inhibition and viability studies provided insights into antibacterial efficacy. Some approaches incorporated stimuli-responsive polymers or targeting ligands to facilitate controlled or targeted drug release. Overall, the nanocarriers demonstrated potential for sustained antibiotic levels, reduced dosing, and improved treatment of biofilms and intracellular infections compared to free drug administration. The review offers a comprehensive analysis of this promising field with implications for combating antibiotic resistance.
Some Notes on Savage’s Representation Theorem
Authors: Frahm Gabriel , Hartmann Lorenz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Savage’s famous representation theorem is based on seven postulates of rational choice. We resolve some loose ends in the literature concerning the relationship between different versions of Savage’s axioms. This leads us to the present form of the representation theorem. We also discuss some issues regarding the historical development of Savage’s representation theorem.
Leveraging the trend analysis for modeling of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with coal combustion
Authors: Karakurt Izzet , Avci Busra Demir , Aydin Gokhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, it is aimed, for the first time, at deriving simple models, leveraging the trend analysis in order to estimate the future greenhouse gas emissions associated with coal combustion. Due to the expectations of becoming the center of global economic development in the future, BRICS-T (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, South Africa, and Turkiye) countries are adopted as cases in the study. Following the models’ derivation, their statistical validations and estimating accuracies are also tested through various metrics. In addition, the future greenhouse gas emissions associated with coal combustion are estimated by the derived models. The results demonstrate that the derived models can be successfully used as a tool for estimating the greenhouse gas emissions associated with coal combustions with accuracy ranges from at least 90% to almost 98%. Moreover, the estimating results show that the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions associated with coal combustions in the relevant countries and in the world will increase to 14 BtCO2eq and 19 BtCO2eq by 2035, with an annual growth of 2.39% and 1.71%, respectively. In summary, the current study’s findings affirm the usefulness of trend analysis in deriving models to estimate greenhouse gas emissions associated with coal combustion.
First report of accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Warwick Katherine G. , Wright Ian A. , Whinfield Jessica , Reynolds Jason K. , Ryan Michelle M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a semi-aquatic monotreme that occupies a high trophic position in the freshwater ecosystems of eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania. Platypuses are continuously exposed to anthropogenic contaminants including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). This study examined PFOS concentrations in the livers of deceased platypuses (eight wild; one captive) that were opportunistically collected across NSW over a two- and a half-year period. There was a large variation in PFOS concentrations, ranging from < 1 µg/kg to 1200 µg/kg. This study presents the first report of PFOS contamination in platypuses, revealing their PFOS levels are broadly similar to those found in river otters (Lutra canadensis) and lower than those in American mink (Mustela vison), both which occupy similar ecological niches in freshwater systems. This study raises concerns about the impact of PFOS on platypus health.