bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in different regions and castes of Uttar Pradesh, India -A hospital based study
Authors: Verma Pratima , Ghildiyal Archna , Verma Dileep , Krishna Akhilesh , Singh Shraddha , Kumar Ashutosh , Tiwari Sunita 
Published: April 2015

Background: Thalasemia and other hemoglobinopathies are found in all the states of India and their prevalence is quite variable. In Uttar Pradesh very few studies are found which explore the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies. There is no such study which identifies the geographic distribution of high-risk communities with frequencies of hemoglobinopathies. Aim: Present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in different regions and castes of Uttar-Pradesh (UP) state. Materials and Methods: This is a preliminary community based cross-sectional, hospital based study, conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar- Pradesh. Subjects aged between 18 to 65 years were enrolled for sampling. The anticoagulated blood was used for performing CBC (complete blood count), and hemoglobin electrophoresis to measure hemoglobinopathies. Results: The present study revealed higher(28/194;19.5%,p<0.05) prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in Lucknow district as compared to other districts of Uttar-Pradesh and Brahmin caste having high frequency (33/112;29.5%) followed by Jaiswal (3/13;23.1%) and Arora (2/9;22.2%). Conclusion: The data regarding prevalence and distribution can be useful in prevention and management of various hemoglobinopathies which play a vital role in the hospital blood bank as well as in the formulation of transfusion policies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12339 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 21-25
Criticality calculations with PN
approximation for certain scattering parameters of Anlı-Güngör and Henyey-Greenstein phase functions in spherical geometry
Authors: Bülbül A. , Anlı F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
PN approximation is applied to neutron transport equation in spherical geometry using Anlı-Güngör (AG) and Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase functions. These phase functions are used for calculating critical radius and results of PN approximation obtained from AG and HG phase functions are compared with each other for different collision scattering function. The numerical results obtained from AG and HG phase functions are presented in the tables and these results are compared.
Sensitivity study with respect to direction of ADI method during re-flooding in AHWR
Authors: Kumar M. , Mukhopadhyay D. , Ghosh A. K. , Kumar R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Advanced Heavy water Reactor (AHWR) is a natural circulation vertical pressure tube type boiling light water cooled and heavy water moderated reactor. As the AHWR fuel bundle quenching under accident condition is designed primarily with radial jets at several axial locations, bottom re-flooding still remain open as another option. Radial direction injection of emergency core cooling leads to rewetting of AHWR fuel cluster in circumferential direction. A 3D fuel pin model has been developed by using Finite Difference Method (FDM) of transient heat conduction equation. Alternating Direction Implicit technique of Finite Difference Method (FDM) has been used for discretisation of numerical equation in different time step at different direction. Sensitivity numerical study with respect to direction of ADI method has been carried out to optimize the time step during the transient as well as steady state and is found that it is insensitivity with direction of solution. Further, to assess influence of circumferential rewetting vis-à-vis axial rewetting. Both the analyses are carried out with same fluid temperature and heat transfer coefficients as boundary conditions. It has been found from the analyses that for radial jet, the circumferential conduction is significant and overall the fuel temperature falls in the quench plane with the initiation of quenching event. The paper discusses the sensitivity study with respect to direction of ADI solution and comparison of numerical results for circumferential and axial rewetting for single pin.
Mineral springs, primitive accumulation, and the “new water” in Mexico
Authors: Walsh Casey 
Published: April 2015

This article explores the process of centralization of water resources by the Mexican nation-state between 1880 and 1940, and, in particular, how the postrevolutionary state facilitated, after 1920, the transference of control over the Topo Chico mineral springs from the local agrarian community to industrial bottling companies. Using archival evidence, it highlights the importance of science and law in this process and argues that centralization must be understood in terms of “primitive accumulation.” The article focuses on hot mineral springs, which provide a privileged window on centralization and primitive accumulation but are largely ignored in the historiography of water. Spanish
El artículo explora el proceso de centralización de los recursos hídricos por parte del Estado Mexicano entre 1880–1940, y particularmente analiza la manera en que después de 1920 el estado posrevolucionario facilitó la transferencia del control de las comunidades agrarias locales de los manantiales de Topo Chico, a las empresas embotelladoras industriales. Utilizando fuentes de archivo, el autor evidencia la importancia de la ciencia y el derecho en este proceso, y muestra que la centralización debe entenderse con base en la “acumulación primitiva”. Este artículo se centra en el estudio de las fuentes minerales termales, las cuales a pesar de ser una ventana privilegiada para la centralización y la acumulación primitiva, han sido ampliamente ignoradas por la historiografía hídrica. French
Cet article explore le processus de centralisation des ressources hydriques par l'Etat-nation mexicain entre 1880 et 1940, et en particulier la façon dont l'Etat postrévolutionnaire a facilité, à partir de 1920, le transfert du contrôle des sources hydriques de Topo Chico des communautés agraires locales aux entreprises d'embouteillage industriels. Fondé sur les sources documentaires archivistiques, il souligne l'importance de la science et du droit dans ce processus, et fait valoir que la centralisation doit être comprise en termes «d'accumulation primitive». L'article se concentre sur les sources d'eaux minérales chaudes, qui fournissent une fenêtre privilégiée sur la centralisation et l'accumulation primitive, mais sont largement ignorées dans l'historiographie de l'eau.
Anatomical considerations of fascial release in ulnar nerve transposition: a concept revisited
Authors: Mahan Mark A. , Gasco Jaime , Mokhtee David B. , Brown Justin M. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Surgical transposition of the ulnar nerve to alleviate entrapment may cause otherwise normal structures to become new sources of nerve compression. Recurrent or persistent neuropathy after anterior transposition is commonly attributable to a new distal compression. The authors sought to clarify the anatomical relationship of the ulnar nerve to the common aponeurosis of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscles following anterior transposition of the nerve.

METHODS
The intermuscular septa of the proximal forearm were explored in 26 fresh cadaveric specimens. The fibrous septa and common aponeurotic insertions of the flexor-pronator muscle mass were evaluated in relation to the ulnar nerve, with particular attention to the effect of transposition upon the nerve in this region.

RESULTS
An intermuscular aponeurosis associated with the FCU and FDS muscles was present in all specimens. Transposition consistently resulted in angulation of the nerve during elbow flexion when this fascial septum was not released. The proximal site at which the nerve began to traverse this fascial structure was found to be an average of 3.9 cm (SD 0.7 cm) from the medial epicondyle.

CONCLUSIONS
The common aponeurosis encountered between the FDS and FCU muscles represents a potential site of posttransposition entrapment, which may account for a subset of failed anterior transpositions. Exploration of this region with release of this structure is recommended to provide an unconstrained distal course for a transposed ulnar nerve.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of image guidance systems in neurosurgery: a preclinical randomized study
Authors: Marcus Hani J. , Pratt Philip , Hughes-Hallett Archie , Cundy Thomas P. , Marcus Adam P. , Yang Guang-Zhong , Darzi Ara , Nandi Dipankar 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Over the last decade, image guidance systems have been widely adopted in neurosurgery. Nonetheless, the evidence supporting the use of these systems in surgery remains limited. The aim of this study was to compare simultaneously the effectiveness and safety of various image guidance systems against that of standard surgery.

METHODS
In this preclinical, randomized study, 50 novice surgeons were allocated to one of the following groups: 1) no image guidance, 2) triplanar display, 3) always-on solid overlay, 4) always-on wire mesh overlay, and 5) on-demand inverse realism overlay. Each participant was asked to identify a basilar tip aneurysm in a validated model head. The primary outcomes were time to task completion (in seconds) and tool path length (in mm). The secondary outcomes were recognition of an unexpected finding (i.e., a surgical clip) and subjective depth perception using a Likert scale.

RESULTS
The time to task completion and tool path length were significantly lower when using any form of image guidance compared with no image guidance (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). The tool path distance was also lower in groups using augmented reality compared with triplanar display (p = 0.010). Always-on solid overlay resulted in the greatest inattentional blindness (20% recognition of unexpected finding). Wire mesh and on-demand overlays mitigated, but did not negate, inattentional blindness and were comparable to triplanar display (40% recognition of unexpected finding in all groups). Wire mesh and inverse realism overlays also resulted in better subjective depth perception than always-on solid overlay (p = 0.031 and p = 0.008, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
New augmented reality platforms may improve performance in less-experienced surgeons. However, all image display modalities, including existing triplanar displays, carry a risk of inattentional blindness.
Correlates of perceived Stigma and depression among the women with HIV/AIDS infection
Authors: Mohite Vaishali R , Mohite Rajsinh Vishwasrao , George J 
Published: April 2015

Background: Depression, a universal problem for individuals with HIV/AIDS because the disease creates uncertainty and disruption in every aspect of their lives.Objectives: To assess the level of perceived stigma and depression among women with HIV/AIDS infection and to determine relationship between perceived stigma and depression.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bel-Air hospital located at Panchgani, state of Maharashtra, India during year 2013 among the women with HIV/AIDS infection. By purposive sampling technique, 50 women were enrolled and interviewed by utilizing standardized data collection tool i.e. stigma perception scale by Sowell et al and CES-D by Radloff after institutional ethical clearance certificate.Statistics: Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data.Results: Out of a total 50 HIV infected women, maximum 26 (52%) belonged to the age group of 28-36 years. All the women were married; out of which majority were widows 28 (56%). Among the study subjects, maximum, 25 (50%) were having secondary education, followed by 46 (92%) as housewives. 38 (76%) women were aware of HIV status ranging from 1 month to 2.5 years. However, 43 (86%) reported that they had acquired HIV infection from their husband. Almost all women perceived stigma at some or other time of which majority, 26 (52%) perceived stigma frequently whereas 19 (38%) and 5 (10%) perceived stigma always and occasionally respectively. Similarly all the women have some sort of depression and majority, 37 (74%) experienced depression most of the time whereas 13 (26%) experienced depression occasionally. The perceived stigma and depression have a significant positive correlation as indicated by correlation coefficient.Conclusion: Moderate to severe degree of stigma and depression was perceived by women with a status of HIV/AIDS infection. A significant positive relationship is also existed between perceived stigma and depression among the women with HIV/AIDS infection.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.151-158
Stochastic Dynamic Causal Modelling of fMRI Data with Multiple-Model Kalman Filters
Authors: Osório P. , Rosa P. , Silvestre C. , Figueiredo P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Neural Signals and Images”.Background: Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) is a generic formalism to study effective brain connectivity based on neuroimaging data, particularly functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Recently, there have been attempts at modifying this model to allow for stochastic disturbances in the states of the model.Objectives: This paper proposes the Multiple- Model Kalman Filtering (MMKF) technique as a stochastic identification model discriminating among different hypothetical connectivity structures in the DCM framework; moreover, the performance compared to a similar de terministic identification model is assessed.Methods: The integration of the stochastic DCM equations is first presented, and a MMKF algorithm is then developed to perform model selection based on these equations. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in order to investigate the ability of MMKF to distinguish between different connectivity structures and to estimate hidden states under both deterministic and stochastic DCM.Results: The simulations show that the proposed MMKF algorithm was able to successfully select the correct connectivity model structure from a set of pre-specified plausible alternatives. Moreover, the stochastic approach by MMKF was more effective compared to its deterministic counterpart, both in the selection of the correct connectivity structure and in the estimation of the hidden states.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the applicability of a MMKF approach to the study of effective brain connectivity using DCM, particularly when a stochastic formulation is desirable.
Inventory of the Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, a highly urbanized area in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Tadashi , Saito Masayuki , Kishimoto-Yamada Keiko , Kato Toshihide , Kurashima Osamu , Ito Motomi 
Published: April 2015

The Heteroptera, or true bugs, forms one of the major insect groups with respect to the very diverse habitat preferences, including both aquatic and terrestrial species, as well as a variety of feeding types. The first comprehensive inventory of the Heteroptera at Komaba Campus of the University of Tokyo, or an urban green space in the center of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, was conducted.
A total of 115 species in 29 families of the suborder Heteroptera were identified. The area had a high species richness compared with other urbanized and suburbanized localities in Tokyo. The campus is found to show a substantial difference in heteropteran species compositions, despite being close to the other localities surrounded by highly urbanized zones in central Tokyo.
Computing Molecular Signatures as Optima of a Bi-Objective Function: Method and Application to Prediction in Oncogenomics
Authors: Gardeux Vincent , Chelouah Rachid , Wanderley Maria F. Barbosa , Siarry Patrick , Braga Antônio P. , Reyal Fabien , Rouzier Roman , Pusztai Lajos , Natowicz René 
Published: April 2015

Background Filter feature selection methods compute molecular signatures by selecting subsets of genes in the ranking of a valuation function. The motivations of the valuation functions choice are almost always clearly stated, but those for selecting the genes according to their ranking are hardly ever explicit. Method We addressed the computation of molecular signatures by searching the optima of a bi-objective function whose solution space was the set of all possible molecular signatures, ie, the set of subsets of genes. The two objectives were the size of the signature-to be minimized–and the interclass distance induced by the signature-to be maximized–. Results We showed that: 1) the convex combination of the two objectives had exactly n optimal non empty signatures where n was the number of genes, 2) the n optimal signatures were nested, and 3) the optimal signature of size k was the subset of k top ranked genes that contributed the most to the interclass distance. We applied our feature selection method on five public datasets in oncology, and assessed the prediction performances of the optimal signatures as input to the diagonal linear discriminant analysis (DLDA) classifier. They were at the same level or better than the best-reported ones. The predictions were robust, and the signatures were almost always significantly smaller. We studied in more details the performances of our predictive modeling on two breast cancer datasets to predict the response to a preoperative chemotherapy: the performances were higher than the previously reported ones, the signatures were three times smaller (11 versus 30 gene signatures), and the genes member of the signature were known to be involved in the response to chemotherapy. Conclusions Defining molecular signatures as the optima of a bi-objective function that combined the signature size and the interclass distance was well founded and efficient for prediction in oncogenomics. The complexity of the computation was very low because the optimal signatures were the sets of genes in the ranking of their valuation. Software can be freely downloaded from http://gardeux-vincent.eu/DeltaRanking.php
Comparison of the Blood and Lymphatic Microvessel Density of Pleomorphic Adenoma and Basal Cell Adenoma
Authors: Soares Andresa Borges , Alternarli Albina , De Oliveira Thais Ribeiro , Rodrigues Felipe de Oliveira Fonseca , Ribeiro-Silva Alfredo , Soave Danilo Figueiredo , Passador-Santos Fabricio , Brum Suellen Trentin , Napimoga Marcelo Henrique , De Araújo Vera Cavalcanti 
Published: April 2015

Background Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common tumor of the salivary gland, while basal cell adenoma (BCA) is an uncommon neoplasm. Blood and lymphatic vessels are crucial for tumor metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the blood and lymphatic vascular density and vascular and endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in PA and BCA tumors. In addition, cell proliferation was evaluated in these tumors. Methods Blood and lymphatic vessel content, VEGF expression, and cell proliferation were analyzed in 30 cases of PA and 13 cases of BCA by immu-nohistochemistry using antibodies for CD34, CD105, D2-40, VEGF, and Mcm -2. Results Regarding CD34 and CD105 expression, PA demonstrated a high vascularity and a low number of positive vessels, respectively. D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels were mainly located in the tumor capsules, with small intratumoral lymphatic vessels observed occasionally. VEGF expression revealed a remarkably heterogeneous immunoreactivity, alternating from weak or negative to positive or intense. BCA presented significantly higher CD34, CD34, CD105, D2-40, and VEGF expression compared to PA. No significant difference was found in cell proliferation between the tumors. Conclusion Although PA and BCA are considered part of the same spectrum of differentiation, this study showed that the blood and lymphatic vascularization of these tumors is different.
Prolonged Bradycardia, Asystole and Outcome of High Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Raza Ali , Rahman Atur , Shabana Adel , Malstrome Faisal , Al-Sulaiti Ghaniem 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTHigh spinal cord injury (HSCI) is one of the devastating traumatic injuries. Majority of these patients are young male and 93% will have major neurological disabilities. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence, risk and precipitating factors for prolonged bradycardia in the HSCI patients.Patients and methodsAll patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of tertiary hospital, with spinal cord injury above level of dorsal (D4) were enrolled in this study prospectively. Patient's demographic data, mechanism, level and type of spinal injury, associated injuries, injury severity score (ISS), spinal shock, vasopressors used, time of occurrence of bradycardia; precipitating, risk factors and outcome were recorded.ResultsDuring the study period, total 138 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit with HSCI. Majority of patients were male. The most frequently associated injury was skeletal fractures (38.4%). Pneumonia in 56 (41%) was the most common complication. Forty-five (33%) patients had prolonged bradycardia; 53.4% had cardiac asystole, 29 (21%) patients had bradycardia during endotracheal suctioning, where, as 27 (20%) patients developed bradycardia at positioning. HSCI patients with prolonged bradycardia had significantly higher, ISS score, ICU and hospitals stay. Multivariate analysis revealed that hypotension on admission; pneumonia and tracheostomy were risk factors for the development of prolonged bradycardia.ConclusionProlonged bradycardia was associated with significantly higher incidence of asystole. Endotracheal suctioning and positioning of HSCI patients were provocative factors for prolonged bradycardia. Hypotension on admission, pneumonia and tracheostomy were the risk factors for development of prolonged bradycardia.How to cite this articleShaikh N, Raza A, Rahman A, Shabana A, Malstrome F, Al-Sulaiti G. Prolonged Bradycardia, Asystole and Outcome of High Spinal Cord Injury Patients. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(3):87-92.
Agenesis of all third molars in two half siblings
Authors: Kaufer Jamie A 
Published: April 2015

Tooth agenesis is one of the most common dental anomalies and is influenced by factors including patient genetics. Although there are several specific genes associated with certain patterns of agenesis, there does not seem to be a genetic pattern identified to date that is associated with isolated complete third molar agenesis. This report presents two half-siblings who both express complete agenesis of third molars despite the fact that their shared parent does not express the same phenotype. The case discussion focuses on addressing the potential genetic possibilities including autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expressivity of a mutation. There remains an uncertainty to the exact gene involved. Potential options include WNT10A and PAX9. The affected individuals are not needing extractions or experiencing complications due to the presence of third molars. However, the concern remains that there is the potential for more severe expression of the mutation in future generations.