bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value-Added Benefits and Utilization of Pathologists' Assistants
Authors: Vitale John , Brooks Reed , Sovocool Michael , Rader W Rae 
Published: November 2012

Context.—The role of pathologists' assistants (PAs) in terms of surgical and autopsy prosection has been well established; however, the role of PAs in areas beyond surgical and autopsy pathology, such as laboratory administration and management, education, and research, is not so well understood.Objective.—To determine the scope and extent of ancillary duties (value-added benefits) performed by PAs.Design.—A self-administered, electronic survey was disseminated to all members of the American Association of Pathologists' Assistants with fellowship status to analyze the ancillary duties PAs provide in laboratory administration and management, education, and research.Results.—Respondents were from 44 states and most had 6 or more years of experience in various work settings: community hospitals (50%), academic hospitals (30%), private pathology laboratories (15%), and “other” settings (5%). Most were involved in quality assurance programs (64.0%), laboratory accreditation inspections (56.2%), and a large percentage (44.4%) also had direct supervisory experience. Roughly 36% of respondents reported training residents in prosection skills in a clinical setting, while a small percentage reported teaching for-credit courses in a classroom setting (4.9%). The primary research responsibility was fresh tissue procurement for tumor banking (52.7%).Conclusions.—Pathologists' assistants currently are involved in ancillary duties beyond surgical and autopsy prosection. Our findings indicate that PAs have a desire to become more involved in these duties, and there is opportunity for pathologists to benefit further by using PAs to the full extent of their knowledge, skills, and interests.
PAX2 and PAX8 Expression in Primary and Metastatic Renal Tumors: A Comprehensive Comparison
Authors: Ozcan Ayhan , de la Roza Gustavo , Ro Jae Y. , Shen Steven S. , Truong Luan D. 
Published: November 2012

Context.—The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains problematic, especially in the context of metastasis or small-needle biopsies. PAX2 and PAX8 transcription factors are known to be expressed by several histologic types of renal neoplasms.Objective.—To evaluate the diagnostic utility of PAX2 and PAX8 relative to one another, which has not been studied.Design.—Consecutive tissue sections from the archival samples of 243 primary and 99 metastatic renal neoplasms were submitted to PAX2 and PAX8 immunostain.Results.—Within the primary neoplasms, PAX2 versus PAX8 expression was noted in 90 of 95 (95%) versus 92 of 95 (97%) for clear cell RCC, 29 of 38 (76%) versus 38 of 38 (100%) for papillary RCC, 14 of 25 (56%) versus 22 of 25 (88%) for chromophobe RCC, 3 of 7 (43%) versus 5 of 7 (71%) for collecting duct RCC, 6 of 8 (75%) versus 8 of 8 (100%) for acquired cystic kidney disease–related RCC, and 7 of 13 (54%) versus 11 of 13 (85%) for oncocytoma. Regardless of histologic subtype, PAX8 staining was noted in more cells and with more intense staining than PAX2. Within the metastatic RCCs, PAX8 expression was more frequently positive than PAX2 expression (88 of 99 cases; 89%; versus 75 of 99 cases; 76%).Conclusions.—Both PAX2 and PAX8 are diagnostically useful markers for both primary and metastatic renal neoplasms of a large variety of histologic types. However, PAX8 appears to be more sensitive than PAX2 in both primary and metastatic settings. PAX8 can be included in any immunohistochemical panel for the diagnosis of primary renal neoplasms. Adding PAX2 should be optional, but this would gain limited further diagnostic yield. In a metastatic setting, both PAX8 and PAX2 can be included in a panel because a small subset of metastatic RCCs are stained only with PAX2.
The Prevalence and Importance of Variant Patterns in Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Badr AbdullGaffar  
Published: November 2012

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare type of B-cell lymphoma with good prognosis and distinct clinicopathologic features. The hallmark histological feature is the presence of malignant lymphocyte predominant (LP) cells embedded within nodules predominantly composed of small B-lymphocytes. Immunoarchitectural variations from these classic nodules could occur. The clinical and pathological significance of NLPHL with variant patterns is, however, uncertain and controversial. Some oncologists and pathologists consider variant atypical nodules to represent a simple localized overgrowth of the LP cells without significant pathological or clinical implications. Other oncologists, however, suggest that they might represent a different biological behavior in the form of intranodal progression with early transformation into large B-cell lymphoma. Therefore, NLPHLs with variant atypical patterns represent a more aggressive clinical course and an indicator of a higher risk of recurrence that warrants a more aggressive treatment even in the early stages. We performed a retrospective review study to investigate the prevalence and importance of atypical nodules in NLPHL. We found seven cases of NLPHL, three (43%) of which showed variant patterns with different immunoarchitectural features from the classic nodules of NLPHL. We did not find clinical or prognostic differences between the two groups of classic nodules of NLPHL and atypical variant nodules of NLPHL. The significance of which, however, cannot be drawn from this small case series. Therefore, further larger scale studies are warranted. In addition, pathologists should be aware of this phenomenon to avoid overcalling these cases as high-grade lymphomas.
Contraception Use and Pregnancy Risk Among Adolescents in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Canter Hannah , Reed Jennifer , Palmer Chella , Casper T. Charles , Stukus Kristin , Schmidt Sarah , Pickett Michelle , Mollen Cynthia , Elsholz Cara , Cruz Andrea T. , Augustine Erin , Goyal Monika K. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceUnintended pregnancy is a major health risk for adolescents in the US, and adolescents face many barriers to obtaining effective and reliable contraception.ObjectiveTo measure and describe the use of contraception, pregnancy risk index (PRI), and emergency contraception (EC) prescriptions among female adolescents accessing the emergency department (ED) for care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study is a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter trial from April 2021 through April 2022 that used a tablet-based, content-validated, confidential sexual health survey at 6 urban, pediatric tertiary care EDs affiliated with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Participants were individuals aged 15 to 21 years presenting to the ED who completed the confidential sexual health survey and indicated female sex assigned at birth and prior penile-vaginal sexual intercourse. Data analysis was performed from January 2023 to February 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the type and proportion of contraception use, the PRI, and provision of EC. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with these outcomes.ResultsA total of 1063 participants (median [IQR] age, 17.5 [16.5-18.3] years) were included in this analysis; 219 (20.8%) identified as Hispanic, 464 (44.1%) identified as non-Hispanic Black, 308 (29.3%) identified as non-Hispanic White, and 61 (5.8%) identified as other races and ethnicities. In total, 756 participants (71.1%) reported contraception use during their last sexual encounter. Long-acting reversible contraception use (LARC) was the least used (164 participants [15.4%]), and 307 (28.9%) reported no contraception use. Sociodemographic factors associated with overall contraception use, and LARC use specifically, included insurance and race and ethnicity. The overall PRI was 7.89, or an expected 8 pregnancies per 100 female individuals per year. Although 108 participants (10.2%) were eligible for EC, EC was ordered for only 6 (5.6%) of those eligible.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of sexually active adolescents presenting to the ED, the majority of participants reported using at least 1 form of contraception; however, LARCs were the least used option, and 28.9% of participants reported no contraceptive use. The unintended pregnancy risk was almost 8% in the study population. Few patients eligible for EC received it. These data suggest a high need and potential opportunity for provision of contraception services in the ED setting.
Archidamos (Archidamus)
Authors: Doran Timothy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Archidamos II (r. ca. 470–427/6
bce
) was a long‐reigning king of Sparta of the Eurypontid dynasty, son of Zeuxidamos and successor to Leotychidas II, veteran combatant against the helot revolts (the Third Messenian War) after the Great Spartan Earthquake of the mid‐460s, a cautious commander who reluctantly brought Sparta into war against Athens and her empire in 432, the Peloponnesian War.
Stratokles (Stratocles), Athenian politician
Authors: Tracy Stephen V. , Dunn Charlotte 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Stratokles of Diomeia, son of Euthydemos, was a prominent Athenian politician during the last quarter of the fourth century (ca. 355 to ca. 285?
bce
). Between 307 to 301 Stratokles was prolifically active, putting forth at least 28 decrees in the Athenian assembly. He is particularly known for his extravagant honours and support of the Antigonids, who controlled Athens at various points.
Menander
Authors: Lape Susan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMenander, a prolific and esteemed playwright of Greek New Comedy, wrote over one‐hundred comedies in a career spanning thirty years, winning eight victories at Athenian dramatic festivals during his lifetime. He concentrated on domestic comedy featuring romantic plots that unfold in accordance with the norms of Athenian marriage and democratic citizenship. His plays include stock characters and rely heavily on cases of mistaken identity and role‐playing that produce various levels of incongruity humor. The comedies provide evidence for Athenian sociocultural history as well as for some of the changes taking place in the Hellenistic world.
Cannibalism
Authors: Felton Debbie , Warburton David A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCannibalism is a fraught topic, not least because an abundance of partial and unreliable literary evidence from the ancient Near East and Mediterranean stands against very little archaeological evidence, leaving the entire issue a matter of contention. In general, in classical Antiquity the idea itself was abhorrent and considered to be “uncivilized,” largely used as a rhetorical device to characterize the Other. Consequently, ancient authors associated cannibalism with symbolic or ritual behavior in conceptually mythical times, or with contemporaneous foreign peoples. It is possible, however, that in extreme social circumstances cannibalism may even have been practiced among “civilized” peoples, but probably rarely (if at all).
Zipoites (Zipoetes) I–III of Bithynia
Authors: Gabelko Oleg 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Zipoites I (328–ca. 280–279
bce
) was the founder of the Hellenistic Bithynian kingdom, the first to assume the title of king. His successful wars against the Diadochs and the struggle with the neighboring Greek
poleis
enabled him to strengthen Bithynia and to ensure its independence from the claims of the Seleucids. His second son, who bore the same name, fought for power against his brother Nikomedes I, but did not succeed him and was killed. Zipoites (III), Nikomedes I's son from his second marriage, ruled, as it seems, a part of Bithynia after the civil war of the 250s, but then was forced to leave the country and lived in Macedonia till 220
bce
.
Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women Observed in the Nurses’ Health Study Cohorts
Authors: Rossato Sinara , Oakes Emily G. , Barbhaiya Medha , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Malspeis Susan , Willett Walter C. , Khandpur Neha , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveWe assessed ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence within the prospective Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) cohorts.MethodsA total of 204,175 women were observed (NHS 1984–2016; NHSII 1991–2017). Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were completed every two to four years. UPF intake was determined as per the Nova classification. Nurses self‐reported new doctor‐diagnosed SLE, confirmed by medical records. Time‐varying Cox regressions estimated hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for patients with incident SLE and SLE by anti–double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody at diagnosis, according to cumulatively updated daily (a) UPF servings, (b) total intake (in grams and milliliters), and (c) percentage of total intake. Analyses adjusted for age, race, cohort, caloric and alcohol intakes, household income, smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, menarchal age, and oral contraceptive use. We tested for interaction with BMI and examined UPF categories.ResultsMean baseline age was ~50 years (NHS) and ~36 years (NHSII); 93% self‐reported White race. A total of 212 patients with incident SLE were identified. SLE risk was higher in the third versus first UPF tertile (servings per day pooled multivariable [MV] HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.32; P = 0.03). Results were stronger for dsDNA antibody in patients with SLE (servings per day pooled MV HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15–3.65; P = 0.01) and for absolute (servings or total) than percentage of total intake. Sugar‐sweetened/artificially sweetened beverages were associated with SLE risk (third vs first tertile MV HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.01–2.09). No BMI interactions were observed.ConclusionHigher cumulative average daily UPF intake was associated with >50% increased SLE risk and with doubled risk for anti‐dsDNA antibody in patients with SLE. Many deleterious effects on systemic inflammation and immunity are postulated.
Identification of Gaps in Quality of Care and Good Practice Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights From a Literature Review and Qualitative Study of Nine Centers in North America
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Crow Mary K. , Danila Maria I. , Haraoui Boulos , Karpouzas George A. , Newman Eric D. , Norton Hillary , Peterson Jeff , Thorne Carter , Wright Grace C. , Bain Lorna 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveQuality of care (QoC) delivery in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) continues to suffer from various challenges (eg, delay in diagnosis and referral) that can lead to poor patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify good practice interventions that address these challenges in RA care in North America.MethodsThe study was conducted in three steps: (1) literature review of existing publications and guidelines (April 2005 to April 2021) on QoC in RA; (2) in‐person visits to >50 individual specialists and health care professionals across nine rheumatology centers in the United States and Canada to identify challenges in RA care and any corresponding good practice interventions; and (3) collation and organization of findings of the two previous methods by commonalities to identify key good practice interventions, followed by further review by RA experts to ensure key challenges and gaps in RA care were captured.ResultsSeveral challenges and eight good practice interventions were identified in RA care. The interventions were prioritized based on the perceived positive impact on the challenges in care and ease of implementation. High‐priority interventions included the use of technology to improve care, streamlining specialist treatment, and facilitating comorbidity assessment and care. Other interventions included enabling patient access to optimal medication regimens and improving patient self‐management strategies.ConclusionLearnings from the study can be implemented in other rheumatology centers throughout North America to improve RA care. Although the study was completed before the COVID‐19 pandemic, the findings remain relevant.
A novel modulation for four‐switch Buck‐boost converter to eliminate the right half plane zero point
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyan , Wang Kun , Yang Zhengtao , Cao Huafeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe four‐switch Buck‐Boost (FSBB) converter are widely used in combination with other isolated converter to extend the voltage range capability of the overall structure. When the converter operates in buck‐boost mode and boost mode, it exhibits a right half plane zero (RHPZ) in the control to output transfer function. This characteristic would cause negative impact to stability of the converter. In order to eliminate the RHPZ, a novel modulation method is proposed in this paper. The buck mode is introduced to the modulation to adjust the voltage gain, and the corresponding average state space modeling for the FSBB with the proposed modulation is established. The simulation of the converter with the proposed modulation method and traditional modulation are presented. Finally, experiment results by hardware in the loop (HIL) platform is employed to verity the correctness of theoretical analysis results.
Laser‐Controlled Ferrohydrodynamic Fluid Cavities for Modulation of Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Wang Qiaozhen , Jin Yuqi , Yao Menglin , Lin Feng , Qin Chenzhen , Liu Laichen , Wang Zhiming , Neogi Arup 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFerrohydrodynamic pumps, with their compact design, offer a practical and efficient alternative to traditional pneumatic or mechanical pumps for driving microfluidic channels and fluidic devices, eliminating mechanical vibrations. A novel self‐circulating ferrohydrodynamic system has been developed to remotely control fluid flow within a linear acoustic cavity using a laser‐induced photothermal temperature gradient. This system enables the modulation of fluid flow rates in compact channels through adjustments in a D.C. magnetic field or laser‐induced surface temperature changes. Notably, laser intensity can accelerate, decelerate, or reverse flow rates within the channel, influencing ultrasonic waves propagating through fluidic cavities designed to resonate between 500 kHz and 700 kHz. The dynamic nature of the magnetoactive fluid cavity enhances wave‐matter interactions, particularly in acoustic domains. Laser‐induced flow control allows for precise manipulation of ultrasonic wave characteristics such as frequency, amplitude, mode splitting, phase shifting, and unidirectional transmission. This capability also supports the optical regulation of acoustic energy flow rates by halting or reversing fluid motion within the cavity. These advancements hold significant potential for applications in cavity acoustodynamics and underwater signal processing, promising innovations in remote fluidic control and acoustic modulation technologies.
Perovskite Nanocrystals: Opportunities in Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Jin Lei , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Liu Xin , Benetti Daniele , Rosei Federico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLuminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are complementary sunlight collectors for photovoltaics (PVs). Emissive fluorophores embedded in a transparent waveguide collect solar radiation over a large area and convert it into luminescence directed to the PV cells that frame the waveguide's edges. Among various fluorophores, perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) show considerable potential for LSCs thanks to their wide size/composition/shape tunable broad absorption spectrum ranging from UV to near‐infrared, which significantly overlaps with the solar spectrum. They also feature high brightness with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 100% and ease of fabrication through wet chemistry approaches. In addition, PNCs can be engineered to minimize the absorption/emission overlap, which is the key to suppressing energy losses caused by reabsorption. Here, the structure and properties of PNCs and then correlate them with LSC performance is presented. The synthesis of PNCs using wet‐chemistry approaches and summarize the latest developments of PNCs‐based LSCs, categorized by the engineering strategies of PNCs and the design of the LSC configurations is critically reviewed. Finally, it is described major challenges and perspectives for future work, outlining the rational design, synthesis, PNC loading, surface engineering, and machine‐learning‐based tuning of PNC‐LSC.
Cellulose Metamaterials with Hetero‐Profiled Topology via Structure Rearrangement During Ball Milling for Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Cai Chenyang , Wu Xiaodan , Cheng Fulin , Ding Chunxiang , Wei Zechang , Wang Xuan , Fu Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPassive radiative cooling is a zero‐energy consumption approach, which can dissipate heat to outer space by emitting infrared radiation through the transparency window. Traditional cooling materials, such as photonic films, metafabrics, and polymer foams, still suffer from complex preparation processes and high costs. In this work, it is reported that natural cellulose can be converted into a “green” optical metamaterial by rational structure reconfiguration at the micro/nano level via scalable ball milling technology for efficient daytime radiative cooling. Specifically, fine‐tuning the shearing kinetics in the mechanochemistry process, cellulosic optical metamaterial (COM) with ≈98% solar reflectivity and ≈0.97 infrared emissivity has been successfully achieved, which can break through the theoretical value of photonic crystals as well as the conventional synthetic optical materials. The COMSOL simulation reveals that the excellent optical properties of the cellulose metamaterial are explained by the “confined scattering” effect caused by the rearranged heterostructure at the micro/nano level. Outdoor tests demonstrat that the COM‐based coating exhibits a daytime radiative cooling efficiency of 5.7 °C in hot Nanjing. Meanwhile, the COM can be produced into different scattering materials via spray coating, freeze casting, and solution casting technology. This study will facilitate the development of scalable and sustainable optical metamaterials for mitigating energy consumption.
2D Graphene Oxide: A Versatile Thermo‐Optic Material
Authors: Hu Junkai , Wu Jiayang , Liu Wenbo , Jin Di , Dirani Houssein El , Kerdiles Sébastien , Sciancalepore Corrado , Demongodin Pierre , Grillet Christian , Monat Christelle , Huang Duan , Jia Baohua , Moss David J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfficient heat management and control in optical devices, facilitated by advanced thermo‐optic materials, are critical for many applications such as photovoltaics, thermal emitters, mode‐locked lasers, and optical switches. Here, a range of thermo‐optic properties of 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are investigated by precisely integrating them onto microring resonators (MRRs) with control over the film thicknesses and lengths. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, thermo‐optic coefficient, and thermal conductivity for the GO films with different layer numbers and degrees of reduction, as well as reversible reduction and enhanced optical bistability induced by the photo‐thermal effects, are comprehensively characterized. Experimental results show that the thermo‐optic properties of 2D GO films vary widely with the degree of reduction. In addition, significant anisotropy is observed for the thermo‐optic response, enabling efficient polarization‐sensitive devices. The versatile thermo‐optic response of 2D GO substantially expands the scope of functionalities and devices that can be engineered, making it promising for a diverse range of thermo‐optic applications.