bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between depression and physical symptom burden in advanced cancer
Authors: Fitzgerald Peter , Lo Chris , Li Madeline , Gagliese Lucia , Zimmermann Camilla , Rodin Gary 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundAlthough an association between depression and physical burden has been demonstrated in advanced cancer, it remains unclear to what extent this is limited to specific physical symptoms, such as pain and fatigue, and is mediated by disease and treatment-related factors. We therefore investigated the relationship between depression and physical burden across a multitude of physical symptoms in this population, while controlling for cancer-related factors including disease severity and proximity to death.Patients and methodsA secondary analysis was performed on cross-sectional data in 487 patients with advanced cancer. Measures included the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, which measured physical burden across 24 common cancer symptoms. Disease severity was assessed by survival time and by functional status using the Karnofsky Performance Status scale.ResultsDepression severity significantly correlated with number of physical symptoms, symptom distress and symptom severity independent of cancer type, functional status, chemotherapy status and survival time (all p<0.001). Depression was associated with increased incidence, severity and distress across multiple physical symptoms and was an independent predictor of physical burden on multiple regression analysis.ConclusionsThese findings support the view that a synergistic relationship exists between depression and a broad array of physical symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.
Validating and Improving Injury Burden Estimates Study: the Injury-VIBES study protocol
Authors: Gabbe Belinda J , Lyons Ronan A , Harrison James E , Rivara Frederick P , Ameratunga Shanthi , Jolley Damien , Polinder Suzanne , Derrett Sarah 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundPriority setting, identification of unmet and changing healthcare needs, service and policy planning, and the capacity to evaluate the impact of health interventions requires valid and reliable methods for quantifying disease and injury burden. The methodology developed for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies has been adopted to estimate the burden of disease in national, regional and global projects. However, there has been little validation of the methods for estimating injury burden using empirical data.ObjectiveTo provide valid estimates of the burden of non-fatal injury using empirical data.SettingData from prospective cohort studies of injury outcomes undertaken in the UK, USA, Australia, New Zealand and The Netherlands.Design and participantsMeta-analysis of deidentified, patient-level data from over 40 000 injured participants in six prospective cohort studies: Victorian State Trauma Registry, Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry, UK Burden of Injury study, Prospective Outcomes of Injury study, National Study on Costs and Outcomes of Trauma and the Dutch Injury Patient Survey.AnalysisData will be systematically analysed to evaluate and refine injury classification, development of disability weights, establishing the duration of disability and handling of cases with more than one injury in burden estimates. Developed methods will be applied to incidence data to compare and contrast various methods for estimating non-fatal injury burden.Contribution to the fieldThe findings of this international collaboration have the capacity to drive how injury burden is measured for future GBD estimates and for individual country or region-specific studies.
Columnar cell-like changes in the male breast
Authors: Ni Yun-Bi , Mujtaba Shafaq , Shao Mu-Min , Lacambra Maribel , Tsang Julia Y S , Chan Siu-Ki , Tse Gary M 
Published: August 2013

AimsColumnar cell lesions are known as a link between normal breast and low grade neoplastic lesions in female, but have not been established in the male breast. This study evaluated the presence of ducts showing columnar cell-like features in the male breast.MethodsSeventy-one consecutive surgical resections from men (6 invasive breast carcinoma of grade 3, 1 atypical ductal hyperplasia and 64 other lesions) were reviewed to identify foci of dilated ducts with columnar epithelial cells, and their morphological features including apical snouts, intraluminal secretions and calcifications were assessed. The expression of CK5/6 and estrogen receptor (ER) was evaluated immunohistochemically. Clinicopathological features including patients’ age, histological diagnosis and gynaecomastoid hyperplasia were documented.ResultsDucts showing columnar cell-like features were identified in 39 cases, morphologically as distended ducts with round or undulating outline. There was an outer layer of myoepithelial cells and an inner layer of columnar luminal cells showing apical snouts, but without intraluminal secretions or calcifications. Immunohistochemically, these columnar epithelial cells were negative for CK5/6 in 38/39 cases and all were ER heterogeneously positive. These changes were associated with older age, but their incidence did not differ whether they were associated with invasive breast carcinoma, atypical ductal hyperplasia and other lesions.ConclusionsIn the male breast, there is an entity sharing morphological features and immunohistochemical profile of columnar cell lesions.
Prognostic implications of anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene aberrations in rhabdomyosarcoma; an immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridisation study
Authors: Lee Jae Seok , Lim Sun Min , Rha Sun Young , Roh Jae Kyung , Cho Yong Jin , Shin Kyu Ho , Yang Woo Ik , Kim Se Hoon , Kim Hyo Song 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundWe investigated the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression in Asian rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) patients.Patients and methodsA total of 38 RMS tissue samples were collected over a 14-year period (1998–2012). ALK protein expression and gene copy number were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).ResultsTen of the 38 RMS patients (26.3%) showed positive ALK protein expression. ALK protein expression was predominantly positive in alveolar RMS (ARMS) compared with embryonal RMS (ERMS) (80% vs 20%, p=0.03). ALK protein expression was statistically associated with ARMS histology, metastatic disease at diagnosis, and primary trunk site. In FISH analysis, no translocations were detected andALKgene copy number gain was observed more frequently in ARMS than in ERMS (40% vs 17%). The ALK-positive group showed inferior overall survival (OS) compared with ALK-negative group (p=0.014) for both alveolar and embryonal RMS patients. In multivariate analysis, positive ALK expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.02; HR, 3.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 8.3). There was a significant strong positive correlation between ALK gene copy number and protein expression (Spearman's r<0.001, r=0.77).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that ALK protein expression is statistically associated with ARMS histology, metastatic disease at diagnosis and primary trunk site. Additionally, ALK expression was an independent prognostic factor for worse survival. There was a strong correlation between IHC and FISH. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential diagnostic and therapeutic role of ALK expression in RMS.
Patient whiteboards to improve patient-centred care in the hospital
Authors: Tan Marilyn , Hooper Evans Kambria , Braddock Clarence H , Shieh Lisa 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Patient whiteboards facilitate communication between patients and hospital providers, but little is known about their impact on patient satisfaction and awareness. Our objectives were to: measure the impact in improving patients' understanding of and satisfaction with care; understand barriers for their use by physicians and how these could be overcome; and explore their impact on staff and patients' families.

Methods
In 2012, we conducted a 3-week pilot of multidisciplinary whiteboard use with 104 inpatients on the general medicine service at Stanford University Medical Center. A brief, inperson survey was conducted with two groups: (1) 56 patients on two inpatient units with whiteboards and (2) 48 patients on two inpatient units without whiteboards. Questions included understanding of: physician name, goals of care, discharge date and satisfaction with care. We surveyed 25 internal medicine residents regarding challenges of whiteboard use, along with physical therapists, occupational therapists, case managers, consulting physicians and patients' family members (n=40).

Results
The use of whiteboards significantly increased the proportion of patients who knew: their physician (p≤=0.0001), goals for admission (p≤=0.0016), their estimated discharge date (p≤=0.049) and improved satisfaction with the hospital stay overall (p≤=0.0242). Physicians, ancillary staff and patient families all found the whiteboards to be helpful. In response, residents were also more likely to integrate whiteboard use into their daily work flow.

Conclusions
Inpatient whiteboards help physicians and ancillary staff with communication, improve patients' awareness of their care team, admission plans and duration of admission, and significantly improve patient overall satisfaction.
Predictors of mortality of extremely low birthweight babies in a tertiary care centre of a developing country
Authors: Thakur Neha , Saili Arvind , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Vinay 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Perinatal care has changed dramatically over last decade contributing to improved survival of extremely low birthweight (ELBW) babies.

Objective
We conducted the present study with the objective to identify immediate obstetric causes of preterm delivery; analyse the maternal risk factors and to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of ELBW babies delivered in our hospital. The results were compared with those of 10 years ago from the same hospital to determine whether there has been any significant change in the predictors of mortality

Methods
A retrospective analysis of case records of 283 ELBW babies delivered in our hospital over a period of 24 months from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2012 was conducted.

Results
The total neonatal mortality rate was 38.7%. 85 babies (30%) were small for gestational age. Mean gestational age and mean birth weight was 28.5 weeks and 883.4 g, respectively. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, significant risk factors for neonatal mortality in mothers were anaemia (p=0.00001, OR 3.13, CI 1.756 to 5.56), inadequate antenatal care (p=0.00001, OR 4.74, CI 2.59 to 8.69) premature rupture of membrane with antenatal antibiotic usage (p=0.003, OR 3.375, CI 1.512 to 7.53. Risk factors for mortality in babies were male sex (p=0.08, OR 3.48 CI 1.4 to 8.8), lower birth weight (p=0.000005), lower gestational age (p=0.00001) use of respiratory support in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (p=0.03), or mechanical ventilation (p=0.00001) and pulmonary or intraventricular haemorrhage (p=0.0001).

Conclusions
Babies with lower gestational age lower birth weight and those babies whose mothers had not received adequate antenatal care or antenatal steroids had worse prognosis.
Cross-sectional study of hepatitis B immunity in MSM between 2002 and 2012
Authors: Gamagedara Nimal , Weerakoon Ajith P , Zou Huachun , Fehler Glenda , Chen Marcus Y , Read Tim RH , Bradshaw Catriona S , Fairley Christopher K 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesIncidence of hepatitis B has not been well studied recently in men who have sex with men (MSM) despite increases in sexual risk practices and other sexually transmitted infections. Our aim was to determine the incidence of hepatitis B infection among MSM and level of immunity to hepatitis B attending a sexual health service over 10 years.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of all MSM attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) from 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2012, and a retrospective cohort study of MSM who had attended MSHC on multiple occasions who had hepatitis serology done more than once.ResultsOf 10 031 MSM attending the clinic, 58.4% (95% CI 57.4% to 59.4%) (5655/9677) had hepatitis B surface antibody (HepBsAb), 10.6% (95% CI 10.0% to 11.4%) (840/7888) had core antibody (HepBcAb), and 3.7% (95% CI 3.0% to 4.5%) (95/2577) had surface antigen (HepBsAg). The proportion with HepBsAb decreased from 72% to 48% (p (trend)<0.001), with HepBcAb decreased from 12% to 8% (p (trend)=0.039) and with either HepBsAb or HepBcAb, decreased from 67% to 50% (p (trend)<0.001) from 2002 to 2012, but did not change for HepBsAg (p (trend)=0.08). Seven cases of hepatitis B occurred in 3540 person-years of observation, giving an incidence of 1.98 (95% CI 0.79 to 4.07) per 1000 person-years.ConclusionsThe data suggest that the current level of immunity of about 50% has been sufficient to prevent any significant hepatitis B infection in the last 10 years. Continued high levels of vaccination are important for prevention.
Extinction of Guadalupian rugose corals: an example of biotic response to the Kamura event (southern Primorye, Russia)
Authors: Kossovaya Olga L. , Kropatcheva Galina S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Permian Rugosa of southern Primorye (Russian Far East) occur in a series of terranes of different tectonic origin. The taxonomical composition of Guadalupian (Wordian–Capitanian) rugose corals distributed in southern Primorye changed progressively in an ecological succession, starting with primitive persistent cosmopolitan taxa (assemblage I). This was replaced by assemblage II with a marked invasion of Peri-Gondwanian genera such as
Timorphyllum
and
Verbeekiella
, and, in the Late Capitanian, by typical Cathyasian colonial waagenophyllids (assemblage III). Subsequent communities have nearly no transitional forms. The latter assemblage was abruptly replaced by small fasciculate and solitary primitive forms (assemblage IV). Species peculiarities of assemblages of the
Parafusulina stricta
Zone and the specific lithological features of coral-bearing deposits indicate a palaeogeographical differentiation of terrane positions. The terranes are of various origins: oceanic arcs, passive margin and guyot. The extinction of massive colonial Rugosa in southern Primorye (western Palaeo-Pacific) is identified as a biotic event that is recognizable in Japan, and probably in Inner Mongolia. It also coincides with a general reduction in coral diversity at the end of the Capitanian in China. The present study of the taxonomical distribution of corals has enabled the level of massive waagenophyllid extinction to be defined precisely and to correlate it to a similar pattern in adjacent territories of the Palaeo-Pacific below the Lopingian boundary. The diversity decrease coincides with the last phase of the Kamura event, and the effects of the Emeishan volcanism is correlated with a second positive shift in δ
13
C (South China). The assumed cooling impacted on the fauna in the western Palaeo-Pacific. The stepwise elimination of massive colonial waagenophyllids and large fusulinids documented in the southern Primorye at the end of the Capitanian is considered to be the first step in the Permian–Triassic extinction, about 8 Myr prior to the final Permian–Triassic (P–T) global event.
Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer by d,l-Sulforaphane Is Augmented by Pharmacological Inhibition of Autophagy
Authors: Vyas Avani R. , Hahm Eun-Ryeong , Arlotti Julie A. , Watkins Simon , Stolz Donna Beer , Desai Dhimant , Amin Shantu , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
There is a preclinical evidence that the oral administration of d,l-sulforaphane (SFN) can decrease the incidence or burden of early-stage prostate cancer [prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)] and well-differentiated cancer (WDC) but not late-stage poorly differentiated cancer (PDC). Because SFN treatment induces cytoprotective autophagy in cultured human prostate cancer cells, the present study tested the hypothesis that chemopreventive efficacy of SFN could be augmented by the pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine (CQ). Incidence of PDC characterized by prostate weight of more than 1 g was significantly lower in the SFN + CQ group than in control (P = 0.004), CQ group (P = 0.026), or SFN group (P = 0.002 by Fisher exact test). Average size of the metastatic lymph node was lower by about 42% in the SFN + CQ group than in control (P = 0.043 by Wilcoxon test). On the other hand, the SFN + CQ combination was not superior to SFN alone with respect to inhibition of incidence or burden of microscopic PIN or WDC. SFN treatment caused in vivo autophagy as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Mechanistic studies showed that prevention of prostate cancer and metastasis by the SFN + CQ combination was associated with decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, alterations in protein levels of autophagy regulators Atg5 and phospho-mTOR, and suppression of biochemical features of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Plasma proteomics identified protein expression signature that may serve as biomarker of SFN + CQ exposure/response. This study offers a novel combination regimen for future clinical investigations for prevention of prostate cancer in humans. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5985–95. ©2013 AACR.
Merkel Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells Fluctuate with Merkel Cell Carcinoma Burden and Express Therapeutically Targetable PD-1 and Tim-3 Exhaustion Markers
Authors: Afanasiev Olga K. , Yelistratova Lola , Miller Natalie , Nagase Kotaro , Paulson Kelly , Iyer Jayasri G. , Ibrani Dafina , Koelle David M. , Nghiem Paul 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The persistent expression of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) provides a unique opportunity to characterize immune evasion mechanisms in human cancer. We isolated MCPyV-specific T cells and determined their frequency and functional status.
Experimental Design: Multiparameter flow cytometry panels and HLA/peptide tetramers were used to identify and characterize T cells from tumors (n = 7) and blood (n = 18) of patients with MCC and control subjects (n = 10). PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) and CD8 expression within tumors were determined using mRNA profiling (n = 35) and immunohistochemistry (n = 13).
Results: MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells were detected directly ex vivo from the blood samples of 7 out of 11 (64%) patients with MCPyV-positive tumors. In contrast, 0 of 10 control subjects had detectable levels of these cells in their blood (P &lt; 0.01). MCPyV-specific T cells in serial blood specimens increased with MCC disease progression and decreased with effective therapy. MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells and MCC-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed higher levels of therapeutically targetable PD-1 and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors compared with T cells specific to other human viruses (P &lt; 0.01). PD-L1 was present in 9 of 13 (69%) MCCs and its expression was correlated with CD8-lymphocyte infiltration.
Conclusions: MCC-targeting T cells expand with tumor burden and express high levels of immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and Tim-3. Reversal of these inhibitory pathways is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for this virus-driven cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5351–60. ©2013 AACR.
Sunitinib and SU11652 Inhibit Acid Sphingomyelinase, Destabilize Lysosomes, and Inhibit Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Ellegaard Anne-Marie , Groth-Pedersen Line , Oorschot Viola , Klumperman Judith , Kirkegaard Thomas , Nylandsted Jesper , Jäättelä Marja 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Defective apoptosis signaling and multidrug resistance are major barriers for successful cancer treatment. To identify drugs capable of targeting treatment-resistant cancer cells, we screened small-molecule kinase inhibitor libraries for compounds that decrease the viability of apoptosis-resistant human MCF7-Bcl-2 breast cancer cells. SU11652, a multitargeting receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, emerged as the most potent compound in the screen. In addition to MCF7-Bcl-2 cells, it effectively killed HeLa cervix carcinoma, U-2-OS osteosarcoma, Du145 prostate carcinoma, and WEHI-S fibrosarcoma cells at low micromolar concentration. SU11652 accumulated rapidly in lysosomes and disturbed their pH regulation and ultrastructure, eventually leading to the leakage of lysosomal proteases into the cytosol. Lysosomal destabilization was preceded by an early inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase, a lysosomal lipase that promotes lysosomal membrane stability. Accordingly, Hsp70, which supports cancer cell survival by increasing lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase activity, conferred partial protection against SU11652-induced cytotoxicity. Remarkably, SU11652 killed multidrug-resistant Du145 prostate cancer cells as effectively as the drug-sensitive parental cells, and subtoxic concentrations of SU11652 effectively inhibited multidrug-resistant phenotype in Du145 prostate cancer cells. Notably, sunitinib, a structurally almost identical and widely used antiangiogenic cancer drug, exhibited similar lysosome-dependent cytotoxic activity, albeit with significantly lower efficacy. The significantly stronger lysosome-targeting activity of SU11652 suggests that it may display better efficacy in cancer treatment than sunitinib, encouraging further evaluation of its anticancer activity in vivo. Furthermore, our data provide a rationale for novel approaches to target drug-resistant cancers by combining classic chemotherapy with sunitinib or SU11652. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 2018–30. ©2013 AACR.
Antianginal Therapy Before Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Borden William B. , Spertus John A. , Mushlin Alvin I. , Roe Matthew T. , McCoy Lisa A. , Redberg Rita F. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
The regional variability of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rates may be explained by variations in the medical treatment of stable coronary artery disease. We sought to determine whether greater regional use of antianginal medications in PCI patients is associated with lower regional rates of PCI.

Methods and Results—

Using CathPCI Registry and Dartmouth Atlas data, we examined patients undergoing elective PCI for stable coronary artery disease from January 1, 2009, through March 31, 2011, and calculated rates of providing ≥2 antianginal medicines before PCI. We regressed the hospital referral region rates of PCI per 1000 Medicare enrollees in 2007 on the regions’ rates of providing ≥2 antianginal medications before PCI. Among 300 772 PCI procedures, 32.8%, 48.3%, 16.1%, and 2.8% of patients were on 0, 1, 2, or ≥3 antianginal medications, respectively. The median rate of providing ≥2 antianginal medications before PCI was 18.9%. Although substantial variability existed across hospital referral regions in providing ≥2 antianginal medications and in rates of PCI from the Dartmouth Atlas, there was no association between the rates of PCI in each hospital referral region and the rates of ≥2 antianginal medications before PCI (Spearman ρ, 0.0277;
P
=0.64).

Conclusions—
We found no association between the intensity of antianginal therapy and the use of PCI across hospital referral regions, despite the variability of both. Opportunities likely exist in many regions to increase the use of antianginal therapy before proceeding to elective PCI, and more research is needed to explain observed variations in care.