bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New and Simple Electrocatalyst for Formaldehyde Oxidation; Nickel/poly(o‐Anisidine)/Film Modified Ionic Liquid Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Ojani Reza , Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Zamani Saeed 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn present work, the ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide was incorporated in the carbon paste electrode as the binder (IL‐CPE). O‐anisidine (OA) monomer is electropolymerized in the presence of an aqueous acidic solution onto IL‐CPE (POA/IL‐CPE). The as‐prepared substrate is used as a porous matrix for dispersion of Ni(II) ions by immersing the modified electrode in a nickel(II) nitrite solution. The modified electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. The POA/IL‐CPE was applied successfully to highly efficient (current density of 18.2 mA cm−2) electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in alkaline medium. Finally, the rate constant for chemical reaction between formaldehyde and redox sites of the electrode was calculated.
PREFERENCE REVERSAL BETWEEN IMPULSIVE AND SELF‐CONTROL CHOICE
Authors: Beeby Emma , White K. Geoffrey 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn a concurrent‐chains procedure, pigeons chose between reinforcers varying in delay and amount. Reinforcer amount was determined by duration of access to grain, and delay was determined by fixed‐interval schedules in the terminal links. Preference was measured by the ratio of responses in initial links. Dependent scheduling of variable‐interval schedules in initial links ensured that delay and amount were not confounded with frequency of outcomes, which remained equal for the two choices. In Experiment 1, in components signaled by red keys in the initial links, small and large reinforcers were delivered after delays of 1 s and 10 s respectively. In components signaled by green, additional time was added to both delays. Smaller–sooner reinforcers were preferred in red components. In green components, smaller–sooner reinforcers were preferred at short delays, and choices for the larger–later reinforcer generally increased with increasing duration of the added delay. At longer delays, up to 15 s, the larger–later reinforcer was preferred. That is, the pigeons showed within‐session preference reversal, with impulsive choice at short delays in red components and self‐control choice at long delays in green components. In Experiment 2, added delay to both reinforcement and reinforcer amount were varied. Sensitivity of initial‐link response ratios to ratios of amount increased with increasing duration of the added delay. This interaction between delay and amount was predicted if the temporal discounting functions assumed the magnitude effect in which discounting rate was inversely proportional to amount. It was also predicted by the contextual choice model of performance in concurrent‐chains procedures.
A trial of a real‐time Alert for clinical deterioration in Patients hospitalized on general medical wards
Authors: Bailey Thomas C. , Chen Yixin , Mao Yi , Lu Chenyang , Hackmann Gregory , Micek Scott T. , Heard Kevin M. , Faulkner Kelly M. , Kollef Marin H. 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDWith limited numbers of intensive care unit (ICU) beds available, increasing patient acuity is expected to contribute to episodes of inpatient deterioration on general wards.OBJECTIVETo prospectively validate a predictive algorithm for clinical deterioration in general–medical ward patients, and to conduct a trial of real‐time alerts based on this algorithm.DESIGNRandomized, controlled crossover study.SETTING/PATIENTSAcademic center with patients hospitalized on 8 general wards between July 2007 and December 2011.INTERVENTIONSReal‐time alerts were generated by an algorithm designed to predict the need for ICU transfer using electronically available data. The alerts were sent by text page to the nurse manager on intervention wards.MEASUREMENTSIntensive care unit transfer, hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay.RESULTSPatients meeting the alert threshold were at nearly 5.3‐fold greater risk of ICU transfer (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6‐6.0) than those not satisfying the alert threshold (358 of 2353 [15.2%] vs 512 of 17678 [2.9%]). Patients with alerts were at 8.9‐fold greater risk of death (95% CI: 7.4‐10.7) than those without alerts (244 of 2353 [10.4%] vs 206 of 17678 [1.2%]). Among patients identified by the early warning system, there were no differences in the proportion of patients who were transferred to the ICU or who died in the intervention group as compared with the control group.CONCLUSIONSReal‐time alerts were highly specific for clinical deterioration resulting in ICU transfer and death, and were associated with longer hospital length of stay. However, an intervention notifying a nurse of the risk did not result in improvement in these outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:236–242. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
MRI: From science to society
Authors: Lee Vivian S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this 2012 ISMRM Lauterbur Lecture, my goal is to challenge the members of the ISMRM to think critically about how we approach our research. From the perspective of a leader of an academic health sciences center, which is also a health care delivery system, I address three specific questions:
Are we developing great technologies?
Are we advancing scientific knowledge?
Are we advancing human health?
Specifically, with respect to increasing pressure in health care to improve patient outcomes and lower costs, I ask members to consider how we select the areas of research we focus on and whether we have sufficiently prioritized research that assesses the impact of our MR methods on patient outcomes. For imaging research to meet higher standards of evidence‐based medicine, multicenter consortia should be developed, potentially under the auspices of the ISMRM, and priority should be given to developing investigators with expertise in health services research. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:753–760. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging early stage osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Corn David J. , Kim Yunhui , Krebs Melissa D. , Mounts Troy , Molter Joseph , Gerson Stanton , Alsberg Eben , Dennis James E. , Lee Zhenghong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), contribute to bone fracture repair if they are delivered to the injury site. However, it is difficult to assess the retention and differentiation of these cells after implantation. Current options for non‐invasively tracking the transplanted stem cells are limited. Cell‐based therapies using MSCs would benefit greatly through the use of an imaging methodology that allows cells to be tracked in vivo and in a timely fashion. In this study, we implemented an in vivo imaging methodology to specifically track early events such as differentiation of implanted human MSCs (hMSCs). This system uses the collagen type 1 (Col1α1) promoter to drive expression of firefly luciferase (luc) in addition to a constitutively active promoter to drive the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The resulting dual‐promoter reporter gene system provides the opportunity for osteogenic differentiation‐specific luc expression for in vivo imaging and constitutive expression of GFP for cell sorting. The function of this dual‐promoter reporter gene was validated both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the ability of this dual‐promoter reporter system to image an early event of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was demonstrated in a murine segmental bone defect model in which reporter‐labeled hMSCs were seeded into an alginate hydrogel scaffold and implanted directly into the defect. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to visualize the turn‐on of Col1α1 upon osteogenic differentiation and followed by X‐ray imaging to assess the healing process for correlation with histological analyses. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res XX:XXX–XXX, 2013 © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 871–879, 2013
Study of Raman scattering and luminescence properties of orchil dye for its nondestructive identification on artworks
Authors: Rosi F. , Clementi C. , Paolantoni M. , Romani A. , Pellegrino R. , Brunetti B. G. , Nowik W. , Miliani C. 
Published: February 2013

Ultraviolet and visible (UV‐vis) fluorescence and subtracted shifted Raman spectroscopy have exploited to identify orchil in a fragment from the ninth century Bible de Théodulphe and a parchment fragment sampled from a 16th century map of Auvergne.Orchil is a purple lichen dye widely used since ancient times in place of the more expensive Tyrian purple and therefore known as the ‘poor person's purple’. Unlike the latter, orchil has a low lightfastness, and in ancient works, it is often faded. Orchil is a complex mixture of different coloured compounds, and they all share a common structure resulting from phenoxazone with a number of different substituents. In this work, UV‐vis fluorescence combined with resonance Raman spectroscopy allowed for the identification of orchil in a fragment from the ninth century Bible de Théodulphe. Raman spectroscopy has been applied also for studying a parchment fragment sampled from a 16th century map of Auvergne. In both cases, subtracted shifted Raman spectroscopy (SSRS) has been exploited for removing the strong fluorescence background. Overall results have been confirmed by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/ QTOF‐MS).Both the electronic and vibrational spectral features of ancient orchil showed some interesting differences with respect to those of the standard sample. Taking into account the poor lightfastness of the purple dye, the same investigation has been carried out on photochemically aged orchil reproducing the spectral modification observed on the ancient fragments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting Relationship Marketing of Tour Leaders’ Blog: The Role of Charisma
Authors: Tsaur Sheng‐Hshiung , Wu Der‐Huang , Yen Chang‐Hua , Wu Ming‐Hsiu 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWhether blogs possess relationship marketing outcomes is a subject that has not been analyzed empirically. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between blog function characteristics and relationship marketing outcomes as well as to clarify the role of tour leaders’ charisma. Online survey data from 415 customers indicate that blog function characteristics have a positive effect on relationship marketing outcomes. Tour leaders’ charisma also has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between blog function characteristics and relationship marketing outcomes. Implications of these findings as well as future research are subsequently discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy – from basic studies to biomedical applications
Authors: Svanberg Sune 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe recently introduced Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) technique provides novel possibilities for analysis in biophotonics. Free gas in pores or cavities is monitored with narrow‐band laser radiation, which can discern the gas absorptive imprints which are typically several orders of magnitude more narrow than the features of the surrounding tissue through which the diffusely scattered light emerges to the detector. Important gases monitored are oxygen and water vapour. Applications include diagnosis of human sinus cavities and surveillance of neonatal children, but also characterization of food‐stuffs, food packages and pharmaceutical preparations. Non‐biological applications include the study of construction materials such as wood, polystyrene foams and ceramics. For nano‐porous materials, information on the pore sizes can be obtained from observed line broadening. Apart from concentration measurements, the GASMAS technique also allows the study of gas transport and diffusion, and pressure and temperature information can also be obtained.
Dielectric‐loaded plasmonic waveguide components: Going practical
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Gosciniak Jacek , Volkov Valentyn S. , Papaioannou Sotirios , Kalavrouziotis Dimitrios , Vyrsokinos Konstantinos , Weeber Jean‐Claude , Hassan Karim , Markey Laurent , Dereux Alain , Tekin Tolga , Waldow Michael , Apostolopoulos Dimitrios , Avramopoulos Hercules , Pleros Nikos , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSurface plasmon propagating modes supported by metal/dielectric interfaces in various configurations can be used for radiation guiding similarly to conventional dielectric waveguides. Plasmonic waveguides offer two attractive features: subdiffraction mode confinement and the presence of conducting elements at the mode‐field maximum. The first feature can be exploited to realize ultrahigh density of nanophotonics components, whereas the second feature enables the development of dynamic components controlling the plasmon propagation with ultralow signals, minimizing heat dissipation in switching elements. While the first feature is yet to be brought close to the domain of practical applications because of high propagation losses, the second one is already being investigated for bringing down power requirements in optical communication systems. In this review, the latest application‐oriented research on radiation modulation and routing using thermo‐optic dielectric‐loaded plasmonic waveguide components integrated with silicon‐based photonic waveguides is overviewed. Their employment under conditions of real telecommunications is addressed, highlighting challenges and perspectives.
Study of the effect of antimicrobial peptide mimic, CSA‐13, on an established biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Nagant Carole , Pitts Betsey , Stewart Philip S. , Feng Yanshu , Savage Paul B. , Dehaye Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe formation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm, a complex structure enclosing bacterial cells in an extracellular polymeric matrix, is responsible for persistent infections in cystic fibrosis patients leading to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The protective environment created by the tridimensional structure reduces the susceptibility of the bacteria to conventional antibiotherapy. Cationic steroid antibiotics (CSA)‐13, a nonpeptide mimic of antimicrobial peptides with antibacterial activity on planktonic cultures, was evaluated for its ability to interact with sessile cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we demonstrated that the drug damaged bacteria within an established biofilm showing that penetration did not limit the activity of this antimicrobial agent against a biofilm. When biofilms were grown during exposure to shear forces and to a continuous medium flow allowing the development of robust structures with a complex architecture, CSA‐13 reached the bacteria entrapped in the biofilm within 30 min. The permeabilizing effect of CSA‐13 could be associated with the death of the bacteria. In static conditions, the compound did not perturb the architecture of the biofilm. This study confirms the potential of CSA‐13 as a new strategy to combat persistent infections involving biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa.
The treatment of composite defect of bone and soft tissues with a combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior and RIB free flap
Authors: Trignano Emilio , Fallico Nefer , Nitto Agnese , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:Composite defects of bone and soft tissues represent a reconstructive challenge. Several techniques have been described in the medical literature; however, extensive composite defects should be reconstructed with microvascular free tissue transfer. The purpose of this report is to present the use of a composite latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior and rib free flap (LD‐SA/rib) as an alternative procedure in patients who cannot undergo more commonly used vascularized bone‐containing free flap reconstruction.Methods:Since January 2009, 12 patients have undergone bone and soft tissues reconstruction with a composite LD‐SA/rib flap. In this case series, indications for LD‐SA/rib reconstruction were large mandibular defects after oral cancer ablation, scalp defects, and lower extremity defects.Results:All flaps survived entirely. With reference to postoperative complications, haematoma occurred in four patients, scar contractures in three cases, lower lip incontinence in one patient, and local infection in one patient. Skin graft revision was performed in two cases and secondary debulking procedure in three patients. Flap viability was consistent during the 2‐year follow‐up.Conclusions:LD‐SA/rib free flap should be regarded as an effective procedure for reconstruction of composite tissue defects in patients who are not candidates for more commonly used vascularized bone‐containing free flaps. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Evaluation of a non‐invasive monitoring method for free flap breast reconstruction using laser doppler flowmetrie and tissue spectrophotometry
Authors: Rothenberger Jens , Amr Amro , Schaller Hans‐Eberhard , Rahmanian‐Schwarz Afshin 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundDespite advances in the monitoring of free flaps, there is still a demand for new technology to detect ischemic complications at an early stage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of the O2C‐device in terms of detecting flap failure in commonly used perforator flaps for breast reconstruction.MethodsA total of 34 patients undergoing breast reconstruction were involved in this study. The perfusion dynamics of 23 deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps and 11 superior gluteal arterial perforator flaps were assessed using the O2C‐device, which combines a laser light, to determine blood flow (flow), velocity, and white light to determine hemoglobin oxygenation (SO2) and relative amount of hemoglobin (rHB). Measurements were carried out intra‐operatively after clamping and declamping the perforator vessels. In the post‐operative period measurements were carried out every hour for the first 48 hours and from 3rd to 7th for every 2 hours. These dates were compared to findings of clinical assessment.ResultsSeveral intra‐operative measurements, during the clamping and declamping the different perforator vessels, revealed a high correlation for all parameters: Flow (r = 0.89, P < 0. 05), Velo (r = 0.92, P < 0. 05), SO2 (r =0.84, P <0. 05), and rHB (r =0.83 P < 0.05). Vessel occlusion was detected in five cases, of which three were due to arterial thrombosis and two further cases were due to venous occlusion. Of the five cases, one flap loss caused by venous occlusion was noted.ConclusionThe O2C‐device seems to be a reliable, objective, and non‐invasive device for the monitoring of free flaps. Thus, it may improve flap survival rates by detecting vascular compromise at an early stage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:350–357, 2013.
Initial clinical evaluation of a non‐contrast‐enhanced MR angiography method in the distal lower extremities
Authors: Priest Andrew Nicholas , Joubert Ilse , Winterbottom Andrew Philip , See Teik Choon , Graves Martin John , Lomas David John 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo report the initial experience and diagnostic performance applying a novel flow‐dependent non‐contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (NCE‐MRA) method, in patients with suspected peripheral vascular disease, in comparison with established contrast‐enhanced MRA (CE‐MRA).MethodsThe lower legs of 34 patients were imaged at 1.5 T with both NCE‐MRA and CE‐MRA. The NCE‐MRA method consisted of a cardiac‐gated balanced‐SSFP sequence with controllable flow‐suppression preparation. Flow‐suppressed and unsuppressed datasets were subtracted to obtain angiograms. Two experienced radiologists assessed both NCE‐MRA and CE‐MRA images, first independently and then in consensus to resolve significant disagreements. Signal loss, vessel conspicuity, vascular disease, venous contamination, artifacts, and diagnostic confidence were assessed.ResultsUsing the CE‐MRA as the “gold standard,” the per‐segment sensitivity and specificity for detection of significant disease were 81.7% and 90.9%, respectively. Mean diagnostic confidence (scale 0–4) was 3.4 for NCE‐MRA and 3.9 for CE‐MRA. Most vessel segments were well visualized but the popliteal arteries often suffered some technique‐related signal loss.ConclusionsThe NCE‐MRA method was able to visualize most vessel segments with good or excellent confidence, few artifacts, and excellent background suppression, giving moderate agreement with CE‐MRA. However, some segments were poorly visualized, probably due to flow profile distortion in these patients. Magn Reson Med 70:1644–1652, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of image heterogeneity using 2D Minkowski functionals detects tumor responses to treatment
Authors: Larkin Timothy J. , Canuto Holly C. , Kettunen Mikko I. , Booth Thomas C. , Hu De‐En , Krishnan Anant S. , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Neves André A. , McLachlan Charles , Hobson Michael P. , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe acquisition of ever increasing volumes of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data has created an urgent need to develop automated and objective image analysis algorithms that can assist in determining tumor margins, diagnosing tumor stage, and detecting treatment response.MethodsWe have shown previously that Minkowski functionals, which are precise morphological and structural descriptors of image heterogeneity, can be used to enhance the detection, in T1‐weighted images, of a targeted Gd3+‐chelate‐based contrast agent for detecting tumor cell death. We have used Minkowski functionals here to characterize heterogeneity in T2‐weighted images acquired before and after drug treatment, and obtained without contrast agent administration.ResultsWe show that Minkowski functionals can be used to characterize the changes in image heterogeneity that accompany treatment of tumors with a vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin A4‐phosphate, and with a cytotoxic drug, etoposide.ConclusionsParameterizing changes in the heterogeneity of T2‐weighted images can be used to detect early responses of tumors to drug treatment, even when there is no change in tumor size. The approach provides a quantitative and therefore objective assessment of treatment response that could be used with other types of MR image and also with other imaging modalities. Magn Reson Med 71:402–410, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.