bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illusions of Learning: Irrelevant Emotions Inflate Judgments of Learning
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. , Alquist Jessica L. , Vohs Kathleen D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPeople use assessments of how much they have learned to choose and recommend instructors, seminars, and weekend trips. How do people assess how much they have learned? Recent theorizing has depicted emotion as a cue for learning, and so people may be misled by recent emotional states to infer that they have learned more than they actually have. Four studies showed that people associated emotion with learning and believed, often falsely, that they learned more when in an emotional than unemotional state. Factual lessons were coupled with manipulations of arbitrary, irrelevant emotional states. Participants rated that they learned more after an emotion had been induced than in emotionally neutral control conditions. These differences remained significant after controlling for actual learning as measured by objective tests, which was unaffected by emotion. This illusion of learning caused by emotion was robust with respect to changes of procedure and sample, including whether the emotion came before or after the information to be learned. Alternative explanations were ruled out, including that emotion would intensify ratings generally, that emotion would make incoming information seem particularly personally relevant, that emotion increased engagement in the research, and that illusory learning would depend on retrospective exaggeration of one's prior ignorance. Because irrelevant emotions can increase people's judgments that they have learned something, incidental emotional experiences could increase a person's likelihood of deciding to take another class with a particular instructor, to sign up for another leadership seminar, or to engage in a risky (but emotion‐filled) excursion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent Protein Biosensor for Probing CDK/Cyclin Activity in vitro and in Living Cells
Authors: Van Thi Nhu Ngoc , Pellerano Morgan , Lykaso Sophie , Morris May C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) play an essential role in the coordination of cell cycle progression and transcriptional regulation; hyperactivation is associated with cancer. However there are few means of measuring their activity in a physiological context or their inhibition in response to therapeutics. To this aim we engineered a modular fluorescent protein biosensor that reports on phosphorylation by CDK/cyclins through real‐time changes in fluorescence intensity. This allowed a comparison of enzymatic activity of recombinant kinases, monitoring inhibition by small molecules, and probing endogenous activities in lysates from healthy and cancer cell lines in a sensitive and quantitative fashion. This versatile tool was further implemented to probe the oscillatory activity of these kinases throughout the cell cycle by time‐lapse imaging and ratiometric fluorescence quantification, following delivery of a red fluorescent protein fusion mediated by cell‐penetrating peptides.
Chemically Unprecedented Biocatalytic (AuaG) Retro‐[2,3]‐Wittig Rearrangement: A New Insight into Aurachin B Biosynthesis
Authors: Katsuyama Yohei , Li Xu‐Wen , Müller Rolf , Nay Bastien 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAuaG is flavin‐dependent monooxygenase responsible for the conversion of aurachin C to aurachin B, a reaction thought to resemble semipinacol migration of the farnesyl substituent. A study of the substrate tolerance of AuaG reveals that it has the peculiar ability to oxidise short‐chain analogues of aurachin D. Unexpectedly, a novel retro‐[2,3]‐Wittig rearrangement was observed with an isoprenyl substrate analogue, thus leading to the 1,1‐dimethylallyl ether. Additionally, we found that saturated‐chain analogues of N‐oxidised aurachin C were not transformed by the C3→C4 semipinacol reaction, as might have been expected for such substrates. Based on this and the unique retro‐[2,3]‐Wittig rearrangement, we discuss an alternative biosynthetic route for the conversion of aurachin C to aurachin B.
Predictors and clinical impact of pre‐existing and acquired thrombocytopenia following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Flaherty Michael P. , Mohsen Amr , Moore Joseph B. , Bartoli Carlo R. , Schneibel Erik , Rawasia Wasiq , Williams Matthew L. , Grubb Kendra J. , Hirsch Glenn A. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundData are limited regarding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)‐related thrombocytopenia (TP). We sought to thoroughly characterize the presence, clinical impact, and severity of TP associated with TAVR.Methods and ResultsData were collected from 90 patients who underwent TAVR using the Edwards SAPIEN valve (59 TF, 29 TA, 2 Tao). Platelet counts were evaluated peri‐procedurally and for 8 days following TAVR. Platelet levels were compared and patients were divided into a no TP (No‐TP) group 1, acquired (new) TP (NTP) group 2, pre‐existing (pre‐TAVR) TP (PTP) group 3, and further stratified based on the severity of TP: mild (M) TP (100–149 × 103 cell/µL) and moderate–severe (MS) TP (<100 × 103 cell/µL). Pre‐TAVR point prevalence and post‐TAVR incidence of TP were 40% and 79%, respectively (P < 0.001); nadir platelet count in all groups occurred day 4 post‐TAVR. Baseline predictors for developing MS TP in groups 2–3 included baseline TP, leaner body mass, smaller pre‐procedural aortic valve area, higher peak aortic jet velocity, and worsening baseline renal function. Development of “major” TP (nadir platelet count <100 × 103 cell/µL, ≥50% decrease) predicted a higher risk of major vascular complications (OR 2.78 [95% CI, 1.58–3.82]) and major bleeding (OR 3.18 [95% CI, 1.33–5.42]) in group 3.ConclusionTAVR‐related TP is predictable and classification by PTP and TP severity prior to TAVR allows for better risk stratification in predicting in‐hospital clinical outcomes. Major TP in the presence of worsening TP is predictable and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding Nano‐Impacts: Binary Nature of Charge Transfer during Mediated Reactions
Authors: Kätelhön Enno , Compton Richard G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report mediated charge transfer across a nanoparticle that Faradaically interacts with its surrounding solution while impacting on an electrochemically inactive electrode. To this end, two different aspects of the process are elucidated and interconnected: The Faradaic reaction at the particle surface and electron tunnelling between the electrode and the particle. Results demonstrate that the charge transfer can be described through a binary model, in which the current switches between the limiting Faradaic current and no current at all as a function of the electrode–particle distance, while the response is largely unrelated to the analyte’s formal potential. This finding allows a significantly simplified modelling approach in future studies.
Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Hetero‐Bimetallacycles for Anticancer Potency by Intracellular Release
Authors: Mishra Anurag , Chang Lee Seung , Kaushik Neha , Cook Timothy R. , Choi Eun Ha , Kumar Kaushik Nagendra , Stang Peter J. , Chi Ki‐Whan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo new tetracationic hetero‐bimetallacycles, compounds 4 and 5, have been constructed from an N,N′‐bis(4‐(pyridin‐4‐ylethynyl)phenyl)pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide ligand (1), and cis‐blocked complexes [M(dppf)(OTf)2] (dppf=1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate; M=Pd (2), Pt (3)) in CH3NO2/CH2Cl2 (1:1) solvent. Both complexes were isolated with adequate yields as triflate salts and were then characterized using 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and high‐resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR‐ESMS). The molecular structure of 4 was determined by molecular mechanics force‐field calculations. The cytotoxic effect of both new complexes were analyzed against T98G (brain tumor), KB (head and neck cancer), SNU‐80 (thyroid cancer), and HEK‐293 non‐malignant cell lines. The cytotoxicity of complexes 4 and 5 were found to be considerably more effective against cancer cells than reference drug cisplatin. Annexin‐V/PI staining, caspase‐3/7 activity, and the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential justify a significant level of apoptosis in complex‐treated cells.
Tuning the Cellular Uptake Properties of Luminescent Heterobimetallic Iridium(III)–Ruthenium(II) DNA Imaging Probes
Authors: Wragg Ashley , Gill Martin R. , Turton David , Adams Harry , Roseveare Thomas M. , Smythe Carl , Su Xiaodi , Thomas Jim A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of two new luminescent dinuclear IrIII–RuII complexes containing tetrapyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c:3′′,2′′‐h:2′′′,3′′′‐j]phenazine (tpphz) as the bridging ligand is reported. Unlike many other complexes incorporating cyclometalated IrIII moieties, these complexes display good water solubility, allowing the first cell‐based study on IrIII–RuII bioprobes to be carried out. Photophysical studies indicate that emission from each complex is from a RuII excited state and both complexes display significant in vitro DNA‐binding affinities. Cellular studies show that each complex is rapidly internalised by HeLa cells, in which they function as luminescent nuclear DNA‐imaging agents for confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the uptake and nuclear targeting properties of the complex incorporating cyclometalating 2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)pyridine ligands around its IrIII centre is enhanced in comparison to the non‐fluorinated analogue, indicating that fluorination may provide a route to promote cell uptake of transition‐metal bioprobes.
Nucleoside Mono‐ and Diphosphate Prodrugs of 2′,3′‐Dideoxyuridine and 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐2′,3′‐didehydrouridine
Authors: Pertenbreiter Florian , Balzarini Jan , Meier Chris 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDespite their close structural similarity to nucleoside analogues such as the anti‐HIV drugs AZT and d4T, 2′,3′‐dideoxyuridine (ddU) and 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐2′,3′‐didehydrouridine (d4U) are entirely inactive against HIV in their nucleoside form. However, it has been shown that the corresponding triphosphates of these two nucleosides can effectively block HIV reverse transcriptase. Herein we report on two types of nucleotide prodrugs (cycloSal and DiPPro nucleotides) of ddU and d4U to investigate their ability to overcome insufficient intracellular phosphorylation, which may be the reason behind their low anti‐HIV activity. The release of the corresponding mono‐ and diphosphates from these compounds was demonstrated by hydrolysis studies in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) and human CD4+ T‐lymphocyte CEM cell extracts. Surprisingly, however, these compounds showed low or no anti‐HIV activity in tests with human CD4+ T‐lymphocyte CEM cells. Studies of the conversion of ddUDP and d4UDP into their triphosphate metabolites by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) showed nearly no conversion of either diphosphate, which may be the reason for low intracellular triphosphate levels that result in low antiviral activity.
Attitudes toward molecular testing for personalized cancer therapy
Authors: Yusuf Rafeek A. , Rogith Deevakar , Hovick Shelly R. A. , Peterson Susan K. , Burton‐Chase Allison M. , Fellman Bryan M. , Li Yisheng , McKinney Carolyn , Bernstam Elmer V. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDThis study assessed attitudes of breast cancer patients toward molecular testing for personalized therapy and research.METHODSA questionnaire was given to female breast cancer patients presenting to a cancer center. Associations between demographic and clinical variables and attitudes toward molecular testing were evaluated.RESULTSThree hundred eight patients were approached, and 100 completed the questionnaire (a 32% response rate). Most participants were willing to undergo molecular testing to assist in the selection of approved drugs (81%) and experimental therapy (59%) if testing was covered by insurance. Most participants were white (71%). Even if testing was financially covered, nonwhite participants were less willing to undergo molecular testing for the selection of approved drugs (54% of nonwhites vs 90% of whites, odds ratio [OR] = 0.13, P = .0004) or experimental drugs (35% vs 68%, OR = 0.26, P = .0072). Most participants (75%) were willing to undergo a biopsy to guide therapy, and 46% were willing to undergo research biopsies. Nonwhite participants were less willing to undergo research biopsies (17% vs 55%, OR = 0.17, P = .0033). Most participants wanted to be informed when research results had implications for treatment (91%), new cancer risk (90%), and other preventable/treatable diseases (87%).CONCLUSIONSMost patients were willing to undergo molecular testing and minimally invasive procedures to guide approved or experimental therapy. There were significant differences in attitudes toward molecular testing between racial groups; nonwhites were less willing to undergo testing even if the results would guide their own therapy. Novel approaches are needed to prevent disparities in the delivery of genomically informed care and to increase minority participation in biomarker‐driven trials. Cancer 2015;121:243–50. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Provider‐based research networks may improve early access to innovative colon cancer treatment for African Americans treated in the community
Authors: Penn Dolly C. , Chang YunKyung , Meyer Anne‐Marie , DeFilippo Mack Christina , Sanoff Hanna K. , Stitzenberg Karyn B. , Carpenter William R. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDAfrican American (AA) patients with colon cancer (CC) experience worse outcomes than whites partly due to differential treatment. The National Cancer Institute's Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP), a provider‐based research network, adopts and diffuses innovative CC treatments quickly. The authors hypothesized that CCOP participation would lessen racial differences in the receipt of oxaliplatin, an innovative treatment for CC, among patients with stage III CC in the community.METHODSUsing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data, the authors performed a population‐based retrospective cohort study of AA and white individuals aged ≥66 years who were diagnosed with AJCC stage III CC from 2003 through 2005. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the odds of receiving an oxaliplatin‐containing regimen. Predicted probabilities of oxaliplatin receipt for race‐CCOP combinations were calculated. The absolute difference in oxaliplatin receipt between races was estimated using the interaction contrast ratio.RESULTSOf 2971 included individuals, 36% received oxaliplatin, 29.5% were CCOP‐affiliated, and 7.6% were AA. On multivariate analysis, early diffusion of oxaliplatin was not found to be associated with race or CCOP participation. The probability of receiving oxaliplatin for AAs participating in a CCOP (0.46) was nearly double that of AAs who were not participating in a CCOP (0.25; P <.05). For white individuals, the probabilities of receiving oxaliplatin did not differ by CCOP participation. For oxaliplatin receipt, the joint effects assessment suggested a greater benefit of CCOP participation among AAs (interaction contrast ratio, 1.7).CONCLUSIONSAmong older patients with stage III CC, there is a differential impact of race on oxaliplatin receipt depending on CCOP participation. AAs treated by CCOPs were more likely to receive oxaliplatin than AAs treated elsewhere. Provider‐based research networks may facilitate early access to innovative treatment for AAs with stage III CC. Cancer 2015;121:93–101. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Connections of the commissural nucleus of Cajal in the goldfish, with special reference to the topographic organization of ascending visceral sensory pathways
Authors: Uezono Shiori , Yamada Yusuke , Kato Takeshi , Abe Hideki , Yamamoto Naoyuki 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe primary general visceral nucleus of teleosts is called the commissural nucleus of Cajal (NCC). The NCC of goldfish has been divided into the medial (NCCm) and lateral (NCCl) subnuclei that receive inputs from subdiaphragmatic gastrointestinal tract and the posterior pharynx, respectively. Fiber connections of the NCC were examined by tract‐tracing methods in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Tracer injections into the NCC suggested that the NCC projects directly not only to the secondary visceral sensory region in the rhombencephalic isthmus and other brain stem centers, but also to the forebrain, similar to the situations in mammals, birds, and the Nile tilapia. Although fiber connections of the NCCm and NCCl were basically similar, the NCCm was the more important source of ascending general visceral fibers to the forebrain. Topographic organization was recognized regarding projections to the isthmic secondary visceral sensory zone; input from the NCCm is represented in the secondary general visceral sensory nucleus, while input from the NCCl in the lateral edge of the secondary gustatory nucleus. Moreover, specific injections into different regions of the vagal lobe revealed that the dorsomedio–ventrolateral axis of the lobe is represented in the lateromedial axis of the secondary gustatory nucleus. These observations suggest fine topographic organization of ascending visceral sensory pathways to the isthmic secondary centers. It should also be noted that the reception of primary afferents from the posterior pharynx and projections to the secondary gustatory nucleus suggest that the NCCl may be regarded as a gustatory rather than a general visceral sensory structure. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:209–225, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Applicability of Compact Excitation Light Source to Detection of Thermally Grown Oxide Layer in Thermal Barrier Coating for Gas Turbines
Authors: Fukuchi Tetsuo , Eto Shuzo , Okada Mitsutoshi , Fujii Tomoharu 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYA compact, continuous wave laser was applied to detection of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer in a thermal barrier coating (TBC) for gas turbine high‐temperature components by photoluminescence. Experiments were conducted using TBC specimens heated in air to artificially produce a TGO layer. For specimens heated at 1100 °C, the photoluminescence intensity increased with heating time, whereas for specimens heated at 1000 °C, the photoluminescence intensity did not increase beyond 100 h. The results indicate that the formation of the TGO layer is strongly dependent on the temperature. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of the specimen cross section confirmed the formation of the TGO layer after heating for 100 h at 1100 °C. The applicability of a compact laser to TGO layer detection allows the development of a simple TGO detection system, which can be used in screening for the detailed inspection of delamination.
Toxicity of sulfate and chloride to early life stages of wild rice (Zizania palustris)
Authors: Fort Douglas J. , Mathis Michael B. , Walker Rachel , Tuominen Lindsey K. , Hansel Mike , Hall Scott , Richards Robin , Grattan S.R. , Anderson Kurt 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Despite the importance of wild rice (Zizania palustris) in the Great Lakes region of North America, its sensitivity to sulfate is not well understood. A 21-d hydroponic experiment was performed to determine the toxicity of sulfate to wild rice seeds and seedlings. Effects of 6 sulfate concentrations ranging from 10 mg/L to 5000 mg/L and of chloride salts at equivalent conductivity were evaluated to determine whether adverse effects were attributable to sulfate or to conductivity-related stress. Sulfate treatment decreased root length, shoot length, and leaf number, and increased phytotoxic effects at concentrations of 5000 mg/L relative to a 50 mg/L control. The time to 30% mesocotyl emergence decreased at 2500 mg/L sulfate, indicating a potential stimulatory effect. Sulfate exposures of ≤5000 mg/L had no effect on 5 additional end points. Multiple regression analysis indicated that most observed changes could be attributed to conductivity-related stress rather than sulfate per se, with the exception of shoot length and leaf number. Chloride was more toxic than sulfate, as determined by root length and phytotoxicity. In summary, sulfate concentrations below 5000 mg/L did not adversely affect early–life stage wild rice during a 21-d period, and effects at 5000 mg/L sulfate were attributable to conductivity-related stress rather than sulfate toxicity in 2 of 4 end points. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2802–2809. © 2014 SETAC
Sponges as sentinels: Metal accumulation using transplanted sponges across a metal gradient
Authors: Davis Andrew R. , de Mestre Corrine , Maher William , Krikowa Frank , Broad Allison 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

To be effective sentinels, organisms must be able to be readily translocated to contamination hotspots. The authors sought to assess metal accumulation in genetically identical explants of a relatively common estuarine sponge, Suberites cf. diversicolor. Explants were transplanted to 7 locations across a metal contamination gradient in a large coastal estuary in southeastern Australia to establish, first, that explants of this species could be successfully translocated; second, that explants accumulated metals (cadmium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc) sufficiently rapidly to be effective sentinels; third, that rates of metal accumulation in explants were in agreement with metal concentrations within sediments (&lt;63-µm fraction) at each of the transplant locations; and finally, that changes in explant biomass correlated with overall metal load. Suberites were readily transplanted, with no mortality observed for the 2 mo of transplantation. Metal accumulation for lead, cadmium, and zinc was in close agreement with sediment metal concentrations, and explants showed dramatic increases in these metals in the heavily contaminated northern sections of the estuarine lake. No striking patterns were apparent for copper and selenium. Finally, growth was negatively correlated with total metal load and standardized total metal load in our explants. Taken together, these outcomes confirm that explants of this sponge are amenable to translocation and show considerable promise as biomonitors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2818–2825. © 2014 SETAC