bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose cytarabine and aclarubicin combined with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor for the treatment of relapsed or primary refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study of 25 Chinese patients
Authors: Xue Sheng‐Li , Cui Hong‐Xia , Zou Jing‐Ying , Xue Meng‐Xing , Tang Xiao‐Wen , Zhang Yan‐Ming , Wu De‐Pei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDespite improvements in treatment, the prognosis of relapsed or primary refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) remains poor, and outcomes are worse in older adults with the short first complete remission (CR). Attainment of the second CR by salvage therapy would improve the survival of these patients and may enable them to undergo curative treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The fact that there are diverse salvage protocols for these adult patients but without a striking CR‐induction efficacy indicates that efforts are still needed to indentify new effective reinduction regimens. In this study, the CAG regimen (cytarabine, 10 mg/m2 subcutaneously every 12 h on days 1–14; aclarubicin, 5–7 mg/m2 intravenously daily on days 1–8; and concurrent granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, 200 µg/m2/day subcutaneously) was administered to 25 patients with relapsed or refractory ALL, including 11 T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) and 14 B‐cell (B‐ALL) patients (age range, 11–61 years; median age, 26 years), to assess its efficacy as a salvage therapy. One course of the CAG regimen resulted in an overall response [CR or partial remission (PR)] rate of 64%, a CR rate of 56% and generally mild adverse effects. An overall response was observed in all 11 T‐ALL patients (10 CR and 1 PR) and 35.7% of B‐ALL patients (p = 0.0009). The significant treatment potential of CAG regimen for relapsed or primary refractory ALL, especially for T‐ALL patients, described in this report would prepare them for a second CR to pursue longer survival. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy reveals unique phenotypes for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell lines and their progeny
Authors: Cao Julie , Ng Elizabeth S. , McNaughton Don , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G. , Tobin Mark J. , Heraud Philip 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was employed to elucidate the macromolecular phenotype of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their differentiated progeny. Undifferentiated hESCs and hiPSC lines were found to be not clearly distinguishable from each other. However, although both hESC and hiPSC variants appeared to undergo similar changes during differentiation in terms of cell surface antigens, the derived cell types from all cell lines could be discriminated using FTIR spectroscopy. We foresee a possible future role for FTIR microspectroscopy as a powerful and objective investigative and quality control tool in regenerative medicine. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bilirubin: an autofluorescence bile biomarker for liver functionality monitoring
Authors: Croce Anna C. , Ferrigno Andrea , Santin Giada , Vairetti Mariapia , Bottiroli Giovanni 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExcitation at 366–465 nm of bilirubin in aqueous solution with solubilizing agents results in emission spectra composed by two main bands. The variation of their relative contributions as shown by changes in the spectral shape are consistent with the bilirubin bichromophore nature. This latter accounts for an exciton‐coupling phenomenon, intramolecular interchromophore energy transfer efficiency being affected by microenvironment. Excitation at 366 nm, despite the poor absorption of bilirubin, gives rise to appreciable emission signals from both pure compounds and bile – collected from functionally altered rat livers – favouring the spectral shape response to environment and molecular conformation changes. As compared to the merely bile flow estimation, real‐time detection of fluorescence, revealing composition variations, improves near‐UV optical‐biopsy diagnostic potential in hepatology. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a new laboratory technique for high‐temperature thermal emission spectroscopy of silicate melts
Authors: Lee Rachel J. , Ramsey Michael S. , King Penelope L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWith the prevalence of glass and molten silicates in volcanic environments, and the important role of surface emissivity in thermal infrared (TIR) measurements, it is imperative to characterize accurately the spectral features associated with silicate glasses and melts. A microfurnace has been developed specifically for use with a laboratory Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to collect the first in situ TIR emission spectra of actively melting and cooling silicate glasses. The construction, implementation, and calibration of the microfurnace spectrometer system are presented here. Initial testing of the microfurnace is also discussed, which includes acquisition of thermal emission spectra of a quartz powder (unmelted), a melted and cooled oligoclase feldspar, and glassy melt of rhyolitic composition. Unlike a solid material, which may only have bending and stretching vibrations within its molecular structure, a fully molten material will exhibit several more degrees of freedom in structural movement, thus changing its spectral character. Differences in spectral behavior and morphology are observed between a glass in a solid state and its molten counterpart, confirming previous field measurements of lower emissivity upon melting. This laboratory microfurnace system has been designed to quantify the TIR emission spectral behavior of glassy materials in various physical states. Ultimately, it is hoped that the microfurnace data will help improve the ability of field‐based, airborne, and spaceborne TIR data to characterize glassy volcanic terranes.
The 3‐D distribution of random velocity inhomogeneities in southwestern Japan and the western part of the Nankai subduction zone
Authors: Takahashi Tsutomu , Obana Koichiro , Yamamoto Yojiro , Nakanishi Ayako , Kodaira Shuichi , Kaneda Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSeismic waves at high frequencies (>1 Hz) show collapsed and broadened wave trains caused by multiple scattering in the lithosphere. This study analyzed the envelopes of direct S waves in southwestern Japan and on the western side of the Nankai trough and estimated the spatial distribution of random inhomogeneities by assuming a von Kármán type power spectral density function (PSDF). Strongly inhomogeneous media have been mostly imaged at shallow depth (0–20 km depth) in the onshore area of southwestern Japan, and their PSDF is represented as P(m) ≈ 0.05m−3.7 km3, with m being the spatial wave number, whereas most of the other area shows weak inhomogeneities of which PSDF is P(m) ≈ 0.005m−4.5 km3. At Hyuga‐nada in Nankai trough, there is an anomaly of inhomogeneity of which PSDF is estimated as P(m) ≈ 0.01m−4.5 km3. This PSDF has the similar spectral gradient with the weakly inhomogeneous media, but has larger power spectral density than other offshore areas. This anomalous region is broadly located in the subducted Kyushu Palau ridge, which was identified by using velocity structures and bathymetry, and it shows no clear correlation with the fault zones of large earthquakes in past decades. These spatial correlations suggest that possible origins of inhomogeneities at Hyuga‐nada are ancient volcanic activity in the oceanic plate or deformed structures due to the subduction of the Kyushu Palau ridge.
Comparison of precipitation isotope variability across the tropical Pacific in observations and SWING2 model simulations
Authors: Conroy Jessica L. , Cobb Kim M. , Noone David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProbing the dynamics of the Earth's hydrologic cycle benefits from the use of isotope‐equipped global climate models. However, isotope model simulations are not often compared together, along with existing observations, to assess the distribution of simulated stable isotope variability. Here we evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of tropical Pacific precipitation isotope variability in global climate models from the second Stable Water Isotope Intercomparison Group experiment and in observations. The tropical Pacific is home to many isotope‐based proxies of paleoclimatic change, and as such is an important target for such model‐data comparisons. We find spatial and temporal examples of precipitation‐isotope mismatches, highlighting that factors beyond the amount effect influence precipitation isotope variability across the tropical Pacific. The models that best capture mean annual precipitation in the tropical Pacific are not necessarily the models that best simulate the mean annual stable isotopic composition of precipitation. Nudging with reanalysis winds has a small effect on precipitation δ18O values. Model performance and the strength of the relationship between precipitation and precipitation δ18O values varies between the western, central, and eastern equatorial Pacific. In the majority of the simulations, western equatorial Pacific δ18O values are correlated with large‐scale, but not local precipitation, whereas in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, δ18O values are correlated most strongly with regional precipitation. This comparison provides a cautionary note on using results from a single model to assist in interpretation of paleoclimate proxy records.
Roughness and near‐surface density of Mars from SHARAD radar echoes
Authors: Campbell Bruce A. , Putzig Nathaniel E. , Carter Lynn M. , Morgan Gareth A. , Phillips Roger. J. , Plaut Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a technique for estimating Mars topographic roughness on horizontal scales from about 10 m to 100 m using Shallow Radar (SHARAD) sounding data. Our results offer a view of surface properties complementary to Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) pulse‐width or baseline roughness maps and can be compared to SHARAD peak‐echo properties to infer deviations from the average near‐surface density. Latitudinal averaging of SHARAD‐derived roughness over Arabia and Noachis Terrae shows good agreement with MOLA‐derived roughness and provides clear evidence for latitude‐dependent mantling deposits previously inferred from image data. In northwestern Gordii Dorsum, we find that bulk density in at least the upper few meters is significantly lower than in other units of the Medusae Fossae Formation. We observe the same behavior indicative of low near‐surface density in wind‐eroded crater fill in the southern highlands. Combining surface‐properties analysis, subsurface sounding, and high‐resolution optical images, we show that the Pavonis Mons fan‐shaped deposit differs significantly from lobate debris aprons which SHARAD has shown to be ice‐cored. There are no internal radar reflections from the smooth‐facies portion of the Pavonis Mons fan‐shaped deposit, and we suggest that these deposits are either quite thin or have little dielectric (i.e., density) contrast with the underlying terrain. Future application of these techniques can identify other low‐density units across Mars, assist in the mapping of regional volatile‐rich mantling units, and provide new constraints on the physical properties of the polar layered terrain.
Cryovolcanism on Titan: New results from Cassini RADAR and VIMS
Authors: Lopes R. M. C. , Kirk R. L. , Mitchell K. L. , LeGall A. , Barnes J. W. , Hayes A. , Kargel J. , Wye L. , Radebaugh J. , Stofan E. R. , Janssen M. A. , Neish C. D. , Wall S. D. , Wood C. A. , Lunine J. I. , Malaska M. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe existence of cryovolcanic features on Titan has been the subject of some controversy. Here we use observations from the Cassini RADAR, including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, radiometry, and topographic data as well as compositional data from the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) to reexamine several putative cryovolcanic features on Titan in terms of likely processes of origin (fluvial, cryovolcanic, or other). We present evidence to support the cryovolcanic origin of features in the region formerly known as Sotra Facula, which includes the deepest pit so far found on Titan (now known as Sotra Patera), flow‐like features (Mohini Fluctus), and some of the highest mountains on Titan (Doom and Erebor Montes). We interpret this region to be a cryovolcanic complex of multiple cones, craters, and flows. However, we find that some other previously supposed cryovolcanic features were likely formed by other processes. Cryovolcanism is still a possible formation mechanism for several features, including the flow‐like units in Hotei Regio. We discuss implications for eruption style and composition of cryovolcanism on Titan. Our analysis shows the great value of combining data sets when interpreting Titan's geology and in particular stresses the value of RADAR stereogrammetry when combined with SAR imaging and VIMS.
Effect of continued nitrogen enrichment on greenhouse gas emissions from a wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China: A 5 year nitrogen addition experiment
Authors: Song Changchun , Wang Lili , Tian Hanqin , Liu Deyan , Lu Chaoqun , Xiaofeng Xu  , Zhang Lihua , Yang Guisheng , Wan Zhongmei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMounting evidence supports that wetland ecosystems, one of the largest carbon pools on the earth, are exposed to ample nitrogen (N) additions due to atmospheric deposition or N loading from upstream agricultural fertilizer application. However, our understanding of how N enrichment affects the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in wetlands is weak. A 5 year N addition experiment was conducted to examine the responses of CH4 and N2O fluxes as well as ecosystem respiration from wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, through 2005 to 2009. Four levels of N addition (control, 0 kg N ha−1 yr−1; low‐level, 60 kg N ha−1 yr−1; medium‐level, 120 kg N ha−1 yr−1; high‐level, 240 kg N ha−1 yr−1) were designed in this study. Overall, our results show that medium and high levels of N addition increased ecosystem respiration by 28% and 69% (P < 0.05), respectively, while low‐level N addition has no effect on ecosystem respiration (P > 0.05). High‐level N fertilization exerted stronger effects on ecosystem respiration in the initial year than the following years. It indicated that the effects of high‐level N fertilization on CO2 might be overestimated by short‐term observations. High‐level N fertilization increased N2O emissions by 396% over the 5 years (P < 0.05), but the low‐ and medium‐level‐N addition did not exert any apparent effect on N2O emissions (P > 0.05). N2O emission under high‐level N addition in the first and fifth years showed stronger pronounced responses to N addition compared with that from the third and fourth years, indicating the importance of long‐term field observation. Over the 5 years, however, the low and medium‐level N addition showed no effect on N2O emissions. The four levels of N addition exerted no effect on CH4 emissions (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between GHGs and soil temperature or water table depth varied among different plots and experimental time. Our findings highlighted the importance of gas species, experimental time, and the amount of fertilizer N with regard to the responses of GHG emissions to N fertilization.
The role of supervisor political skill in mentoring: Dual motivational perspectives
Authors: Sun Li‐Yun , Pan Wen , Chow Irene Hau Siu 
Published: April 2013

SummaryDrawing on self‐determination and self‐concept‐based theories, this study investigated the mediating effects of psychological empowerment and organization‐based self‐esteem on the relationship between supervisory mentoring and employee performance and the moderating effect of supervisor political skill on the direct and first stage of the indirect effects. Data were obtained from a sample of 330 subordinate–supervisor dyads from the People's Republic of China. Using PROCESS of conditional indirect effect, we found support for the moderated direct and indirect effects of supervisory mentoring. First, supervisor political skill moderates the direct effect of supervisory mentoring on employee promotability. Second, supervisor political skill moderates the indirect effect of supervisory mentoring on the following: (i) employee promotability via both psychological empowerment and organization‐based self‐esteem and (ii) contextual performance only via psychological empowerment. These direct and indirect effects of supervisory mentoring are stronger when supervisors demonstrate a higher level of political skill. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface exposure dating (36Cl and 10Be) of post‐Last Glacial Maximum valley moraines, Lake District, northwest England: some issues and implications
Authors: WILSON PETER , SCHNABEL CHRISTOPH , WILCKEN KLAUS M. , VINCENT PETER J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSurface exposure ages (36Cl and 10Be) have been obtained from 16 boulders at the margins of and within the limits of former valley glaciers at four sites in the Lake District, northwest England. The established view is that the Lake District functioned as an independent centre of ice dispersal during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 26–21 ka) of the Dimlington Stade (≈Greenland Stades 2–3) and that the glacial‐depositional landforms at the sampled sites are products of stillstands or readvances of the ice margins following the LGM. However, several of the apparent 36Cl surface exposure ages pre‐date rather than post‐date the LGM. It is inferred that these boulders retain levels of 36Cl inherited from a previous period of exposure rather than indicating moraine formation prior to the LGM and their subsequent survival beneath LGM ice. An implication is that Lake District glaciers achieved limited erosion of bedrock during the build‐up to and at the maximum of the LGM, and that glacial erosion rates increased at a late stage in that period. Single 36Cl and 10Be exposure ages from two sites suggest a stillstand or readvance of valley glaciers prior to the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stade (LLS; Greenland Stade 1) and Windermere (Lateglacial) Interstade (Greenland Interstade 1), but additional ages are required in order to confirm or refute these individual ages. An LLS age for glacial‐depositional landforms at both these sites had previously been proposed. 36Cl surface exposure ages for boulders on moraines within the LLS limit do not fully support emplacement at that time; there is a possibility that these moraines are associated with a pre‐LLS stillstand or readvance of the valley glacier. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New analytical method for the determination of musks in personal care products by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe extraction followed by GC–MS
Authors: Homem Vera , Avelino Silva José , Cunha Carina , Alves Arminda , Santos Lúcia 
Published: April 2013

Synthetic musks are organic compounds used as fragrance additives and fixative compounds in a diversity of personal care products. A new method based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by GC–MS for the analysis of 12 musks in personal care products was developed and validated. Some experimental parameters, such as total QuEChERS mass, sample mass/solvent volume ratio, type of extraction solvent, as well as salts and sorbents amount were investigated and optimized. The final method involves the musks extraction using acetonitrile, followed by the addition of anhydrous magnesium sulphate and sodium acetate. The clean‐up step was performed using dispersive SPE with primary and secondary amine and octadecyl–silica sorbents. This extraction procedure is fast (about 10 min) when compared to other traditional approaches. The method was robust for the matrices studied and shows a high precision (%RSD < 15%) and accuracy (average recovery of 85%), allowing the detection of musks in minimum concentrations between 0.01 ng/g (galaxolide) and 15.80 ng/g (musk xylene). The developed method was applied to the analysis of 12 samples, which revealed musks concentrations ranging from 2 ng/g (toothpaste) to 882 340 ng/g (perfumed body lotion).
Determination of Rate Constants for Aqueous Reactions of HCFC‐123 and HCFC‐225ca with OH− Along with Henry's Law Constants of Several HCFCs
Authors: Kutsuna Shuzo 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHenry's law constants of six kinds of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were determined at 313–353 K by means of a phase‐ratio variation headspace method: and (KH353 in M atm−1, ΔHsol in kJ mol−1) = (0.0070 ± 0.0006, –23 ± 2), (0.0038 ± 0.0011, –22 ± 10), (0.0065 ± 0.0007, –21 ± 3), (0.0026 ± 0.0007, –23 ± 8), (0.0016 ± 0.0003, –30 ± 4), and (0.0022 ± 0.0003, –25 ± 4), respectively, for HCFC‐141b (CH3CCl2F), HCFC‐142b (CH3CClF2), HCFC‐123 (CF3CHCl2), HCFC‐124 (CF3CHClF), HCFC‐225ca (CF3CF2CHCl2), and HCFC‐225cb (CClF2CF2CHClF). Errors represent two standard deviations only for the fitting. The decay of headspace partial pressures of these HCFCs via hydrolysis was discerned only for CF3CHCl2 and CF3CF2CHCl2 under the experimental conditions examined. Rate constants (kOH– in M−1 s−1) for aqueous reactions of CF3CF2CHCl2 and CF3CHCl2 with OH− at 313–353 K were determined to be and , respectively, from monitoring changes in headspace partial pressure over prescribed concentrations of aqueous NaOH as a function of the headspace time duration and concentration of aqueous NaOH. The calculations performed included consideration of gas–water equilibrium and hydrolysis at both headspace and room temperatures. The calculation for CF3CHCl2 also included consideration of salting‐out effects: The salting coefficient of NaCl on a natural log basis was determined to be 0.36 ± 0.06 M−1, and this value was used for consideration of the salting‐out effect of NaOH. Whereas the activation energy for CF3CF2CHCl2 was greater than that for CF3CHCl2, the kOH– value at 353 K of CF3CF2CHCl2 was 103 times larger than that of CF3CHCl2, indicating that reaction mechanisms for these two HCFCs differed from each other. The aqueous reaction of CF3CF2CHCl2 with OH− was found to proceed through dehydrofluorination on the basis of detection of CF3CFCCl2 as a primary degradation product of the reaction and proportionality of the rate constants to both concentrations of CF3CF2CHCl2 and OH−.
Some General Features in the Autocatalytic Reaction between Sulfite Ion and Different Oxidants
Authors: Molnár István , Takács Nándor , Kurin‐Csörgei Krisztina , Orbán Miklós , Szalai István 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe autocatalytic oxidation of a weak acid is a common building block of the pH oscillators. These reactions can be described by a simple general scheme that includes a protonation equilibrium and the oxidation of the protonated form of the weak acid. Here we show that independently from the chemical nature of the oxidizing agent, these reactions bear some general features, namely (1) the change in pH (ΔpH) observed during the reaction is determined by the acidity constant (KHA) and by the initial concentration of the unprotonated form of the weak acid (A−): , (2) the inflection time of the autocatalytic reaction (ti) depends reciprocally on KHA and on the initial hydrogen ion concentration, and (3) in the presence of a competitive reversible proton‐binding component (D−), that is not involved in the oxidation process, ΔpH follows a titration‐like curve as the concentration of D− is increased, ti is only slightly affected but the maximum rate of the autocatalytic process is significantly reduced. The slowing of the overall reaction is proportional to the acidity constant of the proton‐binding component.