bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Комментарий к решению Международного Суда от 31 января 2024 года по делу о применении Международной конвенции о борьбе с финансированием терроризма и Международной конвенции о ликвидации всех форм расовой дискриминации (Украина пр. Российской Федерации)
Authors: Нальгиев Адам Мухажирович , Польшакова Виктория Владимировна , Гавкалюк Анна Богдановна 
Published: August 2024

В статье анализируются ключевые аспекты решения Международного Суда от 31 января 2024 по делу о применении Международной конвенции о борьбе с финансированием терроризма и Международной конвенции о ликвидации всех форм расовой дискриминации (Украина против Российской Федерации), производство по которому Украина инициировала в связи с событиями 2014 года в Крыму (далее — Решение от 31 января 2024 года). Истец утверждал, что Россия нарушила ряд положений указанных конвенций, в частности уклонившись от сотрудничества в рамках режима Международной конвенции о борьбе с финансированием терроризма (далее — МКБФТ) при расследовании возможных случаев финансирования террористической деятельности, в которой украинская сторона обвиняла вооруженные формирования на территории Донецкой и Луганской Народных республик, а также осуществляя политику расовой дискриминации в отношении крымских татар и этнических украинцев, проживающих на территории Крыма, противоречащую Международной конвенции о ликвидации всех форм расовой дискриминации (далее — МКЛРД). Суд обоснованно отклонил большую часть требований Украины, корректно применив соответствующие положения МКБФТ и МКЛРД и дав взвешенную оценку доказательствам, представленным сторонами. В то же время некоторые выводы Суда представляются непоследовательными. Так, Суд не оценивал содержание возражения России, основанного на доктрине «чистых рук», сославшись лишь на неопределенный статус этой доктрины в международном праве и приведя формальный довод о ее неприменимости на стадии рассмотрения дела по существу. В равной степени сомнительным является и утверждение о презумпции дискриминации этнических украинцев и нарушении их права на получение образования на родном языке, основанное лишь на статистических данных, показывающих, что после 2014 года число учеников, получавших образование на украинском языке, значительно уменьшилось. Тем не менее, сдержанным подходом к аргументам о толковании МКБФТ и МКЛРД и к представленным сторонами доказательствам в Решении от 31 января 2024 года Суд продемонстрировал ясное понимание своей роли, функций и пределов мандата по МКБФТ и МКЛРД.
Data as an enabler for better recycling in a circular economy
Authors: Guo Wei , Li Wan , Song Wei , Friedrich Bernd , Kleinert Tobias 
Published: August 2024

Recycling plays a crucial role in the circular economy (CE), as effective recycling ensures that materials enter a sustainable loop. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has the capability to enhance recycling efficiency and support the development of more comprehensive infrastructure. However, existing value chain (VC) models do not form a closed material and product loop, and there is insufficient information exchange between recyclers and other stakeholders. This paper extends an existing VC model and discusses the information flow required under the background of the CE. It provides a reference model for a value network in a closed material loop, which enhances the traceability of resource use and location. By mapping out the information flow, the model facilitates enhanced communication and coordination among various stakeholders.
The use of vacuum fine needle aspiration biopsy of small formations in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer
Authors: Tagil A. O. , Borsukov A. V. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Diagnosis and treatment of lesional pathology of the thyroid are important problems in Russia and worldwide. Currently, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the main technique of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid. In 2023, clinical guidelines of the European Thyroid Association (ETA) on thyroid lesion treatment were published noting possible minimally invasive treatment of benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid requiring repeat cytologic verification. Despite the proven effectiveness of FNA, its informativity and specificity vary between 60 and 100 %. Additionally, this method is associated with high risk of false negative and false positive results. Therefore, there is a need to improve FNA and minimize its disadvantages.Aim. To evaluate the capabilities of vacuum FNA of small lesions using multiparameter ultrasound in diagnosis of thyroid cancer.Materials and methods. At the scientific and practical problem laboratory Diagnostic Studies and Minimally Invasive Technologies of the Smolensk State Medical University, a device for vacuum FNA was developed. Between 2023 and 2024, patients with thyroid lesions of size <10 mm underwent 25 vacuum FNAs. Correlation analysis with 51 FNAs performed between 2020 and 2023 was performed.Results. A decrease in the number of nondiagnostic (category I per the Bethesda system, 2017) and undetermined (category III per the Bethesda system, 2017) results was observed. Comparison of preoperative cytologic conclusions (category V per the Bethesda system, 2017) with the results of postoperative histological examination in patients of the control group showed benign lesions in 2 (50 %) cases which correspond to false negative results. Vacuum FNA did not show this discrepancy. These results demonstrate a decrease in the probability of false negative results and effectiveness of vacuum FNA.Conclusion. Use of vacuum FNA expedites ultrasound-guided biopsy for small thyroid lesions. Due to high negative pressure (up to –0.8 bar), single-step retrieval of cytologic material is performed which leads to a decrease in the number of nondiagnostic and undetermined cytologic conclusions by 11.7 and 1.9 %, respectively.
Chemoreactomic study of fonturacetam effects: molecular mechanisms of influence on adipose tissue metabolism
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu. 
Published: August 2024

Objective: to conduct chemoreactomic, pharmacoinformatic and chemoneurocytological analyzes of the properties of racetams (piracetam, aniracetam, pramiracetam, levetiracetam, fonturacetam).Material and methods. Chemoreactomic, pharmacoinformatic and chemoneurocytological methods of molecule properties analyzis are based on chemoreactomic methodology – the latest direction in the application of machine learning systems in the field of postgenomic pharmacology. Analysis of pharmacological capabilities of molecules within the framework of chemoreactomic methodology is carried out by comparing the chemical structure of racetam molecules with the structures of molecules for which pharmacological properties were studied using training artificial intelligence algorithms based on big data information presented in PubChem, HMDB, STRING, PharmGKB databases. Based on the entire complex of differences between molecules in interactions with receptor proteins, an “anti-obesity” score was calculated for each one as a serial number of this molecule in descending order by corresponding IC50, EC50 chemoreactomic constants values.Results. The lipolytic effect is predicted specifically for fonturacetam as a result of activation by this molecule of β3-adrenoceptors, adenosine receptors, glucagon-like peptide, sphingosine phosphate and peroxisome proliferators, as well as specific inhibition of cannabinoid, opioid, histamine, glutamate, nociceptin, orexin and neuropeptide Y receptors. Due to these mechanisms fonturacetam will contribute to normalizing appetite and improving adipose tissue metabolism. The total lipolytic effect score was calculated for all established interactions with receptors and amounted to 4.3±0.9 for fonturacetam, 3.0±1.4 for pramiracetam, and 2.5±1.5 for all other molecules.Conclusion. The results of the analysis suggest that the lipolytic effects of fonturacetam (Actitropil – Pharmstandard, Russia) will be much stronger than for other racetams (piracetam, aniracetam, pramiracetam, levetiracetam). Chemoreactomic analysis of fonturacetam indicated new mechanisms of pharmacological action of the molecule, providing a decrease in excess appetite and body weight normalization. Fonturacetam is the only nootropic drug indicated for the treatment of obesity.
Assessment of Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Perception of Pharmaceutical Care in South Africa: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Lorato Gezahegn Samuel , Perumal-Pillay Velisha Ann , Suleman Fatima 
Published: August 2024

Background: Medicines are intended to cure, prevent, or diagnose diseases, alleviate signs, or symptoms, but improper use can cause patient morbidity and even mortality. Pharmacists assume direct responsibility for all the patient’s drug-related needs. Hence, pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pharmaceutical care (PC) and their perceived barriers to PC provision are imperative to treatment success. The aim of the study was to explore community pharmacists’ knowledge and perception towards pharmaceutical care and identifying perceived barriers towards its implementation in South Africa.
Methods: A quantitative study was undertaken, using a descriptive cross-sectional design. The data were collected by means of an online questionnaire completed by community pharmacists across South Africa. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, through Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: Out of 250 online questionnaires sent, a total of 181 responded, which delivered an 72.4% response rate. The vast majority (n=166; 91.7%) of the respondents were knowledgeable about PC though a few (n=15; 8.3%) of the respondents had a poor understanding of PC. A high number of respondents (n=173;95.5%) agreed that providing PC would increase the patients’ conﬁdence in the pharmacy profession (n=173; 95.5%); and about 87.2% responded that all pharmacists should provide PC services. Lack of compensation for PC provision was perceived as the main barrier (83.9%).
Conclusion: South African community pharmacists have good knowledge of PC, but a lack of remuneration and time were perceived as the main barriers to PC provision. Relevant stake holders like policymakers in pharmaceutical service, health care financial managers, and pharmacy managers should intervene to overcome these barriers.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TIME ECHO VARIATIONS IN THE METABOLITE VALUES MR BRAIN SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Dewi Susanto Revina , Yuliana F. Ayu , Serfina F. Eunike , Catharina R. Celine , Amnesti Merry , Masrochah Siti , Choridah Lina 
Published: August 2024

Background: MR spectroscopy is an additional sequence to evaluate lesion characteristics in the brain. Time Echo (TE) is crucial for analyzing MR spectroscopy metabolite. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the best TE variations during MR spectroscopy examinations in brain lesions. Method: This research is an experimental quantitative study. Researchers used five samples focusing on the results of head multi-voxel spectroscopy charts with clinical lesions or masses that had been taken twice using TE 35 and TE 144. At each TE in each sample, three voxel areas were measured, namely normal, perilesional, and lesion. Each spectroscopy data result is processed individually through READY View software, automatically producing a spectroscopy graph pattern. The required data in this study is the value of each head spectroscopy metabolism: N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr), Myo-Inositol (MI), Lipids Lactate (LL). All statistical tests used the SPSS v.26 application. Result: Based on Paired T test results, NAA, Cho, Cr, and MI metabolites have p-values that account for 0.779 > 0.05; 0.179 > 0.05; 0.581 > 0.05; and 0.057 > 0.05. Based on the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test, the LL metabolite showed a p-value of 0.460 > 0.05. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between TE 35 ms and TE 144 ms during MR spectroscopy examinations.
Injuries in Male and Female Wrestlers
Authors: Abrahamson Zoe , Ross Phara , Rumps Mia V. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: August 2024

» With historical exclusion from the sport and lack of research on the subject, there is a paucity of data regarding the injury incidence, treatment, and recovery of female wrestlers as compared with their male counterparts.» Data demonstrate that female wrestlers are more likely to experience sprains/strains, whereas male wrestlers experience more concussions and fractures.» Variations in behavior and physiology including risk-taking habits and ligament laxity may contribute to differences in injury incidence between male and female wrestlers.» Rapid weight loss and eating disorders are important areas of future investigation for male and female wrestlers alike.
Bone Radiation-Induced Sarcomas: Outcomes Based on Histology and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Inchaustegui Maria L. , Larios Felipe , Buteau Jean-Patrick , Gonzalez Marcos R. , Pretell-Mazzini Juan 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Bone radiation-induced sarcomas (B-RIS) are secondary neoplasms with reportedly worse overall survival than de novo bone sarcoma. Treatment strategy for these neoplasms remains uncertain. Our systematic review sought to assess overall survival based on histology and surgical intervention.

Methods:
A systemic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (438415). Studies describing oncologic outcomes of patients with B-RIS in the appendicular and axial skeleton were included. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used for quality assessment. Survival analysis by histologic subtype and surgery type was performed in a subset of 234 patients from 11 articles with individualized data. A total of 20 articles with a total of 566 patients were included. The most frequent location was the pelvis (27.7%), and the main histological types were osteosarcoma (69.4%), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (14.1%), and fibrosarcoma (9.2%). Limb-salvage and amputation were performed in 68.5% and 31.5% of cases, respectively.

Results:
Local recurrence was 13%, without difference between limb-salvage surgery and amputation (p = 0.51). The metastasis rate was 42.3%. Five-year OS was 43.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.3%-53.5%) for osteosarcoma, 31.5% (95% CI, 11.3%-54.2%) for UPS, and 28.1% (95% CI, 10.6%-48.8%) for fibrosarcoma. Five-year OS was 49.2% (95% CI, 35.3%-61.6%) for limb-salvage and 46.9% (95% CI, 29.1%-62.9%) for amputation. There was no difference in 5-year OS between histologic subtypes (p = 0.18) or treatment type (p = 0.86).

Conclusion:
B-RIS demonstrated poor OS at 5 years after initial management regardless of histology. Limb-salvage surgery was not associated with lower 5-year OS compared with amputation. Future studies should compare both groups while controlling for confounders.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Upper Extremity Ballistic Nerve Injury
Authors: Wolf G. Jacob , Chen Kevin , Strelzow Jason A. , Stepan Jeffrey G. 
Published: August 2024

» Gunshot injuries to the upper extremity (UE) have high likelihood for causing peripheral nerve injury secondary to the high density of vital structures. Roughly one-fourth of patients sustaining a gunshot wound (GSW) to the UE incur a nerve injury. Of these nerve injuries, just over half are neurapraxic. In cases of surgical exploration of UE nerve injuries, nearly one-third demonstrate a transected or discontinuous nerve.» Existing literature regarding surgical management of nerve injuries secondary to GSWs comes from both military and civilian injuries. Outcomes are inconsistently reported, and indications are heterogeneous; however, reasonable results can be obtained with nerve reconstruction.» Our proposed management algorithm hinges on 4 treatment questions: if there is a nerve deficit present on examination, if there is a concomitant injury in the extremity (i.e., fracture or vascular insult), whether the injured nerve would be in the operative field of the concomitant injury, and whether there was an identified nerve lesion encountered at the time of surgery by another surgeon?» Early exploration rather than continued expectant management may offer improved recovery from GSW nerve injuries in particular situations. When an UE nerve deficit is present, establishing follow-up after the initial GSW encounter and early referral to a peripheral nerve surgeon are pivotal.
A Novel Framework to Evaluate the Costs and Potential of Bioenergy in Decarbonization of the U.S. Economy
Authors: Singh Udayan , Hawkins Troy R. , Tao Ling , Binsted Matthew , Field John L. , Burli Pralhad , Oke Doris 
Published: August 2024

The long-term strategy of the United States targets reaching economy-wide net-zero emissions by 2050 and a carbon-neutral electricity grid by 2035 (U.S. Department of State and U.S. Executive Office of the President, 2021). Meeting these targets would require considerable changes to the energy system. Some key characteristics of illustrative net-zero energy systems include increased penetration of renewable energy and carbon sources, use of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in hard-to-abate sectors, and a greater role for energy carriers such as electricity and hydrogen (Davis et al, 2018). Another common feature of such energy systems is the need for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches (Horowitz et al, 2022).
Across all these characteristics of net-zero energy systems, bioenergy and biomass feedstock is anticipated to play an important role. Biomass feedstock serves as a renewable carbon source. This can enable conversion of such feedstock into fuels and energy carriers for hard-to-abate sectors such as aviation. Indeed, the U.S. Government has a target to meet all jet fuel demand by 2050 from sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), where biofuel pathways are likely to have an important role (EERE, 2020). Bioenergy is also highly versatile with the possibility to convert feedstock into electricity, hydrogen, liquid fuels, heat or high-value products, based on biomass type, demand and technology availability (Clarke et al, 2022). Combination of bioenergy with CCS can also nominally deliver CDR (Fuhrman et al, 2023). As such, the share of bioenergy is expected to grow by at least five time across scenarios studied for the long-term strategy of the U.S. between 2020 and 2050 (Horowitz et al, 2022).
Notwithstanding the role of bioenergy in the energy systems, its deployment, costs and scalability are influenced by a number of factors. Some of these factors pertain to policy interventions such as imposition of a binding decarbonization target either at an economy-wide level or the sectoral level. Resource availability and type of biomass feedstock also varies considerably across regions. From a technological perspective, the readiness of bioenergy conversion pathways is subject to high variability. This influences the costs of deployment. Moreover, the sourcing of feedstock, grid carbon intensity, and co-product handling approaches all affect the life cycle efficacy of bioenergy. The latter, in turn, is particularly important in determining the extent to which bioenergy with CCS or BECCS can effectively deliver CDR (Fajardy and Mac Dowell, 2017).
Kaya Identity Defines Realistic Negative Emissions Targets for Large Nations and the World
Authors: Diyashev I. R. , Spath J. B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Our primary goal in this paper is to outline a methodology for developing realistic energy transition scenarios using existing and cost-effective technologies including negative emissions technologies. We discuss data sources, build projections of GDP, consumption of various energy resources, and energy transition costs. We discuss in detail the scenario for the USA, and briefly for China and India. We also review worldwide energy transition scenarios, and we address the question of what the expected CO2 emissions under a "business as usual" scenario, how much negative emissions would be required to achieve net zero, and what should be the rate of decarbonization of the energy system to stay within carbon budget associated with dT &lt; 2°C.
Energy systems have tremendous scale and inertia. Trends of systems development play out over several decades and in many cases growth rate of the emissions intensity of the energy system, or energy intensity of the economy can be confidently extrapolated assuming exponential growth or decline trends. This exponential approximation leads to a very simple yet beautiful result: Compound Annual Growth Rate CAGR of CO2 emissions = CAGR of Emissions intensity of the Energy System + CAGR of Energy Intensity of Economic Output + CAGR of Economic output per capita + CAGR of Population projection.
Our secondary aim is education. We are applying this methodology to teach student engineers at Texas A&M University, as well as practicing engineers, about negative emissions targets and realistic transition strategies. We discuss how much energy per capita is necessary for sustaining our modern civilization and the linkage between energy use and economic growth.
Underground Hydrogen Storage Site Selection in Wyoming
Authors: Sheikheh S. , Rabiei M. , Rasouli V. , Holubnyak E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Underground hydrogen storage, compared to surface storage, offers a higher capacity, provides long-term storage, and requires fewer surface installations. Underground hydrogen storage site selection is affected by various factors, including availability of energy sources to produce hydrogen from fossil fuels and renewables, energy consumption in a specific area, accessibility to the existing infrastructure, and availability of underground storage media. These factors vary in different locations. Wyoming, as the second largest energy supplier in the U.S., has a significant share of the influencing factors. This study ranks Wyoming counties based on fossil fuels supply, renewables, energy consumption, and underground storage facilities as well as different type of media for storage such as depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, abandoned coal mines, and potential trona caverns. Depending on the preferred factors, different counties can be prioritized for underground hydrogen storage site selection. This study is beneficial for storage site selection in Wyoming; however, individual sites should be further investigated for optimal site selection.