bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Right Ventricular Fibrosis Detected by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Is Associated With Clinical Outcome, Mainly New-Onset Atrial Arrhythmia, in Patients After Atrial Redirection Surgery for Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Rydman Riikka , Gatzoulis Michael A. , Ho Siew Yen , Ernst Sabine , Swan Lorna , Li Wei , Wong Tom , Sheppard Mary , McCarthy Karen P. , Roughton Michael , Kilner Philip J. , Pennell Dudley J. , Babu-Narayan Sonya V. 
Published: May 2015

Background—
We hypothesized that fibrosis detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts outcomes in patients with transposition of the great arteries post atrial redirection surgery. These patients have a systemic right ventricle (RV) and are at risk of arrhythmia, premature RV failure, and sudden death.

Methods and Results—

Fifty-five patients (aged 27±7 years) underwent LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance and were followed for a median 7.8 (interquartile range, 3.8–9.6) years in a prospective single-center cohort study. RV LGE was present in 31 (56%) patients. The prespecified composite clinical end point comprised new-onset sustained tachyarrhythmia (atrial/ventricular) or decompensated heart failure admission/transplantation/death. Univariate predictors of the composite end point (n=22 patients; 19 atrial/2 ventricular tachyarrhythmia, 1 death) included RV LGE presence and extent, RV volumes/mass/ejection fraction, right atrial area, peak V
o
2
, and age at repair. In bivariate analysis, RV LGE presence was independently associated with the composite end point (hazard ratio, 4.95 [95% confidence interval, 1.60–15.28];
P
=0.005), and only percent predicted peak V
o
2
remained significantly associated with cardiac events after controlling for RV LGE (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.95];
P
=0.009/5%). In 8 of 9 patients with >1 event, atrial tachyarrhythmia, itself a known risk factor for mortality, occurred first. There was agreement between location and extent of RV LGE at in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance and histologically documented focal RV fibrosis in an explanted heart. There was RV LGE progression in a different case restudied for clinical indications.

Conclusions—
Systemic RV LGE is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcome especially arrhythmia in transposition of the great arteries, thus LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance should be incorporated in risk stratification of these patients.
Early Detection of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity and Improvement With Heart Failure Therapy
Authors: Cardinale Daniela , Colombo Alessandro , Bacchiani Giulia , Tedeschi Ines , Meroni Carlo A. , Veglia Fabrizio , Civelli Maurizio , Lamantia Giuseppina , Colombo Nicola , Curigliano Giuseppe , Fiorentini Cesare , Cipolla Carlo M. 
Published: May 2015

Background—
Three types of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicities are currently recognized: acute, early-onset chronic, and late-onset chronic. However, data supporting this classification are lacking. We prospectively evaluated incidence, time of occurrence, clinical correlates, and response to heart failure therapy of cardiotoxicity.

Methods and Results—

We assessed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), at baseline, every 3 months during chemotherapy and for the following year, every 6 months over the following 4 years, and yearly afterward in a heterogeneous cohort of 2625 patients receiving anthracycline-containing therapy. In case of cardiotoxicity (LVEF decrease >10 absolute points, and <50%), heart failure therapy was initiated. Recovery from cardiotoxicity was defined as partial (LVEF increase >5 absolute points and >50%) or full (LVEF increase to the baseline value). The median follow-up was 5.2 (quartile 1 to quartile 3, 2.6–8.0) years. The overall incidence of cardiotoxicity was 9% (n=226). The median time elapsed between the end of chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity development was 3.5 (quartile 1 to quartile 3, 3–6) months. In 98% of cases (n=221), cardiotoxicity occurred within the first year. Twenty-five (11%) patients had full recovery, and 160 (71%) patients had partial recovery. At multivariable analysis, end-chemotherapy LVEF (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–1.42 for each percent unit decrement) and cumulative doxorubicin dose (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.15 for each 50 mg/m
2
increment) were independent correlates of cardiotoxicity.

Conclusions—
Most cardiotoxicity after anthracycline-containing therapy occurs within the first year and is associated with anthracycline dose and LVEF at the end of treatment. Early detection and prompt therapy of cardiotoxicity appear crucial for substantial recovery of cardiac function.
Modern Christians in a Christianized Society
Authors: Fallding Harold 
Published: May 2015

There have been “Christianized” societies where Christian faith and standards are seen as the authentic guides for life. “Confrontation” is the Christian's principle of action. This entails ‘flying one's colours' in all situations, and probably encountering suffering by proclaiming broad moral principles with universal applicability. There is the need to cultivate a six-fold work: Feeding the flock and sending them out. Evangelizing. Pronouncing publicly on true moral standards. Supporting and challenging the governing authority. Pioneering social reform and relief, and Providing for sociability. In addition, there is the need for church reorganization over time.
Towards a Definition of the Term “Spiritual”
Authors: Fallding Harold 
Published: May 2015

This article appeared in the very first issue of the Journal of Christian Education (vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–44) in June 1958. At that time, Prof. Harold Fallding, U.A., B.Sc. (Sydney), Dip.Ed.(Sydney), Ph.D. (A.N.U.), F.R.S.C., was the Senior Research Fellow (Rural Sociology) in the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Sydney, Australia. He subsequently held other academic positions in universities in Australia, U.S.A. and Canada; and he is presently Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of Waterloo, Canada. He is an associate editor of this journal. The article was a revision of a paper presented to, and discussed with, members of the New South Wales Graduate Fellowship of the Inter Varsity Fellowship. The paper made a considerable impact on thinking at that time; and the enduring relevance of the exercise undertaken by Prof. Fallding in this article is reflected in the two contemporary publications reviewed in Round Table in this issue which ask how spiritual development can be effectively promoted within schools when definition of the terms “spiritual” and “spirituality” is often vague.
Calibrated automated thrombography for monitoring coagulation function in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Yu Yao , Wu Jun , Zhao Wei , Zhao Lei , Zhu Chunpeng , Gao Xuguang 
Published: May 2015

Objective To monitor coagulation function in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) using calibrated automated thrombography. Methods Patients admitted to hospital with ICH (confirmed within 18 h of symptom onset) were enrolled. Patient history and blood samples were obtained within 6 h of admission; further blood samples were collected on days 4, 8 and 15 (or on discharge between days 9–15: grouped with day 15 data). Blood samples were also collected from age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All samples underwent calibrated automated thrombography. Results At admission, thrombin lag time and time to peak was longer, and endogenous thrombin potential and peak height were lower, in patients with ICH ( n = 20) than in healthy controls ( n = 29). Lag time in patients with ICH gradually decreased, but remained significantly longer than in controls until day 8. Time to peak also gradually decreased, but remained longer in patients than in controls by day 15. Endogenous thrombin potential and peak height gradually increased in patients, but remained lower than in controls on day 15. Conclusions Patients with ICH have poorer coagulation function than healthy individuals, but this function gradually recovers during hospitalization.
Noninvasive evaluation of renal oxygenation in primary nephrotic syndrome with blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging: Initial experience
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Yao , Chen Feng , Wang Qidong , Wang Zhaoming , Chen Yilun , Xiao Wenbo 
Published: May 2015

Objectives To use blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate renal oxygenation in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), and test the hypothesis that renal tissue oxygenation correlates with renal function, tubulointerstitial alterations and treatment response. Methods Patients with untreated first-onset PNS and healthy control subjects underwent BOLD MRI. Blood and urine samples were obtained on the day of MRI, and patients underwent renal biopsy the day after MRI. Renal tubulointerstitial damage scores (TIDS) were determined using Katafuchi criteria. All patients received corticosteroids within 7 days after MRI and were followed up for 12 months. Results Medullary R2* values were significantly lower in patients with PNS ( n = 20) than controls ( n = 18). Medullary R2* values were negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rates and positively correlated with TIDS in patients with PNS. There were no significant differences in medullary or cortical R2* values when patients were classified according to treatment response. Conclusions The medullary oxygen concentration was higher in patients with PNS than in control subjects. BOLD MRI was a useful noninvasive method for the evaluation of renal function and tubulointerstitial impairment.
Optimal Position of the Heel Following Reconstruction of the Stage II Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Conti Matthew S. , Ellis Scott J. , Chan Jeremy Y. , Do Huong T. , Deland Jonathan T. 
Published: May 2015

Background: While previous work has demonstrated a linear relationship between the amount of medializing calcaneal osteotomy (MCO) and the change in radiographic hindfoot alignment following reconstruction, an ideal postoperative hindfoot alignment has yet to be reported. The aim of this study was to identify an optimal postoperative hindfoot alignment by correlating radiographic alignment with patient outcomes. Methods: Fifty-five feet in 55 patients underwent flatfoot reconstruction for stage II adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) by 2 fellowship-trained foot and ankle orthopedic surgeons. Hindfoot alignment was determined as previously described by Saltzman and el-Khoury. 23 Changes in pre- and postoperative scores in each Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) subscale were calculated for patients in postoperative hindfoot valgus (≥0 mm valgus, n = 18), mild varus (>0 to 5 mm varus, n = 17), and moderate varus (>5 mm varus, n = 20). Analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used to compare the change in FAOS results between these 3 groups. Results: At 22 months or more postoperatively, patients corrected to mild hindfoot varus showed a significantly greater improvement in the FAOS Pain subscale compared with patients in valgus ( P = .04) and the Symptoms subscale compared with patients in moderate varus ( P = .03). Although mild hindfoot varus did not differ significantly from moderate varus or valgus in the other subscales, mild hindfoot varus did not perform worse than these alignments in any FAOS subscale. No statistically significant correlations between intraoperative MCO slide distances and FAOS subscales were found. Conclusions: Our study indicates that correction of hindfoot alignment to between 0 and 5 mm of varus on the hindfoot alignment view (clinically a straight heel) following stage II flatfoot reconstruction was associated with the greatest improvement in clinical outcomes following hindfoot reconstruction in stage II AAFD. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Menarche increases relapse risk in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lulu Sabeen , Graves Jennifer , Waubant Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2015

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) predominantly affects women with a sex ratio of 3:1 in contrast with a 1:1 sex ratio seen in pre-pubertal onset. Thus, puberty may influence MS risk differentially in males and females. How puberty may be associated with MS clinical features and disease course remains unknown. Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine the association of menarche with disease course in girls with MS. Methods: This is a longitudinal retrospective study from the UCSF Regional Pediatric MS Center database. We categorized patients by time of disease onset: pre-menarche, peri-menarche and post-menarche. Poisson regression models were used for within-subject relapse analyses offset by follow-up time. Results: Seventy-six girls were included (pre-menarche onset = 17; peri-menarche onset = 9; post-menarche onset = 50). Age of menarche was similar in all groups (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.19). Relapse rate was the same in all three groups during the first two years of follow-up. In girls with follow-up overlapping at least two time periods, within-subject analyses showed increased relapses during the peri-menarche compared to post-menarche period (adjusted IRR = 8.5, 95% CI 2.5–28.7, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Pubertal status may influence MS course at least in female patients. Understanding how puberty influences MS clinical features may offer new insights into important factors regulating disease processes.
Effectiveness of ultra-rapid dose titration of clozapine for treatment-resistant bipolar mania: case series
Authors: Aksoy Poyraz Cana , Turan Şenol , Demirel Ömer Faruk , Usta Sağlam Nazife Gamze , Yıldız Nazım , Duran Alaattin 
Published: May 2015

Treatment of severe and refractory manic episodes in hospital settings can occasionally be very difficult. In particular, severely excited patients showing aggressive, hostile, impulsive behaviours frequently require physical restraint and seclusion, high doses of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, and sometimes, electroconvulsive therapy. Hospital stay is generally prolonged and such patients cause great emotional distress for other patients in the ward and clinical staff involved in their care. Here we report on three patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and one patient with a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder bipolar subtype, all of whom were hospitalized for severe manic episodes with psychotic features. These patients were extremely difficult to manage in the ward as no response could be obtained in the first week of treatment despite high doses of antipsychotics and benzodiazepine administration. The introduction and rapid titration of clozapine proved remarkably effective and was well tolerated in the acute management of these patients. We observed that clozapine had a superior and fast mood stabilization effect with rapid titration and could be extremely helpful in the management of such patients.
VPS33B regulates protein sorting into and maturation of α-granule progenitor organelles in mouse megakaryocytes
Authors: Bem Danai , Smith Holly , Banushi Blerida , Burden Jemima J. , White Ian J. , Hanley Joanna , Jeremiah Nadia , Rieux-Laucat Frédéric , Bettels Ruth , Ariceta Gema , Mumford Andrew D. , Thomas Steven G. , Watson Steve P. , Gissen Paul 
Published: May 2015

Key PointsHematologic effects in the mouse model for ARC syndrome, Vps33bfl/fl-ERT2, in which Vps33b is ubiquitously excised post-development. The VPS33B-VIPAR complex is responsible for sorting cargo to and maturation of α-granule-destined MVBs.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using aspartame and their catalytic activity for p-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Wu Shufen , Yan Songjing , Qi Wei , Huang Renliang , Cui Jing , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We demonstrated a facile and environmental-friendly approach to form gold nanoparticles through the reduction of HAuCl4 by aspartame. The single-crystalline structure was illustrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that aspartame played a pivotal role in the reduction and stabilization of the gold crystals. The crystals were stabilized through the successive hydrogen-bonding network constructed between the water and aspartame molecules. Additionally, gold nanoparticles synthesized through aspartame were shown to have good catalytic activity for the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4.
Plasmonic circular resonators for refractive index sensors and filters
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Xia , Ren Xiaomin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A plasmonic refractive index sensor based on a circular resonator is proposed. With all three dimensions below 1 μm, the sensor has a compact and simple structure granting it ease-of-fabrication and ease-of-use. It is capable of sensing trace amounts of liquid or gas samples. The sensing properties are investigated using finite elements method. The results demonstrate that the plasmonic sensor has a relatively high sensitivity of 1,010 nm/RIU, and the corresponding sensing resolution is 9.9 × 10−5 RIU. The sensor has a relatively high quality factor of 35, which is beneficial for identifying each transmission spectrum. More importantly, the sensitivity is not sensitive to changes of structure parameters, which means that the sensitivity of the sensor is immune to the fabrication deviation. In addition, with a transmittance of 5% at the resonant wavelength, this plasmonic structure can also be employed as a filter. In addition, by filling material like LiNbO3 or liquid crystal in the circular resonator, this filter can realize an adjustable wavelength-selective characteristic in a wide band.
Effects of early hemodynamic resuscitation on left ventricular performance and microcirculatory function during endotoxic shock
Authors: López Alejandra , Grignola Juan Carlos , Angulo Martín , Alvez Ignacio , Nin Nicolás , Lacuesta Gonzalo , Baz Manuel , Cardinal Pablo , Prestes Ivana , Bouchacourt Juan P , Riva Juan , Ince Can , Hurtado Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Microcirculation and macrohemodynamics are severely compromised during septic shock. However, the relationship between these two compartments needs to be further investigated. We hypothesized that early resuscitation restores left ventricular (LV) performance and microcirculatory function but fails to prevent metabolic disorders. We studied the effects of an early resuscitation protocol (ERP) on LV pressure/volume loops-derived parameters, sublingual microcirculation, and metabolic alterations during endotoxic shock.

Methods
Twenty-five pigs were randomized into three groups: LPS group: Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS); ERP group: LPS + ERP based on volume expansion, dobutamine, and noradrenaline infusion; Sham group. LV pressure/volume-derived parameters, systemic hemodynamics, sublingual microcirculation, and metabolic profile were assessed at baseline and after completing the resuscitation protocol.

Results
LPS significantly decreased LV end-diastolic volume, myocardial contractility, stroke work, and cardiac index (CI). Early resuscitation preserved preload, and myocardial contractility, increased CI and heart rate (p < .05). LPS severely diminished sublingual microvascular flow index (MFI), perfused vascular density (PVD), and the proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), while increased the heterogeneity flow index (HFI) (p < .05). Despite MFI was relatively preserved, MVD, PVD, and HFI were significantly impaired after resuscitation (p < .05). The macro- and microcirculatory changes were associated with increased lactic acidosis and mixed venous O2 saturation when compared to baseline values (p < .05). The scatter plot between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MFI showed a biphasic relationship, suggesting that the values were within the limits of microvascular autoregulation when MAP was above 71 ± 6 mm Hg (R
2 = 0.63).

Conclusions
Early hemodynamic resuscitation was effective to restore macrohemodynamia and myocardial contractility. Despite MAP and MFI were relatively preserved, the persistent microvascular dysfunction could explain metabolic disorders. The relationship between micro- and systemic hemodynamia and their impact on cellular function and metabolism needs to be further studied during endotoxic shock.
Learning from theQadi: The Jurisdiction of Local Rule in the Early Colonial Andes
Authors: Graubart Karen B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe political jurisdiction of the colonial cacique, or ethnic lord, is often understood to have been truncated or undermined by Spanish political administration. But the role of the cacique was also key to enabling Spanish administrators to extract wealth from native communities. What exactly that role was is undocumented in Spanish-language archival materials. By examining recent literature on the Iberian qadi, or judge of the Islamic community under Christian rule, this study argues that the cacique, like the qadi, maintained his or her local authority and jurisdiction. Evidence for this hidden jurisdiction is found in a sixteenth-century case that was set aside by the Real Audiencia because it fell outside that body's jurisdiction and within the dominion of the cacique.
Judging, Inevitably: Aesthetic Judgment and Novelistic Form in Fielding’sJoseph Andrews
Authors: Soni Vivasvan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHenry Fielding’s Joseph Andrews is often thought to have inaugurated a tradition of sociological observation in the novel, and it also cultivates a practice of judgment in readers. Yet the social theory that informs Fielding’s novel (Thomas Hobbes, Bernard Mandeville) is dominated by a sense of inevitability, whereas judgment concerns the things that can be otherwise. A close reading of Joseph Andrews shows that Fielding does not deploy uncritically the methods and assumptions of a nascent social theory. Rather, he teaches us that those methods and assumptions hold only for the advent of a commercial modernity that renders judgment all but obsolete. Refusing the sentimental (Richardsonian) and aesthetic (Shaftesburian) responses to this social theory as also complicit in the elision of judgment, Fielding works to transform the emerging novel into a narrative and aesthetic form capable of restoring our capacity for judgment.
In Saecula Saeculorum: On How Stories End
Authors: Thorne Christian 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Narratologists often profess a distaste for stories that end unambiguously. The emphatic ending is thought simplistic, politically retrograde, and more common in traditional and commercial narrative forms (the folk tale, the realist novel, the feature film) and accordingly less common in modernist and experimental fiction. None of these claims survives scrutiny. A rereading of Roland Barthes’s S/Z (1970) should reveal the many shortcuts a narratologist has to take to celebrate open endings as liberating and should also disclose some of the ideological purposes to which this celebration has been put.