bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Elderly Patients With Portal Hypertension
Authors: Mori Shozo , Kita Junji , Shimizu Takayuki , Kato Masato , Shimoda Mitsugi , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The outcome of liver resection (LR) for elderly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal hypertension (PHT) who may be excluded as liver transplantation candidates has not been fully evaluated. One hundred ninety-five patients who underwent initial curative LR for HCC with PHT were divided into 2 groups: age &lt;70 years (n = 131) and age ≥70 years (n = 64). Clinicopathologic data and postoperative complications were compared. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative complications were similar in both groups. However, in-hospital mortality was significantly more frequent in elderly than in younger patients (11% versus 1%, P = 0.002). No significant intergroup differences were observed in the 5-year disease-free survival rate or recurrence rate (19.7% versus 17.2%; P = 0.338, 63% versus 56%; P = 0.339). Although LR for elderly HCC patients with PHT can be performed with curative intent and gives results comparable with those in younger patients, it is associated with higher in-hospital mortality.
Synthesis of 8‐Oxoguanosine Phosphoramidite and Its Incorporation into Oligoribonucleotides
Authors: Taniguchi Yosuke , Koga Yohei , Sasaki Shigeki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe detailed synthetic protocol for preparation of the phosphoramidite of an oxidatively damaged ribonucleotide, 8‐oxoguanosine (8‐oxo‐G), and its incorporation into RNA are described. The O
6‐ and N
7‐bisdiphenylcarbamoyl‐protected 8‐oxoguanosine phosphoramidite was synthesized as a new phosphoramidite precursor unit for the synthesis of RNA. It was successfully incorporated into the RNA sequences, and the synthesized RNAs were completely deprotected with 28% aqueous ammonia solution at 55°C for 24 hr. After purification using HPLC, they were identified by MALDI‐TOF mass measurement. The base‐pairing properties showed that 8‐oxo‐G forms base pairs not only with rC or dC in anti‐conformation, but also with rA in syn conformation within the RNA duplexes or RNA/DNA heteroduplexes. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 56:4.58.1‐4.58.10. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular Modeling of Nucleic Acid Structure: Setup and Analysis
Authors: Galindo‐Murillo Rodrigo , Bergonzo Christina , Cheatham Thomas E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe last in a set of units by the same authors, this unit addresses some important remaining questions about molecular modeling of nucleic acids. The unit describes how to choose an appropriate molecular mechanics force field; how to set up and equilibrate the system for accurate simulation of a nucleic acid in an explicit solvent by molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulation; and how to analyze molecular dynamics trajectories. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 56:7.10.1‐7.10.21. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Seismological analysis of conduit dynamics in fragmentation experiments
Authors: Arciniega‐Ceballos A. , Alatorre‐Ibargüengoitia M. , Scheu B. , Dingwell D. B. , Delgado‐Granados H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe simulate gas‐burst and volcanic explosions under controlled laboratory conditions inducing fragmentation of volcanic rocks by rapid depressurization. A series of experiments were performed in a shock‐tube apparatus at room temperature and a pressure range of 4 to 20 MPa using Argon (Ar) gas and, particles or pumice samples of different porosities. The instrumentation of this system with high‐precision piezoelectric sensors enabled us to capture elastic waves and to recognize their characteristic signatures. By relating these signals to physical processes in the wave field, we have been able to characterize the conduit mechanism and the source dynamics. We compare and discuss conspicuous features of the waveforms and frequency spectra of these experimental signals with those of volcanic origin. Despite the fact that these signals are different in amplitude (resulting from different scale conditions); our observations indicate that the physical processes that occur during simulated explosions and those that occur during volcanic eruptions yield comparable signatures in their respective records. The effects of the source‐receiver configuration and resonance also have significant implications. All this suggests that the physical processes (e.g. pressurization and depressurization of a system) involve a system response that causes similar distinctive effects independent of the system size, reflecting its intrinsic dynamics. These similarities imply that powerful constraints on the source mechanisms of volcanic seismicity can emerge from seismic investigations of experimental simulations of volumetric sources. Such constraints may yield significant advances in the understanding of volcanic conduit dynamics and in the interpretation of seismic unrest at volcanic centers.
Numerical modeling of convective erosion and peridotite‐melt interaction in big mantle wedge: Implications for the destruction of the North China Craton
Authors: He Lijuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe deep subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath East Asia is thought to have played a key role in the destruction of the North China Craton (NCC). To test this hypothesis, this paper presents a new 2‐D model that includes an initial stable equilibrated craton, the formation of a big mantle wedge (BMW), and erosion by vigorous mantle convection. The model shows that subduction alone cannot thin the cold solid craton, but it can form a low‐viscosity BMW. The amount of convective erosion is directly proportional to viscosity within the BMW (η0bmw), and the rheological boundary layer thins linearly with decreasing log10(η0bmw), thereby contributing to an increase in heat flow at the lithospheric base. This model also differs from previous modeling in that the increase in heat flow decays linearly witht1/2, meaning that the overall thinning closely follows a natural log relationship over time. Nevertheless, convection alone can only cause a limited thinning due to a minor increase in basal heat flow. The lowering of melting temperature by peridotite‐melt interaction can accelerate thinning during the early stages of this convection. The two combined actions can thin the craton significantly over tens of Myr. This modeling, combined with magmatism and heat flow data, indicates that the NCC evolution has involved four distinct stages: modification in the Jurassic by Pacific Plate subduction and BMW formation, destruction during the Early Cretaceous under combined convective erosion and peridotite‐melt interaction, extension in the Late Cretaceous, and cooling since the late Cenozoic.
A statistical study of inertia gravity waves in the troposphere based on the measurements of Wuhan Atmosphere Radio Exploration (WARE) radar
Authors: Qing Haiyin , Zhou Chen , Zhao Zhengyu , Chen Gang , Ni Binbin , Gu Xudong , Yang Guobin , Zhang Yuannong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWuhan atmosphere radio exploration (WARE) radar is the first mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere radar to have become operative in the mainland of China and is dedicated to real‐time atmospheric observations. Based on the WARE radar data collected for the period from September 2011 to February 2013, 2666 downward and 1735 upward inertia gravity waves (IGWs) are identified from three‐dimensional (3‐D) wind fields observed in the troposphere and subsequently analyzed in a statistical manner. Wave characteristics including intrinsic frequencies, vertical wavelengths, horizontal wavelengths, vertical wave number spectra, energy density spectra, and wave sources are investigated using a combination of the Lomb‐Scargle spectral analysis, the quasi‐monochromatic gravity waves model, and the hodograph method. Our results demonstrate that the characteristic parameters of upward and downward tropospheric IGWs are not significantly different. These results indicate that the tropospheric IGWs parameters are not directly correlated with propagation directions. Combining with the information of statistical 3‐D wind field and some climatic characteristics of Hubei Province, atmospheric moist convection will contribute most in summer, whereas jet/front systems will contribute most in winter. One may expect seasonal variations to be tied to the varying importance of these sources.
Effects of vertical resolution and nonorographic gravity wave drag on the simulated climate in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5
Authors: Richter Jadwiga H. , Solomon Abraham , Bacmeister Julio T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHorizontal resolution of general circulation models (GCMs) has significantly increased during the last decade, however these changes were not accompanied by similar changes in vertical resolution. In our study, the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5) is used to study the sensitivity of climate to vertical resolution and nonorographic gravity wave drag. Nonorographic gravity wave drag is typically omitted from low‐top GCMs, however as we show, its influence on climate can be seen all the way to the surface. We show that an increase in vertical resolution from 1200 to 500 m in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere in CAM5 improves the representation of near‐tropopause temperatures, lower stratospheric temperatures, and surface wind stresses. In combination with nonorographic gravity waves, CAM5 with increased vertical resolution produces a realistic Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO), has an improved seasonal cycle of temperature in the extratropics, and represents better the coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere.
Joint estimation of soil moisture profile and hydraulic parameters by ground‐penetrating radar data assimilation with maximum likelihood ensemble filter
Authors: Tran Anh Phuong , Vanclooster Marnik , Zupanski Milija , Lambot Sébastien 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGround‐Penetrating Radar (GPR) has recently become a powerful geophysical technique to characterize soil moisture at the field scale. We developed a data assimilation scheme to simultaneously estimate the vertical soil moisture profile and hydraulic parameters from time‐lapse GPR measurements. The assimilation scheme includes a soil hydrodynamic model to simulate the soil moisture dynamics, a full‐wave electromagnetic wave propagation model, and petrophysical relationship to link the state variable with the GPR data and a maximum likelihood ensemble assimilation algorithm. The hydraulic parameters are estimated jointly with the soil moisture using a state augmentation technique. The approach allows for the direct assimilation of GPR data, thus maximizing the use of the information. The proposed approach was validated by numerical experiments assuming wrong initial conditions and hydraulic parameters. The synthetic soil moisture profiles were generated by the Hydrus‐1D model, which then were used by the electromagnetic model and petrophysical relationship to create “observed” GPR data. The results show that the data assimilation significantly improves the accuracy of the hydrodynamic model prediction. Compared with the surface soil moisture assimilation, the GPR data assimilation better estimates the soil moisture profile and hydraulic parameters. The results also show that the estimated soil moisture profile in the loamy sand and silt soils converge to the “true” state more rapidly than in the clay one. Of the three unknown parameters of the Mualem‐van Genuchten model, the estimation of n is more accurate than that of α and Ks. The approach shows a great promise to use GPR measurements for the soil moisture profile and hydraulic parameter estimation at the field scale.
Assessing the recent droughts in Southwestern China using satellite gravimetry
Authors: Tang Jingshi , Cheng Haowen , Liu Lin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHeavy droughts have frequently struck Southwestern China in recent years. A major consequence of these droughts is the loss of terrestrial water storage (TWS) which affects agriculture, civil life, and industry production and results in serious social and economic losses. The satellite gravimetry has been proved an effective way to estimate hydrological variations over the globe, and we use the monthly gravity solutions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission and extract the hydrological variations from the regional gravity signal. Here we show that the recent heavy droughts in Southwestern China have caused observable nonseasonal gravity changes in the monthly GRACE solutions. Two heavy droughts in September 2009 to May 2010 and August 2011 to January 2012 have resulted in significant TWS deficit up to hundreds of gigatons in Southwestern China. It is found that the latter drought in 2011–2012 is the most severe one in Southwestern China over the decade, hitting large areas, and causing heavy TWS deficit. Affected by the recent droughts, the GRACE estimate shows a gradual decrease in the regional TWS during the recent 4 years in Southwestern China with a nominal rate of −13.3 ± 7.5 mm/yr, which indicates the severity of the TWS deficit in this area.
Topical cocaine vs adrenaline in endoscopic sinus surgery: a blinded randomized controlled study
Authors: Valdes Constanza J. , Bogado Mariana , Rammal Almoaidbellah , Samaha Mark , Tewfik Marc A. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAdequate surgical field visualization is among the most important factors in preventing complications in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of topical cocaine vs adrenaline on surgical field visualization and intraoperative bleeding during FESS.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 37 patients that underwent FESS for chronic rhinosinusitis were randomized to the side of the nose that received adrenaline or cocaine‐soaked patties, and the side that was operated first. The surgeon evaluating the bleeding was blinded to the vasoconstrictor allocation. At the commencement of surgery and at regular 15‐minute intervals, the operating surgeon evaluated the extent of bleeding in the operative field according to a validated scale. At each assessment, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and end tidal CO2 were also recorded. At the end of each side, total blood loss was measured.ResultsThere was no difference in the mean surgical field scores between the adrenaline and cocaine sides (2.04 ± 0.75 vs 2.17 ± 0.7, p = 0.24), nor the total blood loss (p = 0.43). On the cocaine side, there was a correlation between surgical field grade and duration of surgery (p < 0.05) as well as blood loss (p < 0.05) and MAP (p < 0.05).ConclusionThere is no difference in the quality of the surgical field achieved through the use of topical cocaine or adrenaline during FESS. Either of these agents can be effectively used for topical decongestion at the onset of surgery.
Rare‐Cell Enrichment by a Rapid, Label‐Free, Ultrasonic Isopycnic Technique for Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Bourquin Yannyk , Syed Abeer , Reboud Julien , Ranford‐Cartwright Lisa C. , Barrett Michael P. , Cooper Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOne significant challenge in medical diagnostics lies in the development of label‐free methods to separate different cells within complex biological samples. Here we demonstrate a generic, low‐power ultrasonic separation technique, able to enrich different cell types based upon their physical properties. For malaria, we differentiate between infected and non‐infected red blood cells in a fingerprick‐sized drop of blood. We are able to achieve an enrichment of circulating cells infected by the ring stage of the parasite over nonparasitized red blood cells by between two and three orders of magnitude in less than 3 seconds (enabling detection at parasitemia levels as low as 0.0005 %). In a second example, we also show that our methods can be used to enrich different cell types, concentrating Trypanosoma in blood at very low levels of infection, on disposable, low‐cost chips.
Bildung eines homoatomaren, polycyclischen Bismut‐Polyanions, [Bi11]3−, durch Pyridin‐unterstützte Zersetzung von [GaBi3]2−
Authors: Weinert Bastian , Eulenstein Armin Rainer , Ababei Rodica , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBisher galten polycyclische Bismut‐Polyanionen als unbekannt, wodurch sich Bismut deutlich von seinen leichteren Homologen unterschied. Nach der Synthese von [K([2.2.2]crypt)]3(Bi11)⋅2 py⋅tol können wir nun jedoch das erste strukturell charakterisierte homoatomare, polycyclische Bismut‐Polyanion vorstellen, welches die vom [P11]3− bekannte “Ufosan”‐Struktur aufweist. Es entsteht bei der Behandlung von [K([2.2.2]crypt)]2(GaBi3)⋅en mit Pyridin. Bei der Bildung der Titelverbindung zersetzt sich das binäre Zintl‐Anion [GaBi3]2− unter oxidativer Kupplung von Pyridin‐Molekülen und Freisetzung von H2. Die ungewöhnliche Reaktion und deren (Neben‐)Produkte wurden mittels Spektroskopie, Spektrometrie und DFT‐Studien untersucht. Alle Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die spezifischen Reaktionsbedingungen für die Bildung des [Bi11]3−‐Anions essentiell sind – und dass generell nichts gegen die Bildung weiterer, auch größerer Bismut‐Polyanionen spricht.
Ein zellpermeables und photospaltbares Reagens für die selektive intrazelluläre Protein‐Protein‐Dimerisierung
Authors: Zimmermann Mirjam , Cal Ruben , Janett Elia , Hoffmann Viktor , Bochet Christian G. , Constable Edwin , Beaufils Florent , Wymann Matthias P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSelektive Dimerisierungsreagentien (CIDs; chemical inducers of dimerization) wurden entwickelt, um die Protein‐Dimerisierung und ‐Translokation chemisch zu steuern. Wir stellen hier ein neues, photospaltbares CID (MeNV‐HaXS) vor, das HaloTag‐ und SNAP‐tag‐Fusionsproteine bindet und eine exzellente Selektivität und intrazelluläre Reaktivität besitzt. Die Anregung bei 360 nm spaltet die Methyl‐6‐nitroveratryl‐Gruppe von MeNV‐HaXS, und das “Dimere”, wieder in die beiden Proteine. MeNV‐HaXS verknüpft HaloTag‐ und SNAP‐tag‐Fusionsproteine und erlaubt ihre zielgerichtete Verschiebung an Membranen und Zellorganellen, z. B. Plasmamembran, Endosomen, Lysosomen, Golgi, Mitochondrien und das Aktin Zytoskeleton. Die photolytische Spaltung von MeNV‐HaXS setzt Zielproteine frei und ermöglicht die optische Manipulation der Proteinlokalisation mit hoher subzellulärer Präzision in Raum und Zeit. MeNV‐HaXS ermöglicht so kinetische Studien, Manipulation der Proteindynamik und der subzellulärer Enzymaktivität. Demonstriert wurde die Anwendung von MeNV‐HaXS für die zielgerichtete Protein‐Translokation an den Golgi und die kinetische Erhebung von Importprozessen in den Zellkern.
Late‐Stage Functionalization of Biologically Active Heterocycles Through Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: DiRocco Daniel A. , Dykstra Kevin , Krska Shane , Vachal Petr , Conway Donald V. , Tudge Matthew 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe direct CH functionalization of heterocycles has become an increasingly valuable tool in modern drug discovery. However, the introduction of small alkyl groups, such as methyl, by this method has not been realized in the context of complex molecule synthesis since existing methods rely on the use of strong oxidants and elevated temperatures to generate the requisite radical species. Herein, we report the use of stable organic peroxides activated by visible‐light photoredox catalysis to achieve the direct methyl‐, ethyl‐, and cyclopropylation of a variety of biologically active heterocycles. The simple protocol, mild reaction conditions, and unique tolerability of this method make it an important tool for drug discovery.
Bidirectional Regulation of mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Using PUF Domains
Authors: Cao Jicong , Arha Manish , Sudrik Chaitanya , Schaffer David V. , Kane Ravi S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe regulation of gene expression is crucial in diverse areas of biological science, engineering, and medicine. A genetically encoded system based on the RNA binding domain of the Pumilio and FBF (PUF) proteins was developed for the bidirectional regulation (i.e., either upregulation or downregulation) of the translation of a target mRNA. PUF domains serve as designable scaffolds for the recognition of specific RNA elements and the specificity can be easily altered to target any 8‐nucleotide RNA sequence. The expression of a reporter could be varied by over 17‐fold when using PUF‐based activators and repressors. The specificity of the method was established by using wild‐type and mutant PUF domains. Furthermore, this method could be used to activate the translation of target mRNA downstream of PUF binding sites in a light‐dependent manner. Such specific bidirectional control of mRNA translation could be particularly useful in the fields of synthetic biology, developmental biology, and metabolic engineering.
Shape Selectivity by Guest‐Driven Restructuring of a Porous Material
Authors: Warren J. E. , Perkins C. G. , Jelfs K. E. , Boldrin P. , Chater P. A. , Miller G. J. , Manning T. D. , Briggs M. E. , Stylianou K. C. , Claridge J. B. , Rosseinsky M. J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA flexible metal‐organic framework selectively sorbs para‐ (pX) over meta‐xylene (mX) by synergic restructuring around pX coupled with generation of unused void space upon mX loading. The nature of the structural change suggests more generally that flexible structures which are initially mismatched in terms of fit and capacity to the preferred guest are strong candidates for effective molecular separations.
Charge Trapping at the Step Edges of TiO2 Anatase (101)
Authors: Setvin Martin , Hao Xianfeng , Daniel Benjamin , Pavelec Jiri , Novotny Zbynek , Parkinson Gareth S. , Schmid Michael , Kresse Georg , Franchini Cesare , Diebold Ulrike 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA combination of photoemission, atomic force, and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements shows that excess electrons in the TiO2 anatase (101) surface are trapped at step edges. Consequently, steps act as preferred adsorption sites for O2. In density functional theory calculations electrons localize at clean step edges, this tendency is enhanced by O vacancies and hydroxylation. The results show the importance of defects for the wide‐ranging applications of titania.
Cell‐Permeant and Photocleavable Chemical Inducer of Dimerization
Authors: Zimmermann Mirjam , Cal Ruben , Janett Elia , Hoffmann Viktor , Bochet Christian G. , Constable Edwin , Beaufils Florent , Wymann Matthias P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChemical inducers of dimerization (CIDs) have been developed to orchestrate protein dimerization and translocation. Here we present a novel photocleavable HaloTag‐ and SNAP‐tag‐reactive CID (MeNV‐HaXS) with excellent selectivity and intracellular reactivity. Excitation at 360 nm cleaves the methyl‐6‐nitroveratryl core of MeNV‐HaXS. MeNV‐HaXS covalently links HaloTag‐ and SNAP‐tag fusion proteins, and enables targeting of selected membranes and intracellular organelles. MeNV‐HaXS‐mediated translocation has been validated for plasma membrane, late endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi, mitochondria, and the actin cytoskeleton. Photocleavage of MeNV‐HaXS liberates target proteins and provides access to optical manipulation of protein relocation with high spatiotemporal and subcellular precision. MeNV‐HaXS supports kinetic studies of protein dynamics and the manipulation of subcellular enzyme activities, which is exemplified for Golgi‐targeted cargo and the assessment of nuclear import kinetics.