bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic leaf gas‐exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO2: evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO2 enrichment studies
Authors: Voelker Steven L. , Brooks J. Renée , Meinzer Frederick C. , Anderson Rebecca , Bader Martin K.‐F. , Battipaglia Giovanna , Becklin Katie M. , Beerling David , Bert Didier , Betancourt Julio L. , Dawson Todd E. , Domec Jean‐Christophe , Guyette Richard P. , Körner Christian , Leavitt Steven W. , Linder Sune , Marshall John D. , Mildner Manuel , Ogée Jérôme , Panyushkina Irina , Plumpton Heather J. , Pregitzer Kurt S. , Saurer Matthias , Smith Andrew R. , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Stambaugh Michael C. , Talhelm Alan F. , Tardif Jacques C. , Van de Water Peter K. , Ward Joy K. , Wingate Lisa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRising atmospheric [CO2], ca, is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO2], ci, a constant drawdown in CO2 (ca − ci), and a constant ci/ca. These strategies can result in drastically different consequences for leaf gas‐exchange. The accuracy of Earth systems models depends in part on assumptions about generalizable patterns in leaf gas‐exchange responses to varying ca. The concept of optimal stomatal behavior, exemplified by woody plants shifting along a continuum of these strategies, provides a unifying framework for understanding leaf gas‐exchange responses to ca. To assess leaf gas‐exchange regulation strategies, we analyzed patterns in ci inferred from studies reporting C stable isotope ratios (δ13C) or photosynthetic discrimination (∆) in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of ca spanning at least 100 ppm. Our results suggest that much of the ca‐induced changes in ci/ca occurred across ca spanning 200 to 400 ppm. These patterns imply that ca − ci will eventually approach a constant level at high ca because assimilation rates will reach a maximum and stomatal conductance of each species should be constrained to some minimum level. These analyses are not consistent with canalization toward any single strategy, particularly maintaining a constant ci. Rather, the results are consistent with the existence of a broadly conserved pattern of stomatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms. This results in trees being profligate water users at low ca, when additional water loss is small for each unit of C gain, and increasingly water‐conservative at high ca, when photosystems are saturated and water loss is large for each unit C gain.
Nursing staff and their team: Impact on intention to leave
Authors: Trybou J. , Malfait S. , Gemmel P. , Clays E. 
Published: September 2015

AimThe aim was to examine the relationship between the quality of team–member exchange experienced by nursing staff and their intention to leave. Job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment are considered as mediators.BackgroundWhile the shortage of nurses is a management and policy priority, few studies have studied the relationships between nursing staff and their team, key organizational attitudes, and intentions to leave the organization.MethodA questionnaire was administered to 217 registered nurses and nurse assistants in Belgium. Data were collected in 2012. To analyse the data, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression and path analyses were conducted.FindingsTeam–member exchange has a positive impact on nursing staff satisfaction and affective commitment. Job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment fully mediated the impact of team–member exchange on nursing staff's intention to leave.Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policyThis study illustrates the potential benefits of the positive influence of team–member exchange on key organizational attitudes of nursing staff, and the negative influence on intention to leave through affective commitment and job satisfaction.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress of Kupffer cells involved in the conversion of natural regulatory T cells to Th17 cells in liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Gao Jialin , Jiang Zhonghua , Wang Shuai , Zhou Yuan , Shi Xiaolei , Feng Min 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Our previous studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are reduced and Th17 cells are elevated in liver insults. Recent studies have indicated the critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of Kupffer cells (KCs) in evoking liver inflammation following reperfusion. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ER stress of KCs in the conversion of Tregs to Th17 cells and the effect on liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury.Methods:The partial warm liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury mouse model was adopted. ER stress of KCs and the frequency of Tregs and Th17 cells following reperfusion were analyzed. Apart from depletion and adoptive transfer of KCs, KCs were isolated from ischemic lobes and co‐cultured with Tregs to study the effect of KCs on Tregs and Th17 cells.Results:It was found that KCs induced ER stress, decreased natural Tregs (nTregs), and increased Th17 cells after reperfusion. Depletion of KCs modulated the reduction of nTregs and elevation of Th17 cells. Co‐culture with stressed KCs led to the reduction in nTregs and elevation of Th17 cells. This effect was suppressed by anti‐interleukin‐6. Adoptive transfer of these stressed KCs resulted in the reduction in nTregs and elevation of Th17 cells and caused liver injury.Conclusion:Endoplasmic reticulum stress of KCs contributed to the conversion of nTregs to Th17 cells due to interleukin‐6, resulting in the worsening of liver insult.
Akt2 and p‐Akt overexpression in oral cancer cells is due to a reduced rate of protein degradation
Authors: Archewa Prakasit , Pata Supansa , Chotjumlong Pareena , Supanchart Chayarop , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai , Iamaroon Anak 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively measure the increased expression of Akt2 and its phosphorylated form (p‐Akt) in oral cancer cell lines and investigate the post‐translational mechanism for Akt2 and p‐Akt overexpression.MethodsThree oral cancer cell lines and three cell lines of primary human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were cultured and the degrees of Akt2 and p‐Akt expression was evaluated by immunoblot analysis and flow cytometry. Each cell line was incubated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of new protein synthesis, for various times to quantitatively determine the remaining expression levels of Akt2 and p‐Akt by flow cytometry. The localization of Akt2 and p‐Akt was assessed by immunofluorescence.ResultsThe levels of Akt2 and p‐Akt proteins were significantly higher in cancer cell lines than those in HOKs (P < 0.05). When the new protein synthesis was blocked by cycloheximide treatment, the degradation rate of Akt2 and p‐Akt in oral cancer cells was significantly lower than that in HOKs (P < 0.05). Both Akt2 and p‐Akt were more intensely stained in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, whereas HOKs expressed Akt2 and p‐Akt only minimally.ConclusionBoth Akt2 and p‐Akt were overexpressed in oral cancer cells, which may be partly explained by a reduced rate of protein degradation in order to maintain high cytosolic levels.
Cognitive dysfunctions in occipital lobe epilepsy compared to temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Santangelo Gabriella , Trojano Luigi , Vitale Carmine , Improta Ilaria , Alineri Irma , Meo Roberta , Bilo Leonilda 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo compare cognitive profiles of occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to investigate whether impairment of visuospatial functions is a specific deficit of OLE.MethodEighteen patients with OLE, 18 patients with TLE, and 18 controls underwent a neuropsychological battery assessing memory, visuospatial functions, and frontal/executive functions.ResultsMultivariate analysis evidenced poorer performance of patients with TLE and patients with OLE relative to controls on tasks assessing verbal and non‐verbal long‐term memory, frontal functions, and visuospatial functions. Patients with OLE had poorer performance than patients with TLE on visuospatial tasks, whereas patients with TLE performed worse than patients with OLE on verbal long‐term memory test. Discriminant analysis identified two canonical discriminant functions: The first explained 53.3% of the variance, and the second explained 46.7% of the variance. The first function included verbal and non‐verbal memory tests distinguishing controls from both OLE and TLE, whereas the second factor including a visuoconstructional test distinguished OLE from TLE and controls.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that visuoconstructional dysfunction is related to OLE and support the idea that alterations of occipito‐parietal stream may be specific to patients with OLE.
Bony orbital maldevelopment after enucleation
Authors: Ji Yongrong , Ye Fuxiang , Zhou Huifang , Xie Qing , Ge Shengfang , Fan Xianqun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOne common belief in ophthalmology is that enucleation at an early age will result in bony orbital maldevelopment and facial asymmetry. However, the age range in which enucleation is associated with risk of orbital maldevelopment and the extent of asymmetry remains controversial. In this study, patients who had undergone unilateral enucleation at different ages without orbital implantation were analysed to investigate bony orbital development after enucleation. A total of 87 Chinese adult patients were included. Their bony orbital volume and orbital aditus area were measured using three‐dimensional reconstructive models based on patients' computer tomography scans. The ratio of the parameter values of the affected orbit to the unaffected orbit was calculated and described as the orbital symmetry index. The results showed that the bony orbit grew until approximately 18 years old. Enucleation after that age did not affect the orbit, whereas enucleation before that age led to significant orbital maldevelopment. The relative reduction ranged up to 20% in orbital volume and 17% in the orbital aditus area. The extent of orbital maldevelopment was correlated to the age of enucleation. The symmetry index of orbital volume = −0.0003x2 + 0.0159x + 0.8112 (x = the age of enucleation). The symmetry index of the orbital aditus area = −0.0002x2 + 0.0119x + 0.8504 (x = the age of enucleation). The regression formulae were used to predict the severity of orbital asymmetry after unilateral enucleation, and evaluate the necessity and efficacy of interventions following enucleation.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Wild tomato mosaic virus Isolate Infecting Nicotiana tabacum in China
Authors: Sun Hangjun , Liu Wei , Yang Jinguang , Wang Fenglong , Shen Lili , Li Ying , Sun Dongmei , Qian Yumei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVirus particles of approximately 740–760 nm in length and 13 nm in diameter were observed from a diseased Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plant in Sichuan Province, China. The complete genomic sequence of the virus isolate XC1 was determined to contain 9659 nucleotides without 3′ terminal poly(A) tail. XC1 has a genome typical of members of the genus Potyvirus, encoding a large polyprotein of 3075 amino acids. Putative proteolytic cleavage sites and a number of well characterized functional motifs were identified by sequence comparisons with those of known potyviruses. Sequence comparison revealed that XC1 shared the highest level of nucleotide sequence identity (76.5%) with Wild tomato mosaic virus (WTMV). Phylogenetic analysis showed that XC1 was closely related to the WTMV Guangdong isolate with an identity of 94.3% between CP gene sequence of the two viruses. We thus named XC1 WTMV‐XC‐1 as a novel isolate of WTMV. The full sequence of WTMV‐XC‐1 may serve as a basis for future investigations on the gene diversity of WTMV.
Feral cat home‐range size varies predictably with landscape productivity and population density
Authors: Bengsen A. J. , Algar D. , Ballard G. , Buckmaster T. , Comer S. , Fleming P. J. S. , Friend J. A. , Johnston M. , McGregor H. , Moseby K. , Zewe F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn understanding of the factors that drive inter‐population variability in home‐range size is essential for managing the impacts of invasive species with broad global distributions, such as the feral domestic cat (Felis catus). The assumption that home‐range sizes scale negatively with landscape productivity is fundamental to many spatial behaviour models, and inter‐site variation in landscape productivity has often been invoked to explain the vast differences in feral cat home‐range sizes among different regions. However, the validity of this explanation has not been tested or described. We used regression models to examine the ability of remotely sensed landscape productivity data, average body weight and population density to explain differences in the size of feral cat home ranges estimated across a diverse collection of sites across the globe. As expected for a solitary polygynous carnivore, female cats occupied smaller home ranges in highly productive sites, and range sizes of male cats scaled positively with those of females. However, the relationship between range size and productivity broke down at highly seasonal sites. Home‐range size also scaled negatively with population density, but there was no clear relationship with average body weight. The relationships we describe should be useful for predicting home‐range sizes and for designing effective feral cat control and monitoring programmes in many situations. More generally, these results confirm the importance of landscape productivity in shaping the spatial distribution of solitary carnivores, but the nature of the relationship is more complicated than is often appreciated.
Long‐term outcomes of end‐stage kidney disease for patients with IgA nephropathy: A multi‐centre registry study
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Xusheng , Pascoe Elaine M , Badve Sunil V , Boudville Neil C , Clayton Philip A , De Zoysa Janak , Hawley Carmel M , Kanellis John , McDonald Stephen P , Peh Chen Au , Polkinghorne Kevan R , Johnson David W 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcomes of patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) secondary to IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have not been well described.AimTo investigate the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of ESKD because of kidney‐limited IgAN and Henoch‐Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in the Australian and New Zealand RRT populations.MethodsAll ESKD patients who commenced RRT in Australia and New Zealand between 1971 and 2012 were included. Dialysis and transplant outcomes were evaluated in both a contemporary cohort (1998–2012) and the entire cohort (1971–2012).ResultsOf 63 297 ESKD patients, 3721 had kidney‐limited IgAN, and 131 had HSPN. For the contemporary cohort of IgAN patients on dialysis (n = 2194), 10‐year patient survival was 65%. Of 1368 contemporary IgAN patients who received their first renal allograft, 10‐year patient, overall renal allograft and death‐censored renal allograft survival were 93%, 82% and 88%, respectively. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, patients with IgAN had favourable dialysis patient survival (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.69), overall renal allograft survival (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57–0.79) and renal transplant patient survival (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45–0.74) compared with ESKD controls. Similar results were found in the entire cohort and when using competing‐risks models. Compared with kidney‐limited IgAN patients, those with HSPN had worse dialysis patient survival (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.02–3.69), overall renal allograft survival (HR 3.40, 95% CI 1.00–11.55) and renal transplant patient survival (HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.03–11.92).ConclusionIgAN ESKD was associated with better dialysis and renal transplant outcomes compared with other forms of ESKD. The survival outcomes of ESKD patients with HSPN were worse than kidney‐limited IgAN.
What is Presentism?
Authors: Deasy Daniel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDifferent versions of theA‐theory of time(according to which some instant of time is absolutely, objectively present) are traditionally defined in terms of whether everything is present, or whether there are also past and future things. In this paper I argue that the traditional way of defining A‐theories should be abandoned. I focus on the traditional definition ofpresentism, according to whichalways, everything is present(§2). First, I argue that there are good reasons to reject all the most plausible interpretations of the predicate ‘is present’ as it appears in the traditional definition of presentism (§3). It follows that there are also good reasons to reject the most plausible interpretations of the traditional definitions of the other A‐theories. I then argue that there is a better way of defining the A‐theories, in terms of the question of whether existence has a beginning and an end (§4). Finally, I argue that what goes for the traditional definition of presentism goes for the traditional definition of its modal analogueactualism, according to whichnecessarily, everything is actual(§5): there are good reasons to reject the traditional definition of actualism in favour of a definition in terms of contingent existence.
Perspectives on Intravenous Oxycodone for Control of Postoperative Pain
Authors: Pergolizzi Joseph V. , Seow‐Choen Francis , Wexner Steven D. , Zampogna Gianpietro , Raffa Robert B. , Taylor Robert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntravenous (IV) analgesia has particular advantages in the immediate postoperative period. For example, IV administration results in a faster onset of pain relief and results in more predictable pharmacokinetics than does administration by other routes. It also allows for convenient dosing before or during surgery, permitting the initiation of effective analgesia in the early phase of the postoperative period. In addition, when patients are able to tolerate oral intake, they can be switched from IV to oral dosing based on maintaining the predictable analgesia established by the IV route. IV morphine is widely used for the control of postoperative pain, but there is a trend toward the use of oxycodone. Oxycodone (which may be mediated partly through kappa‐ as well as mu‐opioid receptors) offers several potential advantages. Published studies comparing IV oxycodone to other IV opioids for postsurgical pain report that oxycodone is a safe and effective analgesic. Some studies show that IV oxycodone may be associated with greater pain control, fewer or less severe adverse events, and faster onset of action, although the results are not consistent across all studies. Oxycodone has been reported to be safe in the geriatric and other special populations when adequate clinical adjustments are made. Thus, the clinical reports and oxycodone's pharmacologic profile make intravenous oxycodone a potentially important “new” old drug for postoperative pain control.
Blood Pressure Monitoring During the Induction and Maintenance Period of Propranolol Therapy for Complicated Infantile Hemangiomas: A Prospective Study of 109 Infants
Authors: Hengst Meike , Oelert Monika , Hoeger Peter H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPropranolol has become the first‐line treatment for complicated infantile hemangiomas (CIHs) worldwide. Recommendations for monitoring infants undergoing propranolol therapy vary. Data on long‐term blood pressure (BP) monitoring have not been reported before.ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to monitor BP in full‐term infants during the induction and maintenance phase of propranolol therapy.MethodsBP was monitored prospectively in 109 infants (mean age 2.8 mos, range 1–5 mos) with CIHs during the induction (3–4 days in the hospital during up‐dosing from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg/day) and maintenance (6 mos) phases of oral propranolol therapy.ResultsFour children were excluded from the study because of sinus bradycardia (n = 2 [1.8%]) or lethargy (n = 2 [1.8%]). Mean systolic BP (SBP) decreased by 5 mmHg with the increase in propranolol dosage. Low (<5th percentile) SBP or diastolic BP (DBP) was observed in 2 of 105 children (1.9%) each. During the maintenance phase, 2 of 105 children (1.9%) had occasional SBP readings of less than 70 mmHg. No hypotension was observed after the third month of therapy. Low DBP (<36 mmHg) was recorded in 16 (15.2%) children after the first month, in 8.6% after the second, and in 2.9% during the third and fourth months of therapy. No patients exhibited clinical hypotension, bradycardia, or other known side effects of propranolol. Clinical response to therapy was excellent.LimitationsReference BP values were derived from published tables, not from an untreated control group.ConclusionsIn healthy full‐term infants, propranolol (2 mg/kg/day divided in three doses) is well tolerated. No clinically significant hypotension was observed. We conclude that for otherwise healthy infants, BP monitoring during long‐term propranolol therapy for CIHs is not necessary.
Retrospective Study on Autoimmune Blistering Disease in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Kong Yan Ling , Lim Yen Loo , Chandran Nisha Suyien 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) are rare in children and their prevalence in Singapore is unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical and immunopathologic characteristics of children diagnosed with AIBDs in Singapore.Materials and MethodsThe clinical and histology databases at the National Skin Centre in Singapore were searched to identify patients younger than 18 years old diagnosed with an AIBD from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2012. Patient demographic characteristics, presentation, triggers, investigations, treatments, and disease course were analyzed.ResultsTwelve patients with AIBDs were identified; five (41.7%) had linear immunoglobulin A disease (LAD); two (16.7%) each had pemphigus vulgaris (PV), bullous pemphigoid, and bullous systemic lupus erythematosus; and one (8.3%) had pemphigus foliaceus. Four (33.3%) were female and eight (66.7%) male. The mean age of onset was 8.7 years (range 2–17 years). Most patients were treated with steroids and adjuvant immunosuppressants. Intravenous rituximab was used effectively in a patient with recalcitrant PV. The mean follow‐up was 2.35 years (range 0.17–7.33 years). As of the last follow‐up, four (33.3%) patients were in complete remission off therapy, two (16.7%) were in complete remission on therapy, four (33.3%) were in partial remission on therapy, and two (16.7%) were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionConsistent with the existing literature, our study shows that LAD is the most common cause of AIBDs in children. Although common in the West, dermatitis herpetiformis was not identified in the current study. Intravenous rituximab may be considered in recalcitrant childhood PV, but vigilant monitoring for side effects is crucial. Immunohistopathologic evaluation is important and repeat biopsies may be of value in patients with atypical disease courses.
Gödel's and Other Paradoxes
Authors: Slater Hartley 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFrancesco Berto has recently written “The Gödel Paradox and Wittgenstein's Reasons,” about a paradox first formulated by Graham Priest in 1971. The major reason for disagreeing with Berto's conclusions concerns his elucidation of Wittgenstein's understanding of Gödel's theorems. Seemingly, Wittgenstein was some kind of proto‐paraconsistentist. Priest himself has also, though in a different way, tried to tar Wittgenstein with the same brush. But the resolution of other paradoxes is intimately linked with the resolution of the Gödel Paradox, and with understanding Wittgenstein's views of Gödel's theorems. So this paper discusses some other paradoxes before looking at Wittgenstein's relevant views.