bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble CD23 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infected Patients
Authors: Hober Didier , Ajana Faiza , Boniface Michel , Estrada Rocio , Lobert Pierre Emmanuel , Sartiaux Claudine , Mouton Yves , Wattré Pierre , Maniez‐Montreuil MichèLe 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe level of sCD23 produced in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was measured in patients grouped according to the Centers for Disease Control by using an immunoradiometric assay. Soluble CD23 was evaluated in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) (106 cells/ml) stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Compared with healthy controls (m±S.D. = 1.0 ±0.34 U/ml, n = 7), higher values were observed in some of the patients of group II (asymptomatic) (m±S.D. = 2±1.33, n = 9) and some of the patients of group IV (AIDS) (m±S.D. = 1.3 ±1.40, n = 8). Those results prompted us to compare the plasma levels of sCD23 in group II and group IV HIV‐infected patients and in healthy individuals. Soluble CD23 plasma levels in healthy patients (n = 42) ranged from 0 to 1.5 U/ml (m±S.D. = 0.9±0.33), in group II patients (n = 17) from 0 to 3 U/ml (m±S.D. = 0.92±0.83) and in group IV patients (n =73) from 0 to 2.9 U/ml (m±S.D. = 1.15±0.71). The differences between the patients and the healthy individuals were not statistically significant but individual sCD23 values higher than 2 U/ml were obtained in 6% of the group II patients and 16.7% of the group IV patients. Increased values of sCD23 were obtained in plasma from patients with secondary infectious diseases (groups IV‐C1 and IV‐C2) and from patients without secondary infectious diseases (group II, group IV‐A and group IV‐B). Elevated values of sCD23 were detected even in patients with low counts of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in their peripheral blood. sCD23 has numerous activities including control of IgE synthesis and cytokine‐like properties. Our results show a disarray of sCD23 in HIV‐infected patients which could be involved in drug reactions, allergic manifestations and the IgE‐level increase. Further investigations should attempt to define the role of sCD23 in clinical manifestations of HIV infection.
Transovarial Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes Ingesting Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Zytoon Eiman M. , El‐Belbasi Hussein I. , Matsumura Takeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFemale Aedes albopictus mosquitoes of the Miki strain were experimentally fed on defibrinated sheep blood containing 5× 107 PFU of chikungunya virus and 20,000 microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis per milliliter. Fully engorged mosquitoes transmitted the virus to a small percentage of the F1 progeny, but females of the F1 generation did not transmit the virus to the F2 progeny. The control mosquitoes that ingested the virus without microfilariae did not transmit the virus to their eggs, larvae, or pupae in the F1 or F2 generations. These results showed that A. albopictus of this strain that concurrently ingested the virus and microfilariae transmitted the virus by the transovarial route under experimental conditions.
A Positive Correlation between the Precursor Frequency of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes to Autologous Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Transformed B Cells and Antibody Titer Level against Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Associated Nuclear Antigen in Healthy Seropositive Individuals
Authors: Kusunoki Yoichiro , Huang Hua , Fukuda Yasuko , Ozaki Kyoko , Saito Mayumi , Hirai Yuko , Akiyama Mitoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA limiting dilution analysis was established to determine the precursor frequency (PF) of cytotoxic lymphocytes against autologous B cells transformed with the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). This method was found to detect mainly self‐restricted T‐cell activity and little non‐self‐restricted cytotoxicity. The mean PF in 21 healthy EBV‐seropositive persons was 1.4 × 10‐3 (range: 0.03 × 10‐3 to 8.7 × 10‐3) for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas 4 samples of mononuclear cells obtained from umbilical cord blood had PFs below 0.007 × 10‐3. A positive correlation was observed between the PF and serum antibody titers against EBV‐associated nuclear antigen among the seropositive persons.
Mechanism of Inhibition of DNA Synthesis by 1‐β‐D‐Arabinofuranosyl‐E‐5‐(2‐Bromovinyl)uracil
Authors: Suzutani Tatsuo , Machida Haruhiko , Honess Robert W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of the inhibitory action of 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl‐E‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl) uracil triphosphate (BV‐araUTP) on DNA synthesis by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment was studied. Acting as a chain terminator, BV‐araUTP inhibited DNA synthesis by Klenow fragment more effectively than 2′, 3′‐dideoxythymidine triphosphate (ddTTP). However, the incorporation sites of BV‐araU monophosphate were restricted at consecutive dTMP sequence whereas ddTMP was incorporated at every dTMP site.
Anti‐Human IgE Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Epitopes Related to the Binding Sites of High and Low Affinity IgE Receptors
Authors: Takemoto Hiroshi , Nishimura Shinji , Kosada Yumi , Hata Satoshi , Takagi Shin , Hosoi Susumu , Ezumi Kiyoshi , Ide Misao , Harada Shigenori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnti‐human IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced and eight clones recognizing epitopes on native IgE were selected. Epitopes were mapped by a competitive inhibition enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting and a multi‐pin peptide technology. Four sites (one each in the Cε1, Cε2, Cε2/Cε3 junction and Cε3) were recognized by the mAbs. The relationship between the four epitopes and the binding sites of high and low affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI and FcεRII, respectively) was studied using a monovalent Fab fragment of each mAb as a binding inhibitor. The IgE‐FcεRII binding was clearly inhibited by the mAb recognizing the Cε2/Cε3 junction, suggesting that FcεRII binds to a rather limited area around the Cε2/Cε3 junction. The IgE‐FcεRI binding, on the other hand, was scarcely inhibited by any single mAb. However, the binding was inhibited when the epitope in Cε2 was blocked simultaneously with that at the Cε2/Cε3 junction or with that in Cε3, indicating that these three distinct epitopes are related to the FcεRI binding sites. When these three epitopes were shown in the stereograph of human IgE, the FcεRI binding area was spread largely on the groove side between Cε2 and Cε3 domains. These results suggest that FcεRI acquires the high affinity through multiple bindings.
Inflammatory and Phagocytic Response to Experimental Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Mice
Authors: Pancorbo Pedro L. , Gallego Aurelia M. , de Pablo Manuel , Alvarez Carmen , Ortega Elena , de Cienfuegos Gerardo Alvarez 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAfter intraperitoneal inoculation with Campylobacter jejuni BALB/c, Swiss and DBA mice show a peritoneal inflammatory response of different intensity. Only BALB/c mice have a strong peritoneal response. Simultaneous intraperitoneal inoculation of C. jejuni plus FeCl3 increase both inflammatory response and phagocytic activity in Swiss mice, without production of diarrhea. Some thermostable compounds of C. jejuni have a very strong chemotactic activity against peritoneal cells of mice, whereas a diffusible, thermolabile and glutaraldehyde‐resistant factor has an inhibitory effect over murine peritoneal cell phagocytosis. Bactericidal activity of peritoneal cells increased after in vitro re‐challenge with C. jejuni. Bacteremia is present in all the mice strains tested, but the clearance is quick in DBA and slow in BALB/c and Swiss mice. These experiments confirm that in mice, peritoneal non‐specific mechanisms of defense, such as macrophages, play an important role in order to control C. jejuni infection.
Identification of Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 3b (HCV‐3b) among Japanese Patients with Liver Diseases Using Highly Efficient Primers for Reverse Transcription‐Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Doi Hisaya , Yoon Seitetsu , Homma Morio , Hotta Hak 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWith a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction method that utilized highly efficient primers, the NS5 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome could be amplified from all of the 24 serum samples randomly obtained from Japanese patients with liver diseases. Subtype analysis on the basis of nucleotide sequence similarities of the amplified fragments revealed that 2 out of 24 Japanese patients (8.3%) were infected with the recently identified subtype HCV‐3b, which had been thought to be rare in Japan.
Cross‐Reactions of Human Lupus Autoantibodies with 8‐Methoxypsoralen Photomodified DNA Fragments
Authors: Arjumand Sadia , Ali Asif 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDNA fragments of around 200 base pair (average size) have been covalently crosslinked with 8‐methoxypsoralen under 365 nm UV light. The photoadduct, induced antibodies in rabbits with a titer of > 1:12,800 by direct bindng ELISA. Binding data showed that the induced antibodies are conformation‐specific recognizing restricted conformational change at site of crosslinking. Human autoantibodies against DNA, bound not only to native DNA but to the photomodified DNA fragment as well. In addition, binding patterns of SLE sera obtained from different patients were remarkably similar, indicating the recognition of altered conformation of the modified polymer by naturally occurring SLE anti‐DNA autoantibodies.
Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Growth in Milk Whey
Authors: Mamo Wubshet , Fröman Gunnar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine intramammary infection (mastitis) were tested for adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial cells after growth in milk whey or TSB. Bacteria grown in milk whey adhered more efficiently to mammary gland epithelial cells in vitro than the corresponding homologous bacteria grown in TSB. Trypsin treatment of milk whey‐grown S. aureus had no effect on their adherence. Whereas, pretreatment with periodate significantly decreased bacterial adherence capacity. Periodate treatment of TSB‐grown bacteria had no effect on adhesion to the mammary gland epithelial cells.
Mycobacterium malmoense Isolated from Soil
Authors: Saito Hajime , Tomioka Haruaki , Sato Katsumasa , Tasaka Hiromichi , Dekio Satoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMycobacterium malmoense was isolated from a soil sample, and biological, biochemical, antigenic, and genetic characteristics of the isolate were described. This is the first report of isolation of this organism in Japan.
The Distribution of G (VP7) and P (VP4) Serotypes among Human Rotaviruses Recovered from Japanese Children with Diarrhea
Authors: Kaga Eiji , Iizuka Masahiro , Nakagomi Toyoko , Nakagomi Osamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBoth the G (VP7) and P (VP4) serotypes of human rotaviruses collected over a 10‐year period from Japanese children with diarrhea were determined by recently‐developed polymerase chain reaction‐based typing assays. The combination of G1 and P8 was found in 65.2% and the combination of G2 and P4 was found in 15.2%. For the rest of the specimens, only a few other combinations occurred and their relative frequencies were less than 10%. The viruses carrying P9 were always associated with G3 as is the prototype strain AU‐1.
Inhibition of Candida albicans Growth by Murine Peritoneal Neutrophils and Augmentation of the Inhibitory Activity by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide and Cytokines
Authors: Tansho Shigeru , Abe Shigeru , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnti‐Candida activity of murine neutrophils and its regulation by immunomodulators were studied in vitro. Murine neutrophils which were prepared from peritoneal‐exudated cells inhibited the growth of Candida albicans at an effector: target (E/T) ratio of 30/1 or above. This anti‐Candida activity of neutrophils was augmented by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli, murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), murine interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and murine granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) but not by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) added to the incubation medium. Greater extent of augmentation was obtained when TNF plus GM‐CSF or INF‐γ plus GM‐CSF were used in combination. These results indicate that anti‐Candida activity of murine neutrophils is regulated similarly to that of the human neutrophils reported previously. Therefore murine peritoneal neutrophils can be used as a favorable substitute for human neutrophils in studies on protective machinery against C. albicans infection.
A Rapid Colorimetric Assay for Determination of Leukocyte‐Mediated Inhibition of Mycelial Growth of Candida albicans
Authors: Abe Shigeru , Satoh Tamae , Tokuda Yoshiko , Tansho Shigeru , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA staining method with crystal violet (CV) was demonstrated to be useful for a simple, quick and objective assessment of in vitro growth inhibitory activity of leukocytes against Candida albicans cells. Candida cells incubated with murine neutrophils or macrophages for 14 hr in microwells were stained with CV and, after washing with 0.25% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), treated with isopropanol containing HCl (0.04 N) to extract Candida cell‐bound CV. Then the absorbance at 590 nm of the isopropanol extract was photometrically measured. The results showed that the photometrical absorbance was proportional to the amount of3H‐glucose taken up by C. albicans cells, which reflected the number of viable Candida cells.
Comparative Studies on Borrelia afzelii Isolated from a Patient of Lyme Disease, Ixodes persulcatus Ticks, and Apodemus speciosus Rodents in Japan
Authors: Nakao Minoru , Miyamoto Kenji , Fukunaga Masahito , Hashimoto Yoshio , Takahashi Hidetoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe genospecies Borrelia afzelii was isolated from a patient of Lyme disease in Hokkaido, Japan, for the first time, by culturing the minced erythema lesion in BSK II medium. Two analytical methods, rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the specific primer set to amplify the 16S rRNA gene, revealed that this clinical isolate belongs to the group of B. afzelii. In our culture collection of spirochetes, part of the isolates from Ixodes persulcatus ticks, and from Apodemus speciosus rodents, were also classified as B. afzelii. These results strongly suggest that the agent pathogenic to humans is maintained in “rodent‐tick” transmission cycle.
Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) Antibodies in Healthy Populations and Renal Transplanted Patients in the North‐East of Brazil
Authors: Linhares Maria Ieda Siqueira , Eizuru Yoshito , de Andrade Gildete Patriota , Fonseca Ivailda Barbosa , Carvalho Luiz Bezerra , Moreira Ivanildo Tenorio , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe seroprevalence of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection was investigated in Brazilians (570): native inhabitants (298) and descendants from Japanese (272) living in Recife and its neighborhoods—North‐east of Brazil. Furthermore, polytransfused renal transplanted patients (54) were also examined for the serological status to this virus. The seropositivity to HTLV‐1, screened by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was low: 1.34% for the local population and 0.73% for the descendants from Japanese. However, the seropositivity for the renal transplanted patients was found to be 11.1%. This higher value suggests that this retrovirus infection seems to be of importance in this clinical condition.
Sero‐Epidemiology of Lyme Disease in an Endemic Area in China
Authors: Ai Cheng‐xu , Zhang Wei‐fen , Zhao Jien‐hua 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA sero‐epidemiological investigation on Lyme disease was carried out in a forestry center of Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 381 participants including forestry workers and their dependents completed questionnaires and had blood samples taken for detection of antibody against Borrelia burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescent assay. Of 381 participants, 250 (65.6%) had a history of tick bites between May and July, 1987, and 379 (99.5%) at some time in the past, 56 (14.7%) developed erythema migrans at the site of tick attachment, 138 (36.2%) had late manifestations of Lyme disease, and 101 (26.2%) were seropositive. There was a significant difference in the seropositive rate between the persons with tick bites and those without tick bites in 1987 (P<0.01). The titers in the older age group (over 30) were slightly higher than those of the younger age group (under 30). No relationship between the prevalence of Lyme manifestations by tick bites and the result of serological test was observed. Further investigations are necessary to assess the actual prevalence and incidence of infections using antigen of Lyme disease borreliae isolated in China.
Detection of Bacteria in Phagocyte‐Smears from Septicemia‐Suspected Blood by In Situ Hybridization Using Biotinylated Probes
Authors: Matsuhisa Akio , Saito Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Yoshimasa , Keshi Hiroyuki , Ueyama Hiroshi , Aikawa Youko , Kishi Youichiro , Ohno Tsuneya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report herein the detection of intracellular bacteria in phagocyte‐smears obtained from septicemia‐suspected blood samples by in situ hybridization. This was obtained by using nick‐translated biotin‐11‐dUTP‐labeled DNA probes and streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase conjugates for visualization of the hybridized signals. The probes were made from random genomic DNA clones of bacteria which are frequently the causative agents of bacteremia, such as Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. When our in situ hybridization method was compared with conventional culture protocols for the ability to detect bacteria from the blood of patients suspected of having septicemia, 30 positive results were obtained in 50 specimens by in situ hybridization methods. In contrast, only 7 positive results were obtained by blood cultures. Thus, even if bacteria cannot be detected by conventional blood cultures and histology, our in situ hybridization method allows for direct observation of bacterial foci in circulating phagocytes and identification of the bacteria. Our investigations suggest that in septicemia, circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils carry some surviving bacteria as well as metabolized bacterial DNA and RNA for a considerable period of time. Thus, our in situ hybridization method using the phagocyte‐smears have diagnostic value for detecting most bacteria which cause septicemia.
Role of Breast Milk in Acquisition of Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Minamishima Ikuko , Ueda Kohji , Minematsu Toshio , Minamishima Yoichi , Umemoto Masakazu , Take Hiromichi , Kuraya Kazue 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe prevalence of IgG antibody against cytomegalovirus (CMV) was compared between the age‐matched (0 month to 2 years of age) groups of 212 breast‐fed children and 223 bottle‐fed children to examine the role of breast milk for acquisition of CMV. Mothers of both groups of children were also examined for CMV IgG antibodies. Both the breast‐fed and bottle‐fed children groups showed high seropositivity for CMV at 0 to 2 months of age, which gradually decreased and bottomed at 6 to 8 months of age. Thereafter, in the breast‐fed children group, the seropositivity rate increased up to 70% by 1 year of age. In contrast, in the bottle‐fed children group, the seropositivity rate remained at the bottom level of lower than 30%, without showing any apparent increases. The serological data of the children whose mothers were confirmed to be seropositive, revealed that mother‐to‐child transmission of CMV occurred in 11 of 17 (64.7%) of the breast‐fed children and in 24 of 87 (27.6%) of the bottle‐fed children. All the bottle‐fed children born to seronegative mothers remained seronegative for CMV up to 1 year of age. The bottle‐fed children showed significantly lower seropositivity than the breast‐fed children, although most of both groups of children were born to seropositive mothers. The results strongly suggested that about 40% of the breast‐fed children acquire CMV via breast milk and breast‐feeding has certain protective effects on congenital CMV disease in the offspring.
Prevalence of Human Herpesvirus 6 Variants A and B in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Yalcin Safak , Kuratsune Hirohiko , Yamaguchi Koji , Kitani Teruo , Yamanishi Koichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 13 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and 13 healthy controls were analyzed for the presence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) DNA by variant‐specific polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridization. HHV‐6 DNA was detected in 7 of 13 (53%) patients, and of those 7 patients, 4 were positive for HHV‐6 variant A DNA and 3 were for variant B. No HHV‐6 DNA was detected in the controls. Serum antibody titers to the late antigen and antibody prevalence to the early antigen of HHV‐6 were significantly higher in the patient group. These results suggest active replication of HHV‐6 in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
The Role of MRSA (Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Adherence and Colonization in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Geriatric Patients in Nosocomial Pulmonary Infections
Authors: Rikitomi Naoto , Nagatake Tsuyoshi , Sakamoto Tasuku , Matsumoto Keizo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of nosocomial respiratory infections caused by MRSA (methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in geriatric patients was investigated. Seriously ill patients (SIP) undergoing naso‐gastric tube feeding or intravenous hyperalimentation and moderately ill patients (MIP) who were orally fed, were examined for their colonization and infection by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in the respiratory tract. Colonization of MRSA in the upper respiratory tract in SIP was from six to ten times higher than that in MIP and was associated with a high incidence of MRSA pulmonary infections. In vitro S. aureus adherence to nasal or oropharyngeal cells demonstrated that bacteria binding to nasal cells was higher, which probably can be interpreted as an elevated occurrence of S. aureus colonization in the nasal cavity than in the throat. The binding activity of MRSA was not superior to that of MSSA (methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus). Though MRSA binding to the nasal cells from SIP was not higher than those from MIP, MRSA colonization in the upper respiratory tract was more frequently seen in SIP (P < 0.01). A higher incidence of total infectious episodes (P < 0.02‐0.001) and more frequent use of antibiotics (P < 0.02‐0.001), which were potent against MSSA might be the basis for selection of MRSA in these patients. In fact, the rate of MRSA colonization on the skin (pressure sores) was also higher in SIP (P < 0.01). A low nutritional state in SIP (P < 0.01‐0.02) might also be associated with MRSA colonization. The present results indicate that the high frequency of infections, antibiotic administration, MRSA skin colonization and low nutritional condition, are enhancing factors of MRSA acquisition in the respiratory tract for SIP undergoing artificial feeding, in a geriatric hospital.