bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanographic variability in the South Pacific Convergence Zone region over the last 210 years from multi‐site coral Sr/Ca records
Authors: Wu Henry C. , Linsley Braddock K. , Dassié Emilie P. , Schiraldi Benedetto , deMenocal Peter B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the variability in a sub‐seasonally resolved microatoll Porites colony Sr/Ca record from Tonga and a previously published high‐resolution record from Fiji are strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) over the calibration period from 1981 to 2004 (R2 = 0.67–0.68). However, the Sr/Ca‐derived SST correlation to instrumental SST decreases back in time. The lower frequency secular trend (~1°C) and decadal‐scale (~2–3°C) modes in Sr/Ca‐derived SST are almost two times larger than that observed in instrumental SST. The coral Sr/Ca records suggest that local effects on SST generate larger amplitude variability than gridded SST products indicate. Reconstructed δ18O of seawater (δ18Osw) at these sites correlate with instrumental sea surface salinity (SSS; r = 0.64–0.67) but not local precipitation (r = −0.10 to −0.22) demonstrating that the advection and mixing of different salinity water masses may be the predominant control on δ18Osw in this region. The Sr/Ca records indicate SST warming over the last 100 years and appears to be related to the expansion of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) including an increasing rate of expansion in the last ~20 years. The reconstructed δ18Osw over the last 100 years also shows surface water freshening across the SPCZ. The warming and freshening of the surface ocean in our study area suggests that the SPCZ has been shifting (expanding) southeast, possibly related to the southward shift and intensification of the South Pacific gyre over the last 50 years in response to strengthened westerly winds.
Rare earth element concentrations and Nd isotopes in the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Jeandel C. , Delattre H. , Grenier M. , Pradoux C. , Lacan F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThree vertical profiles of rare earth element concentrations and Nd isotopic compositions have been measured in the remote southeast Pacific Ocean. The three stations represent contrasting environments: the oligotrophic center of the gyre (station GYR), the “transition zone” east of the South Tropical Front (station EGY), and the Peru‐Chile upwelling marked by a pronounced oxygen minimum (station UPX). Rare earth concentrations display nutrient like vertical profiles except at UPX where surface waters are enriched. At this station Nd isotopic compositions are clearly more radiogenic than in the open ocean, suggesting that boundary exchange process is releasing lithogenic rare earth element from the volcanic Andes. Unexpected radiogenic values (εNd reaching –3.7) are also observed at 2000 m at station GYR in the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water that commonly have εNd values around –6. Exchange processes related to hydrothermal activity are suspected to produce this increase in εNd in the vicinity of the East Pacific Rise. These results provide some guidance for higher resolution studies planned in this region by the international GEOTRACES program.
Electronic structure of iron in magnesium silicate glasses at high pressure
Authors: Gu Chen , Catalli Krystle , Grocholski Brent , Gao Lili , Alp Ercan , Chow Paul , Xiao Yuming , Cynn Hyunchae , Evans William J. , Shim Sang‐Heon 
Published: November 2012

A recent study attributed the source of an iron partitioning change between silicate melt and minerals at deep mantle conditions to a high‐spin to low‐spin change in iron, which was found in a Fe‐diluted Mg‐silicate glass at a similar pressure. We conducted X‐ray emission spectroscopy and nuclear forward scattering on iron‐rich Mg‐silicate glasses at high pressure and 300 K in the diamond‐anvil cell: Al‐free glass up to 135 GPa and Al‐bearing glass up to 93 GPa. In both glasses, the spin moment decreases gradually from 1 bar and does not reach a complete low‐spin state even at the peak pressures of this study. The gradual change may be due to the existence of diverse coordination environments for iron in the glasses and continuous structural adjustment of the disordered system with pressure. If the result can be extrapolated to iron in mantle melts, the small, gradual changes in the spin state of iron may not be the dominant factor explaining the reported sudden change in the partitioning behavior of iron between silicate melt and minerals at lower‐mantle pressures.
WITHDRAWN: Source Duration of Stress‐ and Water‐Induced Seismicity as Derived from Experimental Analysis of P Wave Pulse Width in Granite
Authors: Masuda Koji , Satoh Takashi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe used analyses of pulse widths of P waves in granite measured during a laboratory experiment to investigate source durations of rupture processes for water‐induced and stress‐induced microseismicity. Water was injected into a dry granite sample under constant axial stress of about 70% of fracture strength and a confining pressure of 40 MPa. After elimination of the effects of event size and hypocentral distance from observed pulse widths we obtained scaled source durations of 0.50 μs and 0.26 μs for stress‐induced and water‐induced microseismicity, respectively. This difference suggests that the rupture velocity of water‐induced microseismicity is greater than that of stress‐induced microseismicity or that fault geometry is more equidimensional in the wet state than in the dry state. Our results suggest that pulse‐width analysis of P waveforms can be used to distinguish water‐induced events from those induced by regional stress and to characterize the faulting process.
Intraplate and interplate faulting interactions during the August 31, 2012, Philippine Trench earthquake (Mw 7.6) sequence
Authors: Ye Lingling , Lay Thorne , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: November 2012

On August 31, 2012, a large (Mw 7.6) thrust earthquake occurred within the subducting Philippine Sea plate seaward of a low seismicity region of the plate boundary (9.5°N–11.5°N), possibly as a result of horizontal compressional stress accumulation offshore of a locked megathrust. The mainshock ruptured from ∼30–50 km depth, with high radiated‐energy/seismic‐moment ratio and enriched short‐period P‐wave radiation. The nine largest aftershocks with global centroid moment tensor solutions (Mw ∼5.2–5.6) were shallow (10–13 km) normal‐faulting outer‐rise events, and a waveform template analysis using regional broadband data indicates many (48/110) similar normal faulting events (mb 4.0–5.5) and a few (8/110) likely shallow thrust faulting events on the megathrust with additional very small unidentified events. Coulomb stress perturbations may contribute to the mix of intraplate and interplate faulting. Geodetic assessment of any slip deficit on the megathrust is essential for quantifying the potential for a future large interplate rupture in this region.
Longitudinal biases in the Seychelles Dome simulated by 35 ocean‐atmosphere coupled general circulation models
Authors: Nagura Motoki , Sasaki Wataru , Tozuka Tomoki , Luo Jing‐Jia , Behera Swadhin K. , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Seychelles Dome refers to the shallow climatological thermocline in the southwestern Indian Ocean, where ocean wave dynamics efficiently affect sea surface temperature, allowing sea surface temperature anomalies to be predicted up to 1–2 years in advance. Accurate reproduction of the dome by ocean‐atmosphere coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) is essential for successful seasonal predictions in the Indian Ocean. This study examines the Seychelles Dome as simulated by 35 CGCMs, including models used in phase five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Among the 35 CGCMs, 14 models erroneously produce an upwelling dome in the eastern half of the basin whereas the observed Seychelles Dome is located in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. The annual mean Ekman pumping velocity in these models is found to be almost zero in the southern off‐equatorial region. This result is inconsistent with observations, in which Ekman upwelling acts as the main cause of the Seychelles Dome. In the models reproducing an eastward‐displaced dome, easterly biases are prominent along the equator in boreal summer and fall, which result in shallow thermocline biases along the Java and Sumatra coasts via Kelvin wave dynamics and a spurious upwelling dome in the region. Compared to the CMIP3 models, the CMIP5 models are even worse in simulating the dome longitudes.
Dramatic Changeover of Regioselectivity in the Reduction of Propargylic Phosphates by Palladium(0)/SmI2/Proton Source System
Authors: Yoshida Akihiro , Mikami Koichi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Regiodivergent synthesis of allenes and acetylenes was established in the reduction of propargylic phosphates. The palladium(0)-catalyzed
reduction of secondary propargylic phosphates with samarium(II) iodide gave allenes or acetylenes by tuning proton sources (tert-butyl
alcohol or dimethyl L-tartrate).
Allometric relations and consequences for feeding in small pelagic fish in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Bachiller Eneko , Irigoien Xabier 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Bachiller, E. and Irigoien, X. 2013. Allometric relations and consequences for feeding in small pelagic fish in the Bay of Biscay. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:232–243. The body size of fish is an important factor in determining their biology and ecology, as predators eat prey smaller than themselves. Predator mouth size restricts the availability of possible prey. In this paper we provide the allometric relationships of eight common, small pelagic fish species in the Bay of Biscay. In addition, we describe the predator-prey size ratios for different species, and we determine changes in their ratio-based trophic-niche breadth with increasing body size. Results suggest that gape size does not totally determine the predator-prey size ratio distribution, but predators use the entire available prey size range, including the smallest. As they grow they simply incorporate larger prey as their increased gape size permits. Accordingly, a large degree of overlap was found in the diet composition in terms of size and predator-prey ratios, even between fish of different sizes. Of the species studied, only horse mackerels seem to be clearly specialized in relatively large prey.
Stem cell research: bibliometric analysis of main research areas through KeyWords Plus
Authors: Cantos‐Mateos G. , Vargas‐Quesada B. , Chinchilla‐Rodríguez Z. , Zulueta M.A. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeResearch with stem cells is a biomedical venture with great scientific impact, and whose development flows over into many other areas. This article aims to present a dual analysis of Spain's scientific output in this field during the period 1997‐2007.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used bibliometric indicators of a basic nature as well as techniques for the visualization and analysis of networks of scientific information based on a study of KeyWords Plus.FindingsThe output is mainly concentrated in Cataluña and Madrid, and hospitals are the most productive centres (followed by health institutes), where the main authors are affiliated. Main categories are hematology, oncology and biophysics. The outstanding areas of study revolve around the therapeutic use of transplant of hematopoietic progenitors, the processes of generation, proliferation and differentiation of lines of cells, and the study of neurosciences.Originality/valueThis study provides an overview of Spanish research involving stem cells, detecting and representing the main areas of research. The article considers the potential of KeyWords Plus in combination with the proposed methodology as particularly useful for the analysis and delimitation of a scientific domain.
Bibliometric and webometric methods for assessing research collaboration
Authors: Shari Sharunizam , Haddow Gaby , Genoni Paul 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the methods and findings of a pilot study which applied bibliometrics and webometrics to examine collaboration in Malaysian biotechnology.Design/methodology/approachThe research applied bibliometric and webometric methods to publications and web sites affiliated with Malaysian institutions. The bibliometric analysis focused on biotechnology‐related journal articles indexed in Web of Knowledge. The webometric analysis examined the web sites of top biotechnology institutions generated in the bibliometric analysis. Collaboration behaviour was assessed in three ways: intra‐institutional versus inter‐institutional; national versus international collaboration; and by type of institution collaboration according to the triple helix model.FindingsFindings of the pilot study, which applied bibliometric and webometric analyses to a limited sample, indicate that the methodologies will collect the desired data for a more extensive study.Research limitations/implicationsThe quantitative research results describe the collaboration evident in publications and web sites, but not why it has happened in such a way.Practical implicationsThe methodologies provide a framework for similar research exploring the impacts of collaboration in an e‐research environment. The methodology is innovative and practical in terms of the combined use of bibliometric and webometric analyses.Originality/valueThis is one of few studies that has examined collaboration using both bibliometric and webometric methods, and elements of the methodology appear to be unique to the study. The methodologies will contribute to an emerging body of literature that explores the nature of research productivity and research collaboration.
Baby boomers, their elders and the public library
Authors: Cavanagh Mary F. , Robbins Wendy 
Published: November 2012

PurposeCanada's aging population is expected to have an impact on all public institutions; for public libraries, the emergence of a large, multi‐generational user group of older adults challenges the current paradigm of services to seniors. The purpose of this paper is to report on the reflections of a small sample of baby boomers and how the public library‐as place contributes to their caring relationships with their elders.Design/methodology/approachThis study examined a subset of baby boomer library patrons who are in caring relationships with elders. The study is theoretically framed by the ethic of care and emerging theories of library‐as‐place grounded in human geography and sociology. An instrumental case study of seven carers in an urban Canadian city was conducted, using long form interviews.FindingsFindings suggest that while these baby boomer respondents value their libraries deeply, there is potential to create services and practices more attuned to the needs of older adults who are in relationships with elders.Research limitations/implicationsAs a single case of a small sample of baby boomers, this study is limited by its size, scope and geography. The direct voices of the elders could not practically be incorporated into this study and should be considered in future research.Originality/valueThis study offers an alternate framework to library‐as‐place studies based on a specific profile of “older adult” library users. It examines the library needs and uses of a small but rapidly growing sector of many public library communities. Older adults can be seen by libraries as two distinct demographic groups – the very old (elders) and their younger peers (baby boomers).
Library instruction and information literacy 2011
Authors: Johnson Anna Marie , Sproles Claudene , Detmering Robert , English Jessica 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a selected bibliography of recent resources on library instruction and information literacy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper introduces and annotates periodical articles, monographs, and audiovisual material examining library instruction and information literacy.FindingsInformation is provided about each source, and the paper discusses the characteristics of current scholarship, and describes sources that contain unique scholarly contributions and quality reproductions.Originality/valueThe information may be used by librarians and interested parties as a quick reference to literature on library instruction and information literacy.
Public sector commercial orientation and the social contract
Authors: Rkein Ali , Andrew Brian 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to study the workings of commercial orientation, with a focus on performance management, in an environment that is characterised by limited competition between the public and the private sectors and a high level of government social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive case study approach is adopted for this study. It draws on primary data from interviews with key personnel in public sector organisations, and on secondary data from government publications such as annual reports and budget papers.FindingsThis study shows that the market‐based performance management system has failed to achieve its intended objectives because it was introduced in a socio‐economic context that is hardly supportive of market management practices. The study shows that service delivery to the public has remained driven by social rather than economic imperatives. In the absence of other service providers, the Government's social responsibility towards its citizens has compelled service provision irrespective of the cost and reduced the cost‐benefit relationship in having informative costing systems.Practical implicationsExamining the workings of a market‐based performance management system in a non‐competitive setting provides evidence of the difficulty of achieving the intended benefits from the adoption of commercial practices in public sector agencies in some cases.Originality/valueWhereas extant literature focuses on the adoption of business practices in the process of public sector reform, no prior study has looked at this concept in a non‐competitive market. Understanding the workings of the market practices in such an environment where contestability is limited is fundamental to policy makers and researchers.
Introducing Taylor to the knowledge economy
Authors: Paton Steve 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe knowledge economy and the knowledge work that fuels it have created much debate in relation to the types of workers it requires and how they should be managed. The central issue is that “knowledge workers” are only valuable while possessing a body of knowledge to utilise in the process of their work. The management of workers with knowledge runs counter to the more mainstream Taylorist systems based on the assimilation of knowledge into the organisation. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically analyse the usefulness of Scientific Management as a management system for controlling knowledge work.Design/methodology/approachThrough a review of relevant literature this paper compares the main principles of scientific management with the theory of knowledge work in an attempt to understand their relationship.FindingsThis paper finds that: despite the need for workers to retain knowledge the main principles of scientific management can still be applied; and the application of Scientific Management to knowledge work will result in an increasing division of knowledge, as opposed to division of task, which compliments the trend towards increasing occupational specialisation.Originality/valueThis article proposes that Scientific Management should be considered as a useful tool to manage knowledge work. This view runs counter to more mainstream accounts where Scientific Management and knowledge work are seen as incompatible. This paper partially fills the gap in understanding of how knowledge workers should be managed and is useful to academics seeking to characterise knowledge work and practitioners seeking to manage in the knowledge economy.
Leaders’ transformational, conflict, and emotion management behaviors in culturally diverse workgroups
Authors: Ayoko Oluremi B. , Konrad Alison M. 
Published: November 2012

PurposePrevious research has shown that diversity is related to both task and relationship conflict in groups. The purpose of this paper is to posit that leadership is an important factor for maintaining high group performance and morale under conditions of conflict. Specifically, the paper argues that leader conflict management, emotion management, and transformational behaviors determine the impact of conflict on group outcomes.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 585 people in 89 workgroups from eight public service organizations in Australia. The authors used hierarchical regression to test the hypotheses regarding group performance and morale. To test mediation and moderation, the authors followed the procedure outlined by Baron and Kenny. Finally, they used the formulas provided by Preacher, Rucker and Hayes to test for moderated mediation.FindingsResults showed that diversity increased task conflict but was unrelated to relationship conflict. Both task and relationship conflict were negatively associated with group performance and morale, and effective leadership reduced these negative effects to zero. There was also a partial support for the authors’ theoretical model predicting that leadership moderates the indirect effect of diversity on group outcomes occurring through the mediator of conflict.Research limitations/implicationsA greater amount of variation in the diversity of work groups included in the sample would have been useful for overcoming problems of restriction of range, which likely reduced ability to observe an association between diversity and group outcomes. Based on the results, in order to prevent negative emotions from task and relationship conflict from damaging group performance, leaders of diverse groups can act to manage those emotions among their group members. Results from this study implicate conflict management training. While training for conflict management is beyond the scope of this research, further research should examine this issue.Originality/valueThe study extends research in the area of diversity, leadership and group work. In particular, it demonstrates that transformational leadership is an important factor for maintaining high group performance and morale under conditions of conflict. It also offers practical assistance to individuals entrusted with the responsibility of managing culturally diverse workgroups.