bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the association between the FTO gene and neuroticism reveals indirect effects on subjective well-being and problematic alcohol use
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Forsell Yvonne , Lavebratt Catharina , Melas Philippe A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAssociations between the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and obesity are well-established. However, recent studies have linked FTO to addiction phenotypes and dopaminergic signaling, thus suggesting broader psychiatric implications. We explored this assumption by conducting a phenome-wide association study across 4756 genome-wide association studies, identifying 23–26 psychiatric traits associated with FTO at the multiple-corrected significance level. These traits clustered into four categories: substance use, chronotype/sleep, well-being, and neuroticism. To validate these findings, we analyzed a functionally suggestive FTO variant (rs1421085) in a separate cohort, examining its impact on (i) alcohol use based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), (ii) subjective well-being based on the WHO (Ten) Well-Being Index, and (iii) neuroticism based on Schafer’s Five Factor Model or the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Our results confirmed a direct association between rs1421085 and neuroticism that was independent of age, sex, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), and childhood adversities. Interestingly, while no direct association with alcohol intake was observed, both cross-sectional and lagged longitudinal mediation analyses uncovered indirect relationships between rs1421085 and problematic alcohol use (AUDIT-P), with increased neuroticism acting as the intermediary. Mediation analyses also supported an indirect effect of rs1421085 on lower well-being through the pathways of increased neuroticism and BMI. Our study is the first to validate a direct association between FTO and neuroticism. However, additional studies are warranted to affirm the causal pathways linking FTO to well-being and alcohol use through neuroticism.
Airports for the genetic rescue of a former agricultural pest
Authors: Búci Matúš , Krajmerová Diana , Tám Branislav , Kaňuch Peter , Klinga Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe intensification of agricultural practices and urbanisation are widespread causes of biodiversity loss. However, the role of artificial habitats in genetic rescue is an aspect that is not well understood. Implementing genetic rescue measures to improve gene flow and maintain a viable population of keystone species is a crucial prerequisite for promoting diverse and resilient ecosystems. Landscape fragmentation and modern agricultural methods have caused the decline and the isolation of the remnant colonies of the endangered European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) throughout its range. However, the artificial habitat, such as airport fields with regular grass mowing, provides suitable conditions for this grassland specialist. We measured home range size and genetic variation of seven souslik colonies in western Slovakia. Based on the 6904 ddRAD SNPs, we found significantly higher individual heterozygosity in colonies on airports compared to colonies on pastures. This indicates a potential for higher fitness of individuals from airport colonies, which can serve as a source for evidence-based translocations. Such an intervention can preserve the genetic diversity of small and isolated populations in the region. We emphasize that conservation management strategies would be strengthened including a specific focus on human-made grassland habitats.
Development of an extended action fostemsavir lipid nanoparticle
Authors: Islam Farhana , Das Srijanee , Ashaduzzaman Md , Sillman Brady , Yeapuri Pravin , Nayan Mohammad Ullah , Oupický David , Gendelman Howard E. , Kevadiya Bhavesh D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn extended action fostemsavir (FTR) lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation prevents human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection. This FTR formulation establishes a drug depot in monocyte-derived macrophages that extend the drug’s plasma residence time. The LNP’s physicochemical properties improve FTR’s antiretroviral activities, which are linked to the drug’s ability to withstand fluid flow forces and levels of drug cellular internalization. Each is, in measure, dependent on PEGylated lipid composition and flow rate ratios affecting the size, polydispersity, shape, zeta potential, stability, biodistribution, and antiretroviral efficacy. The FTR LNP physicochemical properties enable the drug-particle’s extended actions.
Dwarf galaxies as a probe of a primordially magnetized Universe
Authors: Sanati Mahsa , Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Schober Jennifer , Revaz Yves , Slyz Adrianne , Devriendt Julien 
Published: July 2024

Aims. The true nature of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) and their role in the formation of galaxies remains elusive. To shed light on these unknowns, we investigated their impact by varying two sets of properties: (i) accounting for the effect of PMFs on the initial matter power spectrum and (ii) accounting for their magneto-hydrodynamical effects on the formation of galaxies. By comparing both, we can determine the dominant agent in shaping galaxy evolution.
Methods. We used the magneto-hydrodynamics code RAMSES to generate multiple new zoom-in simulations for eight different host halos of dwarf galaxies across a wide luminosity range of 103 − 106 L⊙. These halos were selected from a ΛCDM cosmological box, tracking their evolution down to redshift z = 0. We explored a variety of primordial magnetic field (comoving) strengths of Bλ ranging from 0.05 to 0.50 nG.
Results. We find that magnetic fields in the interstellar medium not only modify star formation processes in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, but these fields also entirely prevent the formation of stars in less compact, ultra-faint galaxies with halo masses and stellar masses below, respectively, ∼2.5 × 109 and 3 × 106 M⊙. At high redshifts, the impact of PMFs on host halos of dwarf galaxies through the modification of the matter power spectrum is more dominant than the influence of magneto-hydrodynamics in shaping their gaseous structure. Through the amplification of small perturbations ranging in mass from 107 to 109 M⊙ in the ΛCDM+PMFs matter power spectrum, primordial fields expedite the formation of the first dark matter halos, leading to an earlier onset and a higher star formation rate at redshifts of z > 9. We investigated the evolution of various energy components and demonstrated that magnetic fields with an initial strength of Bλ ≥ 0.05 nG exhibit a strong growth of magnetic energy, accompanied by a saturation phase that begins soon after the growth phase. These trends persist consistently, regardless of the initial conditions or whether it is the classical ΛCDM model or ΛCDM modified by PMFs. Lastly, we investigated the impact of PMFs on the present-time observable properties of dwarf galaxies, namely: the half light radius, V-band luminosity, mean metallicity, and velocity dispersion profile. We find that PMFs with moderate strengths of Bλ ≤ 0.10 nG show an impressive agreement with the scaling relations of the observed Local Group dwarfs. However, stronger fields lead to larger sizes and higher velocity dispersions.
Evolution of central galaxy alignments in simulations
Authors: Rodriguez F. , Merchán M. , Artale M. C. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Observations suggest that red central galaxies align closely with their group galaxies and the large-scale environment. This finding was also replicated in simulations, which added information about the alignment of the stars that form the galaxies with the dark matter in the halo they inhabit. These results were obtained for the present Universe. Our study aims to build upon previous findings by examining the evolution of central galaxy alignment with the environment, as well as the alignment between the stellar and dark matter components.
Aims. Based on previous studies, in this work, we describe the evolution of the alignment of bright central galaxies over time and try to understand the process leading to the current observed alignment.
Methods. By employing the merger trees from the simulation, we tracked the alignment evolution of the central galaxy sample at z = 0 used in a previous study, the results of which correspond to observations. In particular, we exploited the anisotropic correlation function to study the alignment of the central galaxies with their environment and the probability distribution of the angle between the axes of the shape tensor calculated for each component to deepen the analysis of the stellar and dark matter components.
Results. We provide a description of the evolution of alignment in bright central galaxies with a focus on the distinctions between red and blue galaxies. Furthermore, we find that the alignment of the dark matter halo differs from that of the stellar material within it. According to these findings, the assembly process and mergers influenced the evolution of the alignment.
Gesundheitskompetenz, Anlaufstellen, ungedeckte subjektive Bedarfe und
Behandlungszufriedenheit von Long-COVID-Betroffenen mit langanhaltender
neuropsychiatrischer Symptomatik
Authors: Jung Franziska , Zülke Andrea , Wirkner Kerstin , Reusche Matthias , Engel Christoph , Sander Christian , Witte Veronica , Zeynalova Samira , Loeffler Markus , Villringer Arno , Saur Dorothee , Schomerus Georg , Luppa Melanie , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Gesundheitskompetenz
(GK) sowie verschiedener Versorgungsaspekte von Long-COVID-Betroffenen.
Methodik Daher wurden 407 Long-COVID Betroffene mit langanhaltender
neuropsychiatrischer Symptomatik im LIFE-Studienzentrum befragt. Mittels
deskriptiver, sowie Regressionsanalysen wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen
Gesundheitskompetenz (HLS-EU-Q16) und Versorgungsaspekten (RehaQ-N1) untersucht.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 35,8% der Befragten eine problematische
und 17,9% eine inadäquate GK aufwies. Die subjektiven Bedarfe waren mehrheitlich
ungedeckt und 47,7% der Betroffenen waren mit der erhaltenen Therapie
unzufrieden.
Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Studie schätzten Long-COVID Betroffene
ihre Gesundheitskompetenz verhältnismäßig gering ein. Das Gesundheitssystem scheint
wenig auf die Betroffenen vorbereitet zu sein, was sich in ungedeckten Bedarfen und
niedriger Behandlungszufriedenheit niederschlägt – insbesondere bei Betroffenen mit
geringer GK.
Careers in Skull Base and Open Cerebrovascular Surgery: Factors Associated with Academic Job Placement
Authors: Dyess Garrett A. , Ghalib Mohammed Anas , Taylor Zachary , Sabetta Zackary , Taylor Ethan , Butler Danner , Bassett Maxon , Harris Luke , Bolus Harris , Shahid Adnan , Thakur Jai D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Fellowship training has become increasingly sought after by neurosurgeons aiming for academic careers over the last two decades. This study assesses American Board of Neurological Surgeons board-certified neurosurgeons specializing in skull base or open cerebrovascular surgery between 2013 and 2023, focusing on identifying academic career predictors through demographic and academic outputs.
Methods The study utilized the American Association of Neurological Surgeons Neurosurgical Fellowship Training Program Directory to identify neurosurgeons certified from 2013 to 2023, gathering demographic details and academic productivity from Scopus.
Results Among 173 neurosurgeons, 87.86% were male, 36.36% were graduates from top 40 National Institutes of Health-funded medical schools, and 49.42% completed their residency in highly ranked departments. In univariate analysis, predictors for an academic career included publishing in the field before residency (p = 0.03054), a higher h-index before and after residency (p = 0.03976 and 0.0003101), and increased publication volume during and up to 3 years post-fellowship (2.284e-06). Multivariate analysis found that publication volume during and up to 3 years post-fellowship (odds ratio [OR] = 4.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07–11.9, p = 0.0003) and basic science publications (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.05–5.49, p = 0.038) were the most significant predictors of academic career placement.
Conclusion The study underscores the strong link between the academic career success of neurosurgeons trained in skull base and open cerebrovascular surgery and their research productivity, particularly publication volume during key career stages and involvement in basic science research. This highlight sustained research activity as a critical determinant of academic career achievement, surpassing the influence of training institution prestige.
Design and Development of a Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Co-delivery of Curcumin and Naringin for Improved Wound Healing Activity in an Animal Model
Authors: Shah Ismail , Shafique Muhammad , Hayat Ajmal , Jabbar Abdul , Ullah Shafi , Shah Muhammad Raza , Balouch Aziz , Gul Farah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study endeavored to design and develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to improve the solubility and dermatological absorption of curcumin and naringin. Curcumin and naringin-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system formulations were developed using aqueous phase titration. Phase diagrams were used to pinpoint the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system zones. Tween 80 and Labrasol (surfactants), Transcutol (cosurfactant), and cinnamon oil were chosen from a large pool of surfactants, cosurfactants, and oils based on their solubility and greatest nano-emulsion region. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta sizer, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the optimized formulations and test for dilution and thermodynamic stability. The optimized curcumin-naringin-self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system demonstrated the following characteristics: polydispersity index (0.412 ± 0.03), % transmittance (97%), particle size
(212.5 ± 05 nm), zeta potential (− 25.7 ± 1.80 mV) and having a smooth and spherical droplet shape, as shown by atomic force microscopy. The ability of their combined formulation to cure wounds was tested in comparison to pure curcumin suspension, empty self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, and standard fusidic acid. Upon topical administration, the optimized curcumin-naringin-self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system demonstrated significant wound healing activity in comparison with a pure curcumin suspension, empty self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, and standard fusidic acid. Based upon this result, we assume that skin penetration was increased by using the optimized curcumin-naringin-self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system with enhanced solubility.
Examining Neural Correlates of Sexual Preferences between Persian Homo- and Heterosexual Males Using Psychological Assessments and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Specifying Cognitive Map: A Limited and Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khorshidi Abdollah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough the brain is an important part of a person's sexual life, little is known about the correlations between sexual response and brain activation. This study examines brain responses through clinical testing to reveal several brain structures whose activation is relevant to sexual arousal besides psychological testing according to the common traditional values and standards of Iranian society. Based on an initial self-report, 25 homosexual and 25 heterosexual males participated in this test to elucidate the identity and sexual trends via the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Also, an fMRI technique—by presenting distinct homo- and heterosexual sex erotic pictures during the test—was employed in neural correlates of sexual arousal via blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal measuring and Statistical Parametric Mapping analysis. In five selected homosexuals by the most appropriate MMPI test score, brain activities were significantly detected in the midbrain, amygdala, anterior cingulate gyrus, frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, globus pallidus, thalamus, and putamen when the participant saw the erotic pictures during the test, which were responsive to sexual arousal. Also, bilateral caudate nucleus, left angular gyrus, and bilateral pallidum were activated but five selected heterosexuals showed no activation in these areas (p < 0.001). Likewise, the MMPI method confirmed that homosexuality was relevant to diverse life positions, and biological and socioeconomic aspects. The maximum positive correlations were pairwise found in the parietal lobule by r = 0.61 (p < 0.05) and in the frontal gyrus by r = 0.64 (p = 0.10), and the minimum negative correlations were in globus pallidus by r = − 0.18 (p < 0.10) and r = − 0.16 (p < 0.10) for homosexuals and heterosexuals, correspondingly. These results may be useful for understanding the different neural mechanisms of personality recognition and sexual orientation changes while incorporating the individual's history and experience simultaneously into the assessment.
The Spectrum of Childhood-Onset Lower Motor Neuron Disease of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Phenotype Associated with Survival Motor Neuron-2 Gene Deletion
Authors: Ganguly Somenath , Chakraborty Durga Prasad , Roychoudhury Satyabrata , Nandi Madhumita , Das Suman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPediatric lower motor neuron disease is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. We characterized disease progression among children with the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) phenotype having 2:0 (group A) and 2:1 (group B) of the survival motor neuron 1/2 (SMN1:SMN2) genotype over 1 year. We included children aged 0 to 12 with the SMA phenotype between January 2018 and December 2021. Their demographic, clinical (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders [CHOP-INTEND] scores), electrophysiological, radiological, and genetic data were collected from past medical records. The sequential CHOP-INTEND scores and the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes were compared using an analysis of covariance test, controlling for age and sex. A linear regression was run to determine the association between the ages of the patients and the CHOP-INTEND scores. Among nine children in group A and six in group B, the decline of the mean (standard deviation) CHOP-INTEND score from the initial value to the 12th-month follow-up value was significant only in group A. CHOP-INTEND scores did not significantly differ between the two groups at the first admission but were significantly lower in group A at the subsequent visits. Group A patients had significantly lower CMAP amplitudes than patients in group B. There was a moderate, negative association between the age of patients and the CHOP-INTEND scores in group A. Group A patients had a significantly higher age-dependent decline in CHOP-INTEND scores and CMAP values than group B, although their age and the severity of weakness did not significantly differ at presentation.
A Prospective Comparative Study of Ray Resection versus Amputation through Proximal Phalanx for Nonviable Digits of Upper Limb
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , John Jerry R. , Gupta Tarush , Sharma Ramesh K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Finger amputations aim at preserving function and optimizing cosmesis. The crucial decision here is whether to preserve a stump or to do a ray amputation. The present study aimed to compare the functional outcome and postoperative quality of life after ray amputation or amputation through the proximal phalanx.
Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 in patients requiring single-finger amputation through the proximal phalanx or metacarpal. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A: amputation through the proximal phalanx and Group B: ray amputation of the finger. The following functional parameters were assessed: grip strength, hand circumference, palmar volume, and webspace span. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) score was employed to score hand function and aesthesis at 6 months in both hands.
Results Thirty patients were enrolled. Findings in 26 patients (52 hands) were subjected to further analysis, 12 in Group A and 14 in Group B. Patients in both groups lost grip strength significantly compared with their contralateral normal hands (29.22 ± 14.88 [Group A] and 34.57 ± 19.12 [Group B]); however, it was statistically nonsignificant between the two groups. There was reduced mean palmar circumference in both groups' involved hands, but the decrease in circumference was statistically significant, only for Group B. Group B patients scored better in all the six subscales of the MHQ; however, only the Aesthetics score was significantly superior. The operated hand's webspace span increased significantly with respect to the normal contralateral web by a mean of 4.55 mm.
Conclusion The study concluded that both the surgical options for the level of amputation should be discussed with the patients in detail, taking into account their occupational and personal requirements. Our study findings will help to objectively counsel the patients regarding expectations in functional and aesthetic outcomes following either technique.
Trauma or in search of lost agency
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Rosaura 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explore the healing power of psychoanalytic narrating of trauma and its being listened to as a way of recovering the agency that violence has stripped away. Based on the Freudian theory of trauma, Judith Butler’s theory of subjection and Hannah Arendt’s theory of action, I analyze how agency is not a full a priori but rather an a posteriori construction achieved, in a deferred manner, in the story told to another who listens.
Answers to frequently asked questions about the pulsar timing array Hellings and Downs curve
Authors: Romano J D , Allen B 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Hellings and Downs correlation curve—the ‘smoking-gun’ signature that pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected gravitational waves (GWs). Many of these questions arise from inadvertently applying intuition about the effects of GWs on LIGO-like detectors to the case of pulsar timing, where not all of it applies. This is because Earth-based detectors, like LIGO and Virgo, have arms that are short (km scale) compared to the wavelengths of the GWs that they detect (≈102–104km). In contrast, PTAs respond to GWs whose wavelengths (tens of light-years) are much shorter than their arms (a typical PTA pulsar is hundreds to thousands of light-years from Earth). To demonstrate this, we calculate the time delay induced by a passing GW along an Earth-pulsar baseline (a ‘one-arm, one-way’ detector) and compare it in the ‘short-arm’ (LIGO-like) and ‘long-arm’ (PTA) limits. This provides qualitative and quantitative answers to many questions about the Hellings and Downs curve. The resulting FAQ sheet should help in understanding the ‘evidence for GWs’ recently announced by several PTA collaborations.