bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for depression in patients with epilepsy: What are the benefits for physicians and patients in the real‐life setting
Authors: von Wrede Randi , Witt Juri‐Alexander , Jessen Nina , Lossius Morten I. , Moskau‐Hartmann Susanna , Helmstaedter Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveScreening for depression in people with epilepsy (PWE) is highly recommended in order to avoid underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, or delayed diagnosis of this highly impacting comorbidity. Here we evaluated the impact of reporting and suggesting depression via the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) on medical decision‐making, and thereby the value of a depression screening for good medical practice.MethodsOf 445 BDI data sets, PWE with scores indicating moderate (BDI 19–29) to severe depressive disorder (BDI >29) were extracted and clinical reports were retrospectively reviewed regarding decisions on antidepressants, anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), and non‐pharmaceutical interventions.ResultsSixty‐four PWE (14%; 56% female; mean age 39.7 years) showed elevated BDI scores, with 40 (63%) categorized as moderate depression and 24 (37%) as severe depression. Thirty‐nine percent of PWE already had a pre‐existing diagnosis of depression and 53% left the clinic with the diagnosis of depression, half of them with antidepressants. High depression scores were associated with any intervention in 53%, interventions with potentially mood affecting ASM in 19%, treatment with antidepressants in 11%, and non‐pharmaceutical interventions in 41%. Non‐pharmaceutical interventions were related to BDI scores. Changes of potentially mood‐affecting ASMs were more frequent in PWE with moderate scores, and introduction of antidepressants appeared as a trend related to higher depression scores.SignificanceThe finding of an only weak relation between high depression scores, diagnoses of depression, and treatment consequences questions the diagnosis and treatment pathway and the clinical value of the BDI screening in PWE. Prospective standard procedures need to be established for depression diagnosis and treatment including follow‐up evaluations of the validity of the diagnosis and effectiveness of the decisions taken.
Osseous cyst‐like lesions in an unusual location in the equine distal phalanx
Authors: Fairburn Alison , Busschers Evita , Sherlock Ceri 
Published: August 2024

SummaryOsseous cyst‐like lesions (OCLLs) of the distal phalanx commonly occur around midline. The dorsopalmar location can be challenging to identify radiographically; however, advanced imaging has shown they are typically located in the central and palmar thirds of the bone. This study reports unusually located OCLLs in the dorsal, axial aspect of the palmar processes of the distal phalanx in three horses, with communication with the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint confirmed by contrast arthrography in two horses. All horses were lame and had lameness localised to the distal limb with diagnostic anaesthesia. A rounded radiolucency with a surrounding rim of increased opacity was identified in the dorsal aspect of a palmar process on radiographs, with the palmaroproximal–palmarodistal oblique (PaPrPaDiO) view being most useful. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesions were seen as hyperintense structure on T2*, T2 FSE and STIR sequences; a thin rim of intermediate signal surrounding a low signal centre was seen on T1 images. A rim of low T1/T2 FSE signal was seen in the surrounding bone in all cases, consistent with sclerosis, and mildly increased STIR signal was present in the surrounding trabecular bone in two cases. Two horses underwent standing cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) examination of the affected foot, revealing a well‐defined hypoattenuating region within the dorsal, axial aspect of the palmar process of the distal phalanx, with surrounding rim of increased attenuation. Contrast arthrography was performed in two cases, one using radiographs and the other CT, and confirmed communication of the cystic lesion with the DIP joint in both cases. Although advanced imaging provided further information and allowed other possible causes of lameness to be identified, careful assessment of radiographs allowed these unusually located OCLLs to be identified in all cases.
Efficient malware detection using hybrid approach of transfer learning and generative adversarial examples with image representation
Authors: Zhao Yue , Ullah Farhan , Chen Chien‐Ming , Amoon Mohammed , Kumari Saru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIdentifying malicious intent within a program, also known as malware, is a critical security task. Many detection systems remain ineffective due to the persistent emergence of zero‐day variants, despite the pervasive use of antivirus tools for malware detection. The application of generative AI in the realm of malware visualization, particularly when binaries are depicted as colour visuals, represents a significant advancement over traditional machine‐learning approaches. Generative AI generates various samples, minimizing the need for specialized knowledge and time‐consuming analysis, hence boosting zero‐day attack detection and mitigation. This paper introduces the Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network for Zero‐Shot Learning (DCGAN‐ZSL), leveraging transfer learning and generative adversarial examples for efficient malware classification. First, a normalization method is proposed, resizing malicious images to 128 × 128 or 300 × 300 for standardized input, enhancing feature transformation for improved malware pattern recognition. Second, greyscale representations are converted into colour images to augment feature extraction, providing a richer input for enhanced model performance in malware classification. Third, a novel DCGAN with progressive training improves model stability, mode collapse, and image quality, thus advancing generative model training. We apply the Attention ResNet‐based transfer learning method to extract texture features from generated samples, which increases security evaluation performance. Finally, the ZSL for zero‐day malware presents a novel method for identifying previously unknown threats, indicating a significant advancement in cybersecurity. The proposed approach is evaluated using two standard datasets, namely dumpware and malimg, achieving malware classification accuracies of 96.21% and 98.91%, respectively.
DemocracyGuard: Blockchain‐based secure voting framework for digital democracy
Authors: Peelam Mritunjay Shall , Kumar Gaurav , Shah Kunjan , Chamola Vinay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOnline voting is gaining traction in contemporary society to reduce costs and boost voter turnout, allowing individuals to cast their ballots from anywhere with an internet connection. This innovation is cautiously met due to the inherent security risks, where a single vulnerability can lead to widespread vote manipulation. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address these concerns and create a trustworthy electoral process. Blockchain offers a decentralized network of nodes that enhances transparency, security, and verifiability. Its distributed ledger and non‐repudiation features make it a compelling alternative to traditional electronic voting systems, ensuring the integrity of elections. To further bolster the security of online voting, we propose DemocracyGuard platform on the Ethereum blockchain, which incorporates facial recognition technology to authenticate voters. By leveraging these advancements, DemocracyGuard aims to provide a secure and resilient platform for online voting, paving the way for its broader adoption and revolutionizing the electoral landscape.
Fatigue prediction and optimization of laser peened turbine blade using artificial neural networks and ANFIS
Authors: Ayeb Manel , Turki Mourad , Frija Mounir , Fathallah Raouf 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the fatigue behavior prediction of Ti‐6Al‐4V thin‐leading‐edge turbine blade specimens treated with laser shock peening (LSP) using two advanced artificial intelligence (AI) methods: artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The study aims to estimate the endurance under high cycle loading conditions. First, using ABAQUS and MATLAB software, the modified Crossland criterion for uniaxial loading is applied to recalibrate endurance limit values based on modifications induced by the LSP process. Then, these techniques are employed to predict the modified Crossland criterion profile and endurance limit values influenced by the LSP treatment. Specifically, numerical values are used as training and testing data for these AI models. As a result, these AI methods provide highly accurate prediction and optimization of the modified Crossland criterion and endurance limits, demonstrating their reliability and effectiveness.
Evaluation of vibration‐induced local fatigue based on guided wave measurement
Authors: Xia Yunxian , Zhang Chao , Huang Yuxiang , Tao Chongcong , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo investigate the local damage characteristics and properties of stiffness degradation in aluminum structures under vibration fatigue, an evaluation method of the fatigue property for local areas has been proposed by identifying the stiffness from the phase velocity obtained by the laser ultrasonic system. First, vibration fatigue tests were conducted on 2024‐O aluminum alloy components under four different stress levels. To address the issue of local damage characteristics under vibration fatigue, a scan window to achieve the local phase velocities within a small local region was employed, and then, the local stiffness can be calculated. By tracking the residual stiffness of the weakest region, the local damage factor was calculated. A unified model with normalized periods at different stress levels was carried out to predict the evolutionary trend. This approach offers a more efficient alternative to estimate local fatigue damage and residual life through the monitoring of local stiffness during maintenance.
An enhanced fatigue damage model based on strength degradation of composite materials
Authors: Liu Sanxing , Liu Zhi , Zhou Kai , Liu Ying , Xiong Xingjia , Liao Tao , Ye Nanhai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn enhanced nonlinear fatigue damage cumulative model proposed is based on the strength degradation characteristics of composites, aiming to investigate damage progression under fatigue loading. Building upon this foundation, given the assumption of a linear correlation between fatigue cumulative damage and stress level, a methodology is presented for extrapolating the damage curve of untested stress levels from that of tested stress levels. The model substantiates its reliability by validating against experimental data from several distinct material types. The reliability of the model has been validated using experimental data from multiple groups of materials. The experimental results indicate that the model can effectively reflect the fatigue damage development characteristics of composite materials. Simultaneously, the predicted stress levels derived from the proposed methodology show lesser deviation from the fitted data. Finally, a life prediction method founded on the proposed model is introduced, validated for its high prediction accuracy through experimentation.
Effects of a high‐phosphate diet on vascular calcification and abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice
Authors: Komuro Aya , Son Bo‐Kyung , Nanao‐Hamai Michiko , Song Zehan , Ogawa Sumito , Akishita Masahiro 
Published: August 2024

AimVascular aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and pathological aortic dilatation, playing a critical role in the morbidity and mortality of older adults. Vascular calcification, a phenotype of vascular aging, is frequently associated with AAA. However, this association remains unclear owing to the lack of animal models. This study investigated the effects of a high‐phosphate diet (HPD), a prominent trigger of vascular calcification in AAA.MethodsEight‐week‐old male mice were fed either a normal diet (ND; Ca 1.18%/P 1.07% = 1.10) or an HPD (Ca 1.23%/P 1.65% = 0.75) for 4 weeks. Subsequently, AAA was induced using CaCl2 application and angiotensin II (AngII) infusion for 4 weeks.ResultsThe HPD resulted in more pronounced AAA formation than did the ND. Importantly, vascular calcification was observed only in the aorta of the HPD mice. Enhanced Runt‐related transcription factor 2 expression and apoptosis (downregulation of growth arrest‐specific gene 6/pAkt survival pathway), two major mechanisms of vascular calcification, were also observed. Furthermore, increased IL‐6 and F4/80 expression was observed in the aorta of HPD mice. In RAW264.7 cells, inorganic phosphate enhanced IL‐6 and IL‐1β expression under AngII priming. Ferric citrate, a phosphate binder, significantly inhibited HPD‐induced AAA formation.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that HPD induces vascular calcification and AAA formation, possibly through inflammation. This murine model suggests that vascular calcification induced by phosphate burden may be a therapeutic target for vascular diseases, including AAA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 973–981.
Brokering Political Corporate Social Responsibility: Production Network Intervention Programmes in Post‐Reform Myanmar's Garment Industry
Authors: Bae Jinsun , Thein Htwe Htwe 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPolitical corporate social responsibility (CSR) research focuses on how companies leverage their CSR efforts to improve public goods provision in countries where public governance is lacking. Previous studies, due to their limited analytical scope, have not thoroughly examined the dynamic nature of these governance gaps. Another missing puzzle is how certain actors in these countries, through their regular operations, independently facilitate political CSR opportunities—such as production network intervention (PNI) programmes. Positioning PNI programmes as brokers of political CSR, we investigate four such programmes in the Myanmar's garment industry during the early years of the country's reform. We conduct neo‐Gramscian analysis to examine how these programmes attempted to establish cultural and ideological leadership over CSR discourse and practice in the industry. We analyse the manufacturers’ responses to this contestation, which evolved with the introduction of a minimum wage, and discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study.
Proof of concept that melanoma nuclear count compares favourably with the benchmark histological prognostic feature, Breslow thickness
Authors: Gurr Charlotte , Bamford Mark , Oswald Nicola , Udensi Louisa , Ready Christopher , Gupta Kritika , Buhagiar Tiffany , Saldanha Gerald 
Published: August 2024

AimsBreslow thickness (BT) is the most important histological prognostic feature for melanoma prognosis, but it only captures tumour size in one dimension. Adding a further measurement in a different axis has been shown to improve prognostic value. It seems reasonable that further prognostic value could be obtained by estimating the number of invasive melanoma cells using nuclear count. The aim of this study was to show proof of concept that nuclear count has prognostic value independent of BT.Methods and resultsMelanoma cell nuclei were labelled with SRY‐related HMG‐box 10 (SOX10) protein, the sections scanned and StarDist machine‐learning algorithm used to count nuclei in 102 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma. Prognostic value was assessed using survival analyses. Nuclear count correlated strongly with T category, BT and calculated tumour area (each P < 0.001), suggesting that it was a valid marker of melanoma burden. Nuclear count was a predictor for overall survival in univariable analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.25, confidence interval (CI) = 1.66–3.06, P < 0.001] and multivariable analysis (HR = 2.60, CI = 1.59–4.24, P < 0.001). BT and ulceration were significant in univariable analyses, but not in multivariable models with nuclear count. Models containing nuclear count showed the best fit. Similar results were seen for melanoma‐specific and metastasis‐free survival. Nuclear count was able to stratify melanomas within a given T stage.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated proof of concept that counting melanoma nuclei may be an improved measure of invasive tumour burden compared to BT. Future studies will need to refine methods of nuclear detection and also to confirm its prognostic value.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of Prosopis juliflora fruit extract as a novel multifunctional bioactive ingredient and its potential applicability in pro‐ageing and skin colour harmonization cosmetic products
Authors: da Silva Tássyo Leandro , Pinheiro Jonas Gabriel de Oliveira , de Moura Arthur Thomaz Coutinho , Maia Neto Christovam Gondim , Correia Francisco Lucas Pereira , Comin Marcielle Sayuri Kubo , da Silva Rafaela Costa Ferreira , de Araújo Samara Vitória Ferreira , Barreto Stella Maria Andrade Gomes , Oliveira Artur de Santana , Damasceno Gabriel Azevedo de Brito , Ferrari Márcio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveProsopis juliflora, commonly known as algaroba or mesquite, was introduced and has since proliferated throughout the semi‐arid region of the Caatinga biome. Various studies have documented its properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities, attributed to the presence of diverse secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of P. juliflora fruit extract as a multifunctional active ingredient, and to develop cosmetic formulations containing this vegetal extract for potential applications in skincare products targeting pro‐ageing and skin colour homogenization properties.MethodsThe extraction process followed established protocols. Chemical characterization of the extract involved quantification of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds, along with Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using different methods. Antityrosinase activity was determined by employing enzymatic assays. Cosmetic formulations containing Disodium EDTA, Phenoxyethanol (and) Ethylhexyl Glycerin, Distilled Water, Sodium Acrylates Copolymer Lecithin, Polyacrylamide (and) C13–14 Isoparaffin (and) Laureth‐7, and 3.0% of the investigated plant extract were subjected to preliminary and accelerated stability tests.ResultsThe extract demonstrated a concentration of total flavonoids (1.71 ± 0.26 μg EQ/mg) and exhibited concentrations of phenolic compounds at 0.21 ± 0.01 mg EAG/g. Metabolites such as flavonoids and saponins were annotated, as well as some of their respective glycosidic derivatives. The extract showed antioxidant potential and the ability to inhibit the oxidation cascade in both the initiation and propagation phases. Moreover, the extract exhibited noteworthy inhibition of antityrosinase activity, presenting 62.48 ± 2.09 at a concentration of 30.00 mg/mL. The formulations were stable in accelerated stability tests over a 60‐day period.ConclusionThis research not only demonstrates scientifically by demonstrating the potential of a plant from the Caatinga biome with antioxidant and antityrosinase properties in the development of cosmetic products aimed at pro‐ageing effects and skin colour harmonization, but also adds value to the P. juliflora production chain. This valorization encompasses various aspects which include environmental, social, and biodiversity responsibilities.
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Does the microRNA‐mRNA regulatory network contribute to heart sarcomeric protein remodelling?
Authors: Guelfi Gabriella , Venanzi Noemi , Capaccia Camilla , Stefanetti Valentina , Brachelente Chiara , Sforna Monica , Porciello Francesco , Lepri Elvio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFeline primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an intrinsic myocardial disease characterized by concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. In the present study, we investigated the microRNA‐mRNA regulatory network in feline myocardial tissue affected by primary (HCMI) and secondary HCM (HCMII). MRNA expression levels of sarcomeric genes, including, TNNT2, TNNI3, MYH7, MYBPC3, TPM1 and ACTC1 were assessed in the FFPE myocardial tissues. FFPE tissues from healthy cats were sequenced by the NGS, to explore, in the entire non‐deposited miRNome, the expression level of microRNAs targeting the complementary sequences of selected sarcomeric mRNAs. The sarcomeric genes TNNT2, MYH7, MYBPC3 and TPM1 showed a statistically significant upregulation in HCMI compared to HCMII (p < .01), except ACTC1 which was downregulated (p < .01); TNNI3 showed no statistically significant difference. In HCMII miR‐122‐5p, miR‐338‐3p, miR‐484, miR‐370‐3p, miR‐92b‐3p, miR‐375 and miR‐370‐3p showed a significant upregulation (p < .01) compared to control. The exception was miR‐30a‐5p which showed downregulation. Worthy of note is the 4‐fold higher expression of miR‐370‐3p, a key regulator of MYBPC3, in HMCI compared to HMCII. This research does not solve the aetiological mystery of HCM, but it may help to find a way to help diagnose and define the prognosis of HCM in cats.
Effects of pair work and individual work on paired‐associate vocabulary learning in an EFL context
Authors: Iwata Akira , Kanayama Kohei , Kasahara Kiwamu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how different modes of a memorization activity in paired‐associate learning (PAL), namely pair work and individual work, can affect learners’ short‐ and long‐term retention of newly learned vocabulary items. In the aforementioned activity, two groups of Japanese college students studying English as a foreign language (EFL) learned 20 novel English vocabulary items using a second language–first language (L2–L1) list. First, the pair group worked in pairs; one member asked the other to state the L1 equivalent of the target items aloud for 2.5 min, and vice versa. Second, the members of the individual group memorized the L1 meanings of the target words for 5 minutes using their own methods. Subsequently, an immediate posttest and questionnaire survey regarding their preferred learning styles and strategies were conducted after the study session. Furthermore, a surprise delayed posttest was administered 3 weeks after the session. The results revealed that the individual group outperformed in the immediate posttest. However, the pair group scored significantly better in the delayed posttest. These results suggest that individual work is superior for memorizing a larger number of words in a short time but that memory can decay relatively quickly. Conversely, pair work may be superior for long‐term retention.