bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Identification of O─O Bond Formation Through Three‐Step Oxidation During Water Splitting by Operando Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Yu‐Cheng , Wu Yujie , Lu Ying‐Rui , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Chen Chi‐Liang , Jing Chao , Zhou Jing , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Yanyong , Chou Wu‐Ching , Wang Shuangyin , Hu Zhiwei , Dong Chung‐Li 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnionic redox allows the direct formation of O─O bonds from lattice oxygens and provides higher catalytic in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than does the conventional metal ion mechanism. While previous theories have predicted and experiments have suggested the possible O─O bond, it has not yet been directly observed in the OER process. In this study, operando soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) at the O K‐edge and the operando Raman spectra is performed on layered double CoFe hydroxides (LDHs) after intercalation with [Cr(C2O4)3]3−, and revealed a three‐step oxidation process, staring from Co2+ to Co3+, further to Co4+ (3d6L), and ultimately leading to the formation of O─O bonds and O2 evolution above a threshold voltage (1.4 V). In contrast, a gradual oxidation of Fe is observed in CoFe LDHs. The OER activity exhibits a significant enhancement, with the overpotential decreasing from 300 to 248 mV at 10 mA cm−2, following the intercalation of [Cr(C2O4)3]3− into CoFe LDHs, underscoring a crucial role of anionic redox in facilitating water splitting.
Electrolyte Engineering of Quasi‐Solid‐State Thermocells for Low‐Grade Heat Harvest at Sub‐Zero Temperatures
Authors: Liu Zhaopeng , Hu Yifeng , Lu Xin , Mo Ziwei , Chen Guangming , Liu Zhuoxin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of sustainable energy technologies has led to considerable interest in waste heat harvest from various energy sources. Thermocells (TECs), using the thermogalvanic effect, hold high potential in converting low‐grade heat directly into electricity. Optimizing thermopower and ensuring adaptability in low or sub‐zero temperature conditions are crucial for the advancement of next‐generation TECs. To address these challenges, in this work, a composite hydrogel electrolyte incorporating ethylene glycol (EG) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets is rationally engineered. EG boosts thermopower by increasing solvation entropy change and concentration ratio difference of redox ions; it also prevents freezing by disrupting hydrogen bonds among water molecules. Meanwhile, hydrophilic MXene nanosheets facilitate gelation process, improve mechanical strength, and further bond to water molecules to enhance anti‐freezing and moisture‐retaining capabilities. The TECs fabricated on this composite hydrogel electrolyte exhibit a notably increased thermopower of 2.04 mV K−1 and can be continuously operated at sub‐zero temperatures down to −40 °C. Electricity‐generating TEC windows are further demonstrated to harvest all‐day low‐grade heat via utilizing the temperature difference between the indoor and the outdoor. This study proposes an electrolyte engineering strategy for long‐lasting and reliable TECs that are suitable for low‐grade heat harvesting in extreme low‐temperature conditions.
Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2025 update on diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisease overviewChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with an annual incidence of two cases/100 000. It accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia in adults.DiagnosisCML is characterized by a balanced genetic translocation, t(9;22) (q34;q11.2), involving a fusion of the Abelson murine leukemia (ABL1) gene from chromosome 9q34 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22q11.2. This rearrangement is known as the Philadelphia chromosome. The molecular consequence of this translocation is the generation of a BCR::ABL1 fusion oncogene, which in turn translates into a BCR::ABL1 oncoprotein.Frontline therapyFour tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and nilotinib, are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for first‐line treatment of newly diagnosed CML in the chronic phase (CML‐CP). Clinical trials with second and third‐generation TKIs in frontline CML‐CP therapy reported significantly deeper and faster responses but had no impact on survival prolongation, likely because of their potent efficacy and the availability of effective TKIs salvage therapies for patients who have a cytogenetic relapse with frontline TKI therapy. All four TKIs are equivalent if the aim of therapy is to improve survival. In younger patients with high‐risk disease and in whom the aim of therapy is to induce a treatment‐free remission status, second‐generation TKIs may be favored.Salvage therapyFor CML post‐failure on frontline therapy, second‐line options include second and third‐generation TKIs. Although potent and selective, these TKIs exhibit unique pharmacological profiles and response patterns relative to different patient and disease characteristics, such as patients' comorbidities and financial status, disease stage, and BCR::ABL1 mutational status. Patients who develop the T315I “gatekeeper” mutation display resistance to all currently available TKIs except ponatinib, asciminib, and olverembatinib. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains an important therapeutic option for patients with CML‐CP and failure (due to resistance) of at least two TKIs and for all patients in advanced‐phase disease. Older patients who have a cytogenetic relapse post‐failure on all TKIs can maintain long‐term survival if they continue a daily most effective/least toxic TKI, with or without the addition of non‐TKI anti‐CML agents (hydroxyurea, omacetaxine, azacitidine, decitabine, cytarabine, and others).
Ultrafast and Coherent Dynamics in a Solvent Switchable “Pink Box” Perylene Diimide Dimer
Authors: Bressan Giovanni , Penty Samuel E. , Green Dale , Heisler Ismael A. , Jones Garth A. , Barendt Timothy A. , Meech Stephen R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPerylene diimide (PDI) dimers and higher aggregates are key components in organic molecular photonics and photovoltaic devices, supporting singlet fission and symmetry breaking charge separation. Detailed understanding of their excited states is thus important. This has proven challenging because interchromophoric coupling is a strong function of dimer architecture. Recently, a macrocyclic PDI dimer was reported in which excitonic coupling could be turned on and off simply by changing the solvent. This presents a useful case where coupling is modified without synthetic changes to tune supramolecular structure. Here we present a detailed study of solvent dependent excited state dynamics in this dimer by means of coherent multidimensional spectroscopy. Spectral analysis resolves the different coupling strengths, which are consistent with solvent dependent changes in dimer conformation. The strongly coupled conformer forms an excimer within 300 fs. The low‐frequency Raman active modes recovered from two‐dimensional electronic spectra reveal frequencies characteristic of exciton coupling. These are assigned to modes modulating the coupling from the corresponding DFT calculations. Further analysis reveals a time dependent frequency during excimer formation. Analysis of two‐dimensional “beatmaps” reveals features in the coupled dimer which are not predicted by the displaced harmonic oscillator model and are assigned to vibronic coupling.
An idea to explore: A systematic approach for solving plasmid double‐digest puzzles
Authors: Callahan Aurora , Smith Todd 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA common exercise given to students early in a molecular biology course is the creation of a restriction map of a plasmid “digested” by two restriction enzymes (RE). Meanwhile, students have learned from an early age about the properties and analyses of circles in their mathematics courses. But it is rare for students to learn using puzzle‐based assignments at the intersection of molecular biology and mathematics. Therefore, we should present students with a puzzle that allows them to combine knowledge and skills from these seemingly disconnected disciplines. Here, we present a method for analyzing RE digests of circular plasmids using basic geometric principles.
Exploring serum amino acid signatures as potential biomarkers in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients
Authors: Temiz Ebru , Akmese Sukru , Koyuncu Ismail , Barut Dursun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking healthy tissues. However, the exact pathogenesis of HT remains unclear. Metabolomic analysis was performed to obtain information about the possible pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers of HT. The amino acid profile was analyzed using an LC–MS/MS method using serum samples obtained from 30 patients diagnosed with ultrasonographic imaging and laboratory markers (thyroid stimulating hormone) free thyroxine and thyroid peroxidase) and 30 healthy individuals. There were statistically significant changes in 27 amino acids out of 32 amino acids analyzed (p < 0.05). Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the six amino acid (1‐methylhistidine, cystine, norvaline, histidine, glutamic acid and leucine) biomarkers showed high sensitivity, specificity (area under the curve > 0.98), positive likelihood ratio and low negative likelihood ratio. Also, according to pathway analysis, degradation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis was the highest metabolic pathway according to the impact value (p < 0.001 and impact value = 1.0). We provide serum amino acid profiles of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and identify five potential biomarkers for early diagnosis by clinicians.
Sustainable governance of natural gas exploration: A coastal forest ecosystem perspective
Authors: Bungwa Zainabu Shabani , Yanda Pius Zebhe , Lyimo James 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoastal forest ecosystems can benefit from an empirical study of the sustainable governance of natural gas exploration. But, policymakers and practitioners cannot make informed decisions in the absence of thorough and comprehensive research. This study examines empirical research on the sustainable governance of natural gas exploration within the coastal forest ecosystem, identifies research gaps and outlines future directions. Researchers utilised the theories, context, characteristics, and methodologies (TCCM) analysis in the systematic narrative review of nine studies. The study findings revealed that sustainable governance of natural gas exploration to lessen coastal forest ecological consequences is questionable since most of the study indicated negative impacts on coastal forests. Furthermore, the study findings contributed by identifying the most prominent theories, such as economic theory and efficient taxation, which are thought to maximise long‐term economic benefits while minimising the degradation of forest ecosystems. Natural gas exploration‐related taxes have the potential to support conservation initiatives and coastal forest ecosystem restoration. Furthermore, the study acknowledges that most studies do not have guidelines for evaluating the concepts of sustainable governance. Moreover, the research suggests the need for sustainable governance that strikes a balance between the goals of natural gas development and the protection of coastal forest ecosystems, enacts laws and regulations that promote good governance towards the Green House Gases protocol, and sets up monitoring and control mechanisms. Furthermore, the government should provide incentives, such as research grants, to encourage research and dissemination, as well as sustainable management techniques for natural gas extraction and coastal forest ecosystem management and conservation.
Investigation of the Physiological and Post‐training Effects of Ecdysteroid Supplementation by Multivariate Analysis of the Human Serum Metabolome
Authors: Leogrande Patrizia , Jardines Daniel , Brito Dayamin Martinez , de la Torre Xavier , Botrè Francesco , Luch Andreas , Diel Patrick , Parr Maria Kristina 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis work aims to characterize the serum profile of athletes after the administration of ecdysteroids, natural steroid hormones recently reported to enhance athletic performance. The combination of mass spectrometry and chemometric tools may allow to differentiate physiological effects from post‐training and intake‐driven effects. Serum samples were collected from 46 healthy male volunteers and divided into four groups: control (two capsules/day of Peak Ecdysone without training), placebo (two capsules without ecdysteroids with training), Ec1 (two capsules/day Peak Ecdysone with training), and Ec2 (eight capsules/day Peak Ecdysone with training). Metabolic profiling was measured using a SCIEX Triple Quadrupole LC‐MS/MS system coupled with the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit, which allows quantitation of a large panel of metabolites that were subjected to multivariate analysis. Unsupervised analysis of the data found no significant differences between the placebo and the ecdysteroid supplementation groups. By merging Ec1 and Ec2 into a single group, coded as treated, a clear discrimination between the control and placebo groups was observed. Phosphatidylcholines were among the most significant features of ecdysteroids administration, showing a dose‐dependent effect in Ec1 and Ec2 groups. As specific metabolic phenotypes can result from years of training, the discrimination of physiological effects from those caused by the administration of banned substances can be a valuable analytical strategy for the interpretation of adverse analytical findings in the anti‐doping field.
Riding the populist wave: How does populism affect firm's innovation?
Authors: Xiong Yu Man , Jiménez Alfredo , Bayraktar Secil , Choi Seong‐jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUncertainty caused by environmental disruptions and unexpected institutional changes critically affect R&D and innovation systems. Motivated by the recent rise of populist political parties worldwide, this study investigates the influence of country‐level populism on firm‐level innovation. Building on institutional theory, we find evidence that higher levels of populism impairs firms' innovation performance by generating institutional volatility. Moreover, this relationship weakens when a firm exports more, and strengthens when a firm is located in a right‐leaning country. We find empirical support for our hypotheses drawing on data from the Global Populism Database and the World Bank Enterprise Survey (24,375 firms from 38 countries). Our findings provide new insights for corporate strategy and R&D activities in unstable and disruptive political contexts.
Smart cross‐layer approach to multi‐access terrestrial and non‐terrestrial networks (NTNs): Real‐time mobile‐health use case
Authors: Elhachi Hana , Boumehrez Farouk , Aymen Labiod Mohamed , Redadaa Salah , Mellouk Abdelhamid 
Published: August 2024

SummaryDelivering health care services in isolated rural regions through vehicular communications has recently attracted more attention. Real‐time video streaming is one of the most commonly used applications in such services. Escorting this increasing interest, there is a high demand for high‐quality streaming video in vehicular environments. However, these services face challenging network characteristics such as high dynamic topology and mobility, leading to high packet loss and degraded visual quality. This paper presents a smart approach to multi‐access terrestrial and non‐terrestrial networks (NTNs) for high‐quality and real‐time video streaming in vehicular environments to enhance healthcare services in remote areas. The proposed approach integrates a mobile telemedicine unit connected to an expert site through different channels, including satellite communication, 5 Generation (5G), and long‐term evolution (LTE) networks. A modified multipath QUIC extension (MPQUIC) was introduced to stream data hybridly through the network. Furthermore, multiple description coding (MDC) was applied to split data into two different descriptions and prioritize one over the other. Important data would be transmitted through cellular networks, and non‐priority data would be transmitted through satellite links, enhancing the reliability of video transmission. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through the use of a connected ambulance as a case study. The Mininet‐Wifi was used to emulate network conditions. The peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural SIMilarity (SSIM), and video multimethod assessment fusion (VMAF) were measured to evaluate the received video quality; the received data rate and packet loss were also calculated. The obtained results show our proposed method's efficiency by reducing latency by up to 60% and improving the receiving data rate by up to 143% compared with the classical MPQUIC. The proposed system enhances video quality by up to 70%. It minimizes packet loss by up to 50% compared with the unreliable QUIC, showcasing the potential to improve m‐health services' efficiency and mobility in isolated rural regions.
Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) affects the dominant position of three gramineous species by altering defense traits and interspecific competition
Authors: Xie Yanjin , Hua Yongle , Zhang Jiading , Wei Wanhong , Yin Baofa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRodents can cause considerable changes in plant community composition. However, relationships between shifts in species dominance and plant functional traits caused by rodents have seldom been investigated, especially for belowground functional traits. In this study, a set of enclosures was constructed to analyze the effects of 10 years of Brandt's voles' activities on the defense strategies and dominant position changes of three gramineous plants (Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii, and Cleistogenes squarrosa) in Inner Mongolia. Here, we measured the dominance, biomass, and fourteen functional traits of three plants. The effects of Brandt's voles on dominance, biomass, and functional traits were analyzed, and then we explored the effect of functional traits on plant dominance by using the structural equation model. Results showed that long‐term feeding by Brandt's voles resulted in a significant decrease in the dominance of L. chinensis and S. krylovii, whereas C. squarrosa was positively affected. The belowground biomass of L. chinensis and S. krylovii was higher in the vole treatment, which showed that they were increasing their escape characteristics. The leaf thickness of L. chinensis and the leaf C:N ratio of S. krylovii significantly increased, while the specific leaf area of C. squarrosa significantly decreased. All three gramineous showed increased resistance traits in response to Brandt's voles, which positively affected their dominance. Tolerance‐related traits of S. krylovii significantly increased, with the increasing growth rate of root length contributing to enhancing its dominance. We highlight that selective feeding by rodents led to the selection of different defense strategies by three gramineous plants, and that changes in biomass allocation and functional traits in the different species affected plant dominance, driving changes in the plant communities.
Integration of the landscape of fear concept in grassland management: An experimental study on subtropical monsoon grasslands in Bardia National Park, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Shyam Kumar , de Jong Joost F. , Hof Anouschka R. , Subedi Naresh , Liefting Yorick , Prins Herbert H. T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ‘landscape of fear’ concept offers valuable insights into wildlife behaviour, yet its practical integration into habitat management for conservation remains underexplored. In this study, conducted in the subtropical monsoon grasslands of Bardia National Park, Nepal, we aimed to bridge this gap through a multi‐year, landscape‐scale experimental investigation in Bardia National Park, Nepal. The park has the highest density of tigers (with an estimated density of ~7 individuals per 100 km2) in Nepal, allowing us to understand the effect of habitat management on predation risk and resource availability especially for three cervid species: chital (Axis axis), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) and hog deer (Axis porcinus). We used plots with varying mowing frequency (0–4 times per year), size (ranging from small: 49 m2 to large: 3600 m2) and artificial fertilisation type (none, phosphorus, nitrogen) to assess the trade‐offs between probable predation risk and resources for these cervid species, which constitute primary prey for tigers in Nepal. Our results showed distinct responses of these deer to perceived predation risk within grassland habitats. Notably, these deer exhibited heightened use of larger plots, indicative of a perceived sense of safety, as evidenced by the higher occurrence of pellet groups in the larger plots (mean = 0.1 pellet groups m−2 in 3600 m2 plots vs. 0.07 in 400 m2 and 0.05 in 49 m2 plots). Furthermore, the level of use by the deer was significantly higher in larger plots that received mowing and fertilisation treatments compared to smaller plots subjected to similar treatments. Of particular interest is the observation that chital and swamp deer exhibited greater utilisation of the centre (core) areas within the larger plots (mean = 0.21 pellet groups m−2 at the centre vs. 0.13 at the edge) despite the edge (periphery) also provided attractive resources to these deer. In contrast, hog deer did not display any discernible reaction to the experimental treatments, suggesting potential species‐specific variations in response to perceived predation risk arising from management interventions. Our findings emphasise the importance of a sense of security as a primary determinant of habitat selection for medium‐sized deer within managed grassland environments. These insights carry practical implications for park managers, providing a nuanced understanding of integrating the ‘landscape of fear’ into habitat management strategies. This study emphasises that the ‘landscape of fear’ concept can and should be integrated into habitat management to maintain delicate predator–prey dynamics within ecosystems.
Immune signature of patients with cardiovascular disease predicts increased risk for a severe course of COVID‐19
Authors: Günter Manina , Mueller Karin Anne Lydia , Salazar Mathew J. , Gekeler Sarah , Prang Carolin , Harm Tobias , Gawaz Meinrad Paul , Autenrieth Stella E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection can lead to life‐threatening clinical manifestations. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at higher risk for severe courses of COVID‐19. So far, however, there are hardly any strategies for predicting the course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in CVD patients at hospital admission. Thus, we investigated whether this prediction is achievable by prospectively analysing the blood immunophenotype of 94 nonvaccinated participants, including uninfected and acutely SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected CVD patients and healthy donors, using a 36‐colour spectral flow cytometry panel. Unsupervised data analysis revealed little differences between healthy donors and CVD patients, whereas the distribution of the cell populations changed dramatically in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected CVD patients. The latter had more mature NK cells, activated monocyte subsets, central memory CD4+ T cells, and plasmablasts but fewer dendritic cells, CD16+ monocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and CD8+ T‐cell subsets. Moreover, we identified an immune signature characterised by CD161+ T cells, intermediate effector CD8+ T cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells that is predictive for CVD patients with a severe course of COVID‐19. Thus, intensified immunophenotype analyses can help identify patients at risk of severe COVID‐19 at hospital admission, improving clinical outcomes through specific treatment.