bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Enhanced Risk Stratification Combined With the Newer Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Verheugt Freek W. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased stroke risk compared with those in sinus rhythm, although the absolute risk for individual patients is modulated by the presence of various additional risk factors. Patient selection for oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention is based on risks of stroke and bleeding. Although CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack) is the most widely used scheme for evaluating stroke risk in patients with AF, several other stroke risk factors are not included; therefore, many patients' stroke risk may be underestimated, contributing to the underuse of anticoagulants. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of patients are categorized as being at moderate risk (CHADS2 = 1), and there has been some ambiguity regarding optimum thromboprophylaxis in this group. The refinement of CHADS2, CHA2DS2‐VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age 75 years [2 points], Diabetes mellitus, Stroke or transient ischemic attack [2 points], Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category [female]), considers additional risk factors. Its main advantage is its ability to identify patients truly at low risk of thromboembolism (CHA2DS2‐VASc = 0), who are unlikely to benefit from antithrombotic therapy. For all others, an oral anticoagulant may be the preferred approach, simplifying clinical decision making. Implementation of CHA2DS2‐VASc may also result in an increased proportion of patients receiving anticoagulation. The emergence of newer oral anticoagulants that can be given without routine coagulation monitoring, with improved benefit–risk profiles vs vitamin K antagonists, promises to simplify therapy for patients with AF at risk of stroke. This, coupled with advances in stroke risk stratification, is expected to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of AF‐related stroke.
Nucleation Barriers for the Cubic‐to‐Tetragonal Phase Transformation
Authors: Knüpfer Hans , Kohn Robert V. , Otto Felix 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe are interested in the phase transformation from austenite to martensite. This transformation is typically accompanied by the generation and growth of small inclusions of martensite. We consider a model from geometrically linear elasticity with sharp energy penalization for phase boundaries. Focusing on a cubic‐to‐tetragonal phase transformation, we show that the minimal energy for an inclusion of martensite scales like$\max \{ V^{2/3}, V^{9/11} \}$in terms of the volumeV. Moreover, our arguments illustrate the importance of self‐accommodation for achieving the minimal scaling of the energy. The analysis is based on Fourier representation of the elastic energy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physical and Medium Access Control criteria for the optimal Medium Access Control protocol data unit size in Automatic Repeat Request‐enabled connections in IEEE 802.16e/ WiMAX systems
Authors: Sharon Oran , Alpert Yaron 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we address an aspect of the mutual influence between the physical (PHY) layer budding blocks (forward error correction (FEC) blocks) and the medium access control (MAC) level allocations in the uplink and downlink of IEEE 802.16e/WiMAX systems. In these systems, it is possible to transmit MAC level frames, denoted MAC protocol data units (PDUs), such that a PDU contains an integral number of fixed size data blocks. We compute the optimal size of a PDU according to two criteria, one related to the PHY layer and one related to the MAC layer. In relation to the PHY layer, the criterion maximizes the average number of data bits that are transmitted in a PHY slot. In relation to the MAC layer, the criterion maximizes the goodput of the PDU. The goodput depends on the success probability of the PDU, which in turn depends on the FEC blocks over which the PDU is allocated. We then compare the maximal PDU goodputs in different sizes of the FEC blocks and the data blocks. The main outcome is that the PDU goodput is sensitive in those cases in which data blocks are very large. We also give guidelines on how to choose the best modulation/coding scheme to use in a scenario where the signal‐to‐noise ratio can change significantly during transmissions, to maximize the PDU goodput. Finally, we compare between the two criteria. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children of Color and Parental Incarceration: Implications for Research, Theory, and Practice
Authors: Graham James A. , Harris Yvette R. 
Published: April 2013

Practical information about culturally appropriate interventions with children of incarcerated parents (CIPs) of color and their families is notably sparse. This study uses a cultural–ecological perspective to contextualize individual, family, and legal issues inherent in many intervention programs for CIPs of color. The authors highlight demographic trends, review research limitations, and discuss ways that therapeutic models can help counselors address their clients' needs. Recommendations are provided for future interventions with this underserved population.La información práctica sobre intervenciones culturalmente apropiadas con hijos de personas de color encarceladas (CIPs) por sus siglas en inglés y sus familias es notablemente escasa. Este estudio usa una perspectiva cultural‐ecológica para contextualizar los asuntos individuales, familiares y legales inherentes a muchos programas de intervención para CIPs. Los autores destacan las tendencias demográficas, las limitaciones en la investigación de reseñas, y discuten formas en las que los modelos terapéuticos pueden ayudar a los consejeros a abordar las necesidades de sus clientes. Se proporcionan recomendaciones para intervenciones futuras con esta población desatendida.
Effects of VEGF‐loaded chitosan coatings
Authors: Leedy Megan R. , Jennings Jessica A. , Haggard Warren O. , Bumgardner Joel D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a powerful growth factor that promotes vascularization as well as osteoblastic differentiation and bone regeneration, all of which are key processes in the osseointegration of dental implants. Strategies to increase vascularization through delivery of VEGF may improve osseointegration, especially in patients with reduced bone healing potential. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of chitosan coatings on titanium to deliver VEGF and to support growth and matrix production of osteoblastic cells in vitro. Chitosan was chemically bonded to titanium coupons via silane‐glutaraldehyde linker molecules and loaded with 0, 20, 50, or 100 ng of VEGF. Protein was released during a three day period with around 75% of VEGF (4.44, 11.37, and 22.10 ng/mL/cm2 from the 20, 50, and 100 ng loaded levels, respectively) released during the first 12 h, and 90–95% of the VEGF released from the coatings by day 3. Saos‐2 bone cells continued to proliferate over the 28‐day period on the VEGF‐loaded chitosan coatings in contrast to cells seeded on uncoated titanium, which plateaued after 14 days. Cells on uncoated titanium exhibited a peak in alkaline phosphatase expression at approximately 14 days, concomitant with the plateau in growth. While osteoblast‐like cells on all chitosan coatings exhibited up to a 2‐fold enhancement of the alkaline phosphatase activity and 10‐fold increase in calcium deposition compared to uncoated controls, the incorporation of VEGF into the coatings did not enhance osteoblast matrix production over plain chitosan coatings throughout this study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 752–759, 2014.
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation of nano‐hydroxyapatite/chitosan/poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Yin‐Cheng , Zhou Hong , Guo Yu‐Cheng , Su Xiao‐Xia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the application of the nano‐hydroxyapatite/chitosan/poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (nHA/CS/PLGA) scaffold seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in bone tissue engineering. We prepared the nHA/CS/PLGA, nHA/PLGA, CS/PLGA, and PLGA scaffolds, and tested their mechanical strength. We analyzed the surface antigen markers of hUCMSCs to determine their capability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The growth of hUCMSCs on the four types of scaffold was assayed using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT assay) and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OCN) content, as well as the semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed. After 21 days, the subcutaneous implantations of the scaffolds samples seeded with hUCMSCs into nude mice were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that the mechanical strength of the nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold was enhanced. Furthermore, the nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds were the most suitable for the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs in vitro and nude mouse subcutaneous implantation. The enhanced osteogenic inductivity of the nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds for hUCMSCs might result from the addition of nHA and CS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 760–768, 2014.
Normal human embryonic stem cell lines were derived from microsurgical enucleated tripronuclear zygotes
Authors: Jiang Chunyan , Cai Lingbo , Huang Boxian , Dong Juan , Chen Aiqin , Ning Song , Cui Yugui , Qin Lianju , Liu Jiayin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA normal fertilized human zygote contains two pronuclei, but zygotes may also display one, three, or even more pronuclei resulting from irregular insemination or meiotic division. Today diploid and triploid human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines have been derived from tripronuclear (3PN) triploid zygotes, and an in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born from a rescued diploid zygote by removing the extra male pronucleus of the 3PN zygote. However, whether hESCs can be derived from a rescued 3PN zygote is still unknown. Here, by microsurgical pronuclear removal, we restored 61 diploid zygotes from 3PN zygotes donated by 35 couples, and 11 blastocysts developed with a blastocyst rate of 18.0%, which seems higher than that of nonrescued 3PN zygotes according to previous reports. After the whole zona pellucida free embryos were plated onto feeder cells to grow and passage, 2 hESC lines (CCRM‐hESC‐22 and CCRM‐hESC‐23) were generated and both carried normal karyotype (46, XY). The hESC lines were then characterized by morphology, expansion in vitro, and expression of specific markers of alkaline phosphatase, OCT4, SSEA4, TRA‐1‐60 and TRA‐1‐81. Furthermore, the pluripotency of these 2 hESC lines was confirmed by in vitro embryoid body formation and in vivo teratoma production. Our study indicates that depronucleared 3PN zygotes can improve the blastocysts formation rate, and normal hESC lines can be derived from those corrected 2PN embryos. Based on their multi‐directional differentiation potential in vitro, the established hESC lines could be applied to the developmental risk assessment for IVF babies born from restored zygotes. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2016–2023, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis severity from myocardial end‐diastolic wall stress estimated by tissue‐Doppler imaging
Authors: Moladoust Hassan , Mokhtari‐Dizaji Manijhe , Ojaghi‐Haghighi Zahra 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo identify patients with significant coronary artery disease by the noninvasive quantification of myocardial wall stress in diastole.MethodsWe studied 60 male subjects in sinus rhythm with significant (n = 30) or moderate (n = 30) proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis, and 30 healthy subjects (control group). The average end‐diastolic wall stress was estimated at left ventricle anterior and interventricular septum wall segments from regional wall thickness, meridional and circumferential regional radii of curvature, and noninvasively estimated left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure.ResultsThere were significant differences in left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure between patients and controls (p < 0.05). End‐diastolic myocardial wall stress was significantly different between patients with significant and moderate coronary stenosis and healthy subjects in all anterior and septal wall segments (p < 0.05) except for the anterior wall at mid level. The receiver‐operating characteristic curves showed that septum apex wall stress has the highest discriminatory power for predicting significant stenosis versus healthy coronary artery with 83% area under the curve.ConclusionsEstimated end‐diastolic myocardial wall stress may help in evaluating regional myocardial dysfunction due to coronary artery disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 41:297–304, 2013
Demonstration of an occult biliary‐arterial fistula using percutaneous contrast‐enhanced ultrasound cholangiography in a transplanted liver
Authors: Daneshi Mohammad , Rajayogeswaran Brathaban , Peddu Praveen , Sidhu Paul S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a case of a biliary‐arterial communication as a consequence of the placement of an internal‐external biliary drainage catheter in a liver transplant patient diagnosed on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound using a novel application by injecting microbubble contrast into the catheter tube. We postulate that this method may be sensitive in identifying occult communications between the biliary tree and the vascular compartment when a catheter drain is positioned, and there is hemobilia or unexplained sepsis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:108–111, 2014
Physicochemical surface properties of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 and Pseudomonas putida mt2 under cadmium stress
Authors: Shamim Saba , Rehman Abdul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCupriavidus metallidurans CH34 and Pseudomonas putida mt2 were used as cadmium (Cd) resistant and sensitive bacteria, respectively to study the effect of Cd on physicochemical surface properties which include the study of surface charge and hydrophobicity which are subjected to vary under stress conditions. In this research work, effective concentration 50 (EC50) was calculated to exclude the doubt that dead cells were also responding and used as reference point to study the changes in cell surface properties in the presence of Cd. EC50 of C. metallidurans CH34 was found to be 2.5 and 0.25 mM for P. putida mt2. The zeta potential analysis showed that CH34 cells were slightly less unstable than mt2 cells as CH34 cells exhibited −8.5 mV more negative potential than mt2 cells in the presence of Cd in growth medium. Cd made P. putida mt2 surface to behave as intermediate hydrophilic (θw = 25.32°) while C. metallidurans CH34 as hydrophobic (θw = 57.26°) at their respective EC50. Although belonging to the same gram‐negative group, both bacteria behaved differently in terms of changes in membrane fluidity. Expression of trans fatty acids was observed in mt2 strain (0.45%) but not in CH34 strain (0%). Similarly, cyclopropane fatty acids were observed more in mt2 strain (0.06–0.14%) but less in CH34 strain (0.01–0.02%). Degree of saturation of fatty acids decreased in P. putida mt2 (36.8–33.75%) while increased in C. metallidurans CH34 (35.6–39.3%). Homeoviscous adaptation is a survival strategy in harsh environments which includes expression of trans fatty acids and cyclo fatty acids in addition to altered degree of saturation. Different bacteria show different approaches to homeoviscous adaptation.
A comparison of global marine surface‐specific humidity datasets from in situ observations and atmospheric reanalysis
Authors: Kent Elizabeth C. , Berry David I. , Prytherch John , Roberts J. Brent 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe accurate estimation of near‐surface marine‐specific humidity is necessary for climate and air–sea interaction applications. Available estimates of monthly mean‐specific humidity spanning the past 50‐years are based on a variety of sources including in situ observations, atmospheric reanalyses and datasets that blend many different data sources. Eight specific humidity datasets are compared and little consensus emerges as to mean values, regional variations and changes over time. For large area averages the datasets do show consistency in their interannual variations and, in the Extratropics, in their seasonal cycles. Adjustments applied to in situ observations from ships are shown to be smaller than differences among the datasets and in well‐sampled regions and periods the in situ data are able to highlight biases in the reanalysis‐based specific humidity estimates. Near surface‐specific humidity estimates from two recent atmospheric reanalysis projects show markedly different responses in Tropical‐specific humidity to the assimilation of satellite radiance measurements that became available in 1999. There is less confidence in reanalysis‐based estimates of specific humidity over the ocean than over land. However the in situ‐based humidity analyses have suffered in recent years with a reduction in observation numbers and lack of information on observation methods and heights. Consequently near‐surface‐specific humidity remains relatively poorly known over the oceans.
Comparison of UV index from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with multi‐channel filter radiometers at four sites in the tropics: effects of aerosols and clouds
Authors: Janjai S. , Wisitsirikun S. , Buntoung S. , Pattarapanitchai S. , Wattan R. , Masiri I. , Bhattarai B. K. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe solar ultraviolet (UV) index from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA EOS/Aura satellite is compared with that derived from ground‐based multi‐channel filter radiometers at four sites in the tropical environment of Thailand. The sites include Chiang Mai (18.78°N, 98.98°E), Ubon Ratchathani (15.25°N, 104.87°E), Nakhon Pathom (13.82°N, 100.04°E) and Songkhla (7.2°N, 100.6°E). At these sites, aerosol optical depth is monitored using sunphotometers and cloud images are taken by sky cameras. The comparison results clearly show the overestimation of OMI UV index because of influences by aerosols and clouds. The differences between the two datasets lie between 38.1 and 60.7% for all sky conditions, and reduce to 22.5–50.3% for clear sky conditions.
Assessment of phonomicrosurgical training in otolaryngology residencies: A resident survey
Authors: Shah Manish D. , Johns Michael M. , Statham Melissa , Klein Adam M. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe primary objective of this study is to assess the adequacy of clinical and laboratory‐based phonomicrosurgical training in otolaryngology residency programs using a self‐report survey. The study aims to establish whether there is a need and desire for focused surgical training in phonomicrosurgery.Study DesignSelf‐report Internet‐based questionnaire.MethodsAn anonymous survey was sent to all current residents in otolaryngology training programs in the United States and Canada. For portions of the analysis, the residents were categorized into two groups—junior (R2 and R3) and senior (R4 and R5).ResultsOne hundred ninety‐one residents responded to the survey (USA: 166; Canada: 25), representing a 34.3% response rate. Approximately one‐half of residents stated that their residency program includes a rotation during which the main emphasis is laryngology. Only 18.8% of residents were “very” satisfied with the phonomicrosurgery experience that their program offers and 21.6% of senior residents felt “very” comfortable performing a phonomicrosurgical removal of a vocal fold lesion. Whereas the vast majority of respondents found temporal bone laboratory training to be helpful, 82% had never performed laboratory training in phonomicrosurgery. The majority (87.4%) felt that their comfort level with phonomicrosurgery would increase if they had access to laboratory‐based training.ConclusionOur study suggests that there is a lack of emphasis on clinical and laboratory‐based training in phonomicrosurgery and that there is a need and desire for focused surgical training in phonomicrosurgery.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Testing Infrared Laser Phototherapy (810 nm) to Ameliorate Diabetes: Irradiation on Body Parts of Diabetic Mice
Authors: Peplow Philip V. , Baxter G. David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIrradiation of left flank of genetic diabetic mice with 660 nm wavelength laser, 100 mW, 20 seconds/day for 7 days did not significantly alter blood plasma glucose compared to nonirradiated controls. Infrared light would provide for a greater amount of photoenergy penetrating the skin and muscle. Genetic diabetic mice were irradiated with 810 nm wavelength laser to test for antidiabetic effect.Materials and MethodsSixty‐five diabetic mice were used. Body weight and water intake of mice were measured daily for 7 days prior to start of treatment (Day 0). Mice were irradiated with 810 nm wavelength laser, 50 mW, 40 seconds/day, 7 days on left flank (n = 11), mid‐upper abdomen (n = 14), or left inguinal region (n = 14); some mice were not irradiated (control, n = 26). Body weight and water intake of mice were measured to Day 7. On Day 7, mice were fasted for 4 hours, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (s.c.) and blood collected by cardiac puncture into EDTA‐treated tubes. Blood plasma was assayed for glucose and fructosamine. Blood was collected and assayed from nonirradiated nondiabetic mice (n = 12).ResultsOn Day 7 body weight was significantly lower and water intake significantly higher compared to Day 0 for diabetic mice irradiated on left flank (40.7 ± 0.5 vs. 42.2 ± 0.4 g, 28.2 ± 1.5 vs. 23.4 ± 1.5 g, respectively); there was no significant change for diabetic mice irradiated on mid‐upper abdomen or left inguinal region and also for nonirradiated diabetic mice. On Day 7 blood plasma glucose levels for irradiated diabetic mice were not significantly different to nonirradiated diabetic mice. Blood plasma fructosamine level of diabetic mice irradiated on left inguinal region was significantly lower than for nonirradiated diabetic mice (312 ± 6 vs. 377 ± 15 µmol/L); for diabetic mice irradiated on left flank or mid‐upper abdomen (362 ± 22, 357 ± 19 µmol/L) it was not significantly different to nonirradiated diabetic mice.ConclusionIrradiation of left inguinal region in diabetic mice with 810 nm laser has potential to ameliorate diabetes as shown by decreased blood plasma fructosamine. Lasers Surg. Med. 9999:XX–XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redox‐ and Glucose‐Induced Shape‐Memory Polymers
Authors: Dong Zhen‐Qiang , Cao Ya , Yuan Qi‐Juan , Wang Yi‐Fu , Li Jian‐Hu , Li Bang‐Jing , Zhang Sheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel redox‐induced shape‐memory polymer (SMP) is prepared by crosslinking β‐cyclodextrin modified chitosan (β‐CD‐CS) and ferrocene modified branched ethylene imine polymer (Fc‐PEI). The resulting β‐CD‐CS/Fc‐PEI contains two crosslinks: reversible redox‐sensitive β‐CD‐Fc inclusion complexes serving as reversible phases, and covalent crosslinks serving as fixing phases. It is shown that this material can be processed into temporary shapes as needed in the reduced state and recovers its initial shape after oxidation. The recovery ratio and the fixity ratio are both above 70%. Furthermore, after entrapping glucose oxidase (GOD) in the system, the material shows a shape memory effect in response to glucose. The recovery ratio and the fixity ratio are also above 70%.
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