bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of SPIO‐labeled human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC‐3
Authors: Tong Mingmin , Xiong Fei , Shi Yuzhen , Luo Song , Liu Zhenjuan , Wu Zhengcan , Wang Zhongqiu 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe survivin gene is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to design and synthesize functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) targeting survivin gene for the detection of pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC‐3 with survivin gene expression was selected in this study. The healthy lung fibroblast cell was used as a control. Chitosan‐coated MNPs (CS@MNPs) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of survivin gene were conjugated to MNPs to give Sur‐MNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to confirm the conjunction of chitosan. The interactions of MNPs, CS@MNPs, and Sur‐MNPs in BxPC‐3 cells were observed, recorded and analyzed. The size, morphology, cell uptake, cytotoxicity and stability of those particles were assessed by transmission electron microscope, Prussian blue staining, MTT assay and agarose gel electrophoresis. The magnetic resonance signal intensities of pancreatic cells labeled with CS@MNPs and MNPs, and Sur‐MNPs, were compared on T2‐weighted images. The results demonstrated that the level of cellular uptake of CS@MNPs was higher than that of naked MNPs. The Sur‐MNPs had a suitable size (12 nm sized core), high stability, no cytotoxicity and good water dispersion. Sur‐MNPs did not accumulate in healthy lung fibroblast cells, while being taken up by BxPC‐3 cells. The Sur‐MNPs in BxPC‐3 cells could be visualized on T2‐weighted images, which suggested that Sur‐MNPs could be used to detect the expression of survivin gene. Thus, Sur‐MNPs may be a potential molecular imaging probe targeting survivin gene for early detection of pancreatic cancer cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out‐of‐pocket health care expenditure burden for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer
Authors: Davidoff Amy J. , Erten Mujde , Shaffer Thomas , Shoemaker J. Samantha , Zuckerman Ilene H. , Pandya Naimish , Tai Ming‐Hui , Ke Xuehua , Stuart Bruce 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is increasing concern regarding the financial burden of care on cancer patients and their families. Medicare beneficiaries often have extensive comorbidities and limited financial resources, and may face substantial cost sharing even with supplemental coverage. In the current study, the authors examined out‐of‐pocket (OOP) spending and burden relative to income for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer.METHODS: This retrospective, observational study pooled data for 1997 through 2007 from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey linked to Medicare claims. Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed cancer were selected using claims‐based diagnoses. Generalized linear models were used to estimate OOP spending. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with a high OOP burden, defined as spending > 20% of one's income during the cancer diagnosis and subsequent year.RESULTS: The cohort included 1868 beneficiaries with and 10,047 without cancer. Compared with the noncancer cohort, cancer patients were older, had more comorbidities, and were more likely to lack supplemental coverage. The mean OOP spending for cancer patients was $4727. Cancer patients faced an adjusted $976 (P < .01) incremental OOP spending. Greater than one‐quarter (28%) of beneficiaries with cancer experienced a high OOP burden compared with 16% of beneficiaries without cancer (P < .001). Supplemental insurance and higher income were found to be protective against a high OOP burden, whereas assets, comorbidity, and receipt of cancer‐directed radiation and antineoplastic therapy were associated with a higher OOP burden.CONCLUSIONS: Medicare beneficiaries with cancer face a higher OOP burden than their counterparts without cancer; some of the higher burden was explained by the higher comorbidity burden and lack of supplemental insurance noted among these patients. Financial pressures may discourage some elderly patients from pursuing treatment. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Characterization of multiple bistratified retinal ganglion cells in a purkinje cell protein 2‐Cre transgenic mouse line
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Lee Patrick , Pan Zhuo‐Hua 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRetinal ganglion cells are categorized into multiple classes, including multiple types of bistratified ganglion cells (BGCs). The recent use of transgenic mouse lines with specific type(s) of ganglion cells that are labeled by fluorescent markers has facilitated the morphological and physiological studies of BGCs, particularly the directional‐selective BGCs. The most important benefit from using transgenic animals is the capability to perform in vivo gene manipulation. In particular, the Cre/LoxP recombination system has become a powerful tool, allowing gene deletion, overexpression, and ectopic expression in a cell type‐specific and temporally controlled fashion. The key to this tool is the availability of Cre mouse lines with cell or tissue type‐specific expression of Cre recombinase. In this study we characterized the Cre‐positive retinal ganglion cells in a PCP2 (Purkinje cell protein 2)‐cre mouse line. We found that all of the Cre‐positive retinal ganglion cells were BGCs. Based on morphological criteria, we determined that they can be grouped into five types. The On‐ and Off‐dendrites of three of these types stratified outside of the cholinergic bands and differed from directional selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) morphologically. These cells were negative for Brn‐3b and positive for both calretinin and CART retina markers. The remaining two types were identified as putative On‐Off and On‐DSGCs. This Cre mouse line could be useful for further studies of the molecular and functional properties of BGCs in mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2165–2180, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polariton Dynamics under Strong Light–Molecule Coupling
Authors: Schwartz Tal , Hutchison James A. , Léonard Jérémie , Genet Cyriaque , Haacke Stefan , Ebbesen Thomas W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe present a comprehensive experimental study of the photophysical properties of a molecule–cavity system under strong coupling conditions, using steady‐state and femtosecond time‐resolved emission and absorption techniques to selectively excite the lower and upper polaritons as well as the reservoir of uncoupled molecules. Our results demonstrate the complex decay routes in such hybrid systems and that, contrary to expectations, the lower polariton is intrinsically long‐lived.
Catalytic Synthesis of Hydroxymethyl‐2‐oxazolidinones from Glycerol or Glycerol Carbonate and Urea
Authors: Dibenedetto Angela , Nocito Francesco , Angelini Antonella , Papai Imre , Aresta Michele , Mancuso Raffaella 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOxazolidinones have been synthesized by reacting glycerol carbonate or glycerol with urea in the presence of γ‐Zr phosphate as a catalyst. The conversion yield of the polyol or its carbonate depends on the temperature. Below 408 K the selectivity is 100 % with a conversion of up to 25 %, whereas increasing the temperature means that conversion yield grows, but the selectivity decreases, which makes the separation process more difficult. Starting from glycerol carbonate, two isomers, 6 and 6′, are formed with a quasi 1:1 molar ratio because urea can attack the carbonate moiety on both sides of the carboxylic CO moiety. From glycerol the formation of the 6′ isomer is preferred: the ratio of 6′/6 is close to 7. The oxazolidinones formed act as templates because they interact through hydrogen bonding with glycerol. The intensity of the interaction depends on the 6 or 6′ isomer: DFT calculations showed that the energy was 22.6 kcal mol−1 for 6‐oxazolidinone and 25.7 kcal mol−1 for 6′‐oxazolidinone.
Application of a two‐source model for partitioning evapotranspiration and assessing its controls in temperate grasslands in central Japan
Authors: Wang Pei , Yamanaka Tsutomu 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPartitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) into soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration (T) is important for predicting the response of ecosystem water/energy budgets to climatic change. In this study, a new two‐source model of water and energy fluxes was developed and used to partition ET for a temperate–grassland ecosystem in central Japan, throughout a growing season. The Newton–Raphson iteration scheme was employed to solve the equations governing the energy balance at the canopy and the ground surface separately. Measured energy fluxes, including latent heat flux from the eddy covariance and energy balance method, and leaf temperature were compared with model predictions. Agreement between them demonstrates good performance by the model. Sensitivity analysis suggests this model is relatively insensitive to uncertainties/errors in assigned model parameters and measured input variables. Estimated T/ET was mainly controlled by shortwave radiation through changing leaf stomatal resistance at a diurnal timescale. Also, leaf area index is the primary controlling factor at a seasonal timescale and regulates both permittivity and canopy resistance. Soil moisture at the study site was a minor factor with the moderately humid conditions. Our results emphasize that water flow paths (i.e. transpiration and evaporation) from temperate grasslands to the atmosphere are strongly controlled by the physiological responses of plants to solar radiation on a diurnal timescale and vegetation growth on a seasonal timescale. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascade Palladium‐ and Copper‐Catalysed Aromatic Heterocycle Synthesis: The Emergence of General Precursors
Authors: Ball Catherine J. , Willis Michael C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSeveral privileged starting materials that allow access to a variety of different heterocyclic scaffolds through judicious choice of reaction conditions (and coupling partner) have emerged. This microreview focuses on the development and use of four of these starting material types in cascade reactions involving the palladium‐ or copper‐catalysed formation of aromatic carbon–nitrogen, carbon–oxygen or carbon–sulfur bonds.
Design and Construction of a New Modified Screen‐Printed Sensor for Voltammetric Determination of Molybdenum(VI) Ions
Authors: Sadeghi Susan , Garmroodi Aziz 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe development of a new electrochemical sensor for determination of trace molybdenum, based on cupferron‐tetraphenylborate ion‐pair drop coated modified screen‐printed carbon electrode (Cup‐SPCE) is described. The printing inks, printing device, substrate and all used materials for making the sensor were prepared as homemade. Under the optimum conditions, the analytical calibration curve was found bimodal with linear concentration ranges from 5 to 200 ng mL−1 and from 200 to 2000 ng mL−1. The detection limit of the method in the concentration of 5–200 ng mL−1 was found to be 2.5 ng mL−1. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Mo(VI) in drinking water samples.
Nanogold‐Enriched Carbon Nanohorn Label for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Biomarker on a Disposable Immunosensor
Authors: Zhao Changrong , Lin Dajie , Wu Jie , Ding Lin , Ju Huangxian , Yan Feng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel nanogold‐enriched carbon nanohorn structure (nanoAu/CNH) was designed as a trace tag for highly efficient electrochemical detection of tumor marker using a disposable immunosensor. The nanoAu/CNH was synthesized by one‐pot in situ growth of nanogold on carboxylated single‐walled CNH. The labeling of signal antibody was performed via the inherent interaction between protein and nanogold. The disposable immunosensor was constructed by covalently cross‐linking capture antibody on chitosan modified screen‐printed carbon electrode. With a sandwich format, the nanoAu/CNH labeled antibody was conjugated on the immunosensor for electrochemical measurement of tumor marker by electrooxidizing the nanoAu at +1.3 V and then cathodic potential scan in 0.1 M HCl. Using α‐fetoprotein as model target, the proposed immunoassay showed acceptable precision and wide linear range from 0.1 pg mL−1 to 1 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.07 pg mL−1. The new nanoAu/CNH label as well as the disposable immunosensor showed possessed potential application in point‐of‐care testing.
Event based analysis of chlorothalonil concentrations following application to managed turf
Authors: King Kevin W. , Balogh James C. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Chlorothalonil concentrations exceeding acute toxicity levels for certain organisms have been measured in surface water discharge events from managed turf watersheds. The duration of exceedence and the timing of these events related to precipitation/runoff and time since application, however, have not been explored. Chlorothalonil concentrations were measured from discharge waters draining a managed turf watershed in Duluth, Minnesota, USA, between 2003 and 2009. The median chlorothalonil concentration was 0.58 µg/L. Approximately 2% of all measured concentrations exceeded the 7.6 µg/L median lethal concentration (LC50) acute toxicity level for rainbow trout. One-twentieth the LC50 concentration, equivalent to the level of concern (0.38 µg/L) for endangered species, was exceeded 31% of the time during the present study. The concentrations that exceeded the LC50 threshold were associated with eight rainfall/runoff events. Low dose exposures are a more important biological concern than acute occurrences. Exceedence concentrations associated with acute effects were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) correlated to time since application and were measured only in the fall following extensive application. A conflict exists between the transportability of chlorothalonil as suggested by its chemical properties and the data collected in the present study. With respect to course-wide golf course application, avoiding application until after the major autumn rainfall period but before the first snow coverage is recommended to reduce occurrence of chlorothalonil concentrations that exceed toxic levels associated with acute and chronic levels of concern. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:684–691. © 2012 SETAC
An integrated assessment of sediment remediation in a midwestern U.S. stream using sediment chemistry, water quality, bioassessment, and fish biomarkers
Authors: Meier John R. , Snyder Steve , Sigler Victoria , Altfater Dave , Gray Mike , Batin Bill , Baumann Paul , Gordon Denise , Wernsing Paul , Lazorchak Jim 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A comprehensive biological, sediment, and water quality study of the lower Little Scioto River near Marion, Ohio, USA, was undertaken to evaluate the changes or improvements in biotic measurements following the removal of creosote-contaminated sediment. The study area covered 7.5 river miles (RMs), including a remediated section between RMs 6.0 and 6.8. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish biomarkers (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] metabolite levels in white sucker [Castostomus commersoni] and common carp [Cyprinus carpio] bile and DNA damage), sediment chemistry, and water quality were assessed at five locations relative to the primary source of historical PAH contamination—upstream (RM 9.2), adjacent (RM 6.5), and downstream (RMs 5.7, 4.4, and 2.7). Overall, the biomarker results were consistent with the sediment PAH results, showing a pattern of low levels of PAH bile metabolites and DNA damage at the upstream (reference or background location), as well as the remediated section, high levels at the two immediate downstream sites, and somewhat lower levels at the furthest downstream site. Results show that remediation was effective in reducing sediment contaminant concentrations and exposure of fish to PAHs and in improving fish assemblages (60% increase in index of biotic integrity scores) in remediated river sections. Additional remedial investigation and potentially further remediation is needed to improve the downstream benthic fish community, which is still heavily exposed to PAH contaminants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:653–661. © 2012 SETAC
High levels of maternally transferred mercury do not affect reproductive output or embryonic survival of northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon)
Authors: Chin Stephanie Y. , Willson John D. , Cristol Daniel A. , Drewett David V.V. , Hopkins William A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Maternal transfer is an important exposure pathway for contaminants because it can directly influence offspring development. Few studies have examined maternal transfer of contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), in snakes, despite their abundance and high trophic position in many ecosystems where Hg is prevalent. The objectives of the present study were to determine if Hg is maternally transferred in northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) and to evaluate the effects of maternal Hg on reproduction. The authors captured gravid female watersnakes (n = 31) along the South River in Waynesboro, Virginia, USA, where an extensive Hg-contamination gradient exists. The authors measured maternal tissue and litter Hg concentrations and, following birth, assessed (1) reproductive parameters (i.e., litter size and mass, neonate mass); (2) rates of infertility, death during development, stillbirths, malformations, and runts; and (3) the overall viability of offspring. Mercury concentrations in females were strongly and positively correlated with concentrations in litters, suggesting that N. sipedon maternally transfer Hg in proportion to their tissue residues. Maternal transfer resulted in high concentrations (up to 10.10 mg/kg dry wt total Hg) of Hg in offspring. The authors found little evidence of adverse effects of Hg on these measures of reproductive output and embryonic survival, suggesting that N. sipedon may be more tolerant of Hg than other vertebrate species. Given that this is the first study to examine the effects of maternally transferred contaminants in snakes and that the authors did not measure all reproductive endpoints, further research is needed to better understand factors that influence maternal transfer and associated sublethal effects on offspring. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:619–626. © 2012 SETAC
Advisory groups for evaluations in diverse cultural groups, communities, and contexts
Authors: Cohen Barry B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn advisory group constructed from within the community where a program evaluation is conducted can be an invaluable resource to an evaluator, particularly if the evaluator is an outsider and of a different culture. The author identifies useful roles that advisory groups have played in his organization's evaluations, and explores advisory group selection criteria, processes for identifying, vetting, and recruiting potential members who meet these criteria, and recruitment‐related pitfalls. Shortcomings of advisory groups in these contexts are discussed. The authors examine dos, don'ts, and lessons learned from working effectively with advisory groups in diverse cultural contexts; for example, understanding and appreciating unfamiliar styles of discourse and patterns of interaction and how to adapt to these. Differences in age, gender, position, social status, education, literacy, national origin, dialect, degree of assimilation, political affiliation, clan membership, knowledge of English, and comfort with European‐American manners and customs are all at play. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The evolution of a philosophy and practice of evaluation advice
Authors: Compton Donald W. , Baizerman Michael L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAdvice regarding evaluation can be solicited, given, and used in a variety of informal to formal practices, which can range from unstructured to highly structured. Gathering input into an evaluation is intended to include other perspectives and voices into a process so that the evaluation is cocreated with others to enhance its rigor, relevance, and utility. In evaluation practice, the advice system should be integrated within a model of evaluation practice and should be a component of effectively managing one or more evaluation studies. The authors draw on a combined 40‐year career in evaluation and in advice giving to review their increasingly sophisticated advice‐system practice. This history is mined for some real‐world problems encountered and how these were addressed. Finally, the article provides suggestions on how an evaluator can include soliciting advice to create a shared understanding necessary for good evaluation practice. This we call the evaluation facilitator. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
A model for evaluation advisory groups: Ethos, professional craft knowledge, practices, and skills
Authors: VeLure Roholt Ross , Baizerman Michael L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA practice model of evaluation advisory groups (EAGs) is described with the use of the frames of craft orientation, practice, and skills. Questions for EAG research and evaluation are presented, and a beginning guide to organizing and using an EAG is offered. A formal training agenda completes the text. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Polymorphisms of TNF and IL‐10 genes and clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Lech‐Maranda Ewa , Mlynarski Wojciech , Grzybowska‐Izydorczyk Olga , Borowiec Maciej , Pastorczak Agata , Cebula‐Obrzut Barbara , Klimkiewicz‐Wojciechowska Gabriela , Wcislo Monika , Majewski Miroslaw , Kotkowska Aleksandra , Robak Tadeusz , Warzocha Krzysztof 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGenetic variations in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) were reported to influence susceptibility to and outcome of patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Therefore, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF and IL‐10 may play a role in the clinical course of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). TNF‐308G>A, IL‐10‐3575T>A, and IL‐10‐1082A>G seem to be functionally relevant, were genotyped in 292 previously untreated patients with CLL. The control group consisted of 192 randomly selected blood donors. The patients carrying TNF‐308GG and IL‐10‐1082AA genotypes presented a higher 3‐year treatment‐free survival (56.6 vs. 40.6%, P = 0.05) as well as a 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates (92.3 vs. 57.6%, P = 0.005) than those with other TNF‐308 and IL‐10‐1082 genotype combinations. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the Rai stage (P = 0.0002), IGHV mutation status (P = 0.01), TNF‐308G>A (P = 0.03), and TNF/IL‐10 polymorphism‐based risk groups (P = 0.05) to be independent factors predicting OS. When the mutated IGHV patients were analyzed, the homozygotes TNF‐308GG and IL‐10‐1082AA presented a higher 10‐year OS rate than those carrying other TNF‐308 and IL‐10‐1082 genotypes (100 vs. 67.7%, P = 0.01). In the unmutated IGHV patients, only the TNF‐308G>A polymorphism influenced OS. The genetic variations in TNF and IL‐10 genes work as independent predictors of survival and may play a role in the clinical course of CLL. It suggests inherited ability of the host to shift the balance between the Th1 and Th2 response, which in turn might contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of B‐cell malignancies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.