bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of deceased donor split liver transplantation in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo , Ogura Yasuhiro , Inomata Yukihiro , Uemoto Shinji ,   on behalf of the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of deceased donor split liver transplantation (LT) in Japan.MethodsAmong 257 deceased donor LTs, 36 recipients underwent split LT until the end of 2014. The clinical data of donors and recipients were collected from the national organ transplant network and 11 liver transplant institutions, and the outcomes of split LT were evaluated.ResultsMost of the whole livers were divided using the ex‐situ splitting technique. Twelve livers were divided to left lateral segment/extended right lobe grafts and six livers to left lobe/right lobe grafts. The common underlying liver diseases consisted of graft failure in 11 patients, followed by acute liver failure in nine. Seventeen cases (48.6%) suffered from surgical complications, including biliary complications in six, all of which occurred in the cases receiving right‐sided lobe grafts; intra‐abdominal hemorrhage in five; and vascular complications in four. The overall graft 1‐year and 3‐year survival rates were 91.0% and 87.1%, respectively.ConclusionsAn initial experience of deceased donor split LT in Japan shows acceptable outcomes despite the high incidence of surgical complications. Further advances in the development of the splitting technique are necessary to expand the application of split LT.
Salvage of the proximal femur following pathological fractures involving benign bone tumors
Authors: Carvallo Pedro I. , Griffin Anthony M. , Ferguson Peter C. , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectivesTo describe the surgical treatment of patients with a pathologic fracture through a benign tumor of the proximal femur to determine if there is a difference in local recurrence, complications or functional outcome compared to patients with tumors in the same location without pathologic fractures.MethodsFrom 1989–2010, of 97 patients, 29 presented with a pathologic fracture (PF) through a proximal femoral benign bone tumor and 68 presented without a pathologic fracture (NPF). Outcomes of the two groups were compared in terms of surgical management, postoperative complications, local recurrence and functional scores.ResultsFibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumor of bone and chondroblastoma were the most common subtypes. Most patients were managed with joint preservation in both PF (86.2%) and NPF (98.5%) groups (P = 0.03). Local recurrence risk was similar for patients in the PF (10.3%) and NPF (8.8%) groups. Mean follow‐up was 105.7 months (P = 0.8). Functional outcome scores were high in both groups and not statistically significantly different.ConclusionsThe majority of pathologic fractures through a benign bone tumor of the proximal femur can be successfully treated with curettage, burring, bone grafting and internal fixation without increasing the risk of local recurrence or negatively impacting functional outcome.J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:846–852. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auditory brainstem implant in postlingual postmeningitic patients
Authors: Bayazit Yildirim , Kosaner Julie , Celenk Fatih , Somdas Mehmet , Yilmaz Ismail , Altin Gokhan , Cevizci Rasit , Yavuz Haluk , Ozluoglu Levent 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of postlingual postmeningitic patients who received an auditory brainstem implant (ABI).Study DesignRetrospective analysis was performed on postlingual postmeningitic patients with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss who underwent ABI between the years 2007 and 2014MethodsAll patients were postlingually deaf due to cochlear ossification as a consequence of bacterial meningitis. The patients received a MED‐EL or Neurelec ABI. All patients were operated on at different hospitals by the same primary surgeon. The patients were tested using Ling 5 sound detection, sound field implant thresholds between 250 Hz and 6 kHz, and 6 to 12 choice closed‐set word and sentence tests.ResultsNine patients with postmeningitic cochlear ossification received an ABI. Five of nine ABI users (55.5%) wear their audio processors (AP) most of the time. Four (44.5%) with no perceivable benefit have become nonusers. Three of the five consistent ABI users reported good benefit. The other two ABI users who do wear their APs do not respond to sound in daily living but reported benefits such as “feeling sound” in a good way.ConclusionsIn this study, five of nine patients (55.5%) with bilateral ossified cochlea had some degree of benefit from their ABI. An ABI may be useful in hearing restoration in postlingual patients with bilateral ossified cochlea due to meningitis. However, poor results may be related to side effects, which may necessitate deactivation of electrodes, long duration of auditory deprivation, or impairments in the auditory neural structures as a result of meningitis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1889–1892, 2016
Strukturierte Aufklärung und Beratung bei monogen vererbten Stoffwechselkrankheiten
Authors: Burgard Peter , Wendel Udo 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung
Monogene Stoffwechselkrankheiten werden rezessiv, x-chromosomal oder dominant vererbt und stellen für die Mehrzahl konkret oder potenziell betroffener Personen (Patienten, Eltern, Verwandte), aber auch für medizinische und paramedizinische Berufe wenig bis völlig unbekannte Diagnosen dar. Sie sind einzeln selten (mit Prävalenzen zwischen 1:1.000.000 und 1:7000), insgesamt jedoch relativ häufig (ca. 1:800). Zur Erklärung reicht selbst das Standardvokabular der Sprache bildungsnaher Menschen nicht aus. Besondere Anforderungen stellt die Erstinformation nach Diagnosestellung, da bei Krankheiten vom Intoxikationstyp sofort mit der Behandlung begonnen werden muss. Vorhersagen des metabolischen bzw. klinischen Phänotyps auf der Basis des Genotyps sind in der Regel statistischer Natur. Individualprognosen können, wenn überhaupt, meist nur aus dem Verlauf des Phänotyps abgeleitet werden. Adäquate Aufklärung und Beratung ist nicht zuletzt deshalb notwendig, weil die Behandlung von den Familien bzw. Patienten meist lebenslang selbst durchgeführt werden muss und sich im Verlauf stets neue Fragen und Anforderungen zur weiteren Diagnostik und Therapie ergeben. Im Falle einer Schwangerschaft zum Schutz des ungeborenen Kindes notwendige intensivierte Therapien müssen bereits präkonzeptionell eingeübt werden. Die Aufklärung und Beratung von Patienten und deren Familien sollte in enger Kooperation von Stoffwechselmedizinern und Humangenetikern unter Verwendung von anschaulichen grafischen und schriftlichen Materialien unterstützt und diese den Ratsuchenden anschließend ausgehändigt werden.
Youth Resilience Corps: An Innovative Model to Engage Youth in Building Disaster Resilience
Authors: Acosta Joie , Towe Vivian , Chandra Anita , Chari Ramya 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveDespite the growing awareness that youth are not just passive victims of disaster but can contribute to a community’s disaster resilience, there have been limited efforts to formally engage youth in strengthening community resilience. The purpose of this brief report was to describe the development of a Youth Resilience Corps, or YRC (ie, a set of tools to engage young people in youth-led community resilience activities) and the findings from a small-scale pilot test.MethodsThe YRC was developed with input from a range of government and nongovernmental stakeholders. We conducted a pilot test with youth in Washington, DC, during summer 2014. Semi-structured focus groups with staff and youth surveys were used to obtain feedback on the YRC tools and to assess what participants learned.ResultsFocus groups and youth surveys suggested that the youth understood resilience concepts, and that most youth enjoyed and learned from the components.ConclusionsThe YRC represent an important first step toward engaging youth in building disaster resilience, rather than just focusing on this group as a vulnerable population in need of special attention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:47–50)
Automated leaf physiognomic character identification from digital images
Authors: MacLeod Norman , Steart David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractResearch into the relationship between leaf form and climate over the last century has revealed that, in many species, the sizes and shapes of leaf characters exhibit highly structured and predictable patterns of variation in response to the local climate. Several procedures have been developed that quantify covariation between the relative abundance of plant character states and the states of climate variables as a means of estimating paleoclimate parameters. One of the most widely used of these is the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP). The consistency, accuracy and reliability with which leaf characters can be identified and assigned to CLAMP character-state categories is critical to the accuracy of all CLAMP analyses. Here we report results of a series of performance tests for an image-based, fully automated at the point of use, leaf character scoring system that can be used to generate CLAMP leaf character state data for: leaf bases (acute, cordate and round), leaf apices (acute, attenuate), leaf shapes (ovate, elliptical and obovate), leaf lobing (unlobed, lobed), and leaf aspect ratios (length/width). This image-based system returned jackknifed identification accuracy ratios of between 87% and 100%. These results demonstrate that automated image-based identification systems have the potential to improve paleoenvironmental inferences via the provision of accurate, consistent and rapid CLAMP leaf-character identifications. More generally, our results provide strong support for the feasibility of using fully automated, image-based morphometric procedures to address the general problem of morphological character-state identification.
A model for the central control of airflow patterns within the human nasal cycle
Authors: Williams M , Eccles R 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:The nasal cycle exhibits mainly reciprocal changes in nasal airflow that may be controlled from centres in the hypothalamus and brainstem. This study aims to gather new knowledge about the nasal cycle to help develop a control model.Method:Right and left nasal airflow was measured in healthy human subjects by rhinomanometry. This was performed over 7-hour periods on 2 study days separated by approximately 1 week. The correlation coefficient for nasal airflow was calculated for day 1 and day 2.Results:Thirty subjects (mean age, 22.7 years) completed the study. The correlation coefficient for nasal airflow varied between r = 0.97 with in-phase changes in airflow and r = −0.89 with reciprocal changes in airflow. The majority of r values were negative, indicating reciprocal changes in airflow (50 out of 60). There was a tendency for r values to become more negative between day 1 and day 2 (p< 0.001).Conclusion:A control model involving a hypothalamic centre and two brainstem half centres is proposed to explain both the in-phase and reciprocal changes in airflow associated with the nasal cycle.
Study on size of laser entrance hole shield for ignition octahedral spherical hohlraums
Authors: Li Shu , Lan Ke , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the influences of laser entrance hole shields on capsule symmetry and coupling efficiency of an ignition octahedral spherical hohlraum are studied using analytical model and three-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulations. As a result, there are two critical shield radii at which the capsule asymmetry tends to minimum, and the coupling efficiency from hohlraum to capsule reaches its maximum when the shield size is taken around the second critical radius. For the ignition octahedral hohlraums used in our study, the first critical radius is 0.625 mm with a capsule asymmetry of 0.24%, and the second is 0.86 mm with 0.26%, and the asymmetry is smaller than 0.58% for shields’ radius in the range of 0.44 and 0.88 mm, which therefore leaves much flexibility in the shield radius design even the shields have an expansion under radiation ablation. The initial shield radius can be taken around the first critical radius in the ignition target design, not only to have a minimum initial capsule radiation asymmetry, but also to get a minimum asymmetry and highest coupling efficiency during the main pulse of drive. Finally, the relative flux of laser spot, wall and shields is 2.2:1:0.6 for our ignition octahedral spherical hohlraum model from the Monte-Carlo simulations.
Increasing herd immunity with influenza revaccination
Authors: MOORING E. Q. , BANSAL S. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYSeasonal influenza is a significant public health concern globally. While influenza vaccines are the single most effective intervention to reduce influenza morbidity and mortality, there is considerable debate surrounding the merits and consequences of repeated seasonal vaccination. Here, we describe a two-season influenza epidemic contact network model and use it to demonstrate that increasing the level of continuity in vaccination across seasons reduces the burden on public health. We show that revaccination reduces the influenza attack rate not only because it reduces the overall number of susceptible individuals, but also because it better protects highly connected individuals, who would otherwise make a disproportionately large contribution to influenza transmission. We also demonstrate that our results hold on an empirical contact network, in the presence of assortativity in vaccination status, and are robust for a range of vaccine coverage and efficacy levels. Our work contributes a population-level perspective to debates about the merits of repeated influenza vaccination and advocates for public health policy to incorporate individual vaccine histories.
THE RELEVANT FRAGMENT OF FIRST ORDER LOGIC
Authors: BADIA GUILLERMO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUnder a proper translation, the languages of propositional (and quantified relevant logic) with an absurdity constant are characterized as the fragments of first order logic preserved under (world-object) relevant directed bisimulations. Furthermore, the properties of pointed models axiomatizable by sets of propositional relevant formulas have a purely algebraic characterization. Finally, a form of the interpolation property holds for the relevant fragment of first order logic.
RNAi pathway participates in chromosome segregation in mammalian cells
Authors: Huang Chuan , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Xu , Cao Shuhuan , Shan Ge 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe RNAi machinery is a mighty regulator in a myriad of life events. Despite lines of evidence that small RNAs and components of the RNAi pathway may be associated with structure and behavior of mitotic chromosomes in diverse organisms, a direct role of the RNAi pathway in mammalian mitotic chromosome segregation remains elusive. Here we report that Dicer and AGO2, two central components of the mammalian RNAi pathway, participate in the chromosome segregation. Knockdown of Dicer or AGO2 results in a higher incidence of chromosome lagging, and this effect is independent from microRNAs as examined with DGCR8 knockout cells. Further investigation has revealed that α-satellite RNA, a noncoding RNA derived from centromeric repeat region, is managed by AGO2 under the guidance of endogenous small interference RNAs (ASAT siRNAs) generated by Dicer. Furthermore, the slicer activity of AGO2 is essential for the chromosome segregation. Level and distribution of chromosome-associated α-satellite RNA have crucial regulatory effect on the localization of centromeric proteins such as centromere protein C1 (CENPC1). With these results, we also provide a paradigm in which the RNAi pathway participates in vital cellular events through the maintenance of level and distribution of noncoding RNAs in cells.
Microbial metagenomes from three aquifers in the Fennoscandian shield terrestrial deep biosphere reveal metabolic partitioning among populations
Authors: Wu Xiaofen , Holmfeldt Karin , Hubalek Valerie , Lundin Daniel , Åström Mats , Bertilsson Stefan , Dopson Mark 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Microorganisms in the terrestrial deep biosphere host up to 20% of the earth’s biomass and are suggested to be sustained by the gases hydrogen and carbon dioxide. A metagenome analysis of three deep subsurface water types of contrasting age (from &lt;20 to several thousand years) and depth (171 to 448 m) revealed phylogenetically distinct microbial community subsets that either passed or were retained by a 0.22 μm filter. Such cells of &lt;0.22 μm would have been overlooked in previous studies relying on membrane capture. Metagenomes from the three water types were used for reconstruction of 69 distinct microbial genomes, each with &gt;86% coverage. The populations were dominated by Proteobacteria, Candidate divisions, unclassified archaea and unclassified bacteria. The estimated genome sizes of the &lt;0.22 μm populations were generally smaller than their phylogenetically closest relatives, suggesting that small dimensions along with a reduced genome size may be adaptations to oligotrophy. Shallow ‘modern marine’ water showed community members with a predominantly heterotrophic lifestyle. In contrast, the deeper, ‘old saline’ water adhered more closely to the current paradigm of a hydrogen-driven deep biosphere. The data were finally used to create a combined metabolic model of the deep terrestrial biosphere microbial community.
Degradation of the ABA co-receptor ABI1 by PUB12/13 U-box E3 ligases
Authors: Kong Lingyao , Cheng Jinkui , Zhu Yujuan , Ding Yanglin , Meng Jingjing , Chen Zhizhong , Xie Qi , Guo Yan , Li Jigang , Yang Shuhua , Gong Zhizhong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractClade A protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) are abscisic acid (ABA) co-receptors that block ABA signalling by inhibiting the downstream protein kinases. ABA signalling is activated after PP2Cs are inhibited by ABA-bound PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors (PYLs) in Arabidopsis. However, whether these PP2Cs are regulated by other factors remains unknown. Here, we report that ABI1 (ABA-INSENSITIVE 1) can interact with the U-box E3 ligases PUB12 and PUB13, but is ubiquitinated only when it interacts with ABA receptors in an in vitro assay. A mutant form of ABI1-1 that is unable to interact with PYLs is more stable than the wild-type protein. Both ABI1 degradation and all tested ABA responses are reduced in pub12 pub13 mutants compared with the wild type. Introducing the abi1-3 loss-of-function mutation into pub12 pub13 mutant recovers the ABA-insensitive phenotypes of the pub12 pub13 mutant. We thus uncover an important regulatory mechanism for regulating ABI1 levels by PUB12 and PUB13.
Derivation of Ethnically Diverse Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines
Authors: Chang Eun Ah , Tomov Martin L. , Suhr Steven T. , Luo Jiesi , Olmsted Zachary T. , Paluh Janet L. , Cibelli Jose 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe human genome with all its ethnic variations contributes to differences in human development, aging, disease, repair and response to medical treatments and is an exciting area of research and clinical study. The availability of well-characterized ethnically diverse stem cell lines is limited and has not kept pace with other advances in stem cell research. Here we derived xenofree ethnically diverse-human induced pluripotent stem cell (ED-iPSC) lines from fibroblasts obtained from individuals of African American, Hispanic-Latino, Asian and Caucasian ethnic origin and have characterized the lines under a uniform platform for comparative analysis. Derived ED-iPSC lines are low passage number and evaluated in vivo by teratoma formation and in vitro by high throughput microarray analysis of EB formation and early differentiation for tri-lineage commitment to endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. These new xenofree ED-iPSC lines represent a well-characterized valuable resource with potential for use in future research in drug discovery or clinical investigations.
Effect of Electron Energy Distribution on the Hysteresis of Plasma Discharge: Theory, Experiment and Modeling
Authors: Lee Hyo-Chang , Chung Chin-Wook 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHysteresis, which is the history dependence of physical systems, is one of the most important topics in physics. Interestingly, bi-stability of plasma with a huge hysteresis loop has been observed in inductive plasma discharges. Despite long plasma research, how this plasma hysteresis occurs remains an unresolved question in plasma physics. Here, we report theory, experiment and modeling of the hysteresis. It was found experimentally and theoretically that evolution of the electron energy distribution (EED) makes a strong plasma hysteresis. In Ramsauer and non-Ramsauer gas experiments, it was revealed that the plasma hysteresis is observed only at high pressure Ramsauer gas where the EED deviates considerably from a Maxwellian shape. This hysteresis was presented in the plasma balance model where the EED is considered. Because electrons in plasmas are usually not in a thermal equilibrium, this EED-effect can be regarded as a universal phenomenon in plasma physics.
Morphological Variability and Distinct Protein Profiles of Cultured and Endosymbiotic Symbiodinium cells Isolated from Exaiptasia pulchella
Authors: Pasaribu Buntora , Weng Li-Chi , Lin I-Ping , Camargo Eddie , Tzen Jason T. C. , Tsai Ching-Hsiu , Ho Shin-Lon , Lin Mong-Rong , Wang Li-Hsueh , Chen Chii-Shiarng , Jiang Pei-Luen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSymbiodinium is a dinoflagellate that plays an important role in the physiology of the symbiotic relationships of Cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones. However, it is very difficult to cultivate free-living dinoflagellates after being isolated from the host, as they are very sensitive to environmental changes. How these symbiont cells are supported by the host tissue is still unclear. This study investigated the characteristics of Symbiodinium cells, particularly with respect to the morphological variability and distinct protein profiles of both cultured and endosymbiotic Symbiodinium which were freshly isolated from Exaiptasia pulchella. The response of the cellular morphology of freshly isolated Symbiodinium cells kept under a 12 h L:12 h D cycle to different temperatures was measured. Cellular proliferation was investigated by measuring the growth pattern of Symbiodinium cells, the results of which indicated that the growth was significantly reduced in response to the extreme temperatures. Proteomic analysis of freshly isolated Symbiodinium cells revealed twelve novel proteins that putatively included transcription translation factors, photosystem proteins and proteins associated with energy and lipid metabolism, as well as defense response. The results of this study will bring more understandings to the mechanisms governing the endosymbiotic relationship between the cnidarians and dinoflagellates.