bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Still a good neighbour? Implications of changing priorities in New Zealand Aotearoa's aid sector
Authors: Zweifel Esther , Hill Douglas P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe period following the election of the National government in 2008 has been controversial for Aotearoa New Zealand's aid programme for a number of reasons. This article examines changes in funding modalities and other aspects of non‐governmental organisation (NGO)–government relations as the sites of contested philosophies that surround aid and development discourse. In focusing on the introduction of the Sustainable Development Fund in 2010, the article argues that this shift has generated significant uncertainty among the aid community and may ultimately undermine many of the relationships NGOs previously enjoyed with partners in the Global South.
New Zealand Census 2013: A short commentary on the role which the Census plays and the findings of the 2013 Census
Authors: Campbell Malcolm 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis short paper aims to discuss the role and the importance of the Census in New Zealand. It also discusses some of the multitude of uses of Census data in various contexts to help us understand the demographic and socio‐economic landscape of New Zealand. Debates internationally on the nature, scale and frequency of a national Census, or even whether a Census is necessary at all, mean that we cannot take this valuable resource for granted. With this in mind, we as geographers have a wealth of data to explore and analyse that we should take full advantage of. What gets counted counts!
Place invaders: Identity, place attachment and possum control in the South Island West Coast of New Zealand
Authors: Bidwell Susan , Thompson Lee 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe pesticide 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) is used in New Zealand as the primary means of controlling the Australian brushtail possum, a problem pest. This study identified place and its role in identity as an important mediator of the perspectives of those that either strongly supported or opposed its use. Individuals' differing constructions of place influenced the way they perceived ‘others’ as a threat to their place and their views on control of its management and protection. This study may contribute to a new understanding of the importance of place in this and other similar natural resource disputes.
Trainee‐therapists are not all equal: Examination of therapeutic efficiency, effectiveness and early client dropout after 12 months of clinical training
Authors: Banham James A. , Schweitzer Robert D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveContemporary research demonstrates the feasibility of assessing therapeutic performance of trainee‐therapists through the use of objective measures of client treatment outcome. Further, significant variation between individual therapists based on their client treatment outcomes has been demonstrated. This study sets out to determine whether a reliable composite measure of therapeutic efficiency, effectiveness and early dropout can be developed and used to objectively compare trainee‐therapists against each other.Design and methodsTreatment outcomes of 611 clients receiving treatment from 58 trainee‐therapists enrolled in a professional training programme were tracked with the OQ‐45.2 over a 6‐year period to assess therapeutic efficiency, therapeutic effectiveness and early client dropout.ResultsSignificant variation between trainee‐therapists was observed for each index. Findings of a moderately strong correlation between therapeutic efficiency and effectiveness enabled the ranking of trainee‐therapists based upon a composite measure of these indexes. A non‐significant correlation was found between early client dropout and measures of therapeutic effectiveness and efficiency.ConclusionsThe findings stress the importance of utilizing objective measures to track the treatment outcomes. Despite all trainee‐therapists being enrolled in the same training programme, significant variation between trainee‐therapists' therapeutic efficiency and effectiveness was found to exist.Practitioner points

Developing of potential benchmarking tools that enable trainee‐therapists, supervisors and educational institutions to quickly assess therapeutic performance can become part of a holistic assessment of a trainee‐therapist's clinical development.

Despite an inherent optimistic belief that therapists do not cause harm, there appears to be a small and significant proportion of trainee‐therapists who consistently evidence little therapeutic change.

Considerable variability in trainee‐therapists' therapeutic efficiency and effectiveness can exist in the one training programme.

Early client dropout may not be associated with therapists' therapeutic effectiveness and efficiency.
Prostaglandin E‐mediated molecular mechanisms driving remodeling of the ductus arteriosus
Authors: Yokoyama Utako 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe ductus arteriosus (DA), a fetal arterial connection between the pulmonary arteries and aorta, normally closes after birth. Persistent DA patency usually has life‐threatening consequences. In certain DA‐dependent congenital heart diseases, however, patient survival depends on maintaining DA patency. Complete closure of the DA involves both functional closure, induced by muscle contraction, and anatomical closure, achieved through morphological and molecular remodeling. Anatomical closure of the DA is associated with the formation of intimal thickening, which is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix in the subendothelial region, sparse elastic fiber formation, and migration of medial smooth muscle cells into the subendothelial space. In addition, fetal molecular remodeling that is suitable for postnatal muscle contraction has been observed in the DA. After the second trimester, high concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) causes the DA to dilate through the remainder of the fetal period. Emerging evidence from studies using pharmacological approaches and genetically modified mice suggests that, in addition to its vasodilatory effect, this chronic exposure to PGE2 promotes DA‐specific anatomical and molecular remodeling through EP4, one of four receptor subtypes for PGE2. Signals that are downstream of PGE2‐EP4, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP)‐protein kinase A (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), phospholipase C, and Wnt/β‐catenin, may be involved in the regulation of intimal thickening, elastogenesis, and contraction‐related genes. Understanding the physiological role of PGE2 in DA remodeling could enable more effective regulation of PDA, both in isolation and in the context of congenital cardiac anomalies.
Limited surgical resection for graft salvage following recovery from complicated exfoliative rejection in pediatric intestinal recipients
Authors: Goldschmidt Monique L. , Kocoshis Samuel A. , Tiao Gregory M. , Alonso Maria H. , Nathan Jaimie D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractComplications of ER contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality following intestinal transplantation. The surgical management of three pediatric patients who experienced complications of late ER after composite LSB transplantation is described, highlighting the potential for allograft salvage after limited surgical resection. A retrospective case series was compiled. Data collected included time to ER from transplant, medical management of ER, complications, and surgical management of ER complications. All patients had undergone composite LSB transplantation between one and two yr of age. Time to ER after transplantation was 9.5–26.5 months. ER complications included ileal allograft stricture, intramural hematoma with perforation of jejunal allograft, and massive GI hemorrhage secondary to focal ulceration and pseudopolyp formation. With evidence of mucosal regeneration, all three patients underwent limited segmental allograft resection. Two patients continue to maintain satisfactory allograft function 39–44 months following operation. The third patient retained adequate allograft function until he developed PTLD, subsequently dying from disseminated Adenovirus infection 51 months after resection. Severe disruption of intestinal allograft integrity in ER can lend itself to medically refractory complications. Prompt recognition and surgical correction of complications can play a crucial role in allograft salvage and patient survival after ER.
Cueing vocabulary during sleep increases theta activity during later recognition testing
Authors: Schreiner Thomas , Göldi Maurice , Rasch Björn 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNeural oscillations in the theta band have repeatedly been implicated in successful memory encoding and retrieval. Several recent studies have shown that memory retrieval can be facilitated by reactivating memories during their consolidation during sleep. However, it is still unknown whether reactivation during sleep also enhances subsequent retrieval‐related neural oscillations. We have recently demonstrated that foreign vocabulary cues presented during sleep improve later recall of the associated translations. Here, we examined the effect of cueing foreign vocabulary during sleep on oscillatory activity during subsequent recognition testing after sleep. We show that those words that were replayed during sleep after learning (cued words) elicited stronger centroparietal theta activity during recognition as compared to noncued words. The reactivation‐induced increase in theta oscillations during later recognition testing might reflect a strengthening of individual memory traces and the integration of the newly learned words into the mental lexicon by cueing during sleep.
Particularism about Composition
Authors: Gabriel John 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnwilling to adopt the radical ontologies that leading answers to van Inwagen's special composition question imply, Ned Markosian proposes that there is no true, non‐trivial, and finitely long answer to the SCQ. On my usage, this makes Markosian a particularist about composition. I argue that an improved version of Markosian's particularism fails because it cannot explain how sense perception justifies many of the ordinary‐object beliefs we base on it. I further argue that psychologists' research on object perception suggests that general principles govern how we perceptually discriminate unified wholes from mere pluralities, and this narrows the range of answers to the SCQ available to commonsense ontologists.
A Fine Balance: Developing Clinical Practice Guidelines in Areas Where Evidence is Lacking
Authors: Levin Adeera , Wheeler David C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOver the last 15 years, numerous clinical practice guidelines have been developed by clinicians driven by national societies and funders of healthcare services. Writing and publication of guidelines have been refined such that a transparent and robust process has evolved. The main purpose of clinical practice guidelines is to provide healthcare professionals with evidence‐based recommendations to assist clinical decision‐making and reduce variability in clinical practice: this benefits patients and the healthcare system. When evidence is abundant and robust, guideline development is relatively straightforward. However, in areas where evidence is lacking, there is a tension between providing advice based on expert opinion while maintaining a clinical equipoise that will facilitate the design and execution of clinical trials, so that new information is gained, and that will ultimately inform care . In this commentary, we explore these problems and suggest an alternative approach to the development of clinical guidance in areas where evidence is lacking.
Long‐term effects of tillage, nutrient application and crop rotation on soil organic matter quality assessed byNMRspectroscopy
Authors: Shrestha B. M. , Singh B. R. , Forte C. , Certini G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCrop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long‐term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation onSOCin an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6‐yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2‐yr cereal and 4‐yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn‐ploughed (conventional‐till) plots and direct‐drilled plots (no‐till). Soil samples at 0–10 and 10–30 cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality ofSOMin the top layer was determined by13C solid‐stateNMRspectroscopy. TheSOCstock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56 yr. However, the no‐till system showed a significantly higherSOCstock than the conventional‐till system at the 0–10 cm depth after the 26 yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10–30 cm depth. In terms of quality,SOMwas found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no‐till system showed an abundance of O‐alkyl C, while conventional‐till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage ofSOMdecomposition. The long‐term quantitative and qualitative effects onSOMsuggest that adopting a no‐tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change.
Development Differentials and Interaction Effects in the European Regions: A Study Based on the Regional Lisbon Index
Authors: Rios Vicente , Arzoz Pedro Pascual , Apezteguia BelÉn iraizoz 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates regional development dynamics in a sample of 254 NUTS 2 European Union regions over the period 2000–2010. To that end, we propose a new version of the regional Lisbon index containing changes with respect the index developed by Dijkstra. The regional Lisbon index includes employment, education and R&D indicators. Targets for these indicators are related to an action and economic development plan for the EU regions and have been incorporated into European Regional Policy programming. The analysis of regional development is based on the estimation of the spatial Durbin model, containing endogenous and exogenous interaction effects. We compare the performance of different specifications of the spatial weights matrix describing the spatial arrangement of the sample regions finding evidence in favour of an exponential‐decay distance matrix. Using this matrix, we determine the extent to which a change in a covariate in a particular region affects development in other regions.
Opportunistic infections complicating solid organ transplantation with alemtuzumab induction
Authors: Helfrich M. , Ison M.G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOpportunistic infections remain a common complication of solid organ transplantation. Despite significant changes in immunosuppression and infectious diseases prophylaxis, data are limited on the contemporary epidemiology and outcomes of opportunistic infections. Alemtuzumab, a potent lymphocyte‐depleting antibody, has been used with increased frequency in solid organ transplant recipients in the last decade. A literature review was performed to summarize the current understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of opportunistic infections complicating solid organ transplantation with and without alemtuzumab induction therapy. Areas where data are limited regarding opportunistic infections in solid organ transplantation with alemtuzumab induction are indicated.
The Arabidopsis TAC Position Viewer: a high‐resolution map of transformation‐competent artificial chromosome (TAC) clones aligned with theArabidopsis thalianaColumbia‐0 genome
Authors: Hirose Yoshitsugu , Suda Kunihiro , Liu Yao‐Guang , Sato Shusei , Nakamura Yukino , Yokoyama Koji , Yamamoto Naoki , Hanano Shigeru , Takita Eiji , Sakurai Nozomu , Suzuki Hideyuki , Nakamura Yasukazu , Kaneko Takakazu , Yano Kentaro , Tabata Satoshi , Shibata Daisuke 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe present a high‐resolution map of genomic transformation‐competent artificial chromosome (TAC) clones extending over allArabidopsis thaliana(Arabidopsis) chromosomes. The Arabidopsis genomicTACclones have been valuable genetic tools. Previously, we constructed an Arabidopsis genomicTAClibrary consisting of more than 10 000TACclones harboring large genomicDNAfragments extending over the whole Arabidopsis genome. Here, we determined 13 577 end sequences from 6987 ArabidopsisTACclones and mapped 5937TACclones to precise locations, covering approximately 90% of the Arabidopsis chromosomes. We present the large‐scale data set ofTACclones with high‐resolution mapping information as a Java application tool, the ArabidopsisTACPosition Viewer, which provides ready‐to‐go transformable genomicDNAclones corresponding to certain loci on Arabidopsis chromosomes. TheTACclone resources will accelerate genomicDNAcloning, positional walking, complementation of mutants andDNAtransformation for heterologous gene expression.
Exotic plants along roads near La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Fernández‐Murillo M P , Rico A , Kindlmann P 
Published: July 2015

SummaryDistributions of invasive alien species (IAS) are well documented all over the world, and roads are considered one of the main means by which IAS spread. Bolivia is one of a few countries for which there are no such studies. For this reason, we determined the number of exotic plant species in the vicinity of roads near the city of La Paz, Bolivia. We distinguish two types of roads, paved and gravel roads, and in their vicinity, we studied the floristic composition in three regions, differing mainly in altitude: high Andes, puna grassland and dry valley. We found three exotic species in the vicinity of roads in the high Andes, five in puna grassland and 10 in the dry valley. We found 13 exotic species along gravel roads and nine along paved roads, whilst there was a trend for such species to be more abundant close to the roads than further away. Pennisetum clandestinum was the most frequently recorded exotic species in all regions and associated with both types of roads. The results indicate that exotic species are quite frequent along roads in Bolivia and present a potential threat as invasive species. Therefore, it may be necessary to take measures to prevent IAS from spreading further.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Trichinellosis Caused by Consumption of Pork Meat Sausages inArgentina
Authors: Sequeira G. J. , Zbrun M. V. , Soto L. P. , Astesana D. M. , Blajman J. E. , Rosmini M. R. , Frizzo L. S. , Signorini M. L. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn Argentina, there are three known species of genusTrichinella; however,Trichinella spiralisis most commonly associated with domestic pigs and it is recognized as the main cause of human trichinellosis by the consumption of products made with raw or insufficiently cooked pork meat. In some areas of Argentina, this disease is endemic and it is thus necessary to develop a more effective programme of prevention and control. Here, we developed a quantitative risk assessment of human trichinellosis following pork meat sausage consumption, which may be used to identify the stages with greater impact on the probability of acquiring the disease. The quantitative model was designed to describe the conditions in which the meat is produced, processed, transported, stored, sold and consumed in Argentina. The model predicted a risk of human trichinellosis of 4.88 × 10−6and an estimated annual number of trichinellosis cases of 109. The risk of human trichinellosis was sensitive to the number ofTrichinellalarvae that effectively survived the storage period (r = 0.89), the average probability of infection (PPinf) (r = 0.44) and the storage time (Storage) (r = 0.08). This model allowed assessing the impact of different factors influencing the risk of acquiring trichinellosis. The model may thus help to select possible strategies to reduce the risk in the chain of by‐products of pork production.
Postnatal maturation of GABAergic modulation of sensory inputs onto lateral amygdala principal neurons
Authors: Bosch Daniel , Ehrlich Ingrid 
Published: July 2015

Key points
Throughout life, fear learning is indispensable for survival and neural plasticity in the lateral amygdala underlies this learning and storage of fear memories.
During development, properties of fear learning continue to change into adulthood, but currently little is known about changes in amygdala circuits that enable these behavioural transitions.
In recordings from neurons in lateral amygdala brain slices from infant up to adult mice, we show that spontaneous and evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions mature into adolescence.
At this time, increased inhibitory activity and signalling has the ability to restrict the function of excitation by presynaptic modulation, and may thus enable precise stimulus associations to limit fear generalization from adolescence onward.
Our results provide a basis for addressing plasticity mechanisms that underlie altered fear behaviour in young animals.
AbstractConvergent evidence suggests that plasticity in the lateral amygdala (LA) participates in acquisition and storage of fear memory. Sensory inputs from thalamic and cortical areas activate principal neurons and local GABAergic interneurons, which provide feed‐forward inhibition that tightly controls LA activity and plasticity via pre‐ and postsynaptic GABAA and GABAB receptors. GABAergic control is also critical during fear expression, generalization and extinction in adult animals. During rodent development, properties of fear and extinction learning continue to change into early adulthood. Currently, few studies have assessed physiological changes in amygdala circuits that may enable these behavioural transitions. To obtain first insights, we investigated changes in spontaneous and sensory input‐evoked inhibition onto LA principal neurons and then focused on GABAB receptor‐mediated modulation of excitatory sensory inputs in infant, juvenile, adolescent and young adult mice. We found that spontaneous and sensory‐evoked inhibition increased during development. Physiological changes were accompanied by changes in dendritic morphology. While GABAB heteroreceptors were functionally expressed on sensory afferents already early in development, they could only be physiologically recruited by sensory‐evoked GABA release to mediate heterosynaptic inhibition from adolescence onward. Furthermore, we found GABAB‐mediated tonic inhibition of sensory inputs by ambient GABA that also emerged in adolescence. The observed increase in GABAergic drive may be a substrate for providing modulatory GABA. Our data suggest that GABAB‐mediated tonic and evoked presynaptic inhibition can suppress sensory input‐driven excitation in the LA to enable precise stimulus associations and limit generalization of conditioned fear from adolescence onward.