bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the role of hemodialysis for dabigatran-associated major bleeding?
Authors: Kim Benjamin , Garcia David A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A 70-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation who is being anticoagulated with dabigatran etexilate presents to the emergency room with melena. He reports taking his most recent dose of dabigatran more than 2 hours ago. On examination, he is hypotensive and tachycardic, and he continues to have melanotic stools. Laboratory testing reveals a calculated creatinine clearance of 15 mL/min, a prothrombin time of 16.5 seconds (reference range: 11.8-15.2 seconds), an international normalized ratio of 1.2 (reference range: 0.9-1.2), and an activated partial thromboplastin time of 50 seconds (reference range: 22.2-33.0 seconds). You are asked by the emergency medicine physician whether hemodialysis should be considered to decrease the patient's plasma dabigatran level.
Screening for and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients treated with anti-B-cell therapy
Authors: Kusumoto Shigeru , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potentially fatal complication after anti-B-cell therapy. It can develop not only in patients seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), but also in those with resolved HBV infection who are seronegative for HBsAg but seropositive for antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and/or antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs). The risk of HBV reactivation depends on the balance between replication of the virus and the immune response of the host. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody—rituximab in combination with steroid-containing chemotherapy (R-CHOP: rituximab + cyclophosphamide + hydroxydaunorubicin + vincristine + prednisone/prednisolone)—is an important risk factor for HBV reactivation in HBsAg-negative patients. More obviously, HBsAg-positive patients are considered to be at very high risk for HBV reactivation and, in the rituximab era, 59%–80% of these patients develop HBV reactivation after R-CHOP-like chemotherapy. Patients with resolved HBV infection should also be considered at high risk of HBV reactivation, the incidence of which is reported to be 9%–24% in such lymphoma patients. All patients should be screened to identify risk groups for HBV reactivation before initiating anti-B-cell therapy by measuring serum HBV markers including HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs. To prevent the development of hepatitis due to HBV reactivation after anti-B-cell therapy, antiviral prophylaxis is recommended for HBsAg-positive patients and/or patients in whom HBV DNA is detectable at baseline, whereas regular monitoring of HBV DNA-guided preemptive antiviral therapy is a reasonable and useful approach for patients with resolved HBV infection.
Biology of BM failure syndromes: role of microenvironment and niches
Authors: Balderman Sophia R. , Calvi Laura M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe BM microenvironment and its components regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSC) fate. An abnormality in the BM microenvironment and specific dysfunction of the HSC niche could play a critical role in initiation, disease progression, and response to therapy of BM failure syndromes. Therefore, the identification of changes in the HSC niche in BM failure syndromes should lead to further knowledge of the signals that disrupt the normal microenvironment. In turn, niche disruption may contribute to disease morbidity, resulting in pancytopenia and clonal evolution, and its understanding could suggest new therapeutic targets for these conditions. In this chapter, we briefly review the evidence for the importance of the BM microenvironment as a regulator of normal hematopoiesis, summarize current knowledge regarding the role of dysfunctions in the BM microenvironment in BM failure syndromes, and propose a strategy through which niche stimulation can complement current treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.
Geriatric perspective: how to assess fitness for chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Klepin Heidi D. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Characterizing “fitness” in the context of therapeutic decisions for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is challenging. Available evidence is strongest in identifying those older adults who are frail at the time of diagnosis by characterizing performance status and comorbidity burden. However, many older adults with adequate performance status and absence of major comorbidity are “vulnerable” and may experience clinical and functional decline when stressed with intensive therapies. More refined assessments are needed to differentiate between fit and vulnerable older adults regardless of chronologic age. Geriatric assessment has been shown to add information to routine oncology assessment and improve risk stratification for older adults with AML. This review highlights available evidence for assessment of “fitness” among older adults diagnosed with AML and discusses future treatment and research implications.
The role of androgens in experimental rodent mammary carcinogenesis
Authors: Choi Jaesung , Psarommatis Basil , Gao Yan Ru , Zheng Yu , Handelsman David J , Simanainen Ulla 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBreast cancer is currently the most frequent, fatal cancer of women in western countries. While estrogens have a widely understood involvement in breast cancer, a significant but not yet fully understood role for androgens has also been suggested. The principal androgen, testosterone, is the obligate steroidal precursor of estradiol, but can equally be metabolized into dihydrotestosterone, a more potent, pure androgen. Both androgens exert their distinctive biological effects via the androgen receptor, which is coexpressed with estrogen receptor alpha in 80 to 90% of breast cancers. The hormonal control of breast development and pathology has been examined experimentally through the use of animal models, notably mice and rats. This review summarizes the data from experimental rodent models on the effects of androgens in experimental breast cancer, aiming to address the importance of androgens and the androgen receptor in the origins and pathogenesis of breast cancers, as well as to discuss potential biomarker and therapeutic opportunities arising from novel insights based on the experimental research.
Preconditioning seismic data for channel detection
Authors: Al-Dossary Saleh 
Published: November 2014

Random seismic noise, present in all 3D seismic data sets, hampers manual interpretation by geoscientists and automatic analysis by a computer program. As a result, many noise-suppression techniques have been developed to enhance image quality. Accurately suppressing seismic noise without damaging image details is crucial in preserving small-scale geologic features for channel detection. The automatic detection of channel patterns theoretically should be easy because of their unique spatial signatures and scales, which differentiate them from other common 3D geobodies. For example, one notable channel characteristic has high local linearity: Spatial coherency is much greater in one direction than in other directions. A variety of techniques, such as spatial filters, can be used to enhance this “slender” channel feature in areas of high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Unfortunately, these spatial filters may also reduce the edge detectability in areas of low S/N. In this paper, I compared the effectiveness of three noise reduction filters: (1) running average, (2) redundant wavelet transform (RWT), and (3) polynomial fitting. I demonstrated the usefulness of these filters prior to edge detection to enhance channel patterns in seismic data collected from Saudi Arabia. The data examples demonstrated that RWT and polynomial fitting can successfully preserve, enhance, and delineate channel edges that were not visible in conventional seismic amplitude displays, whereas the running average filter further smeared the detectability of channel edges.
Factors Affecting Fin Damage of Farmed Rainbow Trout
Authors: Cvetkovikj Aleksandar , Radeski Miroslav , Blazhekovikj-Dimovska Dijana , Kostov Vasil , Stevanovski Vangjel 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the influence of the factors affecting fin damage under different rainbow trout production systems and to compare the findings with the known experimental reports. The study was based on a questionnaire that included information about the main factors i.e. oxygen level in exit water, water temperature, stocking density, daily feed ration, number of meals and grading frequency on seven rainbow trout farms. Standard multiple regression analysis, based on a previously published fin damage dataset, was used to assess the relationship between the level of fin damage per fin and the factors. Daily feed ration received the strongest weight in the model for the caudal, anal and both pectoral fins, whereas number of meals received the strongest weight in the model for both pelvic fins. Grading frequency received the strongest weight only in the dorsal fin model. Lower levels of daily feed ration and number of meals combined with higher water temperature increased the level of fin damage, whereas stocking density had no effect. The results conform to the experimental research on fin damage in rainbow trout. The research model contributes to the overall assessment of fish welfare and the regression analysis used in this study could be used on rainbow trout farms to evaluate the effect of the main factors on the level of fin damage.
Problems of efficient processing and use of collagen-containing materials
Authors: Koliada Maksym , Plavan Vikroriia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Collagen is an important biopolymer in numerous applications due to its special characteristics, such as biodegradability and weak antigenecity. Interest recently, has grown in fish collagen. This stems from the fact, that the use of animal collagen is unsafe due to the effects from cattle rabies disease. Furthermore, fish collagen is 96 % identical to human protein. Modern fish production is accompanied by the formation of a large number of protein-containing wastes. Depending on the degree of fish processing waste hydrolysis we obtain different products, such as feed additives or growth accelerators. Available technologies are unacceptable, because they require the consumption of large amounts of time and energy. The enzymatic method of obtaining collagen hydrolysates is the most suitable because it can be implemented under milder conditions and it prevents the destruction of amino acids, carbohydrates and other substances contained in the waste. Application of the alkaline enzymatic hydrolysis method with hydrogen peroxide pretreatment at elevated temperature provides a collagen hydrolysate, which is characterized by a high content of total nitrogen; collagen is amorphous, has fully homogeneous structure and has a balanced amino acid composition.
The Subjective Experience of Poverty
Authors: Schweiger Gottfried , Graf Gunter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhat significance should the subjective experiences of poor people have in a normative philosophical critique of poverty? In this paper, we take up this question and answer it by looking at two different normative theories: the capability approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum and the recognition approach of Axel Honneth. While Sen and Nussbaum are largely quite reluctant toward the role of subjective experiences of poor people, the recognition approach views them as central for its social critique of poverty. We will defend the thesis that a more inclusive view on the role of the subjects of suffering and injustice is needed, that such subjective experiences and the unique first-hand knowledge it produces cannot be substituted by objective criteria, while such criteria are needed to bolster – and in some cases also criticize – the poverty knowledge of poor people.
On the Possibility of Realist Dialetheism
Authors: Estrada-González Luis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRealist dialetheism is the view that there are contradictions in reality. One argument against this idea says that it is impossible because it has to make room for the possibility of a trivial reality, which is metaphysically impossible. Another argument against it says that the metaphysical structure of reality is such that it is impossible to have contradictions in it. I argue here that both arguments fail to establish the impossibility of realist dialetheism because they are based on a misconception about the notions of negation and contradiction, which leads them, in the first case, to wrongly hold that dialetheism has to be compatible with trivialism, and, in the second case, to assume that the validity of the Aristotelian principle of non-contradiction prevents the existence of dialetheias.
Use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder and granules as aggregate replacement in concrete mixtures
Authors: Bolat Hakan , Erkus Pınar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConcrete is one of the materials in which polymer wastes are utilized. Generally, these wastes are added at specific rates in scientific studies but an important problem of waste polymers is size irregularity. Even when consistent dosage rates are used, variations in polymer size can lead to variability in the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete produced. The aim of this study is to determine physical and mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing concretes. In order to produce normal and high strength concretes, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement ratios of PVC powder and granules by volume of aggregate are used. Slump, fresh and hardened densities, compressive strength, capillary water absorption, and abrasion were tested on all concrete types. As the PVC ratio increases, important changes are seen in all physical and mechanical concrete properties. The unit weights of the 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement PVC powder concretes are lower by ∼4%, 8%, and 13%, respectively, as compared to the reference mixtures, and the replacement PVC granule concretes are lower by ∼2%, 4%, and 7%. Compressive strength test results showed similar trends. As PVC replacement increases, the capillary water absorption decreases between 10% and 50%, and abrasion decreases between 27% and 77%.
Evidência de Validade de Construto do NEUPSILIN Utilizando Análise Fatorial Confirmatória
Authors: Pawlowski Josiane , Remor Eduardo , Fumagalli de Salles Jerusa , De Mattos Pimenta Parente Maria Alice , Paz Fonseca Rochele , Ruschel Bandeira Denise 
Published: November 2014

Objetivou-se apresentar evidências de validade de construto do Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN. Foram avaliados 1017 brasileiros saudáveis, 67.1% mulheres, de 12 a 90 anos de idade (M = 36.72; DP = 23.90) e de 1 a 27 anos de escolaridade (M = 8.71, DP = 4.13). Foram aplicadas as 32 tarefas do NEUPSILIN, que avaliam orientação, atenção, percepção, memória, habilidades aritméticas, linguagem, praxias e funções executivas. Modelos teóricohipotéticos, ajustados e alternativos de linguagem, memória, praxias e funções executivas foram analisados com o método de Mínimos Quadrados Generalizados do AMOS (18.0). Os modelos ajustados de linguagem e praxias, o modelo teóricohipotético de memória verbal e o modelo alternativo de funções executivas apresentaram melhores indicadores de ajuste. Os resultados apontam evidências de validade das medidas de linguagem, memória, praxias e funções executivas do NEUPSILIN.
Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its Frontostriatal Implications: a short review
Authors: Sánchez Castillo Hugo , Paz-Trejo Diana , Vazquéz Ramírez Josselyn , Zarate González Pavel , Migliaro Martin 
Published: November 2014

Throughout its evolutionary course, stress has remained as an adaptive response to stimuli that may jeopardize the integrity of an organism. Within this perspective, we can classify the stressors as psychological,physical or harmful to cardiovascular stability. However, when intense stressful events occur, there is a possibility of developing PTSD. This disorder makes use of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is commonly activated during stress and is kept activated even when the stressful stimulus has ended months ago. The consequences of this condition are observed at the neuroendocrine, neurochemical and anatomical level. This review aims to give a brief report of the neurobiology of stress, PTSD, and its implications in various structures,such as the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Breed related odds ratio and anatomic distribution of canine mast cell tumours in Austria
Authors: Freeman K. , Kirtz G. , Hooijberg E. H. , Sick K. , Leidinger E. F. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryObjective: An increased risk of mast cell tumours (MCT) in certain breeds has been described repeatedly in the literature. The incidence of MCTs for registered breeds in Austria, an estimate of the risk by means of the odds ratios based on breed as well as the anatomic localisation of MCTs were examined. Material and methods: In the first part of the study, the ranking of breeds in Austria based on 147,802 dogs with known breed (including mixed breed) was determined, based on those dogs included in the laboratory data base from 2000 to 2010. In the second part of the study, 476 dogs were identified with MCTs and analysed by age, sex, Patnaik grade of MCT and breed distribution. The odds ratios with confidence intervals were calculated for all breeds with skin tumours. Results: The age distribution showed a peak in the age group from 6.1 to 8.0 years; 70% of MCTs were localised to the head and trunk. No significant difference was found based on gender. The evaluation of the odds ratios showed that only four of the 20 of the most popular in Austria breeds (Boxer, Bernese Mountain Dog, Golden Retriever, Spaniel) had an increased risk; on the other hand, some breeds which have not been previously identified in the literature were indicated to have a significantly increased risk for MCT (e.g., Dogo Argentino, Tibetan Spaniel, Pyrenean Mountain Dog, Beauceron, and Austrian Smooth-haired Hound). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Because disease risk may influence the popularity of some currently rare breeds, consultation with breeders and owners regarding the identification of the breeds newly identified in this study as an increased risk for development of mast cell tumours is indicated.
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after subcutaneous administration of various multiple-dose regimens to water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Baroni Eduardo E. , Rubio Sonia , De Lucas José J. , Andrés María D. San , Andrés Manuel I. San 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) after multiple SC administrations and to assess differences in regimen efficacy.
Animals—18 healthy buffalo calves.
Procedures—Calves (n = 6 calves/group) were assigned to receive marbofloxacin SC in the neck at 1 of 3 dosages (2 mg/kg, q 24 h for 6 days [regimen 1]; 4 mg/kg, q 48 h for 6 days [regimen 2]; and 4 mg/kg, q 24 h for 3 days [regimen 3]). Serum marbofloxacin concentrations were analyzed. Efficacy predictors were estimated on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration and mutant prevention concentration reported for Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica.
Results—Mean ± SD area under the concentration-time curve was 5.92 ± 0.40 μg•h/mL for regimen 1, which differed significantly from that for regimens 2 (14.26 ± 0.92 μg•h/mL) and 3 (14.17 ± 0.51 μg•h/mL). Mean residence time and mean elimination half-life for regimen 2 (9.93 ± 0.20 hours and 8.77 ± 0.71 hours) both differed significantly from those for regimens 1 (721 ± 0.11 hours and 5.71 ± 0.38 hours) and 3 (759 ± 0.13 hours and 737 ± 1.19 hours). Values obtained from indices for P multocida and M haemolytica had an excessively wide range because of the various degrees of antimicrobial susceptibility (low, medium, and high) of the strains.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Regimen 3 had the most favorable indices, and it would be conducive for owner compliance and require less handling of animals.
Identification of potential biomarkers of P-glycoprotein substrate neurotoxicity in transgenic mice expressing the mutated canine ABCB1 gene
Authors: Zhu Min , Ming Yi , Swaim Heidi , Swain Marla D. , Myers Michael J. , Deaver Christine , Wu Xiaolin , Jones Yolanda L. , Yancy Haile F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Objective—To identify biomarkers of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate neurotoxicity in transgenic mice expressing the mutant canine ABCB1 gene (ABCB1-1Δ).
Animals—8 ABCB1 knock-in and knock-out transgenic mice expressing the ABCB1-1Δ gene and 8 control mice expressing the wild-type canine ABCB1 gene (ABCB1-WT).
Procedures—Groups including 2 ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice and 2 ABCB1-WT mice were administered the P-gp substrates ivermectin (10 mg/kg, SC), doramectin (10 mg/kg, SC), moxidectin (10 mg/kg, PO), or digoxin (1.53 mg/kg, SC). A toxicogenomic approach based on DNA microarrays was used to examine whole-genome expression changes in mice administered P-gp substrates.
Results—Compared with control ABCB1-WT mice, ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice developed neurotoxic signs including ataxia, lethargy, and tremors similar to those reported for dogs with the ABCB1-1Δ mutation. Microarray analysis revealed that gene expression was altered in ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice, compared with findings for ABCB1-WT mice, following administration of the same P-gp substrates. Gene pathway analysis revealed that genes with a ≥ 2-fold gene expression change were associated with behavior and nervous system development and function. Moreover, 34 genes were altered in the ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice in all 4 drug treatment groups. These genes were also associated with behavior, which was identified as the top-ranked gene network.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These study data have facilitated understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicosis in ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice following exposure to various P-gp substrates. Some genes appear to be potential biomarkers of P-gp substrate neurotoxicity that might be used to predict the safety of those drugs in dogs with the ABCB1-1Δ mutation.
The influence of addition of citric acid on the physical properties of metallic oxide nanorods via Sol-Gel route preparation
Authors: Yang Zao , Zhang Fuquan , Liu Quanhui , Gu Zhongwei , Zhang Xingdong , Wang Yunbin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
ZnO nanorods of 25 – 100 nm in diameter and 0.2 – 1 lm in length were fabricated through a citric acid assisted annealing process. The nanorods were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrophotometry, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The obtained ZnO nanorods have good crystal quality and excellent optical properties. The effects of addition of citric acid with Chirality Multi-acid Chemistry function on the optical properties of ZnO nanorods have been investigated.