bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mosaic Genetic Screen for Genes Involved in the Early Steps of Drosophila Oogenesis
Authors: Jagut Marlène , Mihaila-Bodart Ludivine , Molla-Herman Anahi , Alin Marie-Françoise , Lepesant Jean-Antoine , Huynh Jean-René 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe first hours of Drosophila embryogenesis rely exclusively on maternal information stored within the egg during oogenesis. The formation of the egg chamber is thus a crucial step for the development of the future adult. It has emerged that many key developmental decisions are made during the very first stages of oogenesis. We performed a clonal genetic screen on the left arm of chromosome 2 for mutations affecting early oogenesis. During the first round of screening, we scored for defects in egg chambers morphology as an easy read-out of early abnormalities. In a second round of screening, we analyzed the localization of centrosomes and Orb protein within the oocyte, the position of the oocyte within the egg chamber, and the progression through meiosis. We have generated a collection of 71 EMS-induced mutants that affect oocyte determination, polarization, or localization. We also recovered mutants affecting the number of germline cyst divisions or the differentiation of follicle cells. Here, we describe the analysis of nine complementation groups and eight single alleles. We mapped several mutations and identified alleles of Bicaudal-D, lethal(2) giant larvae, kuzbanian, GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase, tho2, and eiF4A. We further report the molecular identification of two alleles of the Drosophila homolog of Che-1/AATF and demonstrate its antiapoptotic activity in vivo. This collection of mutants will be useful to investigate further the early steps of Drosophila oogenesis at a genetic level.
Genetic Interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana Damaged DNA Binding Protein 1B (DDB1B) With DDB1A, DET1, and COP1
Authors: Ganpudi Ashwin L , Schroeder Dana F 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Damaged DNA Binding protein 1 (DDB1)–CULLIN4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes have been implicated in diverse biological processes in a range of organisms. Arabidopsis thaliana encodes two homologs of DDB1, DDB1A, and DDB1B. In this study we use a viable partial loss of function allele of DDB1B, ddb1b-2, to examine genetic interactions with DDB1A, DET1 and COP1. Although the ddb1b-2 ddb1a double mutant is lethal, ddb1a ddb1b-2/+ and ddb1b-2 ddb1a/+ heterozygotes exhibit few developmental phenotypes but do exhibit decreased tolerance of ultraviolet light. In addition, germination in ddb1a and ddb1a ddb1b-2/+ was found to be sensitive to salt and mannitol, and both DDB1 single mutants as well as the heterozygotes exhibited heat sensitivity. DE-ETIOLATED1 (DET1) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) are negative regulators of light development which interact with DDB1-CUL4 complexes. Although ddb1a strongly enhances det1 phenotypes in both dark- and light-grown seedlings, ddb1b-2 weakly enhanced the det1 short hypocotyl phenotype in the dark, as well as enhancing anthocyanin levels and suppressing the det1 low chlorophyll phenotype in light-grown seedlings. In adults, ddb1a suppresses det1 early flowering and enhances the det1 dwarf phenotype. A similar trend was observed in ddb1b-2 det1 double mutants, although the effects were smaller in magnitude. In cop1 mutants, ddb1b-2 enhanced the cop1-4 short hypocotyl phenotype in dark and light, enhanced anthocyanin levels in cop1-1 in the light, but had no effect in adults. Thus the requirement for DDB1B varies in the course of development, from COP1-specific effects in hypocotyls to DET1-specific in adults.
The Genetic Architecture of Degenerin/Epithelial Sodium Channels inDrosophila
Authors: Zelle Kathleen M , Lu Beika , Pyfrom Sarah C , Ben-Shahar Yehuda 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDegenerin/epithelial sodium channels (DEG/ENaC) represent a large family of animal-specific membrane proteins. Although the physiological functions of most family members are not known, some have been shown to act as nonvoltage gated, amiloride-sensitive sodium channels. The DEG/ENaC family is exceptionally large in genomes of Drosophila species relative to vertebrates and other insects. To elucidate the evolutionary history of the DEG/ENaC family in Drosophila, we took advantage of the genomic and genetic information available for 12 Drosophila species that represent all the major species groups in the Drosophila clade. We have identified 31 family members (termed pickpocket genes) in Drosophila melanogaster, which can be divided into six subfamilies, which are represented in all 12 species. Structure prediction analyses suggested that some subunits evolved unique structural features in the large extracellular domain, possibly supporting mechanosensory functions. This finding is further supported by experimental data that show that both ppk1 and ppk26 are expressed in multidendritic neurons, which can sense mechanical nociceptive stimuli in larvae. We also identified representative genes from five of the six DEG/ENaC subfamilies in a mosquito genome, suggesting that the core DEG/ENaC subfamilies were already present early in the dipteran radiation. Spatial and temporal analyses of expression patterns of the various pickpocket genes indicated that paralogous genes often show very different expression patterns, possibly indicating that gene duplication events have led to new physiological or cellular functions rather than redundancy. In summary, our analyses support a rapid early diversification of the DEG/ENaC family in Diptera followed by physiological and/or cellular specialization. Some members of the family may have diversified to support the physiological functions of a yet unknown class of ligands.
Actin Dosage Lethality Screening in Yeast Mediated by Selective Ploidy Ablation Reveals Links to Urmylation/Wobble Codon Recognition and Chromosome Stability
Authors: Haarer Brian , Mi-Mi Lei , Cho Jessica , Cortese Matthew , Viggiano Susan , Burke Daniel , Amberg David 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton exists in a dynamic equilibrium with monomeric and filamentous states of its subunit protein actin. The spatial and temporal regulation of actin dynamics is critical to the many functions of actin. Actin levels are remarkably constant, suggesting that cells have evolved to function within a narrow range of actin concentrations. Here we report the results of screens in which we have increased actin levels in strains deleted for the ~4800 nonessential yeast genes using a technical advance called selective ploidy ablation. We detected 83 synthetic dosage interactions with actin, 78 resulted in reduced growth, whereas in 5 cases overexpression of actin suppressed the growth defects caused by the deleted genes. The genes were highly enriched in several classes, including transfer RNA wobble uridine modification, chromosome stability and segregation, cell growth, and cell division. We show that actin overexpression sequesters a limited pool of eEF1A, a bifunctional protein involved in aminoacyl-transfer RNA recruitment to the ribosome and actin filament cross-linking. Surprisingly, the largest class of genes is involved in chromosome stability and segregation. We show that actin mutants have chromosome segregation defects, suggesting a possible role in chromosome structure and function. Monomeric actin is a core component of the INO80 and SWR chromatin remodeling complexes and the NuA4 histone modification complex, and our results suggest these complexes may be sensitive to actin stoichiometry. We propose that the resulting effects on chromatin structure can lead to synergistic effects on chromosome stability in strains lacking genes important for chromosome maintenance.
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of Glucocorticosteroids
Authors: Becker Daniel E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Glucocorticosteroids are a product of the adrenal cortex and perform a staggering number of physiological effects essential for life. Their clinical use is largely predicated on their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, but they also have notable efficacy in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting. This article reviews the basic functions of glucocorticoids and their clinical use in dental practice.
Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration for Massive Rhabdomyolysis After Malignant Hyperthermia: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Fang Shudong , Xu Hui , Zhu Yesen , Jiang Hong 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We present 2 cases of fulminant malignant hyperthermia (MH), complicated with massive rhabdomyolysis. The patients were successfully treated in the intensive care unit of our university teaching hospital, despite the lack of availability of dantrolene in our country, by early application of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). Both male patients developed fulminant malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia for oromaxillofacial surgery. CVVH was employed when the values of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), myoglobin (Mb), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly. After emergency treatment and CVVH therapy, the values of CPK, Mb, and LDH in the blood plasma of the patients decreased significantly. The complications, including acute renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome were also treated without any obvious organ damage. Early detection and management are the keys to treat MH successfully. CVVH is a valuable therapeutic application in the initial/critical management of severe rhabdomyolysis. If these complications occur even with initial treatment with dantrolene, our experiences may be useful adjunctive treatments to consider.
Anesthetic Efficacy of a Combination of 0.5 M Mannitol Plus 127.2 mg of Lidocaine With 50 μg Epinephrine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks: A Prospective Randomized, Single-Blind Study
Authors: Smith Steven , Reader Al , Drum Melissa , Nusstein John , Beck Mike 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine compared to 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol in inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks. Forty subjects randomly received 2 IAN blocks consisting of a 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine and a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine (3.18 mL) plus 0.5 M mannitol (1.82 mL) in 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. Mandibular anterior and posterior teeth were blindly electric pulp tested at 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes postinjection. Pain of solution deposition and postoperative pain were also measured. No response from the subject to the maximum output (80 reading) of the pulp tester was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Total percent pulpal anesthesia was defined as the total of all the times of pulpal anesthesia (80 readings) over the 60 minutes. One hundred percent of the subjects had profound lip numbness with both inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The results demonstrated that a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol was significantly better than the 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine for all teeth. Solution deposition pain and postoperative pain were not statistically different between the lidocaine/mannitol formulation and the lidocaine formulation without mannitol. We concluded that adding 0.5 M mannitol to a lidocaine with epinephrine formulation was significantly more effective in achieving a greater percentage of total pulpal anesthesia than a lidocaine formulation without mannitol.
Effect of Massage on the Efficacy of the Mental and Incisive Nerve Block
Authors: Jaber A. , Whitworth J. M. , Corbett I. P. , Al-Baqshi B. , Jauhar S. , Meechan J. G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this trial was to assess the effect of soft tissue massage on the efficacy of the mental and incisive nerve block (MINB). Thirty-eight volunteers received MINB of 2.2 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 80,000 epinephrine on 2 occasions. At one visit the soft tissue overlying the injection site was massaged for 60 seconds (active treatment). At the other visit the crowns of the mandibular premolar teeth were massaged (control treatment). Order of treatments was randomized. An electronic pulp tester was used to measure pulpal anesthesia in the ipsilateral mandibular first molar, a premolar, and lateral incisor teeth up to 45 minutes following the injection. The efficacy of pulp anesthesia was determined by 2 methods: (a) by quantifying the number of episodes with no response to maximal electronic pulp stimulation after each treatment, and (b) by quantifying the number of volunteers with no response to maximal pulp stimulation (80 reading) on 2 or more consecutive tests, termed anesthetic success. Data were analyzed by McNemar, Mann-Whitney, and paired-samples t tests. Anesthetic success was 52.6% for active and 42.1% for control treatment for lateral incisors, 89.5 and 86.8% respectively for premolars, and 50.0 and 42.1% respectively for first molars (P = .344, 1.0, and .508 respectively). There were no significant differences in the number of episodes of negative response to maximum pulp tester stimulation between active and control massage. A total of 131 episodes were recorded after both active and control massage in lateral incisors (McNemar test, P = 1.0), 329 (active) versus 316 (control) episodes in the premolars (McNemar test, P = .344), and 119 (active) versus 109 (control) episodes respectively for first molars (McNemar test, P = .444). Speed of anesthetic onset and discomfort did not differ between treatments. We concluded that soft tissue massage after MINB does not influence anesthetic efficacy.
Irrigation Rate and Fungicide Effects on Peanut Kernel Damage, Yield, and Net Return
Authors: Wheeler T. A. , Choppakatla V. , Porter D. O. , Schuster G. L. , Mullinix B. G. , Schubert A. M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Field studies from 2002 through 2004 examined effects of irrigation rate and fungicide on peanut kernel damage, yield and net return in Gaines County, TX. Irrigation rates, the main plots of a split-plot design, were applied with a center pivot system planted in concentric circles, and represented a base irrigation rate (B)(ca. 75% of evapotranspiration), B + 33%, and B − 33%. Azoxystrobin or metalaxyl were applied to the subplots at 60 and 90 days after planting and there was a no-fungicide control. Irrigation rate had no effect on percent damaged kernels from harvested pods. Plots with B + 33% irrigation rate had higher pod yields (P &lt; 0.05) than B or B − 33% irrigation rates in 2002 and 2003, but had similar yields to the B rate in 2004, a relatively wet growing season. Irrigation rate did not result in an overall difference in net return in any year. Plots treated with azoxystrobin had higher peanut grades and lower percent damaged kernels in all 3 yr than no-fungicide and metalaxyl treated plots. Azoxystrobin treated plots had higher yield and net return than metalaxyl treated and no-fungicide treated plots in 2 of 3 yr. Rhizoctonia spp. was the primary fungal pathogen isolated from peanut pods. Use of azoxystrobin resulted in an average net return of $170/ha. Azoxystrobin effects on yield were additive to water status across the entire spectrum of irrigation rates during the combined three years. Peanut producers from this region who want to maximize yield by increasing irrigation rate should use azoxystrobin if there is any history of Rhizoctonia pod rot.
Effect of Container Size, Inoculum Density, and Test Duration on Detecting Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot of Peanut
Authors: Wilson J. N. , Wheeler T. A. , Black M. C. , Burow M. D. , Mullinix B. G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), caused by the fungal pathogen Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield, and Alfenas, is an important peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) disease in the Virginia-Carolina and Southeastern U.S. production regions and was first confirmed in Texas in 2004. We refined a screening technique and compared disease assessment methods for CBR using peanut germplasm with known resistance levels. Resistant genotype ‘NC 3033’ and susceptible ‘NC 7’ were compared in a growth chamber using 66 and 164 cm3 container sizes, 15 and 25 microsclerotia/g soil inoculum densities, and 4, 5, and 6 week durations. Root rot ratings (0 to 5 index), percent taproot necrosis and percent secondary root necrosis were estimated. Taproot necrosis was the most reliable method for differentiating between the resistant and susceptible genotype, followed by root rot ratings. The use of secondary root necrosis ratings was less consistent for detecting differences than taproot ratings. Large containers (164 cm3) inoculated at the 25 microsclerotia/g soil density was the most reliable combination for attaining significant genotype differences for taproot necrosis and root rot ratings. The 5 week duration provided the most consistent results for taproot necrosis, while 6 weeks was the most reliable duration for root rot ratings. Percent taproot necrosis is a valid, more objective alternative to root rot index ratings.
Influence of Selected Fungicides on Efficacy of Clethodim and 2,4-DB
Authors: Chahal Gurinderbir S. , Jordan David L. , Shew Barbara B. , Brandenburg Rick L. , Burton James D. , Danehower David , Eure Peter M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A range of fungicides and herbicides can be applied to control pests and optimize peanut yield. Experiments were conducted in North Carolina to define biological and physicochemical interactions when clethodim and 2,4-DB were applied alone or with selected fungicides. Pyraclostrobin consistently reduced large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control by clethodim. Chlorothalonil and tebuconazole plus trifloxystrobin reduced large crabgrass control by clethodim in two of four experiments while prothioconazole plus tebuconazole and flutriafol did not affect control. Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats] control by 2,4-DB was not affected by these fungicides. Although differences in spray solution pH were noted among mixtures of clethodim plus crop oil concentrate or 2,4-DB and fungicides, the range of pH was 4.40 to 4.92 and 6.72 to 7.20, respectively, across sampling times of 0, 6, 24, and 72 h after solution preparation. Permanent precipitates were formed when clethodim, crop oil concentrate, and chlorothalonil were co-applied at each sampling interval. Permanent precipitates were not observed when clethodim and crop oil concentrate were included with other fungicides or when 2,4-DB was mixed with fungicides. Significant positive correlations were noted for Palmer amaranth control by 2,4-DB and solution pH but not for clethodim and solution pH.
Survey of Soil Arthropod Pests and Assessment of Yield Loss in Peanut in Northern Ghana
Authors: Abudulai M. , Dzomeku I. K. , Opare-Atakora D. , Nutsugah S. K. , Salifu A. B. , Brandenburg R. L. , Jordan D. L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Soil arthropod pests are important constraints to peanut production in Ghana. Surveys of peanut fields were conducted from 2003–2005 to identify and estimate densities of key soil arthropod pests, and also to quantify their damage to peanut in the three regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West) of northern Ghana. The main soil pests were termites (Isoptera: Termitidae), millipedes (Myriapoda: Odontopygidae), white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Across regions, termites and millipedes were the most abundant while wireworms were the least recorded. Significantly higher pest densities and pod damage by scarification and penetration were generally recorded in the Northern Region than in the Upper East and Upper West Regions. A checklist administered to farmers during the survey showed that no control practices were carried out for the pests though farmers generally were aware of the damaging effects of these pests on peanut. Field studies also were conducted at Nyankpala and Bagurugu in the Northern Region during 2005 and 2006 to determine the effects of insecticide (chlorpyrifos or carbofuran) applications to peanut at planting, pegging or at both planting and pegging on control of soil arthropod pests and on yield. Results showed that the insecticides used were similar in their efficacy against the pests. Generally, insecticide treatment lowered pest densities and pod damage resulting in increased yield over the untreated control. Yield losses in untreated plots ranged between 23 and 39%. Treatment at planting or pegging did not differ in the level of control compared with treatment at both planting and pegging. Yield was negatively correlated with pest densities and pod damage. These findings are discussed in the context of control of soil pests of peanut in Ghana.
Nuklearmedizin im Dschungel der Vorschriften
Authors: Meyer G. J. 
Published: March 2013

ZusammenfassungDie Nuklearmedizin wird in zunehmendem Maße von administrativen Regularien betroffen. Neben den strahlenschutzrechtlichen Auflagen und Überwachungsmaßnahmen sind dies immer aufwändigere Auflagen und Maßnahmen zur Überwachung und Kontrolle der Herstellung von Radiopharmaka. Diese resultieren aus immer weiter greifenden Vorschriften zur Arzneimittelsicherheit. Dieser Beitrag versucht, die zum Teil sehr verflochtenen Zuständigkeiten der regulatorisch wirkenden Behörden und Institutionen zu beschreiben.
Le retrait résidentiel
Authors: Loudier-Malgouyres Céline 
Published: March 2013

La vogue des résidences fermées correspond à des impératifs économiques, mais également à des choix résidentiels. Les habitants de ces ensembles veulent bénéficier de la protection de l’individuel par le collectif, sans pour autant ressentir l’étouffement de la ville ni la pression du village ; ils veulent pouvoir délimiter leur propre territoire, et s’y sentir tranquilles.
Émiettement et exclusivisme social
Authors: Mongin Olivier 
Published: March 2013

Comme l’a montré Éric Charmes dans la Ville émiettée. Essai sur la clubbisation de la vie urbaine , la périurbanisation opère moins un étalement qu’un émiettement paysager, social et politique de la ville. On crée des « clubs », qui ne sont pas seulement fondés sur le désir d’être « en sécurité » et cherchent une troisième voie entre le village et la grande ville... mais les néo-urbains souhaitent tout de même profiter des services de la métropole.
Peut-on encore vivre en ville ?
Authors: Jaillet Marie-Christine 
Published: March 2013

Le mode de vie périurbain fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques, alors même que les politiques visant à le « combattre » ont échoué. Il vaudrait donc mieux organiser l’espace périurbain, sans le dévaloriser, pour repenser la ville avec ses habitants, et non contre eux. À Toulouse, par exemple, c’est le dynamisme de la métropole qui crée l’étalement urbain, qui n’est donc pas forcément négatif, mais qu’il faut aménager, en lien avec la ville centre.
La banlieue, mythe politique français
Authors: Bevort Hugo , Rousseau Aurélien 
Published: March 2013

La banlieue occupe une place originale dans l’imaginaire politique français. Au-delà d’un retour sur les difficultés à sortir de la représentation « ville-banlieue » dans les projets métropolitains, le mythe de la banlieue entrave la capacité à déployer un discours cohérent sur la question urbaine.
La banlieue, rêve américain ou espace en voie de disparition ?
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia 
Published: March 2013

Aux États-Unis, la majorité des habitants vivent en banlieue, les suburbs , qui ne sont cependant pas hors de la ville ou tributaires d’elle, mais développent leurs propres formes de centralité et se diversifient sur le plan ethnique. On voit aussi émerger, au sein même du périurbain, des « lieux d’urbanité », des espaces piétons, qui dessinent une crise du mode de vie suburbain, mais aussi un effacement croissant de la distinction ville/banlieue/périurbain, qui semble en France si exacerbée.