bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of KMnO4 concentration and treatment time on PAN precursor and the resulting carbon nanofibers’ properties
Authors: Zargham Shamim , Bazgir Saeed , Katbab Ali Asghar , Rashidi Abosaeed 
Published: September 2014

AbstractElectrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were impregnated with KMnO4 under varying conditions of concentration and time. The morphological structures, chemical and thermal properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The original and preoxidized samples were stabilized and carbonized for characterization with SEM and FTIR. The coloration, weight gain and solubility in N,N-dimethylformamide were also evaluated. A clear peak at 2340 cm-1 corresponding to MnO4–C=N conjugation, together with a wide peak at 1650 cm-1, was revealed in the FTIR spectrum of the preoxidized samples. Based on the DSC results, the cyclization reactions in the preoxidized samples were accelerated by initiating the exothermic reaction at lower temperatures. The modified samples had higher reaction times and ΔH values, broad exotherms, lower initial induction time and lower Ti values than the untreated ones.
Recombinant HDL (Milano) protects endotoxin-challenged rats from multiple organ injury and dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Xinbo , Wang Luya , Chen Baosheng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Endotoxemia, the systemic inflammatory host response to infection, leads to severe septic shock and multiple organ injury and dysfunction syndrome (MOPS), which cause mortality. Apolipoprotein A-IMilano (apoAIM), a naturally occurring cysteine mutant of apoAI with dimers as its effective form, showed an enhanced cardiovascular protective activity compared with wild-type apoAI (apoAIwt). To investigate the role of recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) reconstituted with apoAIM (rHDLM) on endotoxemia and MOPS, we examined the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and protective effects of this cysteine mutant against organ injury in endotoxin-challenged rat models compared with rHDLwt. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that pretreatment with rHDLM significantly attenuated liver and renal dysfunction and histopathological features of lung injury in endotoxin-challenged endotoxemia rats. Administration of rHDLM to endotoxemia rats dramatically suppressed proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecule increase in tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. In addition, rHDLM pretreatment inhibited lipid peroxidation and enhanced total antioxidant capacity in vivo. In comparison with rHDLwt, rHDLM showed enhanced capacity on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant functions. In summary, administration of rHDLM protected endotoxin-challenged endotoxemia and MOPS through enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties.
Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with neodymium chloride tripentanolate/triisobutylaluminum binary catalyst system: effect of aging time and reaction temperature
Authors: Enríquez-Medrano Francisco Javier , López Luis Alexandro Valencia , de Santiago-Rodríguez Yair Agustín , Corral Florentino Soriano , Caballero Hened Saade , Quintanilla María L. López , de León-Gómez Ramón Díaz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
1,3-Butadiene monomer was polymerized at 40°C and 60°C by means of a catalyst comprising neodymium (Nd) chloride/1-pentanolate/triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) in cyclohexane as solvent; the catalyst system was aged at 5 and 30 min. The effects on conversion, catalytic activity and polymer final properties were evaluated. The obtained polybutadienes (PBs) were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques and the results were discussed in terms of the effect of aging time and reaction temperature.
Ultraviolet or atomic irradiation effect on the polyimide composite lubricating coating
Authors: Zhao Gai , Ding Qingjun , Wang Qihua , Peng Hanmin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The molybdenum sulfide/lanthanum fluoride/polyimide (MoS2/LaF3/PI) coating was synthesized and irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) or atomic oxygen (AO). The friction and wear behavior were evaluated sliding against GCr15 steel balls (ASTM A295:1998) using a ball-on-disk tribology test rig. This paper aims to discuss these issues. The chemical structure of the irradiated surface was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The worn morphologies of the coatings and counterpart were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal the wear mechanism. Experimental results indicated that the height and position of the characteristic functional groups and the coefficient of friction of the PI coating changed and the wear rate value decreased after UV or AO irradiation. The effect of LaF3 combined with MoS2 on the tribological properties of the coating and wear mechanism under different irradiated conditions is discussed.
Effect of chemical modification on slip resistance and mechanical properties of rubber
Authors: Mohan Ranganathan , Sundaresan Raja , Das Bhabendra Nath 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Shoe sole material, design, tread pattern and surface modifications influence slip resistance while walking and running. Thermoplastic styrene-butadine-styrene rubber, commercially known as TPR, is one of the materials widely used as shoe soles. This type of sole is subjected to chemical treatment known as halogenation to increase adhesion characteristic with the upper. The coefficient of friction (COF) is the ratio between the horizontal force and the vertical force when tested with the help of slip resistance test equipment SATRA STM 603. It is also known that footwear outsole surface modification affects COF at the footwear floor interfaces. In this study, plain TPR shoe sole samples were surface modified by treating with 2.0 wt% trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCI) in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The effect of surface modifications was studied by water contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface roughness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface modified sole samples were also tested for other mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasion resistance to find out the extent of changes in those essential functional properties. It was observed that surface modification of TPR sole increased COF and reduced strength, elasticity and abrasion resistance properties. However, there was no significant change in hardness.
Burqa and the human umwelt
Authors: Khan Amarah Niazi , Staiano-Ross Kathryn 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe all construct models of the world by which we make sense of the phenomena we encounter. But rarely is the model of the women who wear the burqa considered. We hold that the world must be perceived through the body of the other before meaning can be assessed. We argue that the burqa is not an object, but a set of human relationships. It has no singular interpretant by which it can be understood. It is a highly nuanced semiosic phenomenon that we believe can best be understood by placing the burqa within a specific human umwelt.
From the Editor
Authors: Xu Tim 
Published: September 2014

Welcome to the eighth volume of VURJ, a showcase of some of the best undergraduate research conducted at Vanderbilt University. Since 2005, VURJ has featured over 100 articles in the sciences, humanities, social sciences.

This year, we received 57 submissions originating from all four undergraduate schools at Vanderbilt for an overall acceptance rate of 30%. Manuscripts were read by two to three trained peer reviewers, ranked numerically, and selected for publication by our team of associate editors. Articles in the 2012 volume explore topics ranging from the use of rhythm in Brahms' music to hidden messages in Alexandrian tombs and the future of limb regeneration.

I am pleased to announce this year that VURJ will soon be indexed with EBSCO Publishing, a testament to our excellence as a premier forum for academic discourse. I encourage you to contribute your own ideas to the upcoming 2013 volume and consider joining our editorial staff in Fall 2012.

We bid you happy reading!

Tim Xu
Editor, 2011-2012
Characterizing Acquired Resistance to TKIs in EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Sun Jing 
Published: September 2014

Traditional treatments for non-small cell lung adenocarcinomas do produce impressive improvements in patient health. Newly developed biologically based treatments exploit the drug-sensitivity conferred by mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In adenocarcinomas, cell proliferation and survival depend on mutant EGFR activity. For patients with certain EGFR mutations, treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) rather than chemotherapy improves patient survival. However, almost every patient acquires resistance to TKI treatment. About 50% of acquired resistance is because of a secondary mutation in EGFR. MET gene amplification, which allows cells to use MET to activate downstream signals, is another established mechanism. A third known mechanism is epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).
About 30% of all resistance mechanisms still remain unknown. This semester, the HCC2279 EGFR-mutant human adenocarcinoma line was characterized in hopes of discovering new models of resistance. Growth inhibition assays and immunoblotting were used to analyze the effects of treatments and to examine the status of signaling molecules. The HCC2279 resistant line appeared to have an EGFR-independent mechanism and did not seem to use MET as a major mechanism of resistance. The resistant cells continued to grow in the presence of TKI and TKI plus MET inhibitor, and immunoblotting showed that TKIs were capable of completely inhibiting the activation and phosphorylation of EGFR and MET. Signs of EMT were detected via immunoblotting due to a loss of E-cadherin and gain of vimentin, and EMT was corroborated by histological changes such as a loss in resistant cell polarity.
Spontaneous Rupture of Urinary Bladder (SRUB) in a Young Male, Presenting as Anuria – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Hariharasudhan Sekar , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Shroff Sunil 
Published: September 2014

Spontaneous rupture of urinary bladder is a rare condition. Most of the bladder ruptures occur in association with blunt or penetrating injuries to the lower abdomen. Most often, a vague lower abdominal pain is the mode of presentation. Rarely patients present with oliguria, anuria, uremia or urosepsis.
A forty year old male, under the influence of alcohol, presented with lower abdominal pain and anuria for two days with abnormal renal function. He denied history of blunt trauma. He was diagnosed to have an intra-peritoneal rupture of urinary bladder. He underwent emergency laparotomy with repair of bladder rupture.
This case report illustrates the need for a high index of clinical suspicion. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management will help in preventing a poor clinical outcome in patients with spontaneous bladder perforation. If left untreated or if there is a considerable delay in diagnosis and intervention, it usually is associated with a high morbidity.
Estimation and Calculation Procedures of the Technical Provisions for Outstanding Insurance Claims
Authors: Matvejevs Aleksandrs , Malyarenko Anatoliy , Matvejevs Andrejs 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper presents algorithms for insurance technical provisions taking into account losses, which are incurred but not reported. Evaluation of insurance technical provisions for the kinds of insurance, such as Motor Third Party Liability (MTPL) Insurance, Property Insurance and some others, have difficulties in assessing the impact of the losses from insurance claims incurred requiring a longer time for the settlement of insurance claims. These insurance requirements are mainly associated with health insurance in the MTPL Insurance, losses related to compensation for moral injuries, as well as on life care and life-long pension. To run these payments, you need to know the financial indicators for the period of settlement of loss (such as the effective interest rate, investment income, etc.) In the article the procedures for the most accurate forecast possible losses for the expected excess of loss amount for a treaty year are provided, using the loss experience of the previous years of the occurrence with their development. However, certain adjustments should be made to take account of the impact of losses from previous years for the current period. This article describes how outstanding losses have to be projected on a year of reporting, so that they are correspond to the current values
Intellectual Model-Based Configuration Management Conception
Authors: Bartusevics Arturs , Novickis Leonids , Bluemel Eberhard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Software configuration management is one of the most important disciplines within the software development project, which helps control the software evolution process and allows including into the end project only tested and validated changes. To achieve this, software management completes certain tasks. Concrete tools are used for technical implementation of tasks, such as version control systems, servers of continuous integration, compilers, etc. A correct configuration management process usually requires several tools, which mutually exchange information by generating various kinds of transfers. When it comes to introducing the configuration management process, often there are situations when tool installation is started, yet at that given moment there is no general picture of the total process. The article offers a model-based configuration management concept, which foresees the development of an abstract model for the configuration management process that later is transformed to lower abstraction level models and tools are indicated to support the technical process. A solution of this kind allows a more rational introduction and configuration of tools
Security Process Capability Model Based on ISO/IEC 15504 Conformant Enterprise SPICE
Authors: Mitasiunas Antanas , Novickis Leonids , Kalpokas Rimas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the context of modern information systems, security has become one of the most critical quality attributes. The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of quality of information security. An approach to solve this problem is based on the main assumption that security is a process oriented activity. According to this approach, product quality can be achieved by means of process quality - process capability. Introduced in the paper, SPICE conformant information security process capability model is based on process capability modeling elaborated by world-wide software engineering community during the last 25 years, namely ISO/IEC 15504 that defines the capability dimension and the requirements for process definition and domain independent integrated model for enterprise-wide assessment and Enterprise SPICE improvement
Towards an American Model of Criminal Process: The Reform of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure
Authors: Roclawska Monika , Bulat Adam 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In September 2013, the Polish Parliament passed an amendment to the Code of Criminal Procedure. The legislators decided to expand a number of adversarial elements present in current Polish criminal proceedings. When these changes come into effect (July 1, 2015), Polish criminal procedure will be similar to American regulations, in which the judge’s role is to be an impartial arbitrator, not an investigator.
The authors of the article describe the meaning of the principle of adversarial trial in Poland. They also emphasized relations between this principle and the concept of “material truth”. The changes established by the amendment are shown in perspective of the American definition of adversarial trial. The authors analyze the reform and attempt to predict the problems with new regulations in practice.
Unique Common Fixed Point Theorems for Pairs of Hybrid Maps under a New Condition in Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: Rao K. P. R. , Rao K. R. K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new condition namely, ‘condition (W.C.C)’ and obtain two unique common fixed point theorems for pairs of hybrid mappings on a partial Hausdorff metric space without using any continuity and commutativity of the mappings.
Generalized Sasakian-Space-Forms with Projective Curvature Tensor
Authors: Sarkar A. , Akbar Ali 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The object of the present paper is to study Ф-projectively flat generalized Sasakian-space-forms, projectively locally symmetric generalized Sasakian-space-forms and projectively locally Ф-symmetric generalized Sasakian-space-forms. All the obtained results are in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions. Interesting relations between projective curvature tensor and conformal curvature tensor of a generalized Sasakian-spaceform of dimension greater than three have been established. Some of these properties are also analyzed in the light of quarter-symmetric metric connection, in addition with the Levi-Civita connection. Obtained results are supported by illustrative examples.
Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) with use of Deryng and Clevenger apparatus
Authors: Wesołowska Aneta , Grzeszczuk Monika , Jadczak Dorota 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of the studies conducted in 2012-2013 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed that carvacrol (42.81-45.24%), γ-terpinene (7.68-9.04%), β-caryophyllene (5.28-9.10%), β-bisabolene (5.76-6.91%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.92-6.09%) were the major components of all the samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the main essential oil constituents of wild thyme. However, based on the means for both years of the study it was proved that hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus was more effective for carvacrol concentration, while in Clevenger apparatus - for y-terpinene and carvacrol methyl ether concentration. The type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the other essential oil constituents.
Biological activities of Allium sativum essential oil against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Chaubey Mukesh Kumar 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Essential oil from Allium sativum was isolated and investigated for its repellent, insecticidal, ovipositional and egg hatching inhibition activities against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). A. sativum essential oil repelled bruchid adults at a very low concentration in choice oviposition assay. A. sativum essential oil caused both fumigant and contact toxicity in C. chinensis adults in a concentration dependent manner. Oviposition potency of C. chinensis adults was reduced significantly when sublethal concentrations of A. sativum essential oil were applied by fumigation and contact method. In chronic toxic-ity assay, A. sativum essential oil reduced F1 progeny emergence, damage and weight loss in seeds. Findings of the present study suggest that A. sativum essential oil can be useful as promising agent in insect pest management programme.
Item Nonresponse in Face-to-Face Interviews with Children
Authors: Haunberger Sigrid 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study examined item nonresponse and its respondent and interviewer correlates by means of a population-based, panel survey of children aged 8 to 11 who were surveyed using standardised, face-to-face interviews. Using multilevel, logistic analyses with cross-level interactions, this article aims to examine which effects of item nonresponse are subject to children as respondents or to the interviewers and the interview setting. Depending on the type of question, we found different effects for respondent and interviewer variables, as well as interaction effects between child age/interviewer age as well as child gender/interviewer gender. However, interviewer variance is for the most part not significant.
Optimizing Opt-Out Consent for Record Linkage
Authors: Das Marcel , Couper Mick P. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article reports on a study testing the effects of different ways of administering an opt-out consent for record linkage in a probability-based Internet panel. First, we conducted cognitive interviews to explore reactions to a draft version of the opt-out consent text. Second, we conducted a two-factor experiment to test the effects of content manipulations and mode. The results indicate that the way in which respondents were informed did not have much effect on opting out. Results from a follow-up survey on attitudes regarding privacy, confidentiality, and trust, along with knowledge questions about the process of linking, showed no evidence that presenting the opt-out consent statement makes respondents more concerned about privacy. Knowledge about the aspects of record linkage is generally not high. When looking at long-term effects of sending an opt-out consent statement, we found no evidence that this leads to higher attrition or lower participation rates.
Access to Sensitive Data: Satisfying Objectives Rather than Constraints
Authors: Ritchie Felix 
Published: September 2014

The argument for access to sensitive unit-level data produced within government is usually framed in terms of risk and the legal responsibility to maintain confidentiality. This article argues that the framing of the question may restrict the set of possibilities; a more effective perspective starts from the data owner’s principles and user needs. Within this principlesbased framework, the role of law changes: It becomes an ‘enabling technology’, helping to define the solution but playing no role in setting the objectives.
This shift in perspective has a number of consequences. The perception of ‘costs’ and ‘benefits’ is reversed. Law and established practice are distinguished and appropriately placed within a cost-benefit framework. The subjectivity and uncertainty in risk assessments is made explicit. Overall, all other things being equal, the expectation is that a move towards objective-based planning increases data access and improves risk assessment.
This alternative perspective also addresses the problem of the public-good nature of research outputs. It encourages the data owner to engage with users and build a case for data access taking account of the wider needs of society.
The UK data access regime is used as the primary example of the arguments in this article