bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative validity and reliability of an FFQ in youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Liese Angela D , Crandell Jamie L , Tooze Janet A , Fangman Mary T , Couch Sarah C , Merchant Anwar T , Bell Ronny A , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relative validity and reliability of the SEARCH FFQ that was modified from the Block Kids Questionnaire.DesignStudy participants completed the eighty-five-item FFQ twice plus three 24 h dietary recalls within one month. We estimated correlations between frequencies obtained from participants with the true usual intake for food groups and nutrients, using a two-part model for episodically consumed foods and measurement error adjustment.SettingThe multi-centre SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Nutrition Ancillary Study.SubjectsA subgroup of 172 participants aged 10–24 years with type 1 diabetes.ResultsThe mean correlations, adjusted for measurement error, of food groups and nutrients between the FFQ and true usual intake were 0·41 and 0·38, respectively, with 57 % of food groups and 70 % of nutrients exhibiting correlations >0·35. Correlations were high for low-fat dairy (0·80), sugar-sweetened beverages (0·54), cholesterol (0·59) and saturated fat (0·51), while correlations were poor for high-fibre bread and cereal (0·16) and folate (0·11). Reliability of FFQ intake based on two FFQ administrations was also reasonable, with 54 % of Pearson correlation coefficients ≥0·5. Reliability was high for low-fat dairy (0·7), vegetables (0·6), carbohydrates, fibre, folate and vitamin C (all 0·5), but less than desirable for low-fat poultry and high-fibre bread, cereal, rice and pasta (0·2–0·3).ConclusionsWhile there is some room for improvement, our findings suggest that the SEARCH FFQ performs quite well for the assessment of many nutrients and food groups in a sample of youth with type 1 diabetes.
Relative validity of an FFQ for pre-school children in the mother–child ‘Rhea’ birth cohort in Crete, Greece
Authors: Leventakou Vasiliki , Georgiou Vaggelis , Chatzi Leda , Sarri Katerina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relative validity of an FFQ based on parental report for pre-school children in the mother–child ‘Rhea’ birth cohort.DesignThe children’s mothers completed an FFQ that referred to the children’s dietary intake for the previous year by telephone interview. Mothers completed also three food records, two on weekdays and one on a weekend day. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the energy-adjusted values. Weighted kappa statistics (κw) and the Bland–Altman technique were used to test the degree of agreement between the two dietary methods.SettingHeraklion, Crete, Greece, 2011–2012.SubjectsA total of ninety-nine mothers (corresponding to fifty-one boys and forty-eight girls) participated in the validation study.ResultsThe mean and median values of all food group and nutrient intakes did not differ significantly between the two dietary methods. Overall, fair agreement was observed between the FFQ and the food records for ranking participants based on their intake, withκwranging from 0·21 to 0·40 for most foods and nutrients. On average, 88 % of participants were classified into the same or adjacent tertiles for nutrient and food group intakes by both dietary methods. The degree of agreement was also confirmed by the visual examination of the Bland–Altman plots.ConclusionsThe study indicates that the Rhea 4 years FFQ is a relatively accurate tool for assessing habitual food group and nutrient intakes among pre-school children in Crete, Greece.
Loewy series of parabolically induced -Verma modules
Authors: Noriyuki Abe , Masaharu Kaneda 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe show that the modules for the Frobenius kernel of a reductive algebraic group over
an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic $p$ induced from the $p$-regular blocks of its parabolic subgroups can be $\mathbb{Z}$-graded. In particular, we obtain that the modules induced from the
simple modules of $p$-regular highest weights are rigid and determine their Loewy series,
assuming the Lusztig conjecture on the irreducible characters for the reductive
algebraic groups, which is now a theorem for large $p$. We say that a module is rigid if and only if it admits a unique
filtration of minimal length with each subquotient semisimple, in which case the
filtration is called the Loewy series.
Superiority of pulmonary administration of mepenzolate bromide over other routes as treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Tanaka Ken-Ichiro , Kurotsu Shota , Asano Teita , Yamakawa Naoki , Kobayashi Daisuke , Yamashita Yasunobu , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Ishihara Tomoaki , Watanabe Hiroshi , Maruyama Toru , Suzuki Hidekazu , Mizushima Tohru 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe recently proposed that mepenzolate bromide (mepenzolate) would be therapeutically effective against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to its both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory activities. In this study, we examined the benefits and adverse effects associated with different routes of mepenzolate administration in mice. Oral administration of mepenzolate caused not only bronchodilation but also decreased the severity of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema; however, compared with the intratracheal route of administration, about 5000 times higher dose was required to achieve this effect. Intravenously or intrarectally administered mepenzolate also showed these pharmacological effects. The intratracheal route of mepenzolate administration, but not other routes, resulted in protective effects against elastase-induced pulmonary damage and bronchodilation at a much lower dose than that which affected defecation and heart rate. These results suggest that the pulmonary route of mepenzolate administration may be superior to other routes (oral, intravenous or intrarectal) to treat COPD patients.
Combined hydrogels that switch human pluripotent stem cells from self-renewal to differentiation
Authors: Dixon James E. , Shah Disheet A. , Rogers Catherine , Hall Stephen , Weston Nicola , Parmenter Christopher D. J. , McNally Donal , Denning Chris , Shakesheff Kevin M. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Stem-cell microenvironment has been identified as an important modulator of plasticity, self-renewal, and differentiation. This work details the development of a hydrogel system tailored to promote human pluripotent stem cell (HPSC) self-renewal with a simple chemical microenvironmental switch to direct differentiation. Furthermore, the timing of switching post hydrogel fabrication can promote specific lineage differentiation as in vivo. This system highlights the role of microenvironment on fate choices of pluripotent cells and demonstrates that it may be tailored to control differentiation in vitro. Importantly, this approach may improve the generation of fully differentiated tissues, as demonstrated for cardiogenic differentiation. Our combination of hydrogels allows dense tissue structures to be produced from HPSCs by using a single-step process inaccessible to any current methodology.
Generation and confirmation of a (100 × 100)-dimensional entangled quantum system
Authors: Krenn Mario , Huber Marcus , Fickler Robert , Lapkiewicz Radek , Ramelow Sven , Zeilinger Anton 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Quantum entanglement is one of the key features of quantum mechanics. Quantum systems are the basis of new paradigms in quantum computation, quantum cryptography, or quantum teleportation. By increasing the size of the entangled quantum system, a wider variety of fundamental tests as well as more realistic applications can be performed. The size of the entangled quantum state can increase with the number of particles or, as in the present paper, with the number of involved dimensions. We explore a quantum system that consists of two photons which are 100-dimensionally entangled. The dimensions investigated are the different spatial modes of photons. The result may have potential applications in quantum cryptography and other quantum information tasks.
Gene-expression analysis of hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: Jiang Linjia , Romero-Carvajal Andres , Haug Jeff S. , Seidel Christopher W. , Piotrowski Tatjana 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Deafness is caused largely by the death of sensory hair cells in the inner ear. In contrast to nonmammalian vertebrates, human hair cells do not regenerate. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate hair cell regeneration in zebrafish may shed light on the factors that prevent hair cell regeneration in mammals. RNA-Seq analysis of regenerating sensory organs uncovered dynamic changes in the expression of signaling pathways during zebrafish hair cell regeneration. Unexpectedly, the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Fgf pathways are downregulated following hair cell death, whereas the Jak1/Stat3 pathway and cell cycle are activated. We propose that mimicking the zebrafish activation status of a combination of pathways at the correct time points in mammals may improve the chances of triggering regeneration of functional hair cells.
Indole negatively impacts predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and its release from the bdelloplast
Authors: Dwidar Mohammed , Nam Dougu , Mitchell Robert J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium that attacks a wide range of Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens and is proposed to be a potential living antibiotic. In this study, we evaluated the effects of indole, a bacterial signalling molecule commonly produced within the gut, on the predatory ability of B. bacteriovorus HD100. Indole significantly delayed predation on Escherichia coli MG1655 and Salmonella enterica KACC 11595 at physiological concentrations (0.25 to 1 mM) and completely inhibited predation when present at 2 mM. Microscopic analysis revealed that indole blocked the predator from attacking the prey. Furthermore, indole was not toxic to the predator but slowed down its motility. Microarray and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analyses confirmed that as the gene group showing the greatest downregulation in the presence of indole was flagellar assembly genes. Indole also caused a wide spectrum changes in gene expression including general downregulation of genes involved in ribosome assembly. Furthermore, indole addition to the predatory culture after the entrance of B. bacteriovorus into the prey periplasm slowed down bdelloplast lysis. In conclusion, indole can have significant impacts on the predation efficiency, which should be taken into consideration especially if B. bacteriovorus is to be applied as a probiotic or living antibiotic.
Fate of arsenate following arsenite oxidation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4
Authors: Wang Qian , Qin Dong , Zhang Shengzhe , Wang Lu , Li Jingxin , Rensing Christopher , McDermott Timothy R. , Wang Gejiao 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe fate of arsenate (AsV) generated by microbial arsenite (AsIII) oxidation is poorly understood. Agrobacterium tumefaciens wild‐type strain (GW4) was studied to determine how the cell copes with AsV generated in batch culture. GW4 grown heterotrophically with mannitol used AsIII as a supplemental energy supply as reflected by enhanced growth and increased cellular levels of NADH and ATP. Under low phosphate (Pi) conditions and presence of AsIII oxidation, up to ∼ 50% of the resulting AsV was taken up and found associated with the periplasm, membrane or cytoplasm fractions of the cells. Arsenic was found associated with proteins and polar lipids, but not in nucleic acids or sugars. Thin‐layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis suggested the presence of arsenolipids in membranes, presumably as part of the bilayer structure of the cell membrane and replacing Pi under Pi‐limiting conditions. The potential role of a Pi‐binding protein (PstS) for AsV uptake was assessed with the His‐tag purified protein. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectra analysis suggests that PstS can bind AsV, but with lower affinity as compared with Pi. In early stationary phase cells, the AsV : Pi ratio was approximately 4.3 and accompanied by an altered cell ultrastructure.
Comparison of bacterial communities on limnic versus coastal marine particles reveals profound differences in colonization
Authors: Bižić‐Ionescu Mina , Zeder Michael , Ionescu Danny , Orlić Sandi , Fuchs Bernhard M. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Amann Rudolf 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMarine and limnic particles are hotspots of organic matter mineralization significantly affecting biogeochemical element cycling. Fluorescencein‐situhybridization and pyrosequencing of 16SrRNAgenes were combined to investigate bacterial diversity and community composition on limnic and coastal marine particles > 5 and > 10 μm respectively. Limnic particles were more abundant (average: 1 × 107 l−1), smaller in size (average areas: 471 versus 2050 μm2) and more densely colonized (average densities: 7.3 versus 3.6 cells 100 μm−2) than marine ones. Limnic particle‐associated (PA) bacteria harbouredAlphaproteobacteriaandBetaproteobacteria, and unlike previously suggested sizeable populations ofGammaproteobacteria,ActinobacteriaandBacteroidetes. Marine particles were colonized byPlanctomycetesandBetaproteobacteriaadditionally toAlphaproteobacteria,BacteroidetesandGammaproteobacteria. Large differences in individual particle colonization could be detected. High‐throughput sequencing revealed a significant overlap ofPAand free‐living (FL) bacteria highlighting an underestimated connectivity between both fractions.PAbacteria were in 14/21 cases more diverse thanFLbacteria, reflecting a high heterogeneity in the particle microenvironment. We propose that a ratio of Chao 1 indices ofPA/FL < 1 indicates the presence of rather homogeneously colonized particles. The identification of different bacterial families enriched on either limnic or marine particles demonstrates that, despite the seemingly similar ecological niches,PAcommunities of both environments differ substantially.
Involvement of the Acr3 and DctA anti‐porters in arsenite oxidation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A
Authors: Kang Yoon‐Suk , Shi Zunji , Bothner Brian , Wang Gejiao , McDermott Timothy R. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMicrobial arsenite (AsIII) oxidation forms a critical piece of the arsenic cycle in nature, though our understanding of how and why microorganisms oxidize AsIII remains rudimentary. Our model organism Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A contains two distinct ars operons (ars1 and ars2) that are similar in their coding region content. The ars1 operon is located nearby the aio operon that is essential for AsIII oxidation. The AsIII/H+ anti‐porters encoded by acr3‐1 and acr3‐2 are required for maximal AsIII and antimonite (SbIII) resistance, but acr3‐1 (negatively regulated by ArsR‐1) appears more active in this regard and also required for AsIII oxidation and expression of aioBA. A malate‐phosphate anti‐porter DctA is regulated by RpoN and AsIII, and is required for normal growth with malate as a sole carbon source. Qualitatively, a ΔdctA mutant was normal for AsIII oxidation and AsIII/SbIII resistance at metalloid concentrations inhibitory to the Δacr3‐1 mutant; however, aioBA induction kinetics was significantly phase‐shift delayed. Acr3 involvement in AsIII/SbIII resistance is reasonably well understood, but the role of Acr3 and DctA anti‐porters in AsIII oxidation and its regulation is unexpected, and suggests that controlled AsIII trafficking across the cytoplasmic membrane is important to a process understood to occur in the periplasm.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after achieving a nondetectable serum human chorionic gonadotrophin level
Authors: Gueye M , Kane‐Gueye SM , Ndiaye‐Gueye MD , Mbaye M , Diouf AA , Niang MM , Diallo M , Moreau JC 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of recurrent trophoblastic disease after normalisation of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels in women with hydatidiform mole.DesignA retrospective review of data from a national gestational trophoblastic disease centre.SettingThe Trophoblastic Disease Unit, Dakar, Senegal.SampleWomen with pregnancies affected by hydatidiform mole registered between 2006 and 2012.MethodsThe women were followed up in accordance with the hospital protocol ‘Score de Dakar’. For women who progressed to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) the time to onset of GTN, treatment and evolution were evaluated. The rate of evolution to GTN after normalisation of hCG was determined.Main outcome measuresRate of occurrence of GTN after chemotherapy for hydatidiform mole.ResultsFive hundred and thirty‐one women were diagnosed to have molar pregnancies. According to the hospital's protocol, 107 (20.2%) of these had chemotherapy and 224 (42.2%) had prophylactic chemotherapy. Five hundred and thirteen women (96.4%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 95.05–98.14%) achieved remission. Eighteen women (3.4%; 95% CI 1.86–4.94%) developed GTN (11 before remission and seven after remission). Seven women out of the 18 developed GTN after hCG normalisation (1.3%). Five of these seven were diagnosed beyond the recommended period of follow up. The mean interval to diagnosis of GTN was 18.7 months. These seven women underwent combination chemotherapy: five achieved complete remission whereas two died from GTN.ConclusionsCytotoxic therapy for hydatidiform mole does not prevent GTN, it delays its diagnosis and promotes GTN after normalisation of hCG.
Assessing Nurse Anaesthetists' Non‐Technical Skills in the operating room
Authors: LYK‐JENSEN H. T. , JEPSEN R. M. H. G. , SPANAGER L. , DIECKMANN P. , ØSTERGAARD D. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIncident reporting and fieldwork in operating rooms have shown that some of the errors that arise in anaesthesia relate to inadequate use of non‐technical skills. To provide a tool for training and feedback on nurse anaesthetists' non‐technical skills, this study aimed to adapt the Anaesthetists' Non‐Technical Skills (ANTS) as a behavioural marker system for the formative assessment of nurse anaesthetists' non‐technical skills in the operating room.MethodsA qualitative approach with focus group interviews was used to identify the non‐technical skills of nurse anaesthetists in the operating room. The interview data were transcribed verbatim. Directed content analysis was used to code and sort data deductively into the ANTS categories: task management, team working, situation awareness and decision making. The prototype named Nurse Anaesthetists' Non‐Technical Skills (N‐ANTS) was presented and discussed in a group of subject matter experts to ensure face validity.ResultsThe N‐ANTS system consists of the same four categories as ANTS and 15 underlying elements. Three to five good and poor behavioural markers for each element were identified. The headings and definitions of the categories and elements were adjusted to encompass the behavioural markers in N‐ANTS. The differences that emerged mainly reflected statements regarding the establishment of role, competence, and task delegation.ConclusionA behavioural marker system, N‐ANTS, for nurse anaesthetists was adapted from a behavioural marker system, ANTS, for anaesthesiologists.
National Working Group Meeting on ALK diagnostics in lung cancer
Authors: Cooper Wendy , Fox Stephen , O'Toole Sandra , Morey Adrienne , Frances Glenn , Pavlakis Nick , O'Byrne Kenneth , Dettrick Andrew , Leong Trishe , Rathi Vivek , Spagnolo Dominic , Hemmings Chris , Singh Mahendra , Moffat David , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Wilner Keith , Buller Richard , Pitman Lowenthal Susan , Arifeen Shams , Binko Justin , Alam Mahmood 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe global landscape of molecular testing is rapidly changing, with the recent publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines and the ALK Atlas. The IASLC/CAP guidelines recommend that tumors from patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) be tested for ALK rearrangements in addition to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The spur for this recommendation is the availability of novel therapies that target these rearrangements. This article is based on coverage of a Pfizer‐sponsored National Working Group Meeting on ALK Diagnostics in Lung Cancer, held around the 15th World Lung Cancer Conference, in Sydney on October 31, 2013. It is based on the presentations given by the authors at the meeting and the discussion that ensued. The content for this article was discussed and agreed on by the authors.
From parent to ‘peer facilitator’: a qualitative study of a peer‐led parenting programme
Authors: Thomson S. , Michelson D. , Day C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPeer‐led interventions are increasingly common in community health settings. Although peer‐led approaches have proven benefits for service users, relatively little is known about the process and outcomes of participation for peer leaders. This study investigated experiences of parents who had participated as ‘peer facilitators’ in Empowering Parents, Empowering Communities (EPEC), a peer‐led programme designed to improve access to evidence‐based parenting support in socially disadvantaged communities.MethodA qualitative cross‐sectional design was used. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 peer facilitators and scrutinized using thematic analysis.ResultsPeer facilitators developed their knowledge and skills through personal experience of receiving parenting support, participation in formal training and supervised practice, access to an intervention manual, and peer modelling. Peer facilitators described positive changes in their own families, confidence and social status. Transformative personal gains reinforced peer facilitators' role commitment and contributed to a cohesive ‘family’ identity among EPEC staff and service users. Peer facilitators' enthusiasm, openness and mutual identification with families were seen as critical to EPEC's effectiveness and sustainability. Peer facilitators also found the training emotionally and intellectually demanding. There were particular difficulties around logistical issues (e.g. finding convenient supervision times), managing psychosocial complexity and child safeguarding.ConclusionsThe successful delivery and sustained implementation of peer‐led interventions requires careful attention to the personal qualities and support of peer leaders. Based on the findings of this study, support should include training, access to intervention manuals, regular and responsive supervision, and logistical/administrative assistance. Further research is required to elaborate and extend these findings to other peer‐led programmes.