bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Burden of All-Cause Pneumonia and Nonbacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults in France Between 2013 and 2019
Authors: Sabra Ayman , Bourgeois Marie , Blanc Emmanuelle , Fievez Stephane , Moïsi Jennifer , Goussiaume Gwenaël , Lemaitre Magali , Watier Laurence , Coulombel Nicolas , Tréhony Julien , Tricotel Aurore , Baghdadi Yasmine , Fartoukh Muriel S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to describe the hospital burden of pneumonia in the adult population in France.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted from the National Health Insurance Database. All hospitalizations for pneumonia (all-cause) between 2013 and 2019 were included. Different risk categories for patients were established based on pneumococcal vaccine recommendations by French health authorities.

Results
A total of 2 199 240 episodes of CAP were registered over the study period (annual mean, 314 177 [standard deviation, 17 818.6]); 75% occurred in patients aged ≥65 years, among whom 47% were not classified in the moderate- or high-risk categories recommended for French pneumococcal vaccination. The incidence of CAP increased with age (117.9, 395.3, and 1916.7 per 100 000 for the age groups 18–49, 50–64, and ≥65 years, respectively, in 2019). Furthermore, being at risk of pneumococcal disease resulted in more severe outcomes, including longer episode duration (mean, 14 days in low-risk vs 17 days in high-risk patients) and higher risk of referral to critical care units (from 20% to 27%), of rehospitalization up to 180 days (from 39% to 67%), of in-hospital death (from 12% to 19%), and of 1-year mortality (from 26% to 49%).

Conclusions
This study establishes the incidence of CAP in adults in France, describes the significant burden of disease, and highlights the need for better prevention policies.
Recent advances in drug delivery applications of aqueous two-phase systems
Authors: Baghbanbashi Mojhdeh , Shiran Hadi Shaker , Kakkar Ashok , Pazuki Gholamreza , Ristroph Kurt 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are liquid–liquid equilibria between two aqueous phases that usually contain over 70% water content each, which results in a nontoxic organic solvent-free environment for biological compounds and biomolecules. ATPSs have attracted significant interest in applications for formulating carriers (microparticles, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and polymersomes) which can be prepared using the spontaneous phase separation of ATPSs as a driving force, and loaded with a wide range of bioactive materials, including small molecule drugs, proteins, and cells, for delivery applications. This review provides a detailed analysis of various ATPSs, including strategies employed for particle formation, polymerization of droplets in ATPSs, phase-guided block copolymer assemblies, and stimulus-responsive carriers. Processes for loading various bioactive payloads are discussed, and applications of these systems for drug delivery are summarized and discussed.
Followers do not dictate the virality of news outlets on social media
Authors: Sangiorgio Emanuele , Cinelli Matteo , Cerqueti Roy , Quattrociocchi Walter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Initially conceived for entertainment, social media platforms have profoundly transformed the dissemination of information and consequently reshaped the dynamics of agenda-setting. In this scenario, understanding the factors that capture audience attention and drive viral content is crucial. Employing Gibrat’s Law, which posits that an entity’s growth rate is unrelated to its size, we examine the engagement growth dynamics of news outlets on social media. Our analysis includes the Facebook historical data of over a thousand news outlets, encompassing approximately 57 million posts in four European languages from 2008 to the end of 2022. We discover universal growth dynamics according to which news virality is independent of the traditional size of the outlet. Moreover, our analysis reveals a significant long-term impact of news source reliability on engagement growth, with engagement induced by unreliable sources decreasing over time. We conclude the article by presenting a statistical model replicating the observed growth dynamics.
Quantifying the vulnerabilities of the online public square to adversarial manipulation tactics
Authors: Truong Bao Tran , Lou Xiaodan , Flammini Alessandro , Menczer Filippo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Social media, seen by some as the modern public square, is vulnerable to manipulation. By controlling inauthentic accounts impersonating humans, malicious actors can amplify disinformation within target communities. The consequences of such operations are difficult to evaluate due to the challenges posed by collecting data and carrying out ethical experiments that would influence online communities. Here we use a social media model that simulates information diffusion in an empirical network to quantify the impacts of adversarial manipulation tactics on the quality of content. We find that the presence of hub accounts, a hallmark of social media, exacerbates the vulnerabilities of online communities to manipulation. Among the explored tactics that bad actors can employ, infiltrating a community is the most likely to make low-quality content go viral. Such harm can be further compounded by inauthentic agents flooding the network with low-quality, yet appealing content, but is mitigated when bad actors focus on specific targets, such as influential or vulnerable individuals. These insights suggest countermeasures that platforms could employ to increase the resilience of social media users to manipulation.
The New Politics (and Political Science) of Workers’ Rights?: A Review Article
Authors: Brown Trevor E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this article, I review Daniel J. Galvin's Alt-Labor and the New Politics of Workers' Rights and situate it within a renewed scholarly interest in the politics of work and labor in the American politics subfield. I argue the book highlights several strengths and weaknesses of the literature, including the book’s attention to how America's highly polarized and fragmented governing system structures the politics of workers’ rights. Galvin’s book, I argue, also helps push the literature forward by encouraging scholars to think more deeply about the shifting institutional location of worker power, new and varying forms of worker organizations, and a set of co-constitutive problems faced by marginalized workers on and off the job. I conclude by suggesting the new wave of labor literature in the American politics subfield has underexplored implications for the growing research on democratic backsliding in the United States.
Price elasticity of demand and risk-bearing capacity in sovereign bond auctions
Authors: Albuquerque Rui , Cardoso-Costa José Miguel , Faias José Afonso 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The paper uses bids submitted by primary dealer banks at auctions of sovereign bonds to quantify the price elasticity of demand. The price elasticity of demand correlates strongly with the volatility of returns of the same bonds traded in the secondary market but only weakly with their bid-ask spread. It predicts same-bond post-auction returns in the secondary market, even after controlling for pre-auction volatility. The evidence suggests that the price elasticity of demand is associated with the magnitude of price pressure in the secondary market around auction days and proxies for primary dealer risk-bearing capacity.
Microwave ablation of synovial hypertrophy in recurrent monoarthritis: the results of extended cohort and long-term follow-up
Authors: Deniz Rabia , Güzelbey Tevfik , Mutlu İlhan Nahit , Erdim Çağrı , Karaalioğlu Bilgin , Özgür Duygu Sevinç , Akkuzu Gamze , Kalkan Kübra , Kılıçkesmez Özgür , Bes Cemal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesRecurrent monoarthritis (RM) is a major challenge of many rheumatic diseases. Ablation is a well-known technique in the treatment of benign or malign lesions of different aetiologies. We aimed to investigate the success and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) as an adjunctive therapy in a cohort of medical treatment-resistant RM.MethodsPatients with RM associated with different inflammatory diseases were included. MWA was performed after measuring the size of synovial hypertrophy with 15 or 20 W power and different durations until microbubbles were shown, indicating necrosis. Both clinical and radiologic data were recorded.ResultsWe applied MWA in total of 24 knee joints of 10 female and 12 male patients aged between 22 and 71 years. Median IA aspiration (IAA) need in the last 6 months before MWA was 5 (0–15). The median follow-up was 10 (3–16) months. Overall IAA count in the last 6 months before MWA in total of 144 months was 129, and decreased to 7 in post-MWA in total of 226 months (0.89 vs 0.03 per month, P &lt; 0.001). The second MWA session was needed for three patients and a third session for one. Functional disability and pain scores were improved significantly (median score from 9 to 1, P &lt; 0.00001, in both). In MRI, follow-up significant regression in synovial hypertrophy size was shown especially after the 6th month. No complication was observed during the procedure or follow-up.ConclusionAs a less invasive technique compared with the surgical approach, MWA of synovial hypertrophy showed significant clinical improvement in RM safely. MWA seems promising as a treatment option candidate in the management of RM.
Proceedings of PRINCETON IV: PDE5 inhibitors and cardiac health symposium
Authors: Rosen Raymond C , Miner Martin , Burnett Arthur L , Blaha Michael J , Ganz Peter , Goldstein Irwin , Kim Noel , Kohler Tobias , Lue Tom , McVary Kevin , Mulhall John , Parish Sharon J , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Sadovsky Richard , Sharlip Ira , Kloner Robert A 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrior consensus meetings have addressed the relationship between phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition and cardiac health. Given significant accumulation of new data in the past decade, a fourth consensus conference on this topic was convened in Pasadena, California, on March 10 and 11, 2023.ObjectivesOur meeting aimed to update existing knowledge, assess current guidelines, and make recommendations for future research and practice in this area.MethodsAn expert panel reviewed existing research and clinical practice guidelines.ResultsKey findings and clinical recommendations are the following: First, erectile dysfunction (ED) is a risk marker and enhancer for cardiovascular (CV) disease. For men with ED and intermediate levels of CV risk, coronary artery calcium (CAC) computed tomography should be considered in addition to previous management algorithms. Second, sexual activity is generally safe for men with ED, although stress testing should still be considered for men with reduced exercise tolerance or ischemia. Third, the safety of PDE5 inhibitor use with concomitant medications was reviewed in depth, particularly concomitant use with nitrates or alpha-blockers. With rare exceptions, PDE5 inhibitors can be safely used in men being treated for hypertension, lower urinary tract symptoms and other common male disorders. Fourth, for men unresponsive to oral therapy or with absolute contraindications for PDE5 inhibitor administration, multiple treatment options can be selected. These were reviewed in depth with clinical recommendations. Fifth, evidence from retrospective studies points strongly toward cardioprotective effects of chronic PDE5-inhibitor use in men. Decreased rates of adverse cardiac outcomes in men taking PDE-5 inhibitors has been consistently reported from multiple studies. Sixth, recommendations were made regarding over-the-counter access and potential risks of dietary supplement adulteration. Seventh, although limited data exist in women, PDE5 inhibitors are generally safe and are being tested for use in multiple new indications.ConclusionStudies support the overall cardiovascular safety of the PDE5 inhibitors. New indications and applications were reviewed in depth.
The Influence of the Number of Tree Searches on Maximum Likelihood Inference in Phylogenomics
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhou Xiaofan , Li Yuanning , Hittinger Chris Todd , Pan Ronghui , Huang Jinyan , Chen Xue-xin , Rokas Antonis , Chen Yun , Shen Xing-Xing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic inference is widely used in phylogenomics. As heuristic searches most likely find suboptimal trees, it is recommended to conduct multiple (e.g., 10) tree searches in phylogenetic analyses. However, beyond its positive role, how and to what extent multiple tree searches aid ML phylogenetic inference remains poorly explored. Here, we found that a random starting tree was not as effective as the BioNJ and parsimony starting trees in inferring the ML gene tree and that RAxML-NG and PhyML were less sensitive to different starting trees than IQ-TREE. We then examined the effect of the number of tree searches on ML tree inference with IQ-TREE and RAxML-NG, by running 100 tree searches on 19,414 gene alignments from 15 animal, plant, and fungal phylogenomic datasets. We found that the number of tree searches substantially impacted the recovery of the best-of-100 ML gene tree topology among 100 searches for a given ML program. In addition, all of the concatenation-based trees were topologically identical if the number of tree searches was ≥10. Quartet-based ASTRAL trees inferred from 1 to 80 tree searches differed topologically from those inferred from 100 tree searches for 6/15 phylogenomic datasets. Finally, our simulations showed that gene alignments with lower difficulty scores had a higher chance of finding the best-of-100 gene tree topology and were more likely to yield the correct trees.
Animal and human bites
Authors: Cottrell Damon B. , Martin Catherine “Katie” M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPatients who have experienced animal or human bites may present for care in a number of settings with a variety of injuries requiring different approaches to treatment and management. Because animal and human bites range in severity and can result in a host of sequelae, their evaluation and management can be complex. In caring for patients with an animal or human bite, NPs must consider the many factors relevant to such an injury.
Percent Final Height Is a Novel Method That Identifies Differences Between the Rate of Development in American Children of Different Races
Authors: Taylor Tristen N. , Yang Ally A. , Lee Tiffany M. , Diejomaoh Rioke M. , Bridges Callie S. , Kan J. Herman , Smith Brian G. , Cooperman Daniel R. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The Greulich & Pyle (G&P) Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development uses hand x-rays obtained between 1926 and 1942 on children of Caucasian ancestry. Our study uses modern Caucasian, Black, Hispanic, and Asian children to investigate patterns of development as a function of percent final height (PFH).

Methods:
A retrospective review, at a single institution, was conducted using children who received a hand x-ray, a height measurement taken within 60 days of that x-ray, and a final height. BA and CA were compared between races. PFH was calculated by dividing height at the time of the x-ray by their final height. To further evaluate differences between races in CA or BA, PFH was then modeled as a function of CA or BA using a fifth-degree polynomial regression, and mean ages at the 85th PFH were compared. Patients were then divided into Sanders stages 1, 2-4, and 5-8 and the mean PFH, CA, and BA of the Asian, Black, and Hispanic children were compared with the White children using Student t test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results:
We studied 498 patients, including 53 Asian, 83 Black, 190 Hispanic, and 172 White patients. Mean BA was significantly greater than CA in Black males (1.27 y) and females (1.36 y), Hispanic males (1.12 y) and females (1.29 y), and White females (0.74 y). Hispanic and Black patients were significantly more advanced in BA than White patients (P<0.001). At the 85th PFH, White and Hispanic males were older than Black males by at least 7 months (P<0.001), and White females were significantly older than Hispanic females by 6.4 months (P<0.001). At 85th PFH for males, Hispanic and Black males had greater BA than White males by at least 5 months (P<0.001), and Asian females had a greater BA than Black females by at least 5 months (P<0.001). Compared with White children, Hispanic children were significantly younger at Sanders 2-4 than White children, and Black children were skeletally older at Sanders 5-8.

Conclusions:
BA was greater than CA by ≥1 year in Black and Hispanic children, and that these children had a significantly greater BA than their White counterparts. Black males and Hispanic females reached their 85th PFH at younger ages, and Hispanic males and Asian females were the most skeletally mature at their 85th PFH. Our results suggest that BA and CA may vary as a function of race, and further studies evaluating growth via the 85th PFH may be necessary.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Study – Level IV
The Association Between Elevated Myocardial Injury-Related Biomarker (TnI) and Increased Mortality in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome*
Authors: Liang Boyun , Xu Ling , Li Mingyue , Wang Hua , Lu Sihong , Fan Lei , Wang Tong , Li Junyuan , Zhu Bin , Wang Junzhong , Wang Baoju , Peng Cheng , Shen Shu , Zheng Xin 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamic profiles of myocardial injury biomarkers and their association with mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).

DESIGN:
A retrospective cohort study.

SETTINGS:
Union Hospital in Wuhan, China.

PATIENTS:
A total of 580 patients with SFTS, observed between May 2014 and December 2021, were included in the final analysis.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
In total, 580 patients with SFTS were enrolled in the study, comprised of 469 survivors and 111 nonsurvivors, with a 21-day fatality rate of 19.1%. The elevation of troponin I (TnI) was observed in 61.6% patients (357/580) with SFTS upon admission, and 68.4% patients (397/580) developed an abnormal TnI level during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression identified age, viral load, platelet count, creatinine level, and TnI level as potential risk factors for mortality in patients with SFTS. The results of restricted cubic splines revealed that when the TnI level (baseline TnI: 1.55 [lg (ng/L+1)], peak value: TnI 1.90 [lg (ng/L+1)]) exceeded a certain threshold, the predicted mortality of patients with SFTS increased alongside the rise in TnI levels. Mortality rate surpassed 40% among patients with SFTS with TnI greater than or equal to 10 times the upper limit of normal at admission (43.8%) or during hospitalization (41.7%). Older age, a history of cardiovascular disease, and higher d-dimer levels were potential risk factors for elevated TnI levels in patients with SFTS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Elevated TnI levels were prevalent among patients with SFTS and were strongly associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Sclerosing Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Possible Diagnosis When a Small Biopsy Shows Sclerotic Fibroma-Like Features
Authors: Kurimoto Toru , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Nakanishi Takashi , Morita Kohei , Ishida Eiwa , Ogawa Kohei , Koga Kaori , Fukumoto Takaya , Asada Hideo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a neoplasm of intermediate malignancy with high local recurrence rates. The sclerosing variant is characterized by the presence of sclerotic areas in more than 50% of tumors and is rarely reported. In this report, we describe a case of sclerosing DFSP with areas histopathologically resembling sclerotic fibroma, where the initial biopsy tissue presented a diagnostic challenge. A 77-year-old man presented with a 2-cm firm, erythematous nodule on the chest. A punch biopsy revealed plywood-like sclerosis and spindle cells with a vaguely storiform pattern. The tumor cells were positive for CD34. Sclerotic fibroma and DFSP were considered differential diagnoses. Subsequent excisional biopsy revealed that the tumor comprised 3 different histopathological areas: classic DFSP, sclerotic fibroma-like, and giant cell fibroblastoma-like. This report highlights the importance of reevaluating the clinical context and excision for further characterization.
Validity of the 1984 Interim Guidelines on Airborne Ultrasound and Gaps in the Current Knowledge
Authors:   International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Airborne ultrasound is used for various purposes both in industrial and public settings, as well as being produced as a by-product by a range of sources. The International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) published interim guidelines on limiting human exposure to airborne ultrasound in 1984, based on the limited scientific evidence that was available at that time. In order to investigate whether research since 1984 requires the development of revised exposure guidelines we considered (a) within the context of ultrasound exposure the relevance to health of the biological endpoints/mechanisms listed in the IRPA guidelines, (b) the validity of the exposure limits, and (c) whether there are biological endpoints/mechanisms not covered in the guidelines. The analysis of the available evidence showed that the biological endpoints that form the basis of the guidelines are relevant to health and the guidelines provide limits of exposure based on the evidence that was available at the time. However, the IRPA limits and their associated dosimetry were based on limited evidence, which may not be considered as scientifically substantiated. Further, there is no substantiated evidence of biological endpoints/mechanisms not covered by the IRPA guidelines. These two observations could mean that IRPA’s limits are too low or too high. Research since the IRPA guidelines has made some improvements in the knowledge base, but there are still significant data gaps that need to be resolved before a formal revision of the guidelines can be made by ICNIRP, including research needs related to health outcomes and improved dosimetry. This statement makes a number of recommendations for future research on airborne ultrasound.