bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology in the management of cervical cancer
Authors: Chen Jiezhong , Gu Wenyi , Yang Lei , Chen Chen , Shao Renfu , Xu Kewei , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: March 2015

SummaryCervical cancer is a major disease with high mortality. All cervical cancers are caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV). Although preventive vaccines for cervical cancer are successful, treatment of cervical cancer is far less satisfactory because of multidrug resistance and side effects. In this review, we summarize the recent application of nanotechnology to the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer as well as the development of HPV vaccines. Early detection of cervical cancer enables tumours to be efficiently removed by surgical procedures, leading to increased survival rate. The current method of detecting cervical cancer by Pap smear can only achieve 50% sensitivity, whereas nanotechnology has been used to detect HPVs with greatly improved sensitivity. In cervical cancer treatment, nanotechnology has been used for the delivery of anticancer drugs to increase treatment efficacy and decrease side effects. Nanodelivery of HPV preventive and therapeutic vaccines has also been investigated to increase vaccine efficacy. Overall, these developments suggest that nanoparticle‐based vaccine may become the most effective way to prevent and treat cervical cancer, assisted or combined with some other nanotechnology‐based therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mild Heat Treatment Primes Human CD34+ Cord Blood Cells for Migration Toward SDF-1α and Enhances Engraftment in an NSG Mouse Model
Authors: Capitano Maegan L. , Hangoc Giao , Cooper Scott , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Simple efforts are needed to enhance cord blood (CB) transplantation. We hypothesized that short-term exposure of CD34+ CB cells to 39.5°C would enhance their response to stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), by increasing lipid raft aggregation and CXCR4 expression, thus leading to enhanced engraftment. Mild hyperthermia (39.5°C) significantly increased the percent of CD34+ CB that migrated toward SDF-1. This was associated with increased expression of CXCR4 on the cells. Mechanistically, mild heating increased the percent of CD34+ cells with aggregated lipid rafts and enhanced colocalization of CXCR4 within lipid raft domains. Using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), an agent that blocks lipid raft aggregation, it was determined that this enhancement in chemotaxis was dependent upon lipid raft aggregation. Colocalization of Rac1, a GTPase crucial for cell migration and adhesion, with CXCR4 to the lipid raft was essential for the effects of heat on chemotaxis, as determined with an inhibitor of Rac1 activation, NSC23766. Application-wise, mild heat treatment significantly increased the percent chimerism as well as homing and engraftment of CD34+ CB cells in sublethally irradiated non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency IL-2 receptor gamma chain d (NSG) mice. Mild heating may be a simple and inexpensive means to enhance engraftment following CB transplantation in patients. Stem Cells Stem Cells 2015;33:1975–1984
Synthesis and X‐ray Crystal Structures of Zinc Dichloride Complexes Supported by a β‐Diimine Ligand
Authors: Scheiper Christoph , Naglav Dominik , Bläser Dieter , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan 
Published: March 2015

Abstractβ‐Diimine zinc dichloride complexes [CH2{C(Me)NAr}2]ZnCl2 [Ar = Mes (1), Dipp (2)] were obtained from the reactions of ZnCl2 with the corresponding β‐iminoamines [ArN(H)C(Me)CHC(Me)NAr]. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses as well as by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The energy differences between the enamine‐imine tautomers of the β‐iminoamines were quantified by quantum chemical calculations.
Novel Copper(II) Thiodibenzoic Acid Coordination Polymers by in situ Extrusion of Sulfur from 2,2′‐Dithiodibenzoic Acid and the Unique Oxidation of Disulfide to Sulfate
Authors: Moosun Salma B. , Blair Lisa H. , Coles Simon J. , Laulloo Sabina J. , Bhowon Minu G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSlow diffusion reaction of 2,2′‐dithiodibenzoic acid (dtdb) with CuCl2 in the presence of N‐donor ligands results in the formation of different coordination polymers where both S–S and C–S scission and oxidation of S is observed. X‐ray diffraction analysis of [Cu(tdb)(phen)(H2O)]2·2H2O.2DMF] (1), [Cu(tdb)(py)2(H2O)]2 (3), and [Cu(tdb)(bipy)(H2O)]2·0.5H2O (4) (tdb = thiodibenzoic acid, phen = phenanthroline, py = pyridine, bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) show that the metal ions are coordinated to the carboxylate oxygen atoms of the in situ generated tdb ligand in a monodenate fashion. In [Cu(phen)(SO4)2(H2O)2]n (2) and [Cu(bipy)(SO4)2(H2O)2]n (5), the sulfur is oxidized to sulfate ions prior to coordination with the metal. Complex 1 has a dimeric structure with π–π interactions between the phen ligands, whereas 3 and 4 form 1D polymeric chains.
Insect species recorded in sugarcane fields of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, over three seasons in 2012
Authors: Voraphab Itsarapong , Hanboonsong Yupa , Kobori Youichi , Ikeda Hiroaki , Osawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe diversity of insect species in cultivated fields provides a number of ecosystem benefits, including natural pest control and pollination. However, current knowledge of the insect fauna in agricultural landscapes is extremely limited when compared with information available for other ecosystems, such as forests and rivers. Here, we present data on insect diversity, including functional feeding group diversity, in sugarcane fields of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Sugarcane is a major Thai crop. We collected insects using light trap systems located in 16 sugarcane field plots. Each light trap was deployed in an individual 0.16 ha plot. Trapping was conducted over three seasons, including both dry and rainy periods, in March, June, and October of 2012. On each trapping day, we collected insects in the evening from 18:00 to 19:30. The traps yielded a total of 98,423 individuals including 143 species belonging to 26 families. We classified collections into five functional feeding groups: herbivores, predators, decomposers, parasitoids, and pollinators. The dominant functional species were herbivores, followed in rank order by predators; most individuals in the traps were predatory species. We assembled an insect fauna data set that will be useful in the study of southeast Asian agricultural ecosystems and provided the data in the Darwin Core Archive format.
Finger and Toe Temperature Responses to Cold After Freezing Cold Injury in Elite Alpinists
Authors: Morrison Shawnda A. , Gorjanc Jurij , Eiken Ola , Mekjavic Igor B. 
Published: March 2015

Objective To assess whether previous freezing cold injuries (FCI) would affect digit skin temperatures and rewarming rates during a follow-up cold stress test protocol. Design Nonrandomized control trial. Methods Twenty elite alpinists participated; alpinists with previous FCI requiring digit amputations (injured, INJ: n = 10 total, n = 8 male) were compared with ability-matched, uninjured alpinists (control, CON: n = 10, all male). Digit skin temperature was measured using infrared thermography as an index of peripheral digit perfusion after a cold stress test, which consisted of 30 minutes of immersion in 8°C water. Results The INJ alpinists’ injured toes were warmer (approximately 6%) than their uninjured toes immediately after cold immersion (95% CI, 0.01°C to 1.00°C; P = .05); there were no differences between the rates of rewarming of injured and uninjured toes (INJ, 0.5° ± 0.1°C/min; CON, 0.7° ± 0.3°C/min; P = .16). Although the INJ alpinists had colder injured fingers immediately after the 35°C warm bath compared with their own uninjured fingers (32.2° ± 2.0°C vs 34.5° ± 0.5°C; P = .02), there were no differences observed between the rates of rewarming of injured and uninjured fingers after cold exposure (INJ, 1.1° ± 0.2°C/min; CON, 1.3° ± 0.5°C/min; P = .22). Conclusions Even after FCI that requires digit amputation, there is no evidence of different tissue rates of rewarming between the injured and uninjured fingers or toes of elite alpinists.
Experimental investigation of flow development and gap vortex street in an eccentric annular channel. Part 2. Effects of inlet conditions, diameter ratio, eccentricity and Reynolds number
Authors: Choueiri George H. , Tavoularis Stavros 
Published: March 2015

The development and structure of flows in eccentric annular channels and their dependence on inlet conditions, inner-to-outer diameter ratio $d/D$, eccentricity $e=2{\rm\Delta}y/(D-d)$, where ${\rm\Delta}y$ is the distance between the axes of the inner and outer cylinders, and Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$, based on the hydraulic diameter and the bulk velocity, were studied experimentally, with focus on the phenomena of gap instability and the resulting vortex street. Experimental conditions covered a Reynolds number range between 0 and 19 000, an eccentricity range from 0 to 0.9 and inner-to-outer diameter ratios equal to 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. Much of the discussion is based on measurements in the middle of the narrow annular gap, where the phenomena of interest could be observed most vividly. In the range $\mathit{Re}<10\,000$, the Strouhal number, the normalized mid-gap axial flow velocity and the normalized axial and cross-flow fluctuations at mid-gap were found to increase with increasing $\mathit{Re}$ and to depend strongly on inlet conditions. At higher Reynolds numbers, however, these parameters reached asymptotic values that were less sensitive to inlet conditions. We constructed a map for the various stages of periodic motions versus eccentricity and Reynolds number and found that for $e<0.5$ or $\mathit{Re}<1100$ the flow was unconditionally stable, as far as gap instability is concerned. For $e\leqslant 0.5$, transition to turbulence occurred at $\mathit{Re}\approx 6000$, whereas, for $0.6\leqslant e\leqslant 0.9$, the critical Reynolds number for the formation of periodic motions was found to increase with eccentricity from 1100 for $e=0.6$ to 3800 for $e=0.9$.
Laminar streak growth above a spanwise oscillating wall
Authors: Hicks Peter D. , Ricco Pierre 
Published: March 2015

The use of spanwise wall oscillations to attenuate the growth of laminar streaks within the incompressible Blasius boundary layer is investigated. As in the case of the flow above a stationary flat plate, studied by Leib et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 380, 1999, pp. 169–203), free-stream convected gusts interact with the boundary layer to drive the streak growth. Spanwise wall oscillations can either reduce or increase the total energy of the laminar streaks, depending upon the wall oscillation amplitude and frequency, as well as the free-stream gust properties. Reductions in streak energies of up to 90 % are obtained, indicating that spanwise wall oscillations are an effective technique for attenuating the laminar streak growth. Therefore they may suppress secondary boundary-layer instabilities and delay transition. The laminar boundary-layer base flow matches the Blasius profile in the streamwise and wall-normal directions, while in the spanwise direction a generalized version of the classical Stokes layer profile (generated by a wall oscillating beneath a quiescent fluid) occurs, which evolves downstream due to non-parallel flow effects. Via a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys analysis, this generalized Stokes layer is shown to approach the classical Stokes layer in the limit of large downstream distances or high-frequency plate oscillations. The laminar streaks forced by the generalized and the classical Stokes flows differ significantly, which implies that the choice of the spanwise base flow may affect the secondary instability and transition in this flow. The analysis also proves that the use of the classical Stokes layer as spanwise base flow, as employed by Hack & Zaki (Phys. Fluids. vol. 24 (3), 2012, 034101), is inappropriate.
Perceptual categorization of handling handshapes in British Sign Language
Authors: SEHYR ZED SEVCIKOVA , CORMIER KEARSY 
Published: March 2015

abstractSign languages like British Sign Language (BSL) include partially lexicalized constructions depicting object handling or manipulation – handling constructions. Object sizes gradiently vary, yet it is unclear whether handling handshapes depict handled objects categorically or gradiently. This study investigates the influence of sign language experience on perception of handling handshapes. Deaf signers and hearing non-signers completed perceptual handshape identification and discrimination tasks. We examined whether deaf BSL signers perceived handshape continua categorically or continuously compared with hearing non-signers, and whether reaction times were modulated by linguistic representations. The results revealed similar binary categorization of dynamically presented handling handshapes as deaf and hearing perceivers displayed higher discrimination accuracy on category boundaries, and lower, but above chance, within-category discrimination, suggesting that perceptual categorization was not uniquely mediated by linguistic experience. However, RTs revealed critical differences between groups in processing times; deaf signers’ RTs reflected stronger category bias and increased sensitivity to boundaries, suggesting underlying linguistic representations. Further, handshape variability within categories influenced deaf signers’ discrimination RTs in a manner that suggested graded category organization, with handshape prototype grounding the category. These findings provide an insight into the internal organization of handling handshapes and highlight the complex relationship between sign language, cognition, and gesture.
Association between 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: the Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) study
Authors: Ge Zeng , Guo Xiaolei , Chen Xiaorong , Tang Junli , Yan Liuxia , Ren Jie , Zhang Jiyu , Lu Zilong , Dong Jing , Xu Jianwei , Cai Xiaoning , Liang Hao , Ma Jixiang 
Published: March 2015

The association of 24 h urinary Na and potassium excretion with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been studied in China. The aim of the present study was to examine this association by analysing the data from 1906 study participants living in north China. To this end, 24 h urine samples were collected. Of the 1906 participants, 471 (24·7 %) had the MetS. The mean urinary Na and K excretion was 228·7 and 40·8 mmol/d, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the odds of the MetS significantly increased across the increasing tertiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·40 and 1·54, respectively). For the components of the MetS, the odds of central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG, but not the odds of low HDL-cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose, significantly increased with the successive tertiles of urinary Na excretion. Furthermore, for every 100 mmol/d increase in urinary Na excretion, the odds of the MetS, central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG was significantly increased by 29, 63, 22 and 21 %, respectively. However, urinary K excretion was not significantly associated with the risk of the MetS. These findings suggest that high Na intake might be an important risk factor for the MetS in Chinese adults.
Development and validation of an iodine-specific FFQ to estimate iodine intake in Australian pregnant women
Authors: Condo Dominique , Makrides Maria , Skeaff Sheila , Zhou Shao J. 
Published: March 2015

Adequate iodine is important during pregnancy to ensure optimal growth and development of the offspring. We validated an iodine-specific FFQ (I-FFQ) for use in Australian pregnant women. A forty-four-item I-FFQ was developed to assess iodine intake from food and was administered to 122 pregnant women at 28 weeks gestation. Iodine supplement use was captured separately at 28 weeks gestation. Correlation between iodine intake from food estimated using the I-FFQ and a 4 d weighed food record as well as correlation between total iodine intake and 24 h urinary iodine excretion (UIE), 24 h urinary iodine concentration (UIC), spot UIC and thyroid function were assessed at 28 weeks gestation. A moderate correlation between the two dietary methods was shown (r0·349,P< 0·001), and it was strengthened with the addition of iodine supplements (r0·876,P< 0·001). There was a fair agreement (k= 0·28,P< 0·001) between the two dietary measures in the classification of women as receiving adequate ( ≥ 160 μg/d) or inadequate ( < 160 μg/d) iodine intake from food, but the limits of agreement from the Bland–Altman plot were large. Total iodine intake was associated with 24 h UIE (β = 0·488,P< 0·001) but not with spot UIC. Iodine intake from food using the I-FFQ was assessed at study entry ( < 20 weeks gestation) in addition to 28 weeks gestation, and there was a strong correlation in iodine intake at the two time points (r0·622,P< 0·001), which indicated good reproducibility. In conclusion, the I-FFQ provides a valid tool for estimating iodine intake in pregnant women and can be used to screen women who are at risk of inadequate intake.
A link in the chain of the Cambrian zooplankton: bradoriid arthropods invade the water column
Authors: WILLIAMS MARK , VANDENBROUCKE THIJS R. A. , PERRIER VINCENT , SIVETER DAVID J. , SERVAIS THOMAS 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBradoriids are small bivalved arthropods that had global distribution for about 20 million years beginning at Cambrian Epoch 2 (c. 521 Ma). The majority of bradoriids are considered to be benthic, favouring oxygenated waters, as suggested by their anatomy, lithofacies distribution, faunal associates and provinciality. Most bradoriids were extinct by the end of the Drumian Age (middle of Cambrian Epoch 3). The post-Drumian is characterized by widespread dysoxic shelf lithofacies in southern Britain and Scandinavia and by the abundance of phosphatocopid arthropods. This interval is also associated with two bradoriid species with wide intercontinental distribution:Anabarochilina primordialis, which had a geographical range from the palaeo-tropics to high southern palaeo-latitude, andAnabarochilina australis, which extended through the palaeo-tropics from Laurentia to Gondwana. The wide environmental and geographical range of these species, coupled with a carapace anatomy that suggests an active lifestyle, is used to infer a zooplanktonic lifestyle. A possible driver of this widespread Cambrian bradoriid zooplankton was sea-level rise coupled to the periodic spread of low oxygen conditions onto continental shelves, acting in tandem with anatomical pre-adaptations for swimming. Parallels exist with the myodocope ostracod colonization of the water column during Silurian time, which may also have been influenced by extrinsic environmental controls acting on anatomical pre-adaptations for swimming. Similar biological and environmental mechanisms may have facilitated arthropod zooplankton colonizations across Phanerozoic time.
The Self-Respect Movement and Tamil Politics of Belonging in Interwar British Malaya, 1929–1939
Authors: ALAGIRISAMY DARINEE 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article explores ideas of belonging that gained prominence among Indian Tamils in interwar British Malaya by revisiting a transnational dialogue that has been under-represented in the community's history. Through an analysis of the developments that unfolded during and in the decade following Periyar E. V. Ramasamy's first visit to Malaya in 1929, it positions the diaspora within the politics of a reform movement that had a profound impact on Tamil cultural and political consciousness in two colonial societies. Having originated in the former Madras Presidency, the Self-Respect movement entered Malaya at a time when both societies were engulfed in momentous change. Led by the middle class, the movement's subsequent ‘Malayanization’ raised salient questions of political allegiance as it was adapted, challenged, and ultimately reapplied to India in the interest of defending the Tamil homeland. Through an analysis of the contentious loyalties that Malayan Self-Respecters encouraged, and the responses that surfaced in the process, this article will demonstrate that the movement opened up critical new discursive spaces through which the diaspora engaged with its ‘home’ and ‘host’ societies.
PLANNED AND ONGOING PROJECTS (POP) DATABASE: DEVELOPMENT AND RESULTS
Authors: Wild Claudia , Erdös Judit , Warmuth Marisa , Hinterreiter Gerda , Krämer Peter , Chalon Patrice 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the development, structure and results of a database on planned and ongoing health technology assessment (HTA) projects (POP Database) in Europe.Methods: The POP Database (POP DB) was set up in an iterative process from a basic Excel sheet to a multifunctional electronic online database. The functionalities, such as the search terminology, the procedures to fill and update the database, the access rules to enter the database, as well as the maintenance roles, were defined in a multistep participatory feedback loop with EUnetHTA Partners.Results: The POP Database has become an online database that hosts not only the titles and MeSH categorizations, but also some basic information on status and contact details about the listed projects of EUnetHTA Partners. Currently, it stores more than 1,200 planned, ongoing or recently published projects of forty-three EUnetHTA Partners from twenty-four countries. Because the POP Database aims to facilitate collaboration, it also provides a matching system to assist in identifying similar projects. Overall, more than 10 percent of the projects in the database are identical both in terms of pathology (indication or disease) and technology (drug, medical device, intervention). In addition, approximately 30 percent of the projects are similar, meaning that they have at least some overlap in content.Conclusions: Although the POP DB is successful concerning regular updates of most national HTA agencies within EUnetHTA, little is known about its actual effects on collaborations in Europe. Moreover, many non-nationally nominated HTA producing agencies neither have access to the POP DB nor can share their projects.
ENDPOINTS FOR RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT (REA) OF PHARMACEUTICALS
Authors: Pavlovic Mira , Teljeur Conor , Wieseler Beate , Klemp Marianne , Cleemput Irina , Neyt Mattias 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: Clinical endpoints are defined as valid measures of clinical benefit or harm due to treatment, that describe the impact of treatment on how a patient feels, functions, and survives. The choice of endpoints and the manner in which they are reported have a major impact on the relative effectiveness assessment (REA) of pharmaceuticals. The aim of this article is to describe the guideline development process and the key findings that set a framework for appropriate use of endpoints in REAs in Europe.Methods: A multi-health technology assessment (HTA)-agency collaborative process in EUnetHTA JA1 was used to scope, draft, and finalize methodological guidelines for REA in Europe.Results: Patient-relevant clinical endpoints can be broadly categorized into: mortality, morbidity and health-related quality of life. A clinical endpoint is a main symptom or sign of a disease that is clinically relevant, valid, reproducible and responsive to change. Preference is for long-term or final endpoints whenever possible. Surrogate endpoints may be used when there is compelling evidence of a clear and consistent correlation of treatment effects on the surrogate and final outcome of interest.Conclusions: The relevance and hierarchy of the different types of clinical endpoints depend on the research question, disease, and the treatment investigated. Not only the primary endpoint, but also other relevant endpoints are assessed in comparison to adequate comparator(s). This simultaneous assessment of all relevant endpoints is a hallmark of REA.