bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD analysis of a hydraulic valve for cavitating flow
Authors: Dutta A. , Goyal P. , Singh R. K. , Ghosh A. K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA successful design of high pressure hydraulic valves requires a thorough analysis of both velocity and pressure fields, with the aim of improving the geometry to avoid cavitation. Cavitation behavior prediction of hydraulic valves and its associated performance drop is of high interest for the manufacturers and for the users. The paper presents a CFD analysis of the flow inside a high pressure hydraulic valve. First, the analysis was carried out without using cavitation model (single phase). It was observed that absolute pressure was going below the vapor pressure. Hence, it was required to turn on the cavitation model. This model enables formation of vapor from liquid when the pressure drops below the vaporization pressure. Since the cavitation bubble grows in a liquid at low temperature, the latent heat of evaporation can be neglected and the system can be considered isothermal. Under these conditions the pressure inside the bubble remains practically constant and the growth of the bubble radius can be approximated by the simplified Rayleigh equation. For typical poppet valve geometry, ½ of computational domain is assumed, with pressure inlet and outlet boundary conditions, and a steady flow solution is computed. Because of the highly complex geometry of the hydraulic valve, the computational domain was meshed using unstructured grids using tetrahedral cells only. The paper presents a numerical investigation of the flow inside a hydraulic valve using commercial CFD code CFD-ACE. The aim of the study is to provide a good basis for future designing of the hydraulic valve. The result indicated the cavitation zones which in turn suggest needs of modification of present geometry.
Early ultrasound therapy for rehabilitation after zone II flexor tendon repair
Authors: Geetha Krishnamurthy , Hariharan Narayanan Chandramouli , Mohan Jagannathan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: In our Institute, most of the patients treated for hand injuries were industrial workers with poor compliance. For rehabilitation after zone II flexor tendon repair, we had tried various early mobilization protocols. As these protocols demanded a degree of commitment from the patients, our results were suboptimal. Hence, to improve the results, we implemented a new rehabilitation protocol by administering the pulsed ultrasound therapy during the early phase of tendon healing. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study done over a period of five years from January 2008 to January 2013. A total of 100 patients and 139 digits with zone II flexor tendon injuries were studied. After randomization, we administered pulsed ultrasound therapy of different frequencies and intensities for a total of 72 patients and 99 digits and formulated three groups. The results of ultrasound treated cases were compared with each other and with the results of cases treated by immobilization protocol. The results were analyzed using ‘Original Strickland’ criteria. Results: 72% excellent-good results in ultrasound (Group 1) protocol, 75% excellent-good results in ultrasound (Group 2) protocol, and 77% excellent-good results in ultrasound (Group 3) protocol were achieved. There was no case of rupture in the first two groups. The rupture rate was 7% in ultrasound (Group 3) protocol. Only 25% excellent-good results were obtained in the immobilization protocol. Conclusion: After zone II flexor tendon repair, pulsed ultrasound therapy during the early rehabilitation phase is safe and effective. The results are comparable to early mobilization protocols.
Total upper eyelid reconstruction by single staged malar-cheek flap
Authors: Ahuja Rajeev B. , Chatterjee Pallab , Gupta Gaurav K. , Shrivastava Prabhat 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe report a case of total upper eyelid reconstruction by a new technique after excision of an eyelid tumour. The eyelid was reconstructed by a horizontal, laterally based flap from just under the lower eyelid combined with a chondro-mucosal graft from the nasal septum. Surgical outcome was an excellent aesthetically reconstructed eyelid, which was mobile and properly gliding on the globe to achieve complete eye closure.
Resolution of concomitant Achromobacter xylosoxidans burn wound infection without adjustment of antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Ng Zhi Yang , Fang George , Leo Kah Woon 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is part of an emerging group of Gram negative bacterial infections with potentially severe sequelae, especially in the immunocompromised population such as burn patients. While antimicrobial therapy for patients with A. xylosoxidans bacteremia has been reported, the literature is scarce with regard to treatment in patients with positive tissue cultures only. Herein, we report our institution’s experience with such a case and a brief review of the current literature on this micro-organism in the setting of non-bacteremic infection.
Efficacy of Prophylactic Clonidine in Preventing Postanesthetic Shivering in Laparoscopicassisted Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Goswami Sebanti , Chattopadhyay Suman , Rudra Amitava 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective
Postanesthetic shivering occurs in up to 60% of patients following general anesthesia and is associated with deleterious consequences. Various drugs have been used to prevent or treat postanesthetic shivering, but the ideal one has not yet been found. In this study, we have studied the efficacy of prophylactic clonidine in preventing postanesthetic shivering.

Meterials and methods
Sixty ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I and II patients scheduled for laparoscopicassisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) were randomly allocated to receive either clonidine 2 μg.kg—1 (group C, n = 30) or normal saline (group S, n = 30) intravenously at the time of vault closure. Core body temperature (nasopharyngeal) along with NIBP, heart rate and ECG were monitored at regular intervals. The severity of shivering was assessed according to a five-point scale (0 to 4).

Results
Significantly less shivering occurred in clonidine group 5 (17%) compared to normal saline group 20 (67%). The recovery time (between end of anesthesia and extubation) was significantly longer in the clonidine group (12.5 ± 4.3 minutes) compared with normal saline group (8.0 ± 4.5 minutes). Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the clonidine group compared with saline group.

Conclusion
Prophylactic clonidine is effective in the prevention of postanesthetic shivering. Following clonidine administration, the recovery time was prolonged and incidence of bradycardia and hypotension were more than placebo.

How to cite this article
Chattopadhyay S, Goswami S, Rudra A. Efficacy of Prophylactic Clonidine in Preventing Postanesthetic Shivering in Laparoscopic-assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3): 120-123.
Evaluation of the Scoring Systems to Differentiate between Benign and Malignant Adnexal Masses in a Tertiary Care Center, Pune
Authors: Chaudhari Shilpa Nitin , Deshpande Poorva Niteen , Gupta Priyanka Rohit , Warty Tanvi Rajeev , Bhikane Devika Bharat 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the scoring systems to differentiate between benign and malignant adnexal masses.

Methods
It is a prospective study carried on 60 women at a tertiary care center. Transabdominal ultrasonography and color Doppler was done and women were followed till resolution of symptoms. Gold standard for diagnosis of adenexal masses was histopathological examination of specimen or fluid cytology.

Results
Efficacy of Sassone scoring system for diagnosing malignant tumors sensitivity 75%, specificity 90.91%, positive predictive value 75%, negative predictive value 90.91% and an accuracy of 86.67%. Efficacy of De Priest scoring system sensitivity 66.67%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 92.31% and an accuracy of 93.33%. Efficacy of Ferrazzi scoring system sensitivity 75%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 91.67%, and an accuracy of 93.33%. Efficacy of alcazar scoring system sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%, Positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 100%, and an accuracy of 100%.

Conclusion
Alcazar scoring system was found to be more sensitive and specific than other available scoring systems.

How to cite this article
Chaudhari SN, Deshpande PN, Gupta PR, Warty TR, Bhikane DB. Evaluation of the Scoring Systems to Differentiate between Benign and Malignant Adnexal Masses in a Tertiary Care Center, Pune. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):135-138.
The Archbishop and the Lord Chief Justice:
Authors: Harmes Marcus 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Senior members of the English Church became involved in cases of possession and dispossession in the later sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. They sought to exonerate women accused of witchcraft, and their involvement led to the disproving of the efficacy of dispossessions performed by anti-episcopal ministers. Although a number of bishops intervened in witchcraft cases, this work was most assiduously carried out by Richard Bancroft, the Bishop of London and later the Archbishop of Canterbury. In doing so, Bancroft came head to head against the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Sir Edmund Anderson, and more broadly against judges and justices of the peace who accepted the veracity of cases of possessions and accusations of bewitchment. Particular cases therefore reveal themselves as occasions where episcopacy and judiciary clashed. However, these should not be read as cases of the Church versus the law. The Church was part of the law, in terms of contemporary understandings of the origin of divine positive law. But the cases do suggest that episcopal actions against dispossessing ministers created opportunities to propagandize against the episcopate and the justice it delivered via the High Commission. Accordingly, Bancroft became involved in these cases because they were opportunities for bishops to assert the authority of their order and the High Commission against their opponents' polemic, and they were a means to articulate the scope of episcopal authority.
The Saturnine History of Jews and Witches
Authors: Owens Yvonne 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Scholarship on fifteenth- and sixteenth-century discourses of witchcraft has not focused to any great degree on the connection between the persecution of Jews and that of witches in Germany during this period, though the construction of Jews as Saturn-ruled, melancholic, phlegmatic, and physiologically toxic contributed much to the debates on witches. Typed according to similar figures of “pollution,” Jews and witches were subjected to similar court procedures and suffered comparable “cleansings,” tests, and tortures at the hands of the Inquisition. This article argues that such concepts of the “polluted blood” of women, witches, Jews, and effeminate men may have influenced the witchcraft iconography of the sixteenth-century artist of Strasbourg, Hans Baldung Grien (1484/86–1545).
The Late Lancashire Witches:
Authors: Pearson Meg 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
In The Late Lancashire Witches (1634) Thomas Heywood and Richard Brome depict witches and their work as intelligible, even mundane parts of a society replete with community rituals and ceremonies. In the county of Lancashire depicted in the play, one may find gallants hunting (1.1, 2.4), gentlemen dining and drinking together (1.1, 2.2, 4.5), an elaborate wedding featuring a feast and dancing (3.1, 3.3), and a skimmington ride to mock the conjugal mishaps of the couple married earlier (4.3). The presence of so many community rituals establishes the play's setting in Lancashire, a region that was notorious for its traditionalism due to its significant recusant community and proclivity for older festive practices, such as Morris dances and maypoles. By showing this community already employing a number of traditional practices, several of which are deployed to manage local problems, the playwrights argue that this community—which includes witches—functions perfectly well. Through the depiction of so many festive gatherings in their witch play, Heywood and Brome interrogate the hegemony and exclusion that so often defines witchcraft plays. Instead, The Late Lancashire Witches reveals how the chaos of witchcraft may be incorporated into social coherence.
Facebook et le phénomène des cougars1
Authors: Aoun Rania 
Published: March 2014

Après avoir été représentée au grand écran (cinéma) et à la télévision (séries), la figure des femmes cougars envahit maintenant les pages du réseau socionumérique Facebook. Dès lors, l’image médiatique confirme un véritable phénomène social. Or, les sociétés américaines et nord-américaines vivent déjà l’apogée de ce phénomène (qui regroupe également les MILF) qui désigne les femmes aînées qui fréquentent de jeunes hommes.
L’étude de la figure des femmes cougars sur Facebook permettra de comprendre ce phénomène, où vieillesse, sexualité et féminité s’entrelacent. Par ailleurs, au-delà de leurs portraits médiatisés sur Facebook, les femmes cougars révèlent un « état » de la vieillesse chez les femmes de nos sociétés actuelles et incitent au questionnement, dans une perspective féministe, sur le rapport que ces femmes entretiennent avec le vieillissement, à travers leurs corps et leur sexualité.
De l’acceptation à la résistance
Authors: Wallach Isabelle 
Published: March 2014

S’inscrivant dans la continuité des recherches sur la perception du corps des femmes âgées, dans un contexte sociétal marqué par le sexisme et l’âgisme, l’auteure examine les attitudes de 14 femmes âgées de 50 ans et plus vivant avec le VIH devant les transformations de leur apparence. L’analyse des discours met en lumière une diversité d’attitudes allant de l’acceptation à la dépréciation des changements corporels. L’auteure considère les facteurs influant sur cette variabilité d’attitudes, tout en pointant le rôle joué par la perception du vieillissement, l’importance accordée à l’apparence et aux normes de beauté, l’expérience du VIH et la vie intime.
Le changement social et la rhétorique traditionaliste
Authors: Martin Hélène 
Published: March 2014

Basée sur une recherche de terrain menée de 2002 à 2006 à Agadir (Maroc), cet article se développe autour de la question suivante : comment comprendre qu’une rhétorique traditionaliste (un appel à la tradition) contribue à encourager et à légitimer l’entrepreneuriat féminin (à valoriser le changement social)? Au cours des années 2000, en effet, l’entrepreneuriat féminin a émergé socialement en étant renvoyé à des valeurs considérées comme à la fois féminines et traditionnelles. Présenté comme une réponse possible à une « crise » sociale, vue telle une crise des « valeurs culturelles », il a été opposé à différentes figures d’« hommes démissionnaires ». Cependant, les positions des entrepreneures dans la hiérarchie sociale, à savoir leurs différentes conditions d’existence, les plaçaient dans des rapports différenciés, plus ou moins transgressifs, à l’égard du travail et des valeurs « traditionnelles » qui légitimaient généralement l’entrepreneuriat féminin. L’auteure montre ainsi que les actrices et les acteurs aménagent la tradition et instrumentalisent des catégories identitaires, tout en s’inscrivant de manière contrastée dans des rapports sociaux structurants.
Representative regional sampling of carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in hemiboreal headwater streams reveal underestimates in less systematic approaches
Authors: Wallin Marcus B. , Löfgren Stefan , Erlandsson Martin , Bishop Kevin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBoreal headwater streams have been identified as hot spots for evasion of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study was the first to systematically determine the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in hemiboreal headwater streams. The use of a headspace sampling method focusing on GHGs in combination with a statistically representative selection of more than 200 streams across two regions in Sweden was the basis for defining the base flow concentrations of CO2 and CH4. All streams were supersaturated relative to the atmosphere in CO2 and the majority in CH4 for the 82% of streams in which CH4 was detected. The spatial variability in both CO2 and CH4 was high but positively related to total organic carbon, mean annual temperature, and proportion of peatland in the catchment. There were, however, regional differences in the spatial controls, which are something that predictive models need to consider. The data set allowed for comparison between a headspace and an alkalinity‐based method for determining CO2. More than 50% of the streams contained no alkalinity which made the alkalinity‐based determination of CO2 impossible. In addition, half of the streams with alkalinity had alkalinities low enough (<0.07 meq L−1) to make the CO2 determination very uncertain. The streams with low pH and no alkalinity contained median CO2 concentrations that were 45% higher than the streams containing alkalinity. Therefore, large‐scale generalizations about CO2 in such headwaters will be significantly underestimated if (1) headwaters are underrepresented and (2) the headwaters are sampled but CO2 is calculated from their alkalinity.
Intra‐annual variability of organic carbon concentrations in running waters: Drivers along a climatic gradient
Authors: Winterdahl Mattias , Erlandsson Martin , Futter Martyn N. , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Bishop Kevin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTrends in surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations have received considerable scientific interest during recent decades. However, intra‐annual DOC variability is often orders of magnitude larger than long‐term trends. Unraveling the controls on intra‐annual DOC dynamics holds the key to a better understanding of long‐term changes and their ecological significance. We quantified and characterized intra‐annual DOC variability and compared it with long‐term DOC trends in 136 streams and rivers, varying in size and geographical characteristics, across a 1400 km latitudinal gradient during 2000–2010. Discharge, temperature, and month of the year were the most significant predictors of intra‐annual DOC variability in a majority of the running waters. Relationships between DOC, discharge, and temperature were, however, different along a mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient. Running waters with low MAT generally displayed positive DOC‐discharge correlations whereas the relationships in sites with higher MAT were more variable. This reflected contrasting relationships between temperature and discharge with discharge positively correlated with temperature in cold areas, while it was negatively correlated with temperature in catchments with higher MAT. Sites where flow, temperature, and month were poorly related to intra‐annual DOC dynamics were large catchments or sites with extensive upstream lake cover. DOC trends were generally much smaller than intra‐annual DOC variability and did not show any north‐south gradient. Our findings suggest that DOC in running waters could respond to a changing climate in ways not predictable, or even discernible, from extrapolation of recent interannual trends.
Bayesian multimodel estimation of global terrestrial latent heat flux from eddy covariance, meteorological, and satellite observations
Authors: Yao Yunjun , Liang Shunlin , Li Xianglan , Hong Yang , Fisher Joshua B. , Zhang Nannan , Chen Jiquan , Cheng Jie , Zhao Shaohua , Zhang Xiaotong , Jiang Bo , Sun Liang , Jia Kun , Wang Kaicun , Chen Yang , Mu Qiaozhen , Feng Fei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAccurate estimation of the satellite‐based global terrestrial latent heat flux (LE) at high spatial and temporal scales remains a major challenge. In this study, we introduce a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method to improve satellite‐based global terrestrial LE estimation by merging five process‐based algorithms. These are the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LE product algorithm, the revised remote‐sensing‐based Penman‐Monteith LE algorithm, the Priestley‐Taylor‐based LE algorithm, the modified satellite‐based Priestley‐Taylor LE algorithm, and the semi‐empirical Penman LE algorithm. We validated the BMA method using data for 2000–2009 and by comparison with a simple model averaging (SA) method and five process‐based algorithms. Validation data were collected for 240 globally distributed eddy covariance tower sites provided by FLUXNET projects. The validation results demonstrate that the five process‐based algorithms used have variable uncertainty and the BMA method enhances the daily LE estimates, with smaller root mean square errors (RMSEs) than the SA method and the individual algorithms driven by tower‐specific meteorology and Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological data provided by the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), respectively. The average RMSE for the BMA method driven by daily tower‐specific meteorology decreased by more than 5 W/m2 for crop and grass sites, and by more than 6 W/m2 for forest, shrub, and savanna sites. The average coefficients of determination (R2) increased by approximately 0.05 for most sites. To test the BMA method for regional mapping, we applied it for MODIS data and GMAO‐MERRA meteorology to map annual global terrestrial LE averaged over 2001–2004 for spatial resolution of 0.05°. The BMA method provides a basis for generating a long‐term global terrestrial LE product for characterizing global energy, hydrological, and carbon cycles.
Macroporous Ceramics by Gelation–Freezing Route Using Gelatin
Authors: Fukushima Manabu , Yoshizawa Yu‐ichi , Ohji Tatsuki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews an advanced methodology for macroporous ceramic components, that can create nearly honeycomb shaped pore channels, unlike either ellipsoidal or dendritic or lamellar structures obtained via conventional freeze casting. Three main technological features have been discussed in terms of (i) honeycomb shaped morphologies, (ii) relationship between carefully selected freezing conditions, and cell properties generated, (iii) the engineering applications. This simple, ecofriendly, and versatile approach tailors porous architecture with engineered porosity and yields macro‐cellular component with distinctive characteristics suitable for a variety of industrial applications.