bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloaking of a vertical cylinder in waves using variable bathymetry
Authors: Porter R. , Newman J. N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe paper describes a process which allows a vertical circular cylinder subject to plane monochromatic surface gravity waves to appear invisible to the far-field observer. This is achieved by surrounding the cylinder with an annular region of variable bathymetry. Two approaches are taken to investigate this effect. First a mild-slope approximation is applied to the governing linearised three-dimensional water wave equations to formulate a depth-averaged two-dimensional wave equation with varying wavenumber over the variable bathmetry. This is then solved by formulating a domain integral equation, solved numerically by discretisation. For a given set of geometrical and wave parameters, the bathymetry is selected by a numerical optimisation process and it is shown that the scattering cross-section is reduced towards zero with increasing refinement of the bathymetry. A fully three-dimensional boundary-element method, based on the WAMIT solver (see www.wamit.com) but adapted here to allow for depressions in the bed, is used to assess the accuracy of the mild-slope results and then further numerically optimise the bathymetry towards a cloaking structure. Numerical results provide strong evidence that perfect cloaking is possible for the fully three-dimensional problem. One practical application of the results is that cloaking implies a reduced mean drift force on the cylinder.
Generating controllable velocity fluctuations using twin oscillating hydrofoils: experimental validation
Authors: Harding S. F. , Payne G. S. , Bryden I. G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA method for generating controllable two-dimensional velocity fluctuations using two pitching foils was derived theoretically in a previous companion paper. The present work describes the experimental implementation of the method. The experiments are carried out in a re-circulating water channel optimised to provide low turbulence intensity in the incoming flow. Velocities are measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The pitching motions of the foils are position-controlled using a closed-loop control system. Two velocity fluctuation patterns are investigated. They consist of a combination of sinusoidal components. Theoretical predictions and experimental measurements are compared in the time and frequency domain. Although some discrepancies are observed, the agreement is generally good and therefore validates the theoretical method for the conditions investigated.
Direct numerical simulation of pattern formation in subaqueous sediment
Authors: Kidanemariam Aman G. , Uhlmann Markus 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present results of direct numerical simulation of incompressible fluid flow over a thick bed of mobile spherically shaped particles. The algorithm is based upon the immersed-boundary technique for fluid–solid coupling and uses a soft-sphere model for the solid–solid contact. Two parameter points in the laminar flow regime are chosen, leading to the emergence of sediment patterns classified as ‘small dunes’, while one case under turbulent flow conditions leads to ‘vortex dunes’ with significant flow separation on the lee side. The wavelength, amplitude and propagation speed of the patterns extracted from the spanwise-averaged fluid–bed interface are found to be consistent with available experimental data. The particle transport rates are well represented by available empirical models for flow over a plane sediment bed in both the laminar and the turbulent regimes.
Spillover Effects among Financial Institutions: A State-Dependent Sensitivity Value-at-Risk Approach
Authors: Adams Zeno , Füss Roland , Gropp Reint 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a state-dependent sensitivity value-at-risk (SDSVaR) approach that enables us to quantify the direction, size, and duration of risk spillovers among financial institutions as a function of the state of financial markets (tranquil, normal, and volatile). For four sets of major financial institutions (commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, and insurance companies), we show that while small during normal times, equivalent shocks lead to considerable spillover effects in volatile market periods. Commercial banks and, especially, hedge funds appear to play a major role in the transmission of shocks to other financial institutions.
Association of synchronous medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas with primary hyperparathyroidism: first case report and literature review
Authors: Cheung L , Howlett D , El Teraifi H , Kirkland P 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:We report a case of a patient with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism who was found, through a thorough radiological investigation, to also have papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas.Case report:A 59-year-old female was diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. A further radiological investigation found suspicious areas within both thyroid lobes that were later diagnosed as foci of papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Appropriate treatment was commenced. Reports of similar occurrences of synchronous thyroid and parathyroid pathologies are discussed.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of two synchronous thyroid cancers occurring in the context of primary hyperparathyroidism. We strongly recommend a thorough radiological investigation of all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to prevent missing concurrent thyroid cancers.
Outcomes and cost benefits of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in severely asthmatic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Al Badaai Y , Valdés C J , Samaha M 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the outcomes (using validated outcome tools) and cost benefits of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in a population of severely asthmatic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted. The study comprised consecutive patients diagnosed with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis for whom medical treatment had failed and who were scheduled for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. General health and disease-specific outcome questionnaires were completed pre- and post-operatively. Costs associated with both functional endoscopic sinus surgery and out-patient visits to a comprehensive asthma clinic were calculated.Results:A total of 47 patients completed the surveys. The average improvement in Chronic Sinusitis Survey scores following functional endoscopic sinus surgery was 17 per cent. The average reduction in out-patient asthma clinic visits was 50 per cent, which translates to an average cost saving of $1035 Canadian dollars per patient per year.Conclusion:Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a cost-effective treatment modality for asthmatic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. This information is important for: the distribution and planning of resources, prioritising health programmes, and establishing practice guidelines.
Of Pongo, palms and perceptions: a multidisciplinary assessment of Bornean orang-utans Pongo pygmaeus in an oil palm context
Authors: Ancrenaz Marc , Oram Felicity , Ambu Laurentius , Lackman Isabelle , Ahmad Eddie , Elahan Hamisah , Kler Harjinder , Abram Nicola K. , Meijaard Erik 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe oil palm industry is blamed for the demise of iconic species such as the orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus in Borneo but production of, and demand for, this commodity continue to expand. Therefore, a better understanding of how the orang-utan is adapting to human-transformed environments is crucial for conserving the species. Results from a combination of repeated ground transects, aerial presence/absence surveys, and interviews of workers in mature plantations of the lower Kinabatangan River floodplain (eastern Sabah) provide an overall picture of the current status of orang-utans in an established agro-industrial oil palm landscape. Our results show that orang-utans disperse into mature plantations, use oil palm trees for nesting, and feed on mature fruits. Most oil palm workers report orang-utans of all age–sex classes within the estates but fail to report any negative effect of the animals on productivity of mature palms ≥5 years. Our surveys also show that orang-utan presence in the mature oil palm landscape is correlated with proximity to natural forest patches. These results suggest that forest patches, even when small, fragmented and degraded, are required to sustain the species in human-transformed landscapes. Homogenous oil palm plantations are incompatible with viable populations of orang-utans. The cessation of further forest conversion to agriculture and the enforcement of better management practices are needed to reduce the threat of oil palm development to orang-utan survival.
The Supply and Movement of Denarii in Roman Britain
Authors: Creighton John 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHoards of denarii are common in Britain and the number which have been recorded in detail means that it is now possible to suggest reasonably accurately what a ‘normal’ hoard of a particular date should look like. That being the case, we can then look for variation around that norm and both investigate and speculate what that variation means. A methodology is developed which suggests periods of faster and less rapid coin circulation which has implications for consideration of monetisation. The model also enables us to view where denarii entered circulation; unsurprisingly the army looms large in this picture. The methodology is directly transferable to other provinces and other periods where there are long-lived, relatively stable monetary systems.
Worldwide incidence of cervical lesions: a systematic review
Authors: TING J. , ROSITCH A. F. , TAYLOR S. M. , RAHANGDALE L. , SOETERS H. M. , SUN X. , SMITH J. S. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYWe conducted a systematic review summarizing data on incidence of high- and low-grade lesions in women with normal baseline cervical cytology, stratified by age (<30 and ⩾30 years), and baseline human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Incidence of high- and low-grade lesions in women aged ⩾30 years with a baseline HPV infection increased over follow-up time (5–127 months), although incidence generally remained <10%. Without baseline HPV infection, incidence of high-grade lesions remained low over follow-up time (<5% over 5–122 months). Incidence of high-grade lesions in women aged ⩾30 years with baseline HPV infection appeared similar to that in women aged <30 years. In some women aged <30 years, high-grade lesions can develop relatively shortly after initial HPV infection. We observed an increase in low-grade lesions over time in women aged ⩾30 years with baseline HPV infection, potentially indicative of an HPV infection that is potentially progressing to higher grade lesions.
Welche Faktoren beeinflussen Abbrüche in der Heimerziehung–welche Bedeutung haben limitierte prosoziale Fertigkeiten?
Authors: Schmid Marc , Dölitzsch Claudia , Pérez Tania , Jenkel Nils , Schmeck Klaus , Kölch Michael , Fegert Jörg M. 
Published: May 2014

Über 20 % der stationären Jugendhilfemaßnahmen werden ungeplant beendet. Um Hilfe- und Beziehungsabbrüche vermeiden zu können, ist es wichtig, Jugendliche, welche die Jugendhilfe in besonderem Maße herausfordern, frühzeitig zu identifizieren, und besser zu verstehen, welche Faktoren das Risiko eines Abbruches erhöhen. Psychische Belastungen, Traumata, eine „Jugendhilfe-Karriere”, Delinquenz und psychopathische Persönlichkeitszüge gelten als Risikofaktoren für einen negativen Verlauf, weshalb sie in dieser Studie gezielt erfasst wurden. In einer Stichprobe von 497 Bewohnern Schweizer sozialpädagogischer Institutionen im Alter von 6 bis 26 Jahren wurden Teilnehmer mit und ohne irregulärem Maßnahmenende mittels uni- und multivariater Analyseverfahren miteinander verglichen. Sowohl univariate Analysen als auch eine binär logistische Regressionsanalyse ergaben, dass neben dem Alter vor allem psychopathische Persönlichkeitseigenschaften der zentrale Prädiktor für einen Abbruch der stationären Maßnahme sind. Das relative Risiko, die Maßnahme irregulär zu beenden, ist bei Teilnehmern mit auffällig hohen Werten auf Skalen, die psychopathische Eigenschaften erfassen, im Vergleich zu Teilnehmern mit durchweg unauffälligen Psychopathie-Werten um das Zwei- bis Dreifache erhöht. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse sollten spezifische pädagogische, milieu- und psychotherapeutische Konzepte für Jugendliche mit limitierten prosozialen Fertigkeiten entwickelt und evaluiert werden. Zudem sollten die Jugendlichen gezielt einem Screening unterzogen werden, um sicherzustellen, dass diese Persönlichkeitszüge im Rahmen der Hilfeplanung adäquat berücksichtigt werden können.
Zeptomole Detection of C-Reactive Protein in Serum by a Nanoparticle Amplified Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Aptasensor
Authors: Vance Stephen A. , Sandros Marinella G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDiagnostic biomarkers (i.e. proteins) are often in low abundance in bodily fluids presenting many challenges for their detection. In order to extend the application of SPRi systems in detecting biomarkers at ultralow levels, we combine the advantage of aptamer technology with nanomaterials and microwave-assisted surface functionalization. By implementing a sandwich assay through the introduction of aptamer-modified quantum dots (QDs), it was possible to measure 7 zeptomole (at 5 fg/mL) of C-reactive protein (CRP) selectively in spiked human serum. It is expected that the proposed platform will provide new direction in designing ultrasensitive SPRi biosensors with multiplexing capabilities.
Secret lifestyles of Neurospora crassa
Authors: Kuo Hsiao-Che , Hui Sun , Choi Jaeyoung , Asiegbu Frederick O. , Valkonen Jari P. T. , Lee Yong-Hwan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNeurospora crassa has a long history as an excellent model for genetic, cellular and biochemical research. Although this fungus is known as a saprotroph, it normally appears on burned vegetations or trees after forest fires. However, due to a lack of experimental evidence, the nature of its association with living plants remains enigmatic. Here we report that Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a host plant for N. crassa. The endophytic lifestyle of N. crassa was found in its interaction with Scots pine. Moreover, the fungus can switch to a pathogenic state when its balanced interaction with the host is disrupted. Our data reveal previously unknown lifestyles of N. crassa, which are likely controlled by both environmental and host factors. Switching among the endophytic, pathogenic and saprotrophic lifestyles confers upon fungi phenotypic plasticity in adapting to changing environments and drives the evolution of fungi and associated plants.
On‐chip Blumlein pulse generator
Authors: Sun Jiwei , Wang Pingshan 
Published: May 2014

A CMOS Blumlein generator including a two‐stacked‐metal–oxide semiconductor field effect transistor high‐voltage switch, a Blumlein pulse‐forming‐line (PFL) network and an on‐chip Klophenstein taper is presented. The Klophenstein taper is used to convert the high‐impedance load to 50 Ω. The Blumlein pulse generator is fabricated in a 0.13 µm CMOS process. Gaussian‐like pulses of 725 mV peak‐to‐peak amplitude, ∼126 ps duration and 3.18 GHz bandwidth are measured on a 50 Ω load (including the losses of the probes, cables and pads). After de‐embedding the connection system and Klophenstein taper, the pulses of 1.88 V and 114 ps duration are obtained, which are higher than the rated operating power supply of the given process.
Cascaded three‐phase pulse‐width modulated switched voltage source inverter
Authors: Odeh Charles I. , Agu Vincent N. , Goshwe Nentawe 
Published: May 2014

A cascaded three‐phase pulse‐width modulated (PWM) switched voltage source inverter topology is proposed. Each of the two cascaded units in a phase‐leg is an H‐bridge, whose switch legs are separated by a switched capacitor and a diode. Three upper H‐bridges in this inverter configuration have separate dc inputs; whereas the lower three H‐bridges share a common dc input. A single‐carrier, multilevel PWM scheme is employed to generate the gating signals for the power switches. The implemented modulation scheme is hybridised to enable the output voltage of the proposed inverter configuration inherit the features of switching‐loss reduction from fundamental PWM, and good harmonic performance from multiple sinusoidal PWM. A sequential switching scheme is embedded with the already employed hybrid modulation in order to overcome unequal switching losses. Furthermore, a simple base PWM circulation scheme is also introduced to get a resultant sequential switching hybrid PWM circulation that balances power dissipation among the two cascaded power modules. The proposed inverter configuration was subjected to an R–L load. Fast Fourier transform analyses of the output voltage waveforms gave total harmonic distortion value of 12.64%. Simulations and experiments are carried out on a 4.89 kW rated prototype of the proposed inverter.
Existing cardiomyocytes generate cardiomyocytes at a low rate after birth in mice
Authors: Ali Shah R. , Hippenmeyer Simon , Saadat Lily V. , Luo Liqun , Weissman Irving L. , Ardehali Reza 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The nature of postnatal cardiomyogenesis in mammals remains in dispute. Here, we provide cell-level evidence for the birth of cardiomyocytes in newborn and adult mice. Our clonal analysis, based on the mosaic analysis with double markers mouse model, shows that cardiomyocytes are the parent cell of origin of cardiomyocytes that are generated postnatally. Our findings confirm that limited, symmetric division of cardiomyocytes is a rare phenomenon in the mouse heart after birth.
Facile synthesis of the cyclohexane fragment of enacloxins, a series of antibiotics isolated from Frateuria sp. W-315
Authors: Saito Aki , Igarashi Wataru , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Yamada Teiko , Kuwahara Shigefumi , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
An efficient and good yield synthesis of the cyclohexane moiety of enacyloxins, a series of antibiotics isolated from Frateuria sp. W-315, was achieved from d-quinic acid using a successive Barton–McCombie deoxygenation.
CAVER Analyst 1.0: graphic tool for interactive visualization and analysis of tunnels and channels in protein structures
Authors: Kozlikova Barbora , Sebestova Eva , Sustr Vilem , Brezovsky Jan , Strnad Ondrej , Daniel Lukas , Bednar David , Pavelka Antonin , Manak Martin , Bezdeka Martin , Benes Petr , Kotry Matus , Gora Artur , Damborsky Jiri , Sochor Jiri 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Summary: The transport of ligands, ions or solvent molecules into proteins with buried binding sites or through the membrane is enabled by protein tunnels and channels. CAVER Analyst is a software tool for calculation, analysis and real-time visualization of access tunnels and channels in static and dynamic protein structures. It provides an intuitive graphic user interface for setting up the calculation and interactive exploration of identified tunnels/channels and their characteristics.
Availability and Implementation: CAVER Analyst is a multi-platform software written in JAVA. Binaries and documentation are freely available for non-commercial use at http://www.caver.cz .
Contact: jiri@chemi.muni.cz or sochor@fi.muni.cz
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Asian Versus Non-Asian Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A North American Population-based Analysis
Authors: Hamilton Sarah N. , Ho Cheryl , Laskin Janessa , Zhai Yongliang , Mak Paul , Wu Jonn 
Published: May 2014

Objectives:
The effect of ethnicity on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) outcomes is unclear. This retrospective analysis examines survival and the impact of concurrent chemoradiation (chemoRT) among Asian and non-Asian patients.

Methods:
Subjects included 380 consecutive patients with NPC treated at a Canadian institution from 2000 to 2009. Five-year Kaplan-Meier progression-free survival (PFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between Asian (n=279) and non-Asian (n=101) subjects. Multivariable analysis was performed using Cox regression modeling. Two-variable interaction terms with concurrent chemoRT were used to examine whether concurrent chemoRT conferred different effects among subgroups.

Results:
Asian subjects presented with earlier stage (P=0.005), were younger, had better performance status, and were less likely smokers (all P<0.001). Survival among Asian versus non-Asian subjects with stage I/II NPC were: PFS 68% versus 59% (P=0.04), DSS 87% versus 77% (P=0.08), and OS 84% versus 74% (P=0.003). Corresponding rates with stage III/IVA/IVB disease were PFS 49% versus 42% (P=0.12), DSS 72% versus 46% (P=0.001), and OS 70% versus 44% (P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, Asian ethnicity, age below 65 years, ECOG performance status 0-1, early stage, staging MRI use, and concurrent chemoRT were associated with improved DSS and OS (P<0.05). On testing interactions with concurrent chemoRT, Asian versus non-Asian ethnicity was significant (hazard ratio 3.9), suggesting that concurrent chemoRT conferred more benefit among non-Asian compared with Asian subjects.

Conclusions:
In this population-based study, Asian ethnicity was associated with improved DSS and OS. Concurrent chemoRT conferred more benefit among non-Asian compared with Asian subjects.
Higher gene expression variability in the more aggressive subtype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ecker Simone , Pancaldi Vera , Rico Daniel , Valencia Alfonso 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundChronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) presents two subtypes which have drastically different clinical outcomes. So far, these two subtypes are not associated to clear differences in gene expression profiles. Interestingly, recent results have highlighted important roles for heterogeneity, both at the genetic and at the epigenetic level in CLL progression.ResultsWe propose to use gene expression variability across patients to investigate differences between the two CLL subtypes. We find that the most aggressive type of this disease shows higher variability of gene expression across patients and we elaborate on this observation to produce a method that classifies patients into clinical subtypes. Finally, we find that, overall, genes that show higher variability in the aggressive subtype are related to cell cycle, development and inter-cellular communication, probably related to faster progression of this disease subtype.ConclusionsThere are strong relations between disease subtype and gene expression variability linking significantly increased expression variability to phenotypes such as aggressiveness and resistance to therapy in CLL.