bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the physicochemical and dielectric properties of natural polymer using graphene nanoplatelet as filler
Authors: Maity Saurav Kumar , Tyagi Uplabdhi , Bisht Prashant , Sirohi Sidhharth , Pani Balaram , Kumar Gulshan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBio‐based flexible dielectric substrates have gained tremendous attention for their potential to reduce environmental risks from nonbiodegradable electronic waste. The present study demonstrates the fabrication of facile, nontoxic, and biodegradable chitosan‐based flexible dielectric substrate using graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as a nanofiller. The detailed impact of different concentrations of GNP (1, 2, and 3 wt%) into the chitosan (CS) matrix was studied on physicochemical, morphological, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The fabricated CS/GNP composites showed improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and electrical properties compared with unmodified CS film. The composites exhibited excellent thermal stability (200°C) with a promising biodegradation rate (within 6 days). The mechanical strength of the unmodified CS film was increased unequivocally with 2 wt% GNP loading with tensile strength of 23.56 Mpa. Furthermore, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic curves for CS/GNP (2%) and CS/GNP (3%) showed similar current conduction and ohmic behavior in flat, bending, and flat‐after‐bending modes. The dielectric measurements revealed that the CS/GNP composite with 2 wt% filler exhibited optimal performance having permittivity (έ) of 32.71 (at 102 Hz) with low dielectric loss of 0.04 (at 106 Hz). These results suggest that the dielectric films offer strong prospects as an eco‐friendly alternative for various applications.Highlights
Biodegradable chitosan‐based flexible dielectric films were prepared.
Films were made using a simple solvent casting method with 1–3 wt% GNP filler.
Optimum physicochemical and electrical properties were seen at 2 wt% GNP.
CS/GNP (2%) film exhibited ohmic behavior in both flat and bending modes.
Excellent dielectric properties were achieved at 2 wt% GNP filler.
Introducing Diels‐Alder reaction with carbon nanotubes for the enhanced repair performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt
Authors: Zhang Fenglei , Han Dongdong , Xu Ning , Cui Xing , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEpoxy asphalt, a thermosetting polymer, is characterized by stable, irreversible internal chemical bonds that prevent recovery and spontaneous micro‐crack healing, unlike conventional asphalt. This study introduces a renewable nano‐modifier synthesized via esterification of carboxyl‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐COOH) and furfuryl alcohol (FA), termed CNTs‐FA. The successful synthesis of CNTs‐FA was confirmed through various microscopic techniques. Integrating CNTs‐FA into epoxy asphalt materials, the optimal dosage was identified as 0.05% of the total epoxy asphalt mass using tensile tests and fluorescence microscopy. Thermal reversible effects and mechanisms were further analyzed through multiple regeneration cycles using tensile properties, fluorescence microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The study elucidates that the thermal reversibility in epoxy asphalt is facilitated by the Diels‐Alder (DA) reaction between the conjugated diene structure in FA and the curing agent oleylamine. This research provides an effective solution to the non‐recoverability and unrepairable micro‐cracks of traditional epoxy asphalt mixtures.Highlights
CNTs‐FA was successfully prepared by esterification reaction.
Using nano modification methods, introduce DA reaction into curing system.
Renewable function of epoxy asphalt by DA reversible reaction.
Causal association of metabolic syndrome with chronic kidney disease progression: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Guo Qitong , Chen Meiling , Yu Yihang , Li Ping , Huang Xu , Shen Lianju , Long Chunlan , Liu Xing , Lin Tao , He Dawei , Wei Guanghui , Zhang Deying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch from the past has indicated a link between the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is yet unknown. Nevertheless, exactly how the dynamic process of declining renal function and metabolic syndrome are related. The study's purpose is to evaluate the causal relationship between MetS and the deterioration in kidney function using a Mendelian randomization (MR). Univariable and multivariable MR were applied to evaluate the causal relationships between MetS and its components with Rapid3, CKDi25, and CKD. The main source of MetS data was the GTC database, whose constituents came from extensive genome‐wide association research. The CKDGen Consortium provided data on dynamic changes in kidney function. Preliminary analysis was conducted using five different statistical techniques, including Inverse Variance Weighting and Weighted Median. Rucker's Q, MR‐Egger, and Cochran's Q test were used in sensitivity studies. In order to address reverse causality, the Steiger test was used. The IVW results showed Rapid3, CKDi25, and CKD all exhibited positive correlations with MetS. Rapid3, CKDi25, and CKD were found to have a positive causal relationship with SBP and WC, while DBP was also linked to an increased risk of Rapid3 and CKDi25. Even after accounting for other variables, MVMR analysis showed a correlation between WC and the drop in kidney function indices. MetS, together with its constituents WC, SBP, and DBP, are separate risk factors for the deterioration of renal function. However, the causal relationship between FBG, HDL, TG, and the decline in kidney function indicators remains uncertain.
A phase 2a study investigating the effects of ritlecitinib on brainstem auditory evoked potentials and intraepidermal nerve fiber histology in adults with alopecia areata
Authors: Anderson Samira , Cavaletti Guido , Hood Linda J. , Polydefkis Michael , Herrmann David N. , Rance Gary , King Brett , McMichael Amy J. , Senna Maryanne M. , Kim Brian S. , Napatalung Lynne , Wolk Robert , Zwillich Samuel H. , Schaefer Gregor , Gong Yankun , Sisson Melanie , Posner Holly B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReversible axonal swelling and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) changes were observed in standard chronic (9‐month) toxicology studies in dogs treated with ritlecitinib, an oral Janus kinase 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family kinase inhibitor, at exposures higher than the approved 50‐mg human dose. To evaluate the clinical relevance of the dog toxicity finding, this phase 2a, double‐blind study assessed BAEP changes and intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) histology in adults with alopecia areata treated with ritlecitinib. Patients were randomized to receive oral ritlecitinib 50 mg once daily (QD) with a 4‐week loading dose of 200 mg QD or placebo for 9 months (placebo‐controlled phase); they then entered the active‐therapy extension and received ritlecitinib 50 mg QD (with a 4‐week loading dose of 200 mg in patients switching from placebo). Among the 71 patients, no notable mean differences in change from baseline (CFB) in Waves I–V interwave latency (primary outcome) or Wave V amplitude on BAEP at a stimulus intensity of 80 dB nHL were observed in the ritlecitinib or placebo group at Month 9, with no notable differences in interwave latency or Wave V amplitude between groups. The CFB in mean or median IENF density and in percentage of IENFs with axonal swellings was minimal and similar between groups at Month 9. Ritlecitinib treatment was also not associated with an imbalanced incidence of neurological and audiological adverse events. These results provide evidence that the BAEP and axonal swelling finding in dogs are not clinically relevant in humans.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba extracts for the improvement of cognitive function in middle‐aged and elderly people
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Xin , Zheng Jianheng , Li Gang , Yang Binrui , He Anli , Liu Hongyue , Liang Yingzhen , Wang Wen’ an , Du Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMild cognitive impairment poses an increasing challenge to middle‐aged and elderly populations. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs like Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba (CG) have been proposed as potential agents to improve cognitive and memory functions. A randomized controlled trial involving 100 Chinese middle‐aged and elderly participants was conducted to investigate the potential synergistic effects of CG on cognitive function in individuals at risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Over 90 days, both CG group and placebo group received two tablets daily, with each pair of CG tablets containing 72 mg echinacoside and 27 mg flavonol glycosides. Cognitive functions were assessed using multiple scales and blood biomarkers were determined at baseline, Day 45, and Day 90. The CG group exhibited significant improvements in the scores of Mini‐Mental State Examination (26.5 at baseline vs. 27.1 at Day 90, p < 0.001), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (23.4 at baseline vs. 25.3 at Day 90, p < 0.001), and World Health Organization Quality of Life (81.6 at baseline vs. 84.2 at Day 90, p < 0.001), all surpassing scores in placebo group. Notably, both the Cognitrax matrix test and the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised demonstrated enhanced memory functions, including long‐term and delayed memory, after CG intervention. Moreover, cognitive‐related blood biomarkers, including total tau, pT181, pS199, pT231, pS396, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone, significantly decreased, whereas triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine significantly increased. No treatment‐related adverse events were reported, and routine blood and urine tests remained stable. These findings indicated that CG supplementation could potentially serve as an effective supplementary solution for enhancing cognitive and memory functions.
Association of risk assessment at diagnosis with healthcare resource utilization and health‐related quality of life outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Lawrie Allan , Hamilton Neil , Wood Steven , Exposto Fernando , Muzwidzwa Ruvimbo , Raiteri Louise , Beaudet Amélie , Muller Audrey , Sauter Rafael , Pillai Nadia , Kiely David G. ,   ASPIRE Consortium
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and survival for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), stratified by 1‐year mortality risk at diagnosis. Adults diagnosed with PAH at the Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit between 2012 and 2019 were included. Patients were categorized as low, intermediate, or high risk for 1‐year mortality at diagnosis. Demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, HCRU, costs, HRQoL, and survival were analyzed. Overall, 1717 patients were included: 72 (5%) at low risk, 941 (62%) at intermediate risk, and 496 (33%) at high risk. Low‐risk patients had lower HCRU prediagnosis and 1‐year postdiagnosis than intermediate‐ or high‐risk patients. Postdiagnosis, there were significant changes in HCRU, particularly inpatient hospitalizations and accident and emergency (A&E) visits among high‐risk patients. At 3 years postdiagnosis, HCRU for all measures was similar across risk groups. Low‐risk patients had lower EmPHasis‐10 scores (indicating better HRQoL) at diagnosis and at 1‐year follow‐up compared with intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients; only the score in the high‐risk group improved. Median overall survival decreased as risk category increased in analyzed subgroups. Low‐risk status was associated with better 1‐year survival and HRQoL compared with intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients. HCRU decreased in high‐risk patients postdiagnosis, with the most marked reduction in A&E admissions. The pattern of decreased per‐patient inpatient hospitalizations and A&E visits at 3 years postdiagnosis suggests that a diagnosis of PAH helps to decrease HCRU in areas that are key drivers of costs.
A modular model for reliability analysis model of PMS with multiple K/N subsystems and mixed shocks
Authors: Wang Weijie , Li Xiangyu , Xiong Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, a modular model is proposed for the reliability modeling of phased mission systems (PMSs) with complicated system behaviors. By the modular method, the system is divided into several levels: system, subsystem, and components. At the component level, the shock effect, including self‐degradation, additional wear and damage caused by shocks, is considered and the component reliability is evaluated. Then, the reliability modeling method of the K/N system consisting of multiple K/N subsystems is proposed, by a mathematics reasoning method. The correctness of the proposed method is also verified by a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation procedure. At last, the modular method is applied at the system level, and the reliability of a practical engineering case, the attitude and orbit control system (AOCS), is evaluated for illustration. Meanwhile, the parameter sensitivity analysis is also carried out for implementation.
Phosphorus‐Based Polymeric Flame Retardants – Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Singh Indresh , Sivaramakrishna Akella 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmong the various fire‐retardants (FRs) known, phosphorus is vital to the development of effective FRs due to its flexibility. Additionally, the additives and combinations of phosphorus with various multicomponent moieties (e. g. P−Si, P−P, P−B, etc.) can serve the purpose in different phases to improve flame retardance properties. With an increased cognizance of recyclable, eco‐friendly, and bio‐based materials, phosphine oxide‐based materials/coatings can fulfill the criteria for flawless and future FRs. In this regard, the present review highlights the most promising organophosphorus‐based compositions as non‐intrusive FRs. The classification, synthetic methods, related mechanisms, and high‐end FR applications of various recently developed organophosphorus‐based molecules and materials are demonstrated. Among various organophosphorus compounds, the phosphorus‐based polyurethane materials display remarkable FR properties and non‐toxic behavior. Notably, the flame retardance of the epoxy resins is enhanced significantly with the presence of more P=O bonds and amino groups. The limitations and advantages of organophosphorus‐based materials are compared with the traditional FRs. Also, the challenges persisting in improving current flame‐retardant materials need to be addressed. However, the success of these materials and treatment methods strongly depends on the ability to impart desired functionality, durability, and scalability without compromising environmental problems.
Optimal Oxophilicity at the Fe‐Nx Interface Enhances the Generation of Singlet Oxygen for Efficient Fenton‐Like Catalysis
Authors: Fan Yafei , Chu Menghui , Li Haibin , Sun Zhaoli , Kong Dezhi , Yao Jianfei , Wang Guo , Wang Yifeng , Zhu Huai‐Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the pursuit of efficient singlet oxygen generation in Fenton‐like catalysis, the utilization of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) emerges as a highly desired strategy. Here, a discovery is reported that the single‐atom Fe coordinated with five N‐atoms on N‐doped porous carbon, denoted as Fe‐N5/NC, outperform its counterparts, those coordinated with four (Fe‐N4/NC) or six N‐atoms (Fe‐N6/NC), as well as state‐of‐the‐art SACs comprising other transition metals. Thus, Fe‐N5/NC exhibits exceptional efficacy in activating peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of organic pollutants. The coordination number of N‐atoms can be readily adjusted by pyrolysis of pre‐assembly structures consisting of Fe3+ and various isomers of phenylenediamine. Fe‐N5/NC displayed outstanding tolerance to environmental disturbances and minimal iron leaching when incorporated into a membrane reactor. A mechanistic study reveals that the axial ligand N reduces the contribution of Fe‐3d orbitals in LUMO and increases the LUMO energy of Fe‐N5/NC. This, in turn, reduces the oxophilicity of the Fe center, promoting the reactivity of *OO intermediate—a pivotal step for yielding singlet oxygen and the rate‐determining step. These findings unveil the significance of manipulating the oxophilicity of metal atoms in single‐atom catalysis and highlight the potential to augment Fenton‐like catalysis performance using Fe‐SACs.
Semantic similarity loss for neural source code summarization
Authors: Su Chia‐Yi , McMillan Collin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure for and evaluation of using a semantic similarity metric as a loss function for neural source code summarization. Code summarization is the task of writing natural language descriptions of source code. Neural code summarization refers to automated techniques for generating these descriptions using neural networks. Almost all current approaches involve neural networks as either standalone models or as part of a pretrained large language models, for example, GPT, Codex, and LLaMA. Yet almost all also use a categorical cross‐entropy (CCE) loss function for network optimization. Two problems with CCE are that (1) it computes loss over each word prediction one‐at‐a‐time, rather than evaluating a whole sentence, and (2) it requires a perfect prediction, leaving no room for partial credit for synonyms. In this paper, we extend our previous work on semantic similarity metrics to show a procedure for using semantic similarity as a loss function to alleviate this problem, and we evaluate this procedure in several settings in both metrics‐driven and human studies. In essence, we propose to use a semantic similarity metric to calculate loss over the whole output sentence prediction per training batch, rather than just loss for each word. We also propose to combine our loss with CCE for each word, which streamlines the training process compared to baselines. We evaluate our approach over several baselines and report improvement in the vast majority of conditions.
Wearable and Multiplexed Biosensors based on Oxide Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Ren Huihui , Zhang Siyu , Li Dingwei , Tang Yingjie , Chen Yitong , Wang Yan , Liu Guolei , Li Fanfan , Liu Lihua , Huang Qi , Xing Lixiang , Chen Xiaopeng , Wang Juan , Zhu Bowen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWearable sensors designed for continuous, non‐invasive monitoring of physicochemical signals are important for portable healthcare. Oxide field‐effect transistor (FET)‐type biosensors provide high sensitivity and scalability. However, they face challenges in mechanical flexibility, multiplexed sensing of different modules, and the absence of integrated on‐site signal processing and wireless transmission functionalities for wearable sensing. In this work, a fully integrated wearable oxide FET‐based biosensor array is developed to facilitate the multiplexed and simultaneous measurement of ion concentrations (H+, Na+, K+) and temperature. The FET‐sensor array is achieved by utilizing a solution‐processed ultrathin (≈6 nm thick) In2O3 active channel layer, exhibiting high compatibility with standard semiconductor technology, good mechanical flexibility, high uniformity, and low operational voltage of 0.005 V. This work provides an effective method to enable oxide FET‐based biosensors for the fusion of multiplexed physicochemical information and wearable health monitoring applications.
Overfeeding copper during rearing affects the liver function and fertility of replacement dairy heifers
Authors: McCaughern James H. , Mackenzie Alexander M. , Bleach Emma C. L. , Sinclair Liam A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOversupply of dietary copper (Cu) is common among UK dairy herds, but studies on the long‐term outcomes of this oversupply are scarce.MethodsA longitudinal study was undertaken to determine the long‐term implications when 80 Holstein‒Friesian heifers with a mean (±standard error) age of 4.1 ± 0.1 months and a mean liveweight of 137 ± 2.4 kg were fed a recommended (R; 16 mg/kg dry matter [DM]) or high (H; 32 mg/kg DM) dietary Cu concentration until 6 weeks prior to calving.ResultsHepatic Cu concentrations in both treatment groups were elevated into the ranges used to diagnose chronic Cu toxicity in cattle at 6.9 months of age (798 ± 46.4 mg/kg DM for H vs. 643 ± 35.4 mg/kg DM for R), with associated evidence of liver damage. Hepatic Cu concentrations then returned to normality but remained higher (p < 0.001) for heifers fed H than for those fed R and were associated with a reduced (p = 0.044) conception rate to first and second services (73.7 ± 8.05% for H vs. 91.2 ± 7.68% for R).LimitationThis retrospective analysis identified pre‐study liver damage, which may have affected results.ConclusionsSupplying Cu in excess of requirements resulted in liver damage and reduced conception rates.
Well-posedness for a class of pseudo-differential hyperbolic equations on the torus
Authors: Cardona Duván , Delgado Julio , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we establish the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for a class of pseudo-differential hyperbolic equations on the torus. The class considered here includes a space-like fractional order Laplacians. By applying the toroidal pseudo-differential calculus we establish regularity estimates, existence and uniqueness in the scale of the standard Sobolev spaces on the torus.
Aqp4a and Trpv4 mediate regulatory cell volume increase for swimming maintenance of marine fish spermatozoa
Authors: Castro-Arnau Júlia , Chauvigné François , Toft-Bertelsen Trine L. , Finn Roderick Nigel , MacAulay Nanna , Cerdà Joan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVolume regulation is essential for cell homeostasis and physiological function. Amongst the sensory molecules that have been associated with volume regulation is the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), which is a non-selective cation channel that in conjunction with aquaporins, typically controls regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Here we show that the interaction between orthologous AQP4 (Aqp4a) and TRPV4 (Trpv4) is important for regulatory volume increase (RVI) in post-activated marine fish spermatozoa under high osmotic stress. Based upon electrophysiological, volumetric, and in vivo and ex vivo functional experiments using the pharmacological and immunological inhibition of Aqp4a and Trpv4 our model suggests that upon ejaculation and exposure to the hypertonic seawater, spermatozoon shrinkage is initially mediated by water efflux through Aqp1aa in the flagellar tail. The shrinkage results in an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and the activation of sperm motility and a Na+/K+/2Cl− (NKCC1) cotransporter. The activity of NKCC1 is required for the initiation of cell swelling, which secondarily activates the Aqp4a-Trpv4 complex to facilitate the influx of water via Aqp4a-M43 and Ca2+ via Trpv4 and L-type channels for the mediation of RVI. The inhibitory experiments show that blocking of each of these events prevents either shrinkage or RVI. Our data thus reveal that post-activated marine fish spermatozoa are capable of initiating RVI under a high hypertonic stress, which is essential for the maintenance of sperm motility.