bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automatic vision‐based malaria diagnosis system
Authors: VINK J.P. , LAUBSCHER M. , VLUTTERS R. , SILAMUT K. , MAUDE R.J. , HASAN M.U. , DE HAAN G. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMalaria is a worldwide health problem with 225 million infections each year. A fast and easy‐to‐use method, with high performance is required to differentiate malaria from non‐malarial fevers. Manual examination of blood smears is currently the gold standard, but it is time‐consuming, labour‐intensive, requires skilled microscopists and the sensitivity of the method depends heavily on the skills of the microscopist.We propose an easy‐to‐use, quantitative cartridge‐scanner system for vision‐based malaria diagnosis, focusing on low malaria parasite densities. We have used special finger‐prick cartridges filled with acridine orange to obtain a thin blood film and a dedicated scanner to image the cartridge. Using supervised learning, we have built a Plasmodium falciparum detector. A two‐step approach was used to first segment potentially interesting areas, which are then analysed in more detail. The performance of the detector was validated using 5 420 manually annotated parasite images from malaria parasite culture in medium, as well as using 40 cartridges of 11 780 images containing healthy blood.From finger prick to result, the prototype cartridge‐scanner system gave a quantitative diagnosis in 16 min, of which only 1 min required manual interaction of basic operations. It does not require a wet lab or a skilled operator and provides parasite images for manual review and quality control. In healthy samples, the image analysis part of the system achieved an overall specificity of 99.999978% at the level of (infected) red blood cells, resulting in at most seven false positives per microlitre. Furthermore, the system showed a sensitivity of 75% at the cell level, enabling the detection of low parasite densities in a fast and easy‐to‐use manner. A field trial in Chittagong (Bangladesh) indicated that future work should primarily focus on improving the filling process of the cartridge and the focus control part of the scanner.
Stroke in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I
Authors: Rao Neal M. , Yallapragada Anil , Winden Kellen D. , Saver Jeffrey , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 27‐year‐old man with a history of previously undiagnosed renal disease that presented with multiple cerebrovascular infarctions. Workup for traditional causes of cerebrovascular infarction including cardiac telemetry, multiple echocardiograms, and hypercoagulative workup was negative. However, a transcranial Doppler detected circulating microemboli at the rate of 14 per hour. A serum oxalate level greater than the supersaturation point of calcium oxalate was detected, providing a potential source of the microemboli. Furthermore, serial imaging recorded rapid mineralization of the infarcted territories. In the absence of any proximal vessel irregularities, atherosclerosis, valvular abnormalities, arrhythmias, or systemic shunt as potential stroke etiology in this patient, we propose that circulating oxalate precipitate may be a potential mechanism for stroke in patients with primary oxalosis.
Advanced Neuroimaging Studies in a Patient with Brain Metastases from Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Choi Yoon J. , Gabikian Patrik , Zhu Fang , Appelbaum Daniel E. , Wollmann Robert , Lukas Rimas V. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe differential diagnosis in single or oligo‐brain lesions in metastatic cancer patients remains broad. Advanced imaging studies can be employed to help refine the differential and potentially guide treatment.METHODSCase report of a 52‐year‐old male patient with known transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder presented with headaches, cognitive symptoms, and episodic presyncope. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and octreotide scans were performed to evaluate the underlying etiology of his symptoms.RESULTSMRI revealed two enhancing mass lesions in left temporal and left cerebellar locations. Both lesions were octreotide avid and MRS of the temporal lesion showed a single large lipid peak at 1.3 ppm, a small NAA peak, and a markedly increased choline:creatine ratio that was relatively characteristic for metastases. Pathology from surgical resection revealed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.CONCLUSIONSResection of both lesions revealed metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. This is the first report of octreotide scan characteristics in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma with central nervous system (CNS) metastases. The octreotide avidity of these transitional cell CNS metastases suggests the presence of somatostatin receptors that may be considered as a potential therapeutic target.
Situational judgment tests: The influence and importance of applicant status and targeted constructs on estimates of Black–White subgroup differences
Authors: Roth Philip L. , Bobko Philip , Buster Maury A. 
Published: April 2013

Situational judgment tests (SJTs) have become popular in recent years. Yet, there is little research on how the constructs targeted within SJTs influence standardized ethnic group differences. Further, most research in this area is subject to differential range restriction concerns that hinder understanding of the role of constructs. We report on scale‐level data from four jobs in which SJTs were part of the first major hurdle of selection, thus providing an analysis of how constructs might relate to standardized group differences when range restriction concerns are minimized. Results indicate that cognitively saturated scales were associated with d values of 0.56 and 0.76, while interpersonal items were associated with d values of 0.07, 0.20, and 0.50. Based on the obtained ds, we simulated hiring and obtained adverse impact ratios to help interpret these values of d for decision‐makers. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of examining constructs and gathering data at the applicant level of analyses when attempting to understand SJT d values (and any associated adverse impact).Practitioner points

The constructs targeted by SJTs may influence ethnic group differences, such that cognitively‐related items/scales may lead to larger group differences than scales targeting interpersonal skills.

It can be useful to compare SJT ds based on both job applicant samples and targeted constructs during test development and during consideration of alternative predictors.
I spy with my little eye something beginning with O: looking at what the myth of ‘doing the observations’ means in mental health nursing culture
Authors: Holyoake D.‐D. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summary
This paper uses ethnographic research conducted in psychiatric in‐patient settings to explore the phenomenon of observation.
The discussion uses a post‐structural frame to offer an alternative analysis and rethinking about what the performance of observing could and might mean in psychiatric nursing culture.
The traditional aim of viewing observation as a task to keep clients safe is juxtaposed against the possibility that it is the psychiatric culture (which subjects both the carer and the cared for) that is actually doing the observing.
The justification of observation beyond the analysis of keeping clients safe is negotiated by the way nurses observe one another and are themselves observed by psychiatric culture to ensure validated representation and performance.
AbstractThose who are familiar with psychiatric inpatient settings will be aware of the expressions ‘doing the obs’, ‘being on checks’ and ‘special observations’. That is because the task of observing patients is seen as being pivotal to the mental health nursing role. This paper describes an ethnographic research project that offers a rethinking of psychiatric observation. The author uses data from an ethnographic research project to provide an examination of the structure, process and outcome of this seemingly straightforward nursing task and explores how ‘doing the obs’ has additional symbolic and cultural meaning similar to what Barthes terms myth. The symbolic connotations are numerous and wide‐ranging and expose a practice that could be said to punctuate daily activities and an ordering of relationships between nurses and services users. The classic sociological issues of status, power and containment are all relevant, yet rethought. The use of ethnographic research allowed the author to focus on the more symbolic cultural dynamics and develop five initial ethnographic themes concerning the constituting experience of watching and being watched.
Clinical parameters predictive of outcomes in sorafenib‐treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cho Ju‐Yeon , Paik Yong‐Han , Lim Ho Yeong , Kim Young Gon , Lim Hyo Keun , Min Yang Won , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon , Yoo Byung Chul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSorafenib is an orally active multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, clinical parameters that may predict the treatment outcomes in sorafenib‐treated advanced HCC patients remains unknown.MethodsA total of 99 advanced (BCLC C) HCC patients treated with sorafenib as an initial treatment modality from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival was the primary endpoint for the analysis. Various clinical parameters including tumour stage and adverse effects to sorafenib were analysed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to identify clinical parameters predictive of the effect of sorafenib.ResultsThere were 86 males and 13 females included in this study, with a median age of 53 years. The median overall survival was 91 days. Sixty‐nine patients had Child‐Pugh class A cirrhosis and 30 patients had Child‐Pugh class B cirrhosis. Hepatitis B virus was the predominant cause of HCC (75.8%). Noted adverse effects were hand‐foot syndrome, diarrhoea, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea and stomatitis. The presence of hand‐foot syndrome and diarrhoea and the absence of portal vein thrombosis and lymph node metastasis predicted a better overall survival in the multivariate analysis. Excluding the absence of lymph node metastasis, the same parameters were associated with a longer radiological time to progression.ConclusionAdvanced HCC patients treated with sorafenib who experienced hand‐foot syndrome and diarrhoea showed better overall survival than patients without these side effects. These side effects may be used as clinical parameters predictive of sorafenib response in patients with HCC.
The evolutionary history of Xiphophorus fish and their sexually selected sword: a genome‐wide approach using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing
Authors: Jones Julia C. , Fan Shaohua , Franchini Paolo , Schartl Manfred , Meyer Axel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are now key tools in the detection of population genomic and gene expression differences in a large array of organisms. However, so far few studies have utilized such data for phylogenetic estimations. Here, we use NGS data obtained from genome‐wide restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) (∼66000 SNPs) to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among all 26 species of swordtail and platyfish (genus Xiphophorus) from Central America. Past studies, both sequence and morphology‐based, have differed in their inferences of the evolutionary relationships within this genus, particularly at the species‐level and among monophyletic groupings. We show that using a large number of markers throughout the genome, we are able to infer the phylogenetic relationships with unparalleled resolution for this genus. The relationships among all three major clades and species within each of them are highly resolved and consistent under maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony. However, we also highlight the current cautions with this data type and analyses. This genus exhibits a particularly interesting evolutionary history where at least two species may have arisen through hybridization events. Here, we are able to infer the paternal lineages of these putative hybrid species. Using the RAD‐marker‐based tree we reconstruct the evolutionary history of the sexually selected sword trait and show that it may have been present in the common ancestor of the genus. Together our results highlight the outstanding capacity that RAD sequencing data has for resolving previously problematic phylogenetic relationships, particularly among relatively closely related species.
Prolonged stimuli alter the bacterial chemosensory clusters
Authors: Frank Vered , Vaknin Ady 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe clustering of membrane‐bound receptors plays an essential role in various biological systems. A notable model system for studying this phenomenon is the bacterial chemosensory cluster that allows motile bacteria to navigate along chemical gradients in their environment. While the basic structure of these chemosensory clusters is becoming clear, their dynamic nature and operation are not yet understood. By measuring the fluorescence polarization of tagged receptor clusters in live Escherichia coli cells, we provide evidence for stimulus‐induced dynamics in these sensory clusters. We find that when a stimulus is applied, the packing of the receptors slowly decreases and that the process reverses when the stimulus is removed. Consistent with these physical changes we find that the effective cooperativity of the kinase response slowly evolves in the presence of a stimulus. Time‐lapse fluorescence imaging indicates that, despite these changes, the receptor clusters do not generally dissociate upon ligand binding. These data reveal stimulus‐dependent plasticity in chemoreceptor clusters.
Comparative in vitro fungicidal activity of echinocandins against Candida albicans in peritoneal dialysis fluids
Authors: Tobudic Selma , Forstner Christina , Schranz Heidelinde , Poeppl Wolfgang , Vychytil Andreas , Burgmann Heinz 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe peritoneal dialysis (PD)‐associated peritonitis caused by fungi is a relatively rare, but very serious disease. PD fluids (PDFs) affect inhibitory efficacy on the microorganisms' growth, which may compromise the affectivity of some antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the fungicidal effectiveness of echinocandins in diverse PDFs. The fungicidal efficacy of caspofungin (CAS), anidulafungin (ANA), micafungin (MYC) against five clinical isolates of Candida albicans was studied in the different PDFs using time‐kill curves. As control substance amphotericin B was used. Echinocandins showed slower and reduced killing of C. albicans in PDFs when compared with the time‐kill curves in control bouillon. At concentration of 8 × minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) the greatest reduction in the growth of C. albicans was seen by ANA in lactate‐buffered Nutrineal PD4® with 1.1% amino acid (2.33 ± 0.52 log10 CFU ml−1), and by CAS and MYC in lactate‐buffered Dianeal PD4® with 1.36% glucose (2.36 ± 0.89 log10 CFU ml−1 and 2.36 ± 0.99 log10 CFU ml−1 respectively). Using high concentration of 128 × MIC echinocandins achieved fungicidal effect in all PDFs. PDFs may significantly impair the activities of echinocandins, but fungicidal activity of drugs can be achieved at high concentration of 128 × MIC.
A population‐based study of associations between functional gastrointestinal disorders and psychosocial characteristics in Xi'an, China
Authors: Xu J.‐R. , Shang L. , Si W.‐L. , Song Y. , Wang Y. , Ma J.‐L. , Liu J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are disorders with chronic and recurring gastrointestinal symptoms. This study investigated the prevalence of FGIDs, assessed the association between FGIDs and psychosocial factors, and identified potential risk factors for FGIDs in a population in Xi'an, China.MethodsOf 752 recruited residents in Xi'an, 720 were selected for an epidemiological survey using a cluster sampling method. All subjects were interviewed face‐to‐face to complete the Chinese version of ROME III FGIDs questionnaire, the Symptom Check‐List‐90, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, a Life Event Scale, and a questionnaire regarding personal childhood adversity. The prevalence of FGIDs and associations between FGIDs and psychosocial factors were determined using EpiData Software. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the potential risk factors for FGIDs.Key ResultsThe prevalence of FGIDs in this sample population was 14.3% (103/720). There were 13 (1.8%) cases of overlap of different FGIDs. No significant difference in the prevalence of FGIDs was observed between men and women. Alcohol intake and smoking habits were significantly associated with the presence of FGIDs. The presence of FGIDs was significantly associated with psychological factors and influences such as personality type, life events, childhood adversity, and psychopathology. The potential risk factors for contracting FGIDs were certain life events, childhood adversity, somatization, and a hostile affect (P < 0.001).Conclusions & InferencesThe prevalence of FGIDs and overlap syndrome in Xi'an, China was lower than that reported in other countries. There was a strong correlation between specific lifestyle habits and psychosocial characteristics and the presence of FGIDs.
A Potential Autocrine Role for Interferon Tau in Ovine Trophectoderm
Authors: Wang X‐L , Wang K , Han G‐C , Zeng S‐M 
Published: April 2013

ContentsInterferon tau (IFNT), a type I IFN produced by the conceptus trophectoderm, is the signal for maternal pregnancy recognition in ruminants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether IFNT effected on the proliferation of ovine trophectoderm cells in an autocrine manner. Elongated ovine conceptuses (Days 15, Day 0 = day of mating) were collected for isolation of mononuclear ovine trophectoderm (oTr‐1) cells, and conceptuses (Days 15 and 20, n = 4 and 3, respectively) were collected for RNA extraction. We demonstrated that the IFNT receptor, IFNAR1, was expressed in trophectoderm of day 15 and 20 conceptuses. Interestingly, the ovine trophectoderm cell line oTr‐1 cultured in the presence of recombinant bovine IFNT (rbIFNT) displayed increased expressions of IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs), such as IFN‐stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), 2‐5‐oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2). Meanwhile, the presence of rbIFNT in the culture media could promote the cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the connective tissue growth factor, which has diverse functions in cell proliferation and is involved in conceptus elongation, was upregulated in oTr‐1 cell by rbIFNT treatment in vitro. These data indicated that IFNT could act as an autocrine factor to regulate trophectoderm cell proliferation.
Constructing Emotional and Relational Understanding: The Role of Mother–Child Reminiscing about Negatively Valenced Events
Authors: Laible Deborah , Panfile Murphy Tia , Augustine Mairin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAlthough there is some evidence from cross‐sectional studies that reminiscing is an important context in which children construct socioemotional understanding, longitudinal evidence is lacking. The goal of this study was to examine longitudinally the links between the quality of reminiscing at 42 months and children's subsequent socioemotional development at 48 months. At 42 months, mothers and children reminisced about a past negatively‐valenced emotional event. These conversations were coded for maternal elaboration, the children's contribution and engagement, and the degree to which meaning was co‐constructed by the dyad. At 42 and 48 months, children took part in laboratory measures of socioemotional development. Whereas there were few links between concurrent reminiscing quality and sociomoral development, aspects of reminiscing quality at 42 months (including children's engagement and the dyad's co‐construction of meaning) were related to children's emotional understanding, empathy, representations of relationships, and moral‐self at 48 months. This study provides some of the first longitudinal evidence that reminiscing conversations are linked with children's subsequent sociomoral understanding.
How much is it going to cost me to complete a collection of football trading cards?
Authors: Gerke Oke 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTrading cards for various sports and a range of other subjects such as architecture, animals, hobbies, and war have been in existence since the late nineteenth century and still enjoy great popularity. Two of the most prominent examples are baseball cards in the U.S. and football cards in Europe. Three strategies for collecting European football trading cards were investigated for two different groups: either a single collector or two collectors joining forces. An activity is proposed in which students use a simulation to compute the factor by which the number of trading cards bought exceeds the number to be collected. This enables them to estimate the expected costs of completing a collection of trading cards. The overall expected costs vary considerably, depending on the strategy used. Savings for a team of two collectors as opposed to a single collector are indicated.
Visceral varicella zoster virus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Doki N. , Miyawaki S. , Tanaka M. , Kudo D. , Wake A. , Oshima K. , Fujita H. , Uehara T. , Hyo R. , Mori T. , Takahashi S. , Okamoto S. , Sakamaki H. ,   The Kanto Study Group for Cell Therapy
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionVaricella zoster virus (VZV) disease is one of the major infectious complications that can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Many reports have shown visceral VZV infection, a special type of VZV disease, to be rare. However, few studies so far have included a large number of patients.FindingsVisceral VZV infection was found in 20 (0.8%) of 2411 patients who underwent allo‐HSCT at our hospitals. Seventeen (85%) patients were taking immunosuppressive agents at the time of presentation with zoster. The presenting symptom was abdominal pain in 16 patients (80%), unconsciousness in 3 patients (15%), and no symptoms in 1 patient. The mean time interval from allo‐HSCT to symptomatic visceral VZV infection was 273 days (103–800 days). The eruptions appeared within 3 days (0–13) after the first symptoms. Treatment with intravenous acyclovir was initiated before the appearance of eruptions in 3 of 18 patients (all 3 survived) with vesicular eruptions, the same day in 12 patients (11 survived, 1 died), and after the appearance in 3 patients (1 survived, 2 died). The overall mortality was 20%.ConclusionIn conclusion, these data confirm that the incidence of visceral VZV infection is infrequent, but this disease is serious. When patients being treated with immunosuppressive agents demonstrate abdominal pain or unconsciousness, the possibility of visceral VZV infection should be considered as well as earlier therapeutic intervention.