bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of the Foodtexture Puff Device for Rheological Characterization of Viscous Food Products
Authors: Morren Sofie , Van Dyck Tim , Mathijs Frank , Luca Stijn , Cardinaels Ruth , Moldenaers Paula , De Ketelaere Bart , Claes Johan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Foodtexture Puff Device (FPD) is a noncontact rheological measurement device, which applies an air pulse on the sample and measures the subsequent deformation of the sample surface with a laser distance sensor. The deformation behavior is considered as a measure for the rheological properties of the sample. The applicability of this device was studied for use on viscous food products with a broad range of rheological characteristics. In this study, sugar and fat‐based systems with a viscosity range of respectively 0.001–6.1 Pa.s and 0.01–5.9 Pa.s were tested. Comparison of the FPD with classical rheological analyses showed that the maximum deformation created by the FPD is strongly correlated to the viscosity. Hence, the FPD is well suited for measurements on sugar‐based and fat‐based systems. It is capable of providing accurate, noncontact, fast, easy and nondestructive rheological measurements on food products.Practical ApplicationsThe FPD is a new, noncontact rheological measurement device that can be used for a wide range of food products, including sugar solutions, fruit purees and concentrates, oils and fats, molten chocolate, batter, soft pastry, among others. Furthermore, more solid food products like dough can be measured accurately. The device outputs a displacement signal over time from which information can be extracted. For simple behaviors, this can be performed based on one or a few characteristic values derived from the signal. For more complex foodstuff, the signal as a whole can be used, and techniques such as partial least squares can be used to create a calibration curve that translates the full displacement signal over time into the desired rheological values. Seen the fact that measurement time is short, the FPD is suitable for in‐line as well as for R&D applications and can replace classical devices that are often time consuming and require sample preparation.
Introgressive hybridization: brown bears as vectors for polar bear alleles
Authors: Hailer Frank 
Published: March 2015

The dynamics and consequences of introgression can inform about numerous evolutionary processes. Biologists have therefore long been interested in hybridization. One challenge, however, lies in the identification of nonadmixed genotypes that can serve as a baseline for accurate quantification of admixture. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Cahill et al. (2015) analyse a genomic data set of 28 polar bears, eight brown bears and one American black bear. Polar bear alleles are found to be introgressed into brown bears not only near a previously identified admixture zone on the Alaskan Admiralty, Baranof and Chichagof (ABC) Islands, but also far into the North American mainland. Elegantly contrasting admixture levels at autosomal and X chromosomal markers, Cahill and colleagues infer that male‐biased dispersal has spread these introgressed alleles away from the Late Pleistocene contact zone. Compared to a previous study on the ABC Island population in which an Alaskan brown bear served as a putatively admixture‐free reference, Cahill et al. (2015) utilize a newly sequenced Swedish brown bear as admixture baseline. This approach reveals that brown bears have been impacted by introgression from polar bears to a larger extent (up to 8.8% of their genome), than previously known, including the bear that had previously served as admixture baseline. No evidence for introgression of brown bear into polar bear is found, which the authors argue could be a consequence of selection. Besides adding new exciting pieces to the puzzle of polar/brown bear evolutionary history, the study by Cahill and colleagues highlights that wildlife genomics is moving from analysing single genomes towards a landscape genomics approach.
Involvement of reductases IruO and NtrA in iron acquisition by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hannauer Mélissa , Arifin Andrew J. , Heinrichs David E. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTo obtain host iron, Staphylococcus aureus secretes siderophores staphyloferrin A (SA) or staphyloferrin B (SB), and accesses heme iron through use of iron‐regulated surface determinant proteins. While iron transport in S. aureus is well documented, there is scant information about proteins required to access iron from complexes in the cytoplasm. In vitro studies identified a pyridine nucleotide‐disulfide oxidoreductase, named IruO, as an electron donor for the heme monooxygenases IsdG and IsdI, promoting heme degradation. Here, we show that an iruO mutant was not debilitated for growth on heme, suggesting involvement of another reductase. NtrA is an iron‐regulated nitroreductase and, as with the iruO mutant, a ntrA mutant grew on heme comparable with wild type (WT). In contrast, a iruO ntrA double mutant was severely debilitated for growth on heme, a phenotype that was complemented by expression of either iruO or ntrA in trans, demonstrating their overlapping role in heme‐iron utilization. Contrasting the involvement of multiple reductases for heme iron utilization, ntrA was shown essential for iron utilization using SA, although not SB or other siderophores tested, and an iruO mutant was incapable of deferoxamine‐mediated growth. Accordingly, virulence of WT S. aureus, but not an iruO mutant, was enhanced in mice receiving deferoxamine.
Albuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate for predicting the renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Tanaka Nobue , Babazono Tetsuya , Takagi Michino , Yoshida Naoshi , Toya Kiwako , Nyumura Izumi , Hanai Ko , Uchigata Yasuko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe first clinical manifestation of diabetic kidney disease is usually the development of microalbuminuria. However, recent studies have focused on diabetic patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without albuminuria. To evaluate the association of albuminuria and GFR with renal outcomes, we performed an observational study.MethodsA total of 3231 type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study between 2003 and 2005. There were 1249 women and the mean age was 59 ± 12 years. The renal endpoints were defined as the initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) or 50% reduction from the baseline of estimated GFR (eGFR).ResultsAt baseline, 669 (20.7%) patients had eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and 1134 (35.1%) had albuminuria. During the mean follow‐up period of 5.9 ± 1.6 years, 107 patients initiated RRT. A 50% reduction of eGFR from the baseline value was found in 279 patients. None of the normoalbuminuric subjects with or without reduced eGFR required RRT during the observational period (P < 0.01). Compared to normoalbuminuria patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline, the group of normoalbuminuria patients with reduced eGFR had a 2.5‐fold risk of developing the renal endpoints, (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–6.3, P = 0.053). Patients with microalbuminuria with eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline had a 5.0‐fold risk of developing the evaluated renal endpoints (95% CI: 2.8–8.8, P < 0.001).ConclusionAlbuminuria was a significant predictor for the evaluated renal endpoints, but the impact of eGFR is likely to be less than that of albuminuria.
Dental core trainee teaching of dental students in a clinical setting: a pilot study
Authors: Finn D.J. , Taylor K.H. , Balmer M.C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThis study aims to gain opinions from both dental core trainees and undergraduate dental students in relation to dental core trainees undertaking a clinical teacher role when supervising undergraduate students in a clinical setting.Materials and methodsForty‐five undergraduate students completed a written questionnaire following a clinic being supervised by dental core trainees to provide feedback on their experience. A focus group was held with 12 dental core trainees to ascertain their thoughts and feeling in relation to supervising undergraduate students.ResultsUndergraduates appeared to give positive feedback and found dental core trainees to be approachable and provided adequate feedback. However, areas of improvement were identified by students in relation to their grading and in providing feedback on performance. Dental core trainees enjoyed their teaching experience, though a range of concerns were highlighted in relation to this.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that undergraduates and dental core trainees were satisfied with the educational experience. Areas for improvement were demonstrated in training of the grading scheme used and in assessment of students' knowledge.
The Value of Transferable Skills
Authors: Sgobbi Francesca , Suleman Fátima 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMost studies on skill transferability focus on the return to capabilities developed in the initial job and disregard the different characteristics of the origin and the destination industries. In contrast, this article assesses the borders of skill transferability by comparing the return to skills for firm stayers, firm changers in the same industry, and firm changers to other industries. Based on a sample of Portuguese employees in retail banking, our results confirm significant inter‐firm and inter‐industry skill transferability. Difference‐in‐differences estimates with propensity score matching show that firm switchers benefit from a wage premium compared to firm stayers. However, the wage premium drops sharply when movers leave the banking sector.
Power in the Field. Explaining the Legitimisation of Large‐Scale Farming in Romania
Authors: Roger Antoine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExamining the development of Romanian agriculture, one may wonder how a few large‐scale agribusinesses have managed to legitimise their position and to deflect open criticism even as they control a disproportionate share of arable land. Clarification may be provided by Pierre Bourdieu's concept of field, which involves the simultaneous characterisation of sets of objective positions and symbolic struggles over the definition of hierarchical principles. This analytical framework allows us to shed light on the economic field and its relationships with other fields, which each have their own structure and are each influenced by specific struggles. Large‐scale agricultural holdings in Romania find support within the political and the scientific fields, each of which provides supports within the bureaucratic field. The coincidence of different fields prevents any questioning of the economic model on which the development of large‐scale farming is based.
Estimating Geographical PV Potential Using LiDAR Data for Buildings in Downtown San Francisco
Authors: Li Ziqi , Zhang Zidong , Davey Keith 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSustainable solar energy is of the interest for the city of San Francisco to meet their renewable energy initiative. Buildings in the downtown area are expected to have great photovoltaic (PV) potential for future solar panel installation. This study presents a comprehensive method for estimating geographical PV potential using remote sensed LiDAR data for buildings in downtown San Francisco. LiDAR derived DSMs and DTMs were able to generate high quality building footprints using the object‐oriented classification method. The GRASS built‐in solar irradiation model (r.sun) was used to simulate and compute PV yields. Monthly and yearly maps, as well as an exquisite 3D city building model, were created to visualize the variability of solar irradiation across the study area. Results showed that monthly sum of solar irradiation followed a one‐year cycle with the peak in July and troughs in January and December. The mean yearly sum of solar irradiation for the buildings in the study area was estimated to be 1675 kWh/m2. A multiple regression model was used to test the significance of building height, roof area and roof complexity against PV potential. Roof complexity was found to be the dominant determinant. Uncertainties of the research are mainly from the inherent r.sun limitations, boundary problems, and the LiDAR data accuracy in terms of both building footprint extraction and 3D modeling. Future work can focus on a more automated process and segment rooftops of buildings to achieve more accurate estimation of PV potential. The outcome of this research can assist decision makers in San Francisco to visualize building PV potential, and further select ideal places to install PV systems. The methodology presented and tested in this research can also be generalized to other cities in order to meet contemporary society's need for renewable energy.
The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on obstetric hemorrhage and blood transfusion in South Africa
Authors: Bloch Evan M. , Crookes Robert L. , Hull Jennifer , Fawcus Sue , Gangaram Rajesh , Anthony John , Ingram Charlotte , Ngcobo Solomuzi , Croxford Julie , Creel Darryl V. , Murphy Edward L. ,   for the International Component of the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDGlobally, as in South Africa, obstetric hemorrhage (OH) remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Although blood transfusion is critical to OH management, the incidence and predictors of transfusion as well as their relation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA cross‐sectional study was conducted of all peripartum patients at four major hospitals in South Africa (April to July 2012). Comprehensive clinical data were collected on patients who sustained OH and/or were transfused. Logistic regression was used to model risk factors for OH and transfusion.RESULTSA total of 15,725 peripartum women were evaluated, of whom 3969 (25.2%) were HIV positive. Overall, 387 (2.5%) women sustained OH and 438 (2.8%) received transfusions, including 213 (1.4%) women with both OH and transfusion. There was no significant difference in OH incidence between HIV‐positive (2.8%) and HIV‐negative (2.3%) patients (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72‐1.25). In contrast, the incidence of blood transfusion was significantly higher in HIV‐positive (3.7%) than in HIV‐negative (2.4%) patients (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.14‐2.03). Other risk factors for transfusion included OH, low prenatal hemoglobin, the treating hospital, lack of prenatal care, and gestational age of not more than 34 weeks.CONCLUSIONIn the South African obstetric setting, the incidence of peripartum blood transfusion is significantly higher than in the United States and other high‐income countries while OH incidence is similar. While OH and prenatal anemia are major predictors of transfusion, HIV infection is a common and independent contributing factor.
A benchmarking program to reduce red blood cell outdating: implementation, evaluation, and a conceptual framework
Authors: Barty Rebecca L. , Gagliardi Kathleen , Owens Wendy , Lauzon Deborah , Scheuermann Sheena , Liu Yang , Wang Grace , Pai Menaka , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDBenchmarking is a quality improvement tool that compares an organization's performance to that of its peers for selected indicators, to improve practice.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSProcesses to develop evidence‐based benchmarks for red blood cell (RBC) outdating in Ontario hospitals, based on RBC hospital disposition data from Canadian Blood Services, have been previously reported. These benchmarks were implemented in 160 hospitals provincewide with a multifaceted approach, which included hospital education, inventory management tools and resources, summaries of best practice recommendations, recognition of high‐performing sites, and audit tools on the Transfusion Ontario website (http://transfusionontario.org). In this study we describe the implementation process and the impact of the benchmarking program on RBC outdating. A conceptual framework for continuous quality improvement of a benchmarking program was also developed.RESULTSThe RBC outdating rate for all hospitals trended downward continuously from April 2006 to February 2012, irrespective of hospitals' transfusion rates or their distance from the blood supplier. The highest annual outdating rate was 2.82%, at the beginning of the observation period. Each year brought further reductions, with a nadir outdating rate of 1.02% achieved in 2011. The key elements of the successful benchmarking strategy included dynamic targets, a comprehensive and evidence‐based implementation strategy, ongoing information sharing, and a robust data system to track information.CONCLUSIONThe Ontario benchmarking program for RBC outdating resulted in continuous and sustained quality improvement. Our conceptual iterative framework for benchmarking provides a guide for institutions implementing a benchmarking program.
Functional Prototyping and Tooling of FDM Additive Manufactured Parts
Authors: Rayegani Farzad , Onwubolu Godfrey C. , Nagy Attila , Singh Hargurdeep 
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we present two additive manufacturing applications: (1) vacuum forming tooling using AM; (2) rocket functional prototype using AM for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind-tunnel testing. The first application shows how additive manufacturing (AM) facilitates the manufacture of vacuum formed parts, which allows such parts to be easily produced especially in the manufacturing sector. We show how combining the advantages of the CAD and FDM technology, vacuum forming can be completed quickly, efficiently and cost effectively. The paper shows that using modified build parameters, the tools FDM creates can be inherently porous, which eliminates the time needed for drilling vent holes that are necessary for other vacuum forming tools, while improving part quality with an evenly distributed vacuum draw. Using SolidWorks CAD software, the model of the tool is created. The STL file is exported to the Insight software, and we present how the Tool Paths Custom Group feature is applied to optimize the tool-paths file and then sent to the FDM system that prints the tooling from ABS engineering thermoplastic. The tooling is then used in the Formech 686 manual vacuum forming machine to produce the vacuum formed part.
The second application shows how additive manufacturing (AM) has been applied to producing functional model for wind–tunnel testing, as well as providing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool for comparing results obtained from the wind-tunnel testing. The present work is focused on applications of FDM technology for manufacturing wind tunnel test models. The CAD model of a rocket was analyzed for its aerodynamic properties and its functional prototype produced using AM for use in wind–tunnel testing so as to verify and tune the aerodynamic properties. Initial wall conditions were defined for the rocket in terms of the air velocity. The flow simulation was carried out and the goals examined are the velocity and pressure fields around the rocket model. The paper examines some practical issues that arise between how the model geometry for CDF process differs from that that of the FDM process.
Consequently, we show that AM-based fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology is faster, less expensive and more efficient than traditional manufacturing processes for vacuum forming and for rapid prototyping of function models for wind-tunnel applications.
Taylor’s Model Based Analysis of Turning Inserts Tool-Life in the Dry Turning of UNS R56400 Alloy
Authors: Batista Moises , Davim Paulo , Salguero Jorge , Gomez-Parra Alvaro , Marcos Mariano 
Published: March 2015

In this work a study of tool life of uncoated WC-Co inserts — utilized in the dry turning of Ti6A14V (UNS R56400) alloy — has been achieved. This study has been developed on the basis of the tool wear time monitoring as a function of cutting speed (V) for fixed feed (f) and cutting depth (d). Tool life (T) has been evaluated through the flank wear (VB) measurement, making use of ISO 3685 standard.
VB (T,V) surfaces have allowed defining the cutting speed range where T is maximum. On the other hand T(V) curves have allowed establishing the influence of cutting speed on tool life. From these curves a potential model, in the way of Taylor’s model, has been proposed.
The oil and gas industry: the challenge for proper dissemination of knowledge
Authors: Vecchia Pierluigi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
After the 2012 Emilia–Romagna (Italy) seismic sequence, oil and gas activities have been accused, mainly through the Internet, of being responsible for triggering/inducing local earthquakes; many people consider this information to be true for three reasons: (1) industry and professionals are unable to explain the matter; (2) authorities are too often driven by research of popular consent; and (3) scientists are usually not trained to deal with people. The consequence has been a silence filled with opposition, protest and experts of everything; spin-doctors have easily become ‘geologists’ thanks to the Internet and once the ‘net’ has promoted them, now it is hard to remove this false label. Words like seismicity, fracking, drilling and subsidence have become common, and used without their correct meaning always being known, in the name of supposed environmental protection and sustainability, and with a precautionary approach to the question to always be applied. A smart use of a few keywords gave a number of spin-doctors the opportunity for fame. Any attempt to give correct information was ‘proclaimed by experts to be in conflict of interest’. The industry needs to improve its communication of awareness and sustainability. Petroleum geologists need to answer questions coming from the community, and they have to accept this challenge by disseminating knowledge in a proper and ethical way.
Metabolic Signature Identifies Novel Targets for Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Maiso Patricia , Huynh Daisy , Moschetta Michele , Sacco Antonio , Aljawai Yosra , Mishima Yuji , Asara John M. , Roccaro Aldo M. , Kimmelman Alec C. , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDrug resistance remains a major clinical challenge for cancer treatment. Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell cancer selectively localized in the bone marrow. The main cause of resistance in myeloma is the minimal residual disease cells that are resistant to the original therapy, including bortezomib treatment and high-dose melphalan in stem cell transplant. In this study, we demonstrate that altered tumor cell metabolism is essential for the regulation of drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. We show the unprecedented role of the metabolic phenotype in inducing drug resistance through LDHA and HIF1A in multiple myeloma, and that specific inhibition of LDHA and HIF1A can restore sensitivity to therapeutic agents such as bortezomib and can also inhibit tumor growth induced by altered metabolism. Knockdown of LDHA can restore sensitivity of bortezomib resistance cell lines while gain-of-function studies using LDHA or HIF1A induced resistance in bortezomib-sensitive cell lines. Taken together, these data suggest that HIF1A and LDHA are important targets for hypoxia-driven drug resistance. Novel drugs that regulate metabolic pathways in multiple myeloma, specifically targeting LDHA, can be beneficial to inhibit tumor growth and overcome drug resistance. Cancer Res; 75(10); 2071–82. ©2015 AACR.