bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex encephalitis following microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Tang Hon , Falcone Francisco , Eljamel Sam 
Published: January 2013

The authors present the first reported case of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) precipitated by trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression (MVD). The presentation of this specific case together with the pathogenesis and management of HSE are discussed, with a relevant literature review.
This 29-year-old woman with treatment-resistant trigeminal neuralgia underwent a successful elective MVD of the right trigeminal nerve. She was discharged but was readmitted 1 week postoperatively with clinical signs and symptoms of meningitis. A CSF sample was obtained through lumbar puncture before she was treated initially with ceftriaxone. The polymerase chain reaction test of CSF was later positive for herpes simplex virus Type 1, at which point the patient was switched to a 2-week course of intravenous acyclovir before being discharged.
Although this disease is rare, to avoid a delay in antiviral treatment the authors suggest that HSE should be considered in any patient presenting with a meningoencephalitic picture following MVD.
Surgical correction of severe cervical kyphosis in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Kawabata Soya , Watanabe Kota , Hosogane Naobumi , Ishii Ken , Nakamura Masaya , Toyama Yoshiaki , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: January 2013

Severe cervical kyphosis requiring surgical treatment is rare in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). When it occurs, however, dystrophic changes in the vertebrae make surgical correction and fusion of the deformity extremely difficult.
The authors report on 3 cases of severe cervical kyphosis associated with NF1 that were successfully treated with combined anterior and posterior correction and fusion. All patients underwent halo-gravity traction for approximately 1 month prior to surgery to correct the deformity gradually. Posterior correction and fusion were performed with segmental spinal instrumentation consisting of lateral mass screws, lamina screws, pedicle screws, and polyethylene tape for sublaminar wiring. Anterior spinal fusion was performed using a fibula strut to induce solid bone fusion. All patients used a halo vest for postoperative external fixation.
Preoperative CT scans showed dystrophic cervical spine changes, and MR images demonstrated extensive neurofibromas outside the cervical spine in all 3 patients. The preoperative kyphotic angles were as follows: Case 1, 140°; Case 2, 81°; and Case 3, 72°; after halo-gravity traction, the kyphosis angles improved to 50°, 55°, and 51°, respectively; and after surgery, they were 50°, 15°, and 27°, respectively. Solid bone union was observed in all patients at the latest follow-up. All three patients experienced postoperative complications consisting of superficial infection, severe pneumonia, and partial dislocation of the distal fibula graft after removing the halo vest, in one patient each.
Although dystrophic cervical vertebral changes in these patients with NF1 complicated the correction of severe cervical kyphosis, the use of preoperative halo-gravity traction, a combination of spinal instrumentations, an anterior strut bone graft, and postoperative halo-vest fixation made it possible to correct the kyphosis, maintain the correction, and achieve solid bone fusion.
Effect of rosuvastatin on cytokines after traumatic head injury
Authors: Sánchez-Aguilar Martin , Tapia-Pérez J. Humberto , Sánchez-Rodríguez José Juan , Viñas-Ríos Juan Manuel , Martínez-Pérez Patricia , de la Cruz-Mendoza Esperanza , Sánchez-Reyna Martin , Torres-Corzo Jaime Gerardo , Gordillo-Moscoso Antonio 
Published: January 2013

Object
The favorable effect of statin treatment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown in animal studies and is probably true in humans as well. The objective of this study was to determine whether acute statin treatment following TBI could reduce inflammatory cytokines and improve functional outcomes in humans.

Methods
The authors performed a double-blind randomized clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe TBI. Exclusion criteria were as follows: prior severe disability; use of modifiers of statin metabolism; multisystem trauma; prior use of mannitol, barbiturates, corticosteroids, or calcium channel blockers; isolated brainstem lesions; allergy to statins; previous hepatopathy or myopathy; previous treatment at another clinic; and pregnancy. Patients were randomly selected to receive 20 mg of rosuvastatin or placebo for 10 days. The main goal was to determine the effect of rosuvastatin on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin (IL)–1β, IL-6, and IL-10 after 72 hours of TBI. Amnesia, disorientation, and disability were assessed 3 and 6 months after TBI.

Results
Thirty-six patients were analyzed according to intention-to-treat analysis; 19 patients received rosuvastatin and 17 received placebo. The best-fit mixed model showed a significant effect of rosuvastatin on the reduction of tumor necrosis factor–α levels (p = 0.004). Rosuvastatin treatment did not appear to affect the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. The treatment was associated with a reduction in disability scores (p = 0.03), indicating a favorable functional outcome. Life-threatening adverse effects were not observed.

Conclusions
The authors' data suggest that statins may induce an antiinflammatory effect and may promote recovery after TBI. The role of statins in TBI therapy should be confirmed in larger clinical trials. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00990028.
The ability of high field strength 7-T magnetic resonance imaging to reveal previously uncharacterized brain lesions in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Chalifoux Jason R. , Perry Nissa , Katz Joel S. , Wiggins Graham C. , Roth Jonathan , Miles Daniel , Devinsky Orrin , Weiner Howard L. , Milla Sarah S. 
Published: January 2013

Object
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) brain pathology is characterized on MRI by cortical tubers, subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. Seizures, the prominent feature of TSC, are frequently intractable to medical therapy and, in many patients, resection of tubers results in seizure control. However, in approximately 40% of patients, resection of tubers does not control seizures. This fact, as well as evidence from invasive electrophysiological recordings and experimental animal models, suggests that in patients with TSC, there may be extratuberal epileptogenic brain that does not display any apparent abnormality on conventional MRI. The authors hypothesized that high field strength MRI might uncover lesions not seen on conventional MRI in these patients.

Methods
Institutional review board approval was obtained to scan 4 patients with TSC (ages 18–26 years) in a 7-T MR unit. Optimized 7-T sequences, including T1- and T2-weighted, FLAIR, SPACE FLAIR, T2*, and MPRAGE studies, were performed. Imaging studies were compared with identical sequences performed using a conventional 1.5-T MR scanner.

Results
In all 4 patients, there was improved visualization of the findings demonstrated on conventional imaging. Importantly, new lesions were detected in all 4 patients, which were not well visualized with conventional MRI. Newly detected lesions included microtubers, radial glial signal abnormalities, subependymal nodules arising from the caudate nucleus, and caudate nucleus lesions.

Conclusions
High field strength MRI detects previously uncharacterized lesions in patients with TSC and allows better detection and delineation of subtle abnormalities. In addition, the data demonstrate a compelling relationship between intraventricular lesions and the caudate nucleus. These data support previous electrophysiological and animal-model findings that demonstrate neurological pathology beyond the conventionally detected lesions in TSC.
A Contact SPH Method with High-Order Limiters for Simulation of Inviscid Compressible Flows
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Tian Haiyan , Kuo Leihsin , Chen Wen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study a class of contact smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) by introducing Riemann solvers and using high-order limiters. In particular, a promising concept of WENO interpolation as limiter is presented in the reconstruction process. The physical values relating interactional particles used as the initial values of the Riemann problem can be reconstructed by the Taylor series expansion. The contact solvers of the Riemann problem at contact points are incorporated in SPH approximations. In order to keep the fluid density at the wall rows to be consistent with that of the inner fluid wall boundaries, several lines of dummy particles are placed outside of the solid walls, which are assigned according to the initial configuration. At last, the method is applied to compressible flows with sharp discontinuities such as the collision of two strong shocks and the interaction of two blast waves and so on. The numerical results indicate that the method is capable of handling sharp discontinuity and efficiently reducing unphysical oscillations.
Restaurant Volatility and the Iowa City, Iowa, Smoke-Free Restaurant Ordinance
Authors: Sheffer Megan A. , Squier Christopher A. , Gilmore Gary D. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. To determine the economic impact of the Iowa City, Iowa, smoke-free restaurant ordinance (IC-SFRO) using an immediate and novel approach. Design. In this retrospective study, food permit licensure served as the measure to assess the IC-SFRO impact. The Iowa City experience provided an excellent experimental setting, as the ordinance was enacted March 1, 2002, and repealed May 7, 2003, because of preemption. Setting. The city of Coralville served as a natural control, as it is contiguous to Iowa City, has similar population demographics, and has never enacted a smoke-free restaurant ordinance. Measures. Food permit licensure data for all Iowa City and Coralville restaurants were obtained from the Johnson County Health Department. Analysis. Differences in restaurant volatility were assessed using Fisher's exact probability test. Results. The number of restaurants increased in both Iowa City and Coralville throughout the ordinance period. The ratio of the total number of restaurants in Iowa City to the total number of restaurants in the Iowa City–Coralville metropolitan area remained stable. The proportion of restaurants for each city did not differ significantly during the preordinance, ordinance, and postordinance periods. Conclusion. The IC-SFRO did not adversely impact the restaurant industry in terms of restaurant closures. The Iowa legislature was urged to draft evidence-based legislation, such as amending preemption of the IC-SFRO, to protect and promote the health of its communities.
Promoting Health: Media Advocacy Opportunities in English- and Spanish-Language Masthead Editorials
Authors: Lingas Elena O. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. This study examines two newspapers' editorial coverage of issues related to the Healthy People 2010 focus areas and compares the two newspapers. Design. A qualitative study. Setting. Two Los Angeles, California, newspapers. Subjects. The masthead editorials of the Los Angeles Times and La Opinión in the year following the release of Healthy People 2010. Measures. A structured data abstraction instrument was used for descriptive coding. Correspondence to 1 of the 28 Healthy People 2010 focus areas determined whether domestic editorials were about health. Analysis. An ethnographic content analysis. Results. There were 1075 editorials from the Los Angeles Times and 361 from La Opinión; 17% were focused on domestic health issues. Three Healthy People 2010 focus areas dominated: Environmental Health, Injury and Violence Prevention, and Access to Quality Health Services. Ten focus areas did not receive a single mention in the Los Angeles Times, and 19 focus areas lacked editorials in La Opinión. Conclusion. Editorial writers regularly tackled issues related to a Healthy People 2010 focus area. Public health practitioners can meet with their local newspaper editorial board and discuss the nation's health objectives as manifested by Healthy People 2020 and the National Prevention Strategy, thereby promoting policies that support individual and population health.
Assessment of the Impact of Adjunctive Proactive Telephone Counseling to Promote Smoking Cessation among Lung Cancer Patients' Social Networks
Authors: Bastian Lori A. , Fish Laura J. , Peterson Bercedis L. , Biddle Andrea K. , Garst Jennifer , Lyna Pauline , Molner Stephanie , Bepler Gerold , Kelley Mike , Keefe Francis J. , McBride Colleen M. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. When a patient is diagnosed with lung cancer, members of his/her social network may be more likely to engage in smoking cessation efforts. Proactive telephone counseling combined with a tailored self-directed intervention may be more effective at promoting smoking cessation than a tailored self-directed intervention alone. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Four clinical sites. Subjects. Current smokers who are family members and close friends of patients with lung cancer. Intervention. Six counselor-initiated counseling calls using motivational interviewing techniques and focusing on teaching adaptive coping skills based on the transactional model of stress and coping along with tailored self-directed materials (including nicotine patches, if not contraindicated) (n = 245) vs. tailored self-directed materials (including nicotine patches, if not contraindicated) (n = 251). Measures. Participants were surveyed at baseline and at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postintervention. The outcome was 7-day point prevalent abstinence. Analysis. The objective of this study was to test for arm differences in smoking cessation rates at 2 weeks and 6 months postintervention (primary) and at 12 months postintervention (secondary). Results. We found no overall effect of the proactive intervention on cessation rates. Among younger participants (age <50), the cessation rate in the intervention group was higher than in the control group at 2 weeks postintervention (16% vs. 4%, p = .046). For older participants (age >50), there were no group differences. Conclusion. Proactive telephone counseling focusing on adaptive coping skills was difficult to implement among smokers in lung cancer patients' social network. Although this study did not demonstrate any added benefit to cessation rates, this null finding may be a result of an intervention that was weaker than intended, owing to difficulties in completing the counseling phone calls. We discuss lessons learned and areas for future research in this special population.
Assessing and Comparing the Short-Term Effects of TPB Only and TPB plus Implementation Intentions Interventions on Snacking Behavior in Iranian Adolescent Girls: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Karimi-Shahanjarini Akram , Rashidian Arash , Omidvar Nasrin , Majdzadeh Reza 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. The evidence for the effectiveness of theory of planned behavior (TPB)–based interventions is mixed. There is also mixed evidence on the effectiveness of adding implementation intentions to TPB-based interventions. In this study we assessed and compared the short-term effects of TPB-only intervention and TPB plus implementation intentions intervention on snacking behavior and intention to consume unhealthy snacks in Iranian adolescent girls. Design. Three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting. Ten middle schools in Tehran (Iran). Subjects. A total of 29 classes included 739 female adolescents (age range: 12–15 years). Intervention. Two brief interventions including TPB-only intervention and TPB plus implementation intentions intervention. Measures. Food frequency questionnaire and intentions at baseline, 10 days, and 3 months measuring snacking behavior and cognitions about unhealthy snack consumption, respectively. Analysis. Hierarchical linear modeling to assess the interventions' effects. Results. Both interventions successfully decreased intention to consume and consumption of unhealthy snacks at postintervention. Calculation of the effect sizes revealed that the TPB plus implementation intentions intervention was more effective than the TPB-only intervention. The effects remained significant at 3-month follow-up in the TPB plus implementation intentions intervention group only, although the effect size decreased. Conclusion. Overall, the study suggests that adding implementation intentions on top of TPB-based persuasive messages improves effectiveness and sustainability of desirable changes.
Effectiveness of Weight Loss Interventions for Obese Older Adults
Authors: Felix Holly C. , West Delia S. 
Published: January 2013

Objective. The consequences of obesity among older adults are significant, yet few obesity interventions target this group. Unfamiliarity with weight loss intervention effectiveness and concerns that weight loss negatively affects older adults may be inhibiting targeting this group. This paper reviews the evidence on intentional weight loss and effective weight loss interventions for obese older adults to help dispel concerns and guide health promotion practice. Data Source. PubMed articles. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Randomized controlled trials examining behavioral and pharmaceutical weight loss strategies with 1-year follow-up targeting obese (body mass index ≥30) older adults (mean age ≥60 years), and studies with quasi-experimental designs examining surgical weight loss strategies targeting older adults were examined. Data Extraction. Abstracts were reviewed for study objective relevancy, with relevant articles extracted and reviewed. Data Synthesis. Data were inserted into an analysis matrix. Results. Evidence indicates behavioral strategies are effective in producing significant (all p < .05) weight loss without significant risk to obese older adults, but effectiveness evidence for surgical and pharmaceutical strategies for obese older adults is lacking, primarily because this group has not been targeted in trials or analyses did not isolate this group. Conclusion. These findings support the promotion of intentional weight loss among obese older adults and provide guidance to health promotion practitioners on effective weight loss interventions to use with this group.
Smoking is Bad for Babies: Obstetric Care Providers' Use of Best Practice Smoking Cessation Counseling Techniques
Authors: Chang Judy C. , Alexander Stewart C. , Holland Cynthia L. , Arnold Robert M. , Landsittel Douglas , Tulsky James A. , Pollak Kathryn I. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. To use direct observations of first prenatal visits to describe obstetric providers' adherence to the evidence-based clinical practice guideline for smoking cessation counseling recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the 5 A's (Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, and Arrange). Design. Observational study using audio recordings of first obstetric visits. Setting. An urban academic hospital-based clinic. Participants. Obstetric care providers and pregnant women attending their first obstetric visit. Method. First obstetric visits were audio recorded. Visits were identified in which patients reported smoking, and discussions were analyzed for obstetric providers' use of the 5 A's in smoking cessation counseling. Results. Obstetric providers asked about smoking in 98% of the 116 visits analyzed, but used 3 or more of the 5 A's in only 21% (24) of visits. In no visits did providers use all 5 A's. In 54% of the visits, providers gave patients information about smoking, most commonly about risks associated with perinatal smoking. Conclusion. Few obstetric care providers performed the recommended 5 A's smoking cessation counseling with their pregnant smokers. Effective and innovative methods are needed to improve obstetric providers' use of the 5 A's.
Reaching Women through Health Information Technology: The Gabby Preconception Care System
Authors: Gardiner Paula , Hempstead Megan B. , Ring Lazlo , Bickmore Timothy , Yinusa-Nyahkoon Leanne , Tran Huong , Paasche-Orlow Michael , Damus Karla , Jack Brian 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have endorsed the concept of preconception care (PCC). New tools must be developed to promote PCC. Design. Development and testing of a health information technology system to provide PCC. Setting. An urban safety net hospital and an urban university. Subjects. Community recruitment of 31 women in focus groups and 15 women participating in observed usability testing; 9 students recruited from the Office of Minority Health Preconception Peer Educators program participated in pilot testing for 2 months. Intervention. Online interactive animated character (“Gabby”) designed to identify and modify preconception risks. Measures. Qualitative transcripts, preconception risk assessment, server data for system usage, self-administered satisfaction surveys, and follow-up phone calls. Analysis. Descriptive statistics of subjects' demographics, satisfaction, PCC risks, and system usage. Transcripts coded using NVIVO. Results. Subjects (n = 24) reported an average of 23 preconception risks; in the pilot, 83% of risks added to the “My Health To-Do List” were addressed by the subject. Seventy-three percent of risks identified as contemplative progressed to action or maintenance. Differences were noted in effectiveness of the system based on initial stage of change for each risk. Conclusion. Results suggest that the PCC system could be effective in influencing positive behavior change. Adding stage of change–focused functionality might have added benefits. This system has great potential to assist in the delivery of PCC.
Acceptability and Potential Impact of Brief Preconception Health Risk Assessment and Counseling in the WIC Setting
Authors: Dunlop Anne L. , Dretler Alexandra W. , Badal Hannah J. , Logue Kristi M. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose. To determine the reproductive risks of women using the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the acceptability of delivering preconception screening and counseling with the WIC encounter. Design. A mixed methods approach to include quantitative analysis of reproductive risks and qualitative analysis of postcounseling interviews. Setting. A WIC clinic in Clayton County, Georgia Participants. A quota sample of 150 African-American women 18 to 44 years of age recruited from the attendees of WIC nutrition classes for postpartum and breastfeeding women and mothers of children under 5. Intervention. A brief individual counseling based upon identified risks. Method. Participants were administered a risk assessment questionnaire by a member of the study team to determine topics for brief counseling. Following standardized brief counseling, participants completed an individual semistructured interview. The risk assessment questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively; transcripts from the postcounseling interviews were analyzed thematically. Results. Reproductive risks were prevalent among women of reproductive age seeking WIC services: unintended pregnancy (27%), history of sexually transmitted infection (49%), inadequate folic acid supplementation (66%), intimate partner violence (47%), tobacco use (21%), binge drinking (10%), and illicit drug use (5%). The vast majority of WIC clients found the preconception risk assessment and brief counseling to be acceptable and important. Conclusion. WIC constitutes a suitable location for identifying low-income African-American women in need of preconception and reproductive health services and at risk for poor reproductive health outcomes.