bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of NF‐κB1A Promoter Polymorphisms on Coronary Artery Disease Risk
Authors: Özbilüm Nil , Arslan Serdal , Berkan Öcal , Yanartaş Mehmed , Aydemir Eylem Itir 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD), which is now regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Nuclear factor (NF)‐κB is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. NF‐κBIA is the inhibitory version of NF‐κB. This study is the first investigation of the association between CAD and NF‐κBIA‐297 C/T, ‐826 C/T, ‐881 A/G polymorphisms in a Turkish population using PCR–RFLP method. The study population comprised 201 cases with CAD and 201 healthy controls. There was no significant difference in NF‐κB1A‐297 C/T and ‐881 A/G in allele and genotype frequencies between case and control populations. The genotype frequency of NF‐κBIA‐826TT in the patients with CAD was significantly higher than that of the controls (p = 0.015, adjusted OR = 7.09, 95% CI = 1.95–25.70). The patients with CAD also had significantly higher carriage rate of NF‐κBIA‐826T allele than the controls (p = 0.03, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.03–1.99). Linkage analysis indicated a close linkage among these three variants of NF‐κBIA (for case, χ2 = 85.35 and p < 0.001; for control, χ2 = 21.58 p < 0.001) and TTG, TTA and TCG haplotypes were associated with CAD (adjusted OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 0.88–7.27; p = 0.001, adjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.64–4.02; p = 0.04, adjusted OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01–0.64; p < 0.001, respectively). NF‐κBIA‐826TT genotype may be a significant risk factor and a valuable marker for the development of CAD.
Development and validation of a single‐cell network profiling assay‐based classifier to predict response to induction therapy in paediatric patients withde novoacute myeloid leukaemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Lacayo Norman J. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gayko Urte , Rosen David B. , Westfall Matt , Purvis Norman , Putta Santosh , Louie Brent , Hackett James , Cohen Aileen Cleary , Cesano Alessandra , Gerbing Robert , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Dahl Gary V. , Gamis Alan , Meshinchi Soheil 
Published: May 2013

SummarySingle cell network profiling (SCNP) is a multi‐parameter flow cytometry technique for simultaneous interrogation of intracellular signalling pathways. Diagnostic paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) bone marrow samples were used to develop a classifier for response to induction therapy in 53 samples and validated in an independent set of 68 samples. The area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) was calculated to be 0·85 in the training set and after exclusion of induction deaths, theAUCROCof the classifier was 0·70 (P = 0·02) and 0·67 (P = 0·04) in the validation set when induction deaths (intent to treat) were included. The highest predictive accuracy was noted in the cytogenetic intermediate risk patients (AUCROC0·88,P = 0·002), a subgroup that lacks prognostic/predictive biomarkers for induction response. Only white blood cell count and cytogenetic risk were associated with response to induction therapy in the validation set. After controlling for these variables, theSCNPclassifier score was associated with complete remission (P = 0·017), indicating that the classifier provides information independent of other clinical variables that were jointly associated with response. This is the first validation of anSCNPclassifier to predict response to induction chemotherapy. Herein we demonstrate the usefulness of quantitativeSCNPunder modulated conditions to provide independent information onAMLdisease biology and induction response.
Crustal‐scale fluid flow during the tectonic evolution of the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA)
Authors: Beaudoin Nicolas , Bellahsen Nicolas , Lacombe Olivier , Emmanuel Laurent , Pironon Jacques 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStable isotope measurements (O, C, Sr), microthermometry and salinity measurements of fluid inclusions from different fracture populations in several anticlines of the Sevier‐Laramide Bighorn basin (Wyoming, USA) were used to unravel the palaeohydrological evolution. New data on the microstructural setting were used to complement previous studies and refine the fracture sequence at basin scale. The latter provides the framework and timing of fluid migration events across the basin during the Sevier and Laramide orogenic phases. Since the Sevier tectonic loading of the foreland basin until its later involvement into the Laramide thick‐skinned orogeny, three main fracture sets (out of seven) were found to have efficiently enhanced the hydraulic permeability of the sedimentary cover rocks. These pulses of fluid are attested by calcite crystals precipitated in veins from hydrothermal (T > 120 °C) radiogenic fluids derived from Cretaceous meteoric fluids that interacted with the Precambrian basement rocks. Between these events, vein calcite precipitated from formational fluids at chemical and thermal equilibrium with surrounding environment. At basin scale, the earliest hydrothermal pulse is documented in the western part of the basin during forebulge flexuring and the second one is documented in basement‐cored folds during folding. In addition to this East/West diachronic opening of the cover rocks to hydrothermal pulses probably controlled by the tectonic style, a decrease in 87/86Sr values from West to East suggests a crustal‐scale partially squeegee‐type eastward fluid migration in both basement and cover rocks since the early phase of the Sevier contraction. The interpretation of palaeofluid system at basin scale also implies that joints developed under an extensional stress regime are better vertical drains than joints developed under strike‐slip regime and enabled migration of basement‐derived hydrothermal fluids.
The Potential Role of Scattered Trees for Ant Conservation in an Agriculturally Dominated Neotropical Landscape
Authors: Frizzo Tiago L. M. , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough biological conservation has traditionally focused on the protection of pristine areas, it is becoming increasingly evident that efforts should also be made toward the maintenance of biological diversity in human‐managed ecosystems. We evaluated the potential role of scattered, remnant trees in enhancing ant diversity in agricultural lands within a biodiversity hotspot, namely the Cerrado savannas of central Brazil. Ant collections were performed in, beneath, and away from the crowns of a native tree species growing in planted pastures, soy fields, and in small (<400 ha) savanna reserves. Significantly more ant species were found beneath than 30 m away from scattered trees. The magnitude of this effect was similar in soy fields and in pastures at all scales of our analyses, except at the landscape scale where the effect was comparatively greater in soy fields. Most of the species that occurred more frequently beneath than away from trees nest on ground, indicating that the conservation value of scattered trees goes beyond the mere protection of arboreal ant species. Soy plantations presented a particular species‐poor ground‐dwelling fauna when compared with savannas, whereas differences in the number and composition of arboreal species were less marked. In contrast, the diversity of arboreal‐ and ground‐dwelling ants recorded in and beneath pasture trees was nearly as high as the one found in savannas. It is suggested that pasture trees can have an important value for ant conservation off reserves, particularly in regions where most of the native vegetation has already been cleared.
Effect of lifestyle modification on serum chemerin concentration and its association with insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kim So Hun , Lee Seung Hwan , Ahn Ki Yong , Lee Dong Hoon , Suh Young Ju , Cho Soon Gu , Choi Yun Jin , Lee Dae Hyung , Lee Seung Youn , Hong Seong Bin , Kim Yong Seong , Jeon Justin Y. , Nam Moonsuk 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectiveChemerin, a recently identified adipokine, has been linked to adiposity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome risk factors and inflammation. Here, we evaluated whether a 12‐week lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes could significantly affect the average blood glucose and serum chemerin levels over time.DesignThirty‐five overweight or obese subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive intensive lifestyle modification including supervised exercise sessions or usual care for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and clinical data were collected before the intervention and after 12 weeks.ResultsLifestyle intervention induced a significant decrease in HbA1c (−1·0 ± 0·5 vs 0·1 ± 0·6%, P < 0·001), BMI, total body fat content, serum lipocalin‐2 and chemerin levels (−8·1 ± 21·6 vs + 8·2 ± 15·9 ng/ml, P = 0·021) and a significant increase in VO2max after 12 weeks compared to the usual care group. Baseline chemerin levels were positively correlated with the homoeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), fasting insulin and the high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Changes in the chemerin concentration during 12 weeks were independently negatively correlated with changes in ISI and positively correlated with changes in fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol and lipocalin‐2 levels.ConclusionsA 12‐week intensive lifestyle intervention significantly decreased serum chemerin level compared to usual care. Decrease in serum chemerin level was associated with improved insulin sensitivity, and this may be involved in the beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Distinct genetic profiles between Japanese multiple sclerosis patients with and without Barkhof brain lesions
Authors: Huang Jian , Isobe Noriko , Matsushita Takuya , Yoshimura Satoshi , Sato Shinya , Yonekawa Tomomi , Yamasaki Ryo , Murai Hiroyuki , Kira Jun‐ichi ,   the South Japan Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe frequency of brain lesions that fulfil the Barkhof criteria (Barkhof brain lesions) is low in Asian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several genes are associated with MS in the Japanese, but their influence on brain lesion development is unknown. Here, we clarified the genetic profiles of Barkhof brain lesion‐positive and ‐negative MS in the Japanese.MethodsWe genotyped the HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DPB1 alleles, the NOTCH4 missense mutation rs422951, and the IL‐7RA single nucleotide polymorphism rs6897932 in 123 non‐neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder MS patients and 367 healthy controls by annealing of sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes to polymerase chain reaction‐amplified genomic DNA (for the HLA alleles), DNA sequencing (for rs422951), and real‐time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan genotyping assays (for rs6897932).ResultsCompared with the healthy controls, the frequency of DRB1*0405 was significantly higher in the Barkhof brain lesion‐negative group, that of DPB1*0301 was significantly higher in the Barkhof brain lesion‐positive group, and those of DRB1*0901 and DPB1*0401 were significantly lower in the Barkhof brain lesion‐positive group. The frequency of NOTCH4 rs422951 G allele carriers was significantly lower in both groups compared with the healthy controls, whereas the frequency of the IL‐7RA rs6897932 CC genotype was significantly higher in the Barkhof brain lesion‐positive group. Haplotype analyses identified one susceptibility and three resistance haplotypes for Barkhof brain lesion‐positive MS, and two susceptibility and three resistance haplotypes for Barkhof brain lesion‐negative MS.ConclusionsThe genetic profiles of Japanese MS patients are distinct according to the presence or absence of Barkhof brain lesions.
Effect of Land Cover and Ecosystem Mapping on Ecosystem‐Risk Assessment in the Little Karoo, South Africa
Authors: PAYET KARINE , ROUGET MATHIEU , ESLER KAREN J. , Reyers BELINDA , REBELO TONY , THOMPSON MARK W. , VLOK JAN H. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractExtinction‐risk assessments aim to identify biological diversity features threatened with extinction. Although largely developed at the species level, these assessments have recently been applied at the ecosystem level. In South Africa, national legislation provides for the listing and protection of threatened ecosystems. We assessed how land‐cover mapping and the detail of ecosystem classification affected the results of risk assessments that were based on extent of habitat loss. We tested 3 ecosystem classifications and 4 land‐cover data sets of the Little Karoo region, South Africa. Degraded land (in particular, overgrazed areas) was successfully mapped in just one of the land‐cover data sets. From <3% to 25% of the Little Karoo was classified as threatened, depending on the land‐cover data set and ecosystem classification applied. The full suite of threatened ecosystems on a fine‐scale map was never completely represented within the spatial boundaries of a coarse‐scale map of threatened ecosystems. Our assessments highlight the importance of land‐degradation mapping for the listing of threatened ecosystems. On the basis of our results, we recommend that when budgets are constrained priority be given to generating more‐detailed land‐cover data sets rather than more‐detailed ecosystem classifications for the assessment of threatened ecosystems.El Efecto de la Cobertura Terrestre y el Mapeo de Ecosistemas en la Valoración de Riesgos en los Ecosistemas en Little Karoo, Sudáfrica
Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
Authors: JEWELL ZOE 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMonitoring free‐ranging animals in their natural habitat is a keystone of ecosystem conservation and increasingly important in the context of current rates of loss of biological diversity. Data collected from individuals of endangered species inform conservation policies. Conservation professionals assume that these data are reliable—that the animals from whom data are collected are representative of the species in their physiology, ecology, and behavior and of the populations from which they are drawn. In the last few decades, there has been an enthusiastic adoption of invasive techniques for gathering ecological and conservation data. Although these can provide impressive quantities of data, and apparent insights into animal ranges and distributions, there is increasing evidence that these techniques can result in animal welfare problems, through the wide‐ranging physiological effects of acute and chronic stress and through direct or indirect injuries or compromised movement. Much less commonly, however, do conservation scientists consider the issue of how these effects may alter the behavior of individuals to the extent that the data they collect could be unreliable. The emerging literature on the immediate and longer‐term effects of capture and handling indicate it can no longer be assumed that a wild animal's survival of the process implies the safety of the procedure, that the procedure is ethical, or the scientific validity of the resulting data. I argue that conservation professionals should routinely assess study populations for negative effects of their monitoring techniques and adopt noninvasive approaches for best outcomes not only for the animals, but also for conservation science.Efecto de la Técnica de Monitoreo en la Calidad de la Ciencia de la Conservación
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors after kidney transplantation: treatment and outcomes in a single center
Authors: Tan Chieh Suai , Loh Hwai‐Liang , Foo Marjorie Wai Yin , Choong Lina Hui Lin , Wong Kok Seng , Kee Terence Yi Shern 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV SMT) in adult kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are rare. The aims of this study are to document the clinical features, types of treatment given, and outcomes of KTR with EBV SMT in our institution.MethodsSixteen patients were identified from our institution's databases. Patients' survival, tumor outcome, and graft survival were compared between patients who remained on cyclosporine‐based immunosuppressant and those who converted to sirolimus‐based therapy.ResultsThe median time of diagnosis was 9.4 yr after kidney transplantation, and majority of the patients had multifocal disease at the time of diagnosis. Overall, the patient survival rate was 75% over a mean follow‐up period of five yr. Two patients with non‐functioning allograft at the time of diagnosis of EBV SMT were excluded from the treatment outcome analysis. Comparing the sirolimus (n = 7) vs. cyclosporine groups (n = 7), patient survival rate was 100% vs. 42.9% (p = 0.08), graft survival 71.4% vs. 28.7% (p = 0.53), and disease‐free status 42.9% vs. 14.3% (p = 0.73), respectively.ConclusionSurgical resection in combination with decreasing immunosuppression or conversion to sirolimus appears to be effective in the treatment of EBV SMT in KTR.
Metacognitive beliefs in adolescents with an at‐risk mental state for psychosis
Authors: Welsh Patrick , Cartwright‐Hatton Sam , Wells Adrian , Snow Libby , Tiffin Paul A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe self‐regulatory executive function model suggests that metacognitive beliefs play a role in all forms of psychological disorder, including psychosis. However, our understanding of these beliefs and their relationship with symptoms in adolescents with an at‐risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis is limited.MethodsThe Metacognitions Questionnaire short form (MCQ‐30) was administered to 31 adolescents with an identified ARMS. Scores were subsequently compared to a control group of 76 adolescents drawn from a community population.ResultsAs predicted, ARMS patients scored significantly higher on metacognition subscales, with negative beliefs (F = 42.97, P = 0.001), cognitive confidence (F = 17.11, P = 0.001) and need for control (F = 22.48, P = 0.001) subscales of the MCQ‐30 distinguishing them from the comparison group.ConclusionsThe finding that metacognitive beliefs are significantly elevated in comparison to a community sample of adolescents is in keeping with previous adult‐orientated research. Possible implications for clinical practice are discussed.
HLA‐B alleles associated with severe cutaneous reactions to antiepileptic drugs in Han Chinese
Authors: Cheung Ying‐Kit , Cheng Suk‐Hang , Chan Ernest J. M. , Lo Su V. , Ng Margaret H. L. , Kwan Patrick 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPurposeHLA‐B*15:02 screening is recommended before starting carbamazepine in Han Chinese and Southeast Asians because the allele is strongly predictive of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) induced by the drug. We examined whether other HLA‐B alleles are also involved and whether the association extends to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).MethodsCases of SJS/TEN induced by any AEDs were recruited and matched (1:5) with AED‐tolerant controls. Carrier rates of HLA‐B alleles, determined by direct sequencing, were compared between cases and controls. Results were meta‐analyzed with previous studies to examine the associations between HLA‐B*15:02 and SJS/TEN induced by phenytoin and lamotrigine.Key FindingsA total of 55 cases (27 carbamazepine, 15 phenytoin, 6 lamotrigine, 7 other AEDs) and 275 controls were recruited. In drug‐specific analysis, the carrier rate of HLA‐B*15:02 was significantly higher in carbamazepine‐SJS/TEN cases compared with carbamazepine‐tolerant controls (92.3% vs. 11.9%; p = 3.51 × 10−18; odds ratio (OR) 89.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 19.25–413.83), and also in phenytoin‐SJS/TEN cases compared with phenytoin‐tolerant controls (46.7% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.045; OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.10–11.18). Meta‐analyses showed a strong association of HLA‐B*15:02 with phenytoin‐SJS/TEN (p < 3 × 10−4; OR 4.26; 95% CI 1.93–9.39) and, to a lesser extent, lamotrigine‐SJS/TEN (p = 0.03; OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.15–11.22). Compared with drug‐tolerant controls, the carrier rates of HLA‐B*40:01 and HLA‐B*58:01 were lower in cases of SJS/TEN induced by carbamazepine (p = 0.004) and other AEDs (p = 0.009), respectively.SignificanceSJS/TEN induced by carbamazepine and phenytoin is strongly and moderately associated with HLA‐B*15:02 in Han Chinese, respectively. Possible protective associations with HLA‐B*40:01 and HLA‐B*58:01 warrant further investigation.
International consensus classification of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy: A Task Force report from theILAECommission on Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Blümcke Ingmar , Thom Maria , Aronica Eleonora , Armstrong Dawna D. , Bartolomei Fabrice , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Bien Christian G. , Cendes Fernando , Coras Roland , Cross J. Helen , Jacques Thomas S. , Kahane Philippe , Mathern Gary W. , Miyata Haijme , Moshé Solomon L. , Oz Buge , Özkara Çiğdem , Perucca Emilio , Sisodiya Sanjay , Wiebe Samuel , Spreafico Roberto 
Published: May 2013

SummaryHippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most frequent histopathology encountered in patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Over the past decades, various attempts have been made to classify specific patterns of hippocampal neuronal cell loss and correlate subtypes with postsurgical outcome. However, no international consensus about definitions and terminology has been achieved. A task force reviewed previous classification schemes and proposes a system based on semiquantitative hippocampal cell loss patterns that can be applied in any histopathology laboratory. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement studies reached consensus to classify three types in anatomically well‐preserved hippocampal specimens:HSInternational League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) type 1 refers always to severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis predominantly inCA1 andCA4 regions, compared toCA1 predominant neuronal cell loss and gliosis (HS ILAEtype 2), orCA4 predominant neuronal cell loss and gliosis (HS ILAEtype 3). Surgical hippocampus specimens obtained from patients withTLEmay also show normal content of neurons with reactive gliosis only (no‐HS).HS ILAEtype 1 is more often associated with a history of initial precipitating injuries before age 5 years, with early seizure onset, and favorable postsurgical seizure control.CA1 predominantHS ILAEtype 2 andCA4 predominantHS ILAEtype 3 have been studied less systematically so far, but some reports point to less favorable outcome, and to differences regarding epilepsy history, including age of seizure onset. The proposed international consensus classification will aid in the characterization of specific clinicopathologic syndromes, and explore variability in imaging and electrophysiology findings, and in postsurgical seizure control.