bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Pb-contaminated soil to Japanese quail (C
oturnix japonica) and the use of the blood–dietary Pb slope in risk assessment
Authors: Beyer W Nelson , Chen Yu , Henry Paula , May Thomas , Mosby David , Rattner Barnett A , Shearn-Bochsler Valerie I , Sprague Daniel , Weber John 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This study relates tissue concentrations and toxic effects of Pb in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) to the dietary exposure of soil-borne Pb associated with mining and smelting. From 0% to 12% contaminated soil, by weight, was added to 5 experimental diets (0.12 to 382 mg Pb/kg, dry wt) and fed to the quail for 6 weeks. Benchmark doses associated with a 50% reduction in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity were 0.62 mg Pb/kg in the blood, dry wt, and 27 mg Pb/kg in the diet. Benchmark doses associated with a 20% increase in the concentration of erythrocyte protoporphyrin were 2.7 mg Pb/kg in the blood and 152 mg Pb/kg in the diet. The quail showed no other signs of toxicity (histopathological lesions, alterations in plasma–testosterone concentration, and body and organ weights). The relation of the blood Pb concentration to the soil Pb concentration was linear, with a slope of 0.013 mg Pb/kg of blood (dry wt) divided by mg Pb/kg of diet. We suggest that this slope is potentially useful in ecological risk assessments on birds in the same way that the intake slope factor is an important parameter in risk assessments of children exposed to Pb. The slope may also be used in a tissue-residue approach as an additional line of evidence in ecological risk assessment, supplementary to an estimate of hazard based on dietary toxicity reference values. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:22–29. © 2013 SETAC
On the application of an environmental radiological assessment system to an anthropomorphic surrogate
Authors: Brown Justin E , Hosseini Ali , Dowdall Mark 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Recent developments have seen the expansion of the system of radiological protection for humans to one including protection of the environment against detrimental effects of radiation exposure, although a fully developed framework for integration of human and ecological risk assessment for radionuclides is only at an early stage. In the context of integration, significant differences exist between assessment methodologies for humans and the environment in terms of transfer, exposure, and dosimetry. The aim of this elaboration was to explore possible implications of the simplifications made within the system of environmental radiological protection in terms of the efficacy and robustness of dose–rate predictions. A comparison was conducted between human radiological assessment and environmental radiological assessment for an anthropomorphic surrogate, the results for which, produced by both the environmental and human-oriented risk assessment systems, were critically compared and contrasted. The adopted approach split the calculations into several parts, these being 1) physical transfer in an ecosystem, 2) transfer to humans, 3) internal doses to humans, and 4) external doses to humans. The calculations were carried out using both a human radiological assessment and ecological risk assessment system for the same surrogate. The results of this comparison provided indications as to where the 2 systems are amenable to possible integration and where such integration may prove difficult. Initial stage transport models seem to be an obvious component amenable for integration, although complete integration is arguably unattainable as the differences between endpoints mean that the relevant outputs from the models will not be the same. For the transfer and dosimetry components of 2 typical methodologies, it seems that the efficacy of the environmental system is radionuclide-dependent, the predictions given by the environmental system for 90Sr and 60Co being unsatisfactory and those for 239Pu and 210Po being evidently poor. Integration in this context might take the form of exploring the biokinetic models developed for humans with regard to selected animals and radionuclides. External dose assessment for environmental and human systems provide results for the surrogate that correspond quite closely providing an indication that integration in this regard is perhaps unnecessary. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:125–132. © 2013 SETAC
SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE IN KHUZESTAN, IRAN: ENVIRONMENTALLY REVISITED CRITERIA
Authors: Akram Mojtaba , Azari Ardavan , Nahvi Ali , Bakhtiari Zahra , Safaee Heydar D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTKhuzestan, a south‐western province of Iran with a hot climate, long growing season and lots of water, is the main region of subsurface drainage. Sugar cane is the major artificially drained crop.In the past, drainage rates had been chosen based on highest water‐consuming crop in the cropping pattern. This approach neglects crops with less water demands, natural drainage and direct flow towards perforated collectors or open deep drains, and soil water reservoirs. The drains are installed deeply which bring more saline drainage water out of the underlying strata into the environment.The environmental problems are due to the high volume of very poor quality drainage water. The low irrigation efficiency results in a high volume of drainage water. Deeper drains are also responsible for over‐drainage because they usually work longer and bring mined salt water out of the deeper strata.This paper attempts to show that in arid areas with a long irrigation season and/or high deep percolation one does not have to expect secondary salinization provided that the leaching requirement is met. Maintaining higher irrigation efficiency, installation of shallower drains and the application of controlled drainage are measures to reduce salt removal, and hence reduce environmental hazards. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal study on oral shedding of herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella‐zoster virus in individuals infected with HIV
Authors: van Velzen Monique , Ouwendijk Werner J.D. , Selke Stacy , Pas Suzan D. , van Loenen Freek B. , Osterhaus Albert D.M.E. , Wald Anna , Verjans Georges M.G.M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrimary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) and varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection leads to a life‐long latent infection of ganglia innervating the oral mucosa. HSV‐1 and VZV reactivation is more common in immunocompromised individuals and may result in viral shedding in saliva. We determined the kinetics and quantity of oral HSV‐1 and VZV shedding in HSV‐1 and VZV seropositive individuals infected with HIV and to assess whether HSV‐1 shedding involves reactivation of the same strain intra‐individually. HSV‐1 and VZV shedding was determined by real‐time PCR of sequential daily oral swabs (n = 715) collected for a median period of 31 days from 22 individuals infected with HIV. HSV‐1 was genotyped by sequencing the viral thymidine kinase gene. Herpesvirus shedding was detected in 18 of 22 participants. Shedding of HSV‐1 occurred frequently, on 14.3% of days, whereas solely VZV shedding was very rare. Two participants shed VZV. The median HSV‐1 load was higher compared to VZV. HSV‐1 DNA positive swabs clustered into 34 shedding episodes with a median duration of 2 days. The prevalence, duration and viral load of herpesvirus shedding did not correlate with CD4 counts and HIV load. The genotypes of the HSV‐1 viruses shed were identical between and within shedding episodes of the same person, but were different between individuals. One‐third of the individuals shed an HSV‐1 strain potentially refractory to acyclovir therapy. Compared to HSV‐1, oral VZV shedding is rare in individuals infected with HIV. Recurrent oral HSV‐1 shedding is likely due to reactivation of the same latent HSV‐1 strain. J. Med. Virol. 85:1669–1677, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phylogeny‐based classification of human rhinoviruses detected in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infection in Paraguay, 2010–2011
Authors: Espínola Emilio E. , Russomando Graciela , Aquino Carolina , Basualdo Wilma 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHuman rhinovirus (HRV), a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA virus, is associated with mild upper respiratory tract infections in children. The aim of this study was to carry out a molecular characterization and phylogeny‐based classification of the circulating genotypes of HRV in hospitalized children with clinical manifestations of acute lower respiratory infection in Paraguay. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 101 children under 5 years of age, hospitalized with symptoms of acute lower respiratory infection, between May 2010 and December 2011, at the largest public pediatric hospital in the Central Department of Paraguay. Detection was performed by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction, followed by conventional amplification of the VP4/VP2 genomic region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Rhinovirus was detected in 33.7% of the samples. Amplification of 18 samples showed the presence of all three species (HRV‐A, ‐B, and ‐C). Different genotypes were found for each species: 11 for HRV‐A (‐9, ‐12, ‐22, ‐30, ‐36, ‐43, ‐59, ‐61, ‐68, ‐88, and ‐89), one for HRV‐B (‐4), and four for HRV‐C (‐C2, ‐C3, ‐C6, and ‐C9). In South America, information about HRV diversity is scarce. This is the first report on HRV genotype diversity in South America. J. Med. Virol. 85:1645–1651, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the ‘local climate zone’ scheme using temperature observations and model simulations
Authors: Stewart Iain D. , Oke T. R. , Krayenhoff E. Scott 
Published: June 2013

Abstract‘Local climate zones’ (LCZs) comprise a new and systematic classification of field sites for heat island studies. The classification divides urban and rural landscapes into 17 standard classes, each defined by structural and land cover properties that influence air temperature at screen height. This study is the first to evaluate the conceptual division of LCZs with temperature observations and simulation results from surface–atmosphere models. Results confirm that thermal contrasts exist among all LCZ classes, and that such contrasts are governed largely by building height and spacing, pervious surface fraction, tree density, and soil wetness. Therefore, partitioning of landscapes into structural and land cover classes, or ‘LCZs,’ is deemed justified for the purposes of field site classification in heat island studies. Also justified is the use of inter‐zone temperature difference (ΔTLCZ X−Y) to quantify heat island magnitude. To further improve the LCZ system, we encourage other researchers to observe and model the climatic conditions of its varied classes. Especially useful would be tests using field data from different urban and rural environments to those in this study, and running more advanced urban canopy models with demonstrated predictive capability.
Probabilistic canonical correlation analysis forecasts, with application to tropical Pacific sea‐surface temperatures
Authors: Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCanonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a higher‐dimensional extension of univariate multiple regression that is often used to construct seasonal and other forecasts in a climatological context. Although its use is widespread, to date it has apparently been used only to produce nonprobabilistic forecasts. Here an analytic result for the prediction covariance matrix of vector CCA forecasts is presented, which is sufficient to define a full forecast probability distribution if a multivariate Gaussian distribution can reasonably be assumed for the forecast errors. The approach is illustrated by computing and verifying probabilistic seasonal forecasts for tropical Pacific sea‐surface temperatures.
Biomarkers in advanced larynx cancer
Authors: Bradford Carol R. , Kumar Bhavna , Bellile Emily , Lee Julia , Taylor Jeremy , D'Silva Nisha , Cordell Kitrina , Kleer Celina , Kupfer Robbi , Kumar Pawan , Urba Susan , Worden Francis , Eisbruch Avraham , Wolf Gregory T. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Prince Mark E.P. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Hogikyan Norman D. , Moyer Jeffrey S. , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if tumor biomarkers were predictive of outcome in a prospective cohort of patients with advanced larynx cancer treated in a phase II clinical trial.Study DesignProspectively collected biopsy specimens from 58 patients entered into a Phase II trial of organ preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer were evaluated for expression of a large panel of biomarkers, and correlations with outcome were determined.MethodsTissue microarrays were constructed from pretreatment biopsies and stained for cyclin D1, CD24, EGFR, MDM2, PCNA, p53, survivin, Bcl‐xL, Bcl‐2, BAK, rhoC, and NFκB. Pattern of invasion and p53 mutations were assessed. Correlations with overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), time free from indication of surgery, induction chemotherapy response, and chemoradiation response were determined. Cox models were used to assess combinations of these biomarkers.ResultsLow expression of BAK was associated with response to induction chemotherapy. Low expression of BAK and cytoplasmic NFκB was associated with chemoradiation response. Aggressive histologic growth pattern was associated with response induction chemotherapy. Expression of cyclin D1 was predictive of overall and disease‐specific survival. Overexpression of EGFR was also associated with an increased risk of death from disease. Bcl‐xL expression increased significantly in persistent/recurrent tumors specimens when compared to pretreatment specimens derived from the same patient (P = 0.0003).ConclusionsEvaluation of biomarker expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens can lend important predictive and prognostic information for patients with advanced larynx cancer.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:179–187, 2014
Lateral pharyngotomy for selected invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral oropharynx. Part II: When and why
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Benito José , Garcia Dominique , Menard Madeleine , Bonfils Pierre , Holsinger Christopher 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze local failure following lateral pharyngotomy for selected untreated invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lateral oropharynx.Study DesignRetrospective review from a university teaching hospital.MethodsInception cohort of 91 patients who underwent lateral pharyngotomy for an isolated and previously untreated selected invasive carcinoma of the lateral oropharynx classified as T1 (26), T2 (47), T3 (11), and T4 (7). Induction chemotherapy, neck dissection, and postoperative radiation therapy were used in 91.2%, 94.5%, and 53.5% of patients.ResultsThe 5‐year Kaplan‐Meier estimate of local failure was 16.6% for T1, 19% for T2, 38.6% for T3, and 16.7% for T4 lesions (P = .46). In a logistic regression model, only positive margins of resection statistically increased (P = .01) the risk for local failure. In patients with safe margins of resection, the 5‐year Kaplan‐Meier estimate of local failure was 5.6% for T1 lesions, 10.7% for T2 lesions, 23.8% for T3 lesions, and 20% for T4 lesions (P = .4). Local failure had a significant impact on increased nodal failure (P = .001) and on reduced survival (P < .0001).ConclusionThe lateral pharyngotomy approach should be viewed as a valuable oncologic alternative to both mandibulotomy and chemoradiation in patients with selected SCC of the lateral oropharynx.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2718–2722, 2013
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma: Update on a new diagnosis of salivary gland malignancy
Authors: Sethi Roshan , Kozin Elliott , Remenschneider Aaron , Meier Josh , VanderLaan Paul , Faquin William , Deschler Daniel , Frankenthaler Robert 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo review the known histopathologic findings and clinical behavior of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC).Data SourcesPubMed.Review MethodsLiterature search using the terms “Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma,” “Mammary analog secretory carcinoma,” and “MASC” to identify all relevant publications.ResultsMASC is an unusual and rare malignant salivary gland tumor first described in 2010. It shares histologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features with secretory carcinoma of the breast. The clinical behavior of MASC ranges from slowly growing tumors that infrequently recur after surgical resection to aggressive tumors that cause widespread metastasis and death. Many cases of MASC were discovered in archived cases previously classified as acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified.ConclusionMASC is a newly recognized variant of salivary gland malignancy. Further research is needed to better delineate its overall prevalence and to define an appropriate treatment algorithm for this new clinical entity.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:188–195, 2014
Stereocomplex Formation in Polylactide Multiarm Stars and Comb Copolymers with Linear and Hyperbranched Multifunctional PEG
Authors: Geschwind Jeannette , Rathi Sahas , Tonhauser Christine , Schömer Martina , Hsu Shaw Ling , Coughlin E. Bryan , Frey Holger 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA systematic comparison between graft poly(l‐lactide) copolymers with different topologies and their ability to form stereocomplexes with poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA) is performed. Comb and hyperbranched copolymers based on functional poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(l‐lactide) with molecular weights in the range of 2000–90 000 g mol−1 and moderate molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.08–1.37) are prepared via the combination of anionic and ring‐opening polymerization. Two “topological isomers,” a linear poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(glycerol) (PEG/PG) copolymer and a branched PEG/PG copolymer are used as backbone polymers. Furthermore, the stereocomplex formation between PDLA and the hyperbranched and comb copolymers containing poly(l‐lactide) arms is studied. Stereocomplex formation is confirmed by DSC as well as by Fourier transform IR (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy.magnified image
Soluble‐E‐cadherin activates HER and IAP family members in HER2+ and TNBC human breast cancers
Authors: Brouxhon Sabine M. , Kyrkanides Stephanos , Teng Xiaofei , O'Banion M. Kerry , Clarke Robert , Byers Stephen , Ma Li 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecent literature suggests that sEcad exerts pro‐oncogenic effects, possibly acting as a ligand for the human epidermal growth factor family. Here we show that sEcad is a novel candidate protein for drug targeting since it is increased in human and mouse HER2‐positive (HER2+) breast tumors, MMTV‐PyMT bodily fluids and human cell culture systems. Mechanistically, we show that endogenous sEcad, and to a lesser extent membrane‐bound E‐cadherin, associates with HER1, HER2, and HER3 in human and MMTV‐PyMT mouse HER2+ tumors and with HER1 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) specimens. Furthermore, addition of exogenous recombinant human E‐cadherin/Fc chimeric protein (rhEcad/Fc; sEcad) to HER2+ MCF‐7, SKBR3, and HER2‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 TNBC cells, resulted in sEcad‐HER receptor family interactions, activation of HER1−4 and downstream pro‐survival signaling, including the MAPK‐PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and IAP family members. Lastly, we demonstrate that sEcad exerts pro‐oncogenic effects via HER signaling, and acts additively with the HER ligand EGF to promote HER2+ breast cancer proliferation and migration, as well as TNBC invasion. Because sEcad associates and activates many of the oncogenic pathways that tumors utilize for growth and survival and serum levels in patients correlates with clinical response, suggests that targeted therapy against sEcad in combination with other therapies may potentially offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined noninvasive ventilation and mechanical in‐exsufflator in the treatment of pediatric acute neuromuscular respiratory failure
Authors: Chen Tai‐Heng , Hsu Jong‐Hau , Wu Jiunn‐Ren , Dai Zen‐Kong , Chen I‐Chen , Liang Wen‐Chen , Yang San‐Nan , Jong Yuh‐Jyh 
Published: June 2013

SummaryObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and complications of combined noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and assisted coughing by mechanical in‐exsufflator (MIE) for acute respiratory failure (ARF) in children with neuromuscular disease (NMD).MethodsA prospective study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit. Children with NMD and ARF treated by combined NIV and MIE were included. Treatment success was defined as freedom from tracheal intubation during the hospital stay. Physiologic indices including PaO2, PaCO2, pH, and PaO2/FiO2 were recorded before and 12, 24 hr after the use of NIV/MIE.ResultsCombined NIV/MIE was used in 15 NMD children (mean: 8.1 years, range: 3 months to 18 years) with 16 cases of ARF. There was no mortality in this cohort. Treatment success was achieved in 12 cases (75%), including six cases (38%) demanding “Do Not Intubate.” ARF was due to pneumonia, with a mean baseline PaCO2 of 73.2 ± 19.0 mmHg. In the success group, hypercarbia and acidosis improved after use of NIV/MIE for 24 hr (PaCO2: 71.7 ± 18.6 mmHg vs. 55.8 ± 11.6 mmHg, P < 0.01; pH: 7.29 ± 0.07 vs. 7.38 ± 0.05, P < 0.01). All patients tolerated NIV/MIE well despite transient skin pressure sores in five cases.ConclusionsCombined NIV/MIE is a safe and effective approach to rapidly improve physiologic indices and decrease the need for intubation in NMD children with ARF. NIV/MIE provides a good alternative for those refusing intubation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:589–596. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Evolution of Robotic Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Wilson Erik B. , Sudan Ranjan 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionThe growth of bariatric surgery has resulted in varying types of procedures with increasing complexity. Robotic digital platforms are employed in bariatric surgery to address this increasing complexity in the high‐risk obese patient population with difficult anatomy.Materials and MethodsThis review explores the literature and examines the reported outcomes and complications in using robotics for bariatric surgery. Robotic approaches to adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch are examined. Revisional cases, learning curves, and cost effectiveness are reviewed, with an eye toward the future of bariatric surgery as the use of robotics is adopted.ConclusionDigital platforms are showing great promise as enabling technology which advance bariatric outcomes. With increasingly complex bariatric cases being performed and revised, the insertion of digital information between the surgeon and the patient leads to better operations for the patient and the surgeon.