bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCA analysis of the nighttime anomaly in far-from-geomagnetic pole regions from VTEC GNSS data
Authors: Meza A. , Natali M. P. , Fernández L. I. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) is defined when the nighttime plasma density is greater than the daytime density in the area near the Weddell Sea, more specifically in the region limited by 50° S–70° S in latitude and 225° E–315° E in longitude. A similar ionospheric anomaly is also observed near the Okhotsk Sea in the northern hemisphere, and such a feature was named as Okhotsk Sea Anomaly (OSA).
The objective of this work is to infer possible physical causes of the WSA and OSA phenomena. To that end, we applied the principal component analysis (PCA) technique to the vertical total electron content (VTEC) from global International GNSS Service (IGS) in order to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of the ionosphere during noon and night in far-from-magnetic pole regions, during a 3-year period at high (2000–2002) and low (2006–2008) solar activity conditions.
The first mode of PCA applied on VTEC scattering represents on average the 93 % of the total VTEC variability. Thus, the PCA expansions up to mode 1 resulted enough to show WSA and OSA during summer solstices in both solar activity conditions, as well as WSA during spring equinox during low solar activity. Besides, the analysis of the temporal variations of these first modes should provide the interpretation of a probable physical explanation to the observed anomalies. We conclude that the main contributors to the anomalies should be a combination of the same physical mechanisms that explain annual variation and semiannual anomaly in that regions located far from the magnetic poles.
Sexual dimorphisms in leukocyte trafficking in a mouse peritonitis model
Authors: Kay Emma , Gomez-Garcia Lorena , Woodfin Abigail , Scotland Ramona S , Whiteford James R 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms exist in the incidence and severity of many diseases, with females demonstrating relative protection from inflammatory conditions. The extent and mechanisms by which excessive leukocyte recruitment underlies these differences are not well established, and better understanding is essential for the development of targeted therapies. Here, we set out to compare the male and female inflammatory response in a murine zymosan-induced peritonitis model and to understand how leukocyte subsets are mobilized from storage pools in both sexes. This work shows that female C57BL/6 mice recruit fewer classical monocytes and neutrophils during zymosan-induced peritonitis. In addition, sex differences were evident in the circulation, as female mice showed reduced neutrophilia and monocytosis vs. male counterparts, despite having similar mobilization from BM stores. Importantly, we show that storage and trafficking of splenic leukocytes during acute inflammation are distinct between the sexes. Male mice have greater splenic stores of neutrophils and classical and nonclassical monocytes, despite similar spleen sizes, signifying another source of potential pathogenic leukocytes. This work demonstrates that males and females have distinct leukocyte-trafficking profiles in acute inflammation and suggests that the spleen, not the BM, plays a role in determining sex differences in the available pool of immune cells. Such dimorphisms demonstrate the importance of considering gender in assay development, drug design, and clinical trials.
Biomolecule-assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Copper Sulfide Hollow Spheres
Authors: Zhu Yanjun , Liu Tao , Ma Wei , Zhang Dan , Zhang Ning , Chen Limiao , Liu Xiaohe , Qiu Guanzhou 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Copper sulfide (CuS) hollow spheres could be successfully synthesized in large quantities through a facile biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal synthetic method. The as-fabricated CuS hollow spheres showed specific capacitances and excellent cycling stability in supercapacitors.
Copper-catalyzed Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Triazine–Triazole Conjugates
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Wang Xiu , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A series of unsymmetrical triazine–triazole conjugates were prepared by the copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of 2-azide-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine with terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions. The heterocyclic conjugates were characterized as 1,4-substitution products. The UV–vis and photoluminescence properties of the triazine-based molecules were evaluated.
Mathematical modeling of processes in the human respiratory system
Authors: Канунникова  , Kanunnikova A. , Ивахно  , Ivakhno N. , Федоров  , Fedorov S. 
Published: July 2015

Scientific relevance and purpose. This research looks at the urgent task of modeling the structure of the human respiratory system and processes occurring in it, in order to predict the changes in physiological parameters occurring under different mechanical actions.
Results. This paper suggests mathematical model based on the description of equations of the mass flow and mass flow rate in the pulmonary channels in cases, when airways are branched in accordance with the prin-ciple of regular dichotomy with regard to the equations of work dynamics of the respiratory muscles and the ability to model different stresses in the breathing circuit, caused by trainers. The research examined the stresses generated by muscles in the radial and axial direction of the equivalent hollow cylinder, which represented the chest with regard to the elastic stress component in the cylinder wall and variable muscle stress in the circumfe-rential direction. The paper contains the results of mathematical modeling of breathing without stress, the graphs of volume and mass flow in lungs generations and pressure-flow diagram.
Conclusions. The developed mathematical models enable more precise multi-parameter modeling of the dynamics of functioning of complex biotech system &#34;respiratory muscles trainer - human&#34;, which enables the implementation of the prediction of shifts of physiological and mechanical properties from the values of the normal process and to adjust the control actions on this basis
Optimization Task Solving in AnyLogic Environment
Authors: Калугин  , Kalugin A. 
Published: July 2015

The paper delivers detailed description of computer optimization experiment recommended for conducting while learning Computer Modeling within
Informatics course. The article contains methodological recommendations, necessary illustrations, and tasks for individual work. Concrete example
illustrates application of new kinds of learning activity in AnyLogic computer modeling environment that is free of charge for educational purposes.
Characterization of Residue and Bio-Oil Produced by Liquefaction of Loblolly Pine at Different Reaction Times
Authors: Celikbag Yusuf , Via Brian K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of liquefaction time on the properties of residue and bio-oil produced by liquefaction of loblolly pine using ethylene glycol at 150°C. Liquefaction was carried out in a glass reactor for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The lowest residue content of 42 percent was obtained from 90 minutes of liquefaction. Fourier transform infrared analysis of residue and bio-oil revealed that as liquefaction time was prolonged, more hemicellulose underwent degradation, resulting in the formation of compounds containing carbonyl groups. An inverse correlation between the intensity of peaks at 1,734 cm−1 (carbonyl groups) and 3,293 cm−1 (OH stretching) in the infrared spectra of bio-oil was observed. X-ray diffraction analysis of residue supported the degradation of hemicellulose in the early stage of liquefaction as well as cellulose degradation as the liquefaction was prolonged. Finally, the hydroxyl number of bio-oil was determined by the phthalic anhydride esterification method and was found to be in the range of 1,230 to 1,427 mg KOH/g, depending on liquefaction time.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resol Resins from Bark Autoclave Extractives
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yan Ning , Feng Martin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
With the growing concern for fossil fuel depletion and environmental carbon footprint, there is a strong interest in exploring the renewable biomass materials as substitutes for petroleum-based feedstock. In this study, bark autoclave extractives from the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)–infested lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) were used for partially replacing petroleum-based phenol in the phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resol resin synthesis. The structural characteristics of the bark autoclave extractives were examined using liquid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The curing behavior and curing kinetics, bonding strength, and bond development of the resulting bio-based bark extractive–PF resol resins were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), lap shear, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests, respectively. Results showed that bark autoclave extractives were a complicated mixture containing tannin, degraded hemicellulose, and degraded lignin components. The bark extractive–PF resins exhibited a higher molecular weight, higher viscosity, shorter gel time, and faster curing rate than the laboratory-made PF resin without bark components. The bark extractive–PF resins had comparable bonding strength to a commercial PF resin even when the phenol replacement rate was as high as 50 percent by weight. Bark autoclave extractives obtained from the beetle-infested lodgepole pine are suitable as a partial replacement of petroleum-based phenol in making PF resol adhesives.
O método ArcGenx para programação de ônibus urbano e interação com a tabela de horários
Authors: Peixoto Silva Gustavo , D. Fares Gualda Nicolau 
Published: July 2015

<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><font size="1"><font size="1"><p align="left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Neste trabalho é apresentada uma versão estendida do método </span></p></font></font></span><font size="1"><p align="left"> </p></font></span><p align="left"><em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ArcGen</span></span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">, denominada </span></span><em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ArcGenX</span></span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, a qual corresponde a uma incorporação </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">de arcos de auto-atribuição à rede representativa do problema de programação de veículos. O método </span></span></span><em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ArcGen</span></span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, na forma originalmente </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">apresentada pelos autores, consiste em representar o Problema de Programação de Veículos (PPV) como um problema de </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">circulação numa rede capacitada e resolvê-lo utilizando o algoritmo </span></span></span><em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Out-of-Kilter </span></span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">associado a um processo de geração de arcos. A extensão </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">proposta permite identificar viagens previstas na tabela de horários, cuja eliminação leva à redução da frota de veículos e dos </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">custos operacionais envolvidos. Também permite realizar análises de sensibilidade advindas da flexibilização dos tempos de parada </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">nos terminais. Exemplos de aplicação a casos reais de empresas brasileiras de ônibus são apresentados, com detalhes sobre as conseqüências </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">para a programação dos veículos e as reduções da frota.</span></span></span></p>
Aplicación de la metodología del modelo de cuatro etapas para la determinación de tráfico en la red vial del área metropolitana de Montevideo
Authors: Nassi Carlos Davi , Facello Lucas , Sanchez Walter 
Published: July 2015

<p>RESUMEN</p><p>Este trabajo trata de una aplicación de la metodología de planificación de transportes, a partir del modelo de cuatro etapas utilizando el "software" de Sistema de Información Geográfica para Transportes, con el objetivo de estimar el flujo vehicular en un anillo vial perimetral del area metropolitana de Montevideo. </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>This work treats the transport planning methodology applied to the Montevideo metropolitan area. The four steps model has been utilized inside a Geographic Information "software" for Transport in order to forecast traffic flow for a by-pass highway planned for the region mentioned above.</p>
The iPad Pilot Project: A Faculty Driven Effort to Use Mobile Technology in the Reinvention of the Liberal Arts
Authors: McBeth Mark K. , Turley-Ames Kandi , Youngs Yolonda L. , Ahola-Young Laura , Brumfield Amy 
Published: July 2015

Mobile technology is pervasive in society and in particular among young people. The use of such technology in the classroom can be controversial and case studies and data on student perceptions of the technology are rare. This study presents the results of an iPad Pilot Project sponsored by a college at mid-sized university in a rural area in the United States. The study intersects the use of the iPad in the classroom with the reinvention of liberal arts education. Using case studies and student perceptions from survey data, the study concludes that the use of the iPads in the classroom can enhance critical thinking, collaboration, and participation and that the iPads were not a distraction in the classroom. The study details the different uses of the iPad in the classroom and how the technological use addressed several different problems raised by the use of technology.
Was ist eine Bibliothek? Physische Bibliotheken im digitalen Zeitalter
Authors: Bonte Achim 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Während die landläufigen Vorstellungen von „Bibliothek“ bislang beunruhigend statisch bleiben, erzwingen die fortschreitende Digitalisierung von Medien und die Mobilisierung des Mediengebrauchs längst neue Bedeutungsinhalte. In Fachkreisen entwickelt sich die Idee service- und erlebnisorientierter Lernräume anstelle des klassischen Medienspeichers zu einem gängigen Leitbild. Doch wie aussichtsreich ist diese neue Schwerpunktbildung? Und wie wird dieser Anspruch tatsächlich erfüllt und nachhaltig gesichert? Ausgehend von den Umbrüchen in der gesamten Informations- und Medienbranche beschreibt der Beitrag wesentliche Rahmenbedingungen für das Innovationsmanagement in Bibliotheken und die Schlussfolgerungen, die daraus zu ziehen sind. Anschließend werden einige konkrete Entwicklungschancen für physische Bibliotheksorte vorgestellt.
Some spectral results on Kakeya sets
Authors: Dover Jeremy M. , Mellinger Keith E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The finite field Kakeya problem asks both the minimum size of a point set inAG(2, q)which contains a line in every direction, as well as a characterization of the examples. Blokhuis and Mazzocca [2] solved this problem, and a subsequent paper [1] addresses the stability of this solution for even order planes, i.e. the spectrum of sizes near the minimum size of a Kakeya set for which non-minimum Kakeya sets exist. In this paper we provide some computational results in small order planes to determine the full spectrum of sizes of Kakeya sets. We then address some spectrum issues on the upper end of possible sizes, providing some bounds and new constructions.We also address the question of minimality, i.e.whether a given Kakeya set contains any smaller Kakeya set.
Projective normality and the generation of the ideal of an Enriques surface
Authors: Knutsen Andreas Leopold , Lopez Angelo Felice 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We give necessary and sufficient criteria for a smooth Enriques surface S ⊂ ℙr to be scheme-theoretically an intersection of quadrics. Moreover we prove in many cases that, when S contains plane cubic curves, the intersection of the quadrics containing S is the union of S and the 2-planes spanned by the plane cubic curves. We also give a new (very quick) proof of the projective normality of S if deg S ≥ 12.
A natural extension of the Young partition lattice
Authors: Bisi Cinzia , Chiaselotti Giampiero , Marino Giuseppe , Oliverio Paolo Antonio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Recently Andrews introduced the concept of signed partition: a signed partition is a finite sequence of integers ak, . . . , a1, a−1, . . . , a−l such that ak ≥ ... ≥ a1 > 0 > a−1 ≥ ... ≥ a−l. So far the signed partitions have been studied from an arithmetical point of view. In this paper we first generalize the concept of signed partition and we next use such a generalization to introduce a partial order on the set of all the signed partitions. Furthermore, we show that this order has many remarkable properties and that it generalizes the classical order on the Young lattice.
P wave detection and delineation in the ECG based on the phase free stationary wavelet transform and using intracardiac atrial electrograms as reference
Authors: Lenis Gustavo , Pilia Nicolas , Oesterlein Tobias , Luik Armin , Schmitt Claus , Dössel Olaf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRobust and exact automatic P wave detection and delineation in the electrocardiogram (ECG) is still an interesting but challenging research topic. The early prognosis of cardiac afflictions such as atrial fibrillation and the response of a patient to a given treatment is believed to improve if the P wave is carefully analyzed during sinus rhythm. Manual annotation of the signals is a tedious and subjective task. Its correctness depends on the experience of the annotator, quality of the signal, and ECG lead. In this work, we present a wavelet-based algorithm to detect and delineate P waves in individual ECG leads. We evaluated a large group of commonly used wavelets and frequency bands (wavelet levels) and introduced a special phase free wavelet transformation. The local extrema of the transformed signals are directly related to the delineating points of the P wave. First, the algorithm was studied using synthetic signals. Then, the optimal parameter configuration was found using intracardiac electrograms and surface ECGs measured simultaneously. The reverse biorthogonal wavelet 3.3 was found to be optimal for this application. In the end, the method was validated using the QT database from PhysioNet. We showed that the algorithm works more accurately and more robustly than other methods presented in literature. The validation study delivered an average delineation error of the P wave onset of -0.32±12.41 ms when compared to manual annotations. In conclusion, the algorithm is suitable for handling varying P wave shapes and low signal-to-noise ratios.
An Improved Path Planning Method Based on Artificial Potential Field for a Mobile Robot
Authors: Chen Wenbai , Wu Xibao , Lu Yang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
To solve the problem of local minima and unreachable destination of the traditional artificial potential field method in mobile robot path planning, chaos optimization is introduced to improve the artificial potential field method. The potential field function was adopted as a target function of chaos optimization, and a kind of “two-stage” chaos optimization was used. The corresponding movement step and direction of the robot were achieved by chaos search. Comparison of the improved method proposed in this paper and the traditional artificial potential field method is performed by simulation. The simulation results show that the improved method gets rid of the drawbacks, such as local minima and unreachable goal. Furthermore, the improved method is also verified by building up a physical platform based on “Future Star” robot. The success of the physical experiment indicates that the improved algorithm is feasible and efficient for mobile robot path planning.
Synthesis and properties of sodium alginate/poly(acrylic acid) double-network superabsorbent
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhou Yanmei , Meng Yang , Zhang Jiaxing , Liu Qingbing , Cao Qimeng , Yu Yueqin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA tough double-network (DN) superabsorbent was synthesized by a two-step method using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as a covalent cross-linker for one monomer [acrylic acid (AA)], Ca2+ (CaCl2) as an ionic cross-linker for the other monomer (sodium alginate [SA]) and ammonium peroxodisulfate as the redox initiator. The optimized experimental conditions for the absorbency in deionized water were determined according to orthogonal experiments. Unlike conventional chemical cross-linked single-network superabsorbents, SA/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) DN superabsorbents exhibit superb mechanical properties. Compared with the tensile strength of PAA-only superabsorbents, that of SA/PAA DN superabsorbents showed an approximately 371.9% increase with increasing amount of 6 wt.% SA. We also investigated the capacity of SA/PAA DN superabsorbents to remove heavy metal ions. It was found that the addition of SA can truly increase the metal ion removal capacity of the PAA superabsorbents and that the affinity order was Pb2+>Zn2+.
An environmental procedure to extract titanium components and metallic iron from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag
Authors: Zhang Wu , Zhang Li , Li Yuhai , Li Xin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn environmental procedure to extract titanium components and metallic iron from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag is accomplished via three steps, which are high-temperature modification, gravity separation and hydrometallurgy method. The behaviors of metallic iron during the high-temperature modification process are studied. The feasibility of separating rutile from the matrix phase are investigated; based on the feasibility analysis results, the gravity separation experiment is carried out in order to improve the TiO