bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas emission of diets in the Netherlands and associations with food, energy and macronutrient intakes
Authors: Temme Elisabeth HM , Toxopeus Ido B , Kramer Gerard FH , Brosens Marinka CC , Drijvers José MM , Tyszler Marcelo , Ocké Marga C 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) of diets in Dutch girls, boys, women and men and to explore associations with diet composition.DesignDescriptive analyses for the total population as well as stratified for gender, age and dietary environmental load.SettingThe Netherlands.SubjectsDutch children and adults aged 7–69 years (n 3818).ResultsThe GHGE of daily diets was on average 3·2 kg CO2-equivalents (CO2e) for girls, 3·6 kg CO2e for boys, 3·7 kg CO2e for women and 4·8 kg CO2e for men. Meat and cheese contributed about 40 % and drinks (including milk and alcoholic drinks) 20 % to daily GHGE. Considerable differences in environmental loads of diets existed within age and gender groups. Persons with higher-GHGE diets consumed more (in quantity of foods and especially drinks) than their counterparts of a similar sex and age with low-GHGE diets. Major differences between high- and low-GHGE diets were in meat, cheese and dairy consumption as well as in soft drinks (girls, boys and women) and alcoholic drinks (men). Of those, differences in meat consumption determined the differences in GHGE most. Diets with higher GHGE were associated with higher saturated fat intake and lower fibre intakeConclusionsGHGE of daily diets in the Netherlands is between 3 and 5 kg CO2e, with considerable differences between individuals. Meat, dairy and drinks contribute most to GHGE. The insights of the study may be used in developing (age- and gender-specific) food-based dietary guidelines that take into account both health and sustainability aspects.
Evaluation of the Balanced Menus Challenge: a healthy food and sustainability programme in hospitals in Maryland
Authors: Ranke Tarah D , Mitchell C Louise , St. George Diane Marie , D’Adamo Christopher R 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe Balanced Menus Challenge (BMC) is a national effort to bring the healthiest, most sustainably produced meat available into health-care settings to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and promote good nutrition. The present study evaluated the outcomes of the BMC in the Maryland/Washington, DC region.DesignThe BMC is a cost-effective programme whereby participating hospitals reduce meat purchases by 20 % of their budget, then invest the savings into purchasing sustainably produced meat. A mixed-methods retrospective assessment was conducted to assess (i) utilization of the BMC ‘implementation toolkit’ and (ii) achievement of the 20 % reduction in meat purchases. Previous survey data were reviewed and semi-structured interviews were conducted.SettingHospitals located in the Maryland/Washington, DC region, USA, that adopted the BMC.SubjectsTwelve hospitals signed the BMC in the Maryland/Washington, DC region and six were available for interview.ResultsThree hospitals in the Maryland/Washington, DC region that signed the BMC tracked their progress and two achieved a reduction in meat procurement by ≥20 %. One hospital demonstrated that the final outcome goal of switching to a local and sustainable source for meat is possible to achieve, at least for a portion of the meal budget. The three hospitals that reduced meat purchases also received and used the highest number of BMC implementation tools. There was a positive correlation between receipt and usage of implementation tools (r=0·93,P=0·005).ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that hospitals in the Maryland/Washington, DC region that sign the BMC can increase the amount of sustainably produced meat purchased and served.
Effect of the Dutch school-based education programme ‘Taste Lessons’ on behavioural determinants of taste acceptance and healthy eating: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Battjes-Fries Marieke CE , Haveman-Nies Annemien , Renes Reint-Jan , Meester Hante J , van ’t Veer Pieter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of the Dutch school-based education programme ‘Taste Lessons’ on children’s behavioural determinants towards tasting unfamiliar foods and eating healthy and a variety of foods.DesignIn a quasi-experimental study design, data on behavioural determinants were collected at baseline, four weeks and six months after the intervention in both the intervention and control group. Children completed consecutively three questionnaires in which knowledge, awareness, skills, attitude, emotion, subjective norm and intention towards the two target behaviours were assessed. Teachers implemented on average a third of the programme activities. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to compare individual changes in the determinants in the intervention group with those in the control group, corrected for children’s gender and age. Effect sizes were expressed as Cohen’sd.SettingDutch elementary schools.SubjectsForty-nine classes (1183 children, 9–12 years old) in grades 5–8 of twenty-one elementary schools.ResultsThe intervention group showed a higher increase in knowledge (d=0·26,P<0·01), which persisted after six months (d=0·23,P<0·05). After four weeks, the intervention group showed a higher increase in number of foods known (d=0·22,P<0·05) and tasted (d=0·21,P<0·05), subjective norm of the teacher (d=0·17,P<0·05) and intention (d=0·16,P<0·05) towards the target behaviours.ConclusionsPartial implementation of Taste Lessons during one school year showed small short-term effects on increasing behavioural determinants in relation to tasting unfamiliar foods and eating healthy and a variety of foods. Full and repeated implementation of Taste Lessons in subsequent years might result in larger effects.
Investment in financial literacy, social security, and portfolio choice
Authors: JAPPELLI TULLIO , PADULA MARIO 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present an intertemporal portfolio choice model where individuals invest in financial literacy, save, allocate their wealth between a safe and a risky asset, and receive a pension when they retire. Financial literacy affects the excess return from and cost of stock-market participation. Investors simultaneously choose how much to save, their portfolio allocation, and the optimal investment in financial literacy. The model implies that one should observe a positive correlation between stock-market participation (and risky asset share, conditional on participation) and financial literacy, and a negative correlation between the generosity of the social security system and financial literacy. The model also implies that financial literacy accumulated early in life is positively correlated with the individual's wealth and portfolio allocations in later life. Using microeconomic cross-country data, we find support for these predictions.
“Running Water Won't Freeze”: How people with advanced Parkinson's disease experience occupation
Authors: Murdock Carolyn , Cousins Wendy , Kernohan W. George 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjective:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition often resulting in significant disability and impacting on one's ability to participate in an occupation. The present study aimed to explore how people with advanced Parkinson's disease experience the phenomenon of occupation in their daily lives in order to inform the practice of occupational therapy in palliative care.Method:Using a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 10 people in the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. These interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and subsequently analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach. The study received approval from the relevant university ethics committee, as well as the research network of Parkinson's UK.Results:The experience of occupation emerged as being physical, psychological, social, and spiritual with related subthemes. Within each of these themes, participants described their experience of occupation that they valued and that were important to their daily lives. They also identified the strategies they employed to continue participating in certain occupations and described others they were no longer able to engage in and the impact of that loss.Significance of Results:Participants' experiences crossed the domains of palliative care and suggest that adopting a palliative care approach would enhance an enhanced quality of life, experienced in terms of meaningful and valuable occupation. Disruption to participation in occupation caused them distress and frustration, suggesting that access to occupation-focused therapy would significantly improve quality of life for people with PD. As there is a strong link between the ethos of occupational therapy and palliative care, it is proposed that there is a valuable role for occupational therapy intervention to play within palliative care.
WHEN ORGANIZATIONS MATTER
Authors: Ebert Kim , Estrada Emily P. , Lore Michelle Halla 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIncreasingly, scholars have argued that immigration politics are inseparable from racial politics, which implies that organizations and individuals who mobilize around racial group interests influence racialandimmigration attitudes and behaviors. How does the racial-political context influence anti-immigration lawmaking? In what ways does this influence vary at different stages of lawmaking? To address these questions, we combine comprehensive datasets of racially conservative organizations and state immigrant legislation and use negative binomial regression to estimate the count of anti-immigrant bills and laws in the fifty states from 1991 to 2010. We find that the presence of racially conservative organizations encourages theintroductionof exclusionary proposals, but only in contexts with a Republican-dominated government. At theapprovalstage, on the other hand, racially conservative organizations foster the passage of exclusionary laws, and this effect is heightened in contexts with a growing foreign-born population or where a majority of voters report anti-immigrant opinions or identify as conservative. This indicates that the institutionalization of the colorblind racial ideology (in the form of racially conservative organizations) resonates with lawmakers, but in a different manner when the stakes are higher. These findings have important implications and challenge previous research on the conditions under which advocacy organizations influence lawmaking and additional forms of group behavior.
‘WE DON’T ALL LOOK ALIKE’
Authors: Byrd W. Carson , Brunn-Bevel Rachelle J. , Sexton Parker R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe examination of student group performance is a constant need as American higher education continues to expand and become more racially and ethnically diverse. Recent scholarship on the academic performance of Black students at elite colleges and universities has glossed over possible disparities among these students, particularly among different immigrant groups. The current study clarifies these differences in academic performance by examining four Black student groups at elite colleges and universities in the United States: native Blacks, Black immigrants from Africa, Black immigrants from the Caribbean and Latin America, and Black immigrants from other parts of the globe. The analyses point to many similarities and differences among the four Black student groups in their characteristics and influences on their academic performance in college such as gender, precollege friendships, high school academic preparation, college major, and closeness to Whites and Blacks. Additionally, this study found evidence of possible colorism among Black students at elite colleges.
INTERSECTING INTERESTS
Authors: Minta Michael D. , Brown Nadia E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite claims by normative theorists that gender diversity in Congress leads to better representation of women’s interests, the results of empirical studies have been largely mixed. While some scholars have found positive effects of gender diversity, others have found very little impact. We argue that it is not the presence of White and minority women alone that makes political institutions more responsive to women’s issues, but rather it is the organizational presence of minority men along with minority women who make similar claims for inclusion, power, and organizational formation to achieve those goals that matters. We examine to what extent gender and racial diversity have led to more attention to issues that directly and indirectly impact women. Using congressional hearings data from 1951–2004, we find that the increased presence of minority men and women legislators in the House, but less so in the Senate, is responsible for keeping women’s interests on the congressional agenda. We demonstrate how an intersectional and additive approach can add both theoretical and empirical value to the study of political representation by demonstrating the impact of women and minorities in Congress.
Microbiology: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Money Nicholas P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In recent decades we have come to realize that the microbial world is hugely diverse, and can be found in the most extreme environments. Fungi, single-celled protists, bacteria, archaea, viruses, and sub-viral particles far outnumber plants and animals. Microbes play a critical role in ecosystems, in the chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans, and within our bodies. Microbiology: A Very Short Introduction explores not only the traditional methods of microscopy and laboratory culture, but also the modern techniques of genetic detection and DNA sequencing, genomic analysis, and genetic manipulation. In turn, it demonstrates how advances in microbiology have had a tremendous impact on the areas of medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.
Anticipated Increase in the Number of Patients Who Require Dialysis Treatment Among the Aging Population of Japan
Authors: Wakasugi Minako , Kazama Junichiro James , Narita Ichiei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aging population is anticipated to have a large impact on the number of incident dialysis patients, as the risk of end‐stage kidney disease increases with age. This study aimed to examine trends in the sex‐ and age‐specific incidence rates of dialysis between 2008 and 2012, and to assess the impact of population aging on the number of incident dialysis patients over the next decade in Japan. Incidence was calculated using published data and Japan's population statistics. The 2012 incidence was extrapolated, and projected future demographic changes within the Japanese population were used to estimate the number of incident dialysis patients in 2020 and 2025. As a general trend, the sex‐ and age‐specific incidence rates of dialysis decreased gradually between 2008 and 2012, except among men aged ≥80 years. The total number of incident dialysis patients was projected to increase by 12.8% from 36 590 in 2012 to 41 270 in 2025. Greater increases were observed in the oldest age group (≥85 years). In 2025, the number of incident dialysis patients in this group was projected to increase by 92.6% in men and 62.2% in women. This study shows the number of patients who initiate dialysis treatment is projected to increase over the next decade in Japan due to aging of the population. Effective strategies are needed to offset the challenges faced by the aging population, with a particular focus on octogenarians and older, given the notable proportion of patients requiring dialysis treatment in the future.
Acute Intradialytic Cardiac Function and Inflammatory Cytokine Changes During High‐Efficiency Online Hemodiafiltration With Acetate‐Free and Standard Dialysis Solutions
Authors: Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Srisawat Nattachai , Susantitaphong Paweena , Tungsanga Kriang , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Eiam‐Ong Somchai 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAcetate in standard acetate‐containing bicarbonate (AC) dialysis fluid could induce peripheral vasodilatation, suppression of myocardial function, and inflammatory cytokine production, resulting in intradialytic hypotension in conventional hemodialysis (HD) patients. Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) provides superior hemodynamic stability over HD. The potentially additive hemodynamic benefits of the novel acetate‐free bicarbonate (AF) dialysis fluid in online HDF have never been explored before. The present randomized, double‐blind, crossover study was conducted in 22 online HDF patients to investigate the impact of AF dialysis fluid on hemodynamic and cytokine changes compared with AC dialysis fluid in online HDF. The results demonstrated the comparable changes of arterial pressure between AF and AC online HDF. During the study periods, the incidences of composite intradialytic hypotension and other adverse events were not different. The baseline and hourly changes of cardiac index, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance during dialysis were comparable (P = 0.534, 0.199, and 0.641, respectively). The percent reductions of NT‐proBNP and cTnT were not significantly different (72.6 ± 12.3 vs. 72.6 ± 12.8%, P = 0.99 and 35.2 ± 12.8 vs. 36.7 ± 12.0%, P = 0.51). The changes of all pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐2β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α) and anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) during dialysis were comparable between both groups. In conclusion, AF dialysis solution does not offer additional hemodynamic benefit for stable online HDF patients. The hemodynamic stability provided by online HDF might protect the adverse effects of acetate.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Profile of Eggs from Laying Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Chia, Fish Oil, and Flaxseed
Authors: Coorey Ranil , Novinda Agnes , Williams Hannah , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets supplemented with fish oil, flaxseed, and chia seed on the omega‐3 fatty acid composition and sensory properties of hens’ eggs. No significant difference in yolk fat content was found between treatments. The fatty acid composition of egg yolk was significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Inclusion of chia at 300 g/kg into the diet produced eggs with the highest concentration of omega‐3 fatty acid. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were only detected in eggs from laying hens fed the diet supplemented with fish oil. Diet had a significant effect on color, flavor and overall acceptability of eggs. Types and levels of omega‐3 fatty acids in feed influence the level of yolk omega‐3 fatty acids in egg yolk. Inclusion of chia into the hens’ diet significantly increased the concentration of yolk omega‐3 fatty acid without significant change in sensory properties.
Diadenosine polyphosphates in the tears of aniridia patients
Authors: Peral Assumpta , Carracedo Gonzalo , Pintor Jesús 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeTo quantify diadenosine polyphosphate levels in tears of congenital aniridia patients to estimate the ocular surface changes associated with congenital aniridia compared to normal individuals.MethodsFifteen patients diagnosed with congenital aniridia and a control group of forty volunteers were studied. Tears were collected to quantify the levels of diadenosine polyphosphates Ap4A and Ap5A by high‐performance liquid chromatography (H.P.L.C). Break‐up time (BUT), corneal staining, McMonnies questionnaire and the Schirmer I test were applied to both groups.ResultsDinucleotides in congenital aniridia patients were higher than in control subjects. For the congenital aniridia group, under 15 years old, the values were 0.77 ± 0.01 μm and 0.17 ± 0.02 μm for Ap4A and Ap5A, respectively. The group aged from 15 to 40 years old provided concentrations of 4.37 ± 0.97 μm and 0.46 ± 0.05 μm for Ap4A and Ap5A, the group over 40 gave concentrations of 11.17 ± 5.53 μm and 0.68 ± 0.17 μm for Ap4A and Ap5A. Dinucleotide concentrations increased with age, being statistically significant different among the three age groups (p < 0.05). Congenital aniridia patients showed a normal tear secretion and no dry eye McMonnies scores, except for the group over 40 years old. BUT values decreased and corneal staining increased with age and correlated with the levels of diadenosine polyphosphates (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe levels of dinucleotides in tears increase in aniridia patients compared with healthy subjects, and they seem to be related with the progression of corneal disorders in aniridia patients, both of which increase with ageing.
Smoking during pregnancy and vision difficulties in children: a systematic review
Authors: Fernandes Michelle , Yang Xiao , Li Jinying Y. , Cheikh Ismail Leila 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCigarette smoking during pregnancy is a major public health concern. Intra‐uterine exposure to maternal cigarette smoking is associated with increased risks of growth and neurodevelopmental problems during childhood and later life. Few studies have focussed on visual difficulties in children in the context of maternal smoking during pregnancy. A systematic search of online databases was carried out between February and May 2013 to examine the trend in visual outcomes in children exposed to maternal cigarette smoking during intra‐uterine life. Twenty‐four non‐randomized studies were identified. Each study was rated for quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Most studies (n = 18) reported fetal exposure to active or passive maternal cigarette smoking to be associated with an increased risk of adverse visual outcomes in children. In particular, there were higher rates of strabismus, refractive errors and retinopathy among children of women who smoked during pregnancy. These findings suggest that fetal exposure to cigarette smoke is a significant risk factor for visual problems during later life and that certain visual faculties, such as the intraocular muscles and retinal neurons, are more affected than others. The findings provide evidence in support of public health policies aimed at reducing fetal exposure to smoking by advising both women and their partners to quit smoking during pregnancy.
Danish Rural Eye Study: the association of preschool vision screening with the prevalence of amblyopia
Authors: Høeg Tracy B. , Moldow Birgitte , Ellervik Christina , Klemp Kristian , Erngaard Ditte , la Cour Morten , Buch Helena 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence of amblyopia in Denmark before and after the initiation of the Danish national preschool vision screening programme.MethodsIn a population‐based cross‐sectional study, 3826 participants of the Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS) aged 20 years and older from a Danish rural municipality received a complete general health examination and an ophthalmological interview and examination. This study included a comprehensive ophthalmologic interview, measurement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in each eye, Hirschberg's test for strabismus and two 45‐degree retinal fundus photographs of each eye. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed when indicated.ResultsThe prevalence of monocular visual impairment (MVI) was 4.26% (95% CI, 3.66–4.95, n = 163). Amblyopia was the most common cause, accounting for 33%. The prevalence of amblyopia was 1.44% (95% CI, 1.01–1.81, n = 55), being higher among non‐preschool vision screened persons compared to those who were offered (estimated 95% attendance) preschool vision screening (1.78%, n = 41, 95% CI 1.24–2.33 versus 0.44%, n = 2, 95% CI, 0.12–1.60, p = 0.024). The leading cause of amblyopia was anisometropia (45.5%, 25/55).ConclusionsAmblyopia was the most common cause of MVI. Following the initiation of the Danish national preschool vision screening programme, which has an approximate attendance rate of 95%, the prevalence of amblyopia decreased by fourfold.