bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Default and liquidity regimes in the bond market during the 2002–2012 period
Authors: Dionne Georges , Chun Olfa Maalaoui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing a real‐time random regime shift technique, we identify and discuss two different regimes in the dynamics of credit spreads during 2002–2012: a liquidity regime and a default regime. Both regimes contribute to the patterns observed in credit spreads. The liquidity regime seems to explain the predictive power of credit risk on the 2007–2009 NBER recession, whereas the default regime drives the persistence of credit spreads over the same recession. Our results complement the recent dynamic structural models as well as monetary and credit supply effects models by empirically supporting two important patterns in credit spreads: the persistence and the predictive ability toward economic downturns.
OX40L blockade and allergen‐induced airway responses in subjects with mild asthma
Authors: Gauvreau G. M. , Boulet L.‐P. , Cockcroft D. W. , FitzGerald J. M. , Mayers I. , Carlsten C. , Laviolette M. , Killian K. J. , Davis B. E. , Larché M. , Kipling C. , Dua B. , Mosesova S. , Putnam W. , Zheng Y. , Scheerens H. , McClintock D. , Matthews J. G. , O'Byrne P. M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe OX40/OX40L interaction contributes to an optimal T cell response following allergic stimuli and plays an important role in the maintenance and reactivation of memory T effector cells.ObjectiveWe tested whether treatment with an anti‐OX40L monoclonal antibody (MAb) would inhibit allergen‐induced responses in subjects with asthma.MethodsTwenty‐eight mild, atopic asthmatic subjects were recruited for a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00983658) to compare blockade of OX40L using a humanized anti‐OX40L MAb to placebo‐administered intravenously in 4 doses over 3 months. Allergen inhalation challenges were carried out 56 and 113 days after the first dose of study drug. The primary outcome variable was the late‐phase asthmatic response. Other outcomes included the early‐phase asthmatic response, airway hyperresponsiveness, serum IgE levels, blood and sputum eosinophils, safety and tolerability.ResultsTreatment with anti‐OX40L MAb did not attenuate the early‐ or late‐phase asthmatic responses at days 56 or 113 compared with placebo. In the anti‐OX40L MAb treatment group, total IgE was reduced 17% from pre‐dosing levels, and sputum eosinophils decreased 75% by day 113 (both P = 0.04). There was no effect of anti‐OX40L MAb on airway hyperresponsiveness or blood eosinophils. The frequency of AEs was similar in both groups.Conclusion and Clinical RelevancePharmacological activity of anti‐OX40L MAb was observed by decreases in serum total IgE and airway eosinophils at 16 weeks post‐dosing, but there was no effect on allergen‐induced airway responses. It is possible that the treatment duration or dose of antibody was insufficient to impact the airway responses.
Self‐reported symptoms and health service use in adolescence in persons who later develop psychotic disorders: A prospective case‐control study
Authors: Bratlien Unni , Øie Merete , Haug Elisabeth , Møller Paul , Andreassen Ole A. , Lien Lars , Melle Ingrid 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate self‐reported psychiatric and somatic symptoms and health service use at age 16 in persons who later developed a psychotic disorder compared with a control group from the same geographical areas.MethodResponses concerning psychiatric or somatic health and health service use from Norwegian youth studies in a cohort of 15‐ and 16‐year‐olds in three Norwegian counties (N = 11 101, 90% response rate) were gathered. The questionnaire responses from persons later identified with a lifetime diagnosis of DSM‐IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) psychotic disorders (n = 30) (confirmed psychosis, CP) were compared with responses from the rest of the group (population control, PC) (n = 11 067). Follow‐up analyses were made for cases with a confirmed onset of a psychotic disorder after the time of the survey (n = 21).ResultsThe main significant differences between the CP and PC groups were more self‐reported anxiety, depression and ‘feeling in need of treatment for eating disorders’ at age 16 in the CP group. The rate of self‐reported eating disorder symptoms alone reached the level of statistical significance in the follow‐up analyses. The CP group did not use available health services to a markedly greater extent than the control group.ConclusionWe found that, in comparison with others, youths who were later identified with a psychotic disorder reported more symptoms at age 16.
“Reaching Out to the People”: The Cultural Production of Mental Health Professionalism in the South Indian Public Sphere
Authors: Chua Jocelyn Lim 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough a significant body of scholarship has examined medical discourse in clinical and other institutional settings, far less has been studied in regard to the discursive activity of health professionals in the public sphere. This line of inquiry is particularly relevant in Kerala, south India, where, for reasons including felt obligation, the political economy of allopathic mental health care, and desires for social prestige, many psychologists and psychiatrists actively engage the public as lecturers, authors, and guests of television and radio programs alongside their clinical work. Ethnographic attention to discursive activity in the public sphere reveals how these experts blur the boundaries between clinical and popular registers of speech and forge alternative ethical sensibilities and values that challenge institutionally prescribed ideas of clinical professionalism. They do so in ways that can attract reprobation and accusations of quackery among critical peers who hold competing ideas of where, how, and to whom mental health professionals “should” speak.
Revisions in real time: Spanish heritage language learners' writing processes in English and Spanish
Authors: Elola Idoia , Mikulski Ariana 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study presents data about the types of revisions and amount of time spent revising paragraph‐length comparison essays in English and Spanish for 12 Spanish‐as‐a‐heritage‐language learners who were enrolled in a third‐year Spanish course. Although most participants made revisions to both surface features and meaning in both languages, students devoted more time to meaning revisions and overall (surface and meaning) revisions when writing in English. The finding that revision behaviors were essentially the same in both English and Spanish suggests cross‐linguistic transfer.
Traditional fermented sausage ‘Nem chua’ as a source of yeast biocatalysts efficient for the production of the aroma compound γ‐decalactone
Authors: Do Thi Thuy Le , Vu Nguyen Thanh , Phan‐Thi Hanh , Cao‐Hoang Lan , Ta Thi Minh Ngoc , Waché Yves , Nguyen Thi Hoai Tram 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe yeast ecosystem of Nem chua, a Vietnamese traditional fermented sausage naturally rich in medium‐chain‐length lipid‐derived flavouring compounds, was investigated to select biocatalysts able to produce the C10‐fatty acid‐derived aroma compound γ‐decalactone. The total number of yeast was about 5 × 104 to 4 × 105 CFU g−1, and eighty four different species were identified from morphological, physiological and 26S rDNA characteristics, with Candida sake and Candida haemulonii being found in all samples. Six strains able to produce γ‐decalactone from castor oil were selected, of which three Yarrowia lipolytica strains were able to produce between 1 and 2 g L−1 in our study. The strains produced the same amount from the acyl substrate under the form of ester or free fatty acid. Every strain degraded the product at the end of the culture. These high productions make them good candidates for industrial processes and confirm that traditional fermented foods are interesting bioresources for biocatalysts.
Localized non‐conventional renal cell carcinoma: Prediction of clinical outcome according to histology
Authors: Kim Sung Han , Yang Hyung‐Kook , Moon Kyung Chul , Lee Eun‐Sik 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveA wide variety of parameters have been investigated in the prognostic significance of non‐conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aim of the present study was to compare its clinical outcome and to determine the independent prognostic factors according to the histology.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled localized non‐conventional clear cell renal cell carcinomas (T1a–T4N0M0), including Xp11.2 translocation (Xp11.2t), all surgically treated in a single institution between 1988 and 2011. The study statistically analyzed the clinicopathological parameters to compare the prognostic outcomes among the different histological subtypes of non‐conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma and to define any independent prognostic factors.ResultsA total of 374 cases were examined, including 126 papillary (33.7%), 164 chromophobe (43.9%), eight collecting duct (2.1%), 40 unclassified (10.7%), 16 Xp11.2t (4.3%), seven mucinous tubular and spindle cell (1.8%) renal cell carcinomas and 13 oncocytomas (3.5%). The mean follow up was 56.4 months, with s mean tumor size of 4.9 ± 3.4 cm. The 4‐year recurrence‐free survival, overall survival and cancer‐specific survival were inversely related to the increase of pathological T stages (P < 0.001). For histological type other than 13 oncocytomas and seven mucinous tubular and spindle cell renal cell carcinomas, the chromophobe showed the best prognosis of survival, followed by papillary, Xp11.2t, unclassified and collecting duct renal cell carcinomas, in this order. All survival rates were significantly different, as according to the histology (P = 0.009). The significant prognostic factors were preoperative body mass index (hazard ratio 0.76), serum albumin (hazard ratio 0.64), T stage (hazard ratio 2.28), the sarcomatoid differentiation (hazard ratio 33.45) and lymphovascular invasion (hazard ratio 12.40) in pathology (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDifferent non‐conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma subtypes have significantly different clinical characteristics of prognosis with many suggestive predictive factors of survival.
On the Existence of Cross‐Reactive Antigens between Candida and Mycobacterium
Authors: Maekawa Shizue , Ohara Tohru 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe existence of cross‐reactive antigens between the genera Candida and Mycobacterium and their distributions among the following 7 strains of genus Candida and 9 strains of genus Mycobacterium were investigated by gel‐diffusion precipitation and passive hemagglutination reaction: C. albicans 1001, C. krusei 1005, C. guilliermondii 1007, C. stellatoidea 1016, C. tropicalis 1003, C. parakrusei 10232, C. pseudotropicalis 1004, M. tuberculosis (H37Rv and Nakano), M. bovis (BCG and Miwa), M. avium (Takeo), M. phlei (Phlei), M. smegmatis (Smegma and M607) and M. microti (Vole). Strong cross‐reactions between C. pseudotropicalis and various strains of Mycobacterium (H37Rv, Nakano, BCG and Miwa) were observed and weak cross‐reactions between C. krusei and the same strains of Mycobacterium by both gel‐diffusion precipitation and passive hemagglutination reaction. Cross‐reactions were not observed by the same precipitation reaction between any other strains of Candida and any strains of Mycobacterium. By passive hemagglutination reactions, cross‐reactions between C. albicans, C. guilliermondii or C. parakrusei and some strains of Mycobacterium were observed although the cross‐reactions between these strains were not demonstrated by gel‐diffusion precipitation. Although existence of the cross‐reactive antigens could not be demonstrated in the cells of C. stellatoidea and C. tropicalis by either gel‐diffusion precipitation or the passive hemagglutination reaction, the cells of these two Candida strains could absorb the cross‐reactive antibodies from the anti‐Mycobacterial sera which react to the antigens of C. pseudotropicalis and C. krusei. These results suggest that C. stellatoidea and C. tropicalis contain minor cross‐reactive antigens which could not be demonstrated by direct methods. The results indicate rather wide distribution of the cross‐reactive antigens among the genus Mycobacterium and of limited distributions among the genus Candida.
Drug Resistance of Staphylococci
Authors: Kono Megumi , Kasuga Tokuhiko , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTExamination of cross resistance to macrolide antibiotics in erythromycin resistant staphylococcal strains isolated from clinical sources in the United States showed that there were two types of cross resistance, group A (13.4%) and group C (86.6%). Group A possessed multiple resistance to the macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin, oleandomycin, leucomycin and spiramycin, and was also resistant to lincomycin. In group C, resistance to erythromycin alone or to both erythromycin and oleandomycin could be induced by exposure to erythromycin.
Behavior of Some Episomal Elements in a Recombination‐Deficient Mutant of Escherichia coli
Authors: Takano Toshiya 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTConjugal transfer and autonomous replication of some episomes occurred normally in a recombination‐deficient (Rec–) mutant of Escherichia coli K‐12. Transduction with phage Plbt of an R factor also occurred normally in this Rec– mutant, but complete or abortive transduction with Plbt of chromosomal genes did not occur. In contrast, transduction of galactose genes by phage λdg occurred in the Rec– bacteria as frequently as in the Rec+ strain. It was shown that phage Plbt does not grow at all on the Rec–bacteria. Recombination between two different R factors, two mutants of phage λ and two mutants of phage T4 occurred normally in the Rec– bacteria, but did not give a Rec+ phenotype to the host bacteria. Colicinogenic factor I made the Rec– host bacteria more resistant to ultraviolet light but the colicinogenic strain was still infertile in the crosses with the Hfr srains of E. coli K‐12.
Latent H Locus in Non‐motile Escherichia coli
Authors: Matsumoto Hideki , Tazaki Tadakatu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTTransfer of flagellar characters from a motile strain of E. coli K12 Hfr to non‐motile strains of E. coli F— by sexual conjugation and transduction tests was done. Motile recombinants were obtained from eight out of ten non‐motile strains tested. Non‐motile strains of E. coli tested were classified into three genetic groups according to their flagellar characters: (1) Motile recombinants of the first group possessed H antigens other than that of the donor (E. coli K12), or possessed the same H antigens as that of the donor, inheriting their latent H locus intact. (2) The H antigens of the motile recombinants from the second group were always the same as that of donors. Attempts to prove existence of latent H locus in strains in this group by recombination and transduction were unsuccessful. (3) No motile recombinants were obtainable from the third group of non‐motile E. coli strains. In addition to the above, some of our experimental data on the motility of E. coli are described.
Colicine Typing of Shigella sonnei
Authors: Aoki Yoshio , Naito Tatsuro , Matsuo Sosuke , Fujise Naota , Ikeda Akiko , Miura Kayuko , Yakushiji Yoshiko 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTColicine typing of Shigella sonnei using the methods of Naito et al. and Abbott and Shannon were performed in parallel on a large number of epidemic strains, the indicator strains used in both methods, and on stock strains used to test the accuracy of the indicators. The following results were obtained after typing 462 epidemic strains: by Naito's method, 18 strains were in A1, 87 in A2, 33 in B1, 253 in B2, 38 in C1, 3 in C2, 2 in D, and 3 in E, and 25 strains were unclassifiable; while by Abbott and Shannon's method, using the present authors' simplified designation, 189 strains were in type 6/11, 124 in type 4/14, 85 in type O, and 41 in type 8, and 23 strains were either in other types or found unclassifiable. Naito's type A was in large part, equivalent to Abbott and Shannon's type O, but included some type 6/11 and type 4/14 strains. Naito's type B consisted of types 6/11, 4/14, 3A and 13, and type E consisted of 1A, IB, 3, 5, 9, and 10. Type C coincided with type 8 and type D with type 12. In addition, there were strains determined to be Abbott and Shannon's types 6/11, 4/14, 2, 7 and 9. The Abbott and Shannon's method revealed the possibilities of these strains to be classified in further detail. This is considered to be attributable not merely to the lack of indicators in the Naito's method corresponding to those of Abbott and Shannon's, but also to insufficient production of certain colicines in the Naito's method. Because of the type distribution found in Japan at present, further investigation should be done so that types 6 and 11, and types 4 and 14 can be separated.
Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria
Authors: Harada Kenji , Kameda Mitsuo , Suzuki Mitsue , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA nontransferable R21 (TC) factor was obtained by transduction of R10 (TC.CM.SM.SA) with phage epsilon in group E Salmonella. The R21 (TC) factor acquired transmissibility by the normal conjugal process when group E Salmonella strains harboring R21 (TC) factor were infected with wild‐type F or R16 (CM) factor. This transmissibility at high frequency was accounted for by the formation of the recombinant F TC and R10 (CM) TC factors. The F TC and R16 (CM) TC factors were genetically the same as the original F and R16 (CM) factors, except for the ability to confer TC resistance. In the transduction of F TC factor with phage P1, a dF TC (d: defective) factor was obtained that was defective in many F properties, such as the ability to introduce host chromosome and produce male substance, but was capable of transducing TC resistance (dF TC‐infection) at low frequency.
Two Types of Slowly Growing, Nonphotochromogenic Mycobacteria Obtained from Soil by the Mouse Passage Method: Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium novum
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTTwo types of slowly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria, Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium novum, were isolated from soil by mouse body passage method. The former was presented previously by the present author as a new species. Its characteristics are better clarified in this paper based on the data of 93 strains. Mycobacterium novum is a slowly growing nonphotochromogen. It grows at 10 to 14 days on egg media and does not grow on Sauton agar. It grows on Ogawa egg medium containing either 0.2% (w/v) sodium p‐aminosalicylate, 0.1% (w/v) sodium salicylate or 0.25 mg/ml NH2OH·HCl. It is differentiated from M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. microti by these characters. It grows at 28 C and 37 C, but does not grow at 45 C. Other characteristics are: nitrate not reduced; negative two week arylsulphatase; negative niacin test; and no amidase clemonstrated. None of the carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds tested could be utilized as the sole source of carbon or of nitrogen in synthetic agar medium. It survived in mouse organs for three to four weeks. It was noticed that these mycobacteria occur very commonly in soil.
Numerical Classification of Atypical Mycobacteria
Authors: Tsukamura Michio , Mizuno Shoji , Tsukamura Sumio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA numerical classification using fifty‐two characters was done on 72 strains of mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium avium, M. terrae, the pathogenic nonphotochromogens and the pathogenic scotochromogens. The results indicated that the test strains could be divided into two subgroups, the first consisting of M. avium and M. terrae and the second of the nonphotochromogens and the scotochromogens. Distinguishing characters for differentiation between these organisms were described, and taxonomic position of these organisms was discussed.
Classification of Scotochromogenic Mycobacteria
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTNumerical classification of scotochromogenic mycobacteria revealed the presence of four groups: (1) Mycobacterium xenopei; (2) M. marianum, M. scrofulaceum, M. aquae and M. gordonae; (3) M. acapulcensis and M. flavescens; and (4) M. aurum. Each of these groups was considered to be a species. Characteristics of these groups were described.
Suppression of Growth of Herpes Simplex Virus in Chick Embryo Fibroblasts at 40 C
Authors: Yoshino Kamesaburo , Taniguchi Sadako , Takeuchi Hisayo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFour strains of herpes simplex virus tested all showed inability to form plaques in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) at 40 C, while no such suppression of growth was observed with WEE, vaccinia or JE virus in the same cells. The suppression was not due to a complete inhibition of viral growth, because virus‐infected CEF bottle cultures consistently showed a small but definite increase of virus titer in 24 hr. When CEF monolayers adsorbing herpes virus were placed at 40 C, the number of infective centers decreased gradually; however, this decrease was much slower than the degradation of free virus at this temperature. Transfer of virus‐infected CEF bottle cultures from 35 C to 40 C at any time during a one step growth cycle promptly slowed down subsequent virus replication. When virus‐infected CEF bottles were incubated first at 40 C for 24 hr and then transferred to 35 C, a new increase in virus titer took place following a short lag. What stage of virus replication is suppressed at 40 C remains yet to be determined.
Classification of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
Authors: Tsukamura Michio , Mizuno Shoji , Tsukamura Sumio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTType or representative strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria were tested in respect to 97 characters and submitted to a numerical classification. The results revealed that the following species be recognized: (1) Mycobacterium rhodochrous; (2) M. chitae; (a) M. phlei; (4) M. thamnopheos; (5) M. borstelense; (6) M. fortuitum; (7) M. vaccae; (8) M. parafortuitum; (9) M. smegmatis. Biologic and biochemical characters of type strains of these species were described. M. fortuitum was divided into two subspecies, M. fortuitum subsp. fortuitum and M. fortuitum subsp. abscessus. M. runyonii is synonym of M. abscessus and therefore has been included to the subspecies abscessus. M. parafortuitum was divided into two subspecies, M. parafortuitum subsp. parafortuitum and M. parafortuitum subsp. aurum, M. aurum being reduced to a subspecies. M. smegmatis was divided into two subspecies (or varieties), M. smegmatis subsp. smegmatis and M. smegmatis subsp. lacticola.
A Simple Method for the Serum Neutralization with Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus Utilizing Plaque Inhibition by Agar‐diffused Antibody
Authors: Kiyota Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe cup method commonly used in antibiotic assay was applied to the serum neutralization with JE virus. A cup was fixed in the overlay covering chick embryo cells and filled with a test serum, and diffusion of antibody was allowed to take place at 20 C before addition of virus onto the agar surface. When the overlay contained 0.6% agar, 0.1 to 0.27% of the virus penetrated the overlay and formed plaques leaving a plaque inhibition zone around the cup. A clear inhibition zone was produced when the interval between the addition of serum and virus inoculation was 2 days, the amount of virus given per dish being 5×105 PFU, and the dishes were subsequently incubated at 20 C for one day and then at 35 C for 3 days before staining with neutral red. The plaque inhibition zone diameter was in linear relation to the logarithm of the antibody concentration used. The sensitivity of the test was such that positive results were obtained with sera possessing endpoint titers higher than 1 : 10 as determined by the ordinary 50% plaque reduction test. When sera of 83 children with different vaccination histories were tested by the present cup method and by the 50% plaque reduction method in parallel, a good correlation was observed between the two titers.