bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Sustained Binge Drinking in Young Adults
Authors: Wellman Robert J. , Contreras Gisèle A. , Dugas Erika N. , O'Loughlin Erin K. , O'Loughlin Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundBinge drinking occurs frequently among young adults, posing risks to health and safety. Little is known, however, about which drinkers continue to binge later into adulthood. We sought to identify predictors of sustained binge drinking behaviors in young adulthood.MethodsParticipants from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) cohort (n = 609, 53% female) completed self‐report questionnaires in 20 survey cycles (SCs) during secondary school between 1999 and 2005, and in 2 postsecondary school SCs in 2007 to 2008 (SC 21; Mage = 20 years) and 2011 to 2012 (SC 22; Mage = 24 years). Participants reporting past‐year binge drinking in both SCs 21 and 22 were categorized as sustainers (n = 517). Using multivariable logistic regression, we investigated 25 potential predictors of sustained binge drinking, binge‐drinking frequency, and change in frequency over time among sustainers.ResultsCompared with stoppers, sustainers (85% of participants) were more likely to be younger, male, and to have no college/university education. Sustainers began drinking alcohol and binge drinking earlier, drank at least monthly during more secondary school grades, binged more frequently at age 20, and scored higher on impulsivity and novelty seeking in adolescence. Among sustainers, frequent binge drinkers were more likely to be male, to be nonstudents, to score higher on novelty seeking, and to have reported more depressive symptoms in adolescence. Sustainers who decelerated their binge frequency between SCs 21 and 22 were more likely to be female, to have achieved a higher level of education, and to report more depressive symptoms in SC 21.ConclusionsThe determinants of sustained binge drinking are similar to predictors of binge drinking reported in the literature. Early identification of, and intervention with, youth who are impulsive, inclined toward novelty seeking, and who report higher levels of early sub clinical depressive symptoms might forestall their involvement in risky alcohol use.
Effects of Chronic Heavy Alcohol Consumption and Endurance Exercise on Cancellous and Cortical Bone Microarchitecture in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Johnson Teresa L. , Gaddini Gino , Branscum Adam J. , Olson Dawn A. , Caroline‐Westerlind Kim , Turner Russell T. , Iwaniec Urszula T. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundBone health is influenced by numerous lifestyle factors, including diet and exercise. Alcohol is a major nonessential constituent of diet and has dose‐ and context‐dependent effects on bone. Endurance exercise is associated with increased risk of stress fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine the long‐term independent and combined effects of chronic heavy alcohol consumption and endurance exercise (treadmill running) on bone mass and microarchitecture in young adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats.MethodsSix‐month‐old male rats were randomized into 4 groups (9 to 13 rats/group): sedentary + control diet, sedentary + ethanol (EtOH) diet, exercise + control diet, or exercise + EtOH diet. EtOH‐fed rats consumed a liquid diet (EtOH comprised 35% of caloric intake) ad libitum. Control rats were pair‐fed the same diet with isocaloric substitution of EtOH with maltose‐dextran. Exercise was conducted on a motorized treadmill (15% grade for 30 minutes) 5 d/wk for 16 weeks. Femur and 12th thoracic vertebra were analyzed for bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) using densitometry and cortical and cancellous bone architecture using microcomputed tomography.ResultsEtOH consumption resulted in lower femur length, BMC, and BMD, and lower midshaft femur cortical volume, cortical thickness, and polar moment of inertia. In addition, trabecular thickness was lower in vertebra of EtOH‐fed rats. Endurance exercise had no independent effect on any end point evaluated. A significant interaction between endurance exercise and EtOH was detected for several cancellous end points in the distal femur metaphysis. EtOH‐consuming rats that exercised had lower distal femur metaphysis bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular connectivity density, and trabecular thickness compared to exercising rats that consumed control diet.ConclusionsThe results obtained in this model suggest that chronic heavy alcohol consumption may reduce skeletal integrity by reducing bone size, mass, and density, and by negatively altering bone microarchitecture and may increase fracture risk associated with endurance exercise at weight‐bearing skeletal sites.
The influence of niche and neutral processes on a neotropical anuran metacommunity
Authors: Prado Vitor H. M. , Rossa‐Feres Denise de C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOne of the most important questions in ecology is the relative importance of local conditions (niche processes) and dispersal ability (neutral processes) in driving metacommunity structure. Although many studies have been conducted in recent years, there is still much debate. We evaluated the processes (niche and neutral) responsible for variation in anuran composition in 28 lentic water bodies in southeastern Brazil. Because anurans depend heavily on environmental conditions, we hypothesized that environmental variables (niche processes) are the most important drivers of community composition. Additionally, as anurans have limited dispersal abilities, and the study region presents harsh conditions (high forest fragmentation, low rainfall and long dry season), we expected a lower, but significant, spatial signature in metacommunity structure, due to neutral dynamics. We used a partial redundancy analysis with variation partitioning to evaluate the relative influence of environmental and spatial variables as drivers of metacommunity structure. Additionally, we used a recently developed spatial autocorrelation analysis to test if neutral dynamics can be attributed to the pure spatial component. This analysis is based on predictions that species abundances are independent but similarly spatially structured, with correlograms similar in shape. Therefore, under neutral dynamics there is no expectation of a correlation between the pairwise distance of spatial correlograms and the pairwise correlation of species abundances predicted by the pure spatial component. We found that the environmental component explained 21.5%, the spatial component 10.2%, and the shared component 6.4% of the metacommunity structure. We found no correlation between correlograms and correlation of abundances predicted by the pure spatial component (Mantel test = −0.109, P = 0.961). In our study, niche‐based processes are the dominant process that explained community composition. However, neutral processes are important because spatial variation can be attributed to pure neutral dynamics rather than to missing spatially structured environmental factors.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: diagnosis and management; a survey of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology fellows
Authors: Arthur Chris , Mahomed Kassam 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is an uncommon obstetric condition characterised by intense maternal pruritis and biochemical abnormality. There is a degree of contention regarding the diagnosis and management of ICP, and currently, there are no nationally accepted guidelines.AimsTo conduct a survey of Fellows and Members of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) regarding their diagnosis and management ICP.MethodsAn online survey of currently practising RANZCOG Fellows and Members, utilising Survey Monkey.ResultsThirty percent of those sent the survey responded, comprising approximately 40% of practising obstetricians. Fasting bile acid and serum transaminase elevation in association with the characteristic itch define the disease process for the majority of respondents and also inform management decisions. There was no critical level of bile acid elevation that mandated treatment for the majority of respondents. Nearly 90% of respondents induce women with ICP at 37–38 completed weeks of pregnancy, due to concerns regarding possible fetal demise. About one‐third of respondents refer to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) Green‐top Guideline to advise their decision‐making process, and a similar proportion use local or hospital‐based guidelines.ConclusionsElevated fasting bile acids and abnormal liver function tests define the diagnosis and inform management of ICP by Australian obstetricians. Routine induction of labour for patients with ICP at 37–38 completed weeks of pregnancy is widely practised in Australia. An evidence‐based guideline would assist clinicians who manage such cases in Australia.
The association between increasing maternal age at first birth and decreased rates of spontaneous vaginal birth in South Australia from 1991 to 2009
Authors: Baghurst Peter , Robson Stephen , Antoniou Georgia , Scheil Wendy , Bryce Robert 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundCaesarean section rates in Australia rose over the period 1999–2009, as did maternal age at first birth. The contribution of the rise of maternal age to the rise in caesarean sections remains unclear.AimsTo estimate the effect of increasing maternal age on the incidence of emergency caesarean section or instrumental delivery in term singleton first births in South Australia.MethodsWe undertook a population‐based study of 117 981 term singleton first births, which followed labour during the period 1991–2009, using data from the South Australian Perinatal Statistics Collection. The main outcome measures were deliveries other than spontaneous vaginal births (SVB) (emergency caesarean section or instrumental birth) and emergency caesarean section alone. Logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsIncreasing maternal age at first birth was found to be associated with delivery other than SVB and emergency caesarean section. The adjusted odds of delivery other than SVB increased multiplicatively by approximately 1.49 (95% CI, 1.47–1.51) per five‐year rise in maternal age, and the odds of emergency caesarean section increased multiplicatively by approximately 1.39 (95% CI, 1.37–1.42) per five‐year rise. Although there are likely to be many reasons for the effect, increases in maternal age at first birth made a contribution in up to 75% of the observed increase in delivery other than SVB from 44.0% to 49.6% over the study period.ConclusionsRising maternal age at first birth appeared to contribute to a large proportion of the increase in deliveries other than SVB in South Australia.
A novel ‘uterine sandwich’ for haemorrhage at caesarean section for placenta praevia
Authors: Matsubara Shigeki , Kuwata Tomoyuki , Baba Yosuke , Usui Rie , Suzuki Hirotada , Takahashi Hironori , Ohkuchi Akihide , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: February 2014

Although massive haemorrhage at caesarean section (CS) for placenta praevia is a serious concern, effective treatment is not yet determined. We performed a new uterine sandwich to achieve haemostasis at CS for total placenta praevia in five consecutive cases in whom the placenta reached up to >5 cm from the internal cervical os in all directions of an uterine wall. A Matsubara‐Yano (MY) uterine compression suture was placed, followed by placement of an intrauterine balloon. Haemostasis was achieved in all five cases with median blood loss of 1618 mL. No short‐term adverse events were observed. The MY sandwich can be used to achieve haemostasis at CS for placenta praevia.
Long‐term outcome of portomesenteric vein invasion and prognostic factors in pancreas head adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jeong Jaehong , Choi Dong W. , Choi Seong H. , Heo Jin S. , Jang Kee‐Taek 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to clarify the post‐operative prognosis of pancreatic head cancer with pathologic portal vein (PV) or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) invasion.MethodsFrom May 1995 to December 2009, preoperative, intra‐operative and post‐operative data from 276 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. The long‐term prognosis was compared between patients with a pathologic PV‐SMV invasion and those without invasion.ResultsFourty‐six patients (16.7%) underwent PV‐SMV resection during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pathologic PV‐SMV invasion was observed in 30 (65.2%). Post‐operative severe morbidity (grade 3 or 4) was similar for patients with and without PV‐SMV resection (8.7% with versus 7.0% without P = 0.754). The mortality rate was 2.2% with PV‐SMV resection and 0.9% without PV‐SMV resection (P = 0.423). Survival of PV‐SMV resection and no resection group had no significant difference (median survival, 16 versus 12 months; P = 0.086). No significant difference in overall survival was seen between patients with and without pathologic PV‐SMV invasion (median survival, 13 versus 16 months; P = 0.663). Tumour differentiation, R status, tumour size and type of operation were revealed as independent prognostic factors.Conclusions34.8% of patients who underwent PV‐SMV resection had no pathologic invasion. And PV‐SMV resection did not increase the rate of severe complications and mortality. Furthermore, the prognosis for patients with pathologic PV‐SMV invasion may be nearly the same as patients with no invasion. So, PV‐SMV resection with reconstruction should be considered in pancreatic head cancer patients with suspected PV‐SMV invasion.
In vitro gas production in rumen fluid of buffalo as affected by urea‐calcium mixture in high‐quality feed block
Authors: Cherdthong Anusorn , Wanapat Metha 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of urea‐calcium sulphate mixture (U‐cas) levels in high‐quality feed block (HQFB) on ruminal digestibility, fermentation and gas kinetics in rumen fluid of swamp buffalo by using in vitro techniques. The treatments were seven levels of U‐cas incorporated in HQFB at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18% and the experimental design was a completely randomized design. Gas production rate constants for the insoluble fraction, potential extent of gas and cumulative gas were linearly increased with increasing levels of U‐cas in HQFB. The in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro organic matter digestibility, true digestibility and microbial mass were altered by treatments and were greatest at 18% U‐cas supplementation. Concentrations of propionate were linearly increased with increasing levels of U‐cas and was highest with U‐cas supplementation at 18%. The NH3–N concentration was highest when urea was added in the HQFB while NH3–N concentration tended to be reduced with increasing level of U‐cas. The findings suggest supplementation of 18% U‐cas in HQFB improves kinetics of gas production, rumen fermentation, digestibility and microbial mass as well as controlling the rate of N degradation in the rumen of swamp buffalo.
Comparison of cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T cells between healthy Holstein and Japanese Black calves
Authors: Ohtsuka Hiromichi , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kinouchi Kumi , Kiyono Miki , Maeda Yousuke 
Published: February 2014

AbstractJapanese Black (JB) calves are more susceptible to infectious diseases compared to Holstein (Hol) calves. To clarify the immunological differences between JB and Hol calves, expression of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) was examined using peripheral CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T cells. Healthy calves, 24 from each species, were examined. Blood samples were obtained from calves at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months old, eight calves for each age of each species. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutin (PHA), and T cell subsets were isolated by positive selection using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Levels of interlekin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10 and interferon (IFN)‐γ mRNA in three T cell subsets were analyzed. WC1‐N1+ γδ T cell percentages were significantly lower in JB calves at 1 week and 1 month of age compared to Hol calves. In addition JB calves had significantly lower IL‐2, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ mRNA in WC1‐N1+ γδ T cells at 1 and 3 months of age, whereas there were no significant differences in cytokine mRNA of CD4+ and CD8+ cells between the two groups. Decreased cytokine mRNA and cell number of peripheral γδ T cells may affect negatively on the immune system of JB calves.
Development of large and small blastomeres from 2‐cell embryos produced in vitro in pigs
Authors: Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Quang , Viet‐Linh Nguyen , Somfai Tamas , Haraguchi Seiki , Xuan Nguyen Bui 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the development to blastocysts of large and small blastomeres from unevenly cleaved 2‐cell embryos (uneven 2‐cell embryos) in pigs. Proportion of blastocysts derived from large blastomeres (52.8 ± 6.4%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with small ones (32.1 ± 4.6%). However, there were no differences in total cell number, inner cell mass (ICM) cell number and ICM/total cells ratio between them. Of 53 sister blastomere pairs in the same embryos examined there were 12 pairs (22.6%) in which both blastomeres developed to blastocysts, 16 pairs (30.2%) in which only large blastomeres developed to blastocysts, and five pairs (9.4%) in which only small blastomeres developed to blastocysts. Relative total amount of active mitochondria in small blastomeres were lower (P < 0.05) than that of large blastomeres and blastomeres from evenly cleaved 2‐cell embryos. However, there was no difference in relative density of active mitochondria in these three types of blastomeres. In conclusion, blastocysts derived from small and large blastomeres in uneven 2‐cell embryos had comparable quality in terms of cell number, ICM number, ICM/total cell ratio and distribution of active mitochondria. The results suggest that these blastomeres may contribute multiple offspring production in pigs.
The evolution of Reference Drug Lists and Clinical Practice Guidelines in the public health system of a middle‐income country
Authors: Rico‐Alba Israel , Figueras Albert 
Published: February 2014

AimsThe aims were to analyze the dynamics of the medicines formulary in a middle‐income country and to analyze the concordance of the included medicines with the national Clinical Practices Guidelines (CPG).MethodsMedicines and their indications of use included in the Mexican Reference Drug List (Mex‐RDL) from 1996 to 2013 were analyzed. The top 10 indications with the highest number of medicines in 2013 were analyzed retrospectively until 1996 in order to identify the increase in the number of medicines to treat each one, as well as the progressive specificity of the indication according to the International statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10). The concordance between the CPG and medicines approved for the top 10 indications was studied.ResultsThe number of medicines included in the Mex‐RDL kept constantly growing from 454 drugs in 1996 to 811 in 2013. Up to 26.3% of these medicines were approved to treat only 10 indications (1.5% of all possible indications of use). Many of these new medicines had been approved for more and more specific indications, while the oldest ones had been approved for general indications. Up to 27.6% of the medicines approved for these top 10 indications do not appear in the updated recommendations of the specific CPG for those indications.ConclusionsDuring the last 18 years, the new medicines and indications included in the Mex‐RDL were redundant and concentrated into few similar clinical conditions. This is a factor that promotes an irrational use of these medicines and, thus, unnecessarily raises the price of health care, undermines the quality of the health system and probably increases the uncertainty of treatments.
Polyfluorinated Alkyl Phosphate Ester Surfactants – Current Knowledge and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Taxvig Camilla , Rosenmai Anna Kjerstine , Vinggaard Anne Marie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFluorochemicals are a diverse group of synthetically produced compounds with the unique ability to repel water as well as oil. This property makes them ideal for multiple purposes in a variety of consumer and industrial products. Fluorochemicals have been detected in the environment, as well as in human blood, urine and milk. Due to their long half‐life in human beings, there is an increased risk that exposure to these compounds can cause adverse effects. However, except for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), there is a large data gap regarding toxicological information on fluorochemicals. Polyfluorinated alkyl phosphate ester surfactants (PAPs) belong to the group of polyfluorinated alkyl surfactants. They have been detected in indoor dust and are widely used in food‐contact materials, from which they have the ability to migrate into food. Toxicological data on PAPs are very limited, but current studies indicate that some PAPs have the potential to interfere with sex hormone synthesis in vitro. Disturbance of the sex hormone balance in foetal life has been suggested to be an important mechanism involved in adverse effects on, for example, male reproductive health and development. The current lack of toxicological data on PAPs impairs the risk assessment of this group of compounds. However, until more toxicological data on PAPs are available, the limited data currently accessible give reason to believe that these compounds might have the ability to cause potentially adverse effects, as seen for other perfluorinated chemicals, including some metabolic products of PAPs.
Response to androgen therapy in patients with dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Khincha Payal P. , Wentzensen Ingrid M. , Giri Neelam , Alter Blanche P. , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryDyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome and telomere biology disorder characterized by dysplastic nails, reticular skin pigmentation and oral leucoplakia. Androgens are a standard therapeutic option for bone marrow failure in those patients with DC who are unable to undergo haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but there are no systematic data on its use in those patients. We evaluated haematological response and side effects of androgen therapy in 16 patients with DC in our observational cohort study. Untreated DC patients served as controls. Seventy percent of treated DC patients had a haematological response with red blood cell and/or platelet transfusion independence. The expected age‐related decline in telomere length was noted in androgen‐treated patients. All treated DC patients had at least one significant lipid abnormality. Additional treatment‐related findings included a significant decrease in thyroid binding globulin, accelerated growth in pre‐pubertal children and splenic peliosis in two patients. Liver enzymes were elevated in both androgen‐treated and untreated patients, suggesting underlying liver involvement in DC. This study suggests that androgen therapy can be effectively used to treat bone marrow failure in DC, but that side effects need to be closely monitored.