bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progeroide Variante eines Marfan-Syndroms
Authors: Graul-Neumann L.M. , Hoffmann K. , Robinson P. , Horn D. 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Schwere kongenitale Lipodystrophie, progeroide Fazies und variable Symptome eines Marfan-Syndroms stellen eine eigene Entität dar, nämlich eine Sonderform des Marfan-Syndroms mit einer trunkierenden Mutation am 3’-Ende des Fibrillin-1-Gens im vorletzten und letzten kodierenden Exon. Das mutierte Protein entgeht hochwahrscheinlich dem „nonsense mediated decay“ (NMD) und ruft dadurch offenbar diesen speziellen Phänotyp hervor. Es sind bislang erst 5 Fälle mit diesem Krankheitsbild publiziert worden; bei 3 dieser Patienten wurde das Krankheitsbild bisher molekulargenetisch bestätigt. Bei folgenden klinischen Zeichen sollte diese Diagnose berücksichtigt und abgeklärt werden: intrauterine Wachstumsretardierung, progeroide Fazies schon bei Geburt, vermindertes subkutanes Fettgewebe und variable Zeichen eines Marfan-Syndroms.
Marching cubes technique for volumetric visualization accelerated with graphics processing units
Authors: Cirne Marcos Vinicius Mussel , Pedrini Hélio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVolume visualization has numerous applications that benefit different knowledge domains, such as biology, medicine, meteorology, oceanography, geology, among others. With the continuous advances of technology, it has been possible to achieve considerable rendering rates and a high degree of realism. Visualization tools have currently assisted users with the visual analysis of complex and large datasets. Marching cubes is one of the most widely used real-time volume rendering methods. This paper describes a methodology for speeding up the marching cubes algorithm on a graphics processing unit and discusses a number of ways to improve its performance by means of auxiliary spatial data structures. Experiments conducted with use of several volumetric datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Putting the Alzheimer's cognitive test to the test II: Rasch Measurement Theory
Authors: Hobart Jeremy , Cano Stefan , Posner Holly , Selnes Ola , Stern Yaakov , Thomas Ronald , Zajicek John ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive Behavior section (ADAS‐Cog) is the most widely used measure of cognitive performance in AD clinical trials. This key role has rightly brought its performance under increased scrutiny with recent research using traditional psychometric methods, questioning the ADAS‐Cog's ability to adequately measure early‐stage disease. However, given the limitations of traditional psychometric approaches, herein we use the more sophisticated Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) methods to fully examine the strengths and weaknesses of the ADAS‐Cog, and identify potential paths toward its improvement.MethodsWe analyzed AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) ADAS‐Cog data (675 measurements across four time‐points over 2 years) from the AD participants. RMT analysis was undertaken to examine three broad areas: adequacy of scale‐to‐sample targeting; degree to which, taken together, the ADAS‐Cog items adequately perform as a measuring instrument; and how well the scale measured the subjects in the current sample.ResultsThe 11 ADAS‐Cog components mapped‐out a measurement continuum, worked together adequately, and were stable across different time‐points and samples. However, the scale did not prove to be a good match to the patient sample supporting previous research. RMT analysis also identified problematic “gaps” and “bunching” of the components across the continuum.ConclusionAlthough the ADAS‐Cog has the building blocks of a good measurement instrument, this sophisticated analysis confirms limitations with potentially serious implications for clinical trials. Importantly, and unlike traditional psychometric methods, our RMT analysis has provided important clues aimed at solving the measurement problems of the ADAS‐Cog.
The effect of beverages varying in glycaemic load on postprandial glucose responses, appetite and cognition in 10–12-year-old school children
Authors: Brindal Emily , Baird Danielle , Slater Amy , Danthiir Vanessa , Wilson Carlene , Bowen Jane , Noakes Manny 
Published: December 2012

Reducing glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) inconsistently improves aspects of cognitive function and appetite in children. Whether altering the GL by lowering carbohydrate relative to protein and fat has a role in these effects is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the differential effects of beverages varying in GL and dairy composition on appetite, energy intake and cognitive function in children. A total of forty children (10–12 years) completed a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial, receiving three isoenergetic drinks (approximately 1100 kJ): a glucose beverage (GI 100, GL 65), a full milk beverage (GI 27, GL 5) and a half milk/glucose beverage (GI 84, GL 35). For 3 h post-consumption, subjective appetite and cognitive performance (speed of processing, memory, attention and perceptual speed) were measured hourly. At completion, each child was provided a buffet-style lunch and energy intake was calculated. Blood glucose was objectively measured using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Blood glucose AUC values were significantly different between the drinks (P< 0·001), but did not sustain above the baseline for 3 h for any drink. Mixed modelling revealed no effect of beverage on subjective appetite or energy intake. Participant sex and drink GL significantly interacted for short-term memory (P< 0·001). When girls consumed either milk-containing beverage, they recalled 0·7–0·8 more words compared with 0·5 less words after the glucose drink (P≤ 0·014). Altering GL of drinks by reducing carbohydrate and increasing protein did not affect appetite or cognition in children. Girls may demonstrate improved short-term memory after consuming beverages with higher protein and lower GL.
Systematic review and collaborative recalculation of 133 693 incident cases of schizophrenia
Authors: van der Werf M. , Hanssen M. , Köhler S. , Verkaaik M. , Verhey F. R. ,   RISE Investigators, van Winkel R. , van Os J. , Allardyce J. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThis systematic review and collaborative recalculation was set up to recalculate schizophrenia incidence rates from previously published studies by age and sex.MethodPubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched (January 1950 to December 2009) for schizophrenia incidence studies. Numerator and population data were extracted by age, sex and, if possible, study period. Original data were requested from the authors to calculate age- and sex-specific incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by age and sex from negative binomial regression models.ResultsForty-three independent samples met inclusion criteria, yielding 133 693 incident cases of schizophrenia for analysis. Men had a 1.15-fold (95% CI 1.00–1.31) greater risk of schizophrenia than women. In men, incidence peaked at age 20–29 years (median rate 4.15/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.61, 95% CI 1.74–3.92). In women, incidence peaked at age 20–29 (median rate 1.71/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.34, 95% CI 1.66–3.28) and 30–39 years (median rate 1.24/10 000 person-years, IRR 2.25, 95% CI 1.55–3.28). This peak was followed by an age–incidence decline up to age 60 years that was stronger in men than in women (χ2 = 57.90,p < 0.001). The relative risk of schizophrenia was greater in men up to age 39 years and this reversed to a greater relative risk in women over the age groups 50–70 years. No evidence for a second incidence peak in middle-aged women was found.ConclusionsRobust sex differences exist in the distribution of schizophrenia risk across the age span, suggesting differential susceptibility to schizophrenia for men and women at different stages of life.
Adomnán, plague and the Easter controversy
Authors: Woods David 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAdomnán's description (Vita Columbae II.46) of how the intercession of St. Columba preserved the Picts and the Irish in Britain alone among the peoples of western Europe against two great epidemics of bubonic plague is a coded defence of their use of the traditional Irish 84-year Easter table against the Dionysian Easter table as used throughout the rest of western Europe. His implication is that God sent the plagues to punish those who used the Dionysian table. Hence Adomnán still adhered to the 84-year table by the time that he composed the Vita Columbae c. 697. It probably took a third epidemic 700–c. 702 to persuade Adomnán that his interpretation of the earlier epidemics was incorrect, so that Bede (HE V.15) is correct to date his conversion to the Dionysian table to a third visit to Northumbria c. 702.
An Old English formulaic system and its contexts in Cynewulf's poetry
Authors: Wright Charles D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA group of half-lines in Cynewulf's poetry that take the form þurh + demonstrative pronoun + adjective + gesceap/gesceaft constitutes a distinctively Cynewulfian realization of a more widespread formulaic system (x X gesceaft). Only Cynewulf substitutes (in two closely similar contexts) gesceap for gesceaft, and Cynewulf consistently uses both words to refer to a specific ‘created thing’ instead of to ‘creation’. Within the system as a whole, the specific referent of gesceaft in the sense ‘creation’ (heaven, or earth, or all of creation) is often clarified by deixis, specifically in the type of demonstrative pronoun that modifies the word. Cynewulf's choice of the distal pronoun þæt likewise indicates that the apparently ambiguous referents of gesceap/gesceaft in Juliana 273b and 728a and Elene 789a are heavenly or unearthly things, and analysis of context as well as Christian-Latin analogues supports a specific identification of the referent in each case. While availing himself of an existing formulaic system, then, Cynewulf was innovative in its metrical realization as well as in its semantic application.
The Agnus Dei pennies of King Æthelred the Unready
Authors: Keynes Simon , Naismith Rory 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSpecimens of the several substantive coin-types issued in the name of King Æthelred the Unready (978–1016) survive in their thousands, especially (and for good historical reasons) in Scandinavia; but very few specimens are recorded of his highly distinctive Agnus Dei type. In a checklist of recorded specimens published in 2007 (ASE 36, pp. 215–20), details were given of seventeen coins; and the type was set in the context of the English response to the viking invasion of England in 1009, led by Thorkel the Tall. A further four specimens came to light in 2008–10, one in England and three in Denmark. An updated checklist of the enlarged corpus of Agnus Dei coins is here accompanied by a complete set of illustrations; and the opportunity is taken to review some of the historical and numismatic matters raised by this remarkable type.
The Anglo-Latin elegy of Herbert and Wulfgar
Authors: Porter David W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA poem by a French monk named Herbert petitions Wulfgar Abbot of Abingdon for a gift of warm clothing. The poem, a mock epic employing alliteration and hermeneutic vocabulary, presents the seasons as warring deities. Using similar technique in the final eight lines of the poem, Wulfgar denies Herbert with a humourous response. This article contains an edition, translation, and analysis of the poem, along with brief biographies of the two authors. Another work by Herbert, a prosimetric letter requesting an allowance of fish, is edited and translated in an appendix.
The Ordinance concerning the Dunsæte and the Anglo-Welsh frontier in the late tenth and eleventh centuries
Authors: Molyneaux George 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Ordinance concerning the Dunsæte sets out regulations for dealings between the English and Welsh in some part of the frontier between these two peoples. The text is widely assumed to be from the second quarter of the tenth century, but this article argues for a late-tenth- or eleventh-century date. The Ordinance envisages trade and prescribes procedures to settle disputes: it thus reveals cordial contacts between those dwelling along the frontier. This offers an alternative perspective to the focus on kings and conflicts found in many modern accounts of relations between the English and Welsh in the early medieval period.
Second addenda and corrigenda to the Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts
Authors: Gneuss Helmut 
Published: December 2012

When the Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts was published ten years ago it was clear that it could not claim to be perfect or complete, not only because of the well-known problems and remaining uncertainties of the subject, but also on account of the ever-increasing research work on medieval manuscripts. As a result, a first set of addenda and corrigenda to the Handlist appeared in Anglo-Saxon England 32 (2003), 293–305, and the time has now come for a second supplement intended to update and, where necessary, to correct the Handlist.Like the first supplement, the second has profited from recent publications and, above all, from kindly provided information by friends and colleagues. Once again I owe a special debt of gratitude to Michael Gullick, who generously shared his expert knowledge with me and read a draft version of this article. What I owe to him this time is acknowledged in the individual entries; Appendices 2 and 3 could not have been written without his help and advice. I am grateful to Richard Gameson, Drew Hartzell and Rebecca Rushforth for letting me know about discoveries they made before these appeared in print. As always, Birgit Ebersperger helped to solve my bibliographical problems. All debts I have incurred, whether from personal communications or from publications, have been recorded in the respective entries. As most readers will have noted, a serious drawback of the Handlist – the lack of any references to musical notation – has been made good by Professor Hartzell's comprehensive Catalogue of Manuscripts Written or Owned in England up to 1200 Containing Music.
CONTESTING THE RACIAL DIVISION OF LABOR FROM BELOW
Authors: Parks Virginia , Warren Dorian T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPopular discourse and academic scholarship both accent divisions between African American and immigrant workers. These debates most often focus on the question of job competition, positioning African Americans and immigrant workers asa prioriadversaries in the labor market. We take a different tack. Drawing upon a case study of hotel workers in Chicago, we identify ways in which workers themselves challenge and bridge these divisions. Specifically, we reveal how union organizing activities, such as diverse committee representation and inclusion of diversity language in contracts, counter notions of intergroup competition in an effort to build common cause that affirms rather than denies differences. We argue that these activities represent political efforts on the part of workers to contest and even reshape the racial and ethnic division of labor, thereby revealing competition as a socially contingent and politically mediated process.
Apparent overconsolidation of mudstones in the Kumano Basin of southwest Japan: Implications for fluid pressure and fluid flow within a forearc setting
Authors: Guo Junhua , Underwood Michael B. , Likos William J. , Saffer Demian M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Kumano Basin is located in the Nankai Trough subduction zone of southwest Japan. During the past 1.6 million years, approximately 800 meters of sandy turbidites and hemipelagic mud were deposited near the distal edge of the forearc basin, at Site C0002 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. Constant‐rate‐of‐strain consolidation tests yield estimates of in situ permeability that range from 2.6 × 10−17 m2 to 2.5 × 10−18 m2; overconsolidation ratios range from 1.7 to 2.6, and values of the compression index range from 0.39 to 0.78. Several processes contributed to the apparent overconsolidation. Strata dip toward land, and pore fluids probably migrate up‐dip and vent along a bathymetric notch near the seaward edge of the basin. Efficient lateral drainage through sandy turbidites has kept pore pressures within interbeds of mudstone at (or close to) hydrostatic. In addition, alteration of dispersed volcanic glass, precipitation of authigenic clay minerals, and collapse of random grain fabric has probably strengthened the bonding among grains. Cementation is particularly likely within the lower basin (unit III), where values of porosity remain anomalously high. If fluid overpressures (and underconsolidation) exist anywhere within the basin, the most likely loci are where sandy turbidites terminate against impermeable mudstones along landward‐dipping on‐lap surfaces. Those types of on‐lap geometries, in addition to structural closures, might provide promising targets for oil/gas accumulation in other forearc basins, particularly where petroleum source rocks have been buried to the optimal depths of catagenesis.
Selecting Skills To Teach Communication Partners: Where Do I Start?
Authors: Binger Cathy , Kent-Walsh Jennifer 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Clinicians and researchers long have recognized that teaching communication partners how to provide AAC supports is essential to AAC success. One way to improve clinical outcomes is to select appropriate skills to teach communication partners. Although this sometimes seems like it should be a straightforward component of any intervention program, deciding which skills to teach partners can present multiple challenges. In this article, we will troubleshoot common issues and discuss how to select skills systematically, resulting in the desired effects for both communication partners and clients.
Peer-Mediated AAC Instruction for Young Children With Autism and other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Thiemann-Bourque Kathy 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Many young children with developmental disabilities (DD) have significant delays in social, communication, and play skills. For those children learning to use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), successful social interactions with peers will require explicit instruction on the same system for both communication partners. Peer-mediated (PM) interventions are recommended best practice based on more than 30 years of research with young children with autism and other DDs. Integrating direct AAC instruction within PM programs to advance social reciprocity in typical preschool routines is a necessary and important next step for young AAC users. In this article, I will summarize the design and outcomes of two PM AAC studies documenting positive social outcomes for preschool children with severe autism. I will also highlight strategies to recruit peers without disabilities, teach peer partners how to use AAC systems (e.g., Picture Exchange Communication System [PECS], Speech Generating Devices [SGDs]), and engineer the preschool classroom for successful AAC communication. I will describe data collection procedures for measuring changes in reciprocal child and peer social communication interactions.
Understanding the Importance of the Partner in Communication Development for Individuals With Sensory and Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Schweigert Philip D. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Consider this: Communication is not just about the means of expression! Too often we see the focus of intervention placed on some symbolic form without consideration for the child's understanding of the purpose of communication. This may be particularly true for children with sensory and multiple impairments. Sensory impairments limit many of these learners' access to partners and topics for communication. Additional disabilities may further restrict their means of communication due to cognitive, motor, and or sensory challenges that could hinder our ability to detect and respond to their attempts to engage their world. In this paper, I will focus on such learners and propose a broadened perspective of communication intervention especially as it relates to the development of a pre-symbolic foundation.
Nanostructured photovoltaics
Authors: Fu Lan , Hoe Tan H , Jagadish Chennupati 
Published: December 2012

Energy and the environment are two of the most important global issues that we currently face. The development of clean and sustainable energy resources is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emission and meet our ever-increasing demand for energy. Over the last decade photovoltaics, as one of the leading technologies to meet these challenges, has seen a continuous increase in research, development and investment. Meanwhile, nanotechnology, which is considered to be the technology of the future, is gradually revolutionizing our everyday life through adaptation and incorporation into many traditional technologies, particularly energy-related technologies, such as photovoltaics.
While the record for the highest efficiency is firmly held by multijunction III–V solar cells, there has never been a shortage of new research effort put into improving the efficiencies of all types of solar cells and making them more cost effective. In particular, there have been extensive and exciting developments in employing nanostructures; features with different low dimensionalities, such as quantum wells, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles and quantum dots, have been incorporated into existing photovoltaic technologies to enhance their performance and/or reduce their cost. Investigations into light trapping using plasmonic nanostructures to effectively increase light absorption in various solar cells are also being rigorously pursued. In addition, nanotechnology provides researchers with great opportunities to explore the new ideas and physics offered by nanostructures to implement advanced solar cell concepts such as hot carrier, multi-exciton and intermediate band solar cells.
This special issue of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics contains selected papers on nanostructured photovoltaics written by researchers in their respective fields of expertise. These papers capture the current excitement, as well as addressing some open questions in the field, covering topics including the III–V quantum well superlattice and quantum dot solar cells, Si quantum dot tandem cells, nanostructure-enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells and nanopatterned organic solar cells.
We thank all the authors and reviewers for their contribution to this special issue. Special thanks are due to the journal's Publisher, Dr Olivia Roche and the editorial and publishing staff for their help and support.