bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Correction of Persistent Peyronie’s Disease Following Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Treatment
Authors: Levine Laurence A. , Larsen Stephen M. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) is an Food and Drug Administration-approved intralesional injection for treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD) that has been shown to reduce penile curvature deformity and PD symptom bother in phase 2b and phase 3 placebo-controlled clinical trials. For some patients, nonsurgical treatment with CCH may not sufficiently improve penile curvature, and surgical correction may be pursued following CCH therapy.

Aim
This study aims to examine intraoperative and postsurgical outcomes of surgical correction of persistent penile curvature in patients with PD who had previously received CCH.

Methods
Retrospective chart review was used to identify patients with PD who had received CCH intralesional injection within either the phase 2b or phase 3 CCH clinical trials and then underwent surgical correction due to remaining penile curvature. Surgical techniques used were partial plaque excision and grafting (PEG) and/or tunica albuginea plication (TAP).

Main Outcome Measures
Primary assessments included pre- and postsurgery penile curvature, erectile rigidity, stretched penile length, intraoperative time, and occurrence of adverse events.

Results
Seven men were identified who underwent surgical straightening with TAP or PEG following CCH treatment. Mean number of days from the final CCH injection to surgery was 182 (standard deviation 118; median 127 days). Average penile curvature prior to surgical straightening was 58°. No anatomical difficulties or complications secondary to the effects of prior CCH treatment occurred during surgery. Intraoperative time was representative of standard TAP and PEG surgeries (range 88–146 minutes). All men reported penile curvature &lt;20° postsurgery. One patient experienced a postsurgery subgraft hematoma that required aspiration. There were no postsurgery reports of decreased penile sexual sensation and no occurrence of vascular compromise or decreased penile rigidity.

Conclusion
This initial case series supports the hypothesis that prior CCH treatment is not a contraindication to PEG or TAP surgery in the treatment of penile curvature in patients with PD.
Gender and the Emotional Experience of Relationship Conflict: The Differential Effectiveness of Avoidant Conflict Management
Authors: Bear Julia B. , Weingart Laurie R. , Todorova Gergana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractConflict research has shown that managing relationship conflict via avoidance is beneficial for team performance, but it is unclear whether avoidant conflict management benefits individuals on an affective level. Drawing on theories of gender roles, we proposed that gender is an important factor that influences whether avoidant conflict management mitigates the negative affective effects of relationship conflict. In a field study of a healthcare organization, we found that relationship conflict resulted in negative emotions, which, in turn, were positively associated with emotional exhaustion two months later. Avoidant conflict management attenuated the relationship between negative emotions engendered by relationship conflict and emotional exhaustion, but this effect depended on gender. Among men, the extent to which they used an avoidant conflict management style mitigated the association between negative emotions and emotional exhaustion, whereas among women, avoidant conflict management did not attenuate this relationship. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications.
Corporate Communication and Worker Perceptions of Conflict Management and Justice
Authors: Kugler Katharina G. , Brodbeck Felix C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOrganizations are well advised to develop a conflict culture promoting constructive conflict management and cooperation. But what does such a culture look like? Research from international and political relations has demonstrated that the level of integrative complexity (IC) as disseminated in political messages is an important factor in the context of conflict management. In our research, we hypothesize that, similar to political messages, corporate communication, which emphasizes a complex (i.e., differentiated and integrated) way of understanding multidimensional issues, is connected to cooperative conflict management and related variables like perceptions of organizational justice. Results of a multilevel field study support this proposition. Whereas the level of organizational IC was assessed by rating organizations’ communication (specifically their vision or mission statements published on the Internet), perceptions of conflict management and justice were assessed by asking employees. The study emphasizes the utility of addressing organizational level variables in relation to organizational members’ perceptions.
Integration of trap‐ and root‐derived nitrogen nutrition of carnivorous Dionaea muscipula
Authors: Gao Peng , Loeffler Theresa Sofi , Honsel Anne , Kruse Jörg , Krol Elzbieta , Scherzer Sönke , Kreuzer Ines , Bemm Felix , Buegger Franz , Burzlaff Tim , Hedrich Rainer , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Carnivorous Dionaea muscipula operates active snap traps for nutrient acquisition from prey; so what is the role of D. muscipula's reduced root system?

We studied the capacity for nitrogen (N) acquisition via traps, and its effect on plant allometry; the capacity of roots to absorb NO3−, NH4+ and glutamine from the soil solution; and the fate and interaction of foliar‐ and root‐acquired N.

Feeding D. muscipula snap traps with insects had little effect on the root : shoot ratio, but promoted petiole relative to trap growth. Large amounts of NH4+ and glutamine were absorbed upon root feeding. The high capacity for root N uptake was maintained upon feeding traps with glutamine. High root acquisition of NH4+ was mediated by 2.5‐fold higher expression of the NH4+ transporter DmAMT1 in the roots compared with the traps. Electrophysiological studies confirmed a high constitutive capacity for NH4+ uptake by roots. Glutamine feeding of traps inhibited the influx of 15N from root‐absorbed 15N/13C‐glutamine into these traps, but not that of 13C. Apparently, fed traps turned into carbon sinks that even acquired organic carbon from roots.

N acquisition at the whole‐plant level is fundamentally different in D. muscipula compared with noncarnivorous species, where foliar N influx down‐regulates N uptake by roots.
Practical Application of the New Classification Scheme for Congenital Melanocytic Nevi
Authors: Price Harper N. , O'Haver Judith , Marghoob Ashfaq , Badger Kellie , Etchevers Heather , Krengel Sven 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new consensus‐based classification of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) has recently been proposed. It includes categories for projected adult size (PAS) and location, satellite nevi counts, and morphologic characteristics (color heterogeneity, rugosity, nodularity, and hypertrichosis). The objective of the current study was to test the applicability of the new categorization scheme and to correlate classification outcome with the patient's history of melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM). Children and adults with CMN attending a patient conference in Dallas, Texas, in 2012 were invited to participate in the study. Anamnestical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Two dermatologists performed clinical examinations. Of 45 patients enrolled, 33 had a giant CMN (G1 [>40 cm PAS], n = 13; G2 [>60 cm PAS], n = 20), 12 had an NCM (5 symptomatic, 7 asymptomatic), and 1 had a history of melanoma. CMN size was positively correlated with NCM (p < 0.05). The classification system allowed an easy and detailed phenotypic characterization of each individual CMN. CMN size and morphology were difficult to assess in patients after surgical removal, and the number of satellite nevi at birth or during infancy was not always known. Our report provides practical aids for the application of the newly proposed CMN classification. Prospective evaluation of accurately classified patients in CMN registries will reveal the predictive value of the scheme. The small study sample limits meaningful conclusions regarding the correlation between CMN parameters and the risk of NCM and melanoma.
Effective Photoprotection of Human Skin against Infrared A Radiation by Topically Applied Antioxidants: Results from a Vehicle Controlled, Double‐Blind, Randomized Study
Authors: Grether‐Beck Susanne , Marini Alessandra , Jaenicke Thomas , Krutmann Jean 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInfrared A radiation (IRA) from solar sunlight contributes to photoaging of human skin, e.g. by upregulating MMP‐1 expression in dermal fibroblasts, indicating the need for photoprotection of human skin against IRA. Up to now, however, there has been no controlled study to show that effective protection of human skin against IRA radiation is possible. Here, we have conducted a randomized, controlled, double‐blinded prospective study in 30 healthy volunteers to assess the capacity of an SPF 30 sunscreen versus the same sunscreen supplemented with an antioxidant cocktail containing grape seed extract, vitamin E, ubiquinone and vitamin C to protect human skin against IRA radiation‐induced MMP‐1 upregulation. As expected, exposure to IRA radiation significantly upregulated MMP‐1 expression, as compared to unirradiated skin, and this response was significantly reduced, if the SPF30 sunscreen plus the antioxidant cocktail had been applied prior to IRA radiation. In contrast, treatment of human skin with the SPF30 sunscreen alone did not provide significant protection. These results indicate that topically applied antioxidants effectively protect human skin against IRA radiation and that regular sunscreens need to be supplemented with specific antioxidants in order to achieve IRA photoprotection.
An Examination of Local Climate Change Policies in the Great Plains
Authors: Wood Robert S. , Hultquist Andy , Romsdahl Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAs the United States struggles with national solutions to address climate change, state and local governments have become leaders in both mitigation and adaptation policy. Although a significant and growing body of research targets these policies, most studies have assumed common factors motivating both adaptation and mitigation policy adoption. There remains a need for more research on cities of all sizes, their adoption of specific local policies, the factors motivating those choices, and whether the influences for mitigation differ from those that motivate adaptation.The paper uses data from a new survey of over 200 local governments in eleven states of the Great Plains region, including measures distinguishing between mitigation and adaptation policies. These data are employed to test the relative influence of factors from three areas: the policy environment, the attitudes of governmental actors, and community atmosphere, in explaining observed variation in the adoption of climate change policies.
Large‐scale molecular phylogeny of metallic wood‐boring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea) provides new insights into relationships and reveals multiple evolutionary origins of the larval leaf‐mining habit
Authors: EVANS AMANDA M. , MCKENNA DUANE D. , BELLAMY CHARLES L. , FARRELL BRIAN D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe family Buprestidae (jewel beetles or metallic wood‐boring beetles), contains nearly 15 000 species in 522 genera. Together with the small family Schizopodidae (seven species, three genera), they form the superfamily Buprestoidea. Adult Buprestoidea feed on flowers or foliage, whereas larvae are mostly internal feeders, boring in roots or stems, or mining the leaves of woody or herbaceous plants. The subfamilial and tribal classification of Buprestoidea remains unsettled, with substantially different schemes proposed by different workers based on morphology. Here we report the first large‐scale molecular phylogenetic study of the superfamily Buprestoidea based on data from four genes for 141 ingroup species. We used these data to reconstruct higher‐level relationships and to assess the current classification and the origins of the larval leaf‐mining habit within Buprestoidea. In our analyses, the monophyly of Buprestoidea was strongly supported, as was the monophyly of Schizopodidae and its placement sister to Buprestidae. Our results are largely consistent with the generally accepted major lineages of buprestoids, including clearly‐defined agrilines, buprestines–chrysochroines and early‐branching julodines–polycestines. In addition to Schizopodidae, three of the six subfamilies were monophyletic in our study: Agrilinae, Julodinae and the monogeneric Galbellinae (Galbella). Polycestinae was monophyletic with the exception of the enigmatic Haplostethini. Chrysochroinae and Buprestinae were not monophyletic, but were recovered together in a large mixed clade along with Galbella. The interrelationships of Chrysochroinae and Buprestinae were not well resolved; however they were clearly polyphyletic, with chrysochroine genera falling into several different well‐supported clades otherwise comprising buprestine genera. All Agrilinae were contained in a single strongly supported clade. Coraebini were dispersed throughout Agrilinae, with strong nodal support for several clades representing subtribes. Neither Agrilini nor Tracheini were monophyletic. The leaf‐mining genus Paratrachys (Paratracheini) was recovered within the Acmaeoderioid clade, consistent with the current classification, and confirming the independent origins of leaf‐mining within Polycestinae and Agrilinae. Additionally, our results strongly suggest that the leaf‐mining agriline tribe Tracheini is polyphyletic, as are several of its constituent subtribes. External root feeding was likely the ancestral larval feeding habit in Buprestoidea. The apparent evolutionary transitions to internal feeding allowed access to a variety of additional plant tissues, including leaves. Interestingly, the several genera of leaf‐mining agrilines do not form a monophyletic group. Many of these genera are diverse and highly specialized, possibly indicating adaptive radiations.
The miR156‐SPL9‐DFR pathway coordinates the relationship between development and abiotic stress tolerance in plants
Authors: Cui Long‐Gang , Shan Jun‐Xiang , Shi Min , Gao Ji‐Ping , Lin Hong‐Xuan 
Published: October 2014

SummaryYoung organisms have relatively strong resistance to diseases and adverse conditions. When confronted with adversity, the process of development is delayed in plants. This phenomenon is thought to result from the rebalancing of energy, which helps plants to coordinate the relationship between development and stress tolerance; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains mysterious. In this study, we found that miR156 integrates environmental signals to ensure timely flowering, thus enabling the completion of breeding. Under stress conditions, miR156 is induced to maintain the plant in the juvenile state for a relatively long period of time, whereas under favorable conditions, miR156 is suppressed to accelerate the developmental transition. Blocking the miR156 signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana with 35S::MIM156 (via target mimicry) increased the sensitivity of the plant to stress treatment, whereas overexpression of miR156 increased stress tolerance. In fact, this mechanism is also conserved in Oryza sativa (rice). We also identified downstream genes of miR156, i.e. SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE 9 (SPL9) and DIHYDROFLAVONOL‐4‐REDUCTASE (DFR), which take part in this process by influencing the metabolism of anthocyanin. Our results uncover a molecular mechanism for plant adaptation to the environment through the miR156‐SPLs‐DFR pathway, which coordinates development and abiotic stress tolerance.
Metabolomics profile comparisons of irradiated and nonirradiated stored donor red blood cells
Authors: Patel Ravi M. , Roback John D. , Uppal Karan , Yu Tianwei , Jones Dean P. , Josephson Cassandra D. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundUnderstanding the metabolites that are altered by donor red blood cell (RBC) storage and irradiation may provide insight into the metabolic pathways disrupted by the RBC storage lesion.Study Design and MethodsPatterns of metabolites, representing more than 11,000 distinct mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) features, were compared between gamma‐irradiated and nonirradiated CPDA‐1–split RBCs from six human donors over 35 days of storage using multilevel sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (msPLSDA), hierarchical clustering, pathway enrichment analysis, and network analysis.ResultsIn msPLSDA analysis, RBC units stored 7 days or fewer (irradiated or nonirradiated) showed similar metabolomic profiles. By contrast, donor RBCs stored 10 days or more demonstrated distinct clustering as a function of storage time and irradiation. Irradiation shifted metabolic features to those seen in older units. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified at least two clusters of metabolites that differentiated between RBC units based on storage time and irradiation exposure, confirming results of the msPLSDA analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis, used to map the discriminatory biochemical features to specific metabolic pathways, identified four pathways significantly affected by irradiation and/or storage including arachidonic acid (p = 3.3 × 10−33) and linoleic acid (p = 1.61 × 10−11) metabolism.ConclusionRBC storage under blood bank conditions produces numerous metabolic alterations. Gamma irradiation accentuates these differences as the age of blood increases, indicating that at the biochemical level irradiation accelerates metabolic aging of stored RBCs. Metabolites involved in the cellular membrane are prominently affected and may be useful biomarkers of the RBC storage lesion.
Buffy coat volume reduction for optimization of leucapheresis harvests produced by the autoMNC program
Authors: Burk S. , Erdmann M. , Weiss D. , Eckstein R. , Strasser E. F. 
Published: October 2014

Background and ObjectivesBuffy coat (BC) volume reduction was evaluated in leucapheresis (LA) harvests due to the target monocyte yield and the red blood cell (RBC) content. A packed erythrocyte volume (PEV) of 7·5 ml should not be exceeded to avoid RBC debulking with loss of leucocytes (WBCs) and the monocyte fraction during monocyte counterflow elutriation, a next step of monocyte enrichment prior to cell culture.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐three 5‐l leucaphereses (autoMNC program) performed in 102 healthy blood donors (24 female and 78 male donors) were retrospectively analysed. Different categories of BC volumes were compared due to the quality of the LA products measured by blood counts and flow cytometry.ResultsCollection of maximum BC volume of 10 ml and more each collection cycle (product volume: 169 ± 21 ml) resulted in 1·58 ± 0·41 × 10e9 CD14+ monocytes and high volume of packed erythrocyte (18·4 ± 8·8 ml). Low BC volume collection below 6 ml each collection cycle produced only 1·07 ± 0·40 × 10e9 CD14+ monocytes but reduced PEV significantly by 64% (6·7 ± 4·1 ml).ConclusionBy reduction of the BC volume, the PEV in LA products could be reduced, which is a precondition for counterflow elutriation of monocytes. A BC volume between 7 and 8 ml per collection cycle should be adjusted to reduce PEV to 7·5 ml without relevant monocyte loss.
3-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC) Steam Electrolysis Operation for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kang Juhyun , Park Joonguen , Bae Joongmyeon 
Published: October 2014

Hydrogen is a resource that provides energy and forms water only after reacting with oxygen. Because there are no emissions such as greenhouse gases when hydrogen is converted to produce energy, it is considered one of the most important energy resources for addressing the problems of global warming and air pollution. Additionally, hydrogen can be useful for constructing “smart grid” infrastructure because electrical energy from other renewable energy sources can be stored in the form of chemical energy by electrolyzing water, creating hydrogen.
Among the many hydrogen generation systems, solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have attracted considerable attention as advanced water electrolysis systems because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low use of electrical energy. To find the relationship between operating conditions and the performance of SOECs, research has been conducted both experimentally, using actual SOEC cells, and numerically, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this investigation, we developed a 3-D simulation model to analyze the relationship between the operating conditions and the overall behavior of SOECs due to different contributions to the over-potential.
All SOECs involve the transfer of mass, momentum, species, and energy, and these properties are correlated. Furthermore, all of these properties have a direct influence on the concentration of the gases in the electrodes, the pressure, the temperature and the current density. Therefore, the conservation equations for mass, momentum, species, and energy should be included in the simulation model to calculate all terms in the transfer of mass, heat and fluid. In this simulation model, the transient term was neglected because the steady state was assumed.
All governing equations were calculated using Star-CD (CD Adapco, U.S). The source terms in the governing equations were calculated with in-house code, i.e., user defined functions (UDF), written in FORTRAN 77, and these were linked to the Star-CD solver to calculate the transfer processes. Simulations were performed with various cathode inlet gas compositions, anode inlet gas compositions, cathode thickness, and electrode porosity to identify the main parameters related to performance.
Accelerated Degradation for Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid
Authors: Abreu-Sepulveda Maria , Tucker David , Harun Nor Farida , Hackett Gregory , Hagen Anke 
Published: October 2014

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a promising technology for clean power generation, however their implementation has been limited by several degradation mechanisms, which significantly reduce its lifetime under constant output power and inhibits the technology for commercialization in the near future. With the purpose of harnessing the capabilities offered by SOFCs, the U.S. DOE-National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, WV has developed the Hybrid Performance (HyPer) project in which a SOFC 1D, real-time operating model is coupled to a gas turbine hardware system by utilizing hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS).
More recently, in order to assess the long-term stability of the SOFC part of the system, electrochemical degradation due to operating conditions such as current density and fuel utilization have been incorporated into the SOFC model and successfully recreated in real time for standalone and hybrid operation. The mathematical expression for degradation rate was obtained through the analysis of empirical voltage versus time plots for different current densities and fuel utilizations at 750, 800, and 850°C. Simulation results well reflected the behavior of SOFC degradation rates from which the long-term stability of the cell under various conditions was assessed. Distributed fuel cell parameters are presented for both standalone and hybrid configurations. The incorporation of the electrochemical degradation rate into the SOFC model provides a framework to study more realistically Fuel Cell-hybrid systems and set forth a mechanism to improve the long-term stability of SOFCs through the hybridization of such technology.