bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐history consequences and disease resistance of western tent caterpillars in response to localised, herbivore‐induced changes in alder leaf quality
Authors: SARFRAZ RANA M. , CORY JENNY S. , MYERS JUDITH H. 
Published: January 2013

1. Plants can respond to herbivore damage with phenotypically plastic changes in quality that negatively affect herbivores and prevent subsequent attack – induced defences.2. The present study tested whether trees respond to herbivory with localised induction, and whether life‐history traits and disease resistance of an insect herbivore are altered on induced branches of the trees.3. The influences of localised, within‐branch, herbivore‐induced changes in red alder trees (Alnus rubraBong.) on fitness characteristics of western tent caterpillars (Malacosoma californicum pluvialeDyar) were evaluated. In the field, randomly selected branches of trees were infested with tent caterpillar larvae and the adjacent branches were maintained as non‐infested controls. In the laboratory, larvae were fed leaves from either induced or non‐induced branches through to adult emergence. A second cohort of larvae was challenged with a viral pathogen to compare their disease susceptibility on induced versus non‐induced foliage.4. Herbivore‐induced, localised responses of damaged branches reduced leaf quality for growth and the fecundity of female western tent caterpillars, but not that of males. Larvae fed induced leaves had a higher survival overall and a reduced mortality due to unidentified non‐viral pathogens than did their counterparts on non‐induced leaves. However, there was no influence of leaf quality on baculovirus‐induced mortality.5. These findings suggest that localised induced changes in leaf quality could potentially influence populations of tent caterpillars in contradictory ways by reducing their growth rate and fecundity to a modest degree, while improving their survival and resistance to unidentified non‐viral pathogens to a larger extent.
Habitat quality favoured over familiarity: a rejection of natal habitat preference induction in the mosquitoAedes albopictus
Authors: REISKIND MICHAEL H. , ZARRABI ALI A. 
Published: January 2013

1. Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) is a behavioural phenomenon in which offspring show a change in preference in adult oviposition choice as a function of experience as an immature.2. Although well known in certain systems, such as herbivorous insects, this behaviour has not been well studied in aquatic insects.3. The container–breeding mosquito,Aedes albopictus(Skuse) was used to test if NHPI occurs in aquatic insects under natural conditions of two leaf species as a nutritive base (Juniperus virginianaL. andQuercus virginianaMill) and two larval densities.4. Significant effects of leaf species and density on adult mosquito attributes were found, withJ. virginianaand low larval density associated with more, faster developing, larger and more fecund mosquitoes. However, no evidence for NHPI was found. Instead a canalised behavior was found that included spreading eggs between high– and low–quality oviposition choices in the same proportions regardless of larval experience.
Does an aridity and trophic resource gradient drive patterns of dung beetle food selection across the Botswana Kalahari?
Authors: TSHIKAE BALATLHANE P. , DAVIS ADRIAN L. V. , SCHOLTZ CLARKE H. 
Published: January 2013

1. Aridity gradients are paralleled by both reductions in resources and decreased species richness of animals. Across the aridity gradient of the Botswana Kalahari, a reduction in mammal species richness leads to reduced density and diversity of dung types, accompanied by reduced dung beetle species richness. We investigated whether this gradient also drives changes in dung beetle food type association and specialisation owing to a loss of some dung types to the arid southwest.2. Dung beetles were sampled from three study sites in each of the six study areas using 2 × 10 grids of pitfall traps baited with dung (pig, elephant, cattle, and sheep) or carrion (chicken livers).3. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that distributions of dung beetle species between bait types deviated significantly from random associations.4. Central Kalahari assemblages were more specialist than those at the mesic and arid extremes of the gradient.5. Patterns of selection and specialisation to bait types differed between mesic northeast and arid southwest study areas. There were specialist faunas on carrion and more generalist faunas on ruminant herbivore dung (cattle and sheep) in each region. However, specialist species associated with elephant dung in the northeast were replaced by a more generalist fauna in the southwest with an opposite trend on pig dung.6. Reduced species richness and high species turnover from the mesic northeast to the arid southwest is paralleled by a shift in patterns of food association that may reflect changes in the diversity of food types, particularly the absence of elephant dung from the southwest.
Variability in Chinese as a Foreign Language Learners' Development of the Chinese Numeral Classifier System
Authors: ZHANG JIE , LU XIAOFEI 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examined variability in Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) learners' development of the Chinese numeral classifier system from a dynamic systems approach. Our data consisted of a longitudinal corpus of 657 essays written by CFL learners at lower and higher intermediate levels and a corpus of 100 essays written by native speakers (NSs) of Chinese. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was employed to analyze the fluency, diversity, and accuracy of learners' and NSs' classifier use. Usage by 4 focal learners from the higher immediate level was then closely examined to discover inter‐ and intraindividual variability in learners' development of these dimensions and to reveal the patterns of interaction among these dimensions. Learners exhibited varied, nonlinear developmental paths for all three dimensions, with different degrees of fluctuation and regression for each path. The three dimensions did not always develop in parallel, but interacted with each other in divergent ways. Pedagogically, we advocate for a collocational approach to presenting and teaching classifiers and recommend that tailored assistance be provided to individual learners.
Capturing the Dynamics of Second Language Development via Learner Corpus Research: A Very Long Engagement
Authors: HASKO VICTORIA 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis introductory paper highlights the promising potential of learner corpora to facilitate investigations of the developmental processes underlying L2 learning. It offers a critical discussion of the aspects in which the disciplines of learner corpus (LC) research and SLA would benefit from closer interdisciplinary engagement and introduces the studies gathered in this special issue with the goal of exploring such mutually informative connections.
Semiparametric Bayesian Inference for Phage Display Data
Authors: León‐Novelo Luis G. , Müller Peter , Arap Wadih , Kolonin Mikhail , Sun Jessica , Pasqualini Renata , Do Kim‐Anh 
Published: January 2013

SummaryWe discuss inference for a human phage display experiment with three stages. The data are tripeptide counts by tissue and stage. The primary aim of the experiment is to identify ligands that bind with high affinity to a given tissue. We formalize the research question as inference about the monotonicity of mean counts over stages. The inference goal is then to identify a list of peptide–tissue pairs with significant increase over stages. We use a semiparametric Dirichlet process mixture of Poisson model. The posterior distribution under this model allows the desired inference about the monotonicity of mean counts. However, the desired inference summary as a list of peptide–tissue pairs with significant increase involves a massive multiplicity problem. We consider two alternative approaches to address this multiplicity issue. First we propose an approach based on the control of the posterior expected false discovery rate. We notice that the implied solution ignores the relative size of the increase. This motivates a second approach based on a utility function that includes explicit weights for the size of the increase.
Associations between assertiveness, psychological well‐being, and self‐esteem in adolescents
Authors: Sarkova Maria , Bacikova‐Sleskova Maria , Orosova Olga , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , Katreniakova Zuzana , Klein Daniel , van den Heuvel Wim , van Dijk Jitse P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study explored the associations between adolescents’ assertive behavior, psychological well‐being, and self‐esteem. The sample consisted of 1,023 students (14.9 ± .51; 47.6% boys). Two dimensions of the Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (distress and performance), 2 factors of the General Health Questionnaire‐12 (depression/anxiety and social dysfunction), and 2 factors of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (positive self‐esteem and negative self‐esteem) were used; data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression. It was found that (a) the more anxious respondents felt in assertive situations, the less frequently they engaged in these situations; and that (b) both dimensions of assertiveness were associated with psychological well‐being and self‐esteem.
Action versus inaction: anticipated affect in the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Ajzen Icek , Sheikh Sana 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTheory of planned behavior (TPB) variables and anticipated affect were assessed in relation to drinking and avoiding alcohol and in relation to eating and avoiding fast food. It was shown that previously reported residual effects of anticipated affect in the prediction of intentions are obtained only when the TPB variables are assessed with respect to one behavior (action or inaction) and anticipated affect is measured in relation to the alternative behavior. When all variables were assessed with respect to the same behavior, anticipated affect made no independent contribution to the prediction of intentions, nor did anticipated affect retain a residual effect when the TPB constructs in relation to the alternative action were included in the prediction equation.
Right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation differentially predict biased evaluations of media reports
Authors: Crawford Jarret T. , Jussim Lee , Cain Thomas R. , Cohen Florette 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study tested the dual‐process motivational (DPM) model, which posits that right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) differentially predict attitudes toward socially threatening or subordinate groups, respectively. Participants read articles on same‐sex relationships and affirmative action and evaluated the article content and the biases of the article authors. The article conclusions (i.e., pro‐ or anti‐same‐sex relationships and affirmative action) were varied between subjects. As expected, only RWA predicted evaluations of the same‐sex relationships articles and authors, whereas only SDO predicted evaluations of the affirmative action articles and authors. These results extend applications of the dual‐process model by demonstrating that RWA and SDO differentially predict evaluations of political information that pertains to socially threatening or subordinate groups, respectively.
Organ donation intentions and behaviors: application and extension of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Rocheleau Courtney A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOrgan donation intentions and behaviors were investigated using a traditional and extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). In study 1, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were associated with intentions to engage in donation behaviors in a student sample (all p ≤ .02), and intentions significantly predicted behavior 2 months later (p < .001). Study 2 utilized a community sample of Catholic, Jewish, and Muslim individuals. Measures of affect and religious attitudes were added to the traditional TPB, increasing the variance in intentions accounted for by the model, F(7, 181) = 6.94, p < .001. The studies support the use of an extended TPB in predicting donation‐related intentions and behaviors and suggest potential targets of interventions to promote donation.
Same but different: space, time and narrative
Authors: Bansel Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I give an account of the ways in which narratives and identities change over space and time. I give an account of a mobile and changing human subject, one who does not simply express or represent her‐ or himself through narrative, but is constructed and reconstructed through narrative. I draw on Paul Ricoeur's concepts of ‘narrative identity’, which refers to the role of narrative in the formation and expression of identities, and ‘refiguration’, which refers to the ways in which both narratives and identities change over time. I work with extracts from narrative interviews in order to demonstrate the ways in which this might help us understand how narratives and identities change across space and time and also consider what this might mean for pedagogy and the practice of literacy/ies.
Ageing in an inconvenient paradise: The immigrant experiences of older Korean people in New Zealand
Authors: Park Hong‐Jae , Kim Chang Gi 
Published: January 2013

AimThe purpose of this paper is to explore the immigrant experiences of older Korean people and their intergenerational family relationships in the New Zealand context.MethodsData were collected from qualitative interviews with older people, community leaders and professionals in Christchurch and Auckland. Data analysis was conducted using concept mapping techniques in the cross‐cultural context where two languages were simultaneously used.ResultsThe findings of the study show that older Korean people in New Zealand were likely to face multiple challenges due to the combined effects of immigration and ageing in a new country. Some older people experienced difficulties in managing their immigrant lives and intergenerational relationships in the transnational family context in which their family members were dispersed across two or more nations.ConclusionThe immigrant experiences of older migrants might be affected by an ‘invisible’ source of isolation and exclusion at familial, community, societal and transnational levels.
Nanocomposite Derived from Core–Shell Nanoparticles via Creep Deformation of an Amorphous Silica Layer Below its Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: Kinemuchi Yoshiaki , Towata Atsuya , Yasuoka Masaki 
Published: January 2013

The microstructural design of ceramics is relevant to tune their properties. Nanostructuring can drastically modify ceramic properties because of enhanced interfacial effects, although the creation of such structures in ceramics is still challenging because of the interfacial reaction and grain growth at elevated temperatures during sintering. Here, we demonstrate densification of core–shell nanoparticles consisting of Fe3O4 (core particle, 20 nm diameter) and SiO2 (shell layer, 2 nm thick) with over 90% of theoretical density below 500°C, which was achieved by facilitating plastic flow of amorphous SiO2 under high pressure below its glass transition temperature. Thus, grain growth of the core nanoparticles was strongly suppressed, and the core nanoparticles remained separated by an amorphous layer in the final microstructure reflecting the original core–shell nanostructure. We also analyzed the densification behavior on the basis of a power law creep model, and estimated the pressures required to attain full density.
Differences in the Atrial Electrophysiological Properties Between Vagal and Sympathetic Types of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: LO LI‐WEI , CHIOU CHUEN‐WANG , LIN YENN‐JIANG , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , HU YU‐FENG , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , CHAO TZE‐FAN , LI CHENG‐HUNG , CHANG HUNG‐YU , CHUNG FA‐PO , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: January 2013

Substrate Properties Between Vagal and Sympathetic Types of AFIntroductionAutonomic modulation of the cardiac activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to assess the differences in the atrial electrical and structural properties between patients with vagal and sympathetic AF.MethodsThe study included 30 patients (53 ± 12 years old, male 26) with frequent attacks of symptomatic paroxysmal AF. All cases underwent 24‐hour ambulatory Holter monitoring before the catheter ablation. The onset of AF accompanied with an increased HF component and decreased L/H ratio was designated as a vagal type (group 1, n = 12), whereas a decreased HF component and increased L/H ratio was classified as a sympathetic type (group 2, n = 18). Electrical and structural properties were evaluated during the ablation procedure.ResultsAll patients had AF originating from PVs. There was a higher incidence of non‐PV triggers in group 2 patients than that in group 1 (44% vs 8%, P = 0.04). Group 1 had a higher bipolar peak‐to‐peak voltage and mean DF of the global left atrium (LA), shorter total activation time, and smaller LA volume than group 2, whereas the electrical and structural properties in the right atrium were similar. After a follow‐up of 15 ± 7 months, there was a lower incidence of AF recurrence in group 1 than that in group 2 (0% vs 28%, P = 0.02).ConclusionThere are better electrical properties and a smaller LA volume in patients with vagal‐type AF. In contrast, the LA substrate is worse, and coexisting non‐PV triggers and recurrence following ablation are more prevalent in patients with the sympathetic‐type AF.
Frequency of Inappropriate Therapy in Patients Implanted with Dual‐ Versus Single‐Chamber ICD Devices in the ICD Arm of MADIT‐CRT
Authors: RUWALD ANNE‐CHRISTINE H. , SOOD NITESH , RUWALD MARTIN H. , JONS CHRISTIAN , CLYNE CHRISTOPHER A. , MCNITT SCOTT , WANG PAUL , ZAREBA WOJCIECH , MOSS ARTHUR J. 
Published: January 2013

Inappropriate Therapy in Single Versus Dual ChamberBackgroundThe majority of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are dual‐chamber devices, but studies on the frequency of inappropriate therapy in dual‐ versus single‐chamber devices have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study is to determine whether implantation of dual‐chamber ICD devices decrease the incidence of inappropriate therapy without an unacceptable increase in complications.MethodsIn the ICD arm of the MADIT‐CRT study (N = 704), comparisons of single‐ versus dual‐chamber ICD devices were investigated on the endpoints of inappropriate therapy (antitachycardia pacing [ATP] and shocks) and device‐ and procedure‐related complications by use of multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (hazard ratio dual:single chamber) adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsThe frequency of inappropriate therapies in single‐ and dual‐chamber recipients was 41/294 (14%) and 50/410 (12%), respectively. There was no significant difference in overall inappropriate therapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95 [CI: 0.63–1.45], P = 0.95) or inappropriate ATP (HR = 0.98 [CI: 0.61–1.58], P = 0.94), between single‐ and dual‐chamber devices, using single‐chamber as a reference (Dual:Single). However, there was a trend toward a decrease in inappropriate shocks (HR = 0.60 [CI: 0.34–1.08], P = 0.09) in the dual‐chamber group. The same was evident when only analyzing inappropriate therapy for atrial tachyarrhythmias (HR = 0.88 [CI: 0.56–1.38], P = 0.58). There was no significant difference between the groups in device‐ or procedure‐related complications (HR = 1.54 [CI: 0.82–2.90], P = 0.18).ConclusionNo significant difference was found in inappropriate therapy or complications in patients treated with single‐ versus dual‐chamber ICD devices.
Parent–child problem solving in families of children with or without intellectual disability
Authors: Wieland N. , Green S. , Ellingsen R. , Baker B. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine differences in child social competence and parent–child interactions involving children with intellectual disability (ID) or typical development (TD) during a Parent–Child Problem‐Solving Task.DesignMothers and their 9‐year‐old children (n = 122) participated in a problem‐solving task in which they discussed and tried to resolve an issue they disagreed about. The interactions were coded on child and mother problem solving and affect behaviours, as well as the dyad's problem resolution.ResultsChildren with ID (n = 35) were rated lower on expression/negotiation skills and higher on resistance to the task than children with TD (n = 87). Mothers in the ID group (vs. TD group) were more likely to direct the conversation. However, there were no group differences on maternal feeling acknowledgement, engagement, warmth or antagonism. The ID dyads were less likely to come to a resolution and to compromise in doing so than the TD dyads. These group differences were not attributable to differences in children's behaviour problems.ConclusionsChildren with ID and their mothers had more difficulty resolving problems, and this increased difficulty was not explained by greater behaviour problems. Additionally, with the exception of directiveness, mothers of children with ID displayed similar behaviours and affect towards their children during problem solving as mothers of children with TD. Results suggest that the Parent–Child Problem‐Solving Task is a useful way to assess social skills and associated parental behaviours in middle childhood beyond self‐report. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.
Training support staff to modify fluids to appropriate safe consistencies for adults with intellectual disabilities and dysphagia: an efficacy study
Authors: Chadwick D. D. , Stubbs J. , Fovargue S. , Anderson D. , Stacey G. , Tye S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundModifying the consistency of food and drink is a strategy commonly used in the management of dysphagia for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). People with ID often depend on others for the preparation of food and drink and therefore depend on those caregivers achieving the correct consistency to keep them safe and avoid discomfort during mealtimes. Clinical experience and prior research have demonstrated that although training can improve modification, carers often find modification difficult and potentially stressful and recommend additional support for carers. Fluid consistency is often modified through the addition of powdered thickener. This study investigates the efficacy of typical training and use of consistency guides, the Thickness Indicator Model (TIM) tubes, in helping carers to modify fluids accurately.MethodA 3 × 3 pre–post experimental design with a control group was employed to compare the observed accuracy of modification across three groups and at three time points (pre‐intervention baseline, immediately post‐training intervention and 3–10 months post‐training). Sixty‐two paid carers who supported people with ID were recruited to participate in the study and each was randomly allocated to one of the three groups: a control group given written guidance only, a group who received typical training and written guidance and a group who received training, written guidance and the TIM tubes.Results & ConclusionsTypical training resulted in significantly greater carer accuracy in modifying fluid consistencies when compared with written guidance alone. Use of the TIM tubes also significantly improved accuracy in the modification of drinks compared with the group who modified with the aid of written guidance alone. At 3–10‐month follow‐up only the group who received typical training alongside the TIM tubes were significantly more accurate than the Written Guidance group. Further research is warranted to ascertain the effectiveness of the training and the utility of the TIM tubes in improving accuracy over a longer time scale and in individuals' usual living environments.