bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol-related mortality following self-harm: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Bergen Helen , Hawton Keith , Webb Roger , Cooper Jayne , Steeg Sarah , Haigh Matthew , Ness Jennifer , Waters Keith , Kapur Navneet 
Published: August 2014

Objectives To assess alcohol-related premature death in people who self-harm compared to the general population, including variation by socioeconomic deprivation. Design A retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis from the Multicentre Study of self-harm in England, 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010, with cause-specific mortality follow-up through to 31 December 2012. Setting Six emergency departments in Oxford, Manchester and Derby. Participants All individuals aged 15 years or more who presented with self-harm ( n = 39,014) to general hospital emergency departments, together with follow-up mortality information from the Data Linkage Service of the Health and Social Care Information Centre. Main outcome measures Standardised mortality ratios (observed/expected number of deaths: SMRs) and mean number of years of life lost (YLL) were estimated for alcohol-related mortality. Patients’ characteristics and clinical management following self-harm were also examined. Results After 7.5 years’ (median) follow-up, 2695 individuals (6.9%) had died, significantly more males (9.5%) than females (5.0%), including 307 (11.4%) from alcohol-related causes. Alcohol-related death was more frequent than expected in both males (SMR 8.5, 95% CI 7.3 to 9.8) and females (11.6, 9.8 to 13.7), equating to 33.7 YLL (95% CI 32.4 to 35.0) in males and 38.1 YLL (36.6 to 39.6) in females. It was not associated with area-level socioeconomic deprivation. Alcohol-related death was associated with unemployed/sick/disabled status, alcohol use during self-harm, referral to drug/alcohol services and lack of psychosocial assessment following self-harm. Conclusions Hospital-presenting self-harm patients should receive assessment following self-ham according to national guidance to enable early identification and treatment of alcohol problems.
The role of plasma gelsolin in cardiopulmonary bypass induced acute lung injury in infants and young children: a pilot study
Authors: Shi ShanShan , Chen Chi , Zhao DongYan , Liu XiWang , Cheng BaoLi , Wu ShuiJing , Lin Ru , Tan LinHua , Fang XiangMing , Shu Qiang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, CPB-ALI) is a common and serious complication after cardiac surgery. And infants and young children are more prone to CPB-ALI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perioperative changes of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) in patients below 3years of age with cardiac surgeries and CPB, and determine whether pGSN are associated with the occurrence and severity of CPB-ALI.

Methods
Seventy-seven consecutive patients ≤3 years of age with congenital heart diseases (CHD) performed on open heart surgery with CPB were finally enrolled, and assigned to ALI and non-ALI groups according to the American-European Consensus Criteria. Plasma concentrations of gelsolin and total protein were measured at following 8 time points: before CPB (a), after CPB (b), 2 hours after CPB (c), 6 hours after CPB (d), 12 hours after CPB (e), 24 hours after CPB (f), 48 hours after CPB (g) and 72 hours after CPB (h).

Results
Twenty-seven (35.1%) patients developed CPB-ALI in the study, including eleven (14.3%) patients with ARDS. The earliest significant drop of pGSN and normalized pGSN (pGSNN) of ALI group both occurred at 6 hours after CPB (p = 0.04 and p < 0.01), which was much earlier than those of non-ALI group (48 hours, p = 0.03 and 24 hours, p < 0.01); PGSN of ALI group before CPB and 6 hours after CPB were both significantly lower than those of non-ALI group (p < 0.01); PGSNN of ALI group before CPB and 6 hours after CPB were both significantly lower than those of non-ALI group (p < 0.01, p = 0.04); PGSN before CPB was the only independent risk factor predicting the occurrence of CPB-ALI (OR, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.007-1.039; p < 0.01) with an AUC of 0.753 (95% CI, 0.626-0.880); The optimal cutoff value of pGSN before CPB was 264.2 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 58.3% and a specificity 94.7%. And lower pGSN before CPB was significantly associated with the severity of CS-AKI (r = −0.45, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Patients developing CPB-ALI had lower plasma gelsolin reservoir and a much more amount and rapid consumption of plasma gelsolin early after operation. PGSN before CPB was an early and sensitive predictor of CPB-ALI in infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery, and was negatively correlated with the severity of CPB-ALI.
Functionalized silicon quantum dots by N-vinylcarbazole: synthesis and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Ji Jianwei , Wang Guan , You Xiaozeng , Xu Xiangxing 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) attract increasing interest nowadays due to their excellent optical and electronic properties. However, only a few optoelectronic organic molecules were reported as ligands of colloidal Si QDs. In this report, N-vinylcarbazole - a material widely used in the optoelectronics industry - was used for the modification of Si QDs as ligands. This hybrid nanomaterial exhibits different spectroscopic properties from either free ligands or Si QDs alone. Possible mechanisms were discussed. This type of new functional Si QDs may find application potentials in bioimaging, photovoltaic, or optoelectronic devices.
Worker adaptation and workplace accommodations after the onset of an illness
Authors: Høgelund Jan , Holm Anders 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Workers who become work-incapacitated may try to change employer or stay with their current employer in an accommodated job. We study the effect of these strategies on sick-listed workers’ employment durations. We use survey and register data of 809 workers. We simultaneously estimate the duration until returning to work and the duration of employment using the timing-of-event approach. We find that workplace accommodations increase employment durations with the current employer. We also find that workers returning to work with a new employer have significantly shorter employment durations than workers returning to work with the current employer (with or without accommodations).

JEL codes

I12 ,J21; J28; J64
An Evaluative Case Study: Reflection-focused Assessment Performance
Authors: Mahdavinia Mehdi , Tabatabaei Badri Modarres , Rahimi Ali 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This study is an assessment procedure which focuses on the learners' reflection administered as an alternative assessment strategy at a Teaching Language Course, Azad University, Tehran South Branch at graduate level. In fourteen sessions, thirty participants were involved in a progressive learning through reflection-focused assessment and leaner-centred education in contrast to the traditional approaches to education. This inquiry has expanded as a reflective, ongoing, formative, performance and authentic assessment. The purpose is concerned with the worth of an ongoing assessment program as a whole by focusing on the learners' reflective outcomes and making them more reflective, self-regulated and providing the sense of individuality. The results are used to determine whether to continue or terminate reflective-focused assessment at graduate levels of education, and also to help language teachers and learners to be aware of the effectiveness of different types of assessment. The significance of the study is to create an anxiety-free atmosphere for the learners to reflect their knowledge, educational strengths and weaknesses and difficulties and also to assess and evaluate both teaching and learning process by the use of learners' reflections. Providing timeliness feedback, note taking by the teacher and preparing remedial programs based on the learners' reflections and needs are other great significances of the study. The study explores to what extent reflection-focused assessment satisfies the objectives of the curriculum and real needs of the learners and make them reflective. A qualitative design was used to gather the data through triangular procedure: reviewing available documents such as reflective essays, course evaluation papers and teacher's notes, observation, voice and video recording and interviewing. Data were analyzed by descriptive and narrative methods. The findings showed that most of the curriculum objectives were satisfied; participants mastered the skills, grasped the related knowledge, become reflective, self-regulated learners and their sense of individuality were satisfied. The conclusion showed that reflective-focused assessment could be an approach focusing on the process rather than product and also it could work as a viable means to evaluate any level of education.
Cognitive Styles on C-Test and Cloze-Elide Test: Which Style Acts Better?
Authors: Soureshjani Kamal Heidari 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The study was, in fact, an attempt to investigate any probable role of the cognitive style of language learners in their performance of two varieties of cloze test; that is, c-test and cloze-elide test. In other words, the study tried to see if being an FD or FI cause any significant difference in their performance on such two tests or not. To achieve such a purpose, 95 language learners were selected on the basis of availability sampling procedure and then their cognitive style was determined by using Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT). After that, a series of c-test and cloze-elide tests were distributed among the two types of learners. In the end, the study revealed that there is a significant difference between the cognitive style of learners and their performance on the two intended tests. The study also showed that with regard to c-tests, FI learners have a better performance in comparison to FDs. However, regarding the cloze-elide test, FD learners outperform FIs.
Hybrid Modeling of Intelligence and Linguistic Factors as Predictors of L2 Writing Quality: A SEM Approach
Authors: Pishghadam Reza , Shams Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of linguistic and intelligence factors in L2 writing. The sample included 347 Iranian learners of English. Six tests were administered to measure the participants' grammar knowledge, depth of vocabulary knowledge, breadth of vocabulary, verbal intelligence, narrative intelligence, and writing ability. Two SEM models were compared to each other. Model 1 only included grammar knowledge, depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge as the linguistic factors of writing. Model 2, proposed by the researchers, included verbal and narrative intelligences as well. The models were then linked to the data to see which one fits better. The results of structural equation modeling show that Model 2 has better fit indices producing better parameter estimates. In the end, the applications and implications of the findings for L2 writing pedagogy and assessment are discussed.
The HIRA complex that deposits the histone H3.3 is conserved in Arabidopsis and facilitates transcriptional dynamics
Authors: Nie Xin , Wang Haifeng , Li Jing , Holec Sarah , Berger Frédéric 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
In animals, replication-independent incorporation of nucleosomes containing the histone variant H3.3 enables global reprogramming of histone modifications and transcriptional profiles. H3.3 enrichment over gene bodies correlates with gene transcription in animals and plants. In animals, H3.3 is deposited into chromatin by specific protein complexes, including the HIRA complex. H3.3 variants evolved independently and acquired similar properties in animals and plants, questioning how the H3.3 deposition machinery evolved in plants and what are its biological functions. We performed phylogenetic analyses in the plant kingdom and identified in Arabidopsis all orthologs of human genes encoding members of the HIRA complex. Genetic analyses, biochemical data and protein localisation suggest that these proteins form a complex able to interact with H3.3 in Arabidopsis in a manner similar to that described in mammals. In contrast to animals, where HIRA is required for fertilization and early development, loss of function of HIRA in Arabidopsis causes mild phenotypes in the adult plant and does not perturb sexual reproduction and embryogenesis. Rather, HIRA function is required for transcriptional reprogramming during dedifferentiation of plant cells that precedes vegetative propagation and for the appropriate transcription of genes responsive to biotic and abiotic factors. We conclude that the molecular function of the HIRA complex is conserved between plants and animals. Yet plants diversified HIRA functions to enable asexual reproduction and responsiveness to the environment in response to the plant sessile lifestyle.
Analysis Method for Estimating Diffuseness of Sound Fields by Using Decay-Cancelled Impulse Response
Authors: Hanyu Toshiki 
Published: August 2014

An analysis method for estimating diffuseness of sound fields by measuring the time variation in reflected sound energy of impulse responses is proposed. In this method, first a decay-cancelled impulse response is obtained by removing the reverberation decay from the impulse response using a Schroeder decay curve. The degree of diffusion of the sound field is determined by evaluating the time variation in the reflected sound energy of the decay-cancelled impulse response. By using this method, the frequency characteristics of diffuseness in sound fields can be analysed from the impulse response measured at a single point. The average degree of diffusion in a room can also be evaluated by averaging the analysis results at several points in the room, similar to the analysis of reverberation time. In order to verify the proposed method, the impulse responses in rooms having different types of diffusers were calculated by the wave acoustics computer simulation. The frequency characteristics of diffuseness were analysed from the calculated impulse responses, by using the proposed method. The results showed that the frequency characteristics of diffuseness change depending on the size of the diffusers. Thus, the proposed method can be used for evaluating the effect of diffusers on the degree of diffusion in a sound field.
Institutionalization of student academic achievement fuzzy-logic-based control procedure
Authors: Сучилин Владимир , Suchilin Vladimir , Архипова Татьяна , Arkhipova Tatyana 
Published: August 2014

The authors of the article proceed from the routine and well-established practice of using fuzzy logic for modeling and designing various systems and objects. The authors provide examples of the spheres of fuzzy set application, and refer to non-Russian experience to demonstrate that the use of fuzzy sets significantly reduces the expense that developing systems on the basis on the conventional mathematical tools incurs. The article focuses on the issue of institutionalization of student academic achievement control based on fuzzy logic, which will allow of an objective-data-driven assessment of learning outcomes. The objective data include attendance and in-class participation rates.
The focal issue of the article is regarded by the authors as a search for a solution in the framework of the expert system. The authors propose a number of heuristics for the problem area under consideration and provide information on academic achievement assessment value by the beginning of the formal examination period in terms of three rules of fuzzy inferences. The authors employed special software: MATLAB and Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The process is interactive and serves the purpose of a general analysis of the model’s applicability and efficiency. According to the authors, the model can be further improved and fine-tuned.
Subsídios para a gestão compartilhada da pesca na Baía da Babitonga (SC, Brasil)
Authors: Serafini Thiago Zagonel , Andriguetto Filho José Milton , Pierri Naína 
Published: August 2014

This study characterizes the fisheries at Babitonga Bay, in the northern coast of Santa Catarina (Brazil), in order to point out management implications of local contexts. Qualitative and quantitative surveys were conducted at 12 fishing localities in the region, assessing fishing practices, socioeconomic features, and aspects of the institutional organization of fishermen. A great variety of small-scale fishing practices and resources was observed, as well as different ways of fishing commercialization, with considerable differences between localities, resulting in part from differences in spatial use patterns. Despite the existence of a few local associations, so-called “Colônias de Pesca” were the main representative organizations. Yet, not all fishermen acknowledged their importance. A low degree of political organization of the fishermen was observed, as well as an apparent lack of leadership, moderate participation in representative fora (“Colônias”) and disagreement regarding group union perception. In their own opinion, their interactions with fisheries management government agencies , as well as with partner non-governmental organizations, were weak. Thus, while they realize the worsening conditions of local fisheries, which require management interventions, fishermen find it difficult to communicate with the organizations in charge. Differences in fishery resources use patterns also potentially increase complexity for local fisheries management. Changes in the local fisheries management perspective are needed, with an emphasis on the establishment of collaborative management arrangements (co-management), which could better deal with the complexity of the local fishery context, thus ensuring greater institutional effectiveness.
Finding and Mapping New Genes Faster than Ever: Revisited
Authors: Sikela James M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article recounts some of the early days of the Human Genome Project, covering the important and sometimes controversial role that complementary DNA-based approaches played in the discovery and mapping of the majority of human genes. It also describes my involvement in this effort and my lab's development of methods for rapid sequence identification and mapping of human genes.
State Transitions in the TORC1 Signaling Pathway and Information Processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hughes Hallett James E , Luo Xiangxia , Capaldi Andrew P 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
TOR kinase complex I (TORC1) is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism in all eukaryotes. Previous studies in yeast have shown that three GTPases—Gtr1, Gtr2, and Rho1—bind to TORC1 in nitrogen and amino acid starvation conditions to block phosphorylation of the S6 kinase Sch9 and activate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). This leads to downregulation of 450 Sch9-dependent protein and ribosome synthesis genes and upregulation of 100 PP2A-dependent nitrogen assimilation and amino acid synthesis genes. Here, using bandshift assays and microarray measurements, we show that the TORC1 pathway also populates three other stress/starvation states. First, in glucose starvation conditions, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK/Snf1) and at least one other factor push the TORC1 pathway into an off state, in which Sch9-branch signaling and PP2A-branch signaling are both inhibited. Remarkably, the TORC1 pathway remains in the glucose starvation (PP2A inhibited) state even when cells are simultaneously starved for nitrogen and glucose. Second, in osmotic stress, the MAPK Hog1/p38 drives the TORC1 pathway into a different state, in which Sch9 signaling and PP2A-branch signaling are inhibited, but PP2A-branch signaling can still be activated by nitrogen starvation. Third, in oxidative stress and heat stress, TORC1-Sch9 signaling is blocked while weak PP2A-branch signaling occurs. Together, our data show that the TORC1 pathway acts as an information-processing hub, activating different genes in different conditions to ensure that available energy is allocated to drive growth, amino acid synthesis, or a stress response, depending on the needs of the cell.
The Effectiveness of a Lumbopelvic Monitor and Feedback Device to Change Postural Behavior: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Cury , Sole Gisela , Abbott J. Haxby , Milosavljevic Stephan 
Published: August 2014

Study Design Feasibility randomized controlled trial. Objectives To assess the feasibility of a trial to investigate the effectiveness of a lumbopelvic monitor as a feedback device for modifying postural behavior during daily work-related activities. Background Frequent or sustained flexed postures play a role in the development or maintenance of nonspecific low back pain. The provision of postural feedback could help individuals with or at risk of nonspecific low back pain improve their postural awareness and avoid hazardous or pain-provoking postures. Methods Sixty-two participants employed in a health care organization were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 groups: a control group, an intermittent feedback group, and a constant feedback group. Adherence and follow-up rates were assessed. Differences in postural pattern between baseline and follow-up measurements were used to assess the effectiveness of the lumbopelvic monitor as a postural feedback device. Results Adherence was approximately 75%. With the exception of 1 center, the follow-up overall rates exceeded the a priori desired threshold of 80%. Within-group comparisons revealed no significant differences in postural pattern for the control group and intermittent feedback group. The constant feedback group showed a significant reduction in flexed posture at the follow-up period compared with the baseline period. Differences between groups did not reach statistical significance; however, the constant feedback group, compared with the control group, demonstrated an effect size (d) of 0.60. Conclusion The provision of constant postural feedback seems promising for promoting changes in postural behavior. This feasibility trial identified adherence and follow-up rates and sample-size estimates important to the conduct of a fully powered efficacy trial. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(9):702–711. Epub 6 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5009
Management Strategies for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee in the Skeletally Immature Athlete
Authors: Eismann Emily A. , Pettit Robert J. , Wall Eric J. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: August 2014

Synopsis Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a disorder resulting in focal breakdown of the subchondral bone, with potential disruption of the overlying articular cartilage. The femoral condyles of the knee are the most common locations for OCD, and the incidence of OCD appears to be increasing among active children. Juvenile OCD (JOCD) can be distinguished from adult OCD by the presence of open growth plates. Due to a lack of evidence on its early diagnosis, optimal treatment, and long-term course of healing, JOCD presents a unique challenge for the health care team. Approximately 50% to 67% of stable JOCD lesions heal successfully with nonoperative treatment. For unstable lesions and stable lesions that fail nonoperative treatment, a variety of surgical interventions can be utilized to stimulate bony healing and address articular cartilage lesions. It is recommended that rehabilitation of JOCD be tailored to the individual patient, based on the stage and radiographic status of the lesion and the mode of surgery employed when surgically addressed. Although there is a growing body of literature on this condition, the etiology and optimal methods for treatment, rehabilitation, and evaluating outcomes remain inconclusive due to a lack of quality evidence. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(9):665–679. Epub 6 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5140