bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Social Media: An Interactive Technology Incorporated as a Competitive Advantage for Business
Authors: Correia Pedro Pereira , Medina Irene García 
Published: April 2014

In a more transparent and dynamic world, in which consumers trust other consumers more for advice and recommendations on products and services, the continuity of organizations appears to be associated with socialization, the sharing of interests and the interaction with the audience. This is associated with the incorporation of digital technologies to business, specifically the use of social media.
Consequently, it is timely and interesting to explore the phenomenon of virtual socialization, although it is a little-studied field and what is needed is an innovative and theoretical approach based upon theories of marketing and communication. Expertise in these areas is present in all organizations and their performance is important for appropriate development of them.
This work is a qualitative analysis about the behavior, reactions and attitudes of individuals to organizations, in order to understand the social factors that contribute to sustainable competitive advantages of organizations which can support strategic and future actions.
We conclude that relevant factors associated with the tacit knowledge of the organization, specifically to learning and social interaction of the organization and their knowledge of virtual communities. The higher the coexistence of factors, the more difficult is the replication and greater will be the hypothesis of sustainable competitive advantage.
The effect of cavity disinfectants on the micro-shear bond strength of dentin adhesives
Authors: Elkassas Dina Wafik , Fawzi Elham Mostafa , El Zohairy Ahmed 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study was carried out to examine the effect of application of four different disinfecting agents on the micro-shear bond strength (μ-SBS) of an etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: One hundred flat dentin surfaces of human molars were produced by wet grinding the buccal surfaces. Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups according to the disinfectant used: Group I: Control (no disinfectant); Group II: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite based; Group III: 2% chlorhexidine based (Consepsis), Group IV: 0.1% benzalkoniumchloride based (Tubulicid red) and Group V: 3% doxycycline based (Biopure, MTAD). Specimens were bonded using either Adper Single Bond 2 or Clearfil S3 Bond, which were employed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Resin composite microcylinders were bonded using Tygon® tubes for μ-SBS testing. The modes of failure were noted after visual examination using a binocular stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification. Failures were classified as adhesive, or mixed. μ-SBS results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: Dentin disinfectants tested significantly negated the bonding of Adper Single bond 2 and the groups were ranked; Group I > Group V = Group IV > Group II = Group III, meanwhile they enhanced significantly the μ-SBS values upon using Clearfil S3 Bond and were ranked; Group II > Group III = Group IV = Group V > Group I. Most failures were adhesive with the Adper single bond adhesive system. Mixed modes of failure were evident with Clearfil S3 bond. Conclusions: The disinfectants tested should not be used with Adper Single Bond 2 when applied before the etching step, However they could be used safely prior to bonding with Clearfil S3 Bond.
Comparison of cleaning efficiency and deformation characteristics of Twisted File and ProTaper rotary instruments
Authors: Li Hang , Zhang Chenzheng , Li Qing , Wang Changning , Song Yaling 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of the following study is to compare the cleaning efficiency and deformation characteristics of Twisted File (TF) and ProTaper (PT) nickel-titanium rotary instruments in root canal preparation. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 canals from 26 extracted maxillary first molars were randomly assigned into two groups of each including 13 mesiobuccal and 12 distobuccal (DB) canals. Two DB canals were as blank controls. After preparation with TF and PT, we recorded the preparation time and evaluate the amounts of debris and smear layer at apical, middle and coronal canals under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three cross-sections of canals at 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm from the apex foramens were scanned before and after preparation under micro-computed tomography. Changes of the cross-section area (CSA) at the three levels were calculated with Photoshop CS4. File deformation was also investigated under SEM. Two groups were statistically compared with Mann-Whitney test and independent sample t-test. Results: Less debris and smear layer were found in coronal regions of canals prepared with TF (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, respectively). TF group displayed more CSA change than PT group (P = 0.045) at cross-sections of 5 mm from the apex foramens and took significantly less preparation time than PT group did (P = 9.06 × 10−28). All five TF files without obvious micro-cracks and two out of 25 PT files with many micro-cracks showed visible unwound deformation. Conclusion: Neither TF nor PT achieves complete cleanliness of canal walls. Their deformation features might indicate different fracture resistance. TF single-file technique would substantially shorten the time of root canal preparation.
The influence of air temperature for solvent evaporation on bonding of self-etch adhesives to dentin
Authors: Moura Sandra Kiss , Murad Cintia Gaio , Reis Alessandra , Klein-Júnior Celso Afonso , Grande Rosa Helena Miranda , Loguercio Alessandro Dourado 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study evaluated the effect of air temperature (warm or cold) for solvent evaporation on bonding and nanoleakage of self-etching adhesives to dentin. Materials and Methods: The adhesives Clearfil 3S Bond [S3], OptiBond All-In-One [OB], Adper SE Plus [AD], and Silorane adhesive [SI] were applied on dentin surfaces, and a warm (60 ± 2°C) or cold air (20 ± 1°C) was applied and light-cured. After water storage (24 h), the teeth were sectioned into sticks (0.8 mm2) and tested in tensile. Then, they were immersed in a 50% solution of silver nitrate, photo-developed and the nanoleakage observed in a scanning electron microscope. The bond strength and nanoleakage pattern were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey´s test (α =0.05). Results: Higher bond strength and lower silver nitrate uptake were observed for the adhesives under warm condition (P < 0.05). AD and SI showed better adhesive results than S3 and OB (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of a warm air was useful to improve the bonding and diminish the nanoleakage of adhesive systems to dentin.
Management of an intruded primary central incisor with a natural crown under general anesthesia
Authors: Altunsoy Mustafa , Bilgin Mehmet Selim 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTooth intrusion is the most common trauma during early infancy. Primary maxillary central incisors are the most affected teeth. There are a few treatment approaches which depend upon the severity of the trauma, and the treatment must be managed professionally. In this case report, a 3-year-old girl with a history of trauma 40 days before referring to our pediatric clinic is presented. Deciduous maxillary right central incisor was intruded through labial and alveolar socket and completely covered with soft tissue. The intruded deciduous incisor tooth was surgically extracted and impression was taken under general anesthesia. The removable partial prosthesis was completed by using the patient's own extracted tooth. Using natural crown on removable prosthesis gives psychological satisfaction to the patient and his/her family, and can be better tolerated since its shape, size, and color are exactly in harmony.
X-ray diffraction analysis of MTA-Plus, MTA-Angelus and DiaRoot BioAggregate
Authors: Guven Yeliz , Tuna Elif Bahar , Dincol Muzaffer Emin , Aktoren Oya 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the crystalline structures of recently released MTA Plus (MTA-P), MTA Angelus (MTA-A), DiaRoot BioAggregate (BA) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Materials and Methods: Phase analysis was carried out on powder and set forms of tested materials. The powder specimens placed into sample holders that were packed with a glass slide and the set samples prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions were placed into molds. The samples after being set for three days at 37°C and 100% humidity in an incubator were mounted onto the XRD machine and phase identification was accomplished using a search-match software program. Results: XRD findings indicated that major constituents of MTA-P were bismuth oxide, portlandite, dicalcium silicate and tricalcium silicate. The crystal structure of MTA-A were similar to those of MTA-P except for the absence of portlandite. Additionally, MTA-A had tricalcium aluminate differing from MTA-P. BA mainly differed from MTA-P and MTA-A by the radiopacifier (tantalum oxide-TO) in its composition. Conclusions: The majority of constituents of the tested materials have shown similarity except for the presence of tricalcium aluminate in MTA-A and the inclusion of TO in BA. In addition, set MTA-P showed a strong peak of portlandite.
Combinatorially Factorizable Cryptic Inverse Semigroups
Authors: Petrich Mario 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn inverse semigroup S is combinatorially factorizable if S = TG where T is a combinatorial (i.e., 𝓗 is the equality relation) inverse subsemigroup of S and G is a subgroup of S. This concept was introduced and studied byMills, especially in the case when S is cryptic (i.e., 𝓗 is a congruence on S). Her approach is mainly analytical considering subsemigroups of a cryptic inverse semigroup.We start with a combinatorial inverse monoid and a factorizable Clifford monoid and from an action of the former on the latter construct the semigroups in the title. As a special case, we consider semigroups that are direct products of a combinatorial inverse monoid and a group.
Una mirada a la seguridad internacional a la luz de las estrategias de seguridad nacional
Authors: Dockendorff Andrés , Duval Tomás 
Published: April 2014

Este artículo compara las estrategias de seguridad nacional de 9 países: Australia, Brasil, Canadá, Chile; Francia, Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña, los Países Bajos y España. Se busca establecer principalmente las implicaciones analíticas de los documentos. A través de la teoría de los «Sectores de Seguridad» de Buzan, Wæver y de Wilde, se realiza una aproximación a los conceptos y visiones que conforman la agenda de seguridad en la post Guerra Fría. Al mismo tiempo, se abordan críticamente tres cuestiones relativas a la evolución de la seguridad internacional que plantean Buzan y Hansen: ¿Qué identifican las estrategias como objeto referente? ¿Se incluyen tanto las amenazas externas como las internas? ¿Se concibe en estos documentos una seguridad más allá del uso de la fuerza militar? Se concluye que las políticas revisadas aplican un concepto amplio de seguridad, en apariencia coincidente con quienes abogan por profundizar y ampliar la seguridad. Ello incluye una variada gama de amenazas, principalmente transnacionales. Con todo, lo anterior no cancela la vigencia de la dimensión tradicional de la seguridad, asociada al sector militar. Más bién, parecen coexistir amenazas tradicionales con nuevos problemas de seguridad. Por otra parte, la inclusiòn de factores económicos, ambientales o sociales puede llevar a una sobre extensión del concepto.
Next‐Generation Sequencing RNA‐Seq Library Construction
Authors: Podnar Jessica , Deiderick Heather , Huerta Gabriella , Hunicke‐Smith Scott 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis unit presents protocols for construction of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) directional RNA sequencing libraries for the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq from a wide variety of input RNA sources. The protocols are based on the New England Biolabs (NEB) small RNA library preparation set for Illumina, although similar kits exist from different vendors. The protocol preserves the orientation of the original RNA in the final sequencing library, enabling strand‐specific analysis of the resulting data. These libraries have been used for differential gene expression analysis and small RNA discovery and are currently being tested for de novo transcriptome assembly. The protocol is robust and applicable to a broad range of RNA input types and RNA quality, making it ideal for high‐throughput laboratories. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 106:4.21.1‐4.21.19. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genome‐Wide Fitness and Genetic Interactions Determined by Tn‐seq, a High‐Throughput Massively Parallel Sequencing Method for Microorganisms
Authors: van Opijnen Tim , Lazinski David W. , Camilli Andrew 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe lagging annotation of bacterial genomes and the inherent genetic complexity of many phenotypes is hindering the discovery of new drug targets and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. This unit presents Tn‐seq, a method that has made it possible to quantitatively determine fitness for most genes in a microorganism and to screen for quantitative genetic interactions on a genome‐wide scale and in a high‐throughput fashion. Tn‐seq can thus direct studies on the annotation of genes and untangle complex phenotypes. The method is based on the construction of a saturated transposon insertion library. After library selection, changes in the frequency of each insertion mutant are determined by sequencing flanking regions en masse. These changes are used to calculate each mutant's fitness. The method was originally developed for the Gram‐positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative agent of pneumonia and meningitis, but has now been applied to several different microbial species. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 106:7.16.1‐7.16.24 . © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection of Mycoplasma Contamination in Cell Cultures
Authors: Uphoff Cord C. , Drexler Hans G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMycoplasma contamination of cell lines is a major problem in cell culture technology. This unit presents protocols involving either the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to provide independent, fast, and sensitive techniques to monitor mycoplasma contamination in laboratory cultures. Special emphasis is placed on the integration of control reactions to prevent false‐negative as well as false‐positive results due to reaction inhibition or contamination and background staining, respectively. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 106:28.4.1‐28.4.14. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermospheric dissipation of upward propagating gravity wave packets
Authors: Heale C. J. , Snively J. B. , Hickey M. P. , Ali C. J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe use a nonlinear, fully compressible, two‐dimensional numerical model to study the effects of dissipation on gravity wave packet spectra in the thermosphere. Numerical simulations are performed to excite gravity wave packets using either a time‐dependent vertical body forcing at the bottom boundary or a specified initial wave perturbation. Three simulation case studies are performed to excite (1) a steady state monochromatic wave, (2) a spectrally broad wave packet, and (3) a quasi‐monochromatic wave packet. In addition, we analyze (4) an initial condition simulation with an isothermal background. We find that, in cases where the wave is not continually forced, the dominant vertical wavelength decreases in time, predominantly due to a combination of refraction from the thermosphere and dissipation of the packets' high frequency components as they quickly reach high altitude. In the continually forced steady state case, the dominant vertical wavelength remains constant once initial transients have passed. The vertical wavelength in all simulations increases with altitude above the dissipation altitude (the point at which dissipation effects are greater than the wave amplitude growth caused by decreasing background density) at any fixed time. However, a shift to smaller vertical wavelength values in time is clearly exhibited as high‐frequency, long vertical wavelength components reach high altitudes and dissipate first, to be replaced by slower waves of shorter vertical wavelength. Results suggest that the dispersion of a packet significantly determines its spectral evolution in the dissipative thermosphere.
Spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron triggered emissions and associated energetic proton dynamics
Authors: Shoji Masafumi , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe perform parametric analyses of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) triggered emissions with a gradient of the nonuniform ambient magnetic field using a hybrid simulation. According to nonlinear wave growth theory, as the gradient of the ambient magnetic field becomes larger, the theoretical threshold of the wave amplitude becomes larger, although the optimum wave amplitude for nonlinear wave growth does not change. With a larger magnetic field gradient, we obtain coherent rising‐tone spectra because the triggering process of the EMIC triggered emission takes place only under a limited condition on the wave amplitude. On the other hand, with a smaller magnetic field gradient, triggering of the emissions can be caused with various wave amplitudes, and then the subpackets are generated at various locations at the same time. The concurrent triggering of emissions results in incoherent waves, observed as “broadband” EMIC bursts. Broadband emissions induce rapid precipitation of energetic protons into the loss cone since the scattering by the concurrent triggering takes place faster than that of the coherent emissions. The coherent triggered emission causes efficient proton acceleration around the equator because of the stable particle trapping by the coherent rising‐tone emission.
Vertical ExB drifts from radar and C/NOFS observations in the Indian and Indonesian sectors: Consistency of observations and model
Authors: Patra A. K. , Chaitanya P. Pavan , Otsuka Y. , Yokoyama T. , Yamamoto M. , Stoneback R. A. , Heelis R. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze vertical ExB drifts obtained from the Doppler shifts of the daytime 150 km radar echoes from two radar stations located off the magnetic equator, namely, Gadanki in India and Kototabang in Indonesia, and compare those with corresponding Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI) observations onboard the C/NOFS satellite and the Scherliess‐Fejer model in an effort to understand to what extent the low‐latitude vertical ExB drifts of the 150 km region represent the F region vertical ExB drifts. The radar observations were made during 9–16 LT in January, June, July, and December 2009. A detailed comparison reveals that vertical ExB drifts observed by the radars at both locations agree well with those of CINDI and differ remarkably from those of the model. Importantly, the model and observed drifts show large disagreement when the observed drifts are either large or downward. Further, while the CINDI as well as the radar observations from the two longitudes are found to agree with each other on the average, they differ remarkably on several occasions when compared on a one‐to‐one basis. The observed difference in detail is due to measurements made in different volumes linked with latitudinal and/or longitudinal differences and underlines the role of neutral dynamics linked with tides and gravity waves in the two longitude sectors on the respective vertical ExB drifts. The results presented here are the first of their kind and are expected to have wider applications in furthering our understanding on fine‐scale longitudinal variabilities in the ionosphere in general and ionospheric electrodynamics in the Indian and Indonesian sectors in particular.
Three‐dimensional compressional wave attenuation tomography for the crust and uppermost mantle of Northern and central California
Authors: Lin Guoqing 
Published: April 2014

AbstractI present a frequency‐independent three‐dimensional (3‐D) compressional wave attenuation model (indicated by quality factor Qp) for the crust and uppermost mantle of Northern and central California. The tomographic inversion used t∗ values measured from amplitude spectra of 80,988 P wave arrivals of 3247 events recorded by 463 network stations through a 3‐D seismic velocity model. The model has a uniform horizontal grid spacing of 15 km, and the vertical node intervals range between 2 and 10 km down to 45 km depth. In general, the resulting Qp values increase with depth and agree with the surface geology at shallow depth layers. The most significant features observed in the Qp model are the high Qp values in the Sierra Nevada mountains and low Qp anomalies in the western fault zones. Low Qp values are also imaged in Owens Valley and Long Valley at shallow depths and the Cape Mendocino region in the lower crust (∼25 km depth). An overall contrast of Qp values across the fault is observed in the creeping, Parkfield and Cholame‐Carrizo sections of the San Andreas Fault. The new 3‐D Qp model provides an important complement to the existing regional‐scale velocity models for interpreting structural heterogeneity and fluid saturation of rocks in the study area.
Preventable infections in children with leukodystrophy
Authors: Anderson Holly M. , Wilkes Jacob , Korgenski Ernest Kent , Pulsipher Michael A. , Blaschke Anne J. , Hersh Adam L. , Srivastava Rajendu , Bonkowsky Joshua L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChildren with inherited leukodystrophies have high hospitalization rates, often associated with infection. We studied whether potentially modifiable risk factors (preexisting indwelling central intravenous access, urinary catheter, hardware, or mechanical ventilation; and influenza vaccine) were associated with infection‐related hospitalization in children with leukodystrophy. Central intravenous access was associated with sepsis (odds ratio [OR] 9.8); urinary catheter was associated with urinary tract infections (OR 9.0); lack of seasonal vaccination was associated with influenza (OR 6.4); and mechanical ventilation was associated with pneumonia (OR 2.7). We conclude that potentially modifiable risk factors are significantly associated with infection and hospitalization in children with leukodystrophies.
Fabrication of Polyurethane‐Based Composites Used in Water‐Lubricated Bearings
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Yang Xiaoniu , Su Wanli , Li Yunhui 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe preparation of a new antiwear composites based on polyurethane (PU) elastomer blended and modified with ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been described. The performance of PU‐based composites (PUC) with different proportions of UHMWPE micropowder was demonstrated with mechanical testing, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and friction and wear testing. Compared with the single PU elastomeric material, the composites showed excellent mechanical properties (including tensile strength, break elongation, and flexible modulus), thermal stability, extremely good wear resistance, and low coefficient of friction, especially in water. PUC fabricated in this study is a kind of typical wear‐resistant material, which is especially suitable for water‐lubricated bearings widely used in metallurgy, mining, hydraulic engineering, and other harsh working conditions.