bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Courage apostolique et crise d’exemplarité : le Petrus (1556) de Claude Roillet
Authors: Nassichuk John 
Published: September 2014

Publiée pour la première fois en 1556 dans les Variata poemata de Claude Roillet, la tragédie latine en cinq actes intitulée Petrus met en scène une version des derniers jours de l’apôtre, conçue d’après la tradition historiographique qui fait de lui une victime de Néron. Il se profile à travers ces cinq actes, au-delà de la mise en scène de deux hommes aux valeurs morales opposées, un véritable conflit de civilisations à l’échelle historique. Dans l’ombre de la Rome antique des empereurs et des dieux païens, la Ville éternelle de l’Église et des fidèles chrétiens se dresse au nom du Sauveur. Or, la lutte décisive entre ces deux conceptions rivales se décide à travers une crise de l’exemplarité qui secoue la communauté chrétienne lorsque Pierre, sous la menace de l’empereur, décide de se sauver en quittant Rome. Le présent article traite de la bataille idéologique qui se développe sur cet arrière-fond, entre l’ancienne Rome païenne et la nouvelle Cité de Dieu. L’article traite notamment de trois aspects forts de la pièce de Roillet : le portrait de l’empereur Néron ; le portrait de l’apôtre Pierre ; la portée décisive des grands exemples bibliques qu’invoque ce dernier lors de sa confrontation avec l’empereur.
L’exemplarité de Jules César dans la tragédie humaniste : Muret, Grévin, Garnier
Authors: Frappier Louise 
Published: September 2014

Pour les théoriciens de la Renaissance, témoins et commentateurs des crises politiques, la tragédie, en mettant en scène la chute des princes et en traitant des malheurs de l’État, tire son utilité de ce qu’elle est un genre poétique au service de l’« instruction » des puissants. Un examen rapide des tragédies françaises écrites au cours du xvie siècle révèle l’intérêt des dramaturges pour l’histoire romaine, intérêt qui s’explique aisément. L’histoire romaine fournit en effet son lot d’exemples de chutes politiques spectaculaires ; elle présente de même plusieurs modèles et contre-modèles dans la conduite des affaires de l’État. À cet égard, la figure de Jules César occupe une place non négligeable dans le corpus tragique de la période. Il s’agit, dans cet article, d’analyser la représentation du personnage historique de Jules César dans les tragédies de Marc-Antoine Muret (Julius Caesar), Jacques Grévin (César) et Robert Garnier (Cornélie), afin d’en mesurer la portée exemplaire d’un point de vue moral et politique et de déterminer dans quelle mesure l’utilisation de Jules César participe d’une visée didactique ayant pour destinataire le monarque français, à un moment-charnière de l’histoire de la France où sont discutés et repensés les rapports entre le souverain et son royaume.
Bursty magnetic reconnection under slow shock‐generated whistler waves
Authors: Ma Z. W. , Wu L. N. , Li L. J. , Wang L. C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNonlinear dynamics of magnetic reconnection with an external sub‐Alfvenic parallel shear flow is investigated by using two‐dimensional compressible Hall MHD simulation. Two pairs of slow shocks in the inflow region are generated by the sub‐Alfvenic shear flow in the MHD simulation. With inclusion of Hall effects, it is found that whistler waves are generated in the downstream region of slow shocks. The whistler waves propagating toward the reconnection region drive a large bursty enhancement in magnetic reconnection during its decaying phase.
Heat fluxes across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage: Mean flow and eddy contributions
Authors: Ferrari Ramiro , Provost Christine , Park Young‐Hyang , Sennéchael Nathalie , Koenig Zoé , Sekma Hela , Garric Gilles , Bourdallé‐Badie Romain 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn contrast to a long‐standing belief, observations in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) show that mean velocity vectors rotate with depth, thus suggesting a possible importance of the time‐mean flow for the local poleward heat transport. The respective contributions of the eddy and mean flows to the heat flux across the ACC in Drake Passage (DP) are investigated using recently acquired and historical time series of velocity and temperature from a total of 24 current meter moorings and outputs of a high‐resolution (1/12°) model with realistic topography. Only 11 out of the 24 depth‐integrated eddy heat flux estimates are found to be significant, and they are poleward. Model depth‐integrated eddy heat fluxes have similar signs and amplitudes as the in situ estimates at the mooring sites. They are mostly poleward or nonsignificant, with amplitude decreasing to the south. The cross‐stream temperature fluxes caused by the mean flow at the moorings have a sign that varies with location and corresponds to the opposite of the vertical velocity estimates. The depth‐integrated temperature fluxes due to the mean flow in the model exhibit small spatial scales and are of opposite sign to the bottom vertical velocities. This suggests that the rotation of the mean velocity vectors with depth is mainly due to bottom topography. The rough hilly topography in DP likely promotes the small‐scale vertical velocities and temperature fluxes. Eddy heat fluxes and cross‐stream temperature fluxes are integrated over mass‐balanced regions defined by the model transport streamlines. The contribution of the mean flow to the ocean heat fluxes across the Southern ACC Front in DP (covering about 4% of the circumpolar longitudes) is about four times as large as the eddy heat flux contribution and the sum of the two represent on the order of 10% of the heat loss to the atmosphere south of 60°S.
Modulation of Rossby waves on the Pacific North Equatorial Current bifurcation associated with the 1976 climate regime shift
Authors: Wang Li‐Chiao , Wu Chau‐Ron , Qiu Bo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSimulated current velocity and long‐term reanalysis wind data are used to investigate interannual variations in the bifurcation of the Pacific North Equatorial Current (NEC) after the 1976 climate regime shift. Wind stress curl anomaly (WSCA) in the region of 10°N–15°N and 160°E–170°E generates Rossby waves and affects the NEC bifurcation along the Philippine coast. From 1976 to 1992, following a regime shift to the positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase, PDO and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) match each other in strength and have a neutralized effect on the WSCA. From 1993 to 2009, WSCA matches PDO well, and its correlation with ENSO is lower. Using a linear regression model, we show that the influence of PDO has nearly 13 times weight over that of ENSO. Prior to the 1976 regime shift, WSCA is closely related to ENSO from 1961 to 1975, and it does not correlate significantly with PDO. Our analysis results show that Rossby waves are preferentially generated in either the negative PDO phase when the ENSO signal dominates, or in the positive PDO phase when the ENSO signal is overshadowed. In the phase when the positive PDO counteracts with the ENSO signal, neither ENSO nor PDO has a significant influence on Rossby wave generations through the WSCA.
Mapping erodibility in dust source regions based on geomorphology, meteorology, and remote sensing
Authors: Parajuli Sagar Prasad , Yang Zong‐Liang , Kocurek Gary 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMineral dust in the atmosphere has implications for Earth's radiation budget, biogeochemical cycles, hydrological cycles, human health, and visibility. Currently, the simulated vertical mass flux of dust differs greatly among the existing dust models. While most of the models utilize an erodibility factor to characterize dust sources, this factor is assumed to be static, without sufficient characterization of the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of dust source regions. We present a high‐resolution land cover map of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in which the terrain is classified by visually examining satellite images obtained from Google Earth Professional and Environmental Systems Research Institute Basemap. We show that the correlation between surface wind speed and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer deep blue aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be used as a proxy for erodibility, which satisfactorily represents the spatiotemporal distribution of soil‐derived dust sources. This method also identifies agricultural dust sources and eliminates the satellite‐observed dust component that arises from long‐range transport, pollution, and biomass burning. The erodible land cover of the MENA region is grouped into nine categories: (1) bedrock: with sediment, (2) sand deposit, (3) sand deposit: on bedrock, (4) sand deposit: stabilized, (5) agricultural and urban area, (6) fluvial system, (7) stony surface, (8) playa/sabkha, and (9) savanna/grassland. Our results indicate that erodibility is linked to the land cover type and has regional variation. An improved land cover map, which explicitly accounts for sediment supply, availability, and transport capacity, may be necessary to represent the highly dynamic nature of dust sources in climate models.
Local trends in diet in urbanColombia, 1990–1995 to 2008: Little evidence of a nutrition transition among low‐income women
Authors: Dufour Darna L. , Bender Richard L. , Reina Julio C. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo quantify changes in the diets of low‐income women in Cali, Colombia between 1990–1995 and 2008, a period of increases in body size, and to situate these changes within national‐level trends in food availability, as well as to compare these changes with those expected in countries undergoing a nutrition transition.MethodsIndividual dietary intake was assessed via 24‐hour recalls in both 1990–1995 (n = 85) and 2008 (n = 88). Dietary data were analyzed for intake of energy, macronutrients, and specific food items. National‐level trends in food availability were evaluated using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization.ResultsTotal energy and protein intake did not change over time, but in 2008 women consumed proportionally more fat (23.0vs. 19.1% of calories;P = 0.002) and less carbohydrate (66.5vs. 71.0% of calories;P < 0.001) than in 1990–1995. The increased fat consumption is attributable to vegetable oils. This increase in vegetable oil consumption, and a decrease in starchy vegetable consumption, fit with both national‐level trends in food supply, and the expectations of a nutrition transition. On the other hand, the increased consumption of non‐starchy vegetables, and the stability in consumption of added sugars and animal‐source proteins was contrary to the expectations of a nutrition transition.ConclusionsThe changes in diet among low‐income women in Cali, Colombia between 1990–1995 and 2008 partially match national‐level trends in food supply and the theoretical expectations of a nutrition transition, but are nonetheless a localized phenomenon. They do not help explain concurrent changes in body size. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:106–115, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Doped Graphenes as Catalyst for the Dehydrogenative Coupling of Silanes and Alcohols
Authors: Blandez Juan F. , Primo Ana , Asiri Abdullah M. , Álvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCopper nanoparticles (NPs) supported on a series of undoped and doped graphene materials (Gs) have been obtained by pyrolysis of alginate or chitosan biopolymers, modified or not with boric acid, containing Cu2+ ions at 900 °C under inert atmosphere. The resulting Cu‐G materials containing about 17 wt % Cu NPs (from 10 to 200 nm) exhibit high catalytic activity for the dehydrogenative coupling of silanes with alcohols. The optimal material consisting on Cu‐(B)G is more efficient than Cu NPs on other carbon supports.
Trennung von para‐und ortho‐Wasser
Authors: Horke Daniel A. , Chang Yuan‐Pin , Długołęcki Karol , Küpper Jochen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWasser existiert in Form zweier Kernspinisomere, para und ortho, definiert durch den Gesamtspin der zwei Wasserstoffatomkerne. In isolierten Wassermolekülen ist die Umwandlung zwischen den beiden Isomeren quantenmechanisch verboten, und sie können als zwei verschiedene Molekülspezies betrachtet werden. Ihre Trennung ist nicht trivial, und reine Proben von para‐Wasser sind bisher nicht erzeugt worden. Daher sind die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften, Umwandlungsmechanismen und Wechselwirkungen der beiden Isomere kaum bekannt. Hier demonstrieren wir die Isolierung beider Spinisomere in reinen Molekülstrahlen von para‐ und ortho‐Wasser im jeweiligen absoluten Grundzustand. Die Moleküle in einzelnen Quantenzuständen sind ideale Proben für Studien zu Umwandlungsmechanismen der Isomere, für Präzisionsspektroskopie, zur Untersuchung fundamentaler physikalischer Symmetriebrechung sowie für kernspinbasierte Anwendungen, z. B. Laborexperimente zur Astrophysik und ‐chemie oder hochempfindliche NMR‐Experimente.
Temperature‐Dependent Electron Shuffle in Molecular Group 13/15 Intermetallic Complexes
Authors: Ganesamoorthy Chelladurai , Bläser Dieter , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMonovalent RAl (R=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2) reacts with E2Et4 (E=Sb, Bi) with insertion into the weak EE bond and subsequent formation of RAl(EEt2)2 (E=Sb 1; Bi 2). The analogous reactions of RGa with E2Et4 yield a temperature‐dependent equilibrium between RGa(EEt2)2 (E=Sb 3; Bi 4) and the starting reagents. RIn does not interact with Sb2Et4 under various reaction conditions, but formation of RIn(BiEt2)2 (5) was observed in the reaction with Bi2Et4 at low temperature.
Crystal Structure of Tryptophan Lyase (NosL): Evidence for Radical Formation at the Amino Group of Tryptophan
Authors: Nicolet Yvain , Zeppieri Laura , Amara Patricia , Fontecilla‐Camps Juan C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStreptomyces actuosus tryptophan lyase (NosL) is a radical SAM enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of 3‐methyl‐2‐indolic acid, a precursor in the synthesis of the promising antibiotic nosiheptide. The reaction involves cleavage of the tryptophan CαCβ bond and recombination of the amino‐acid‐derived ‐COOH fragment at the indole ring. Reported herein is the 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure of NosL complexed with its substrate. Unexpectedly, only one of the tryptophan amino hydrogen atoms is optimally placed for H abstraction by the SAM‐derived 5′‐deoxyadenosyl radical. This orientation, in turn, rules out the previously proposed delocalized indole radical as the species which undergoes CαCβ bond cleavage. Instead, stereochemical considerations indicate that the reactive intermediate is a .NH tryptophanyl radical. A structure‐based amino acid sequence comparison of NosL with the tyrosine lyases ThiH and HydG strongly suggests that an equivalent .NH radical operates in the latter enzymes.
Anti‐Electrostatic Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Weinhold Frank , Klein Roger A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAb initio and hybrid density functional techniques were employed to characterize a surprising new class of H‐bonded complexes between ions of like charge. Representative H‐bonded complexes of both anion–anion and cation–cation type exhibit appreciable kinetic stability and the characteristic theoretical, structural, and spectroscopic signatures of hydrogen bonding, despite the powerful opposition of Coulomb electrostatic forces. All such “anti‐electrostatic” H‐bond (AEHB) species confirm the dominance of resonance‐type covalency (“charge transfer”) interactions over the inessential (secondary or opposing) “ionic” or “dipole–dipole” forces that are often presumed to be essential for numerical modeling or conceptual explanation of the H‐bonding phenomenon.
Synthetic Molecules that Protect Cells from Anoikis and Their Use in Cell Transplantation
Authors: Frisco‐Cabanos Heidie L. , Watanabe Mizuki , Okumura Naoki , Kusamori Kosuke , Takemoto Naohiro , Takaya Junichiro , Sato Shin‐ichi , Yamazoe Sayumi , Takakura Yoshinobu , Kinoshita Shigeru , Nishikawa Makiya , Koizumi Noriko , Uesugi Motonari 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOne of the major problems encountered in cell transplantation is the low level of survival of transplanted cells due to detachment‐induced apoptosis, called anoikis. The present study reports on the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of water‐soluble molecules that protect suspended cells from anoikis. The synthetic molecules bind to and induce clusters of integrins and heparan‐sulfate‐bound syndecans, two classes of receptors that are important for extracellular matrix‐mediated cell survival. Molecular biological analysis indicates that such molecules prolong the survival of suspended NIH3T3 cells, at least in part, by promoting clustering of syndecan‐4 and integrin β1 on the cell surface, leading to the activation of small GTPase Rac‐1 and Akt. In vivo experiments using animal disease models demonstrated the ability of the molecules to improve cell engraftment. The cluster‐inducing molecules may provide a starting point for the design of new synthetic tools for cell‐based therapy.
Exploration of Conformational Spaces of High‐Mannose‐Type Oligosaccharides by an NMR‐Validated Simulation
Authors: Yamaguchi Takumi , Sakae Yoshitake , Zhang Ying , Yamamoto Sayoko , Okamoto Yuko , Kato Koichi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExploration of the conformational spaces of flexible biomacromolecules is essential for quantitatively understanding the energetics of their molecular recognition processes. We employed stable isotope‐ and lanthanide‐assisted NMR approaches in conjunction with replica‐exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations to obtain atomic descriptions of the conformational dynamics of high‐mannose‐type oligosaccharides, which harbor intracellular glycoprotein‐fate determinants in their triantennary structures. The experimentally validated REMD simulation provided quantitative views of the dynamic conformational ensembles of the complicated, branched oligosaccharides, and indicated significant expansion of the conformational space upon removal of a terminal mannose residue during the functional glycan‐processing pathway.
Electron‐Transfer Photochromism To Switch Bulk Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties with High Contrast
Authors: Li Pei‐Xin , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Zhang Ming‐Jian , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Cai Li‐Zhen , Guo Sheng‐Ping , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe first bulk electron‐transfer photochromic compound with intrinsic second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) photoswitching properties has been synthesized. This system employs an electron‐transfer photoactive asymmetric viologen ligand coordinated to a zinc(II) center.
Gas‐Phase Preparation of Carbonic Acid and Its Monomethyl Ester
Authors: Reisenauer Hans Peter , Wagner J. Philipp , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCarbonic acid (H2CO3), an essential molecule of life (e.g., as bicarbonate buffer), has been well characterized in solution and in the solid state, but for a long time, it has eluded its spectral characterization in the gas phase owing to a lack of convenient preparation methods; microwave spectra were recorded only recently. Here we present a novel and general method for the preparation of H2CO3 and its monomethyl ester (CH3OCO2H) through the gas‐phase pyrolysis of di‐tert‐butyl and tert‐butyl methyl carbonate, respectively. H2CO3 and CH3OCO2H were trapped in noble‐gas matrices at 8 K, and their infrared spectra match those computed at high levels of theory [focal point analysis beyond CCSD(T)/cc‐pVQZ] very well. Whereas the spectra also perfectly agree with those of the vapor phase above the β‐polymorph of H2CO3, this is not true for the previously reported α‐polymorph. Instead, the vapor phase above α‐H2CO3 corresponds to CH3OCO2H, which sheds new light on the research that has been conducted on molecular H2CO3 over the last decades.
Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Thioacids to Trisubstituted Nitroalkenes
Authors: Phelan James P. , Patel Evan J. , Ellman Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe first example of a catalytic enantioselective addition to and nitronate protonation of trisubstituted nitroalkenes to produce highly enantioenriched products with a tetrasubstituted carbon is reported. Thioacids added in excellent yields and with high enantioselectivities to both activated and unactivated nitroalkenes. The 1,2‐nitrothioacetate products can be readily converted in two steps to biomedically relevant 1,2‐aminosulfonic acids without loss of enantiopurity.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of 5‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrroles with Internal Alkynes through C(sp2)H/Alkene Functionalization
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Bo , Pi Rui , Hu Ming , Yang Yuan , Song Ren‐Jie , Xia Yuanzhi , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study describes a new rhodium(III)‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of 5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrroles with internal alkynes using a Cu(OAc)2 oxidant for building a spirocyclic ring system, which includes the functionalization of an aryl C(sp2)H bond and addition/protonolysis of an alkene CC bond. This method is applicable to a wide range of 5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrroles and internal alkynes, and results in the assembly of the spiro[indene‐1,2′‐pyrrolidine] architectures in good yields with excellent regioselectivities.
Influence of chain length of diol on the swelling behavior of citric acid based pH sensitive polymeric hydrogels: A green approach
Authors: Franklin David S. , Guhanathan Selvam 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSynthesis of pH‐sensitive hydrogels of citric acid with varying diol units viz., 1,2 Ethane diol, 1,4 butane diol, and 1,6 hexane diol along with methacrylic acid towards the solventless green approach. The formations of the hydrogels were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. Thermal characterization (thermo gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry) and morphology of the synthesized hydrogels have been investigated. Swelling studies of hydrogels in various pH ranging from 4.0 to 10.0 have been investigated. The results of the swelling studies implied that percentage of swelling comparatively higher at neutral pH (7.4) than at acidic and alkaline pH. The inverse relationship was noticed, where ascending the diol units of hydrogel in swelling equilibrium. The hydrogels with the increasing chain length show a noticeable pH sensitivity and which could be considered as smart hydrogel. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41403.
Silver‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Aniline and Ene Carbonyl/Acetylenic Carbonyl Compounds: An Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Quinolines
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xu Xuefeng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn efficient silver‐mediated coupling of aniline with ene carbonyl/acetylenic carbonyl compounds for the synthesis of quinolines is reported. The transformation is effective for a broad range of substrates, thus enabling the expansion of substituent architectures on the heterocyclic framework. The electronic properties of the substituents on the amine have been investigated. It was found that molecules with both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents were suitable substrates for this transformation, and the expected products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The use of a single catalytic system to mediate chemical transformations in a synthetic operation is important for the development of new atom‐economic strategies and this strategy is efficient in building complex structures from simple starting materials in an environmentally benign fashion.