bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical associations of incidentally detected parotid gland calcification on CT
Authors: Buch Karen , Nadgir Rohini N. , Fujita Akifumi , Tannenbaum Andrew D. , Ozonoff Al , Sakai Osamu 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisParotid gland calcifications can be incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) and have been reported to be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Associations between parotid gland calcification and other common medical conditions have not been reported.MethodsFollowing institutional review board approval, 1,571 patients who underwent noncontrast head CT with 1.25‐mm slice thickness on a 64‐detector row CT between January 2011 and July 2011 were retrospectively reviewed for parotid gland calcifications. Medical records were reviewed for chronic kidney disease, alcoholism, autoimmune conditions, endocrine disorders, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) status. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression.ResultsSixty‐three of 1,571 (4%) patients had parotid gland calcifications. Significant associations were observed between parotid gland calcifications and HIV infection (P = 0.002), chronic kidney disease (P < 0.0001), alcoholism (P < 0.0001), elevated alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.003), and autoimmune disease (P = 0.02).ConclusionParotid gland calcifications were associated with HIV, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disease, and elevated alkaline phosphatase.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1360–1365, 2015
Progress in Sustainable Remediation
Authors: Bardos Paul 
Published: December 2014

In the past decade or so, management of historically contaminated land has largely been based on prevention of unacceptable risks to human health and the environment, to ensure a site is “fit for use” (i.e., achieves suitability for beneficial uses). More recently, interest has been shown in including sustainability as a decision‐making criterion. Sustainability concerns include the environmental, social, and economic consequences of risk‐management activities themselves, and also the opportunities for wider benefit beyond achieving risk‐reduction goals alone. This article provides a global roundup of progress by these initiatives and their key documentation. It reviews common themes and points of divergence. The information is based on a literature review and surveying the various networks involved, with a particular focus on recent developments in the United Kingdom. The global roundup updates a previous global roundup presented in Europe in 2013 at Aquaconsoil 2013 (Bardos et al., 2013a, 2013b). © 2014 Paul Bardos
PACAP38/PAC1 Signaling Induces Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Homing to Ischemic Brain
Authors: Lin Chen-Huan , Chiu Lian , Lee Hsu-Tung , Chiang Chun-Wei , Liu Shih-Ping , Hsu Yung-Hsiang , Lin Shinn-Zong , Hsu Chung Y. , Hsieh Chia-Hung , Shyu Woei-Cherng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnderstanding stem cell homing, which is governed by environmental signals from the surrounding niche, is important for developing effective stem cell-based repair strategies. The molecular mechanism by which the brain under ischemic stress recruits bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to the vascular niche remains poorly characterized. Here we report that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation upregulates pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 38 (PACAP38), which in turn activates PACAP type 1 receptor (PAC1) under hypoxia in vitro and cerebral ischemia in vivo. BMDCs homing to endothelial cells in the ischemic brain are mediated by HIF-1α activation of the PACAP38-PAC1 signaling cascade followed by upregulation of cellular prion protein and α6-integrin to enhance the ability of BMDCs to bind laminin in the vascular niche. Exogenous PACAP38 confers a similar effect in facilitating BMDCs homing into the ischemic brain, resulting in reduction of ischemic brain injury. These findings suggest a novel HIF-1α-activated PACAP38-PAC1 signaling process in initiating BMDCs homing into the ischemic brain for reducing brain injury and enhancing functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Stem Cells 2015;33:1153–1172
Concise Review: Cell Therapies for Hereditary Metabolic Liver Diseases—Concepts, Clinical Results, and Future Developments
Authors: Cantz Tobias , Sharma Amar Deep , Ott Michael 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The concept of cell-based therapies for inherited metabolic liver diseases has been introduced for now more than 40 years in animal experiments, but controlled clinical data in humans are still not available. In the era of dynamic developments in stem cell science, the “right” cell for transplantation is considered as an important key for successful treatment. Do we aim to transplant mature hepatocytes or do we consider the liver as a stem/progenitor-driven organ and replenish the diseased liver with genetically normal stem/progenitor cells? Although conflicting results from cell tracing and transplantation experiments have recently emerged about the existence and role of stem/progenitor cells in the liver, their overall contribution to parenchymal cell homeostasis and tissue repair is limited. Accordingly, engraftment and repopulation efficacies of extrahepatic and liver-derived stem/progenitor cell types are considered to be lower compared to mature hepatocytes. On the basis of these results, we will discuss the current clinical cell transplantation programs for inherited metabolic liver diseases and future developments in liver cell therapy. Stem Cells 2015;33:1055–1062
Genetic Counselors and Health Literacy: The Role of Genetic Counselors in Developing a Web‐Based Resource About the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Mann Sylvia , Mui Pauline , Boomsma Jennifer , Hasegawa Lianne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Western States Genetic Services Collaborative (WSGSC) recognized the need for clear and understandable information about the Affordable Care Act (ACA) for families throughout the life course. The genetic counselors working in the WSGSC developed, tested, and implemented a web resource (http://www.westernstatesgenetics.org/ACA_home.htm) to help families navigate information about the ACA tailored to their life situation. The training and experience of genetic counselors provide the skills needed to translate complicated information, like that of the ACA, into formats that the general public can comprehend. The website went public in October 2013, and it has been positively received. The development of this website is a good case study in how genetic counseling skills can be applied to public health education and improving health literacy.
Quasi-shadowing for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms
Authors: HU HUYI , ZHOU YUNHUA , ZHU YUJUN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism $f$ has the quasi-shadowing property if for any pseudo orbit $\{x_{k}\}_{k\in \mathbb{Z}}$, there is a sequence of points $\{y_{k}\}_{k\in \mathbb{Z}}$ tracing it in which $y_{k+1}$ is obtained from $f(y_{k})$ by a motion ${\it\tau}$ along the center direction. We show that any partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism has the quasi-shadowing property, and if $f$ has a $C^{1}$ center foliation then we can require ${\it\tau}$ to move the points along the center foliation. As applications, we show that any partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism is topologically quasi-stable under $C^{0}$-perturbation. When $f$ has a uniformly compact $C^{1}$ center foliation, we also give partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism versions of some theorems which hold for uniformly hyperbolic systems, such as the Anosov closing lemma, the cloud lemma and the spectral decomposition theorem.
Energy dispersion in turbulent jets. Part 2. A robust model for unsteady jets
Authors: Craske John , van Reeuwijk Maarten 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper we develop an integral model for an unsteady turbulent jet that incorporates longitudinal dispersion of two distinct types. The model accounts for the difference in the rate at which momentum and energy are advected (type I dispersion) and for the local deformation of velocity profiles that occurs in the vicinity of a sudden change in the momentum flux (type II dispersion). We adapt the description of dispersion in pipe flow by Taylor (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 219, 1953, pp. 186–203) to develop a dispersion closure for the longitudinal transportation of energy in unsteady jets. We compare our model’s predictions to results from direct numerical simulation and find a good agreement. The model described in this paper is robust and can be solved numerically using a simple central differencing scheme. Using the assumption that the longitudinal velocity profile in a jet has an approximately Gaussian form, we show that unsteady jets remain approximately straight-sided when their source area is fixed. Straight-sidedness provides an algebraic means of reducing the order of the governing equations and leads to a simple advection–dispersion relation. The physical process responsible for straight-sidedness is type I dispersion, which, in addition to determining the local response of the area of the jet, determines the growth rate of source perturbations. In this regard the Gaussian profile has the special feature of ensuring straight-sidedness and being insensitive to source perturbations. Profiles that are more peaked than the Gaussian profile attenuate perturbations and, following an increase (decrease) in the source momentum flux, lead to a local decrease (increase) in the area of the jet. Conversely, profiles that are flatter than the Gaussian amplify perturbations and lead to a local increase (decrease) in the area of the jet.
EMBEDDABILITY OF GENERALISED WREATH PRODUCTS
Authors: CAVE CHRIS , DREESEN DENNIS 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGiven two finitely generated groups that coarsely embed into a Hilbert space, it is known that their wreath product also embeds coarsely into a Hilbert space. We introduce a wreath product construction for general metric spaces $X,Y,Z$ and derive a condition, called the (${\it\delta}$-polynomial) path lifting property, such that coarse embeddability of $X,Y$ and $Z$ implies coarse embeddability of $X\wr _{Z}Y$. We also give bounds on the compression of $X\wr _{Z}Y$ in terms of ${\it\delta}$ and the compressions of $X,Y$ and $Z$.
CONTINUOUS ON RAYS SOLUTIONS OF A GOŁA̧B–SCHINZEL TYPE EQUATION
Authors: CHUDZIAK JACEK 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe show that if the pair $(f,g)$ of functions mapping a linear space $X$ over the field $\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}\text{ or }\mathbb{C}$ into $\mathbb{K}$ satisfies the composite equation $$\begin{eqnarray}f(x+g(x)y)=f(x)f(y)\quad \text{for }x,y\in X\end{eqnarray}$$ and $f$ is nonconstant, then the continuity on rays of $f$ implies the same property for $g$. Applying this result, we determine the solutions of the equation.
INEQUITY ISSUES AND MOTHERS' PREGNANCY, DELIVERY AND EARLY-AGE SURVIVAL EXPERIENCES IN ENDE DISTRICT, INDONESIA
Authors: PARDOSI JERICO FRANCISCUS , PARR NICK , MUHIDIN SALUT 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIndonesia's infant mortality rates are among the highest in South-East Asia, and there are substantial variations between its sub-national regions. This qualitative study aims to explore early mortality-related health service provision and gender inequity issues based on mothers' pregnancy, delivery and early-age survival experience in Ende district, Nusa Tenggara Timur province. Thirty-two mothers aged 18–45 years with at least one birth in the previous five years were interviewed in depth in May 2013. The results show most mothers have little knowledge about the danger signs for a child's illness. Mothers with early-age deaths generally did not know the cause of death. Very few mothers had received adequate information on maternal and child health during their antenatal and postnatal visits to the health facility. Some mothers expressed a preference for using a traditional birth attendant, because of their ready availability and the more extensive range of support services they provide, compared with local midwives. Unprofessional attitudes displayed by midwives were reported by several mothers. As elsewhere in Indonesia, the power of health decision-making lies with the husband. Policies aimed at elevating mothers' roles in health care decision-making are discussed as measures that would help to improve early-age survival outcomes. Widening the public health insurance distribution, especially among poorer mothers, and equalizing the geographical distribution of midwives and health facilities are recommended to tackle geographical inequities and to increase early-age survival in Ende district.
Effects of lignocaine on pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation during general anaesthesia in rigid suspension laryngoscopy
Authors: Kocamanoglu I S , Cengel Kurnaz S , Tur A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to compare the effects of topical and systemic lignocaine on the circulatory response to direct laryngoscopy performed under general anaesthesia.Methods:Ninety-nine patients over 20 years of age, with a physical status of I–II (classified according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists), were randomly allocated to 3 groups. One group received 5 ml of 0.9 per cent physiological saline intravenously, one group received 1.5 mg/kg lignocaine intravenously, and another group received seven puffs of 10 per cent lignocaine aerosol applied topically to the airway. Mean arterial pressures, heart rates and peripheral oxygen saturations were recorded, and changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate ratios were calculated.Results:Changes in the ratios of mean arterial pressure and heart rate were greater in the saline physiological group than the other groups at 1 minute after intubation. Changes in the ratios of mean arterial pressure (at the same time point) were greater in the topical lignocaine group than in the intravenous lignocaine group, but this finding was not statistically significant.Conclusion:Lignocaine limited the haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation during general anaesthesia in rigid suspension laryngoscopy.
Spatial and temporal changes in biomass, production and assemblage structure of mesozooplanktonic copepods in the tropical south-west Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Dias C.O. , Araujo A.V. , Vianna S.C. , Loureiro Fernandes L.F. , Paranhos R. , Suzuki M.S. , Bonecker S.L.C. 
Published: December 2014

We examined the spatial and temporal variations of coastal and oceanic epipelagic copepods (rainy–dry seasons of 2009) in a tropical area of the south-west Atlantic. Zooplankton samples were obtained at 48 stations along six transects perpendicular to the coast, in the subsurface water between the 25 and 3000 m isobaths, by horizontal hauls using a Multinet. Abundance (42–64,753 ind. m−3), biomass (0.08–113 mg C m−3) and daily copepod production (0.17–163.20 mg C m−3 d−1) showed longitudinal and latitudinal variability. The highest values were observed over the southern continental shelf during the dry season. Temoridae, Undinula vulgaris and Paracalanus quasimodo dominated the biomass and daily copepod production during the rainy season; while Calanoides carinatus, Calanopia americana, Clausocalanidae, Temoridae, Paracalanidae and Subeucalanidae dominated during the dry season. The copepod assemblages formed four different groups: rainy season–continental shelf (1), dry season–continental shelf (2), rainy season–continental slope (3) and dry season–continental slope (4). Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and suspended particulate matter explained 45% of the productivity distribution of the dominant copepod species. This study is the first attempt to examine the biomass and daily copepod production in oceanic waters in the south-west Atlantic Ocean, and it showed that copepod biomass and production in a tropical region can be relatively high compared with other regions of the world's oceans.
Nests, arcs and cycles in the lifespan of a studio project
Authors: Slater Mark 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMiddlewood Sessions produced a kind of popular music that infuses the timbral aesthetics of jazz and orchestral music with the driving rhythms of dance music. This studio project, lasting for almost eight years, provided a rich resource for gaining insight into the increasingly prevalent context of the domestic project studio via a longitudinal case study approach. At the heart of this research is the desire to understand how people collaborate as part of a studio project, how people use technologies to make music and how all of this unfolds over time. To tackle the question of how to understand the shattered, scattered nature of creative practices, and in extending existing creativity research, I propose three ways of thinking about time: nests, arcs and cycles. While explicating this theoretical framework, something of the specific and idiographic nature of the case study, as an example of contemporary music production, is recounted.
Perceptions and experiences of epilepsy among patients from black ethnic groups in South London
Authors: Sonecha Shaneil , Noble Adam J. , Morgan Myfanwy , Ridsdale Leone 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThe National Institute of Clinical Excellence suggested black ethnic minorities with epilepsy have different cultural, communicative and health-care needs. However, little is known about these despite increasing migration of black African and Caribbean people to Europe. This study aims to explore perceptions and experiences of epilepsy among black African and Caribbean people in South London.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were undertaken with 11 participants, to examine their beliefs and perceptions of living with epilepsy. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, codes generated and thematic analysis undertaken.ResultsAfrican participants described supernatural causes for epilepsy and experienced considerable stigma whereas Caribbean participants described epilepsy as a ‘normal illness’. However, both African and Caribbean participants experienced social restrictions arising from their epilepsy.ConclusionsThe findings of higher levels of perceived stigma and social restriction seen in African participants may be a continuation of beliefs reported in participants’ country of origin. There is also evidence that views regarding epilepsy transition through generations vary depending on place of birth.Practical ImplicationsHealth-care professionals need to be aware of and engage with the particular beliefs and concerns of black African and Caribbean people to achieve equity in health outcomes.
Dynamics in microbial communities: unraveling mechanisms to identify principles
Authors: Konopka Allan , Lindemann Stephen , Fredrickson Jim 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Diversity begets higher-order properties such as functional stability and robustness in microbial communities, but principles that inform conceptual (and eventually predictive) models of community dynamics are lacking. Recent work has shown that selection as well as dispersal and drift shape communities, but the mechanistic bases for assembly of communities and the forces that maintain their function in the face of environmental perturbation are not well understood. Conceptually, some interactions among community members could generate endogenous dynamics in composition, even in the absence of environmental changes. These endogenous dynamics are further perturbed by exogenous forcing factors to produce a richer network of community interactions and it is this ‘system’ that is the basis for higher-order community properties. Elucidation of principles that follow from this conceptual model requires identifying the mechanisms that (a) optimize diversity within a community and (b) impart community stability. The network of interactions between organisms can be an important element by providing a buffer against disturbance beyond the effect of functional redundancy, as alternative pathways with different combinations of microbes can be recruited to fulfill specific functions.
Control of membrane gaps by synaptotagmin-Ca2+ measured with a novel membrane distance ruler
Authors: Lin Chao-Chen , Seikowski Jan , Pérez-Lara Angel , Jahn Reinhard , Höbartner Claudia , Walla Peter Jomo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFast synchronous neurotransmitter release is triggered by calcium that activates synaptotagmin-1 (syt-1), resulting in fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Syt-1 possesses two Ca2+-binding C2 domains that tether membranes via interactions with anionic phospholipids. It is capable of crosslinking membranes and has recently been speculated to trigger fusion by decreasing the gap between them. As quantitative information on membrane gaps is key to understanding general cellular mechanisms, including the role of syt-1, we developed a fluorescence-lifetime based inter-membrane distance ruler using membrane-anchored DNAs of various lengths as calibration standards. Wild-type and mutant data provide evidence that full-length syt-1 indeed regulates membrane gaps: without Ca2+, syt-1 maintains membranes at distances of ~7–8 nm. Activation with 100 μM Ca2+decreases the distance to ~5 nm by binding the C2 domains to opposing membranes, respectively. These values reveal that activated syt-1 adjusts membrane distances to the level that promotes SNARE complex assembly.
PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 Is Involved in Arabidopsis Pollen Grain Germination
Authors: Leroux Christelle , Bouton Sophie , Kiefer-Meyer Marie-Christine , Fabrice Tohnyui Ndinyanka , Mareck Alain , Guénin Stéphanie , Fournet Françoise , Ringli Christoph , Pelloux Jérôme , Driouich Azeddine , Lerouge Patrice , Lehner Arnaud , Mollet Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Germination of pollen grains is a crucial step in plant reproduction. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. We investigated the role of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 (PME48), an enzyme implicated in the remodeling of pectins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen. A combination of functional genomics, gene expression, in vivo and in vitro pollen germination, immunolabeling, and biochemical analyses was used on wild-type and Atpme48 mutant plants. We showed that AtPME48 is specifically expressed in the male gametophyte and is the second most expressed PME in dry and imbibed pollen grains. Pollen grains from homozygous mutant lines displayed a significant delay in imbibition and germination in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, numerous pollen grains showed two tips emerging instead of one in the wild type. Immunolabeling and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the degree of methylesterification of the homogalacturonan was higher in pme48−/− pollen grains. In contrast, the PME activity was lower in pme48−/−, partly due to a reduction of PME48 activity revealed by zymogram. Interestingly, the wild-type phenotype was restored in pme48−/− with the optimum germination medium supplemented with 2.5 mm calcium chloride, suggesting that in the wild-type pollen, the weakly methylesterified homogalacturonan is a source of Ca2+ necessary for pollen germination. Although pollen-specific PMEs are traditionally associated with pollen tube elongation, this study provides strong evidence that PME48 impacts the mechanical properties of the intine wall during maturation of the pollen grain, which, in turn, influences pollen grain germination.