bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Just a Bunch of Agitators”: Kneel-Ins and the Desegregation of Southern Churches
Authors: Kosek Joseph Kip 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCivil rights protests at white churches, dubbed “kneel-ins,” laid bare the racial logic that structured Christianity in the American South. Scholars have investigated segregationist religion, but such studies tend to focus on biblical interpretation rather than religious practice. A series of kneel-ins at Atlanta's First Baptist Church, the largest Southern Baptist church in the Southeast, shows how religious activities and religious spaces became sites of intense racial conflict. Beginning in 1960, then more forcefully in 1963, African American students attempted to integrate First Baptist's sanctuary. When they were alternately barred from entering, shown to a basement auditorium, or carried out bodily, their efforts sparked a wide-ranging debate over racial politics and spiritual authenticity, a debate carried on both inside and outside the church. Segregationists tended to avoid a theological defense of Jim Crow, attacking instead the sincerity and comportment of their unwanted visitors. Yet while many church leaders were opposed to open seating, a vibrant student contingent favored it. Meanwhile, mass media—local, national, and international—shaped interpretations of the crisis and possibilities for resolving it. Roy McClain, the congregation's popular minister, attempted to navigate a middle course but faced criticism from all sides. The conflict came to a head when Ashton Jones, a white minister, was arrested, tried, and imprisoned for protesting outside the church. In the wake of the controversy, the members of First Baptist voted to end segregation in the sanctuary. This action brought formal desegregation—but little meaningful integration—to the congregation.
Antirevivalism and Its Discontents: Liberal Evangelicalism, the American City, and the Sunday School, 1900–1929
Authors: Bowman Matthew 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article examines the rise of antirevivalism among a certain strain of American evangelicals in the first years of the twentieth century. It argues that, influenced by the new discipline of psychology of religion and growing fear of the chaotic environment of the early twentieth-century city, these evangelicals found revivalist evangelicalism to be psychologically damaging and destructive of the process of Christian conversion. Instead, they conceived of a form of evangelicalism they called “liberal evangelicalism,” which repudiated the emotional and cathartic revivalist style of worship and, instead, insisted that evangelicalism could be rational, moderate, and targeted toward the cultivation of socially acceptable virtues. The venue they chose to pursue this form of evangelicalism was the Sunday school. Throughout the nineteenth century, liberal evangelicals feared, the Sunday school had emerged as a revival in miniature, one in which teachers were encouraged to exhort their students to come to cathartic, emotional conversion experiences— a strategy that had found its apotheosis in the “Decision Day,” a regular event in which students were subjected to emotional preaching and encouraged to confess their faith in Christ. Though the Decision Day was itself an evangelical attempt to deal with the transient nature of the city, liberal evangelicals began, in the early twentieth century, to redefine it in ways that would better facilitate the sort of gradual and developmental form of conversion in which they placed their faith. Leading the effort was George Albert Coe, a professor and Sunday school organizer who used his school to experiment with such reforms.
Integration of New Genes into Cellular Networks, and Their Structural Maturation
Authors: Abrusán György 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
It has been recently discovered that new genes can originate de novo from noncoding DNA, and several biological traits including expression or sequence composition form a continuum from noncoding sequences to conserved genes. In this article, using yeast genes I test whether the integration of new genes into cellular networks and their structural maturation shows such a continuum by analyzing their changes with gene age. I show that 1) The number of regulatory, protein–protein, and genetic interactions increases continuously with gene age, although with very different rates. New regulatory interactions emerge rapidly within a few million years, while the number of protein–protein and genetic interactions increases slowly, with a rate of 2–2.25 × 10−8/year and 4.8 × 10−8/year, respectively. 2) Gene essentiality evolves relatively quickly: the youngest essential genes appear in proto-genes ∼14 MY old. 3) In contrast to interactions, the secondary structure of proteins and their robustness to mutations indicate that new genes face a bottleneck in their evolution: proto-genes are characterized by high β-strand content, high aggregation propensity, and low robustness against mutations, while conserved genes are characterized by lower strand content and higher stability, most likely due to the higher probability of gene loss among young genes and accumulation of neutral mutations.
A Novel Intronic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Myosin heavy polypeptide 4 Gene Is Responsible for the Mini-Muscle Phenotype Characterized by Major Reduction in Hind-Limb Muscle Mass in Mice
Authors: Kelly Scott A , Bell Timothy A , Selitsky Sara R , Buus Ryan J , Hua Kunjie , Weinstock George M , Garland Theodore , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando , Pomp Daniel 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Replicated artificial selection for high levels of voluntary wheel running in an outbred strain of mice favored an autosomal recessive allele whose primary phenotypic effect is a 50% reduction in hind-limb muscle mass. Within the High Runner (HR) lines of mice, the numerous pleiotropic effects (e.g., larger hearts, reduced total body mass and fat mass, longer hind-limb bones) of this hypothesized adaptive allele include functional characteristics that facilitate high levels of voluntary wheel running (e.g., doubling of mass-specific muscle aerobic capacity, increased fatigue resistance of isolated muscles, longer hind-limb bones). Previously, we created a backcross population suitable for mapping the responsible locus. We phenotypically characterized the population and mapped the Minimsc locus to a 2.6-Mb interval on MMU11, a region containing ∼100 known or predicted genes. Here, we present a novel strategy to identify the genetic variant causing the mini-muscle phenotype. Using high-density genotyping and whole-genome sequencing of key backcross individuals and HR mice with and without the mini-muscle mutation, from both recent and historical generations of the HR lines, we show that a SNP representing a C-to-T transition located in a 709-bp intron between exons 11 and 12 of the Myosin heavy polypeptide 4 (Myh4) skeletal muscle gene (position 67,244,850 on MMU11; assembly, December 2011, GRCm38/mm10; ENSMUSG00000057003) is responsible for the mini-muscle phenotype, Myh4Minimsc. Using next-generation sequencing, our approach can be extended to identify causative mutations arising in mouse inbred lines and thus offers a great avenue to overcome one of the most challenging steps in quantitative genetics.
Under-Utilization of Controller Medications and Poor Follow-Up Rates Among Hospitalized Asthma Patients
Authors: Lintzenich Annie , Teufel Ronald J. , Basco William T. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
Recommended preventive care following an asthma admission includes prescribing controller medications and encouraging outpatient follow-up. We sought to determine (1) the proportion of patients who receive controller medications or attend follow-up after asthma admission and (2) what factors predict these outcomes.

Methods:
South Carolina Medicaid data from 2007-2009 were analyzed. Patients who were included were 2 to 18 years old, and had at least one admission for asthma. Variables examined were: age, gender, race, and rural location. Outcome variables were controller medication prescription and follow-up appointment. Any claim for an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or ICS/long-acting beta-agonist in the 2 months after admission was considered appropriate. Any outpatient visit for asthma in the 2 months after admission was considered appropriate. Bivariate analyses used chi-square tests. Logistic regression models identified factors that predict controller medications and follow-up.

Results:
Five hundred five patients were included, of whom 60% were male, 79% minority race/ethnicity, and 58% urban. Rates of receiving controller medications and attending follow-up appointments were low, and an even lower proportion received both. Overall, 52% received a controller medication, 49% attended follow-up, and 32% had both. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that patients not of minority race or ethnicity were more likely to receive controller medications (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.6).

Conclusions:
Patients with asthma admitted for acute exacerbations in South Carolina have low rates of controller medication initiation and follow-up attendance. Minority race/ethnicity patients are less likely to receive controller medications. To decrease rates of future exacerbations, inpatient providers must improve the rates of preventive care delivery in the acute care setting with a focus on racial/ethnic minority populations.
Improved Documentation and Care Planning With an Asthma-Specific History and Physical
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Sauers Hadley S. , Kahn Robert S. , Yau Connie , Weiser Jason , Simmons Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:The objective was to determine the effect of an electronic asthma-specific inpatient history and physical (H&P) template on documented history and improvements in care plans.Methods:This was a before-after comparison of history and care plan documentation following implementation of a new H&P template. The template was implemented in May 2011. A retrospective review of the electronic health record was completed for 304 consecutive patients (2–16 years of age) admitted for asthma June to September 2010 and 242 admitted June to September 2011. Elements reviewed included asthma severity classification, utilization history (previous oral steroids, emergency visits, hospitalizations, intensive care admissions, and intubations), and environmental history (exposure to cockroaches, rodents, and mold). Assessed changes in care plans included social work or asthma-related subspecialty consult and change in controller medications. Patients from 2011 were compared with those from 2010 by using t test and χ2 statistics with adjustment for confounders by use of logistic regression. Interrupted time-series analyses assessed variability in documentation over time.Results:In 2011, the new H&P template was used in 74% of encounters. Compared with patients seen preimplementation, documentation in those seen after implementation was more likely to include severity classification (71% vs 44%; P &lt; .0001), complete utilization history (73% vs 12%; P &lt; .0001), and environmental history (66% v. 2%; P &lt; .0001). Documentation became more consistent over time. Changes in care planning were also more common after implementation (63% vs 49%; P = .0006).Conclusions:A structured H&P template for asthma led to more complete and less variable documentation of important history and likely led to enhancements in care plans.
Preventing Dehydration-Related Hospitalizations: A Mixed-Methods Study of Parents, Inpatient Attendings, and Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Shanley Leticia , Mittal Vineeta , Flores Glenn 
Published: September 2013

Objective:The goal of this study was to identify the proportion of dehydration-related ambulatory care–sensitive condition hospitalizations, the reasons why these hospitalizations were preventable, and factors associated with preventability.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of primary care providers (PCPs), inpatient attending physicians, and parents was conducted in a consecutive series of children with ambulatory care–sensitive conditions admitted to an urban hospital over 14 months.Results:Eighty-five children were diagnosed with dehydration. Their mean age was 1.6 years; most had public (74%) or no (17%) insurance, and were nonwhite (91%). The proportion of hospitalizations assessed as preventable varied from 12% for agreement among all 3 sources to 45% for any source. Parents identified inadequate prevention (50%), poor self-education (34%), and poor quality of care (38%) as key factors. PCPs identified parents providing insufficient home rehydration (33%), not visiting the clinic (25%), and not calling earlier (16%) as reasons. Inpatient attending physicians cited home rehydration (40%), delays in seeking care (40%), and lacking a PCP (20%) as contributors. Physicians (PCPs and inpatient attending physicians) were more likely than parents to describe the admission as inappropriate (75% vs 67% vs 0%; P &lt; .01). Parental dissatisfaction with their child’s PCP and a history of avoiding primary care due to costs or insurance problems were associated with significantly higher odds of preventable hospitalization.Conclusions:Up to 45% of dehydration-related hospitalizations may be preventable. Inadequate parental education by physicians, insufficient home rehydration, deferring clinic visits, insurance and cost barriers, inappropriate admissions, poor quality of care, and parental dissatisfaction with PCPs are the reasons that these hospitalizations might have been prevented.
Subject and discipline-specific publication trends in South African medical research, 1996–2011
Authors: Pillay Tahir S. 
Published: September 2013

Medical and health sciences institutions and organisations are faced with challenges in resource allocation for research and publishing. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse South African publication trends in medicine to provide guidance for future strategic planning in academic medicine. We used the Scimago database spanning the years 1996–2011 to analyse South African publication outputs in a number of categories in medicine, as defined in the Scopus database. The data reveal a number of significant growth areas but also reveal areas that should potentially be growing but remain static. In some areas, growth has aligned with the expectations of health and disease trends, but other areas, in which growth would have been expected, have remained static. Interesting features are also revealed when the data are compared with those of other developed and developing countries. For 1996–2011, South African medical publication output ranked 33 in the world based on the number of publications, but 28 based on the h-index. Interestingly, whilst South Africa produced less than 25% of the output of India, the h-index for South Africa is 153 compared with 145 for India. South Africa’s medical publication output has steadily increased over the 14-year period but the number of citations per document has declined. This analysis provides a useful strategic overview for medical institutions and government funding organisations to guide the allocation of research budgets and resources in a discipline- or category-specific manner to influence research outputs.
Impact of solar irradiation on cholera toxin secretion by different strains of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Ssemakalu Cornelius C. , Woulter Le Roux , Pillay Michael 
Published: September 2013

Cholera toxin is the aetiological agent of cholera – a deadly waterborne disease acquired through the consumption of untreated water contaminated with CTXФ bacteriophage harbouring strains of V. cholerae. Solar disinfection is a re-emerging technique that relies on the ultraviolet component of sunlight to inactivate the growth of Vibrio cholerae in water, rendering the water microbiologically safe for consumption. However, studies have shown that DNA damaging agents, such as ultraviolet light, induce the replication of the CTXФ bacteriophage with subsequent expression of the cholera toxin. In this study we investigated the impact of solar irradiation on the secretion of cholera toxin by toxigenic strains of V. cholerae in water. The cholera toxin ELISA assay, qualitative and quantitative real-time PCR as well as growth on solid media were used to determine cholera toxin secretion, DNA integrity and growth of the bacteria after 7 h and 31 h of solar irradiation. Solar irradiation in water reduced the integrity of DNA, inactivated the growth of V. cholerae and, most importantly, prevented the secretion of detectable levels of cholera toxin. This finding is encouraging for resource-poor communities that may rely on solar disinfection to alleviate the burden of cholera-related fatalities.
Zone coulometry and ion-release analysis of degradable magnesium alloys
Authors: Schille Christine , Schweizer Ernst , Hort Norbert , Reichel Heinz-Peter , Geis-Gerstorfer Jürgen 
Published: September 2013

Zone coulometry and determination of ion release of an electrolyte from anodic polarization measurements are the established calculation modes for the electrochemical behavior of dental and biomedical alloys. The aim of the study was to compare the electrochemical corrosion behavior of six different experimental magnesium alloys without manganese using artificial plasma (AP) and in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS−) as simulated body fluids through anodic polarization measurements. In addition, determination of the magnesium release of the electrolytes was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and zone coulometry. Six specimens were prepared from each alloy. Anodic polarization measurements ranging from –150 mV ~Ecorrto –1200 mV were performed with both of the electrolytes. From each measurement, corrosion current density, the breakdown or pitting potential and its corresponding current density, zero potential, the polarization resistance, the corrosion rate were calculated. The magnesium release of the electrolytes was compared with the calculated values using Faraday’s law. For zone coulometry, five different trials were completed, and the electrical charge was calculated for each potential range of all magnesium alloys tested and for both electrolytes. Lower corrosion values were found in AP than in PBS−for all measurements. However, the rankings of the alloys are similar in both the electrolytes. Zone coulometry using small potential ranges and determination of ion release can be additional evaluation tools for magnesium alloys.
Influence of the extraction solvent on antioxidant activity of Althaea officinalis L. root extracts
Authors: Benbassat Niko , Yoncheva Krassimira , Hadjimitova Vera , Hristova Nadia , Konstantinov Spiro , Lambov Nikolai 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Althaea officinalis (Malvaceae) is a well-known plant that is widely distributed throughout the world. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from A. officinalis root are used mainly because of their antitussive and expectorant activity. It is well known that these activities are based on the polysaccharide composition, but little is known about the possible antioxidant activity of root extract. The present study evaluated antioxidant activity of root extracts prepared with different extraction solvents applying ABTS·+ (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), hypochlorous acid scavenging assay and iron-induced lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the extract prepared with water as extraction solvent did not possess antioxidant activity, whereas the extracts obtained using ethanol:water as extraction agent showed well pronounced antioxidant activity. In particular, the extracts obtained at low concentration of ethanol in the mixed solvent (50:50 and 70:30, v/v) showed higher scavenging activity for ABTS·+ radicals and hypochlorite ions than the extract obtained with the higher ethanol concentration (90:10, v/v). These results correlated very well with phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts. The extracts did not show cytotoxic effect on human BV-173 leukemic cells but may have immunomodulating effects due to their antioxidant properties.
The role of signals of different modalities in initiating vibratory communication in Nezara viridula
Authors: Zgonik Vera , Čokl Andrej 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Signals of different modalities are involved in the behaviour of the green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Pentatomidae, Heteroptera). Long range attraction is mediated by male pheromones, resulting in aggregation of bugs on the same plant where vibratory signals, vision and various chemical signals become important. Both males and females sing spontaneously. When both are on the plant, males start vibratory communication as often as females. Females induce the exchange of vibratory signals spontaneously or triggered by the male pheromone while males initiate the duet either spontaneously or after seeing the female. Males and females sing spontaneously and respond to signals of different modalities more often in the daylight than in the dark. Long lasting autonomous emission of the female calling song is present when triggered by the male pheromone and males respond to female calling predominantly by the emission of the courtship song.
Le vécu des enfants soldats. Cheminement psychique et transformations identitaires
Authors: Daxhelet Marie-Laure , Brunet Louis 
Published: September 2013

Afin de mieux comprendre les enjeux et les remaniements psychiques opérant chez des enfants qui ont fait la guerre, l’auteure principale a séjourné trois mois dans un centre de réinsertion pour enfants soldats à Bukavu en République démocratique du Congo. Les analyses, issues de 78 entrevues effectuées auprès de 22 enfants et d’un processus d’observation participante, montrent les conséquences de deux crises identitaires importantes : celle de l’adhésion à l’armée faite de déni et d’identification à l’agresseur et celle de la démobilisation nécessitant le réaménagement de ces identifications. Lors de leur expérience militaire, ces enfants ont dû effectuer une coupure avec leur passé et leur propre identité en idéalisant et s’identifiant à la position de militaire. Ce processus semble avoir permis aux enfants de « s’absenter » ou de nier des vécus angoissants et ainsi d’éviter le traumatisme. Lors de la démobilisation, l’identité de soldat s’estompe au profit d’un réinvestissement massif de leur passé.
Fonction réflexive parentale et trouble réactionnel de l'attachement : perspectives théoriques
Authors: Leroux Julien , Terradas Miguel M. 
Published: September 2013

La théorie de la fonction réflexive (FR), qui a pris de l’ampleur dans la littérature scientifique au cours des quinze dernières années, offre un cadre conceptuel pertinent au travail clinique avec les enfants souffrant du trouble réactionnel de l’attachement (TRA) et leurs parents. À travers une revue critique de la littérature scientifique sur le sujet, les rapports entre la FR et le TRA sont explorés et nuancés en lien avec les manifestions cliniques du trouble. Deux aspects des premières relations soignantes, soit la prévisibilité et la contingence, sont mis en avant comme ayant un impact déterminant sur le développement chez l’enfant d’une fonction réflexive non-défensive et d’un sentiment de sécurité dans la relation d’attachement parent-enfant. Chez la mère, la persistance des modes de fonctionnement réflexif pré-mentalisant – les modes équivalent et fictif – pourrait expliquer l’émergence chez l’enfant de certains ensembles de symptômes associés au TRA.