bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitrobiocompatibility analysis of novel nano‐biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds in different composition ratios
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehdi , Pripatnanont Prisana , Suttapreyasri Srisurang , Monmaturapoj Naruporn 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluatein vitrobiocompatibility of a composite of nanoscale biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and collagen (C) compared to pure BCP (P) in different composition ratios of nanohydroxyapatite to nano‐β‐tricalcium phosphate (HA/β‐TCP). Each study group comprised of three ratios of BCP (30/70, 40/60, and 50/50). For evaluation of cellular response toward each ratio, mouse osteoblast (MC3T3‐E1) cell line was cultivated on the scaffolds for 19 days. Analysis of cell proliferation, cell viability, cell attachment and morphology, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteocalcin synthesis were done on culture days 1, 3, 7, 13, 15, and 19, appropriately. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the osteoblasts attached successfully to scaffolds surfaces in both BCP groups and in all different ratios by spreading their filopodia and expressing similar viability that was confirmed by confocal laser scanning electron microscope. BCP scaffold (P3070) showed remarkable ALP activity, whereas BCP (P5050) showed highest osteocalcin activity. Collagen coating supported high cell proliferation on culture day 1 and possessed limited benefit restricted to early phase of cell differentiation. In conclusion, the fabricated nanoscale BCP scaffolds offered high biocompatibility and supported well the cell proliferation and differentiation regardless the composition ratio. Furthermore, higher ratio of TCP supported the early phase of cell proliferation, whereas higher HA ratio influenced the later phase. Finally, BCP scaffolds P5050 and C4060 were suggested as candidates for clinical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 52–61, 2014.
CuO‐CeO2 Nanocomposite: A Highly Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for the Green Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxooctahydroxanthenes in Water
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Mansournezhad Azam , Abbaszadeh Hossein 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCuO‐CeO2 nanocomposite is reported as a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for the green synthesis of 1,8‐dioxooctahydroxanthenes in water. This catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and recycled up to 8 consecutive runs without any losing of its efficiency.
Repeatability of Baseline Corticosterone and Acute Stress Responses to Capture, and Patterns of Reproductive Hormones in Vitellogenic and Non‐Vitellogenic Female Fijian Ground Frog (Platymantis vitiana)
Authors: Narayan Edward J. , Hero Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe survival of animal species and individuals is largely determined by their ability to express physiological stress responses to predictable and unpredictable environmental challenges. Currently, there is no empirical evidence presenting the stress endocrine responses of female frogs during breeding between different reproductive groups. In this study, non‐invasive urine sampling and standard capture and handling protocol were used to quantify baseline and short‐term corticosterone stress responses in vitellogenic and non‐vitellogenic female Fijian ground frog (Platymantis vitiana) during the annual breeding period. Urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites were also quantified in the same frog urine samples. Repeated sampling of the female frogs (n = 20) on three occasions enabled repeatability (r) of reproductive and stress hormones to be quantified. All female frogs generated urinary corticosterone responses to the standard capture and handling stressor. Both baseline and short‐term corticosterone responses were significantly higher in magnitude in the vitellogenic females in comparison to the non‐vitellogenic female frogs. Vitellogenic females also showed significantly higher levels of urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites in comparison to the non‐vitellogenic females. Baseline urinary corticosterone, short‐term corticosterone responses, urinary estrogen, and progesterone metabolites were highly repeatable for both female groups. The results highlight the importance of reproductive and stress hormones during the breeding period in female ground frogs. Future studies should determine the role of potential biological stressors (such as interactions with invasive species) that could be mediating the observed differences in stress endocrine responses of the vitellogenic and non‐vitellogenic female frogs. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 471–481, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The importance of mean and variance in predicting changes in temperature extremes
Authors: Parey Sylvie , Hoang Thi Thu Huong , Dacunha‐Castelle Didier 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe important role of the evolution of mean temperature in the changes of extremes has been recently documented in the literature, and variability is known to play a role in the occurrence of extremes, too. This paper aims at further investigating the role of their evolutions in the observed changes of temperature extremes. Analyses are based on temperature time series for Eurasia and the United States and concern absolute minima in winter and absolute maxima in summer of daily minimum and maximum temperatures. A test is designed to check whether the extremes of the residuals after accounting for a time‐varying mean and standard deviation can be considered stationary. This hypothesis is generally true for all extremes, seasons, and locations. Then, the comparison between the directly fitted parameters and the retrieved ones from those of the residuals compares favorably. Finally, a method is proposed to compute future return levels from the stationary return levels of the residuals and the projected mean and variance at the desired time horizon. Comparisons with return levels obtained through the extrapolation of significant linear trends identified in the parameters of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution show that the proposed method gives relevant results. It allows taking mean and/or variance trends into account in the estimation of extremes even though no significant trends in the GEV parameters can be identified. Moreover, the role of trends in variance cannot be neglected. Lastly, first results based on two CMIP5 climate models show that the identified link between mean and variance trends and trends in extremes is correctly reproduced by the models and is maintained in the future.
Summer high temperature extremes in Southeast China associated with the East Asian jet stream and circumglobal teleconnection
Authors: Wang Weiwen , Zhou Wen , Wang Xin , Fong Soi Kun , Leong Ka Cheng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHigh temperature extremes (HTEs) have received increasing attention due to their rising impacts on human mortality, regional economies, and ecosystems. In this study, HTEs are defined as days with daily maximum temperature above the 90th percentile derived from a specific climatological period. Occurrences of summer HTEs in Southeast China (south of 35°N and east of 105°E) associated with atmospheric anomalies are investigated. Two key domains in the upper level that are associated with HTE variation, the “exit” and the “tail” of the East Asian Jet Stream (EAJS), are identified. Poleward displacement of the exit is associated with warming tropospheric temperatures over East Asia and tends to be linked with high HTE frequency, while enhancement of the tail is associated with cooling tropospheric temperatures in the northern Pacific and tends to be linked with low HTE frequency. A possible reflection effect of the stratosphere on cool summers in Southeast China is proposed. Furthermore, these two domains are in essence two sectors of the phase‐locked circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern in the Northern Hemisphere. Linkages are found between HTEs in Southeast China and precipitation anomalies in the Indian summer monsoon region, and also in extratropical regions such as northeastern Europe. These teleconnections are set up through the CGT pattern associated with the westerly jet in the midlatitudes. These findings may be a source of variability and predictability of HTEs in Southeast China.
Pomegranate juice adulteration by addition of grape or peach juices
Authors: Nuncio‐Jáuregui Nallely , Calín‐Sánchez Ángel , Hernández Francisca , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPomegranate juice has gained a high reputation for its health properties and consequently is now a highly demanded product. However, owing to the limited production and high price of fresh pomegranates, adulteration of pomegranate juice seems to be happening. Hence it is imperative to establish criteria for detecting adulteration.RESULTSAddition of grape juice significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg and Fe and especially tartaric acid and proline and simultaneously decreased the content of K. Addition of peach juice up to 10% (v/v) only resulted in a significant increase in sucrose content. Regarding the volatile composition, adulteration of pomegranate juice with grape juice resulted in significant increases in acetic acid, isoamyl butyrate and especially 1‐hexanol and linalool, while adulteration with peach juice resulted in significant increases in butyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and especially isoamyl butyrate.CONCLUSIONThe control protocols used in this study can serve as a basis for identification of pomegranate juice adulteration. It is important to highlight that it is necessary to simultaneously analyze and have results from several parameters to conclude that a particular pomegranate juice has been adulterated by mixing with another fruit juice. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenolic composition and mouthfeel characteristics resulting from blending Chilean red wines
Authors: Cáceres‐Mella Alejandro , Peña‐Neira Álvaro , Avilés‐Gálvez Pamela , Medel‐Marabolí Marcela , del Barrio‐Galán Rubén , López‐Solís Remigio , Canals Joan Miquel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe blending of wine is a common practice in winemaking to improve certain characteristics that are appreciated by consumers. The use of some cultivars may contribute phenolic compounds that modify certain characteristics in blended wines, particularly those related to mouthfeel. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Carménère, Merlot and Cabernet Franc on the phenolic composition, proanthocyanidin profile and mouthfeel characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon blends.RESULTSSignificant differences in chemical composition were observed among the monovarietal wines. Separation using Sep‐Pak C18 cartridges revealed differences in the concentration but not in the proportion of various proanthocyanidins. Blending reduced polyphenol concentration differences among the various monovarietal wines. Although no major overall differences were observed after blending the monovarietal wines, this oenological practice produced clear differences in mouthfeel characteristics in such a way that the quality of the perceived astringency was different.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that the use of a particular wine variety (Cabernet Sauvignon) in a higher proportion in wine blending produced blends that were less differentiable from the monovarietal wine, owing to a suppression effect, producing an apparent standardization of the wines regarding chemical composition. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of D–A Copolymers Based on 11,12‐Difluorodibenzo[a,c]phenazine Acceptor Unit
Authors: Wang Kun , Jiang Pei , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Fu Qiang , Li Yongfang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFour conjugated D‐π‐A copolymers, P1–P4, based on 11,12‐difluorodibenzo[a,c]phenazine as an acceptor unit, benzodithiophene (BDT) with an alkoxy side chain (P1 and P2) or thiophene‐conjugated side chain (P3 and P4) as a donor unit, and thiophene π‐bridges, are designed and synthesized to investigate the effect of the side‐chain nature and position on the photovoltaic performance of the conjugated polymer donor materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs). It is found that the copolymers of P3 and P4 with thiophene conjugated side chains on the BDT unit demonstrate broader absorption and better photovoltaic performance than that of P1 and P2 with alkoxy side chains on the BDT unit. The photovoltaic performance of P1 and P3 with an alkyl side chain on the thiophene π‐bridge close to the acceptor unit is improved over that of P2 and P4 with an alkyl side chain on the thiophene π‐bridge close to the donor unit, due to the lower steric hindrance of P1 and P3. The results indicate that side‐chain engineering is very important for improving the photovoltaic performance of conjugated polymer donor materials.magnified image
Structural Evolution of Perpendicular Lamellae in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films during Solvent Vapor Treatment Investigated by Grazing‐Incidence Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Zhang Jianqi , Posselt Dorthe , Sepe Alessandro , Shen Xuhu , Perlich Jan , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Papadakis Christine M. 
Published: July 2013

The structural evolution in poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene) (P(S‐b‐B)) diblock copolymer thin films during solvent vapor treatment is investigated in situ using time‐resolved grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). Using incident angles above and below the polymer critical angle, structural changes near the film surface and in the entire film are distinguished. The swelling of the film is one‐dimensional along the normal of the substrate. During swelling, the initially perpendicular lamellae tilt within the film to be able to shrink. In contrast, at the film surface, the lamellae stay perpendicular, and eventually vanish at the expense of a thin PB wetting layer. During the subsequent drying, the perpendicular lamellae reappear at the surface, and finally, PS blocks protrude. By modeling, the time‐dependent height of the protrusions can be quantitatively extracted.
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The glial marker YKL‐40 is decreased in synucleinopathies
Authors: Olsson Bob , Constantinescu Radu , Holmberg Björn , Andreasen Niels , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicroglia are resident immunosurveillant cells in the central nervous system, and astrocytes are important for blood flow, plasticity, and neurotransmitter regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether astrocyte and microglial activation, estimated through markers in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, differed between synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and controls.MethodsWe analyzed the glial activation markers YKL‐40 and soluble CD14 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 37 controls, 50 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 79 P+ patients (those with progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and multiple system atrophy).ResultsCerebrospinal fluid levels of YKL‐40 were decreased significantly in patients who had PD compared with controls (P < 0.05), patients who had multiple system atrophy (P < 0.01), and patients who had tauopathies (P < 0.0001). In addition, cerebrospinal fluid levels of YKL‐40 were significantly lower in patients who had synucleinopathies than in those who had tauopathies (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of YKL‐40 suggest that glial activation is reduced in the brains of patients who have Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathies compared with patients who have tauopathies and controls. © 2013 International
Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Lamina propria: The functional center of the bladder?
Authors: Andersson Karl‐Erik , McCloskey Karen D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe bladder mucosa consists of the urothelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria (LP). Although the urothelium has been given much attention, it may be regarded as one part of a signaling system involving another equally important component of the bladder mucosa, namely, the LP. The LP lies between the basement membrane of the mucosa and the detrusor muscle and is composed of an extracellular matrix containing several types of cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, interstitial cells, and afferent and efferent nerve endings. In addition, the LP contains a rich vascular network, lymphatic vessels, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle fascicles (muscularis mucosae). The roles of the LP and its components in bladder function have not been definitively established, though it has been suggested to be the capacitance layer of the bladder, determining bladder compliance and enabling adaptive changes to increasing volumes. However, the bladder LP may also serve as a communication center, with an important integrative role in signal transduction to the central nervous system (nociception, mechanosensation). The LP may also, by means of its different components, make it possible for the urothelium to transmit information to other components of the bladder wall, contributing to activation of the detrusor muscle. In addition, the LP may serve as a source for production of factors influencing the growth of both the overlying urothelium and the underlying detrusor muscle. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:9–16, 2014. © 2013 The Authors. Neurourology and Urodynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single network adaptive critic aided dynamic inversion for optimal regulation and command tracking with online adaptation for enhanced robustness
Authors: Lakshmikanth Geethalakshmi S. , Padhi Radhakant , Watkins John M. , Steck James E. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYTo combine the advantages of both stability and optimality‐based designs, a single network adaptive critic (SNAC) aided nonlinear dynamic inversion approach is presented in this paper. Here, the gains of a dynamic inversion controller are selected in such a way that the resulting controller behaves very close to a pre‐synthesized SNAC controller in the output regulation sense. Because SNAC is based on optimal control theory, it makes the dynamic inversion controller operate nearly optimal. More important, it retains the two major benefits of dynamic inversion, namely (i) a closed‐form expression of the controller and (ii) easy scalability to command tracking applications without knowing the reference commands a priori. An extended architecture is also presented in this paper that adapts online to system modeling and inversion errors, as well as reduced control effectiveness, thereby leading to enhanced robustness. The strengths of this hybrid method of applying SNAC to optimize an nonlinear dynamic inversion controller is demonstrated by considering a benchmark problem in robotics, that is, a two‐link robotic manipulator system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DIFFERING OPINIONS DO NOT SPOIL FRIENDSHIPS: MANAGING PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN JORDAN
Authors: Mistarihi Ali , Hutchings Kate , Shacklock Arthur 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis research investigates the approaches, strategies and challenges facing the management of the implementation phase of public–private partnership (PPP) projects in Jordan. Jordan is a newer but common user of PPPs in the Middle Eastern region, where PPPs not only are of economic strategic importance but also entail significant investment risk given resource scarcity. This research involves semi‐structured interviews with senior managers representing different partnering organisations in two case study organisations in Jordan. The research finds that, despite the management difficulties confronting PPP managers, strategies adopted by them limit the impact of these challenges. The research makes an important theoretical contribution in providing a detailed analysis of effective PPP management approaches in response to difficulties at the implementation phase, which had not been systematically explored in extant PPP research, and broadens PPP research to the Jordanian context. Moreover, the research contributes greater understanding of how partnerships should be effectively managed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen‐rich culture conditions enhance the conidial infectivity and the quality of two strains of Isaria fumosorosea for potentially improved biocontrol processes
Authors: Miranda‐Hernández Francisco , Saucedo‐Castañeda Gerardo , Alatorre‐Rosas Raquel , Loera Octavio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn addition to high production levels of conidia, the success of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents depends both on their prevalence under the environmental conditions found in open fields (resistance to stress) and on the capacity of these conidia to infect pests. This study compares conidium production, infectivity and resistance to thermal and osmotic stress in two strains of Isaria fumosorosea (ARSEF 3302 and CNRCB1) grown either under a normal atmosphere (21% O2) or using enriched oxygen pulses (26% O2).RESULTSAfter 180 h, the ARSEF 3302 strain with 26% O2 pulses increased conidium production nearly fivefold compared with the normal atmosphere, while conidium production by the CNRCB1 strain decreased by 50% under O2 pulses, relative to the values measured with the normal atmosphere. The conidia obtained with 26% O2 pulses had a greater germination rate and resistance to thermal and osmotic stress, in addition to improved infectivity against Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) larvae. These findings were associated with an increase in catalase activities for both strains.CONCLUSIONAn enriched oxygen atmosphere increases the quality of conidia of both strains of I. fumosorosea, with a variable effect on conidium production. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
One decade of fully transparent oxide thin‐film transistors: fabrication, performance and stability
Authors: Frenzel Heiko , Lajn Alexander , Grundmann Marius 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe review the history of fully transparent oxide thin‐film transistors. Their performance and stability increased during the past ten years of their existence, thus enabling the design of novel applications in transparent electronics. However, certain disadvantages of the well established leading technology of metal–insulator–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MISFETs), adapted from the silicon‐based complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and thin‐film transistor technology, may be overcome by alternative transistor designs like metal–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MESFETs). We compare the stability of published transparent MISFET with our transparent MESFET (TMESFET) technology against bias stress, towards illumination, at elevated temperatures and long‐term stability.magnified imagePhotograph of a sample (10 × 10 mm2) with 88 TMESFETs. The inset depicts a scheme of one single TMESFET (G: gate, S: source, D: drain, M: channel mesa).(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)