bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age differences in treatment response to a collaborative care intervention for anxiety disorders
Authors: Wetherell Julie Loebach , Petkus Andrew J. , Thorp Steven R. , Stein Murray B. , Chavira Denise A. , Campbell-Sills Laura , Craske Michelle G. , Sherbourne Cathy , Bystritsky Alexander , Sullivan Greer , Roy-Byrne Peter 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundSome data suggest that older adults with anxiety disorders do not respond as well to treatment as do younger adults.AimsWe examined age differences in outcomes from the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) study, an effectiveness trial comparing usual care to a computer-assisted collaborative care intervention for primary care patients with panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and/or social anxiety disorder. This is the first study to examine the efficacy of a collaborative care intervention in a sample that included both younger and older adults with anxiety disorders. We hypothesised that older adults would show a poorer response to the intervention than younger adults.MethodWe examined findings for the overall sample, as well as within each diagnostic category (clinicaltrials.govidentifier: NCT00347269).ResultsThe CALM intervention was more effective than usual care among younger adults overall and for those with generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. Among older adults, the intervention was effective overall and for those with social anxiety disorder and PTSD but not for those with panic disorder or generalised anxiety disorder. The effects of the intervention also appeared to erode by the 18-month follow-up, and there were no significant effects on remission among the older adults.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with the findings of other investigators suggesting that medications and psychotherapy for anxiety disorders may not be as effective for older individuals as they are for younger people.
Very low force-generating ability and unusually high temperature-dependency in hummingbird flight muscle fibers
Authors: Reiser Peter J. , Welch Kenneth C. , Suarez Raul K. , Altshuler Douglas L. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryHummingbird flight muscle is estimated to have among the highest mass-specific power output among vertebrates, based on aerodynamic models. However, little is known about fundamental contractile properties of their remarkable flight muscles. We hypothesized that hummingbird pectoralis fibers generate relatively low force when activated in a tradeoff for high shortening speeds associated with the characteristic high wing beat frequencies that are required for sustained hovering. Our objective was to measure maximal force-generating ability (maximal force/cross-sectional area, Po/CSA) in single, skinned fibers from the pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles, which power the wing downstroke and upstroke, respectively, in hummingbirds (Calypte anna) and in another similarly-sized species, zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), which also has a very high wingbeat frequency during flight but does not perform a sustained hover. Mean Po/CSA in hummingbird pectoralis fibers was very low - 1.6, 6.1 and 12.2 kN/m2, at 10, 15 and 20oC, respectively. Po/CSA in finch pectoralis fibers was also very low (for both species, ~5% of the reported Po/CSA of chicken pectoralis fast fibers at 15oC). Force generated at 20oC/force generated at 10oC ('Q10-force' value) was very high for hummingbird and finch pectoralis fibers (mean = 15.3 and 11.5, respectively), compared to rat slow and fast fibers (1.8 and 1.9, respectively). Po/CSA in hummingbird leg fibers was much higher than in pectoralis fibers, at each temperature, and the mean Q10-force was much lower. Thus, hummingbird and finch pectoralis fibers have an extremely low force-generating ability, compared to other bird and mammalian limb fibers, and an extremely high temperature-dependence of force generation. The extrapolated maximum force-generating ability of hummingbird pectoralis fibers in vivo (~48 kN/m2) is, however, substantially higher than the estimated requirements for hovering flight of C. anna. The unusually low Po/CSA of hummingbird and zebra finch pectoralis fibers may reflect a constraint imposed by a need for extremely high contraction frequencies, especially during hummingbird hovering.
A SLC6 transporter of the novel B0,- system aids in absorption and detection of nutrient amino acids in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Metzler Ryan , Meleshkevitch Ella A. , Fox Jeffrey , Kim Hongkyun , Boudko Dmitri Y. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Nutrient Amino acid Transporters (NATs) of SoLute Carrier family 6 (SLC6) mediate uptake of essential amino acids in mammals and insects. Phylogenomic analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce) SLC6 family identifies 5 genes paralogous to an insect-specific NAT subfamily. Here we cloned and characterized the first representative of the identified nematode-specific transporters, SNF-5. SNF-5 mediates broad spectrum cation-coupled transport of neutral amino acids with submillimolar affinities and stoichiometry of 1AA:1Na+, except for 1L-Pro:2 Na+. Unexpectedly, it transports acidic L-Glu- and L-Asp- (AA -1:3Na+), revealing it to be the first member of a new B0,- system among characterized SLC6 transporters. This activity correlates with a unique positively charged His+ 377 in the substrate-binding pocket. snf-5 promoter-driven EGFP labels intestinal cells INT1-9 and three pairs of amphid sensory neurons: ASI, ADF, and ASK. These cells are intimately involved in control of dauer diapause, development, metabolism, and longevity. The snf-5 deletion mutants do not show apparent morphological disorders, but increase dauer formation while reducing dauer maintenance upon starvation. Overall, our studies characterized the first nematode-specific NAT and revealed important structural and functional aspects of this transporter. In addition to the predictable role in alimentary amino acid absorption, our results indicate possible neuronal roles of SNF-5 as an amino acid provider to specific neuronal functions, including sensing of amino acid availability.
Development of the navigational system in homing pigeons: increase in complexity of the navigational map
Authors: Schiffner Ingo , Wiltschko Roswitha 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe present study analyzes GPS-recorded tracks from pigeons of different age from 11 sites between 3.6 and 22.1 km from the home loft, which reveals changes in the navigational system as the birds grew older and became more experienced. The efficiency of juveniles in their 1st year of life, with only 0.27, was rather low, indicating that the young birds covered more than three times the direct distance home. In the second year, after a standard training program, the efficiency of the same birds increased up to 0.80 and was no longer different from that of older pigeons. The short-term correlation dimension, a variable that reflects the number of factors involved in the navigational process, also increased with age. In juveniles, it is markedly lower than in the other two groups, but even in yearlings, it is still significantly lower than that of old pigeons, indicating that the navigational map of the yearlings is developing further. Our results indicate that the map system, although functional in the first year of life, continues to be become more complex: - older pigeons seem to either consider more navigational factors than younger ones or at least weigh the same factors differently.
The Supervised Normalized Cut Method for Detecting, Classifying, and Identifying Special Nuclear Materials
Authors: Yang Yan T. , Fishbain Barak , Hochbaum Dorit S. , Norman Eric B. , Swanberg Erik 
Published: April 2013

The detection of illicit nuclear materials is a major tool in preventing and deterring nuclear terrorism. The detection task is extremely difficult because of physical limitations of nuclear radiation detectors, shielding by intervening cargo materials, and the presence of background noise. We aim at enhancing the capabilities of detectors with algorithmic methods specifically tailored for nuclear data. This paper describes a novel graph-theory-based methodology for this task. This research considers for the first time the utilization of supervised normalized cut (SNC) for data mining and classification of measurements obtained from plastic scintillation detectors that are of particularly low resolution. Specifically, the situation considered here is for when both energy spectra and the time dependence of such data are acquired. We present here a computational study, comparing the supervised normalized cut method with alternative classification methods based on support vector machine (SVM), specialized feature-reducing SVMs (i.e., 1-norm SVM, recursive feature elimination SVM, and Newton linear program SVM), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The study evaluates the performance of the suggested method in binary and multiple classification problems of nuclear data. The results demonstrate that the new approach is on par or superior in terms of accuracy and much better in computational complexity to SVM (with or without dimension or feature reduction) and LDA with principal components analysis as preprocessing. For binary and multiple classifications, the SNC method is more accurate, more robust, and is computationally more efficient by a factor of 2–80 than the SVM-based and LDA methods.
Crystal structure of [N'-(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazido]( methanol)dioxomolybdenum(VI), C15H13BrMoN2O6
Authors: Li Jing , Jia Xiao-Chuan , Zhao Zhuo , Zhang Bin , Yu Yan-Yan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C15H13BrMoN2O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.4143(3) Å, b = 18.7856(7) Å, c = 12.6319(5) Å, β = 104.463(1)°, V = 1703.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0262, wRref(F2) = 0.0680, T = 298 K.
Effect of mechanical activation on the crystallization and properties of iron-rich glass materials
Authors: García-Hernández Claudia M. , López-Cuevas Jorge , Rodríguez-Galicia José L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of mechanical activation (MA) of the precursor mixture of raw materials and/or the parent glass, on the microstructure and physical and mechanical properties of iron-rich glass-ceramic materials of the system SiO2-B2O3-BaO-Fe2O3, has been studied. MA of the materials is conducted for 0, 2 or 6h using a high energy attrition milling device. Crystallization treatments are given to the parent glass at 650, 750 or 850°C for 5h. Crystallization of the samples is promoted by increased treatment temperature, and especially also by double MA at 850°C. With increasing crystallization temperature, both the density and the compressive strength increase, while porosity decreases. However, at 850°C, prolonged MA decreases both the density and the compressive strength due to an increment in porosity caused by the growth of the BaFe12O19 crystals.
Effects of Austenitizing Temperature and Cooling Rate on the Phase Transformation Texture in Hot Rolled Steels
Authors: López N.M. , Salinas R A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe effects of austenitizing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructures and textures produced by phase transformations in high strength hot rolled Fe-C-Mn steel plates are investigated using orientation imagining microscopy. Samples machined from the plates are austenitized at temperatures between 820-950°C during 30 minutes and quenched in either iced-water, water or oil. Finally, the quenched samples are tempered at 450°C during 30 minutes. Characterization of microstructure and textures produced by these heat treatments was performed by conventional metallography using a reflected light microscope and orientation imaging microscopy using backscattered-electron diffraction patterns in a scanning electron microscope with thermo-ionic electron source.The results show that the microstructure and texture produced under a given combination of austenitizing temperature and cooling rate are strongly dependent on the mechanism involved in the phase transformation of the austenite (γ). High austenitizing temperatures and cooling rates promote martensitic transformation and development of textures containing significant volume fractions of Br, Cu, transformed-Cu and transformed-Br orientation components. In this case, the austenite and martensite phases are clearly related through the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship. In contrast, low temperatures and low cooling rates result in a complex mixture of transformation products, such as polygonal ferrite, Widmanstäten ferrite, martensite, bainite and pearlite. The textures formed under these conditions are quite different and contain significant volume fractions of cube, rotated-cube, Goss and rotated-Goss components, following the Bain orientation relationship.
Asymptomatic Pulmonary Congestion and Physical Functioning in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Enia Giuseppe , Torino Claudia , Panuccio Vincenzo , Tripepi Rocco , Postorino Maurizio , Aliotta Roberta , Bellantoni Marianna , Tripepi Giovanni , Mallamaci Francesca , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Poor physical performance is common in patients with kidney failure on dialysis (CKD-5D). Whether lung congestion, a predictable consequence of cardiomyopathy and fluid overload, may contribute to the low physical performance of CKD-5D patients has not been investigated in hemodialysis patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study investigated the relationship between the physical functioning scale of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form and a validated ultrasonographic measure of lung water in a multicenter survey of 270 hemodialysis patients studied between 2009 and 2010.

Results
Moderate to severe lung congestion by lung ultrasonography was observed in 156 (58%) patients; among these, 60 (38%) were asymptomatic (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class I). On univariate analysis, physical functioning was inversely associated with lung water in the whole group (r=−0.22; P<0.001) and in the subgroup of asymptomatic patients (r=−0.40; P=0.002). Age (r=−0.45; P<0.001) and past cardiovascular events (r=−0.22; P=0.002) were also inversely associated with physical functioning, whereas albumin (r=0.23; P<0.001) was directly associated with the same parameter. NYHA class correlated strongly with physical functioning (r=−0.52; P<0.001). In a multiple regression analysis, both NYHA class and lung water maintained an independent association with physical functioning, whereas albumin and background cardiovascular events failed to independently relate with the same outcome.

Conclusions
Symptomatic and asymptomatic lung congestion is associated with poor physical functioning in hemodialysis patients. This association is independent of NYHA, suggesting that this measurement and NYHA may have complementary value to explain the variability in physical performance in hemodialysis patients.
Comparison of Regulatory T Cells in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Controls
Authors: Afzali Behdad , Edozie Francis C. , Fazekasova Henrieta , Scottà Cristiano , Mitchell Peter J. , Canavan James B. , Kordasti Shahram Y. , Chana Prabhjoat S. , Ellis Richard , Lord Graham M. , John Susan , Hilton Rachel , Lechler Robert I. , Lombardi Giovanna 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Cell-based therapy with natural (CD4+CD25hiCD127lo) regulatory T cells to induce transplant tolerance is now technically feasible. However, regulatory T cells from hemodialysis patients awaiting transplantation may be functionally/numerically defective. Human regulatory T cells are also heterogeneous, and some are able to convert to proinflammatory Th17 cells. This study addresses the suitability of regulatory T cells from hemodialysis patients for cell-based therapy in preparation for the first clinical trials in renal transplant recipients (the ONE Study).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Healthy controls and age- and sex-matched hemodialysis patients without recent illness/autoimmune disease on established, complication-free hemodialysis for a minimum of 6 months were recruited. Circulating regulatory T cells were studied by flow cytometry to compare the regulatory T cell subpopulations. Regulatory T cells from members of each group were compared for suppressive function and plasticity (IL-17–producing capacity) before and after in vitro expansion with and without Rapamycin, using standard assays.

Results
Both groups had similar total regulatory T cells and subpopulations I and III. In each subpopulation, regulatory T cells expressed similar levels of the function-associated markers CD27, CD39, HLA-DR, and FOXP3. Hemodialysis regulatory T cells were less suppressive, expanded poorly compared with healthy control regulatory T cells, and produced IL-17 in the absence of Rapamycin. However, Rapamycin efficiently expanded hemodialysis regulatory T cells to a functional and stable cell product.

Conclusions
Rapamycin-based expansion protocols should enable clinical trials of cell-based immunotherapy for the induction of tolerance to renal allografts using hemodialysis regulatory T cells.
Skin Autofluorescence Reflects Integration of Past Long-Term Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sugisawa Eri , Miura Junnosuke , Iwamoto Yasuhiko , Uchigata Yasuko 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE
The aim was to investigate the relationships between skin autofluorescence (AF) and the impact of past glycemic control and microvascular complications in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Two hundred forty-one patients and 110 controls were enrolled. Advanced glycation end product accumulation was measured with AF reader. Three monthly HbA1c levels during the past 20 years were determined from medical records, and the HbA1c area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. We performed multivariate regression analyses to examine the associations between the severity of diabetes complications and various variables.

RESULTS
Skin AF values increased with increasing the severity of retinopathy (P &lt; 10−11, linear regression analysis) and nephropathy (P &lt; 10−5 for chronic kidney disease stage; P &lt; 10−5 for albuminuria-based stage). HbA1c AUC values over the past 15 years were significantly correlated with skin AF values (past 5 years: R = 0.35, P &lt; 0.0001; past 10 years: R = 0.36, P &lt; 0.0001; past 15 years: R = 0.55, P &lt; 0.0001; past 20 years: R = 0.22, P = 0.13). HbA1c AUC values over the past 3, 5, 10, and 15 years were significantly associated with the severity of both nephropathy and retinopathy. Multivariate analyses in which HbA1c AUC value was removed from the independent variables indicated that only skin AF was independently associated with nephropathy, whereas age at registration, age at onset of diabetes, and skin AF were independently associated with retinopathy.

CONCLUSIONS
Skin AF reflects past long-term glycemic control and may serve as a surrogate marker for the development of microvascular complications in place of HbA1c AUC value.
Clinical and Subclinical Macrovascular Disease as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Feinkohl Insa , Keller Marketa , Robertson Christine M. , Morling Joanne R. , Williamson Rachel M. , Nee Lisa D. , McLachlan Stela , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Russ Tom C. , Deary Ian J. , Strachan Mark W.J. , Price Jackie F. ,   on behalf of the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS) Investigators
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE
Macrovascular disease may contribute to increased risk of accelerated cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to determine associations of measures of macrovascular disease with cognitive change in a cognitively healthy older population with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight hundred thirty-one men and women (aged 60–75 years) attended two waves of the prospective Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS). At baseline, clinical and subclinical macrovascular disease was measured, including cardiovascular event history, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), ankle brachial index (ABI), and serum N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Seven neuropsychological tests were administered at baseline and after 4 years; scores were combined to a standardized general ability factor (g). Adjustment of follow-up g for baseline g assessed 4-year cognitive change. Adjustment for vocabulary (estimated premorbid ability) was used to estimate lifetime cognitive change.

RESULTS
Measures of cognitive decline were significantly associated with stroke, NT-proBNP, ABI, and cIMT, but not with nonstroke vascular events. The association of stroke with increased estimated lifetime cognitive decline (standardized β, −0.12) and of subclinical markers with actual 4-year decline (standardized β, −0.12, 0.12, and −0.15 for NT-proBNP, ABI, and cIMT, respectively) reached the Bonferroni-adjusted level of statistical significance (P &lt; 0.006). Results altered only slightly on adjustment for vascular risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
Stroke and subclinical markers of cardiac stress and generalized atherosclerosis are associated with cognitive decline in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Further investigation into the potential use of subclinical vascular disease markers in predicting cognitive decline is warranted.
Changes in Dynamic Plantar Pressure During Loaded Gait
Authors: Goffar Stephen L. , Reber Rett J. , Christiansen Bryan C. , Miller Robert B. , Naylor Jacob A. , Rodriguez Brittany M. , Walker Michael J. , Teyhen Deydre S. 
Published: April 2013

Background
Lower extremity overuse injuries are detrimental to military readiness. Extremes of arch height and heavy loads carried by military personnel are associated with increased risk for overuse injury. Little is known regarding the impact of load carriage on plantar pressure distributions during gait.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine how load carriage affects plantar pressure distributions during gait in individuals with varying arch types.

Design
A cross-sectional, repeated-measures design was used for the study.

Methods
The study was performed at a research laboratory at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Service members who were healthy and weighing ≥70 kg were enrolled in the study. The participants (97 men, 18 women; mean age=31.3 years, SD=5.6; mean weight=86.0 kg, SD=11.0) were categorized as having high-, normal-, or low-arched feet on the basis of published cutoff values for the arch height index. Plantar pressure measurements were obtained with the use of an in-shoe pressure measurement system while participants wore combat boots and walked on a treadmill under 3 loaded conditions (uniform, 20-kg load, and 40-kg load). Maximal force (MaxF) and force-time integral (FTI) were assessed with the use of a 9-sector mask to represent regions of the foot. A 3 × 3 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for analysis across the levels of load and arch type.

Results
A significant interaction existed between arch type and load for MaxF and FTI in the medial midfoot, with greater force in low-arched feet. In the medial forefoot, MaxF and FTI were greatest in high-arched feet across all load conditions. In the great toe region, low-arched and normally arched feet had greater MaxF and FTI. The relative distribution of FTI increased proportionately in all regions of the foot regardless of arch type for all load conditions.

Limitations
The influence of fatigue, greater loads, and different walking speeds was not assessed.

Conclusions
Regardless of arch type, increases in load did not alter the relative distribution of force over the plantar foot during gait. Participants with high-arched feet had greater force in the medial forefoot region, whereas those with normally arched or low-arched feet had greater force in the great toe region, regardless of load. These differences in force distribution may demonstrate different strategies to generate a rigid lever during toe-off.