bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Crowdsourcing Methodology for Developing a Knowledge Base of Related Problem-Medication Pairs
Authors: Wright A. , Krousel-Wood M. , Thomas E. J. , McCoy J. A. , Sittig D. F. , McCoy A. B. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackground: Clinical knowledge bases of problem-medication pairs are necessary for many informatics solutions that improve patient safety, such as clinical summarization. However, developing these knowledge bases can be challenging.Objective: We sought to validate a previously developed crowdsourcing approach for generating a knowledge base of problem-medication pairs in a large, non-university health care system with a widely used, commercially available electronic health record.Methods: We first retrieved medications and problems entered in the electronic health record by clinicians during routine care during a six month study period. Following the previously published approach, we calculated the link frequency and link ratio for each pair then identified a threshold cutoff for estimated problem-medication pair appropriateness through clinician review; problem-medication pairs meeting the threshold were included in the resulting knowledge base. We selected 50 medications and their gold standard indications to compare the resulting knowledge base to the pilot knowledge base developed previously and determine its recall and precision.Results: The resulting knowledge base contained 26,912 pairs, had a recall of 62.3% and a precision of 87.5%, and outperformed the pilot knowledge base containing 11,167 pairs from the previous study, which had a recall of 46.9% and a precision of 83.3%.Conclusions: We validated the crowdsourcing approach for generating a knowledge base of problem-medication pairs in a large non-university health care system with a widely used, commercially available electronic health record, indicating that the approach may be generalizable across health-care settings and clinical systems. Further research is necessary to better evaluate the knowledge, to compare crowdsourcing with other approaches, and to evaluate if incorporating the knowledge into electronic health records improves patient outcomes.Citation: McCoy AB, Wright A, Krousel-Wood M, Thomas EJ, McCoy JA, Sittig DF. Validation of a crowdsourcing methodology for developing a knowledge base of related problem-medication pairs. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 334–344http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2015-01-RA-0010
Patient Preferences in Selecting a Dentist: Survey Results from the Urban Population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sukumaran Anil , Vellappally Sajith , Huraib Sahar Bin , Nahas Nadia Al , Al-Balbeesi Hana O , Abu-Aljadayl Faida Moawia 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Awareness of gender- or nationality-driven preconceptions can help dentists to have a better interpretation of the dentist-patient relationship. It is even more noteworthy to understand these predilections in Saudi society, where women and men are usually segregated due to religion- and culturebased considerations. This study is one of the first to explore the preferences of patients when selecting a dentist with respect to gender and nationality in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods
A total of 445 community residents residing in Riyadh were randomly selected for a cross-sectional study. The participants completed a survey designed to assess which of two factors (gender and/or nationality) were perceived as most relevant in choosing a dentist. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 11.5 software.

Results
Female participants did not show any preference for the gender of the dentist, whereas 40% of the male participants preferred a male dentist. Participants also favored male dentists in the fields of oral surgery (78.9%), implants (74.1%), endodontics (67.5%), orthodontics (65.8%) and prosthodontics (64.2%). An exception was noted in pediatric dentistry, for which female dentists were favored by 52.8% of the participants. Additionally, most (66.1%) participants did not have any preference for the nationality of the dentist.

Conclusion
Riyadh residents showed a general preference for a male dentist but demonstrated no preference for nationality when selecting a dentist.

How to cite this article
Huraib SB, Al Nahas N, Al-Balbeesi HO, Abu-Aljadayl FM, Vellappally S, Sukumaran A. Patient Preferences in Selecting a Dentist: Survey Results from the Urban Population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3): 201-204.
Mandibular Coronoid Fractures, How Rare?
Authors: Kale Tejraj Pundalik , Kotrashetti SM , Lingaraj JB , Aggarwal Vipin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
To study the rarity of mandibular coronoid process fractures and treatment strategies based on the displacement of these fractures.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study of 11 cases of coronoid process fractures among 307 treated cases from 2008 to 2013 was conducted. Six patients were treated conservatively and 5 underwent ORIF with associated fractures. A statistical analysis of the data obtained after subjective and objective evaluation was done.

Results
The incidence of coronoid process fractures was 3.58% of all mandibular fractures analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference found between two treatment modalities, but differences in maximum interincisal opening (MIO) and pain in the postoperative period were significant.

Conclusion
We recommend that linear coronoid fractures with minimal displacement can be managed with conservative treatment. For patients with significant displacement of coronoid process, limited mouth opening or concomitant mid-face or lower-face fractures, rigid internal fixation is recommended.

How to cite this article
Kale TP, Aggarwal V, Kotrashetti SM, Lingaraj JB, Singh A. Mandibular Coronoid Fractures, How Rare? J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):222-226.
Occurrence of Domestic Violence among Women and its Impact on Oral Health in Jodhpur City
Authors: Thomas Susan , Pewa Preksha , Dagli Rushabh , Solanki Jitendra , Arora Geetika , Garla Bharath 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
This study had a two objectives to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and to know the impact of the same on the oral health.

Materials and methods
An observational cross-sectional study was done in Jodhpur, Rajasthan; among 150 married women of 18 to 60 years of age using a predesigned pretested proforma from 18th January 2014 to 27th February 2014. Pretested semistructured open-ended questionnaire used for collecting the data from the study subjects. Pearson's Chisquare test and p-value were used to calculated the occurrence and impact of domestic violence on oral health among women.

Results
The most common form of domestic violence found was physical abuse (54.7%) followed by emotional abuse (20.0%) and financial abuse (14.0%). The most important risk factor was alcoholism followed by literacy status and having a girl child. Study shows that physical abuse is more in graduate than lower level of educational females. Females living in urban area show highest frequency of physical abuse than those living in rural area. Injury to the face were highly reported (38.7%) followed by injury to lip (13.3%) and nose fracture/bleeding nose (9.3%).

Conclusion
Government has to take stringent action to prevent domestic violence by making women more self-reliant especially by making women more literate and more financially independent.

How to cite this article
Pewa P, Thomas S, Dagli R, Solanki J, Arora G, Garla B. Occurrence of Domestic Violence among Women and its Impact on Oral Health in Jodhpur City. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):227-233.
Comparative Evaluation and Correlation of Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Salivary pH in Caries-free and Severe Early Childhood Caries Children
Authors: Nankar Meenakshi , Walimbe Hrishikesh , Bijle Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed , Muchandi Sneha , Chaturvedi Srishti , Karekar Priyanka 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Dental caries is a major problem in preschool children. The contribution of saliva in providing defense during caries process is of primary importance. pH buffer capacity through bicarbonate, phosphate and protein buffer systems have universal acceptance as a caries defense mechanism. Antioxidant capacity of saliva can constitute a first line of defense against chronic degenerative diseases including dental caries. Till date, no study is presented with salivary antioxidant capacity of younger children affected with severe early childhood caries with its salivary pH correlation. Hence, this study was carried out to compare, evaluate and correlate the salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and salivary pH of children with caries-free and severe early childhood caries.

Materials and methods
Fifty children from ages 3 to 5 years divided into two study groups had undergone screening. Group I (n = 25) with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and group II (n = 25) who were caries free. Unstimulated whole saliva of subjects were in the collection during the study by draining method. Salivary pH determination of saliva samples was done using pH indicator paper strips. The TAC was done using an antioxidant assay with the help of a spectrophotometer at wavelength 532 nm. The means of salivary pH and TAC were subjected to analysis using unpaired student ‘t’ test and correlation was determined using Pearsons correlation coefficient analysis.

Results
Mean salivary pH was higher in group II (7.46 ± 0.37). Mean TAC was greater in group I (1.82 ± 0.19). A statistically significant negative correlation as seen between TAC and salivary pH in S-ECC patients.

Conclusion
The study concludes that salivary TAC increases in patients with S-ECC are by that showing a high indirect relationship with salivary pH.

How to cite this article
Muchandi S, Walimbe H, Bijle MNA, Nankar M, Chaturvedi S, Karekar P. Comparative Evaluation and Correlation of Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Salivary pH in Caries-free and Severe Early Childhood Caries Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):234-237.
Motherhood and the Machine
Authors: Nikolchina Miglena 
Published: May 2015

In her conceptualization of the human as defined by the capacity for revolt Kristeva unavoidably touches upon issues of robotization, technology, and the virtual. The concepts of animal and machine, however, although they do appear occasionally and in important ways, are never at the focus of her inquiries and are absent in her “New Forms of Revolt.” Yet these two concepts to a large extent define the field of contemporary philosophical debates of the human giving rise to three major theoretical orientations. On the one hand, there is the trend which tries to come to terms with technological novelties and the merging of human and machine that they imply. This trend unfolds under the rubric of “transhuman” or “posthuman” and of the “enhancement” of man. The second trend predominates in animal studies. Mostly in an ethical perspective but also ontologically, this trend, to which Derrida’s later writing made a significant contribution, questions the idea of the “human exception” and the rigorous distinction between man and animal on which this exception rests. While apparently antagonistic, both trends align the human with the animal and oppose it to technology. The third trend collapses the distinctions on which the previous two rely through the lens of biopolitics: drawing on Heidegger, Kojève, and Foucault, it regards contemporary technological transformations as amounting to the animalization of man. The human disappears in the animal, in the machine, or in the indistinguishability of the two, confirming what Agamben has described as the inoperativeness of the anthropological machine. The present text turns to Kristeva’s conceptions of motherhood and revolt as introducing a powerful inflection in this tripartite field. Remarkably, it is precisely new sagas of rebellious machines like Battlestar “Galactica” that foreground the relevance of Kristeva’s approach.
Burgercoöperaties. Speler of speelbal in de nieuwe verhoudingen tussen overheid, markt en samenleving
Authors: Bokhorst Meike , Edelenbos Jurian , Koppenjan Joop , Oude Vrielink Mirjan 
Published: May 2015

Citizen collectives. Player or plaything in the innovative relationship between government, market and society
In the Netherlands citizens increasingly unite in cooperatives to realize common facilities and services in their neighborhood themselves. Apparently neither markets nor governments succeed in providing all the public goods and services that citizens strive for. Although these forms of self-organization are still young and their success is far from sure, they are seen as sources of social innovation and new ways of organizing that inspire many. Their example is followed widely: cooperatives seem to be rapidly emerging almost everywhere. Yet not much systemic knowledge is available on their nature, drivers, and impacts, nor on the conditions under which they flourish. In this special issue the state of the art regarding these cooperatives is examined in the areas of energy, care, broadband connections and housing. The various contributions show that the main challenge that cooperatives have to deal with is finding the balance between the ambition to preserve their identity as grass root organizations and the need for professionalization. Also they have to learn to build and maintain relationships with other organizations and actors in their environment on which they are dependent: governments, private parties and professionals.
Lokale energiecoöperaties: nieuwe spelers in de energie
Authors: Elzenga Hans , Schwencke Anne Marieke 
Published: May 2015

Local energy cooperatives: new players in the energy sector
Currently, in the Netherlands there are about 150 energy co-operatives are actively working on the promotion of energy use reduction and renewable energy production. Among them are 15 experienced wind energy co-operatives that started almost 25 years ago, but the majority started in 2007 or later. Their aim is to mobilize investments in local renewable energy and social projects, and to use the revenues to enhance the local economy and social cohesion. The members of the co-operative become co-owners of the production units and collectively decide about the allocation of the revenues for new energy projects.In practice, new, inexperienced co-operatives in particular have difficulties realizing larger projects like wind turbines and solar parks. Fierce resistance from the local community is hampering wind projects, while limited financial support (i.e. subsidies) is the main obstacle for the realization of solar parks. In our view, it would help Dutch co-operatives if local politicians were to take a clear position on wind energy and act accordingly, and if the Dutch government were to broaden the financial support schemes for cooperatively owned and financed solar parks.
De koers van zorgcoöperaties
Authors: Bokhorst Meike 
Published: May 2015

The development pathway of cooperatives in care: Collaboration without becoming the showpiece or the work horse of the participation society
Healthcare cooperatives are not only attractive to citizens, but they also seen by managers as a source of inspiration and as a means to provide care efficiently. This raises the question of how health cooperatives evolve and which relationship with governments is appropriate for them. The aim of this article is examine the state of the art regarding the rise and development of health cooperatives. This development depends on the degree to which health cooperatives are able to overcome cultural, legal and financial obstacles. Health cooperatives seems to be more promising and stable if they succeed in determining their own course, show that they can realize their aims themselves and while learning to work together with others.
De default settings van de participatiesamenleving
Authors: Uitermark Justus 
Published: May 2015

The default settings of the participation society
This contribution argues that self-organization is uneven: it emerges more in certain groups, sectors and geographical areas than in others. While the number of cooperatives has increased, their overall impact remains rather limited. Although the government rhetorically embraces cooperatives, in practices it is often hesitant or reluctant to lend support. Politicians are often ‘on a mission’ to promote startup companies and to obtain contracts or competitive advantages for large corporations. What if cooperatives would receive the same kind of support?
ZBO-evaluaties: verplicht, verzuimd, en veronachtzaamd?
Authors: van Thiel Sandra , Soetekouw Stefan , Dresmé Martijn , van Goch Peter 
Published: May 2015

ZBO evaluations: obligatory, omitted, and overlooked?
This article describes our knowledge on the performance of ZBOs (a type of quangos), based on annual reports and official evaluations. We find that evaluations are not done very often even though they are required by law. The content and quality of evaluation reports do not always facilitate the drawing of clear conclusions. Evaluations and annual reports depict a modestly positive picture of ZBO performance, and a negative image of the relationship between ZBOs and their parent departments. Evaluation reports are only occasionally used in political debates and decision making on ZBOs. That raises the question of why politicians have so little interest in ZBO performance and its evaluations, all the more so because expectations regarding ZBO performance were very high at the time when these organizations were established.
Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV‐positive patients in Spain: epidemiology and environmental risk factors
Authors: Alvaro‐Meca Alejandro , Palomares‐Sancho Ines , Diaz Asuncion , Resino Rosa , De Miguel Angel Gil , Resino Salvador 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionSpecific environmental factors may play a role in the development of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV‐positive patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the PCP incidence and mortality in hospitalized HIV‐positive patients in Spain during the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era (1997 to 2011), as well as to analyze the climatological factors and air pollution levels in relation to hospital admissions and deaths.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study. Data were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Database and the State Meteorological Agency of Spain. A case‐crossover analysis was applied to identify environmental risk factors related to hospitalizations and deaths. For each patient, climatic factors and pollution levels were assigned based on readings from the nearest meteorological station to his or her postal code.ResultsThere were 13,139 new PCP diagnoses and 1754 deaths in hospitalized HIV‐positive patients from 1997 to 2011. The PCP incidence (events per 1000 person‐years) dropped from 11.6 in 1997 to 2000, to 5.4 in 2004 to 2011 (p<0.001). The mortality (events per 10,000 person‐years) also decreased from 14.3 in 1997 to 2000, to 7.5 in 2004 to 2011 (p<0.001). Most hospital admissions and deaths occurred in the winter season and the fewest occurred in the summer, overlapping respectively with the lowest and highest temperatures of the year in Spain. Moreover, lower temperatures prior to PCP admission, as well as higher concentrations of NO2 and particulate matter up to 10 m in size (PM10) at the time of admission were associated with higher likelihoods of hospital admission due to PCP when two weeks, one month, 1.5 months or two months were used as controls (p<0.01). Furthermore, higher concentrations of ozone at one month (p=0.007), 1.5 months (p<0.001) and two months (p=0.006) prior to admission were associated with higher likelihoods of hospital admission with PCP. For PCP‐related deaths, lower temperatures prior to admission and higher concentrations of atmospheric PM10 at the time of admission were related to higher likelihood of death when two weeks, one month and 1.5 months were used as controls (p<0.05).ConclusionsPCP was a significant health problem in the cART era (1997 to 2011), and PCP epidemiology was adversely influenced by colder climatological factors and higher ambient air pollution levels.
Physician Satisfaction and Physician Well-Being: Should Anyone Care?
Authors: Casalino Lawrence P. , Crosson Francis J. 
Published: May 2015

We present a model of hypothesized relationships between physician satisfaction, physician well-being and the quality of care, in addition to a review of relevant literature. The model suggests that physicians who are stressed, burned out, depressed, and/or have poor self-care are more likely to be dissatisfied, and vice-versa. Both poor physician well-being and physician dissatisfaction are hypothesized to lead to diminished physician concentration, effort, empathy, and professionalism. This results in misdiagnoses and other medical errors, a higher rate of inappropriate referrals and prescriptions, lower patient satisfaction and adherence to physician recommendations, and worse physician performance in areas not observed by others. Research to date largely supports the model, but high quality studies are few. Research should include studies that are prospective, larger, and have a stronger analytic design, ideally including difference in differences analyses comparing quality of care for patients of physicians who become dissatisfied to those who remain satisfied, and vice versa.
Keywords: physician satisfaction, physician dissatisfaction, quality of care, physician well-being, physician burnout
New model for capturing the variations of fertilizer‐induced emission factors of N2O
Authors: Zhou Feng , Shang Ziyin , Zeng Zhenzhong , Piao Shilong , Ciais Philippe , Raymond Peter A. , Wang Xuhui , Wang Rong , Chen Minpeng , Yang Changliang , Tao Shu , Zhao Yue , Meng Qian , Gao Shuoshuo , Mao Qi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that N2O emission factors (EFs) vary with nitrogen additions and environmental variations. Yet the impact of the latter was often ignored by previous EF determinations. We developed piecewise statistical models (PMs) to explain how the N2O EFs in agricultural soils depend upon various predictors such as climate, soil attributes, and agricultural management. The PMs are derived from a new Bayesian Recursive Regression Tree algorithm. The PMs were applied to the case of EFs from agricultural soils in China, a country where large EF spatial gradients prevail. The results indicate substantial improvements of the PMs compared with other EF determinations. First, PMs are able to reproduce a larger fraction of the variability of observed EFs for upland grain crops (84%, n = 381) and paddy rice (91%, n = 161) as well as the ratio of EFs to nitrogen application rates (73%, n = 96). The superior predictive accuracy of PMs is further confirmed by evaluating their predictions against independent EF measurements (n = 285) from outside China. Results show that the PMs calibrated using Chinese data can explain 75% of the variance. Hence, the PMs could be reliable for upscaling of N2O EFs and fluxes for regions that have a phase space of predictors similar to China. Results from the validated models also suggest that climatic factors regulate the heterogeneity of EFs in China, explaining 69% and 85% of their variations for upland grain crops and paddy rice, respectively. The corresponding N2O EFs in 2008 are 0.84 ± 0.18% (as N2O‐N emissions divided by the total N input) for upland grain crops and 0.65 ± 0.14% for paddy rice, the latter being twice as large as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 defaults. Based upon these new estimates of EFs, we infer that only 22% of current arable land could achieve a potential reduction of N2O emission of 50%.