bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covenantal Ethics
Authors: Ochs Peter 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
When Eugene Borowitz's renews his community's Jewish covenant, he also illustrates a generalizable model of what I label “Covenantal Ethics.” The model has three features: (a) community-specific covenantal ethics: an account of the network of values that characterize some historically situated Jewish community; (b) the “neutral” space of modern public life: an account of how this community is both strengthened and weakened by the way it adapts to dominant features of its Western social environment; and (c) reparative covenantal ethics: suggestions for how the community might renew its Jewish covenant: uncovering Jewish sources of the community's strengths and enlisting them as resources for repairing its weaknesses.
Choosing a Sex Ethic, Then and Now
Authors: Teutsch David A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Choosing a Sex Ethic is an important volume in the history of Jewish ethics. It has particular value for the effort to address issues of concern to Jews in language they can understand and with an approach that makes sense to those who do not consider themselves bound by halakha. The issues raised by the book's limits are highly instructive to those who are interested in constructive ethics.
Authority and Liberty: John Wesley's View of Medieval England
Authors: Smith Thomas W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article is the first detailed analysis of John Wesley's view of medieval England in his neglected Concise History of England (1776). Although tangled and sometimes contradictory, Wesley's views on medieval royal and ecclesiastical authority, representative government and liberty, were broadly coherent in their emphasis on the necessity of the monarchy to the preservation of freedom, and the requirement that popular uprisings be grounded in a just cause and not conducted against the king. It is argued that Wesley's views expressed in the History help to explain his rapid, and supposedly unexpected, shift in political views in 1775 from supporting the American rebellion to opposing it.
Secession and Revival: Louth Free Methodist Church in the 1850s
Authors: Bebbington D. W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
At Louth in Lincolnshire there emerged in the 1850s a Free Methodist Church. Wesleyans had been hugely successful in the area, but there was internal opposition to Methodist Conference policies. The corn merchant J. B. Sharpley led a secession from Wesleyanism, contributing ideas about the rights of lay leaders. The new denomination gathered support from tradesmen and shopkeepers, and made efforts to recruit waverers. Its members became keen on entire sanctification and turned ardently to revivalism, but eventually, in 1859, the difficulty of securing ministers dictated merger with the United Methodist Free Churches.
The Design of Nineteenth-Century Wesleyan Space Re-reading F. J. Jobson's Chapel and School Architecture
Authors: Mason Ruth 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
F. J. Jobson's Chapel and School Architecture as Appropriate to the Buildings of Nonconformists (1850) has conventionally been used to demonstrate the architectural patterns of nineteenth-century Wesleyan chapels. However, this emphasis has overlooked elements of its recommendations and motivations. This article proposes an alternative approach. Positioning Jobson's text within theories of space, it challenges the conventional importance given to his physical recommendations by discussing how the function and users of Wesleyan spaces also influenced his designs. Examining Jobson's designs for Sunday schools and vestries in addition to chapels, this article considers the relationship between Wesleyan theology and Jobson's proposed designs.
Evangelical Dissentients and the Defeat of the Anglican-Methodist Unity Scheme
Authors: Atherstone Andrew 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
During the ecumenical heyday of the 1960s and early 1970s, evangelicals within Methodism and Anglicanism played a major part in helping to defeat the proposed Anglican-Methodist reunion scheme. This article examines the rhetoric of two groups of dissentients, one from each denomination—the Voice of Methodism, and the Calvinist circle around Anglican theologian J. I. Packer. It demonstrates that although their objections to the scheme were broadly similar, focused upon its Catholic ecclesiology, they had less in common theologically than they assumed. Although they portrayed themselves as close allies, there was little dialogue across the denominational divide nor any agreement about the nature of the evangelicalism they reputedly shared.
A Note on John Wesley's Visit to Herrnhut in 1738
Authors: Dose Kai 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In early August 1738 John Wesley travelled to Germany, specifically to see Herrnhut in Saxony, as he wished to experience the spiritual life of the Moravian congregation. Surprisingly, he described the burial of a child at length. This research discloses the father's (a tailor) and child's name. Moreover, it confirms that Wesley had been present in Herrnhut on 19 August 1738 (New Style/Gregorian calendar).
Quantifying Recording Quality in In Vivo Striatal Recordings
Authors: Friend Danielle M. , Kemere Caleb , Kravitz Alexxai V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe striatum mediates a variety of functions including movement, decision‐making, motivation, and reward learning. In vivo recording is a powerful technique that allows for the interrogation of these striatal functions while an animal is awake and behaving. Here, we describe equipment needed and general setup for performing in vivo electrophysiology experiments, data processing, and quantification of recording quality. While this protocol is focused on striatal recordings, concepts should translate to other structures as well. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using CellProfiler for Automatic Identification and Measurement of Biological Objects in Images
Authors: Bray Mark‐Anthony , Vokes Martha S. , Carpenter Anne E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVisual analysis is required to perform many biological experiments, from counting colonies to measuring the size or fluorescence intensity of individual cells or organisms. This unit outlines the use of CellProfiler, a free, open‐source image analysis tool that extracts quantitative information from biological images. It includes a step‐by‐step protocol for automated analysis of the number, color, and size of yeast colonies growing on agar plates, but the methods can be adapted to identify and measure many other types of objects in images. The flexibility of the software allows experimenters to create pipelines of adjustable modules to fit different biological experiments and to generate accurate measurements from dozens or even hundreds of thousands of images. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parallel Protein Detection by Solid‐Phase Proximity Ligation Assay with Real‐Time PCR or Sequencing
Authors: Ebai Tonge , Kamali‐Moghaddam Masood , Landegren Ulf 
Published: January 2015

AbstractProximity ligation assays are a group of protein detection techniques in which reagents with affinity for target proteins, typically antibodies, are coupled to short strands of DNA. DNA‐modified affinity reagents are combined in assays constructed such that the coordinated binding of individual target molecules or complexes of interacting proteins by two or more of the reagents, followed by DNA ligation and/or polymerization reactions, gives rise to amplifiable DNA reporter strands. Proximity ligation assays have been shown to exhibit excellent sensitivity in single and multiplexed protein assays for individual or interacting proteins, both in solution and in situ. This unit describes procedures for developing solid‐phase proximity ligation assays for soluble proteins using either real‐time PCR or DNA sequencing as the readout. In addition, critical steps for assay optimization are discussed. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RNA Interference inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Conte Darryl , MacNeil Lesley T. , Walhout Albertha J.M. , Mello Craig C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRNAi has become an essential tool inC. elegansresearch. This unit describes procedures for RNAi inC. elegansby microinjecting with dsRNA, feeding with bacteria expressing dsRNA, and soaking in dsRNA solution, as well as high‐throughput methods for RNAi‐based screens. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Retrieving the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton community composition from in situ fluorescence profiles: A method based on a neural network with potential for global‐scale applications
Authors: Sauzède R. , Claustre H. , Jamet C. , Uitz J. , Ras J. , Mignot A. , D'Ortenzio F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA neural network‐based method is developed to assess the vertical distribution of (1) chlorophyllaconcentration ([Chl]) and (2) phytoplankton community size indices (i.e., microphytoplankton, nanophytoplankton, and picophytoplankton) from in situ vertical profiles of chlorophyll fluorescence. This method (FLAVOR for Fluorescence to Algal communities Vertical distribution in the Oceanic Realm) uses as input only the shape of the fluorescence profile associated with its acquisition date and geo‐location. The neural network is trained and validated using a large database including 896 concomitant in situ vertical profiles of High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) pigments and fluorescence. These profiles were collected during 22 oceanographic cruises representative of the global ocean in terms of trophic and oceanographic conditions, making our method applicable to most oceanic waters. FLAVOR is validated with respect to the retrieval of both [Chl] and phytoplankton size indices using an independent in situ data set and appears to be relatively robust spatially and temporally. To illustrate the potential of the method, we applied it to in situ measurements of the BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study) site and produce monthly climatologies of [Chl] and associated phytoplankton size indices. The resulting climatologies appear very promising compared to climatologies based on available in situ HPLC data. With the increasing availability of spatially and temporally well‐resolved data sets of chlorophyll fluorescence, one possible global‐scale application of FLAVOR could be to develop 3‐D and even 4‐D climatologies of [Chl] and associated composition of phytoplankton communities. The Matlab and R codes of the proposed algorithm are provided as supporting information.
Vitamin D3 as a novel regulator of basic fibroblast growth factor in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: Sansoni E. Ritter , Sautter Nathan B. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Yawn James R. , Lawrence Lauren A. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. , Mulligan Jennifer K. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe immunopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is largely unknown, but it is thought that different inflammatory profiles are responsible for the different CRS subtypes. 25‐Hydroxyvitamin‐D (25‐VD3) has been shown to alter inflammatory mediators in other disease processes and 25‐VD3 deficiency is associated with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), but it is unknown if 25‐VD3 levels impact local inflammation in CRS. This study investigated the correlation between plasma 25‐VD3 and sinonasal mucus monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels in patients with CRS.MethodsStudy subjects undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS were prospectively enrolled from January 2012 to August 2014. Control subjects included patients undergoing ESS for noninflammatory pathology. Blood and sinonasal mucus were collected at the time of ESS. Plasma 25‐VD3 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mucus levels of MCP‐1, RANTES, and bFGF by cytometric bead array (CBA).ResultsA total of 57 patients were enrolled and categorized as CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 31), CRSwNP (n = 14), and controls (n = 12). No significant correlation was found between MCP‐1 and 25‐VD3. There was a significant negative correlation between 25‐VD3 and RANTES (r = −0.612; p = 0.026) and bFGF (r = −0.578; p = 0.039) in CRSwNP patients; however, there was no significant correlation in CRSsNP patients.ConclusionThis data suggests that 25‐VD3 may play a role in regulation of RANTES and bFGF expression in CRSwNP. This may occur through regulation of NP fibroblasts or other immune cells. Further investigation is warranted to better elucidate the role of RANTES, bFGF, and 25‐VD3 in CRSwNP.
Pin1 promotes neuronal death in stroke by stabilizing Notch intracellular domain
Authors: Baik Sang‐Ha , Fane Mitchell , Park Joon Hyung , Cheng Yi‐Lin , Yang‐Wei Fann David , Yun Ui Jeong , Choi Yuri , Park Jong‐Sung , Chai Bing Han , Park Jin Su , Back Seung Hyun , Jeong Jae In , Jang Ye Jin , Bahn Gahee , Lee Joo‐Yong , Li Yu‐I , Sobey Christopher G. , Uchida Takafumi , Park Jae Hyung , Kim Hong Tae , Tang Sung‐Chun , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Jo Dong‐Gyu 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveStroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. The peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 regulates factors involved in cell growth. Recent evidence has shown that Pin1 plays a major role in apoptosis. However, the role of Pin1 in ischemic stroke remains to be investigated.MethodsWe used Pin1 overexpression and knockdown to manipulate Pin1 expression and explore the effects of Pin1 in cell death on ischemic stress in vitro and in a mouse stroke model. We also used Pin 1 inhibitor, γ‐secretase inhibitor, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1)‐deleted mutant cells, and Pin1 mutant cells to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Pin1‐NICD1–mediated cell death.ResultsOur findings indicate that Pin1 facilitates NICD1 stability and its proapoptotic function following ischemic stroke. Thus, overexpression of Pin1 increased NICD1 levels and enhanced its potentiation of neuronal death in simulated ischemia. By contrast, depletion or knockout of Pin1 reduced the NICD1 level, which in turn desensitized neurons to ischemic conditions. Pin1 interacted with NICD1 and increased its stability by inhibiting FBW7‐induced polyubiquitination. We also demonstrate that Pin1 and NICD1 levels increase following stroke. Pin1 heterozygous (+/−) and knockout (−/−) mice, and also wild‐type mice treated with an inhibitor of Pin1, each showed reduced brain damage and improved functional outcomes in a model of focal ischemic stroke.InterpretationThese results suggest that Pin1 contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by promoting Notch signaling, and that inhibition of Pin1 is a novel approach for treating ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 2015;77:504–516
Synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and clay platelets in reinforcing properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Pradhan Bratati , Roy Saheli , Srivastava Suneel Kumar , Saxena Anubhav 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTFine powders of montmorillonite (MMT)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrids have been prepared by simple grinding of MWCNT with MMT in different weight ratios of MMT to MWCNT (10 : 1, 6 : 1, 3 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 3) and characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These studies have established the formation of the exfoliated structures of MMT/MWCNT (1 : 1) hybrid, in which MWCNTs exist in the state of single nanotubes that are adsorbed and intercalated on the surface and in between the MMT nanoplatelets. The hybrid has subsequently been used as reinforcing nanofiller in the development of high‐performance silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites, and a remarkably synergistic effect of MMT and MWCNT on SR properties has been observed. The tensile strength of SR containing 1% w/w of the MMT/MWCNT (1 : 1) hybrid is improved by 215%, whereas the SR filled with MMT or MWCNT alone showed an improvement of 46 and 25%, respectively, over that of unfilled SR. In addition, SR/1 wt % MMT/MWCNT (1 : 1) nanocomposites also exhibit the maximum improvement in thermal stability corresponding to 10% weight loss by 70°C, crystallization and melting temperatures increased by 8 and 6°C as inferred from thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. This approach is promising for the preparation of high‐performance SR nanocomposites by using different dimension nanofillers together. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41818.
Migration and Law in Japan
Authors: Kondo Atsushi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt has been claimed that Japan is not a country of immigration. Where is Japan's distinctiveness evident, and what features does it share with other countries? This article examines the unique points of Japan and investigates problems of residence and citizenship. This article argues that Japan's historical legacy and international human rights have had an impact on Japan's migration and law, takes into consideration the need for new policies and examines some thorny issues. Globalisation and an ageing population are generating a debate on implementing a more liberal admission policy for highly skilled workers, students and nurses/care workers. Thorny issues comprise ethnic discrimination underscored by a colonial legacy and the still existing cold war in East Asia. Drawing a comparison with selected developed countries, this article indicates several challenges for Japan's migration and law. Markedly, Japan is the only developed industrialised democracy that does not have an anti‐discrimination law.
Open pipelines for integrated tumor genome profiles reveal differences between pancreatic cancer tumors and cell lines
Authors: Goecks Jeremy , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Maithel Shishir K. , Khoury H. Jean , Taylor James , Rossi Michael R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe describe open, reproducible pipelines that create an integrated genomic profile of a cancer and use the profile to find mutations associated with disease and potentially useful drugs. These pipelines analyze high‐throughput cancer exome and transcriptome sequence data together with public databases to find relevant mutations and drugs. The three pipelines that we have developed are: (1) an exome analysis pipeline, which uses whole or targeted tumor exome sequence data to produce a list of putative variants (no matched normal data are needed); (2) a transcriptome analysis pipeline that processes whole tumor transcriptome sequence (RNA‐seq) data to compute gene expression and find potential gene fusions; and (3) an integrated variant analysis pipeline that uses the tumor variants from the exome pipeline and tumor gene expression from the transcriptome pipeline to identify deleterious and druggable mutations in all genes and in highly expressed genes. These pipelines are integrated into the popular Web platform Galaxy at http://usegalaxy.org/cancer to make them accessible and reproducible, thereby providing an approach for doing standardized, distributed analyses in clinical studies. We have used our pipeline to identify similarities and differences between pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines and primary tumors.
c‐Abl induces stabilization of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in a kinase activity‐dependent manner
Authors: Aoyama Kazumasa , Yamaguchi Noritaka , Yuki Ryuzaburo , Morii Mariko , Kubota Sho , Hirata Kensuke , Abe Kohei , Honda Takuya , Kuga Takahisa , Hashimoto Yuuki , Tomonaga Takeshi , Yamaguchi Naoto 
Published: January 2015

Abstractc‐Abl is a non‐receptor‐type tyrosine kinase that regulates various cellular events, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, through phosphorylation of cytoplasmic and nuclear targets. Although we showed that c‐Abl induces histone deacetylation, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the effect of c‐Abl on the expression of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), because c‐Abl was shown to be involved in maintenance of nuclear protein levels of HDAC1. Co‐transfection of HDAC1 with c‐Abl increased the levels of HDAC1 protein in a kinase activity‐dependent manner without affecting its mRNA levels. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased protein levels of HDAC1 in cells transfected with HDAC1 but not in cells co‐transfected with HDAC1 and c‐Abl. Among class I HDACs, knockdown of endogenous c‐Abl preferentially suppressed endogenous protein levels of HDAC1, suggesting that c‐Abl stabilizes HDAC1 protein by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation. Subcellular fractionation showed that the stabilization of HDAC1 by c‐Abl occurred in the nucleus. Despite the fact that HDAC1 was phosphorylated by co‐expression with c‐Abl, stabilization of HDAC1 by c‐Abl was not affected by mutations in its sites phosphorylated by c‐Abl. Co‐expression with HDAC1 and nuclear‐targeted c‐Abl did not affect HDAC1 stabilization. Therefore, these results suggest that c‐Abl induces HDAC1 stabilization possibly through phosphorylation of a cytoplasmic target that is involved in proteasomal degradation of HDAC1.
4‐Methylcatechol‐induced cell damage in TM4 Sertoli cells
Authors: Li Chunjin , Li Wanhong , Chen Shuxiong , Kang Zhichen , Sun Lina , Li Hongjiao , Chen Lu , Rao Jiahui , Zhao Yun , Yu Jiaxin , Zhou Xu 
Published: January 2015

Abstract4‐Methylcatechol (4‐MC) is one of the metabolites of quercetin, which is a potential drug for neuroprotection and tumorigenesis inhibition. This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of 4‐MC in mouse TM4 Sertoli cells. TM4 Sertoli cell viability was significantly inhibited by 4‐MC in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. The number of apoptotic and dead cells was significantly increased after 4‐MC treatment. Caspase 3 activity increased by prolonged exposure of TM4 Sertoli cells to 200 μM 4‐MC. The 4‐MC significantly upregulated the mRNA level of Bax gene and considerably downregulated the Bcl‐2 gene expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. Results showed that 4‐MC could induce TM4 Sertoli cell apoptosis, and the cytotoxic effect of 4‐MC on TM4 Sertoli cells may be associated with upregulated Bax gene expression, which induced caspase cascade activation.
Social effects on foraging behavior and success depend on local environmental conditions
Authors: Marshall Harry H. , Carter Alecia J. , Ashford Alexandra , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Cowlishaw Guy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn social groups, individuals' dominance rank, social bonds, and kinship with other group members have been shown to influence their foraging behavior. However, there is growing evidence that the particular effects of these social traits may also depend on local environmental conditions. We investigated this by comparing the foraging behavior of wild chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, under natural conditions and in a field experiment where food was spatially clumped. Data were collected from 55 animals across two troops over a 5‐month period, including over 900 agonistic foraging interactions and over 600 food patch visits in each condition. In both conditions, low‐ranked individuals received more agonism, but this only translated into reduced foraging performances for low‐ranked individuals in the high‐competition experimental conditions. Our results suggest one possible reason for this pattern may be low‐ranked individuals strategically investing social effort to negotiate foraging tolerance, but the rank‐offsetting effect of this investment being overwhelmed in the higher‐competition experimental environment. Our results also suggest that individuals may use imbalances in their social bonds to negotiate tolerance from others under a wider range of environmental conditions, but utilize the overall strength of their social bonds in more extreme environments where feeding competition is more intense. These findings highlight that behavioral tactics such as the strategic investment of social effort may allow foragers to mitigate the costs of low rank, but that the effectiveness of these tactics is likely to be limited in certain environments.