bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence with screening guidelines for hepatitis C testing among HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Jonckheere S , Vincent A , Wilmes D , Belkhir L , Vandercam B , Yombi J 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyCo‐infection with HIV / hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs commonly due to similar routes of transmission, mainly in MSM and IVDU patients. In 2009, EACS guidelines introduced the notion of systematic annual HCV screening among HIV‐infected patients. This study evaluated staff knowledge, adherence to HCV screening recommendations and seroconversion rates for HCV in our HIV Reference Centre.MethodsEight physicians (HIV specialists) were interviewed on recommendations and perceived adherence to EACS clinical guidelines on HCV screening [1]. We then reviewed medical records of our cohort of HIV‐infected patients on regular follow‐up in our centre each year, from 2008 to 2011. We considered a patient to be on regular follow‐up when records showed at least two clinical reviews and one HIV viral load testing during the year. Demographic features and HCV serology tests were collected from the operating software of our institution (Medical Explorer v3r9, 2008). Diagnosis of HCV was retained when serology became positive and HCV RNA was detected.

Year
Patients on regular f/un
MSM‐Bisexual patients on regular f/un (%)
HCV serology tests n (%)
HCV tests among MSM‐Bisexual patients n (%)

2008
818
258 (31)
292 (35)
118 (45)

2009
869
290 (33)
314 (28)
132 (45)

2010
938
308 (33)
389 (41)
198 (56)

2011
963
335 (35)
425 (44)
193 (57)

Summary of resultsThough knowledge of current guidelines was excellent (100%), staff claimed a 87.5% adherence rate to these recommendations. Rate of screening rose gradually between 2008 and 2011, especially after introduction of EACS guidelines in 2009 (Table 1 and Fig. 1). The maximal screening rate was in 2011, with 44% of patients tested among the general HIV population and 57% among MSM bisexual patients. This trend was statistically significant in both populations (p<0.01). The year 2011 displayed a marked increase in diagnosis of HCV infection, with 8 new patients diagnosed in a 963‐patient‐large cohort (all were MSM).ConclusionIn our centre, knowledge of EACS guidelines on screening for HCV was good but adherence to these recommendations is poor, though it improves over time. It is consistent with published rates of compliance to clinical guidelines on screening policies for HCV among STD/HIV specialists (47–54%) [2]. However, it remains low compared to expected rates of 70–100%. Education of clinicians is warranted to increase awareness and further improve adherence to guidelines. Peer review and computer‐based algorithms / reminders could be used in order to increase systematic screening.Evolution of HCV Screening & Acute HCV Hepatitis Diagnosis (2008–2011).image
FAK regulates Cdk2 in EGF‐stimulated primary cultures of hepatocytes
Authors: Flinder Liv Ingrid , Wierød Lene , Rosseland Carola M. , Huitfeldt Henrik S. , Skarpen Ellen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, we report a novel role of FAK as a regulator of Cdk2 in anchorage‐dependent primary cultured hepatocytes. In response to EGF, we found that S‐phase entry was reduced upon FAK inhibition. This correlated with decreased protein expression and nuclear accumulation of the G1/S‐phase regulator Cdk2. Further, nuclear accumulation of the Cdk2 partner cyclinE, was reduced, but not its protein level. Also, protein levels of Cdk2 were inversely linked with increased expression of the Cdk2 inhibitor p27, known to be degraded in a Cdk2‐dependent manner. Also, cyclinD1 was regulated by FAK, but to a lesser extent than Cdk2. To assess the mechanism in which FAK mediates Cdk2‐regulation, FAK mutants were used: FAKY397F, mutated at its integrin‐regulated site, and two others mutated at docking sites for Grb2‐ERK‐activation (FAKY925F) and for p130Cas‐Rac1‐activation (FAKY861F). All three sites were central for EGF‐induced ERK‐activity and Cdk2 expression. In addition, FAK was important for HGF‐mediated proliferation, suggesting a general mechanism for anchorage‐dependent growth. Moreover, growth factor‐induced cell spreading, but not survival, required FAK. Hence, integrins and growth factors cooperate in anchorage‐dependent signaling events leading to proliferation and motility. In conclusion, our data suggest that FAK acts as a central coordinator of integrin and growth factor‐mediated S‐phase entry by its ability to regulate Cdk2. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1304–1313, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of a new molecular technique for the genetic evaluation of products of conception
Authors: Grati Francesca R. , Gomes Denise Molina , Ganesamoorthy Devika , Marcato Livia , De Toffol Simona , Blondeel Eleonore , Malvestiti Francesca , Loeuillet Laurence , Ruggeri Anna Maria , Wainer Robert , Maggi Federico , Aboura Azzedine , Dupont Celine , Tabet Anne Claude , Guimiot Fabien , Slater Howard R. , Simoni Giuseppe , Vialard François 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesKaryotyping is a well‐established method of investigating the genetic content of product of conceptions (POCs). Because of the high rate of culture failure and maternal cell contamination, failed results or 46,XX findings are often obtained. Different molecular approaches that are not culture dependent have been proposed to circumvent these limits. On the basis of the robust experience previously obtained with bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)‐on‐Beads™ (BoBs™), we evaluated the same technology that we had used for the analysis of prenatal samples on POCs.MethodKaryoLite™ BoBs™ includes 91 beads, each of which is conjugated with a composite of multiple neighboring BACs according to the hg19 assembly. It quantifies proximal and terminal regions of each chromosome arm. The study included 376 samples.ResultsThe failure rate was 2%, and reproducibility >99%; false‐positive and false‐negative rates were <1% for non‐mosaic aneuploidies and imbalances effecting all three BACs in a contig. Detection rate for partial terminal imbalances was 65.5%. The mosaic detection threshold was 50%, and the success rate in macerated samples was 87.8%. The aneuploidy detection rate in samples with cell growth failure was 27.8%, and maternal cell contamination was suspected in 23.1% of 46,XX cultured cells.ConclusionKaryoLite™ BoBs™ as a ‘first‐tier’ test in combination with other approaches showed beneficial, cost‐effective and clearly enhanced POC testing. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentication Projects For Historical Fiction: Do You Believe It?
Authors: McTigue Erin , Thornton Elaine , Wiese Patricia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAuthentication projects, particularly for historical fiction, provide a means for students to explore literature and history while practicing critical literacy skills. The authors 1) present benefits and cautions for historical fiction use in elementary classrooms 2) introduce authentication projects as a means to mitigate risks and enhance benefits of using historical fiction, 3) document the use of authentication projects with pre‐service teachers, and 4) provide guidelines for implementing authentication projects with elementary students.
Capacity limits in a variable duty cycle IEEE 802.11p‐based VANET
Authors: Ozturk Serkan , Mišić Jelena , Mišić Vojislav B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we investigate the capacity limits in a variable duty cycle VANET that uses the IEEE 802.11p standard. We show that the default value of duty cycle that allocates time equally between control and service channels leads to unbalanced performance and that the performance of typical traffic on those channels can be greatly improved by judicious choice of the value for duty cycle. We find the values of spatial density of vehicular traffic that lead to spatial saturation of network traffic. In addition, to model the distribution of the vehicles on the road segment, we used Poisson distribution, as well as Erlang‐k distribution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[CunXn]‐Based Coordination Polymers with Bis(4‐iodo‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane and Bis(4‐iodo‐3, 5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane: Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Wang Wen‐Xia , Wang Ling , Li Hong‐Xi , Li Hai‐Yan , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSolvothermal reactions of CuX (X = Cl, Br, I, CN) with bis(4‐iodo‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (ipzm) or its methyl‐substituted derivative bis(4‐iodo‐3, 5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (idmpzm) resulted in the formation of three 2D [Cu2X2]n‐based coordination polymers [{Cu(μ‐X)}2(μ‐ipzm)]n [X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)], four 1D [CuX]n‐based coordination polymers [{Cu(μ‐CN)}2(μ‐ipzm)]n (4), [{(idmpzm)Cu}(μ‐Cl)]n (5), [{(idmpzm)Cu}(μ‐Br)·MeCN]n (6), [{(idmpzm)Cu}(μ‐I)·0.5MeCN]n (7), and one 1D [Cu6(CN)6]n‐based coordination polymer [{Cu(μ‐CN)}6(idmpzm)3]n (8). Compounds 1–8 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1–3 consist of an unique 2D layer structure, in which the 1D staircase [Cu2X2]n chains are linked by ipzm ligands via the μ‐η1(N)‐η1(N) coordination mode. In 4, two 1D zigzag [CuCN]n chains are linked by μ‐ipzm ligands to form a 1D double chain. Compounds 5–7 have a 1D split‐stair chain derived from connecting [Cu(idmpzm)] fragments via μ‐X (X = Cl, Br, I) bridges, whereas 8 exhibits a 1D scolopendra‐like chain assembled from a 1D [Cu6(CN)6]n chain with idmpzm ligands chelating on the outer central CuI atoms. The luminescence properties of 1–8 along with free ipzm and idmpzm ligands at ambient temperature were also investigated.
Beyond prejudice: Are negative evaluations the problem and is getting us to like one another more the solution?
Authors: Dixon John , Levine Mark , Reicher Steve , Durrheim Kevin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFor most of the history of prejudice research, negativity has been treated as its emotional and cognitive signature, a conception that continues to dominate work on the topic. By this definition, prejudice occurs when we dislike or derogate members of other groups. Recent research, however, has highlighted the need for a more nuanced and “inclusive” (Eagly 2004) perspective on the role of intergroup emotions and beliefs in sustaining discrimination. On the one hand, several independent lines of research have shown that unequal intergroup relations are often marked by attitudinal complexity, with positive responses such as affection and admiration mingling with negative responses such as contempt and resentment. Simple antipathy is the exception rather than the rule. On the other hand, there is mounting evidence that nurturing bonds of affection between the advantaged and the disadvantaged sometimes entrenches rather than disrupts wider patterns of discrimination. Notably, prejudice reduction interventions may have ironic effects on the political attitudes of the historically disadvantaged, decreasing their perceptions of injustice and willingness to engage in collective action to transform social inequalities.These developments raise a number of important questions. Has the time come to challenge the assumption that negative evaluations are inevitably the cognitive and affective hallmarks of discrimination? Is the orthodox concept of prejudice in danger of side-tracking, if not obstructing, progress towards social justice in a fuller sense? What are the prospects for reconciling a prejudice reduction model of change, designed to get people to like one another more, with a collective action model of change, designed to ignite struggles to achieve intergroup equality?
Prejudice reduction, collective action, and then what?
Authors: Abrams Dominic , Vasiljevic Milica , Wardrop Hazel M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDespite downsides, it must, on balance, be good to reduce prejudice. Despite upsides, collective action can also have destructive outcomes. Improving intergroup relations requires multiple levels of analysis involving a broader approach to prejudice reduction, awareness of potential conflict escalation, development of intergroup understanding, and promotion of a wider human rights perspective.
A Study of Cathodoluminescence and Trace Element Compositional Zoning in Natural Quartz from Volcanic Rocks: Mapping Titanium Content in Quartz
Authors: Leeman William P. , MacRae Colin M. , Wilson Nick C. , Torpy Aaron , Lee Cin-Ty A. , Student James J. , Thomas Jay B. , Vicenzi Edward P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article concerns application of cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy to volcanic quartz and its utility in assessing variation in trace quantities of Ti within individual crystals. CL spectroscopy provides useful details of intragrain compositional variability and structure but generally limited quantitative information on element abundances. Microbeam analysis can provide such information but is time-consuming and costly, particularly if large numbers of analyses are required. To maximize advantages of both approaches, natural and synthetic quartz crystals were studied using high-resolution hyperspectral CL imaging (1.2–5.0 eV range) combined with analysis via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Spectral intensities can be deconvolved into three principal contributions (1.93, 2.19, and 2.72 eV), for which intensity of the latter peak was found to correlate directly with Ti concentration. Quantitative maps of Ti variation can be produced by calibration of the CL spectral data against relatively few analytical points. Such maps provide useful information concerning intragrain zoning or heterogeneity of Ti contents with the sensitivity of LA-ICPMS analysis and spatial resolution of electron microprobe analysis.
The Effect of Contact Precautions on Healthcare Worker Activity in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Morgan Daniel J. , Pineles Lisa , Shardell Michelle , Graham Margaret M. , Mohammadi Shahrzad , Forrest Graeme N. , Reisinger Heather S. , Schweizer Marin L. , Perencevich Eli 
Published: November 2012

Background and Objective.Contact precautions are a cornerstone of infection prevention but have also been associated with less healthcare worker (HCW) contact and adverse events. We studied how contact precautions modified HCW behavior in 4 acute care facilities.Design.Prospective cohort study.Participants and Setting.Four acute care facilities in the United States performing active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Methods.Trained observers performed “secret shopper” monitoring of HCW activities during routine care, using a standardized collection tool and fixed 1-hour observation periods.Results.A total of 7,743 HCW visits were observed over 1,989 hours. Patients on contact precautions had 36.4% fewer hourly HCW visits than patients not on contact precautions (2.78 vs 4.37 visits per hour; P< .001 ) as well as 17.7% less direct patient contact time with HCWs (13.98 vs 16.98 minutes per hour; P = .02). Patients on contact precautions tended to have fewer visitors (23.6% fewer; P = .08). HCWs were more likely to perform hand hygiene on exiting the room of a patient on contact precautions (63.2% vs 47.4% in rooms of patients not on contact precautions; P< .001).Conclusion.Contact precautions were found to be associated with activities likely to reduce transmission of resistant pathogens, such as fewer visits and better hand hygiene at exit, while exposing patients on contact precautions to less HCW contact, less visitor contact, and potentially other unintended outcomes.
The regulation of Rubisco by Rubisco activase
Authors: Portis Archie R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The activity of Rubisco depends on the conversion of the inactive form (E) to the active form (ECM); the binding of the inhibitors CA1P and RuBP to ECM and E, respectively; and the catalytic formation of inhibitory sugar bisphosphates from the enediol intermediate that precedes carboxylation/oxygenation. The regulatory protein, Rubisco activase, modulates the activity of Rubisco by kinetically increasing the dissociation rate of these sugar bisphosphates from their respective enzyme forms in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. The activity of Rubisco activase is determined by the ATP:ADP ratio. The activity also appears to be influenced by thylakoid membranes in a light-dependent manner, but only a few details of this effect are currently understood. A species dependence in the interaction between heterologous Rubisco and Rubisco activase proteins has been observed. Whether the regulation of Rubisco is a constraint to crop productivity is debatable and will only be decided by detailed study of plants transformed with appropriately modified Rubisco activase and/or Rubisco proteins.
Phosphate translocation in the regulation of photosynthesis
Authors: Flügge Ulf-Lngo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The plastid phosphate translocators located in the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts and nongreen plastids mediate important translocation steps during the allocation of photoassimilates from sourceto sink-tissues. Repression of the chloroplast translocator severely alters diurnal carbon partitioning between leaves and sink tissues. Under physiological conditions, the translocator mediates a strict counterexchange of substrates. However, experiments with the reconstituted translocator demonstrate that transport can also occur by a channel-like uniport mechanism resulting in drastically increased transport rates. The chloroplast translocator is different from the analogous protein of non-green tissues. In all tissues examined, the translocator of non-green plastids only accepts glucose-6-phosphate in addition to phosphate and phosphorylated C3-compounds. The glucose-6-phosphate is subsequently used for starch synthesis.
Perspectives on photoinhibition and photorespiration in the field: quintessential inefficiencies of the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis?
Authors: Osmond C.B. , Grace S.C. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Taking the long-held view that photoinhibition embraces several processes leading to a reduction in the efficiency of light utilization in photosynthesis, and that photorespiration embraces several processes associated with O2 uptake in the light, photoinhibition and photorespiration now can be considered as inevitable, but essential inefficiencies of photosynthesis which help preserve photosynthetic competence in bright light. Photorespiratory O2 uptake via Rubisco, and O2 uptake via the Mehler reaction, both promote non-assimilatory electron transport, and stimulate photon utilization during CO2-limited photosynthesis in bright light. Although fluorescence studies show that the proportion of total photon use via oxygenase photorespiration in air may decline to only about 10% in full sunlight, mass spectrometer studies show that O2 uptake in Mehler reaction photorespiration in C3 and CAM plants can still account for up to 50% of electron flow in saturating CO2 and light. The Mehler-ascorbate peroxidase reaction has an additional role in sustaining membrane energization which promotes dynamic photoinhibition and photon protection (rapidly reversible decrease in PSII efficiency involving dissipation of the energy of excess photons in the antennae). Net CO2 and O2 exchange studies evidently underestimate the extent of total electron transport, and hence overestimate the extent of photon excess in bright light, leading to overestimates of the role of energy-dependent photon dissipation through dynamic photo-inhibition. Nevertheless, in C3 plants in air all of these processes help to mitigate chronic photoinhibition and photon damage (slowly reversible decrease in PSII efficiency involving loss of reaction centre function). The possibility remains that residual electron transport to O2 from intermediates in the vicinity of PSII may also lead to reactive O2 species that potentiate this photon damage.
Liver fat content is linked to inflammatory changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Jansen Henry J. , Vervoort Gerald M. , van der Graaf Marinette , Stienstra Rinke , Tack Cees J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are typically overweight and have an increased liver fat content (LFAT). High LFAT may be explained by an increased efflux of free fatty acids from the adipose tissue, which is partly instigated by inflammatory changes. This would imply an association between inflammatory features of the adipose tissue and liver fat content.ObjectiveTo analyse associations between inflammatory features of the adipose tissue and liver fat content.DesignA cross‐sectional study.PatientsTwenty‐seven obese patients with insulin‐treated T2DM were studied.MeasurementsLFAT content was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A subcutaneous (sc) fat biopsy was obtained to determine morphology and protein levels within adipose tissue. In addition to fat cell size, the percentage of macrophages and the presence of crown‐like structures (CLSs) within sc fat were assessed by CD68‐immunohistochemical staining.ResultsMean LFAT percentage was 11·1 ± 1·7% (range: 0·75–32·9%); 63% of the patients were diagnosed with an elevated LFAT (upper range of normal ≤5·5%). Whereas adipocyte size did not correlate with LFAT, 3 of 4 subjects with CLSs in sc fat had elevated LFAT and the percentage of macrophages present in sc adipose tissue was positively associated with LFAT. Protein concentrations of adiponectin within adipose tissue negatively correlated with LFAT. Adipose tissue protein levels of the key inflammatory adipokine plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) were positively associated with LFAT.ConclusionsSeveral pro‐inflammatory changes in sc adipose tissue associate with increased LFAT content in obese insulin‐treated patients with T2DM. These findings suggest that inflammatory changes at the level of the adipose tissue may drive liver fat accumulation.
pH and effects on Streptococcus mutans growth of denture adhesives: an in vitro study
Authors: Chen Fengying , Mao Tiantian , Cheng Xiangrong 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the pH and effects on Streptococcus mutans growth of denture adhesives.BackgroundThere is little information regarding the pH of contemporary adhesives and their influences on S. mutans growth.Materials and methodsThe adhesives tested were Polident® cream, Protefix® cream and Protefix® powder. Samples of each adhesive were added to deionized water to produce solutions of 10.0, 5.0, 2.5 and 1.0% w/v (cream formulations) or 5.0, 2.5,1.0 and 0.5% (powder formulation). The pH values were measured immediately after preparation and at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐h intervals using a digital pH meter. Streptococcus mutans UA159 was inoculated in the Brain Heart Infusion medium with or without the adhesive extracts (control). Bacterial growth was observed by measuring absorption at 600 nm every 1 h for 12 h using a spectrophotometer.ResultsThe tested adhesives generally remained relatively pH‐stable over 24 h, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. There were no statistically significant differences in S. mutans growth rates between the extract‐treated and control cultures (p > 0.5).ConclusionsSome adhesives produce a pH below the critical pH of hydroxyapatite and may not be suitable for patients with natural teeth. None of the tested adhesives significantly affect S. mutans growth.