bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano‐level position resolution for particle tracking in digital in‐line holographic microscopy
Authors: LEI H. , HU X. , ZHU P. , CHANG X. , ZENG Y. , HU C. , LI H. , HU X. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThree‐dimensional particle tracking in biological systems is a quickly growing field, many techniques have been developed providing tracking characters. Digital in‐line holographic microscopy is a valuable technique for particle tracking. However, the speckle noise, out‐of‐focus signals and twin image influenced the particle tracking. Here an adaptive noise reduction method based on bidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition is introduced into digital in‐line holographic microscopy. It can eliminate the speckle noise and background of the hologram adaptively. Combined with the three‐dimensional deconvolution approach in the reconstruction, the particle feature would be identified effectively. Tracking the fixed beads on the cover‐glass with piezoelectric stage through multiple holographic images demonstrate the tracking resolution, which approaches 2 nm in axial direction and 1 nm in transverse direction. This would facilitate the development and use in the biological area such as living cells and single‐molecule approaches.
USP46: a new piece of the memory puzzle?
Authors: Ribeiro Felipe C. , Santos Luis E. , Ferreira Sergio T. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
image
Long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) are crucial for synaptic plasticity, and are driven by AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. Recent findings indicate that the ubiquitin–proteasome system, the main protein degradation machinery of the cell, plays a significant role in memory formation by regulating the induction and maintenance of LTP. Although previously suggested as a possibility, deubiquitination of mammalian AMPARs had not been demonstrated, and the search for an enzyme that mediates the processes continued. This Editorial Highlight discusses the relevance of a study published in the current issue of Journal of Neurochemistry, in which the authors Huo and collaborators now identified ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 46 (USP46) as a specific AMPAR deubiquitinase.
Nutrition‐based interventions to address metabolic syndrome in the Navajo: a systematic review
Authors: Nava Lorenzo T , Zambrano Jenelle M , Arviso Karen P , Brochetti Denise , Becker Kathleen L 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThe objective of this systematic review is to identify nutrition‐based interventions that may be effective for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome in the Navajo.BackgroundMetabolic syndrome, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affects almost half of the Navajo population. The diet of the Navajo, heavy in fat and refined carbohydrates, has been identified as an important contributing factor to the high rates of metabolic syndrome in this population.DesignA search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL to identify studies published before October, 2013, involving nutrition‐based interventions in adult populations similar to the Navajo targeting at least one measure of metabolic syndrome.MethodsData on efficacy and participation were gathered and synthesised qualitatively.ResultsOut of 19 studies included in this systematic review, 11 interventions were identified to be effective at improving at least one measure of metabolic syndrome. Level of exposure to the intervention, frequency of intervention activities, family and social support, cultural adaptation and case management were identified as factors that may improve the efficacy of an intervention.ConclusionsMultiple nutrition‐based interventions have been found to be effective in populations similar to the Navajo.Relevance to clinical practiceDevelopment of a strategy to address metabolic syndrome in the Navajo may involve aspects from multiple interventions to increase efficacy and maximise participation.
Toward a Dynamic Theory of Intermediate Conformity
Authors: Bascle Guilhem 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe issue of conformity to social norms has been a major focus of research. Yet, intermediate conformity, which refers to actors who are neither total conformers nor non‐conformers, has received scant attention even though the behaviour is likely widespread. This paper aims to extend the literature on conformity to social norms by laying the foundations for a tractable theory of intermediate conformity. Here, a set of key factors hypothesized to lead actors into intermediate conformity is identified and formal arguments about the dynamic‐legitimacy and reputational effects of their intermediate conformity moves are formulated. Important building blocks include a taxonomy of norms that allows for norm heterogeneity and a recognition that conformity may change over time. The developed framework provides a new conceptual lever for better understanding how intermediate conformers cope over time with social norms of different types and importance.
Comparison of Glioblastomas and Brain Metastases using Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Perfusion MRI
Authors: Jung Brian C. , Arevalo‐Perez Julio , Lyo John K. , Holodny Andrei I. , Karimi Sasan , Young Robert J. , Peck Kyung K. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo compare glioblastoma and brain metastases using T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI perfusion technique.METHODS26 patients with glioblastoma and 32 patients with metastatic brain lesions with no treatment who underwent DCE‐MRI were, retrospectively, analyzed. DCE perfusion parameters Ktrans and Vp were calculated for the whole tumor. Signal intensity time curves were quantified by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and the logarithmic slope of the washout phase to explore the heterogeneous tumor characteristics.RESULTSGlioblastoma did not differ from all brain metastases in Ktrans (P = .34) or Vp (P = .47). Glioblastoma and melanoma metastases differed from hypovascular metastases in AUC and log slope of the washout phase of the signal intensity time curve (P < .05); however, glioblastoma and melanoma metastases did not differ from each other (AUC: P = .78, Log slope: P = .77). Glioblastoma and melanoma metastases differed from hypovascular metastases in the ratio of Voxelneg/Voxelpos (P< .03); however, they did not differ from each other. Glioblastoma and melanoma metastases differed from each other in Voxelneg_threshold at higher negative log slope threshold.CONCLUSIONDCE‐MRI showed that it has a potential to differentiate glioblastomas, melanoma metastases and hypovascular brain tumors. Logarithmic slope of the washout phase and AUC of the signal intensity time curve were shown to be the best discriminator between hypervascular and hypovascular neoplasms.
Skill Acquisition in the Informal Economy and Schooling Decisions: Evidence from Emerging Economies
Authors: Tumen Semih 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInformal jobs offer skill acquisition opportunities that may facilitate a future switch to formal employment for young workers. In this sense, informal training on the job may be a viable alternative to formal schooling in an economy with a large and diverse informal sector. In this paper, I investigate if these considerations are relevant for the schooling decisions of young individuals using panel data for 17 Latin American countries and micro‐level data for Turkey. Specifically, I ask if the prevalence of informal jobs distorts schooling attainment. I concentrate on three measures of schooling outcomes: (1) secondary education enrollment rate; (2) out‐of‐school rate for lower secondary school; and (3) tertiary education graduation rate. I find that the secondary education enrollment rate is negatively correlated with the size of the informal economy, whereas the out‐of‐school rate is positively correlated. Moreover, the tertiary education graduation rates tend to fall as the informal employment opportunities increase. This means that informal training on the job may be crowding out school education in developing countries. Policies that can potentially affect the size of the informal sector should take into consideration these second‐round effects on aggregate schooling outcomes.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis with variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis: outcomes and predictors in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Qi Xingshun , He Chuangye , Guo Wengang , Yin Zhanxin , Wang Jianhong , Wang Zhengyu , Niu Jing , Bai Ming , Yang Zhiping , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsThe role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for the secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remains obscure. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with TIPS technical success, outcome and prognosis in cirrhotic patients with PVT and a history of variceal bleeding.MethodsBetween May 2009 and April 2011, 51 cirrhotic patients with PVT who attempted TIPS procedures for the prevention of variceal rebleeding were enrolled.ResultsTIPS success rate was 84% (43/51). An increased degree of thrombosis within the portal trunk and portal vein branches was inversely associated with TIPS success. Median follow‐up time was 40.07 months (range: 0.02–56.87). The cumulative risk of rebleeding was significantly different between TIPS success and failure group (P = 0.002). The univariate analysis also demonstrated that TIPS failure was the only significant predictor associated with rebleeding (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.174, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.558–11.186). In TIPS success group, the cumulative rates free of shunt dysfunction at the 6th and 12th month were 79% and 76% respectively. Absence of total superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis was the only independent predictor (HR = 0.189, 95% CI: 0.047–0.755). In TIPS success group, the 1‐ and 3‐year cumulative survival rates were 77% and 62% respectively. Albumin level was the only independent predictor (HR = 0.877, 95% CI: 0.779–0.986).ConclusionSuccessful TIPS insertions could effectively prevent from rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with PVT and variceal bleeding. Degree of PVT and SMV thrombosis was associated with TIPS failure and shunt dysfunction respectively.
Low air temperature increases the risk of oesophageal variceal bleeding: a population and hospital‐based case‐crossover study in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Wen‐Chieh , Chen Yung‐Tai , Chen Ping‐Hsien , Su Chien‐Wei , Huang Wei‐Ming , Yang Tsung‐Chieh , Li Szu‐Yuan , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Lin Han‐Chieh , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Hou Ming‐Chih 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsStudies concerning seasonal variations and the impact of air temperature on oesophageal variceal bleeding have yielded conflicting results. We aimed to explore the impact of air temperature on the occurrence of variceal bleeding.MethodsA case‐crossover study design was employed, and two cohorts were used, including the NHI‐EVB cohort from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2010, and the VGH‐EVB cohort from the Taipei Veterans General Hospital, from 4 May 2002 to 31 December 2010. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn total, 2542 cases from the NHI‐EVB cohort and 220 cases from the VGH‐EVB cohort were analysed. Our analysis showed that low air temperature (LAT) increased the risk of variceal bleeding regardless of age, sex, decompensated cirrhosis, Child‐Pugh classification, aetiology of liver disease and concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma; the lag effect was also observed. The ORs per 5°C decrease in daily mean air temperature were 1.144 (95% CI, 1.060–1.235) for the NHI‐EVB cohort and 1.307 (95% CI: 1.031–1.658) for the VGH‐EVB cohort. Oesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with small varices, end‐stage liver disease score ≧15 or those using non‐selective beta blockers was not influenced by air temperature.ConclusionsPatients have higher risk of oesophageal variceal bleeding at low air temperature regardless of age, sex, aetiology of cirrhosis, Child‐Pugh classification, decompensated cirrhosis and concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma and can be protected by use non‐selective beta blockers.
Worldly Reasons: An Ontological Inquiry into Motivating Considerations and Normative Reasons
Authors: Mantel Susanne 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article I advocate a worldly account of normative reasons according to which there is an ontological gap between these and the premises of practical thought, i.e. motivating considerations. While motivating considerations are individuated fine‐grainedly, normative reasons should be classified as coarse‐grained entities, e.g. as states of affairs, in order to explain certain necessary truths about them and to make sense of how we count and weigh them. As I briefly sketch, acting for normative reasons is nonetheless possible if the connection between normative reasons and motivating considerations is a competence‐based correspondence.
Predictors of outcome of an Internet‐based cognitive‐behavioural therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder in older adults
Authors: Böttche Maria , Kuwert Philipp , Pietrzak Robert H. , Knaevelsrud Christine 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of resource‐oriented variables such as self‐efficacy, locus of control (LOC) and post‐traumatic growth (PTG) in predicting treatment response in older adults with post‐traumatic stress.MethodsFifty‐eight older adults with subsyndromal or greater severity of war‐associated post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms completed a randomized controlled Internet‐based cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) with immediate and delayed treatment groups. Assessments of PTSD severity and resource‐oriented variables of self‐efficacy, LOC and PTG were conducted at baseline, post‐treatment and at a 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsResults revealed that pre‐treatment scores on measures of internal LOC and PTG predicted PTSD symptom severity at post‐treatment, even after controlling for initial PTSD. At a 6‐month follow‐up, internal LOC continued to predict PTSD symptom severity. In addition, repeated‐measures analyses of variance revealed that, relative to older adults with low internal LOC and PTG, older adults with high internal LOC and PTG, respectively, did not differ with respect to initial PTSD severity, but they showed a more pronounced response to treatment.ConclusionThese findings suggest that greater locus of control and post‐traumatic growth is associated with greater improvement in PTSD symptoms following Internet‐based CBT. Assessment of these constructs may be useful in identifying trauma survivors who are most likely to respond to CBT.Practitioner points

Greater internal locus of control and post‐traumatic growth is associated with greater improvement in PTSD symptoms following Internet‐based CBT.

Older adults with initial high internal locus of control and post‐traumatic growth, respectively, did not differ with respect to initial PTSD severity, but they showed a more pronounced response to treatment.

It could be assumed that patients with initial functional appraisals could benefit easier and faster from a trauma‐focused cognitive‐behavioural therapy compared to individuals with lower internal locus of control and post‐traumatic growth
Risk Factors for Antenatal Depression and Associations with Infant Birth Outcomes: Results From a South African Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Brittain Kirsty , Myer Landon , Koen Nastassja , Koopowitz Sheri , Donald Kirsten A. , Barnett Whitney , Zar Heather J. , Stein Dan J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundMaternal antenatal depression may be particularly prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but there is a paucity of data on its effect on birth outcomes in such settings. We investigated risk factors for antenatal depression and the associations between depression and infant birth outcomes in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a birth cohort study in the Western Cape, South Africa.MethodsThe prevalence of depression in pregnant women enrolled in the DCHS from primary care antenatal clinics was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II). Predictors of antenatal depression were investigated using logistic regression, and the associations between depression and infant birth outcomes were examined in linear regression models.ResultsAmong 726 pregnant women (median age: 26 years), 156 (21%) had BDI‐II scores suggesting depression. Independent predictors of depression included single marital status, low socioeconomic status (SES), recent stressful life events, unplanned pregnancy, childhood trauma, and past‐year intimate partner violence. No association was observed between antenatal depression and preterm birth. Strong associations were observed between antenatal depression and decreased infant weight‐for‐age (WAZ) and head circumference‐for‐age (HCAZ) z‐scores at birth. In multivariable analysis, the association between depression and decreased HCAZ remained significant, when adjusted for clinic, SES, and recent stressful life events.ConclusionsAntenatal depression and associated risk factors are highly prevalent in this setting and are associated with adverse fetal growth. Maternal mental health may be an important predictor of infant growth in utero.
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist + long‐acting beta agonist versus long‐acting beta agonist + inhaled corticosteroid for COPD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Horita Nobuyuki , Miyazawa Naoki , Tomaru Koji , Inoue Miyo , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSome trials have been conducted to compare long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) + long‐acting beta agonist (LABA) versus LABA + inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but no meta‐analysis were reported.Two investigators independently searched for eligible articles using the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. Articles in authors' reference files were also regarded as candidates. The eligibility criteria for the current meta‐analysis were original trials written in English comparing the impact of LAMA + LABA and LABA + ICS for COPD patients. A pooled value for the continuous value was calculated using the genetic inverse variance method for mean difference. Incidence of events was evaluated using the odds ratio (OR). Minimal clinically important difference were 50 mL for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), four points for St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and one point for transition dyspnoea index (TDI).We included seven randomized controlled trials and one cross‐over trial with follow‐up period of 6–26 weeks. Compared with LABA + ICS, LAMA + LABA led to significantly greater improvements of trough FEV1 by 71 (95% CI: 48–95) mL, TDI by 0.38 points (95% CI: 0.17–0.58), less exacerbations with an OR of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62–0.96) and less pneumonia with an OR of 0.28 (95% CI: 0.12–0.68). Frequencies of any adverse event, serious adverse event, adverse event leading to discontinuation, all‐cause death and change of total score of SGRQ were not different in both arms. LAMA + LABA might be a better option for treating COPD than LABA + ICS.
Current Account Deficit in Mauritius: Risks and Prospects
Authors: Khadaroo Ahmad Jameel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMauritius is often cited by international institutions, including theInternationalMonetaryFund andWorldBank, as a success story in economic development. The island has, since the early 1970s, adopted an export‐led growth strategy to power its economy. However, a constant decline over the last decade in the exports to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio has resulted in a worsening current account toGDPratio, which is now a cause for concern. Using a three‐regime, self‐exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) model, this paper finds that theMauritian economy may converge to either of two current account equilibria, namely a deficit of 9% or a surplus of 2.5% on a seasonally adjusted basis. A dynamic simulation exercise suggests that theMauritian current account is more likely to switch from surplus to deficit equilibrium than from deficit to surplus equilibrium. Given that the prevailing deficit is in the vicinity of the deficit equilibrium, structural policies aiming to boost productivity and efficiency are indispensable for pullingMauritius out of the “deficit trap,” the more so since the island has been experiencing a continuous erosion of trade preferences, which formerly enabled it to have privileged access for its exports to the EU market.
Hand–Schüler–Christian disease presenting with recurrent, bilateral, symmetrical mandibular lesions in an 8‐year‐old boy: report of a case
Authors: Emmanouil Dimitris , Birpou Eleftheria , Chatzidimitriou Konstantina , Matsioula Chrysanthi , Christopoulos Panos , Tosios Konstantinos 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionHand–Schüller–Christian disease (HSC) is the unisystem multifocal form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) and is primarily seen in infants and children.Case reportAn 8‐year‐old boy was referred for acute mandibular pain. His medical history included otic LCH and diabetes insipidus at age of 11 months. Intraorally, a pressure sensitive swelling, and radiographically, extensive bone loss were revealed on the area of lower second primary molars. The primary molars were extracted and histological examination confirmed the final diagnosis of HSC. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and the lesions decreased considerably. Two years later, a new swelling was recorded in the same area bilaterally. Biopsy confirmed recurrent HSC disease and the patient entered an alternative chemotherapy protocol. Six months later, improvement of the lesions was revealed.ConclusionsDentists can contribute to a timely and valid identification of HSC disease by correctly differentially diagnosing lesions of head and neck.
Native American Food Security and Traditional Foods: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gurney Rachel M. , Caniglia Beth Schaefer , Mix Tamara L. , Baum Kristen A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis piece explores the emergent themes and subthemes represented within the recent contemporary discourse on Native American food security. Analysis revealed traditional foods as the most common theme present within the sampled literature. We offer a review of this theme (and related subthemes such as food access and human and environmental health) to illuminate the primary concerns, opportunities, preferences, and barriers associated with Native American food security. Our assessments also provide a nuanced understanding of existing literature related to food security and sovereignty, as well as key dimensions of environmental and social equality.
The Press and the Financial Crisis: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Schiffrin Anya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn recent years, a growing amount of scholarly interest has focused on the nature of the business/financial press and how it covers key economic events. Some of the literature examines the failings of the business press and its focus on narrow, short‐term events instead of analytical writing that educates the public about macroeconomics, including long‐term trends. Other studies have looked at how these tendencies affected press coverage before and during the 2008 financial crisis. As would be expected, the crisis caused an increase in writing about the business/financial press. Initially, the scholarship examined whether the media should have seen the crisis coming and questioned why journalists hadn't done a better job covering it. Other scholars, however, looked at the nature of the coverage itself vis‐à‐vis a larger discussion of how economic issues are framed. Much of the debate mirrored points made in previous analyses on the shortcomings of the business and financial press. They argue that more – or more accurate – information necessarily changes outcomes and tend to make normative judgements about the quality of journalism coverage studied.