bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Children's Reading Materials with Artificial Intelligence: Exploring Possibilities for Personalized Learning
Authors: Wagner Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence is the simulation or development of reasoning and other human‐like cognitive abilities by computers. Currently, there is limited exploration of applications of artificial intelligence tools for teaching reading to children in the early childhood and elementary grades, including how artificial intelligence might be used to personalize reading materials for children. This article draws on teachers' experiences with artificial intelligence tools to provide tips on how to use artificial intelligence to create differentiated reading materials for children.
Women Geologists 1780–1840: Re-reading Charlotte Murchison
Authors: Buckland Adelene 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt has long been established that many women were interested participants in the earth sciences in the first half of the nineteenth century. Until now, much of the scholarship has focused on the figure of the “geological wife” (or daughter or sister), whose skills in languages, drawing, and fossil collecting often provided invaluable assistance to their husbands. But since they are viewed as helpmates, or assistants, these women’s stories have mostly been told through the lens of the careers of their male family members, and they only rarely have been considered to have played any creative role in the research. This essay reconsiders that scholarship by looking at the work of Charlotte Murchison (née Hugonin). Re-evaluating Charlotte’s work, the essay demonstrates the key role her fossil collection and illustrations played in the development of key theoretical ideas (including Charles Lyell’s uniformitarianism) in the 1820s, and argues that the significance of her work was a key factor in pushing for women’s access to academic geological lectures in the 1830s. Charlotte’s story – told on its own terms – exposes the limitations of viewing women’s participation as familial assistance. It enables us to see how this paradigm has obfuscated our understanding of women’s intellectual autonomy, and of their significant, independent research achievements.
Braiding Fibonacci anyons
Authors: Hadjiivanov Ludmil , Georgiev Lachezar S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fibonacci anyons ε provide the simplest possible model of non-Abelian fusion rules: [1] × [1] = [0] ⊕ [1]. We propose a conformal field theory construction of topological quantum registers based on Fibonacci anyons realized as quasiparticle excitations in the ℤ3 parafermion fractional quantum Hall state. To this end, the results of Ardonne and Schoutens for the correlation function of four Fibonacci fields are extended to the case of arbitrary number n of quasi-holes and N = 3r electrons. Special attention is paid to the braiding properties of the obtained correlators. We explain in details the construction of a monodromy representation of the Artin braid group $$ \mathcal{B} $$
B
n acting on n-point conformal blocks of Fibonacci anyons. The matrices of braid group generators are displayed explicitly for all n ≤ 8. A simple recursion formula makes it possible to extend without efforts the construction to any n. Finally, we construct $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
qubit computational spaces in terms of conformal blocks of $$ 2\mathcal{N} $$
2
N
+ 2 Fibonacci anyons.
100 Jahre Facharzt für Urologie
Authors: Moll Friedrich H. , Krischel Matthis 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel untersucht die Entwicklung der Urologie als eigenständige medizinische Disziplin in Deutschland mit besonderem Fokus auf die Professionalisierung und Spezialisierung im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Basierend auf historischen Quellen beleuchtet der Text die Bedeutung der Weiterbildungsordnungen der deutschen Ärzteschaft als Instrument der ärztlichen Selbstverwaltung und die Einordnung der Urologie als Sonderfach der Medizin in den Bremer Richtlinien von 1924, welche den Facharzt für Erkrankungen der Harnorgane (Urologie) etablierten.
Detectable anthropogenic influence on the changes in structure of precipitation over China using CMIP6 models
Authors: Bai Jingyi , Ai Wenwen , Tang Huining , Zhang Zhendong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the context of global warming, both droughts and extreme precipitation events occur frequently over China. Precipitation, being a major driving factor and a crucial component of the water cycle, is highly sensitive to the human activities. This study uses high-resolution gridded daily precipitation, categorizing precipitation into 20 equal intervals, to analyze the changes in precipitation structure across the region. The investigation reveals a significant transition from light to heavy precipitation in China from 1961 to 2014, characterized by a notable decrease in light precipitation and a substantial increase in heavy precipitation. Employing the latest generation of CMIP6 models, it is found that the models can accurately replicate this change, with GHG forcing exacerbating this trend, particularly noticeable, whereas results under AER forcing are contrary to observational outcomes. Simultaneously, the study notes that CMIP6 models exhibit limitations in simulating the spatial distribution of trends in light precipitation but perform well in reproducing the trend pattern for heavy precipitation. Attribution results suggest that the observed shift from light to heavy precipitation is predominantly a result of the combined influence of GHG and AER forcing. However, significant regional variations exist in this transition. In the future, this transition is expected to persist, with heavy precipitation showing a more pronounced increasing trend.
Medikamentenversorgung und Polypharmazie in der Langzeitpflege
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Berger Bianca , Alf Frank , Reiber Petra , Essig Gundula , Wolke Reinhold 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Polypharmazie und daraus resultierende Probleme führen zu erheblichen Belastungen bei den Betroffenen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich erhebliche Probleme bei der Medikamentenversorgung feststellen.

Fragestellung
Welche Interventionen und Programme zur Optimierung der Medikamentenversorgung liegen für die stationäre Langzeitpflege vor, und mit welchen Umsetzungsproblemen ist zu rechnen?

Material und Methode
Literaturrecherche zu Interventionsstudien, die in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen in Deutschland durchgeführt wurden, mit dem Fokus auf der Optimierung der Medikamentenversorgung.

Ergebnisse
Sechs Programme mit Evaluationsergebnissen konnten identifiziert werden. Obwohl der Ansatz meist multimodal ist und mehrere Interventionsbereiche umfasst, wie Medikamentenbewertungen, Fort- und Weiterbildung sowie die Entwicklung von Hilfsmitteln, sind die Ergebnisse größtenteils enttäuschend. Lediglich in einer Studie konnten signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Gesamtzahl der Verschreibungen, bestimmte Medikamentengruppen und Outcome-Parameter wie Krankenhauseinweisungen belegt werden, wobei hierfür ein Selektionsbias zumindest mitverantwortlich sein könnte. Die größten Schwierigkeiten bestehen in der Umsetzung interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit und der Anwendung der in Reviews formulierten Medikamentenempfehlungen durch die zuständigen Ärzt*innen. Gleichzeitig wird die zentrale Rolle der Pflegenden im Gesamtprozess zu wenig beachtet und aktiv gefördert, was ein weiterer Grund für die Schwierigkeiten bei der Umsetzung in der Praxis sein könnte.

Schlussfolgerungen
Es zeigen sich fast keine signifikanten Veränderungen als Folge der in den gesichteten Studien durchgeführten Interventionen. Vor allem die interprofessionelle Kooperation, speziell die Kompetenzen der Pflegenden und die Zurückhaltung aufseiten der Ärzt*innen, müssten hierbei vermutlich noch stärker in den Blick genommen werden.
PCSK9 inhibitors in real life—Cardiometabolic risk management in dyslipidemic patients in Vienna
Authors: Ferch M , Sert C , Fellinger P , Kautzky-Willer A , Winhofer-Stöckl Y 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Background
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have emerged as important therapeutic options for patients unable to achieve the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) target or to tolerate alternative lipid-lowering agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment in tertiary routine care, by determining the percentage of patients reaching individual LDL‑C target levels 1 year after treatment initiation.

Patients and methods
Patients routinely started on PCSK9 inhibitors at our lipid clinic between 2017 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Attainment of the LDL‑C target, utilization of follow-ups, cardiovascular events and effects on laboratory parameters were investigated.

Results
In this study 347 patients were included, with the majority managed in secondary prevention (94.5%). The LDL‑C target was achieved by 44.9% after ca. 14 months, with differences between statin users and non-users (51.0% vs. 22.7%; p < 0.001). The median LDL‑C decreased from 126.00 mg/dL at baseline to 48 mg/dL (−61.6%; −77.00 mg/dL; p < 0.001) after ~2 months and to 60 mg/dL (−52.9%; −59.00 mg/dL; p < 0.001) after ~14 months. Median lipoprotein(a) levels decreased significantly from 184.0 nmol/L to 165.5 nmol/L (−25.9%; −25.5 nmol/L; p = 0.001) after ~2 months, whereas no effects on creatine kinase, amylase and lipase were detectable. Of the patients 15% utilized 4 follow-ups. The PCSK9 inhibitor intolerance occurred in 3.5% of patients.

Conclusion
With the effect of LDL-lowering remaining constant over 14 months, PCSK9 inhibitor treatment showed effective and sustainable LDL‑C lowering in a majority of patients in secondary prevention, bringing them closer to the recommended LDL‑C goal, particularly those under concomitant statin medication. Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors appears to be well-tolerated, confirming data from clinical trials in real life.
Inferring Object Boundaries and Their Roughness with Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Maboudi Afkham Babak , Riis Nicolai André Brogaard , Dong Yiqiu , Hansen Per Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work describes a Bayesian framework for reconstructing the boundaries that represent targeted features in an image, as well as the regularity (i.e., roughness vs. smoothness) of these boundaries. This regularity often carries crucial information in many inverse problem applications, e.g., for identifying malignant tissues in medical imaging. We represent the boundary as a radial function and characterize the regularity of this function by means of its fractional differentiability. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian formulation which, simultaneously, estimates the function and its regularity, and in addition we quantify the uncertainties in the estimates. Numerical results suggest that the proposed method is a reliable approach for estimating and characterizing object boundaries in imaging applications, as illustrated with examples from high-intensity X-ray CT and image inpainting with Gaussian and Laplace additive noise models. We also show that our method can quantify uncertainties for these noise types, various noise levels, and incomplete data scenarios.
Dry reforming of model-biogas over ceria-supported nickel catalyst: the effect of charge enhanced dry impregnation on the catalytic performance and coke resistance
Authors: Balopi Babusi , Joshua Gorimbo , Moyo Mahluli , Liu Xinying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effectiveness of charge charge-enhanced dry impregnation (CEDI) method on a ceria-supported nickel-based catalyst (10Ni/CeO2) used to produce synthesis (syngas) under biogas dry reforming conditions. The CEDI method was used to enhance the electrostatic adsorption of nickel precursor onto the ceria support during dry impregnation (DI), hence charge-enhanced dry impregnation. The other ceria-supported nickel-based catalyst (labelled 10Ni/CeO2-DI) was prepared by the commonly used DI method and used as the reference catalyst. The catalysts were then tested for stability and catalytic performance (biogas conversion and syngas yield) under biogas reforming conditions using CatLab-QGA equipment supplied by Hidden Analytical. The characterisation studies: X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), oxygen temperature programmed oxidation (O2-TPO), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and H2-chemisorption were performed on the fresh and spent catalysts to gain insight into the influence of the CEDI method on dispersion, nanoparticles size of the active phase, metal-support interaction, bulk composition, and phase composition. The results showed that enhancing electrostatic attraction during the DI method produced 10Ni/CeO2-CEDI with smaller nanoparticles (3.33 nm), improved nickel dispersion from 1.40 to 5.04% and improved metal-support interaction inferred from TPR values increased from 290 to 340 °C. These favourable physicochemical properties had a positive correlation with the improvement in the conversion of model biogas feed and the least coke formation.
The Effect of Paid Maternity Leave on Fertility and Mothers’ Labor Force Participation
Authors: Hiriscau Andra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines how paid maternity leave (ML) impacted fertility and mothers’ labor force participation in Romania. The ML gives mothers the right to paid leave until the child turns one year old, and it offers $${65{\%}}$$

65
%

of monthly income before birth. I examine the effects of this policy change using a regression discontinuity design and census data. I show that mothers who are eligible for ML are 2.5 percentage-points more likely to have an additional child than those ineligible. The effect is persistent for seven years after the policy was implemented. I find no significant results regarding the mother’s labor force participation. These results have important implications regarding the shrinking working-age population and the ability to fund benefits programs.
Culture-Specific Norms Regarding High-Quality Use of Task Potential for Mathematical Learning—Contrasting Researchers’ Perspectives from Germany and Taiwan
Authors: Paul Josephine F. , Dreher Anika , Wang Ting-Ying , Hsieh Feng-Jui , Lindmeier Anke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Factors like the potential of tasks to support students’ mathematical learning and its use in instruction are consensually understood to be relevant for instructional quality across cultural contexts. Yet, research has also shown that perspectives on instructional quality may vary between cultural contexts. As an explanation, it is argued that such perspectives depend on instructional norms, which correspond to the expected behavior in instruction within a cultural context. Notably, research contrasting mathematics instruction from East Asian and Western cultures hints at potentially different instructional norms regarding high-quality use of task potential, but systematic evidence is lacking so far. This study addresses this gap and uses three text vignettes of instructional situations to systematically elicit and contrast instructional norms regarding the use of word problems for mathematical learning. Researchers from Germany (N = 17) and Taiwan (N = 19) evaluated the use of tasks in various instructional situations in an online survey, and their answers were qualitatively analyzed to determine possible culture-specific norms based on their reasoning. In two of the three cases, culture-specific norms in line with assumptions could be identified. In the third case, researchers in both countries referred to an interculturally shared instructional norm. Differences between the reasoning in answers from Germany and Taiwan indicate further cultural influences in line with assumptions based on prior research. We discuss the findings and their implications for the validity of intercultural research in mathematics education.
Zebrafish larvae as a model for studying the impact of oral bacterial vesicles on tumor cell growth and metastasis
Authors: Metsäniitty Marjut , Hasnat Saika , Öhman Carina , Salo Tuula , Eklund Kari K. , Oscarsson Jan , Salem Abdelhakim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOral bacteria naturally secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have attracted attention for their promising biomedical applications including cancer therapeutics. However, our understanding of EV impact on tumor progression is hampered by limited in vivo models. In this study, we propose a facile in vivo platform for assessing the effect of EVs isolated from different bacterial strains on oral cancer growth and dissemination using the larval zebrafish model. EVs were isolated from: wild-type Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its mutant strains lacking the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen; and wild-type Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cancer cells pretreated with EVs were xenotransplanted into zebrafish larvae, wherein tumor growth and metastasis were screened. We further assessed the preferential sites for the metastatic foci development. Interestingly, EVs from the CDT-lacking A. actinomycetemcomitans resulted in an increased tumor growth, whereas EVs lacking the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen reduced the metastasis rate. P. gingivalis-derived EVs showed no significant effects. Cancer cells pretreated with EVs from the mutant A. actinomycetemcomitans strains tended to metastasize less often to the head and tail compared to the controls. In sum, the proposed approach provided cost- and labor-effective yet efficient model for studying bacterial EVs in oral carcinogenesis, which can be easily extended for other cancer types. Furthermore, our results support the notion that these nanosized particles may represent promising targets in cancer therapeutics.
Parental Alcohol Intoxication, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Negative Psychological Reactions to Childhood Adversities: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Data from the Population‑Based HUNT Study
Authors: Haugland Siri Håvås , Carvalho Barbara , Strandheim Arve , Stea Tonje Holte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildren growing up with alcohol-dependent parents have elevated risk for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), but few studies have assessed the adverse effects of occasional or frequent exposure to parental intoxication episodes. This study examined whether such exposure was associated with increased risk of ACEs and negative psychological reactions (NPRs) in adolescence and young adulthood. The study relied on cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway and included 2,230 adolescents (ages 13–19 years) followed up 11 years later. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect information about exposure to parental intoxication, ACEs, and NPRs in adolescence and NPRs in young adulthood. Seeing parents drunk occasionally was associated with increased odds of six ACEs (odds ratios 1.42 [95% confidence interval 1.17–1.73] to 2.08 [1.44–3.01]) and increased odds of one NPR in adolescence (1.46, 1.12–1.91) compared with those who had never seen their parents intoxicated. Compared with those who had never seen parents intoxicated, seeing parents intoxicated frequently was associated with increased odds of all ACEs measured (1.80 [1.00–3.23] to 3.27 [1.92–5.56]), two NPRs in adolescence (1.60 [1.02–2.50] and 2.06 [1.30–3.27]), one NPR in adulthood (3.56, 1.83–6.94), and the perception of childhood as difficult/very difficult (2.99, 1.51–5.93). In conclusion, exposure to intoxicated parents was associated with increased risk of ACEs and NPRs during childhood, even at low frequency. Frequent exposure to parental intoxication was also associated with NPR in young adulthood.
Holistic integrative medicine declaration
Authors: Fan Daiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHolistic integrative medicine, abbreviated as HIM, has been officially proposed since 2012. Its theoretical system has been continuously improved, and its practical methods have become increasingly diverse, becoming an inevitable choice and path for the medical development in the new era. This article demonstrates ten major propositions for HIM, elaborating on the connotation and extension of HIM from the perspectives of epistemology and methodology, in order to achieve the transformation and adaptive evolution of modern medicine.
Bistatic radar cross section estimation by using DDM for better spatial resolution of ocean surface wind speed
Authors: Yeh Wen-Hao , Tsai Yung-Fu , Lin Chen-Tsung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe delay-Doppler map (DDM) is the signal power distribution of the Coarse/Acquisition code (C/A code) of the received Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal in different code phase delay and Doppler frequency. When the received signal is reflected from ocean surface, the DDM can be used to retrieve the ocean surface wind speed, which is the GNSS-reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique. Due to the signal power distribution in DDM is the correlation results of received and artificial C/A code from receiver in different code phase delay and Doppler frequency, the Woodward ambiguity function (WAF) occurs in the DDM. In the case of DDM, the WAF is the correlation results of two square waves in different code phase delay and Doppler frequency, and is approximated a triangular function and a sinc function in code phase delay and Doppler frequency axes, respectively. It means the correlation results not only show the code phase delay and Doppler frequency of the received signal but also influence the surrounding code phase delay and Doppler frequency values and cause the structure of DDM more complex. Using more bins in DDM in the wind speed retrieval process can reduce the influence of WAF but cause the spatial resolution to worsen. In order to use as less bins as possible in the retrieval process and not reduce the retrieval efficiency too much, a simple method to estimate bistatic radar cross section (BRCS) from DDM is developed in this study. Furthermore, a retrieval process is also developed for ocean surface wind speed retrieving by using less bins in the DDM from Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission.