bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist semaglutide reduces atrial fibrillation incidence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Falasconi Giulio , Penela Diego , Francia Pietro , Sau Arunashis , Ng Fu Siong , Dusi Veronica , Castagno Davide , Gaita Fiorenzo , Berruezo Antonio , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are new anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs with proven cardiovascular (CV) benefit in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients at high CV risk. Despite a neutral class effect on arrhythmia risk, data on semaglutide suggest a possible drug‐specific benefit in reducing atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence.ObjectiveTo perform a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the risk of incident AF in patients treated with semaglutide compared to placebo.Methods and ResultsTen RCTs were included in the analysis. Study population encompassed 12,651 patients (7285 in semaglutide and 5366 in placebo arms), with median follow‐up of 68 months. A random effect meta‐analytic model was adopted to pool relative risk (RR) of incident AF. Semaglutide reduces the risk of AF by 42% (RR .58, 95% CI .40–.85), with low heterogeneity across the studies (I2 0%). At subgroup analysis, no differences emerged between oral and subcutaneous administration (oral: RR .53, 95% CI .23–1.24, I2 0%; subcutaneous: RR .59, 95% CI .39–.91, I2 0%; p‐value .83). In addition, meta‐regression analyses did not show any potential influence of baseline study covariates, in particular the proportion of diabetic patients (p‐value .14) and body mass index (BMI) (p‐value .60).ConclusionsSemaglutide significantly reduces the occurrence of incident AF by 42% as compared to placebo in individuals at high CV risk, mainly affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. This effect appears to be consistent independently of the route of administration of the drug (oral or subcutaneous), the presence of underlying diabetes and BMI.
Implications of altered pyramidal cell morphology on clinical symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Asad Zummar , Fakheir Yara , Abukhaled Yara , Khalil Reem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of pyramidal cells (PCs) in the mammalian cerebral cortex underscore their value as they play a crucial role in various brain functions, ranging from cognition, sensory processing, to motor output. PC morphology significantly influences brain connectivity and plays a critical role in maintaining normal brain function. Pathological alterations to PC morphology are thought to contribute to the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. This review explores the relationship between abnormalities in PC morphology in key cortical areas and the clinical manifestations in schizophrenia and ASD. We focus largely on human postmortem studies and provide evidence that dendritic segment length, complexity and spine density are differentially affected in these disorders. These morphological alterations can lead to disruptions in cortical connectivity, potentially contributing to the cognitive and behavioural deficits observed in these disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of investigating the functional and structural characteristics of PCs in these disorders to illuminate the underlying pathogenesis and stimulate further research in this area.
Fatigue performance of bonding‐assisted fillet weld roots by inserting adhesive material
Authors: Jiahao Mao , Mikihito Hirohata , Yifei Xu , Kyong‐Ho Chang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a novel method to prevent fatigue cracks at the root of fillet welds in steel bridge supports by inserting epoxy resin as an adhesive material. A total of 36 specimens, categorized into welded‐only and bonding‐assisted types, were subjected to a series of four‐point bending fatigue tests to simulate cyclic tensile stress conditions. Additionally, finite element analysis was employed to investigate the impact of epoxy insertion on stress distribution near the weld root. The results demonstrated that bonding‐assisted specimens exhibited significantly improved fatigue life compared to welded‐only specimens, with a notable reduction in tensile stress at the weld root. Furthermore, a displacement‐based method was employed to evaluate weld root fatigue performance, yielding consistent results. These findings highlight the potential of integrating adhesive bonding in fillet welds to improve the durability and service life of steel bridge structures by effectively mitigating fatigue‐related issues.
Political tax cycles in the US states: Opportunism versus ideological sincerity in governors' revenue proposals
Authors: Douglas James W. , Szmer John , Raudla Ringa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDo politicians behave opportunistically regarding their tax proposals during the election cycle, or do they maintain ideological sincerity? We examine U.S. governors' revenue proposals between the years of 1989 and 2018 to assess gubernatorial behavior during election years. We find that governors, in general, do indeed follow a political budget cycle where they request lower revenues during election years. However, this finding is largely driven by Democratic governors asking for significantly lower revenues during election years when compared to non‐election years. Republican governors are more ideologically sincere, maintaining behaviors that are consistent across the election cycle.
Political corruption, political responsiveness and public trust: Testing the implicit exchange hypothesis
Authors: Potipiroon Wisanupong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe question of why electoral punishment of corrupt politicians fails to materialize continues to captivate scholars and practitioners. In this research, I draw upon implicit exchange theory to demonstrate that corrupt politicians may retain public trust if they are seen as responsive to the constituency. Analyses of survey data from 590 local business owners in two municipalities in Thailand reveal that political corruption negatively affected public trust, while political responsiveness had a positive effect. Furthermore, as expected, political responsiveness neutralized the trust‐eroding effect of political corruption. Specifically, citizens showed higher levels of trust for politicians perceived as “corrupt but responsive” than for those considered “less corrupt but less responsive.” The results were observed after considering the influence of politician competence and local government performance. These findings paint a rather somber view, suggesting that political corruption in the presence of political responsiveness may create a “façade” of politicians' trustworthiness.
Equitable Care for Children With a Tracheostomy: Addressing Challenges and Seeking Systemic Solutions
Authors: Sherman Jules , Zalzal Habib , Bower Kyle 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren with medical complexity (CMC) often face significant barriers to accessing care, obtaining appropriate insurance coverage for medical devices, technology, supplies, home nursing and social services. These challenges, when viewed through the lens of social determinants of health, highlight concerns about healthcare inequity. These inequities can impact CMC by limiting access to follow‐up appointments, leading to disproportionate use of emergency department services, restricting support services, reducing the quality of medical products and increasing the likelihood of adverse events. Addressing these concerns requires comprehensive policy changes at both state and federal levels. Achieving successful collaborations between states and federal agencies is particularly challenging and may take months or even years to accomplish.ObjectivesThrough an exploratory qualitative approach, this study facilitates a nuanced inquiry into the experiences and systemic challenges encountered by medical professionals and primary caregivers managing CMC who require a paediatric tracheostomy.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 17 health professionals and primary caregivers residing in the United States. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcribed interview data.ResultsUsing exploratory thematic analysis, we identified challenges and opportunities for improvement regarding (a) access to health insurance, (b) procurement of essential medical supplies, (c) logistical constraints and (d) identifying interim solutions.ConclusionBuilding on our findings, we discuss how socioecological factors impact health and quality of life of CMC and families. Additionally, we address the growing gap in quality of care through a comprehensive approach that considers patient needs, regulatory frameworks and affordability.Patient or Public ContributionMedical practitioners and healthcare professionals were actively involved in the development, production and implementation of the research project. These individuals were given the opportunity to review their statements and review the manuscript before publishing. While caregivers did not engage in member checking, each provided their consent before data collection.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis on prevalence and anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition
Authors: Marschner Felix , Kanzow Philipp , Wiegand Annette 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundErosive tooth wear is a multifactorial and common condition in children.AimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and key risk factors for erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition of children up to 7 years of age.DesignElectronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched in February 2023 for observational studies reporting prevalence and anamnestic risk factors. Additionally, a manual hand search was performed. Meta‐analyses were conducted for the prevalence and odds ratios of identified risk factors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale modified for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsA total of 26 sources, reporting on 23 studies, were included in the systematic review. The overall estimated prevalence of children with erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition amounted to 35.6% (95% CI: 24.8–48.1). Anamnestic factors were structured into domains. Meta‐analyses revealed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; padj. = .008; OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.37–2.87), consumption of acidic food (padj. < .001; OR = 5.14, 95% CI: 3.56–7.42) and acidic drinks (padj. < .001; OR = 6.90, 95% CI: 4.64–10.25), holding beverages in the mouth while drinking (padj. = .035; OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.26–2.63), and snacking regularly (padj. = .041; OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.18–2.10) to be significantly associated with erosive tooth wear.ConclusionFuture research should use standardized questionnaires to assess erosive tooth wear and its underlying risk factors (PROSPERO: CRD4202339776).
Optimizing microwave dielectric properties of low‐temperature sintered Sr/Zn‐substituted BaMg2V2O8 by mixing with TiO2
Authors: Ullah Burhan , Appiah Millicent , Xiao Yuting , Yang Yixing , Tan Daniel Q. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBa1 − xSrxMg2 − yZnyV2O8 compounds, abbreviated as BSMZVO@xy (x = 0.0–0.2 and y = 0.02), were synthesized with tetragonal structures. The microstructure, molecular structure, and polarization mechanism were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, electronic microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and vector network analyzer. The sintering temperatures (<900°C) and microwave dielectric properties of BSMZVO are significantly impacted by (Sr/Zn)2+ substitution and TiO2 mixing. The BSMZVO@xy (x = 0.15 and y = 0.02) exhibited encouraging εr (12.4–12.7), Q × f (40 054–40 973 GHz), and temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf ∼ −5.2 to 0.0 ppm/°C) after sintering at 860°C/4 h and 800°C/4 h. For the first time, TiO2 was added to enhance the density and Q × f value without degrading τf. The 0.25 wt.% TiO2 resulted in optimum εr of 13.4, Q × f of 43 636 GHz, and τf of +1.8 ppm/°C after sintering at 760°C/4 h. The improved quality factor (Q × f) is linked to the Raman A1g mode and relative density.
E‐health literacy in stroke patients: Latent profile analysis and influencing factors
Authors: Xue Menghan , Wang Qian , Wang Jiajia , Ge Song , Zhang Zhenxiang , Mei Yongxia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThis study sought to explore latent categories of electronic health (e‐health) literacy among stroke patients and analyse its influencing factors.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive exploratory design with the STROBE reporting checklist was applied.MethodsBetween July and October 2020, 558 stroke participants from three tertiary care hospitals in Henan Province, China, were recruited using a convenience sampling method. A general information questionnaire and the Electronic Health Literacy Scale were used to collect their socio‐demographic information and e‐health literacy. Latent profile analysis was used to analyse latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse factors influencing latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients.ResultsThree latent categories of e‐health literacy existed, including the low e‐health literacy group, the low application‐high decision‐making group and the high literacy‐low decision‐making group. Multiple logistic regression showed that education level, presence of comorbidities, willingness to interact with people with mental illness, health information sources, frequency of Internet access, frequency of health information inquiry and willingness to receive remote care were predictors of the participants' latent categories of e‐health literacy.ConclusionThree latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients exist, and each latent category's characteristics should be considered while developing health education programmes. It is imperative that healthcare providers understand the requirement of creating tailored and efficient health education programmes for various categories of stroke patients to enhance their e‐health literacy.ImpactIt is imperative to improve Chinese stroke patients' overall e‐health literacy. We categorized stroke patients' e‐health literacy using advanced LPA. These findings hold implications for healthcare approaches, contributing to the enhancement of stroke patients' e‐health literacy, enabling them to apply the acquired e‐health information to manage and solve their own health issues.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Identification of two key biomarkers CD93 and FGL2 associated with survival of acute myeloid leukaemia by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Han Haijun , Liu Jie , Zhu Shengyu , Zhao Tiejun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous haematological malignancy. This study was performed to identify the potential biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment of AML. We applied weighted gene co‐expression network analysis to identify key modules and hub genes related to the prognosis of AML using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In total, 1581 differentially expressed genes (1096 upregulated and 485 downregulated) were identified between AML patients and healthy controls, with the blue module being the most significant among 14 modules associated with AML morphology. Through functional enrichment analysis, we identified 217 genes in the blue module significantly enriched in ‘neutrophil degranulation’ and ‘neutrophil activation involved in immune response’ pathways. The survival analysis revealed six genes (S100A9, S100A8, HK3, CD93, CXCR2 and FGL2) located in the significantly enriched pathway that were notably related to AML survival. We validated the expression of these six genes at gene and single‐cell levels and identified methylation loci of each gene, except for S100A8. Finally, in vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate whether the identified hub genes were associated with AML survival. After knockdown of CD93 and FGL2, cell proliferation was significantly reduced in U937 cell line over 5 days. In summary, we identified CD93 and FGL2 as key hub genes related to AML survival, with FGL2 being a novel biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of AML.
Designing a behaviour change intervention using COM‐B and the Behaviour Change Wheel: Co‐designing the Healthy Gut Diet for preventing gestational diabetes
Authors: Meloncelli Nina , O'Connor Hannah , de Jersey Susan , Rushton Alita , Pateman Kelsey , Gallaher Samantha , Kearney Lauren , Wilkinson Shelley 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that modulating the gut microbiota during pregnancy may help prevent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Healthy Gut Diet study is a complex behaviour change intervention co‐designed with women who have a lived experience of GDM. The aim of the study was to describe the development of the behaviour change dietary intervention, the Healthy Gut Diet.MethodsThis study followed the process for designing behaviour change interventions using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Six researchers and 12 women with lived experience participated in online workshops to co‐design the Healthy Gut Diet intervention. This included “diagnosing” the barriers and enablers to two target behaviours: eating more plant foods and eating less ultra processed/saturated fat containing foods. Content analysis of the workshop transcripts and activities was undertaken, underpinned by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM‐B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).ResultsBarriers and enablers to the target behaviours were described across all six COM‐B components and 10 TDF domains. The intervention functions for the Healthy Gut Diet were education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion and incentivisation. Forty behaviour change techniques were integrated into five modes of delivery for the Healthy Gut Diet intervention. The feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the Healthy Gut Diet is being tested within a randomised controlled trial.ConclusionsUsing the Behaviour Change Wheel process in partnership with consumers resulted in a clearly described complex intervention targeting barriers and enablers of dietary behaviour change to improve the gut microbiota diversity in pregnant women.
Optimizing pain management in breast cancer care: Utilizing ‘All of Us’ data and deep learning to identify patients at elevated risk for chronic pain
Authors: Park Jung In , Johnson Steven , Pruinelli Lisiane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to develop a prediction model using deep learning approach to identify breast cancer patients at high risk for chronic pain.DesignThis study was a retrospective, observational study.MethodsWe used demographic, diagnosis, and social survey data from the NIH ‘All of Us’ program and used a deep learning approach, specifically a Transformer‐based time‐series classifier, to develop and evaluate our prediction model.ResultsThe final dataset included 1131 patients. We evaluated the deep learning prediction model, which achieved an accuracy of 72.8% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 82.0%, demonstrating high performance.ConclusionOur research represents a significant advancement in predicting chronic pain among breast cancer patients, leveraging deep learning model. Our unique approach integrates both time‐series and static data for a more comprehensive understanding of patient outcomes.Clinical RelevanceOur study could enhance early identification and personalized management of chronic pain in breast cancer patients using a deep learning‐based prediction model, reducing pain burden and improving outcomes.
Predicting the fetal weight by ultrasonography for isolated polyhydramnios: Comparison of 14 formulas
Authors: Yılmaz Ergani Seval , Çakır Betül Tokgöz , Akay Arife , Ulusoy Can Ozan , Akdaş Reis Yıldız , Sarsmaz Kemal , Örgül Gökçen , Esin Sertaç , Çağlar Ali Turhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo recalculate the estimated fetal weight (EFW) based on ultrasound measurements in patients complicated with isolated polyhydramnios, using 14 current formulas to observe which formula better predicts the EFW.MethodsThis study examined pregnant women who gave birth in the hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. Maximum vertical pocket (MVP) was classified as, mild, moderate, and severe polyhydramnios, and the patients' measurements were reanalyzed using 14 formulas. The estimation of birth weight (EBW) alongside observed birth weight (OBW) facilitated the computation of statistical indices, namely the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) expressed as [(EBW – OBW)/OBW × 100], the mean percentage error (MPE) denoted as (EBW – OBW)/(OBW × 100), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 564 polyhydramnios patients were included in the study. When looking at the MAPE, the lowest rate (7.65) was found in the Hadlock 2 formula. Hadlock 1, Hadlock 3, and Shinozuka formulas demonstrated MAPE values most closely aligned with Hadlock 2. Weiner I and Thurnau were the formulas with the highest MAPE values. When the cut‐off values for MAPE were taken as 10%, 4/14 of the formulas (Weiner I–II, Vintzleos and Thurnau) gave results above 10%. Among 14 formulas, 3 (21.4%) had positive (sonographic overestimation) (Hadlock 3, Shinozuka, and Vintzleos) and the other 11 (78.6%) had negative MPE (sonographic underestimation).ConclusionThe Hadlock 2 formula had the lowest MAPE in predicting birth weight in patients with polyhydramnios, closely followed by the Hadlock 1, Hadlock 3, and Shinozuka formulas.
Emotion regulation and self‐control: Same same but different… and even incompatible?
Authors: Wenzel Mario , Rowland Zarah , Bürgler Sebastian , Hennecke Marie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe explore the idea that inhibitory self‐control and prohedonic emotion regulation may be incompatible concerns.BackgroundSpecifically, we propose that because some forms of self‐control involve denying oneself hedonic pleasures, it may lead to negative affect. Because people may then prioritize emotion regulation over self‐control, negative affect may in turn lead to emotion regulation efforts, specifically the use of emotion regulation strategies, and an increased likelihood of self‐control failure.MethodTo explore the relationship between emotion regulation and self‐control in daily life, we conducted a secondary analysis of a 6‐week, 6‐signal‐per‐day ambulatory assessment data set (N = 125 participants with a total of 22,845 completed measurement occasions).ResultsConsistent with our predictions, we found that self‐control efforts of resisting a pleasurable desire led to significantly increased subsequent negative affect, which, in turn, led to significantly increased emotion regulation efforts and to significantly more likely self‐control failures.ConclusionsWe found evidence for the notion that inhibitory self‐control and prohedonic emotion regulation are, on average, somewhat incompatible concerns. We discuss our findings in the context of other phenomena in which emotion regulation concerns may conflict with the pursuit of other goals.