bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth‐aware divisible task scheduling for cloud computing
Authors: Lin Weiwei , Liang Chen , Wang James Z. , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYTask scheduling is a fundamental issue in achieving high efficiency in cloud computing. However, it is a big challenge for efficient scheduling algorithm design and implementation (as general scheduling problem is NP‐complete). Most existing task‐scheduling methods of cloud computing only consider task resource requirements for CPU and memory, without considering bandwidth requirements. In order to obtain better performance, in this paper, we propose a bandwidth‐aware algorithm for divisible task scheduling in cloud‐computing environments. A nonlinear programming model for the divisible task‐scheduling problem under the bounded multi‐port model is presented. By solving this model, the optimized allocation scheme that determines proper number of tasks assigned to each virtual resource node is obtained. On the basis of the optimized allocation scheme, a heuristic algorithm for divisible load scheduling, called bandwidth‐aware task‐scheduling (BATS) algorithm, is proposed. The performance of algorithm is evaluated using CloudSim toolkit. Experimental result shows that, compared with the fair‐based task‐scheduling algorithm, the bandwidth‐only task‐scheduling algorithm, and the computation‐only task‐scheduling algorithm, the proposed algorithm (BATS) has better performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcription Elongation Factor Tcea3 Regulates the Pluripotent Differentiation Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Via the Lefty1-Nodal-Smad2 Pathway
Authors: Park Kyung-Soon , Cha Young , Kim Chun-Hyung , Ahn Hee-Jin , Kim Dohoon , Ko Sanghyeok , Kim Kyeoung-Hwa , Chang Mi-Yoon , Ko Jong-Hyun , Noh Yoo-Sun , Han Yong-Mahn , Kim Jonghwan , Song Jihwan , Kim Jin Young , Tesar Paul J. , Lanza Robert , Lee Kyung-Ah , Kim Kwang-Soo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Self-renewal and pluripotency are hallmark properties of pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and iPS cells. Previous studies revealed the ESC-specific core transcription circuitry and showed that these core factors (e.g., Oct3/4, Sox2, and Nanog) regulate not only self-renewal but also pluripotent differentiation. However, it remains elusive how these two cell states are regulated and balanced during in vitro replication and differentiation. Here, we report that the transcription elongation factor Tcea3 is highly enriched in mouse ESCs (mESCs) and plays important roles in regulating the differentiation. Strikingly, altering Tcea3 expression in mESCs did not affect self-renewal under nondifferentiating condition; however, upon exposure to differentiating cues, its overexpression impaired in vitro differentiation capacity, and its knockdown biased differentiation toward mesodermal and endodermal fates. Furthermore, we identified Lefty1 as a downstream target of Tcea3 and showed that the Tcea3-Lefty1-Nodal-Smad2 pathway is an innate program critically regulating cell fate choices between self-replication and differentiation commitment. Together, we propose that Tcea3 critically regulates pluripotent differentiation of mESCs as a molecular rheostat of Nodal-Smad2/3 signaling.
Concise Review: Bone Marrow Meets Blastocyst: Lessons from an Unlikely Encounter
Authors: Binas Bert , Verfaillie Catherine M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article discusses the implications of the recent discovery that rat bone marrow-derived multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPCs), a cell type with broad somatic differentiation potential but of uncertain lineage identity, are similar to rat blastocyst-derived extraembryonic endoderm precursor (rXENP) cells, which appear to represent the committed extraembryonic endoderm precursor of the blastocyst. It was found that under rMAPC culture conditions, rXENP cells can be homogeneously cultured and similar cells, named rat hypoblast stem cells (rHypoSCs), can be derived from rat blastocysts more rapidly and directly. The detailed comparison of rHypoSCs, rXENP cells, and rMAPCs revealed highly similar gene expression profiles and developmental potentials. The significance of these findings for embryology, stem cell biology, and medicine is discussed. Specifically, the results assign a lineage identity to rMAPCs, indicate that rMAPCs originated by environmental reprogramming, and imply that HypoSCs, XENP cells, and MAPCs possess lineage plasticity. The MAPC-HypoSC relation also strengthens the consistency of rat and mouse embryology and consequently the idea that HypoSCs represent the committed extraembryonic endoderm precursor of the blastocyst. On this basis, it is argued that the direct comparison of HypoSCs (now available in pure form) with embryonic stem cells will be highly useful for the understanding of pluripotency and plasticity. Finally, the new findings suggest an explanation for an obscure observation on stem cell-induced transplantation tolerance. Thus, the HypoSC/XENP/MAPC phenotype provides a unique but broadly instructive model with which to study stem cell plasticity, reprogramming, and transplantation tolerance, all central themes in regenerative medicine. STEM CELLS2013;31:620–626
Differentially Activated Macrophages Orchestrate Myogenic Precursor Cell Fate During Human Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Saclier Marielle , Yacoub-Youssef Houda , Mackey Abigail L. , Arnold Ludovic , Ardjoune Hamida , Magnan Mélanie , Sailhan Frédéric , Chelly Jamel , Pavlath Grace K. , Mounier Rémi , Kjaer Michael , Chazaud Bénédicte 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Macrophages (MPs) exert either beneficial or deleterious effects on tissue repair, depending on their activation/polarization state. They are crucial for adult skeletal muscle repair, notably by acting on myogenic precursor cells. However, these interactions have not been fully characterized. Here, we explored both in vitro and in vivo, in human, the interactions of differentially activated MPs with myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) during adult myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. We showed in vitro that through the differential secretion of cytokines and growth factors, proinflammatory MPs inhibited MPC fusion while anti-inflammatory MPs strongly promoted MPC differentiation by increasing their commitment into differentiated myocytes and the formation of mature myotubes. Furthermore, the in vivo time course of expression of myogenic and MP markers was studied in regenerating human healthy muscle after damage. We observed that regenerating areas containing proliferating MPCs were preferentially associated with MPs expressing proinflammatory markers. In the same muscle, regenerating areas containing differentiating myogenin-positive MPCs were preferentially coupled to MPs harboring anti-inflammatory markers. These data demonstrate for the first time in human that MPs sequentially orchestrate adult myogenesis during regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle. These results support the emerging concept that inflammation, through MP activation, controls stem cell fate and coordinates tissue repair.
Complete versus culprit‐only revascularization during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Cong , Huang Hao , Li Jing , Zhao Jianxun , Zhang Qing , Zeng Zhi , Chen Yucheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractComplete versus culprit‐only revascularization in acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease is controversial. Current guidelines recommend treatment of the culprit artery alone during the primary procedure. However, with improvements in stent technique and with the use of new antiplatelet drugs (GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors), complete revascularization (CR) at an early stage is attracting increasing attention. We conducted an English language search on Medline (PubMed database), Embase, and the Cochrane databases between January 1966 and January 2011, as well as a search on the China National Knowledge Internet (1979–January 2011), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (1978–January 2011). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non‐RCTs that compared the two strategies in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease (MVD) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. Thirteen articles were selected, 8240 patients in the CR group and 51,998 in the culprit‐only revascularization group. CR was associated with an increased short‐term mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.26, 1.53)], a long‐term mortality [OR = 1.35, 95% CI = (1.09, 1.67)], and an increased risk of renal failure [OR (95% CI) = 1.24 (1.11, 1.38)] in patients with STEMI and MVD at the primary procedure. In addition, CR did not reduce the rate of short‐term major adverse cardiac events [OR (95% CI) = 1.52 (0.88, 2.61)] and remyocardial infarction [OR = 0.57, 95% CI = (0.25, 1.29)]. However, CR was associated with a marked reduction in the rate of revascularization [OR = 0.45, 95% CI = (0.27, 0.74)]. This analysis of current available data demonstrates that CR during primary PCI can put those patients with STEMI and MVD at risk. To clarify this issue, large RCTs are needed.
Leptin increases HER2 protein levels through a STAT3‐mediated up‐regulation of Hsp90 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Giordano Cinzia , Vizza Donatella , Panza Salvatore , Barone Ines , Bonofiglio Daniela , Lanzino Marilena , Sisci Diego , De Amicis Francesca , Fuqua Suzanne A.W. , Catalano Stefania , Andò Sebastiano 
Published: November 2012

Obesity condition confers risks to breast cancer development and progression, and several reports indicate that the adipokine leptin, whose synthesis and plasma levels increase with obesity, might play an important role in modulating breast cancer cell phenotype. Functional crosstalk occurring between leptin and different signaling molecules contribute to breast carcinogenesis.In this study, we show, in different human breast cancer cell lines, that leptin enhanced the expression of a chaperone protein Hsp90 resulting in increased HER2 protein levels. Silencing of Hsp90 gene expression by RNA interference abrogated leptin‐mediated HER2 up‐regulation. Leptin effects were dependent on JAK2/STAT3 activation, since inhibition of this signaling cascade by AG490 or ectopic expression of a STAT3 dominant negative abrogated leptin‐induced HER2 and Hsp90 expressions. Functional experiments showed that leptin treatment significantly up‐regulated human Hsp90 promoter activity. This occurred through an enhanced STAT3 transcription factor binding to its specific responsive element located in the Hsp90 promoter region as revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Analysis of HER2, Akt and MAPK phosphorylation levels revealed that leptin treatment amplified the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to growth factor stimulation. Furthermore, we found that long‐term leptin exposure reduced sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the antiestrogen tamoxifen. In the same experimental conditions, the combined treatment of tamoxifen with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐AAG completely abrogated leptin‐induced anchorage‐independent breast cancer cell growth.In conclusion, our results highlight, for the first time, the ability of the adipocyte‐secreted factor leptin to modulate Hsp90/HER2 expressions in breast cancer cells providing novel insights into the molecular mechanism linking obesity to breast cancer growth and progression.
Hip Fracture−Related Pain Strongly Influences Functional Performance of Patients With an Intertrochanteric Fracture Upon Discharge From the Hospital
Authors: Kristensen Morten Tange 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo examine whether functional performance upon hospital discharge is influenced by pain in the region of the hip fracture or related to the fracture type.DesignProspective observational study.SettingA 20‐bed orthopedic hip fracture unit.PatientsFifty‐five cognitively intact patients (20 men and 35 women; ages 75.8 ± 10 years), 33 with a cervical hip fracture and 22 with an intertrochanteric hip fracture, all of whom were allowed to bear full weight after surgery.MethodsAll patients were evaluated upon discharge from the hospital to their own homes at a mean of 10 ± 6 days after surgery.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, supervised by a physical therapist, was used to evaluate functional performance, and a 5‐point verbal ranking scale (0 = no pain to 4 = intolerable pain) was used to evaluate pain.ResultsPatients took an average of 22.7 ± 11.7 seconds to perform the TUG. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics or pain medication given for patients with a cervical versus an intertrochanteric fracture (P ≥ .22), but patients with an intertrochanteric fracture presented more often with moderate to severe pain during testing (P < .001), with associated poorer performances on the TUG test (29.4 ± 12.8 seconds versus 18.3 ± 8.5 seconds). Univariate analysis showed that TUG scores were associated with age, prefracture function evaluated by the New Mobility Score, fracture type, day of TUG performance, and pain intensity. Multivariate linear regression analyses (fracture type not included) showed that only greater age (B = 0.34), low prefracture function (B = 7.9), and experiencing moderate to severe pain (B = 8.7) were independently associated with having a poorer TUG score.ConclusionsHip fracture−related pain primarily compromises the functional performance of patients with an intertrochanteric hip fracture upon discharge from hospital. Physical therapists should be involved in new and optimized fracture‐type stratified pain management strategies.
Evaluating the Impact of Training Health Professionals to Deliver Brief Motivational and Skills-Based Interventions for Cannabis Use Disorder
Authors: Alperstein Dion , Copeland Jan 
Published: November 2012

Background: While there is considerable evidence that brief motivational and skills-based interventions for substance use are effective, little is known regarding the transfer of knowledge from research to practice. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two half-day didactic clinical training workshops for allied health workers, which did not incorporate feedback or supervision, via independent follow-up three months post training.Methods: In total, 1322 participants attended either or both of the evidence-based treatment workshops run by the National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre. Of those participants, 495 (37%) completed an online follow-up evaluation three months later regarding their use of the newly learnt intervention(s).Results: At follow-up, 270 (54.5%) participants had an opportunity to use the skills and 144 (53.3%) of those participants reported having used the clinical skills taught in the workshop. Of those who used one of the interventions, 90 (62.5%) participants reported their clients had reduced or quit their cannabis use. Furthermore, 43 (30%) of these participants had attempted to train others in the workplace in the techniques learnt in the workshop.Conclusion: Even a half-day didactic clinical training workshop on evidence-based brief cognitive–behavioural techniques delivered to clinicians working in the field can improve knowledge and confidence among clinicians and outcomes among their clients with cannabis use related problems.
THE COMPLEXITY OF RIEMANN SURFACES AND THE HURWITZ EXISTENCE PROBLEM
Authors: CRUZ-COTA ALDO-HILARIO , RAMIREZ-ROSAS TERESITA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThecomplexityof a branched cover of a Riemann surfaceMto the Riemann sphereS2is defined as its degree times the hyperbolic area of the complement of its branching set inS2. ThecomplexityofMis defined as the infimum of the complexities of all branched covers ofMtoS2. We prove that ifMis a connected, closed, orientable Riemann surface of genusg≥1, then its complexity equals 2π(mmin+2g−2) , wheremminis the minimum total length of a branch datum realisable by a branched coverp:M→S2.
ON THE ORDER OF ARC-STABILISERS IN ARC-TRANSITIVE GRAPHS, II
Authors: VERRET GABRIEL 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLet $\Gamma $ be a $G$-vertex-transitive graph and let $(u,v)$ be an arc of $\Gamma $. It is known that if the local action $G_v^{\Gamma (v)}$ (the permutation group induced by $G_v$ on $\Gamma (v)$) is permutation isomorphic to the dihedral group of degree four, then either $|G_{uv}|$ is ‘small’ with respect to the order of $\Gamma $ or $\Gamma $is one of a family of well-understood graphs. In this paper, we generalise this result to a wider class of local actions.
P-SPACES AND THE VOLTERRA PROPERTY
Authors: SPADARO SANTI 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe study the relationship between generalisations ofP-spaces and Volterra (weakly Volterra) spaces, that is, spaces where every two denseGδhave dense (nonempty) intersection. In particular, we prove that every dense and every open, but not every closed subspace of an almostP-space is Volterra and that there are Tychonoff nonweakly Volterra weakP-spaces. These results should be compared with the fact that everyP-space is hereditarily Volterra. As a byproduct we obtain an example of a hereditarily Volterra space and a hereditarily Baire space whose product is not weakly Volterra. We also show an example of a Hausdorff space which contains a nonweakly Volterra subspace and is both a weakP-space and an almostP-space.
ESTRADA INDEX OF GENERAL WEIGHTED GRAPHS
Authors: SHANG YILUN 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLet $G$ be a general weighted graph (with possible self-loops) on $n$ vertices and $\lambda _1,\lambda _2,\ldots ,\lambda _n$ be its eigenvalues. The Estrada index of $G$ is a graph invariant defined as $EE=\sum _{i=1}^ne^{\lambda _i}$. We present a generic expression for $EE$ based on weights of short closed walks in $G$. We establish lower and upper bounds for $EE$in terms of low-order spectral moments involving the weights of closed walks. A concrete example of calculation is provided.
CENTRALISERS IN THE INFINITE SYMMETRIC INVERSE SEMIGROUP
Authors: KONIECZNY JANUSZ 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFor an arbitrary set$X$(finite or infinite), denote by$\mathcal {I}(X)$the symmetric inverse semigroup of partial injective transformations on$X$. For$ \alpha \in \mathcal {I}(X)$, let$C(\alpha )=\{ \beta \in \mathcal {I}(X): \alpha \beta = \beta \alpha \}$be the centraliser of$ \alpha $in$\mathcal {I}(X)$. For an arbitrary$ \alpha \in \mathcal {I}(X)$, we characterise the transformations$ \beta \in \mathcal {I}(X)$that belong to$C( \alpha )$, describe the regular elements of$C(\alpha )$, and establish when$C( \alpha )$is an inverse semigroup and when it is a completely regular semigroup. In the case where$\operatorname {dom}( \alpha )=X$, we determine the structure of$C(\alpha )$in terms of Green’s relations.
The effect of at-birth vitamin A supplementation on differential leucocyte counts and in vitro cytokine production: an immunological study nested within a randomised trial in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Jørgensen Mathias J. , Fisker Ane B. , Sartono Erliyani , Andersen Andreas , Erikstrup Christian , Lisse Ida M. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Aaby Peter , Benn Christine S. 
Published: November 2012

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) at birth was not associated with improved survival in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau. However, a negative sex-differential effect, which became evident after diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP) vaccination, was noted; among girls who had received DTP, VAS at birth was associated with two-fold higher mortality than placebo. The objective of the present study was to investigate the immunological effects of VAS at birth within a subgroup of participants in the randomised trial. Guided by the mortality results, we further explored whether VAS had a differential effect according to sex and DTP status. At 6 weeks after randomisation and supplementation, we measured differential leucocyte counts and TNF-α, interferon-γ, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-5 production in a whole-blood culture assay. A total of 471 children were included. VAS compared with placebo at birth was associated with a higher proportion of monocytes (relative risk ratio 1·26, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·49, P= 0·04), while spontaneous TNF-α production was lower in the VAS group (geometric mean ratio 0·54, 95 % CI, 0·37, 0·78, P= 0·001). Stratified analysis showed that VAS was associated with lower TNF-α and IL-10 production for girls without DTP and boys with DTP, resulting in significant three-way interactions between VAS, sex and DTP vaccination status (P= 0·03 and P= 0·04, respectively) for spontaneous TNF-α and IL-10 production. The results substantiate the potential role of VAS as an immunomodulatory intervention, which has different effects depending on concomitant health interventions and the sex of the recipient.
Dietary folate does not significantly affect the intestinal microbiome, inflammation or tumorigenesis in azoxymethane–dextran sodium sulphate-treated mice
Authors: MacFarlane Amanda J. , Behan Nathalie A. , Matias Fernando M. G. , Green Judy , Caldwell Don , Brooks Stephen P. J. 
Published: November 2012

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Environmental factors including diet and the microflora influence disease outcome. Folate and homocysteine have been associated with IBD-mediated colon cancer but their roles remain unclear. We used a model of chemically induced ulcerative colitis (dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)) with or without the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) to determine the impact of dietary folic acid (FA) on colonic microflora and the development of colon tumours. Male mice (n 15 per group) were fed a FA-deficient (0 mg/kg), control (2 mg/kg) or FA-supplemented (8 mg/kg) diet for 12 weeks. Folate status was dependent on the diet (P< 0·001) and colitis-induced treatment (P= 0·04) such that mice with colitis had lower circulating folate. FA had a minimal effect on tumour initiation, growth and progression, although FA-containing diets tended to be associated with a higher tumour prevalence in DSS-treated mice (7–20 v. 0 %, P= 0·08) and the development of more tumours in the distal colon of AOM-treated mice (13–83 % increase, P= 0·09). Folate deficiency was associated with hyperhomocysteinaemia (P< 0·001) but homocysteine negatively correlated with tumour number (r − 0·58, P= 0·02) and load (r − 0·57, P= 0·02). FA had no effect on the intestinal microflora. The present data indicate that FA intake has no or little effect on IBD or IBD-mediated colon cancer in this model and that hyperhomocysteinaemia is a biomarker of dietary status and malabsorption rather than a cause of IBD-mediated colon cancer.