bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cambogin Induces Caspase-Independent Apoptosis through the ROS/JNK Pathway and Epigenetic Regulation in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Shen Kaikai , Xie Jianling , Wang Hua , Zhang Hong , Yu Mengyuan , Lu Fangfang , Tan Hongsheng , Xu Hongxi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Cambogin is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphoroglucinol (PPAP) from the Garcinia genus, which has been used traditionally for cancer treatment across Southeastern Asia. In this study, we found that cambogin inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Cambogin induced the activation of the caspase-independent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as indicated by an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry revealed that the expression of proteins involving in the radical oxygen species (ROS) pathway was among the most affected upon cambogin treatment. Cambogin enhanced cellular ROS production, and induced the activation of the ASK1–MKK4/MKK7–JNK/SAPK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, or the JNK inhibitor SP600125 was able to restore cell viability in the presence of cambogin. Importantly, cambogin treatment led to the activation of activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) and the trimethylation of histone H3K9 in the activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding region of the Bcl-2 gene promoter. Finally, cambogin exhibited a potential antitumor effect in MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts without apparent toxicity. Taken in conjunction, the present study indicates that cambogin can induce breast adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis and therefore represents therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(7); 1738–49. ©2015 AACR.
Abstract A23: Development and initial feedback about a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine comic book for adolescents
Authors: Katz Mira L. , Goodwin Jennifer , Reiter Paul L. , Ruffin Mack T. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose. Adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates do not meet the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%, thus interventions to improve vaccination rates are needed. Focus groups of parents assisting in the development of an intervention to improve HPV vaccination rates suggested that an educational tool for young adolescents be included in the intervention. Parents recommended a comic book format, and provided input into the development of a theoretically-based story.
Methods. We conducted a pilot study to obtain initial feedback about a HPV vaccine comic book among parents (n=20) and their adolescents (ages 9 to 14) recruited from a community-based organization. Three adolescents did not participate because of lack of time, difficulty reading, and parental refusal. Parents completed a pre-post test including items addressing HPV knowledge, HPV vaccine attitudes, and about the content of the comic book. Adolescents (n=17) completed a brief interview after reading the comic book.
Results. After reading the comic book, HPV knowledge improved (2.7 to 4.6 correct answers on a 0-5 scale; p&lt;0.01) and more positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination (p&lt;0.05) were reported among parents. Most parents confirmed that the comic book's content was acceptable. Adolescents liked the story, found it easy to read, and thought the comic book was a good way to learn about being healthy.
Conclusions. Parents provided valuable information in the development of a theoretically-based comic book and the comic book appears to be an acceptable format for providing HPV vaccine information to young adolescents. A comic book format as an educational tool may provide important health information to adolescents. Future research will include the comic book in a study of an intervention to improve HPV vaccination rates among adolescents.
Citation Format: Mira L. Katz, Jennifer Goodwin, Paul L. Reiter, Mack T. Ruffin, IV, Electra D. Paskett. Development and initial feedback about a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine comic book for adolescents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A23. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A23
Abstract A36: Community involvement in prevention research: A model for reducing cancer disparities
Authors: Parker Dorothy F. , Kelley Tracy , Thompson Eric , Kobetz Erin N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This presentation describes a campus-community partnership established to address cancer disparities in a medically-underserved neighborhood within a large metropolitan urban area. Over the past several decades, the historically African American area has become increasingly isolated and disenfranchised due to demographic changes in surrounding communities. Pilot studies we conducted show higher than expected mortality rates from certain cancers, a high rate of behaviors that increase their risk for cancer (e.g., tobacco use), and a low rate of routine cancer screening and timely access to cancer treatment. As part of our university cancer center's cancer control and community research initiative to decrease local disparities, we created a network of Community Advisory Boards (CAB) throughout our catchment area. The CAB described here was developed to address documented cancer disparities in an area in close proximity to the university's medical campus. We identified community leaders and conducted 20 key informant interviews. With guidance from the CAB, we conducted a door-to-door survey of 250 randomly-selected households in a public housing development to assess community needs related to cancer and barriers to accessing services. A community-based participatory research (CBPR) model was used to engage the community and establish an economic partnership that benefits the community. Benefits include services and employment opportunities. Employing residents as research assistants has been found to maximize recruitment and community acceptance. To date, funded investigations have been conducted on the following: reducing the high prevalence of tobacco use, early detection of oral cancers using biomarkers, stress management for cancer survivors, and screening for conditions related to other chronic diseases such as diabetes. In addition, the university responded to request for services by conducting free annual health screening and education fairs and offering ongoing smoking cessation resources. We will discuss the successes and challenges of this partnership with a community that has minimal infrastructure but is motivated to improve the health of its residents. We will also describe how CAB members are taking ownership of the process and bringing additional resources to the table.
Citation Format: Dorothy F. Parker, Tracy Kelley, Eric Thompson, Erin N. Kobetz. Community involvement in prevention research: A model for reducing cancer disparities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A36. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A36
Abstract A76: Poverty as a carcinogen
Authors: Osian Sarah Rausch , Samiian Laila , Kraemer Dale , Butterfield Ryan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: The breast cancer mortality rate for black women in Duval County, FL (greater Jacksonville, FL) is the highest in the state of Florida, and is 38% higher for black women (36.7 per 100,000), than for white women (24.0 per 100,000). We sought to evaluate county specific breast cancer data, in an effort to better understand the disparities, and to begin designing effective targeted interventions to reduce these disparities.
Methods: Data on female breast cancer cases from 2004-2010 were extracted using the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). This data was analyzed using traditional descriptive statistics. Additional classification included residence, race, insurance, and age. The primary outcomes were Stage at diagnosis, and time from diagnosis to treatment.
Results: Using the FCDS, 6,579 new breast cancers were identified in Duval County from 2004 – 2010. Of these women, 73% were white, 24% black, 5% Hispanic, 2% Asian, and 2% unknown/other. Initially, univariate analyses identified black race, living in the urban core, being uninsured or having Medicaid insurance as having the worst outcomes in percentage of Stage IV disease at diagnosis and longer times from diagnosis to treatment (p&lt;.01). However, using advanced multivariate analyses, race was no longer significant, and living in the urban core, being uninsured or having Medicaid insurance became predictors for higher percentage of Stage IV disease at diagnosis, and longer times from diagnosis to treatment (p&lt;.001).
Conclusion: Although initially black race was included as a significant predictor of poorer outcomes, advanced multivariate analyses revealed that living in the urban core, and lack of insurance or Medicaid funding was significantly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis and longer time from diagnosis to treatment in Duval County, Florida. Therefore, it seems that markers of poverty in Duval County, FL are better predictors of breast cancer disparities. These findings can inform targeted interventions to reduce the disparities in Duval County, FL.
Citation Format: Sarah Rausch Osian, Laila Samiian, Dale Kraemer, Ryan Butterfield. Poverty as a carcinogen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A76. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A76
Abstract B60: Enhancing the chemopreventive effect by combining arctigenin and green tea polyphenol with curcumin in prostate and breast cancer cell
Authors: Wang Piwen , Wang Bin , Wu Yanyuan , Chung Seyung , Henning Susanne M. , Vadgama Jaydutt V. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of both prostate and breast cancer are much higher in African-American population compared to other races. Both cancers are typically diagnosed at a later age and subject to dietary factors and obesity. Therefore natural products may be an ideal option for chemoprevention to reduce cancer incidence particularly in the high-risk populations. However, the low bioavailability of most flavonoids limits their application as anti-carcinogenic agents in humans. A novel approach of treatment with a mixture of bioactive compounds in low physiologically achievable concentrations may resolve the limitations of reduced bioavailability. We therefore investigate whether a combination of three natural products arctigenin (Arc), a novel anti-inflammatory lignan from the seeds of Arctium lappa, green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin (Cur) increases the chemopreventive potency at low concentrations of individual compounds. LNCaP prostate cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with 2μg/mL Cur, 1μM Arc and 40μM EGCG alone or in combination for 48h. In both cell lines treatment with the mixture of Cur, Arc and EGCG increased the antiproliferative effect by 40% compared to Cur alone. In LNCaP cells both Arc and EGCG increased the pro-apoptotic effect of curcumin. Whereas in MCF-7 cells Arc increased the cell apoptosis of Cur while EGCG enhanced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. The strongest effects on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both cell lines were achieved by combining all three bioactive compounds. The combination treatments significantly increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 proteins, decreased the activation of NFkB, PI3K/Akt and Stat3 pathways and cell migration compared to individual treatments. This study is anticipated to provide a novel, culturally acceptable, and cost-effective regimen to enhance chemoprevention of both prostate and breast cancer particularly in minority populations.
Citation Format: Piwen Wang, Bin Wang, Yanyuan Wu, Seyung Chung, Susanne M. Henning, Jaydutt V. Vadgama. Enhancing the chemopreventive effect by combining arctigenin and green tea polyphenol with curcumin in prostate and breast cancer cell. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B60. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B60
Abstract B79: Colonoscopy screening in a community sample of African Americans
Authors: Jefferson Melanie S. , Briggs Vanessa , Delmoor Ernestine , Johnson Jerry C. , Hughes-Halbert Chanita 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: Colonoscopy is an efficacious strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer. Low utilization of colonoscopy contributes to racial disparities in colorectal cancer outcomes. Predictors of colonoscopy have been examined in clinical samples, but decisions about cancer screening are made in a multidimensional context that includes social, psychological, socioeconomic factors. Evaluating the association between colonoscopy utilization and multidimensional factors in a community-based sample is needed to understand how screening decisions are made in a community context.
Objectives: To evaluate the independent associations between social, psychological, socioeconomic, and clinical factors on colonoscopy use in a community-based sample of urban African American adults.
Methods: Participants were 236 African American men and women ages 50-75 who were enrolled in a community-based navigation program for cancer control. Data on colonoscopy use and socioeconomic (e.g., income), clinical (e.g., provider communication about colonoscopy), social (e.g., neighborhood satisfaction), and psychological factors (e.g., self-efficacy) were obtained by self-report during a baseline telephone interview that was completed prior to navigation.
Results: Overall, 58% of participants reported having a colonoscopy. Factors having significant independent associations with colonoscopy included older age (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.07, 1.24, p=0.0002), greater neighborhood satisfaction (OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.05, 3.30, p=0.03), physician recommendation (OR=12.69, 95% CI=5.33, 30.20, p=0.0001), greater self-efficacy (OR=2.60, 95% CI=1.29, 5.24, p=0.01) and higher income (OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.35, 5.37, p=0.005). Participants with greater levels of present temporal orientation were also more likely to report having a colonoscopy compared to those with lower levels (OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99, 1.41, p=0.06)
Conclusions: Colonoscopy is sub-optimal in a community-based sample of African Americans. In addition to psychological factors, participants who were more satisfied with their neighborhood conditions and those who had greater levels of present temporal orientation were likely to have a colonoscopy. Social and cultural factors may need to be addressed to enhance colonoscopy use among African Americans.
Citation Format: Melanie S. Jefferson, Vanessa Briggs, Ernestine Delmoor, Jerry C. Johnson, Chanita Hughes-Halbert. Colonoscopy screening in a community sample of African Americans. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B79. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B79
Abstract B93: Understanding cancer screening service utilization by Somali men in Minnesota
Authors: Sewali Barrett P. , Pratt Rebekah , Abdiwahab Ekland , Call Kathleen T. , Okuyemi Kolawole S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: There is a growing recognition of the role of men in reproductive health of women, and the benefits of including men in public health programs addressing women's health. Involvement of men has important implications especially within the context that men act as social gatekeepers and as powerful family members who enforce cultural practices, often to the detriment of women's health. However, there is a dearth of information about the role of men in promoting cancer prevention especially within immigrant communities. Objective(s): The main objective of this qualitative study was to explore the potential role of Somali immigrant men in healthcare decisions that may involve promoting breast and cervical cancer screening in their communities. The secondary objective was to explore knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about cancer prevention while examining factors associated with barriers and proposed solutions to increase cancer screening in this underserved community.
Methods: We formed a community-academic partnership and used a community based participatory research (CBPR) approach to conduct 20 key informant Interviews and 10 focus groups with Somali men. The Key Informant Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed QSR Nvivo 10. Data were coded to identify main themes.
Results: Three quarters of the participants were 45 years and older with 85% (17) of them were married, and 55% (12) having attained a high school education or higher; 35% (7) of the participants had no healthcare insurance; 55% (11) attained high school graduate or higher level of education; 75% (15) of the participants have lived in Minnesota for more than 5 years. We identified three major themes; (i) Faith influencing the attitudes and beliefs towards cancer screening. (ii) The changing roles of men in a society that is known to be patriarchal. (iii) The migration effect on screening.
Conclusions: Given the low utilization of cancer screening services and the widening cancer screening disparity gap in the minority communities, involvement of men and religious leaders in cancer screening efforts for Somali communities is worth exploring for future interventions. With the diverse cultural and health seeking behaviors in immigrant communities, cancer screening programs must adapt to increase cancer screening rates.
Citation Format: Barrett P. Sewali, Rebekah Pratt, Ekland Abdiwahab, Kathleen T. Call, Kolawole S. Okuyemi. Understanding cancer screening service utilization by Somali men in Minnesota. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B93. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B93
Abstract C08: Cancer risk by air toxics in the Lowcountry: Examining the role of residential segregation and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Rice LaShanta , Burwell Kristen , Jiang Chengsheng , Zhang Hongmei , Samantapudi Ashok , Wilson Sacoby 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Studies have demonstrated a relationship between segregation and level of education, occupational opportunities, and risk behaviors, yet a paucity of research has elucidated the association between residential segregation and health. We examined residential segregation by racial composition in census tracts in Metropolitan Charleston. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of racial characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and various segregation and deprivation indices on estimated cancer risk by air toxics.
Segregation indices were used to measure the distribution of groups of people from different races within neighborhoods. Simple linear regression was conducted between segregation indices or sociodemographic variables and cancer risk controlling for urban-rural effects. The Townsend Index was used to measure socioeconomic status deprivation in the study area.
Cancer risk for all sources exceeded 28 ppl/million for half of the census tracts. Background (15.3) and on road (5.8) emission sources accounted for the greatest portion of exposure. There was no real pattern of correlation between race-based segregation (Dissimilarity Index) and cancer risk. However, for all source, area, and on road emissions, the higher the Diversity index, the higher the risk (r=0.13, p&lt;0.01; r=0.14, p&lt;0.01; r=0.11, p&lt;0.05, respectively). Percent Black had the strongest association with cancer risk among the sociodemographic variables. The Townsend Index demonstrated statistically significant differences among quartiles for all emissions sources. Furthermore, a one unit increase in the Isolation Index increased cancer risk by 12.6 ppl/million, which is the highest among all segregation indices.
Our findings demonstrate residential segregation and socioeconomic deprivation may explain disparities in cancer risk in Metropolitan Charleston. Future studies should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which segregation and neighborhood disadvantage perpetuate health inequalities.
Citation Format: LaShanta Rice, Kristen Burwell, Chengsheng Jiang, Hongmei Zhang, Ashok Samantapudi, Sacoby Wilson. Cancer risk by air toxics in the Lowcountry: Examining the role of residential segregation and sociodemographic factors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C08. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C08
Abstract C25: Synthesis of N-substituted [benzoylamino]-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Henderson Elizabeth , Ardley Tiffany 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a cancer that forms in the tissues of the prostate which is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. PC is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. African American men have a greater risk of developing PC and this cancer is more aggressive in this population. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that has been found to be up-regulated in inflammation as well as some cancers including breast and some prostate cancers. Tetrahydropyridines (THPs) developed by our research group have been shown to be effective in inhibiting inflammation, the enzyme COX-2 and the growth of some breast cancer cells. Here we have synthesized a series of novel THP derivatives as potential prostate cancer agents. The novel N-[substituted benzoylamino]-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines were synthesized via sodium borohydride reduction of the corresponding N-[substituted phenylcarbonylimino]-3-ethyl pyridinium ylides. This project was supported by the National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health through Grant Number 8 G12 MD007582-28 and 2 G12 RR003020.
Citation Format: Elizabeth Henderson, Tiffany Ardley. Synthesis of N-substituted [benzoylamino]-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines as potential anticancer agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C25. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C25