bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flat-top plasma operational space of the STEP power plant
Authors: Tholerus E. , Casson F.J. , Marsden S.P. , Wilson T. , Brunetti D. , Fox P. , Freethy S.J. , Hender T.C. , Henderson S.S. , Hudoba A. , Kirov K.K. , Koechl F. , Meyer H. , Muldrew S.I. , Olde C. , Patel B.S. , Roach C.M. , Saarelma S. , Xia G. ,   the STEP team
Published: August 2024

Abstract
STEP is a spherical tokamak prototype power plant that is being designed to demonstrate net electric power. The design phase involves the exploitation of plasma models to optimise fusion performance subject to satisfying various physics and engineering constraints. A modelling workflow, including integrated core plasma modelling, MHD stability analysis, SOL and pedestal modelling, coil set and free boundary equilibrium solvers, and whole plant design, has been developed to specify the design parameters and to develop viable scenarios. The integrated core plasma model JETTO is used to develop individual flat-top operating points that satisfy imposed criteria for fusion power performance within operational constraints. Key plasma parameters such as normalised beta, Greenwald density fraction, auxiliary power and radiated power have been scanned to scope the operational space and to derive a collection of candidate non-inductive flat-top points. The assumed auxiliary heating and current drive is either from electron cyclotron (EC) systems only or a combination of EC and electron Bernstein waves. At present stages of transport modelling, there is a large uncertainty in overall confinement for relevant parameter regimes. For each of the two auxiliary heating and current drive systems scenarios, two candidate flat-top points have been developed based on different confinement assumptions, totalling to four operating points. A lower confinement assumption generally suggests operating points in high-density, high auxiliary power regimes, whereas higher confinement would allow access to a broader parameter regime in density and power while maintaining target fusion power performance.
A multi-functional intracranial silk-based electronic interface with integrated temperature and pressure sensor
Authors: Tao Chen , Yang Huiran , Zhu Ziyi , Ni Siyuan , Jiang Jianbo , Jiang Wanqi , Zhou Zhitao , Sun Liuyang , Liu Keyin , Tao Tiger H. , Wei Xiaoling 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The acquisition of multiple brain activity signals, including electrophysiological signals, intracranial pressure (ICP), and intracranial temperature (ICT), is crucial for neuroscience research and the clinical treatment of brain disorders. Additionally, bioelectronic devices intended for in vivo operation require high standards of material safety. In this work, we report a multifunctional monolithic bioelectronic device based on oriented crystallization silk fibroin. The pre-stretched and fixed silk fibroin material exhibits remarkable in vivo stability enhancements. Using Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) technology, units for the electrophysiological signal, ICP, and ICT collection are efficiently integrated into silk fibroin substrate. This integration is further complemented by an efficient backend connection to construct a system capable of multiple signal acquisitions. Through efficient connection, this multifunctional signal acquisition system can be used for simultaneous neural signal recording and miniaturized high-precision measurements of ICP (pressure coefficient of 48.5 Ω/kPa) and ICT (temperature coefficient of 0.39%). After implantation into the mouse cranium, the device is capable of efficiently synchronizing the acquisition of intracranial electrophysiological signals, intracranial pressure (ICP), and intracranial temperature (ICT) within two days. This class of bioelectronic devices based on silk fibroin effectively expands the efficient application of silk fibroin-based biomaterials.
Comparative Evaluation of Short Circuit Robustness Across Generation of 1.2kV SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Makhdoom Shahid , Ren Na , Wang Ce , Wu Yiding , Wang Hengyu , Sheng Kuang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs are efficient alternatives for power electronics, yet concerns persist regarding their short-circuit withstand capability compared to traditional Si IGBTs. Despite the market evolution of 1200V SiC MOSFET generations, a comprehensive comparative analysis of different device types is lacking. This study addresses this gap, comparing five planar and one trench device representing 1st (1G), 2nd (2G), and 3rd generation (3G) products. The SCWT, short circuit energy and short circuit peak power values are also compared. Findings show 3G devices exhibit inferior performance, indicating a compromise between on-state losses reduction and short-circuit ruggedness. The cause behind this seems to be that the smaller die area in 3G hinders heat dissipation during faults, thereby reducing short-circuit withstand time. Furthermore, 2G device display higher resilience at 400V, this advantage diminishes at higher voltages (⩾600V). Notably, 800V 3G devices exhibit survival times as low as 2 μs, with failure analysis identifying gate oxide dielectric breakdown at 400V and thermal runaway at voltages ⩾600V across all.
Fabrication of highly sensitive and fast response flexible humidity sensor based on rGO/MoS2 hybrid composite
Authors: Ke Ningfeng , Ge Gengwu , Ma Hongliang , Ding Jie , Zhang Wendong , Fan Xuge 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have significant advantages in fabricating humidity sensors due to their high mechanical strength, weak interlayer interactions, high specific surface area surfaces, and abundant active sites, etc. In this paper, flexible humidity sensors based on rGO/MoS2 composite was prepared for humidity sensing. The dispersion of rGO/MoS2 composite was prepared by mixing and dispersing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The conductive silver paste was printed onto a PET substrate by screen printing, and then the dispersion of rGO/MoS2 composite was drop-coated onto PET substrate to fabricate the humidity sensor. The prepared humidity sensor has the responsivity of 95% from 23%RH to 85%RH, with the response time of 11 s and recovery time of 14.4 s. This work demonstrates the potential of rGO/MoS2 composites for the application in high-performance humidity sensors.
Manufacture of flexible humidity sensors with high sensitivity and fast response using MoS2/graphene oxide composite
Authors: Ge Gengwu , Ke Ningfeng , Ding Jie , Zhang Wendong , Fan Xuge 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Humidity monitoring is very necessary for industrial production, medical and health care, environmental monitoring and household use. Resistive humidity sensor is one of common types of humidity sensors due to simple preparation and electrical readout. MoS2, a 2D material, has the great potential to be used for humidity sensing due to its high electrocatalytic activity, large specific surface area, and a wealth of surface-responsive sites. GO (graphene oxide) has excellent hydrophilic properties due to the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups (including hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxylic acid groups) on its surface. In addition, sensors based on pure MoS2 or pure GO are limited in either sensitivity or response and recovery time. In this work, the flexible humidity sensor based on MoS2/GO composite films was realized, featuring high responsivity (98%), fast response/recovery time (1.3/12.1s), and good stability.
Microfluidic assay devices integrated with Au nanorods for rapid and sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Li Guangyang , Xue Lingyue , Xu MingZhu , Hu Sixing , Xiang Anli , Yang Xi , Lu Jiaqi , Cao Zhen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a microfluidic assay device integrated with Au nanorods for rapid and sensitive detection of Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), the current gold standard biomarker for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. The Au nanorods, fabricated using oblique angle deposition (OAD), significantly enhance fluorescent signals, thereby eliminating the need for high-resolution lithography technologies. Leveraging this device, rapid and sensitive detection of cTnI is realized with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.9 pg mL−1 within 6 minutes, referring to a sensitivity enhancement of 4000-fold compared to glass substrates. Given its simple fabrication method, ease of operation, and highly sensitive immunoassay performance, this device holds great potential for clinical and point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.
Angle-Independent Broadband Miniaturized Spectrometers
Authors: Zhang Gongyuan , Ahmed Mian Aizaz , Dong Shurong , Yang Zongyin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The miniaturized spectrometers are small and lightweight, which allows for integration into portable analytical instruments and consumer electronics, making them ideal for a wide range of applications, including scientific research, industrial process control, environmental monitoring, and healthcare diagnostics. Compared to other types of grating-based or Fourier-transform spectrometers, filter-based miniaturized spectrometers are relatively simple in design and often more cost-effective to manufacture. However, the spectral accuracy of conventional filter-based miniaturized spectrometers is sensitive to incident light angle. Besides, a large number of filters are required for broadband spectral detection in filter-based spectrometers, which increases cost and complexity. Here, we propose an angle-independent broadband miniaturized spectrometer, where the linear variable Fabry-Perot cavity is introduced to maintain spectral performance over a wide spectral range, and a slit combined with a diffuser is adapted to minimize the sensitivity of spectral accuracy to incident light angle. Our study defines a unique pathway to high-performance miniaturized spectrometers and makes them valuable tools for a wide range of applications requiring compact, cost-effective, and high-performance spectral analysis.
A Highly Sensitive MEMS Three-Dimensional Force Sensor based on Piezoresistive Cantilever with Stress Concentration
Authors: li Aomen , Hou Cheng , Sun Yuyang , Ji Tianci , Liu Huicong , Li Dongsheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study presents a highly sensitive 3D force sensor based on a piezoresistive cantilever with stress concentration. The sensor achieves precise 3D force detection by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cap with pyramid microstructures and silicon chip containing four piezoresistive cantilevers with a micro-hole at their root. Finite element simulation validates the superior performance of the micro-hole in enhancing the sensitivity of the force sensor. Compared to a traditional sensor based on a piezoresistive cantilever, the microhole design increases strain in the piezoresistive region of the cantilever by 2 times and the stress by 2.72 times. The proposed sensor exhibits promising potential for applications in various fields, including medical devices, robotics, industrial automation, and others.
A Novel TCAD Methodology of Robustness Evaluation for HV ESD Protection Devices
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Cui Qiang , Zeng Yuwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Second breakdown current (It2) is an important merit of Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices, and it is especially critical for high voltage ESD design. The device physics involved in ESD phenomena are highly complex as ESD devices operate at high current condition within a short period of time. Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulation offers faster design optimization and quantitative evaluation of robustness, which can significantly improve ESD device’s robustness. However, an accurate TCAD simulation requires accurate modelling of sophisticated device physics. Due to the ESD’s high stress nature, understanding and modelling of such device physics are non-trivial. We applied TCAD 2D simulation to a high voltage Silicon-controlled Rectifier (SCR), 2D simulation to diode and 3D simulation to diode with different sizes. Based on comparisons of two ESD modes (HBM and CDM) and two transmission line pulses (TLP and VFTLP) simulation data, the simulation method is self-consistent and shows effective It2 prediction ability. The above-mentioned TCAD simulation method can help accelerate design iteration of ESD design and find more optimized ESD device structures.
A Large-FOV and High-Resolution Bionic Eyeball Optical System Based on A Sphere and Curved Imaging Surface
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Yuan Ze , Ye Zhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bionic eyeballs have consistently received great attention, as it holds potential to restore vision for the visually impaired. To design a bionic eyeball that is closest to the human eye’s performance, scientists have proposed various eyeball models. However, this models all have relatively complex structures. We propose a novel design method for bionic eyeballs, introducing aspheric surface instead of spherical surface, and only need an incident and an imaging surfaces to achieve the imaging function of eyeball. Cleverly, we designate the lens surfaces as the Zernike Fringe Sag surfaces, utilizing its unique properties to obtain the lens capable of clear imaging within 170° Field of View. This design makes the lens size close to the human eye. Compared with traditional large Field of View lens groups, it has a minimalist structure. Additionally, we compare imaging performance of the lens with a curved imaging surface to that of the lens with a flat imaging surface, further demonstrating feasibility of our design. This provides a reference for the practical application of bionic eyeballs.
Combining physical modeling and machine learning for micro-scale modeling of a fuel cell electrode
Authors: Brus Grzegorz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Microscale modeling plays a critical role in fuel cell development, offering deep insights into the microscale transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions. This level of detail is essential for optimizing the performance of a single fuel cell, enabling the precise design and improvement of materials and structures at the microscale and consequently enhancing the overall efficiency of a stack. Here, we show a comprehensive transition from white-box models, characterized by their reliance on physical laws, to black-box models exemplified by neural networks, which excel in pattern recognition from provided data without necessitating a clear understanding of the underlying processes. This spectrum encompasses the inherent challenges and merits of both methodologies. While white-box models are recognized for their reliability due to their foundation in mathematical equations that describe physical phenomena, they often require the integration of empirical parameters and are susceptible to experimental errors, much like their black-box counterparts. The core novelty in this study lies in the synergistic integration of these two paradigms, specifically tailored for enhancing the predictive accuracy in solid oxide fuel cell modeling. In this approach, the neural network is employed to replace different parts of the mathematical model, from refining empirical parameters in the electrochemical model to replacing the entire electrochemical model. The adjustment of parameters is conducted by an evolutionary strategy based on the outputs of the mathematical model. The results underscore the superiority of the gray box in achieving higher prediction accuracy and in minimizing the requisite data volume for network training. This presented approach not only bridges the gap between the deterministic clarity of white-box models and the data-driven insights of black-box models but also strategically distributes the computational load between them, thereby offering a promising solution to the prevalent challenges in solid oxide fuel cell modeling.
Development of high hydrogen permselective membranes by using a vapor treatment method
Authors: Ito M , Yabe K , Yano H , Nomura M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the depletion of energy resources and global warming have led to the promotion of new energy resources. Hydrogen is attracting attention as one of the energy sources for the carbon-neutral society by 2050. Membrane separation is a method for separating and purifying hydrogen. In this study, we focused on developing high hydrogen permselectivity of silica membranes. We investigated the conditions necessary for membrane production to obtain a thin, dense separation layer. The results exhibited that the hydrogen permeation selectivity was enhanced in the silica membrane through the utilization of a 2-step deposition technique, which involves the combination of alternative feed and counter-diffusion chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The H2 permeance achieved by the 2-step method is 1.4×10−6 [mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1], representing 1.4 times higher than that of counter-diffusion CVD. In addition, the permeance ratio, which represents hydrogen selectivity, was significantly enhanced with the 2-step method, with H2/C3H8 = 260, twice as high as with CVD. Elemental mapping analysis of the cross-sectional structure revealed a concentration gradient in the deposited silica within the intermediate layer. This indicates that the silica separation layer may become an asymmetric structure. The 2-step method is expected to yield a thinner dense layer, which could contribute to improved permeance of silica separation membranes by reducing permeation resistance.
Optimization of sol-gel preparation method for Y0.9Ce0.1Mn3+δ to improve the oxygen storage properties
Authors: Ishida K , Mele P , Klimkowicz A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, various countries have started to develop and improve hydrogen technologies to establish a sustainable society. Among them, methods to store hydrogen in solids and later use it as an energy carrier are proposed and the principle of gas storage in solids and its potential for gas separation is of interest. This research primarily focuses on analogues concept of oxygen storage and production using solid oxides. It can be realized using the temperature swing adsorption (TSA) method. TSA relies on the specific properties of the absorbent materials that can reversibly change their oxygen content depending on external conditions like temperature. The absorbent materials are called oxygen storage materials (OSM). The overall cost and efficiency of oxygen production using TSA installations depend on the properties of the OSM materials. Therefore, it is essential to develop and improve the OSMs. The subject of this work is to investigate the different synthesis methods of the already chemically optimized Y0.9Ce0.1MnO3+δ material. Samples were prepared using the sol-gel process that allows for the final sintering to be conducted at the relatively low temperature of 1000 °C or below.
Analysis of combustion models of hydrogen-air mixtures using ANSYS FLUENT
Authors: Wyszyński Patryk , Porowski Rafał 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper details an experimental investigation into flame propagation of a stoichiometric hydrogen mixture within a fixed 40 cm3 volume channel, utilizing ANSYS Fluent for simulation. The geometry was delineated as a 200x20 mm plane, with ignition positioned at the center. Certain input parameters were determined using MATLAB’s Cantera. The study explored different configurations of ANSYS Fluent’s channel combustion models, specifically examining both laminar and turbulent scenarios. Overpressure within the chamber was gauged at points 50 mm from the channel’s center to assess the impact of the relaxation factor on these measurements. These models underwent comparative analysis with actual experimental results, focusing on the highest achieved pressures and the flame’s shape at 1.9 ms, 2.9 ms, and 4.8 ms post-ignition. The findings underscore the complexity of modelling hydrogen mixture combustion in enclosed channels, highlighting the necessity for a specialized approach. Standard modules struggled to accurately replicate pressure variations over time, leading to significant discrepancies between the resulting models.
Comparison of methods for discharging an isochoric compressed air tank in compressed air energy storage systems
Authors: Kubala Piotr , Gryboś Dominik , Markowski Jan , Leszczyński Jacek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Renewable energy sources are characterized by intermittent operation, which creates the need to store surplus energy and release it at the time of demand. Energy storage systems that keep energy in compressed air can be a solution to this problem. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the method of releasing compressed air and select the most efficient one. In the study conducted, two particular ways of controlling the expansion of air stored in the tank emerged: control through a cut-off function of air supplied into cylinder and through the use of pressure regulator. To indicate which solution is more cost-effective from an energy point of view, a series of simulations were carried out using the Matlab environment. Operation with the highest efficiency and with the highest sustainability was achieved using a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller and a function controlling the level of opening of the valve passing air to the expander. The method considering the presence of the buffer tank provided rotation stability in a much shorter system operation time, while the baseline scenario (which did not include any form of system control) was characterized by instability, short operation time and low efficiency.
An underground pipeline relocation decision support system based on BIM and GIS integration
Authors: Ma Fei , Gao Yang , Zhang Guien , Huang Can , Chen Wenkai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a rapid decision-support system for underground pipeline relocation, leveraging the synergistic capabilities of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The amalgamation of BIM and GIS technologies within the system facilitates comprehensive information management and analysis. To validate the system’s practicality, dedicated software applications have been developed to streamline data collection, model generation, and data fusion. In the data collection phase, a mobile application has been designed to efficiently acquire standardized physical exploration data. In the design phase, we have implemented an automated pipeline modeling process, utilizing the physical exploration data through our in-house Revit plug-in. Concurrently, the plug-in enables clash detection and distance analysis. Subsequently, the model can be seamlessly transferred to our custom-built integration platform, which is founded on ArcGIS. Within this platform, the integration of the BIM model with GIS can be visually represented. Furthermore, it provides tools for analyzing project quantity and monitoring project progress. The integrating proposed system and software enhances the efficiency of underground pipeline relocation and augments decision-making capabilities.