bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Management of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States Medicare Population, 2005-2011
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Nwachukwu Ben U. , Villarroel Leonardo D. , Lin Johnny L. , Bach Bernard R. , McCormick Frank M. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Achilles tendon ruptures are one of the most commonly treated injuries by orthopaedic surgeons and general practitioners. Achilles tendon ruptures have classically been thought to affect the middle-aged “weekend warrior” participating in basketball, volleyball, soccer, or any other ground sport that requires speed and agility; however, with a more active elderly population, these tears are becoming more common in older patients. Purpose: To report trends in nonoperative and operative treatment of Achilles tendon tears in the United States from 2005 to 2011 in patients registered with a large Medicare database. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Patients who underwent nonoperative and operative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures by either primary repair or primary repair with graft (International Classification of Diseases 9 [ICD-9] diagnosis code 727.67, Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 27650 and 27652) for the years 2005 to 2011 were identified using the PearlDiver Medicare Database. Demographic and utilization data available within the database were extracted for patients who underwent nonoperative as well as operative treatment for Achilles tendon ruptures. Statistical analysis involved Student t tests, chi-square tests, and linear regression analyses, with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: From 2005 to 2011, there were a total of 14,127 Achilles tendon ruptures. Of these, 9814 were managed nonoperatively, 3531 were treated with primary repair, and 782 were treated with primary repair with graft. The incidence of Achilles tendon increased from 0.67 per 10,000 in 2005 to 1.08 per 10,000 in 2011 ( P < .01). There was no significant difference in the number of Achilles ruptures between males (6636) and females (7582) ( P > .05). There was an increase in the overall number of Achilles tendon ruptures over time (1689 in 2005 compared with 2788 in 2011; P < .001) but no difference in the percentage of Achilles ruptures treated operatively ( P > .05). Older patients were more likely to be treated nonoperatively ( P < .05). No differences in operative versus nonoperative treatment were seen between yearly quarter ( P > .05), sex ( P > .05), or region ( P > .05). Conclusion: The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures is increasing with time, but the trend in operative and nonoperative treatment has not changed between 2005 and 2011. Older patients, especially those older than 85 years, are more likely to be treated nonoperatively. No differences in treatment patterns were seen based on sex, region, or yearly quarter.
Baseline Neurocognitive Performance in Professional Lacrosse Athletes
Authors: Plancher Kevin D. , Brooks-James Ariana , Nissen Carl W. , Diduch B. Kent , Petterson Stephanie C. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Concussions have become a major public health concern for both youth and professional athletes. The long-term consequences of concussion can be debilitating or even life threatening. To reduce these concerns, baseline neurocognitive performance can aid decision making in postconcussion recovery and return to play for athletes sustaining concussions. To date, these data are not available for lacrosse athletes. Purpose: To present baseline neurocognitive performance for Major League Lacrosse (MLL) players and to determine differences between athletes with and without a history of concussion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) scores from MLL players who completed baseline testing from June 2010 to June 2011. Inclusion required a valid baseline test and no history of concussion in the 3 months prior to testing. Means ± standard deviations were computed for all demographic variables and ImPACT composite scores including visual and verbal memory, reaction time, and visual motor processing speed. Independent-samples t tests were used to determine differences between athletes with and without a history of concussion. Results: Valid baseline ImPACT testing was available for 235 MLL athletes (mean age, 25.1 ± 3.0 years). Forty percent of MLL athletes (n = 94) reported a history of concussion, with 14% of those (n = 13) reporting a history of 3 or more previous concussions. There were no differences on any demographic variables between MLL athletes with and without a history of concussion. MLL athletes with a history of concussion had lower ImPACT composite scores than those without a history of concussion, although only the verbal memory composite was found to be statistically significant (MLL with concussion, 83.2 ± 10.8 vs MLL without concussion, 86.9 ± 9.5; P = .007). Conclusion: This study establishes baseline ImPACT scores for MLL and demonstrates that athletes with a history of concussion have poorer neurocognitive performance compared with MLL athletes without a history of concussion. Clinical Relevance: These data can serve as normative values for subsequent testing following concussion to assess neurocognitive recovery.
Recent developments in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Bejar Rafael , Steensma David P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOnce thought to be rare disorders, the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are now recognized as among the most common hematological neoplasms, probably affecting >30 000 patients per year in the United States. US regulatory approval of azacitidine, decitabine, and lenalidomide between 2004 and 2006 seemed to herald a new era in the development of disease-modifying therapies for MDS, but there have been no further drug approvals for MDS indications in the United States in the last 8 years. The available drugs are not curative, and few of the compounds that are currently in development are likely to be approved in the near future. As a result, MDS diagnoses continue to place a heavy burden on both patients and health care systems. Incomplete understanding of disease pathology, the inherent biological complexity of MDS, and the presence of comorbid conditions and poor performance status in the typical older patient with MDS have been major impediments to development of effective novel therapies. Here we discuss new insights from genomic discoveries that are illuminating MDS pathogenesis, increasing diagnostic accuracy, and refining prognostic assessment, and which will one day contribute to more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes.
Marrow failure: a window into ribosome biology
Authors: Ruggero Davide , Shimamura Akiko 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and dyskeratosis congenita are inherited syndromes characterized by marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. Genetic and molecular studies have uncovered distinct abnormalities in ribosome biogenesis underlying each of these 3 disorders. How defects in ribosomes, the essential organelles required for protein biosynthesis in all cells, cause tissue-specific abnormalities in human disease remains a question of fundamental scientific and medical importance. Here we review the overlapping and distinct clinical features of these 3 syndromes and discuss current knowledge regarding the ribosomal pathways disrupted in each of these disorders. We also explore the increasing complexity of ribosome biology and how this informs our understanding of developmental biology and human disease.
An autologous leukemia cell vaccine prevents murine acute leukemia relapse after cytarabine treatment
Authors: Gibbins John D. , Ancelet Lindsay R. , Weinkove Robert , Compton Benjamin J. , Painter Gavin F. , Petersen Troels R. , Hermans Ian F. 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
A cellular vaccine incorporating the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide prevents relapse of acute leukemia following cytarabine chemotherapy.
Dissecting the genetics of chronic mucus hypersecretion in smokers with and without COPD
Authors: Dijkstra Akkelies E. , Boezen H. Marike , van den Berge Maarten , Vonk Judith M. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Barr R. Graham , Burkart Kirsten M. , Manichaikul Ani , Pottinger Tess D. , Silverman Edward K. , Cho Michael H. , Crapo James D. , Beaty Terri H. , Bakke Per , Gulsvik Amund , Lomas David A. , Bossé Yohan , Nickle David C. , Paré Peter D. , de Koning Harry J. , Lammers Jan-Willem , Zanen Pieter , Smolonska Joanna , Wijmenga Ciska , Brandsma Corry-Anke , Groen Harry J.M. , Postma Dirkje S. ,   the LifeLines Cohort Study group
Published: September 2014

Smoking is a notorious risk factor for chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH). CMH frequently occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The question arises whether the same single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are related to CMH in smokers with and without COPD.We performed two genome-wide association studies of CMH under an additive genetic model in male heavy smokers (≥20 pack-years) with COPD (n=849, 39.9% CMH) and without COPD (n=1348, 25.4% CMH), followed by replication and meta-analysis in comparable populations, and assessment of the functional relevance of significantly associated SNPs.Genome-wide association analysis of CMH in COPD and non-COPD subjects yielded no genome-wide significance after replication. In COPD, our top SNP (rs10461985, p=5.43×10−5) was located in theGDNF-AS1gene that is functionally associated with theGDNFgene. Expression ofGDNFin bronchial biopsies of COPD patients was significantly associated with CMH (p=0.007). In non-COPD subjects, four SNPs had a p-value <10−5in the meta-analysis, including a SNP (rs4863687) in theMAML3gene, the T-allele showing modest association with CMH (p=7.57×10−6, OR 1.48) and with significantly increasedMAML3expression in lung tissue (p=2.59×10−12).Our data suggest the potential for differential genetic backgrounds of CMH in individuals with and without COPD.
What are the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in forests, fisheries and rangelands? a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ojanen Maria , Miller Daniel C , Zhou Wen , Mshale Baruani , Mwangi Esther , Petrokofsky Gillian 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
Property rights to natural resources comprise a major policy instrument for those seeking to advance sustainable resource use and conservation. Despite decades of policy experimentation and empirical research, however, systematic understanding of the influence of different property rights regimes on resource and environmental outcomes remains elusive. A large, diverse, and rapidly growing body of literature investigates the links between property regimes and environmental outcomes, but has not synthesized theoretical and policy insights within specific resource systems and especially across resource systems. Here we provide a protocol for conducting a systematic review that will gather empirical evidence over the past two decades on this topic. We will ask the following questions: a) What are the environmental impacts of different property regimes in forests, fisheries, and rangelands? b) Which property regimes are associated with positive, negative or neutral environmental outcomes? c) How do those environmental outcomes compare within and across resource systems and regions?

Methods
We will assess current knowledge of the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in three resource systems in developing countries: forests, fisheries and rangelands. These resource systems represent differing levels of resource mobility and variability and capture much of the range of ecosystem types found across the globe. The review will use a bundle of rights approach to assess the impacts of three main property regimes—state, private, and community—as well as mixed property regimes that involve some combination of these three. Assessment of the impacts of property rights regimes across a range of different resource systems and ecosystem types will enable exploration of commonalities and differences across these systems. Our analysis will emphasize major insights while highlighting important gaps in current research.
Digital mammographic density and breast cancer risk: a case–control study of six alternative density assessment methods
Authors: Eng Amanda , Gallant Zoe , Shepherd John , McCormack Valerie , Li Jingmei , Dowsett Mitch , Vinnicombe Sarah , Allen Steve , dos-Santos-Silva Isabel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Mammographic density is a strong breast cancer risk factor and a major determinant of screening sensitivity. However, there is currently no validated estimation method for full-field digital mammography (FFDM).

Methods
The performance of three area-based approaches (BI-RADS, the semi-automated Cumulus, and the fully-automated ImageJ-based approach) and three fully-automated volumetric methods (Volpara, Quantra and single energy x-ray absorptiometry (SXA)) were assessed in 3168 FFDM images from 414 cases and 685 controls. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between breast cancer risk factors and density among controls, and logistic regression models to assess density-breast cancer risk associations, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and reproductive variables.

Results
Quantra and the ImageJ-based approach failed to produce readings for 4% and 11% of the participants. All six density assessment methods showed that percent density (PD) was inversely associated with age, BMI, being parous and postmenopausal at mammography. PD was positively associated with breast cancer for all methods, but with the increase in risk per standard deviation increment in PD being highest for Volpara (1.83; 95% CI: 1.51 to 2.21) and Cumulus (1.58; 1.33 to 1.88) and lower for the ImageJ-based method (1.45; 1.21 to 1.74), Quantra (1.40; 1.19 to 1.66) and SXA (1.37; 1.16 to 1.63). Women in the top PD quintile (or BI-RADS 4) had 8.26 (4.28 to 15.96), 3.94 (2.26 to 6.86), 3.38 (2.00 to 5.72), 2.99 (1.76 to 5.09), 2.55 (1.46 to 4.43) and 2.96 (0.50 to 17.5) times the risk of those in the bottom one (or BI-RADS 1), respectively, for Volpara, Quantra, Cumulus, SXA, ImageJ-based method, and BI-RADS (P for trend <0.0001 for all). The ImageJ-based method had a slightly higher ability to discriminate between cases and controls (area under the curve (AUC) for PD = 0.68, P = 0.05), and Quantra slightly lower (AUC = 0.63; P = 0.06), than Cumulus (AUC = 0.65).

Conclusions
Fully-automated methods are valid alternatives to the labour-intensive "gold standard" Cumulus for quantifying density in FFDM. The choice of a particular method will depend on the aims and setting but the same approach will be required for longitudinal density assessments.
Task context-aware e-mail platform for collaborative tasks
Authors: Katsumata Masashi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractE-mail communication has become an essential part of collaborative tasks in enterprises. However, when conventional e-mail applications are used for collaborative tasks, problems with task-related resources management arise. In this paper, we present a task context-aware e-mail platform that helps users to send e-mails quickly and efficiently. This platform also automatically extracts data from reply e-mail messages. It enables users to automatically classify task-related information and user support services using a task context model. The task context model is built based on ontology as a semantic representation of the associations between task and task-related e-mail processes. This paper describes the design and implementation of this system on the basis of the task context model. To verify the efficacy of the prototype system, we conducted experiments that demonstrate the systems effective task awareness and user support services.
N-Substituted indole carbohydrazide derivatives: synthesis and evaluation of their antiplatelet aggregation activity
Authors: Mirfazli Seyedeh Sara , Kobarfard Farzad , Firoozpour Loghman , Asadipour Ali , Esfahanizadeh Marjan , Tabib Kimia , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Platelet aggregation is one of the most important factors in the development of thrombotic disorders which plays a central role in thrombosis (clot formation). Prophylaxis and treatment of arterial thrombosis are achieved using anti-platelet drugs. In this study, a series of novel substituted indole carbohydrazide was synthesized and evaluated for anti-platelet aggregation activity induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen.

Methods
Our synthetic route started from methyl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate (1) and ethyl 1H-indole-2-carboxylate (4) which were reacted with hydrazine monohydrate 99%. The aldol condensation of the later compound with aromatic aldehydes led to the formation of the title compounds. Sixteen indole acylhydrazone derivatives, 3d-m and 6d-i were tested for anti-platelet aggregation activity induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen.

Results
Among the synthesized compounds, 6g and 6h with 100% inhibition, proved to be the most potent derivatives of the 2-substituted indole on platelet aggregation induced by AA and collagen, respectively. In 3-substituted indole 3m with 100% inhibition and 3f and 3i caused 97% inhibition on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and AA, respectively.

Conclusion
In this study, compounds 6g, 6h, 3m, 3f and 3i showed better inhibition on platelet aggregation induced by AA and collagen among the title compounds. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis between the structural parameters of the investigated derivatives and their antiplatelet aggregation activity was performed with various molecular descriptors but, analysis of the physicochemical parameters doesn't show a significant correlation between the observed activities and general molecular parameters of the synthesized derivatives. Although, due to the existence of several receptors on the platelets surface which are responsible for controlling the platelet aggregation, the investigated compounds in the present study may exert their activities through binding to more than one of these receptors and therefore no straight forward SAR could be obtained for them.
Can computer simulators accurately represent the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients?
Authors: Wang Wenfei , Das Anup , Ali Tayyba , Cole Oanna , Chikhani Marc , Haque Mainul , Hardman Jonathan G , Bates Declan G 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Computer simulation models could play a key role in developing novel therapeutic strategies for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) if they can be shown to accurately represent the pathophysiological characteristics of individual patients.

Methods
We evaluated the capability of a computational simulator to reproduce the heterogeneous effects of COPD on alveolar mechanics as captured in a number of different patient datasets.

Results
Our results show that accurately representing the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients necessitates the use of simulation models with large numbers (up to 200) of compartments for gas exchange. The tuning of such complex simulation models ‘by hand’ to match patient data is not feasible, and thus we present an automated approach based on the use of global optimization algorithms and high-performance computing. Using this approach, we are able to achieve extremely close matches between the simulator and a range of patient data including PaO2, PaCO2, pulmonary deadspace fraction, pulmonary shunt fraction, and ventilation/perfusion (V̇/Q) curves. Using the simulator, we computed combinations of ventilator settings that optimally manage the trade-off between ensuring adequate gas exchange and minimizing the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury for an individual COPD patient.

Conclusions
Our results significantly strengthen the credibility of computer simulation models as research tools for the development of novel management protocols in COPD and other pulmonary disease states.
Brain function in iNOS knock out or iNOS inhibited (l-NIL) mice under endotoxic shock
Authors: Schweighöfer Hanna , Rummel Christoph , Mayer Konstantin , Rosengarten Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Microcirculatory dysfunction due to excessive nitric oxide production by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is often seen as a motor of sepsis-related organ dysfunction. Thus, blocking iNOS may improve organ function. Here, we investigated neuronal functional integrity in iNOS knock out (−/−) or l-NIL-treated wild-type (wt) animals in an endotoxic shock model.

Methods
Four groups of each 10 male mice (28 to 32 g) were studied: wt, wt + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg body weight i.v.), iNOS(−/−) + LPS, wt + LPS + l-NIL (5 mg/kg body weight i.p. 30 min before LPS). Electric forepaw stimulation was performed before LPS/vehicle and then at fixed time points repeatedly up to 4.5 h. N1-P1 potential amplitudes as well as P1 latencies were calculated from EEG recordings. Additionally, cerebral blood flow was registered using laser Doppler. Blood gas parameters, mean arterial blood pressure, and glucose and lactate levels were obtained at the beginning and the end of experiments. Moreover, plasma IL-6, IL-10, CXCL-5, ICAM-1, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and nitrate/nitrite levels were determined.

Results
Decline in blood pressure, occurrence of cerebral hyperemia, acidosis, and increase in lactate levels were prevented in both iNOS-blocked groups. SEP amplitudes and NSE levels remained in the range of controls. Effects were related to a blocked nitrate/nitrite level increase whereas IL-6, ICAM-1, and IL-10 were similarly induced in all sepsis groups. Only CXCL-5 induction was lower in both iNOS-blocked groups.

Conclusions
Despite similar hyper-inflammatory responses, iNOS inhibition strategies appeared neurofunctionally protective possibly by stabilizing macro- as well as microcirculation. Overall, our data support modern sepsis guidelines recommending early prevention of microcirculatory failure.
Thromboelastography Is a Suboptimal Test for Determination of the Underlying Cause of Bleeding Associated With Cardiopulmonary Bypass and May Not Predict a Hypercoagulable State
Authors: Welsh Kerry J. , Padilla Angelica , Dasgupta Amitava , Nguyen Andy N. D. , Wahed Amer 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are at risk of bleeding. The goal of this investigation was to compare thromboelastography (TEG) with standard coagulation tests (prothrombin time [PT], partial thromboplastin time [PTT], fibrinogen, and D-dimer) in patients with active bleeding.

Methods:
A retrospective study of patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB was performed. A second analysis was performed to determine if a shortened TEG R time is associated with thrombosis.

Results:
Paired TEG and standard coagulation tests were available from 21 bleeding patients; of the 15 patients with normal TEG values and three with a shortened R time, all had abnormalities of standard coagulation tests. Eighteen of 67 patients who underwent surgery with CPB had an episode of postoperative bleeding. The TEG R time and coagulation index, PT, and PTT collected after CPB were associated with postoperative bleeding in the univariate analysis, but only PT was independently associated with postoperative bleeding in the multivariate analysis. In the second analysis, three of 38 patients with a normal TEG and four of 43 patients with a shortened R time had a thrombotic event during hospitalization (P = 1.00).

Conclusions:
TEG had limited utility in identifying the underlying cause of bleeding and was not predictive of postoperative bleeding associated with cardiac surgery compared with conventional coagulation tests. A shortened TEG R time may not represent a hypercoagulable state.