bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rotationally-Resolved Absorption Spectrum of Formaldehyde from 6547 to 7051 cm−1
Authors: Ruth Albert A. , Heitmann Uwe , Heinecke Elke , Fittschen Christa 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We report new experimental data on the rotationally resolved room
temperature absorption spectrum of CH2O in the near infrared
(NIR) region between 6804 and 7051 cm
–1
(1470–1418 nm). Data have been obtained by cavity
enhanced absorption spectroscopy and complement the spectrum in the
wavelength range 6547–6804 cm
–1, obtained using
virtually the same experimental set-up and already published in an
earlier publication (Staak et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 229
(2005) 115–121). Several vibrational combination bands occur in this
region and give rise to a congested spectrum and over 4500 lines
with cross-sections over 5 · 10
–23 cm2 were observed. Recent
experimental studies using NIR absorption spectroscopy for quantifying
CH2O in different chemical systems indicate that the
absorption cross-sections obtained by Staak et al. may have been
overestimated. The results of these experiments are reviewed here and
a recommendation for absolute absorption cross sections of
CH2O in the NIR range will be given. Absolute absorption
cross-sections stated here are corrected by the recommended factor.
Piezo-resistive Pressure Sensor Array with Photo-thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Kazemzadeh Rouzbeh , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe report a highly sensitive pressure sensor fabricated by photo-thermally reduced Graphene oxide (GO) with silver nano wires (AgNWs). Pressure sensors are fabricated in form of the inter-digitated capacitors (IDC) composed of two finger electrodes with pattern width of 500 µm. The fabricated IDCs are compared to the previously reported MEMS-based pressure sensors' sensitivity. The fabricated sensor is easily attachable on any surface for monitoring applied forces or pressure and maintains excellent electrical conductivity under high mechanical stress and thus holds promise for durable bio-medical sensors.
A Water Vapor Sensor Application of Sn1-xFexO2-δ Fibers
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Manuel , Watson Amanda , Abrego Ildeman , Ardisson José Domingos , Samudio Carlos Ariel , Ching-Prado Eleicer Antonio 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTin oxide is of great interest due to their potential technological applications, such as: gas sensors, energy conversion, catalysts and others. Appropriate doping can further enhance the conductivity of the SnO2 material with little loss of transparency. Isolated tin iron oxide fibers (Sn1-xFexO2-δ) with x (molar %) = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were prepared by the electrospinning technique. Anhydrous SnCl4, FeCl3·6H2O, different alcohols, chloroform and a polymer (PEO) were used as precursor materials. Appropriate mixture of these reagents defines the deposition solution. The samples were deposited on glass substrates and annealed at 500o C. The fibers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), impedance spectroscopy and temperature dependence current-voltage measurements. The fibers with diameters between 2 to 12 microns were used for sensorial purpose. Thus, water vapor sensor responses were also measured and the experimental results are tested using the Freundlich isotherms model.
Deformable Microsystem for In Situ Cure Degree Monitoring of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic)
Authors: Yang Yang , Chiesura Gabriele , Vervust Thomas , Bossuyt Frederick , Luyckx Geert , Kaufmann Markus , Degrieck Joris , Vanfleteren Jan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTFibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is becoming a valid alternative to many traditional heavy metal industries because of its high specific stiffness over the more classical construction metals. Recent trend of more complex geometry of composites is causing increasing difficulty in composite manufacturing. A method to optimize the manufacturing process is thus imposed to ensure and improve the quality of manufactured parts. Because of the irregular 3D shapes of the composites, traditional flat sensor system is becoming unfavorable and nonpractical for monitoring purpose. In this work, the current development status of a deformable microsystem for in situ cure degree monitoring of a glass fibre reinforced plastic is presented. To accommodate the non-flat shape of the composites, the proposal is to interconnect non-deformable functional island, which contains the capacitive sensor for cure degree monitoring, with meander-shaped deformable interconnections. The developed sensor system is able to withstand the manufacturing process where change of pressure and internal strain, thus force exerted on the sensor system, is involved.
Retrospectiva Histórica do ensino agrícola no Brasil
Authors: Sobral Francisco José M. 
Published: September 2015

<p>Esse artigo tem por objetivo central tratar da questão da formação profissional agrícola. Desde o início do Século XX, o ensino agrícola<br />no Brasil se apresentou como meio de fixação do homem ao campo, isso ficou evidente nos ideários do “ruralismo pedagógico” ainda<br />na década de 1920. Mais tarde, inúmeras políticas educacionais voltadas para o meio rural tiveram esse mesmo objetivo. Com o surgi-<br />mento das agroindústrias no Brasil e posterior implantação de políticas voltadas à modernização do setor (Revolução Verde), inúmeras escolas agrotécnicas foram criadas com o objetivo de atender a essa demanda. O capital agroindustrial passou a requerer um profissional que, através da extensão rural, desse conta de levar a modernização aos seus agricultores, fazendo surgir o profissional Técnico em Agropecuária. No entanto, com a reestruturação do capital ocorrido à partir das décadas de 1980-90, são criadas políticas educacionais que redirecionam a lógica da formação profissional; formar para o mercado de trabalho é o objetivo central dessas políticas. Apontamos ainda os reflexos dessas políticas, principalmente para a agricultura familiar e os desdobramentos que se fizeram surgir após o Decreto 5.154/2004, que direciona a formação integral para a Rede Federal de Educação Tecnológica, objetivando uma formação emancipatória.</p>
Культура в контексте междисциплинарных научных исследований в области образования (пер. с англ. С. Кучковской)
Authors: Cole Michael 
Published: September 2015

Чтобы сформулировать условия, необходимые для осуществления общей реформы образования, автор исследует роль культуры в образовании в исторической перспективе. Организованное обучение является неотъемлемой характеристикой человека как вида, но школы возникают только тогда, когда множество людей начинают проживать поблизости друг от друга и пользоваться технологиями, позволяющими создавать избыточный продукт. Школьное образование связано с развитием институциональных иерархий и моделей культурного обмена, которые ассоциируются с письменностью и учетом, оно отражает усиление политико-экономического расслоения в обществе. Анализируя ряд стратегий, нацеленных на изменение основ школьного образования, автор раскрывает причины ограниченности их влияния. Происходящие в современном мире глобальные изменения могут, по его мнению, стать источником фундаментальной реорганизации образования. (Почётная лекция AERA 2010 г.)
Poroelastic and Poroplastic Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing in Brittle and Ductile Formations
Authors: Wang HanYi , Marongiu-Porcu Matteo , Economides Michael J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe prevailing approach for hydraulic-fracture modeling relies on linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Generally, LEFM that uses stress-intensity factor at the fracture tip gives reasonable predictions for hard-rock hydraulic-fracturing processes, but often fails to give accurate predictions of fracture geometry and propagation pressure in formations that can undergo plastic failures, such as poorly consolidated/unconsolidated sands and ductile shales. This is because the fracture-process zone ahead of the crack tip, elasto-plastic material behavior, and strong coupling between flow and stress cannot be neglected in these formations. Recent laboratory testing has revealed that in many cases, fracture-propagation conditions cannot be described by traditional LEFM models. Rather, fractures develop in cohesive zones. In this study, we developed a fully coupled poro-elasto-plastic hydraulic-fracturing model by combining the cohesive-zone method with the Mohr-Coulomb theory of plasticity, which not only can model fracture initiation and growth while considering process-zone effects, but also can capture the effects of plastic deformation in the bulk formation. The impact of the formation plastic properties on the fracture process is investigated, and the results are compared with existing models. In addition, the effects of different parameters on fracture propagation in ductile formations are also investigated through parametric study. The results indicate that plastic and highly deforming formations exhibit greater breakdown and propagation pressure. The more plastic the formation (lower cohesion strength), the higher the net pressure required to propagate the fracture. Also, lower cohesion strength leads to shorter and wider fracture geometry. The effect of formation plasticity on a hydraulic fracture is mostly controlled by initial stress contrast, cohesion strength of formation rock, and pore pressure. We also found that altering the effective fracture toughness can only partially mimic the consequences of increased toughness ahead of the fracture tip in ductile formations, but it fails to capture the effect of shear failure within the entire affected area, which can lead to underestimating the fracture width and overestimating the fracture length. For a more-accurate modeling of fracturing in ductile formations, the entire plastic-deformation region induced by the propagating fracture should be considered, especially when shear-failure areas are large.
Time-delayed contrast-enhanced MRI improves detection of brain metastases and apparent treatment volumes
Authors: Kushnirsky Marina , Nguyen Vinh , Katz Joel S. , Steinklein Jared , Rosen Lisa , Warshall Craig , Schulder Michael , Knisely Jonathan P. S. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Contrast-enhanced MRI is the preeminent diagnostic test for brain metastasis (BM). Detection of BMs for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) planning may improve with a time delay following administration of a high-relaxivity agent for 1.5-T and 3-T imaging systems. Metastasis detection with time-delayed MRI was evaluated in this study.

METHODS
Fifty-three volumetric MRI studies from 38 patients undergoing SRS for BMs were evaluated. All studies used 0.1-mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance; Bracco Diagnostics) immediately after injection, followed by 2 more axial T1-weighted sequences after 5-minute intervals (final image acquisition commenced 15 minutes after contrast injection). Two studies were motion limited and excluded. Two hundred eighty-seven BMs were identified. The studies were randomized and examined separately by 3 radiologists, who were blinded to the temporal sequence. Each radiologist recorded the number of BMs detected per scan. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared BM numbers between scans. One radiologist determined the scan on which BMs were best defined. All confirmed, visible tumors were contoured using iPlan RT treatment planning software on each of the 3 MRI data sets. A linear mixed model was used to analyze volume changes.

RESULTS
The interclass correlations for Scans 1, 2, and 3 were 0.7392, 0.7951, and 0.7290, respectively, demonstrating excellent interrater reliability. At least 1 new lesion was detected in the second scan as compared with the first in 35.3% of subjects (95% CI 22.4%–49.9%). The increase in BM numbers between Scans 1 and 2 ranged from 1 to 10. At least 1 new lesion was detected in the third scan as compared with the second in 21.6% of subjects (95% CI 11.3%–35.3%). The increase in BM numbers between Scans 2 and 3 ranged from 1 to 9. Between Scans 1 and 3, additional tumors were seen on 43.1% of scans (increase ranged from 1 to 14). The median increase in tumor number for all comparisons was 1. There was a significant increase in number of BMs detected from Scan 1 to Scan 2 (p < 0.0367) and from Scan 1 to Scan 3 (p < 0.0264). In 34 of the 51 subjects (66.7%), the radiologist selected the third scan as the one providing the clearest tumor definition. There was an average 25.4% increase in BM volume between Scans 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001) and a 9% increase in BM volume between Scans 2 and 3 (p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients who are being prepared for SRS of BMs, delayed MRI after contrast injection revealed more targets that needed treatment. In addition, apparent treatment volumes increased with a time delay. To avoid missing tumors that could be treated at the time of planned SRS and resultant "treatment failures," the authors recommend that postcontrast MR images be acquired between 10 and 15 minutes after injection in patients undergoing SRS for treatment of BMs.
Is the lateral jack-knife position responsible for cases of transient neurapraxia?
Authors: Molinares Diana Margarita , Davis Timothy T. , Fung Daniel A. , Liu John Chung-Liang , Clark Stephen , Daily David , Mok James M. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
The lateral jack-knife position is often used during transpsoas surgery to improve access to the spine. Postoperative neurological signs and symptoms are very common after such procedures, and the mechanism is not adequately understood. The objective of this study is to assess if the lateral jack-knife position alone can cause neurapraxia. This study compares neurological status at baseline and after positioning in the 25° right lateral jack-knife (RLJK) and the right lateral decubitus (RLD) position.

METHODS
Fifty healthy volunteers, ages 21 to 35, were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: Group A (RLD) and Group B (RLJK). Motor and sensory testing was performed prior to positioning. Subjects were placed in the RLD or RLJK position, according to group assignment, for 60 minutes. Motor testing was performed immediately after this 60-minute period and again 60 minutes thereafter. Sensory testing was performed immediately after the 60-minute period and every 15 minutes thereafter, for a total of 5 times. Motor testing was performed by a physical therapist who was blinded to group assignment. A follow-up call was made 7 days after the positioning sessions.

RESULTS
Motor deficits were observed in the nondependent lower limb in 100% of the subjects in Group B, and no motor deficits were seen in Group A. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the 2 groups with respect to the performance on the 10-repetition maximum test immediately immediately and 60 minutes after positioning. Subjects in Group B had a 10%–70% (average 34.8%) decrease in knee extension strength and 20%–80% (average 43%) decrease in hip flexion strength in the nondependent limb.
Sensory abnormalities were observed in the nondependent lower limb in 98% of the subjects in Group B. Thirty-six percent of the Group B subjects still exhibited sensory deficits after the 60-minute recovery period. No symptoms were reported by any subject during the follow-up calls 7 days after positioning.

CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-five degrees of right lateral jack-knife positioning for 60 minutes results in neurapraxia of the nondependent lower extremity. Our results support the hypothesis that jack-knife positioning alone can cause postoperative neurological symptoms.
Du vin et du haschisch
Authors: Baudelaire Charles 
Published: September 2015

L’ivresse est un thème récurrent dans l’œuvre de Charles Baudelaire. L’essai Du vin et du haschisch paraît en 1851. Le poète s’attache à décrire les comportements sociaux des consommateurs. Il y glorifie le vin, qui « rend bon et sociable ». Le haschisch est condamné parce qu’il est « antisocial », « il est fait pour les misérables oisifs ». Contrairement au vin, il n’incite pas à l’action et annihile toute volonté.
Specialty preferences of 1st year medical students in a Saudi Medical School – Factors affecting these choices and the influence of gender
Authors: Kaliyadan Feroze , Amin Tarek Tawfik , Qureshi Habib , Wadani Fahad Al 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background and Aims: In recent years there has been a growing appreciation of the issues of career preference in medicine as it affects student learning and academic performance. Various factors influence the specialty choices of medical students. Some specialties tend to attract students more than others. One possible consequence of this would be a mismatch between health needs and specialist numbers in the region. This study investigated the career preferences of 1st year medical students in a Saudi medical school and to assess factors affecting these choices.
Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey carried out on the 1st year undergraduate students in the college of medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. A total of 109 students (57 female and 52 males) responded to the questionnaire which was initially administered to all the students of the 1st year – A total of 120 students (response rate was 90.8%). A mixed method approach was used and qualitative data from open-ended questions were analyzed based on thematic analysis.
Results: The top choices were general surgery, internal medicine, and pediatrics. Among female students; the top specialty choices were: General surgery (23%), pediatrics (18%), and dermatology (15%). Among the male students; the top choices were: General surgery (54%) and internal medicine (23%). Of the total, 57% of the students agreed or strongly agreed that primary aptitude was the main factor affecting the choice. Only 31% felt that there was a significant influence of role model, 48% felt that the advice of others – peers and family, would be a factor influencing their choices, and 53% agreed that specialty choice would influence their future learning patterns. Males were more likely to choose a specialty based on actual aptitude for the specialty, financial rewards, and scope for research; and this gender difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Surgery was the top-choice in both genders. Other popular choices included internal medicine, pediatrics, and dermatology. Important factors affecting these choices included – primary aptitude, advice of peers, reputation, financial rewards, and the challenge involved.
Nasal angioma with osseous metaplasia
Authors: Handra-Luca Adriana , Bisseret Damien , Gorphe Philippe , Arsenovic Nebojsa 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Nasal angiomas are rare. We report a case showing osseous metaplasia and discuss pathogenesis hypotheses. A 41-year-old woman presented with a right lateronasal firm, immobile mass, and interfering with glass wearing. The computed tomography scan imaging was suggestive of chondroma while the magnetic resonance imaging showed on T1-weighted images nodule isosignal, on T2-weighted images hypersignal, and intense enhancement after contrast substance injection. The lesion was surgically resected. Histological examination revealed a 0.8 cm angioma with multifocal osseous metaplasia. The diagnosis of nasal angiomas with extensive osseous metaplasia is difficult requiring microscopic examination. Conservative surgery is the treatment of choice even at an early stage due to the limited effectiveness of embolization or drugs on the osseous component.
Recent advances in the pathology of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Ayodeji S. , Effiong A. , Adefolarin M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Pituitary adenomas are the third most common intracranial tumours. The 2004 WHO classification of pituitary adenomas has recommended the use of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and molecular techniques along with clinical and morphological evaluation in making a diagnosis. This review examines the subtypes of pituitary adenomas seen using the different diagnostic techniques. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of literature as well as an online search of databases was made. Results: The classification and molecular properties of the different subclasses are highlighted in this review. Pituitary adenomas are among the most frequent intracranial tumours and can present with over-expression of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland or pressure symptoms from the tumour. Pituitary adenomas are clonal tumours and often show over-expression of tumour suppressor genes which can sometimes be familial. Molecular studies have shown expression of common genes that can be employed to group pituitary adenomas based on their histogenetic origin. These genetic properties can be helpful in delineating those tumours which do not show clear cut lineage. This is particularly useful in the assessment of silent and plurihormonal adenomas. Several subclasses exist and the presentation may be different depending on the particular hormone produced. The prolactinomas are the commonest type followed by the silent adenomas with Gonadotroph and TSH producing adenomas constituting the rare types. Conclusion. Pituitary carcinomas are rare tumours diagnosed only in the presence of metastatic deposits in other tissues.
Accidental injuries in the dissecting room
Authors: Romero-Reveron R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Dissection of human cadavers is a core component of human anatomy teaching and learning at many medical schools but it is coupled with the risk of injury. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of accidental injuries in the dissecting room was undertaken at the Human Anatomy Department J.M. Vargas medical school during 2009-2012. Results: A total of 10 accidental injuries, were recorded, all minor. Eight (80%) injuries were from scalpel blade, other two injuries were through formatin fluids splash on the face. Discussion: Results emphasize the importance of scalpel blade safe handling techniques to reduce the risks of accidental injury.
An unusual branching of the axis artery of human upper limb - a morphological case report
Authors: Pai M. , Shenoy V. , Prabhu P. , Murlimanju B. , Prabhu L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction: During the development, 7th cervical intersegmental artery would lead to the axis artery. Axis artery is the major artery from which all other branches of the upper limb arteries arise. Materials and Methods: In the present case, variation in the branching pattern of the axis artery of upper limb was observed in an adult male cadaver. Results: There was an additional branch arising from the brachial artery and it was running in the forearm. As usual, the brachial artery bifurcated into ulnar and radial arteries. Conclusions: The knowledge of variations reported here is important to the operating surgeons and radiologists.
Paramastoid apophysis: case report
Authors: Lins C. , Amorin Júnior A. , Villarouco F. , Gatis M. , Tavares R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report a case of a paramastoid apophysis of a human skull, identified during routine lessons at the Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco and Recife-PE, Brazil. The skull used in this study showed a morphological variation present only on the right side of the occipital bone, which had a height of 18.10 mm and had a facet joint with the transverse process of the atlas, being identified as paramastoid apophysis. Other anatomical variations in skull were found as: presence of sutural bone along the lambdoidal suture and persistent metopic suture. Thus, this study will be important for the health sciences and those who keep interest in pathologies associated with atlanto-occipital joint, because the description of the structures that deviate from the normal organogenesis resulting from disorders: hereditary basis or not, has a practical interest that prints the modification to the arrangement of the constituent elements of the region and possible functional alterations resulting therefrom.