bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustered Proppant Design Optimization Utilizing Advanced Geomechanics-Flow-Reservoir Modeling
Authors: Huang Jian , Deshpande Kedar M. , Safari Reza , Fragachan Francisco , Ma Xiaodan , Smith Clayton , Mutlu Uno 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fracture potential of a formation is governed by its ability to create high quality/extensive fracture networks that can remain open during production and maintain conductivity. In permeability challenged reservoirs, overall success of the hydraulic fracture operation is measured by this fracture conductivity. Different techniques have been used to increase fracture conductivity by employing a variety of proppant placement strategies. One strategy is to involve alternating (i.e. pulsed) stages of proppant-containing fluids and proppant-free fluids to form heterogeneously distributed proppant clusters and highly conductive flow channels in between each cluster. If engineered accurately, proppant clusters can withstand closure stresses (reducing embedment or crush risk), and result in longer effective fracture length(s) with improved conductivity.
While there are a number of approaches to modify or adjust treatment schedules to optimize clustered proppant placement, many of these suffer from a consideration of only one or two aspects of a fracturing operation. There is a need for a physics based integrated methodology which couples advanced flow and geomechanical models (with production analysis) to optimize engineering design and proppant placement. In this study, clustered proppant design optimization is demonstrated within the framework of an integrated geomechanics-flow-reservoir workflow. The workflow combines quick look analysis (i.e. candidate screening) with advanced computational models (i.e. geomechanical, flow and reservoir models). Candidate screening process utilizes response surface(s) to asses fracture closure risk for multiple well(s) or formation(s). Following the screening procedure, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow analysis, geomechanical and reservoir modelling are performed on specific well(s). These results are then used to (i) adjust treatment schedule, perforation geometry, pulse frequency, flow rate, drawdown, (ii) optimize proppant cluster transport/configuration within fractures, and (iii) quantify conductivity & production uplift from multiple scenarios. The formulated workflow indicates that clustered proppant placement design can be optimized, proppant configuration/transport can be customized and operational parameters can be adjusted to maximize production.
Influence of bath temperature and pH on the structure of electrodeposited cobalt nanowires
Authors: Mehmood Tahir , Khan Babar Shahzad , Mukhtar Aiman , Tan Ming 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
To fully understand the mechanism of forming fcc Co in electrodeposition, the effect of bath temperature and pH on the structure of electrodeposited Co nanowires is studied by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. At −3.0 V and pH 2.5, the fraction of fcc Co decreases with increasing temperature, ranging from 1 (25 °C, pure fcc Co) to 0 (45 °C, pure hcp Co). The formation of hcp Co can be attributed to larger critical clusters formed at higher temperatures. The pH value has no appreciable effect on the formation of fcc Co nanowires. This is because the H adatoms produced at the cathodic surface can penetrate quickly through the thin Au film and desorb into air.
Microstructural evolution during solidification of Al–Cu-based alloys
Authors: Zaki Gergis A. , Samuel Agnes M. , Doty Herbert W. , Samuel Fawzy H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The present study focuses on the effect of alloying elements, namely, strontium, titanium, zirconium, scandium and silver, individually or in combination, on the performance of a newly developed Al-2 %Cu-based alloy. A total of thirteen alloy compositions were used in the study. Castings were prepared employing the low pressure die casting technique. The microstructures of selected samples were examined using optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Hardness measurements were also carried out on these alloys using a Brinell hardness tester. The results showed that adding Ti in the amount of 0.15 wt.% in the form of Al-5 %Ti-1 %B master alloy is sufficient to refine the grains in the cast structure in the presence of 200 ppm Sr (0.02 wt.%). Addition of Zr and Sc did not contribute further to the grain refining effect. The main role of addition of these two elements appeared in the formation of complex compounds with Al and Ti. The results obtained from the low pressure die casting samples were compared with those produced using traditional gravity die casting. No heat treatment was applied.
Plann: A command‐line application for annotating plastome sequences
Authors: Huang Daisie I. , Cronk Quentin C. B. 
Published: August 2015

Premise of the study:Plann automates the process of annotating a plastome sequence in GenBank format for either downstream processing or for GenBank submission by annotating a new plastome based on a similar, well‐annotated plastome.Methods and Results:Plann is a Perl script to be executed on the command line. Plann compares a new plastome sequence to the features annotated in a reference plastome and then shifts the intervals of any matching features to the locations in the new plastome. Plann's output can be used in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's tbl2asn to create a Sequin file for GenBank submission.Conclusions:Unlike Web‐based annotation packages, Plann is a locally executable script that will accurately annotate a plastome sequence to a locally specified reference plastome. Because it executes from the command line, it is ready to use in other software pipelines and can be easily rerun as a draft plastome is improved.
New data on the rare Afrotropical scarab beetles Orphnus drumonti Frolov and Delopleurus naviauxi Frolov et Cambefort (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Orphninae and Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Frolov Andrey , Akhmetova Lilia 
Published: August 2015

The scarab beetle genera Orphnus Macleay and Delopleurus Boheman are most speciose in the Afrotropical region. However, a number of species are only known from type specimens, sometimes only from one sex.
New locality records of Orphnus drumonti Frolov (Orphninae) and Delopleurus naviauxi Frolov et Cambefort (Scarabaeinae) are given. The previously unknown female of the former and male of the latter species are described.
On the view of dielectric properties in microwave‐assisted activated carbon preparation
Authors: Alias Norulaina , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDielectric properties are important in the conversion of agro‐wastes into activated carbon as they indicate the suitability of materials to be heated under microwave. However, dielectric properties of materials in microwave‐assisted process are very much neglected in much of published literature. This paper aims to offer perspectives on the characteristics and dielectric properties of some agro‐wastes in microwave heating. Issues involving the microwave‐assisted activation strategies and the characteristics of the derived activated carbon are also discussed. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One Question, Multiple Answers: Biochemical and Biophysical Screening Methods Retrieve Deviating Fragment Hit Lists
Authors: Schiebel Johannes , Radeva Nedyalka , Köster Helene , Metz Alexander , Krotzky Timo , Kuhnert Maren , Diederich Wibke E. , Heine Andreas , Neumann Lars , Atmanene Cedric , Roecklin Dominique , Vivat‐Hannah Valérie , Renaud Jean‐Paul , Meinecke Robert , Schlinck Nina , Sitte Astrid , Popp Franziska , Zeeb Markus , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFragment‐based lead discovery is gaining momentum in drug development. Typically, a hierarchical cascade of several screening techniques is consulted to identify fragment hits which are then analyzed by crystallography. Because crystal structures with bound fragments are essential for the subsequent hit‐to‐lead‐to‐drug optimization, the screening process should distinguish reliably between binders and non‐binders. We therefore investigated whether different screening methods would reveal similar collections of putative binders. First we used a biochemical assay to identify fragments that bind to endothiapepsin, a surrogate for disease‐relevant aspartic proteases. In a comprehensive screening approach, we then evaluated our 361‐entry library by using a reporter‐displacement assay, saturation‐transfer difference NMR, native mass spectrometry, thermophoresis, and a thermal shift assay. While the combined results of these screening methods retrieve 10 of the 11 crystal structures originally predicted by the biochemical assay, the mutual overlap of individual hit lists is surprisingly low, highlighting that each technique operates on different biophysical principles and conditions.
Lower crosslinking density enhances functional nucleus pulposus‐like matrix elaboration by human mesenchymal stem cells in carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels
Authors: Lin Huizi A. , Gupta Michelle S. , Varma Devika M. , Gilchrist M. Lane , Nicoll Steven B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEngineered constructs represent a promising treatment for replacement of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. Recently, photocrosslinked hydrogels comprised of methacrylated carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were shown to support chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and promote accumulation of NP‐like extracellular matrix (ECM). The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of CMC crosslinking density, by varying macromer concentration and modification (i.e., methacrylation) percentage, on NP‐like differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs. Constructs of lower macromer concentration (2%, w/v) exhibited significantly greater collagen II accumulation, more homogeneous distribution of ECM macromolecules, and a temporal increase in mechanical properties compared to hydrogels of higher macromer concentration (4%, w/v). Constructs of higher modification percentage (25%) gave rise to significantly elevated collagen II content and the formation of cell clusters within the matrix relative to samples of lower modification percentage (10% and 15%). These differences in functional ECM accumulation and distribution are likely attributed to the distinct crosslinked network structures of the various hydrogel formulations. Overall, CMC constructs of lower macromer concentration and modification percentage were most promising as scaffolds for NP tissue engineering based on functional ECM assembly. Optimization of such hydrogel fabrication parameters may lead to the development of clinically relevant tissue‐engineered NP replacements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 165–177, 2016.
Cellular Response to Linear and Branched Poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Whitty Elizabeth G. , Maniego Alison R. , Bentwitch Sharon A. , Guillaneuf Yohann , Jones Mark R. , Gaborieau Marianne , Castignolles Patrice 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPoly(acrylic acid‐co‐sodium acrylate) (PNaA) is a pH‐responsive polymer with potential in anticancer drug delivery. The cytotoxicity and intracellular effects of 3‐arm star, hyperbranched and linear PNaA were investigated with L1210 progenitor leukemia cells and L6 myoblast cells. Free solution capillary electrophoresis demonstrated interactions of PNaA with serum proteins. In a 72 h MTT assay most PNaAs exhibited a IC50 between 7 and 14 mmol L−1, showing that precipitation may be a sufficient purification for PNaA dilute solutions. Dialyzed 3‐arm star and hyperbranched PNaA caused an increase in L6 cell viability, challenging the suitability of MTT as cytotoxicity assay for PNaA. Fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed merging of cellular lipids after exposure to PNaA, likely caused by serum starvation.
Optically controlled switch‐mode current‐source amplifiers for on‐coil implementation in high‐field parallel transmission
Authors: Gudino Natalia , Duan Qi , de Zwart Jacco A. , Murphy‐Boesch Joe , Dodd Stephen J. , Merkle Hellmut , van Gelderen Peter , Duyn Jeff H. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeWe tested the feasibility of implementing parallel transmission (pTX) for high‐field MRI using a radiofrequency (RF) amplifier design to be located on or in the immediate vicinity of an RF transmit coil.MethodWe designed a current‐source switch‐mode amplifier based on miniaturized, nonmagnetic electronics. Optical RF carrier and envelope signals to control the amplifier were derived, through a custom‐built interface, from the RF source accessible in the scanner control. Amplifier performance was tested by benchtop measurements as well as with imaging at 7T (300 MHz) and 11.7 T (500 MHz). The ability to perform pTX was evaluated by measuring interchannel coupling and phase adjustment in a two‐channel setup.ResultsThe amplifier delivered in excess of 44 W RF power and caused minimal interference with MRI. The interface derived accurate optical control signals with carrier frequencies ranging from 64 to 750 MHz. Decoupling better than 14 dB was obtained between two coil loops separated by only 1 cm. Application to MRI was demonstrated by acquiring artifact‐free images at 7 T and 11.7 T.ConclusionWe propose an optically controlled miniaturized RF amplifier for on‐coil implementation at high fields that should facilitate implementation of high‐density pTX arrays. Magn Reson Med 76:340–349, 2016. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A joint latent class analysis for adjusting survival bias with application to a trauma transfusion study
Authors: Ning Jing , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Choi Sangbum , Hong Chuan , Piao Jin , del Junco Deborah J. , Fox Erin E. , Rahbar Elaheh , Holcomb John B. 
Published: August 2015

There is no clear classification rule to rapidly identify trauma patients who are severely hemorrhaging and may need substantial blood transfusions. Massive transfusion (MT), defined as the transfusion of at least 10 units of red blood cells within 24 h of hospital admission, has served as a conventional surrogate that has been used to develop early predictive algorithms and establish criteria for ordering an MT protocol from the blood bank. However, the conventional MT rule is a poor proxy, because it is likely to misclassify many severely hemorrhaging trauma patients as they could die before receiving the 10th red blood cells transfusion. In this article, we propose to use a latent class model to obtain a more accurate and complete metric in the presence of early death. Our new approach incorporates baseline patient information from the time of hospital admission, by combining respective models for survival time and usage of blood products transfused within the framework of latent class analysis. To account for statistical challenges, caused by induced dependent censoring inherent in 24‐h sums of transfusions, we propose to estimate an improved standard via a pseudo‐likelihood function using an expectation‐maximization algorithm with the inverse weighting principle. We evaluated the performance of our new standard in simulation studies and compared with the conventional MT definition using actual patient data from the Prospective Observational Multicenter Major Trauma Transfusion study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metamorphosis of human lumbar vertebrae induced by VEPTR growth modulation and stress shielding
Authors: Hasler Carol C. , Studer Daniel , Büchler Philippe 
Published: August 2015

Introduction Distraction-based spinal growth modulation by growing rods or vertical expandable prosthetic titanium ribs (VEPTRs) is the mainstay of instrumented operative strategies to correct early onset spinal deformities. In order to objectify the benefits, it has become common sense to measure the gain in spine height by assessing T1-S1 distance on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs. However, by ignoring growth changes on vertebral levels and by limiting measurement to one plane, valuable data is missed regarding the three-dimensional (3D) effects of growth modulation. This information might be interesting when it comes to final fusion or, even more so, when the protective growing implants are removed and the spine re-exposed to physiologic forces at the end of growth. Methods The goal of this retrospective radiographic study was to assess the growth modulating impact of year-long, distraction-based VEPTR treatment on the morphology of single vertebral bodies. We digitally measured lumbar vertebral body height (VBH) and upper endplate depth (VBD) at the time of the index procedure and at follow-up in nine patients with rib-to-ileum constructs (G1) spanning an anatomically normal lumbar spine. Nine patients with congenital thoracic scoliosis and VEPTR rib-to-rib constructs, but uninstrumented lumbar spines, served as controls (G2). All had undergone more than eight half-yearly VEPTR expansions. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical comparison of initial and follow-up VBH, VBD and height/depth (H/D) ratio (significance level 0.05). Results The average age was 7.1 years (G1) and 5.2 year (G2, p > 0.05) at initial surgery; the average overall follow-up time was 5.5 years ( p = 1). In both groups, VBH increased significantly without a significant intergroup difference. Group 1 did not show significant growth in depth, whereas VBD increased significantly in the control group. As a consequence, the H/D ratio increased significantly in group 1 whereas it remained unchanged in group 2. The growth rate for height in mm/year was 1.4 (group 1) and 1.1 (group 2, p = 0.45), and for depth, it was −0.3 and 1.1 ( p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions VEPTR growth modulating treatment alters the geometry of vertebral bodies by increasing the H/D ratio. We hypothesize that the implant-related deprivation from axial loads (stress-shielding) impairs anteroposterior growth. The biomechanical consequence of such slender vertebrae when exposed to unprotected loads in case of definitive VEPTR removal at the end of growth is uncertain.
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): norms for female university students attending a university primary health care service in Ireland
Authors: Keane S. , Clarke M. , McGrath D. , Farrelly N. , MacHale S. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is a self-report questionnaire that is used to identify probable cases of eating disorders. Norms are needed for interpretation of scores. The aim of this study is to establish norms for the EDE-Q among female university students attending a university primary health care service in Ireland and to present prevalence of key eating disorder behaviours.MethodsThe EDE-Q was administered to a consecutive sample of 200 female students aged 18–30 years attending a university primary health care service.ResultsThe mean global EDE-Q score was 1.51 (s.d.=1.28). There was a positive association between body mass index and the global EDE-Q score; 5.8% of the sample scored in the clinically significant range on the global EDE-Q score.ConclusionsThis study presents normative EDE-Q data for an Irish female university sample. These norms may inform clinicians and/or researchers in the evaluation of EDE-Q scores in Irish female university students
Sounding the field: recent works in sound studies
Authors: Boon Tim 
Published: August 2015

For sound studies, the publication of a 593-page handbook, not to mention the establishment of at least one society – the European Sound Studies Association – might seem to signify the emergence of a new academic discipline. Certainly, the books under consideration here, alongside many others, testify to an intensification of concern with the aural dimensions of culture. Some of this work comes from HPS and STS, some from musicology and cultural studies. But all of it should concern members of our disciplines, as it represents a long-overdue foregrounding of the aural in how we think about the intersections of science, technology and culture.
Stochastic Models for Chladni Figures
Authors: Arango Jaime , Reyes Carlos 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChladni figures are formed when particles scattered across a plate move due to an external harmonic force resonating with one of the natural frequencies of the plate. Chladni figures are precisely the nodal set of the vibrational mode corresponding to the frequency resonating with the external force. We propose a plausible model for the movement of the particles that explains the formation of Chladni figures in terms of the stochastic stability of the equilibrium solutions of stochastic differential equations.
Simulation as a tool to improve wave heating in fusion plasmas
Authors: Heuraux S. , da Silva F. , Ribeiro T. , Despres B. , Campos Pinto M. , Jacquot J. , Faudot E. , Wengerowsky S. , Colas L. , Lu L. 
Published: August 2015

Firstly, a brief overview will be given on different models that are able to describe the behaviour of wave propagation as a function of specific frequency ranges. Each range corresponds to different heating systems, namely, 20–100 MHz for the ion cyclotron resonant heating, 2–20 GHz for lower-hybrid heating or current drive, and 100–250 GHz for electron cyclotron resonant heating or current drive systems. The specification of every system will be explained in detail, including the typical set of equations and the assumptions needed to describe the properties of these heating or current drive systems, as well as their specific domains of validity. In these descriptions, special attention will be paid to the boundary conditions. A review of specific physical problems associated with the wave heating systems will also be provided. The review will detail the role of simulation in answering questions that arise from experiments on magnetized plasma devices devoted to fusion. A few examples that will be covered are the impact of edge turbulence on wave propagation and its consequences on heating system performance, the effects of fast particles and ponderomotive effects, among others. A study that is more focused on radio-frequency sheath effects will also be discussed. It shows that such simulations require very sophisticated tools to gain a partial understanding of the observations undertaken in dedicated experiments. To conclude this review, an overview will be given about the requirements and progress necessary to obtain relevant predictive simulation tools able to describe the wave heating systems used in fusion devices.
Quantitative activation-induced manganese-enhanced MRI reveals severity of Parkinson’s disease in mice
Authors: Kikuta Satomi , Nakamura Yukiyo , Yamamura Yukio , Tamura Atsushi , Homma Noriyasu , Yanagawa Yuchio , Tamura Hajime , Kasahara Jiro , Osanai Makoto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate that activation-induced manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with quantitative determination of the longitudinal relaxation time (qAIM-MRI) reveals the severity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in mice. We first show that manganese ion-accumulation depends on neuronal activity. A highly active region was then observed by qAIM-MRI in the caudate-putamen in PD-model mice that was significantly correlated to the severity of PD, suggesting its involvement in the expression of PD symptoms.