bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percepción sobre factores estresantes en estudiantes de Medicina de primer semestre, sus padres y sus maestros
Authors: Phinder-Puente Marian Elizabeth , Sánchez-Cardel Alfonso , Romero-Castellanos Francisco , Sánchez-Valdivieso Enrique Alejandro 
Published: April 2015

Introducción: El estudiante de Medicina que se somete a niveles de estrés elevados, puede resultar con una gama de desórdenes mentales. Investigamos la percepción de estudiantes de primer semestre de Medicina, sus padres y sus profesores, sobre los factores estresantes en su día a día.
Método: Diseñamos una guía de entrevista revisada y validada, y con ella entrevistamos a estudiantes, catedráticos de Medicina y padres de familia, y triangulamos la información. Por medio de metodología cualitativa se utilizó el diseño de “Teoría Fundamentada” de tipo sistemático, llegando a la saturación de categorías y el texto seleccionado, fue codificado y categorizado (codificación abierta).
Resultados: La mayoría de los entrevistados, tanto estudiantes, padres y profesores consideran que si se llega a producir estrés es por falta de estudio y organización, ya que desde el inicio los estudiantes y sus padres esperaban una carrera difícil.
Conclusiones: El estrés va implícito en la vida del estudiante de Medicina, donde la organización y las técnicas de estudio son importantes. Recomendamos impartir talleres sobre manejo del tiempo y técnicas de estudio.
Carta al editor
Authors: Hernández-Carrillo J. Ignacio 
Published: April 2015

He leído algunos de los artículos publicados en la revista Investigación en Educación Médica, en la que se tocan temas con interés práctico. Su Editorial “Los educadores en ciencias de la salud del siglo XXI: ¿trabajamos como locos (en el sentido Einsteniano)?”, me induce a reflexionar sobre la versatilidad que debe mostrar el humano actual, particularmente el profesional médico quien, además de ejercer esta profesión de manera pública o privada (como es mi caso), ejerce la docencia de manera empírica o profesional y más aún, contribuye a la generación del conocimiento también de manera empírica o profesional.
Escrutinio de depresión y ansiedad en twitter a través de un programa de análisis de palabras
Authors: Cabrera Arriaga Tania , Frias Luna José Adnán , Hernández Flores Salvador , Inistra Ayllon Oscar Francisco , Solís Álvarez Alex Manuel 
Published: April 2015

Introducción: Twitter es la segunda red social más utilizada en el país con aproximadamente 10.2 millones de usuarios. Es posible que a través de esta, el estado de ánimo pueda verse reflejado en las publicaciones de texto que los usuarios realizan. Un grupo de especialistas diseñó un software que promete analizar los enunciados publicados en Twiitter y detectar diversos componentes de la personalidad. Esta investigación se enfocó en conocer si es posible utilizar estas publicaciones como elementos para detectar depresión o ansiedad, y comparar la congruencia entre la interpretación del software y las pruebas in vivo a través de inventarios de diagnóstico estandarizados.

Método: Se realizó un estudio comparativo correlacional, con muestreo de sujetos por conveniencia a estudiantes de la licenciatura en Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de edades entre 18 y 24 años que tuvieran cuentas activas de Twitter, se les aplicó en persona los Inventarios de Depresión y Ansiedad de Beck. Una vez aplicados se utilizó en las cuentas de Twitter Software Analyze Words para el análisis de sus publicaciones. Los resultados fueron vaciados y analizados en el programa SPSS.

Resultados: Para el inventario de ansiedad de 3eck el valor mínimo fue O, el máximo 29 y la media 9.37. Para depresión la mínima fue igual a O, el máximo 20 y la media 4.94. Para las pruebas hechas por el software Analyze Words, para ansiedad resultó 19 como mínimo y 99 máximo con una media de 54.58; para depresión se obtuvo un mínimo de 35, máximo de 66 y media de 51.89. En la prueba de correlación de Pearson se obtuvo un valor de —.197 usando como variables el inventario deBeck y el software Analyze Words para ansiedad. De igual manera, se obtuvo en un valor de R de Pearson de .047 en las mismas pruebas para depresión.

Conclusiones: No existe concordancia entre resultados pues se considera que el software está diseñado para la población estadounidense y las publicaciones realizadas por usuarios mexicanos no proyectan sus emociones como lo hacen los norteamericanos y no tendrían las características necesarias para determinar el estado de ánimo. Como conclusión en este estudio, Twitter no muestra ser indicador diagnóstico de probables trastornos depresivos o ansiosos.
Calidad en habilidades de resucitación cardiopulmonar básica asociada a la fidelidad de simulación en pregrado
Authors: Graciela Zamora Fanny , De los Santos Rodríguez Moisés , Sierra Basto Gilberto , Luna Villanueva Edgar 
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: Comparar la calidad de habilidades en la Resucitación Cardiopulmonar Básica (RCPB) para adultos según el grado de fidelidad empleado en simulación médica.
Método: Estudio piloto experimental con 21 Estudiantes de 3' año de la Licenciatura de Médico Cirujano de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán seleccionados y divididos de forma aleatoria en grupo de Alta y Baja Fidelidad de Simulación (AFS y BES). Excluyéndose quienes tuvieran entrenamiento teórico práctico en RCP3 y/o avanzada vigente, o con capacidades limitantes. Todos recibieron: sesión teórica-multimedia de RCPB —90 minutos—, 2 evaluaciones videograbadas —5 minutos— (inicial y final: post-entrenamiento, con mismo escenario) de Mediana Fidelidad (ME), entrenamiento de AFS y BES individual (con ambientación y Torso de RCP sin ambientación) realizando mismas secuencias de entrenamiento por 10 minutos y posteriormente, se presentó reproducción en video que demostraba en 14:26 minutos las secuencias de entrenamiento para ambos grupos.
Resultados: En las puntuaciones medias de las evaluaciones de habilidades globales de RCPB: BES obtuvo 6.7 y AFS 6.27 en la evaluación inicial; BES tuvo 8.3 y AFS 9.73 en la evaluación final. Con diferencia significativa (p 0.0026, 1C 95%) con U de Mann-Whitney no pareada de 2 colas.
Conclusiones: Implementar simulación médica de alta fidelidad en estudiantes de pregrado mejora la adquisición de habilidades de RCPB.
Evaluación de la fiabilidad del cuestionario sobre estilos de aprendizaje de Felder y Soloman en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: Brito-Orta Ma. Dolores , Espinoza-Tanguma Ricardo 
Published: April 2015

Introducción: El aumento exponencial del conocimiento en el área de la medicina ha exigido la formación de estudiantes con una serie de competencias como la creatividad, el razonamiento crítico, el trabajo en equipo y el auto-aprendizaje. Por ello, es importante planear estrategias de enseñanza, dinámicas y variadas, que promuevan el desarrollo de las competencias requeridas; el identificar los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes puede facilitar dicha planeación. Objetivo: Analizar la fiabilidad del cuestionario sobre estilos de aprendizaje de Felder y Soloman, identificar los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del curso de Fisiología Humana y su laboratono de la carrera de medicina y determinar si hay diferencias debido al género. Método: Este estudio se llevó a cabo con alumnos de segundo año de la carrera que cursaron la sección de Fisiología Gastrointestinal de la materia de Fisiología Humana y su Laboratorio en los ciclos escolares 2009-2010, 2011-2012 y 2012-2013. Se aplicó el inventario de Felder y Soloman a un total de 459 estudiantes; 265 (126 mujeres y 139 hombres) lo contestaron completamente. Se calculó, al final, la fiabilidad del instrumento. Resultados: El valor del alfa de Cronbach para cada una de las cuatro dimensiones del cuestionario quedó comprendido entre 0.38 y 0.61. Los estilos de aprendizaje predominantes de los alumnos fueron el activo, el sensitivo, el visual y el secuencial. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los estilos de aprendizaje por género. Conclusiones: Los datos apoyan la confiabilidad de las dimensiones activo-reflexivo y visual verbal, pero las dimensiones sensitivo intuitivo y secuencial global requieren reevaluación. Son necesarios trabajos adicionales con poblaciones mayores de estudiantes que validen el cuestionario, a través de estimar tanto su validez como su confiabilidad. De igual forma, se recomiendan investigaciones que determinen si existe alguna relación positiva entre los estilos de aprendizaje y diversas estrategias de enseñanza.
Optimal transient growth in compressible turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Alizard F. , Pirozzoli S. , Bernardini M. , Grasso F. 
Published: April 2015

The structure of zero-pressure-gradient compressible turbulent boundary layers is analysed using the tools of optimal transient growth theory. The approach relies on the extension to compressible flows of the theoretical framework originally developed by Reynolds & Hussain (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 52, 1972, pp. 263–288) for incompressible flows. The model is based on a density-weighted triple decomposition of the instantaneous field into the contributions of the mean flow, the organized (coherent) motions and the disorganized background turbulent fluctuations. The mean field and the eddy viscosity characterizing the incoherent fluctuations are here obtained from a direct numerical simulation database. Most temporally amplified modes (optimal modes) are found to be consistent with scaling laws of turbulent boundary layers for both inner and outer layers, as well as in the logarithmic region, where they exhibit a self-similar spreading. Four free-stream Mach numbers are considered: $\mathit{Ma}_{\infty }=0.2$, 2, 3 and 4. Weak effects of compressibility on the characteristics length and the orientation angles are observed for both the inner- and the outer-layer modes. Furthermore, taking into account the effects of mean density variations, a universal behaviour is suggested for the optimal modes that populate the log layer, regardless of the Mach number. The relevance of the optimal modes in describing the near-wall layer dynamics and the eddies that populate the outer region is discussed.
THERE WAS A COLLEGE: INTRODUCINGTHE UMUAHIAN: A GOLDEN JUBILEE PUBLICATION, EDITED BY CHINUA ACHEBE
Authors: Ochiagha Terri 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTGovernment College, Umuahia is known as the alma mater of eight important Nigerian writers: Chinua Achebe, Elechi Amadi, Gabriel Okara, Chike Momah, I. N. C. Aniebo, Chukwuemeka Ike, Ken Saro-Wiwa and Christopher Okigbo. Many illustrious Nigerian scientists, intellectuals and public leaders passed through the college in its prime, and in West Africa the name of the school evokes an astounding range of success stories. But Umuahia's legend as ‘the Eton of the East’ and theprimus inter paresof Nigeria's elite colonial institutions obscures its present reality: nothing remains of its past but its extensive grounds, landmark buildings, and the glittering roll call of dignitaries who once studied within its walls. In 1979, prompted by the many signs of impending doom, a group of old boys joined hands in a historicizing venture,The Umuahian: a golden jubilee publication – the commemorative booklet compiled by the school's most famous alumnus, Chinua Achebe, to mark the college's golden jubilee. The booklet conjured up the school's founding ideals and glorious past in order to lay the ground for its rehabilitation. This introductory essay explains whyThe Umuahianis an indispensable source for the literary, cultural and educational history of West Africa, contextualizing its singular construction of colonial educational heritage. Sample and hitherto unpublished texts from the booklet by Achebe, his editorial toThe Umuahianand its coda, ‘Continuity and change in Nigerian education: a jubilee essay’, are included with the main article. While the contributors toThe Umuahianpertain to elite circles, and the volume had a world-class literary figure as its editor, the volume itself was produced for a local occasion and rarefied local audience, had a very limited distribution, and subsequently fell into obscurity. It is in the spirit of the historical and academic retrieval of such locally published and little-known materials by African thinkers and writers that this work appears in the Local Intellectuals strand.
PORRIDGE, PIETY AND PATIENCE: YOUNG QUR'ANIC STUDENTS' EXPERIENCES OF POVERTY IN KANO, NIGERIA
Authors: Hoechner Hannah 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTInequalities are growing on a global scale and rising consumerism has exacerbated the negative connotations of material deprivation in many places. What does this imply for how poor people experience their situation? What role does religion play in their lives? This paper explores these questions by studying how young Qur'anic students (almajirai) in Kano in northern Nigeria experience, and deal with, being poor. In the context of growing violent conflict related to the Boko Haram insurgency, poor Muslims, including thealmajirai, have frequently been cast as being prone to violence in order to claim their share of highly unequally distributed resources. Religion has often been portrayed as a radicalizing force in their lives. This paper challenges such views. It describes how thealmajiraideploy religious discourses to moderate feelings of inadequacy and shame triggered by experiences of exclusion. At the same time, recourse to religious discourses emphasizing the values of asceticism and endurance does not further an agenda of social change and thus risks perpetuating thealmajirai's weak social position. The paper concludes that consumerism and wealth-based definitions of status are likely to silence demands for social justice.
THREE STORIES ABOUT LIVING WITHOUT MIGRATION IN DAKAR: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE CONTRADICTIONS OF THE MORAL ECONOMY
Authors: Rodriguez Anne-Line 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on life without migration in Dakar. In a context of scarcity of opportunities and the emergence of emigrants as new models of success, many who remain are seen as unsuccessful and are under a personal or social expectation to emigrate. This paper examines the unfolding of everyday life without migration. Through ethnographic description, it points to the coexistence in the capital city of changes and continuities in the moral economy, the scarcity of income-generating opportunities for men, and women's growing financial contribution. This article suggests that, for those of an age to support their families, these transformations often mean living with contradictions. To overcome these tensions, inventive strategies of ‘demonstration’ and ‘concealment’ are deployed to fit in with the moral economy. However, living without migration in Dakar is often easier when an alternative moral economy is adhered to.
UNFOLDING THE DOUBLE SHUFFLE STRUCTURE OF -MULTIPLE ZETA VALUES
Authors: CASTILLO-MEDINA JAIME , EBRAHIMI-FARD KURUSCH , MANCHON DOMINIQUE 
Published: April 2015

We exhibit the double $q$-shuffle structure for the $q$MZVs introduced by Ohno et al. [‘Cyclic $q$-MZSV sum’, J. Number Theory132 (2012), 144–155].
Pollinator communities in strawberry crops – variation at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Ahrenfeldt E.J. , Klatt B.K. , Arildsen J. , Trandem N. , Andersson G.K.S. , Tscharntke T. , Smith H.G. , Sigsgaard L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPredicting potential pollination services of wild bees in crops requires knowledge of their spatial distribution within fields. Field margins can serve as nesting and foraging habitats for wild bees and can be a source of pollinators. Regional differences in pollinator community composition may affect this spill-over of bees. We studied how regional and local differences affect the spatial distribution of wild bee species richness, activity-density and body size in crop fields. We sampled bees both from the field centre and at two different types of semi-natural field margins, grass strips and hedges, in 12 strawberry fields. The fields were distributed over four regions in Northern Europe, representing an almost 1100 km long north-south gradient. Even over this gradient, daytime temperatures during sampling did not differ significantly between regions and did therefore probably not impact bee activity. Bee species richness was higher in field margins compared with field centres independent of field size. However, there was no difference between centre and margin in body-size or activity-density. In contrast, bee activity-density increased towards the southern regions, whereas the mean body size increased towards the north. In conclusion, our study revealed a general pattern across European regions of bee diversity, but not activity-density, declining towards the field interior which suggests that the benefits of functional diversity of pollinators may be difficult to achieve through spill-over effects from margins to crop. We also identified dissimilar regional patterns in bee diversity and activity-density, which should be taken into account in conservation management.
The soybean yield gap in Brazil – magnitude, causes and possible solutions for sustainable production
Authors: SENTELHAS P. C. , BATTISTI R. , CÂMARA G. M. S. , FARIAS J. R. B. , HAMPF A. C. , NENDEL C. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYBrazil is one of the most important soybean producers in the world. Soybean is a very important crop for the country as it is used for several purposes, from food to biodiesel production. The levels of soybean yield in the different growing regions of the country vary substantially, which results in yield gaps of considerable magnitude. The present study aimed to investigate the soybean yield gaps in Brazil, their magnitude and causes, as well as possible solutions for a more sustainable production. The concepts of yield gaps were reviewed and their values for the soybean crop determined in 15 locations across Brazil. Yield gaps were determined using potential and attainable yields, estimated by a crop simulation model for the main maturity groups of each region, as well as the average actual famers’ yield, obtained from national surveys provided by the Brazilian Government for a period of 32 years (1980–2011). The results showed that the main part of the yield gap was caused by water deficit, followed by sub-optimal crop management. The highest yield gaps caused by water deficit were observed mainly in the south of Brazil, with gaps higher than 1600 kg/ha, whereas the lowest were observed in Tapurah, Jataí, Santana do Araguaia and Uberaba, between 500 and 1050 kg/ha. The yield gaps caused by crop management were mainly concentrated in South-central Brazil. In the soybean locations in the mid-west, north and north-east regions, the yield gap caused by crop management was <500 kg/ha. When evaluating the integrated effects of water deficit and crop management on soybean yield gaps, special attention should be given to Southern Brazil, which has total yield gaps >2000 kg/ha. For reducing the present soybean yield gaps observed in Brazil, several solutions should be adopted by growers, which can be summarized as irrigation, crop rotation and precision agriculture. Improved dissemination of agricultural knowledge and the use of crop simulation models as a tool for improving crop management could further contribute to reduce the Brazilian soybean yield gap.
Effect of nature and pressure of ambient environments on the surface morphology, plasma parameters, hardness, and corrosion resistance of laser-irradiated Mg-alloy
Authors: Dawood Asadullah , Bashir Shazia , Akram Mahreen , Hayat Asma , Ahmed Sajjad , Iqbal Muhammad Hassan , Kazmi Ali Hassan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe influence of nature and pressure of ambient environment on the surface modification, plasma parameters, hardness, and corrosion resistance of Mg-alloy has been investigated. Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns, 25 mJ) at a fluence of 1.3 J cm−2 has been employed as an irradiation source. Targets of Mg-alloy were exposed in the ambient environments of argon (Ar), neon (Ne), and helium (He) at pressures ranging from 5 to 760 Torr. Scanning electron microscope has been employed to investigate the surface morphology of the irradiated targets. It reveals the formation of cavities, cones, droplets, ripples, and islands on the surface of the irradiated sample. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique was employed to measure electron temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne) of Mg-alloy. The value of electron temperature ranges from 6628 to 12,855 K, whereas the value of electron number density varies from 5.4 × 1017 to 19.2 × 1017 cm−3. The maximum Te and Ne are observed in Ar and minimum in case of He. It was also revealed that both the surface morphology and plasma parameters are strongly dependent upon nature and pressure of environmental gases. The maxima of Te is achieved at a pressure of 10 Torr for all the three ambient environments that is, Ar, Ne, and He; whereas maxima of Ne is achieved at different pressures, that is, at 760 Torr for Ar, at 200 Torr for Ne, and at 50 Torr for He. The hardness and corrosion resistance of irradiated Mg-alloy have been explored using Vickers Micro-hardness tester and Potentio-dynamic polarization technique, respectively. It was investigated that as compared with un-irradiated target, the hardness as well as corrosion resistance of the laser-irradiated target has been increased significantly in all environments. Plasma parameters, mechanical, and electrical properties of laser-irradiated Mg-alloy have been correlated with induced surface modifications and are strongly influenced by environmental conditions.
European New Legal Realism and International Law: How to Make International Law Intelligible
Authors: HOLTERMANN JAKOB V. H. , MADSEN MIKAEL RASK 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInternational law remains in many ways a challenge to legal science. As in domestic law, the available options appear to be exhausted by either internal doctrinal approaches, or external approaches applying more general empirical methods from the social sciences. This article claims that, while these major positions obviously provide interesting insights, none of them manage to make international law intelligible in a broader sense. Instead, it argues for a European New Legal Realist approach to international law accommodating the so-called external and internal dimensions of law in a single more complex analysis which takes legal validity seriously but as a genuinely empirical object of study. This article constructs this position by identifying a distinctively European realist path which takes as its primary inspirations Weberian sociology of law and Alf Ross’ Scandinavian Legal Realism and combines them with insights originating from Bourdieusian sociology of law.