bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of the adipokinetic hormone/corazonin‐related peptide signaling system in Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Zandawala Meet , Haddad Amir S. , Hamoudi Zina , Orchard Ian 
Published: July 2015

The mammalian gonadotropin‐releasing hormone is evolutionarily related to the arthropod adipokinetic hormone and the recently discovered adipokinetic hormone/corazonin‐related peptide (ACP). The function of the ACP signaling system in arthropods is currently unknown. In the present study, we identify and characterize the ACP signaling system in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus. We isolated the complete cDNA sequence encoding R. prolixus ACP (Rhopr‐ACP) and examined its expression pattern. Rhopr‐ACP is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system. In particular, it is found in both the brain and corpus cardiacum (CC)/corpora allata (CA) complex. To gain an insight into its role in R. prolixus, we also isolated and functionally characterized cDNA sequences of three splice variants (Rhopr‐ACPR‐A, B and C) encoding R. prolixus ACP G protein‐coupled receptor (Rhopr‐ACPR). Rhopr‐ACPR‐A has only five transmembrane domains, whereas Rhopr‐ACPR‐B and C have all seven domains. Interestingly, Rhopr‐ACPR‐A, B and C were all activated by Rhopr‐ACP, albeit at different sensitivities, when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the human G‐protein G16 (CHO/G16). To our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate a truncated receptor cDNA in invertebrates that is functional in a heterologous expression system. Moreover, Rhopr‐ACPR‐B and C but not Rhopr‐ACPR‐A can be coupled with Gq α subunits. Expression profiling indicates that Rhopr‐ACPR is highly expressed in the central nervous system, as well as the CC/CA complex, suggesting that it may control the release of other hormones found in the CC in a manner analogous to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone. Temporal expression profiling shows that both Rhopr‐ACP and Rhopr‐ACPR are upregulated after ecdysis, suggesting that this neuropeptide may be involved in processes associated with post‐ecdysis.
Evolution processes of Ordovician–Devonian arc system in the South‐Kitakami Massif and its relevance to the Ordovician ophiolite pulse
Authors: Ozawa Kazuhito , Maekawa Hirokazu , Shibata Ken , Asahara Yoshihiro , Yoshikawa Masako 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe South Kitakami Massif is one of the oldest geological domains in Japan having Silurian strata with acidic pyroclastic rocks and Ordovician–Silurian granodiorite–tonalite basement, suggesting that it was matured enough to develop acidic volcanisms in the Silurian period. On the northern and western margin of the South Kitakami Massif, an Ordovician arc ophiolite (Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite) and high‐pressure and low‐temperature metamorphic rocks (Motai metamorphic rocks) exhumed sometime in the Ordovician–Devonian periods are distributed. Chronological, geological, and petrochemical studies on the Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite, Motai metamorphic rocks, and other early Paleozoic geological units of the South Kitakami Massif are reviewed for reconstruction of the South Kitakami arc system during Ordovician to Devonian times with supplementary new data. The reconstruction suggests a change in the convergence polarity from eastward‐ to westward‐dipping subduction sometime before the Late Devonian period. The Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite was developed above the eastward‐dipping subduction through three distinctive stages. Two separate stages of overriding plate extension inducing decompressional melting with minor involvement of slab‐derived fluid occurred before and after a stage of melting under strong influence of slab‐derived fluids. The first overriding plate extension took place in the back‐arc side forming a back‐arc basin. The second one took place immediately before the ophiolite exhumation and near the fore‐arc region. We postulate that the second decompressional melting was triggered by slab breakoff, which was preceded by slab rollback inducing trench‐parallel wedge mantle flow and non‐steady fluid and heat transport leaving exceptionally hydrous residual mantle. The formation history of the Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite implies that weaker plate coupling may provide preferential conditions for exhumation of very hydrous mantle. Very hydrous peridotites involved in arc magmatism have not yet been discovered except for in the Cambrian–Ordovician periods, suggesting its implications for global geodynamics, such as the thermal state and water circulation in the mantle.
Petrology and geochemistry of ultrahigh‐temperature granulites from the South Altay orogenic belt, northwestern China: Implications for metamorphic evolution and protolith composition
Authors: Yang Xiaoqiang , Li Zilong , Wang Huihui , Chen Hanlin , Li Yinqi , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUltrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulites in the South Altay orogenic belt of Northwestern China provide important clues for the lower crustal components and tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt during the Paleozoic. In this paper, we studied whole‐rock geochemistry and mineral characteristics to understand the protolith and metamorphic evolution of the Altay UHT granulite. The Altay granulite shows negative discriminant function values (DF) of −9.27 to −3.95, indicating a sedimentary origin, probably an argillaceous rock. The peak metamorphic temperature–pressure conditions of 920–1010 °C and > 9 kbar were estimated from the geothermobarometry, together with the stability of spinel (low ZnO) + quartz and orthopyroxene (Al2O3 up to 9.2 wt.%) + sillimanite + quartz in the Altay UHT rock, indicate a UHT metamorphic condition has been achieved. Two stages of retrograde conditions are recognized in these rocks; the first is an isothermal decompression to approx. 750 °C at 5.2–5.8 kbar at the early stage, and the second is the cooling down to 520–550 °C at 4.8–5.2 kbar. Combined with previous study, the formation of the Altay UHT pelitic granulite with a clockwise retrograde P–T path is inferred to be related with collisional and accretional orogenic process between the Siberian and Kazakhstan–Junggar plates.
Petrogenesis of diabase from accretionary prism in the southern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet: Evidence from U–Pb geochronology, petrochemistry and Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotope characteristics
Authors: Li Jin‐Xiang , Qin Ke‐Zhang , Li Guang‐Ming , Zhao Jun‐Xing , Cao Ming‐Jian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Bangong–Nujiang suture (BNS) between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes is an important boundary and its petrogenesis is controversial. Diabase from the accretionary prism in the southern Qiangtang terrane yields a zircon U–Pb age of 181.3 ± 1.4 Ma. All the diabases show tholeiitic basalt compositions, gentle enrichment patters of light rare earth elements (REE), variable enrichment in incompatible element concentrations (e.g. Th and Rb), and no anomaly in high field strength elements (e.g. Nb and Ta), similar to that of enriched mid‐ocean ridge basalt (E‐MORB). They have relatively homogeneous whole rock Nd (εNd(t) = 7.3–9.1) and zircon Hf–O isotopic compositions (εHf(t) = 14.8–16.1, and δ18O = 4.57–6.12‰), possibly indicating melting of the depleted mantle and no significant crustal contamination during the petrogenesis. The element variations suggest that the diabases were formed by plume–ridge interaction at a mid‐ocean ridge within the Bangong–Nujiang ocean.
Effects of La/Ce Ratio on Coloring and Crystallization of MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐TiO2‐CeO2‐La2O3 Glasses
Authors: Wang Hui‐Juan , Li Bo‐Tao , Lin Hui‐Xing , Chen Wei , Luo Lan 
Published: July 2015

1.0MgO‐1.2Al2O3‐2.8SiO2‐1.2TiO2‐(0.6‐2x)CeO2‐xLa2O3(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) glasses are prepared, and the La/Ce ratio‐dependent coloring and crystallization are investigated by optical transmission spectrum, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and network analyzer. The results show that the coloring of the parent glasses varies markedly with La/Ce ratio, while the crystallization of the glasses shows no significant difference. With the increase in x, the color of the glass ranges from red‐brown to yellow and the transmittance increases markedly in visible region. The deepest color when x = 0 is related with the predominant presence of Ti4+ and Ce3+, while the lightest color when x = 0.3 is attributed to Ti4+. Perrierite, rutile, cordierite, and magnesium aluminotitanate (MAT) are found for all the glass–ceramic samples, and the relative content of these phases is almost unchanged at the same crystallization temperature. However, the chemical composition of perrierite changes greatly with La/Ce ratio. As La2O3 replaces CeO2 gradually, the dielectric constant εr maintains at about 11 and the quality factor Q×f fluctuates within a narrow range from 20,000 GHz to 22 000 GHz, while the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf varies between 38 and 52 ppm/°C.
Materials, Techniques, and Conservation of Historic Stained Glass “Grisailles”
Authors: Pradell Trinitat , Molina Gloria , Murcia Sonia , Ibáñez Rafael , Liu Chaoren , Molera Judit , Shortland Andrew J. 
Published: July 2015

A grisaille is a brown‐blackish paint applied onto the inner surface of stained glass to draw the contours and details of the figures and to produce the effect of shades and volumes. Grisailles were traditionally made of finely ground oxides of iron but also of copper, zinc, lead, or manganese mixed with a flux such as lead ground glass and a binder and fixed onto the flat glass by firing. The grisailles have typical layer thickness varying between 10 and 100 μm and are formed by a complex mixture of pigment particles, crystalline, and amorphous reaction compounds, aging, and weathering compounds. The high brilliance, collimation, energy selection, and monochromacity of the SR beam are ideal to obtain micro‐XRD patterns from thin cross sections of the grisailles. The analyses are complemented with SEM‐EDX and LA‐ICPMS. A selection of grisailles from several cathedrals and buildings in Spain, Avila, Burgos, Alcalá de Henares, and in particular from Segovia, dating from early 16th to the 20th century and belonging to several master glaziers are studied. Changes in the methods of production and materials in the different historical periods are obtained and also related to the conservation state of the materials.
Daytime sleep duration and the development of childhood overweight: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Bolijn R. , Gubbels J. S. , Sleddens E. F. C. , Kremers S. P. J. , Thijs C. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryReduced nighttime sleep is a risk factor for childhood overweight, but the association between daytime sleep and overweight is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate daytime sleep duration as an independent risk factor for childhood overweight. Data from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study on daytime and nighttime sleep at 2 years (N = 2322), and body mass index (BMI) around 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 years were used. Multivariable general estimating equation regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of sleep duration with BMI (linear) and overweight (logistic). No associations between daytime sleep and BMI or overweight were found, whereas longer nighttime sleep was associated with lower BMI and lower risk of overweight persisting up to age 9. Daytime sleep duration is probably less relevant for prevention of childhood overweight.
The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat‐labile toxin alters the development and antigen‐presenting capacity of dendritic cells
Authors: Ji Jing , Griffiths Kristin L , Milburn Peter J , Hirst Timothy R , O'Neill Helen C 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEscherichia coli's heat‐labile enterotoxin (Etx) and its non‐toxic B subunit (EtxB) have been characterized as adjuvants capable of enhancing T cell responses to co‐administered antigen. Here, we investigate the direct effect of intravenously administered EtxB on the size of the dendritic and myeloid cell populations in spleen. EtxB treatment appears to enhance the development and turnover of dendritic and myeloid cells from precursors within the spleen. EtxB treatment also gives a dendritic cell (DC) population with higher viability and lower activation status based on the reduced expression of MHC‐II, CD80 and CD86. In this respect, the in vivo effect of EtxB differs from that of the highly inflammatory mediator lipopolysaccharide. In in vitro bone marrow cultures, EtxB treatment was also found to enhance the development of DC from precursors dependent on Flt3L. In terms of the in vivo effect of EtxB on CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in mice, the interaction of EtxB directly with DC was demonstrated following conditional depletion of CD11c+ DC. In summary, all results are consistent with EtxB displaying adjuvant ability by enhancing the turnover of DC in spleen, leading to newly mature myeloid and DC in spleen, thereby increasing DC capacity to perform as antigen‐presenting cells on encounter with T cells.
A novel quality scoring system for the evaluation of individual colonoscopy: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhan Qiang , Xiang Li , Zhao Xinhua , An Shengli , Wang Yadong , Xu Yangzhi , Li Aimin , Gong Wei , Bai Yang , Zhang Yali , Liu Side 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:It is essential to develop a novel evaluation system for the quality of individual colonoscopy and provide guidelines on whether and when to follow up the patient after the initial colonoscopy. This study aimed to establish and validate a scoring system for the quality of individual colonoscopy in terms of the adenoma miss rate (AMR).Methods:Patients undergoing two consecutive colonoscopies within 90 days between 2009 and 2011 from different levels of hospitals in China were enrolled into this study. Potential risk factors for adenoma miss at the individual colonoscopy in a cohort of patients were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Corresponding scores for the procedure‐related factors were generated based on their weights, and a scoring system was established and then validated by correlating the system with AMR.Results:A total of 2093 patients were enrolled. Procedure‐related factors at the individual colonoscopy (including bowel preparation and imaging methods), doctor experience, retroflexion, and withdrawal time were identified to be independent risk factors, and each of these factors was scored from 0 to 3. Then, a novel scoring system for the quality of individual colonoscopy (ranging from 0 to 9) was established, which was closely correlated with the AMRs in the establishment (adjusted R2 = 0.845) and validation databases (adjusted R2 = 0.733).Conclusions:The developed and validated evaluation system, consisting of procedure‐related independent factors, successfully assesses the quality of individual colonoscopy in terms of AMRs.
Monazite as a monitor of melting, garnet growth and feldspar recrystallization in continental lower crust
Authors: Dumond G. , Goncalves P. , Williams M. L. , Jercinovic M. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMonazite is a common accessory phase in felsic granulite ribbon mylonites exposed in the Upper Deck domain of the Athabasca granulite terrane, western Canadian Shield. Field relationships, bulk rock geochemistry and phase equilibria modelling in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3 system are consistent with the garnet‐rich rocks representing the residual products of ultrahigh temperature melting of biotite‐bearing paragneisses driven by intraplating of mafic magma in continental lower crust. The c. 2.64–2.61 Ga Y‐rich resorbed monazite cores included in garnet are interpreted as relicts of detrital grains deposited on the Earth's surface after c. 2.61 Ga. Yttrium‐poor monazite domains in garnet are depleted in Sm and Gd and linked to fluid‐absent melting of biotite + plagioclase + quartz ± sillimanite during a prograde loading path from ≤0.8 to ≥1.4 GPa. The c. 2.61–2.55 Ga Y‐depleted, Th‐rich monazite domains crystallized in the presence of garnet + ternary feldspar ± orthopyroxene + peraluminous melt. The c. 2.58–2.52 Ga monazite rims depleted in Th + Ca and enriched in Eu are linked to localized melt extraction synchronous with growth of high‐pressure (HP) grossular‐rich garnet at the expense of plagioclase during crustal thickening, culminating at >950 °C. Re‐heating and dextral transpressive lower crustal reactivation at c. 1.9 Ga resulted in syn‐kinematic growth of (La + Ce)‐enriched monazite and a second generation of garnet, concurrent with recrystallization of feldspar and orthopyroxene at 1.0–1.2 GPa and 600–700 °C. Monazite grains in this study are marked by positive Eu‐anomalies relative to chondrite. A direct link is implied between Y, Sm, Eu and Gd in monazite and two major phases in continental lower crust: garnet and plagioclase. Positive Eu‐anomalies in lower crustal monazite associated with modally abundant garnet appear to be directly related to Eu‐enrichment and depletions of Y, Sm and Gd that are consequences of garnet growth and plagioclase breakdown during HP melting of peraluminous bulk compositions.
Extended conformation of the proline‐rich domain of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐interacting protein‐like 1: implications for retina disease
Authors: Yadav Ravi P , Majumder Anurima , Gakhar Lokesh , Artemyev Nikolai O. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMutations in the primate‐specific proline‐rich domain (PRD) of aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐interacting protein‐like 1 (AIPL1) are thought to cause Leber congenital amaurosis or dominant cone‐rod dystrophy. The role of PRD and the mechanisms of PRD mutations are poorly understood. Here, we have examined properties of hAIPL1 and effects of the PRD mutations on protein structure and function. Solution structures of hAIPL1, hAIPL11‐316 with PRD truncation, and the P351Δ12 and P376S mutants were examined by small angle X‐ray scattering. Our analysis suggests that PRD assumes an extended conformation and does not interact with the FK506‐binding and tetratricopeptide domains. The PRD truncation, but not PRD mutations, reduced the molecule's radius of gyration and maximum dimension. We demonstrate that hAIPL1 is a monomeric protein, and its secondary structure and stability are not affected by the PRD mutations. PRD itself is an extended monomeric random coil. The PRD mutations caused little or no changes in hAIPL1 binding to known partners, phosphodiesterase‐6A and HSP90. We also identified the γ‐subunit of phosphodiesterase‐6 as a novel partner of hAIPL1 and hypothesize that this interaction is altered by P351Δ12. Our results highlight the complexity of mechanisms of PRD mutations in disease and the possibility that certain mutations are benign variants.
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Mutations in the proline‐rich domain (PRD) of human AIPL1 cause severe retinal diseases, yet the role of PRD and the mechanisms of PRD mutations are unknown. Here, we describe a SAXS‐derived solution structure of AIPL1 and functional properties of disease‐linked AIPL1‐PRD mutants. This structure and functional analyses provide a framework for understanding the mechanisms of PRD in disease.
Could transient hypoxia be associated with rhythmic masticatory muscle activity in sleep bruxism in the absence of sleep‐disordered breathing? A preliminary report
Authors: Dumais I. E. , Lavigne G. J. , Carra M. C. , Rompré P. H. , Huynh N. T. 
Published: July 2015

SummarySleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive jaw‐muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep. Sleep bruxism activity is characterised by rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA). Many but not all RMMA episodes are associated with sleep arousal. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether transient oxygen saturation level change can be temporally associated with genesis of RMMA/SB. Sleep laboratory or home recordings data from 22 SB (tooth grinding history in the absence of reported sleep‐disordered breathing) and healthy subjects were analysed. A total of 143 RMMA/SB episodes were classified in four categories: (i) no arousal + no body movement; (ii) arousal + no body movement; (iii) no arousal + body movement; (iv) arousal + body movement. Blood oxygen levels (SaO2) were assessed from finger oximetry signal at the baseline (before RMMA), and during RMMA. Significant variation in SaO2 over time (P = 0·001) was found after RMMA onset (+7 to +9 s). No difference between categories (P = 0·91) and no interaction between categories and SaO2 variation over time (P = 0·10) were observed. SaO2 of six of 22 subjects (27%) remained equal or slight increase after the RMMA/SB onset (+8 s) compared to baseline; 10 subjects (45%) slightly decreased (drop 0·01–1%) and the remaining (27%) decreased between 1% and 2%. These preliminary findings suggest that a subgroup of SB subjects had (i) a minor transient hypoxia potentially associated with the onset of RMMA episodes, and this (ii) independently of concomitant sleep arousal or body movements.
Nonporphyritic chondrules and chondrule fragments in enstatite chondrites: Insights into their origin and secondary processing
Authors: Varela M. E. , Sylvester P. , Brandstätter F. , Engler A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSixteen nonporphyritic chondrules and chondrule fragments were studied in polished thin and thick sections in two enstatite chondrites (ECs): twelve objects from unequilibratedEH3 Sahara 97158 and four objects from equilibratedEH4 Indarch. Bulk major element analyses, obtained with electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and analytical scanning electron microscopy (ASEM), as well as bulk lithophile trace element analyses, determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS), show that volatile components (K2O + Na2O versus Al2O3) scatter roughly around theCIline, indicating equilibration with the chondritic reservoir. All lithophile trace element abundances in the chondrules from Sahara 97158 and Indarch are within the range of previous analyses of nonporphyritic chondrules in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs). The unfractionated (solar‐like) Yb/Ce ratio of the studied objects and the mostly unfractionated refractory lithophile trace element (RLTE) abundance patterns indicate an origin by direct condensation. However, the objects possess subchondritic CaO/Al2O3ratios; superchondritic (Sahara 97158) and subchondritic (Indarch) Yb/Sc ratios; and chondritic‐normalized deficits in Nb, Ti, V, and Mn relative toRLTEs. This suggests a unique nebular process for the origin of theseECs, involving elemental fractionation of the solar gas by the removal of oldhamite, niningerite, and/or another phase prior to chondrule condensation. A layered chondrule in Sahara 97158 is strongly depleted in Nb in the core compared to the rim, suggesting that the solar gas was heterogeneous on the time scales of chondrule formation. Late stage metasomatic events produced the compositional diversity of the studied objects by addition of moderately volatile and volatile elements. In the equilibrated Indarch chondrules, this late process has been further disturbed, possibly by a postaccretional process (diffusion?) that preferentially mobilized Rb with respect to Cs in the studied objects.