bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Maintenance of Differentiated Embryoid Bodies in Microfluidic Systems: A Platform for Personalized Medicine
Authors: Guven Sinan , Lindsey Jennifer S. , Poudel Ishwari , Chinthala Sireesha , Nickerson Michael D. , Gerami-Naini Behzad , Gurkan Umut A. , Anchan Raymond M. , Demirci Utkan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Hormone replacement therapies have become important for treating diseases such as premature ovarian failure or menopausal complications. The clinical use of bioidentical hormones might significantly reduce some of the potential risks reportedly associated with the use of synthetic hormones. In the present study, we demonstrate the utility and advantage of a microfluidic chip culture system to enhance the development of personalized, on-demand, treatment modules using embryoid bodies (EBs). Functional EBs cultured on microfluidic chips represent a platform for personalized, patient-specific treatment cassettes that can be cryopreserved until required for treatment. We assessed the viability, differentiation, and functionality of EBs cultured and cryopreserved in this system. During extended microfluidic culture, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and anti-müllerian hormone levels were measured, and the expression of differentiated steroidogenic cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry assay for the ovarian tissue markers anti-müllerian hormone receptor type II, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and inhibin β-A and the estrogen biosynthesis enzyme aromatase. Our studies showed that under microfluidic conditions, differentiated steroidogenic EBs continued to secrete estradiol and progesterone at physiologically relevant concentrations (30–120 pg/ml and 150–450 pg/ml, respectively) for up to 21 days. Collectively, we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using a microfluidic chip system with continuous flow for the differentiation and extended culture of functional steroidogenic stem cell-derived EBs, the differentiation of EBs into cells expressing ovarian antigens in a microfluidic system, and the ability to cryopreserve this system with restoration of growth and functionality on thawing. These results present a platform for the development of a new therapeutic system for personalized medicine.
The impact of atmospheric pCO2 on carbon isotope ratios of the atmosphere and ocean
Authors: Galbraith Eric D. , Kwon Eun Young , Bianchi Daniele , Hain Mathis P. , Sarmiento Jorge L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is well known that the equilibration timescale for the isotopic ratios 13C/12C and 14C/12C in the ocean mixed layer is on the order of a decade, 2 orders of magnitude slower than for oxygen. Less widely appreciated is the fact that the equilibration timescale is quite sensitive to the speciation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the mixed layer, scaling linearly with the ratio DIC/CO2, which varies inversely with atmospheric pCO2. Although this effect is included in models that resolve the role of carbon speciation in air‐sea exchange, its role is often unrecognized, and it is not commonly considered in the interpretation of carbon isotope observations. Here we use a global three‐dimensional ocean model to estimate the redistribution of the carbon isotopic ratios between the atmosphere and ocean due solely to variations in atmospheric pCO2. Under Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) pCO2, atmospheric Δ14C is increased by ≈30‰ due to the speciation change, all else being equal, raising the surface reservoir age by about 250 years throughout most of the ocean. For 13C, enhanced surface disequilibrium under LGM pCO2 causes the upper ocean, atmosphere, and North Atlantic Deep Water δ13C to become at least 0.2‰ higher relative to deep waters ventilated by the Southern Ocean. Conversely, under high pCO2, rapid equilibration greatly decreases isotopic disequilibrium. As a result, during geological periods of high pCO2, vertical δ13C gradients may have been greatly weakened as a direct chemical consequence of the high pCO2, masquerading as very well ventilated or biologically dead Strangelove Oceans. The ongoing anthropogenic rise of pCO2 is accelerating the equilibration of the carbon isotopes in the ocean, lowering atmospheric Δ14C and weakening δ13C gradients within the ocean to a degree that is similar to the traditional fossil fuel “Suess” effect.
Impact of errors in the downwelling irradiances on simulations of snow water equivalent, snow surface temperature, and the snow energy balance
Authors: Lapo Karl E. , Hinkelman Laura M. , Raleigh Mark S. , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe forcing irradiances (downwelling shortwave and longwave irradiances) are the primary drivers of snowmelt; however, in complex terrain, few observations, the use of estimated irradiances, and the influence of topography and elevation all lead to uncertainties in these radiative fluxes. The impact of uncertainties in the forcing irradiances on simulations of snow is evaluated in idealized modeling experiments. Two snow models of contrasting complexity, the Utah Energy Balance Model (UEB) and the Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM), are forced with irradiances with prescribed errors of the structure and magnitude representative of those found in methods for estimating the downwelling irradiances. Relatively modest biases have substantial impacts on simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) and surface temperature (Ts) across a range of climates, whereas random noise at the daily scale has a negligible effect on modeled SWE and Ts. Shortwave biases have a smaller SWE impact, due to the influence of albedo, and Ts impact, due to their diurnal cycle, compared to equivalent longwave biases. Warmer sites exhibit greater sensitivity to errors when evaluated using SWE, while colder sites exhibit more sensitivity as evaluated using Ts. The two models displayed different sensitivity and responses to biases. The stability feedback in the turbulent fluxes explains differences in Ts between models in the negative longwave bias scenarios. When the models diverge during melt events, differences in the turbulent fluxes and internal energy change of the snow are found to be responsible. From this analysis, we suggest model evaluations use Ts in addition to SWE.
A hierarchicalBayesian regional model for nonstationary precipitation extremes inNorthernCalifornia conditioned on tropical moisture exports
Authors: Steinschneider Scott , Lall Upmanu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWarm, moist, and longitudinally confined tropical air masses are being linked to some of the most extreme precipitation and flooding events in the midlatitudes. The interannual frequency and intensity of such atmospheric rivers (ARs), or tropical moisture exports (TMEs), are connected to the risk of extreme precipitation events in areas where moisture convergence occurs. This study presents a nonstationary, regional frequency analysis of precipitation extremes in Northern California that is conditioned on the interannual variability of TMEs entering the region. Parameters of a multisite peaks‐over‐threshold model are allowed to vary conditional on the integrated moisture delivery from TMEs over the area. Parameters are also related to time‐invariant, local characteristics to facilitate regionalization to ungaged sites. The model is developed and calibrated in a hierarchical Bayesian framework to support partial pooling and enhance regionalization skill. The model is cross validated along with two alternative, increasingly parsimonious formulations to assess the additional skill provided by the covariates. Climate diagnostics are also used to better understand the instances where TMEs fail to explain variations in rainfall extremes to provide a path forward for further model improvement. The modeling structure is designed to link seasonal forecasting and long‐term projections of TMEs directly to regional models of extremes used for risk estimation. Results suggest that the inclusion of TME‐based information greatly improves the characterization of extremes, particularly for their frequency of occurrence. Diagnostics indicate that the model could be further improved by considering an index for frontal systems as an additional covariate.
Ein Hochdruckpolymorph von Phosphoroxidnitrid mit Coesit‐Struktur
Authors: Baumann Dominik , Niklaus Robin , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDie chemischen Eigenschaften von Phosphoroxidnitrid (PON) ähneln denen des isosteren Siliciumdioxids. Hier berichten wir über eine neue Hochdruckphase von PON. Diese Modifikation kristallisiert in der Coesit‐Struktur und wurde mittels Multianviltechnik hergestellt. Dies ist das erste Beispiel für das Auftreten dieser sehr dichten Netzwerkstruktur außerhalb von SiO2. Coesit‐PON (coe‐PON) lässt sich phasenrein und in makroskopischen Mengen bei Drücken über 15 GPa synthetisieren. Wir konnten die Verbindung durch Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie, DFT‐Rechnungen, FTIR‐ und MAS‐NMR‐Spektroskopie sowie temperaturabhängige Röntgenbeugung gründlich charakterisieren. Diese Ergebnisse stellen einen fundamentalen Fortschritt bei der Erkundung des Phasendiagramms von PON bei sehr hohen Drücken dar und ebnen möglicherweise den Weg zur Synthese einer Stishovit‐artigen Modifikation mit sechsfach koordiniertem Phosphor.
Multipore Zeolites: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Moliner Manuel , Martínez Cristina , Corma Avelino 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the last few years, important efforts have been made to synthesize so‐called “multipore” zeolites, which contain channels of different dimensions within the same crystalline structure. This is a very attractive subject, since the presence of pores of different sizes would favor the preferential diffusion of reactants and products through those different channel systems, allowing unique catalytic activities for specific chemical processes. In this Review we describe the most attractive achievements in the rational synthesis of multipore zeolites, containing small to extra‐large pores, and the improvements reported for relevant chemical processes when these multipore zeolites have been used as catalysts.
Modulating Weak Interactions for Molecular Recognition: A Dynamic Combinatorial Analysis for Assessing the Contribution of Electrostatics to the Stability of CH–π Bonds in Water
Authors: Jiménez‐Moreno Ester , Gómez Ana M. , Bastida Agatha , Corzana Francisco , Jiménez‐Oses Gonzalo , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Asensio Juan Luis 
Published: February 2015

AbstractElectrostatic and charge‐transfer contributions to CH–π complexes can be modulated by attaching electron‐withdrawing substituents to the carbon atom. While clearly stabilizing in the gas phase, the outcome of this chemical modification in water is more difficult to predict. Herein we provide a definitive and quantitative answer to this question employing a simple strategy based on dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
Access to Nitriles from Aldehydes Mediated by an Oxoammonium Salt
Authors: Kelly Christopher B. , Lambert Kyle M. , Mercadante Michael A. , Ovian John M. , Bailey William F. , Leadbeater Nicholas E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA scalable, high yielding, rapid route to access an array of nitriles from aldehydes mediated by an oxoammonium salt (4‐acetylamino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as an ammonia surrogate has been developed. The reaction likely involves two distinct chemical transformations: reversible silyl‐imine formation between HMDS and an aldehyde, followed by oxidation mediated by the oxoammonium salt and desilylation to furnish a nitrile. The spent oxidant can be easily recovered and used to regenerate the oxoammonium salt oxidant.
A case of conjoined twins after a transfer of a multinuclear embryo
Authors: Mankonen Harri , Seikkula Jaana , Järvenpää Tuija , Jokimaa Varpu 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageA pregnancy with conjoined twins was observed after transfer of a multinuclear embryo. As nuclear mechanisms have a role in cellular differentiation, association between multinucleation and fetal malformations is possible. Follow‐up studies on children born after transfer of embryos with bi/multinuclear blastomeres are needed.
Chiral Amine Enantiomeric Excess Determination Using Self‐Assembled Octahedral Fe(II)‐Imine Complexes
Authors: Dragna Justin M. , Gade Alexandra M. , Tran Lee , Lynch Vince M. , Anslyn Eric V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA receptor assembly composed of iron(II) triflate and pyridine‐2,6‐dicarbaldehyde was used to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee) of alpha‐chiral primary amines using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The alpha chiral amines condense with the dialdehyde to form a diimine, which forms a 2:1 octahedral complex with iron(II). The ee values of unknown concentrations of alpha‐chiral amines were determined by constructing calibration curves for each amine and then measuring the ellipticity at 600 nm. This improves our previously reported assay for ee determination of chiral primary amines by further increasing the wavelength at which CD is measured and reducing the absolute error of the assay. Chirality 27:294–298, 2015. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Einsatz mikrostrukturierter Rohre in Verdampfern
Authors: Müller Björn C. F. , Luke Andrea 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDie Wirtschaftlichkeit und Energieeffizienz von Prozessen in der Gasverflüssigung hängt u. a. von den im Verdampfer erzielten Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten ab. Hier werden Berechnungsmethoden für den Einfluss von Oberflächenstrukturen auf den Wärmeübergang beim Sieden diskutiert. Es wird eine theoretisch begründete Berechnungsmethode entwickelt und eine fundierte Datenbasis für die Auslegung von Verdampfern aufgestellt. Dafür werden neben Einzelrohren auch kleine Rohrbündel im Labormaßstab untersucht und die Ergebnisse im Technikum des Industriepartners verifiziert.
Screening bone marrow samples for abnormal lymphoid populations and myelodysplasia‐related features with one 10‐color 14‐antibody screening tube
Authors: Rajab Amr , Porwit Anna 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundWe have designed one‐tube 14‐antibody 10‐color flow cytometry (FCM) panel that would provide maximum information on lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets in bone marrow aspirates (BMA) from patients with cytopenia(s).Samples and MethodsBMA from 8 normal donors, from 286 non‐malignant hospital controls, 92 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 47 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and from 14 MDS/MPN patients were investigated. One tube 14‐monoclonal antibody (MAb) 10‐fluorochrome panel included: kappa+CD4 FITC, Lambda+CD8 PE, CD3 + CD14 ECD, CD34 APC, CD20+CD56 PC7, CD10 APC‐A750, CD19 APC‐A700, CD33 PC5.5, CD5 PB, and CD45 KO. Kappa/lambda expression was evaluated separately in CD19+, CD10+ and CD5+ B‐cells. CD4+CD3+, CD8+CD3+, CD5+CD3+ T‐lymphocyte subsets were enumerated. Blasts were evaluated using CD45/SSC and CD34 gating. The FCM score for MDS (sc. Ogata score) included CD34+ myeloblast and B‐progenitor cluster size, myeloblast/lymphocyte CD45 expression, and granulocyte/lymphocyte SSC ratio.ResultsAbnormal lymphoid populations or increased plasma cells were found in 18 patients (4%). A 43/92 BMA from MDS and 7/14 from MDS/MPN patients had score >2. Score >2 had 92.5% positive predictive value for MDS/MDS‐MPN diagnosis. Negative predictive value for MDS/MDS‐MPN was 83% for scores under 3 and 88% for scores under 2. All but two of normal/hospital control samples had FCM score <3 (99%). Differences in scores between MDS & MDS/MPN and the control groups were statistically significant (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur one‐tube FCM panel can be easily applied to screening for aberrant lymphoid populations and myelodysplasia‐related features. MDS scores >2 are highly indicative of MDS or MDS‐MPN. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes with Terminal Imido Ligands
Authors: Schädle Dorothea , Meermann‐Zimmermann Melanie , Schädle Christoph , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner 
Published: February 2015

AbstractImide complexes [(TptBu,Me)Y(=NC6H3Me2‐2,6)(DMAP)] and [(TptBu,Me)Lu{=NC6H3(CF3)2‐3,5}(DMAP)] were obtained by Lewis base induced methane elimination of the corresponding methyl/anilide complexes, which were synthesized from [(TptBu,Me)LuMe2] and [(TptBu,Me)YMe(GaMe4)], respectively. Terminal Ln=N bonding is evidenced by very short Ln–N distances [min. 1.993(5) Å] and almost linear Ln–N–C(aryl) bond angles.
Efficient and Versatile Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides Using the Pd–PEPPSI‐IPr(NMe2)2 Precatalyst in the Presence of Carbonate Base
Authors: Zhang Yin , César Vincent , Lavigne Guy 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe precatalyst Pd–PEPPSI‐IPr(NMe2)2, in which the IPr ligand was modified by attachment of two dimethylamino groups on to the 4‐ and 5‐positions of the imidazolyl heterocycle, was found to show high catalytic efficiency in the Buchwald–Hartwig amination under mild conditions using Cs2CO3 as a weak base, using a low catalyst loading of 1 mol‐%. The protocol is applicable to aryl chlorides bearing base‐sensitive substituents, as exemplified by the coupling of 4‐chloroacetophenone with aniline. It can also be used with an unprecedentedly wide range of amines, including strongly basic secondary alkylamines, primary arylamines, and primary alkylamines.
Cell disruption methods for improving lipid extraction efficiency in unicellular microalgae
Authors: Rakesh Suchitra , Dhar Dolly W. , Prasanna Radha , Saxena Anil K. , Saha Supradip , Shukla Madhulika , Sharma Khushbu 
Published: February 2015

Identification of cost‐effective cell disruption methods to facilitate lipid extraction from microalgae represents a crucial step in identifying promising biofuel‐producing species. Various cell disruption methods including autoclaving, microwave, osmotic shock, and pasteurization were tested in the microalgae Chlorococcum sp. MCC30, Botryococcus sp. MCC31, Botryococcus sp. MCC32, and Chlorella sorokiniana MIC‐G5. Lipid content (on dry weight basis) from the four cultures on day 7 ranged from 11.15 to 48.33%, and on day 14 from 11.42 to 44.26%. Among the methods tested, enhanced lipid extraction was achieved through osmotic shock (15% NaCl) for Botryococcus sp. MCC32, microwave (6 min) for Botryococcus sp. MCC31, osmotic shock (5% NaCl) for Chlorella sorokiniana MIC‐G5 and microwave (2 min) for Chlorococcum sp. MCC30. The highest palmitate (16:0) contents (25.64% and 34.20%) were recorded with osmotic shock (15% NaCl) treatment for Botryococcus sp. MCC32 and microwave (6 min) for Botryococcus sp. MCC31, respectively. Two strains, along with their respective cell disruption methods, were identified as promising oil blends or nutraceuticals due to their high unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content: Botryococcus sp. MCC31 (37.6% oleic acid content; 39.37% UFA) after autoclaving and Botryococcus sp. MCC32 after osmotic shock of 15% NaCl treatment (19.95% oleic acid content; 38.17% UFA).
Effect of trait anxiety on prefrontal control mechanisms during emotional conflict
Authors: Comte Magali , Cancel Aïda , Coull Jennifer T. , Schön Daniele , Reynaud Emmanuelle , Boukezzi Sarah , Rousseau Pierre‐François , Robert Gabriel , Khalfa Stéphanie , Guedj Eric , Blin Olivier , Weinberger Daniel R. , Fakra Eric 
Published: February 2015

AbstractConverging evidence points to a link between anxiety proneness and altered emotional functioning, including threat‐related biases in selective attention and higher susceptibility to emotionally ambiguous stimuli. However, during these complex emotional situations, it remains unclear how trait anxiety affects the engagement of the prefrontal emotional control system and particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a core region at the intersection of the limbic and prefrontal systems. Using an emotional conflict task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated in healthy subjects the relations between trait anxiety and both regional activity and functional connectivity (psychophysiological interaction) of the ACC. Higher levels of anxiety were associated with stronger task‐related activation in ACC but with reduced functional connectivity between ACC and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). These results support the hypothesis that when one is faced with emotionally incompatible information, anxiety leads to inefficient high‐order control, characterized by insufficient ACC‐LPFC functional coupling and increases, possibly compensatory, in activation of ACC. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the neural circuitry underlying anxiety and may offer potential treatment markers for anxiety disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2207–2214, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative evaluation of B1 insensitivity in nonadiabatic frequency‐selective fat‐suppression RF pulse techniques
Authors: Abe Takayuki 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTNonadiabatic frequency‐selective fat‐suppression radiofrequency (RF) pulses are simpler than adiabatic RF pulses because nonadiabatic RF pulses are only amplitude modulated. The specific absorption rate (SAR) is lower. However, nonadiabatic RF pulses tend to be sensitive to B1 inhomogeneity. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether conventional adiabatic RF pulses can replace nonadiabatic RF pulse techniques. The B1 insensitivities of nonadiabatic frequency‐selective fat‐suppression RF pulse techniques were calculated by using the Bloch equation, and their effectiveness was evaluated by simulation using the measured B1 field map. The B1 insensitivities were compared quantitatively. The B1 insensitivities of the nonadiabatic RF pulse techniques were ±5% (CHESS), a maximum of ±20% (inversion recovery RF pulse with the best inversion time), ±25% (RF pulse train with two subpulses), and ±44% (RF pulse train with three subpulses). The RF pulse train was the most effective. The B1 insensitivity of different nonadiabatic RF pulse techniques was specified quantitatively. These results can be used to judge which nonadiabatic RF pulses can replace adiabatic RF pulses. Nonadiabatic RF pulses can reduce the SAR without compromising the image quality and would be useful in higher field‐strength MRI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 86–91, 2015
Ambient ionization and direct identification of volatile organic compounds with microwave‐induced plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Dandan , Tian Yong‐Hui , Zhao Zhongjun , Li Wenwen , Duan Yixiang 
Published: February 2015

An innovative method of volatile organic compounds analysis by using microwave‐induced plasma ionization (MIPI) source in combination with an ambient ion trap mass spectrometer is presented here. Using MIPI for direct sample vapor, analysis was achieved without any sample preparation or subsequent heating. The relative abundance of the target compounds can be obtained almost instantly within a few seconds. The ionization processes of different volatile compounds was optimized, and the limits of detection were identified in the range of 0.15–4.5 pptv or 0.73–8.80 pg ml−1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is in the range of 4–14%, while correlation coefficients of the working curves (R2) are better than 0.98. The new method possesses advantages of ease operation, time‐saving, high sensitivity and inexpensive setup. In addition, the ionization processes of short n‐alkane chains were investigated with the MIPI technique, and a unique [M + 13]+ was detected, which has not been reported in detail by any other related ionization techniques. An ionization mechanism was proposed on the basis of the experimental results obtained in this work and available information in literatures, in which the n‐alkanes in the plasma environment possibly generate protonated cyclopentadiene [M – 5]+ or alkyl‐substituted analogues as well as hydrous ions [M + 13]+ and [M + 13 + 18]+, as shown in Scheme 1 in the main text. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.