bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molting in early Cambrian armored lobopodians
Authors: Chen Ailin , Vannier Jean , Guo Jin , Wang Deng , Gąsiorek Piotr , Han Jian , Ma Wenjiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLobopodians represent a key step in the early history of ecdysozoans since they were the first animals to evolve legs within this clade. Their Cambrian representatives share a similar body plan with a typically cylindrical annulated trunk and a series of non-jointed legs. However, they do not form a monophyletic group and likely include ancestors of the three extant panarthropod lineages (Tardigrada, Onychophora, Euarthropoda). Some species display astonishing protective devices such as cuticular plates and spines. We describe here the armor and molting process of Microdictyon from the early Cambrian of China. Microdictyon secreted ovoid paired cuticular sclerites that were duplicated in a non-synchronous way along the animal’s body. The reticulated pattern and cuticular architecture of these sclerites have similarities to extant armored tardigrades that recently served in hypothesizing that tardigrades are possibly miniaturized lobopodians. Ecdysis and hard cuticular protection are now well documented in the whole spectrum of early Cambrian ecdysozoans such as soft-bodied scalidophorans, lobopodians and fully articulated euarthropods. We hypothesize that the secretion of sclerotized cuticular elements periodically renewed via ecdysis was a key innovation that opened large-scale evolutionary opportunities to invertebrate animal life, specifically ecdysozoans, both in terms of anatomical functionalities and ecological success.
Time-resolved crystallography of boric acid binding to the active site serine of the β-lactamase CTX-M-14 and subsequent 1,2-diol esterification
Authors: Prester Andreas , Perbandt Markus , Galchenkova Marina , Oberthuer Dominik , Werner Nadine , Henkel Alessandra , Maracke Julia , Yefanov Oleksandr , Hakanpää Johanna , Pompidor Guillaume , Meyer Jan , Chapman Henry , Aepfelbacher Martin , Hinrichs Winfried , Rohde Holger , Betzel Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance represent a growing threat to public health. Of particular concern is the appearance of β-lactamases, which are capable to hydrolyze and inactivate the most important class of antibiotics, the β-lactams. Effective β-lactamase inhibitors and mechanistic insights into their action are central in overcoming this type of resistance, and in this context boronate-based β-lactamase inhibitors were just recently approved to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Using boric acid as a simplified inhibitor model, time-resolved serial crystallography was employed to obtain mechanistic insights into binding to the active site serine of β-lactamase CTX-M-14, identifying a reaction time frame of 80–100 ms. In a next step, the subsequent 1,2-diol boric ester formation with glycerol in the active site was monitored proceeding in a time frame of 100–150 ms. Furthermore, the displacement of the crucial anion in the active site of the β-lactamase was verified as an essential part of the binding mechanism of substrates and inhibitors. In total, 22 datasets of β-lactamase intermediate complexes with high spatial resolution of 1.40–2.04 Å and high temporal resolution range of 50–10,000 ms were obtained, allowing a detailed analysis of the studied processes. Mechanistic details captured here contribute to the understanding of molecular processes and their time frames in enzymatic reactions. Moreover, we could demonstrate that time-resolved crystallography can serve as an additional tool for identifying and investigating enzymatic reactions.
Mitigating urban heat island through neighboring rural land cover
Authors: Yang Miao , Ren Chen , Wang Haorui , Wang Junqi , Feng Zhuangbo , Kumar Prashant , Haghighat Fariborz , Cao Shi-Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobally, the deteriorating Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect poses a significant threat to human health and undermines ecosystem stability. UHI mitigation strategies have been investigated and utilized extensively within cities by the provision of green, blue or gray infrastructures. However, urban land is precious and limited for these interventions, making it challenging to address this issue. Neighboring rural land cover may serve as a cooling source and have a great potential to mitigate UHI through processes such as heat absorption and circulation. This study aims to address the following questions: (1) what is the location of neighboring rural land cover to effectively mitigate UHI for the entire city and (2) what are the key parameters of the landscape. We investigated the quantitative and qualitative relationships between rural land cover and UHI, drawing on geographical and environmental data from 30 Chinese cities between 2000 and 2020. We found that the rural land cover extending outward from the urban boundary, approximately half of the equivalent diameter of city, had the most pronounced impact on UHI mitigation. The number and adjacency of landscape patches (a patch is a homogeneous and nonlinear basic unit of a landscape pattern, distinct from its surroundings) emerged as two key factors in mitigating UHI, with their individual potential to reduce UHI by up to 0.5 °C. The proposed recommendations were to avoid fragmentation and enhance shape complexity and distribution uniformity of patches. This work opens new avenues for addressing high-temperature urban catastrophes from a rural perspective, which may also promote coordinated development between urban and rural areas.
A critical feminist study of mothers raising a child on the autism spectrum in Iran
Authors: Khougar Ansar , Ahadi Parisa , Ahadi Mahsa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research explores the experiences of mothers raising autistic children in Iran through a critical feminist lens. We aimed to probe deeply not only into gender dynamics but also to explore how intersecting factors, including systemic issues, class, and social structure, interact to shape the challenges and experiences of these women. A reflective thematic analysis was conducted, involving a final participant group of 10 mothers. Upon analyzing the results, two prominent themes were constructed: the first theme, titled ‘In Interaction with the World Outside,’ focuses on the experiences of mothers as they interact with others and society. The second theme, named ‘In Interaction with the Self,’ explores the personal journeys and introspective experiences of mothers about themselves. Our findings illuminate the experiences of mothers who, despite being affected by systemic issues, social institutions, patriarchy, and gender inequality, actively challenge these forces and demonstrate their determination to secure the best possible future for their children. This highlights the urgent need for a more inclusive and supportive society that recognizes their agency, prioritizes gender equality, and empowers them to navigate the complexities of raising a child on the autism spectrum.
Are Personal and Reflexive Pronouns Dissociated in Agrammatic Comprehension? An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis With Clinical Implications
Authors: El Ouardi Loubna , Yeou Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
This study had three objectives: (a) to verify if Grodzinsky et al.'s (1993) findings of worse comprehension of personal than reflexive pronouns can be replicated in a larger meta-analysis of individual participant data, (b) to examine if the heterogeneity found in the patterns of pronoun comprehension in agrammatism can be attributed to task effects, and (c) to evaluate the risk of bias in the reviewed studies.

Method:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed to identify studies examining the personal–reflexive pronoun dissociation in agrammatic comprehension. Seven studies met the search criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. For each participant, individual accuracy scores for the comprehension of personal and reflexive pronouns were extracted in addition to information on the study methods. Individual accuracy data were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test and the binomial test. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

Results:
The meta-analysis had three main findings: (a) The majority of the persons with agrammatic aphasia (89%) had no dissociation between the comprehension of personal and reflexive pronouns; (b) 8% revealed a pattern consistent with a neuropsychological dissociation, faring worse on the comprehension of personal than reflexive pronouns; and (c) 2% performed worse on reflexive than personal pronouns. The type of the task used affected pronoun comprehension accuracy and accounted for the heterogeneity in the patterns of pronoun comprehension attested across the different participants.

Conclusions:
Taken together, the meta-analysis did not support a dissociation between personal and reflexive pronoun comprehension in agrammatic comprehension. When confirmed, the dissociation was driven by task effects. The clinical implications of these findings were discussed together with implications to minimize the risk of bias in future examinations of the topic.
Maximum torque per ampere control of permanent magnet/reluctance hybrid rotor dual stator synchronous motor
Authors: Jin Shi , Jin Wuhen , Wang Hao , Yu Siyang , Zhang Zhaoyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCompared with a traditional low‐speed high‐torque permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a permanent magnet (PM)/reluctance hybrid rotor dual‐stator synchronous motor (PM/RHRDSSM) has the advantages of high torque density and high space utilization. This type of motor is composed of a "back‐to‐back" PM + reluctance hybrid rotor and an inner and outer double stator. The number of poles of the inner and outer unit motors is the same, and the inner and outer stator windings are connected in series, driven by a single inverter. Due to the special mechanical structure and electromagnetic relationship of PM/RHRDSSM, traditional PMSM and synchronous reluctance motor maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategies are no longer applicable. In response to this issue, the authors establishe a PM/RHRDSSM mathematical model of stator winding series structure and propose a MTPA control strategy suitable for this new type of motor. This strategy is aimed at the special mathematical model of PM/RHRDSSM and derives the analytical expression of MTPA trajectory, which minimises the required stator current amplitude of PM/RHRDSSM at various load torques, thereby minimising the motor copper loss. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed control strategy were verified through simulation and experiments.
Method for determining the harmonic contribution of consumer installations based on the application of passive filters
Authors: Skamyin Aleksandr 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper presents a new method for estimating the contribution of distortion sources based on the application of passive harmonic filters. The method does not require the measurement of harmonic network impedance and is based on the measurement of harmonic currents of the grid, consumers and passive harmonic filters. Evaluation of the consumer contribution using a passive harmonic filter is necessary to select the parameters and connection points for harmonic reduction devices. A feature of the method is the correct determination of share contributions, regardless of background harmonic distortions. Based on this method, a single consumer can evaluate both the harmonic contributions of its own loads, even in the presence of background distortions, and the harmonic voltage distortions in the case of installing harmonic reduction devices. The research results are confirmed in laboratory conditions with various combinations of electrical loads connected both at the grid side and at the consumer side. For such conditions, the proposed method was compared with existing methods, among which are methods based on the measurement of harmonic voltage vectors, harmonic current vectors and active harmonic power. The application of the developed method was demonstrated using the example of a gas production field.
Design and implementation of an S‐band near‐field focused array with high E‐field strength
Authors: Li Chong , Tian Feng , Cheng Erwei , Xia Wenjun , Zhao Yongjiu , Xing Lei , Xu Qian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn S‐band near‐field focused array is designed and implemented. Consisting of 4 × 4 metallic Vivaldi elements, the array is designed for focusing the E‐field of several kilovolts per metre within its near‐field region. To minimise the power loss and enhance the synthesis effectiveness, elements are arranged on a sphere surface and oriented towards the sphere centre. When exciting the elements, the waves will be focused to a specific area on the observation plane. By adjusting the excitation phase, the focus position can be tuned. A systematic analysis has been carried out to illustrate the focus scanning process across the entire observation plane. Near‐field two‐dimensional scanning is performed to measure the E‐field distribution of the array. While scanning the focus, the diameter of 3 dB focal area is about 0.3 m, and the maximum field strength in the focus ranges from 1184 to 2129 V/m, which can be used for the radiated susceptibility testing.
Small signal stability analysis and control parameter optimization of DC microgrid cluster
Authors: Zhang Zifan , Yang Xiangyu , Zhao Shiwei , Zeng Qi , Liang Zhanhong , Gao Mengzhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDirect current microgrid (DCMG) clusters are gaining popularity in power systems due to their simplicity and high efficiency. However, DCMG clusters are susceptible to minor disturbances due to low system inertia. This paper proposes a method to enhance the small‐signal stability of a DCMG cluster by optimizing the main control parameters of the system. This paper presents a small‐signal state‐space model of a DCMG cluster system at the system level, considering a multi‐bus network topology. Then, the control parameters that significantly affect the small‐signal stability of the DCMG are selected using the participation factor method. To enhance the system damping, the Pareto‐optimal frontier of the bi‐objective problem was determined using the elite non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). The optimal compromise is determined by using the fuzzy membership function method to extract it from the generated Pareto optimal front. The proposed method has been verified on a three‐sub DCMG test system with droop control.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension – a spinal disease
Authors: Zander Charlotte , Wolf Katharina , El Rahal Amir , Volz Florian , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst , Lützen Niklas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) remains an underdiagnosed condition despite increasing awareness due to recent scientific advances. Diagnosis can be delayed by the broad clinical presentation and imaging pitfalls. This results in a high degree of physical impairment for patients, including social and psychological sequelae as well as long-term damage in the case of delayed diagnosis and treatment.The study is based on a selective literature search on PubMed including articles from 1990 to 2023 and the authors’ clinical experience from working in a CSF center.SIH mostly affects middle-aged women, with the primary symptom being position-dependent orthostatic headache. In addition, there is a broad spectrum of possible symptoms that can overlap with other clinical conditions and therefore complicate the diagnosis. The causative spinal CSF loss can be divided into three main types: ventral (type 1) or lateral (type 2) dural leak and CSF-venous fistula (type 3). The diagnosis can be made using a two-stage workup. As a first step, noninvasive MRI of the head and spine provides indicators of the presence of SIH. The second step using focused myelography can identify the exact location of the cerebrospinal fluid leak and enable targeted therapy (surgical or interventional). Intrathecal pressure measurement or intrathecal injection of gadolinium is no longer necessary for primary diagnosis. Serious complications in the course of the disease can include space-occupying subdural hematomas, superficial siderosis, and symptoms of brain sagging, which can lead to misinterpretations. Treatment consists of closing the dural leak or the cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Despite successful treatment, a relapse can occur, which highlights the importance of follow-up MRI examinations and emphasizes the chronic nature of the disease. This paper provides an overview of the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected SIH and new developments in imaging and therapy.
Longitudinal Quality-of-Life Outcomes of Skull Base Chondrosarcoma Patients following Surgical Resection
Authors: Taniguchi Seika , Kam Jeremy , Kirszbaum Castle-Mendel , Akagami Ryojo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective Owing to the rarity of skull base chondrosarcomas (CS), much of its natural history and long-term impact on patient quality of life (QoL) are not well studied. This novel study demonstrates QoL among CS patients following radical treatment constituting surgery and postoperative radiotherapy over 2 decades.
Study Design Retrospective review and prospective data collection to obtain patient demographic, tumor characteristics, clinical symptoms, and patient-reported QoL outcomes using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).
Setting/Participants Patients diagnosed with CS who underwent radical intent surgical resection by the senior author and adjuvant early postoperative proton beam therapy.
Results Twenty-eight skull base CS patients were identified, with 19 patients completing full treatment course. Mean long-term follow-up was 148.9 months. Diplopia symptom resolution was high. No significant deterioration in SF-36 Physical Health Component (PHC) and Mental Health Component (MHC) scores was observed at postoperative and long-term follow-up. General health was stable initially but deteriorated in long term (Δ −18.88, minimal clinically important difference [MCID]: 9.86, p = 0.04). Compared with age-matched Canadian control patients, CS patients reported similar PHC scores at baseline and follow-up. CS patients reported lower MHC scores (45.8 vs. 50.9, p = 0.13) preoperatively, which persisted at follow-up decreasing by 1.9 (43.9 vs. 53.7, p = 0.03); this difference, however, did not reach MCID threshold of Δ 5.9.
Conclusion We present the longest follow-up data on CS demonstrating stable long-term QoL with aggressive surgery. Tumor control was high and preoperative tumor size did not affect long-term QoL. Preoperative QoL was lower among CS compared with Canadian normative data. Postoperatively, only the decline in physical functioning QoL scores exceeded MCID. At long-term follow-up, the decline in physical functioning, social functioning, and general health exceeded MCID. Overall, QoL among CS patients remained lower at long-term follow-up despite absence of tumor progression and resolution of symptoms.
Economic Burden of Otitis Media Globally and an Overview of the Current Scenario to Alleviate the Disease Burden: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhatia Ragini , Chauhan Anil , Rana Monika , Kaur Kulbir , Pradhan Pranita , Singh Meenu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of otitis media (OM) is substantial all over the world. Epidemiological data related to the economic burden of OM globally is minimal. The present systematic review was undertaken to estimate the economic burden of this disease in various parts of the world.
Objectives An extensive literature search was done using PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant studies that estimated the economic burden of OM in monetary terms. The databases searched were PubMed Central, Ovid, and Embase. The cost estimation was done for one specific year and then compared considering the inflation rate.
Data Synthesis The literature search led to the inclusion of 10 studies. The studies evaluated direct and indirect costs in monetary terms. Direct costs (health system and patient perspective) ranged from USD (United States Dollar) 122.64 (Netherlands) to USD 633.6 (USA) per episode of OM. Looking at only the patient perspective, the costs ranged from USD 19.32 (Oman) to USD 80.5 (Saudi Arabia). The total costs (direct and indirect) ranged from USD 232.7 to USD 977 (UK) per episode of OM. The economic burden per year was highest in the USA (USD 5 billion). The incidence of OM episodes was found more in children < 5 years old. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines decreased the incidence in children and now the prevalence in adults is of concern.
Conclusion The economic burden of OM is relatively high globally and addressing this public health burden is important. Approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment should be undertaken by the health system to alleviate this disease burden.
Anatomical Measurement as a Reference for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Based on CT Scans and Dissections
Authors: Zanuncio Andressa Vinha , Amaral Flávia Gontijo , Pereira Marcell de Barros Duarte , Nunes Flávio Barbosa , Guimarães Roberto Eustáquio Santos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Diseases of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavities, and those related to the skull base can be treated with nasal endoscopic surgery. Anatomical references are essential to safely perform these surgeries.
Objective To measure and compare the distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the anterior skull base in cadavers and on computed tomography (CT) scans to determine a measurement as an anatomical reference in imaging exams for sinus and anterior skull base surgery.
Methods In dissections and CT scans, we took measurements from the most upper and medial point of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus (point A) to the point where the skull base deflects and the anterior sphenoid wall is formed (Δ 90°; point B), in the right and left nasal cavities. We used 51 cadavers aged ≥ 18 years in the present research.
Results The measurements obtained from CT scans and dissections were greater than 1.5 cm in all cadavers, and they were positively correlated. The 1-cm increase in the AB-tomography measurement corresponded to the 1.08-cm increase to the right and 1.07-cm to the left in the AB-dissection measurement.
Conclusion The CT measurements may be considered a reliable tool to promote safe and effective access to the paranasal sinuses, matching the distance that should be dissected until the anterior base of the skull.