bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Initial Well-Child Visit and Readmissions of Newborns
Authors: Shakib Julie , Buchi Karen , Smith Elizabeth , Korgenski Kent , Young Paul C. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Recommendations for the timing of the first well-child visit (WCV) after discharge from a well-baby nursery (WBN) suggest that the visit occur within 48 hours of discharge for those with a WBN length of stay of ≤48 hours and within 3 to 5 days for those with a WBN length of stay of &gt;48 hours. The purpose of these early visits is to detect conditions that may cause readmission in the first weeks after birth, but the effectiveness of early visits to accomplish this has not been shown. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the frequency of early visits and (2) to compare readmission rates for those who had an early visit compared with those who did not.METHODS:Using data from a large health care system in Utah, we determined the readmission rates newborns with an estimated gestational age ≥34 weeks and compared the rates for those who had an early WCV with those who did not.RESULTS:Of 79 720 newborns, 50 606 (63%) were discharged within 48 hours of birth. Of these, 7638 (15%) had a visit within 72 hours of discharge. The readmission rate for newborns who had a visit within the recommended time frame was 15.7 per 1000 compared with 18.4 for those with a later visit (odds ratio 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.73–0.99)CONCLUSIONS:The frequency of first WCVs that occurred within the recommended time frames was low. Early visits were associated with a 15% reduction in the rate of readmissions.
Hair Nicotine Levels in Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Collaco Joseph M. , Aherrera Angela D. , Breysse Patrick N. , Winickoff Jonathan P. , Klein Jonathan D. , McGrath-Morrow Sharon A. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND:
Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) may increase respiratory morbidities in young children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Rapid respiratory rates, close proximity to a smoking caregiver, and increased dermal absorption of tobacco smoke components can contribute to systemic exposure. In this study, hair nicotine levels were used as a biomarker of chronic TSE in young children with BPD to determine if hair nicotine levels correlate with caregiver self-report of TSE and respiratory morbidities.

METHODS:
From 2012 to 2014, hair nicotine levels were measured from consecutive children seen in a BPD outpatient clinic and compared with caregiver questionnaires on household smoking. The relationship between respiratory morbidities and self-reported TSE or hair nicotine level was assessed.

RESULTS:
The mean hair nicotine level from 117 children was 3.1 ± 13.2 ng/mg. Hair nicotine levels were significantly higher in children from smoking households by caregiver self-report compared with caregivers who reported no smoking (8.2 ± 19.7 ng/mg vs 1.8 ± 10.7; P &lt; .001). In households that reported smoking, hair nicotine levels were higher in children with a primary caregiver who smoked compared with a primary caregiver who did not smoke. Among children with BPD who required respiratory support (n = 50), a significant association was found between higher log hair nicotine levels and increased hospitalizations and limitation of activity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Chronic TSE is common in children with BPD, with hair nicotine levels being more likely to detect TSE than caregiver self-report. Hair nicotine levels were also a better predictor of hospitalization and activity limitation in children with BPD who required respiratory support at outpatient presentation.
A Comparison of Individual- Versus Practice-Level Measures of the Medical Home
Authors: Long Webb E. , Garg Arvin 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the association between a widely used individual-level assessment of the medical home derived from parental perception and practice-level assessment of the medical home.

METHODS:
Thirty parents at each of 6 Boston-area community health centers (CHCs) were administered the 19-question medical home measure of the 2011 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Each CHC was scored in accordance with the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) 2011 Patient-Centered Medical Home Standards and Guidelines. Bivariate analysis of the independent variables against the dependent variable (the NCQA measure, assessed as both a continuous score and a categorical tier) was performed. Linear and logistical regression models accounting for the cluster design were then constructed, with the NSCH measure as the primary predictor.

RESULTS:
Of the 180 parents, 52% had a medical home according to the NSCH criteria. Of the 6 CHCs, 5 were a medical home according to the NCQA Standards (2 at Tier 3, 3 at Tier 2). Regression modeling demonstrated nonsignificant associations between both the continuous and categorical (tier) NCQA scores and the NSCH assessment of the medical home, with a β of −2.80 (95% confidence interval, −7.75 to 13.35) and an adjusted odds ratio of 2.17 (95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 5.74), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was no significant association between the individual-level and practice-level assessments of the medical home. Given this discrepancy, our results suggest that we may need to temper our expectations that the medical home transformation currently being implemented at the practice level will lead to the child health and health care utilization outcomes extensively demonstrated in the literature.
Multigeneration Effects of Plasma Irradiation to Seeds of Arabidopsis Thaliana and Zinnia on Their Growth
Authors: Sarinont Thapanut , Amano Takaaki , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Hayashi Nobuya 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe have studied multigeneration effects of plasma irradiation to seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) and Zinnia peruviana (L.) on their growth using a scalable DBD device. Atmospheric plasma irradiation enhances growth of these plants in multi-generations. For Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) in the third generation, the leaf area is 2 times larger than that without plasma irradiation and the stem length is 1.5 times longer than that without plasma. For Zinnia peruviana (L.) in the second generation, the stem length is 2 times longer than that without plasma.
Closed-Loop Feedback Control in Intelligent Wells: Application to a Heterogeneous, Thin Oil-Rim Reservoir in the North Sea
Authors: Dilib F.A.. A. , Jackson M.D.. D. , Zadeh A. Mojaddam , Aasheim R.. , Årland K.. , Gyllensten A.J.. J. , Erlandsen S.M.. M. 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Important challenges remain in the development of optimized control strategies for intelligent wells, particularly with respect to incorporating the impact of reservoir uncertainty. Most optimization methods are model-based and are effective only if the model or ensemble of models used in the optimization captures all possible reservoir behaviors at the individual-well and -completion level. This is rarely the case. Moreover, reservoir models are rarely predictive at the spatial and temporal scales required to identify control actions. We evaluate the benefit of the use of closed-loop control strategies, on the basis of direct feedback between reservoir monitoring and inflow-valve settings, within a geologically heterogeneous, thin oil-rim reservoir. This approach does not omit model predictions completely; rather, model predictions are used to optimize a number of adjustable parameters within a general direct feedback relationship between measured data and inflow-control settings. A high-resolution sector model is used to capture reservoir heterogeneity, which incorporates a locally refined horizontal grid in the oil zone, to accurately represent the horizontal-well geometry and fluid contacts, and capture water and gas flow. Two inflow-control strategies are tested. The first is an open-loop approach, using fixed inflow-control devices to balance the pressure drawdown along the well, sized before installation. The second is a closed-loop, feedback-control strategy, using variable inflow-control valves that can be controlled from the surface in response to multiphase-flow data obtained downhole. The closed-loop strategy is optimized with a base-case model, and then tested against unexpected reservoir behavior by adjusting a number of uncertain parameters in the model but not reoptimizing. We find that closed-loop feedback control yields positive gains in net-present value (NPV) for the majority of reservoir behaviors investigated, and higher gains than the open-loop strategy. Closed-loop control also can yield positive gains in NPV even when the reservoir does not behave as expected, and in tested scenarios returned a near optimal NPV. However, inflow control can be risky, because unpredicted reservoir behavior also leads to negative returns. Moreover, assessing the benefits of inflow control over an arbitrarily fixed well life can be misleading, because observed gains depend on when the calculation is made.
Morphological and Molecular Diversity in Turkish Sesame Germplasm and Core Set Selection
Authors: Frary Anne , Tekin Pelin , Celik Ibrahim , Furat Seymus , Uzun Bulent , Doganlar Sami 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe conservation of plant germplasm is essential to ensure future breeding gains and crop bio‐diversity. To be truly useful, such germplasm must be characterized for morphological traits and genetic diversity. In this work, agro‐morphological diversity was assessed in 137 Turkish sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes (129 accessions and eight cultivars) by examination of eight qualitative and nine quantitative traits. As expected, morphological variability in the cultivars was low with broader diversity present in sesame accessions. However, some accessions were identified with interesting features, such as increased number of capsules and seed yield, which could be employed in future cultivar development. The sesame genotypes were analyzed for molecular genetic diversity with 140 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. The results indicated a relatively low level of variability with an average dissimilarity value of 0.33 for all genotypes. Population structure was also examined and indicated that the material fell into two subpopulations. As most of the accessions (82%) were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and are not yet housed in the Turkish national sesame germplasm collection, the data were used to identify a core set of 22 accessions that should be preserved in Turkey. The importance of using both molecular and morphological data for core selection is highlighted with a focus on germplasm preservation and breeding.
Estimating the Genetic Effects Modifying Endosperm Composition in Sugary1 Maize
Authors: De Vries Brian D. , Peters Tessa E. , Glaza Brittany J. , Viesselmann Leah M. , Tracy William F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPseudostarchy (su1‐ref/su1‐ref) maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds contain wild‐type levels of starch and water‐soluble polysaccharides (WSP), even though the su1‐ref allele is present. The su1‐ref allele of maize contains a single nucleotide polymorphism alteration in the Sugary1 gene that results in near‐equal concentrations of WSP and starch in the mature kernel. Seven maize inbreds, fixed for the sugary1‐reference (su1‐ref) allele, were developed out of two divergently‐selected maize populations and have starch and WSP concentrations ranging from 223–570 mg g−1 and 26–294 mg g−1, respectively. Determining the type and magnitude of the genetic effects controlling the pseudostarchy phenotype is important for understanding the inheritance of the trait. The seven inbreds were crossed in a complex mating design that included inbred, F1, F2, and BC1 generations and evaluated using a genetic model for triploid endosperm traits. This analysis allowed additive and dominance genetic effects of the endosperm to be separated from cytoplasmic effects and additive and dominance genetic effects of the diploid maternal plant. WSP and wrinkling rating and starch and WSP concentration had greater than 60% of the phenotypic variation as additive endosperm effects. Cytoplasmic inheritance was not significant for any of the traits measured. Additive diploid maternal plant effects were significant for all traits measured and contributed 36% of the phenotypic variance for kernel weight. The presence of additive and dominance diploid maternal plant effects indicates that selection among kernels on an ear can be complicated due to the genetic effect of the mother plant. Overall, the traits measured, which reflect the visual difference between the pseudostarchy and extreme sugary inbreds, were controlled primarily by additive endosperm genetic effects indicating that allele or chromosome dosage is the primary genetic effect controlling how the pseudostarchy phenotype is inherited in this population.
Economic Risk and Profitability of Soybean Fungicide and Insecticide Seed Treatments at Reduced Seeding Rates
Authors: Gaspar Adam P. , Mitchell Paul D. , Conley Shawn P. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTEarlier soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting, increased seed costs, and higher commodity prices have led to a surge in the use of soybean fungicide and insecticide seed treatments, while recent studies have suggested that growers should consider lowering seeding rates to increase their return on investment. Ultimately, growers would like to know the value proposition of combining seed treatments with lowered seeding rates. Therefore, three seed treatments (untreated, ApronMaxx, and CruiserMaxx) and six seeding rates (98,800, 148,200, 197,600, 247,000, 296,400, and 345,800 seeds ha−1) were evaluated to determine seed yield, profitability, and economic risk of various seed treatments and seeding rates, including the economically optimal seeding rate (EOSR) for each seed treatment. Trials were conducted at nine locations throughout Wisconsin during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons, totaling 18 site‐years. Across a wide range of seeding rates, ApronMaxx provided no yield or profitability gains and only slight risk benefits (<0.54 break‐even probability) at grain sale prices between .33 and .55 kg−1. CruiserMaxx increased yield by 12% at 98,800 seeds ha−1 and by 4% at 345,800 seeds ha−1. In addition, CruiserMaxx was able to substantially lower risk and increase profit at both reduced and recommended (197,000–345,800 seeds ha−1) seeding rates across a wide range of environments and grain sale prices. The lowest risk and largest average profit increase was always at the EOSR, which decreased as the grain sale price declined. At current seed costs, the EOSR for CruiserMaxx treated seed ranged from 232,000 to 261,000 seeds ha−1 depending on the grain sale price. These data indicate that producers should account for their expected grain sale price and seed treatment choice when determining seeding rates to reduce economic risk and increase profitability.
Transcriptome Profiling ofhrf2Transgenic Rapeseed Revealed Genes Related to the Defense Responses and Signaling Pathways
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Huijun , Wei Guifang , Zhang Hongyue , Zhang Yan , Gao Xuewen 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTEctopic expression of the HarpinXooc–encoding genehrf2in rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) confers enhanced resistance toSclerotinia sclerotiorumand improved agronomic performance. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of harpin‐mediated plant responses, we developed a 3’–tag digital gene expression (DGE) method to compare the mRNA expression patterns of transgenic T‐4 rapeseed harboringhrf2and untransformed Yangyou 4 (Y4) at the global level. Solexa Illumina sequencing yielded 5,645,091 and 6,007,037 clean tags, corresponding to 14,237 and 14,773 genes for Y4 and T‐4, respectively. We identified 2114 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; log2 ratio ≥ 1, false discovery rate [FDR] ≤ 0.001) between transgenic T‐4 and untransformed Y4 that assigned to seven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and 19 Gene Ontology categories. Numerous genes related to defense responses were differentially expressed in T‐4, representing categories such as hypersensitive response, defense proteins, plant cell wall components, and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, expression was largely modified in T‐4 in signaling pathways including G protein, Ca2+, ubiquitination, protein kinase, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and auxin hormones. We also identified numerous DEGs encoding transcription factors in T‐4. This analysis shows the breadth of molecular mechanisms of harpin‐mediated plant responses in genetically transformed plants. Furthermore, the DGE sequence resources identified in this study provide a platform for functional genomics studies of rapeseed.
Analysis of Series of Cultivar Trials with Perennial Grasses for Subdivided Target Regions
Authors: Eckl Thomas , Piepho Hans‐Peter 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTField trials with perennial grasses may often be conducted at several locations with different starting years. A key issue in the analysis of such trials is the distinction between effects of calendar years, which are associated with external environmental variation, and harvest years, which represent internal yield formation processes of the perennial crop. Furthermore, analysis of field trials with perennial grasses needs to account for serial correlation of observations on the same plot from consecutive harvest years. Such analyses are conveniently implemented using mixed models. Here, we consider series of trials when the target region is subdivided into several zones. We show how cultivar yield means per zone can be estimated borrowing strength across zones. The proposed mixed models are illustrated using simulated data generated by employing variance component estimates from real experiments. It is shown in simulations that best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) can provide more precise zone‐specific mean estimates than alternative methods.
Above‐ and Belowground Growth, Biomass, and Nitrogen Use in Maize and Reconstructed Prairie Cropping Systems
Authors: Dietzel Ranae , Jarchow Meghann E. , Liebman Matt 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe studied temporal dynamics of above‐ and belowground growth and N use in three production systems: maize (C4 annual), reconstructed prairie (a mixture of perennial C3 and C4 species) and fertilized reconstructed prairie. Our objectives were to fill knowledge gaps about temporal patterns of growth (especially for roots), inform further experimental research, and provide quantitative datasets for modeling. A 2‐yr field study was conducted near Boone, IA, in which above‐ and belowground plant tissues were sampled repeatedly during each growing season (n = 15 aboveground, n = 4 belowground). Dry weight and tissue N concentration were measured, and growth rates and N productivity were estimated. We found that maize produced more aboveground biomass (18.4 Mg/ha) with higher growth rates that peaked later in the season compared with the two prairie treatments (9.4–14.9 Mg/ha/year). Maize allocated a smaller proportion of its biomass belowground (10%) than both prairie treatments did (20–40%). Overall the N productivity ranged from 11 to 135 kg biomass kg–1 thermal unit–1 for maize and 34 to 344 kg biomass kg–1 thermal unit–1 for both prairie treatments. Our findings provide new, quantitative data that will be useful for predicting system‐level processes of annual and perennial crops evaluated for food and biofuel production.
Tween-20 Modified Acacia nelotica and Oryza sativa Biomass for Enhanced Biosorption of Cr(VI) in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Sharma Lalit , Sharma Subhash Chander 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In aqueous solution the adsorption of Cr(VI) was examined onto plant based biosorbents viz. Kekar sawdust (Acacia nelotica) and rice husk (Oryza sativa) and their non-ionic surfactant (Tween-20) modified forms. The parameters studied in this work include: contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and metal concentration. The adsorption capacities of the biosorbents were dependent on the pH of the Cr(VI) solution, and were found to be 96.1 mg/g, 147.1 mg/g, 35.7 mg/g and 37.2 mg/g for raw Acacia nelotica, surfactant modified Acacia nelotica, raw Oryza sativa and surfactant modified Oryza sativa, respectively at optimum pH = 2. The studies revealed that the modification of biomass with Tween-20 enhanced the biosorption capacity of raw Acacia nelotica by 53%. The adsorption process was tested for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model fitted the data best. Desorption studies were also carried out and revealed the possibility of recycling the adsorbent and adsorbate.
Physico-Chemical Studies of Glycine, L-Alanine, L-Phenylalanine and Glycylglycine in Aqueous Triton X-100 at Different Temperatures
Authors: Ali Anwar , Shahjahan  , Malik Nisar Ahmad , Uzair Sahar , Bhushan Vidhiksha 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The densities, ρ and viscosities, η of glycine (Gly), L-alanine (Ala), L-phenylalanine (Phe) and glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) in aqueous Triton X-100 (TX-100) solutions have been measured as a function of amino acid/peptide concentration at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The experimental data have been utilized to evaluate various thermodynamic parameters, viz., apparent molar volumes, V
2, partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, V
0
2, partial molar isobaric expansibilities, ϕ
0
2, partial molar volumes of transfer, Δ
tr

V
0
2 and A and B-coefficients of viscosity, respectively. The hydration numbers have also been calculated. The results have been discussed in terms of interactions taking place in the present systems. The structure-making/-breaking ability of the solute (amino acid/peptide) in the presence of surfactant, Triton X-100 has also been considered.
Effect of Polyacrylic Acid and Polyacrylamide on Clouding Behavior of Triton-X-100 in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Kakuste Anil D. , Borse Mahendra S. , Sonawane Gunvant H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The cloud point (CP) of Triton-X-100 have been studied at various concentration of surfactant in pure and mixed system with water soluble polymers polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM). The CP of Triton-X-100 was found to be increases with increasing surfactant concentration. The CP of Triton-X-100 has found to decrease with increase of mass of the additives PAA and PAM. The same trend was observed for all surfactant concentrations in presence of PAA and PAM. Considering CP as a threshold temperature of the solubility, the thermodynamic parameters of the clouding process (ΔG0
cl, ΔH0
cl and ΔS0
cl) have been evaluated using “Phase Separation Model”. The results indicate that the clouding phenomenon of Triton-X-100 is exothermic and in presence of polymer additives the process is endothermic and non-spontaneous.