bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of right ventricular dilation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Buddhe Sujatha , Shah Amee , Lai Wyman W. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo evaluate factors associated with rapid rate of progression (ROP) of right ventricular (RV) dilation by cardiac MRI in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients.Materials and MethodsAll patients with repaired TOF with two MRIs were included. RV volumes and function were assessed by MRIs performed on a GE 1.5 Tesla (T) platform. The ROP of RV dilation was calculated as the difference between the last and first RV indexed end‐diastolic volumes (iEDV) divided by the time difference. Subjects were divided into two groups: Group I—rapid ROP (top quartile of ROP) and Group II—slower ROP (lower three quartiles).ResultsA total of 61 subjects were included. Mean age was 18.0 ± 9.7 years and duration between MRIs 3.4 ± 2.1 years. Median ROP for RV iEDV was 2.0 (−12.7 to 27.8) mL/m2/year. Fifteen subjects were in Group I and 46 in Group II. RV iEDV, RV ejection fraction, RV indexed end‐systolic volume (iESV) were significantly different between groups. By multivariable analysis, RV iESV was the only independent parameter associated with rapid RV dilation (P < 0.01).ConclusionThere was no significant change in RV iEDV in majority of repaired TOF subjects. RV iESV was the best parameter associated with more rapid RV dilation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:730–737. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Site‐specific effects of variable water supply and nitrogen fertilisation on winter wheat
Authors: Geesing Dieter , Diacono Mariangela , Schmidhalter Urs 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe plant‐available soil water, amount and distribution of rainfall or irrigation are primary factors that may affect yield and quality of winter wheat in heterogeneous fields. The objective of this 2‐y study was to vary N application and water supply in order to achieve a more mechanistic insight into the effects of underlying differences in the site‐specific productivity on heterogeneous fields. Two N fertilizer rates (120 and 180 kg N ha–1) and three different water supply treatments (rain sheltering, irrigation, rain‐fed) were compared on field sites with lower or higher plant available soil water capacities. On the whole, the site, rather than rainfall or N fertilisation, was the primary factor that accounted for variability in grain yield. Rainfall distribution during the growing season affected the overall yield level in a given year. The sites characterised by lower plant available water capacity did not show higher grain yield and improved quality with the increased N rate. This suggests that the reduced N rate should be recommended on these sites to take into account the environmental sustainability of N fertilisation. With respect to the higher N application at sites of high plant available soil water capacity, although the already high yield levels were not increased further, the protein quality was significantly improved in the first season within all treatments and in the second season in the irrigated treatments. Therefore, a higher N‐rate proved to be advantageous, especially considering that the residual nitrate levels after harvest were low. The study demonstrated that the response of winter wheat to water shortage or abundance and N fertilisation is site‐specific and dependent on the availability of soil water.
Localized oxidation of zirconium alloys in high temperature and pressure oxidizing environments of nuclear reactors
Authors: Kumar M. Kiran , Aggarwal S. , Beniwal D. , Dey A. K. , Singh H. , Kain V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the results of parametric studies on the existing test procedures to assess nodular corrosion susceptibility of zirconium (Zr) base alloys. The parameters included the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the steam, exposure time, and type of exposure. The alloys studied were Zircaloy‐2, Zircaloy‐4, Zr–2.5Nb, and Zr–1Nb. A two‐step test procedure involving prefilming at 410 °C followed by nodule growth at 510 °C in deaerated steam (using demineralized water) was found to be the most representative for Zircaloys and none of the test conditions produced nodules on Zr–Nb alloys. Presence of high dissolved oxygen was found to suppress nodule formation in Zircaloys. A detailed investigation on the morphology of individual nodules and nodule cross section is presented. Mechanism of nodular corrosion, in particular and localized oxidation of Zr alloys at 400 °C, in general, in oxidizing environments of nuclear reactors has been discussed in the light of the present results of nodular corrosion. Long term oxidation of Zircaloy‐2 and Zircaloy‐4 under low and high DO conditions are reported and compared with our earlier results on the effect of dissolved oxygen on the long term oxidation and hydrogen pick‐up behavior of Zr–Nb alloys.
Multicriteria Optimization of A Long‐Haul Routing and Scheduling Problem
Authors: Rancourt Marie‐Eve , Paquette Julie 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLong‐haul carriers are facing a shortage of drivers in North American countries. To reduce turnover rates and improve driver retention, trucking companies are making more efforts to improve their drivers' quality of life. The aim of this paper is to introduce and solve a multi‐objective vehicle routing and truck driver scheduling problem under the legislative requirements on work and rest hours in the US (US MOVRTDSP). We present a tabu search algorithm that solves the US MOVRTDSP and provides a heuristic non‐dominated solution set from which tradeoffs between operating costs and driver inconvenience are evaluated. The tradeoffs between the number of vehicles used and operating costs are also estimated. Overall, interpretations of the computational results on artificial and real‐life instances provide meaningful information to long‐haul carriers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHANGING DIMENSIONS OF TRUST IN GOVERNMENT: AN EXPLORATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN HONG KONG
Authors: Walker Richard M. , Hills Peter 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThis study reports the findings of a 3‐year investigation into dimensions of trust in governmental capacity to deal with environmental risks (air pollution, sustainable development, waste, and water). We explore if levels of trust in Hong Kong correspond with the two‐dimensional structure identified in the research of Poortinga and Pidgeon. Findings of this multi‐method study (survey and focus group) conducted between 2005 and 2008 point towards largely low but unchanging levels of trust in the Hong Kong government. By contrast, the number of dimensions of trust reduced over the study period, pointing towards growing levels of scepticism. This leads us to conclude that, in relation to environmental risks, Hong Kong is characterised by cynicism. These findings reflect a wider argument that there are two underlying dimensions of trust—reliance and scepticism. The implications of these findings are discussed, and strategies to address low levels of trust are outlined. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of ADHD medication during pregnancy from 1999 to 2010: a Danish register‐based study
Authors: Hærvig Katia Buch , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Hansen Anne Vinkel , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the trends in use of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) medication during pregnancy in Denmark from 1999 to 2010, as well as to explore characteristics of women who use ADHD medication during pregnancy and whether exposure is associated with outcome of pregnancy.MethodA linkage between various Danish national health registries was performed to identify all recorded pregnancies from 1999 to 2010. Use of ADHD medication was defined as a redeemed prescription on methylphenidate, modafinil, or atomoxetine from 28 days prior to the first day of the last menstrual period until the end of pregnancy.ResultsOf the 1 054 494 registered pregnancies, 480 were exposed to ADHD medication. From 2003 to the first quarter of 2010, use of ADHD medication during pregnancy increased from 5 to 533 per 100 000 person‐years. A similar increase was observed among Danish women of childbearing age. Compared with unexposed, women who used ADHD medication during pregnancy were more often younger, single, lower educated, received social security benefits, and used other psychopharmaca. Exposed pregnancies were more likely to result in induced abortions on maternal request (odds ratio = 4.70, 95%CI = 3.77–5.85), induced abortions on special indication (odds ratio = 2.99, 95%CI = 1.34–6.67), and miscarriage (odds ratio = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.51–2.84) compared with unexposed pregnancies.ConclusionsThe number of pregnancies exposed to ADHD medication has increased similarly to the increase in use of ADHD medication among women of childbearing age. Use of ADHD medication in pregnancy was associated with different indicators of maternal disadvantage and with increased risk of induced abortion and miscarriage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qubits in der Mikrowelle
Authors: Ospelkaus Christian , Warring Ulrich , Colombe Yves 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEinzelne, gefangene Ionen sind ein vielversprechendes System für die Quanteninformation, Quantensimulation und für Präzisionsmessungen. Üblicherweise werden sie über Laser kontrolliert. Die hier vorgestellten Techniken ermöglichen es, dies mit Mikrowellen‐Nahfeldern zu erzielen. Das erlaubt den Bau von einfach gestalteten Chip‐Fallen, die den Weg zu einer Integration vieler Quantenlogik‐Module zu skalierbaren Quantencomputern eröffnen. Wir konnten damit bereits ein verschränkendes Zwei‐Qubit‐Gatter demonstrieren, wobei die verwendete Verschränkungsoperation für universelle Quantencomputer geeignet ist. Die Mikrowellentechnik vereinfacht dabei den experimentellen Aufwand erheblich.
Gut gekaut ist halb geschluckt
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEine Handvoll geröstete Erdnüsse, ein Schluck Bier dazu, so sehen gerne gesellige Abende aus. Bis die Nüsse aber geschluckt werden können, ist neben harter Beißarbeit ein gutes Stück Physik zu bewältigen. Das Zerkleinern der Nüsse und die Bildung eines schluckbaren, plastisch deformierbaren Nahrungsbreis folgen den Gesetzen von Materialphysik und “oraler Nahrungsmittel‐Prozesstechnik.”
Empfangssignale untersuchen mit Network Signal Info
Authors: Dengler Roman , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen , Lück Stephan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMobile Kommunikation gehört heute ganz selbstverständlich zum Alltag. Man nutzt Handy und Smartphone, ohne sich über die damit verbundene komplexe Technik Gedanken zu machen. Ebenso bleibt die Strahlungsbelastung durch die mobilen Geräte beim alltäglichen Benutzen häufig unbeachtet, obwohl diese immer wieder Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher und öffentlicher Diskussion ist. Die vorgestellte App liefert Informationen zur Signalübertragung und zu den verwendeten Standards. Dies erlaubt Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen von Eigenschaften elektromagnetischer Wellen. Der Empfang von Navigationssatelliten und die Kartendarstellungen eröffnen weitere interessante Möglichkeiten.
Fabrication of nitride/Si tandem cell structures with low environmental burden by surface activated bonding
Authors: Shigekawa Naoteru , Liang Jianbo , Watanabe Noriyuki , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGroup‐III nitride on Si tandem solar cell structures, which are free from materials with high impacts on the environment such as group‐III arsenides or phosphides, were successfully fabricated using the surfaceactivated bonding of nitride‐based sub cells, which had been grown on (0001) GaN substrates, and (111) Si‐based sub cells. The backsides of the GaN substrates had been polished and their averaged roughness was smaller than 1 nm prior to bonding.The open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the tandem cells was almost equal to the sum of VOC of the respective sub cells, while the conversion efficiency was limited by the properties of the nitride‐based top cells. Nitride‐on‐(100) Si tandem cells were also fabricated and the enhancement in VOC was observed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High temperature stability in non‐polar (11$ \bar 2 $0) InGaN quantum dots: Exciton and biexciton dynamics
Authors: Reid B. P. L. , Zhu T. , Chan C. C. S. , Kocher C. , Oehler F. , Emery R. , Kappers M. J. , Oliver R. A. , Taylor R. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report on optical studies of non‐polar InGaN quantum dots grown on the (11$ \bar 2 $2) plane. Excitonic and biexcitonic complexes are identified by their power dependence and show similar binding energies (∼ 36 meV) and recombination dynamics to conventional polar (0001) InGaN quantum dots. Measured lifetimes as low as 300 ps suggest a reduced internal electric field when compared with polar InGaN quantum dots.Temperature dependent micro‐photoluminescence measurements on a single exciton with a lifetime of 327ps reveal no significant exciton linewidth broadening up to 120K, suggesting a reduction in phonon coupling strength when compared to polar quantum dots. This is supported by a measured lifetime of 313 ps for this exciton at 77 K, suggesting the measured exciton decay is almost purely radiative. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Freestyle facial perforator flaps—a safe reconstructive option for moderate-sized facial defects
Authors: Gunnarsson Gudjon Leifur , Jackson Ian Thomas , Thomsen Jorn Bo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Perforators are a constant anatomical finding in the facial area and any known flap can in theory be based on the first perforator located at the flap rotation axis.

Methods
A case series of single stage reconstruction of moderate sized facial defects using 21 perforator based local flaps in 19 patients from 2008–2013.

Results
A sufficient perforator was located in every case and the flap rotated along its axis (76 %) or advanced (24 %).
Reconstruction was successfully achieved with a high self reported patient satisfaction. Two minor complications occurred early on in the series and corrective procedures were performed in four patients.

Conclusions
The random facial perforator flap seems to be a good and reliable option for the reconstruction of facial subunits, especially the periorbital, nasal and periocular area with a minimal morbidity and a pleasing result in a one stage outpatient setting.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study
Evidence for density‐dependent habitat occupancy at varying scales in an expanding bird population
Authors: Gadenne Hélène , Cornulier Thomas , Eraud Cyril , Barbraud Jean‐Claude , Barbraud Christophe 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUnderstanding factors shaping the spatial distribution of animals is crucial for the conservation and management of wildlife species. However, few studies have investigated density‐dependent habitat selection in wild populations in non‐equilibrium conditions and at varying spatial scales. Here, we investigated density‐dependent habitat selection at varying spatial scales in an increasing white storkCiconia ciconiapopulation using a long term data set in western France. During a 16‐year study period, the breeding population density increased from 0.66 nests per 100 km2to 6.6 nests per 100 km2. At the beginning of the colonisation of the area settlement probability of storks was mainly positively affected by grasslands located near wetlands. Areas with intensive or moderately intensive agriculture were extremely unlikely to be occupied by breeding birds. However, selection for the initially preferred habitats faded as stork density increased although the proportions of habitat types remained unchanged. At the same time selection for initially less favoured habitats had increased. Moreover, we found that the spatial scale of selection for each foraging habitat variable was consistent over time. Our results suggest that snapshot analyses of resource selection in populations at high density may be misleading for population conservation or management. In contrast, a longitudinal approach to resource selection can be a valuable tool for understanding resource limitation.
Alterations in Membrane Phospholipid Fatty Acids of Gram‐Positive Piezotolerant Bacterium Sporosarcina sp. DSK25 in Response to Growth Pressure
Authors: Wang Jiani , Li Jiangtao , Dasgupta Shamik , Zhang Li , Golovko Mikhail Y. , Golovko Svetlana A. , Fang Jiasong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPressure is an important thermodynamic property of the ocean and the deep biosphere that affects microbial physiology and biochemistry. Here, we report on our investigation of the response of Gram‐positive piezotolerant bacterium Sporosarcina sp. DSK25 to hydrostatic pressure. Strain DSK25 responded in an adaptive manner to upshifts of growth pressure and showed systematic changes in phospholipid fatty acids. As the pressure increased from 0.1 to 10 MPa (Megapascal), unsaturated fatty acids in DSK25 increased from 21.7 to 31.1 % of total fatty acids, while the level of iso‐ and anteiso‐branched fatty acids remained unchanged. At higher pressures (30, 50, and 60 MPa), the amount of unsaturated fatty acids decreased, and that of anteiso‐branched fatty acids increased from 34.4 to 49.9 % at the expense of iso‐branched fatty acids. For the first time, two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 18:2n‐6 and 18:2n‐x, with the latter having much higher abundance than the former, were identified in DSK25. The concentration of the PUFA increased with growth pressure. These results indicate the involvement of unsaturated and methyl‐branched fatty acids in the modulation of bacteria membrane fluidity and function over environmentally relevant parameter (pressure). Piezotolerant bacterium Sporosarcina sp. DSK25 appears to utilize two regulatory mechanisms for adaptation to high pressure, a rapid‐responding mechanism on transient scale, expressed as increased biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and a long‐term adaptation mechanism in increased synthesis of anteiso‐branched and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results further suggest that Gram‐positive piezophilic bacteria respond differently than Gram‐negative bacteria in adaptation to high pressure.
Optimization of Triacylglycerol‐estolide Analysis by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Smith Mark A. , Purves Randy W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAcylglycerols containing more than three acyl groups (TAG‐estolides) have been reported in plant seed oils and oil from ergot fungus. These TAG‐estolides have considerable potential for industrial use, however, costs of producing synthetic TAG‐estolides limits their use in large‐scale applications. Identification and structural characterization of additional natural sources of TAG‐estolides has been restricted by their complexity and limitations of current analytical techniques. In this work, detection and characterization of TAG‐estolides was optimized for use with MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Eight commonly used matrices were compared; 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) gave good quality mass spectra. Matrix additives were examined and lithium was the most suitable, since MS/MS spectra of lithiated TAG‐estolides provided the most informative fragmentation using an optimized method. The matrix solution pH was examined, and for THAP, replacing LiCl with 10–40 mM LiOH resulted in a slightly basic pH and significantly more intense TAG‐estolide signals (up to eightfold higher). Since DHB is acidic, a larger amount of LiOH (>150 mM) was required for the matrix solution to become basic, leading to ion suppression and reduced signal intensities. Thus, for TAG‐estolide analysis, THAP with ~20 to 30 mM LiOH gives the highest quality spectra and the most informative MS/MS fragmentation.
Assessment of “fresh” versus “macerated” as accurate markers of time since intrauterine fetal demise in low‐income countries
Authors: Gold Katherine J. , Abdul‐Mumin Abdul‐Razak S. , Boggs Martha E. , Opare‐Addo Henry S. , Lieberman Richard W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare provider assessment of fetal maceration with death‐to‐delivery interval to evaluate the reliability of appearance as a proxy for time of death.MethodsCohort chart abstraction was performed for all stillbirth deliveries at or above 28 weeks of gestation during a 1‐year period in a teaching hospital in Ghana.ResultsOf 470 stillborn infants, 337 had adequate data for analysis. Of 47 fetuses alive on admission with death‐to‐delivery intervals estimated to be less than 8 hours (expected to be reported as fresh), 14 (30%) were actually reported as macerated. Of 94 cases in which the fetus was deceased on admission with death‐to‐delivery interval of more than 8 hours (expected to be macerated), 17 (18%) were described as fresh.ConclusionProvider description of fetal appearance may be an unreliable indicator for time since fetal death. The findings have significant implications for stillbirth prevention and assessment.
Effects of Humidity on Foil and Vial Packaging to Preserve Glucose and Lactate Test Strips for Disaster Readiness
Authors: Truong Anh-Thu , Louie Richard F. , Vy John H. , Curtis Corbin M. , Ferguson William J. , Lam Mandy , Sumner Stephanie , Kost Gerald J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveEfficient emergency and disaster response is challenged by environmental conditions exceeding test reagent storage and operating specifications. We assessed the effectiveness of vial and foil packaging in preserving point-of-care (POC) glucose and lactate test strip performance in humid conditions.MethodsGlucose and lactate test strips in both packaging were exposed to mean relative humidity of 97.0 ± 1.1% in an environmental chamber for up to 168 hours. At defined time points, stressed strips were removed and tested in pairs with unstressed strips using whole blood samples spiked to glucose concentrations of 60, 100, and 250 mg/dL (n = 20 paired measurements per level). A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare stressed and unstressed test strip measurements.ResultsStressed glucose and lactate test strip measurements differed significantly from unstressed strips, and were inconsistent between experimental trials. Median glucose paired difference was as high as 12.5 mg/dL at the high glucose test concentration. Median lactate bias was −0.2 mmol/L. Stressed strips from vial (3) and foil (7) packaging failed to produce results.ConclusionsBoth packaging designs appeared to protect glucose and lactate test strips for at least 1 week of high humidity stress. Documented strip failures revealed the need for improved manufacturing process. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–7)
ON TESTIMONY AND TRANSMISSION
Authors: Carter J. Adam , Nickel Philip J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractJennifer Lackey's case “Creationist Teacher,” in which students acquire knowledge of evolutionary theory from a teacher who does not herself believe the theory, has been discussed widely as a counterexample to so-called transmission theories of testimonial knowledge and justification. The case purports to show that a speaker need not herself have knowledge or justification in order to enable listeners to acquire knowledge or justification from her assertion. The original case has been criticized on the ground that it does not really refute the transmission theory, because there is still somebody in a chain of testifiers – the person from whom the creationist teacher acquired what she testifies – who knows the truth of the testified statements. In this paper, we provide a kind of pattern for generating counterexample cases, one that avoids objections discussed by Peter Graham and others in relation to such cases.