bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of binge eating and neighbourhood fast-food restaurant availability on diet and weight status
Authors: Ledoux Tracey , Adamus-Leach Heather , O'Connor Daniel P , Mama Scherezade , Lee Rebecca E 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveFast-food restaurants (FFR) are prevalent. Binge eating is common among overweight and obese women. For women prone to binge eating, neighbourhood FFR availability (i.e. the neighbourhood around one's home) may promote poor diet and overweight/obesity. The present study tested the effects of binge eating and neighbourhood FFR availability on diet (fat and total energy intake) and BMI among African American and Hispanic/Latino women.DesignAll measures represent baseline data from the Health is Power randomized clinical trial. The numbers of FFR in participants’ neighbourhoods were counted and dichotomized (0 or ≥1 neighbourhood FFR). Participants completed measures of binge eating status and diet. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. 2 (binge eating status) × 2 (neighbourhood FFR availability) ANCOVA tested effects on diet and BMI while controlling for demographics.SettingHouston and Austin, TX, USA.SubjectsAfrican American and Hispanic/Latino women aged 25–60 years.ResultsOf the total sample (n162), 48 % had 1–15 neighbourhood FFR and 29 % were binge eaters. There was an interaction effect on BMI (P= 0·05). Binge eaters with ≥1 neighbourhood FFR had higher BMI than non-binge eaters or binge eaters with no neighbourhood FFR. There were no significant interactions or neighbourhood FFR main effects on total energy or fat intake (P> 0·05). A main effect of binge eating showed that binge eaters consumed more total energy (P= 0·005) and fat (P= 0·005) than non-binge eaters.ConclusionsBinge eaters represented a substantial proportion of this predominantly overweight and obese sample of African American and Hispanic/Latino women. The association between neighbourhood FFR availability and weight status is complicated by binge eating status, which is related to diet.
Lesekompetenzen und schulische Lernumwelten
Authors: Becker Michael , McElvany Nele , Lüdtke Oliver , Trautwein Ulrich 
Published: January 2014

Anhand der Berliner Leselängsschnitt-Studie (LESEN 3 – 6) wurde die schriftsprachliche Kompetenzentwicklung (Leseverständnis, Wortschatz und Dekodierfähigkeit) bei Grundschülerinnen und Grundschülern sowie bei Gymnasiastinnen und Gymnasiasten längsschnittlich analysiert. Ein Fokus lag dabei auf der Frage, ob Schülerinnen und Schüler mit frühzeitigem Wechsel auf das Gymnasium–der in Berlin nach Klassenstufe 4 möglich ist–eine andere Lernentwicklung aufweisen als Kinder mit sechsjähriger Grundschulzeit. Insgesamt nahmen N = 772 Schülerinnen und Schüler aus Berlin an der Studie teil. Auf einer deskriptiven Ebene wurden keine differenziellen Effekte während der gemeinsamen Grundschulzeit (Klassenstufe 3 und 4) zwischen den beiden Gruppen identifiziert. In der Zeit, in der die Kinder in unterschiedliche Schultypen aufgeteilt waren (5. und 6. Klasse), zeigten sich für den Wortschatz und–zumindest tendenziell–für die Dekodierfähigkeit höhere Zugewinne für die Gymnasiasten. Mit Wachstumskurvenanalysen wurde darüber hinaus überprüft, ob sich der differenzielle Zugewinn direkt auf die schulische Gliederung zurückführen ließ, wenn gleichzeitig die interindividuellen Unterschiede in intraindividuellen Veränderungen insgesamt berücksichtigt wurden. Unter Kontrolle dieser interindividuellen Unterschiede konnte in keiner der drei Domänen ein eindeutiger Effekt der schulischen Gliederung belegt werden. Inhaltliche und methodische Aspekte dieser Befunde werden diskutiert.
Anxiolytic-like effects observed in rats exposed to the elevated zero-maze following treatment with 5-HT2/5-HT3/5-HT4 ligands
Authors: Bell Rob , Duke Aaron A. , Gilmore Paula E. , Page Deaglan , Bègue Laurent 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of administering selective 5-HT antagonists and agonists to rats tested in the elevated zero-maze (EZM) model of anxiety. The EZM paradigm has advantages over the elevated plus-maze (EPM) paradigm with respect to measuring anxiety, yet has been utilized less frequently. Three experiments were conducted each with a diazepam control (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg). In the first experiment, we administered the 5-HT2C antagonist RS 102221 (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT2C agonist MK-212 (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg); in the second experiment, we administered the 5-HT3 antagonist Y-25130 (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT3 agonist SR 57227A (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and in the third experiment, we administered the 5-HT4 antagonist RS 39604 (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT4 agonist RS 67333 (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg). The administration of 5-HT2/3/4 subtype antagonists all generated behavioral profiles indicative of anxiolytic-like effects in the EZM, which was apparent from examination of both traditional and ethological measures. While little effect was observed from 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 agonists, the 5-HT4 agonist RS 67333 was found to produce a paradoxical anxiolytic-like effect similar to that produced by the 5-HT4 antagonist RS 39604. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings.
A Review of Urban Water Body Challenges and Approaches: (2) Mitigating Effects of Future Urbanization
Authors: Hughes Robert M , Dunham Susie , Maas-Hebner Kathleen G , Yeakley J Alan , Harte Michael , Molina Nancy , Shock Clinton C , Kaczynski Victor W 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Previously we examined how degraded urban streams can be rehabilitated, with emphasis on identifying solutions that match the scale of the problems (Hughes et al. 2014). Our findings showed that rehabilitation techniques are challenging but that some environmental benefits can nearly always be obtained regardless of existing conditions. Although rehabilitation is useful in many present-day situations, biologists need to consider the future and think about ways of preventing or reducing future environmental damage. We need to reduce future damage because urban areas are likely to expand greatly over the next century; if historical patterns continue, the number and length of streams experiencing urban stream syndrome will increase, with resulting high repair costs. However, there are several ways of avoiding or mitigating damage that are not only cost effective but provide benefits to humans and urban ecosystems.
RESUMEN
previamente se examinó cómo los ríos urbanos degradados pueden ser rehabilitados, con énfasis en la identificación de soluciones consistentes con la escala de los problemas. Los hallazgos mostraron que las técnicas de rehabilitación si bien presentan un reto, casi siempre puede obtenerse un margen de beneficios ambientales indepen-dientemente de las condiciones imperantes. Pese a que la rehabilitación puede ser útil en muchas de las situaciones actuales, los biólogos necesitan tomar en cuenta el futuro e idear formas para prevenir o reducir el daño ambiental. Esta reducción resulta indispensable toda vez que se espera que las áreas urbanas se expandan de forma importante en el siguiente siglo; de continuar los patrones históricos, se incrementará el número y extensión de los caudales que sufren del síndrome del río urbano, lo que dará como resultado elevados costos de reparación. No obstante, existen diversas formas para evitar o mitigar los daños; formas que no solo son efectivas en términos de costos sino que también proveen beneficios tanto a los humanos como a los ecosistemas urbanos.
Daily Bathing with Chlorhexidine-Based Soap and the Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Infection
Authors: Viray Melissa A. , Morley James C. , Coopersmith Craig M. , Kollef Marin H. , Fraser Victoria J. , Warren David K. 
Published: January 2014

Objective.Determine whether daily bathing with chlorhexidine-based soap decreased methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission and intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired S. aureus infection among ICU patients.Design.Prospective pre-post-intervention study with control unit.Setting.A 1,250-bed tertiary care teaching hospital.Patients.Medical and surgical ICU patients.Methods.Active surveillance for MRSA colonization was performed in both ICUs. In June 2005, a chlorhexidine bathing protocol was implemented in the surgical ICU. Changes in S. aureus transmission and infection rate before and after implementation were analyzed using time-series methodology.Results.The intervention unit had a 20.68% decrease in MRSA acquisition after institution of the bathing protocol (12.64 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk before the intervention vs 10.03 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk after the intervention; β, −2.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), −5.19 to −0.04]; P = .046). There was no significant change in MRSA acquisition in the control ICU during the study period (10.97 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk before June 2005 vs 11.33 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk after June 2005; β, −11.10 [95% CI, −37.40 to 15.19]; P = .40). There was a 20.77% decrease in all S. aureus (including MRSA) acquisition in the intervention ICU from 2002 through 2007 (19.73 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk before the intervention to 15.63 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk after the intervention [95% CI, −7.25 to −0.95]; P = .012)]. The incidence of ICU-acquired MRSA infections decreased by 41.37% in the intervention ICU (1.96 infections per 1,000 patient-days at risk before the intervention vs 1.15 infections per 1,000 patient-days at risk after the intervention; P = .001).Conclusions.Institution of daily chlorhexidine bathing in an ICU resulted in a decrease in the transmission of S. aureus, including MRSA. These data support the use of routine daily chlorhexidine baths to decrease rates of S. aureus transmission and infection.
ngsTools: methods for population genetics analyses from next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Fumagalli Matteo , Vieira Filipe G. , Linderoth Tyler , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSummary: Next-generation sequencing technologies produce short reads that are either de novo assembled or mapped to a reference genome. Genotypes and/or single-nucleotide polymorphisms are then determined from the read composition at each site, which become the basis for many downstream analyses. However, for low sequencing depths, e.g. , there is considerable statistical uncertainty in the assignment of genotypes because of random sampling of homologous base pairs in heterozygotes and sequencing or alignment errors. Recently, several probabilistic methods have been proposed to account for this uncertainty and make accurate inferences from low quality and/or coverage sequencing data.We present ngsTools, a collection of programs to perform population genetics analyses from next-generation sequencing data. The methods implemented in these programs do not rely on single-nucleotide polymorphism or genotype calling and are particularly suitable for low sequencing depth data.Availability: Programs included in ngsTools are implemented in C/C++ and are freely available for noncommercial use at https://github.com/mfumagalli/ngsTools.Contact: mfumagalli82@gmail.comSupplementary Information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
An Improved Search Algorithm to Find G-Quadruplexes in Genome Sequences
Authors: Varizhuk Anna , Ischenko Dmitry , Smirnov Igor , Tatarinova Olga , Severov Vyacheslav , Novikov Roman , Tsvetkov Vladimir , Naumov Vladimir , Kaluzhny Dmitry , Pozmogova Galina 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA growing body of data suggests that the secondary structures adopted by G-rich polynucleotides may be more diverse than previously thought and that the definition of G-quadruplex-forming sequences should be broadened. We studied solution structures of a series of naturally occurring and model single-stranded DNA fragments defying the G3+NL1G3+NL2G3+NL3G3+formula, which is used in most of the current GQ-search algorithms. The results confirm the GQ-forming potential of such sequences and suggest the existence of new types of GQs. We developed an improved (broadened) GQ-search algorithm (http://niifhm.ru/nauchnye-issledovanija/otdel-molekuljarnoj-biologii-i-genetiki/laboratorija-iskusstvennogo-antitelogeneza/497-2/) that accounts for the recently reported new types of GQs.
Estimate of Within Population Incremental Selection Through Branch Imbalance in Lineage Trees
Authors: Liberman Gilad , Benichou Jennifer , Tsaban Lea , Maman Yaakov , Glanville Jacob , Louzoun Yoram 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIncremental selection within a population, defined as a limited fitness change following a mutation, is an important aspect of many evolutionary processes and can significantly affect a large number of mutations through the genome. Strongly advantageous or deleterious mutations are detected through the fixation of mutations in the population, using the synonymous to non-synonymous mutations ratio in sequences. There are currently to precise methods to estimate incremental selection occurring over limited periods. We here provide for the first time such a detailed method and show its precision and its applicability to the genomic analysis of selection.A special case of evolution is rapid, short term micro-evolution, where organism are under constant adaptation, occurring for example in viruses infecting a new host, B cells mutating during a germinal center reactions or mitochondria evolving within a given host.The proposed method is a novel mixed lineage tree/sequence based method to detect within population selection as defined by the effect of mutations on the average number of offspring. Specifically, we propose to measure the log of the ratio between the number of leaves in lineage trees branches following synonymous and non-synonymous mutations.This method does not suffer from the need of a baseline model and is practically not affected by sampling biases. In order to show the wide applicability of this method, we apply it to multiple cases of micro-evolution, and show that it can detect genes and intergenic regions using the selection rate and detect selection pressures in viral proteins and in the immune response to pathogens.
Relative glycemic and insulinemic impact of rice and rice products
Authors: Singhania Pooja R. , Sen Ray Kasturi 
Published: January 2014

PurposeRice is considered a high glycemic index food. However, the overall glycemic response to whole foods differs based on the presence of co‐components, cooking or processing technique, starch composition, and amount of food consumed. The purpose of this paper is to observe the relative glycemic impact (RGI) of foods based on postprandial glycemic response to equal quantities of test foods and standard‐bread expressed as glycemic bread equivalent (GBE), using rice and its products.Design/methodology/approachIn total, five clinically healthy adult volunteers were fed 50 g test foods and bread on different days after an overnight fast. Blood sugar and insulin levels at fasting state and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after consuming food were recorded and corresponding area under the curve was calculated.FindingsThe GBE was highest for puffed rice at 107 g, whereas same amount of rice kheer and plain boiled rice induced glycemic response equivalent to 19.5 g and 11 g of bread, respectively. RGI of puffed rice was found to be significantly higher than that of rice kheer and boiled rice (p<0.01). Similarly, the total insulinemic effect of puffed rice (71 g) was found to be significantly higher than that of rice (6 g, p<0.01) and rice kheer (19 g, p<0.05).Practical implicationsDespite being prepared from common raw ingredient, all the three test foods produced varied glycemic and insulin responses. This can be attributed to the different processing conditions, change in nutrient composition and total quantity consumed.Originality/valueThe GBE values may constitute a simple and easy‐to‐use tool for consumers to select food in terms of their predicted glycemic and insulin responses, especially in the diabetic or insulin‐resistant group.
Nutritional composition and sensory properties of “poundmix” from yam, cocoyam, and breadfruit blends
Authors: Stephen Oladeji Babatunde 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop poundmix for reconstitution, such as pounded yam, from yam, cocoyam and breadfruit blends and to evaluate their nutritional compositions.Design/methodology/approachPregelatinized flours of yam, cocoyam and breadfruit were prepared separately. Three coded samples of 30, 40 and 50 per cent composite blends of poundmix were formulated. The proximate composition, starch, vitamin C and mineral elements contents of the poundmix were determined and the results were subjected to statistical analysis.FindingsThe protein contents of poundmix samples were 5.6, 6.1 and 6.2 per cent for 30, 40 and 50 per cent composites, respectively, which is an increase from that of whole yam (4.8 per cent). Significant difference also existed between the starch content of the poundmix and that of the whole yam flour (p<0.05). However, there is no significant difference in the overall acceptability of the poundmix samples and that of the whole yam flour at p<0.05.Originality/valueThe paper's findings show that supplementing poundo yam at 40 per cent composite level has the best nutritional composition and organoleptic scores and so it is recommended for both household and industrial practice.
A comparative analysis in the macro and micro nutrient compositions of bakery food products available in the Chittagong city corporation, Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Baishakhi , Ullah Mahbub , Absar Nurul , Manchur Abul 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe chicken sandwich is familiar fast food, not only in Bangladesh but also all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparative analysis of nutrient composition of this bakery product.Design/methodology/approachFor the study, four well reputed food industries of Chittagong city are selected: Well food (sample 1), Sizzle (sample 2), Food fair (sample 3), and Bonoful (sample 4). Among the parameters, the following were analyzed: ash, total protein, total lipid, water soluble protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, non‐reducing sugar and some mineral content. The nutrient composition was measured by using standard procedure and minerals were measured by using atomic absorption spectroscopy.FindingsProximate analysis indicated total protein content in the range of 11.73 to 16.18 gm/100 gm, while water soluble protein content varied from 0.006 to 0.029 gm/100 gm in the samples. Total sugar ranged between 3.5 and 6.46 gm/100 gm and lipid was high in sample no 4 (34.83 gm/100 gm). The sample no 2 is considered to be superior as it contained the highest amount of minerals such as potassium (76.58 mg/100 gm), calcium (234.83 mg/100 gm), manganese (70.50 ppm) and zinc (106.33 ppm).Originality/valueThe results of this research can be utilized to improve the nutritive value of foods and might be helpful in creating public awareness.
Free amino acid content in infant formulas
Authors: Ventura Alison K. , San Gabriel Ana , Hirota Mariko , Mennella Julie A. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeInfant formula is the sole nutrition and food source for many infants. Information on the free amino acid (FAA) content of formulas, particularly those that are protein hydrolysate based, is limited, despite emerging evidence for the role of FAAs in regulating eating behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to measure levels of essential, semi‐essential, and nonessential FAAs in commercially available infant formulas to provide a foundation for future research examining the influence of FAAs on infant development.Design/methodology/approachUsing an automatic amino acid analyzer, we measured the concentrations of FAAs in four types of formula: two cow milk (CMF); three soy protein (SPF); and three protein hydrolysate (PHF), one of which was a partial hydrolysate (pPHF) and two of which were extensive hydrolysate (ePHF).FindingsIt was found that the amount and number of FAAs varied significantly across formula types: for CMF, total FAAs ranged from 523‐864 μmol/L, with taurine being the most prominent; SPF, 1933‐2450, methionine; pPHF, 2329, taurine; and ePHF, 80375‐85445, leucine. ePHF had the highest levels and the most diversified profiles of FAAs.Research limitations/implicationsStriking discrepancies exist for FAA profiles of infant formulas. Comparison of these data to published psychophysical data on the taste qualities of individual FAAs provides insights into the unique flavor profiles of infant formulas. Overall, the data from this study provide a necessary foundation for future research examining the influence of FAAs in formulas on infant growth and development.Originality/valuePublished data on the FAA content of PHF is limited, despite their increased availability and use. This research is the first to report the FAA content of partial and extensive PHF, and to compare these values to CMF and SPF.
Organizational culture and innovation culture: exploring the relationships between constructs
Authors: Sadegh Sharifirad Mohammad , Ataei Vahid 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of organizational culture (OC) on the building blocks of innovation culture (IC) in Iranian auto companies.Design/methodologyIn total, a sample of six large auto companies were examined and 245 questionnaires completed by employees. A conceptual model was developed and the hypotheses analyzed by using exploratory factor analysis and then the direct and indirect effects of constructs were analyzed by path analysis technique.FindingsFindings suggest that the constructs of OC correlate with those of IC. These correlations are all positive except for the relations between consistency and organizational learning, as well as of that between consistency and creativity and improvement.Practical implicationsFirst, this paper has checked the validity of both questionnaires in an Iranian context so that they could be used with more confidence. Second, innovation can flow in the organizations when organizational culture supports it. This research specified those elements which can help managers and executives find the aspects of OC which can increase IC.Originality/valueThe paper serves as a reference for fostering an IC in auto companies. Paying attention to different aspects of OC can have a positive effect on making innovation pervasive in organizations. This research was done for the first time in an Asian context and is literally unprecedented in Iran.