bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the information on rheumatology in the resources of Internet services opinion-shaping dailies and weeklies
Authors: Szpakowski Rafał , Zając Patrycja 
Published: November 2014

<b>Cel: </b>Analiza treści zasobów informacyjnych dotyczących reumatologii w internetowych serwisach wybranych dzienników oraz tygodników opiniotwórczych.<br />
<b>Materiał i metody:</b> Materiał poddany analizie treści obejmował zasoby informacyjne internetowych serwisów 6 czasopism opiniotwórczych, wytypowanych na podstawie rankingu Najbardziej opiniotwórczych mediów w 2012 r., opracowanego przez Instytut Monitorowania Mediów. Jednostki obserwacji zostały wybrane wg kolejności w rankingu. W toku analizy ilościowej dla tematyki reumatologicznej użyto następujących słów jako jednostek analizy: reumatyzm, choroby reumatyczne, reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów, reumatologia, instytut reumatologii. Następnie w toku analizy jakościowej, dla której jednostką analizy/kontekstu była pełna treść określonego zasobu informacyjnego wytypowanego na podstawie jednostki analizy ilościowej, wyłoniono zasoby, które wg subiektywnej oceny treści przez autorów spełniały określone kryterium. Identyczne postępowanie badawcze jak dla tematyki reumatologicznej zastosowano dla tematyki alergologicznej, z tą różnicą, że analiza jakościowa nie obejmowała utworzenia klucza kategoryzacyjnego, a jako jednostki analizy ilościowej przyjęto słowa: alergia, alergii, alergologia.<br />
<b>Wyniki:</b> Zidentyfikowano 161 zasobów dla tematyki reumatologicznej, natomiast dla tematyki alergologicznej zidentyfikowano 243 zasoby. Wyszukane zasoby pochodziły z okresu od 1999 r. (najstarszy) do 2013 r. (najnowszy) – wśród tygodników najwięcej zasobów o tematyce reumatologicznej opublikował Wprost (1,4 zasobu/rok), o tematyce alergologicznej również Wprost (2,3 zasobu/rok). Wśród dzienników najwięcej o tematyce reumatologicznej opublikował Puls Biznesu (5,3 zasobu/rok), o tematyce alergologicznej najwięcej Gazeta Wyborcza (5,4 zasobu/rok). Analiza jakościowa zasobów związanych z reumatologią wykazała, iż najczęściej zasoby te miały charakter doniesień naukowych (n = 29; 18%) oraz kampanii edukacyjnych (n = 44; 27%).<br />
<b>Wnioski</b>: Na podstawie zasobów serwisów internetowych analizowanych dzienników i tygodników reumatologia w porównaniu z alergologią jest tematem, któremu media opiniotwórcze poświęcają mniej uwagi. Zasoby reumatologiczne charakteryzują się głównie pozytywnym przekazem.
New aspects of spondyloarthritis pathogenesis. Part III – arthritis, pathological bone remodeling
Authors: Kontny Ewa 
Published: November 2014

Spondyloartropatie (SpA) są formą przetrwałego zapalenia stawów obwodowych i kręgosłupa, które może być zapoczątkowane przez zapalenie podchrzęstnego szpiku kostnego w stawach albo zapalenie przyczepów ścięgnistych. Inwazyjna tkanka włóknista zastępująca szpik kostny, rezydujące w przyczepach ścięgnistych limfocyty T o cechach komórek odporności wrodzonej oraz cytokiny: czynnik martwicy nowotworów (tumor necrosis factor – TNF), interleukiny 23, 17 i 22, biorą udział w tych lokalnych procesach patologicznych. Mechanizmy molekularne, które biorą udział w zapaleniu stawów, destrukcji chrząstki i kości stawowej, są podobne do tych w reumatoidalnym zapaleniu stawów i są zatrzymywane przez skuteczną terapię przeciwzapalną, w tym leki biologiczne neutralizujące TNF. Terapie anty-TNF jednak nie hamują patologicznego tworzenia kości, a to zjawisko jest cechą charakterystyczną SpA. Powoduje ono m.in. powstawanie syndesmofitów i ankylozę kręgosłupa. Mechanizmy molekularne leżące u podłoża patologicznej przebudowy kości w SpA, jak również ich interakcje ze szlakami zapalnymi nie są w pełni poznane. Trzy główne omówione w artykule hipotezy są próbą wyjaśnienia tego problemu.
Panniculitis in an 11-year-old girl – symptom of cat scratch disease or systemic lupus erythematosus onset?
Authors: Świdrowska Joanna , Biernacka-Zielińska Małgorzata , Zygmunt Agnieszka , Stańczyk Jerzy , Smolewska Elżbieta 
Published: November 2014

Panniculitis, czyli zapalenie tkanki podskórnej, obejmuje zmiany zapalne tkanki podskórnej o różnej etiologii. Może towarzyszyć wielu schorzeniom ogólnoustrojowym, pojawia się często u pacjentów z układowymi zapalnymi chorobami tkanki łącznej. Najczęściej obserwuje się je w przebiegu tocznia rumieniowatego krążkowego (2–3% pacjentów), rzadziej w postaci układowej tocznia. Zapalenie tkanki podskórnej może być jednak pierwszym objawem poprzedzającym rozwój choroby. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek pacjentki z ciężkim przebiegiem zapalenia tkanki podskórnej. U chorej obserwowano bolesną, zlokalizowaną na bocznej powierzchni uda zmianę skórną. Występowały uogólnione objawy, takie jak hektyczna gorączka, splenomegalia, limfadenopatia. Dodatkowo w badaniach laboratoryjnych stwierdzono dodatnie miano przeciwciał diagnostycznych dla wielu chorób infekcyjnych, w tym choroby kociego pazura. Pomimo agresywnej antybiotykoterapii oraz terapii przeciwzapalnej nie obserwowano zadowalających efektów. Z uwagi na całość obrazu oraz dodatni wywiad rodzinny w kierunku tocznia rumieniowatego podjęto próbę steroidoterapii, co przyniosło efekt kliniczny.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct CH Arylation of Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD): Toward Efficient and Low‐Cost Synthesis of π‐Functional Small Molecules
Authors: Song Yi‐Ting , Lin Po‐Han , Liu Ching‐Yuan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA series of thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD)‐based functional small molecules were efficiently synthesized through direct CH arylations using inexpensive copper salts. In this study, we examined all required reaction parameters including various copper complexes, ligands, bases, and (co)solvents. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the CH arylation proceeded smoothly and a variety of functional groups such as ester, nitrile, fluoride, chloride, triazene, and amine were tolerated. This method provides a step‐economical and relatively low‐cost synthetic alternative to presently used coupling reactions for the preparation of TPD‐containing π‐functional materials.magnified image
Size and placement of developing anterior teeth in immature Neanderthal mandibles from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria: Implications for emergence of the modern human chin
Authors: Fukase Hitoshi , Kondo Osamu , Ishida Hajime 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTEvolutionary and functional significance of the human chin has long been explored from various perspectives including masticatory biomechanics, speech, and anterior tooth size. Recent ontogenetic studies have indicated that the spatial position of internally forming anterior teeth partially constrains adult mandibular symphyseal morphology. The present study therefore preliminarily examined the size and placement of developing anterior teeth in immature Neanderthal mandibles of Dederiyeh 1 and 2, compared with similarly‐aged modern humans (N = 16) and chimpanzees (N = 7) whose incisors are comparatively small and large among extant hominids, respectively. The Dederiyeh 1 mandible is described as slightly presenting a mental trigone and attendant mental fossa, whereas Dederiyeh 2 completely lacks such chin‐associated configurations. Results showed that, despite symphyseal size being within the modern human range, both Dederiyeh mandibles accommodated overall larger anterior dentition and displayed a remarkably wide bicanine space compared to those of modern humans. Dederiyeh 2 had comparatively thicker deciduous incisor roots and more enlarged permanent incisor crypts than Dederiyeh 1, but both Dederiyeh individuals exhibited a total dental size mostly intermediate between modern humans and chimpanzees. These findings potentially imply that the large deciduous/permanent incisors collectively distended the labial alveolar bone, obscuring an incipient mental trigone. It is therefore hypothesized that the appearance of chin‐associated features, particularly of the mental trigone and fossa, can be accounted for partly by developmental relationships between the sizes of the available mandibular space and anterior teeth. This hypothesis must be, however, further addressed with more referential samples in future studies. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:482–488, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoscopic endonasal resection of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas of the sinonasal tract
Authors: Bignami Maurizio , Volpi Luca , Karligkiotis Apostolos , De Bernardi Francesca , Pistochini Andrea , AlQahtani AbdulAziz , Meloni Francesco , Verillaud Benjamin , Herman Philippe , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundRespiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAHs) are rare benign tumors and may manifest as either isolated lesions or in association with sinonasal polyposis. The aim of this study is to report our experience in the management of patients with REAH and to analyze the long‐term results of the endoscopic endonasal approach.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a database dedicated to patients with REAH treated between May 2003 and December 2012 was performed. Clinical presentation, demographic, histologic and radiographic features, operative findings, and follow‐up data were examined.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients with REAH, 14 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 51 years, underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The most frequent reported symptoms were nasal obstruction (80%), headache (12%), mucous rhinorrhea (20%), and hyposmia (40%). Seventeen cases (first group) were present as isolated masses, 10 cases (second group) were associated with nasal polyposis. The first group with a preoperative diagnosis of REAH was submitted to a more aggressive resection with subperiosteal dissection and drilling of the underlying bone. The patients in the second group, because of the unrevealed diagnosis of REAH and due to the presence of nasal polyposis, underwent standard ESS. No evidence of recurrence in either of the subgroups after a mean follow‐up of 61.2 months.ConclusionREAH is a benign well‐defined pathological entity but is still unfamiliar. REAH should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis from more aggressive lesions to avoid unnecessary surgical procedure. A complete but conservative endoscopic resection appears to be curative.
Argentophilic Interactions
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert , Schier Annette 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe decade 1990–2000 saw a growing interest in aurophilic interactions in gold chemistry. These interactions were found to influence significantly a variety of structural and other physical characteristics of gold(I) compounds. The attention paid to this unusual and counterintuitive type of intra‐ and intermolecular bonding between seemingly closed‐shell metal centers has rapidly been extended to also include silver chemistry. Hundreds of experimental and computational studies have since been dedicated to the argentophilicity phenomenon. The results of this development are reviewed herein focusing on molecular systems where two or more silver(I) centers are in close contact leading to specific structural characteristics and a variety of novel physical properties. These include strongly modified ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer processes observed in absorption and emission spectroscopy, but also colossal positive and negative thermal expansion on the one hand and unprecedented negative linear compressibility of crystal parameters on the other.
Ambient Stable Zwitterionic Perylene Bisimide‐Centered Radical
Authors: Schmidt David , Bialas David , Würthner Frank 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe unexpected introduction of a cationic imidazolium substituent in the 2‐position of a tetrachloro‐substituted perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (PBI) by the reaction of PBI‐Cl4 1 with the N‐heterocyclic carbene 1,3‐di‐iso‐propyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (iPr2Im 2) enables the isolation of an ambient stable zwitterionic radical. The remarkable stability of this unprecedented PBI‐centered radical facilitates the complete characterization by several spectroscopic methods as well as single crystal structure analysis. Redox studies revealed that iPr2Im‐PBI‐Cl4 4 can be transferred reversibly to the corresponding anion and cation, respectively, even on a preparative scale.
The Expression and Role of MEKK3 in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Hongsheng , Cao Xuequan , Chen Qi , Chen Lanxi , Chen Lili , Gan Meifu 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTo explore the relationship between Mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase kinase 3(MEKK3) and cell apoptosis, clinicopathology, and prognosis, we characterize the expression of MEKK3, survivin and stat3 in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC). The expressions were measured by RT‐PCR and Western blot from 15 cases of RCCC and 15 cases of control group (CG). Protein expression was detected by tissue microarray and immunochemistry in 98 cases of RCCC, 28 cases of CG. Expression patterns were analyzed for their association with pathological factors, correlation and prognosis in RCCC. Expression of MEKK3, survivin and stat3 mRNA was significantly higher in RCCC than in CG (P < 0.01). MEKK3, survivin and stat3 expression differed significantly between pathological grade (P < 0.05) and clinical stage (P < 0.05). MEKK3 expression was positively correlated with survivin and stat3 (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we investigated the role of MEKK3 in RCCC using the technique of RNA silencing via small interfering (siRNA) in ACHN cells. The results indicated that the targeted depletion of MEKK3 caused a dramatic massive apoptotic cell death. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that MEKK3 and survivin expression, pathological grade, and clinical stage reduced cumulative survival. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that MEKK3, survivin, and clinical staging were independent prognostic factors in renal cancer (P < 0.05). MEKK3 can be used as an important marker of prognostic evaluation in RCCC. The mechanism may be closely related to cell apoptosis. Targeted therapy of MEKK3 may provide a new strategy for treatment of chemotherapeutic‐resistant tumors. Anat Rec, 298:727–734, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Synthesis of Aza‐triquinacene Derivatives via Cycloaddition of 2,6‐Diazasemibullvalenes with Nitroso Compounds
Authors: Zhan Ming , Zhang Shaoguang , Huang Zhe , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe reaction between 2,6‐diazasemibullvalenes and nitroso compounds was investigated. Aza‐triquinacene derivatives of interesting structural and synthetic chemistry were generated highly selectively in good to excellent isolated yields. This reaction, which was rarely found between common aziridine derivatives and nitroso compounds, could be attributed to the rigid polycyclic ring system and the substitution patterns of 2,6‐diazasemibullvalenes. Δ1‐Bipyrroline derivatives were formed in excellent yields when these aza‐triquinacene derivatives were treated with SmI2.
ROGA – A New Method for Risk‐Based Hazard Analysis: Part 1 – Deductive Hazard Analysis and Risk‐Based Assessment by Using a Risk Graph
Authors: Bock Franz‐Josef , Haferkamp Klaus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method, risk‐oriented hazard analysis (ROGA), for carrying out the risk‐based hazard analysis of chemical plants. The aim of ROGA method is to determine the status of a plant's safety technology by determining the risk that arises as a result of a source of hazard taking effect and by evaluating all measures taken to control this risk. The contribution consists of two parts. In this first part, the deductive hazard analysis and its extension by a semi‐quantitative risk assessment associated with sources of hazards is explained with the help of a risk graph.
ROGA – A New Method for Risk‐Based Hazard Analysis: Part 2 – Semi‐Quantitative Assessment and Implementation of the Hazard Analysis
Authors: Bock Franz‐Josef , Haferkamp Klaus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the first part of this article, the deductive hazard analysis and its extension by a semi‐quantitative risk assessment of sources of hazards were presented. This was done by using a calibrated risk graph. In this second part now, the semi‐quantitative assessment of the dependability of safety measures is pointed out. The safety check is carried out by comparing the risk classes with dependability classes which are applied to both operational and technical measures. Now this paper describes the requirements for ROGA arising from the stipulations of the international standards like IEC 61508/11.
A Critique of Recent Semi‐Classical Spin‐Half Quantum Plasma Theories
Authors: Krishnaswami G. S. , Nityananda R. , Sen A. , Thyagaraja A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCertain recent semi‐classical theories of spin‐half quantum plasmas are examined with regard to their internal consistency, physical applicability and relevance to fusion, astrophysical and condensed matter plasmas. It is shown that the derivations and some of the results obtained in these theories are internally inconsistent and contradict well‐established principles of quantum and statistical mechanics, especially in their treatment of fermions and spin. Claims of large semi‐classical effects of spin magnetic moments that could dominate the plasma dynamics are found to be invalid both for single‐particles and collectively. Larmor moments dominate at high temperature while spin moments cancel due to Pauli blocking at low temperatures. Explicit numerical estimates from a variety of plasmas are provided to demonstrate that spin effects are indeed much smaller than many neglected classical effects. The analysis presented suggests that the aforementioned ‘Spin Quantum Hydrodynamic’ theories are not relevant to conventional laboratory or astrophysical plasmas. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hox and ParaHox genes: A review on molluscs
Authors: Biscotti Maria Assunta , Canapa Adriana , Forconi Mariko , Barucca Marco 
Published: November 2014

SummaryHox and ParaHox genes are involved in patterning the anterior‐posterior body axis in metazoans during embryo development. Body plan evolution and diversification are affected by variations in the number and sequence of Hox and ParaHox genes, as well as by their expression patterns. For this reason Hox and ParaHox gene investigation in the phylum Mollusca is of great interest, as this is one of the most important taxa of protostomes, characterized by a high morphological diversity. The comparison of the works reviewed here indicates that species of molluscs, belonging to different classes, share a similar composition of Hox and ParaHox genes. Therefore evidence suggests that the wide morphological diversity of this taxon could be ascribed to differences in Hox gene interactions and expressions and changes in the Hox downstream genes rather than to Hox cluster composition. Moreover the data available on Hox and ParaHox genes in molluscs compared with those of other Lophotrochozoa shed light on the complex and controversial evolutionary histories that these genes have undergone within protostomes. genesis 52:935–945, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomic organization of Hox and ParaHox clusters in the echinoderm, Acanthaster planci
Authors: Baughman Kenneth W. , McDougall Carmel , Cummins Scott F. , Hall Mike , Degnan Bernard M. , Satoh Nori , Shoguchi Eiichi 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe organization of echinoderm Hox clusters is of interest due to the role that Hox genes play in deuterostome development and body plan organization, and the unique gene order of the Hox complex in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, which has been linked to the unique development of the axial region. Here, it has been reported that the Hox and ParaHox clusters of Acanthaster planci, a corallivorous starfish found in the Pacific and Indian oceans, generally resembles the chordate and hemichordate clusters. The A. planci Hox cluster shared with sea urchins the loss of one of the medial Hox genes, even‐skipped (Evx) at the anterior of the cluster, as well as organization of the posterior Hox genes. genesis 52:952–958, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Possible Roles of the Spatial Distribution of Organic Guest Species in Mesoporous Silicas to Control the Properties of the Hybrids
Authors: Ogawa Makoto , Saito Kanji , Sohmiya Minoru 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMesoporous silicas are promising materials for the construction of host–guest hybrids by the accommodation of functional unit/guest species into the mesopore, and moreover, by hierarchical assembly with controlled location, density, and orientation. Precisely designed structures open up the versatile functions of mesoporous silicas and their host–guest systems. In this microreview, the spatial distribution (location, density, and orientation) of the organic functional units/guest species in mesoporous silicas (mainly one‐dimensional cylindrical) is discussed to highlight the present status of the host–guest chemistry of mesoporous silicas.
Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes with Cerium Complexes Containing a Tripodal Oxygen Ligand
Authors: Yi Xiao‐Yi , Wang Guo‐Cang , Ip Ho‐Fai , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Chen Lizhuang , Sung Herman H. ‐Y. , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa‐Hung 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe treatment of [Ce(LOEt)2(NO3)2] (LOEt– = [Co(η5‐C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]–) with KMnO4 in water afforded a diamagnetic purple solid 1, which is tentatively formulated as a CeIV permanganate complex, “[Ce(LOEt)2(MnO4)2]”. The ZrIV analogue, [Zr(LOEt)2(MnO4)2] (2), has been prepared similarly from [Zr(LOEt)2(NO3)2] and KMnO4. The recrystallization of 1 from CH2Cl2/hexanes at –18 °C led to the isolation of dinuclear [(CeLOEt)2(μ‐LOEt′)2][MnO4]2 (3), which contains the dianionic tripodal ligand [LOEt′]2– ([(η5‐C5H5)Co{P(O)(OEt)2}2{P(O)2(OEt)}]2–). The reactions of 1 with K[ReO4] and [NH4][OsO3N] afforded the heterodimetallic complexes [Ce(LOEt)2(ReO4)2] (4) and [Ce(LOEt)2(NOsO3)2] (5), respectively. The crystal structures of 3 and 5 have been determined. Freshly prepared 1 can oxidize alkylbenzenes such as toluene, ethylbenzene, and cumene at room temperature to give the corresponding ketone and/or alcohol products. Ce–LOEt complexes are efficient promoters of the aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzenes by a radical mechanism. For example, cumene in the presence of [Ce(LOEt)2(H2O)2]Cl (1 mM) in air at 100 °C for 10 h afforded a ca. 6:1 mixture of 2‐phenyl‐2‐propanol and acetophenone with a total turnover number of 6810.
Systematic Variation of Cyanobuta‐1,3‐dienes and Expanded Tetracyanoquinodimethane Analogues as Electron Acceptors in Photoactive, Rigid Porphyrin Conjugates
Authors: Urner Lorenz M. , Sekita Michael , Trapp Nils , Schweizer W. Bernd , Wörle Michael , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Boudon Corinne , Guldi Dirk M. , Diederich François 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report on a homologous series of nine electron donor–acceptor systems featuring push–pull chromophores as electron acceptors, which are accessible by a cycloaddition‐retroelectrocyclization (CA‐RE) reaction. The conjugates comprise a ZnII porphyrin as electron donor, which is connected through either a rigid phenylene‐ethynylene‐phenylene (PEP)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane or a PEP‐trans‐decahydroquinoline spacer to different anilino‐substituted multicyanobutadienes or extended tetracyanoquinodimethane analogues with first reduction potentials ranging from –1.78 to –0.58 V vs. Fc+/Fc. Characterization of the conjugates includes X‐ray crystallography, electrochemistry, DFT calculations, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The extent of ZnII porphyrin fluorescence quenching correlates with the strength of the electron acceptor. Overall, we demonstrate the synthetic feasibility of rationally modulating the acceptor strength by means of the CA‐RE reaction in geometrically well‐defined electron donor–acceptor conjugates.