bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Adults and Unanticipated Hospital Admission within 30 Days of Ambulatory Surgery: An Analysis of 53,667 Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Authors: De Oliveira Gildasio S. , Holl Jane L. , Lindquist Lee Ann , Hackett Nicholas J. , Kim John Y. S. , McCarthy Robert J. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether age is independently associated with greater rate of unanticipated hospital admission within 30 days of ambulatory surgery.DesignRetrospective database study.SettingThe 2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Project data set.ParticipantsAll individuals with “outpatient” recorded as their status in the data set.MeasurementsThe primary outcome of interest was all‐cause hospital admission in the 30‐day period after surgery. Multivariate models were constructed to control for covariate bias. Assessment of interactions of terms in the final model was performed using a conditional tree analysis.ResultsThe final analysis included 53,667 ambulatory surgical cases. There were 1,370 (2.5%, 99% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4–2.7%) hospital admissions among the cases evaluated. After adjusting for potential confounders, age (<70 vs ≥70) was independently associated with hospital admission (odds ratio = 1.54, 99% CI = 1.29–1.84). A classification tree analysis of the cases without postoperative morbidity identified age (<60 vs ≥60) as an important decision point leading to greater likelihood of admission (P < .001) within 30 days after ambulatory surgery.ConclusionEven after adjusting for comorbidities, older adults are at greater risk of unanticipated hospital admission within 30 days of ambulatory surgery. Renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current cancer treatment, diabetes mellitus, and history of amputation or revascularization were also associated with greater likelihood of hospital admission. Interventions to improve transitions of care for older adults after ambulatory surgery are needed.
Incidence‐ Versus Prevalence‐Based Measures of Inappropriate Prescribing in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Lund Brian C. , Carrel Margaret , Gellad Walid F. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Kaboli Peter J. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo describe variations in potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) and characterize the extent to which switching to an incidence‐based indicator would affect health system quality rankings.DesignObservational study.SettingVeterans Health Administration in 2011.ParticipantsOlder adults receiving outpatient primary care.MeasurementsPIP was defined according to the National Committee for Quality Assurance High‐Risk Medications in the Elderly list. Ranks were separately assigned for prevalent and incident PIP at the regional, network, and healthcare system levels.ResultsNational PIP prevalence was 12.3% (167,766/1,360,251), and incidence was 5.8% (78,604/1,360,251). PIP prevalence ranged from 3.5% to 33.1% across healthcare systems (interquartile range (IQR) = 9.2–15.5%). PIP incidence ranged from 1.2% to 14.9% (IQR = 4.1–7.2%). Rank order in PIP prevalence and incidence was correlated (Spearman correlation; ρ = 0.934, P < .001), although substantial changes in ranks were seen for some healthcare systems, with seven of 139 (5.0%) systems shifting more than 30 rank positions and 21 (15.1%) systems shifting 16 to 30 positions.ConclusionPrevalence‐ and incidence‐based indicators of prescribing quality were strongly correlated. Transitioning to incidence‐based indicators would not produce an initial disruption in quality rankings for most healthcare systems and might yield more‐salient measures for tracking healthcare quality.
The Virtuous Fall
Authors: Dubois Danielle C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe medieval Church's concern with moral reform contributed to the emergence of a genre of literature in the thirteenth century dedicated to the vices and virtues. Inspired by monastic and scholastic traditions, treatises such as Laurent d'Orléans's Somme le roi encouraged the avoidance of sin and provided the faithful with a moral taxonomy that ultimately ensured their access to heaven. Marguerite Porete's Mirror of Simple Souls and Meister Eckhart's Discourses of Instruction challenge this virtue‐centered approach to salvation. Relying on their shared claim that the fall of the just man is in fact a virtue, this essay argues that their moral theology is grounded not on the a posteriori act of penance needed for salvation, but on the a priori consent of the will. This alternative view of moral life finds support in previous strands of the Christian tradition, and in particular in Peter Abelard's theory of intentionalism.
Environmental Modesty
Authors: Hartman Laura M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite this virtue's history as an instrument of women's oppression, modesty, at its most basic, means voluntary restraint of one's power, undertaken for the sake of others. It is a mechanism that modifies unequal power relationships and encourages greater compassion and fairness. I use a Christian perspective with influences from Jewish and Muslim sources to examine modesty. The modest person, I argue, must be in relationship with others, must be honestly aware of her impacts on others, must be sensitive to those impacts, compassionate toward others, and willing to hold back for others' sakes. Moreover, modesty is not only a virtue that pertains to sexuality and clothing, but it also can promote virtuous environmental behavior, particularly as it leads to awareness of, and sensitivity to, the effects of everyday behaviors on vulnerable others.
Rethinking the Comparative Study of Religious Ethics
Authors: Little David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis essay describes the author's change of approach to the comparative study of religious ethics from the one contained in a book on the subject (with Sumner B. Twiss), published in 1978. The change resulted from interactions with Abdulaziz Sachedina, the noted scholar of Islam, demonstrating the importance of comparing different ethical systems in reference to global topics like human rights, particularly the right to freedom of conscience.
Religious Ethics and the Environment
Authors: Pedersen Kusumita P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis essay discusses three recent books which each offer an integrative account of religious ethics and the environment. Religious environmental ethics is an area of inquiry within the larger field of religion and ecology. After a narrative that contextualizes the development of religious environmental ethics in relation to the environmental social movement, I describe the formation of the field including its focus on worldview, the “cosmological turn,” and its engagement with science, the “cosmic turn.” Elizabeth Johnson exemplifies the cosmic turn by developing a Christian theology of life in nature which explicitly accepts Darwin's theory of evolution. Willis Jenkins advocates a prophetic pragmatism and critiques a focus on worldview that is abstracted from practice and defers moral responsibility. Larry Rasmussen joins analysis of worldview with reflection on cross‐cultural resources for “anticipatory communities” of moral formation to catalyze change. I argue with Rasmussen that religious environmental ethics needs multiple approaches and should allow room for methodological pluralism.
PARETO OR LOG‐NORMAL? BEST FIT AND TRUNCATION IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALL CITIES*
Authors: Fazio Giorgio , Modica Marco 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn the literature, the distribution of city size is a controversial issue with two common contenders: the Pareto and the log‐normal. While the first is most accredited when the distribution is truncated above a certain threshold, the latter is usually considered a better representation for the untruncated distribution of all cities. In this paper, we reassess the empirical evidence on the best‐fitting distribution in relation to the truncation point issue. Specifically, we provide a comparison among four recently proposed approaches and alternative definitions of U.S. cities. Our results highlight the importance to look at issue of the best‐fitting distribution together with the truncation issue and provide guidance with respect to the existing tests of the truncation point.
Duo‐Trio Difference‐Preference Test with Two Replications: Use of Psychological Biases for Measuring Meaningful Preference
Authors: Kim Min‐A , Lee Hye‐Seong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new paradigm of the duo‐trio difference‐preference (DT‐Preference) test was developed as alternatives to the paired‐preference test with a no preference option, to correct the overestimation of preference responses. Triadic sample presentation in a preference test elicits odd sample bias, i.e., preferring the sample selected as the same as the reference. In the two replicated DT‐Preference test applied for fermented milk product testing using 208 consumers, this psychological bias in preference responses was apparent in the first test. This bias referred to as the tried first reference bias was eliminated by treating those responses that changed depending on which reference was presented as though no preference had been expressed, leading to more reliable sample preferences, meaningful to consumers. The perceptual discriminability in DT‐Preference tests was not decreased in comparison to the sole difference tests, while when the preferred sample was used as a reference, the discrimination increased.Practical ApplicationsConsumer acceptance mainly determines the sensory quality of products. Paired‐preference test with a no preference option is a broadly used sensory acceptance test method. Yet this preference test method suffers from preference bias caused by the order of sample presentation and/or hidden demand characteristic of the preference test. Such a psychological bias can generate preference responses toward either product presented in a pair for slight or no differences in sample preference, which is not meaningful for consumer behavior. The new paradigm of the duo‐trio difference‐preference test with a perceptual reference introduced in this article uses another type of psychological bias – odd sample bias – as a means to regulate such biased preferences expressed in a predictable manner. Using this approach, the validity and reliability of preference data analysis can be improved by finding more accurate response proportions of two‐way preference responses versus no preference responses.
Rifaximin vs. lactulose in treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Sidhu Sandeep S. , Goyal Omesh , Parker Richard A. , Kishore Harsh , Sood Ajit 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsLactulose and rifaximin have already been shown to improve both cognitive functions and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in MHE patients. We aimed to compare the efficacy of rifaximin with lactulose in reversal of MHE and improvement in HRQOL in cirrhotic patients with MHE.MethodThis prospective, randomized, open label, non‐inferiority trial, was conducted at the Gastroenterology department of a tertiary care institute in Northern India. MHE was diagnosed if any two of the five neuro‐psychometric (NP) tests were positive. HRQOL was assessed using the sickness impact profile (SIP) questionnaire (John Hopkins University, USA).ResultsOf 527 cirrhotics screened, 351 were found eligible and tested for MHE. A total of 112 (31.9%) patients were found to have MHE and then randomized into two groups group A (lactulose; 30–120 ml/day) and B (Tablet. rifaximin; 400 mg thrice a day). Based on the intention‐to‐treat population, the proportion of patients with MHE reversal at 3 months was 73.7% (42/57) in the rifaximin arm and 69.1% (38/55) in the lactulose arm [4.6% difference (90% CI −9.3% to 18.4%)]. However, non‐inferiority of rifaximin over lactulose could not be established as the pre‐specified non‐inferiority margin (−5%) lies within the two‐sided 90% confidence interval of the difference. HRQOL was significantly improved in both groups (P = 0.20). However, the proportion of patients with flatulence (P = 0.004) and diarrhoea (P = 0.0002) was significantly higher in patients who took lactulose.ConclusionNon‐inferiority of rifaximin over lactulose for MHE reversal was not established.
The role of fungal sensitisation in clinical presentation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Agarwal Kshitij , Gaur Shailendra Nath , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAtopic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrate more severe symptoms than their non‐atopic counterparts. Also, Aspergillus hypersensitivity is known in COPD. However, allergic sensitisation to non‐Aspergillus fungi has never been studied in COPD patients. To evaluate the prevalence of fungal sensitisation and its impact on the clinical presentation and outcome of COPD patients. Sensitisation to 17 fungi was studied in 55 COPD patients through skin prick tests, fungus‐specific IgE, precipitating antibodies, total IgE and eosinophil counts. The clinical symptoms of patients were monitored thorough a patient‐administered questionnaire. Overall, 5.4% (n = 3) of COPD patients were fungus sensitive. The sensitisation was noted to Alternaria alternata and Schizophyllum commune in two patients each, whereas another was sensitive to A. tamarii, Rhizopus spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus. Eosinophils were higher in fungus‐sensitised patients (P = 0.001 vs. 0.003). No differences were noted in the clinical presentation of patients sensitised to fungi compared to those not sensitised to fungi or non‐atopic. Although low, fungal sensitisation occurs in COPD but it is not limited to Aspergilli alone. Fungus‐sensitised patients exhibit greater eosinophilia, implying more severe inflammation. Thus, such patients should be followed up regularly to recognise clinical worsening or development of ABPM.
Faith, Reason and History in Early Modern Catholic Biblical Interpretation : Fr. Richard Simon and St. Thomas More
Authors: Morrow Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article contrasts St. Thomas More's theoretical work on the role of faith and history in biblical exegesis with that of Fr. Richard Simon. I argue that, although Simon's work appears to be a critique of his more skeptical contemporaries like Hobbes and Spinoza, in reality he is carrying their work forward. I argue that More's union of faith and reason, theology and history, is more promising than Simon's for Catholic theological biblical exegesis.
Identification of early environmental risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia
Authors: Koloski N. A. , Jones M. , Weltman M. , Kalantar J. , Bone C. , Gowryshankar A. , Walker M. M. , Talley N. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe role of childhood environment including exposure to infection via siblings and pets in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and dyspepsia is relatively unknown. We assessed proxy measures of microbial exposure in early childhood to assess if these are associated with IBS and functional dyspepsia in later life.MethodsParticipants (n = 767, response rate = 53%) were a random population sample from Sydney, Australia who previously responded to a validated survey. IBS and functional dyspepsia were defined using Rome III criteria. Early environmental risk factors assessed included type of birth delivery, premature birth, breastfeeding, bedroom sharing, and pet exposure (the latter two then combined as early hygiene factors) up to 5 years of age. Post infectious IBS (PI‐IBS) was assessed by development of IBS following gastroenteritis.Key ResultsIn this sample, in adult life 17% developed IBS (of which 20% had PI‐IBS) and 12% functional dyspepsia. Development of IBS was associated with childhood factors—a shorter duration of breastfeeding (odds ratios [OR] = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78–0.97, p = 0.01), sharing a bedroom (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.73–3.08, p = 0.01), exposure to a herbivore pet (OR = 1.65 (1.10, 2.48), p = 0.02), and hygiene factors (OR = 4.39; 95% CI: 1.89–10.21, p = 0.001). The sole factor associated with functional dyspepsia was exposure to a herbivore pet (1.79; 95% CI: 1.19–2.87, p = 0.02).Conclusions & InferencesChildhood environment factors, particularly bedroom sharing and pet exposure, combined with subsequent risk of microbial exposure are a risk factor for IBS in later life. These associations however need confirmation to rule out any risk of a type I error.
Conifer genomics and adaptation: at the crossroads of genetic diversity and genome function
Authors: Prunier Julien , Verta Jukka‐Pekka , MacKay John J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryConifers have been understudied at the genomic level despite their worldwide ecological and economic importance but the situation is rapidly changing with the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. With NGS, genomics research has simultaneously gained in speed, magnitude and scope. In just a few years, genomes of 20–24 gigabases have been sequenced for several conifers, with several others expected in the near future. Biological insights have resulted from recent sequencing initiatives as well as genetic mapping, gene expression profiling and gene discovery research over nearly two decades. We review the knowledge arising from conifer genomics research emphasizing genome evolution and the genomic basis of adaptation, and outline emerging questions and knowledge gaps. We discuss future directions in three areas with potential inputs from NGS technologies: the evolutionary impacts of adaptation in conifers based on the adaptation‐by‐speciation model; the contributions of genetic variability of gene expression in adaptation; and the development of a broader understanding of genetic diversity and its impacts on genome function. These research directions promise to sustain research aimed at addressing the emerging challenges of adaptation that face conifer trees.

Contents

Summary
44

I.
Introduction
44

II.
Why conifer genomics?
45

III.
Conifer genome structure and evolution
46

IV.
Genomics of adaptation in conifers
49

V.
Emerging research directions toward a more integrated understanding of genetic diversity and genome function
57

VI.
Conclusion
58

Acknowledgements
58

References
58
Local Administration of Methylcobalamin and Lidocaine for Acute Ophthalmic Herpetic Neuralgia: A Single‐Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xǔ Gang , Xu Site , Cheng Chao , Xú Gang , Tang Wei‐Zhen , Xu Jie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the therapeutic efficacy of combined methylcobalamin and lidocaine for acute ophthalmic herpetic neuralgia (AOHN).MethodsBased on the onset, patients with AOHN (n = 98) were randomly allocated into groups A (≤ 3 days) and B (4 to 7 days) and then subdivided into control (A0, B0; received intramuscular methylcobalamin in addition to local lidocaine injection) and treatment (A1, B1; received local injection of the methylcobalamin and lidocaine combination for 14 days) groups. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on rash healing time, alteration of pain intensity, and interference with quality of life. Multilevel modeling and survival analysis were performed.ResultsThe time (hours) to start and full opening of the affected eye and the time (hours) to start and full crusting were significantly reduced in both treatment groups (P < 0.05 vs. controls). The mean pain scores in A1 (2.6 ± 0.7) and B1 (1.2 ± 0.8) decreased significantly compared with those in A0 (7.0 ± 1.7) and B0 (5.6 ± 1.9), and the difference between the two therapeutic strategies significantly increased over time. The median minimum intervention time was 6 days in B1 and 11 days in A1. The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) was 2.04% at 3 months.ConclusionsMethylcobalamin combined with lidocaine mediated detumescence and improved cutaneous healing of the affected area, as well as a significant and sustained analgesic effect on AOHN. The incidence of PHN was also significantly decreased. Local methylcobalamin intervention within 4 to 7 days of onset may be an effective therapeutic option for AOHN.
Coping Card Usage can Further Reduce Suicide Reattempt in Suicide Attempter Case Management Within 3‐Month Intervention
Authors: Wang Ying‐Chuan , Hsieh Ling‐Yu , Wang Ming‐Yu , Chou Cheng‐Hsiang , Huang Min‐Wei , Ko Huei‐Chen 
Published: July 2015

This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of using crisis coping cards (n = 32) in the case management of suicide prevention compared with case management without the use of coping cards (n = 32) over a 3‐month intervention period. The generalized estimating equation was used to examine the interaction effect between treatments and time on suicide risk, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Results indicated that subsequent suicidal behaviors, severity of suicide risk, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness were reduced more in the coping card intervention group compared to the case management only group. Moreover, for the survival curves of time to suicide reattempt, the coping card group showed a significantly longer time to reattempt than the case management only group at 2‐month and 3‐month intervention periods.
Meta‐analysis of the human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism as a risk factor for preeclampsia
Authors: Pabalan N. , Jarjanazi H. , Sun C. , Iversen A. C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe non‐classical major histocompatibility complex, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G, plays an important role in pregnancy. HLA‐G mediates proper interaction between maternal immune cells and fetal trophoblasts invading the uterine wall, to ensure successful placental development and function. Several HLA‐G gene variants have been shown to be associated with development of preeclampsia (PE), but the reported associations of the HLA‐G 14 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs66554220) with PE are inconsistent. In this meta‐analysis of HLA‐G 14 bp I/D in each member of the family triad, we estimated risk (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval) of associations with PE based on nine published offspring, nine mother and three father case–control studies. No significant increased risk associations between PE and HLA‐G 14 bp I/D were detected in any of the family triad members (offspring: OR = 1.08–1.21, P = 0.57–0.74; mothers: OR = 1.11–1.28, P = 0.07–0.44; fathers: OR = 1.09–1.65, P = 0.07–0.70). Of the 20 comparisons performed, 14 (70%) were non‐heterogeneous and seven of these had zero heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Sensitivity treatment confirmed robustness for the overall lack of association for HLA‐G 14 bp I/D. In subgroup analysis, significant association between HLA‐G 14 bp I/D and PE was shown in offspring from primipara (OR = 1.66–1.95, P = 0.04) and European Caucasian pregnancies (OR = 1.37–2.03, P = 0.02–0.03). However, heterogeneity and sensitivity tests suggest that further investigation is needed to determine if HLA‐G 14 bp I/D is involved in trophoblast HLA‐G expression and PE development in these subgroups.