bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Long-Term Anti-Hypertensive β-Receptor-Blocking Treatment on Haemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to Prolonged Exercise in Man
Authors: Frisk-Holmberg M. , Juhlin-Dannfeldt A. , Jorfeldt L. , Åström H. 
Published: August 2015

1. Central and regional haemodynamics and leg metabolism at rest, during and after a prolonged exercise were studied in seven untreated hypertensive males before and after a long-term treatment (6 weeks) with an unselective β-receptor-blocking drug (alprenolol).
2. Alprenolol treatment (200–400 mg, twice daily) decreased arterial blood pressure at rest and during exercise; it reduced heart rate in relation to drug plasma concentrations during and after exercise; it left cardiac output unchanged; it reduced leg blood flow at rest, but had no effect on leg blood flow during exercise.
3. Alprenolol treatment also decreased lipolysis and lactate release in relation to drug plasma concentrations during exercise.
Evaluation of the Effect of Timolol Alone and in Combination with Hydrochlorothiazide and Amiloride in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Arterial Hypertension: A Double-Blind, Controlled Study
Authors: Muiesan G. , Magnani B. , Agabiti-Rosei E. , Alicandri C. , Ambrosioni E. , Miele N. 
Published: August 2015

1. The effects of timolol alone and in combination with a fixed dose of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride have been studied in a double-blind, controlled study in fifty-four patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
2. After a 4 weeks placebo period patients were randomly assigned to enter groups receiving timolol alone (group A), hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride (group B) or timolol + hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride (group C). Each treatment was carried out for 6 weeks.
3. The use of timolol (10 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) and amiloride (2·5 mg) in a combination tablet given twice daily gave better control of blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension than did equivalent dosages of timolol alone or of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride.
4. Clinical and laboratory side effects were minimal.
Clinical Trial of the β-Adrenoreceptor-Blocking Agent Tolamolol with the use of 24 Hour Blood Pressure Recordings
Authors: West M. J. , Sleight P. , Honour A. J. 
Published: August 2015

1. The average blood pressure over 24 h and its variability were measured in eight unrestricted subjects before and after commencing therapy with a new β-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent, tolamolol.
2. The drug caused a fall of 15±6 mmHg in mean arterial pressure and heart rate fell by 13 beats/min. The variation in blood pressure and heart rate over 24 h was unchanged after treatment.
A Cross-Over Study between Hydrallazine and Prazosin
Authors: Rasmussen K. , Jensen H. Æ. 
Published: August 2015

1. In a cross-over study between hydrallazine and prazosin in fifteen patients, also treated with the β-receptor-blocking agent propranolol, 1 mg of prazosin was found to be equipotent with 30 mg of hydrallazine.
2. All patients were known to tolerate hydrallazine. In one patient prazosin treatment was discontinued because of severe headache. In four patients minor, non-persistent initial side effects were found. These might have been avoided by using a smaller starting dose. One patient fainted on the second day of prazosin treatment, probably from a micturition syncope.
3. Prazosin may be used as an alternative to hydrallazine.
4. The final status of prazosin as an anti-hypertensive drug is uncertain.
Initial Treatment of the Young Hypertensive: Thiazide Diuretic or β-Adrenoreceptor-Blocking Agent in a Single Daily dose?
Authors: Gordon R. D. 
Published: August 2015

1. Nine men aged 20–33 years with essential hypertension measured their own blood pressure at home, lying and standing, three times daily, under conditions of everyday living. The last 14 days' readings (eighty-four observations) from control and treatment periods of at least 4 weeks’ duration were used to calculate mean pressures.
2. In eight patients, propranolol (40 mg thrice daily with meals) significantly lowered ‘mean blood pressure’ (diastolic + ⅓[systolic — diastolic]) but methyclothiazide (5 mg with breakfast) did not. In five subjects, prindolol (5 mg thrice daily with meals) significantly lowered ‘mean blood pressure’ but methyclothiazide (5 mg with breakfast) did not.
3. In six subjects there was no significant difference between ‘mean blood pressure’ when taking propranolol doses 120 mg with breakfast, 60 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal, and 40 mg with each meal. In five subjects there was no significant difference between ‘mean blood pressure’ when taking metoprolol 200 mg with breakfast and 100 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal. In four subjects there was no significant difference between ‘mean blood pressure’ when taking prindolol 30 mg with breakfast, 15 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal, and 10 mg with each meal.
4. In young males with essential hypertension, β-adrenoreceptor blockers were more effective than a thiazide diuretic in lowering blood pressure, and were effective in a single daily dose.
Relative Effectiveness of Chlorothiazide, Reserpine and Hydrallazine in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Freis E. D. , Ragan D. O. 
Published: August 2015

1. Previous studies in this laboratory indicated that a mixture of anti-hypertensive agents in the drinking water controlled the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The present study was designed to determine which of the agents exerted the greatest anti-hypertensive effect.
2. Treatment was begun at 12 weeks of age in groups of eleven to seventeen rats with one of the following drugs: reserpine, chlorothiazide or hydrallazine. Blood pressures were recorded by the tail method under light ether anaesthesia every 2 weeks until the rats were approximately 70 weeks of age.
3. At 50 weeks of age, blood pressure of chlorothiazaide-treated rats averaged 40 mmHg below untreated control SHR; reserpine-treated SHR were also 40 mmHg lower than control rats, and hydrallazine-treated SHR were 85 mmHg below the control rats.
4. Rats in all groups gained weight normally and appeared in good health. Although all drugs were active, hydrallazine was considerably more effective than chlorothiazide or reserpine in the SHR.
Effectiveness of Screening for Hypertension in Scotland
Authors: Hawthorne V. M. , Beevers D. G. , Gilmour H. , Stewart G. M. , Watt Helen 
Published: August 2015

1. Data from long-term follow-up of subjects screened for hypertension indicate that elevation of blood pressure represents a major contribution to community-attributable risk of death.
2. Attendance rates at screening, and dropout rates from follow-up, have been assessed in studies in Glasgow.
3. Screening and follow-up are probably best conducted from general practice, and should be regarded as an extension of good primary care.
Effect of Weight on Prevalence of Hypertension, and its Interaction with the arm Circumference: Belgian Hypertension Committee Epidemiological Study
Authors: Demanet J. C. , Rorive G. , Samii K. , Van Cauwenberge H. , Smets P. 
Published: August 2015

1. A first sample of a cross-section of the Belgian population was studied.
2. The presence of hypertension or borderline hypertension was established on the basis of two examinations at 1–3 weeks intervals, during which the blood pressure was measured four times after 10 min rest.
3. The prevalence of both hypertension and borderline hypertension increased with age in the two sexes and, independently of age, with the relative weight.
4. The probable effect of arm circumference in overestimation of blood pressure in heavy subjects was analysed by multivariate correlations. It was concluded that if the influence of arm circumference is excluded, the effect of relative weight on blood pressure is less marked but still present.
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Response to Isometric Exercise and Mental Arithmetic in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Nyberg G. 
Published: August 2015

1. Sustained hand-grip exercise and mental arithmetic were performed by normal and hypertensive subjects. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded with a device which allows blind and unbiased measurements, based on the conventional cuff method.
2. Both stimuli caused increases in heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which were greater for isometric exercise than for mental arithmetic.
3. Normal females had a greater response to repeated exercise, and had a smaller systolic pressure elevation during mental arithmetic than the other groups.
4. Repeated testing showed good reproducibility in normal subjects.
Oestrogen-Associated Disease of the Renal Microcirculation
Authors: Jones K. , Naish P. F. , Aber G. M. 
Published: August 2015

1. The effect of oestrogen-containing compounds on platelet factor 3, platelet life span, renal platelet localization and the fibrinolytic activity of forearm venous blood has been studied in eleven women with the renal vascular abnormalities of the loin pain and haematuria syndrome. The results were compared with those obtained in twenty-nine healthy female volunteer subjects.
2. Platelet factor 3 (PF3) availability was found to be increased in patients with the loin pain and haematuria syndrome during normal menstrual cycles. Oestrogens produced an increase in PF3 availability in both patients and control subjects.
3. Platelet life span was shortened and the index of renal platelet localization increased when patients with the loin pain and haematuria syndrome received oestrogens. No change in platelet kinetics was found in the healthy control subjects receiving oestrogens.
4. The fibrinolytic activity of forearm venous blood, both at rest and after venous occlusion, was increased in the healthy control subjects in response to oestrogens. No such response was seen in the patients with the loin pain and haematuria syndrome.
5. It is suggested that the change in platelet function may be causally related to the intra-renal vascular abnormalities.
6. The possible role of oestrogens in causing these disturbances or unmasking pre-existing abnormalities of platelet function or fibrinolysis is discussed.
Acid-Base and Respiratory Changes after Prolonged Exposure to 1% Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Pingree B. J. W. 
Published: August 2015

1. The acid-base and respiratory status of fifteen healthy male subjects living in an atmosphere of 1% CO2 in air was studied over the course of 44 days, during an operational patrol in a nuclear submarine.
2. Observations were made during a control period before exposure to CO2, at 4 day intervals during the patrol, and finally during the period after its completion. Samples of arterial blood from each subject were analysed for Pa,co2, pH and Po2 immediately after collection. Concurrently mixed expired Pco1 and Po2, together with minute volume and respiratory rate, were measured.
3. A mild uncompensated respiratory acidosis in which arterial pH was depressed by 0·02 pH unit was demonstrated throughout the period of exposure to CO2. This was associated with an acute rise in Pa,co2 of 0·14 kPa, accompanied by an increase in minute volume from 11·5 to 15 l/min. By mid-patrol minute ventilation had returned to control value and a further elevation in Pa,co2 of 0·31 kPa was detected together with a rise in plasma bicarbonate of almost 1 mmol/l.
4. On return to air after completion of the patrol, the acid-base changes appeared to be quickly reversed. Minute volume decreased slightly initially, but it too subsequently returned to the control value. A fall in Pa,o2 of about 2·5 kPa was recorded at this time, together with a reduction in forced vital capacity of 8%.
Epitaxial Relationships in Urolithiasis: The Brushite—Whewellite System
Authors: Meyer J. L. , Bergert J. H. , Smith L. H. 
Published: August 2015

1. Whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) crystals were found to induce epitaxially the heterogeneous nucleation of brushite (calcium monohydrogen phosphate dihydrate) from its metastable supersaturated solution in approximately one-quarter of the time required for spontaneous precipitation in the absence of added nucleating agents. Scanning electron-microscope observation of the crystalline phase showed brushite crystals originating from the whewellite seed crystals.
2. Crystal growth, upon nucleation, proceeded rapidly, and the metastable solutions quickly approached saturation.
3. Brushite crystals also induced the precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals in about one-quarter of the time required for spontaneous precipitation; however, the rate of crystal growth was considerably slower. In support of the chemical data, scanning electron micrographs showed few crystals of calcium oxalate nucleated on the surface of the brushite seed.
4. The results provide some insight into the cause of stones containing calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate (or both), which form in the normally acid environment of human urine.
The Course of Arterial Pressure and the Effect of Sarxd1-Thr8-Angiotensin II in a New Model of Two-Kidney Hypertension in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Masaki Z. , Ferrario C. M. , Bumpus F. M. , Bravo E. L. , Khosla M. C. 
Published: August 2015

1. We describe a new method of producing two-kidney hypertension in dogs by a two-step procedure with complete occlusion of a renal artery 2 weeks after it was partially constricted.
2. Control mean arterial pressure (96 ± 3 mmHg) of nine conscious, trained dogs rose to 107 ± 3 mmHg 2 weeks after partial constriction of a renal artery, and it stabilized at a sustained hypertensive plateau (124 ± 7 mmHg) 3 weeks after complete occlusion.
3. Intravenous infusion of an angiotensin II antagonist (Sar1-Thr8-angiotensin II) caused arterial pressure to fall during the acute but not the chronic phase of renal hypertension. In this latter phase plasma renin activity had returned to control values.
4. We conclude that the renin—angiotensin system appears not to be directly involved in the chronic phase of two-kidney hypertension in the dog.
Lysosomal Changes in Liver Tissue from Patients with the Dubin—Johnson—Sprinz Syndrome
Authors: Seymour Carol A. , Neale G. , Peters T. J. 
Published: August 2015

1. Clinical, morphological and biochemical data, including data obtained from the application of subcellular fractionation techniques to liver biopsy specimens, are presented for two patients with the Dubin-Johnson-Sprinz (DJS) syndrome.
2. Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrate that the lysosomes, which have strikingly reduced equilibrium densities, accumulate melanin. Morphological studies confirm the presence of pigments within lysosomes.
3. Although there are increased activities of lysosomal acid hydrolases in the liver tissue from patients with the DJS syndrome, the integrity of these organelles is essentially normal and therefore the accumulation of pigment would not be expected to initiate liver damage. The DJS syndrome is thus a benign type of secondary lysosomal storage disease.
Interaction of Mental Factors with Hypercapnic Ventilatory Drive in Man
Authors: Rigg J. R. A. , Inman E. M. , Saunders N. A. , Leeder S. R. , Jones N. L. 
Published: August 2015

1. The effect of mental arithmetic tasks on ventilation, breathing pattern, oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output was studied during air breathing and carbon dioxide rebreathing in healthy subjects.
2. Ventilation and breathing frequency increased significantly on performance of the task during 4 min air breathing and 4 min rebreathing; tidal volume was unchanged. The slopes of the ventilatory, frequency and tidal volume responses to carbon dioxide changed little during task performance.
3. During 15 min air breathing, oxygen intake was unchanged with task performance. Carbon dioxide output increased significantly with task performance, as a result of wash-out of carbon dioxide from body stores by the increased ventilation.
4. Mental arithmetic had no effect on the coefficients of variation of the slope and position variables of the ventilatory, frequency and tidal volume responses to carbon dioxide. It is concluded that task performance does not improve the reproducibility of these responses.
Oxygen Affinity in Vivo and in Vitro in Chronic Ventilatory Failure
Authors: Tweeddale P. M. , Leggett R. J. E. , Flenley D. C. 
Published: August 2015

1. The oxygen affinity in vitro, haematological indices, erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and plasma inorganic phosphate were determined in 20 patients with chronic ventilatory failure and in 20 healthy non-smokers of similar age.
2. No significant difference was observed between the mean oxygen affinity or phosphate concentrations of the patients and healthy subjects but the mean haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly higher in the patients.
3. There was a positive correlation between plasma and intraerythrocytic pH which was similar in both patients and healthy subjects.
4. The arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation in vivo (directly measured at cardiac catheterization) correlated closely with that calculated from the individual patient's oxygen affinity determined in vitro and arterial and mixed venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, suggesting that oxygen affinity in vitro accurately reflects the curve in vivo.
Non-Steady-State Studies of Low-Density-Liproprotein Turnover in Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Thompson G. R. , Spinks T. , Ranicar A. , Myant N. B. 
Published: August 2015

1. The non-steady-state turnover of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), labelled in its apoprotein moiety (apo-B) with 131I, was determined in four patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia, three of them homozygotes.
2. The fractional and absolute catabolic rates (FCR and ACR) of LDL-apo-B were determined by relating the excretion of radioactivity, measured in urine in vitro and by whole-body counter in vivo, to plasma radioactivity and to LDL specific radioactivity respectively.
3. The FCR remained relatively constant, even after marked reduction of LDL pool size by means of plasma exchange. This confirms the existence of an intrinsic defect in LDL catabolism in familial hypercholesterolaemia.
4. LDL-apo-B synthesis, determined by summing the ACR and the daily increment in plasma LDL, was much higher in the three homozygotes than in the one heterozygote, in whom the synthetic rate was normal.
5. These results illustrate the usefulness of combining plasma exchange and whole-body radioactivity counting as a means of examining the relationship between the turnover and pool size of a 131I-labelled protein, such as LDL.
Sodium Restriction and Inhibition of the Renin—Angiotensin System in Renovascular Hypertension in the Rat
Authors: Swales J. D. , Thurston H. 
Published: August 2015

1. In the early phase of hypertension produced by renal artery constriction with the opposite kidney intact, infusion of the angiotensin antagonist Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II or bilateral nephrectomy lowered blood pressure. However, the extent of the fall was variable and some animals remained hypertensive after each procedure.
2. To assess whether sodium retention was the additional factor which maintained blood pressure when the renin—angiotensin system was suppressed, rats were maintained on a low-salt diet before and during the development of hypertension. The blood pressure-lowering effect of bilateral nephrectomy or antagonist infusion was not enhanced.
3. Infusion of antagonist or converting-enzyme inhibitor 6 h after bilateral nephrectomy had only a minor blood pressure-lowering action, indicating that, at this late stage after nephrectomy, the renin—angiotensin system makes only a very small contribution to blood pressure maintenance.
A New Open-Circuit Method for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Tension in Mixed Venous Blood
Authors: Al-Dulymi Reiah , Hainsworth R. 
Published: August 2015

1. A new open-circuit respiratory method was developed to estimate mixed venous Pco2 more rapidly and accurately than is possible with rebreathing techniques.
2. The subject breathes a mixture of CO2 in air from an open circuit. Carbon dioxide is added to the air flowing through the circuit at a rate such that the Pco2 in the inspired and expired gases (recorded continuously with a CO2 analyser) are almost identical.
3. Results from respiratory and cardiac patients showed that equilibrium occurred in less than 10 s. There was good agreement between the tensions of CO2 in the respiratory plateaux and in mixed venous and arterial blood withdrawn during equilibrium.
4. During exercise, the tensions of CO2 of the plateaux and arterial blood at equilibrium also showed good agreement.
5. It is suggested that the new method represents an improvement over rebreathing methods as equilibrium is achieved rapidly before the mixed venous tension rises from recirculation.
Muscle Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Gertz Ingrid , Hedenstierna Göran , Hellers Göran , Wahren J. 
Published: August 2015

1. The concentration of metabolites in intercostal and quadriceps muscle, and pulmonary function, were studied in twelve patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and acute respiratory failure before, during and after standardized treatment at an intensive care unit. The findings were compared with those obtained in hospitalized patients of comparable age with non-pulmonary diseases.
2. On admission, when the patients had marked hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, the concentrations of ATP and creatine phosphate were low in both intercostal and quadriceps muscle, particularly the latter. The lactate concentration was increased in relation to control values but glycogen did not differ significantly.
3. In response to therapy, the Pa,co2 and the patient's acidosis decreased, the vital capacity increased and lung mechanics improved along with the clinical condition. At the same time there were significant increases in the concentrations of ATP, creatine phosphate and glycogen in intercostal and quadriceps muscles, to values similar to, and for glycogen in excess of, those found in control subjects. Lactate concentration fell significantly during treatment.
4. In view of the low initial muscle concentrations of ATP and creatine phosphate in the patients, it is suggested that dysfunction of the respiratory muscles may be an important component of respiratory failure. Moreover, the concentration of energy-rich compounds in muscle rose significantly as the patients responded to treatment, which emphasizes the importance of adequate nutritional therapy in this disorder.