bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombus in the left atrial septal pouch mimicking myxoma
Authors: Shimamoto Keiko , Kawagoe Takuji , Dai Kazuoki , Inoue Ichiro 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA 15 × 13 mm mobile ovoid mass attached via a 15 × 5 mm stalk to the interatrial septum in the left atrium was detected on transesophageal echocardiography and was diagnosed as a myxoma in a 70‐year‐old woman with chronic atrial fibrillation. She was prescribed anticoagulant therapy with warfarin before elective cardiac surgery and demonstrated no thromboembolic event during a 2.5‐month period. Preoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed the disappearance of the intracardiac mass and the presence of a left atrial septal pouch, suggesting that the initial image was a thrombus originating from the left atrial septal pouch. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:185–188, 2014
Delay discounting of monetary rewards over a wide range of amounts
Authors: Green Leonard , Myerson Joel , Oliveira Luís , Chang Seo Eun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe present study examined delay discounting of hypothetical monetary rewards over a wide range of amounts (from $20 to $10 million) in order to determine how reward amount affects the parameters of the hyperboloid discounting function and to compare fits of the hyperboloid model with fits of two discounting models used in neuroeconomics: the quasi‐hyperbolic and the double‐exponential. Of the three models assessed, the hyperboloid provided the best fit to the delay discounting data. The present delay discounting results may be compared to those of a previous study on probability discounting (Myerson, Green, & Morris, 2011) that used the same extended range of amounts. The hyperboloid function accurately described both types of discounting, but reward amount had opposite effects on the degree of discounting. Importantly, the amount of delayed reward affected the rate parameter of the hyperboloid discounting function but not its exponent, whereas the opposite was true for the amount of probabilistic reward. The finding that the exponent of the hyperboloid discounting function remains relatively constant across a wide range of delayed amounts provides strong support for a psychophysical scaling interpretation, and stands in stark contrast to the finding that the exponent of the hyperboloid function increases with the amount of probabilistic reward. Taken together, these findings argue that delay and probability discounting involve fundamentally different decision‐making mechanisms.
The effect of solar radio bursts on the GNSS radio occultation signals
Authors: Yue Xinan , Schreiner William S. , Kuo Ying‐Hwa , Zhao Biqiang , Wan Weixing , Ren Zhipeng , Liu Libo , Wei Yong , Lei Jiuhou , Solomon Stan , Rocken Christian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSolar radio burst (SRB) is the radio wave emission after a solar flare, covering a broad frequency range, originated from the Sun's atmosphere. During the SRB occurrence, some specific frequency radio wave could interfere with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and therefore disturb the received signals. In this study, the low Earth orbit‐ (LEO‐) based high‐resolution GNSS radio occultation (RO) signals from multiple satellites (COSMIC, CHAMP, GRACE, SAC‐C, Metop‐A, and TerraSAR‐X) processed in University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) were first used to evaluate the effect of SRB on the RO technique. The radio solar telescope network (RSTN) observed radio flux was used to represent SRB occurrence. An extreme case during 6 December 2006 and statistical analysis during April 2006 to September 2012 were studied. The LEO RO signals show frequent loss of lock (LOL), simultaneous decrease on L1 and L2 signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) globally during daytime, small‐scale perturbations of SNR, and decreased successful retrieval percentage (SRP) for both ionospheric and atmospheric occultations during SRB occurrence. A potential harmonic band interference was identified. Either decreased data volume or data quality will influence weather prediction, climate study, and space weather monitoring by using RO data during SRB time. Statistically, the SRP of ionospheric and atmospheric occultation retrieval shows ~4% and ~13% decrease, respectively, while the SNR of L1 and L2 show ~5.7% and ~11.7% decrease, respectively. A threshold value of ~1807 SFU of 1415 MHz frequency, which can result in observable GNSS SNR decrease, was derived based on our statistical analysis.
Decadal changes of Meiyu rainfall around 1991 and its relationship with two types of ENSO
Authors: Zhu Jian , Huang Dan‐Qing , Zhang Yao‐Cun , Huang An‐Ning , Kuang Xue‐Yuan , Huang Ying 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study investigates Meiyu (June‐July) rainfall from 1980 to 2000 over Yangtze‐Huaihe River valley (YHRV) and reveals a decadal change around 1991 with a seesaw‐like distribution. This decadal change is closely associated with negative phase of preceding winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Modoki (EM) in the pre‐1991 epoch and positive phase of conventional ENSO (CE) in the post‐1991 epoch. In response to negative EM (pre‐1991 epoch), the source of water vapor is western North Pacific, associated with the eastward retreat of western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the northward shift of East Asian westerly jet (EAWJ). On the other hand, in response to positive CE (post‐1991 epoch), water vapor generally comes from the South China Sea, associated with the enhancement and westward advance of the WPSH and southward shift of the EAWJ. Two possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the relationship between preceding winter sea surface temperature (SST) and Meiyu rainfall over YHRV in the two epochs. In the pre‐1991 epoch, due to enhanced precipitation, solar radiation decreases, resulting in SST cooling over western North Pacific in Meiyu period. An anomalous anticyclone associated with the SST cooling suppresses precipitation over northern part of YHRV. Meanwhile, an anomalous cyclone accompanied with the anticyclone locates over East China Sea and brings more precipitation to the southern part of YHRV. In the post‐1991 epoch, the persistent simultaneous warming in eastern equatorial Pacific and Indian Ocean leads to abundant moisture brought to southern China. Further analysis suggests that the two types of ENSO have asymmetric features with respect to the impact of their positive and negative phases on the seesaw‐like Meiyu rainfall, which is closely related with EM La Niña (CE El Niño) in the pre‐1991 epoch (post‐1991 epoch).
Selective reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases
Authors: Broccolo Francesco , Drago Francesco , Cassina Giulia , Fava Andrea , Fusetti Lisa , Matteoli Barbara , Ceccherini‐Nelli Luca , Sabbadini Maria Grazia , Lusso Paolo , Parodi Aurora , Malnati Mauro S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractViral infections have been associated with autoimmune connective tissue diseases. To evaluate whether active infection by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6, ‐7, ‐8, as well as parvovirus B19 (B19V) occur in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases, viral DNA loads were assessed in paired samples of serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 115 patients affected by different disorders, including systemic sclerosis, systemic, and discoid lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatomyositis. Two additional groups, patients affected by inflammatory diseases (n = 51) and healthy subjects (n = 58) were studied as controls. The titers of anti‐HHV‐6 and anti‐EBV antibodies were also evaluated. Cell‐free HHV‐6 serum viremia was detected in a significantly higher proportion of connective tissue diseases patients compared to controls (P < 0.0002); a significant association between HHV‐6 reactivation and the active disease state was found only for lupus erythematosus (P = 0.021). By contrast, the rate of cell‐free EBV viremia was similar in patients and controls groups. Cell‐free CMV, HHV‐8, and B19V viremia was not detected in any subject. Anti‐HHV‐6 and anti‐EBV early antigen IgG titers were both significantly higher in autoimmune diseases patients as compared to healthy controls, although they were not associated with the presence of viremia. EBV, HHV‐6, ‐7 prevalence and viral load in PBMCs of patients with connective tissue diseases and controls were similar. These data suggest that HHV‐6 may act as a pathogenic factor predisposing patients to the development of autoimmune connective tissue diseases or, conversely, that these disorders may predispose patients to HHV‐6 reactivation. J Med. Virol. 85:1925–1934, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in a Birth Cohort
Authors: Sande C.J. , Mutunga M.N. , Okiro E.A. , Medley G.F. , Cane P.A. , Nokes D.J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe kinetics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) neutralizing antibodies following birth, primary and secondary infections are poorly defined. The aims of the study were to measure and compare neutralizing antibody responses at different time points in a birth cohort followed‐up over three RSV epidemics. Rural Kenyan children, recruited at birth between 2002 and 2003, were monitored for RSV infection over three epidemic seasons. Cord and 3‐monthly sera, and acute and convalescent sera following RSV infection, were assayed in 28 children by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Relative to the neutralizing antibody titers of pre‐exposure control sera (1.8 log10 PRNT), antibody titers following primary infection were (i) no different in sera collected between 0 and 0.4 months post‐infection (1.9 log10 PRNT, P = 0.146), (ii) higher in sera collected between 0.5 and 0.9 (2.8 log10 PRNT, P < 0.0001), 1.0–1.9 (2.5 log10 PRNT, P < 0.0001), and 2.0–2.9 (2.3 log10 PRNT, P < 0.001) months post‐infection, and (iii) no different in sera collected at between 3.0 and 3.9 months post‐infection (2.0 log10 PRNT, P = 0.052). The early serum neutralizing response to secondary infection (3.02 log10 PRNT) was significantly greater than the early primary response (1.9 log10 PRNT, P < 0.0001). Variation in population‐level virus transmission corresponded with changes in the mean cohort‐level neutralizing titers. It is concluded that following primary RSV infection the neutralizing antibody response declines to pre‐infection levels rapidly (∼3 months) which may facilitate repeat infection. The kinetics of the aggregate levels of acquired antibody reflect seasonal RSV occurrence, age, and infection history. J Med. Virol. 85:2020–2025, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Underivatized amylose and cellulose as new stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Lehnert Petr , Douša Michal , Lemr Karel 
Published: August 2013

Two polysaccharide stationary phases have been newly suggested for application in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Both columns (amylose‐silica, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm and cellulose‐silica, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) demonstrated a satisfactory retention of polar compounds. The influence of the mobile‐phase composition (acetonitrile content, pH, salt concentration) on the retention was in agreement with the HILIC concept. The phases showed a very similar behavior, typical efficiency of about 50 000 plates/m, cellulose retained test compounds somewhat more strongly. Under the experimental conditions, electrostatic (non‐HILIC‐type) interactions due to the dissociation of silanol groups on the silica surface did not influence the retention, noticeably. The applicability of polysaccharide stationary phases for the chromatography of polar compounds was proven by the separation of mixtures of sugars (fructose, glucose, saccharose, maltose, trehalose) or vitamins (nicotinamide, pyridoxine, riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid).
Influence of β‐Cyclodextrin on the Free‐Radical Copolymerization of N‐(4‐Methylphenyl)maleimide with N‐Vinylpyrrolidone in Water
Authors: Schönenberg Lisa , Ritter Helmut 
Published: August 2013

Randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin (me‐β‐CD) is used to include the hydrophobic monomer N‐(4‐methylphenyl)maleimide (MPM) (1) yielding the corresponding water‐soluble host‐guest structure 1a. Free‐radical copolymerization of 1a with N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) (2) is performed and the reactivity ratios r1 and r2 are determined: 0.24 ± 0.03 (r2) and 1.10 ± 0.05 (r1a). This indicates a preferred incorporation of complexed maleimide into the copolymer chain. In contrast to that, the copolymerization of the uncomplexed monomers 1 and 2 is carried out using organic solvent (DMF/H2O) showing reactivity ratios corresponding to nearly alternating copolymerization (r2 = 0.09 ± 0.02; r1 = 0.34 ± 0.03).
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Biobased Copolymers Composed of l‐Lactic Acid and Side‐Chain‐Substituted Lactic Acids: Synthesis, Properties, and Solid‐State Structure
Authors: Marubayashi Hironori , Asai Shigeo , Hikima Takaaki , Takata Masaki , Iwata Tadahisa 
Published: August 2013

Various biobased copolyesters composed of l‐lactic acid (LLA) and side‐chain‐substituted lactic acids (SLAs) with high molecular weight and LLA‐rich composition are synthesized by direct solution polycondensation. Glycolic acid, 2‐hydroxyisobutyric acid, (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutanoic acid (LVOH), and (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylpentanoic acid (LLOH) are chosen as SLAs. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) reveal that the substituent size of the SLAs determines whether or not SLA units are included in crystallites of the LLA sequences. Unlike poly(l‐lactic acid), tensile necking is seen in the copolymers with 2 mol% LVOH and with 6 mol% LLOH. Enzymatic degradation is accelerated with increasing SLA content. Especially for 6 mol% LLOH, the SLA introduction improves both the mechanical properties and the enzymatic degradability.
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From Random Coil Polymers to Helical Structures Induced by Carbon Nanotubes and Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Huang Kai‐Wei , Wu Yu‐Rong , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Kuo Shiao‐Wei 
Published: August 2013

A simple method is reported for the preparation of double‐helical structures through a series of achiral random and block copolymers poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzyl triazolylmethyl methylthymine) (PS‐co‐PVBT) with various T units on the side chains through click reactions of poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzyl azide) (PS‐co‐PVBN3) with propargyl thymine (PT) and also the synthesis of the A‐appended pyrene derivative (A‐Py) through click chemistry. This double‐helical structure is observed from achiral random‐coil polystyrene (PS) main chains, stabilized through the combination of multiple A–T hydrogen bonds, and π–π stacking between pyrene units and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
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Analysis of pile subjected to torsion in multi‐layered soil
Authors: Misra A. , Saggu Rajni , Basu D. , Chakraborty T. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA new method of analysis of piles in multi‐layered elastic soil subjected to a torque at the head is developed. The differential equation governing the angle of twist in the pile is derived using the variational principles of mechanics. The method of initial parameters is used to obtain closed‐form solutions of the angle of twist and torque in the pile as a function of depth. The inputs required for the analysis are shear moduli of pile and soil, pile geometry and thickness of soil layers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Comparison Between Polycrystalline Thin‐film and Single‐crystal Solar Cells
Authors: Sites James R. , Liu Xiaoxiang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecent progress has increased the efficiency of poly crystalline thin‐film solar cells to roughly two‐thirds that of single‐crystal cells of comparable bandgap. The largest remaining difference is the excessive forward recombination current, which is larger by a factor of 20 for the best CuInSe2‐based cells, and by more than a factor of 100 for CdTe cells. Collection loss, related to diffusion length, is nearly as important for the CuInSe2‐based cells. It is an open question how much additional reduction in these two tosses should he anticipated. However, other losses in thin‐film cells due to window‐layer absorption, reflection and grid coverage will almost certainly be reduced, so that efficiencies equal to 80% of crystalline counterparts should be a viable 5‐year target.
Minority Carrier Collection Enhancement Model for the Deeply Grooved Solar Cell
Authors: Jackson Edward L. , Barnett Allen M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough many solar cell designs for low‐concentration linear focus applications have utilized the ‘prismatic cover’ for reducing gridline shadings the deeply grooved solar cell represents an effort to integrate the prismatic cover into the basic device design for performance enhancement. The design is based on deep (140‐μm) grooves in 〈100〉 orientation silicon, with an active‐area silicon ‘ridge’ between gridlines. The silicon ridge should improve minority carrier collection efficiency as compared to planar designs, due to the two‐dimensional nature of current collection, and the placement of light on the ridge by the focus of the prismatic cover. This article describes the enhancement mechanism by using a model based on the superposition of two specific solutions of the transport equation. The enhancement model is in support of the approximation that for one‐dimensional numerical modeling, the ‘effective’ diffusion length is the sum of the bulk silicon diffusion length and the height of the ridge. Data collected from prototype solar cells provide some experimental support for the model, but difficulty in fabrication using typical semiconductor processing has limited full realization of the structure.
Application of Static Concentrators to Photovoltaic Roof Tiles
Authors: Bowden S. , Wenham S. R. , Green M. A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn innovative three‐dimensional approach to static concentrators has keen developed that offers increased concentration ratios with slimmer designs than previous two‐dimensional static concentrator photovoltaic modules. Slimmer designs are essential for a practical static concentrator because they allow an economically viable implementation by using less material and by allowing incorporation into building structures such as roofing tiles. In this paper, the theoretical performance limits are discussed and a design is developed that achieves a concentration ratio of 3.6:1 while still capturing 90% of the annual irradiation without tracking the sun. The thermal performance of the static concentrator module is analysed to show that any efficiency loss due to cell heating is matched by the efficiency gain due to concentration. The efficiency of the module described is predicted to he greater than that of a conventional fiat plate module.
Event Report Sunrayce 95
Authors: Basore Paul A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThirty‐six university teams from Canada, Mexico and the United States raced their solar‐powered cars from Indiana to Colorado during June 1995. The event, called Sunrayce 95, is designed to provide a stimulating educational opportunity for students of science and engineering, while educating the public about the exciting prospect of environmentally clean photovoltaic energy. The race was the fastest and closest ever for a collegiate solar‐car event, with the winner decided by only 19 minutes and one team averaging over 80 kph for 1 day of the race.
Identification of small peptides inhibiting the integrase‐LEDGF/p75 interaction through targeting the cellular co‐factor
Authors: Cavalluzzo Claudia , Christ Frauke , Voet Arnout , Sharma Ajendra , Singh Brajendra Kumar , Zhang Kam Y.J. , Lescrinier Eveline , De Maeyer Marc , Debyser Zeger , Van der Eycken Erik 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe integration of the viral DNA into the host genome is one of the essential steps in the HIV replication cycle. This process is mediated by the viral enzyme integrase (IN) and lens epithelium‐derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75). LEDGF/p75 has been identified as a crucial cellular co‐factor of integration that acts by tethering IN to the cellular chromatin. Recently, circular peptides were identified that bind to the C‐terminal domain of IN and disrupt the interaction with LEDGF/p75. Starting from the circular peptides, we identified a short peptidic sequence able to inhibit the LEDGF/p75‐IN interaction at low μM concentration through its binding to the IN binding site of LEDGF/p75. This discovery can lead to the synthesis of peptidomimetics with high anti‐HIV activity targeting the cellular co‐factor LEDGF/p75 and not the viral protein IN. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust‐decentralized tracking control for a class of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Yu Yao , Sun Chang‐Yin , Jiao Zhuang 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYA new control design method based on signal compensation is proposed for a class of uncertain multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems in block‐triangular form with nonlinear uncertainties, unknown virtual control coefficients, strongly coupled interconnections, time‐varying delays, and external disturbances. By this method, the controller design is performed in a backstepping manner. At each step of backstepping procedure, a nominal virtual controller is first designed to get desired output tracking for the nominal disturbance‐free subsystem, and then a robust virtual compensator is designed to restrain the effect of the uncertainties, delays involved in the subsystem, and the couplings among the subsystems. The designed controller is linear and time‐invariant, so the explosion of complexity in the control law is avoid. It is proved that robust stability and robust practical tracking property of the closed‐loop system can be ensured, and the tracking errors can be made as small as desired. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Cretaceous sedimentation and orogeny on the active margin of Eurasia: Southern Central Pontides, Turkey
Authors: Okay Aral I. , Sunal Gürsel , Sherlock Sarah , Alt&#55349;&#56996;ner Demir , Tüysüz Okan , Kylander‐Clark Andrew R. C. , Aygül Mesut 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Pontides in northern Turkey constituted part of the southern active margin of Eurasia during the Mesozoic. In the Early Cretaceous, a large submarine turbidite fan covered most of the Central Pontides. New U‐Pb detrital zircon data imply that the major source of the turbidites was the East European Craton‐Scythian Platform in the north. This implies that there was no thoroughgoing Black Sea basin between the Pontides and the East European Craton during the Early Cretaceous. The Lower Cretaceous turbidites are bounded in the south by a large metamorphic area, the Central Pontide Supercomplex (CPS). New geological mapping, petrology, and U‐Pb zircon and Ar‐Ar muscovite ages indicate that the northern part of the CPS consists of Lower Cretaceous distal turbidites deformed and metamorphosed in a subduction zone in the Albian. The rest of the CPS is made of Middle Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous, and middle Cretaceous (Albian) metamorphic belts, each constituting distinct subduction‐accretion units. They represent episodes of collision of oceanic volcanic arcs and oceanic plateaus with the Eurasian margin and are marked in the stratigraphy of the hinterland by periods of uplift and erosion. The accretionary complexes are overlain by Upper Cretaceous (Turonian‐Santonian) volcano‐sedimentary sequences deposited in a fore‐arc setting. The detrital zircon data, middle Cretaceous (Albian) metamorphism, and widespread Albian uplift of the Black Sea region suggest that Early Cretaceous (Barremian‐Aptian) nonvolcanic rifting and Late Cretaceous (Turonian‐Santonian) opening of the Black Sea by the splitting of the arc are unrelated events.