bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Demographic, Social, and Environmental Factors on the Development of Steroid‐Responsive Meningitis‐Arteritis (SRMA) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rose J.H. , Kwiatkowska M. , Henderson E.R. , Granger N. , Murray J.K. , Harcourt‐Brown T.R. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundSteroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) is an inflammatory disease of dogs that is suspected to be immune‐mediated. The development of other immune‐mediated diseases has been linked to vaccinations, time of the year, geographic location, sex, neuter status, and breed.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo identify if the development of SRMA is associated with time of year, vaccination, geographic location, sex, neuter status, and breed.AnimalsSixty SRMA cases and 180 controls, all ≤24 months of age and matched for year of presentation, from a referral hospital population in the United Kingdom.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study with unconditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsBeagles (P = .001), Border Collies (P = .001), Boxers (P = .032), Jack Russell Terriers (P = .001), Weimaraners (P = .048), and Whippets (P < .001) had significantly greater odds of developing SRMA in this population of dogs. Vaccination, time of year, geographic category, sex, and neuter status did not increase the odds of developing SRMA.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOnly breed increased the odds of developing SRMA. It would be prudent to investigate the genetics of the identified breeds to help elucidate the etiopathogenesis of SRMA.
Climate‐driven range shifts explain the distribution of extant gene pools and predict future loss of unique lineages in a marine brown alga
Authors: Assis J. , Serrão E. A. , Claro B. , Perrin C. , Pearson G. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe climate‐driven dynamics of species ranges is a critical research question in evolutionary ecology. We ask whether present intraspecific diversity is determined by the imprint of past climate. This is an ongoing debate requiring interdisciplinary examination of population genetic pools and persistence patterns across global ranges. Previously, contrasting inferences and predictions have resulted from distinct genomic coverage and/or geographical information. We aim to describe and explain the causes of geographical contrasts in genetic diversity and their consequences for the future baseline of the global genetic pool, by comparing present geographical distribution of genetic diversity and differentiation with predictive species distribution modelling (SDM) during past extremes, present time and future climate scenarios for a brown alga, Fucus vesiculosus. SDM showed that both atmospheric and oceanic variables shape the global distribution of intertidal species, revealing regions of persistence, extinction and expansion during glacial and postglacial periods. These explained the distribution and structure of present genetic diversity, consisting of differentiated genetic pools with maximal diversity in areas of long‐term persistence. Most of the present species range comprises postglacial expansion zones and, in contrast to highly dispersive marine organisms, expansions involved only local fronts, leaving distinct genetic pools at rear edges. Besides unravelling a complex phylogeographical history and showing congruence between genetic diversity and persistent distribution zones, supporting the hypothesis of niche conservatism, range shifts and loss of unique genetic diversity at the rear edge were predicted for future climate scenarios, impoverishing the global gene pool.
Assessment of Urban Ecosystem Resilience through Hybrid Social–Physical Complex Networks
Authors: Cavallaro M. , Asprone D. , Latora V. , Manfredi G. , Nicosia V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOne of the most important tasks of urban and hazard planning is to mitigate the damages and minimize the costs of the recovery process after catastrophic events. In this context, the capability of urban systems and communities to recover from disasters is referred to as resilience. Despite the problem of resilience quantification having received a lot of attention, a mathematical definition of the resilience of an urban community, which takes into account the social aspects of an urban environment, has not yet been identified. In this article, we provide and test a methodology for the assessment of urban resilience to catastrophic events which aims at bridging the gap between the engineering and the ecosystem approaches to resilience. We propose to model an urban system by means of different hybrid social–physical complex networks, obtained by enriching the urban street network with additional information about the social and physical constituents of a city, namely citizens, residential buildings, and services. Then, we introduce a class of efficiency measures on these hybrid networks, inspired by the definition of global efficiency given in complex network theory, and we show that these measures can be effectively used to quantify the resilience of an urban system, by comparing their respective values before and after a catastrophic event and during the reconstruction process. As a case study, we consider simulated earthquakes in the city of Acerra, Italy, and we use these efficiency measures to compare the ability of different reconstruction strategies in restoring the original performance of the urban system.
Diet composition and seasonal feeding patterns of a freshwater ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis)
Authors: Auttila Miina , Sinisalo Tuula , Valtonen Mia , Niemi Marja , Viljanen Markku , Kurkilahti Mika , Kunnasranta Mervi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) is one of the few freshwater seal populations worldwide. The major conservation issue of this critically endangered population is bycatch mortality. We used digestive tract content and stable isotopes (δ13C andδ15N) to estimate the diet and seasonal feeding patterns for gaining better understanding of the seals feeding habits and potential conservation implications. The diet was similar across age groups. Altogether 15 fish species were identified and the most important were smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), ruff (Gymnocephalus cernuus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), vendace (Coregonus albula) and cyprinids. The highδ15N values suggested that the seals lose weight during winter and spring. Additionally the drop inδ15N values indicated that pups start to recover from postweaning stress and gain weight around the age of 6 mo. The isotope values differed regionally, which emphasizes that samples from consumers and prey should be collected from the same regions to improve interpretation of the stable isotopic results. Overall, diet composition suggests minimal to nonexistent competition with commercial or recreational fishing. However, observed weight loss of pups during summer may be related to higher risk of bycatch and this should be taken into account when planning temporal fishing closures.
What does Variation in Survey Design Reveal about the Nature of Measurement Errors in Household Consumption?
Authors: Gibson John , Beegle Kathleen , De Weerdt Joachim , Friedman Jed 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe randomly assigned eight different consumption surveys to obtain evidence on the nature of measurement errors in estimates of household consumption. Regressions using data from more error‐prone designs are compared with results from a ‘gold standard’ survey. Measurement errors appear to have a mean‐reverting negative correlation with true consumption, especially for food and especially for rural households.
Does the Golem Feel Pain? Moral Instincts and Ethical Dilemmas Concerning Suffering and the Brain
Authors: Devor Marshall , Rappaport Isabelle , Rappaport Z. Harry 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPain has variously been used as a means of punishment, extracting information, or testing commitment, as a tool for education and social control, as a commodity for sacrifice, and as a draw for sport and entertainment. Attitudes concerning these uses have undergone major changes in the modern era. Normative convictions on what is right and wrong are generally attributed to religious tradition or to secular‐humanist reasoning. Here, we elaborate the perspective that ethical choices concerning pain have much earlier roots that are based on instincts and brain‐seated empathetic responses. They are fundamentally a function of brain circuitry shaped by processes of Darwinian evolution. Social convention and other environmental influences, with their idiosyncrasies, are a more recent, ever‐changing overlay. We close with an example in which details on the neurobiology of pain processing, specifically the question of where in the brain the experience of pain is generated, affect decision making in end‐of‐life situations. By separating innate biological substrates from culturally imposed attitudes (memes), we may arrive at a more reasoned approach to a morality of pain prevention.
Exploring the Relationship of Three Medical Entitlement Beliefs and Psychiatric/Psychological Variables for Acute and Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Fishbain David A. , Bruns Daniel , Meyer Laura J. , Lewis John E. , Gao Jinrun , Disorbio John Mark 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe belief in medical care entitlement has recently resulted in major changes in the medical system in the United States. The objectives of this study were the following: to compare endorsement of three medical entitlement beliefs (I deserve the best medical care no matter what the cost [BMC], I am entitled to all of the medical care I want at no charge [NC], I shouldn't have to wait to see my doctors [W]) in community nonpatients without pain (CNPWP), acute pain patients (APPs), and chronic pain patients (CPPs) and to develop predictor models for these beliefs in APPs and CPPs.DesignCNPWP, APPs, and CPPs were compared statistically for frequency of endorsement of each belief. All available variables were utilized in logistic regression models to predict each belief in APPs and CPPs. Those affirming/nonaffirming each belief were compared by t‐test for affirmation of narcissism, dependency, and antisocial practices on three scales from established inventories.ResultsCPPs were significantly more likely than APPs to endorse BMC. No other comparisons were significant. The logistic regression models identified variables that related to narcissism, anger, doctor dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety, which entered the models for both APPs and CPPs for some beliefs. Those APPs and CPPs who affirmed the beliefs of NC and W were more likely than their counterparts to affirm antisocial practices, but not narcissism or dependency.ConclusionsPatient medical entitlement beliefs may be related to some psychiatric/psychological issues.
Validation of the Short Form of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI‐SF) in Spanish Patients with Non‐Cancer‐Related Pain
Authors: de Andrés Ares Javier , Cruces Prado Luis Miguel , Canos Verdecho María Angeles , Penide Villanueva Lucía , del Valle Hoyos Marta , Herdman Michael , Traseira Lugilde Susana , Velázquez Rivera Ignacio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a widely used pain measurement tool. There are 2 versions, the BPI Long Form (BPI‐LF) and Short Form (BPI‐SF), which share 2 core scales measuring pain severity and pain interference but which use different recall periods (24 hours vs. 1 week). To date, the BPI‐SF has not been validated for use in Spain. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the BPI‐SF Spanish version and compared results on the core scales between BPI‐LF and BPI‐SF. The data came from a 3‐month observational study of 3,029 nononcologic patients managed in Spanish pain units. The BPI‐SF's reliability, validity, and responsiveness were assessed. The effect of different recall periods was investigated by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to determine the strength of correlation between BPI‐LF and BPI‐SF. The BPI‐SF showed good reliability, with Cronbach's alphas of 0.931 for the severity and interference scales, which also discriminated well between patients reporting different levels of quality of life on EuroQol‐5D dimensions (between group effect sizes [ESs] over 0.8). Substantial improvements were seen on both subscales after 3 months of treatment (ES of 1.76 for pain severity and 1.51 for pain interference). Recall period did not noticeably affect scores; ICCs (95% CI) between the long and short versions were 0.946 (0.938 to 0.954) and 0.929 (0.919 to 0.939) for the severity and interference subscales, respectively. The Spanish version of the BPI‐SF is a valid and reliable instrument to measure pain severity and interference.
Duration between onset and diagnosis in central nervous system tumors: Impact on prognosis and functional outcome
Authors: Fukuoka Kohei , Yanagisawa Takaaki , Suzuki Tomonari , Shirahata Mitsuaki , Adachi Jun‐ichi , Mishima Kazuhiko , Fujimaki Takamitsu , Matsutani Masao , Nishikawa Ryo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe initial presentation of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children frequently mimics other more common and less serious conditions, resulting in diagnostic difficulty and a prolonged time to diagnosis. Yet whether early diagnosis contributes to better life prognosis and functional outcome has not been elucidated. Only a few such reports have originated from Japan, where neuroimaging techniques are the best in the world. We examined the time to diagnosis, the so‐called prediagnostic symptomatic interval (PSI), and its impact on prognosis and functional outcome in children with CNS tumors.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 127 patients aged <15 years with CNS tumors, who were treated at our two institutions between November 1993 and October 2011.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 7.2 years (range, 3 weeks–14.9 years). The male‐to‐female ratio was 63:64. Median PSI was 1.5 months (0–36 months). Overall survival and progression‐free survival did not differ significantly between the groups, regardless of whether the PSI was longer than the median PSI. The PSI was significantly longer in patients with long‐lasting clinical signs after the initial treatment than in patients with temporary symptoms only at onset. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that high histological grading was statistically correlated with short PSI.ConclusionsA short PSI was significantly associated with high‐grade tumors. Earlier diagnosis did not lead to better life prognosis, but possibly to better functional outcome in children with CNS tumors.
Therapeutic Effects of Full Spectrum Light on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis‐like Lesions in NC/Nga Mice
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Rin , Mun Seog Kyun , Oh Chang Taek , Hong Hyuckki , Choi Yeon Shik , Kim Bong‐Jun , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFull spectrum light (FSL) includes UVA, visible light and infrared light. Many studies have investigated the application of FSL in severe cases of atopic dermatitis (AD) in humans; however, FSL has not yet been studied in an animal model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of FSL on AD‐like skin lesions using NC/Nga mice, with the aim of mitigating itching and attenuating the expression of adhesion molecules. We examined the effects of FSL on mite allergen‐treated NC/Nga mice by assessing skin symptom severity, ear thickness, serum IgE levels, and the cytokine expression. We examined the histology of lesions using hematoxylin–eosin, toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining. Our findings suggest that FSL phototherapy exerts positive therapeutic effects on Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)‐induced AD‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by reducing IgE levels, thus promoting recovery of the skin barrier. The mechanisms by which FSL phototherapy exerts its effects may also involve the inhibition of scratching behavior, reduction of IL‐6 levels and reductions in adhesion molecule expression. The present study indicates that FSL phototherapy inhibits the development of AD in NC/Nga mice by suppressing cytokine, chemokine and adhesion molecule expression, and thus, could potentially be useful in treating AD.
Emotion Talk and Friend Responses Among Early Adolescent Same‐sex Friend Dyads
Authors: Legerski John‐Paul , Biggs Bridget K. , Greenhoot Andrea Follmer , Sampilo Marilyn L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo better understand early adolescent emotion talk within close same‐sex friendships, this observational study examined emotion talk, as measured by emotion term use, in relation to friend supportive and dismissive responses to such terms among 116 adolescents (58 friend dyads) in Grades 7–8 (56.9% female, M = 13.08, SD = .61). Partial intra‐class correlation coefficients derived by using actor partner interdependence models revealed similarities in the frequency of dyad mates use of positive and negative emotions terms. Chi‐square analyses indicated that when friends responded to participants' emotion talk supportively, rather than dismissively, participants were more likely to disclose emotions in subsequent utterances. Research and clinical implications for early adolescent emotional development are discussed.
Adolescent Migration Intentions and Population Change: A 20‐Year Follow‐Up of Icelandic Communities
Authors: Bjarnason Thoroddur 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated that migration intentions are a moderate to strong predictor of individual‐level migration across a wide range of countries, but their value for predicting community‐level population change remains unclear. Analyses of census data 1972–2012 and a population survey of Icelandic adolescents in 1992 show that each percentage point difference in adolescent migration intentions is associated with 1.36 per cent change in the surveyed cohort and 1.25 per cent change in the total population over a 20‐year period. Roughly half of the predictive value of migration intentions can be attributed to remoteness and long‐term population change prior to the survey. On average, communities only experienced long‐term population decline when more than half the adolescent population had intended to leave, but lower levels of adolescent migration intentions are associated with changes in the age composition. These results strongly suggest that adolescent migration intentions signal future population development.
Socio‐economic determinants and inequities in coverage and timeliness of early childhood immunisation in rural Ghana
Authors: Gram Lu , Soremekun Seyi , ten Asbroek Augustinus , Manu Alexander , O'Leary Maureen , Hill Zelee , Danso Samuel , Amenga‐Etego Seeba , Owusu‐Agyei Seth , Kirkwood Betty R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the extent of socio‐economic inequity in coverage and timeliness of key childhood immunisations in Ghana.MethodsSecondary analysis of vaccination card data collected from babies born between January 2008 and January 2010 who were registered in the surveillance system supporting the ObaapaVita and Newhints Trials was carried out. 20 251 babies had 6 weeks' follow‐up, 16 652 had 26 weeks' follow‐up, and 5568 had 1 year's follow‐up. We performed a descriptive analysis of coverage and timeliness of vaccinations by indicators for urban/rural status, wealth and educational attainment. The association of coverage with socio‐economic indicators was tested using a chi‐square‐test and the association with timeliness using Cox regression.ResultsOverall coverage at 1 year of age was high (>95%) for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), all three pentavalent diphtheria‐pertussis‐tetanus‐haemophilus influenzae B‐hepatitis B (DPTHH) doses and all polio doses except polio at birth (63%). Coverage against measles and yellow fever was 85%. Median delay for BCG was 1.7 weeks. For polio at birth, the median delay was 5 days; all other vaccine doses had median delays of 2–4 weeks. We found substantial health inequity across all socio‐economic indicators for all vaccines in terms of timeliness, but not coverage at 1 year. For example, for the last DPTHH dose, the proportion of children delayed more than 8 weeks were 27% for urban children and 31% for rural children (P < 0.001), 21% in the wealthiest quintile and 41% in the poorest quintile (P < 0.001), and 9% in the most educated group and 39% in the least educated group (P < 0.001). However, 1‐year coverage of the same dose remained above 90% for all levels of all socio‐economic indicators.ConclusionsGhana has substantial health inequity across urban/rural, socio‐economic and educational divides. While overall coverage was high, most vaccines suffered from poor timeliness. We suggest that countries achieving high coverage should include timeliness indicators in their surveillance systems.
Visual outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in horses: 1990–2013
Authors: Brooks Dennis E. , Plummer Caryn E. , Carastro Susan M. , Utter Mary E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term visual outcome of phacoemulsification lens extraction surgery in foals and horses and identify any unique postoperative complications that affect the visual outcome.ProcedureThis is a retrospective medical records study of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in 95 foals and horses from 1990 to 2013.ResultsCataracts were removed by phacoemulsification from 111 eyes of 95 horses ranging in age from 22 days to 26 years (average 8.0 ± 5.7 years). Forty‐four of the 95 animals were foals (46.3%). Sixteen horses or foals had surgery bilaterally. One hundred and two eyes were blind preoperatively with 97 eyes (95.1%) having evidence of vision immediately postoperatively. Ninety of the 95 horses (94.7%) regained vision in the immediate postoperative period. Five horses did not recover vision postoperatively. Twenty‐four horses had cataracts associated with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). Trauma was noted as the cause of cataract in 10 horses, and no specific cause for the cataract identified in 61 horses. The combined visual outcome data from horses with all types of cataracts (n = 95) found 83 (87.3%) horses to be visual ≤1 month postoperatively, 47 (49.4%) horses visual for >1–6 months postoperatively, 33 (34.7%) horses visual from >6 to 12 months postoperatively, and 25 horses (26.3%) visual >24 months postoperatively.ConclusionThe results of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in horses indicate at least 26.3% of horses are still visual and able to continue their natural activity for 2 years or more postoperatively.
Method madness
Authors: Decker-Maurer Heidi 
Published: April 2014

This case study was created to analyze the methodology and procedures used during a pilot study on mobile usability and preferences conducted at a small Midwestern state college. The pilot study set forth to test features of the pre-redesign University of Wisconsin-Stout website as seen through the screen of a mobile device and then ascertain what students wanted to see in a redesigned version of the mobile interface.
The findings of the pilot study were less surprising to the researcher than the problems encountered during the research itself. Future researchers would be well advised to attend to passing trends in mobile technology, as well as avoiding limitations on sample size caused by choice of delivery method and choice of user pool.