bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilational Properties of an Anionic Gemini Surfactant with a Hydrophobic Spacer
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Lu , Zhang Wen‐Qian , Zhao Sui 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe dilational properties of the anionic gemini surfactant, ethanediyl‐1,2‐bis(sodium N‐decanoyl‐β‐alaninate), and the comparable conventional surfactant were investigated via the oscillation barrier technique. The oscillation frequency was varied between 0.0033 and 0.1 Hz. The dilational moduli of the gemini surfactant at low surfactant concentration show less dependence on the frequency at the air/water interface compared with the decane/water interface. The interface layer is basically elastic. The dilational moduli at the air/water interface are remarkably higher than those at the decane/water interface. The dilational moduli of the gemini surfactant show two maxima with increasing concentration, originating from the reorientation and compression of the surfactant molecules adsorbed at the interfaces. A possible schematic diagram of the adsorption of the gemini surfactant at the air/water and decane/water interfaces is proposed.
Walking, orthoses and physical effort in a Swedish population with arthrogryposis
Authors: Eriksson Marie , Villard Li , Bartonek Åsa 
Published: June 2014

Purpose Excessive movements during walking have been observed by gait analysis in children with arthrogryposis (AMC) using orthoses compared to children using only shoes. The aim of this study was to evaluate energy expenditure and functional exercise capacity in children with AMC. Methods Twenty-four children with AMC and 25 typically developing (TD) children underwent oxygen measurement and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Children were divided into AMC1 using knee–ankle–foot orthoses with locked knee joints (KAFO-LK); AMC2 KAFOs with open knee joints (KAFO-O) or ankle–foot orthoses (AFO); and AMC3 using shoes. Results The net non-dimensional oxygen cost (NNcost) was lower in TD (0.308) than in AMC2 (0.455, n = 10) ( p = 0.002). There were no differences in the net non-dimensional consumption (NNconsumption) or normalised walking velocity. The lowest NNconsumption (0.082), NNcost (0.385) and normalised walking velocity (0.214) were found in AMC1 ( n = 3), but no statistical calculation was performed. In the 6MWT, both AMC2 (402.7, n = 11) and AMC3 (476.8, n = 10) walked shorter distances (m) than TD (565.1) ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.043, respectively). AMC2 (0.435) had lower normalised walking velocity than TD (0.564) ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Children with AMC using open KAFOs or AFOs (AMC2) had higher energy effort represented by significantly higher NNcost than TD, whereas AMC children requiring only shoes (AMC3) did not differ significantly from TD. To maintain the NNconsumption at an acceptable level, children using locked KAFOs (AMC1) slowed down their walking velocity. Compared to TD, the exercise capacity was lower in children with AMC using open KAFOs or AFOs and shoes, represented by lower walking velocity and shorter distance walked during the 6MWT.
The Schooling of Offspring and the Survival of Parents
Authors: Friedman Esther M. , Mare Robert D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractContemporary stratification research on developed societies usually views the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage as a one-way effect from parent to child. However, parents’ investment in their offspring’s schooling may yield significant returns for parents themselves in later life. For instance, well-educated offspring have greater knowledge of health and technology to share with their parents and more financial means to provide for them than do their less-educated counterparts. We use data from the 1992–2006 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine whether adult offspring’s educational attainments are associated with parents’ survival in the United States. We show that adult offspring’s educational attainments have independent effects on their parents’ mortality, even after controlling for parents’ own socioeconomic resources. This relationship is more pronounced for deaths that are linked to behavioral factors: most notably, chronic lower respiratory disease and lung cancer. Furthermore, at least part of the association between offspring’s schooling and parents’ survival may be explained by parents’ health behaviors, including smoking and physical activity. These findings suggest that one way to influence the health of the elderly is through their offspring. To harness the full value of schooling for health, then, a family and multigenerational perspective is needed.
Prisoner of war status, posttraumatic stress disorder, and dementia in older veterans
Authors: Meziab Omar , Kirby Katharine A. , Williams Brie , Yaffe Kristine , Byers Amy L. , Barnes Deborah E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt is not known whether prisoners of war (POWs) are more likely to develop dementia independently of the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in 182,879 U.S. veterans age 55 years and older, and examined associations between POW status and PTSD at baseline (October 1, 2000–September 30, 2003), and incident dementia during follow‐up (October 1, 2003–September 30, 2012).ResultsA total of 484 veterans (0.3%) reported being POWs, of whom 150 (31.0%) also had PTSD. After adjusting for demographics, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, period of service, and the competing risk of death, the risk of dementia was increased in veterans who were POWs only (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–1.98) or had PTSD only (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.41–1.64) and was greatest in veterans who were POWs and also had PTSD (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.72–2.92).ConclusionsPOW status and PTSD increase risk of dementia in an independent, additive manner in older veterans.
Depression and dementias among military veterans
Authors: Byers Amy L. , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDepression is very common throughout the course of veterans' lives, and dementia is common in late life. Previous studies suggest an association between depression and dementia in military veterans. The most likely biologic mechanisms that may link depression and dementia among military veterans include vascular disease, changes in glucocorticoid steroids and hippocampal atrophy, deposition of β‐amyloid plaques, inflammatory changes, and alterations of nerve growth factors. In addition, military veterans often have depression comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury. Therefore, in military veterans, these hypothesized biologic pathways going from depression to dementia are more than likely influenced by trauma‐related processes. Treatment strategies for depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, or traumatic brain injury could alter these pathways and as a result decrease the risk for dementia. Given the projected increase of dementia, as well as the projected increase in the older segment of the veteran population, in the future, it is critically important that we understand whether treatment for depression alone or combined with other regimens improves cognition. In this review, we summarize the principal mechanisms of this relationship and discuss treatment implications in military veterans.
The critical need for defining preclinical biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fiandaca Massimo S. , Mapstone Mark E. , Cheema Amrita K. , Federoff Howard J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe increasing number of afflicted individuals with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses significant emotional and financial burden on the world's population. Therapeutics designed to treat symptoms or alter the disease course have failed to make an impact, despite substantial investments by governments, pharmaceutical industry, and private donors. These failures in treatment efficacy have led many to believe that symptomatic disease, including both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, may be refractory to therapeutic intervention. The recent focus on biomarkers for defining the preclinical state of MCI/AD is in the hope of defining a therapeutic window in which the neural substrate remains responsive to treatment. The ability of biomarkers to adequately define the at‐risk state may ultimately allow novel or repurposed therapeutic agents to finally achieve the disease‐modifying status for AD. In this review, we examine current preclinical AD biomarkers and suggest how to generalize their use going forward.
The vorticity versus the scalar criterion for the detection of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface
Authors: Gampert Markus , Boschung Jonas , Hennig Fabian , Gauding Michael , Peters Norbert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBased on a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a temporally evolving mixing layer, we present a detailed study of the turbulent/non-turbulent (T/NT) interface that is defined using the two most common procedures in the literature, namely either a vorticity or a scalar criterion. The different detection approaches are examined qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of the interface position, conditional statistics and orientation of streamlines and vortex lines at the interface. Computing the probability density function (p.d.f.) of the mean location of the T/NT interface from vorticity and scalar allows a detailed comparison of the two methods, where we observe a very good agreement. Furthermore, conditional mean profiles of various quantities are evaluated. In particular, the position p.d.f.s for both criteria coincide and are found to follow a Gaussian distribution. The terms of the governing equations for vorticity and passive scalar are conditioned on the distance to the interface and analysed. At the interface, vortex stretching is negligible and the displacement of the vorticity interface is found to be determined by diffusion, analogous to the scalar interface. In addition, the orientation of vortex lines at the vorticity and the scalar based T/NT interface are analyzed. For both interfaces, vorticity lines are perpendicular to the normal vector of the interface, i.e. parallel to the interface isosurface.
How does the milk removal method affect teat tissue and teat recovery in dairy ewes?
Authors: Alejandro Manuel , Roca Amparo , Romero Gema , Díaz Jose Ramon 
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was to study how machine milking (MM) carried out in suitable conditions affects teat wall thickness and teat canal length and their return after milking to pre-milking conditions, in comparison with other milk extraction methods considered biological referents: lamb suckling (LS), milk removal by catheter (RC) and hand milking (HM). Three Latin square experiments were designed, using 11 ewes in the first experiment (LS), 13 in the second (RC) and 12 in the third (HM). Each of the Latin squares was divided into two periods: in the first, the left gland of each animal was machine milked and the corresponding treatment (LS, RC and HM) was applied to the right gland. Subsequently, in the second period the extraction methods were interchanged. During the experimental period, 4 sampling days were carried out (2 in each experimental period), where ultrasound scans were taken before (B) and immediately after milking (A) and at 1 (1 h), 2 (2 h), 3 (3 h), 4 (4 h), 6 (6 h), 8 (8 h) and 10 (10 h) hours after milking finished. Teat wall thickness (TWT), teat wall area (TWA), teat end area (TEWA) and teat canal length (TCL) were measured in all the ultrasound images. MM increased TWT after milking compared with RC. TWT, TWA, TEWA and TCL were lower (P<0·05) in HM than in MM. No significant differences (P>0·05) were found between LS and MM for any variable. The extraction method affected the recovery time of the variables, with total teat recovery at 6 h after RC and 4 h after HM. In the case of LS, the TEWA and TCL values were recovered sooner, as of 3 h. Teat recovery time after MM was similar to the extraction method with which it was compared in each experiment. Thus, considering the similar increase in wall thickness and their recovery time compared with the reference methods, it was concluded that machine milking, carried out in optimum conditions and respecting the time interval between milkings usually applied on sheep farms (8–12 h), would not affect teat integrity. Moreover, given the variability observed in teat thickness recovery time between the different experiments, further research should be carried out to study which factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the animal may affect the teat wall thickness and recovery time after machine milking.
A typology of interpartner conflict and maternal parenting practices in high-risk families: Examining spillover and compensatory models and implications for child adjustment
Authors: Sturge-Apple Melissa L. , Davies Patrick T. , Cicchetti Dante , Fittoria Michael G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present study incorporates a person-based approach to identify spillover and compartmentalization patterns of interpartner conflict and maternal parenting practices in an ethnically diverse sample of 192 2-year-old children and their mothers who had experienced higher levels of socioeconomic risk. In addition, we tested whether sociocontextual variables were differentially predictive of theses profiles and examined how interpartner-parenting profiles were associated with children's physiological and psychological adjustment over time. As expected, latent class analyses extracted three primary profiles of functioning: adequate functioning, spillover, and compartmentalizing families. Furthermore, interpartner-parenting profiles were differentially associated with both sociocontextual predictors and children's adjustment trajectories. The findings highlight the developmental utility of incorporating person-based approaches to models of interpartner conflict and maternal parenting practices.
Impact of physical maltreatment on the regulation of negative affect and aggression
Authors: Shackman Jessica E. , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPhysically maltreated children are at risk for developing externalizing behavioral problems characterized by reactive aggression. The current experiment tested the relationships between individual differences in a neural index of social information processing, histories of child maltreatment, child negative affect, and aggressive behavior. Fifty boys (17 maltreated) performed an emotion recognition task while the P3b component of the event-related potential was recorded to index attention allocation to angry faces. Children then participated in a peer-directed aggression task. Negative affect was measured by recording facial electromyography, and aggression was indexed by the feedback that children provided to a putative peer. Physically maltreated children exhibited greater negative affect and more aggressive behavior, compared to nonmaltreated children, and this relationship was mediated by children's allocation of attention to angry faces. These data suggest that physical maltreatment leads to inappropriate regulation of both negative affect and aggression, which likely place maltreated children at increased risk for the development and maintenance of externalizing behavior disorders.
Insulin influences developmental competence of bovine oocytes cultured in α-MEM plus follicle-simulating hormone
Authors: Mota Gustavo Bruno , Oliveira e Silva Ingrid , de Souza Danielle Kaiser , Tuany Flavia , Pereira Michele Munk , Camargo Luiz Sergio de Almeida , Rosa e Silva Alzira Amélia Martins 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dose–response effect of insulin, plus follicle-simulating hormone (FSH) at a fixed concentration, in a serum-free defined culture medium (DCM) on the in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). For oocyte nuclear maturation, the expression levels of GDF9, GLUT1, PRDX1 and HSP70.1 transcripts related to oocyte and embryo developmental competence were analysed. For in vitro maturation (IVM), cumulus–oocyte complexes from slaughterhouse ovaries were distributed into four groups based on insulin concentration added to serum-free DCM, which was composed of alpha minimum essential medium (α-MEM), as basal medium: (1) DCM control: 0 ng/ml; (2) DCM1: 1 ng/ml; (3) DCM10: 10 ng/ml; and (4) DCM100: 100 ng/ml. After IVM, the nuclear status of a sample of oocytes was analysed and the other oocytes were submitted for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC). Different concentrations of insulin did not affect significantly the nuclear maturation and cleavage rate (72 h post-insemination) across all groups. Blastocyst rate (192 h post-insemination) did not differ in DCM control (24.3%), DCM1 (27.0%) and DCM10 (26.3%) groups, but the DCM100 (36.1%) group showed a greater blastocyst rate (P < 0.05) than the DCM control. Insulin concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml decreased the relative levels of GDF9 and HSP70-1 transcripts in oocytes at the end of IVM (P < 0.05). The transcripts levels of PRDX1 decreased (P < 0.05) only when 10 or 100 ng/ml insulin was added to the DCM medium. No difference in levels of GLUT1 transcripts (P > 0.05) was observed at the different insulin concentrations. The results indicated that insulin added to DCM influenced levels of transcripts related to cellular stress (HSP70-1 and PRDX1) and oocyte competence (GDF9) in bovine oocytes and at higher concentrations enhanced blastocyst production.
Mitochondrial mutations in patients with congenital heart defects by next generation sequencing technology
Authors: Abaci Neslihan , Arıkan Muzaffer , Tansel Türkan , Sahin Nazlı , Cakiris Aris , Pacal Ferda , Sırma Ekmekci Sema , Gök Emre , Üstek Duran 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt has been shown that mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations may play an important role in the development of cardiomyopathy, and various types of cardiomyopathy can be attributed to disturbed mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism. Several studies have described many mutations in mitochondrial genes encoding for subunits of respiratory chain complexes. Thus, recent studies confirm that pathologic mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations are a major reason of diseases and determining them by next-generation sequencing will improve our understanding of dysregulation of heart development. To analyse mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations, the entire mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid was amplified in two overlapping polymerase chain reaction fragments from the cardiac tissue of the 22 patients with congenital heart disease, undergoing cardiac surgery. Mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid was deep sequenced by next-generation sequencing. A total of 13 novel mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations were identified in nine patients. Of the patients, three have novel mutations together with reported cardiomyopathy mutations. In all, 65 mutations were found, and 13 of them were unreported. This study represents the most comprehensive mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutational analysis in patients with congenital heart disease.
Mesalamine-induced myopericarditis in a paediatric patient with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Nair Asha G. , Cross Russell R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMesalamine-containing products are considered first-line treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Myocarditis is recognised as a very rare possible side effect of these medications, but has not often been described in the paediatric population. We present a case of an adolescent with Crohn’s disease who presented with myopericarditis after recent initiation of Pentasa. Once identified as the causative agent, the drug was discontinued, with subsequent normalisation of troponin and improvement of function. This case identifies the importance of prompt evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of paediatric patients receiving mesalamine-containing medications that present with significant cardiovascular symptoms.
Genomic insights into the uncultured genus ‘Candidatus Magnetobacterium’ in the phylum Nitrospirae
Authors: Lin Wei , Deng Aihua , Wang Zhang , Li Ying , Wen Tingyi , Wu Long-Fei , Wu Martin , Pan Yongxin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) of the genus ‘Candidatus Magnetobacterium’ in phylum Nitrospirae are of great interest because of the formation of hundreds of bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes in multiple bundles of chains per cell. These bacteria are worldwide distributed in aquatic environments and have important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of iron and sulfur. However, except for a few short genomic fragments, no genome data are available for this ecologically important genus, and little is known about their metabolic capacity owing to the lack of pure cultures. Here we report the first draft genome sequence of 3.42 Mb from an uncultivated strain tentatively named ‘Ca. Magnetobacterium casensis’ isolated from Lake Miyun, China. The genome sequence indicates an autotrophic lifestyle using the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway for CO2 fixation, which has not been described in any previously known MTB or Nitrospirae organisms. Pathways involved in the denitrification, sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction have been predicted, indicating its considerable capacity for adaptation to variable geochemical conditions and roles in local biogeochemical cycles. Moreover, we have identified a complete magnetosome gene island containing mam, mad and a set of novel genes (named as man genes) putatively responsible for the formation of bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes and the arrangement of multiple magnetosome chains. This first comprehensive genomic analysis sheds light on the physiology, ecology and biomineralization of the poorly understood ‘Ca. Magnetobacterium’ genus.
Optical excitation and external photoluminescence quantum efficiency of Eu3+ in GaN
Authors: de Boer W. D. A. M. , McGonigle C. , Gregorkiewicz T. , Fujiwara Y. , Tanabe S. , Stallinga P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe investigate photoluminescence of Eu-related emission in a GaN host consisting of thin layers grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy. By comparing it with a reference sample of Eu-doped Y2O3, we find that the fraction of Eu3+ ions that can emit light upon optical excitation is of the order of 1%. We also measure the quantum yield of the Eu-related photoluminescence and find this to reach (~10%) and (~3%) under continuous wave and pulsed excitation, respectively.