bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Involvement of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Sporadic Bovine Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Ogawa Yasuki , Sagata Noriyuki , Tsuzuku‐Kawamura Junko , Onuma Misao , Izawa Hisao , Ikawa Yoji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing various portions of a molecularly cloned bovine leukemia virus (BLV) DNA as probes, the possible integration of a BLV genome or a BLV‐related sequence into the chromosomal DNA of sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL) tumor cells was investigated by Southern blotting analysis. Under stringent as well as non‐stringent conditions of hybridization, neither BLV nor BLV‐related sequence specific to SBL DNAs was detected in any SBL tumor examined. These results provide conclusive evidence for lack of the relation of BLV or a BLV‐related agent to SBL.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Chlamydia psittaci
Authors: Toyofuku Hajime , Takashima Ikuo , Arikawa Jiro , Hashimoto Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFive monoclonal antibodies were prepared against Chlamydia (C.) psittaci strain Pigeon‐1041 isolated from a feral pigeon in Sapporo. Reactions of these antibodies to chlamydiae were examined using five strains of C. psittaci and two strains of C. trachomatis in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, microimmunofluorescent test and complement fixation test. The antibodies were divided into two groups: three genus‐specific (A2, D2, and I21) and two strain‐specific (F2 and H9) antibodies. The antigenic determinant site of A2 was KIO4 sensitive, but those of D2, F2, and H9 were not affected greatly by KIO4 treatment. Nine C. psittaci strains from feral pigeons and 16 strains from budgerigars were classified into three groups and four groups, respectively, by reaction patterns against the monoclonal antibodies.
In vitro Intestinal Microflora‐Mediated Metabolism of Biliary Metabolites from 1‐Nitropyrene‐Treated Rats
Authors: Kinouchi Takemi , Nishifuji Keiko , Ohnishi Yoshinari 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo investigate the modifying role of the intestinal microflora in the metabolism of 1‐nitropyrene (1‐NP) via enterohepatic circulation, we collected bile from male Wistar rats administered [3H]1‐NP orally. The bile was mixed with the intestinal contents (IC) prepared from untreated rats and the mixture was incubated anaerobically under an atmosphere of nitrogen at 37 C. Samples of the reaction mixture were removed at intervals to assay their mutagenic potential, to determine the radioactivity bound to the IC, and for analysis of the biliary metabolites. The binding of the radioactivity to the IC increased linearly as a function of time during the 1‐hr incubation. The time‐dependent binding does not occur with heat‐treated IC and the binding was inhibited by addition of D‐saccharic acid 1,4‐lacton, a β‐glucuronidase inhibitor. The mutagenicity (for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 without S9 mix) of the bile increased early in the incubation period and then decreased very rapidly. The mutagenicity of the bile was also enhanced by treatment with a sonicated IC extract or β‐glucuronidase, but not with a heat‐treated IC or arylsulfatase. The metabolites produced after the bile was incubated for short periods with the IC were mainly nitrohydroxypyrenes; at later times nitroreduction occurred. The level of acetylaminohydroxypyrenes, which were formed by deconjugation, did not change during the incubation. To determine the degree of contribution of the IC to the total acetylating capacity, we measured acetyltransferase activity of the IC and various organs in Wistar rats. The liver had the highest N‐acetyltransferase activity among the seventeen organs examined. Considerable activity was also detected in the kidney, small intestine, lung, and testis, but the IC showed very low activity. The acetylating capacity of the IC was 0.27% of the total capacity in rats, and that of the liver was more than 80%. These results suggest that the nitrohydroxypyrenes formed from 1‐NP in the liver were conjugated to glucuronic acid and excreted via the bile duct into intestine. Hydrolysis of these glucuronide conjugates by bacterial β‐glucuronidase liberated into intestine, free nitrohydroxypyrenes, which were direct‐acting mutagens. The released aglycons were then rapidly nitro‐reduced by intestinal microflora, but contribution of the intestinal microflora to acetylation of the reduced metabolites is very low.
Follow‐Up Study of Type C Influenza Outbreak in a Children's Home
Authors: Katagiri Susumu , Ohizumi Akiko , Ohyama Shinobu , Homma Morio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA follow‐up study of type C influenza in a children's home was made where the first outbreak of type C influenza occurred in March, 1981. During the survey period of 2 years, 2 additional outbreaks occurred in April and October, 1982 and 4 cases of the secondary and 2 cases of the tertiary infections were serologically confirmed. All of the children exposed to the outbreaks, except 2 particular cases who were suffering from German measles, showed similar mild respiratory symptoms characterized by fever and long‐lasting nasal discharge, irrespective of primary, secondary, and tertiary infections. No case of inapparent infection was observed. Incubation period was estimated to be not longer than 5 days and the period of virus shedding, to be longer than 22 days. Antibody response in the sera of patients to type C influenza virus was equally good after every infection, although it was not efficient to prevent the succeeding infection. Factors involved in the repeated infections of type C influenza were discussed.
Purification and Characteristics of Glucocorticoid Antagonizing Factor in Endotoxemia
Authors: Sakaguchi Shuhei , Yokota Katsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study involved the purification of GAF (glucocorticoid antagonizing factor) released in blood of endotoxemic mice, using the inhibition rate of tryptophan oxygenase (TO) activity in the mice liver as a parameter, to determine if this plays a role in metabolic disorders. GAF‐rich serum in zymosan‐primed and endotoxin‐injected mice was subjected to chromatography on DEAE‐Sepharose CL‐6B, Blue Sepharose CL‐6B and Sephadex G‐200 superfine columns. Finally, GAF fractions were purified by chromatography on a DEAE‐Sepharose CL‐6B column. The purified GAF showed a single band in electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of GAF was estimated to be 90,000. The purified GAF was regarded as glycoprotein. No factor (100 μg) exhibited lethal action on mice. The activity of TO in cortisone treated mice after injection of purified GAF was markedly lower than that in cortisone alone treated mice. On the other hand, there were no differences in tyrosine aminotransferase activities between the GAF plus cortisone injected group and cortisone only treated group. The glucose level after injection of GAF in cortisone treated mice initially showed hyperglycemia, but declined toward hypoglycemia 2 hr after injection, and thereafter returned nearly to the normal range by 4 hr. The liver glycogen level in GAF plus cortisone‐treated mice was markedly lower than that in cortisone‐alone treated mice.
Induction of Resistance in Mice by the Capsular Polysaccharide Antigens of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yoshida Kosaku , Umeda Akiko , Ohshima Yukio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMice actively immunized with capsular polysaccharides extracted from capsular type strains A, B, C, and D, determined by the serum‐soft agar technique, were protected against lethal infection by homologous strains, but no animals survived infection by heterologous substance immunization even with at high doses. Passive protective antibody in rabbit antisera prepared using these strains was absorbed out only by homologous capsular polysaccharide in mice. These results indicated that resistance was specific for capsular polysaccharide. The substance contained mainly neutral sugar, small amounts of hexosamine, methyl‐pentose, and phosphate although these amounts varied depending on the capsular types strains.
Effects of FLONLIZER®, Ultraviolet Sterilizer, on Legionella Species Inhabiting Cooling Tower Water
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Urakami Itsuo , Nakano Koji , Ikedo Masanari , Yabuuchi Eiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLegionella pneumophila in sterile distilled water was not detected after ultraviolet irradiation by FLONLIZER®, a new‐type sterilizer, at a flow rate of 82.5 to 364.8 liters/hr. When irradiated by FLONLIZER® at a flow rate of under 324.0 liters/hr, no viable cells of legionellae, other heterotrophic bacteria and bacterivorous protozoa were detected in the cooling tower water, which was found to contain L. pneumophila. No viable cells of L. pneumophila and L. bozemanii suspended in sterile distilled water were detected after the irradiation with UV‐doses of over 6.16 × 103 μW·sec/cm2. At the irradiation of low UV‐doses under 1.06 × 104 μW·sec/cm2, the viable count of legionellae recuperated by photoreactivation from UV‐damage increased with the exposure time under a white fluorescent lamp. However, in the samples irradiated with UV‐doses of over 3.52 × 104 μW·sec/cm2, equal to the FLONLIZER®, legionellae did not recuperate even after 18 hr illumination with a white fluorescent lamp. FLONLIZER® is thus expected to act as a sterilizer which can control the legionellae inhabiting cooling tower systems placed in outdoor space.
Characterization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Interferon‐Gamma (IFN‐γ) and Their Application for Sandwich Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Authors: Jitsukawa Tomofumi , Nakajima Satoko , Sugawara Isamu , Mori Shigeo , De Ley Marc 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe three murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb), D1G2, D9D10, and D13C8, are specific for human interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), but not human IFN‐α and IFN‐β. They react weakly with heat‐treated IFN‐γ. The three antibodies recognize different epitopes of the IFN‐γ molecule, as evaluated by antibody‐binding inhibition experiments. We have used these three monoclonal antibodies to construct a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The best result was obtained when we used D1G2 or D9D10 MAb as a solid‐phase immunosorbent and D1G2 or D9D10 MAb as a tracer. When we measured IFN‐γ in sera by a combination of D1G2 (a solid‐phase) and D1G2 (a tracer), a result similar to the one by a combination of D9D10 (a solid‐phase) and D1G2 (a tracer), was obtained. This may suggest that human IFN‐γ exists in oligomeric form. Recombinant human IFN‐γ expressed in E. coli is detectable at a concentration of 1 ng/ml in this sandwich ELISA. This assay can be employed for the analysis of the structural characteristics of the human IFN‐γ molecule as well as measurement of IFN‐γ in human sera and tissue culture fluids.
Enzymic Detection of Adhesion of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp‐2 Cells
Authors: Minami Junzaburo , Okabe Akinobu , Hayashi Hideo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe established a new method for detecting enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adhering to HEp‐2 cells. An essential part of the method is an assay of β‐galactosidase activity of adhered bacterial cells. It consisted of the following steps: (1) culture of bacterial cells in a medium containing isopropyl‐thio‐β‐d‐galactoside, an inducer of β‐galactosidase; (2) incubation of a bacterial culture with monolayered HEp‐2 cells in a 96‐well culture plate; (3) washing wells to remove bacterial cells which did not adhere to HEp‐2 cells, and (4) enzymic reaction for β‐galactosidase assay in wells. The strains used differed widely in their β‐galactosidase activities. However, a calibration curve for the enzyme activity, obtained from each bacterial sample, showed that 105 bacteria per well permitted an accurate estimation. The enzyme activity of adhered bacteria to the monolayered cells showed that 107 bacteria were appropriate for the adherence assay. The number of adhered bacteria thus obtained was in good agreement with a viable cell count. The result indicates that the new method is more reliable than a widely used method, counting the number of bacteria under a microscope. The present method also makes it easy to detect adherent strains of E. coli in large numbers of specimens.
Purification of a k‐Carrageenase from Marine Cytophaga Species
Authors: Sarwar Golam , Matayoshi Seiken , Oda Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA mixture of extracellular carrageenases was isolated from the cell‐free medium of a culture of marine Cytophaga sp. 1k‐C783 grown on ZoBell 2216 E broth with 0.1% commercial carrageenan. A single active peak of k‐carrageenase was separated and purified from the mixture by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion‐exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration chromatography. Molecular weight of the purified k‐carrageenase was estimated as 100,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The purified k‐carrageenase had pH optimum 7.6 and temperature optimum 25 C.
Inhibitory Activity of (E)‐5‐(2‐Bromovinyl)‐2′‐Deoxyuridine on the Salmonid Herpesviruses, Oncorhynchus masou Virus (OMV) and Herpesvirus salmonis
Authors: Kimura Takahisa , Nishizawa Toyohiko , Yoshimizu Mamoru , De Clercq Erik 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe highly potent and selective anti‐herpesvirus agent, (E)‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)‐2′deoxyuridine (BVdU), was examined for its inhibitory effect on the salmonid herpesviruses Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) and Herpesvirus salmonis (H. salmonis). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of BVdU for OMV and H. salmonis were 1.25 and 3.0 μg/ml, respectively; these values were equal to or higher than those obtained for acyclovir or cytarabin. OMV DNA polymerase activity was reduced in a dose‐dependent fashion by BVdU 5′‐triphosphate (BVdUTP) within the concentration range of 3 to 30 μm. However, BVdUTP could also be substituted for the natural substrate, TTP, in the OMV DNA polymerase assay. It is postulated that the inhibitory action of BVdU on the salmonid herpesviruses is more or less similar to that on other herpesviruses and resides with respect to the inhibition of the virus DNA polymerase activity as well as incorporation of BVdU into the viral DNA.
Screening of Bacteria with Antiviral Activity from Fresh Water Salmonid Hatcheries
Authors: Kamei Yuto , Yoshimizu Mamoru , Ezura Yoshio , Kimura Takahisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBacteria isolated from two salmonid hatcheries were screened for antiviral activity against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) to ascertain the presence of bacteria with anti‐IHNV activity in the aquatic environment. Out of 710 bacterial isolates from the water and sediment samples, 190 strains showed anti‐IHNV activities of more than 50% plaque reduction. These antiviral activities were detected predominantly in Pseudomonas, Aeromonas/Vibrio, and coryneforms. In one hatchery, the bacteria with antiviral activities were more prevalent in sediment samples than in water samples. Seventy‐seven percent of the isolates with higher antiviral activities (>90% plaque reduction) belonged to Pseudomonas.
Chemotaxis for Methamphetamine in Escherichia coli
Authors: Fukunaga Shinya , Horiguchi Hiromi , Iwamoto Masayuki , Shigenobu Youji , Shinozawa Takao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEscherichia coli showed the chemotactic response for methamphetamine, a biogenic stimulative amine. The response was qualitatively detected by using a paper disk filter. The quantitative assay showed that E. coli responded to methamphetamine at 10−5 m or more.
Variation of Virulence and Other Properties among Sendai Virus Strains
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryoji , Iwai Hiroshi , Ueda Katsumoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe virulence of five Sendai virus strains (MN, Z, KN, Mol, and Hm) isolated from laboratory rodents was compared, using 3‐week‐old female Jcl‐ICR mice. The virulence of the strains was Mol, MN, KN, Z, and Hm in decreasing order. The 50% lethal dose and 50% lung consolidation inducing dose of the highest virulent strain differed by the order of more than 103 and 106, respectively, from those of the lowest virulent one. Other properties such as the growth rate in LLC‐MK2 cells, neuraminidase activities, and molecular weights of structural proteins also differed among the virus strains. These results indicate that Sendai virus prevailing in laboratory rodents is not homogenous with respect to virulence and some other properties.
Chemotactic Response of Human Neutrophils to N‐Acetyl Chitohexaose in vitro
Authors: Tokoro Akio , Suzuki Ko , Matsumoto Tatsuji , Mikami Takeshi , Suzuki Shigeo , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractN‐Acetyl chitohexaose (NACOS‐6) was able to display chemotactic response of human neutrophils in vitro. In order to analyze the mechanism, a series of chemotaxis studies by means of neutrophils treated with inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, or lipoxygenase to NACOS‐6 was conducted. The treatment of neutrophils with inhibitors of phospholipase A2 or cyclooxygenase resulted in decrease of number of migrated cells. However, the lipoxygenase inhibitors did not exhibit the same effect. On the other hand, the treatment of neutrophils with inhibitors of phospholipase A2 or lipoxygenase resulted in decrease of chemotactic response to Formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (FMLP), although the cyclooxygenase inhibitors did not inhibit chemotaxis of neutrophils. Neutrophils added to exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) caused an enhanced chemotactic response to NACOS‐6. These results indicate that the mechanism of chemotactic response to NACOS‐6 was different from that of FMLP, and that the response was enhanced by PGE2 released from the neutrophils with stimulation of NACOS‐6.
Resistance of Pseudomonas pseudomallei to Normal Human Serum Bactericidal Action
Authors: Ismail Ghazally , Razak Nyonya , Mohamed Rahmah , Embi Noor , Omar Othman 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of human normal serum (HNS) on Pseudomonas pseudomallei was determined. It is apparent from our data that the organism is resistant to the normal serum bactericidal mechanism. Ancillary experiments to confirm this serum‐resistant property of P. pseudomallei were done by examining the effects of growth phase conditions of the bacteria (i.e., logarithmic and stationary phases) and different buffered systems used as diluent in our bactericidal assay. Results obtained showed similar degree of resistance to serum bactericidal killing by 5 strains of the organisms tested. The possible survival advantage of serum‐resistant property to P. pseudomallei as bacterial pathogens known to invade the blood stream is discussed.
Maternal Transmission and Dental Caries Induction in Sprague‐Dawley Rats Infected with Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Ooshima Takashi , Sumi Norio , Izumitani Akira , Sobue Shizuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThirty‐four female rats (18 days old) were infected with Streptococcus mutans MT8148R (serotype c) or 6715 (g). Diets containing different proportions of sucrose were used to prepare the dams which harbored various levels of S. mutans in their oral cavity. Around 66 days of age, the female rats were bred and 34 dams subsequently bore 322 offspring. The dams were killed upon weaning (20 days of age) of their respective litters. There were positive correlations between the recovery of inoculated S. mutans and the caries incidence in the dams. Transmission of S. mutans from a dam to her offspring was studied in 10‐, 15‐, 20‐, 27‐, 34‐, 41‐, 48‐, and 55‐day‐old rats by evaluating the recover of S. mutans from the offspring. Positive correlation between the magnitudes of recovered S. mutans MT8148R from dams and their offspring was found in all ages of young rats examined. Furthermore, caries incidence in young rats was found to be positively correlated with the recovery of both strains of S. mutans as well as with incidence of caries in their respective dams.
Production of Interleukin 1 Inhibitors by the Murine Macrophage Cell Line P388D1 Which Produces Interleukin 1
Authors: Isono Noriko , Kumagai Katsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA murine macrophage cell line P388D1 in in vitro culture without any specific stimulation produced both interleukin 1 (IL1) and IL1 inhibitor which inhibits mitogenic response of murine thymocytes to IL1 in the culture fluids. The factor(s) responsible for inhibiting IL1‐induced thymocyte proliferation consisted of at least two molecules: factor I (FI) with an isoelectric point of 6.0 and factor II (FII) with an isoelectric point of 5.3, both of which had a similar m.w. of 40–60 kDa. FI activity was sensitive to heat (56 C) treatment and acid pH (3.0) treatment, while FII was resistant to both treatments. Both FI and FII inhibited mitogenic responses of thymocytes to IL1, but not proliferation of murine lymphoid cells induced by other interleukins, namely, IL2, IL3, or IL4. Neither showed any inhibition of spontaneous proliferation of murine tumor cell lines, suggesting that inhibition was specific for IL1, but not nonspecifically inhibiting for cellular DNA. These IL1 inhibitors were also suggested to be acting in the early phase of interaction between IL1 and lymphoid cells. The possible role of these inhibitors as representatives of regulatory substances, which normally control IL1 activities either in the levels of inflammation or immune responses, was discussed.
Effect of Rice Fiber on Human Fecal Microflora
Authors: Benno Yoshimi , Endo Kimiko , Miyoshi Hiroko , Okuda Toyoko , Koishi Hideo , Mitsuoka Tomotari 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of brown rice, containing fourfold as much dietary fiber as polished rice, on the human fecal microflora were determined. Significantly increased numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Enterococcus faecalis were observed during the brown rice intake, whereas the total counts and the numbers of bacteroides, Eubacterium aerofaciens, and Escherichia coli during the intake were lower than those before and after the intake. Lower numbers of clostridia and low incidences of Clostridium paraputrificum and C. perfringens were observed during the brown rice intake.
Susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare to Various Antibacterial Drugs
Authors: Tomioka Haruaki , Sato Katsumasa , Saito Hajime , Yamada Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare of human and natural sources, identified by the Gen‐Probe ®Rapid Diagnostic System for M. avium Complex (MAC) were studied for susceptibility to eight different drugs. In the case of human isolates of MAC, the following was noted. M. avium showed nearly the same susceptibility to streptomycin, kanamycin, ethambutol, and clofazimine as was seen with M. intracellulare. M. avium was much more resistant to rifampicin and rifabutin than was M. intracellulare, and M. avium was more susceptible to quinolones such as ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Conversely, in the case of MAC from natural sources, there was no difference between the susceptibility of M. avium and M. intracellulare to these antibacterial agents.
A Case of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in a Japanese Child
Authors: Okuno Yoshinobu , Harada Tokuzo , Ogawa Michiko , Okamoto Yutaka , Maeda Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA 6‐year‐old Japanese girl contracted a febrile illness with hemorrhagic manifestations when she traveled in Indonesia. A remarkable decrease in the numbers of platelets and white blood cells was observed in her acute‐phase blood specimens. Her father, who accompanied her, showed dengue fever‐like symptoms at almost the same time as her illness. It was determined by serological tests that they were infected with dengue virus type 1. Moreover, she showed a secondary antibody response to the flavivirus due to the pre‐existing antibody to Japanese encephalitis virus. This is the first confirmed case of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Japanese people.