bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Non‐Identity of Appearances and Things in Themselves
Authors: Stang Nicholas F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAccording to the ‘One Object’ reading of Kant's transcendental idealism, the distinction between the appearance and the thing in itself is not a distinction between two objects, but between two ways of considering one and the same object. On the ‘Metaphysical’ version of the One Object reading, it is a distinction between two kinds of properties possessed by one and the same object. Consequently, the Metaphysical One Object view holds that a given appearance, an empirical object, is numerically identical to the thing in itself that appears as that object. I raise various indiscernibility arguments against that view; because an appearance has different spatiotemporal and modal properties than a thing in itself, no appearance can be identical to a thing in itself. I point out that these arguments are similar to arguments against Monism, the view that material objects are numerically identical to the matter of which they are made. I outline some strategies Monists have developed to respond to these indiscernibility arguments and then develop parallel responses on behalf of the Metaphysical One Object view. However, I then raise another indiscernibility argument, to which, I argue, the Metaphysical One Object view cannot respond, even using the resources I have developed thus far. I develop a modified version of the Metaphysical One Object view that can respond to this new indiscernibility argument, but, I argue, this modified version of the One Object view is only a terminological variant of the Two Object view. When the Metaphysical One Object view is fully thought through it becomes the Two Object view. I conclude that Kantian appearances are not numerically identical to the things in themselves that appear to us.
Influence of eye rotation on peripheral eye length measurement obtained with a partial coherence interferometry instrument
Authors: Verkicharla Pavan K. , Suheimat Marwan , Mallen Edward A. H. , Atchison David A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeThe eye rotation approach for measuring peripheral eye length leads to concern about whether the rotation influences results, such as through pressure exerted by eyelids or extra‐ocular muscles. This study investigated whether this approach is valid.MethodsPeripheral eye lengths were measured with a Lenstar LS 900 biometer for eye rotation and no‐eye rotation conditions (head rotation for horizontal meridian and instrument rotation for vertical meridian). Measurements were made for 23 healthy young adults along the horizontal visual field (±30°) and, for a subset of eight participants along the vertical visual field (±25°). To investigate the influence of the duration of eye rotation, for six participants measurements were made at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 210 s after eye rotation to ±30° along horizontal and vertical visual fields.ResultsPeripheral eye lengths were not significantly different for the conditions along the vertical meridian (F1,7 = 0.16, p = 0.71). The peripheral eye lengths for the conditions were significantly different along the horizontal meridian (F1,22 = 4.85, p = 0.04), although not at individual positions (p ≥ 0.10) and were not important. There were no apparent differences between the emmetropic and myopic groups. There was no significant change in eye length at any position after maintaining position for 210 s.ConclusionEye rotation and no‐eye rotation conditions were similar for measuring peripheral eye lengths along horizontal and vertical visual field meridians at ±30° and ±25°, respectively. Either condition can be used to estimate retinal shape from peripheral eye lengths.
Parasitic worms and allergies in childhood: Insights from population studies 2008–2013
Authors: Amoah Abena S. , Boakye Daniel A. , van Ree Ronald , Yazdanbakhsh Maria 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe last few decades have seen a marked increase in the global prevalence of allergic diseases particularly among children. Among the factors attributed to this rise has been reduced exposure to pathogens during childhood leading to insufficient maturation of the regulatory arm of developing immune systems. Over the years, a number of epidemiological studies have observed an inverse relationship between parasitic worm (helminth) infections and allergies. The purpose of this review is to highlight insights from population studies conducted among children published between 2008 and 2013 that explore the complex dynamics between helminth infections and allergies. These insights include the effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergic responses, an elucidation of immune mechanisms and an examination of helminth‐induced immunoglobulin E cross‐reactivity. A better understanding of the relationship between helminths and allergies is imperative as research directions move toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of helminths and their products in the treatment of allergic disorders.
Children's cognitive recovery after day‐case general anesthesia: a randomized trial of propofol or isoflurane for dental procedures
Authors: Millar Keith , Bowman Adrian W. , Burns Deirdre , McLaughlin Paul , Moores Tony , Morton Neil S. , Musiello Toni , Wallace Ewan , Wray Alyson , Welbury Richard R. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is well established in adults but has been underinvestigated in children. As day‐case procedures are increasingly common, it is important to establish whether children suffer significant POCD. Pediatric POCD has been associated with several intravenous and inhalation anesthetics, but isoflurane has not been studied. As evidence indicates superior recovery after propofol, the study compared POCD after propofol or isoflurane anesthesia.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of propofol versus isoflurane upon children's POCD.MethodsFifty‐eight children aged 5–14 years were randomized to propofol (total intravenous anesthesia) or isoflurane for day‐case dental procedures. Reaction time (RT), verbal and visual memory, psychomotor coordination, and attention were assessed preoperatively, prior to discharge and at 24 h.ResultsReaction time and psychomotor control were impaired postoperatively in both groups but recovered at 24 h. Delayed verbal recall was significantly impaired only after propofol. Both groups had significant impairment of visual memory postoperatively and at 24 h, and of recognition memory postoperatively only.ConclusionsPropofol and isoflurane exert similar adverse effects on RT, psychomotor coordination, and visual memory. Selective impairment of verbal recall by propofol is consistent with adult evidence of the drug's effect on retrieval. The enduring postoperative impairment of memory has implications for instructions to parents and caregivers for the safety and well‐being of children in the 24 h after day‐case anesthesia with propofol and isoflurane.
Effective postoperative pain management in children after ambulatory surgery, with a focus on tonsillectomy: barriers and possible solutions
Authors: Dorkham Mariana C. , Chalkiadis George A. , von Ungern Sternberg Britta S. , Davidson Andrew J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPain following ambulatory surgery is often poorly managed at home. Certain procedures, such as tonsillectomy, cause high levels of pain for at least 1 week postoperatively. This impacts significantly on recovery and postoperative morbidity with regards to oral intake, sleep, and behavior. Barriers to effective postoperative pain management at home following discharge have been investigated and incorporate: parental factors, such as the ability to recognize and assess their child's pain, and misconceptions about analgesics; child factors, such as refusal to take medication; medication factors, such as ineffective medication or inadequate formulation or dose of analgesics; and system factors, such as poor discharge instructions, difficulty in obtaining medication and lack of information provision. A number of interventions have been suggested and trialled in an effort to address these barriers, which encompass educational strategies, improved information provision, improved medication regimens, and the provision of tools to aid parents in the pain management of their children. All in all, improvements in pain outcomes have been minor, and a more holistic approach, that appreciates the complex and multifaceted nature of pain management at home, is required.
Hydroxy‐plastochromanol and plastoquinone‐C as singlet oxygen products during photo‐oxidative stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: SZYMAŃSKA RENATA , NOWICKA BEATRYCZE , KRUK JERZY 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the present study, we have shown that hydroxy‐plastochromanol and plastoquinone‐C, the hydroxy derivatives of plastochromanol and plastoquinone‐9, respectively, are specifically formed from the parent compounds upon action of singlet oxygen and can be regarded as stable, specific, natural products of singlet oxygen action during photo‐oxidative stress in vivo. The presented data indicate that plastoquinone‐C formation dominates mainly during relatively short periods of high light stress where efficient production of singlet oxygen takes place, whereas hydroxy‐plastochromanol is rather formed under conditions of long‐term, less pronounced generation of singlet oxygen. An interesting observation was that hydroxy‐plastochromanol is formed even at very low light conditions (5–10 μmol photons m−2 s−1), indicating that singlet oxygen is generated not only during high light stress but also its formation by photosystem II is inseparably connected with the functioning of this photosystem even at the lowest light intensities.
Development of a Multiplex PCR for the Identification of Major Pathogenic Bacteria of Post‐Partum Endometritis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Aghamiri SM , Haghkhah M , Ahmadi MR , Gheisari HR 
Published: December 2013

ContentsPost‐partum period has an important role in cows' breeding due to its effects on reproductive efficiency and subsequent pregnancy. Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes (Arcanobacterium pyogenes), Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenicus are recognized as major pathogens associated with uterine endometrial lesions. The objective of this study was to identify these pathogens using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a culture‐independent sensitive method. A total of 172 cows were examined 25–35 days post‐partum, and 128 cows were examined at 2 weeks later (39–49 days post‐partum). Uterine discharges were collected by covered plastic infusion pipettes. The prevalence of endometritis was greater in the first examination than the second (35.5% vs. 16%). E. coli was detected in eight of the samples, T. pyogenes was detected in 13 of the samples and F. necrophorum was detected in 11 of the samples. There was no positive sample of P. melaninogenicus. Uterine contamination by T. pyogenes and F. necrophorum in the first examination was higher than the second examination. T. pyogenes affected as a tendency the prevalence of clinical endometritis in first examination. Primiparous cows showed 4.02 times higher odds of clinical endometritis compared with second‐parity cows in first examination. A multiplex PCR protocol as a simple, less expensive, fast assay was introduced to identify E. coli, T. pyogenes and F. necrophorum.
Globalisation and Inter‐occupational Inequality: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Bigsten Arne , Munshi Farzana 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHow does globalisation affect inter‐occupational wage inequality within countries? This paper examines this by focusing on two dimensions of globalisation: openness to trade and openness to capital flows, using a relatively new data set on occupational wages. Estimates from a dynamic model for 15 OECD countries spanning the period 1983–2003 suggest that increased openness increases occupational wage inequality in poorer OECD countries as predicted by the Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson model, but for the more advanced OECD countries, we find no significant effect. The absence of the expected result for the latter category can be due to a rapid increase in the supply of skilled labour, to outsourcing of skilled jobs or because changes in the trade flows are too small to have any significant effect in those countries.
The epidemiology of professional ice hockey injuries: a prospective report of six NHL seasons
Authors: McKay Carly D , Tufts Raymond J , Shaffer Benjamin , Meeuwisse Willem H 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThere is a paucity of literature examining injury and illness rates in men's professional ice hockey. This study aimed to determine injury and illness rates in the NHL over six seasons, and identify predictors of injury-related time loss in this population.MethodsThis study involved an inclusive cohort of hockey players from all NHL teams competing in the 2006–2007 through 2011–2012 seasons. A standardised electronic injury surveillance system was used to report injury and illness events. The primary outcome was regular season and postseason time-loss injury/illness. The secondary outcome was man-games lost from the competition.ResultsOn the basis of the estimated athlete exposures (AEs), the overall regular season incidence density was 15.6 injuries/1000 AEs and 0.7 illnesses/1000 AEs. Based on recorded time on ice, the injury rates were roughly threefold higher at 49.4 injuries/1000 player game-hours and 2.4 illnesses/1000 player game-hours. There was a reduction in injury rates over the 6-year period, with the greatest reduction between the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 seasons. Multivariate predictors of time loss greater than 10 days were being a goalie (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.38), being injured in a road game (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.63) and the mechanism of injury being a body check (OR=2.21, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.62).ConclusionsThere was an overall reduction in the time-loss injury and illness rates over six seasons. Being a goaltender, being injured on the road and being injured by a body check were the risk factors for time loss greater than five ‘man games’.
Exploring the implementation of the framework convention on tobacco control in four small island developing states of the Pacific: a qualitative study
Authors: Martin Erik , de Leeuw Evelyne 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo determine what variables influence the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in small island developing states of the Pacific and how they affect its success or failure. To explore how barriers can be overcome and opportunities utilised to ensure an effective FCTC implementation in the Pacific Islands.DesignA mixed methods, multiple case study consisting of primarily qualitative data in the form of semistructured interviews, document analysis and opportunistic observation.SettingField visits were undertaken to collect data in the Cook Islands, Vanuatu, Palau and Nauru. The key informants were interviewed in the major cities or islands of each respective country: Rarotonga, Port Vila, Koror and Nauru.ParticipantsPurposive sampling was used to select 39 informants, whose roles were associated with FCTC implementation. Most of the participants worked in health-oriented positions in the government and non-government organisations.ResultsEach country made a significant progress towards FCTC implementation. Overall, strong policy content, public support and limited pro-tobacco coalition activity were conducive to FCTC implementation, but the challenges were evident in the form of limited capacity, limited antitobacco coalition activity and limited political commitment outside the ministries of health in each country.ConclusionsFurther efforts are needed for full FCTC implementation, through building capacity and using resources effectively, growing commitment to FCTC beyond the health sector, fostering growth in antitobacco coalition activity, exploiting the limited pro-tobacco activity that may be present and garnering public support for tobacco control. These lessons may be particularly important for other small island developing states in the Pacific and developing countries elsewhere.
Bone marrow trephine biopsy involvement by lymphoma: review of histopathological features in 511 specimens and correlation with diagnostic biopsy, aspirate and peripheral blood findings
Authors: Sovani Vishakha , Harvey Caroline , Haynes Andrew P , McMillan Andrew K , Clark David M , O'Connor Simon R 
Published: December 2013

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the key features of bone marrow trephine (BMT) biopsy involvement by lymphoma.Methods511 cases were assessed for percentage of marrow involvement, pattern of involvement (diffuse, nodular, paratrabecular, interstitial or intrasinusoidal), presence/absence of granulomas, stromal fibrosis and necrosis, presence/absence of neoplastic/reactive follicles and discordance with other biopsy sites. Correlation with aspirate and peripheral blood findings was made in a subset of 345 patients (167 aspirates, 178 blood).ResultsThe most frequent subtype was follicular lymphoma (26.2%) followed by extranodal marginal zone (23.1%), lymphoplasmacytic (19.2%), diffuse large B cell (DLBCL) (12.5%), Hodgkin (HL) (5.7%) and mantle cell lymphomas (4.3%). The predominant pattern in follicular lymphoma was paratrabecular. Marginal zone lymphomas of all types and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma showed a relatively even distribution between diffuse, interstitial, paratrabecular and nodular patterns. The majority of mantle cell lymphoma cases showed either diffuse or nodular patterns. A diffuse pattern was common in DLBCL and Burkitt lymphomas. An intrasinusoidal pattern was seen only in extranodal and splenic marginal zone lymphomas. Granulomas and fibrosis were uncommon in small cell B cell lymphomas but frequent in DLBCL and HL. Aspirate and trephine results concurred in 73.8% of cases overall, but this varied widely between subtypes. Peripheral blood involvement rates by lymphoma also varied, with a mean of 37.1%.ConclusionsDifferent lymphomas often demonstrate reliably characteristic architectural patterns of marrow involvement which can help differentiate them even when cytological features do not permit this, and marrow stromal and other background changes may also be useful pointers towards a particular lymphoma subtype.
MicroRNA-202-3p Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Targeting ADP-Ribosylation Factor-like 5A in Human Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Qifeng , Huang Zhaohui , Guo Weijie , Ni Shujuan , Xiao Xiuying , Wang Lisha , Huang Dan , Tan Cong , Xu Qinghua , Zha Ruopeng , Zhang Jiwei , Sheng Weiqi , He Xianghuo , Du Xiang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNA) that are strongly implicated in carcinogenesis have recently reshaped our understanding of the role of non–protein-coding RNAs. Here, we focused on the function and molecular mechanism of miR-202-3p and its potential clinical application in colorectal cancer.
Experimental Design: miR-202-3p expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) in 94 colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding noncancerous tissues (NCT). Cell proliferation and colony formation assays in vitro and xenograft experiments in vivo were used to evaluate the effect of miR-202-3p on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Luciferase assay and Western blot analysis were performed to validate the potential targets of miR-202-3p after the preliminary screening by online prediction and microarray analysis. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The copy number of pre-miR-202 was measured by quantitative PCR.
Results: First, miR-202-3p was significantly downregulated in 46.7% colorectal cancer samples compared with NCTs. The overexpression of miR-202-3p inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and repressed tumorigenesis in nude mice. Then, miR-202-3p downregulated ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A (ARL5A) protein level by binding to its 3′ untranslated region, and knockdown of ARL5A phenocopied the proliferation inhibition effect of miR-202-3p. Furthermore, both of ARL5A mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in colorectal cancer samples compared with NCTs and high ARL5A protein levels predicted a poor prognosis.
Conclusions: miR-202-3p might function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, and ARL5A, the functional target of miR-202-3p in colorectal cancer, is a potential prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1146–57. ©2013 AACR.
Serum Glycan Signatures of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ozcan Sureyya , Barkauskas Donald A. , Renee Ruhaak L. , Torres Javier , Cooke Cara L. , An Hyun Joo , Hua Serenus , Williams Cynthia C. , Dimapasoc Lauren M. , Han Kim Jae , Camorlinga-Ponce Margarita , Rocke David , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Solnick Jay V. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGlycomics, a comprehensive study of glycans expressed in biologic systems, is emerging as a simple yet highly sensitive diagnostic tool for disease onset and progression. This study aimed to use glycomics to investigate glycan markers that would differentiate patients with gastric cancer from those with nonatrophic gastritis. Patients with duodenal ulcer were also included because they are thought to represent a biologically different response to infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial infection that can cause either gastric cancer or duodenal ulcer. We collected 72 serum samples from patients in Mexico City that presented with nonatrophic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, or gastric cancer. N-glycans were released from serum samples using the generic method with PNGase F and were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The corresponding glycan compositions were calculated based on accurate mass. ANOVA-based statistical analysis was performed to identify potential markers for each subgroup. Nineteen glycans were significantly different among the diagnostic groups. Generally, decreased levels of high-mannose–type glycans, glycans with one complex type antenna, bigalactosylated biantennary glycans, and increased levels of nongalactosylated biantennary glycans were observed in gastric cancer cases. Altered levels of serum glycans were also observed in duodenal ulcer, but differences were generally in the same direction as gastric cancer. Serum glycan profiles may provide biomarkers to differentiate gastric cancer cases from controls with nonatrophic gastritis. Further studies will be needed to validate these findings as biomarkers and identify the role of protein glycosylation in gastric cancer pathology. Cancer Prev Res; 7(2); 226–35. ©2013 AACR.
Trajetórias do desenvolvimento no Brasil
Authors: Miranda Zil , Mirra Evando 
Published: December 2013

O Brasil mudou substancialmente nas duas últimas décadas. O Estado, a sociedade e o tecido industrial foram todos impactados e modificados pelas alterações no regime de concorrência, na composição patrimonial e na estrutura social. Análises internacionais apontam que o país estaria se reposicionando no sistema global. Nesse processo, o presente artigo destaca os avanços recentes nas políticas industrial e de ciência e tecnologia que foram articuladas e passaram a dar relevo à inovação empresarial em suas agendas. São recuperados os principais traços das trajetórias de desenvolvimento seguidas pelo país desde os anos 1950 a fim de explicitar as mudanças de orientação e a progressiva importância que foi sendo conferida às políticas de incentivos à inovação nas empresas.