bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Pulmonary Embolism Following Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Çolak İlker , Eceviz Engin , Baysal Özgür , Bekler Halil İbrahim 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: It is well known that venous thromboembolism is a common complication after lower limb injuries which requires long term immobilization, however venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after achilles tendon rupture is stil controversial. In this report our aim is to present a case of pulmonary embolism which developed 47 days after surgical repair of achilles tendon rupture and diagnosed factor V leiden heterozygous mutation. Methods: Case presentation: A 28 – years- old man was admitted to emergency department with left heel pain and he could not bear weight on it. Achilles tendon rupture was confirmed with physical examination and MRI and patient operated under the spinal anesthesia. Tendon was repaired with the modified Kesler technique. Patient was cast-immobilized and ambulating with crutches and rested for 47 days at home, when he was admitted to emergency department again with acute severe dyspnea, pain on right side, hemoptysis. There was no chronic disease history in in the patient´s anamnesis except migraine diagnosis. There were slight inspiratory rales in right lower lobe in auscultation of respiratuary system examination. Cardiovascular system and abdomen examination were normal. Plasma concentration of D-dimer was 1227 μg/mL in the laboratory evaluations. Patient was diagnosed pulmonary embolus (PE) by ventilation/perfusion lung scan. Result of detailed evaluation, genetic analysis showed that patient has factor V leiden heterozygous mutation. Patient hospitalized in Department of Chest Diseases and low-molecular-weight heparin was used to treat and 5 mg orally Warfarin was used for six months. Results: Conclusion: The incidence of deep venus thrombosis (DVT) and PE after Achilles tendon rupture were highly variable in the literature. This could depend on different designs used in studies. The most recent antihrombotic guidelines suggested no DVT prophylaxis for this type injuries. Existing orthopaedic guidelines does not provide optimal DVT/PE prophylaxis for injuries under the knee requires immobilization. Further research is needed to investigate the benefits of DVT prophylaxis on patients following Achilles tendon rupture.
Arthroscopic Reconstruction of Chronic Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Instability in a Professional Dancer
Authors: Aksu Neslihan , Abay Burak , Soydan Ramazan , Ercan Ertuğrul 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Chronic isolated injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are very rare in the literature. PCL injuries are often presented undiagnosed because of the weak signs of the injury compared to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. We report the surgical outcome of arthroscopic reconstruction of the chronic isolated PCL rupture with ipsilateral autologous hamstring tendon in a professional Caucasian dancer. Methods: A 21-year-old male professional Caucasian dancer presented severe instability without any pain in his right knee lasting for one year. The patient did not describe any specific traumatic event but his both knees received repeatitive direct pretibial trauma during hyperflexion of the knee while landing to the floor. At the physical examination, posterior sagging of the tibia was observed on the affected side at 90o of knee flexion and step off test and posterior drawer test were positive preoperatively under general anesthesia. The Tegner Lysholm score was evaluated as 59 (poor). A magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed the isolated total rupture of PCL. The treatment of choice was arthroscopic single bundle reconstruction of PCL with ipsilateral autologous hamstring tendon. A standard arthroscopic exploration of the joint was performed preoperatively and we didn't observe any meniscal, cartilage or ligamentous lesion. Anteromedial and anterolateral portals were made in order to visualize the posterior cortex of the tibia with a 70 degree scope. Intra-operative fluroscopy was used to confirm proper tunnel position. During postoperatively first week, the patient was allowed to mobilize nonweight bearing with the use of two crutches without functional knee brace. Quadriceps musculature and passive range of motion was trained. Results: At the 6 month- follow-up, the patient achieved full symmetric restoration of motion. He had returned to full daily activies. The Tegner Lysholm score was evaluated as 95 (excellent) postoperatively. Functional examination of the right knee reveled 140 of flexion, and full knee extension. No posterior sagging was observed and step off test and posterior drawer test was negative. The complaint of instability was disappeared. At 1-year follow-up, clinical findings were unremarkable, with no sign of re-rupture and he returned to his professional career. Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction technique of the PCL and associated rehabilitation protocols has not yet been fully standardized and much work still has be done optimizing correct treatment of PCL injuries. The arthroscopic reconstruction of chronic isolated PCL instability is a very difficult technique as well as its diagnosis. The reconstruction is very beneficial in the athletes and the patients who are not responding well to the conservative treatment.
Size and surface modification of amorphous silica particles determine their effects on the activity of human CYP3A4 in vitro
Authors: Imai Shunji , Yoshioka Yasuo , Morishita Yuki , Yoshida Tokuyuki , Uji Miyuki , Nagano Kazuya , Mukai Yohei , Kamada Haruhiko , Tsunoda Shin-ichi , Higashisaka Kazuma , Tsutsumi Yasuo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Because of their useful chemical and physical properties, nanomaterials are widely used around the world - for example, as additives in food and medicines - and such uses are expected to become more prevalent in the future. Therefore, collecting information about the effects of nanomaterials on metabolic enzymes is important. Here, we examined the effects of amorphous silica particles with various sizes and surface modifications on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity by means of two different in vitro assays. Silica nanoparticles with diameters of 30 and 70 nm (nSP30 and nSP70, respectively) tended to inhibit CYP3A4 activity in human liver microsomes (HLMs), but the inhibitory activity of both types of nanoparticles was decreased by carboxyl modification. In contrast, amine-modified nSP70 activated CYP3A4 activity. In HepG2 cells, nSP30 inhibited CYP3A4 activity more strongly than the larger silica particles did. Taken together, these results suggest that the size and surface characteristics of the silica particles determined their effects on CYP3A4 activity and that it may be possible to develop silica particles that do not have undesirable effects on metabolic enzymes by altering their size and surface characteristics.
Should all elective knee radiographs requested by general practitioners be performed weight-bearing?
Authors: Chen Alvin , Balogun-Lynch Joshua , Aggarwal Kavita , Dick Elizabeth , Gupte Chinmay M 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aims of this study were to: [1] Assess the number of patients with suspected knee osteoarthritis that underwent repeat weight-bearing(WB) knee radiographs in the orthopaedic clinic following initial non-WB radiograph requested by their general practitioner (GP). [2] Confirm whether repeating WB knee views changed radiology reports. [3] Determine the number of London trusts with protocols for routinely performing WB views. A Retrospective cohort study of 1968 patients aged >40 years referred to a London teaching hospital for knee radiographs over 12 months. Radiographs were identified as WB/non-WB. Subsequent repeat WB views performed in those that went on to have an orthopaedic consultation were also documented. A consultant musculoskeletal radiologist reported both images. A proforma containing a likert scale of severity for commonly reported abnormalities in knee osteoarthritis and criteria from the Kellgren and Lawrence scale was used for reporting. London NHS Trusts were surveyed to identify if protocols were in place for performing WB views. A total of 1,968 patients underwent knee radiographs, of which 1922 (97.7%) had initial non-WB radiographs. Of the 56 patients in this group that underwent required repeat WB radiographs, joint space narrowing was reported as more severe on WB versus non-WB radiographs (p = 0.035). Only 54% of departments routinely performed WB radiographs. Few patients (2.3%) referred by GPs have WB radiographs requested. Some of those referred for a specialist opinion required repeat WB views. Nearly half of London hospitals do not routinely perform WB radiographs. This represents a significant financial burden to the NHS, increased radiation exposure and wasted patient/clinician time. We propose that all GP requested knee radiographs be performed as WB unless otherwise stated.
Consensus‐based recommendations of Australian podiatrists for the prescription of foot orthoses for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults
Authors: Banwell Helen A , Mackintosh Shylie , Thewlis Dominic , Landorf Karl B 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundFoot orthoses are commonly used for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults. However, there are no clinical guidelines for the prescription of customised foot orthoses that are specific to this population. The aim of this study was to investigate prescription habits of Australian podiatrists for customised foot orthoses for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults and to develop consensus‐based practice recommendations for the prescription of these foot orthoses.MethodsA four round Delphi survey was undertaken with 24 podiatric experts to establish current use and rationale for individual prescription variables of customised foot orthoses for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults. Round one determined prescription use (consensus) and rounds two, three and four determined the rationale for use (agreement) of prescription variables across the rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot, as well as accommodation and materials used. For consensus and agreement to be accepted, 70% of the respondents were required to use or agree on the rationale for use of individual prescription variables.ResultsConsensus was reached in round one for two variables, choice of shell material (polyolefin) and when to prescribe a forefoot post balanced to perpendicular. In rounds two, three and four, agreement was reached for 52 statements related to the rationale for use of individual prescription variables, including when to prescribe: an inverted cast pour [heel in an inverted position], an inverted rearfoot post, a medial heel (Kirby) skive, minimal/maximum arch fill, a medial flange, a forefoot post and common orthotic accommodations.ConclusionThis study found consensus or agreement for the use of several prescription variables for customised foot orthoses for symptomatic flexible pes planus in adults. The findings were used to develop the Foot orthosis Prescription Recommendations for symptOmatic flexible Pes planus in adults (FootPROP) proforma, to guide clinicians and researchers in the prescription of customised foot orthoses for this population.
Citrate for continuous renal replacement therapy: safer, better and cheaper
Authors: Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn a previous issue of Critical Care, Schilder and colleagues report the results of their multicenter trial (Citrate Anticoagulation Versus Systemic Heparinization; CASH) comparing regional anticoagulation with citrate to heparin anticoagulation. They found that citrate was safer, more efficacious and cheaper than heparin. In contrast to the largest previous trial, however, a survival benefit was not found, which was the primary endpoint of the CASH trial. Different explanations are possible, including selection bias and a lower severity of disease. Selection bias was high: only 6% of the renal replacement therapy patients were included (versus 56% in the previous trial) and exclusion was 56% for increased risk of bleeding, 2.5 times as frequent as in the previous trial. Thus, the trial with survival benefit apparently included more patients with risk of bleeding and also more severely ill patients and these are the groups that potentially benefit the most from citrate. Nevertheless, the CASH trial is the third large randomized trial showing superiority of citrate over heparin, supporting the recommendation of citrate as first choice anticoagulant.
Biomarkers for acute kidney injury: is NGAL ready for clinical use?
Authors: Ronco Claudio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease) criteria were introduced in 2004, defining the clinical stage of acute kidney injury (AKI) and outcome measures based on serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, and urine output. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that these markers are insufficient in drawing an accurate illustration of kidney injury. Indeed, mortality and morbidity remain high in AKI, suggesting that accuracy and speed of patient evaluation are lacking. A great deal of evidence indicates that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a sensitive and specific early marker of various etiological classes of AKI and would be highly valuable in conjunction with existing markers of AKI for better classifying renal injury as well as dysfunction (kidney attack). Improvements in diagnosis, risk identification, stratification, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring will benefit clinical decision-making in the individualized bundling of therapies and ongoing patient management. In particular, kidney protection and AKI prevention may become feasible if an earlier and more accurate diagnosis is made for AKI. Here, we discuss the opportunity to consider whether NGAL is ready for routine clinical use in a number of etiologies of AKI.
The importance of study design for detecting differentially abundant features in high-throughput experiments
Authors: Luo Huaien , Li Juntao , Chia Burton Kuan Hui , Robson Paul , Nagarajan Niranjan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHigh-throughput assays, such as RNA-seq, to detect differential abundance are widely used. Variable performance across statistical tests, normalizations, and conditions leads to resource wastage and reduced sensitivity. EDDA represents a first, general design tool for RNA-seq, Nanostring, and metagenomic analysis, that rationally selects tests, predicts performance, and plans experiments to minimize resource wastage. Case studies highlight EDDA’s ability to model single-cell RNA-seq, suggesting ways to reduce sequencing costs up to five-fold and improving metagenomic biomarker detection through improved test selection. EDDA’s novel mode-based normalization for detecting differential abundance improves robustness by 10% to 20% and precision by up to 140%.
Effect of progressive pedometer based walking intervention on quality of life and general well being among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guglani Ruchika , Shenoy Shweta , Sandhu Jaspal Singh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the effectiveness of two goal setting pedometer based walking program for people with type 2 diabetes, one employing supervised exercise group with pedometer and the other employing self reported group with pedometer.MethodsA total of 102 type 2 diabetic outpatients (28 women, 74 men) between the age of 40-70 years were recruited and randomly allocated into 3 groups: supervised exercise group with pedometer (Group A), self reported exercise group with pedometer (Group B) and a control group (Group C) for 16 weeks. Subjects were asked to respond to the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) and well being questionnaire at two occasions i.e. 0 week and after 16 weeks of intervention. Paired t test were used within the groups to compare Mean ± SD for all the parameters at baseline and at the end of 16 weeks. Differences between the groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical difference was further analyzed by Post hoc analysis using Bonferroni method.ResultsThe item “Freedom to eat” had the highest negative impact among all the subgroups. Other domains that were adversely affected by diabetes are ‘leisure activity’, ’do physically’, ‘physical appearance’, ‘self confidence’, ‘future’ and ‘financial situation’. In the group A significant reduction were noted among all the items except long distance journey (p<0.05). In the group B participants experienced reduction among all the domains except long distance journey, sex life and living condition.ConclusionPedometer determined activity has the potential to improve the quality of life. Supervised Walking using a pedometer was found more effective in improving quality of life and general wellbeing for Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.Clinical trial registry India (CTRI)[CTRI/2012/10/003034].
Analyzing the longitudinal impact of proximity, location, and personality on smartphone usage
Authors: Meng Lei , Liu Shu , Striegel Aaron 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Over the past few years, mobile devices, particularly smartphones have seen dramatic increases in data consumption. The significant increases in data usage have placed tremendous strain on the wireless infrastructure, necessitating research across a variety of optimization, efficiency, and capacity improvements. Complementary to those research efforts is the acquisition of a better understanding of what aspects drive user smartphone usage.

Methods
In this paper, we leverage the unique characteristics of the NetSense study, a longitudinal study covering three years of a large cohort of smartphone users, to demonstrate how proximity, location, and individual differences (e.g., personality) can play an important role in understanding smartphone usage over time. We analyze the longitudinal impact of proximity density, personality, and location on smartphone traffic consumption.

Results and Discussion
We show that friendship proximity (i.e., SMS contacts and Facebook friendship) has a significant impact on traffic consumption and personality tends to impact application preference / consumption; However, the true behavior might not be presented due to restrictions of network connectivity. Applications can have significantly different contextual usages based on the location.

Conclusions
We believe our study raises the importance of considering proximity, personality, and location as context relevant for the purposes of assessing user data consumption.
Randomized Exercise Trial of Aromatase Inhibitor–Induced Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Irwin Melinda L. , Cartmel Brenda , Gross Cary P. , Ercolano Elizabeth , Li Fangyong , Yao Xiaopan , Fiellin Martha , Capozza Scott , Rothbard Marianna , Zhou Yang , Harrigan Maura , Sanft Tara , Schmitz Kathryn , Neogi Tuhina , Hershman Dawn , Ligibel Jennifer 
Published: December 2014

Purpose Arthralgia occurs in up to 50% of breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and is the most common reason for poor AI adherence. We conducted, in 121 breast cancer survivors receiving an AI and reporting arthralgia, a yearlong randomized trial of the impact of exercise versus usual care on arthralgia severity. Patients and Methods Eligibility criteria included receiving an AI for at least 6 months, reporting ≥ 3 of 10 for worst joint pain on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and reporting < 90 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and no strength training. Participants were randomly assigned to exercise (150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and supervised strength training twice per week) or usual care. The BPI, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were completed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Intervention effects were evaluated using mixed-model repeated measures analysis, with change at 12 months as the primary end point. Results Over 12 months, women randomly assigned to exercise (n = 61) attended 70% (± standard deviation [SD], 28%) of resistance training sessions and increased their exercise by 159 (± SD, 136) minutes per week. Worst joint pain scores decreased by 1.6 points (29%) at 12 months among women randomly assigned to exercise versus a 0.2-point increase (3%) among those receiving usual care (n = 60; P < .001). Pain severity and interference, as well as DASH and WOMAC pain scores, also decreased significantly at 12 months in women randomly assigned to exercise, compared with increases for those receiving usual care (all P < .001). Conclusion Exercise led to improvement in AI-induced arthralgia in previously inactive breast cancer survivors.
Prioritization of skeletal muscle growth for emergence from hibernation
Authors: Hindle Allyson G. , Otis Jessica P. , Epperson L. Elaine , Hornberger Troy A. , Goodman Craig A. , Carey Hannah V. , Martin Sandra L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Mammalian hibernators provide an extreme example of naturally occurring challenges to muscle homeostasis. The annual hibernation cycle is characterized by shifts between summer euthermy with tissue anabolism and accumulation of body fat reserves, and winter heterothermy with fasting and tissue catabolism. The circannual patterns of skeletal muscle remodeling must accommodate extended inactivity during winter torpor, the motor requirements of transient winter active periods, and sustained activity following spring emergence. Muscle volume in 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) calculated from MRI upper hindlimb images (n=6 squirrels, n=10 serial scans) declined from hibernation onset, reaching a nadir in early February. Paradoxically, mean muscle volume rose sharply after February despite ongoing hibernation, and continued total body mass decline until April. Correspondingly, the ratio of muscle volume to body mass was steady during winter atrophy (October-February) but increased (+70%) from February-May, which significantly outpaced changes in liver or kidney examined by the same method. Generally stable myocyte cross-sectional area and density indicated that muscle remodeling is well regulated in this hibernator despite vastly altered seasonal fuel and activity levels. Body composition analysis by ECHO MRI showed lean tissue preservation throughout hibernation amid declining fat mass by end of winter. Muscle protein synthesis was 66% depressed in early but not late winter compared to a summer fasted baseline, while no significant changes were observed in the heart, liver or intestine, providing evidence that could support a transition in skeletal muscle regulation between early and late winter, prior to spring emergence and re-feeding.