bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I Connect With the Ringleader:” Health Professionals' Perspectives on Promoting the Sexual Health of Adolescent Males
Authors: Garcia Carolyn M. , Ptak Stephanie J. , Stelzer E. Brooke , Harwood Eileen M. , Brady Sonya S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn‐depth interviews with nine professionals in adolescent health were used to identify perceived barriers, facilitators, and innovative strategies to reach, engage, and serve adolescent males for sexual and reproductive health care. Barriers included stigma, embarrassment, and lack of social norms around sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing for men. Facilitators included crisis situations and partner support. Clinic‐based approaches to reach and engage young men included developing authentic staff‐youth engagement and ensuring that access to services is easy and appealing. To be innovative, providers should become part of the real‐world context of adolescent males. Technology (e.g., text messaging) and social media can be utilized to target and eliminate barriers to health care among young men. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐angiogenic tumours unveil a new chapter in cancer biology
Authors: Pezzella Francesco , Gatter Kevin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe term 'angiogenesis' was coined in 1787 and the role of vessels in cancer has been studied ever since. In 1971 Folkman introduced the hypothesis, until now widely accepted, that tumour growth is strictly dependent on angiogenesis. However, the discovery that tumours can also grow without angiogenesis by exploiting pre‐existing vessels, both in humans and more recently in mice, has demonstrated that this is not always the case. These observations highlight a new aspect of the interaction between vessels and tumours and demonstrate the existence of a previously unrecognized group of tumours that grow without angiogenesis and whose biology is, so far, largely unknown. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rice thermo-sensitive genic male sterility gene tms9: pollen abortion and gene isolation
Authors: Sheng Zhonghua , Tang Liqun , Shao Gaoneng , Xie Lihong , Jiao Guiai , Tang Shaoqing , Hu Peisong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe development of two-line hybrid rice has done great contribution to the food security. It is imperative to study the male sterility mechanism of rice photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line which is the core component of two-line hybrid rice. Zhu1S is a rice thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line used frequently as female parent in two-line hybrid seed production. A cytological examination of the development of the Zhu1S anther wall and the microspores showed that tms9 encoded male sterility is caused by the failure of the tapetum to degenerate normally, thereby starving the microspores and finally leading to pollen abortion. A fine-scale genetic map based on a large F2 population allowed tms9 to be located within a 30.2 Kb segment of chromosome 2 harboring seven open reading frames. A comparison between Zhu1S under sterile temperature condition (high temperature, male sterile) and fertile temperature condition (low temperature, fertile) showed that only one of the seven genes, LOC_Os02g12290, was differentially transcribed, with its transcript abundance being much lower under the sterile temperature growing condition. LOC_Os02g12290 encodes a nuclear ribonuclease Z. Re-sequencing demonstrated that the Zhu1S LOC_Os02g12290 allele differed from that present in non tms9 carrier alleles by two contiguous nucleotides in the first exon, inducing a truncated mRNA.
Developing cognitive-emotional training exercises as interventions for mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Iacoviello B.M. , Charney D.S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere is an urgent need for more effective treatments for mood and anxiety disorders. As our understanding of the cognitive and affective neuroscience underlying psychiatric disorders expands, so do opportunities to develop novel interventions that capitalize on the capacity for brain plasticity. Cognitive training is one such strategy. This paper provides the background and rationale for developing cognitive-emotional training exercises as an intervention strategy, and proposes guidelines for the development and evaluation of cognitive training interventions with a specific focus on major depressive disorder as an example.
Diagnosing rare cases of anomalous origin of the coronary arteries in tetralogy of Fallot using CT in an infant and an adult
Authors: Jivanji Salim G. M. , Rubens Michael , Seale Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMajor and minor coronary artery anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot is a well-described finding. The importance of determining the coronary distribution impacts upon the decision making for surgery and subsequent management. Traditionally, the coronary distribution is relied classically on echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation; however, they have well-known limitations. The use of CT as a first-line investigation modality for coronary artery distribution is discussed.
Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Negative: Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Simal Julián Juan Antonio , Miranda Lloret Pablo , Sanromán Álvarez Pablo , Pérez de San Román Laila , Beltrán Giner Andrés , Botella Asunción Carlos 
Published: October 2014

Introduction This work reports the first indocyanine green videoangiography (IGV) in negative published with video format support. This technique, so called because its first phase is performed with occlusion of the vessel suspected of being pathologic, is used for the diagnosis of spinal arteriovenous fistula (sDAVF). Case Report The authors present the case of a 68-year-old man with an sDAVF fed by the right T7 segmentary artery. IGV was initially performed with the presumptive fistula feeder occluded for less than 1 minute, which provided both diagnostic and postexclusion control in one procedure. This technique therefore is reversible by not prolonging vascular exclusion times. Discussion IGV in negative is an extremely visual and intuitive procedure that represents an improvement over conventional IGV. Conclusion Studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to determine whether IGV in negative can further reduce the need for postoperative digital subtraction angiography.
Effects of Acute Intravenous Iloprost on Right Ventricular Hemodynamics in Rats with Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zeineh Nabil S. , Bachman Timothy N. , El‐Haddad Hazim , Champion Hunter C. 
Published: October 2014

The inotropic effects of prostacyclins in chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are unclear and may be important in directing patient management in the acute setting. We sought to study the effects of an acute intravenous (IV) infusion of iloprost on right ventricular (RV) contractility in a rat model of chronic PAH. Rats were treated with monocrotaline, 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally, to induce PAH. Six weeks later, baseline hemodynamic assessment was performed with pressure‐volume and Doppler flow measurements. In one group of animals, measurements were repeated 10–15 minutes after IV infusion of a fixed dose of iloprost (20 μg/kg). A separate group of rats underwent dose‐response assessment. RV contractility and RV–pulmonary artery coupling were assessed by the end‐systolic pressure‐volume relationship (ESPVR) and end‐systolic elastance/effective arterial elastance (Ees/Ea). RV cardiomyocytes were isolated, and intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) concentration was measured with a cAMP‐specific enzyme immunoassay kit. Animals had evidence of PAH and RV hypertrophy. Right ventricle/(left ventricle + septum) weight was 0.40 ± 0.03. RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was 39.83 ± 1.62 mmHg. Administration of iloprost demonstrated an increase in the slope of the ESPVR from 0.29 ± 0.02 to 0.42 ± 0.05 (P <. 05). Ees/Ea increased from 0.63 ± 0.07 to 0.82 ± 0.06 (P <. 05). The RV contractility index (max dP/dt normalized for instantaneous pressure) increased from 94.11 to 114.5/s (P <. 05), as did the RV ejection fraction, from 48.0% to 52.5% (P <. 05). This study suggests a positive inotropic effect of iloprost on a rat model of chronic PAH.
Posterior Distraction and Instrumentation Cannot Always Reduce Displaced and Rotated Posterosuperior Fracture Fragments in Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture
Authors: Wang Xiao-Bin , Lü Guo-Hua , Li Jing , Wang Bing , Lu Chang , Phan Kevin 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
A retrospective clinical study.

Objective:
To determine the imaging features that can be used to predict failure of reduction of a retropulsed fracture fragment by posterior ligamentotaxis in thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Summary of Background Data:
Posterior instrumentation and distraction with ligamentotaxis has been successfully used to shift retropulsed fragments anteriorly in thoracolumbar burst fractures. However, posterior longitudinal ligament rupture can lead to treatment failure. The exact preoperative radiographical parameters associated with failure of reduction remain unknown.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 85 patients who suffered from thoracolumbar burst fractures with significant retropulsion of fragments into the spinal canal, as confirmed by preoperative computed tomography and followed by postoperative computed tomography, were retrospectively analyzed. Seventy-three patients (85.9%) in whom the fragments were reduced by ligamentotaxis were included in the reduced group. In 12 patients (14.1%), the fracture fragment in the spinal canal was not reduced, and these patients were included in the nonreduced group. Neurologic status was classified according to the scoring system of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA). The displaced distance and rotation angle of the fracture fragment were measured at the fractured segment.

Results:
Preoperatively,the average displacement distances into the spinal canal of rotated posterosuperior fragments was 0.53 cm in the reduced group and 0.94 cm in the nonreduced group (P=0.002). The average rotation angles of the fracture fragments were 43.2 degrees in the reduced group and 61.7 degrees in the nonreduced group (P=0.012). “Double cortical surfaces” of the fragment were observed in the nonreduced patients. Neurological function was evaluated and recorded at the 2-year follow-up examination. There was no significant difference in the ASIA recovery grade between the 2 groups (P=0.668).

Conclusions:
Displaced and rotated posterosuperior fracture fragments in thoracolumbar burst fracture cannot always be reduced by posterior ligamentotaxis. The 2 criteria for treatment failure that were most consistently present in our series were a displacement distance greater than 0.85 cm and a rotation angle greater than 55 degrees.
Genome-wide association study of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the maize nested association mapping population
Authors: Zhang Nengyi , Gibon Yves , Lepak Nicholas , Li Pinghua , Dedow Lauren , Chen Charles , So Yoon-Sup , Wallace Jason , Kremling Karl , Bradbury Peter , Brutnell Thomas , Stitt Mark , Buckler Edward 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCarbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism are critical to plant growth and development and at the basis of yield and adaptation. We have applied high throughput metabolite analyses to over 12,000 diverse field grown samples from the maize nested association mapping population. This allowed us to identify natural variation controlling the levels of twelve key C and N metabolites, often with single gene resolution. In addition to expected genes likeinvertases, critical natural variation was identified in key C4metabolism genes likecarbonic anhydrases and amalate transporter. Unlike prior maize studies, extensive pleiotropy was found for C and N metabolites. This integration of field-derived metabolite data with powerful mapping and genomics resources allows dissection of key metabolic pathways, providing avenues for future genetic improvement.
FORMAL: A model to identify organisms present in metagenomes using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Silva Genivaldo Gueiros Z. , Dutilh Bas E. , Edwards Robert A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOne of the major goals in metagenomics is to identify organisms present in the microbial community from a huge set of unknown DNA sequences. This profiling has valuable applications in multiple important areas of medical research such as disease diagnostics. Nevertheless, it is not a simple task, and many approaches that have been developed are slow and depend on the read length of the DNA sequences. Here we introduce an innovative and agile approach which k-mer and Monte Carlo simulation to profile and report abundant organisms present in metagenomic samples and their relative abundance without sequence length dependencies. The program was tested with a simulated metagenomes, and the results show that our approach predicts the organisms in microbial communities and their relative abundance.
Introns structure patterns of variation in nucleotide composition inArabidopsis thalianaand rice protein-coding genes
Authors: Ressayre Adrienne , Glémin Sylvain , Montalent Pierre , Serre-Giardi Laurana , Dillmann Christine , Joets Johann 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlant genomes are large, intron-rich and present a wide range of variation in coding regionG+Ccontent. Concerning coding regions, a sort of syndrome can be described in plants: the increase inG+Ccontent is associated with both the increase in heterogeneity among genes within a genome and the increase in variation across genes. Taking advantage of the large number of genes composing plant genomes and the wide range of variation in gene intron number, we performed a comprehensive survey of the patterns of variation inG+Ccontent at different scales from the nucleotide level to the genome scale in two speciesArabidopsis thalianaandOryza sativa, comparing the patterns in genes with different intron numbers. In both species, we observed a pervasive effect of gene intron number and location along genes onG+Ccontent, codon and amino acid frequencies suggesting that in both species, introns have a barrier effect structuringG+Ccontent along genes. In external gene regions (located upstream first or downstream last intron), species-specific factors are shapingG+Ccontent while in internal gene regions (surrounded by introns),G+Ccontent is constrained to remain within a range common to both species. In rice, introns appear as a major determinant of geneG+Ccontent while inA. thalianaintrons have a weaker but significant effect. The structuring effect of introns in both species is susceptible to explain theG+Ccontent syndrome observed in plants.
Using phishing experiments and scenario-based surveys to understand security behaviours in practice
Authors: Rocha Flores Waldo , Holm Hannes , Svensson Gustav , Ericsson Göran 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of the study was threefold: to understand security behaviours in practice by investigating factors that may cause an individual to comply with a request posed by a perpetrator; to investigate if adding information about the victim to an attack increases the probability of the attack being successful; and, finally, to investigate if there is a correlation between self-reported and observed behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
– Factors for investigation were identified based on a review of existing literature. Data were collected through a scenario-based survey, phishing experiments, journals and follow-up interviews in three organisations.

Findings
– The results from the experiment revealed that the degree of target information in an attack increased the likelihood that an organisational employee falls victim to an actual attack. Further, an individual’s trust and risk behaviour significantly affected the actual behaviour during the phishing experiment. Computer experience at work, helpfulness and gender (females tend to be less susceptible to a generic attack than men), had a significant correlation with behaviour reported by respondents in the scenario-based survey. No correlation between the results from the scenario-based survey and the experiments was found.

Research limitations/implications
– One limitation is that the scenario-based survey may have been interpreted differently by the participants. Another is that controlling how the participants reacted when receiving the phishing mail, and what actually triggered each and every participant to click on the attached link, was not possible. Data were however collected to capture these aspects during and after the experiments. In conclusion, the results do not imply that one or the other method should be ruled out, as they have both advantages and disadvantages which should be considered in the context of collecting data in the critical domain of information security.

Originality/value
– Two different methods to collect data to understand security behaviours have rarely been used in previous research. Studies that add target information to understand if such information could increase the probability of attack success is sparse. This paper includes both approaches.
Exploring the blurred nature of strategic linkages across the BSC
Authors: Francioli Francesca , Cinquini Lino 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The research aims at addressing the way in which linkages based on qualitative causality could be preferred in designing a balanced scorecard (BSC), by applying a cost-benefit judgment with respect to the complexity of defining strong, statistically reliable cause-and-effect relations among performance measures.Design/methodology/approach– The authors review the way in which cause-and-effect relations across the BSC have been developed based on a case study of BSC implemented in an Italian bank collecting data by in-depth interviews and company’s internal archives.Findings– The research reveals how the ambiguity, or “blurred nature”, of strategic linkages is recognized in the empirical setting of an bank, facing a highly uncertain and complex environment and how the orthodox tools of strategy maps and explicit cause-and-effect linkages prescribed by the theoretical literature are avoided by the human actors. Despite these omissions, the BSC is nevertheless effective. As the case shows, it generated a “democracy” where individuals and departments communicate, commit and collaborate in an effort to implement strategy. The research also shows the role of the BSC in heightening the importance and awareness of performance evaluation among the actors.Practical implications– The research provides practitioners with insights into how to design and manage cause-and-effect relationships in BSC. In particular, evidence is provided that finality linkages in BSC may be successful in use and predictive capabilities, according with expectations and purposes of the organization’s “climate of control”, in a context in which the cost-benefit philosophy in implementing BSC is followed.Originality/value– The paper addresses an issue of practical relevance in the implementation of BSC showing a discrepancy between theoretical and practical meaning of causality. Besides the research highlights, the extent to which linkages across the BSC perspectives (and related measures and variables) can only be based on individual assumptions about the means to an end and based on qualitative assertions (finality).
Reintegrating socially excluded individuals through a social enterprise intervention
Authors: Seddon Fred , Hazenberg Richard , Denny Simon 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The aim of this research project is to reveal participant perceptions of a Social Enterprise Intervention (SEI) programme, run by a social enterprise and designed to reintegrate socially excluded individuals into society.Design/methodology/approach– The research participants were the social entrepreneur, staff at the social enterprise, the SEI programme attendees and a representative from an external referral agency. Participants engaged in semi-structured interviews with a researcher designed to elicit participant perceptions of the programme.Findings– Results of the analysis of the interviews revealed six emergent themes that were interpreted by the researchers as: “social mission focus”, “heroic social entrepreneur”, “social impact”, “recidivism”, “the programme” and “programme attendees”. Results of the analysis reveal that all research participants reported the programme helped to re-socialise the programme attendees and increased their self-confidence and self-esteem. Participants also believed programme attendees acquired important skills and qualifications in general warehouse activities and forklift truck driving, which would greatly increase their future employability. Programme attendees indicated the “real world” working environment was important to their feelings of success on the programme.Originality/value– This paper identifies a hybrid SEI programme based upon the “vision” of a “heroic” social entrepreneur. It also identifies the advantages of the “real” working environment in increasing the employability of socially excluded individuals whilst, at the same time, increasing their social skills.
More for less: sampling strategies of plant functional traits across local environmental gradients
Authors: Carmona Carlos P. , Rota Cristina , Azcárate Francisco M. , Peco Begoña 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Ecologists use approaches based on plant functional traits to tackle several fundamental and applied questions. Although a perfect characterization of functional trait structure requires the measurement of all the individuals in communities, this is prohibitively resource‐consuming. Consequently, the general practice is to average the trait values of a reduced number of individuals per species. However, there are different alternatives regarding the number, identity and spatial location of the individuals chosen to calculate species‐averaged trait values.

In this study, we compared different strategies for sampling functional traits, using community‐weighted mean trait values (CWM) and the Rao index of functional diversity (FD). We intensively sampled the functional trait structure along a topographical gradient in a Mediterranean grassland, obtaining accurate estimations of the ‘real’ values of these indices (CWMI and FDI) for three traits (height, leaf area and specific leaf area).

We simulated three different sampling strategies differing in the spatial location of the individuals used to estimate species‐mean trait: (i) average of the whole gradient (GLO), (ii) average of the sampling unit in which the abundances of species maximize (MAX) and (iii) average of a reduced number of individuals per species and sampling unit (LOC). For each strategy, we simulated different sampling intensities (number of individuals sampled).

For each trait, we examined the ability of each strategy and sampling intensity to accurately estimate CWMI and FDI, as well as their ability to detect changes in functional trait structure along the topographical gradient.

LOC outperformed the other strategies in terms of accuracy and bias, and was much more efficient to describe changes along the gradient, regardless of the traits and indicators considered. Furthermore, LOC was the only strategy that improved consistently as sampling intensity increased, especially at low levels of intensity.

Our results indicate that the impact of considering intraspecific variability in trait values can be greater than commonly assumed. Strategies that neglect this source of variability can result in inaccurate or biased estimations of the functional trait structure of plant communities. Most importantly, we show that intraspecific variability can be taken into consideration without any increases in the total number of individuals measured.