bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formalization of Generalized Almost Distributive Lattices
Authors: Grabowski Adam 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Almost Distributive Lattices (ADL) are structures defined by Swamy and Rao [14] as a common abstraction of some generalizations of the Boolean algebra. In our paper, we deal with a certain further generalization of ADLs, namely the Generalized Almost Distributive Lattices (GADL). Our main aim was to give the formal counterpart of this structure and we succeeded formalizing all items from the Section 3 of Rao et al.’s paper [13]. Essentially among GADLs we can find structures which are neither V-commutative nor Λ-commutative (resp., Λ-commutative); consequently not all forms of absorption identities hold.
We characterized some necessary and sufficient conditions for commutativity and distributivity, we also defined the class of GADLs with zero element. We tried to use as much attributes and cluster registrations as possible, hence many identities are expressed in terms of adjectives; also some generalizations of wellknown notions from lattice theory [11] formalized within the Mizar Mathematical Library were proposed. Finally, some important examples from Rao’s paper were introduced. We construct the example of GADL which is not an ADL. Mechanization of proofs in this specific area could be a good starting point towards further generalization of lattice theory [10] with the help of automated theorem provers [8].
Physical Therapists' Views and Experiences of Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain and the Role of Acupuncture: Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Waterfield Jackie , Bartlam Bernadette , Bishop Annette , Holden Melanie A. , Barlas Panos , Foster Nadine E. 
Published: May 2015

Background
Low back pain is often accepted as a “normal” part of pregnancy. Despite research suggesting that quality of life for women who are pregnant is adversely affected, most are advised to self-manage. Although the use of acupuncture for the management of persistent nonspecific low back pain has been recommended in recent UK national guidelines, its use in the management of pregnancy-related low back pain remains limited.

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of physical therapists involved in treating women who are pregnant and have low back pain with the objective of informing the pretrial training program for a pilot randomized trial (Evaluating Acupuncture and Standard care for pregnant womEn with Back pain [EASE Back]).

Design
A qualitative phenomenological method with purposive sampling was used in the study.

Methods
Three focus groups and 3 individual semistructured interviews were undertaken, and an iterative exploratory thematic analysis was performed. To ensure transparency of the research process and the decisions made, an audit trail was created.

Results
Twenty-one physical therapists participated, and emergent issues included: a lack of experience in treating pregnancy-related complaints, mixed messages from previous acupuncture education, a mistrust of the current evidence for acupuncture safety and effectiveness, and personal and professional fear of causing harm.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that UK physical therapists are reluctant to use acupuncture in the management of pregnancy-related low back pain. The explanations for these findings include perceived lack of knowledge and confidence, as well as a pervasive professional culture of caution, particularly fears of inducing early labor and of litigation. These findings have been key to informing the content of the training program for physical therapists delivering acupuncture within the pilot EASE Back trial.
Effect of steroid use in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jeyamohan Shiveindra B. , Kenning Tyler J. , Petronis Karen A. , Feustel Paul J. , Drazin Doniel , DiRisio Darryl J. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an effective procedure for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy; however, postoperative dysphagia is a significant concern. Dexamethasone, although potentially protective against perioperative dysphagia and airway compromise, could inhibit fusion, a generally proinflammatory process. The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study of the effects of steroids on swallowing, the airway, and arthrodesis related to multilevel anterior cervical reconstruction in patients who were undergoing ACDF at Albany Medical Center between 2008 and 2012. The objective of this study was to determine if perioperative steroid use improves perioperative dysphagia and airway edema.

METHODS
A total of 112 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive saline or dexamethasone. Data gathered included demographics, functional status (including modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association myelopathy score, neck disability index, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey score, and patient-reported visual analog scale score of axial and radiating pain), functional outcome swallowing scale score, interval postoperative imaging, fusion status, and complications/reoperations. Follow-up was performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and CT was performed 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery for fusion assessment.

RESULTS
Baseline demographics were not significantly different between the 2 groups, indicating adequate randomization. In terms of patient-reported functional and pain-related outcomes, there were no differences in the steroid and placebo groups. However, the severity of dysphagia in the postoperative period up to 1 month proved to be significantly lower in the steroid group than in the placebo group (p = 0.027). Furthermore, airway difficulty and a need for intubation trended toward significance in the placebo group (p = 0.057). Last, fusion rates at 6 months proved to be significantly lower in the steroid group but lost significance at 12 months (p = 0.048 and 0.57, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Dexamethasone administered perioperatively significantly improved swallowing function and airway edema and shortened length of stay. It did not affect pain, functional outcomes, or long-term swallowing status. However, it significantly delayed fusion, but the long-term fusion rates remained unaffected.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01065961 (clinicaltrials.gov)
The occipitofrontal circumference: reliable prediction of the intracranial volume in children with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis
Authors: Rijken Bianca Francisca Maria , den Ottelander Bianca Kelly , van Veelen Marie-Lise Charlotte , Lequin Maarten Hans , Mathijssen Irene Margreet Jacqueline 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
Patients with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis are characterized by the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. These patients are at risk for developing elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). There are several factors known to contribute to elevated ICP in these patients, including craniocerebral disproportion, hydrocephalus, venous hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. However, the causal mechanism is unknown, and patients develop elevated ICP even after skull surgery. In clinical practice, the occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) is used as an indirect measure for intracranial volume (ICV), to evaluate skull growth. However, it remains unknown whether OFC is a reliable predictor of ICV in patients with a severe skull deformity. Therefore, in this study the authors evaluated the relation between ICV and OFC.

METHODS
Eighty-four CT scans obtained in 69 patients with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis treated at the Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital were included. The ICV was calculated based on CT scans by using autosegmentation with an HU threshold < 150. The OFC was collected from electronic patient files. The CT scans and OFC measurements were matched based on a maximum amount of the time that was allowed between these examinations, which was dependent on age. A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the correlations between OFC and ICV. The predictive value of OFC, age, and sex on ICV was then further evaluated using a univariate linear mixed model. The significant factors in the univariate analysis were subsequently entered in a multivariate mixed model.

RESULTS
The correlations found between OFC and ICV were r = 0.908 for the total group (p < 0.001), r = 0.981 for Apert (p < 0.001), r = 0.867 for Crouzon-Pfeiffer (p < 0.001), r = 0.989 for Muenke (p < 0.001), r = 0.858 for Saethre- Chotzen syndrome (p = 0.001), and r = 0.917 for complex craniosynostosis (p < 0.001). Age and OFC were significant predictors of ICV in the univariate linear mixed model (p < 0.001 for both factors). The OFC was the only predictor that remained significant in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The OFC is a significant predictor of ICV in patients with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis. Therefore, measuring the OFC during clinical practice is very useful in determining which patients are at risk for impaired skull growth.
Growth and early laying performance of a broiler parent stock in an open-sided house under restricted feeding
Authors: Rahman MR , Chowdhury SD , Hossain ME , Ahammed M 
Published: May 2015

An experiment was carried out with SHAVER Starbro broiler parent stock from one day old to the point of peak production to investigate the growth, early laying performance and their adaptability during brooding, growing and early laying periods. The experimental period was divided into five phases, phase I (0  2nd week), phase II (3rd  8th week), phase III (9th  22nd week), phase IV (23rd  sexual maturity), phase V (sexual maturity to peak production). The experiment was carried out in an open sided house and management practices of birds were close to the recommendation of the broiler breeder. It may be concluded that it is possible to achieve standard body weight of SHAVER Starbro broiler parent stock under Bangladesh condition even sometimes with lower amounts of feed allocations as specified by breeder. The birds reach sexual maturity at 31st week, later than the breeders standard (23rd week) and the persistency in peak production is shorter but egg weight ranges from 53g to 60g, suitable for hatching. Mycoplasmosis appears to be major health problem, affecting performance. Use of sand is not suitable as a litter material for the management, as the birds consume a lot of sand under restricted feeding program. It may be suggested that SHAVER Starbro broiler parent stock could be reared under Bangladesh condition for the production of hatching eggs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23141 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 44 (1): 40-45
Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf on the efficiency to increase protein supply to ruminants
Authors: Karim RA , Amin MR , Moniruzzaman M , Sarker MB , Kabir AKMA 
Published: May 2015

Moringa oleifera leaf was investigated for nutritional quality, presence of tannins and its activity using polyethyelene glycol (PEG) and in vitro study of protein degradation in the rumen. The antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), Monensin was used as an external control to compare with the degradation of Moringa leaves. The different forms of tannin content in Moringa leaves were very negligible. Total phenol, total tannin, condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin contents of Moringa leaves were 3.92±0.42, 1.19±0.14, 0.57±0.06 and 0.07±0.02 mg/g, respectively. The in vitro gas production, organic matter digestibility (OMD%) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of Moringa leaves were 54.39 ml, 77.44% and 11.14 MJ/kgDM, respectively. There were no significant differences in gas production, in vitro OMD% and ME content in the presence of tannin binding agent PEG. These results indicated that the different forms of tannin present in Moringa leaves are not active tannins, therefore, feeding Moringa leaves are safe for the ruminant animals. The kinetic study of in vitro gas production with Moringa leaves and Monensin showed almost similar results and there was no significant difference among them but higher values were found in the control indicated that Moringa leaves have the ability to inhibit the breakdown of protein in the rumen as of Monensin. On the contrary, soluble protein concentration was increased 182% with the addition of Moringa leaves compared to control and the values were almost close (213%) with Monensin during the 12h incubation period. The pellet protein concentration was also increased (119%) with Moringa leaves and Monensin (115%) compared to control although there was no significant difference between them. Therefore, it can be concluded from the present findings that feeding Moringa leaves appeared to be an alternative source of protein and are safe for ruminant animals. Moringa leaves have been shown to alter favorably ruminal protein fermentation characteristics thus spare protein by a decreased breakdown/deamination of protein/amino acids that functions as of Monensin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23142 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 44 (1): 46-51
Effect of dietary formic acid as replacement of streptomycin on growth and nutrient digestibility in broiler
Authors: Ndelekwute EK , Afolabi KD , Uzegbu HO , Essien EB 
Published: May 2015

An eight week feeding trial was carried out to compare the effect of antibiotic growth promoter (streptomycin) (AGP) and formic acid (FA) on growth and nutrient digestibility in broiler. A number of 150 day old (Hubbard strain) birds were allocated in 05 dietary groups viz. control, control with 0.02% AGP, control with 0.25% FA, control with 0.50% FA, control with 0.75% FA. Each group was replicated thrice having 10 birds and the birds were fed diet and water ad libitum for 8 weeks. Apparent digestibility of nutrients was determined at the end of the experiment. A significantly (p<0.05) reduced feed intake, improved feed: gain ratio and protein utilization were obtained for starter broilers fed 0.02% AGP, 0.5% FA and 0.75% FA. During finisher phase, AGP and 0.5% FA performed better in live weight, feed conversion ratio and protein utilization. Streptomycin and all the levels of FA resulted to better protein and ether extract digestibility. It may be suggested to use 0.50% FA in the diet of broilers in place of antibiotics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23146 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 44 (1): 69-74
Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of hypoglycemic properties of the root extract of <i>Uveria chamae</i>
Authors: Emeka Emordi Jonathan , Oluwatoyin Agbaje Esther , Adekunle Oreagba Ibrahim , Ignis Iribhogbe Osede 
Published: May 2015

<p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycaemic properties and preliminary phytochemical screening of <em>Uveria chamae</em>. The hypoglycaemic properties of <em>Uveria chamae</em> was assessed on normoglycaemic rat that received single dose of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight and blood glucose levels estimated at 2, 4, and 6 hours (single dose study). The hypoglycaemic property of the extract was also evaluated in normoglycemic rats by oral glucose tolerance test. Phytochemical screening of the extract for the presence of secondary metabolites was performed with standard methods. The extract showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels at 2h and 6h compared to control. The oral glucose tolerance test result also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in blood glucose levels . The study showed that the extract, <em>Uveria chamae</em> has hypoglycaemic properties which may be accounted for by the presence of the phytochemicals.</p><p> </p>
Studies of <i>in vitro</i> anti-prostate cancer potential of newer 1,2,4-triazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazines with different heteroaromatics
Authors: Fan Mao-Chuan , Han Guang-Ye , Zhang Xin-Jun , Xi Hui-Fang 
Published: May 2015

<p>This study was aimed to evaluate anticancer potential of newer synthesize 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazines and its derivatives. All newly furnished scaffolds were subjected to screening for their in vitro anticancer potential against DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines using SRB and MMT bioassays. The structures of final compounds were confirmed with the aid of FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy and CHN analysis. Bioassay studies suggested that all thiadiazines were promising cytotoxic agents with % cytotoxicity ranging from 44.39-71.24%, whereas potent GI<sub>50</sub> level in the range 11.96-32.51 µg/mL and results were comparable to the potencies of control drugs adriamycin and doxorubicin. Variation of heterocyclic pharmacophores along with the C-5 position of 1,2,4-triazole in terms of quinoline, quinazoline, coumarin and pyridine lead to the different SAR predictions in which quinoline and benzimidazole moieties found most promising.</p><p> </p>
<i>In vitro</i> antioxidant, antifungal and cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of <i>Calligonum polygonoides</i>
Authors: Khan Arif , Khan Rahmat Ali , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia 
Published: May 2015

<p>Present study is aimed at the pharmacological characterization of methanol extract of <em>Calligonum polygonoides</em> from District Bannu. Dried plant was grounded and extracted with methanol to prepare methanol crud extract. <em>In vitro</em> biological assays were conducted using this methanolic extract according to standard protocol. Cytotoxic activity of plant methanolic extract against brine shrimps while antifungal activity was also measured. Eighty percent death rate of brine shrimp was observed at 1,000 μg/mL of plant extract. 70 ± 0.0% growth inhibition of <em>Aspergillus niger</em> was measured during the present study. Significant scavenging results were observed during scavenging of free radicles viz; 78.1% against DPPH, 83.1% to ABTS and 36% against superoxide at 500 μg/mL were obtained. The results obtained in this study indicate that <em>C. polygonoides</em> possess significant antioxidant, antifungal and cytotoxic bioactive compounds.</p>
Efficacy of prednisolone for children with acute bronchiolitis having family history of atopy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mollah Md Abid Hossain , Hasan Khondokar Jahirul , Rahman M Ekhlasur , Rahman Shegufta 
Published: May 2015

Objective : To determine the efficacy of oral prednisolone among children with acute bronchiolitis who have associated family history of atopy.Materials and Methods : This randomized double blind placebo controlled trial was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital during July08 to June10. A total of sixty patients (1-24 months) of acute bronchiolitis who had family history of atopy (e.g. allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, eczema) were enrolled. After enrollment, allocation of either prednisolone or placebo to the study subjects were done randomly by lottery method and the researcher remained blind about the allocation. Finally 30 cases received prednisoloneorally at a dose of 2mg/kg/day 8 hourly for 3 consecutive days and 30 cases received placebo (made of flour). In addition, both the groups got same supportive measures. During intervention, study subjects were monitored by Modified Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (MRDAI) score twice daily for consecutive 3 days. Duration of oxygen therapy as well as length of hospital stay was also determined. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results : The respiratory rate, accessory muscle use and auscultatory finding scores were significantly declined in Prednisolone group than the placebo group (p<.05). However, cyanosis score though declined in both groups, the difference was not significant (p>.05). Mean duration of oxygen therapy needed in Prednisolone group was significantly lesser than the placebo group (13.7 vs 24.1 hours; P<.01). Similarly, the length of hospital stay was shorter in prednisolone group than in placebo group (3.3 vs 4.6days; p<.01).Conclusions : Three days of oral prednisolone therapy along with supportive measures was found to be significantly useful among children with acute bronchiolitis having family history of atopy in terms of clinical recovery, oxygen requirement and duration of hospital stayNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 9-11
The FDA-Approved Drug Irbesartan Inhibits HBV-Infection in HepG2 Cells Stably Expressing Sodium Taurocholate Co-Transporting Polypeptide
Authors: Ko Chunkyu , Park Woo-Jin , Park Sanghyun , Kim Seungtaek , Windisch Marc P , Ryu Wang-Shick 
Published: May 2015

Background Little is known about the early steps of the HBV life cycle due to the lack of susceptible cells permissive for viral infection. Hence, viral entry has not been exploited for antiviral targets, but the recent seminal discovery of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) as the cellular receptor for HBV entry opened up many avenues of investigation, making HBV entry amenable to therapeutic intervention. Methods In order to exploit HBV entry, we established a HepG2-NTCP cell line that supports HBV infection. Over 70% of cells were infected at a dose of 104 genome equivalents (GEq) per cell. Several FDA-approved drugs with NTCP-inhibiting activity were tested for their ability to inhibit HBV infection of the cell line. Results Consistent with their NTCP inhibitory activities, our results showed that several of them inhibit HBV infection. In particular, irbesartan, a drug used for the treatment of hypertension, inhibits HBV infection at the 50% effective concentration value of 35 μM. Conclusions The observation that the pharmacological inhibitors of the NTCP transporter could block HBV entry suggests that NTCP represents an attractive molecular target for therapeutic intervention in HBV infection.
Les nouvelles thérapies par Internet
Authors: Bergström Jan 
Published: May 2015

Cet article propose une synthèse du développement scientifique du traitement psychologique par Internet, en explicitant et discutant ses traits caractéristiques. L’auteur y compare ce type de soin avec la psychothérapie traditionnelle et dessine les enjeux que revêtent les traitements sur Internet dans le champ de la psychothérapie ; avant tout au niveau théorique mais aussi au niveau pratique. Plus précisément, il met en évidence les nombreux facteurs indiquant que les thérapies utilisant Internet constituent, cent ans après la naissance de la discipline, un défi profond et durable pour la psychothérapie.
Espace urbain et stratification sociale
Authors: Beauchamps Margot 
Published: May 2015

Dans quelle mesure la diffusion d’Internet modifie-t-elle les contraintes spatiales et temporelles qui s’exercent sur les activités humaines ? Réduit-elle l’inégale répartition des ressources sur les territoires et surtout l’inégale accessibilité à ces ressources ? Dans une démarche d’observation participante couplée à des entretiens, deux quartiers d’une même agglomération placés en zone urbaine sensible, l’un central et l’autre périphérique, ont été étudiés : l’article décrit comment leurs habitants se sont appropriés ou non Internet dans la réalisation de certains actes quotidiens, comme la recherche d’emploi par exemple, pour discuter des possibles effets du média sur l’inscription spatiale des inégalités sociales. L’article commence par revenir sur l’approche géographique des inégalités, rappelant la nécessaire dénaturalisation de la répartition spatiale des catégories sociales et explicitant en particulier la notion d’accessibilité. La manière dont les nouvelles technologies et Internet en particulier viennent bousculer ces problématiques, puisqu’elles modifient les conditions d’accès à certaines ressources, sera ensuite précisée, de même que le protocole d’enquête utilisé ici pour mesurer la réalité de ces transformations. Si l’analyse des résultats révèle alors des comportements en évolution – assez semblables d’ailleurs entre les deux quartiers – et même l’existence de stratégies, chez les non-usagers d’Internet, pour s’affranchir de la dépendance numérique, les inégalités spatiales tendent plutôt à se consolider, nouvelle preuve de la cumulativité des différentes formes d’inégalités.