bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral Epistemology and Ideological Conflict in American Political Behavior*
Authors: Gibson Troy , Hare Christopher 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe nature and extent of polarization in the American electorate remains fiercely disputed. This study investigates the depth of ideological and value cleavages in political behavior by examining the influence of adherence to three categories of moral epistemology: premodern (morality is absolute, and stems from the guidance of a supernatural source), modern (morality is absolute, and can be determined through scientific and rational means), and postmodern (morality is nonabsolute, and stems from the subjective values of individuals or groups).MethodsMultiple correspondence analysis and multiple regression are used to analyze data from Pew's 2008 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey.ResultsPremodern adherence exerts a general rightward effect and postmodern adherence exerts a general leftward effect on political attitudes. Among politically attentive respondents, moral epistemology promotes ideological constraint across the economic, social, and foreign policy issue domains.ConclusionThese findings indicate that ideological divisions in the American electorate are at least partly reflective of fundamental differences in beliefs about the nature and sources of moral knowledge.
Ribosome profiling reveals dynamic translational landscape in maize seedlings under drought stress
Authors: Lei Lei , Shi Junpeng , Chen Jian , Zhang Mei , Sun Silong , Xie Shaojun , Li Xiaojie , Zeng Biao , Peng Lizeng , Hauck Andrew , Zhao Haiming , Song Weibin , Fan Zaifeng , Lai Jinsheng 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPlants can respond to environmental changes with various mechanisms occurred at transcriptional and translational levels. Thus far, there have been relatively extensive understandings of stress responses of plants on transcriptional level, while little information is known about that on translational level. To uncover the landscape of translation in plants in response to drought stress, we performed the recently developed ribosome profiling assay with maize seedlings growing under normal and drought conditions. Comparative analysis of the ribosome profiling data and the RNA‐seq data showed that the fold changes of gene expression at transcriptional level were moderately correlated with that of translational level globally (R2 = 0.69). However, less than half of the responsive genes were shared by transcription and translation under drought condition, suggesting that drought stress can introduce transcriptional and translational responses independently. We found that the translational efficiencies of 931 genes were changed significantly in response to drought stress. Further analysis revealed that the translational efficiencies of genes were highly influenced by their sequence features including GC content, length of coding sequences and normalized minimal free energy. In addition, we detected potential translation of 3063 upstream open reading frames (uORFs) on 2558 genes and these uORFs may affect the translational efficiency of downstream main open reading frames (ORFs). Our study indicates that plant can respond to drought stress with highly dynamic translational mechanism, that acting synergistically with that of transcription.
A and D genomes spatial separation at somatic metaphase in tetraploid cotton: evidence for genomic disposition in a polyploid plant
Authors: Han Jinlei , Zhou Baoliang , Shan Wenbo , Yu Liying , Wu Weiren , Wang Kai 
Published: November 2015

SummaryChromosomal dispositions were analyzed on the metaphase plate of tetraploid cotton (AADD). At metaphase, the two subgenomes, A and D, were separated in a radial pattern in which the small D subgenome chromosomes tended to concentrate at the center and the large A subgenome chromosomes were scattered about the periphery on the metaphase plate. Although the ordered chromosome arrangement was disturbed in an artificial hexaploid (AADDGG), the separation pattern could be recovered after the majority of the additional genome (GG) chromosomes were removed by backcrossing the artificial hexaploid with the tetraploid cotton (AADD). A similar genome separation phenomenon was also found in synthesized tetraploid cotton (AAGG). These results indicate that the genome separation pattern could be established immediately after tetraploid cotton formation and could be stably inherited in tetraploid cotton. Given the evidence of parental genome separation in other plants and animals, we speculated that genome separation might be a normal phenomenon in diploid and polyploid species. These finding will shed light on the chromosome conformation in plant cells.
“SCIENCE–RELIGION SAMVADA” AND THE INDIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Balslev Anindita Niyogi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article seeks to delineate some of the fundamental philosophical traits that are special characteristics of the Indian cultural soil. Tracing these from the Vedic period, it is shown that this heritage is still alive and gives a distinctive flavor to the science–religion dialogue in the Indian context. The prevalent attitude is not to view science and religion as antagonistic, but rather as forces that together could create a world where the persistent epistemological and ethical problems can get resolved to the benefit of humanity. In Indian thought rationality and spirituality are not viewed as opposed categories. The notion of “evidence” has played a crucial role in all enquiries for legitimizing the sources of knowledge and the criteria by which any claim to knowledge can be tested. References to investigations pertaining to such areas as cosmology, ecology, ethics, study of consciousness, and so on are made in order to bring out their relevance for science–religion dialogue today.
“Candidatus Finniella” (Rickettsiales, Alphaproteobacteria), Novel Endosymbionts of Viridiraptorid Amoeboflagellates (Cercozoa, Rhizaria)
Authors: Hess Sebastian , Suthaus Andreas , Melkonian Michael 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The
Rickettsiales
(
Alphaproteobacteria
) are obligate intracellular bacteria that colonize a wide range of eukaryotic hosts, including diverse metazoa and protists. Here, we characterize rickettsial endosymbionts discovered in the cytoplasm of the algivorous amoeboflagellates
Viridiraptor invadens
and
Orciraptor agilis
(Viridiraptoridae, Cercozoa, Rhizaria), supplying evidence of free-living, phagotrophic members of the Cercozoa serving as hosts for
Rickettsiales
. According to 16S rRNA gene phylogenies, the bacteria represent two closely related but distinct genotypes within a deep-branching rickettsial clade, which contains the genera “
Candidatus
Odyssella,” “
Candidatus
Paracaedibacter,” and “
Candidatus
Captivus.” Using the full-cycle rRNA approach, we detected the novel bacteria in four of nine viridiraptorid strains tested. Furthermore, two specific oligonucleotide probes with a single-nucleotide-difference discriminated both bacterial genotypes by fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH). We establish the candidate species “
Candidatus
Finniella inopinata” (found in
Viridiraptor invadens
) and “
Candidatus
Finniella lucida” (found in
Orciraptor agilis
) for the novel bacteria and propose a new, provisional family of
Rickettsiales
, “
Candidatus
Paracaedibacteraceae.”
Formation of
In Vitro
Mixed-Species Biofilms by Lactobacillus pentosus and Yeasts Isolated from Spanish-Style Green Table Olive Fermentations
Authors: León-Romero Ángela , Domínguez-Manzano Jesús , Garrido-Fernández Antonio , Arroyo-López Francisco Noé , Jiménez-Díaz Rufino 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The present work details the
in vitro
interactions between
Lactobacillus pentosus
and yeast strains isolated from table olive processing to form mixed biofilms. Among the different pairs assayed, the strongest biofilms were obtained from
L. pentosus
and
Candida boidinii
strain cocultures. However, biofilm formation was inhibited in the presence of
d
-(+)-mannose. In addition, biofilm formation by
C. boidinii
monoculture was stimulated in the absence of cell-cell contact with
L. pentosus
. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a sort of “sticky” material formed by the yeasts contributed to substrate adherence. Hence, the data obtained in this work suggest that yeast-lactobacilli biofilms may be favored by the presence of a specific mate of yeast and
L. pentosus
, and that more than one mechanism might be implicated in the biofilm formation. This knowledge will help in the design of appropriate mixed starter cultures of
L. pentosus
-yeast species pairs that are able to improve the quality and safety of Spanish-style green table olive processing.
A Two-Component
para
-Nitrophenol Monooxygenase Initiates a Novel 2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenol Catabolism Pathway in Rhodococcus imtechensis RKJ300
Authors: Min Jun , Zhang Jun-Jie , Zhou Ning-Yi 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus imtechensis
RKJ300 (DSM 45091) grows on 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP) and
para
-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources. In this study, by genetic and biochemical analyses, a novel 2C4NP catabolic pathway different from those of all other 2C4NP utilizers was identified with hydroxyquinol (hydroxy-1,4-hydroquinone or 1,2,4-benzenetriol [BT]) as the ring cleavage substrate. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the
pnp
cluster located in three operons is likely involved in the catabolism of both 2C4NP and PNP. The oxygenase component (PnpA1) and reductase component (PnpA2) of the two-component PNP monooxygenase were expressed and purified to homogeneity, respectively. The identification of chlorohydroquinone (CHQ) and BT during 2C4NP degradation catalyzed by PnpA1A2 indicated that PnpA1A2 catalyzes the sequential denitration and dechlorination of 2C4NP to BT and catalyzes the conversion of PNP to BT. Genetic analyses revealed that
pnpA1
plays an essential role in both 2C4NP and PNP degradations by gene knockout and complementation. In addition to catalyzing the oxidation of CHQ to BT, PnpA1A2 was also found to be able to catalyze the hydroxylation of hydroquinone (HQ) to BT, revealing the probable fate of HQ that remains unclear in PNP catabolism by Gram-positive bacteria. This study fills a gap in our knowledge of the 2C4NP degradation mechanism in Gram-positive bacteria and also enhances our understanding of the genetic and biochemical diversity of 2C4NP catabolism.
HipH Catalyzes the Hydroxylation of 4-Hydroxyisophthalate to Protocatechuate in 2,4-Xylenol Catabolism by Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 9866
Authors: Chao Hong-Jun , Chen Yan-Fei , Fang Ti , Xu Ying , Huang Wei E. , Zhou Ning-Yi 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

In addition to growing on
p
-cresol,
Pseudomonas putida
NCIMB 9866 is the only reported strain capable of aerobically growing on 2,4-xylenol, which is listed as a priority pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Several enzymes involved in the oxidation of the
para
-methyl group, as well as the corresponding genes, have previously been reported. The enzyme catalyzing oxidation of the catabolic intermediate 4-hydroxyisophthalate to the ring cleavage substrate protocatechuate was also purified from strain NCIMB 9866, but its genetic determinant is still unavailable. In this study, the gene
hipH
, encoding 4-hydroxyisophthalate hydroxylase, from strain NCIMB 9866 was cloned by transposon mutagenesis. Purified recombinant HipH-His
6
was found to be a dimer protein with a molecular mass of approximately 110 kDa. HipH-His
6
catalyzed the hydroxylation of 4-hydroxyisophthalate to protocatechuate with a specific activity of 1.54 U mg
−1
and showed apparent

K
m

values of 11.40 ± 3.05 μM for 4-hydroxyisophthalate with NADPH and 11.23 ± 2.43 μM with NADH and similar

K
m

values for NADPH and NADH (64.31 ± 13.16 and 72.76 ± 12.06 μM, respectively). The identity of protocatechuate generated from 4-hydroxyisophthalate hydroxylation by HipH-His
6
has also been confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Gene transcriptional analysis, gene knockout, and complementation indicated that
hipH
is essential for 2,4-xylenol catabolism but not for
p
-cresol catabolism in this strain. This fills a gap in our understanding of the gene that encodes a critical step in 2,4-xylenol catabolism and also provides another example of biochemical and genetic diversity of microbial catabolism of structurally similar compounds.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Pandoraea apista LMG 16407 Type Strain
Authors: Millard A. D. , Westblade L. F. , LiPuma J. J. , Vavikolanu K. , Read T. D. , Pallen M. J. , Burd E. M. , Constantinidou C. I. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Pandoraea
species, in particular
Pandoraea apista
, are opportunistic, multidrug-resistant pathogens in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). To aid in understanding the role of
P. apista
in CF lung disease, we used Illumina MiSeq and nanopore MinION technology to sequence the whole genome of the
P. apista
LMG 16407
T
.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Intermediate Rough Vaccine Strain Brucella abortus S19Δ
per
Mutant
Authors: Chaudhuri Pallab , Goswami T Tapas K. , Lalsiamthara Jonathan , Kaur Gurpreet , Vishnu Udayakumar S. , Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan , Gunasekaran Paramasamy , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genome sequence of the intermediate rough vaccine strain mutant,
Brucella abortus
S19Δ
per
. The length of the draft genome was 3,271,238 bp, with 57.2% G+C content. A total of 3,204 protein-coding genes and 56 RNA genes were predicted.
An evaluation of the epidemiology of medication discrepancies and clinical significance of medicines reconciliation in children admitted to hospital
Authors: Huynh Chi , Tomlin Stephen , Jani Yogini , Solanki Guirish A , Haley Helen , Smith Rachel E , Lowey Andrew , Sinclair Anthony , Wilson Keith A , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Terry David 
Published: November 2015

AimsTo determine the incidence of unintended medication discrepancies in paediatric patients at the time of hospital admission; evaluate the process of medicines reconciliation; assess the benefit of medicines reconciliation in preventing clinical harm.MethodA 5 month prospective multisite study. Pharmacists at four English hospitals conducted admission medicines reconciliation in children using a standardised data collection form. A discrepancy was defined as a difference between the patient's preadmission medication (PAM), compared with the initial admission medication orders written by the hospital doctor. The discrepancies were classified into intentional and unintentional discrepancies. The unintentional discrepancies were assessed for potential clinical harm by a team of healthcare professionals, which included doctors, pharmacists and nurses.ResultsMedicines reconciliation was conducted in 244 children admitted to hospital. 45% (109/244) of the children had at least one unintentional medication discrepancy between the PAM and admission medication order. The overall results indicated that 32% (78/244) of patients had at least one clinically significant unintentional medication discrepancy with potential to cause moderate 20% (50/244) or severe 11% (28/244) harm. No single source of information provided all the relevant details of a patient's medication history. Parents/carers provided the most accurate details of a patient's medication history in 81% of cases.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that in the absence of medicines reconciliation, children admitted to hospitals across England are at risk of harm from unintended medication discrepancies at the transition of care from the community to hospital. No single source of information provided a reliable medication history.
The combined effect of visit-to-visit variability in HbA1c and systolic blood pressure on the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Takao Toshiko , Matsuyama Yutaka , Suka Machi , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Iwamoto Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between long-term visit-to-visit variability in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 632 patients with type 2 diabetes and no history of CVD who first visited our hospital between 1995 and 1996, were followed-up for ≥1 year, attended at least 4 clinic visits and had at least 1 visit per year. Patients were followed until June 2012 at the latest, and mailed questionnaires.ResultsDuring the median follow-up period (15.4 years), 81 patients developed CVD. Multivariate analysis revealed that the coefficient of variation (CV) and the variation independent of mean (VIM) for HbA1c and SBP were significant predictors of CVD incidence independent of mean HbA1c and SBP. Patients were classified into 4 groups by median HbA1cCV and SBPCV values and by median HbA1cVIM and SBPVIM values. Among these groups, the HRs were highest in the high-HbA1cCV/high-SBPCV and high-HbA1cVIM/high-SBPVIM groups and were significantly higher compared with those in the low-HbA1cCV/low-SBPCV and low-HbA1cVIM/low-SBPVIM groups, respectively. Among patients with mean SBP≥130 mm Hg, the HRs associated with HbA1cCV and HbA1cVIM were drastically elevated compared with those with mean SBP<130 mm Hg (interaction p<0.05).ConclusionsLong-term visit-to-visit variability in HbA1c and SBP represented a combined and additive risk for CVD incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is suggested that a synergistic effect exists between HbA1c variability and mean SBP levels for CVD incidence.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists versus standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced prostate cancer A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Kunath Frank , Borgmann Hendrik , Blümle Anette , Keck Bastian , Wullich Bernd , Schmucker Christine , Sikic Danijel , Roelle Catharina , Schmidt Stefanie , Wahba Amr , Meerpohl Joerg J 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate efficacy and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists compared to standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced prostate cancer.SettingThe international review team included methodologists of the German Cochrane Centre and clinical experts.ParticipantsWe searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, trial registries and conference books for randomised controlled trials (RCT) for effectiveness data analysis, and randomised or non-randomised controlled studies (non-RCT) for safety data analysis (March 2015). Two authors independently screened identified articles, extracted data, evaluated risk of bias and rated quality of evidence according to GRADE.Results13 studies (10 RCTs, 3 non-RCTs) were included. No study reported cancer-specific survival or clinical progression. There were no differences in overall mortality (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.63 to 2.93), treatment failure (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.17) or prostate-specific antigen progression (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.06). While there was no difference in quality of life related to urinary symptoms, improved quality of life regarding prostate symptoms, measured with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), with the use of GnRH antagonists compared with the use of standard androgen suppression therapy (mean score difference −0.40, 95% CI −0.94 to 0.14, and −1.84, 95% CI −3.00 to −0.69, respectively) was found. Quality of evidence for all assessed outcomes was rated low according to GRADE. The risk for injection-site events was increased, but cardiovascular events may occur less often by using GnRH antagonist. Available evidence is hampered by risk of bias, selective reporting and limited follow-up.ConclusionsThere is currently insufficient evidence to make firm conclusive statements on the efficacy of GnRH antagonist compared to standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced prostate cancer. There is need for further high-quality research on GnRH antagonists with long-term follow-up.Trial registration numberCRD42012002751.
Systematic critical review of previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation during pregnancy
Authors: Jones Matthew , Lewis Sarah , Parrott Steve , Coleman Tim 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo identify and critically assess previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation interventions delivered during pregnancy.DesignQualitative review of studies with primary data collection or hypothetical modelling. Quality assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies checklist.Data sourcesElectronic search of 13 databases including Medline, Econlit, Embase, and PubMed, and manual search of the UK's National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines and US Surgeon General.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesAll study designs considered if they were published in English, evaluated a cessation intervention delivered to pregnant women during pregnancy, and reported any relevant economic evaluation metric (eg, cost per quitter, incremental cost per quality adjusted life year).Results18 studies were included. 18 evaluations were conducted alongside clinical trials, four were part of observational studies, five were hypothetical decision-analytic models and one combined modelling with within-trial analysis. Analyses conducted were cost-offset (nine studies), cost-effectiveness (five studies), cost-utility (two studies), and combined cost-effectiveness and cost-utility (two studies). Six studies each were identified as high, fair and poor quality, respectively. All interventions were demonstrated to be cost-effective except motivational interviewing which was dominated by usual care (one study). Areas where the current literature was limited were the robust investigation of uncertainty, including time horizons that included outcomes beyond the end of pregnancy, including major morbidities for the mother and her infant, and incorporating better estimates of postpartum relapse.ConclusionsThere are relatively few high quality economic evaluations of cessation interventions during pregnancy. The majority of the literature suggests that such interventions offer value for money; however, there are methodological issues that require addressing, including investigating uncertainty more robustly, utilising better estimates for postpartum relapse, extending beyond a within-pregnancy time horizon, and including major morbidities for the mother and her infant for within-pregnancy and beyond.