bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum perineal pain and its association with sub‐classified second‐degree tears and perineal trauma—A follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Edqvist Malin , Ajne Gunilla , Teleman Pia , Tegerstedt Gunilla , Rubertsson Christine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPostnatal perineal pain is prevalent following childbirth and can impact women both physically and emotionally. The aim of the study was to study the effect of collegial midwifery assistance on perineal pain and pain medication 1 month after birth and to investigate the associations between the type of tear and perineal pain, satisfaction with healing, and resumption of intercourse.Material and MethodsA follow‐up questionnaire was sent 1 month postpartum to women with a first spontaneous vaginal birth participating in a randomized controlled trial (Oneplus trial). Data were collected from December 2019 to May 2020. Differences in perineal pain between women attended by one or two midwives were analyzed according to intention‐to‐treat using bivariate analyses. Associations between the type of tear and perineal pain, satisfaction with healing, and resumption of sexual intercourse were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. The category no tear/first‐degree tear was compared separately to each of the other tear categories. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03770962.ResultsOut of 2233 women, 1762 responded within 30–60 days postpartum. Of women in the no tear/first‐degree tear category, 27.7% reported perineal pain during the past week, in contrast to women with OASI, where 64.2% reported perineal pain. Women with OASI experienced the highest odds of perineal pain (aOR 4.51, 95% CI 2.72–7.47) compared to those with no tear/first‐degree tear, followed by women with major second‐degree tears (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.45–2.41), women with an episiotomy (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.11–2.87), and those with minor second‐degree tears (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06–1.94). Women with episiotomy reported the highest odds ratios for dissatisfaction with tear healing (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.92–6.31). No significant differences in perineal pain and pain medication were observed between women allocated to collegial midwifery assistance and those allocated to standard care.ConclusionsWomen with OASI reported the highest odds of perineal pain 30–60 days after birth compared to women with no tear or first‐degree tear, followed by women with major second‐degree tears. Women subjected to an episiotomy reported highest odds ratios of dissatisfaction with tear healing.
Behavioral reasoning theory perspectives on voluntary social insurance: The roles of collectivism and long‐term orientation
Authors: Hien Nguyen Ngoc , Liem Vo Tan , Ghi Tran Nha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVoluntary social insurance is part of Vietnam's social security system, aimed at stabilizing the lives of laborers, ensuring their safety and lifelong quality of life. To motivate workers to engage in voluntary social insurance, it is necessary to have a thorough comprehension of the fundamental factors that influence their behavioral intentions. Accordingly, this current study expands the framework of behavioral reasoning theory to assess consumers' intentions to purchase social insurance. The authors suggest an expanded behavioral reasoning model that includes the cultural values of consumers, specifically collectivism and long‐term orientation. The proposed model underwent testing through the utilization of structural equation modeling with a sample size of 518 individuals who expressed interest in voluntary social insurance in Vietnam. The findings of this study indicate that behavioral reasoning theory is suitable for explaining intentions to purchase voluntary social insurance, where behavioral intentions are influenced by “reasons for,” “reasons against,” and consumers' attitudes. Furthermore, the cultural values of consumers have an important effect on shaping their perceptions and attitudes towards voluntary social insurance. Therefore, this study has significant ramifications for individuals responsible for making decisions and creating policies who are interested in obtaining a more profound comprehension of consumer intentions about voluntary social insurance.
Using photovoice method to analyze student lives in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case study Binh Duong province, Viet Nam
Authors: Vu Le Anh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobally, the COVID‐19 epidemic had significantly influenced people's lives. In Vietnam, during the pandemic, we had implemented various safeguards to protect our lives. This article explores student's experiences in the COVID‐19 epidemic in Binh Duong, Vietnam. Eight students were recruited, and they enrolled in the same social work class. By using photovoice as a participatory method, 13 images were collected and illustrated their lives during COVID‐19. Research findings show that Vietnamese students faced many difficulties. These included Online learning experiences: Insufficient educational equipment; volunteer engagement for the community; memorable experiences when participants were in the “three on the spot”; increasing trauma in life; and returning to normal as a new life. This study sheds light on the multifaceted impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on student life, emphasizing the importance of adaptive learning strategies, support systems, and the value of resilience and community engagement in overcoming challenges.
Analyzing child health and water, sanitation, hygiene facilities in Punjab, Pakistan: A multilevel and spatial approach
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Munawar , Iqbal Asim , Abbas Syed Jaffar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe health and well‐being of children can be achieved through access to clean water, proper sanitation, and hygiene practices. The current study investigates the effect of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on health outcomes using the multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS) data. The household‐level and district‐level determinants of child health are analyzed using logistic regression models and multilevel logistic regression models. The results indicate that there are significant relationships between water availability, sanitation facilities, hygiene practices, and health outcomes. Access to clean water, an increase in sanitation facilities, and proper hygiene have a significant positive relationship with child health. Better access to clean water enhances children's well‐being. The level of parental education, household head dynamics, and WASH indicators at the district level also have a significant relationship with child health. The bivariate Local Moran's I analysis of child health and WASH facilities shows positive spatial autocorrelation (0.441). It also identifies the districts with significant high–high and low–low clustering patterns. This study contributes to achieving SDGs 3 and 6 to develop policies, programs, and future‐based solutions to promote the health and well‐being of children in Punjab and other similar areas.
Unveiling injustice: Disrupting child removal policies and upholding breastfeeding: An emancipatory framework
Authors: Peek Amanda , Hamilton Sharynne , Atchan Marjorie , Jojo Natasha , Northam Holly 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBefore colonization, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities had nurturing, holistic, and communitarian approaches that promoted extended and healthy lives for their children. Colonization, marked by policies of genocide and assimilation, has resulted in an alarming overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children under the care of child protection agencies, resulting in compromised health outcomes and reduced life expectancies. We are conducting a study designed to enhance positive developmental outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children by articulating and enabling the rights of mothers and children to breastfeed in the context of a child protection intervention and child removal. To understand and address this problem, it is critical to implement culturally safe, de‐colonized, emancipatory research that is guided by and benefits Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This article presents an emancipatory framework that we are applying to our study using an Aboriginal participatory action research approach, that serves as a guide for non‐Indigenous researchers seeking to conduct research with Indigenous communities. We emphasize the importance of incorporating an Aboriginal participatory action research framework, using community consultation and codesign; culturally secure data collection methods, and paying attention to Indigenous data sovereignty. Developing trusting respectful relationships is conducive to knowledge acquisition, exchange, and use, when research approaches deeply rooted in community involvement are applied. A call to action by the critical midwifery studies collective, urges non‐Indigenous researchers to become accountable allies that demonstrates respect for community leadership while actively striving to ensure research does not perpetuate further harm, and produces effective change. This article provides an overview of ways to conduct ethical emancipatory research with Indigenous participants, that is, of benefit to midwifery practitioners and is applicable to many areas of research, policy, and practice.
Surgical cystectomy training using human cadavers embalmed using Thiel's method: a pilot study
Authors: Jaeger Dariya , Maghaireh Omar , Shaleva Andriy , Mohammed Nasreldin , Hinrichs Eric , Schumann Sven , Reiss Gebhard , Feigl Georg , Abol‐Enein Hassan , Hautmann Richard 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo develop the use of Thiel soft embalmed human cadavers (TeC) in open radical cystectomy (ORC) training for the first time, to investigate the effect of cadaveric training on surgical trainees' technical skills/performance and to determine how trainees perceive the use of cadaveric workshops.MethodsA 3‐day hands‐on workshop was organised. Ten trainees performed ORC on five TeC, supervised by five experts. Feedback from trainees and mentors was evaluated on a five‐point Likert scale. All procedures were completed in a fully equipped surgical environment and complied with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.ResultsThe workshop participants evaluated the anatomical and manipulation characteristics of the TeC as similar to real‐life conditions. The colour and consistency of the urethra and ureter differed little from those in live patients. The trainees stated that the TeC were beneficial for learning the stages of ORC and urinary diversion (UD), while their self‐confidence increased. In terms of realism, all steps of radical cystectomy (RC) were rated 4 out of 5 or higher on the Likert scale by both trainees and faculty.ConclusionsThe use of TeC for RC und UD was perceived as favourable by trainees and faculty. The TeC demonstrated a surprising ability to mimic real‐life anatomy and represent a new and effective surgical training tool.
Diagnostic and management challenges in paediatric Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Joshi Kriti , Taliou Anna , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveCushing syndrome (CS) is the result of chronic exposure to glucocorticoid excess. CS in children is most often caused by the administration of exogenous steroids. Endogenous CS is rare in the paediatric population and is caused mainly by tumours of the pituitary and adrenal glands, with ectopic sources being extraordinarily rare before the age of 18 years. In addition, children and young adults with CS present with different epidemiology, management issues, prognosis and outcomes than older adult patients. This complex disorder needs early diagnosis and management to avoid the significant morbidity and even mortality that can result from chronic untreated CS.MethodsIn this review, we present the complex case of a 7‐year‐old boy with CS that highlights the diagnostic and management challenges of paediatric CS patients, including the considerations for genetic predisposition and life‐long consequences of CS in children and young adults.ResultsThe diagnostic protocols for the evaluation of CS have been devised for adults and tested predominantly on adults. In this review, we discuss necessary modifications so that the testing can be adjusted for use in children. Additionally, pituitary adenomas in children are generally smaller and thus more difficult to recognize on pituitary imaging.ConclusionsThe management of the case and its complexities underline the need for children with CS to be managed in a centre with experienced paediatric endocrinologists and skilled neurosurgeons both for their initial diagnosis and treatment as well as for their long‐term follow‐up and management.
Irony, Tragedy, Deception
Authors: Currie Gregory 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo theories dominate the current debate over the nature of verbal irony: the pretence theory and the echoic theory. It is common ground in this debate that irony is sometimes both echoic and enacted through pretence; my concern here is with such cases. I ask how these features interact with each other within a form of irony that has not so far been the focus of theoretical attention: hidden or deceptive irony. This enables us to see that interesting cases of verbal irony often target an outlook or point of view rather than some real or imagined prior utterance. This, in turn, suggests a move from the idea of echoic irony to irony which invokes a defective outlook. Using the tools constructed thus far, I focus on an exchange in Euripides' Medea, indicating how deceptive verbal irony gives rise to situations of dramatic irony, and provides a showcase for exhibitions of mastery by characters otherwise lacking control of their situations. I ask whether such instances of deceptive irony encourage audience members to see themselves as side‐participants in the dramas they witness. The question has an empirical aspect we are in no good position to answer; I offer a version of the idea which has at least the merit of not falling victim to obvious philosophical objections.
The “dark side” of smart contracts: A contract theory perspective
Authors: Vatiero Massimiliano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSmart contracts govern transactions using the blockchain as the enforcing medium. They may be a cheaper form of governance of transactions compared to traditional contracts, the hierarchy of firms, and relational contracts. However, I argue that smart contracts do not eliminate transaction costs; rather, they can increase them, particularly when considering the issue of ex‐post efficiency‐enhancing adaptation. Thus, while smart contracts offer a new theoretical and practical way to govern transactions, they are not without challenges and limitations.
CATcAFSMs: Context‐based adaptive trust calculation for attack detection in fog computing based smart medical systems
Authors: Nawaz Alishba , Iqbal Waseem , Altaf Ayesha , Almjally Abrar , AlSagri Hatoon , Alabdullah Bayan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFog's basic distributed nature and ability to process data in transit—that is, to make decisions in real time—make it a good fit for scenarios involving several distributed devices that need to communicate, provide real‐time data analysis, and carry out storage functions. The majority of fog computing applications are driven by the user's demands and/or their desire for functioning services, either neglecting or giving security considerations second attention. Fog computing security issues have not received enough attention. Fog computing could be exploitable due to the security difficulties associated with cloud computing. Due to its flexibility to function near the end user and independence from a centralized design, fog computing provides the dependability required by time‐sensitive smart healthcare systems. There is a need for enhanced security and privacy solutions for fog computing, where trust is essential, due to the importance of healthcare data. This research aims to develop a context‐based adaptive trust solution for the smart healthcare environment utilizing Bayesian approaches and similarity measures against bad mouthing and ballot stuffing, while context‐dependent trust solutions for fogs remain an unexplored area of study. The proposed trust model has been simulated in Contiki‐Cooja to evaluate our findings. In contrast to static weighting, adaptive weights are provided to direct and indirect trust using entropy values that ensure the least degree of trust bias, and context similarity calculations eliminate recommender nodes with malicious intent by leveraging server, colleague, and service similarities. The proposed model protects smart healthcare systems from attacks using similarity metrics, incorporates context, and also uses adaptive weighting for trust calculation. By eliminating trust bias and also detecting attacks, this solution enhances the trust calculation by 10% as compared to the previous solution. This paradigm is efficient due to its small trust computation overhead and linear complexity O(n).
Controls on authigenic mineralization in experimental Ediacara‐style preservation
Authors: Slagter Silvina , Konhauser Kurt O. , Briggs Derek E. G. , Tarhan Lidya G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe earliest evidence of complex macroscopic life on Earth is preserved in Ediacaran‐aged siliciclastic deposits as three‐dimensional casts and molds, known as Ediacara‐style preservation. The mechanisms that led to this extraordinary preservation of soft‐bodied organisms in fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstones have been extensively debated. Ediacara‐style fossilization is recorded in a variety of sedimentary facies characterized by clean quartzose sandstones (as in the eponymous Ediacara Member) as well as less compositionally mature, clay‐rich sandstones and heterolithic siliciclastic deposits. To investigate this preservational process, we conducted experiments using different mineral substrates (quartzose sand, kaolinite, and iron oxides), a variety of soft‐bodied organisms (microalgae, cyanobacteria, marine invertebrates), and a range of estimates for Ediacaran seawater dissolved silica (DSi) levels (0.5–2.0 mM). These experiments collectively yielded extensive amorphous silica and authigenic clay coatings on the surfaces of organisms and in intergranular pore spaces surrounding organic substrates. This was accompanied by a progressive drawdown of the DSi concentration of the experimental solutions. These results provide evidence that soft tissues can be rapidly preserved by silicate minerals precipitated under variable substrate compositions and a wide range of predicted scenarios for Ediacaran seawater DSi concentrations. These observations suggest plausible mechanisms explaining how interactions between sediments, organic substrates, and seawater DSi played a significant role in the fossilization of the first complex ecosystems on Earth.
Micro/nanoplastics pollution poses a potential threat to soil health
Authors: Chen Li , Qiu Tianyi , Huang Fengyu , Zeng Yi , Cui Yongxing , Chen Jing , White Jason C. , Fang Linchuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicro/nanoplastic (MNP) pollution in soil ecosystems has become a growing environmental concern globally. However, the comprehensive impacts of MNPs on soil health have not yet been explored. We conducted a hierarchical meta‐analysis of over 5000 observations from 228 articles to assess the broad impacts of MNPs on soil health parameters (represented by 20 indicators relevant to crop growth, animal health, greenhouse gas emissions, microbial diversity, and pollutant transfer) and whether the impacts depended on MNP properties. We found that MNP exposure significantly inhibited crop biomass and germination, and reduced earthworm growth and survival rate. Under MNP exposure, the emissions of soil greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, and CH4) were significantly increased. MNP exposure caused a decrease in soil bacteria diversity. Importantly, the magnitude of impact of the soil‐based parameters was dependent on MNP dose and size; however, there is no significant difference in MNP type (biodegradable and conventional MNPs). Moreover, MNPs significantly reduced As uptake by plants, but promoted plant Cd accumulation. Using an analytical hierarchy process, we quantified the negative impacts of MNP exposure on soil health as a mean value of −10.2% (−17.5% to −2.57%). Overall, this analysis provides new insights for assessing potential risks of MNP pollution to soil ecosystem functions.
Ultrasound‐assisted conjugation of Moringa proteins with gallic acid: characterisation of structural and techno‐functional properties
Authors: Zulfiqar Aliza , Imran Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad Haseeb , Sablani Shyam S. , Khan Muhammad Kamran 
Published: August 2024

SummaryIn this study, ultrasound‐assisted covalent binding method, free radical‐induced method, was used to prepare Moringa protein isolate (MPI) – gallic acid conjugates (MPI‐GAC) to examine the improvement of the sonication application. Additionally, the influence of polyphenol conjugation on functional and structural attributes of MPI was assessed thru spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy, antioxidant activity, emulsification, foaming, and water and oil holding properties. The enhanced value of grafted polyphenol species was observed after introducing ultrasound treatment during free radical mediation process. The structural changes in protein by gallic acid conjugation were confirmed by using FT‐IR which illustrated the modification in MPI‐GAC with modified peak width of the amide‐I band. Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant difference in the structure of MPI and MPI‐GAC. The grafting of gallic acid onto MPI directed under ultrasound‐assisted conditions conferred distinctive functional characteristics, containing elevated emulsification capacity (51.4 mg mL−1) along with enhanced water and oil holding capacity by 2.07 and 5.11 g g−1, respectively. Furthermore, conjugation also increased the protein solubility 89.3–97.6% and significant trend (68.04–88.06%) of antioxidant capacity was observed by increasing the concentration. The findings of this research work offer new insights on the effective fabrication of MPI‐GAC with multifaceted functionalities, thus broadening the scope and possibilities of high‐value Moringa seed protein.
Influence of high‐sulfur fly ash on the microstructure and properties of magnesium phosphate cement
Authors: Du Jiaheng , Sun Weiwei , Xin Yujie , Tao Rui , Hu Xiaoxia , Wang Pan , Hou Dongshuai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing fly ash (FA) to modify magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) not only extends setting time and enhances MPC performance but also reduces costs. Currently, high‐quality FA is predominantly used, whereas the accumulation of low‐quality FA poses challenges for waste management and environmental protection. This study focuses on low‐quality FA with excessive sulfur content. Initially, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to select two types of FA with SO3 contents of 1.06% and 6.07%. FA replaced magnesium oxide in equal mass to prepare FA/MPC composite cementitious materials. The composite materials were studied for hydration heat, phase composition, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology to explore SO3’s impact on MPC hydration processes, microstructure, and properties. The findings indicate that adding FA effectively dilutes reactants, extending setting time from 7 to 17 min and 18 min, aiding construction operations. In the FA/MPC composite cementitious materials, MPC hydration, along with FA's synergistic hydration, forms a new hydration product MgSiO3, improving material density and mechanical strength post‐hardening. Excessive SO3 in high‐sulfur FA accelerates MgO decomposition, providing ample Mg2+ for K‐struvite synthesis, promoting MPC hydration, and transforming K‐struvite from amorphous to crystalline, enhancing material strength.