bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonstructural Safety of Hospitals for Disasters: A Comparison Between Two Capital Cities
Authors: Djalali Ahmadreza , Ardalan Ali , Ohlen Gunnar , Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Corte Francesco Della , Castren Maaret , Kurland Lisa 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveHospitals are expected to function as a safe environment during disasters, but many become unusable because of nonstructural damage. This study compares the nonstructural safety of hospitals to disasters in Tehran and Stockholm.MethodsHospital safety in Tehran and Stockholm was assessed between September 24, 2012, and April 5, 2013, with use of the nonstructural module of the hospital safety index from the World Health Organization. Hospital safety was categorized as safe, at risk, or inadequate.ResultsAll 4 hospitals in Stockholm were classified as safe, while 2 hospitals in Tehran were at risk and 3 were safe. The mean nonstructural safety index was 90% ± 2.4 SD for the hospitals in Stockholm and 64% ± 17.4 SD for those in Tehran (P = .014).ConclusionsThe level of hospital safety, with respect to disasters, was not related to local vulnerability. Future studies on hospital safety should assess other factors such as legal and financial issues. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
Long-distance dependencies without filler−gaps: a cognitive-functional alternative in Fluid Construction Grammar
Authors: VAN TRIJP REMI 
Published: April 2014

abstractLong-distance dependencies are notoriously difficult to analyze in a formally explicit way because they involve constituents that seem to have been extracted from their canonical position in an utterance. The most widespread solution is to identify agapat anextraction siteand to communicate information about that gap to itsfiller, as inWhat_FILLERdid you see_GAP?This paper rejects the filler−gap solution and proposes a cognitive-functional alternative in which long-distance dependencies spontaneously emerge as a side effect of how grammatical constructions interact with each other for expressing different conceptualizations. The proposal is supported by a computational implementation in Fluid Construction Grammar that works for both parsing and production.
Immunosuppressive PAS-1 is an excretory/secretory protein released by larval and adult worms of the ascarid nematodeAscaris suum
Authors: Antunes M.F.P. , Titz T.O. , Batista I.F.C. , Marques-Porto R. , Oliveira C.F. , Alves de Araujo C.A. , Macedo-Soares M.F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHelminths use several strategies to evade and/or modify the host immune response, including suppression or inactivation of the host antigen-specific response. Several helminth immunomodulatory molecules have been identified. Our studies have focused on immunosuppression induced by the roundwormAscaris suumand anA. suum-derived protein named protein 1 fromA. suum(PAS-1). Here we assessed whether PAS-1 is an excretory/secretory (E/S) protein and whether it can suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Larvae from infective eggs were cultured in unsupplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) for 2 weeks. PAS-1 was then measured in the culture supernatants and in adultA. suumbody fluid at different time points by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the monoclonal antibody MAIP-1. Secreted PAS-1 was detected in both larval culture supernatant and adult body fluid. It suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced leucocyte migration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and stimulated interleukin (IL)-10 secretion, indicating that larval and adult secreted PAS-1 suppresses inflammation in this model. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of PAS-1 was abolished by treatment with MAIP-1, a PAS-1-specific monoclonal antibody, confirming the crucial role of PAS-1 in suppressing LPS-induced inflammation. These findings demonstrate that PAS-1 is an E/S protein with anti-inflammatory properties likely to be attributable to IL-10 production.
Structural and functional imaging of the hippocampus in young people at familial risk of depression
Authors: Mannie Z. N. , Filippini N. , Williams C. , Near J. , Mackay C. E. , Cowen P. J. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundMajor depression is associated with abnormalities in the function and structure of the hippocampus. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities might also be present in people ‘at risk’ of illness.MethodWe studied 62 young people (mean age 18.8 years) at familial risk of depression (FH+) but who had never been depressed themselves. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess hippocampal structure and neural responses to a task designed to activate hippocampal memory networks. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure levels of a combination of glutamine and glutamate (Glx) in the right hippocampus. A total of 59 matched controls with no history of mood disorder in a first-degree relative underwent the same investigations.ResultsHippocampal volume did not differ between FH+ participants and controls; however, relative to controls, during the memory task, FH+ participants showed increased activation in brain regions encompassing the insular cortices, putamen and pallidum as well as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). FH+ participants also had increased hippocampal levels of Glx.ConclusionsEuthymic individuals with a parental history of depression demonstrate increased activation of hippocampal-related neural networks during a memory task, particularly in brain regions involved in processing the salience of stimuli. Changes in the activity of the ACC replicate previous findings in FH+ participants using different psychological tasks; this suggests that task-related abnormalities in the ACC may be a marker of vulnerability to depression. Increased levels of Glx in the hippocampus might also represent a risk biomarker but follow-up studies will be required to test these various possibilities.
‘She called her partner – hence she is needy’: depressed patients show increased tendencies to make spontaneous trait inferences
Authors: Boecking B. , Barnhofer T. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundInterpersonal stress generation is an important maintaining factor in major depression; however, little is known about the psychological mechanisms that undermine interpersonal functioning. This study investigated the role of deficits in person perception to this regard.MethodDepressed patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) completed a false recognition task that measured participants' tendencies to make spontaneous trait inferences (STIs), that is to spontaneously ascribe personality traits to other people. Participants then reported interpersonal daily hassles for one week following the task.ResultsTendencies to make STIs were significantly higher in depressed patients, particularly those with a history of childhood trauma. The degree to which participants made STIs was significantly related to depression severity, and predicted the occurrence of interpersonal daily hassles during follow-up across, but not within groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest that depressed patients show characteristic biases in person perception that may contribute to the generation of interpersonal stress.
Evidence for structural and functional abnormality in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder
Authors: Rodríguez-Cano E. , Sarró S. , Monté G. C. , Maristany T. , Salvador R. , McKenna P. J. , Pomarol-Clotet E. 
Published: April 2014

Background.The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) is considered to be an important site of abnormality in major depressive disorder. However, structural alterations in this region have not been a consistent finding and functional imaging studies have also implicated additional areas.Method.A total of 32 patients with major depressive disorder, currently depressed, and 64 controls underwent structural imaging with MRI. Also, 26 patients and 52 controls were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the n-back working memory task. Structural and functional changes were evaluated using whole-brain, voxel-based methods.Results.The depressed patients showed volume reductions in the sgACC and orbitofrontal cortex bilaterally, plus in both temporal poles and the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus on the left. Functional imaging revealed task-related hypoactivation in the left lateral prefrontal cortex and other regions, as well as failure of deactivation in a subcallosal medial frontal cortical area which included the sgACC.Conclusions.Whole-brain, voxel-based analysis finds evidence of both structural and functional abnormality in the sgACC in major depressive disorder. The fact that the functional changes in this area took the form of failure of deactivation adds to previous findings of default mode network dysfunction in the disorder.
Cohesion and segregation in swarm navigation
Authors: Santos Vinicius Graciano , Chaimowicz Luiz 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThe use of large groups of robots in the execution of complex tasks has received much attention in recent years. Generally called robotic swarms, these systems employ a large number of simple agents to perform different types of tasks. A basic requirement for most robotic swarms is the ability for safe navigation in shared environments. Particularly, two desired behaviors are to keep robots close to their kin and to avoid merging with distinct groups. These are respectively called cohesion and segregation, which are observed in several biological systems. In this paper, we investigate two different approaches that allow swarms of robots to navigate in a cohesive fashion while being segregated from other groups of agents. Our first approach is based on artificial potential fields and hierarchical abstractions. However, this method has one drawback: It needs a central entity which is able to communicate with all robots. To cope with this problem, we introduce a distributed mechanism that combines hierarchical abstractions, flocking behaviors, and an efficient collision avoidance mechanism. We perform simulated and real experiments to study the feasibility and effectiveness of our methods. Results show that both approaches ensure cohesion and segregation during swarm navigation.
Can non-interactive language input benefit young second-language learners?
Authors: AU TERRY KIT-FONG , CHAN WINNIE WAILAN , CHENG LIAO , SIEGEL LINDA S. , TSO RICKY VAN YIP 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTo fully acquire a language, especially its phonology, children need linguistic input from native speakers early on. When interaction with native speakers is not always possible – e.g. for children learning a second language that is not the societal language – audios are commonly used as an affordable substitute. But does such non-interactive input work? Two experiments evaluated the usefulness of audio storybooks in acquiring a more native-like second-language accent. Young children, first- and second-graders in Hong Kong whose native language was Cantonese Chinese, were given take-home listening assignments in a second language, either English or Putonghua Chinese. Accent ratings of the children's story reading revealed measurable benefits of non-interactive input from native speakers. The benefits were far more robust for Putonghua than English. Implications for second-language accent acquisition are discussed.
60 GHz foam‐based antenna for near‐field focusing
Authors: Bor J. , Clauzier S. , Lafond O. , Himdi M. 
Published: April 2014

An innovative way to manufacture a sectoral horn antenna with a biconvex dielectric lens is presented. The antenna focuses on the near‐field signal in the H‐plane to illuminate a linear array for example. It is made of only two symmetrical pieces of foam and a metallic support. A prototype is manufactured and measured at 60 GHz to verify its focusing properties and validate the technological process.
Long-term morphological stasis maintained by a plant–pollinator mutualism
Authors: Davis Charles C. , Schaefer Hanno , Xi Zhenxiang , Baum David A. , Donoghue Michael J. , Harmon Luke J. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceLong-term morphological stasis is a major feature of the paleontological record, but the explanation for this pattern has been controversial. Here, we use the species-rich plant clade Malpighiaceae to determine whether long-term floral stasis is maintained by selection or developmental and genetic constraint. Our results, which use an explicit phylogenetic framework and comparative methods, strongly support selection. We hypothesize that this floral morphology has been maintained over tens of millions of years via their specialized pollinator interaction with oil-collecting bees. To our knowledge, this study in which stasis has been connected to such a plant-pollinator mutualism, is unique, and opens the door to future research on how this association may have enhanced diversification in this plant lineage.
The Polyadenylation Factor Subunit CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR30: A Key Factor of Programmed Cell Death and a Regulator of Immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bruggeman Quentin , Garmier Marie , de Bont Linda , Soubigou-Taconnat Ludivine , Mazubert Christelle , Benhamed Moussa , Raynaud Cécile , Bergounioux Catherine , Delarue Marianne 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for several aspects of plant life, including development and stress responses. Indeed, incompatible plant-pathogen interactions are well known to induce the hypersensitive response, a localized cell death. Mutational analyses have identified several key PCD components, and we recently identified the mips1 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which is deficient for the key enzyme catalyzing the limiting step of myoinositol synthesis. One of the most striking features of mips1 is the light-dependent formation of lesions on leaves due to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent PCD, revealing roles for myoinositol or inositol derivatives in the regulation of PCD. Here, we identified a regulator of plant PCD by screening for mutants that display transcriptomic profiles opposing that of the mips1 mutant. Our screen identified the oxt6 mutant, which has been described previously as being tolerant to oxidative stress. In the oxt6 mutant, a transfer DNA is inserted in the CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR30 (CPSF30) gene, which encodes a polyadenylation factor subunit homolog. We show that CPSF30 is required for lesion formation in mips1 via SA-dependent signaling, that the prodeath function of CPSF30 is not mediated by changes in the glutathione status, and that CPSF30 activity is required for Pseudomonas syringae resistance. We also show that the oxt6 mutation suppresses cell death in other lesion-mimic mutants, including lesion-simulating disease1, mitogen-activated protein kinase4, constitutive expressor of pathogenesis-related genes5, and catalase2, suggesting that CPSF30 and, thus, the control of messenger RNA 3′ end processing, through the regulation of SA production, is a key component of plant immune responses.
The Pea Photoperiod Response Gene STERILE NODES Is an Ortholog of LUX ARRHYTHMO
Authors: Liew Lim Chee , Hecht Valérie , Sussmilch Frances C. , Weller James L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The STERILE NODES (SN) locus in pea (Pisum sativum) was one of the first photoperiod response genes to be described and provided early evidence for the genetic control of long-distance signaling in flowering-time regulation. Lines homozygous for recessive sn mutations are early flowering and photoperiod insensitive, with an increased ability to promote flowering across a graft union in short-day conditions. Here, we show that SN controls developmental regulation of genes in the FT family and rhythmic regulation of genes related to circadian clock function. Using a positional and functional candidate approach, we identify SN as the pea ortholog of LUX ARRHYTHMO, a GARP transcription factor from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with an important role in circadian clock function. In addition to induced mutants, sequence analysis demonstrates the presence of at least three other independent, naturally occurring loss-of-function mutations among known sn cultivars. Examination of genetic and regulatory interactions between SN and two other circadian clock genes, HIGH RESPONSE TO PHOTOPERIOD (HR) and DIE NEUTRALIS (DNE), suggests a complex relationship in which HR regulates expression of SN and the role of DNE and HR in control of flowering is dependent on SN. These results extend previous work to show that pea orthologs of all three Arabidopsis evening complex genes regulate clock function and photoperiod-responsive flowering and suggest that the function of these genes may be widely conserved.
Acceptable risk and life and death decisions: a case study
Authors: Sherman Cherie Ann , Anderson Philip M. 
Published: April 2014

Case description
This case discusses the best-selling security system for preventing shoplifting and the dilemma its startup manufacturer faced when it learned there was a very remote possibility that the system might interfere with heart pacemakers. The theme of the case is that when health is involved, a company must carefully consider any level of preventable risk a product poses, even if that level of risk is extremely low.
Expanding Cutts Floral Distributors
Authors: Ibrayeva Elina , Sebora Terrence 
Published: April 2014

Case description
Cutts Floral Distributors, founded in 2004 by Dave Lambe, was a floral wholesaler in Lincoln, Nebraska. The firm became a top wholesaler in the Lincoln area and had expanded its delivery range (all accessed by the company's hand delivery system) up to 100 miles outside of Lincoln. The company credited its success to the expertise of its founder, a professor of horticultural entrepreneurship, and to the company's commitment to customer service. Dave Lambe came to believe that Cutts had exhausted the local market and began looking for growth opportunities within driving distance. Proposed locations for expansion included Kansas City (MO/KS), Denver (CO), and St Joseph (MO). The case provides an in-depth look at Cutts, its competitive advantages, and strategy as the firm faced a critical decision, made more difficult by the uncertainties of the economic recession. This case encourages students to think critically in order to answer the case's central questions: “Should Cutts expand? If so, where?” The complexity of an expansion decision and the multitude of factors that may influence an entrepreneur's decision to expand are illustrated throughout the case.
Navigating a mid-level career transition through the strategic use of power and influence
Authors: Brownlee Amy L. , Beda Britt Isaac 
Published: April 2014

Case description
Lauren Tate began a new career at a new organization. Based on information she learned in a recent MBA Leadership course, Lauren approached her new workplace with the goal of being more strategic in her interpersonal interactions. She focussed on identifying and building sources of power in this new career and proactively managed her evolving relationships. At some levels, she was very successful and effective but some relationships were characterized by stress. The case asks students to analyze Lauren's actions to determine which were effective and how her actions could have been even more effective.
Interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensor data using normalized source strength – A case study from McFaulds Lake, Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Beiki Majid , Keating Pierre , Clark David A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a case study on the use of the normalized source strength (NSS) for interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensors data. This application arises in exploration of nickel, copper and platinum group element (Ni‐Cu‐PGE) deposits in the McFaulds Lake area, Northern Ontario, Canada. In this study, we have used the normalized source strength function derived from recent high resolution aeromagnetic and gravity gradiometry data for locating geological bodies.In our algorithm, we use maxima of the normalized source strength for estimating the horizontal location of the causative body. Then we estimate depth to the source and structural index at that point using the ratio between the normalized source strength and its vertical derivative calculated at two levels; the measurement level and a height h above the measurement level. To discriminate more reliable solutions from spurious ones, we reject solutions with unreasonable estimated structural indices.This method uses an upward continuation filter which reduces the effect of high frequency noise. In the magnetic case, the advantage is that, in general, the normalized magnetic source strength is relatively insensitive to magnetization direction, thus it provides more reliable information than standard techniques when geologic bodies carry remanent magnetization. For dipping gravity sources, the calculated normalized source strength yields a reliable estimate of the source location by peaking right above the top surface.Application of the method on aeromagnetic and gravity gradient tensor data sets from McFaulds Lake area indicates that most of the gravity and magnetic sources are located just beneath a 20 m thick (on average) overburden and delineated magnetic and gravity sources which can be probably approximated by geological contacts and thin dikes, come up to the overburden.
Predator avoidance during reproduction: diel movements by spawning sockeye salmon between stream and lake habitats
Authors: Bentley Kale T. , Schindler Daniel E. , Cline Timothy J. , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Macias Daniel , Ciepiela Lindsy R. , Hilborn Ray 
Published: April 2014

SummaryDaily movements of mobile organisms between habitats in response to changing trade‐offs between predation risk and foraging gains are well established; however, less in known about whether similar tactics are used during reproduction, a time period when many organisms are particularly vulnerable to predators.We investigated the reproductive behaviour of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and the activity of their principal predator, brown bears (Ursus arctos), on streams in south‐western Alaska. Specifically, we continuously monitored movements of salmon between lake habitat, where salmon are invulnerable to bears, and three small streams, where salmon spawn and are highly vulnerable to bears. We conducted our study across 2 years that offered a distinct contrast in bear activity and predation rates.Diel movements by adult sockeye salmon between stream and lake habitat were observed in 51·3% ± 17·7% (mean ± SD) of individuals among years and sites. Fish that moved tended to hold in the lake for most of the day and then migrated into spawning streams during the night, coincident with when bear activity on streams tended to be lowest. Additionally, cyclic movements between lakes and spawning streams were concentrated earlier in the spawning season.Individuals that exhibited diel movements had longer average reproductive life spans than those who made only one directed movement into a stream. However, the relative effect was dependent on the timing of bear predation, which varied between years. When predation pressure primarily occurred early in the spawning run (i.e., during the height of the diel movements), movers lived 120–310% longer than non‐movers. If predation pressure was concentrated later in the spawning run (i.e. when most movements had ceased), movers only lived 10–60% longer.Our results suggest a dynamic trade‐off in reproductive strategies of sockeye salmon; adults must be in the stream to reproduce, but must also avoid predation long enough to spawn. Given the interannual variation in the timing and intensity of predation pressure, the advantages of a particular movement strategy will likely vary among years. Regardless, movements by salmon allowed individuals to exploit fine‐scale habitat heterogeneity during reproduction, which appears to be a strategy to reduce predation risk on the spawning grounds.