bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting back in shape: Persistence, shape, and relativity
Authors: Himelright Jack , Murgueitio Ramírez Sebastián 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we will introduce a novel argument (the “Region Argument”) that objects do not have frame‐independent shapes in special relativity. The Region Argument lacks vulnerabilities present in David Chalmers' argument for that conclusion based on length contraction. We then examine how views on persistence interact with the Region Argument. We argue that this argument and standard four‐dimensionalist assumptions entail that nothing in a relativistic world has any shape, not even stages or the regions occupied by them. We also argue that endurantists have viable ways of preserving shape despite the Region Argument. The upshot of these arguments is that contrary to conventional wisdom, considerations about shape in relativity support endurantism rather than four‐dimensionalism. We conclude by examining the implications of our discussion for the debate over Edenic shapes, noting that endurantists have a satisfying response to skeptical arguments about Edenic shapes similar to the one they have against the Region Argument.
Predicting hostility towards women: incel‐related factors in a general sample of men
Authors: Zhang Jiewen , Mollandsøy Amalie B. , Nornes Cecilie , Erevik Eilin K. , Pallesen Ståle 
Published: August 2024

Hostility towards women is a type of prejudice that can have adverse effects on women and society, but research on predictors of men's hostility towards women is limited. The present study primarily introduced predictors associated with misogynist involuntary celibates (incels), and then investigated whether loneliness, rejection, attractiveness, number of romantic and sexual partners, right‐wing authoritarianism, and gaming predicted hostility towards women among a more general sample of men. A total of 473 men (aged 18–35, single, heterosexual, UK residents) recruited via Prolific answered the hostile sexism subscale, the misogyny scale, the self‐perceived sexual attractiveness scale, the right‐wing authoritarianism scale, the game addiction scale for adolescents, the adult rejection‐sensitivity scale, the UCLA loneliness scale, and self‐developed questions regarding number of sexual and romantic partners, and time spent gaming. We found a strong positive relationship between right‐wing authoritarianism and hostility towards women, as well as a strong convex curvilinear relationship between attractiveness and hostility towards women. The number of sexual partners showed a moderate concave relationship with hostility towards women. We did not find sufficient support for a relationship between gaming and hostility towards women, and there was no support that loneliness, rejection, or romantic partners predicted hostility towards women among a general sample of men. Our study supports right‐wing authoritarianism and self‐perceived attractiveness as potential strong predictors in understanding men's hostility towards women in the wider community.Pre‐registration: https://osf.io/ms3a4.
Addressing hardship and climate change: Citizens' perceptions of costs of living, social inequalities and priorities for policy
Authors: Irwin Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the wake of rising energy prices and the cost of living crisis, some have claimed that climate policies are at odds with citizens' more pressing everyday living concerns. Critics challenge these simplifying narratives that shorter term economic and social wellbeing priorities and ‘longer term’ decarbonization policies are in tension with one another and argue that effective policies must treat them as interconnected. Evidence regarding how citizens think about climate policy mostly focus on policy acceptability, highlighting the role of perceptions of effectiveness and fairness, but there is a quite limited conceptualization of contexts of social inequality, and even more limited engagement with the views of marginalized groups whose buy‐in is seen as crucial for effective net zero transitions. This paper reviews the evidence and analyses new data from a small exploratory study with citizens from low income and marginalized backgrounds. In group discussions several participants emphasized the importance of tackling both social hardships and climate priorities, seen by some as interlinked. Further, many described wider societal unfairness relating to experiences of poverty, exploitation, a lack of voice or even recognition and a keen sense of disconnect between politics and their own everyday concerns and lived experiences. I argue that climate policy making should engage more fully with contexts of social inequality and that social wellbeing and systematic action on climate change need to be treated by policy makers and politicians as profoundly interlinked challenges.
The leaky chronometer: Evidence for systematic cryptic Pb loss in laser ablation U‐Pb dating of zircon relative to CA‐TIMS
Authors: Howard Benjamin L. , Sharman Glenn R. , Crowley James L. , Wersan Ellen Reat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractU–Pb dating of zircon via laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) has become a primary method for determining the age of crystalline rocks and the provenance and maximum depositional age of (meta)sedimentary rocks. Although chemical abrasion has become a standard approach for mitigating Pb loss in zircon dated via high‐resolution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA‐TIMS), laser ablation dating is rarely accompanied by chemical abrasion. We evaluate the accuracy of U–Pb dates acquired via LA‐ICP‐MS relative to CA‐TIMS through analysis of a large database of paired analyses from the same zircon crystals. We show that laser ablation 206Pb/238U dates are systematically younger than their CA‐TIMS counterparts, with a greater shift in detrital zircon (−2.0%) versus igneous or metamorphic zircon (−0.9%). Although systematic biases related to “matrix effects” may be a contributing factor, our analysis suggests that unmitigated cryptic Pb loss is likely widespread in laser ablation U–Pb datasets.
Mapping collections
Authors: Parker Katherine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaps are politically, socially, and culturally inflected objects that can communicate information and teach us about the time and society that shaped them. They are not only tools to serve present needs, but are also rich historical sources that require curation, conservation, and care. This historical legacy is well represented in the map collection of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG). The stewardship of these historical maps offers many challenges, but also an opportunity for education, for example on the complex history of empire, and collaboration, for example with artists. This paper highlights the varied work of the RGS in the preservation and promotion of its large collection of maps, charts, and globes.
Mapping and countermapping dispossession in Palestine
Authors: Abushama Hashem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn their claim to distance from reality, maps seek power from representation. Maps are constituted by a particular set of practices that are enmeshed within wider social relations. Maps, then, are a powerful vantage point for understanding the geometries of power. Under settler colonialism, geography is constantly reshaped and reconfigured by expansionist and eliminatory logics. Such is the case in Palestine, where Israeli settler colonialism has fragmented the map of historic Palestine into messily separated archipelagos. As Palestinian geographies are constantly being reconfigured under Israeli settler colonialism, can maps catch up? How do we locate Palestine on the map? I take up these questions by focusing on the 1948 and 1967 Palestinian territories as two spatio‐temporally differentiated locations of settler colonial spatial reconfiguration. Using a counter‐map designed by Palestinian artist Haya Zaatry, I highlight the importance of counter‐mapping in bringing into sharp relief the conjunctural layering of dispossession in Palestine. If dominant colonial maps are about the neat packaging of lived realities into dominant spatio‐temporal demarcations, counter‐maps are about highlighting the ghostly stories and embodied spatial practices and processes of living within and beyond such demarcations.
Seeing culture from below: Counter‐curating, counter‐ethnography, counter‐mapping
Authors: Grindon Gavin , Hay Duncan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper reflects on our mapping and database project britishmonumentsrelatedtoslavery.net, the first and currently most complete account of British representational public monuments related to British transatlantic slavery. It reproduces our headline findings and presents some new maps of the data. However, our main focus in this paper is on placing our project in a wider context of emergent practices and methods that inspired us. First, we note the exponential historical emergence of three connected critical, grassroots ‘counter’ practices across different institutions: of mapping, curating, and ethnography. We frame their critical commonality in their ‘counter’ approach to the nexus of what Benedict Anderson identified as three key ‘institutions of power … census, map, museum’, which have been central to conceiving and executing policy. Second, we prospectively identify some of the common structural causes that underlie this emergent assembly of instituent knowledge‐making practices from below.
Mitigating disuse‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in ageing: Resistance exercise as a critical countermeasure
Authors: McKendry James , Coletta Giulia , Nunes Everson A. , Lim Changhyun , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe gradual deterioration of physiological systems with ageing makes it difficult to maintain skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia), at least partly due to the presence of ‘anabolic resistance’, resulting in muscle loss. Sarcopenia can be transiently but markedly accelerated through periods of muscle disuse‐induced (i.e., unloading) atrophy due to reduced physical activity, sickness, immobilisation or hospitalisation. Periods of disuse are detrimental to older adults' overall quality of life and substantially increase their risk of falls, physical and social dependence, and early mortality. Disuse events induce skeletal muscle atrophy through various mechanisms, including anabolic resistance, inflammation, disturbed proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which tip the scales in favour of a negative net protein balance and subsequent muscle loss. Concerningly, recovery from disuse atrophy is more difficult for older adults than their younger counterparts. Resistance training (RT) is a potent anabolic stimulus that can robustly stimulate muscle protein synthesis and mitigate muscle losses in older adults when implemented before, during and following unloading. RT may take the form of traditional weightlifting‐focused RT, bodyweight training and lower‐ and higher‐load RT. When combined with sufficient dietary protein, RT can accelerate older adults' recovery from a disuse event, mitigate frailty and improve mobility; however, few older adults regularly participate in RT. A feasible and practical approach to improving the accessibility and acceptability of RT is through the use of resistance bands. Moving forward, RT must be prescribed to older adults to mitigate the negative consequences of disuse atrophy.
Ignition of Aged Lubricants in a Shock Tube
Authors: Abulail Matthew , Juárez Raquel , Petersen Eric L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lubricants experience harsh conditions which result in degradation of the oil. To imitate similar conditions, Mobil DTE 732, a common gas turbine lubricating oil, was subjected to high temperatures for an extended period of time, until thermal degradation occurred, indicated through the creation of coke. Samples were taken throughout this process, with the sample that was tested having been exposed for 78 h. Utilizing an endwall injector system, the samples were ignited behind reflected shock waves in the high-pressure shock tube (HPST) at Texas A&M University. The injector system utilizes the incident wave to increase the temperature of the lubricant past its vaporization temperature, thereby vaporizing the fuel prior to the arrival of the reflected shock. Using this system, the base Mobil DTE 732 and the 78-h sample produced from the coking test were tested at 1.06–1.58 atm and between 1171 and 1373 K. The ignition delay times (IDTs) of the samples were recorded utilizing pressure rise and hydroxyl chemiluminescence located in the sidewall of the shock tube. Upon the analysis of the results, there were negligible changes in the ignition behavior of the fuel, based on ignition delay time. However, changes in the combustion behavior were experienced, such as an absence of two-stage ignition and lower viscosity for the post-coke sample.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
surface motility and invasion into competing communities enhance interspecies antagonism
Authors: Sánchez-Peña Andrea , Winans James B. , Nadell Carey D. , Limoli Dominique H. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Chronic polymicrobial infections involving
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
are prevalent, difficult to eradicate, and associated with poor health outcomes. Therefore, understanding interactions between these pathogens is important to inform improved treatment development. We previously demonstrated that
P. aeruginosa
is attracted to
S. aureus
using type IV pili (TFP)-mediated chemotaxis, but the impact of attraction on
S. aureus
growth and physiology remained unknown. Using live single-cell confocal imaging to visualize microcolony structure, spatial organization, and survival of
S. aureus
during coculture, we found that interspecies chemotaxis provides
P. aeruginosa
a competitive advantage by promoting invasion into and disruption of
S. aureus
microcolonies. This behavior renders
S. aureus
susceptible to
P. aeruginosa
antimicrobials. Conversely, in the absence of TFP motility,
P. aeruginosa
cells exhibit reduced invasion of
S. aureus
colonies. Instead,
P. aeruginosa
builds a cellular barrier adjacent to
S. aureus
and secretes diffusible, bacteriostatic antimicrobials like 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-
N
-oxide (HQNO) into the
S. aureus
colonies. Reduced invasion leads to the formation of denser and thicker
S. aureus
colonies with increased HQNO-mediated lactic acid fermentation, a physiological change that could complicate treatment strategies. Finally, we show that
P. aeruginosa
motility modifications of spatial structure enhance competition against
S. aureus
. Overall, these studies expand our understanding of how
P. aeruginosa
TFP-mediated interspecies chemotaxis facilitates polymicrobial interactions, highlighting the importance of spatial positioning in mixed-species communities.

IMPORTANCE

The polymicrobial nature of many chronic infections makes their eradication challenging. Particularly, coisolation of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
from airways of people with cystic fibrosis and chronic wound infections is common and associated with severe clinical outcomes. The complex interplay between these pathogens is not fully understood, highlighting the need for continued research to improve management of chronic infections. Our study unveils that
P. aeruginosa
is attracted to
S. aureus
, invades into neighboring colonies, and secretes anti-staphylococcal factors into the interior of the colony. Upon inhibition of
P. aeruginosa
motility and thus invasion,
S. aureus
colony architecture changes dramatically, whereby
S. aureus
is protected from
P. aeruginosa
antagonism and responds through physiological alterations that may further hamper treatment. These studies reinforce accumulating evidence that spatial structuring can dictate community resilience and reveal that motility and chemotaxis are critical drivers of interspecies competition.
An intracellular phosphorus-starvation signal activates the PhoB/PhoR two-component system in
Salmonella enterica
Authors: Bruna Roberto E. , Kendra Christopher G. , Pontes Mauricio H. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria acquire P primarily as inorganic orthophosphate (Pi, PO
4
3−
). Once internalized, Pi is rapidly assimilated into biomass during the synthesis of ATP. Because Pi is essential, but excessive ATP is toxic, the acquisition of environmental Pi is tightly regulated. In the bacterium
Salmonella enterica
(
Salmonella
), growth in Pi-limiting environments activates the membrane sensor histidine kinase PhoR, leading to the phosphorylation of its cognate transcriptional regulator PhoB and subsequent transcription of genes involved in adaptations to low Pi. Pi limitation promotes PhoR kinase activity by altering the conformation of a membrane signaling complex comprised of PhoR, the multicomponent Pi transporter system PstSACB and the regulatory protein PhoU. However, the identity of the Pi-starvation signal and how it controls PhoR activity remain unknown. Here, we identify conditions where the PhoB and PhoR signal transduction proteins can be maintained in an inactive state when
Salmonella
is grown in media lacking Pi. Our results demonstrate that PhoB/PhoR is activated by an intracellular P-insufficiency signal.

IMPORTANCE
In enteric bacteria, the transcriptional response to phosphorus (P) starvation is controlled by a specialized signal transduction system comprised of a membrane-bound, multicomponent signal sensor, and a cytoplasmic transcriptional factor. Whereas this system has been primarily studied in the context of phosphate (Pi) starvation, it is currently unknown how this stress initiates signal transduction. In the current study, we establish that this signaling system is regulated by a cytoplasmic signal arising from insufficient P. We demonstrate that rather than responding to extracellular conditions, cells couple the activation of their P starvation response to the availability of cytoplasmic P. This regulatory logic may enable cells to prevent toxicity resulting from excessive Pi acquisition and hinder the onset of a P starvation response when their metabolic demands are being met through the consumption of P sources other than Pi.
Stochastic processes drive divergence of bacterial and fungal communities in sympatric wild insect species despite sharing a common diet
Authors: Zhu Yu-Xi , Yang Tian-Yue , Deng Jing-Huan , Yin Yue , Song Zhang-Rong , Du Yu-Zhou 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Arthropods harbor complex microbiota that play a pivotal role in host fitness. While multiple factors, like host species and diet, shape microbiota in arthropods, their impact on community assembly in wild insects remains largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed bacterial and fungal community assembly in nine sympatric wild insect species that share a common citrus fruit diet. Source tracking analysis suggested that these insects acquire some bacteria and fungi from the citrus fruit with varying degrees. Although sharing a common diet led to microbiota convergence, the diversity, composition, and network of both bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly among surveyed insect groups. Null model analysis indicated that stochastic processes, particularly dispersal limitation and drift, are primary drivers of structuring insect bacterial and fungal communities. Importantly, the influence of each community assembly process varied strongly depending on the host species. Thus, we proposed a speculative view that the host specificity of the microbiome and mycobiome assembly is widespread in wild insects despite sharing the same regional species pool. Overall, this research solidifies the importance of host species in shaping microbiomes and mycobiomes, providing novel insights into their assembly mechanisms in wild insects.

IMPORTANCE
Since the microbiome has been shown to impact insect fitness, a mechanistic understanding of community assembly has potentially significant applications but remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate bacterial and fungal community assembly in nine sympatric wild insect species that share a common diet. The main findings indicate that stochastic processes drive the divergence of microbiomes and mycobiomes in nine sympatric wild insect species. These findings offer novel insights into the assembly mechanisms of microbiomes and mycobiomes in wild insects.
Integrated multiplex analysis of cell death regulators in stage II colorectal cancer suggests patients with ‘persister’ cell profiles fail to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Cho Sanghee , McDonough Elizabeth , Graf John , Shia Jinru , Firat Canan , Urganci Nil , Surrette Christine , Lindner Andreas , Salvucci Manuela , Matveeva Anna , Kisakol Batuhan , O’Grady Anthony , Azimi Mohammadreza , Burke John P , McNamara Deborah A , McDade Simon , Longley Daniel B , Prehn Jochen HM , Ginty Fiona 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveInducing tumour cell apoptosis is a primary objective of chemotherapy but, to date, there are no validated biomarkers of apoptosis sensitivity or resistance. Our objective was to image multiple apoptosis pathway proteins at single cell level and determine multi-protein associations with recurrence risk and chemotherapy response in patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods and analysisMultiplexed imaging of 16 proteins in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways at single cell resolution on resected tissue from 194 patients with stage II CRC who either received adjuvant chemotherapy (n=108) or were treated with surgery only (n=86). K-means clustering of >600 000 cancer cells and cell level intensities of APAF1, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, XIAP, SMAC, BAX, BAK, BCL2, BCL-XL, MCL-1, procaspase-8, BID, FADD, FLIP, RIP3 and CIAP1 identified distinct cell cluster profiles.ResultsChemotherapy-treated patients with a higher percentage of cell clusters with low procaspase-3 and high XIAP had a higher risk of recurrence. This was validated in an independent cohort of adjuvant chemotherapy-treated high-risk patients with stage II CRC. We also applied two established system models of apoptosis initiation and execution to estimate cellular apoptosis sensitivity and show that these cell clusters do not appear to have impaired mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation sensitivity, but downstream procaspase-3 cleavage is compromised. This represents a key characteristic of drug-tolerant ‘persister’ cells.ConclusionThis study represents the most comprehensive analysis to date of apoptosis protein distribution at single cell level in CRC tumours. Our study identifies a subgroup of patients with stage II CRC with an apoptosis-resistant ‘persister’ cell profile who do not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.