bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully secure ciphertext policy attribute‐based encryption with constant length ciphertext and faster decryption
Authors: Doshi Nishant , Jinwala Devesh C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn PKC 2010, Herranz et al. proposed the first fully threshold ciphertext policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) scheme with constant length ciphertext. However, their scheme is selectively secure with respect to the chosen plaintext attack. They have left three open problems for CP‐ABE with constant ciphertext length, that is, Security against the Chosen Ciphertext Attacks, Security Reduction to a better mathematical problem and to make the scheme Fully Secure. Indeed, in ACISP 2012, Ge et al. proposed the solutions to the first two problems but left their proposed scheme selective secure. This makes their scheme weaker because it is secure only for a particular policy. With an aim to propose a fully secure constant ciphertext length CP‐ABE scheme, in this paper, we discuss our attempts at extending the approach of Lewko et al. (in EUROCRYPT 2010). The scheme that we propose here allows any subset of attributes of the secret key as a part of the ciphertext policy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rare variants in LRRK1 and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Schulte Eva C. , Ellwanger Daniel C. , Dihanich Sybille , Manzoni Claudia , Stangl Katrin , Schormair Barbara , Graf Elisabeth , Eck Sebastian , Mollenhauer Brit , Haubenberger Dietrich , Pirker Walter , Zimprich Alexander , Brücke Thomas , Lichtner Peter , Peters Annette , Gieger Christian , Trenkwalder Claudia , Mewes Hans-Werner , Meitinger Thomas , Lewis Patrick A. , Klünemann Hans H. , Winkelmann Juliane 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Approximately 20 % of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) report a positive family history. Yet, a large portion of causal and disease-modifying variants is still unknown. We used exome sequencing in two affected individuals from a family with late-onset PD to identify 15 potentially causal variants. Segregation analysis and frequency assessment in 862 PD cases and 1,014 ethnically matched controls highlighted variants in EEF1D and LRRK1 as the best candidates. Mutation screening of the coding regions of these genes in 862 cases and 1,014 controls revealed several novel non-synonymous variants in both genes in cases and controls. An in silico multi-model bioinformatics analysis was used to prioritize identified variants in LRRK1 for functional follow-up. However, protein expression, subcellular localization, and cell viability were not affected by the identified variants. Although it has yet to be proven conclusively that variants in LRRK1 are indeed causative of PD, our data strengthen a possible role for LRRK1 in addition to LRRK2 in the genetic underpinnings of PD but, at the same time, highlight the difficulties encountered in the study of rare variants identified by next-generation sequencing in diseases with autosomal dominant or complex patterns of inheritance.
Habitat-specific type I polyketide synthases in soils and street sediments
Authors: Hill Patrick , Piel Jörn , Aris-Brosou Stéphane , Krištůfek Václav , Boddy Christopher N , Dijkhuizen Lubbert 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Actinomycetes produce many pharmaceutically useful compounds through type I polyketide biosynthetic pathways. Soil has traditionally been an important source for these actinomycete-derived pharmaceuticals. As the rate of antibiotic discovery has decreased and the incidence of antibiotic resistance has increased, researchers have looked for alternatives to soil for bioprospecting. Street sediment, where actinomycetes make up a larger fraction of the bacterial population than in soil, is one such alternative environment. To determine if these differences in actinomycetal community structure are reflected in type I polyketide synthases (PKSI) distribution, environmental DNA from soils and street sediments was characterized by sequencing amplicons of PKSI-specific PCR primers. Amplicons covered two domains: the last 80 amino acids of the ketosynthase (KS) domain and the first 240 amino acids of the acyltransferase (AT) domain. One hundred and ninety clones from ten contrasting soils from six regions and nine street sediments from six cities were sequenced. Twenty-five clones from two earthworm-affected samples were also sequenced. UniFrac lineage-specific analysis identified two clades that clustered with actinomycetal GenBank matches that were street sediment-specific, one similar to the PKSI segment of the mycobactin siderophore involved in mycobacterial virulence. A clade of soil-specific sequences clustered with GenBank matches from the ambruticin and jerangolid pathways of Sorangium cellulosum. All three of these clades were found in sites &gt;700 km apart. Street sediments are enriched in actinomycetal PKSIs. Non-actinomycetal PKSI pathways may be more chemically diverse than actinomycetal PKSIs. Common soil and street sediment PKIs are globally distributed.
Feasibility and validity of ecological momentary assessment in adolescents with high‐functioning autism and Asperger's disorder
Authors: Khor Angela S. , Gray Kylie M. , Reid Sophie C. , Melvin Glenn A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEcological Momentary Assessment (EMA) may increase accuracy of data compared with retrospective questionnaires by assessing behaviours as they occur, hence decreasing recall biases and increasing ecological validity. This study examined the feasibility and concurrent validity of an EMA tool for adolescents with High‐Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (HFASD). Thirty‐one adolescents with HFASD completed a mobile phone EMA application that assessed stressors and coping for two weeks. Parents and adolescents also completed retrospective measures of the adolescent's coping/stressors. Moderate compliance with the EMA tool was achieved and some concurrent validity was established with the retrospective measure of coping. Concordance was found between the types of stressors reported by parents and adolescents but not the quantity. The results suggest adolescents with HFASD are capable of reporting on their stressors and coping via EMA. EMA has the potential to be a valuable research tool in this population.
Weak observability estimates for 1-D wave equations with rough coefficients
Authors: Fanelli Francesco , Zuazua Enrique 
Published: November 2013

In this paper we prove observability estimates for 1-dimensional wave equations with non-Lipschitz coefficients. For coefficients in the Zygmund class we prove a “classical” estimate, which extends the well-known observability results in the energy space for
BV
regularity. When the coefficients are instead log-Lipschitz or log-Zygmund, we prove observability estimates “with loss of derivatives”: in order to estimate the total energy of the solutions, we need measurements on some higher order Sobolev norms at the boundary. This last result represents the intermediate step between the Lipschitz (or Zygmund) case, when observability estimates hold in the energy space, and the Hölder one, when they fail at any finite order (as proved in [9]) due to an infinite loss of derivatives. We also establish a sharp relation between the modulus of continuity of the coefficients and the loss of derivatives in the observability estimates. In particular, we will show that under any condition which is weaker than the log-Lipschitz one (not only Hölder, for instance), observability estimates fail in general, while in the intermediate instance between the Lipschitz and the log-Lipschitz ones they can hold only admitting a loss of a finite number of derivatives. This classification has an exact counterpart when considering also the second variation of the coefficients.

Résumé
Dans cet article on démontre des inégalités d'observabilité pour l'équation des ondes à coefficients non-Lipschitzien en une dimension d'espace. Pour des coefficients qui sont dans la classe de Zygmund, on prouve une estimation « classique », qui étend le résultat bien connu d'observabilité dans l'espace d'énergie pour des coefficients à variation bornée. Au contraire, quand les coefficients sont log-Lipschitz ou log-Zygmund, on prouve des estimations d'observabilité « avec perte de dérivées » : pour contrôler l'énergie totale des solutions, il faut mesurer des normes de Sobolev d'ordre plus élevé au bord de l'intervalle. Ce dernier résultat représente le cas intermédiaire entre le cas des coefficients Lipschitz (ou Zygmund), où les estimations d'observabilité sont satisfaites dans l'espace d'énergie, et celui des coefficients Hölder, où elles échouent à n'importe quel ordre (comme prouvé dans [9]) à cause d'une perte infinie de dérivées. On établit aussi une relation optimale entre le module de continuité des coefficients et la perte de dérivées dans les inégalités d'observabilité. En particulier, on démontre que, quelle que soit l'hypothèse plus faible que celle de log-Lipschitz (pas seulement celle de Hölder, par exemple), les estimations ne sont pas valables en général, tandis que pour toute condition intermédiaire entre celle de Lipschitz et log-Lipschitz on a une inégalité avec une perte d'un nombre fini de dérivées. Cette classification a un équivalent aussi au niveau de la variation seconde des coefficients.
Use of principal component analysis for identification of Rockland and Trego Hot Springs tephras in the Hat Creek Graben, northeastern California, USA
Authors: Pouget Solène , Bursik Marcus , Cortés Joaquín A. , Hayward Chris 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDiscontinuous tephra layers were discovered at Burney Spring Mountain, northern California. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that they are two distinct tephras. Binary plots and standard similarity coefficients of electron probe microanalysis data have been supplemented with principal component analysis to correlate the two tephra layers to known regional tephras. Using principal component analysis, we are furthermore able to bound our uncertainty in the correlation of the two tephra layers. After removal of outliers, within the 95% prediction interval, we can say that one tephra layer is likely the Rockland tephra, aged 565–610 ka, and the second layer is likely from Mt. Mazama, the Trego Hot Springs tephra, aged ~ 29 ka. In the case of the Rockland tephra, the new findings suggest that dispersal to the north was highly restricted. For Trego Hot Springs ash, the new findings extend the distribution to the southwest, with a rapid thinning in that direction. Coupled with considerations of regular tephra dispersal patterns, the results suggest that the primary dispersal direction for both tephras was to the south, and that occurrences in other directions are unlikely or otherwise anomalous.
A Candidate for the Abelian Category of Mixed Elliptic Motives
Authors: Patashnick Owen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this work, we s uggest a defnition for the category of mixed motives generated by the motive h1 (E) for E an elliptic curve without complex multiplication. We then compute the cohomology of this category. Modulo a strengthening of the Beilinson-Soulé conjecture, we show that the cohomology of our category agrees with the expected motivic cohomology groups. Finally for each pure motive (Symnh1 (E)) (–1) we construct families of nontrivial motives whose highest associated weight graded piece is (Symnh1 (E)) (–1).
Equivariant KK-theory for generalised actions and Thom isomorphism in groupoid twisted K-theory
Authors: Moutuou El-Kaïoum M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe develop equivariant KK–theory for locally compact groupoid actions by Morita equivalences on real and complex graded C*-algebras. Functoriality with respect to generalised morphisms and Bott periodicity are discussed. We introduce Stiefel-Whitney classes for real or complex equivariant vector bundles over locally compact groupoids to establish the Thom isomorphism theorem in twisted groupoid K–theory.
Recent advances in animal model experimentation in autism research
Authors: Tania Mousumi , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman , Xia Kun 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveAutism, a lifelong neuro-developmental disorder is a uniquely human condition. Animal models are not the perfect tools for the full understanding of human development and behavior, but they can be an important place to start. This review focused on the recent updates of animal model research in autism.MethodsWe have reviewed the publications over the last three decades, which are related to animal model study in autism.ResultsAnimal models are important because they allow researchers to study the underlying neurobiology in a way that is not possible in humans. Improving the availability of better animal models will help the field to increase the development of medicines that can relieve disabling symptoms. Results from the therapeutic approaches are encouraging remarkably, since some behavioral alterations could be reversed even when treatment was performed on adult mice. Finding an animal model system with similar behavioral tendencies as humans is thus vital for understanding the brain mechanisms, supporting social motivation and attention, and the manner in which these mechanisms break down in autism. The ongoing studies should therefore increase the understanding of the biological alterations associated with autism as well as the development of knowledge-based treatments therapy for those struggling with autism.ConclusionIn this review, we have presented recent advances in research based on animal models of autism, raising hope for understanding the disease biology for potential therapeutic intervention to improve the quality of life of autism individuals.
PLANT SPECIES MIXTURES FOR FORAGE PRODUCTION FOR RUMINANT FEEDING UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS
Authors: TSIPLAKOU E. , ECONOMOU G. , HADJIGEORGIOU I. , KOMINAKIS A. , ZERVAS G. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe establishment of leys for biomass production during the winter months could be an alternative feed resource of low cost for small ruminants in Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out with six plant species mixtures (PSM) that were cut up to seven times from seeding. The results showed that all the PSM had their highest growth at the 2nd cut withFestuca arundinacea,Lolium perenne,Dactylis glomerata,Trifolium repens(FLDT) being superior as the dry matter production concerns compared with the PSM that gave seven cuts. The crude protein and the ether extracts contents in all the PSM decreased from the 1st to the last cut, while that of NDF and ADF increased. The concentrations of myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid increased in all the PSMs from the 2nd to the 5th cut, while the opposite was observed for the α-linolenic acid content. The concentration of α-linolenic acid was higher in the FLDT PSM when compared to others during all cuts. Taking into account all the examined parameters together, the FLDT seems to be superior to the other PSMs as animal feed for small ruminants, particularly during the period where there is no available grass from natural grasslands.
Group therapy for people with bulimia nervosa: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Polnay A. , James V. A. W. , Hodges L. , Murray G. D. , Munro C. , Lawrie S. M. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundApproximately 25% of people with bulimia nervosa (BN) who undertake therapy are treated in groups. National guidelines do not discriminate between group and individual therapy, yet each has potential advantages and disadvantages and it is unclear how their effects compare. We therefore evaluated how group therapy for BN compares with individual therapy, no treatment, or other therapies, in terms of remission from binges and binge frequency.MethodWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of group therapies for BN, following standard guidelines.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included. Studies were generally small with unclear risk of bias. There was low-quality evidence of a clinically relevant advantage for group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) over no treatment at therapy end. Remission was more likely with group CBT versus no treatment [relative risk (RR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.96]. Mean weekly binges were lower with group CBT versus no treatment (2.9 v. 6.9, standardized mean difference = −0.56, 95% CI −0.96 to −0.15). One study provided low-quality evidence that group CBT was inferior compared with individual CBT to a clinically relevant degree for remission at therapy end (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03–1.50); there was insufficient evidence regarding frequency of binges.ConclusionsConclusions could only be reached for CBT. Low-quality evidence suggests that group CBT is effective compared with no treatment, but there was insufficient or very limited evidence about how group and individual CBT compared. The risk of bias and imprecise estimates of effect invite further research to refine and increase confidence in these findings.
mTOR plays critical roles in pancreatic cancer stem cells through specific and stemness-related functions
Authors: Matsubara Shyuichiro , Ding Qiang , Miyazaki Yumi , Kuwahata Taisaku , Tsukasa Koichiro , Takao Sonshin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPancreatic cancer is characterized by near-universal mutations in KRAS. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which functions downstream of RAS, has divergent effects on stem cells. In the present study, we investigated the significance of the mTOR pathway in maintaining the properties of pancreatic cancer stem cells. The mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, reduced the viability of CD133+ pancreatic cancer cells and sphere formation which is an index of self-renewal of stem-like cells, indicating that the mTOR pathway functions to maintain cancer stem-like cells. Further, rapamycin had different effects on CD133+ cells compared to cyclopamine which is an inhibitor of the Hedgehog pathway. Thus, the mTOR pathway has a distinct role although both pathways maintain pancreatic cancer stem cells. Therefore, mTOR might be a promising target to eliminate pancreatic cancer stem cells.
SIM-dependent enhancement of substrate-specific SUMOylation by a ubiquitin ligase in vitro
Authors: Parker Joanne L. , Ulrich Helle D. 
Published: November 2013

SIMs (SUMO-interaction motifs), which mediate the non-covalent binding of SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) to other proteins, are usually involved in the recognition of SUMOylated substrates by downstream effectors that transmit the biological signal of the modification. In ubiquitin ligase Rad18 (radiation-sensitive 18) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a SIM, contributes to the recognition of SUMOylated PCNA (proliferating-cell nuclear antigen) as its physiological ubiquitylation target. In the present study we show that Rad18 is also capable of enhancing PCNA SUMOylation in a SIM-dependent manner in vitro, most probably by means of directing SUMO-loaded Ubc9 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9) towards the substrate. The process shares important features with Rad18-dependent ubiquitylation, such as an exquisite specificity for the modification site on PCNA and the requirement of DNA, and the reaction proceeds under conditions that are widely used in other in vitro assays for SUMO ligase activity. However, there is no evidence that Rad18 contributes to PCNA SUMOylation in vivo. The findings of the present study therefore illustrate the problematic nature of in vitro SUMOylation assays and highlight the danger of extrapolating from this type of experiment to the biological function of a SUMO-interacting protein.
In vivoevidence of an age-related increase in ATP cost of contraction in the plantar flexor muscles
Authors: Layec Gwenael , Trinity Joel D. , Hart Corey R. , Kim Seong-Eun , Groot Henderik Jonathan , Le Fur Yann , Sorensen Jacob R. , Jeong Eun-Kee , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: November 2013

Impaired skeletal muscle efficiency potentially contributes to the age-related decline in exercise capacity and may explain the altered haemodynamic response to exercise in the elderly. Thus we examined whether (i) the ATP cost of contraction increases with age, and (ii) this results in altered convective O2 delivery to maintain microvascular oxygenation in the calf muscle. To this aim, we used an integrative experimental approach combining 31P-MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), Doppler ultrasound imaging and NIRS (near-IR spectroscopy) during dynamic plantar flexion exercise at 40% of WRmax (maximal power output) in 20 healthy young and 20 older subjects matched for physical activity. The ATP cost of contraction was significantly higher in the old (7.2±4.1 mM/min per W) compared with the young (2.4±1.9 mM/min per W; P&lt;0.05) and this was only significantly correlated with the plantar flexion WRmax value in the old subjects (r=−0.52; P&lt;0.05). Even when differences in power output were taken into account, end-exercise blood flow (old, 259±168 ml/min per W and young, 134±40 ml/min per W; P&lt;0.05) and convective O2 delivery (old, 0.048±0.031 l/min per W and young, 0.026±0.008 l/min per W; P&lt;0.05) were greater in the old in comparison with the young subjects. In contrast, the NIRS oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin and microvascular oxygenation indices were not significantly different between the groups (P&gt;0.05). Therefore the present study reveals that, although the peripheral haemodynamic responses to plantar flexion exercise appear to be appropriate, the elevated energy cost of contraction and associated reduction in the WRmax value in this muscle group may play a role in limiting exercise capacity with age.
Measuring non-condensable gases in steam
Authors: van Doornmalen J. P. C. M. , Kopinga K. 
Published: November 2013

In surgery, medical devices that are used should be sterilized. To obtain surface steam sterilization conditions, not only in the sterilizer chamber itself but also in the loads to be sterilized, the amount of non-condensable gases (NCGs), for instance air, should be very low. Even rather small fractions of NCGs (below 1 %) seriously hamper steam penetration in porous materials or devices with hollow channels (e.g., endoscopes). A recently developed instrument which might detect the presence of residual NCGs in a reliable and reproducible way is the 3MTM Electronic Test System (ETS). In this paper, a physical model is presented that describes the behavior of this instrument. This model has been validated by experiments in which known fractions of NCGs were introduced in a sterilizer chamber in which an ETS was placed. Despite several approximations made in the model, a good agreement is found between the model predictions and the experimental results. The basic principle of the ETS, measuring the heat transfer by condensation on a cooled surface, permits a very sensitive detection of NCGs in harsh environments like water vapor at high temperatures and pressures. Our model may serve to develop adapted and optimized versions of this instrument for use outside the field of sterilization, e.g., in heat exchangers based on steam condensation.