bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassociation of All-trans-3,4-Dihydroanhydrorhodovibrin with LH1 Subunits Isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum: Selective Binding of All-trans Isomer from Mixture of cis- and trans-Isomers
Authors: Yamamoto Mai , Horibe Tomoko , Nishisaka Yoshiaki , Suzuki Shuichi , Kozaki Masatoshi , Fujii Ritsuko , Doe Matsumi , Nango Mamoru , Okada Keiji , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The reassociation of carotenoids with the photosynthetic light-harvesting 1 (LH1) pigment–protein complex has proven to be a powerful technique to investigate the function of carotenoids. We have recently investigated the reassociation of the carotenoids, spirilloxanthin (number of conjugated C=C bonds (n) = 13), anhydrorhodovibrin (n = 12), rhodopin (n = 11), and spheroidene (n = 10)) with carotenoid-depleted LH1 subunits isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum. In the case of the rhodopin complex, small anomalies were observed in the absorption maximum of the Qy band of bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a Qy) and the singlet–singlet energy-transter efficiency of 1carotenoid* → 1BChl a* within the LH1–carotenoid complex. The reason for these anomalies could probably be ascribed to the rhodopin hydroxy group. To investigate this further, reassociation experiments of the LH1 complex with hydroxy-protected rhodopin, all-trans-3,4-dihydroanhydrorhodovibrin (1), were conducted. We observed a normal absorption maximum (883 nm) of the BChl a Qy band in the LH1–1 complex. The energy-transter efficiency of 1carotenoid* (11*) → 1BChl a* was found to be 53%, giving a good correlation with the other carotenoids. Furthermore, we found a preferential complexation of all-trans-1 to carotenoid-depleted LH1 from a 1:1 mixture of all-trans-1 and cis-1 (cis-1 consists of a 1:1 mixture of 5-cis-5′-trans-1 and 5-trans-5′-cis-1).
Attitudes of Pakistani Community Members and Staff Toward People with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Patka Mazna , Keys Christopher B. , Henry David B. , McDonald Katherine E. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The acceptance and inclusion of persons with intellectual disability can vary across cultures, and understanding attitudes can provide insight into such variation. To our knowledge, no previous study has explored attitudes toward people with intellectual disability among Pakistani community members and disability service providers. We administered the Community Living Attitudes Scale (Henry et al., 1996), a measure of attitudes toward people with intellectual disability developed in the United States, to 262 community members and 190 disability service providers in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis found a 4-factor solution (empowerment, similarity, exclusion, and sheltering) fit the Pakistani sample. More positive attitudes were observed in staff serving people with intellectual disability, females, Christians, Hindus, Sunnis, and people with greater education. We discuss implications for research, theory, and practice.
Estimating the Value of Connections to Vice-President Cheney
Authors: Fisman David , Fisman Raymond J. , Galef Julia , Khurana Rakesh , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We estimate the market valuation of personal ties to Richard Cheney. Our proxies for personal ties are based on corporate board linkages that are prevalent in the network sociology literature. We consider a number of distinct political and personal events that either affected Cheney’s political fortunes or his ability to hand out political favors. Specifically, we consider: (a) market reaction of connected companies to news of Cheney’s heart attacks; (b) market reaction of connected companies to Cheney’s being placed in charge of the vice-presidential search process and his surprise self-appointment; (c) correlation of the value of connected companies with the probability of a Bush victory in 2000; and (d) correlation of the value of connected companies with the probability of war in Iraq. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that in all cases, the value of ties to Cheney is precisely estimated as zero. We interpret this as evidence that U.S. institutions are effective in controlling rent-seeking through personal ties with high-level government officials.
The Evolution of Household Income Volatility
Authors: Dynan Karen , Elmendorf Douglas , Sichel Daniel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Using a representative longitudinal survey of U.S. households, we find that household income became noticeably more volatile between the early 1970s and the late 2000s despite the moderation seen in aggregate economic activity during this period. We estimate that the standard deviation of percent changes in household income rose about 30 percent between 1971 and 2008. This widening in the distribution of percent changes was concentrated in the tails. The share of households experiencing a 50 percent plunge in income over a two-year period climbed from about 7 percent in the early 1970s to more than 12 percent in the early 2000s before retreating to 10 percent in the run-up to the Great Recession. Households’ labor earnings and transfer payments have both become more volatile over time. As best we can tell, the rise in the volatility of men’s earnings appears to owe both to greater volatility in earnings per hour and in hours worked.
Bootstrap, Jackknife and COLS: Bias and Mean Squared Error in Estimation of Autoregressive Models
Authors: Liu-Evans Gareth D. , Phillips Garry D. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe compare a number of bias-correction methodologies in terms of mean squared error and remaining bias, including the residual bootstrap, the relatively unexplored Quenouille jackknife, and methods based on analytical approximation of moments. We introduce a new higher-order jackknife estimator for the AR(1) with constant. Simulation results are presented for four different error structures, including GARCH. We include results for a relatively extreme situation where the errors are highly skewed and leptokurtic. It is argued that the bootstrap and analytical-correction (COLS) approaches are to be favoured overall, though the jackknife methods are the least biased. We find that COLS tends to have the lowest mean squared error, though the bootstrap also does well.
Lens designs with extreme image quality features
Authors: Shafer David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In order to best assess the importance of new technologies to optical design, it is useful to consider what the limits are to what can be done with ‘old’ technologies. That may show where something new is needed to overcome the limitations of existing optical designs. This article will give a survey of some remarkable high-performance designs, some of which are extremely simple, and most of which only use technology that has already been around for decades. Each of these designs has some limitation that would be nice to overcome. One new technology that will probably revolutionize optical design will be curved surfaces on image chips.
RDA: Folgen für die Katalogisierung und die OPAC-Gestaltung
Authors: Klauß Henning 
Published: January 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Das Regelwerk RDA wird einige Veränderungen für den Katalog von Bibliotheken erbringen, die für Benutzer hilfreich sind. Dieser Fortschritt wird auch für die Katalogisierer und die Gestaltung des OPACs Fortentwicklungen erzwingen. Hierfür muss die in Bibliotheken verwendete Software sowohl hinsichtlich Katalogisierung wie OPAC fortentwickelt werden, was anhand von Beispielen gezeigt wird.
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins as E3 ligases for ubiquitin and NEDD8
Authors: Kamada Shinji 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are endogenous inhibitors for apoptosis. Apoptosis is carried out by caspases, which are the family of cystein proteases. IAPs regulate caspases through two conserved regions, the baculovirus IAP repeats (BIRs) and the really interesting new gene (RING) domains. Although the BIRs are responsible for binding to caspases, the RING domain can act as a ubiquitin-E3 ligase, leading to ubiquitylation of IAPs themselves and their pro-apoptotic IAP counterparts such as caspases. Recently, it is reported that another ubiquitin-like protein, neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8), is also involved in the regulation of apoptosis through neddylation of caspases mediated by IAPs. On the contrary, the results against the function of IAPs as a NEDD8-E3 ligase are also suggested. This review presents the summary of IAPs, caspases, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system and how their interactions influence the regulation of apoptosis.
A multiplex assay to rapidly exclude HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 expression in patients at risk for celiac disease
Authors: van Beek Ellen M. , Roelandse-Koop Elianne A. , Vijzelaar Raymon , Yilmaz Rizkat , van Hoogstraten Ingrid M.W. , Schreurs Marco W.J. , Verheul Alice A.M. , van Houte Arend Jan , Kortlandt Wouter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine induced by gluten ingestion. CD has a strong genetic association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8. The absence of HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 has a strong negative predictive value for CD. Genetic screening of HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 in patients at risk is of great value.Methods:We designed, developed, and validated a multiplex assay based on multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technology, allowing the simultaneous detection ofDQA1*05-DQB1*02, encoding HLA-DQ2.5, andDQA1*03-DQB1*03:02, encoding HLA-DQ8. The amplified products were separated and identified using capillary electrophoresis.Results:When compared with a polymerase chain reaction followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism/ heteroduplex analysis, one discrepancy was found. Sequencing analysis showed that the developed MLPA assay result was correct. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the MLPA method is able to distinguish between the heterozygote and homozygote expression of HLA-DQ2.5 or HLA-DQ8.Conclusions:This study shows that it is possible to rapidly and accurately screen for the absence of HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 using MLPA, excluding patients at risk for CD for further serological or histological follow-up. In addition, MLPA might be an accurate tool to screen for other specific HLA types in the context of disease association in a diagnostic laboratory setting.
Breast cancer stem cells: a moving target for cancer nanomedicine
Authors: Mollenhauer Jan , Knoop Ann , Bak Martin , Lænkholm Anne-Vibeke , Thomassen Mads , Kruse Torben A. , Høilund-Carlsen Poul Flemming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe identification of so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs) has sustainably changed our views on cancer by adding hierarchical principles, where tumor cells emerge from a founder population similar to steady-state regenerative processes in normal tissues. The rare founder population of CSCs is thought to be responsible for the recurrence of treatment-resistant tumors and metastatic spread and thus has been declared as the number one target for the next generation of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we will review the state of the art in research on breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), for which a huge amount of data has accumulated in the past few years. Initial studies have suggested that the CD44+/CD24- profile and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are associated with BCSCs, which has resulted in the recent identification of first compounds with BCSC-eliminating properties. In this early phase, however, it remains mostly unclear, to which extent these new compounds may exert toxicity to normal stem cells, since a substantial part targets molecular pathways critical for normal stem cell function. Moreover, these new drugs often require combination with conventional chemotherapeutics potentially posing new challenges to nanomedicine in circumventing toxicity and enabling targeted delivery. Most recent data further suggests that normal breast cancer cells might be able to re-create BCSCs and that additional, yet undiscovered kinds of BCSCs may exist. This points to future escape mechanisms. As a consequence, another broad future field of nanomedicine might be finding new drugs via systematic screening approaches. Collectively, this area provides ample possibilities for both traditional and novel nanomedical approaches.
Limitations and niches of the active targeting approach for nanoparticle drug delivery
Authors: Chen Weihsu Claire , Zhang Andrew X. , Li Shyh-Dar 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The active targeting approach has been widely employed to improve nanoparticle drug delivery. Contrary to popular conceptions, attachment of a targeting ligand to a nanopaticle does not alter its biodistribution, but only increases its internalization by target cells. Despite its potential, this strategy has drawbacks that can negate efficacy against tumors. Specifically, compared to non-targeted nanoparticles, a number of active targeting nanoparticles have decreased blood circulation time due to non-specific binding or immunogenicity, reduced tumor penetration, and high susceptibility to lysosomal degradation after internalization. In order to maximize the advantages and overcome the disadvantages, the active targeting approach is best suited for delivering membrane impermeable drugs to targets directly exposed to i.v. injected nanoparticles, such as those in circulation or in the luminal site of tumor vasculatures.
HIV-specific immunotherapy with DermaVir, the first pDNA/PEIm pathogen-like nanomedicine
Authors: Lisziewicz Julianna , Lőrincz Orsolya 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Eradication of HIV requires the clearance of latently infected cells that remained in the reservoirs after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DermaVir is the first nanomedicine that induces long-lasting cytotoxic T cells (CTL) capable to kill these HIV-infected cells. DermaVir is a synthetic “pathogen-like” nanomedicine mimicking the size, shape, surface properties, cellular entry, endosomal escape, and antigen expression features of pathogens (e.g., viruses). We can optimize the biological activity of DermaVir during the manufacturing processes by controlling the physico-chemical properties of the nanoparticles that influence its structure and intracellular mode-of-action. In the clinic, targeted delivery of DermaVir to epidermal Langerhans cells is achieved with the DermaPrep medical device. Three clinical trials consistently demonstrated long-lasting CTL induced by DermaVir in HIV-infected people and killing of HIV-infected cells compared to Placebo. Since HAART and DermaVir are complementary, we envision that their combination might be suitable to achieve the cure: HAART to potent viral load suppression and DermaVir to kill latently infected cells that get activated to produce HIV.
Additive reducts of algebraically closed valued fields
Authors: Maalouf Fares 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper we prove a form of the Zilber's trichotomy conjecture for reducts of algebraically closed valued fields of characteristic 0 which are expansions of the valued vector space structure. We prove first that a non-modular reduct of a nontrivially valued algebraically closed field containing the valued vector space structure defines a non-semilinear curve. Then we show that the expansion of such a reduct by a non-semilinear curve defines multiplication on a nonempty open set.
Weighted version of Carleson measure and multilinear Fourier multiplier
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Xue Qingying , Yabuta Kôzô 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we first establish some results about
weighted Carleson measure, and then apply them to multilinear Fourier
multiplier. By using a different method from the one used by Fujita and Tomita (2012), we obtain some weighted result of multilinear multiplier
operators by considering the missing parts of their results
in the end-point cases such as from L
2(ω) × L
∞(ω) × L
∞(ω) to L
2(ω), using
weighted Carleson measure theory and employing the multilinear
interpolation theory.
Fetal growth and developmental programming
Authors: Galjaard Sander , Devlieger Roland , Van Assche Frans A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The environment in utero and in early neonatal life may induce a permanent response in the fetus and the newborn, leading to enhanced susceptibility to later diseases. This review concentrates on the role and mechanisms of events during the antenatal and immediate postnatal period resulting in later life diseases, concentrating on abnormal growth patterns of the fetus. Fetal overgrowth is related to exposure to a diabetic intra uterine environment, increasing the vulnerability to transgenerational obesity and hence an increased sensitivity to more diabetic mothers. This effect has been supported by animal data. Fetal growth restriction is complex due to malnutrition in utero, catch up growth due to a high caloric intake and low physical activity in later life. Metabolic changes and a transgenerational effect of intra uterine malnutrition has been supported by animal data. In recent years the discovery of alterations of the genome due to different influences during embryonic life, called epigenetics, has led to the phenomenon of fetal programming resulting in changing transgenerational metabolic effects.
To ‘C’ or not to ‘C’?/Caesarean delivery upon maternal request: a review of facts, figures and guidelines
Authors: D’Souza Rohan , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The last few decades have seen an unrelenting rise in caesarean section (CS) rates. In addition to an increase in numbers of CS performed worldwide, there has also been a change in the indications for CS, a reflection of changing times. A new dilemma facing obstetricians is the increasing demand for CS in the absence of any medical indication (caesarean delivery on maternal request – CDMR). The paucity of evidence either in favour or against, the poor understanding of long-term health and financial implications and the complex ethical issues surrounding CDMR make counselling extremely challenging. Needless to say, CDMR has generated enormous interest both in the media and among health-care providers, and many national and international bodies have now issued guidelines on the topic. In this editorial, we have aimed to explore the factors responsible for the increase in CDMR rates, assess the safety and cost implications of CS and review the recent guidelines and recommendations on CDMR.
Determining the Best Track Performances of All Time Using a Conceptual Population Model for Athletics Records
Authors: Stephenson Alec G. , Tawn Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhat is the best male and female athletics performance in history? We seek to answer this question for Olympic distance track events by simultaneously modelling race performances over all Olympic distances and all times. Our model uses techniques from a branch of statistics called extreme value theory, and incorporates information on improvements over time using an exponential trend in addition to a process which identifies the changing ability of the population of athletes across all distances. We conclude that the best male performance of all time is the 1968 world record of Lee Evans in the 400 m, and that the best female performance of all time is the current 1988 world record of Florence Griffith-Joyner in the 100 m. More generally, our approach provides a basis for deriving a ranking of track athletes over any distance and at any point over the last 100 years.
New records of the Spectacled Slender Opossum Marmosops ocellatus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) with comments on its geographic distribution limits
Authors: Semedo Thiago Borges Fernandes , Rossi Rogério Vieira , Júnior Tarcísio S. Santos 
Published: January 2013

Abstractis a small didelphid marsupial that inhabits central and western South America, including Bolivia and western Brazil. In this report, we provide new distributional records based on 14 specimens deposited in mammal collections. Records from Vale de São Domingos and Cáceres, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, extend approximately 200 km northeastward of the currently known range of the species. Considering our records and those from the literature, we believe that
Promises and challenges of nanoplasmonic devices for refractometric biosensing
Authors: Dahlin Andreas B. , Wittenberg Nathan J. , Höök Fredrik , Oh Sang-Hyun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Optical biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in metallic thin films are currently standard tools for measuring molecular binding kinetics and affinities – an important task for biophysical studies and pharmaceutical development. Motivated by recent progress in the design and fabrication of metallic nanostructures, such as nanoparticles or nanoholes of various shapes, researchers have been pursuing a new generation of biosensors harnessing tailored plasmonic effects in these engineered nanostructures. Nanoplasmonic devices, while demanding nanofabrication, offer tunability with respect to sensor dimension and physical properties, thereby enabling novel biological interfacing opportunities and extreme miniaturization. Here we provide an integrated overview of refractometric biosensing with nanoplasmonic devices and highlight some recent examples of nanoplasmonic sensors capable of unique functions that are difficult to accomplish with conventional SPR. For example, since the local field strength and spatial distribution can be readily tuned by varying the shape and arrangement of nanostructures, biomolecular interactions can be controlled to occur in regions of high field strength. This may improve signal-to-noise and also enable sensing a small number of molecules. Furthermore, the nanoscale plasmonic sensor elements may, in combination with nanofabrication and materials-selective surface-modifications, make it possible to merge affinity biosensing with nanofluidic liquid handling.
Ultra-thin gold films on transparent polymers
Authors: Leosson Kristjan , Ingason Arni S. , Agnarsson Bjorn , Kossoy Anna , Olafsson Sveinn , Gather Malte C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFabrication of continuous ultra-thin gold films (<10 nm) on the surface of optical polymers (CYCLOTENE and ORMOCLEAR) is reported. Using a range of electrical, optical and structural characterization techniques, we show that polymers can be superior to more conventional (inorganic) materials as optical substrates for realizing ultra-thin gold films. Using these transparent polymer substrates, smooth, patternable gold films can be fabricated with conventional deposition techniques at room temperature, without adhesion or seeding layers, facilitating new photonic and plasmonic nanostructures, including transparent electrical contacts, thin film waveguides, metamaterials, biosensors and high-contrast superlenses.