Abstract IA17: Targeting the methylome for epigenetic resensitization of ovarian cancer
Authors: Nephew Kenneth P. , Matei Daniela , Taverna Pietro , Fang Fang , Tang Jessica , Choy Gavin , Lyons John , Azab Mohammad , Pilrose Jay , Turchi John 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Women with advanced stage ovarian cancer (OC) have a five-year survival rate of less than 25%. Although most patients respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, relapses are common, leading to platinum-resistant OC, which is uniformly fatal. OC progression is associated with accumulation of epigenetic alterations. In particular, deoxycytosine methylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) plays a prominent role in the development and progression of drug-resistant epithelial OC. We recently demonstrated for the first time in a clinical trial that therapeutic interventions targeting the OC methylome reverse drug resistance and induce meaningful clinical responses. We showed that repetitive low-dose decitabine reactivated silenced genes and restored sensitivity to carboplatin, providing strong clinical and biological support for further study of hypomethylating agents in heavily pre-treated, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. While the FDA-approved demethylating agent decitabine is prone to deamination by cytidine deaminase, SGI-110 (Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a dinucleotide analogue of decitabine, is more stable, less toxic, and a promising alternative to restoring silenced TSG expression in cancer cells by reversal of DNA methylation. Our preclinical evaluation demonstrated that SGI-110 resensitized platinum-resistant OC cell lines to cisplatin (CDDP) (3-fold reduction in IC50) and reduced the CDDP IC50. SGI-110 treatment induced significant demethylation and subsequent transcriptional derepression of tumor suppressors and differentiation-associated genes in OC cells. SGI-110 alone or in combination with CDDP was well tolerated in non-tumor bearing mice. Significant antitumor activity was observed in mice harboring subcutaneous OC tumors and treated with single SGI-110 and SGI-110 + CDDP treatment in both a biweekly and daily (QD5) regimen. In addition to reducing tumor growth in xenografts, SGI therapy was effective in causing global as well as TSG demethylation and gene reexpression in vivo. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of SGI-110 was associated with reduced chromatin compaction, allowing greater CDDP intercalation into DNA, as assessed by increased DNA platinum adducts in SGI-treated OC cells. The results of our preclinical study support our recently activated clinical trial NCT01696032 using SGI-110 in combination with carboplatin in patients with recurrent, platinum-resistant OC. Clinical specimens (tumor and plasma samples) will be analyzed for epigenetic biomarker changes. We seek to bring forward the new concept of epigenetic targeting in platinum resistant OC by priming the tumors with SGI-110 and set the stage for interventions targeting the OC epigenome, as well as guide and impact the design of future clinical investigations in OC.
Citation Format: Kenneth P. Nephew, Daniela Matei, Pietro Taverna, Fang Fang, Jessica Tang, Gavin Choy, John Lyons, Mohammad Azab, Jay Pilrose, John Turchi. Targeting the methylome for epigenetic resensitization of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.