bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Herpesvirus Capsid Motility Is Not Dependent on F-Actin
Authors: Bosse Jens B. , Virding Stina , Thiberge Stephan Y. , Scherer Julian , Wodrich Harald , Ruzsics Zsolt , Koszinowski Ulrich H. , Enquist Lynn W. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
A considerable part of the herpesvirus life cycle takes place in the host nucleus. While much progress has been made to understand the molecular processes required for virus replication in the nucleus, much less is known about the temporal and spatial dynamics of these events. Previous studies have suggested that nuclear capsid motility is directed and dependent on actin filaments (F-actin), possibly using a myosin-based, ATP-dependent mechanism. However, the conclusions from these studies were indirect. They either relied on the effects of F-actin depolymerizing drugs to deduce an F-actin dependency or they visualized nuclear F-actin but failed to show a direct link to capsid motility. Moreover, no direct link between nuclear capsid motility and a molecular motor has been established. In this report, we reinvestigate the involvement of F-actin in nuclear herpesvirus capsid transport. We show for representative members of all three herpesvirus subfamilies that nuclear capsid motility is not dependent on nuclear F-actin and that herpesvirus infection does not induce nuclear F-actin in primary fibroblasts. Moreover, in these cells, three F-actin-inhibiting drugs failed to effect capsid motility. Only latrunculin A treatment stalled nuclear capsids but did so by an unexpected effect: the drug induced actin rods in the nucleus. Immobile capsids accumulated around actin rods, and immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that capsid motility stopped because latrunculin-induced actin rods nonspecifically bind nuclear capsids. Interestingly, capsid motility was unaffected in cells that do not induce actin rods. Based on these data, we conclude that herpesvirus nuclear capsid motility is not dependent on F-actin.

IMPORTANCE
Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses whose replication is dependent on the host nucleus. However, we do not understand how key nuclear processes, including capsid assembly, genome replication, capsid packaging, and nuclear egress, are dynamically connected in space and time. Fluorescence live-cell microscopy revealed that nuclear capsids are highly mobile early in infection. Two studies suggested that this motility might be due to active myosin-based transport of capsids on nuclear F-actin. However, direct evidence for such motor-based transport is lacking. We revisited this phenomenon and found no evidence that nuclear capsid motility depended on F-actin. Our results reopen the question of how nuclear herpesvirus capsids move in the host nucleus.
The right ventricle following prolonged endurance exercise: are we overlooking the more important side of the heart? A meta-analysis
Authors: Elliott Adrian D , La Gerche Andre 
Published: October 2014

AimsProlonged endurance exercise is associated with elevated biomarkers associated with myocardial damage and modest evidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Recent studies have reported more profound effects on right ventricular (RV) function following endurance exercise. We performed a meta-analysis of studies reporting RV function pre-endurance and postendurance exercise.MethodsWe performed a search of peer-reviewed studies with the criteria for inclusion in the analysis being (1) healthy adult participants; (2) studies examining RV function following an event of at least 90 min duration; (3) studies reporting RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RV strain (S), RV ejection fraction (RVEF) or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and (4) studies evaluating RV function immediately (<1 h) following exercise.ResultsFourteen studies were included with 329 participants. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed significant impairments of RV function when assessed by RVFAC (weighted mean difference (WMD) −5.78%, 95% CI −7.09% to −4.46%), S (WMD 3.71%, 95% CI 2.79% to 4.63%), RVEF (WMD −7.05%, 95% CI −12.3% to −1.8%) and TAPSE (WMD −4.77 mm, 95% CI −8.3 to −1.24 mm). Modest RV dilation was evident in studies reporting RV systolic area postexercise (WMD 1.79 cm2, 95% CI 0.5 to 3.08 cm2). In contrast, no postexercise changes in LV systolic function (expressed as LVFAC or LVEF) were observed in the included studies (standardised mean difference 0.03%, 95% CI −0.13% to 0.18%).ConclusionsIntense prolonged exercise is associated with a measurable reduction in RV function while LV function is relatively unaffected. Future studies should examine the potential clinical consequences of repeated prolonged endurance exercise on the right ventricle.
A pilot study of a wearable apnoea detection device
Authors: Rodriguez-Villegas Esther , Chen Gwangwei , Radcliffe Jeremy , Duncan John 
Published: October 2014

RationaleCurrent techniques for monitoring patients for apnoea suffer from significant limitations. These include insufficient availability to meet diagnostic needs, cost, accuracy of results in the presence of artefacts and difficulty of use in unsupervised conditions.ObjectivesWe created and clinically tested a novel miniature medical device that targets overcoming these limitations.MethodsWe studied 20 healthy control participants and 10 patients who had been referred for sleep apnoea diagnosis. The performances of the new system and also of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved SOMNO clinical system, conventionally used for sleep apnoea diagnosis were evaluated under the same conditions. Both systems were tested during a normal night of sleep in controls and patients. Their performances were quantified in terms of detection of apnoea and hypopnoea in individual 10 s epochs, which were compared with scoring of signals by a blinded clinician.Main resultsFor spontaneous apnoeas during natural sleep and considering the clinician scorer as the gold standard, the new wearable apnoea detection device had 88.6% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. In comparison the SOMNO system had 14.3% sensitivity and 99.3% specificity. The novel device had been specifically designed to detect apnoea, but if apnoea and hypopnoea during sleep were both considered in the assessment, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.1% and 99.7%, respectively, versus 54% and 98.5%, respectively, for the SOMNO.ConclusionsThe performance of the novel device compares very well to the scoring by an experienced clinician even in the presence of breathing artefacts, in this small pilot study. This can potentially make it a real solution for apnoea home monitoring.
Association between serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and atherosclerosis: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Fukuda Takuya , Hamaguchi Masahide , Kojima Takao , Ohshima Yasuhiro , Ohbora Akihiro , Kato Takahiro , Nakamura Naoto , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as an indicator for atherosclerosis in Japanese men and women after adjusting for fatty liver.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA health check-up centre in Japan.Participants912 Japanese men and women aged 24–84 years recruited from people who received a medical health check-up programme with a standardised questionnaire and an automatic waveform analyser to measure baPWV.Main outcome measuresWe measured serum GGT concentrations and baPWV. Fatty liver was diagnosed by standardised criteria using abdominal ultrasonography. The postmenopausal state was defined as beginning 1 year after the cessation of menses.ResultsIn women, log2GGT was positively associated with baPWV (β=0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.19, p<0.05), independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, fatty liver, menopausal state and parameters of lifestyles. However, in men, the positive association of log2GGT with baPWV was not significant (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.03, p=0.28) in multivariable linear regression analyses.ConclusionsThe serum GGT level was associated with baPWV, independently of covariates including fatty liver or menopausal state just in women, but not in men.
The effect of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation intervention comparing HRQoL, symptom burden and physical function among patients with primary glioma: an RCT study protocol
Authors: Hansen Anders , Rosenbek Minet Lisbeth Kirstine , Søgaard Karen , Jarden Jens Ole 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionGliomas are among the biggest challenges in neurological and oncology rehabilitation and optimising treatment is of major clinical importance in this population. Although inpatient rehabilitation among glioma patients’ results in improved functional measures, rehabilitation efforts are still not emphasised in this patient group and the literature lacks studies investigating the impact of outpatient rehabilitation.MethodThis protocol describes a randomised 6-week parallel group rehabilitation study investigating an outpatient interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme. The intervention consists of 6 weeks intensive physiotherapy as groups exercise in conjunction with 0–6 weeks of individual occupational therapy if a need is present. The aim of this study is to describe the design of the upcoming randomised control trial (RCT). The results of the RCT will add to the growing body of literature investigating the potential role of exercise as a supportive therapeutic intervention for a patient with cancer.Ethics and disseminationThe project is approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committees for Southern Denmark under Project-ID: (S-20140108) and by the Danish Data Protection Agency (J. no.2008-58-0035). Dissemination will occur through presentation and findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. The key strength of this study is its randomised design and it is the first study to investigate a standardised outpatient interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme among patients with glioma. A potential limitation is the uncertainty and risk of side effects to the concomitant treatment, which enhances the risk of dropout.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT02221986.
Rate of venous thromboembolism among surgical patients in Australian hospitals: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Assareh Hassan , Chen Jack , Ou Lixin , Hollis Stephanie J , Hillman Kenneth , Flabouris Arthas 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesDespite the burden of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among surgical patients on health systems in Australia, data on VTE incidence and its variation within Australia are lacking. We aim to explore VTE and subsequent mortality rates, trends and variations across Australian acute public hospitals.SettingA large retrospective cohort study using all elective surgical patients in 82 acute public hospitals during 2002–2009 in New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsPatients underwent elective surgery within 2 days of admission, aged between 18 and 90 years, and who were not transferred to another acute care facility; 4 362 624 patients were included.Outcome measuresVTE incidents were identified by secondary diagnostic codes. Poisson mixed models were used to derive adjusted incidence rates and rate ratios (IRR).Results2/1000 patients developed postoperative VTE. VTE increased by 30% (IRR=1.30, CI 1.19 to 1.42) over the study period. Differences in the VTE rates, trends between hospital peer groups and between hospitals with the highest and those with the lowest rates were significant (between-hospital variation). Smaller hospitals, accommodated in two peer groups, had the lowest overall VTE rates (IRR=0.56:0.33 to 0.95; IRR=0.37:0.23 to 0.61) and exhibited a greater increase (64% and 237% vs 19%) overtime and greater between-hospital variations compared to larger hospitals (IRR=8.64:6.23 to 11.98; IRR=8.92:5.49 to 14.49 vs IRR=3.70:3.32 to 4.12). Mortality among patients with postoperative VTE was 8% and remained stable overtime. No differences in post-VTE death rates and trends were seen between hospital groups; however, larger hospitals exhibited less between-hospital variations (IRR=1.78:1.30 to 2.44) compared to small hospitals (IRR>23). Hospitals performed differently in prevention versus treatment of postoperative VTE.ConclusionsVTE incidence is increasing and there is large variation between-hospital and within-hospital peer groups suggesting a varied compliance with VTE preventative strategies and the potential for targeted interventions and quality improvement opportunities.
Evaluation of long-term clinical and health service outcomes following coronary artery revascularisation in Western Australia (WACARP): a population-based cohort study protocol
Authors: Gardner C , Rankin J M , Geelhoed E , Nguyen M , Newman M , Cutlip D , Knuiman M W , Briffa T G , Hobbs M S T , Sanfilippo F M 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are procedures commonly performed on patients with significant obstructive coronary artery disease to relieve symptoms of ischaemia, improve survival or both. Although the efficacy of both procedures at the individual level has been established, the impact of advances in coronary artery revascularisation procedures (CARP) on long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness at the population level are yet to be assessed. Our aim is to evaluate a minimum of 6-year outcomes and costs for the total population of patients who had CARP in Western Australia (WA) in 2000–2005.Methods and analysisThis retrospective population cohort study will link clinical and administrative health data for a previously defined cohort including all patients in WA who had a CARP in the period 2000–2005. The cohort consists of 19 014 patients who had 21 175 procedures (15 429 PCI and 5746 CABG). We are now collecting a minimum of 6 years follow-up of morbidity and mortality data for the cohort using the WA Data Linkage System, clinical registries and hospital records, with 12 years follow-up for cases in the year 2000. Comparison of long-term outcomes for different CARP will be reported (PCI vs CABG; bare metal stents vs drug-eluting stents vs CABG). Cost-effectiveness analysis of CARP from the perspective of the healthcare sector will be performed using individual level cost data and average costs from Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethics approval from the University of Western Australia, the Western Australian Department of Health and all participating hospitals. Being a large population cohort study, approval included a waiver of informed consent. All findings will be presented at local, national and international healthcare/academic conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.
CADM1,MALandmiR124-2methylation analysis in cervical scrapes to detect cervical and endometrial cancer
Authors: De Strooper Lise M A , van Zummeren Marjolein , Steenbergen Renske D M , Bleeker Maaike C G , Hesselink Albertus T , Wisman G Bea A , Snijders Peter J F , Heideman Daniëlle A M , Meijer Chris J L M 
Published: October 2014

AimsGene promoter hypermethylation is recognised as an essential early step in carcinogenesis, indicating important application areas for DNA methylation analysis in early cancer detection. The current study was set out to assess the performance ofCADM1,MALandmiR124-2 methylation analysis in cervical scrapes for detection of cervical and endometrial cancer.MethodsA series of cervical scrapes of women with cervical (n=79) or endometrial (n=21) cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) (n=16) or CIN2 (n=32), and women without evidence of CIN2 or worse (n=120) were assessed for methylation ofCADM1,MALandmiR124-2. Methylation analysis was done by the PreCursor-M assay, a multiplex quantitative methylation-specific PCR.ResultsAll samples of women with cervical cancer (79/79, 100%), independent of the histotype, and 76% (16/21; 95% CI 58.0% to 94.4%) of women with endometrial cancer scored positive for DNA methylation for at least one of the three genes. In women without cancer, methylation frequencies increased significantly with severity of disease from 19.2% (23/120; 95% CI 12.1% to 26.2%) in women without CIN2 or worse to 37.5% (12/32; 95% CI 20.7% to 54.3%) and 68.8% (11/16; 95% CI 46.0% to 91.5%) in women with CIN2 and CIN3, respectively. Overall methylation positivity and the number of methylated genes increased proportionally to the lesion severity.ConclusionsDNA methylation analysis ofCADM1,MALandmiR124-2in cervical scrapes consistently detects cervical cancer and the majority of CIN3 lesions, and has the capacity to broaden its use on cervical scrapes through the detection of a substantial subset of endometrial carcinomas.
Assessment of intra-aneurysmal flow modification after flow diverter stent placement with four-dimensional flow MRI: a feasibility study
Authors: Pereira Vitor Mendes , Brina Olivier , Delattre Benedicte M A , Ouared Rafik , Bouillot Pierre , Erceg Gorislav , Schaller Karl , Lovblad Karl-Olof , Vargas Maria-Isabel 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundFlow diverter stents (FDS) have been effectively used for the endovascular treatment of sidewall intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Unlike standard endovascular treatments used to exclude directly the aneurysm bulge from the parent vessel, FDS induce reduction in the intra-aneurysmal flow and promote progressive and stable thrombosis therein. The advent of FDS has therefore increased the need for understanding of IA hemodynamics.MethodsWe proposed the use of the most recently evolved four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI technique to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively post-FDS flow modification in 10 patients. We report intra-aneurysmal velocity measurements and the influence of metal artifacts induced by the stent.ResultsAn index was defined to quantitatively measure flow changes—namely, the proportional velocity reduction ratio (PVRR)—with ranges from 34.6% to 71.1%. Furthermore, we could compare streamlines characterizing the post-stent flow patterns in five patients in whom the intra-aneurysmal velocity was beyond the visualization threshold of 7.69 cm/s.ConclusionsDespite metal artifacts and the low velocities involved, 4D flow MRI could be of interest to measure qualitatively and quantitatively flow changes in stented aneurysms. However, further enhancements are required together with further validation work before it can be considered for clinical use.
Transient millwheel heart murmur and cardiorespiratory alterations in a dachshund during hemilaminectomy
Authors: Chebroux Alexandre , McMillan Matthew 
Published: October 2014

A four‐year‐old dachshund was admitted for progressive para‐paresis. The dog had no signs of cardiovascular disease, and cardiac auscultation was unremarkable. The dog was anaesthetised for MRI and subsequently hemilaminectomy. During surgery, drops in blood pressure and end‐tidal carbon dioxide were observed concurrent to surgical site haemorrhage. At this time, a rumbling/churning ‘millwheel’‐type cardiac murmur was detected via an oesophageal stethoscope. Other anomalies, such as arrhythmias and tachypnoea, were also observed. The planned surgery was shortened and the dog made a full uneventful recovery. The heart murmur audible externally immediately after recovery, disappeared over the following 12 hours. The events reported are compatible with the occurrence of a venous air embolism (VAE). Review of the literature indicates that subclinical VAE might be more frequent than usually believed, as precursor signs might be tenuous and non‐evocative of VAE. Awareness of this potentially life‐threatening complication should be raised.
Assessment of inbreeding resulting from selection for scrapie resistance: a model for rare sheep breeds
Authors: Brown C. , Orford M. , Tzamaloukas O. , Mavrogenis A. P. , Miltiadou D. 
Published: October 2014

Inbreeding in a small population of Chios sheep undergoing intense selection for the PrP gene was assessed 10 years after the beginning of a scrapie resistance selection programme. Inbreeding in this stock, already under selection for production traits, was analysed by using pedigree records containing 10,492 animals from 1968 to 2008, and also by genotyping 192 individuals with a panel of 15 microsatellites. Genetic markers indicated a loss of heterozygosity (FIS over all loci was 0.059) and allelic diversity (mean effective number of alleles was 3.075±0.275). The annual rate of inbreeding increased significantly after the start of the scrapie resistance programme, ΔF=0.005 compared with ΔF=0.001 before 1999, and was subjected to several genetic bottlenecks, mainly due to the low initial frequency of resistant animals. However, the mean individual inbreeding coefficient estimated from the pedigree – in this closed stock resembling the case of a rare breed – stood at the level of 4.5 per cent, five generations after the implementation of selection for the PrP gene. The inbreeding coefficient estimated by genetic markers was 4.37 per cent, implying that such a marker panel could be a useful and cost‐effective tool for estimating inbreeding in unrecorded populations.
Epidemiological Models of Directly Transmitted Diseases: An Approach via Fuzzy Sets Theory
Authors: Barros L. C. , Oliveira R. Z. G. , Leite M. B. F. , Bassanezi R. C. 
Published: October 2014

In this article, we consider environmental and demographic fuzziness when the varying uncertainties are modelled by Fuzzy Set Theory. In the first case the uncertainties are considered in the parameters of the model, frequently described by differential equations. In the second the state variables and their variation rates are linguistic and related through fuzzy rules. Here we proposed a methodology to study stability of equilibriums for systems whose direction field is partially known and given by a fuzzy rules. From the results it is possible to obtain much relevant information that can help in the study of classic models. However this methodology can be applied to more complex epidemiological mathematical models. With the goal of making comparisons with the results of the classic model, we apply these ideas in the formulation of the SIS model (susceptible-infectedsusceptible), which is the model that describes a disease in which individual recovers but does not develop any kind of immunity. The basic reproduction values (R0) for the fuzzy model and the classic model are compared. For the SIS model described by a system based on fuzzy rules, instead of differential equations, the stability of the equilibrium point is analyzed using the Lyapunov function. Also, parameter estimation from fuzzy modelling is considered.
The contribution of offshore seismic data to understanding the evolution of the New Zealand continent
Authors: Uruski Chris 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Reconnaissance 2D seismic reflection data intended to investigate the petroleum potential of New Zealand's marine territories have contributed many insights into the geological evolution of the large continental block that surrounds New Zealand. These include:

definition of a back-thrust system to the Mesozoic Gondwana subduction margin along the Northland–Reinga Basin and the transition to back-arc rifting;

the development of a Mesozoic back-arc rift system through the present New Caledonia and probably the Bounty troughs;

the Early Cretaceous cause, at least locally, of the cessation of subduction along the New Zealand sector of the Gondwana margin;

evidence for anticlockwise rotation of eastern New Zealand relative to the west in Late Eocene time;

an explanation for the development of the Alpine Fault and the South Island compressional strike-slip margin between the Pacific and Australian plates through South Island.