bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonaqueous emulsion polymerization: A practical synthetic route for the production of molecularly imprinted nanospheres
Authors: Dvorakova Gita , Haschick Robert , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus , Biffis Andrea 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMonodisperse, molecularly imprinted nanospheres were synthesized by nonaqueous (mini)emulsion polymerization using a standard monomer mixture of methacrylic acid and ethylene dimethacrylate containing the drug propranolol as a template. The preparation conditions (solvent, amount of surfactant, and amount of employed template) were extensively varied in order to assess their effect on the properties of the resulting polymer nanoparticles. The molecular recognition capability of the nanospheres was evaluated in batch rebinding experiments, and the effect of the nanosphere preparation conditions as well as of the reaction conditions was investigated. In this way, optimal preparation protocols for molecularly imprinted nanoparticles under nonaqueous conditions with the use of a nonionic emulsifier were identified, which lead to nanospheres with a diameter of around 100 nm having an enhanced capacity of specific template rebinding compared to both nonimprinted nanospheres and to particles obtained by emulsion polymerization in water. Best results were obtained with nanospheres prepared in N,N‐dimethylformamide/n‐hexane with a high functional monomer to template ratio. The enantioselectivity of the rebinding process was also demonstrated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Cellulose‐based macroinitiator for crosslinked poly(butyl methacrylate‐co‐pentaerythritol triacrylate) oil‐absorbing materials by SET‐LRP
Authors: Fan Lijun , Chen Hou , Hao Zhihai , Tan Zhi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCellulose produced from cotton fibers was used as substrate for synthesis of oil‐absorbing materials by single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization. The cellulose macroinitiator was prepared by esterification of hydroxyl group with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide (BiBB), followed by grafting with butyl methacrylate (BMA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) to render a three‐dimensional architecture. The polymerization was catalyzed by Cu(0) powder/hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and performed in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Effects of cellulose, catalyst, reaction temperature, and time were investigated in detail. The maximum oil absorption to chloroform and toluene could reach 29.0 and 15.4 g·g−1, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Rapid, metal‐free room temperature vulcanization produces silicone elastomers
Authors: Fawcett Amanda S. , Grande John B. , Brook Michael A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSilicone room temperature vulcanization elastomers are usually formed through either a platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation or tin‐catalyzed moisture cure. In this article, we show that it is possible to create robust, transparent silicone elastomers without the need for metal catalysts. Hydrogen‐terminated silicone polymers are crosslinked by tri‐ or tetraalkoxysilane crosslinkers in a condensation process catalyzed by the presence of trispentafluorophenylborane catalyst to give elastomers and alkane by‐products. This procedure allows for very fast cure times (< 30 s to a tack free state): the process is more conveniently controlled with the addition of a small amount of solvent. Physical and mechanical properties are readily modified by control of the chain length of the starting polymer, the functionality and nature of the alkoxy group on the crosslinker. Organofunctional groups, useful for further polymer modification, can optionally be incorporated by judicious choice of readily available starting materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
A toolbox for parameter‐free predictions of solid‐state properties of monodisperse glassy polymers with frozen‐in molecular orientation
Authors: De Focatiis Davide S. A. , Buckley C. Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study presents a toolbox for the prediction of birefringence and craze initiation stress in oriented monodisperse linear amorphous polymers. The toolbox is assembled from a previously proposed melt–solid constitutive model that provides the necessary residual stress components required for predictions of birefringence and craze initiation stress. The Likhtman–McLeish theory for linear rheology of entangled polymers is used to generate the low reduced frequency part of the linear viscoelastic spectrum, the only molar mass‐dependent input parameter. All other parameters are obtained by experiment or from literature and can be considered material constants. Toolbox predictions are compared to new experimental data on two grades of linear monodisperse polystyrene (PS) of known molar mass but unknown rheology and to literature data. The toolbox is able to account for the role of molar mass on birefringence and craze initiation stress of PS subjected to supraentanglement orientation processes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Plate‐out in PVC extrusion. II. Lubricant effects on the formation of die plate‐out in lead‐based rigid PVC formulations
Authors: Varshney Neil , Gilbert Marianne , Walon Marc , Schiller Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPlate‐out is an extrusion phenomenon that causes formulators and processors significant problems when processing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). It is an unwanted deposit that forms on the die, calibration, and degassing sections of extrusion equipment that can cause unacceptable streaking and scoring on the final product through continued deposition. In a previous paper, the authors used a range of analytical techniques to identify inorganic and organic components found in samples of industrial plate‐out. This paper describes a laboratory methodology to determine the statistically significant properties of polyethylene wax lubricants that contribute to plate‐out. A small‐scale twin‐screw extruder equipped with a plate‐out‐sensitive die was used to analyze lead‐based window profile formulations containing various homopolymer grades of polyethylene wax and oxidized polyethylene or high‐density polyethylene lubricants. The influence of these waxes on plate‐out is explained in terms of generally accepted lubricant theory, as well as theory proposed by other workers, such as Lippoldt. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Waste newsprint fibers for the reinforcement of radiation‐cured (styrene‐butadiene rubber)‐based composites. Part ii characterization and thermal properties
Authors: El‐Nemr Khaled F. , Ali Magdy A. , Hassan Medhat M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWaste newsprint fibers were used as reinforcing fillers in composite materials based on a styrene‐butadiene rubber matrix. Surface modification of the fibers was carried out by polystyrene emulsion treatment, and copolymerization with the rubber matrix was done by a radiation technique. Characterization of the modified surfaces and the adhesion between the treated newsprint paper fibers and the rubber matrix involved a variety of techniques, including X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, which revealed that the surface modification did occur and that it affected adhesion between the treated fibers and the rubber matrix upon irradiation. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the fibers was enhanced by the treatment and that the thermal stability of irradiated composites was increased by the addition of treated newsprint fiber. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Contents of Fatty Acids, Selected Lipids and Physicochemical Properties of Western Australian Sandalwood Seed Oil
Authors: Hettiarachchi D. S. , Liu Y. D. , Boddy M. R. , Fox J. E. D. , Sunderland V. B. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe study was designed to characterise two extracts of Western Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) seed oils for their physicochemical and lipid characteristics. Sandalwood plantation's surplus seeds could be used for their oil content, to improve the commercial viability of this industry. The seed oils were obtained by solvent extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction respectively. Important physicochemical parameters were compared with other oils commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Acid values were found to be higher (6.0–7.5 mg KOH/1 g oil) while peroxide values (6.7–9.0 mequiv/Kg) were lower than reported for other oils. Tocopherols were found to be lower than those usually reported for nut oils (α‐tocopherol 1–3 mg/100 g; δ‐tocopherol 2.2–5.7 mg/100 g), squalenes and phytosterols were found in considerable quantities. The fatty acid content consisted largely of ximenynic acid (35 %) and oleic acid (52 %). No oxidative derivatives of fatty acids were observed. Although there were statistically significant differences in some properties, the magnitude of these were insufficient to conclude there were any notable differences in the two oil extracts.
Benefits of combined cholinesterase inhibitor and memantine treatment in moderate–severe Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gauthier Serge , Molinuevo José L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies and post hoc analyses have investigated the use of combination therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We review the evidence for the short‐ and long‐term efficacy of combination therapy in AD.MethodsThe review is based on a search of the PubMed database to identify relevant articles concerning combination treatment with memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs).ResultsIn patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD, combination treatment with the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist memantine and the ChEI donepezil has produced significant benefits in cognition, function, behavior, global outcome, and care dependency, compared with donepezil treatment alone. Data from long‐term observational studies support these findings. Compared with ChEI monotherapy, combination treatment slowed cognitive and functional decline (a 4‐year sustained effect that appeared to increase over time) and reduced the risk of nursing home admission. Preclinically, the combination of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor modulation and acetylcholinesterase inhibition has been shown to act synergistically, which may explain the observed clinical effects of combination treatment.ConclusionTreatment with memantine/ChEI combination therapy in moderate‐to‐severe AD produces consistent benefits that appear to increase over time, and that are beyond those of ChEI treatment alone.
Systematic review of the body of evidence for the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis of dementia
Authors: Noel‐Storr Anna H. , Flicker Leon , Ritchie Craig W. , Nguyen Giang Huong , Gupta Tarun , Wood Phillip , Walton Josephine , Desai Meera , Solomon Danielle Fraser , Molena Emma , Worrall Rosemary , Hayen Anja , Choudhary Prateek , Ladds Emma , Lanctôt Krista L. , Verhey Frans R. , McCleery Jenny M. , Mead Gillian E. , Clare Linda , Fioravanti Mario , Hyde Chris , Marcus Sue , McShane Rupert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recent diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease propose the use of biomarkers, validation of these biomarkers by diagnostic test accuracy studies is a necessary first step, followed by the synthesis of the evidence from these studies in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. The quality of the resulting evidence depends on the number and size of the primary studies, their quality, and the adequacy of their reporting. This systematic review assesses the weight and quality of the evidence available from primary diagnostic test accuracy studies.MethodsA MEDLINE search was performed in August 2011 to identify all potentially relevant publications relating to the biomarkers β‐amyloid, tau, positron emission tomography (18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose or ligands for amyloid), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The reporting and methodology were assessed using the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies assessment tools, respectively. Because clinical progression to dementia is the most commonly used reference standard, this review focuses on participants with objective cognitive impairment but no dementia at baseline.ResultsOf the 19,104 published references identified by the search, 142 longitudinal studies relating to the biomarkers of interest were identified, which included subjects who had objective cognitive impairment but no dementia at baseline. The highest number of studies (n = 70) and of participants (n = 4722) related to structural MRI. MRI also yielded the highest number of studies with extractable data for meta‐analysis (n = 32 [46% of all structural MRI studies]), followed by cerebrospinal fluid tau (n = 24 [73%]). There were few studies on positron emission tomography ligands for amyloid having suitable data for meta‐analysis (n = 4). There was considerable variation across studies in reporting outcomes, methods of blinding and selection, means of accounting for indeterminate or missing values, the interval between the test and assessments, and the determination of test thresholds.ConclusionsThe body of evidence for biomarkers is not large and is variable across the different types of biomarkers. Important information is missing from many study reports, highlighting the need for standardization of methodology and reporting to improve the rigor of biomarker validation.
Standardization of analysis sets for reporting results from ADNI MRI data
Authors: Wyman Bradley T. , Harvey Danielle J. , Crawford Karen , Bernstein Matt A. , Carmichael Owen , Cole Patricia E. , Crane Paul K. , DeCarli Charles , Fox Nick C. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Hill Derek , Killiany Ronald J. , Pachai Chahin , Schwarz Adam J. , Schuff Norbert , Senjem Matthew L. , Suhy Joyce , Thompson Paul M. , Weiner Michael , Jack Clifford R. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) three‐dimensional T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions provide a rich data set for developing and testing analysis techniques for extracting structural endpoints. To promote greater rigor in analysis and meaningful comparison of different algorithms, the ADNI MRI Core has created standardized analysis sets of data comprising scans that met minimum quality control requirements. We encourage researchers to test and report their techniques against these data. Standard analysis sets of volumetric scans from ADNI‐1 have been created, comprising screening visits, 1‐year completers (subjects who all have screening, 6‐ and 12‐month scans), 2‐year annual completers (screening, 1‐year and 2‐year scans), 2‐year completers (screening, 6‐months, 1‐year, 18‐months [mild cognitive impaired (MCI) only], and 2‐year scans), and complete visits (screening, 6‐month, 1‐year, 18‐month [MCI only], 2‐year, and 3‐year [normal and MCI only] scans). As the ADNI‐GO/ADNI‐2 data become available, updated standard analysis sets will be posted regularly.
Effectiveness of a flexible coiled sheath for correcting an acute angle between the brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava for successful defibrillator implantation
Authors: Yoo Yeon Pyo , Choi Jin Ho , Myung Jin Cheol , Choi Yu Jeong , Kim Won Ho , Kang Ki‐Woon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSuccessful implantation of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) that is performed to avoid surgery in patients with atypical vasculature is still problematic. Acute angulations and significant tortuosity of the venous vasculature may influence both procedural success and periprocedural complications. We successfully implanted an ICD in a patient with deformed vasculature caused by tuberculosis‐induced lung destruction by using a flexible coiled sheath instead of a friable peel‐away sheath. This report highlights an alternative maneuver that may be an option in patients who have an acute angle between the brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava.
Neue Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen im Wandel der Gesundheitsberufe
Authors: Kälble Karl 
Published: October 2012

Einleitung
Die Ausbildung der Gesundheitsberufe ist in den letzten Jahren im Kontext des Strukturwandels im Gesundheitswesen und der damit einher gehenden Herausforderungen verstärkt in Bewegung geraten. Vor diesem Hintergrund skizziert der Beitrag aus der Perspektive der an gesellschaftlichen Versorgungsbedarfen orientierten Sicht von Public Health aktuelle Entwicklungen im Umfeld und neue Trends im Wandel der Gesundheitsberufe. Ausblickend werden Voraussetzungen thematisiert, die eine nachhaltige qualitative Weiterentwicklung der Gesundheitsberufe befördern können.
Modellvorhaben: Physiotherapie zwischen Autonomie und Fremdkontrolle
Authors: Scheel Katharina 
Published: October 2012

Einleitung
Seit etwa zehn Jahren sind verschiedene Gesundheitsberufe, darunter sowohl die Pflege als auch die Physiotherapie, verstärkt damit beschäftigt, neue Möglichkeiten der Aufgabenvertei-lung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen auszuloten und mit innovativen Projekten auf mögliche Versorgungsstrukturänderungen hinzuweisen. Sind positive Ergebnisse aus diesen Projekten zu verzeichnen, kommt ein Übertrag in die Regelversorgung zumindest infrage.
Interprofessionelle Kooperation, Leadership und Grundversorgung - Bildungsinitiativen für Gesundheitsberufe von Lancet und Careum
Authors: Sottas Beat 
Published: October 2012

Einleitung
Seit 100 Jahren lösen sich Bildungsreformen ab – sie scheinen aber vielfach alte Bilder zu zementieren ohne den demografischen und epidemiologischen Herausforderungen sowie den veränderten Erwartungen der Patienten gerecht zu werden. Der Lancet-Report und Initiativen der Careum Stiftung wollen diese „schreckliche institutionelle Trägheit“ (Lancet) überwinden. Transformatives Lernen soll Studierende der Gesundheitsberufe befähigen, im Team und in der Gesellschaft Leadership zur Bewältigung des Wandels zu übernehmen und als Transformatoren den Gesundheitsnutzen zu mehren.
Fachqualifikationsrahmen Public Health
Authors: Blättner Beate 
Published: October 2012

Einleitung
Seit ihrer Gründung ist eines der Ziele der Kommission Lehre der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Public Health (DGPH) sicherzustellen, dass an den Public Health-Studienstandorten in Deutschland vergleichbare Ausbildungen angeboten werden, die zudem internationalen Standards entsprechen. Der Maßstab für den Vergleich hat sich mit der Umsetzung des Bologna-Prozesses an Hochschulen verändert: Statt Lehrinhalten sind nunmehr die Kompetenzen relevant, mit denen Absolventen auf den Arbeitsmarkt treten.
Gesundheitsbezogene Masterstudiengänge an deutschen Hochschulen
Authors: Hensen Peter 
Published: October 2012

Einleitung
Die Einführung von zweistufigen Studienprogrammen im Rahmen des „Bologna-Prozesses“ hat zu zahlreichen neuen und diversifizierten Studienangeboten mit Bezug zum Gesundheitswesen geführt. Masterstudiengänge bieten neben einer vertikalen Anschlussqualifizierung auf Basis eines Bachelorstudiums (konsekutive Masterstudiengänge) auch eine Weiterqualifizierung zur Generierung eines individuellen Qualifizierungsprofils (nicht-konsekutive Masterstudiengänge) oder eine Spezialisierung in Bezug auf eine ausgebübte Berufstätigkeit jenseits der ursprünglichen Primärqualifikation. Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung liefert eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme zu den Angebotsstrukturen von gesundheitsbezogenen Masterstudiengängen in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft.
An introduction to the ‘new’ politics of agriculture and food
Authors: Daugbjerg Carsten , Swinbank Alan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe agricultural policy agenda has been broadened with farm policy issues now interlinking with other policy domains (food safety, energy supplies, environmental protection, development aid, etc.). New actors promoting values which sometimes conflict, or which are not always easily reconcilable, with those previously guiding agricultural policy have entered the broader agricultural and food policy domain. The studies of various new policy issues inter-linking with the agricultural policy domain included in this special issue show that value conflicts are addressed in different ways and thus result in inter-institutional coordination and conflict unfolding differently. Studies of inter-institutional policy making in the agricultural policy sector have the potential to contribute to theoretical developments in public policy analysis in much the same way as agricultural policy studies did in the past.
Caution: tripping hazards
Authors: Hutchins N. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA turbulent boundary layer formed over an external surface is spatially evolving. The flow develops from an initial set of conditions and accordingly the state of the layer at some downstream location owes a debt to its upstream history. Schlatter & Örlü (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 710, 2012, pp. 5–34) demonstrate succinctly this sensitivity to upstream history, finding that relatively minor modifications to the trip parameters can produce non-canonical development up to surprisingly high Reynolds numbers. This interesting study will serve as a cautionary note to experimentalists and numericists while providing a plausible explanation for some of the disparity noted among previously published results.
SELF-APPROXIMATION FOR THE RIEMANN ZETA FUNCTION
Authors: NAKAMURA TAKASHI , PAŃKOWSKI ŁUKASZ 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn the paper we deal with self-approximation of the Riemann zeta function in the half plane $\operatorname {Re} s\gt 1$ and in the right half of the critical strip. We also prove some results concerning joint universality and joint value approximation of functions $\zeta (s+\lambda +id\tau )$ and $\zeta (s+i\tau )$.
Plasma enterolactone and incidence of endometrial cancer in a case–cohort study of Danish women
Authors: Aarestrup Julie , Kyrø Cecilie , Knudsen Knud E. B. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Christensen Jane , Kristensen Mette , Würtz Anne M. L. , Johnsen Nina F. , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja 
Published: October 2012

The phyto-oestrogen enterolactone has been hypothesised to protect against hormone-dependent cancers, probably through its anti-oestrogenic potential. We investigated whether a higher level of plasma enterolactone was associated with a lower incidence of endometrial cancer in a case–cohort study in the ‘Diet, Cancer and Health’ cohort. The cohort study included 29 875 women aged 50–64 years enrolled between 1993 and 1997. Information on diet and lifestyle was provided by self-administrated questionnaires and blood was drawn from each participant. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was used for biochemical determination of plasma enterolactone. A total of 173 cases and 149 randomly selected cohort members were included. We estimated incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95 % CI by a Cox proportional hazards model. A 20 nmol/l higher plasma concentration of enterolactone was associated with a non-significant lower risk of endometrial cancer (IRR 0·93, 95 % CI 0·84, 1·04). When excluding women with low enterolactone concentrations (quartile 1) due to potential recent antibiotic use, the association became slightly stronger, but remained non-significant (IRR 0·90, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·02). Menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy or BMI did not modify the association. In conclusion, we found some support for a possible inverse association between plasma enterolactone concentration and endometrial cancer incidence.