bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss in a UK commercial all meal provision study: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mellor D. D. , Whitham C. , Goodwin S. , Morris M. , Reid M. , Atkin S. L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundEffective approaches are needed to address the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. The present study investigated whether all meal provision was a more effective and acceptable method for weight loss than a self‐directed diet.MethodsThis randomised controlled trial recruited 112 men and women with a body mass index in the range 27–35 kg m–2, who had no comorbidities, from the local area of Hull. Participants were randomised to receive either meal provision or follow a self‐directed diet for a 12‐week period that resulted in an estimated 2928 kJ day−1 (700 kcal day−1) deficit. A dietitian supervised both dietary interventions.ResultsAt 12 weeks [mean (SEM)], percentage weight loss in the meal provision group was 6.6% (0.5%) compared to 4.3% (0.6%) for those on the self‐directed diet. In terms of clinically relevant weight loss, 61% of participants lost 5% or more of their body weight with meal provision compared to 22% on the self‐directed diet (P < 0.001). Weight loss was associated with wellbeing in both groups. Attrition was less apparent with 7% of those participants receiving meal provision withdrawing from the study compared to 41% of those following the self‐directed diet (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMeal provision was a more effective and accepted method for weight loss over a 12‐week period compared to a self‐directed diet. This may in part represent the difference between being given the meal provision food free of charge. However, longer‐term maintenance studies need to be undertaken to ascertain their effects on the maintenance of weight loss.
An exploratory study to evaluate whether medical nutrition therapy can improve dietary intake in hospital patients who eat poorly
Authors: Agarwal E. , Ferguson M. , Banks M. , Bauer J. , Capra S. , Isenring E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Australasian Nutrition Care Day Survey (ANCDS) reported that two‐fifths of patients consume ≤50% of the offered food in Australian and New Zealand hospitals. After controlling for confounders (nutritional status, age, disease type and severity), the ANCDS also established an independent association between poor food intake and increased in‐hospital mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate whether medical nutrition therapy (MNT) could improve dietary intake in hospital patients eating poorly.MethodsAn exploratory pilot study was conducted in the respiratory, neurology and orthopaedic wards of an Australian hospital. At baseline, percentage food intake (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) was evaluated for each main meal and snack for a 24‐h period in patients hospitalised for ≥2 days and not under dietetic review. Patients consuming ≤50% of offered meals as a result of nutrition‐impact symptoms were referred to ward dietitians for MNT. Food intake was re‐evaluated on the seventh day after recruitment (post‐MNT).ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐four patients were observed over 4 weeks; 32 patients were referred for MNT. Although baseline and post‐MNT data for 20 participants [mean (SD) age 68 (17) years, 65% females] indicated a significant increase in median energy and protein intake post‐MNT (3600 kJ day−1; 40 g day−1) versus baseline (2250 kJ day−1; 25 g day−1) (P < 0.05), the increased intake met only 50% of dietary requirements. Persistent nutrition impact symptoms affected intake.ConclusionsIn the present pilot study, although dietary intake improved, it remained inadequate to meet participants' estimated requirements as a result of ongoing nutrition‐impact symptoms. Appropriate medical management and early enteral feeding could be a possible solution for such patients.
Impact of Occluded Culprit Arteries on Long‐Term Clinical Outcome in Patients with Non‐ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction: 48‐Month Follow‐Up Results in the COREA‐AMI Registry
Authors: SHIN DONG IL , CHANG KIYUK , AHN YOUNGKEUN , HWANG BYUNG‐HEE , PARK HUN‐JUN , SEO SEOK MIN , KOH YOON‐SEOK , KIM PUM‐JOON , SEUNG KI‐BAE , JEONG MYUNG HO 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic impact of occluded culprit arteries in non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients beyond 12 months has not been investigated.ObjectivesThe impact of occluded culprit arteries on a composite of cardiac death (CD), recurrent nonfatal MI (RMI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) in patients who presented with NSTEMI was investigated during a 48‐month follow‐up using propensity‐score (PS) matching.MethodsA total of 2,878 NSTEMI patients in the COREA‐AMI (COnvergent REgistry of cAtholic and chonnAm university for Acute MI) Registry were classified according to the angiographic flow of culprit arteries (occlusion [OC], n = 1,070; nonocclusion, n = 1,808). After PS matching, the incidence of the primary end‐point, a composite of CD, RMI, and TVR was compared.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 47.3 months (IQR 32.7–66.2). In the PS‐matched population, the 48‐month cumulative rates of the primary end‐point (27.5% vs. 17.9%, P < 0.001) and each event were higher in the OC group (CD: 9.0% vs. 5.4%, RMI: 16.3% vs. 9.4%, TVR: 10.5% vs. 5.6%, respectively, P < 0.05). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, occluded culprit arteries showed the significant statistical impact on the primary end‐point (HR 1.689 [1.385–2.059], P < 0.001) and each event (CD: 1.736 [1.218–2.475], RMI: 1.918 [1.468–2.505], TVR: 2.042 [1.453–2.869], respectively, P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the 12‐month landmark analysis, occluded culprit arteries were still associated with higher risk of primary end‐point beyond 12 months (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOccluded culprit arteries were independently associated with the higher risk of CD, RMI, and TVR in NSTEMI patients during the 48‐month follow‐up. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:12–20)
Immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinases (1, 2, and 9), Ki‐67, and myofibroblasts in keratocystic odontogenic tumors and pericoronal follicles
Authors: de Oliveira Ramos Grasieli , Costa Aline , Meurer Maria I. , Vieira Daniella S. C. , Rivero Elena R. C. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundKeratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign tumor that arises sporadically or associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Its locally aggressive behavior contrasts with its cystic histological appearance. To better understand the interaction between tumor cells and the stroma, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐9), the cellular proliferation index (Ki‐67), and the presence of myofibroblasts (MFs) in KCOTs.MethodsEleven cases of isolated KCOT (G1) and 12 cases of KCOT associated with NBCCS (G2) were selected for an immunohistochemical investigation of the proteins MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, Ki‐67, and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in MFs. A group of 6 pericoronal follicles (G3) was included as a normal odontogenic tissue control.ResultsSignificant differences between the G3 and G1/G2 groups regarding the expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐9 (in connective tissue), and Ki‐67 were observed. In KCOT, there was a positive correlation between the Ki‐67 antigen and MMP‐1 and between MFs and MMP‐1 in the parenchyma. No statistical differences were found between G1 and G2 groups.ConclusionsMMP‐1, MMP‐9, and proliferative activity appear to play important roles in KCOT pathogenesis. The increased proliferative activity with KCOT was associated with elevated MMP‐1 production in the parenchyma, which influenced the growth of the lesion in association with an increased number of MFs.
Fungal diseases mimicking primary lung cancer: radiologic–pathologic correlation
Authors: Gazzoni Fernando F. , Severo Luiz Carlos , Marchiori Edson , Irion Klaus L. , Guimarães Marcos D. , Godoy Myrna C. , Sartori Ana P. G. , Hochhegger Bruno 
Published: October 2013

SummaryA variety of fungal pulmonary infections can produce radiologic findings that mimic lung cancers. Distinguishing these infectious lesions from lung cancer remains challenging for radiologists and clinicians. In such cases, radiographic findings and clinical manifestations can be highly suggestive of lung cancer, and misdiagnosis can significantly delay the initiation of appropriate treatment. Likewise, the findings of imaging studies cannot replace the detection of a species as the aetiological agent. A biopsy is usually required to diagnose the infectious nature of the lesions. In this article, we review the clinical, histologic and radiologic features of the most common fungal infections that can mimic primary lung cancers, including paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis and blastomycosis.
Now you see it, now you don't … A case of a displaced root during a routine dental extraction
Authors: Yeaton K. , Walshe A. , Kwok J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRoutine dental extractions are commonly carried out in general dental practice. Complications associated with extractions in the maxillary arch are rare but well recognised such as oral antral communications and fracture of the buccal plate. In this article, we describe an unusual complication of a ‘disappearing’ canine root and the difficulties in locating its position. To examine the different image modalities employed to determine the location of the root and the advantages of three‐dimensional assessment with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in such cases. In this case, the use of CBCT was invaluable, as the missing root was not initially located using plain film radiographs, but was subsequently located with the use of CBCT. The inadequacy of the plain film and its interpretation in this case caused delay in the patient receiving the required treatment.
Statistics Making an Impact
Authors: Pullinger John 
Published: October 2013

SummaryStatistics provides a special kind of understanding that enables well-informed decisions. As citizens and consumers we are faced with an array of choices. Statistics can help us to choose well. Our statistical brains need to be nurtured: we can all learn and practise some simple rules of statistical thinking. To understand how statistics can play a bigger part in our lives today we can draw inspiration from the founders of the Royal Statistical Society. Although in today’s world the information landscape is confused, there is an opportunity for statistics that is there to be seized. This calls for us to celebrate the discipline of statistics, to show confidence in our profession, to use statistics in the public interest and to champion statistical education. The Royal Statistical Society has a vital role to play.
Bioenergy Futures: Framing Sociotechnical Imaginaries in Local Places
Authors: Eaton Weston M. , Gasteyer Stephen P. , Busch Lawrence 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSociotechnical imaginaries are collectively imagined forms of social life reflected in the design and fulfillment of technological projects. While it is implied that there may be contention around sociotechnical imaginaries, the literature on how that contention is manifested is scant. We use a frame‐analytic approach to demonstrate the potency of collective action frames for making sense of the national imaginaries underpinning siting proposals. As a case study, we use woody biomass bioenergy development in northern Michigan. After briefly outlining the multiple frames that are encompassed in the imaginary of bioenergy development, we focus on the “wood for energy” frame, employing the concept of “frame keys” to demonstrate how national imaginaries are interpreted differently by local and nonlocal actors involved in community sitings of proposed facilities. We find not only that frame keys are essential to how the national imaginary of bioenergy is interpreted, (re)produced, and responded to but also that framing processes are related to social movements that coalesce around competing collective memories of place.
Cerebellar abscess caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a liver transplant patient
Authors: Choudhury N. , Khan A.B. , Tzvetanov I. , Garcia‐Roca R. , Oberholzer J. , Benedetti E. , Jeon H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBrain abscesses are a rare but serious complication and have been documented in transplant recipients. Aspergillus is by far the most frequent etiology of post‐transplant brain abscesses. Bacteria, apart from Nocardia, have a low association with brain abscesses in transplant recipients. We report herein the case of a 52‐year‐old man who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for end‐stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to chronic hepatitis, and who developed a cerebellar abscess (CA) from Listeria monocytogenes. Three months after transplantation, he presented with a 1‐week history of headache and vomiting. Computed tomography scan of the brain revealed a space‐occupying lesion in the right cerebellum, which was further confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Emergency surgery was planned because of pressure effect on the surrounding structures. The patient recovered smoothly from the surgery. To our knowledge, no reports of Listeria CA following OLT have been published in the English literature. This case shows that, although extremely rare, L. monocytogenes may cause CA in liver transplant recipients, and clinicians should be aware of this, so that prompt diagnosis and treatment can be instituted before serious brain damage can occur.
Leflunomide as part of the treatment for multidrug‐resistant cytomegalovirus disease after lung transplantation: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Verkaik N.J. , Hoek R.A.S. , van Bergeijk H. , van Hal P.Th.W. , Schipper M.E.I. , Pas S.D. , Beersma M.F.C. , Boucher C.A.B. , Jedema I. , Falkenburg F. , Hoogsteden H.C. , van den Blink B. , Murk J.L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTreatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in transplant patients is challenging and, with antiviral resistance to first‐line drugs, it remains uncertain which treatment algorithm to follow. Some data suggest that leflunomide, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, can be used to treat resistant CMV infections. We report a 57‐year‐old CMV immunoglobulin‐G (IgG)‐seronegative woman, who received a bilateral lung transplant (LuTx) from a CMV IgG‐positive donor with CMV primary disease. The CMV strain was genotypically resistant to ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. After starting leflunomide as add‐on therapy to a multidrug anti‐CMV regimen, viral load declined substantially in 2 months without adverse events. This experience is discussed against the background of existing literature on the use of leflunomide as an anti‐CMV agent in LuTx recipients.
Rab6 Dependent Post‐Golgi Trafficking of HSV1 Envelope Proteins to Sites of Virus Envelopment
Authors: Johns Helen L. , Gonzalez‐Lopez Claudia , Sayers Charlotte L. , Hollinshead Michael , Elliott Gillian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) is an enveloped virus that uses undefined transport carriers for trafficking of its glycoproteins to envelopment sites. Screening of an siRNA library against 60 Rab GTPases revealed Rab6 as the principal Rab involved in HSV1 infection, with its depletion preventing Golgi‐to‐plasma membrane transport of HSV1 glycoproteins in a pathway used by several integral membrane proteins but not the luminal secreted protein Gaussia luciferase. Knockdown of Rab6 reduced virus yield to 1% and inhibited capsid envelopment, revealing glycoprotein exocytosis as a prerequisite for morphogenesis. Rab6‐dependent virus production did not require the effectors myosin‐II, bicaudal‐D, dynactin‐1 or rabkinesin‐6, but was facilitated by ERC1, a factor involved in linking microtubules to the cell cortex. Tubulation and exocytosis of Rab6‐positive, glycoprotein‐containing membranes from the Golgi was substantially augmented by infection, resulting in enhanced and targeted delivery to cell tips. This reveals HSV1 morphogenesis as one of the first biological processes shown to be dependent on the exocytic activity of Rab6.
Paired analysis of plasma proteins and coagulant capacity after treatment with three methods of pathogen reduction
Authors: Coene José , Devreese Katrien , Sabot Bea , Feys Hendrik B. , Vandekerckhove Philippe , Compernolle Veerle 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe effect of photochemical pathogen reduction (PR) methods on plasma quality has been the subject of several reports but solid comparative data for the different technologies are lacking.Study Design and MethodsPlasma (n = 24) photoinactivated with methylene blue (MB), riboflavin (RF), or amotosalen (AS) was compared using a pool‐and‐split design. Samples were taken before and after treatment with each method and tested for coagulation factors (fibrinogen, Factor [F] II, FV, FVIII, F IX, FXI), natural coagulation inhibitors (Protein C [PC], protein S [PS], antithrombin III [AT]), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin generation (TG). The three methods were mutually compared by repeated‐measures analysis of variance.ResultsAll three PR methods cause significant reduction (p < 0.01) of activity of the procoagulant proteins fibrinogen, FII, FV, FVIII, F IX, and FXI. Coagulation is also affected, with significant changes in PT, APTT, and TG. RF treatment causes a significantly higher decrease in concentration of coagulation factors, PS, and AT than the other methods (p < 0.01). PT, APTT, and TG are also affected most by RF treatment. FII, FVIII, F IX, PC, AT, and PT are best preserved with the MB method and FV, FXI, and TG after AS treatment (p < 0.01). Coagulation factor loss due to the volume loss during PR treatment is more important for MB and AS than for RF.ConclusionPR treatment of plasma affects coagulation proteins and coagulant capacity. For the RF method this effect is most pronounced, although to some extent compensated by a smaller volume loss.
Further investigation of the blood characteristics of Australian quoll (Dasyurus spp.) species
Authors: Stannard Hayley J. , Young Lauren J. , Old Julie M. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe Eastern and Spotted‐Tailed Quolls are “near threatened” Australian dasyurid marsupials that have undergone significant reduction in their geographic ranges in the past 200 years. Captive breeding and research colonies now exist, allowing further efforts to more fully understand the physiology of these carnivorous species.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to provide a more detailed study of blood chemistry and differential WBC counts for Eastern and Spotted‐Tailed Quolls, and to determine the influence by 3 biologic factors.MethodsBlood samples were taken from conscious, captive, healthy Eastern Quolls. A small number of samples from Spotted‐Tailed Quolls were also available and were included in the study for comparison. Blood chemistry and differential WBC counts were compared to determine season‐, age‐, and sex‐related differences.ResultsFor many of the analytes, blood chemistry results were comparable to other marsupial ranges, and no significant differences between sexes were detected (P > .05). Seasonal differences were determined for total bilirubin, glucose, creatinine, and potassium concentrations in the Eastern Quoll. Generally, higher concentrations of these analytes were observed in the summer; however, amylase activity was significantly higher in autumn (southern hemisphere). Eastern Quolls one year of age and younger had significantly (P < .05) higher ALP activities than older animals.ConclusionsThe normal ranges determined in this study can be used to assess clinical health of quolls and will assist with captive management and future reintroduction programs to the wild.
Associations between objectively measured physical activity and academic attainment in adolescents from a UK cohort
Authors: Booth J N , Leary S D , Joinson C , Ness A R , Tomporowski P D , Boyle J M , Reilly J J 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundTo test for cross-sectional (at age 11) and longitudinal associations between objectively measured free-living physical activity (PA) and academic attainment in adolescents.Method Data from 4755 participants (45% male) with valid measurement of PA (total volume and intensity) by accelerometry at age 11 from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was examined. Data linkage was performed with nationally administered school assessments in English, Maths and Science at ages 11, 13 and 16.ResultsIn unadjusted models, total volume of PA predicted decreased academic attainment. After controlling for total volume of PA, percentage of time spent in moderate-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) predicted increased performance in English assessments in both sexes, taking into account confounding variables. In Maths at 16 years, percentage of time in MVPA predicted increased performance for males (standardised β=0.11, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.22) and females (β=0.08, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.16). For females the percentage of time spent in MVPA at 11 years predicted increased Science scores at 11 and 16 years (β=0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.25) and 0.14 (0.07 to 0.21), respectively). The correction for regression dilution approximately doubled the standardised β coefficients.ConclusionsFindings suggest a long-term positive impact of MVPA on academic attainment in adolescence.
Testing first-order properties for subclasses of sparse graphs
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk , Král Daniel , Thomas Robin 
Published: October 2013

We present a linear-time algorithm for deciding first-order (FO) properties in classes of graphs with bounded expansion, a notion recently introduced by Nešetřil and Ossona de Mendez. This generalizes several results from the literature, because many natural classes of graphs have bounded expansion: graphs of bounded tree-width, all proper minor-closed classes of graphs, graphs of bounded degree, graphs with no subgraph isomorphic to a subdivision of a fixed graph, and graphs that can be drawn in a fixed surface in such a way that each edge crosses at most a constant number of other edges. We deduce that there is an almost linear-time algorithm for deciding FO properties in classes of graphs with locally bounded expansion.
More generally, we design a dynamic data structure for graphs belonging to a fixed class of graphs of bounded expansion. After a linear-time initialization the data structure allows us to test an FO property in constant time, and the data structure can be updated in constant time after addition/deletion of an edge, provided the list of possible edges to be added is known in advance and their simultaneous addition results in a graph in the class. All our results also hold for relational structures and are based on the seminal result of Nešetřil and Ossona de Mendez on the existence of low tree-depth colorings.