bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment and depression in the early 60s: which is more problematic in terms of instrumental activities of daily living?
Authors: Park Boyoung , Jun Jae Kwan , Park Jonghan 
Published: April 2013

AimWe evaluated the impact of cognitive impairment and depression on functional impairment in people aged in their early 60s.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 3034 inhabitants of a rural area of Korea aged 60–64 years. The Korean version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE‐K), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), and Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale were used to assess cognitive impairment, depression and functional impairment.ResultsA total of 30.8% of participants reported that they were dependent for at least one of the items on the IADL scale, and the overall prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression was 17.3% and 25.9%, respectively. The results showed that cognitive impairment had a stronger relationship with IADL impairment than did depression (odds ratio [OR] = 4.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.91–6.17; c‐statistics = 0.647 and OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.67–2.50; c‐statistics = 0.622, respectively). In particular, subclinical levels of the MMSE‐K and GDS‐15 score were associated with IADL impairment in participants without cognitive impairment or depression (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.67–0.80, OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16, per 1 point score increase, respectively). Only the MMSE‐K score showed a significant association in participants with either cognitive impairment or depression, or both. Our findings also showed the independent association of IADL impairment with age, employment status, education and type of insurance.ConclusionsCompared with depression, cognitive impairment was more strongly associated with IADL impairment. Subclinical level of cognitive impairment and depression were also associated with IADL impairment in mentally healthy participants. Therefore, early intervention is required to prevent further decline. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 62–70.
Patient‐reported outcomes of 182 adults with severe haemophilia in Germany comparing prophylactic vs. on‐demand replacement therapy
Authors: Mondorf W. , Kalnins W. , Klamroth R. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryClotting factor replacement therapy has a major impact on the quality of life in patients with haemophilia. To analyse and compare the outcomes of on‐demand and prophylactic treatment regimens in child‐ and adulthood, a self‐evaluation questionnaire was sent to 182 patients over 30 years of age with severe haemophilia A or B. Analysis of the questionnaire results revealed that most study participants had been treated on‐demand in childhood, but that the majority of these patients subsequently switched to prophylaxis. However, of those patients who began with prophylaxis as children, the vast majority maintained prophylactic treatment as adults. Inhibitor development was reported significantly more frequently by patients who started with on‐demand treatment than by those who started with prophylaxis. In the year prior to completing the questionnaire, adults with severe haemophilia who received prophylactic treatment reported a significantly lower incidence of bleeding as a result of more frequent factor consumption. These results are in close accordance with published prospective data. Although nearly all patients with severe haemophilia had joint pain due to bleeding, those who had always had prophylactic treatment reported superior outcomes in terms of the need for joint replacement, walking speed and distance, participation in school sports and further education. These data clearly underline the superiority of prophylactic treatment for the majority of individuals with severe haemophilia. The worst outcomes were found in those treated on‐demand in childhood who later switched to prophylaxis. In contrast to most studies which have compared treatment regimens on the basis of data from healthcare professionals, this study reflects treatment outcomes from the patient's perspective.
Anti‐nucleosome autoantibodies as markers for autoimmune hepatitis and their correlation with disease activity
Authors: Yokokawa Junko , Kanno Yukiko , Abe Kazumichi , Saito Hironobu , Monoe Kyoko , Katsushima Fumiko , Sakamoto Natsumi , Takahashi Atsushi , Yokokawa Hirohide , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: April 2013

AimTo assess the prevalence of autoantibodies against nucleosomes (anti‐nucleosome Ab) in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), examine the correlation between anti‐nucleosome Ab and disease activity, and evaluate the effectiveness of anti‐nucleosome Ab in predicting relapse.MethodsWe analyzed serum anti‐nucleosome Ab levels in 38 patients with AIH by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and assessed their correlation with clinical characteristics.ResultsAnti‐nucleosome Ab levels were significantly higher in AIH, but not in patients with chronic hepatitis B (n = 20) or chronic hepatitis C (n = 20), compared to healthy controls (n = 15). The positive prevalence of anti‐nucleosome Ab was 71.1% in AIH. Anti‐nucleosome Ab levels were significantly lower during remission compared to that during flares within the same patients with AIH. Total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in patients with anti‐nucleosome Ab levels of 53.7 U/mL or more compared to those with less than 53.7 U/mL at disease onset. Analysis of the reduction in anti‐nucleosome Ab by immunosuppressive therapy in 16 AIH patients revealed that age at disease onset was significantly lower and IgG levels and relapse rates were significantly higher in patients with a reduction rate of less than 35% compared to those with a reduction rate 35% or more. The International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group score and γ‐globulin levels were also higher in patients with reduction rates of less than 35% (borderline significance).ConclusionAnti‐nucleosome Ab in AIH patients may be useful markers not only for disease diagnosis, but also for activity assessment and relapse prediction.
The effect of bone marrow‐ and adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on myocardial remodelling in the rat model of ischaemic heart failure
Authors: Karpov Andrey A. , Uspenskaya Yulia K. , Minasian Sarkis M. , Puzanov Maxim V. , Dmitrieva Renata I. , Bilibina Anna A. , Anisimov Sergey V. , Galagudza Michael M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow‐ and adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM‐MSC and AD‐MSC respectively) transplantation on left ventricular function and infarct area (IA) in the rat model of ischaemic heart failure. In anaesthetized Wistar rats, the left coronary artery (LCA) was occluded for 40 min with subsequent reperfusion for 7 days. Seven days following surgery, the animals with LCA occlusion/reperfusion were randomized into three groups: (i) Controls received intramyocardial injection of vehicle at three different locations within the peri‐infarct zone, (ii) BM‐MSC: cells were injected in the same way as in previous group (106), (iii) AD‐MSC: using the same protocol as used in the BM‐MSC group. In addition there was also a sham‐treated group that had no injection. Two weeks following MSC transplantation, the hearts were isolated and perfused according to the Langendorff method followed by 30‐min global ischaemia and 90‐min reperfusion. After this IA was determined histologically. During Langendorff perfusion initial and postischaemic LV functions were the same in all groups although LV pressure at the 10th minute of reperfusion was higher in the AD‐MSC group compared to controls. However, LV pressure during 30‐min global ischaemia was significantly higher in BM‐MSC as compared to controls and AD‐MSC. The sham treated animals showed the same results as those seen with BM‐MSC. Thus, BM‐MSC transplantation, in contrast to transplantation of AD‐MSC, resulted in better preservation of the LV ability to contract during ischaemia. Furthermore, IA was significantly smaller in BM‐MSC group as compared to the controls and the AD‐MSC groups. Thus this study has demonstrated that treatment with BM‐MSC both ameliorates LV function and reduces histological scar size.
The introduction of the national e-health record into Australian community pharmacy practice: pharmacists’ perceptions
Authors: Mooranian Armin , Emmerton Lynne , Hattingh Laetitia 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Objective
Personally Controlled Electronic Health Records (PCEHRs) were introduced for Australian health consumers in July 2012. This study aimed to determine, in the months prior to the launch, community pharmacists’ perceptions about practical and professional aspects relating to integration of the PCEHR into pharmacy practice, with a view to informing practice guidelines and training.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with 25 pharmacy owners and/or managers from 24 community pharmacies in Perth, Western Australia, were undertaken during March–April 2012. Participants were given a standardised briefing about the PCEHR before exploratory questioning regarding the expected integration, benefits and challenges of the system in pharmacy practice.

Key findings
Despite some awareness of the impending introduction of PCEHRs via the lay media, pharmacists were almost unanimously uninformed about the intended rollout, design and functionality of the system for health consumers and practitioners. Participants expressed concerns regarding patients’ control over their data management, time associated with staff training, technical upgrades and resource allocation. Obstacles included pharmacists’ inability to legitimately access patient data outside consultations. Pharmacists expected flexibility to record clinical activities and health services. Priorities identified for the profession were remuneration, medico-legal guidelines and boundaries, and clarification of roles and responsibilities.

Conclusions
Despite being unaware of details surrounding integration of PCEHRs in practice, community pharmacists provided insights into their expectations and concerns and the perceived benefits relating to implementation of the system. Training priorities and practice guidelines should address ethical data management and optimal use of electronic health records for clinical services.
Teaching Teachers about Supply Chain Management to Influence Students’ Career and Education Choices
Authors: Gardner Leslie L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSince teachers are influential in high school students’ career choices, enabling high school teachers to introduce educational and career opportunities in supply chain management is a viable strategy for reaching high school students about these opportunities. This article presents a pilot program of supply chain workshops to educate high school and middle school teachers and guidance counselors about the opportunities in supply chain management and logistics and to enable them to integrate supply chain concepts into their teaching. These workshops incorporate a mix of slideshows to introduce concepts, hands‐on activities to illustrate how the concepts work, and field trips and guest speakers to demonstrate concepts in real world applications.
Cross‐Neutralisation of the Neurotoxic Effects of Egyptian Cobra Venom with Commercial Tiger Snake Antivenom
Authors: Kornhauser Rachelle , Isbister Geoffrey K. , O'Leary Margaret A. , Mirtschin Peter , Dunstan Nathan , Hodgson Wayne C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCross‐neutralisation has been demonstrated for haemorrhagic venoms including Echis spp. and Cerastes spp. and for Australia elapid procoagulant toxins. A previous study showed that commercial tiger snake antivenom (TSAV) was able to neutralise the systemic effects of the Egyptian cobra, Naja haje, in vivo but it is unclear if this was true cross‐neutralisation. The aim of the current study was to determine whether TSAV can neutralise the in vitro neurotoxic effects of N. haje venom. Both Notechis scutatus (10 μg/ml) and N. haje (10 μg/ml) venoms caused inhibition of indirect (supramaximal V, 0.1 Hz, 0.2 msec.) twitches of the chick biventer cervicis nerve–muscle preparation with t90 values (i.e. the time to produce 90% inhibition of the original twitch height) of 26 ± 1 min. (n = 4) and 36 ± 4 min.; (n = 4). This effect at 10 μg/ml was significantly attenuated by the prior addition of TSAV (5 U/ml). A comparison of the reverse‐phase HPLC profiles of both venoms showed some similarities with peak elution times, and SDS‐PAGE analysis elucidated comparable bands across both venoms. Further analysis using Western immunoblotting indicated TSAV was able to detect N. haje venom, and enzyme immunoassay showed that in‐house biotinylated polyclonal monovalent N. scutatus antibodies were able to detect N. haje venom. These findings demonstrate cross‐neutralisation between different and geographically separated snakes supporting potential immunological similarities in snake toxin groups for a large range of snakes. This provides more evidence that antivenoms could be developed against specific toxin groups to cover a large range of snakes.
Regulation of Neuropathic Hypersensitivity by α2‐Adrenoceptors in the Pontine A7 Cell Group
Authors: Wei Hong , Pertovaara Antti 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPontine A5, A6 (locus coeruleus) and A7 cell groups provide noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord. Here, we assessed whether activation of α2‐adrenoceptors in A7 influences peripheral nerve injury‐induced hypersensitivity in the rat, and whether spinal α2‐adrenoceptors mediate the descending effect. Fadolmidine, an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist that because of its pharmacokinetic properties has a limited spread from the injection site, was microinjected through a chronic guide cannula into A7 or for comparison into A6 ipsilateral to the nerve injury. Moreover, atipamezole, an α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, was injected intrathecally in an attempt to reverse the possible antihypersensitivity effect. Tactile hypersensitivity was assessed in the injured limb by determining limb withdrawal evoked by calibrated monofilaments, mechanical hyperalgesia by determining withdrawal evoked by noxious mechanical stimulation of the paw, and thermal nociception by assessing heat‐induced withdrawal of the intact tail. Fadolmidine (1.0 or 3.0 μg) in A7, but not in A6, produced a tactile antihypersensitivity effect. Intrathecal atipamezole (5 μg) reversed the tactile antihypersensitivity effect by fadolmidine in A7. Atipamezole alone (5.0 μg) intrathecally or in A7 failed to influence tactile hypersensitivity. Fadolmidine in A7 failed to influence mechanical hyperalgesia or heat nociception at doses that produced a tactile antihypersensitivity effect. We propose that tonic noradrenergic drive of A6 by A7 promotes neuropathic hypersensitivity by suppressing descending noradrenergic inhibition originating in A6. Consequently, the activation of inhibitory α2‐adrenoceptors within the pontine A7 cell group suppresses neuropathic hypersensitivity by disinhibiting A6 and its descending noradrenergic pathways acting on spinal α2‐adrenoceptors.
Selenium Modulates Oxidative Stress‐Induced TRPM2 Cation Channel Currents in Transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Authors: Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Özgül Cemil , Küçükayaz Mustafa , Çiğ Bilal , Hebeisen Simon , Bal Ramazan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt has been recently reported that the essential antioxidant element selenium has protective effects on cytosolic Ca2+ levels in cell lines. However, the effects of selenium on like transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) in response to oxidative stress (H2O2) are not well understood. We investigated the effects of selenium on H2O2‐induced TRPM2 channel currents in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line using patch‐clamp and fura‐2 fluorescence imaging techniques.
A systematic review of the association between obesity and asthma in children
Authors: Liu Pei‐Ching , Kieckhefer Gail M. , Gau Bih‐Shya 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo provide a comprehensive integration of contemporary studies focusing on the relationship between obesity and asthma in paediatric populations.BackgroundThe simultaneous increase in asthma and obesity prevalence has been widely discussed over the past 20 years. Although studies have discovered a positive correlation between the two, evidence‐based findings are needed to develop nursing interventions.DesignA quantitative systematic review on the literature was conducted from June–December 2011.Data sourcesAn electronic database search was conducted for studies published between January 1966–May 2011. Additional articles were identified through the reference lists of reviewed papers.Review methodsInclusion/exclusion criteria and quality appraisal were applied to ensure research primarily designed to study the relationship between obesity and asthma in children was included.ResultsThe majority of studies support a positive association between obesity and asthma in children. Among correlates recognized as important effect modifiers, gender was the most prominent, with obese girls more likely to have asthma diagnoses than obese boys. Scrutinization of covariates in selected studies revealed that most related to children's demographic characteristics and were inconsistent across the studies.ConclusionsThis review was designed to integrate contemporary scientific findings on the association between obesity and asthma by including a large number of studies with variant research designs. To identify high‐risk groups and develop nursing interventions to help children affected by both epidemics, more interdisciplinary and well‐designed investigations focusing on an expanded spectrum of correlates including demographic and behavioural factors are warranted.
On the origin of theSlovenianCika cattle
Authors: Simčič M. , Lenstra J.A. , Baumung R. , Dovč P. , Čepon M. , Kompan D. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryIn 2002, it was discovered that severalCika cattle in the mountain areas ofSlovenia had escaped the official policy of cross‐breeding. Here, we report a genetic characterization to assess their status as autochthonous breed. We compared genotypes for 14 microsatellite markers in 150Cika cattle individuals with data from 16CentralEuropean cattle breeds. We show thatCika cattle are genetically as diverse as otherEasternAlpine breeds, are more diverse thanAustrianSimmental but less than theBalkanBusha cattle.STRUCTUREanalysis showedPinzgauer admixture in several individuals but also indicated a unique genetic identity forCika. This analysis also allowed a selection of the most genetically pureCika individuals as assessed by the panel of microsatellites. These originalCika cattle form anEasternAlpine breed cluster together withPinzgauer andPustertaler cattle.Cika cattle should be considered as an authentic and valuable genetic resource, which offers clear opportunities for sustainable agriculture and landscape conservation in marginal and mountain areas.
Dronedarone's Inhibition of If Current Is the Primary Mechanism Responsible for Its Bradycardic Effect
Authors: SOBRADO LUCAS F. , VARONE BRUNO B. , MACHADO ANANDA D. , NEARING BRUCE D. , ZENG DEWAN , BELARDINELLI LUIZ , VERRIER RICHARD L. 
Published: April 2013

Dronedarone's Bradycardic EffectIntroductionThe mechanism(s) whereby dronedarone reduces sinus rate are not well understood, although L‐type calcium channel antagonism, beta‐adrenergic blockade, and inhibition of If are plausible.Methods and ResultsIn anesthetized pigs, we compared the effects of dronedarone to the prototypical If inhibitor, ivabradine, and the L‐type calcium channel antagonist diltiazem on heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and contractility. Dronedarone's effects on the phenylephrine‐induced rise in MAP and on the chronotropic response to isoproterenol were also investigated. Cumulative doses of dronedarone (0.5 mg/kg, i.v., and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.; plasma level: 80 ± 16.1 nM) progressively reduced heart rate (P < 0.02) without changes in MAP or contractility as assessed by LV dP/dt (N = 6). Ivabradine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) similarly reduced heart rate (P < 0.01) without change in MAP (N = 6). Diltiazem (0.8 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced heart rate and MAP and decreased contractility (N = 6). Dronedarone blunted phenylephrine's alpha‐receptor‐mediated increase in MAP but did not alter the marked beta‐adrenergic receptor (BAR)‐mediated increase in heart rate induced by isoproterenol. When dronedarone injection was preceded by ivabradine, no further decrease in heart rate or change in MAP was observed (N = 6).ConclusionsDronedarone reduced heart rate without affecting MAP or contractility, effects that differ from L‐type calcium channel blockade. Dronedarone did not antagonize BAR stimulation, and its heart‐rate lowering effects were eliminated by prior administration of ivabradine. Thus, dronedarone's bradycardic action is likely due to inhibition of If and not to blockade of either L‐type calcium channels or BAR.
Atrial Flutter Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation: What Is the Mechanism?
Authors: YAMADA TAKUMI , KAY G. NEAL 
Published: April 2013

Arrhythmia Rounds A 70‐year‐old man with atrial flutter (AFL) following pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) underwent electrophysiologic testing. The AFL exhibited positive P waves in the inferior leads and lead V1. Left atrial activation mapping revealed 2 remote sites with early activation that were located at the antrum of the left superior PV roof and the left inferior PV bottom. A single irrigated radiofrequency ablation targeting the earliest PV activation at the left PV carina eliminated the AFL. This case demonstrated that PV carina tachycardia with multiple conduction gaps and inter‐PV conduction after PVI might mimic double focal atrial tachycardias.
Dairy food consumption is inversely associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults
Authors: Kim J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study explored the association between dairy food consumption and the risk of the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the most recent nationally representative data.MethodsThe study sample comprised 4862 Korean adults (≥19 years) who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dairy food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.ResultsWe found that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in subjects with higher milk or yogurt consumption (P < 0.0001). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for abdominal obesity and high fasting glucose were significantly lower among subjects in the highest (≥ once per day) than in the lowest (none or rarely) category of milk consumption after adjusting for potential risk factors [OR = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50–0.93, P for trend = 0.0314; OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.65–1.03, P for trend = 0.0233]. The adjusted ORs for lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was 28% lower among subjects in the highest compared to subjects in the lowest category of yogurt consumption (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.52–1.00, P for trend = 0.0197). Furthermore, higher consumption of milk or yogurt was found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of the metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.55–0.93, P for trend = 0.0066; OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.48–1.05, P for trend = 0.0067).ConclusionsHigh intakes of dairy foods may be associated with a lower risk of the metabolic syndrome.