bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anchoring Agreement in Comprehension
Authors: Mancini Simona , Molinaro Nicola , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMost linguistic theories of language offer analysis of agreement describing the rules and constraints involved in the computation and interpretation of this dependency. A good testing ground for theoretical accounts of agreement is mismatching patterns. In this article we focus on a mismatch available in the Spanish agreement system – Unagreement – in which there is a person mismatch in the realization of plural subject‐verb agreement. Unagreement seems to challenge both purely syntactic and lexicalist analyses of agreement, as the realization of this pattern cannot be carried out either on a strictly formal basis or by simply postulating a lexically‐driven asymmetry. We propose an approach that overcomes the limitations of existing analyses and that is able to successfully account for standard as well as non‐standard agreement patterns.
Characteristics and outcomes of haematology patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: McCaughey Caroline , Blackwood Bronagh , Glackin Marie , Brady Michele , McMullin Mary Frances 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo profile the characteristics and outcomes of adult haematology patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).BackgroundThe role of intensive care support for haematology patients is contentious due to high mortality rates thus generating debate regarding the inappropriate use of limited resources versus denial of effective care.MethodsMedical notes, laboratory records and Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (ICNARC) data for all adult haematology patients admitted to Belfast City Hospital ICU in 2009 were analysed.ResultsTwenty one patients were admitted to the ICU; mean age was 56 years (SD 12·5), 52% were male and 82% (n = 19) had a malignant diagnosis. The main indication for admission was neutropenic sepsis with associated organ impairment (n = 18, 85%). ICU mortality was 43%. Three‐month and six‐month mortality rates were 62% and 67%, respectively. ICU survivors had lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) scores, and decreased requirements for invasive ventilation and inotropic support. Of the post‐six‐month survivors, one had a relapse, one had responding disease and five remained in remission. Two patients have subsequently undergone a reduced intensity conditioning transplant.ConclusionOne third of patients survived for >6 months indicating that critically ill haematology patients can benefit from ICU admission, allowing progression to potentially curative therapies.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the necessity of individualized assessment regarding patient suitability for admission to a critical care facility, incorporating the perspective of both the haematologist and the intensivist.
Ebola Virus Exploits a Monocyte Differentiation Program To Promote Its Entry
Authors: Martinez Osvaldo , Johnson Joshua C. , Honko Anna , Yen Benjamin , Shabman Reed S. , Hensley Lisa E. , Olinger Gene G. , Basler Christopher F. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are critical targets of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection
in vivo
. However, the susceptibility of monocytes to infection is controversial. Studies indicate productive monocyte infection, and yet monocytes are also reported to be resistant to EBOV GP-mediated entry. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells are permissive for both EBOV entry and replication. Here, freshly isolated monocytes are demonstrated to indeed be refractory to EBOV entry. However, EBOV binds monocytes, and delayed entry occurs during monocyte differentiation. Cultured monocytes spontaneously downregulate the expression of viral entry restriction factors such as interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins, while upregulating the expression of critical EBOV entry factors cathepsin B and NPC1. Moreover, these processes are accelerated by EBOV infection. Finally, ectopic expression of NPC1 is sufficient to rescue entry into an undifferentiated, normally nonpermissive monocytic cell line. These results define the molecular basis for infection of APCs and suggest means to limit APC infection.
Enhanced Autointegration in Hyperstable Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Capsid Mutants Blocked after Reverse Transcription
Authors: Tipper Christopher , Sodroski Joseph 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
After entering a host cell, retroviruses such as simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) uncoat, disassembling the viral capsid. Rates of uncoating that are too high and too low can be detrimental to the efficiency of infection. Rapid uncoating typically leads to blocks in reverse transcription, but the basis for replication defects associated with slow uncoating is less clear. Here we characterize the phenotypes of two SIVmac239 mutants with changes, A87E and A87D, in the helix 4/5 loop of the capsid protein. These mutant viruses exhibited normal capsid morphology but were significantly attenuated for infectivity. The infectivity of wild-type and mutant SIVmac239 was not decreased by aphidicolin-induced growth arrest of the target cells. In the cytosol of infected cells, the A87E and A87D capsids remained in particulate form longer than the wild-type SIVmac239 capsid, suggesting that the mutants uncoat more slowly than the wild-type capsid. Both mutants exhibited much higher levels of autointegrated DNA forms than wild-type SIVmac239. Thus, some changes in the helix 4/5 loop of the SIVmac239 capsid protein result in capsid hyperstability and an increase in autointegration.
Moses at Marah
Authors: German Brian T. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
With the uniqueness of the final form of the Marah account in relation to subsequent wilderness episodes as its impetus, this study proposes the following paraphrase for the textual ambiguities of Exodus 15:25b: “There the Lord appointed for Moses a statute and an ordinance on Israel’s behalf, and there He tested Moses for Israel’s sake.”
CALHM1 controls the Ca2+-dependent MEK, ERK, RSK and MSK signaling cascade in neurons
Authors: Dreses-Werringloer Ute , Vingtdeux Valérie , Zhao Haitian , Chandakkar Pallavi , Davies Peter , Marambaud Philippe 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is a Ca2+ channel controlling neuronal excitability and potentially involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although strong evidence indicates that CALHM1 is required for neuronal electrical activity, its role in intracellular Ca2+ signaling remains unknown. In the present study, we show that in hippocampal HT-22 cells, CALHM1 expression led to a robust and relatively selective activation of the Ca2+-sensing kinases ERK1/2. CALHM1 also triggered activation of MEK1/2, the upstream ERK1/2-activating kinases, and of RSK1/2/3 and MSK1, two downstream effectors of ERK1/2 signaling. CALHM1-mediated activation of ERK1/2 signaling was controlled by the small GTPase Ras. Pharmacological inhibition of CALHM1 permeability using Ruthenium Red, Zn2+, and Gd3+, or expression of the CALHM1 N140A and W114A mutants, which are deficient in mediating Ca2+ influx, prevented the effect of CALHM1 on the MEK, ERK, RSK and MSK signaling cascade, demonstrating that CALHM1 controlled this pathway via its channel properties. Importantly, expression of CALHM1 bearing the natural P86L polymorphism, which leads to a partial loss of CALHM1 function and is associated with an earlier age at onset in AD patients, showed reduced activation of ERK1/2, RSK1/2/3, and MSK1. In line with these results obtained in transfected cells, primary cerebral neurons isolated from Calhm1 knockout mice showed significant impairments in the activation of MEK, ERK, RSK and MSK signaling. The present study identifies a previously uncharacterized mechanism of control of Ca2+-dependent ERK1/2 signaling in neurons, and further establishes CALHM1 as a critical ion channel for neuronal signaling and function.
Synthesis of Macrosporin and Related 9,10‐Anthraquinones by Biomimetic Polyketide Aromatization and Cyclization of 6‐Benzylresorcylates
Authors: Cordes Jens , Barrett Anthony G. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of an array of 9,10‐anthraquinones 2 by initial preparation of 6‐benzylresorcylates 3 from oxo‐dioxinone precursors 4 and their subsequent conversion to anthrones by cyclization and oxidation. Resorcylates 3 were obtained by an improved two‐step procedure from oxo ester 5 and acyl chlorides 6. These methods were applied in a seven‐step synthesis of the fungal natural product macrosporin (1).
Policies to Support Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Telefónica
Authors: Palacios‐Marqués Daniel , Devece‐Carañana Carlos A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis interview examines Telefónica's projects and efforts in the area of corporate social responsibility. Telefónica is one of the world's largest multinational firms in the telecommunications sector. It is present in 25 countries, serves more than 260 million customers, and employs a staff of approximately 285,000 professionals. The company is still advancing and finding new opportunities to increase its capacity to innovate, improving ways of doing business, enhancing customer satisfaction, and helping educate customers. In this interview, Oscar Maraver (managing director of the human resources area), Jose Buqueras Dobato (director of HR planning), and Alberto Andreu Panillos (director of corporate reputation and identity and environmental affairs) explain and share their vision of policies developed both internally with employees and externally with customers. Their approach includes a strong emphasis on corporate social responsibility.
Crowdsourcing for usability testing
Authors: Liu Di , Bias Randolph G. , Lease Matthew , Kuipers Rebecca 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhile usability evaluation is critical to designing usable websites, traditional usability testing can be both expensive and time consuming. The advent of crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk and CrowdFlower offer an intriguing new avenue for performing remote usability testing with potentially many users, quick turn‐around, and significant cost savings. To investigate the potential of such crowdsourced usability testing, we conducted a usability study which evaluated a graduate school's website using a crowdsourcing platform. In addition, we performed a similar but not identical traditional lab usability test on the same site. While we find that crowdsourcing exhibits some notable limitations in comparison to the traditional lab environment, its applicability and value for usability testing is clearly evidenced. We discuss both methodological differences for crowdsourced usability testing, as well as empirical contrasts to results from more traditional, face‐to‐face usability testing.
“How much change do you get from 40$?” – Analyzing and addressing failed questions on social Q&A
Authors: Shah Chirag , Radford Marie L. , Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Choi Erik , Kitzie Vanessa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOnline question‐answering (Q&A) services are becoming increasingly popular among information seekers. While online Q&A services encompass both virtual reference service (VRS) and social Q&A (SQA), SQA services, such as Yahoo! Answers and WikiAnswers, have experienced more success in reaching out to the masses and leveraging subsequent participation. However, the large volume of content on some of the more popular SQA sites renders participants unable to answer some posted questions adequately or even at all. To reduce this latter category of questions that do not receive an answer, the current paper explores reasons for why fact‐based questions fail on a specific Q&A service. For this exploration and analyses, thousands of failed questions were collected from Yahoo! Answers extracting only those that were fact‐based, information‐seeking questions, while opinion/advice‐seeking questions were discarded. A typology was then created to code reasons of failures for these questions using a grounded theory approach. Using this typology, suggestions are proposed for how the questions could be restructured or redirected to another Q&A service (possibly a VRS), so users would have a better chance of receiving an answer.
Collaborative hierarchical clustering in the browser for scatter/gather on the web
Authors: Ke Weimao , Gong Xuemei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractScatter/Gather is a powerful browsing model for exploratory information seeking. However, its potential on the web scale has not been demonstrated due to scalability challenges of interactive clustering. We have developed in previous research a two‐stage method to support on‐the‐fly Scatter/Gather, in which an offline module pre‐computes a hierarchical structure to support constant time on‐line interaction. In this work, we focus on the offline hierarchy construction and develop a novel distributed approach to hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC). Relying on Javascript that is commonly supported by browsers, the distributed clustering method has the potential to scale with growing traffics of a site. We show in experiments that a moderate increase in the number of parallel processes (in visitors' browsers) leads to a dramatic decrease of clustering time. This demonstrates great potentials in supporting large‐scale Scatter/Gather interactions on the web. We present preliminary analysis of clustering effectiveness and a related Scatter/Gather prototype for web search.
Tooling the aggregator's workbench: Metadata visualization through statistical text analysis
Authors: Fenlon Katrina , Efron Miles , Organisciak Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDigital library interoperability efforts have succeeded in making large‐scale aggregation of digital collections technically feasible, to the extent that aggregations have become critical organizational tools in the data universe. As diverse digital collections are increasingly unified into aggregations data heterogeneity presents burgeoning challenges to aggregators. Comprehension of massive aggregates and efficient metadata quality analysis are aggregator imperatives that rely on scalable evaluation techniques. This paper describes novel applications of visualization techniques, based on statistical text analysis, to the evaluation and maintenance of a large‐scale aggregation of descriptive, cultural heritage metadata. These techniques, and their implementation as part of an aggregator's workbench, provide new, administrator‐oriented perspectives on metadata aggregations, in order to improve aggregators' capacity to evaluate metadata quality and topical coverage in a scalable way.
“I just Wikipedia it”: Information behavior of first‐year writing students
Authors: Olsen M. Whitney , Diekema Anne R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFirst‐year writing students are a very large, diverse, and ubiquitous information user group, as writing courses are typically required of all undergraduate students, regardless of major. While in their institution's writing program, students frequently must utilize research (information) in their writing assignments. While this formal, task‐related information behavior is important for stakeholders in the fields of information science and the humanities to understand, little research has been done on this significant group of students. This study arrived at key exploratory findings by collecting data and context from first‐year writing students through semi‐structured interviews. The researchers found that students continue to be Google‐dependent and fearful of using Wikipedia, though they use it anyway. Students appear to operate in comfort and convenience zones, and distinctly prefer secondary sources which they fail to read completely. People comprise a major part of students' information seeking behavior, but students tend only to consult friends and family members. This study offers practical implications of these behaviors which may be used to help students and inform further research.
The notion of relevance in teacher information behavior
Authors: Diekema Anne R. , Olsen M. Whitney 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEducators use information to support their teaching, which is largely concerned with the transfer of information. To support this information exchange, teachers manage complex information environments that are continually changing based on outside influences. Decisions on when to go out and seek additional information, what information to incorporate, and what information to dispose of are all based on notions of relevance. This exploratory study found that notions of relevance are largely driven by the educational context and are therefore unique to this particular user group. Relevance is often prescriptive for teachers, that is, information needs are driven by curriculum and school policy. Teachers also appear to stack the deck when looking for relevant resources, increasing their chances for finding a good resource fit by drawing on shared experience and information from close colleagues. Resource selection is again curriculum based, but also has the interesting feature that teachers are proxies for relevance decisions that affect their students. Anticipated relevance is present in various aspects of teachers' personal information management (PIM), such as deciding whether to keep resources for future use, organizing their physical classroom space, and resource housekeeping decisions.
Internet searching, tablet technology and older adults
Authors: Jayroe Tina J. , Wolfram Dietmar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTablet technology presents a simplified interface for users to interact with Internet resources. A comparison of user interaction with iPad tablet technology and desktop computers by older adults was conducted to better understand how they interact with each technology to perform basic information search tasks. Ten computer literate, senior citizens were given six search tasks. User interactions were videotaped and the participants were interviewed about their search experiences. Collected data were coded and analyzed qualitatively. Participants struggled with some features of the tablet technology, but overall found the experience to be positive and were able to complete most of their search tasks to their satisfaction. Some features of the tablet were not intuitive and differed from the desktop systems the participants used regularly. The size and sensitivity of the display area also presented some usability challenges. The greatest obstacles to search task completion arose more from the design of the websites visited rather than the features of the devices used.
Gendered literacy: An integrated conceptual model
Authors: Seitz Emily 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe term “gendered literacy” is appearing with increasing frequency in both the education and library and information science literatures but has not yet been fully defined. This poster treats the concept of gendered literacy within Western cultures and discusses the importance of children's literacy in a rapidly changing reading and information environment, especially in light of the apparent gender gap in reading favoring girls. The poster also presents a cohesive literature‐based model for gendered literacy. Although previous research has addressed gendered literacy from a variety of perspectives, it has not yet provided an integrated conceptual model.
Social media and E‐Government: A case study assessing Twitter use in the implementation of the open government directive
Authors: Unsworth Kristene , Townes Adam 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe first official order of business carried out by President Obama in 2008 was the presentation of a memorandum entitled Transparency and Open Government. Three pillars for Open Government are outlined in the document and consist of transparency, participation and collaboration which form the foundation for the initiative. Here we report on a case study, where the use of social media by the United States Department of Agriculture was assessed in relation to the agencies implementation of goals set by the Open Government Initiative. In the Open Government Initiative, the use of social media features strongly as a means to connect with the public and to promote the three pillars. We question whether use of social actually results in realization of the three pillars, but with a particular focus on dialogue between the USDA and the public. We apply a mixed‐methods approach based in grounded theory, social network analysis, content analysis and discourse analysis. Early findings suggest that although the USDA is mentioned there is no clear evidence of discourse, in the sense of exchange of tweets between the USDA and other posters. This is assuming that anyone who may post from the USDA would do so under the auspices of the organization and not as an individual with a unique user name. Our research indicates that traditional definitions of these terms (transparency, collaboration and participation) may need to be expanded to account for the types of interactions occurring via social media. In this paper, we report on our research plan and initial observations.
Social media practices and support in U.S. public libraries and school library media centers
Authors: Magee Rachel M. , Naughton Robin , O'Gan Patri , Forte Andrea , Agosto Denise E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMany U.S. teens spend hours each day communicating with friends via social technologies like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Flickr. To develop a better understanding of the state of library support of teens' social technology practices, we are conducting a national survey of a representative sample of 750 public and 750 school libraries in the United States about their current policies and social media strategies. Preliminary results indicate that public and school libraries' use of social media differ in terms of policy and strategies, and that rather than enabling libraries to harness the power of social networking tools, library policies often serve as use barriers.
Liver Resection for Bismuth Type I and Type II Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lim Jin Hong , Choi Gi Hong , Choi Sung Hoon , Kim Kyung Sik , Choi Jin Sub , Lee Woo Jung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with Bismuth type I and II hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA), bile duct resection alone has been the conventional approach. However, many authors have reported that concomitant liver resection improved surgical outcomes.MethodsBetween January 2000 and January 2012, 52 patients underwent surgical resection for a Bismuth type I and II HCCA (type I: n = 22; type II: n = 30). Patients were classified into two groups: concomitant liver resection (n = 26) and bile duct resection alone (n = 26).ResultsBile duct resection alone was performed in 26 patients. Concomitant liver resection was performed in 26 patients (right side hepatectomy [n = 13]; left‐side hepatectomy [n = 6]; volume‐preserving liver resection [n = 7]). All liver resections included a caudate lobectomy. Patient and tumor characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Although concomitant liver resection required longer operating time (P < 0.001), it had a similar postoperative complication rate (P = 0.764), high curability (P = 0.010), and low local recurrence rate (P = 0.006). Concomitant liver resection showed better overall survival (P = 0.047).ConclusionsConcomitant liver resection should be considered in patients with Bismuth type I and II HCCA.