bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravesical drug delivery for dysfunctional bladder
Authors: Hsu Chun‐Chien , Chuang Yao‐Chi , Chancellor Michael B 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe bladder is a hollow organ that can be treated locally by transurethral catheter for intravesical drug instillation or cystoscopy for intravesical drug injection. With advancing technology, local organ‐specific therapy and drug delivery is of expanding interest for treating dysfunctional bladder, including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, overactive bladder and sterile hemorrhagic cystitis after chemotherapy or pelvic radiation. Intravesical therapy has shown varying degrees of efficacy and safety in treating interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, overactive bladder and hemorrhagic cystitis with new modalities being developed. Intravesical (regional) therapy has several advantages than oral (systemic) therapy, including high local concentration and less systemic toxicity. In recent years, intravesical delivery of biotechnological products including neurotoxins and immunosuppressive agents, and delivery platform including liposomes has shown promise for lower urinary tract symptoms. This review considers the current status of intravesical therapy in dysfunctional bladder including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, overactive bladder and hemorrhagic cystitis with special attention to lipid based novel drug‐delivery.
Investigating the Relation Between Infants' Manual Activity With Objects and Their Perception of Dynamic Events
Authors: Baumgartner Heidi A. , Oakes Lisa M. 
Published: January 2013

We examined the relation between 6‐ and 7‐month‐old infants' (N = 60) manual activity with objects during free play and their perception of the features of dynamic, multimodal events. Infants were habituated to a single event in which a hand reached for and manipulated a colorful, multifeatured object, and a sound was heard (e.g., a hand squeezed a purple round object, causing a whistling sound) and then their response to events that involved a change in the appearance of the object, the action, or the sound was assessed. Infants responded least to changes in the appearance of the objects, and their sensitivity to this feature was related to their manual activity with objects during free play. Infants' responding to changes in the sound or action was unrelated to motor activity, suggesting that at this age motor achievements related to object exploration are associated with infants' perception of some, but not all, object features.
Oxygen free radical involvement in acute lung injury induced by H5N1 virus in mice
Authors: He Guimei , Dong Changgui , Luan Zhihua , McAllan Bronwyn M. , Xu Tong , Zhao Lihong , Qiao Jian 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundAcute lung injury is an important cause of death in humans infected with H5N1. It has been found that oxygen free radicals (OFRs) are elevated in lung tissue during influenza virus infections. In this study, we used a mouse model to explore the role of OFRs in acute lung injury caused by H5N1 viral infection.MethodsFour‐ to six‐week‐old male specific pathogen‐free BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with 105 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of highly pathogenic A/Chicken/Hebei/108/2002 (H5N1) viruses and were then given 1000 IU of lauric acid modified superoxide dismutase (LA‐SOD) by intraperitoneal injection, starting 2 days post‐infection and continuing for 6 days.ResultsThe extent of lung injury and the concentration of OFRs were higher, and the SOD activity was lower in H5N1 virus‐infected mice than that in uninfected control mice on days 3, 6, and 7 post‐inoculation. Weak amelioration of clinical signs, a minor decrease in the total mortality and the extent of lung injury, and the lower OFRs concentration were seen in the LA‐SOD treatment group, but a reduction in lung virus titers was not observed in the LA‐SOD treatment at all time points.ConclusionsThe LA‐SOD treatment has a mild inhibitory effect on H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice. OFRs, therefore, might play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by H5N1 virus.
A branch‐and‐bound procedure for forest harvest scheduling problems addressing aspects of habitat availability
Authors: Neto Teresa , Constantino Miguel , Martins Isabel , Pedroso João Pedro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the literature, the most widely referred approaches regarding forest harvesting scheduling problems involving environmental concerns have typically addressed constraints on the maximum clear‐cut area. Nevertheless, the solutions arising from those approaches in general display a loss of habitat availability. Such loss endangers the survival of many wild species. This study presents a branch‐and‐bound procedure designed to find good feasible solutions, in a reasonable time, to forest harvest scheduling problems with constraints on the clear‐cut area and habitat availability. Two measures are applied for the habitat availability constraints: the area of all habitats and the connectivity between them. In each branch of the branch‐and‐bound tree, a partial solution leads to two children nodes, corresponding to the cases of harvesting or not harvesting a given stand in a given period. Pruning is based on constraint violations or unreachable objective values. Computational results are reported.
MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE GOVERNMENT DEBT IN THE PERPETUAL YOUTH MODEL
Authors: Rankin Neil 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe overlapping‐generations model of Blanchard, based on a constant probability of death, is used to study the maximum level of government debt consistent with the existence of a steady state equilibrium. In both a small open and a closed economy it is shown that maximum sustainable debt robustly occurs where the consumption of individual households reaches zero, the limit of its feasible range. Taxation absorbs all of the household's labour income here. In a closed economy, at this point the real interest rate also hits a ‘ceiling’ given by a simple combination of preference parameters and the death probability.
Post‐Reunification Restructuring and Corporate Re‐bundling in the Bitterfeld‐Wolfen Chemical Industry, East Germany
Authors: Bathelt Harald 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhile earlier research has shown that regional restructuring after reunification has led to broad de‐industrialization processes in eastern Germany's chemical industry, this article focuses on how re‐bundling processes at the corporate level have stimulated adjustments to the changing economic and political environment leading to a renewed regional development trajectory. The analysis is based on a conceptualization that assesses diachronic processes of rupture and re‐bundling by applying a bottom‐up perspective of how corporate adjustments and restructuring processes generate re‐bundling types that manifest themselves in broader regional re‐bundling scenarios. The empirical analysis focuses on a qualitative case study of Bitterfeld‐Wolfen, the eastern region with the largest chemical industry. The research provides evidence that, although new firm formation has remained weak and acquisitions of chemical multinationals have generated structures only tenuously embedded in the regional economy, modernization and re‐bundling process have contributed to a renewed, smaller yet stable, regional chemical industry. The analysis further shows that the associated processes depended on the roles of individual industrial leaders in the region, who acted as network builders, mobilized joint action and stimulated the development of a collective regional spirit.
Campus, City, Networks and Nation: Student‐Migrant Activism as Socio‐spatial Experience in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Robertson Shanthi 
Published: January 2013

Abstract‘Education–migration nexus’ policies in Australia between 1998 and 2010 linked international education with different forms of temporary and permanent migration. This resulted in a blurring of boundaries around student, worker, consumer, migrant and ethnic identities. While the exploitation, marginalization and vulnerability of international students in Australia has gained a great deal of media and scholarly attention, less consideration has been given to the varied forms of subsequent protest undertaken by student migrants in Australian cities. This article analyses three case studies of protests involving student migrants in Melbourne: a protest against unfair assessment; a fight for a campus prayer room; and labour protests within the retail service and taxi industries. It draws on theoretical work on new social movements and social transformation in urban spaces to find ways to conceptualize this activism in relation to the scales of campus, city and nation. In doing so, it argues primarily that these sites of protest are socio‐spatial experiences that encompass shifting and socially produced spatial scales, as well as complex networks of association across different communities, which in turn reflect different student‐migrant identities.
Second Language Learners' Contiguous and Discontiguous Multi‐Word Unit Use Over Time
Authors: YULDASHEV AZIZ , FERNANDEZ JULIETA , THORNE STEVEN L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTResearch has described the key role of formulaic language use in both written and spoken communication (Schmitt, 2004; Wray, 2002), as well as in relation to L2 learning (Ellis, Simpson–Vlach, & Maynard, 2008). Relatively few studies have examined related fixed and semifixed multi‐word units (MWUs), which comprise fixed parts with the potential for flexible slots in L2 learners' language use over time. Building upon the corpus linguistic methodology of concgramming and usage‐based linguistic research on a construction‐based developmental sequence in language acquisition, this article describes learners' multi‐word inventories through the analysis of a learner corpus of out‐of‐class instant messaging and blog use in a U.S. high school advanced placement Spanish language course. We examined this corpus using concgram analysis of phraseological tendencies to document related MWUs used in fixed and schematic fashion. Patterns in student language use are described in terms of meaningful permutations of constituency variation over time. Related patterns used by different learners are analyzed and discussed in light of methodological considerations in tracking second language use and the pedagogical implications of the concgramming approach to MWUs.
Specific Syntactic Complexity: Developmental Profiling of Individuals Based on an Annotated Learner Corpus
Authors: VYATKINA NINA 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study tracks the development of syntactic complexity in the writing of two beginning German as a second language learners with English as a first language over four semesters of collegiate language study by using developmental profiling techniques applied to an annotated learner corpus. The focus of the investigation is on individual developmental pathways and differences between learners who follow the same instructional sequences. The study explores variation in terms of frequencies of the selected complexity features (coordinate, nominal, and nonfinite verb structures) using corpus analysis techniques with semi‐automatic corpus annotation. Two developmental profiles emerge from an in‐depth contextual investigation of the target linguistic phenomena. The results show that the general developmental trend is for increasing frequency and range of syntactic complexity features with learners diverging more from one another in the second half of the observation period. This study addresses existing gaps in interlanguage complexity research by focusing on benchmarking development rather than gauging proficiency, addressing specific rather than global complexity measures, and targeting instructed learners at beginning rather than high‐intermediate and advanced proficiency levels. Suggestions for future developmental second language acquisition research and foreign language pedagogy are made.
Tracking Learners' Progress: Adopting a Dual ‘Corpus cum Experimental Data’ Approach
Authors: MEUNIER FANNY , LITTRE DAMIEN 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe article discusses the potential of combining learner corpus research with experimental studies in order to fine‐tune the understanding of learner language development. It illustrates the complementarity of the two methodological approaches with data from an ongoing study of the acquisition of the English tense and aspect system by French learners. The first research question relates to the development of accuracy of tense and aspect usage in written production over time; longitudinal learner corpus data is used to answer this question. Its results are then incorporated into an experimental study that addresses the second research question, which seeks to uncover reasons why some tense and aspect features remain difficult to master even for advanced L2 learners. The first part of the article reviews the status of longitudinal research in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and describes the Longitudinal Database of Learner English (Longdale) used for the study. The second half of the article presents the results of the learner corpus analysis. These reveal that over a period of 3 years, learners' tense and aspect errors decrease. However, the English progressive continues to present considerable learning difficulties. Two follow‐up experiments investigated which elaborations of the progressive epistemic schema L2 learners continue to find difficult. They showed that advanced learners master the most salient elaboration of the present progressive (i.e., ongoingness, including extended ongoingness). By contrast, their understanding of less core uses (i.e., planned events) is much less precise. The article concludes with suggestions for the teaching of tense and aspect to advanced EFL learners.
Subliminal priming of winning images prompts increased betting in slot machine play
Authors: Gibson Bryan , Zielaskowski Katherine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn 2 experiments (n = 327), participants played a computerized slot machine game. Some participants had the jackpot symbols repeatedly flashed for 30 ms during preliminary play. Exposure to the subliminal jackpot prime led to more betting and confidence on a final spin. In Experiment 2, this effect only occurred for those who placed their bets immediately following exposure to the primes. Betting and confidence returned to baseline levels if participants were forced to wait for 5 minutes before betting. This finding supports a category priming explanation rather than a goal activation explanation for the effect. Results are discussed in the context of research on subliminal priming, and as an example of an application of subliminal priming effects to consumer psychology.
How immigrant adolescents' self‐views in school and family context relate to academic success in Germany
Authors: Hannover Bettina , Morf Carolyn C. , Neuhaus Janine , Rau Melanie , Wolfgramm Christine , Zander‐Musić Lysann 
Published: January 2013

AbstractImmigrants' sense of self can be derived both from being members of their ethnic in‐group and their country of residence. We examined how the ways in which immigrant adolescents integrate these self‐views in relation to academic success in German schools. Students describe themselves at school and when with family. Using a standardized literacy performance test, analyses revealed that immigrants whose school‐related self‐view did not include Germany were less successful: Students who described their self as including both aspects of their ethnic group and Germany, and students who saw themselves predominantly as German, outperformed students with purely ethnic school‐related selves. As expected, though, an ethnic family‐related self‐view did not have a negative impact on scholastic achievements.
Mental simulation and sexual prejudice reduction: the debiasing role of counterfactual thinking
Authors: Miller Audrey K. , Markman Keith D. , Wagner Maverick M. , Hunt Amy N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReducing prejudice is a critical research agenda, and never before has counterfactual priming been evaluated as a potential prejudice‐reduction strategy. In the present experiment, participants were randomly assigned to imagine a pleasant interaction with a homosexual man and then think counterfactually about how an incident of sexual discrimination against him might not have occurred (experimental condition) or to imagine a nature scene (control condition). Results demonstrated a significant reduction in sexual prejudice from baseline levels in the counterfactual simulation group. Importantly, whereas intergroup anxiety and motivation to control prejudice were not predictive factors, number of counterfactual thoughts generated independently predicted variance in prejudice reduction. Mechanisms for, and implications of, prejudice‐reduction strategies including counterfactual thinking are discussed.
A Patient Who Could not Allow Himself to Really Get Better
Authors: Simpson David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStarting from Freud's concept of the negative therapeutic reaction, the author contrasts Abraham's and Riviere's description of a particular type of patient who does not recover in psychoanalysis, with Klein's description the phenomenon, seen in many types of patient, of setback following helpful interpretation. He describes his clinical work with a man that corresponds with Riviere's description of being unable to improve because of his guilt and despair about his maternal object. The author believes that this originated in this man's childhood fear of evoking envy and guilt in his mother. As a result he developed a defensive barrier to protect his maternal object from his impulses which prevents him penetrating the world with passion and being successful. He is trapped by his devotion to serve his maternal object and he suffers from melancholia which is ‘borrowed’ from it.
The Spectre at the Feast: An Exploration of the Relationship Between the Dead Mother Complex and Eating Disorders
Authors: Pitcairn Wendy M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper sets out to explore the relationship between postnatal depression in a mother and the subsequent development of an eating disorder in her daughter who was seen for individual work. It is suggested that postnatal depression impacted negatively on the developing relationship between the mother and her infant producing an insecure attachment leading to the development of an eating disorder. This is explored with particular reference to Green's concept of the dead mother complex. Parallels are drawn between the dead mother complex and the psychopathology of eating disorders and a number of common themes are identified.
Strategies of Feminist Bureaucrats: Perspectives from International NGOs
Authors: Smyth Ines , Turquet Laura , Eyben Rosalind 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThis paper explores the challenges and opportunities for feminists working as women's rights and gender equality specialists in international non‐governmental development organisations, as analysed from an insider practitioner perspective. Part 1 identifies the strategies used and the challenges encountered when Turquet lobbied DFID on its gender equality policy while struggling to avoid marginalisation within her own organisation, Action Aid. In Part 2, Smyth describes how she left Oxfam for a year to work in the Asian Development Bank and uses this experience to consider the strategic opportunities available to a gender specialist working in an NGO such as Oxfam as compared with working in an international finance institution.
Erectile dysfunction in heart failure patients: a critical reappraisal
Authors: Alberti L. , Torlasco C. , Lauretta L. , Loffi M. , Maranta F. , Salonia A. , Margonato A. , Montorsi F. , Fragasso G. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryHeart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with a constantly increasing incidence and prevalence in western countries. Total absence of sexual activity is registered in 30% of HF patients. Moreover, HF‐induced reduction in exercise tolerance, side effects of HF medications and the coexistence of shared risk factors between HF and sexual dysfunction may further aggravate the sexual health of HF patients. The purpose of this review is to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the association of erectile dysfunction (ED) and HF, the potential therapeutic approaches and the eventual indications for sexual activity in HF patients. Medline and Cochrane Library search was performed from January 1970 through October 2012 to retrieve relevant papers outlining the association between ED and HF. Many evidences have outlined a tight association between ED and HF pathophysiological standpoint. Shared risk factors, common pathogenic traits and epidemiologic association represent some of the links between these conditions. Erectile dysfunction has been recognized as an earlier predictor of cardiovascular events; moreover, HF itself may cause and/or worsen ED because of its particular feature and co‐morbidities. Furthermore, some cardiovascular drugs may contribute to impaired erectile function. In stable patients with stable HF, sexual activity is generally not contraindicated but it should be encouraged, as a form of moderate‐intensity physical exertion. An effective treatment of ED in HF patients should be founded on the correction of reversible risk factors, on the choice of cardiovascular drugs with the lowest effect upon patient's erectile function, and on the use of phosphodiesterase‐5‐inhibitors. Physicians should be aware of the close relation between HF and ED and of the related clinical and therapeutic implications, in order to improve patients quality of life and clinical outcome.
Postoperative Performance of the Quartet® Left Ventricular Heart Lead
Authors: TOMASSONI GERY , BAKER JAMES , CORBISIERO RAFFAELE , LOVE CHARLES , MARTIN DAVID , NIAZI IMRAN , SHEPPARD ROBERT , WORLEY SETH , BEAU SCOTT , GREER G. STEPHEN , ARYANA ARASH , CAO MICHAEL , HARBERT NICOLE , ZHANG SUHONG ,   for the Promote Q CRT‐D and Quartet Left Ventricular Heart Lead Study Group
Published: January 2013

Promote® Q CRT‐D and Quartet® LV Lead Study. Introduction: The Quartet® left ventricular (LV) lead is the first with 4 pacing electrodes (tip and 3 rings) that enables pacing from 10 different pacing vectors. Postoperative performance of this lead was evaluated in a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter IDE study.Methods: Patients with standard indications for CRT‐D were enrolled. Electrical performance and presence of phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) were assessed during pacing from each of 10 vectors at predischarge (within 7 days), 1 month, and 3 months postimplant.Results: The Quartet LV lead was implanted successfully in 170 patients (95.5% implant success rate, 68 ± 11 years, 68.5% male, LVEF: 25 ± 7%, NYHA class III: 98.3% and class IV: 1.7%). Mean follow‐up was 4.7 ± 1.9 months. Capture threshold and impedance for each of the 10 LV lead pacing vectors remained stable during follow‐up. LV lead dislodgement occurred in 6 (3.5%) patients and PNS was observed in 23 (13.5%) patients. PNS was resolved noninvasively in all 23 (100%) patients, either by reprogramming to pace from the additional LV lead pacing vectors alone (13 pts, 56.5%), reprogramming to pace from the additional LV lead pacing vectors and reprogramming pacing output (4 pts, 17.4%), or by reprogramming pacing output alone (6 pts, 26.1%).Conclusions: The Quartet LV lead electrical performance was stable and was associated with a high implant success and low dislodgement rate during 3‐month follow‐up. In all patients with PNS, the 10 pacing vectors combined with reduced output programming enabled the elimination of PNS noninvasively. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 449‐456, April 2013)