bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Rotation and River Discharge on Net Mixing in Small-Mouth Kelvin Number Plumes
Authors: Cole Kelly L. , Hetland Robert D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSmall-mouth Kelvin number plumes, or plumes with a source width smaller than the deformation radius, are characterized by near-field plume regions of rapid lateral expansion and strong vertical mixing. Net plume mixing, or the dilution of a plume by ocean water between the estuary mouth and the far-field plume, is examined using idealized numerical experiments with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The density anomaly of plume water entering the far field is determined from isohaline analysis of the modeled salinity field. The experiments indicate that when estuarine discharge increases, net plume mixing decreases in a rotating environment but increases in a nonrotating environment. Scaling analysis supports that this opposite trend in behavior is related to rotation turning the plume, limiting the lateral expansion and suppressing shear mixing. The results of this study explain different trends in net plume mixing reported in previous studies and compare favorably to observations of the Fraser River plume.
Implementation of a Digital Filter Initialization in the WRF Model and Its Application in the Rapid Refresh
Authors: Peckham Steven E. , Smirnova Tatiana G. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Brown John M. , Kenyon Jaymes S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Because of limitations of variational and ensemble data assimilation schemes, resulting analysis fields exhibit some noise from imbalance in subsequent model forecasts. Controlling finescale noise is desirable in the NOAA’s Rapid Refresh (RAP) assimilation/forecast system, which uses an hourly data assimilation cycle. Hence, a digital filter initialization (DFI) capability has been introduced into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and applied operationally in the RAP, for which hourly intermittent assimilation makes DFI essential. A brief overview of the DFI approach, its implementation, and some of its advantages are discussed. Results from a 1-week impact test with and without DFI demonstrate that DFI is effective at reducing high-frequency noise in short-term operational forecasts as well as providing evidence of reduced errors in the 1-h mass and momentum fields. However, DFI is also shown to reduce the strength of parameterized deep moist convection during the first hour of the forecast.
The Case-to-Case Variability of the Predictability of Precipitation by a Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecasting System
Authors: Surcel Madalina , Zawadzki Isztar , Yau M. K. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper analyzes the case-to-case variability of the predictability of precipitation by a storm-scale ensemble forecasting (SSEF) system. Relationships are sought between ensemble spread and quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) skill, and the characteristics of an event, such as the strength of the quasigeostrophic forcing for ascent, the presence of convective equilibrium, and the spatial extent of the precipitation system. It is found that most of the case-to-case variability of predictability is explained by the spatial coverage of the system. The relationship between convection and large-scale forcing seems to affect predictability mostly during the afternoon hours. While the relationships are weak for the entire dataset, two distinct types of cases are identified: widespread and diurnally forced cases. The loss of predictability at small scales, the effect of the radar data assimilation, and the comparison between forecasts from the SSEF and Lagrangian persistence forecasts are analyzed separately for these two types of cases. Despite overall predictability being better than average for the widespread cases, the loss of predictability with forecast time and spatial scale is just as rapid as for the other cases. For the diurnally forced cases, the radar data assimilation causes larger differences between the precipitation fields corresponding to the assimilating and nonassimilating members than for the widespread cases. However, the effect of radar data assimilation on QPF skill is similar for both types of cases. Also, for the diurnal cases, the models with radar data assimilation outperform very rapidly (after 2 h) the Lagrangian persistence forecasts.
Prediction of Intensity Model Error (PRIME) for Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Bhatia Kieran T. , Nolan David S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStatistical methods are used to develop the Prediction of Intensity Model Error (PRIME) for both the absolute error and bias of intensity forecasts of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones from 2007 to 2014. These forecasts of forecast error are formulated using a stepwise multiple linear regression framework and are applied to 12–120-h intensity forecasts for the Logistic Growth Equation Model (LGEM), Decay–Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (DSHP), interpolated Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWFI), and interpolated Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GHMI) hurricane model. The predictors selected for the regression are a combination of storm-specific characteristics, synoptic features, and parameters representing initial condition error and atmospheric flow stability.The performance of PRIME is assessed by comparing the predictions of forecast absolute error and bias to the climatology of these quantities for each of the models. Using paired t tests, the errors in PRIME are found to be significantly smaller than climatology at the 99% level for bias and at the 95% level for absolute error. These percentages vary based on the model and forecast interval, with larger improvement observed for less accurate models and long-range forecasts. A second, more accurate version of PRIME is trained using retrospective forecasts generated by applying the 2014 version of each model to the 2008–13 hurricane seasons. Considering the positive results and use of predictors available prior to the National Hurricane Center official forecast deadline, PRIME forecasts could be valuable to the hurricane forecasting community.
A Quantitative Evaluation of the Multiple Narratives of the Recent Sahelian Regreening*
Authors: Stith Mimi , Giannini Alessandra , Corral John del , Adamo Susana , de Sherbinin Alex 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A spatial analysis is presented that aims to synthesize the evidence for climate and social dimensions of the “regreening” of the Sahel. Using an independently constructed archival database of donor-funded interventions in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal in response to the persistence of drought in the 1970s and 1980s, the spatial distribution of these interventions is examined in relation to population density and to trends in precipitation and in greenness. Three categories of environmental change are classified: 1) regions at the northern grassland/shrubland edge of the Sahel where NDVI varies interannually with precipitation, 2) densely populated cropland regions of the Sahel where significant trends in precipitation and NDVI decouple at interannual time scales, and 3) regions at the southern savanna edge of the Sahel where NDVI variation is independent of precipitation. Examination of the spatial distribution of environmental change, number of development projects, and population density brings to the fore the second category, covering the cropland areas where population density and regreening are higher than average. While few, regions in this category coincide with emerging hotspots of regreening in northern Burkina Faso and southern central Niger known from case study literature. In examining the impact of efforts to rejuvenate the Sahelian environment and livelihoods in the aftermath of the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s against the backdrop of a varying and uncertain climate, the transition from desertification to regreening discourses is framed in the context of adaptation to climate change.
The Use of the PlasmaBlade and Acellular Dermal Matrix in Rhinophyma Surgery
Authors: Özkan Adem , Topkara Adem , Özcan Ramazan Hakan , Şentürk Sadık 
Published: October 2015

Background: Rhinophyma is a rare, disfiguring disease characterized by a slow progressive overgrowth of the soft tissue of the nose associated with end-stage severe acne rosacea. Objective: We present a case of severe rhinophyma treated successfully using PlasmaBlade and acellular dermal matrix with split-thickness skin graft. Methods: This procedure combines deep excision with PlasmaBlade followed by coverage with an acellular dermal matrix for dermal substitution and split-thickness skin graft. Results: Functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusion: We offer a new approach to surgical treatment of rhinophyma. Total excision of phymatous tissue and single session replacement of epidermal-dermal components is an effective treatment for patients with severe rhinophyma, resulting in satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome. This combined treatment modality prevents the recurrence of rhinophyma. It should be considered an appropriate alternative in cases of severe rhinophyma.
Discordance in lymphoid tissue recovery following stem cell transplantation in rhesus macaques: an in vivo imaging study
Authors: Donahue Robert E. , Srinivasula Sharat , Uchida Naoya , Kim Insook , St. Claire Alexis , Duralde Gorka , DeGrange Paula , St. Claire Marisa , Reba Richard C. , Bonifacino Aylin C. , Krouse Allen E. , Metzger Mark E. , Paik Chang H. , Lane H. Clifford , Tisdale John F. , Di Mascio Michele 
Published: October 2015

Key Points
Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging can be used to image immune recovery in lymphoid tissues following transplant. There is discordance between lymphoid tissues and the peripheral blood in numbers of CD4+ cells following various doses of irradiation.
Monovalent Fc receptor blockade by an anti–Fcγ receptor/albumin fusion protein ameliorates murine ITP with abrogated toxicity
Authors: Yu Xiaojie , Menard Melissa , Prechl József , Bhakta Varsha , Sheffield William P. , Lazarus Alan H. 
Published: October 2015

Key Points
We generated a novel monovalent anti-FcγRIII/albumin fusion protein that ameliorates antibody-mediated murine ITP. Severe adverse events by anti-FcγR antibodies because of FcγR cross-linking are overcome by monovalent FcγR blockade.
Functional glycosylation in the human and mammalian uterus
Authors: Clark Gary F. 
Published: October 2015

Background
Glycosylation is the most common and structurally diverse of all the post-translational modifications of proteins. Lipids and extracellular matrices are also often glycosylated. The mammalian uterus is highly enriched in glycoconjugates that are associated with the apical surfaces of epithelial cells and the secretions released by both epithelial and stromal cells. These glycoconjugates interact primarily with sperm, the implanting embryo, the fetus, and any pathogen that happens to gain entry into the uterus. Secretions of the endometrial glands increase substantially during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These secretions are highly enriched in glycoproteins and mucins that promote specific uterine functions.

Findings
Lectins and antibodies have been employed in the majority of the studies focused on uterine glycosylation have employed to define the expression of carbohydrate sequences. However, while these studies provide insight about potential glycosylation, precise information about glycan structure is lacking. Direct sequencing studies that employ biochemical or mass spectrometric methods are far more definitive, but have rarely been employed with uterine glycoproteins. Both lectin/antibody binding and direct carbohydrate sequencing studies that have been focused on the mammalian uterus are reviewed. The primary functional role of the eutherian uterus is to facilitate fertilization and nurture the developing embryo/fetus. Trophoblasts are the primary cells that mediate the binding of the embryo and placenta to the uterine lining. In mammals that utilize hemochorial placentation, they invade the decidua, the specialized endometrial lining that forms during pregnancy. Trophoblasts have also been analyzed for their lectin/antibody binding as a complement to the analysis of the uterine cells and tissues. They will also be reviewed here.

Conclusions
The functional roles of the glycans linked to uterine and trophoblast glycoconjugates remain enigmatic. Another major question in the human is whether defects in placental or uterine glycosylation play a role in the development the Great Obstetrical Syndromes. More recent findings indicate that changes in glycosylation occur in trophoblasts obtained from patients that develop preeclampsia and preterm birth. The functional significance of these changes remain to be defined. Whether such shifts happen during the development of other types of obstetrical syndromes remains to be determined.
Bisphenol A Disrupts HNF4α-Regulated Gene Networks Linking to Prostate Preneoplasia and Immune Disruption in Noble Rats
Authors: Lam Hung-Ming , Ho Shuk-Mei , Chen Jing , Medvedovic Mario , Tam Neville Ngai Chung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractExposure of humans to bisphenol A (BPA) is widespread and continuous. The effects of protracted exposure to BPA on the adult prostate have not been studied. We subjected Noble rats to 32 weeks of BPA (low or high dose) or 17β-estradiol (E2) in conjunction with T replenishment. T treatment alone or untreated groups were used as controls. Circulating T levels were maintained within the physiological range in all treatment groups, whereas the levels of free BPA were elevated in the groups treated with T+low BPA (1.06 ± 0.05 ng/mL, P &lt; .05) and T+high BPA (10.37 ± 0.43 ng/mL, P &lt; .01) when compared with those in both controls (0.1 ± 0.05 ng/mL). Prostatic hyperplasia, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and marked infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the PIN epithelium (P &lt; .05) were observed in the lateral prostates (LPs) of T+low/high BPA-treated rats. In contrast, only hyperplasia and high-grade PIN, but no aberrant immune responses, were found in the T+E2-treated LPs. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis in LPs identified differential changes between T+BPA vs T+E2 treatment. Expression of multiple genes in the regulatory network controlled by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α was perturbed by the T+BPA but not by the T+E2 exposure. Collectively these findings suggest that the adult rat prostate, under a physiologically relevant T environment, is susceptible to BPA-induced transcriptomic reprogramming, immune disruption, and aberrant growth dysregulation in a manner distinct from those caused by E2. They are more relevant to our recent report of higher urinary levels BPA found in patients with prostate cancer than those with benign disease.
Análisis comparativo de predictores potenciales de prácticas disciplinarias severas con preescolares, antes y después de un entrenamiento para padres.
Authors: Solís-Cámara Pedro , Medina Cuevas Yolanda , Díaz Romero Marysela 
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en determinar si un entrenamiento en pautas de crianza dirigido a padres con niños de tres a cinco años de edad modificaría las prácticas disciplinarias severas, así como algunos predictores potenciales de esas prácticas, como son el coraje-agresión y el estrés de los padres, al igual que el estrés en la interacción entre padres e hijos, y los problemas de conducta y el estrés de los niños. Sesenta padres (41 mamás y 19 papás) contestaron los cuestionarios correspondientes. La muestra se dividió al azar en grupo experimental (GE: expuesto a un entrenamiento en crianza) y grupo control (GC: sin entrenamiento). Los padres contestaron los mismos cuestionarios diez semanas después. Un análisis de regresión jerárquica (ARJ) con la muestra total mostró que el estrés en la interacción y las conductas problema fueron las principales variables predictoras de las prácticas disciplinarias (p < .01). En la segunda evaluación, los resultados indicaron la modificación significativa de las prácticas disciplinarias y de todas las variables del estudio en el GE, pero no en el GC; además, nuevos ARJ con el GC y con el GE indicaron la importancia del coraje-agresión parental como variable predictora de las prácticas disciplinarias. Los resultados se discuten en términos de la importancia de la modificación de las prácticas disciplinarias severas y sus efectos negativos en los niños, así como del uso adecuado de técnicas cognitivo-conductuales para modificar positivamente las relaciones negativas entre los padres y el niño.
Potencial resiliente en familias con adolescentes que consumen y no consumen alcohol.
Authors: García Cortés José Manuel , García Méndez Mirna , Rivera Aragón Sofía 
Published: October 2015

La adolescencia es un periodo crítico para el inicio y desarrollo de las adicciones. Para los padres de familia cada vez son más comunes las adversidades relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol de sus hijos adolescentes y las consecuencias para el desarrollo de estos. El propósito de esta investigación fue establecer si el funcionamiento familiar predice el potencial resiliente de padres con hijos adolescentes que consumen o no consumen alcohol. Participaron de manera voluntaria 140 padres y madres de familia con un hijo adolescente que presentaba un consumo riesgoso de alcohol y 187 padres y madres de familia con un adolescente que no consumía alcohol. Se aplicaron las escalas de Potencial Resiliente (García & García- Méndez, 2013) y Funcionamiento Familiar (García-Méndez, Rivera, Reyes-Lagunes, Díaz-Loving, 2006). Los resultados de las regresiones paso a paso indican que el Potencial Resiliente de los padres y madres de familia es predicho por los factores de Ambiente Familiar Positivo y Mando/Problemas en la Expresión de las Emociones de la Escala de Funcionamiento Familiar.
Role of GPR55 during Axon Growth and Target Innervation
Authors: Cherif Hosni , Argaw Anteneh , Cécyre Bruno , Bouchard Alex , Gagnon Jonathan , Javadi Pasha , Desgent Sébastien , Mackie Ken , Bouchard Jean-François 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGuidance molecules regulate the navigation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projections toward targets in the visual thalamus. In this study, we demonstrate that the G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is expressed in the retina during development, and regulates growth cone (GC) morphology and axon growth.In vitro, neurons obtained fromgpr55knock-out (gpr55-/-) mouse embryos have smaller GCs, less GC filopodia, and have a decreased outgrowth compared withgpr55+/+neurons. Whengpr55+/+neurons were treated with GPR55 agonists, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and O-1602, we observed a chemo-attractive effect and an increase in GC size and filopodia number. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD) decreased the GC size and filopodia number inducing chemo-repulsion. In absence of the receptor (gpr55-/-), no pharmacologic effects of the GPR55 ligands were observed.In vivo, compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates,gpr55-/-mice revealed a decreased branching in the dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN) and a lower level of eye-specific segregation of retinal projections in the superior colliculus (SC) and in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Moreover, a single intraocular injection of LPI increased branching in the DTN, whereas treatment with CBD, an antagonist of GPR55, decreased it. These results indicate that GPR55 modulates the growth rate and the targets innervation of retinal projections and highlight, for the first time, an important role of GPR55 in axon refinement during development.
EglN2 associates with the NRF1‐PGC1α complex and controls mitochondrial function in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Chengyang , Chen Xi , Takada Mamoru , Fan Cheng , Zheng Xingnan , Wen Haitao , Liu Yong , Wang Chenguang , Pestell Richard G , Aird Katherine M , Kaelin William G , Liu Xiaole Shirley , Zhang Qing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe EglN2/PHD1 prolyl hydroxylase is an important oxygen sensor contributing to breast tumorigenesis. Emerging studies suggest that there is functional cross talk between oxygen sensing and mitochondrial function, both of which play an essential role for sustained tumor growth. However, the potential link between EglN2 and mitochondrial function remains largely undefined. Here, we show that EglN2 depletion decreases mitochondrial respiration in breast cancer under normoxia and hypoxia, which correlates with decreased mitochondrial DNA in a HIF1/2α‐independent manner. Integrative analyses of gene expression profile and genomewide binding of EglN2 under hypoxic conditions reveal nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) motif enrichment in EglN2‐activated genes, suggesting NRF1 as an EglN2 binding partner. Mechanistically, by forming an activator complex with PGC1α and NRF1 on chromatin, EglN2 promotes the transcription of ferridoxin reductase (FDXR) and maintains mitochondrial function. In addition, FDXR, as one of effectors for EglN2, contributes to breast tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that EglN2 regulates mitochondrial function in ERα‐positive breast cancer.
Severe paraneoplastic hypoglycemia secondary to a gastrointestinal stromal tumour masquerading as a stroke
Authors: Dimitriadis G K , Gopalakrishnan K , Rao R , Grammatopoulos D K , Randeva H S , Weickert M O , Murthy N 
Published: October 2015

Summary
We report the case of a 70-year-old previously healthy female who presented acutely to the Accident and Emergency department with left-sided vasomotor symptoms including reduced muscle tone, weakness upon walking and slurred speech. Physical examination confirmed hemiparesis with VIIth nerve palsy and profound hepatomegaly. A random glucose was low at 1.7 mmol/l, which upon correction resolved her symptoms. In hindsight, the patient recalled having had similar episodes periodically over the past 3 months to which she did not give much attention. While hospitalized, she continued having episodes of symptomatic hypoglycaemia during most nights, requiring treatment with i.v. dextrose and/or glucagon. Blood tests including insulin and C-peptide were invariably suppressed, in correlation with low glucose. A Synacthen stimulation test was normal (Cort (0′) 390 nmol/l, Cort (30′) 773 nmol/l). A computed tomography scan showed multiple lobulated masses in the abdomen, liver and pelvis. An ultrasound guided biopsy of one of the pelvic masses was performed. Immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) positive for CD34 and CD117. A diagnosis of a non islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (NICTH) secondary to an IGF2 secreting GIST was confirmed with further biochemical investigations (IGF2=96.5 nmol/l; IGF2:IGF1 ratio 18.9, ULN <10). Treatment with growth hormone resolved the patient's hypoglycaemic symptoms and subsequent targeted therapy with Imatinib was successful in controlling disease progression over an 8-year observation period.

Learning points

NICTH can be a rare complication of GISTs that may manifest with severe hypoglycaemia and neuroglucopenic symptoms.

NICTH can masquerade as other pathologies thus causing diagnostic confusion.

Histological confirmation of GIST induced NICTH and exclusion of other conditions causing hypoglycaemia is essential.

Mutational analysis of GISTs should be carried out in all cases as it guides treatment decision.

Tailored management of hypoglycaemia, in this case using growth hormone and targeted cyto-reductive therapy, minimizes the risk of possible life-threatening complications.