bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of gene expression in ABCC6 knockdown HepG2 cells
Authors: Miglionico Rocchina , Armentano Maria , Carmosino Monica , Salvia Antonella , Cuviello Flavia , Bisaccia Faustino , Ostuni Angela 
Published: August 2014

AbstractABCC6 protein is an ATP-dependent transporter that is mainly found in the basolateral plasma membrane of hepatocytes. ABCC6 deficiency is the primary cause of several forms of ectopic mineralization syndrome. Mutations in the human ABCC6 gene cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by ectopic calcification of the elastic fibers in dermal, ocular and vascular tissues. Mutations in the mouse ABCC6 gene were also associated with dystrophic cardiac calcification. Reduced levels of ABCC6 protein were found in a β-thalassemic mouse model. Moreover, some cases of generalized arterial calcification in infancy are due to ABCC6 mutations. In order to study the role of ABCC6 in the pathogenesis of ectopic mineralization, the expressions of genes involved in this process were evaluated in HepG2 cells upon stable knockdown of ABCC6 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology. ABCC6 knockdown in HepG2 cells causes a significant upregulation of the genes promoting mineralization, such as TNAP, and a parallel downregulation of genes with anti-mineralization activity, such as NT5E, Fetuin A and Osteopontin. Although the absence of ABCC6 has been already associated with ectopic mineralization syndromes, this study is the first to show a direct relationship between reduced ABCC6 levels and the expression of pro-mineralization genes in hepatocytes.
Infants Born Preterm Demonstrate Impaired Object Exploration Behaviors Throughout Infancy and Toddlerhood
Authors: Lobo Michele A. , Kokkoni Elena , Cunha Andrea Baraldi , Galloway James Cole 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundObject exploration behaviors form the foundation for future global development, but little is known about how these behaviors are exhibited by infants born preterm.ObjectiveThe study objective was to longitudinally compare a comprehensive set of object exploration behaviors in infants born preterm and infants born full-term from infancy into toddlerhood.DesignTwenty-two infants born full-term and 28 infants born preterm were monitored as they interacted with objects throughout their first 2 years.MethodsInfants were provided up to 30 seconds to interact with each of 7 objects across 9 visits. Experimenters coded videos of infants' behaviors. Growth modeling and t tests were used to compare how much infants exhibited behaviors and how well they matched their behaviors to the properties of objects.ResultsInfants born preterm explored objects less in the first 6 months, exhibited less visual-haptic multimodal exploration, displayed reduced variability of exploratory behavior in a manner that reflected severity of risk, and were less able to match their behaviors to the properties of objects in a manner that reflected severity of risk. Infants born preterm with significant brain injury also had impaired bimanual abilities.LimitationsThere was a limited sample of infants born preterm with significant brain injury.ConclusionsInfants born preterm have impaired abilities to interact with objects even in the first months of life. This impairment likely limits the knowledge they acquire about objects and about how they can act on them; this limited knowledge may, in turn, impair their early learning abilities. These results highlight the need for assessment and intervention tools specific for object exploration in young infants.
Minority Applicants to Physical Therapist Education Programs 2010–2012
Authors: Nuciforo Matthew A. 
Published: August 2014

Background
In 2011–2012, despite comprising 35% of the US population, minorities comprised 20% of applicants to and 15% of enrolled students in accredited physical therapist education programs. Solutions aimed at addressing current disparities in health care may include educating physical therapists in environments reflecting the increasing diversity of the US population.

Objective
The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the underrepresented minority (URM) applicant pool to Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service (PTCAS) member programs and (2) to investigate differences in application patterns between white and URM applicants in 2010–2012, including total number of programs to which they applied, likelihood of applying out of state, and application to programs with minority faculties.

Design
This was a national, retrospective descriptive study.

Methods
De-identified data for 11,690 applicants in 2010–2011 and 13,462 applicants in 2011–2012 were obtained, including applicant demographics, selected metrics, and admission decisions. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with multiple comparison procedures (Tukey honestly significant difference test) were used to investigate differences between white and URM applicant metrics and application patterns.

Results
White applicants achieved significantly greater grade point average and Graduate Record Examination scores than Hispanic and African American applicants. Although there were no significant differences in the average number of programs applied to between white and URM applicants, Hispanic applicants were significantly more likely to apply to programs within their state of residence. Underrepresented minority applicants were significantly more likely to apply to programs with minority faculties.

Limitations
This study did not attempt to generalize the results beyond PTCAS institutions.

Conclusions
Hispanic applicants demonstrated a significantly increased likelihood of applying within their state of residence. Underrepresented minority applicants demonstrated a significantly greater tendency to apply to PTCAS member institutions with minority faculties.
Reliability and Validity of Play-Based Assessments of Motor and Cognitive Skills for Infants and Young Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: O'Grady Michael G. , Dusing Stacey C. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundPlay is vital for development. Infants and children learn through play. Traditional standardized developmental tests measure whether a child performs individual skills within controlled environments. Play-based assessments can measure skill performance during natural, child-driven play.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to systematically review reliability, validity, and responsiveness of all play-based assessments that quantify motor and cognitive skills in children from birth to 36 months of age.Data SourcesStudies were identified from a literature search using PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases and the reference lists of included papers.Study SelectionIncluded studies investigated reliability, validity, or responsiveness of play-based assessments that measured motor and cognitive skills for children to 36 months of age.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently screened 40 studies for eligibility and inclusion. The reviewers independently extracted reliability, validity, and responsiveness data. They examined measurement properties and methodological quality of the included studies.Data SynthesisFour current play-based assessment tools were identified in 8 included studies. Each play-based assessment tool measured motor and cognitive skills in a different way during play. Interrater reliability correlations ranged from .86 to .98 for motor development and from .23 to .90 for cognitive development. Test-retest reliability correlations ranged from .88 to .95 for motor development and from .45 to .91 for cognitive development. Structural validity correlations ranged from .62 to .90 for motor development and from .42 to .93 for cognitive development. One study assessed responsiveness to change in motor development.LimitationsMost studies had small and poorly described samples. Lack of transparency in data management and statistical analysis was common.ConclusionsPlay-based assessments have potential to be reliable and valid tools to assess cognitive and motor skills, but higher-quality research is needed. Psychometric properties should be considered for each play-based assessment before it is used in clinical and research practice.
Tumor location and IDH1 mutation may predict intraoperative seizures during awake craniotomy
Authors: Gonen Tal , Grossman Rachel , Sitt Razi , Nossek Erez , Yanaki Raneen , Cagnano Emanuela , Korn Akiva , Hayat Daniel , Ram Zvi 
Published: August 2014

Object
Intraoperative seizures during awake craniotomy may interfere with patients' ability to cooperate throughout the procedure, and it may affect their outcome. The authors have assessed the occurrence of intraoperative seizures during awake craniotomy in regard to tumor location and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) status of the tumor.

Methods
Data were collected in 137 consecutive patients who underwent awake craniotomy for removal of a brain tumor. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the incidence of seizures based on the tumor location and its IDH1 mutation status, and then compared the groups for clinical variables and surgical outcome parameters.

Results
Tumor location was strongly associated with the occurrence of intraoperative seizures. Eleven patients (73%) with tumor located in the supplementary motor area (SMA) experienced intraoperative seizures, compared with 17 (13.9%) with tumors in the other three non-SMA brain regions (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, there was no significant association between history of seizures and tumor location (p = 0.44). Most of the patients (63.6%) with tumor in the SMA region harbored an IDH1 mutation compared with those who had tumors in non-SMA regions. Thirty-one of 52 patients (60%) with a preoperative history of seizures had an IDH1 mutation (p = 0.02), and 15 of 22 patients (68.2%) who experienced intraoperative seizures had an IDH1 mutation (p = 0.03). In a multivariate analysis, tumor location was found as a significant predictor of intraoperative seizures (p = 0.002), and a trend toward IDH1 mutation as such a predictor was found as well (p = 0.06). Intraoperative seizures were not associated with worse outcome.

Conclusions
Patients with tumors located in the SMA are more prone to develop intraoperative seizures during awake craniotomy compared with patients who have a tumor in non-SMA frontal areas and other brain regions. The IDH1 mutation was more common in SMA region tumors compared with other brain regions, and may be an additional risk factor for the occurrence of intraoperative seizures.
Increased rate of positive penicillin skin tests among patients with glioma: insights into the association between allergies and glioma risk
Authors: Han Sheng , Huang Yanming , Wang Zixun , Li Zhonghua , Qin Xiaofei , Wu Anhua 
Published: August 2014

Object
Allergy and immunoglobulin E levels are inversely associated with glioma risk. Previous studies have focused on respiratory and food allergies, and little information is available regarding drug allergies. This study evaluated the rate of positive penicillin skin tests (PenSTs) and blood eosinophil counts in a large population of patients with glioma compared with nontumor controls to provide evidence for the relationship between drug allergies and glioma risk.

Methods
A retrospective case-control study was conducted in patients diagnosed with glioma (n = 913) between January 2004 and June 2013. The study patients were matched with nontumor controls (n = 1091) for age, sex, and date of admission to the hospital. Preoperative results of the PenST and eosinophil counts were obtained, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression models, while a Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess overall survival.

Results
The percentage of positive PenSTs was higher among patients with glioma than in control subjects. The age-, sex-, and admission date–adjusted OR for positive versus negative PenSTs was 2.392 (95% CI 1.891–3.026). Eosinophil counts were also higher in glioma cases than in controls: the OR for eosinophil > 0.06 × 109/L versus ≤ 0.06 × 109/L was 1.923 (95% CI 1.608–2.301). There was no association between positive PenST/eosinophil counts and glioma grade or patient survival (n = 105).

Conclusions
In contrast to previously reported relationships between allergy and glioma, in the present study a significantly higher rate of positive PenSTs and higher eosinophil counts were found in patients with glioma than in nontumor controls. These results suggest a complex relationship between allergies and glioma development.
Avoiding early complications and reoperation during occipitocervical fusion in pediatric patients
Authors: Mazur Marcus D. , Sivakumar Walavan , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Jones Jaes , Brockmeyer Douglas L. 
Published: August 2014

Object
Surgical arthrodesis for pediatric occipitocervical (OC) instability has a high rate of success in a wide variety of challenging circumstances; however, identifying potential risk factors can help to target variables that should be the focus of improvement. The aim of this paper was to examine risk factors predictive of failure in a population of patients who underwent instrumented OC arthrodesis using a uniform surgical philosophy.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who underwent OC fusion from 2001 to 2013 at a single institution to determine risk factors for surgical failure, defined as reoperation for revision of the arthrodesis or instrumentation. The primary study outcome was either radiographic confirmation of successful OC fusion or surgical failure requiring revision of the arthrodesis or instrumentation. The secondary outcome was the underlying cause of failure (hardware failure, graft failure, or infection). Univariate analysis was performed to assess the association between outcome and patient demographics, cause of OC instability, type of OC instrumentation, bone graft material, biological adjuncts, and complications.

Results
Of the 127 procedures included, 20 (15.7%) involved some form of surgical failure and required revision surgery. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with deep wound infections requiring debridement were more likely to require surgical revision of the hardware or graft (p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with skeletal dysplasia or congenital spinal anomalies were more likely to develop hardware failure than patients with other causes of OC instability (p = 0.020). Surgical failure was not associated with the method of C-2 fixation, type of rigid OC instrumentation, bone graft material, use of bone morphogenetic protein or biological adjuncts, cause of instability, sex, age, or having previous OC fusion operations.

Conclusions
Pediatric patients in the present cohort with postoperative wound infections requiring surgical debridement had higher surgical failure rates after OC fusion. Those with skeletal dysplasia and congenital spinal anomalies were more likely to require reoperation for hardware failure. Better understanding of the mode of surgical failure may enable surgeons to develop strategies to decrease the need for reoperation in pediatric patients with OC instability.
Nationwide practice patterns in the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 in pediatric spine surgery as a function of patient-, hospital-, and procedure-related factors
Authors: Lam Sandi K. , Sayama Christina , Harris Dominic A. , Briceño Valentina , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: August 2014

Object
Current national patterns as a function of patient-, hospital-, and procedure-related factors, and complication rates in the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) as an adjunct to the practice of pediatric spine surgery have scarcely been investigated.

Methods
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and p values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Results
The authors identified 9538 hospitalizations in pediatric patients 20 years old or younger who had undergone spinal fusion in the US in 2009; 1541 of these admissions were associated with rhBMP-2 use. By multivariate logistic regression, the following factors were associated with rhBMP-2 use: patient age 15–20 years; length of hospital stay (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.01, p = 0.017); insurance status (private [aOR 1.49, p < 0.001] compared with Medicaid); hospital type (nonchildren's hospital); region (Midwest [aOR 2.49, p = 0.008] compared with Northeast); spinal refusion (aOR 2.20, p < 0.001); spinal fusion approach/segment (anterior lumbar [aOR 1.73, p < 0.001] and occipitocervical [aOR 1.86, p = 0.013] compared with posterior lumbar); short segment length (aOR 1.42, p = 0.016) and midlength (aOR 1.44, p = 0.005) compared with long; and preoperative diagnosis (Scheuermann kyphosis [aOR 1.56, p < 0.017] and spondylolisthesis [aOR 1.93, p < 0.001]).

Conclusions
Use of BMP in pediatric spine procedures now comprises more than 10% of pediatric spinal fusion. Patient-related (age, insurance type, diagnosis); hospital-related (children's hospital vs general hospital, region in the US); and procedure-related (redo fusion, anterior vs posterior approach, spinal levels, number of levels fused) factors are associated with the variation in BMP use in the US.
Zero-profile hybrid fusion construct versus 2-level plate fixation to treat adjacent-level disease in the cervical spine
Authors: Healy Andrew T. , Sundar Swetha J. , Cardenas Raul J. , Mageswaran Prasath , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E. , Francis Todd B. 
Published: August 2014

Object
Single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an established surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy. Within 10 years of undergoing ACDF, 19.2% of patients develop symptomatic adjacent-level degeneration. Performing ACDF adjacent to prior fusion requires exposure and removal of previously placed hardware, which may increase the risk of adverse outcomes. Zero-profile cervical implants combine an interbody spacer with an anterior plate into a single device that does not extend beyond the intervertebral disc space, potentially obviating the need to remove prior hardware. This study compared the biomechanical stability and adjacent-level range of motion (ROM) following placement of a zero-profile device (ZPD) adjacent to a single-level ACDF against a standard 2-level ACDF.

Methods
In this in vitro biomechanical cadaveric study, multidirectional flexibility testing was performed by a robotic spine system that simulates flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation by applying a continuous pure moment load. Testing conditions were as follows: 1) intact, 2) C5–6 ACDF, 3) C4–5 ZPD supraadjacent to simulated fusion at C5–6, and 4) 2-level ACDF (C4–6). The sequence of the latter 2 test conditions was randomized. An unconstrained pure moment of 1.5 Nm with a 40-N simulated head weight load was applied to the intact condition first in all 3 planes of motion and then using the hybrid test protocol, overall intact kinematics were replicated subsequently for each surgical test condition. Intersegmental rotations were measured optoelectronically. Mean segmental ROM for operated levels and adjacent levels was recorded and normalized to the intact condition and expressed as a percent change from intact. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the ROM between test conditions with a 95% level of significance.

Results
No statistically significant differences in immediate construct stability were found between construct Patterns 3 and 4, in all planes of motion (p > 0.05). At the operated level, C4–5, the zero-profile construct showed greater decreases in axial rotation (–45% vs –36%) and lateral bending (–55% vs –38%), whereas the 2-level ACDF showed greater decreases in flexion-extension (–40% vs –34%). These differences were marginal and not statistically significant. Adjacent-level motion was nearly equivalent, with minor differences in flexion-extension.

Conclusions
When treating degeneration adjacent to a single-level ACDF, a zero-profile implant showed stabilizing potential at the operated level statistically similar to that of the standard revision with a 2-level plate. Revision for adjacent-level disease is common, and using a ZPD in this setting should be investigated clinically because it may be a faster, safer alternative.
Hyb‐Seq: Combining target enrichment and genome skimming for plant phylogenomics
Authors: Weitemier Kevin , Straub Shannon C. K. , Cronn Richard C. , Fishbein Mark , Schmickl Roswitha , McDonnell Angela , Liston Aaron 
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: Hyb‐Seq, the combination of target enrichment and genome skimming, allows simultaneous data collection for low‐copy nuclear genes and high‐copy genomic targets for plant systematics and evolution studies.• Methods and Results: Genome and transcriptome assemblies for milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) were used to design enrichment probes for 3385 exons from 768 genes (>1.6 Mbp) followed by Illumina sequencing of enriched libraries. Hyb‐Seq of 12 individuals (10 Asclepias species and two related genera) resulted in at least partial assembly of 92.6% of exons and 99.7% of genes and an average assembly length >2 Mbp. Importantly, complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA cistrons were assembled using off‐target reads. Phylogenomic analyses demonstrated signal conflict between genomes.• Conclusions: The Hyb‐Seq approach enables targeted sequencing of thousands of low‐copy nuclear exons and flanking regions, as well as genome skimming of high‐copy repeats and organellar genomes, to efficiently produce genome‐scale data sets for phylogenomics.
The Human Occupational Impact of Partner and Close Family Caregiving in Dementia: A Meta-Synthesis of the Qualitative Research, Using a Bespoke Quality Appraisal Tool
Authors: Yong Audrey Su Lin , Price Lee 
Published: August 2014

Introduction: In 2009, the United Kingdom Department of Health identified the need to assist families so that people with dementia can remain living at home. Occupational therapists could support families and their loved ones at home by understanding the human occupational impact of caregiving. This impact includes how one is influenced by values and motivated to perform activities shaped by experiences and life roles. The purpose of this review was to synthesize qualitative research related to family dementia caregiving, extrapolating information about the human occupational impact on the caregiver. The aim was to inform occupational therapy practice. Method: A search was conducted across a range of electronic databases. A quality appraisal tool was specifically developed for the study appraisal and data extraction process. Data were extracted and analysed within the Model of Human Occupation framework. Findings: Twenty studies were included in this review. Five themes emerged: adapting to dementia; staying motivated and in control; preserving occupational balance and wellbeing; gaining meaning from the caregiver role; and losses and burden. Conclusion: The human occupational impact of caregiving affects the quality and decision-making of care for families. Occupational therapists are well placed to support families through the stages of dementia.
Commentary on "Critical phenomena in the spreading of opinion consensus and disagreement"
Authors: Bagnoli Franco 
Published: August 2014

A Commentary on the paper by A Chacoma and D H Zanette [Pap. Phys. 6, 060003 (2014)]. The author of the paper offers a Reply. Received: 3 August 2014, Accepted: 3 August 2014; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060004Cite as: F Bagnoli, Papers in Physics 6, 060004 (2014)