bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rozwój stóp dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym/ The development of children’s feet in preschool age
Authors: Wacławek Paulina , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Truszczyńska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2015

Streszczenie
Wstęp: Za najważniejszy w kształtowaniu się stopy uznaje się wiek przedszkolny i wczesny-szkolny. Celem pracy była ocena rozwoju stop u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym oraz ocena ich ukształtowania z uwzględnieniem wieku i płci. Celem dodatkowym była proba ustalenia, czy za pomocą prostych metod badawczych dostępnych fizjoterapeutom można rzetelnie wyznaczać parametry stop u dzieci.
Materiał i metody: Badania zostały przeprowadzone wśrod 95 dzieci przedszkolnych (49 dziewcząt- 51,6% oraz 46 chłopcow- 48,4%). Analizie poddano następujące dane: płeć, wiek kalendarzowy dziecka, dane antropometryczne (wysokość ciała liczona w cm i masa ciała liczona w kg). Badania dokonano metodą plankturograficzną. Analizie poddano długość i szerokość stopy, kąt koślawości palucha ALFA, kąt szpotawości palca małego BETA, kąt piętowy GAMMA, wskaźnik kątowy Clarke’a oraz wskaźnik Wejsfloga.
Wyniki: Badanie za pomocą metody plankturograficznej umożliwiło dokładną i rzetelną ocenę stop grupy badanej. Potwierdzono wysoce istotną statystycznie rożnice pomiędzy szerokością i długością stopy prawej i lewej, a wiekiem dzieci. W przypadku wskaźnika Wejsfloga odnotowano wysoce istotne statystycznie rożnice pomiędzy wynikiem pomiaru u dzieci 5 -letnich względem dzieci 3-letnich i 4-letnich. Nie stwierdzono rożnic pomiędzy budowa stop dzieci biorąc pod uwagę ich płeć.
Wnioski: 1. Budowa stop dziewczynek i chłopcow w okresie ich progresywnego rozwoju kształtuje się w sposob zbliżony do siebie. Jedynie dzieci 5-letnie wykazują wyższy poziom rozwojowy wysklepienia stop w porownaniu do pozostałych dzieci. Nie zaobserwowano istotnych rożnic pomiędzy rozwojem stop u dziewcząt i chłopcow, co świadczy o braku wyraźnie zaznaczonego dymorfizmu płciowego w kształtowaniu się wysklepienia stopy. 2. Większość dzieci miało prawidłowo zbudowane stopy, zatem zlecanie ćwiczeń korekcyjnych dla wszystkich dzieci nie znajduje swojego uzasadnienia. 3. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły wysoką wartość metody badania stop jaką jest plankturografia.
The utility of fractal analysis in clinical neuroscience
Authors: John Ann M. , Elfanagely Omar , Ayala Carlos A. , Cohen Michael , Prestigiacomo Charles J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPhysicians and scientists can use fractal analysis as a tool to objectively quantify complex patterns found in neuroscience and neurology. Fractal analysis has the potential to allow physicians to make predictions about clinical outcomes, categorize pathological states, and eventually generate diagnoses. In this review, we categorize and analyze the applications of fractal theory in neuroscience found in the literature. We discuss how fractals are applied and what evidence exists for fractal analysis in neurodegeneration, neoplasm, neurodevelopment, neurophysiology, epilepsy, neuropharmacology, and cell morphology. The goal of this review is to introduce the medical community to the utility of applying fractal theory in clinical neuroscience.
Empiricism within the limits of postmodernism alone: On the emergence of the logically real within the multi-perspectival field
Authors: Filimowicz Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis essay offers a semiotic account of the Logically Real as an emergent category of multi-perspectival experience. Such an approach is supported by phenomenological, developmental, and cognitive discourses, which conceptualize the emergence of object permanence through sensorimotor interactions. Within this frame, I argue that humanities needs a form of native empiricism – by which I mean a discourse of the real, articulated through monosemic practices that symbolize the literal – as a component of the revitalization being wrought by the digital humanities. I adopt Sartre’s concept of the analagon complemented with a notion of codon to explicate what I call the sign dominance of the image, which is explored in relation to the experience of the sign as an act of imagination. Forms of practiced monosemy concatenated around the experienced permanence of objects is offered as a viable humanist discursive strategy toward revivifying empirical methodologies.
Photogénie as “the Other” of the semiotics of cinema: On Yuri Lotman’s concept of “the mythological”
Authors: Hwan Kim Soo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOne of the most problematic concepts in film theory, photogénie, refers to the dimension of “the Other,” which is not fully covered by the process of cultural signification, and obviously verges on a zone “beyond” the semiotics. Exactly in this site Epstein, Balazs, and Barthes ought to affirm the existence of the problematic “the Other” level of signification – an autonomous entity as a potential semiotic threat. Yuri Lotman’s view on cinema, in particular, his thought on “the mythological” essence of cinema, can provide productive insight into the question: how can the semiotics of cinema deal with this elusive and ineffable phenomenon, which is extremely difficult to manipulate? His thoughts on “the mythological” as another (asemiotic) level of semiosis, and his concepts of close-up as “proper name” can give us a chance to admit positively this essential “alterity” of cinematic signification, not just denying or transcendentalizing it as some mysterious “thing-in-itself.”
Who said it? Voices in news translation, from a semiotic perspective
Authors: Troqe Rovena , Fontanille Jacques 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn Translation studies, it has long been understood that when translation is integrated into journalism, concepts such as equivalence and authorship become highly problematic. However, there is still no reference to a general method that might explain why news production impacts the very process of translation and affects the translated texts themselves. In this paper, we introduce a new semiotic approach that measures shifts in translated texts by using semiotic modalities and relates these shifts to axiologies by actants of the practice of translation. Translated texts by an Italian weekly magazine are adopted as a case study and an analysis of the textual corpora is coupled with think-aloud protocols by editors. The semiotic approach reveals that the actantial dynamics are conflictual: while the translators’ performance is compatible with the equivalence value, journalists endorse values that result in the content of the original being altered. The divergence between the axiology of the actant initiating the practice and the axiology pursued by the translators affects the way the concept of translation is generated.
To be continued: meaning-making in serialized manga as functional-multimodal narrative
Authors: Yang Xiran , Webster Jonathan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses meaning-making in serialized adventure manga (Japanese comics) by examining its metafunctional organization. Manga, whose components cover a multimodal cline from graphics to verbals, is seen as a multimodal narrative whose features are mapped onto the different metafunctions: time – experiential, with diegetic time lapse defining the start point to construe experience; cause-effect – logical, with relative positioning of components reflecting logical relations diegetically; space – compositional, with diegetic and extradiegetic spaces contributing to the coherence and cohesion of the story. The overarching interpersonal aspect of manga makes it a medium of exchange between the author and the reader and encourages the reader to actively decode idiosyncratic meanings.
From Saussure to sociology and back to linguistics: Niklas Luhmann’s reception of signifiant/signifié and langue/parole as the basis for a model of language change
Authors: Zeige Lars Erik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe article highlights a semiotically relevant aspect of Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Social Systems: its reception of the Saussurean dichotomiessignifiant/signifiéandlangue/parole. Luhmann’s position is weighted against theCoursas well as Saussure’s original writings, sampling their approaches to form, meaning, the sign’s two-sidedness, and the relation of linguistic structure and speech events. Ultimately, the article proposes a social ontology of linguistic abstraction in line with general semiology that explains the motility of language through communication, thereby accounting for variability and optionality. It also indicates as to how the theoretical framework can feed into a model of linguistic description.
Determination of crystal structures and tautomeric states of 2-ammoniobenzenesulfonates by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction
Authors: Bekö Sándor L. , Czech Christian , Neumann Marcus A. , Schmidt Martin U. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The crystal structures of 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-ammoniobenzenesulfonate and of the corresponding derivatives 4,5-dimethyl- and 4,5-dichloro-2-ammoniobenzenesulfonates have been determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. The tautomeric state of all three compounds could also be unequivocally determined from laboratory data, using careful Rietveld refinements. The tautomeric state was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The compounds are neither isostructural to each other nor to the 5-chloro-4-methyl derivate, despite the similar size of the chloro and methyl substituents. The influence of the chloro and methyl substituents on the packing and on the thermal stability is demonstrated. All crystal structures were confirmed by dispersion-corrected DFT calculations. For the 4-chloro-5-methyl and the 4,5-dichloro derivatives the DFT calculations indicated that the observed polymorph should not be the thermodynamical one. However, no other polymorphs could be found in experimental polymorph screening, even using seeding with the corresponding isostructural phases. Obviously the DFT methods need further improvements.
Is there a role for segmental adrenal venous sampling and adrenal sparing surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism?
Authors: Satoh Fumitoshi , Morimoto Ryo , Seiji Kazumasa , Satani Nozomi , Ota Hideki , Iwakura Yoshitsugu , Ono Yoshikiyo , Kudo Masataka , Nezu Masahiro , Omata Kei , Tezuka Yuta , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Ishidoya Shigeto , Arai Yoichi , Takase Kei , Nakamura Yasuhiro , McNamara Keely , Sasano Hironobu , Ito Sadayoshi 
Published: July 2015

Objective and designAdrenal venous sampling (AVS) is critical to determine the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA). Central AVS (C-AVS) – that is, the collection of effluents from bilateral adrenal central veins (CV) – sometimes does not allow differentiation between bilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. To establish the best treatment course, we have developed segmental AVS (S-AVS); that is, we collect effluents from the tributaries of CV to determine the intra-adrenal sources of aldosterone overproduction. We then evaluated the clinical utility of this novel approach in the diagnosis and treatment of PA.MethodsWe performed C-AVS and/or S-AVS in 297 PA patients and assessed the accuracy of diagnosis based on the results of C-AVS (n=138, 46.5%) and S-AVS (n=159, 53.5%) by comparison with those of clinicopathological evaluation of resected specimens.ResultsS-AVS demonstrated both elevated and attenuated secretion of aldosterone from APA and non-tumorous segments, respectively, in patients with bilateral APA and recurrent APA. These findings were completely confirmed by detailed histopathological examination after surgery. S-AVS, but not C-AVS, also served to identify APA located distal from the CV.ConclusionsCompared to C-AVS, S-AVS served to identify APA in some patients, and its use should expand the pool of patients eligible for adrenal sparing surgery through the identification of unaffected segments, despite the fact that S-AVS requires more expertise and time. Especially, this new technique could enormously benefit patients with bilateral or recurrent APA because of the preservation of non-tumorous glandular tissue.
Is idiopathic hirsutism (IH) really idiopathic? mRNA expressions of skin steroidogenic enzymes in women with IH
Authors: Taheri Serpil , Zararsiz Gokmen , Karaburgu Sulbiye , Borlu Murat , Ozgun Mahmut Tuncay , Karaca Zuleyha , Tanriverdi Fatih , Dundar Munis , Kelestimur Fahrettin , Unluhizarci Kursad 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveHirsutism results from hyperandrogenemia and/or exaggerated androgen responsiveness. Among various causes of hirsutism, some patients do not exhibit androgen excess which is called idiopathic hirsutism (IH). The pathogenesis of IH could not so far be clearly established.DesignTo investigate the mRNA expression of aromatase enzyme and the other enzymes having functional roles in the steroidogenic pathway, in freshly obtained skin tissue from subumbilical skin and the arm of the patients with IH and healthy women.MethodsTwenty-one women with IH and 15 healthy women were included in the study. We aimed to determine mRNA expressions of genes associated with local androgen synthesis and metabolism (CYP11A1, STS, CYP19A1, SRD5A1, SRD5A2, HSD3B1, AR, COMT, ESR1, ESR2, HSD3B2, CYP17A1, SULT2A1, SULT1E1, HSD17B2, IL6, TGFB1, TNFA) from skin biopsy and blood samples of patients with IH and the data compared with healthy subjects.ResultsPatients with IH exhibit significantly lower interleukin 6 (IL6) mRNA expression and higher steroid sulphatase (STS) and hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2), gene mRNA expression, respectively, in the subumbilical region skin biopsies. Similarly, patients with IH exhibit significantly lowerIL6mRNA expression and higherSTSandHSD17B2gene mRNA expression, respectively, in the arm skin compared to healthy women's subumbilical region.ConclusionsIn both arm and subumbilical skin biopsy of patients with IH, we observed an up-regulation ofHSD17B2andSTS, decreasedIL6mRNA expression, probably determining an increase in the local amount of active androgens, which could then be used as substrate for other androgen metabolic routes.
The Pace of Hybrid Incompatibility Evolution in House Mice
Authors: Wang Richard J , White Michael A , Payseur Bret A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHybrids between species are often sterile or inviable. This form of reproductive isolation is thought to evolve via the accumulation of mutations that interact to reduce fitness when combined in hybrids. Mathematical formulations of this “Dobzhansky–Muller model” predict an accelerating buildup of hybrid incompatibilities with divergence time (the “snowball effect”). Although the Dobzhansky–Muller model is widely accepted, the snowball effect has only been tested in two species groups. We evaluated evidence for the snowball effect in the evolution of hybrid male sterility among subspecies of house mice, a recently diverged group that shows partial reproductive isolation. We compared the history of subspecies divergence with patterns of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected in F2 intercrosses between two pairs of subspecies (Mus musculus domesticus with M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus with M. m. castaneus). We used a recently developed phylogenetic comparative method to statistically measure the fit of these data to the snowball prediction. To apply this method, QTL were partitioned as either shared or unshared in the two crosses. A heuristic partitioning based on the overlap of QTL confidence intervals produced unambiguous support for the snowball effect. An alternative approach combining data among crosses favored the snowball effect for the autosomes, but a linear accumulation of incompatibilities for the X chromosome. Reasoning that the X chromosome analyses are complicated by low mapping resolution, we conclude that hybrid male sterility loci have snowballed in house mice. Our study illustrates the power of comparative genetic mapping for understanding mechanisms of speciation.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Intracranial Abnormalities in Unprovoked Seizures
Authors: Dayan Peter S. , Lillis Kathleen , Bennett Jonathan , Conners Gregory , Bailey Pam , Callahan James , Akman Cigdem , Feldstein Neil , Kriger Joshua , Hauser W. Allen , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Prospective data are lacking to determine which children might benefit from prompt neuroimaging after unprovoked seizures. We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, relevant intracranial abnormalities in children with first, unprovoked seizures.

METHODS:
We conducted a 6-center prospective study in children aged &gt;28 days to 18 years with seemingly unprovoked seizures. Emergency department (ED) clinicians documented clinical findings on a standardized form. Our main outcome was the presence of a clinically relevant intracranial abnormality on computed tomography (CT) or MRI, defined as those that might change management, either emergently, urgently, or nonurgently.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 475 of 625 (76%) eligible patients. Of 354 patients for whom cranial MRI or CT scans were obtained in the ED or within 4 months of the ED visit, 40 (11.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0–14.6%) had clinically relevant intracranial abnormalities, with 3 (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.1–1.8%) having emergent/urgent abnormalities. On logistic regression analysis, a high-risk past medical history (adjusted odds ratio: 9.2; 95% CI: 2.4–35.7) and any focal aspect to the seizure (odds ratio: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.3) were independently associated with clinically relevant abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinically relevant intracranial abnormalities occur in 11% of children with first, unprovoked seizures. Emergent/urgent abnormalities, however, occur in &lt;1%, suggesting that most children do not require neuroimaging in the ED. Findings on patient history and physical examination identify patients at higher risk of relevant abnormalities.
On the Lyrical Presentation of History: Hegel and the Modern Poem
Authors: Allred Ammon 
Published: July 2015

The article recasts the pre-history of philosophy as it is understood by G. W. F. Hegel, so as to examine what a “Lyrical Presentation of History” might have been. The essay argues that Hegel’s treatment of history at the end of his Lectures on Aesthetics suffers from an inattention to the specific philosophical content of modern lyrical poetry, which can be located in his claim that lyrical poetry is primarily concerned with the subject. In contrast, the author argues that Hegel’s account ought to have led him to hold that lyrical poetry is primarily concerned with subjective, alienated worlds, which he calls “counterworlds”. The essay ends with a brief treatment of three poems by Paul Celan to show how this shift in the meaning of lyrical poetry would have led Hegel to give greater weight to lyrical poetry in his theory of history.
A tirania da maioria: revisitando o debate
Authors: Costa Marta Nunes da 
Published: July 2015

Tocqueville e John Stuart Mill são dois dos grandes mestresde ciência política e filosofia política. Com efeito, poderíamos dizer quesomos todos discípulos destes autores. Por um lado, porque Tocquevillefoi o primeiro autor a refletir sobre o paradigma democrático, entendidocomo constelação política especificamente moderna. Por outro lado, oconceito ou ideal de liberdade desempenha um papel central nos doisautores. Liberdade é um dos pilares fundadores de qualquer projetodemocrático e apesar do reconhecimento da importância igualmentevital do conceito de igualdade, que se vem afirmando como condiçãonecessária para o desenvolvimento politico na era de Tocqueville e de Mill, a liberdade permanece central nas suas preocupações. Neste artigo irei revisitar os argumentos avançados pelos autores, argumentos estes que nos alertam para os perigos da democracia, e mais precisamente, a tirania da maioria. Começarei por retratar o contexto das obras de Democracia na América de Tocqueville e Sobre a Liberdade de Mill. De seguida, ofereço uma reflexão sobre as implicações da tirania da maioria hoje. Por fim, proponho um conjunto de medidas que nos poderão ajudar a contrabalançar as tendências antidemocráticas das democracias contemporâneas.
Processo de participação coletiva na internet: uma ética para o ciberespaço
Authors: Parode Fabio Pezzi , Zapata Maximiliano , Bentz Ione 
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio tem como objetivo problematizar o papel da internet como agente de difusão de informação, ferramenta produtora de conhecimento e cultura. Os processos participativos em rede, as comunidades virtuais, colocam em evidência as tensões entre um antigo modelo calcado em estruturas de poderes centralizados, e a emergência de uma ordem dispersiva e fragmentária na dinâmica social. É nesse contexto que surgem as polêmicas em torno do Marco Civil da Internet, nosso objeto de estudo. A instauração do Marco Civil, deu lugar à concepção e busca de regulação da internet como patrimônio coletivo. Nosso objetivo é analisar o Marco Civil, no quadro das politicas de promoção do acesso à internet, através de um diálogo entre comunicação, ética e filosofia, questionando seus princípios fundamentais quanto ao pluralismo e a diversidade cultural, a fim de produzir uma reflexão fundamentada sobre os eixos reguladores deste projeto de Lei.
A végrehajtó funkciók zavara afáziában
Authors: Szöllősi Izabella , Lukács Ágnes , Zakariás Lilla 
Published: July 2015

Háttér és célok
Újabb eredmények szerint afáziában a nyelvhasználati képesség diszfunkciójához a végrehajtó funkciók zavara is társulhat. A végrehajtó funkciók a nyelvi feldolgozórendszer működésében is szerepet játszhatnak. Kutatásunkban afáziával diagnosztizált személyeknél vizsgáltuk a munkamemória frissítését és két gátlófunkciót (a válaszalapú konfliktus és a reprezentációs konfliktus feloldását), illetve ezek összefüggését a nyelvi teljesítménnyel.

Módszer
A vizsgálatban nyolc afáziával diagnosztizált, a frontális lebeny sérülését mutató személy, illetve a hozzájuk korban, nemben és iskolázottságban illesztett egészséges kontrollszemély vett részt. A végrehajtó funkciók vizsgálatára három feladatot használtunk: a Stop Signal, a Nem-verbális Stroop- és az N-back feladatokat. A nyelvi képességeket az afázia diagnosztikájában általánosan alkalmazott teszteken kívül a TROG Nyelvtani Szerkezetek Megértése teszttel mértük.

Eredmények
Eredményeink a válaszalapú konfliktus gátlásának és a munkamemória frissítésének zavarát mutatták afáziában. Tendenciaszintű összefüggést találtunk a nyelvtani szerkezetek megértése és a munkamemória frissítése között, nem találtunk azonban öszszefüggést a megértés és a gátlási mutatók között.

Konklúzió
Afáziában a frontális lebeny sérülése esetén a nyelvi problémák mellett a végrehajtó funkciók, azon belül a válaszalapú konfliktus feloldásának és a frissítési folyamatoknak, illetve a munkamemória megtartó funkciójának sérülése is megfigyelhető. A frissítési funkciók sérülése a nyelvi feldolgozórendszer működését is érintheti.