bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic excitability measures track antiepileptic drug action and uncover increasing/decreasing excitability over the wake/sleep cycle
Authors: Meisel Christian , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Freestone Dean , Cook Mark James , Achermann Peter , Plenz Dietmar 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Dynamic changes of cortical excitability are relevant in both healthy and pathological network dynamics. In epilepsy, pathological changes in excitability commonly underlie the initiation and spread of seizures. Accordingly, the ability to monitor excitability and control its degree is important for adequate clinical care and treatment because classic EEG markers found in epilepsy such as interictal spikes do not reflect seizure propensity and thus excitability. Here, we identify excitability markers and test them on long-term electrocorticogram and EEG recordings. We show that they correlate with more direct excitability measures using external stimulation and allow for real-time excitability monitoring. Our results provide evidence that excitability of cortical networks is reduced by antiepileptic drugs and increases as a function of time awake.
Human emotions track changes in the acoustic environment
Authors: Ma Weiyi , Thompson William Forde 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Emotions function to optimize adaptive responses to biologically significant events. In the auditory channel, humans are highly attuned to emotional signals in speech and music that arise from shifts in the frequency spectrum, intensity, and rate of acoustic information. We found that changes in acoustic attributes that evoke emotional responses in speech and music also trigger emotions when perceived in environmental sounds, including sounds arising from human actions, animal calls, machinery, or natural phenomena, such as wind and rain. The findings align with Darwin’s hypothesis that speech and music originated from a common emotional signal system based on the imitation and modification of sounds in the environment.
Unmyelinated type II afferent neurons report cochlear damage
Authors: Liu Chang , Glowatzki Elisabeth , Fuchs Paul Albert 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Painfully loud sound causes protective or withdrawal responses, rather than continued listening. This differential behavior invites comparison with somatic pain responses driven by the anatomically distinct subset of small-diameter, unmyelinated afferents—C fibers. Like somatic C fibers, unmyelinated type II cochlear afferents differ in size, number, and innervation pattern from type I afferents that encode sound. Here, we show that type II afferents are excited during cochlear tissue damage in part by the algogenic cytoplasmic metabolite adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This finding, together with previous evidence that type II afferents respond weakly to synaptic transmission from cochlear hair cells, and normally are insensitive to sound, supports the identification of type II afferents as cochlear nociceptors, mediating the sensation of painfully loud sound.
FOXO regulates RNA interference in
Drosophila
and protects from RNA virus infection
Authors: Spellberg Michael J. , Marr Michael T. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
A major conclusion of this work is that the effectiveness RNA interference, previously thought to be a constant, is coupled to cellular and organismal physiology through the forkhead box O (FOXO) pathway. The FOXO transcription factors respond to metabolic changes in the cell and are a central node for multiple stress responses, viral immunity, and lifespan, all topics of broad interest. In addition, these factors have a profound influence on aging and lifespan. Much effort is being spent to identify downstream targets of FOXO that allow the extension of lifespan and slowing of aging. Directly connecting FOXO with small RNA pathways and innate viral immunity provides a previously unidentified bridge between metabolism and fitness.
Deformation and failure of curved colloidal crystal shells
Authors: Negri Carlotta , Sellerio Alessandro L. , Zapperi Stefano , Miguel M. Carmen 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Substantial experimental and theoretical work has been devoted to understand the equilibrium properties of curved crystals, but these crystals’ stability under mechanical forces remains largely unexplored and unknown. Understanding how curved crystals can adapt their shape and resist failure is of fundamental importance because these structures are at the forefront in the drive to fabricate new functionalized self-assembled materials. Here, we address these questions by numerical simulations of the deformation of colloidal crystalline shells. Our results highlight the fundamental role played by geometrically necessary crystal defects in controlling mechanical stability and plastic rearrangements of the shell.
Stock Differences in Growth, Smolting, and Early Male Maturation in Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon: a Common-Garden Experiment
Authors: Spangenberg Dina K. , Larsen Donald A. , Gerstenberger Ryan , Brun Chris , Harstad Deborah L. , Nance Shelly , Rohrbach Larissa , Beckman Brian R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Hatchery spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from Parkdale Hatchery on the Hood River, Oregon, and Carson National Fish Hatchery (CNFH) on the Wind River, Washington, were reared under a common-garden experimental regime at CNFH over three consecutive brood years (2008–2010) to assess the effects of stock on smoltification and early male maturation. Rearing groups were monitored for size, percent solid (a surrogate for whole-body lipid), gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and rate of precocious maturation in males (i.e., age-2 minijack rate). Despite rearing of the stocks under identical conditions, the out-of-basin Hood River stock was significantly smaller throughout the study and at release as smolts, had lower whole-body lipid at release, and had lower gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity at release than the Carson stock; furthermore, the Hood River stock exhibited much higher mean minijack rates than the Carson stock (45% versus 23% of males). Using logistic regression, we demonstrated that the threshold size for initiation of early male maturation was significantly lower for the Hood River stock than for the Carson stock, suggesting a genetic basis for this life history difference. The present study highlights the importance of understanding how specific genotypes may respond differently to the unique environmental conditions in a given hatchery environment. These differences may in turn influence physiological and life history pathways that affect smolt-to-adult return rates and the demography of returning adults.
CopyNumber450kCancer: baseline correction for accurate copy number calling from the 450k methylation array
Authors: Marzouka Nour-al-dain , Nordlund Jessica , Bäcklin Christofer L. , Lönnerholm Gudmar , Syvänen Ann-Christine , Carlsson Almlöf Jonas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450k) is widely used for the evaluation of DNA methylation levels in large-scale datasets, particularly in cancer. The 450k design allows copy number variant (CNV) calling using existing bioinformatics tools. However, in cancer samples, numerous large-scale aberrations cause shifting in the probe intensities and thereby may result in erroneous CNV calling. Therefore, a baseline correction process is needed. We suggest the maximum peak of probe segment density to correct the shift in the intensities in cancer samples.
Availability and implementation: CopyNumber450kCancer is implemented as an R package. The package with examples can be downloaded at http://cran.r-project.org.
Contact: nour.marzouka@medsci.uu.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long-term Survival for Patients Undergoing Volatile versus IV Anesthesia for Cancer Surgery
Authors: Wigmore Timothy J. , Mohammed Kabir , Jhanji Shaman 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a retrospective analysis, the authors compared mortality after cancer surgery in more than 7,000 patients given volatile general anesthesia or total IV anesthesia. Mortality was approximately 50% greater with volatile than with IV anesthesia, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.46 (1.29 to 1.66).
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Surgical resection remains the best option for long-term survival in many solid tumors. Surgery can, however, lead to tumor cell release into the circulation. Data have suggested differential effects of anesthetic agents on cancer cell growth. This retrospective analysis investigated the association of anesthetic technique with long-term survival in patients presenting for elective surgery in a comprehensive cancer center over 3 yr.

Methods
All patients undergoing elective surgery between June 2010 and May 2013 were included. Patients were grouped according to whether they had received volatile inhalational (INHA) or total IV anesthesia (TIVA). After excluding those who received both forms of anesthesia during the study period, Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed from the date of surgery to death. After propensity matching, univariate and multivariable regression models were used to compare hazard ratios for death.

Results
A total of 11,395 anesthetics using INHA or TIVA were delivered in the study period. After exclusions, 3,316 patients (796 deaths, 24%) remained in the INHA group and 3,714 (504 deaths, 13.5%) in the TIVA group. After propensity matching, 2,607 patients remained in each group (597 deaths, 22.8%, in INHA group vs. 407, 15.6%, in TIVA group). Volatile inhalational anesthesia was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.59 (1.30 to 1.95) for death on univariate analysis and 1.46 (1.29 to 1.66) after multivariable analysis of known confounders in the matched group.

Conclusions
This retrospective analysis demonstrates an association between type of anesthetic delivered and survival. This analysis alongside biological plausibility should lead to urgent prospective work exploring the effect of anesthetic technique on survival.
Patient-controlled Analgesia with Target-controlled Infusion of Hydromorphone in Postoperative Pain Therapy
Authors: Jeleazcov Christian , Ihmsen Harald , Saari Teijo I. , Rohde Doris , Mell Jan , Fröhlich Katharina , Krajinovic Ljubica , Fechner Jörg , Schwilden Helmut , Schüttler Jürgen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAbstract
Using hydromorphone-specific pharmacokinetic parameters, accurate target-controlled infusions can be delivered. Using combined target-controlled infusion with patient-controlled analgesia, satisfactory postoperative pain control can be delivered with moderate levels of opioid-related side effects.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a common method for postoperative pain therapy, but it is characterized by large variation of plasma concentrations. PCA with target-controlled infusion (TCI-PCA) may be an alternative. In a previous analysis, the authors developed a pharmacokinetic model for hydromorphone. In this secondary analysis, the authors investigated the feasibility and efficacy of TCI-PCA for postoperative pain therapy with hydromorphone.

Methods
Fifty adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. Postoperatively, hydromorphone was applied intravenously during three sequential periods: (1) as TCI with plasma target concentrations of 1 to 2 ng/ml until extubation; (2) as TCI-PCA with plasma target concentrations between 0.8 and 10 ng/ml during the following 6 to 8 h; and (3) thereafter as PCA with a bolus dose of 0.2 mg until the next morning. During TCI-PCA, pain was regularly assessed using the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS). A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was developed using ordinal logistic regression based on measured plasma concentrations.

Results
Data of 43 patients aged 40 to 81 yr were analyzed. The hydromorphone dose during TCI-PCA was 0.26 mg/h (0.07 to 0.93 mg/h). The maximum plasma target concentration during TCI-PCA was 2.3 ng/ml (0.9 to 7.0 ng/ml). The NRS score under deep inspiration was less than 5 in 83% of the ratings. Nausea was present in 30%, vomiting in 9%, and respiratory insufficiency in 5% of the patients. The EC50 of hydromorphone for NRS of 4 or less was 4.1 ng/ml (0.6 to 12.8 ng/ml).

Conclusion
TCI-PCA with hydromorphone offered satisfactory postoperative pain therapy with moderate side effects.
Sleep Homeostasis and General Anesthesia
Authors: Gardner Benjamin , Strus Ewa , Meng Qing Cheng , Coradetti Thomas , Naidoo Nirinjini N. , Kelz Max B. , Williams Julie A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAbstract
Propofol produced anesthesia in the fruit fly Drosophila, but it did not dissipate sleep debt or satisfy the homeostatic need for sleep in contrast to rodents. Further studies will be required to validate the findings in both rodents and flies and reconcile the apparent species-specific differences in the interactions between natural sleep and general anesthesia.

Background
Shared neurophysiologic features between sleep and anesthetic-induced hypnosis indicate a potential overlap in neuronal circuitry underlying both states. Previous studies in rodents indicate that preexisting sleep debt discharges under propofol anesthesia. The authors explored the hypothesis that propofol anesthesia also dispels sleep pressure in the fruit fly. To the authors’ knowledge, this constitutes the first time propofol has been tested in the genetically tractable model, Drosophila melanogaster.

Methods
Daily sleep was measured in Drosophila by using a standard locomotor activity assay. Propofol was administered by transferring flies onto food containing various doses of propofol or equivalent concentrations of vehicle. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the tissue concentrations of ingested propofol. To determine whether propofol anesthesia substitutes for natural sleep, the flies were subjected to 10-h sleep deprivation (SD), followed by 6-h propofol exposure, and monitored for subsequent sleep.

Results
Oral propofol treatment causes anesthesia in flies as indicated by a dose-dependent reduction in locomotor activity (n = 11 to 41 flies from each group) and increased arousal threshold (n = 79 to 137). Recovery sleep in flies fed propofol after SD was delayed until after flies had emerged from anesthesia (n = 30 to 48). SD was also associated with a significant increase in mortality in propofol-fed flies (n = 44 to 46).

Conclusions
Together, these data indicate that fruit flies are effectively anesthetized by ingestion of propofol and suggest that homologous molecular and neuronal targets of propofol are conserved in Drosophila. However, behavioral measurements indicate that propofol anesthesia does not satisfy the homeostatic need for sleep and may compromise the restorative properties of sleep.
Intussusception in Children Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Yap Shiyi Eileen , Ganapathy Sashikumar 
Published: November 2015

Objective
This project examines the presenting complaints of children with intussusception in the emergency department in an Asian population, with a focus on older children, which has not been well described in previous studies.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on children aged 6 months to 15 years, whose conditions were diagnosed with intussusception in KK Women's and Children's Hospital for a 5-year period (2009–2013), based on the case definition established by the Brighton Collaborate Intussusception Working Group.

Results
Three hundred ninety-one cases were identified to fulfill the case definition as per the Brighton Collaborative Intussusception Working Group. The mean age of children diagnosed with intussusception is 2.59 years, predominantly in males (65.22%). A total of 3.33% were 10 years or older. Only 3.58% presented with the classical triad—intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. In contrast, 22.51% of our Asian patients presented with a triad of intermittent abdominal pain, indrawing of legs, and vomiting. A total of 76.73% of our subjects were treated by air enema only, whereas 22 required surgical treatment after unsuccessful attempts of air enema, and 63 resolved spontaneously, including 7 with ileoileal intussusception. No mortality was documented.

Conclusions
Intussusception is usually diagnosed in the younger population (age <1 year) and predominantly in males. Our study has established that older Asian children can also have intussusception. The classical triad is not a very sensitive diagnostic tool, but the combination of abdominal pain, indrawing of legs, and vomiting may be a more common presenting triad in Asian children.
Medulloblastoma With Obstructive Hydrocephalus in a Young Infant
Authors: Abaya Ruth , Belasco Jean B. , Ellison Angela M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common posterior fossa tumor diagnosed in young infants. The presentation of posterior fossa tumors in neonates is highly variable. We report the case of a 2-month-old child who presented with poor feeding and lethargy and was noted to have a fixed downward gaze. Head computed tomography revealed a posterior fossa mass that was pathologically consistent with a medulloblastoma. This case demonstrates the uncommon presentation of posterior fossa tumors in young infants.
Identification and analysis of integrons and cassette arrays in bacterial genomes
Authors: Cury Jean , Jové Thomas , Touchon Marie , Néron Bertrand , Rocha Eduardo PC 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntegrons recombine gene arrays and favor the spread of antibiotic resistance. Their broader roles in bacterial adaptation remain mysterious, partly due to lack of computational tools. We made a program – IntegronFinder – to identify integrons with high accuracy and sensitivity. IntegronFinder is available as a standalone program and as a web application. It searches forattCsites using covariance models, for integron-integrases using HMM profiles, and for other features (promoters,attlsite) using pattern matching. We searched for integrons, integron-integrases lackingattCsites, and clusters ofattC siteslacking a neighboring integron-integrase in bacterial genomes. All these elements are especially frequent in genomes of intermediate size. They are missing in some key phyla, such as α-Proteobacteria, which might reflect selection against cell lineages that acquire integrons. The similarity betweenattCsites is proportional to the number of cassettes in the integron, and is particularly low in clusters ofattCsites lacking integron-integrases. The latter are unexpectedly abundant in genomes lacking integron-integrases or their remains, and have a large novel pool of cassettes lacking homologs in the databases. They might represent an evolutionary step between the acquisition of genes within integrons and their stabilization in the new genome.
Noticing the unusual: a self-prompt strategy for adults with autism
Authors: Silver Kate , Parsons Sarah 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– There is a substantial lack of research focusing on how to support the social understanding of high-functioning adults with autism (HFA). The perspectives of three adults with HFA were used to develop and implement self-prompt systems to increase knowledge and awareness of social situations. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured interviews and diaries were used to support individuals to reflect on video-based and real-life social situations, within a qualitative participatory case study design. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically.

Findings
– Participants developed and used a self-prompt system to support their social understanding in a range of situations. “Noticing the unusual” in social situations, consideration of the potential impact of others’ behavior on them personally, and guessing the intention of others were identified as useful strategies. Basing social judgments on the facial expressions of others was not useful.

Research limitations/implications
– This was a small-scale study with only three high-functioning participants and so the research needs to be extended to a wider group.

Practical implications
– There is considerable potential for this approach to be used with adults accessing support services because the strategies identified can be easily applied and personalized.

Social implications
– Independent, unplanned use of the self-prompt strategy enabled participants to reduce dependence on others in social situations through supporting their independent thinking and actions.

Originality/value
– This study moves away from a deficit-focussed model of intervention to one that seeks to uncover strengths in order to empower individuals to use their existing knowledge.
A proposed framework for renewable energy technology commercialization and partnership synergy
Authors: Manoukian Agassy , HassabElnaby Hassan R. , Odabashian Vahe 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework for renewable energy (RE) technology commercialization and partnership synergy. The interrelations/influences between external/internal factors, stakeholders’ partnership synergy, and resources in the form of dynamic capabilities and implementation mechanisms are used in this framework to explore the path toward overcoming non-technical barriers for RE technologies commercialization success.

Design/methodology/approach
– Prior relevant research/literature is reviewed to derive the proposed theoretical framework constructs, while insight information on relationship between them is gained through case study methodology. The results of four case studies along with 16 validity/checkpoint interviews were used to support/reject 25 propositions linking the constructs.

Findings
– The findings of the study supported 24 out of 25 propositions representing these relations, whereas one was rejected. The framework suggests that partnership synergy, if achieved, produces a unique internal and external resource combination that will result in successful technology commercialization.

Research limitations/implications
– This study is limited to RE technologies and did not focus individually on non-technical barriers. Future research may extend into other industries and explore the impact of partnership synergy on each non-technical barrier of technology commercialization.

Originality/value
– Due to absence of economic theory of synergy there is a gap in academic literature regarding partnership between stakeholders of innovative technologies, the level of its synergy and their relation to successful commercialization. The study attempts to fill this gap to some extent through the produced theoretical framework, which might also help a broad array of RE projects’ participants maximize the returns by realizing full advantage of collaboration with other stakeholders.