bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bernoulli measure of complex admissible kneading sequences
Authors: BRUIN HENK , SCHLEICHER DIERK 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIterated quadratic polynomials give rise to a rich collection of different dynamical systems that are parametrized by a simple complex parameter $c$. The different dynamical features are encoded by the kneading sequence, which is an infinite sequence over $\{ \mathtt{0} , \mathtt{1} \} $. Not every such sequence actually occurs in complex dynamics. The set of admissible kneading sequences was described by Milnor and Thurston for real quadratic polynomials, and by the authors in the complex case. We prove that the set of admissible kneading sequences has positive Bernoulli measure within the set of sequences over $\{ \mathtt{0} , \mathtt{1} \} $.
An articulated hindlimb of a basal iguanodont (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous Las Hoyas Lagerstätte (Spain)
Authors: SERRANO MERCEDES LLANDRES , VULLO ROMAIN , MARUGÁN-LOBÓN JESÚS , ORTEGA FRANCISCO , BUSCALIONI ÁNGELA D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn isolated, fully articulated hindlimb of a basal iguanodont from the Spanish Las Hoyas Lagerstätte is described. It probably belonged to a juvenile or subadult individual. Despite some slight differences, anatomical features, as well as the late Barremian age of this specimen, would suggest that it belongs toMantellisaurus atherfieldensis. The exquisite preservation of this specimen provides information on the foot anatomy of basal iguanodonts. This is the first report of a non-theropod dinosaur from Las Hoyas. From a palaeoecological point of view, this discovery indicates that potential prey of the carcharodontosaurian theropodConcavenatorwere present at Las Hoyas, thus complementing our knowledge of the trophic structure of this Early Cretaceous palaeocommunity.
Improving measurement in nutrition literacy research using Rasch modelling: examining construct validity of stage-specific ‘critical nutrition literacy’ scales
Authors: Guttersrud Øystein , Dalane Jorån Østerholt , Pettersen Sverre 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveCritical nutrition literacy (CNL), as an increasingly important area in public health nutrition, can be defined as the ability to critically analyse nutrition information, increase awareness and participate in action to address barriers to healthy eating behaviours. Far too little attention has been paid to establishing valid instruments for measuring CNL. The aim of the present study was to assess the appropriateness of utilizing the latent scales of a newly developed instrument assessing nursing students’ ‘engagement in dietary habits’ (the ‘engagement’ scale) and their level of ‘taking a critical stance towards nutrition claims and their sources’ (the ‘claims’ scale).DesignData were gathered by distributing a nineteen-item paper-and-pencil self-report questionnaire to university colleges offering nursing education. The study had a cross-sectional design using Rasch analysis. Data management and analysis were performed using the software packages RUMM2030 and SPSS version 20.SettingSchool personnel handed out the questionnaires.SubjectsFour hundred and seventy-three students at ten university colleges across Norway responded (52 % response rate).ResultsDisordered thresholds were rescored, an under-discriminating item was discarded and one item showing uniform differential item functioning was split. The assumption of item locations being differentiated by stages was strengthened. The analyses demonstrated possible dimension violations of local independence in the ‘claims’ scale data and the ‘engagement’ scale could have been better targeted.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the usefulness of Rasch analysis in assessing the psychometric properties of scales developed to measure CNL. Qualitative research designs could further improve our understanding of CNL scales.
Structural Mapping of Disordered Materials by Nanobeam Diffraction Imaging and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Lu Ping , Gauntt Bryan D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA hybrid nanobeam diffraction/imaging method, which combines well-developed diffraction imaging with nanobeam diffraction (NBD) pattern analysis, is described for structural mapping of disordered materials. Spatially resolved crystallographic information is obtained by NBD imaging by collecting NBD patterns at predefined intervals within a field of interest. The resulting dataset of NBD patterns is preprocessed to produce a spectral-imaging-like dataset and is further analyzed via multivariate statistical analysis methods in order to extract the relevant structural components and their distribution within the area of the sample under study without prior knowledge. Additional radial distribution function analysis of either the principal components or averaged data provides real-space maps of short-range order within the field of interest. This technique is demonstrated for two systems, one with multiple amorphous phases and one with multiple phases (amorphous and nanocrystalline) with similar chemistry.
Assessment of tariff equivalents for services considering the zero flows
Authors: GUILLIN AMÉLIE 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMeasuring trade barriers in services is complex due to all the non-tariff barriers that exist. In this paper we rely on quantity measures using gravity equation. In order to take into consideration the presence of zero flows in the database, we use a sample selection model. Then, we use the results of both stages of the model to derive tariff equivalents based on the distribution of the estimated residuals. Applying this methodology to the Eurostat database, we obtain tariff equivalents for a large number of countries and for 11 services sectors. Our main conclusions are that protection is not homogeneous among sectors for a country and that services openness is not directly linked with the level of development. Our results are robust to changes in specification, but we do find that OLS estimations overestimate the commercial openness of the countries with many zero flows.
A rate-distortion theory for gene regulatory networks and its application to logic gate consistency
Authors: Facchetti Giuseppe , Iacono Giovanni , De Palo Giovanna , Altafini Claudio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMotivation: A gene regulatory network in which the modes (activation/inhibition) of the transcriptional regulations are known and in which gene expression assumes boolean values can be treated as a system of linear equations over a binary field, i.e. as a constraint satisfaction problem for an information code.Results: For currently available gene networks, we show in this article that the distortion associated with the corresponding information code is much lower than expected from null models, and that it is close to (when not lower than) the Shannon bound determined by the rate-distortion theorem. This corresponds to saying that the distribution of regulatory modes is highly atypical in the networks, and that this atypicality greatly helps in avoiding contradictory transcriptional actions.Choosing a boolean formalism to represent the gene networks, we also show how to formulate criteria for the selection of gates that maximize the compatibility with the empirical information available on the transcriptional regulatory modes. Proceeding in this way, we obtain in particular that non-canalizing gates are upper-bounded by the distortion, and hence that the boolean gene networks are more canalizing than expected from null models.Contact: altafini@sissa.it.Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Local governance responses to social inclusion for older ruralVictorians: Building resources, opportunities and capabilities
Authors: Winterton Rachel , Clune Samantha , Warburton Jeni , Martin John 
Published: March 2013

AimTo explore how local governance enables access to resources, creates opportunities and increases capability for older people in rural communities to experience social inclusion.MethodTwenty‐six semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with community stakeholders across two rural communities in north‐eastVictoria. Stakeholders were drawn from local government, and a range of community groups and organisations, as identified in a scoping study.ResultsThrough the provision of community resources (e.g. physical and human infrastructure, organisational partnerships), local services and supports offer social and productive environments for participation. They also build individual resources (e.g. health, skills, finances, networks) to enable older people to participate within these environments, and provide assistance to allow older people to use individual and community resources.ConclusionsCommunity resources are integral in facilitating the development of older people's individual resources, and opportunities and capabilities for participation. These enable greater choice in participation, and contribute to the sustainability of community resources serving ageing populations.
Towards improved guidelines for drying flood‐damaged buildings
Authors: Lamond J. , Proverbs D. , Escarameia M. , Tagg A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the aftermath of flood events in the UK, the insurance and the drying and repair industry are frequently criticised for the speed with which households are able to return to their homes. Delays in restoration have been attributed to lack of guidance and the need for improved methods and processes for drying buildings. A critical appraisal of available guidance and other sources relating to drying of buildings was undertaken. The review was enhanced by targeted interviews with industry experts and was validated via a stakeholder consultation workshop. The study found that a wide range of guidance is available and that most issues surrounding the drying of buildings are well covered but some gaps were identified. The findings endorse the need for new guidance but also for research into specific technical aspects of the drying process, which will help to speed up flood restoration in the future.
Ice Pressure Measurements Using PVDF Film
Authors: Joensuu A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Piezoelectric ice pressure measuring devices have been constructed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. PVDF seems to be an appealing transducer material since it is light, thin, mechanically resistant and can be attached on surfaces with complicated geometries. Moreover, it is commercially available in large sheets. Dynamic ice pressure distribution can be monitored using various metalization patterns thus dividing the areas into many active cells. Because minimum mechanical deformation is needed for the piezoelectric phenomenon to take place, the device does not interfere with the quantity to be measured. It is believed that the material will help to shed light on the ice pressure formation process in crushing. The paper deals with full-scale experiments conducted using PVDF film on the contact surfaces of a test hammer and a cylindrical indentor, and describes the signal treatment used.
Detection of Delamination Cracks in Layered Fiber-Reinforced
Composite Plates
Authors: Karim M. R. , Kundu T. , Desai C. S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic response of delamination cracks in a layered fiber-reinforced composite plate is analytically studied. The plate is subjected to an antiplane loading and its surface response is computed in absence as well as in presence of delaminatioin cracks. To what extent the surface response is influenced by the presence of internal delamination cracks is investigated here. This study is important for nondestructive evaluation of internal damage in composites due to delamination. The problem is formulated in terms of integral equations in frequency domain. These equations are then solved by expanding the unknown crack opening displacement in a complete set of Chebychev’s polynomials, whose coefficients are solved by satisfying the traction-free condition at the crack surface. The time histories are obtained numerically by inverting the spectra via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) routine. The results show significant influence of delamination crack geometries on the surface response of the plate.
Dynamic Deformation of Orthotropic Cylinders
Authors: Cederbaum G. , Heller R. A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The theory of thick orthotropic shells is used here to analyze a cylinder subjected to dynamic loads. The formulation includes shear deformation and rotatory inertia effects similarly to the first-order, shear deformation, laminated plate theory. Dynamic line loads (along the longitudinal direction) and patch loads are considered. The time-dependent part of the load is a step pulse or a half-sine wave.
Stress Intensity Factors of Semi-Elliptical Cracks in a Tubular
Welded Joint Using Line Springs and 3D Finite Elements
Authors: Du Z.-Z. , Hancock J. W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A tubular welded T-joint containing a series of semi-elliptical cracks of increasing depth located near the chord-brace intersection, has been analyzed using shell elements with the cracks modeled by the line spring concept of Rice and Levy [1]. The same problem has also been modeled with 20-noded bricks allowing the stress intensity factors to be determined by virtual crack extension. The direction of crack growth has been determined both using off-axis virtual crack extension and solutions for kinked cracks, to determine the orientation which maximize either the strain energy release rate G or KI. The calculated crack path agrees with reported experiments [2]. Finally, the stress intensity factors for straight and curved cracks in single welded joints have been compared in terms of their effective depth.
Development and validation of a new visa questionnaire (VISA-H) for patients with proximal hamstring tendinopathy
Authors: Cacchio Angelo , De Paulis Fosco , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThere is a need for a patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire to evaluate patients with proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT).ObjectiveTo develop a PRO questionnaire based on VISA questionnaire forms for patients with PHT.MethodsItem generation, item reduction, item scaling and evaluation of the psychometric properties were used to develop a questionnaire to assess the severity of symptoms, function and ability to play sports in patients with PHT and healthy subjects. The final version, named Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Proximal Hamstring Tendons (VISA-H), consisted of eight questions that measured the domains of pain, function and sporting activity. The psychometric properties of a questionnaire were estimated in a population of non-surgical (n=20) and surgical (n=10) patients, as well as in healthy subjects (n=30).ResultsThe VISA-H questionnaire displayed a high degree of internal consistency, with a Cronbach α of 0.84. (The test–retest reliability was high for all groups of participants with an intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from 0.90 to 0.95.) The VISA-H exhibited a high correlation with the Nirschl phase rating scale (r ranging from −0.75 to −0.89) and a generic tendon grading system proposed by Curwin and Stanish (r ranging from −0.70 to −0.88). Also, the responsiveness was higher for the VISA-H questionnaire with an area under the curve of 0.90 and a minimum clinically important difference of 22 points.ConclusionsThe VISA-H is a PRO questionnaire with high psychometric properties for measuring pain, function and sporting activity in patients with PHT.
Overuse of Pap Testing Among Older Women and Women with a Hysterectomy
Authors: D Kepka , N Breen , J King , H Meissner , V Benard , K Roland , M Saraiya 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: As of 2012, leading national organizations have agreed on evidence-based recommendations for Pap testing. They recommended against Pap testing for women over age 65 years who have had adequate prior screening and are not at high risk and for women without a cervix following a hysterectomy who do not have a history of high-grade precancerous lesion or cervical cancer. Few studies have investigated overuse of Pap testing among US women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). NHIS is a nationally-representative survey of the civilian non-institutionalized population of the United States that employs a random, stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling design. The survey is conducted annually using computer-assisted in-person interviewing. It includes sections on self-reported participant demographic characteristics, health status, and use of healthcare services. In 2010, the NHIS administered a Cancer Control Supplement with questions on cervical cancer screening, hysterectomy status, and timing of hysterectomy (n = 12,320). All analyses account for the complex survey design of NHIS. Results Approximately 3/5 of women over age 65 years reported a Pap test in the past three years and nearly 2/3 of women reporting a hysterectomy also reported a recent Pap test since their hysterectomy. Adjusted proportions calculated using multivariate logistic regression models showed that among women over age 70 years, higher level of education (p &lt; .05) and no hysterectomy (p &lt; .001) were associated with receipt of a recent Pap test (received within past 3 years after age 65 years). Among women who have undergone a hysterectomy, younger age (p &lt; .001), Hispanic and Black race/ethnicity (p &lt; .001), higher income (p &lt; .001), and private healthcare coverage (p &lt; .01) were associated with receipt of a recent Pap test since hysterectomy. Conclusion: Pap testing in average-risk women over age 65 years and in women who have undergone a hysterectomy is high despite past recommendations. Now that all leading national organizations have released new guidelines in 2012, improved efforts are needed to significantly reduce overuse of Pap testing in the future.
Elevated Serum Calcium as a Biological Marker For Ovarian Cancer
Authors: HG Skinner , GG Schwartz 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: Biological markers useful for detecting ovarian cancer at early stages are urgently needed. Because a subset of ovarian cancers is associated with hypercalcemia (serum calcium greater than the normal reference range), we hypothesized that high-normal serum calcium levels might be associated with ovarian cancer in general. Methods: We examined associations between total and ionized serum calcium and ovarian cancer mortality in the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III) using Cox proportional hazard models. We then examined associations of serum calcium with incident ovarian cancer in a second prospective cohort, the NHANES Epidemiological Follow-up Study (NHEFS). Results: In NHANES III, eleven deaths from ovarian cancer occurred over 95,556 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, height, body mass index, and cigarette smoking, the risk for fatal ovarian cancer increased 52% for each 0.1 mmol/L increase in total serum calcium (RH = 1.52, 95% CI 1.06–2.19) and 144% per each 0.1 mmol/L increase in ionized serum calcium (RH = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.45–4.09). Significant associations persisted after adjustment for established ovarian cancer risk factors including nulliparity and the never use of oral contraceptives. In the NHEFS, 8 incident ovarian cancers occurred over 31,089 person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for covariates, there was a 63% increase in the risk for ovarian cancer for each 0.1 mmol/L increase in total serum calcium (95% CI 1.14–2.34). Similar results were observed for albumin-adjusted serum calcium. Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher serum calcium may be a biomarker of ovarian cancer. This is the first report of prospective positive associations between indices of calcium in serum and ovarian cancer. These findings require confirmation in other cohorts.
The Impact of Colonoscopy Screening Guidelines that Incorporate Precursors in the Serrated Pathway: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: A Burnett-Hartman , P Newcomb , D Veenstra 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: In 2012, the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on CRC published guidelines that include sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) as important new precursors to target during a screening colonoscopy. Previously, adenomas were the only polyp precursor targets of colonoscopy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for colonoscopy comparing the new guidelines to the former guidelines. Methods: We developed a Markov model for CRC that included three pathways: 1) de novo from colonic epithelium without a polyp precursor, 2) through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and 3) through an SSP precursor. Then, we simulated the effect of screening colonoscopy on CRC incidence and mortality applying the new guidelines vs. the old guidelines in a hypothetical US cohort of 100,000 adults who began screening at age 50 and ended screening at age 75. Adults progressed through the model for 50 one-year cycles until death or age 100. Costs for CRC detection and treatment were estimated from a limited societal perspective using Medicare reimbursement data. We calculated the cost per life-year (LY) gained for the new CRC screening guidelines and the old guidelines compared to no intervention. Then we compared the two sets of guidelines to one another. Preliminary Results: CRC screening via colonoscopy in this hypothetical cohort of 100,000 adults using the old guidelines prevented 4,161 new CRC cases and 1,901 deaths. Implementing the new guidelines avoided an additional 452 CRC cases and 178 deaths. The old guidelines resulted in 0.064 LY-gained and an $800 increase in costs per person compared to the natural history of CRC with no intervention, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of $12,500/LY. The new guidelines resulted in 0.068 LY-gained and a $405 increase in costs per person compared to no intervention, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of $5,956/LY. Comparing the new guidelines to the old guidelines, the difference in LY-gained was 0.004, and the difference in costs was -$395 per person. Conclusion: CRC screening that includes evaluation of SSPs may be cost-effective, and potentially cost-saving, compared to prior guidelines.
Modeling the Downwelling Longwave Radiation over a Groomed Ski Run under Clear Skies
Authors: Howard Rosie , Stull Roland 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe surface radiation budget of a groomed ski run is important to ski racing. Variables such as snow-surface temperature and liquid water content depend upon the surface radiation budget and are crucial to preparing fast skis. This case study focuses on downwelling longwave radiation, measurements of which were made at a point on a ski run on Whistler Mountain, British Columbia, Canada, throughout a 5-day clear-sky intensive observation period. Tall trees often dominate the horizon of a point on a ski run, and so contributions to total downwelling longwave radiation from trees and sky were treated separately. The “LWRAD” longwave radiative flux model estimated the total downwelling longwave radiation by first calculating thermal contributions from the trees, incorporating regressions for tree temperature that use routine meteorological measurements. Contributions from each azimuth direction were determined with horizon-elevation angles from a theodolite survey. Thermal emissions were weighted accordingly and summed. Sky contributions were estimated using the “libRadtran” radiative transfer model with input of local atmospheric profiles of temperature and humidity and were added to tree emissions. Two clear-sky emissivity parameterizations using screen-height measurements were tested for comparison. LWRAD total downwelling longwave radiation varies between 235 and 265 W m−2 and compares well to measurements, with correlation coefficient squared (r2) of 0.96. These results can be used to improve estimates of downwelling longwave radiation for a groomed ski run.