bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowd behavior detection: leveraging video swin transformer for crowd size and violence level analysis
Authors: Qaraqe Marwa , Yang Yin David , Varghese Elizabeth B , Basaran Emrah , Elzein Almiqdad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, crowd behavior detection has posed significant challenges in the realm of public safety and security, even with the advancements in surveillance technologies. The ability to perform real-time surveillance and accurately identify crowd behavior by considering factors such as crowd size and violence levels can avert potential crowd-related disasters and hazards to a considerable extent. However, most existing approaches are not viable to deal with the complexities of crowd dynamics and fail to distinguish different violence levels within crowds. Moreover, the prevailing approach to crowd behavior recognition, which solely relies on the analysis of closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage and overlooks the integration of online social media video content, leads to a primarily reactive methodology. This paper proposes a crowd behavior detection framework based on the swin transformer architecture, which leverages crowd counting maps and optical flow maps to detect crowd behavior across various sizes and violence levels. To support this framework, we created a dataset comprising videos capable of recognizing crowd behaviors based on size and violence levels sourced from CCTV camera footage and online videos. Experimental analysis conducted on benchmark datasets and our proposed dataset substantiates the superiority of our proposed approach over existing state-of-the-art methods, showcasing its ability to effectively distinguish crowd behaviors concerning size and violence level. Our method’s validation through Nvidia’s DeepStream Software Development Kit (SDK) highlights its competitive performance and potential for real-time intelligent surveillance applications.Graphical abstract
Ammonium transporter genes in millets: insights into structure, function, evolutionary conservation, divergence, and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Sarkar Tanushree , Bakshi Suman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Millets, resilient and nutritionally rich crops, are increasingly recognized for their potential in sustainable agriculture. Ammonium transporter (AMTs) gene family significantly contribute to the absorption and transport of NH4
+ form of nitrogen in plants. The information about the structure and function of ammonium transporter genes in millet species is lacking. The millet crops such as pearl millet, proso millet, finger millet, sorghum, foxtail millet and green foxtail millet exhibit genetic variation in AMTs, which can be harnessed to improve NUE. Thus, genomic sequences of the six millet species were used and a total of 53 AMT genes were identified. Further, comprehensive analysis of chromosomal distribution, transmembrane structure prediction, presence of exons and introns, domain and motif organization, phylogeny, and synteny analysis were carried out. The phylogenetic analysis illustrated that millet AMTs belong to two subfamilies AMT1 and AMT2 (AMT2/AMT3/AMT4). Ka/Ks analysis showed that segmental duplications have contributed considerably in the evolution of millet AMTs. Phylogenetic classification of members of Poaceae using the amino acid sequences of AMT1.1 genes confirms the speciation patterns shown by matK gene sequence. Promoter analysis of millet AMTs showed presence of cis-elements related to light response, anaerobic induction, growth hormones, drought stress, biotic stress and several endogenous signals related to plant growth and development. This research provides insights into the structural and functional aspects of ammonium transporter genes in millets, and will serve as a foundation for utilizing AMTs for devising NUE strategies.

Graphical abstract
Mössbauer spectroscopy in studying industrial catalysts and processes in recycling
Authors: Lázár Károly 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdvantageous properties of Mössbauer spectroscopy allow the method to be used for the examination of industrial catalysts as well. The method is confined for catalysts containing Mössbauer nuclei (57Fe and 119Sn in most practical cases), on the other side the obtained information is rather unique. Some further limitations emerge in studies for industrial catalysts with this technique in comparison to common catalyst studies, namely the extreme operating conditions, i.e. the elevated temperature and pressure. Thus the in situ conditions for studies cannot be completed easily. To circumvent this difficulty the states of catalysts prior and after the usage can be compared (ex situ conditions). Further, since real catalysts are used for long time period in the industry, their studies can be replaced by accelerated studies performed under ‘conditions relevant to real processes’. Beside catalysis, recycling and reuse of former industrial waste is also an important field for application of the method. A personal selection from reports from recent years on application of the method in representative large scale industrial processes is presented in the overview.
Forbidden Subposets in the Cycle Poset
Authors: Behnia Aysan , Fath-Tabar Gholam Hossein , Katona Gyula O. H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe cycle poset consists of the intervals of the cyclic permutation of the elements 1, 2, ..., n, ordered by inclusion. Suppose that F is a set of such intervals, none of them is a less than s others. The maximum size of F is determined under this condition. It is also shown that if the largest size of a set in this poset without containing a small subposet P is known, it solves the same problem, up to an additive constant, in the grid poset consisting of the pairs $$(i,j) (1\le i,j\le n)$$

(
i
,
j
)
(
1
≤
i
,
j
≤
n
)

and ordered coordinate-wise.
Cognitive Capacities as Functional Natural Kinds
Authors: García Claudia-Lorena , Salcedo-Gómez Mariana , Vázquez-del-Mercado Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we articulate a functional approach to cognitive capacities. It is a restricted functionalism for various reasons, but especially because it does not claim that all cognitive (and/or mental) entities and processes are functional in the sense of a systemic capacities approach. One of the central aims of a cognitive theory consists in providing explanations of behavioral phenomena of (human and non-human) animals, and of the phenomena that are involved in those explanations. We accept that part of what lies at the heart of these explanations are certain functional entities –we call them “cognitive functional systems” –which in our view stand for most of the cognitive capacities of an organism; that is, systems that are individuated primarily by the main cognitive functions they undertake. Additionally, in the paper, we go into further detail concerning these functional systems, their internal organization, the nature of their causal interactions, etc. We also argue that some of these classes of cognitive functional systems (i.e., cognitive capacities) can be construed as “natural kinds” whenever their kinds of functional organizations are understood as kinds of hierarchically ordered classes of information processing events that are related among each other in regular (often complex) ways.
Hoe een landelijke bewustwordingscampagne over drugs een goed idee kan worden
Authors: Hilbink-Smolders Mirrian , van Dongen Alex 
Published: August 2024

SamenvattingBegin dit jaar heeft de Tweede Kamer een motie aangenomen waarin werd voorgesteld om een landelijke campagne dan wel brede communicatie op te starten over de risico’s en de schadelijke gevolgen van drugsgebruik. Deze uitslag riep ophef en weerstand op vanuit het drugspreventieveld. Er is echter voldoende ervaringskennis en wetenschappelijk bewijs dat publiekscampagnes gericht op preventie en het verminderen van middelengebruik effectief kunnen zijn als onderdeel van een integraal aanbod. In dit artikel zetten wij uiteen waarom een campagne wel degelijk een goed idee kan zijn. Ook beschrijven we welke aandachtspunten en bouwstenen belangrijk zijn voor een succesvolle campagne die drugsgebruik moet ontmoedigen.
Reasons influencing the nurses’ prioritization process while preventing and managing delirium: findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Sist Luisa , Ugenti Nikita Valentina , Chiappinotto Stefania , Messina Rossella , Rucci Paola , Palese Alvisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Nurses play an important role in the prevention and management of delirium episodes. However, some studies have reported that not all interventions recommended are applied due to time and resource constraints, resulting in patients receiving less care than required because other patients and/or interventions are prioritised. The concept of prioritization is part of the broader concept of decision-making as the ability to choose between two or more alternatives to ensure patient safety. Understanding the reasons influencing the prioritization process in patients at risk or with delirium may inform interventions to prevent and/or minimise the unfinished nursing care.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons that inform the prioritisation process among nurses when they are challenged to make decisions for patients at risk and with delirium.

Methods
A descriptive qualitative study performed according to the COnsolidated criteria for Reporting guidelines, in 2021. An intentional sample of nurses working full-time with older patients in medical, geriatric, and post-acute care facilities affiliated with the National Health System was involved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and narratives thematic analysed.

Results
A total of 56 nurses (55.4% in internal medicine, 26.8% in geriatrics and 17.8% in post-acute/intermediate care) participated with an average age of 31.6 years. The reasons informing the prioritisation process while providing preventive or managerial interventions towards a patient at risk of or with delirium are set at three levels: (1) unit level, as reasons belong to the inadequacy of the ‘Environment’, the ‘Human Resources’, and the ‘Organisation and Work Processes’, (2) nurse’s level, as issues in ‘Competencies’ and ‘Attitudes’ possessed, and (3) patient level, due to the ‘Multidimensional Frailty’.

Conclusion
Nurses caring for patients at risk of and with delirium face several challenges in providing care. To prioritise preventive and managerial interventions, it is essential to implement multilevel and multifaced organizational and educational strategies.
Addressing Racial Disparities in the Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Plan for Action from the Preeclampsia Foundation’s Racial Disparities Task Force
Authors: Graves Cornelia R. , Firoz Tabassum , Smith Skylar N. , Hernandez Natalie , Haley Shaconna , Smith Kim , D’Oria Robyn , Celi Ann C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are among the leading causes of maternal mortality in the United States, with Black women and birthing people disproportionately having higher HDP-related deaths and morbidity. In 2020, the Preeclampsia Foundation formed a national Racial Disparities Task Force (RDTF) to identify key recommendations to address issues of racial disparities related to HDP. Recommendations are centered around the Foundation’s three pillars: Community, Healthcare Practice, and Research. Healthcare practices include adequate treatment of chronic hypertension in Black women and birthing people, re-branding low-dose aspirin to prenatal aspirin to facilitate uptake, and innovative models of care that especially focus on postpartum follow-up. A research agenda that examines the influence of social and structural determinants of health (ssDOH) on HDP care, access, and outcomes is essential to addressing disparities. One specific area that requires attention is the development of metrics to evaluate the quality of obstetrical care as it relates to racial disparities in Black women and birthing people with HDP. The recommendations generated by the Preeclampsia Foundation’s RDTF highlight the strategic priorities and are a call to action that requires listening to the voices and experiences of Black women and birthing people, engaging their communities, and multi-sectoral collaboration to improve healthcare practices and drive needed research.
Light–Material Interactions Using Laser and Flash Sources for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications
Authors: Park Jung Hwan , Pattipaka Srinivas , Hwang Geon-Tae , Park Minok , Woo Yu Mi , Kim Young Bin , Lee Han Eol , Jeong Chang Kyu , Zhang Tiandong , Min Yuho , Park Kwi-Il , Lee Keon Jae , Ryu Jungho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in light–material interactions (LMIs), focusing on lasers and flash lights for energy conversion and storage applications. We discuss intricate LMI parameters such as light sources, interaction time, and fluence to elucidate their importance in material processing. In addition, this study covers various light-induced photothermal and photochemical processes ranging from melting, crystallization, and ablation to doping and synthesis, which are essential for developing energy materials and devices. Finally, we present extensive energy conversion and storage applications demonstrated by LMI technologies, including energy harvesters, sensors, capacitors, and batteries. Despite the several challenges associated with LMIs, such as complex mechanisms, and high-degrees of freedom, we believe that substantial contributions and potential for the commercialization of future energy systems can be achieved by advancing optical technologies through comprehensive academic research and multidisciplinary collaborations.
Who Puts the ‘Active’ into ‘Active Learning’?
Authors: Mason John 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLearning is here considered to have taken place when someone has developed the habit, propensity, and disposition to attend productively to things not previously noticed, and in ways not previously experienced, to do with some specific and particular content. ‘Active learning’ sounds like a tautology, but was introduced as a contrast to the more passive activity of students sitting in lectures listening and transcribing mathematics written on a board or screen onto their own paper. The stance taken here is that effective and efficient learning involves active engagement in activity, but includes enculturation through being in the presence of a relative expert1 who themselves is manifesting mathematical thinking, not simply passing on the records of the results of previous mathematical thought. Such ‘passivity’ does not necessarily require intention. Following Bennett2 actions are here taken to involve three agents or impulses: initiating, responding, and reconciling or mediating. All three agents are thus active, but in different ways. Interactions intended to contribute to learning are considered to be actions, and so involve three agents: learner, teacher (in some manifestation), and mathematical content, all within a culture or ethos. Since there are six different ways in which the triple of agents can be assigned to the triple of impulses, six different modes are possible. Analysing these modes sheds light on different ways in which learning could be said to be ‘active’. Activity takes place within a mode of interaction. Again following Bennett, effective activity is here taken to require appropriate relationships among the gap between current state and intended goal, the resources available, and the tasks set.1Vygotsky (1978) pointed out that ‘higher psychological processes’ are first encountered in others.2Bennett (1993); see also Shantock Systematics Group (1975)
Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Water and Fertilizer Requirements for Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth in Sandy Soil
Authors: Emran Mohamed , El-Gamal Eman H. , Haddad Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Omar M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo foster sustainable agricultural practices, the utilization of irrigation, fertilizers, and recycled soil enhancements is essential, particularly in regions with limited resources. This investigation sought to ascertain the optimal water and fertilizer prerequisites for the cultivation of maize by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in arenosol enriched with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in a controlled pot experiment. The experimental treatments were determined using the Central Composite Design based on varying levels of irrigation (50%, 75%, and 100% of soil field capacity), nitrogen (0, 1, and 2 g pot−1), and SMS (0, 5, and 10%, v/v). The investigation's findings demonstrated that augmented irrigation and nitrogen fertilization positively influenced all agronomic traits, as well as nitrogen concentrations in the roots, shoots, and soil. SMS increased shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaf area per plant, and dissolved and total soil organic carbon. The optimal levels of irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer, and SMS to improve agronomic attributes were determined to be 81.43–97.80%, 1.38–1.69 g pot−1, and 5.77–8.48%, respectively. The optimal amounts for NPK retention in soil and plant uptake were 69.50–98.00%, 1.20–1.98 g pot−1, and 4.72–9.74%, respectively. The study concluded that irrigation and nitrogen levels had a greater impact on optimizing maize growth response than SMS. However, SMS was found to be more effective in increasing plant biomass due to its enhancement of both dissolved and total soil organic carbon. Furthermore, the interaction of irrigation and mineral nitrogen with SMS improved soil nutrient retention, plant uptake, and plant biomass productivity.
From the quantum breakdown model to the lattice gauge theory
Authors: Hu Yu-Min , Lian Biao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe one-dimensional quantum breakdown model, which features spatially asymmetric fermionic interactions simulating the electrical breakdown phenomenon, exhibits an exponential U(1) symmetry and a variety of dynamical phases including many-body localization and quantum chaos with quantum scar states. We investigate the minimal quantum breakdown model with the minimal number of on-site fermion orbitals required for the interaction and identify a large number of local conserved charges in the model. We then reveal a mapping between the minimal quantum breakdown model in certain charge sectors and a quantum link model which simulates the U(1) lattice gauge theory and show that the local conserved charges map to the gauge symmetry generators. A special charge sector of the model further maps to the PXP model, which shows quantum many-body scars. This mapping unveils the rich dynamics in different Krylov subspaces characterized by different gauge configurations in the quantum breakdown model.
Revolutionizing Personalized Health: The Frontier of Wearable Biomolecule Sensors Through 3D Printing Innovation
Authors: Rajendran Jerome , Esfandyarpour Rahim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review article delves into the innovative intersection of 3D-printed technologies and wearable chemical sensors, highlighting a forward-thinking approach to biomarker monitoring. It emphasizes the transformative role of additive manufacturing in the development of wearable devices tailored for the precise detection of chemical biomarkers, crucial for proactive disease management and health assessment. By offering a detailed exploration of how 3D printing of nanomaterials contributes to pioneering sensor designs, this review underscores the practicality of sensor wearability, ensuring comfort and efficacy for users. We address the challenges of material resilience, sensor durability, and efficient data communication, while also charting the significant trends and future directions that promise to redefine the landscape of flexible and wearable chemical sensors. Through a comprehensive analysis, this article aims to showcase the pivotal advancements and ongoing innovations in the field, emphasizing the critical impact of 3D printing on enhancing personalized healthcare and wearable diagnostics.
Graphical Abstract
Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge‐Based Flood Risk Assessment Under Combined Scenarios of High Tides and Sea‐Level Rise: A Case Study of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Zhou Ziying , Yang Saini , Hu Fuyu , Chen Bingrui , Shi Xianwu , Liu Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the context of climate change, coastal flood risk is intensifying globally, particularly in China, where intricate coastlines and frequent tropical cyclones make storm surges a major concern. Despite local government's efforts to initiate coastal monitoring networks and qualitative risk guidelines, there remains a gap in detailed and efficient quantitative assessments for combinations of multiple sea‐level components. To address this, we develop the Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge‐based Flood Risk Assessment under Combined Scenarios (TCSoS‐FRACS). This framework integrates impacts of storm surges, high tides, and sea‐level rise using a hybrid of statistical and dynamic models to balance reliability and efficiency. By combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, it incorporates economic and demographic factors for a deeper understanding of risk composition. Applying TCSoS‐FRACS to Hainan Island reveals that the combined effects of storm surges, high tides, and sea‐level rise significantly amplify local coastal flood risk, increasing economic losses to 4.27–5.90 times and affected populations to 4.96–6.23 times. Additionally, transitioning from Fossil‐fueled Development (SSP5‐8.5) to Sustainability (SSP1‐1.9) can reduce the risk increase by approximately half. The equivalence in flood hazard between current high tides and future sea level under a sustainable scenario boosts confidence in climate change adaptation efforts. However, coastal cities with low hazard but high exposure need heightened vigilance in flood defense, as future risk could escalate sharply. Our study provides new insights into coastal flood risk on Hainan Island and other regions with similar profiles, offering a transferable and efficient tool for disaster risk management and aiding in regional sustainable development.
Internal Tide Energy Transfers Induced by Mesoscale Circulation and Topography Across the North Atlantic
Authors: Bella Adrien , Lahaye Noé , Tissot Gilles 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe interactions between the internal tide and the mesoscale circulation are studied from the internal tide energy budget perspective. To that end, the modal energy budget of the internal tide is diagnosed using a high resolution numerical simulation covering the North Atlantic. Compared to the topographic contribution, the advection of the internal tide by the low‐frequency flow component and the horizontal and vertical shear are found to be significant at global scale, while the buoyancy contribution is important locally. The advection of the internal tide by the low‐frequency currents is responsible for a net energy transfer from the large scale to smaller scale internal tide, without exchanges with the low‐frequency flow. On the opposite, the shear of the mesoscale circulation and the buoyancy field are responsible for exchanges between the internal tide and the low‐frequency flow. The importance of the shear increases in the northernmost part of the domain, and a partial compensation between the buoyancy and the shear contributions is found in some areas of the North Atlantic, such as in the Gulf Stream region. In addition, the temporal variability of these energy transfers is investigated. In contrast to topographic scattering, for which the spring‐neap cycle is the dominant frequency, the energy transfer terms driven by low‐frequency motions in areas of strong mesoscale activity are also modulated by variations of the low‐frequency current spatial distribution.