bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A LIGHTFACE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENTIABILITY RANK
Authors: WESTRICK LINDA BROWN 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We examine the computable part of the differentiability hierarchy defined by
Kechris and Woodin. In that hierarchy, the rank of a differentiable function is
an ordinal less than

${\omega _1}$

which measures how complex it is to verify differentiability
for that function. We show that for each recursive ordinal

$\alpha &gt; 0$

, the set of Turing indices of

$C[0,1]$

functions that are differentiable with rank at most
α is

${{\rm{\Pi }}_{2\alpha + 1}}$

-complete. This result is expressed in the notation of Ash and
Knight.
FROM A1 TO D5: TOWARDS A FORCING-RELATED
CLASSIFICATION OF RELATIONAL STRUCTURES
Authors: KURILIĆ MILOŠ S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We investigate the partial orderings of the form P(X),⊂〉,
where X is a relational structure and P(X) the set of the domains of its
isomorphic substructures. A rough classification of countable binary structures
corresponding to the forcing-related properties of the posets of their copies is
obtained.
THE STRONG TREE PROPERTY AT SUCCESSORS OF SINGULAR
CARDINALS
Authors: FONTANELLA LAURA 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An inaccessible cardinal is strongly compact if, and only if, it satisfies the
strong tree property. We prove that if there is a model of ZFC with infinitely
many supercompact cardinals, then there is a model of ZFC where

${\aleph _{\omega + 1}}$

has the strong tree property. Moreover, we prove that every
successor of a singular limit of strongly compact cardinals has the strong tree
property.
A NEW COMPUTATION OF THE Σ-ORDINAL OF
KPω
Authors: FERREIRA FERNANDO 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We define a functional interpretation of KP
ω
using Howard’s primitive recursive tree functionals of finite
type and associated terms. We prove that the Σ-ordinal of KP
ω
is the least ordinal not given by a closed term of the ground type of the
trees (the Bachmann-Howard ordinal). We also extend KP
ω
to a second-order theory with
Δ
1-comprehension and strict-

${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$

reflection and show that the Σ-ordinal of this
theory is still the Bachmann-Howard ordinal. It is also argued that the
second-order theory is Σ1-conservative over
KPω.
MASS PROBLEMS AND INITIAL SEGMENT COMPLEXITY
Authors: HUDELSON W. M. PHILLIP 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
By the complexity of a finite sequence of 0’s and 1’s we
mean the Kolmogorov complexity, that is the length of the shortest input to a
universal recursive function which returns the given sequence as output. By
initial segment complexity of an infinite sequence of 0’s and
1’s we mean the asymptotic behavior of the complexity of its finite
initial segments. In this paper, we construct infinite sequences of
0’s and 1’s with given recursive lower bounds on initial
segment complexity which do not compute any infinite sequences of 0’s
and 1’s with a significantly larger recursive lower bound on initial
segment complexity. This improves several known results about randomness
extraction and separates many natural degrees in the lattice of Muchnik
degrees.
UNIVERSAL COMPUTABLY ENUMERABLE EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS
Authors: ANDREWS URI , LEMPP STEFFEN , MILLER JOSEPH S. , NG KENG MENG , MAURO LUCA SAN , SORBI ANDREA 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We study computably enumerable equivalence relations (ceers), under the
reducibility

$R \le S$

if there exists a computable function f such
that

$x\,R\,y$

if and only if

$f\left( x \right)\,\,S\,f\left( y \right)$

, for every

$x,y$

. We show that the degrees of ceers under the equivalence
relation generated by

$\le$

form a bounded poset that is neither a lower semilattice, nor
an upper semilattice, and its first-order theory is undecidable. We then study
the universal ceers. We show that 1) the uniformly effectively inseparable ceers
are universal, but there are effectively inseparable ceers that are not
universal; 2) a ceer R is universal if and only if

$R\prime \le R$

, where

$R\prime$

denotes the halting jump operator introduced by Gao and Gerdes
(answering an open question of Gao and Gerdes); and 3) both the index set of the
universal ceers and the index set of the uniformly effectively inseparable ceers
are

${\rm{\Sigma }}_3^0$

-complete (the former answering an open question of Gao and
Gerdes).
Study of the flying ability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using a computer-monitored flight mill
Authors: Ávalos J.A. , Martí-Campoy A. , Soto A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), native to tropical Asian regions, has become a serious threat to palm trees all over the world. Knowledge of its flight potential is vital to improving the preventive and curative measures currently used to manage this pest. As R. ferrugineus is a quarantine pest, it is difficult to study its flight potential in the field. A computer-monitored flight mill was adapted to analyse the flying ability of R. ferrugineus through the study of different flight parameters (number of flights, total distance flown, longest single flight, flight duration, and average and maximum speed) and the influence of the weevil's sex, age, and body size on these flight parameters. Despite significant differences in the adult body size (body weight and length) of males and females, the sex of R. ferrugineus adults did not have an influence on their flight potential. Neither adult body size nor age was found to affect the weevil's flying abilities, although there was a significantly higher percentage of individuals flying that were 8–23 days old than 1–7 days old. Compared to the longest single flight, 54% of the insects were classified as short-distance flyers (covering <100 m) and 36 and 10% were classified as medium- (100–5000 m) and long-distance (>5000 m), respectively. The results are compared with similar studies on different insect species under laboratory and field conditions.
Predicting resistance to stripe (yellow) rust (Puccinia striiformis)in wheat genetic resources using focused identification of germplasm strategy
Authors: BARI A. , AMRI A. , STREET K. , MACKAY M. , DE PAUW E. , SANDERS R. , NAZARI K. , HUMEID B. , KONOPKA J. , ALO F. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYStripe rust, caused byPuccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici(Pst), is a major wheat disease that can inflict yield losses of up to 70% on susceptible varieties under favourable environmental conditions. The timely identification of plant genetic resources likely to possess novel resistance to this disease would facilitate the rapid development of resistant wheat varieties. The focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS) approach was used to predict stripe rust resistance in a collection of wheat landraces conserved at ICARDA genebank. Long-term climate data for the collection sites, from which these accessions originated and stripe rust evaluation scores for one group of accessions were presented to three different non-linear models to explore the trait×collection site environment interactions. Patterns in the data detected by the models were used to predict stripe rust resistance in a second and different set of accessions. The results of the prediction were then tested against actual evaluation scores of the disease in the field. The study mimics the real scenario where requests are made to plant genetic resources curators to provide accessions that are likely to possess variation for specific traits such as disease resistance.The models used were able to identify stripe rust-resistant accessions with a high degree of accuracy. Values as high as 0·75 for area under the curve and 0·45 for Kappa statistics, which quantify the agreement between the models’ predictions and the curator's disease scores, were achieved. This demonstrates a strong environmental component in the geographic distribution of resistance genes and therefore supports the theoretical basis for FIGS. It is argued that FIGS will improve the rate of gene discovery and efficiency of mining genetic resource collections for adaptive traits by reducing the number of accessions that are normally required for evaluation to identify such variation.
Morphological and molecular analyses of larval and adult stages of Echinoparyphium recurvatum von Linstow 1873 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from central Mexico
Authors: Sereno-Uribe A.L. , Pinacho-Pinacho C.D. , Sanchéz Cordero V. , García-Varela M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn central Mexico, populations of the freshwater snail Physella cubensis were infected with metacercariae from a species of Echinoparyphium (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). In the current study, we describe both larval and adult stages of this species obtained from experimental and natural infections. A total 180 snails were collected from Patzcuaro Lake, Michoacan state in central Mexico in July 2012. In the laboratory snails were placed in individual vials and exposed to light with the aim of observing emergence of cercariae. To obtain metacercariae, uninfected snails (P. cubensis) were exposed to cercariae. Chicks were infected with metacercariae to obtain adults. Nine days post-infection, eggs were recovered and incubated in tap water at room temperature to observe miracidia. Adults obtained from natural and experimentally infected hosts possess a head collar with 45 spines in two alternating rows, confirming the identification as Echinoparyphium recurvatum von Linstow 1873. To test the conspecificity of all stages, sequences of nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA were obtained from two adult worms recovered from chicks and also a natural avian host, the shoveler duck Anas clypeata, together with five cercarial and four metacercarial isolates from nine snails. The genetic divergence estimated among the 13 isolates was very low, ranging from 0 to 0.6%. Phylogenetic analyses inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods showed that all isolates of E. recurvatum form a single clade with strong support. The presence of E. recurvatum in P. cubensis and A. clypeata from central Mexico represents new host reports, and extends the distribution range in the Americas.
Generation of super-short avalanche electron beams in SF6
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Tarasenko Victor F. , Shao Tao , Beloplotov Dmitry V. , Lomaev Mikhail I. , Sorokin Dmitry A. , Yan Ping 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this work, the generation of a super-short avalanche electron beam (SAEB) in SF6in an inhomogeneous electric field is studied on two generators with pulse rise times of 0.5 and 2 ns, respectively. The SAEB parameters in SF6are compared with those obtained in other gases (air, nitrogen, argon, and krypton). It is shown that the SAEB amplitude in SF6at pressures ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 MPa is commensurable with that in krypton and is much lower than that in air and nitrogen. It is also found that in SF6, SF6mixture with 2.5% of nitrogen, and other gases, a diffuse discharge is ignited not only at negative polarity but also at positive polarity of the electrode with small curvature radius. Furthermore, the velocity of the ionization wave front in SF6in an inhomogeneous electric field is studied. Experimental results show that the velocity of the ionization wave front in SF6is lower than that in air and nitrogen as well as such velocity decreases when the pressure increases from 0.05 to 0.3 MPa in all gases.
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus from patients with acute gastroenteritis in northwestern Spain
Authors: MANSO C. F. , ROMALDE J. L. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThe high incidence of norovirus (NoV) infections seems to be related to the emergence of new variants that evolved by genetic drift of the capsid gene. In this work, that represents a first effort to describe the molecular epidemiology of NoV in the northwest of Spain, a total of eight different NoV genotypes (GII.1, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.12, GII.13, GII.14) were detected. The major genotypes observed were GII.4 (45·42%) and GII.14 (34·9%), being detected in all age groups. In addition, and although most of GII.4 sequences belonged to 2006b (7·2%) and 2010 (50·35%) variants, the presence of new NoV variants was observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a high number of GII.4 sequences (35·24%) could be assigned to the newly emerging Sydney 2012 variant, even during late 2010. The high prevalence of NoV GII.14 observed in this study may indicate the emergence of this genotype in Spain.
Motivations for avoiding wheat consumption in Australia: results from a population survey
Authors: Golley Sinéad , Corsini Nadia , Topping David , Morell Matthew , Mohr Philip 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of and explanations for wheat avoidance, including reported symptoms, diagnoses and information sources influencing the decision to avoid wheat, and to investigate potential psychological predictors of this behaviour.DesignCross-sectional population survey.SettingThe study was conducted in Australia, using a nationwide postal omnibus survey.SubjectsAdults aged 18 years and over (n1184; 52·9 % female) selected at random from the Australian Electoral Roll.ResultsWith cases of stated and suspected coeliac disease (1·2 %) excluded, 7·3 % of the sample reported adverse physiological effects, predominantly gastrointestinal, that they associated with wheat consumption. Few among this group (5·7 %) claimed a formally diagnosed intolerance or allergy requiring avoidance of wheat-based foods. Symptomatic wheat avoidance was highly correlated with dairy avoidance and predicted by gender (female), lesser receptiveness to conventional medicine and greater receptiveness to complementary medicine, but not by neuroticism, reasoning style or tendency to worry about illness.ConclusionsThe data indicate that many adult Australians are consciously avoiding consumption of wheat foods, predominantly without any formal diagnosis. Reported symptoms suggest a physiological but not allergenic basis to this behaviour. Questions to be answered concern whether symptoms are attributed correctly to wheat, the agents (wheat components, dietary factors or additives) and physiological mechanism(s) involved, the nutritional adequacy of avoiders’ diets, and the clinical and psychosocial processes that lead a substantial number of adults to avoid consuming wheat (or any other dietary factor) apparently independently of a medical diagnosis.
Obesity – a risk factor for asthma, but not for atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and sensitization
Authors: Sybilski Adam J , Raciborski Filip , Lipiec Agnieszka , Tomaszewska Aneta , Lusawa Adam , Furmańczyk Konrad , Krzych-Fałta Edyta , Komorowski Jarosław , Samoliński Bolesław 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the relationship between obesity and overweight and the prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization, and the impact of gender and place of residence.DesignQuestionnaire based on those used in ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) and ECRHS (European Community Respiratory Health Survey).SettingOur study involved populations of the eight largest cities and one rural region in Poland (each with over 150 000 inhabitants).SubjectsThe study included 18 617 participants (24·2 % aged 6–7 years, 25·4 % aged 13–14 years, 50·4 % adults aged 20–44 years) in eight cities and one rural area. The out-patient study involved 4783 patients (25·7 %); we performed skin prick testing with fifteen aeroallergens.ResultsOverweight was found in 16·13 % of participants (9·11 % of 6–7-year-olds, 4·90 % of 13–14-year-olds and 25·61 % of adults), obesity in 6·41 % (7·16 %, 2·45 % and 8·36 %, respectively). In adults, overweight (OR=1·34) and obesity (OR=1·80) increased the prevalence of asthma, especially in women (OR=1·53, OR=2·01). Among 13–14-year-olds the prevalence was higher only in the obese (OR=1·76). Overweight (OR=1·99) and obesity (OR=2·17) affected the incidence of doctor-diagnosed asthma in 6–7-year-olds. Overweight (OR=0·81) and obesity (OR=0·76) reduced the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in men. There was no relationship between BMI and asthma in people from rural areas. Obesity and overweight did not affect the frequency of sensitization to aeroallergens.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity increased the prevalence of symptomatic asthma in adults, especially in women. In 13–14-year-olds, only obesity increased the prevalence of asthma. In children, overweight was associated with increased prevalence of clinically diagnosed and declared asthma and a trend towards atopy. Higher BMI was negatively associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in overweight and obese man. There was no correlation between BMI and sensitization to aeroallergens.
Factors associated with feelings of reward during ongoing family palliative caregiving
Authors: Henriksson Anette , Carlander Ida , Årestedt Kristofer 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:Of the few studies that have paid attention to feelings of reward in family palliative caregiving, most are retrospective and examine the experiences of bereaved family caregivers. Although feeling rewarded has been described as an influence that may facilitate the way family caregivers handle the caregiving situation, no study has sought to identify the factors associated with feelings of reward while providing ongoing family palliative care. The aim of this study, therefore, was to identify influential factors in feelings of reward experienced by family palliative caregivers.Method:Our study had a correlational cross-sectional design. Family caregivers (n = 125) of patients receiving specialized palliative care were consecutively recruited from four settings. These caregivers answered a questionnaire that included the Rewards of Caregiving Scale (RCS). This questionnaire included questions about demographic background and scales to measure preparedness for caregiving, feelings of hope, perceived health, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with rewards.Results:The results demonstrated that the more prepared caregivers with higher levels of hope felt more rewarded, while caregivers with higher levels of anxiety and those in a spousal relationship with the patient felt less rewarded by caregiving.Significance of results:It seems reasonable that feeling rewarded can be a significant contributor to the overall experience of providing ongoing palliative care. The situation of family caregivers has been shown to be multifaceted and complex, and such covariant factors as preparedness, anxiety, hope, and being in a spousal relationship with the patient to influence this experience.
Planar-defect-rich zinc oxide nanoparticles assembled on carbon nanotube films as ultraviolet emitters and photocatalysts
Authors: Zhu Yunqing , Zhang Xiaohua , Li Ru , Li Qingwen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStructural defects in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are complex and hard to be controlled during the synthesis, however, diversifying the chemical and physical performances. Here we report a rapid and low-temperature deposition method to fabricate planar-defect-rich ZnO nanoparticles on freestanding and aligned carbon nanotube films, different from common treatments which remove structural defects as many as possible. The defect energy states are very close to the valence band of ZnO and serve as recombination centers for a nearly monochromatic ultraviolet luminescence within a wavelength range of 373–376 nm. The absence of point defects, especially of oxygen vacancies whose energy level is <1 eV below the conduction band, allows photoinduced electrons and holes to take parts in possible photocatalytic reactions rather than to recombine at the shallow energy levels of planar defects.
Ectopic lipid storage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not mediated by impaired mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle
Authors: Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Irwin Andrew , Sprung Victoria S. , Jones Helen , Pugh Christopher J. A. , Daousi Christina , Adams Valerie L. , Bimson William E. , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Richardson Paul , Umpleby A. Margot , Wilding John P. , Kemp Graham J. 
Published: April 2014

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by lipid deposition within the liver [intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL)], is associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (MS). It has been suggested that impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function may contribute to ectopic lipid deposition, and the associated MS, by altering post-prandial energy storage. To test this hypothesis, we performed a cross-sectional study of 17 patients with NAFLD [mean±S.D.; age, 45±11 years; body mass index (BMI), 31.6±3.4 kg/m2] and 18 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (age, 44±11 years; BMI, 30.5±5.2 kg/m2). We determined body composition by MRI, IHCL and intramyocellular (soleus and tibialis anterior) lipids (IMCLs) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by dynamic phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) of quadriceps muscle. Although matched for BMI and total adiposity, after statistical adjustment for gender, patients with NAFLD (defined by IHCL ≥ 5.5%) had higher IHCLs (25±16% compared with 2±2%; P&lt;0.0005) and a higher prevalence of the MS (76% compared with 28%) compared with healthy controls. Despite this, the visceral fat/subcutaneous fat ratio, IMCLs and muscle mitochondrial function were similar between the NAFLD and control groups, with no significant difference in the rate constants of post-exercise phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (1.55±0.4 compared with 1.51±0.4 min−1), a measure of muscle mitochondrial function. In conclusion, impaired muscle mitochondrial function does not seem to underlie ectopic lipid deposition, or the accompanying features of the MS, in patients with NAFLD.
Reflections on the framing of ‘health equity’ in the National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework: a cause for celebration or concern?
Authors: Smith James A. 
Published: April 2014

Issue addressedThere has been a growing national and global focus on the need to address social determinants of health to better achieve equitable health outcomes. In Australia, this focus is now being embedded into state, territory and Commonwealth government health policies. In this paper I use the National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework as a case study to examine the way in which ‘health equity’ and other related terms have been framed within a current national health policy context.DiscussionUsing a critically reflective approach, I argue that primary health care and health promotion professionals need to capitalise on the inclusion of terms such as ‘action on social determinants of health’, ‘health equity’ and ‘reducing inequity’ through emerging national health policies, such as the National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework. Yet, there is also a need to proceed with caution. The way in which these terms are framed appears to deviate from the principles, values and ideologies on which they are historically based. The implications for contemporary health promotion practice in Australia are discussed.ConclusionsPrimary health care and health promotion professionals working in both policy and practice contexts are encouraged to engage in critical reflective practice when interpreting and considering the implementation requirements of national health policies that incorporate a health equity focus.So what?To build health equity in Australia, primary health care and health promotion professionals will be required to engage in the skilful reframing of current primary health care policy discourses relating to health equity during health promotion planning, implementation and evaluation processes.