bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Zeng Yu , Chourpiliadis Charilaos , Hammar Niklas , Seitz Christina , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Fang Fang , Song Huan , Wei Dang 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceIndividuals with psychiatric disorders have been reported to have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and prospective evidence is limited regarding the association between inflammatory biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk.ObjectiveTo assess the associations between inflammation biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prospective cohort study including individuals from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk (AMORIS) cohort, with no prior psychiatric diagnoses and having a measurement of at least 1 inflammatory biomarker. Data from the UK Biobank were used for validation. Longitudinal trajectories of studied biomarkers were visualized before diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in the AMORIS cohort via a nested case-control study. In addition, genetic correlation and mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to determine the genetic overlap and causality of the studied associations using publicly available GWAS summary statistics.ExposuresInflammatory biomarkers, eg, leukocytes, haptoglobin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, or albumin.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAny psychiatric disorder or specific psychiatric disorder (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders) was identified through the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Revision codes.ResultsAmong the 585 279 individuals (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [14.9] years; 306 784 male [52.4%]) in the AMORIS cohort, individuals with a higher than median level of leukocytes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.14), haptoglobin (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.12-1.14), or CRP (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04) had an elevated associated risk of any psychiatric disorders. In contrast, we found an inverse association for IgG level (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.94). The estimates were comparable for depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, specifically, and these results were largely validated in the UK Biobank (n = 485 620). Analyses of trajectories revealed that individuals with psychiatric disorders had higher levels of leukocytes and haptoglobin and a lower level of IgG than their controls up to 30 years before the diagnosis. The MR analysis suggested a possible causal relationship between leukocytes and depression.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, inflammatory biomarkers including leukocytes, haptoglobin, CRP, and IgG were associated with a subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus might be used for high-risk population identification. The possible causal link between leukocytes and depression supports the crucial role of inflammation in the development of psychiatric disorders.
Trajectories of Inflammation in Youth and Risk of Mental and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Adulthood
Authors: Palmer Edward R. , Morales-Muñoz Isabel , Perry Benjamin I. , Marwaha Steven , Warwick Ella , Rogers Jack C. , Upthegrove Rachel 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceResearch suggests that low-grade, nonresolving inflammation may predate adult mental and physical illness. However, evidence to date is largely cross-sectional or focuses on single disorder outcomes.ObjectivesTo examine trajectories of inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a large sample of children and adolescents, and to explore associations between different identified trajectories and mental and related cardiometabolic health outcomes in early adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a longitudinal cohort study using data from the large UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to explore different trajectories of inflammation, with logistic regression exploring association with mental and physical health outcomes. Participants with measurable CRP data and associated mental and cardiometabolic health outcomes recorded were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed from May 1, 2023, to March 30, 2024.ExposuresInflammation was assessed via CRP levels at ages 9, 15, and 17 years. LCGA was used to identify different trajectories of inflammation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes assessed at age 24 years included psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, hypomania, and, as a measure of insulin resistance, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) score.ResultsA total of 6556 participants (3303 [50.4%] female) were included. Three classes of inflammation were identified: persistently low CRP levels (reference class, n = 6109); persistently raised CRP levels, peaking at age 9 years (early peak, n = 197); and persistently raised CRP levels, peaking at age 17 years (late peak, n = 250). Participants in the early peak group were associated with a higher risk of psychotic disorder (odds ratio [OR], 4.60; 95% CI, 1.81-11.70; P = .008), a higher risk of severe depression (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.64-11.63; P = .02), and higher HOMA2 scores (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.62, P = .04) compared with participants with persistently low CRP. The late peak group was not associated with any outcomes at age 24 years.Conclusions and RelevanceLow-grade systemic inflammation peaking in midchildhood was associated with specific mental and cardiometabolic disorders in young adulthood. These findings suggest that low-grade persistent inflammation in early life may be an important shared common factor for mental-physical comorbidity and so could be relevant to future efforts of patient stratification and risk profiling.
TROP2 in colorectal carcinoma: associations with histopathology, molecular phenotype, and patient prognosis
Authors: Foersch Sebastian , Schmitt Maxime , Litmeyer Anne‐Sophie , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Gress Thomas , Bartsch Detlef K , Pfarr Nicole , Steiger Katja , Denkert Carsten , Jesinghaus Moritz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) directed to trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) have gained approval as a therapeutic option for advanced triple‐negative breast cancer, and TROP2 expression has been linked to unfavourable outcomes in various malignancies. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on its expression frequency and its prognostic implications in relation to the main clinicopathological parameters. We examined the expression of TROP2 in a large cohort of 1,052 CRC cases and correlated our findings with histopathological and molecular parameters, tumour stage, and patient outcomes. TROP2 was heterogeneously expressed in 214/1,052 CRCs (20.3%), with only a fraction of strongly positive tumours. TROP2 expression significantly correlated with an invasive histological phenotype (e.g. increased tumour budding/aggressive histopathological subtypes), advanced tumour stage, microsatellite stable tumours, and p53 alterations. While TROP2 expression was prognostic in univariable analyses of the overall cohort (e.g. for disease‐free survival, p < 0.001), it exhibited distinct variations among important clinicopathological subgroups (e.g. right‐ versus left‐sided CRC, microsatellite stable versus unstable CRC, Union for International Cancer Control [UICC] stages) and lost its significance in multivariable analyses that included stage and CRC histopathology. In summary, TROP2 is quite frequently expressed in CRC and associated with an aggressive histopathological phenotype and microsatellite stable tumours. Future clinical trials investigating anti‐TROP2 ADCs should acknowledge the observed intratumoural heterogeneity, given that only a subset of TROP2‐expressing CRC show strong positivity. The prognostic implications of TROP2 are complex and show substantial variations across crucial clinicopathological subgroups, thus indicating that TROP2 is a suboptimal parameter to predict patient prognosis.
Serum Arginine Level for Predicting Early Allograft Dysfunction in Liver Transplantation Recipients by Targeted Metabolomics Analysis: A Prospective, Single‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Geng Chunmei , Chen Fang , Sun Hanyong , Lin Houwen , Qian Yongbing , Zhang Jianjun , Xia Qiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarly allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a frequent phenomenon, leading to increased graft loss and higher mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Despite significant efforts for early diagnosis of EAD, there is no existing approach that can predict EAD on the first post‐operative day. The aim is to define a metabolite‐based biomarker on the first day after LT complicated with EAD. Ten patients diagnosed with EAD and 26 non‐EAD are recruited for the study. A HPLC‐MS/MS is used to determine 14 amino acids and 15 bile acids serum concentration. Comparative analyses are conducted between EAD and non‐EAD groups. Arginine is identified as the most significant metabolite distinguishing the EAD and non‐EAD groups, and therefore, is identified as a potential biomarker of EAD. The optimal cut‐off value for arginine is 52.09 µmol L−1, with an AUROC of 0.804 (95% confidence interval: 0.638–0.917, p < 0.001), yielding a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 53.8%, and Youden index of 0.54, NPVof 100%, and PPV of 45.45%. In summary, the study indicated that targeted metabolomics analysis would be a promising strategy for discovering novel biomarkers to predict EAD. The identified arginine may be helpful in developing an objective diagnostic method for EAD.
Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Processed with Green Solvents Enabling a Wide Antisolvent Time Window
Authors: Guo Yuhang , Tang Zixun , Li Zexu , Wang Qian , Fu Yingying , Xie Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreen solvent processing of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is a necessity for their future commercialization. However, the almost insoluble nature of perovskites in most green solvents strongly impedes the progress of green solvent‐processed PeLEDs. Here, a novel green solvent triethylene glycol (TEG) is used as the processing solvent for perovskites. TEG has better solubility for perovskite precursors than most reported green solvents. Moreover, it is found that the low vapor pressure of TEG solvent and stable precursor solution render a much wider time window for the so‐called antisolvent treatment than that of perovskite precursor solution in commonly dimethyl sulfoxide. High‐quality perovskite film can be readily synthesized with the antisolvent treatment at a time window of 70–100 s, and the resultant green PeLEDs demonstrate nearly identical light‐emitting efficiencies. Together with further interface modification, the optimized green PeLEDs processed with TEG exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 20.4% and a maximal luminance over 38000 cd m−2. It is the first successful attempt to fabricate high‐efficiency PeLEDs utilizing green solvent and is enlightening for the development of high‐performance PeLEDs prepared with eco‐friendly solvents.
Calcium Phosphates: A Key to Next‐Generation In Vitro Bone Modeling
Authors: Pandit Ashish , Indurkar Abhishek , Locs Janis , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Loca Dagnija 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe replication of bone physiology under laboratory conditions is a prime target behind the development of in vitro bone models. The model should be robust enough to elicit an unbiased response when stimulated experimentally, giving reproducible outcomes. In vitro bone tissue generation majorly requires the availability of cellular components, the presence of factors promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation, efficient nutrient supply, and a supporting matrix for the cells to anchor – gaining predefined topology. Calcium phosphates (CaP) are difficult to ignore while considering the above requirements of a bone model. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of CaP in developing an in vitro bone model addressing the prerequisites of bone tissue generation. Special emphasis is given to the physico‐chemical properties of CaP that promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis and provide sufficient mechanical strength for load‐bearing applications. Finally, the future course of action is discussed to ensure efficient utilization of CaP in the in vitro bone model development field.
Activated Co in Thiospinel Boosting Li2CO3 Decomposition in Li−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Chen Yanli , Li Junfeng , Lu Bingyi , Liu Yingqi , Mao Rui , Song Yanze , Li Hongtai , Yu Xinqian , Gao Yongzheng , Peng Qiong , Qi Xiaosi , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCatalytic reactions mainly depend on the adsorption properties of reactants on the catalyst, which provides a perspective for the design of reversible lithium−carbon dioxide (Li−CO2) batteries including CO2 reduction (CO2RR) and CO2 evolution (CO2ER) reactions. However, due to the complex reaction process, the relationship between the adsorption configuration and CO2RR/CO2ER catalytic activity is still unclear in Li─CO2 batteries. Herein, taking Co3S4 as a model system, nickel (Ni substitution in the tetrahedral site to activate cobalt (Co) atom for forming multiatom catalytic domains in NiCo2S4 is utilized. Benefiting from the special geometric and electronic structures, NiCo2S4 exhibits an optimized adsorption configuration of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), promoting its effective activation and decomposition. As a result, the Li−CO2 batteries with NiCo2S4 cathode exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance in terms of low potential gap of 0.42 V and high energy efficiency of 88.7%. This work provides a unique perspective for the development of highly efficient catalysts in Li−CO2 batteries.
Delivery Systems Developed for Treatment Combinations to Improve Adoptive Cell Therapy
Authors: Xu Fengfei , Ni Qiankun , Gong Ningqiang , Xia Bozhang , Zhang Jinchao , Guo Weisheng , Hu Zhongbo , Li Jinghong , Liang Xing‐Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown great success in the clinic for treating hematologic malignancies. However, solid tumor treatment with ACT monotherapy is still challenging, owing to insufficient expansion and rapid exhaustion of adoptive cells, tumor antigen downregulation/loss, and dense tumor extracellular matrix. Delivery strategies for combination cell therapy have great potential to overcome these hurdles. The delivery of vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, chemotherapeutics, and photothermal reagents in combination with adoptive cells, have been shown to improve the expansion/activation, decrease exhaustion, and promote the penetration of adoptive cells in solid tumors. Moreover, the delivery of nucleic acids to engineer immune cells directly in vivo holds promise to overcome many of the hurdles associated with the complex ex vivo cell engineering strategies. Here, these research advance, as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating delivery technologies into cell therapy s are discussed, and the outlook for these emerging areas are criticlly analyzed.
Exploring Naturally Tailored Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Selective Bacteriostatic Implant Coatings
Authors: Zhou Zilin , Sun Lizhong , Tu Yuanyuan , Yang Yingming , Hou Ailin , Li Jiyao , Luo Jun , Cheng Lei , Li Jianshu , Liang Kunneng , Yang Jiaojiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn treating infectious diseases, achieving selective bacterial inhibition is crucial for preserving the microecological equilibrium. The current approaches predominantly rely on synthetic materials tailored to specific bacteria, considering their cell walls or oxygen requirements. Herein, inspired by intricate bacterial communication, a natural implant is proposed coating utilizing bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), essential components in bacterial signaling, integrated onto diverse implant surfaces through a universal poly (tannic acid) bridging layer. This coating is homogenous and stable, unexpectedly promoting the proliferation of parental bacteria while inhibiting heterologous bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Through high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the selective bacteriostatic ability arises from OMVs, upregulating anti‐oxidative stress genes in heterologous bacteria and activating biofilm‐related genes in parental bacteria. This study positions OMVs as an appealing biomaterial for selective bacterial inhibition through a biological approach, showcasing their potential in regulating the microecological balance through a natural interface modification strategy.
Long‐term effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine on cognitive decline, cardiovascular events, and mortality in dementia with Lewy bodies: An up to 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Xu Hong , Habich Annegret , Ferreira Daniel , Elisabet Londos , Westman Eric , Eriksdotter Maria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe aimed to assess the impact of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine on cognition, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).METHODSA total of 1,095 incident DLB patients from the Swedish Registry on cognitive/dementia disorders were included. Using an inverse probability of treatment weighting, the effect of initiating ChEI or memantine within 90 days of DLB diagnosis and nonuse was evaluated on cognitive trajectories and risks of MACE and death.RESULTSThe use of ChEIs significantly slowed cognitive decline at follow‐ups (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] ‐0.39 points/y; 95% confidence interval [CI], ‐0.96 to 0.18) compared to memantine (‐2.49 points/y; ‐4.02 to ‐0.97) and nonuse (‐2.50 points/y; ‐4.28 to ‐0.73). Treatment groups did not differ in MACE events. ChEI use was associated with lower risk of death in the first year after DLB diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.46, 0.94).DISCUSSIONOur findings illuminate the potential benefits of ChEI treatment in DLB patients.Highlights
Cholinesterase inhibitors slow cognitive decline over a 5‐year follow‐up period when compared to both memantine treatment and nonuse in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors reduce risk of mortality within the initial year, but this effect is not sustained after 1 year in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies.
The Conformal Image of the Electron
Authors: Lin De‐Hone 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe construction of a transformation image is pivotal to the transformation design method for steering waves around an object. Constructing the conformal images of an electron, however, remains a challenge, primarily due to the complexities involved in realizing the spin structure within the image space. This study proposes a novel solution in this regard of the electron's spin structure on a surface, leveraging on the interactions between the electron and a vector potential. By introducing a scalar potential to facilitate the generation of a conformal metric structure and differential operator in the Dirac equation, it is demonstrated that the conformal image of the electron can indeed be constructed within an appropriate electromagnetic field. Furthermore, an equivalence between the geometric effect of a conformal deformation on the electron and the action of an electromagnetic force is established. Electromagnetic fields are used to generate form‐invariant conformal images of the electron within a plane and on a sphere. These examples help showcase the effectiveness of the currently presented method in realizing the conformal images of the electron in various settings.
Highly Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence from Doped Crystals
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Zhu Tianwen , Li Anze , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yuan Wang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganic red/near‐infrared (NIR) room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with low toxicity and facile synthesis are highly sought after, particularly for applications in biotechnology and encryption. However, achieving efficient red/NIR RTP emitters has been challenging due to the weak spin‐orbit coupling of organics and the rapid nonradiative decay imposed by the energy gap law. Here we demonstrate highly efficient red/NIR RTP with boosted quantum yields (Φps) of up to 32.96 % through doping the thionated derivatives of phthalimide (PAI) (MTPAI and DTPAI) into PAI crystals. The red‐shifted photoluminescence (PL) stems from a combination of the external heavy atom effect and the formation of emissive clusters centered around electron‐rich sulfur atoms. Furthermore, the dopants enhance exciton generation efficiency and facilitate energy transfer from smaller PAI units to larger aggregates, leading to dramatically increased Φp. This strategy proves universal, opening possibilities for acquiring long‐wavelength RTP with tunable photophysical properties. The doped crystals exhibit promising applications in optical waveguides and encryption paper/ink. This research provides a practical approach to obtaining long‐wavelength RTP materials and offers valuable insights into the mechanisms governing host‐guest systems.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Functionalization and Annulation of N‐Aryl Phthalazinediones with Allyl Alcohols
Authors: Naharwal Sushma , Dinkar Kharat Narendra , Bajaj Kiran , Panda Siva S , Sakhuja Rajeev 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA direct ortho‐Csp2‐H acylalkylation of 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones with unsubstituted and substituted allyl alcohols is achieved in high yields through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation process. The additional employment of Cu(OAc)2⋅2H2O as an oxidant detour the reaction towards [4+1] annulation, producing 13‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐13H‐indazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐6,11‐diones in moderate yields. Interestingly, Lawesson's reagent‐mediated conditions accomplished intramolecular cyclization in ortho‐(formylalkylated)‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones to produce diazepino[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐diones in moderate yields. Furthermore, allyl alcohol showcased distinct reactivity in presence of different additives to produce ortho‐allylated, oxidative and non‐oxidative [4+2] annulated products.
Uncovering the material basis and mechanism of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablet against functional dyspepsia using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and network pharmacology
Authors: Cheng Xiaoxu , Zhang Wanqiao , Huang Chaodong , Hu Pei , Li Hongchang , Li Yiguang , Xiong Yanxia , Liu Wenjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive disease. Jianwei Xiaoshi (JWXS) tablet is composed of Radix Pseudostellariae (TZS), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (CP), Rhizoma Dioscoreae (SY), fired Hordei Fructus Germinatus (CMY) and Crataegi Fructus (SZ). It is a commonly used drug in the treatment of FD in China and has good therapeutic effects. However, there is very little research about the substance basis and action mechanism of JWXS tablet. In this research, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) and network pharmacology were used to explore the substance basis and action mechanism of the JWXS tablet. Finally, 19, 79, 22, 22 and 39 constituents were identified in the extracts of TZS, CP, SY, CMY and SZ, respectively. Based on these findings, a total of 104 ingredients were identified in JWXS tablet and 29 potentially absorbed ingredients were detected in rat plasma. The results of network pharmacology indicated that the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, inflammation and immune response were the key approaches for treating FD with JWXS tablet. The material basis and potential action mechanism of JWXS tablet in treating FD were comprehensively clarified for the first time. This study will improve our understanding of JWXS tablet.