bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Sensitivity of Laboratory Diagnostic Methods from a Well-Characterized Outbreak of Mumps in New York City in 2009
Authors: Rota Jennifer S. , Rosen Jennifer B. , Doll Margaret K. , McNall Rebecca J. , McGrew Marcia , Williams Nobia , Lopareva Elena N. , Barskey Albert E. , Punsalang Amado , Rota Paul A. , Oleszko William R. , Hickman Carole J. , Zimmerman Christopher M. , Bellini William J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA mumps outbreak in upstate New York in 2009 at a summer camp for Orthodox Jewish boys spread into Orthodox Jewish communities in the Northeast, including New York City. The availability of epidemiologic information, including vaccination records and parotitis onset dates, allowed an enhanced analysis of laboratory methods for mumps testing. Serum and buccal swab samples were collected from 296 confirmed cases with onsets from September through December 2009. All samples were tested using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) capture IgM enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) that targets the short hydrophobic gene. A subset of the samples (n= 205) was used to evaluate 3 commercial mumps IgM assays and to assess the sensitivity of using an alternative target gene (nucleoprotein) in the rRT-PCR protocol. Among 115 cases of mumps with 2 documented doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, the CDC capture IgM EIA detected IgM in 51% of serum samples compared to 9% to 24% using three commercial IgM assays. The rRT-PCR that targeted the nucleoprotein gene increased RNA detection by 14% compared to that obtained with the original protocol. The ability to detect IgM improved when serum was collected 3 days or more after symptom onset, whereas sensitivity of RNA detection by rRT-PCR declined when buccal swabs were collected later than 2 days after onset. Selection of testing methods and timing of sample collection are important factors in the ability to confirm infection among vaccinated persons. These results reinforce the need to use virus detection assays in addition to serologic tests.
High Rates of Detection of Respiratory Viruses in the Nasal Washes and Mucosae of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Cho Gye Song , Moon Byung-Jae , Lee Bong-Jae , Gong Chang-Hoon , Kim Nam Hee , Kim You-Sun , Kim Hun Sik , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Respiratory viral infections are often implicated as triggers of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) flare-ups. However, there is a paucity of respiratory viral surveillance studies in CRS patients, and such studies could elucidate the potential role of viruses in promoting symptoms and aggravating mucosal inflammation. Therefore, a prospective case-control study was conducted to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses in CRS patients and non-CRS controls. Nasal lavage fluids and turbinate epithelial cells were collected prospectively from 111 CRS patients and 50 controls. Multiplex PCR was used to identify common respiratory viruses in both sample types and the infection rate was compared between groups. Respiratory viruses were detected in 50.5% of lavage samples and in 64.0% of scraping samples from CRS patients. The overall infection rate was significantly different in CRS patients and controls (odds ratio, 2.9 in lavage and 4.1 in scraping samples). Multiple viral infections were detected more frequently in lavage samples from CRS patients than those from controls (
P
< 0.01; odds ratio, 7.7). Rhinovirus was the most prevalent virus and the only virus with a significantly different infection rate in CRS patients and controls in both samples (odds ratio, 3.2 in lavage and 3.4 in scraping samples). This study detected a higher prevalence of respiratory viruses in CRS patients than controls, suggesting that there may be significant associations between inflammation of CRS and respiratory viruses, particularly rhinovirus. Further studies should investigate the exact role of highly prevalent respiratory viruses in CRS patients during symptomatic aggravation and ongoing mucosal inflammation.
Protection Afforded by an HIV Vaccine Candidate in Macaques Depends on the Dose of SIVmac251at Challenge Exposure
Authors: Vaccari Monica , Keele Brandon F. , Bosinger Steven E. , Doster Melvin N. , Ma Zhong-Min , Pollara Justin , Hryniewicz Anna , Ferrari Guido , Guan Yongjun , Forthal Donald N. , Venzon David , Fenizia Claudio , Morgan Tia , Montefiori David , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Miller Chris J. , Silvestri Guido , Rosati Margherita , Felber Barbara K. , Pavlakis George N. , Tartaglia James , Franchini Genoveffa 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe used the simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 (SIVmac251) macaque model to study the effect of the dose of mucosal exposure on vaccine efficacy. We immunized macaques with a DNA prime followed by SIV gp120 protein immunization with ALVAC-SIV and gp120 in alum, and we challenged them with SIVmac251at either a single high dose or at two repeated low-dose exposures to a 10-fold-lower dose. Infection was neither prevented nor modified following a single high-dose challenge of the immunized macaques. However, two exposures to a 10-fold-lower dose resulted in protection from SIVmac251acquisition in 3 out of 12 macaques. The remaining animals that were infected had a modulated pathogenesis, significant downregulation of interferon responsive genes, and upregulation of genes involved in B- and T-cell responses. Thus, the choice of the experimental model greatly influences the vaccine efficacy of vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
The Importance of Intergenic Recombination in Norovirus GII.3 Evolution
Authors: Mahar Jackie E. , Bok Karin , Green Kim Y. , Kirkwood Carl D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTNorovirus genotype II.3 (GII.3) strains are a major cause of sporadic gastroenteritis. Intergenic recombination between the capsid and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes is common and results in the acquisition of an alternative RdRp genotype. This study aimed to explore the evolution of the GII.3 capsid gene, focusing on the influence of intergenic recombination. The capsid genes from six GII.3 norovirus strains, collected from Australian children between 2001 and 2010, were sequenced and aligned with 66 GII.3 capsid sequences from GenBank, spanning 1975 to 2010. The GII.3 capsid gene evolved at a rate of 4.16 × 10−3to 6.97 × 10−3nucleotide substitutions/site/year from 1975 to 2010 and clustered into five temporally sequential lineages. Clustering of the GII.3 capsid gene sequences was associated with intergenic recombination and switches between RdRp genotypes GII.3, GII.a, GII.b, GII.12, and an undefined ancestral RdRp. Comparison of the substitution rate of the GII.3 and GII.b RdRps suggested that RdRp switching allows a higher evolutionary rate, leading to increased genetic diversity and adaptability. Alignment of GII.3 capsid sequences revealed 36 lineage-specific conserved amino acid substitutions, four of which were under positive selection. Many conserved substitutions were within predicted antibody binding regions and close to host attachment factor binding sites. In conclusion, evolution of GII.3 noroviruses was primarily driven by intergenic recombination. The acquisition of new RdRps may lead to a faster mutation rate and increased genetic diversity, improving overall GII.3 fitness.
Promoting Changes in Diet and Physical Activity in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Settings: An Unexplored Opportunity for Endorsing Healthy Behaviors
Authors: Anderson Annie S. , Mackison Dionne , Boath Callum , Steele Robert 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The importance of diet, physical activity, and weight management in breast and colorectal cancer prevention is widely recognized. While there may be many “teachable moments” that could be used to assess and initiate changes in these behaviors by health professionals (to complement public health campaigns), there is little evidence that lifestyle is discussed within cancer screening settings. The lack of advocacy about lifestyle in these settings may endorse poor health behaviors, in particular the absence of guidance to visibly obese patients. To fully use the teachable moment, patients need to be aware of the relationship between diet and physical activity and the risk of cancer and to be able to relate guidance to personal behaviors. Results from cardiovascular and diabetes prevention programs provide evidence about the components of effective behavior change programs which could be used in the screening setting. Findings from interventions initiated in the colorectal cancer screening setting suggest that such programs can be delivered but it is not clear how acceptable these are in routine health services. Effective interventions delivered in this setting also offer an important opportunity to contribute to the reduction of the overall burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 165–72. ©2013 AACR.
Un connaisseur méconnu du ius romanum : Euzôïos d’Antioche, rédacteur du premier corpus canonique de l’Église
Authors: Mardirossian Aram 
Published: January 2013

Résumé
Auteur présumé de la Collection canonique d’Antioche, l’évêque homéen Euzôïos d’Antioche (360-376) n’était pas seulement un grand canoniste ; son savoir juridique s’étendait aussi au droit romain. Les Canons apostoliques—qui clôturent la vaste compilation intitulée Constitutions apostoliques dont Euzôïos était également le rédacteur—s’inspirent par deux fois de la procédure extraordinaire impériale, et plus précisément de la procédure par défaut. Cette dernière sera ensuite employée lors des divers procès qui jalonneront la querelle chalcédonienne, mais c’est Euzôïos qui le premier avait esquissé un rapprochement entre le kanon et le ius romanum, près de huit siècles avant que ne se réalise en Occident la synthèse entre ces deux catégories de normes qui donnera à l’Europe son « droit commun ».
Revision of North American Aleiodes (Part 9): the pallidator (Thunberg) species-group with description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Rogadinae)
Authors: SHAW SCOTT R. , MARSH PAUL M. , TALLUTO MIRANDA A. 
Published: January 2013

The Aleiodes pallidator species-group is defined, and an identification key is provided for the five species known to occur in the U.S.A. and Canada. Two new species are described: Aleiodes martini Shaw and Marsh, from Florida, and A. xanthoclypeus Shaw and Marsh, known from Canada and Wisconsin, and reared from Lymantriidae species including Dasychira plagiata (Walker) and Olene grisefacta (a new host record for the genus Aleiodes). Five species are illustrated, and their host associations are summarized.
Magadacerina, a new genus of Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) from Madagascar
Authors: MALM TOBIAS , JOHANSON KJELL ARNE 
Published: January 2013

Magadacerina forcipata, new genus, new species (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), is described from Madagascar. The monotypic genus is characterised by having the tibial spur formula 2,2,2; wings with sessile bifurcation of M; genitalia with preanal appendages fused with segment IX and greatly produced posterad, and a tergum X with an anteriorly extended ventral base articulating with a sclerotised spine-like process of the phallic shield. The new genus is most closely related to Blyzophilus in the tribe Blyzophilini.
Injury Patterns at a Large Western United States Ski Resort With and Without Snowboarders
Authors: Rust David A. , Gilmore C. Jan , Treme Gehron 
Published: January 2013

Background: Differences in injury patterns among alpine skiers and snowboarders have previously been recognized, and controversy remains about the safety implications that snowboarding may pose to a ski resort. A change of policy at Taos Ski Valley provides a unique and modern perspective on the effect that snowboarders have on ski resort injuries. Hypothesis: The addition of snowboarders to a large ski resort may result in a significant change in both the rate and pattern of injuries treated. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Patient records from the Mogul Medical Clinic at Taos Ski Valley were reviewed from the 2006-2007 ski season through the 2009-2010 season (approximately 2 years before and after snowboarding was allowed) and recorded for age, sex, diagnosis, body region, anatomic location, injury type, and sport (skiing, snowboarding). The total numbers of mountain visits for the time periods with and without snowboarding were used to determine injury rates. Results: The overall rate of persons injured increased from 206.7 per 100,000 mountain visits without snowboarders to 233.8 with snowboarders. The relative risk ratio was 1.131, also represented as a 13.1% increased risk of injury (IRI) (statistically significant; 95% CI, 3.5%-23.6%). Increases were seen in the rate of upper extremity injuries (IRI, 39.1%; 95% CI, 14.3-69.4) and head/neck injuries (IRI 30.8%; not significant), while lower extremity and trunk/pelvis injuries remained relatively constant. Distal radius fractures, closed head injuries, and acromioclavicular separations showed statistically significant increases with the addition of snowboarding. The most frequent injuries among snowboarders were distal radius fractures, wrist sprains, closed head injuries, and acromioclavicular separations. The most frequent injuries among skiers were anterior cruciate ligament tears, knee sprains, closed head injuries, and gastrocnemius tears. The median age of injured persons decreased from 39 years (range, 4-100 years) without snowboarders to 31 years (range, 4-99 years) with snowboarders, and this was significant. Approximately 45% of injured persons were female, and this did not change with the addition of snowboarders. Conclusion: In this study, there was a small but statistically significant increase in the likelihood of injury with the addition of snowboarding to a large ski resort. It is likely that factors such as younger demographic, elevated risk-taking behavior, or increased mountain crowding are involved. The difference in injuries is largely because of a significant increase in distal radius fractures, closed head injuries, and acromioclavicular separations. On mountain safety precautions such as widening of runs and streamlining of high traffic areas, training medical providers to recognize and treat sport-specific injuries, and promoting the use of wrist guards and helmets may be useful in reducing the effect that snowboarders have on ski resort injuries.
Comparative studies on melt processable polyimides derived from 2,3,3′,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride and 2,3,3′,4′-thioetherdiphthalic anhydride
Authors: Zeng Hongling , Pei Xueliang , Chen Guofei , Cao Lujie , Chen Liang , Fang Xingzhong 
Published: January 2013

Two thermoplastic polyimides were controllably synthesized with similar molecular weight from 2,3,3′,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (3,4′-ODPA) or 2,3,3′,4′-thioetherdiphthalic anhydride (3,4′-TDPA) with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) by a one-step method of m-cresol. The solubility and mechanical properties of these polymers were investigated for comparison. The thermal and melt processable properties of these polymers were examined carefully by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheometer and melt index, and so on. It was found that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of 3,4′-TDPA/ODA was about 15°C lower than that of 3,4′-ODPA/ODA, the melt indices of 3,4′-TDPA/ODA at different temperatures were higher than those of 3,4′-ODPA/ODA, while the minimum melt viscosity of 3,4′-TDPA/ODA was lower than those of 3,4′-ODPA/ODA. Furthermore, TGA results showed that 3,4′-TDPA/ODA had different degradation mechanism in air compared with 3,4′-ODPA/ODA. The long-term thermooxidative stability results showed that 3,4′-TDPA/ODA had better thermal oxidative stability than 3,4′-ODPA/ODA at 410°C for 6 h in air, which could be associated with the results of apparent activation energy ( Ea) of polymers calculated by TGA dynamics. The natural bond orbital charge of ethero atoms (S or O), and energy gap of the corresponding model compounds were also obtained by computational simulation to correlate with polymer properties.
Antithrombotic Medication Use and Bleeding Risk in Medically Ill Patients After Hospitalization
Authors: Mahan Charles E. , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Fisher Maxine D. , Fields Larry E. , Mills Roger M. , Stephenson Judith J. , Fu An-Chen , Klaskala Winslow 
Published: January 2013

Background: Hospitalized medically ill patients receiving antithrombotic medications experience increased risk of bleeding. We examined antithrombotic use, bleeding rates, and associated risk factors at 30 days post discharge. Methods: This retrospective database analysis included nonsurgical patients aged ≥40 years hospitalized for ≥2 days during 2005 to 2009. Previously cited, validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for major bleeding were used to define clinically relevant bleeding. Results: Of the 327,578 patients, 9.1% received antithrombotic medications, of which 3.7% were anticoagulants. Rates of major and minor bleeding were 1.8% and 7.1%, respectively. Preindex gastroduodenal ulcer, thromboembolic stroke, blood dyscrasias, liver disease, and rehospitalization were the strongest predictors of major bleeding. Other risk factors included increasing age, male gender, and hospital stay of ≥3 days. Conclusions: Careful consideration of these demonstrated bleed-associated comorbidities before initiating anticoagulation or combining antithrombotic medications in medically ill patients may improve strategies for prevention of postdischarge thromboembolism.
Rare MEFV variants are not associated with risk to develop multiple sclerosis and severity of disease
Authors: Pauwels Ine , Cosemans Leentje , Boonen Steven , Dubois Bénédicte , Goris An 
Published: January 2013

Background: Recent studies suggest an association between rare variants in Mediterranean fever (MEFV), the gene underlying the auto-inflammatory disorder Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), the risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and severity of MS. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate these findings in a Belgian MS population and to test for association with additional clinical parameters such as treatment response. Methods: MEFV was sequenced in a cohort of MS patients ( N=94) suffering from auto-inflammatory symptoms, systemic side-effects upon interferon-beta (IFN-β) treatment, or patients in whom glatiramer acetate was started as first choice due to severe fatigue. Five rare non-synonymous variants were detected in this cohort and subsequently genotyped in 915 MS patients and 763 healthy controls. Results: We observed no association between these alleles and susceptibility to MS ( p-value=0.99) or disease severity ( p-value=0.78). However, we did observe a correlation between carrying an MEFV variant and the development of systemic side-effects upon IFN-β treatment ( p-value=0.022). Conclusion: In contrast to recent smaller studies, we did not find an association between carrying a rare variant in the MEFV gene and the risk to develop MS or disease severity. However, carrying rare variants in MEFV was associated with the development of severe systemic side-effects upon IFN-β treatment.
Recruiting a special sample with sparse resources: Lessons from a study of Gulf War veterans
Authors: Erickson Laura C , Ritchie Janis B , Javors Jennifer M , Golomb Beatrice A 
Published: January 2013

Background Recruitment is the most common failure point for clinical studies, with recruitment failure adversely affecting science, dollar costs, human capital, and the ethical risk–benefit trade-off to study participants. Added problems attend recruitment of special and/or challenging candidate populations, particularly in settings of sparse recruitment resources. Obstacles to study recruitment and participation of ill Gulf War veterans (GWVs) include health barriers, work and family obligations, mistrust of the medical/scientific community, and challenges to identifying/reaching potential participants. Purpose We sought to identify and implement a minimal-cost multipronged recruitment approach for a small single-site (<50 participants) study of a special group, ill GWVs, with approaches substantially applicable to other recruitment settings and larger multisite studies. Methods Categories of recruitment approach included directed as well as general media, collaborations with support groups/interest groups, local free advertising resources (Craigslist and Backpage), physician outreach, Internet-based approaches, and referrals from study participants and screenees. We describe the subcategories and yield of each approach within each approach. Results Each approach contributed candidates to the final recruitment tally, with the largest fractional contribution by directed media (52%). Among the remainder, no other individual approach was clearly dominant (largest contribution: 13%). Limitations Special population subsamples present special challenges; all approaches cited may not be useful in all settings and subpopulations. Conclusions A multipronged suite of minimal-cost approaches led to successful recruitment to target for this single-site clinical trial for a special population with significant recruitment challenges. It additionally yielded a nation-wide corpus of several hundred individuals interested in participation in future studies of GWVs. While certain approaches produced disproportionate yield, it was not possible to predict these a priori. We suggest that this model, which incorporates a suite of approaches, and delineates backup approaches in the event of recruitment shortfall, may provide a template applicable to recruitment of other special samples in settings of limited resources and also is germane to cost-effective recruitment in studies more generally.
Targeting the LYN/HS1 signaling axis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: ten Hacken Elisa , Scielzo Cristina , Bertilaccio Maria T. S. , Scarfò Lydia , Apollonio Benedetta , Barbaglio Federica , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Ponzoni Maurilio , Ghia Paolo , Caligaris-Cappio Federico 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
HS1 protein activation is differentially regulated by LYN kinase in CLL subsets. Dasatinib targets cytoskeletal activity, BCR signaling and survival of a sizable portion of patients with activated LYN/HS1.
NK cell responses to cytomegalovirus infection lead to stable imprints in the human KIR repertoire and involve activating KIRs
Authors: Béziat Vivien , Liu Lisa L. , Malmberg Jenny-Ann , Ivarsson Martin A. , Sohlberg Ebba , Björklund Andreas T. , Retière Christelle , Sverremark-Ekström Eva , Traherne James , Ljungman Per , Schaffer Marie , Price David A. , Trowsdale John , Michaëlsson Jakob , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Malmberg Karl-Johan 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Clonal-like expansion of NK cells in response to CMV infection causes stable imprints in the human KIR repertoire. Education by inhibitory KIRs promotes the expansion of NK cells, causing repertoire skewing and a bias for self-specific inhibitory KIRs.