bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-national variations in the scale of informal employment
Authors: Williams Colin C 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate critically the competing explanations for the cross-national variations in the scale of informal employment which variously correlate higher levels of informal employment with economic under-development (“modernization” theory), corruption, higher taxes and state interference (“neo-liberal” theory) and inadequate state intervention to protect workers from poverty (“structuralist” theory).Design/methodology/approach– To do this, data on the prevalence of informal employment collected by the International Labour Organisation using a common survey method across 41 less developed economies are analysed and compared using bivariate regressions with World Bank development indicators.Findings– Some 34.4 per cent of the non-agricultural workforce is in informal employment across these 41 countries, with the share in informal employment ranging from 83.6 per cent in India to 6.1 per cent in Serbia. Evaluating critically the competing explanations, a call is made for a synthesis of the modernisation and structuralist theoretical perspectives in a new “neo-modernisation” theory that tentatively associates higher levels of informal employment with economic under-development, smaller government and inadequate state intervention to protect workers from poverty.Research limitations/implications– Based on 41 cases, a multivariate regression analysis was not possible to determine how important each characteristic is to the final outcome whilst controlling for the other characteristics.Practical implications– This paper tentatively displays that wider economic and social policies, such as social protection, are significantly correlated with the level of informal employment.Originality/value– This is the first paper to use a direct survey to analyse and explain cross-national variations in informal employment in less developed economies.
Identifying work value patterns: cross-national comparison and historical dynamics
Authors: Hauff Sven , Kirchner Stefan 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize different work value patterns empirically. Furthermore, it is analyzed how these patterns are distributed in different countries and how they change in the course of time.Design/methodology/approach– Latent class analysis as an advanced clustering procedure was applied. The empirical analysis is based on data from the International Social Survey Program from three time periods (1989, 1997 and 2005), covering five countries (USA, Great Britain, West Germany, Norway and Hungary).Findings– The analysis reveals four distinct work value patterns among employees: “moderate demanders”, “high demanders”, “post modern demanders” and “income and security demanders.” The affiliation to these patterns depends on gender, generational membership, education, occupation and nationality. The historical analysis reveals considerable variety in cross-national developments.Practical implications– The work value patterns identified have implications for recruitment, employee motivation and international HRM strategies. Management needs to be aware of work value patterns in the workforce in order to avoid mismatches and their negative consequences. If mismatch is unavoidable, the paper highlights the need to proactively manage mismatches between work value patterns and workplace situation.Originality/value– The authors argue that different work values are not independent of each other. Instead, they seem to have systematic interrelations and exist in specific patterns. Accordingly different segments within the labor force can be characterized by specific combinations of work values. This is highly relevant because it could help to customize HR instruments and incentives.
Research on surface topography wear of textured work roll in cold rolling
Authors: Xu Dong , Zhang Jie , Li Hongbo , Lu Jinsong , Fan Qingguo , Dong Hailong 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to build a transient wear prediction model of surface topography of textured work roll, and then to investigate the wear performance of different original textured surfaces. The surface topography of steel sheets is one of the most important surface quality indexes, which is inherited from the textured work rolls in cold rolling. Surface topography of work roll is obviously changing in the cold rolling process. However, surface topography is difficult to measure in the industry production process.Design/methodology/approach– This paper presents a numerical approach to simulate the wear process based on the mixed lubrication model of cold rolling interface developed by Wilson and Sheu (Sheu and Wilson, 1994). It is assumed that wear takes place at locations where the surfaces are in direct contact, and the volume is removed by an abrasive particle which is an abstract concept based on the wear phenomenon of textured work roll. At each simulation cycle, the distribution of the contact pressure is calculated by the lubrication model. The material is removed by an abstract abrasive particle and the surface topography is modified correspondingly. The renewed surface topography is then used for the next cycle.Findings– Through comparative analysis, it can be found that the simulation results possess similar statistical characteristic with the measured data. A set of roughness parameters such as the amplitude, spacing and frequency-domain characteristics are introduced to analyze the wear performance of different textured surfaces. Numerical examples show that the surface topography has a significant effect on the wear performance of work roll in cold rolling.Originality/value– The proposed model can accurately predict the wear process of the surface topography in the cold rolling process, which provides the foundation for optimization of original surface topography of textured work roll. The model can also be considered as a tool applicable for research on control of the surface topography of steel strip in the cold rolling process.
Strategy maps: the essential link between the balanced scorecard and action
Authors: Lueg Rainer 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to show how the use of Strategy Maps substantially improves the implementation success of balanced scorecards (BSC). The BSC is supposed to translate strategy into action. Strategy maps support this by showing cause-and-effect chains. But what does this mean for strategy execution in practice? To achieve better BSC implementations, the author uncovers pitfalls and names the remedies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author summarizes the most important findings from initially over 1,000 studies that have dealt with the BSC from 1992 to 2012.

Findings
– BSC implementations that use a sophisticated Strategy Map appear to be successful. Strategy maps foster a better understanding of the BSC among employees, create greater commitment and less resistance and are superior to the BSC itself in communicating how to achieve strategic goals. Also, strategy maps facilitate managers’ evaluation of the relevant environment. Nevertheless, the common measure bias is a usual pitfall: top managers have a tendency to use their own strategic targets as a yardstick for lower-level employees.

Originality/value
– This paper helps managers understand the most recent developments on strategy maps. In particular, the author highlights that causalities do not exist in organizations in the same way as there are “laws” in physics. Instead, organizations need to customize their BSC to their way of doing business.
Unveiling the myths of M&A integration: challenging general management and consulting practice
Authors: Bauer Florian , Hautz Julia , Matzler Kurt 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to detect and challenge generally accepted management and consulting practice in Mergers & Acquisitions (M&As). M&As have been an important issue in strategic management and corporate development for decades. The integration process of two separate entities has been found to be of importance, and has, accordingly, received a significant amount of attention by research, management and consulting literature. Based on these insights, managers tend to rely on well-established and generally accepted rules developed by practice and consultants that should support a successful integration process and the generation of value. Nonetheless, M&As’ efforts still often fail to create value. So is the common practice of the established drivers and beneficial consequences of the integration of M&As right, or do the experiences of consultants, companies and managers reveal something different?Design/methodology/approach– To understand these challenges, the authors spent four years studying M&A projects and subsequent integration processes of more than 400 companies that engaged in M&A efforts. The data derived from four survey-based quantitative studies among more than 430 CEOs, CFOs and other senior managers in the field of M&As and personal interviews that were conducted to get in-depth insights.Findings– This extensive research on the efforts and projects of M&As over many years and including many companies reveals that successful integration processes are complex, social and culturally dependent endeavors and that the application of commonly accepted and established principles oversimplifies and disregards the interdependencies.Originality/value– The present paper unveils four established principles concerning the successful integration after M&As as tenacious myths and provides more differentiated insights into value-destroying and value-creating mechanisms in M&As.
Does punishment in secure residential youth care work? An overview of the evidence
Authors: de Valk S. , van der Helm G. H. P. , Beld M. , Schaftenaar P. , Kuiper C. , Stams G. J. J. M. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Violence is a common problem in secure residential units for young people. Group workers often think that young people have to learn to behave by means of punishment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether this approach is effective in these settings, and, if so, under what circumstances. Furthermore, it aims to provide alternatives to punishment when dealing with violence.Design/methodology/approach– Recent evidence on the effectiveness of punishment in secure residential units is reviewed. In addition, methods which are promising in dealing with violence are described.Findings– The review shows that punishment is often used to regain control by group workers or, alternatively, is a result of professional helplessness in the face of escalating problems. Only when the living group climate is marked by trust and cooperation can punishment be effective.Originality/value– Punishment in secure residential settings can have severe negative consequences. Nevertheless, group workers are tempted to use it as a response to violence in an attempt to gain control.
Consumers’ evaluation toward tobacco companies: implications for social marketing
Authors: Arli Denni , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Lasmono Hari 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Given the well-documented outcomes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, tobacco companies that exhibit CSR may be trusted and consumers may hold positive attitudes towards tobacco companies further contributing to and reinforcing smoking behaviours, which is a highly undesired and addictive behaviour. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to understand smokers and non-smokers views of CSR activities by Indonesian tobacco companies.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from a large private university in Surabaya, Indonesia. There were 191 usable questionnaires with 91.7 per cent male and 8.3 per cent female. The number of smokers and non-smokers were evenly split, 49 per cent smokers and 51 per cent non-smokers which is slightly lower than the 67 per cent of male smokers in Indonesia. Of the 94 smokers in the sample, 69 per cent reported smoking on a daily basis.Findings– The results of this study suggest that CSR activities are able to cultivate favourable images of the tobacco companies especially for those who are currently smoking. CSR in the domain of the tobacco industry increases people’s favourable association with the company. Moreover, the findings show that consumer-company identification does not affect company evaluation (CE) and consumer sensitivity towards corporate social performance becomes a motivator which positively affects CE among smokers.Practical implications– This study has important implications for social marketing practice and research where the dominant focus remains on the downstream. In the case of smoking in Indonesia social marketing efforts directed towards mid and upstream may be more effective than downstream social marketing interventions which have to compete with global tobacco corporations.Originality/value– This is one of the first studies to explore the impact of CSR and one of the first studies to examine Indonesia, the world’s fourth most populous country which exhibits a very high male smoking rate.
Is diffusion of marketing competence necessary for a market orientation? A comparative investigation of marketing managers and their defining traits
Authors: Loveland James M , Thompson Scott A , Lounsbury John W , Dantas Danilo 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Increasingly, scholars and analysts are urging firms to transition from a model in which marketing is a discrete function to a diffused approach in which marketing is everyone’s job. Prior research has examined differences in firm level performance. However, this firm level focus has overlooked what effects this transition might have on the managers who perform the marketing role. The purpose of this paper is to investigate manager level consequences of transitioning between these approaches by evaluating differences in person-environment (P-E) fit between marketers and non-marketers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors identify core marketing functions and relevant personality traits of marketing managers, based on the marketing literature. The authors then compare personality and career satisfaction data from 465 marketing managers against a larger, general employment sample of 3,100 employees. Finally, the authors examine the relationship of career satisfaction to each of these traits and investigate how these relationships differ across the two groups.

Findings
– The authors find important differences between marketers and non-marketers. Most importantly, the authors found that the relationships between personality and career satisfaction were significantly different for traits suggested by the research literature as important to the marketing function. In particular, customer orientation, visionary leadership, optimism, and assertiveness were all associated with higher career satisfaction for the marketing sample than for the general sample.

Originality/value
– This paper is among the first to examine manager level differences relevant to transitioning between firm level marketing approaches. For firms considering adopting the “everyone is a marketer” diffused approach, the findings reveal pitfalls that can lead to reduced career satisfaction, reduced manager performance, and increased turnover. As a result, the performance of firms that have already adopted a diffused approach may be misleading for those firms who have not. At a minimum, firms contemplating a transition to a diffused approach should conduct an assessment of P-E fit similar to that illustrated in this paper to assess the potential risks.
Assessing spatio‐temporal priorities for species’ recovery in broad‐scale dynamic landscapes
Authors: Santika Truly , McAlpine Clive A. , Lunney Daniel , Wilson Kerrie A. , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAs threats to biodiversity from environmental change increase, assessing priorities for mitigation action becomes increasingly important. However, there have been few attempts to schedule actions across broad spatial extents that explicitly account for dynamic ecological processes and threats.We combined a dynamic occupancy model with a decision analysis framework to spatially allocate multiple recovery actions to maximize species’ probability of occupancy under threats posed by climate and land‐use change. We used the koalaPhascolarctos cinereusacross the Australian state of New South Wales (810 000 km2) to illustrate this approach. We considered four actions implemented on a 10 × 10 km2grid: reduce domestic dog attacks through dog control, reduce vehicle collisions through fencing highways, protect habitat through land acquisitions and restore Eucalyptus forest. We used the occupancy model to predict ecological responses to recovery actions and simulated annealing to identify spatio‐temporal priorities for each action. We contrasted the results against priorities generated using a traditional static distribution model.To maximize the probability of koala occupancy in 50 years’ time, with an annual budget of up toAU$20 million, investment priorities were located in the eastern part of koala's range, focusing on dog control with some investment in habitat protection and restoration. With higher budgets, investment priorities shifted towards habitat protection and restoration in the western part of the range. However, priorities based on the static distribution model, which had a lower predictive accuracy than the dynamic model, were different. Regardless of budget, priorities derived from the static model were predominantly located in the western part of koala's range, focusing on highway fencing with some investment in dog control.Synthesis and applications. Our approach for integrating spatio‐temporal dynamics into conservation prioritization across broad spatial extents provides a significant advance on existing approaches based on static distribution models. The finding that the inferior static model produced different priorities to the dynamic model cautions against the use of static models for conservation planning in dynamic landscapes. Additionally, the substantial changes in priorities with budget indicate that conservation planning under dynamic landscape and climate change must carefully consider priority actions and locations relative to the conservation resources available.
Endogenous parathyroid hormone and knee osteoarthritis: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lee Sunggun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimAlthough animal studies have shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs can have disease‐modifying effect on experimental osteoarthritis, there is little human data. This study aimed to analyze the association between endogenous PTH and knee osteoarthritis in humans.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study including 5880 participants of The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum intact PTH was measured by chemiluminescence assay. Radiographic knee osteoarthritis was defined as a Kellgren–Lawrence grade of ≥ 2. The association between knee osteoarthritis and natural log‐transformed PTH (lnPTH) was modeled using logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, body mass index categories, calcium intake and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in both sexes.ResultsThe prevalence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis tended to be higher in the highest quartile of PTH in women. In men, there was no clear trend across the quartiles of PTH. In multivariable analyses, there was no significant association between lnPTH and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in either sex (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): 0.81 (0.64–1.02) in women and 0.88 (0.67–1.16) in men. Analyses on symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis showed no significant association.ConclusionAlthough there was a trend for a negative association in women, no statistically significant association was found between endogenous PTH and knee osteoarthritis.
Immune cell gateways in the central nervous system regulated by regional neural stimulations
Authors: Kamimura Daisuke , Stofkova Andrea , Nishikawa Naoki , Atsumi Toru , Arima Yasunobu , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) is an immune‐privileged tissue due to a specialized blood vessel structure, the blood–brain barrier. Indeed, the blood–brain barrier tightly limits cell migrations into the CNS. However, several immune cells, including T cells, can be found there. It is hypothesized that these cells have both beneficial and detrimental roles in immune surveillance and inflammation development, and that they can lead to multiple diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The presence of immune cells within the CNS suggests a gateway that allows access from the peripheral blood stream. We recently identified dorsal vessels of the fifth lumbar spinal cord as a gateway for autoreactive T cells that opened with excessive chemokine expression. A chemokine inducer, the inflammation amplifier, which is hyperactivated by regional neural activations such as gravity, appears critical for formation of this fifth lumbar gateway. The gating of immune cells to the CNS can be artificially controlled by electric stimulations, at least in mice. We named this neural stimulation‐dependent gating the “gateway reflex.” Physical and/or chemical manipulations of the gateway reflex through the inflammation amplifier hold promising therapeutic value for neuroimmunological disorders.
Mucosal Manifestations in the Edentulous Maxilla with Implant Supported Prostheses: Clinical Results from a Well‐Maintained Patient Cohort
Authors: Ebinger Andreas , Katsoulis Joannis , Hakimi Mariam , Mazzi Davide , Mericske‐Stern Regina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundProstheses in the edentulous maxilla affect the mucosa.PurposeTo evaluate mucosal alterations with implant supported fixed prostheses (FDP) and overdentures (IOD).Material and MethodsPatients receiving prostheses during a time period of 10 years were recruited. Maxillary mucosal conditions in relation to FDPs, IODs were analyzed. Peri‐implant parameters were measured and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was administered.ResultsOne hundred seven patients wearing 74 IODs and 33 FDPs were identified with a total of 519 implants, the mean observation time was 6.5 ± 2.7. Cumulative implant survival was 93%. Erythema and hyperplastic tissue were identified in 71% of the IOD wearers, but were mostly absent with FDPs. The peri‐implant parameters demonstrated healthy peri‐implant mucosa. Medication and smoking had no effect on mucosal alteration (OR = 1.065 and 1.568). The average OHIP value was 3.73 ± 4.12. A lower value (p < 0.0048) was found for FDPs and one type of IOD.ConclusionsA rigorous maintenance program did not prevent IOD mucosal alterations in IOD wearers, but the health of the peri‐implant mucosa was maintained and was comparable for all types of prostheses.