bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse events following statin–fenofibrate therapy versus statin alone: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Geng Qiang , Ren Jingyi , Chen Hong , Lee Chongyou , Liang Wenqing 
Published: January 2013

Summary

The combination of fenofibrate with statins is a beneficial therapeutic option for patients with mixed dyslipidaemia, but concerns about adverse events (AEs) make physicians reluctant to use this combination therapy.

Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify 13 randomized controlled trials, involving 7712 patients, of statin–fenofibrate therapy versus statin alone for review.

There were significant decreases in low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol and increases in high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol in patients receiving combination therapy compared with statin therapy alone. The incidence of aminotransferase elevations in the fenofibrate–statin therapy group was significantly higher than in the statin monotherapy group (odds ratio (OR), 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–2.37; P < 0.05). The incidence of elevated creatine kinase levels (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.63–1.23; P > 0.05), muscle‐associated AEs (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.88–1.09; P > 0.05) and withdrawals attributed to liver and muscle dysfunction did not differ significantly between the two groups. The efficacy of fenofibrate + standard‐dose statin and incidence of AEs in the fenofibrate + standard‐dose statin group were almost identical to those in the fenofibrate–statin group.

In conclusion, combination therapy improves the blood lipid profile of patients. Fenofibrate–statin combination therapy appears to be as well tolerated as statin monotherapy. Physicians should consider fenofibrate–statin combination therapy in patients but monitor aminotransferase levels to avoid hepatic complications.
Cognitive endophenotypes in a family with bipolar disorder with a risk locus on chromosome 4
Authors: Drysdale Emma , Knight Helen M , McIntosh Andrew M , Blackwood Douglas HR 
Published: January 2013

Objectives:  We studied cognitive function in high‐risk relatives belonging to a single extended family showing linkage of bipolar disorder to a locus on chromosome 4. High‐risk relatives were defined as those that carried the risk haplotype of polymorphic markers, identified in a previous linkage study. This family provided a rare opportunity to characterize a neuropsychological endophenotype in a homogeneous sample of relatives with a common genetic risk factor.Methods:  Fifteen family members carrying the risk haplotype (eight diagnosed with bipolar disorder or depression and seven with no psychiatric diagnosis), unrelated patients with bipolar disorder (n = 36) and major depressive disorder (n = 40), and healthy control subjects (n = 33) were administered the California Verbal Learning Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Hayling Sentence Completion Test, and Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test to assess verbal memory, verbal fluency, and executive function.Results:  Compared with healthy controls, family members carrying the risk haplotype were impaired in indices of memory and executive function. There were no significant differences between unaffected and affected haplotype‐carrying family members in any cognitive measure. Pronounced deficits in the encoding stage of verbal memory and category verbal fluency were evident in individuals with the risk haplotype.Conclusions:  Verbal learning and semantic verbal fluency impairments may represent a cognitive endophenotype for both bipolar disorder and major depression in relatives of bipolar disorder patients, as impairment was also present in high‐risk relatives who had not developed any affective disorder symptoms. These findings suggest that impairment in semantic organization may be linked to the genetic aetiology of bipolar disorder.
Multiple occupancy–abundance patterns in staghorn coral communities
Authors: Richards Zoe T. , Syms Craig , Wallace Carden C. , Muir Paul R. , Willis Bette L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimUnderstanding patterns in a species' occupancy and abundance across multiple scales is important for management purposes, particularly for protecting threatened species. Here, we develop a new quantitative, multiscale model of occupancy and abundance that characterizes seven types of rarity and one of commonness in high‐diversity communities of staghorn coral. We examine how rare species influence coral community structure and explore spatial variability in underlying patterns of community structure in the context of optimizing the data needed to protect biodiversity.LocationNorth‐west Pacific Ocean.MethodsWe present categorical abundance data for 87 species of staghorn corals occurring within 100 sites across five reefs in the north‐west Pacific Ocean. We develop a new model that combines measures of global distribution, local distribution and local abundance to describe eight mutually exclusive occupancy–abundance patterns, which can be used to prioritize regional species conservation. Traditional and new analytical approaches are compared to explore how rare species influence multidimensional space and community structure.ResultsWe show that five types of occupancy–abundance relationships exist in staghorn coral assemblages, including four patterns of rarity. The overwhelming majority of species (73%) are rare according to local abundance and/or distribution criteria. Occupancy–abundance patterns are spatially variable in staghorn coral communities, and no single underlying distribution fits all assemblages. Our findings suggest that 54 species are at risk of regional extinction, 30 of which are also classified as ‘vulnerable’ by the IUCN.Main conclusionsOur model demonstrates that multiple occupancy–abundance patterns exist in staghorn coral assemblages. We conclude that 66% of the pool of staghorn coral fauna in the north‐west Pacific is at risk of regional extinction. At the locations and scales examined here, occupancy–abundance patterns and the underlying distributions of coral communities are spatially variable, suggesting that it may not be appropriate to apply unified ecological theory to communities with a large proportion of threatened species because this may jeopardize biodiversity conservation.
Comparing patient‐generated blood glucose diary records with meter memory in diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Given J. E. , O'Kane M. J. , Bunting B. P. , Coates V. E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo synthesize evidence relating to comparisons between patient‐generated blood glucose records and meter memory in diabetes and to identify any predictors of agreement.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify articles comparing meter and diary records in those unaware of this assessment.ResultsEleven observational studies, covering patients with Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes were included spanning 1984–2009. Failure to record blood glucose measurements in the diary was the most extensive ‘error’, but addition of values, which were not measured, was a greater cause for concern. When present to a high degree, ‘errors’ lead to decreased variability in diary records compared with meter records. Allowing for a minimal amount of disagreement, just over 50% of adult diaries can be considered as ‘accurate/reliable’. Disagreements were most extensive in teenagers and young adults, but the pregnant populations were only slightly better. Agreement was not related to sex, number of insulin injections or duration of monitoring. Those who were younger were more likely to have ‘errors’, while those who monitored more frequently had more ‘accurate’ diaries.ConclusionsThe lack of meter–diary agreement suggests that the real reason for monitoring is not understood by many patients, raising issues about motivation, perceived need to impress healthcare providers and denial of poor control. Considering that diaries are used to inform decisions about therapy when HbA1c is raised or in pregnancy, when HbA1c is not suitable, there is significant cause for concern in relation to their clinical utility.
Fasting plasma triglycerides predict the glycaemic response to treatment of Type 2 diabetes by gastric electrical stimulation. A novel lipotoxicity paradigm
Authors: Lebovitz H. E. , Ludvik B. , Yaniv I. , Haddad W. , Schwartz T. , Aviv R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundNon‐stimulatory, meal‐mediated electrical stimulation of the stomach (TANTALUS‐DIAMOND) improves glycaemic control and causes modest weight loss in patients with Type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on oral anti‐diabetic medications. The magnitude of the glycaemic response in clinical studies has been variable. A preliminary analysis of data from patients who had completed 6 months of treatment indicated that the glycaemic response to the electrical stimulation was inversely related to the baseline fasting plasma triglyceride level.MethodAn analysis of 40 patients who had had detailed longitudinal studies for 12 months.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with fasting plasma triglycerides ≤ 1.7 mmol/l had mean decreases in HbA1c after 3, 6 and 12 months of gastric contraction modulation treatment of −15 ± 2.1 mmol/mol (−1.39 ± 0.20%), −16 ± 2.2 mmol/mol (−1.48 ± 0.20%) and −14 ± 3.0 mmol/mol (−1.31 ± 0.26%), respectively. In contrast, 18 patients with fasting plasma triglyceride > 1.7 mmol/l had mean decreases in HbA1c of −7 ± 1.7 mmol/mol (−0.66 ± 0.16%), −5 ± 1.6 mmol/mol (−0.44 ± 0.18%) and −5 ± 1.7 mmol/mol (−0.42 ± 0.16%), respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient between fasting plasma triglyceride and decreases in HbA1c at 12 months of treatment was 0.34 (P < 0.05). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was unchanged during 12 months of treatment in patients with high baseline fasting triglycerides, while it progressively improved in patients with low fasting plasma triglycerides. Patients with low fasting plasma triglycerides had a tendency to lose more weight than those with high fasting plasma triglycerides, but this did not achieve statistical significance.ConclusionsThe data presented suggest the existance of a triglyceride lipotoxic mechanism that interferes with gastric/neural mediated pathways that can regulate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The data suggest the existence of a triglyceride lipotoxic pathway that interferes with gastric/neural mediated pathways that can regulate glycaemic control.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and angioedema: a class effect?
Authors: Saisho Y. , Itoh H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors have been reported to be generally well tolerated. However, angioedema has been reported as one of the rare adverse events of these drugs.Case reportWe report a case in which angioedema induced by vildagliptin disappeared after changing to another DPP‐4 inhibitor, alogliptin.DiscussionOur case suggests that there is a difference in the risk of angioedema among DPP‐4 inhibitors. To clarify this possibility, further investigation on the risk of angioedema among DPP‐4 inhibitors is warranted.
The antihepatic fibrotic effects of fluorofenidone via MAPK signalling pathways
Authors: Peng Yu , Yang Huixiang , Zhu Tingting , Zhao Menghua , Deng Yuexia , Liu Bin , Shen Hong , Hu Gaoyun , Wang Zhaohe , Tao Lijian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundFluorofenidone (AKF‐PD) is a novel pyridone agent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of AKF‐PD on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)‐induced liver fibrosis in rats and the involved molecular mechanism related to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).Materials and methodsWistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, DMN, DMN/AKF‐PD treatment and DMN/pirfenidone (PFD) treatment groups. AKF‐PD and PFD treatments were, respectively, performed for two activated HSCs lines, rat CFSC‐2G and human LX2. The cell proliferation was analysed by MTT. The expression of collagen I was determined by immunohistochemical staining and real‐time RT‐PCR. The expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK (p38), and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/stress‐activated protein kinase (JNK) were also detected by real‐time RT‐PCR and/or Western blot.ResultsAKF‐PD significantly reduced PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation and activation of HSCs, as determined by reducing protein expression of α‐SMA and TIMP‐1. AKF‐PD treatment attenuated PDGF‐BB‐induced upregulation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. In fibrotic rat liver, AKF‐PD reduced the degree of liver injury and hepatic fibrosis, which was associated with reduced the expression of collagen I, α‐SMA, TIMP‐1 at both mRNA and protein levels.ConclusionAKF‐PD treatment inhibits the progression of hepatic fibrosis by suppressing HSCs proliferation and activation via MAPK signalling pathway.
High prevalence of radiolucent periapical lesions amongst patients with inherited coagulation disorders
Authors: Castellanos‐Cosano L. , Machuca‐Portillo G. , Sánchez‐Domínguez B. , Torrés‐Lagares D. , López‐López J. , Segura‐Egea J. J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryApical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth caused by bacterial infection of the pulp canal system. AP appears radiographically as a radiolucent periapical lesion (RPL). The elective treatment for teeth with AP is root canal treatment (RCT). No study is available about the frequency of RPL and RCT in patients with inherited coagulation disorders (ICD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of RPL and RCT in patients with ICD and control subjects. In a cross‐sectional study, the radiographic records of 58 patients with haemophilia A, haemophilia B or von Willebrand's disease (study group) and 58 control subjects were examined. The frequency of RPL and RCT was assessed using digital panoramic radiographs and the Periapical Index. RPL in one or more teeth was found in 67.2% of patients with ICD and in 48.3% of control subjects (odds ratio = 2.20; P = 0.038). At least one RCT was found in 34.5% and 65.5% of subjects in the study and control groups respectively (odds ratio = 0.28; P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that subjects with ICD had RPL with higher likelihood than control subjects (odds ratio = 7.4; P = 0.0005). Patients with ICD disorders showed a significantly higher prevalence of RPL and lower frequency of RCT than control patients.
Separation‐preconcentration of Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni in various water and food samples on Sepabeads SP‐207
Authors: Mendil Durali , Kiris Tuba , Tuzen Mustafa , Soylak Mustafa 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThis study presents a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure for preconcentration and separation of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II), as their diethyldithiocarbamate chelates on Sepabeads SP‐207 resin using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The parameters, including pH, sample volume, eluent type and volume etc., were optimised. The influences of the some alkali, alkali earth and transition metal ions on the involvement of copper(II), cadmium(II), lead(II) and nickel(II) were also examined. The preconcentration factor was calculated as 50. The limit of detections of the analyte ions (k = 3, N = 21) were 0.18 μg L−1 (Cu), 0.17 μg L−1 (Cd), 0.55 μg L−1 (Pb) and 1.67 μg L−1 (Ni). GBW 07605 Tea and NRCC‐DORM‐2 Dogfish Muscle certificated reference materials were used for confirm of method. The method was successfully performed for determination of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) ions in water and food samples. The relative standard deviation was found to be lower than 7%.
Gene transcription analysis of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) allergens Cor a 1, Cor a 8 and Cor a 11: a comparative study
Authors: Garino Cristiano , Locatelli Monica , Coïsson Jean Daniel , D'Andrea Matteo , Cereti Elisabetta , Travaglia Fabiano , Arlorio Marco 
Published: January 2013

SummaryCor a 1, Cor a 8 and Cor a 11 are three important allergens in hazelnut. Aim of this work was to set up a method to quantitatively measure differences in their transcription levels. For the expression study, three different models were set up, taking also into account the ripening stage and the year of harvest. A gene transcription analysis by relative quantification through Real‐Time PCR has been developed to measure the transcription profile of hazelnut allergens. Differences in the gene transcription levels of Cor a 8 and Cor a 11 were found, both when comparing different cultivars among themselves and when comparing different years of harvest and ripening stages in the “Tonda Gentile Trilobata” (TGT) cultivar. Major allergen Cor a 1 gene did not display any statistically significant variation in its transcript abundance. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was finally performed to better elucidate the classification of samples.
Comparisons of perioperative outcomes and costs between open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A propensity‐score matching analysis based on the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database
Authors: Sugihara Toru , Yasunaga Hideo , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Tsuru Nobuo , Ihara Hiroyuki , Fujimura Tetsuya , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Ohe Kazuhiko , Fushimi Kiyohide , Homma Yukio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe compared perioperative outcomes and costs between open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, including cases from 2007 to 2010, was used by one‐to‐one propensity‐score matching. The following items were compared: complication rate; homologous and autologous transfusion rate; first cystography day and cystography repeat rate; anesthesia time; postoperative length of stay; and costs. Multivariate analyses were carried out by including age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, T stage, hospital volume and hospital academic status as variables. As a result, among 15 616 open and 1997 laparoscopic radical prostatectomies, 1627 propensity‐score matched pairs were generated. The laparoscopic approach showed a better overall complication rate (3.4% vs 5.0%), homologous transfusion rate (3.3% vs 9.2%), autologous transfusion rate (44.9% vs 79.3%), first cystography day (mean 6th vs 7th day), mean postoperative length of stay (mean 11 vs 13 days), and cost without surgery and anesthesia (mean $7965 vs $9235; all P < 0.001). Anesthesia time was longer (mean 345 vs 285 min) and total cost was higher (mean $14 980 vs $12 356) for the laparoscopic approach (both P < 0.001). The secondary cystography rates were comparable between the groups (18.3% vs 15.7%, P = 0.144). The multivariate analyses showed similar trends. In conclusion, these findings confirm several benefits of laparoscopy over open approach for radical prostatectomy.
High‐latitude Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) brachiopods from the Eusebio Ayala Formation of Paraguay, Paraná Basin
Authors: BENEDETTO JUAN L. , HALPERN KAREN , GALEANO INCHAUSTI JULIO C. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:  Examination of newly collected brachiopods from the Eusebio Ayala Formation of Paraguay reveals the occurrence of Arenorthis paranaensis sp. nov., Plectothyrella? itacurubiensis sp. nov., Hindella sp. and Eostropheodonta conradii (Harrington). Associated graptolites of the N. persculptus Zone indicate that the age of the fossiliferous beds is Hirnantian. The overall generic composition of the fauna is similar to that of the atypical Hirnantia Fauna of the Bani Province. The record in Paraguay of Arenorthis, hitherto only known from North Africa, together with species of Plectothyrella? and Eostropheodonta different from those recorded in the Kosov Province, emphasizing the affinities between the Paraguayan fauna and the low‐diversity African assemblages. Stratigraphic and faunal evidence indicates that biogeographical links between South America and Africa already existed by the end of the Ordovician when most of the intra‐cratonic basins of Gondwana were flooded during the postglacial sea level rise.
Tachyoryctes makooka (Tachyoryctini, Spalacidae, Rodentia) and its bearing on the phylogeny of the Tachyoryctini
Authors: LÓPEZ‐ANTOÑANZAS RAQUEL , WESSELMAN HENRY B. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:  The Rhizomyinae is a subfamily of myomorph rodents within the family Spalacidae. It is subdivided into two tribes: the Asian Rhizomyini and the Tachyoryctini. Even though the origin of the Tachyoryctini is to be found in Asia, they are nowadays restricted to Africa. African Tachyoryctini are known from the Late Miocene and include a single genus with five species: the recently discovered Tachyoryctes makooka, which is described in detail in this work, T. pliocaenicus, T. konjiti and the two extant T. splendens and T. macrocephalus. Their closest Asian counterparts are the Late Miocene Protachyoryctes and Eicooryctes. A cladistic analysis involving all the above‐mentioned taxa was carried out. Protachyoryctes tatroti turned out to be the most basal species of the ingroup followed by the Ethiopian T. makooka. Both taxa show some primitive traits like the protosinus on the first upper molars, short but distinct mesolophids on the lower molars and the presence of the mure on the cheek teeth. T. pliocaenicus and the most derived Tachyoryctini share the synapomorphic reduction or loss of these characters. The increase in hypsodonty evidenced in this lineage is correlated with the transition from a humid to a drier climate that started at the beginning of the Pliocene.
Snipe flies (Diptera: Rhagionidae) from the Daohugou Formation (Jurassic), Inner Mongolia, and the systematic position of related records in China
Authors: ZHANG JUNFENG 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:  Four new species referred to three new genera and one known genus of fossil snipe flies (Family Rhagionidae) from the Daohugou Formation of Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia, north‐eastern China, are described as Daohugorhagio elongatus gen. et sp. nov., Parachrysopilus jurassicus gen. et sp. nov., Sinorhagio sinuatus sp. nov. and Trichorhagio gregarius gen. et sp. nov. These taxa represent only a fraction of the rhagionid assemblage in the Daohugou biota. They contribute towards the high diversity and abundance of snipe flies during the latest Middle Jurassic – earliest Late Jurassic. The diagnosis of Sinorhagio K. Zhang, Yang and Ren, 2006 is revised based on the new results. Many genera and species from the Lower Cretaceous of China have been assigned to Rhagionidae. Most of these do not actually belong to this family: specifically Mesorhagiophryne incerta Hong and Wang, 1990, M. robusta Hong and Wang, 1990, Mesostratiomyia laiyangensis Hong and Wang, 1990, Stratiomyopsis robusta Hong and Wang, 1990, Longhuaia orientalis Hong, Wang and Sun, 1992, Basilorhagio venusius Ren, 1995. Pauromyia oresbia Ren, 1998 is transferred to an archisargid genus as Sharasargus oresbius (Ren, 1998) comb. nov.
Case Studies on Water Security: Analysis of System Complexity and the Role of Institutions
Authors: Petersen‐Perlman Jacob D. , Veilleux Jennifer C. , Zentner Matthew , Wolf Aaron T. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:Water security is a challenge faced within many transboundary river basins. Identifying the resilient factors within a system may reduce water security concerns and enhance cooperation. In this paper, we are examining the dimensions of resilience as influenced by the rate of change and institutional capacity within river basins. Three case studies are analyzed for their water security capacity, including resilience and vulnerability, as well as institutional capacity.