bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal femoral condyle resurfacing
Authors: Brennan S. A. , Devitt B. M. , O’Neill C. J. , Nicholson P. 
Published: February 2013

Focal femoral inlay resurfacing has been developed for the treatment of full-thickness chondral defects of the knee. This technique involves implanting a defect-sized metallic or ceramic cap that is anchored to the subchondral bone through a screw or pin. The use of these experimental caps has been advocated in middle-aged patients who have failed non-operative methods or biological repair techniques and are deemed unsuitable for conventional arthroplasty because of their age. This paper outlines the implant design, surgical technique and biomechanical principles underlying their use. Outcomes following implantation in both animal and human studies are also reviewed.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:301–4.
The treatment of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis via the Ganz surgical dislocation and anatomical reduction
Authors: Madan S. S. , Cooper A. P. , Davies A. G. , Fernandes J. A. 
Published: February 2013

We present our experience of the modified Dunn procedure in combination with a Ganz surgical dislocation of the hip to treat patients with severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). The aim was to prospectively investigate whether this technique is safe and reproducible. We assessed the degree of reduction, functional outcome, rate of complications, radiological changes and range of movement in the hip. There were 28 patients with a mean follow-up of 38.6 months (24 to 84). The lateral slip angle was corrected by a mean of 50.9° (95% confidence interval 44.3 to 57.5). The mean modified Harris hip score at the final follow-up was 89.1 (sd 9.0) and the mean Non-Arthritic Hip score was 91.3 (sd 9.0). Two patients had proven pre-existing avascular necrosis and two developed the condition post-operatively. There were no cases of nonunion, implant failure, infection, deep-vein thrombosis or heterotopic ossification. The range of movement at final follow-up was nearly normal. This study adds to the evidence that the technique of surgical dislocation and anatomical reduction is safe and reliable in patients with SCFE. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:424–9.
The effect of alcohol intake and the use of oral corticosteroids on the risk of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Fukushima W. , Yamamoto T. , Takahashi S. , Sakaguchi M. , Kubo T. , Iwamoto Y. , Hirota Y. 
Published: February 2013

The systemic use of steroids and habitual alcohol intake are two major causative factors in the development of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). To examine any interaction between oral corticosteroid use and alcohol intake on the risk of ONFH, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 71 cases with ONFH (mean age 45 years (20 to 79)) and 227 matched controls (mean age 47 years (18 to 79)). Alcohol intake was positively associated with ONFH among all subjects: the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of subjects with ≥ 3032 drink-years was 3.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18 to 13.1) compared with never-drinkers. When stratified by steroid use, the OR of such drinkers was 11.1 (95% CI 1.30 to 95.5) among those who had never used steroids, but 1.10 (95% CI 0.21 to 4.79) among those who had. When we assessed any interaction based on a two-by-two table of alcohol and steroid use, the OR of those non-drinkers who did use steroids was markedly elevated (OR 31.5) compared with users of neither. However, no further increase in OR was noted for the effect of using both (OR 31.6). We detected neither a multiplicative nor an additive interaction (p for multiplicative interaction 0.19; synergy index 0.95), suggesting that the added effect of alcohol may be trivial compared with the overwhelming effect of steroids in the development of ONFH.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:320–5.
Leflunomide for Inflammatory Arthritis in End-Stage Renal Disease on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study
Authors: Russo Paul AJ , Wiese Michael D , Smith Malcolm D , Ahern Michael J , Barbara Jeffrey A , Shanahan E Michael 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of leflunomide and document its efficacy and safety in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis in a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who was on peritoneal dialysis. CASE SUMMARY Therapy for a 78-year-old man with ESRD who required peritoneal dialysis was started with leflunomide 10 mg/day for psoriatic arthritis. The dosage was increased to 20 mg/day after 3 months. Monitoring was continued until the patient's unexpected death from myocardial infarction at 8 months. Total and unbound teriflunomide (the active metabolite of leflunomide) concentrations were measured by liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Genotyping for CYP2C19 and ABCG2 polymorphisms, both known to influence teriflunomide pharmacokinetics, was also performed. DISCUSSION Total concentrations of teriflunomide varied between 5.2 and 23.2 mg/L, while unbound concentrations varied between 0.0306 and 0.1468 mg/L. The unbound fraction varied between 0.367% and 0.71%. Teriflunomide was found in the dialysate at a concentration of 0.0981 mg/L. A single CYP2C19 loss of function allele was present, as was wild-type ABCG2. Leflunomide appeared to be therapeutically effective, as evidenced by a reduction in daily prednisolone dosage from 20 mg to 6mg; the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) was 5.46 at enrollment and 4.03 after 7 months. Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index improved from 0.5 to 0.125 at 7 months. Numerous significant adverse events that were considered unrelated to leflunomide occurred. CONCLUSIONS Dose adjustment for leflunomide does not appear to be required in the context of ESRD requiring peritoneal dialysis. We present novel evidence that a small amount of teriflunomide is removed by peritoneal dialysis. This case suggests that leflunomide is safe to use as therapy for inflammatory arthritis despite the presence of ESRD requiring peritoneal dialysis.
Impact of Prolonged Cannabinoid Excretion in Chronic Daily Cannabis Smokers' Blood on Per Se Drugged Driving Laws
Authors: Bergamaschi Mateus M , Karschner Erin L , Goodwin Robert S , Scheidweiler Karl B , Hirvonen Jussi , Queiroz Regina HC , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND
Cannabis is the illicit drug most frequently reported with impaired driving and motor vehicle accidents. Some “per se” laws make it illegal to drive with any amount of drug in the body, while others establish blood, saliva, or urine concentrations above which it is illegal to drive. The persistence of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in chronic daily cannabis smokers' blood is unknown.

METHODS
Thirty male chronic daily cannabis smokers resided on a secure research unit for up to 33 days, with daily blood collection. Samples were processed in an ice bath during sample preparation to minimize cannabinoid adsorption onto precipitant material. We quantified THC by 2-dimensional GC-MS.

RESULTS
Of the 30 participants, 27 were THC-positive on admission, with a median (range) concentration of 1.4 μg/L (0.3–6.3). THC decreased gradually; only 1 of 11 participants was negative at 26 days, 2 of 5 remained THC-positive (0.3 μg/L) for 30 days, and 5.0% of participants had THC ≥1.0 μg/L for 12 days. Median 11-hydroxy-THC concentrations were 1.1 μg/L on admission, with no results ≥1.0 μg/L 24 h later. 11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) detection rates were 96.7% on admission, decreasing slowly to 95.7% and 85.7% on days 8 and 22, respectively; 4 of 5 participants remained THCCOOH positive (0.6–2.7 μg/L) after 30 days, and 1 remained positive on discharge at 33 days.

CONCLUSIONS
Cannabinoids can be detected in blood of chronic daily cannabis smokers during a month of sustained abstinence. This is consistent with the time course of persisting neurocognitive impairment reported in recent studies.
Outcome of Percutaneous Sacroiliac Joint Fixation with Porous Plasma-Coated Triangular Titanium Implants: An Independent Review
Authors: Kim Jong T , Rudolf Leonard M , Glaser John A 
Published: February 2013

Design:
Independent retrospective review of a single surgeon’s experience with a new technique of SI fixation.

Objective:
Examine results of percutaneous fixation of the SI joint with porous coated triangular titanium implants.

Background:
Diagnosis and treatment of a dysfunctional sacroiliac joint is challenging as well as controversial. Recently, percutaneous stabilization techniques have been implemented for fixation. There is minimal literature published on this technique.

Methods:
Charts, radiographs, and CT scans of 31 patients operated on by a single surgeon were de-identified and randomized and then reviewed by investigators not involved with the care of the patients. Reviewers had no relationship with the implant manufacturer at the time of the review. Outcome Measures: intraoperative and postoperative complication, EBL, hospital stays, postoperative image location and number of lucent implants, ingrowth into implants, and bone across SI joint.

Results:
27 patients expressed satisfaction, 4 patients did not. Pain relief was noted to be Complete (16 patients), Excellent (5 patients), Good (9 patients), and Fair (1 patients). Four patients had postoperative complications. These were infected hematoma (2), L5 nerve root irritation (1), and L5-S1 discitis (1). One patient required revision. On 6 month postop CT scan, 18/19 patients had radiographic evidence of bone ingrowth and bone into or across the SI joint was evident in 8/19 patients. Lucency was noted around at least one implant in 5/19 patients.

Conclusions:
Results are promising for the use of this novel implant for a carefully selected group of patients with disabling SI dysfunction.
Role of Clinical Palpation in Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Node in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sadat SM Anwar , Rita Sufia Nasrin , Banik Shoma , Khandker Md Nazmul Hasan , Hossain Md Mahfuz , Khan Md AI 
Published: February 2013

A cross sectional study of 29 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma with or without cervical lymph node metastasis was done among Bangladeshi patients from January 2006 to December 2007. Majority of the study subjects (34.5%) belonged to the age group of 40-49 years. 58.6% of the study subjects were male, while remaining 41.4% of them were female. 51.7% of the lesions were located in the alveolar ridge where the other common sites were buccal mucosa (27.6%) and retro molar area (13.8%). Half of the study subjects (51.7%) were habituated to betel quid chewing followed by 37.9% and 10.3% were habituated to smoking and betel quid-smoking respectively. Grade I lesions was most prevalent (75.9%) in the study subjects. Majority of cases presented with Stage IV lesions (55.2%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value & accuracy of clinical palpation method for determining metastatic cervical lymph nodes were 93.33%, 64.29%, 73.68%, 90% and 79.3% respectively. Careful and repeated clinical palpation plays important role in evaluation of cervical lymph nodes though several modern techniques may help additionally in the management of oral cancer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13978 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 02-06
Health Providers’ Perceptions of Novel Approaches to Visualizing Integrated Health Information
Authors: Reeder B. , Thompson H. , Demiris G. , Le T. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObjectives: We evaluated the design of three novel visualization techniques for integrated health information with health care providers in older adult care. Through focus groups, we identified generalizable themes related to the visualization and interpretation of health information. Using these themes we address challenges with visualizing integrated health information and provide recommendations for designers.Methods: We recruited ten health care providers to participate in three focus groups. We applied a qualitative descriptive approach to code and extract themes related to the visualization of graphical displays.Results: We identified a set of four common themes across focus groups related to: 1) Trust in data for decision-making; 2) Per -ceived level of detail for visualization (sub-themes: holistic, individual components); 3) Cognitive issues (subthemes: training and experience; cognitive overload; contrast); and 4) Application of visual displays. Furthermore, recommendations are provided as part of the iterative design process for the visualizations.Conclusions: Data visualization of health information is an important component of care, impacting both the accuracy and speed of decision making. There are both functional and cognitive elements to consider during the development of appropriate visualizations that integrate different components of health.
Exploiting Online Discussions to Discover Unrecognized Drug Side Effects
Authors: Fang H. , Stanhope S. J. , Wu H. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryBackground: Drugs can treat human diseases through chemical interactions between the ingredients and intended targets in the human body. However, the ingredients could unexpectedly interact with off-targets, which may cause adverse drug side effects. Notifying patients and physicians of potential drug effects is an important step in improving healthcare quality and delivery.Objective: With the increasing popularity of Web 2.0 applications, more and more patients start discussing drug side effects in many online sources. These online discussions form a valuable source for mining interesting knowledge about side effects. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of exploiting these discussions to discover unrecognized drug side effects.Methods: We propose methods that can 1) build a knowledge base for drug side effects by automatically integrating the in -formation related to drug side effects from different sources; and 2) monitor online discussions about drugs and discover potential unrecognized drug side effects.Results: Experiment results show that the online discussions indeed provide useful information discovering unrecognized drug side effects. We find that the integrated knowledge base contains more information than individual online sources. Moreover, both proposed detection methods can identi -fy the side effects related to the four recently recalled drugs, and the information from online discussions makes it possible to make the detection much earlier than official announcements. Finally, the proposed genera -tive modeling method is shown to be more effective than the discriminative method.Conclusions: We find that it is possible to monitor online discussions to detect un -recognized drug side effects. The developed system is expected to serve as a com -plementary tool for drug companies and FDA to receive feedbacks from the patients, and it has the potentials to expedite the discovery process of unrecognized drug side effects and to improve the quality of healthcare.
SD-OCT Analysis of Regional Epithelial Thickness Profiles in Keratoconus, Postoperative Corneal Ectasia, and Normal Eyes
Authors: Rocha Karolinne Maia , Perez-Straziota E. , Stulting R. Doyle , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:
To assess corneal microarchitecture and regional epithelial thickness profile in eyes with keratoconus, postoperative corneal ectasia (ectasia), and normal unoperated eyes (controls) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

METHODS:
Regional corneal epithelial thickness profiles were measured with anterior segment SD-OCT (Optovue RTVue-100, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA). Epithelial thickness was assessed at 21 points, 0.5 mm apart, across the central 6-mm of the corneal apex in the horizontal and vertical meridians.

RESULTS:

One hundred twenty eyes were evaluated, including 49 eyes from 29 patients with keratoconus, 32 eyes from 16 patients with ectasia, and 39 eyes from 21 control patients. Average epithelial thickness at the corneal apex was 41.18 ± 6.47
μ
m (range: 30 to 51
μ
m) for keratoconus, 46.5 ± 6.72
μ
m for ectasia (range: 34 to 60
μ
m), and 50.45 ± 3.92
μ
m for controls (range: 42 to 55
μ
m). Apical epithelial thickness was significantly thinner in eyes with keratoconus (
P
< .0001) and ectasia (
P
= .0007) than in controls. Epithelial thickness ranges in all other areas varied widely for keratoconus (range: 21 to 101
μ
m) and ectasia (range: 30 to 82
μ
m) compared to controls (range: 43 to 64) (
P
= .0063).

CONCLUSION:
SD-OCT demonstrated significant central and regional epithelial thickness profile differences between keratoconus, ectasia, and control eyes, with significant variability and unpredictability in ectatic eyes. This regional irregularity may necessitate direct epithelial thickness measurement for treatments where underlying stromal variations may be clinically relevant, including corneal collagen cross-linking or topography-guided ablations.
CXCL9 Causes Heterologous Desensitization of CXCL12-Mediated Memory T Lymphocyte Activation
Authors: Giegold Oliver , Ogrissek Nadine , Richter Cornelia , Schröder Matthias , Herrero San Juan Martina , Pfeilschifter Josef M. , Radeke Heinfried H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 are primarily involved in memory Th1 cell–driven autoimmune diseases. Although recent studies in chronic inflammatory disease showed therapeutic success using combined blockade, details of CXCR3 and CXCR4 synergism are not understood. In this investigation, we intended to unravel the interaction of these chemokine receptors in static and dynamic cell-migration assays at both the cellular and molecular levels. Effects of combined stimulation by murine CXCL9 and CXCL12, ligands of CXCR3 and CXCR4, respectively, were analyzed using a murine central memory Th1 cell clone. Costimulation with CXCL9 desensitized the chemotaxis of Th1 cells toward CXCL12 by up to 54%. This effect was found in murine EL-4 cells, as well as in primary human T cells. Furthermore, under dynamic flow conditions CXCL12-induced crawling and endothelial transmigration of Th1 cells was desensitized by CXCL9. Subsequent experiments uncovered several molecular mechanisms underlying the heterologous cross-regulation of CXCR4 signaling by the CXCR3 ligand. CXCR4 surface expression was reduced, whereas CXCL12-induced Akt phosphorylation and intracellular Ca2+ signals were modulated. Moreover, blockade of Rac by NSC23766 revealed differential effects on CXCL12 and CXCL9 chemotaxis and abolished the desensitizing effect of CXCL9. The desensitization of CXCR4 via CXCR3 in memory Th1 cells suggests that their in vivo homeostasis, widely regulated by CXCL12, seemed to be significantly altered by CXCR3 ligands. Our data provide a more detailed understanding for the continuing extravasation and recruitment of Th1 lymphocytes into sites of persistent inflammation.
Class I Phosphoinositide-3-Kinases and Src Kinases Play a Nonredundant Role in Regulation of Adhesion-Independent and -Dependent Neutrophil Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
Authors: Fumagalli Laura , Campa Carlo C. , Germena Giulia , Lowell Clifford A. , Hirsch Emilio , Berton Giorgio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Chemoattractant-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by adherent neutrophils occurs in two phases: the first is very rapid and transient, and the second one is delayed and lasts up to 30–40 min. We examined the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and Src-family kinases (SFKs) in these responses using human neutrophils treated with inhibitory compounds or murine neutrophils deficient of PI3Kγ or Hck, Fgr, and Lyn. Our studies show that PI3Kγ is indispensable for the early, fMLF-induced ROS generation and AKT and ERK phosphorylation, but is dispensable for the late response to fMLF. Additionally, the response to TNF, an agonist triggering only the delayed phase of ROS generation, was also unaffected in PI3Kγ-deficient neutrophils. In contrast, inhibition of SFKs by a selective inhibitor in human, or SFK deficiency in murine, neutrophils resulted in the inhibition of both the early and late phase of ROS generation, without affecting the early phase of AKT phosphorylation, but inhibiting the late one. Selective inhibitors of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ markedly reduced both the early and late response to fMLF and TNF in human neutrophils. These findings suggest that class IA PI3Ks may be activated by PI3Kγ via Ras in the early phase of the response and by SFKs in the late phase. The evidence that inhibition of SFKs in human, or SFK deficiency in murine, neutrophils results in suppression of Vav phosphorylation at all time points of the response to fMLF or TNF suggests that SFKs are indispensable for Vav phosphorylation.
Quasi-Optimized Overlapping Schwarz Waveform Relaxation Algorithm for PDEs with Time-Delay
Authors: Wu Shu-Lin , Huang Ting-Zhu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSchwarz waveform relaxation (SWR) algorithm has been investigated deeply and widely for regular time dependent problems. But for time delay problems, complete analysis of the algorithm is rare. In this paper, by using the reaction diffusion equations with a constant discrete delay as the underlying model problem, we investigate the convergence behavior of the overlapping SWR algorithm with Robin transmission condition. The key point of using this transmission condition is to determine a free parameter as better as possible and it is shown that the best choice of the parameter is determined by the solution of a min-max problem, which is more complex than the one arising for regular problems without delay. We propose new notion to solve the min-max problem and obtain a quasi-optimized choice of the parameter, which is shown efficient to accelerate the convergence of the SWR algorithm. Numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical conclusions.
A Distributed Control Approach for the Boundary Optimal Control of the Steady MHD Equations
Authors: Bornia G. , Gunzburger M. , Manservisi S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new approach is presented for the boundary optimal control of the MHD equations in which the boundary control problem is transformed into an extended distributed control problem. This can be achieved by considering boundary controls in the form of lifting functions which extend from the boundary into the interior. The optimal solution is then sought by exploring all possible extended functions. This approach gives robustness to the boundary control algorithm which can be solved by standard distributed control techniques over the interior of the domain.