bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development of implantable CPW fed monopole U slot antenna at 2.45 GHz ISM band for biomedical applications
Authors: Kumar S. Ashok , Shanmuganantham T. , Sasikala G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this chapter, an implantable coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed monopole U Slot antenna at industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band for biomedical applications is proposed. The proposed antenna has a overall dimensions of 29 mm × 29 mm × 0.5 mm at the ISM band (2.4–2.48 GHz). The proposed antenna placed on human tissues like skin, fat, and muscle. The designed antenna is made compatible for implantation by embedding it on RT Duroid substrate and the 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 5.24% ranging from 2.35 to 2.5 GHz. Implantable CPW fed monopole slot antennas are being significantly used into implantable medical devices and RF, because of its merits like conformability, flexibility in design and shape and also it has biocompatibility, patient safety, miniaturization, power consumption etc. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1604–1608, 2015
Isolation enhancement of a wideband MIMO antenna using floating parasitic elements
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saeed , Capobianco Antonio‐Daniele , Shafique Muhammad Farhan , Ijaz Bilal , Naqvi Aftab , Braaten Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA Multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna array with two radiating elements having a wide bandwidth is reported in this work. Spatial diversity has been introduced to achieve the diversity gain and the array was kept compact by introducing five parasitic decoupling elements on the bottom of the substrate; each having a length equal to λ/2 at a specific frequency. Each resonant element offers a resonant bandwidth of 1 GHz starting from 3 GHz to 8.5 GHz. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results shows that the antenna system performs very well over the frequency range 3 GHz to 8.5 GHz. In addition, an isolation of more than 15 dB is achieved with the help of the parasitic elements, while keeping an edge‐to‐edge and center‐to‐center separation of 4 mm and 19 mm, respectively. The proposed antenna measures 26 × 40.5 mm2, and it is suitable for handheld devices, personal digital assistants, next generation home entertainment systems, and robots. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1677–1682, 2015
Modified calculation for input impedance of probe‐fed and inset‐fed rectangular microstrip antennas
Authors: Günel Tayfun 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn approach to the modified calculation for input impedance of inset‐fed rectangular microstrip antenna and probe‐fed rectangular microstrip antenna with variable air gap and varying aspect ratio is presented. To modify the expressions for the input impedances of the antennas, continuous parameter genetic algorithm (CPGA) has been used. The results obtained by CPGA for different antenna dimensions are compared with the experimental and theoretical results given in the literature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1650–1652, 2015
Novel dual‐band matching network for concurrent dual‐band power amplifier applications
Authors: Cheng Qian‐Fu , Fu Hai‐Peng , Zhu Shou‐Kui , Ma Jian‐Guo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel and simple dual‐band (DB) matching network (MN) consisting of a traditional single‐band MN with a DB stub‐loaded line‐based network in cascade. Design equations are presented, and design procedures are elaborated. The fabricated DB power amplifier achieves peak power added efficiency of 72 and 71.5% with output power of 41 and 40.1 dBm at 1.8 and 2.4 GHz, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1597–1600, 2015
Activation treatment of recipient oocytes affects the subsequent development and ploidy of bovine parthenogenetic and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos
Authors: Felmer R. , Arias M. E. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYWe evaluated the potential effect of anisomycin, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus, on the parthenogenetic activation of bovine oocytes and reconstructed somatic‐cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. A higher cleavage and blastocyst rate were achieved with anisomycin (70.3% and 27.8%) and 6‐dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) (73.3% and 30.2%), relative to oocytes parthenogenetically activated with cycloheximide (CHX) (54.1% and 20.2%). In reconstructed SCNT embryos, a greater proportion of embryos reached the blastocyst stage after anisomycin (32.2%) compared to DMAP (22.3%) and CHX (23.5%) treatment. Furthermore, the quality of embryos—assessed by the total number of cells and the inner cell mass‐to‐total‐cell ratio—was higher with anisomycin (166.2 ± 6.9 and 26.9 ± 1.9) compared to DMAP (135.0 ± 8.7 and 39.4 ± 3.5) and CHX (149.1 ± 8.4 and 36.3 ± 2.5), while a lower percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was observed with anisomycin compared to DMAP and CHX treatments, both in parthenotes (though not significant) and in SCNT embryos (P < 0.05). Therefore, anisomycin can enhance the in vitro developmental potential in parthenotes and reconstructed SCNT embryos, specifically improving the quality of SCNT embryos and decreasing the abnormal ploidy of parthenotes and SCNT embryos compared to the traditional protocols of chemical activation with DMAP and CHX. These results may have important implications for the success of reproductive technologies, including SCNT and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in different mammalian species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 441–449, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of skeletal muscle signal using a crusher coil: A human cardiac 31p‐MR spectroscopy study at 7 tesla
Authors: Schaller Benoit , Clarke William T. , Neubauer Stefan , Robson Matthew D. , Rodgers Christopher T. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeThe translation of sophisticated phosphorus MR spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) protocols to 7 Tesla (T) is particularly challenged by the issue of radiofrequency (RF) heating. Legal limits on RF heating make it hard to reliably suppress signals from skeletal muscle that can contaminate human cardiac 31P spectra at 7T. We introduce the first surface‐spoiling crusher coil for human cardiac 31P‐MRS at 7T.MethodsA planar crusher coil design was optimized with simulations and its performance was validated in phantoms. Crusher gradient pulses (100 μs) were then applied during human cardiac 31P‐MRS at 7T.ResultsIn a phantom, residual signals were 50 ± 10% with BISTRO (B1‐insensitive train to obliterate signal), and 34 ± 8% with the crusher coil. In vivo, residual signals in skeletal muscle were 49 ± 4% using BISTRO, and 24 ± 5% using the crusher coil. Meanwhile, in the interventricular septum, spectral quality and metabolite quantification did not differ significantly between BISTRO (phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate [PCr/ATP] = 2.1 ± 0.4) and the crusher coil (PCr/ATP = 1.8 ± 0.4). However, the specific absorption rate (SAR) decreased from 96 ± 1% of the limit (BISTRO) to 16 ± 1% (crusher coil).ConclusionA crusher coil is an SAR‐efficient alternative for selectively suppressing skeletal muscle during cardiac 31P‐MRS at 7T. A crusher coil allows the use of sequence modules that would have been SAR‐prohibitive, without compromising skeletal muscle suppression. Magn Reson Med 75:962–972, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society of Medicine in Resonance.
Pricing and inventory management during new product introduction when shortage creates hype
Authors: Chintapalli Prashant , Hazra Jishnu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, we analyze the joint pricing and inventory management during new product introduction when product shortage creates additional demand due to hype. We develop a two‐period model in which a firm launches its product at the beginning of the first period, before it observes sales in the two periods. The product is successful with an exogenous probability, or unsuccessful with the complementary probability. The hype in the second period is observed only when the product is successful. The firm learns the actual status of the product only after observing the first‐period demand. The firm must decide the stocking level and price of the product jointly at the beginning of each of the two periods. In this article, we derive some structural properties of the optimal prices and inventory levels, and show that (i) firms do not always exploit hype, (ii) firms do not always increase the price of a successful product in the second period, (iii) firms may price out an unsuccessful product in the first period if the success probability is above a threshold, and (iv) such a threshold probability is decreasing in the first‐period market potential of the successful product. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 304–320, 2015
Bioreducible hyperbranched polyglycerols with disulfide linkages: Synthesis and biocompatibility evaluation
Authors: Shenoi Rajesh A. , Chafeeva Irina , Lai Benjamin F. L. , Horte Sonja , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we describe the development of multifunctional, water‐soluble hyperbranched polyglycerols containing redox‐sensitive disulfide linkages as a new class of biodegradable polymers. The polymers were synthesized by the anionic ring opening multibranching (co)polymerization of glycidol with an epoxide monomer bearing disulfide groups, 2‐((2‐oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy)ethyl)disulfanyl) ethan‐1‐ol. Polymerizations were optimized at 65 °C unlike the homopolymerization of glycidol. Both low (5–10 kDa) and high (100 kDa) molecular weight polymers were synthesized in a controlled manner with low polydispersity. The polymers underwent degradation in presence of reducing agents such as tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine, dithiothreitol, and glutathione resulting in low molecular weight fragments with thiol groups. Blood compatibility analysis using coagulation, platelet activation, complement activation and red blood cell lysis assays as well as cell toxicity analysis using MTS assay revealed the excellent biocompatibility of these newly synthesized polymer architectures. All these features make these polymers suitable for intracellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2104–2115
The protein interactome of collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP2/DPYSL2) reveals novel partner proteins in brain tissue
Authors: Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel , Cassoli Juliana S. , Nascimento Juliana M. , Hensley Kenneth , Guest Paul C. , Pinzon‐Velasco Andres M. , Turck Christoph W. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeCollapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP2) is a CNS protein involved in neuronal development, axonal and neuronal growth, cell migration, and protein trafficking. Recent studies have linked perturbations in CRMP2 function to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, and Batten disease, and to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Like most proteins, CRMP2 functions though interactions with a molecular network of proteins and other molecules.Experimental designHere, we have attempted to identify additional proteins of the CRMP2 interactome to provide further leads about its roles in neurological functions. We used a combined co‐immunoprecipitation and shotgun proteomic approach in order to identify CRMP2 protein partners.ResultsWe identified 78 CRMP2 protein partners not previously reported in public protein interaction databases. These were involved in seven biological processes, which included cell signaling, growth, metabolism, trafficking, and immune function, according to Gene Ontology classifications. Furthermore, 32 different molecular functions were found to be associated with these proteins, such as RNA binding, ribosomal functions, transporter activity, receptor activity, serine/threonine phosphatase activity, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal protein binding and catalytic activity. In silico pathway interactome construction revealed a highly connected network with the most overrepresented functions corresponding to semaphorin interactions, along with axon guidance and WNT5A signaling.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTaken together, these findings suggest that the CRMP2 pathway is critical for regulating neuronal and synaptic architecture. Further studies along these lines might uncover novel biomarkers and drug targets for use in drug discovery.
Building blocks of the cerebral cortex: from development to the dish
Authors: Harris James , Tomassy Giulio Srubek , Arlotta Paola 
Published: April 2015

Since Ramon y Cajal's examination of the cellular makeup of the cerebral cortex, it has been appreciated that this tissue exhibits some of the greatest degrees of cellular heterogeneity in the entire nervous system. This intricate structure emerges during a well‐choreographed developmental process. Here, we review current classifications of the cellular constituents of the cerebral cortex and examine how these building blocks are forged during development. We also look at how basic developmental features underlying cortex formation in vivo have been applied to protocols aimed at generating cortical tissue in vitro. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:529–544. doi: 10.1002/wdev.192This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion
Analysis of the Reasons for Non‐Uptake of Predictive Testing for Huntington's Disease in Spain: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rivera‐Navarro Jesús , Cubo Esther , Mariscal Natividad 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChildren of persons affected by Huntington's disease (HD) have a 50% chance of inheriting the disease. Genetic testing in Spain is offered to individuals (presymptomatic test) or mothers of fetuses (prenatal) who run the risk of suffering from HD. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the decisions of adult children of persons affected with HD regarding predictive testing. A qualitative research methodology was used involving 4 focus groups (FGs) made up of adult children of persons with HD in different cities in Spain. The results of the study showed that over half of the focus group participants were inclined to decline genetic testing. The main explanatory determinants for taking or not taking the predictive test are: Maturity of the individual at risk, which was directly related to age; Ability to cope with a positive test result; Experience of living with HD sufferers; Information about testing and psychological support; Attitude of the family; Social visibility of genetic testing; Personality and temperament of each subject at risk of HD. These results imply that these factors should be analyzed in more detail in quantitative studies in order to help the Spanish Department of Health understand why some children of parents with HD decline genetic testing, so that they may and apply these data when creating specific policy regarding this issue.
What Factors are Associated with a Second Opioid Prescription after Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures with a Volar Locking Plate?
Authors: Teunis Teun , Stoop Nicky , Park Christine J. , Ring David 
Published: April 2015

Purpose Knowledge of factors associated with patient's requests for a second opioid prescription after volar plate fixation of a fracture of the distal radius might inform better pain management protocols and encourage decreased and safer use of opioids. This study tested the primary null hypothesis that there is no difference in demographics, prior opioid prescriptions, injury characteristics, and psychological factors between patients that do and do not receive a second opioid prescription following treatment volar locking plate after distal radius fracture. Patients and Methods We used data on 206 patients enrolled in one of two prospective studies. Their mean age was 53 years±SD 15, and 60 (30 %) were men. Forty-seven (23 %) patients received a second opioid prescription. We recorded additional demographics, AO fracture type, American Society for Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, radiographic parameters at the time of injury prior to reduction and after surgery, and catastrophic thinking. Results Male sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.0–4.6, partial pseudo R2=0.018, p=0.044) and greater dorsal angulation of the articular surface on the lateral post injury radiograph (OR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.96 to 1.0, partial pseudo R2=0.033, p=0.040) were associated with a second opioid prescription after surgery (pseudo R2 0.12, p=0.0071). Conclusions One measure of fracture severity (dorsal displacement) was independently associated with a second opioid prescription, but alone it accounted for 3.3 % of the variation. Other factors such as the patient's expectation prior to surgery, in particular the realization that injury and surgery hurt, might be addressed in future research. Level of Evidence Prognostic II
Development of Al-B-C Master Alloy Under External Fields
Authors: Joshi Utsavi , VadakkeMadam Sreekumar , Eskin Dmitry G. , Nadendla Hari Babu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study investigates the application of external fields in the development of an Al-B-C alloy, with the aim of synthesizing in situ Al3BC particles. A combination of ultrasonic cavitation and distributive mixing was applied for uniform dispersion of insoluble graphite particles in the Al melt, improving their wettability and its subsequent incorporation into the Al matrix. Lower operating temperatures facilitated the reduction in the amount of large clusters of reaction phases, with Al3BC being identified as the main phase in XRD analysis. The distribution of Al3BC particles was quantitatively evaluated. Grain refinement experiments reveal that Al-B-C alloy can act as a master alloy for Al-4Cu and AZ91D alloys, with average grain size reduction around 50 pct each at 1 wt pctAl-1.5B-2C additions.
A direct numerical simulation study of interface propagation in homogeneous turbulence
Authors: Yu R. , Bai X.-S. , Lipatnikov A. N. 
Published: April 2015

A 3D direct numerical simulation (DNS) study of the evolution of a self-propagating interface in forced constant-density statistically stationary homogeneous isotropic turbulence was performed by solving Navier–Stokes and level-set equations under a wide range of conditions that cover various (from 0.1 to 2.0) ratios of the interface speed $S_{L}$ to the r.m.s. turbulent velocity $U^{\prime }$ and various (50, 100 and 200) turbulent Reynolds numbers$\mathit{Re}$. By analysing computed data, the following issues were addressed: (i) dependence of the speed and thickness of the fully developed statistically planar mean front that envelops the interface on$U^{\prime }/S_{L}$and$\mathit{Re}$, (ii) dependence of the fully developed mean turbulent flux of a scalar$c$that characterizes the state of the fluid ($c=0$and 1 ahead and behind the interface respectively) on$U^{\prime }/S_{L}$and$\mathit{Re}$, (iii) evolution of the mean front speed, its thickness, and the mean scalar flux during the front development after embedding a planar interface into the forced turbulence and (iv) relation between canonical and conditioned moments of the velocity, velocity gradient and pressure gradient fields.
Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via enhancing hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in rats fed with a high-fat diet
Authors: Xu Li , Huang Danping , Hu Qiaolin , Wu Jing , Wang Yizhen , Feng Jie 
Published: April 2015

To assess the effects of betaine on hepatic lipid accumulation and investigate the underlying mechanism, thirty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 100 (sd2·50) g were divided into four groups, and started on one of four treatments: basal diet, basal diet with betaine administration, high-fat diet and high-fat diet with betaine administration. The results showed that no significant difference of body weight was found among experimental groups. Compared with high-fat diet-fed rats, a betaine supplementation decreased (P< 0·05) hepatic TAG accumulation induced by high-fat diet, which was also supported by hepatic histology results. Additionally, hepatic betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase activity as well as its mRNA abundance and lecithin level were found increased (P< 0·05) by betaine supplementation in both basal diet-fed rats and high-fat diet-fed rats. Betaine administration in high-fat diet-fed rats exhibited a higher (P< 0·05) activity of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) compared with high-fat diet-fed rats. High-fat diet inhibited (P< 0·05) the gene expression of hepaticPPARαandCPT1. However, betaine administration in high-fat diet-fed rats elevated (P< 0·05) the gene expression ofPPARαandCPT1. Moreover, concentration, gene and protein expressions of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were increased (P< 0·05) in response to betaine administration in high-fat diet group; meanwhile the gene expression of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase was increased (P< 0·05) as well. The results suggest that betaine administration enhanced hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in high-fat diet-fed rats, thus effectively alleviating fat accumulation in the liver.
Comparison of fermentation characteristics and bacterial diversity in the rumen of sheep and in batch cultures of rumen microorganisms
Authors: MATEOS I. , RANILLA M. J. , SARO C. , CARRO M. D. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to assess how closely batch cultures (BC) of rumen microorganisms can mimic the dietary differences in fermentation characteristics found in the rumen, and to analyse changes in bacterial diversity over the in vitro incubation period. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated sheep were fed four diets having forage : concentrate ratios (FCR) of 70 : 30 or 30 : 70, with either alfalfa hay or grass hay as forage. Rumen fluid from each sheep was used to inoculate BC containing the same diet fed to the donor sheep, and the main rumen fermentation parameters were determined after 24 h of incubation. There were differences between BC and sheep in the magnitude of most measured parameters, but BC detected differences among diets due to forage type similar to those found in sheep. In contrast, BC did not reproduce the dietary differences due to FCR found in sheep for pH, degradability of neutral detergent fibre and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. There were differences between systems in the magnitude of most determined parameters and BC showed higher pH values and NH3–N concentrations, but lower fibre degradability and VFA and lactate concentrations compared with sheep. There were significant relationships between in vivo and in vitro values for molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate, and the acetate : propionate ratio. The automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid showed that FCR had no effect on bacterial diversity either in the sheep rumen fluid used as inoculum (IN) or in BC samples. In contrast, bacterial diversity was greater with alfalfa hay diets than those with grass hay in the IN, but was unaffected by forage type in the BC. Similarity index between the bacterial communities in the inocula and those in the BC ranged from 67·2 to 74·7%, and was unaffected by diet characteristics. Bacterial diversity was lower in BC than in the inocula with 14 peaks out of a total of 181 detected in the ARISA electropherograms never appearing in BC samples, which suggests that incubation conditions in the BC may have caused a selection of some bacterial strains. However, each BC sample showed the highest similarity index with its corresponding rumen IN, which highlights the importance of using rumen fluid from donors fed a diet similar to that being incubated in BC when conducting in vitro experiments.