bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Experience and the Course of Eating Disorders in Patients on Partial Hospitalization: A Pilot Study
Authors: Soler Joaquim , Soriano José , Ferraz Liliana , Grasa Eva , Carmona Cristina , Portella Maria J. , Seto Victoria , Alvarez Enric , Pérez Víctor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAwareness of sensory experience in the present moment is central to mindfulness practice. This type of information processing, in contrast to an analytical evaluative style of processing, could be more beneficial for the course of those psychiatric disorders characterized by ruminative and content‐centred processing, such as eating disorders (EDs). We performed a pilot study to assess the relation between patients' approach to information processing and the duration and severity of EDs. Fifty‐seven patients with a diagnosed ED were included in the study and participated in a self‐guided eating activity to asses the primary information processing mode based on mindfulness concepts of ‘Direct Experience’ and ‘Thinking About’. Additionally, dispositional mindfulness was assessed by the Five Factors Mindfulness Questionnaire, and anxiety during the experiment was determined by means of a 10‐point visual analogue scale. We found that a higher level of self‐reported Direct Experience was inversely associated with several severity variables and with anxiety levels. Direct Experience was predicted by a low anxiety level, less severe illness, and higher scores on one mindfulness facet (Observing). Our results suggest that a Direct Experience processing approach is associated with better ED outcomes. Future studies should be carried out to clarify the repercussion of mindfulness training on EDs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Achieving high diversity and multiplexing gains in the asynchronous parallel relay network
Authors: Dai Mingjun , Wan Sung Chi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA single source‐destination pair communicating via a layer of parallel relay nodes under quasi‐static slow fading environment is investigated. The time delays from the source to the destination via different relays are assumed to be different. For such an asynchronous environment, a new transmission scheme is constructed so as to achieve better diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). More specifically, both the source and the destination adopts orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique to solve the asynchronous problem; the relays cooperatively apply the distributed generalised complex orthogonal design, a form of orthogonal space–time coding, for high‐rate transmission. Each relay is assumed to use the adaptive amplify‐and‐forward relaying strategy. To optimise its outage performance, a distributed on‐off power control rule applied to the relays is analytically derived and is proved to yield full spatial diversity order. Compared with an existing protocol, our proposed scheme is shown to achieve the same DMT when there are four relay nodes and better DMT when there are more. Besides, the DMT gap between our scheme and the existing one increases with the number of relay nodes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variation in the lipoxygenase pathway and risk of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Kleinstein Sarah E. , Heath Laura , Makar Karen W. , Poole Elizabeth M. , Seufert Brenna L. , Slattery Martha L. , Xiao Liren , Duggan David J. , Hsu Li , Curtin Karen , Koepl Lisel , Muehling Jill , Taverna Darin , Caan Bette J. , Carlson Christopher S. , Potter John D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractArachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammation‐associated diseases. We investigated associations between colorectal cancer risk and polymorphisms in ALOX5, FLAP, ALOX12, and ALOX15, and their interactions with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. We genotyped fifty tagSNPs, one candidate SNP, and two functional promoter variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in three US population‐based case‐control studies of colon cancer (1,424 cases/1,780 controls), rectal cancer (583 cases/775 controls), and colorectal adenomas (485 cases/578 controls). Individuals with variant genotypes of the ALOX5 VNTR had a decreased risk of rectal cancer, with the strongest association seen for individuals with one or more alleles of >5 repeats (wild type = 5, OR>5/≥5 = 0.42, 95% CI 0.20–0.92; P = 0.01). Four SNPs in FLAP (rs17239025), ALOX12 (rs2073438), and ALOX15 (rs4796535 and rs2619112) were associated with rectal cancer risk at P ≤ 0.05. One SNP in FLAP (rs12429692) was associated with adenoma risk. A false discovery rate (FDR) was applied to account for false positives due to multiple testing; the ALOX15 associations were noteworthy at 25% FDR. Colorectal neoplasia risk appeared to be modified by NSAID use in individuals with variant alleles in FLAP and ALOX15. One noteworthy interaction (25% FDR) was observed for rectal cancer. Genetic variability in ALOXs may affect risk of colorectal neoplasia, particularly for rectal cancer. Additionally, genetic variability in FLAP and ALOX15 may modify the protective effect of NSAID use against colorectal neoplasia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpreting Joint SNP Analysis Results: When Are Two Distinct Signals Really Two Distinct Signals?
Authors: Schwantes‐An Tae‐Hwi , Culverhouse Robert , Duan Weimin , Ramnarine Shelina , Rice John P. , Saccone Nancy L. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn genetic association studies, much effort has focused on moving beyond the initial single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐by‐SNP analysis. One approach is to reanalyze a chromosomal region where an association has been detected, jointly analyzing the SNP thought to best represent that association with each additional SNP in the region. Such joint analyses may help identify additional, statistically independent association signals. However, it is possible for a single genetic effect to produce joint SNP results that would typically be interpreted as two distinct effects (e.g., both SNPs are significant in the joint model). We present a general approach that can (1) identify conditions under which a single variant could produce a given joint SNP result, and (2) use these conditions to identify variants from a list of known SNPs (e.g., 1000 Genomes) as candidates that could produce the observed signal. We apply this method to our previously reported joint result for smoking involving rs16969968 and rs588765 in CHRNA5. We demonstrate that it is theoretically possible for a joint SNP result suggestive of two independent signals to be produced by a single causal variant. Furthermore, this variant need not be highly correlated with the two tested SNPs or have a large odds ratio. Our method aids in interpretation of joint SNP results by identifying new candidate variants for biological causation that would be missed by traditional approaches. Also, it can connect association findings that may seem disparate due to lack of high correlations among the associated SNPs.
Low‐volume intraplate volcanism in the Early/Middle Jurassic Pacific basin documented by accreted sequences in Costa Rica
Authors: Buchs David M. , Pilet Sébastien , Cosca Michael , Flores Kennet E. , Bandini Alexandre N. , Baumgartner Peter O. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCountless seamounts occur on Earth that can provide important constraints on intraplate volcanism and plate tectonics in the oceans, yet their nature and origin remain poorly known due to difficulties in investigating the deep ocean. We present here new lithostratigraphic, age and geochemical data from Lower/Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sequences in the Santa Rosa accretionary complex, Costa Rica, which offer a valuable opportunity to study a small‐sized seamount from a subducted plate segment of the Pacific basin. The seamount is characterized by very unusual lithostratigraphic sequences with sills of potassic alkaline basalt emplaced within thick beds of radiolarite, basaltic breccia and hyaloclastite. An integration of new geochemical, biochronological and geochronological data with lithostratigraphic observations suggests that the seamount formed ~175 Ma ago on thick oceanic crust away from subduction zones and mid‐ocean ridges. This seamount traveled ~65 Ma in the Pacific before accretion. It resembles lithologically and compositionally “petit‐spot” volcanoes found off Japan, which form in response to plate flexure near subduction zones. Also, the composition of the sills and lava flows in the accreted seamount closely resembles that of potassic alkaline basalts produced by lithosphere cracking along the Line Islands chain. We hypothesize based on these observations, petrological constraints and formation of the accreted seamount coeval with the early stages of development of the Pacific plate that the seamount formed by extraction of small volumes of melt from the base of the lithosphere in response to propagating fractures at the scale of the Pacific basin.
Superhydrophobic amine functionalized aerogels as sorbents for CO2 capture
Authors: Begag Redouane , Krutka Holly , Dong Wenting , Mihalcik David , Rhine Wendell , Gould George , Baldic Jeff , Nahass Paul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAspen Aerogels has developed a novel solid sorbent for CO2 capture using amine functionalized aerogel (AFA) that has demonstrated a lower specific heat capacity (0.7–1.1 J/g·K) than aqueous amines (∼4.2 J/g·K). In addition, the AFA material has very high surface area (430–792 m2/g), excellent stability over many adsorption/regeneration cycles, and high steam resistance. CO2 adsorption capacity, kinetics, and cycling stability of the newly developed AFA materials are presented. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Abandoned well CO2 leakage mitigation using biologically induced mineralization: current progress and future directions
Authors: Cunningham Alfred B. , Lauchnor Ellen , Eldring Joe , Esposito Richard , Mitchell Andrew C. , Gerlach Robin , Phillips Adrienne J. , Ebigbo Anozie , Spangler Lee H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMethods of mitigating leakage or re‐plugging abandoned wells before exposure to CO2are of high potential interest to prevent leakage of CO2 injected for geologic carbon sequestration in depleted oil and gas reservoirs where large numbers of abandoned wells are often present. While CO2resistant cements and ultrafine cements are being developed, technologies that can be delivered via low viscosity fluids could have significant advantages including the ability to plug small aperture leaks such as fractures or delamination interfaces. Additionally there is the potential to plug rock formation pore space around the wellbore in particularly problematic situations. We are carrying out research on the use of microbial biofilms capable of inducing the precipitation of crystalline calcium carbonate using the process of ureolysis. This method has the potential to reduce well bore permeability, coat cement to reduce CO2–related corrosion, and lower the risk of unwanted upward CO2 migration. In this spotlight, we highlight research currently underway at the Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE) at Montana State University (MSU) in the area of ureolytic biomineralization sealing for reducing CO2 leakage risk. This research program combines two novel core testing systems and a 3‐dimensional simulation model to investigate biomineralization under both radial and axial flow conditions and at temperatures and pressures which permit CO2 to exist in the supercritical state.This combination of modelling and experimentation is ultimately aimed at developing and verifying biomineralization sealing technologies and strategies which can successfully be applied at the field scale for carbon capture and geological storage (CCGS) projects. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The role of enhanced oil recovery for carbon capture, use, and storage
Authors: Kuuskraa Vello 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVello Kuuskraa is President of Advanced Resources International, an oil and gas technology consultancy. He has over 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry and is a recognized expert on the technologies of unconventional oil and gas resources, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration. Sarah Watson caught up with Vello Kuuskraa at the 11th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies in Kyoto Japan and spoke to him about EOR and the role he feels EOR has to play in carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS).
Terrestrial effects of possible astrophysical sources of an AD 774‐775 increase in 14C production
Authors: Thomas Brian C. , Melott Adrian L. , Arkenberg Keith R. , Snyder Brock R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe examine possible sources of a substantial increase in tree ring 14C measurements for the years AD 774‐775. Contrary to claims regarding a coronal mass ejection (CME), the required CME energy is not several orders of magnitude greater than known solar events. We consider solar proton events (SPEs) with three different fluences and two different spectra. The data may be explained by an event with fluence about one order of magnitude beyond the October 1989 SPE. Two hard spectrum cases considered here result in moderate ozone depletion, so no mass extinction is implied, though we do predict increases in erythema and damage to plants from enhanced solar UV. We are able to rule out an event with a very soft spectrum that causes severe ozone depletion and subsequent biological impacts. Nitrate enhancements are consistent with their apparent absence in ice core data. The modern technological implications of such an event may be extreme, and considering recent confirmation of superflares on solar‐type stars, this issue merits attention.
Can the 2011 East African drought be attributed to human‐induced climate change?
Authors: Lott Fraser C. , Christidis Nikolaos , Stott Peter A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study applies the technique of event attribution to the East African rainy seasons preceding the drought of 2011. Using observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and sea ice conditions with a state‐of‐the‐art atmosphere model, the precipitation totals during late 2010 (the “short rains”) and early 2011 (the “long rains”) were simulated hundreds of times to produce possible distributions of precipitation. Alternative distributions of precipitation were produced, consistent with a world with neither anthropogenic forcings nor human influence on SSTs and sea ice. Comparing these modeled distributions to the observed rainfall, no evidence was found for human influence on the 2010 short rains, with their failure being affected by La Niña. However, human influence was found to increase the probability of long rains as dry as, or drier than, 2011. The magnitude of increase in probability depends on the estimated pattern by which human influence changed observed SSTs.
Decadal predictability of tropical basin average and global average sea surface temperatures in CMIP5 experiments with the HadCM3, GFDL‐CM2.1, NCAR‐CCSM4, and MIROC5 global Earth System Models
Authors: Mehta Vikram M. , Wang Hui , Mendoza Katherin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper describes initial results from a broadscale study to assess decadal climate hindcast skills of the HadCM3, GFDL‐CM2.1, NCAR‐CCSM4, and MIROC5 global Earth System Models (ESMs) in experiments conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. Analyses of decadal hindcast and simulation experiments using historical aerosol optical depths show statistically significant decadal predictability skill of global average and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during 1961–2010. The skill, however, varies by averaging region and decade. It was also found that volcanic eruptions influence SSTs and are one of the sources of decadal SST hindcast skill. In the actual climate system, however, volcanic eruptions themselves are not predictable, and therefore, their effects on the climate system can only be predicted after eruptions. In the four ESMs utilized in this study, decadal hindcast skills of SST anomalies over ocean basin size averaging regions generally improve due to model initialization with observed data.
Extracting seismic core phases with array interferometry
Authors: Lin Fan‐Chi , Tsai Victor C. , Schmandt Brandon , Duputel Zacharie , Zhan Zhongwen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSeismic body waves that sample Earth's core are indispensable for studying the most remote regions of the planet. Traditional core phase studies rely on well‐defined earthquake signals, which are spatially and temporally limited. We show that, by stacking ambient‐noise cross‐correlations between USArray seismometers, body wave phases reflected off the outer core (ScS), and twice refracted through the inner core (PKIKP2) can be clearly extracted. Temporal correlation between the amplitude of these core phases and global seismicity suggests that the signals originate from distant earthquakes and emerge due to array interferometry. Similar results from a seismic array in New Zealand demonstrate that our approach is applicable in other regions and with fewer station pairs. Extraction of core phases by interferometry can significantly improve the spatial sampling of the deep Earth because the technique can be applied anywhere broadband seismic arrays exist.
Hippocampal lesions produce both nongraded and temporally graded retrograde amnesia in the same rat
Authors: Winocur Gordon , Sekeres Melanie J. , Binns Malcolm A. , Moscovitch Morris 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRats were administered contextual fear conditioning and trained on a water‐maze, spatial memory task 28 days or 24 h before undergoing hippocampal lesion or control surgery. When tested postoperatively on both tasks, rats with hippocampal lesions exhibited retrograde amnesia for spatial memory at both delays but temporally graded retrograde amnesia for the contextual fear response. In demonstrating both types of retrograde amnesia in the same animals, the results parallel similar observations in human amnesics with hippocampal damage and provide compelling evidence that the nature of the task and the type of information being accessed are crucial factors in determining the pattern of retrograde memory loss associated with hippocampal damage. The results are interpreted as consistent with our transformation hypothesis (Winocur et al. (2010a) Neuropsychologia 48:2339–2356; Winocur and Moscovitch (2011) J Int Neuropsychol Soc 17:766–780) and at variance with standard consolidation theory and other theoretical models of memory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of ultrastructure and collagen composition of the teratoma membrane: Comparison to the amniotic membrane
Authors: Kim Kyung Sook , Cho Chang‐Hoon , Kim Young‐Sun , Yoon Kyung‐Sik , Jung Min‐Hyung , Park Hun‐Kuk 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe structural and morphological properties of the teratoma membrane were investigated to better understand the pathogenesis of ovarian teratomas. A mature cystic teratoma and amnion were obtained from patients who underwent laparoscopic cystectomy and uncomplicated delivery, respectively. The teratoma membrane was divided into three layers according to the results of the histological analysis. Each layer showed distinct morphological properties, including an outer layer that was uniformly arranged, a middle layer with an irregular pattern of fibers, and an inner layer that was structurally dense with a wavy pattern of fibers. The morphology of the layers of the amniotic membrane was the reverse that of the teratoma membrane. In the teratoma membrane, the outer layer was primarily composed of type III collagen and the inner layer had a large amount of type III and IV collagen. The amniotic membrane showed a small amount of type III collagen in the outer layer, whereas the inner layer had large amounts of type I, III, and IV collagen. In the teratoma membrane, the collagen fibrils were arranged regularly in the outer layer, but irregularly in the inner layer. In the amniotic membrane, the arrangement of collagen fibrils was the reverse that of the teratoma membrane. Additionally, the collagen fibrils in the teratoma membrane were thinner than those of the amniotic membrane and had slightly shorter d‐spacing. Two membranes showed the differences in collagen fibril arrangement, which may caused by the different functional roles. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:432–441, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A microstructural study of gallbladder stones using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Qiao Tie , MA Rui‐Hong , Luo Xiao‐Bing , Luo Zhen‐Liang , Zheng Pei‐Ming , Yang Liu‐Qing 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to describe the microstructure of different types of gallbladder stones to better understand the basis of gallbladder stone formation. Methods: Gallbladder stones from 387 patients with cholecystolithiasis were first analyzed by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy to identify the type of the gallbladder stone, and they were then examined using scanning electron microscopy to define their microstructure. Results: Cholesterol stones were mainly composed of plate‐like or lamellar cholesterol crystals stacked tightly in a radial, cord‐like, or irregular staggered arrangement. A small number of bilirubinate particles were seen occasionally. Pigment stones were mainly composed of loosely arranged bilirubinate particles with different shapes (sphere‐like, clumping‐like, or amorphous). Calcium carbonate stones were composed of calcium carbonate crystals having many shapes (bulbiform, ellipsoid, fagot‐shaped, fusiform, hawthorn‐shaped, cuboid, button‐shaped, lamellar, broken firewood‐shaped, rod‐shaped, acicular, or crushed sugar cane‐shaped). Bulbiform shaped crystals were the most common. Phosphate stones were mainly composed of different sized echin‐sphere‐like or rough bulbiform crystals. Bilirubinate particles were always adherent. Calcium stearate stones usually had a network structure with adherent bilirubinate particles. Protein stones usually had a honeycomb or chrysanthemum petal‐like structure. Cystine stones were composed of hexagonal cystine crystals, some of which had prominent edges. Mixed stones presented different shapes according to their mixed components. Conclusion: Different types of gallbladder stones had characteristic shapes and elements. This study provides an objective basis for further research regarding gallbladder stone formation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:443–452, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.