bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns of plant root colonization intensity by mycorrhizal fungi explained by climate and soil chemistry
Authors: Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Douma Jacob C. , Akhmetzhanova Asem A. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Cornwell William K. , Moens Esther J. , Treseder Kathleen K. , Tibbett Mark , Wang Ying‐Ping , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimMost vascular plants on Earth form mycorrhizae, a symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi. Despite the broad recognition of the importance of mycorrhizae for global carbon and nutrient cycling, we do not know how soil and climate variables relate to the intensity of colonization of plant roots by mycorrhizal fungi. Here we quantify the global patterns of these relationships.LocationGlobal.MethodsData on plant root colonization intensities by the two dominant types of mycorrhizal fungi world‐wide, arbuscular (4887 plant species in 233 sites) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (125 plant species in 92 sites), were compiled from published studies. Data for climatic and soil factors were extracted from global datasets. For a given mycorrhizal type, we calculated at each site the mean root colonization intensity by mycorrhizal fungi across all potentially mycorrhizal plant species found at the site, and subjected these data to generalized additive model regression analysis with environmental factors as predictor variables.ResultsWe show for the first time that at the global scale the intensity of plant root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strongly relates to warm‐season temperature, frost periods and soil carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio, and is highest at sites featuring continental climates with mild summers and a high availability of soil nitrogen. In contrast, the intensity of ectomycorrhizal infection in plant roots is related to soil acidity, soil carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio and seasonality of precipitation, and is highest at sites with acidic soils and relatively constant precipitation levels.Main conclusionsWe provide the first quantitative global maps of intensity of mycorrhizal colonization based on environmental drivers, and suggest that environmental changes will affect distinct types of mycorrhizae differently. Future analyses of the potential effects of environmental change on global carbon and nutrient cycling via mycorrhizal pathways will need to take into account the relationships discovered in this study.
A latitudinal gradient in tree community assembly processes evidenced in Chinese forests
Authors: Qiao Xiujuan , Jabot Franck , Tang Zhiyao , Jiang Mingxi , Fang Jingyun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimMost studies on latitudinal gradients of biodiversity have focused on gradients of species richness. Here we aim to test whether, on top of these strong diversity gradients, processes of community assembly vary along a latitudinal gradient of more than 33°.LocationChina, latitude 18.67–51.86° N.MethodsWe used species abundance distribution (SAD) data collected in 32 forest tree plots, and fitted a non‐neutral model of community assembly to these SADs. We then calculated the fitted deviation from neutrality, δ, and looked for correlations between δ and geographical and environmental data.ResultsThe fitted parameter δ was positive in most plots, and was furthermore positively correlated with latitude and negatively with temperature, indicating a less even abundance distribution and a likely increase in the strength of environmental filtering in regions further from the tropics and with decreasing temperatures. These results imply that on top of reducing the species richness, cold temperature may impact community assembly processes by strengthening local environmental filtering.Main conclusionsOur results suggest a latitudinal gradient in tree community assembly process in Chinese forests, in which deviations from neutrality increase with latitude, probably because of an increase in environmental harshness.
Experimental investigation of carbon dioxide trapping due to capillary retention in saline aquifers
Authors: Li X. , Akbarabadi M. , Karpyn Z. T. , Piri M. , Bazilevskaya E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCapillary trapping is a physical mechanism by which carbon dioxide (CO2) is naturally immobilized in the pore spaces of aquifer rocks during geologic carbon sequestration operations, and thus a key aspect of estimating geologic storage potential. Here, we studied capillary trapping of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), and the effect of initial scCO2 saturation and flow rate on the storage/trapping potential of Berea sandstone. We performed two‐phase, scCO2‐brine displacements in two samples, each subject to four sequential drainage–imbibition core‐flooding cycles to quantify end‐point saturations of scCO2 with the aid of micro‐ and macro‐computed tomography imaging. From these experiments, we found that between 51% and 75% of the initial CO2 injected can be left behind after the brine injection. We also observed that the initial scCO2 saturation influenced the residual scCO2 saturation to a greater extent than the rate of brine injection under the experimental conditions examined. In spite of differences in the experimental conditions tested, as well as those reported in the literature, initial and residual saturations were found to follow a consistent relationship.
Groundwater Drift as a Tracer for Identifying Sources of Spring Discharge
Authors: Mori Nataša , Kanduč Tjaša , Opalički Slabe Maja , Brancelj Anton 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGroundwater invertebrate drift, collected from the spring outlets at the interface of vadose and phreatic zones, has been examined for its potential for identifying sources of discharge from a karst aquifer. Concurrently, major ion geochemistry, dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC), particulate organic carbon (δ13CPOC), and naturally occurring stable isotopes of oxygen and tritium (δ18O, 3H) were investigated over a period of 1 year in two outlets, a temporary (TS) and a perennial (PS) spring. A few differences in major ion geochemistry and stable isotope composition were found between the two springs together with moderate seasonal variability. In contrast, invertebrate drift showed clear differences between TS and PS springs in density and composition. Canonical correspondence analysis showed the presence of two distinct groups of samples from TS and PS, with Ca2+ as the only significant explanatory variable for differences in drift composition. Finally, certain species from the drift were found to be useful tracers for distinguishing between the phreatic and the epikarst and vadose zones as the origin of spring water.
Groundwater Quality Modeling with a Small Data Set
Authors: Sakizadeh Mohamad , Malian Abbass , Ahmadpour Eisa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeventeen groundwater quality variables collected during an 8‐year period (2006 to 2013) in Andimeshk, Iran, were used to implement an artificial neural network (NN) with the purpose of constructing a water quality index (WQI). The method leading to theWQIavoids instabilities and overparameterization, two problems common when working with relatively small data sets. The groundwater quality variables used to construct theWQIwere selected based on principal component analysis (PCA) by which the number of variables were decreased to six. To fulfill the goals of this study, the performance of three methods (1) bootstrap aggregation with early stopping; (2) noise injection; and (3) ensemble averaging with early stopping was compared. The criteria used for performance analysis was based on mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) of the test data set and the correlation coefficients between WQI targets and NN predictions. This study confirmed the importance of PCA for variable selection and dimensionality reduction to reduce the risk of overfitting. Ensemble averaging with early stopping proved to be the best performed method. Owing to its high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.80) and correlation coefficient (r=0.91), we recommended ensemble averaging with early stopping as an accurate NN modeling procedure for water quality prediction in similar studies.
TLR8 gene polymorphism and association in bacterial load in southern Punjab of Pakistan: an association study with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Bukhari M. , Aslam M. A. , Khan A. , Iram Q. , Akbar A. , Naz A. G. , Ahmad S. , Ahmad M. M. , Ashfaq U. A. , Aziz H. , Ali M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryOnly 5–10% of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop active tuberculosis which suggests a role of genetic variation in host immunity. Genetic variants in TLRs are potential indicator for host susceptibility and outcome of several diseases. We explored the association of nonsynonymous genetic variants (Met1Val) with Toll‐like receptor 8 in Pakistani population. Genotypic and allelic distribution of TLR8 polymorphism (rs3764880) in patients with TB and healthy donors from different areas of southern Punjab, Pakistan, was determined. Results provide that our population is highly influenced by TLR8 Met1Val SNP for TB, and G allele appeared to increase TB susceptibility. Mutant genotype GG or G/− and G allele was significantly higher among all the categories of cases than in controls. Among different levels of bacillary load and genotypes, GG or G/− and G allele significantly supports the incidence of 2 + class for bacterial load.
Community pharmacy patient perceptions of a pharmacy-initiated mobile technology app to improve adherence
Authors: DiDonato Kristen L , Liu Yifei , Lindsey Cameron C , Hartwig David Matthew , Stoner Steven C 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Objectives
To determine patient perceptions of using a demonstration application (app) of mobile technology to improve medication adherence and to identify desired features to assist in the management of medications.

Methods
A qualitative study using key informant interviews was conducted in a community pharmacy chain for patients aged 50 and older, on statin therapy and owning a smart device.

Key findings
Three main themes emerged from 24 interviews at four pharmacy locations, which included benefits, barriers and desired features of the app. Benefits such as accessibility, privacy, pros of appearance and beneficiaries were more likely to lead to usage of the app. Barriers that might prevent usage of the app were related to concerns of appearance, the burden it might cause for others, cost, privacy, motivation and reliability. Specific features patients desired were categorized under appearance, customization, communication, functionality, input and the app platform.

Conclusions
Patients provided opinions about using a mobile app to improve medication adherence and assist with managing medications. Patients envisioned the app within their lifestyle and expressed important considerations, identifying benefits to using this technology and voicing relevant concerns. App developers can use patient perceptions to guide development of a mobile app addressing patient medication-related needs.
Nausea, vomiting and quality of life of patients with cancer undergoing antineoplastic treatment: an evaluation by pharmacists
Authors: de Souza Cinthia Madeira , Visacri Marília Berlofa , Ferrari Graziele Baldan , Tuan Bruna Taliani , Costa Anna Paula Lourenço , Barbosa Cristina Rosa , Lima Carmen Silvia P , Mazzola Priscila Gava , Moriel Patrícia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting using two different instruments and relate them to quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer receiving antineoplastic treatment.

Methods
Severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) was measured by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and a numerical scale. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General questionnaire.

Key findings
Of the 50 patients studied, 60.0% reported nausea (40.0% CTCAE grade 1; 66.7% moderate intensity on numerical scale) and 30.0% reported vomiting (46.7% CTCAE grades 1 and 2, each; 66.7% moderate intensity on numerical scale). CINV did not influence overall QOL.

Conclusion
The frequency of CINV was high. There was no association between nausea/vomiting and overall QOL.
Associations between the number of natural teeth and metabolic syndrome in adults
Authors: Zhu Yong , Hollis James H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo explore associations between the number of natural teeth and metabolic syndrome in adults.Material and MethodsCross‐sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008 were used. Eligible adults (n = 5511) were classified into four groups by their number of natural teeth (excluding third molars): full dentition, 21–27 teeth, 1–20 teeth, or edentulous. Metabolic syndrome was defined by diagnostic guidelines from the American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Associations were analysed by survey logistic regression. Biometric and metabolic parameters in different dentition groups were compared.ResultsAdjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, ratio of family income to poverty, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, tooth loss was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.002). Compared to participants with full dentition, the odds were 32% higher in those with 21–27 teeth, 55% higher in those with 1–20 teeth and 79% higher in edentulous participants. The number of natural teeth was inversely associated with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations (p < 0.01 for all); it was positively associated with serum HDL cholesterol concentration (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe number of natural teeth is inversely associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome in adults.
Novel MesoPorous BioGlass/silk scaffold containing adPDGF‐B and adBMP7 for the repair of periodontal defects in beagle dogs
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Miron Richard J. , Li Sue , Shi Bin , Sculean Anton , Cheng Xiangrong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe local delivery of growth factors via gene therapy has gained tremendous awareness in recent years due to their sustained growth factor delivery to target tissues. The aim of this study was to fabricate and investigate a scaffold able to release growth factors via gene therapy for the repair of periodontal tissues.Materials and MethodsNovel mesoporous bioglass (MBG)/silk fibrin scaffold combined with BMP7 and/or PDGF‐B adenovirus was fabricated and tested in vitro for cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, acute‐type buccal dehiscence periodontal defects (mesiodistal width × depth: 5 × 5 mm) were created on the buccal portion of the maxillary premolars in five normal male beagle dogs (12 months old, 15.0 ± 2.0 kg) and histologically examined for periodontal regeneration following implantation of the following five groups: (1) no scaffold, (2) MBG/silk scaffold alone, (3) scaffold + adPDGF‐B, (4) scaffold + adBMP7, (5) scaffold + adPDGF‐b + adBMP7.ResultsIn vitro findings demonstrated that adPDGF‐B was able to rapidly recruit periodontal ligament (PDL) cells over sixfold more effectively than adBMP7, whereas adBMP7 was more able to induce osteoblast differentiation of PDL cells. In vivo findings demonstrate that scaffolds loaded with adPDGF‐B were able to partially regenerate the periodontal ligament while adBMP7 scaffolds primarily improved new bone formation. The combination of both adPDGF‐B and adBMP7 synergistically promoted periodontal regeneration by allowing up to two times greater regeneration of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum when compared to each adenovirus used alone.ConclusionsAlthough both PDGF‐B and BMP7 are individually capable of promoting periodontal regeneration to some degree, their combination synergistically promotes wound healing in acute‐type buccal dehiscence periodontal defects when delivered simultaneously. This study demonstrates the promise for successful delivery of low‐cost, effective growth factor delivery via gene therapy for the treatment of periodontal defects.
Clinical study of the caries‐preventive effect of resin‐modified glass ionomer restorations: aging versus the influence of fluoride dentifrice
Authors: de Moraes Maria Denise Rodrigues , de Melo Mary Anne Sampaio , Bezerra Daniela da Silva , Costa Luciana Scarlazzari , Saboía Vicente de Paula Aragão , Rodrigues Lidiany Karla Azevedo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe use of fluoride‐releasing materials could be compromised due to aging and might also be influenced by other ordinary sources of fluoride. The aim of the present study was to investigate the aging effect on caries development around resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restorations and the influence of fluoride dentifrice use in this process under the oral environment.MethodsA clinical study was performed in two phases of 14 days each. A total of 16 volunteers wore palatal devices containing dental slabs restored with either a composite resin or RMGIC, either aged or unaged by thermocycling. To simulate a clinical situation of high caries risk, the slabs were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution 10 times per day via the in situ model, where non‐fluoride or a fluoride dentifrice was used. Integrated demineralization was determined by cross‐sectional microhardness at both margins of the restoration: enamel and dentin.ResultsFor enamel, higher demineralization around the composite restorations was observed, regardless of dentifrice or aging. For dentin, higher demineralization was observed around the aged composite restorations regardless of the dentifrice type used.ConclusionsThe RMGIC restorations provided more enhanced protection against secondary caries for dentin under aging, and the fluoride dentifrice used in this condition had either no clinically relevance or only a minimal effect.
Enterococcus faecalis with capsule polysaccharides type 2 and biofilm‐forming capacity in Indonesians requiring endodontic treatment
Authors: Bachtiar Endang W. , Bachtiar Boy M. , Dewiyani Sari , Surono Akbar Siti M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) strains isolated from saliva and infected root canal samples from Indonesians requiring endodontic treatment.MethodsA total of 50 isolates were genotyped using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction (ERIC–PCR) and analyzed for locus polymorphisms of their capsule polysaccharides (CPS) and for biofilm‐forming capabilities.ResultsIt was shown that all E. faecalis isolates shared >60% similarity. A higher degree of diversity of E. faecalis was observed in cluster 1 (C1, 28%) and cluster 2 (C2, 22%) from samples isolated from infected root canals. CPS type 2 was the dominant form observed in five clusters (C1–C5), but there was no relationship between the origins of these isolates. In contrast, all isolates in cluster C5 were of root canal origin, and 50% were associated with a strong biofilm phenotype. Five unclustered strains were saliva isolates (<60% similarity). Most of these strains showed weak biofilm capability.ConclusionsE. faecalis CPS type 2 is relatively common in Indonesians requiring endodontic treatment, and there are differences in the biofilm‐forming abilities produced by CPS type 2 strains in all isolates depending on the source. In addition, there is no relationship between the ERIC–PCR profile and biofilm formation.
Predictive model of oral cancer metastasis for different cancer sites and age groups
Authors: Siriwardena Bogahawatte Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samadarani , Rasnayaka Rasnayaka Mudiynaselage Sumudu Geethika Kumari , Masood Yaghma , Masood Mohd , Kumarasiri Pallegoda Vithanage Ranjith , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe high incidence rates for oral cancer (excluding lip) are especially found in the South and South–East Asia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sex, age, site, and metastasis of a large sample with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsA total of 989 OSCC treated with neck dissection were selected. All the relevant data were recorded from biopsy request forms. The patients were divided into seven groups, and there were nine different oral sites.ResultsThe male‐to‐female ratio of the sample was 4:1. Most of the patients were aged between 30 and 60 years. Of the 989 patients, approximately 40% patients had metastasis. Age <30 years showed a higher probability of metastasis compared to higher age groups, but it was not statistically significant. Palate cancers had more than 14 times higher chance of metastasis, followed by maxilla (4.6 times) and tongue (2.8 times).ConclusionThe present study provides important information on the metastatic potential of OSCC in different oral sites, and identifies high‐risk age groups for metastasis. This will be helpful in planning neck treatment for OSCC.
Dopamine transporter oligomerization: impact of combining protomers with differential cocaine analog binding affinities
Authors: Zhen Juan , Antonio Tamara , Cheng Shu‐Yuan , Ali Solav , Jones Kymry T. , Reith Maarten E. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrevious studies point to quaternary assembly of dopamine transporters (DATs) in oligomers. However, it is not clear whether the protomers function independently in the oligomer. Is each protomer an entirely separate unit that takes up dopamine and is inhibited by drugs known to block DAT function? In this work, human embryonic kidney 293 cells were co‐transfected with DAT constructs possessing differential binding affinities for the phenyltropane cocaine analog, [3H]WIN35,428. It was assessed whether the binding properties in co‐expressing cells capable of forming hetero‐oligomers differ from those in preparations obtained from mixed singly transfected cells where such oligomers cannot occur. A method is described that replaces laborious ‘mixing’ experiments with an in silico method predicting binding parameters from those observed for the singly expressed constructs. Among five pairs of constructs tested, statistically significant interactions were found between protomers of wild‐type (WT) and D313N, WT and D345N, and WT and D436N. Compared with predicted Kd values of [3H]WIN35,428 binding to the non‐interacting pairs, the observed affinity of the former pair was increased 1.7 fold while the latter two were reduced 2.2 and 4.1 fold, respectively. This is the first report of an influence of protomer composition on the properties of a DAT inhibitor, indicating cooperativity within the oligomer.
image
The dopamine transporter (DAT) can exist as an oligomer but it is unknown whether the protomers function independently. The present results indicate that protomers that are superpotent or deficient in cocaine analog binding can confer enhanced or reduced potency to the oligomer, respectively. In this respect, positive or negative cooperativity is revealed in the DAT oligomer.