bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of crosstalk in stereoscopic display devices
Authors: Zafar Fahad , Badano Aldo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMany different types of stereoscopic display devices are used for commercial and research applications. Stereoscopic displays offer the potential to improve performance in detection tasks for medical imaging diagnostic systems. Due to the variety of stereoscopic display technologies, it remains unclear how these compare with each other for detection and estimation tasks. Different stereo devices have different performance trade‐offs due to their display characteristics. Among them, crosstalk is known to affect observer perception of 3D content and might affect detection performance. We measured and report the detailed luminance output and crosstalk characteristics for three different types of stereoscopic display devices. We recorded the effect of other issues on recorded luminance profiles such as viewing angle, use of different eye wear, and screen location. Our results show that the crosstalk signature for viewing 3D content can vary considerably when using different types of 3D glasses for active stereo displays. We also show that significant differences are present in crosstalk signatures when varying the viewing angle from 0 degrees to 20 degrees for a stereo mirror 3D display device. Our detailed characterization can help emulate the effect of crosstalk in conducting computational observer image quality assessment evaluations that minimize costly and time‐consuming human reader studies.
Can the Reaction Mechanism of Radical Solution Polymerization Explain the Microgel Final Particle Volume in Precipitation Polymerization ofN‐Isopropylacrylamide?
Authors: Virtanen Otto L. J. , Ala‐Mutka Helmi M. , Richtering Walter 
Published: May 2015

Precise particle size customization is a key requirement for the applications of stimuli‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgels. No empirically supported mechanism has been presented to explain the microgel particle size dependence on polymerization conditions. In this work, nonstirred precipitation polymerization is employed to address this question. It is argued that the reaction proceeds by radical solution polymerization mechanism rather than as emulsion polymerization. The number of particles in the batch, and the microgel particle volume, is shown to correlate with the charge density of the particles determined by the kinetic chain length. Cross‐linking efficiency is recognized to be an important factor in the particle nucleation. Properties of radical solution polymerization, such as differences in the rate of decomposition of thermally decomposing initiator and redox initiator, are used to tune the particle number density in the batch. Contemporary synthesis approaches, including temperature‐programmed synthesis, are discussed in the context of these results.image
Peptide Binding Prediction to Five Most Frequent HLA‐DQ Proteins – a Proteochemometric Approach
Authors: Dimitrov Ivan , Doytchinova Irini 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins class II, are glycoproteins binding within the cell to short peptides with foreign origin, called epitopes, and present them at the cell surface for inspection by T‐cells. Apart from presenting foreign antigens, they are able to present also common self‐antigens and trigger autoimmune diseases as coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1. The MHC proteins are extremely polymorphic. The polymorphism is located mainly in the peptide binding site. In the present study, we apply a proteochemometric approach to derive a model for prediction of peptide binding to human MHC class II proteins from locus HLA‐DQ. Proteochemometrics was applied on 2624 peptides binding to five most frequent HLA‐DQ proteins. The sequences of peptides and proteins were described by three z‐descriptors relating to hydrophobicity, steric effects and polarity of amino acids. Cross‐terms accounting for the protein‐peptide interactions also were included. The derived model was validated by external test set of 660 peptides and showed rpred2=0.808, AUC=0.965, 92.5 % accuracy at threshold of pIC50=5.3 and average sensitivity of 83 % among the top 10 % best predicted nonamers. The model is implemented in the server for MHC binding prediction EpiTOP and is freely available at http://www.ddg‐pharmfac.net/epitop.
Gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism of hesperetin‐7‐O‐rutinoside and hesperetin‐7‐O‐glucoside in healthy humans
Authors: Actis‐Goretta Lucas , Dew Tristan P. , Lévèques Antoine , Pereira‐Caro Gema , Rein Maarit , Teml Alexander , Schäfer Christian , Hofmann Ute , Schwab Matthias , Eichelbaum Michel , Crozier Alan , Williamson Gary 
Published: May 2015

ScopeHesperetin‐7‐O‐rutinoside (hesperidin) reduces blood pressure in healthy volunteers but its intestinal absorption and metabolism are not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine sites of absorption and metabolism of dietary flavanone glycosides in humans.Methods and resultsUsing a single‐blind, randomized crossover design, we perfused equimolar amounts of hesperetin‐7‐O‐rutinoside and hesperetin‐7‐O‐glucoside directly into the proximal jejunum of healthy volunteers. We assessed the appearance of metabolites in the perfusate, blood and urine, to determine the sites of metabolism and excretion, and compared this to oral administration. The glucoside was rapidly hydrolyzed by brush border enzymes without any contribution from pancreatic, stomach, or other secreted enzymes, or from bacterial enzymes. Only ∼3% of the dose was recovered intact in the perfusate, indicating high absorption. A proportion was effluxed directly back into the perfused segment mainly in the form of hesperetin‐3′‐O‐sulfate. In contrast, very little hydrolysis or absorption of hesperetin‐7‐O‐rutinoside was observed with ∼80% recovered in the perfusate, no hesperetin metabolites were detected in blood and only traces were excreted in urine.ConclusionThe data elucidate the pathways of metabolism of dietary hesperidin in vivo and will facilitate better design of mechanistic studies both in vivo and in vitro.
Coexistence of a T118M PMP22 missense mutation and chromosome 17 (17p11.2‐p12) deletion
Authors: Jerath Nivedita U. , Kamholz John , Grider Tiffany , Harper Amy , Swenson Andrea , Shy Michael E. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We describe a 6‐year‐old girl with a T118M PMP22 mutation and heterozygous deletion of PMP22 on chromosome 17 (17p11.2‐p12) resulting in a severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Methods: This study is a case report in which the relevant mutations are described. Results: Foot pain, cavovarus feet, tibialis anterior atrophy, absent reflexes, and inability to walk were found when the patient was age 6 years. Nerve conduction studies showed evidence of a sensorimotor polyneuropathy and compressive mononeuropathies of bilateral median nerves at the wrist and ulnar nerves at the elbow. Genetic testing revealed deletion of a PMP22 allele and T118M PMP22 mutation in the remaining allele. Conclusions: The severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) in this patient was likely a consequence of both decreased expression of PMP22 causing features consistent with HNPP and unopposed expression of the T118M mutant form of PMP22 that is relatively benign in the heterozygous state. The T118M mutant form of PMP22 can be disease‐modifying in the appropriate circumstances. Muscle Nerve 52: 905–908, 2015
Comparison of gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for carbon stable‐isotope analysis of carbohydrates
Authors: Moerdijk‐Poortvliet Tanja C. W. , Schierbeek Henk , Houtekamer Marco , van Engeland Tom , Derrien Delphine , Stal Lucas J. , Boschker Henricus T. S. 
Published: May 2015

RationaleWe compared gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) and liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS) for the measurement of δ13C values in carbohydrates. Contrary to GC/IRMS, no derivatisation is needed for LC/IRMS analysis of carbohydrates. Hence, although LC/IRMS is expected to be more accurate and precise, no direct comparison has been reported.MethodsGC/IRMS with the aldonitrile penta‐acetate (ANPA) derivatisation method was compared with LC/IRMS without derivatisation. A large number of glucose standards and a variety of natural samples were analysed for five neutral carbohydrates at natural abundance as well as at 13C‐enriched levels. Gas chromatography/chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC/CIMS) was applied to check for incomplete derivatisation of the carbohydrate, which would impair the accuracy of the GC/IRMS method.ResultsThe LC/IRMS technique provided excellent precision (±0.08 ‰ and ±3.1 ‰ at natural abundance and enrichment levels, respectively) for the glucose standards and this technique proved to be superior to GC/IRMS (±0.62 ‰ and ±19.8 ‰ at natural abundance and enrichment levels, respectively). For GC/IRMS measurements the derivatisation correction and the conversion of carbohydrates into CO2 had a considerable effect on the measured δ13C values. However, we did not find any significant differences in the accuracy of the two techniques over the full range of natural δ13C abundances and 13C‐labelled glucose. The difference in the performance of GC/IRMS and LC/IRMS diminished when the δ13C values were measured in natural samples, because the chromatographic performance and background correction became critical factors, particularly for LC/IRMS. The derivatisation of carbohydrates for the GC/IRMS method was complete.ConclusionsAlthough both LC/IRMS and GC/IRMS are reliable techniques for compound‐specific stable carbon isotope analysis of carbohydrates (provided that derivatisation is complete and the calibration requirements are met), LC/IRMS is the technique of choice. The reasons for this are the improved precision, simpler sample preparation, and straightforward isotopic calibration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LAWRA: a layered wrapper feature selection approach for network attack detection
Authors: Bhattacharya Sangeeta , Selvakumar Subramanian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe feature selection phase in network attack detection is mostly classifier based, while clustering techniques are used for labeling and creating compact training datasets. Because clustering finds natural groupings in the data, in this paper, a clustering‐based layered wrapper feature selection approach, LAWRA, has been proposed for selecting appropriate features for attack detection. The existing layered feature selection approaches in attack detection are unable to give results with high precision and recall because of the dependence on classifier accuracy, fitness value, and so on. Hence, in this paper, LAWRA uses external cluster validity indices, F‐measure, and Fowlkes–Mallows index, for feature selection. The two indices are the harmonic and geometric mean of precision and recall, respectively. Each index identifies features that give high precision and high recall of the attack detection algorithm. The first layer of LAWRA identifies the feature subset that best distinguishes between normal and attack instances and the second layer identifies the best cooperating features using cooperative game theory. Experiments have been conducted on NSL‐KDD dataset, and LAWRA has been compared with the existing approaches using different classifiers. The results show that LAWRA gives better overall accuracy and F‐measure value than the other approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MOSKG: countering kernel rootkits with a secure paging mechanism
Authors: Yan Guanglu , Luo Senlin , Feng Fan , Pan Limin , Safi Qamas Gul Khan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe kernel‐level rootkits compromise the security of operating systems. In the current research studies, virtualization is used as a key tool against these attacks with virtualization‐based memory protection. There are glitches in the memory protection mechanism, and it is vulnerable to page mapping attack and hard to be used for protecting dynamic data. To address these problems, we proposed a secure paging mechanism and constructed an external and transparent architecture named multiple operating systems kernel guard (MOSKG), which can protect critical kernel data in different operating systems like Windows and Linux, both of 32‐bit and 64‐bit. To evaluate our proposed architecture, we applied some experiments that are based on the study of kernel rootkits. The results show that MOSKG can protect critical kernel data from dynamic kernel object manipulation and page mapping attack, and it defeats all of the kernel‐level attacks. It is also a significant conclusion that MOSKG only introduces a small performance overhead of 2.3%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐bright and stimuli‐responsive fluorescent nanoparticles for bioimaging
Authors: Battistelli Giulia , Cantelli Andrea , Guidetti Gloria , Manzi Jeannette , Montalti Marco 
Published: May 2015

Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) are unique contrast agents for bioimaging. Examples of molecular‐based fluorescent NPs with brightness similar or superior to semiconductor quantum dots have been reported. These ultra‐bright NPs consist of a silica or polymeric matrix that incorporate the emitting dyes as individual moieties or aggregates and promise to be more biocompatible than semiconductor quantum dots. Ultra‐bright materials result from heavy doping of the structural matrix, a condition that entails a close mutual proximity of the doping dyes. Ground state and excited state interactions between the molecular emitters yield aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and proximity‐caused quenching (PCQ). In combination with Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET) ACQ and PCQ originate collective phenomena that produce amplified quenching of the nanoprobes. In this focus article, we discuss strategies to achieve ultra‐bright nanoprobes avoiding ACQ and PCQ also exploiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). Amplified quenching, on the other hand, is also proposed as a strategy to design stimuli‐responsive fluorogenic probes through disaggregation‐induced emission (DIE) in alternative to AIE. As an advantage, DIE consents to design stimuli‐responsive materials starting from a large variety of precursors. On the contrary, AIE is characteristic of a limited number of species. Examples of stimuli‐responsive fluorogenic probes based on DIE are discussed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 8:139–150. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1351This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Two Modifications of Tin(II) Bromide
Authors: Eckold Pierre , Hügel Werner , Dinnebier Robert E. , Niewa Rainer 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDifferent temperature conditions in crystal growth of tin(II) bromide, SnBr2, lead to the formation of two modifications of the title compound. Applying a temperature gradient from 650 °C to room temperature along a silica glass ampoule, the stable room‐temperature modification, o‐SnBr2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (no. 62), with a = 839.08(4) pm, b = 423.54(2) pm, c = 1052.03(4) pm, and Z = 4. Changing the reaction conditions towards a decreased temperature gradient from 700 °C to 400 °C, a high‐temperature form h‐SnBr2 crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/m (no. 176), with a = 1228.24(5) pm, c = 435.68(2) pm, and Z = 6. The trigonal coordination of Sn with three Br atoms and the resulting one‐dimensional chains of corner sharing units 1∞[SnBrBr2/2] can be assigned as common structural motif of both modifications. In o‐SnBr2 pairs of these chains exhibit the motif of a hexagonal rod packing parallel to the crystallographic b axis. In h‐SnBr2 the chains are rearranged, which results in a lower packing density and in a change in topology from 63 to 34.6. Utilizing differential scanning calorimetry on o‐SnBr2 endothermal processes at 224 °C and 226 °C were assigned as possible phase transition temperatures prior to the melting point at 227 °C, supported by temperature depending powder X‐ray diffraction data.
Estimation of Surgery Capacity in Haiti: Nationwide Survey of Hospitals
Authors: Tran Tu M. , Saint‐Fort Mackenson , Jose Marie‐Djenane , Henrys Jean Hugues , Pierre Pierre Jacques B. , Cherian Meena N. , Gosselin Richard A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundHaiti’s surgical capacity was significantly strained by the 2010 earthquake. As the government and its partners rebuild the health system, emergency and essential surgical care must be a priority.MethodsA validated, facility‐based assessment tool developed by WHO was completed by 45 hospitals nationwide. The hospitals were assessed for (1) infrastructure, (2) human resources, (3) surgical interventions and emergency care, and (4) material resources for resuscitation. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare hospitals by sectors: public compared to private and mixed (public–private partnerships).ResultsThe 45 hospitals included first‐referral level to the national referral hospital: 20 were public sector and 25 were private or mixed sector. Blood banks (33 % availability) and oxygen concentrators (58 %) were notable infrastructural deficits. For human resources, 69 % and 33 % of hospitals employed at least one full‐time surgeon and anaesthesiologist, respectively. Ninety‐eight percent of hospitals reported capacity to perform resuscitation. General and obstetrical surgical interventions were relatively more available, for example 93 % provided hernia repairs and 98 % provided cesarean sections. More specialized interventions were at a deficit: cataract surgery (27 %), cleft repairs (31 %), clubfoot (42 %), and open treatment of fractures (51 %).ConclusionDeficiencies in infrastructure and material resources were widespread and should be urgently addressed. Physician providers were mal‐distributed relative to non‐physician providers. Formal task‐sharing to midlevel and general physician providers should be considered. The parity between public and private or mixed sector hospitals in availability of Ob/Gyn surgical interventions is evidence of concerted efforts to reduce maternal mortality. This ought to provide a roadmap for strengthening of surgical care capacity.
Cognitive profile and activities of daily living: 35 patients with alpha‐mannosidosis
Authors: Borgwardt L. , Thuesen A. M. , Olsen K. J. , Fogh J. , Dali C. I. , Lund A. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlpha‐mannosidosis (OMIM 248500) (AM) is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the alpha‐mannosidase enzyme. The typical signs consist of hearing impairment, intellectual disabilities, coarse facial features and motor function disturbances. We report on the cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with AM.MethodsThirty five AM patients, age 6‐35 years, were included in the study. As a cognitive function test, we used the Leiter international performance scale–revised (Leiter‐R), which consists of two batteries: the visual function and reasoning battery and the memory and attention battery, the latter including a memory screening. Additional two questionnaires, The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and EQ‐5D‐5 L, were filled out.ResultsWe found IQ in the range of 30‐81 in our cohort. The total equivalent age (mental age) was significantly reduced, between 3‐9 years old for the visual function and reasoning battery, between 2.3‐10.2 years for the memory screening. Data suggested a specific developmental profile for AM with a positive intellectual development until the chronological age 10‐12 years, followed by a static or slightly increasing intellectual level. All patients were to varying degrees socially and practically dependent and unable to take care of themselves in daily life.ConclusionsIntellectual disability is a consistent finding in patients with alpha‐mannosidosis but with extensive variation. We assess that this group of patients has, despite their intellectual disabilities, a potential for continuous cognitive development, especially during childhood and early teenage years. This should be included and supported in the individual educational planning.
Can hedge funds time global equity markets? Evidence from emerging markets
Authors: Aiken Adam L. , Kilic Osman , Reid Sean 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the ability of global hedge funds to time a particularly volatile asset class — emerging market equities. In particular, we study whether or not these funds can either time emerging markets as a whole, or time their exposures to different regions. Using both pooled and calendar‐time approaches, we generally find no evidence of overall timing ability. However, we do find some evidence of period‐specific timing ability during the financial crisis and subsequent recovery.
Mortality from Parkinson’s disease in China: Findings from a five-year follow up study in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Xin-Jian , Hu Yi-Song , Cheng Qi , Wang Chun-Fang , Xiao Qin , Liu Jun , Ma Jian-Fang , Zhou Hai-Yan , Pan Jing , Tan Yu-Yan , Wang Ying , Chen Sheng-Di 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntroduction: The mortality of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its associated risk factors among clinically definite PD patients in China has been rarely investigated. Our study aimed to identify the mortality rates and predictors of death in PD patients in China. Methods: 157 consecutive, clinically definite PD patients from the urban area of Shanghai were recruited from a central hospital based movement disorder clinic in 2006. All patients were regularly followed up at the clinic until December 31, 2011, or death. Mortality and associations with baseline demographics, health and medical factors were then determined within the cohort. Results: After 5 years, 11(7%) patients had died. The standardised mortality ratio was 0.62 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.07, P=0.104). The main causes of death were pneumonia (54.5%, 6/11) and digestive disorders (18.2%, 2/11), respectively. Age at onset, independent living, the mini mental state examination score, the Parkinson’s disease sleep scale score and the Epworth sleepiness scale score at baseline were statistically significantly different between the survival group and the deceased group (P<0.05). Across all participants, risk factors for death included low mini mental state examination score, and high Epworth sleepiness scale score according to a binary variable logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: This study confirms the similar survival of patients with PD to the control population up to a follow-up of 5 years. Interventions tailored to potential risk factors associated with death may offer further benefits.