bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Borrelia Species Isolated from Ixodid Ticks, Ixodes ovatus
Authors: Takahashi Yukie , Sohnaka Masako , Nakao Minoru , Miyamoto Kenji , Fukunaga Masahito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThirty‐two Borrelia isolates were obtained from the adult stage of ixodid ticks, Ixodes ovatus, collected in various localities in Japan. Borrelial isolates were cultivated and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with monoclonal antibodies, by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and by genomic Southern hybridization. All borrelial isolates showed similar protein profiles and monoclonal antibody reactivities, while plasmid profiles were rather diverse. Genomic hybridization using rRNA gene probes demonstrated the genetic similarities of those isolates. We found no significant differences among the borrelial isolates tested, and the restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of I. ovatus isolates were quite distinct from those of borrelial strains associated with Lyme disease. Therefore, the isolates of Borrelia obtained from I. ovatus were thought to fall into different genospecies.
Production of Monoclonal Anti‐Idiotype Antibodies Which Mimic an M‐Like Protein of Streptococcus equi
Authors: Jean‐Francois M. J. Bernadette , Poskitt David C. , MacDonald Lisa M. , Turnbull Sally J. , Yasmeen Dilruba 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRat monoclonal anti‐idiotype antibodies (mAb2) were raised against two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb1), 1D10 and 2A6, with specificity for the M‐like protein of Streptococcus equi. The capacity of the mAb2 to inhibit the binding between the corresponding mouse mAbl against which the mAb2 were raised and the M‐like protein was investigated in an inhibition EIA. One of the ten mAb2 examined, namely 5D1 (anti‐mAb1 1D10), was able to inhibit this binding. The mAb2 5D1 bound to the mAb1 1D10 in such a way as to completely inhibit the subsequent binding of the M‐like protein antigen to the paratope of the mAb1 1D10. The mAb2 5D1 is likely to represent a true image of the M‐like protein antigen and may thus be described as an Ab2β anti‐idiotype antibody.
The Structure of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as Determined by the Freeze‐Substitution Technique
Authors: Amako Kazunobu , Takade Akemi , Takada Tohoru , Watanabe Tsuguo , Nakamura Masahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe ultrastructure of Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH was examined by a mild fixation method, the freeze‐substitution technique, for thin‐section transmission electron microscopy and the following new findings were obtained. In the cytoplasm, no nuclear region could be clearly identified. The cytoplasm was filled with many ribosome‐like particles, fine fibers and electron‐dense particles. The electron‐dense particles appeared to be similar to the particles found in the nucleoid region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and might therefore possibly be a kind of DNA binding protein. The cell surface was completely enveloped with a thin opaque layer. The presence of this surface layer prevented any direct contact of the cell surface with that of the two M. pneumoniae cells.
Purification and Characterization of a Protein Cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae Extracted from the Prawn Shell Surface
Authors: Faming Dong , Shimodori Shoichi , Moriya Tetsuhiro , Iwanaga Sadaaki , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA substance cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae on the prawn shell surface was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. It was a protein of 81 kDa and called cryoprotective protein (CPP). The cryoprotective activity of this protein for V. cholerae was sensitive to heat at 100 C and trypsin treatment. In the presence of Mg ion the protein can bind to the bacterial cell surface. V. cholerae can adhere to the shell surface of the prawn. The number of adhered bacteria was reduced by treating the shell with anti‐CPP serum, heat or by trypsin. The presence of Mg ion promoted the adherence. These results suggest that the CPP could serve as an adherence site for V. cholerae on the shell surface.
Comparison between Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Expressing “F42,” F41 and K99 Colonization Factors
Authors: Sperandio Vanessa , Dias da Silveira Wanderley 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains (coded 567/7 and 103) isolated from piglets with neonatal diarrhea were described as producers of a new adhesin (F42). With the use of molecular biology and immunology techniques such as DNA hybridization with probes for F41 and K99 genes and Western‐blotting of the superficial proteins of these strains and standard E. coli strains carrying genes for F41 and K99 adhesins, it was demonstrated that this new adhesin either shares extensive genetic and immunological determinants with F41 adhesin or they are the same fimbriae.
Organization of Ribosomal RNA Genes in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Isolated from Ixodes ovatus in Japan
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Takahashi Yukie , Fukunaga Masahito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was obtained from adult ixodid ticks, Ixodes ovatus, collected in Nagano, Japan, and was named NT112. The genomic DNA was digested with enzymes, electrophoresed, blotted and hybridized with rRNA gene probes obtained from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto B31. The results showed that the borrelial chromosome contains a single rrs (16S rRNA gene) sequence and two copies of rrl/rrf (23S/5S rRNA genes) sequences. The rrl/rrf genes were tandemly repeated at intervals of 3.2 kb and were located separately from the rrs gene on the genome. Our findings indicate that the organization of rRNA genes in Borrelia from I. ovatus ticks is identical to that of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto.
Simple Purification Method for a Vibrio vulnificus Hemolysin by a Hydrophobic Column Chromatography in the Presence of a Detergent
Authors: Oh Eun‐gyoung , Tamanoi Yumi , Toyoda Atsuko , Usui Kaori , Miyoshi Shin‐ichi , Chang Dong‐suck , Shinoda Sumio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (VVH) was purified by two steps of hydrophobic column chromatography on Phenyl‐Sepharose HP. The first chromatography was carried out at pH 6.0. In this pH condition, VVH efficiently bound to the column, but the hemolysin fraction eluted was accompanied with colored substance(s). To eliminate this colored substance, the second chromatography was carried out at pH 9.8 in the presence of 1% 3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]‐1‐propanesulfonate (CHAPS), a zwitterionic detergent. Homogeneity of the hemolysin thus obtained was shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity increased 33, 600 times and the yield was 35%. The method is simple and useful to supply enough VVH for study of the role of the hemolysin in the infection by V. vulnificus or on the mechanism of action of the hemolysin.
Detection of Verocytotoxin from Stool and Serological Testing of Patients with Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia coli O157: H 7
Authors: Yamada Sumio , Matsushita Shigeru , Kai Akemi , Sasaki Michiko , Tsuji Atsutoshi , Kanemitsu Takefumi , Yamashita Naoya , Anzai Eiko , Kudoh Yasuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe detecion of verocytotoxin (VT) in stool and measurement of antibodies against VT and three antigens (unheated‐antigen, LPS, and flagellin) of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in the serum of patients with diarrhea were examined. Five of 14 inpatients during an outbreak had fecal VT2 in stool taken within 5 days of onset to hospitalization. Among these 5, 3 of them also had fecal VT‐producing E. coli (VTEC) serotype O157: H7, whereas the other 2 did not. In the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test with formalinized sheep red blood cells sensitized with theee VTEC O157: H7 antigens, 49 (74.2%) of 66 outbreak patients and 3 of 3 sporadic cases had antibodies against both or one of unheated‐antigen and LPS of E. coli O157, but none had antibody against flagellin. In addition, anti‐VT2 antibody was demonstrated in serum samples from 15 (94%) of 16 inpatients and 2 (4%) of 50 outpatients in an outbreak by a VT‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (VT‐ELISA). These results showed that serological assay particularly for antibodies against VT and unheated‐antigen or LPS of VTEC O157 may provide a useful tool for diagnosis of infection with VTEC O157.
A Chemotaxonomic Study of Vibrio fluvialis Based on the Sugar Composition of the Polysaccharide Portion of the Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Iguchi Takehiro , Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA chemotaxonomic study was carried out with a new serotyping scheme comprising 35 O‐antigen groups of Vibrio fluvialis on the basis of the sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of their lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A previously developed rapid method of preparing samples for compositional sugar analysis was employed. The 35 O‐antigen groups were divided into 21 chemotypes. It is noted that a rarely occurring component sugar of gram‐negative bacterial LPS, D‐glycero‐D‐manno‐heptose, and two kinds of uronic acids, i.e., galacturonic acid of a weakly bound type and glucuronic acid of a strongly bound type, were found in common in all the 21 chemotypes. A characteristic sugar component of gram‐negative bacterial LPS, 2‐keto‐3‐deoxyoctonate (KDO), was not detectable in any of the 21 chemotypes. Instead, three kinds of “KDO‐like substances” were found, one in each of three chemotypes (III, XI and XVII). They were strongly positive in Weissbach's periodate‐thiobarbituric acid test for KDO, but definitely not identical to it in high‐voltage paper electrophoresis (HVPE); the substance present in chemotype XI was indicated by HVPE to be 3‐deoxy‐D‐threo‐hexulosonic acid which is a sugar constituent of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O7 and O12 LPS.
Cytotoxicity Induced by Monoclonal Antibody to α‐Fetoprotein Coadministered with Spleen Cells of Nude Mice
Authors: Masuda Kazuyoshi , Nagata Shunji , Hirano Koichiro , Takagishi Yasushi , Hirai Hidematsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an attempt to effectively induce antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in nude mice. A monoclonal antibody against α‐fetoprotein, 80G, coadministered with spleen cells from other nude mice bearing HuH‐7N (xenograft of human hepatoma cell line, HuH‐7) significantly suppressed the growth of HuH‐7N as compared to treatment with 80G alone. 80G with spleen cells from normal nude mice also had some suppressive effect. In contrast, no effect was observed with each spleen cells alone as well as 80G alone. These results suggest that further supply of effector cells could enhance ADCC activity in nude mice.
An Evaluation of Serodiagnostic Tests in Patients with Candidemia: Beta‐Glucan, Mannan, Candida Antigen by Cand‐Tec and D‐Arabinitol
Authors: Kohno Shigeru , Mitsutake Kotaro , Maesaki Shigefumi , Yasuoka Akira , Miyazaki Takashige , Kaku Mitsuo , Koga Hironobu , Hara Kohei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe serodiagnostic tests, beta‐glucan, mannan, candida antigen by Cand‐Tec, and D‐arabinitol were evaluated in 10 patients with candidemia, 14 patients with suspected fungemia, and 10 healthy persons. By blood culture or lysis centrifugation, C. albicans was isolated from 5 patients, C. parapsilosis from 4, and C. tropicalis from 1 patient; no organisms were isolated from the 14 patients with suspected fungemia or the 10 healthy subjects. Beta‐glucan was measured by the difference between two chromogenic limulus tests (Endotoxin test‐D® and Endospecy®), which was more than 60 pg/ml in 7 of 9 (78%) candidemic patients and 1 of 12 (8%) patients with suspected fungemia. Mannan was positive in 6 of 10 (60%) candidemic patients and 1 of 13 (8%) patients with suspected fungemia. Both antigens were very sensitive and highly specific for candidemia. However, the Cand‐Tec assay was less specific, because titers of more than 4 were observed in 5 of 14 (34%) patients with suspected fungemia. D‐Arabinitol was the least sensitive, because a D‐arabinitol/creatinine ratio greater than 2.0 μmol/mg was observed in only 2 of 7 (29%) candidemic patients. The titers of serodiagnostic tests decreased after successful treatment with an anti‐fungal agent. Our results show that the combined use of the assays in necessary for accurate serological diagnosis of candidemia.
Functional Differences of Dyes in Inducing Respiratory Immunogenicity by Azo‐, Thiazole‐, Quinoline‐, Reactive‐, and Naphthol‐Dye‐Inactivated Sendai Viruses
Authors: Miyamae Takeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe prophylactic effects by mouse nasal inoculation of 31 kinds of organic dye‐inactivated Sendai viruses were investigated by contact exposure experiment that used mouse nasally infected with 105,8 EID50, immunofluorescent examination of the entire respiratory tract, and check of rise of serum HI titer postexposure. The relative merits of the dye‐structures for inciting nasal immunogenicity were determined. Of 14 azo‐dye‐inactivated vaccines, only azo blue‐ and amido black 10B treated ones brought about nearly complete protection, while the other 5 dye‐groups provided partial protection and the remaining 7 dye‐groups the least protection. Of 6 thiazole dye‐vaccines, primuline‐, thioflavine S‐, and thioflavine T‐vaccines induced complete or almost complete protection, and the others moderate or the least protection. With 3 quinolinevaccines, both pinacyanol‐ and quinaldine red‐inactivated ones provided complete protection, but not with quinoline blue‐vaccine. Of 4 reactive dye‐vaccines, both cibacron brilliant yellow 3G‐P‐and reactive blue 4‐treated ones brought about nearly complete protection, but the remaining 2 vaccines induced regional infection. Nevertheless, all 4 naphthol group (AS, AS‐BS, AS‐BI, and AS‐MX)‐treated vaccines yielded complete or almost complete protection. The thirteen most effective vaccine groups suppressed marked rise of high or low serum HI titers developed through nasal vaccination postexposure. In short, specified dyestuffs having a great affinity for cellulosic fibers, evidently incited mucosal immunogenicity, probably by major union of the dyes to viral core ribose.
In Vitro Cultivation of Borrelia duttonii on Cultures of SflEp Cells
Authors: Konishi Hisanori , Morshed Muhammad Golam , Akitomi Hisaji , Nakazawa Teruko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBorrelia duttonii strain 406 K, a causative agent of relapsing fever, could not be cultivated in vitro in currently available media for borreliae. We have developed an in vitro cultivation system by using SflEp cell cultures. The average increases of the number of borreliae, when inoculated with 1.0 × 105 organisms per ml from infected mice, were 23‐fold and 150‐fold in the primary culture and the 3rd subculture, respectively. Even a single borrelia could propagate in this cultivation system. This system will be useful for immunological and physiological studies on uncultivable Borrelia strains.
Mutations in the rfbT Gene Are Responsible for the Ogawa to Inaba Serotype Conversion in Vibrio cholerae O1
Authors: Ito Teruyo , Hiramatsu Keiichi , Ohshita Yoshihiro , Yokota Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn cultures of Vibrio cholerae strains of Ogawa serotype, variant strains which had undergone serotype conversion from Ogawa to Inaba were identified. The rfbT genes cloned from the parent strains were found to produce a 31‐kDa protein in the maxicell system, and to cause serotype conversion when introduced into E. coli cells expressing Inaba serotype specificity. On the other hand, rfbT genes cloned from the variant strains neither produced the 31‐kDa protein nor caused serotype conversion. Nucleotide sequence of these rfbT genes as well as those of two clinical Vibrio cholerae strains of Inaba serotype revealed that mutations causing premature termination of their rfbT genes were invariably present in strains expressing Inaba serotype specificity. The result strongly suggested that genetic alteration of the rfbT gene is responsible for serotype conversion of Vibrio cholerae O1.
Detection of Dengue Virus Antigens in Cultured Cells by Using Protein A‐Gold‐Silver Staining (pAgs) Method
Authors: Chen Wei‐June , Chen Su‐Lih , Fang Ay‐Huey , Wang Ming‐Tsan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA protein A‐gold‐silver (pAgs) staining was developed to detect dengue virus antigens in cultured cells. The method can be carried out in either newly‐subcultured or monolayered cells. Dengue virus‐inoculated C6/36 clone of Aedes albopictus cells and human endothelial cells appeared brown‐yellowish color on the peripheral membrane of the infected cells. In many cases, the infected C6/36 cells appeared darker than that of the infected endothelial cells. The positive results from the inoculated C6/36 cells usually appeared as early as 2 days post‐inoculation for types 1, 2, and 4 of dengue viruses and 3 days for the dengue 3 virus. The same batch of specimens detected by direct immunofluorescence antibody test (DFA) showed positive 4 days post‐inoculation for the types 2, 3, and 4 of dengue viruses and 6 days for the dengue 1 virus. The result also showed that all pAgs‐positive specimens were also DFA‐positive, but not vice versa. It suggested that pAgs is not only sensitive but also specific for dengue virus detection from inoculated cultured cells.
Yersinia pseudotubetculosis in Italy. Attempted Recovery from 37,666 Samples
Authors: Chiesa Claudio , Pacifico Lucia , Nanni Fulvio , Renzi Anna Maddalena , Ravagnan Giampietro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFrom 1981 to 1991, 37,666 human, animal, food and environmental samples were cultured for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis using direct plating methods and/or cold enhancement techniques. Despite an intensive surveillance and adequate culture methods, Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from stools of 0.05% (5/9,720) of patients with acute enteritis, and alimentary tracts of 0.1% (10/6,849) of apparently healthy animals. No Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were recovered from stools of 4,726 healthy controls nor from the appendices (656), mesenteric lymph nodes (84), and stools (421) of 656 patients operated for suspected appendicitis. Of the 10,842 food and 4,368 environmental samples, none yielded positive cultures for Y. pseudotuberculosis.
Gene Transfer of a Part of a β‐Lactamase Gene?
Authors: Ogawara Hiroshi , Kuma Kei‐Ichi , Miyata Takashi 
Published: November 2013

Abstractβ‐Lactamase is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the β‐lactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporins. By similarity analysis of amino acid sequences in a database, the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the upstream region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II from Paracoccus denitrificans was found to have an unusually high score of homology to that of a portion of β‐lactamases from Gram‐negative bacteria. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequences corresponding only to this region had a very high score of similarity among them. The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the amino acid sequences was in accord with that constituted on the 5S rRNA's. Moreover, the molar G + C contents and the codon usage were similar to those in their respective bacteria. It is suggested, therefore, that the nucleotide sequence in P. denitrificans was positioned by a transfer of a part of a β‐lactamase gene formed as a result of gene duplication or it was formed by a deletion of the essential region of the β‐lactamase gene, although no β‐lactamase gene has been yet detected in P. denitrificans.
Differentiation of Rickettsia japonica by Restriction Endonuclease Fragment Length Polymorphism Using Products of Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification with Rickettsia rickettsii 190‐Kilodalton Surface Antigen Gene Primers
Authors: Yan Yansheng , Uchiyama Tsuneo , Uchida Takahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRestriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products differentiated Rickettsia japonica, a causative agent of Oriental spotted fever, from other spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. Primer pair Rr190. 70p and Rr190. 602n of R. rickettsii 190‐kDa antigen gene sequence primed genomic DNAs obtained from R. japonica, type strain YH and strains NT, NK, YKI, and TKN. The products were cleaved by PstI but not by AfaI restriction endonuclease. The PstI digestion pattern of PCR‐products amplified from all strains of R. japonica was identical and easily differentiated from that of other SFG rickettsiae. The present study demonstrated a genotypic difference between R. japonica and other pathogenic SFG rickettsiae.
An Occurrence of Diarrheal Cases Associated with Group C Rotavirus in Adults
Authors: Oishi Isao , Yamazaki Kenji , Minekawa Yoshiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSix of the 23 college students who joined a group trip in February of 1991 developed acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis with severe diarrhea. The causal agent was identified as group C rotaviruses by electron microscopy (EM), immune‐EM (IEM) and the molecular examinations including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on virus particles detected in the extract of watery fecal specimens of the patients. The patients positive for virus isolation showed significant increase in IEM antibody to the isolated virus in their paired sera. These findings suggest that the group C rotavirus is an important etiological agent of diarrhea and may also cause serious food‐borne diarrheal disease in adults.
Detection of Caries‐Inducing Microorganisms in Hyposalivated Rats without Infection of Mutans Streptococci
Authors: Ooshima Takashi , Yoshida Toshihiko , Hamada Shigeyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRampant dental caries was induced in hyposalivated rats fed a high sucrose diet without infection of mutans streptococci, in which increased numbers of lactobacilli and S. aureus were demonstrated in the oral flora. Administration of either penicillin or piperacillin, effective against all isolates of lactobacilli, markedly inhibited the caries induction in these rats, while severe dental caries was induced in hyposalivated rats given vancomycin that is inhibitory against S. aureus. These results suggested that certain lactobacilli might induce dental caries in hyposalivated rats fed a sucrose diet. Three strains of Lactobacillus species isolated from the hyposalivated rats were made resistant to erythromycin. The caries‐inducing activity of these erythromycin‐resistant lactobacilli was studied in hyposalivated rats giving erythromycin in the drinking water at a concentration of 500 μg/ml. After a 61‐day experimental period, severe dental caries was induced in hyposalivated rats infected with L. fermentum TY1R. On the other hand, low caries incidence was found in hyposalivated rats infected with either L. acidophilus TY7R or L. plantarum TY3R. These results indicate that L. fermentum may be one of causative agents of dental caries in hyposalivated rats fed a sucrose diet.