bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography angiography and perfusion to assess coronary artery stenosis causing perfusion defects by single photon emission computed tomography: the CORE320 study
Authors: Rochitte Carlos E. , George Richard T. , Chen Marcus Y. , Arbab-Zadeh Armin , Dewey Marc , Miller Julie M. , Niinuma Hiroyuki , Yoshioka Kunihiro , Kitagawa Kakuya , Nakamori Shiro , Laham Roger , Vavere Andrea L. , Cerci Rodrigo J. , Mehra Vishal C. , Nomura Cesar , Kofoed Klaus F. , Jinzaki Masahiro , Kuribayashi Sachio , de Roos Albert , Laule Michael , Tan Swee Yaw , Hoe John , Paul Narinder , Rybicki Frank J. , Brinker Jeffery A. , Arai Andrew E. , Cox Christopher , Clouse Melvin E. , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Lima Joao A.C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the diagnostic power of integrating the results of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and CT myocardial perfusion (CTP) to identify coronary artery disease (CAD) defined as a flow limiting coronary artery stenosis causing a perfusion defect by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Methods and resultsWe conducted a multicentre study to evaluate the accuracy of integrated CTA–CTP for the identification of patients with flow-limiting CAD defined by ≥50% stenosis by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) with a corresponding perfusion deficit on stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/MPI). Sixteen centres enroled 381 patients who underwent combined CTA–CTP and SPECT/MPI prior to conventional coronary angiography. All four image modalities were analysed in blinded independent core laboratories. The prevalence of obstructive CAD defined by combined ICA–SPECT/MPI and ICA alone was 38 and 59%, respectively. The patient-based diagnostic accuracy defined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of integrated CTA–CTP for detecting or excluding flow-limiting CAD was 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–0.91]. In patients without prior myocardial infarction, the AUC was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.94) and in patients without prior CAD the AUC for combined CTA–CTP was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.97). For the combination of a CTA stenosis ≥50% stenosis and a CTP perfusion deficit, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predicative values (95% CI) were 80% (72–86), 74% (68–80), 65% (58–72), and 86% (80–90), respectively. For flow-limiting disease defined by ICA-SPECT/MPI, the accuracy of CTA was significantly increased by the addition of CTP at both the patient and vessel levels.ConclusionsThe combination of CTA and perfusion correctly identifies patients with flow limiting CAD defined as ≥50 stenosis by ICA causing a perfusion defect by SPECT/MPI.
Evaluation of Fixation Pattern and Reading Ability in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Altpeter Elke K. , Blanke Björn R. , Leo-Kottler Beate , Nguyen Xuan N. , Trauzettel-Klosinski Susanne 
Published: November 2013

Background:
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is characterized by progressive loss of central vision leading to impaired reading ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate sensory adaptation and reading ability in LHON patients.

Methods:
This prospective pilot study included 12 male patients with a clinical diagnosis and a positive genetic analysis of LHON, who matched the inclusion criteria of a central scotoma on visual field testing and the use of magnifying aids to read. Examination included best-corrected visual acuity, magnification need, reading speed, and evaluation of fixation by corneal reflexes and by Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). Central scotoma was assessed by conventional perimetry (Tübingen Automated Perimeter) and microperimetry (NIDEK MP1).

Results:
Mean magnification need was 13.2 ± 7.3-fold (range: 2- to 25-fold). Mean reading speed was 53 ± 18 words per minute (WPM) (range: 24–85 WPM). With automated perimetry, all patients showed central scotomas with a mean radius of 13° ± 7° (range: 1°–30°) in the better eye. Microperimetry in all patients showed fenestrated central scotomas. Eccentric fixation with a preferred retinal locus (PRL) was detected with SLO examination and microperimetry correlated well in 11 of 12 patients. The SLO results showed no systematic pattern in the placement of the PRL; however, 7 of 12 patients (58%) placed their PRL in an unfavorable location left or below the fovea. In 8 of 12 patients, fixation was unstable. Between reading speed and central scotoma size, there was a statistically significant negative correlation (P = 0.021, r = −0.65).

Conclusions:
The percentage of unfavorable PRL locations was extremely high compared with other disorders with central scotomas. Unstable fixation and fenestrated central scotomas led to difficulties in reading. Early rehabilitation and, if necessary, eccentric viewing training should be considered in LHON patients.
Clinical audit of a new extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy machine
Authors: Lo Alex Hak‐Keung , Au Yuk‐Wa 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the newly installed ESWL machine (Storz Modulith SLX‐F2) in the treatment of urinary tract stones.MethodologyAll patients who had been treated with urinary tract stone (larger than 5 mm in size) by the newly installed ESWL machine in 2009 to 2010 were included. Patients' demographic data, target stone characteristics, patients' discomfort and treatment outcomes were prospectively collected. Treatment was considered a success if the patient was stone free or had asymptomatic, unobstructed stone fragments less than 4 mm.Results329 patients were analysed. M : F = 2.6:1. Age ranged from 24 to 81. 135 patients had renal stone and 194 patients had ureteric stone. Their stone size ranged from 5–36 mm, mean 8.7 mm. 92.7% of the target stone were radio‐opaque and 56.7% of the stones had obstructive effect. 76.3% of them had their procedures performed under sedoanalgesia. 95.4% of the target stones were localized by X‐ray. The no. of shocks given per treatment ranged from 1000 to 4000 shocks. The overall single session success rate was 88.1% (Complete stone clearance: 64.4%; CIRF: 23.7%). The single session success rate / complete stone clearance rate for renal and ureteric stone was 84.4%/40% and 93.3%/81.4% respectively. Stone size was the only pre‐treatment factor associated with the treatment outcome (p = 0.010). 79.9% and 2% of the patients complained minor symptoms on D1 and D14 respectively.ConclusionStorz Modulith SLX‐F2 lithotripter is effective and safe in the treatment of urinary tract stones.
Glycated Albumin Predicts the Risk of Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Hemodialysis: Evaluation of a Target Level for Improving Survival
Authors: Isshiki Keiji , Nishio Toshiki , Isono Motohide , Makiishi Tetsuya , Shikano Tsutomu , Tomita Koubin , Nishio Toshiji , Kanasaki Masami , Maegawa Hiroshi , Uzu Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGlycated albumin (GA) is considered a more reliable marker than glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for monitoring glycemic control, particularly in diabetic hemodialysis patients. We investigated the associations of GA, HbA1c, and random serum glucose levels with survival, and evaluated possible targets for improving survival in diabetic hemodialysis patients. In this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, we enrolled 90 diabetic hemodialysis patients across six dialysis centers in Japan. The median duration of follow‐up was 36.0 months (mean follow‐up, 29.8 months; range, 3–36 months). There were 11 deaths during the observation period. GA was a significant predictor for mortality (hazard ratio, 1.143 per 1% increase in GA; 95% confidence interval, 1.011–1.292; P = 0.033), whereas HbA1c and random glucose levels were not predictors for mortality. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of GA for predicting the risk of mortality was 25%. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the cumulative survival rate was significantly greater in patients with GA ≤25% than in patients with GA >25%. GA predicted the risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Our results suggest that GA ≤25% is an appropriate target for improving survival in diabetic hemodialysis patients.
Inhibitory effect of tacrolimus on progression of joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Motomura Hiraku , Matsushita Isao , Seki Eiko , Mine Hayato , Kimura Tomoatsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the inhibitory effect of tacrolimus on radiographic joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThirty‐eight patients with RA resistant or intolerant to conventional disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs were administered tacrolimus and analyzed retrospectively. Disease activity and clinical response were evaluated by Disease Activity Score in 28 joints and C‐reactive protein (DAS28‐CRP) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. The progression of joint destruction was evaluated by an estimated yearly change in modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS).ResultsGood or moderate response rate according to EULAR response criteria was seen in 63.2%, 63.2%, 73.7% and 65.8% of patients at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The rate of patients with low disease activity or remission reached 47.3% and 50.0% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Progression of joint damage, evaluated as yearly change in mTSS (ΔmTSS), significantly decreased from 11.4 at baseline to 2.63 in the first year and 0.69 in the second year of tacrolimus treatment.ConclusionThese findings suggest tacrolimus has the potential to inhibit progression of joint damage in established RA.
Hypertension Associated with Alcohol Consumption Based on the Facial Flushing Reaction to Drinking
Authors: Jung Jin‐Gyu , Kim Jong‐Sung , Kim Young‐Seok , Oh Mi‐Kyeong , Yoon Seok‐Joon 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAlcohol is a risk factor for hypertension. Facial flushing after drinking is a typical symptom of high alcohol sensitivity. This study assessed the role of the facial flushing response in the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension.MethodsThe subjects were 1,763 men (288 nondrinkers, 527 flushing drinkers, 948 nonflushing drinkers) who had received a health checkup. Data were collected from the subjects' medical records. The risk of hypertension related to weekly drinking amount in nonflushers and flushers was analyzed and compared with that in nondrinkers.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, body mass index, exercise status, and smoking status, the risk of hypertension was significantly increased when flushers consumed more than 4 drinks per week (more than 4 and up to 8 drinks: odds ratio [OR] = 2.23; above 8 drinks: OR = 2.35). In contrast, in nonflushers, the risk was increased with alcohol consumption of more than 8 drinks (OR = 1.61) per week. The OR (flushers/nonflushers) for hypertension was also increased: more than 4 and up to 8 drinks, 2.27 and above 8 drinks, 1.52.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that hypertension associated with alcohol consumption has a lower threshold value and higher risk in flushers than in nonflushers. Clinicians should consider evaluating patients' flushing response as well as drinking amount in a daily practice for health promotion.
Alcohol Reduces Cross‐Frequency Theta‐Phase Gamma‐Amplitude Coupling in Resting Electroencephalography
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Yun Kyongsik 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe electrophysiological inhibitory mechanism of cognitive control for alcohol remains largely unknown. The purpose of the study was to compare electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra and cross‐frequency phase–amplitude coupling (CFPAC) at rest and during a simple subtraction task after acute alcohol ingestion.MethodsTwenty‐one healthy subjects participated in this study. Two experiments were performed 1 week apart, and the order of the experiments was randomly assigned to each subject. During the experiments, each subject was provided with orange juice containing alcohol or orange juice only. We recorded EEG activity and analyzed power spectra and CFPAC data.ResultsThe results showed prominent theta‐phase gamma‐amplitude coupling at the frontal and parietal electrodes at rest. This effect was significantly reduced after alcohol ingestion.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that theta‐phase gamma‐amplitude coupling is deficiently synchronized at rest after alcohol ingestion. Therefore, cross‐frequency coupling could be a useful tool for studying the effects of alcohol on the brain and investigating alcohol addiction.
Allergic disease is associated with epilepsy in childhood: a US population‐based study
Authors: Silverberg J. I. , Joks R. , Durkin H. G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies using animal models suggest an association between allergic disease and epilepsy. We sought to determine whether allergic disease is associated with epilepsy in children.MethodsWe used the 2007–2008 National Survey of Children's Health, a US population‐based study of 91 642 children aged 0–17 years to determine the association between the prevalence of epilepsy and allergic disease, including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD)/eczema, hay fever, and food allergies. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed that controlled for confounding variables.ResultsThe US lifetime prevalence of childhood epilepsy was 1.03% and was significantly associated with older age, male sex, lower household income, family structure and history of brain injury or concussion. Children with ≥1 allergic disease had more epilepsy in their lifetime than nonallergic children (logistic regression, adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.79 [1.37–2.33]). Lifetime prevalence (2.30 [1.50–3.52]) and one‐year prevalence of asthma (2.00 [1.41–2.84]), AD/eczema (1.73 [1.17–2.56]), hay fever (1.93 [1.41–2.65]) and food allergies (2.69 [1.38–4.01]) were associated with increased odds of ever being diagnosed with epilepsy. Similar results were found for current history of epilepsy. Severe AD/eczema (23.89 [1.34–11.32]) and hay fever (2.46 [1.11–5.41]) were associated with even higher odds of epilepsy compared with mild/moderate disease. As the number of allergic diseases increased, so did the odds of lifetime history and current history of epilepsy.ConclusionsThe US prevalence of epilepsy is associated with allergic diseases in children. Further studies are needed to determine whether allergic inflammation contributes toward epileptogenesis.
Kv1.3 blockers ameliorate allergic contact dermatitis by preferentially suppressing effector memory T cells in a rat model
Authors: Ueyama A. , Imura K. , Kasai-Yamamoto E. , Tai N. , Nagira M. , Shichijo M. , Yasui K. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Background
The Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channel is selectively upregulated upon activation in effector memory T (TEM) cells in inflamed tissue, and plays an important role in maintenance of T-cell activation. Although Kv1.3 blockers have been shown to ameliorate allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in a rat model, it remains unknown whether the effect of Kv1.3 blockers on ACD is mediated by suppressing TEM cell function and/or whether naive T-cells or central memory T (TCM) cells are influenced.
Aim
To analyse the detailed mechanism of Kv1.3 blockers in a rat model of ACD.
Methods
We examined the effects of a Kv1.3 blocker on inflammation and production of the effector cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ in inflamed tissue in rat ACD. Single-cell suspensions were isolated from inflamed rat ears (TEM cells), and regional lymph nodes (naive T/TCM cells), and the effect of Kv1.3 blockers on anti-CD3-stimulated IFN-γ production in vitro was measured.
Results
The Kv1.3 blocker significantly suppressed ear inflammation and IFN-γ production at the protein level in vivo. It also suppressed in vitro IFN-γ production from TEM cells from inflamed tissues, but did not suppress the function of naive T/TCM cells from lymph nodes.
Conclusions
We found that the Kv1.3 blocker ameliorated ACD by inhibiting TEM cell functions only, thus Kv1.3 blockers could be a potentially selective therapeutic agent for TEM cell-mediated inflammatory skin diseases without producing harmful side-effects.
Histo‐cytological diagnostic accuracy in lung cancer
Authors: Proietti A. , Boldrini L. , Alì G. , Servadio A. , Lupi C. , Sensi E. , Miccoli M. , Ribechini A. , Chella A. , Lucchi M. , Leocata P. , Mussi A. , Fontanini G. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveThe majority of patients with lung cancer are treated on the basis of a diagnosis made from the analysis of a small tumour biopsy or a cytological sample and histotype is becoming a critical variable in clinical workup as it has led to the introduction of newer biologically targeted therapies. Consequently, simply classifying cancers as small cell lung cancers or non‐small cell lung cancers is no longer sufficient.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2011, a review of the histo‐cytological database was conducted to identify all small biopsy and cytology specimens collected for diagnostic purposes in patients with a thoracic lesion. In total, 941 patients were studied by examining exfoliative and/or aspirative cytological samples. To establish the accuracy of these methods, cytological and biopsy diagnoses were compared with each other and with subsequent resection specimens when available. Moreover, during the diagnostic workup, we examined a validated panel of immunohistochemical markers.ResultsThe diagnostic concordance of pre‐operative diagnoses with surgical samples was high in both cytology and biopsy samples [κ = 0.71, confidence interval (CI) = 0.6–0.81; P < 0.0001 and κ = 0.61, CI = 0.41–0.82; P < 0.0001 respectively; good agreement] but concordance between cytology and biopsy was moderate (κ = 0.5, CI = 0.43–0.54; P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemistry‐aided diagnoses were definitive for histotype in 92.8% of both cytology (206/222) and biopsy (155/167) specimens.ConclusionWe found that lung cancer diagnosis and subtyping of cytology and biopsy samples are highly feasible and concordant; thus, the diagnostic approach to lung cancer does not require more invasive procedures.
The Global Burden of Disease projects: What have we learned about illicit drug use and dependence and their contribution to the global burden of disease?
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Whiteford Harvey , Hall Wayne D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study updated the findings of earlier exercises. It provided regional and global estimates of the burden of disease attributable to diseases, injuries and risk factors. Here we provide a brief summary of the work for illicit drug use.DesignSystematic reviews were undertaken to estimate the major epidemiological parameters (incidence, prevalence, duration/remission and mortality) for each drug. Reviews evaluated the nature and quality of evidence for illicit drug use as a risk factor for many health outcomes, for the comparative risk assessment (CRA) exercise.ResultsSubstantial gaps existed in basic epidemiological parameters. Following modelling and imputation of missing data, it was estimated that opioid and amphetamine dependence were the most common forms of illicit drug dependence in 2010; opioid dependence was responsible for the greatest burden. Few putative consequences of illicit drug use had the quality or quantity of data required to be included in the CRA.DiscussionEstimates of the extent and distribution of disease burden are likely to shape global and regional health policy development. The GBD exercise will be repeated on an annual basis; GBD 2010 clearly demonstrated that although the illicit drug field is generating more and better epidemiological data on the health risks of drug use, there is still much work to be done to generate defensible estimates of the magnitude of risk, particularly for impactful and prevalent outcomes, such as injuries, violence and mental health complications. Until then, burden of disease attributable to illicit drugs will be underestimated. [Degenhardt L, Whiteford H, Hall WD. The Global Burden of Disease projects: What have we learned about illicit drug use and dependence and their contribution to the global burden of disease? Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:4–12]
Structural and mutational analysis of substrate recognition in kojibiose phosphorylase
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Yamamoto Takuo , Watanabe Hikaru , Nishimoto Tomoyuki , Chaen Hiroto , Fukuda Shigeharu , Wakagi Takayoshi , Fushinobu Shinya 
Published: November 2013

Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 65 contains phosphorylases acting on maltose (Glc‐α1,4‐Glc), kojibiose (Glc‐α1,2‐Glc), trehalose (Glc‐α1,α1,‐Glc), and nigerose (Glc‐α1,3‐Glc). These phosphorylases can efficiently catalyze the reverse reactions with high specificities, and thus can be applied to the practical synthesis of α‐glucosyl oligosaccharides. Here, we determined the crystal structures of kojibiose phosphorylase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus in complex with glucose and phosphate and in complex with kojibiose and sulfate, providing the first structural insights into the substrate recognition of a glycoside hydrolase family 65 enzyme. The loop 3 region comprising the active site of kojibiose phosphorylase is significantly longer than the active sites of other enzymes, and three residues around this loop, Trp391, Glu392, and Thr417, recognize kojibiose. Various mutants mimicking the residue conservation patterns of other phosphorylases were constructed by mutation at these three residues. Activity measurements of the mutants against four substrates indicated that Trp391 and Glu392, especially the latter, are required for the kojibiose activity.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank database under accession numbers 3WIQ and 3WIR.Structured digital abstract

CsKP and CsKP bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction)
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Diaspore and shoot size as drivers of local, regional and global bryophyte distributions
Authors: Virtanen Risto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimEcological theory provides divergent views about how patterns of bryophyte occurrence are related from local to global scales. Here, I test the hypotheses that, based on the high dispersal capacity of bryophytes, patterns of occurrence are similar from local to global scales and independent of variation in diaspore and size traits, or alternatively that the patterns are dissimilar and depend on traits that are important for dispersal and competition.LocationGlobal.MethodsThe occurrence patterns of 28 bryophyte species and their relationship to diaspore and shoot size were analysed for three study systems: (1) a local metacommunity on erratic calcareous boulders; (2) a regional study system in the biogeographical provinces of the Nordic countries; and (3) based on data available from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).ResultsContrary to expectations, bryophyte occurrence was not similar among local or global study systems, but regional occurrences matched both local and global occurrences. Contrary to neutral theoretical assumptions, the occurrences depended on traits. In the local metacommunity, there was a tendency towards a negative relationship between occurrence and diaspore size: small and large species tended to be rare, whereas species of intermediate size tended to be widespread. In the regional study system, species with large diaspores tended to be widespread, with frequency of occurrence positively correlated with shoot length.Main conclusionsIn contrast to patterns detected for micro‐organisms, local and global frequencies of occurrence for bryophytes are not necessarily similar. However, occurrences at the regional scale may be useful for predicting both local and global occurrences. Links between species traits important for dispersal and competition on the one hand, and occurrences on the other, supports the utility of these traits for the analysis of distributions and questions the adequacy of assumptions of functional equivalence.