bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otavite from Montevecchio, Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Lattanzi Pierfranco , Zuddas Paola , Frau Franco 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe rare mineral otavite CdCO3 was found at the abandoned Pb-Zn mine of Montevecchio (SW Sardinia, Italy). Otavite occurs in the oxidised gossan, in association with aurichalcite. SEM imaging shows that otavite is composed of lenticular hollow structures containing aggregates of tiny rhombohedral crystals. Oxidation of primary Cd-bearing sulphides (sphalerite and greenockite) releases up to 24 ppm of Cd to drainage waters of the Montevecchio area. These waters are generally saturated with respect to otavite. Therefore, this mineral might play an important role in controlling Cd mobility in
the environment.
Reduced oxidative-stress response in red blood cells from p45NFE2-deficient mice
Authors: Chan Jefferson Y. , Kwong Mandy , Lo Margaret , Emerson Renee , Kuypers Frans A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
p45NF-E2 is a member of the cap ‘n’ collar (CNC)-basic leucine zipper family of transcriptional activators that is expressed at high levels in various types of blood cells. Mice deficient in p45NF-E2 that were generated by gene targeting have high mortality from bleeding resulting from severe thrombocytopenia. Survivingp45nf-e2−/− adults have mild anemia characterized by hypochromic red blood cells (RBCs), reticulocytosis, and splenomegaly. Erythroid abnormalities inp45nf-e2−/− animals were previously attributed to stress erythropoiesis caused by chronic bleeding and, possibly, ineffective erythropoiesis. Previous studies suggested that CNC factors might play essential roles in regulating expression of genes that protect cells against oxidative stress. In this study, we found that p45NF-E2–deficient RBCs have increased levels of reactive oxygen species and an increased susceptibility to oxidative-stress–induced damage. Deformability of p45NF-E2–deficient RBCs was markedly reduced with oxidative stress, and mutant cells had a reduced life span. One possible reason for increased sensitivity to oxidative stress is that catalase levels were reduced in mutant RBCs. These findings suggest a role for p45NF-E2 in the oxidative-stress response in RBCs and indicate that p45NF-E2 deficiency contributes to the anemia inp45nf-e2−/− mice.
Mobilization and collection of peripheral blood CD34+ cells from patients with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Croop James M. , Cooper Ryan , Fernandez Christine , Graves Vicki , Kreissman Susan , Hanenberg Helmut , Smith Franklin O. , Williams David A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A potential therapeutic option for patients with Fanconi anemia is collection of peripheral blood stem cells prior to the development of severe pancytopenia. These hematopoietic cells potentially could be infused when symptomatic bone marrow failure develops, as autologous rescue after chemotherapy in the event of leukemic transformation, or as targets for gene therapy. Eight patients with Fanconi anemia were mobilized with 10 μg/kg per day of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (median, 10 ± 4 days) to determine the feasibility of collecting peripheral blood stem cells for future use. Six patients achieved a peripheral blood CD34+ count of ≥ 6/μL and underwent apheresis. The collection goal was 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg based on a predicted weight 5 years from the date of collection. A mean of 2.6 ± 0.9 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg of the weight at the time of collection were collected, which corresponded to 1.9 ± 0.4 × 106 CD34+cells/kg of the target weight. The collections required a mean of 4 ± 3 days (range, 2-8 days) of apheresis. Six of the 8 subjects had ≥ 1 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg cryopreserved based on both actual and target weights, and 4 subjects had ≥ 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg cryopreserved based on the target weight. These results suggest that some patients with Fanconi anemia can have adequate numbers of CD34+ cells mobilized and collected from the peripheral blood prior to the onset of severe bone marrow failure, but they may require an extended mobilization and multiple days of collection.
Syk expression in endothelial cells and their morphologic defects in embryonic Syk-deficient mice
Authors: Yanagi Shigeru , Inatome Ryoko , Ding Junyi , Kitaguchi Hironori , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. , Yamamura Hirohei 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMice deficient in the Syk tyrosine kinase showed severe petechiae in utero and died shortly after birth. The mechanism of this bleeding, however, remains unknown. Here it is shown that this bleeding is caused by morphologic defects of Syk-deficient endothelial cells during embryogenesis. Immunoblot and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction Northern blot analysis indicated that Syk is expressed in several endothelial cell lines. Immunocytochemical analysis also confirmed that Syk is expressed in the normal embryonic endothelial cells and is absent in Syk-deficient mice. Furthermore, electron microscopic analysis of Syk-deficient mice revealed an abnormal morphogenesis and a decreased number of endothelial cells. The results indicate a critical role for Syk in endothelial cell function and in maintaining vascular integrity in vivo.
Regulatory effects of stem cell factor and interleukin-4 on adhesion of human mast cells to extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Lorentz Axel , Schuppan Detlef , Gebert Andreas , Manns Michael P. , Bischoff Stephan C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMast cells are inflammatory and immunoregulatory cells resident in tissues. They develop from bone marrow-derived progenitor cells that enter the tissue through the blood circulation. The specific localization and migration of mast cells in tissues is dependent on their interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Adhesion of human mast cells isolated from intestinal mucosa and cultured in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) to ECM proteins is analyzed. It was observed that SCF is a unique cytokine enhancing mast cell adhesion to all tested ECM proteins (fibronectin, laminin, collagen I, III, IV, VI, XIV) up to 5-fold, particularly to fibronectin (54% ± 12% of mast cells) and to denatured collagens (40% ± 12% on cyanogen bromide-cleaved peptides of collagen I). Most noteworthy, preculture of mast cells with interleukin-4 (IL-4), in addition to SCF, reduced their potency to adhere to ECM proteins to one third compared to mast cells cultured with SCF alone. Mast cell adhesion was preferentially mediated by β1 integrins, and most cells expressed the ECM-binding integrins α2β1, α3β1, α4β1, α5β1, and αVβ3. SCF-induced mast cell adhesion was totally blocked by wortmannin and apigenin, indicating an involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, and it was related to an up-regulation of the HUTS-21 β1 epitope, which is associated with an activated conformation of β1. In conclusion, these data indicate that SCF induces the adhesion of cultured mast cells to ECM proteins, whereas IL-4 may promote detachment from the ECM.
Prenatal Maternal Occupation and Child Epigenetic Age Acceleration in an Agricultural Region
Authors: Daredia Saher , Bozack Anne K. , Riddell Corinne A. , Gunier Robert , Harley Kim G. , Bradman Asa , Eskenazi Brenda , Holland Nina , Deardorff Julianna , Cardenas Andres 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceResearch on fetal epigenetic programming suggests that the intrauterine environment can have long-term effects on offspring disease susceptibility.ObjectiveTo examine the association between prenatal maternal occupation and child epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) among a farmworker community.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included participants in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, a prospective, Latino, prebirth cohort. Pregnant women were recruited from October 1, 1999, to October 1, 2000, from 6 community clinics in California’s Salinas Valley agricultural region. Participants were 18 years or older, English or Spanish speaking, Medicaid eligible, and at 20 weeks’ gestation or earlier at enrollment. Mother-child pairs who had blood DNA methylation measured at the ages of 7, 9, and 14 years were included. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to November 2023.ExposuresPrenatal maternal occupation was ascertained through study interviews conducted during prenatal visits and shortly after delivery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChild EAA at 7, 9, and 14 years of age was estimated using DNA methylation–based epigenetic age biomarkers. Three EAA measures were calculated: the Horvath EAA, skin and blood EAA, and intrinsic EAA. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate longitudinal associations of prenatal maternal occupation and child EAA, adjusting for confounders and prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure.ResultsAnalyses included 290 mother-child pairs (mean [SD] maternal age at delivery, 26.5 [5.2] years; 152 [52.4%] female infants); 254 mothers (87.6%) were born in Mexico, 33 (11.4%) in the US, and 3 (1.0%) in other countries; and 179 families (61.7%) were below the federal poverty line during pregnancy. Mothers reported engaging in several types of work during pregnancy, including agricultural fieldwork (90 [31.0%]), other agricultural work (40 [13.8%]), nonagricultural work (53 [18.3%]), or no work (107 [36.9%]). Children whose mothers worked in agricultural fields during pregnancy had a mean of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.17-1.15) years of greater Horvath EAA, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.31-0.94) years of greater skin and blood EAA, and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.07-0.83) years of greater intrinsic EAA compared with children whose mothers did not work during pregnancy.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, prenatal maternal agricultural fieldwork was associated with accelerated childhood epigenetic aging independent of organophosphate pesticide exposure. Future research on which factors related to agricultural fieldwork accelerate aging in the next generation can inform targeted prevention programs and policies that protect children’s health.
Essential Nutrients, Added Sugar Intake, and Epigenetic Age in Midlife Black and White Women
Authors: Chiu Dorothy T. , Hamlat Elissa June , Zhang Joshua , Epel Elissa S. , Laraia Barbara A. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceNutritive compounds play critical roles in DNA replication, maintenance, and repair, and also serve as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Sufficient dietary intakes support genomic stability and preserve health.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of dietary patterns, including intakes of essential nutrients and added sugar, and diet quality scores of established and new nutrient indices with epigenetic age in a diverse cohort of Black and White women at midlife.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included analyses (2021-2023) of past women participants of the 1987-1997 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS), which examined cardiovascular health in a community cohort of Black and White females aged between 9 and 19 years. Of these participants who were recruited between 2015 and 2019 from NGHS’s California site, 342 females had valid completed diet and epigenetic assessments. The data were analyzed from October 2021 to November 2023.ExposureDiet quality scores of established nutrient indices (Alternate Mediterranean Diet [aMED], Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI]–2010); scores for a novel, a priori–developed Epigenetic Nutrient Index [ENI]; and mean added sugar intake amounts were derived from 3-day food records.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGrimAge2, a second-generation epigenetic clock marker, was calculated from salivary DNA. Hypotheses were formulated after data collection. Healthier diet indicators were hypothesized to be associated with younger epigenetic age.ResultsA total of 342 women composed the analytic sample (mean [SD] age, 39.2 [1.1] years; 171 [50.0%] Black and 171 [50.0%] White participants). In fully adjusted models, aMED (β, −0.41; 95% CI, −0.69 to −0.13), AHEI-2010 (β, −0.05; 95% CI, −0.08 to −0.01), and ENI (β, −0.17; 95% CI, −0.29 to −0.06) scores, and added sugar intake (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.04) were each significantly associated with GrimAge2 in expected directions. In combined analyses, the aforementioned results with GrimAge2 were preserved with the association estimates for aMED and added sugar intake retaining their statistical significance.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, independent associations were observed for both healthy diet and added sugar intake with epigenetic age. To our knowledge, these are among the first findings to demonstrate associations between added sugar intake and epigenetic aging using second-generation epigenetic clocks and one of the first to extend analyses to a diverse population of Black and White women at midlife. Promoting diets aligned with chronic disease prevention recommendations and replete with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory and pro-epigenetic health nutrients while emphasizing low added sugar consumption may support slower cellular aging relative to chronological age, although longitudinal analyses are needed.
Advancing Health Disparities Science Through Social Epigenomics Research
Authors: Gillman Arielle S. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Das Rina 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceAlthough scientific and technological discoveries have improved the health of the US population overall, racial and ethnic minority (American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, or Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander persons) and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations continue to experience a disproportionate burden of disease and other adverse health conditions. To better understand and address the drivers of health disparities and inform the development of effective interventions, integrative mechanistic studies examining the dynamic interplay of multiple factors across the life course and even between generations are needed. The emerging field of social epigenomics, which seeks to link social stressors and protective factors to health status through the examination of epigenomic modifications of various biological pathways, is one promising area of research contributing to this need.ObservationsThis thematic issue of JAMA Network Open highlights new findings from the grantees of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Social Epigenomics Program. These findings, taken together, examine the associations of a variety of social, behavioral, and structural factors throughout the life course with epigenomic and other biological changes among populations experiencing health disparities. The studies link early-life exposures, structural inequities, and behavioral factors and interventions to epigenetic changes, and in some studies, later health outcomes. While there is still more work to be done to fully characterize the mechanistic pathways linking social exposures to epigenetic changes and health outcomes, the body of work presented in this special issue represents solid progress toward this goal.Conclusions and RelevanceThe studies highlighted in this special issue demonstrate important scientific progress in the complex integration of social determinants of health and health disparities with biological pathways and health outcomes to improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying health disparities among various underserved populations. Continued progress remains important in integrating different disciplines to transform the field of health disparities research.
Disparities in HPV Vaccination Among Adolescents by Health Care Facility Type
Authors: Nair Mrudula , Fokom Domgue Joël , Joseph Christine L. M. , Alleman Elizabeth R. , Williams Amy M. , Abouelella Dina K. , Babatunde Oluwole A. , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba , Adjei Boakye Eric 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceApproximately 31 000 cases of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers are diagnosed annually in the US. The HPV vaccine can prevent more than 90% of these cancers, yet national uptake remains lower than the Healthy People 2030 target of 80% completion. To devise targeted interventions to increase the uptake of HPV vaccines, it is crucial to understand the vaccination rates across various health care settings.ObjectiveTo examine the association between health care facility type and adolescent HPV vaccine uptake and clinician recommendation for the vaccine in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study uses a complex sampling design of data from the 2020 National Immunization Survey–Teen. The study included adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. The data analysis was completed between March 1 and May 31, 2022.ExposureHealth care facility type classified as public, hospital-based, private, mixed (more than 1 type), and other facilities (eg, military health care facility; Women, Infants, and Children clinic; school-based health center; pharmacy).Main Outcomes and MeasuresInitiation of HPV vaccination was defined as the receipt of at least 1 dose of the HPV vaccine and completion as receipt of at least 2 or 3 doses, depending on age of initiation. Parent or guardian self-reported clinician recommendation was categorized as yes or no. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of initiating and completing the HPV vaccine series and receiving clinician recommendation by health care facility type adjusted for adolescent and maternal characteristics.ResultsA total of 20 162 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.4] years; 51.0% male) were included. Clinician recommendation for the HPV vaccine was received by 81.4% of adolescents, and 75.1% initiated and 58.6% completed the HPV vaccine series. In the adjusted analyses, adolescents who received recommended vaccinations at public facilities had lower odds of initiating (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.88) and completing (AOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51-0.76) HPV vaccination compared with those who received recommended vaccinations at private facilities. Similarly, adolescents who received recommended vaccinations at public facilities (AOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51-0.77) had lower odds of receiving a clinician recommendation for the HPV vaccine compared with those who received recommended vaccinations at private facilities.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings reveal health disparities in HPV vaccination among adolescent populations served by public health care facilities, suggesting that a greater focus is needed on vaccine recommendations and uptake in public facilities.
Maternal Obesity and Risk of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death
Authors: Tanner Darren , Ramirez Jan-Marino , Weeks William B. , Lavista Ferres Juan M. , Mitchell Edwin A. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceRates of maternal obesity are increasing in the US. Although obesity is a well-documented risk factor for numerous poor pregnancy outcomes, it is not currently a recognized risk factor for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID).ObjectiveTo determine whether maternal obesity is a risk factor for SUID and the proportion of SUID cases attributable to maternal obesity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a US nationwide cohort study using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics linked birth–infant death records for birth cohorts in 2015 through 2019. All US live births for the study years occurring at 28 weeks’ gestation or later from complete reporting areas were eligible; SUID cases were deaths occurring at 7 to 364 days after birth with International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision cause of death code R95 (sudden infant death syndrome), R99 (ill-defined and unknown causes), or W75 (accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed). Data were analyzed from October 1 through November 15, 2023.ExposureMaternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).Main Outcome and MeasureSUID.ResultsOf 18 857 694 live births eligible for analysis (median [IQR] age: maternal, 29 [9] years; paternal, 31 [9] years; gestational, 39 [2] weeks), 16 545 died of SUID (SUID rate, 0.88/1000 live births). After confounder adjustment, compared with mothers with normal BMI (BMI 18.5-24.9), infants born to mothers with obesity had a higher SUID risk that increased with increasing obesity severity. Infants of mothers with class I obesity (BMI 30.0-34.9) were at increased SUID risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16); with class II obesity (BMI 35.0-39.9), a higher risk (aOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13-1.27); and class III obesity (BMI ≥40.0), an even higher risk (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.31-1.47). A generalized additive model showed that increased BMI was monotonically associated with increased SUID risk, with an acceleration of risk for BMIs greater than approximately 25 to 30. Approximately 5.4% of SUID cases were attributable to maternal obesity.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that infants born to mothers with obesity are at increased risk of SUID, with a dose-dependent association between increasing maternal BMI and SUID risk. Maternal obesity should be added to the list of known risk factors for SUID. With maternal obesity rates increasing, research should identify potential causal mechanisms for this association.
XAI is in trouble
Authors: Weber Rosina O , Johs Adam J , Goel Prateek , Silva João Marques 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearchers focusing on how artificial intelligence (AI) methods explain their decisions often discuss controversies and limitations. Some even assert that most publications offer little to no valuable contributions. In this article, we substantiate the claim that explainable AI (XAI) is in trouble by describing and illustrating four problems: the disagreements on the scope of XAI, the lack of definitional cohesion, precision, and adoption, the issues with motivations for XAI research, and limited and inconsistent evaluations. As we delve into their potential underlying sources, our analysis finds these problems seem to originate from AI researchers succumbing to the pitfalls of interdisciplinarity or from insufficient scientific rigor. Analyzing these potential factors, we discuss the literature at times coming across unexplored research questions. Hoping to alleviate existing problems, we make recommendations on precautions against the challenges of interdisciplinarity and propose directions in support of scientific rigor.