bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme climatic events drive mammal irruptions: regression analysis of 100‐year trends in desert rainfall and temperature
Authors: Greenville Aaron C. , Wardle Glenda M. , Dickman Chris R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractExtreme climatic events, such as flooding rains, extended decadal droughts and heat waves have been identified increasingly as important regulators of natural populations. Climate models predict that global warming will drive changes in rainfall and increase the frequency and severity of extreme events. Consequently, to anticipate how organisms will respond we need to document how changes in extremes of temperature and rainfall compare to trends in the mean values of these variables and over what spatial scales the patterns are consistent. Using the longest historical weather records available for central Australia – 100 years – and quantile regression methods, we investigate if extreme climate events have changed at similar rates to median events, if annual rainfall has increased in variability, and if the frequency of large rainfall events has increased over this period. Specifically, we compared local (individual weather stations) and regional (Simpson Desert) spatial scales, and quantified trends in median (50th quantile) and extreme weather values (5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th quantiles). We found that median and extreme annual minimum and maximum temperatures have increased at both spatial scales over the past century. Rainfall changes have been inconsistent across the Simpson Desert; individual weather stations showed increases in annual rainfall, increased frequency of large rainfall events or more prolonged droughts, depending on the location. In contrast to our prediction, we found no evidence that intra‐annual rainfall had become more variable over time. Using long‐term live‐trapping records (22 years) of desert small mammals as a case study, we demonstrate that irruptive events are driven by extreme rainfalls (>95th quantile) and that increases in the magnitude and frequency of extreme rainfall events are likely to drive changes in the populations of these species through direct and indirect changes in predation pressure and wildfires.
Highly Selective and Efficient Lewis Acid–Base Catalysts Based on Lanthanide‐Containing Polyoxometalates for Oximation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Zhao Shen , Huang Lujiang , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwo lanthanide‐containing polyoxometalates (POMs) have been developed as Lewis acid–base catalysts for highly selective and efficient oximation of various aldehydes and ketones under mild conditions.
The flame retardant effect of aluminum phosphinate in combination with zinc borate, borophosphate, and nanoclay in polyamide‐6
Authors: Doğan Mehmet , Bayramlı Erdal 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe effect of zinc borate (ZnB), borophosphate (BPO4), and organoclay were studied to improve the flame retardancy of polyamide‐6 composites containing organic phosphinates. The flame retardancy of polyamide‐6 composites was investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), Underwriters Laboratories (UL‐94) standard, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass loss calorimeter. The addition of 15 wt% aluminum phosphinate (AlPi) increased the LOI value from 22.5 to 29.5, and V0 rating was obtained from UL‐94 test. The addition of organoclay, ZnB, and borophosphate does not change the predominant gas phase mechanism of AlPi during LOI and UL‐94 tests. The addition of organoclay increased the condensed phase mechanism of AlPi physically by the protective effect of layered silicate, whereas the addition of ZnB increased the condensed phase mechanism of AlPi chemically by the formation of boron aluminum phosphate species deducted from mass loss calorimeter studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the nature of three‐dimensional encoding in the cognitive map: Commentary on Hayman, Verriotis, Jovalekic, Fenton, and Jeffery
Authors: Taube Jeffrey S. , Shinder Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA recent article by Hayman, Verriotis, Jovalekic, Fenton, and Jeffery titled Anisotropic encoding of three‐dimensional space by place cells and grid cells (2011) explored how place and grid cells respond when rats locomote vertically above the ground. From their results the authors concluded a number of points about rats' abilities to orient and navigate in three dimensions. Here, we review evidence revolving around several issues including: (1) what reference frame rats use when locomoting vertically, (2) whether rats can perceive their height above the ground, (3) whether rats can estimate vertical distance and have a cognitive map in the vertical domain, (4) whether rats can path integrate in the vertical domain, and (5) does processing 3‐dimensional representations require a large number of neurons. We argue that the Hayman et al. results can be accounted for by considering the reference frame the animals used in the tasks. Had the rats been facing inward with their limbs in contact with the vertical surface when moving, it is possible that different patterns of place and grid cell activity would have been observed. Further, there is good evidence to indicate that rats can orient and navigate effectively in the vertical domain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human adipose‐derived stem cells and three‐dimensional scaffold constructs: A review of the biomaterials and models currently used for bone regeneration
Authors: Zanetti Andrea S. , Sabliov Cristina , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Hayes Daniel J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the past decade, substantial strides have been taken toward the use of human adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) in the regeneration of bone. Since the discovery of the hASC osteogenic potential, many models have combined hASC with biodegradable scaffold materials. In general, rats and immunodeficient (nude) mice models for nonweight bearing bone formation have led the way to assess hASC osteogenic potentialin vivo. The goal of this review is to present an overview of the recent literature describing hASC osteogenesis in conjuction with three‐dimensional scaffolds for bone regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 187–199, 2013.
Relation of Leptin and Adiponectin With Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Intact Parathormone, and Vitamin D Levels in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: de Luis Daniel Antonio , Soto Gonzalo Diaz , Conde Rosa , Izaola Olatz , de la Fuente Beatriz 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship of leptin and adiponectin levels with cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric parameters in patients with PHTP with and without metabolic syndrome (MS).MethodsA total of 62 patients with PHPT were enrolled. Weight, blood pressure, basal glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA‐R, intact parathormone, vitamin D, calcium, leptin, and adiponectin levels were measured in fasting condition.ResultsPrevalence of MS with ATP III definition was 32.3% (20 patients; 15 females (75%) and 5 males (25%)) and 67.7% patients without MS (n = 42 patients; 35 females (83.3%) and 7 males (16.7%)). In the analysis with leptin as dependent variable, the weight and HOMA‐R levels remained in the model (F = 9.2; P < 0.05), with an increase of 1.31 (CI 95%: 0.24–2.31) ng/ml with each one unit of HOMA‐R and an increase of 0.4 (CI 95%: 0.01–0.84) ng/ml with each 1 kg of weight. In a second model with adiponectin as dependent variable, the HOMA‐R and HDL‐cholesterol levels remained in the model (F = 7.37; P < 0.05), with a decrease of −0.62 (CI 95%: 0.01–1.1) ng/ml with each one point of HOMA‐R and an increase of 0.18 (CI 95%: 0.04–0.38) ng/ml with each 1 mg/dl of HDL‐cholesterol. In the multivariate, PTH I was not associated with other variables.ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of MS—32.3% of patients with PHPT presented an MS. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin are not related with PTH I, vitamin D, and calcium levels in patients with PHPT. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 26:398‐402, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Getting to Zero: Evidence‐based healthcare risk management is key
Authors: Card Alan J. , Ward James R. , Clarkson P. John 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article we call for a new approach to patient safety improvement, one based on the emerging field of evidence‐based healthcare risk management (EBHRM). We explore EBHRM in the broader context of the evidence‐based healthcare movement, assess the benefits and challenges that might arise in adopting an evidence‐based approach, and make recommendations for meeting those challenges and realizing the benefits of a more scientific approach.
Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the management of colorectal liver metastases: 10‐year experience
Authors: Kennedy Timothy J. , Cassera Maria A. , Khajanchee Yashodhan S. , Diwan Tayyab S. , Hammill Chet W. , Hansen Paul D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundPublished results addressing the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) vary widely with local recurrence rates of 2–40% and 5‐year survival of 14–55%. The goal of this study was to analyze our 10‐year experience with laparoscopic RFA.MethodsFrom January 2000 to July 2010, 130 patients underwent laparoscopic RFA for CRLM. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess survival. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify factors associated with survival and recurrence.ResultsIn this cohort, median survival was 40.4 months with 5‐year survival of 28.8%. Overall, 9.2% of patients had a local recurrence (3.6% for tumors 3 cm or less). On univariate analysis, factors associated with decreased survival were BMI (P = 0.045), rectal primary (P = 0.005), and increased tumor size (P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, increased tumor size (HR 1.29 [95% CI: 1.04–1.59]; P = 0.020) and bilobar disease (HR 2.06 [95% CI: 1.02–4.15]; P = 0.044) were associated with decreased survival. On univariate analysis, only BMI was found to be associated with disease recurrence (P = 0.025).ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that laparoscopic RFA can achieve a median survival of 40.4 months with a low local recurrence rate. Patients with tumors 3 cm or less have a decreased risk of local recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:324–328. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio correlates with tumor size in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Liu Chien‐Liang , Lee Jie‐Jen , Liu Tsang‐Pai , Chang Yuan‐Ching , Hsu Yi‐Chiung , Cheng Shih‐Ping 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInflammation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of thyroid cancer. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple index of systemic inflammatory response, and has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between NLR and clinicopathological features in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.MethodsTotal white blood cell and differential counts of 159 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were compared to those of 318 age‐ and sex‐matched controls undergoing thyroidectomy for benign thyroid nodules. Clinicopathological variables, stratified by NLR tertiles, were analyzed.ResultsThere was no difference in NLR between patients having benign and malignant thyroid nodules (P = 0.293). Cancer patients in the higher NLR tertile had significantly larger tumor size (P = 0.004). Higher NLR was observed in patients with high American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk of recurrence.ConclusionsHigh preoperative NLR was associated with increased tumor size and high ATA risk of recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:493–497. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of microcellular polymer/graphene nanocomposite foams
Authors: Shen Bin , Zhai Wentao , Lu Dingding , Zheng Wenge , Yan Qing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGraphene has recently gained revolutionary aspirations because of its remarkable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. These unique properties make it promising for preparing multifunctional nanocomposites. In recent years, polymer foams based on graphene have also received increasing attention in both the scientific and industrial communities. This review presents an overview of polymer/graphene nanocomposite foams discussing the production of graphene, the polymer functionalization of graphene and different polymer/graphene foams with different properties. One of the most promising avenues is to fabricate tough and lightweight materials with superior electrical and electromagnetic interference shielding properties. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Thin‐film polycrystalline silicon solar cells formed by diode laser crystallisation
Authors: Dore Jonathon , Evans Rhett , Schubert Ute , Eggleston Bonne D. , Ong Daniel , Kim Kyung , Huang Jialiang , Kunz Oliver , Keevers Mark , Egan Renate , Varlamov Sergey , Green Martin A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTPolycrystalline silicon films of 10 μm thickness are formed on glass in a single‐step continuous wave diode laser crystallisation process, creating large crystal grains up to 1 mm wide and 10 mm long. Solar cells are formed on the layers by employing a rear point contacting scheme. Intermediate layers between the glass and the silicon are shown to heavily influence the cell characteristics. A stack of silicon oxide/silicon nitride/silicon oxide has produced the best cell efficiency so far of 8.4 % with open‐circuit voltage of 557 mV. With simple optimisation of the contacting scheme, 10 % efficient cells are expected in the near future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On adaptive sliding mode control without switching gain overestimation
Authors: Cong B.L. , Chen Z. , Liu X.D. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents some further results on adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) for a class of nonlinear systems with bounded uncertain parameters. Given a large initial tracking error, current ASMC design generally produces an unnecessarily large switching gain, consequently leading to a serious chattering problem or a large‐amplitude control jump for the continuous counterpart. To solve such an overadaptation problem, the switching gain adaptation mechanism is first analyzed in this paper, and the adaptation induced by the initial tracking error is suggested to be removed. Then, by exploiting the global sliding mode feature of time‐varying sliding mode control and integral sliding mode control, we present two effective methodologies for ASMC design. The proposed ASMC algorithms ensure that there is no overestimation of the switching gain and the system response is not slowed down when a small switching gain is generated. The validity of the proposed methods is verified by both theoretical analysis and simulation results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exponential H ∞  filtering for stochastic Markovian jump systems with time delays
Authors: Chen Yun , Zheng Wei Xing 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the problem of exponential H ∞  filtering for stochastic systems with time delays and Markovian jumping parameters. On the basis of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional theory and generalized Finsler lemma, a delay‐dependent bounded real lemma is established without using any model transformations, bounding techniques for cross terms, or additional free matrix variables. The obtained bounded real lemma guarantees that the filtering error system is both mean‐square exponentially stable and almost surely exponentially stable with a prescribed H ∞  noise attenuation level. Then an exponential H ∞  filter is designed for stochastic retarded Markovian jump systems in terms of a set of LMIs. Meanwhile, the mathematical equivalence of the proposed method to one recent method is presented, but our proposed method is more computationally efficient with fewer matrix variables than that recent method. The validity of the method is verified by a numerical example.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
18F‐FDG Uptake at Initial Staging of the Adrenocortical Cancers: A Diagnostic Tool but Not of Prognostic Value
Authors: Tessonnier L. , Ansquer C. , Bournaud C. , Sebag F. , Mirallié E. , Lifante J. C. , Palazzo F. F. , Morange I. , Drui D. , de la Foucardère C. , Mancini J. , Taïeb D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer for which little level evidence exists to guide management. 18F‐FDG PET (18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) is an increasingly used diagnostic tool in patients with suspicious or indeterminate adrenal tumors. In some other solid tumors, 18F‐FDG PET may offer prognostic information that can guide optimal patient treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether preoperative 18F‐FDG PET based on SUVs assessments has a prognostic value in ACC patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in patients who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT for the evaluation of ACC. Inclusion criteria were an unequivocal diagnosis of ACC; all data from primary diagnosis available; 18F‐FDG PET/CT performed prior to surgery or other treatment of the primary tumor; a minimum of 6‐months follow‐up for surviving patients. All 18F‐FDG PET/CT procedures were reinterpreted in a blind fashion.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (23 without metastasis [M0], 14 with metastasis [M1]) fulfilled the study criteria. Median uptake values were tumor standardized uptake values (SUV)max = 11 (range: 3–56) and a tumor/liver SUVmax ratio = 4.2 (range: 1.3–15). Median follow‐up was 20 months. Although classic risk factors (tumoral stage, Weiss score) were associated with poor outcome, there was no correlation between primary tumor FDG uptake with overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in M0 patients and with overall survival in M1 patients. 18F‐FDG uptake correlated inconsistently with sinister histological features, such as atypical mitoses or necrosis.ConclusionsAt initial staging, primary tumor FDG uptake in ACC patients does not correlate with OS and DFS at 2 years. Patient prognosis and treatment strategy should not be based on uptake values.
Swept wing boundary-layer receptivity to localized surface roughness
Authors: Tempelmann David , Schrader Lars-Uve , Hanifi Ardeshir , Brandt Luca , Henningson Dan S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe receptivity to localized surface roughness of a swept-wing boundary layer is studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS) and computations using the parabolized stability equations (PSEs). The DNS is laid out to reproduce wind tunnel experiments performed by Saric and coworkers, where micron-sized cylinders were used to trigger steady crossflow modes. The amplitudes of the roughness-induced fundamental crossflow wave and its superharmonics obtained from nonlinear PSE solutions agree excellently with the DNS results. A receptivity model using the direct and adjoint PSEs is shown to provide reliable predictions of the receptivity to roughness cylinders of different heights and chordwise locations. Being robust and computationally efficient, the model is well suited as a predictive tool of receptivity in flows of practical interest. The crossflow mode amplitudes obtained based on both DNS and PSE methods are 40 % of those measured in the experiments. Additional comparisons between experimental and PSE data for various disturbance wavelengths reveal that the measured disturbance amplitudes are consistently larger than those predicted by the PSE-based receptivity model by a nearly constant factor. Supplementary DNS and PSE computations suggest that possible natural leading-edge roughness and free-stream turbulence in the experiments are unlikely to account for this discrepancy. It is more likely that experimental uncertainties in the streamwise location of the roughness array and cylinder height are responsible for the additional receptivity observed in the experiments.
The structure of zonal jets in geostrophic turbulence
Authors: Scott Richard K. , Dritschel David G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe structure of zonal jets arising in forced-dissipative, two-dimensional turbulent flow on the $\ensuremath{\beta} $-plane is investigated using high-resolution, long-time numerical integrations, with particular emphasis on the late-time distribution of potential vorticity. The structure of the jets is found to depend in a simple way on a single non-dimensional parameter, which may be conveniently expressed as the ratio ${L}_{\mathit{Rh}} / {L}_{\varepsilon } $, where ${L}_{\mathit{Rh}} = \sqrt{U/ \ensuremath{\beta} } $ and ${L}_{\varepsilon } = \mathop{ (\varepsilon / {\ensuremath{\beta} }^{3} )}\nolimits ^{1/ 5} $ are two natural length scales arising in the problem; here $U$ may be taken as the r.m.s. velocity, $\ensuremath{\beta} $ is the background gradient of potential vorticity in the north–south direction, and $\varepsilon $ is the rate of energy input by the forcing. It is shown that jet strength increases with ${L}_{\mathit{Rh}} / {L}_{\varepsilon } $, with the limiting case of the potential vorticity staircase, comprising a monotonic, piecewise-constant profile in the north–south direction, being approached for ${L}_{\mathit{Rh}} / {L}_{\varepsilon } \ensuremath{\sim} O(10)$. At lower values, eddies created by the forcing become sufficiently intense to continually disrupt the steepening of potential vorticity gradients in the jet cores, preventing strong jets from developing. Although detailed features such as the regularity of jet spacing and intensity are found to depend on the spectral distribution of the forcing, the approach of the staircase limit with increasing ${L}_{\mathit{Rh}} / {L}_{\varepsilon } $ is robust across a variety of different forcing types considered.
Guinea's Political Prisoners: Colonial Models, Postcolonial Innovation
Authors: MacDonald Mairi S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMuch postcolonial theory assumes a continuity of both behavior and representation between colonial rule and what has succeeded it across sub-Saharan Africa. The maltreatment of political prisoners in Guinea in the wake of its brief invasion by Portuguese troops in November 1970 provides a challenging but ultimately fruitful empirical record against which to test this theory. I use an analytical approach informed by history, law, anthropology, and communications theory to explore continuities between the legal practices of French colonial and contemporary revolutionary regimes, on one hand, and Guinea's pursuit of supposed traitors, on the other. Though there is more discontinuity than direct inheritance in the administration of justice, the article argues that the representation of Guinea's colonial heritage was a central part of how President Sékou Touré legitimized his state and his own rule. I suggest that the colonial legacy operated more as a benchmark of what behavior might be acceptable in a postcolonial revolutionary state such as Guinea than as a linear precedent from French colonial rule to the Guinean revolution. The regime's representation of its colonial legacy also helps to explain the form, medium, and content of the political prisoners' broadcast confessions.