bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of the therapeutic efficacies between miriplatin and epirubicin
Authors: Handa Takahiro , Imai Yukinori , Sugawara Kayoko , Chikayama Taku , Nakazawa Manabu , Ando Satsuki , Hamaoka Kazuhiro , Inao Mie , Nakayama Nobuaki , Mochida Satoshi 
Published: August 2013

AimThe therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using miriplatin was evaluated in comparison with that using epirubicin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsTwo hundred and eight‐nine HCC patients receiving TACE were retrospectively enrolled; none of the patients gave a previous TACE history. The short‐term therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) performed 1 month later. In patients showing TE‐4, CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed repeatedly and the long‐term therapeutic efficacy was assessed based on local tumor recurrence.ResultsAfter exclusion of 68 patients (CT not performed at 1 month), 97 patients treated with epirubicin and 124 treated with miriplatin were analyzed. The percentage of patients showing TE‐4 was 46.8% in the miriplatin–TACE group, being significantly higher than that in the epirubicin–TACE group (33.0%). The cumulative local recurrence rates at 18 months were 71.2% in the miriplatin–TACE group and 43.1% in the epirubicin–TACE group; multivariate analysis revealed higher local tumor recurrence rates in the miriplatin–TACE group than in the epirubicin–TACE group.ConclusionFor HCC patients, although miriplatin–TACE was superior to epirubicin–TACE in the short term, it proved inferior to the latter in the long term. The merits of TACE using miriplatin should be further investigated, because adverse effects appear to be minimal after miriplatin administration.
Promoting the consumer voice in palliative care: exploring the possibility of using consumer impact statements
Authors: McConigley Ruth , Shelby‐James Tania , Currow David C 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt can be difficult to engage consumers in health decision making. This is particularly so in the area of palliative care, where consumers are very unwell and are unlikely to become involved in long‐term programmes that promote consumer input. This paper explores the possibility of using ‘Consumer Impact Statements’ to facilitate the inclusion of the viewpoint of people at the end of life in the process of policy and decision making, particularly in the area of subsidy of pharmaceuticals used in palliative care.Search StrategyA broad search was conducted to find information about the use of impact statements in any health field. The health literature and grey literature were searched to explore the use of Consumer Impact Statements to date.ResultsNo papers were found describing the use of Consumer Impact Statements in the palliative care setting. Health impact assessment is used in the areas of environmental health and community health. Impact statements are less commonly used in other areas of health, especially policy development, and no formal description of a Consumer Impact Statement was found.DiscussionThere is considerable scope for developing the use of Consumer Impact Statements to promote the consumer viewpoint in health decision making, because it will allow people who are otherwise unlikely to contribute to the public debate to have their views heard by decision makers.ConclusionThe use of Consumer Impact Statements is particularly suited to palliative care, given that consumers are often otherwise unable to contribute to the public debate.
A Lead‐Free and High‐Energy Density Ceramic for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Correia Tatiana M. , McMillen Mark , Rokosz Maciej K. , Weaver Paul M. , Gregg John M. , Viola Giuseppe , Cain Markys G 
Published: August 2013

In this work, we demonstrate a very high‐energy density and high‐temperature stability capacitor based on SrTiO3‐substituted BiFeO3 thin films. An energy density of 18.6 J/cm3 at 972 kV/cm is reported. The temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) was below 11% from room temperature up to 200°C. These results are of practical importance, because it puts forward a promising novel and environmentally friendly, lead‐free material, for high‐temperature applications in power electronics up to 200°C. Applications include capacitors for low carbon vehicles, renewable energy technologies, integrated circuits, and for the high‐temperature aerospace sector.
Accommodation, Accumulation, and Migration of Defects in Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2 MAX Phases
Authors: Middleburgh Simon C. , Lumpkin Greg R. , Riley Daniel 
Published: August 2013

We have determined the energetics of defect formation and migration in Mn+1AXn phases with M = Ti, A = Si or Al, X = C, and n = 3 using density functional theory calculations. In the Ti3SiC2 structure, the resulting Frenkel defect formation energies are 6.5 eV for Ti, 2.6 eV for Si, and 2.9 eV for C. All three interstitial species reside within the Si layer of the structure, the C interstitial in particular is coordinated to three Si atoms in a triangular configuration (C–Si = 1.889 Å) and to two apical Ti atoms (C–Ti = 2.057 Å). This carbon–metal bonding is typical of the bonding in the SiC and TiC binary carbides. Antisite defects were also considered, giving formation energies of 4.1 eV for Ti–Si, 17.3 eV for Ti–C, and 6.1 eV for Si–C. Broadly similar behavior was found for Frenkel and antisite defect energies in the Ti3AlC2 structure, with interstitial atoms preferentially lying in the analogous Al layer. Although the population of residual defects in both structures is expected to be dominated by C interstitials, the defect migration and Frenkel recombination mechanism in Ti3AlC2 is different and the energy is lower compared with the Ti3SiC2 structure. This effect, together with the observation of a stable C interstitial defect coordinated by three silicon species and two titanium species in Ti3SiC2, will have important implications for radiation damage response in these materials.
Retracted: Superoxide‐dependent uptake of vitamin C in human glioma cells
Authors: Rodríguez Federico S. , Salazar Katterine A. , Jara Nery A. , García‐Robles María A , Pérez Fernando , Ferrada Luciano E. , Martínez Fernando , Nualart Francisco J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGlioblastomas are lethal brain tumors that resist current cytostatic therapies. Vitamin C may antagonize the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating therapies; however, it is often used to reduce therapy‐related side effects despite its effects on therapy or tumor growth. Because the mechanisms of vitamin C uptake in gliomas are currently unknown, we evaluated the expression of the sodium‐vitamin C cotransporter (SVCT) and facilitative hexose transporter (GLUT) families in human glioma cells. In addition, as microglial cells can greatly infiltrate high‐grade gliomas (constituting up to 45% of cells in glioblastomas), the effect of TC620 glioma cell interactions with microglial‐like HL60 cells on vitamin C uptake (Bystander effect) was determined. Although glioma cells expressed high levels of the SVCT isoform‐2 (SVCT2), low functional activity, intracellular localization and the expression of the dominant‐negative isoform (dnSVCT2) were observed. The increased glucose metabolic activity of glioma cells was evident by the high 2‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) uptake rates through the GLUT isoform‐1 (GLUT1), the main DHA transporter in glioblastoma. Co‐culture of glioma cells and activated microglial‐like HL60 cells resulted in extracellular ascorbic acid oxidation and high DHA uptake by glioma cells. This Bystander effect may explain the high antioxidative potential observed in high‐grade gliomas.
imageThis study strongly suggests that the Bystander effect, that is, glioma cell interaction with oxidant‐producing microglia, could be an important mechanism for glioma vitamin C loading in the absence of functional sodium‐vitamin C cotransporter 2 (SVCT2) expression. The high cellular vitamin C load in glioma cells results from a high uptake of extracellular dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) generated by neighboring microglia. This Bystander effect may explain the high antioxidative potential observed in high‐grade gliomas, considering that high‐grade gliomas may be the only neoplasm where oxidant‐producing microglia can almost equal the number of tumor cells.
The effectiveness of different concentrations of chlorhexidine for prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Ting‐Ting , Tang Shan‐Shan , Fu Li‐Juan 
Published: August 2013

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia and explore the preferred concentration of chlorhexidine.BackgroundThe implementation of effective oral care measures could reduce the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia, but among several randomised controlled trials, whether using chlorhexidine is effective and which concentration is more appropriate remain controversial.DesignA meta‐analysis was conducted.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, China Biology Medicine disc and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to collect randomised controlled trials of mechanically ventilated adult patients receiving oral care with chlorhexidine to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia. The quality of randomised controlled trials was critically appraised, data were extracted by two reviewers independently, and disagreement was resolved by consensus. Meta‐analyses were conducted for the eligible randomised controlled trials by revman 5.1. Relative risks and 95% CIs were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel model, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test.ResultsEighteen randomised controlled trials were included and a meta‐analysis was used. All studies indicated chlorhexidine could significantly prevent and reduce the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia [RR = 0·59, 95% CI (0·50–0·69), p < 0·00001]. Nine studies showed 0·12% chlorhexidine had a significant effect [RR = 0·53, 95% CI (0·43–0·67), p < 0·00001]. Three studies proved the effect of the 2% chlorhexidine on the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia [RR = 0·55, 95% CI (0·37–0·81), p = 0·002].ConclusionChlorhexidine can prevent and reduce the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Chlorhexidine of 0·12% has the best effect on the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia according to the meta‐analysis, cost analysis, adverse reactions and drug resistance analysis.Relevance to clinical practiceVentilator‐associated pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit, and implementing effective oral care can reduce the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Chlorhexidine of 0·12% is recommended in our study.
On the Cross‐Cultural Replicability of the Resilient, Undercontrolled, and Overcontrolled Personality Types
Authors: Alessandri Guido , Vecchione Michele , Donnellan Brent M. , Eisenberg Nancy , Caprara Gian Vittorio , Cieciuch Jan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPersonality types reflect typical configurations of personality attributes within individuals. Over the last 20 years, researchers have identified a set of three replicable personality types: resilient (R), undercontrolled (U), and overcontrolled (O) types. In this study, we examined the cross‐cultural replicability of the RUO types in Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United States. Personality types were identified using cluster analyses of Big Five profiles in large samples of college students from Italy (n = 322), the United States (n = 499), Spain (n = 420), and Poland (n = 235). Prior to clustering the profiles, the measurement invariance of the Big Five measure across samples was tested. We found evidence for the RUO types in all four samples. The three‐cluster solution showed a better fit over alternative solutions and had a relatively high degree of cross‐cultural generalizability. The RUO types are evident in samples from four countries with distinct linguistic and cultural traditions. Results were discussed in light of the importance of considering how traits are organized within individuals for advancing contemporary personality psychology.
Popularity as a Moderator of Peer Selection and Socialization of Adolescent Alcohol, Marijuana, and Tobacco Use
Authors: Mathys Cécile , Burk William J. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: August 2013

This study examined prospective associations between late adolescents’ friendships and substance use (alcohol, marijuana, tobacco) using a stochastic actor‐based modeling approach and the moderating role of popularity. Participants were 450 adolescents (53% female, M age = 15.5 years) who completed surveys in grades 10 and 11. Results of a single multivariate model indicated that peer selection based on similar tobacco use was a more robust predictor of changes in friendship than selection based on similar alcohol and marijuana use; and peer socialization of alcohol use predicted more changes in adolescent‐drinking behaviors. Popularity moderated selection based on alcohol use; popular adolescents were more likely to select friends with high levels of drinking behaviors. Popularity did not moderate peer socialization.
Adolescents’ Intake of Junk Food: Processes and Mechanisms Driving Consumption Similarities Among Friends
Authors: de la Haye Kayla , Robins Garry , Mohr Philip , Wilson Carlene 
Published: August 2013

Adolescents’ consumption of low‐nutrient, energy‐dense (LNED) food often occurs out of home, and friends may be an important source of influence. This study tested whether observed similarities in LNED food intake among friends result from social influence and also explored underlying psychological mechanisms. Three waves of data were collected over 1 year from Grade 8 students in Australia (N = 378, 54% male), including measures of food intake and related cognitions, and friendships to grademates. The results of longitudinal social network models show that adolescent intake was predicted by their friends’ intake, accounting for pre‐existing similarities and other potentially confounding factors. Changes to adolescents’ beliefs about LNED food do not appear to be the mechanisms underpinning influence from their friends.
Competition, Envy, or Snobbism? How Popularity and Friendships Shape Antipathy Networks of Adolescents
Authors: Berger Christian , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis 
Published: August 2013

This study examined how status (popularity) and friendship relations affected the development of adolescents’ dislike relations (i.e., antipathy networks) over time. Three competing hypotheses were formulated about the role of status: antipathy relations result from either similarity in status (competition hypothesis) or dissimilarity in status when lower status peers reject higher status peers (envy hypothesis) or vice versa (snobbism hypothesis). Hypotheses were tested in a longitudinal sample of adolescents from Chile (fifth to sixth grade; 52% boys; N = 273). Antipathy and friendship networks were examined simultaneously using longitudinal social network modeling (SIENA). Higher status adolescents were more likely to reject their lower status peers, in line with the snobbism hypothesis. Furthermore, best friends tended to agree upon which peers to reject over time.
DOES FIRM OWNERSHIP AFFECT SPILLOVER OPPORTUNITIES? EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Kamal Fariha 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe clustering of economic activity is believed to generate both positive own‐industry (localization) spillovers and negative competitive pressures. Using data on manufacturing enterprises operating in China during 1998–2006, this paper provides evidence on the net effect of opposing spillovers from nearby economic activity. Central to the analysis is the opportunity to distinguish local manufacturing enterprises by state, private, or foreign ownership. Systematic differences in average productivity of these firms enable inferences about differences in the strength of spillovers from one type of firm to another type. Results indicate that spillovers are larger within the same ownership type than they are across them, consistent with localization economies that operate within segmented channels of influence.
Quantitative Analysis of Fecal Flora in Goat Kids with and without Floppy Kid Syndrome
Authors: Bleul U. , Fassbind N. , Ghielmetti G. , Zoller D. , Liesegang A. , Hässig M. , Wittenbrink M.M. , Prohaska S. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundFloppy kid syndrome (FKS) affects goat kids in the first month of life and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The condition is characterized by neurological signs that can be ascribed to increased plasma d‐lactate concentrations. The source of d‐lactate has not been identified conclusively, but d‐lactate‐producing bacteria in the large intestine are thought to be involved.ObjectivesTo determine the number of colony‐forming unit (CFUs) of certain groups of bacteria in the feces of kids with and without FKS.AnimalsNineteen goat kids with clinical signs of FKS, acidemia (pH ≤ 7.2), and plasma d‐lactate concentration >7 mM and 15 healthy goat kids without acidemia (pH >7.2) and d‐lactate concentration <1 mM.MethodsIn this case‐control study, the goat kids were examined clinically and blood was collected to measure d‐lactate concentration, blood gases, and acid–base parameters. Fecal samples were collected and the total aerobic bacterial count and CFU counts of coliforms, enterococci, staphylococci, streptococci, lactobacilli, and clostridia were determined using the surface plating method.ResultsGoat kids with FKS had a mean plasma d‐lactate concentration of 10.9 ± 3.7 mM compared with 0.3 ± 0.9 mM in healthy kids, and significantly greater CFU counts for enterococci, streptococci, staphylococci, and lactobacilli than healthy kids.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe groups of bacteria present in greater numbers in the feces of goat kids with FKS include several d‐lactate‐producing species, which makes dysbacteriosis a likely cause of the increased plasma d‐lactate concentration in FKS.
Adiponectin and lipoprotein metabolism
Authors: Christou G. A. , Kiortsis D. N. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAdiponectin is secreted by the adipose tissue and it has been shown to be down‐regulated in states of insulin resistance and in cardiovascular disease. It has also been found to be correlated with various parameters of lipoprotein metabolism, and in particular, it is associated with the metabolism of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides; adiponectin appears to induce an increase in serum HDL, and conversely, HDL can up‐regulate adiponectin levels, and in addition, adiponectin lowers serum triglycerides through enhancement of the catabolism of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins. Studies investigating whether adiponectin is causally linked with lipoprotein metabolism have yielded conflicting data, and the mechanisms underlying the interplay between adiponectin and lipoproteins remain to be elucidated. The adiponectin–HDL relationship can explain at least in part the presumed protective role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disease and the adiponectin changes observed after dieting, exercise and lipid‐lowering treatment. Statins, fibrates, niacin and n‐3 fatty acids may influence circulating adiponectin levels, indicating that adiponectin may mediate some of the metabolic effects of these agents. Further studies to investigate more thoroughly the role of adiponectin in lipoprotein metabolism in the human setting should be carefully planned, focusing on causality and the possible impact of adiponectin on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Pediatric preoperative blood ordering: when is a type and screen or crossmatch really needed?
Authors: Fernández Allison M. , Cronin Jessica , Greenberg Robert S. , Heitmiller Eugenie S. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundUnnecessary testing for and ordering of blood products adds to overall healthcare costs.ObjectivesDetermine intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) product utilization for pediatric procedures and costs associated with perioperative testing and ordering.MethodsA retrospective chart review captured perioperative blood testing and intraoperative transfusion data for patients <19 years of age who underwent noncardiac surgery over a 13‐month period at one tertiary care hospital. The main outcome measure was cost associated with testing for blood products in patients undergoing procedures that had a zero rate of transfusion.ResultsThe intraoperative transfusion rate for 8620 noncardiac pediatric procedures was 2.78%. Of 8380 nontransfused patients, 707 (8.4%) had type and screen, and of those, 420 (5%) were crossmatched for RBC products in preparation for surgery. The 10 surgical procedures that had the highest perioperative blood testing but no instances of transfusion were as follows: colostomy or ileostomy takedown, spinal cord untethering, tunneled catheter placement, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, elbow reduction and fixation, lumbar puncture, suboccipital craniectomy, hip arthrogram, percutaneous intravascular central line, and tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Procedures with low transfusion probability and high crossmatch testing were ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision and growing rod distraction. For all nontransfused patients, the cost of obtaining type and screen was $31 815, and the cost for crossmatch was $25 200.ConclusionPatients may undergo preoperative type and screen or crossmatch for procedures rarely associated with transfusion. Historic transfusion probability may be used to predict need for transfusion for specific surgical procedures and reduce unnecessary perioperative testing and associated costs.
From Peacemaker to Warmonger? Explaining Denmark's Great Power Politics
Authors: Wivel Anders 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDanish post‐Cold War security policy is typically portrayed as a transformation from an anti‐militaristic and multilateralist member of a Nordic bloc in international relations promoting international solidarity and global peace into an activist proponent of a liberal world order to be defended by military means when necessary. Focusing on Danish peace policy, this article puts forward a contending analysis arguing that what appears as change entails a considerable amount of continuity. Now, as in the past, the Danish contribution to international peace reflects a combination of international demand and the ability and willingness of Danish policy‐makers to meet this demand in accordance with their liberal‐egalitarian values and pragmatic approach to international relations.
Intradiploic hematoma of the frontal bone with secondary exophthalmos in a mare
Authors: Kafarnik Christiane , Donaldson David , Payne Richard , Holloway Andrew 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA 13‐year‐old cob mare was presented with exophthalmos and periocular swelling of the left eye. The diagnostic work‐up included ocular ultrasound, sonographic examination through the thinned frontal bone, radiography, standing computed tomography of the skull and exploratory osteoplastic surgery. Histopathology was consistent with an organized hematoma. An intradiploic hematoma of the frontal bone was diagnosed 5 years after head trauma, with progressive expansion and deformation of the skull resulting in exophthalmos. Exophthalmos with facial bone deformation was the only clinical finding of intradiploic hematoma. Standing computed tomography (CT) aided the diagnosis to differentiate intradiploic hematoma from other, more common causes of facial bone distortion associated with paranasal sinus diseases. Intradiploic hematoma of possible traumatic origin is a differential diagnosis for sinonasal disease and exophthalmos in the horse.