bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape Memory Particles Capable of Controlled Geometric and Chemical Asymmetry made from Aliphatic Polyesters
Authors: Brosnan Sarah M. , Jackson Anne‐Martine S. , Wang Yapei , Ashby Valerie Sheares 
Published: July 2014

A novel method for producing monodisperse micro‐ and nanosized shape memory particles from various shape memory polymers (SMPs) is reported. This method uses a polydimethylsiloxane mold to uniformly deform particles from complex shapes to other well‐defined shapes, harvest them without aggressive solvents or heat, and then return them to their original shapes upon heating above a preselected trigger temperature. By manipulating the material properties of both the mold and SMP, monodisperse asymmetric particles are easily achieved. This method is demonstrated with traditional SMPs and polymers with varying degrees of reactive functionality, crystallinity, and transition temperature. This additional reactivity and the robustness of this system allow easy tailoring of the surface with click chemistry to achieve chemical asymmetry.
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Microstructure of a recycled AA7050 alloy processed by spray forming followed by hot extrusion and rotary swaging
Authors: de Bribean Guerra A. P. , Ellendt N. , Uhlenwinkel V. , Pereira da Silva P. S. C. , Bolfarini C. 
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructure of a recycled AA7050 alloy processed by spray forming followed by hot extrusion and swaging. Machining chips from an aircraft manufacturer were used as raw material. The microstructure was investigated by optical microscopy (MO) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The spray formed deposit was homogenized at 743 K, 8 h, extruded at 693 K with a deformation rate of 0.1 s–1 and an extrusion rate of 156:1, producing a bar with 8.0 mm in diameter. Due to a specific combination of high extrusion temperature and deformation rate, partial recrystallization occurred and different grain sizes were obtained through the extruded cross section. After extrusion, the 8.0 mm bar was processed by rotary swaging in several steps up to a 2.0 mm final diameter. The resulting microstructure revealed a cold worked structure, with no recrystallization. Tensile tests were performed in both cases and the slant type of fracture reveals that Portevin Le‐Chatelier effect took place in this alloy. Moreover, the efficacy of extrusion and rotary swaging parameters to reduce the porosity, intrinsic to the spray form process, was analyzed, as well the distribution of intermetallic particles.
Outcome reliability in non‐Ambulatory Boys/Men with duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Connolly Anne M. , Malkus Elizabeth C. , Mendell Jerry R. , Flanigan Kevin M. , Miller J. Philip , Schierbecker Jeanine R. , Siener Catherine A. , Golumbek Paul T. , Zaidman Craig M. , Mcdonald Craig M. , Johnson Linda , Nicorici Alina , Karachunski Peter I. , Day John W. , Kelecic Jason M. , Lowes Linda P. , Alfano Lindsay N. , Darras Basil T. , Kang Peter B. , Quigley Janet , Pasternak Amy E. , Florence Julaine M. ,   MDA DMD Clinical Research Network
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Therapeutic trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) often exclude non‐ambulatory individuals. Here we establish optimal and reliable assessments in a multicenter trial. Methods: Non‐ambulatory boys/men with DMD (N = 91; 16.7 ± 4.5 years of age) were assessed by trained clinical evaluators. Feasibility (percentage completing task) and reliability [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between morning and afternoon tests] were measured. Results: Forced vital capacity (FVC), assessed in all subjects, showed a mean of 47.8 ± 22% predicted (ICC 0.98). Brooke Upper Extremity Functional Rating (Brooke) and Egen Klassifikation (EK) scales in 100% of subjects showed ICCs ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. Manual muscle testing, range of motion, 9‐hole peg test, and Jebsen‐Taylor Hand Function Test (JHFT) demonstrated varied feasibility (99% to 70%), with ICCs ranging from 0.99 to 0.64. We found beneficial effects of different forms of corticosteroids for the Brooke scale, percent predicted FVC, and hand and finger strength. Conclusions: Reliable assessment of non‐ambulatory boys/men with DMD is possible. Clinical trials will have to consider corticosteroid use. Muscle Nerve 51: 522–532, 2015
Placental hematoma mimicking twin anemia–polycythemia sequence following selective laser photocoagulation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Sela Hen Y. , Miller Russell , Abellar Rosanna G. , Simpson Lynn L. 
Published: July 2014

What's already known about this topic?Fetal anemia can develop in 2–13% of pregnancies following laser photocoagulation for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome. In such cases, twin anemia‐polycythemia sequence is the most common diagnosis that might mandate further interventions.What does this study add?We describe a case of placental hematoma following selective laser photocoagulation for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome associated with post‐therapy de novo donor twin anemia.
Do markets mitigate misperceptions of feedback?
Authors: Kampmann Christian Erik , Sterman John D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractExperimental studies of dynamic decision making generally show poor performance. Most, however, lack market mechanisms, specifically price setting, while economic theory suggests markets should mitigate individual decision errors. We develop experimental markets to explore whether different price institutions improve performance in dynamic decision tasks. We find: (i) dynamic complexity degrades performance substantially relative to optimal despite the inclusion of different pricing mechanisms; and (ii) markets improve performance, though it remains significantly below optimal. We estimate decision rules for each actor; results reject the hypothesis of rationality at the individual level but support behavioral decision rules consistent with bounded rationality. Simulations using the estimated decision rules reproduce key features of market dynamics. Decision timing data and verbal protocols show that greater task complexity leads subjects to ignore important aspects of the environment, particularly strategic interactions among participants. Markets moderate but do not eliminate misperceptions of feedback. Copyright © 2014 System Dynamics Society
Translational possibility of [18F]Mefway to image serotonin 1A receptors in humans: Comparison with [18F]FCWAY in rodents
Authors: Choi Jae Yong , Kim Byoung Soo , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Dong Goo , Han Sang Jin , Lee Kyochul , Kim Kyeong Min , An Gwangil , Choi Tae Hyun , Yoo Sun Dong , Ryu Young Hoon 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPurpose: To compare the cerebral uptake and binding potential of [18F]FCWAY and [18F]Mefway in the rodent to assess their potential for imaging serotonin 1A (5‐HT1A) receptors. Materials and Methods: In vitro liver microsomal studies were performed to evaluate the degree of defluorination. Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) studies were then conducted for 2 h with or without an anti‐defluorination agent. The regions of interest were the hippocampus and frontal cortex (5‐HT1A target regions) and the cerebellum (5‐HT1A nontarget region). The in vivo kinetics of the radioligands were compared based on the brain uptake values and target‐to‐nontarget ratio. We also performed a comparison of binding potential (BPND) as a steady‐state binding parameter. Finally, binding affinities to 5‐HT1A receptors were assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO‐K1) cells expressing human recombinant 5‐HT1A receptors. Results: The radiochemical yield of [18F]Mefway was slightly higher than that of [18F]FCWAY (19 vs. 15%). With regard to metabolic stability against defluorination, both compounds exhibited similar stability in rat liver microsomes, but [18F]Mefway displayed higher stability in the human microsome (defluorination ratio at 30 min: 32 vs. 29 in rat liver microsomes, 31 vs. 64 in human liver microsomes for [18F]Mefway and [18F]FCWAY, respectively). There were no significant differences in brain uptake, the target‐to‐nontarget ratios, and the BPND (at hippocampus, peak brain uptakes: 6.9 vs. 8.5, target‐to‐nontarget ratios: 6.9 vs. 8.5, BPND: 5.2 vs. 6.2 for [18F]Mefway and [18F]FCWAY). The binding affinity of [18F]Mefway was considerably higher than that of [18F]FCWAY (IC50 : 1.5 nM vs. 2.2 nM). Conclusion: [18F]Mefway exhibits favorable characteristics compared to [18F]FCWAY in rodents, and may be a promising radioligand for use in human subjects. Synapse 68:595–603, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heart disease regulations: implications for work and play – part 1
Authors: Mills Nicholas L. , Boon Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRegulatory authorities may exclude men with heart disease from specific occupations or activities to protect the individual and those around them. Clinicians are often asked to explain the rationale for these restrictions, and may be asked to provide advice on the safety of a diverse range of recreational activities. In the first of two articles, the authors outline the concept of acceptable risk and discuss the implications for patients with coronary artery disease and implanted devices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons.
Interpretation of PSA levels after radical therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Goonewardene Sanchia S. , Phull Jaspal S. , Bahl Amit , Persad Raj A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProstate‐specific antigen plays a role in active surveillance and postoperative monitoring of prostate cancer patients. The authors discuss PSA screening, and consider some of the problems involved in interpretation of PSA levels after radical prostatectomy, radical radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons.
Toward a theoretical framework for integrated modeling of hydrological change
Authors: Ceola Serena , Montanari Alberto , Koutsoyiannis Demetris 
Published: July 2014

In an attempt to provide a unified scheme for the simulation of changing behaviors of hydrological systems, a theoretical framework for stationary and non‐stationary modeling is presented. The main triggers for hydrological change are reviewed, their impact on the long‐term properties of the inherent system are analyzed, and theoretical solutions are proposed for their representation. Model calibration is also discussed along with the impact of hydrological change on simulation uncertainty. Non‐stationarity and its simulation are examined as well. We propose a stochastic approach that is general, and allows a comprehensive treatment of uncertainty. The proposed framework is relevant to integrated modeling of hydrology and human impacts and therefore fits into the concepts of ‘Panta Rhei’, the scientific decade 2013–2022 promoted by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences.WIREs Water2014, 1:427–438. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1038This article is categorized under:Science of Water > Hydrological ProcessesEngineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of WaterScience of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Cell‐intrinsic timing in animal development
Authors: Moss Eric G. , Romer‐Seibert Jennifer 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn certain instances we can witness cells controlling the sequence of their behaviors as they divide and differentiate. Striking examples occur in the nervous systems of animals where the order of differentiated cell types can be traced to internal changes in their progenitors. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying such cell fate succession has been of interest for its role in generating cell type diversity and proper tissue structure. Another well‐studied instance of developmental timing occurs in the larva of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where the heterochronic gene pathway controls the succession of a variety of developmental events. In each case, the identification of molecules involved and the elucidation of their regulatory relationships is ongoing, but some important factors and dynamics have been revealed. In particular, certain homologs of worm heterochronic factors have been shown to work in neural development, alerting us to possible connections among these systems and the possibility of universal components of timing mechanisms. These connections also cause us to consider whether cell‐intrinsic timing is more widespread, regardless of whether multiple differentiated cell types are produced in any particular order.This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory RNA
A new market‐based climate change solution achieving 2°C and equity
Authors: Nishimura Mutsuyoshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCurrent climate change strategies seem increasingly incapable of averting planetary catastrophe. The United Nations (UN) strategy places responsibility for CO2 reduction on governments, but governments by nature seek lower burdens. Moreover, arbitrary, ambition‐based pledges seriously fail to produce what science tells us is necessary to achieve any identified climate target. In addition, climate financing holds little hope as increasingly dire fiscal circumstances are to persist for decades. The time has come to seek a new effective system before it is too late. Such a system would cap global emissions with a global carbon budget that achieves the adopted target. The most cost‐effective plan is to put a global price on carbon, which can be accomplished by creating a global upstream carbon market. In such a market system, a limited amount of allowances would be sold to polluters. It would achieve the target most cost‐effectively, raise new revenue from the sales of allowances which would help vulnerable countries in their energy transition and low‐carbon sustainable growth. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:133–138. doi: 10.1002/wene.131This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Energy Research & Innovation > Economics and Policy
Recent improvements and challenges in Fukushima: prefecture's economy and living environment
Authors: Ofuji Kenta 
Published: July 2014

Today as we approach the 3‐year mark since the earthquake disaster and nuclear accident, Fukushima Prefecture's economy is gradually improving, albeit not yet completely, and the living environment in urban areas is showing signs of recovery. Yet much remains to be done to reassure people, who have still not returned home since evacuating, about their fears concerning radiation, and to dispel harmful rumors about the tourism and the farming and fishing industries. In this article, I raise three issues: (1) decontamination and target dose, (2) contaminated water and revival of the fishing industry, and (3) a vision for the industrialization of renewable energy; and present examples of the progress made in recent efforts in these three issues to close the gap between the ideal and reality. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:307–315. doi: 10.1002/wene.139This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis and simultaneous remotion of organic inhibitors from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by Burkholderia sp.
Authors: Lopes Mateus Schreiner Garcez , Gomez José Gregório Cabrera , Taciro Marilda Keico , Mendonça Thatiane Teixeira , Silva Luiziana Ferreira 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Burkholderia sp. F24, originally isolated from soil, was capable of growth on xylose and removed organic inhibitors present in a hemicellulosic hydrolysate and simultaneously produced poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB). Using non-detoxified hydrolysate, Burkholderia sp. F24 reached a cell dry weight (CDW) of 6.8 g L−1, containing 48 % of P3HB and exhibited a volumetric productivity (PP3HB) of 0.10 g L−1 h−1. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate copolymers (P3HB-co-3HV) were produced using xylose and levulinic acid (LA) as carbon sources. In shake flask cultures, the 3HV content in the copolymer increased from 9 to 43 mol% by adding LA from 1.0 to 5.0 g L−1. In high cell density cultivation using concentrated hemicellulosic hydrolysate F24 reached 25.04 g L−1 of CDW containing 49 % of P3HB and PP3HB of 0.28 g L−1 h−1. Based on these findings, second-generation ethanol and bioplastics from sugarcane bagasse is proposed.
Expanding efforts to address Alzheimer's disease: The Healthy Brain Initiative
Authors: Anderson Lynda A. , Egge Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe growing burden of Alzheimer's disease underscores the importance of enhancing current public health efforts to address dementia. Public health organizations and entities have substantial opportunities to contribute to efforts underway and to add innovations to the field. The Alzheimer's Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention worked with a 15‐member leadership committee and hundreds of stakeholders to create The Healthy Brain Initiative: The Public Health Road Map for State and National Partnerships, 2013–2018 (Road Map). The actions in the Road Map provide a foundation for the public health community to anticipate and respond to emerging innovations and developments. It will be a challenge to harness the increasingly complex nature of public‐ and private‐sector collaborations. We must strengthen the capacity of public health agencies, leverage partnerships, and find new ways to integrate cognitive functioning into public health efforts.
Medical Screening After a Coal Fly Ash Spill in Roane County, Tennessee
Authors: Nichols Gregory P. , Cragle Donna L. , Benitez John G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the health of community residents following a coal fly ash spill at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant in Harriman, Tennessee, on December 22, 2008.MethodsA uniform health assessment was developed by epidemiologists at Oak Ridge Associated Universities and medical toxicologists at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Residents who believed that their health may have been affected by the coal fly ash spill were invited to participate in the medical screening program.ResultsAmong the 214 individuals who participated in the screening program, the most commonly reported symptoms were related to upper airway irritation. No evidence of heavy metal toxicity was found.ConclusionsThis is the first report, to our knowledge, regarding the comprehensive health evaluation of a community after a coal fly ash spill. Because this evaluation was voluntary, the majority of residents screened represented those with a high percentage of symptoms and concerns about the potential for toxic exposure. Based on known toxicity of the constituents present in the coal fly ash, health complaints did not appear to be related to the fly ash. This screening model could be used to assess immediate or baseline toxicity concerns after other disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–8)
Assessing Household Natural Disaster Preparedness in Shiraz, Iran, 2011: Results of a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Survey
Authors: Mahdaviazad Hamideh , Abdolahifar Gholamreza 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivePublic education and training that focus on appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and practices have had a crucial role in preparedness. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of households regarding natural disasters in Shiraz, Iran.MethodsIn this cross-sectional descriptive study, we used a stratified random sampling technique. The data collection tool was a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed in through face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical software package (version 16).ResultsThe overall mean scores were 7.3±2.0 for knowledge, 26.3±6.5 for attitudes, and 5.2±2.2 for practices. Mean scores for all 3 factors were higher in women and married participants. In other comparisons, the differences were statistically significant only for the associations between gender and the score for practices. The mean knowledge score was lower in illiterate participants than in other categories of educational status.ConclusionOur findings showed that the knowledge of households regarding disaster preparedness was encouraging, but that of attitudes and practices might be improved through a greater focus on motivational educational programs and cooperation among the organizations involved in public awareness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–4)
On grid-generated turbulence in the near- and far field regions
Authors: Isaza Juan C. , Salazar Ricardo , Warhaft Zellman 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUsing a conventional bi-planar turbulence-generating grid, we confirm the recent findings (Valente & Vassilicos,Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, 2012, art. 214503) that show there is a turbulence decay region close to the generating grid that departs from the ‘classical’ turbulence decay (Comte-Bellot & Corrsin,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 25, 1966, pp. 657–682). In this ‘near-field’ region, the turbulence energy decays more rapidly than in the far-field and it exhibits unusual scaling properties. Based on the velocity decay laws, we show that for our conventional grid, the near-field extends from$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}x/M \sim 6$to$x/M \sim 12$where$x$is the downstream distance from the grid and$M$is the mesh size. This corresponds to$1.1 \le x/x* \le 2.3$where$x*$is the wake interaction length scale (Mazellier & Vassilicos,Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, art. 075101). However, other statistics (velocity derivatives and length-scale ratios) indicate that the extent of the initial period depends on the grid mesh Reynolds number,$R_M$, extending further for higher values of$R_M$. In the near-field the turbulence approaches isotropy both at the large and small scales but there still is inhomogeneity in the derivative statistics. The derivative skewness also departs from values observed at comparable Reynolds numbers in the far-field decay region, and in other turbulent flows at comparable Reynolds numbers. Two values of$R_M$were studied:$42 \times 10^3$and$76 \times 10^3$.
The effects of learning on wellbeing for older adults in England
Authors: JENKINS ANDREW , MOSTAFA TAREK 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThere is growing interest in factors which can contribute to the wellbeing of older adults. Participation in learning could have beneficial effects, but to date research on the benefits of learning has tended to focus on young people or those in mid-life and there is currently little evidence on the impact of learning on the wellbeing of older adults. In this paper we provide new, quantitative evidence on the relationship between participation in learning and the wellbeing of older adults. Our study used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a continuing, longitudinal survey of older adults. To measure wellbeing we used the CASP-19 instrument, a subjective wellbeing measure which is available at all waves of the ELSA survey. Respondents were asked about four types of learning activity: obtaining qualifications; attendance at formal education/training courses; membership of education, music or arts groups or evening classes; membership of sports clubs, gym and exercise classes. To take account of unobservable factors which might influence wellbeing, we applied fixed effects panel regressions to four waves of ELSA data. Learning was associated with higher wellbeing after controlling for a range of other factors. We found evidence that more informal types of learning were associated with higher wellbeing. There was no evidence that formal education/training courses were associated with higher wellbeing.