bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepping Into a Map: Initial Heading Direction Influences Spatial Memory Flexibility
Authors: Gagnon Stephanie A. , Brunyé Tad T. , Gardony Aaron , Noordzij Matthijs L. , Mahoney Caroline R. , Taylor Holly A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLearning a novel environment involves integrating first‐person perceptual and motoric experiences with developing knowledge about the overall structure of the surroundings. The present experiments provide insights into the parallel development of these egocentric and allocentric memories by intentionally conflicting body‐ and world‐centered frames of reference during learning, and measuring outcomes via online and offline measures. Results of two experiments demonstrate faster learning and increased memory flexibility following route perspective reading (Experiment 1) and virtual navigation (Experiment 2) when participants begin exploring the environment on a northward (vs. any other direction) allocentric heading. We suggest that learning advantages due to aligning body‐centered (left/right/forward/back) with world‐centered (NSEW) reference frames are indicative of three features of spatial memory development and representation. First, memories for egocentric and allocentric information develop in parallel during novel environment learning. Second, cognitive maps have a preferred orientation relative to world‐centered coordinates. Finally, this preferred orientation corresponds to traditional orientation of physical maps (i.e., north is upward), suggesting strong associations between daily perceptual and motor experiences and the manner in which we preferentially represent spatial knowledge.
Cat Got Your Tongue? Using the Tip‐of‐the‐Tongue State to Investigate Fixed Expressions
Authors: Nordmann Emily , Cleland Alexandra A. , Bull Rebecca 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDespite the fact that they play a prominent role in everyday speech, the representation and processing of fixed expressions during language production is poorly understood. Here, we report a study investigating the processes underlying fixed expression production. “Tip‐of‐the‐tongue” (TOT) states were elicited for well‐known idioms (e.g., hit the nail on the head) and participants were asked to report any information they could regarding the content of the phrase. Participants were able to correctly report individual words for idioms that they could not produce. In addition, participants produced both figurative (e.g., pretty for easy on the eye) and literal errors (e.g., hammer for hit the nail on the head) when in a TOT state, suggesting that both figurative and literal meanings are active during production. There was no effect of semantic decomposability on overall TOT incidence; however, participants recalled a greater proportion of words for decomposable rather than non‐decomposable idioms. This finding suggests there may be differences in how decomposable and non‐decomposable idioms are retrieved during production.
Conservation in a Wicked Complex World; Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Game Edward T. , Meijaard Erik , Sheil Douglas , McDonald‐Madden Eve 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMost conservation challenges are complex and possess all the characteristics of so called “wicked” problems. Despite widespread recognition of this complexity conservationists possess a legacy of institutional structures, tools and practices better suited to simpler systems. We highlight two specific challenges posed by this mismatch: the difficulty of adaptive management where success is ambiguous and the tension between “best practice” and creativity. Drawing on research in other disciplines (including psychology, information systems, business management, and military strategy) we suggest practices that conservation could consider to better respond to complexity. These practices include, defining clear objectives, the use of scenarios, emphasis on pattern analysis, and ensuring greater scope for creative and decentralized decision making. To help illustrate these challenges and solutions, we point to parallels between conservation and military operations.
Surgical treatment of late‐diagnosed bronchial foreign body aspiration: a report of 23 cases
Authors: Duan Liang , Chen Xiaofeng , Wang Hao , Hu Xuefei , Jiang Gening 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and AimsLate‐diagnosed bronchial foreign bodies can lead to irreversible changes in the bronchi and the lungs. To date, few reports are available concerning surgical treatment for this condition. The present report summarizes clinicopathological features and surgical treatment options for late‐diagnosed bronchial foreign body aspiration.MethodsClinical data of 23 patients who underwent surgical treatment for late‐diagnosed bronchial foreign body aspiration in our hospital from 1980 to 2010 were reviewed.ResultsThe patients included 17 male and six female patients, aged 6 to 66 years. To remove the foreign body, bronchotomy was performed in six patients and pulmonary resection in 17 patients. Foreign bodies were located on the right side in 17 cases and on the left side in six cases. The majority of the foreign bodies were of food origin. Postoperative bronchopleural fistula occurred in two patients. One patient died of renal failure subsequent to lung infections.ConclusionsDetailed history, awareness of potential foreign body aspiration and thorough bronchoscopic examination are helpful to avoid pulmonary resection. However, the latter is necessary in patients with the associated substantial lung lesions to prevent these from progressing into serious lung infections such as pulmonary suppuration or empyema.
Museums and Technology: Being Inclusive Helps Accessibility for All
Authors: Lisney Eleanor , Bowen Jonathan P. , Hearn Kirsten , Zedda Maria 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper explores accessibility issues for museums in the context of growing dependence on technology. The background of these issues is described, along with the evolution from physical access to digital access—for example, via the Web—and, increasingly, mobile technology. The authors are people with different disabilities and they describe personal experiences, giving a sense of the various barriers and benefits that are involved. The aim of this paper is to provide museums with a disabled person's point of view, which could help in inspiring improvements for the future. Often the task is one of understanding as much as financial constraints, since many solutions can be implemented at little additional cost.
Dynamics of Myzus persicae arrestment by volatiles from Potato leafroll virus‐infected potato plants during disease progression
Authors: Rajabaskar Dheivasigamani , Wu Ying , Bosque‐Pérez Nilsa A. , Eigenbrode Sanford D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGreen peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (Solanaceae), preferentially settles on Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)‐infected potato plants as compared with non‐infected ones, primarily in response to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the plants. In this study, we examined the dynamics of these effects, measuring arrestment of apterous M. persicae in response to VOC from upper, middle, and lower leaflets of PLRV‐infected potato plants at the same stage in disease progression (4 weeks after inoculation), but inoculated at 1, 3, or 5 weeks after transplanting (WAT). Sham‐inoculated plants were used as controls and VOC were collected and quantified. Aphid arrestment was greater on PLRV‐infected plants inoculated at 1 and 3 WAT as compared with sham‐inoculated plants, but this preference was reversed in plants inoculated at 5 WAT. Relative arrestment of M. persicae by infected plants and VOC release was greater for lower and middle leaflets than for upper leaflets at 1 and 3 WAT compared to sham‐inoculated plants. The reverse was observed in plants inoculated at 5 WAT. Findings indicate that aphid preference is influenced by VOC release from PLRV‐ or sham‐inoculated potato plants and that VOC emissions and aphid preference depend upon the age at inoculation and leaf position within the potato plants. The implications of these dynamics in vector behavior for spread of PLRV in the field in natural and managed systems are discussed.
Characterization ofCorynelia uberataFr., a putative fungal pathogen ofPodocarpus falcatusinEthiopian forests
Authors: Assefa A. , Abate D. , Stenlid J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryCoryneliaspp. are ascomycetes belonging to the orderCoryneliales and are thought to be obligate parasites of trees in thePodocarpaceae. The aims of this study were to determine the disease intensity ofCoryneliainfection onPodocarpus falcatusinEthiopian forests and verify the identity ofCoryneliaspp. fromEthiopia and other countries using morphological and molecular methods. Disease surveys were conducted inP. falcatusforest areas atAdaba‐Dodola,Bushoftu,Menagesha,Shashamane andWondoGenet inEthiopia between 2009 and 2011, and samples were collected for morphological and molecular studies. Additional dried specimens morphologically collected asC. uberata,C. portoricensisandC. tropicafromPodocarpusspecies inKenya,SouthAfrica,PuertoRico andNewZealand were also characterized. Morphologically, theSouthAfrican specimen (F‐006479) ofC. uberatahad significantly larger ascospores when compared with the other specimens. There was a high sequence similarity (99–100%) in the internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S (ITS‐5.8S) region among the studiedC. uberatasequences. Cloning and amplification of the insert spanning partial small ribosomal unit (SSU) andITS‐5.8S regions of ribosomalDNAvalidated the unidentifiedITS‐5.8S region as the sequence ofC. uberataby inferring the reference sequence ofSSU rDNAofC. uberatainGenBank. Both neighbour‐joining and/or maximum parsimony methods placedITS‐5.8S andSSU rDNAsequences ofCoryneliaspp. at the basal position of the cladeEurotiomycetidae.C. uberatawas found to be a potential pathogen on leaves, fruits and young stems ofP. falcatusinEthiopia.
Age, but not Sex or Genetic Relatedness, Shapes Raccoon Dominance Patterns
Authors: Hauver Stephanie , Hirsch Ben T. , Prange Suzanne , Dubach Jean , Gehrt Stanley D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRaccoons are generally regarded as solitary, yet several studies have found that raccoons frequently form social affiliations. One benefit to sociality in many mammal species is that relatives and close associates can form coalitions against third parties during agonistic encounters. We tested whether raccoon dominance patterns were influenced by age, sex, genetic relatedness, and association patterns at two anthropogenic feeding stations in an urban forest. We found that genetic relatedness had no significant effect on patterns of agonism at one of the feeding stations. At the second feeding station, raccoons were more likely to act aggressively toward close relatives, which is opposite of the predicted pattern. However, when we controlled for the number of times raccoons arrived at feeding stations in close proximity, the effect of relatedness on dominance patterns was not significant at either feeding station. These results suggest that relatedness plays little or no role in shaping dominance patterns of raccoons. Older raccoons were ranked significantly higher in the dominance hierarchies regardless of sex. This pattern leads us to conclude that age is the primary factor driving the outcome of aggressive interactions in raccoons at our study site. Despite frequent social interactions at the study site, the patterns of raccoon dominance more closely resemble patterns found in solitary animals. To confirm the generality of these results and to better understand the evolution of raccoon social behavior, similar studies need to be undertaken in other raccoon populations.
Assessment of the interaction between two collinear cracks in plates of arbitrary thickness using a plasticity‐induced crack closure model
Authors: Chang D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTFracture and fatigue assessment of structures weakened by multiple site damage, such as two or more interacting cracks, is currently a very challenging problem. The main objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model and an approach to investigate fatigue crack closure behaviour of two through‐the‐thickness collinear cracks of equal length in a plate of arbitrary thickness under remote tensile cyclic loading. The developed mathematical model of the problem under consideration is based on the Dugdale strip yield model and plasticity‐induced crack closure concept. The approach utilises the fundamental solution for an edge dislocation in a plate of finite thickness and the distributed dislocation technique to obtain an effective and accurate solution to the system of governing equations. The obtained results show a very good agreement with the previously published analytical solutions for limiting cases. In particular, the new results confirm that the crack closure behaviour and the opening stress variation in the case of two collinear cracks are significantly dependent on the separation gap between two cracks as well as the plate thickness.
Nitrogen‐cycling bacteria and archaea in the carbonate sediment of a coral reef
Authors: Rusch A. , Gaidos E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the coarse‐grained carbonate sediments of coral reefs, advective porewater flow and the respiration of organic matter establish redox zones that are the scene of microbially mediated transformations of N compounds. To investigate the geobiology of N cycling in reef sediments, the benthic microbiota of Checker Reef in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, were surveyed for candidate nitrate reducers, ammonifying nitrite reducers, aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizers (anammox) by identifying phylotypes of their key metabolic genes (napA, narG, nrfA, amoA) and ribotypes (unique RNA sequences) of anammox‐like 16S rRNA. Putative proteobacteria with the catalytic potential for nitrate reduction were identified in oxic, interfacial and anoxic habitats. The estimated richness of napA (≥202 in anoxic sediment) and narG (≥373 and ≥441 in oxic and interfacial sediment, respectively) indicates a diverse guild of nitrate reducers. The guild of nrfA hosts in interfacial reef sediment was dominated by Vibrio species. The identified members of the aerobic ammonium oxidizing guild (amoA hosts) were Crenarchaeota or close relatives of Nitrosomonadales. Putative anammox bacteria were detected in the RNA pool of Checker Reef sediment. More than half of these ribotypes show ≥90% identity with homologous sequences of Scalindua spp., while no evidence was found for members of the genera Brocadia or Kuenenia. In addition to exploring the diversity of these four nitrogen‐cycling microbial guilds in coral reef sediments, the abundances of aerobic ammonium oxidizers (amoA), nitrite oxidizers (nxrAB), ammonifying nitrite reducers (nrfA) and denitrifiers (nosZ) were estimated using real‐time PCR. Representatives of all targeted guilds were detected, suggesting that most processes of the biogeochemical N cycle can be catalyzed by the benthic microbiota of tropical coral reefs.
Remote Sensing Proxies for Deforestation and Soil Degradation in Landslide Mapping: A Review
Authors: Miller Andrew Joseph 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLandslide studies are now heavily reliant upon geotechnical tools to detect and map, develop hazard zonation, monitor, and predict landslides. The use of remote sensing tools makes up a considerable portion of the inputs of these studies and often requires the selection of proper proxies to represent static variables in landslide dynamics. This article surveys a sampling of landslide studies to determine common practices in representing and measuring two static variables — soil properties and vegetative cover — in determining slope stability. It was determined that there exists a lack of remotely sensed datasets used to measure various soil properties in landslide studies. Findings also indicate that remotely sensed inputs measuring vegetative cover, which contributes to slope stability, are focused on the normalized difference vegetation index and/or land‐use/land‐cover classifications. Other, perhaps better‐suited, options do exist to apply remote sensing techniques to represent and measure the influence of soil properties and vegetative cover upon slope stability. New tools are needed in applying remote sensing techniques for the measurement of soil degradation in landslide‐prone areas, and modifications to existing vegetation‐mapping methods must be made to improve the quality of landslide studies going forward.
Hungry Cities: A Critical Review of Urban Food Security Research in Sub‐Saharan African Cities
Authors: Battersby Jane 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThere has been renewed interest in the issue of food in cities in sub‐Saharan Africa. A similar renewal has been noted in the North American and European contexts. However, the political, practical, and ideological starting points of these research endeavors are quite different. This paper presents a historical and political lens through which the trajectories of urban food research in sub‐Saharan African can be understood. It begins with a historical analysis of the field and uses this to explain why urban food security has been neglected or narrowly engaged as a problem with a developmental rather than political focus. Through this analysis, the paper connects the emergence of urban agriculture to the experience of structural adjustment and discusses why urban agriculture has become the primary focus of academic and policy work on food in cities in the region. Following this, emerging repoliticized research trajectories are discussed. The paper concludes by suggesting that these emerging research themes provide a means for synergies between urban food work in the global North and South to be developed.
The Migration–Development Nexus: Current Challenges and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Bastia Tanja 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOver the last ten years, migration has emerged as an important topic in development circles. Migration has generated considerable interest among development policy‐makers and academia, giving rise to what is now known as the migration–development nexus. However, most of these debates have been underpinned by an understanding of development as purposive intervention and privileging economic aspects of development. Moreover, limited attention has been paid to women as migrants or to gender as a constituting factor in migration. When women have been taken into account, they have been portrayed as the ‘ultimate remitters’, replicating efficiency arguments prevalent in gender and development approaches during the 1980s. The aim of this paper is to bring the gender and migration literature to bear on migration–development nexus debates. The review identifies three main problems with the literature on migration and development: (i) the type of development that underpins these discussions, (ii) the omission of social development, and (iii) the lack of attention to migrant women and gender as a constituting factor of migration. The final part identifies key challenges for future research in this area.
A new apparatus for measuring elastic wave velocity and electrical conductivity of fluid‐saturated rocks at various confining and pore‐fluid pressures
Authors: Watanabe T. , Higuchi A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPore‐fluid pressure is a critical parameter that governs geodynamic processes including seismic activities. Its evaluation through geophysical observations provides us insights into these processes. The quantitative evaluation requires a thorough understanding of the influence of pore‐fluid pressure on geophysical parameters, such as seismic velocity and electrical conductivity. To study the influence of pore‐fluid pressure on these parameters, we have built a new apparatus with a pore‐fluid pressure control system, which is capable of simultaneously measuring elastic wave velocity and electrical conductivity. Our new apparatus employs two sets of plastic piston–cylinders for the electrical insulation and pore‐fluid pressure transmission. The pore fluid is electrically isolated from the metal work, and its pressure can be precisely controlled without significant contribution of the friction between the piston and cylinder. Our new apparatus was used for a simultaneous measurement of velocity and conductivity in a brine‐saturated Berea sandstone. Elastic wave velocity and electrical conductivity changed in response to the change in confining and pore‐fluid pressures, showing the usefulness of the new apparatus.
Optical and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Zn‐Doped MgAl2O4 Transparent Ceramics Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Fu Ping , Xu Yong , Lu Wenzhong , Lei Wen , Wang Xuehua , Ruan Xuefeng 
Published: July 2013

(Mg1−xZnx)Al2O4 transparent ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering technique at 1325°C for 10 min. A small mount of Zn2+ addition to MgAl2O4 ceramics was very effective to the performance improvement, while further increase in Zn‐doped content would give rise to the optical transmittance deterioration. The optical and microwave dielectric properties of MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics were improved by Zn substitution for Mg. The in‐line transmittance of the (Mg1−xZnx)Al2O4 (x = 0.02) ceramics can be as high as 70% at λ = 550 nm and 86.5% at λ = 2000 nm, respectively. The dielectric constant εr of (Mg1−xZnx)Al2O4 just varied from 8.32 to 8.54, however, the Q × f value increased significantly up to a maximal value of 66,000 GHz at x = 0.02. Moreover, the τf of (Mg1−xZnx)Al2O4 transparent ceramics changed from −74 to −65.5 ppm/°C. With the increasing of Zn‐doped content, the average grain size and the porosity increased, which was the primary reason for the change in optical and microwave dielectric properties.
Novel Utilization of Fly Ash for High‐Temperature Mortars: Phase Composition, Microstructure and Performances Correlation
Authors: Terzić Anja , Pavlović Ljubica , Radojević Zagorka , Pavlović Vladimir , Mitić Vojislav 
Published: July 2013

In this study, the feasibility of using fly ash to manufacture high‐temperature mortars was investigated. The investigation was set to define preliminary characteristics of new types of mortars based on ordinary and/or refractory cement with fly ash addition, and to establish mutual correlation between thermally induced changes of mineral phases, microstructure, and final performances of the mortars. New mortars, made up of 21% cement (PC‐CEM I 42.5R/HAC‐Secar 70/71), 70% river sand, and 9% fly ash, were chemically, physically, and mechanically characterized to determine possibilities of fly ash re‐utilization for high‐temperature purposes. The fly ash samples, which originated from four different power plants, were mechanically activated. Mortars were heat‐treated up to 1300°C in a laboratory tunnel furnace with retention time 2 h. Thermal stability of crystalline phases were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA); thermally induced changes in mineral phase composition were analyzed by XRD; and microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Correlated results of DTA, XRD, and SEM analyses indicated initiation of sintering processes at approximately 1300°C and formation of thermally stable minerals (rankinite, gehlenite, anorthite, cristobalite). The investigation highlights a sustainable approach of using fly ash in developing ecofriendly mortars for high‐temperature application.