bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Advances in Cardiovascular Computed Tomography: From Present Applications to Promising Developments
Authors: Schulz Alexander , Otton James , Hussain Tarique , Miah Tayaba , Schuster Andreas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
This review aims to provide a profound overview on most recent studies on the clinical significance of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (CCT) in diagnostic and therapeutic pathways. Herby, this review helps to pave the way for a more extended but yet purposefully use in modern day cardiovascular medicine.

Recent Findings
In recent years, new clinical applications of CCT have emerged. Major applications include the assessment of coronary artery disease and structural heart disease, with corresponding recommendations by major guidelines of international societies. While CCT already allows for a rapid and non-invasive diagnosis, technical improvements enable further in-depth assessments using novel imaging parameters with high temporal and spatial resolution. Those developments facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making as well as improved prognostication.

Summary
This review determined that recent advancements in both hardware and software components of CCT allow for highly advanced examinations with little radiation exposure. This particularly strengthens its role in preventive care and coronary artery disease. The addition of functional analyses within and beyond coronary artery disease offers solutions in wide-ranging patient populations. Many techniques still require improvement and validation, however, CCT possesses potential to become a “one-stop-shop” examination.
A promising sustainable green nanosilver formula for p-nitrophenol and methylene blue remediation from wastewater
Authors: Mansee Ayman H. , Ebrahim Amal M. , Koreish Essam A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn an attempt to create wastewater treatment “green” techniques that are both economically feasible and sustainable without using any dangerous chemicals, barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.) water extract was used to phyto-synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag°). Barley grains served as a natural reductant and stabilizer at the same time. The role of different synthesis conditions and their effect on the efficiency of the green synthesis process were studied and confirmed with characterization using several techniques (UV–vis, SEM, EDX, sizing distribution, and FTIR). The Ag°9 formula catalytic reduction was inspected against p-nitrophenol (PNP) and methylene blue (MB) as a model of nitroaromatic components and dyes, respectively. The removal studies were conducted using the target pollutants in a single or mixed liquid state. Remarkably, the Ag°9 particle size was around 20 nm, and its final concentration in the current formula was 2.2 × 10−7 mol L−1. The adsorption mechanism of the PNP and MB was pseudo-second order. The good fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model suggests that chemisorption occurs in the sorption process. The formula catalytic activity to remove PNP and MB was 99 and 66% at levels 60 and 500 µL from the Ag°9 formula, respectively, within less than 5 min.
Rapid lake ice structure changes across Swedish lakes puts public ice safety at risk
Authors: Vikström Kevin , Weyhenmeyer Gesa , Jakobsson Ellinor , Peternell Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLakes are rapidly losing ice under global warming, but little is known about ice structure changes. Ice structure is a key regulator of ice stability and thus safety, affecting activities on ice. Here, we analysed spatial and temporal variations in ice structure across 21 Swedish lakes, spanning from 55 to 69 °N, and over five decades. We found regional differences in ice structure, with fastest changes occurring in southern Sweden. The stable clear ice layer was particularly sensitive to warming, showing a rapid decline. The number of days when temperatures exceeded the freezing point during the ice cover period was identified as a strong driver for how ice was structured. Since there is a high risk for increased occurrences of unsafe ice conditions under predicted air temperature changes, we recommend re-establishing ice structure monitoring programmes, informing society on the increased risks of being on ice and including ice structure to safety guidelines.
Uncertainty in subject matter education—Constitutive element and fruitful instructional strategy?
Authors: Bähr Ingrid , Bonnet Andreas , Bracker da Ponte Elisabeth , Gebhard Ulrich , Krieger Claus , Lübke Britta , Sting Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUncertainty, which is an essential element of life in globalised, mobile and digitalised post-modern societies, challenges educational institutions. Students must be empowered to deal with such uncertainty to support developing a sense of critical consciousness and agency. Drawing on the discourse of uncertainty in educational science, this qualitative secondary analysis (QSA) refers to two studies that focused on instructional ‘uncertainty-friendly’ settings in four different school subjects (biology, drama and physical education in one study and English as a foreign language in the other) to address the research question: What are students’ responses to didactically staged confrontations with disciplinary uncertainty in different subjects? In the analysed studies, the researchers established uncertainty-friendly settings as an instructional tool to foster deep learning and cognitive flexibility in K–12 students. This QSA compares students’ reactions to these settings. The findings suggest a cross-curricular pattern of student responses: In all subjects, students initially showed unspecific responses, all of which acknowledged uncertainty. In addition, students showed specific responses (i.e. the modes of juxtaposition, exploration and rejection) as active interactions with the uncertainty of the settings. The results can further the development of uncertainty-friendly classrooms and reflection on their limitations.
Keeping an AI on the mental health of vulnerable populations: reflections on the potential for participatory injustice
Authors: Pozzi Giorgia , De Proost Michiel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsidering the overall shortage of therapists to meet the psychological needs of vulnerable populations, AI-based technologies are often seen as a possible remedy. Particularly smartphone apps or chatbots are increasingly used to offer mental health support, mostly through cognitive behavioral therapy. The assumption underlying the deployment of these systems is their ability to make mental health support accessible to generally underserved populations. Hence, this seems to be aligned with the fundamental biomedical principle of justice understood in its distributive meaning. However, considerations of the principle of justice in its epistemic significance are still in their infancy in the debates revolving around the ethical issues connected to the use of mental health chatbots. This paper aims to fill this research gap, focusing on a less familiar kind of harm that these systems can cause, namely the harm to users in their capacities as knowing subjects. More specifically, we frame our discussion in terms of one form of epistemic injustice that such practices are especially prone to bring about, i.e., participatory injustice. To make our theoretical analysis more graspable and to show its urgency, we discuss the case of a mental health Chatbot, Karim, deployed to deliver mental health support to Syrian refugees. This case substantiates our theoretical considerations and the epistemo-ethical concerns arising from the use of mental health applications among vulnerable populations. Finally, we argue that conceptualizing epistemic participation as a capability within the framework of Capability Sensitive Design can be a first step toward ameliorating the participatory injustice discussed in this paper.
Computational investigation for electronic, structural, linear/nonlinear optical responses for newly designed organometallic quantum dots
Authors: ElMansy Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe interaction of metallic ($$M^{ + 3}$$

M

+
3

)-cations ($$M = {\text{Al}},{\text{Cu}},{\text{Zn}},{\text{In}},{\text{Ga}},{\text{Ge}},{\text{Sb}},{\text{Sn}}$$

M
=
Al
,
Cu
,
Zn
,
In
,
Ga
,
Ge
,
Sb
,
Sn

) with an active organic linker result in the formation of organometallic quantum dots (OMQDs). The B3LYP and WB97X interfaces via 6-311G++(d,p) route are used to test the stability, electrical, optical, and nonlinear-optics (NLO) properties. OMQD UV–Vis absorption spectra are computed. Some OMQD have singlet spin states, while others have doublet spin states. Cation mobility and the organic linker nature have a significant impact on both optical and NLO properties. For electron rush via the conduction domain, doublet spins provide more advanced turnabilities than singlets. For singlet-spin Cu-3HPHP QDs, an anomalous NLO response is endorsed. Both Zn-3HPHP and Sn-3HPHP QDs are recognized as the finest contenders. Zn-3HPHP and Sn-3HPHP appear to be the next covenant for highly efficient optoelectronics and avalanche photodetectors.
Socioeconomic determinants of child malnutrition: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Gebregergis Cherkos Meaza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this research, I examined the role of socioeconomic variations in the prevalence of stunting and underweight among children in Ethiopia. The study aimed to identify key health factors contributing to these disparities in child malnutrition by utilizing concentration indices, concentration curves, and regression-based decomposition analysis. Despite a notable decline in the average rates of stunting and underweight prevalence, the relative and absolute gaps between different demographic and socioeconomic groups have widened in Ethiopia. The empirical analysis revealed that higher levels of maternal education and household wealth significantly benefited children from better socioeconomic backgrounds, making them less likely to experience malnutrition. The disparity in socioeconomic status is the primary driver of inequalities in child malnutrition. The findings suggest that to reduce these disparities, national health policies should focus on promoting maternal literacy and targeting interventions for underprivileged groups.
Forensische Entziehungsanstalten im Wandel
Authors: Quade Daniel , Berthold Dörte , Riedemann Christian 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Um den stetigen Anstieg an Unterbringungsanordnungen zu stoppen, wurden die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen des § 64 StGB mehrfach reformiert. Die Belegungszahlen nahmen jedoch weiterhin zu und die Patientenstruktur veränderte sich. Ziel: Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Veränderungen in der Patientenklientel und der Behandlungsumstände gem. § 64 StGB. Methode: Mittels T- und Chi2-Tests wurde der Strukturwandel der Patienten anhand von zwei Datensätzen der Stichtagserhebung (1995, 23 Kliniken, n = 977; 2022, 20 Klinken, n = 1625) untersucht. Die aktuelle Klientel wurde mittels des Datensatzes von 2022 untersucht. Ergebnisse: Signifikante Anstiege wurden u. a. bei Lebensalter, Parallelstrafe, BZR-Einträgen, voller Schuldfähigkeit, Behandlungsdauer und Bewährungsentlassungsempfehlungen beobachtet. Hingegen nahmen Haftvorerfahrung, psychische Komorbiditäten, Entweichungen, Suchtmittelrückfälle und gewährte Lockerungen signifikant ab. Zusätzlich wandelten sich Suchtmittelkonsum (weg vom Alkohol, hin zu Cannabis, Kokain und Stimulanzien) und Indexdelikt (Zunahme von BtMG-, Abnahme von Eigentums- und Sexualdelikten). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen facettenreiche Veränderungen der Untergebrachten. Längere Behandlungszeiten und restriktivere Lockerungsgewährungen passen scheinbar nicht zu der weniger schwer krank anmutenden Klientel. Ob und inwieweit sich die Patientenstruktur weiter wandelt und das Abbremsen des Anstiegs der Unterbringungszahlen durch die Reformierung gelingt, bleibt abzuwarten.
Upwelling Regulates Nutrient Supply and Phytoplankton Chlorophyll‐a Regime on the East China Sea Shelf During Late Summer
Authors: Wei Qinsheng , Xin Ming , Meng Qicheng , Zhao Bin , Teng Fei , Xie Linping , Zhai Xing , Sun Xia , Zhou Feng , Wang Baodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe East China Sea (ECS) is among the most important and highly dynamic shelf seas, where the coupling of physical and biogeochemical processes is distinctive and may play a crucial role in regulating nutrient conditions and the pattern of primary production. Based on field observations during the late summer of 2019, the physical controls of nutrient supply and the subsequent influences on phytoplankton chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) regime were investigated in the ECS. The coastal upwelling originating from the Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) intrusion serves as a nutrient source on the inner East China Sea (ECS) shelf, and this inshore upwelling combined with the coastal water largely governs the surface Chl‐a patterns. The halocline, thermocline and nutricline exhibit a vertically synchronous fluctuating phenomenon, and the coexistence of several subsurface cold rings/patches was significantly observed on the middle‐outer ECS shelf, indicating intense vertical advection and the occurrence of upwelling. The subsurface cold rings greatly regulate the vertical hydrodynamics, constituting unique upward pathways of the onshore intruded KSSW on the middle‐outer shelf. Nutrients can be upwelled within these cold rings to support primary production, thus partially leading to the spatial variability of subsurface Chl‐a maximum in terms of intensity and depth. Our findings would considerably contribute to our understanding of the physical‐biogeochemical‐ecological processes on the ECS shelf.
Future Climate Projections for South Florida: Improving the Accuracy of Air Temperature and Precipitation Extremes With a Hybrid Statistical Bias Correction Technique
Authors: Rahimi Leila , Hoque Mushfiqul , Ahmadisharaf Ebrahim , Alamdari Nasrin , Misra Vasubandhu , Maran Ana Carolina , Kao Shih‐Chieh , AghaKouchak Amir , Talchabhadel Rocky 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProjecting future climate variables is essential for comprehending the potential impacts on hydroclimatic hazards like floods and droughts. Evaluating these impacts is challenging due to the coarse spatial resolution of global climate models (GCMs); therefore, bias correction is widely used. Here, we applied two statistical methods—standard empirical quantile mapping (EQM) and a hybrid approach, EQM with linear correction (EQM‐LIN)—to bias correct precipitation and air temperature simulated by nine GCMs. We used historical observations from 20 weather stations across South Florida to project future climate under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Compared to the EQM, the hybrid EQM‐LIN method improved R2 of daily quantiles by up to 30% over the historical period and improved MAE up to 70% in months that contain most extreme values. Projected extreme precipitation at the weather stations showed that, compared to the EQM‐LIN, the EQM method underestimates the high quantiles by up to 26% in SSP585. The projected changes in annual maximum precipitation from historical period (1985–2014) to near future (2040–2069) and far future (2070–2100) were between 2% and 16% across the study area. Projected future precipitation suggested a slight decrease during summer but an increase in fall. This, along with rising summer temperatures, suggested that South Florida can experience rapid oscillations from warmer summers and increased flooding in fall under future climate. Additionally, our comparative analyses with globally and nationally downscaled studies showed that such coarse scale studies do not represent the climatic extremes well, particularly for high quantile precipitation.
Geochemical, Mineralogical, and Fluid Processes in the Brittle‐Plastic Transition of Continental Crust
Authors: Axen Gary 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe brittle‐plastic transition (BPT), the strongest part of the crust, is critical to continental geodynamics but is poorly understood relative to simpler crust above and below. It is typically represented as a depth transition from brittle/frictional to plastic/viscous deformation controlled by temperature and pressure. Footwalls of low‐angle normal faults (LANFs) exhumed through the BPT provide rock records that challenge this view. Three well‐studied LANF footwalls are reviewed. All record geochemical, mineralogical and fluid‐related controls on embrittlement, not just monotonic P‐T decrease. Two quartz‐rich examples record embrittlement at unexpectedly high T (≥450–500°C) that was modulated by wetting characteristics of fluids. One had an inverted BPT: brittle fracture beneath contemporaneous mylonites. In another study, a brittle LANF grew from plastic mylonites due to mineralogic changes that strengthened parts, causing initial frictional slip and cataclasis on weak planes that ultimately linked. In all, geologically abrupt small‐scale processes controlled behavior at kilometer scales. Similar processes likely affect other tectonic settings and seismic cycles. Such processes offer fertile research opportunities in continental geodynamics; they will be increasingly tractable as computational abilities improve. Adaptive, multi‐scale approaches including the effects of fluid‐rock geochemistry and mineralogical changes on rock strength and deformation are needed. Thoughtful modeling approaches may yield key insights into the positive and negative feedbacks that are likely. Discontinuous deformation is probably needed explicitly along with exploration of initial and boundary conditions.
Calculating the Soil Freezing Characteristic Curve of Saline Soil With Equivalent State of Bulk Solution
Authors: Cui Lihong , Xiao Zean , Chen Junfeng , Yuan Qinbo , Zhao Xuehua , Xue Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe relationship between unfrozen water content and temperature, called as soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC), is of importance for hydrologic, engineering, environmental issues related to frozen soil. The SFCC of saline soil is essentially a result of phase equilibrium of pore solution, which is similar but not identical to that of bulk solution. However, there is still a vacancy of study on the phase equilibrium of pore solution in frozen soil. In this study, image transformation was used to establish the relationship of phase equilibrium between bulk solution and pore solution, with four introduced parameters. Then, the new model of SFCC for saline soil was proposed based on the equivalent state of bulk solution with Pitzer model and SFCC of nonsaline soil. The model was validated by the experimental data from published articles and showed good performance in calculating SFCC of saline soils regardless of soil type, phase transition path, and soil initial water‐salt condition, and some advantages when compared to other three models. All the four introduced parameters have clear physical meanings and their relationships with soil type and initial salt concentration were discussed. Finally, the evolution of phase diagram from bulk solution to pore solution at icing stage was figured out. Further studies are needed for their relationship at salt crystallization stage. Shifting the research perspective from unfrozen water content to pore solution, this study gives a new approach to research of freezing characteristic of saline soil and could promote hydrological and engineering research in cold regions.
Fluorescent, multifunctional anti-counterfeiting, fast response electrophoretic display based on TiO2/CsPbBr3 composite particles
Authors: Liu Guangyou , Wu Xinzao , Xiong Feng , Yang Jinglan , Liu Yunhe , Liu Jie , Li Zhuohang , Qin Zong , Deng Shaozhi , Yang Bo-Ru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional optical anti-counterfeiting (AC) is achieved by static printed images, which makes them susceptible to lower levels of security and easier replication. Therefore, it is essential to develop AC device with dynamic modulation for higher security. Electrophoretic display (EPD) has the advantages of low power consumption, high ambient contrast ratio, and capability of showing dynamic images which is suitable for dynamic AC applications. Herein, we prepared a dynamical AC device based on a fluorescent EPD, and achieving the image switch between black, white, and green fluorescence states under the dual-mode driving (electronic field and UV light). We loaded perovskite quantum dots (CsPbBr3) onto the TiO2 particles and further prepared fluorescent electrophoretic particles TiO2/CsPbBr3-3-PLMA (TiO/CPB-3) by grafting and polymerizing method. In addition, we fabricated the AC devices based on the fluorescent EPD, which exhibits the multifunctional AC, where the fluorescent EPD has a fast response time of 350 ms, a high contrast ratio of 17, and bright green fluorescence. This prototype demonstrates a new way for future dynamic AC and identification.
Isolated attosecond pulse generation in a semi-infinite gas cell driven by time-gated phase matching
Authors: Vismarra Federico , Fernández-Galán Marina , Mocci Daniele , Colaizzi Lorenzo , Segundo Víctor Wilfried , Boyero-García Roberto , Serrano Javier , Conejero-Jarque Enrique , Pini Marta , Mai Lorenzo , Wu Yingxuan , Wörner Hans Jakob , Appi Elisa , Arnold Cord L. , Reduzzi Maurizio , Lucchini Matteo , San Román Julio , Nisoli Mauro , Hernández-García Carlos , Borrego-Varillas Rocío 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIsolated attosecond pulse (IAP) generation usually involves the use of short-medium gas cells operated at high pressures. In contrast, long-medium schemes at low pressures are commonly perceived as inherently unsuitable for IAP generation due to the nonlinear phenomena that challenge favourable phase-matching conditions. Here we provide clear experimental evidence on the generation of isolated extreme-ultraviolet attosecond pulses in a semi-infinite gas cell, demonstrating the use of extended-medium geometries for effective production of IAPs. To gain a deeper understanding we develop a simulation method for high-order harmonic generation (HHG), which combines nonlinear propagation with macroscopic HHG solving the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation at the single-atom level. Our simulations reveal that the nonlinear spatio-temporal reshaping of the driving field, observed in the experiment as a bright plasma channel, acts as a self-regulating mechanism boosting the phase-matching conditions for the generation of IAPs.