bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new semi-automatic approach for dividing glacier complexes into individual glaciers
Authors: Kienholz Christian , Hock Regine , Arendt Anthony A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMany glaciological and hydrological studies require outlines of individual glaciers rather than total ice cover. Here we develop a new semiautomatic algorithm that uses a digital elevation model (DEM) and outlines of glacier complexes to calculate the extents of individual glaciers. The algorithm first applies hydrological modeling tools to a modified DEM to calculate flowsheds. It then merges flowsheds that belong to individual glaciers using a distance-based approach, whose required empirical parameters are derived from the Juneau Icefield area in Alaska. In this region, 2% of ∼1300 glaciers were misclassified. The algorithm was validated on >25 000 km2 of ice in other regions in Alaska and on >40 000 km2 of ice in Arctic Canada, resulting in ∼2% and ∼3% misclassified glaciers, respectively. Results indicate that the algorithm is robust provided the DEM and the outlines are of good quality.
How do glaciers respond to climate? Perspectives from the simplest models
Authors: Harrison W.D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study the approximations underlying the macroscopic theory of glacier response to climate, and illustrate some basic properties of glacier response using two simple examples, a block on an inclined plane and a block with a more realistic terminal region. The properties include nonlinearity and the usefulness of linear approximations, sensitivity to bed slope, timescale, stability, characteristic elevations of the equilibrium line at which the properties of the response change, the limit of fast response in a changing climate, the minimum sustainable size, increased sensitivity to climate change as a glacier retreats, and finally the similarity in the responses of simple glaciers with the same product of length and square of bed slope.
On 3-manifolds with Torus or Klein Bottle Category Two
Authors: Heil Wolfgang , Wang Dongxu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA subset W of a closed manifold M is K-contractible, where K is a torus or Klein bottle if the inclusion W → M factors homotopically through a map to K. The image of π1(W) (for any base point) is a subgroup of π1(M) that is isomorphic to a subgroup of a quotient group of π1(K). Subsets of M with this latter property are called 𝒢K-contractible. We obtain a list of the closed 3-manifolds that can be covered by two open 𝒢K-contractible subsets. This is applied to obtain a list of the possible closed prime 3-manifolds that can be covered by two open K-contractible subsets.
Assessment of General Education
Authors: Furman Tanya 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The assessment of general education is often approached through broad surveys or standardized instruments that fail to capture the learning goals most faculty members desire for this portion of the curriculum. The challenge in remedying this situation lies, first, in defining general education in meaningful ways that can be both articulated and measured and, second, in engaging deeply the faculty members whose own intellectual abilities cut across disciplinary boundaries to address the learning that lies at the heart of general education.
The Changing Role that Education Plays
Authors: Ramaley Judith A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOur educational system has always reflected the social, cultural, and economic conditions prevailing at the time. The impact of technological advances as well as global competition now impose a new agenda on higher education to ensure that all students can succeed in a complex and rapidly changing world. Fortunately, we have many resources to aid us in this effort as we work our way through a new era of rapid change—energetic new faculty, cross-generational groups of students who can inspire and inform each other, and new community connections that are opening up pathways to learning.
Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Isoxazolidin‐5‐ones: The Meldrum’s Acid Approach
Authors: Postikova Svetlana , Tite Tony , Levacher Vincent , Brière Jean‐François 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMeldrum’s acid has turned out to be a useful ketene equivalent when faced to nitrone dipoles to form various isoxazolidin‐5‐one derivatives under very mild Brønsted base organocatalytic conditions. The first asymmetric version of this original domino anionic formal [3+2] cycloaddition–decarboxylation reaction was demonstrated by means of quinine‐based organocatalysts.magnified image
Electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with 2‐substitutedN‐alkylimidazoles and their silver(I) complexes for antibacterial applications
Authors: Kleyi Phumelele , Frost Carminita L. , Tshentu Zenixole R. , Torto Nelson 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe article presents the incorporation of biocides [2‐substitutedN‐alkylimidazoles and their silver(I) complexes] into electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers for application as antimicrobial materials. The electrospun nylon 6/biocides nanofiber composites were characterized by IR spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM‐EDX). The antimicrobial activity of the electrospun nylon 6/biocides nanofiber composites was evaluated againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,andBacillus subtilissubsp.spizizeniiusing the disk diffusion method, the American Association for Textile Chemists and Colorists test method 100‐2004 and the dynamic shake flask method (American Society for Testing and Materials E2149‐10). The electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with 2‐substitutedN‐alkylimidazoles displayed moderate to excellent levels of growth reduction againstS. aureus(73.2–99.8%). For the electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with silver(I) complexes, the levels of growth reduction were >99.99%, for bothE. coliandS. aureus, after the antimicrobial activity evaluation using the shake flask method. The study demonstrated that the electrospun nanofibers, fabricated using the incorporation strategy, have the potential to be used as attractive antimicrobial materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39783.
Evaluation of butyrate‐induced production of a mannose‐6‐phosphorylated therapeutic enzyme using parallel bioreactors
Authors: Madhavarao Chikkathur N. , Agarabi Cyrus D. , Wong Lily , Müller‐Loennies Sven , Braulke Thomas , Khan Mansoor , Anderson Howard , Johnson Gibbes R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBioreactor process changes can have a profound effect on the yield and quality of biotechnology products. Mannose‐6‐phosphate (M6P) glycan content and the enzymatic catalytic kinetic parameters are critical quality attributes (CQAs) of many therapeutic enzymes used to treat lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Here, we have evaluated the effect of adding butyrate to bioreactor production cultures of human recombinant ‐glucuronidase produced from CHO‐K1 cells, with an emphasis on CQAs. The ‐glucuronidase produced in parallel bioreactors was quantified by capillary electrophoresis, the catalytic kinetic parameters were measured using steady‐state analysis, and mannose‐6‐phosphorylation status was assessed using an M6P‐specific single‐chain antibody fragment. Using this approach, we found that butyrate treatment increased ‐glucuronidase production up to approximately threefold without significantly affecting the catalytic properties of the enzyme. However, M6P content in ‐glucuronidase was inversely correlated with the increased enzyme production induced by butyrate treatment. This assessment demonstrated that although butyrate dramatically increased ‐glucuronidase production in bioreactors, it adversely impacted the mannose‐6‐phosphorylation of this LSD therapeutic enzyme. This strategy may have utility in evaluating manufacturing process changes to improve therapeutic enzyme yields and CQAs.
Functional and transcriptomic analysis of the regulation of osteoblasts by mechano‐growth factor E peptide
Authors: Xin Juan , Wang Yuanliang , Wang Zhen , Lin Fuchun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMechano‐growth factor (MGF), a splice variant of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), was discovered by Goldspink and colleagues in 1996; since then many studies have implicated MGF as an important local tissue repair factor. Although the short 24‐amino‐acid C‐terminal peptide of MGF (MGF‐Ct24E) has a variety of biological activities, its role in bone formation has not yet been clarified. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of MGF‐Ct24E in the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of rat calvarial osteoblasts. Interestingly, although MGF‐Ct24E significantly increased the proliferation and retarded the differentiation of osteoblasts during the first 3 days, prolonged treatment with MGF‐Ct24E for up to 3 weeks promoted cell differentiation. To determine the molecular mechanisms behind this plurality, we carried out global transcriptional profiling of osteoblasts in response to MGF‐Ct24E and identified differentially expressed genes by bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology analysis indicated that MGF‐Ct24E enhanced the expression of genes associated with osteoblast proliferation and the cell cycle and downregulated genes involved with osteoblast differentiation, skeletal system, and bone development. Moreover, KEGG pathway‐based analysis indicated that MGF‐Ct24E directly altered focal adhesion and cell cycle progression, in addition to regulating the actin cytoskeleton and gap junctions. In conclusion, MGF‐Ct24E has a marked ability to increase bone formation by increasing cell proliferation and delaying cell differentiation during prophase, as well as by stimulating osteoblast differentiation during the advanced stage. The mechanism of action of MGF‐Ct24E during the initial stages of bone formation in vitro involves upregulation of the expression of genes involved in proliferation and cell cycle progression, and the repression of differentiation‐related genes.
Simultaneous determination of six C21 steroids of Xiao‐Ai‐Ping injection in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Zeng Qinghua , Zhang Feng , Gao Shouhong , Sun Liang , Jiang Bo , Chen Wansheng 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTXiao‐Ai‐Ping injection (XAPI) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used to treat cancer. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that C21 steroids are the main active compounds in XAPI. In this study, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated the first time for simultanenous determination of three isomeric pregnane genins (17β‐tenacigenin B, tenacigenin B and tenacigenin A) and their corresponding glycosides (tenacigenoside A, tenacissoside F and marsdenoside I) from XAPI in rat plasma. A simple liquid–liquid extraction technique was used after the addition of dexamethasone acetate as internal standard. The chromatography separation of analytes was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 column (3.5 µm, 150 × 3 mm i.d.) using methanol–water as mobile phase in a gradient elution program. Detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode. The method showed satisfactory linearity over a concentration range 5.00–2000.00 ng/mL for tenacigenin B, tenacigenin A, marsdenoside I and tenacissoside F (r2 > 0.99), 10.00–4000.00 ng/mL for 17β‐tenacigenin B and tenacigenoside A (r2 > 0.99). Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (valued as relative standard deviation) were <9.00% and accuracies (as relative error) in the range −6.31 to 7.23%. Finally, this validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of XAPI after intravenous administration to rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereochemical Preference of 2'‐Deoxycytidine for Chiral Bis(diamido)‐bridged Basket Resorcin[4]arenes
Authors: D'Acquarica Ilaria , Calcaterra Andrea , Sacco Fabiola , Balzano Federica , Aiello Federica , Tafi Andrea , Pesci Nicolò , Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Botta Bruno 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBis(diamido)‐bridged basket resorcin[4]arene (all-S)-1 and its (all-R)-1 enantiomer proved able to interact with 2'‐deoxycytidine (2) and pyrimidine nucleoside analogs in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. In such a solvent, the resorcinarene hosts adopt a preferential 1,3‐alternate‐like conformation, with a larger cavity delimited by two syn 3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl moieties, and two external pockets, each delimited by the other 3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl group and its diamido arm (the wing). Complexation phenomena were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, including 1H NMR DOSY and 1D ROESY experiments, and molecular modeling. Heteroassociation constants of [(all-S)-1·2] and [(all-R)-1·2] diastereoisomeric complexes were obtained from diffusion data by single point measurements, and from nonlinear fitting of 1H NMR chemical shifts. Selective proton relaxation rate measurements allowed us to significantly discriminate the two complexes by identifying two different interaction sites of the guest in the resorcin[4]arene host, depending on its configuration. Chirality 25:840–851, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensorimotor development in neonatal progesterone receptor knockout mice
Authors: Willing Jari , Wagner Christine K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTEarly exposure to steroid hormones can permanently and dramatically alter neural development. This is best understood in the organizational effects of hormones during development of brain regions involved in reproductive behaviors or neuroendocrine function. However, recent evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones play a vital role in shaping brain regions involved in cognitive behavior such as the cerebral cortex. The most abundantly expressed steroid hormone receptor in the developing rodent cortex is the progesterone receptor (PR). In the rat, PR is initially expressed in the developmentally‐critical subplate at E18, and subsequently in laminas V and II/III through the first three postnatal weeks (Quadros et al. [2007] J Comp Neurol 504:42–56; Lopez & Wagner [2009]: J Comp Neurol 512:124–139), coinciding with significant periods of dendritic maturation, the arrival of afferents and synaptogenesis. In the present study, we investigated PR expression in the neonatal mouse somatosensory cortex. Additionally, to investigate the potential role of PR in developing cortex, we examined sensorimotor function in the first two postnatal weeks in PR knockout mice and their wildtype (WT) and heterozygous (HZ) counterparts. While the three genotypes were similar in most regards, PRKO and HZ mice lost the rooting reflex 2–3 days earlier than WT mice. These studies represent the first developmental behavioral assessment of PRKO mice and suggest PR expression may play an important role in the maturation of cortical connectivity and sensorimotor integration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 16–24, 2014
NURTURE: Development and pilot testing of a novel parenting intervention for mothers with histories of an eating disorder
Authors: Runfola Cristin D. , Zucker Nancy L. , Holle Ann Von , Mazzeo Suzanne , Hodges Eric A. , Perrin Eliana M. , Bentley Margaret E. , Ulman T. Frances , Hoffman Elizabeth R. , Forsberg Sarah , Ålgars Monica , Zerwas Stephanie , Pisetsky Emily M. , Taico Colie , Kuhns Rebecca A. , Hamer Robert M. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the treatment development and pilot testing of a group parenting intervention, NURTURE (Networking, Uniting, and Reaching out To Upgrade Relationships and Eating), for mothers with histories of eating disorders.MethodBased on focus group findings, extant research, and expert opinion, NURTURE was designed to be delivered weekly over 16 (1.5 h) sessions via an interactive web conferencing forum. It comprises four modules: (1) laying the foundation, (2) general parenting skills, (3) eating and feeding, and (4) breaking the cycle of risk. Pilot testing was conducted with three groups of 3–6 mothers (N = 13) who had children ages 0–3 years to determine feasibility (e.g., retention), acceptability (e.g., feedback questionnaire responses), and preliminary efficacy. Maternal satisfaction with NURTURE and changes in mother–child feeding relationship measures, maternal feeding style, maternal self‐efficacy, and maternal psychopathology (eating disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms) across three time points (baseline, post‐treatment, 6‐month follow‐up) were examined. All outcomes were exploratory.ResultsThe intervention was well tolerated with a 100% retention rate. Feedback from mothers was generally positive and indicated that the groups provided an engaging, supportive experience to participants. We observed changes suggestive of improvement in self‐reported maternal self‐efficacy and competence with parenting. There were no notable changes in measures of maternal feeding style or psychopathology.DiscussionNURTURE is a feasible, acceptable, and potentially valuable intervention for mothers with eating disorder histories. Results of this pilot will inform a larger randomized‐controlled intervention to determine efficacy and impact on child outcomes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:1–12)
Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Werner Brett A. , Johnson W. Carter , Guntenspergen Glenn R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is a globally important resource that provides abundant and valuable ecosystem goods and services in the form of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, water purification, flood attenuation, and water and forage for agriculture. Numerous studies have found these wetlands, which number in the millions, to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Here, we compare wetland conditions between two 30‐year periods (1946–1975; 1976–2005) using a hindcast simulation approach to determine if recent climate warming in the region has already resulted in changes in wetland condition. Simulations using the WETLANDSCAPE model show that 20th century climate change may have been sufficient to have a significant impact on wetland cover cycling. Modeled wetlands in the PPR's western Canadian prairies show the most dramatic effects: a recent trend toward shorter hydroperiods and less dynamic vegetation cycles, which already may have reduced the productivity of hundreds of wetland‐dependent species.
N‐Heterocyclic Dicarbene Iridium(III) Catalysts Enabling Water Oxidation under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Volpe Andrea , Sartorel Andrea , Tubaro Cristina , Meneghini Laura , Di Valentin Marilena , Graiff Claudia , Bonchio Marcella 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNovel iridium(III) di‐NHC complexes have been synthesized by transmetalation of the dicarbene ligand from the corresponding dicarbene silver complex. The iridium(III) complex [IrClCp*(di‐NHC)](PF6) (2; di‐NHC = 1,1′‐dimethyl‐3,3′‐ethylenediimidazole‐2,2′‐diylidene) behaves as an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of water by using CeIV or NaIO4 as sacrificial oxidants, reaching a TOF of 0.20 s–1, comparable with the most active catalysts reported in the literature. Complex 2 also displays remarkable catalytic activity in the photocatalyzed oxidation of water by using [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as sensitizer and persulfate as sacrificial electron acceptor. The fate of the catalyst under turnover conditions was investigated by combined spectroscopic, kinetic and GC–MS methods. In particular, EPR experiments performed under photoirradiation revealed the formation of a high‐valent IrIV molecular intermediate involved in the primary photoinduced electron‐transfer events.
Single‐Composition Trichromatic White‐Emitting Ca9MgNa(PO4)7:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ Phosphors – Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescence, and Energy‐Transfer Properties
Authors: Zhang Yang , Geng Dongling , Shang Mengmeng , Wu Yuan , Li Xuejiao , Lian Hongzhou , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jun Lin at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The cover image shows that novel luminescent materials can show red, green, blue, and white emission in one single phase, which can make our world brighter and more colorful.
Synthesis, Photophysics, and Electrochemistry of Tetra(2‐thienyl)ethylene (TTE) Derivatives
Authors: Bolzoni Alessandro , Viglianti Lucia , Bossi Alberto , Mussini Patrizia R. , Cauteruccio Silvia , Baldoli Clara , Licandro Emanuela 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have synthesized a series of tetra(2‐thienyl)ethylene (TTE) derivatives, selectively functionalized at the thiophene α positions, either by a coupling procedure or by direct electrophilic substitution of the TTE system. Optical spectroscopy revealed that TTE shows orange emission (470 nm) in a diluted 2‐MeTHF matrix at 77 K and blue (420 nm) aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in the solid state. An exhaustive electrochemical study afforded a full rationalization of the electronic properties in terms of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and gaps, as well as localization and features of the redox centers with respect to TTE functionalization.
Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine‐Based Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ragoussi Maria‐Eleni , Ince Mine , Torres Tomás 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on nanocrystalline semiconductors have attracted significant attention as lower‐cost alternatives to conventional silicon‐based solar cells. The photosensitizers are vital components for the development of photovoltaic devices of this kind. Over the years, the most successful sensitizers have been RuII polypyridyl complexes, achieving power conversion efficiencies up to 11.5 %. However, due to their limited light‐harvesting capacity and the high cost of Ru‐dyes, efforts have also been directed towards the use of organic dyes. Among the wide range of sensitizers of this kind, phthalocyanines (Pcs) are very attractive because of their light‐harvesting properties in the red and near‐IR spectral region, as well as their thermal and chemical stability. The performance of Pc‐based devices has improved over the years, reaching 5.9 %, thanks to rational design of the phthalocyanine structure. In this microreview we review recent advances in the use of phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for DSSC applications.
Dynamic modeling of a small open Joule cycle reciprocating Ericsson engine: simulation results
Authors: Lontsi F. , Hamandjoda O. , Djanna K. F. , Stouffs P. , Nganhou J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractExternally heated Joule cycle reciprocating engines, also known as Ericsson engines, are particularly suitable for small‐scale solar energy conversion and microcogeneration using biomass or gas effluents at high temperatures. These types of engine have been developed in the context of the current issue of climate change, combined with a progressive depletion of fossil fuels. A dynamic model of a 1.67 kW small open Joule cycle engine has been developed in order to study operational stability and behavioral control, especially during transient phases. Models are implemented on a Matlab/Simulink platform where simulations of the dynamics of engine start‐up and steady conditions are carried out. The optimal settings of valves and the key engine parameters have also been determined. Simulation results reveal a rapid transient phase. Hot starting is achieved in about 5.3 sec and the system is stabilized, with a thermal efficiency of approximately 29%. The system responds well when subjected to selected perturbations.