bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation and pressure propagation in deep somatic tissue during painful cuff algometry
Authors: Manafi‐Khanian B. , Arendt‐Nielsen L. , Frøkjær J.B. , Graven‐Nielsen T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundCuff algometry is used for quantitative pain assessment although it is not clarified which tissues are actually challenged by the stimulation. This study investigated the mechanical stress and strain distribution in superficial and deep tissues during cuff algometry applied on the lower leg at three different intensities (mild pressure, pain threshold and supra pain threshold).MethodsA computational three‐dimensional finite element model of the lower leg with three different layers of soft tissue was developed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) recorded during cuff stimulation. Tissue indentation maps were extracted from the MRI scans and transferred into the model as displacement of boundary condition. In all stimulation conditions, the mean stress of subcutaneous adipose and muscle tissue below the cuff decreased compared with the skin while the mean strain peaked in subcutaneous adipose and decreased in other tissues.ResultsAt pain threshold stimulation intensity, the mean muscle stress was 2.9% of mean skin stress and the mean muscle strain was 55.1% of mean strain in adipose layer. The mean stress and strain increased by 30.4% and 27.1%, respectively, in muscle tissue from painful to supra pain threshold stimulation. The stress and strain was mainly focused around the bones and superficially under cuff.ConclusionsThis study shows the better capability of cuff algometry for stimulation of deep somatic tissue in terms of generation of mechanical stress and strain in contrast to the more superficial muscle tissue previously demonstrated to be strained by single‐point pressure algometry.
The effect of seismic uplift on the shell stresses of liquid‐storage tanks
Authors: Ormeño Miguel , Larkin Tam , Chouw Nawawi 
Published: February 2015

SummaryPrevious theoretical studies have shown that tank uplift, that is, separation of the tank base from the foundation, generally reduces the base shear and the base moment. However, there is a paucity of experimental investigations concerning the effect of uplift on the tank wall stresses, which is the principal parameter that controls the seismic design of liquid‐storage tanks. This paper reports a series of shake table experiments on a polyvinyl chloride model tank containing water. A comparison of the seismic behaviour of the tank with and without anchorage is described. Stochastically generated ground motions, based on a Japanese design spectrum, and three tank aspect ratios (liquid‐height/radius) are considered. Measurements were made of the stresses at the outer shell of the tank, the tank wall acceleration and the horizontal displacement at the top of the tank. While the top displacement and the tank shell acceleration increased when uplift was allowed, axial compressive stresses decreased by between 35% and 64% with tank uplift. The effect of uplift on the hoop stresses was variable depending on the aspect ratio. A comparison of experimental values with a numerical model is provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Galerkin spectral method based on helical‐wave decomposition for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Liao Zi‐Ju , Su Wei‐Dong 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a global Galerkin spectral method for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in three‐dimensional bounded domains. The method is based on helical‐wave decomposition (HWD), which uses the vector eigenfunctions of the curl operator as orthogonal basis functions. We shall first review the general theory of HWD in an arbitrary simply connected domain, along with some new developments. We then employ the HWD to construct a Galerkin spectral method. The current method innovates the existing HWD‐based spectral method by (a) adding a series of auxiliary fields to the HWD of the velocity field to fulfill the no‐slip boundary condition and to settle the convergence problem of the HWD of the curl fields, and (b) providing a pseudo‐spectral method that utilizes a fast spherical harmonic transform algorithm and Gaussian quadrature to calculate the nonlinear term in the Navier–Stokes equations. The auxiliary fields are uniquely determined by solving the Stokes and Stokes‐like equations under adequate boundary conditions. The implementation of the method under the spherical geometry is presented in detail. Several numerical examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The method can be easily extended to other domains once the helical‐wave bases, which depend only on the geometry of the domains, are available. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent changes in the mouse hippocampal synaptic membrane proteome after contextual fear conditioning
Authors: Rao‐Ruiz Priyanka , Carney Karen E. , Pandya Nikhil , van der Loo Rolinka J. , Verheijen Mark H.G. , van Nierop Pim , Smit August B. , Spijker Sabine 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA change in efficacy of hippocampal synapses is critical for memory formation. So far, the molecular analysis of synapses during learning has focused on small groups of proteins, whereas the dynamic global changes at these synapses have remained unknown. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes of the mouse hippocampal synaptic membrane proteome 1 and 4 h after contextual fear learning, comparing two groups; (1) a fear memory forming “delayed‐shock” group and (2) a fear memory‐deficient “immediate‐shock” group. No changes in protein expression were observed 1 h after conditioning between the two experimental groups. However, 423 proteins were significantly regulated 4 h later of which 164 proteins showed a temporal regulation after a delayed shock and 273 proteins after the stress of an immediate shock. From the proteins that were differentially regulated between the delayed‐ and the immediate‐shock groups at 4 h, 48 proteins, most prominently representing endocytosis, (amphiphysin, dynamin, and synaptojanin1), glutamate signaling (glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon‐1, disks large homolog 3), and neurotransmitter metabolism (excitatory amino acid transporter 1, excitatory amino acid transporter 2, sodium‐ and chloride‐dependent GABA transporter 3) were regulated in both protocols, but in opposite directions, pointing toward an interaction of learning and stress. Taken together, this data set yields novel insight into diverse and dynamic changes that take place at hippocampal synapses over the time course of contextual fear‐memory learning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multimodal Scaffolding in the Secondary English Classroom Curriculum
Authors: Boche Benjamin , Henning Megan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article examines the topic of multimodal scaffolding in the secondary English classroom curriculum through the viewpoint of one teacher's experiences. With technology becoming more commonplace and readily available in the English classroom, we must pinpoint specific and tangible ways to help teachers use and teach multimodalities in their classrooms that promote student learning across a broad variety of text types and tap into higher levels of thinking. Teachers can then help students apply what they learn from multimodal scaffolding to address increasingly complex texts as outlined in the new Common Core State Standards (CCSS). This article identifies and demonstrates ways to help students develop as readers as well as helping teachers use specific multimodal instructional strategies to target text complexity.
Effects of Deletion of ERα in Osteoblast-Lineage Cells on Bone Mass and Adaptation to Mechanical Loading Differ in Female and Male Mice
Authors: Melville Katherine M , Kelly Natalie H , Surita Gina , Buchalter Daniel B , Schimenti John C , Main Russell P , Ross F Patrick , van der Meulen Marjolein CH 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been implicated in bone's response to mechanical loading in both males and females. ERα in osteoblast lineage cells is important for determining bone mass, but results depend on animal sex and the cellular stage at which ERα is deleted. We demonstrated previously that when ERα is deleted from mature osteoblasts and osteocytes in mixed-background female mice, bone mass and strength are decreased. However, few studies exist examining the skeletal response to loading in bone cell–specific ERαKO mice. Therefore, we crossed ERα floxed (ERαfl/fl) and osteocalcin-Cre (OC-Cre) mice to generate animals lacking ERα in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (pOC-ERαKO) and littermate controls (LC). At 10 weeks of age, the left tibia was loaded in vivo for 2 weeks. We analyzed bone mass through micro-CT, bone formation rate by dynamic histomorphometry, bone strength from mechanical testing, and osteoblast and osteoclast activity by serum chemistry and immunohistochemistry. ERα in mature osteoblasts differentially regulated bone mass in males and females. Compared with LC, female pOC-ERαKO mice had decreased cortical and cancellous bone mass, whereas male pOC-ERαKO mice had equal or greater bone mass than LC. Bone mass results correlated with decreased compressive strength in pOC-ERαKO female L5 vertebrae and with increased maximum moment in pOC-ERαKO male femora. Female pOC-ERαKO mice responded more to mechanical loading, whereas the response of pOC-ERαKO male animals was similar to their littermate controls. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The origin of turtles: A paleontological perspective
Authors: Joyce Walter G. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe origin of turtles and their unusual body plan has fascinated scientists for the last two centuries. Over the course of the last decades, a broad sample of molecular analyses have favored a sister group relationship of turtles with archosaurs, but recent studies reveal that this signal may be the result of systematic biases affecting molecular approaches, in particular sampling, non‐randomly distributed rate heterogeneity among taxa, and the use of concatenated data sets. Morphological studies, by contrast, disfavor archosaurian relationships for turtles, but the proposed alternative topologies are poorly supported as well. The recently revived paleontological hypothesis that the Middle Permian Eunotosaurus africanus is an intermediate stem turtle is now robustly supported by numerous characters that were previously thought to be unique to turtles and that are now shown to have originated over the course of tens of millions of years unrelated to the origin of the turtle shell. Although E. africanus does not solve the placement of turtles within Amniota, it successfully extends the stem lineage of turtles to the Permian and helps resolve some questions associated with the origin of turtles, in particular the non‐composite origin of the shell, the slow origin of the shell, and the terrestrial setting for the origin of turtles. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 181–193, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recovery audit contractor audits and appeals at three academic medical centers
Authors: Sheehy Ann M. , Locke Charles , Engel Jeannine Z. , Weissburg Daniel J. , Mackowiak Stephanie , Caponi Bartho , Gangireddy Sreedevi , Deutschendorf Amy 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDOutpatient (observation) and inpatient status determinations for hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries have generated increasing concern for hospitals and patients. Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) activity alleging improper status, however, has received little attention, and there are conflicting federal and hospital reports of RAC activity and hospital appeals success.OBJECTIVETo detail complex Medicare Part A RAC activity.DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTSRetrospective descriptive study of complex Medicare Part A audits at 3 academic hospitals from 2010 to 2013.MEASUREMENTSComplex Part A audits, outcome of audits, and hospital workforce required to manage this process.RESULTSOf 101,862 inpatient Medicare encounters, RACs audited 8110 (8.0%) encounters, alleged overpayment in 31.3% (2536/8110), and hospitals disputed 91.0% (2309/2536). There was a nearly 3‐fold increase in RAC overpayment determinations in 2 years, although the hospitals contested and won a larger percent of cases each year. One‐third (645/1935, 33.3%) of settled claims were decided in the discussion period, which are favorable decisions for the hospitals not reported in federal appeals data. Almost half (951/1935, 49.1%) of settled contested cases were withdrawn by the hospitals and rebilled under Medicare Part B to avoid the lengthy (mean 555 [SD 255] days) appeals process. These original inpatient claims are considered improper payments recovered by the RAC. The hospitals also lost appeals (0.9%) by missing a filing deadline, yet there was no reciprocal case concession when the appeals process missed a deadline. No overpayment determinations contested the need for care delivered, rather that care should have been delivered under outpatient, not inpatient, status. The institutions employed an average 5.1 full‐time staff in the audits process.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest a need for RAC reform, including improved transparency in data reporting. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:212–219. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Evaluation of the in vitro α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of green tea polyphenols and different tea types
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Kong Fanbin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine whether green tea, black tea and oolong tea have inhibitory potential against α‐glucosidase which may be used to control postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.RESULTSGreen tea polyphenols (TPs) strongly inhibited α‐glucosidase activity by non‐competitive inhibition with an IC50 value of 2.33 µg mL−1 and the inhibitory effect was dependent on TP concentration and incubation order. Green tea, black tea and oolong tea also had dose‐dependent inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 2.82, 2.25 and 1.38 µg mL−1 (µg polyphenol mL−1), respectively. The study also showed that the content of unprecipitated TPs changed during enzymatic hydrolysis, leading to the change of the antioxidant activity. The change of the antioxidant activity of tea extracts revealed a similar trend to that of green TPs during enzymatic hydrolysis.CONCLUSIONGreen TPs, green tea, black tea and oolong tea are excellent α‐glucosidase inhibitors and their inhibitory potency is mainly attributed to TPs. These findings suggest that green tea, black tea and oolong tea can potentially be used to control postprandial hyperglycemia. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Integration of life cycle assessment and regional emission information in agricultural systems
Authors: Kim Junbeum , Yalaltdinova Albina , Sirina Natalia , Baranovskaya Natalia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLife cycle assessment (LCA) is a compilation and evaluation of the input energy and materials, output emissions and the potential environmental impacts of a product, service or system throughout its life cycle. While methodological issues of LCA are still being developed, much research is being conducted worldwide in order to improve them. One of the important advances in LCA is a regionalised LCA, i.e. the development of regionalised databases, inventories, and impact assessment methods and models.RESULTSRegional emission information (REI) was developed and integrated with the characterisation results in LCA of an agricultural product in the study area. Comparison of outcomes obtained with LCA characterisation results that did not include REI shows that the characterisation results taking REI into account are much higher as regards human toxicity, from 0.02% to 0.18%, freshwater ecotoxicity from 89% to 99% and terrestrial ecotoxicity from 8.006% to 26.177%.CONCLUSIONResults of current LCA studies on agricultural products and systems that do not include REI are under‐estimating the life cycle environmental impact. For the LCA of agricultural products and systems, the REI as well as regionalised life cycle inventory data should be developed and integrated into the current LCA approach. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Soft tissue sarcoma of the head & neck: Nomogram validation and analysis of staging systems
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Brennan Murray F. , Palmer Frank L. , Kuk Deborah , Moraco Nicole , Singer Samuel , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectivesSoft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck (STSHN) comprise a rare group of malignancies. Our objective is to determine the utility of soft tissue sarcoma staging systems within the head and neck, and to validate an individualized soft tissue sarcoma nomogram within head and neck primary sites.MethodsPreviously‐untreated patients with STSHN diagnosed and treated between 1982 and 2012 were eligible (n = 319, median follow‐up 46 months). Clinical variables were extracted from a prospectively‐maintained database. The performance of AJCC/UICC and MSK staging systems and a soft tissue sarcoma‐specific nomogram were assessed.ResultsFour‐year overall survival (OS), disease specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were 72%, 76%, and 71%, respectively. AJCC/UICC and MSK staging systems accurately stratified outcomes (OS, DSS, and RFS; P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The nomogram stratified outcomes by quartile (P < 0.001), and predicted risk of death at 4, 8 and 12 years (P < 0.001). Concordance indices for overall survival for the AJCC/UICC system, MSK system, and the nomogram were 0.71, 0.70, and 0.78, respectively.ConclusionsOncologic outcomes among groups of patients with STSHN can be accurately predicted using both the AJCC/UICC and MSK staging systems. A soft tissue sarcoma‐specific nomogram provides reliable, individualized prognostic information for patients with STSHN. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:690–695. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy for solitary dermal melanomas
Authors: Hu Yinin , Shah Puja , Stukenborg George J. , Slingluff Craig L. 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectivesSolitary dermal melanoma (SDM) is melanoma confined to subcutaneous and/or dermal layers in the absence of a known primary cutaneous lesion. We hypothesized that sentinel node biopsy is an effective staging strategy for this rare disease.MethodsA Markov decision model was constructed to represent two management strategies for SDM: wide local excision followed by observation, and wide local excision followed by sentinel node biopsy. Utilities, likelihood of positive sentinel node biopsy, and cancer progression rates during a five year time horizon were assigned based on institutional data and a review of existing literature. Estimated costs were derived using Medicare reimbursements.ResultsExcision followed by sentinel node biopsy provides greater utility, yielding 3.85 discounted quality‐adjusted life years (dQALY) compared to 3.66 for excision alone. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for sentinel node biopsy is $19,102 per dQALY. Sensitivity analyzes demonstrated that observation is more cost‐effective if greater than 23% of sentinel node biopsies are positive (16% reported), or if 5‐year survival for observed patients is greater than 76% (69% reported).ConclusionsBased on existing clinical evidence, sentinel node biopsy yields greater utility than excision alone and is cost‐effective for patients presenting with solitary dermal melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:800–807. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uniform Polyaniline Nanotubes Formation via Frozen Polymerization and Application for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Wang FuKe , Wang Zhijuan , Tana Maureen B. H. , He Chaobin 
Published: February 2015

A frozen polymerization technique to prepare uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes is reported, based on the concept of the Kirkendall effect that has been successfully applied for preparation of inorganic hollow nanostructures. Specifically, PANI nanotubes with a uniform diameter of 45 nm are prepared by combination of freezing and templating to control the diffusion of aniline and ammonium persulfate at the PANI interface. Due to the low entropy diffusion at solid state and polymerization at low temperature, ordered packed anilines and high crystalline PANI nanotubes are obtained, which greatly facilitate the conversion to conductive nanotubes with nanoscale graphitic domains at low carbonization temperature. The resulting conductive nanotubes exhibit improved catalytic performance in oxygen reduction reactions, suggesting the high potential application of the frozen polymerization technique in preparation of high performance PANI nanostructures.
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A Ku‐band 3‐bit phase shifter MMIC using GaAs phemt technology for phased array system
Authors: Tsai Jeng‐Han , Kuo Yin‐Ting , Yu Hao‐Chun 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA Ku‐band 3‐bit switch‐type phase shifter with low insertion loss, low magnitude variation, and low rms phase error is designed and fabricated on 0.15‐μm pHEMT process. For all eight states, the insertion loss is 6.5 ± 1.5 dB from 10–14 GHz and the input return loss is >8.5 dB over 10–14 GHz. The phase shifter achieves a rms phase error of 2.2° and a rms amplitude error of 0.37 dB at 12 GHz with total chip size of 1.5 ×1 mm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:771–774, 2015
A passively harmonically mode‐locked soliton erbium‐doped fiber laser with low pumping threshold using a single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Rosdin Raja Zaimas Raja , Ali Norfizah M. , Arof H. , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a passively harmonically mode‐locked soliton Erbium‐doped fiber laser (EDFL) with low pumping threshold using single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) embedded in poly ethylene oxide (PEO) thin film as a passive saturable absorber. The film with a thickness of 50 μm was fabricated using a prepared homogeneous SWCNT solution with 0.1% loading percentage, which was mixed with a diluted PEO solution and casted onto a glass petri dish to form a thin film by evaporation technique. The film is sandwiched between two fiber connectors to construct a saturable absorber, which is then integrated in an EDFL cavity to generate a stable passive mode‐locking of a soliton laser operating at 1560 nm at the 4th, 7th, and 15th harmonic of fundamental cavity frequency when the pump powers of 1480 nm laser diode are 14.9, 17.5, and 20.1 mW, respectively. The 4th harmonic pulses are characterized in detail with a repetition rate of 44.84 MHz, a transform‐limited pulse width of 1.19 ps, side‐mode suppression ratio of larger than 20 dB and pulse energy of 9.14 pJ. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:799–803, 2015
Fabrication of polymer microfiber by direct drawing
Authors: Irawati Ninik , Suthaskumar M. , John Vallen , Ali Norfizah M. , Ahmad H. , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe report the fabrication of polymer microfiber with high surface smoothness and length uniformity using molten polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by direct drawing technique. PMMA microfibers with diameters ranging from 6 to 12 μm and lengths up to few centimeters have been drawn by this method. The microfibers' losses are obtained at 0.37, 0.27, and 0.19 dB/mm for the microfibers with diameters of 6, 8, and 12 μm, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:820–823, 2015