bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Pain Assessment, Documentation and Analgesic Prescription Practices Among Clinicians
Authors: Batanda Ian , Natuhwera Germans 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines on pain assessment, clinicians do not adequately use pain-scoring tools to assess pain and document pain scores in patients’ clinical notes. This is partly because pain assessment tools may not always be available in clinical areas. However, even when available, clinicians may not have adequate knowledge and experience in using them. This analytical cross-sectional study sought to assess whether a CME on pain assessment followed by displaying pain assessment tools in clinical duty stations would improve clinicians’ pain rating, documentation, and analgesic prescription practices at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital. The primary outcome was improved documentation of pain scoring and pain severity rating over time. The study found a short-lived improvement in pain rating and analgesic prescription. The results suggest that rooted knowledge of pain assessment could be more beneficial in empowering clinicians to perform and document pain assessment sustainably.
Enhanced coke resistance in methanol to olefins reaction via surplus mesoporosity of fibrous silica-wrapped SAPO-34
Authors: Sofi Muhammad Hafizuddin Mohd , Hamid Muhamed Yusuf Shahul , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Abdullah Tuan Amran Tuan , Mohamud Mohamed Yusuf , Bahari Mahadi , Hassan Nurul Sahida , Vo Dai-Viet N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Growing concerns regarding the depletion of petroleum reserves and energy demand necessitate the exploration of alternative methods, such as methanol-to-olefin (MTO), to generate light olefins from non-crude oil sources. However, the industrial application of this method is limited due to the rapid deactivation of the catalyst, which is caused by the microporosity of the commercial catalyst. Here, we synthesized the fibrous silica-wrapped silico-alumino-phosphate (FSAPO-34) using a microemulsion technique with a seed-assisted synthesis method and applied it for the first time in the MTO reaction. The physicochemical properties of the fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-potassium bromide, N2 physisorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, thermal gravimetric analysis, O2 temperature-programmed oxidation, and Raman spectroscopy. The findings indicated that the formation of fibrous silica on the surface of SAPO-34 exhibited a unique spherical morphology with dendrimeric silica fiber, significantly enhancing the mesoporosity from 0.098 to 1.749 cm³/g compared to commercial microporous SAPO-34. FSAPO-34 demonstrates a significant improvement in catalytic lifetime, with a 54% increase, from 19.2 hours to 29.5 hours, compared to commercial SAPO-34. This enhanced stability is attributed to the introduction of mesoporosity in FSAPO-34, which, in turn, provides high accessibility and reduced diffusion resistance of products and ultimately retarded the formation of coke.
Spatial and Diurnal Variation of Air Pollutants in Residential, Industrial, and Commercial Areas of Gazipur City, Bangladesh
Authors: H Mir Md. Mozammal , Ali Md. Rubel , Rahman Md. Shamsur , Hossain Md. Rajib 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The study was conducted to analyze the diurnal and spatial variation of air pollutants in the Residential, Industrial, and Commercial Areas of Gazipur City. The air pollutants were assessed with specific parameters such as PM2.5, PM10, Cl2, CH4, NO2, CO2, CO, SO2, and O3 which were collected in November 2022. In Residential Area the highest air pollutants value is PM2.5 = 47 µg/m3, PM10 = 52 µg/m3, Cl2 = 80 µg/m3, CH4 = 12 ppm, NO2 = 22 µg/m3, CO2 = 571 ppm, CO = 17 µg/m3, SO2 = 8 µg/m3, O3 = 25 µg/m3 and lowest value are PM2.5 = 19 µg/m3, PM10 = 31 µg/m3, Cl2 = 30 µg/m3, CH4 = 3 ppm, NO2 = 7 µg/m3, CO2 = 450 ppm, CO = 9 µg/m3, SO2 = 1 µg/m3, O3 = 1 µg/m3. In Industrial Area the highest air pollutants value is PM2.5 = 97 µg/m3, PM10 = 190 µg/m3, Cl2 = 80 µg/m3, CH4 = 12 ppm, NO2 = 39 µg/m3, CO2 = 685 ppm, CO = 667 µg/m3, SO2 = 21 µg/m3, O3 = 22 µg/m3 and lowest value are PM2.5 = 52 µg/m3, PM10 = 78 µg/m3, Cl2 = 20 µg/m3, CH4 = 2 ppm, NO2 = 17 µg/m3, CO2 = 540 ppm, CO = 601 µg/m3, SO2 = 1 µg/m3, O3 = 2 µg/m3. In Commercial Area the highest air pollutants value is PM2.5 = 85 µg/m3, PM10 = 100 µg/m3, Cl2 = 60 µg/m3, CH4 = 7 ppm, NO2 = 17 µg/m3, CO2 = 660 ppm, CO = 700 µg/m3, SO2 = 5 µg/m3, O3 = 9 µg/m3 and lowest value are PM2.5 = 58 µg/m3, PM10 = 68 µg/m3, Cl2 = 20 µg/m3, CH4 = 2 ppm, NO2 = 3 µg/m3, CO2 = 510 ppm, CO = 30 µg/m3, SO2 = 1 µg/m3, O3 = 1 µg/m3. PM2.5 and PM10 have strong positive correlation ((R² = 0.761), PM10 and NO2 also have strong positive relationship between them (R² = 0.4998). Gazipur, one of Bangladesh's largest industrial areas, has witnessed a very fast growth in urban population. The common sources of all pollutants in Gazipur City are fuel and gas consumption for industrial power supply, fossil fuel burning for transportation and vehicles, roadside dust, VOCs emission from different industrial processes. To reduce air pollution, emphasize renewable fuel and clean energy, Eco-friendly transportation, use pollution controlling devices such as wet scrubbers for industrial emission control, and roadside dust management through wet/ dry sweeping regularly.
Transformers and large language models are efficient feature extractors for electronic health record studies
Authors: Yuan Kevin , Yoon Chang Ho , Gu Qingze , Munby Henry , Walker Sarah , Zhu Tingting , Eyre David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

While unstructured free-text data is abundant in electronic health records, challenges in accurate and scalable information extraction often result in a preference for incorporating information from less specific clinical codes instead. We investigate the efficacy of modern natural language processing methods (NLP) and large language models (LLMs) in supervised and few-shot scenarios to extract features from 938,150 hospital antibiotic prescriptions from Oxfordshire, UK. A subset of 4000 most frequent indications for antibiotic use was labelled by clinical researchers into 11 categories, describing the infection source/clinical syndrome, for model training. On separate internal (n = 2000) and external test datasets (n = 2000), the fine-tuned domain-specific Bio + Clinical BERT model averaged an F1 score of 0.97 and 0.98 respectively across the classes and outperformed traditional regex (F1 = 0.71 and 0.74) and n-grams/XGBoost (F1 = 0.86 and 0.84). A few-shot OpenAI GPT4 model achieved F1 scores of 0.71 and 0.86 without using labelled training data and a fine-tuned GPT3.5 model F1 scores of 0.95 and 0.97. Finetuned BERT-based transformer models currently outperform LLMs for structured tasks, while few shot LLMs match the performance of traditional NLP without the need for labelling. Comparing infection sources extracted from ICD10 codes to those parsed from free-text indications, free-text indications revealed 31% more specific infection sources. With their high accuracy, modern transformer-based models have the potential to be used widely throughout medicine to structure free-text records, providing more granular information than clinical codes, facilitating better research and patient care.
Carbon Quantum Dot from Areca Husk as an efficient Photosynthetic Enhancer for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Shivakumar Neeta , Kousar Nargees 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Carbon Quantum dots (CQDs) are nanostructured materials that have gained immense application in the field of agriculture. They have unique properties because of their less toxicity and environmental stability be it as a growth enhancer or as an antibiotic. The synthesis of carbon quantum dots from areca husk here, exemplifies a novel approach, offering environmentally friendly and less toxic nanomaterials that may revolutionize agricultural practices. This work highlights synthesis of carbon quantum dots from areca husk using hydrothermal method. In this study, characterization through UV spectroscopy clearly indicated the fluroscent property of the syntheised CQDs. FTIR characterization showed the presence of the CO(carbonyl) and OH (Hydroxyl) groups present and emphazising on the antimicrobial property of CQDS. XRD analyses highlighted that 97.5% of the sample had crystalline structure and 2.5% was amorphous. CQDs treated seeds showed healthy seedling growth with 7.682mg/g of cholorophyll content being highest in corn whereas11.42mg/g in wheat compared to other treatments emphasising the increase in photosynthetic efficiency. The integration of CQDs presents a promising avenue for revolutionizing modern agriculture towards greater sustainability and potential for improved yield.
Is it necessary to perform a routine hysteroscopy before first embryo transfer in patients with previous ectopic pregnancy history: A propensity score matching analysis?
Authors: Xiao Li , Liao Tianji , Lin Lijun , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To determine whether an office hysteroscopy is required before the first embryo transfer in infertile women with previous ectopic pregnancy history.
Methods
Consecutive patients with previous ectopic pregnancy history were categorized into two groups based on the performance of hysteroscopy. Subgroup 1 consisted of patients whose endometrial pathology was normal, subgroup 2 who were diagnosed with endometrial polyps (EP), and subgroup 3 diagnosed with chronic endometritis (CE). Demographics, baselines of characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer were compared among these groups.
Results
A total of 614 patients were enrolled. No differences were observed in the baseline characteristics of these groups. The clinical pregnancy rates were comparable between hysteroscopy group and non-hysteroscopy group. The spontaneous miscarriage rate was greater in the cured CE subgroup compared to the normal and EP subgroups. Consequently, the live birth rate was comparatively lower in the cured CE group than in both the control group and the EP group.
Conclusions
We found a high pregnancy loss rate in women with CE-confirmed immunohistochemically. While office hysteroscopy serves as a valuable diagnostic instrument, it is imperative that it be supplemented with appropriate and adequate antibiotic therapy. Further investigation is still required before it can be considered a standard infertile workup before the first embryo transfer in patients with previous ectopic pregnancy history.
Trial registration
N/A.
Evaluation of Family Medicine Residents' Reflection Skills
Authors: Gürel Özge , Demirören Meral , Teker Gülşen Taşdelen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: This study is a cross-sectional study and aimed to conduct validity and reliability analyses for the Turkish adaptation of the Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS) and to evaluate the reflection skills of family medicine (FM) residents using the adapted scale, examining the correlation between reflection skills and various variables.
Methods: GRAS has been translated into Turkish. Firstly, the Turkish version was administered to 230 residents from various specialties. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was run, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were calculated. Then, the adapted scale was administered to 336 FM residents in Turkey. Skewness and kurtosis coefficients, Shapiro-Wilk test and non-parametric tests were employed.
Results: In the first phase, GRAS-TR-pg with 20-item, single-dimension and three-factor structure has been validated for use with Turkish postgraduate medical students. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were found to be sufficient. In the second phase, there were no significant differences in the scores received, based on various variables.
Conclusion: This study reveals that the adapted GRAS-TR-pg can serve as a valid and reliable tool to measure the reflective skills of postgraduate medical students in Turkey. No significant differences found based on various variables regarding the reflection skill levels of Turkish FM residents.
Association Between Handgrip Strength, TNF-αlpha Levels and the Presence of Chronic Diseases Among the Elderly
Authors: Ntiamoah Paul , Ananni-Akollor Max Efui , Frempong Magaret T. , Agordzo Samuel Kekeli , Baah Eugene , Muanah Ivan A. , Agyapong Evans O. , Gadzeto Felix , Atta-Mensah Bright , Appiah Anthony , Boateng Samuel K. Boakye- , Adu-Gyasi Dennis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: There is a rapid surge in the elderly population globally and in Ghana. Ageing is frequently associated with the emergence of some chronic diseases due to a decline in physiological and physical functions. Early detection of chronic diseases or possible risk factors of disease development is critical in reducing mortality and morbidity among the elderly. This study, therefore, sought to explore the relationship between the inflammatory cytokine-tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), handgrip strength and the presence of chronic diseases among the elderly population seeking medical care from a hospital in Ghana.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out among individuals 60 years or above. A total of 104 persons who met the inclusion criteria and consented were enrolled on the study. Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer and plasma TNF-α levels were determined using sandwich ELISA. Data on demographics and chronic disease conditions were collected from participants using a standardized questionnaire and from the participant’s hospital folder.
Results: The study recruited 104 participants, of which 53% were females and 47% were males. The median age (median (IQR)) was 65 (62–71) years. Again, of the total participants, 63.5% had at least one chronic disease while 36.5% had no chronic disease. Whereas 12.5% of participants had low handgrip strength, 87.5% had normal hand grip strength. There was no significant association between disease status and low handgrip strength (p = 0.709). However, there was a significant association between disease status and increased plasma levels of TNF-α among participants of the study (p = 0.0435). There was also a significant association between low handgrip strength and increased plasma levels of TNF-α among participants of the study (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study observed that low hand grip strength is significantly associated with high circulating TNF-α levels which is also associated with increased presence of chronic disease among the elderly. Low handgrip strength may not independently represent an increased risk of developing chronic diseases.
Gender-based differences in sexual satisfaction: A network analysis
Authors: Lingán-Huamán Susana K. , Ventura-León José , Ruiz-Hernández Alma , Campana-Tanta Ariadna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

For several decades, gender differences related to sexual satisfaction (SS) have been discussed. However, these subtle differences in the importance of SS indicators and their associations have not been fully understood. This study aims to analyze differences in the network structures of items of an SS scale between men and women. The participants included 205 men (M_age = 21.6 ± 2.13) and 219 women (M_age = 22.1 ± 2.21) from Peru. Using network analysis, we identified the central elements in young men and women and compared the network structures based on gender. Results showed that “concentration during sexual activity” is an important and characteristic aspect of men’s SS, whereas “variety of sexual activities” is the most relevant aspect for women to perceive themselves as sexually satisfied. Accordingly, differences and similarities in the elements that contribute to SS are described for males and females, highlighting that strategies designed to promote SS for both groups should take these differences into account.
Delayed return to work after volar or combined plating of type C distal radius fracture: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Noppa Erik , Sagerfors Marcus , Lundqvist Eva 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most common of fractures, accounting for 18% of all fractures in orthopaedic trauma units. The ability to return to work is an important outcome for both society and the individual, but there is a large variation among patients in how much time off work is required. The choice of treatment is likely an important factor.
Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of an earlier published randomised clinical trial comparing volar locking plate fixation with combined dorsal and volar plate fixation of AO type C DRF. In the present study, we examined the risk of requiring more than 3 months of sick leave among patients who were in the workforce at the time of fracture.
Results
Of the 84 cases included in this analysis, 10 had a delayed return to work. There was a statistically significant risk of delayed return to work when combined plating was used as the surgical method, with an odds ratio of 7.454 (95% confidence interval: 1.362–40.804, p = 0.021) in the final multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
Sick leave is an important contributor to total costs in patients with DRF, and more invasive treatments like combined plating are associated with longer sick leave. Our results indicate a higher risk of delayed return to work in the combined plating group, possibly due to more extensive soft tissue dissection. We recommend a restrictive use of combined plating.
Trial registration:
The study was registered in the Swedish research database FoU in Sweden (registration number: 274674) on the 4th of August 2020.
Development and Validation of an Interpretable Risk Prediction Model for Perioperative Ischemic Stroke in Noncardiac, Nonvascular, and Nonneurosurgical Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cong Xuhui , Zou Xuli , Zhu Ruilou , Li Yubao , Liu Lu , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
This study introduces an interpretable machine learning model, derived from patient data, to address the notable lack of perioperative stroke prediction tools for adults undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular, and nonneurosurgical procedures, thereby improving clinical decision-making.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study encompassed 106,328 patients aged 18 years or older who underwent non-cardiac, non-vascular, and non-neurosurgical surgeries in our institution. The training cohort included 74,429 patients with 140 perioperative stroke incidents, and the validation cohort comprised 31,899 patients with 59 incidents. Risk factors for perioperative stroke were identified using univariable logistic regression analysis. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression method screened variables, followed by the development, validation, and performance evaluation of the prediction model through multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
The established prediction model, leveraging 16 variables including demographic information, medical history, and pre- and post-operative data, demonstrated robust discriminatory capability in forecasting perioperative stroke (AUC = 0.919; 95% CI, 0.896–0.942). It also showed an excellent fit with the validation cohort (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, χ²=4.085, P = 0.906). Decision curve analysis affirmed the model's substantial net benefit.
Conclusion
Through the analysis of patients aged 18 and above undergoing specified surgeries, this study successfully identified risk factors for perioperative stroke. Subsequently, it developed and validated effective prediction models that exhibit notable predictive accuracy, thereby serving as a pivotal tool for clinicians in decision-making processes. These insights lay the groundwork for the prevention and enhanced perioperative management of stroke, marking a significant stride in patient care optimization.
Lacidophilin Modulated Gut Microbiota and Ameliorated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Mouse Colitis
Authors: Jingting Yu , Xiaoying Cheng , Yang Zhan , Jingwen Zhang , Yingmeng Li , Denglong Sun , Longjin Zheng , Wenjun Liu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been rising significantly in recent years. It is widely accepted that gut microbes play an essential role in the development of IBD. Lacidophilin is a product of milk fermentation by lactobacillus acidophilus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lacidophilin on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). 16s RNA sequencing was performed to determine the changes of species composition and community structure of the intestinal microflora, and transcriptome sequencing was conducted to find out the gene or protein which may be affected by Lactobacillus on colitis development potentially. It was observed that the 7 days administration of Lacidophilin protected the intestinal mucosal barrier from damage, and thereby enabled the remission of colitis severity. Compared to the model group, Lacidophilin could restore the shortened colon length and marked decrease levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. More importantly, Lacidophilin significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella and Parvibacter. Transcriptomic analysis shows that IL-17 signaling pathway, BCR signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway was enriched, and we found that Lcn2, Ccl3, Mmp8, Slc11a1, Spp1, and Serpine1 might be potential targets of Lacidophilin treatment. These studies indicate that Lacidophilin can ameliorate colitis in mice through maintaining the integrity of intestinal structure and improving intestinal microbiota, and its mechanism may be involved in immune-related proteins and pathways.