bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel lanthanide-labeled metal oxide nanoparticles improve the measurement of in vivo clearance and translocation
Authors: Abid Aamir D , Anderson Donald S , Das Gautom K , Van Winkle Laura S , Kennedy Ian M 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The deposition, clearance and translocation of europium-doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticles in a mouse lung were investigated experimentally. Nanoparticles were synthesized by spray flame pyrolysis. The particle size, crystallinity and surface properties were characterized. Following instillation, the concentrations of particles in organs were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The protein corona coating the nanoparticles was found to be similar to the coating on more environmentally relevant nanoparticles such as iron oxide. Measurements of the solubility of the nanoparticles in surrogates of biological fluids indicated very little propensity for dissolution, and the elemental ratio of particle constituents did not change, adding further support to the contention that intact nanoparticles were measured. The particles were intratracheally instilled into the mouse lung. After 24 hours, the target organs were harvested, acid digested and the nanoparticle mass in each organ was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The nanoparticles were detected in all the studied organs at low ppb levels; 59% of the particles remained in the lung. A significant amount of particles was also detected in the feces, suggesting fast clearance mechanisms. The nanoparticle system used in this work is highly suitable for quantitatively determining deposition, transport and clearance of nanoparticles from the lung, providing a quantified measure of delivered dose.
Propionic acidemia: clinical course and outcome in 55 pediatric and adolescent patients
Authors: Grünert Sarah C , Müllerleile Stephanie , De Silva Linda , Barth Michael , Walter Melanie , Walter Kerstin , Meissner Thomas , Lindner Martin , Ensenauer Regina , Santer René , Bodamer Olaf A , Baumgartner Matthias R , Brunner-Krainz Michaela , Karall Daniela , Haase Claudia , Knerr Ina , Marquardt Thorsten , Hennermann Julia B , Steinfeld Robert , Beblo Skadi , Koch Hans-Georg , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine , van Teeffelen-Heithoff Agnes , Suormala Terttu , Sperl Wolfgang , Kraus Jan P , Superti-Furga Andrea , Schwab Karl Otfried , Sass Jörn Oliver 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Propionic acidemia is an inherited disorder caused by deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Although it is one of the most frequent organic acidurias, information on the outcome of affected individuals is still limited.

Study design/methods
Clinical and outcome data of 55 patients with propionic acidemia from 16 European metabolic centers were evaluated retrospectively. 35 patients were diagnosed by selective metabolic screening while 20 patients were identified by newborn screening. Endocrine parameters and bone age were evaluated. In addition, IQ testing was performed and the patients’ and their families’ quality of life was assessed.

Results
The vast majority of patients (>85%) presented with metabolic decompensation in the neonatal period. Asymptomatic individuals were the exception. About three quarters of the study population was mentally retarded, median IQ was 55. Apart from neurologic symptoms, complications comprised hematologic abnormalities, cardiac diseases, feeding problems and impaired growth. Most patients considered their quality of life high. However, according to the parents’ point of view psychic problems were four times more common in propionic acidemia patients than in healthy controls.

Conclusion
Our data show that the outcome of propionic acidemia is still unfavourable, in spite of improved clinical management. Many patients develop long-term complications affecting different organ systems. Impairment of neurocognitive development is of special concern. Nevertheless, self-assessment of quality of life of the patients and their parents yielded rather positive results.
Electronic Properties of Poly[3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)thiophene] and Poly(3-cyclohexylthiophene)
Authors: Aoyama Yoshinori , Hatakeyama Kouji , Mukai Takuma , Koizumi Hitoshi 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) with alkyl side chains longer than or equal to butyl is soluble in some solvents and fusible. However, conductive states of P3AT are unstable. In order to develop soluble conductive polymers with a stable conductive state, electronic properties of poly[3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)thiophene] (P3DMPT) and poly(3-cyclohexylthiophene) (P3cHT) were compared with those of poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT). The photoabsorption spectrum of P3DMPT did not change before and after doping with NOBF4. This is due to its high oxidation potential. The oxidation peak in the cyclic voltammogram of P3DMPT was 1.65 V vs. Ag/Ag+, which is too high to be doped with NOBF4. Polaron peaks were observed after the doping of P3cHT. The polarons of P3cHT decayed faster than those of P3OT with time. However, the behavior of the electron spin resonance spectrum of P3cHT was different from that of P3OT: the spin concentration of P3cHT decreased, whereas the spin concentration of P3OT increased with time. The conductive state of P3cHT will decay through different mechanism of P3OT: their dedoping will be a reverse process of doping. The reverse dedoping processes of P3cHT will be due to the high oxidation potentials of P3cHT.
Establishing Equivalence: Methodological Progress in Group-matching Design and Analysis
Authors: Kover Sara T. , Atwood Amy K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis methodological review draws attention to the challenges faced by intellectual and developmental disabilities researchers in the appropriate design and analysis of group comparison studies. We provide a brief overview of matching methodologies in the field, emphasizing group-matching designs used in behavioral research on cognition and language in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and Williams syndrome. The limitations of relying on p values to establish group equivalence are discussed in the context of other existing methods: equivalence tests, propensity scores, and regression-based analyses. Our primary recommendation for advancing research on intellectual and developmental disabilities is the use of descriptive indices of adequate group matching: effect sizes (i.e., standardized mean differences) and variance ratios.
Comparison of the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th Edition, in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Grondhuis Sabrina Nicole , Mulick James A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A review of hospital records was conducted for children evaluated for autism spectrum disorders who completed both the Leiter International Performance Scale—Revised (Leiter-R) and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th Edition (SB5). Participants were between 3 and 12 years of age. Diagnoses were autistic disorder (n  =  26, 55%) and pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified (n  =  21, 45%). Analysis showed that the full sample received significantly higher scores on the Leiter-R than SB5 (mean discrepancy of 20.91 points), specific diagnosis was not a significant factor, and younger children had a larger discrepancy between tests. These analyses strongly suggest that the Leiter-R and the SB5 may not be equivalent measures of intellectual functioning in children with autism spectrum disorders, and that use of one or the other exclusively could lead to misclassification of intellectual capacity.
Discretion and Manipulation by Experts: Evidence from a Vehicle Emissions Policy Change
Authors: Pierce Lamar , Snyder Jason A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Environmental regulation seeks to limit pollution through strict emissions thresholds for existing cars, yet it remains unclear how frequently inspectors enforce these regulations and what impact test manipulation has on policy efficacy. We demonstrate (1) that there is a distinct discontinuous drop in the distribution of emissions results at the regulatory threshold (2) that when the state tightens emissions standards, over 50% of the vehicles newly at risk for failure now pass instantaneously after the regulation changes. These improvements cannot be explained by legitimate repairs but are consistent with facilities exploiting procedural discretion in order to help consumers evade the strengthened regulations.
Testing for Cointegration in the Presence of Moving Average Errors
Authors: Mallory Mindy , Lence Sergio H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study explores performance of the Johansen cointegration statistics on data containing negative moving average (NMA) errors. Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate that the asymptotic distributions of the statistics are sensitive to NMA parameters, and that using the standard 5% asymptotic critical values results in severe underestimation of the actual test sizes. We demonstrate that problems associated with NMA errors do not decrease as sample size increases; instead, they become more severe. Further we examine evidence that many U.S. commodity prices are characterized by NMA errors. Pretesting data is recommended before using standard asymptotic critical values for Johansen’s cointegration tests.
RNAi and retroviruses: are they in RISC?
Authors: Vasselon Thierry , Bouttier Manuella , Saumet Anne , Lecellier Charles-Henri 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a potent cellular system against viruses in various organisms. Although common traits are observed in plants, insects, and nematodes, the situation observed in mammals appears more complex. In mammalian somatic cells, RNAi is implicated in endonucleolytic cleavage mediated by artificially delivered small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as well as in translation repression mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Because siRNAs and miRNAs recognize viral mRNAs, RNAi inherently limits virus production and participates in antiviral defense. However, several observations made in the cases of hepatitis C virus and retroviruses (including the human immunodeficiency virus and the primate foamy virus) bring evidence that this relationship is much more complex and that certain components of the RNAi effector complex [called the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)], such as AGO2, are also required for viral replication. Here, we summarize recent discoveries that have revealed this dual implication in virus biology. We further discuss their potential implications for the functions of RNAi-related proteins, with special emphasis on retrotransposition and genome stability.
CYP3A4/5 combined genotype analysis for predicting statin dose requirement for optimal lipid control
Authors: Kitzmiller Joseph Paul , Sullivan Danielle M. , Phelps Mitchell A. , Wang Danxin , Sadee Wolfgang 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background: Statins are indicated for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Metabolism of certain statins involves the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes, and CYP3A4*22 significantly influences the dose needed for achieving optimal lipid control for atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin. CYP3A4/5 combined genotype approaches have proved useful in some studies involving CYP3A substrates. We intend to compare a combined genotype analysis to our previously reported single gene CYP3A4 analysis.

Methods: A total of 235 patients receiving stable statin doses were genotyped and grouped by CYP3A4/5 status.

Results: The number and demographic composition of the patients categorized into the combined genotype groups were consistent with those reported for other cohorts. Dose requirement was significantly associated with the ordered combined-genotype grouping; median daily doses were nearly 40% greater for CYP3A4/5 intermediate metabolizers compared with poor metabolizers, and median daily doses were nearly double for extensive metabolizers compared with poor metabolizers. The combined-genotype approach, however, did not improve the genotype-dosage correlation p-values when compared with the previously-reported analysis; values changed from 0.129 to 0.166, 0.036 to 0.185, and 0.014 to 0.044 for atorvastatin, simvastatin, and the combined statin analysis, respectively.

Conclusions: The previously-reported single-gene approach was superior for predicting statin dose requirement in this cohort.
Why not just switch on the light?: light and its versatile applications in the field of nanomedicine
Authors: Lehner Roman , Hunziker Patrick 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Over the last decade, the emerging field of nanomedicine has undergone rapid progresses. Different internal and external stimuli like pH, temperature, radiation, ultrasound or light have been introduced to expand the diagnostic and therapeutic options of various applications within the field. This review focuses on the novel application of light in the field of nanomedicine as a mechanism to control drug delivery, release and biochemical and genetic functionality at the target. The field of functional nanomaterials for medicine, and in particular of light responsive nanocarriers, polymers and biomolecules offer new therapeutic options but also requires substantial further research to render this approach broadly applicable in clinical practice.
Injective objects and retracts of Fraïssé limits
Authors: Kubiś Wiesław 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We present a purely category-theoretic characterization of retracts of Fraïssé limits. For this aim, we consider a natural version of injectivity with respect to a pair of categories (a category and its subcategory). It turns out that retracts of Fraïssé limits are precisely the objects that are injective relatively to such a pair. One of the applications is a characterization of non-expansive retracts of Urysohn's universal metric space.
A Single-To-Differential LNA using Differential Active Inductor for GPS Applications
Authors: Babaei Kia Hojjat , Khari A'ain Abu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a single-ended input, differential output low noise amplifier for GPS applications in 0.18 µm CMOS technology. This Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is composed of a common source (CS) amplifier adopted with a common gate, common source (CGCS) balun load. Instead of spiral on-chip inductor, a differential active inductor circuit (DAI) is used as an active load of balun and also
Hot Corrosion of Co-based Alloys with 25%NaCl+75%Na2SO4 Coating at 1173 K
Authors: Fu Guangyan , Guo Xingxing , Liu Qun , Zhao Xin , Su Yong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHot corrosion behavior of pure Co, Co-10Cr and Co-10Cr-5Al alloys in the presence of a salt coat of Na2SO4+NaCl in air at 1173 K was studied. The results indicated that among the three samples, the mass gain of Co-10Cr-5Al alloy is the smallest, while that of Co-10Cr is biggest. The corrosion products of Co-10Cr-5Al can be divided into three layers, of which the outside layer is CoO, the middle layer consists of Cr2O3 and Al2O3, and the inside layer is a small amount of Chromium sulfide and aluminum sulfide. The corrosion products of Co-10Cr can also be divided into three layers, from the outermost to the innermost layer are CoO, Cr2O3, and small amount of Cr2S3. The corrosion resistance of Co-10Cr-5Al alloy is better than that of Co-10Cr alloy.
Comparison between antenatal neurodevelopmental test and fetal Doppler in the assessment of fetal well being
Authors: Kurjak Asim , Talic Amira , Honemeyer Ulrich , Stanojevic Milan , Zalud Ivica 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to compare circulatory changes in the fetal brain under certain pathological conditions with alterations in fetal behavior.

Patients and methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study on fetal behavior of fetuses from singleton pregnancies between the 28th and 38th gestational week in the period from March 2009 to October 2011 was undertaken. There were 596 fetuses in the high-risk group and 273 fetuses in the low-risk group. Elevated umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index and reduced middle cerebral artery pulsatility index obtained in the absence of fetal movements were considered abnormal. The Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET) was used to assess fetal behavior.

Results: Statistically significant differences in the distribution of normal, abnormal, and borderline KANET scores between low-risk and high-risk groups were found. Furthermore, 596 fetuses from the high-risk group were subdivided into subgroups according to the risk factor. The largest proportion of abnormal KANET scores (23.9%) was in the subgroup of fetuses whose mothers had an offspring diagnosed with cerebral palsy (23.9%), followed by the proportion of borderline KANET scores in the subgroup of fetuses from febrile mothers (12.7%). Fetal behavior was significantly different between the normal group and the following subgroups of fetuses: fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus, threatened preterm birth, antepartal hemorrhage, maternal fever, sibling with cerebral palsy, and polyhydramnios.

Conclusions: A new clinical application of the KANET test in early identification of fetuses at risk for adverse neurological outcome was demonstrated.
Congenital anomalies, prematurity, and low birth weight rates in relation to nuclear power plant proximity1)
Authors: Mangones Tania , Visintainer Paul , Brumberg Heather L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal residential proximity to a nuclear reactor is associated with prevalence of certain birth defects.

Study design: The New York State Vital Statistics and Congenital Malformations Registry data (1992–2001) were analyzed for five Hudson Valley counties in a 20-mile radius from the Indian Point nuclear reactor (Buchanan, NY, USA). Four zones of 5-mile increments were used to categorize proximity to the reactor. Data included congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and prematurity.

Result: Over the 10-year period, 702 malformations in 666 children were identified from a birth population of 328,124, yielding a regional rate of 2.1 major malformations per 1000 births. The prevalence of defects, low birth weight, and prematurity were not related to proximity to the nuclear power plant.

Conclusion: These data did not substantiate an association between maternal proximity to the reactor and certain birth defects and provide baseline data for comparison in the event of a nuclear accident.
Towards nano-scale photonics with micro-scale photons: the opportunities and challenges of mid-infrared plasmonics
Authors: Law Stephanie , Podolskiy Viktor , Wasserman Daniel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons and their localized counterparts, surface plasmons, are widely used at visible and near-infrared (near-IR) frequencies to confine, enhance, and manipulate light on the subwavelength scale. At these frequencies, surface plasmons serve as enabling mechanisms for future on-chip communications architectures, high-performance sensors, and high-resolution imaging and lithography systems. Successful implementation of plasmonics-inspired solutions at longer wavelengths, in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency range, would benefit a number of highly important technologies in health- and defense-related fields that include trace-gas detection, heat-signature sensing, mimicking, and cloaking, and source and detector development. However, the body of knowledge of visible/near-IR frequency plasmonics cannot be easily transferred to the mid-IR due to the fundamentally different material response of metals in these two frequency ranges. Therefore, mid-IR plasmonic architectures for subwavelength light manipulation require both new materials and new geometries. In this work we attempt to provide a comprehensive review of recent approaches to realize nano-scale plasmonic devices and structures operating at mid-IR wavelengths. We first discuss the motivation for the development of the field of mid-IR plasmonics and the fundamental differences between plasmonics in the mid-IR and at shorter wavelengths. We then discuss early plasmonics work in the mid-IR using traditional plasmonic metals, illuminating both the impressive results of this work, as well as the challenges arising from the very different behavior of metals in the mid-IR, when compared to shorter wavelengths. Finally, we discuss the potential of new classes of mid-IR plasmonic materials, capable of mimicking the behavior of traditional metals at shorter wavelengths, and allowing for true subwavelength, and ultimately, nano-scale confinement at long wavelengths.
Multi-photon microscopic imaging of inflammatory fibroid polyps/Multi-Photonen-Mikroskopie entzündlich fibroider Polypen
Authors: Kang Deyong , Xu Meifang , Jiang Shanghai , Zhuo Shuangmu , Zhu Xiaoqin , Xie Shusen , Chen Jianxin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMost applications of multi-photon microscopy (MPM) in biology and medicine focus on high-resolution imaging of physiology, morphology and cell–cell interactions in intact tissues or live animals. In this paper, our aim is to assess whether MPM has the ability to provide comparable information for stained histology slides and to identify inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) tissue sections without H&E staining.A tissue section without H&E staining was examined using a multi-photon microscope consisting of a mode-locked Ti: sapphire femtosecond laser (Mira 900-F; Coherent, Inc.) and a commercial laser scanning microscope (LSM 510 META; Carl Zeiss, Inc.) with a Plan-Neofluar 40×/0.75 objective. Large area images and a series of optical sectioning images were obtained using an optional fine-focusing stage (HRZ 200; Carl Zeiss, Inc.).MPM images showed the main characteristics of IFP that corresponded well with H&E microscopic results, such as a typical onion skin arrangement of reticular fibers around thin-walled blood vessels, and short spindle cells intermixed with abundant inflammatory cells. A series of optical sectioning images displayed morphological structure of tissue sections at different depths.MPM has the ability to provide comparable results to H&E staining. Its capability of optical sectioning can present the morphological structure of different optical sectioning planes, making MPM an alternative for those cases where the sample is very thick or cannot be stained.
Assessment of composition changes in demineralization and remineralization of human dentin using Raman spectroscopy/Beurteilung der Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung von humanem Dentin durch Demineralisation und Remineralisation mittels Raman-Spektroskopie
Authors: Zhan Zhenlin , Zhang Xianzeng , Guo Wenqing , Xie Shusen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo evaluate the whole process of demineralization and remineralization in human dentin using Raman spectroscopy (RS).Human molars from Chinese subjects were cut into tooth sections and painted with an acid-resistant varnish leaving one dentin surface exposed. The tooth sections were immersed in 0.3% citric acid to simulate the oral natural demineralization and were randomly divided into three groups with a sample size of n=12 each: 10 min (I), 20 min (II), and 40 min (III), according to the acid etch time. Then all the samples were submitted to a remineralizing solution for 5 days. The Raman spectra were measured before and after each treatment.The result showed that although there was no new constituent formed in the whole process, the peak intensities of inorganic constituents decreased with the increase of acid etch time, while the trend of the organic constituents were the opposite. After remineralization, the peak intensities of inorganic constituents increased again.In conclusion, using RS it would be possible to efficiently monitor the demineralization and remineralization status of human dentin.