bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the flow regime in a biofilm carrier by means of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Herrling Maria P. , Guthausen Gisela , Wagner Michael , Lackner Susanne , Horn Harald 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTBiofilms on cylindrical carrier material originating from a lab‐scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were investigated by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to determine the local flow velocities at the inner face of the biofilm carrier. To get an insight into the mass transport processes, flow velocity maps of blank and with biofilm cultivated carriers were measured. A single carrier was placed in a tube in three different orientations and exposed to flow velocities of 0.21, 0.42, and 0.64 mm/s. The interplay of the biofilm morphology and the local flow pattern was then analyzed including the effect of the orientation of the carrier in relation to the upstream flow angle. Within this study, the biofilm carrier can be understood as an interconnected system of four sections in which the incoming fluid volume will be distributed depending on the biomass occupation and morphology. In sections with high biofilm occupation, the flow resistance is increased. Depending on the orientation of the carrier in the flow field, this effect leads to flow evasion through less covered sections showing higher flow velocities and consequently the risk of biofilm detachment. However, there was no clear correlation between biofilm coverage and flow ratio. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1023–1032. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of breath gas composition of lung cancer patients using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with monolithic material sorptive extraction
Authors: Ma Wen , Gao Peng , Fan Jun , Hashi Yuki , Chen Zilin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method with monolithic material sorptive extraction (MMSE) pretreatment was developed to determine the breath gas composition in lung cancer patients. MonoTrap silica monolithic and hybrid adsorbent was selected as the extraction medium during MMSE, given its strong capacity to extract volatile organic compounds (VOC) from exhaled gas. Under the appropriate conditions, high extraction efficiency was achieved. Using the selected ion‐monitoring mode, the limit of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio 3) for the benzene series was 0.012–2.172 ng L−1. The limit of quantitation (signal‐to‐noise ratio, 10) was 0.042–7.24 ng L−1. The linearity range of the method was 4–400 ng L−1. Average recovery of the benzene series at lower concentrations was 65–74% (20 ng L−1). The relative standard deviation of benzene series contents determined within the linear range of detection was <10% of the mean level determined. Our proposed method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and can be competently applied to determine the breath gas composition of lung cancer patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric Modification of TiO2 Nanofibers with Gold by Electric‐Field‐Assisted Photochemistry
Authors: Ongaro Michael , Roche Jerôme , Kuhn Alexander , Ugo Paolo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Paolo Ugo (University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Italy) and Prof. Alexander Kuhn (Université de Bordeaux, France). The cover image shows gold‐modified fibres that are produced by the synergy of an electric field and photochemistry. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/celc.201402161.
Stereoselective Formation and Metabolism of 20(S)‐Protopanaxadiol Ocotillol Type Epimers in Vivo and in Vitro
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Wang Li , Wu Xiangmeng , Xu Lixiao , Meng Qingguo , Liu Wanhui 
Published: November 2014

Abstract(20S,24S)‐epoxy‐dammarane‐3,12,25‐triol (24S‐epimer) and (20S,24R)‐epoxy‐ dammarane‐3,12,25‐triol (24R‐epimer), a pair of ocotillol type epimers, were identified as the main metabolites of 20(S)‐protopanaxadiol (PPD). The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the formation and metabolism of this pair of epimers in vivo and in vitro and to elucidate the isoforms of cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the stereoselective metabolism of both epimers. The result showed that 24S‐epimer was a more predominant ingredient in rat plasma after oral administration of PPD with higher area under the curve (AUC) values. Both the enzyme kinetic evaluations of the formation and elimination of 24S‐epimer and 24R‐epimer in rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM) indicated that 24S‐epimer had a higher formation rate and a lower oxygenation metabolism rate than 24R‐epimer, and the stereoselective differences were more obvious in HLM than in RLM. The chemical inhibition and recombinant human P450 isoforms assay showed that CYP3A4 was the predominant isoform responsible for the further metabolism of 24R‐epimer in HLM. The biliary excretion ratio of the 24S‐epimer glucuronide was more than 28‐fold higher than that of 24R‐epimer glucuronide after intravenous administration to rats, which also indicated 24S‐epimer was more preferential to be metabolized as the glucuronide conjugate than 24R‐epimer. Chirality 27:170–176, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of a dedicated double loop, endoluminal coil for anal sphincter MR imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T
Authors: Verret J.‐M. , Pilleul F. , Rabrait C. , Malher E. , Piranda S. , Delforge J‐F. , Saint‐James H. , Beuf O. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMRI has proven its usefulness in the prediction of surgical anterior anal repair that cannot be done with the reference endosonographic exam. Conventional endorectal coils are often based on a single loop coil design and do not possess satisfactory radial uniformity which could impede the correct assessment of the anal sphincter. In this study, several double loop endorectal coils were designed, built, and assessed in simulations, on phantoms and in vivo. The optimum was found for a 50°–70° double loop endorectal coil which presents a better radial uniformity especially at close distance from the coil where the SNR is the highest. First in vivo experiments proved enhanced readability of the MR exam for the radiologist. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 44B: 39–49, 2014
A case‐matched study of toxicity outcomes after proton therapy and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Fang Penny , Mick Rosemarie , Deville Curtiland , Both Stefan , Bekelman Justin E. , Christodouleas John P. , Guzzo Thomas J. , Tochner Zelig , Hahn Stephen M. , Vapiwala Neha 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDThe authors assessed whether proton beam therapy (PBT) for prostate cancer (PCa) was associated with differing toxicity compared with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using case‐matched analysis.METHODSFrom 2010 to 2012, 394 patients who had localized PCa received 79.2 Gray (Gy) relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) delivered with either PBT (181 patients) or IMRT (213 patients). Patients were case‐matched on risk group, age, and prior gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) disorders, resulting in 94 matched pairs. Both exact matching (risk group) and nearest‐neighbor matching (age, prior GI/GU disorders) were used. Residual confounding was adjusted for by using multivariable regression. Maximum acute and late GI/GU Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events‐graded toxicities were compared using univariate and multivariable logistic and Cox regression models, respectively.RESULTSBladder and rectum dosimetry variables were significantly lower for PBT versus IMRT (P ≤ .01). The median follow‐up was 47 months (range, 5‐65 months) for patients who received IMRT and 29 months (range, 5‐50 months) for those who received PBT. On multivariable analysis, which exploited case matching and included direct adjustment for confounders and independent predictors, there were no statistically significant differences between IMRT and PBT in the risk of grade ≥2 acute GI toxicity (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06‐1.24; P = .09), grade ≥2 acute GU toxicity (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.32‐1.51; P = .36), grade ≥2 late GU toxicity (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.22‐1.41; P = .22), and grade ≥2 late GI toxicity (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.53‐2.94; P = .62).CONCLUSIONSIn this matched comparison of prospectively collected toxicity data on patients with PCa who received treatment with contemporary IMRT and PBT techniques and similar dose‐fractionation schedules, the risks of acute and late GI/GU toxicities did not differ significantly after adjustment for confounders and predictive factors. Cancer 2015;121:1118–1127. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Metformin for primary colorectal cancer prevention in patients with diabetes: A case‐control study in a US population
Authors: Sehdev Amikar , Shih Ya‐Chen T. , Vekhter Benjamin , Bissonnette Marc B. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Polite Blase N. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDEmerging evidence from observational studies has suggested that metformin may be beneficial in the primary prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to the authors' knowledge, none of these studies was conducted in a US population. Because environmental factors such as Western diet and obesity are implicated in the causation of CRC, a large case‐control study was performed to assess the effects of metformin on the incidence of CRC in a US population.METHODSMarketScan databases were used to identify diabetic patients with CRC. A case was defined as having an incident diagnosis of CRC. Up to 2 controls matched for age, sex, and geographical region were selected for each case. Metformin exposure was assessed by prescription tracking within the 12‐month period before the index date. Conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for multiple potential confounders and to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs).RESULTSThe mean age of the study participants was 55 years and 57 years, respectively, in the control and case groups (P = 1.0). Approximately 60% of the study participants were male and 40% were female in each group. In the multivariable model, any metformin use was associated with a 15% reduction in the odds of CRC (AOR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.76‐0.95 [P = .007]). After adjusting for health care use, the beneficial effect of metformin was reduced to 12% (AOR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.77‐1.00 [P = .05]). The dose‐response analyses demonstrated no significant association with metformin dose, duration, or total exposure.CONCLUSIONSMetformin use appears to be associated with a reduced risk of developing CRC among diabetic patients in the United States. Cancer 2015;121:1071–1078. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Divergent innervation of the olfactory bulb by distinct raphe nuclei
Authors: Steinfeld Raphael , Herb Jan T. , Sprengel Rolf , Schaefer Andreas T. , Fukunaga Izumi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe raphe nuclei provide serotonergic innervation widely in the brain, thought to mediate a variety of neuromodulatory effects. The mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) is a prominent recipient of serotonergic fibers, particularly in the glomerular layer (GL), where they are thought to gate incoming signals from the olfactory nerve. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the median raphe nucleus (MRN) are known to densely innervate the OB. The majority of such projections are thought to terminate in the GL, but this has not been explicitly tested. We sought to investigate this using recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAV)‐mediated expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐synaptophysin targeted specifically to neurons of the DRN or the MRN. With DRN injections, labeled fibers were found mostly in the granule cell layer (GCL), not the GL. Conversely, dense labeling in the GL was observed with MRN injections, suggesting that the source of GL innervation is the MRN, not the DRN, as previously thought. The two raphe nuclei thus give dual innervation within the OB, with distinct innervation patterns. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:805–813, 2015. © 2015 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction study of ranolazine and metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zack Julia , Berg Jolene , Juan Axel , Pannacciulli Nicola , Allard Martine , Gottwald Mildred , Zhang Heather , Shao Yongwu , Ben‐Yehuda Ori , Jochelson Phil 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRanolazine and metformin may be frequently co‐administered in subjects with chronic angina and co‐morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The potential for a drug–drug interaction was explored in two phase 1 clinical studies in subjects with T2DM to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of metformin 1000 mg BID when administered with ranolazine 1000 mg BID (Study 1, N = 28) or ranolazine 500 mg BID (Study 2, N = 25) as compared to metformin alone. Co‐administration of ranolazine 1000 mg BID with metformin 1000 mg BID resulted in 1.53‐ and 1.79‐fold increases in steady‐state metformin Cmax and AUCtau, respectively; co‐administration of ranolazine 500 mg BID with metformin 1000 mg BID resulted in 1.22‐ and 1.37‐fold increases in steady‐state metformin Cmax and AUCtau, respectively. Co‐administration of ranolazine and metformin was well tolerated in these T2DM subjects, with no serious adverse events or drug‐related adverse events leading to discontinuation. The most common adverse events were nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness. These findings are consistent with a dose‐related interaction between ranolazine and metformin, and suggest that a dose adjustment of metformin may not be required with ranolazine 500 mg BID; whereas, the metformin dose should not exceed 1700 mg of total daily dose when using ranolazine 1000 mg BID.
PARP activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a predictive biomarker for PARP inhibition in tumor tissues – A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of rucaparib
Authors: Wang Diane D. , Li Chunze , Sun Wan , Zhang Shuzhong , Shalinsky David R. , Kern Kenneth A. , Curtin Nicola J. , Sam Wai‐Johnn , Kirkpatrick Tanya R. , Plummer Ruth 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeRucaparib is a potent Poly (ADP‐ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitor currently under clinical development. The objectives of this analysis were to establish population PK and PK/PD models for rucaparib, and to evaluate the predictability of PARP activity in PBL for PARP activity in tumor tissues.Experimental DesignRucaparib concentrations and PARP activity in human PBLs and tumor issues were obtained from 32 patients with solid tumors in a Phase 1 First‐in‐Patient study. Simulations were conducted to evaluate different dosing regimens.ResultsA 3‐compartment PK model best described the PK of rucaparib. An Emax model best described the exposure and PARP inhibition relationship. The maximum PARP inhibition (Imax) achieved in PBLs and in tumors were 90.9% and 90.0% of the baseline PARP activity, and the IC50 values were 1.05 ng/mL and 1.10 ng/mL, respectively. PAR polymer baseline value was found to be a covariate of Emin.ConclusionPopulation PK and PK/PD models have been established to describe population PK of rucaparib and the relationship between rucaparib plasma concentration and PARP inhibition in both PBLs and tumor issues. Results from this trial indicated that PARP inhibition in PBLs can be used as a substitute for PARP inhibition in melanoma tumor tissues.
Revisiting the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Magnesium with Online Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Shkirskiy Viacheslav , King Andrew D. , Gharbi Oumaïma , Volovitch Polina , Scully John R. , Ogle Kevin , Birbilis Nick 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe electrochemical impedance of reactive metals such as magnesium is often complicated by an obvious inductive loop with decreasing frequency of the AC polarising signal. The characterisation and ensuing explanation of this phenomenon has been lacking in the literature to date, being either ignored or speculated. Herein, we couple electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with online atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry (AESEC) to simultaneously measure Mg‐ion concentration and electrochemical impedance spectra during Mg corrosion, in real time. It is revealed that Mg dissolution occurs via Mg2+, and that corrosion is activated, as measured by AC frequencies less than approximately 1 Hz approaching DC conditions. The result of this is a higher rate of Mg2+ dissolution, as the voltage excitation becomes slow enough to enable all Mg2+‐enabling processes to adjust in real time. The manifestation of this in EIS data is an inductive loop. The rationalisation of such EIS behaviour, as it relates to Mg, is revealed for the first time by using concurrent AESEC.
Copper‐Doped Dual Phase Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 Nanosheets as High‐Rate and Long Cycle Life Anodes for High‐Power Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Chengcheng , Huang Yanan , An Cuihua , Zhang Hao , Wang Yijing , Jiao Lifang , Yuan Huatang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCu‐doped Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 nanosheets were synthesized by a facile, cheap, and environmentally friendly solution‐based method. These nanostructures were investigated as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Cu doping was found to enhance the electron conductivity of the materials, and the amount of Cu doped controlled the crystal structure and content of TiO2. In addition, the samples, which benefit from multiphases and doping, exhibited much improved capacity, cycle performance, and high rate capability over Cu‐free Li4Ti5O12–TiO2. The discharge capacity of the 0.05 Cu‐doped sample was 190 mAh g−1 at 1C, and even 144 mAh g−1 was obtained at 30C after 100 cycles. Moreover, after 500 cycles at 30C, the discharge capacity remained at approximately 130 mAh g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the cell demonstrated that Cu‐doping was able to adjust and control the Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 system appropriately.
2‐matrix‐based finite element linear solver for fast transient thermal analysis of high‐performance ICs
Authors: Chen Hai‐Bao , Tan Sheldon X.‐D. , Shin David H. , Huang Xin , Wang Hai , Shi Guoyong 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIn this article, we propose
2‐based finite element (FE) solver for transient thermal analysis of high‐performance integrated circuits (ICs).
2‐matrix is a special subclass of hierarchical matrix or
‐matrix, which was shown to provide a data‐sparse way to approximate the matrices and their inverses with almost linear space and time complexities. In this work, we show that
2‐based mathematical framework can also be applied to FE‐based transient analysis of thermal parabolic partial differential equations. We show how the thermal matrix can be approximated by
2‐representations with controlled error. Then, we demonstrate that both storage and time complexities of the new solver are bounded by
, where N is the matrix size. The method can be applied to any thermal structures for both steady and transient analysis. The numerical results from 3D ICs demonstrate the linear scalability of the proposed method in terms of both memory footprint and CPU time. The comparison with existing product‐quality LU solvers, CSPARSE and UMFPACK, on a number of 3D IC thermal matrices, shows that the new method is much more memory efficient than these methods, which however prevents the demonstration of the potential speedup of the proposed method over those methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GABA modulation of SVZ‐derived progenitor ventral cell migration
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Chun , Puche Adam C 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is a proliferative region that provides neurons to olfactory bulb throughout life. The new neurons undergo cell migration from SVZ and travel until they reach their final destination. We previously showed in the early postnatal mouse a ventral migratory subpopulation from SVZ targets the Islands of Calleja (ICC) in the basal forebrain. However, unlike the well‐characterized rostral migratory stream, little is known about the guidance mechanisms operating in the ventrally directed migratory pathway. In this study, we examined the role of neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in SVZ‐derived progenitor ventral migration and the involvement of this neurotransmitter in the cytoarchitectual organization of dispersed cells into the tight clusters of the ICC. Our results show that the ventral SVZ cell migration rate was enhanced by GABA acting through a GABAA receptor and that GABA acts as a directional guidance cue for ventral migrating cells. Furthermore, disruption of GABA signaling inhibited the formation of Island clusters in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that GABA is an important guidance and organizational cue for the Island of Calleja. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 791–804, 2015
Metal Complexes of Very Bulky N,N′‐Diarylimidazolylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands with 2,4,6‐Cycloalkyl Substituents
Authors: Savka Roman , Plenio Herbert 
Published: November 2014

Abstract1,3,5‐Tricycloalkylbenzene (cycloalkyl = C5H9, C6H11) was converted into the respective anilines (by means of nitration and reduction) and then into the corresponding diimines (with glyoxal), the cyclization of which with (HCHO)n/ZnCl2 provided the respective 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐tricyclopentylphenyl)imidazolium salt in modest yields. An analogous reaction sequence that employed acenaphthene‐1,2‐dione instead of glyoxal yielded the two azolium salts in good yields, which were converted into the respective N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes [(NHC)AgCl], [(NHC)AuCl], [(NHC)RhCl(cod)] (cod = cyclooctadiene), and [(NHC)RhCl(CO)2].
Turbine design and field development concepts for tidal, ocean, and river applications
Authors: Zeiner‐Gundersen Dag Herman 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses tidal, ocean, and river free turbine functional design parameters and general considerations associated with tidal field developments. A particular focus is on the importance of considering mechanical fatigue and the associated calculation method when designing a turbine for the challenging hydrodynamic environment. The balance between high‐fatigue resistances, costs associated with designing components, and potential for reduced turbine efficiency is discussed in regards to the potential energy extracted from a field site. A novel flexible foil vertical turbine concept with high‐fatigue resistance, and simple installation and retrieval methods is shown to have a low kWh cost per production output compared to other hydrodynamic turbine concepts. Three possible field development concepts for the flexible foil turbine are described herein for river, ocean current, and tidal applications.
Rheological characteristics of foamed gel for mine fire control
Authors: Zhang Leilin , Qin Botao 
Published: November 2014

SummaryFoamed gel as a new type of fire extinguishing material is used to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal. In order to make a comprehensive study on rheological characteristics of foamed gel for mine fire control, by using type NDJ‐5s digital viscometer, the factors such as mass concentration of the mixture mixed by thickener and crosslinker, foaming multiple, added salts (NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3), pH value and temperature having influences on the rheological properties of foamed gel have been investigated in this paper. It can be found that foamed gel shows the characteristic of non‐Newtonian fluids and has shear‐thinning properties. With increasing of mass concentration of the mixture, the thixotropy response becomes more significant. When the foaming multiple reaches 20, the apparent viscosity gets the maximum value. The obvious viscosity characteristic of ‘polyelectrolyte solution’ is observed in aqueous salt solutions when added salts are put into the solution. Under different conditions of pH values, foamed gel has higher sensitivity to acid than alkaline. Zero shear viscosity, depending on temperature, decreases with the temperature increasing. Meanwhile, the fire performances of foamed gel are studied experimentally and theoretically. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.