bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of cefoxitin screen test on two different automated antimicrobial susceptibility test systems: a comparative study
Authors: Yuceel-Timur Ismail , Garner Cherilyn D. , Franklin Simone , Hardy Dwight J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Reliable detection of
mec
A and
mec
C-mediated beta-lactam resistance using automated antimicrobial susceptibility test systems is critical for patient care. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the new cefoxitin screen test (oxsf02n) on the Vitek 2 card (Vitek 2) and BD Phoenix PMC-100 Gram-Positive AST Panel (Phoenix) against the reference method for the detection of
mec
A (and
mec
C)-mediated beta-lactam resistance. Two hundred fifty clinical fresh and stock
Staphylococcus
spp. isolates were included. There were 120
mec
A-positive, 10
mec
C-positive, and 120
mec
A and
mec
C-negative isolates. Cefoxitin screen and oxacillin tests were performed on Vitek 2 and Phoenix and by their respective reference methods (disk diffusion for the cefoxitin screen test and broth microdilution for oxacillin) for all isolates. PCR testing was also performed to confirm the presence of
mec
A and/or
mec
C genes. Results from each system were compared to the reference methods. Statistical hypotheses were evaluated both for Vitek 2 compared to the reference methods and Vitek 2 compared to the Phoenix. Compared to the reference method, the Vitek 2 cefoxitin screen test had 100% sensitivity/98% specificity and the Phoenix cefoxitin screen test had 84% sensitivity/100% specificity for the detection of
mec
A (and
mec
C)-mediated beta-lactam resistance. When the oxacillin test was combined with the cefoxitin screen for Vitek 2, the sensitivity and specificity were unchanged. However, when the oxacillin and cefoxitin screen tests were combined for the Phoenix, the sensitivity increased to 100% and the specificity remained unchanged (100%). When considering cefoxitin alone, the Vitek 2 screen test showed a higher sensitivity than the Phoenix for the detection of
mec
A and
mec
C-mediated beta-lactam resistance. However, currently, both systems use a combination of the cefoxitin and oxacillin tests to interpret the final result, and both reached a high level of performance when cefoxitin and oxacillin results were combined.

IMPORTANCE
This research marks the inaugural evaluation of the revamped cefoxitin screen test version in Vitek 2, juxtaposing it against reference methods and a primary competitor BD Phoenix.
Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in upper extremity among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: cluster randomised clinical trial (VICTOR trial)
Authors: Ko Ying-Chih , Lin Hao-Yang , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan , Lee An-Fu , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Yang Chih-Wei , Lee Bin-Chou , Wang Yao-Cheng , Yang Wen-Shuo , Chien Yu-Chun , Sun Jen-Tang , Ma Matthew Huei-Ming , Chiang Wen-Chu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in the treatment of adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Design
Cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting
The VICTOR (Venous Injection Compared To intraOsseous injection during resuscitation of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest) trial involved emergency medical service agencies with all four advanced life support ambulance teams in Taipei City, Taiwan. The enrolment period spanned 6 July 2020 to 30 June 2023 and was temporarily suspended between 20 May 2021 and 31 July 2021 owing to the covid-19 pandemic.

Participants
Adult (age 20-80 years) patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Interventions
Biweekly randomised clusters of four participating advanced life support ambulance teams were assigned to insert either intravenous or intraosseous access.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation, sustained return of spontaneous circulation (≥2 hours), and survival with favourable neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category score ≤2) at hospital discharge.

Results
Among 1771 enrolled patients, 1732 (741 in the intraosseous group and 991 in the intravenous group) were included in the primary analysis (median age 65.0 years; 1234 (71.2%) men). In the intraosseous group, 79 (10.7%) patients were discharged alive, compared with 102 (10.3%) patients in the intravenous group (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.42; P=0.81). The odds ratio of intraosseous versus intravenous access was 1.23 (0.89 to 1.69; P=0.21) for pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13; P=0.44) for sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and 1.17 (0.82 to 1.66; P=0.39) for survival with favourable neurological outcomes.

Conclusions
Among adults with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, initial attempts to establish vascular access through the intraosseous route did not result in different outcomes compared with intravenous access in terms of the proportion of patients surviving to hospital discharge, pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and favourable neurological outcomes.

Trial registration

NCT04135547ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04135547
.
GUP corrected black holes with cloud of string
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad , Shaymatov Sanjar , Jha Sohan Kumar , Rahaman Anisur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate shadows, deflection angle, quasinormal modes (QNMs), and sparsity of Hawking radiation of the Schwarzschild string cloud black hole’s solution after applying quantum corrections required by the Generalised Uncertainty Principle (GUP). First, we explore the shadow’s behaviour in the presence of a string cloud using three alternative GUP frameworks: linear quadratic GUP (LQGUP), quadratic GUP (QGUP), and linear GUP. We then used the weak field limit approach to determine the effect of the string cloud and GUP parameters on the light deflection angle, with computation based on the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Next, to compute the quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild string clouds incorporating quantum correction with GUP, we determine the effective potentials generated by perturbing scalar, electromagnetic and fermionic fields, using the sixth-order WKB approach in conjunction with the appropriate numerical analysis. Our investigation indicates that string and linear GUP parameters have distinct and different effects on QNMs. We find that the greybody factor increases due to the presence of string cloud while the linear GUP parameter shows the opposite. We then examine the radiation spectrum and sparsity in the GUP corrected black hole with the cloud of string framework, which provides additional information about the thermal radiation released by black holes. Finally, our inquiries reveal that the influence of the string parameter and the quadratic GUP parameter on various astrophysical observables is comparable, however the impact of the linear GUP parameter is opposite.
Non-triviality of an asymptotically flat vacuum spacetime in pure R2 gravity
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Ky 
Published: July 2024

In [Phys. Rev. D 107, 104008 (2023)], we reported a novel exact closed-form solution which describes asymptotically flat spacetimes in pure [Formula: see text] gravity. The solution is Ricci scalar flat, viz. [Formula: see text] everywhere. Whereas any metric with a null Ricci scalar would trivially satisfy the [Formula: see text] vacuo field equation, [Formula: see text], in this paper, we shall show that our solution satisfies a “stronger” version of the [Formula: see text] vacuo field equation, viz. [Formula: see text], despite the term [Formula: see text] being singular. Even though [Formula: see text] identically vanishes, for our solution, the combinations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are free of singularity. This exceptional property sets our solution apart from the set of null-Ricci-scalar metrics and makes it a genuinely nontrivial solution. We further demonstrate that, as a member of a larger class of asymptotically de Sitter metrics, our solution is resilient against perturbations in the scalar curvature at largest distances, making it relevant for physical situations where the background deviates from asymptotic flatness.
A First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Study with MVX-ONCO-1, a Personalized Active Immunotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Vernet Rémi , Fernandez Eugenio , Migliorini Denis , Ancrenaz Virginie , Charrier Emily , Belkouch Marie-Claude , Von Rohr Olivier , Urwyler Muriel , De Vito Claudio , Renaux Jessica , Villard Jean , Rubin Olivier , Grogg Julien , Mach Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Over two decades, most cancer vaccines failed clinical development. Key factors may be the lack of efficient priming with tumor-specific antigens and strong immunostimulatory signals. MVX-ONCO-1, a personalized cell-based cancer immunotherapy, addresses these critical steps utilizing clinical-grade material to replicate a successful combination seen in experimental models: inactivated patient’s own tumor cells, providing the widest cancer-specific antigen repertoire and a standardized, sustained, local delivery over days of a potent adjuvant achieved by encapsulated cell technology. We conducted an open-label, single-arm, first-in-human phase I study with MVX-ONCO-1 in patients with advanced refractory solid cancer. MVX-ONCO-1 comprises irradiated autologous tumor cells coimplanted with two macrocapsules containing genetically engineered cells producing granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Patients received six immunizations over 9 weeks without maintenance therapy. Primary objectives were safety, tolerability, and feasibility, whereas secondary objectives focused on efficacy and immune monitoring. Data from 34 patients demonstrated safety and feasibility with minor issues. Adverse events included one serious adverse event possibly related to investigational medicinal product and two moderate-related adverse events. More than 50% of the patients with advanced and mainly nonimmunogenic tumors showed clinical benefits, including partial responses, stable diseases, and prolonged survival. In recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, one patient achieved a partial response, whereas another survived for more than 7 years without anticancer therapy for over 5 years. MVX-ONCO-1 is safe, well tolerated, and beneficial across several tumor types. Ongoing phase IIa trials target patients with advanced recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after initial systemic therapy.

Significance:
This first-in-human phase I study introduces a groundbreaking approach to personalized cancer immunotherapy, addressing limitations of traditional strategies. By combining autologous irradiated tumor cells as a source of patient-specific antigens and utilizing encapsulated cell technology for localized, sustained delivery of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant, the study shows a very good safety and feasibility profile. This innovative approach holds the promise of addressing tumor heterogeneity by taking advantage of each patient's antigenic repertoire.
Intra‐arterial Selective Bevacizumab Administration in the Middle Meningeal Artery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: An Early Experience in 12 Hemispheres
Authors: Khalife Jane , Koneru Manisha , Tonetti Daniel A. , Shaikh Hamza A. , Jovin Tudor G. , Patel Pratit D. , Thomas Ajith J. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) has a rising incidence associated with an increasing burden of disability and mortality worldwide. Vascular endothelial growth factor plays an integral role in the inflammation and formation of subdural membranes responsible for the origin and propagation of cSDH. We report an early experience of intra‐arterial bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, to the middle meningeal artery of 12 hemispheres in 8 patients with cSDH.

Methods
Eight patients with either unilateral or bilateral cSDH received intra‐arterial infusion of 2 mg/kg bevacizumab into the middle meningeal artery of each treated hemisphere. The primary outcome was hematoma recurrence or reaccumulation requiring surgical drainage or middle meningeal artery embolization within 3 months posttreatment.

Results
Of 12 hemispheres treated, no treatment‐related complications were reported. Median duration of follow‐up was 5 months (interquartile range 3–7.5). By 3 months posttreatment, no patients experienced hematoma recurrence or reaccumulation. One patient required concurrent evacuation at the time of bevacizumab administration. There were no major strokes or mortality within 3 months. Four hemispheres (33.3%) demonstrated complete radiographic hematoma resolution by 3 months. All hemispheres achieved 50% reduction in hematoma size by 3 months.

Conclusion
For all hemispheres treated, there was no hematoma recurrence or progression requiring surgical drainage or middle meningeal artery embolization within 3 months except 1 who required concurrent evacuation 24 hours after treatment. Our initial experience supports bevacizumab as a novel, potentially viable agent for cSDH treatment in select patients. Future studies in larger cohorts are necessary to confirm efficacy and safety and appropriate dosing.
Future Global River Ice in CMIP6 Models under Climate Change
Authors: Lin Yu , Lü Haishen , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich , Yu Zhongbo , Zhu Yonghua , Liu Mingwen , Chen Tingxing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
River ice changes due to climate change significantly impact river hydrology, economies, and societies. This study employed the CMIP6 data and a river ice model to predict global river ice changes in response to climate change. Results indicate significant declines in global river ice due to global warming. With each 1°C increase in surface air temperature (SAT) in the future, river ice extent of ice-affected rivers decrease by 2.11 percentage points, and ice duration shorten by 8.4 days. Under the shared socioeconomic pathways 2-4.5 (SSP2-4.5) scenario, the long-term mean SAT is 1.2°–2.5°C higher than in the near term. This leads to a 1.9–4.4-percentage-point decrease in global river ice extent, a 6.8–15.1-day decrease in river ice duration, and ice-free rivers increasing by up to 4.02%. The SSP5-8.5 scenario predicts a warmer long-term mean SAT, leading to greater reductions in river ice. Geographically, river ice loss is most notable in North America, Europe, Siberia, and the Tibetan Plateau (TIB), particularly in peninsular, coastal, and mountainous regions due to the combined effects of initial temperatures and temperature increases. Overall, the eastern Europe (EEU) shows the greatest loss of river ice on average. Monthly analyses show the most substantial decreases from October to June, indicating pronounced seasonal variability. This study provides valuable insights for addressing challenges related to river ice changes in high-latitude and high-elevation regions.

Significance Statement
River ice has a significant impact on various aspects, including hydrology, ecology, and the economy. The ongoing global warming phenomenon has resulted in a decline in river ice. This ice acts as a barrier, affecting river gas exchange and influencing the metabolism of the river, which is crucial for regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The primary objective of this research is to examine the response of river ice to future climate change. The outcomes of this study will play a role in estimating future GHG emissions and understanding river metabolism, as well as providing a valuable reference for tackling emerging challenges in resource acquisition in high-latitude and high-altitude regions.
Understanding the Factors Controlling MJO Prediction Skill across Events
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Wang Lu , Hsu Pang-chi , Li Tim , Xiang Baoqiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The prediction skill for individual Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events is highly variable, but the key factors behind this remain unclear. Using the latest hindcast results from the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) phase II models, this study attempts to understand the diverse prediction skill for the MJO events with an enhanced convective anomaly over the eastern Indian Ocean (IO) at the forecast start date, by investigating the preference of the prediction skill to the MJO-associated convective anomalies and low-frequency background states (LFBS). Compared to the low-skill MJO events, the high-skill events are characterized by a stronger intraseasonal convection–circulation couplet over the IO before the forecast start date, which could result in a longer zonal propagation range during the forecast period, thereby leading to a higher score for assessing the prediction skill. The difference in intraseasonal fields can further be attributed to the LFBS of IO sea surface temperature (SST) and quasi-biannual oscillation (QBO), with the high-skill (low-skill) events corresponding to a warmer (colder) IO and easterly (westerly) QBO phase. The physical link is that a warm IO could increase the low-level convective instability and thus amplify MJO convection over the IO, whereas an easterly QBO phase could weaken the Maritime Continent barrier effect by weakening the static stability near the tropopause, thus favoring eastward propagation of the MJO. It is also found that the combined effects of IO SST and QBO phases are more effective in influencing MJO prediction skill than individual LFBS.
Significance Statement
Given the importance of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in the subseasonal predictability of global weather and climate, how well the MJO itself can be predicted is a matter of concern. This study reveals the critical observational factors that determine the variation in MJO prediction skill across events. Without making any presumptions about what the factors would be, the observed MJO events are separated according to their individual prediction skill, and the difference between the MJO events with higher and lower skill is then investigated. The results show that the low-frequency background states of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the quasi-biannual oscillation are good indicators for MJO prediction skill, for their modulatory role in the MJO propagation range.
Poleward Migration of the Latitude of Maximum Tropical Cyclone Intensity—Forced or Natural?
Authors: Lin Jonathan , Lee Chia-Ying , Camargo Suzana J. , Sobel Adam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Past studies have shown a significant observed poleward trend in the latitude at which tropical cyclones reach their lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), especially in the northwest Pacific basin. Given the brevity of the historical record, it remains difficult to separate the forced trend from internal variability of the climate system. A recently developed tropical cyclone downscaling model is used to downscale the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), preindustrial control simulation. It is found that the observed trend in the latitude at which tropical cyclones reach their LMI in the northwest Pacific is very unlikely to be caused by internal variability. The same downscaling model is then used to downscale CESM2 simulations under historical forcing. The resulting trend distribution shows a significant poleward migration of tropical cyclone LMI even after regressing out both natural variability and the part of the forced warming pattern that projects onto natural variability. The results indicate that the observed poleward migration of the latitude at which tropical cyclones reach their LMI in the northwest Pacific basin is likely to be, at least in part, forced. However, the magnitude of the projected poleward trend in climate models can be significantly modulated by the simulated spatial pattern of ocean warming. This highlights how discrepancies between models and observations, with regard to projected changes to the equatorial zonal sea surface temperature gradient under anthropogenic forcing, can lead to large uncertainties in projected changes to the LMI latitude of tropical cyclones.

Significance Statement
Observations in the northwest Pacific basin show that the latitude at which tropical cyclones are at their most intense has been trending northward in the recent half century. These changes are important since tropical cyclones could bring hazardous weather to coastal areas that are poorly equipped to handle them. Here, we show that natural variations in Earth’s climate are very unlikely to explain the observed poleward trend in the latitude that tropical cyclone reach their maximum intensity. We find that it is much more likely that the observed trend is forced by human-related emissions, though the spatial pattern of warming in response to greenhouse emissions can have significant impacts on the magnitude of the trend.
Forging one’s identity as a twin: Balancing sibling cohesion and deidentification
Authors: Kramer Laurie , Dean Cassandra M. , Dean Alexis A. , Morgan Melissa S. 
Published: July 2024

Little is known about how twins influence one another’s development during emerging adulthood. Although the exact mechanisms that underlie sibling influence have not been firmly established, they likely encompass processes that highlight either sibling identification (e.g., seeking similarities and imitation in the service of building cohesion) or deidentification (e.g., seeking differences that distinguish themselves to reduce competition, rivalry, and jealousy). Because past research inferred these processes rather than directly assess them, we conducted a mixed methods study in which 20 sets of monozygotic (MZ, n = 11 dyads) and dizygotic (DZ, n = 9 dyads) twins, aged 19.70 years (SD = 1.11), were interviewed individually regarding their personal identity development and sibling relationship. A grounded theory approach guided the qualitative analysis, which included coordinating twins’ interview responses at the dyadic level. Each twin also completed the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire which provided a complementary quantitative assessment. 75% of the dyads prioritized differentiation and felt that college was the optimal time to pursue unique identities and goals. Those who prioritized seeking similarity were MZ twins who sought emotional closeness and support and attended the same college. Rather than pitting social learning and deidentification as opposing processes, the results suggest that deidentification is a developmental process in which twins increasingly take steps towards independence while seeking to retain the closeness, trust, and reliance they have long enjoyed in their relationship. Practical implications for helping twins balance their needs for autonomy and distinctiveness, while maintaining emotional closeness, are discussed.