bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system-Urinary tract tuberculosis: Renal tuberculosis-Part I
Authors: Merchant Suleman , Bharati Alpa , Merchant Neesha 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide scourge and its incidence appears to be increasing due to various factors, such as the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The insidious onset and non-specific constitutional symptoms of genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) often lead to delayed diagnosis and rapid progression to a non-functioning kidney. Due to hematogenous dissemination of TB, there is a potential risk of involvement of the contralateral kidney too. Imaging plays an important role in the making of a timely diagnosis and in the planning of treatment, and thus helps to avoid complications such as renal failure. Imaging of GUTB still remains a challenge, mainly on account of the dearth of literature, especially related to the use of the newer modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This two-part article is a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and imaging findings in renal TB. Various imaging features of GUTB are outlined, from the pathognomonic lobar calcification on plain film, to finer early changes such as loss of calyceal sharpness and papillary necrosis on intravenous urography (IVU); to uneven caliectasis and urothelial thickening, in the absence of renal pelvic dilatation, as well as the hitherto unreported ′lobar caseation′ on ultrasonography (USG). Well-known complications of GUTB such as sinus tracts, fistulae and amyloidosis are described, along with the relatively less well-known complications such as tuberculous interstitial nephritis (TIN), which may remain hidden because of its ′culture negative′ nature and thus lead to renal failure. The second part of the article reviews the computed tomography (CT) and MRI features of GUTB and touches upon future imaging techniques along with imaging of TB in transplant recipients and in immunocompromised patients.
Congenital duplication of mastoid segment of facial nerve: A rare case report
Authors: Jakkani Ravi Kanth , KI Ragavendra , Karnawat Aruna , Vittal R , Kumar Anjani D 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCongenital duplication of facial nerve is a very rare anomaly commonly associated with inner and middle ear anomalies. There can be duplication of mastoid, tympanic, or labyrinthine segments. We describe duplication of mastoid segment of facial nerve in a young female who also showed middle ear anomalies and external auditory canal atresia.
Comparing percutaneous primary and secondary biliary stenting for malignant biliary obstruction: A retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Chatzis Nikolaos , Pfiffner Roger , Glenck Michael , Stolzmann Paul , Pfammatter Thomas , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Percutaneous transhepatic primary biliary stenting (PS) is an alternative to the widely used staged procedure (secondary biliary stenting, SS) for treating obstructive jaundice in cancer patients. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PS and SS, a retrospective analysis was carried out. Materials and Methods: The percutaneous biliary stenting procedures performed between January 2000 and December 2007 at one hepatobiliary center were retrospectively analyzed, comparing the technical success rates, complications, and length of hospitalization of the two procedures. Of 61 patients (mean age 65.5 ± 13.1 years; range 31.1-92.7 years) suffering from obstructive jaundice caused by primary or metastatic tumors, 30 received PS and 31 received SS. The groups were comparable in the anatomical level of the obstruction, stent configuration, or the concurrent presence of cholangitis. Placement of metallic stents required one session for patients in the PS group and an average of 2.6 ± 1.1 sessions for patients in the SS group. Results: The overall technical success rate was 98.4% with 1 (1/61) failed approach to transcend the occlusion in the SS group. The rate of minor complications was 10% in the PS group and 6.5% in the SS group. The corresponding rates of major complications were 23.3% and 54.8%, respectively. SS patients had a higher rate of complications in general ( P < 0.05), as well as a higher rate of severe complications in particular ( P < 0.05). Procedural mortality was 0% for both the groups. The mean overall length of hospitalization was 7.7 ± 9.6 days for PS and 20.6 ± 19.6 days for SS ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Primary percutaneous biliary stenting of malignant biliary obstructions is as efficacious and safer than a staged procedure with secondary stenting. By virtue of requiring shorter hospital stays, primary stenting is likely to be more cost-effective.
MRI enterography with divided dose oral preparation: Effect on bowel distension and diagnostic quality
Authors: Sinha Rakesh , Rawat Sudarshan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Aim: To assess the impact of an extended oral preparation magnetic resonance (MR) enterography protocol on bowel distension, timing of imaging, and the quality of diagnostic images. Materials and Methods: An analysis of 52 patients who underwent divided oral preparation and 39 patients who underwent standard preparation for MR enterography examination was done. Distension was assessed by measuring the transverse diameters of the jejunum, ileum, and the ileocecal region. Diagnostic quality of the examination was assessed subjectively by two radiologists and graded as poor, diagnostic, and excellent (Grades 1-3). Correlation between bowel diameter and diagnostic quality was assessed using regression analysis. Results: The mean diameters of the jejunum, ileum, and colon in patients who underwent divided preparation were 1.90 ± 0.47, 2.14 ± 0.41, and 4.27 ± 0.96 cm, respectively, and the mean diameters in patients who underwent standard preparation were 1.46 ± 0.47, 2.02 ± 0.47, and 4.45 ± 0.90 cm, respectively. A total of 96.6% of patients on divided dose had diagnostic distension of the bowel (Grades 2 and 3). A total of 87.9% of the patients on standard dose had diagnostic distension of the bowel (Grades 2 and 3). A greater number of patients who underwent divided preparation had diagnostic quality examinations compared to those given standard preparation (96.6% vs. 87.9%). A greater number of patients who underwent divided preparation had Grade 3 quality examinations compared to those on standard preparation (75.5% vs. 68.5%). There was significant difference between diagnostic (Grades 2 and 3) and optimal grades (Grade 3) of the jejunal diameters in patients having divided or standard preparation (89.7% vs. 66.6%, P < 0.05; 40.8% vs. 25%, P < 0.05, respectively). Linear regression showed a positive correlation between increasing bowel diameter and diagnostic grade of the examination (ρ = 0.76). Conclusion: Using an extended oral preparation with divided dose resulted in the majority of patients being scanned in a single visit to the MRI suite. Dividing the oral contrast into aliquots can promote uniform distension of the entire small bowel and provide better bowel distension and improve the diagnostic quality.
"Flow comp off": An easy technique to confirm CSF flow within syrinx and aqueduct
Authors: Sen Anitha 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFlow compensation, a gradient pulse used for artifact reduction, often used to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow artifacts in spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be switched off to make the CSF flow voids within syrinx (syringomyelia) and within aqueduct [normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)] more obvious (thus confirming CSF flow). It is a simple method which does not require much time or expertise.
Coping in a calamity: Radiology during the cloudburst at Leh
Authors: Sen Debraj 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe service hospital at Leh is a multispeciality hospital situated at an altitude of 11000 feet above mean sea level. On the nights of 4 and 5 Aug 2010, Leh was struck by a cloudburst leading to mudslides and consequently extensive damage to life and property. Being the only functional hospital, over a period of about 48 hours, 331 casualties were received. 549 casualties were received over the week with 108 admissions, 16 major surgeries and 138 minor surgeries. 178 radiographs, 17 CT scans and 09 ultrasound-colour Doppler examinations were performed on an urgent basis over 48 hours apart from the routine radiological investigations. Apart from chronicling the event, we hope that sharing the unique experience of the Radiology Department in dealing with the large influx of patients would provide an insight into the role of Radiology during the disaster and help in planning and developing management protocols during other calamities.
ZL-amenability Constants of Finite Groups with Two Character Degrees
Authors: Alaghmandan Mahmood , Choi Yemon , Samei Ebrahim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe calculate the exact amenability constant of the centre of ℓ1(G) when G is a finite group and is either dihedral, extraspecial, or Frobenius with abelian complement and kernel. This is done using a formula that applies to all finite groups with two character degrees. In passing, we answer in the negative a question raised in work of the third author with Azimifard and Spronk.
Detection of Cytokeratin-20-positive Cells in Preoperative and Postoperative Blood Samples from Colorectal Cancer Patients by Real-time RT-PCR
Authors: Šamija Ivan , Lukač Josip , Mubrin Mirjana Končar , Kirac Iva , Kovačević Dujo , Kusić Zvonko 
Published: June 2013

Background Detection of circulating cancer cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been studied as a prognostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) but so far with conflicting results regarding specificity and prognostic value. In this study cytokeratin-20 (CK20) was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR as a marker for circulating CRC cell detection and the influence of surgical tumor resection on the presence of circulating CRC cells was analyzed. Methods RNA was isolated from the mononuclear cell fraction of blood samples taken from 95 CRC patients before and after tumor resection and from 23 healthy volunteers and assayed by real-time RT-PCR for CK20 expression. Results Among 23 healthy volunteers one was positive for CK20. Among 95 CRC patients, 25 were positive for CK20 before and 23 after surgery. Sixteen patients positive before surgery became negative after surgery, while 14 patients negative before surgery became positive after surgery. An increase in the proportion of CK20-positive samples with increasing stage of disease was observed for preoperative but not postoperative blood samples. Conclusions Its association with clinical stage indicates that CK20 might have prognostic value as a marker for detection of circulating CRC cells. Surgical tumor resection can both reduce and induce the presence of circulating CRC cells.
S100P Predicts Prognosis and Drug Resistance in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ge Fulin , Wang Changzheng , Wang Weihua , Wu Benyan 
Published: June 2013

Purpose S100P has been shown to participate in processes of various human malignancies. In this study, we analyzed the tissue expression of S100P in gastric cancer and evaluated its significance. Methods We determined the S100P expression in 156 gastric cancer patients by quantitative RT-PCR. Tumor characteristics and overall survival (OS) for each patient were examined. In vitro experiments were conducted to examine whether ectopic expression of S100P modifies the proliferation and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells. Results Higher expression of S100P occurred in human gastric cancer tissues in comparison with normal controls. Highly expressed S100P in gastric cancer was correlated with TNM stage and prognosis. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high levels of S100P expression than in patients with low levels of expression. Ectopic expression of S100P was associated with an increase in tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance. Conclusion The expression of S100P in human gastric cancer tissues was upregulated in comparison with normal controls. By establishing an association between S100P expression and shortened OS, increase in proliferation and drug resistance, this study indicates that S100P may be a useful prognostic marker for gastric cancer patients.
Mead's Interpretation of Relativity Theory
Authors: Stone Jake E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article serves as an exegesis of George Herbert Mead's utilization of Einstein's relativity theory, a theory Mead utilized to support and develop his own theory of partially self-determining, perspectival agency. The article provides a brief conceptual explanation of relativity theory, outlines the key concepts Mead took from relativity theory, explains how Mead applied these concepts to his own philosophy, and attempts to evaluate the relevance of Mead's application of relativity theory to his philosophy as a whole. Mead sought to develop a unified perspectival ontology in which agentive perspectives were embedded within the fabric of a perspectival universe. This article argues that Mead did not succeed in achieving such a unified perspectival ontology. Nonetheless, many aspects of his argument remain relevant to current debates on self-determining human agency.
<b> O professor da Educação Especial e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de alunos com autismo</b>
Authors: Giardinetto Andréa R. dos S. Boettger , Lourenço Ana Carla , Capellini Vera Lucia M. Fialho 
Published: June 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X5833O presente trabalho tem como tema o autismo, e buscou verificar como ocorre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de alunos com autismo em uma escola de educação especial. O Autismo infantil é hoje classificado como um dos “Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento (TGD)” e é caracterizado por um comprometimento grave e global em diversas áreas do desenvolvimento, como nas habilidades de interação social recíproca, habilidades de comunicação e presença de estereotipias de comportamento, interesses e atividades. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a metodologia de ensino utilizada com crianças com autismo na educação especial e verificar em que aspectos essa metodologia auxilia no processo de ensino-aprendizagem desses alunos. Para tal, participaram da pesquisa uma professora especialista e três alunos com autismo de uma Escola de Educação Especial localizada no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas 19 observações de atividades realizadas pelos alunos com autismo em sala de aula e aplicada uma entrevista semi-estruturada à professora especialista. Os resultados demonstraram que a professora especialista não utiliza nenhuma metodologia de ensino específica para auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem desses alunos, apesar de existirem algumas metodologias específicas para crianças com autismo, que são empregadas em escolas de educação especial. Assim, verifica-se uma lacuna no processo de ensino por parte da professora e uma incerteza quanto ao processo de aprendizagem desses alunos com autismo, nessa instituição. Palavras-chave: Autismo, Educação Especial, Ensino.
Internal Cohesion and External Separation
Authors: Dubin David 
Published: June 2013

A 1962 ASLIB Symposium titled "Classification: an Interdisciplinary Problem," led to the foundation of a new society intended to "promote co-operation and interchange of views between those interested in the principles and practice of classification in a wide range of disciplines." A great deal of valuable classification research has been conducted during the 50 years since that symposium, but in 2012 classification research communities are isolated from each other, despite the interdisciplinary connections that were recognized in 1962. In the absence of dialogue across different research traditions, we miss opportunities for progress on some foundational research questions.
Physician Coping Styles and Emotional Exhaustion
Authors: Wallace Jean E. , Lemaire Jane 
Published: June 2013

This paper examines how different coping styles that physicians use relate to emotional exhaustion, the key defining dimension of burnout. Specifically, we examine the extent to which they use active problem solving techniques, seek support, disengage from the situation or use denial as a coping strategy. In addition, we also explore whether the coping styles are more or less effective depending on certain dispositional and/or situational factors. Two individual predispositions are examined in this study in terms of positive and negative affectivity, as optimism and pessimism are stable personality traits that have implications for how individuals view situations and respond to them. Four different sources of physician work stress are examined to reflect the situational factors: work overload, patient interactions, average weekly work hours at work, and average weekly work hours at home. We analyze survey data from 1,110 practising physicians in a single health region in Western Canada.
The overall pattern of results suggests that physicians’ individual dispositions are relevant to understanding the coping styles that they adopt. Physicians appear to use denial as a coping strategy when they experience work overload and difficult patient interactions. Furthermore, it is used by those with high negative affectivity. However, having a highly positive outlook appears to neutralize the harmful relationship between denial and emotional exhaustion. This supports the literature that argues that the effects of different coping styles may depend on the personality traits of who uses them. In addition, the harmful experiences related to stressful patient interactions are weakened for doctors who disengage or take a time out from the situation. This supports the literature that suggests that certain coping strategies may be more effective depending on the situation or type/source of stressor. Our findings suggest that certain coping strategies may be more effective depending on personality type and the type or source of stress encountered.
Flexibility at the Core: What Determines Employment of Part-Time Faculty in Academia
Authors: Liu Xiangmin , Zhang Liang 
Published: June 2013

In this study, we examine institutional predictors of part-time faculty employment in the higher education sector in the United States. We draw upon institutional and individual-level data to examine the variation in the intensity of part-time employment in faculty positions among a representative sample of higher education institutions. Institutional-level data are from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and individual-level data are from National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF). These data allow us to examine the impact of both economic factors and social environment on employment practices of colleges and universities. This analysis adds to the emerging literature on non-standard work arrangements in core organizational functions.
Our results suggest that the employment of part-time faculty is significantly associated with a set of organizational attributes and characteristics such as institutional type, sources of revenue, and part-time student enrolment. Private institutions, on average, have higher levels of part-time faculty than their public counterparts. The proportion of part-time students and the share of institutional revenues derived from tuition and fees are positively associated with part-time faculty employment. Faculty unions are positively related to the employment of part-time faculty. Finally, institutions that have limited resource slack and pay high salaries to their full-time faculty members tend to employ a high proportion of part-time faculty. These results support the arguments that higher educational institutions actively design and adopt contingent work arrangements to manage their resource dependence with constituencies and to reduce labour costs.
Notification of HIV status disclosure and its related factors in HIV‐infected adolescents in 2009 in the Aconda program (CePReF, CHU Yopougon) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, The PRADO‐CI Study
Authors: Meless Guanga David , Aka‐Dago‐Akribi Hortense , Cacou Chantal , François Eboua Tanoh , Edmond Aka Addi , Maxime Oga Aimé , Bouah Belinda , Eugène Messou , Moh Corinne , Arrivé Elise , Timité‐Konan Marguerite , Leroy Valériane ,   for the PRADO‐CI Study Group
Published: June 2013

IntroductionWe studied the frequency of documentation of disclosure of HIV status in medical charts and its correlates among HIV‐infected adolescents in 2009, in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.MethodsThe PRADO‐CI is a cross‐sectional study aimed at studying HIV‐infected adolescents’ social, psychological, and behavioural difficulties and their determinants in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. In this study, we present specific analyses on disclosure. All HIV‐infected adolescents aged 13–21 years and followed at least once in 2009 in two urban HIV‐care centres in Abidjan (Cepref and Yopougon Teaching Hospital) were enrolled in the study. Standardized data were extracted from medical records to document if there was notification of disclosure of HIV status in the medical record. Frequency of notification of HIV disclosure was estimated with its 95% confidence interval (CI) and correlates were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsIn 2009, 229 adolescents were included: 126 (55%) males; 93% on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 61% on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Their median age was 15 years at the time of the study. Among the 193 patients for whom information on HIV status disclosure was documented (84%), only 63 (32.6%; 95% CI=26.0–39.3%) were informed of their status. The proportion of adolescents informed increased significantly with age: 19% for 13–15 years, 33% for 16–18 years and 86% for 19–21 years (p <0.0001). Adolescents on ART tended to be more likely to be informed of their HIV status (34.5%) than those not treated (13.3%) (p=0.11). Those on cotrimoxazole were significantly more likely to be informed (39.6%) than those not (21.9%) (p=0.01). Disclosure was significantly higher in adolescents with a history of ART regimen change (p=0.003) and in those followed in the Cepref (48.4%) compared to the Yopougon Teaching Hospital (24.8%), (p=0.001). In multivariate analyses, disclosed HIV status was significantly higher in those followed‐up in the Cepref compared to the other centre: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.5 (95% CI: 1.1–10.9), and among older adolescents compared to those aged 13–15 years: [16–18 years] aOR=4.2 (95% CI: 1.5–11.5) and [>18 years]: aOR=22.1 (95% CI: 5.2–93.5).ConclusionsHIV disclosure rate was low among Ivoirian HIV adolescents and was site‐ and age‐dependent. There is a need for practical interventions to support HIV disclosure to adolescents which provides age‐appropriate information about the disease.