bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traveler’s idle time and the value chain at airports
Authors: Ucler Caglar , Martin-domingo Luis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere is a high growth in the air traffic supported by the global trade and tourism and due to airport congestion travelers are spending more time at airports, which are competing to attract airlines with lower aeronautical costs reducing their profitability. The growing transit time spent at airports together with the waiting time in front of check-in, passport, security control or baggage claim is an idle time of the air traveler, which is not generating any value. The perception of waiting is also mostly negative, that the associated airports are disliked, leading to loss of revenue in commercial offerings. Another problem is that due to the high variety in the customer profile, the shops at the airports need to carry a high inventory over a wide spectrum of items required, which is not creating any value as well. Thus in order to deliver a sustainable value chain at the airport, an innovative customer focused integrated approach is proposed herewith, based on a smart phone platform called Gate Ø, facilitating the idle times of the air traveler. This strategic approach is evaluated successfully within a value chain analysis showing up its potential across the value chain stakeholders
Stakeholders’ Awareness and Participation in Coastal Resource Management (CRM) in Villa Beach, Iloilo City, Philippines
Authors: Sarinas Brian Gil S. , Paragon Teresita A. 
Published: September 2015

Villa Beach is one of the tourist destinations in Iloilo City because of its rich culture such as Paraw Regatta and seafood delicacies. However, coastal resource management (CRM) seemed to be neglected among the locals of the beach as evidenced by poor waste management beneath the shore. Thus, this study was conducted. Specifically, this study delved into the awareness and participation of locals on CRM when classified according to zonation. Furthermore, a significant difference in the awareness and participation and relationship was sought. This study was conducted in January 2015. The respondents of this survey were the locals of Villa Beach from Zones 1 to 3 taken through stratified random sampling. All tests were set at .05 level of significance. The results showed that locals had “high” awareness and they abide by the laws on CRM. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the level of awareness and participation on CRM in terms of zonation. Finally, there was a significant relationship in the awareness and participation of locals on the CRM. It is recommended that the locals and the local government should cooperate one another to manage the coastal resources of the beach from environmental degradation due to anthropogenic activities. The local government unit (LGU) should create a monitoring procedure in terms of the participation of the locals of Villa beach in coastal resource management. Keywords- Coast, coastal resources, coastal resource management (CRM), Villa Beach, Iloilo City, Philippines
Environmentally-Directed Organizational Citizenship Behavior of the Municipal Government Officials in Cebu
Authors: Asis- Dimpas Gelena , Sy Maria Victoria Uy , Ferrater-Gimena Judy Ann Ong 
Published: September 2015

The greening of organizations is not only confined to the creation of formal management systems, activities or technologies. Over the years, environmentalists have learned that various stakeholders of an organization utilize discretionary approaches to understand the interaction between humans and the environment (Lehman et al., 2004). The discretionary approach is known as environmentally-directed organizational citizenship behavior (OCBE) which focuses on the voluntary green initiatives done by employees within the organizational setting (Daily, Bishop, & Govindarajulu,2009). This study aimed to identify the environmentally directed organizational citizenship deeds observed and practiced by fifteen selected municipalities in Cebu, Philippines. The results revealed that OCBE deeds relative to environmental concerns, organizational commitment, supervisory support for environmental efforts and perceived social performance of the local government units were the most common behaviors exhibited by the local officials and their staff. Another objective of the paper was to determine the extent of demonstration of the identified OCBE deeds among the department heads and staff of the fifteen (15) municipalities involved in the study. The findings showed that the identified OCBE deeds were demonstrated by the municipal government officials and staff to a very great extent. Quantitative data were taken from the survey conducted among one hundred forty respondents comprising of local government officials and their staff from fifteen municipalities in Cebu, Philippines. The purposive sampling method was employed in choosing the sample respondents. The municipalities involved in the study were the top fifteen (15) performing local government units who participated in the E – GWEN program of the province. The list of the municipalities was provided by the Office of the Vice Governor of Cebu in conjunction with a non – government organization who is a partner of the province in the concretization of the E-GWEN undertaking. This study serves to contribute to the scarce extant literature on the pertinence of OCBE in improving the efficiency and efficacy of environmental management from the perspective of the public sector. Keywords - Environmentally-directed citizenship behavior, pro-environmental behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, environmental conservation efforts, organizational commitment
Extent, Methods and Determining Factors of Pesticide Application in Irrigated Rice Areas of the Philippines
Authors: Magahud Jehru C. , Dimaano Niña Gracel B. 
Published: September 2015

Information about pesticide application is relevant in assessing the risks of farmers’ exposure to pesticides and in crafting measures toward reduced pesticide use. A study was then conducted to assess the extent and frequency of application, and active ingredients of pesticides in thirty irrigated rice areas of the Philippines. The study was also done to determine factors that affect pesticide application relative to farmers’ perceptions, management practices, and the farms’ agroclimatic characteristics. A questionnaire was used to survey farmers’ application of chemicals against birds, rats, golden apple snails (GAS), weeds, and fungal diseases. Most farmers did not apply pesticides to reduce perceived bird and rat damages in their rice farms because they preferred non-chemical means of control. Most farmers applied chemicals to manage GAS and weeds that damaged or competed with rice. Molluscicide application was more frequent in Bicol sites with climate and soil characteristics that favor ponding of water. Frequency of herbicide application can be attributed to the direct seeding method of crop establishment. Most farmers did not encounter fungal diseases. Most widely used active ingredients are butachlor, niclosamide, and methaldehyde, which are slightly hazardous, unlikely to cause hazards, and moderately hazardous, respectively. This study suggests that molluscicide and herbicide applications are very common among Filipino farmers, which can be harmful to their health. Keywords - Environmental Toxicology, pesticides, birds, rats, golden apple snails, weeds, irrigated rice, descriptive design, Philippines
Mangrove Ecosystems and Associated Fauna with Special Reference to Mangrove Crabs in the Philippines: A Review
Authors: Cuenca Ginalyn C. , Macusi Edison D. , Abreo Neil Angelo S. , Ranara Cyril Tom , Andam Michael B. , Cardona Lemuel C. , Conserva Grace G. 
Published: September 2015

Mangrove ecosystems are very important because of its many ecological and economic functions. It provides food, shelter, and protection to a myriad of organisms and maintains connectivity with other coastal ecosystems. It holds diverse forms of both floral and faunal associations, which are used by humans for different purposes. This review discusses the physiognomy, ethnobiology, composition of mangrove ecosystems with emphasis on associated fauna and mangrove crabs, fish production, and the human threats that can alter the stability of mangrove ecosystems. Different journal articles, books, manuals, and other online sources from both local and international sources were used to discuss the review. Mangrove ecosystems were found to be occurring in tropical and subtropical areas and are distributed horizontally in estuarine and vertically in intertidal zones due to a number of environmental and biotic factors. The ecosystem is composed of diverse associations of communities of both floral and faunal groups. Many of these associated fauna are benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes, a number of which are sourced as fish products. Fisheries are the topmost economic use of mangrove ecosystems. Fish products harvested include mud crabs, shrimps, mollusks, and fishes. The continued growth of human population and the industrialization of fishing exceeded our sustainable use of waters leading to the declining fish landings. Such event gave rise to aquaculture, which has become the main cause of diminishing mangrove ecosystems. Other human threats to mangrove ecosystems include mining, overexploitation for economic services, and urban development. Along with mangrove decline is the ecosystem’s susceptibility to climate change particularly on the rising sea level. This indicates a higher risk to flooding, tsunamis, cyclones, and storm surges. Hence, protection, conservation, rehabilitation and restoration of mangrove ecosystems, and its sustainable use are essential. Eco-friendly aquaculture must also be implemented. Keywords - Mangrove, fauna, flora, mud crab, aquaculture, fisheries, literature review, Philippines
Nutrient Enrichment, Sedimentation, Heavy Metals and Plastic Pollution in the Marine Environment and its Implications on Philippine Marine Biodiversity: A Review
Authors: Abreo Neil Angelo S. , Macusi Edison D. , Cuenca Ginalyn C. , Ranara Cyril Tom B. , Andam Michael B. , Cardona Lemuel C. , Arabejo Glio Florgiley P. 
Published: September 2015

Marine biodiversity plays a vital role in ecosystem resilience and stability against climate change and alien species invasions, among others. This also plays a role in the provision of ecosystem services and functions that benefits humans. However due to anthropogenic activities and population increase, marine biodiversity have been affected most. We conducted a review using open-sourced journals on the effects of nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, heavy metals and plastic pollution in the marine environment and its implications on marine biodiversity. Lethal and sub-lethal effects were observed in different organisms that could affect marine biodiversity directly or indirectly. Direct effects include mortality of organisms while indirect effects include habitat degradation or alteration, a simplified food web, increase alien species invasion and reduced fitness of organisms. Human land use change, coastal construction activities, untreated sewage discharges, pesticides, mine tailings, uncollected, unsegregated and improperly dumped garbages and unabated garbage dumping at sea have been found to negatively influence marine biodiversity. In the Philippines, very few studies have been conducted with regards to marine pollution, especially on marine plastic debris, and even fewer studies have been made that tackles the effect of these stressors at an ecosystem level. Furthermore, this review has identified direct and indirect effects of pollution stressors on marine organisms which include: mortality and reduced fitness, vulnerability to disease or sickness,-habitat degradation, and food web simplification. Keywords - Ecology, nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, plastic, biodiversity, literature review, pollution, Philippines
Interactive design of experiments: A priori global versus sequential optimization, revised under changing states of knowledge
Authors: Geiges A. , Rubin Y. , Nowak W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPredicting hydro(geo)logical or environmental systems is subject to high levels of uncertainties, especially if appropriate data for model calibration are lacking. For subsurface systems, where data acquisition is cost intensive and time demanding, it is especially important to collect only those data that provide the largest amount of relevant information. The high expenses call for optimal experimental design, which is widely recognized for maximizing the efficiency of experiments. In model‐based design of experiments, the analysis of the design efficiency and the resulting optimal design are based on the initial state of knowledge about the modeled system. Joint optimization of multimeasurement designs is a well‐known challenge, and the usefulness of global optimization approaches is widely recognized in this context. However, we will show that the benefit for such global optimization becomes questionable when measurement data become available sequentially. Instead, the optimization effort should be invested within an interactive design approach. Today's fast telecommunication, global connectivity, and high‐performance computing allow to consider such interactive coupling. This study will use a synthetic case study to compare the standard en‐bloc global optimization approach to two interactive design approaches. The approaches are implemented in a Bayesian framework and are compared based on their complexity and overall performance. The key conclusion confirms a previously untested presumption: for models that trigger nonlinear parameter inference problems, interaction (which may come at a loss of global optimization) is more beneficial than global optimization based on the initial state of knowledge (which typically implies the impossibility of interactivity).
Using noble gas tracers to constrain a groundwater flow model with recharge elevations: A novel approach for mountainous terrain
Authors: Doyle Jessica M. , Gleeson Tom , Manning Andrew H. , Mayer K. Ulrich 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEnvironmental tracers provide information on groundwater age, recharge conditions, and flow processes which can be helpful for evaluating groundwater sustainability and vulnerability. Dissolved noble gas data have proven particularly useful in mountainous terrain because they can be used to determine recharge elevation. However, tracer‐derived recharge elevations have not been utilized as calibration targets for numerical groundwater flow models. Herein, we constrain and calibrate a regional groundwater flow model with noble‐gas‐derived recharge elevations for the first time. Tritium and noble gas tracer results improved the site conceptual model by identifying a previously uncertain contribution of mountain block recharge from the Coast Mountains to an alluvial coastal aquifer in humid southwestern British Columbia. The revised conceptual model was integrated into a three‐dimensional numerical groundwater flow model and calibrated to hydraulic head data in addition to recharge elevations estimated from noble gas recharge temperatures. Recharge elevations proved to be imperative for constraining hydraulic conductivity, recharge location, and bedrock geometry, and thus minimizing model nonuniqueness. Results indicate that 45% of recharge to the aquifer is mountain block recharge. A similar match between measured and modeled heads was achieved in a second numerical model that excludes the mountain block (no mountain block recharge), demonstrating that hydraulic head data alone are incapable of quantifying mountain block recharge. This result has significant implications for understanding and managing source water protection in recharge areas, potential effects of climate change, the overall water budget, and ultimately ensuring groundwater sustainability.
Evidence of an emerging levee failure mechanism causing disastrous floods in Italy
Authors: Orlandini Stefano , Moretti Giovanni , Albertson John D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA levee failure occurred along the Secchia River, Northern Italy, on 19 January 2014, resulting in flood damage in excess of $500 million. In response to this failure, immediate surveillance of other levees in the region led to the identification of a second breach developing on the neighboring Panaro River, where rapid mitigation efforts were successful in averting a full levee failure. The paired breach events that occurred along the Secchia and Panaro Rivers provided an excellent window on an emerging levee failure mechanism. In the Secchia River, by combining the information content of photographs taken from helicopters in the early stage of breach development and 10 cm resolution aerial photographs taken in 2010 and 2012, animal burrows were found to exist in the precise levee location where the breach originated. In the Panaro River, internal erosion was observed to occur at a location where a crested porcupine den was known to exist and this erosion led to the collapse of the levee top. This paper uses detailed numerical modeling of rainfall, river flow, and variably saturated flow in the levee to explore the hydraulic and geotechnical mechanisms that were triggered along the Secchia and Panaro Rivers by activities of burrowing animals leading to levee failures. As habitats become more fragmented and constrained along river corridors, it is possible that this failure mechanism could become more prevalent and, therefore, will demand greater attention in both the design and maintenance of earthen hydraulic structures as well as in wildlife management.
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
Authors: Köhn Hans‐Friedrich , Hubert Lawrence J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHierarchicalcluster analysisrefers to a collection of methods that seek to construct a hierarchically arranged sequence of partitions for some given object set. Typically, the methods produce a hierarchy based on some proximity measure defined for every pair of objects. The common agglomerative methods for producing partition hierarchies are discussed along with the characterizing notion of an ultrametric. The hierarchical clustering task is then redefined as one of finding a least‐squares approximation to the proximity measure by an ultrametric structure. A generalization of the ultrametric condition, and thus of hierarchical clustering, is to an additive tree; again, a least‐squares approximation to the proximity measure is sought but now by a structure that satisfies the more general additive tree inequality. Finally, a discussion is given as to how an additive tree explicitly generalizes an ultrametric by being nonuniquely decomposable by an ultrametric plus what might be called a centroid metric.
Röntgenkristallographie an Materialien mit offenen Gerüsten
Authors: Bloch Witold M. , Champness Neil R. , Doonan Christian J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMaterialien mit offenen Gerüsten wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeiten zur Gasspeicherung und ‐trennung umfassend untersucht, doch ihre hochkristalline Struktur kann auch genutzt werden, um Gastmoleküle und nicht zur Struktur gehörende Atome (nichtstrukturelle Atome) periodisch anzuordnen. Somit kann ein solches offenes Gerüst als Matrix zur Isolierung dieser Einheiten und zur Aufklärung ihrer Struktur durch Röntgenbeugung dienen. Diese Analysenmethode könnte hilfreich sein, wenn die Herstellung eines Einkristalls problematisch ist oder um Einblick in reaktive Verbindungen zu gewinnen, die im porösen Gitter stabilisiert werden können. Allerdings hat die Methode Grenzen, und bisher wurde keine allgemeingültige experimentelle Vorgehensweise entwickelt. Im Folgenden werden Beispiele vorgestellt, in denen Gerüstmaterialien verwendet wurden, um Moleküle für die Analyse durch Röntgenbeugung anzuordnen, und mögliche künftige Anwendungen diskutiert.
Simultaneous interaction between similar and dissimilar structures of aromatic sulfur and aromatic nitrogen compounds with imidazolium‐based ionic liquid using quantum chemical method
Authors: Ramalingam Anantharaj , Jewaratnam Jegalakshimi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMolecular structure, interaction energy, orbital energy, partial charges, and molecular properties of the complex system of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([EMIM][EtSo4]) + similar or dissimilar structure of thiophene/benzothiophene/dibenzothiophene/pyrrole/indole/indoline/carbazole/benzacarbazole/pyridine/quinoline/benzoquinoline were predicted using quantum chemical method with 6‐31G* basis set. Subsequently, the sigma profile was generated for the similar molecules in the system in order to explain the cause of solvent selectivity and capacity for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of liquid fuels. Furthermore, the activity coefficients at infinite dilution of similar or dissimilar structure of compounds in [EMIM][EtSo4] were predicted using quantum chemical method to understand the chemical behavior of [EMIM][EtSo4] with similar or dissimilar structure of the molecules in the complex system. On the other hand, the solvent selection parameters such as selectivity, capacity, and performance index were calculated from the predicted activity coefficient at infinite dilution for all the studied species. The solvent selection parameters showed high values for low order of aromatic ring compounds (i.e. pyrrole, indole, indoline, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, and thiophene) but gave low values for high order of aromatic compounds like benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzacarbazole, and benzoquinoline. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of borate amount on the swelling and rheological properties of the Scleroglucan/borax system
Authors: Coviello Tommasina , Margheritelli Silvia , Matricardi Pietro , Di Meo Chiara , Cerreto Felice , Alhaique Franco , Abrami Michela , Grassi Mario 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTScleroglucan is a fungal polysaccharide that, when dispersed in water, assumes a very stable triple helix structure. It has numerous industrial applications in different fields, such as food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. In the presence of borate ions, this polymer forms weak gels that, after freeze‐drying and compaction, show an anisotropic swelling behavior, related to the borate/polymer ratio. By monitoring the evolution of the elastic and viscous moduli it was possible to follow the gel formation kinetics. The rheological properties of the network were studied as a function of crosslinking agent concentration and the corresponding flow curves and mechanical spectra were recorded. The kinetics of the crosslinking reaction was monitored by following the time evolution of the storage and loss moduli, after the addition of borate ions to the Scleroglucan system. Creep‐recovery experiments allowed acquiring recoverable strain values and those of the critical stress above which a very high compliance of the sample is reached. Obtained results are to be related to the specific type of bonds between the polysaccharide chains and the crosslinking agent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42860.