bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maturation of Innate Responses to Mycobacteria over the First Nine Months of Life
Authors: Shey Muki S. , Nemes Elisa , Whatney Wendy , de Kock Marwou , Africa Hadn , Barnard Charlene , van Rooyen Michele , Stone Lynnett , Riou Catherine , Kollmann Tobias , Hawn Thomas R. , Scriba Thomas J. , Hanekom Willem A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Newborns and young infants are particularly susceptible to infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, immunogenicity of vaccines against tuberculosis and other infectious diseases appears suboptimal early in life compared with later in life. We hypothesized that developmental changes in innate immunity would underlie these observations. To determine the evolution of innate responses to mycobacteria early in life, whole blood or PBMC from newborns, as well as 10- and 36-wk-old infants, was incubated with viable Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin or TLR ligands. Innate cell expression of cytokines and maturation markers was assessed, as well as activation of the proinflammatory NF-κB– and MAPK-signaling pathways. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin–induced production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 increased from the newborn period to 9 mo of age in monocytes but not in myeloid dendritic cells. No changes in production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were observed. CD40 expression increased with age in both cell populations. Older infants displayed substantial activation of all three signal transduction molecules: degradation of NF-κB inhibitor IκBα and phosphorylation of MAPK Erk and p38 upon TLR1/2 triggering, compared with predominant activation of only one of any of these molecules in newborns. Maturation of innate proinflammatory responses during the first 9 mo of life may underlie more effective control of mycobacteria and other pathogens observed later in infancy and age-related differential induction of Th1 responses by vaccination.
Cerebral encephalopathy with extrapontine myelinolysis in a case of postpartum hypernatremia
Authors: Bhatia Sonia , Kapoor Abhay Kumar , Sharma Anurag , Gupta Rajiv , Kataria Sushila 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExtrapontine myelinolysis, a fairly common metabolic disorder, is associated with neurological complications. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis are commonly recognized with rapid correction of sodium. Myelinolysis, however, has rarely been described with hypernatremia. We report a rare case of post-partum hypernatremic encephalopathy associated with serum sodium levels as high as 200 mEq/l on presentation. Although the serum sodium levels were brought down gradually, subsequent imaging showed progression of demyelination and deterioration of the neurological status.
Missed intranasal wooden foreign bodies on computed tomography
Authors: Prabhu Shailesh M , Irodi Aparna , George Phiji Philip , Sundaresan Rajan , VK Anand 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report a case of post traumatic impacted intranasal wooden foreign body in a 16 year old boy, which was undetected on Computed Tomography in the acute stage. Intranasal wooden foreign body may be missed on CT in the acute stage because of apparent air attenuation of the foreign body and lack of contrast with the surrounding intranasal air. Radiologists need to be aware of the CT imaging appearances of wood in various stages for early detection and management.
Pseudomalignant myositis ossificans involving multiple masticatory muscles: Imaging evaluation
Authors: Kamalapur Muralidhar G , Patil Pritam B , Joshi Shyamsundar , Shastri Dinesh 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMyositis ossificans is a rare cause of trismus. We present a case of pseudomalignant myositis ossificans involving medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and temporalis muscles. Patient presented with gross limitation in mouth opening. There was no history of trauma. Computed tomography (CT) images revealed a bone density mass located in the region of medial and lateral pterygoid muscles on the right and temporalis muscle on the left. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed similar findings. Radiological diagnosis was pseudomalignant myositis ossificans. The masses were resected and histopathologic examination confirmed the above diagnosis. This report describes the characteristic CT and MRI features. The unique feature of this case is the absence of history of trauma with involvement of multiple masticatory muscles, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported before.
Utility of C-arm CT in overcoming challenges in patients undergoing Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kulkarni Chinmay , Sreekumar P K , Prabhu Nirmal Kumar , kannan Rajesh R , Moorthy Srikanth 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the well-known treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Multiple digital subtraction angiography (DSA) acquisitions in different projections are required to identify difficult arterial feeders. Moreover, the tell-tale tumor blush can be obscured by proximity to lung base, small size of lesion, and breathing artifacts. C-arm CT is a revolutionary advancement in the intervention radiology suite that allows acquisition of data which can be reformatted in multiple planes and volume rendered incorporating both soft tissue and vascular information like multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). These images acquired during the TACE procedure can provide critical inputs for achieving a safe and effective therapy. This case series aims to illustrate the utility of C-arm CT in solving specific problems encountered while performing TACE.
A percepção das mães sobre a volição de crianças com paralisia cerebral para o engajamento em ocupações do cotidiano infantil
Authors: Oliveira Alyne Kalyane Câmara de , Emmel Maria Luísa Guillaumon 
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X9325 Volição, como a vontade em se envolver/realizar atividades cotidianas, é considerada pré-requisito do fazer humano. Nas crianças com necessidades especiais, como as com paralisia cerebral (PC) que experimentam déficits no controle sensório-motor e músculo-esquelético, a volição pode atuar como característica influente para o seu engajamento em ocupações. A família é uma importante mediadora no processo volicional infantil, contudo, faltam investigações sobre sua influência na volição de crianças com necessidades especiais. Objetivou-se identificar como as mães percebem e lidam com a volição da criança com PC para realizarem atividades do cotidiano nas áreas escolar, brincar e autocuidado. Participaram 6 mães de crianças com PC, entre 6 e 9 anos, níveis I e IV do GMFCS, em uma unidade saúde-escola do interior Paulista, as quais responderam uma entrevista semiestruturada, baseada no The Volitional Questionary. A partir da análise de conteúdo, emergiram 3 eixos temáticos: a) percepção das mães sobre a volição das crianças; b) percepção das mães sobre o seu papel no processo volicional das crianças e c) estratégias utilizadas pelas mães para incentivar as crianças a desenvolverem a volição. Resultados mostraram que as mães percebem a relação volição da criança versus envolvimento nas atividades e a importância delas na volição infantil para atividades que julgam relevantes, principalmente as escolares formais e do autocuidado, com menor consideração para as do brincar. Essas mães buscam implementar formas de incentivo, mas revelaram conhecimento limitado sobre estratégias de estimulação da volição, mostrando a necessidade de investimentos de educação em saúde para a orientação desses familiares.
Alfvén waves as a possible source of long‐duration, large‐amplitude, and geoeffective southward IMF
Authors: Zhang X.‐Y. , Moldwin M. B. , Steinberg J. T. , Skoug R. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe southward component (Bs) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is a strong driver of geomagnetic activity. Well‐defined solar wind structures such as magnetic clouds and corotating interaction regions are the main sources of long‐duration, large‐amplitude IMF Bs. Here we analyze IMF Bsevents (t> 1 h, Bz<−5nT) unrelated with any well‐defined solar wind structure at 1 AU using ACE spacecraft observations from 1998 to 2004. We find that about one third of these Bs events show Alfvénic wave features; therefore, those Alfvén waves in the solar wind are also an important source of long‐duration, large‐amplitude IMF southward component. We find that more than half of the Alfvén wave (AW)‐related Bs events occur in slow solar wind (Vsw < 400 km/s). One third of the AW‐type Bsevents triggered geomagnetic storms, and half triggered substorms.
Developing a consistent process‐based conceptualization of catchment functioning using measurements of internal state variables
Authors: Birkel Christian , Soulsby Chris , Tetzlaff Dörthe 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe use isotope data in addition to discharge and groundwater level data to conceptualize the internal processes of runoff generation and tracer transport in a low parameter coupled flow‐tracer model that could predict the runoff response and isotopic composition of an upland stream. We used sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of these data on model calibration in terms of parameter identifiability and the model's ability to predict the stream's runoff response, isotopic composition and water age. The results showed that the incorporation of tracer data in particular, clearly increased parameter identifiability and improved the predictive power of models for simulating both streamflow and isotopes. This also resulted in a more consistent process‐based conceptualization of catchment functioning. We could also show that using models as learning tools can guide sampling campaigns toward measurements with increased information content for further modeling. We conclude that this is a promising approach for assessing dominant processes in coupled flow‐tracer models. This is of value when such models are being used to test hypotheses about the hydrological functioning of catchments, particularly in relation to pollutant transfers.
Linking climate projections to performance: A yield‐based decision scaling assessment of a large urban water resources system
Authors: Turner Sean W. D. , Marlow David , Ekström Marie , Rhodes Bruce G. , Kularathna Udaya , Jeffrey Paul J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite a decade of research into climate change impacts on water resources, the scientific community has delivered relatively few practical methodological developments for integrating uncertainty into water resources system design. This paper presents an application of the “decision scaling” methodology for assessing climate change impacts on water resources system performance and asks how such an approach might inform planning decisions. The decision scaling method reverses the conventional ethos of climate impact assessment by first establishing the climate conditions that would compel planners to intervene. Climate model projections are introduced at the end of the process to characterize climate risk in such a way that avoids the process of propagating those projections through hydrological models. Here we simulated 1000 multisite synthetic monthly streamflow traces in a model of the Melbourne bulk supply system to test the sensitivity of system performance to variations in streamflow statistics. An empirical relation was derived to convert decision‐critical flow statistics to climatic units, against which 138 alternative climate projections were plotted and compared. We defined the decision threshold in terms of a system yield metric constrained by multiple performance criteria. Our approach allows for fast and simple incorporation of demand forecast uncertainty and demonstrates the reach of the decision scaling method through successful execution in a large and complex water resources system. Scope for wider application in urban water resources planning is discussed.
Large volume submarine ignimbrites in the Shikoku Basin: An example for explosive volcanism in the Western Pacific during the Late Miocene
Authors: Kutterolf Steffen , Schindlbeck Julie C. , Scudder Rachel P. , Murray Richard W. , Pickering Kevin T. , Freundt Armin , Labanieh Shasa , Heydolph Ken , Saito Sanny , Naruse Hajime , Underwood Michael B. , Wu Huaichun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDuring IODP Expedition 322, an interval of Late Miocene (7.6 to ∼9.1 Ma) tuffaceous and volcaniclastic sandstones was discovered in the Shikoku Basin (Site C0011B), Nankai region. This interval consists of bioturbated silty claystone including four 1–7 m thick interbeds of tuffaceous sandstones (TST) containing 57–82% (by volume) pyroclasts. We use major and trace element glass compositions, as well as radiogenic isotope compositions, to show that the tuffaceous sandstones beds derived from single eruptive events, and that the majority (TST 1, 2, 3a) came from different eruptions from a similar source region, which we have identified to be the Japanese mainland, 350 km away. In particular, diagnostic trace element ratios (e.g., Th/La, Sm/La, Rb/Hf, Th/Nb, and U/Th) and isotopic data indicate a marked contribution from a mantle source beneath continental crust, which is most consistent with a Japanese mainland source and likely excludes the Izu‐Bonin island arc and back arc as a source region for the younger TST beds. Nevertheless, some of the chemical data measured on the oldest sandstone bed (TST 3b, Unit IIb) show affinity to or can clearly be attributed to an Izu‐Bonin composition. While we cannot completely exclude the possibility that all TST beds derived from unknown and exotic Izu‐Bonin source(s), the collected lines of evidence are most consistent with an origin from the paleo‐Honshu arc for TST 1 through 3a. We therefore suggest the former collision zone between the Izu‐Bonin arc and Honshu paleo‐arc as the most likely region where the eruptive products entered the ocean, also concurrent with nearby (∼200 km) possible Miocene source areas for the tuffaceous sandstones at the paleo‐NE‐Honshu arc. Estimating the distribution area of the tuffaceous sandstones in the Miocene between this source region and the ∼350 km distant Expedition 322, using bathymetric constraints, we calculate that the sandstone beds represent minimum erupted magma volumes between ∼1 and 17 km3 (Dense Rock Equivalent (DRE)). We conclude that several large volume eruptions occurred during the Late Miocene time next to the collision zone of paleo‐Honshu and Izu‐Bonin arc and covered the entire Philippine Sea plate with meter thick, sheet‐like pyroclastic deposits that are now subducted in the Nankai subduction zone.
Soil as a natural rain gauge: Estimating global rainfall from satellite soil moisture data
Authors: Brocca Luca , Ciabatta Luca , Massari Christian , Moramarco Tommaso , Hahn Sebastian , Hasenauer Stefan , Kidd Richard , Dorigo Wouter , Wagner Wolfgang , Levizzani Vincenzo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMeasuring precipitation intensity is not straightforward; and over many areas, ground observations are lacking and satellite observations are used to fill this gap. The most common way of retrieving rainfall is by addressing the problem “top‐down” by inverting the atmospheric signals reflected or radiated by atmospheric hydrometeors. However, most applications are interested in how much water reaches the ground, a problem that is notoriously difficult to solve from a top‐down perspective. In this study, a novel “bottom‐up” approach is proposed that, by doing “hydrology backward,” uses variations in soil moisture (SM) sensed by microwave satellite sensors to infer preceding rainfall amounts. In other words, the soil is used as a natural rain gauge. Three different satellite SM data sets from the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR‐E), and the Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis are used to obtain three new daily global rainfall products. The “First Guess Daily” product of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) is employed as main benchmark in the validation period 2010–2011 for determining the continuous and categorical performance of the SM‐derived rainfall products by considering the 5 day accumulated values. The real‐time version of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis product, i.e., the TRMM‐3B42RT, is adopted as a state‐of‐the‐art satellite rainfall product. The SM‐derived rainfall products show good Pearson correlation values (R) with the GPCC data set, mainly in areas where SM retrievals are found to be accurate. The global median R values (in the latitude band ±50°) are equal to 0.54, 0.28, and 0.31 for ASCAT‐, AMSR‐E‐, and SMOS‐derived products, respectively. For comparison, the median R for the TRMM‐3B42RT product is equal to 0.53. Interestingly, the SM‐derived products are found to outperform TRMM‐3B42RT in terms of average global root‐mean‐square error statistics and in terms of detection of rainfall events. The regions for which the SM‐derived products perform very well are Australia, Spain, South and North Africa, India, China, the Eastern part of South America, and the central part of the United States. The SM‐derived products are found to estimate accurately the rainfall accumulated over a 5 day period, an aspect particularly important for their use for hydrological applications, and that address the difficulties of estimating light rainfall from TRMM‐3B42RT.
An Efficient Palladium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst Allowing the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Arylboronic Acids at Room Temperature in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe application of a highly active Pd‐NHC catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of a broad variety of electronically activated and deactivated aryl chlorides with different arylboronic acids in excellent yields is described. This catalyst can be handled under aerobic conditions, is active with low catalyst loadings at room temperature and in an aqueous reaction medium and allows the application of cheap potassium carbonate as the base.magnified image
One‐Pot Tandem Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling and CH Activation Route to Thienoisoquinolines
Authors: Chen Fei , Wong Nicholas W. Y. , Forgione Pat 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo experimental approaches to the synthesis of a scarcely reported biologically active thienoisoquinoline system are demonstrated. A 5‐step linear synthesis employing a palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative cross‐coupling and functionalization sequence allowed for the preparation of a diverse range of substituted thienoisoquinoline systems. Alternatively the palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative cross‐coupling and CH activation steps can be telescoped to produce a one‐pot reaction sequence that provides efficient access to aryl‐substituted thienoisoquinolines.magnified image
An Efficient Rhodium/Oxygen Catalytic System for Oxidative Heck Reaction of Indoles and Alkenes via CH Functionalization
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Guoying , Huang Hanmin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed direct selective C‐2 alkenylation reaction of indoles with alkenes has been developed with molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. The rhodium/oxygen catalytic system is applicable to a broad range of indoles and alkenes, which provides a novel access to various C‐2 alkenylated indoles and pyrroles.magnified image
Total Synthesis of Capsaicin Analogues from Lignin‐Derived Compounds by Combined Heterogeneous Metal, Organocatalytic and Enzymatic Cascades in One Pot
Authors: Anderson Mattias , Afewerki Samson , Berglund Per , Córdova Armando 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe total synthesis of capsaicin analogues was performed in one pot, starting from compounds that can be derived from lignin. Heterogeneous palladium nanoparticles were used to oxidise alcohols to aldehydes, which were further converted to amines by an enzyme cascade system, including an amine transaminase. It was shown that the palladium catalyst and the enzyme cascade system could be successfully combined in the same pot for conversion of alcohols to amines without any purification of intermediates. The intermediate vanillylamine, prepared with the enzyme cascade system, could be further converted to capsaicin analogues without any purification using either fatty acids and a lipase, or Schotten–Baumann conditions, in the same pot. An aldol compound (a simple lignin model) could also be used as starting material for the synthesis of capsaicin analogues. Using L‐alanine as organocatalyst, vanillin could be obtained by a retro‐aldol reaction. This could be combined with the enzyme cascade system to convert the aldol compound to vanillylamine in a one‐step one‐pot reaction.magnified image
Palladium Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Direct Ethynylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives via C(sp3)H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Al‐Amin Mohammad , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Shuto Satoshi , Ano Yusuke , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe have developed a sulfur‐modified, gold‐supported palladium material (SAuPd) with palladium, Pd, nanoparticles on its surface; it is a recyclable, low‐leaching Pd catalyst. Here we report, using SAuPd, the first example of Pd nanoparticle‐catalyzed, unactivated C(sp3)H bond functionalization of amides, using 8‐aminoquinoline as a directing group, to yield ethynylated products. The low leaching properties of SAuPd enabled it to be recycled and reused 10 times for C(sp3)H bond functionalization.magnified image
Chiral Octahedral Complexes of Cobalt(III) as “Organic Catalysts in Disguise” for the Asymmetric Addition of a Glycine Schiff Base Ester to Activated Olefins
Authors: Maleev Victor I. , North Michael , Larionov Vladimir A. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Savel'yeva Tatyana F. , Moscalenko Margarita A. , Smolyakov Alexander F. , Belokon Yuri N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStereochemically inert and positively charged chiral complexes of cobalt(III) prepared from Schiff bases derived from chiral diamines and salicylaldehydes were shown to be efficient catalysts of the benchmark asymmetric phase‐transfer Michael addition of nine activated olefins to O’Donnell’s substrate. The reaction products had enantiomeric purities of up to 96%. DFT calculations were invoked to rationalize the stereochemistry of the addition.magnified image
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones through Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Yao Weijun , Wang Tianli , Tan Yong Ren , Yan Ziyu , Kwiatkowski Jacek , Lu Yixin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of spiropyrazolones from allenoate‐derived MBH acetates and pyrazolones through a phosphine‐mediated [4+1] annulation process has been developed. Spiropyrazolones were readily prepared in good chemical yields and good to high enantioselectivities. This is the first asymmetric example in which α‐substituted allenoates were utilized as a C4 synthon for phosphine‐catalyzed [4+1] annulation.