bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Education Classes with the Schoolgirls of Biała Podlaska Schools
Authors: Bergier Barbara , Flisiak Agata , Flisiak Magdalena 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Introduction
. The neglect of the needs and potential of the schoolgirls and the dismissive attitude of the teachers towards the pupils and the PE classes are the main causes of the schoolgirls' reluctance to attend the classes and also their lack of propensity towards physical activity in general. Studies of child and youth opinions towards the PE classes show that a number of factors are to be taken into account. The aim of the paper was to ascertain the opinions of the survey participants towards the realized and model PE class and also to ascertain effective ways of pursuing the PE curricula for girls. The article reveals factors discouraging the schoolgirls and reducing their expectations as far as PE classes are concerned.
Material and methods
. The material for the study were 314 schoolgirls and 51 teachers from Biała Podlaska elementary, middle and high schools. The paper was based on the study conducted with analysis of a questionnaire form and a survey. The survey was conducted in April, 2011.
Results
. The information obtained from the questionnaires that were filled in by the schoolgirls were compiled and compared with the data from the surveys given by the teachers working with the schoolgirls.
Conclusions
. Both the girls and the teachers have a positive attitude towards the PE classes, whilst observing a number of perceived faults. Criticism was aimed at a lack of variety in the classes and that the needs, potential and interests of the girls were not taken into account and also the lack of involvement of the girls in the process of planning and pursuing the classes. The girls responded positively to the 2009 education reform proposals. The PE teachers also endorsed the proposals.
Prosodic and Semantic Properties of Intonational Phrases
Authors: Milićev Tanja , Milićević Nataša , Marković Maja 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between prosodic and semantic properties of Intonational Phrases, based on the facts from Serbian. The production tests and elicited judgements show that the prosodic integration of the embedded IPs (appositives, parentheticals, and the left-peripheral adverbs) has a distinct semantic effect, or is accompanied by the narrow focus interpretation within the proposition modified.
Cinematic Memory and The Americanization of The Holocaust
Authors: Nelson Barbara A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Steven Soderbergh’s The Good German (2006), while grounding itself in WWII, casts a wide net as it attempts to examine the role of memory, the difficulty of assigning guilt, determining justice, defining the past, and writing history. Its nuanced treatment of these issues is enhanced by its complex ethnic characterizations and its contextualization among a group of WWII American cinematic classics. This ultimately leads to a shift in viewer reception aimed at creating greater understanding and empathy.
A Return to Senses: The Healthy Self in Nadine Gordimer’s Writings
Authors: Caraivan Luiza Maria 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The paper analyses some aspects of healthy and diseased bodies presented in Nadine Gordimer’s latest writings that mark the writer’s return to senses. Some of Susan Sontag’s considerations on‘illness and its metaphors’ are introduced in order to accentuate the significance of the healing proces in the circle of health, disease and recovery.
Revengeful Violence – Hannah Duston’s Captivity Narative and the Puritan Paradox
Authors: Mingiuc Andreea 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The story of Hannah Duston brings forth a new image of the captive Puritan woman, one that is bearing the horrifying specter of violent revenge. The essay dwells on the captive’s way of dealing with the experience of captivity by touching upon Walter Benjamin’s approach on the matter and also by analyzing the moral paradox that arises.
Integration of Critically Appraised Topics Into Evidence-Based Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Crowell Michael S. , Tragord Bradley S. , Taylor Alden L. , Deyle Gail D. 
Published: February 2013

Synopsis Physical therapists frequently encounter situations that require complex differential-diagnosis decisions and the ability to consistently screen for serious pathology that may mimic a musculoskeletal complaint. By applying the evidence-based-practice process to diagnosis, screening, and referral, physical therapists can identify diagnostic and screening strategies that positively influence clinical decisions. A critically appraised topic document (a standard 1-page summary of the literature appraisal and clinical relevance in response to a specific clinical question) is a valuable tool in evidence-based practice. The creation of a critically appraised topic makes the educational process cumulative instead of duplicative, allowing the individual clinician to assimilate and consolidate knowledge after a search effort and improving search and appraisal skills. The purpose of this clinical commentary is as follows: (1) to describe the clinical reasoning process of 3 orthopaedic physical therapists that led to the development of specific clinical questions related to screening for nonmusculoskeletal pathology, (2) to describe the search and triage strategy that led each physical therapist to the current best evidence needed to rule out nonmusculoskeletal pathology in the patient, and (3) to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a critically appraised topic, the implementation of this process, and the tailoring of search strategies to find diagnostic and screening strategies. Level of Evidence Diagnosis, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(10):870–879, Epub 19 July 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4265
Clinical Measurement of Scapular Upward Rotation in Response to Acute Subacromial Pain
Authors: Wassinger Craig A. , Sole Gisela , Osborne Hamish 
Published: February 2013

Study Design Block-counterbalanced, repeated-measures crossover study. Objectives To assess scapular upward rotation positional adaptations to experimentally induced subacromial pain. Background Existing subacromial pathology is often related to altered scapular kinematics during humeral elevation, such as decreased upward rotation and posterior tilting. These changes have the potential to limit subacromial space and mechanically impinge subacromial structures. Yet, it is unknown whether these changes are the cause or result of injury and what the acute effects of subacromial pain on scapular upward rotation may be. Methods Subacromial pain was induced via hypertonic saline injection in 20 participants, aged 18 to 31 years. Scapular upward rotation was measured with a digital inclinometer at rest and at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of humeral elevation during a painful condition and a pain-free condition. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted for scapular upward rotation position, based on condition (pain or control) and humeral position. Post hoc testing was conducted with paired t tests as appropriate. Results Scapular upward rotation during the pain condition was significantly increased (range of average increase, 3.5°–7.7°) compared to the control condition at all angles of humeral elevation tested. Conclusion Acute subacromial pain elicited an increase in scapular upward rotation at all angles of humeral elevation tested. This adaptation to acute experimental pain may provide protective compensation to subacromial structures during humeral elevation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(4):199–203. Epub 14 January 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4276
L'État ne doit pas rendre les armes
Authors: Foucher Michel 
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’État articule divers niveaux d’interaction : avec ses citoyens, l’Union européenne et le monde. D’où la centralité retrouvée de son rôle. Différents modèles d’États, et de regroupements d’États, émergent au niveau mondial, et redonnent du sens à la puissance publique.
L'État à la lumière du Grand Paris
Authors: Mongin Olivier 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Que reste-t-il du projet du Grand Paris ? Des noms de grands architectes, un nouveau métro et un pôle universitaire. Ce qui devait au départ faire émerger un espace métropolitain a été en grande partie repris en main par l’État, englué dans une vision datée de l’urbanisme et dans le millefeuille territorial.
Diversity, species richness, and abundance of spiders (Araneae) in different strata of boreal white spruce stands
Authors: Pinzon Jaime , Spence John R. , Langor David W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSpiders (Araneae) were sampled in white spruce (Picea glauca(Moench) Voss (Pinaceae)) dominated stands from the ground and shrub layers, and from several overstorey strata to assess patterns in species composition and diversity (alpha and beta) along the vertical gradient (0–12 m above ground). Overall, 3070 adult spiders in 15 families and 76 species were collected, with the ground layer accounting for the highest species richness (40 species) followed by the mid-overstorey (36 spp.) and the shrub layers (33 species). Vertical stratification was apparent in the samples: richness clearly decreased with height, and species turnover between the ground, shrub, and mid-overstorey levels was evident, suggesting that species composition in each layer was highly distinctive. Within the mid-overstorey stratification was less obvious but both species richness and spider abundance were predicted significantly by height from the ground and branch size. Given the role of late-seral conifer stands for maintaining old-growth species, understanding diversity patterns across strata provides basic knowledge to support forest management decisions that effectively conserve spider species and assemblages. It is clearly important to include higher canopy layers in considering impacts of forestry on biodiversity in the boreal mixedwood.
TLR7 Stimulation of APCs Results in Inhibition of IL-5 through Type I IFN and Notch Signaling Pathways in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Edwards Susan , Jones Carolyn , Leishman Andrew J. , Young Barbara W. , Matsui Hiroyuki , Tomizawa Hideyuki , Murray Clare M. , Biffen Mark 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
TLR7 agonists modulate Th2 immune responses through mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Suppression of IL-5 production from Ag- or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human PBMCs by the TLR7 antedrug AZ12441970 was mediated via type I IFN–dependent and type I IFN–independent mechanisms through TLR7 activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B cells, and monocytes. The type I IFN–dependent inhibition of T cell–derived IL-5 was mediated by IFN-α acting directly on activated T cells. IL-10 was shown not to be involved in the type I IFN–independent inhibition of IL-5 and the mechanism of inhibition required cell–cell interaction. Notch signaling was implicated in the inhibition of IL-5, because addition of a γ-secretase inhibitor blocked the type I IFN–independent suppression of IL-5. Accordingly, AZ12441970 induced high levels of the notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4 mRNA, whereas immobilized DLL4 resulted in the suppression of IL-5 production. Therefore, we have elucidated two mechanisms whereby TLR7 agonists can modulate IL-5 production in human T cells. The suppression of Th2 cytokines, including IL-5, would be of benefit in diseases such as atopic asthma, so we assessed TLR7 function in PBMC from asthmatics and showed equivalent activity compared with healthy volunteers. Demonstrating this function is intact in asthmatics and knowing it links to suppression of Th2 cytokines support the case for developing such compounds for the treatment of allergic disease.
In Vivo Ablation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Inhibits Autoimmunity through Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Ioannou Marianna , Alissafi Themis , Boon Louis , Boumpas Dimitrios , Verginis Panayotis 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Autoimmunity ensues upon breakdown of tolerance mechanism and priming of self-reactive T cells. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) constitute a unique cell subset that participates in the activation of autoreactive T cells but also has been shown to be critically involved in the induction of self-tolerance. However, their functional importance during the priming phase of an organ-specific autoimmune response remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that absence of pDCs during myelin antigenic challenge resulted in amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and reduced disease severity. This was accompanied by significantly decreased frequency of myelin-specific T cells in the draining lymph nodes and inhibition of Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Unexpectedly, in vivo ablation of pDCs increased myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and specifically induced the generation of CD11bhiGr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Furthermore, we demonstrate that pDC depletion enhanced the mobilization of MDSCs in the spleen, and that sorted MDSCs could potently suppress CD4+ T cell responses in vitro. Importantly, pDC-depleted mice showed increased levels of MCP-1 in the draining lymph nodes, and in vivo administration of MCP-1 increased the frequency and absolute numbers of MDSCs in the periphery of treated mice. Together, our results reveal that absence of pDCs during the priming of an autoimmune response leads to increased mobilization of MDSCs in the periphery in an MCP-1–dependent manner and subsequent amelioration of autoimmunity.
Increased Ribonuclease Expression Reduces Inflammation and Prolongs Survival in TLR7 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Sun Xizhang , Wiedeman Alice , Agrawal Nalini , Teal Thomas H. , Tanaka Lena , Hudkins Kelly L. , Alpers Charles E. , Bolland Silvia , Buechler Matthew B. , Hamerman Jessica A. , Ledbetter Jeffrey A. , Liggitt Denny , Elkon Keith B. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
TLR7 activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Mice that overexpress TLR7 develop a lupus-like disease with autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis and early death. To determine whether degradation of the TLR7 ligand RNA would alter the course of disease, we created RNase A transgenic (Tg) mice. We then crossed the RNase Tg to TLR7 Tg mice to create TLR7 × RNase double Tg (DTg) mice. DTg mice had a significantly increased survival associated with reduced activation of T and B lymphocytes and reduced kidney deposition of IgG and C3. We observed massive hepatic inflammation and cell death in TLR7 Tg mice. In contrast, hepatic inflammation and necrosis were strikingly reduced in DTg mice. These findings indicate that high concentrations of serum RNase protect against immune activation and inflammation associated with TLR7 stimulation and that RNase may be a useful therapeutic strategy in the prevention or treatment of inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus and, possibly, liver diseases.
Investigation of Sorption of Chromate Ion On A Synthetic Hematite
Authors: Bodunde V. T. , Adekola F. A. , Abdus-Salam N. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A Hematite sample was synthesized using precipitation method and it was characterized using a combination of analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The hematite was then studied for its potential to remove chromate ion from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.91 mg/g. The influence of contact time, ionic strength and pH on the sorption capacity was also investigated. Maximum adsorption was observed in the range pH 4.0 and pH 6.0 at an optimum time of 3 hours 20 mins. The experimental results were finally analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The Temkin isotherm was found to have the most satisfactory fitting for the sorption data. The sorption kinetics was studied for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models.
Fabricating High Performance, Donor–Acceptor Copolymer Solar Cells by Spray‐Coating in Air
Authors: Wang Tao , Scarratt Nicholas W. , Yi Hunan , Dunbar Alan D. F. , Pearson Andrew J. , Watters Darren C. , Glen Tom S. , Brook Andrew C. , Kingsley James , Buckley Alastair R. , Skoda Maximilian W. A. , Donald Athene M. , Jones Richard A. L. , Iraqi Ahmed , Lidzey David G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report the fabrication of high performance organic solar cells by spray‐coating the photoactive layer in air. The photovoltaic blends consist of a blend of carbazole and benzothiadiazole based donor–acceptor copolymers and the fullerene derivative PC70BM. Here, we formulate a number of photovoltaic inks using a range of solvent systems that we show can all be deposited by spray casting. We use a range of techniques to characterize the structure of such films, and show that spray‐cast films have comparable surface roughness to spin‐cast films and that vertical stratification that occurs during film drying reduces the concentration of PCBM towards the underlying PEDOT:PSS interface. We also show that the active layer thickness and the drying kinetics can be tuned through control of the substrate temperature. High power conversion efficiencies of 4.3%, 4.5% and 4.6% were obtained for solar cells made from a blend of PC70BM with the carbazole‐based co‐polymers PCDTBT, P2 and P1. By applying a low temperature anneal after the deposition of the cathode, the efficiency of spray‐cast solar‐cells based on a P2:PC70BM blend is increased to 5.0%. Spray coating holds significant promise as a technique capable of fabricating large‐area, high performance organic solar cells in air.
Phenotype‐environment mismatch due to epigenetic inheritance? Programming the offspring's epigenome and the consequences of migration
Authors: Willführ Kai P. , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveIt has been suggested that epigenetic inheritance is an important factor influencing mortality. We use data about the historical population ofQuébec(years 1670–1740) to study whether parents modify their offspring's phenotype epigenetically prior to conception in response to predicted/perceived mortality. If so, children growing up in the predicted environment enjoy a phenotype‐environment‐match that should lower mortality, whereas children growing up in a nonpredicted environment should have a higher mortality.MethodsWe use the large urban‐rural mortality differential to capture the predicted/perceived mortality environment. We categorize children into different groups by their migration status: conceived and living in the same environment (urban or rural); conceived in one but born in another environment (urban‐to‐rural or rural‐to‐urban); and born in one but migrating to another environment. We useKaplan‐Meiersurvival curves and fixed effect survival models to estimate to what extent child survival up to the age of 15 depends on migration status.ResultsChild mortality within families that moved from urban to rural areas does not depend on the child's migration status. Within families that moved to urban areas, children who were conceived and born in the rural areas exhibit the lowest mortality. This contradicts a phenotype‐environment‐mismatch scenario, which would result in higher rather than lower mortality.ConclusionWe do not find evidence for functional (adaptive) epigenetic inheritance. Migration into an environment with lower or higher extrinsic mortality affects child mortality within the families differently than predicted by the concept of epigenetic inheritance. The results suggest that epigenetic inheritance may not be important for child mortality among migrants. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:318–328, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure, electrical, dielectric, and optical investigation on polyvinyl alcohol/metal chloride nanocomposites
Authors: Shash N. M. , Khoder H. , Metawe F. , Negm A. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDifferent concentrations of metal chlorides/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites have been prepared by the typical solvent cast technique. The prepared samples were investigated by different techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscope. DC and AC conductivities are examined at different temperatures and frequencies. An activation process was found in the DC conductivity versus temperature relation and the activation energy was calculated. The AC conductivity obeyed the ωS power law. The behavior of S with temperature was studied. Various dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and loss tangent (tan δ) have been determined in the temperature range 303–443 K at different frequencies. The dielectric parameters were found to decrease with increasing frequency. The study of dielectric relaxation as a function of temperature at constant frequency shows two relaxation mechanisms. The optical band gaps and band tails were estimated from the measured absorption spectra. The applied photon energy found to affect the observed optical band gaps. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Komfort für Passivhaus‐Büros − Planungsunterstützung mit Hilfe gekoppelter Gebäude‐, Anlagen‐ und Strömungssimulation
Authors: Gritzki Ralf , Rösler Markus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIm Zuge der hier vorliegenden Studie wurden umfangreiche numerische Untersuchungen verschiedener Klimatisierungskonzepte für ein typisches Passivhausbüro durchgeführt. Dabei standen sowohl energetische Aspekte als auch Aspekte des erzielbaren thermischen und hygienischen Komforts im Fokus der Betrachtungen. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten mittels gekoppelter Gebäude‐, Anlagen‐ und Strömungssimulation und erstreckten sich über eine Vielzahl zentraler und dezentraler Heiz‐, Kühl‐, Verschattungs‐ und Belüftungssysteme und deren Kombinationen. Die Resultate der Untersuchungen verdeutlichen, dass auch für Bürogebäude mit ihren spezifischen Nutzungsmerkmalen, wie der höheren Belegungsdichte und erhöhter interner thermischer Lasten (gegenüber Wohngebäuden) eine Bauweise im Passivhausstandard empfehlenswert ist. Bezüglich der Klimatisierungsvarianten zeigte sich zudem, dass eine Trennung von Belüftung und Temperierung (z. B. über Heiz‐/Kühldecken) bei gleichzeitiger bodennaher Einbringung der Zuluft im Sinne des Quellluftprinzips den besten Kompromiss bezüglich Energieeffizienz und Behaglichkeit darstellt.Coupled heating, cooling and ventilation simulation with CFD for thermal comfort in a passive house standard office building. In the course of this study extensive numerical investigations of different heating, ventilation and cooling concepts were carried out for a typical passive house office. As well the energetic aspects as the thermal and hygienic comfort were taken into account. The investigations were performed by building and system simulation coupled to computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A big variety of centralized and decentralized heating, cooling, ventilation and sun screen systems and their combinations were analyzed. The results clearly show that also for office buildings with their specific feature of usage as dense occupancy and high internal loads the construction form as a passive house is advisable. In terms of heating, cooling and ventilation it was shown that a separation of ventilation and temperature regulation (e.g. by heating or cooling ceilings) with simultaneous air supply close to the floor (displacement ventilation) seems to be the best compromise between energy efficiency and thermal comfort.