bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade-off analysis of packaging attributes for foods and drinks
Authors: Jinkarn Tunyarut , Suwannaporn Prisana 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand consumer perspectives and trade-offs on packaging convenience attributes of various food and drink packages vs increased cost.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research utilized structured interviews to collect pertinent data. Personal interviews were conducted at major supermarkets within Bangkok and the vicinity. During data collection, 600 interviews were concluded. Target groups were composed of those who are major shoppers of particular food and drink products. In total, three packages for food products and two packages for drink products were selected for the study, including snack pouches, tuna cans, ready-to-eat plastic trays, laminated juice cartons, and plastic bottles for drinking water. Packaging attributes that were taken into consideration were structure, body style, opening mechanism, reseal features, and tamper-evident characteristics. Part worth analysis and importance level of increased price factors compared with packaging attributes were discussed. Conjoint analysis was used for importance score calculation and data analysis.

Findings
– The most important packaging attributes for all packages were the opening characteristics. Tamper-evident characteristics were also perceived as very important for drinking water bottles. However, for all packages, the importance score level for the price factor accounted for only 10-19 percent. As a result, opening characteristics of the packages seemed to influence consumer purchasing decisions for food and drink products; most consumers were happy to trade-off on a slight increase in price for additional convenience or tamper-evident features of a package.

Originality/value
– The findings of this study can be used in making strategic packaging decisions to improve customer satisfaction and increase sales.
External sources for innovation in food SMEs
Authors: Lefebvre Virginie Marie , De Steur Hans , Gellynck Xavier 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that different external sources of knowledge play in product, process, market and organizational innovations in food SMEs.Design/methodology/approach– This study is based on a web-survey of 214 food European SMEs. Binary logistic regression models were utilized for data analysis.Findings– The findings support the recent studies that suggest that the introduction of different types of innovation is associated with different types of source of knowledge. They indicate that collaboration with customers matter for product innovations in food SMEs while collaboration with competitors is more important for organizational innovations in this type of firm. In addition, collaboration with science base actors does not appear relevant to innovation in food SMEs, supporting previous works that highlight the predominant role of market base actors in innovation in this type of firm.Research limitations/implications– In line with previous research on innovation in SMEs, the generalization of the findings to all European food SMEs may be limited due to the low response rate and the difficulties in collecting innovation data from micro-firms. Data used in the study were gathered from single informants also which may have resulted in self-report bias. Besides, cross-sectional data were employed so no causal inferences could be drawn.Originality/value– Although the food industry is a major sector for the European economy, little attention has been given to the sources of knowledge that may be used for innovation in this industry. This paper offers interesting insights into the importance of external sources for innovation. Moreover, past research dealing with collaboration for innovation usually focus on product and process innovations. The paper adds to these by incorporating market and organizational innovations.
Continuous improvement philosophy – literature review and directions
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Singh Harwinder 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the history and existing research on continuous improvement (CI).Design/methodology/approach– Extensive review of the literature.Findings– This paper provides an overview of CI, its inception, how it evolved into sophisticated methodologies used in organizations today, and existing research in this field in the literature.Research limitations/implications– The literature on classification of CI has so far been very limited. The paper reviews a large number of papers in this field and presents the overview of various CI implementation practices demonstrated by manufacturing organizations globally. It also highlights the sophisticated CI methodologies suggested by various researchers and practitioners in the field of CI.Practical implications– The literature on classification of CI has so far been very limited. The paper reviews a large number of papers in this field and presents the overview of various CI implementation practices demonstrated by manufacturing organizations globally. It also highlights the sophisticated CI methodologies suggested by various researchers and practitioners in the field of CI.Originality/value– The paper contains a comprehensive listing of publications on the field in question and its classification. It will be useful to researchers, improvement professionals and others concerned with improvement to understand the significance of CI. It should be of value to practitioners of CI programmes and to academics who are interested in how CI has evolved, and where it is today. To the authors’ knowledge, no recent papers have provided an historical perspective of CI.
Performance modeling of the skim milk powder production system of a dairy plant using RAMD analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Anil , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Vikram 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to compute RAMD indices to measure and improve the performance of skim milk powder production system of a dairy plant under real working conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The present work is carried out by developing performance model based on Markov birth-death process. The skim milk powder production system consists of six units. The first order governing differential equations are derived using the mnemonic rule and further solved to calculate RAMD indices i.e. reliability, availability, maintainability, dependability, MTBF, MTTR and dependability ratio for each subsystem of the system.

Findings
– The subsystem SS1 comprising of chiller and cream separator is the most critical from maintenance point of view, as the reliability, availability, maintainability, dependability, MTBF and dependability ratio indices are low as compared to those of other subsystems of skim milk powder production system of the dairy plant.

Originality/value
– The RAMD indices of the present work is very useful for finding the critical subsystem and its effect on the performance of the system working under real working conditions. Further, based on findings the maintenance priorities for various subsystems can be decided.
Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy stochastic multi-criteria decision-making method based on Prospect theory
Authors: Gao Jianwei , Liu Huihui 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a new approach to solving the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy stochastic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems.

Design/methodology/approach
– To transform the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number (IVIFN) into a computational numerical value, a new precision score (P-score) function is developed based on the degrees of membership, non-membership and hesitation. The prospect decision-making matrix is derived by applying P-score function and Prospect theory. A new criteria weighting model is put forward based on the least square method, the maximizing deviation method and Prospect theory. Consequently, combined criteria weighting model with the prospect decision-making matrix, the integrated prospect value is derived which presents a measurement scale for ranking the order of alternatives.

Findings
– As a result, the method of the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy stochastic MCDM is suggested. In this method, the new P-score function responses the comprehensive information of the criteria. The prospect decision-making matrix can reflect the risk attitude of the decision maker. The new criteria weighting model can express both the subjective considerations of the decision maker and the objective information meaning.

Research limitations/implications
– The research results may lack generalizability for other fuzzy decision making because of the chosen research approach for IVIFN decision making. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

Practical implications
– The developed approach can be applied in many decision-making fields such as selection of renewable energy alternatives, assessment of flexible manufacturing system alternatives and human resource alternatives performance evaluation, etc. where the evaluation values are IVIFNs.

Originality/value
– This paper succeeds in studying the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy MCDM based on Prospect theory, which has not been reported in the existing academic literature.
Study on sensitive information leakage vulnerability modeling
Authors: Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim Nam-Uk , Chung Tai-Myoung 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for quantitatively analyzing the security profile of an organization’s IT environment. The model considers the security risks associated with stored data, as well as services and devices that can act as channels for data leakages. The authors propose a sensitive information (SI) leakage vulnerability model.

Design/methodology/approach
– Factors identified as having an impact on the security profile are identified, and scores are assigned based on detailed criteria. These scores are utilized by mathematical models that produce a vulnerability index, which indicates the overall security vulnerability of the organization. In this chapter, the authors verify the model result extracted from SI leakage vulnerability weak index by applying the proposed model to an actual incident that occurred in South Korea in January 2014.

Findings
– The paper provides vulnerability result and vulnerability index. They are depends on SI state in information systems.

Originality/value
– The authors identify and define four core variables related to SI leakage: SI, security policy, and leakage channel and value of SI. The authors simplify the SI leakage problem. The authors propose a SI leakage vulnerability model.
Surface Properties of Heat‐Induced Soluble Soy Protein Aggregates of Different Molecular Masses
Authors: Guo Fengxian , Xiong Youling L. , Qin Fang , Jian Huajun , Huang Xiaolin , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSuspensions (2% and 5%, w/v) of soy protein isolate (SPI) were heated at 80, 90, or 100 °C for different time periods to produce soluble aggregates of different molecular sizes to investigate the relationship between particle size and surface properties (emulsions and foams). Soluble aggregates generated in these model systems were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Heat treatment increased surface hydrophobicity, induced SPI aggregation via hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bonds, and formed soluble aggregates of different sizes. Heating of 5% SPI always promoted large‐size aggregate (LA; >1000 kDa) formation irrespective of temperature, whereas the aggregate size distribution in 2% SPI was temperature dependent: the LA fraction progressively rose with temperature (80→90→100 °C), corresponding to the attenuation of medium‐size aggregates (MA; 670 to 1000 kDa) initially abundant at 80 °C. Heated SPI with abundant LA (>50%) promoted foam stability. LA also exhibited excellent emulsifying activity and stabilized emulsions by promoting the formation of small oil droplets covered with a thick interfacial protein layer. However, despite a similar influence on emulsion stability, MA enhanced foaming capacity but were less capable of stabilizing emulsions than LA. The functionality variation between heated SPI samples is clearly related to the distribution of aggregates that differ in molecular size and surface activity. The findings may encourage further research to develop functional SPI aggregates for various commercial applications.
Changes of Quality in the Fruits of Prunus mume during Deacidification by Fermentation with Lactobacillus Fermentium
Authors: Yu Yuanshan , Xiao Gengsheng , Xu Yujuan , Wu Jijun , Zhang Yousheng , Chen Weidong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes of quality attributes of Prunus mume fruits during deacidification using the fermentation of Lactobacillus fermentium. Results of HPLC analysis showed that the sucrose and glucose were dominant sugars, and citric acid was dominant organic acids in P. mume fruits. The level of citric acid reaches 39.3 g/kg, and yet the sucrose and glucose content in the P. mume fruits was very lower, which were 2.16 and 0.66 g/L, respectively. After 8 d of fermentation, sugar and citric acid in the P. mume fruits was completely consumed, and the total phenolics, antioxidant activity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity value), and sarcocarp firmness retained 64.4%, 70.0%, 62.6%, respectively. Also, the viability counts of L. fermentium in fermentation broth increased slowly, which were near 8.0 lg CFU/mL after 8 d of fermentation at 30 °C. Overall, fermentation with L. fermentium can be applied in deacidification of P. mume fruits, and also the fermented P. mume fruits can meet the standard to be further processed into prune or sauces, and the fermentation broth of P. mume fruits with L. fermentium have a good prospect in the development of probiotic beverage.
Injectate spread following ultrasound‐guided lateral to medial approach for dual transversus abdominis plane blocks
Authors: SONDEKOPPAM R. V. , BROOKES J. , MORRIS L. , JOHNSON M. , GANAPATHY S. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundBilateral dual transversus abdominis plane (BD‐TAP) injections were devised to cover the T7–8 and L1 dermatomes, which are usually spared with classical and mid‐axillary TAP injections. The purpose of this study was to delineate the vertical and lateral extent of injectate spread following a lateral to medial approach for TAP injections in embalmed cadavers.MethodsUltrasound‐guided subcostal and lateral TAP injections were performed on nine embalmed cadavers using 30 ml of 0.5% methylcellulose (20 ml for subcostal and 10 ml for lateral injections) with a 12‐cm Tuohy needle in the first six cadavers (nine hemi‐abdomens). Vertical extent and the medial to lateral extent of the dye spread were recorded after dissections of the abdominal wall. In a pilot of three cadavers not receiving TAP injections, anatomical impediments to proximal injectate spread were explored separately.ResultsThe vertical spread of injectate was T7–L1 (n = 2/9), T8–L1 (n = 5/9) and T9–L1 (n = 2/9). None of the TAP injections extended beyond the mid‐axillary line. No anatomical impediments for the flow of injectate to the T7 or T8 intercostal nerves were found at the level of the interdigitations of the transversus abdominis muscle and diaphragm.ConclusionA lateral to medial approach for TAP injection resulted in spread of the injectate ranging from T7/8–L1 dermatomes in the majority of the hemi‐abdomens. Subcostal and lateral TAP injections do not cover the lateral cutaneous branches of the segmental nerves.
Intravenous lidocaine increases the depth of anaesthesia of propofol for skin incision – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: WEBER U. , KRAMMEL M. , LINKE S. , HAMP T. , STIMPFL T. , REITER B. , PLÖCHL W. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe anaesthetic potency of intravenous propofol is quantified by its Cp50 value, which is defined as the plasma concentration required to prevent movement response in 50% of patients to surgical stimuli. We hypothesised that, in addition to propofol anaesthesia, an intravenous bolus of lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg will decrease the Cp50 value of propofol during anaesthesia.MethodsWe enrolled 54 elective surgical patients undergoing propofol‐based anaesthesia, and randomised them to either lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg, lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg or placebo (NaCl 0.9%) 3 min before skin incision. The propofol Cp50 value was then calculated using the ‘up‐and‐down’ method of Dixon and Massey.ResultsThere was no significant reduction in propofol requirements after the administration of 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine from 8.5 μg/ml [confidence interval (CI) 6.0–11.625] to 8.25 μg/ml (CI 6.75–9.76); however, a bolus of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine decreased the Cp50 value of propofol by 42% from 8.5 μg/ml (CI 6.0–11.625) to 4.92 μg/ml (CI 4.5–5.78) (P < 0.05).ConclusionAn intravenous bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine 2% caused a significant reduction of the propofol Cp50 value.
Social Cognition Deficits and Associations with Drinking History in Alcoholic Men and Women
Authors: Valmas Mary M. , Mosher Ruiz Susan , Gansler David A. , Sawyer Kayle S. , Oscar‐Berman Marlene 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated the presence of a social cognition factor as an element of general cognition in healthy control and clinical populations. Recently developed measures of social cognition include the social perception and faces subtests of the Wechsler Advanced Clinical Solutions (ACS) Social Cognition module. While these measures have been validated on various clinical samples, they have not been studied in alcoholics. Alcoholism has been associated with emotional abnormalities and diminished social cognitive functioning as well as neuropathology of brain areas underlying social processing abilities. We used the ACS Social Perception and Faces subtests to assess alcoholism‐related impairments in social cognition.MethodsSocial cognitive functioning was assessed in 77 abstinent alcoholic individuals (37 women) and 59 nonalcoholic control participants (29 women), using measures of the ACS Social Cognition module and subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Fourth Edition (WAIS‐IV) that contain a social cognition component (Picture Completion and Comprehension). Group and gender differences in ACS and WAIS‐IV performance were assessed, as well as relationships between measures of alcoholism severity and social cognitive functioning.ResultsAlcoholics performed significantly worse than nonalcoholics on the ACS measures of Affect Naming and Faces Content. Alcoholic men were impaired relative to alcoholic women on Prosody Face Matching and Faces Content scores. Among alcoholics, longer durations of heavy drinking were associated with poorer performance on Affect Naming, and a greater number of daily drinks were associated with lower Prosody Face Matching performance. For alcoholic women, a longer duration of abstinence was associated with better performance on Affect Naming.ConclusionsAlcoholic men and women showed different patterns of associations between alcoholism indices and clinically validated social cognition assessments. These findings extend into the social cognition domain, previous literature demonstrating the presence of cognitive deficits in alcoholism, their association with alcoholism severity, and variability by gender. Moreover, because impairments in social cognition can persist despite extended abstinence, they have important implications for relapse prevention.
Protective Effects of Hypothalamic Beta‐Endorphin Neurons Against Alcohol‐Induced Liver Injuries and Liver Cancers in Rat Animal Models
Authors: Murugan Sengottuvelan , Boyadjieva Nadka , Sarkar Dipak K. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundRecently, retrograde tracing has provided evidence for an influence of hypothalamic β‐endorphin (BEP) neurons on the liver, but functions of these neurons are not known. We evaluated the effect of BEP neuronal activation on alcohol‐induced liver injury and hepatocellular cancer.MethodsMale rats received either BEP neuron transplants or control transplants in the hypothalamus and were randomly assigned to feeding alcohol‐containing liquid diet or control liquid diet for 8 weeks or to treatment of a carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Liver tissues of these animals were analyzed histochemically and biochemically for tissue injuries or cancer.ResultsAlcohol feeding increased liver weight and induced several histopathological changes such as prominent microvesicular steatosis and hepatic fibrosis. Alcohol feeding also increased the levels of triglyceride, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation factors, and catecholamines in the liver and endotoxin levels in the plasma. However, these effects of alcohol on the liver were reduced in animals with BEP neuron transplants. BEP neuron transplants also suppressed carcinogen‐induced liver histopathologies such as extensive fibrosis, large focus of inflammatory infiltration, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), collagen deposition, numbers of preneoplastic foci, levels of HSC activation factors and catecholamines, as well as inflammatory milieu and increased the levels of natural killer cell cytotoxic factors in the liver.ConclusionsThese findings are the first evidence for a role of hypothalamic BEP neurons in influencing liver functions. Additionally, the data identify that BEP neuron transplantation prevents hepatocellular injury and HCC formation possibly via influencing the immune function.
An overview of the endodontic curriculum in Fiji from 2009 to 2013
Authors: Devi Arpana A. , Abbott Paul V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper seeks to provide the reader with an overview of the endodontic curriculum in Fiji from 2009 to 2013. It also intends to inform readers of the changes in endodontic teaching, the learning methods utilised, curriculum development, the transition from block teaching to partial block teaching combined with longitudinal teaching, and the future plans for the endodontic module.