bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep‐related factors: associations with poor attention and depressive symptoms
Authors: Lehto J. E. , Uusitalo‐Malmivaara L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSleep duration is known to be associated with depression and attention deficits in children, though the majority of studies have focused on adolescents. Attention problems and depressive symptoms related to sleep factors have not been studied simultaneously in the non‐clinical child population before.MethodsSleep quantity, adverse bedtime behaviour, daytime sleepiness, poor attention and symptoms of depression were assessed using self‐report measures. The participants were 11 years old (n = 439).ResultsShort sleep duration during the school week is related to poor attention and high depression. It is not a significant predictor of low attention and high depression symptoms in logistic regression analyses. Instead, adverse bedtime behaviour and daytime sleepiness predict them highly significantly.ConclusionsShort sleep duration is related to poor attention and depressive symptoms as suggested by previous work. However, the significant role of other sleep‐related factors calls for further research.
Cross‐sectional survey of daily junk food consumption, irregular eating, mental and physical health and parenting style of British secondary school children
Authors: Zahra J. , Ford T. , Jodrell D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has established that poor diets and eating patterns are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. This study explored the relationships between two specific eating behaviours (daily junk food consumption and irregular eating) and self‐reported physical and mental health of secondary school children, and their association with perceived parenting and child health.Methods10 645 participants aged between 12 and 16 completed measures of junk food consumption, irregular eating, parental style, and mental and physical health through the use of an online survey implemented within 30 schools in a large British city.Results2.9% of the sample reported never eating regularly and while 17.2% reported daily consumption of junk food. Young people who reported eating irregularly and consuming junk food daily were at a significantly greater risk of poorer mental (OR 5.41, 95% confidence interval 4.03–7.25 and 2.75, 95% confidence interval 1.99–3.78) and physical health (OR 4.56, 95% confidence interval 3.56–5.85 and 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.63–2.47). Authoritative parenting was associated with healthier eating behaviours, and better mental and physical health in comparison to other parenting styles.DiscussionA worrying proportion of secondary school children report unhealthy eating behaviours, particularly daily consumption of junk food, which may be associated with poorer mental and physical health. Parenting style may influence dietary habits. Interventions to improve diet may be more beneficial if also they address parenting strategies and issues related to mental and physical health.
Does It Matter What Mama Says: Evaluating the Role of Parental Mediation in European Adolescents’ Excessive Internet Use
Authors: Kalmus Veronika , Blinka Lukas , Ólafsson Kjartan 
Published: April 2013

This study investigated the relationship between adolescents’ excessive Internet use (EIU) and parental mediation. A random stratified sample of 11‐ to 16‐year olds (N = 18 709) and their parents from 25 European countries (EU Kids Online II project) was analysed to explore to what extent different types of parental mediation and other factors predict EIU. Active parental involvement in the child's Internet use (when the child had experienced online harm) and restrictive mediation were associated with lower EIU. Harmful online experiences, time spent online, scope of online activities and adolescents’ age predicted higher EIU.
A retrospective analysis of the resorption rate of deproteinized bovine bone as maxillary sinus graft material on cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Umanjec‐Korac S. , Wu G. , Hassan B. , Liu Y. , Wismeijer D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesGraft resorption remains a major disadvantage of the various employed materials in maxillary sinus augmentation. Our aim was to assess the percentage of graft volume reduction in deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of 29 augmented sinuses in 19 patients was conducted. The graft material was eitherDBBalone orDBBmixed with autologous bone chips (80%DBB/20% bone chips).CBCTscans of the augmented sinuses were obtained pre‐ and post‐operatively up to 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 55 dental implants were placed in the posterior maxillary region following sinus augmentation. The mean height of the alveolar ridge pre‐operative was 2.7 ± 1.2 mm and post‐operative was 14.13 ± 4.6 mm. The mean percentages of alveolar ridge height reduction were 18.58% (SD14.23%) and 27.62% (SD12.70%), and the mean percentages of graft volume reduction were 19.30% (SD9.19%) and 19.85% (SD9.61%) forDBBandDBB + bone chips, respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicate thatDBBgraft volume resorption is approximately (20 ± 10%) following 2‐year follow‐up.CBCTis a useful radiographic tool to follow‐up changes in sinus graft volumes.
Assessing the Impact of the NIH CTSA Program on Institutionally Sponsored Clinical Trials
Authors: Liu Guodong , Chen Gang , Sinoway Lawrence I. , Berg Arthur 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the NIH CTSA program on patient enrollment in clinical trials sponsored/collaborated by CTSA consortium institutions.Material and MethodsUsing publicly available clinical trial data at ClinicalTrials.gov, we identify positive trend changes in the number of patients enrolled in clinical trials performed at CTSA consortium institutions over the years before and after their respective CTSA award dates. CTSA consortium institutions were matched with similar non‐CTSA institutions.ResultsAs compared to matched non‐CTSA institutions CTSA consortium sites noted an increase in patient enrollment after the CTSA awards. In particular, we detected a change‐point, where a new enrollment trend emerged, 338 days after the CTSA award. No such trend was noted over the same period in the non‐CTSA institutions.ConclusionOur analysis provides evidence that the NIH CTSA funding program made a positive impact on patient enrollment.
Developing a Competency‐Based Educational Structure within Clinical and Translational Science
Authors: Dilmore Terri Collin , Moore Debra W. , Bjork Zuleikha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the emerging field of clinical and translational science (CTS), where researchers use both basic and clinical science research methodologies to move discoveries to clinical practice, establishing standards of competence is essential for preparing physician–scientists for the profession and for defining the field. The diversity of skills needed to execute quality research within the field of CTS has heightened the importance of an educational process that requires learners to demonstrate competence. Particularly within the more applied clinical science disciplines where there is a multi‐ or interdisciplinary approach to conducting research, defining and articulating the unique role and associated competencies of a physician–scientist is necessary. This paper describes a systematic process for developing a competency‐based educational framework within a CTS graduate program at one institution.
Teaching Research Ethics Better: Focus on Excellent Science, Not Bad Scientists
Authors: Yarborough Mark , Hunter Lawrence 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA recent report of the United States’ Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues highlights how important it is for the research community to enjoy the “earned confidence” of the public and how creating a “culture of responsibility” can contribute to that confidence. It identifies a major role for “creative, flexible, and innovative” ethics education in creating such a culture. Other recent governmental reports from various nations similarly call for a renewed emphasis on ethics education in the sciences. We discuss why some common approaches to ethics education in the graduate sciences fail to meet the goals envisioned in the reports and we describe an approach, animated by primary attention on excellent science as opposed to bad scientists, that we have employed in our ethics teaching that we think is better suited for inspiring and sustaining responsible, trustworthy science.
Evaluation Guidelines for the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs)
Authors: Trochim William M. , Rubio Doris M. , Thomas Veronica G. ,   Evaluation Key Function Committee of the CTSA Consortium
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a part of the National Institutes of Health, currently funds the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs), a national consortium of 61 medical research institutions in 30 states and the District of Columbia. The program seeks to transform the way biomedical research is conducted, speed the translation of laboratory discoveries into treatments for patients, engage communities in clinical research efforts, and train a new generation of clinical and translational researchers. An endeavor as ambitious and complex as the CTSA program requires high‐quality evaluations in order to show that the program is well implemented, efficiently managed, and demonstrably effective. In this paper, the Evaluation Key Function Committee of the CTSA Consortium presents an overall framework for evaluating the CTSA program and offers policies to guide the evaluation work. The guidelines set forth are designed to serve as a tool for education within the CTSA community by illuminating key issues and practices that should be considered during evaluation planning, implementation, and utilization. Additionally, these guidelines can provide a basis for ongoing discussions about how the principles articulated in this paper can most effectively be translated into operational reality.
Correlates of pain in an in‐treatment sample of opioid‐dependent people
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Larance Briony , Lintzeris Nicholas , Black Emma , Bruno Raimondo , Murnion Bridin , Dunlop Adrian , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe limited literature on pain in opioid‐treatment samples indicates that it is highly prevalent. Understanding the implications of pain on treatment outcomes is important, particularly in light of ageing opioid‐treatment cohorts. This study explores correlates of pain, including aberrant behaviours related to prescribed opioids. Our hypothesis is that pain may increase aberrant opioid‐related behaviours, including illicit substance use, among opioid‐dependent people.Design and MethodsWe examined pain in methadone or buprenorphine patients (n = 141) from three treatment services. Measures included basic demographics, Brief Pain Inventory, general mental health, physical health and quality of life measures, pain history and treatments, and an aberrant opioid‐related behaviour scale. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlates of pain.ResultsForty percent reported current pain, measured with the first question of the Brief Pain Inventory. Correlates of pain were depression ratings [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 4.83], anxiety ratings (adjusted OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.88, 9.80) and self‐reported health ratings (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16, 0.76). Contrary to our hypothesis, pain was not associated with greater use of illicit opioids, nor any aberrant opioid‐related behaviours. Pain was comparable among methadone and buprenorphine patients.Discussion and ConclusionsThe lack of association with pain and aberrant behaviours suggest that it should not be assumed that those in opioid treatment misuse medications in response to pain. The high prevalence of depression/anxiety symptoms indicates a need for further work with larger samples to explore pain and co‐morbidity among opioid‐dependent people. [Nielsen S, Larance B, Lintzeris N, Black E, Bruno R, Murnion B, Dunlop A, Degenhardt L. Correlates of pain in an in‐treatment sample of opioid‐dependent people. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:489–494]
Ethics of ARV Based Prevention: Treatment‐as‐Prevention and PrEP
Authors: Haire Bridget , Kaldor John M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPublished data show that new HIV prevention strategies including treatment‐as‐prevention and pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using oral antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are highly, but not completely, effective if regimens are taken as directed. Consequently, their implementation may challenge norms around HIV prevention. Specific concerns include the potential for ARV‐based prevention to reframe responsibility, erode beneficial sexual norms and waste resources. This paper explores what rights claims uninfected people can make for access to ARVs for prevention, and whether moral claims justify the provision of ARV therapy to those who do not yet clinically require treatment as a way of reducing HIV transmission risk. An ethical analysis was conducted of the two strategies, PrEP and treatment‐as‐prevention, using a public health stewardship model developed by the Nuffield Bioethics Council to consider and compare the application of PrEP and treatment‐as‐prevention strategies. We found that treating the person with HIV rather than the uninfected person offers advantages in settings where there are limited opportunities to access care. A treatment‐as‐prevention strategy that places all the emphasis upon the positive person's adherence however carries a disproportionate burden of responsibility. PrEP remains an important option for receptive partners who face increased biological vulnerability. We conclude that the use of ARV for prevention is ethically justified, despite imperfect global to drugs for those in clinical need. The determination of which ARV‐based HIV prevention strategy is ethically preferable is complex and must take into account both public health and interpersonal considerations.
Left Atrial Volume Index in Healthy Subjects: Clinical and Echocardiographic Correlates
Authors: D'Andrea Antonello , Riegler Lucia , Rucco Maria Antonietta , Cocchia Rosangela , Scarafile Raffaella , Salerno Gemma , Martone Francesca , Vriz Olga , Caso Pio , Calabrò Raffaele , Bossone Eduardo , Russo Maria Giovanna 
Published: April 2013

Left atrial (LA) size is related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relative role of multiple determinants of LA morphology in healthy subjects remains incompletely defined. The aim of this study is to define normal ranges for LA diameters and volume index (LAVi), and to investigate clinical and echocardiographic correlates. A total of 1480 healthy individuals (mean age 36.1 ± 15.5 years, range 20–80; 61% males) underwent a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography exam including assessment of LAVi calculated using the biplane area‐length method at the apical four‐chamber and two‐chamber views at ventricular end systole (maximum LA size) and indexed for body surface area (BSA). Mean LAVi in the overall population was 29.5 ± 10.8 mL/m2 (range: 26.1–41.8 mL/m2). Distinct higher values were found in subjects ≥50 years as compared with those <50 years of age (33.4 ± 12.5 vs. 29.1 ± 13.5; P < 0.001). On univariate analysis, LA volume was significantly associated with age (r = 0.48, P < 0.0001), male gender (r = 0.28, P < 0.05), BSA (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001), mitral E/E' (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001), LV end‐diastolic volume (r = 0.52, P < 0.0001), and LV mass index (r = 0.31, P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis identified age, BSA, LV end‐diastolic volume, and mitral E/E' ratio as the only independent determinants of LA volume (model R2 = 0.54, P < 0.0001). Gender was an independent predictor of most absolute LA volume, but following normalization to BSA, some associations became nonsignificant. In healthy individuals LAVi vary significantly by age, BSA, diastolic function, and LV dimensions, with lesser effects of gender.
Predation Risk and Opportunity Cost of Fleeing While Foraging on Plants Influence Escape Decisions of an Insular Lizard
Authors: Pérez‐Cembranos Ana , Pérez‐Mellado Valentín , Cooper William E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCost‐benefit models of escape behaviour predict how close a prey allows a predator to approach [flight initiation distance (FID)] based on cost of not fleeing (predation risk) and cost of fleeing (loss of opportunities). Models for FID have been used with some success to predict distance fled (DF). We studied effects of foraging opportunity cost of fleeing and examined differences between age‐sex groups in the omnivorous Balearic Lizard, Podarcis lilfordi. Balearic lizards forage on the ground for invertebrate prey and climb the thistle Carlina corymbosa to forage on its inflorescences. We studied escape behaviour in three experimental groups, with human beings as simulated predators: lizard foraging above ground on C. corymbosa, foraging on the ground away from thistles and on the ground with cut inflorescences. Flight initiation distance was shorter for lizards with cut inflorescences than for (1) lizards above ground due to the greater risk above ground due to conspicuousness of black lizards on yellow flowers; and (2) lizards on ground away from flowers due to the cost of leaving while feeding. The only age‐sex difference was slightly greater FID for adult males than subadults, presumably because larger adult males are more likely to be attacked by predators. Other potential factors affecting this difference are discussed. Experimental group and age‐sex group did not interact for FID or DF. Because lizards foraging on inflorescences above ground fled to the base of the plants to refuge provided by spiny thistle leaves, their DF was shorter than in the other groups, which fled across the ground, usually without entering refuge. DF did not differ between groups on the ground or among age‐sex groups. The predicted shorter DF for lizards with cut inflorescences than on ground without inflorescences did not occur. We hypothesize that the opportunity cost was small due to the abundance of blooming thistles and that DF may be less sensitive to opportunity cost than FID.
Temporal patterns of genetic variation in a salmon population undergoing rapid change in migration timing
Authors: Kovach Ryan P. , Gharrett Anthony J. , Tallmon David A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThough genetic diversity is necessary for population persistence in rapidly changing environments, little is known about how climate‐warming influences patterns of intra‐population genetic variation. For a pink salmon population experiencing increasing temperatures, we used temporal genetic data (microsatellite = 1993, 2001, 2009; allozyme = 1979, 1981, 1983) to quantify the genetic effective population size (Ne) and genetic divergence due to differences in migration timing and to estimate whether these quantities have changed over time. We predicted that temporal trends toward earlier migration timing and a corresponding loss of phenotypic variation would decrease genetic divergence based on migration timing and Ne. We observed significant genetic divergence based on migration timing and genetic heterogeneity between early‐ and late‐migrating fish. There was also some evidence for divergent selection between early‐ and late‐migrating fish at circadian rhythm genes, but results varied over time. Estimates of Ne from multiple methods were large (>1200) and Ne/Nc generally exceeded 0.2. Despite shifts in migration timing and loss of phenotypic variation, there was no evidence for changes in within‐population genetic divergence or Ne over the course of this study. These results suggest that in instances of population stability, genetic diversity may be resistant to climate‐induced changes in migration timing.
Regulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and related genes in equine digital lamellae and in cultured keratinocytes
Authors: Pawlak E. A. , Geor R. J. , Watts M. R. , Black S. J. , Johnson P. J. , Belknap J. K. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1A) is an important protein in the regulation/induction of many genes in the cellular and tissue response to hypoxia and a central mediator in inflammatory signalling. As both hypoxia and inflammatory events are purported to occur in the lamellar epidermis in sepsis‐related laminitis in the equid,HIF‐1Amay play a central role in this disease process.ObjectivessTo assess the regulation ofHIF‐1AandHIF‐1A‐related genes in the equine keratinocytein vitroand in the lamellar tissue of horses with sepsis‐related laminitis.Study designIn vivoandin vitroexperiments.MethodsReal‐time quantitativePCR(RT‐qPCR) and immunoblotting were performed to assess themRNAand protein concentrations ofHIF‐1Aand themRNAconcentrations ofHIF‐1A‐related genes in cultured equine keratinocytes and in lamellar samples from black walnut extract (BWE)‐ and carbohydrate overload (CHO)‐induced laminitis. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α was further localised via indirect immunofluorescence in frozen lamellar tissue sections.ResultsHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α appears to be regulated primarily at the post transcriptional level in the cultured equine keratinocyte, resulting in increasedHIF‐1Ain response to hypoxia but not to lipopolysaccharide exposure. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α is present at high concentrations in the normal equine lamina, and is increased inObel grade 1 (OG1) stage laminitis in theCHOmodel of laminitis. Equine lamellarmRNAconcentrations of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, but not glucose transporter 1, are increased in theBWEandCHOmodels of laminitis.Conclusions and potential relevanceThese data indicate that the normal equine lamellae are profoundly hypoxic in comparison with other tissues. The increasedmRNAconcentrations of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 in equine keratinocytes exposed to hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide, and in lamellar tissue fromBWEandCHOmodels of sepsis‐related laminitis, suggest that the marked lamellar inflammatory gene expression in sepsis‐related laminitis may be due to an interaction of constitutively high lamellar keratinocyteHIF‐1Asignalling with inflammatory signalling, possibly induced by circulating inflammatory mediators.The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
Foreign Language Student Teaching: Do Supervisor Qualifications Really Matter?
Authors: Kissau Scott P. , Algozzine Bob 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAccording to national standards for foreign language (L2) teacher education programs established by the ACTFL and the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), L2 student teachers must be supervised by university faculty who are qualified L2 educators. An exploratory study was conducted to better understand the impact of content‐specific pedagogical knowledge, L2 experience, and qualifications on the effectiveness of the university supervisor. Its purpose was to compare the beliefs of L2 teacher candidates and supervisors with and without L2 teaching qualifications to explore the extent to which these three groups share similar beliefs about effective L2 teaching. Results indicated that all participants demonstrated general pedagogical knowledge associated with good teaching practices. However, supervisors without L2 teacher training and experience were less familiar with theories of L2 acquisition, standards, and best practices than were their counterparts with L2 teaching qualifications. Lacking pedagogical content knowledge related to L2 teaching, the generalist supervisors were unable to provide appropriate feedback to their L2 interns, had lower expectations for their interns, and relied more heavily on others to provide them with support.