bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stochastic power curve for wind turbines with reduced variability using conditional copula
Authors: Bai Guanghan , Fleck Brian , Zuo Ming J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt has been observed that a large variability exists between wind speed and wind power in real metrological conditions. To reduce this substantial variability, this study developed a stochastic wind turbine power curve by incorporating various exogenous factors. Four measurements, namely, wind azimuth, wind elevation, air density and solar radiation are chosen as exogenous influence factors. A recursive formula based on conditional copulas is used to capture the complex dependency structure between wind speed and wind power with reduced variability. A procedure of selecting a proper form for each factor and its corresponding copula models is given. Through a case study on the small wind turbine located in southeast of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, we demonstrate that the variability can be reduced significantly by incorporating these influence factors. Wind turbine operators can apply the method reported in this study to construct a stochastic power curve for local wind farms and use it to achieve more accurate power forecasting and health condition monitoring of the turbine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revealing the impact of local access-site complications and upper extremity dysfunction post transradial percutaneous coronary procedures
Authors: Zwaan E.M. , Koopman A.G.M.M. , Holtzer C.A.J. , Zijlstra F. , Ritt M.J.P.F. , Amoroso G. , Moerman E. , Kofflard M.J.M. , IJsselmuiden A.A.J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Little is known about local access-site complications and upper extremity dysfunction after transradial percutaneous coronary procedures (TR-PCP). This systematic review study aimed to summarise the current knowledge on the incidences of access-site complications and upper extremity dysfunction after TR-PCP.

Methods
Two independent, trained investigators searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL for eligible studies published before 1 January 2015. Also, they hand-searched the conference proceedings of the annual scientific sessions of the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology, and the Trans-catheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies and clinical trials discussing the incidence of access-site complications and upper extremity function after transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TR-PCI) and/or transradial coronary angiography (TR-CAG) as endpoints.

Results
176 articles described access-site complications. The incidence is up to 9.6 %. Fourteen articles described upper extremity dysfunction, with an incidence of up to 1.7 %. Upper extremity dysfunction was rarely investigated, hardly ever as primary endpoint, and if investigated not thoroughly enough.

Conclusion
Upper extremity dysfunction in TR-PCP has never been properly investigated and is therefore underestimated. Further studies are needed to investigate the magnitude, prevention and best treatment of upper extremity dysfunction. Optimising TR-PCP might be achieved by using slender techniques, detection of upper extremity dysfunction and early referral to a hand rehabilitation centre.
Do Targeted Stipend Programs Reduce Gender and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Schooling Attainment? Insights From Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Behrman Julia Andrea 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Social investment in schooling in low-income countries has increased greatly in the 1990s and 2000s because of the robust associations among schooling and demographic, economic, and health outcomes. This analysis investigates whether targeted school-attendance stipend programs succeeded in reducing gender and socioeconomic inequalities in school attainment among a sample of the rural poor in Bangladesh. Multivariate analyses find that targeted stipend programs helped to reduce the gender attainment gap. Females had an increased probability of participating in stipend programs, and returns to stipend participation were significantly higher for females. However, stipend programs failed to reduce the relative achievement gap between children of different socioeconomic backgrounds: low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with a decreased probability of stipend participation, and stipend-related schooling gains for lower-SES females were matched by comparable gains for higher–SES females. Meanwhile, there was no significant association between stipend participation and schooling attainment for males.
The prevalence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among outpatient children in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Alaklobi F. , Aljobair F. , Alrashod A. , Alhababi R. , Alshamrani M. , Alamin W. , Lytvyn Lyubov , Alrouki F. , Mertz D. 
Published: October 2015

Background and objectives:
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among previously healthy persons in community settings, without exposure to health care facilities, has been noted recently. Colonization rates of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) have been reported to range from 0 to 9.2 percent. The nose and open skin areas are considered the most important sites for colonization. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and to describe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of CA-MRSA among outpatient children.

Patients and methods:
We prospectively screened every third consecutive child presenting to our pediatric emergency department of King Saud Medical City, a 275 bed tertiary care teach-ing hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from March through July 2015.

Results:
We analyzed a total of 830 screening results (n = 478 males, 57.6%). Most of the screened patients were from Riyadh (n = 824, 99.3%). A total of 164 (19.8%) were found to be colonized with S. aureus, and of these 38 (4.6%) with MRSA. Thus, the MRSA rate amongst all S. aureus carriers was 23.2%. All MRSA were susceptible to vancomycin, (94.7%) were suscep-tible to linezolid, (65.8%) to clindamycin, and (89.5%) to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusion:
The rate of MRSA carriage among children in Riyadh province was within the range reported internationally. As the MRSA rate among S. aureus infected children was 23.2%, empirical MRSA coverage should be considered in children with suspected S. aureus infections. Copyright © 2015, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (General Organization), Saudi Arabia. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
CT enterography in the evaluation of Crohn's disease
Authors: dos Santos Carlos Henrique Marques , da Silva Menezes Jovino Nogueira , Nunes Thiago Franchi , de Assis Martins Letícia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Proposition Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory process that affects various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus with unknown etiology and variable clinical presentation. CD diagnosis is based on clinical and complementary tests. Among the complementary tests, enterography with CT enterography has shown good results in the evaluation of this disease.
Methods The patients evaluated were submitted to a questionnaire on the clinical manifestations of the disease and an CT enterography was obtained. The studies were reviewed by an experienced radiologist looking for radiological signs of CD.
Results The mean age was 40 years, with a predominance of women. The main clinical manifestations are diarrhea in 24 (70%), hematochezia in 19 (55%), abdominal pain in 29 (85%) and weight loss in 22 (64%) patients. The main findings on CT enterography were an intestinal wall enhancement signal in 23 patients (67%), vascular engorgement (vasa recta) in 20 (58%), parenteral fat densification in 14 (41%), intestinal wall thickening in 22 (64%), and lymph node enlargement in 17 (50%) of patients.
Conclusion This study showed that CT enterography presents a good assessment of intestinal involvement by CD.
The dilemmas of organisational capacity
Authors: Anne Tiernan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
For 40 years public sector reformers have lamented the lack of ‘leadership skills’ in career bureaucracies. They have brought successive waves of change aimed at making the public service more efficient, agile and responsive. An extensive scholarly literature acknowledges the problematic nature of ‘leadership’ in a public sector context — the difficulties inherent to a model premised on responsibility and accountability being shared by elected and career officials. But these insights seem lost on politicians, whose efforts to exert greater control over career officials have brought a range of unintended consequences, mainly because management reforms do not recognise the primacy of politics, nor the stewardship obligations of public sector leaders. In this article, I argue that ambiguities in the roles, responsibilities and relationships between ministers and senior officials must be addressed as a prerequisite for reform. A reimagined partnership between elected and unelected officials is essential to improve policy capacity.
Organizational political capacity as learning
Authors: Dunlop Claire A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this article, we examine how agencies build organizational political capacities (OPC) for reputation management, where capacity building is treated as a challenge underpinned by the learning relationships that exist between key governance actors. This challenge requires the development of four types of OPC: absorptive capacity (ACAP); administrative capacity (ADCAP); analytical capacity (ANCAP) and communicative capacity (COMCAP). Analytically, we link each of these capacities to one particular type of policy learning — reflexive learning — which characterises politicised situations where an agencies reputation is under threat and citizens are the main governance partners. Empirically, we demonstrate how agencies learn to develop these OPCs with governance partners using the case of the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) which increasingly aims to engage citizens in a dialogue to combat the negative images attached to health and safety regulation. We conclude asking what a learning approach tells us about how agencies can develop OPC.
Legitimation capacity: System-level resources and political skills in public policy
Authors: Woo J J , Ramesh M , Howlett M 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper conceptualizes political competences at the system level of capabilities to function as “legitimation capacity” in a policy context. It identifies trust in the political, social, economic, and security spheres as the key element driving this capacity. Trust ensures that state actions and institutions are perceived as legitimate and receive public support, which in turn allows political skills to be exercised, preventing political or institutional decay and policy ineffectiveness. Conceptualization of legitimation capacity as comprising trust across political, social, economic, and security dimensions offers a useful framework for analyzing and estimating a government's capacity in different policy spheres. It provides a practical tool for estimating any deficiencies in legitimation capacity that a government may face. While governments may be endowed with different levels of legitimate capacity when they first attain office, they may over time work on building up capacity by focusing on the spheres in which they may be lacking. Conversely, they may lose legitimacy if their efforts in these areas are counter-productive.
Reflexivity and flexibility: Complementary routes to innovation?
Authors: Farnese Maria Luisa , Fida Roberta , Livi Stefano 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFlexibility and reflexivity are essential processes for organisational innovation. The aim of the paper is to investigate their concurrent and interactive contribution in enhancing two innovation outcomes (the organisational openness towards innovation and the actual innovation adoption). Participants were 357 Italian employees. Results of a hierarchical regression model showed the role of both factors in fostering the two innovation outcomes under study. In addition, results showed the complementary interaction of reflexivity and flexibility, outlining two possible routes to innovation. Specifically, reflexivity appears to be a generative learning process capable of encouraging innovation in low-flexibility conditions, whereas flexibility tends to encourage innovation in low-reflexivity conditions. The findings provide empirical support of their roles as complementary resources for innovation, which has been under-examined in the literature.
Fossils, homology, and “Phylogenetic Paleo-ontogeny”: a reassessment of primary posterior plate homologies among fossil and living crinoids with insights from developmental biology
Authors: Wright David F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPaleobiologists must propose a priori hypotheses of homology when conducting a phylogenetic analysis of extinct taxa. The distributions of such “primary” homologies among species are fundamental to phylogeny reconstruction because they reflect a prior belief in what constitutes comparable organismal elements and are the principal determinants of the outcome of phylogenetic analysis. Problems arise when fossil morphology presents seemingly equivocal hypotheses of homology, herein referred to as antinomies. In groups where homology recognition has been elusive, such as echinoderms, these problems are commonly accompanied by the presence (and persistence) of poor descriptive terminology in taxonomic literature that confounds an understanding of characters and stymy phylogenetic research. This paper combines fossil morphology, phylogenetic systematics, and insights from evolutionary developmental biology to outline a research program in Phylogenetic Paleo-ontogeny. A “paleo” ontogenetic approach to character analysis provides a logical basis for homology recognition and discerning patterns of character evolution in a phylogenetic context. To illustrate the utility of the paleo-ontogenetic approach, I present a reassessment of historically contentious plate homologies for “pan-cladid” crinoids (Cladida, Flexibilia, Articulata). Developmental patterns in living crinoids were combined with the fossil record of pan-cladid morphologies to investigate primary posterior plate homologies. Results suggest the sequence of morphologic transitions unfolding during the ontogeny of extant crinoids are developmental relics of their Paleozoic precursors. Developmental genetic modules controlling posterior plate development in pan-cladid crinoids have likely experienced considerable constraint for over 250 million years and limited morphologic diversity in the complexity of calyx characters. Future phylogenetic analyses of pan-cladids are recommended to consider the presence of a single plate in the posterior region homologous with the radianal, rather than the anal X, as is commonly assumed.
Mapping sclerobiosis: a new method for interpreting the distribution, biological implications, and paleoenvironmental significance of sclerobionts on biotic hosts
Authors: Barclay Kristina M. , Schneider Chris L. , Leighton Lindsey R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe use of sclerobiosis as a tool for paleoenvironmental and paleoecological research is undermined by a lack of comparable methods for sclerobiont data collection and analysis. We present a new method for mapping sclerobiont distributions across any host, and offer an example of how the method may be used to interpret sclerobiont data in relation to host orientation. This approach can also be used to assess the suitability of beds and fossil material for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.A sample of 150 encrusted dorsibiconvex atrypide brachiopods were selected from six beds in the Waterways Formation (latest Givetian – Early Frasnian; Alberta, Canada). The dorsal and ventral valves of each brachiopod were photographed. Sclerobiont taxa were mapped onto the photographs, and the maps were used to create stacked images with each of the 25 brachiopod specimens from each bed. Based on the life orientation of dorsibiconvex atrypides, three zones were designated on the host: the post mortem zone, (only available to sclerobionts after death and reorientation of the host); the shaded zone (brachial valve, excluding the post mortem zone); and the exposed zone (ventral valve).Randomization simulation results indicate that all beds likely exhibit non random encrustation patterns, and corroborate the hypotheses that: (1) much of the encrustation occurred while the hosts were alive, and (2) these beds and fossils have experienced little physical reworking or transport and would be suitable for paleoenvironmental analysis. Mapping sclerobionts across hosts can serve as a unifying method to increase the recognition and use of sclerobiosis in paleontological studies.
SELF-REPORTED MORBIDITY AND BURDEN OF DISEASE IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM A NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY AND THE MILLION DEATHS STUDY
Authors: Yadav Ajit Kumar , Gouda Jitendra , Ram F. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryUttar Pradesh is India’s most populous state with a population of 200 million. Any change in its fertility and mortality is bound to bring change at the national level. This study analysed the burden of disease in the state by calculating the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) for infectious and non-communicable diseases. Data were from two rounds (52ndand 60th) of the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) survey conducted in 1995–96 and 2004, respectively, and the Million Deaths Study (MDS) of 2001–03. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify the determinants of different types of self-reported morbidity and DALY. The results show that in Uttar Pradesh the prevalence of all selected self-reported infectious and non-communicable diseases increased over the study period from 1995 to 2004, and in most cases by more than two times. The highest observed increase in prevalence was in non-communicable diseases excluding CVDs, which increased from 7% in 1995 to 19% in 2004. The prevalence was higher for those aged 60 and above, females, those who were illiterate and rich across the time period and for all selected morbidities. The results were significant atp<0.001. The estimation of the DALY revealed that the burden of infectious diseases was higher during infancy, noticeably among males than females in 2002. However, females aged 1–5 years were more likely to report infectious diseases than corresponding males. The age distribution of the DALY indicated that individuals aged below 5 years and above 60 years were more susceptible to ill health. The growing incidence of non-communicable diseases, especially among the older generation, puts an additional burden on the health system in the state. Uttar Pradesh has to grapple with the unresolved problem of preventable infectious diseases on the one hand and the growth in non-communicable disease on the other.
Predicting non-familial major physical violent crime perpetration in the US Army from administrative data
Authors: Rosellini A. J. , Monahan J. , Street A. E. , Heeringa S. G. , Hill E. D. , Petukhova M. , Reis B. Y. , Sampson N. A. , Bliese P. , Schoenbaum M. , Stein M. B. , Ursano R. J. , Kessler R. C. 
Published: October 2015

Background.Although interventions exist to reduce violent crime, optimal implementation requires accurate targeting. We report the results of an attempt to develop an actuarial model using machine learning methods to predict future violent crimes among US Army soldiers.Method.A consolidated administrative database for all 975 057 soldiers in the US Army in 2004–2009 was created in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Of these soldiers, 5771 committed a first founded major physical violent crime (murder-manslaughter, kidnapping, aggravated arson, aggravated assault, robbery) over that time period. Temporally prior administrative records measuring socio-demographic, Army career, criminal justice, medical/pharmacy, and contextual variables were used to build an actuarial model for these crimes separately among men and women using machine learning methods (cross-validated stepwise regression, random forests, penalized regressions). The model was then validated in an independent 2011–2013 sample.Results.Key predictors were indicators of disadvantaged social/socioeconomic status, early career stage, prior crime, and mental disorder treatment. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.80–0.82 in 2004–2009 and 0.77 in the 2011–2013 validation sample. Of all administratively recorded crimes, 36.2–33.1% (male-female) were committed by the 5% of soldiers having the highest predicted risk in 2004–2009 and an even higher proportion (50.5%) in the 2011–2013 validation sample.Conclusions.Although these results suggest that the models could be used to target soldiers at high risk of violent crime perpetration for preventive interventions, final implementation decisions would require further validation and weighing of predicted effectiveness against intervention costs and competing risks.
Zonation of demersal fishes off Anvers Island, western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Amsler Margaret O. , Eastman Joseph T. , Smith Kathryn E. , Mcclintock James B. , Singh Hanumant , Thatje Sven , Aronson Richard B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Antarctic fish fauna from outer continental shelf/upper slope depths is under-sampled compared to that of the inner shelf, and there are limited quantitative data available on absolute abundance and taxonomic change with depth. A photographic survey of demersal fishes was conducted along a depth-gradient of 400–2099 m on the outer shelf and upper slope west of Anvers Island, Palmer Archipelago. A total of 1490 fishes were identified at least to the family level. Notothenioids composed 52.7% of absolute abundance and non-notothenioids 47.3%. The most abundant families were Nototheniidae (39.4%), followed by Macrouridae (28.9%), Zoarcidae (16.9%), and Channichthyidae (12.1%). The most abundant species were the notothenioidsLepidonotothen squamifrons(30.5%) andChionobathyscus dewitti(11.7%), and the non-notothenioidMacrourusspp. (29.5%). The absolute abundance of all fishes peaked at 400–599 m. Depths of maximum abundance were 400–599 m forL. squamifrons, 700–1499 m forMacrourusspp., and 900–1499 forC. dewitti. At 700–999 m the abundance shifted from primarily notothenioids to the non-notothenioidsMacrourusspp. and zoarcids. Fishes of the outer shelf and upper slope are not provincialized like those of the inner shelf and are circum-Antarctic.