bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation in a variant form of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: Second report
Authors: Nakahara Y. , Katagiri T. , Ogata N. , Haga N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare, congenital disorder caused by heterozygous mutation of the bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor ACVR1. Various forms of atypical FOP have recently been identified, and a novel mutation, ACVR1 (587T>C), was reported in 2011. We report on the second patient worldwide with ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation. A 22‐year‐old Japanese male with no family history of heterotopic ossification did not show any malformation of the great toes and showed normal development from birth to the age of 17 years, when heterotopic ossification appeared in the lumbar area. The clinical symptoms were similar to those reported previously: the delayed onset with a slower and mild clinical course and little finger camptodactyly. Gene analysis revealed that the patient was heterozygous for ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation, the same one as reported in 2011, suggesting a correlation between the location of the mutation and the clinical symptoms. This second report of ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation worldwide is particularly meaningful in that it highlights the difference between clinical symptoms of the first reported patient with ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation and those of classic FOP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covalently Coupled Immunostimulant Heterodimers
Authors: Mancini Rock J. , Tom Janine K. , Esser‐Kahn Aaron P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report increased stimulation of dendritic cells via heterodimers of immunostimulants formed at a discrete molecular distance. Many vaccines present spatially organized agonists to immune cell receptors. These receptors cluster suggesting that signaling is increased by spatial organization and receptor proximity, but this has not been directly tested for multiple, unique receptors. In this study we probe the spatial aspect of immune cell activation using heterodimers of two covalently attached immunostimulants.
How Strain Affects the Reactivity of Surface Metal Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Amakawa Kazuhiko , Sun Lili , Guo Chunsheng , Hävecker Michael , Kube Pierre , Wachs Israel E. , Lwin Soe , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Patlolla Anitha , Hermann Klaus , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHighly dispersed molybdenum oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA‐15 has been prepared by anion exchange resulting in a series of catalysts with changing Mo densities (0.2–2.5 Mo atoms nm−2). X‐ray absorption, UV/Vis, Raman, and IR spectroscopy indicate that doubly anchored tetrahedral dioxo MoO4 units are the major surface species at all loadings. Higher reducibility at loadings close to the monolayer measured by temperature‐programmed reduction and a steep increase in the catalytic activity observed in metathesis of propene and oxidative dehydrogenation of propane at 8 % of Mo loading are attributed to frustration of Mo oxide surface species and lateral interactions. Based on DFT calculations, NEXAFS spectra at the O‐K‐edge at high Mo loadings are explained by distorted MoO4 complexes. Limited availability of anchor silanol groups at high loadings forces the MoO4 groups to form more strained configurations. The occurrence of strain is linked to the increase in reactivity.
Observing High‐Pressure Chemistry in Graphene Bubbles
Authors: Lim Candy Haley Yi Xuan , Nesladek Milos , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing IR spectroscopy, high‐pressure reactions of molecules were observed in liquids entrapped by graphene nanobubbles formed at the graphene–diamond interface. Nanobubbles formed on graphene as a result of thermally induced bonding of its edges with diamond are highly impermeable, thus providing a good sealing of solvents within. Owing to the optical transparency of graphene and diamond, high‐pressure chemical reactions within the bubbles can be probed with vibrational spectroscopy. By monitoring the conformational changes of pressure‐sensitive molecules, the pressure within the nanobubble can be calibrated as a function of temperature and it is about 1 GPa at 600 K. The polymerization of buckministerfullerene (C60), which is symmetrically forbidden under ambient conditions, is observed to proceed in well‐defined stages in the pressurized nanobubbles.
Multiple conjugate electrospinning method for the preparation of continuous polyacrylonitrile nanofiber yarn
Authors: He Jianxin , Qi Kun , Zhou Yuman , Cui Shizhong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractContinuous polyacrylonitrile nanofiber yarns were fabricated by the homemade multiple conjugate electrospinning apparatus, and the principle of yarn spinning was studied. The effects of the applied voltage, flow rate, spinning distance, and funnel rotary speed on the diameter and mechanical properties of nanofiber yarn were analyzed. The diameter of the nanofibers decreased with increasing applied voltage and the flow rate ratio of the positive and negative needles (FP/FN), whereas the diameter of nanofibers increased with increasing overall flow rate and needle distance between the positive and negative. Subsequently, the diameter of the yarns increased first and then decreased with increasing applied voltage, FP/FN, and needle distance. However, the diameters of the yarns increased dramatically and then remained stable with increasing overall flow rate. The nanofibers were stably aggregated and continuously bundled and then uniformly twisted into nanofiber yarns at an applied voltage of 20 kV, an overall flow rate of 6.4 mL/h, a needle distance of 18.5 cm, and an FP/FN value of 5:3. With increasing funnel rotary speed, the diameters of the nanofibers and yarns decreased, whereas the twist angle of the nanofiber yarns gradually enlarged. Meanwhile, an increase in the twist angle brought about an improvement in the yarn mechanical properties. Nanofiber yarns that prepared showed diameters between 70 and 216 μm. Nanofiber yarns with a twist angle of 65° showed a tensile strength of 50.71 MPa and an elongation of 43.56% at break, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40137.
Solvent diffusion in silica/poly[styrene‐co‐(acrylic acid)] core‐shell microspheres by pulsed field gradient NMR techniques
Authors: Jiang Binbo , Yang Yong , Du Lijun , Mattea Carlos , Wang Jingdai , Stapf Siegfried , Yang Yongrong 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPolymer‐coated SiO2 particles are prepared by precipitation of poly[styrene‐co‐(acrylic acid)] on SiO2 microspheres through an improved phase inversion method. The diffusion resistance of the polymer membrane was considered to be the critical reason for producing tailor‐made polyethylene by catalysts supported on these polymer‐coated particles. This paper employs pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG‐NMR) to distinguish diffusion of n‐hexane in different regimes, i.e., in the space between each particle, the pores in SiO2 and the polymer shell, by their respective diffusion coefficients. By varying the observation time, the time scale of the molecular exchange is discussed. A three‐region ansatz was used to interpret the exchange and diffusion in polymer‐coated SiO2 system, and was compared with results acquired with noncoated particles. At long diffusion times, the mean‐squared displacement, and thus the averaged self‐diffusion coefficient, of hexane in the system of polymer‐coated SiO2 particles is significantly reduced. The PSA membrane is identified as an efficient barrier against molecular exchange between the pores in SiO2 and the intraparticle space. Consistently, the relaxation measurements indicated that the mobility of n‐hexane molecules, especially the rotation of n‐hexane, was limited by the PSA membrane. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40160.
Surface activity of pepsin‐solubilized collagen acylated by lauroyl chloride along with succinic anhydride
Authors: Li Conghu , Liu Wentao , Duan Lian , Tian Zhenhua , Li Guoying 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe surface activity of pepsin‐solubilized type I collagen acylated by lauroyl chloride and succinic anhydride was investigated in this article. Compared with native collagen, acylated collagen exhibited better surface activity such as oil absorption capacity, emulsion activity and stability, foam expansion, and foam stability but presented lower water absorption capacity. Acylated collagen also had higher emulsion activity and stability than Tween 80, whereas Tween 80 displayed higher foam expansion and stability than acylated collagen. After acylation, the surface tension of collagen decreased with the storage time increased, the hydrophobicity and the wetting power increased with the increase of the concentration. Meanwhile, the emulsion activity and stability of acylated collagen decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration ranging from 20 to 100 mmol/L. Under neutral pH value, acylated collagen reached higher emulsion activity and stability at acylated collagen concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and lower temperature (<35°C). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40174.
Facile Solvothermal Synthesis of Mesostructured Fe3O4/Chitosan Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for pH‐Responsive Drug Delivery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Zhao Guanghui , Wang Jianzhi , Peng Xiaomen , Li Yanfeng , Yuan Xuemei , Ma Yingxia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report a facile fabrication of a host–metal–guest coordination‐bonding system in a mesostructured Fe3O4/chitosan nanoparticle that can act as a pH‐responsive drug‐delivery system. The mesostructured Fe3O4/chitosan was synthesized by a solvothermal approach with iron(III) chloride hexahydrate as a precursor, ethylene glycol as a reducing agent, ammonium acetate as a porogen, and chitosan as a surface‐modification agent. Subsequently, doxorubicin (DOX), acting as a model drug (guest), was loaded onto the mesostructured Fe3O4/chitosan nanoparticles, with chitosan acting as a host molecule to form the NH2ZnIIDOX coordination architecture. The release of DOX can be achieved through the cleavage of coordination bonds that are sensitive to variations in external pH under weakly acidic conditions. The pH‐responsive nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed by in vitro releases and cell assay tests. Furthermore, the relaxation efficiency of the nanoparticles as high‐performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents was also investigated. Experimental results confirm that the synthesized mesostructured Fe3O4/chitosan is a smart nanovehicle for drug delivery owing to both its pH‐responsive nature and relaxation efficiency.
Electrochemical Properties of Hollow‐Structured MnS–Carbon Nanocomposite Powders Prepared by a One‐Pot Spray Pyrolysis Process
Authors: Lee Su Min , Lee Jung‐Kul , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpherical, hollow MnSC composite powders were prepared from a solution of manganese salt, thiourea, and sucrose by one‐pot spray pyrolysis. The MnSC composite powders were generated by direct sulfidation of MnO with hydrogen sulfide gas generated in situ by decomposition of thiourea during spray pyrolysis. Sucrose, which is used as a carbon source material, plays a key role in the formation of the MnSC composite powders by improving the reducing atmosphere around the powders. Dot‐mapping images of the composite powders demonstrated uniform distribution of the manganese, sulfur, and carbon components within the MnSC composite powder. Fine crystals of MnS were uniformly mixed with carbon derived from polymerization and carbonization of sucrose. The carbon content of the MnSC composite powders was 26 wt %. The discharge capacities of the MnSC composite powders in the 2nd and 200th cycles were 863 and 967 mA h g−1, respectively, at a current density of 1000 mA g−1. The spherical and hollow morphology of the MnSC composite powders was completely retained, even after 200 cycles. The enhanced cycling and rate performance of the MnSC composite powders is ascribed to the structural stability of the composite powders.
Minimally invasive and surgical management strategies tailored to the severity of acute diverticulitis
Authors: McDermott F D , Collins D , Heeney A , Winter D C 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The severity of acute diverticulitis ranges from mild, simple inflammation to pericolic abscesses, or perforation with faeculent peritonitis. Treatment of diverticulitis has evolved towards more conservative and minimally invasive strategies. The aim of this review is to highlight recent concepts and advances in management.

Methods
A literature review was performed on the electronic databases MEDLINE from PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for publications in English. The keywords ‘diverticulitis’, ‘diverticular’ were searched for the past decade (to September 2013).

Results
Diverticulitis occurs frequently in the Western world, but only one in five patients develops complications (such as abscess and perforation) during the first acute presentation. The reported perforation rate is 3·5 per 100 000 population. Based on recent data, including the AVOD and DIVER trials, antibiotic therapy for mild episodes may be unnecessary and outpatient management reasonable in most patients. Antibiotics and admission to hospital is required for complicated diverticulitis confirmed on imaging and for patients with sepsis. Diverticular abscesses (about 5 per cent of patients) may require percutaneous drainage if antibiotics alone fail. Laparoscopic management of non-faecal perforated diverticulitis is feasible in selected patients, and peritoneal lavage in combination with antibiotic therapy may avoid colonic resection and a stoma. However, the collective, published worldwide experience is limited to fewer than 800 patients, and results from ongoing randomized trials (LapLAND, SCANDIV, DILALA and LADIES trials) are needed to inform better decision-making.

Conclusion
The treatment of diverticulitis continues to evolve with a trend towards a more conservative and minimally invasive management approach. Judicious use of antibiotics in uncomplicated cases, greater application of laparoscopic techniques, and primary resection and anastomosis are of benefit in selected patients.
Inquiry into chemotherapy‐induced p53 activation in cancer cells as a model for teaching signal transduction
Authors: Srougi Melissa C. , Carson Susan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntracellular and extracellular communication is conducted through an intricate and interwoven network of signal transduction pathways. The mechanisms for how cells speak with one another are of significant biological importance to both basic and industrial scientists from a number of different disciplines. We have therefore developed and implemented a new laboratory‐intensive course that teaches students the theory and techniques used to study cell signaling pathways. Students learn these methodologies as they conduct a hypothesis‐driven research project where they elucidate the mechanism of breast cancer cell death caused by a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. While each lab experiment can be conducted independently, the findings build upon one another to form the beginnings of a signaling pathway. In the lecture component of the course, students investigate different signaling pathways and the methods employed to study them. In addition, students actively participate in journal article discussions where they assess the primary scientific literature. We evaluated the course over two semesters and found that in both semesters learning outcomes were met by both undergraduate and graduate students. The evaluation of the course was based on a number of instructor assessments of student work, including lab reports, experimental results, journal article discussions, and a final cumulative exam. Furthermore, students' self‐assessments revealed gains in perceived confidence in both conceptual knowledge and technical skills © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41(6):419–432, 2013
Extended Producer Responsibility and the Evolution of Sustainable Specializations: Evidences From the e‐Waste Sector
Authors: Corsini Filippo , Rizzi Francesco , Gusmerotti Natalia Marzia , Frey Marco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExtended producer responsibility (EPR) is an environmental policy approach that could potentially have a positive impact on different determinants of the business environment, including scientific production. Despite that, direct and indirect impacts on those national research environments where EPR is not directly implemented are under‐represented in the current literature. Based on a dataset of 411 papers related to e‐waste published in the period between 2001 and 2011, our study explores the research dynamics of the e‐waste literature and presents a map of the main areas of interest. Two representations of the geographical time frames of research depict the on‐going reshaping of worldwide technical specializations and inform policy makers on the evolution of regional needs and competences. The conclusions highlight the importance of worldwide impact assessments of EPR in order to achieve both industrial and environmental goals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
‘Drugs and Relationships Don't Work’: Children's and Young People's Views of Substance Use and Intimate Relationships
Authors: Galvani Sarah 
Published: November 2013

Responding effectively to children and young people's (CYP's) needs in relation to the overlapping issues of parental substance use (alcohol and other drugs) and domestic abuse requires an understanding of their perspectives and experiences. This study set out to explore the views of CYP on the impact of substance use on violent and abusive behaviours within intimate relationships in order to inform practice and policy development. Fourteen young people attended focus groups at three different specialist substance use support services for families in England. The results showed clear ambivalence about alcohol use in particular and its impact on violent and abusive behaviours. They did not blame substances for subsequent violent or abusive behaviour overall, however, the quantities and type of substances used were considered key to such behaviour. Most importantly, the CYP reported that getting help with substance problems does not automatically improve relationships, indeed, there are situations when pressure to change substance use can make relationships worse. The implications for social care practice are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Clear ambivalence about alcohol use in particular and its impact on violent and abusive behaviours’Key Practitioner Messages

CYP need clear and factual messages about the relationship between substance use and violent and abusive behaviours, particularly messages about the quantity and types of substance. This requires practitioners to be confident in their knowledge and have accurate and age‐appropriate information to give to CYP.
Practitioners need to ask CYP about their experiences of the impact of substance use on the family and the relationships within it. It is possible that relationships were abusive and/or the parenting was not ‘good enough’ before the substance use and will not improve in its absence.
The CYP highlighted how relationships face different pressures at different times in the process of changing substance use behaviour. CYP need to be supported and consulted throughout.
‘Relationships face different pressures at different times in the process of changing substance use behaviour’
Quality of life benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic occlusions
Authors: Safley David M. , Grantham J. Aaron , Hatch Jason , Jones Philip G. , Spertus John A. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesWe aimed to compare quality of life benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTO) with non‐CTO PCI.BackgroundData quantifying the benefits of PCI of CTO are inconsistent.MethodsWe leveraged a 10‐center prospective PCI registry including Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) assessment at the time of PCI and in follow‐up. We propensity matched attempted CTO PCIs with up to 10 non‐CTO PCIs. The primary analysis compared changes between baseline and 6 months in SAQ Physical Limitation (PL), Quality of Life (QoL); Angina Frequency (AF) scores as well as the Rose Dyspnea scores (RDS) and the EQ5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Noninferiority was assessed for quality of life changes between CTO and non‐CTO PCI.ResultsIn 3,303 patients enrolled, 167 single‐vessel CTOs were attempted; 147 (88%) were matched with 1,616 non‐CTO PCI. Baseline PL (73.0 vs. 77.4, P = 0.039) and VAS (66.4 vs. 70.8, P = 0.005) scores were lower for CTO. There was no difference in AF, QoL, or RDS scores. At 6‐month follow‐up, all SAQ scores improved (P < 0.05 vs. baseline for all) and were equivalent for CTO and Non‐CTO (P = NS for all). VAS scores remained lower for CTO, but improved in both groups (P < 0.05 vs. baseline for both). Formal noninferiority testing demonstrated that CTO PCI was not inferior to non‐CTO PCI (P ≤ 0.02 for all).ConclusionsSymptoms, function, QoL, and dyspnea improve to the same degree following CTO PCI as compared with non‐CTO PCI. Symptom relief supports CTO PCI to improve patients' quality of life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tethering for Selective Synthesis of 2,2′‐Biphenols: The Acetal Method
Authors: Masters Kye‐Simeon , Bihlmeier Angela , Klopper Wim , Bräse Stefan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract2,2'‐Biphenols are a large and diverse group of compounds with exceptional properties both as ligands and bioactive agents. Traditional methods for their synthesis by oxidative dimerisation are often problematic and lead to mixtures of ortho‐ and para‐connected regioisomers. To compound these issues, an intermolecular dimerisation strategy is often inappropriate for the synthesis of heterodimers. The ‘acetal method’ provides a solution for these problems: stepwise tethering of two monomeric phenols enables heterodimer synthesis, enforces ortho regioselectivity and allows relatively facile and selective intramolecular reactions to take place. The resulting dibenzo[1,3]dioxepines have been analysed by quantum chemical calculations to obtain information about the activation barrier for ring flip between the enantiomers. Hydrolytic removal of the dioxepine acetal unit revealed the 2,2′‐biphenol target.
The Significance of Water Electrolysis in Times of the German “Energiewende”
Authors: Wendt Harmut , Vogel G. Herbert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn Zeiten der Energiewende erlangen chemische Speichertechnologien eine zunehmende Bedeutung, da so überschüssiger Wind‐ und Solarstrom in größeren Mengen in Form von Wasserstoff gespeichert werden kann. Der durch Wasserelektrolyse erzeugte Wasserstoff kann direkt via Drucktanks, Verflüssigung sowie physikalischer oder chemischer Adsorption zwischengespeichert und anschließend wieder rückverstromt werden. Alternativ kann er zu Methan oder Diesel umgewandelt werden. Dieser Beitrag soll einen kurzen Überblick über den derzeitigen Stand der Wasserelektrolyse geben, die im Rahmen der Energiewende eine Schlüsseltechnologie darstellt.
Recovery of Metals from Tantalum Capacitors with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Spitczok von Brisinski Lena , Goldmann Daniel , Endres Frank 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIonic liquids can be applied to recover tantalum capacitors from scrap printed circuit boards. Dissolution experiments with epoxy covered through‐hole tantalum capacitors in Lewis acidic mixtures of dialkylimidazolium halides and aluminum trichloride show that all parts, except the tantalum anode, are dissolved in the ionic liquid. This comprises MnO2 from the capacitor's electrolyte as well as tin and silver from the metallic contacts. The latter ones can be directly recovered from the solution by electrodeposition. The tantalum anode is mechanically separated and suitable for further metallurgical processing.