bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Self‐Sampling and Future Screening Preferences in Non‐Attenders Who Returned an HPV Vaginal Self‐Sample in the YouScreen Study: Findings From a Cross‐Sectional Questionnaire
Authors: Drysdale Hannah , Marlow Laura A. V. , Lim Anita , Waller Jo 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe assessed experiences of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaginal self‐sampling and future screening preferences in an ethnically and socio‐economically diverse group of women overdue for cervical screening.Setting and ParticipantsA postal questionnaire was embedded in the YouScreen self‐sampling trial in England: 32.5% (2712/8338) of kit completers returned the survey. Kit non‐completers were encouraged to return a questionnaire, but no responses were received. Participants were ethnically diverse (40.3% came from ethnic minority backgrounds), and 59.1% came from the two most deprived quintiles. Differences in confidence in kit completion, trust in the test results and intention to attend a follow‐up test if HPV‐positive were evaluated using Pearson's χ2 analyses. Binary logistic regression models explored predictors of a future screening choice and preferences for urine versus vaginal self‐sampling.ResultsMost kit‐completers reported high confidence in self‐sampling (82.6%) and high trust in the results (79.9%), but experiences varied by ethnicity and screening status. Most free‐text comments were positive but some reported difficulties using the device, pain or discomfort. Most women would opt for self‐sampling in the future (71.3% vs. 10.4% for a clinician‐taken test) and it was more often preferred by ethnic minority groups, overdue screeners and never attenders. Urine self‐tests were preferred to vaginal tests (41.9% vs. 15.4%), especially among women from Asian, Black or Other Ethnic backgrounds.ConclusionsKit‐completers were confident, found the test easy to complete, and trusted the self‐sample results. However, experiences varied by ethnic group and some women highlighted difficulties with the kit. Most women would prefer self‐sampling in the future, but it was not a universal preference, so offering a choice will be important.Patient or Public ContributionWe did not have direct patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in the questionnaire design. However, patients and public representatives did input into the design of the YouScreen trial and reviewed the wider study materials (e.g. participant information sheet).Trial RegistrationThis questionnaire study was embedded in the YouScreen trial. The protocol for the YouScreen trial is available at https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12759467. The National Institute for Health Research 43 Clinical Research Network (NIHR CRN) Central Portfolio Management System (CPMS) ID is 4441934.
Perceptions of the Impact of Comorbidity on the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme: Qualitative Study With Bowel Screening Participants and Staff
Authors: Price Delyth , Brain Katherine , Dolwani Sunil , Edwards Adrian , Hood Kerenza , Smits Stephanie 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe impact of multiple health conditions on bowel cancer screening is currently unknown. We explored the impact of multiple health conditions on bowel cancer screening perceptions, experience and clinical management decisions following a positive stool test.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted remotely with Bowel Screening Wales staff (n = 16) stratified by regional location and role and with screening participants (n = 19) stratified by age, gender and comorbidity. Interview topics were guided by the Common‐Sense Model.ResultsScreening participants, regardless of comorbidity status, placed great emphasis on the importance of early detection of cancer and completing the bowel screening process. Screening staff emphasised comorbidities in the clinical decision‐making process; however, screening participants had low awareness of the impact that comorbidities can have on bowel screening. Participants describe how the presence of multiple health conditions can mask potential bowel symptoms and influence beliefs about follow‐up.ConclusionBowel screening staff try to individualise the service to meet participant needs. The potential mismatch in screening staff and participant awareness and expectations of the bowel screening and diagnostic process needs to be addressed. Clearer and more regular communication with screening participants could support the screening process, particularly for those with significant coexisting health conditions or facing time delays. The possible masking effects and misattribution of symptoms because of comorbidities highlight an opportunity for education and raising awareness for screening participants and a potential area of focus for discussions in clinical consultations and staff training.Patient and Public ContributionProject funding included costs for patients and public contributors to be compensated for their contributions to the project, in line with current standards. A patient and public contributor was involved in the design of the study, including protocol development, and the interpretation of key findings and implications for patients, which are subsequently reflected within the manuscript.
PAINTING HISTORY: PICTURE, WITNESS, AND ANCIENT HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: DE BOER LUUK 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis article treats an analogy that is used persistently in the history of historiography: the equation of historiography with painting and the identification of the historiographer with the painter. In examining the conceptual stakes of this (auto)identification, the article mobilizes the analogy in order to explore larger issues of historical theory and, through the prism of historical painting, reflects on the problem of representation and narrativist approaches to history as text. The article argues that the historiographic desire surfacing in a comparison with painting does not concern painting's ability to capture the past; rather, it concerns its ability to capture the viewer. Opening with a brief survey of the ut pictura historia analogy in the history of historiography, the article makes this claim by analyzing historiographical engagements with the analogy in antiquity (turning to Herodotus and Polybius) and by exploring ancient history painting itself (offering pride of place to the Alexander Mosaic). In thus engaging with the theory of historiography via concrete historical material, the article leverages a historical episode of interaction between textual media and visual media to find that they are structured by the same simple desire that continues to exert its force today: the desire to see for oneself.
Integrating functional metagenomics to decipher microbiome–immune interactions
Authors: Sardar Puspendu , Almeida Alexandre , Pedicord Virginia A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrobial metabolites can be viewed as the cytokines of the microbiome, transmitting information about the microbial and metabolic environment of the gut to orchestrate and modulate local and systemic immune responses. Still, many immunology studies focus solely on the taxonomy and community structure of the gut microbiota rather than its functions. Early sequencing‐based microbiota profiling approaches relied on PCR amplification of small regions of bacterial and fungal genomes to facilitate identification of the microbes present. However, recent microbiome analysis methods, particularly shotgun metagenomic sequencing, now enable culture‐independent profiling of microbiome functions and metabolites in addition to taxonomic characterization. In this review, we showcase recent advances in functional metagenomics methods and applications and discuss the current limitations and potential avenues for future development. Importantly, we highlight a few examples of key areas of opportunity in immunology research where integrating functional metagenomic analyses of the microbiome can substantially enhance a mechanistic understanding of microbiome–immune interactions and their contributions to health and disease states.
Who are we missing? Language exclusivity of patient‐reported outcomes in atrial fibrillation clinical trials
Authors: Lan Roy H. , Guerrero Eduardo Perez , Lewis Eldrin F. , Wang Paul J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used to evaluate quality of life (QoL) in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients, providing crucial insights in clinical trials. This study examines the frequency of PRO use in AF trials and the linguistic accessibility of AF‐specific PROs.BackgroundAs the United States becomes more multilingual, ensuring PROs are available in various languages is vital. The number of people speaking a language other than English at home has tripled from 23.1 million in 1980 to 67.8 million in 2019. This diversity necessitates the availability of PROs in multiple languages for inclusive clinical assessments.MethodsWe queried ClinicalTrials.gov for all US interventional AF trials up to November 28, 2023, reviewing each for PRO usage as primary or secondary outcomes. We identified the five most common AF‐specific and generic PROs, extracting their available translations and original languages from published sources.ResultsOf 233 identified trials, 191 had associated publications, with 180 (94.2%) conducted solely in English. Only one trial (0.4%) used an AF‐specific PRO as a primary outcome, compared to four (1.7%) with a generic PRO. Ten trials (4.3%) used AF‐specific PROs as secondary endpoints, versus 22 (9.4%) using generic PROs. AF‐specific PROs had significantly fewer translations than generic PROs (11.2 vs. 148.8; p < .001). The AF Effect on Quality‐of‐Life (AFEQT) was available in 24 languages, with limited translations in commonly spoken US languages like Arabic and Asian languages.ConclusionThe limited availability of AF‐specific PRO translations highlights a barrier to inclusive AF clinical trials. Expanding translations for AF‐specific PROs is crucial for equitable QoL assessments.
An EU Sustainable Migration: Institutional Discourse and Migration Politics
Authors: Loxa Alezini 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom 2015 to 2016 onwards, migration has been subjected to intense political contestation within EU Member States. In this context, sustainable migration has become the new overarching objective of the Commission. Despite the various references to sustainable migration, a closer investigation of EU migration law and policy does not provide a coherent picture of the legal implications of this concept. This article examines the links between sustainability and migration in EU law and policy and suggests that sustainable migration should be perceived as a political concept that was central for EU migration politics following the so‐called migration crisis. Sustainable migration is a powerful tool at the hands of the Commission and has been used to forge consensus between Member States that might profoundly disagree on the future of EU migration. At the same time, the concept offers little guidance in terms of legal obligations for the protection of migrants.
Nurses' knowledge of medical device‐related pressure injuries and risk factors: A descriptive study at a large medical centre from Palestine
Authors: Omar Worod , Asrawi Isam , Awad Mahmoud , Zaitoun Rasha S. Abu , Sakhleh Israa R. , Hayek Mohammed F. , Said Nizar B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNurses' knowledge of pressure injuries causes and risk factors helps to prevent their occurrences and protect the patient.AimTo assess the level of knowledge of medical device‐related pressure injuries and to identify risk factors that affect the knowledge.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used in this study considering a convenience sample from critical care nurses. The nurses were invited to complete the Medical Device‐Related Pressure Injuries Knowledge Questionnaire.ResultsAbout 71 nurses participated in the study. The mean score of MDRPI_KQ was 23.28 ± 4.14 out of 36. Mann–Whitney Test did not show statistically significant relationships between the MDRPI_KQ mean score and related variables (p > 0.05). The regression results indicated that the three predictors explained 46.4% of the variance (R2 = 0.215, F(3, 6.114) = 3.75, p = 0.001). It was found that the Frequency of encountering a patient with MDRPIs significantly predicted MDRPI_KQ score, job position, and assuming the care responsibility for MDRPIs in the department.ConclusionsPoor knowledge of pressure injuries can negatively affect patient care so training programs and policies should be developed based on the level of knowledge and practices of the staff to be more effective.
Functional stress responses in Glaucophyta: Evidence of ethylene and abscisic acid functions in Cyanophora paradoxa
Authors: Genot Baptiste , Grogan Margaret , Yost Matthew , Iacono Gabriella , Archer Stephen D. , Burns John A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlaucophytes, an enigmatic group of freshwater algae, occupy a pivotal position within the Archaeplastida, providing insights into the early evolutionary history of plastids and their host cells. These algae possess unique plastids, known as cyanelles that retain certain ancestral features, enabling a better understanding of the plastid transition from cyanobacteria. In this study, we investigated the role of ethylene, a potent hormone used by land plants to coordinate stress responses, in the glaucophyte alga Cyanophora paradoxa. We demonstrate that C. paradoxa produces gaseous ethylene when supplied with exogenous 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), the ethylene precursor in land plants. In addition, we show that cells produce ethylene natively in response to abiotic stress, and that another plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), interferes with ethylene synthesis from exogenously supplied ACC, while positively regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. ROS synthesis also occurred following abiotic stress and ACC treatment, possibly acting as a second messenger in stress responses. A physiological response of C. paradoxa to ACC treatment is growth inhibition. Using transcriptomics, we reveal that ACC treatment induces the upregulation of senescence‐associated proteases, consistent with the observation of growth inhibition. This is the first report of hormone usage in a glaucophyte alga, extending our understanding of hormone‐mediated stress response coordination into the Glaucophyta, with implications for the evolution of signaling modalities across Archaeplastida.
Greenhouse gas emissions of school lunches provided for children attending school nurseries: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wall Claire J. , Pearce Jo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSchools and early years settings provide an opportunity to promote healthy and sustainable food, but standards and guidance in England focus predominantly on nutritional quality. The present study estimated greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of school lunches provided for children attending school nurseries, including comparison between meal options.MethodsMenus, recipes and portion weights for lunches provided for 3–4‐year‐old children attending nine school nurseries were collected daily for one week. GHGE for each food and recipe were calculated using Foodprint functionality of Nutritics software. GHGE were calculated for each menu option (main, vegetarian, jacket potato and sandwich) provided in each school, and for meals with and without meat/fish.ResultsIn total, 161 lunches including 273 foods were analysed. Median GHGE across all meals was 0.53 kgCO2e (i.e. kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent) per portion, with significantly higher GHGE associated with main meals (0.71 kgCO2e per portion) compared to all other meal types (0.43–0.50 kgCO2e per portion; p < 0.001) which remained after adjustment for meal size and energy density. Red meat‐based meals were highest in GHGE (median 0.98 kgCO2e per portion and 0.34 kgCO2e per 100 g) and meals containing any meat/fish were significantly higher in GHGE (median 0.58 kgCO2e per portion) than vegetarian meals (median 0.49 kgCO2e per portion) (p = 0.014). Meals with higher adherence to the nutrient framework underpinning the early years guidelines had significantly higher GHGE than meals with lower adherence (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results were comparable to previous estimates of school lunch GHGE and highlight variation by meal option. Consideration of GHGE alongside the nutritional quality of lunches by caterers could support provision of healthy and sustainable lunches.
Oral size perception and texture preferences for particle‐containing foods in children aged 5–12
Authors: Chow Ching Yue , Bech Anne C. , Olsen Annemarie , Keast Russell , Russell Catherine G. , Bredie Wender L. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFoods containing bits and pieces are often less liked by children; however, there is a limited understanding of how perceptions and preferences for foods with particles change during childhood. This study aimed to investigate preferences and perceptions of particle‐containing foods in children aged 5–12 years. Children (n = 485) completed a forced‐choice questionnaire on drawings of six pairs of foods, each available with or without particles. Additionally, children tasted yogurts added with muesli differing in particle size (median diameter: 3.9 or 7.5 mm) and evaluated their perception of particle size in mouth and their liking. The questionnaire results showed that children had a clear preference for foods without particles. The average probability of choosing the ‘with‐particle’ foods was 28%, significantly below the midpoint of 50% (p < .0001). Preferences for particle‐containing foods were lowest at age six and increased significantly with age (p = .0007). In the taste test, muesli particle size affected oral size perception (p < .0001) but not liking (p = .60). Older children were better able to differentiate particle size than younger children. However, there was no relationship between individual preferences for particle‐containing foods and oral size perception of muesli particles. The observation that children's texture preferences changed with age highlights the role of increased experience in shaping preferences for foods with particles.
Which components of behavioral weight management programs are essential for weight loss in people living with obesity? A rapid review of systematic reviews
Authors: Hawkins Lily K. , Burns Lorna , Swancutt Dawn , Moghadam Shokraneh , Pinkney Jonathan , Tarrant Mark ,   The PROGROUP Programme Team
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe optimal treatment and organization of care for people with obesity is one of the greatest challenges facing today's health services. While surgery and pharmacotherapy offer effective treatment options for some people with obesity, behavioral interventions are important to support long‐term behavioral change. However, little is known about the most effective components of behavioral interventions, and this is especially the case for people with complex or severe obesity (i.e. body mass index [BMI] > 35 kg/m2). Accordingly, the current rapid review aimed to identify which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are effective for weight loss in adults with (severe) obesity. A secondary aim was to review the effects of BCTs on dietary behaviors and physical activity, and psychological outcomes, recognizing that behavioral interventions commonly target these. A search of Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science resulted in 1227 results, with 22 reviews eligible for inclusion. The most commonly reported BCTs were self‐monitoring and goal setting, but these had variable effects on weight in adults with obesity. Combining these BCTs with other self‐regulatory techniques led to increased weight loss. Further, for adults with severe obesity, so‐called ‘nudge’ techniques and self‐regulatory techniques were associated with greater weight loss. Three reviews also found that while self‐monitoring increased physical activity, behavioral commitments increased changes to dietary behaviors. BCTs were not associated with psychological well‐being. The review confirms that behavioral interventions have an impact in weight management, including for individuals with more complex or severe obesity, but highlights the need for further investigation of their use within clinical settings.
Quantitative Analysis of Primary Compressive Trabeculae Distribution in the Proximal Femur of the Elderly
Authors: Xu Cheng , Li Hang , Zhang Chao , Ge Feng , He Qing , Chen Hua , Zhang Licheng , Bai Xuedong 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveAs osteoporosis progresses, the primary compressive trabeculae (PCT) in the proximal femur remains preserved and is deemed the principal load‐bearing structure that links the femoral head with the femoral neck. This study aims to elucidate the distribution patterns of PCT within the proximal femur in the elderly population, and to assess its implications for the development and optimization of internal fixation devices used in hip fracture surgeries.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study conducted from March 2022 to April 2023. A total of 125 patients who underwent bilateral hip joint CT scans in our hospital were enrolled. CT data of the unaffected side of the hip were analyzed. Key parameters regarding the PCT distribution in the proximal femur were measured, including the femoral head's radius (R), the neck‐shaft angle (NSA), the angle between the PCT‐axis and the head–neck axis (α), the distance from the femoral head center to the PCT‐axis (δ), and the lengths of the PCT's bottom and top boundaries (L‐bottom and L‐top respectively). The impact of gender differences on PCT distribution patterns was also investigated. Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between genders. The relationship between various variables was investigated through Pearson's correlation analysis.ResultsPCT was the most prominent bone structure within the femoral head. The average NSA, α, and δ were 126.85 ± 5.85°, 37.33 ± 4.23°, and 0.39 ± 1.22 mm, respectively, showing no significant gender differences (p > 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between α and NSA (r = −0.689, p < 0.001), and R and L‐top (r = 0.623, p < 0.001), with mild correlations observed between δ and NSA (r = −0.487, p < 0.001), and R and L‐bottom (r = 0.427, p < 0.001). Importantly, our study establishes a method to accurately localize PCT distribution in true anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the hip joint, facilitating precise screw placement in proximal femur fixation procedures.ConclusionOur study provided unprecedented insights into the distribution patterns of PCT in the proximal femur of the elderly population. The distribution of PCT in the proximal femur is predominantly influenced by anatomical and geometric factors, such as NSA and femoral head size, rather than demographic factors like gender. These insights have crucial implications for the design of internal fixation devices and surgical planning, offering objective guidance for the placement of screws in hip fracture treatments.