bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoindentation Characterization of the Hardness of Zirconia Dental Ceramics
Authors: Shao Longquan , Jiang Danyu , Gong Jianghong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHardness characterization is a key issue for the evaluation of the resistance to contact damage of dental materials. In this study, nanoindentation tests were conducted on four commercial zirconia dental ceramics. For each material, the measured nanohardness exhibits significant indentation size effect, i.e., the measured hardness decreases with increasing peak load. The so‐called load‐independent nanohardness was determined based on a second‐order polynomial analysis of the variation of the contact depth with the peak load. Finally, a brief discussion was conducted on the reliability and the applicability of the determined load‐independent nanohardness.
Who Pays for Work‐Related Traumatic Injuries? Payer Distribution in Washington State by Ethnicity, Injury Severity, and Year (1998–2008)
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Bowman Stephen M. , Adams Darrin , Silverstein Barbara A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcute work‐related trauma is a leading cause of death and disability for U.S. workers but it is difficult to obtain information about injured workers not covered by workers' compensation (WC). This study aimed to: (1) describe trends in expected payer and linkage to WC claims, (2) compare characteristics of injured workers who did and did not have a linked WC claim, and (3) describe variation in expected payer and linkage to WC claims by ethnicity and injury severity.MethodsData for injuries occurring from 1998 through 2008 were obtained from the Washington State Trauma Registry and linked to WC claims.ResultsWe found that 27% of work‐related traumatic injuries did not have WC listed as a payer, while 37% did not link to a WC claim. Among those with WC listed as a payer, the odds of having a linked WC claim were 57% lower for workers with other non‐WC insurance compared with the otherwise uninsured. Latinos were more likely to have a linked WC claim compared with non‐Latinos, but there was no significant difference after partially controlling for WC‐covered employment and other insurance.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the importance of considering differential access to other insurance coverage and adaptation by health care settings to financial pressures when assessing trends in occupational injury incidence and reporting, especially when using WC as a proxy for work‐relatedness. The addition of occupation, industry, and work status to trauma registries and hospital discharge databases would improve surveillance, research, policy and prevention efforts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:742–754, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Independence of data points in the measurement of hand preferences in primates: Statistical problem or urban myth?
Authors: Hopkins William D. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTLack of independence of data points or the pooling fallacy has been suggested as a potential problem in the study of handedness in nonhuman primates, particularly as it relates to whether hand use responses should be recorded as individual events or bouts of activity. Here, I argue that there is no evidence that the concept of statistical independence of data points or the pooling fallacy is a problem in the evaluation of population‐level handedness in previous studies in nonhuman primates. I further argue these statistical concepts have been misapplied to the characterization of individual hand preferences. Finally, I argue that recording hand use responses as bouts rather than events has no significant effect on reports of hand use in nonhuman primates and, in fact, may unintentionally bias hand use toward the null hypothesis. Several suggestions for improvement in the measurement and statistical determination of individual handedness are offered in the article. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:151–157, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of relationship between the synthesis/process parameters and properties of a sol–gel‐derived polymer nanocomposite system
Authors: Çopuroğlu Mehmet , Şen Murat 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA Ti‐containing silicate‐based epoxy‐functional polymer nanocomposite system was synthesized by a sol–gel route with or without the introduction of a reflux process, which was followed by UV‐induced epoxy polymerization. Influences of synthesis and process parameters, including Ti content, sol ageing, reflux process, and UV‐irradiation on various properties of the system were detailed. It was demonstrated that the introduction of a reflux process during the sol–gel synthesis could significantly modify the chemical and physical properties of the resultant material system along with other parameters such as Ti content. Overall results showed that the synthesis and process parameters examined could be employed to modify the microstructure, and to tune the final properties of this polymer nanocomposite system. The technique described herein, therefore, could be used to develop a new process regime to obtain materials of this type with desired properties, which might potentially be employed in certain applications such as dental restoration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Clinical Response, Drug Survival, and Predictors Thereof Among 548 Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Who Switched Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitor Therapy: Results from the Danish Nationwide DANBIO Registry
Authors: Glintborg Bente , Østergaard Mikkel , Krogh Niels Steen , Andersen Martin Dehn , Tarp Ulrik , Loft Anne Gitte , Lindegaard Hanne M. , Holland‐Fischer Mette , Nordin Henrik , Jensen Dorte Vendelbo , Olsen Christian Holkmann , Hetland Merete Lund 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the frequency of treatment switching and outcomes among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who switched tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor (TNFi) agents in routine care.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study based on the Danish nationwide DANBIO registry. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using the American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% improvement (ACR20)/ACR50/ACR70, European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria for good response, and the 28‐joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28) (remission). Kaplan‐Meier and regression analyses were used for drug survival analyses and to identify predictors of outcome after treatment switching.ResultsOf 1,422 patients starting TNFi agents, 548 patients (39%) switched to a second biologic drug during up to 10 years of followup. Median followup was 2.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.0–4.3 years). Switchers were more frequently women (56% versus 45%), had a shorter disease duration (3 versus 4 years), a higher median Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score (1.1 [IQR 0.6–1.6] versus 0.9 [IQR 0.5–1.4]), DAS28 (4.8 [4.0–5.7] versus 4.4 [3.6–5.2]), pain score on a visual analog scale (VAS) (65 mm [46–77] versus 62 mm [40–75]), and fatigue score on a VAS (69 mm [50–83] versus 64 mm [42–80] mm) (all P < 0.05 at start of first TNFi). During the first and second treatment, HAQ, DAS28, and VAS scores and C‐reactive protein levels had decreased after 6 months (all P < 0.05), and median drug survival was 2.2 versus 1.3 years (P < 0.001). Lower fatigue score increased survival of the second TNFi. After switching, the proportions of patients achieving a sustained ACR20, ACR50, ACR70, EULAR good response, and DAS28 remission after 3–6 months were 22% (number needed to treat [NNT] 4.5), 13% (NNT 7.9), 5% (NNT 20), 19% (NNT 5.3), and 34% (NNT 2.9), respectively. Response rates were lower during the second treatment (all P < 0.01 versus first TNFi). At the 2‐year visit, 47% of switchers had achieved an ACR20 response. No differences between drug–drug combinations were found.ConclusionThirty‐nine percent of the patients with PsA switched TNFi agents. Response rates and drug survival were lower after switching; however, half of the switchers had an ACR20 response 2 years after starting the first TNFi.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Latin Americans Enriched for Amerindian Ancestry Is Associated With Loci in Chromosomes 1, 12, and 13, and the HLA Class II Region
Authors: Herráez David López , Martínez‐Bueno Manuel , Riba Laura , de la Torre Ignacio García , Sacnún Mónica , Goñi Mario , Berbotto Guillermo A. , Paira Sergio , Musuruana Jorge Luis , Graf César E. , Alvarellos Alejandro J. , Messina Osvaldo D. , Babini Alejandra M. , Strusberg Ingrid , Marcos Juan Carlos , Scherbarth Hugo , Spindler Alberto J. , Quinteros Ana , Toloza Sergio M. A. , Moreno José Luis C. , Catoggio Luis J. , Tate Guillermo , Eimon Alicia , Citera Gustavo , Catalán Pellet Antonio , Nasswetter Gustavo G. , Cardiel Mario H. , Miranda Pedro , Ballesteros Francisco , Esquivel‐Valerio Jorge A. , Maradiaga‐Ceceña Marco A. , Acevedo‐Vásquez Eduardo M. , García García Conrado , Tusié‐Luna Teresa , Pons‐Estel Bernardo A. , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo identify susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Latin American individuals with admixed European and Amerindian genetic ancestry.MethodsGenotyping was performed in 1,475 patients with RA and 1,213 control subjects, using a customized BeadArray containing 196,524 markers covering loci previously associated with various autoimmune diseases. Principal components analysis (EigenSoft package) and Structure software were used to identify outliers and define the population substructure. REAP software was used to define cryptic relatedness and duplicates, and genetic association analyses were conducted using Plink statistical software.ResultsA strong genetic association between RA and the major histocompatibility complex region was observed, localized within BTNL2/DRA–DQB1– DQA2 (P = 7.6 × 10−10), with 3 independent effects. We identified an association in the PLCH2‐HES5‐TNFRSF14‐MMEL1 region of chromosome 1 (P = 9.77 × 10−6), which was previously reported in Europeans, Asians, and Native Canadians. We identified one novel putative association in ENOX1 on chromosome 13 (P = 3.24 × 10−7). Previously reported associations were observed in the current study, including PTPN22, SPRED2, STAT4, IRF5, CCL21, and IL2RA, although the significance was relatively moderate. Adjustment for Amerindian ancestry improved the association of a novel locus in chromosome 12 at C12orf30 (NAA25) (P = 3.9 × 10−6). Associations with the HLA region, SPRED2, and PTPN22 improved in individuals positive for anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies.ConclusionOur data define, for the first time, the contribution of Amerindian ancestry to the genetic architecture of RA in an admixed Latin American population by confirming the role of the HLA region and supporting the association with a locus in chromosome 1. In addition, we provide data for novel putative loci in chromosomes 12 and 13.
Neointimal tissue component assessed by tissue characterization with 40 MHz intravascular ultrasound imaging: Comparison of drug‐eluting stents and bare‐metal stents
Authors: Tsujita Kenichi , Takaoka Naoko , Kaikita Koichi , Hokimoto Seiji , Horio Eiji , Sato Koji , Mizobe Michio , Nakayama Naoki , Kojima Sunao , Tayama Shinji , Sugiyama Seigo , Nakamura Sunao , Ogawa Hisao 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesThe present study used iMap IVUS system to compare neointimal tissue components between DES and bare‐metal stents (BMSs).BackgroundDrug‐eluting stents (DESs) can cause impaired arterial healing, which constitutes the most important pathological substrate underlying late DES thrombosis. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐based tissue characterization allows for the in vivo identification of neointimal tissue components.Methods and ResultsFollow‐up IVUS data after coronary stenting (9.8 ± 9.4 months from index procedures) was obtained from consecutive 61 lesions (34 in DES, 27 in BMS). The iMap tissue components (fibrotic, lipidic, necrotic, and calcified) were measured in every recorded frame and expressed as percentages of mean neointimal cross‐sectional area for the stented segment. Patients' characteristics were comparable between DES and BMS. When compared with BMSs, smaller (2.9 ± 0.4 mm vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.004) and longer (34 ± 18 mm vs. 26 ± 14 mm, P = 0.03) DESs were implanted. When compared with BMS group, minimum lumen area at follow‐up was significantly greater in DES group (3.9 ± 1.8 mm2 vs. 3.1 ± 1.5 mm2, P < 0.04), mainly attributable to suppression of neointimal hyperplasia (1.7 ± 0.8 mm2 vs. 3.1 ± 1.5 mm2, P < 0.0001). The iMap analyses showed that neointima after DES placement was composed of smaller fibrotic component (67 ± 8% vs. 78 ± 7%, P < 0.0001), larger necrotic (14 ± 4% vs. 9 ± 3%, P < 0.0001) and calcified (15 ± 6% vs. 7 ± 4%, P < 0.0001) components compared with BMS. Logistic regression analysis showed that only intra‐DES neointima was a significant predictor of necrotic neointima at follow‐up.ConclusionsDES implantation would be associated with iMap‐derived necrotic and less‐fibrotic neointimal formation. In vivo iMap evaluation of neointimal tissue may provide useful information in detecting impaired healing after stenting. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuning the Photoisomerization of a N^C‐Chelate Organoboron Compound with a MetalAcetylide Unit
Authors: Wang Nan , Ko Soo‐Byung , Lu Jia‐Sheng , Chen Leanne D. , Wang Suning 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo examine the impact of metal moieties that have different triplet energies on the photoisomerization of B(ppy)Mes2 compounds (ppy=2‐phenyl pyridine, Mes=mesityl), three metal‐functionalized B(ppy)Mes2 compounds, Re‐B, Au‐B, and Pt‐B, have been synthesized and fully characterized. The metal moieties in these three compounds are Re(CO)3(tert‐Bu2bpy)(CC), Au(PPh3)(CC), and trans‐Pt(PPh3)2(CC)2, respectively, which are connected to the ppy chelate through the alkyne linker. Our investigation has established that the ReI unit completely quenches the photoisomerization of the boron unit because of a low‐lying intraligand charge transfer/MLCT triplet state. The AuI unit, albeit with a triplet energy that is much higher than that of B(ppy)Mes2, upon conjugation with the ppy chelate unit, substantially increases the contribution of the π→π* transition, localized on the conjugated chelate backbone in the lowest triplet state, thereby leading to a decrease in the photoisomerization quantum efficiency (QE) of the boron chromophore when excited at 365 nm. At higher excitation energies, the photoisomerization QE of Au‐B is comparable to that of the silyl–alkyne‐functionalized B(ppy)Mes2 (TIPS‐B), which was attributable to a triplet‐state‐sensitization effect by the AuI unit. The PtII unit links two B(ppy)Mes2 together in Pt‐B, thereby extending the π‐conjugation through both chelate backbones and leading to a very low QE of the photoisomerization. In addition, only one boron unit in Pt‐B undergoes photoisomerization. The isomerization of the second boron unit is quenched by an intramolecular energy transfer of the excitation energy to the low‐energy absorption band of the isomerized boron unit. TD‐DFT computations and spectroscopic studies of the three metal‐containing boron compounds confirm that the photoisomerization of the B(ppy)Mes2 chromophore proceeds through a triplet photoactive state and that metal units with suitable triplet energies can be used to tune this system.
Biofuel Cells for Biomedical Applications: Colonizing the Animal Kingdom
Authors: Falk Magnus , Narváez Villarrubia Claudia W. , Babanova Sofia , Atanassov Plamen , Shleev Sergey 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInterdisciplinary research has combined the efforts of many scientists and engineers to gain an understanding of biotic and abiotic electrochemical processes, materials properties, biomedical, and engineering approaches for the development of alternative power‐generating and/or energy‐harvesting devices, aiming to solve health‐related issues and to improve the quality of human life. This review intends to recapitulate the principles of biofuel cell development and the progress over the years, thanks to the contribution of cross‐disciplinary researchers that have combined knowledge and innovative ideas to the field. The emergence of biofuel cells, as a response to the demand of electrical power devices that can operate under physiological conditions, are reviewed. Implantable biofuel cells operating inside living organisms have been envisioned for over fifty years, but few reports of implanted devices have existed up until very recently. The very first report of an implanted biofuel cell (implanted in a grape) was published only in 2003 by Adam Heller and his coworkers. This work was a result of earlier scientific efforts of this group to “wire” enzymes to the electrode surface. The last couple of years have, however, seen a multitude of biofuel cells being implanted and operating in different living organisms, including mammals. Herein, the evolution of the biofuel concept, the understanding and employment of catalyst and biocatalyst processes to mimic biological processes, are explored. These potentially green technology biodevices are designed to be applied for biomedical applications to power nano‐ and microelectronic devices, drug delivery systems, biosensors, and many more.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Aminophosphonic Acids by Using Enantiopure N‐(p‐Tolylsulfinyl)cinnamaldimines as Reagents
Authors: Łyżwa Piotr , Błaszczyk Jarosław , Sieroń Lesław , Mikołajczyk Marian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have developed new approaches to diverse enantiopure aminophosphonic acids by using enantiomeric (S)‐N‐(p‐tolylsulfinyl)cinnamaldimine (1) as a single starting material. The synthetic strategy is based on a highly diastereoselective addition reaction of phosphite anion or α‐phosphonate carbanion to a sulfinimine followed by isolation of the major diastereoisomeric α‐amino‐ or β‐amino adducts and their further conversion to the desired targets through proper transformation of the cinnamylidene moiety. Both diastereoisomerically pure (SS,RC)‐ and (SS,SC)‐α‐amino adducts 2 and 4 obtained were converted under acidic conditions into the unknown enantiomerically pure (R)‐ and (S)‐α‐amino‐β,γ‐propenylphosphonic acids 3. In the same way, the enantiopure (R)‐ and (S)‐β‐amino‐γ,δ‐butenylphosphonic acids were synthesized from the corresponding (SS,RC)‐ and (SS,SC)‐β‐amino adducts. Starting from the (SS,RC)‐β‐amino adduct a new stereoselective synthesis of (R)‐2‐amino‐3‐phosphonopropanoic acid (9) has been accomplished in three simple steps (tandem ozonolysis/reduction reaction, oxidation reaction and acidic hydrolysis) in an overall 40 % yield. The 3‐amino regioisomer of 9 has been prepared from the (SS,RC)‐α‐amino adduct 2 through a two‐reaction sequence involving a tandem ozonolysis/reduction reaction and a Mitsunobu cyanation/acidic hydrolysis. The overall yield of this conversion to 11 was 52.5 %. According to our strategy, we have been able to complete the first synthesis of the enantiopure (R)‐phosphoemeriamine 15, which is an unknown phosphonic analogue of emeriamine (aminocarnitine). The conversion of the (SS,RC)‐β‐amino adduct 5 into (R)‐phosphoemeriamine has been accomplished in five simple synthetic steps (ozonolysis/reduction reaction, mesylation reaction, amination reaction, methylation reaction and acidic hydrolysis) in 24 % overall yield. The stereochemistry of the addition of PIII‐nucleophiles and α‐phosphonate carbanion to a chiral sulfinimine is also discussed.
A Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid at the Aminopyrimidyl Functionalized‐Conductive Polymer Electrode
Authors: Abdelwahab Adel A. , Kim Dong‐Min , Halappa Naveen M. , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA simple detection method of ascorbic acid (AA) through selective catalytic oxidation has been developed using a novel conducting polymer poly‐3′‐(2‐aminopyrimidyl)‐2,2′:5′,2“‐terthiophene (pAPTT). The pAPTT electrode showed an excellent selectivity in facilitating the electron transfer of AA and blocked the interferences of cationic species due to the positively charged pAPTT film. This method proved to be effective in the determination of AA in the presence of various biological interfering species. The dynamic range of AA detection was from 10 to 200 µM and the detection limit was 1.4±0.06 µM.
The formation of supraglacial debris covers by primary dispersal from transverse englacial debris bands
Authors: Kirkbride Martin P. , Deline Philip 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTGlaciological controls on debris cover formation are investigated from the perspective of primary dispersal of supraglacial debris across a melting ice surface. This involves the migration of angled debris septa outcrops across a melting, thinning glacier ablation zone. Three measures of a glacier's ability to evacuate supraglacial debris are outlined: (1) a concentration factor describing the focusing of englacial debris into specific supraglacial mass loads; (2) the rate of migration of a septum outcrop relative to the local ice surface; and (3) a downstream velocity differential between a slower septum outcrop and the faster ice surface velocity. Measures (1) and (2) are inversely related, while measure (3) increases down‐glacier to explain why slow‐moving, thinning ice rapidly becomes debris covered. Data from Glacier d'Estelette (Italian Alps) are used to illustrate these processes, and to explore the potential for debris cover formation and growth in different glaciological environments. The transition from a ‘clean’, transport‐dominated to a debris‐covered ablation‐dominated glacier is explained by the melting out of more closely‐spaced debris septa, in combination with the geometric interactions of angled septa and ice surface in a field of reducing flow and increasing ablation. The growth and shrinkage of debris covers are most sensitive to glaciological changes at glaciers with gently‐dipping debris‐bearing foliation, but less sensitive at high‐compression glaciers whose termini are constrained by moraine dams and other forms of obstruction. These findings show that a variety of debris‐covered glacier types will show a spectrum of response characteristics to negative mass balance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐annual changes of alpine inland lake water storage on the Tibetan Plateau: Detection and analysis by integrating satellite altimetry and optical imagery
Authors: Song Chunqiao , Huang Bo , Ke Linghong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effects of climate change have a substantial influence on the extremely vulnerable hydrologic environment of the Tibetan Plateau. The estimation of alpine inland lake water storage variations is essential to modeling the alpine hydrologic process and evaluating water resources. Due to a lack of historical hydrologic observations in this remote and inaccessible region, such estimations also fill a gap in studies on the continuous inter‐annual and seasonal changes in the inland lake water budget. Using Lake Siling Co as a case study, we derived a time‐series of lake surface extents from MODIS imagery, and scarce lake water level data from the satellite altimetry of two sensors (ICESat/GLAS and ENVISAT RA‐2) between 2001 and 2011. Then, based on the fact that the rise in lake water levels is tightly dependent on the expansion of the lake extent, we established an empirical model to simulate a continuous lake water level dataset corresponding to the lake area data during the lake's unfreezing period. Consequently, from three dimensions, the lake surface area, water level and water storage variations consistently revealed that Lake Siling Co exhibited a dramatic trend to expand, particularly from 2001 to 2006. Based on the statistical model and lake area measurements from Landsat images since 1972, the extrapolated lake water level and water storage indicate that the lake has maintained a continual expansion process and that the cumulative water storage variations during 1999–2011 account for 66.84% of the total lake water budget (26.87 km3) from 1972 to 2011. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.