bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switchable Proline Derivatives: Tuning the Conformational Stability of the Collagen Triple Helix by pH Changes
Authors: Siebler Christiane , Erdmann Roman S. , Wennemers Helma 
Published: August 2014

Abstract(4S)‐Aminoproline is introduced as a pH‐sensitive probe for tuning the conformational properties of peptides and proteins. The pH‐triggered flip of the ring puckering and the formation/release of a transannular H bond were used to switch the formation of collagen triple helices on and off reversibly.
Low expression levels of microRNA‐124‐5p correlated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer via targeting of SMC4
Authors: Jinushi Takafumi , Shibayama Yoshihiko , Kinoshita Ichiro , Oizumi Satoshi , Jinushi Masahisa , Aota Tadahiro , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Horita Shoichi , Dosaka‐Akita Hirotoshi , Iseki Ken 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA component of polycomb repressor complex 2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), plays an important role in tumor malignancy and metastasis, while milk fat globule‐epidermal growth factor‐factor 8 (MFGE8) plays a key role in tumor progression and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are also critically involved in various physiological and pathological processes. We here evaluated the relationship between overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancer patients and the expression of onco‐miRs and miRs, which may target EZH2 and MFGE8. Plasma and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples were obtained from 71 colorectal cancer patients. The expression levels of miRs complementary to EZH2 and MFGE8 mRNA and cancer malignancies were evaluated. The miRs analyzed were as follows: miR‐16, miR‐21, miR‐26a, miR‐34a, miR‐98, miR‐101‐3p, miR‐101‐5p, miR‐124‐5p (also known as miR‐124*), miR‐126‐3p, miR‐126‐5p, miR‐210, miR‐217, and miR‐630. The plasma expression levels of MFGE8 in completely resected patients were significantly lower than those in unresectable patients. Lower miR‐26a expression levels were correlated with a higher probability of OS. Higher miR‐124‐5p expression levels in plasma and FFPE samples were correlated with a higher probability of OS. The transfection of mimic miR‐124‐5p into WiDr and COLO201 cells inhibited the expression of structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (SMC4) mRNA. Our results indicate that miR‐124‐5p may target the tumorigenesis gene, SMC4, which suggests that expression levels of miR‐124‐5p in plasma and FFPE samples; therefore, the expression of MFGE8, miR‐26a, and miR‐124‐5p in plasma may be used as biomarkers to determine the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.
O6‐Alkylguanine‐DNA Alkyltransferase‐Mediated Repair of O4‐Alkylated 2′‐Deoxyuridines
Authors: McManus Francis P. , Wilds Christopher J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractO6‐Alkylguanine‐DNA alkyltransferases (AGTs) are responsible for the removal of O6‐alkyl 2′‐deoxyguanosine (dG) and O4‐alkyl thymidine (dT) adducts from the genome. Unlike the E. coli OGT (O6‐alkylguanine‐DNA‐alkyltransferase) protein, which can repair a range of O4‐alkyl dT lesions, human AGT (hAGT) only removes methyl groups poorly. To uncover the influence of the C5 methyl group of dT on AGT repair, oligonucleotides containing O4‐alkyl 2′‐deoxyuridines (dU) were prepared. The ability of E. coli AGTs (Ada‐C and OGT), human AGT, and an OGT/hAGT chimera to remove O4‐methyl and larger adducts (4‐hydroxybutyl and 7‐hydroxyheptyl) from dU were examined and compared to those relating to the corresponding dT species. The absence of the C5 methyl group resulted in an increase in repair observed for the O4‐methyl adducts by hAGT and the chimera. The chimera was proficient at repairing larger adducts at the O4 atom of dU. There was no observed correlation between the binding affinities of the AGT homologues to adduct‐containing oligonucleotides and the amounts of repair measured.
Vanadium Speciation by XANES Spectroscopy: A Three‐Dimensional Approach
Authors: Levina Aviva , McLeod Andrew I. , Lay Peter A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA library of X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopic data for VV, VIV and VIII complexes with a broad range of biologically relevant ligand has been used to demonstrate that three‐dimensional plots of key XANES parameters (pre‐edge and edge energies; pre‐edge and white line intensities) can be used for the prediction of V oxidation states and coordination numbers in biological or environmental matrices. The reliability of the technique has been demonstrated by re‐analysis of the published XANES data for a VV‐dependent bromoperoxidase.
Total Synthesis of (R,R,R)‐α‐Tocopherol Through Asymmetric Cu‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition
Authors: Termath Andreas Ole , Sebode Hanna , Schlundt Waldemar , Stemmler René T. , Netscher Thomas , Bonrath Werner , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBy introducing a disposable activating substituent at C‐3, the asymmetric 1,4‐addition to a notoriously unreactive 2‐substituted chromenone was achieved with high levels of (2R)‐stereoselectivity in the presence of a chiral CuI‐phosphoramidite complex as a catalyst. This paved the way for an efficient and conceptually novel synthesis of (R,R,R)‐α‐tocopherol from readily available starting materials.
Implementation of a generalized heterogeneous image reconstruction system for clinical magnetic resonance
Authors: Kowalik Grzegorz Tomasz , Steeden Jennifer Anne , Muthurangu Vivek 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThis paper describes the development of a novel online, heterogeneous image reconstruction system for magnetic resonance data. The system integrates an external computer equipped with a graphic processing unit card into the magnetic resonance scanner's image reconstruction pipeline. The system promotes fast online reconstruction for computationally intensive algorithms making them feasible in a busy clinical service. Analysis and improvement of execution time of the complex, iterative reconstruction algorithm is presented. Specifically, optimizations were examined that allowed fast reconstruction of data that were acquired in an arbitrary manner. The system was successfully used in research and clinical studies requiring high data throughput. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐pot Aldol Condensation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass‐derived Carbonyl Compounds for Biodiesel Synthesis
Authors: Faba Laura , Díaz Eva , Ordóñez Salvador 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntegrating reaction steps is of key interest in the development of processes for transforming lignocellulosic materials into drop‐in fuels. We propose a procedure for performing the aldol condensation (reaction between furfural and acetone is taken as model reaction) and the total hydrodeoxygenation of the resulting condensation adducts in one step, yielding n‐alkanes. Different combinations of catalysts (bifunctional catalysts or mechanical mixtures), reaction conditions, and solvents (aqueous and organic) have been tested for performing these reactions in an isothermal batch reactor. The results suggest that the use of bifunctional catalysts and aqueous phase lead to an effective integration of both reactions. Therefore, selectivities to n‐alkanes higher than 50 % were obtained using this catalyst at typical hydrogenation conditions (T=493 K, P=4.5 MPa, 24 h reaction time). The use of organic solvent, carbonaceous supports, or mechanical mixtures of monofunctional catalysts leads to poorer results owing to side effects; mainly, hydrogenation of reactants and adsorption processes.
Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule is important for early development in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Morales Diaz Heidi D. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) is an Ig containing cell adhesion molecule with remarkable structural conservation throughout metazoans. In insects, DSCAM has 38,000 potential isoforms that convey axon guidance, fasciculation, and dendrite morphogenesis during neurodevelopment. In vertebrates, DSCAM is expressed throughout the nervous system and seems to also mediate proper axonal guidance and synaptogenesis without the isoform diversity found in insects. Differences in DSCAM function among several vertebrate species complicate the understanding of an evolutionarily conserved role during embryogenesis. We take advantage of the frog developmental model Xenopus tropicalis to study DSCAM function in early development by expression analysis and morpholino‐mediated knockdown. Our results indicate that DSCAM is expressed early in development and restricted to the head and nervous system. Knockdown of protein expression results in early morphogenetic phenotypes characterized by failed gastrulation and improper posterior neural tube closure. Our results reveal a specific, fundamental role of DSCAM in early morphogenetic movements, presumably through its well‐known role in homophilic cell adhesion. genesis 52:849–857, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
σ‐ or π‐Coordination? Complexes of Univalent Gallium Salts with Aromatic Nitrogen Bases
Authors: Lichtenthaler Martin R. , Stahl Florian , Kratzert Daniel , Benkmil Boumahdi , Wegner Hermann A. , Krossing Ingo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo answer the question as to whether gallium in its oxidation state +1 favors a σ‐ or a π‐coordination of aromatic nitrogen bases, we reacted [Ga(C6H5F)2]+[Al(ORF)4]– {RF = C(CF3)} with pyrazine and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylpyridine (DTBMP). In doing so, we obtained the first tricoordinate, nonchelated, homoleptic N‐donor complex of gallium(I): [Ga(pyrazine)3]+[Al(ORF)4]–, in which each gallium(I) cation is coordinated in a trigonal‐pyramidal fashion by three η1‐donating pyrazine ligands. Hence, the gallium(I) cations favor σ‐ over π‐coordination. Depending on the reaction conditions, and due to the bifunctionality of pyrazine, 1D coordination polymers of {[Ga(μ‐pyrazine)2(η1‐pyrazine)]+[Al(ORF)4]–}∞ were also obtained. With the sterically demanding DTBMP, which is conventionally used as a proton scavenger, the mixed complex [Ga(C6H5F)2(DTBMP)]+[Al(ORF)4]– was isolated, thus proving incorrect the perception of DTBMP being “non‐nucleophilic”. The structural findings were confirmed by multinuclear NMR investigations and density functional performed at the RI‐BP86/SV(P) level.
Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Pyrroles by Tandem Amination/Cyanation/Alkylation and Amination/Oxidation Sequences
Authors: Han Junbin , Lu Zhichao , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed three‐component tandem amination/cyanation/alkylation of the primary‐amine‐tethered alkynes 1 gave α‐CN‐substituted pyrrolidines 6 in good yields and regioselectivities. In addition, silver‐mediated tandem amination/oxidation of the secondary‐amine‐tethered alkynes 7 produced functionalized pyrroles 8 in good yields. All reactions were conducted in one pot without any protection/deprotection steps.
Landscapes on the edge: examining the role of climatic interactions in shaping coastal watersheds using a coastal–terrestrial landscape evolution model
Authors: Hackney Christopher , Darby Stephen E. , Leyland Julian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIncised coastal gullies (ICGs) are dynamic features found at the terrestrial‐coastal interface. Their geomorphic evolution is driven by the interactions between processes of fluvial knickpoint migration and coastal cliff erosion. Under scenarios of future climate change the frequency and magnitude of the climatological drivers of both terrestrial (fluvial and hillslope) and coastal (cliff erosion) processes are likely to change, with an adjunct impact on these types of coastal features. Here we explore the response of an incised coastal gully to changes in both terrestrial and coastal climate in order to elucidate the key process interactions which drive ICG evolution.We modify an extant landscape evolution model, CHILD, to incorporate processes of soft‐cliff erosion. This modified version, termed the Coastal‐Terrestrial‐CHILD (CT‐CHILD) model, is then employed to explore the interactions between changing terrestrial and coastal driving forces on the future evolution of an ICG found on the south‐west Isle of Wight, UK. It was found that the magnitude and frequency of storm events will play a key role in determining the future trajectory of ICGs, highlighting a need to understand the role of event sequencing in future projections of landscape evolution. Furthermore, synergistic (positive) and antagonistic (negative) interactions were identified between coastal and terrestrial parameters, such as wave height intensity and precipitation duration, which act to modulate the impact of changes in any one parameter. Of note was the role played by wave height intensity in driving coastal erosion, which was found to play a more important role than sea‐level rise in determining rates of coastal erosion. This highlights the need for a greater focus on wave height in studies of soft‐cliff erosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental characterization of the impact of temperature and humidity on the breakdown of soil water repellency in sandy soils and composts
Authors: Whelan Amii , Kechavarzi Cedric , Coulon Frederic , Doerr Stefan H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSoil water repellency is a widespread phenomenon with the capacity to alter hydrological and geomorphological processes. Water repellency decays with time, and the consequences are only of concern during the timescale at which the water repellency persists. This study aimed to characterize the influence of temperature and humidity on the breakdown of water repellency. Apparent contact angle measurements were carried out on samples consisting of sand treated with stearic acid as well as naturally repellent dune sands and composts. Temperature and humidity were controlled using a cooled incubator and a purpose designed enclosed box in which humidity could be raised or lowered.Results showed the contact angle of the stearic‐acid‐treated sands decayed with time and that there was a significant increase with stearic acid concentration. For all samples, the decay in apparent contact angle could be described with a continuous breakdown model. The stearic‐acid‐treated sands showed a significant increase in contact angle with relative humidity at a temperature of 10 and 20 °C. These differences diminished with increasing temperature. Similar results were seen for the dune sands and composts. Despite the influence of temperature and humidity on contact angles, there was no significant change in the rate at which the contact angle decayed in any sample. Absolute humidity was found to provide a more relevant indicator than relative humidity when assessing the influence of humidity on repellency over a range of temperatures. The contact angle initially increased with absolute humidity before plateauing owing to the confounding effect of temperature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IDENTIFICATION ISSUES IN LIMITED‐INFORMATION BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL MACROECONOMIC MODELS
Authors: Kleibergen Frank , Mavroeidis Sophocles 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe likelihood of the parameters in structural macroeconomic models typically has non‐identification regions over which it is constant. When sufficiently diffuse priors are used, the posterior piles up in such non‐identification regions. Use of informative priors can lead to the opposite, so both can generate spurious inference. We propose priors/posteriors on the structural parameters that are implied by priors/posteriors on the parameters of an embedding reduced‐form model. An example of such a prior is the Jeffreys prior. We use it to conduct Bayesian limited‐information inference on the new Keynesian Phillips curve with a VAR reduced form for US data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adhesion and migration of cells responding to microtopography
Authors: Estévez Maruxa , Martínez Elena , Yarwood Stephen J. , Dalby Matthew J. , Samitier Josep 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIt is known that cells respond strongly to microtopography. However, cellular mechanisms of response are unclear. Here, we study wild‐type fibroblasts responding to 25 µm2 posts and compare their response to that of FAK−/− fibroblasts and fibroblasts with PMA treatment to stimulate protein kinase C (PKC) and the small g‐protein Rac. FAK knockout cells modulated adhesion number and size in a similar way to cells on topography; that is, they used more, smaller adhesions, but migration was almost completely stalled demonstrating the importance of FAK signaling in contact guidance and adhesion turnover. Little similarity, however, was observed to PKC stimulated cells and cells on the topography. Interestingly, with PKC stimulation the cell nuclei became highly deformable bringing focus on these surfaces to the study of metastasis. Surfaces that aid the study of cellular migration are important in developing understanding of mechanisms of wound healing and repair in aligned tissues such as ligament and tendon. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1659–1668, 2015.
Targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells by an anti‐epidermal growth factor‐receptor single chain fragment variable antibody‐tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (scFv425‐sTRAIL)
Authors: Arabpour Mohammad , Poelstra Klaas , Helfrich Wijnand , Bremer Edwin , Haisma Hidde J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundProgressive liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that may result in liver failure. Activated hepatic stellate cells are known to play a central role in this process and their elimination is a crucial step towards the resolution and reversion of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the potential application of an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor single chain fragment variable antibody‐tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (scFv425‐sTRAIL) fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells.MethodsActivated hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cells) were treated by adenovirus‐derived scFv425‐sTRAIL to evaluate its effect on the viability and extracellular matrix production of this type of cells.ResultsIn vitro treatment of activated hepatic stellate cells with scFv425‐sTRAIL induced a significant reduction in viability (up to 100% reduction) and extracellular matrix production (60% reduction), yet no significant effect was observed on hepatic parenchymal cells. Blockage of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the effectiveness of scFv425‐sTRAIL in activated hepatic stellate cells, whereas a reduced effectivity was also observed after inhibition of the caspase pathway.ConclusionsEvidence is presented for the successful application of the scFv425‐sTRAIL fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells via EGFR and simultaneous activation of the caspase pathway. scFv425‐sTRAIL may thus represent a new therapeutic compound against liver fibrosis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Distribution of Immobilized Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles within Poly(2‐vinylpyridine) Brushes
Authors: Al‐Hussein Mahmoud , Koenig Meike , Stamm Manfred , Uhlmann Petra 
Published: August 2014

Novel catalytic surfaces can be prepared by in situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) inside polymer brush systems. To gain more control over the properties of these nanocatalysts, it is important to quantify their distribution inside the polymer brush and understand their formation process better. Here, measurements of the distributions of Pt and Pd NPs within poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brushes are reported. The amount of surface accumulation and the extent of penetration of the two metal NPs into the brush layer are determined using X‐ray reflectivity measurements. Quantitative analysis of the data reveals a significant difference between the distributions of the two NP species. Pd NPs exhibit higher accumulation at the surface and larger penetration depth within the brush. This difference in behavior is attributed to the different adsorption mechanisms exhibited by the two metal ions. Whereas Pt ions adsorb to the polymer brush via ionic bonds, Pd ions form complex coordination bonds. The different distributions of the NPs within the polymer brush are related to the previously investigated catalytic activity of these systems. The reported unusually high specific activity of Pt hybrid brushes, as compared with Pd ones, can now be explained by buried Pd NPs that do not take part in the catalytic reaction.
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Muscle magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology in ACTA1‐related congenital nemaline myopathy
Authors: Castiglioni Claudia , Cassandrini Denis , Fattori Fabiana , Bellacchio Emanuele , D'Amico Adele , Alvarez Karin , Gejman Roger , Diaz Jorge , Santorelli Filippo M. , Romero Norma B. , Bertini Enrico , Bevilacqua Jorge A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Muscle biopsy is usually diagnostic in nemaline myopathy (NM), but some patients may show nonspecific findings, leading to pitfalls in diagnosis. Muscle MRI is a helpful complementary tool. Methods: We assessed the clinical, histopathological, MRI, and molecular findings in a 19‐year‐old patient with NM in whom 2 muscle biopsies with ultrastructural examination showed no nemaline bodies. We analyzed the degree and pattern of muscle MRI involvement of the entire body, including the tongue and pectoral muscles. Results: Muscle MRI abnormalities in sartorius, adductor magnus, and anterior compartment muscles of the leg suggested NM. A previously unreported fatty infiltration of the tongue was found. A third biopsy after the muscle MRI showed scant nemaline bodies. A novel heterozygous de novo ACTA1 c.611C>T/p.Thr204Ile mutation was detected. Conclusions: We highlight the contribution of muscle imaging in addressing the genetic diagnosis of ACTA1‐related NM. Muscle Nerve 50: 1011–1016, 2014
Cooperative distributed model predictive control for wind farms
Authors: Spudić V. , Conte C. , Baotić M. , Morari M. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on cooperative distributed model predictive control (MPC) of wind farms, where the farms respond to active power control commands issued by the transmission system operator. A distributed MPC scheme is proposed, which aims at satisfying the requirements imposed by the grid code while minimizing the farm‐wide mechanical structure fatigue. The distributed MPC control law is defined by a global finite‐horizon optimal control problem, which is solved at every time step by distributed optimization. The computational approach is completely distributed, that is, every turbine evaluates its own globally optimal input by considering local measurements and communicating to neighboring turbines only. Two MPC versions are compared, in the first of which the farm‐wide power output constraint is implemented as a hard constraint, whereas in the second, it is implemented as a soft constraint. As for distributed optimization methods, the alternating direction method of multipliers as well as a dual decomposition scheme based on fast gradient updates are compared. The performance of the proposed distributed MPC controller, as well as the performance of the distributed optimization methods used for its operation, are compared in the simulation on four exemplary scenarios. The results of the simulations imply that the use of cooperative distributed MPC in wind farms is viable both from a performance and from a computational viewpoint. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.