bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Syndesmosis Screw Removal on the Reduction of the Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Authors: Song Daniel J. , Lanzi Joseph T. , Groth Adam T. , Drake Matthew , Orchowski Joseph R. , Shaha Steven H. , Lindell Kenneth K. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Injury to the tibiofibular syndesmosis is frequent with rotational ankle injuries. Multiple studies have shown a high rate of syndesmotic malreduction with the placement of syndesmotic screws. There are no studies evaluating the reduction or malreduction of the syndesmosis after syndesmotic screw removal. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate syndesmotic reduction with CT scans and to determine the effect of screw removal on the malreduced syndesmosis. Methods: This was an IRB-approved prospective radiographic study. Patients over 18 years of age treated at 1 institution between August 2008 and December 2011 with intraoperative evidence of syndesmotic disruption were enrolled. Postoperative CT scans were obtained of bilateral ankles within 2 weeks of operative fixation. Syndesmotic screws were removed after 3 months, and a second CT scan was then obtained 30 days after screw removal. Using axial CT images, syndesmotic reduction was evaluated compared to the contralateral uninjured ankle. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in this prospective study. The average age was 25.7 (range, 19 to 35), with 3 females and 22 males. Results: Nine patients (36%) had evidence of tibiofibular syndesmosis malreduction on their initial postoperative axial CT scans. In the postsyndesmosis screw removal CT scan, 8 of 9 or 89% of malreductions showed adequate reduction of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. There was a statistically significant reduction in syndesmotic malreductions ( t = 3.333, P < .001) between the initial rate of malreduction after screw placement of 36% (9/25) and the rate of malreduction after all screws were removed of 4% (1/25). Conclusions: Despite a high rate of initial malreduction (36%) after syndesmosis screw placement, 89% of the malreduced syndesmoses spontaneously reduced after screw removal. Syndesmotic screw removal may be advantageous to achieve final anatomic reduction of the distal tibiofibular joint, and we recommend it for the malreduced syndesmosis. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prognostic case series.
Presence and regulation of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in mouse macrophages
Authors: Nikolaou Alexandros , Stijlemans Benoit , Laoui Damya , Schouppe Elio , Tran Huyen TT , Tourwé Dirk , Chai Siew Y , Vanderheyden Patrick ML , Van Ginderachter Jo A 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: The insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is expressed in several cell types, where it is mainly located in specialized secretory endosomes that are quickly recruited to the cell surface upon cell type-specific activation. Here we describe for the first time the expression and subcellular distribution of IRAP in macrophages. Methods: IRAP mRNA expression, protein expression and presence at the cell surface was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot and [3H]IVDE77 binding, respectively. Results: IRAP mRNA expression was increased by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not by anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)). IFN-γ increased [3H]IVDE77 binding steadily over time, while LPS quickly and transiently recruited IRAP to the cell surface. Combined stimulations with IFN-γ and LPS showed the same pattern as LPS alone. Latex particles also induced a transient recruitment of IRAP to the cell surface, but no difference was observed in phagocytic uptake between wild-type and IRAP–/– macrophages, suggesting that the enzymatic activity of IRAP is not required for the ingestion of particles. Conclusion: IRAP is more highly expressed in pro-inflammatory M1-activated macrophages and its presence at the cell surface is modulated upon exposure to IFN-γ, LPS or exogenous particles.
Association between urinary angiotensinogen, hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant women with preeclampsia
Authors: Yilmaz Z , Yildirim T , Yilmaz R , Aybal-Kutlugun A , Altun B , Kucukozkan T , Erdem Y 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a life-threatening disorder of pregnancy. The pathogenic mechanisms of preeclampsia remain uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) levels, an indicator of local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) activity in the kidney, and blood pressure and urinary protein excretion in preeclampsia. Materials and methods: For this study, 90 women aged between 20–39 years were recruited. Spot urine samples were collected to measure urinary angiotensinogen/creatinine ratio (UAGT/UCre). Log(UAGT/UCre) was compared in pregnancies with and without preeclampsia and non-pregnant controls. Factors affecting log(UAGT/UCre) in pregnancies were also investigated. Results: In all pregnancies log(UAGT/UCre) levels were significantly higher than in non-pregnant controls (0.58±0.19 vs. 0.33±0.14, respectively, p=0.002). However, log(UAGT/UCre) levels in pregnancies with preeclampsia were slightly lower than in normal pregnancies (0.52±0.18 vs. 0.64±0.19, respectively, p=0.012). Log(UAGT/UCre) levels were correlated positively with blood pressure and proteinuria in pregnancies with preeclampsia. However, log(UAGT/UCre) levels were not correlated with age, height, body weight, gestational age, body mass index, and serum creatinine. Conclusion: This study showed that elevated local RAS activity in kidney was correlated with high blood pressure and proteinuria in preeclampsia. Local RAS activation in the kidneys may be one of the contributing factors in the development of preeclampsia.
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system gender differences in an Afro-Caribbean population
Authors: Cohall Damian H , Scantlebury-Manning Thea , James Stephen , Hall Kiana , Ferrario Carlos M 
Published: February 2014

Hypothesis / introduction: Prior studies have denoted gender differences in the expression and therapeutic benefits of hypertension treatment and clinical outcomes. This study documents for the first time gender differences in the expression of blood and urine angiotensin peptides in normotensive Afro-Caribbean Barbadians (25 males; 26 females). Materials and methods: Participants provided clinical anthropometric measurements, 24h ambulatory blood pressure and urine collections, and a blood sample for measurements of angiotensin peptides. Results: Plasma renin activity ranged between 0.00 and 3.00 ng/ml/h. Plasma and urinary Ang II were comparable in both genders, while urinary Ang-(1-7) was greater in females ( p<0.05). Urinary Ang-(1-7) and office systolic blood pressure correlated significantly in females only ( p<0.01), while plasma Ang-(1-7) and Ang II correlated significantly in both genders ( p>0.05). Conclusions: A shift in the balance between Ang II and Ang-(1-7) and their respective pressor and depressor axes might be markers of the cardio-renal protective mechanisms that may be present in females of Afro-Caribbean descent.
Attitudes toward clinical trials among patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Haywood Carlton , Lanzkron Sophie , Diener-West Marie , Haythornthwaite Jennifer , Strouse John J , Bediako Shawn , Onojobi Gladys , Beach Mary Catherine ,   for the IMPORT Investigators
Published: February 2014

Background A substantial number of planned clinical trials for sickle cell disease (SCD) have terminated early due to insufficient patient enrollment. Purpose To describe attitudes toward clinical trials among a sample of adults with SCD and identify patient-level factors associated with these attitudes. Methods Our data came from a sample (N = 291) of primarily adults with SCD participating in the Improving Patient Outcomes with Respect and Trust (IMPORT) study, which is a federally funded observational study of SCD patient experiences in seeking healthcare. Attitudes toward clinical trials were assessed using items from the Perceptions of Participation in Clinical Research instrument. Patient factors examined as potential correlates of clinical trial attitudes were demographics, disease severity, engagement in self-care, trust, healthcare experience ratings, and prior history of participation in clinical trials. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify patient-level correlates of clinical trial attitudes. Results Our sample of SCD patients expressed overwhelmingly favorable attitudes about clinical trials, with 77%–92% of our sample expressing agreement with a series of positive statements about clinical trials in general. Demographics, engagement in self-care, healthcare experience ratings, and prior trial participation each explained significant portions of the variability in clinical trial attitudes. Limitations The generalizability of our results to the entire SCD population may be of concern as the study participants were all receiving care at comprehensive sickle cell centers and already participating in clinical research. Conclusion Our results suggest that, in principle, adults with SCD enrolled in an observational study express very positive general attitudes about clinical trial participation and that specific factors attached to particular clinical trial opportunities may play a greater role in a SCD patient’s decision to participate than a general unwillingness to participate.
No evidence of nitrate tolerance caused by nebivolol
Authors: Stoschitzky Kurt , Stoschitzky Gergana , Pieske Burkert , Wascher Thomas 
Published: February 2014

Background: Continuous long-term treatment with nitrates may cause nitrate tolerance. Nebivolol is a highly selective beta1-adrenergic antagonist with additional nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilatory effects. However, there have been no investigations into whether or not the long-term administration of nebivolol might cause nitrate tolerance. Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 16 healthy men. Subjects received 5 mg nebivolol or placebo once daily for 8 days in random order divided by a drug-free interval of 2 weeks. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography 3 h after oral intake of the first and last doses of nebivolol and placebo, respectively. FBF was measured again following the intravenous administration of 4 μg nitroglycerin/kg body weight/min for 5 min. Results: Following 8 days of continuous intake of placebo, nitroglycerin increased FBF by 54% ( p < 0.05), whereas nitroglycerin increased FBF by 96% ( p < 0.01) following 8 days of continuous intake of nebivolol, and the increase after 8 days of nebivolol was significantly ( p < 0.05) more pronounced than after 8 days of placebo. Conclusions: These findings indicate no evidence of nitrate tolerance caused by long-term administration of nebivolol. On the contrary, long-term intake of nebivolol increases rather than decreases the NO-mediated vasodilating effects.
G-749, a novel FLT3 kinase inhibitor, can overcome drug resistance for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lee Hee Kyu , Kim Hong Woo , Lee In Yong , Lee Jungmi , Lee Jaekyoo , Jung Dong Sik , Lee Sang Yeop , Park Sung Ho , Hwang Haejun , Choi Jang-Sik , Kim Jung-Ho , Kim Se Won , Kim Jung Keun , Cools Jan , Koh Jong Sung , Song Ho-Juhn 
Published: February 2014

Key Points
A novel inhibitor G-749 is very potent against FLT3 kinase mutants including D835Y and ITD/F691L that confer resistance to PKC412 and AC220. G-749 shows several desirable characteristics to overcome other drug resistances conferred by patient plasma, FLT3 ligand, and stromal cells.
Increased BCR responsiveness in B cells from patients with chronic GVHD
Authors: Allen Jessica L. , Tata Prasanthi V. , Fore Matthew S. , Wooten Jenna , Rudra Sharmistha , Deal Allison M. , Sharf Andrew , Hoffert Todd , Roehrs Philip A. , Shea Thomas C. , Serody Jonathan S. , Richards Kristy L. , Jagasia Madan , Lee Stephanie J. , Rizzieri David , Horwitz Mitchell E. , Chao Nelson J. , Sarantopoulos Stefanie 
Published: February 2014

Key Points
Human cGVHD B cells have increased proximal BCR signaling protein expression and are more BCR responsive than non-cGVHD B cells. Inhibiting Syk kinase activity abrogates the BCR-driven ex vivo proliferative and survival advantage of human chronic GVHD B cells.
Positive expiratory pressure techniques in respiratory patients: old evidence and new insights
Authors: Clini E. 
Published: February 2014

Educational aimsTo describe the rationale for the use of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) techniques as a means of chest physiotherapy in respiratory patients.To compare both the effectiveness and problems of the most popular PEP devices in clinical practice.To introduce the impact and potential interest of temporary PEP (TPEP) techniques in this field.SummaryIn recent years, a large number of PEP devices, used to assist in airway clearance or, at the very least, to allow for effective self-administered physiotherapy, have been developed. A secondary clinically relevant objective of these devices is to prevent recurring infections and atelectasis, or to improve pulmonary mechanics and facilitate gas exchange, thus lowering the impact of disease progression. The use of PEP devices in this field has become widely accepted for two main reasons: 1) their clinical efficacy, which is as great as that of conventional chest physiotherapy practice, and 2) the high level of acceptance and compliance by patients, which makes PEP devices very useful in the domiciliary environment. The functional and clinical response of any specific PEP device, with or without vibration effect, may vary according to a specific diagnostic group. Ultimately, the choice of airway clearance strategy may be the one that is clinically effective, cost-effective and preferred by the patient and which, therefore, supports adherence. Recent technology has enabled the development of a new machine, which is able to apply a TPEP at a level several times lower than that applied with previous devices; thus, at least potentially, it is able to reduce the risk of mechanical stress injury to the bronchial tree and lung parenchyma. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for the use of PEP devices and compare both their effectiveness and problems in clinical practice. Finally, we will introduce the application and potential interest of TPEP as a new means for treating patients with hypersecretion.
Neonatal resuscitation and respiratory support in prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Roehr C.C. , Bohlin K. 
Published: February 2014

Educational aimsTo understand the physiology of respiratory support immediately after birthTo learn the current guidelines for neonatal resuscitationTo discuss noninvasive ventilation strategies in relation to development of bronchopulmonary dysplasiaSummaryBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common severe adverse pulmonary outcome of preterm birth. Low gestational age and birth weight are the strongest risk factors for the development of BPD, but the pathogenesis is complex. The strategy for respiratory support immediately after birth and during the initial neonatal period may have a critical impact on the development of BPD. The preterm lung is highly susceptible to injury. An understanding the physiology of the first breath, the initiation of breathing and respiratory adaptation after birth is essential for adequate resuscitation measures and a lung protective ventilation strategy. Excessive oxygen use in preterm infants can increase the risk of BPD. The recently developed nomograms for oxygen saturation levels during the neonatal transition phase have become part of the newly revised resuscitation guidelines. For term neonates, starting resuscitation with air, rather than 100% oxygen, is now advised. Preterm infants may require a higher initial inspiratory oxygen fraction than term infants; however, the ideal level remains to be defined. Primary intubation is no longer a prerequisite for preterm survival. Recent trials have demonstrated that even very preterm infants can be safely stabilised after delivery with continuous positive airway pressure and later be selectively treated with surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome. This initially less invasive strategy has the advantage of reducing the need for mechanical ventilation and, thereby, the risk of lung injury; however, to date, it has not been clearly shown to reduce the incidence of BPD. Combining an approach of noninvasive ventilator support with a strategy of minimally invasive surfactant administration is important, but questions remain about the optimal timing, mode of delivery and value of predictive tests for surfactant deficiency.
Analysis of the floral transcriptome of Tarenaya hassleriana (Cleomaceae), a member of the sister group to the Brassicaceae: towards understanding the base of morphological diversity in Brassicales
Authors: Bhide Amey , Schliesky Simon , Reich Marlis , Weber Andreas PM , Becker Annette 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background

Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the Brassicaceae family is the dominant genetic model plant. However, while the flowers within the Brassicaceae members are rather uniform, mainly radially symmetrical, mostly white with fixed organ numbers, species within the Cleomaceae, the sister family to the Brassicaceae show a more variable floral morphology. We were interested in understanding the molecular basis for these morphological differences. To this end, the floral transcriptome of a hybrid Tarenaya hassleriana, a Cleomaceae with monosymmetric, bright purple flowers was sequenced, annotated and analyzed in respect to floral regulators.

Results
We obtained a comprehensive floral transcriptome with high depth and coverage close to saturation analyzed using rarefaction analysis a method well known in biodiversity studies. Gene expression was analyzed by calculating reads per kilobase gene model per million reads (RPKM) and for selected genes in silico expression data was corroborated by qRT-PCR analysis. Candidate transcription factors were identified based on differences in expression pattern between A. thaliana and T. hassleriana, which are likely key regulators of the T. hassleriana specific floral characters such as coloration and male sterility in the hybrid plant used. Analysis of lineage specific genes was carried out with members of the fabids and malvids.

Conclusions
The floral transcriptome of T. hassleriana provides insights into key pathways involved in the regulation of late anthocyanin biosynthesis, male fertility, flowering time and organ growth regulation which are unique traits compared the model organism A. thaliana. Analysis of lineage specific genes carried out with members of the fabids and malvids suggests an extensive gene birth rate in the lineage leading to core Brassicales while only few genes were potentially lost during core Brassicales evolution, which possibly reflects the result of the At-β whole genome duplication. Our analysis should facilitate further analyses into the molecular mechanisms of floral morphogenesis and pigmentation and the mechanisms underlying the rather diverse floral morphologies in the Cleomaceae.
Pressure- versus volume-limited sustained inflations at resuscitation of premature newborn lambs
Authors: Polglase Graeme R , Tingay David G , Bhatia Risha , Berry Clare A , Kopotic Robert J , Kopotic Clinton P , Song Yong , Szyld Edgardo , Jobe Alan H , Pillow Jane J 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Sustained inflations (SI) are advocated for the rapid establishment of FRC after birth in preterm and term infants requiring resuscitation. However, the most appropriate way to deliver a SI is poorly understood. We investigated whether a volume-limited SI improved the establishment of FRC and ventilation homogeneity and reduced lung inflammation/injury compared to a pressure-limited SI.

Methods
131 d gestation lambs were resuscitated with either: i) pressure-limited SI (PressSI: 0-40 cmH2O over 5 s, maintained until 20 s); or ii) volume-limited SI (VolSI: 0-15 mL/kg over 5 s, maintained until 20 s). Following the SI, all lambs were ventilated using volume-controlled ventilation (7 mL/kg tidal volume) for 15 min. Lung mechanics, regional ventilation distribution (electrical impedance tomography), cerebral tissue oxygenation index (near infrared spectroscopy), arterial pressures and blood gas values were recorded regularly. Pressure-volume curves were performed in-situ post-mortem and early markers of lung injury were assessed.

Results
Compared to a pressure-limited SI, a volume-limited SI had increased pressure variability but reduced volume variability. Each SI strategy achieved similar end-inflation lung volumes and regional ventilation homogeneity. Volume-limited SI increased heart-rate and arterial pressure faster than pressure-limited SI lambs, but no differences were observed after 30 s. Volume-limited SI had increased arterial-alveolar oxygen difference due to higher FiO2 at 15 min (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02 respectively). No other inter-group differences in arterial or cerebral oxygenation, blood pressures or early markers of lung injury were evident.

Conclusion
With the exception of inferior oxygenation, a sustained inflation targeting delivery to preterm lambs of 15 mL/kg volume by 5 s did not influence physiological variables or early markers of lung inflammation and injury at 15 min compared to a standard pressure-limited sustained inflation.