bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observer-based adaptive memory event-triggered consensus tracking control for high-speed train under DoS attacks
Authors: Sun Nan , Zhang Tong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the event-triggered consensus tracking of high-speed trains under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A novel anti-disturbance control strategy is proposed, based on an adaptive memory state observer and a disturbance observer. A memory is introduced to buffer system output information which enhancing the precision of the state observer, and the gust disturbance during the high-speed train operation is estimated by the disturbance observer. The Linear Matrix inequality technique is used to obtain the observer feedback coefficient and the controller gain, and the Lyapunov theory is employed to demonstrate the controller’s consistency tracking performance. Applying the memory to the event-triggered mechanism, a new adaptive memory event-triggered scheme is designed to better ensure system performance and effectively prevent the occurrence of Zeno behavior. To achieve precise identification of DoS attacks in the event-triggered environment, a new detection algorithm is proposed. Finally, simulation examples are used to validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme.
Elucidation of the life cycle of a saprotrophic inoperculate discomycete that is associated with pinesap using a polyphasic taxonomic approach
Authors: Demir Özge , Chen Yanpeng , Lambert Christopher , Schüffler Anja , Surup Frank , Stadler Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study deals with the elucidation of the life cycle of an inoperculate discomycete that was eventually collected from conifer wood in South Germany and has become famous for the extraordinary diversity of its secondary metabolites when it was studied extensively during the 1990s. It had then been identified as Lachnum papyraceum (Lachnaceae, Helotiales) based on morphological traits, and extracts from its mycelial cultures were found to possess extraordinary nematicidal and antibiotic activities. Over 60 different secondary metabolites were finally identified from this fungus after extensive variation of culture media and scale-up of production up to 100-L scale. Among the main active principles were mycorrhizin A and chloromycorrhizin A, which had first been reported in 1977 from an unnamed “mycorrhizal” fungus of the hemiparasitic plant, Monotropa hypopitys (pinesap), that was isolated in Sweden. We noted that both the Lachnum strain and the original mycorrhizin producer were still available in the public domain and decided to study them for comparison using a multilocus phylogeny and also generated secondary metabolite profiles of both strains using analytical high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC–DAD/MS). Surprisingly, the sequence data as well as the secondary metabolite profiles of both strains were highly similar, and it was also confirmed by phylogenetic methods that the strains are indeed nested within the genus Lachnum by comparison of their ITS, LSU, and RPB2 sequences. The specimen called L. papyraceum in the old publications was tentatively re-identified by Hans-Otto Baral as L. cf. subvirgineum, but substantial further work on the taxonomy of the genus remains to be done, anyway. We conclude that some Lachnum species have a highly complex but all the more interesting life cycle, and the mycorrhizal symbiont partner may invade the host plant, where it may persist as an endophyte and finally turn saprotrophic on the wood of the senescent pine tree. The taxonomy of these fungi should also be further resolved in the future, using a polythetic concept that includes chemotaxonomic data and a multi-locus genealogy.
The Side-Effects of Imprisonment: Harm to the Family
Authors: Catuara Leonara G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImprisonment affects prisoners’ families. Empirical research tells us that some families benefit from this separation, particularly when they are victims of crime or abuse. But for many, imprisonment has a negative impact on family life, which can be intensified by other pre-existing factors. The main literature on the harm that imprisonment causes family members is empirical, but these empirical findings raise difficult moral questions. How might we approach these side-effects? One view, The Simple View, suggests these side-effects are proportionate so long as the overall harm produced does not outweigh the good punishment aims to achieve. This paper defends The Complex View. Here, proportionality requires us to think about factors beyond the magnitude of harm. Drawing upon existing moral and political philosophy, I aim to show three other factors that may alter how certain harms and benefits figure in proportionality calculations.
Macht-Wissens-Komplexe, Normen und Hierarchien in polyamoren Beziehungen: Kommunikation, Mustergültigkeit und Diskriminierung
Authors: Aurel Tonina Liriel 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Polyamorie verweist auf romantische Beziehungen zwischen mehreren Personen, welche durch hohe Vielfalt und Individualität gekennzeichnet sind. Angesichts der Vielfältigkeit und Komplexität von polyamoren Beziehungen, ist zu erwarten, dass Normen und Macht-Wissens-Komplexe eine wichtige Rolle spielen, vielleicht sogar Polyamorie als solche prägen. Um Macht und Normen als für Polyamorie bedeutsame Strukturen zu verstehen, erscheint eine Untersuchung einzelner Normen oder spezifischer Erfahrungsdimensionen unzureichend. Um nachzuvollziehen, was polyamore Beziehungen prägt, braucht es eine Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Elementen polyamorer Lebensformen wie Normen, Macht-Wissens-Komplexen und Hierarchisierungen innerhalb der Beziehungen. Daher wird in diesem Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern sich Macht-Wissens-Komplexe, Normen und Hierarchisierungen in diskursiven Strukturen innerhalb polyamorer Beziehungen manifestieren und in welchem Maße wechselseitige Verknüpfungen zwischen ihnen bestehen.Mithilfe problemzentrierter, diskursanalytisch ausgewerteter Interviews mit 16 Personen, die sich als polyamor verstehen, wurden drei analytische Kategorien gebildet: die allumfassende Kommunikation, die konsequente Mustergültigkeit und das Diskriminierungsparadoxon. Diese Kategorien wurden anhand der Identifikation, Konzeptualisierung und Verdichtung interviewübergreifender Themen entwickelt und anschließend zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt, um die Komplexität vielfältiger polyamorer Beziehungen nachvollziehen zu können. Die Kategorien sind dahingehend miteinander verknüpft, dass es Normen innerhalb polyamorer Beziehungen gibt, die Verhaltensweisen fördern oder stigmatisieren. Wird diesen Normen gefolgt, erhalten Individuen Anerkennung und Macht. Sie verhalten sich konsequent mustergültig und werden zu Expert*innen, die Abweichungen sanktionieren, Verhalten regulieren und Ideale fördern. Voraussetzung dafür ist allumfassende Kommunikation. Expert*innen exkludieren jene, die normativ unzureichend kommunizieren. Mittels Mustergültigkeit wird argumentiert, gesellschaftlich inkludiert zu werden, wobei es um die Erfüllung eines Bedürfnisses nach Anerkennung geht.
Influence of Artificial Pit on Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of 316LN SS and Its Weldment
Authors: Poonguzhali A. , Ningshen S. , Amarendra G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effect of cyclic loading on smooth and pre-pitted type 316LN stainless steel and its weldment in acidified chloride environment is investigated in this study. The onset of fatigue cracks at the bottom of the pit is brought on by the maximum stress concentration effect in acidified chloride environment. Pre-pitted specimens exhibit a more pronounced fatigue life reduction compared to smooth specimens at lower stress amplitudes. The growth of a microscopic crack from an artificial pit, which is influenced by the combined effects of the pit electrolyte and stress concentration factor, is vital for maintaining structural integrity.
Evaluation of extra pixel interpolation with mask processing for medical image segmentation with deep learning
Authors: Rukundo Olivier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent mask processing operations rely on interpolation algorithms that do not produce extra pixels, such as nearest neighbor (NN) interpolation, as opposed to algorithms that do produce extra pixels, like bicubic (BIC) or bilinear (BIL) interpolation. In our previous study, the author proposed an alternative approach to NN-based mask processing and evaluated its effects on deep learning training outcomes. In this study, the author evaluated the effects of both BIC-based image and mask processing and BIC-and-NN-based image and mask processing versus NN-based image and mask processing. The evaluation revealed that the BIC-BIC model/network was an 8.9578% (with image size 256 × 256) and a 1.0496% (with image size 384 × 384) increase of the NN-NN network compared to the NN-BIC network which was an 8.3127% (with image size 256 × 256) and a 0.2887% (with image size 384 × 384) increase of the NN-NN network.
Cascading Recovery of Added-Value Cocoa Bean Shell Fractions Through Autohydrolysis Treatments
Authors: Sánchez Marta , Ferreira-Santos Pedro , Gomes-Dias Joana S. , Laca Amanda , Rocha Cristina M. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, an autohydrolysis treatment was applied to cocoa bean shells (CBS) to obtain different potentially added-value fractions rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential and oligosaccharides with potential prebiotic properties. The final residue was enzymatically treated to deliver sugars that can undergo fermentation-based biotransformation. This hydrothermal pretreatment was assessed for maximum temperatures (Tmax) between 120 to 200 °C and severities (S0) between 1.1 and 3.4. The highest oligosaccharide concentration (5.5 g/L) was achieved at S0 of 3.4. The increase of S0 during the process allowed to increase the recovery of interesting bioactive compounds, achieving a maximum TPC and antioxidant activity of 2.8 g/L and 17178.5 µmol Fe2+/L, respectively, when the Tmax reached 200 °C. However, at this temperature, a significant amount of degradation products such as organic acids and HMF was already formed, and a compromise temperature of 160 °C was chosen for further tests. It was possible to obtain a maximum glucose yield of 71% when the pretreated solids were enzymatically hydrolysed. Hence, the use of autohydrolysis, avoiding the use of toxic chemicals, has proved to be a sustainable alternative to obtain different CBS fractions with interesting composition to be potentially employed in multiple sectors.
ESenTRy: an on-site earthquake early warning system based on the instrumental modified Mercalli intensity
Authors: Kafadar Özkan , Tunç Süleyman , Tunç Berna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarthquake early warning systems (EEWSs) are real-time seismology-based applications that purpose to reduce earthquake damage by taking some precautions for environments that are likely to be damaged. These systems are divided into two categories as on-site and regional. In this study, an on-site EEWS called ESenTRy, consisting of an accelerometer, GPS and communication components, has been designed. In this scope, a Windows operating system-based software has been developed using the .NET Framework and C# language. The developed software has the ability to read the Güralp Compressed Format strong motion data in real-time, compute the strong motion indices such as destructive intensity, real-time intensity and instrumental modified Mercalli intensity, issue an alarm in the target area and alert the defined Modbus clients. To test the reliability of ESenTRy, two simulations have been performed using the strong motion data belonging to the magnitude 7.7 Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık earthquake that occurred in Türkiye on February 6, 2023, at 01:17:32 UTC and magnitude 5.9 Düzce-Gölyaka earthquake that occurred in Türkiye on December 23, 2022, at 01:08:15 UTC. In the test applications, depending on the distance between the stations and earthquake epicenters, the time difference between the Level-2 alarm trigger times and S-wave arrival times varied between 1.5 and 16 s, while the time difference between the Level-2 alarm trigger times and P wave arrival times varied between 0.5 and 29.5 s. The flowchart diagrams of the developed algorithm and results obtained from the simulations are presented in detail.
Uncertainty modeling and propagation for groundwater flow: a comparative study of surrogates
Authors: Ernst Oliver G. , Sprungk Björn , Zhang Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe compare sparse grid stochastic collocation and Gaussian process emulation as surrogates for the parameter-to-observation map of a groundwater flow problem related to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad, NM. The goal is the computation of the probability distribution of a contaminant particle travel time resulting from uncertain knowledge about the transmissivity field. The latter is modelled as a lognormal random field which is fitted by restricted maximum likelihood estimation and universal kriging to observational data as well as geological information including site-specific trend regression functions obtained from technical documentation. The resulting random transmissivity field leads to a random groundwater flow and particle transport problem which is solved realization-wise using a mixed finite element discretization. Computational surrogates, once constructed, allow sampling the quantities of interest in the uncertainty analysis at substantially reduced computational cost. Special emphasis is placed on explaining the differences between the two surrogates in terms of computational realization and interpretation of the results. Numerical experiments are given for illustration.
Liver function maximum capacity test during normothermic regional perfusion predicts graft function after transplantation
Authors: Schurink Ivo J. , de Goeij Femke H. C. , van der Heijden Fenna J. , van Rooden Rutger M. , van Dijk Madeleine C. , Polak Wojciech G. , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Huurman Volkert A. L. , de Jonge Jeroen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In an effort to reduce waitlist mortality, extended criteria donor organs, including those from donation after circulatory death (DCD), are being used with increasing frequency. These donors carry an increased risk for postoperative complications, and balancing donor-recipient risks is currently based on generalized nomograms. Abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (aNRP) enables individual evaluation of DCD organs, but a gold standard to determine suitability for transplantation is lacking. This study aimed to incorporate individualized and predictive measurements of the liver maximum capacity (LiMAx) test to objectively grade liver function during aNRP and prevent post-op complications.

Methods
aNRP was performed to salvage 18 DCD liver grafts, otherwise discarded. Continuous variables were presented as the median with the interquartile range.

Results
The liver function maximum capacity (LiMAx) test was successfully performed within the aNRP circuit in 17 aNRPs (94%). Donor livers with good lactate clearance during aNRP demonstrated significantly higher LiMAx scores (396 (301–451) µg/kg/h versus those who did not 105 (70–158) µg/kg/h; P = 0.006). This was also true for manifesting stress hyperglycemia > 20 mmol/l (P = 0.032). LiMAx score correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT; R =  − 0.755) and aspartate transaminase (AST; R =  − 0.800) levels during perfusion and distinguished livers that were selected for transplantation (397 (346–453) µg/kg/h) from those who were discarded (155 (87–206) µg/kg/h; P < 0.001). Twelve livers were accepted for transplantation, blinded for LiMAx results, and all had LiMAx scores of > 241 µg/kg/h. Postoperatively, LiMAx during aNRP displayed correlation with 24-h lactate levels.

Conclusions
This study shows for the first time the feasibility to assess liver function during aNRP in individual donor livers. LiMAx presents an objective tool to predict donor liver function and risk of complications in the recipient, thus enabling individualized matching of donor livers for an individual recipient. The LiMAx test may present a valuable test for the prediction of donor liver function, preventing post-transplant complication, and personalizing the selection of donor livers for individual recipients.
The state of the Yamuna River: a detailed review of water quality assessment across the entire course in India
Authors: Sharma Madhuben , Rawat Sameeksha , Kumar Dheeraj , Awasthi Amit , Sarkar Abhijit , Sidola Atul , Choudhury Tanupriya , Kotecha Ketan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Yamuna River, a vital water source in India, poses a profound challenge concerning water purity across its entire stretch. The comprehensive review aims to thoroughly examine the river's water quality, shedding light on the sources of pollution and their consequences for both ecological systems and public health. The primary objective of this review is to examine the published research papers concerning the Yamuna River water quality stretching from Yamunotri to Prayagraj and its resulting impact on human health. This paper also comprises a wide range of pollutants mainly caused by human activity; during the strange period of COVID-19 lockdown, when all industries were closed, resulting in changes in water quality, signifies the destructive effects of human activity on the river. Studies uncover that the most contaminated areas are Nizamuddin of Delhi region and D/S of Agra in Uttar Pradesh, which includes the foremost level of faecal coliforms to be around 210000–11000000 and 450–6100000, respectively. The total coliforms were found to be between 700000–28000000 and 2200–32000000, respectively. Biochemical oxygen demands, industrial discharge, urban waste and agriculture are identified as the most responsible factors for this contamination. After the COVID-19 lockdown, all industries were open, and now, the conditions are the same as before COVID-19. The primary insight to be assembled is that the ecological balance of the Yamuna River and public health depend on the immediate requirement for effective wastewater treatment solutions. Besides offering valuable data by compiling findings from multiple studies, this review underscores the importance of implementing stringent regulations on industrial emissions, upgrading sewage treatment plants, and promoting eco-friendly farming methods to tackle pollution in the Yamuna River and also manage the rural and urban areas of the sewage pipeline plan. It stresses the importance of safeguarding the Yamuna River ecosystem's inherent socioeconomic benefits while alleviating the environmental harm caused by pervasive pollution. Essentially, the study calls for prompt and comprehensive measures to ensure the sustainable health of this crucial water resource in India.
Predicting heavy metal transport in groundwater around Lemna dumpsite: implications for residence utilizing borehole water in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Igelle Evaristus Idaga , Phil-Eze Philip Ogbonnia , Obeta Michael Chukwuma , Abdelrahman Kamal , Andráš Peter , Ekwok Stephen E. , Eldosuoky Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGroundwater is considered the most important natural resource to mankind. Groundwater constitutes an important part of the hydrological cycle and is more prone to pollution. Dumpsite located in close proximity to groundwater resources is highly susceptible to leachates pollution. Predicting the susceptibility of groundwater pollution is crucial to address industry-standard codes for groundwater flow, contaminant transport, local to regional-scale water quality, and source water protection issues. Therefore, predicting heavy metal transport in groundwater around Lemna dumpsite in Cross River State, Nigeria, was examined. Soil samples were purposively collected with a soil Auger, along a straight line at (5 m, 25 m and 50 m) in the dumpsite. Water samples were purposively collected from five (5) boreholes close to Lemna dumpsite. The study utilized pumping test method to obtain data for the analysis of heavy metal transport in groundwater. Data analysis of the laboratory results of soil and borehole water quality focuses on arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and mercury. Paired sample t test was used to analyse the soil and borehole water quality. Visual Modflow was also used to analyse the solute transport of heavy metals in groundwater around Lemna dumpsite. The paired sample t test of the analysis of heavy metals in soil exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to National Environmental Standard Regulation and Enforcement Agency limits. The paired sample t test of the analysis of heavy metals in borehole water exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to World Health Organization limits. The significant level indicates contamination of the soil and borehole water. The findings revealed a spatial spread of 259.2000 m2/day, with the contaminant travelling up to 94,608 m2/year. The extent of heavy metals concentration exhibited a maximum of 0.991 mg/l to a minimum of (− 6.72 × 10–18 mg/l), with concentrations decreasing as the plume extend. The study recommends the need for remediation and stringent monitoring to mitigate heavy metal contamination of boreholes near Lemna dumpsite.
Protease-activated CendR peptides targeting tenascin-C: mitigating off-target tissue accumulation
Authors: Tobi Allan , Haugas Maarja , Rabi Kristina , Sethi Jhalak , Põšnograjeva Kristina , Paiste Päärn , Jagomäe Toomas , Pleiko Karlis , Lingasamy Prakash , Teesalu Tambet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo achieve precision and selectivity, anticancer compounds and nanoparticles (NPs) can be targeted with affinity ligands that engage with malignancy-associated molecules in the blood vessels. While tumor-penetrating C-end Rule (CendR) peptides hold promise for precision tumor delivery, C-terminally exposed CendR peptides can accumulate undesirably in non-malignant tissues expressing neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), such as the lungs. One example of such promiscuous peptides is PL3 (sequence: AGRGRLVR), a peptide that engages with NRP-1 through its C-terminal CendR element, RLVR.Here, we report the development of PL3 derivatives that bind to NRP-1 only after proteolytic processing by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), while maintaining binding to the other receptor of the peptide, the C-domain of tenascin-C (TNC-C). Through a rational design approach and screening of a uPA-treated peptide-phage library (PL3 peptide followed by four random amino acids) on the recombinant NRP-1, derivatives of the PL3 peptide capable of binding to NRP-1 only post-uPA processing were successfully identified. In vitro cleavage, binding, and internalization assays, along with in vivo biodistribution studies in orthotopic glioblastoma-bearing mice, confirmed the efficacy of two novel peptides, PL3uCendR (AGRGRLVR↓SAGGSVA) and SKLG (AGRGRLVR↓SKLG), which exhibit uPA-dependent binding to NRP-1, reducing off-target binding to healthy NRP-1-expressing tissues. Our study not only unveils novel uPA-dependent TNC-C targeting CendR peptides but also introduces a broader paradigm and establishes a technology for screening proteolytically activated tumor-penetrating peptides.
Graphical Abstract