bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmed death 1 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator immunoreceptors and their association with malignant T‐lymphoproliferative disorders: brief review
Authors: Karakatsanis Stamatis , Bertsias George , Roussou Paraskevi , Boumpas Dimitrios 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMalignant T‐cell lymphoproliferative diseases are relatively rare. T cells are activated through the T‐cell receptor with the aid of costimulating molecules that can be either excitatory or inhibitory. Such pathways have been also implicated in mechanisms of malignant T‐cell lymphoproliferative diseases' persistence and relapse by circumventing immune responses. To date, three major immunoinhibitory molecules have been recognized, namely programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4). Although CTLA‐4 is considered the ‘gatekeeper’ of immune tolerance, PD‐1 negatively regulates immune responses broadly, whereas BTLA activation has been shown to inhibit CD8+ cancer‐specific T cells. Both PD‐1 and BTLA downregulate proximal T‐cell receptor signalling cascade and are involved in immune evasion of leukaemias and lymphomas, even after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These immunoregulatory molecules can have seemingly a synergistic effect on weakening the immune response of patients with haematological malignancies, and their manipulation represents a very active field of preclinical as well as clinical interest. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Ves‐Matic Cube 200 For Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Determination
Authors: Sezer Sevilay , Yilmaz Fatma Meriç , Kaya Oğuzhan , Uysal Sema 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundInternational Council for Standardization in Haematology suggested Westergren method as the reference method to analyze erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). However, in recent years closed automated systems that measure ESR directly from a capped EDTA blood sample tube have been developed. We evaluated the analytic performance of one of these new methods, the Ves‐Matic Cube 200.MethodsK2EDTA and citrated blood samples were taken from 101 randomly selected outpatients in Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital. The ESR results using Ves‐Matic Cube 200 and Westergren as reference method from 101 patients were compared and interference studies were performed.ResultsWe found the mean difference between the two methods as 0.19 ± 15.85 mm/hr (−3.317 to 2.940 mm/hr, 95% confidence interval). Regression analysis yielded the equation “y = −2.59 + 1.15x” between the two methods (r = 0.82).ConclusionsVes‐Matic Cube 200 should be monitored carefully for good quality control. Temperature correction should be applied to study control material as recommended by the manufacturer. Ves‐Matic Cube 200 device should be monitored carefully, performance studies should be performed, and the results should be checked in order to eliminate the random errors during the routine studies.
Unfavorable hip stress distribution after Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome: A 25‐year follow‐up of 135 hips
Authors: Kocjančič Boštjan , Moličnik Andrej , Antolič Vane , Mavčič Blaž , Kralj‐Iglič Veronika , Vengust Rok 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTTo study the effect of hip and pelvis geometry on development of the hip after Perthes disease, we determined the resultant hip force and contact hip stress distribution in a population of 135 adult hips of patients who had been treated for Perthes disease in childhood. Contra‐lateral hips with no record of disease were taken as the control population. Biomechanical parameters were determined by mathematical models for resultant hip force in one‐legged stance and for contact hip stress, which use as an input the geometrical parameters assessed from anteroposterior radiographs. The mathematical model for stress was upgraded to account for the deviation of the femoral head shape from spherical. No differences were found in resultant hip force and in peak contact hip stress between the hips that were in childhood subject to Perthes disease and the control population, but a considerable (148%) and significant (p < 0.001) difference was found in the contact hip stress gradient index, expressing an unfavorable, steep decrease of contact stress at the lateral acetabular rim. This finding indicates an increased risk of early coxarthritis in hips subject to Perthes disease. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:8–16, 2014.
Reconstructing Holocene sea level using salt‐marsh foraminifera and transfer functions: lessons from New Jersey, USA
Authors: KEMP ANDREW C. , TELFORD RICHARD J. , HORTON BENJAMIN P. , ANISFELD SHIMON C. , SOMMERFIELD CHRISTOPHER K. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTWe present an expanded training set of salt‐marsh foraminifera for reconstructing Holocene relative sea‐level change from 12 sites in New Jersey that represent varied physiographic environments. Seven groups of foraminifera are recognized, including four high‐ or transitional‐marsh assemblages and a low‐salinity assemblage. A weighted‐averaging transfer function trained on this dataset was applied to a dated core from Barnegat Bay to reconstruct sea level with uncertainties of ± 14% of tidal range. We evaluate the transfer function using seven tests. (1) Leave‐one‐site‐out cross validation suggests that training sets of salt‐marsh foraminifera are robust to spatial autocorrelation caused by sampling along transects. (2) Segment‐wise analysis shows that the transfer function performs best at densely sampled elevations and overall estimates of model performance are over optimistic. (3) Dissimilarity and (4) non‐metric multi‐dimensional scaling evaluated the analogy between modern and core samples. The closest modern analogues for core samples were drawn from six sites demonstrating the necessity of a multi‐site training set. (5) Goodness‐of‐fit statistics assessed the validity of reconstructions. (6) The transfer function failed a test of significance because of the unusual properties of some cores selected for sea‐level reconstruction. (7) Agreement between reconstructed sea level and tide‐gauge measurements demonstrates the transfer function's utility. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of prebiotic carbohydrates on growth, bile survival and cholesterol uptake abilities of dairy‐related bacteria
Authors: Ziar Hasnia , Gérard Philippe , Riazi Ali 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThree strains of lactic acid bacteria and one probiotic Bifidobacterium strain sourced from milk origin were considered to select for the best synbiotic‐like combination for cholesterol uptake ability. For that purpose, fermentative characteristics, bile salt hydrolase activity, bile survival and cholesterol removal were assessed in the presence of different carbohydrates.RESULTSCarbohydrate fermentability was highly variable among the different strains, and lactulose was the only prebiotic to favour growth of all strains, whereas pectin led to low population regardless of the strain. Bile survival of bacteria could be improved by the preferred carbon source and was related to their bile salt hydrolase activities. All together, our results showed that the most advantageous synbiotic‐like combinations to achieve cholesterol uptake abilities were Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LB 340 with raffinose, Streptococcus thermophilus TA040 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus LBRE‐LSAS with lactulose, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 with mannitol.CONCLUSIONThe suggested synbiotics may represent new promising functional dairy additives. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic induction of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression by vitamin D and stilbenoids
Authors: Guo Chunxiao , Sinnott Brian , Niu Brenda , Lowry Malcolm B. , Fantacone Mary L. , Gombart Adrian F. 
Published: September 2013

ScopeThe cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is induced by 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), lithocholic acid, curcumin, nicotinamide, and butyrate. Discovering additional small molecules that regulate its expression will identify new molecular mechanisms involved in CAMP regulation and increase understanding of how diet and nutrition can improve immune function.Methods and resultsWe discovered that two stilbenoids, resveratrol and pterostilbene, induced CAMP promoter‐luciferase expression. Synergistic activation was observed when either stilbenoid was combined with 1α,25(OH)2D3. Both stilbenoids increased CAMP mRNA and protein levels in the monocyte cell line U937 and synergy was observed in both U937 and the keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Inhibition of resveratrol targets sirtuin‐1, cyclic AMP production and the c‐Jun N‐terminal, phosphoinositide 3 and AMP‐activated kinases did not block induction of CAMP by resveratrol or synergy with 1α,25(OH)2D3. Nevertheless, inhibition of the extracellular signal regulated 1/2 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases, increased CAMP gene expression in combination with 1α,25(OH)2D3 suggesting that inhibition of these kinases by resveratrol may explain, in part, its synergy with vitamin D.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate for the first time that stilbenoid compounds may have the potential to boost the innate immune response by increasing CAMP gene expression, particularly in combination with 1α,25(OH)2D3.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, a DYRK1A inhibitor, rescues cognitive deficits in Down syndrome mouse models and in humans
Authors: De la Torre Rafael , De Sola Susana , Pons Meritxell , Duchon Arnaud , de Lagran María Martínez , Farré Magí , Fitó Montserrat , Benejam Bessy , Langohr Klaus , Rodriguez Joan , Pujadas Mitona , Bizot Jean Charles , Cuenca Aída , Janel Nathalie , Catuara Silvina , Covas Maria Isabel , Blehaut Henri , Herault Yann , Delabar Jean Marie , Dierssen Mara 
Published: September 2013

ScopeTrisomy for human chromosome 21 results in Down syndrome (DS), which is among the most complex genetic perturbations leading to intellectual disability. Accumulating data suggest that overexpression of the dual‐specificity tyrosine‐(Y)‐phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), is a critical pathogenic mechanisms in the intellectual deficit.Methods and resultsHere we show that the green tea flavonol epigallocatechin‐gallate (EGCG), a DYRK1A inhibitor, rescues the cognitive deficits of both segmental trisomy 16 (Ts65Dn) and transgenic mice overexpressing Dyrk1A in a trisomic or disomic genetic background, respectively. It also significantly reverses cognitive deficits in a pilot study in DS individuals with effects on memory recognition, working memory and quality of life. We used the mouse models to ensure that EGCG was able to reduce DYRK1A kinase activity in the hippocampus and found that it also induced significant changes in plasma homocysteine levels, which were correlated with Dyrk1A expression levels. Thus, we could use plasma homocysteine levels as an efficacy biomarker in our human study.ConclusionWe conclude that EGCG is a promising therapeutic tool for cognitive enhancement in DS, and its efficacy may depend of Dyrk1A inhibition.
Sex differences in time to task failure during early pubertal development
Authors: Rudroff Thorsten , Holmes Matthew R. , Melanson Edward L. , Kelsey Megan M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We compared fatigability and activation of elbow flexor muscles in children at 3 pubertal stages during a sustained submaximal contraction. Methods: In 72 healthy children (39 boys) aged 11 ± 3 years (range, 8–14 years), differences in fatigability (time to task failure) and muscle activation were compared at 3 Tanner stages (T1–T3). Results: Time to task failure and muscle activation were similar between boys and girls at prepubertal Tanner stage 1. Time to task failure was briefer for girls than boys at Tanner stages 2 and 3 and was predicted by the coactivation indices and percent body fat in girls. Muscle torque was the only predictor for the time to task failure in boys. Conclusions: Differences in fatigability and muscle coactivation were evident during the initial pubertal stages (T2 and T3), but not before the onset of puberty (T1). Muscle Nerve 49: 887–894, 2014
Case‐crossover study design in pharmacoepidemiology: systematic review and recommendations
Authors: Consiglio Giulia P. , Burden Andrea M. , Maclure Malcolm , McCarthy Lisa , Cadarette Suzanne M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study is to systematically identify and review articles that use the case‐crossover study design in the area of pharmacoepidemiology.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE® (Ovid Technologies, New York City, NY, USA), EMBASE® (Elsevier Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA), and Web of Science® (Thomson Reuters, New York City, NY, USA) was completed to identify all English language articles that applied the case‐crossover study design in the area of pharmacoepidemiology. The number of reviews, methodological contributions, and empirical pharmacoepidemiologic applications were summarized by publication year. Empirical applications were retrieved, and methodological details (outcome, exposure, exposure windows, sensitivity analysis, statistical reporting) were tabulated and compared to methodological recommendations based on exposure characteristics, exposure windows, and discordant pairs data display.ResultsOf 836 unique articles identified, 99 pharmacoepidemiologic studies were eligible: 20 methodological contributions, 9 review papers, and 70 empirical applications. Only three empirical applications in the area of pharmacoepidemiology were published before 2000. Since 2000, the number of empirical pharmacoepidemiologic applications published annually has generally increased over time, to before a high of 15 published in 2011. The design was mainly applied to examine drug safety (96%), and most applications investigated: psychotropic (24%) and analgesic (17%) exposure drug classes; and considered hospitalization (23%) and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular (21%) events. Only 31% of applications displayed sufficient data to enable readers to confirm odds ratios presented.ConclusionsUse of the case‐crossover design in pharmacoepidemiology has increased rapidly in the last decade. As the application of the case‐crossover design continues to increase, it is important to develop standards of practice, especially for display of data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboplatin Pharmacokinetics in a Patient Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Fong Mei Ka , Fetterly Gerald J. , McDougald Lori J. , Iyer Renuka V. 
Published: September 2013

With refinements and advances in hemodialysis techniques, survival for patients with end‐stage renal disease has improved significantly. To our knowledge, however, no prospective trials have been performed in patients receiving hemodialysis who are also diagnosed with cancer and are candidates for chemotherapy. We describe a 73‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, metastatic to the bone and lymph nodes, and was undergoing hemodialysis. Although cisplatin is more commonly used in the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine cancers, it may not be the best option in patients who suffer from renal insufficiency. Carboplatin is a second‐generation, nonnephrotoxic platinum analog that can be hemodialyzed, although no formal guidelines are available regarding the dosing for patients receiving hemodialysis. This case describes a patient who was treated with five cycles of combination carboplatin 115 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide 50 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 3 of a 28‐day cycle. Dialysis was performed for 3.5 hours starting 90 minutes after completion of carboplatin on day 1. Pharmacokinetic assessments were performed at 1, 2, 4, and 12 hours after chemotherapy infusion on day 1 of cycle 1. Total carboplatin concentrations in plasma and platinum ultrafiltrate were measured. The plasma concentration of free platinum at the end of the infusion was 31,000 ng/ml, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 2.9 minute·mg/ml. No significant carboplatin‐related toxicities were reported. This case report indicates that carboplatin can be safely administered in patients receiving hemodialysis.
Atmospheric response to sea‐surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Atlantic at quasi‐biweekly time‐scales
Authors: de Coëtlogon Gaëlle , Leduc‐Leballeur Marion , Meynadier Rémi , Bastin Sophie , Diakhaté Moussa , Eymard Laurence , Giordani Hervé , Janicot Serge , Lazar Alban 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe surface‐wind response to sea‐surface temperature (SST) and SST meridional gradient is investigated in the Gulf of Guinea by using daily observations and re‐analyses in the 2000–2009 decade, with a focus on boreal spring and summer months (May to August), where quasi‐biweekly fluctuations in the position of the northern front of the equatorial cold tongue induce quasi‐biweekly equatorial SST anomalies. Following a large‐scale wind acceleration (deceleration), an equatorial SST cold (warm) anomaly is created within a few days. In order to explain the local atmospheric response to this SST anomaly, the two following mechanisms are invoked: first, a colder (warmer) ocean decreases (increases) the vertical stability in the marine atmospheric boundary layer, which favours a weaker (stronger) surface wind; and second, a negative (positive) anomaly of SST meridional gradient induces a positive (negative) anomaly of the sea‐level‐pressure meridional gradient, which decelerates (accelerates) the surface wind. The first mechanism has an immediate effect in the equatorial belt between 1°S and 1°N (and to a lesser extent between 3°S and 1°S), whereas the second takes 1 or 2 days to adjust and damps anomalous southeasterlies up to 800 hPa in the low troposphere between 7°S and 1°N, through reversed anomalies of meridional SST and pressure gradient. This negative feedback leads to weaker (stronger) winds in the southeastern tropical Atlantic, which forces the opposite phase of the oscillation within about 1 week. Around the Equator, where the amplitude of the oscillation is found to be maximal, both mechanisms combine to maximize the wind response to the front fluctuations. Between the Equator and the coast, a low‐level secondary atmospheric circulation takes control of the surface‐wind acceleration or deceleration around 3°N, which reduces the influence of the SST‐front fluctuations.
Occupancy dynamics in small‐stream habitats: niches define the responses to floods by two neotropical fishes
Authors: Hakamada Karlo Yoshihiro Pioto , Penha Jerry 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe modeled the occupancy dynamics of the benthic chum‐chum (Pimelodellacf.gracilis) and the midwater threespot leporinus (Leporinus friderici) to determine how these fish species respond to disturbances caused by stream flooding. Fieldwork was conducted in two neotropical streams in central Brazil. Both species occupied fewer sites during floods than during periods with stable hydrology. The percentage of sites occupied by threespot leporinus increased from 57 to 75 %, and the percentage occupied by chum‐chum increased from 27 to 87 %. Threespot leporinus moved upstream after floods, first recolonizing the sites farthest downstream and then recolonizing those farthest upstream. In contrast, chum‐chum remained in several scattered sites along the stream during floods and recolonized nearby sites from these sources (i.e., colonization was not spatially concentrated). During wet hydroperiods, chum‐chum used sites with water velocities ranging from 0.35 to 0.75 m/s. During the dry period, this range increased to 0.20–0.90 m/s (in sites that were colonized after the floods ended). Our results also showed that both species were more easily detected by snorkeling during the dry hydroperiod and that characteristics such as the substrate type and water velocity had different effects on the detectability of the two species. Overall, our study indicated that the annual persistence of threespot leporinus depends largely on seasonal upstream‐biased movement, whereas the chum‐chum population depends on the seasonal scattered colonization of temporary sites.
Fire as a stimulant of shrub recruitment in northwestern Patagonian (Argentina) grasslands
Authors: Dudinszky N. , Ghermandi L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOne strategy of plant survival during post‐fire succession is to persist and regenerate by recruiting new individuals from a fire‐resistant seed bank. The heat, smoke, and charcoal released during plant combustion may act (individually or in combination) as a cue for post‐fire seed germination. Fabiana imbricata is a shrub that forms persistent seed banks in the northwestern Patagonian grasslands and shows a high recruitment from seeds during post‐fire succession. Mathematical models showed that this species is advancing over the grasslands in response to fires. To corroborate these findings, we studied the role of fire on F. imbricata seed germination. In order to achieve this, a factorial experiment was designed in laboratory conditions to study the effect of heat, charcoal, smoke, scarification, and their interactions on F. imbricata seed germination. Seeds treated with the higher temperatures required a longer period of time to germinate, thus, significantly affecting the mean germination time. Total germination percentages in F. imbricata were significantly enhanced by smoke and scarification, but the interaction of heat, smoke, and scarification was more important than the effect of each fire factor alone. The positive response to fire cues exhibited by F. imbricata indicates that this species would have an adaptive advantage to colonize these grasslands if fire frequency increased, as predicted for this environment. Hence, fire will contribute to the grassland encroachment by this species and, therefore, to the loss of biodiversity and productivity of northwestern Patagonian grasslands.
New U-Pb Ages of Zircons in the Owk Shale (Kurnool Group) with Reflections on Proterozoic Porcellanites in India
Authors: Bickford M. E. , Saha D. , Schieber J. , Kamenov G. , Russell A. , Basu A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:
Felsic tuff beds with some presumed sedimentary components were reported from the Owk Shale (Kurnool Group; bearing Neoproterozoic fossils) in the upper part of the sedimentary succession in the Cuddapah basin in India by Saha and Tripathy (2012a). Our optical and SEM petrographic study of three thin sections, however, indicates that the parent samples are sandy mudstones with variable amounts of a felsic volcaniclastic component. New high-quality U-Pb (SHRIMP and LA-MC-ICPMS) ages of 133 detrital zircon grains from a sample show that one grain is ca. 1880 Ma, one grain is ca. 3300 Ma, and the ages of the remaining 131 grains fall between 2690 Ma and 2429 Ma, the population averaging 2522 ± 36 Ma. The data indicate that the zircons are detrital grains derived from the ca. 2.5 Ga granitic/gneissic/greenstone basement of the Dharwar cratons that also host minor older Archean enclaves. The single 1880 Ma grain could have come from a ca. 1.9 Ga LIP. In the absence of any younger magmatic zircon, the absolute age of the Owk Shale remains elusive.