bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A follow-up study of Opisthorchis viverrini infection after the implementation of control program in a rural community, central Thailand
Authors: Suwannahitatorn Picha , Klomjit Saranapoom , Naaglor Tawee , Taamasri Paanjit , Rangsin Ram , Leelayoova Saovanee , Mungthin Mathirut 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Opisthorchis viverrini infection is still one of the public health problems in Thailand. Our recent cohort study conducted in a rural community in central Thailand showed that the incidence rate of O. viverrini infection in 2002–2004 was 21.6/100 person-years. Conventional control activities including case diagnosis and treatment, hygienic defecation promotion and health education focusing on avoiding raw fish consumption was implemented. This study aimed to re-assess the status of infection after implementation of intervention programs, using both quantitative and qualitative methods in 2007–2009.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of O. viverrini infection. Stool examination methods including wet preparation, Kato and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique were performed for the detection of O. viverrini eggs. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess risk behavior. In addition, qualitative information was collected from both O. viverrini negative and positive villagers using focus group discussions.

Results
The incidence of O. viverrini infection was 21.4/100 person-years. Consumption of chopped raw fish salad, Koi pla and age 60 years and older were independently associated with O. viverrini infection, similar to our previous study. Findings from the qualitative study, indicated that inadequate knowledge, misbeliefs, and social and cultural mores were important factors leading to the maintenance of risk behaviors. Moreover, unhygienic defecation and insufficient diagnosis and treatment were found to facilitate O. viverrini transmission.

Conclusion
Although the conventional control program had been used in the study population, the incidence of O. viverrini infection remained the same. Precise and regular health education and promotion targeting the main risk factor, Koi pla consumption, improving diagnosis and treatment, and promoting hygienic defecation should be used in the prevention and control program.
Increased frequency of visits improves the efficiency of surgical global health initiatives
Authors: Byaruhanga Richard , Rourke Ryan , Awubwa Michael , Westerberg Brian D , Rolland J Thomas , Vaccani Jean-Philippe 
Published: June 2013

Background The Uganda Hearing Project is a non-profit program assisting with teaching of ear surgery in Uganda. The project started with cadaveric temporal bone courses in 2003 and 2005, including donation of operating microscopes and ear instruments. In 2006, three surgical groups started regular surgical teaching visits. Methods A retrospective chart review of all cases of middle ear surgery performed in Uganda from 2003 to 2009. Surgeries by local surgeons without foreign presence were coded as ‘local’ and those performed with assistance of visiting surgeons were coded as ‘visitors’. Results In 2005, two middle ear surgeries using the operating microscope were done in the Ugandan teaching hospitals by Ugandan Otolaryngologists alone. From the onset of surgical visits in 2006, a total of 193 middle ear surgeries were performed - 115 tympanomastoidectomies, 77 tympanoplasties, and 1 cochlear implant. In 2006 (one surgical teaching visit), 6 middle ear surgeries were performed with visiting surgeon presence and 2 surgeries were performed by the local team alone. This increased in 2007 (2 visits) and again in 2008 (3 visits) to 34 cases with visiting surgeon presence and 48 local cases. Conclusions The temporal bone courses and donation of operating microscopes to Ugandan hospitals have revolutionized middle ear surgery in Uganda. The surgical visits by the Uganda Hearing Project have led to a 24-fold increase in annual middle ear surgeries performed with the operating microscope by Ugandan Otolaryngologists. Increased frequency of surgical visits was correlated with an increase in local surgical output, hopefully resulting in improved care for Ugandans with ear disorders.
Sensitivity analysis for the appraisal of hydrofractures in horizontal wells with borehole resistivity measurements
Authors: Pardo David , Torres-Verdín Carlos 
Published: June 2013

We numerically evaluate the possibility of using borehole electromagnetic measurements to diagnose and quantify hydraulic fractures that have been artificially generated in a horizontal well. Hydrofractures are modeled as thin disks perpendicular to the well and filled with either sand-based or electrically conductive proppant. The study focuses on the effect of thickness and length (radius) of hydrofractures to assess their effects on specific configurations of borehole-resistivity instruments. Numerical results indicate that several measurements (e.g., those obtained with low- and high-frequency solenoids) could be used to assess the thickness of a fracture. However, only low-frequency measurements performed with electrodes and large-spacing between transmitter and receivers (18 m) exhibit the necessary sensitivity to reliably and accurately estimate the length of long hydrofractures (up to 150 m) in open-hole wells. In the case of steel-cased wells, the casing acts as a long electrode, whereby conventional low-frequency short-spaced, through-casing measurements are suitable for the accurate diagnosis of long hydrofractures (up to 150 m in length).
Solvent Exchange and Gelation Mechanism of Poly(l-lactic acid) Gel Formed by Complex Crystallization with Solvents
Authors: Matsuda Yasuhiro , Fukatsu Akinobu , Tasaka Shigeru 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) gels were formed by complex crystals (ε-crystals) with some solvents, such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and the solvent in the gel was exchanged to other solvents, such as water, by the immersion of the gel into the solvent. Although X-ray diffraction patterns of the gels indicated that the ε-crystals formed in DMF changed to α-crystals, the structure formed by spherulites observed by polarizing microscopy showed no change by the solvent exchange. The gelation mechanism was proposed based in the experimental data.
A parabolic action on a proper, CAT(0) cube complex
Authors: Algom-Kfir Yael , Wajnryb Bronislaw , Witowicz Pawel 
Published: June 2013

Abstract.
We consider diagram groups as defined by Guba and Sapir [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 130 (1997)]. A diagram group G acts on the associated cube complex K by isometries. It is known that if a cube complex L is of a finite dimension, then every isometry g of L is semi-simple: is attained. It was conjectured by Farley that in the case of a diagram group G the action of G on the associated cube complex K is by semisimple isometries also when K has an infinite dimension. In this paper we give a counter-example to Farley's conjecture by showing that R. Thompson's group F, considered as a diagram group, has some elements which act as parabolic (not semi-simple) isometries on the associated cube complex.
Realisierung und Überprüfung eines 3D-Tastsystems für Mikro-Bauteile
Authors: Liebrich Thomas , Knapp Wolfgang , Wegener Konrad 
Published: June 2013

Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein neues 3D-Tastsystem vorgestellt, dessen Design nicht nur bezüglich isotroper Steifigkeit am Tastelement, sondern auch bezüglich wirtschaftlicher Herstellung der einzelnen Bauteile und deren einfacher Montage optimiert ist. Eine Verlagerung des Tastelementes resultiert in einer Änderung der Position und/oder Orientierung einer beweglich gelagerten Messplatte, in welche der Taststift geschraubt wird. Die Bewegungen der beweglichen Messplatte werden mit kapazitiven Sensoren gemessen. Die Geometrie des Tastsystems wird unter Verwendung der Finite-Elemente-Methode (FEM) berechnet und mittels Kraft-Messungen überprüft. Damit steht ein verifiziertes Werkzeug zur Verfügung, mit welchem die Eigenschaften des Tastsystems, beispielsweise dessen Steifigkeiten, an vorgegebene Spezifikationen angepasst werden können. So werden verschiedene Varianten des Tastsystems vorgestellt, die für einen Einsatz auf (Mikro-) Koordinatenmessgeräten oder Werkzeugmaschinen angepasst sind. Die geometrische Überprüfung des Tastsystems umfasst die Bestimmung des Linearitätsfehlers in Antastrichtung, die maximale Antastabweichung, die Wiederholgenauigkeit sowie den Einfluss der Umgebungsbedingungen.
Planungsbasierte Oberflächeninspektion in der Deflektometrie mittels Greedy-Optimierung
Authors: Roschani Masoud , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: June 2013

Zusammenfassung
Bei der deflektometrischen Inspektion sind für große oder kompliziert geformte spiegelnde Oberflächen mehrere Messungen notwendig, um diese vollständig und mit gleichmäßiger Genauigkeit zu erfassen. Die manuelle Wahl der Sensorkonfigurationen ist meist zeitaufwendig und für komplex geformte Prüfobjekte keine triviale Aufgabe. In dieser Arbeit wird ein probabilistisches Planungsverfahren vorgestellt, dass bei bekannter Referenzoberfläche eine Sequenz von Parametern für den deflektometrischen Sensorkopf plant mit dem Ziel ein Maß der Unsicherheit auf der geschätzten Oberfläche zu minimieren. Verschiedene kovarianzbasierte Gütemaße werden empirisch in einer Simulation untersucht und deren Eignung für die deflektometrische Inspektion diskutiert.
SHORT COMMUNICATION
A Potential Method for Safe Recovery from Recognized Inadvertent
Esophageal Intubation
Authors: Milne Brian , Burjorjee Jessica E. 
Published: June 2013

How to proceed following inadvertent esophageal intubation and what to do with the misplaced endotracheal
tube is controversial and not specifically addressed in the difficult airway algorithm from the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
Here we describe a simple and effective strategy to manually ventilate the patient with an air cushioned face mask while
leaving the endotracheal tube in the esophagus to provide a conduit for stomach content suction until definitive endotracheal
intubation. We describe clinical circumstances in which we used this method successfully.
Whether to leave the endotracheal tube in the esophagus or what to do with it should be specifically addressed in difficult
airway algorithms.
Inactivation of Matrix-bound Matrix Metalloproteinases by Cross-linking Agents in Acid-etched Dentin
Authors: Scheffel DLS , Hebling J , Scheffel RH , Agee K , Turco G , de Souza Costa CA , Pashley D 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYObjectivesPublished transmission electron microscopy analysis of in vitro resin-dentin bonds shows that, after 44 months, almost 70% of collagen fibrils from the hybrid layer disappear. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in that process and are thought to be the main factor responsible for the solubilization of dentin collagen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inactivation of matrix-bound MMPs by two different cross-linking agents, carbodiimide (EDC) or proanthocyanidin (PA), or the MMP-inhibitor, chlorhexidine (CHX), on acid-etched dentin using a simplified MMP assay method.Materials and MethodsDentin beams (2×1×6 mm) were obtained from mid-coronal dentin of sound third molars and randomly divided into six groups (G) according to the dentin treatment: G1: Deionized water (control); G2: 0.1 M EDC; G3: 0.5 M EDC; G4: 0.5 M EDC + 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA); G5: 5% PA; and G6: 2% CHX. The beams were etched for 15 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and then immersed for 60 seconds in one of the treatment solutions. The data were expressed both in absorbance values at 412 nm and in MMP-9 activity equivalents. The total MMP activity of dentin was analyzed for one hour by colorimetric assay (Sensolyte). Data were submitted to Wilcoxon nonparametric test and Mann-Whitney tests (p&gt;0.05).ResultsAll experimental cross-linking solutions significantly reduced MMP activity from 79.8% to 95.2% when compared to the control group. No difference was observed among 0.1 M EDC (84.8%), 5% PA (87.6%), and 2% CHX (79.8%). Addition of 35% HEMA to 0.5 M EDC produced inactivation (95.2%) that was similar to that of 0.5 M EDC alone (92.7%).ConclusionDentin treatment with cross-linking agents is effective to significantly reduce MMP activity. Mixing 0.5 M EDC and 35% HEMA did not influence EDC inhibitor potential.
Contemporary Issues in Light Curing
Authors: Price RB , Shortall AC , Palin WM 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis review article will help clinicians understand the important role of the light curing unit (LCU) in their offices. The importance of irradiance uniformity, spectral emission, monitoring the LCU, infection control methods, recommended light exposure times, and learning the correct light curing technique are reviewed. Additionally, the consequences of delivering too little or too much light energy, the concern over leachates from undercured resins, and the ocular hazards are discussed. Practical recommendations are provided to help clinicians improve their use of the LCU so that their patients can receive safe and potentially longer lasting resin restorations.
Pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered morphine in horses
Authors: Devine Elizabeth P. , KuKanich Butch , Beard Warren L. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of morphine after IM administration in a clinical population of horses.
Design—Prospective clinical study.
Animals—77 horses.
Procedures—Morphine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], IM) was administered to horses, and blood samples were obtained at predetermined time points. Plasma morphine concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In preliminary investigations, samples were obtained from 2 healthy horses at 12 time points (up to 12 hours after drug administration) and analyzed via 2-stage pharmacokinetic analysis. In the clinical phase, blood samples were obtained from 75 hospitalized horses at various times (total, 2 to 3 samples/horse) up to 9 hours after drug administration, and data were analyzed via a naïve pooled pharmacokinetic model.
Results—In the clinical phase, the apparent terminal half-life (t½) of morphine was approximately 1.5 hours, volume of distribution per bioavailability was approximately 4.5 L/kg, and clearance per bioavailability was approximately 35 mL/kg/min. Peak plasma concentration in naïve pooled analysis was 21.6 ng/mL and occurred approximately 4 minutes after administration. Morphine concentrations were below the limit of quantification ≤ 7 hours after administration in 74 horses. Adverse effects attributed to morphine administration were uncommon and considered mild.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The short t½ of morphine in horses suggested frequent administration may be needed to maintain targeted plasma concentrations. Variations in plasma concentrations suggested optimal dosages may differ among horses. The drug was well tolerated at the described dose, but patients receiving morphine should be monitored carefully.
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy in horses: 5 cases (1995–2011)
Authors: de Solis Cristobal Navas , Slack JoAnn , Boston Raymond C. , Reef Virginia B. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To describe the prognosis and clinical, echocardiographic, and pathological features of hypertensive cardiomyopathy in horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—5 horses with cardiac hypertrophy and systemic hypertension.
Procedures—Demographics, history, physical and cardiological examination findings, diagnosis, clinical progression, prognosis, and pathological findings were obtained from medical records.
Results—The primary diagnosis was chronic laminitis in 3 horses and chronic renal failure in 2. Persistent tachycardia, hypertension, chronic laminitis, or a combination of these prompted the cardiac evaluations. Blood pressure values (median [range]), measured noninvasively, were determined as 190 mm Hg (183 to 261 mm Hg) for systolic pressure, 126 mm Hg (100 to 190 mm Hg) for diastolic pressure, and 155 mm Hg (126 to 222 mm Hg) for mean pressure. No arrhythmias were reported. For the left ventricle, all horses had increased relative wall thickness, mean wall thickness, and ventricular mass. The interventricular septum was thickened at end diastole (n = 5) and in peak systole (4). The left ventricular internal diameter was small at end diastole (n = 4) and in peak systole (3). The left ventricular free wall was thickened at end diastole (n = 3) and in peak systole (4). No associations between blood pressure and variables consistent with hypertrophy were detected. All horses were euthanized because of the grave prognosis of the primary diseases. All 3 horses that underwent postmortem evaluation had cardiovascular abnormalities.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypertensive cardiomyopathy should be considered as a comorbid diagnosis in horses with laminitis or chronic renal failure. Information about the development, progression, reversibility, importance of early detection, and long-term sequelae of this condition is needed.
Septic flexor tendonitis and suspensory desmitis in an alpaca
Authors: Hunter Barbara G. , Semevolos Stacy A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Case Description—A 2-year-old male Suri alpaca was referred for evaluation of severe right forelimb lameness of 2 weeks' duration following a traumatic episode.
Clinical Findings—Examination of the distal aspect of the metacarpus revealed 4 wounds exuding purulent material. On weight bearing, the metacarpophalangeal joint was severely hyperextended with the palmar surface touching the ground. Ultrasonography of the palmar surface of the metacarpus revealed desmitis of the proximal suspensory ligament, a large core lesion of the deep digital flexor tendon at mid-metacarpus, and complete loss of fiber pattern within the deep digital flexor tendon and lateral aspect of the superficial digital flexor tendon distally.
Treatment and Outcome—The alpaca was treated systemically with antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory drugs and underwent repeated antimicrobial intraosseous regional limb perfusion. A bandage and splint were applied to stabilize the affected forelimb in an anatomically correct position, and the alpaca underwent prolonged stall confinement. At the time of hospital discharge 5 days after initial evaluation, clinical evidence of infection at the wound sites was absent. Three months following treatment, the alpaca was moving freely in a small paddock and had moderate hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Clinical Relevance—Treatment of septic flexor tendonitis and suspensory desmitis with antimicrobial intraosseous regional limb perfusion in combination with systemic treatment with antimicrobials and orthopedic support resulted in an excellent outcome in this alpaca. Antimicrobial intraosseous regional limb perfusion is simple to perform and has the potential to be beneficial in the treatment of infections in the distal portion of a limb in camelids.
Cutting Edge: ABIN-1 Protects against Psoriasis by Restricting MyD88 Signals in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Callahan Joseph A. , Hammer Gianna E. , Agelides Alexander , Duong Bao H. , Oshima Shigeru , North Jeffrey , Advincula Rommel , Shifrin Nataliya , Truong Hong-An , Paw Jonathan , Barrera Julio , DeFranco Anthony , Rosenblum Michael D. , Malynn Barbara A. , Ma Averil 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The Tnip1 gene encodes A20 binding and inhibitor of NF-κB-1 (ABIN-1) protein and is strongly associated with susceptibility to psoriasis in humans. ABIN-1, a widely expressed ubiquitin-binding protein, restricts TNF- and TLR-induced signals. In this study, we report that mice lacking ABIN-1 specifically in dendritic cells (DCs), ABIN-1fl CD11c-Cre mice, exhibit perturbed immune homeostasis. ABIN-1–deficient DCs display exaggerated NF-κB and MAPK signaling and produce more IL-23 than do normal cells in response to TLR ligands. Challenge of ABIN-1fl CD11c-Cre mice with topical TLR7 ligand leads to greater numbers of Th17 and TCRγδ T cells and exacerbated development of psoriaform lesions. These phenotypes are reversed by DC-specific deletion of the TLR adaptor MyD88. These studies link ABIN-1 with IL-23 and IL-17, and they provide cellular and molecular mechanisms by which ABIN-1 regulates susceptibility to psoriasis.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation on Electrochemically Modified Titanium: An Optimized Approach for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tunesi Marta , Bossio Caterina , Tonna Noemi , Valle Cinzia Della , Bianco Fabio , Giordano Carmen , Chiesa Roberto 
Published: June 2013

Purpose To speed up the osteointegration process, surface-treated titanium has been widely used in dental and orthopedic applications. The present work describes a new silicon-based anodic spark deposition (ASD) treatment and investigates the properties of the surfaces obtained, focusing on their capability to modulate the osteogenic differentiation potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods The surfaces examined were obtained from commercially pure grade 2 titanium by a single-step ASD (SUM) eventually followed by a thermal treatment in alkali solution (SUMNa), while acid-etched titanium (AE; NextMaterials s.r.l.) was selected as a control. Their morphology, elemental composition, crystallographic structure of the TiO2 layer, wettability and topography were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thin-film X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements and laser profilometry, respectively. MSCs' response to surface properties was assessed by examining cell morphology and viability by scanning electron microscopy and Alamar Blue™ assay, while their osteogenic differentiation potential was investigated by evaluating the levels of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the degree of calcium accumulation by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining. Results The proposed ASD treatment has allowed the obtaining of surfaces with round-shaped micrometric pores, enriched in calcium, phosphorus and silicon and significantly more wettable than controls; furthermore, the treatment has been shown to promote MSC proliferation and the degree of in vitro mineralization. Conclusions The described ASD treatment may be an effective technique to modify the surface cues of titanium implants, aiming at enhancing the conveying of osteoprogenitor cells and their functional differentiation in bone cells.