bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPT-4 versus human authors in clinically complex MCQ creation: a blinded analysis of item quality
Authors: Wu Hannah , Zerner Toby , Lee Daniel , Court-Kowalski Stefan , Devitt Peter , Palmer Edward 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

MCQs are a popular assessment format in medical education. Creating clinically complex MCQs can be a time-consuming task for subject matter experts. Large language models such as GPT-4, a type of generative artificial intelligence (AI), are a potential tool for MCQ design. Clinically complex human-generated MCQs, at both novice and expert level, were compared with AI MCQs. A generic prompt for GPT-4 was engineered, which included item-writing guidance, example MCQs, and key learning points. A standardised scoring system was developed for a consensus panel to objectively evaluate each item, blinded to the author, on categories including content validity, scope, item anatomy, cognitive skill level, item-writing flaws (IWFs), feedback comprehensiveness, veracity, adequacy of clinical reasoning, and global impression of fitness for use. Analysis showed that all groups (novice, expert, and AI) were able generate items within scope. Expert items performed better than Novice items in all categories. Expert items performed better than AI in content validity, feedback veracity and clinical reasoning. They also tended to test higher order cognitive skills. There was no difference in the global impressions of Expert and AI items, which suggests they may be comparable overall. With adequate prompt engineering, GPT-4 can produce MCQs testing clinically complex concepts for medical assessment. The quality of AI outputs is comparable to experts, however human validation is necessary to ensure content validity. The AI-generated explanatory feedback was adequate in veracity and clinical reasoning, which may serve as an educational tool for learners.
Joint inference of mutational signatures from indels and single-nucleotide substitutions reveals prognostic impact of homologous recombination deficiency in tumors
Authors: Supek Fran , Ferrer-Torres Patricia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Mutational signatures are increasingly used to understand the mechanisms causing cancer, predict prognosis and stratify patients for therapy. However, inference of mutational signatures can be error-prone, particularly in the case of featureless, low-sparsity signatures, which often get confounded. One of them is the homologous recombination deficiency-associated signature SBS3, relevant because of its association with prognosis in ovarian and breast cancer and because of its potential use as a biomarker for synthetic lethality therapies. Here, we present the multimodal method for mutational signature extraction, operating on single-base substitutions (SBS) and indels jointly, and highlight its accuracy signature identification and patient survival prediction. Across four different cohorts of whole-genome sequenced ovarian cancers, the multimodal SBS/indel approach correctly distinguished the commonly confused signatures SBS3, SBS8, SBS39, SBS40 and SBS5. Moreover, we identified two different multimodal m-SBS3 signatures, m-SBS3a and m-SBS3b, with distinct patterns in the indel spectrum. Specifically, the m-SBS3b signature was strongly predictive of better survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients, replicating across the four cohorts, with effect sizes greatly exceeding other genetic markers of survival. m-SBS3 further predicted survival in platinum-treated patients with various cancer types, supporting a general utility of the multimodal mutational signatures for generating biologically and clinically meaningful readouts.
Anti-nuclear antibody and enthesitis were frequently detected in female patients with undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis in Japan
Authors: Mokuda Sho , Kobayashi Hiroki , Araki Kei , Ishitoku Michinori , Watanabe Hirofumi , Sugimoto Tomohiro , Yoshida Yusuke , Hirata Shintaro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background The clinical features of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) differ between women and men. Peripheral lesions of SpA are more common in women than in men. Compared with reports on psoriatic arthritis (PsA), while reports on patients meeting the criteria for peripheral SpA or patients with undifferentiated peripheral SpA (upSpA) are scarce. This study aimed to elucidate the detailed manifestations of upSpA and the sex differences in situations of low human leukocyte antigen B27 positivity.Methods This multi-center observational study was conducted between April 2020 and June 2024. Among 38 patients with SpA, participants with concomitant inflammatory bowel diseases or meeting with either axial SpA, PsA or reactive arthritis (ReA) criteria were excluded. We collected physical findings and laboratory data on 29 cases of upSpA (19 women and 10 men; mean age [standard deviation]: 41.6 years [16.3] vs. 60.2 years [11.2]). We primarily analyzed the data to examine the relationship between sex and clinical findings.Results The rate of tenderness of the epicondyles of humerus were 79.0% in women and 40.0% in men (p = 0.047). The prevalence rate of tenderness of the Achilles tendon was 52.6% in women and 10.0% in men (p = 0.029). These areas in the women had a higher prevalence rate of enthesitis than those in men. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) positivity in women (21.1%) were lower than in men (80.0%) (p = 0.004). The positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody, which was defined at a dilution of ≥ 1:160, was higher in women (47.4%) than in men (0%) (p = 0.009).Conclusion Women with upSpA frequently experience enthesitis of the epicondyles of humerus and the Achilles tendon, as well as a lower serum CRP positivity and a higher incidence of positive anti-nuclear antibody, compared to men, in Japan.
Maternal and Newborn Care Continuum Partner Encouragement among a Cohort of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia
Authors: Damtew Solomon Abrha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization strongly recommend partner encouragement on the use of domains of maternal and newborn care continuum.Objective: quantifying the level of husband and/or partner encouragement for antenatal care visit and/or discussion about where to delivery as part of the maternal and newborn care continuum and identifying its correlates.Design: Longitudinal follow up studySetting: Ethiopia.Participants: A cohort of 6 weeks postpartum women.Intervention:Partner encouragement on the first two domains of maternal and newborn care continuumPrimary and Secondary Outcome measures:the primary outcome was Partner and/or husband encouragement on the first two domains of maternal and newborn care continuumMethods:PMA cohort 2 baseline and six weeks postpartum data sets were used for this study. Multinomial logistics regression was run to identify correlates of partner encouragement. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05.Results:The proportion of partner encouraged for both domains was 68.00% (65.58%, 70.14%). There is regional variation in partner encouragement towards maternal and new born care continuum domains by women age marriage type and whether the index pregnancy and by contraceptive use history and was planned.Conclusions:Region specific age sensitive activities and efforts that empower women to have control over their fertility and which also addressed polygamy are hoped to improve husband and/or partner encouragement. Diversifying access to contraceptive commodities is likely to help the ministry and other developmental parents to address the husband and/or partner CoC encouragement in terms of policy articulation and advocacy.
A Transmission-Error-Based Gear Form-Grinding Method for Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Li Yan , Zhi Geng , Zhu Wenmin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A new gear form-grinding method based on a predesigned controllable second-order transmission error function is proposed to obtain stable contact performance of gear tooth surfaces and improve their reliability for electrical vehicles (EVs). The predesigned second-order transmission error function is assigned to a gear drive based on the design specifications of EVs. Mathematical models of modified gear tooth surfaces of the gear pair can be obtained by the predesigned second-order transmission error function. Moreover, a section profile of a form-grinding wheel for cylindrical involute gears can be determined by a coordinate transformation matrix during form-grinding and settings of computer numerical control form-grinding programs for this active design method. The proposed gear form-grinding is ultimately conducted on three cylindrical involute gear pairs to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.
Clinical and radiological evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus, Research question: Evaluation of lupus cases in corona infection
Authors: KHATTAB KHALID , AYED MOHAMAD AL , SHWEIKI ABDUL MAJD AL , ALLAH BADER KHAIR 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by periods of remission followed by acute attacks. Its diagnosis is based on several criteria, the most recent of which is the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) criteria, which is based on clinical manifestations in addition to a positive ANA titer.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 patients at Al-Mowasat University Hospital, extending retrospectively from 2020 to the last month of 2023. The study included lupus patients who had pathological radiological findings based on clinical and laboratory signs and according to the international standards adopted in 2019. The focus was on studying lupus patients who developed COVID-19 during 2021-2022, with a total of 95 cases. The sample was selected from patients with proven lupus infection with a positive COVID-PCR, while patients whose study was not fully completed were excluded.
Results: It was noted that clinical symptoms and radiological manifestations worsened in COVID patients who had a previous and chronic infection with systemic lupus erythematosus compared to COVID patients who did not have lupus. The study confirmed parenchymal infection in most cases in lupus and the appearance of typical signs in the stratified layer diagnostic of Corona, which are: the spread of glass-covered densities in the peripheral sections The background of the lungs with multiple focal condensations 92% in patients with Covid with a previous infection with lupus in addition to thickening of the diaphragm 65% with bronchiectasis 33% and enlargement of the mediastinal phlegm nodules 35%
Conclusion: Lupus is a multisystemic disease that requires accurate diagnosis and follow-up, the necessity and use of appropriate radiological methods for diagnosis, not neglecting any complaint in lupus patients, and attention to the areas of Covid in lupus patients.
The long shadow of the 1959 Nile Waters Agreement
Authors: Whittington Dale 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Since 2011 Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan have been in continual negotiations over the filling and operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and more fundamentally the future shape of economic development in the Nile basin. This paper examines two important ways that the terms of the 1959 Nile Waters Agreement continue to shape these negotiations. First, the 1959 Agreement codifies Egypt's historic water rights. Egypt's strategy of trying to protect these historic rights by preventing upstream water use in Ethiopia is increasingly putting its ability to maintain and expand its virtual water trade at risk. Thus, counterintuitively, treating its historic water rights as non-negotiable is putting Egypt's food security in jeopardy. Second, the 1959 Agreement created a strong disincentive for Sudan to participate in any new basin-wide water-sharing plan. It is in Sudan's interest to ignore any modest future water withdrawals by Ethiopia rather than join in a third-party negotiation to determine Ethiopia's share. The paper describes how the current impasse on the Nile may be transformed by either new ideas or events.
Study on the Application of POA Teaching Model in Intermediate Chinese as a Foreign Language Oral Courses
Authors: Duan Yufei 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore the application and effectiveness of the POA (Process-oriented Approach) teaching model in intermediate Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) oral courses. The POA teaching model focuses on process orientation, emphasizing interaction and task-driven learning, which is significant for improving the oral proficiency of CFL learners. The paper first provides a detailed explanation of the definition, development, and core concepts of the POA teaching model, followed by an analysis of the current state of intermediate CFL oral teaching, including teaching objectives, methods, and existing issues. Based on this, the research investigates the specific application of the POA teaching model in intermediate CFL oral courses, including implementation steps, strategies, and case studies. Through an evaluation of the POA teaching model's effectiveness, the paper summarizes its advantages in enhancing oral skills and motivating learners while discussing its limitations. Finally, the paper proposes future research directions, including optimization of the POA model, application of new technologies, and cross-cultural adaptability. The study indicates that the POA teaching model has a significant positive impact on intermediate CFL oral teaching but requires further exploration of its applicability and optimization strategies in different cultural contexts.
A Woman with a Long History of Smoking and a Debilitating Dry Cough
Authors: Potskhverashvili N. D. , Kokina N. I. , Bueverova E. L. , Zolnikova O. Yu. , Cherenda A. S. , Morozova V. A. , Feldsherov M. V. , Kiryukhin A. P. , Pavlov P. V. 
Published: August 2024

Aim: to present a clinical case of colorectal cancer in a woman with a long history of smoking and a leading complaint of dry cough.Key points. A 56-year-old patient with a long history of smoking was hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the clinic with a leading complaint of a constant debilitating dry cough during the day, not amenable to the action of drugs, as well as general weakness, sweating and weight loss by 2 kg in 3 months. The examination revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the hepatic bend of the colon with generalized lymphadenopathy and metastatic lung damage, iron deficiency anemia. Surgical treatment was performed at the Sechenov University surgical hospital: right-sided hemicolectomy with D2 lymph dissection (removal of epicolic, paracolic, mesocolic lymph nodes); adjuvant chemotherapy was prescribed. The patient is under the supervision of an oncologist and a coloproctologist.Conclusion. A clinical case of colorectal cancer in a woman with a long history of tobacco smoking and extra-intestinal symptoms is presented, demonstrating the need for cancer caution in relation to patients older than 50 years with iron deficiency anemia and lymphadenopathy. The timeliness of the diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm by primary care physicians is determined by the careful identification of cancer risk factors of this localization and the targeted search for “symptoms of anxiety”, upon detection of which endoscopic, radiation and morphological examination is necessary.
Active vertical control with skeletal anchorage for optimizing facial profile in a severe Class II high-angle protrusion case
Authors: Liaw Johnny , Wang Shin-Huei , Chen Hou-Kun , Chen Yi-Jane 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This case report describes the nonsurgical management of a patient with a Class II skeletal pattern, retrognathic mandible, steep mandibular angle, maxillary vertical excess, and lip incompetence. The treatment approach involved orthodontic mechanics supported with skeletal anchorage to achieve maximal intrusion and retraction of the dentition. A novel elastic hanging rack appliance, supported by midpalatal miniscrews, was used. A maximal anchorage setup for active vertical control on both arches was illustrated. Significant improvement in the facial profile was achieved with optimal occlusion. Cephalometric analysis revealed successful incisor retraction and intrusion, as well as a forward rotation of the mandible. The treatment outcome illustrates the impact of active vertical control on orthodontic camouflage treatment for severe protrusion.
Pengaruh Religiusitas, Lingkungan Keluarga dan Efikasi Diri terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa
Authors: Triandini Reza 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of religiosity, family environment and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial interests. The type of research is ex post facto. The research population is Universitas Negeri Padang students who received PMW in 2017/2018. Sampling technique using probability sampling technique , with sample is 80 students. Research instruments using questionnaires. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression. The results showed that simultaneously religiosity, family environment and self-efficacy influence the interest in entrepreneurship. In part, religiosity and the family environment influence the interest in entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, self-efficacy has no effect on entrepreneurial interests. The results of this study can be used as a guideline to increase students' interest in entrepreneurship.
Pengaruh Permintaan Uang Kartal dan Transaksi Uang Elektronik Terhadap Inflasi di Indonesia Tahun 2011-2020 dengan Perputaran Uang Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Gusriyanti Asri , Marna Jean Elikal 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine how the effect of demand for real money as seen from the amount of real money in circulation and electronic money transactions seen from electronic money volume data on inflation in Indonesia in 2011-2020 with the velocity of money as an moderating variable. Data shows that the demand for real money and electronic money transactions has continued to increase in the last ten years. However, inflation data tends to be stable from 2015-2020 with the policy of reducing energy subsidies (fuel and electricity). This study uses multiple regression analysis method to see the effect of demand for real money and electronic money transactions on inflation in Indonesia. And using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) analysis method to see whether the velocity of money variable can moderate the effect of demand for real money and electronic money transactions on inflation in Indonesia. The results of this study show that: (1) The demand for real money has no significant effect on inflation in Indonesia. (2) Electronic money transactions have no significant effect on inflation in Indonesia. (3) The demand for real money and electronic money transactions has no significant effect on inflation in Indonesia. (4) The velocity of money cannot moderate the effect of demand for real money on inflation in Indonesia. (5) The velocity of money cannot moderate the effect of electronic money transactions on inflation in Indonesia.
Video Profil Nagari Dalam Rangka Penunjang Informasi Data Nagari Koto Tangah Kecamatan Tilatang Kamang
Authors: Wahyudi Ade santika , Jannah Rodatul , Septiani Annisa , Putri Anjani Ayu Anandika , Andres Fran Serano 
Published: August 2024

This research aims to find out the nagari profile video can support data information from the assets of Nagari Koto Tangah, Tilatang Kamang District. The method used in this article is a qualitative research method by describing according to the data obtained. The data used in this research consists of 2 data, namely sources and data from the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM) Nagari Koto Tangah. Meanwhile, the data used in taking video profiles from (RPJM) and observations made by the team. The result of this research is the nagari profile video can support data information on nagari koto tangah, Tilatang Kamang District
Introduksi Prebiotik Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus sp., dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam Pembuatan Pakan Ayam Lokal Di Desa Margaasih
Authors: Abun Abun , Rusmana Denny , Setiyatwan Hendi , Saefulhadjar Deny , Ramdan Rahmad Fany 
Published: August 2024

Ayam lokal merupakan sumber daya genetik ternak yang memberikan kontribusi penting untuk ketahanan pangan nasional. Kendala yang dihadapi terkait dengan penyediaan pakan berkualitas dan sistem pemeliharaan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu upaya pemeliharaan ayam lokal secara intensif melalui perbaikan manajemen pakan. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah memanfaatan jasa mikroba BLS (Bacillus licheniformis , Lactobacillus sp., dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae) sebagai prebiotik yang ditambahkan kedalam ransum. Prebiotik BLS berfungsi sebagai emulsifier dalam meningkatkan absorpsi dan metabolisme nutrisi pada saluran pencernaan, serta mengurangi polusi/ cemaran lingkungan sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktifitas ayam. Masyarakat di Desa Margaasih Kecamatan Cicalengka Kabupaten Bandung, belum menjadikan usaha bidang peternakan, khususnya ayam lokal menjadi sektor utama untuk menghasilkan pendapatan. Sumber daya alam berupa hasil palawija di lingkungan desa belum termanfaatkan secara optimal untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan pakan. Oleh sebab itu, dirasa perlu untuk memanfaatkan seoptimal mungkin potensi wilayah sebagai sumber bahan pakan dengan penggunaan Prebiotik BLS dalam formula pakan ayam. Kegiatan penyuluhan dihadiri oleh kelompok tani “Sugih Mukti”, peternak ayam, dan tokoh masyarakat. Materi yang disajikan adalah pengenalan imbuhan pakan berupa prebiotik BLS (pre-test 19%, post tes 52%/perubahan 171%), pengetahuan bahan pakan dan kandungan nutriennya (pre-test 42%, post tes 69%/perubahan 64%), pengetahuan kebutuhan nutrien untuk ayam lokal (pre-test 41%, post tes 73%/perubahan 80%), penggunaan prebiotik BLS dalam formula pakan dan produksi pakan ayam lokal (pre-test 30%, post tes 58%/perubahan 94%), dan budidaya ayam lokal secara intensif (pre-test 63%, post tes 86%/perubahan 35%). Perlu adanya tindak lanjut kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat untuk pengembangan kelompok tani-ternak ayam lokal serta pemasaran produknya.