bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of interleukin‐8 and its interaction with human CXC receptor I peptide
Authors: Kendrick Agnieszka A. , Holliday Michael J. , Isern Nancy G. , Zhang Fengli , Camilloni Carlo , Huynh Chi , Vendruscolo Michele , Armstrong Geoffrey , Eisenmesser Elan Z. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInterleukin‐8 (CXCL8, IL‐8) is a proinflammatory chemokine important for the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses via its interaction with G‐protein coupled receptors, including CXC receptor 1 (CXCR1). CXCL8 exists as both a monomer and as a dimer at physiological concentrations, yet the molecular basis of CXCL8 interaction with its receptor as well as the importance of CXCL8 dimer formation remain poorly characterized. Although several biological studies have indicated that both the CXCL8 monomer and dimer are active, biophysical studies have reported conflicting results regarding the binding of CXCL8 to CXCR1. To clarify this problem, we expressed and purified a peptide (hCXCR1pep) corresponding to the N‐terminal region of human CXCR1 (hCXCR1) and utilized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to interrogate the binding of wild‐type CXCL8 and a previously reported mutant (CXCL8M) that stabilizes the monomeric form. Our data reveal that the CXCL8 monomer engages hCXCR1pep with a slightly higher affinity than the CXCL8 dimer, but that the CXCL8 dimer does not dissociate upon binding hCXCR1pep. These investigations also showed that CXCL8 is dynamic on multiple timescales, which may help explain the versatility in this interleukin for engaging its target receptors.
Evolution of resistance to phytoene desaturase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors – state of knowledge
Authors: Dayan Franck E , Owens Daniel K , Tranel Patrick J , Preston Christopher , Duke Stephen O 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo major classes of herbicides include inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) and phytoene desaturase (PDS). Plants can evolve resistance to PPO and PDS inhibitors via several mechanisms that include physical changes, resulting in reduced uptake, physiological changes, resulting in compartmentalization or altered translocation, and biochemical changes, resulting in enhanced metabolic degradation or alterations of protein structures, leading to loss of sensitivity to the herbicides. This review discusses the involvement of some of these mechanisms in the various cases of resistance to PDS‐ and PPO‐inhibiting herbicides, and highlights unique aspects of target‐site resistance to these herbicides. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
(20$ \bar 2 $1) MOVPE and HVPE GaN grown on 2″ patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Meisch Tobias , Alimoradi‐Jazi Maryam , Klein Martin , Scholz Ferdinand 
Published: January 2014

Abstract(20‐21) GaN was grown on (22‐43) patterned sapphire substrates by MOVPE and subsequently overgrown in a HVPE growth step. By using fairly c‐plane growth conditions and adjusting the reactor temperature of the particular layers, GaN stripes free of any parasitic islands were grown by MOVPE. X‐ray measurements confirmed a very promising crystal quality. It turned out, that the stripes are formed by (10‐11) and (0001) facets, which seems to be the most stable facets during growth. Via HVPE overgrowth, the single stripes coalesce and form a flaky surface. A fairly high growth rate of about 142 μm per hour was achieved. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab‐initio calculations and atomistic calculations on the magnetoelectric effects in metallic nanostructures
Authors: Fähnle M. , Subkow S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe contribution of spin‐dependent electronic polarizations on the magnetoelectric behavior of metallic nanostructures is studied theoretically. First, the magnetoelectric effect on the surface magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy Esa is calculated for Fe films and Fe‐Au‐Fe heterofilms by the ab‐initio spin‐density functional electron theory.A method for the definition of layer‐resolved contributions to Esa is introduced. Then the change of the magnetization of a nanoporous Fe system on charging the system in an electrolyte is investigated by computer simulations on the atomic level with information on the chargeresponse of the layer‐resolved contributions to Esa obtained from the ab‐initio calculations for the Fe films. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasi‐geostrophic diagnosis of the influence of vorticity advection on the development of upper level jet‐front systems
Authors: Martin Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2014

A partition of the geostrophic vorticity into shear and curvature components is employed to consider the influence of differential vorticity advection on the development of upper level jet‐front systems in northwesterly flow in an idealized and an observed case. The analysis reveals that negative geostrophic shear vorticity advection by the thermal wind, inextricably coincident with regions of geostrophic cold air advection in cyclonic shear, forces subsidence that is distributed in narrow, quasi‐linear, frontal‐scale bands aligned along the warm edge of the upper baroclinic zone. In each case examined, this component of the quasi‐geostrophic (QG) subsidence makes the largest contribution to upper frontogenetic tilting.Additionally, since QG omega forced by geostrophic vorticity advection by the thermal wind is of the shearwise variety, the analysis shows that the traditional emphasis on the role of laterally displaced transverse circulations is an incomplete description of the upper frontogenetic tilting that arises in such environments. In fact, the results suggest that Mudrick's (1974) emphasis on negative vorticity advection increasing with height combined with Shapiro's (1981) insight regarding the lateral displacement of frontogenetic transverse circulations offers the most comprehensive way to conceptualize the forcings that promote rapid upper level jet‐front development in regions of geostrophic cold air advection in cyclonic shear.
Comparing Visible and Invisible Social Support: Non‐evaluative Support Buffers Cardiovascular Responses to Stress
Authors: Kirsch Julie A. , Lehman Barbara J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPrevious research suggests that in contrast to invisible social support, visible social support produces exaggerated negative emotional responses. Drawing on work by Bolger and colleagues, this study disentangled social support visibility from negative social evaluation in an examination of the effects of social support on negative emotions and cardiovascular responses. As part of an anticipatory speech task, 73 female participants were randomly assigned to receive no social support, invisible social support, non‐confounded visible social support or visible social support as delivered in a 2007 study by Bolger and Amarel. Twelve readings, each for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were taken at 5‐min intervals throughout the periods of baseline, reactivity and recovery. Cardiovascular outcomes were tested by incorporating a series of theoretically driven planned contrasts into tests of stress reactivity conducted through piecewise growth curve modelling. Linear and quadratic trends established cardiovascular reactivity to the task. Further, in comparison to the control and replication conditions, the non‐confounded visible and invisible social support conditions attenuated cardiovascular reactivity over time. Pre‐ and post‐speech negative emotional responses were not affected by the social support manipulations. These results suggest that appropriately delivered visible social support may be as beneficial as invisible social support. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective disruption of the endocrine system by Cis‐Bifenthrin in the male mice
Authors: Jin Yuanxiang , Wang Jiangcong , Pan Xiuhong , Miao Wenyu , Lin Xiaojian , Wang Linggang , Fu Zhengwei 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBifenthrin (BF), as a chiral pyrethroid, is widely used to control field and household pests in China. At present, the commercial BF is a mixed compound containing cis isomers (cis‐BF) including two enantiomers of 1R‐cis‐BF and 1S‐cis‐BF. In the present study, the two individual cis‐BF enantiomers were separated by a preparative supercritical fluid chromatography. Then, four week‐old adolescent male ICR mice were orally administered 1R‐cis‐BF and 1S‐cis‐BF separately daily for 3 weeks at doses of 0, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg/day, respectively. Results showed that the transcription status of some genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and transport as well as testosterone (T) synthesis in the testes were influenced by cis‐BF enantiomers. Especially, we observed that the transcription status of key genes on the pathway of T synthesis including cytochrome P450 cholesterol side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and cytochrome P450 17α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (P45017α)) were selectively altered in the testis of mice when treated with 1S‐cis‐BF, suggesting that it is the possible reason to explain why the lower serum T concentration in 1S‐cis‐BF treated group. Taken together, it concluded that both of the cis‐BF enantiomers have the endocrine disruption activities, while 1S‐cis‐BF was higher than 1R‐cis‐BF in mice when exposed during the puberty. The data was helpful to understand the toxicity of cis‐BF in mammals under enantiomeric level. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 746–754, 2015.
Spatial and temporal distribution of oak wilt in golden‐cheeked warbler habitat
Authors: Stewart Laura R. , Morrison Michael L. , Appel David N. , Neal Wilkins R. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTResearch suggests the presence of oak wilt in Ashe juniper–oak (Juniperus ashei–Quercus spp.) woodland has a negative effect on habitat selection and quality for the federally endangered golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia). We used aerial imagery and an occupancy model to estimate the amount of golden‐cheeked warbler habitat within our study region in Texas, USA, that was affected by oak wilt over a 10‐year timeframe, 2008–2018, and to assess the current probability of warbler occupancy in areas affected by oak wilt prior to 1983. We also quantified vegetation characteristics to assess regeneration in areas affected by the disease. Our results indicate that oak wilt frequently occurs in golden‐cheeked warbler habitat and will continue to spread into warbler habitat in the coming years. We estimated that 6.9% of golden‐cheeked warbler habitat within our study region in the southwestern portion of the warbler's range was affected by oak wilt in 2008. By 2018, we predict that 13.3% of golden‐cheeked warbler habitat will be affected by the disease. Areas affected by oak wilt prior to 1983 were less likely to be classified as current potential warbler habitat than were unaffected areas. We found no differences between the understory vegetation of affected and unaffected areas but, in general, oaks were more common in the overstory than in the understory, suggesting that species composition in affected areas may shift following an outbreak of oak wilt. Future management efforts should address the threat oak wilt poses to golden‐cheeked warblers by incorporating applicable preventative measures. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Continuum mechanical modeling of laser‐pulsed heating in polycrystals: A multi‐physics problem of coupling diffusion, mechanics, and thermal waves
Authors: Bargmann S. , Favata A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis contribution introduces a geometrically nonlinear, continuum thermomechanical framework for pulsed laser heating in crystalline matter: a physical process which is characterized by a non‐Fourier like heat propagation and defect diffusion. The key objective of this work is to derive the highly nonlinear and strongly coupled system of governing equations describing the multi‐physical behavior from fundamental balance principles. A general form for the Helmholtz energy is proposed and the resulting constitutive laws are derived from logical, thermodynamically consistent argumentation. The approach adopted to derive the governing equations is not entirely specific to laser induced heating, rather it encompasses a wide range of applications wherein heat conduction, species diffusion, and finite elastic effects are coupled. The present theory is thus applicable to the generality of models for thermal and mechanical waves: an area of increasing research interest. A numerical example is presented for the fully coupled, nonlinear and transient theory.
Conditioning of the abdominal cavity reduces tumor implantation in a laparoscopic mouse model
Authors: Binda Maria Mercedes , Corona Roberta , Amant Frederic , Koninckx Philippe Robert 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Purpose
The addition of 4 % O2 and 10 % N2O to the CO2 pneumoperitoneum (PP), together with slight cooling and humidification (conditioning), contributes to reducing adhesions by preventing mesothelial damage. We investigated the effect of peritoneal damage during laparoscopy on tumor implantation.

Methods
In Experiment 1, different tumor cell concentrations were injected into control mice without PP and into mice with 60-min dry CO2PP (mesothelial damage). In Experiment 2, tumor cells were injected into control mice (group I) and in mice with mesothelial damage (group II). In groups III to VI, mesothelial damage was decreased by adding humidification, humidification + 10 % N2O, humidification + 10 % N2O + 4 % O2, and conditioning, respectively.

Results
In Experiment 1, the tumors increased with the number of cells injected and with mesothelial damage in the abdominal cavity (p = 0.018) and abdominal wall (p < 0.0001). Experiment 2 confirmed that 60 min of dry CO2PP increased the number of tumors in the abdominal cavity and wall (p = 0.026 and p = 0.003, respectively). The number of tumors was decreased in the abdominal cavity by conditioning (p = 0.030) and in the abdominal wall using humidified CO2 (p = 0.032) or conditioning (p = 0.026).

Conclusions
Tumor implantation was enhanced by peritoneal damage (60 min of dry CO2PP and desiccation), but this was prevented by conditioning. If confirmed in humans, conditioning would become important for oncologic surgery.
Evaluation of indigenous microalgal isolate Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG as a cell factory for biodiesel production and scale up in outdoor conditions
Authors: Muthuraj Muthusivaramapandian , Kumar Vikram , Palabhanvi Basavaraj , Das Debasish 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The present study reports evaluation of an indigenous microalgal isolate Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG as a potential candidate for biodiesel production. Characterization of the strain was performed under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation conditions. Further, an open-pond cultivation of the strain under outdoor conditions was demonstrated to evaluate growth performance and lipid productivity under fluctuating environmental parameters and in the presence of potential contaminants. The key findings were: (1) the difference in cultivation conditions resulted in significant variation in the biomass productivity (73–114 mg l−1 day−1) and total lipid productivity (35.02–50.42 mg l−1 day−1) of the strain; (2) nitrate and phosphate starvation were found to be the triggers for lipid accumulation in the cell mass; (3) open-pond cultivation of the strain under outdoor conditions resulted in biomass productivity of 44 mg l−1 day−1 and total lipid productivity of 10.7 mg l−1 day−1; (4) a maximum detectable bacterial contamination of 7 % of the total number of cells was recorded in an open-pond system; and (5) fatty acid profiling revealed abundance of palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), which are considered to be the key elements for suitable quality biodiesel.
Effect of sex ratio, habitat factors and neighborhood competition on stem growth in the dioecious treeFraxinusmandshurica
Authors: Zhang Xinna , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Xiuhai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGrowth rates of male and female trees are often different in a dioecious species. In this study, we analyzed sex ratios and the effect of gender, neighborhood competition and habitat factors on the stem growth of dioeciousFraxinusmandshuricatrees in a secondary conifer and broad‐leaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. The sex ratio in the 5.2‐ha study area does not deviate significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio, except for trees in the large diameter classes. For dbh >40 cm, the sex ratio is male‐biased. This result suggests that males have a faster rate of stem growth than females, which is usually explained by the higher cost of reproduction in the fruit‐bearing females. An analysis of the dbh distributions of two successive measurements showed that the rate of stem growth of the (27) females drops off with increasing dbh and remains below that of the (35) males. A causal model was used to analyze factors affecting the rate of stem growth, showing that these rates are affected significantly and positively by soil moisture and tree size in both genders and that within‐gender competition is mainly for nitrogen. Our study suggests that neighborhood competition does not affect stem growth significantly, which is a rather surprising result.
An Oral Mixed Fat Load Is Followed by a Modest Anti‐inflammatory Adipocytokine Response in Overweight Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Westerink Jan , Hajer Gideon R. , Kranendonk Mariëtte E. G. , Schipper Henk S. , Monajemi Houshang , Kalkhoven Eric , Visseren Frank L. J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe investigated the postprandial changes in plasma levels of adipocytokines in overweight patients with metabolic syndrome after an oral fat load. After an oral fat load and during a prolonged fast, blood was drawn at 0, 2, 3, 4 and 8 h for measurement of adiponectin, adipsin, cathepsin S, chemerin, hepatic growth factor, interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10, leptin, macrophage chemoattractant protein‐1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, nerve growth factor, retinol binding protein‐4, resistin, serum amyloid A1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 and thrombopoietin using a microbead‐based Luminex assay. Area under the curves (AUC) were calculated and compared. Plasma adiponectin levels were higher after an oral fat load compared to fasting at t = 2 h (950 ± 513 vs. −1,881 ± 713 ng/ml) while the plasma levels for adipsin (−9 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 5 ng/ml), chemerin (−122 ± 35 vs. 13 ± 21 ng/ml), SAA‐1 (−391 ± 213 vs. 522 ± 173 ng/ml) and TPO (−335 ± 144 vs. 622 ± 216 ng/ml) were lower after an oral fat load compared to fasting. The baseline corrected AUC for IP‐10 was higher after fat load compared to fasting (median −116 pg h/ml; IQR −270 to 10 vs. −21 pg h/ml; IQR −136 to 418 (p = 0.047). In conclusion, in overweight male subjects with the metabolic syndrome, an oral fat load is accompanied with a modest anti‐inflammatory response of adipose tissue‐derived adipocytokines.
Subjective Inequality: a Review of International Comparative Studies on People’s Views about Inequality
Authors: Janmaat Jan Germen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study reviews international comparative studies investigating people’s views on inequality. These studies are classified using a framework consisting of three types of conceptions of inequality and two dimensions of inequality. Four perspectives are discussed explaining cross-national differences in views on inequality: the modernist, the culturalist, the micro and the macro perspective. The findings of studies comparing views on inequalities in post-communist and Western states provide more support for the modernist than for the culturalist perspective. Few comparative studies appear to investigate views on inequalities as independent variables impacting on other social attitudes and behaviours. It is argued that the social relevance of the field will be enhanced if more studies can show that views on inequality have an effect on social outcomes complementary to that of objective inequalities.
A design procedure for improving the effectiveness of fractal layouts formation
Authors: Shih Yung Chin , Gonçalves Filho Eduardo Vila 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecently, new types of layouts have been proposed in the literature in order to handle a large number of products. Among these are the fractal layout, aiming at minimization of routing distances. There are already researchers focusing on the design; however, we have noticed that the current approach usually executes several times the allocations of fractal cells on the shop floor up to find the best allocations, which may present a significant disadvantage when applied to a large number of fractal cells owing to combinatorial features. This paper aims to propose a criterion, based on similarity among fractal cells, developed and implemented in a Tabu search heuristics, in order to allocate it on the shop floor in a feasible computational time. Once our proposed procedure is modeled, operations of each workpiece are separated in n subsets and submitted to simulation. The results (traveling distance and makespan) are compared to distributed layout and to functional layout. The results show, in general, a trade-off behavior, that is, when the total routing distance decreases, the makespan increases. Based on our proposed method, depending on the value of segregated fractal cell similarity, it is possible to reduce both performance parameters. Finally, we conclude the proposed procedure shows to be quite promising because allocations of fractal cells demand reduced central processing unit time.
Regulation of photoreceptor gap junction phosphorylation by adenosine in zebrafish retina
Authors: LI HONGYAN , CHUANG ALICE Z. , O’BRIEN JOHN 
Published: January 2014

AbstractElectrical coupling of photoreceptors through gap junctions suppresses voltage noise, routes rod signals into cone pathways, expands the dynamic range of rod photoreceptors in high scotopic and mesopic illumination, and improves detection of contrast and small stimuli. In essentially all vertebrates, connexin 35/36 (gene homologs Cx36 in mammals, Cx35 in other vertebrates) is the major gap junction protein observed in photoreceptors, mediating rod–cone, cone–cone, and possibly rod–rod communication. Photoreceptor coupling is dynamically controlled by the day/night cycle and light/dark adaptation, and is directly correlated with phosphorylation of Cx35/36 at two sites, serine110 and serine 276/293 (homologous sites in teleost fish and mammals, respectively). Activity of protein kinase A (PKA) plays a key role during this process. Previous studies have shown that activation of dopamine D4 receptors on photoreceptors inhibits adenylyl cyclase, down-regulates cAMP and PKA activity, and leads to photoreceptor uncoupling, imposing the daytime/light condition. In this study, we explored the role of adenosine, a nighttime signal with a high extracellular concentration at night and a low concentration in the day, in regulating photoreceptor coupling by examining photoreceptor Cx35 phosphorylation in zebrafish retina. Adenosine enhanced photoreceptor Cx35 phosphorylation in daytime, but with a complex dose–response curve. Selective pharmacological manipulations revealed that adenosine A2a receptors provide a potent positive drive to phosphorylate photoreceptor Cx35 under the influence of endogenous adenosine at night. A2a receptors can be activated in the daytime as well by micromolar exogenous adenosine. However, the higher affinity adenosine A1 receptors are also present and have an antagonistic though less potent effect. Thus, the nighttime/darkness signal adenosine provides a net positive drive on Cx35 phosphorylation at night, working in opposition to dopamine to regulate photoreceptor coupling via a push–pull mechanism. However, the lower concentration of adenosine present in the daytime actually reinforces the dopamine signal through action on the A1 receptor.