bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On some special polynomials appearing in orthogonal systems on the unit circle
Authors: Lasarow Andreas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A classical theorem due to Eneström and Kakeya gives some bounds
for the moduli of the zeros of polynomials having a monotone sequence of non-negative (real) coefficients.
Nowadays, one can find several modifications and generalizations of this result in the literature.
The main subject of the paper is a study of links of coefficients which
occur in some of these general results with a view to the recurrence relations
fulfilled by systems of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle.
In particular, we discuss the question, if the relevant links are consistent with the
recurrence relations or not.
This leads to some new insight into the analyzed classes of polynomials.
A canonical linear system associated to adjoint divisors in characteristic p > 0
Authors: Schwede Karl 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Suppose that X is a projective variety over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. Further suppose that L is an ample (or more generally in some sense positive) divisor. We study a natural linear system in

|

K
X

+
L
|

$\vert K_X + L\vert $

. We further generalize this to incorporate a boundary divisor Δ.
We show that these subsystems behave like the global sections associated to multiplier ideals,

H
0

(
X
,
𝒥

(
X
,
Δ
)

⊗
L
)

$H^0(X, \mathcal {J}(X, \Delta ) \otimes L)$

in characteristic zero. In particular, we show that these systems are in many cases base-point-free. While the original proof utilized Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing and variants of multiplier ideals, our proof uses test ideals.
Occupational therapy based on Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement in rehabilitation process in patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bac Aneta , Chrabota Urszula , Aleksander-Szymanowicz Paulina 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction: The article introduces the fundamental principles of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) and the Canadian Practice Process Framework (CPPF).
Case study: The model specifies and describes the main areas of interest of occupational therapists ‒ the person, the occupation and environment, and mutual relations and interdependencies between these components. It takes into consideration not only the aspect the occupation being performed by the patient, but also the significance of the patient’s involvement in the activity performed. The Canadian model is based on the model of client-centred practice.
Summary: Apart from the elaboration on the theoretical principles of the CPPF-based therapeutic process, this paper also presents an example of the practical application of this model involving work with a rheumatoid patient.
The influence of different recultivation techniques on primary production processes in a degraded urban lake
Authors: Grochowska Jolanta , Brzozowska Renata , Parszuto Katarzyna 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The study was conducted in Lake Długie located in Olsztyn, the Masurian Lake District. In the 1950s and in the 1960s, Lake Długie was used for 20 years as a collector of raw domestic and storm sewage. This has led to complete degradation of the lake. After preliminary protection measures implemented in the catchment, the lake was restored by artificial aeration and phosphorus inactivation methods. Long-term recultivation of the reservoir resulted in a significant and long-lasting improvement of the water quality. Before restoration, the average concentration of organic phosphorus in the surface water layer amounted to 0.166 mg Porg l−1 and of organic nitrogen — to 3.0 mg Norg l−1. After restoration, these values decreased to 0.058 mg Porg l−1 and 2.0 mg Norg l−1. The results obtained eight years after the recultivation of Lake Długie are extremely interesting. The amounts of chlorophyll a did not exceed 7 μg l−1, water transparency remained at a depth of 2.9 m, and BOD5 did not exceed 2 mg O2 l−1. These observations show that during implementation of recultivation treatments, only chemical parameters of the water significantly changed, while biological elements reacted to the treatments with some delay.
Effect of temperature on physiology and bioenergetics of adult Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) from the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Hegele-Drywa Joanna , Normant Monika 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Rates of physiological processes and bioenergetics of the Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii were determined during a 7-day experiment on adult males (mean wet weight 0.83 ± 0.16 g) exposed to temperatures of 15°C and 20°C (S = 7). The results show that the change in temperature by 5°C caused detectable changes in locomotor activity, food consumption and faeces production and significant (p < 0.05) changes in metabolic rates. Food assimilation efficiency and the ammonia excretion rate did not change significantly (p > 0.05). The energy expended on metabolic processes was similar at both temperatures (15°C and 20°C) and amounted to 17.7 ± 6.4% and 16.7 ± 4.3% of the assimilated energy, respectively. Similar values were obtained for net production efficiency K2 (P/A) at 15°C and 20°C, i.e. 80.4 ± 22.4% and 82.9 ± 9.7%, respectively. The amount of energy available for production was 2-fold higher at a temperature of 20°C than at 15°C and amounted to 103.69 ± 25.61 and 206.40 ± 20.76 J d−1g−1 wet wt, respectively. The results show that from the bioenergetic point of view, higher experimental temperature is more “profitable” for adult R. harrisii specimens because it provides better conditions for the growth and reproduction.
The first record of Piscicola pojmanskae Bielecki, 1994 in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea) with species characteristics distinguishing it from Piscicola geometra (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Kendzierska Halina , Dąbrowska Anna , Cichocka Joanna , Janas Urszula , Bielecki Aleksander 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Specimens of Piscicola pojmanskae were identified in the macrozoobenthos community in Zostera meadows in Puck Bay. The presented paper is the first report on the observation of this species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea). Leeches are a rare component of the benthic fauna in this brackish water area.
Effects of Vegetation Structure and Artificial Nesting Habitats on Hatchling Sex Determination and Nest Survival of Diamondback Terrapins
Authors: Grosse Andrew M. , Crawford Brian A. , Maerz John C. , Buhlmann Kurt A. , Norton Terry , Kaylor Michelle , Tuberville Tracey D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
It is often the case that multiple factors contribute to wildlife population declines such that management will require simultaneous, integrated interventions to stabilize and recover populations. Diamondback terrapins Malaclemys terrapin are a species of high conservation priority, and local populations can be threatened by multiple factors, including bycatch in commercial and recreational crab pots, vehicle strikes on coastal roads, nest depredation from subsidized and introduced predators, and terrestrial habitat alteration. Mitigation of just one of these factors will often be insufficient for recovering at-risk populations; thus, information to manage multiple threats is needed. We measured the effects of natural vegetation structure and constructed (artificial) nesting habitat on hatchling sex ratios and nest depredation for a declining terrapin population on Jekyll Island, Georgia. Nest temperatures were highest on constructed nesting mounds, intermediate in open grass areas, and coolest under the shrub-dominated hedgerows. Higher nest temperatures led to shorter incubation times for nests on mounds and open habitat, such that all surviving nests on nesting mounds and open areas produced female hatchlings. In contrast, surviving nests under hedge produced 85% male hatchlings. Raccoon Procyon lotor predation rates of simulated (chicken egg) nests were highest on nesting mounds (95.3%), followed by hedge (84.4%) and open habitats (45.2%). Our results demonstrate that vegetation management can positively affect both production of female hatchlings and nest survival. Artificial nest mounds were successful at producing female hatchlings, but we documented high predation of simulated (chicken egg) nests despite structures to exclude predators. Further modifications to nest boxes atop constructed nesting mounds are needed for these devices to effectively contribute to population management. We suggest the relatively low cost and maintenance associated with removing shrubs and trees can be a viable strategy to manage large areas of nesting habitat for the increased production of female turtles, and to reduce the impacts of subsidized predators.
Homeostasis of Thymus-Derived Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Is Controlled by Ultraviolet B Exposure in the Skin
Authors: Yamazaki Sayuri , Nishioka Akiko , Kasuya Saori , Ohkura Naganari , Hemmi Hiroaki , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Taguchi Osamu , Sakaguchi Shimon , Morita Akimichi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that immunological tolerance induced by Ag administration together with UVB irradiation is dependent on Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, the mechanisms by which UVB controls Treg cells in the skin are currently unclear. In this study, we have shown that exposure to UVB induced expansion of Treg cells up to 50–60% of the CD4+ T cells in the irradiated skin. The Treg cell expansion in the skin lasted for 2 wk after exposure, which contributed to homeostasis of Treg cells in the periphery later. UVB-expanded Treg cells formed clusters with dendritic cells and proliferated in situ. Furthermore, the expanded Treg cells appeared to derive from neuropilin 1+ thymus-derived Treg (tTreg) cells in the periphery because UVB-expanded Treg cells possessed Treg cell–specific CpG hypomethylation pattern, as seen in tTreg cells. These results collectively indicate that homeostasis of tTreg cells is controlled by UVB exposure in the skin. UVB therapy may be useful for not only inflammatory skin disorders, but also autoimmunity, transplantation, and allergy.
Differential Requirement for IL-2 and IL-15 during Bifurcated Development of Thymic Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Marshall Daniel , Sinclair Charles , Tung Sim , Seddon Benedict 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The developmental pathways of regulatory T cells (Treg) generation in the thymus are not fully understood. In this study, we reconstituted thymic development of Zap70-deficient thymocytes with a tetracycline-inducible Zap70 transgene to allow temporal dissection of Treg development. We find that Treg develop with distinctive kinetics, first appearing by day 4 among CD4 single-positive (SP) thymocytes. Accepted models of CD25+Foxp3+ Treg selection suggest development via CD25+Foxp3− CD4 SP precursors. In contrast, our kinetic analysis revealed the presence of abundant CD25−Foxp3+ cells that are highly efficient at maturing to CD25+Foxp3+ cells in response to IL-2. CD25−Foxp3+ cells more closely resembled mature Treg both with respect to kinetics of development and avidity for self-peptide MHC. These population also exhibited distinct requirements for cytokines during their development. CD25–Foxp3+ cells were IL-15 dependent, whereas generation of CD25+Foxp3+ specifically required IL-2. Finally, we found that IL-2 and IL-15 arose from distinct sources in vivo. IL-15 was of stromal origin, whereas IL-2 was of exclusively from hemopoetic cells that depended on intact CD4 lineage development but not either Ag-experienced or NKT cells.
WATER AVAILABILITY IN SOUTHERN PORTUGAL FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS SUBJECTED TO BIAS CORRECTION
Authors: Mourato Sandra , Moreira Madalena , Corte-Real João 
Published: October 2014

Regional climate models provided precipitation and temperature time series for control (1961-1990) and scenario (2071-2100) periods. At southern Portugal, the climate models in the control period systematically present higher temperatures and lower precipitation than the observations. Therefore, the direct input of climate model data into hydrological models might result in more severe scenarios for future water availability.
Three bias correction methods (Delta Change, Direct Forcing and Hybrid) are analysed and their performances in water availability impact studies are assessed. The Delta Change method assumes that the observed series variability is maintained in the scenario period and is corrected by the evolution predicted by the climate models. The Direct Forcing method maintains the scenario series variability, which is corrected by the bias found in the control period, and the Hybrid method maintains the control model series variability, which is corrected by the bias found in the control period and by the evolution predicted by the climate models.
To assess the climate impacts in the water resources expected for the scenario period, a physically based spatially distributed hydrological model, SHETRAN, is used for runoff projections in a southern Portugal basin. The annual and seasonal runoff shows a runoff decrease in the scenario period, increasing the water shortage that is already experienced. The overall annual reduction varies between -80% and -35%. In general, the results show that the runoff reductions obtained with climate models corrected with the Delta Change method are highest but with a narrow range that varies between -80% and -52%.
De posttraumatische stressstoornis als grondslag voor een verzoek tot uitkering uit het Schadefonds Geweldsmisdrijven: een experimentele vignetstudie
Authors: Kunst Maarten 
Published: October 2014

Financial compensation from the Dutch Violent Offences Compensation Fund for posttraumatic stress disorder: an experimental vignette study
Victims of violent crime who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can request financial compensation from the Dutch Violent Offences Compensation Fund (VOCF). Problematic with this is that PTSD is amenable for malingering. Malingering involves the invention or exaggeration of psychological symptoms or the attribution of such symptoms to wrong causes. If malingered PTSD remains undetected, the VOCF will run the risk of compensating damages which do not exist. The literature suggests that malingering can be detected by focusing on extreme scores on symptom screeners. The results of the current study, however, seem to suggest that this may not be an adequate strategy.
Duale identiteit in een multiculturele samenleving: een longitudinale kwalitatieve effectmeting van de weerbaarheidstraining Diamant
Authors: Feddes Allard R. , Mann Liesbeth , de Zwart Nathalie , Doosje Bertjan 
Published: October 2014

Dual identity in a multicultural society. A longitudinal qualitative effect study of resilience training Diamant
In this article a longitudinal effect study is described of resilience training Diamant. The training focuses in particular on adolescents with a dual identity who do not have work, are not enrolled in an education, feel unfairly treated (relatively deprived), have low self-esteem, and are at risk of social isolation. The training can be considered as a method to prevent development of criminal behaviour and possibly radicalisation. Certified trainers work with small groups of 10 to 15 adolescents to increase their resilience and help them finding their place in society. The present research focused on the following questions: (1) Does this training have a positive effect on self-esteem among the participants? (2) Does social isolation decrease as a consequence of the training? (3) Does the training reduce feelings of relative deprivation and help participants better deal with conflicts? Participants were interviewed before and halfway the training and directly after completing the training. A follow-up measurement three months after the end of the training examined effects on the longer term. In total 44 semi-structured interviews were held. Interviews were written out and coded using a two-step procedure: In the first step two researchers independently coded each interview. Second, when necessary, changes in the coding scheme were made. Then each interview was coded separately by the two researchers and disagreements were discussed until full agreement was reached. The results show that Diamant has a positive effect on self-esteem of participants. Also, participants overall showed an increase in connectedness to society. Third, Diamant reduced feelings of relative deprivation and participants indicated they could better deal with conflicts. Based on these results it is concluded that Diamant is effective in regard to its goals which were evaluated in this study. Limitations of the research and possibilities for future studies are discussed.
Incorporating spatial dependence in regional frequency analysis
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Yan Jun , Zhang Xuebin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe efficiency of regional frequency analysis (RFA) is undermined by intersite dependence, which is usually ignored in parameter estimation. We propose a spatial index flood model where marginal generalized extreme value distributions are joined by an extreme‐value copula characterized by a max‐stable process for the spatial dependence. The parameters are estimated with a pairwise likelihood constructed from bivariate marginal generalized extreme value distributions. The estimators of model parameters and return levels can be more efficient than those from the traditional index flood model when the max‐stable process fits the intersite dependence well. Through simulation, we compared the pairwise likelihood method with an L‐moment method and an independence likelihood method under various spatial dependence models and dependence levels. The pairwise likelihood method was found to be the most efficient in mean squared error if the dependence model was correctly specified. When the dependence model was misspecified within the max‐stable models, the pairwise likelihood method was still competitive relative to the other two methods. When the dependence model was not a max‐stable model, the pairwise likelihood method led to serious bias in estimating the shape parameter and return levels, especially when the dependence was strong. In an illustration with annual maximum precipitation data from Switzerland, the pairwise likelihood method yielded remarkable reduction in the standard errors of return level estimates in comparison to the L‐moment method.
Sulfates hydrating bulk soil in the Martian low and middle latitudes
Authors: Karunatillake S. , Wray J. J. , Gasnault O. , McLennan S. M. , Rogers A. D. , Squyres S. W. , Boynton W. V. , Skok J. R. , Ojha L. , Olsen N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe evidence for sulfate‐bearing strata, across Late‐Noachian to Amazonian eons, suggests a central role for sulfates in acidity and salinity of Martian paleofluids and the planet's habitability. However, details remain unclear owing to shallow sampling and the limited ability of visible/near‐infrared spectroscopy to distinguish among some sulfates. Using chemical data from the Mars Odyssey gamma ray spectrometer, including the sulfur map of Mars, we confirm the possibility of hydrous sulfates acting as key hydrates throughout the southern midlatitudinal soil at decimeter depths. An H2O:S molar ratio between 2.4 and 4.0 for 80% of the midlatitudes is also consistent with hydrous sulfate phases, including the many Fe sulfates hydrated in this range or mixtures of Ca and Mg sulfates. Nevertheless, hydrous Fe sulfates could explain our observations in a simpler manner relative to Ca/Mg mixtures. Furthermore, phyllosilicates, zeolites, amorphous phases, and H2O(s) do not seem to be strong candidates to explain the H‐S variations. Consequently, we speculate that sulfates, as the primary contributor of H2O in bulk soil, may influence modern aqueous processes including warm‐season slope lineae in the southern hemisphere.
Stability of hydrous phase H MgSiO4H2 under lower mantle conditions
Authors: Ohtani Eiji , Amaike Yohei , Kamada Seiji , Sakamaki Tatsuya , Hirao Naohisa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report the stability field of a new high‐pressure hydrous phase, phase H MgSiO4H2, and its implications for water transport into the deep lower mantle. We observed the existence of hydrous phase H at pressures around 50 GPa, and this phase was stable up to 60 GPa. Our results, together with those of previous works, indicate that pure phase H MgSiO4H2 has a very narrow stability field in the pressure range 35 < P < 60 GPa, equivalent to the uppermost part of the lower mantle. The stability field expands significantly toward higher pressures and temperatures on dissolution of the hydrous AlOOH component. The hydrous phase H‐phase δ solid solution (aluminous phase H), (MgSi,Al2)O4H2, is potentially the most important hydrous phase present under the deep lower mantle conditions.
Revisiting the latitude fluctuations of the eastern Pacific ITCZ during the central Pacific El Niño
Authors: Xie Ruihuang , Yang Yuxing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSome previous studies have reported that the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Pacific (EP) shifted northward during the peak phase of the central Pacific (CP‐type) El Niño. However, this study presents a new result that the EP ITCZ shifts slightly southward in the peak season and rarely has an anomalous meridional shift during other seasons of the CP‐type El Niño. Unlike the extensive southward shift of the anomalous convergence in the conventional EP‐type El Niño, the convergence anomalies during the CP‐type El Niño develop locally without extending beyond the EP ITCZ region. Therefore, it is risky to infer the latitude fluctuation of the EP ITCZ from the cross‐equator southerly and precipitation/convergence anomalies in the EP during the CP‐type El Niño. A suggestion of doing so is to examine both the anomalous and total patterns of sea surface temperature and low‐level wind convergence.
Can inertia‐gravity waves persistently alter the tropopause inversion layer?
Authors: Kunkel Daniel , Hoor Peter , Wirth Volkmar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPrevious simulations of baroclinic life cycles have shown, among many other features, the evolution of a tropopause inversion layer (TIL) as well as the spontaneous emission of inertia‐gravity waves (IGWs). This study suggests that the latter two are related to each other, i.e., that IGWs may affect the TIL in a persistent manner. The IGWs are emitted along the jet and grow to large amplitudes, leading to the appearance of low‐gradient Richardson numbers that indicate Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability. Ensuing energy dissipation, local heating, and turbulence may persistently alter the thermodynamical structure of the tropopause region and, therefore, contribute to TIL formation or alter an existing TIL. Moreover, the flow in the region of the IGW favors the occurrence of wave capture, which may enhance the effect of wave breaking.