bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal prediction of regional surface air temperature and first‐flowering date over South Korea
Authors: Hur Jina , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe forecast capability of the first‐flowering date (FFD) over South Korea is evaluated using the seasonal (1‐ to 3‐month lead) prediction from the global [Pusan National University (PNU) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) v1.1] and regional [Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) v3.0] climate models. Gridded data with high spatial (3 km) and temporal (daily) resolution are produced using the physically based dynamical models. Dynamical downscaling is performed using WRF v3.0 with the lateral forcing from hourly outputs of PNU CGCM v1.1. Statistical correction is then used to eliminate systematic bias in the model output. The FFDs of cherry, peach and pear in South Korea are predicted for the decade of 1999–2008 by applying the corrected daily temperature predictions to the phenological thermal‐time model. The WRF v3.0 results reflect the detailed topographical effect, despite having cold and warm biases for warm and cold seasons, respectively. After applying the correction, the mean temperature for early spring (February to April) clearly represents the general pattern of observation, while preserving the advantages of dynamical downscaling. The FFD predictabilities for the three species of trees are evaluated in terms of qualitative, quantitative and categorical estimations. Although FFDs derived from the corrected WRF results well predicted the spatial distribution and the variation of observation, the prediction performance has no statistical significance or appropriate predictability. Even though the upcoming flowering phenology could not be accurately predicted, the present study approach may be helpful in obtaining detailed and useful information about FFD and regional temperature by accounting for physically based atmospheric dynamics.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate and varying concentrations of sodium chloride in brine on the liquid retention of fish (Pollachius virens L.) muscle
Authors: Åsli Magnus , Ofstad Ragni , Böcker Ulrike , Jessen Flemming , Einen Olai , Mørkøre Turid 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDNegative health effects associated with excessive sodium (Na) intake have increased the demand for tasty low‐Na products (<2% NaCl) rather than traditional heavily salted fish products (∼20% NaCl). This study investigates the causes of improved yield and liquid retention of fish muscle brined with a combination of salt (NaCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).RESULTSWater characteristics and microstructure of saithe (Pollachius virens L.) muscle brined in solutions of NaCl and NaHCO3 or NaCl alone were compared using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) T2 relaxometry, microscopy, salt content, liquid retention and colorimetric measurements. Saithe muscle was brined for 92 h in 0, 30, 60, 120 or 240 g kg−1 NaCl or the respective solutions with added 7.5 g kg−1 NaHCO3. NaHCO3 inclusion improved the yield in solutions ranging from 0 to 120 g kg−1 NaCl, with the most pronounced effect being observed at 30 g kg−1 NaCl. The changes in yield were reflected in water mobility, with significantly shorter T2 relaxation times in all corresponding brine concentrations. Salt‐dependent microstructural changes were revealed by light microscopy, where NaHCO3 supplementation resulted in greater intracellular space at 30 and 60 g kg−1 NaCl.CONCLUSIONSodium bicarbonate addition to low‐salt solutions can improve yield and flesh quality of fish muscle owing to altered water mobility and wider space between the muscle cells. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
In colon cancer, normal colon tissue and blood cells have altered telomere lengths
Authors: Valls‐Bautista Cristina , Piñol‐Felis Carme , Reñé‐Espinet Josep M. , Buenestado‐García Juan , Viñas‐Salas Joan 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundTelomere length (TL) shortened occurs in colorectal carcinogenetic process. Our objective is to determine if it is only a local fact or there are alterations in normal colon cells and in other body cells.MethodsTL of tumoral and normal mucosa and leukocytes of 40 patients operated of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 40 control patients with normal colonoscopy were measured by Southern‐blot. Groups were matched by the same localization as tumors, sex, and age.ResultsIn CRC patients, TRFL (Telomere Repeat Factor Length) leukocytes mean was 8.84 kpb, normal colonic mucosa 7.97 kpb, and tumoral mucosa 7.33 kpb (P < 0.001). In the 40 normal control patients, mean TRFL of colonic mucosa was 7.76 kpb, while in blood cells was 7.01 kpb (P < 0.001). We observed an inverse correlation between leukocytes TRFL and age (r2 = 0.17, P = 0.008). Mucosa TRFL correlates significantly with patient's age (r2 = 0.138, P = 0.018). TRFL of controls colonic mucosa correlates with TRFL of their blood cells (r2 = 0.354, P < 0.001).ConclusionsNormal colonic mucosa and leukocytes in CCR patients presents telomere altered in respect to normal patients. Telomere length in normal leukocytes could be an initial marker for colorectal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:899–904. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase I trial of active specific immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with autologous irradiated tumor stem cells in hepatitis B‐positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaojin , Bayer Michael E. , Chen Xiaosong , Fredrickson Craig , Cornforth Andrew N. , Liang Greg , Cannon Jessica , He Jia , Fu Qingchun , Liu Jia , Nistor Gabriel I. , Cao Wei , Chen Chengwei , Dillman Robert O. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often associated with chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis‐B or ‐C viruses. Active specific immunotherapy (ASI) with autologous dendritic cells (DC) presenting antigens from autologous tumor stem cell (TC) lines is associated with promising long‐term survival in metastatic cancer, but hepatitis patients were excluded. ASI might benefit high‐risk primary HCC patients following surgical resection, but first it is important to show that ASI does not exacerbate hepatitis.MethodsPreviously untreated HCC patients with a solitary lesion > 5 cm, or three lesions with at least one > 3 cm, or more than three lesions, underwent surgical resection from which autologous TC lines were established. Irradiated TC were incubated with autologous DC to create DC‐TC. After one course of trans‐arterial chemoembolization therapy (TACE), three weekly subcutaneous injections of DC‐TC suspended in granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor were administered. Patients were monitored for eight weeks.ResultsHCC cell lines were established within five weeks for 15/15 patients. Eight patients, all with chronic hepatitis B, were treated. There was no increase in hepatic transaminases, hepatitis B antigens, or viral DNA.ConclusionAutologous DC‐TC did not exacerbate HBV in these HCC patients. A phase II efficacy trial is being planned. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:862–867. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variability in surgical quality in a phase III clinical trial of radical cystectomy in patients with organ‐confined, node‐negative urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Mata Douglas A. , Groshen Susan , Von Rundstedt Friedrich‐Carl , Skinner Donald G. , Stadler Walter M. , Cote Richard J. , Stein John P. , Lerner Seth P. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesPrevious studies have shown that variability in surgical technique can affect the outcomes of cooperative group trials. We analyzed measures of surgical quality and clinical outcomes in patients enrolled in the p53‐MVAC trial.MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis of patients with pT1‐T2N0M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder following radical cystectomy (RC) and bilateral pelvic and iliac lymphadenectomy (LND). Measures of surgical quality were examined for associations with time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS).ResultsWe reviewed operative and/or pathology reports for 440 patients from 35 sites. We found that only 31% of patients met all suggested trial eligibility criteria of having ≥15 lymph nodes identified in the pathologic specimen (LN#) and having undergone both extended and presacral LND. There was no association between extent of LND, LN#, or presacral LND and TTR or OS after adjustment for confounders and multiple testing.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that there was substantial variability in surgical technique within a cooperative group trial. Despite explicit entry criteria, many patients did not undergo per‐protocol LNDs. While outcomes were not apparently affected, it is nonetheless evident that careful attention to study design and quality monitoring will be critical to successful future trials. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:923–928. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy of EUS and CT imaging in preoperative gastric cancer staging
Authors: Fairweather Mark , Jajoo Kunal , Sainani Nisha , Bertagnolli Monica M. , Wang Jiping 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundNeoadjuvant therapy is recommended for locally advanced gastric cancer patients (stage IB–IIIC). The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) in identifying patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.MethodsPatients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy at our institution were reviewed. Preoperative EUS and CT staging were compared with pathologic staging to determine accuracy.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2013, 280 patients were identified. Forty‐nine patients (18%) who underwent preoperative staging by EUS were analyzed. The accuracy of EUS in identifying individual T stage and N stage was 41.0% and 42.9%, respectively. EUS had moderate accuracy in differentiating locally advanced from early (stage 0–IA) disease (75.5%, area under curve (AUC) 0.772). For individual T stage and N stage, the accuracy of CT was 4.0% and 56%, respectively. CT had relatively poor accuracy in differentiating locally advanced from early disease (60.0%, AUC 0.649).ConclusionsEUS and CT had poor performance in identifying individual T and N stage although EUS demonstrated moderate accuracy in identifying patients with locally advanced disease. A combined staging approach, in addition to further optimization of staging modalities, is required for accurate staging for patients with gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:1016–1020. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Taiwanese Derriford Appearance Scale: The translation and validation of a scale to measure individual responses to living with problems of appearance
Authors: Moss Timothy Peter , Lawson Victoria , Liu Chiu Ying 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe extent of concern about physical appearance is increasingly the subject of scientific study, interventions by health professionals, and media attention. To enable carefully evaluated studies exploring the psychosocial antecedents of appearance distress, and to determine the success of interventions, the Derriford Appearance Scale 24 (DAS24) was developed. This psychometrically sound measure is well used and cited in the appearance psychology field. Outside of a Western context, the extent and impact of appearance distress is less well known. This paper describes the adaptation of the DAS24 for use in Taiwan. A formal translation protocol was followed to adapt the DAS24 into Taiwanese/Cantonese. Two hundred and eight participants from a general population and a visibly different population were recruited in Taipei, Taiwan. These participants completed a test pack administered comprising the translated DAS24, and established measures of anxiety and depression. The scale was analyzed on the basis of classical test theory. A translated DAS Scale comprising 19 items and including three clear factors was the best solution. The scale had good internal consistency, clear convergent validity, and good test‐retest reliability. The three factors that emerged were appearance‐related social avoidance, social distress, and negative affect. Consistent with expectations, (a) women scored higher than men (greater appearance distress), (b) the cause of appearance difference (burns, cleft lip/palate, etc.) was unrelated to appearance distress, and (c) those with visible differences were more concerned about their appearance than those without. The Taiwanese DAS19 is a user‐friendly and psychometrically sound scale that fulfils an important clinical and scientific need. The items that were omitted from the translated version were considered in relation to cultural differences in the experience and expression of shame between Western countries and Taiwan/China, which demands a careful future analysis.
Overview of the impact of noninvasive prenatal testing on diagnostic procedures
Authors: Warsof Steven L. , Larion Sebastian , Abuhamad Alfred Z. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has had a profound influence in the field of prenatal diagnosis since the 1997 discovery of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal blood. Research has progressed rapidly, with clinical data supporting laboratory studies showing that NIPT is highly sensitive and specific for fetal aneuploidy, resulting in marked uptake in the high‐risk patient population. The superior accuracy of NIPT compared with conventional screening methods has led to significant decreases in the number of invasive diagnostic procedures, in addition to a concomitant decrease in the number of procedure‐related fetal losses. Yet, NIPT has been described as a ‘disruptive innovation’ due to the considerable changes the technology has commanded on current prenatal screening and diagnostic practices. This review summarizes both institutional and global experience with NIPT uptake, its effect on reducing diagnostic invasive procedures, and the unique challenges that reduced procedural volume may have on physician and trainee proficiency, cytogenetic laboratories, and neonatal outcome. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of amphiphilic polymer networks with guest‐host properties
Authors: Hodge Mathis , Gyanwali Gaumani , Villines Cameron , White Jeffery L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA modular assembly procedure for producing amphiphilic polymer networks containing specific linker lengths between cyclodextrin (CD) cross‐link sites is described. The linker type and length can be selected to tune the relative hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the network, and the size of the guest‐host binding site can be varied by using either α‐, β‐, or γ‐CD as the node. The two‐step, one‐pot reaction sequence produces well‐defined networks with stable ether linkages that can be purified by simple washing and filtration steps. Short ethylene glycol versus long polyethylene oxide linkers result in networks that are generally insoluble in common organic solvents, but which swell to varying degrees in polar protic, polar aprotic, and chlorinated solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, and chloroform. All networks swell in water and present a hydrophobic CD cavity that is available for binding nonpolar molecules. The networks should be applicable to the removal of hydrophobic contaminants, for example, pharmaceutical molecules, from water or wastewater streams. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1824–1831
Silylium dual catalysis in living polymerization of methacrylates via In situ hydrosilylation of monomer
Authors: Xu Tieqi , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSilylium ions (“R3Si+”) are found to catalyze both 1,4‐hydrosilylation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with R3SiH to generate the silyl ketene acetal initiator in situ and subsequent living polymerization of MMA. The living characteristics of the MMA polymerization initiated by R3SiH (Et3SiH or Me2PhSiH) and catalyzed by [Et3Si(L)]+[B(C6F5)4]– (L = toluene), which have been revealed by four sets of experiments, enabled the synthesis of the polymers with well‐controlled Mn values (identical or nearly identical to the calculated ones), narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ = 1.05–1.09), and well defined chain structures {H[MMA]nH}. The polymerization is highly efficient too, with quantitative or near quantitative initiation efficiencies (I* = 96–100%). Monitoring of the reaction of MMA + Me2PhSiH + [Et3Si(L)]+[B(C6F5)4]– (0.5 mol%) by 1H NMR provided clear evidence for in situ generation of the corresponding SKA, Me2CC(OMe)OSiMe2Ph, via the proposed “Et3Si+”‐catalyzed 1,4‐hydrosilylation of monomer through “frustrated Lewis pair” type activation of the hydrosilane in the form of the isolable silylium‐silane complex, [Et3SiHSiR3]+[B(C6F5)4]–. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1895–1903
National study of chronic disease self‐management: 6‐month and 12‐month findings among cancer survivors and non‐cancer survivors
Authors: Salvatore Alicia L. , Ahn SangNam , Jiang Luohua , Lorig Kate , Ory Marcia G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the applicability of the Stanford Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP) for cancer survivors and compared outcomes among cancer survivors and participants with other chronic diseases (non‐cancer survivors).MethodsParticipants were older adults (n = 1170) enrolled in the National Study of CDSMP. Detailed information about physical and psychosocial health status and health and healthcare behaviors was collected from participants (n = 116 cancer survivors and n = 1054 non‐cancer survivors) via self‐report before CDSMP participation and at 6‐month and 12‐month follow‐ups. Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess baseline‐to‐6‐month and baseline‐to‐12‐month changes.ResultsAmong cancer survivors, general health, depression, and sleep significantly improved from baseline to 6 months. These significant changes were sustained at 12 months. Communication with physician, medication compliance, pain, days in poor physical health, days in poor mental health, and days kept from usual activities and physical activity also improved significantly from baseline to 12 months. Among non‐cancer survivors, all outcomes except medication compliance and stress improved significantly from baseline to 6 months. At 12 months, medication compliance also improved significantly.ConclusionsFindings suggest that participation in CDSMP, an evidence‐based chronic disease self‐management intervention not specifically tailored for cancer survivorship, may significantly improve physical and psychosocial health status and key health and healthcare behaviors among cancer survivors. Additional research is needed to elucidate cancer survivors' unique needs and examine the benefits of tailored versions of CDSMP. Nevertheless, CDSMP, available at scale nationally and internationally, is a promising intervention for cancer survivors and should be considered a valuable component of survivorship care. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the Heat and Kinetics of Nitration of 1,2,4‐Triazol‐5‐one (TO)
Authors: Trzciński Waldemar A. , Szala Mateusz , Rejmer Wojciech 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe heat effects of the nitration and dissolution processes of 1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (TO) in acidic environments were measured by differential reaction calorimetry. The kinetics of nitration of TO in a 200‐mL reactor were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Temperature changes were measured in a 10‐L batch reactor during the TO nitration. A model of kinetics for the synthesis of 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) was proposed and it was used to simulate the phenomena occurring in the calorimeter and in the reactors. The experimental data were compared with modeling results and parameters of the Arrhenius equation for synthesis of NTO with selected nitration mixtures were determined.
Elasticity of Crystalline Molecular Explosives
Authors: Hooks Daniel E. , Ramos Kyle J. , Bolme C. A. , Cawkwell Marc J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCrystalline molecular explosives are key components of engineered explosive formulations. In precision applications a high degree of consistency and predictability is desired under a range of conditions to a variety of stimuli. Prediction of behaviors from mechanical response and failure to detonation initiation and detonation performance of the material is linked to accurate knowledge of the material structure and first stage of deformation: elasticity. The elastic response of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), including aspects of material and measurement variability, and computational methods are described in detail. Experimental determinations of elastic tensors are compared, and an evaluation of sources of error is presented. Computed elastic constants are also compared for these materials and for triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), for which there are no measurements.
Impact of water‐rinse treatment on Cu2ZnSnS4 studied by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis
Authors: Toyama Toshihiko , Konishi Takafumi , Tsuji Ryotaro , Maenishi Ryuichiro , Arata Akiko , Yudate Shinji , Shirakata Sho 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin‐film solar cells are considered promising for terawatt‐scale production. It has been established that in the fabrication process of CZTS thin‐film solar cells, a water‐rinse treatment for the CZTS surface yields a great improvement in conversion efficiency. We studied the mechanism of the water‐rinse treatment on an aged crystalline‐CZTS sample, using the X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) technique, which is highly sensitive for oxidation states of sulfur. The sulfur K‐edge XANES spectra revealed a dramatic change at around 2480 eV after a 3‐min water‐rinse treatment. By comparison with the spectra of reference samples, we posit the removal of surface sulfate cations as a possible source for this behavior. From further comparison with the spectrum of a thin‐film sample, we discuss the use of this short 3‐min treatment time in actual device‐fabrication procedures. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation and photoluminescence properties of Mn‐doped deep red emitting phosphor under blue to near ultraviolet excitations
Authors: Kawakita Shoma , Kominami Hiroko , Hara Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPreparation method and photoluminescence properties of Mg2(Ti0.99‐x ‐y, Gex, Siy)O4:Mn phosphor for white LED was studied. The obtained powders showed deep red emission around 670 nm under blue light excitation. The PL intensity depended on the ratio of IV atoms, and PL spectra depended on the IV atom consisted in the phosphors. It was found that the ternary or multinary compounds showed higher luminescence. It indicates that the properties of Mg2(Ti0.99‐x, Gex)O4:Mn might much improve by preparation of completed alloy. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)