bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of whole-body and heart mass effect sizes from a long-term artificial selection experiment for high voluntary exercise
Authors: Schwartz Nicole E. , Garland Theodore 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Selection experiments play an increasingly important role in comparative and evolutionary physiology. However, selection experiments can be limited by relatively low statistical power, in part because replicate line is the experimental unit for analyses of direct or correlated responses (rather than number of individuals measured). One way to increase the ability to detect correlated responses is through a meta-analysis of studies for a given trait across multiple generations. To demonstrate this, we applied meta-analytic techniques to two traits (body mass and heart ventricle mass, with body mass as a covariate) from a long-term artificial selection experiment for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. In this experiment, all four replicate High Runner (HR) lines reached apparent selection limits around generations 17–27, running approximately 2.5- to 3-fold more revolutions per day than the four non-selected Control (C) lines. Although both traits would also be expected to change in HR lines (relative heart size expected to increase, expected direction for body mass is less clear), their statistical significance has varied, despite repeated measurements. We compiled information from 33 unique studies and calculated a measure of effect size (Pearson's R). Our results indicate that, despite a lack of statistical significance in most generations, HR mice have evolved larger hearts and smaller bodies relative to controls. Moreover, plateaus in effect sizes for both traits coincide with the generational range during which the selection limit for wheel-running behavior was reached. Finally, since reaching the selection limit, absolute effect sizes for body mass and heart ventricle mass have become smaller (i.e. closer to 0).
Computing Optimal Strategies for a Search Game in Discrete Locations
Authors: Clarkson Jake , Lin Kyle Y. 
Published: August 2024

Consider a two-person zero-sum search game between a hider and a searcher. The hider hides among n discrete locations, and the searcher successively visits individual locations until finding the hider. Known to both players, a search at location i takes ti time units and detects the hider—if hidden there—independently with probability αi, for [Formula: see text]. The hider aims to maximize the expected time until detection, whereas the searcher aims to minimize it. We present an algorithm to compute an optimal strategy for each player. We demonstrate the algorithm’s efficiency in a numerical study, in which we also study the characteristics of the optimal hiding strategy. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: J. Clarkson is grateful for the support of the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council STOR-i Centre for Doctoral Training at Lancaster University [Grant EP/L015692/1]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0155 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Screening accuracy and cut-offs of the Polish version of Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales-Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist
Authors: Sobieski Mateusz , Kopszak Anna , Wrona Sylwia , Bujnowska-Fedak Maria Magdalena 
Published: August 2024

Background
The first stage of diagnosing autism spectrum disorders usually involves population screening to detect children at risk. This study aims to assess the predictive convergent validity of the Polish version of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales-Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP ITC) with the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS), evaluate its sensitivity and specificity and assess the cut-off points for the possibility of using this questionnaire in population screening among children aged 6 to 24 months.

Method
The study was conducted among 602 children from the general population who had previously participated in the earlier phase of validation of the questionnaire for Polish conditions. The collected data were statistically processed to calculate the accuracy (i.e. sensitivity, specificity) of the questionnaire.

Results
In individual age groups, the sensitivity of the questionnaire varies from 0.667 to 0.750, specificity from 0.854 to 0.939, positive predictive value from 0.261 to 0.4 and negative predictive value—from 0.979 to 0.981. Screening accuracy ranges from 0.847 to 0.923 depending on the age group. The adopted cut-off points are 21 points for children aged 9–12 months, 36 for children aged 13–18 months, 39 for children aged 19–24 months. Cut-off points could not be established for children aged 6–8 months. The convergent validity values with the ASRS ranged from -0.28 to -0.431 and were highest in the group of the oldest children.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the Polish version of the CSBS-DP ITC can be used as an effective tool for ASD universal screening.
Sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women who experienced violence in Germany: Analysis of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1)
Authors: Wellmann Antonia Marie , Costa Diogo 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Violence against women is a widespread public health concern with severe effects to women’s sexual and reproductive health, including higher risks for miscarriage or stillbirth, unintended pregnancy and induced abortion. This study examined the association between women exposure to physical violence, psychological violence and sexual and reproductive health outcomes (contraceptive use, miscarriage or stillbirth and abortion) in Germany.

Methods
This study used a cross-sectional research design to analyze data on violence against women and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes collected through the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, Wave 1, between 2008 and 2011 (n = 3149 women, aged 18–64 years). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between experiences of violence among women and the presence of sexual and reproductive health outcomes, considering the influence of socio-demographic and health-related factors (age, marital status, socioeconomic status, social support, number of children, alcohol consumption, health status, chronic conditions).

Results
Three associations remained significant (p<0.05) in fully-adjusted models: (i) exposure to physical violence by a parent or caregiver and birth control pill utilization (aOR, adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.02–1.81) (ii) exposure to physical violence since the age of 16 and miscarriage or stillbirth (aOR, 95%CI: 1.89, 1.17–3.04); and (iii) exposure to psychological violence by a parent or caregiver and abortion (aOR, 95%CI: 1.87, 1.30–2.70).

Conclusions
The results suggest that adult German women who experienced physical or psychological violence since the age of 16, including violence perpetrated by a parent or caregiver, were more likely to report miscarriage or stillbirth and abortion. Direct assessment of violence experiences against women should be conducted by healthcare professionals in clinical encounters, particularly by obstetrics and gynaecological specialists, for the prevention of women´s adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Furthermore, violence should be treated as a major public health concern and addressed through a multisectoral approach, involving the healthcare and educational sectors, researchers and relevant policymakers.
Effect of simultaneous multislice imaging, slice properties, and repetition time on the measured magnetic resonance biexponential intravoxel incoherent motion in the liver
Authors: Loh Martin , Führes Tobit , Stuprich Christoph , Benkert Thomas , Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Uder Michael , Laun Frederik Bernd 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
This study aims to investigate the previously reported dependency of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters on simultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisition and repetition time (TR). This includes the influence of slice thickness, slice gaps, and slice order on measured IVIM parameters.

Materials and methods
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the liver was performed on 10 healthy volunteers (aged 20–30 years) at 3T with a slice thickness of 5 mm, a slice gap of 5 mm, and a linear slice order. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired with 19 b-values (0–800 s/mm2) using both conventional slice excitation with an acceleration factor of one (AF1) and SMS excitation with an acceleration factor of three (AF3). Each of these measurements were carried out with two repetition times (TRs)– 1,300 ms (prefix s) and 4,500 ms (prefix l)–resulting in four different combinations: sAF1, sAF3, lAF1, and lAF3. Five volunteers underwent additional measurements using a 10 mm slice thickness and with AF1. Median signal values in the liver were used to determine the biexponential IVIM parameters. Statistical significances were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Student’s t-test. In-silico investigations were also used to interpret the data.

Results
There were no significant differences between the biexponential IVIM parameters acquired from sAF1, sAF3, lAF1, and lAF3. Median values of the perfusion fraction f were as follows: 29.9% (sAF1), 26.9% (sAF3), 28.1% (lAF1), and 27.5% (lAF3). In the 10 mm-thick slices, f decreased from 31.3% (lAF1) to 27.4% (sAF1) (p = 0.141).

Conclusion
The slice excitation mode did not appear to have any significant influence on the biexponential IVIM parameters. However, our simulations, as well as values reported from previous publications, show that slice thickness, slice gaps, and slice order are relevant and should thus be reported in IVIM studies.
Insights into the dosimetric and geometric characteristics of stereotactic radiosurgery for multiple brain metastases: A systematic review
Authors: Mukwada Godfrey , Chamunyonga Crispen , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Gill Suki , Ebert Martin A. 
Published: August 2024

Background
GammaKnife (GK) and CyberKnife (CK) have been the mainstay stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) solution for multiple brain metastases (MBM) for several years. Recent technological advancement has seen an increase in single-isocentre C-arm linac-based SRS. This systematic review focuses on dosimetric and geometric insights into contemporary MBM SRS and thereby establish if linac-based SRS has matured to match the mainstay SRS delivery systems.

Methods
The PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were interrogated which yielded 891 relevant articles that narrowed to 20 articles after removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary studies which reported the use of SRS for treatment of MBM SRS and reported the technical aspects including dosimetry were included. The review was limited to English language publications from January 2015 to August 2023. Only full-length papers were included in the final analysis. Opinion papers, commentary pieces, letters to the editor, abstracts, conference proceedings and editorials were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The reporting of conformity indices (CI) and gradient indices, V12Gy, monitor units and the impact of translational and rotational shifts were extracted and analysed.

Results
The single-isocentre technique for MBM dominated recent SRS studies and the most studied delivery platforms were Varian. The C-arm linac-based SRS plan quality and normal brain tissue sparing was comparable to GK and CK and in some cases better. The most used nominal beam energy was 6FFF, and optimised couch and collimator angles could reduce mean normal brain dose by 11.3%. Reduction in volume of the healthy brain receiving a certain dose was dependent on the number and size of the metastases and the relative geometric location. GK and CK required 4.5–8.4 times treatment time compared with linac-based SRS. Rotational shifts caused larger changes in CI in C-arm linac-based single-isocentre SRS.

Conclusion
C-arm linac-based SRS produced comparable MBM plan quality and the delivery is notably shorter compared to GK and CK SRS.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Depersonalisation Derealisation Disorder (CBT-f-DDD): Study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: McRedmond Georgia , Gafoor Rafael , Ring Lucy , Morant Nicola , Perkins Joe , Dalrymple Nicola , Dumitru Ana , David Anthony S. , Lewis Glyn , Hunter Elaine C. M. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder (DDD) is a distressing mental health condition which causes individuals to have a sense of ‘unreality’ or detachment about themselves and/or the world around them. DDD is chronically under-researched, and as a result, under-diagnosed, with a population prevalence of about 1%. In systematic reviews, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has been found to be the only intervention with significant clinical impact on alleviating the symptoms of DDD. However, previous studies have suffered from small sample sizes, reliance on expert clinicians to provide therapy and narrow population demographics. This feasibility randomised controlled trial aims to provide more robust evidence for the treatment efficacy of CBT in DDD.

Methods
The study aims to recruit 40 participants from two NHS trusts, 20 per arm from two community Mental Health NHS services in London. The intervention group will receive 12–24 individual CBT sessions over a 6-month period from CBT therapists following specialist training for DDD. The control group will receive Treatment as Usual. We will assess the feasibility of a future RCT through measuring the acceptability of the intervention, and assessing our ability to recruit, retain and randomise participants. We will calculate the correlation of scores on the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale, its baseline standard deviation, assess the magnitude/direction of change and characterise the uncertainty in the outcome scores and the probability that the results have been obtained by chance.

Discussion
The outputs of this trial will guide whether a definite RCT is feasible and acceptable, for both the clinician and participant.

Trial registration
The ISRCTN registration number is ISRCTN97686121(https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN97686121).
The impact of chewing khat during pregnancy on selected pregnancy outcomes in eastern Ethiopia: A cohort study with a generalized structural equation modeling analysis approach
Authors: Wondemagegn Amsalu Taye , Bekana Miressa , Bekuretsion Yonas , Afework Mekbeb 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Little is known about the fetal and pregnancy effects of khat chewing during pregnancy. The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of chewing khat during pregnancy on selected pregnancy outcomes in Ethiopia, 2022: A Cohort Study with a Generalized Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Approach.

Methods
An institution-based prospective cohort study was employed in selected hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Pregnant women who visited the selected hospitals in the study area during the study period that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included until a sample size (344) was fulfilled. The main outcomes studied in the present study were preterm birth and low birth weight. Data were collected through anthropometric and clinical measurements, and interviewers administered questionnaires. The survival analysis and generalized linear model analysis were performed to estimate the crude and adjusted relative risk and attributable risk. The Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) analysis was performed using the Statistical software for data science (Stata) ‘GSEM’ command to examine the mediation effect.

Results
The risk of occurrence of preterm birth was significantly higher among khat chewers [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 2.19; 95%CI 1.21–3.96]. In further analysis after adjusting for gestational hypertension and cesarean delivery, the regression coefficient of khat chewing during pregnancy on preterm birth has been decreased in size from path n, β = 0.37, p<0.001 to path n’, β = 0.15, p<0.005. The risk of occurrence of low birth weight among khat chewers was significantly higher (aRR = 4.17; 95%CI 2.11–8.25). In further analysis after adjusting for gestational hypertension, cesarean delivery, preterm birth and maternal anemia, the regression coefficient of khat chewing during pregnancy on low birth weight has been decreased in size from path q, β = 0.4, p<0.001 to path q’, β = 0.2, p<0.001.

Conclusion
Overall, the present study revealed that khat chewing is not only a worry of the current population but also a public health concern of the generation affecting unborn fetuses.
Political factors and arrangements influencing primary health care financing and resource allocation: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Dias Henrique Sant’Anna , Pereira Adelyne Maria Mendes , Nunes Elisabete de Fátima Polo de Almeida , Martins Caroline Pagani , Castilho Marcela , Mendonça Fernanda de Freitas , de Lima Luciana Dias 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Primary health care is a key element in the structuring and coordination of health systems, contributing to overall coverage and performance. PHC financing is therefore central in this context, with variations in sufficiency and regularity depending on the “political dimension” of health systems. Research that systematically examines the political factors and arrangements influencing PHC financing is justified from a global and multidisciplinary perspective. The scoping review proposed here aims to systematically map the evidence on this topic in the current literature, identifying groups, institutions, priorities and gaps in the research.

Methods and analysis
A scoping review will be conducted following the method proposed by Arksey and O’Malley to answer the following question: What is known from the literature about political factors and arrangements and their influence on and repercussions for primary health care financing and resource allocation models? The review will include peer-reviewed papers in Portuguese, English or Spanish published between 1978 and 2023. Searches will be performed of the following databases: Medline (PubMed), Embase, BVS Salud, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct. The review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used for literature screening and mapping. Screening and data charting will be conducted by a team of four reviewers.

Registration
This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) platform, available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Q9W3P
Bioabsorbable, subcutaneous naltrexone implants mitigate fentanyl‐induced respiratory depression at 3 months—A pilot study in male canines
Authors: Joyner Robert L. , Hollenbaugh Joseph A. , D'Aquila Donald , Fishman Marc , Cohen Steven M. , Holdai Veera , Benner Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine if extended‐release, bioabsorbable, subcutaneous naltrexone (NTX) implants can mitigate respiratory depression after an intravenous injection (IV) of fentanyl. Six different BIOabsorbable Polymeric Implant Naltrexone (BIOPIN) formulations, comprising combinations of Poly‐d,l‐Lactic Acid (PDLLA) and/or Polycaprolactone (PCL‐1 or PCL‐2), were used to create subcutaneous implants. Both placebo and naltrexone implants were implanted subcutaneously in male dogs. The active naltrexone implants consisted of two doses, 644 mg and 1288 mg. A challenge with IV fentanyl was performed in 33 male dogs at 97–100 days after implantation. Following the administration of a 30 μg/kg intravenous fentanyl dose, the placebo cohort manifested a swift and profound respiratory depression with a ~50% reduction in their pre‐dose respiratory rate (RR). The BIOPIN NTX‐implanted dogs were exposed to escalating doses of intravenous fentanyl (30 μg/kg, 60 μg/kg, 90 μg/kg, and 120 μg/kg). In contrast, the dogs implanted with the BIOPIN naltrexone implants tolerated doses up to 60 μg/kg without significant respiratory depression (<50%) but had severe respiratory depression with fentanyl doses of 90 μg/kg and especially at 120 μg/kg. Bioabsorbable, extended‐release BIOPIN naltrexone implants are effective in mitigating fentanyl‐induced respiratory depression in male canines at about 3 months after implantation. This technology may also have potential for mitigating fentanyl‐induced respiratory depression in humans.
A non-ideal hybridization issue for vertical TFET-based dielectric-modulated biosensor
Authors: Agha Dena N. Qasim , Yahya Zahraa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article evaluates SiGe/Si heterojunction vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (VTFET-hetero) biosensors, using SiGe in the source region to enhance sensitivity. It detects smaller analyte concentrations for biomedical applications. Non-ideal sensor behavior is explained by steric hindrance and irregular probe/receptor positions. Based on the simulation results, sensitivity is determined for four different cases in which partially filled nanogaps have decreasing, increasing, concave, and convex profiles. Simulation shows concave step profiles having the highest sensitivity. The VTFET-hetero structure exhibits higher sensitivity than horizontal biosensors, achieving a sensitivity of 8.64 × 107 for immobilized charged biomolecules.
The Early Reception of 2 Peter 3:15–16
Authors: Brown Hunter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the early reception history of 2 Peter 3:15–16. The reception historical work is carried out with a focus on two questions that remain central to the exegesis of the passage: (i) whether or not there is a critique of Paul in this text and (ii) what 2 Peter is referring to when it says that there are some things in Paul’s letters that are “hard to understand.” In the course of the article, the findings are brought to bear on scholarship operating out of the New Perspective on 2 Peter (NP2P) and a list of Pauline texts/doctrines with which patristic interpreters associated the δυσνόητος statement in 2 Peter 3:16 is assembled. The piece concludes with a reflection on the significance of this for future scholarship on these verses.
À la recherche du neutre protoroman. Réflexions à partir de l’expérience de rédaction et de révision de l’article */'ram‑u/ s.n. ‘branche ; branchage’ du DÉRom
Authors: Celac Victor , Di Venuta Emanuela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study describes the development of our thinking and of the analyses that we carried out while preparing the article */'ram‑u/ n.n. ‘branch; set of branches of a tree’ as part of the Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman (DÉRom) project. Throughout our contribution, we will focus our attention on the Romanian and Italian lexical items used to reconstruct the Proto-Romance etymon */'ram‑u/ n.n. and the other three morphologically evolved protoforms */'ram‑a/ f.n., */'ram‑ora/ n.pl.n. and */'ram‑u/ m.n. Indeed, the Romanian and Italian cognates have an increased importance in this case since their particularities allow (or even oblige) us to assign the neuter gender to the Proto-Romance etymon. It is not by chance that the same Romanian and Italian cognates posed the greatest difficulties during the elaboration of this article, given that the debates and commentaries carried out by Romanists concerning the neuter gender continue to be rather stormy without yet reaching a consensus.