bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine, and Midazolam for Oral Rehabilitation: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Bill W. S. , Peskin Robert M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Intravenous sedation is frequently provided by anesthesiologists for phobic patients undergoing elective dental treatment in outpatient settings. Propofol is one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents that can result in apnea and respiratory depression, thereby posing potential difficulties with perioperative airway management. Dexmedetomidine has been utilized successfully in intravenous sedation for a wide variety of procedures and holds potential as an alternative to propofol in outpatient dental settings. However, as a single agent, it may not provide adequate depth of sedation and analgesia for oral rehabilitation. In this case report we demonstrate an effective alternative intravenous deep-sedation technique for an adult phobic patient undergoing oral rehabilitation utilizing 3 agents in combination: dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam. This combination of agents may be especially useful for those patients with a history of substance abuse, where administration of opioids may be undesirable or contraindicated.
Recent progress in the thermodynamics of ferrotoroidic materials
Authors: Planes Antoni , Castán Teresa , Saxena Avadh 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecent theoretical and experimental progress on the study of ferrotoroidic materials is reviewed. The basic field equations are first described and then the expressions for magnetic toroidal moment and toroidization are derived. Relevant materials and experimental observation of magnetic toroidal moment and toroidal domains are summarized next. The thermodynamics of such magnetic materials is discussed in detail with examples of ferrorotoidic phase transition studied using Landau modelling. Specifically, an example of application of Landau modelling to the study of toroidocaloric effect is also provided. Recent results of polar nanostructures with electrical toroidal moment are finally reviewed.
Hybridization is associated with changes in sexual system in the bryophyte genus Atrichum
Authors: Perley Danielle S. , Jesson Linley K. 
Published: April 2015

• Premise of the study: Over 50% of bryophytes have separate sexes, and numerous transitions have occurred between combined and separate sexes. Polyploidy and hybridization is one proximate mechanism hypothesized to cause evolutionary transitions to hermaphroditism in bryophytes because sex is expressed at the haploid stage and in nonpolyploid dioecious species males have a single V chromosome and females a U. Hermaphroditism can arise if gametophytes of allopolyploids have both U and V chromosomes. We examined the association between polyploidy and hermaphroditism in the bryophyte genus Atrichum, which has species where gametophytes can be haploid, diploid, or triploid, and some species have hermaphroditic individuals.• Methods: We generated phylogenies of Atrichum from sequences of three plastid regions (rbcL, rps4, and trnL‐trnF) and the second intron for the nuclear gene Leafy/Floricaula to further understand the relationships among haploid, diploid, and triploid species, and those with combined or separate sexes.• Key results: The existence of multiple sequences of Leafy/Floricaula in diploid and triploid, but not haploid, individuals is consistent with independent allopolyploid origins of the diploid and triploid species. Allopolyploidy was associated with a likely gain in hermaphroditism in triploid Atrichum undulatum and possibly diploid A. altecristatum, but not in the allopolyploid A. crispulum (diploid at the gametophyte level).• Conclusions: These results highlight a role for hybridization and polyploidy in sexual system evolution, but the presence of diploid (allopolyploid) dioecious species suggest that other factors may influence the maintenance of sexual systems after an evolutionary transition.
Characterization of 23 polymorphic SSR markers in Salix humboldtiana (Salicaceae) using next‐generation sequencing and cross‐amplification from related species
Authors: Bozzi Jorge A. , Liepelt Sascha , Ohneiser Sebastian , Gallo Leonardo A. , Marchelli Paula , Leyer Ilona , Ziegenhagen Birgit , Mengel Christina 
Published: April 2015

Premise of the study:We present a set of 23 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci, 18 of which are identified for the first time within the riparian species Salix humboldtiana (Salicaceae) using next‐generation sequencing.Methods and ResultsTo characterize the 23 loci, up to 60 individuals were sampled and genotyped at each locus. The number of alleles ranged from two to eight, with an average of 4.43 alleles per locus. The effective number of alleles ranged from 1.15 to 3.09 per locus, and allelic richness ranged from 2.00 to 7.73 alleles per locus.ConclusionsThe new marker set will be used for future studies of genetic diversity and differentiation as well as for unraveling spatial genetic structures in S. humboldtiana populations in northern Patagonia, Argentina.
IL-33 Enhances Host Tolerance to Candida albicans Kidney Infections through Induction of IL-13 Production by CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Tran Vuvi G. , Kim Hye J. , Kim Juyang , Kang Sang W. , Moon U J. , Cho Hong R. , Kwon Byungsuk 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Susceptibility to systemic Candida albicans infection is determined by immune resistance, as well as by the ability to control Candida-induced immunopathologies. We showed previously that exogenous IL-33 can increase resistance to peritoneal C. albicans infection by regulating multiple steps of the neutrophil anti-Candida response. In this study, using a mouse model of systemic candidiasis, we observed that IL-33 administration limited fungal burden and inflammation and increased survival. In kidneys, IL-33 seemed to directly act on neutrophils and CD4+ T cells: IL-33 administration enhanced fungal clearance by increasing neutrophil phagocytic activity without which Candida proliferation was uncontrollable. In contrast, IL-33 stimulated CD4+ T cells to produce IL-13, which, in turn, drove the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 type. Furthermore, the absence of IL-13 abolished IL-33–mediated polarization of M2 macrophages and renal functional recovery. In addition, IL-33 and IL-13 acted synergistically to increase M2 macrophage polarization and its phagocytic activity. Overall, this study identifies IL-33 as a cytokine that is able to induce resistance and tolerance and suggests that targeting resistance and tolerance simultaneously with therapeutic IL-33 may benefit patients with systemic candidiasis.
Periodontal health knowledge of nonmedical professionals and their oral hygiene behavior in a teaching hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Onajole Adebayo Temitayo , Ayanbadejo Patricia Omowunmi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background: The awareness of periodontal diseases is generally poor among Nigerians. Working within the hospital environment should give an edge to nonmedical professionals, who could help to promote periodontal health awareness in countries with an inadequate number of dental health professionals. This study aimed to determine the awareness, knowledge of periodontal diseases and oral hygiene behavior of nonmedical professionals within a hospital setting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 302 nonmedical professionals in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Pretested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection on sociodemography, number of years of work experience in the hospital, work cadre, awareness and knowledge of periodontal diseases, oral self-care and dental attendance pattern. Results: The awareness of periodontal disease was relatively high (60.2%) in the nonmedical professionals. However, only 29.8% had adequate knowledge of periodontal diseases. Their knowledge was significantly associated with male gender (P = 0.042), higher education (P = 0.006) and nonYoruba ethnicity (P = 0.015). Their duration of work within the hospital premises did not significantly affect their periodontal health knowledge. Less than half (42.7%) practiced twice or more daily brushing while only 11.9% used interdental floss for interproximal plaque removal. Their dental attendance pattern was mostly (83.5%) problem-oriented rather than preventive. Conclusion: The nonmedical professionals had fairly high awareness but inadequate periodontal health knowledge and oral hygiene practices. These findings may make their role as oral health promoters a questionable one, unless, this is addressed urgently.
Tunnel preparation: A survey of practice among Palestinian dentists
Authors: Rabi Tarek H. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Conservative tooth preparation has been increasingly accepted and practiced among dentist, especially when treating small sized tooth decay. This includes tunnel preparation for simple class II caries or those carious lesions located only on the proximal surface of a posterior tooth with the adjacent noncarious tooth. This study attempted to determine the practice of tooth tunnel preparations among dentists of the Palestinian Dental Association. Methods: Three hundred dentists from the Palestinian Dental Association were randomly selected and received an online questionnaire. Informed consent was also obtained. Frequency and percentage were computed for qualitative variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS Inc. Released 2009. PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc. Results: Of the 193 dentists who answered the surveys, 154 (79.8%) participants said that they were familiar with tunnel restorations. However, only 107 (55.4%) did actual cases. Most of them have been practicing dentistry for >10 years. Glass-ionomer high viscosity cement and flowable composites were usually used as filling material for this technique. Compared with class II composite restorations, tunnel restoration has more clinical success and longevity for the 74 (69.2%) of the 107 dentists, who perform the technique. Conclusion: Half of the participants with >10 years of experience perform tunnel restorations in their practice. More than half agreed that it had better clinical result than conventional class II composite restorations.
Dental care knowledge and practices among secondary school adolescents in Ibadan North Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunrinde Tunde Joshua , Oyewole Oyediran Emmanuel , Dosumu Oluwole Olukunle 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Objective: To assess the dental care knowledge, and practice of secondary school adolescents in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology: Four hundred and twelve secondary school adolescents were assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data on dental care knowledge and practice obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with level of significance set at 5%. Result: Consumption of sticky, sugary and chocolaty food items was perceived by a majority (81.8%) as unhealthy to dental health and 66.3% perceived consumption of fruits and vegetables as healthy to the teeth. Vertical brushing technique was mentioned by 69.7% of respondents as the best method of brushing the teeth, and 89.6% stated that teeth should be brushed twice daily. Majority 57.0% of respondents open caps of soft drink bottles with their teeth and 74.3% used toothpicks to remove food trapped in between teeth. Majority (82.8%) perceived that dentist should be visited for check-up once in 6 months, however, only 31.6% of respondents had visited dentists before. There was a statistically significant relationship between tooth brushing technique and type of school attended by the respondents (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents have good oral health knowledge but poor dental health practice.
Brutus Jones's Remains:
Authors: Johnson Katie N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Jules Bledsoe, one of the great African American singers, composers, actors, and activists in twentieth-century US culture, is often missing from historical reports of his time. Yet he originated the role of Joe in Show Boat, performed in the first European tour of the operatic version of The Emperor Jones, and composed and arranged important operas, spirituals, and an “Ode to America,” dedicated to President Roosevelt. In spite of these accomplishments, Jules Bledsoe has not been given the attention he deserves as an artist of talent, determination, and indomitable spirit. This article seeks to write Bledsoe back into the historical record more broadly and into O'Neill studies in particular. In so doing, I show that the role of Brutus Jones haunted Bledsoe throughout his career, from his rise to stardom abroad as an opera singer to his untimely death at the age of forty-three. In excavating the Emperor's remains, it becomes clear that Bledsoe was a key figure in the rise of modern American theater, opera, and in the struggle for racial equality.
Githa Sowerby's Before Breakfast:
Authors: Casper Vivian 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Until now Eugene O'Neill's Before Breakfast was thought to have had two main sources: August Strindberg's very short play The Stronger and the autobiographical influence of O'Neill's experience during his brief marriage to Kathleen Jenkins. This essay argues for a third major inspiration, the 1912 one-act comedy by Githa Sowerby with the same title, written a few years before O'Neill's one-act tragedy. Both plays present misalliances: Sowerby's play is told from the viewpoint of a young, upper-class English gentleman who narrowly avoids a marital misalliance with a lower-class actress, and O'Neill's play flips the viewpoint to present that of a lower-class wife, who has made a tragically unhappy marriage with an American writer who is above her in social class. Extended monologue is used importantly in all three plays. How O'Neill may have become aware of Sowerby's play is carefully examined, and factors are explained that account for its heretofore unrecognized influence on O'Neill.
Probabilistic Analysis of Balancing Scores for Causal Inference
Authors: Wijayatunga Priyantha 
Published: April 2015

Propensity scores are often used for stratification of treatment and control groups of subjects in observational data to remove confounding bias when estimating of causal effect of the treatment on an outcome in so-called potential outcome causal modeling framework. In this article, we try to get some insights into basic behavior of the propensity scores in a probabilistic sense. We do a simple analysis of their usage confining to the case of discrete confounding covariates and outcomes. While making clear about behavior of the propensity score our analysis shows how the so-called prognostic score can be derived simultaneously. However the prognostic score is derived in a limited sense in the current literature whereas our derivation is more general and shows all possibilities of having the score. And we call it outcome score. We argue that application of both the propensity score and the outcome score is the most efficient way for reduction of dimension in the confounding covariates as opposed to current belief that the propensity score alone is the most efficient way.
Enfances d’aujourd’hui. De l’enfant citoyen à l’enfant artiste, les politiques de l’enfance
Authors: Kerlan Alain , Lemonchois Myriam 
Published: April 2015

Reconnaître l’enfant dans son identité et sa différence constitue l’un des problèmes majeurs que doivent de nos jours affronter les politiques de l’enfance. Parce que les dispositifs d’éducation artistique ont une place croissante et significative dans les politiques de l’enfance, ils constituent des lieux pertinents pour étudier les mutations de la définition de l’enfance dans nos sociétés démocratiques. Pour comprendre ce que révèlent de l’enfance les politiques qui la concernent, nous proposons d’étudier la rencontre de l’enfance et de l’art dans les milieux éducatifs sous plusieurs angles : le rapport enfant-artiste, la parole subjective de l’élève en art, ce que l’art apporte aux écoles, ou encore, la place des références artistiques dans les classes.
The effects of theCACNA1Crs1006737 A/G on affective startle modulation in healthy males
Authors: Pasparakis E. , Koiliari E. , Zouraraki C. , Tsapakis E.-M. , Roussos P. , Giakoumaki S.G. , Bitsios P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground:TheCACNA1Crs1006737 risk A allele has been associated with affective psychoses and functional studies indicate that it is associated with increased hippocampal/amygdala activity during emotional face-processing. Here we studied the impact of the risk A allele on affective startle modulation.Methods:Hundred and ninety-four healthy males stratified for theirCACNA1Crs1006737 genotype (GG:111, GA:67, AA:16) were presented with 18 pleasant, 18 unpleasant and 18 neutral pictures with acoustic probes (104 dB) occurring during 12 pictures in each affective category. Baseline startle was assessed during blank screens. State mood was self-rated on arrival, pre- and post-test and the emotional valence and arousal of affective pictures at post-test.Results:Relative to the other genotypes, risk A allele homozygotes presented with higher anxiety/negative affect at pre-test, reduced and exaggerated physiological responses to the pleasant and negative pictures respectively, negative affect with reduced arousal at post-test and rated the affective pictures as less arousing and inconsistently to their physiological responses (allP< 0.05). Sustained contextual negative mood predicted reduced baseline and affective startle reactivity in the AA group.Conclusions:Healthy homozygous males for the risk A allele appear to have marked contextual sensitivity, affective reactivity akin to anxiety and depression and inefficient emotional appraisal. Our findings provide phenotypic detail of theCACNA1CAA genotype in non-symptomatic individuals, which suggest primary effects in emotional circuitry, consistent with previously documented alterations in hippocampal/amygdala processing.
Maternal tobacco smoking in pregnancy and children’s socio-emotional development at age 5: The EDEN mother-child birth cohort study
Authors: Melchior M. , Hersi R. , van der Waerden J. , Larroque B. , Saurel-Cubizolles M.-J. , Chollet A. , Galéra C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is debate as to whether maternal tobacco use in pregnancy is related to offspring behaviour later on. We tested this association examining multiple aspects of children's behaviour at age 5 and accounting for parental smoking outside of pregnancy, as well as child and family characteristics.MethodsData come from a prospective community based birth cohort study (EDEN; n = 1113 families in France followed since pregnancy in 2003–2005 until the child's 5th birthday). Maternal tobacco use in pregnancy was self-reported. Children's socio-emotional development (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour) was assessed by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 5 years. Logistic regression analyses controlled for Inverse Probability Weights (IPW) of maternal tobacco use calculated based on study center, children's characteristics (sex, premature birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding), maternal characteristics (age at the child's birth, psychological difficulties and alcohol use in pregnancy, post-pregnancy depression, and smoking), paternal smoking in and post-pregnancy, parental educational attainment, family income, parental separation, and maternal negative life events.ResultsMaternal smoking in pregnancy only predicted children's high symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention (sex and study center-adjusted ORs: maternal smoking in the 1st trimester: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.13–3.38; maternal smoking throughout pregnancy: OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.36–3.27). In IPW-controlled regression models, only children of mothers who smoked throughout pregnancy had significantly elevated levels of hyperactivity/inattention (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.21–4.00).ConclusionsMaternal tobacco smoking in pregnancy may contribute directly or through epigenetic mechanisms to children's symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention.
Endometrial ILKAP expression among patients with endometriosis and its association with clinical characteristics
Authors: Shao Guangying , Zheng Qiaomei , Xu Xiaoxuan , Zhao Jing , Liu Peishu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate expression of ILKAP among women with endometriosis and its association with clinical characteristics.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a center in China in 2012, using samples of ectopic (n = 55) and eutopic (n = 33) endometrium from women with endometriosis, and control endometrium samples (n = 33) from women without endometriosis. Information on clinical characteristics was obtained from records. The expression of ILKAP was tested by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe expression of ILKAP was higher in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle than in the proliferative phase, and it was lower in eutopic and ectopic endometriosis tissue than in control endometrium (P < 0.001 for both). A lower expression of ILKAP in ectopic endometrium was associated with moderate‐to‐severe dysmenorrhea, infertility for more than 1 year, a cancer antigen 125 level of more than 35 U/mL, a disease duration of at least 1 year, and American Fertility Society grade IV disease (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionA low level of ILKAP could facilitate the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Additionally, the level of ILKAP expression in ectopic endometrium might reflect the severity of endometriosis.
The obesity epidemic in children
Authors: Liu Gilbert C. , Hannon Tamara , Qi Rong , Downs Stephen M. , Marrero David G. 
Published: April 2015

Background and objectives:
National surveillance clearly illustrates that U.S. chil-dren are becoming increasingly overweight. However, the timing of the onset of childhood overweight has not been well-described.

Patients and methods:
An accelerated failure time (AFT) model was used to describe the emergence of overweight based on a 12-year collection of height and weight data of over 40,000 children. Race, sex, insurance status and their interactions were specifically examined as predictors of earlier onset of overweight. The outcome of interest was an estimate of the age at which the model predicted that a subgroup would attain a 20% prevalence of over-weight.

Results:
The three-way interaction of race, sex, and insurance status was a significant predic-tor of onset of overweight. The model estimated that the publicly insured Latino male sub-group had the earliest onset of overweight, attaining a prevalence of 20% overweight by 4.3 years of age. The emergence of overweight in Latino subjects was significantly earlier than that for black or white subjects, irrespective of sex or insurance status.

Conclusion:
Regardless of sex or insurance status, overweight emerges at significantly younger ages in Latino children when compared to black and white children. Substantial numbers of Latino male children are predicted to develop overweight at preschool ages. Obesity prevention may need to be directed toward parents or children well before children enter grade-school.