bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Contaminated Reservoir Bottom Sediments Affect Water Quality? An Assessment Using SWIM Model
Authors: Elçi Şebnem , Şimşek Sinem Elif 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: In this study, an approach for the assessment of long term effects of contaminated sediments on the surface water quality of a future reservoir is presented. A one‐dimensional sediment‐water interaction model designed to simulate contaminants associated with the sediments, and the transfer of these contaminants to the overlying water column, was developed. The effect of contaminated bottom sediments on water quality was investigated under different stratification conditions. The numerical model was applied to an existing reservoir (Tahtalı Reservoir) for validation and projected contaminant concentrations based on the soil and water samples collected before inundation of the land. Results were compared with the concentrations obtained from water samples collected during its operation. Next, transfer to a planned reservoir (Çamlı Basin, Izmir) of four heavy metals—copper, zinc, chromium, and lead—existing in bottom sediments of the planned reservoir is modeled. A ten year projection of heavy metal concentrations for the Çamlı Reservoir showed concentrations to be higher than those acceptable by the World Health Organization (WHO). Construction of a treatment facility is recommended if the reservoir is to be utilized for providing domestic water.
Remobilization of Phosphorus from Sediments of Taihu Lake during Periods of Simulated Resuspension
Authors: Wang Peng. , Shen Xia. , Wang Shengyan. , Hao Shaopan. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: A particle entrainment simulator was used to experimentally produce representative lake resuspension conditions and to investigate the resulting transport of phosphorus to the overlying water column. Five sediment samples were collected from Taihu Lake in China, which has experienced significant eutrophication in recent years. From these experiments, suspended particulate matter concentrations at a steady‐state were calculated quantitatively as a function of shear stress. Soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations demonstrated significant differences depending on applied shears and contaminant loadings. Resuspension resulted in up to orders of magnitude higher particle‐bound algal available phosphorus (AAP) concentrations in the water column. On mass–weight basis, AAP concentrations decreased with shear stress. The same trend was observed for partition coefficients (Kd). However, AAP concentrations normalized for volume increased about 19 times. This was likely a result of entrainment of larger size, lower contaminated particles at higher shears, and the redistribution of phosphorus to water column.
Environmental Impact of Straw Based Fuel Combustion
Authors: Czop Monika , Kajda-Szcześniak Małgorzata 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Biomass is commonly considered as a renewable fuel, which taking into account emission of CO2 does not contribute to the emission of the greenhouse gases. In the research, combustion tests of two types of fuel formed on the basis of straw with addition of polyethylene were performed in the laboratory. The article presents results of measurements of gas pollution coming from the combustion of the formed fuel. Obtained results were compared with similar literature data for the combustion of coal. The research covers also testing of chemical content, content of heavy metals and selected physical properties of ashes generated during the process of burning fuel based on straw.
Variations in Particle Concentrations and Indoor Air Parameters in Classrooms in the Heating and Summer Seasons
Authors: Połednik Bernard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of the indoor and outdoor particle mass (PM) and particle number (PN) concentrations as well as the air temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentrations have been conducted in 6 occupied (L) and unoccupied (V) classrooms in 3 secondary schools in Lublin, Poland, in the heating (H) and summer (S) seasons. The schools were located in residential areas where the majority of private houses are heated by means of coal-burning stoves. The ratios of the average particle concentrations in occupied and unoccupied classrooms (L/V) were higher during the heating season measurements. The ratios of the average particle concentrations during the measurements in the heating and summer seasons (H/S) were higher in occupied classrooms. In both seasons the average PM and PN concentrations amounted to 239 μg/m3 and 7.4×103/cm3 in the occupied classrooms, and to 76 μg/m3 and 5.4×103/cm3 in the unoccupied classrooms, respectively. The particle exposures experienced by students were higher in the monitored classrooms than outdoors and were on average about 50% higher in the heating than in the summer season. A positive correlation between mass concentrations of coarse particles and indoor air temperature, RH and CO2 concentrations in both seasons was observed. The concentrations of fine particles were negatively correlated with the indoor air parameters in the heating season, and positively correlated in the summer season.
Dimensioning of Digestion Chamber for Upgrading of Gas Recovery at Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Rybicki Stanisław M. , Cimochowicz-Rybicka Małgorzata 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The paper describes practical results of four-year laboratory studies completed to estimate technically feasible conditions of upgrading an existing sludge disposal system. A minimization of sludge mass and volume together with an energy recovery improvement were main goals of these activities. The way from lab studies and simulations to full scale investments has been shown with a special emphasis on application of respirometric procedure being applied by authors. Proposed was authors’ procedure for an estimation of a digestion time prediction for sludge of specific composition. Investigations completed at existing wastewater treatment plant resulted in practical implementation to be used during the design of upgrading and extension of the digestion and energy recovery system at the plant. It was proved that proposed changes provide close to optimum conditions for process performance and the application of proposed calculation procedures was adopted by design team
Genetic Diversity in Ficus Sycomorus L. Species (Moraceae) Using Rapd and Irap Markers
Authors: Saleh Basel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This study was conducted in order to assess accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of the RAPD and IRAP techniques for determining the genetic variability in 10 Ficus sycomorus L. genotypes grown in the coastal regions of Syria. Thirty-six RAPD primers applied gave 352 discernible loci, of which 252 (71.59%) were polymorphic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with 36 RAPD primers gave an average of 9.778 selected markers/primers, with a maximum of 21 (OPA18) and a minimum of five (OPG11, OPK12 and OPT18). The amplification with 22 IRAP primers (single or combination) generated 178 bands, of which 151 (84.83%) were polymorphic, with an average of 11.125 selected markers/ primer, with a maximum of 17 (IRAP-TDK11F) and a minimum of seven (BREP1F+BREP1R, IRAP-TDK1F+IRAP- TDK1R and IRAP-TDK2F+IRAP-TDK2R). In the present investigation, the IRAP marker was more efficient than the RAPD assay, where the latter exhibited a lower marker index (MI) average (1.629) compared with the IRAP technique (2.941). Otherwise, F. sycomor4 genotype showed the highest dissimilarity compared with other genotypes studied in this investigation. Based upon the estimated percent disagreement values (PDV), we can suggest that there are three subspecies present among the 10 samples tested.
Effect of Age and Temperament Type on Reproductive Parameters of Female Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides Gray) / Wpływ Wieku I Temperamentu Na Parametry Rozrodcze Samic Jenota (Nyctereutes Procyonoides Gray)
Authors: Łapiński Stanisław , Bzymek Joanna , Niedbała Piotr , Migdał Łukasz , Zoń Andrzej , Lis Marcin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between age and temperament as well as reproductive results in female raccoon dogs. The study was carried out at two raccoon dog breeding farms located in south-eastern Poland. A total of 189 foundation stock females were evaluated for temperament using a modified behavioural empathy test. Animals were classified into five temperament groups: very fearful (VF), fearful (F), confident (C), aggressive (A) and very aggressive (VA). The animals with calm temperament (C) formed the largest group (49.9%) whereas the smallest number of animals was classified as VA (5.6%). The influence of age on the temperament of raccoon dog females and the number of young born and weaned (P≤0.01) was revealed. At the same time, temperament did not affect reproductive parameters (P>0.05). Summing up, the results of this study indicate lack of correlation between temperament and reproductive parameters. It can be assumed that the elimination of aggressive animals from the foundation stock will not compromise production results and can help to facilitate handling and improve animal welfare.
Forecasting Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle in Selected Barn Zones with the Help of Thi and Thiadj Indexes / Prognozowanie Stresu Cieplnego U Bydła Mlecznego W Wybranych Strefach Obory Za Pomocą Wskaźników Thi I Thiadj
Authors: Herbut Piotr , Angrecka Sabina 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The paper presents the influence of temperature, relative air humidity, air movement velocity and solar radiation on forecasting the risk of heat stress in dairy cows in a free-stall barn during hot weather seasons. THI and adjusted THI indexes were calculated for the periods in which the air temperature exceeded 28°C in the barn, and when it reached 25°C. Based on the THI values obtained during the heat, which ranged from 63 to 83, the occurrence of heat stress in cattle was stated. Heat stress also caused a decrease in milk yield, from about 22 kg to about 18 kg in the technological group. The calculated THIadj values (83 to 90), taking into account the solar radiation and air movement velocity, indicated also the occurrence of health-threatening conditions for cattle. On the fourth day of heat the maximum daily value of THI in the first measurement point was 83 with THIadj of 90, while in the second point THI was 82 and THIadj was 87. This indicated the occurrence of significant differences in microclimatic conditions in the occupied zone of the same technological group. The influence of investigated microclimate factors on the formation of THIadj in the researched zone of the barn was stated. No proper method of its determination was also stated. The analysis of the impact of air movement velocity on THIadj value (P<0.05) and the solar radiation (P<0.05) demonstrated the importance of these parameters in forecasting heat stress in cows in the barn.
Relationship of Udder and Teat Morphology to Milking Characteristics and Udder Health Determined by Ultrasonographic Examinations in Dairy Cows / Związek Między Morfologią Wymienia I Strzyków A Cechami Doju I Zdrowotnością Wymienia W Badaniach Usg Krów Mlecznych
Authors: Szencziová Iveta , Strapák Peter , Stádník Ludĕk , Ducháček Jaromír , Beran Jan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The aim of this study is to call attention to the possibility of using ultrasonography as a useful tool for the evaluation of morphological characteristics of the udder and teats in dairy cows in relation to milking characteristics and udder health. A total of 26 dairy cows of the Holstein breed in the first (n = 13) and second lactation (n = 13) were investigated with a linear array ultrasound probe. Recovery of the teat internal parameters after milking was determined by ultrasonographic scanning. Teat canal length, teat canal diameter and teat wall thickness of 103 teats were evaluated from 622 measurements before and directly after milking and every 15 minutes until 1 hour after milking (6 measurements). The most significant differences in internal proportions were determined within those values measured before and immediately after milking. The dynamics of changes in the length of the teat canal demonstrated the extension by 27%. A sudden restoration of the initial length by 11% was detected one hour after milking. Differences in teat canal diameter were significant at P<0.01 between the 1st and 4th measurement. The initial extension was 17% immediately after milking and the restoration about 9% one hour after milking. The wall thickness was strengthened during the 2nd measurement immediately after milking in comparison with the 1st measurement before milking (P<0.01). Significant differences in the wall thickness were detected between the 1st and 2nd measurement (+26%; P<0.01) and between the 2nd and 3rd measurement. The ultrasonographic scanning of the teat parameters was a useful tool to study teat changes caused by milking.
Synthesis and evaluation of possible mechanism of anti nociceptive potential of novel 2-quinolone fused 3,5-pyrazolidinedione derivatives in experimental animal models
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Singh Anita 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the present synthesis a series of 1-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones were prepared. By the reaction of N-methylbenzenamine with diethyl malonoate 4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one were prepared, which on treatment with posphoryl chloride converted into 4-chloro-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one. Subsequently with substituted phenyl hydrazines 1-methyl-4-(2- substitutedphenylhydrazinyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one were obtained, which on reaction with diethyl malonate gave 1- (1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones. All structures were characterized by IR, 1HNMR & mass spectrometry. Further all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-nociceptive activity in mice by Eddy’s hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing response. All compounds have shown the activity. In hot plate model compounds QAA-04c and QAA-04d have given more activity than standard, whereas in case of acetic acid induced writhing model compounds QAA-04a and QAA- 04d have given significant analgesic activity which is comparable with the standard drug. Compound QAA-04b has shown least analgesic activity. Compound QAA-04a was almost equal in activity to the standard drug diclofenac sodium and was considered as the lead molecule.
Influence of soil type on the wilting of plants
Authors: Czyż E.A. , Dexter A.R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
It has been shown that the water remaining in soil when plants wilt due to soil limitations and the residual water content as observed when soils are de-watered in pressure cell apparatus are essentially the same. Both are produced by immiscible displacement of water by air, and this leads to the water remaining in soil not being in thermodynamic equilibrium. Water removal by immiscible displacement ceases when hydraulic cut-off is reached. The point of hydraulic cut-off may be calculated by fitting waterretention data to equations for both the non-equilibrium case and the equilibrium case, and then solving these simultaneously. This has been done forwater retention data for 52 soil horizons in Poland. These results are used to obtain a pedotransfer function for the permanent wilting point due to soil limitations and the results are presented for the different soil texture classes. The pore water suction when wilting occurs is estimated to be 1.0 MPa. The methods and findings in this paper are used to explain a range of published results on plant wilting.
Some physical properties of ginkgo nuts and kernels
Authors: Ch'ng P.E. , Abdullah M.H.R.O. , Mathai E.J. , Yunus N.A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Some data of the physical properties of ginkgo nuts at a moisture content of 45.53% (±2.07) (wet basis) and of their kernels at 60.13% (± 2.00) (wet basis) are presented in this paper. It consists of the estimation of the mean length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, unit mass, surface area, volume, true density, bulk density, and porosity measures. The coefficient of static friction for nuts and kernels was determined by using plywood, glass, rubber, and galvanized steel sheet. The data are essential in the field of food engineering especially dealing with design and development of machines, and equipment for processing and handling agriculture products.
Common Variants in BCL9 Gene and Schizophrenia in a Japanese Population: Association Study, Meta-Analysis and Cognitive Function Analysis / UOBIČAJENE VARIJANTE BCL9 GENA I ŠIZOFRENIJA U JAPANSKOJ POPULACIJI: ŠTUDIJA POVEZANOSTI, METAANALIZA I ANALIZA KOGNITIVNIH FUNKCIJA
Authors: Shiino Tomoko , Koide Takayoshi , Kushima Itaru , Ikeda Masashi , Kunimoto Shohko , Nakamura Yukako , Yoshimi Akira , Aleksic Branko , Banno Masahiro , Kikuchi Tsutomu , Kohmura Kunihiro , Adachi Yasunori , Kawano Naoko , Okada Takashi , Inada Toshiya , Ujike Hiroshi , Iidaka Tetsuya , Suzuki Michio , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Background:Schizophrenia is a relatively common disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of about 1%. Family history is the most important risk factor for schizophrenia, consistent with a genetic contribution to its etiology. Recent human genetic studies reported that some common variants located within BCL9 are associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population, but not associated with bipolar disorder in the Caucasian population.
Methods: Single nucleotide variant (SNP) prioritization sample was comprised of 575 patients with schizophrenia and 564 healthy controls with no personal or family history of psychiatric illness. For SNP association analysis, we used an independent Japanese sample set (replication sample) comprising 1464 cases and 1171 controls. For the analysis of cognitive performance, we investigated 115 cases and 87 controls using Continuous Performance Test (CPT-IP) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Keio version (WCST). Meta-selectanalysis was performed using a combined Japanese total sample (N=3735) and a Chinese sample from a previous study.
Results: In the replication sample set, we did not detect any association in 2 SNPs (rs672607 and rs10494252) and schizophrenia. Meta-analysis of rs672607 showed significant association (p-value 0.012, odds ratio 0.855). There was a significant (p<0.01) difference between the A/A and G carrier group of rs672607 in CPT mean d’ (p=0.0092).
Conclusions: We were able to detect evidence for an association between rs672607 in BCL9 and schizophrenia in the meta-analysis of Japanese and Chinese populations. Additionally, this common variant may affect cognitive performance, as measured by the CPT-IP in schizophrenia patients.
No-Modified Saquinavir is Equally Efficient Against Doxorubicin Sensitive and Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells / MODIFIKOVANA KOVANA FORMA SAKVINAVIRA EFIKASNO SU PRIMI RA RAST ĆELIJA NESITNOĆELIJSKOG KARCINOMA PLUĆA RAZLIČITE OSETUIVOSTI NA DOKSORUBICIN
Authors: Mijatović Sanja , Pešić Milica , Mojić Marija , Banković Jasna , Miljković Đorde , Fagone Paolo , Mangano Katia , Nicoletti Ferdinando , McCubrey James , Tanić Nikola , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Background: The NO-modified form of the HIV inhibitor saquinavir (Saq-NO) inhibited the growth of a variety of can- cer cell lines in vitro and in vivo more potently than the orig- inal compound in a nontoxic fashion. In addition, chemo- and immunosensitizing properties were observed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate its anticancer action against non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in their doxoru- bicin (DOXO) sensitive and resistant phenotype (NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R).
Methods: The viability of cells was analyzed by MTT and crystal violet assays. DR5 expression was estimated by real time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps was evaluated by the Rho123 accumulation assay.
Results: Saq-NO diminished the viability of lung cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest in the Gq/G1 phase in- dependently of the overexpression of the P-gp pumps. In addition, Saq-NO elevated or completely reconstituted the doxorubicin efficacy in NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R, respec- tively. The chemosensitizing effect in DOXO resistant cells was a consequence of P-gp inhibition which was found to be more potent than that observed with dex-verapamil, a con- ventional inhibitor of P-gp. Sensitization to DOXO upon Saq- NO was accompanied by elevated DR5 expression, but the resistance to TRAIL was not abrogated.
Conclusions: The NO-modified HIV inhibitor saquinavir dis- played equal antiproliferative and chemosensitizing proper- ties in DOXO sensitive and resistant non-small cell lung car- cinoma cells, suggesting the importance of the evaluation of this drug as an antineoplastic agent.
Amplification of Cycline D1, C-MYC And EGFR Oncogenes in Tumour Samples of Breast Cancer Patients / AMPLIFIKACIJA CIKLIN D1, C-MYC AND EGFR ONKOGENA U TUMORSKIM UZORCIMA PACIJENTKINJA OBOLELIH OD KANCERA DOJKE
Authors: Tanić Nasta , Milinković Vedrana , Dramićanin Tatjana , Nedeljković Milica , Stanković Tijana , Milovanović Zorka , Šušnjar Šnežana , Milošević Verica , Šošić-Jurjević Branka , Džodić Radan , Tanić Nikola 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. It arises from multiple genetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Among so far studied oncogenes relatively few, including epdermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclinD1 (CCND1)and cmyc, have been found to play an important role in progression of this type of human malignancy. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic potential of CCND1, c-myc and EGFR amplification and their possible cooperation in breast carcinogenesis.
Methods: Copy number analyses of CCND1 and c-myc genes were done by TaqMan based quantitative real time PCR. Am pli fication status of EGFR was determined by differential PCR.
Results: Amplification of CCND1, c-myc and EGFR onco- gene has been found in 20.4%, 26.5% and 26.5% of breast cancer cases, respectively. Analysis showed that amplification of CCND1 oncogene was significantly associated with the stage II of disease while amplification of EGFR gene was sig- nificantly associated with overexpression of HER-2/neu. Tu- mour stage and expression of HER-2/neu appeared to be significant predictors of patient's outcome. Stage I patients lived significantly longer then stage III patients (p=0.04) while patients with FiER-2/neu overexpression had worse prognoses and lived significantly shorter (p=0.001). Finally, survival of patients who underwent hormone therapy only was significantly longer (p=0.001) then survival of the rest of patients.
Conclusions: Amplification of CCND1 or EGFR oncogene is associated with the progression of breast cancer and bad prognosis. No co-ordination in amplification of CCND1, c- myc and EGFR oncogenes were established in this cohort of breast cancer patients.
Cheating is the Name of the Game - Conventional Cheating Arguments Fail to Articulate Moral Responses to Doping
Authors: Atry Ashkan , Hansson Mats G. , Kihlbom Ulrik 
Published: October 2013

Abstract One of the most common arguments in the discussion on doping is that it represents a form of cheating. In this paper it is argued that common doping-is-cheating arguments based on notions of rule-violation and unfair advantage are inadequate, since they treat cheating as distinct from the structure and the logic of competitive sport. An alternative approach to cheating in sport as regards performance enhancement will be offered based on the ethics of participation in interpersonal relationships. This participatory perspective points towards the need to broaden our conception of agency and moral responsibility in relation to doping, beyond the notion of the individual “drug-cheat” who acts in a vacuum.