bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Use Following an Alcohol Challenge and a Brief Intervention among Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals
Authors: Bacio Guadalupe A. , Lunny Katy F. , Webb Jessica N. , Ray Lara A. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesThe study examined the effects of an alcohol challenge on naturalistic drinking among alcohol‐dependent individuals and explored brief motivational interviewing (MI) as a potential intervention for these participants.MethodAlcohol‐dependent individuals (n = 32, eight females) completed the intake assessment, alcohol challenge, one MI session, and 1‐month follow‐up (87.5% retention) where they completed measures of drinking and motivation for change.ResultsAs expected, multilevel mixed models revealed that drinking did not increase post‐alcohol challenge. Participants reported a reduction in ambivalence, drinking days, and a trend towards fewer total drinks between the MI and 1‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsConsistent with other studies, the alcohol challenge did not worsen alcohol use. Results support further investigation of brief MI for alcohol‐dependent participants in alcohol challenges.Scientific SignificanceAlcohol administration to alcohol‐dependent participants appears to not exacerbate naturalistic drinking. MI may be a feasible intervention for non‐treatment seeking alcohol‐dependent participants in alcohol challenge studies. (Am J Addict 2014;23:96–101)
Assessing the stigma toward chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus: development and validation of a Chinese college students' stigma scale
Authors: Shi Jingcheng , Chyun Deborah A. , Sun Zhenqiu , Zhou Liang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAccording to rigorous guidelines of instrument development, a 17‐item chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus‐related stigma scale (HBV‐SS) in college students, including 4 domains (labeling, stereotype, separating, discrimination), was developed with data from 717 college students in China. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of HBV‐SS was .85. Four common factors were extracted in accordance with the conceptual model. Students with HBsAg positive/ever‐positive (vs. negative), with HBsAg ever‐positive (vs. never positive/did not know), and students who had any family member, friend, or acquaintance as a chronic carrier of HBV (vs. had not/did not know) had significantly lower scores. Research has shown that the scale is reliable, valid, and sensitive and is recommended for application of HBV‐SS to assist public health practice.
Implementation of genetic evaluation and mating designs for the endangered local pig breed ‘Bunte Bentheimer’
Authors: Biermann A.D.M. , Pimentel E.C.G. , Tietze M. , Pinent T. , König S. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryA pedigree including 1538 individuals of the endangered pig breed ‘Bunte Bentheimer’ and 3008 records of the fertility traits ‘number of piglets born alive’ (NBA) and ‘number of piglets weaned’ (NW) were used to i) characterize the population structure, ii) to estimate genetic (co)variance components and estimated breeding values (EBVs) and iii) to use EBVs for the application of the concept of optimal genetic contributions. The average coefficient of inbreeding increased from F = 0.103 to F = 0.121 within the two recent cohorts. Average rate of inbreeding amounted to 1.66%, which resulted in an effective population size of Ne = 30 animals in the recent cohort. Average generation interval was 3.07 years considering the whole pedigree, and in total, only 612 sows and boars generated offspring. Estimated heritabilities for both traits NBA and NW were 0.12, and the estimated genetic correlation between both traits was 0.96. The variance component due to the service sire was higher than in commercial pig breeds, presumably due to the widespread use of natural service boars. The EBVs for NBA from 333 selection candidates (63 boars and 270 sows) were used to determine optimal genetic contributions. Based on selected animals and their optimal genetic contributions, specific mating designs were evaluated to minimize inbreeding in the next generation. Best results were achieved when using a simulated annealing algorithm and allowing artificial insemination.
Evidence for interplay between genes and parenting on infant temperament in the first year of life: monoamine oxidase A polymorphism moderates effects of maternal sensitivity on infant anger proneness
Authors: Pickles Andrew , Hill Jonathan , Breen Gerome , Quinn John , Abbott Kate , Jones Helen , Sharp Helen 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe low expression polymorphism of the MAOA gene in interaction with adverse environments (G × E) is associated with antisocial behaviour disorders. These have their origins in early life, but it is not known whether MAOA G × E occurs in infants. We therefore examined whether MAOA G × E predicts infant anger proneness, a temperamental dimension associated with later antisocial behaviour disorders. In contrast to previous studies, we examined MAOA G × E prospectively using an observational measure of a key aspect of the infant environment, maternal sensitivity, at a specified developmental time point.MethodsIn a stratified epidemiological cohort recruited during pregnancy, we ascertained MAOA status (low vs. high expression alleles) from the saliva of 193 infants, and examined specific predictions to maternal report of infant temperament at 14 months from maternal sensitivity assessed at 29 weeks of age.ResultsAnalyses, weighted to provide general population estimates, indicated a robust interaction between MAOA status and maternal sensitivity in the prediction of infant anger proneness (p = .003) which became stronger once possible confounders for maternal sensitivity were included in the model (p = .0001). The interaction terms were similar in males (p = .010) and females (p = .016), but the effects were different as a consequence of an additional sex of infant by maternal sensitivity interaction.ConclusionsThis prospective study provides the first evidence of moderation by the MAOA gene of effects of parenting on infant anger proneness, an important early risk for the development of disruptive and aggressive behaviour disorders.
A text message based weight management intervention for overweight adults
Authors: Donaldson E. L. , Fallows S. , Morris M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundWeight management interventions can be extended using mobile telephone technology to deliver support in real‐time, real‐world settings. The present study aimed to determine whether text messaging helped patients maintain or lose weight following a weight‐loss programme.MethodsIn this controlled study, overweight and obese [body mass index (BMI) >30 kg m–2 or >28 kg m–2 with co‐morbidities] adults who completed a weight‐loss programme participated in an additional 12‐week text message intervention [Lifestyle, Eating and Activity Programme (LEAP) Beep]. Patients were allocated goals for steps, fruit, vegetable and breakfast consumption. Patients regularly ‘texted’ their progress and received tailored practitioner feedback. Pre/post‐intervention body weight, waist circumference (WC), BMI, quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depression measurements were compared retrospectively with a control group offered weight checks only.ResultsCompared to control (n = 17), the intervention group's (n = 17) body weight, WC and BMI reduced significantly (−1.6 versus 0.7 kg, P = 0.006; −2.2 versus 1.5 cm, P = 0.0005; −0.6 versus 0.7 kg m–2, P = 0.03, respectively). QOL and depression scores also improved (−6.8 versus 1 point, P = 0.134; −0.2 versus 0.2 points, P = 0.228). No difference was observed in anxiety scores between the groups. Intervention versus control group follow‐up attendance improved significantly (4.4 versus 1.7 attendances, P = 0.0005).ConclusionsLEAP Beep promoted losses in weight, WC and BMI, and improved QOL parameters and follow‐up attendance. Text messaging is a cheap, portable, convenient and innovative medium facilitating goal setting, self‐monitoring and information exchange. Further improvements to automation at the same time as maintaining individual support are necessary to ease practitioner burden. Text messaging offers cost‐efficient dietetic input, opening up possibilities for practitioner‐to‐patient support and yields positive weight outcomes following initial weight loss.
Perception of one's own and others' ability by preschool Japanese children
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Yuzawa Masamichi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study examined the perception of one's own and others' ability in preschool Japanese boys and girls. In Study 1, 70 Japanese boys and girls aged 4–6 years rated their own and their close friend's ability on their favorite outdoor and indoor activities. In Study 2, 65 Japanese children aged 5 and 6 years rated their own and their close friend's ability and guessed that of a nonfriend (a mere acquaintance child in the preschool) on their most and least favorite outdoor and indoor activities. The major findings were as follows: (a) the perception of preschool children's own ability correlates with that of their close friend's ability; (b) ability perception was influenced by preference for the activity and by gender; and (c) no difference was found between ratings for a close friend and a nonfriend according to activities preferences, which differed from the ability perception by preadolescent children.
‘The countrey is too colde, the people beastly be’: Elizabethan Representations of Russia
Authors: Stout Felicity 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEngland's ‘discovery’ of Russia in 1553 opened up a vast, new empire where the English could vent their wool exports, explore swifter routes to the luxuries of the East and forge their reputation as a seafaring and adventuring commonwealth. The English encounter with this ‘barbaric’ and unknown land on the peripheries of Europe resulted in a wide range of literary representations of Russia, found in diplomatic and mercantile documents, travel narratives, plays and poetry. This article surveys Elizabethan representations of Russia by presenting the historical context for Elizabethan Anglo‐Russian relations and providing a review of recent scholarship on the subject. In the scholarship of early modern exploration, travel and trade, the English ‘discovery’ of Russia has often been sidelined by more ‘exotic’ Western European encounters with the new worlds of the Americas and the East, despite its important role in English adventuring activities.
Black Atlantic Literature as Transnational Cultural Space
Authors: Graham Shane 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis essay makes the case for “Black Atlantic literature” as a transnational category of literary analysis, taking as examples the Jamaican‐born writer Claude McKay, who lived his adult life in Europe, North Africa, and the United States; and South African author Peter Abrahams, who ultimately settled in Jamaica. The notion of the Black Atlantic is borrowed from sociologist Paul Gilroy, but this paper argues that the concept needs to be carefully broadened in scope, enriched in its recognition of the many layers of transnational cultural exchange, and reconciled with national models of cultural formation. But it is useful for shedding light on the work of writers such as McKay and Abrahams, who, when literary cultures in their own countries were virtually non‐existent or mostly closed to Black writers, turned to an emerging international community of Black artists and intellectuals. Such authors wrote in conversation with a distinctive Black Atlantic literary tradition that fulfilled many of the cultural, social, and psychological needs met in other contexts by national cultures.
A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF A MULTIFIRM MORAL‐HAZARD ECONOMY WITH FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Sung Jaeyoung , Wan Xuhu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present a general equilibrium model of a moral‐hazard economy with many firms and financial markets, where stocks and bonds are traded. Contrary to the principal‐agent literature, we argue that optimal contracting in an infinite economy is not about a tradeoff between risk sharing and incentives, but it is all about incentives. Even when the economy is finite, optimal contracts do not depend on principals’ risk aversion, but on market prices of risks. We also show that optimal contracting does not require relative performance evaluation, that the second best risk‐free interest rate is lower than that of the first best, and that the second‐best equity premium can be higher or lower than that of the first best. Moral hazard can contribute to the resolution of the risk‐free rate puzzle. Its potential to explain the equity premium puzzle is examined.
The Microvascular Response to Transdermal Iontophoresis of Insulin is Mediated by Nitric Oxide
Authors: Iredahl Fredrik , Tesselaar Erik , Sarker Saikat , Farnebo Simon , Sjöberg Folke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveInsulin has direct effects on blood flow in various tissues, most likely due to endothelial NO production. We investigated whether insulin delivered to the skin by iontophoresis increases microvascular perfusion and whether this effect is partly or completely mediated by the release of NO.MethodsIn healthy subjects, regular insulin and monomeric insulin were delivered to the skin by cathodal iontophoresis. The skin was pretreated either with L‐NAME or control solution (PBS) using anodal iontophoresis. Microvascular responses were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry.ResultsA dose‐dependent increase in perfusion was observed during iontophoresis of regular and monomeric insulin. The maximum perfusion was significantly elevated compared with control after PBS (regular insulin 53.6 (12.7–95.6) PU vs. 4.2 (3.4–4.8) PU, p = 0.002; monomeric insulin 32.6 (8.9–92.6) PU vs. 5.9 (3.4–56.0) PU, p = 0.03). The microvascular response to insulin was abolished after L‐NAME (regular insulin: 25.6 (11.6–54.4) PU vs. control: 4.7 (2.9–11.5) PU, p = 0.15; monomeric insulin 10.9 (5.4–56.8) PU vs. control: 4.7 (2.9–11.5) PU, p = 0.22).ConclusionsThe main finding is that iontophoresis of insulin induces a dose‐dependent vasodilation in the skin, which could be suppressed after pretreatment with a NO synthase inhibitor. This suggests that vasodilation in the skin after iontophoresis of insulin is mediated by the NO pathway.
Altered diurnal variation and localization of clock proteins in the remnant kidney of 5/6 nephrectomy rats
Authors: Huang Xiao‐mei , Chen Wen‐li , Yuan Jing‐ping , Yang Yue‐hong , Mei Qi‐hui , Huang Li‐xia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the localization and diurnal variation of clock proteins (BMAL1, PER2) and clock output protein (DBP) in the remnant kidney of 5/6 nephrectomy rats (STNx).MethodsMale wistar rats were randomly divided into sham STNx group (Control) and STNx group. Rats were synchronized 12 weeks to the light: dark cycle 12:12 with light on from 07.00 hours (Zeitgeber time ZT 0). Kidneys were collected to detect the localization and expression rhythm of clock proteins (BMAL1, PER2 and DBP) every 4 h throughout the day by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.ResultsClock proteins showed diurnal rhythm in the kidney of the control. But diurnal rhythm of clock proteins changed in the STNx rats. Acrophase of BMAL1, DBP and PER2 advanced 4 h, respectively; mesor of clock proteins increased in the STNx rats. BMAL1 was located in endothelial cells of glomerulus and tubular interstitial vasculars, and it was also expressed in nucleus of tubular cells in cortex and medulla. PER2 was mainly expressed in proximal tubular cells at the juncture of cortex and medulla. DBP was widely expressed in the kidney. The localization of BMAL1 and PER2 were changed in remnant kidneys of the STNx group.ConclusionThe localization and diurnal variation of BMAL1, DBP and PER2 are changed in remnant kidney of 5/6 nephrectomy rats and are involved in diurnal rhythm of renal function.
Disturbed protein–protein interaction networks in metastatic melanoma are associated with worse prognosis and increased functional mutation burden
Authors: Schramm Sarah‐Jane , Li Simone S. , Jayaswal Vivek , Fung David C. Y. , Campain Anna E. , Pang Chi N. I. , Scolyer Richard A. , Yang Yee Hwa , Mann Graham J. , Wilkins Marc R. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryFor disseminated melanoma, new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are urgently needed. The organization of protein–protein interaction networks was assessed via the transcriptomes of four independent studies of metastatic melanoma and related to clinical outcome and MAP‐kinase pathway mutations (BRAF/NRAS). We also examined patient outcome‐related differences in a predicted network of microRNAs and their targets. The 32 hub genes with the most reproducible survival‐related disturbances in co‐expression with their protein partner genes included oncogenes and tumor suppressors, previously known correlates of prognosis, and other proteins not previously associated with melanoma outcome. Notably, this network‐based gene set could classify patients according to clinical outcomes with 67–80% accuracy among cohorts. Reproducibly disturbed networks were also more likely to have a higher functional mutation burden than would be expected by chance. The disturbed regions of networks are therefore markers of clinically relevant, selectable tumor evolution in melanoma which may carry driver mutations.
Is There a Duty to Intervene? Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Pattison James 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article considers the duty to undertake humanitarian intervention. It first examines the arguments for the duty to intervene and questions the possibility of supererogatory humanitarian intervention. It then considers the leading objections to this duty which, it is argued, are largely unpersuasive. In the final section, the article considers the duty to intervene in the context of the responsibility to protect doctrine, which provides the framework within which debates about humanitarian intervention now in large part occur.
Indexicality and The Answering Machine Paradox
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Michaelson Eliot 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAnswering machines and other types of recording devices present prima facie problems for traditional theories of the meaning of indexicals. The present essay explores a range of semantic and pragmatic responses to these issues. Careful attention to the difficulties posed by recordings promises to help enlighten the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics more broadly.
Bayle on the (Ir)rationality of Religious Belief
Authors: Irwin Kristen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBayle's conception of reason is notoriously difficult to unravel, as are its consequences for the rationality of religious belief. The secondary literature has generally coalesced around two interpretations of Bayle's conception of reason. The “superskeptical” interpretation holds that reason is the source of its own undoing, not to be trusted; religious belief turns out to be irrational on this conception of reason, but this is hardly cause for alarm. The jusqu'au bout (to the very end) interpretation holds that reason is to be followed wherever it leads, and if one follows closely, reason requires the rejection of religious belief. On both models, religious belief turns out to be irrational. In this piece, I summarize and examine these two interpretations, and using José Maia Neto's exposition of Bayle as an Academic skeptic, I propose a third that I call “common sense” skepticism. On this reading, reason does indeed use logic to form and sort beliefs – including some religious beliefs – but only holds to those beliefs fallibilistically. There may be a category of religious beliefs, however, that can only be recommended by faith; these would be religious beliefs that lack rational evidence, or exhibit rational contradictions. On this view, while some religious beliefs may turn out to be rational, there will likely be a set of core religious beliefs that come out to be irrational. I end by highlighting a suggestion by Bayle that reason itself may recommend revelation as a guide to belief, conferring a kind of intermediate rationality even on apparently irrational religious beliefs.
Short‐term cognitive‐behavioral treatment in multicultural primary care of patients with longstanding backache
Authors: Taloyan Marina , Alinaghizadeh Hassan , Löfvander Monica 
Published: June 2013

The efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral therapy in multi‐cultural primary care patients with longstanding backache is not evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of a four weekly‐treatment given by primary care physicians regarding pain‐related worry, depression and severe pain and to determine which social, clinical or gender factors were associated with outcome.The study group consisted of 245 patients in consecutive order from 19 countries, 18 to 45 years, entering rehabilitation program because of longstanding backache. Prevalences of pain‐related worry and depression and severe pain was counted and compared before and after. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds (OR; 95% CI) for persistent pain‐related worry and/or persistent depression and severe pain (VAS ≥ 50). The prevalences of pain‐related worry and depression were both significantly lower after treatment (pain‐related worry 83% before vs. 38% after; depression 43% before vs. 31% after). Also the number of patients scoring ≥ 50 VAS was a little, but significantly, fewer (68% vs. 61%). Use of interpreter doubled the risk of having persistent pain‐related worry (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–4.1) but the risk was not significant regarding persistent depression (OR 1.8; 0.6‐5.4). The rating of VAS rating ≥ 50 after treatment was twice as high, OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.1–4.6) in the 38–45 year old age group. To conclude, a focus on pain ideas reduced pain‐related worry and depression in these patients with various sociocultural backgrounds and longstanding backache.
A method for accounting for maintenance costs in flux balance analysis improves the prediction of plant cell metabolic phenotypes under stress conditions
Authors: Cheung C. Y. Maurice , Williams Thomas C. R. , Poolman Mark G. , Fell David. A. , Ratcliffe R. George , Sweetlove Lee J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryFlux balance models of metabolism generally utilize synthesis of biomass as the main determinant of intracellular fluxes. However, the biomass constraint alone is not sufficient to predict realistic fluxes in central heterotrophic metabolism of plant cells because of the major demand on the energy budget due to transport costs and cell maintenance. This major limitation can be addressed by incorporating transport steps into the metabolic model and by implementing a procedure that uses Pareto optimality analysis to explore the trade‐off between ATP and NADPH production for maintenance. This leads to a method for predicting cell maintenance costs on the basis of the measured flux ratio between the oxidative steps of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis. We show that accounting for transport and maintenance costs substantially improves the accuracy of fluxes predicted from a flux balance model of heterotrophic Arabidopsis cells in culture, irrespective of the objective function used in the analysis. Moreover, when the new method was applied to cells under control, elevated temperature and hyper‐osmotic conditions, only elevated temperature led to a substantial increase in cell maintenance costs. It is concluded that the hyper‐osmotic conditions tested did not impose a metabolic stress, in as much as the metabolic network is not forced to devote more resources to cell maintenance.