bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating Banking Bonuses in the European Union: a Case Study in Unintended Consequences
Authors: Murphy Kevin J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBeginning in 2014, the European Union (EU) will limit the amount of bankers' bonuses to the amount of fixed remuneration; the cap could be increased to 2:1 with the backing of a supermajority of shareholders. I demonstrate that the pending EU regulations restrictions will: (1) increase rather than decrease incentives for excessive risk taking; (2) result in significant increase in fixed remuneration; (3) reduce incentives to create value; (4) reduce the competitiveness of the EU banking sector; and (5) result in a general degradation in the quality of EU investment bankers, thereby decreasing access to capital and increasing the cost of capital.
The Empirical Determinants of Credit Default Swap Spreads: a Quantile Regression Approach
Authors: Pires Pedro , Pereira João Pedro , Martins Luís Filipe 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study the empirical determinants of Credit Default Swap (CDS) spreads through quantile regressions. In addition to traditional variables, such as implied volatility, put skew, historical stock return, leverage, profitability, and ratings, the results indicate that CDS premiums are strongly determined by CDS illiquidity costs, measured by absolute bid‐ask spreads. The quantile regression approach reveals that high‐risk firms are more sensitive to changes in the explanatory variables that low‐risk firms. Furthermore, the goodness‐of‐fit of the model increases with CDS premiums, which is consistent with the credit spread puzzle.
The Economics of Donations and Enlightened Self‐interest
Authors: Buraschi Andrea , Cornelli Francesca 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe use a unique dataset from the English National Opera to study what motivates individuals to donate. The data includes both attendance and benefits (granted and consumed) by all donors. We find that individuals clearly respond to incentives. However, only some individuals are motivated exclusively by private benefits. Some individuals are willing to fund public goods, even though they could free‐ride. Moreover, donors who attend special events or new productions develop loyalty and increase their donations over time. Finally, individuals are sensitive to social pressure and network connections. These results can help charities to refocus the design of their fund‐raising.
Growth Mechanism and Photoluminescence Investigation of Double‐Broccoli‐Like CaWO4:Eu3+ Superstructures via Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Chen Yeqing , Moon Byung K. , Choi Byung C. , Jeong Jung H. , Yang Hyun K. 
Published: August 2013

In this article, the synthesis and growth mechanism of CaWO4:Eu3+ hierarchical dumbbell‐like and double‐broccoli‐like microstructures via a surfactant‐free hydrothermal process are studied. Results show that morphology of the product is time‐dependent under proper pH = 7. The formation of double‐broccoli‐like microstructures experience pathway from nanoparticles to hierarchical configuration. We propose that nuclei aggregated nanorods fused into spindles in seek of less surface energy, and then aligned by reorientation forming the building blocks of hierarchical dumbbell‐like and double‐broccoli‐like morphologies by the “Orientation Attachment (OA) process.” The hierarchical double‐broccoli‐like microcrystals are grown at the cost of nanoflakes experiencing the “Ostwald Ripening (OR) Process”. Interestingly, the cooperation of “OA process” and “OR Process” is observed in the growth of alkali metal tungstate for the first time. Also, the morphology dependent photoluminescent (PL) properties are also discussed. It may bring us a new insight into the growth of CaWO4 crystals and raise a new way for the fine controlling and designing of other crystals.
Resource need and use of multiethnic caregivers of elders in their homes
Authors: Friedemann Marie‐Luise , Newman Frederick L. , Buckwalter Kathleen C. , Montgomery Rhonda J.V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to predict South Florida family caregivers' need for and use of informal help or formal services, specifically, to explore the predictive power of variables suggested by the Caregiver Identity Theory and the literature and develop and test a structural model.BackgroundIn the USA, most of the care to older adults is given by family members. Caregivers make economic and social sacrifices that endanger their health. They feel burdened, if they receive no assistance with their tasks; however, services available are not sufficiently used.DesignThis cross‐sectional correlational study was a survey of family caregivers in their home, using standardized and/or pre‐tested scales and a cognitive status test of their patients.MethodsA random sample of 613 multiethnic caregivers of frail elders were recruited in home care and community agencies. The interviews were held between 2006–2009. Analyses involved correlation and regression analyses and structural equation modelling. Outcome measures were need and use of family help and formal services.Results/FindingsThe model yielded excellent fit indices replicated on three random samples of 370. The patients' functional limitations yielded the strongest predictive coefficients followed by caregiver stress. Cultural indicators played a minor role.ConclusionThe lack of a link between resource need and use suggested access barriers. Important for policy makers and service providers are the delivery of high‐quality services and the use of a personal and individualized approach with all ethnicities. Quality service includes understanding the caregiving situations and requires a trusting relationship with family caregivers.
Better Living Through Chemistry? A Reply to Savulescu and Persson on ‘Moral Enhancement’
Authors: Sparrow Robert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn ‘Moral Enhancement, Freedom, and the God Machine’, Savulescu and Persson argue that recent scientific findings suggest that there is a realistic prospect of achieving ‘moral enhancement’ and respond to Harris's criticism that this would threaten individual freedom and autonomy. I argue that although some pharmaceutical and neuro‐scientific interventions may influence behaviour and emotions in ways that we may be inclined to evaluate positively, describing this as ‘moral enhancement’ presupposes a particular, contested account, of what it is to act morally and implies that entirely familiar drugs such as alcohol, ecstasy, and marijuana are also capable of making people ‘more moral’. Moreover, while Savulescu and Persson establish the theoretical possibility of using drugs to promote autonomy, the real threat posed to freedom by ‘moral bioenhancement’ is that the ‘enhancers’ will be wielding power over the ‘enhanced’. Drawing on Pettit's notion of ‘freedom as non‐domination’, I argue that individuals may be rendered unfree even by a hypothetical technology such as Savulescu and Persson's ‘God machine’, which would only intervene if they chose to act immorally. While it is impossible to rule out the theoretical possibility that moral enhancement might be all‐things‐considered justified even where it did threaten freedom and autonomy, I argue that any technology for biomedical shaping of behaviour and dispositions is much more likely to be used for ill rather than good.
Genomewide association for a dominant pigmentation gene in sheep
Authors: Kijas J.W. , Serrano M. , McCulloch R. , Li Y. , Salces Ortiz J. , Calvo J.H. , Pérez‐Guzmán M.D. ,   The International Sheep Genomics Consortium
Published: August 2013

SummaryMost published genomewide association studies (GWAS) in sheep have investigated recessively inherited monogenic traits. The objective here was to assess the feasibility of performing GWAS for a dominant trait for which the genetic basis was already known. A total of 42 Manchega and Rasa Aragonesa sheep that segregate solid black or white coat pigmentation were genotyped using the SNP50 BeadChip. Previous analysis in Manchegas demonstrated a complete association between the pigmentation trait and alleles of the MC1R gene, setting an a priori expectation for GWAS. Multiple methods were used to identify and quantify the strength of population substructure between black and white animals, before allelic association testing was performed for 49 034 SNPs. Following correction for substructure, GWAS identified the most strongly associated SNP (s26449) was also the closest to the MC1R gene. The finding was strongly supported by the permutation tree‐based random forest (RF) analysis. Importantly, GWAS identified unlinked SNP with only slightly lower p‐values than for s26449. Random forest analysis indicated these were false positives, suggesting interpretation based on both approaches was beneficial. The results indicate that a combined analytical approach can be successful in studies where a modest number of animals are available and substantial population stratification exists.
Genetic parameters for linear type traits in the Rendena dual‐purpose breed
Authors: Mazza S. , Guzzo N. , Sartori C. , Berry D.P. , Mantovani R. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe aim of the study was to estimate the genetic parameters for five composite traits and 20 individual type traits on 10 735 first‐parity Rendena dual‐purpose cows. Fixed effects included in the linear animal mixed models were herd‐year‐classifier, days in milk and age at first calving; the additive genetic effect of the animal was included as a random effect. Heritability estimates varied from 0.12 (feet) to 0.52 (stature). Genetic correlations between the individual body size traits were all ≥0.69; similar strong genetic correlations existed between traits describing similar morphological characteristics (e.g. mammary system, fleshiness). Many of the body size traits were negatively genetically correlated with animal fleshiness. Genetic trends showed that genetic merit for body size increased consistently over the last 10 years, while genetic merit for fleshiness declined. These results suggest that the characteristics of the dual‐purpose Rendena cattle are becoming more like specialized milk‐producing animals. Nonetheless, sufficient genetic variation exists to halt or reverse the deterioration in fleshiness.
Persistence temperament associated with children playing math games between touch panel and embodied interaction
Authors: Jong J‐T. , Hong J‐C. , Yen C‐Y. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe different designs of various interactive gaming controllers affect posture and muscle loading of the body. It is assumed that prolonged exposure to the interactive gaming controllers can affect the effectiveness in using the game for the purposes of learning. This study explores the differences in behavioural responses among students with different temperaments regarding mathematic gameplay by comparing the touch‐based and gesture‐based interactive devices. The experiment was designed for 119 5‐year‐old kindergarten children, and valid data from 99 individuals were analysed for this study. The results indicated that participants in the touch‐based interaction (TBI) groups performed better than the participants in the gesture‐based interaction (GBI) groups with respect to numerical counting in both games. The results also showed that among all dimensions of temperaments, only persistence had a positive correlation to TBI. This implied that TBI was preferred over GBI for kindergarten children. Accordingly, e‐learning designers should place more emphasis on TBI.
Cognitive Function and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Older Adults
Authors: Lee Kyung Hee , Wu Bei , Plassman Brenda L. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between cognitive function and self‐reported oral health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in community‐dwelling older adults.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCommunity in West Virginia.ParticipantsTwo hundred twenty‐six community‐dwelling older adults.MeasurementsOral HRQoL was measured using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) (range 12–60), and cognitive function was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Dental professionals performed oral health examinations.ResultsParticipants with normal cognitive function had higher GOHAI total scores (mean 55.1), indicating better oral HRQoL, than participants with cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) (mean 52.3) and mild dementia (mean 51.0). The difference remained significant after controlling for sociodemographic, health status, comorbidity, and clinical dental status covariates.ConclusionOral HRQoL, as measured using the GOHAI, was better in participants with normal cognitive function than in those with CIND of mild dementia in the population studied.
Effects of Medication Reviews Performed by a Physician on Treatment with Fracture‐Preventing and Fall‐Risk‐Increasing Drugs in Older Adults with Hip Fracture—A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Sjöberg Christina , Wallerstedt Susanna M. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate whether medication reviews increase treatment with fracture‐preventing drugs and decrease treatment with fall‐risk‐increasing drugs.DesignRandomized controlled trial (1:1).SettingDepartments of orthopedics, geriatrics, and medicine at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsOne hundred ninety‐nine consecutive individuals with hip fracture aged 65 and older.InterventionMedication reviews, based on assessments of risks of falls and fractures, regarding fracture‐preventing and fall‐risk‐increasing drugs, performed by a physician, conveyed orally and in written form to hospital physicians during the hospital stay, and to general practitioners after discharge.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were changes in treatment with fracture‐preventing and fall‐risk‐increasing drugs 12 months after discharge. Secondary outcomes were falls, fractures, deaths, and physicians' attitudes toward the intervention.ResultsAt admission, 26% of intervention and 29% of control participants were taking fracture‐preventing drugs, and 12% and 11%, respectively, were taking bone‐active drugs, predominantly bisphosphonates. After 12 months, 77% of intervention and 58% of control participants were taking fracture‐preventing drugs (P = .01), and 29% and 15%, respectively, were taking bone‐active drugs (P = .04). Mean number of fall‐risk‐increasing drugs per participants was 3.1 (intervention) and 3.1 (control) at admission and 2.9 (intervention) and 3.1 (control) at 12 months (P = .62). No significant differences in hard endpoints were found. The responding physicians (n = 65) appreciated the intervention; on a scale from 1 (very bad) to 6 (very good), the median rating was 5 (interquartile range (IQR) 4–6) for the oral part and 5 (IQR 4–5.5) for the text part.ConclusionMedication reviews performed and conveyed by a physician increased treatment with fracture‐preventing drugs but did not significantly decrease treatment with fall‐risk‐increasing drugs in older adults with hip fracture. Prescribing physicians appreciated this intervention.
Involvement of Histone Modifications in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses
Authors: Yuan Lianyu , Liu Xuncheng , Luo Ming , Yang Songguang , Wu Keqiang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants encounter various environmental stimuli including abiotic stresses during their lifecycle. To survive under adverse conditions, plants have evolved intricate mechanisms to perceive external signals and respond accordingly. Responses to various stresses largely depend on the plant capacity to modulate the transcriptome rapidly and specifically. A number of studies have shown that the molecular mechanisms driving the responses of plants to environmental stresses often depend on nucleosome histone post‐translational modifications including histone acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. The combined effects of these modifications play an essential role in the regulation of stress responsive gene expression. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of histone modifications and their roles in plant abiotic stress response.imageKeqiang Wu(Corresponding author)
The interactive effects of abusive supervision and entitlement on emotional exhaustion and co‐worker abuse
Authors: Wheeler Anthony R. , Halbesleben Jonathon R. B. , Whitman Marilyn V. 
Published: August 2013

In this study, we examine the relationship between employee perceptions of supervisor abuse, emotional exhaustion, psychological entitlement, and subsequent co‐worker abuse. We hypothesize that higher levels of employee psychological entitlement moderate the abusive supervisor – emotional exhaustion relationship – and this interaction mediates the abusive supervision – co‐worker abuse relationship. Using multilevel‐moderated mediation analysis to analyse day‐level survey data from a lagged panel design across five working days from 132 working adults and their co‐workers across multiple industries, we found support for our hypothesized model. We discuss implications for theory, future research, and management practice that result from our study.Practitioner points

Psychologically entitled employees who perceive more abusive supervision are more emotionally exhausted and more likely to abuse their co‐workers; therefore, organizations need to identify patterns indicative of these types of employees.

Stressed environments likely exacerbate these relationships, and organizations might consider regular workforce surveys assessing employee emotional exhaustion, which is a trigger for harmful employee work behaviours.
UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS AND THE WELFARE STATE: THE CASE OF REGIONAL MIGRATION AND U.S. AGRICULTURAL LABOR
Authors: Pena Anita Alves 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA common perception is that immigrants, including illegal immigrants, use disproportionate public aid and select locations based on characteristics of services offered. This paper asks to what extent geographic clustering of undocumented immigrant agricultural laborers in the U.S. is correlated with take‐up of public aid broadly defined. Evidence from a nationally representative farmworker survey does not support welfare migration for undocumented immigrants, who have been previously unidentifiable in the literature. The paper, therefore, challenges existing notions of welfare migration by illegal immigrants that have inspired state‐level public policy initiatives.
Soybean Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi as Affected by Acibenzolar‐S‐Methyl, Jasmonic Acid and Silicon
Authors: Cruz Maria Fernanda Antunes , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila , Diniz Ana Paula Cardoso , Alves Moreira Maurilio , Barros Everaldo Gonçalves 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAsian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most important diseases on soybean. At the moment, ASR is managed mainly with fungicides due to the absence of commercial cultivars with resistance to this disease. This study evaluated the effects of acibenzolar‐Smethyl (ASM), jasmonic acid (JA), potassium silicate (PS) and calcium silicate (CS) on soybean resistance to ASR. The ASM, JA and PS were sprayed to leaves 24 h prior to inoculation with P. pachyrhizi. The CS was amended to the soil. The incubation period (time from the inoculation until symptoms development) was longer for plants growing in soil amended with CS or sprayed with ASM in comparison with plants sprayed with water (control). Plants sprayed with ASM had longer latent period (time from the inoculation until signs appearance) in comparison with the control plants. Plants sprayed with PS showed fewer uredia per cm² of leaf in relation to the control plants. The ASM and PS were the most effective treatments in reducing the ASR symptoms in contrast to the JA and CS treatments. The JA served as an inducer of susceptibility to ASR.
Unravelling the ultrastructure of ascending colon fluids from patients with ulcerative colitis by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Müllertz Anette , Fatouros Dimitrios G , Vertzoni Maria , Reppas Christos 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Studies on the characterization of ascending colonic fluids are scarce, limited to physicochemical characterization of their composition, and little is known for the morphology of the produced colloidal phases. In an attempt to gain insights for their structure at the ultrastructural level, samples from the lumen of ascending colon were collected from patients with ulcerative colitis in remission.

Methods
After ultracentrifugation, the supernatants of two samples (one with high and one with low cholesterol level) were visualized by means of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.

Key findings
In the supernatants with high cholesterol content, micellar-like structures, bilayer fragments, open vesicles, and uni-, bi- and trilamellar vesicles were abundant. In addition, crystals of cholesterol were frequently observed. In contrast, in the sample with low cholesterol content, oily solids, plates of cholesterol monohydrate and elongated structures were present. Few unilamellar vesicles were occasionally visualized.

Conclusions
The current study gives direct evidence, for the first time, of the existence of ‘remnants’ of lipolytic products in the fasted ascending colon. The impact of these structures to colonic absorption of drugs is an open question.
Exploring QSAR and pharmacophore mapping of structurally diverse selective matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitors
Authors: Halder Amit Kumar , Saha Achintya , Jha Tarun 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objectives and Methods
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a potential target in metastases. Regression (conventional 2D QSAR) and classification (recursive partitioning (RP), Bayesian modelling) QSAR, pharmacophore mapping and 3D QSAR (comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity analysis) were performed on 202 MMP-2 inhibitors.

Key findings
Quality of the regression models was justified by internal (Q2) and external (R2Pred) cross-validation parameters. Stepwise regression was used to develop linear model (Q2 = 0.822, R2Pred = 0.667). Genetic algorithm developed linear (Q2 = 0.845, R2Pred = 0.638) and spline model (Q2 = 0.882, R2Pred = 0.644). The RP and Bayesian models showed cross-validated area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC_CV) of 0.805 and 0.979 respectively. QSAR models depicted importance of descriptors like five-membered rings, fractional positively charged surface area, lipophilocity and so on. Higher molecular volume was found to be detrimental. Pharmacophore mapping was performed with two tools – Hypogen and PHASE. Both models indicated that one hydrophobic and three hydrogen bond acceptor features are essential. The Pharmacophore-aligned structures were used for CoMFA (Q2 of 0.586 and R2Pred of 0.689) and CoMSIA (Q2 of 0.673 and R2Pred of 0.758), results of which complied with the other analyses.

Conclusions
All modelling techniques were compared to each other. The current study may help in designing novel MMP-2 inhibitors.