bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Lipoprotein Kinetics Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Affect the Distribution of Lipopolysaccharides Among Lipoproteins
Authors: Vergès Bruno , Duvillard Laurence , Lagrost Laurent , Vachoux Christelle , Garret Céline , Bouyer Karine , Courtney Michael , Pomié Céline , Burcelin Rémy 
Published: April 2014

Context:Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are inflammatory components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and, in plasma, are mostly associated with lipoproteins. This association is thought to promote their catabolism while reducing their proinflammatory effects.Objectives:Our aim was to determine the impact of lipoprotein kinetics on plasma LPS distribution and how it may affect patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Design:We performed a kinetic study in 30 individuals (16 T2DM patients, 14 controls) and analyzed the impact of changes in lipoprotein kinetics on LPS distribution among lipoproteins.Results:Plasma LPS levels in T2DM patients were not different from those in controls, but LPS distribution in the two groups was different. Patients with T2DM had higher LPS-very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; 31% ± 7% vs 22% ± 11%, P = .002), LPS-high-density lipoprotein (HDL; 29% ± 9% vs 19% ± 10%, P = .015), free (nonlipoprotein bound) LPS (10% ± 4% vs 7% ± 4%, P = .043) and lower LPS-low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 30% ± 13% vs 52% ± 16%, P = .001). In multivariable analysis, VLDL-LPS was associated with HDL-LPS (P &lt; .0001); LDL-LPS was associated with VLDL-LPS (P = .004), and VLDL apolipoprotein (apo) B100 catabolism (P = .002); HDL-LPS was associated with free LPS (P &lt; .0001) and VLDL-LPS (P = .033); free LPS was associated with HDL-LPS (P &lt; .0001). In a patient featuring a dramatic decrease in VLDL catabolism due to apoA-V mutation, LDL-LPS was severely decreased (0.044 EU/mL vs 0.788 EU/mL in controls). The difference between T2DM patients and controls for LDL-LPS fraction was no longer significant after controlling for VLDL apoB100 total fractional catabolic rate.Conclusions:Our data suggest that in humans, free LPS transfers first to HDL and then to VLDL, whereas the LPS-bound LDL fraction is mainly derived from VLDL catabolism; the latter may hence represent a LPS catabolic pathway. T2DM patients show lower LDL-LPS secondary to reduced VLDL catabolism, which may represent an impaired catabolic pathway.
Synthesis and CO2 Adsorption Properties of Hydrophobic Porous Coordination Polymer Featuring [Zn9(MeBTZ)12]6+ Building Units
Authors: Watabe Tsuyoshi , Yogo Katsunori 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A hydrophobic porous coordination polymer, [Zn9(MeBTZ)12(BPDC)3] where MeBTZ is 5-methylbenzotriazolate and BPDC is 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate, was obtained through a one-pot solvothermal reaction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The structure of [Zn9(MeBTZ)12(BPDC)3] was built from trigonal antiprismatic [Zn9(MeBTZ)12]6+ nodes connected with linear BPDC linkers, having 4669 net topology. The working capacity for CO2 adsorption on [Zn9(MeBTZ)12(BPDC)3] over the pressure range between 0.1 and 1.6 MPa at 40 °C was 3.4 mol kg−1 after the preintroduction of high humidity.
Meta-analysis of retrojugular versus antejugular approach for carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Antoniou GA , Murray D , Antoniou SA , Kuhan G , Serracino-Inglott F 
Published: March 2014

Introduction The retrojugular approach for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been reported to have the advantages of shorter operative time and ease of dissection, especially in high carotid lesions. Controversial opinion exists with regard to its safety and benefits over the conventional antejugular approach. Methods A systematic review of electronic information sources was conducted to identify studies comparing outcomes of CEA performed with the retrojugular and antejugular approach. Synthesis of summary statistics was undertaken and fixed or random effects models were applied to combine outcome data. Findings A total of 6 studies reporting on a total of 740 CEAs (retrojugular approach: 333 patients; antejugular approach: 407 patients) entered our meta-analysis models. The retrojugular approach was found to be associated with a higher incidence of laryngeal nerve damage (odds ratio [OR]: 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–7.07). No significant differences in the incidence of hypoglossal or accessory nerve damage were identified between the retrojugular and antejugular approach groups (OR: 1.09 and 11.51, 95% CI: 0.31–3.80 and 0.59–225.43). Cranial nerve damage persisting during the follow-up period was similar between the groups (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 0.79–11.13). Perioperative stroke and mortality rates did not differ in patients treated with the retrojugular or antejugular approach (OR: 1.26 and 1.28, 95% CI: 0.31–5.21 and 0.25–6.50). Conclusions Currently, there is no conclusive evidence to favour one approach over the other. Proof from a well designed randomised trial would help determine the role and benefits of the retrojugular approach in CEA.
Methods for siting emergency stomas in the absence of a stoma therapist
Authors: Pengelly S , Reader J , Jones A , Roper K , Douie WJ , Lambert AW 
Published: March 2014

Introduction Stomas often have to be sited in emergencies by trainees who may have had little training in this. Emergency stomas and stomas where the site has not been marked preoperatively by a stoma therapist are more prone to complications. These complications may severely affect a patient’s quality of life. Advice in the literature on how to best site stomas is conflicting. We compared two easy anatomical methods of siting stomas to sites chosen by a stoma therapist and looked at how this site was affected by the patients’ body mass index (BMI). Methods Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were seen either pre or postoperatively. Each patient’s BMI was recorded and the positions of three different potential stoma positions (site G: the gold standard, marked by a stoma therapist; site S: marked using a pair of scissors against the umbilicus; site H: halfway between the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine) were compared. Results The two fixed anatomical methods described (method S and method H) both gave poor results. The most common reason for poor siting was the proximity of a skin crease. There was a statistically significant correlation between the patient’s BMI and the laterality of the gold standard site. Conclusions The two simple anatomical methods described here do not provide a shortcut to effective siting. A more effective method may be calculating the laterality of the site using the patient’s BMI, and then moving up/down to avoid a skin crease and improve the patient’s view for changing the bag. This deserves further study.
Incidence and predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia in a tertiary endocrine surgical unit
Authors: Edafe O , Prasad P , Harrison BJ , Balasubramanian SP 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPost-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia is a common complication with significant short and long term morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia (as defined by a corrected calcium <2.1 mmol/l) in a tertiary endocrine surgical unit.MethodsA total of 238 consecutive patients who underwent completion or bilateral thyroid surgery between 2008 and 2011 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical and biochemical data were obtained from electronic and hard copy medical records.ResultsThe incidence of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia on first postoperative day (POD1) was 29.0%. There was variation in the incidence of hypocalcaemia depending on the timing of measurement on the first postoperative day. At six months following surgery, 5.5% of patients were on calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation. Factors associated with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia were lower preoperative corrected calcium (p=0.005) and parathyroid gland (PTG) auto-transplant (p=0.001). Other clinical factors such as central lymph node dissection, inadvertent PTG excision, ethnicity, preoperative diagnosis and Lugol’s iodine were not associated with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.ConclusionThe incidence of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was underestimated by 6% when only POD1 measurements were considered. The timing of measurement on POD1 has an impact on the incidence of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. Auto-transplantation and lower preoperative calcium were associated with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.
Ultrasonography alone for diagnosis of breast cancer in women under 40
Authors: Appleton DC , Hackney L , Narayanan S 
Published: March 2014

Introduction Recent guidelines suggest that ultrasonography should be used as the primary imaging modality in women under 40 years of age with mammography being offered if further imaging is required. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of ultrasonography and the utility of mammography in this patient group by reviewing the role these imaging techniques had in the diagnosis of breast cancer in our unit. Methods All breast cancers diagnosed in patients 39 years or younger from June 2009 to June 2011 were reviewed. This was a retrospective review of presentation, clinical findings, imaging modality (ultrasonography, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and histology. Mammography was the primary imaging modality until May 2011 in women between 35 and 39 years of age. Both invasive and intraductal carcinoma were included in the study but lobular carcinoma in situ was excluded. Results A total of 2,495 patients were referred to the symptomatic breast clinic in this age group during the study period. Thirty women were identified with either invasive cancer (n=27) or ductal carcinoma in situ (n=3). Twenty-eight patients underwent mammography, graded as uncertain, suspicious or malignant in the majority. Malignancy was missed in one patient. All 30 patients underwent ultrasonography, reported as uncertain, suspicious or malignant, an indication for diagnostic core biopsy. Ultrasonography alone did not miss any cancers but did fail to detect multifocal disease in one patient. Conclusions In this study group, ultrasonography was reliable as the primary imaging modality for women under 40, identifying all cancers in this cohort. Mammography and/or MRI remain essential adjuncts to accurately determine multifocality and/or the extent of disease.
The use of computed tomography in identifying radiologically occult hip fractures in the elderly
Authors: Heikal S , Riou P , Jones L 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionFractured neck of femur (NOF) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Approximately 4% of patients with an initial normal hip x-ray in the emergency department (ED) will in fact have an occult fracture. In cases where there is ongoing clinical suspicion of NOF fracture despite a normal hip x-ray, alternative imaging should be used. Although available evidence supports the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for this, it is often not readily accessible from the ED. In our department, it is common practice to request computed tomography (CT).MethodsA historical review was undertaken of all patients who presented between October 2007 and January 2011 who had CT requested by ED staff. Patients included in the study were those who presented following low impact trauma in whom fractured NOF was suspected despite a normal x-ray.ResultsOf the 65 included patients, fractures (pelvic and hip) were identified in 38 patients on CT. Fractured NOFs were found in 13 patients. Acetabular fractures were found in nine patients, five of whom required further orthopaedic management. One patient went on to have MRI to confirm the diagnosis of an impacted NOF fracture, suspected both on x-ray and CT. Further review was undertaken of the medical notes of discharged patients to identify any who reattended or required further imaging. No such cases were found.ConclusionsThis review has shown the use of CT to be a practical approach to improving the care of patients with occult hip fractures.
The Mentor I Never Met
Authors: Wood Donald N. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Donald Wood writes from a unique perspective in his tribute to Neil Postman. Although he never had the opportunity to meet Postman in person, Wood traces the overwhelming influence the godfather of media ecology has had on his own professional career over a 40-year span. Through his books, some correspondence, and a few phone conversations, Postman shaped Wood's professional career and strongly determined the direction of two of his books—including writing the foreword to one of them.
The Missing Years: Neil Postman and The New English Book Series
Authors: Gencarelli Thom 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This essay presents an examination of six English-language education textbooks, targeted to students in Grades 7–12, that Neil Postman either authored or co-authored during the 1960s. The books, which were published as a series entitled The New English, by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, are often overlooked by, and even unknown to, many students and scholars of Postman’s work. This essay seeks to redress the absence of these books in many scholarly treatments of Postman’s work, including and especially treatments focused on the development of his ideas across the span of his career. The essay also presents the claim that these books are of substantial significance in the evolution of Postman’s ideas and writing, in the overall contributions he has made, and in the value they offer to the field of media ecology.
Neil Postman, Media Ecologist
Authors: Strate Lance 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article is based on the premise that media ecology was Neil Postman's most significant and lasting achievement. Beginning with Postman's formal introduction of the term media ecology at the 58th annual convention of the National Council of Teachers of English, which was held in Milwaukee in 1968, this article discusses the coining of the term and its diffusion. Postman's definition and interpretations of media ecology are then considered, followed by a discussion of the ways in which Postman considered media ecology to be a form of praxis and, in effect, a moral ecology.
The Transformation of Carey on McLuhan: Admiration, Rejection and Redemption
Authors: Grosswiler Paul 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
During his 40 years of writing about Marshall McLuhan, James Carey’s critical engagement was transformed from initial admiration, to rejection, and then to acceptance. Carey’s dismissal of McLuhan as a technological determinist whose work was inferior to Harold Innis was particularly influential. By the late 1990s, however, Carey called this position an unproductive argument that prevented appreciation of McLuhan’s contributions. This reappraisal of McLuhan was omitted from the two anthologies of Carey’s work and appeared in an array of publications that diluted its impact. This article traces contours of Carey’s transformation on McLuhan to argue that Carey’s recognition of his legacy should replace the view that Carey still dismissed him as a technological determinist.
Biographical Notes on James W. Carey
Authors: Wasser Frederick 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The late James Carey was the dean in both the formal and honorific senses of the word for the study of communications and society. These notes are an attempt to trace the highlights of his career by his former research fellow. There is some attempt to correlate Carey’s transitions from graduate student to junior professor to dean at the University of Illinois U-C to an endowed chair professor at Columbia University with the evolutions in his interests. Carey’s writings concerned the philosophy of communication, economics, media and technology, cultural studies, democratic discourse, and the role of journalism.
Reading Carey Between the Lines
Authors: Pauly John 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
James Carey’s approach to media studies was far-ranging and interdisciplinary. His writings demonstrate the influence of several intellectual traditions, including pragmatism, British cultural studies, American studies, and Catholic social thought. Although his earlier work addressed general issues of media systems and culture, Carey later wrote frequently about journalism, in part because of his interest in the problems of public life in democratic societies, in part because journalism illustrated his commitment to media theory as a historically and socially situated cultural practice.
The Flouting of the First Amendment
Authors: Levinson Paul 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The First Amendment has received mounting and nearly unprecedented flouting at the hands of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Congress in the past few years, with massive fines levied against broadcasters for alleged violations of ambiguous public decency standards. The history of the First Amendment in America is outlined here—from its Jeffersonian beginnings contested by John Adams and the Federalists, through its relative golden age in the 19th century, to a 20th century of relentless battering by “clear and present danger” Supreme Court decisions and FCC rulings. We stand at a crossroads here at the beginning of the 21st century, where anything less than strong support of the First Amendment under fire could result in its disappearance from American life.
This article is based on the keynote address given at the sixth annual convention of the Media Ecology Association, held at Fordham University in New York City in 2005.
Media, Religion and Cultures: The Role of the Jesuit Communication “Bias” in the Formation of Cultures
Authors: White, SJ Robert A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the emerging field of media and religion, the cultural studies focus is asking what kind of religious cultures are being creating in the context of the media. One of the questions not taken up by the media, religion, and cultures network of scholars is the dimension of history and, specifically, what Innis called the “bias of communication” in cultural history. Following Innis’ argument that the dominant form of communication in an historical era influences the cultural impact of that era, this chapter asks how the oral, interpersonal communication bias of religious movements in early modern Europe and specifically the Jesuit movement influenced the religious culture and the emerging “city culture” of modern Europe.
Revisaging the Face: Levinas and the Limits of Online Communication
Authors: Dart Leslie B. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Current approaches examining aggression, or flaming, in online communication often fail to recognize the unique characteristics of communication conducted in virtual environments. Virtual environments inherently complicate communication because of the fragmentation of identity and space that persists within them. This article suggests that the fragmentation of identity results in an ambiguity of self and agency, and that the ontological assumptions on which modern ethical paradigms are based are ill-suited to online communication. This article considers the thought of Emmanuel Levinas and his attempt to preserve the ambiguity of alterity as an alternative to methods that seek to totalize alterity.
1001 markets: Independent production, ‘Universal Childhood’ and the Global Kids’ television industry
Authors: Hogan Lindsay , Sienkiewicz Matt 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article critically analyses the independent Vancouver-based animation company Big Bad Boo Studios and its programme 1001 Nights (Van de Keere, 2010). Placing Big Bad Boo Studios in the context of the global animation industry, the article considers the strategies that the small producer employs in order to compete against multinational corporations such as Disney and Turner. Using 1001 Nights as a case study, the article argues that Big Bad Boo offers a unique vision of global childhood founded on the common experiences of multicultural modernity that impact the lives of children across the world. Ultimately, Big Bad Boo puts forth this unique perspective in order to appeal to a wide swath of potential programme buyers, including both public and commercial broadcasters.
Representing children and childhood in Yoruba Nollywood
Authors: Abah Adedayo Ladigbolu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article offers the first in depth consideration of representations of children in West African ‘Nollywood’ cinema. Through textual analyses of a subset of video films that feature children, the article considers the extent to which Nollywood offers representation of local youth that can stand in opposition of the global stereotype of the helpless African child. Ultimately, it argues that Nollywood, by choosing to embrace only the more conservative elements of Yoruba cultural traditional, fails to offer well-developed depictions of African children and childhood.
Política de segurança da informação: contribuições do endomarketing para sua efetividade
Authors: Ellwanger Cristiane , Nunes Raul Ceretta , Rocha Rudimar Antunes da , Oliveira Maria Angélica Figueiredo 
Published: April 2014

Proteger os recursos de informação tornou-se um grande desafio às organizações devido ao avanço das tecnologias de informação, a integração entre essas tecnologias e o fluxo constante de informações que trafegam através de redes de comunicação. O estabelecimento de uma Política de Segurança da Informação – PSI pode resolver parte dos problemas relacionados à segurança, mas não pode resolvê-los integralmente, pois os recursos humanos, presentes no ambiente interno das organizações, podem comprometer a efetividade de uma PSI. Dada a relevância dos aspectos humanos no contexto da segurança da informação, o presente artigo explora a utilização de endomarketing (marketing interno) como estratégia de gestão, no intuito de se obter ou resgatar o comprometimento dos usuários para com os pressupostos definidos na política de segurança da informação, e demonstra, através de uma pesquisa experimental, o impacto da utilização de técnicas de endomarketing para a efetividade da política. Os resultados advindos da realização do experimento evidenciam quantitativamente o quão relevante pode ser a utilização dessas técnicas para que os procedimentos descritos na PSI sejam realmente executados pelos usuários e demonstram um aumento de 402,4% na adesão à política de segurança da informação, considerando os procedimentos indicados pela PSI e que foram totalmente executados.