bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How (Cautious) Social Media Use May Improve Education and Pipeline Efforts of a Growing Postpandemic Forensic Pathologist Workforce Shortage
Authors: Schukow Casey P. , Holmes Carley , Chambers Meagan , Rayes Omar , Jackson Nicole R. , Deeken Amy H. , Hlavaty Leigh A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many subspecialties of pathology have initiated novel methods and strategies to connect with medical students and residents, stimulate interest, and offer mentorship. Emerging concern about the future of forensic pathology has been highlighted in contemporary literature as recruitment of new fellows has stagnated and workforce shortage concerns have blossomed. Amidst these challenges, the potential role of social networking platforms like social media (SoMe) in enhancing autopsy pathology/forensics education has garnered attention, yet literature focusing specifically on its application in autopsy and forensic pathology remains limited. This review aims to provide a comprehensive narrative overview of the current literature on the established uses of SoMe in forensic pathology. It seeks to build upon existing recommendations, introducing a contemporary compilation of online resources designed to facilitate virtual engagement among pathologists, learners, patients, and families. The review supports the idea that strategic, ethical, and conscientious use of SoMe has a place in addressing the growing workforce shortages and closing educational gaps in forensic pathology by enhancing exposure to the field and dispelling antiquated stereotypes.
Catastrophic CPR-Related Injuries in Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Fitzgerald Jesse L. , Vergonet Breanne N. , Warren Wendy S. , Rohrer Andrew J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents a case of severe CPR-related injuries leading to diagnosis of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The subject is a 36-year-old female with a past medical history of a 10-mm aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery discovered on imaging 3 years prior to death. Major autopsy findings included subarachnoid hemorrhage in the base of the brain, bilateral hemothoraces, hemopericardium, laceration of the interatrial septum, laceration of the left pulmonary artery, and changes secondary to chronic alveolar hemorrhage in the lungs. The autopsy findings and subsequent unremarkable toxicology studies led to the suspicion of an underlying and clinically undiagnosed connective tissue disorder. Broad genetic exome testing revealed a mutation consistent with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. An overview of this disease, its diagnosis, and differential are further described herein, along with recommendations for forensic pathologists.
Comparison of the Cosmetic Efficacy of Extractum Cepae and Silicone-Based Gel in Upper Blepharoplasty
Authors: Güçlü Emin Serbülent , Özer Ömer , Çelik Seda , Eröz Pinar , Baysal Zeki 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide. However, an important problem after surgery is scar formation. The authors aimed to compare the efficacy of extractum cepae and silicone-based gels on postoperative scar appearance in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty.

Methods:
After suture removal, patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 [n=82, extractum cepae, sodium heparin, and allantoin mixture, Contractubex Gel (Merz Pharmaceuticals, Frankfurt, Germany)], group 2 [n=81, silicone-based gel (Dermatix Ultra Silicone Gel, Menarini, Singapore)], and group 3 (n=77, no additional treatment). Patients used the topical gels twice daily. All evaluations were performed on color photographs by 2 physicians during the postoperative first and third months.

Results:
The mean visual analog scale scores were significantly higher in all 3 groups in the postoperative first month (4.39±2.03, 4.41±2.57, and 4.33±2.46, respectively) compared with the postoperative third month (2.22±1.24, 2.15±1.38, and 2.29±1.47, respectively) (P=0.014, 0.037, and 0.026, respectively). The “Is the scar more stiff” score was higher in the postoperative first month compared with the third month.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, blepharoplasty scars improved up to the postoperative third month, but the topical gels used did not significantly improve the cosmetic appearance of blepharoplasty scars compared with the control group.
Near-Infrared Autofluorescence Signature: A New Parameter for Intraoperative Assessment of Parathyroid Glands in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Akgun Ege , Ibrahimli Arturan , Berber Eren 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
The success of parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism depends on the intraoperative differentiation of diseased from normal glands. Deep learning can potentially be applied to digitalize this subjective interpretation process that relies heavily on surgeon expertise. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether diseased vs normal parathyroid glands have different near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) signatures and whether related deep learning models can predict normal vs diseased parathyroid glands based on intraoperative in vivo images.

STUDY DESIGN:
This prospective study included patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism or thyroidectomy using intraoperative NIRAF imaging at a single tertiary referral center from November 2019 to March 2024. Autofluorescence intensity and heterogeneity index of normal vs diseased parathyroid glands were compared, and a deep learning model was developed.

RESULTS:
NIRAF images of a total of 1,506 normal and 597 diseased parathyroid glands from 797 patients were analyzed. Normal vs diseased glands exhibited a higher median normalized NIRAF intensity (2.68 [2.19 to 3.23] vs 2.09 [1.68 to 2.56] pixels, p < 0.0001) and lower heterogeneity index (0.11 [0.08 to 0.15] vs 0.18 [0.13 to 0.23], p < 0.0001). On receiver operating characteristics analysis, optimal thresholds to predict a diseased gland were 2.22 in pixel intensity and 0.14 in heterogeneity index. On deep learning, precision and recall of the model were 83.3% each, and area under the precision-recall curve was 0.908.

CONCLUSIONS:
Normal and diseased parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism have different intraoperative NIRAF patterns that could be quantified with intensity and heterogeneity analyses. Visual deep learning models relying on these NIRAF signatures could be built to assist surgeons in differentiating normal from diseased parathyroid glands.
Adapting Lateral Stepping Control to Walk on Winding Paths
Authors: Render Anna C. , Cusumano Joseph P. , Dingwell Jonathan B. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTMost often, gait biomechanics is studied during straight-ahead walking. However, real-life walking imposes various lateral maneuvers people must navigate. Such maneuvers challenge people’s lateral balance and can induce falls. Determining how people regulate their stepping movements during such complex walking tasks is therefore essential. Here, 24 adults (12F/12M; Age 25.8±3.5yrs) walked on wide or narrow virtual paths that were either straight, slowly-winding, or quickly-winding. From each trial, we computed time series of participants’ step widths and their lateral body positions relative to their path. We applied our Goal Equivalent Manifold framework – an analysis of how task-level redundancy impacts motor regulation – to quantify how participants adjusted their step width and lateral position from step to step as they walked on these paths. On the narrower paths, participants walked with narrower steps and less lateral position and step width variability. They did so by correcting step-to-step deviations in lateral position more, while correcting step-to-step deviations in step width less. On the winding paths, participants took both narrower and more variable steps. Interestingly, on slowly-winding paths, participants corrected step-to-step deviations in step width more by correcting step-to-step deviations in lateral position less: i.e., they prioritized maintaining step width over position. Conversely, on quickly-winding paths, participants strongly corrected step-to-step deviations in both step widthandlateral position: i.e., they prioritized maintaining both approximately equally, consistent with trying to maximize their maneuverability. These findings have important implications for persons with gait impairments who may have elevated fall risk.
ROLE OF FORELIMB MORPHOLOGY IN MUSCLE SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTIONS DURING LOCOMOTION IN THE CAT
Authors: Rahmati Seyed Mohammadali , Klishko Alexander N. , Martin Ramaldo S. , Bunderson Nate E. , Meslie Jeswin A. , Nichols T. Richard , Rybak Ilya A. , Frigon Alain , Burkholder Thomas J. , Prilutsky Boris I. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious studies established strong links between morphological characteristics of mammalian hindlimb muscles and their sensorimotor functions during locomotion. Less is known about the role of forelimb morphology in motor outputs and generation of sensory signals. Here, we measured morphological characteristics of 46 forelimb muscles from 6 cats. These characteristics included muscle attachments, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), fascicle length, etc. We also recorded full-body mechanics and EMG activity of forelimb muscles during level overground and treadmill locomotion in 7 and 16 adult cats of either sex, respectively. We computed forelimb muscle forces along with force- and length-dependent sensory signals mapped onto corresponding cervical spinal segments. We found that patterns of computed muscle forces and afferent activities were strongly affected by the muscle’s moment arm, PCSA, and fascicle length. Morphology of the shoulder muscles suggests distinct roles of the forelimbs in lateral force production and movements. Patterns of length-dependent sensory activity of muscles with long fibers (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis) closely matched patterns of overall forelimb length, whereas the activity pattern of biceps brachii matched forelimb orientation. We conclude that cat forelimb muscle morphology contributes substantially to locomotor function, particularly to control lateral stability and turning, rather than propulsion.
WITHDRAWN: The Neural efficiency score: Validation and application
Authors: Wenger Michael J. , Townsend James T. , Newbolds Sarah F. 
Published: July 2024

Withdrawal statementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because it has been substantially revised, expanded, and re-titled. The updated, revised, expanded and retitled version will be submitted as a new preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Mandrel Diameter is a Dominating Parameter for Fiber Alignment Control in Rotating Mandrel Electrospinning Systems
Authors: Meinhold Katherine L. , Tankersley Tyler , Darlington Rylie , Robinson Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAligned nano and micron-sized electrospun scaffolds are advantageous for 3Din vitromodels of fibrous, aligned tissue. A common approach to induce alignment is to collect on a rotating mandrel at high rotational speeds. Historically, rotating mandrel speed has been considered the major driver in tuning the degree of alignment even though mandrel diameter is known to modulate linear velocity and increase alignment. However, the comparative impact of mandrel diameter vs. rotating mandrel speed has not been systemically investigated. As such, this study aimed to investigate the role of mandrel diameter on fiber alignment, fiber fraction, and fiber diameter under controlled modulation of common processing parameters including applied voltage, distance to collector, and mandrel rotational speed. Analysis of all samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis by the DiameterJ and OrientationJ plugins in ImageJ. Using linear regression analysis in JMP software, mandrel diameter was shown to be the dominant factor influencing fiber diameter, fiber fraction, and fiber alignment of samples at all tested conditions including increased rotational speed. Overall, these findings suggest that rather than increasing rotational speed of the collector, fiber alignment can be more finely tuned by increasing mandrel diameter.Graphical Abstract
Residual Microglia Following Short-term PLX5622 Treatment in 5xFAD Mice Exhibit Diminished NLRP3 Inflammasome and mTOR Signaling, and Enhanced Autophagy
Authors: Kodali Maheedhar , Madhu Leelavathi N. , Somayaji Yogish , Attaluri Sahithi , Huard Charles , Panda Prashanta Kumar , Shankar Goutham , Rao Shama , Shuai Bing , Gonzalez Jenny J. , Oake Chris , Hering Catherine , Babu Roshni Sara , Kotian Sanya , Shetty Ashok K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic neuroinflammation represents a prominent hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While moderately activated microglia are pivotal in clearing amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperactivated microglia perpetuate neuroinflammation. Prior investigations have indicated that the elimination of ∼80% of microglia through a month-long inhibition of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) during the advanced stage of neuroinflammation in 5xFamilial AD (5xFAD) mice mitigates synapse loss and neurodegeneration without impacting Aβ levels. Furthermore, prolonged CSF1R inhibition diminished the development of parenchymal plaques. Nonetheless, the immediate effects of short-term CSF1R inhibition during the early stages of neuroinflammation on residual microglial phenotype or metabolic fitness are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 10-day CSF1R inhibition in three-month-old female 5xFAD mice, a stage characterized by the onset of neuroinflammation and minimal Aβ plaques. We observed ∼65% microglia depletion in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The leftover microglia demonstrated a noninflammatory phenotype, with highly branched and ramified processes and reduced NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complexes. Moreover, plaque-associated microglia were reduced in number with diminished Clec7a (dectin-1) expression. Additionally, both microglia and neurons displayed reduced mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagy. Biochemical assays validated the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, decreased mTOR signaling, and enhanced autophagy. However, short-term CSF1R inhibition did not influence Aβ plaques, soluble Aβ-42 levels, or hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, short-term CSF1R inhibition during the early stages of neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice promotes the retention of homeostatic microglia with diminished inflammasome activation and mTOR signaling, alongside increased autophagy.
REM sleep quality is associated with balanced tonic activity of the locus coeruleus during wakefulness
Authors: Mortazavi Nasrin , Talwar Puneet , Koshmanova Ekaterina , Sharifpour Roya , Beckers Elise , Berger Alexandre , Campbell Islay , Paparella Ilenia , Balda Fermin , Dardour Hamzaoui Ismael , Berthomier Christian , Bastin Christine , Phillips Christophe , Maquet Pierre , Collette Fabienne , Zubkov Mikhail , Lamalle Laurent , Vandewalle Gilles 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnimal studies established that the locus coeruleus (LC) plays important roles in sleep and wakefulness regulation. Whether it contributes to sleep variability in humans is not yet established. Here, we investigated if thein vivoactivity of the LC is related to the variability in the quality of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep.MethodsWe assessed the LC activity of 34 healthy younger (∼22y) and 18 older (∼61y) individuals engaged in bottom-up and top-down cognitive tasks using 7-Tesla functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). We further recorded their sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) to evaluate associations between LC fMRI measures and REM sleep EEG metrics.ResultsTheta oscillation energy during REM sleep was positively associated with LC response in the top-down task. In contrast, REM sleep theta energy was negatively associated with LC activity in older individuals during the bottom-up task. Importantly, sigma oscillations power immediately preceding a REM sleep episode was positively associated with LC activity in the top-down task.ConclusionsLC activity during wakefulness was related to REM sleep intensity and to a transient EEG change preceding REM sleep, a feature causally related to LC activity in animal studies. The associations depend on the cognitive task, suggesting that a balanced level of LC tonic activity during wakefulness is required for optimal expression of REM sleep. The findings may have implications for the high prevalence of sleep complaints reported in aging and for disorders such as insomnia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease, for which the LC may play pivotal roles through sleep.
ExPOSE: A comprehensive toolkit to perform expansion microscopy in plant protoplast systems
Authors: Cox Kevin L. , Pardi Sarah A. , O’Connor Lily , Klebanovych Anastasiya , Huss David , Nusinow Dmitri A. , Meyers Blake C. , Czymmek Kirk J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) achieves nanoscale imaging by physical expansion of fixed biological tissues embedded in a swellable hydrogel, enhancing the resolution of any optical microscope several-fold. While ExM is commonly used in animal cells and tissues, there are few plant specific protocols. Protoplasts are a widely used cell system across plant species, especially in studying biomolecule localization. Here, we present an approach to achieve robust expansion of plant protoplasts, termedExpansion microscopy in plantPrOtoplastSystEms (ExPOSE). We demonstrate that coupling ExPOSE with other imaging techniques, immunofluorescence andin situhybridization chain reaction to visualize proteins and mRNAs, respectively, greatly enhances the spatial resolution of endogenous biomolecules. Additionally, in this study, we tested the effectiveness and versatility of this technique to observe biomolecular condensates inArabidopsisprotoplasts and transcription factors in maize protoplasts at increased resolution. ExPOSE can be relatively inexpensive, fast, and simple to implement.
Cerebellar output shapes cortical preparatory activity during motor adaptation
Authors: Israely Sharon , Ninou Hugo , Rajchert Ori , Elmaleh Lee , Harel Ran , Mawase Firas , Kadmon Jonathan , Prut Yifat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cerebellum plays a key role in motor adaptation by driving trial-to-trial recalibration of movements based on previous errors. In primates, this adaptive response is achieved by cerebellar modulation of motor cortical signals, but the nature and timing of this process are unknown. Specifically, cortical correlates of adaptation are encoded already in the pre-movement motor plan, but these early cortical signals could be driven by a cerebellar-to-cortical information flow or evolve independently through intracortical mechanisms. To address this question, we trained monkeys to reach against a viscous force field while blocking cerebellar outflow. During the force field trials, the cerebellar block led to impaired adaptation and a compensatory, re-aiming-like shift in motor cortical preparatory activity. In the null-field conditions, the cerebellar block altered neural preparatory activity by increasing task-representation dimensionality and impeding generalization. A computational model indicated that low-dimensional (cerebellar-like) feedback is sufficient to replicate these findings. We conclude that cerebellar signals carry task structure information that constrains the dimensionality of the cortical preparatory manifold and promotes generalization. In the absence of these signals, cortical mechanisms are harnessed to partially restore adaptation.
The efficacy of the Entomopathogenic Fungus,Beauveria bassiana, in Date Palm Protection against the Red Palm Weevil,Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus, Under Hot Dessert Climate
Authors: Aviv Omer Zer , Matveev Sabina , Ment Dana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Red Palm Weevil (RPW) is a devastating pest to palm trees. Commonly used insecticides for its control, can be harmful to the environment and humans. Moreover, some populations of the Red Palm Weevil have developed resistance to these compounds. Lab and semi-field data showed that Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can be a non-toxic and effective solution to reducing these pest infestations. However, the efficacy of EPF against the RPW has not been demonstrated in date palms on field trials with their variables. This study aims to examine the impact of various climate conditions the survival and efficacy of EPFBeauveria bassiana(B. bassiana) in prophylactic applications against the RPW in males and females Date palm groves cultivated using different agricultural practices. Healthy Date palms from the “Arava” region in Israel were selected and equipped with “IoTree” sensors to monitor RPW infestation. At the beginning of each season, the experimental group palms were treated withB. bassianaemulsions, while the control group was left untreated. Soil samples were gathered at the beginning and end of each season in both groves to quantify EPF survival rates and test their regression with EPF prophylactic treatments efficacy. Results showed significant effect for the season, on EPF treatments prophylactic efficacy, in the male and female groves. Generally, EPF treatments applied in the autumn season showed significant higher efficacy, while in the summer, the opposite results observed. Analysis of the results for males and females groves separately, displayed superiority for the spring season treatments on the males grove, and higher efficacy for autumn treatments on the females grove. Climate index significantly affects EPF treatment effectiveness. Analysis of soil tests at the end of each season revealed positive association between the number ofB. bassianafungus Colony-Forming units (CFUs) detected in the soil and the number of healthy palms within each group. Further research is needed to investigate the survival of EPF in various timeframes and explore diverse application schedules using larger palm samples to evaluate EPF efficacy against the RPW.
Marker Data Enhancement For Markerless Motion Capture
Authors: Falisse Antoine , Uhlrich Scott D. , Chaudhari Akshay S. , Hicks Jennifer L. , Delp Scott L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveHuman pose estimation models can measure movement from videos at a large scale and low cost; however, open-source pose estimation models typically detect only sparse keypoints, which leads to inaccurate joint kinematics. OpenCap, a freely available service for researchers to measure movement from videos, addresses this issue using a deep learning model— the marker enhancer—that transforms sparse keypoints into dense anatomical markers. However, OpenCap performs poorly on movements not included in the training data. Here, we create a much larger and more diverse training dataset and develop a more accurate and generalizable marker enhancer.MethodsWe compiled marker-based motion capture data from 1176 subjects and synthesized 1433 hours of keypoints and anatomical markers to train the marker enhancer. We evaluated its accuracy in computing kinematics using both benchmark movement videos and synthetic data representing unseen, diverse movements.ResultsThe marker enhancer improved kinematic accuracy on benchmark movements (mean error: 4.1°, max: 8.7°) compared to using video keypoints (mean: 9.6°, max: 43.1°) and OpenCap’s original enhancer (mean: 5.3°, max: 11.5°). It also better generalized to unseen, diverse movements (mean: 4.1°, max: 6.7°) than OpenCap’s original enhancer (mean: 40.4°, max: 252.0°).ConclusionOur marker enhancer demonstrates both accuracy and generalizability across diverse movements.SignificanceWe integrated the marker enhancer into OpenCap, thereby offering its thousands of users more accurate measurements across a broader range of movements.