bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of person‐centred care as an intervention in controlled trials – a systematic review
Authors: Olsson Lars‐Eric , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Swedberg Karl , Ekman Inger 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesTo identify person‐centred care as an intervention in controlled trials, where patients had been involved as a partner, and to describe the outcomes of these studies.BackgroundThe notion of person‐centred care asserts that patients are persons and partners in care and should not be reduced to their disease alone.DesignA systematic literature review.MethodSearches were undertaken in the databases PUBMED and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria were that person‐centred care as an intervention was described as a partnership between the caregiver and the patient, and that the studies were randomised controlled trials or quasi‐experimental designs. The studies were analysed based on methodology, context and type of intervention, outcomes and effects of the interventions. Eleven trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe studies were carried out in a variety of contexts with diverse outcomes. Person‐centred care as an intervention was shown to be successful in eight of the studies. The internal and external validity in the studies were generally good. However, as regards the precision of the studies there was a wide variation.ConclusionsThe value and efficacy of person‐centred care as an intervention have only been studied to a limited extent. Methodological problems in trial design and execution could account for the general lack of research on person‐centred care. Evidence that person‐centred care is effective is insufficient, more stringent studies are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results suggest that person‐centred care may lead to significant improvements, but the implementation and relevant effects needs to be assessed in more studies.
Sonic Hedgehog Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Normal and Regenerating Cavernous Nerves
Authors: Bond Christopher W. , Angeloni Nicholas , Harrington Daniel , Stupp Samuel , Podlasek Carol A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The cavernous nerve (CN) is commonly injured during prostatectomy. Manipulation of the nerve microenvironment is critical to improve regeneration and develop novel erectile dysfunction therapies. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) treatment promotes CN regeneration. The mechanism of how this occurs is unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) facilitates return of erectile function after CN injury and it has been suggested in cortical neurons and the sciatic nerve that BDNF may be a target of SHH.

Aim
To determine if SHH promotes CN regeneration through a BDNF-dependent mechanism.

Methods
Sprague Dawley rats underwent (i) bilateral CN crush (N = 15); (ii) SHH treatment of pelvic ganglia (PG)/CN (N = 10); (iii) SHH inhibition in PG/CN (N = 14 rats); (iv) CN crush with SHH treatment of PG/CN (N = 10 rats); (v) CN crush with SHH treatment and BDNF inhibition (N = 14 rats); and (vi) CN injury and SHH treatment of the penis (N = 23).

Main Outcome Measures
BDNF and glial fibrillary acidic protein were quantified in PG/CN by Western, and a t-test was used to determine differences.

Results
In normal rats SHH inhibition in the PG/CN decreased BDNF 34% and SHH treatment increased BDNF 36%. BDNF was increased 44% in response to SHH treatment of crushed CNs, and inhibition of BDNF in crushed CNs treated with SHH protein hampers regeneration.

Conclusions
SHH regulates BDNF in the normal and regenerating PG/CN. BDNF is part of the mechanism of how SHH promotes regeneration, thus providing an opportunity to further manipulate the nerve microenvironment with combination therapy to enhance regeneration.
Sexual dimorphism in locomotor performance and its relation to morphology in wall lizards (Podarcis bocagei)
Authors: Kaliontzopoulou A. , Bandeira V. , Carretero M. A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSexual dimorphism (SD) is the result of evolutionary pressures acting differentially on members of each sex. Investigating the association between SD observed in different sets of phenotypic traits, which are evolutionarily linked, can shed light on the mechanisms causing SD variation within and across species. Although the association between morphology and locomotor performance is a major paradigm in ecomorphology, substantially less effort has been dedicated to investigate the covariation between both sets of traits in the context of sexual divergence. Here, we investigated morphology and locomotor performance in wall lizards Podarcis bocagei to determine if locomotor SD exists in this species, as one may expect based on the morphological SD observed, and test whether both types of SD are directly associated. Our results indicate that significant morphological and locomotor SD exists in this species, reporting a significant locomotor SD for the first time in this genus of lizards. Our study also provides evidence that a direct association between morphology and performance exists at the individual level, binding together SD in both sets of traits. The observed patterns of SD suggest that male locomotor capacity and the corresponding morphological features are well suited for sprinting in level surfaces, but less so for other types of locomotion, potentially as a result of sexual selection acting on male locomotor performance through influences on territory defence and reproductive fitness.
Blogging, Time and Displacement
Authors: Trigg Stephanie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis essay examines the relationship between blogging and other ostensibly more “serious” forms of writing, such as academic work. It explores the behavioural patterns known as “displacement activity” to describe the relationship between different kinds of writerly activity; and discusses the potential of blogging to break down some of the conventions of formal academic writing. It discusses the author’s Humanities Researcher blog.
Why We Blog: An Essay in Four Movements
Authors: Steel Karl , Cohen Jeffrey Jerome , Hurley Mary Kate , Joy Eileen A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis essay comprises four parts, each by one of the co‐bloggers at In the Middle (http://www.inthemedievalmiddle.com). Karl Steel argues that the benefits of academic blogging outweigh its potential humiliations, and that academic conferences should post their papers publicly and allow for comments so that conferences, in a sense, never end. Graduate students and junior scholars should be encouraged to blog to help build a community and a trade in ideas, and to accustom them to the feelings of exposure and humiliation common to all writing, which will thereby train them to become more confident scholars. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen examines some of the difficulties posed by the age of e‐medieval: an internet culture of negativity. Blogging entails finding strategies for managing harsh or off topic comments, as well as for coping with unwanted attention. Drawing on the pedagogical distinction Nancy Sommers makes between process and product, Mary Kate Hurley examines the role blogs might play in creating a communal space in which to share unfinished ideas. Blogs might be an ideal medium for the process of thinking, rather than the finished work of having had thought. Eileen A. Joy argues there may be more value in thinking and “working through” our scholarship online, in an “open” environment that promotes and invites democratic, catholic, and convivial support, as well as the accidental tourist and silent voyuer, than there is in the traditional “finished product” of a journal article or book. It pleads, further, for a better awareness of the fact that intellectual property is always co‐extensive and communal.
Manipulating cellulose biosynthesis by expression of mutant Arabidopsis proM24::CESA3ixr1‐2 gene in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Sahoo Dipak K. , Stork Jozsef , DeBolt Seth , Maiti Indu B. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryManipulation of the cellulose biosynthetic machinery in plants has the potential to provide insight into plant growth, morphogenesis and to create modified cellulose for anthropogenic use. Evidence exists that cellulose microfibril structure and its recalcitrance to enzymatic digestion can ameliorated via mis‐sense mutation in the primary cell wall–specific gene AtCELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA)3. This mis‐sense mutation has been identified based on conferring drug resistance to the cellulose inhibitory herbicide isoxaben. To examine whether it would be possible to introduce mutant CESA alleles via a transgenic approach, we overexpressed a modified version of CESA3, AtCESA3ixr1‐2 derived from Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh into a different plant family, the Solanceae dicotyledon tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. variety Samsun NN). Specifically, a chimeric gene construct of CESA3ixr1‐2, codon optimized for tobacco, was placed between the heterologous M24 promoter and the rbcSE9 gene terminator. The results demonstrated that the tobacco plants expressing M24‐CESA3ixr1‐2 displayed isoxaben resistance, consistent with functionality of the mutated AtCESA3ixr1‐2 in tobacco. Secondly, during enzymatic saccharification, transgenic leaf‐ and stem‐derived cellulose is 54%–66% and 40%–51% more efficient, respectively, compared to the wild type, illustrating translational potential of modified CESA loci. Moreover, the introduction of M24‐AtCESA3ixr1‐2 caused aberrant spatial distribution of lignified secondary cell wall tissue and a reduction in the zone occupied by parenchyma cells.
Left‐Sided High‐Flow Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Fistula Combined with a Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Causing Coronary Sinus Dilatation
Authors: Wolf Michael , Scott Benjamin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe present an interesting case illustrating the possible hemodynamic consequences when a left‐sided arteriovenous hemodialysis fistula is combined with the congenital anomaly of a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). Our case illustrates the importance of an echocardiographic examination with attention to the coronary sinus (CS) caliber—raising suspicion of a PLSVC—in the assessment for the hemodialysis access in end‐stage renal disease patients. The causes and symptoms of CS dilatation, as well as the literature on PLSVC, are also discussed in detail.
Feeling Social Movements: Theoretical Contributions to Social Movement Research on Emotions
Authors: Ruiz‐Junco Natalia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRecent literature provides evidence that emotions are intrinsic to the constitution of social movements. The present review examines how scholars theorize emotions in their empirical studies and focuses on the following topics: emotion work, emotional framing, emotional cultures and emotional opportunity structures. The combination of several constructs in the analysis of emotions signals a shift toward integration of preexisting perspectives common in the field of social movements.
Temporal variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations in upland and lowland lakes in North Wales
Authors: Hughes D. D. , Holliman P. J. , Jones T. , Freeman C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOver a period of 18 months, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of a series of four lakes in North Wales was measured monthly. The lake catchment profiles consisted of an upland thin peat/soil (Llyn Cwellyn), an upland thin peat/soil associated with an adjacent area of small bog (Llyn Teyrn), an upland blanket bog (Llyn Conwy), and large lowland fen and fertile agricultural area (Llyn Cefni). The results examine the indirect effect of temperature and precipitation on the DOC concentrations found in the lakes fed by the catchments. The lowest DOC of the four sites was observed for Llyn Teyrn, varying from 1.2 to 3.30 mg/L, and with the highest being recorded for Llyn Cefni (5.45–10.83 mg/L). Temperature and rainfall data were both collected. Correlations with the DOC exhibited significant relationships with temperature for three of the sampled lakes Cwellyn (r 0.490), Teyrn (r 0.640) and Cefni (r 0.472). Recomputation versus 30‐ and 60‐day temperature lag times improved the correlation coefficients. The data showed weak and insignificant correlations for DOC versus rainfall for the three lakes, but the upland lake, Llyn Conwy, with its blanket bog catchment, did not demonstrate any statistical correlation with temperature, although it did show a significant correlation for DOC versus rainfall (r 0.553, P < 0.05). Over the sampling period, although tentative relationships were found among temperature, rainfall and DOC levels, an indirect association tempered by site hydrology is suggested.
Surveillance for Adverse Events following Immunization from 2008 to 2011 in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Hu Yu , Li Qian , Lin Luoya , Chen Enfu , Chen Yaping , Qi Xiaohua 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
This study summarizes passive surveillance data for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) reported to the National AEFI Surveillance System (NASS) in Zhejiang province and describes reporting trends from 2008 to 2011. AEFI reporting rates were calculated using denominator data from the Individual Immunization Information System and the Zhejiang provincial Bureau of Statistics. A total of 6,265 AEFI records were reported; the overall reporting rate was 9.2 per 100,000 doses. There were two peaks of reporting rates, which were associated mainly with the introduction of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine (pH1N1) in 2009 and the measles-mumps vaccine (MM) campaign in 2010. The majority of the AEFI described nonserious events. Fifteen deaths were recorded, but only one was possibly related to immunization. The most frequently reported reactions were fever and injection site reaction. Vaccines distributed in Zhejiang province have proven to be generally safe. The data on AEFI surveillance provide a reference point for ongoing reporting of trends and illustrate the value of the NASS database as a surveillance tool for monitoring of AEFI.
Susceptibility of Domestic Cats to Chronic Wasting Disease
Authors: Mathiason Candace K. , Nalls Amy V. , Seelig Davis M. , Kraft Susan L. , Carnes Kevin , Anderson Kelly R. , Hayes-Klug Jeanette , Hoover Edward A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Domestic and nondomestic cats have been shown to be susceptible to feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE), almost certainly caused by consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-contaminated meat. Because domestic and free-ranging nondomestic felids scavenge cervid carcasses, including those in areas affected by chronic wasting disease (CWD), we evaluated the susceptibility of the domestic cat (
Felis catus
) to CWD infection experimentally. Cohorts of 5 cats each were inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) or orally (p.o.) with CWD-infected deer brain. At 40 and 42 months postinoculation, two i.c.-inoculated cats developed signs consistent with prion disease, including a stilted gait, weight loss, anorexia, polydipsia, patterned motor behaviors, head and tail tremors, and ataxia, and the cats progressed to terminal disease within 5 months. Brains from these two cats were pooled and inoculated into cohorts of cats by the i.c., p.o., and intraperitoneal and subcutaneous (i.p./s.c.) routes. Upon subpassage, feline CWD was transmitted to all i.c.-inoculated cats with a decreased incubation period of 23 to 27 months. Feline-adapted CWD (Fel
CWD
) was demonstrated in the brains of all of the affected cats by Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormalities in clinically ill cats, which included multifocal T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal hyperintensities, ventricular size increases, prominent sulci, and white matter tract cavitation. Currently, 3 of 4 i.p./s.c.- and 2 of 4 p.o. secondary passage-inoculated cats have developed abnormal behavior patterns consistent with the early stage of feline CWD. These results demonstrate that CWD can be transmitted and adapted to the domestic cat, thus raising the issue of potential cervid-to-feline transmission in nature.
Infiltrating Macrophages Are Key to the Development of Seizures following Virus Infection
Authors: Cusick Matthew F. , Libbey Jane E. , Patel Dipan C. , Doty Daniel J. , Fujinami Robert S. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTViral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can trigger an antiviral immune response, which initiates an inflammatory cascade to control viral replication and dissemination. The extent of the proinflammatory response in the CNS and the timing of the release of proinflammatory cytokines can lead to neuronal excitability. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), two proinflammatory cytokines, have been linked to the development of acute seizures in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced encephalitis. It is unclear the extent to which the infiltrating macrophages versus resident CNS cells, such as microglia, contribute to acute seizures, as both cell types produce TNF-α and IL-6. In this study, we show that following infection a significantly higher number of microglia produced TNF-α than did infiltrating macrophages. In contrast, infiltrating macrophages produced significantly more IL-6. Mice treated with minocycline or wogonin, both of which limit infiltration of immune cells into the CNS and their activation, had significantly fewer macrophages infiltrating the brain, and significantly fewer mice had seizures. Therefore, our studies implicate infiltrating macrophages as an important source of IL-6 that contributes to the development of acute seizures.
Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for diagnosis of ankle syndesmosis injury: a systematic review
Authors: Sman Amy D , Hiller Claire E , Refshauge Kathryn M 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the value of clinical tests for accurate diagnosis of ankle syndesmosis injury.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesAn electronic database search was conducted (to 6 August 2012) of databases such as: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Databases. References from identified articles were examined and seven authors of eligible studies were contacted for additional information.Study selectionStudies of any design, without language restriction, were included; however, systematic reviews were excluded. Eligible studies included participants with a suspected ankle syndesmosis injury but without fracture. Reliability studies compared one or more clinical tests and studies of test accuracy compared the clinical test with a reference standard.ResultsThe database search resulted in 114 full text articles which were assessed for eligibility. Three studies were included in the review and raw data of these studies were retrieved after contacting the authors. Eight clinical diagnostic tests were investigated; palpation of the tibiofibular ligaments, external rotation stress test, squeeze, Cotton, fibula translation, dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and anterior drawer tests. Two studies investigated diagnostic accuracy and both investigated the squeeze test by with conflicting results. Likelihood ratios (LR) ranging from LR+1.50 to LR−1.50 were found for other tests. High intra-rater reliability was found for the squeeze, Cotton, dorsiflexion ROM and external rotation tests (83–100% close agreement). Inter-rater reliability was good for the external rotation test (ICC2,1>0.70). Fair-to-poor reliability was found for other tests.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review to investigate the reliability and accuracy of clinical tests for the diagnosis of ankle syndesmosis injury. Few studies were identified and our findings show that clinicians cannot rely on a single test to identify ankle syndesmosis injury with certainty. Additional diagnostic tests, such as MRI, should be considered before making a final diagnosis of syndesmosis injury.
Educational inequalities in cancer survival: a role for comorbidities and health behaviours?
Authors: Aarts Mieke J , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Louwman Marieke J , Coebergh Jan Willem W , Mackenbach Johan P , van Lenthe Frank J 
Published: December 2012

AimTo describe educational inequalities in cancer survival and to what extent these can be explained by comorbidity and health behaviours (smoking, physical activity and alcohol consumption).MethodsThe GLOBE study sent postal questionnaires to individuals in The Netherlands in 1991 resulting in 18 973 respondents (response 70%). Questions were asked on education, health and health-related behaviours. Participants were linked for cancer diagnosis (1991–2008), comorbidity and survival (up to 2010) with the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry; 1127 tumours were included in the analyses.Results5-year crude survival was best in highly educated patients as compared with low educated patients for all cancers combined: 49% versus 32% in male subjects (log rank: p<0.0001), 65% versus 49% in female subjects (p=0.0001). Compared with highly educated, low educated prostate cancer patients had an increased risk of death (HR 2.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 5.1), adjusted for age, stage and year). No or inconsistent associations between educational level and risk of death were seen in multivariable analyses for breast, colon and non-small cell lung cancer. Although survival in prostate cancer patients was affected by comorbidities (HR2_vs_0_comorbidities: 2.6 (1.5 to 4.4)), physical activity (HRno/little_vs__moderate_physical__activity: 2.0 (1.2 to 3.4)) and smoking (HRcurrent_vs_never_smokers: 2.6 (1.0–6.8)), these did not contribute to educational inequalities in prostate cancer survival (HRlow_vs_high_education: 3.1 (1.6 to 5.8) with adjustment for comorbidity and lifestyle).ConclusionsCompared with low educated, highly educated prostate cancer patients had better survival. Although presence of comorbidities, physical activity levels and smoking status affected survival from prostate cancer, these did not contribute to educational inequalities in survival. The role of other factors for inequalities in cancer survival needs to be explored.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaque and contrast-enhanced MRI in a swine model
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Bing , Yuan Wei-Si , Wang Jin-Shan , Liu Zhong , Liu Dong-Hong , Shi Zhong-Song 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundA swine model of carotid atherosclerosis may greatly facilitate the identification of imaging characteristics of vulnerable plaques and the preclinical evaluation of endovascular intervention. In this study we assess the association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and neovascularity in carotid atherosclerotic plaques with MRI patterns in a swine model.MethodsCarotid atherosclerosis models were created in miniswine using a combination of partial ligation and a high cholesterol diet. The animals were imaged in a 1.5 T MR scanner at 3 months and carotid arteries were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) was used to match the histology findings. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the plaques on T1WI and contrast-enhanced T1WI were measured and the association of MMP-9 expression and neovascularity in the carotid plaque with CNR on MRI was analyzed.ResultForty carotid artery segments were matched between MRI and histology. All segments were advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The matched contrast-enhanced T1WI and histology slices showed good correlation for ratio of plaque size to lumen diameter (r=0.94, p<0.001). Plaque CNR on contrast-enhanced T1WI was higher in plaques with strong MMP-9 expression than in those with weak MMP-9 expression (p=0.05). Plaque CNR on contrast-enhanced T1WI was also higher in plaques with marked neovascularization than in those without (p=0.02).ConclusionsIncreased plaque CNR on contrast-enhanced T1WI is associated with MMP-9 expression and neovascularization in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and may be used to identify vulnerable plaques.