bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of α‐Acetoxyimino Aldehydes and its Application in the Synthesis of Substituted 1,2‐Oxazine Derivatives
Authors: Yasui Yusuke , Ogata Kento , Sato Itaru , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe have developed an asymmetric cross‐aldol reaction of α‐acetoxyimino aldehydes with aldehyde pro‐nucleophiles, catalyzed by proline, to afford γ‐acetoxyimino‐β‐hydroxy aldehydes in good yield with excellent enantioselectivity. The obtained aldol products have been successfully converted to 1,2‐oxazines with four contiguous chiral centers in excellent diastereoselectivity in one‐pot via sequential reactions such as deacetylation, oxy‐Michael reaction and reduction.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Isatins with Alkynoates: Access to C‐2 Olefination of Isatins
Authors: Wang Lei , Du Zhiyun , Peng Shiyong , Zhang Kun , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of isatins and alkynoates has been developed with silver acetate (AgOAc) as the additive. The palladium/silver catalytic system is applicable to a broad range of isatins and alkynoates, which provides a novel access to various C‐2 olefinated 3‐oxindoles in moderate to high yields (50–84%).magnified image
Direct Oxidative Coupling of N‐Acetyl Indoles and Phenols for the Synthesis of Benzofuroindolines Related to Phalarine
Authors: Tomakinian Terry , Guillot Régis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Vincent Guillaume 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInspired by the biogenetic synthesis of benzofuroindoline‐containing natural products, we designed an oxidative coupling between phenol and N‐acetyl indoles. This straightforward and direct radical process, mediated by 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone and FeCl3 allowed the regioselective synthesis of benzofuro[3,2‐b]indolines, whose structure is found in the natural product phalarine.
Enhancement of Solar Hydrogen Evolution from Water by Surface Modification with CdS and TiO2 on Porous CuInS2 Photocathodes Prepared by an Electrodeposition–Sulfurization Method
Authors: Zhao Jiao , Minegishi Tsutomu , Zhang Li , Zhong Miao , Gunawan  , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Ma Guijun , Hisatomi Takashi , Katayama Masao , Ikeda Shigeru , Shibata Naoya , Yamada Taro , Domen Kazunari 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPorous films of p‐type CuInS2, prepared by sulfurization of electrodeposited metals, are surface‐modified with thin layers of CdS and TiO2. This specific porous electrode evolved H2 from photoelectrochemical water reduction under simulated sunlight. Modification with thin n‐type CdS and TiO2 layers significantly increased the cathodic photocurrent and onset potential through the formation of a p–n junction on the surface. The modified photocathodes showed a relatively high efficiency and stable H2 production under the present reaction conditions.
Anion‐Binding Catalysis by Electron‐Deficient Pyridinium Cations
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht , Das Somnath , Pekel Daniel , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new activation principle in organocatalysis is presented: halide binding through Coulombic interactions. This mode of catalysis was realized by using 3,5‐di(carbomethoxy)pyridinium ions that carry an additional electron‐withdrawing substituent on the nitrogen atom, for example, pentafluorobenzyl or cyanomethyl. For the N‐pentafluorobenzyl derivative, Coulombic interaction with the pyridinium moiety is complemented in the solid state by anion–π interactions with the perfluorophenyl ring. Bromide and chloride are bound by these cations in a 1:1 stoichiometry. Catalysis of the CC coupling between 1‐chloroisochroman (and related electrophiles) with silyl ketene acetals occurs at −78 °C and at low catalyst loading (2 mol %).
Aerogel of nitrate glycerol ether cellulose based on phase separation in acetone/ethanol mixed solvents system
Authors: Zhang Yunhua , Shao Ziqiang , Li Jia , Gao Kezheng , Liu Yanhua 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTNitrate glycerol ether cellulose (NGEC) alcogels are formed in the ternary NGEC/acetone/ethanol system. NGEC aerogels are prepared from NGEC alcogels after solvent exchange and drying under supercritical CO2 (scCO2). The aerogels are prepared with various densities and porosities, relating directly to the initial ethanol content. NGEC aerogels had surface areas of up to 183 m2 g−1 and large mesopore volumes with a combination of large macropore volumes and a wide range of mesopore sizes. The aerogels with larger pore size distribution range, average pore diameter, and mesopore and macropore volume were obtained from system with higher ethanol content. The aerogels were further characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the NGEC aerogels clearly retained the crystalline structure from NGEC. Compared with NGEC powders, the thermal decomposition of NGEC aerogel is accelerated and this process becomes more acute. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41405.
Muscles of Chondrichthyan Paired Appendages: Comparison With Osteichthyans, Deconstruction of the Fore–Hindlimb Serial Homology Dogma, and New Insights on the Evolution of the Vertebrate Neck
Authors: Diogo R. , Ziermann J.M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTHere we present the first study comparing all the paired appendages muscles of representatives of each major extant gnathostome group. We address a crucial and enigmatic question in evolutionary and comparative anatomy: Why are the pelvic and pectoral appendages of gnathostomes, and particularly of tetrapods, in general so similar to each other? We argue that an integrative analysis of the new myological data and the information from the literature contradicts the idea that the forelimbs and hindlimbs are serial homologues. The data show that many of the strikingly similar fore‐ and hindlimb muscles of extant tetrapods evolved independently in each appendage because the ancestors of extant gnathostomes and osteichthyans only had an adductor and an abductor in each fin. Therefore, these data contradict the idea that at least some muscles present in the tetrapod fore‐ and hindlimbs were already present in some form in the first fishes with pectoral and pelvic appendages, as the result of an ancestral duplication of the paired appendages leading to a true serial homology. The origin of the pectoral girdle was instead likely related to head evolution, as illustrated by the cucullaris of gnathostomes such as chondrichthyans inserting onto both the branchial arches and pectoral girdle. Only later in evolution the cucullaris became differentiated into the levatores arcuum branchialium and protractor pectoralis, which gave rise to the amniote neck muscles trapezius and sternocleidomastoideus. These changes therefore contributed to an evolutionary trend toward a greater anatomical and functional independence of the pectoral girdle from head movements. Anat Rec, 298:513–530, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The protective effects of Acanthus ilicifolius alkaloid A and its derivatives on pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in rats with hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Wai Kyi Kyi , Liang Yinge , Zhou Lijuan , Cai Liping , Liang Chunhong , Liu Lin , Lin Xing , Wu Huahui , Lin Jun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Acanthus ilicifolius alkaloid A [4‐hydroxy‐2‐benzoxazolone (HBOA)] and its acetylated derivatives including 4‐acetoxy‐2‐benzoxazolone (TC‐2) and 3‐acetyl‐4‐acetoxy‐2‐benzoxazolone (TC‐3) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were given CCl4 twice per week for 8 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. Then, they were treated with HBOA, TC‐2, and TC‐3 daily for 4 weeks, respectively. The serum indicators including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), globulin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and laminin (LN) were measured by commercial kits. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) was determined by reverse‐transcriptase ‐PCR. The proteins of adiponectin, TGF‐β1, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and TLR4 were also detected by the immunohistochemical assay. The results showed that HBOA, TC‐2, and TC‐3 significantly attenuated the fibrotic degree induced by CCl4 as evidenced by higher levels of TP, Alb, adiponectin, and PPAR‐γ, which in turn decreased the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, those drugs markedly decreased the levels of HA, LN, TNF‐α, IL‐6, TGF‐β1, α‐SMA, and TLR4. Our study indicates that HBOA, TC‐2, and TC‐3 have beneficial effects against liver fibrosis, and the mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response.
How do environmental factors influence life cycles and development? An experimental framework for early‐diverging metazoans
Authors: Bosch Thomas C. G. , Adamska Maja , Augustin René , Domazet‐Loso Tomislav , Foret Sylvain , Fraune Sebastian , Funayama Noriko , Grasis Juris , Hamada Mayuko , Hatta Masayuki , Hobmayer Bert , Kawai Kotoe , Klimovich Alexander , Manuel Michael , Shinzato Chuya , Technau Uli , Yum Seungshic , Miller David J. 
Published: September 2014

Ecological developmental biology (eco‐devo) explores the mechanistic relationships between the processes of individual development and environmental factors. Recent studies imply that some of these relationships have deep evolutionary origins, and may even pre‐date the divergences of the simplest extant animals, including cnidarians and sponges. Development of these early diverging metazoans is often sensitive to environmental factors, and these interactions occur in the context of conserved signaling pathways and mechanisms of tissue homeostasis whose detailed molecular logic remain elusive. Efficient methods for transgenesis in cnidarians together with the ease of experimental manipulation in cnidarians and sponges make them ideal models for understanding causal relationships between environmental factors and developmental mechanisms. Here, we identify major questions at the interface between animal evolution and development and outline a road map for research aimed at identifying the mechanisms that link environmental factors to developmental mechanisms in early diverging metazoans.Also watch the Video Abstract.
Photo and thermoluminescence of KMgSO4F: Ce and :Mn phosphors
Authors: Poddar Anuradha , Gedam S. C. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractKMgSO4F:Ce and KMgSO4F:Mn phosphors were prepared by a wet chemical method and studied for their photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. PL emission of KMgSO4F:Ce peaked at around 440 nm for the excitation at 377 nm due to 5d → 4f transition, while KMgSO4F:Mn had a peak at 540 nm for an excitation at 363 nm and 247 nm due to 4T1g → 6A1g transition. The phosphors also showed good thermoluminescence characteristics when they were exposed to γ‐rays at a 5 Gy dose at the rate of 0.36 kGyh−1. KMgSO4F:Ce exhibited a single thermoluminescence (TL) peak at around 167 °C and KMgSO4F:Mn also exhibited a single TL peak at around 177 °C. Possible trapping parameters such as order of kinetics (b), the geometrical factor (μg), the frequency factor (s) and the activation energy were also evaluated by Chen's half width method. This article discusses fundamental PL and TL characteristics in inorganic fluoride material activated by Ce3+ and Mn2+ ions and prepared by a wet chemical method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of FDG‐PET imaging as a prognostic marker of outcome in primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Nagle Sarah J. , Chong Elise A. , Chekol Seble , Shah Nirav N. , Nasta Sunita D. , Glatstein Eli , Plastaras John P. , Torigian Drew A. , Schuster Stephen J. , Svoboda Jakub 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrimary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that arises in the mediastinum from B‐cells of thymic origin. Optimal management of patients with PMBL remains controversial. The present study evaluates outcomes of 27 PMBL patients treated with R‐CHOP with or without radiation therapy (RT). It investigates the role of both interim and posttreatment fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) as prognostic markers of outcome. Additionally, it assesses postprogression therapies in the six patients who had progressive disease. At a median follow‐up of 41.5 months (range: 6.1–147.2 months), OS was 95.5% (95% CI = 71.9–99.4) and progression‐free survival (PFS) was 70.4% (95% CI = 49.4–83.9) for the entire cohort. The negative predictive values of interim and posttreatment FDG‐PET scans were both 100%. Patients who failed initial therapy and were treated with salvage regimens and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) all achieved and maintained CR. PMBL patients can achieve excellent outcomes with minimal toxicities when treated with R‐CHOP with or without RT. Negative interim and negative posttreatment FDG‐PET results identified PMBL patients who achieve long‐term remission. However, the significance of both positive interim and positive posttreatment FDG‐PET results needs to be better defined. Those who failed initial therapy were successfully treated with salvage regimens and ASCT.
Can we predict postprocedural paravalvular leak after Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter aortic valve implantation?
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Lefèvre Thierry , Arai Takahide , Hayashida Kentaro , Bouvier Erik , Hovasse Thomas , Romano Mauro , Chevalier Bernard , Garot Philippe , Donzeau‐Gouge Patrick , Farge Arnaud , Cormier Bertrand , Morice Marie‐Claude 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundPostprocedural paravalvular leak (PVL) ≥ 2 has been shown to be associated with worse outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study sought to identify predictive factors of postprocedural PVL ≥ 2 after TAVI with the Edwards valve.Methods and ResultsA total of 176 patients with Edwards TAVI (aged 83.4 ± 7.4 years, Logistic EuroSCORE [the Logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation] 18.8 ± 12.0, transfemoral 54.5%) who had preprocedural multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) were studied. A PVL ≥ 2 was observed in 12.5% of cases. By multivariate analysis, only the valve calcification index (VCI) defined as aortic root calcification volume/body surface area (odds ratio [OR] = 1.002, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001–1.004, P = 0.006) and the valve diameter/the calculated average annulus diameter (CAAD) by MDCT (OR = 0.683, 95% CI = 0.474–0.984, P = 0.041) were identified as independent predictors of postprocedural PVL ≥ 2. A score predicting postprocedural PVL ≥ 2 (PVL score) was determined by allotting one point when the valve diameter/CAAD ratio was <1.055 and one point when VCI was >418.4 mm3/m2, and summing all points accrued. Area under receiver‐operator characteristic curves of PVL score was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.59–0.83, P < 0.01). The incidence of PVL ≥ 2 was 5.3% in patients with a PVL score of 0, 11.8% for a PVL score of 1 and 37.5% for a PVL score of 2.ConclusionsThe only predictors of PVL ≥ 2 after Edwards valve implantation are the valve diameter/CAAD and VCI. The PVL score could prove to be an excellent tool for predicting the risk of PVL. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coal Oxidation under Mild Conditions: Current Status and Applications
Authors: Yu Jianglong , Jiang Yu , Tahmasebi Arash , Han Yanna , Li Xianchun , Lucas John , Wall Terry 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA comprehensive overview of coal oxidation methods under mild conditions is provided, including oxidation with oxygen, ozone, ruthenium ion catalysis, oxidizing acid, electrolysis, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide. The changes in chemical structure of coal during oxidation, the mechanism of different types of oxidation methods, and the possible applications of oxidation products are summarized. Comparison of these oxidation methods demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite oxidation of coal under mild conditions are the most suitable methods to study the molecular structure of coal and to obtain high‐value organic chemicals. Applications of different analytical techniques for determination and quantification of products and coal structures are also reviewed.
Controlling the Size and Morphology of Supramolecular Assemblies of Viologen–Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands
Authors: Kashapov Ruslan R. , Kharlamov Sergey V. , Sultanova Elza D. , Mukhitova Rezeda K. , Kudryashova Yuliana R. , Zakharova Lucia Y. , Ziganshina Albina Y. , Konovalov Alexander I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA novel class of self‐assembling nanoparticles is formed with viologen–resorcin[4]arene cavitands; the association model is strongly controlled by their hydrophobicity. Interestingly, the cavitand assemblies are designed through click chemistry to form self‐assembled noncovalently connected aggregates through counterion displacement. The iodide and benzoate ions are utilized as strongly polarizable counterions to induce cavitand self‐assembly. The counterion‐mediated decrease in hydrophilicity of the viologen–resorcin[4]arenes is the underlying trigger to induce particle formation. These particles can be used as nanocontainers and find their applications in delivery systems.
A Computational Study on a Strategy for Isolating a Stable Cyclopentadienyl Cation
Authors: Iversen Kalon J. , Wilson David J. D. , Dutton Jason L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA computational study has been carried out to examine the feasibility of generating a simple monocyclic cyclopentadienyl cation that may be sufficiently stable to isolate and handle at ambient temperatures. Using judicious placement of electron‐withdrawing groups (CF3) about the ring we have identified a derivative that may approach the stability of isolobal (and isolatable) borole rings, as evaluated by HOMO–LUMO and singlet–triplet gaps. These Cp+ derivatives may therefore be an attractive target for synthetic isolation.
Modeling the Interaction between Dendrimers and Nucleic Acids: a Molecular Perspective through Hierarchical Scales
Authors: Pavan Giovanni M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCationic dendrimers are promising nanocarriers for gene delivery thanks to their ability to establish strong interactions with oppositely charged strands of DNA and siRNA and to promote their aggregation. The binding between dendrimers and nucleic acids is typically a complex process that involves various types of interactions at different scales. To design efficient dendrimer candidates for DNA and siRNA binding it is necessary to have a detailed understanding of their interactions with oligonucleotides in the solvent. Molecular simulation can support experimental work, providing a privileged point of view on the aggregation process. This Minireview discusses recent computational efforts to unravel dendrimer–oligonucleotide binding, and proposes a perspective of the multiscale aggregation process based on hierarchy and on the transformations of the interacting “molecular units” following intermolecular interactions.
Dyadic psychosocial intervention for advanced lung cancer patients and their family caregivers: Results of a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Badr Hoda , Smith Cardinale B. , Goldstein Nathan E. , Gomez Jorge E. , Redd William H. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDAdvanced lung cancer (LC) patients and their families have reported low self‐efficacy for self‐care/caregiving and high rates of distress, yet few programs exist to address their supportive care needs during treatment. This pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 6‐session, telephone‐based dyadic psychosocial intervention that was developed for advanced LC patients and their caregivers. The program was grounded in self‐determination theory (SDT), which emphasizes the importance of competence (self‐efficacy), autonomy (sense of choice/volition), and relatedness (sense of belonging/connection) for psychological functioning. The primary outcomes were patient and caregiver psychological functioning (depression/anxiety) and caregiver burden. The secondary outcomes were the SDT constructs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness.METHODSThirty‐nine advanced LC patients who were within 1 month of treatment initiation (baseline) and their caregivers (51% spouses/partners) completed surveys and were randomized to the intervention or usual medical care. Eight weeks after baseline, they completed follow‐up surveys.RESULTSSolid recruitment (60%) and low attrition rates demonstrated feasibility. Strong program evaluations (mean, 8.6/10) and homework completion rates (88%) supported acceptability. Participants receiving the intervention evidenced significant improvements (P < .0001) in depression, anxiety, and caregiver burden in comparison with usual medical care. Large effect sizes (d ≥ 1.2) favoring the intervention were also found for patient and caregiver competence and relatedness and for caregiver autonomous motivation for providing care.CONCLUSIONThese findings support intervention feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. By empowering families with the skills to coordinate care and meet the challenges of LC together, this intervention holds great promise for improving palliative/supportive care services in cancer. Cancer 2015;121:150–158. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of psychiatric medication use among nationally representative long‐term cancer survivors and controls
Authors: Braun Ilana M. , Rao Sowmya R. , Meyer Fremonta L. , Fedele Giuseppe 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDInvestigations of long‐term cancer survivors (LTCS) indicate that this population is not appreciably different from cancer‐naive peers with respect to several neuropsychiatric domains. The current study sought to determine whether differences in psychiatric medication use might help to explain the negative findings.METHODSIn a nationally representative sample, 5692 subjects were queried for cancer history, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychotropic medication use. The LTCS were defined as those individuals who were ≥5 years from diagnosis and whose cancer was in remission or cured. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained from multivariable logistic regression models evaluating the relationship between cancer status and use of psychiatric medications. The interaction between case/control status and psychiatric diagnoses was also tested in a logistic regression model to predict psychotropic medication use.RESULTSA total of 225 participants met the criteria for LTCS and 3953 met the criteria for cancer‐naive controls (CNC). The LTCS were no more likely than CNC to carry a psychiatric diagnosis. Despite the LTCS reporting somewhat greater psychotropic medication use compared with the CNC (28.8% vs 22.3%), unadjusted and adjusted differences did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to sample size. The interaction between case/control status and carrying a psychiatric diagnosis was not found to be significantly associated with receiving a psychiatric medication.CONCLUSIONSLTCS and CNC demonstrated comparable rates of psychiatric prescription medication use. The relationship between taking a psychiatric medication and carrying a psychiatric diagnosis was not found to be significantly different between the case and control groups. These findings contribute to an emerging hypothesis that in general LTCS are not a particularly psychiatrically vulnerable group. Cancer 2015;121:132–138. © 2014 American Cancer Society.