bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Associated Antigen Burden Correlates with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Benefit in Tumors with Low Levels of T-cell Exhaustion
Authors: Wang Yue , Hu Mengying , Finn Olivera J. , Wang Xiao-Song 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are important targets for cancer vaccines. However, TAA-based vaccines have not yet achieved their full potential in clinical trials. In contrast, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as an effective therapy, leading to durable responses in selected patients with cancer. To date, few generalizable associations between TAAs and ICB benefit have been reported, with most studies focusing on melanoma, which has the highest mutation rate in cancer. In this study, we developed a TAA burden (TAB) algorithm based on known and putative TAAs and investigated the association of TAB with ICB benefit. Analysis of the IMvigor210 patient cohort of urothelial carcinoma treated with anti-PDL1 revealed that high tumor mutation burden weakened the association of TAB with ICB benefit. Furthermore, TAB correlated with ICB efficacy in tumors characterized by negative PDL1 staining on immune cells; however, high levels of PDL1 staining on immune cells were linked to T-cell exhaustion. Validation across independent clinical datasets—including urothelial carcinoma cohorts treated with anti-PD1/PDL1 agents and neoadjuvant anti-PD1 trials for head and neck cancers—corroborated the finding that TAB correlates with ICB benefit in tumors with low T-cell exhaustion. Pan-cancer analyses revealed that in most cancer entities, tumors with higher T-cell exhaustion exhibited lower TAB levels, implying possible immunoediting of TAAs in tumors with established antitumor immunity. Our study challenges the prevailing notion of a lack of association between TAAs and ICB response. It also underscores the need for future investigations into the immunogenicity of TAAs and TAA-based vaccine strategies in tumors with low levels of T-cell exhaustion.
Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Decreases With Higher Blood Pressure: A 7T DCE-MRI Study
Authors: van den Kerkhof Marieke , de Jong Joost J.A. , Voorter Paulien H.M. , Postma Alida A. , Kroon Abraham A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Jansen Jacobus F.A. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is presumed to be impaired in hypertension, resulting from cerebral endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension precedes various cerebrovascular diseases, such as cerebral small vessel disease, and is a risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases for which BBB disruption is a preceding pathophysiological process. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relation between hypertension, current blood pressure, and BBB leakage in human subjects.

METHODS:
BBB leakage was determined in 22 patients with hypertension and 19 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls (median age [range], 65 [45–80] years; 19 men) using a sparsely time-sampled contrast-enhanced 7T magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Structural cerebral small vessel disease markers were visually rated. Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and cerebral small vessel disease markers, were performed to determine the relation between hypertension status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, drug treatment, and BBB leakage.

RESULTS:
Both hypertensive and normotensive participants showed mild scores of cerebral small vessel disease. BBB leakage did not differ between hypertensive and normotensive participants; however, it was significantly higher for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure in the cortex, and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the gray matter. Effectively treated patients showed less BBB leakage than those with current hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:
BBB integrity in the total and cortical gray matter decreases with increasing blood pressure but is not related to hypertension status. These findings show that BBB disruption already occurs with increasing blood pressure, before the presence of overt cerebral tissue damage. Additionally, our results suggest that effective antihypertensive medication has a protective effect on the BBB.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://trialsearch.who.int/
; Unique identifier: NL7537.
Home Blood Pressure Variability Risk Prediction Score for Cardiovascular Disease Using Data From the J-HOP Study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Kanegae Hiroshi , Okawara Yukie , Tomitani Naoko , Hoshide Satoshi 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Home blood pressure (BP) is more closely associated with cardiovascular event risk than office BP, but cardiovascular risk prediction based on home BP variability is lacking. This study developed a simple cardiovascular event prediction score, including home BP variability data, from the J-HOP study (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure).

METHODS:
The J-HOP study extended follow-up from December 2017 to May 2018 generated the study data set (4231 patients). Cardiovascular events included fatal/nonfatal stroke (n=94), coronary heart disease (n=124), heart failure (n=42), and aortic dissection (n=8). Cox proportional hazards models were used to predict overall cardiovascular risk. Potential covariates included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes, statin use, history of cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, office systolic BP (SBP), mean of morning-evening average (MEave), home SBP, and average real variability of MEave home SBP. A risk score and models were constructed, and model performance was assessed.

RESULTS:
Model performance was best when average real variability of MEave SBP was included (C statistic, 0.760). The risk score assigns points for age (5-year bands), sex, cardiovascular disease history, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean MEave home SBP, and average real variability of MEave home SBP. Estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk ranged from ≤0.6% (score ≤0) to >32% (score ≥26). Calibration 2 statistics values for the model (2.66) and risk score (5.29) indicated excellent goodness of fit.

CONCLUSIONS:
This simple cardiovascular disease prediction algorithm, including day-by-day home BP variability, could be used as part of a home BP–centered approach to hypertension management in clinical practice.
Elevated Risk of Stroke in Young Adults After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Study of 1 Million Individuals
Authors: Choi Yoonjeong , Jeon Jooeun , Ha Eun Jin , Kim Chi Kyung , Seo Han Gil , Oh Byung‐Mo , Leigh Ja‐Ho 
Published: August 2024

Background
Although stroke is commonly perceived as occurring in older adults, traumatic brain injury, one of the risk factors for stroke, is a leading cause of death in the younger adults. This study evaluated stroke risk in young‐to‐middle‐aged adults based on traumatic brain injury severity and stroke subtypes.

Methods and Results

For this retrospective, population‐based, cohort study, data of adults aged 18 to 49 years who were diagnosed with traumatic brain injury were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2010 and 2017. Traumatic brain injury history was measured based on the
International Classification of Diseases
,
Tenth Revision (ICD‐10)
, codes. Posttraumatic brain injury stroke risk was analyzed using a time‐dependent Cox regression model. At baseline, 518423 patients with traumatic brain injury and 518 423 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included. The stroke incidence rate per 1000 person‐years was 3.82 in patients with traumatic brain injury and 1.61 in controls. Stroke risk was approximately 1.89 times as high in patients with traumatic brain injury (hazard ratio, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.84–1.95]). After excluding stroke cases that occurred within 12 months following traumatic brain injury, these significant associations remained. In the subgroup analysis, patients with brain injury other than concussion had an approximately 9.34‐fold risk of intracerebral hemorrhage than did the controls.

Conclusions
Stroke prevention should be a priority even in young‐to‐middle‐aged adult patients with traumatic brain injury. Managing stroke risk factors through regular health checkups and modifying health‐related behaviors is necessary to prevent stroke.
Participating in Polycentric Climate Governance: The Partnership Choices of Latin American NGOs
Authors: Tosun Jale , Levario Saad Emiliano , Gutiérrez Denise 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We build on research on polycentric climate governance and the strategic behavior of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to assess the factors that determine the partnership choices of climate NGOs. More precisely, we are interested in how these factors relate to the type of governance actors and the governance scale at which their partners operate. We concentrate on 195 NGOs based in twenty-one Latin American countries. Our hypotheses postulate that the perceived benefits are shaped by both country-level factors and NGO-specific factors. Our network analysis reveals that the NGOs have formed networks with different types of organizations, which are located at different scales of the polycentric governance system. The findings of our regression models show that these factors especially explain the governance scale at which the NGOs’ partners operate. The explanatory power of the models is lower for the types of actors with which the NGOs form partnerships, indicating the need for further theorizing.
The Empirical Realities of Polycentric Climate Governance: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Tobin Paul , Huitema Dave , Kellner Elke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Scholars have undertaken much conceptual development of “polycentric” climate governance (PCG). Yet, there has been limited empirical examination of whether this descriptive, analytical, and normative concept can aid climate change mitigation; it may even undermine our efforts in certain contexts. Thus this special issue examines the empirical realities of PCG. Building from a shared definition of the concept, the constitutive articles analyze an exploratory range of systems, across policy styles, governance levels, and types of actors. Here we consolidate the findings of the articles by identifying five key themes that are drawn from across the special issue, for consideration in future research. These themes are operationalization of PCG systems; voluntary action; temporality; power; and, crucially, effectiveness in mitigating climate change. Our findings provide evidence from a wide range of contexts, from which we build to propose new research streams on this topic.
The Ubiquity of Time in Latent-cause Inference
Authors: Mirea Dan-Mircea , Shin Yeon Soon , DuBrow Sarah , Niv Yael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Humans have an outstanding ability to generalize from past experiences, which requires parsing continuously experienced events into discrete, coherent units, and relating them to similar past experiences. Time is a key element in this process; however, how temporal information is used in generalization remains unclear. Latent-cause inference provides a Bayesian framework for clustering experiences, by building a world model in which related experiences are generated by a shared cause. Here, we examine how temporal information is used in latent-cause inference, using a novel task in which participants see “microbe” stimuli and explicitly report the latent cause (“strain”) they infer for each microbe. We show that humans incorporate time in their inference of latent causes, such that recently inferred latent causes are more likely to be inferred again. In particular, a “persistent” model, in which the latent cause inferred for one observation has a fixed probability of continuing to cause the next observation, explains the data significantly better than two other time-sensitive models, although extensive individual differences exist. We show that our task and this model have good psychometric properties, highlighting their potential use for quantifying individual differences in computational psychiatry or in neuroimaging studies.
Classifying animal migration patterns using small-shuffle surrogate and PCA evaluating short-term trends
Authors: Takagi Hideyuki , Doi Hideyuki , Nakamura Tomomichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Analysing migration patterns can be used to predict the likelihood of invasion by exotic species, and disease prevalence and spread through contact networks in animals. This paper presents an analytical method for surveying the characteristics of wildlife migration, which can be challenging due to the varying distances and directions that animals travel and the diverse characteristics of different species. To gain a comprehensive understanding of migratory behaviour, it is necessary to integrate migration interrelationships within the populations and correlated migratory modes, e.g., aggregation or dispersed patterns. To achieve this, we propose the SSS-PCA method, which combines the small-shuffle surrogate (SSS) method and principal component analysis (PCA). The SSS-PCA method involves three major steps: (1) applying the SSS method to break down the time-series correlational structure of the movement data with different time frames, (2) obtaining some mobility indicators, e.g., the range and variance of movement, from the original and SSS data with different time frames, and (3) performing PCA on the mobility indicators, and clustering the results. The proposed method can reveal the migration patterns of individuals and the influence of individuals on the whole group. The SSS-PCA method can be used to examine the migration patterns of marine and terrestrial animal species. We suggest that the method can be applied to further studies of various species’ migration data.
Local Wisdom in Malay Natural Interpretation “Turjuman Al-Mustafid”: Analysis of Surah Al-Baqarah with a Historical Approach
Authors: Izzan Ahmad , Haecal Mohammad Irfan Farraz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the impact of local wisdom on interpreting verses in Tafsir Alam Melayu Turjuman al-Mustafid by Syaikh Abdu al-Rauf al-Fanshuri bin Ali al-Fanshuri al-Singkili. Maudhui’s exegetical method is used in this study to examine verses that contain elements of local wisdom. This investigation uses a literature review approach that integrates Ibn Khaldun’s Asabiyyah-historical theory. Local wisdom in Tafsir Turjuman al-Mustafid is classified into three categories: “Praying” represents the sociological aspect, “Sailing” represents the geographical aspect, and “King” represents the political aspect. Shaikh Abdu al-Rauf al-Fanshuri is considered a historian with integrity, competence, and objectivity. The inclusion of local wisdom in the Tafsir Turjuman al-Mustafid, without changing the values of the Koran, is proof of its validity so as not to damage the message and intention of the verses of the Koran it interprets, and helps society to be enriched with elements of local wisdom.
In-Service Teachers’ Views about STEM Integration
Authors: Nipyrakis Argyris , Stavrou Dimitris , Avraamidou Lucy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite the increasing attention for STEM, a gap of knowledge still exists concerning: a) the views of teachers coming from S-T-E-M backgrounds on integrated STEM education, b) the ways teachers conceptualise STEM, and c) collaboration trends between S-T-E-M experts. In attempting to address this gap, the authors aimed to respond to these questions in the context of a STEM professional development programme in Europe, where 26 in-service teachers were divided into four learning communities and engaged in developing STEM teaching materials. Data were collected through individual interviews which were analysed through qualitative content analysis. Teachers’ views were explored using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, whereas teachers’ justifications on integration models were analysed for the purpose of examining their conceptualisations on integration. Collaboration trends were derived from teachers’ collaboration preferences. Teachers considered that there are systemic factors impeding the implementation of STEM, while teachers emphasised the engineering design cycle, content integration and real-world relevance in their integration models. Collaboration trends highlighted technological expertise as well as having prior STEM experience. Drawn from these findings, the authors offer a set of recommendations about the development of cross-disciplinary collaboration groups in order to help overcome disciplinary barriers.
Memory as Environment
Authors: Tabaszewska Justyna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article attempts to identify the relationship between memory, time, and environment, and to answer the question of whether (and how) memory can be perceived as a form of human environment. The paper, by elaborating on the already established notions of environmental memory and temporal environments, connects different diagnoses regarding our current temporality (Hartog, Chakrabarty, Malm) with the research on the Remembering-Imagining System (Conway et al.) and indicates that they may be useful to define how collective ris works. Finally, by analysing three different literary examples (Gospodinov, Dukaj, Szczerek), it addresses the question of why does it seemingly become more difficult to understand our temporal environment and imagine our collective future?
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Response to Increased Southern Ocean Wind Stress in a Climate Model with an Eddy-Rich Ocean
Authors: Schulzki Tobias , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Biastoch Arne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds experienced significant changes over recent decades and are projected to further strengthen, altering ocean hydrography and dynamics. While anomalies of Southern Hemisphere origin are hypothesized to impact the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), many details of this relationship remain unknown as previous modeling studies are limited by the application of forced, coarse-resolution ocean models, or a short integration length. Here, a coupled, nested climate model configuration, covering the Atlantic Ocean at an eddy-rich 1/10° resolution is applied to study the adjustment of the large-scale circulation to a 30% increase in the Southern Ocean wind stress. The AMOC responds to the stronger wind stress with a strengthening of 0.6–1.4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) across the entire Atlantic after approximately 80 years. At that time, anomalous watermass transformation mainly occurs at the entry into the Nordic seas. A density anomaly in the overflow water then induces anomalous sinking in the eastern subpolar gyre, providing a link between AMOC changes in density and depth coordinates. Our study suggests that these watermass changes are caused by northward-propagating anomalies and provides a detailed hypothesis for the link between the Indian Ocean inflow via Agulhas leakage and the AMOC. Nevertheless, due to coupled ocean–atmosphere adjustments, anomalies do not simply follow the main volume transport pathways along the western boundary. Mixing between advectively transported and locally forced anomalies leads to an increasingly complex evolution of watermass anomalies and less certainty in the relative contributions of involved mechanisms toward subpolar latitudes.
Summer High-Altitude Diurnal Rainfall Change in the Three Rivers Source Region and Associated Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Lin , Meng Xianhong , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Li Zhaoguo , Chen Hao , Shang Lunyu , Yang Xianyu , Wang Shaoying , Shu Lele , Ma Di 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), a crucial area influencing global climatic patterns and water resources, is experiencing a unique climatic paradox, particularly evident in the Three Rivers Source Region (TRSR). A striking summer asymmetry in the increases of near-surface temperature and precipitation is observed from 1989 to 2018: the rate of daily minimum temperature (0.64°C decade−1) surpasses the daily maximum temperature (0.52°C decade−1), while the daytime precipitation intensity (0.40 mm day−1 decade−1) increases at a faster rate compared to nighttime (0.30 mm day−1 decade−1). Despite these trends, the summer mean nighttime precipitation intensity consistently remains higher than the daytime average. Notably, this pattern is accompanied by an increasing trend of moisture transport during both daytime and nighttime in TRSR. This paper deciphers the thermodynamic and dynamic processes behind this trend. The daytime warmth not only alters the stability of atmosphere but also modulates convective inhibition (CIN), thereby reshaping precipitation mechanics and potentially dampening or delaying daytime convection. Thermodynamically, a shift from unstable to stable anomalies in the summer troposphere suppresses precipitation development. The combination of increased CIN during those period leads to fewer but more intense rainy days. Dynamically, the shift from a consistent downward motion anomaly throughout troposphere to an upward motion anomaly becomes dominant during nighttime, exhibiting a similar transition but only below 500 hPa during daytime. These findings reveal the complex interplay between thermodynamics, dynamics, and precipitation, highlighting the need for refined climatic models that can accurately simulate these summer diurnal processes.
Cold-Frontal Rainbands over the United Kingdom: Sensitivity of Precipitation Processes to Microphysics Schemes in WRF Simulations
Authors: Zhang Tianhang , Schultz David M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR) and wide cold-frontal rainband (WCFR) over the United Kingdom on 24 January 2018 are selected to evaluate the sensitivity of cold-season precipitation to three bulk cloud microphysics schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The three simulations tend to overpredict the intensity and the areal coverage of NCFRs but underpredict those of WCFRs against the Met Office radar imagery. Nonetheless, the WRF double-moment 6-class (WDM6) simulation produces the most realistic NCFR and WCFR. More specifically, the intensity of the NCFR in the WDM6 simulation is overpredicted in the developing stage and underpredicted in the dissipating stage when compared to the Thompson and Morrison simulations. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the rain mixing ratio at 1 km. The more intense and larger area of the WCFR in the WDM6 simulation is associated with more low-level snow, graupel, and rain than the other two simulations. In the WDM6 simulation, the larger low-level snow mixing ratios are due to the higher rates of aggregation between cloud ice and snow, whereas the larger rain mixing ratio is due to higher melting rates. Thus, differences in low-level ice-phase processes between microphysics schemes are large, strongly influencing the intensity of WCFRs, but the differences in warm-rain processes are smaller. Additionally, the small size of raindrops in the WDM6 simulation leads to wider and more intense WCFR as these raindrops are preferentially sent rearward relative to the cold front.

Significance Statement
Models are useful tools to predict weather but have errors in predicting different weather types. In the United Kingdom, precipitation is often predicted to be too strong at cold fronts and too weak behind the fronts compared to radar observations. Choosing different options for how precipitation is represented in one model produced different precipitation forecasts, with WDM6 being the best. One reason why WDM6 was the best was because it produced more and smaller raindrops, which would be transported behind the front, and it had higher melting rates at low levels, resulting in more precipitation behind the fronts than other options. Our results help identify why different options produce different forecasts, leading to possible future improvements in these options.