bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of hybrid‐simulation to fragility assessment of the telescoping self‐centering energy dissipative bracing system
Authors: Kammula Viswanath , Erochko Jeffrey , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYSubstructure hybrid simulation has been the subject of numerous investigations in recent years. The simulation method allows for the assessment of the seismic performance of structures by representing critical components with physical specimens and the rest of the structure with numerical models. In this study the system level performance of a six‐storey structure with telescoping self‐centering energy dissipative (T‐SCED) braces is validated through pseudo‐dynamic (PsD) hybrid simulation. Fragility curves are derived for the T‐SCED system. This paper presents the configuration of the hybrid simulation, the newly developed control software for PsD hybrid simulation, which can integrate generic hydraulic actuators into PsD hybrid simulation, and the seismic performance of a structure equipped with T‐SCED braces. The experimental results show that the six‐storey structure with T‐SCED braces satisfies performance limits specified in ASCE 41. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational study of self‐centering buckling‐restrained braced frame seismic performance
Authors: Eatherton Matthew R. , Fahnestock Larry A. , Miller David J. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYRecent research developed and experimentally validated a self‐centering buckling‐restrained brace (SC‐BRB) that employs a restoring mechanism created using concentric tubes held flush with pretensioned shape memory alloy rods, in conjunction with a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) that dissipates seismic energy. The present computational study investigated how the SC‐BRB can be implemented in real buildings to improve seismic performance. First, a computational brace model was developed and calibrated against experimental data, including the definition of a new cyclic material model for superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy. A parametric study were then conducted to explore the design space for SC‐BRBs. Finally, a set of prototype buildings was designed and computationally subjected to a suite of ground motions. The effect of the lateral resistance of gravity framing on self‐centering was also examined.From the component study, the SC‐BRB was found to dissipate sufficient energy even with large self‐centering ratios (as large as 4) based on criteria found in the literature for limiting peak drifts. From the prototype building study, a SC‐BRB self‐centering ratio of 0.5 was capable of reliably limiting residual drifts to negligible values, which is consistent with a dynamic form of self‐centering discussed in the literature. Because large self‐centering ratios can create significant overstrength, the most efficient SC‐BRB frame designs had a self‐centering ratio in the range of 0.5–1.5. Ambient building resistance (e.g., gravity framing) was found to reduce peak drifts, but had a negligible effect on residual drifts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binge Eating in Interview Versus Self‐Report: Different Diagnoses Show Different Divergences
Authors: Birgegård Andreas , Norring Claes , Clinton David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating (BE) is diagnostically important for eating disorders (EDs) but difficult to measure validly and reliably. The study compared interview and questionnaire formats regarding the proportion of patients in each diagnostic group who reported BE.MethodData came from the clinical Stepwise ED database (N = 3508 adults and 1354 children/adolescents), representing the full range of ED diagnoses. Methods used were the Structured ED Interview and the ED Examination Questionnaire.ResultsOpposite discrepancies were observed between methods depending on ED diagnosis, such that a higher number of restrictive patients reported BE on the questionnaire than the interview, whereas the opposite was true for bulimic patients.DiscussionThe findings have important clinical and theoretical implications and suggest that BE assessment is more complex than previously believed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Empirical prediction of coseismic landslide dam formation
Authors: Fan Xuanmei , Rossiter David G. , van Westen Cees J. , Xu Qiang , Görüm Tolga 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study we develop an empirical method to estimate the volume threshold for predicting coseismic landslide dam formation using landscape parameters obtained from digital elevation models (DEMs). We hypothesize that the potential runout and volume of landslides, together with river features, determine the likelihood of the formation of a landslide dam. To develop this method, a database was created by randomly selecting 140 damming and 200 non‐damming landslides from 501 landslide dams and > 60 000 landslides induced by theMw7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. We used this database to parameterize empirical runout models by stepwise multivariate regression. We find that factors controlling landslide runout are landslide initiation volume, landslide type, internal relief (H) and theH/Lratio (betweenHand landslide horizontal distance to river,L). In order to obtain a first volume threshold for a landslide to reach a river, the runout regression equations were converted into inverse volume equations by taking the runout to be the distance to river. A second volume threshold above which a landslide is predicted to block a river was determined by the correlation between river width and landslide volume of the known damming landslides. The larger of these two thresholds was taken as the final damming threshold. This method was applied to several landslide types over a fine geographic grid of assumed initiation points in a selected catchment. The overall prediction accuracy was 97.4% and 86.0% for non‐damming and damming landslides, respectively. The model was further tested by predicting the damming landslides over the whole region, with promising results. We conclude that our method is robust and reliable for the Wenchuan event. In combination with pre‐event landslide susceptibility and frequency–size assessments, it can be used to predict likely damming locations of future coseismic landslides, thereby helping to plan emergency response. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model to resolve organochlorine pharmacokinetics in migrating humpback whales
Authors: Cropp Roger , Nash Susan Bengtson , Hawker Darryl 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Humpback whales are iconic mammals at the top of the Antarctic food chain. Their large reserves of lipid-rich tissues such as blubber predispose them to accumulation of lipophilic contaminants throughout their lifetime. Changes in the volume and distribution of lipids in humpback whales, particularly during migration, could play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of lipophilic contaminants such as the organochlorine pesticide hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Previous models have examined constant feeding and nonmigratory scenarios. In the present study, the authors develop a novel heuristic model to investigate HCB dynamics in a humpback whale and its environment by coupling an ecosystem nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) model, a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model, and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The model takes into account the seasonal feeding pattern of whales, their energy requirements, and fluctuating contaminant burdens in the supporting plankton food chain. It is applied to a male whale from weaning to maturity, spanning 20 migration and feeding cycles. The model is initialized with environmental HCB burdens similar to those measured in the Southern Ocean and predicts blubber HCB concentrations consistent with empirical concentrations observed in a southern hemisphere population of male, migrating humpback whales. Results show for the first time some important details of the relationship between energy budgets and organochlorine pharmacokinetics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1638–1649. © 2014 SETAC
Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers in wastewater treatment plant sludges from the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Zeng Xiangying , He Lixiong , Cao Shuxia , Ma Shengtao , Yu Zhiqiang , Gui Hongyan , Sheng Guoying , Fu Jiamo 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Organophosphate esters (OPs) are widely used as flame retardants or plasticizers and are ubiquitously distributed in the environment. In the present study, the occurrence and distribution of 7 widely used OPs were analyzed in sludge samples collected from 19 municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta, South China. All analytes were detected in these samples, and the total concentration of OPs ranged from 96.7 µg/kg to 1312.9 µg/kg dry weight, with a mean value of 420.1 µg/kg dry weight. In most sludge samples OPs exhibited a similar distribution pattern, for example, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) were identified as the dominant compounds. However, the results also indicated significantly higher levels of OPs in specific sludges, such as tri-n-butyl phosphate (804.9 µg/kg), TBEP (783.7 µg/kg), TPhP (656.7 µg/kg), and tritolyl phosphate (265.0 µg/kg), which implied different discharge sources in the studied areas. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1720–1725. © 2014 SETAC
Effect of moisture on the heat capacity and the regeneration heat required for CO2 capture process using PEI impregnated mesoporous precipitated silica
Authors: Quang Dang Viet , Dindi Abdallah , Rayer Aravind V , Hadri Nabil El , Abdulkadir Abdurahim , Abu‐Zahra Mohammad R.M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this study, we report the effect of the moisture of polyethylenimine (PEI) impregnated mesoporous precipitated silica used for CO2 adsorption on the heat capacity and the heat required to regenerate the adsorbent. The results indicate that the heat capacity of the absorbent increases as its moisture content increases. The increase in moisture results in the rise of the vaporization heat of water and the elevated heat capacity results in higher sensible heat. For these reasons, the total regeneration heat required for CO2 capture process increases significantly. The adsorbent has a maximum CO2 adsorption capacity at 75 °C. CO2 capture process using PEI impregnated mesoporous precipitated silica requires a minimum energy to regenerate the adsorbent; it reduces 46% of the energy compared to a process using an aqueous MEA 30 wt%, as the process operates at 75 °C.
Impact of soil surface characteristics on soil water content variability in agricultural fields
Authors: Manns Hida R. , Berg Aaron A. , Bullock Paul R. , McNairn Heather 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe accuracy of soil water content (WC) interpretation from satellites and its application in hydrological modelling is dependent on our understanding of the effects of field‐scale surface soil properties on soil WC variability. Soil texture, surface roughness and surface residue were evaluated for their influence on soil WC variability with data obtained from satellite ground verification sampling near Carman, Manitoba, within a 28 km2 area. Over the course of five selected dates from 23 April to 18 May 2008, soil WC and other physical variables were obtained in 38 agricultural fields covering three distinct soil textural classifications. Within each field, at each of 16 sampling locations, four individual soil WC measurements were taken, including sampling points with and without the influence of crop residue left on the soil surface. A principal component analysis and multiple linear regression both identified soil texture as the primary physical process controlling variability in soil WC and coefficient of variation (CV) among fields during the campaign. Residue cover was also a significant factor representing a second principal component that explained 37% of variability in average soil WC and contributed to 31% of variability in CV. Whereas soil texture predominated in soil WC and CV on most sampling dates, residue cover was of equal significance as texture in dry soils. This study identified specific effects of tillage and residue management contributing to field‐scale soil WC variability that could contribute significant improvements to interpretation of remotely sensed soil WC and subsequent scaling efforts over agricultural regions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditioning temperature‐index model parameters on synoptic weather types for glacier melt simulations
Authors: Matthews T. , Hodgkins R. , Wilby R. L. , Guðmundsson S. , Pálsson F. , Björnsson H. , Carr S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTemperature‐index models are widely favoured as a pragmatic means of simulating glacier melt because of their generally good performance, computational simplicity and limited demands for in situ data. However, their coefficients are normally treated as temporally stationary, unrealistically assuming a constancy of the prevailing weather. We address this simplification by prescribing model coefficients as a function of synoptic weather type, in a procedure that utilizes reanalysis data and preserves the minimal data requirements of temperature‐index models. Using a cross‐validation procedure at Vestari Hagafellsjökull, Iceland, and Storglaciären, Sweden, we demonstrate that applying transient model coefficients, for three temperature‐index models, results in statistically significant increases in the skill with which melt is modelled: Median simulation improvements in the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 7.3 and 23.6% are achieved when hourly and daily melt totals are evaluated respectively. Our weather‐type modelling approach also yields insight to processes driving parameter variability, revealing dependence that is consistent with a priori considerations of the surface energy balance. We conclude that incorporating weather types into temperature‐index models holds promise for improving their performance, as well as enhancing understanding variability in coefficient values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time river bed scour monitoring and synchronous maximum depth data collected during Typhoon Soulik in 2013
Authors: Yang Han‐Chung , Su Chih‐Chiang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA critical concern regarding river bed stabilization and river engineering is the short‐term general scour that occurs in a field setting far from a river‐crossing structure or embankment during a typhoon‐induced flood. This study investigated the improvement of existing techniques that have been used to measure river bed scour. One of these techniques is the numbered‐brick column or scour chains method, in which only the maximum general scour depth of river bed is observed. A wireless tracer for monitoring real‐time scour was set‐up with a numbered‐brick column and was employed to collect synchronous data. The proposed method was successfully used to observe both real‐time scour and the maximum depth at flood peak. This observation was conducted at a steep gravel‐bed reach of the Shuideliaw Embankment on the intermittent Choshui River in Central Taiwan during Typhoon Soulik, which occurred in 2013. Future studies must be conducted to complete the development of an automatic real‐time scour and flood monitoring system for use in severe weather and flow conditions; this would facilitate the identification of river bed scour during conditions of unstable flow and the improvement of flood prevention engineering, bridge closure detection and emergency evacuation procedures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variation in particle size and particulate organic matter content in suspended particulate matter from peatland‐dominated catchments in Finland
Authors: Marttila Hannu , Kløve Bjørn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractProperties of suspended particulate matter play a vital role in transport processes, but information from boreal lowland river systems with high organic loads is limited. This study analysed data from 2 years of sampling at 30 locations in Finland (204 samples in total) using suspended particulate matter samplers to determine effective and absolute particle size and organic fractions. Mean d50 value was 22 and 49 µm for absolute and effective particle size, respectively. The organic fraction content ranged from 2.1% to 36% (mean 9.6%), highlighting the importance of particle organic matter for suspended particulate matter flux in the region. The results indicated that the suspended particulate matter particle size distribution and load in the study region is dominated by composite particles. There were considerable spatial and temporal variations in transport of organic fractions, effective particle size and degree of aggregation (range 1.5–93%). Headwaters and, in particular, late summer and spring flood conditions with flow peaks produced the largest composite particles, whereas agriculture‐dominated sites produced smaller but more tightly compacted particles. Organic plant fibres appeared to play a vital role in floc formation in peat‐covered catchments, whereas in agriculture‐dominated catchments, land use‐derived aggregates dominated the composition. This study provides empirical evidence of the importance of effective particle size measurement in understanding the dynamics of suspended particulate matters in boreal lowland river systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Garlic Powder as a Safe Environment Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Media; Adsorption and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Yaro Aprael S. , Khadom Anees A. , Wael Rafal K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition of mild steel in H3PO4 solution by garlic powder was investigated using weight loss and polarization techniques. The adsorption of garlic powder was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Maximum inhibition efficiency was 75% at 50 °C and 250 ppm inhibitor concentration. The values of heat of adsorption were negative indicating the spontaneous adsorption process. Quantum chemical calculations were used successfully to evaluate the theoretical inhibitor efficiency. Mathematical and statistical analyses were also used to represent the corrosion rate data with high correlation coefficients. Polarization measurements showed that garlic powder was a mixed — type inhibitor.
Estimation of the Moments of the Residence Time and First Passage Time from Experimentally Measurable Permeation Parameters via a New Formulation of the Transmission Matrix
Authors: Chen Jenn‐Shing , Yeh Kwei‐Tin , Chang Wen‐Yih , Baird James K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSiegel's analysis on membrane transport in the Laplace domain [J. Phys. Chem. 95 (1991) 2556] in terms of transmission matrix, T(s), has been extended to a more useful formulation. This is achieved by combining uses of the matrix transport equations appropriate for void initial condition, or for saturated equilibrium, or of Dirac delta functional type and the theorem det[T(s)] = 1. This formulation enables us to expand T(s) in power series of the Laplace variable, s, with the expansion coefficients as the algebraic functions of the experimentally measurable transport parameters. Utility of the formulation is illustrated in the estimation of the experimentally inaccessible time moments for the first passage or residence times. It was also applied to the percutaneous drug delivery to obtain from the experimental data. The higher moments of the time lag or time lead using a graphic method.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Modified Lithium‐Aluminum‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposites Prepared Using In‐situ Polymerization
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Yen , Shiu Wei‐Chuan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLayered double hydroxides are a type of layered stacked compound, which can be intercalated with organic‐molecule modifiers. An ion‐exchange process for layered double hydroxide (LDH) was used to intercalate water‐soluble sulfanilic acid salt (SAS) and dimethyl 5‐sulfoisopthalate (DMSI) into lithium aluminum layered double hydroxides (LiAl LDHs). In this work, a hydrothermal process was used to modify LiAl LDHs, and the modified LiAl LDHs were treated with either SAS or DMSI through an ion‐exchange process and were then intercalated using bis‐hydroxyethylene terephthalate (BHET). The results indicate that the modified LiAl LDHs improved the interlayer compatibility between the PET and LiAl LDH layers; thus, enabling the oligomer molecules to more easily enter the gallery of the LiAl LDH layers so that polymer chains could be included between the LDH layers during polymerization of the matrix. The better barrier, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of these new types of PET nanocomposites are discussed.
Analysis of Global Changes in Gene Expression Induced by Human Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (hPNPaseold‐35)
Authors: Sokhi Upneet K. , Bacolod Manny D. , Emdad Luni , Das Swadesh K. , Dumur Catherine I. , Miles Michael F. , Sarkar Devanand , Fisher Paul B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAs a strategy to identify gene expression changes affected by human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPaseold‐35), we performed gene expression analysis of HeLa cells in which hPNPaseold‐35 was overexpressed. The observed changes were then compared to those of HO‐1 melanoma cells in which hPNPaseold‐35 was stably knocked down. Through this analysis, 90 transcripts, which positively or negatively correlated with hPNPaseold‐35 expression, were identified. The majority of these genes were associated with cell communication, cell cycle, and chromosomal organization gene ontology categories. For a number of these genes, the positive or negative correlations with hPNPaseold‐35 expression were consistent with transcriptional data extracted from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) expression datasets for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), ovarian serous cyst adenocarcinoma (OV), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Further analysis comparing the gene expression changes between Ad.hPNPaseold‐35 infected HO‐1 melanoma cells and HeLa cells overexpressing hPNPaseold‐35 under the control of a doxycycline‐inducible promoter, revealed global changes in genes involved in cell cycle and mitosis. Overall, this study provides further evidence that hPNPaseold‐35 is associated with global changes in cell cycle‐associated genes and identifies potential gene targets for future investigation. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1952–1962, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1‐Factor and Cycle Covers of Cubic Graphs
Authors: Steffen Eckhard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLet G be a bridgeless cubic graph. Consider a list of k 1‐factors of G. Let be the set of edges contained in precisely i members of the k 1‐factors. Let be the smallest over all lists of k 1‐factors of G. Any list of three 1‐factors induces a core of a cubic graph. We use results on the structure of cores to prove sufficient conditions for Berge‐covers and for the existence of three 1‐factors with empty intersection. Furthermore, if , then is an upper bound for the girth of G. We also prove some new upper bounds for the length of shortest cycle covers of bridgeless cubic graphs. Cubic graphs with have a 4‐cycle cover of length and a 5‐cycle double cover. These graphs also satisfy two conjectures of Zhang . We also give a negative answer to a problem stated in .