bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathway Upregulates c‐Myc Expression to Promote Cell Proliferation of P19 Teratocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Li Yi , Wu Yuling , Shi Kun , Bing Lujun , Hao Jing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAberrant activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is a common event in human tumor progression. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in maintaining a variety of adult and embryonic stem cells by imposing a restraint to differentiation. To understand the function and mechanism of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling on the pathogenesis of teratocarcinoma, we used the mouse teratocarcinoma P19 cell line as a model in vitro. Gsk3β specific inhibitor (SB216763) was used to activate Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. All trans‐retinoic acid (RA) was used to induce P19 cell differentiation. At different culture times, gene expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time PCR, and Western‐blotting; BrdU incorporation assays were performed to measure P19 cell proliferation. Small interference RNA technology was used to downregulate c‐myc expression. The results showed that SB216763 induced the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin, upregulated the expression of c‐myc and pluripotency related genes, oct4, sox2 and nanog, and blocked cell differentiation induced by all trans‐RA. The proliferation of P19 cells was significantly enhanced by SB216763, as well as c‐myc overexpression. C‐myc downregulation inhibited P19 cell proliferation caused by activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and induced P19 cell differentiation. In conclusion, activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway could promote the proliferation and inhibit the differentiation of mouse teratocarcinoma cells by upregulation of c‐myc expression. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial on the effect of coffee on postoperative ileus following elective colectomy
Authors: Müller S A , Rahbari N N , Schneider F , Warschkow R , Simon T , von Frankenberg M , Bork U , Weitz J , Schmied B M , Büchler M W 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Postoperative ileus is a common problem after abdominal surgery. It was postulated that coffee intake would decrease postoperative ileus after colectomy.

Methods
This was a multicentre parallel open-label randomized trial. Patients with malignant or benign disease undergoing elective open or laparoscopic colectomy were assigned randomly before surgery to receive either coffee or water after the procedure (100 ml three times daily). The primary endpoint was time to first bowel movement; secondary endpoints were time to first flatus, time to tolerance of solid food, length of hospital stay and perioperative morbidity.

Results
A total of 80 patients were randomized, 40 to each group. One patient in the water arm was excluded owing to a change in surgical procedure. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. In intention-to-treat analysis, the time to the first bowel movement was significantly shorter in the coffee arm than in the water arm (mean(s.d.) 60·4(21·3) versus 74·0(21·6) h; P = 0·006). The time to tolerance of solid food (49·2(21·3) versus 55·8(30·0) h; P = 0·276) and time to first flatus (40·6(16·1) versus 46·4(20·1) h; P = 0·214) showed a similar trend, but the differences were not significant. Length of hospital stay (10·8(4·4) versus 11·3(4·5) days; P = 0·497) and morbidity (8 of 40 versus 10 of 39 patients; P = 0·550) were comparable in the two groups.

Conclusion
Coffee consumption after colectomy was safe and was associated with a reduced time to first bowel action. Registration number: NCT01079442 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Illustrating the machinery of life: Viruses
Authors: Goodsell David S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractData from electron microscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and biophysical analysis are used to create illustrations of viruses in their cellular context. This report describes the scientific data and artistic methods used to create three illustrations: a depiction of the poliovirus lifecycle, budding of influenza virus from a cell surface, and a mature HIV particle in blood serum.
Significance of lymphovascular space invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Sheridan Todd B. , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Miyake Takahito , Hew Karina E. , Im Dwight D. , Rosenshein Neil B. , Mabuchi Seiji , Enomoto Takayuki , Kimura Tadashi , Sood Anil K. , Roman Lynda D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWhile the prognostic significance of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is well established in endometrial and cervical cancer, its role in ovarian cancer is not fully understood. First, a training cohort was conducted to explore whether the presence and quantity of LVSI within the ovarian tumor correlated with nodal metastasis and survival (n = 127). Next, the results of the training cohort were applied to a different study population (validation cohort, n = 93). In both cohorts, histopathology slides of epithelial ovarian cancer cases that underwent primary cytoreductive surgery including pelvic and/or aortic lymphadenectomy were examined. In a post hoc analysis, the significance of LVSI was evaluated in apparent stage I cases (n = 53). In the training cohort, the majority of patients had advanced‐stage disease (82.7%). LVSI was observed in 79.5% of cases, and nodal metastasis was the strongest variable associated with the presence of LVSI (odds ratio [OR]: 7.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–32.1, P = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. The presence of LVSI correlated with a worsened progression‐free survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.01–4.24, P = 0.048). The significance of the presence of LVSI was reproduced in the validation cohort (majority, early stage 61.3%). In apparent stage I cases, the presence of LVSI was associated with a high negative predictive value for nodal metastasis (100%, likelihood ratio, P = 0.034) and with worsened progression‐free survival (HR: 5.16, 95% CI: 1.00–26.6, P = 0.028). The presence of LVSI is an independent predictive indicator of nodal metastasis and is associated with worse clinical outcome of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Expression of RET finger protein predicts chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Horio Maiko , Kato Takuya , Mii Shinji , Enomoto Atsushi , Asai Masato , Asai Naoya , Murakumo Yoshiki , Shibata Kiyosumi , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Takahashi Masahide 
Published: September 2012

AbstractResistance to platinum‐ and taxane‐based chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure in ovarian cancer. Thus, it is necessary to develop a predictive marker and molecular target for overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer treatment. In a previous report, using an in vitro model, we found that the RET finger protein (RFP) (also known as tripartite motif‐containing protein 27, TRIM27) confers cancer cell resistance to anticancer drugs. However, the significance of RFP expression in cancer patients remains elusive. In this study, we showed that RFP was expressed in 62% of ovarian cancer patients and its positivity significantly correlated with drug resistance. Consistent with clinical data, depletion of RFP by RNA interference (RNAi) in ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and HEY, significantly increased carboplatin‐ or paclitaxel‐induced apoptosis and resulted in reduced anticancer drug resistance. In a nude mouse tumor xenograft model, inoculated RFP‐knockdown ovarian cancer cells exhibited lower carboplatin resistance than control cells. These findings suggest that RFP could be a predictive marker for chemoresistance in ovarian cancer patients and also a candidate for a molecular‐targeted agent.
A Multi‐Yolk–Shell Structured Nanocatalyst Containing Sub‐10 nm Pd Nanoparticles in Porous CeO2
Authors: Chen Cheng , Fang Xiaoliang , Wu Binghui , Huang Liujun , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe fabrication of catalytically stable nanocatalysts containing fine noble metal nanoparticles is an important research theme. We report a method for the synthesis of a hierarchically structured Pd@hm‐CeO2 multi‐yolk–shell nanocatalyst (h=hollow; m=mesoporous) containing sub‐10 nm Pd nanoparticles from pre‐made hydrophobic Pd nanoparticles. In the developed method, monodisperse hydrophobic Pd nanoparticles are first reacted with an iron oxide precursor iron(III) acetylacetonate to allow the deposition of iron oxide on their surface. In a Brij 56–water–cyclohexane reverse micelle system, the surface growth of iron oxide is found to mediate and, thus, facilitate the encapsulation of hydrophobic Pd nanoparticles in SiO2 to yield Pd‐Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles in a high concentration. After removal of Fe2O3 by acid, the obtained Pd@SiO2 core–shell particles are reacted solvothermally with Ce(NO3)3 in an ethylene glycol–water–acetic acid mixture to produce multi‐core–shell Pd@SiO2@m‐CeO2 nanospheres. In each multi‐core–shell Pd@SiO2@m‐CeO2 nanosphere, several Pd@SiO2 particles are separately embedded in mesoporous CeO2. After selective removal of silica by NaOH, Pd@SiO2@m‐CeO2 nanospheres are transformed into the multi‐yolk–shell Pd@hm‐CeO2 nanocatalyst. Even with a low Pd loading at 0.4 wt %, the as‐prepared multi‐yolk–shell Pd@hm‐CeO2 nanocatalyst displays high catalytic activity in CO oxidation with 100 % CO conversion at 110 °C. In comparison, under the same catalytic conditions, the same amount of the same‐sized Pd nanoparticles supported on SiO2 achieves 100 % CO conversion at 180 °C. More importantly, the multi‐yolk–shell structure of the Pd@hm‐CeO2 nanocatalyst significantly enhances the stability of the catalyst. No loss in catalytic activity was observed on the Pd@hm‐CeO2 nanocatalyst treated at 550 °C for six hours. The Pd@hm‐CeO2 nanocatalyst also exhibited excellent catalytic performance and stability in the aerobic selective oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde.
Supramolecular Assembly of Diplatinum Species through Weak PtII⋅⋅⋅PtII Intermolecular Interactions: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Pérez Paz Alejandro , Espinosa Leal Leonardo A. , Azani Mohammad‐Reza , Guijarro Alejandro , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Givaja Gonzalo , Castillo Oscar , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén , Zamora Félix , Rubio Angel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe present study elucidates the factors that govern the spontaneous self‐assembly of a family of dimetal [Pt2L4] (L=dithiocarboxylato ligand) complexes. Experimental data show that variables such as temperature, concentration, solvent and the nature of the ligand L have a critical effect on the reversible self‐assembly of supramolecular [Pt2L4]n entities. In solution, new UV/Vis spectroscopic features emerge at low temperatures and/or high concentrations, which are attributed to the formation of oligomeric [Pt2L4]n species. The description of intermolecular Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions, the main driving force for the association, was addressed from a computational perspective. The contributions from intermolecular Pt⋅⋅⋅S and S⋅⋅⋅S interactions to these supramolecular assemblies were found to be repulsive. Experimental UV/Vis data have been interpreted by means of computational spectroscopy.
Parallelism, uniqueness, and large‐sample asymptotics for the Dantzig selector
Authors: Dicker Lee , Lin Xihong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Dantzig selector (Candès & Tao, 2007) is a popular$\ell^{1}$‐regularization method for variable selection and estimation in linear regression. We present a very weak geometric condition on the observed predictors which is related to parallelism and, when satisfied, ensures the uniqueness of Dantzig selector estimators. The condition holds with probability 1, if the predictors are drawn from a continuous distribution. We discuss the necessity of this condition for uniqueness and also provide a closely related condition which ensures the uniqueness of lasso estimators (Tibshirani, 1996). Large sample asymptotics for the Dantzig selector, that is, almost sure convergence and the asymptotic distribution, follow directly from our uniqueness results and a continuity argument. The limiting distribution of the Dantzig selector is generally non‐normal. Though our asymptotic results require that the number of predictors is fixed (similar to Knight & Fu, 2000), our uniqueness results are valid for an arbitrary number of predictors and observations.The Canadian Journal of Statistics41: 23–35; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Three‐level regular designs with general minimum lower‐order confounding
Authors: Li Zhiming , Zhang Tianfang , Zhang Runchu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the general minimum lower‐order confounding (GMC) criterion to the case of three‐level designs. First, we review the relationship between GMC and other criteria. Then we introduce an aliased component‐number pattern (ACNP) and a three‐level GMC criterion via the consideration of component effects, and obtain some results on the new criterion. All the 27‐run GMC designs, 81‐run GMC designs with factor numbers $n=5,\ldots,20$ and 243‐run GMC designs with resolution $IV$ or higher are tabulated. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 192–210; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Fgf10 expression patterns in the developing chick inner ear
Authors: Sánchez‐Guardado Luis Óscar , Puelles Luis , Hidalgo‐Sánchez Matías 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe inner ear is a complex three‐dimensional sensorial structure with auditory and vestibular functions. It originates from the otic placode, which invaginates, forming the otic vesicle; the latter gives rise to neurosensory and nonsensory elements of the adult membranous labyrinth. A hypothesis based on descriptive and experimental evidence suggests that the acquisition of discrete sensory patches during evolution of this primordium may be related to subdivision of an early pansensory domain. In order to gain insight into this developmental mechanism, we carried out a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal expression pattern of the gene Fgf10, by comparing different markers of otic patterning and hair cell differentiation. Fgf10 expression labels a sensory‐competent domain included in a Serrate‐positive territory from which most of the sensory epithelia arise. Our data show that Fgf10 transcripts are present initially in a narrow ventromedial band of the rudimentary otocyst, extending between its rostral and caudal poles. During development, this Fgf10‐expressing area splits repetitively into several separate subareas, creating six of the eight sensory organs present in birds. Only the lateral crista and the macula neglecta were initially Fgf10 negative, although they activated Fgf10 expression after their specification as sensory elements. These results allowed us to determine a timetable of sensory specification in the developing chick inner ear. The comparison of the expression pattern of Fgf10 with those of other markers of sensory differentiation contributes to our understanding of the mechanism by which vertebrate inner ear prosensory domains have arisen during evolution. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1136–1164, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cellular and synaptic location of activated TrkB in mouse hippocampus during limbic epileptogenesis
Authors: Helgager Jeffrey , Liu Gumei , McNamara James O. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of limbic epileptogenesis in cellular and molecular terms may provide novel therapeutic targets for its prevention. The neurotrophin receptor tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB) is thought to be critical for limbic epileptogenesis. Enhanced activation of TrkB, revealed by immunodetection of enhanced phosphorylated TrkB (pTrkB), a surrogate measure of its activation, has been identified within the hippocampus in multiple animal models. Knowledge of the cellular locale of activated TrkB is necessary to elucidate its functional consequences. Using an antibody selective to pTrkB in conjunction with confocal microscopy and cellular markers, we determined the cellular and subcellular locale of enhanced pTrkB induced by status epilepticus (SE) evoked by infusion of kainic acid into the amygdala of adult mice. SE induced enhanced pTrkB immunoreactivity in two distinct populations of principal neurons within the hippocampus—the dentate granule cells and CA1 pyramidal cells. Enhanced immunoreactivity within granule cells was found within mossy fiber axons and giant synaptic boutons. By contrast, enhanced immunoreactivity was found within apical dendritic shafts and spines of CA1 pyramidal cells. A common feature of this enhanced pTrkB at these cellular locales is its localization to excitatory synapses between excitatory neurons, presynaptically in the granule cells and postsynaptically in CA1 pyramidal cells. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is one cellular consequence of TrkB activation at these excitatory synapses that may promote epileptogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:499–521, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic labeling of steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1) neurons in mice reveals ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) circuitry beginning at neurogenesis and development of a separate non‐SF‐1 neuronal cluster in the ventrolateral VMH
Authors: Cheung Clement C. , Kurrasch Deborah M. , Liang Jenna K. , Ingraham Holly A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) influences a wide variety of physiological responses. Here, using two distinct but complementary genetic tracing approaches in mice, we describe the development of VMH efferent projections, as marked by steroidogenic factor‐1 (SF‐1; NR5A1). SF‐1 neurons were visualized by Tau‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed from the endogenous Sf‐1 locus (Sf‐1TauGFP) or by crossing the transgenic Sf1:Cre driver to a GFP reporter strain (Z/EGSf1:Cre). Strikingly, VMH projections were visible early, at embryonic (E) 10.5, when few postmitotic SF1 neurons have been born, suggesting that formation of VMH circuitry begins at the onset of neurogenesis. At E14.5, comparison of these two reporter lines revealed that SF1‐positive neurons in the ventrolateral VMH (VMHvl) persist in Z/EGSf1:Cre embryos but are virtually absent in Sf‐1TauGFP. Therefore, although the entire VMH including the VMHvl shares a common lineage, the VMHvl further differentiates into a neuronal cluster devoid of SF‐1. At birth, extensive VMH projections to broad regions of the brain were observed in both mouse reporter lines, matching well with those previously discovered by injection of axonal anterograde tracers in adult rats. In summary, our genetic tracing studies show that VMH efferent projections are highly conserved in rodents and are established far earlier than previously appreciated. Moreover, our results imply that neurons in the VMHvl adopt a distinct fate early in development, which might underlie the unique physiological functions associated with this VMH subregion. J. Comp. Neurol., 521:1268–1288, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel objective classification of reactive microglia following hypoglossal axotomy using hierarchical cluster analysis
Authors: Yamada Jun , Jinno Shozo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA total of 136 microglia were intracellularly labeled and their morphological features were evaluated by 3D morphometric measurement. According to hierarchical cluster analysis, microglia were objectively categorized into four groups termed types I–IV. The validity of this classification was confirmed by principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Type I microglia were found in sham‐operated mice and in mice sacrificed 28 days (D28) after axotomy. The appearance of type I cells was similar to so‐called ramified microglia in a resting state. Type II microglia were mainly seen in D14 mice, which exhibited small cell bodies with thin and short processes. Interestingly, none of the already‐known morphological types of microglia seemed to be comparable to type II cells. We thus named type II microglia “small ramified” cells. Types III and IV microglia were mainly seen in D3 and D7 mice and their appearances were similar to hypertrophied and bushy cells, respectively. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a mitosis marker, was almost exclusively expressed in D3 mice. On the other hand, voltage‐dependent potassium channels (Kv1.3/1.5), neurotoxicity‐related molecules, were most highly expressed in D14 mice. Increased expression of Kv1.3/1.5 in D14 mice was suppressed by minocycline treatment. These findings indicate that type II and III microglia may be involved in neurotoxicity and mitosis, respectively. Type IV microglial cells are assumed to be in the process of losing mitotic activity and gaining neurotoxicity. Our data also suggest that type II microglia can be a potential therapeutic target against neurodegenerative diseases. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1184–1201, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Applications of Graphene‐Based TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Tan Lling‐Lling , Chai Siang‐Piao , Mohamed Abdul Rahman 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGraphene is one of the most promising materials in the field of nanotechnology and has attracted a tremendous amount of research interest in recent years. Due to its large specific surface area, high thermal conductivity, and superior electron mobility, graphene is regarded as an extremely attractive component for the preparation of composite materials. At the same time, the use of photocatalysts, particularly TiO2, has also been widely studied for their potential in addressing various energy and environmental‐related issues. However, bare TiO2 suffers from low efficiency and a narrow light‐response range. Therefore, the combination of graphene and TiO2 is currently one of the most active interdisciplinary research areas and demonstrations of photocatalytic enhancement are abundant. This Review presents and discusses the current development of graphene‐based TiO2 photocatalysts. The theoretical framework of the composite, the synthetic strategies for the preparation and modification of graphene‐based TiO2 photocatalysts, and applications of the composite are reviewed, with particular attention on the photodegradation of pollutants and photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation.
Inter‐laboratory assessment of flow cytometric monocyte HLA‐DR expression in clinical samples
Authors: Demaret Julie , Walencik Alexandre , Jacob Marie‐Christine , Timsit Jean‐François , Venet Fabienne , Lepape Alain , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:Diminished expression of human leukocyte antigen DR on circulating monocytes (mHLA‐DR) is a reliable indicator of immunosuppression in critically ill patients, predictive of both adverse outcome and septic complications. The objective of the present work was to test, in an inter‐laboratory clinical study, a standardized protocol for mHLA‐DR measurement by flow cytometry.Methods:mHLA‐DR was assessed in fresh whole blood according to a standardized staining protocol. Cells were analyzed on different flow cytometers (FC500, Navios, FACS Canto II) in different laboratories (Lyon and Grenoble). Results were expressed as numbers of antibodies bound per cell (AB/C).Results:Correlations between results were excellent (Pearson and interclass correlation coefficients > 0.98). Coefficients of variations for intra‐assay precision ranged from 1.9 to 3.2%. Conclusion: The present report highlights the robustness of this standardized flow cytometric protocol for mHLA‐DR measurement in multicentric clinical studies. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society