bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection with Camouflage Reconnaissance in Spectral Imaging
Authors: Nandibewoor Archana , Doni Peddanna , Rashmi Holagundi , Hegde Abhilash 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Camouflage technology is critical in concealing targets in various environments. Traditional detection methods often rely on human visual observations , which are limited in modern combat scenarios. Spectral imaging technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance camouflage detection and recognition. This technology captures both spatial and spectral information from targets, allowing for more effective target detection in high-dimensional space. This study focuses on the anomaly detection reconnaissance of camouflaged targets using spectral imagery. Spectral image data of simulated camouflage scenes were collected, enabling the leverage of both spatial and spectral information for target identification. Multispectral sensors were utilized, and the electromagnetic spectrum, including long-range infrared (LWIR) bands, was explored for improved reconnaissance and surveillance. The methodology includes preprocessing steps such as denoising using the Non-Local Global Means algorithm and Canny edge detection. Edge-preserving techniques were also applied to enhance image quality and improve target edge detection. Anomaly detectors, including RX and LRX algorithms, were employed to identify anomalous objects within the images. Moreover, region filling and spectral matching techniques were introduced to refine results further. Region filling addressed noise and filled detected regions effectively, while spectral matching aided in ground truth identification. The novelty of this research lies in its approach to reconnaissance with masking and spectral matching after anomaly detection. While anomaly detection identifies anomalies, it alone cannot recognize the nature of the detected object. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the potential of spectral imaging in anomaly detection and camouflage reconnaissance. Combining spatial and spectral information and employing advanced algorithms can achieve significant enhancements in target detection capabilities in simulated operational environments.
All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy
Authors: Ferrari Eugenio , Ueda Hiroki , Fainozzi Danny , Osaka Taito , Bencivenga Filippo , Burian Max , Carrara Pietro , Vila-Comamala Joan , Cucini Riccardo , David Christian , Gessini Alessandro , Gerber Simon , Goloborodko Andrii , Hrabec Aleš , Inoue Ichiro , Inubushi Yuichi , Leroy Ludmila Diniz , Roesner Benedikt , Rouxel Jérémy , Serrat Carles , Scagnoli Valerio , Tono Kensuke , Yabashi Makina , Yamada Jumpei , Yamamoto Kohei , Zdora Marie , Beye Martin , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Nelson Keith , Paris Eugenio , Pedrini Bill , Reis David , Masciovecchio Claudio , Chergui Majed , Staub Urs , Svetina Cristian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A microscopic understanding of matter requires the study of excitations across an extended spatial, time and frequency range. The tens of nanometer length-scale is crucial for transport phenomena in liquids and crystals. It holds the key to understanding phenomena such as charge, spin and heat diffusion at the frontier of diffusive and ballistic regimes. At the nanometer scale, disorder, diffusion, and relevant physical phenomena deviate from classical descriptions. It also covers the dynamics of charge/spin ordering and of the lattice. Optical-domain transient gratings (TG) spectroscopy demonstrated access to all relevant degrees of freedom (e.g. charge, lattice, orbital and spin) of matter, but are limited to typically micron-size grating periods. Extreme-Ultraviolet TG spectroscopy has represented a major leap forward as it allowed access to mesoscopic scales. [1–4] Using hard X-rays for excitation and probing can extend TG spectroscopy beyond the aforementioned length scales. While hard X-ray generated TGs and their probing by optical pulses were recently reported, [5,6] here we present an X-ray TG (XTG) study, in which few-femtosecond hard X-ray pulses are used both for excitation and probing. Our study establishes key ingredients that allow previously inaccessible length (and therefore, momentum) regions. Ultrafast all X-ray TG thus emerges as a complementary approach to methods, such as inelastic neutron [7] and X-ray [8] scattering techniques, that are commonly used in the study of microscopic transport phenomena.
Plant Density and Harvesting Number Effect on Some Agronomic Parameters of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni L.)
Authors: boydak erkan , omay irfan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study was established in order to determine yield and quality parameters of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni L.) harvesting numbers at different plant densities (25x50, 30×50, 35x50, 40 × 50 cm) in 2017-18. The experiment was carried out with 4 replications according to the “split plots trial pattern’’. Results; In 2017, plant height was obtained 82.31 and 57.31 cm, Fresh Herb Weight per Plant was 62.79 and 24.38 g plant-1, Fresh Branch Weight per Plant was 38.17 and 8.71 g plant-1, Number of Branches per Plant was 13.88 and 1.71 pcs/plant, Dry Herb Weight per Plant was 18.79 and 6.96 g plant-1, Dry Branch Weight per Plant was 11, 38 to 2.38 g plant-1, fresh branch yield 219.98 to 46.44 kg/ha, fresh leaf weight per plant 24.09 to 15.59 g plant-1, fresh leaf yield 192.68 to 83.12 kg/ha, dry branch yield 74.85 to 12.68 kg/ha, dry leaf weight per plant 7.17 to 4.42 g plant-1, dry leaf yield 57.34 to 23.56 kg/ha. In 2018, plant height was obtained 86.00 to 67.75 cm, Fresh Herb Weight per Plant 52.24 to 34.44 g plant-1, Fresh Branch Weight per Plant 29.24 to 17.27 g plant-1, Number of Branches per Plant 4.25 to 2.75 pcs/plant, Dry Herb Weight per Plant 20.56 to 13.12 g plant-1, Dry Branch Weight per Plant 10, 57 to 4.11 g plant-1, Fresh Branch yield 233.93 to 92.09 kgha-1, Fresh Leaf weight per plant 28.28 to 15.56 g plant-1, Fresh leaf yield 226.20 to 124.50 kgha-1, Dry Branch yield 84.55 to 21.94 kgha-1, Dry Leaf weight per plant 11.79 to 7.94 g plant-1, Dry leaf yield 94.30 to 47.03 kgha-1. When the averages of plant densities are examined, higher values were obtained from the densest plant density (25 x 50 cm) in almost all parameters, while a few parameters were obtained from a lower plant density. When the first and second harvest mean values were compared, the second harvest data had higher values in all parameters except for Number of Branches per Plant, Fresh Leaf Weight per Plant and Fresh Leaf Yield.
The Effect of Different Plant Population and Plant Age on Some Yield and Quality Parameters of Sugar Grass (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni L.)
Authors: boydak erkan , omay irfan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study was established in 2017 and 2018 to determine the yield and quality parameters of sugar grass (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni L.) at different plant densities (25x50, 30×50, 35x50, 40×50 cm) and number of harvesting (1st harvest and 2nd harvest). The experiment was carried out according to ‘split plots experimental design’ with 4 replications. Fresh herb yield, dry herb yield, stevioside (steviol glycoside) ratio, different sugar components in leaves, rebaudioside A, B and C (Reb A, Reb C, Reb D) were analysed. As a result, the highest fresh herb yield was obtained at 25x50 cm plant density with 502.33 kg/da and 417.90 kg/da in the first and second year, respectively in the 2nd form, while the lowest fresh herb yield was obtained at 40x50 cm plant density in the 1st form with 129.99 kg/da and 223.76 kg/da, respectively. The highest dry herb yield was obtained in the first and second year with 150,32 kg/da and 164,50 kg/da at 25x50 cm plant density in the 2nd form, and the lowest dry herb yield was obtained with 37,12 kg/da and 69,93 kg/da at 40x50 cm plant density in the 1st form. Stevioside ratios were between 7.47 and 5.71 in the first year and between 7.69 and 6.58 in the second year, the amounts of different sugar components in the leaves were between 13.27 mg/ml and 10.37 mg/ml in the first year and between 13.47 mg/ml and 10.85 mg/ml in the second year, RebaudiosideA ratios were between 13.27 mg/ml and 10.37 mg/ml in the first year and between 13.47 mg/ml and 10.85 mg/ml in the second year, 09 to 2.39 in the first year and 3.20 to 2.58 in the second year, RebaudiosideC rates varied between 1.00 and 0.76 in the first year and between 1.15 and 0.76 in the second year, and RebaudiosideD rates varied between 1.56 and 1.07 in the first year and between 1.56 and 0.00 in the second year. According to the results of the two-year study, it was determined that frequent planting, especially 25x50 cm planting frequency, gave better results in Hayrat district conditions.
Valorization of Dairy Wastewater for the Production of Lipids, Carotenoids, and β-Carotene in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Authors: Gedela Ravi , Dasu Veeranki Venkata , Pakshirajan Kannan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

One of the leading causes of environmental pollution in India is the waste generated from the dairy sector. Significant amounts of organic and inorganic components are characteristics of the wastewater generated by this industry. To address this problem, sustainable and economical methods of lowering its ecological footprint are obligatory. The present study uses raw dairy wastewater (RDW) to synthesise lipids and carotenoids from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Batch and fed-batch experiments were used to scale up the process after shake flask experiments using mineral salt media with RDW. In batch fermentation studies with only RDW resulted in the generation of lipid content, carotenoids, and β-carotene at values of 52.02 ± 1.52 (% w/w), 30.63 ± 0.15 µg.g-1, and 12.42 ± 0.06 µg.g-1. Furthermore, the observed chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was approximately 48.5±0.24%. Additionally, intriguing findings were obtained when RDW was supplemented with 15gL-1 of sodium acetate, increasing the lipid content (% w/w), carotenoids, and β-carotene levels by 66.3 ± 0.3 (% w/w), 64.0 ± 0.32 µg.g-1, and 19.7 ± 0.09 µg.g-1, respectively. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was around 62.3±0.31%. When fed-batch reactor studies were conducted with RDW while maintaining 15gL-1 sodium acetate, notable improvements over batch reactor studies were observed. The experimental outcomes revealed a lipid content of 72.14 ± 0.3 (% w/w), carotenoid levels of 67.16 ± 0.3 µg.g-1, β-Carotene content of 31.7± 0.15 µg.g-1, and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of approximately 78± 0.3%. A comprehensive study of the lipid samples using gas chromatography revealed a wide range of fatty acid compositions. This thorough characterization underscores their significant potential for utilization in biodiesel production.
Optical Properties Behavior of Barium W-type Ferrite doping by Zinc
Authors: H.Khoreem Sadiq , A.H.AL-hammadi  
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The ceramic process was used for making the Barium w-type ferrite powder, which has the composition formula BaNi2-xZnxFe16O27, where x=0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2. In essence, the single-phase w-type hexagonal structure development is confirmed by the X-ray investigation. The concentration of zinc increases along with a modest increase in the lattice constant. An analysis of the sample using UV-VIS was done. Zinc may be obtained at varying concentrations, and it is discovered that band gaps exist in the semiconducting zone. There was a consistent variation in the optical constants of absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and reflection with Zn content. It can be seen that the optical and electrical conductivity rise with photoenergy, and that the samples' conductivity peak grows as the Zn content decreases. As the electric susceptibility rises, it falls . When the concentration of zinc increases, the electric susceptibility falls.
Kontruksi Sosial Tradisi Zikir Fida’ Pada Bulan Suro (Studi Living Qur’an dan Sunnah di Desa Wateskroyo Kecamatan Besuki Kabupaten Tulungagung)
Authors: Saepuloh Ahmat 
Published: August 2024

Tradisi zikir fida>’ pada bulan Suro oleh masyarakat desa Wateskroyo bukan sekedar tradisi keagamaan semata. Akan tetapi itu merupakan salah satu bentuk wajah al-Qur’an dan Sunnah yang hidup di masyarakat akibat penafsiran dan reformulasi progresif terhadap al-Qur’an dan Sunnah. Permasalahan yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian ini: pertama, bagaimana model variasi living Qur’an dan sunnah yang ada dalam tradisi zikir fida’ bulan Suro? Kedua, bagaimana kontruksi sosial pembacaan zikir fida’ bagi masayarakat desa Wateskroyo? Fenomena ini akan dianalisis menggunakan teori kontruksi social-nya Berger. Dalam pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari penelitian ditemukan enam ragam living Qur’an dan Sunnah dalam tradisi zikir fida>’ pada bulan Suro di desa Wateskroyo. Tradisi pembacaan zikir fida>’ terbentuk karena adanya tiga momen dialektik. Pertama, ekternalisasi, adanya budaya nahdliyin yang kental di masyarakat serta dogma dan ajaran tokoh agama yang membentuk. Kedua, Objektifasi. Rasa tenang dan harapan mendapatkan berkah serta mendapatkan ampunan serta tujuan dari zikir fida>’ sendiri merupakan daya tarik khusus yang bisa membuat tradisi tersebut masih tetap berlangsung. Ketiga, internalisasi. Masyarakat memiliki respon yang berbeda-beda terkait tradisi zikir fida>’ pada bulan Suro ini. Bagi yang menerima dan menjalankan tradisi ini juga mempunyai makna yang subjektif dan variatif. Ada yang memaknainya sebagai media untuk menarik masyarakat untuk memakmurkan masjid, media melatih masyarakat agar suka berzikir, momen silaturrahmi antar warga, melatih jiwa kedermawanan, momen mendekatkan diri kepada Allah Swt, perantara mendapatkan ampunan dan perantara untuk ketenangan hati.
Kedudukan Linguistik Dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an: Telaah Pemikiran Āmīn Al-Khūlī Dan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid
Authors: Irfani Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Pengkaji al-Qur’an mengakui bahwa muncul keragaman metode penafsiran untuk menginterpretasikan teks al-Qur’an. Adalah linguistik salah satu metode penafsiran yang digunakan untuk menafsirkan al-Qur’an. Nyatanya kajian linguistik menjadi tahapan dalam penafsiran sebagaimana yang dinyalakan oleh Amīn al-Khūlī dan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid dalam melakukan pembaruan dalam metode penafsiran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan (library reseach) dengan menggunakan sumber berupa buku, majalah, jurnal atau tulisan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Amīn al-Khūlī dan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid menjadikan linguistik menjadi pijakan yang utama dalam menemukan penafsirsan teks al-Qur’an, dimana al-Khūlī mendudukan kajian sastra sebagai prioritas pemerolehan makna, yang dalam hal ini kajian linguistik menjadi pijakan dalam interpretasi teks. Sedangkan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid mendudukan linguistik hanya sebagai proses tahapan awal menginterpretasikan teks al-Qur’an. Tahapan selanjutnya masih dibutuhkan pendekatan lain yang menjadi penyelaras interpretasi dengan kondisi masa kini, baik teologi, filsafat, historis maupun sosial dan budaya. Rumusan metode penafsiran mereka berdua bertujuan untuk membebaskan dari unsur subyektifitas penafsir.
How open is the asteroid-mass primordial black hole window?
Authors: Gorton Matthew , Green Anne 
Published: August 2024

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can make up all of the dark matter (DM) if their mass, mm, is in the so-called “asteroid-mass window”, 10^{17} g ≲ m ≲ 10^{22} g1017g≲m≲1022g. Observational constraints on the abundance of PBHs are usually calculated assuming they all have the same mass, however this is unlikely to be a good approximation. PBHs formed from the collapse of large density perturbations during radiation domination are expected to have an extended mass function (MF), due to the effects of critical collapse. The PBH MF is often assumed to be lognormal, however it has recently been shown that other functions are a better fit to numerically calculated MFs. We recalculate both current and potential future constraints for these improved fitting functions. We find that for current constraints the asteroid-mass window narrows, but remains open (i.e. all of the DM can be in the form of PBHs) unless the PBH MF is wider than expected. Future evaporation and microlensing constraints may together exclude all of the DM being in PBHs, depending on the width of the PBH MF and also the shape of its low and high mass tails.
miRNA-Targeted Vaccines: A Promising Approach for Viral Attenuation and Immunogenicity Enhancement
Authors: Debnath Abhijit , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Tripathi Soumya , Dua Arpita , Singh Rajesh , Mangal Saloni , Sanchitra Jahanvi , Pandey Pratibha , Pal Biplab , Chaudhary Hema , Sharma Parul , Srivastava Shikha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a significant tool in the realm of vaccinology,
offering novel approaches to vaccine development. This study investigates the potential of miRNAs
in the development of advanced vaccines, with an emphasis on how they regulate immune response
and control viral replication. We go over the molecular features of miRNAs, such as their
capacity to direct post-transcriptional regulation toward mRNAs, hence regulating the expression
of genes in diverse tissues and cells. This property is harnessed to develop live attenuated
vaccines that are tissue-specific, enhancing safety and immunogenicity. The review highlights recent
advancements in using miRNA-targeted vaccines against viruses like influenza, poliovirus,
and tick-borne encephalitis virus, demonstrating their attenuated replication in specific tissues
while retaining immunogenicity. We also explored the function of miRNAs in the biology of cancer,
highlighting their potential to develop cancer vaccines through targeting miRNAs that are
overexpressed in tumor cells. The difficulties in developing miRNA vaccines are also covered in
this work, including delivery, stability, off-target effects, and the requirement for individualized
cancer treatment plans. We wrap off by discussing the potential of miRNA vaccines and highlighting
how they will influence the development of vaccination techniques for cancer and infectious
diseases in the future.
Investigating Tattoo Pigments Composition with UV-Vis and FT-IR Spectroscopy supported by Chemometric Modelling
Authors: Singh Ajay Vikram , Bansod Girija , Schumann Angelina , Bierkandt Frank S. , Laux Peter , Nakhale Sweta Vijay , Shelar Amruta , Patil Rajendra , Luch Andreas 
Published: August 2024

Aims:
This study investigates the composition of tattoo pigments to ensure their safe application
in tattoo art, evaluating the viability of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, coupled with
chemometrics, for predicting pigment contents in tattoo inks.

Background:
Analyzing pigments in tattoo inks poses challenges in maintaining quality. This study
addresses the difficulties by proposing the use of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, along with
chemometrics, as potential solutions for effective monitoring.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the content of red (PR) 170/254 and pigment blue
(PB) 15:3 in tattoo inks from diverse suppliers and examine the distinct chemical structures and existing
impurities in the samples using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, employing regression models
for data analysis.

Method:
We collected UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra from the tattoo ink samples and utilized regression
models for data analysis. We assessed correlations across spectrum areas, emphasizing coefficients
of determination for cross-validation. Subsequently, we compared the results obtained from both
spectroscopic methods in terms of pigment identity and evaluated the suitability of UV-Vis spectroscopy
for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. Finally, we employed
chemometric modeling to enhance predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional
group and fingerprint region of the spectra.

Results:
Significant correlations were observed across both UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrum areas, with
coefficients of determination for cross-validation exceeding 0.7 for most parameters. Both spectroscopic
methods yielded nearly identical results regarding pigment identity. UV-Vis spectroscopy
proved to be a suitable method for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution.
Chemometric modeling enhanced predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional
group and fingerprint region of the spectra.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the significance of utilizing UV-Vis and FT-IR wavelengths
from various suppliers to determine pigment structures in tattoo inks. The consistent and comparable
results from both spectroscopic methods highlight their efficacy in characterizing pigments. UV-Vis
spectroscopy, in particular, emerged as a valuable tool for assessing changes in pigment concentration
and structural evolution. The improved predictions through chemometric modeling further emphasize
the utility of these analytical approaches in ensuring the safe use of tattoo inks in the art of
tattooing.
Identifying Key Clinical Indicators Associated with the Risk of Death in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ma QingLan , Ren Jingxin , Chen Lei , Guo Wei , Feng KaiYan , Huang Tao , Cai Yu-Dong 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Accurately predicting survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is crucial
but challenging due to multiple risk factors. This study addresses the limitations of existing research
by proposing a comprehensive machine-learning framework to identify key mortality risk factors
and develop a robust predictive model.

Objective:
This study proposes an analytical framework that leverages various machine learning
techniques to predict the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients accurately. The framework
comprehensively evaluates multiple clinical indicators and their associations with mortality risk.

Method:
Patient data, including gender, age, health condition, and smoking habits, was divided into
discharged (n=507) and deceased (n=300) categories. Each patient was characterized by 92 clinical
features. The framework incorporated seven feature ranking algorithms (LASSO, LightGBM,
MCFS, mRMR, RF, CATBoost, and XGBoost), the IFS method, and four classification algorithms
(DT, KNN, RF, and SVM).

Results:
Age, diabetes, dyspnea, chronic kidney failure, and high blood pressure were identified as
the most important risk factors. The best model achieved an F1-score of 0.857 using KNN with 34
selected features.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 mortality risk factors and
develops a robust predictive model. The findings highlight the increased risk in patients with
comorbidities, consistent with existing literature. The proposed framework can aid in developing
personalized treatment plans and allocating healthcare resources effectively.