bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple adaptive control – a stable direct model reference adaptive control methodology – brief survey
Authors: Barkana Itzhak 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn spite of successful proofs of stability and even successful demonstrations of performance, the eventual use of model reference adaptive control methodologies in practical real‐world systems has met a rather strong resistance from practitioners and has remained very limited. Apparently, the practitioners have a hard time understanding the conditions that can guarantee stable operations of adaptive control systems under realistic operational environments. Besides, it is difficult to measure the robustness of adaptive control system stability and allow it to be compared with the common and widely used measure of phase margin and gain margin that is utilized by present, mainly LTI, controllers. Furthermore, recent counterexamples seem to show that adaptive systems may diverge even when all required conditions are fulfilled. This paper attempts to revisit the fundamental qualities of the common direct model reference adaptive control methodology based on gradient and to show that some of its basic drawbacks have been addressed and eliminated within the so‐called simple adaptive control methodology. The sufficient conditions that guarantee stability are clearly stated and lead to similarly clear proofs of stability. The main claim of the paper is that if sufficient information exists for a robust classical design control, same information can be used to implement robust simple adaptive controllers. As many real world applications show, the added value of using add‐on adaptive control techniques, the use is pushing the desired performance beyond any previous limits. The paper also shows that the previous counterexamples to model reference adaptive control become just simple, successful, and stable applications of simple adaptive control. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole Containing Polymers for Inverted Solar Cells Devices with High Short Circuit Currents
Authors: Bronstein Hugo , Collado‐Fregoso Elisa , Hadipour Afshin , Soon Ying W. , Huang Zhenggang , Dimitrov Stoichko D. , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Rand Barry P. , Watkins Scott E. , Tuladhar Pabitra S. , Meager Iain , Durrant James R. , McCulloch Iain 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization four diketopyrrolopyrrole containing conjugated polymers for use in organic photovoltaics is presented. Excellent energy level control is demonstrated through heteroatomic substitution whilst maintaining similar solid state properties as shown by X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Inverted solar cells were fabricated with the best devices having short circuit currents exceeding 16 mA cm−2 and efficiencies of over 5% irrespective of whether [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) or [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) is used. Transient absorption spectroscopy on the bulk heterojunction blends shows efficient charge photo‐generation, with the variations in short circuit current correlated to the energetic offset between polymer and fullerene.
Materials‐Scale Implications of Solvent and Temperature on [6,6]‐Phenyl‐C61‐butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM): A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Tummala Naga Rajesh , Mehraeen Shafigh , Fu Yao‐Tsung , Risko Chad , Brédas Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe ability to detail how molecules pack in the bulk and at the various materials interfaces in the active layer of an organic solar cell is important to further understanding overall device performance. Here, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), a preferred electron‐acceptor material in organic solar cells, is studied through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations; the goal is to examine the effects of temperature and trace solvents on the packing and morphological features of bulk PCBM. Solubility (miscibility) parameters, melting and order‐disorder transitions, surface energies, and orientational distributions as a function of different starting configurations are discussed. On the basis of the derived morphologies, electronic structure calculations and a kinetic Monte Carlo approach are combined to evaluate the parameters impacting electron mobility in crystalline and amorphous PCBM structures.
Synthesis, characterization and electrorheological effect of sulfosalt‐type liquid‐crystalline ionomers containing polyaniline units
Authors: Meng Fan‐Bao , Zhou Nai‐Yu , Du Chang , Gao Hong‐Mei , He Xiao‐Zhi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA series of main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers (LCPs) with pendant sulfonic acid groups have been synthesized by use of biphenyl‐4,4′‐diol, 6,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene‐2‐sulfonic acid, and bis(4‐(chlorocarbonyl)phenyl) decanedioate in a one‐step esterification reaction. Emeraldine base form of polyaniline (PAN) is doped by the synthesized sulfonic acid‐containing LCPs to obtain PAN–LCP ionomers. A series of electrorheological (ER) fluids are prepared using the synthesized PAN–LCP ionomers and silicone oil. The chemical structure, liquid‐crystalline behavior, dielectric property of LCPs, and PAN–LCP ionomers, and ER effect of the ER fluids are characterized by use of various experimental techniques. The synthesized sulfonic acid‐containing LCPs and PAN–LCP ionomers display nematic mesophase. The PAN–LCP ionomers show a slight elevation of glass transition temperatures and decrease of enthalpy changes of nematic–isotropic phase transition compared with corresponding sulfonic acid‐containing LCPs. The relative permittivity of the PAN–LCP ionomers is much higher than that of the corresponding sulfonic acid‐containing LCPs. The ER effect of the PAN–LCP ionomer dispersions is better than PAN dispersions, suggesting a synergistic reaction should be occurred among liquid crystalline component, and PAN part under electric fields. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3395–3403, 2013
Effect of Preculture and Loading on Expression of Matrix Molecules, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Cytokines by Expanded Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes
Authors: Jeon June E. , Schrobback Karsten , Meinert Christoph , Sramek Viviana , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Klein Travis J. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveOne of the pathologic changes that occurs during osteoarthritis (OA) is the degeneration of the pericellular matrix (PCM). Since the PCM is likely to be involved in mechanotransduction, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of PCM‐like matrix accumulation in zonal OA chondrocytes and their influence on chondrocyte response to compression.MethodsSuperficial and middle/deep zone chondrocytes from macroscopically normal cartilage of OA knees were expanded and encapsulated in alginate gels. The effects of compression (short‐term or long‐term) and preculture on chondrocyte expression of various matrix molecules, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed. Additionally, nonexpanded chondrocytes were encapsulated in alginate and cultured in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and dexamethasone and analyzed following short‐term compression experiments.ResultsExpanded OA chondrocytes (superficial and middle/deep zone) that were precultured for 2 weeks under free‐swelling conditions prior to dynamic compression responded more sensitively to loading and had increased matrix accumulation, increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐4 levels, and decreased levels of MMP‐2 (in the middle/deep zone) compared to the nonloaded controls. Compression also decreased MMP‐3 and MMP‐13 levels even without preculture. Nonexpanded chondrocytes did not respond to compression, but differences in gene expression were found depending on the zone of harvest, time in culture, and medium composition.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that with predeposited PCM‐like matrix, compressive stimulation can enhance matrix protein accumulation in expanded OA chondrocytes. Investigations into how PCM or other matrix components differentially affect this balance under mechanical loading may provide invaluable insight into OA pathogenesis and the use of expanded cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine–based applications.
Fluid surface reconstruction based on specular reflection model
Authors: Yu Mingqi , Quan Hongyan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper puts forward a hierarchical method of fluid surface modeling in natural landscapes. The proposed method produces a visually plausible surface geometry with the texture from a single video image recorded by a standard video device. In contrast with the conventional physically based fluid simulation, our method computes preliminary results using empirical method and adopts Stokes wave model to obtain the reconstruction result. We illustrate the working of system with a wide range of possible scene, and a qualitative evaluation of our method is provided to verify the quality of the surface geometry. The experiment shows that the method can meet the requirement of real‐time performance and the reality of the fluid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating colliding flows in smoothed particle hydrodynamics with fractional derivatives
Authors: Ozgen Oktar , Sumengen Selcuk , Kallmann Marcelo , Coimbra Carlos FM , Balcisoy Selim 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose a new method based on the use of fractional differentiation for improving the efficiency and realism of simulations based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). SPH represents a popular particle‐based approach for fluid simulation and a high number of particles is typically needed for achieving high quality results. However, as the number of simulated particles increase, the speed of computation degrades accordingly. The proposed method employs fractional differentiation to improve the results obtained with SPH in a given resolution. The approach is based on the observation that effects requiring a high number of particles are most often produced from colliding flows, and therefore, when the modeling of this behavior is improved, higher quality results can be achieved without changing the number of particles being simulated. Our method can be employed to reduce the resolution without significant loss of quality, or to improve the quality of the simulation in the current chosen resolution. The advantages of our method are demonstrated with several quantitative evaluations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Diversity and Chemical Polymorphism of Some Thymus Species
Authors: Rustaiee Ali Reza , Yavari Alireza , Nazeri Vahideh , Shokrpour Majid , Sefidkon Fatemeh , Rasouli Musa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo ascertain whether there are chemical and genetic relationships among some Thymus species and also to determine correlation between these two sets of data, the essential‐oil composition and genetic variability of six populations of Thymus including: T. daenensis Čelak. (two populations), T. fallax Fisch. & C.A.Mey., T. fedtschenkoi Ronniger, T. migricus Klokov & Des.‐Shost., and T. vulgaris L. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS, and also by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Thus, 27 individuals were analyzed using 16 RAPD primers, which generated 264 polymorphic scorable bands and volatiles isolated by distillation extraction were subjected to GC and GC/MS analyses. The yields of oils ranged from 2.1 to 3.8% (v/w), and 34 components were identified, amounting to a total percentage of 97.8–99.9%. RAPD Markers allowed a perfect distinction between the different species based on their distinctive genetic background. However, they did not show identical clustering with the volatile‐oil profiles.
A New Phenolic Constituent and a Cyanogenic Glycoside from Balanophora involucrata (Balanophoraceae)
Authors: She Gai‐Mei , Zhang Ying‐Jun , Yang Chong‐Ren 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBalanophora involucrata Hook.f. & Thomson (Balanophoraceae) is a parasite plant often growing on the roots of leguminous plants. The whole herb has been used medicinally for the treatment of irregular menstruation, cough, hemoptysis, traumatic injury and bleeding, dizziness and gastralgia in Yunnan Province, China. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay on the 60% aq. acetone extract of the fresh whole plant of B. involucrata showed considerable radical‐scavenging activity (SC50 15.3 μg/ml). Further purification on the extract led to the isolation of one new phenolic glycoside, sieboldin‐3′‐ketocarboxylic acid (1), and one new cyanogenic glycoside, proacacipetalin 6′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), together with 26 known compounds including three 4″‐O‐galloyl and 2″,3″‐O‐(S)‐hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) derivatives of dihydrochalcone glucosides, seven hydrolyzable tannins, and alkane glycosides. The cyanogenic compound isolated from the Balanophoraceae family for the first time might be a signal molecule between B. involucrata and its hosts. The free‐radical‐scavenging activity of the isolated compounds was also examined by DPPH assay.
Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and in vitro Antibacterial Screening of Palladium(II) Complexes Derived from Thiosemicarbazone
Authors: Azam Mohammad , Warad Ismail , Al‐Resayes Saud I. , Siddiqui M. Rafiq , Oves M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new series of PdII complexes derived from thiosemicarbazone has been synthesized. The synthesized PdII complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, FT‐IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, UV/VIS, and thermal studies. A square‐planar geometry has been assigned around PdII ions on the basis of results obtained from UV/VIS studies. The thiosemicarbazone ligand and its PdII complexes have been screened against Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria in vitro as growth‐inhibiting agents, and the results revealed significant antibacterial activities.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed α‐(Hetero)Arylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines: Reaction Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Peschiulli Aldo , Smout Veerle , Storr Thomas E. , Mitchell Emily A. , Eliáš Zdeněk , Herrebout Wouter , Berthelot Didier , Meerpoel Lieven , Maes Bert U. W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed sp3 CH activation has emerged as a powerful approach to functionalize saturated cyclic amines. Our group recently disclosed a direct catalytic arylation reaction of piperidines at the α position to the nitrogen atom. 1‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)piperidine could be smoothly α‐arylated if treated with an arylboronic ester in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Ru3(CO)12] and one equivalent of 3‐ethyl‐3‐pentanol. A systematic study on the substrate and reagent scope of this transformation is disclosed in this paper. The effect of substitution on both the piperidine ring and the arylboronic ester has been investigated. Smaller (pyrrolidine) and larger (azepane) saturated ring systems, as well as benzoannulated derivatives, were found to be compatible substrates with the α‐arylation protocol. The successful use of a variety of heteroarylboronic esters as coupling partners further proved the power of this direct functionalization method. Mechanistic studies have allowed for a better understanding of the catalytic cycle of this remarkable transformation featuring an unprecedented direct transmetalation on a RuIIH species.
Pyracene‐Linked Bis‐Imidazolylidene Complexes of Palladium and Some Catalytic Benefits Produced by Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Guisado‐Barrios Gregorio , Hiller Joanna , Peris Eduardo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo new palladium complexes with a pyracene‐linked bis‐imidazolylidene (pyrabim) group have been obtained and fully characterized. The related monometallic analogues were obtained from the coordination of an acetanaphthene‐supported N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The catalytic properties of all complexes were studied in the acylation of aryl halides with hydrocinnamaldehyde, and in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl halides and aryl boronic acids. The results show that the presence of a second metal in the dimetallic complexes induces some benefits in the catalytic behavior of the complexes. This effect is more pronounced in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, for which the dimetallic complexes exhibit significantly higher activity than their monometallic counterparts.
Thermal Restructuring of Silica‐Grafted TiClx Species and Consequences for Epoxidation Catalysis
Authors: Mania Philipp , Verel René , Jenny Florian , Hammond Ceri , Hermans Ive 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTiCl4 grafted to dehydrated silica is an industrially applied catalyst for the epoxidation of propylene. As with many heterogeneous catalysts, the precise nature of the surface species is not yet fully known, prohibiting reliable structure–activity correlations. In this study, the speciation and restructuring of site‐isolated TiIV Lewis acid centers was carefully investigated by using a variety of techniques. The initially formed SiOTiCl3 species were found to restructure upon heating through the transfer of Cl ligands to the silica surface, eventually leading to tripodal (SiO)3TiCl species. The superior activity and stability of such tripodal species is demonstrated for catalytic olefin epoxidation under continuous flow conditions.
Modulating Dye Aggregation by Incorporation into 1D‐MgAPO Nanochannels
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Virginia , García Raquel , Gómez‐Hortigüela Luis , Pérez‐Pariente Joaquín , López‐Arbeloa Iñigo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe fluorescing dye Pyronine Y has been incorporated by crystallization inclusion into three different one‐dimensional microporous aluminophosphate host materials. A computer‐aided rational choice of the framework of the host material made it possible to modulate the aggregation state of the guest dye molecules. Undesirable H‐type dimers of Pyronine Y are included within the large channels of the AFI structure, which allow the inclusion of any of the aggregated species of the dye. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that H‐type aggregate formation is suppressed within the ATS framework. Experimental results indicate that red‐emissive J‐type aggregates are formed instead, offering a one‐directional, organized, multicolour emission system that is interesting for energy transport. Complete suppression of aggregation is achieved by the inclusion of Pyronine Y within the AEL‐type structure, due to its particular topology and channel dimensions This results in a highly fluorescent hybrid system with extraordinarily preferential alignment of the chromophores. Here, we report experimental evidence and modelling insights for how the “cage effect” of the nanochannels can tune the optical properties of the hybrid composite material by influencing the aggregation state of the dye.
Effect of Ester to Amide or N‐Methylamide Substitution on Bacterial Membrane Depolarization and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Cyclic Lipopeptides
Authors: Bionda Nina , Fleeman Renee M. , Shaw Lindsey N. , Cudic Predrag 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCyclic lipopeptides derived from the fusaricidin/LI‐F family of naturally occurring antibiotics represent particularly attractive candidates for the development of new antibacterial agents. In comparison with natural products, these derivatives may offer better stability under physiologically relevant conditions and lower nonspecific toxicity, while preserving their antibacterial activity. In this study we assessed the ability of cyclic lipodepsipeptide 1 and its analogues—amide 2, N‐methylamide 3, and linear peptide 4—to interact with the cytoplasmic membranes of selected Gram‐positive bacteria. We also investigated their bacteriostatic/bactericidal modes of action and in vivo potency by using a Galleria mellonella model of MRSA infection. Cyclic lipopeptides 1 and 2 depolarize the cytoplasmic membranes of Gram‐positive bacteria in a concentration‐dependent manner. The degree of membrane depolarization was influenced by the structural and physical properties of 1 and 2, with the more flexible and hydrophobic peptide 1 being most efficient. However, membrane depolarization does not correlate with bacterial cell lethality, suggesting that membrane‐targeting activity is not the main mode of action for this class of antibacterial peptides. Conversely, substitution of the depsipeptide bond in 1 with an N‐methylamide bond in 3, or its hydrolysis to peptide 4, lead to a complete loss of antibacterial activity and indicate that the conformation of cyclic lipopeptides plays a role in their antibacterial activities. Cyclic lipopeptides 1 and 2 are also capable of improving the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with MRSA at varying efficiencies, reflecting their in vitro activities. Gaining more insight into the structure–activity relationship and mode of action of these cyclic lipopeptides may enable the development of new antibiotics of this class with improved antibacterial activity.
Software for simulating dichromatic perception of video streams
Authors: Luque María José , de Fez Dolores , Acevedo Pablo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe have designed a configurable stand‐alone Matlab‐based software to simulate dichromatic perception of video streams. The algorithm used is an extension for video streams of the “corresponding pair algorithm” by Capilla and coworkers for simulation of dichromatic perception of images. The software allows the user to upload a video sequence and to process it using different dichromatic color vision models and viewing conditions. The output video may be generated in different spatial and temporal resolutions and file formats. The functions for Matlab environment and a stand‐alone application may be downloaded from the Repository of the University of Alicante. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 486–491, 2014
Spectral deconvolution applications for colorimetry
Authors: Gardner James L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDeconvolution based on the Richardson‐Lucy algorithm, recently suggested to be an effective method of reducing instrumental broadening effects in radiometric spectra, is applied to two examples relevant to colorimetry. The first is chromaticity measurement of light‐emitting diodes, where results are compared with more traditional weighted‐mean bandwidth correction. The second is accurate calibration of the wavelength scale of a medium‐resolution array spectrometer. Deconvolution is shown to be an effective tool in both cases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 430–435, 2014
Deep‐black‐coloring effect of fabrics made of noncircular cross‐section polyester filaments
Authors: Liu Xiaosong , Ning Yujing , Wang Fumei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe effects of noncircular cross‐section (NCCS) poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments and its shape factor on deep‐black‐coloring of dyed fabrics were investigated by comparing to that of the circular cross‐section PET ones. Indexes such as K/S, L* and Integ values were used for characterizing the deep‐black‐coloring effect on fabrics. The results indicated that fabrics made with NCCS PET filaments exhibited good deep‐black‐coloring effects. The calculated shape factor of the NCCS PET fiber had a significant correlation with the degree of deep‐black‐coloring exhibited by the fabric made from the fibers. A qualitative optical analysis of the NCCS PET fibers was carried out to explain the causes of the deep‐coloring of the NCCS fibers. This analysis implies that the contours of the NCCS fiber composed of surfaces with varied curvature increase the scattering of light by lowering specular reflection and increasing interior reflected and refracted light. This, in turn, strengthens the deep‐coloring effect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 511–518, 2014