bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothermic Neuroprotection Is Associated With Recovery of Spectral Edge Frequency After Asphyxia in Preterm Fetal Sheep
Authors: Wassink Guido , Barrett Robert D. , Davidson Joanne O. , Bennet Laura , Galinsky Robert , Dragunow Michael , Gunn Alistair J. 
Published: January 2015

Background and Purpose—
Electroencephalographic recovery is predictive of outcome after perinatal hypoxia–ischemia, but it is unknown whether early changes in electroencephalographic can predict the response to therapeutic hypothermia in the preterm brain.

Methods—
0.7 gestation fetal sheep received umbilical cord occlusion or sham occlusion for 25 minutes, followed by sham hypothermia or whole-body cooling started either 30 minutes or 5 hours after occlusion and continued for 72 hours.

Results—

Early but not delayed hypothermia reduced neuronal loss and microglial induction in the striatum, with faster recovery of spectral edge frequency, reduced seizure burden, and less suppression of electroencephalographic amplitude (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
Recovery of higher electroencephalographic frequencies may be a biomarker of effective hypothermic neuroprotection in the preterm-equivalent brain.
Treatment of postnatal depression with cognitive behavioural therapy, sertraline and combination therapy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Milgrom Jeannette , Gemmill Alan W , Ericksen Jennifer , Burrows Graham , Buist Anne , Reece John 
Published: January 2015

Objectives: Both antidepressant medications and psychological therapy are common treatments for depression in postpartum women. Antidepressant treatment may have a number of practical disadvantages, including a preference by women to avoid medication while breastfeeding. Consequently, more information about the relative benefits of the two modalities in the perinatal period is helpful. In the treatment of depressive disorders there is some evidence that combination therapies (pharmacological plus psychological treatment) may be more efficacious than either form of mono-therapy in isolation. However, in the treatment of postnatal depression, such evidence is limited. Method: Forty five postpartum women with a DSM-IV diagnosis of depression were randomised to receive either: 1) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT); 2) sertraline, or 3) a combination of both treatment modalities. Psychometric measures were collected weekly for 12 weeks, with a follow-up at 24 weeks. Results: Symptoms of depression and anxiety were reduced to a significant degree following all three treatments. CBT mono-therapy was found to be superior to both sertraline mono-therapy and combination therapy after 12 weeks. The CBT mono-therapy group appeared to display the most rapid initial gains after treatment commencement. Conclusions: In this sample, a specialised CBT program for postnatal depression was found to be superior as a mono-therapy compared to sertraline, a commonly prescribed SSRI antidepressant. This is in contrast to previous studies which have found no detectable difference in the efficacies of drug and psychological treatment for postnatal depression. Unlike some previous work, this study allowed a statistically independent evaluation of CBT mono-therapy for postnatal depression compared to both antidepressant and combination therapy. In line with previous studies in postpartum women, there was no detectable advantage of combining pharmacological and psychological treatments in the short term.
The New Chinese Community in New Zealand: Local Outcomes of Transnationalism
Authors: Friesen Manying Ip Wardlow 
Published: January 2015

The new Chinese community in New Zealand (formed since 1987) is made up of immigrants from the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia as well as other countries. Initially looked upon as harbingers of the “Asian economic miracle” by the New Zealand government, the new arrivals met with numerous unforeseen difficulties. This article is based on the findings of surveys and in-depth interviews in which the primary migrants were asked about their motives for migration, the economic and social outcomes of their migration, their perception of the comparative strengths of their native land and New Zealand, and their long-term view on settlement and return migration. The surveys are also set against background statistics from the 1996 census as well as immigration figures up to 2000. The findings challenge the assumption of the importance of the economic motivation of migration, and point to the primacy of social and environmental factors. They also suggest that transnationalism is a long-term strategy, instead of a temporary expediency, but also that most Chinese migrants in New Zealand have tried to integrate with the host society when possible.
South Asian Immigrant Women Organize for Social Change in the Diaspora: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ralston Helen 
Published: January 2015

The paper uses a feminist theoretical perspective and methodology to explore the lived experience of South Asian immigrant women. It operationalizes empowerment in terms of community organization. It examines various organizational activities which unite and empower the women. The paper draws on qualitative comparative data from original research among women in Atlantic Canada (n=126), in British Columbia, Canada (100 women), in Australia (n=50) and in New Zealand (n=10). The field work, which was conducted in Atlantic Canada between 1988 and 1991 and the remainder between November 1993 and May 1995, involved one-to-one interviews and limited participant observation in the women's everyday activities. The research has suggested that patriarchal relations of ruling in family, community and society, race, gender, class discrimination, and region of settlement, are major factors in South Asian women's lived experience of subordination, oppression and disempowerment. Nevertheless, a large number of community organizations provided services which gave them a self-conscious awareness of a new identity and a measure of control over their lives and resources. Women's advocacy organizations explicitly aimed to produce a gender-sensitive consciousness and to address discrimination and oppression. Such organizations contributed to empowerment by creating solidarity among the women and by proactively working for change in relations of ruling. Through collective advocacy and action, South Asian immigrant women's lived experience can be that of empowerment and justice in family, community and society.
Understanding and mitigating overheating and indoor PM2.5 risks using coupled temperature and indoor air quality models
Authors: Taylor Jonathon , Mavrogianni A , Davies M , Das P , Shrubsole Clive , Biddulph P , Oikonomou E 
Published: January 2015

Indoor temperature and air quality in dwellings are closely coupled. Differences between the indoor temperature and the temperature outside and in adjoining zones can influence airflow due to the stack effect, whilst changes in ventilation can cause changes in indoor pollution and temperature. This paper demonstrates the relationship between an indoor air pollutant, PM2.5, and temperature in UK domestic building archetypes using the dynamic thermal and contaminant modelling capabilities of EnergyPlus 8.0 under various UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) scenarios (current, current ‘hot’, 2050 High Emissions and 2050 High Emissions ‘hot’), with both internal and external PM2.5 sources. Results indicate that flats have 0.7–0.8 times as much outdoor PM2.5 infiltrating indoors compared to detached dwellings, but 1.8–2.8 times more PM2.5 from indoor sources. During hot periods, temperature-dependent window opening increases exposure to outdoor PM2.5, meaning that as temperatures rises, dwelling occupants will become exposed to relatively higher levels of outdoor PM2.5 and lower levels of indoor PM2.5 due to the need to increase dwelling ventilation. The practical implications for government and designers and possible policy implications of this research are discussed. Practical applications: This paper demonstrates how an increase in summertime ventilation is necessary in UK homes to reduce overheating risks due to climate change and energy-efficient building retrofits. This, in turn, will lead to a change in the profile of indoor air pollution exposure, with greater exposure to pollution from outdoor sources and reduced exposure to pollution from indoor sources. Roof insulation and trickle vents reduce overheating risk, whilst increased use of mechanical ventilation heat recovery systems in the UK is encouraged, as it offers the co-benefits of cooling through increased ventilation, energy recovery and the potential to reduce indoor pollution levels.
Induction suspension plasma sprayed biological-like hydroxyapatite coatings
Authors: Loszach Max , Gitzhofer François 
Published: January 2015

Substituted hydroxyapatite coatings with different ions (Mg, Na, K, Cl, F) have been developed by the induction suspension plasma spray process. Suspensions were prepared with sol–gel. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate that induction suspension plasma spray technology possesses high material composition flexibility that allows as-sprayed coatings to closely mimic natural bone composition. Long-term in vitro behaviour of as-sprayed substituted coatings was evaluated with simulated body fluid. Data on the suspensions showed the formation of a pure hydroxyapatite phase. Transmission electron microscopy characterized various preparation stages of the suspensions. As-sprayed samples were distinguished by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Substituted elements were quantified by neutron activation. A well-crystallized hydroxyapatite phase was produced with concentration in various substitutions very close to natural bone composition. Ca/P and (Ca + Mg + Na + K)/P ratios provided evidence of the introduction of different cations into apatite structures. The immersion of samples into simulated body fluid led to the nucleation and growth of a flake-like octacalcium phosphate crystal layer at the surface of as-sprayed coatings after one week. Proof of octacalcium phosphate transformation and its partial dissolution and direct re-precipitation into apatite was disclosed by local energy dispersive spectroscopy and microstructure observation. Formation of a Ca/P ratio gradient from the precipitated layer surface to the as-sprayed coatings interface was observed after four weeks once the octacalcium phosphate crystals reached a critical size, resulting in the formation of a rich apatite layer at the interface after six weeks. A set of mechanisms has been proposed to explain these findings.
Treatment of Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Courson Alesa , Jones G. Morgan , Twilla Jennifer D. 
Published: January 2015

Objectives: Rifaximin is approved for the reduction of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD); however, few studies have evaluated the benefit of adding rifaximin to lactulose for treatment of acute HE. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of combination therapy with lactulose and rifaximin on hospital length of stay (LOS) and readmission rates. Methods: A retrospective study of patients admitted to an adult hospital within the Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare (MLH) System in Memphis, Tennessee, between 2007 and 2012 was conducted. Patients were identified via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD-9) coding for liver cirrhosis. Results: Of the 173 patients included, 87 (50%) received lactulose monotherapy and 62 (36%) combination therapy, while 24 (14%) underwent therapy escalation. Median LOS was 6 days in monotherapy group and 8 days in combination group ( P = .9). At 180 days, patients receiving combination therapy had fewer readmissions for HE than those receiving monotherapy (2.4% vs 16.2%, P = .02). Conclusion: Addition of rifaximin to lactulose for treatment of acute HE did not reduce hospital LOS; however, it did result in lower readmission rates for HE at 180 days.
Clarifying Sustainable Development Concepts Through Role-Play
Authors: Blanchard Odile , Buchs Arnaud 
Published: January 2015

Purpose. The article aims at assessing the effectiveness of a role-play in addressing two concerns: clarifying the concept of sustainable development and teaching sustainable development issues. Method. The effectiveness of the role-play is gauged by surveying students to reveal how the game matches a set of significant learning criteria defined by Fink. Structure of the article. First, our article provides a short overview of how the concept of sustainable development has emerged and spread over time. Second, in order to assess the learning potential of our role-play, we examine how it addresses the six components of Fink’s taxonomy of significant learning: (a) foundational knowledge, (b) application, (c) integration, (d) human dimensions, (e) caring, and (f) learning how to learn. Results. The assessment shows that our role-play is highly praised by the players as it not only brings them foundational knowledge, but also allows them to enhance many skills. Conclusion. The framework of the role-play contributes to educating about sustainable development as well as educating for sustainable development.
High-Dose Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pontoriero A. , Iatì G. , Mondello S. , Midili F. , Siragusa C. , Brogna A. , Ielo I. , Anastasi G. , Magno C. , Pergolizzi S. , De Renzis C. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can emulate high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BRT) dose fractionation. We report our preliminary results using SBRT in monotherapy or pre-external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) boost in patients with localized prostate cancer (LpC). The primary end point was the evaluation of both acute and late toxicities; secondary end point was the observation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir. Patients and Methods: Patients with LpC having prostate volume ≤90 cm3 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were treated with SBRT alone or in combined modality (SBRT + EBRT). SBRT was performed using a CyberKnife System (Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, California) and fiducial tracking system. Results: From February 2008 to July 2013, 21 patients for monotherapy (38 Gy/4 fractions) and 5 for combined modality (9.5 Gy/2 fractions plus 46 Gy/23 fractions EBRT) were enrolled. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was administered in 16 of the 26 patients. The median pretreatment PSA was 9.4 (range, 4.5-14.3) ng/mL. All patients completed the planned therapy. Acute Grade 1 toxicity was observed in 18 patients, genitourinary (GU) in 12 / 26 patients, and gastrointestinal (GI) in 6 / 26 patients. Acute Grade 2 GU toxicity was reported in 1 / 26 patients, and Grade 2 GI toxicity was observed in 2 / 26 patients. The median PSA nadir was 0.15 (range, 0.02 = 1.4) ng/mL. Late toxicities were observed in 5 / 26 patients: Grade 1 GU (3 of 26), Grade 2 GU (1 of 26), and Grade 1 GI (1 of 26). Median follow-up was 21.5 (range, 8-65) months. Conclusions: Our preliminary results of SBRT “simulating” HDR for LpC confirm a minimal toxicity and an optimal PSA response. The PSA nadirs appear comparable with HDR-BRT.
Notch1 acts via Foxc2 to promote definitive hematopoiesis via effects on hemogenic endothelium
Authors: Jang Il Ho , Lu Yi-Fen , Zhao Long , Wenzel Pamela L. , Kume Tsutomu , Datta Sumon M. , Arora Natasha , Guiu Jordi , Lagha Mounia , Kim Peter G. , Do Eun Kyoung , Kim Jae Ho , Schlaeger Thorsten M. , Zon Leonard I. , Bigas Anna , Burns Caroline E. , Daley George Q. 
Published: January 2015

Key PointsNotch1 induction promotes specification of hemogenic endothelial cells during embryonic stem cell differentiation. Foxc2 functions downstream of Notch in specification of hemogenic endothelium in mouse and zebrafish embryos.
Elevated cerebrovascular resistance index is associated with cognitive dysfunction in the very-old
Authors: Clark Lindsay R , Nation Daniel A , Wierenga Christina E , Bangen Katherine J , Dev Sheena I , Shin David D , Delano-Wood Lisa , Liu Thomas T , Rissman Robert A , Bondi Mark W 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Age-related vascular changes, including blood pressure elevation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction, are associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Evidence suggests that the relationship between blood pressure and dementia risk varies between younger and older samples within the elderly population.

Methods
We examined the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP), CBF, and cognition in young-old (60 to 75 years of age) versus very-old (80+ years of age) adults. Fifty-eight non-demented older adults completed an arterial spin labeling MRI scan, and an index of cerebrovascular resistance (CVRi) was estimated for each participant by calculating the ratio of MAP and CBF.

Results
Results demonstrated a similar negative relationship between MAP and CBF across both age groups. However, very-old participants exhibited elevated CVRi and reduced CBF compared to young-old participants in regions implicated in AD and cerebral small vessel disease. Furthermore, significant age by CVRi interactions revealed that elevated CVRi in the thalamus was inversely related to verbal fluency performance in the very-old group.

Conclusions
Findings support CVRi as a potential vascular biomarker and suggest that regionally-specific vascular changes may contribute to cognitive decline, particularly in the very-old.
Neural correlates of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Heitz Camille , Noblet Vincent , Cretin Benjamin , Philippi Nathalie , Kremer Laurent , Stackfleth Mélanie , Hubele Fabrice , Armspach Jean Paul , Namer Izzie , Blanc Frédéric 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and brain perfusion using single-photon emission computed tomography.

Methods
We retrospectively included 66 patients with DLB, 36 of whom were having visual hallucinations (DLB-hallu) and 30 of whom were not (DLB-c). We assessed visual hallucination severity on a 3-point scale of increasing severity: illusions, simple visual hallucinations and complex visual hallucinations. We performed voxel-level comparisons between the two groups and assessed correlations between perfusion and visual hallucinations severity.

Results
We found a significant decrease in perfusion in the left anterior cingulate cortex, the left orbitofrontal cortex and the left cuneus in the DLB-hallu group compared with the DLB-c group. We also found a significant correlation between decreased bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, right parahippocampal gyrus, right inferior temporal cortex and left cuneus perfusion with the severity of hallucinations.

Conclusions
Visual hallucinations seem to be associated with the impairment of anterior and posterior regions (secondary visual areas, orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex) involved in a top-down and bottom-up mechanism, respectively. Furthermore, involvement of the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and right parahippocampal gyrus seems to lead to more complex hallucinations.
Safety, efficacy and utility of methods of transferring adhesive and cohesive Escherichia coli cells to microplates to avoid aerosols
Authors: Ericksen Bryan 
Published: January 2015

The virtual colony count (VCC) microbiological assay has been utilized for over a decade to measure the antimicrobial activity of peptides such as defensins and LL-37 against biosafety level (BSL)-1 and BSL-2 bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterobacter aerogenes. In addition, a modified pipetting technique was presented in a 2011 study of defensin activity against the BSL-3 pathogen Bacillus anthracis. Both studies were published in the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Here I report that the method can also detect cross-contamination caused by aerosols utilizing the VCC method of data analysis by quantitative growth kinetics (QGK). The QGK threshold time, or Tt, equivalent to the cycle time Ct reported in 1996 by Heid et al., precisely identifies when wells were inoculated.
Orientierungsschätzung mit einem Sliding Mode-Beobachter auf Basis Body Sensor Network-integrierter Inertialsensorik
Authors: Rüschen Daniel , Kim Saim , Leonhardt Steffen , J. E. Misgeld Berno 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen Sliding Mode-Beobachter, der auf einem Prozessmodell der menschlichen Bewegung basiert und dazu genutzt wird, die räumliche Orientierung von Körpersegmenten unter dynamischen Bedingungen zu bestimmen. Dazu kommt eine in ein Body Sensor Network integrierte Inertialsensorik zum Einsatz, mit der die Leistungsfähigkeit des Gesamtsystems in Laufband-Versuchen evaluiert wird.
Regelung eines Prüfstands für Beinprothesen
Authors: Gallinger Simon , Wulff Wulf , Thiele Julius , Kraft Marc 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Zur Funktions- und Betriebsfestigkeitsprüfung moderner Beinprothesen für aktive amputierte Menschen wurde am Fachgebiet
Medizintechnik der TU Berlin ein servohydraulischer Prüfstand entwickelt. Mithilfe einer robusten, adaptiven Regelungsstragie ist
der Gangsimulator in der Lage, komplexe, hochdynamische Bewegungsabläufe mit Beinprothesen mit großer Genauigkeit
durchzuführen.
Prozessanalyse zur Ex-vivo Nierenperfusion – Fokus: Autoregulation
Authors: Gransow Marian , Koch Susanne , Tetschke Florian , Aschenbrenner Ulf , Thiele Christine , Malberg Hagen 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Normotherme ex-vivo Nierenperfusion ist eine vielversprechende Technik zur Erhaltung und Bewertung der Vitalität und Viabilität von Organen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine qualitative Prozessanalyse durchgeführt und nierenspezifische Funktionalitäten werden aufgezeigt. Zusätzlich wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die Autoregulation einer isolierten ex-vivo perfundierten Niere automatisiert zu charakterisieren.
Subcellular distribution of FTY720 and FTY720-phosphate in immune cells – another aspect of Fingolimod action relevant for therapeutic application
Authors: Schröder Matthias , Arlt Olga , Schmidt Helmut , Huwiler Andrea , Angioni Carlo , Pfeilschifter Josef M. , Schwiebs Anja , Radeke Heinfried H. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
FTY720 (Fingolimod; Gilenya®) is an immune-modulatory prodrug which, after intracellular phosphorylation by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) and export, mimics effects of the endogenous lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate. Fingolimod has been introduced to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, little has been published about the immune cell membrane penetration and subcellular distribution of FTY720 and FTY720-P. Thus, we applied a newly established LC-MS/MS method to analyze the subcellular distribution of FTY720 and FTY720-P in subcellular compartments of spleen cells of wild type, SphK1- and SphK2-deficient mice. These studies demonstrated that, when normalized to the original cell volume and calculated on molar basis, FTY720 and FTY720-P dramatically accumulated several hundredfold within immune cells reaching micromolar concentrations. The amount and distribution of FTY720 was differentially affected by SphK1- and SphK2-deficiency. On the background of recently described relevant intracellular FTY720 effects in the nanomolar range and the prolonged application in multiple sclerosis, this data showing a substantial intracellular accumulation of FTY720, has to be considered for benefit/risk ratio estimates.