bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventrointermediate thalamic stimulation improves motor learning in humans
Authors: Voegtle Angela , Terzic Laila , Farahat Amr , Hartong Nanna , Galazky Imke , Hinrichs Hermann , Nasuto Slawomir J. , de Oliveira Andrade Adriano , Knight Robert T. , Ivry Richard B. , Voges Jürgen , Deliano Matthias , Buentjen Lars , Sweeney-Reed Catherine M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVentrointermediate thalamic stimulation (VIM-DBS) modulates oscillatory activity in a cortical network including primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and parietal cortex. Here we show that, beyond the beneficial effects of VIM-DBS on motor execution, this form of invasive stimulation facilitates production of sequential finger movements that follow a repeated sequence. These results highlight the role of thalamo–cortical activity in motor learning.
Label-free morpho-molecular phenotyping of living cancer cells by combined Raman spectroscopy and phase tomography
Authors: Bresci Arianna , Kobayashi-Kirschvink Koseki J. , Cerullo Giulio , Vanna Renzo , So Peter T. C. , Polli Dario , Kang Jeon Woong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate, rapid and non-invasive cancer cell phenotyping is a pressing concern across the life sciences, as standard immuno-chemical imaging and omics require extended sample manipulation. Here we combine Raman micro-spectroscopy and phase tomography to achieve label-free morpho-molecular profiling of human colon cancer cells, following the adenoma, carcinoma, and metastasis disease progression, in living and unperturbed conditions. We describe how to decode and interpret quantitative chemical and co-registered morphological cell traits from Raman fingerprint spectra and refractive index tomograms. Our multimodal imaging strategy rapidly distinguishes cancer phenotypes, limiting observations to a low number of pristine cells in culture. This synergistic dataset allows us to study independent or correlated information in spectral and tomographic maps, and how it benefits cell type inference. This method is a valuable asset in biomedical research, particularly when biological material is in short supply, and it holds the potential for non-invasive monitoring of cancer progression in living organisms.
Higgs-Leggett mechanism for the elusive $${\phi }_{0}/3={hc}/6e$$ oscillation in Little-Parks setup of Kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Zhang Ling-Feng , Wang Zhi , Hu Xiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA recent Little-Parks experiment in Kagome-structured superconductor CsV3Sb5 demonstrated resistance oscillations with period $${\phi }_{0}/3={hc}/6e$$

ϕ

0

/
3
=
h
c
/
6
e
. Here, we perform analysis based on a theory involving three $$2{{{{{\rm{e}}}}}}$$
2
e
superconductivity (SC) order parameters associated with the three reciprocal lattice vectors which connect M points of the hexagonal Brillouin zone. In a ring geometry we find that, as a series of intermediate states, phase of one SC order parameter winds 2π more or less than the other two ones around the ring, which yields local free-energy minima at integer multiples of $${\phi }_{0}/3$$

ϕ

0

/
3
. It is unveiled that the ground-state degeneracy associated with a Z2 chirality is crucial, and the Higgs-Leggett mechanism stabilizes domain walls (DWs) between chiral domains. At low temperatures DWs are expelled from the system resulting in free-energy minima only at integer multiples of $${\phi }_{0}$$

ϕ

0

. Our theory explains successfully the fractional quantization of magnetic flux $${\phi }_{0}/3$$

ϕ

0

/
3
observed in experiments, which opens a door for approaching rich physics of Kagome superconductors.
Perturbation-tuned triple spiral metamagnetism and tricritical point in kagome metal ErMn6Sn6
Authors: Samatham Satya Shanmukharao , Casey Jacob , Szucs Adrienn Maria , Yenugonda Venkateswara , Burgio Christopher , Siegrist Theo , Pathak Arjun K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKagome materials are of topical interest for their diverse quantum properties linked with correlated magnetism and topology. Here, we report anomalous hydrostatic pressure (p) effect on ErMn6Sn6 through isobaric and isothermal-isobaric magnetization measurements. Magnetic field (H) suppresses antiferromagnetic TN while simultaneously enhancing the ferrimagnetic TC by exhibiting dual metamagnetic transitions, arising from the triple-spiral-nature of Er and Mn spins. Counter-intuitively, pressure enhances both TC and TN with a growth rate of 74.4 K GPa−1 and 14.4 K GPa−1 respectively. Pressure unifies the dual metamagnetic transitions as illustrated through p-H phase diagrams at 140 and 200 K. Temperature-field-pressure (T-H, T-p) phase diagrams illustrate distinct field- and pressure-induced critical points at (Tcr = 246 K, Hcr = 23.3 kOe) and (Tcr = 435.8 K, pcr = 4.74 GPa) respectively. An unusual increase of magnetic entropy by pressure around Tcr and a putative pressure-induced tricritical point pave a unique way of tuning the magnetic properties of kagome magnets through simultaneous application of H and p.
All-photonic artificial synapses based on photochromic perovskites for noncontact neuromorphic visual perception
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hu Fangzhen , Hou Qing , Hu Jinming , Wang Yimeng , Chen Xi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently optoelectronic synapses generating light-driven electrical memories have played a vital role in the neuromorphic computing of visual perception. However, all the optoelectronic synapses demonstrate photoelectric conversion. Peripheral circuits are used for contact photocurrent measurement, leading to significant energy consumption and impeding the evolution of optical wireless communication. It is crucial to develop noncontact neuromorphic visual perception based on light-driven photonic memories. Herein, we report all-photonic artificial synapses based on photochromic perovskites. Triggered by ultraviolet and visible light pulses, cesium lead iodide bromine induces a structural disorder. Optical transmittance changes induced by the disorder last after the pulses are gone. Next, the photonic memories are propagated in the air and processed by a recurrent neural network. The accuracy of binary image recognition is instantly stabilized at 1.0, and accuracy above 0.8 after 7 epochs is achieved in the recognition of digitals from 0 to 9. The all-photonic synapses realize remote perception with zero in-situ energy consumption and enable artificial sensory systems with low-power computation, remote control, and ultrahigh propagation speed.
Condensation of organic-inorganic vapours governs the production of ultrafine secondary marine cloud nuclei
Authors: Xu Wei , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Fossum Kirsten N. , Huang Ru-Jin , Huang Dan Dan , Zhong Haobin , Gu Yifang , Lin Chunshui , Huang Cheng , O’Dowd Colin , Ceburnis Darius 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUltrafine secondary marine aerosol (<100 nm), formed via gas-to-particle conversion, can make an important contribution to the number of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer. It has long been known that the growth of ultrafine secondary marine aerosol cannot be sustained solely by condensation of the inorganic species that drive the initial nucleation, and condensation of organic vapours has been suggested as the most likely mechanism. However, the evidence from field observations had been lacking. Here we report observational evidence on the importance of the condensation of organic and inorganic vapours onto Aitken mode particles in forming cloud condensation nuclei. Further long-term analysis (over 10 years) with additional hygroscopicity growth measurements reveals that the ultrafine secondary marine aerosol growth events are driven by condensation of biogenic vapours, which leads to up to substantial increases in cloud condensation nuclei number at realistic marine cloud supersaturation.
A rapid narrative review of the clinical evolution of psychedelic treatment in clinical trials
Authors: Kishon Ronit , Modlin Nadav Liam , Cycowicz Yael M. , Mourtada Hania , Wilson Tayler , Williamson Victoria , Cleare Anthony , Rucker James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPre-prohibition psychedelic research with complex psychiatric patients generated a wealth of treatment methodologies and practices, providing invaluable clinical insights pertaining to the medical administration of psychedelics in various mental health diagnoses. Building upon these early studies, which lack the rigor and research tools available today, contemporary psychedelic research has focused on investigating the safety and efficacy of psychedelics in randomized controlled trials via psychometric measures and symptom assessments. Both then and now, the treatment context and the role of clinicians in psychedelic treatment has been recognized as an essential feature for positive patient outcomes. To broaden the knowledge base of modern psychedelic research and support the training of clinicians conducting medically supervised psychedelic research studies, this paper provides a review of pre-prohibition clinical research narratives pertaining to the phenomenology of psychedelic treatment and the role of the non-pharmacological treatment factors in the patient experience. Lastly, this paper explores a range of clinician perspectives and psychological interventions employed in pre-prohibition psychedelic research to inform future research directions and best practice guidelines.
Liberal-conservative asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies are partly explained by psychological differences in a nationally representative U.S. sample
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Débora , Jost John T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBased on theory and research in political psychology, we hypothesized that liberal-conservative differences in right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political system justification would contribute to asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies. These hypotheses were tested in a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (N = 1557). Results revealed that conservatives were less supportive of political equality and legal rights and guarantees and more willing to defect from democratic “rules of the game” and vote for anti-democratic candidates, even after adjusting for political extremism. Mediational analyses suggested that conservatives’ anti-democratic tendencies were partially attributable to higher levels of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Conservatives also scored higher in political system justification, which was associated with support for free speech and mitigated anti-democratic tendencies. Democrats and Republicans who approved January 6, 2021, insurrectionists were more conservative and higher in right-wing authoritarianism than those who did not. Implications for social psychology and society are discussed.
Climate change advocacy and cancer clinical trial organisations
Authors: Oo Nay My , Weadick Catherine S. , Murphy Lucy , O’Reilly Seamus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Climate change is a threat to human health; equally health care is a threat to climate change as it accounts for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions and 30% of the world’s electronically stored data. 350,000 international trials are registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with ~27·5 million tonnes of emissions (equivalent to half of annual Danish emissions).

Methods
In September 2023 climate awareness among cancer clinical trial organisations was assessed via a web-based scoping exercise.

Results
Seventy-five organisations were identified of whom 46 had search tools on their websites. Eight out of 46 clinical trial groups had at least one parameter of commitment to climate change, and 38 organisations had none. Of 46 websites, 5 had climate change position statements or policies, 4 had a committee or task force, 1 provided patient education resources for climate change via video link, 7 included green initiative advice and 8 had publications addressing climate change. Only 5 were listed as members of Climate Change Consortiums.

Conclusions
Based on website assessment climate advocacy among cancer clinical trial organisations is low, and efforts to encourage climate engagement are needed.
A short review on green H2 production by aqueous phase reforming of biomass derivatives
Authors: Leng Songqi , Barghi Shahzad , Xu Chunbao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to high energy content and environmentally friendly attributes, hydrogen is regarded as an ideal energy carrier, serving as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Steam reforming of fossil fuels is currently the dominant source of hydrogen production with negative environmental impacts, therefore aqueous phase reforming (APR) of biomass derivatives represents an attractive method for green hydrogen production due to its relatively mild operating temperatures and carbon neutrality. This work provides an overview of the types of catalysts employed in the APR process and their pros and cons regarding their performance and operating conditions. Effects of various catalyst supports, e.g., alloy oxides, composite active metals and ceria, and feedstocks, on performance of the catalysts in APR are also discussed. Recent advances and challenges in APR are summarized into several aspects, (1) doping metals/inorganics into support, (2) structural manipulation and defect induction to support, (3) synthesis of single-atom catalysts, (4) development of more eco-friendly processes or catalysts. The present review can provide guidance for prospective development of efficient catalysts and supports for APR of biomass derivatives for green H2 production.
Sustainable co-production of porous graphitic carbon and synthesis gas from biomass resources
Authors: Pusarapu Vishnu , Narayana Sarma Rakesh , Ochonma Prince , Gadikota Greeshma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExisting pathways to produce graphite which include extraction of natural graphite impact the environment, while the conversion of fossil-driven carbon to graphite around temperatures as high as 3000 °C consumes large quantities of energy. Potassium - catalyzed graphitization is a more sustainable route and can achieve graphitic carbon formation at temperatures lower than 1000 °C, while enhancing pore formation and creating porous graphitic carbon (PGC). This two-step approach involves carbonization followed by graphitization. However, the compositions of the gaseous products have not been reported in prior studies. In this perspective, the chemical transformations underlying Alkaline Thermal Graphitization (ATG) for the co-production of synthesis gas (H2 and CO) and PGC in a single step, utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, are reported. The presence of graphitic and porous carbon structures in PGC are well suited for supercapacitor applications. This promising approach maximizes resource recovery by upgrading volatile matter to synthesis gas and low value biomass residues to porous graphitic carbon (PGC), thus co-producing sustainable fuels and energy storage materials, while lowering CO2 emissions compared to existing pathways to produce graphite.
Classifying topology in photonic crystal slabs with radiative environments
Authors: Wong Stephan , Loring Terry A. , Cerjan Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the recent years, photonic Chern materials have attracted substantial interest as they feature topological edge states that are robust against disorder, promising to realize defect-agnostic integrated photonic crystal slab devices. However, the out-of-plane radiative losses in those photonic Chern slabs has been previously neglected, yielding limited accuracy for predictions of these systems’ topological protection. Here, we develop a general framework for measuring the topological protection in photonic systems, such as in photonic crystal slabs, while accounting for in-plane and out-of-plane radiative losses. Our approach relies on the spectral localizer that combines the position and Hamiltonian matrices of the system to draw a real-picture of the system’s topology. This operator-based approach to topology allows us to use an effective Hamiltonian directly derived from the full-wave Maxwell equations after discretization via finite-elements method (FEM), resulting in the full account of all the system’s physical processes. As the spectral FEM-localizer is constructed solely from FEM discretization of the system’s master equation, the proposed framework is applicable to any physical system and is compatible with commonly used FEM software. Moving forward, we anticipate the generality of the method to aid in the topological classification of a broad range of complex physical systems.
Semiconductor core fibres: a scalable platform for nonlinear photonics
Authors: Huang Meng , Ballato John , Peacock Anna C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSemiconductor core, glass cladding fibres that can be produced with scalable dimensions and unique waveguide designs are offering new opportunities for nonlinear photonics. This paper reviews developments in the fabrication and post-processing of such semiconductor core fibres and their enabling of low loss and high efficiency nonlinear components across wavelengths spanning the near- to mid-infrared. Through adaption and expansion of the production processes, routes to new core materials are being opened that could extend the application space, whilst all-fibre integration methods will result in more robust and practical semiconductor systems. Through continued improvement in the core materials, fibre designs and transmission losses, semiconductor fibres are poised to bring unique functionality to both the fibre and semiconductor research fields and their practical application into a myriad of optoelectronic devices.
Research on the design and control of an anthropomorphic waist structure for life support robots
Authors: Li Zufeng , Du Lei , Ao Wengang , Qiu Xuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the humanoid robots, waist mechanism is an important structure to realize the whole body coordinated movement. This paper proposes a series–parallel mechanism of waist structure, and its kinematics and dynamics characteristics are studied. Based on the dynamic model, a backstepping sliding mode controller is designed to simulate control performance. Under the continuous disturbance force, the stability and accuracy of the mechanism are verified. Compared with the experiment, the results prove that the waist mechanism has the biomimetic spine movements and desired control performance, which can be applied to life support robots in the future.
Rotor speed signature analysis‐based inter‐turn short circuit fault detection for permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Wei Dong , Liu Kan , Zhu Zi‐Qiang , Zhou Shichao , Wang Jianbo , Chen Yongdan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA rotor speed signature analysis‐ (RSSA‐)based inter‐turn short circuit (ITSC) fault diagnostic method is proposed, which is robust with regard to speed‐ and current‐loop bandwidths of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive systems. Conventional ITSC fault detection solutions that rely on current signals or extra devices. Thus, an initial step of investigation on the validity of RSSA is taken for residual insulation capacity monitoring of the ITSC fault at the incipient stage. The Vold–Kalman filtering order tracking method is employed for the real‐time extraction of fault features. Besides, the impact of speed‐ and current‐loop controller bandwidths on ITSC fault diagnosis is also analysed and an Adaline estimator is designed to decouple their impacts. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a faulty PMSM, which exhibits satisfying results in tracking the degradation of residual insulation, even if the phase currents are significantly distorted due to low switching frequency of the inverter.
Ferrofluid‐based electrical machines: Conceptualization and experimental evaluation
Authors: Darabi Ahmad , Pourmirzaei Deylami Fazel , Sheikhian Morteza , Taheripour Mohammad Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article intends to propose a new concept of electric machines that works based on a category of magnetic fluids called “ferrofluids”. For this purpose, a disc‐shaped rotor filled with ferrofluid material is employed instead of a common rotor of an axial‐flux machine, and the conceptual design of the new machine named here “axial‐flux ferrofluid electric machine (FFEM)” is presented. The operation principle of the FFEM is described and a dynamic‐transient model built on the d–q axes equivalent circuits is presented. Simulations are carried out by applying the given model in MATLAB and the results are investigated in different operating conditions. In order to identify the basic parameters and validate the simulation results, a prototype of the FFEM has been designed and manufactured, and some preliminary functional tests have been performed on the prototype. All simulation and experimental results indicate some distinguished excellent performances of the new machine. In the end, it can be stated briefly with some confidence that ferrofluid electric machines can have a high potential for future research and applications in various industries due to the simplicity of the structure, self‐starting capability, ability to work at a wide range of speeds and a flat torque profile.
Recurrence Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Twin and Singleton Deliveries
Authors: Granger Marion , Sevoyan Maria , Boghossian Nansi S. 
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aimed to estimate and compare the recurrence risk of preterm birth (PTB), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH), and preeclampsia and eclampsia (PE and E) in subsequent pregnancy groups (index–subsequent) of singleton–singleton (n = 49,868), twin–singleton (n = 448), and singleton–twin (n = 723) pregnancies.
Study Design Birthing individuals from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Consecutive Pregnancy Study (2002–2010) with ≥ 2 singleton or twin deliveries were examined. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for recurrent PTB, GDM, GH, and PE and E were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators.
Results The aRR of PTB and GDM ranged from 1.4 to 5.1 and 5.2 to 22.7, respectively, with the greatest recurrence relative risk for both conditions in singleton–singleton subsequent pregnancies (PTB: aRR = 5.1 [95% CI: 4.8–5.5], GDM: aRR = 22.7 [95% CI: 20.8–24.8]). The aRR of GH and PE and E ranged from 2.8 to 7.6 and 3.2 to 9.2, respectively, with the greatest recurrence relative risk for both conditions in twin–singleton subsequent pregnancies (GH: aRR = 7.6 [95% CI: 2.8–20.5], PE and E: aRR = 9.2 [95% CI: 2.9–28.6]).
Conclusion Recurrence relative risk was increased for PTB, GDM, GH, and PE and E in all subsequent pregnancy groups, which varied in magnitude based on the birth number of the index and subsequent pregnancy. This information provides insight into risk management for subsequent pregnancies including multiples.
Key Points