bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Little Divergence: Evidence from Cotton Textiles inJapan andChina 1868–1930
Authors: Dong Baomin , Gong Jiong , Peng Kaixiang , Zhao Zhongxiu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper looks at the role of textile exports inJapan andChina's economic development in the period of 1868–1930 as a major explanation for the “LittleDivergence” between the two countries in the context of the “GreatDivergence” betweenEurope andAsia. Because of textiles' large weighting in proto‐industrialization gross domestic product (GDP), we postulate thatChina's initial 20‐year lag in textilesvis‐à‐vis Japan turns out to be fatal for its industry and that it eventually ordains totally different development patterns for the textile industry in the two countries, which ultimately led to different growth patterns for the overall economy. Although both countries saw rapid growth of textile exports, the nature of those exports and the entailed position of each country in the industry value chain of trade were quite different. We then useGranger causality tests to show that in one case (Japan) it is in support of the export‐led‐growth hypothesis (ELG) while in another (China) it is not. Our study then also explains whyJapan's industrial revolution took place much earlier thanChina's.
Domestic R&D, Foreign Direct Investment and Welfare
Authors: Yang Yibai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper provides a new rationale to examine the two‐way relationship between domestic research and development (R&D) and foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as their impacts on domestic welfare. Our analysis is based on the strategic interaction in cost‐reducing investment decisions between domestic firms and a foreign firm, which is different from the common factors that are discussed in the literature such as spillovers and technology sourcing. Our results are as follows. We show that domestic R&D investment may either increase or decrease the foreign firm's FDI incentives. Further, depending on the marginal cost of domestic firms, domestic R&D incentives can always increase regardless of the effects of domestic R&D investment on the foreign firm's FDI decision. Finally, we find that domestic welfare improves under domestic cost reduction if the slope of the marginal cost of domestic R&D investment is sufficiently small.
I Can Stomach That! Fearlessness About Death Predicts Attenuated Facial Electromyography Activity in Response to Death‐Related Images
Authors: Velkoff Elizabeth A. , Forrest Lauren N. , Dodd Dorian R. , Smith April R. 
Published: October 2015

Objective measures of suicide risk can convey life‐saving information to clinicians, but few such measures exist. This study examined an objective measure of fearlessness about death (FAD), testing whether FAD relates to self‐reported and physiological aversion to death. Females (n = 87) reported FAD and disgust sensitivity, and facial electromyography was used to measure physiological facial responses consistent with disgust while viewing death‐related images. FAD predicted attenuated expression of physiological death aversion, even when controlling for self‐reported death‐related disgust sensitivity. Diminished physiological aversion to death‐related stimuli holds promise as an objective measure of FAD and suicide risk.
When the « Others » Come to School: A Marginalization Framework in Multicultural Education
Authors: Pérez Izaguirre Elizabeth 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationship between the «Self» and the «Other» in Western education systems. Differences between the «Self» and the «Other», built on the race/ethnicity category, are taken as a point of departure in order to analyze inequalities in multicultural environments from an interdisciplinary perspective. Three main types of research are introduced in this paper, which include some current debates and controversies in the study and management of the “Other.” First of these is the current “Culture of Poverty” approach, which introduces important issues regarding institutional and teaching practice related to the management of diversity in educational environments. Second are studies that center on poverty and marginalization, taking into account racial/ethnic and social class segregation. Both categories have been used in much current research, combined with the concept of “cultural capital” introduced by Bourdieu, in order to analyze the unequal functioning of education systems. The article concludes with some studies that focus on the imaginary of the “Other” as the racially/ethnically different and the boundaries and contact zones that are constructed in order to justify and delimit differences among diverse racial groups.
Genocide as Contentious Politics
Authors: Luft Aliza 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite a recent turn towards the study of political violence within the field of contentious politics, scholars have yet to focus their lens on genocide. This is puzzling, as the field of collective action and social movements was originally developed in reaction to fascism (Nazism in particular), while research on collective action and research on genocide has long shown parallel findings and shared insights. This paper reviews the history of this scholarly convergence and divergence, and suggests that recent findings of research on genocide can be improved by the consideration of concepts from social movements and collective action. It then details three theories of the micro‐mechanisms that mobilize individuals for contention – framing, diffusion, and networks – and specifies how they refine existing explanations of civilian participation in genocide. In the conclusion, I suggest that a contentious politics approach to genocide would consider it one form of collective action among others, analyzable within the existing framework of collective action and social movement theory.
American Indian health disparities: psychosocial influences
Authors: Warne Donald , Lajimodiere Denise 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe American Indian (AI) population suffers from significant health disparities. Death rates from diabetes, cancer, infant mortality, and other causes are higher among AIs. Numerous psychosocial influences, including a history of genocide and boarding school experiences, have led to unresolved historical trauma and its associated poor health outcomes. Adverse childhood experiences are also a strong predictor of risk for numerous chronic and behavioral health conditions. Food programs for impoverished populations historically have led to high rates of formula feeding of infants and intake of high‐calorie, low nutritional value foods. Adverse adulthood experiences, including poverty, racism, and substance abuse, lead to depression, anxiety, and poor health outcomes. These social circumstances can have an impact on the quality of parenting skills for the next generation, leading to continued intergenerational health disparities. Additional research into the psychosocial influences and social determinants of health is needed to ensure improved policy and program development.
Six Questions for the Resource Model of Control (and Some Answers)
Authors: Inzlicht Michael , Berkman Elliot 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe resource model of self‐control casts self‐control as a capacity that relies on some limited resource that exhausts with use. The model captured our imagination and brought much‐needed attention on an important yet neglected psychological construct. Despite its success, basic issues with the model remain. Here, we ask six questions: (i) Does self‐control really wane over time? (ii) Is ego depletion a form of mental fatigue? (iii) What is the resource that is depleted by ego depletion? (iv) How can changes in motivation, perception, and expectations replenish an exhausted resource? (v) Has the revised resource model unwittingly become a model about motivation? (vi) Do self‐control exercises increase self‐control? By providing some answers to these questions – including conducting a meta‐analysis of the self‐control training literature – we highlight how the resource model needs to be revised if not supplanted altogether.
Agentic and Communal Social Motives
Authors: Locke Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPeople chart and navigate their social lives along two cardinal axes – agency and communion. The motives to approach communion (e.g., enhance closeness and cooperation), approach agency (e.g., gain status and control), avoid communion (e.g., limit vulnerabilities and obligations), and avoid agency (e.g., limit resentments and rivalries) can each be adaptive, depending on the person and situation. After reviewing common implicit and explicit measures of agentic and communal motives, I describe how these motives together shape (and are shaped by) diverse phenomena, such as individuals' involvements in mating and parenting and, concurrently, their testosterone and oxytocin levels. I also detail how normative models of development and maturation depict a shifting dynamic between communal and agentic motives over the lifespan: In childhood, secure attachments provide foundations for developing agency; in adulthood, the challenge becomes yoking agency (one's accumulated mental, physical, and social resources) to communal aims (nurturing others and prosocial endeavors).
Microsphaeropsis arundinis skin and soft tissue infection in renal transplant recipients: three case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Crawford S.J. , Chen S.C.‐A. , Halliday C. , Rangan G.K. , Gottlieb T. , Reid A.B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMicrosphaeropsis arundinis, a dematiaceous mold, is emerging as a cause of skin and soft tissue infection in immunocompromised hosts. Diagnosis is challenging because of the difficulty in identifying Microsphaeropsis species morphologically and few data are available to guide optimal management. We report 3 renal transplant recipients with M. arundinis soft tissue infection, where the etiological agent was diagnosed using DNA sequencing, and who were successfully treated with prolonged courses of extended‐spectrum triazole antifungal agents.
Cronobacter sakazakii bacteremia in a heart transplant patient with polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Tamigniau A. , Vanhaecke J. , Saegeman V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInfections with Cronobacter sakazakii are mainly described among neonates and infants, with contaminated powdered infant formulas most often incriminated as the cause. We describe here a case of C. sakazakii bacteremia secondary to a suspected cyst infection in a heart‐and‐kidney transplant patient with polycystic kidney disease.
Hepatitis E virus: seroprevalence and frequency of viral RNA detection among US blood donors
Authors: Stramer Susan L. , Moritz Erin D. , Foster Gregory A. , Ong Edgar , Linnen Jeffrey M. , Hogema Boris M. , Mak Matthew , Chia Chee Poh , Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped emerging virus of increasing worldwide interest. Antibody prevalence, RNA frequencies, and transfusion transmissions have been reported. We investigated the HEV RNA and antibody frequencies in US blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIndividual‐donation HEV RNA testing was performed on 18,829 donations from six US geographic regions using a CE‐marked nucleic acid test (95% limit of detection, 7.9 IU/mL). Repeat‐reactive donations were confirmed by in‐house, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR; 10.3 IU/mL). Total HEV seroprevalence in a randomly selected subset of donations (n = 4499) was assessed by a direct, double‐antigen sandwich assay; reactives were further tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM. As part of the total antibody confirmatory algorithm, the cutoff was adjusted.RESULTSTwo donations tested confirmed‐positive for RNA (PCR not quantifiable, IgM/IgG positive; and 14 IU/mL, antibody negative) for a frequency of 1 in 9500 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1:2850‐1:56,180) and 99.96% specificity (95% CI, 99.92%‐99.98%); both donors were from the Midwest United States. Antibody prevalence was 9.5% (95% CI, 8.7‐10.5) before the cutoff adjustment and 7.7% (95% CI, 7.0%‐8.5%) after adjustment; 0.58% (95% CI, 0.39%‐0.85%) were IgM positive.CONCLUSIONSWe confirmed comparatively low rates and low viral loads of HEV RNA in US blood donors indicating the need for individual‐donation testing if screening is implemented. Antibody prevalence rates were comparable to those reported by one US study using a different assay, but lower than those reported in another study using yet a third assay. We did not answer the question of whether US blood donation screening is warranted. Selective strategies involving providing HEV‐negative blood to severely immunosuppressed patients at risk of developing hepatitis may be considered.
Chewing‐induced hypertension in afferent baroreflex failure: a sympathetic response?
Authors: Fuente Mora Cristina , Norcliffe‐Kaufmann Lucy , Palma Jose‐Alberto , Kaufmann Horacio 
Published: October 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Our goal was to understand the autonomic responses to eating in patients with congenital afferent baroreflex failure, by documenting changes in blood pressure and heart rate with chewing, swallowing and stomach distension.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Patients born with lesions in the afferent baroreceptor pathways have an exaggerated pressor response to food intake. This appears to be a sympathetically mediated response, triggered by chewing, that occurs independently of swallowing or distension of the stomach. The chewing‐induced pressor response may be useful as a counter‐manoeuvre to prevent orthostatic hypotension in these patients.

Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare genetic disease with extremely labile blood pressure resulting from baroreflex deafferentation. Patients have marked surges in sympathetic activity, frequently surrounding meals. We conducted an observational study to document the autonomic responses to eating in patients with FD and to determine whether sympathetic activation was caused by chewing, swallowing or stomach distension. Blood pressure and R–R intervals were measured continuously while chewing gum (n = 15), eating (n = 20) and distending the stomach by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding (n = 9). Responses were compared with those of normal control subjects (n = 10) and of patients with efferent autonomic failure (n = 10) who have chronically impaired sympathetic outflow. In patients with FD, eating was associated with a marked but transient pressor response (P < 0.0001) and additional signs of sympathetic activation, including tachycardia, diaphoresis and flushing of the skin. Chewing gum evoked a similar increase in blood pressure that was higher in patients with FD than in control subjects (P = 0.0001), but was absent in patients with autonomic failure. In patients with FD, distending the stomach by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding failed to elicit a pressor response. The results provide indirect evidence that chewing triggers sympathetic activation. The increase in blood pressure is exaggerated in patients with FD as a result of blunted afferent baroreceptor signalling. The chewing pressor response may be useful as a counter‐manoeuvre to raise blood pressure and prevent symptomatic orthostatic hypotension in patients with FD.
Diabetes and ageing‐induced vascular inflammation
Authors: Assar Mariam El , Angulo Javier , Rodríguez‐Mañas Leocadio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDiabetes and the ageing process independently increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since incidence of diabetes increases as people get older, the diabetic older adults represent the largest population of diabetic subjects. This group of patients would potentially be threatened by the development of CVD related to both ageing and diabetes. The relationship between CVD, ageing and diabetes is explained by the negative impact of these conditions on vascular function. Functional and clinical evidence supports the role of vascular inflammation induced by the ageing process and by diabetes in vascular impairment and CVD. Inflammatory mechanisms in both aged and diabetic vasculature include pro‐inflammatory cytokines, vascular hyperactivation of nuclear factor‐кB, increased expression of cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, imbalanced expression of pro/anti‐inflammatory microRNAs, and dysfunctional stress‐response systems (sirtuins, Nrf2). In contrast, there are scarce data regarding the interaction of these mechanisms when ageing and diabetes co‐exist and its impact on vascular function. Older diabetic animals and humans display higher vascular impairment and CVD risk than those either aged or diabetic, suggesting that chronic low‐grade inflammation in ageing creates a vascular environment favouring the mechanisms of vascular damage driven by diabetes. Further research is needed to determine the specific inflammatory mechanisms responsible for exacerbated vascular impairment in older diabetic subjects in order to design effective therapeutic interventions to minimize the impact of vascular inflammation. This would help to prevent or delay CVD and the specific clinical manifestations (cognitive decline, frailty and disability) promoted by diabetes‐induced vascular impairment in the elderly.
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Retinal vascular imaging in early life: insights into processes and risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Li Ling‐Jun , Ikram Mohammad Kamran , Wong Tien Yin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In recent years, studies have shown that the origins of CVD may be traced to vascular and metabolic processes in early life. Retinal vascular imaging is a new technology that allows detailed non‐invasive in vivo assessment and monitoring of the microvasculature. In this systematic review, we described the application of retinal vascular imaging in children and adolescents, and we examined the use of retinal vascular imaging in understanding CVD risk in early life. We reviewed all publications with quantitative retinal vascular assessment in two databases: PubMed and Scopus. Early life CVD risk factors were classified into four groups: birth risk factors, environmental risk factors, systemic risk factors and conditions linked to future CVD development. Retinal vascular changes were associated with lower birth weight, shorter gestational age, low‐fibre and high‐sugar diet, lesser physical activity, parental hypertension history, childhood hypertension, childhood overweight/obesity, childhood depression/anxiety and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus. In summary, there is increasing evidence supporting the view that structural changes in the retinal microvasculature are associated with CVD risk factors in early life. Thus, the retina is a useful site for pre‐clinical assessment of microvascular processes that may underlie the future development of CVD in adulthood.
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The impact of age on cerebral perfusion, oxygenation and metabolism during exercise in humans
Authors: Braz Igor D. , Fisher James P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAge is one of the most important risk factors for dementia and stroke. Examination of the cerebral circulatory responses to acute exercise in the elderly may help to pinpoint the mechanisms by which exercise training can reduce the risk of brain diseases, inform the optimization of exercise training programmes and assist with the identification of age‐related alterations in cerebral vascular function. During low‐to‐moderate intensity dynamic exercise, enhanced neuronal activity is accompanied by cerebral perfusion increases of ∼10–30%. Beyond ∼60–70% maximal oxygen uptake, cerebral metabolism remains elevated but perfusion in the anterior portion of the circulation returns towards baseline, substantively because of a hyperventilation‐mediated reduction in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide () and cerebral vasoconstriction. Cerebral perfusion is lower in older individuals, both at rest and during incremental dynamic exercise. Nevertheless, the increase in the estimated cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen and the arterial–internal jugular venous differences for glucose and lactate are similar in young and older individuals exercising at the same relative exercise intensities. Correction for the age‐related reduction in during exercise by the provision of supplementary CO2 is suggested to remove ∼50% of the difference in cerebral perfusion between young and older individuals. A multitude of candidates could account for the remaining difference, including cerebral atrophy, and enhanced vasoconstrictor and blunted vasodilatory pathways. In summary, age‐related reductions in cerebral perfusion during exercise are partly associated with a lower in exercising older individuals; nevertheless the cerebral extraction of glucose, lactate and oxygen appear to be preserved.
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Abstract A122: Case review for multi-targeted epigenetic therapy ( MTET) and its rationale in an integrative approach
Authors: Nezami Mohammad , Stobbe Daniel , Hager Steven 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In 2012 there were 11,957,599 advanced cancer cases in the US reported by CDC and the incidence has been almost unchanged over the previous 8 years (482,000 cases in 2000 versus 456,000 cases in 2008). There has been an annual percentage change of only (-0.6) between years 1999 to 2008 in cancer incidence.
It is well described in the recent literature that epigenetic alterations are at least if not more important than genetic defects for the development and progression of malignant diseases. In the therapeutic field, transcriptional therapy is a very promising form of cancer treatment that is being extensively evaluated. It is speculated that inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylases can reactivate expression of tumor suppressor genes and induce histone hyperacetylation in the tumors of patients with solid cancers after treatment with these agents. Hypermethylation and transcription silencing of suppressor genes has been shown in 33% of breast cancers, 60% of prostate CA and 92% of colon CA.
Although the value of such combination therapy both in chemoprevention, as well as treatment in patients with cancer is extremely important and can cause a significant shift in the current practice of oncology and cancer prevention, unfortunately, the results in clinical studies have been poor as the target histone hyperacetylation does not correlate with survival (possibly due to P 16/21 resistance, onco promoter mutations and unselectiveness of the therapies).
To overcome such resistance we have developed a protocol using researched natural substances and off label drugs in a protocol called Multi targeted epigenetic therapy or MTET, currently tested in preclinical studies with promising results confirming apoptosis. This approach is shown to be clinically relevant in a set of cases treated and presented here.
Here we present thirty cases of advanced resistant stage four disease that were treated through this method successfully with three samples cases to be described in details. We conclude that further research is warranted in a larger spectrum and in clinical trial setting to evaluate the efficacy of such method.
Citation Format: Mohammad Nezami, Daniel Stobbe, Steven Hager. Case review for multi-targeted epigenetic therapy ( MTET) and its rationale in an integrative approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A122.