bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervision conversations about social justice and social work practice
Authors: Hair Heather J 
Published: June 2014

Summary In today’s environment dominated by managerialism and fiscal restraint, actualizing the principle of social justice has become a daunting task for social workers. Supervision has been identified as a promising site for enacting social justice, but evidence is lacking that supervision conversations support socially just practice. A concurrent mixed model nested research design was used to explore the needs of social workers for supervision conversations about social justice and practice. A mixed method web-survey on supervision was completed by 636 social workers from a broad spectrum of social work practice settings and geographical locations in Ontario, Canada. Quantitative data and written responses from open-ended questions are presented as an integrated narrative. Findings The results demonstrate that social worker participants shared a need for supervisors to promote and provide space for conversations about multiple aspects of social justice and practice. This need for a social justice focus had not been currently or recently experienced by a significant number of participants who worked in a variety of settings. Applications In response to the findings and their inferences, implications for supervision knowledge, practice and policy development are provided that could help social workers better actualize social justice in their day-to-day practice.
JAK2/STAT5 inhibition by nilotinib with ruxolitinib contributes to the elimination of CML CD34+ cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Gallipoli Paolo , Cook Amy , Rhodes Susan , Hopcroft Lisa , Wheadon Helen , Whetton Anthony D. , Jørgensen Heather G. , Bhatia Ravi , Holyoake Tessa L. 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsThe JAK2/STAT5 pathway is a relevant therapeutic target in CML SPCs. Targeting the JAK2/STAT5 pathway by nilotinib and RUX in combination leads to enhanced eradication of primitive CML stem cells.
MPD-RC 101 prospective study of reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Rondelli Damiano , Goldberg Judith D. , Isola Luis , Price Leah S. , Shore Tsiporah B. , Boyer Michael , Bacigalupo Andrea , Rambaldi Alessandro , Scarano Marco , Klisovic Rebecca B. , Gupta Vikas , Andreasson Bjorn , Mascarenhas John , Wetzler Meir , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Prchal Josef T. , Najfeld Vesna , Orazi Attilio , Weinberg Rona S. , Miller Crystal , Barosi Giovanni , Silverman Lewis R. , Prosperini Giuseppe , Marchioli Roberto , Hoffman Ronald 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
A high survival rate was seen in primary or secondary MF patients transplanted from matched related donors using the FluMel regimen. FluMel plus ATG in HSCT from unrelated donors for MF patients is associated with an increased risk of graft failure.
Fuzzy technique for microcalcifications clustering in digital mammograms
Authors: Vivona Letizia , Cascio Donato , Fauci Francesco , Raso Giuseppe 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Mammography has established itself as the most efficient technique for the identification of the pathological breast lesions. Among the various types of lesions, microcalcifications are the most difficult to identify since they are quite small (0.1-1.0 mm) and often poorly contrasted against an images background. Within this context, the Computer Aided Detection (CAD) systems could turn out to be very useful in breast cancer control.

Methods
In this paper we present a potentially powerful microcalcifications cluster enhancement method applicable to digital mammograms. The segmentation phase employs a form filter, obtained from LoG filter, to overcome the dependence from target dimensions and to optimize the recognition efficiency. A clustering method, based on a Fuzzy C-means (FCM), has been developed. The described method, Fuzzy C-means with Features (FCM-WF), was tested on simulated clusters of microcalcifications, implying that the location of the cluster within the breast and the exact number of microcalcifications are known.
The proposed method has been also tested on a set of images from the mini-Mammographic database provided by Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) publicly available.

Results
The comparison between FCM-WF and standard FCM algorithms, applied on both databases, shows that the former produces better microcalcifications associations for clustering than the latter: with respect to the private and the public database we had a performance improvement of 10% and 5% with regard to the Merit Figure and a 22% and a 10% of reduction of false positives potentially identified in the images, both to the benefit of the FCM-WF. The method was also evaluated in terms of Sensitivity (93% and 82%), Accuracy (95% and 94%), FP/image (4% for both database) and Precision (62% and 65%).

Conclusions
Thanks to the private database and to the informations contained in it regarding every single microcalcification, we tested the developed clustering method with great accuracy. In particular we verified that 70% of the injected clusters of the private database remained unaffected if the reconstruction is performed with the FCM-WF. Testing the method on the MIAS databases allowed also to verify the segmentation properties of the algorithm, showing that 80% of pathological clusters remained unaffected.
Insulin alleviates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury in cerebral tissues in septic rats
Authors: Chen Qiyi , Yu Wenkui , Shi Jiangliang , Shen Juanhong , Gao Tao , Zhang Juanjuan , Xi Fengchan , Li Jieshou , Li Ning 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction that occurs secondary to infection in the body without overt central nervous system (CNS) infection. SAE is frequently encountered in critically ill patients in intensive care units and can be detected in up to 50–70% of septic patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress injury are major pathophysiological mechanisms of SAE in critically ill patients. However, there are no effective strategies for the treatment of SAE. Insulin has important immunomodulatory effects and protective effects against oxidative stress injury in the peripheral organs of septic patients. However, very few studies of the possible effects of insulin in cerebral tissues of septic patients have been reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore whether insulin therapy can inhibit cytokine production (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a) and oxidative stress injury of the brain tissue in septic rats. We observed that the protein concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-а, in addition to MDA and H2O2 were notably increased, inversely SOD, and GSH were sigificantly decreased in cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of septic rats. Furthermore, the levels of S100 and NSE significantly increased. After 6 hours of insulin therapy, we found that the cytokine concentrations notably decreased and oxidative stress injuries in the cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus were alleviated in septic rats. In addition, the S100 and NSE levels significantly decreased. We concluded that insulin can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress response, thereby improving brain tissue damage.
Preventive effect of a high fluoride toothpaste and arginine-carbonate toothpaste on dentinal tubules exposure followed by acid challenge: a dentine permeability evaluation
Authors: Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Pinheiro Michele Carolina , Cavassim Rodrigo , Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Sampaio José Eduardo Cezar 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Considering the current high use of high fluoride toothpastes, the aim of the study was to quantify alterations in the root dentine permeability submitted to treatment with a high fluoride toothpaste and 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste as a preventive treatment for dentinal tubules exposure followed by acid challenge.

Methods
Thirty-third molars were sectioned below the cementoenamel. The root segments were connected to a hydraulic pressure apparatus to measure dentine permeability after the following sequential steps (n = 10 per group): I) Baseline; II) treatment with phosphoric acid for 30 s (maximum permeability); III) Toothbrushing (1 min) according to the experimental groups (G1- control; G2- 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste; G3- 8% arginine-calcium carbonate toothpaste); IV) acid challenge for 5 min (orange juice). The data were converted into percentage, considering stage II as 100%.

Results
The results have shown a statistically significant decreasing on dentine permeability after treatment with toothpaste (Friedman test and Dunn’s post hoc test). Comparison among groups demonstrated a high increasing on dentine permeability when acid challenge was performed after toothbrushing with distilled water (control group) (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc test).

Conclusion
The toothpaste treatment may provide sufficient resistance on dentine surface, preventing dentinal tubules exposure after acid challenge.
Distribution of estrogenic steroids in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Mohagheghian Azita , Nabizadeh Ramin , Mesdghinia Alireza , Rastkari Noushin , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Alimohammadi Mahmood , Yunesian Masoud , Ahmadkhaniha Reza , Nazmara Shahrokh 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Estrogenic steroids such as estrone (E1), 17β–estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α–ethinylestradiol (EE2) are among the most potent endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Compared with North America, Europe and Japan there is no reliable information on the concentration of steroid hormones in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) influents and effluents in Iran. The aim of the present study was to determine the amounts of E1, E2, E3, and EE2 influents and effluents of 7 municipal WWTPs across Tehran, the capital city of Iran, in two seasons, summer and autumn, through solid-phase extraction (SPE) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

Results
The results showed that the concentrations of E1, E2, and EE2 in influents ranged from 6.54–18.76 ng/L, 1.02–8 ng/L and 4.18–11.76 ng/L, respectively. Also, the concentrations of E1, E2, and EE2 in effluents ranged from 1.04–4.99 ng/L, 0.5–2.20 ng/L and 0.5–2.58 ng/L, respectively. The levels of E3 were below the detection limit (0.5 ng/L). The percentage removal rate of E1, E2 and EE2 ranged between 61.76–87.25%, 50.98–82.63%, and 66.3–90.25%, respectively. Results indicated no significant correlation between hormone concentrations and seasons.

Conclusions
The study showed that WWTP number 7 had significant differences in influent hormone concentrations compared with others. Results only showed a significant relationship between hormones and TSS removal rate, but there was no significant relationship between hormones and COD removal rate. The removal rate of hormone in WWTP number 4 and 7 were significantly different from the others. There was no significant correlation between hormone concentrations and seasons.
Changes of occlusal plane inclination after orthodontic treatment in different dentoskeletal frames
Authors: Li Jin-le , Kau Chung How , Wang Min 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The inclination of the occlusal plane (OP) is related to facial types and experiences physiological growth-related changes. The aims of this research were to determine if there were any differences in the inclination of OP in subjects with three types of skeletal malocclusion and to investigate the characteristics and differences of functional occlusal plane (FOP) compared to bisected occlusal plane (BOP).

Methods
A sample of 90 Caucasians patients was skeletal-classified into three (n = 30), and pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were digitized. Six linear and 8 angular cephalometric measurements were selected. The changes of OP inclination within each group and the differences among the three groups pre- and post-treatment were compared with paired t test and ANOVA test, respectively. The comparison and correlation between BOP and FOP were analyzed with paired t test and coefficient of correlation, respectively.

Results
The BOP angle increased in all of the three groups but only had statistically significant differences in skeletal class II patients in a mean of 1.51° (p < 0.05). The FOP-SN angle showed stability (p > 0.05) in all three groups. The inclination of FOP was closely related to that of BOP (p < 0.001) but revealed discrepancies in each group.

Conclusions
BOP and FOP were statistically significantly steeper in class II subjects compared to the other two groups both before and after treatment. The BOP angle statistically significantly increased by 1.51° in skeletal class II patients. BOP was a more reproducible reference plane compared to FOP during cephalometric tracing process, while FOP showed stability in orthodontically treated patients with all three skeletal patterns.
Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury via the activation of M2 macrophages
Authors: Geng Yanqiu , Zhang Li , Fu Bo , Zhang Jianrong , Hong Quan , Hu Jie , Li Diangeng , Luo Congjuan , Cui Shaoyuan , Zhu Fei , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The mortality of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is still high, as there is no effective therapy. It has been shown that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can induce M2 macrophages, which mediate MSC protection in other experimental inflammation-related organ injury. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of macrophage activation in MSC therapy of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.

Methods
MSCs were injected into glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis mice. Renal injury was evaluated using the serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, renal pathology and acute tubular necrosis score. The distribution of MSCs was detected using two-photon fluorescence confocal imaging. Immunofluorescence of anti-F4/80 and anti-CD206 was performed to determine macrophages and M2 macrophages in the tissues of the kidney, and M2 macrophage infiltration was also evaluated using western blotting analyses. After depletion of macrophages using clodronate liposomes at the phase of kidney repair, renal injury was re-evaluated. RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with lipopolysaccharide and co-cultured with MSCs and subsequently visualised using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis. Finally, disparate phenotype macrophages, including normal macrophages (M0), lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages (M1), and MSC-co-cultured macrophages (M2), were infused into mice with AKI, which were pre-treated with liposomal clodronate.

Results
In vivo infusion of MSCs protected AKI mice from renal function impairment and severe tubular injury, which was accompanied by a time-dependent increase in CD206-positive M2 macrophage infiltration. In addition, depleting macrophages with clodronate delayed restoration of AKI. In vitro, macrophages co-cultured with MSCs acquired an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which was characterised by an increased expression of CD206 and the secretory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. The concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, macrophage-depleted mice with intramuscular injection of glycerol were subjected to a single injection of different types of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mice infused with M0 and M1 macrophages suffered a more severe histological and functional injury, while mice transfused with MSC-educated M2 macrophages showed reduced kidney injury.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that MSCs can ameliorate rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI via the activation of macrophages to a trophic M2 phenotype, which supports the transition from tubule injury to tubule repair.
Dexamethasone potentiates myeloid-derived suppressor cell function in prolonging allograft survival through nitric oxide
Authors: Liao Jiongbo , Wang Xiao , Bi Yujing , Shen Bo , Shao Kun , Yang Hui , Lu Yun , Zhang Zhengguo , Chen Xi , Liu Huanrong , Wang Jian , Chu Yiwei , Xue Lixiang , Wang Xianghui , Liu Guangwei 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWhereas GCs have been demonstrated to be beneficial for transplantation patients, the pharmacological mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, the role of GR signaling was investigated via a pharmacological approach in a murine allogeneic skin transplantation model. The GC Dex, a representative GC, significantly relieved allograft rejection. In Dex-treated allograft recipient mice, CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs prolonged graft survival and acted as functional suppressive immune modulators that resulted in fewer IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells and a greater number of IL-4-producing Th2 cells. In agreement, Dex-treated MDSCs promoted reciprocal differentiation between Th1 and Th2 in vivo. Importantly, the GR is required in the Dex-induced MDSC effects. The blocking of GR with RU486 significantly diminished the expression of CXCR2 and the recruitment of CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs, thereby recovering the increased MDSC-suppressive activity induced by Dex. Mechanistically, Dex treatment induced MDSC iNOS expression and NO production. Pharmacologic inhibition of iNOS completely eliminated the MDSC-suppressive function and the effects on T cell differentiation. This study shows MDSCs to be an essential component in the prolongation of allograft survival following Dex or RU486 treatment, validating the GC–GR–NO signaling axis as a potential therapeutic target in transplantation.
Dose-Finding and Pharmacokinetic Study to Optimize the Dosing of Irinotecan According to the UGT1A1 Genotype of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Innocenti Federico , Schilsky Richard L. , Ramírez Jacqueline , Janisch Linda , Undevia Samir , House Larry K. , Das Soma , Wu Kehua , Turcich Michelle , Marsh Robert , Karrison Theodore , Maitland Michael L. , Salgia Ravi , Ratain Mark J. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose The risk of severe neutropenia from treatment with irinotecan is related in part to UGT1A1*28, a variant that reduces the elimination of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. We aimed to identify the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumors stratified by the *1/*1, *1/*28, and *28/*28 genotypes. Patients and Methods Sixty-eight patients received an intravenous flat dose of irinotecan every 3 weeks. Forty-six percent of the patients had the *1/*1 genotype, 41% had the *1/*28 genotype, and 13% had the *28/*28 genotype. The starting dose of irinotecan was 700 mg in patients with the *1/*1 and *1/*28 genotypes and 500 mg in patients with the *28/*28 genotype. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed at cycle 1. Results In patients with the *1/*1 genotype, the MTD was 850 mg (four DLTs per 16 patients), and 1,000 mg was not tolerated (two DLTs per six patients). In patients with the *1/*28 genotype, the MTD was 700 mg (five DLTs per 22 patients), and 850 mg was not tolerated (four DLTs per six patients). In patients with the *28/*28 genotype, the MTD was 400 mg (one DLT per six patients), and 500 mg was not tolerated (three DLTs per three patients). The DLTs were mainly myelosuppression and diarrhea. Irinotecan clearance followed linear kinetics. At the MTD for each genotype, dosing by genotype resulted in similar SN-38 areas under the curve (AUCs; r2 = 0.0003; P = .97), but the irinotecan AUC was correlated with the actual dose (r2 = 0.39; P < .001). Four of 48 patients with disease known to be responsive to irinotecan achieved partial response. Conclusion The UGT1A1*28 genotype can be used to individualize dosing of irinotecan. Additional studies should evaluate the effect of genotype-guided dosing on efficacy in patients receiving irinotecan.
Thermal limitation of performance and biogeography in a free-ranging ectotherm: insights from accelerometry
Authors: Ruan Gannon , Taylor Matthew D. , Suthers Iain M. , Gray Charles A. , van der Meulen Dylan E. , Smith James A. , Payne Nicholas L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Theoretical and laboratory studies generally show ectotherm performance increases with temperature to an optimum, and subsequently declines. Several physiological mechanisms likely shape thermal performance curves, but responses of free-ranging animals to temperature variation will represent a compromise between these mechanisms and ecological constraints. Thermal performance data from wild animals balancing physiology and ecology is rare, and this represents a hindrance for predicting population impacts of future temperature change. We used internally-implanted accelerometers near the middle of a species' geographical distribution and gill-net catch data near the species' latitudinal extremes to quantify temperature-related activity levels of a wild predatory fish (Platycephalus fuscus). We examined our data in the context of established models of thermal performance, and the relationship between thermal performance thresholds and biogeography. Acceleration data approximated a thermal performance curve, with activity peaking at 23°C, but declining rapidly at higher temperatures. Gill-net catch data displayed a similar trend, with a temperature-associated increase and decrease in catch rates in temperate and tropical regions, respectively. Extrapolated estimates of zero activity (CTmin and CTmax) from the accelerometers were similar to the minimum and maximum mean monthly water temperatures experienced at the southern and northern (respectively) limits of the species distribution, consistent with performance-limited biogeography in this species. These data highlight the fundamental influence of temperature on ectotherm performance, and how thermal performance limits may shape biogeography. Biologging approaches are rarely used to examine thermal performance curves in free-ranging animals, but these may be central to understanding the trade-offs between physiology and ecology that constrain species' biogeographies and determine the susceptibility of ectotherms to future increases in temperature.
Aquaporin expression in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes, Temminck & Schlegel) in FW and SW: challenging the paradigm for intestinal water transport?
Authors: Madsen Steffen S. , Bujak Joanna , Tipsmark Christian K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We investigated the salinity dependent expression dynamics of 7 aquaporin paralogs (aqp1a, -3a, -7, -8ab, -10a, -10b and -11a) in several tissues of euryhaline Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). All paralogs except aqp7 and -10a had a broad tissue distribution and several were affected by salinity in both osmoregulatory and non-osmoregulatory tissues. In the intestine, aqp1a, -7, -8ab and -10a decreased upon seawater (SW)-acclimation, both when comparing long-term acclimated fish and during 1-3 days of the transition period (freshwater (FW)-to-SW and SW-to-FW). In the gill, aqp3a was lower and aqp10a higher in SW than in FW. In the kidney no aqps were affected by salinity. In the skin, aqp1a and -3a were lower in SW than in FW. In the liver aqp8ab and -10a were lower in SW than in FW. Further, 6 Na+,K+-ATPase α-subunit isoform transcripts were analyzed in the intestine but showed no consistent response to salinity, suggesting that water transport is not regulated at this level. In contrast, mRNA of the Na+,K+, 2Cl--cotransporter type-2 showed a strong increase in the intestine in SW compared to FW fish. Using custom made antibodies, we localized Aqp1a, -8ab and -10a proteins in the apical region of enterocytes of FW fish. Apical staining intensity strongly decreased, vanished or moved to sub apical regions, when fish were acclimated to SW, supporting the lower mRNA expression in SW. Western blots confirmed the decrease in Aqp1a and -10a protein in SW. The strong decrease in aquaporin expression in the intestine of SW fish is surprising and challenges the paradigm for transepithelial intestinal water absorption in SW fishes.