bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of deep brain stimulation on pharyngo‐esophageal motility: a randomized cross‐over study
Authors: Derrey S. , Chastan N. , Maltete D. , Verin E. , Dechelotte P. , Lefaucheur R. , Proust F. , Freger P. , Leroi A. M. , Weber J. , Gourcerol G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundBilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation is used to alleviate Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms. Recently, it has been shown that this therapeutic also increased gut cholinergic contractions. We therefore investigated the effect of STN stimulation on esophageal motility in an interventional randomized study.MethodsSixteen humans PD patients (4 women, 12 men; age: 62.4 ± 9.3‐years old) who underwent STN stimulation for at least 6 months were randomly evaluated with either stimulator turned OFF then ON, or inversely. Esophageal high resolution manometry was performed at the end of each ON and OFF period, with a 5 min resting period followed by ten swallows of 5 mL.Key ResultsDuring the ON, an increase in the distal contractility index was found (OFF: 1750 ± 629 vs ON: 2171 ± 755 mmHg/cm/s; p = 0.03), with no difference in the distal front velocity. A decrease in the integrative relaxation pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was noted (OFF: 11.1 ± 1.8 mmHg vs ON: 7.2 ± 1.8 mmHg; p < 0.05) in ON. The LES resting pressure remained unchanged during the two periods. This resulted in a decrease in the intrabolus pressure (p = 0.03). No difference was observed for the upper esophageal sphincter, nor the pharyngeal contraction amplitude and velocity.Conclusions & InferencesIn conclusion, STN stimulation in PD patients increased esophageal body contractions and enhanced the LES opening. This suggests that the nigrostriatal‐striatonigral loop is involved in the control of esophageal motility.
Oral delivery of Acid Alpha Glucosidase epitopes expressed in plant chloroplasts suppresses antibody formation in treatment of Pompe mice
Authors: Su Jin , Sherman Alexandra , Doerfler Phillip A. , Byrne Barry J. , Herzog Roland W. , Daniell Henry 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDeficiency of acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) causes Pompe disease in which the patients systemically accumulate lysosomal glycogen in muscles and nervous systems, often resulting in infant mortality. Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is effective in treating patients with Pompe disease, formation of antibodies against rhGAA complicates treatment. In this report, we investigated induction of tolerance by oral administration of GAA expressed in chloroplasts. Because full‐length GAA could not be expressed, N‐terminal 410‐amino acids of GAA (as determined by T‐cell epitope mapping) were fused with the transmucosal carrier CTB. Tobacco transplastomic lines expressing CTB‐GAA were generated through site‐specific integration of transgenes into the chloroplast genome. Homoplasmic lines were confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Despite low‐level expression of CTB‐GAA in chloroplasts, yellow or albino phenotype of transplastomic lines was observed due to binding of GAA to a chloroplast protein that has homology to mannose‐6 phosphate receptor. Oral administration of the plant‐made CTB‐GAA fusion protein even at 330‐fold lower dose (1.5 μg) significantly suppressed immunoglobulin formation against GAA in Pompe mice injected with 500 μg rhGAA per dose, with several‐fold lower titre of GAA‐specific IgG1 and IgG2a. Lyophilization increased CTB‐GAA concentration by 30‐fold (up to 190 μg per g of freeze‐dried leaf material), facilitating long‐term storage at room temperature and higher dosage in future investigations. This study provides the first evidence that oral delivery of plant cells is effective in reducing antibody responses in ERT for lysosomal storage disorders facilitating further advances in clinical investigations using plant cell culture system or in vitro propagation.
Radical Pension Reforms after the Crisis: A Comparative Analysis of Argentina and Greece
Authors: Angelaki Marina , Carrera Leandro N. 
Published: June 2015

Scholarly attention on pension reform following the recent global financial crisis has focused primarily on cases entailing the renationalization of private pension pillars. We argue that radical pension reforms should also include instances of radical retrenchment of public pension pillars. We offer an explanation of such reforms in the aftermath of the crisis by analyzing the reforms adopted in Argentina and Greece since 2008. We demonstrate that highly indebted countries with no access to international financial markets and unsustainable pension systems can introduce radical reforms in response to short‐term funding needs rather than long‐term adequacy concerns. We argue that the narrow timeframe of the recent reforms raises questions about the sound footing of the new systems which may ultimately not prevent the introduction of further measures. This comparison provides insights to understand recent episodes of radical pension reforms in other countries.Related Articles

Exadaktylos, Theofanis, and
Nikolaos Zahariadis. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 160‐183. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12058/abstract

Luckhurst, Jonathan. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 958‐977. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00386.x/abstract

Luckhurst, Jonathan, and
Luis Eduardo Zavala de Alba. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00388.x/abstract
Related Media
. 2014–2015. “.” http://www.agorathedoc.com/about-trailer
Where Capacity and Incentives Meet: Presidential Decree Authority and Property Rights in Latin America
Authors: Moreno Erika , Witmer Richard C. 
Published: June 2015

Scholars have long suggested a relationship between democracy, capitalistic economies, and the protection of property rights. Yet this link has been contested by a variety of scholars. We test whether a relationship between property rights, measured as risk of expropriation of property, and measures of presidential authority, exists. Where institutional design presents presidents with the capacity and incentives to act on predatory desires, we expect an impact on property rights protections. The empirical results from 17 Latin American countries over a 15‐year time period suggest that executive authority helps explain changes in the risk of property expropriation in ways that regime type do not.Related Articles

Beal, Amanda L., and
Leah Graham. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 311‐345. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12077/abstract

Herrington, J. Bryce. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 1083‐1091. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00214.x/abstract

Alejandro, San Francisco R., and
Soto G. Ángel. 2004. “? Politics & Policy 32 (): 139‐156. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00179.x/abstract
Related Media

Fensch, Joel. 2013. “.” September 30. http://panampost.com/joelfensch/2013/09/30/latin-america-lags-in-property-rights-index/

Ellis, Edward. 2010. “.” September 17. Venezuelanalysis.com. http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/5643

Dominguez, Jorge. 2002. “.” ReVista: Harvard Review of Latin America. http://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/book/democracy-latin-america-0
New Fighter Aircraft Acquisitions inBrazil andIndia: Why Not BuyAmerican?
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan , Duarte Érico 
Published: June 2015

How do states decide where to source arms? Drawing on theories of international relations, we consider the recent fighter aircraft competitions in Brazil and India, and analyze why the U.S.‐made aircraft lost to their European rivals. Official statements offered by the Brazilian and Indian governments have cited inferior aircraft performance, technology‐sharing issues, and prices. These explanations may be valid, but their main purpose is to direct attention away from the fact that military procurement is, above all, a matter of international politics and policy. Using analytical eclecticism as our guide, we selectively combine constructivist, liberal, and realist theoretical elements to provide a more comprehensive explanation of why Lockheed Martin and Boeing failed to sell fighters to Brazil and India.Related ArticlesCatalinac,Amy L.2007. “.”Politics & Policy35():58–100.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00049.x/abstractQuinn,Adam.2007. “.”Politics & Policy35():522–547.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00071.x/abstractRosen,Amanda M.2015. “.”Politics & Policy43():30–58.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12105/abstractRelated MediaSo,Vishnu.2012. “.”NDTV. December 8. Duration: 16 min, 42 sec.http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/bigger-higher-faster/the-story-of-the-rafale/257581.2015. “.” Notícias Militares. January 10. Duration: 3 min, 38 sec (in Brazilian Portuguese).https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8P12stwG1jA
Policy Narratives and Public Opinion concerning Charter Schools
Authors: Ertas Nevbahar 
Published: June 2015

According to the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) approach, anecdotes about policy can be used to clarify whether and how policy narratives impact individual public opinion, which in turn shapes aggregate public opinion. This study focuses on the effect of narratives in shaping opinions regarding charter schools, one of the most controversial policy alternatives in the school‐choice debate. This policy lends itself well to being examined using an NPF approach, since both the supporters and skeptics use strong and distinct narratives to present their case and to advocate for their cause. To examine whether different policy narratives on charter schools influence individuals' opinions and attitudes and preferred policy outcome, a quasi‐experimental design is used to compare baseline and follow‐up opinion data for individuals who read policy narratives reflecting different positions. The results indicate that policy narratives influence public opinion, and that congruence and issue familiarity matter in the nature of the change.Related Articles

Shanahan, Elizabeth A.,
Mark K. McBeth, and
Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 373‐400. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.x/abstract

Delshad, Ashlie B. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 213‐240. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12009/abstract

Post, Lori Ann,
Amber N. W. Raile, and
Eric D. Raile. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 653‐676. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00253.x/abstract
Related Media Video
. 2013. Panel titled “Storytelling Is Serious Business: Narratives, Research, and Policy.” October 16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5ubezaJwN8
Podcast

Claudio Sanchez, Claudio. 2013. NPR News podcast. “The Charter School vs. Public School Debate Continues.” July 16. http://n.pr/12tzU6q
Blog Post

Cairney, Paul. 2014. “” Web blog post. April 7. Paul Cairney: Politics & Public Policy. https://paulcairney.wordpress.com/tag/narrative-policy-framework/
Assessment of inoculation methods for screening black alder resistance to Phytophthora ×alni
Authors: Chandelier A. , Husson C. , Druart P. , Marçais B. 
Published: June 2015

Identification of resistance to Phytophthora ×alni could provide the basis for a management strategy against alder decline in riparian ecosystems in Europe. This study aimed to test methods to evaluate the resistance of riparian alders to the disease, and to screen alder genotypes for resistance. Phytophthora ×alni isolates were compared for their aggressiveness (lesion length on stem) and sporulation capacity (sporangia). While no difference in lesion lengths was found between isolates, sporangia production was dependent on isolate, highlighting the need for careful selection of isolates used for zoospore inoculation methods. Inoculation tests carried out at different periods of the year revealed a seasonal change in susceptibility to the disease, with the period from June to September being the most efficient for inoculation tests. Stem‐wounded inoculations, carried out on excised shoots, were unreliable for evaluating the level of resistance of alder genotypes to P. ×alni infection, with divergent results between two successive years or between two inoculation periods during the same year. In contrast, a method that mimics the natural conditions of infection, based on flooding of rooted cuttings in artificially infected river water, was found promising. Another method, based on the inoculation of foliated terminal shoots with zoospore suspensions, was found to be repeatable and could be used for high‐throughput analyses. Altogether, the results show a continuous resistance response from highly susceptible to moderately resistant genotypes. This suggests that breeding might be a useful strategy to manage alder decline caused by P. ×alni.
Haemostatic function and biomarkers of endothelial damage before and after platelet transfusion in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Larsen A. M. , Leinøe E. B. , Johansson P. I. , Larsen R. , Wantzin P. , Birgens H. , Ostrowski S. R. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYObjectivesThe beneficial effect of platelet transfusion on haemostasis is well established, but there is emerging evidence that platelet transfusion induces an inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells.BackgroundWe investigated haemostatic function and endothelial biomarkers before and after platelet transfusion in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.Materials and MethodsBlood was sampled before, 1 and 24 h after platelet transfusion. Primary and secondary haemostasis was evaluated by whole blood aggregometry (Multiplate) and thromboelastography (TEG). Endothelial biomarkers (sICAM‐1, syndecan‐1, sThrombomodulin, sVE‐Cadherin) and platelet activation biomarkers (sCD40L, TGF‐beta) were investigated along with haematology/biochemistry analyses.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included. Despite continued low platelet counts, platelet transfusion normalised the median values of most TEG parameters and slightly increased platelet aggregation (all P < 0·05). Endothelial biomarkers were not significantly affected by transfusion. The 1 h sCD40L level correlated positively with Syndecan‐1 and soluble thrombomodulin delta values, biomarkers of endothelial damage (both P = 0·005).ConclusionPlatelet transfusion improved haemostasis, whereas post‐transfusion increases in sCD40L were associated with endothelial damage, indicating that transfused platelets and platelet‐derived pro‐inflammatory mediators may have opposite effects on the endothelium.
Analysis of 24‐h recovery of transfused stored RBCs in recipient mice of distinct genetic backgrounds
Authors: Waterman H. R. , Kapp L. M. , Howie H. L. , Hod E. A. , Spitalnik S. L. , Zimring J. C. 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectivesHuman studies have demonstrated substantial donor‐to‐donor variation in refrigerated RBC storage with respect to several variables, including 24‐h post‐transfusion RBC recovery. However, the human studies leading to these observations are mostly performed using autologous transfusions of stored RBCs, thereby avoiding issues of infectious disease transmission and alloimmunization. Accordingly, one cannot distinguish whether variability in 24‐h RBC recovery is due to alterations in RBC storage, differences in phagocytic activity of the recipient's reticuloendothelial system or both. Similar to humans, genetically distinct inbred mouse strains have substantial differences in RBC storage biology, including 24‐h post‐transfusion RBC recovery.Materials and MethodsIn this report, we juxtaposed 24‐h recoveries in 15 distinct inbred strains of mice, holding the RBC donor constant to isolate transfusion recipient variation as an independent variable. Strains were chosen for differences in baseline reticulocyte count and haemoglobin, which may correlate to RBC life span and turnover.ResultsUnlike large differences observed in storage of RBCs obtained from different strains of mice, only subtle strain‐to‐strain differences were observed regarding 24‐h post‐transfusion RBC recoveries.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the murine strains examined are not likely to be useful in sorting out mechanisms of clearance of stored RBCs, and suggest that such mechanisms may be generally conserved in the strains of mice analysed.
Iron homeostasis and its disruption in mouse lung in iron deficiency and overload
Authors: Giorgi Gisela , D'Anna María Cecilia , Roque Marta Elena 
Published: June 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to explore the role and hitherto unclear mechanisms of action of iron proteins in protecting the lung against the harmful effects of iron accumulation and the ability of pulmonary cells to mobilize iron in iron deficiency.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We show that pulmonary hepcidin appears not to modify cellular iron mobilization in the lung. We propose pathways for supplying iron to the lung in iron deficiency and for protecting the lung against iron excess in iron overload, mediated by the co‐ordinated action of iron proteins, such as divalent metal transporter 1, ZRT‐IRE‐like‐protein 14, transferrin receptor, ferritin, haemochromatosis‐associated protein and ferroportin.

Iron dyshomeostasis is associated with several forms of chronic lung disease, but its mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the lung in whole‐animal models with iron deficiency and iron overload, studying the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ZRT‐IRE‐like protein 14 (ZIP14), transferrin receptor (TfR), haemochromatosis‐associated protein (HFE), hepcidin, ferritin and ferroportin (FPN) expression. In each model, adult CF1 mice were divided into the following groups (six mice per group): (i) iron‐overload model, iron saccharate i.p. and control group (iron adequate), 0.9% NaCl i.p.; and (ii) iron‐deficiency model, induced by repeated bleeding, and control group (sham operated). Proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. In control mice, DMT1 was localized in the cytoplasm of airway cells, and in iron deficiency and overload it was in the apical membrane. Divalent metal transporter 1 and TfR increased in iron deficiency, without changes in iron overload. ZRT‐IRE‐like protein 14 decreased in airway cells in iron deficiency and increased in iron overload. In iron deficiency, HFE and FPN were immunolocalized close to the apical membrane. Ferroportin increased in iron overload. Prohepcidin was present in control groups, with no changes in iron deficiency and iron overload. In iron overload, ferritin showed intracytoplasmic localization close to the apical membrane of airway cells and intense immunostaining in macrophage‐like cells. The results show that pulmonary hepcidin does not appear to modify cellular iron mobilization in the lung. We propose the following two novel pathways in the lung: (i) for supplying iron in iron deficiency, mediated principally by DMT1 and TfR and regulated by the action of FPN and HFE; and (ii) for iron detoxification in order to protect the lung against iron overload, facilitated by the action of DMT1, ZIP14, FPN and ferritin.
The role of Ca2+ influx in spontaneous Ca2+ wave propagation in interstitial cells of Cajal from the rabbit urethra
Authors: Drumm Bernard T. , Large Roddy J. , Hollywood Mark A. , Thornbury Keith D. , Baker Salah A. , Harvey Brian J. , McHale Noel G. , Sergeant Gerard P. 
Published: June 2015

Key points
Tonic contractions of rabbit urethra are associated with spontaneous electrical slow waves that are thought to originate in pacemaker cells termed interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC).
ICC pacemaker activity results from their ability to generate propagating Ca2+ waves, although the exact mechanisms of propagation are not understood.
In this study, we have identified spontaneous localised Ca2+ events for the first time in urethral ICC; these were due to Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and, while they often remained localised, they sometimes initiated propagating Ca2+ waves.
We show that propagation of Ca2+ waves in urethral ICC is critically dependent upon Ca2+ influx via reverse mode NCX.
Our data provide a clearer understanding of the intracellular mechanisms involved in the generation of ICC pacemaker activity.
AbstractInterstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are putative pacemaker cells in the rabbit urethra. Pacemaker activity in ICC results from spontaneous propagating Ca2+ waves that are modulated by [Ca2+]o and whose propagation is inhibited by inositol tri‐phosphate receptor (IP3R) blockers. The purpose of this study was to further examine the role of Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release in the propagation of Ca2+ waves. Intracellular Ca2+ was measured in Fluo‐4‐loaded ICC using a Nipkow spinning disc confocal microscope at fast acquisition rates (50 fps). We identified previously undetected localised Ca2+ events originating from ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Inhibiting Ca2+ influx by removing [Ca2+]o or blocking reverse mode sodium–calcium exchange (NCX) with KB‐R 7943 or SEA‐0400 abolished Ca2+ waves, while localised Ca2+ events persisted. Stimulating RyRs with 1 mm caffeine restored propagation. Propagation was also inhibited when Ca2+ release sites were uncoupled by buffering intracellular Ca2+ with EGTA‐AM. This was reversed when Ca2+ influx via NCX was increased by reducing [Na+]o to 13 mm. Low [Na+]o also increased the frequency of Ca2+ waves and this effect was blocked by tetracaine and ryanodine but not 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB). RT‐PCR revealed that isolated ICC expressed both RyR2 and RyR3 subtypes. We conclude: (i) RyRs are required for the initiation of Ca2+ waves, but wave propagation normally depends on activation of IP3Rs; (ii) under resting conditions, propagation by IP3Rs requires sensitisation by influx of Ca2+ via reverse mode NCX; (iii) propagation can be maintained by RyRs if they have been sensitised to Ca2+.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea S Gene Indel Strain Isolated in France in December 2014
Authors: Grasland Béatrice , Bigault Lionel , Bernard Cécilia , Quenault Hélène , Toulouse Olivier , Fablet Christelle , Rose Nicolas , Touzain Fabrice , Blanchard Yannick 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
We report the first and only case of a porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) outbreak occurring in December 2014 in northern France, and we show using the full-length genome sequence of the French PED virus (PEDV) isolate that it was a PEDV indel strain close to German PEDV strains recently isolated.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Toluene-Degrading Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain ST-9
Authors: Gomila Margarita , Busquets Antonio , García-Valdés Elena , Michael Esti , Cahan Rivka , Nitzan Yeshayahu , Lalucat Jorge 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Strain ST-9 was isolated from toluene-contaminated soil (Samaria, Israel). The draft genome has an estimated size of 4.8 Mb, exhibits an average G+C content of 60.37%, and is predicted to encode 4,183 proteins, including a gene cluster for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. It is assigned to genomovar 3 of
Pseudomonas stutzeri
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aliivibrio fischeri Strain 5LC, a Bacterium Retrieved from Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Larvae Reared in Aquaculture
Authors: Califano Gianmaria , Franco Telma , Gonçalves Ana C. S. , Castanho Sara , Soares Florbela , Ribeiro Laura , Mata Leonardo , Costa Rodrigo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

To shed light on the putative host-mediated lifestyle of the quintessential marine symbiont
Aliivibrio fischeri
, and on the symbiosis versus potentially pathogenic features of bacteria associated with farmed fish, we report the draft genome sequence of
A. fischeri
strain 5LC, a bacterium retrieved from gilthead sea bream (
Sparus aurata
) larvae.