bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Laporan Keuangan Untuk Menilai Kesehatan Koperasi Serba Usaha (Ksu) Mekar Sari Pematangsiantar
Authors: Sinaga Mahaitin H , Saragih Marintan 
Published: August 2024

Dalam penyusnan Laporan keuangan apabila disusun secara baik dan akurat dapat memberikan gambaran keadaan yang nyata mengenai hasil atau prestasi yang telah dicapai oleh organisasi, selama dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesehatan Koperasi Serba Usaha (KSU) Mekar Sari Pematangsiantar jika dihitung menurut Permen KUKM No.20/Per/M.KUKM/XI/2008. Dalam memperoleh data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data metode wawancara yang dilakukan langsung dengan karyawan KSU Mekar Sari dan metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan metode induktif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa KSU Mekar Sari Pematangsiantar pada tahun 2016 - 2020 dari hasil analisis mendapat predikat cukup sehat dinilai dari aspek permodalan, kualitas aktiva produk, manajemen, efisiensi, likuiditas, kemandirian, pertumbuhan dan jati diri koperasi. Berdasarkan penilaian skor masih ada nilai yang rendah, untuk itu diharapkan agar koperasi meningkatkan pengelolaan secara menyeluruh terhadap aspek permodalan, kualitas aktiva produk, manajemen, efisiensi, likuiditas, kemandirian, pertumbuhan dan jati diri koperasi
Critical Thinking Profile and Environmental Literacy Analysis of Al-Washliyah Labuhanbatu University Biology Education Undergraduate Students
Authors: Syafriyeti Rahmi , Srimulat Fitri Endang , Atnur Witma Novita 
Published: August 2024

Critical thinking plays a crucial role in enhancing environmental literacy by fostering the ability to analyze, evaluate, and understand complex environmental issues. The purpose of this study was to analyzed the profile of critical thinking and environmental literacy of biology education students at Al-Washliyah Labuhanbatu University. This research is descriptive quantitative in which data were collected through observation and questionnaires. critical thinking indicators are simple explanations, building basic skills, inferring, making further explanations and strategies and environmental literacy indicators knowledge, cognitive skills, attitudes and behaviors related to environmental stewardship. The results showed that the mean score of CT skills (M=13.81, SD=3.52) was weak and below the optimal average (M=17.1, SD=5.0) and the environmental literacy profile shows that for the knowledge indicators the average is 61.25% with a sufficient category, for the cognitive skills indicators 63.95% with a sufficient category, for the attitude indicators 76.53% with a good category, for the environmentally responsible behavior indicators 53.92% with a poor category. Critical thinking skills of biology students at Al-Washliyah Labuhanbatu University is not favorable and environmental literacy for the ecological knowledge aspect is still at a moderate level, which means that some ecological concepts such as biogeochemical cycles are not well understood
Konsep Negara dalam Perspektif Pemikiran Politik Islam
Authors: Saefullah Saefullah 
Published: August 2024

Islam hadir menyuguhkan resep universal yang aktif bicara pada berbagai level persoalan dengan segala problemanya. Jadi salah fatal andai Islam dituduh sebagai agama pasif yang hanya berkutat pada tataran teologi semata yang sifatnya normatif dan setagnan. Islamlah yang pertama menggagas konsep kekhalifahan di mana Adam sebagai agen pertama yang ditunjuk Allah untuk memenej dan memberdayakan dunia ini. Khalifah dalam konteks umum memang hanya menyangkut soal-soal sosial normatif, namun pada ranah yang lebih spesifik, ia bicara ihwal negara dengan segala sistem dan bentuk-bentuknya. Maka mengemukalah idiom negara Islam. Negara Islam tidak lain adalah sistem ketatanegaraan dan keprmerintahan yang berlandaskan mekanisme aturan Islam. Denagn kata lain doktrin Islam dijadikan tolok ukur dan landasan utama. Konsep khilafah mendasrkan bahwa negara harus berada di bawah kendali seorang khalifah/imam yang dipilih secara demokratis oleh rakyat melalui jalur perwakilan ( Ahlu al-Hilli Wa al-‘Aqd) yang selanjutnya melakukan “bai’at” sebagai “kontrak politi” untuk menyatakan kestiaan kepada sang imam. Sedang kesultanan diangkat secara langsung, tidak melalui sistem demokratis sebagaimana sistem kekhilafahan. Namun demikian, kedua-duanya memiliki tanggung jawab sepenuhnya kepada sang pemiulik mutlak adalah Allah, mengingat tata atarunnya berlandasan konstitusi syari’ah. Fakta paling rill dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang adalah Negara Arab Saudi dan Republik Islam Iran. Arab Saudi adalah bentuk negara Islam yang berlandaskan al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah dengan paham pemikiran berorientasi pada madzhab Hambali (Ahmad Ibn Hambal. Sedang Iran, berorientasi pada madzhab Syi’ah. Kedua negara tersebut sebagai saksi sejarah, bahwa sebuh negara bedasarkan teori Islam tidak menghadirkan petaka, malah justru sebaliknya membawa berkah. Dalam konteks kehadiran konsep negara Islam, kita tidak melupakan jasa pemikiran politik Islam yang digagas (antara lain) oleh Ibn Taimiah, Abdullah Ibn Wahab (pendiri paham wahabi), Jamaluddin al-Afghani dan lain sebagainya. Itu semua menjadi khazanah pemikiran siyasah Islamiah yang ke depan bisa tampil sebagai konsep pilihan. Formulasi konsep daulah Islam yang mengacu kepada empat segmen, yaitu: (1) al-Tauhid, (2) al-Risalah, (3) al-Khilafah dan (4) al-Syura, versi Abu ‘Ala al-Maududi sebagai lanadasan ideal yang komprohensif.
Desafios Comunitarios de la Mujer Yoreme-Mayo en el Cuidado de la Salud, y la Educación ante la Globalización
Authors: Valencia Sánchez Andrés , Solís Pollorena José Cristóbal 
Published: August 2024

El presente ensayo describe algunos elementos de suma importancia acerca de los desafios y retos de la mujer de la comunidad Yoreme-Mayo ubicadas en el norte de Sinaloa, México. Esto incluye aspectos tales como el educativo, salud, cultura, sus usos y costumbres, las cuales se estan viendo amenazadas por la ola posmoderna en el contexto de la globalizacion en que la humanidad está inserta y que afecta practicamente todas las esferas de la vida en general, en una sociedad en constante cambio. En este sentido, el trabajo está encaminado en abordar aquellos desafios de las mujeres indígenas del norte de Sinaloa, como portadoras de una cultura ancestral y los retos que enfrenta de cara a una globalizacion en constante evolución. Donde si bien, el punto nodal esta en hacer un equilibrio, donde se puedan abrir a la modernidad, pero sin dejar su herencia cultural heredada de generació en generación. Por último, se concluye que la mujer Yoreme-Mayo sigue olvidada por los sistemas globalizantes; y hace falta que se logre su emancipación que le permita tener acceso a un mayor bienestar de vida y pueda tener las mismas oportunidades de género.
Estrategias Innovadoras: Identificando Oportunidades Comerciales del Mercado Internacional para Emprendimientos de Mujeres, El Oro, 2023
Authors: Sigüenza Cumbicuz Genesis Jamileth , Flores Angel Diego Armando , Capa Tejedor Marcela Etelvina 
Published: August 2024

El Oro es una provincia notable por su diversidad cultural y la significativa participación de mujeres en el ámbito emprendedor. Los emprendimientos femeninos en esta región no solo fomentan la actividad económica local, sino que también contribuye al producto interno bruto| (PIB). Esta dinámica económica se refleja en la creciente tasa de actividad emprendedora (TEA), con mujeres liderando negocios en diversas áreas. El estudio investiga las oportunidades comerciales en el mercado internacional para los emprendimientos de mujeres. El objetivo principal es aprovechar las oportunidades comerciales en el mercado internacional que faciliten la participación de mujeres emprendedoras de la provincia de El Oro, adoptando estrategias innovadoras que fomenten su éxito y competitividad global. La metodología utilizada para la consecución del objetivo propuesto tiene un enfoque cuantitativo con apoyo cualitativo. La investigación explicativa-transformadora ayuda a solucionar el problema. El método histórico-lógico e inductivo-deductivo para analizar factores cronológicos y causales, se aplica finamente el sistémico, que desarrollara un aporte práctico a la investigación. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres emprendedoras presentan deficiencias en el manejo de las oportunidades hacia el mercado internacional, resaltando la falta de participación en capacitación para abordar esta carencia y fortalecer así sus habilidades empresariales en este campo.
Taper of the Appendix and Lymphoid Distribution in the Zimbabwean Adult Male Population: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Khan Maimoona , Govo Morris , Makosa Tapera 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the relationship between lymphoid distribution and taper of the vermiform appendix in the adult Zimbabwean male population.
Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Place and duration of study: A six-month study carried out in the Anatomy Department (Gross Anatomy Laboratory), University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (from October 2021 to March 2022).
Methods: A total of 15 male cadavers from the Department of Anatomy at the University of Zimbabwe were used. The length of the appendix, luminal diameter, external diameter and wall thickness were measured using a vernier calliper at three segmental levels, i.e. the base, mid part and the tip of the appendix. IBM SPSS version 23 was used to calculate the means and standard deviations. To determine the lymphoid distribution, histological sections of the appendix were prepared and viewed using a light microscope.
Results: Appendix length ranged from 4.52cm to 15cm with an average length and standard deviation of 8.43± 2.45cm. The average luminal diameter with standard deviation at the base, mid-part, and tip was found to be 0.53± 0.22cm, 0.39± 0.21cm and 0.36±0.17cm, respectively. The average external diameter with standard deviation at the base, mid-part and tip was measured as 0.74± 0.18cm, 0.61± 0.16cm and 0.55± 0.15cm, respectively. The average wall thickness with standard deviation at the base, mid-point and tip was noted to be 0.21± 0.14cm, 0.25± 0.14cm and 0.20± 0.17cm, respectively. In this study, the lymphoid follicles were found to be more extensive at the base and mid-part, and less extensive at the tip. The lymphoid follicles extended from the mucosa to the submucosa at the base and mid-part while at the tip they only traversed the mucosa. External diameter decreased from base to tip, showing the taper of the appendix in the adult male Zimbabwean population.
Conclusion: It was found that a strong relationship exists among the lymphoid tissue aggregations, luminal diameter and wall thickness of the adult male Zimbabwean inhabitants. The luminal diameter was observed to decrease in cadavers having an increase in wall thickness or hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue. Moreover, there was a reduction in the number and size of lymphoid follicles along the length of the appendix.
Frequency Of Prolonged Qtc in Patients With Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease In A Rural Cohort Of Sindh
Authors: Ahmed Adeel , Rabbani Bushra , Kamran Muhammad , Saeed Ammarah , Ahmed Jameel 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of prolonged QTc (corrected QT) interval in patients. With decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) in a tertiary care hospital of Gadap town, Sindh.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January 2022 to 31 December 2022 at the Department Of Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. All partial and fully decompensated Cirrhotic patients aged 25 to 75 years regardless of sex, diagnosed based on history, physical Examination and ultrasonography findings, who were admitted to our medical ward, were included using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Pregnant females, patients with other major co-morbid illnesses, electrolyte imbalances and those on medications affecting QTc interval were excluded. All patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled for a 12 lead ECG (three serial recordings each), from which QT, R-R interval, as well as QTc, were calculated. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. Categorical variables were described using frequency and percentages whereas continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation.
Results: Out of 196 participants with decompensated liver disease included in the study, 59 (30.1%) participants were found to have prolonged QTc. Age, Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) class and Bilirubin of the patients were significantly associated with QTc prolongation.
Conclusion: Prolonged QTc interval, a marker of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, is a common occurrence in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease. The risk of developing prolonged QTc interval increases with advanced age and progressive liver disease.
Prevalence Of Suboptimal Health Status Amongst General Population of Residential Area, Heavy Industries Taxila, Taxila
Authors: Mughal Aashi , Bibi Anwar , Riaz Mehwish , Salman Roma , Nisar Nadia , Raza Mohsin 
Published: August 2024

Objective: Determine the prevalence of suboptimal health levels and find an association between suboptimal health and lifestyle factors in a population of residential area HIT Taxila
Methods: A community-based Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted in HIT Taxila, Jun-Nov 2023 on 400 individuals of age groups ranging from 20 to 60 years including males and females via systematic random sampling. Data was collected by Suboptimal Health Measurement (SHMS V1.0) scale including general, physical, mental and social subdomains and demographic and lifestyle factors. Chi-square was tested to determine the association between suboptimal health and demographic characteristics. Correlation was used to assess the correlation between suboptimal health and lifestyle-related factors
Results: A final sample of 400 participants was included. In our sample,86(21.5%) had suboptimal health with a mean age of 29.96±9.3 years. Sub-optimal Health status was found to be significantly associated with gender(0.005), age(0.006), working status (0.015)and occupation(0.000). Health status was found to be weak and negatively correlated with social support (p-value 0.01) and a weak positive correlation was observed between nutritional habits and health status (p-value 0.05)
Conclusion: SHS is significantly associated with behavior and lifestyle-related factors. To comprehensively prevent and control SHS, it is urgently needed to reduce the risk factors and enhance the protective factors among adolescents.
Genetic Analysis Reveals A Missense Mutation In Reactivation Gene-2 Causing Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease In A Pakistani Family
Authors: Awais Shahida , Siddique Lubna , Shafi Nida , Humerah Sobia , Niazi Summyah , Omer Wafa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective:
To perform clinical and genetic analysis in a patient suffering from lymphopenia (low B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte and healthy Natural Killer cells).
Methodology:
In the current research project we enrolled a female child from Rawalpindi district. Laboratory investigations including lymphocyte subset analysis was performed using anti-antibodies (CD19, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD16/56). Estimation of serum immunoglobulin’s were performed. DNA Sanger sequencing of RAG2 gene was performed to identify gene mutation.
Results:
Thorough clinical examination by team of expert physician revealed severe nappy rash, interstitial pneumonitis and intractable diarrhea leading to failure to thrive. Lymphopenia with CD3+CD8 cells (0.1%), CD19 cells (0.1%), CD19/CD56 cells (27%) and CD4/CD8 cells (0.0%) resulting in B-T-NK+ deficiency. Patient’s serum immunoglobulin’s showed low levels of IgG, IgA and IgM levels. Exons specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using oligonucleotide primers and subsequently DNA Sanger sequenced which resulted into an missense variant in the gene RAG2.
Conclusion:
In human reactivation gene 1 and 2 encode proteins with endonuclease activity which are involved in V(D)J rearrangement to generate variety of different types of T- and B- cell receptors. Genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation in RAG2 genes in female SCID patient.
Inter-trial Variation in the Sensitivity of Thermal Threshold Testing for the Diagnosis of Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gaur Archana , Varatharajan Sakthivadivel , Taranikanti Madhuri , John Nitin Ashok , Kalpana Medala , Ganji Vidya , Umesh Madhusudhan , Katta Roja 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thermal threshold testing (TTT) is a simple non-invasive approach for diagnosing diabetic neuropathy earlier. Conventionally the TTT is done in all four limbs and at least 6 trials are done to obtain the mean threshold, which is time consuming.

Aim:
We propose to assess the validity and reliability of reduced number of trials of TTT in the lower limbs.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining ethics approval from the Institute Ethics Committee, 100 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of both gender between the ages of 35 to 65 years attending medicine OPD were recruited. Neuropathy assessment was done using Temperature threshold testing. At least 6 trials were performed for each site and the mean threshold obtained. The mean of 5 trials, 4 trials and 3 trials were noted for the comparison.

Results:
On comparing hot tests of 3 trials with 6 trials had a sensitivity and specificity of 88.7% and 96.6 %. In cold threshold testing, 4 trials and 3 trials showed similar results of sensitivity of 77.8%, specificity of 98.8%. The measures of agreement between the hot trials 6 vs 5 had Kappa value of 0.953, 6vs 4 showed a Kappa value of 0.862 and 6 vs 3 showed Kappa value of 0.819.

Conclusion:
Hot threshold tests of lower limb are more sensitive than cold thresholds. The 4 trial test is a reliable test and can be performed over 6 trial tests. When time is a factor, three trials are sufficient to diagnose small fibre neuropathy.
Exposure to Various Degrees and Durations of Hypobaric Hypoxia Causes a Reduction in Body Weight of Female Adult Rats
Authors: Yadav Anil Kumar , Yadav Bhupendra Singh , Yadav Pramod Kumar , Pandey Sada Nand , Sarvottam Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hypobaric hypoxia refers to a condition where there is a decreased oxygen partial pressure in the air due to low atmospheric pressure. It is known to affect the metabolism, leading to increased basal metabolic rate, alterations in appetite, and changes in cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. The effects of hypoxia on metabolism and weight loss are influenced by genetic factors, gender, and the duration and severity of exposure to hypoxia. Currently, there are no reports which elucidate the impact of hypobaric hypoxia on female laboratory rats.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to observe the effect of varying degrees and durations of hypobaric hypoxia on the body weight of female rats.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, the body weight of 36 laboratory rats divided into six groups was taken at day 0, and then, the rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia in a specially designed hypoxia chamber and their body weights were recorded after 5 days and 10 days of hypoxia exposure. The change in body weight at 5 days and 10 days was compared to that of their body weight before the exposure to hypoxia. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20.

Results:
Body weight was reduced in all rats subjected to varying degrees and duration of hypoxia. The percentage change in body weight was higher in moderate and severe hypoxia than in the mild hypoxia group. No significant difference was observed in rats exposed to varying degrees of hypoxia for 5 days as compared to those exposed for 10 days.

Conclusion:
Hypoxia may cause a reduction in body weight of female rats proportionate to the increasing severity of hypoxia and this reduction remains independent of the duration of exposure to hypoxia.
Comparison between 80-microns versus 100-microns flap femtosecond LASIK for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Rani Deeksha , Jhajharia Hemant , Kumar Saumya , Rathod Aishwarya , Rajput Sarika 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, and visual outcomes of 80-microns LASIK versus 100-microns LASIK in managing myopia and myopic astigmatism. The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Methods:
This was a prospective contralateral eye study that included patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism seeking refractive correction. The eligibility criteria included normal corneal topography, an epithelial thickness less than 60 microns, a calculated percentage tissue ablation (with 100-microns flap) less than 40%, a calculated residual stromal bed thickness (with 100-microns flap) more than 300 microns, and willingness to participate and follow up. Patients with glaucoma, cataracts, other visually disabling ocular pathologies, and a history of past ocular surgery were excluded. All patients underwent LASIK with 80-microns LASIK in one eye and 100-microns LASIK in the other eye. The patients were followed up for 6 months, and the results were analyzed.

Results:
The study included 216 eyes of 108 patients. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent in the 80-microns group and the 100-microns group was -3.53 ± 1.81 and -3.69 ± 1.32 diopters, respectively (P = 0.78). The mean 6 months decimal postoperative UCVA was 0.98 ± 0.13 in the 80-microns group and 0.97 ± 0.14 in the 100-microns group (P = 0.99). The postoperative change in the higher-order aberration profile was comparable in both groups (P = 0.78). The percentage tissue ablation was significantly lower in the 80-microns group (P = 0.002). The incidence of flap micro striae and OBL was higher in the 80-microns group, while neither of these had any visual implications.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that 80-microns LASIK is an efficacious and safe alternative to 100-micron LASIK, especially useful in patients with higher myopia.
Urban Family Physician Program after a Decade of Implementation from the Perspective of People: A Qualitative Study from Iran
Authors: Honarvar Behnam , Lankarani Kamran B. , Joulaei Hassan , Shahabi Saeed , Marzaleh Milad Ahmadi , Khosravaninezhad Yasamin , Shaygani Fatemeh , Kaheni Yasamin , Rad Niloofar R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
A decade after the implementation of the Urban Family Physician Program (UFFP) in Fars province, southern Iran, we aimed to reveal people’s opinions regarding the strengths and challenges of this program, which help policymakers for evidence-based improvement of this program.

Methods:
In this thematic content analysis qualitative study, which was performed in 2023, one adult individual of each family under the coverage of UFPP was selected using a purposeful sampling method. Then, an in-depth and semi-structured phone interview was conducted with each participant. Interviews were continued until the achievement of data saturation. The trustworthiness of data was checked according to Guba and Lincoln criteria. Data analysis was accomplished using MAXQDA software version 10.

Results:
A total of 25 participants with a mean age of 41 ± 12 years old were interviewed. Extracted strengths points of UFPP consisted of 390 meaning units, 41 open codes, 16 subcategories, 9 categories, and 3 themes, of which the main themes consisted of proper governance, adequate service provision, and promoting community health. In contrast, the challenges of this program comprised 127 meaning units, 54 open codes, 17 subcategories, 7 categories, and 3 themes, the main themes of which included weak governance, inefficient service provision, and limitation of resources.

Conclusions:
After a decade of implementation, people demonstrated contradictory opinions about many aspects of UFPP. Strength points should encourage policymakers to advocate more for this program and extend it to the other provinces of Iran, whereas weak points should be used for its revisions and improvement.