bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune encephalitis: a potentially treatable cause of mental disorder
Authors: Rickards Hugh , Jacob Saiju , Lennox Belinda , Nicholson Tim 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAutoimmune encephalitides can present with altered mental states, particularly psychosis and delirium. Psychiatrists need to be particularly vigilant in cases of first-episode psychosis and to look out for other, sometimes subtle, features of encephalitis. Encephalitis related toN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor autoantibodies is the most common autoimmune cause of isolated psychosis, the second being related to voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex antibodies. Psychiatrists should note ‘red flag’ signs of seizures, autonomic instability, movement disorders and sensitivity to antipsychotic medication (including neuroleptic malignant syndrome). They should also be aware that, in some cases, encephalitis is a non-metastatic manifestation of malignancy. Treatment primarily involves suppression of immunity and is often successful if delivered early. There is accumulating evidence that isolated psychiatric syndromes can be caused by autoimmunity and this could potentially signal a significant change in the approach to disorders such as schizophrenia. Psychiatrists and neurologists need to work together to diagnose, manage and understand this group of conditions.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Consider ‘red flags' for the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis presenting to general psychiatric practice.•Understand the investigations required to diagnose autoimmune encephalitis.•Become familiar with the basics of treatment of autoimmune encephalitis.
An end to psychiatric detention? Implications of the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities
Authors: Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is
a welcome articulation of the rights of the disabled. However, as its
definition of disability appears to include mental illness, the UK appears
to violate it by linking mental illness with detention. Clarity and,
possibly, change are needed.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Yoga in Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Chandwani Kavita D. , Perkins George , Nagendra Hongasandra Ramarao , Raghuram Nelamangala V. , Spelman Amy , Nagarathna Raghuram , Johnson Kayla , Fortier Adoneca , Arun Banu , Wei Qi , Kirschbaum Clemens , Haddad Robin , Morris G. Stephen , Scheetz Janet , Chaoul Alejandro , Cohen Lorenzo 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Previous research incorporating yoga (YG) into radiotherapy (XRT) for women with breast cancer finds improved quality of life (QOL). However, shortcomings in this research limit the findings. Patients and Methods Patients with stages 0 to III breast cancer were recruited before starting XRT and were randomly assigned to YG (n = 53) or stretching (ST; n = 56) three times a week for 6 weeks during XRT or waitlist (WL; n = 54) control. Self-report measures of QOL (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form survey; primary outcomes), fatigue, depression, and sleep quality, and five saliva samples per day for 3 consecutive days were collected at baseline, end of treatment, and 1, 3, and 6 months later. Results The YG group had significantly greater increases in physical component scale scores compared with the WL group at 1 and 3 months after XRT (P = .01 and P = .01). At 1, 3, and 6 months, the YG group had greater increases in physical functioning compared with both ST and WL groups (P < .05), with ST and WL differences at only 3 months (P < .02). The group differences were similar for general health reports. By the end of XRT, the YG and ST groups also had a reduction in fatigue (P < .05). There were no group differences for mental health and sleep quality. Cortisol slope was steepest for the YG group compared with the ST and WL groups at the end (P = .023 and P = .008) and 1 month after XRT (P = .05 and P = .04). Conclusion YG improved QOL and physiological changes associated with XRT beyond the benefits of simple ST exercises, and these benefits appear to have long-term durability.
Accumulation of oocytes and/or embryos by vitrification: a new strategy for managing poor responder patients undergoing pre implantation diagnosis
Authors: Chatziparasidou Alexia , Nijs Martine , Moisidou Martha , Chara Oraiopoulou , Ioakeimidou Christina , Pappas Christos , Christoforidis Nicos 
Published: March 2014

Background: Low (or poor) responder patients are women who require large doses of stimulation medications and produce less than an optimal number of oocytes during IVF cycles. Low responder patients produce few oocytes and embryos, which significantly reduces their chances for success in a preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycle. Accumulation of vitrified oocytes or embryos before the actual PGD cycle is a possible strategy that might increase patient’s chances for a healthy pregnancy.Aim of the study: This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of a PGD program in low responder patients after repeated ovarian stimulation cycles with cumulative vitrification of oocytes and embryos.Methods: Over a period of 30 months, 13 patients entering the PGD program were identified as poor responders after their first ovarian stimulation. These patients started a PGD cycle for one of the following indications: history of recurrent implantation failure (n=1), cystic fibrosis (n=1), X-linked microtubular myopathy (n=1), recurrent miscarriages (n=5), Duchene muscular dystrophy (n=1), chromosomal translocation (n=1) and high sperm aneuploidy (n=1). After multiple ovarian hormonal stimulations patients had either all mature oocytes (Group A; 3 patients) or all of their day 2 embryos vitrified (group B; 10 patients). Mean total number of oocyte collections per patient was 2.3 (range: 2 - 5 cycles).Results: In the actual PGD cycle, all vitrified oocytes from group A patients were warmed and underwent intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) followed by culture up to day 3. For group B patients all vitrified day 2 embryos were warmed and cultured overnight. On day 3 of culture, all embryos from Group A and B had blastomere biopsy followed by genetic analysis. In group A, 20 embryos were found suitable for biopsy and genetic analysis; at least one healthy embryo was available for transfer for each patient. For group B, 72 embryos in total were available for biopsy and PGD. All patients, except one, had at least one healthy day 5 embryo for transfer (mean number of 2.1 embryos per transfer). Nine patients had a clinical pregnancy; 7 patients delivered a healthy baby.Conclusion: Low responder patients entering a PGD program might increase their chances for a healthy pregnancy by repeat ovarian stimulation in combination with cumulative oocyte or embryo vitrification.
Reconstruction of the hemipelvis with a modular prosthesis after resection of a primary malignant peri-acetabular tumour involving the sacroiliac joint
Authors: Zang J. , Guo W. , Yang Y. , Xie L. 
Published: March 2014

We report our early experience with the use of a new prosthesis, the Modular Hemipelvic Prosthesis II, for reconstruction of the hemipelvis after resection of a primary malignant peri-acetabular tumour involving the sacroiliac joint.We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 17 patients who had undergone resection of a pelvic tumour and reconstruction with this prosthesis between July 2002 and July 2010.One patient had a type I+II+III+IV resection (ilium + peri-acetabulum + pubis/ischium + sacrum) and 16 had a type I+II+IV resection (ilium + acetabulum + sacrum). The outcome was assessed at a mean follow-up of 33 months (15 to 59). One patient was alive with disease, 11 were alive without disease and five had died of disease. The overall five-year survival rate was 62.4%. Six patients had a local recurrence. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 58% (33 to 77). Deep infection occurred in two patients, problems with wound healing in five and dislocation in one.For patients with a primary malignant peri-acetabular sarcoma involving the sacroiliac joint, we believe that this new prosthesis is a viable option for reconstruction of the bony defect left following resection of the tumour. It results in a satisfactory functional outcome with an acceptable rate of complications.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:399–405.
The anterolateral ligament
Authors: Dodds A. L. , Halewood C. , Gupte C. M. , Williams A. , Amis A. A. 
Published: March 2014

There have been differing descriptions of the anterolateral structures of the knee, and not all have been named or described clearly. The aim of this study was to provide a clear anatomical interpretation of these structures. We dissected 40 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees to view the relevant anatomy and identified a consistent structure in 33 knees (83%); we termed this the anterolateral ligament of the knee. This structure passes antero-distally from an attachment proximal and posterior to the lateral femoral epicondyle to the margin of the lateral tibial plateau, approximately midway between Gerdy’s tubercle and the head of the fibula. The ligament is superficial to the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament proximally, from which it is distinct, and separate from the capsule of the knee. In the eight knees in which it was measured, we observed that the ligament was isometric from 0° to 60° of flexion of the knee, then slackened when the knee flexed further to 90° and was lengthened by imposing tibial internal rotation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:325–31.
A novel method based solely on field programmable gate array (FPGA) units enabling measurement of time and charge of analog signals in positron emission tomography (PET)
Authors: Pałka Marek , Moskal Paweł , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Molenda Marcin , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pawlik Monika , Razyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Salabura Piotr , Gupta-Sharma Neha , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Smyrski Jerzy , Strzelecki Adam , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Zoń Natalia 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article presents an application of a novel technique for precise measurements of time and charge based solely on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device for positron emission tomography (PET). The described approach simplifies electronic circuits, reduces the power consumption, lowers costs, merges front-end electronics with digital electronics, and also makes more compact final design. Furthermore, it allows to measure time when analog signals cross a reference voltage at different threshold levels with a very high precision of ~15 ps (rms) and thus enables sampling of signals in a voltage domain.
Polymer origami: programming the folding with shape
Authors: Ionov Leonid 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe design of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures is an interesting, fascinating and highly challenging research topic. One of the very promising approaches for 3D microstructuring, inspired by the Japanese art of paper folding – origami, is based on self-folding films. Such films consist of two kinds of materials with different volume expansion properties and are able to form different structures ranging from simple tubes to highly complex 3D shapes. In this review, our recent progress in the design of polymer bilayers and understanding of their folding is summarized.
Interactions of 2,2′-bipyridine herbicide intermediate with humic acid
Authors: Rádi József , Stéger Domonkos , Marton Aurél , Földényi Rita 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The binding of the neutral 2,2′-bipyridine (BP) molecule to solid humic acid (HA) was studied in the presence of CaCl2 background electrolyte (10-2 mol/l), at pH=6.1–6.3. To investigate the binding, two different methods were used: the well-established static adsorption equilibrium measurements and the technique of equilibrium dialysis (ED). The obtained isotherms were fitted by the Langmuir equation, yielding values for the total binding capacity (qT) and the Langmuir constant (K). The values obtained from the batch experiment were: qT=3.3×10-4 mol/gHA, K=4.1×102 l/mol and from the ED experiment were: qT=5.7×10-4 mol/gHA, K=2.8×102 l/mol. From the linear range of the isotherm, the value of the distribution coefficient KD was calculated as 3.3×102 l/kgHA (by both methods). This parameter was used to calculate the value of KOC: 6.6×102 l/kgOC, indicating that BP is a slightly mobile pollutant in the HA dominated soil.
Dipodal Silanes: Important Tool for Surface Modification to Improve Durability
Authors: Singh Mani P. , Keister Haley K. , Matisons Janis G. , Pan Youlin , Zazyczny Joel , Arkles Barry 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTDipodal silanes possess two silicon atoms that can covalently bond to a surface. They offer a distinctive advantage over conventional silanes in terms of maintaining the integrity of surface coatings, adhesive primers and composites in aqueous and aggressive environments. The improved durability of such dipodal silanes is associated with an increased crosslink density of the interphase and the inherent resistance to hydrolysis, as they can form six, rather than three, Si-O bonds to the substrate. This study examines dipodal silanes with hydrophobic alkyl functionality and compares them with similar functionality on conventional silane coupling agents. It also introduces new structural dipodal silanes containing “pendant” and “bridged” functionality and then examines their stability in aqueous environments. In strongly acidic and brine environments, dipodal silanes clearly demonstrate improved resistance to hydrolysis compared to conventional silane coupling agents.
A template-assisted self-organization process for the formation of a linear arrangement of pairs of metallic tips
Authors: Brassat Katharina , Lindner Jörg K.N. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA novel process for the formation of pairs of opposing metallic nanotips within linear trenches on a silicon wafer is investigated in detail. The process is based on a spreading knife technique typically used in nanosphere lithography to generate monolayers of colloidal polystyrene beads. Here it is applied to initiate self-assembly of spheres in long linear trenches acting as a template for the sphere arrangement. The optimum blade velocity to deposit the spheres selectively and densely packed in the trench depends on the trench surface fraction and can be described by a modified Dimitrov model. It is demonstrated that the spheres can be used as a shadow mask to deposit metallic nanotips in a channel, which are electrically interconnected on each side of the trench, possibly enabling the control and manipulation of nanoobjects in the channel.
Mental Disorders and Work Integration: A Retrospective Study in a Northern Italian Town
Authors: Buizza Chiara , Pioli Rosaria , Lecchi Sara , Bonetto Chiara , Bartoli Anna , Taglietti Renzo , Ghilardi Alberto , Riva Eugenio 
Published: March 2014

Objectives:The present study was conducted in a vocational integration service of a northern Italian town with two major aims: to assess vocational integration programs undertaken from 1stJanuary 2004 to 1stJanuary 2007; and to identify job tenure-associated predictors.Methods:This is a retrospective study; we collected data such as gender, age, duration, type and outcome of the vocational integration program, and number of interventions performed by the vocational integration service. Self-report questionnaires were also used to assess the satisfaction of users, caregivers, practitioners, and of the company contacts involved in the study.Results:The service has enrolled 84 users during the observation period. Out of these users, 64.3% of them still had their jobs after three years. Users, caregivers and company contacts expressed high levels of satisfaction for the support received by the vocational integration service. The company expressed less satisfaction for the collaboration received by the Departments of Mental Health (DMHs) that coached the users. The only variable associated to the outcome was the number of interventions that the users received before their placement on the job.Conclusions:Despite all the limits of this study, its results show that the chance of taking advantage of a supported job placement service has likely proven itself effective in helping people with mental disorders to obtain and maintain a competitive employment. Our results, however, also point to the necessity of implementing newer strategies meant to develop a greater integration among all services dealing with mentally ill people.
Utility of C-terminal Telopeptide in Evaluating Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy-Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Christy Alap L. , D'Souza Vivian , Babu Ruby P. , Takodara Sohil , Manjrekar Poornima , Hegde Anupama , Rukmini M. S. 
Published: March 2014

Background Levothyroxine (LT4) therapy has shown to have effects on bone metabolism though its deleterious effect on bone remodeling is debatable. This study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic utility of the bone remodeling marker C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) in detecting early bone loss. Materials and Methods In this case–control study, 84 premenopausal women of 30–45 years of age were selected. Out of them, 28 were recently diagnosed of hypothyroidism (not on LT4), 28 were on LT4 replacement therapy (100–200 μg/day) for more than five years, and 28 had euthyroid. Plasma CTx levels were estimated. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) method. Pearson's coefficient of correlation and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results CTx was most elevated in LT4-treated group (0.497 ± 0.209 ng/mL). It showed a significant negative correlation with T-score and Z-score of BMD values. In the treatment group of more than 150 μg/day, CTx showed significantly negative correlation with TSH ( r = –0.462, P = 0.047). Conclusion LT4 therapy induces bone loss in hypothyroid patients. CTx levels can measure such bone loss along with BMD. Regular monitoring of CTx with adjustment in LT4 doses may help delay osteoporosis induced by prolonged LT4 replacement therapy.
Naloxone Availability and Cost After Transition to an Over-the-Counter Product
Authors: Marley Grace T. , Annis Izabela E. , Egan Kathleen L. , Delamater Paul , Carpenter Delesha M. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe US Food and Drug Administration approved Narcan, a nasal spray formulation of naloxone, for sale as an over-the-counter (OTC) medication in March 2023. The purpose of OTC approval was to improve naloxone accessibility to reduce opioid overdoses; however, research has not yet evaluated whether naloxone’s availability and cost changed since this policy was implemented.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the accessibility and cost of naloxone at North Carolina community pharmacies changed after OTC naloxone became available and whether cost and availability varied by pharmacy type and urbanicity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal telephone-based secret shopper survey study included a stratified sample of 202 North Carolina community pharmacies, including health department, independent, and chain pharmacies. There were 2 separate data collection efforts from March to April 2023 (before OTC naloxone could be sold at pharmacies) and November 2023 to January 2024 (after OTC naloxone was sold at pharmacies).ExposureOTC naloxone first became available for sale at community pharmacies in September 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were same-day availability of naloxone without a clinician-issued prescription and the quoted out-of-pocket cost for cash-paying patients.ResultsData were collected from 192 pharmacies. Same-day naloxone availability increased from 42.2% (81 of 192) before OTC naloxone availability to 57.8% (111 of 192) after (P &amp;lt; .001). The mean (SD) quoted out-of-pocket cost decreased from $90.93 ($42.6) pre-OTC availability to $62.67 ($41.0) post-OTC availability (P &amp;lt; .001). Independent pharmacies had higher mean (SD) costs than chain pharmacies in both the pre-OTC phase ($109.47 [$37.90] vs $86.40 [$35.70]; P &amp;lt; .001) and post-OTC phase ($77.59 [$38.90] vs $57.74 [$35.90]; P = .004). Out-of-pocket costs did not differ by urbanicity in the pre-OTC phase; however, mean (SD) costs were higher at suburban ($88.67 [$66.80]) and rural ($65.43 [$35.00]) pharmacies compared with urban pharmacies ($53.58 [$29.00]) in the post-OTC phase (P = .003).Conclusions and RelevanceThe Food and Drug Administration’s approval of OTC naloxone nasal spray contributed to an increase in pharmacy-based availability of naloxone and a reduction of its cost for cash-paying patients. Cost was higher at independent pharmacies compared with chain pharmacies and lower in urban pharmacies compared with suburban and rural pharmacies.
Designing Prefaculty Competencies for Diverse Learners Through a Modified Delphi Process
Authors: Lee Rosa , Lucas Raymond , Dickerman Joel , Day Lukejohn W. , Guzman Daniel , Kothari Pooja , Love LaTanya , McDade William , Rodgers Ashley , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Zhang Lindy , Sánchez John Paul 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceFaculty diversity in academic medicine may better prepare the next generation of equity-minded health care practitioners and leaders. Prefaculty development is an emerging concept to support trainees in achieving key knowledge, skills, and experiences to become successful faculty.ObjectiveTo outline competencies, with corresponding milestones, to support the academic career development of learners, inclusive of racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender identities minoritized in medicine.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing a modified Delphi process, a national working group consisting of 13 members was established. The group used the published literature and listening sessions with diverse stakeholders to draft a set of competencies and milestones in July 2022. Diverse expert panelists reviewed the draft set over 2 rounds between September 2022 and January 2023. The group considered qualitative data to further refine the draft set between rounds. Consensus was reached when competencies and milestones were rated as agree or strongly agree on importance or appropriateness by 75% or greater of expert panelists after the second round. A final set of competencies and milestones was generated in February 2023. Data from round 1 were analyzed in October 2022 and data from round 2 were analyzed in January 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe development of prefaculty competencies with corresponding milestones by expert panel rankings and comments.ResultsThe national working group consisted of 13 members who represented diversity across racial, ethnic, and gender identities and academic and career tracks. The working group developed an initial set of 36 competencies and corresponding milestones across 12 domains. After 2 rounds, consensus among 46 expert panelists generated a final list of 32 competencies with corresponding milestones across 11 domains. A total of 26 panelists (56.5%) were women, 11 (23.9%) were Black or African American, 17 (37.0%) were Latina/o/x/e, Hispanic, or of Spanish origin, and 10 (21.7%) were White. Competency domains were divided into 2 groups: foundational (academic career choice and professional identity, mentorship, networking, financial skills, diversity and inclusion, personal effectiveness and self-efficacy, and leadership) and focused (education, community engagement, research, and clinical medicine). Consensus for inclusion or elimination of items was greater than 90% between the 2 rounds.Conclusions and RelevanceThere was consensus among the working group and expert panelists regarding the importance and appropriateness of the competencies and milestones for diverse trainees to successfully obtain faculty positions. Institutions and national organizations can use these competencies as a framework to develop curricula that support diverse learners’ career development toward academia.