bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile preparation and performance of flexible sensors based on polyacrylamide/carboxymethylchitosan/tannin acid hydrogels
Authors: Liu Haochen , Huang Bei , Ke Guipin , Cao Zheng , Cheng Junfeng , Wang Dong , Sun Fangli , Ma Wenzhong , Liu Chunlin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrogel flexible sensors are gaining significant interest due to their distinct biocompatibility, flexibility, and unique features of being adjustable and injectable, but there are still problems of poor self‐healing performance and low conductivity in the current stage of research. In this work, a prefabricated blending method was used to construct a dual‐network system using polyacrylamide (PAM), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), and tannin acid (TA), and ferric ions (Fe3+) were introduced to apply ionically conductive organic hydrogels to flexible sensors. The PAM/CMCS‐Fe3+/TA hydrogels have good fatigue resistance and self‐healing properties, and their conductivity is as high as 6.42 S/m. This hydrogel‐based sensor for strain sensing purpose offers a lot of promise for flexible sensor applications since it can provide steady, dependable, and repeatable electrical impulses.
Detection of the epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa AUST‐03 (ST242) strain in people with cystic fibrosis in South Africa
Authors: Hamiwe Thabo , White Debbie A. , Kwenda Stanford , Ismail Arshad , Klugman Susan , Van Bruwaene Lore , Goga Ameena , Kock Marleen M. , Smith Anthony M. , Ehlers Marthie M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosa AUST‐03 (ST242) has been reported to cause epidemics in people with CF (pwCF) from Australia and has been associated with multidrug resistance and increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we report an epidemic P. aeruginosa (AUST‐03) strain in South African pwCF detected at a public hospital and characterize the genomic antibiotic resistance determinants.MethodsThe P. aeruginosa AUST‐03 (ST242) study isolates were analysed with whole genome sequencing using the Illumina NextSeq2000 platform. Raw sequencing reads were processed using the Jekesa pipeline and multilocus sequence typing and genomic antibiotic resistance characterization was performed using public databases. Genetic relatedness between the study isolates and global P. aeruginosa ST242 from public databases was determined using a maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic tree. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques.ResultsA total of 11 P. aeruginosa AUST‐03 isolates were isolated from two children with CF. The majority (8/11) of these isolates were multidrug‐resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant; and the multidrug efflux pumps MexAB‐OprM, MexCD‐OprJ, MexEF‐OprN, and MexXY‐OprM were the most clinically relevant antibiotic resistance determinants and were detected in all of the isolates. The study isolates were the most closely related to a 2020 P. aeruginosa AUST‐03 (ST242) CF isolate from Russia.ConclusionEpidemic MDR P. aeruginosa strains are present at South African public CF clinics and need to be considered when implementing segregation and infection control strategies to prevent possible spread and outbreaks.
Families' perceptions of consumer‐grade, inexpensive oxygen saturation monitors
Authors: Charland Danielle , Kovesi Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated what proportion of families have a consumer‐grade pulse oximeter, why they bought one, and how they choose to use it.Working HypothesisWe hypothesized that children followed in cardiorespiratory clinics would be more likely to have an oximeter than children attending a more general clinic.Study Design and Subject SelectionWe carried out a cross‐sectional study using a convenience sample of children attending a respirology, cardiology, or gastroenterology clinic at a children's hospital. Consenting guardians completed a survey.ResultsTwo‐hundred families completed the survey. Fifty‐three (26.5%; 53/200) had an oximeter at home. The proportion of children attending a cardiorespiratory clinic who had an oximeter was higher than another clinic (p = 0.08), but 15.5% of children attending the latter also had access to one. Of devices not funded by government insurance, over 80% of devices were “fingertip” clamp‐style oximeters, and 50% were purchased online. Most devices were used only when the child was ill (83.7%; 36/43). Only about 1/3 of families had received education about using an oximeter, and a similar proportion had compared their oximeter to a medical‐grade device. Only 2.4% (1/42) respondents did not feel that their device was “somewhat” or “very” accurate. The oxygen saturation that would prompt seeking emergency care was similar to most pediatric acute care guidelines.ConclusionsMany children, particularly those with cardiorespiratory conditions, have access to consumer‐grade pulse oximeters. Asking about the presence of an oximeter should be part of the pediatric history, and families responding affirmatively should be offered education.
A stochastic constitutive model and its application to HTPB propellant
Authors: Zhou Dong‐Mo , Hui Bu‐Qing , Zhao Shao‐Bin , Chen Hang , Liu Xiang‐Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo address the issue of randomness in the mechanical properties of the hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant, a stochastic constitutive model (SCM) with a lognormally distributed random parameter Λ was proposed to describe their mechanical behaviors, and the structural integrity of a HTPB propellant grain was analyzed based on it. The results indicate that the stress‐strain curves predicted by the SCM have a good agreement with the experimental curves, and the experimental curves fall within a 95 % probability interval predicted by the SCM. The mechanical response of HTPB propellant grain under ignition pressurization is associated with the random parameters Λ. The maximum equivalent stress and safety factor increase approximately linearly with the increase of random parameters Λ, while the maximum equivalent strain and maximum damage coefficient decrease approximately linearly with the increase of random parameters Λ. The error in the mechanical response of the grain obtained based on the SCM and the experimental constitutive model is basically not more than 2 %, the SCM can effectively characterize the randomness in the mechanical response of propellant grain caused by the dispersion of HTPB propellant mechanical properties.
Tutorial on Firth's Logistic Regression Models for Biomarkers in Preclinical Space
Authors: D'Angelo Gina , Ran Di 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPreclinical studies are broad and can encompass cellular research, animal trials, and small human trials. Preclinical studies tend to be exploratory and have smaller datasets that often consist of biomarker data. Logistic regression is typically the model of choice for modeling a binary outcome with explanatory variables such as genetic, imaging, and clinical data. Small preclinical studies can have challenging data that may include a complete separation or quasi‐complete separation issue that will result in logistic regression inflated coefficient estimates and standard errors. Penalized regression approaches such as Firth's logistic regression are a solution to reduce the bias in the estimates. In this tutorial, a number of examples with separation (complete or quasi‐complete) are illustrated and the results from both logistic regression and Firth's logistic regression are compared to demonstrate the inflated estimates from the standard logistic regression model and bias‐reduction of the estimates from the penalized Firth's approach. R code and datasets are provided in the supplement.
Spectral scaling of unstably stratified atmospheric flows: Turbulence anisotropy and the low‐frequency spread
Authors: Charrondière Claudine , Stiperski Ivana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnstable surface‐layer velocity and temperature spectra, scaled using inertial subrange properties and Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, have been known to show a notable spread in low frequencies. Here, a large ensemble of 14 datasets, over relatively simple (from flat and homogeneous terrain to gentle slopes or valley floor) and very complex mountainous terrain (steep slopes, crater rim, mountain tops), is used to assess the reasons for this low‐frequency behaviour. Turbulence anisotropy is shown to be the primary factor accounting for the spread in the spectral density at the largest scales and the spectral peak position of streamwise and spanwise velocity spectra. On the other hand, the low‐frequency behaviour of surface‐normal spectra is dominated by stability effects, whereas for temperature spectra turbulence anisotropy and stability play a similar role. Using a combination of scaling relations for temperature and velocity variances as well as dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy and half the temperature variance, and of a semi‐empirical model provided in the literature, we are able to describe the behaviour of the velocity and temperature spectra with only turbulence anisotropy and stability as input parameters. These observations are valid over both simple and complex mountainous terrain, although variability of the largest scales of complex‐terrain datasets highlights the effect of processes other than turbulence anisotropy or stability. Finally, we provide some insights into the scalewise nature of anisotropic eddies under different stabilities.
Large model biases in the Pacific centre of the Northern Annular Mode due to exaggerated variability of the Aleutian Low
Authors: Lee Simon H. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Northern Annular Mode (NAM) is traditionally defined as the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) anomalies during winter. Previous studies have shown that the Pacific centre‐of‐action of the NAM is typically more amplified in models than in reanalysis. Here, we analyse the NAM in hindcasts from nine seasonal prediction models over 1993/1994–2016/2017. In all the models, the Pacific centre‐of‐action is much larger than in reanalysis over that period, during which the NAM and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are almost indistinguishable. As a result, the NAM in the models is correlated with Aleutian Low variability around four times more strongly than in reanalysis. We show that this discrepancy can be explained primarily by the amplitude of Aleutian Low variability, which is on average 17% higher in models than in reanalysis, with a secondary effect from a stronger correlation between the Aleutian Low and NAO. When the NAM is computed using zonally averaged MSLP, the Aleutian Low amplitude does not influence the pattern directly. Instead, the amplitude of the Pacific centre‐of‐action is governed primarily by the correlation between the Aleutian Low and NAO, reducing the apparent Pacific biases in models. While the two methods yield almost identical results in reanalysis, the large Aleutian Low biases result in differences when applied to model data. Modifying the MSLP statistically to alter the Aleutian Low amplitude reveals that the spatial pattern of the traditionally defined NAM is highly sensitive to Aleutian Low variability, even without modifying the correlation between the Aleutian Low and NAO. Hence, the NAM in models may not be as biased as the traditional method would suggest. We therefore conclude that the traditional EOF method is unsuitable for defining the NAM in the presence of highly amplified Aleutian Low variability, and encourage the use of the zonal‐mean method.
Underwater multizonotope terrain‐aided navigation method with coarse map based on set‐membership filter
Authors: Ma Dong , Ma Teng , Li Ye , Zhang Qiang , Ling Yu , Liao Yulei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTerrain‐aided navigation (TAN) is a viable method to achieve long‐term underwater navigation for long‐range autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). However, the high‐accuracy positioning results of most TAN systems rely on precise a priori seabed terrain maps, which restricts their applicability to a few areas with accurate bathymetric measurements of the seabed terrain. This article introduces a TAN system based on the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) data set for global marine applications. Specifically, to address the low accuracy and poor robustness of the TAN system with imprecise bathymetric measurement and low‐resolution data from the GEBCO data set, this article proposes a multizonotope TAN method based on set‐membership filter (SMF) theory. The SMF theory is employed to handle the unknown distribution of the measurement noise from the GEBCO data set, introducing a multizonotope measurement update model to achieve more precise navigational results while addressing the perceptual ambiguity caused by self‐similar terrain. The smoothness of the terrain is incorporated as a parameter in the generation ranges of multizonotope, enabling adaptive adjustment based on terrain smoothness to reduce costs and enhance navigational performance. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are verified through all shipboard experiments, publicly available data sets, and AUV experiments. Compared with state‐of‐the‐art TAN methods, the average and maximum positioning errors have decreased by 64.83% and 48.84%, respectively. Finally, based on the experimental results, a preliminary distribution of suitable areas in the oceans is provided.
Temperature Dependent Growth Kinetics of Pd Nanocrystals: Insights from Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lee Serin , Watanabe Tommy , Ross Frances M. , Park Jeung Hun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantifying the role of experimental parameters on the growth of metal nanocrystals is crucial when designing synthesis protocols that yield specific structures. Here, the effect of temperature on the growth kinetics of radiolytically‐formed branched palladium (Pd) nanocrystals is investigated by tracking their evolution using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and applying a temperature‐dependent radiolysis model. At early times, kinetics consistent with growth limited is measured by the surface reaction rate, and it is found that the growth rate increases with temperature. After a transition time, kinetics consistent with growth limited by Pd atom supply is measured, which depends on the diffusion rate of Pd ions and atoms and the formation rate of Pd atoms by reduction of Pd ions by hydrated electrons. Growth in this regime is not strongly temperature‐dependent, which is attributed to a balance between changes in the reducing agent concentration and the Pd ion diffusion rate. The observations suggest that branched rough surfaces, generally attributed to diffusion‐limited growth, can form under surface reaction‐limited kinetics. It is further shown that the combination of liquid cell TEM and radiolysis calculations can help identify the processes that determine crystal growth, with prospects for strategies for control during the synthesis of complex nanocrystals.
α‐CsPbI3 Quantum Dots ReRAM with High Air Stability Working by Valance Change Filamentary Mechanism
Authors: Lee Da Eun , Im In Hyuk , Baek Ji Hyun , Kwak Kyung Ju , Kim Seung Ju , Lee Tae Hyung , Kim Jae Young , Jang Ho Won 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current memory system is facing obstacles to improvement, and ReRAM is considered a powerful alternative. All‐inorganic α‐CsPbI3 perovskite‐based ReRAM working by electrochemical mechanism is reported, but the electrochemically active electrode raised difficulty in long‐term stable operation, and bulk α‐CsPbI3 device can not show resistive switching behavior with an inert metal top electrode. Herein, by making the α‐CsPbI3 into QDs and applying it to the device with inert Au as the top electrode, the devices working by valence change mechanism are successfully fabricated. The large surface‐to‐volume ratio made an abundant amount of iodine vacancies and facile migration of vacancies allowed the device to work by valence change mechanism. The devices show reliable electrical characteristics, 800 cycles endurance and retention for over 4 × 104 s, and air stability for 1 month. This work demonstrates that applying the QDs can improve the stability and enable a new type of working mechanism in ReRAM.
Sonographic assessment of ulno‐humeral joint instability
Authors: Roche Bridie , Fenech Michelle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow plays a crucial role in elbow stability, specifically as a valgus and rotational constraint. Injuries to the UCL are common in overhead‐throwing athletes resulting in elbow instability. A timely diagnosis of early ulno‐humeral joint space widening in the overhead‐throwing athlete is required, to inform patient management and return to play. Sonographic assessment and measurement of the ulno‐humeral joint space with and without stress, and comparison to the contralateral uninjured side provides a quantitative assessment of instability. A systematic sonographic technique for single operator stress ultrasound is outlined to improve consistency of assessment and reporting of findings.
Anatomical study of pericardioperitoneal canal in immature beluga (Huso huso) with ultrasonography
Authors: Zehtabvar Omid , Vajhi AliReza , Masoudifard Majid , Davudypoor Somaye , Tonekabony Seyyed Hossein Modarres 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the special anatomical structures in sturgeons is the pericardioperitoneal canal (PPC), which has not been studied much. Considering that the presence and absence of this channel and its morphometry have not been investigated in this type of fish, this study was conducted.ObjectiveThe purpose of present study was to obtain a complete understanding about anatomical features and ultrasonography of PPC in the heart of immature beluga species in order to provide standard approaches for performing sonography and echocardiography on this sturgeon species.MethodsTen immature belugas (Huso huso) were used to perform ultrasonography with Sonosite MicroMaxx ultrasonography machine of ventral approach between two pectoral fins. After performing the steps of ultrasonographic study, gross anatomical studies were also performed, and the morphometric measurement of the canal was also performed.ResultsA small PPC was observed, which communicated between the pericardial cavity, and the peritoneal (coelomic) cavity. The cranial part of this channel, which was located immediately after the transverse septum, was on the midline of the body and was seen in midsagittal ultrasonograms. On average, the length of this canal was 3.23 ± 0.05 cm, and its diameter (cranial part) was 0.24 ± 0.04 cm.ConclusionsIn the present study on immature beluga, it was observed that the canal is located behind the sinus venosus and is caudoventral to it, though behind the transverse septum. It has been mentioned that this PPC establishes a connection between the pericardial cavity and the peritoneal cavity, so this connection is between the peritoneal cavity and the space between the two layers of the pericardium and has no connection with the pericardial sac (the space where the heart is located). In this study, the anatomical structure and morphometry of the PPC in immature beluga were investigated, and some approaches were presented to observe the canal in ultrasonography.
Observables from the spinning eikonal
Authors: Luna Andres , Moynihan Nathan , O’Connell Donal , Ross Alasdair 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the classical dynamics of spinning particles using scattering amplitudes and eikonal exponentiation. We show that observables are determined by a simple algorithm. A wealth of complexity arises in perturbation theory as positions, momenta and spins must be iteratively corrected at each order. Even though we restrict ourselves to one-loop computations at quadratic order in spin, nevertheless we encounter and resolve a number of subtle effects. Finally, we clarify the links between our work and various other eikonal approaches to spinning observables.
The cosmological constant and the weak gravity conjecture
Authors: Liu Yang , Padilla Antonio , Pedro Francisco G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We examine the descent via membrane nucleation through a landscape of vacua where the cosmological constant is given by a combination of four-form fluxes. It has been shown that this descent can be slowed exponentially for very low curvature vacua close to Minkowski space in a wide class of models satisfying certain parametric conditions, providing a possible solution to the cosmological constant problem. We explore in detail whether or not those parametric conditions are compatible with the membrane weak gravity conjecture. Whilst it is true that there is often tension, we show that this is not always the case and present an explicit model where Minkowski space is absolutely stable and the weak gravity conjecture is satisfied. This corresponds to an extension of the Bousso-Polchinski model into a generalised DBI action for four-forms. We also clarify how the landscape should be populated in a consistent model.
Jet rotational metrics
Authors: Romero Alexis , Whiteson Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Embedding symmetries in the architectures of deep neural networks can improve classification and network convergence in the context of jet substructure. These results hint at the existence of symmetries in jet energy depositions, such as rotational symmetry, arising from the physical features of the underlying processes. We introduce new jet observables, Jet Rotational Metrics (JRMs), which provide insights into the substructure of jets by comparing them to jets with perfect discrete rotational symmetry. We show that JRMs are formidable jet features, achieving good classification scores when used as inputs to deep neural networks. We also show that when used in combination with other jet observables, like N-subjettiness and EFPs, our features increase classification performance. The results suggest that JRMs may capture information not efficiently captured by the other observables, motivating the design of future jet observables for learning the underlying symmetries in the physical processes.
Persistent Homology with Selective Rips Complexes Detects Geodesic Circles
Authors: Virk Žiga 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a method to detect each geometrically significant loop that is a geodesic circle (an isometric embedding of $$S^1$$

S
1

) and a bottleneck loop (meaning that each of its perturbations increases the length) in a geodesic space using persistent homology. Under fairly mild conditions, we show that such a loop either terminates a 1-dimensional homology class or gives rise to a 2-dimensional homology class in persistent homology. The main tool in this detection technique are selective Rips complexes, new custom made complexes that function as an appropriate combinatorial lens for persistent homology to detect the above mentioned loops. The main argument is based on a new concept of a local winding number, which turns out to be an invariant of certain homology classes.