bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of clinical threshold policies for cataract surgery among English commissioners
Authors: Coronini-Cronberg Sophie , Lee Henry , Darzi Ara , Smith Peter 
Published: September 2012

Objectives: To ascertain if access to cataract surgery is being restricted in England and to describe any explicit threshold criteria. Methods: A survey of 151 local commissioners to explore their cataract surgery policy. A literature review identified research evidence about thresholds for cataract surgery. A checklist was devised and applied to the policies supplied by commissioners. Results: Almost half (71/151) of commissioners were restricting access to surgery and this included patients with some capacity to benefit. There was wide variation in the scope and content of the 67 policies which were available for review. Almost all (92%) commissioners use criteria that do not reflect guidance or research evidence. Conclusions: Patients who could benefit from cataract surgery are being excluded by some commissioners. Variations in policy between commissioners results in inequalities in access.
Solving Constrained Consumption–Investment Problems by Simulation of Artificial Market Strategies
Authors: Bick Björn , Kraft Holger , Munk Claus 
Published: September 2012

Utility-maximizing consumption and investment strategies in closed form are unknown for realistic settings involving portfolio constraints, incomplete markets, and potentially a high number of state variables. Standard numerical methods are hard to implement in such cases. We propose a numerical procedure that combines the abstract idea of artificial, unconstrained complete markets, well-known closed-form solutions in affine or quadratic return models, straightforward Monte Carlo simulation, and a standard iterative optimization routine. Our method provides an upper bound on the wealth-equivalent loss compared to the unknown optimal strategy, and it facilitates our understanding of the economic forces at play by building on closed-form expressions for the strategies considered. We illustrate and test our method on the life-cycle problem of an individual who receives unspanned labor income and cannot borrow or short sell. The upper loss bound is small, and our method performs well in comparison with two existing methods. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Does More Time Spent Calling Home Correlate with Higher Remittances? Evidence from Migrants in the State of Qatar
Authors: Seshan Ganesh K. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper investigates an intriguing relationship between the demand for telecommunication and remittance services by migrants in Qatar. The hypothesis is that there are important synergies between telecommunications and remittances. Migrants with greater telecom access may have higher demand for remittances, because more frequent communication with relatives raises altruistic motivations for remitting. Migrants who remit more may also demand greater telecommunication service if they seek to monitor remittance recipients’ expenditure patterns. Suggestive evidence of complementarities in telecommunication and remittance demand is found using a cross-sectional dataset of temporary migrants in Qatar from developing countries. This finding highlights an overlooked, yet potentially important role of telecommunication in stimulating greater remittances.
Calcified pericardial band at the level of right ventricle causing midventricular obstruction: a case report of constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Gautam MP , Sharma D , Subramanyam G , Gautam S , Ghimire U 
Published: September 2012

Constrictive pericarditis is a debilitating but potentially curable disease. Diffuse pericardial thickening and calcification is a classic feature described; localized pericardial constrictions are very rare. Here we report a case of a young female who had presented with constrictive pericarditis and had localized calcific constrictive band located at the level distal to atrioventricular groove which had caused right midventricular obstruction. In many patients the cause of the pericardial disease is undetermined, and in them an asymptomatic or forgotten bout of viral or tubercular pericarditis, acute or idiopathic, may have been the inciting event. Our patient had pulmonary tuberculosis during childhood and received antituberculous treatment. Investigations revealed the presence of thickened pericardium and a thickened calcific constrictive band around the right ventricles at midventricle level causing midventricular obstruction. She was referred to another centre for further surgical management. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 58-62 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6813
Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue – A rare entity
Authors: Khadim MT , Asif A , Ali Z , Jamal S , Rizwan - 
Published: September 2012

Spindle cell variant of Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor in adults but even more so in tongue. We report a case of a 17 year old boy who presented with a polypoidal swelling on the tip of the tongue. The mass was excised and the specimen was sent to the Histopathology Department of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology for Histomorphological diagnosis. The histological evaluation showed a malignant spindle cell tumor. On the basis of morphological features and immunohistochemistry findings a final diagnosis of Rhabdomyosarcoma, Spindle cell variant was made. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 63-66 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6814
Erthroplasia of queryat- A case report
Authors: Ghimire RBK , Mathur M 
Published: September 2012

Erthroplassia of Queryat (EQ) is a rare squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis. It usually occurs on the glans penis and appears as a well-marginated erythematous velvety patch or plaque. Here, we present a case of Erthroplasia of Queryat (EQ). Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 67-69 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6815
Contact dermatitis – Pathomechanism and understanding of disease in clinical setting
Authors: Mathur M , Kumari S 
Published: September 2012

According to the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, two major types of contact dermatitis recognized irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The diagnosis of either ICD or ACD is mainly depending on comprehensive clinical data (history and physical examination) as well as by performing appropriate diagnostic patch testing. Two forms of contact dermatitis may differ in early phase of development but development of clinical dermatitis have similar mechanism confusing the clinician and differentiating between ICD and ACD is often difficult in the clinical setting. This review will allow practicing physician to adopt rational clinical approach and the implementation of scientific information for therapeutic as well as preventive strategies. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 70-77 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6816
Effect of gonadotropins and alpha 2u-globulin on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in melatonin-treated rats
Authors: Biswas R , Biswas NM , Mandal H , Biswas NM 
Published: September 2012

Administration of melatonin (400?g/100g bd.wt.) for 14 days caused a fall in weights of the testes and accessory sex organs and testicular 17?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17?-HSD) but rise in 3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3?-HSD) activity, decreased spermatogenesis, serum level of gonadotropins, testosterone and alpha 2u-globulin, The animals treated with melatonin when received gonadotropins or alpha 2u-globulin for the last seven days reversed the weight of testis and accessory sex organs, 3?-HSD, 17?-HSD activities, serum level of gonadotropins, testosterone and alpha 2u-globulin when compared with melatonin-treated rats. It is concluded that alpha 2u-globulin prevents testicular degeneration in melatonin-treated rats by stimulating the synthesis of gonadotropins. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-1, 7-12 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i1.6819
A lethal chest injury following rhinoceros attack– a case report
Authors: Shah S , Marharjan N , Pradhan SK , Kafle P , Chapagain D , Reddy DJ 
Published: September 2012

Injuries following wild animal encounters continue to be a major public health problem. Majority of such injuries are minor, however, many injuries remain undocumented. Many victim die, primarily in third-world countries, before receiving adequate medical care. Penetrating injuries to the chest following the attack by the wild animals, though rare, present a challenging problem. Though a great number of papers have been published regarding the injuries following encounter with animals, least are the lethal injuries occuring in the thoracic region and the survival out of these grave injury is very minimum. We herein present the least possible surviving case with lethal penetrating injury of the chest and left lung following the goring by the rhinoceros. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-1, 52-55 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i1.6827
The Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Its Association with Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Men: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Qing , Young Jim , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Vernazza Pietro , Hirschel Bernard , Weber Rainer , Furrer Hansjakob , Stoeckle Marcel , Bucher Heiner C , Fux Christoph ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: September 2012

Background Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among HIV-infected men and its association with components of antiretroviral therapy. Methods Cross-sectional data on sexual dysfunction were collected in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) between December 2009 and November 2010. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between ED and exposure to 24 different antiretroviral drugs from four drug classes. Results During the study period, 5,194 of 5,539 eligible men in the SHCS had a follow-up visit; 4,064 men answered a question on ED for the first time. Among these men, ED was experienced often by 459 (11%), sometimes by 543 (13%), rarely by 389 (10%), never by 2,526 (62%) and 147 (4%) did not know. ED was associated with older age, an earlier HIV diagnosis and depression. No association was found with any drug class; however, ED was associated with cumulative exposure to either zalcitabine (OR 1.29 per year of use; 95% CI 1.07, 1.55) or enfuvirtide (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.08, 1.52). Conclusions Around 1 in 10 men in the SHCS reported often experiencing ED. We found no association between ED and any drug class, but those exposed to zalcitabine or enfurvitide (drugs no longer or rarely used) were more likely to report ED; this second association was probably not causal.
Building Partnerships Using Student Role Models for Neonatal Resuscitation Simulation
Authors: Hensel Desiree , Kathman Julie , Hendricks Ronda , Ball Sonita 
Published: September 2012

Background:
Although the use of simulation in schools of nursing is becoming common, its use in clinical practice is still emerging. This project explored how students could contribute to the clinical unit by supporting learning among experienced registered nurses who are new to simulation.

Methods:

This quasi-experimental pilot study used a convenience sample of all perinatal nurses who participated in a neonatal resuscitation program renewal course in the fall quarter at a Midwestern U.S. hospital (
N
= 88). Satisfaction and confidence in learning were compared between groups of nurses who watched a simulation DVD with either instructors or students as team members before participating in a neonatal resuscitation scenario.

Results:
The participants viewed the simulation as a positive experience. There was no significant difference in satisfaction or confidence with the simulation between the two groups.

Conclusion:
There may be opportunities for student nurses to make positive contributions to staff education on clinical units through simulation.
Inflammation, Interferon-Alpha, and Depression
Authors: Lotrich Francis 
Published: September 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand the incidence of depression during interferon-alpha treatment, the utility of pretreatment mental health assessments, as well as potentially modifiable vulnerability factors that could be targeted for prevention of this depression.

2.
Know the current role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in both the treatment and prevention of depression during interferon-alpha treatment.

3.
Be able to describe the role of inflammatory cytokines in triggering depressive symptoms in both humans and rodent behavioral models.

Many instances of major depression are accompanied by evidence of elevated inflammatory cytokines. Data from animal models and human studies indicate a role for these cytokines in the etiology and development of depression.
Inflammation in the Psychiatric Manifestations of Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: O’Pry Jon Jason , Russell I. Jon 
Published: September 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Recognize and diagnose fibromyalgia syndrome along with its typical somatic and psychiatric comorbidities.

2.
Describe evidence for inflammation in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia.

3.
Consider the potential for marginalization of patients with fibromyalgia and subsequent effects on current and future medical care.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a common soft tissue pain condition, typically presenting with chronic widespread pain and tenderness to palpation. For years, people with fibromyalgia pain have been doubted, criticized, mocked, negated, and marginalized because of their unique presentation of chronic widespread pain. They have been considered unduly sensitive, complainers, drug dependent, or seekers of primary and secondary gain.
Identifying Potential Habitat for the Endangered Aleutian Shield Fern Using Topographical Characteristics
Authors: Duarte Adam , Wolcott Daniel M. , Chow T. Edwin , Ricca Mark A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Aleutian shield fern Polystichum aleuticum is endemic to the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska and is listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Despite numerous efforts to discover new populations of this species, only four known populations are documented to date, and information is needed to prioritize locations for future surveys. Therefore, we incorporated topographical habitat characteristics (elevation, slope, aspect, distance from coastline, and anthropogenic footprint) found at known Aleutian shield fern locations into a Geographical Information System (GIS) model to create a habitat suitability map for the entirety of the Andreaonof Islands. A total of 18 islands contained 489.26 km2 of highly suitable and moderately suitable habitat when weighting each factor equally. This study reports a habitat suitability map for the endangered Aleutian shield fern using topographical characteristics, which can be used to assist current and future recovery efforts for the species.
Segredos de liquidificador: conhecimento e práticas de sexo seguro por Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS
Authors: Lôbo Manuela Balbino , Silva Silvio Romero Fernando Ferreira da , Santos Débora De Souza 
Published: September 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v14i2.12647O presente estudo foi realizado no hospital Dia do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes em Maceió, Alagoas, com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento e identificar as práticas de sexo seguro das Pessoas Vivendo com HIV. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com treze pessoas. Os dados coletados foram organizados e analisados com base na análise temática. Os resultados apontaram para duas temáticas: A percepção do viver e conviver com HIV e A contradição entre o conhecimento e as práticas de sexo seguro. A análise evidenciou a situação de vulnerabilidade relacionada à condição de soropositividade e de marginalidade social, dificultando a convivência com o vírus e repercutindo em práticas sexuais desprotegidas. Discute-se a necessidade dos serviços desenvolverem estratégias educativas e preventivas voltadas para as pessoas que convivem com o vírus, com valorização da subjetividade em seu contexto sociocultural.
Conhecimento de agentes comunitárias de saúde acerca dos determinantes sociais em sua comunidade adscrita
Authors: Santana Fabiana Ribeiro , Lima Rafaela Pereira , Lopes Mayra Maia , Fernandes Julliane Scalia , Oliveira Normalene Sena , Santos Walterlânia Silva , Fortuna Cinira Magali 
Published: September 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v14i2.13102Esta investigação, de natureza qualitativa, objetivou identificar o conhecimento de agentes comunitárias de saúde da Estratégia Saúde da Família acerca dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde em sua área adscrita. Para tanto, utilizamos a técnica do grupo focal com registros em gravador de voz portátil digital e filmadora, após autorização. A análise dos dados foi fundamentada na análise de conteúdo. Os dados foram agrupados em três categorias temáticas: Estilo de vida dos indivíduos - formas, social e cultura, determinadas de vida; Redes sociais e comunitárias - nível de coesão social, condições de vida e trabalho - condições materiais necessárias à subsistência. A identificação e a análise dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde poderão favorecer o estabelecimento de práticas apropriadas de gestão com a finalidade de auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão; a conformação de redes de cooperação; a avaliação crítica do processo saúde-doença e o redirecionamento do cuidado.
Nephrotoxicity with Combination Vancomycin-Aminoglycoside Therapy
Authors: Timpe Erin M. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to review the medical literature regarding vancomycinaminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity in the pediatric population.
METHODS MEDLINE (1966 through June 2005), EMBASE (1980 through 1st quarter 2005), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases were reviewed using appropriate search terms for articles related to nephrotoxicity with vancomycin and aminoglycoside use. Case reports, letters to editors, retrospective and prospective studies evaluating nephrotoxicity with the agents in pediatric patients were compiled and summarized. Studies in animals and adults were also briefly reviewed.
RESULTS One case report, two letters to editors, one retrospective study, and two prospective studies evaluated the nephrotoxicity of combination aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy in pediatric patients. The collective number of patients in the reports was 165. Patients ranged in age from 3 days to 19 years old. Four out of the six reports, including all of the prospective studies, concluded that combination therapy does not potentiate nephrotoxicity.
CONCLUSIONS Although vancomycin and the aminoglycosides have been associated with drug induced nephrotoxicity, reports in the literature do not appear to support the idea that the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside is more nephrotoxic than either medication alone.
Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Administration to Reduce Blood Transfusions in Anemic Pediatric Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Chicella Michael F. , Krueger Kem P. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if the number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions anemic pediatric intensive care unit patients receive could be reduced by the prophylactic administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO).
METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous rHuEPO 300 units/kg/day or placebo. Both groups received elemental iron 6 mg/kg/day.
RESULTS Twenty-seven patients, ages 1 month to 13 years, were enrolled. Baseline hematocrit (Hct), reticulocyte count, and erythropoietin concentration were similar between the two groups. Three patients randomized to rHuEPO received 1 RBC transfusion each, and 4 patients randomized to placebo received 9 transfusions total (P = .68). The end-of-study Hct was not significantly different between the rHuEPO and placebo groups, 30.3 ± 3.6 and 26.8 ± 4.8, respectively (P = .06). Additionally, neither the % Hct change (baseline to final), nor the % reticulocyte change (baseline to final), was statistically different between the two groups.
CONCLUSION In this small group of anemic pediatric intensive care unit patients, prophylactic rHuEPO administration did not reduce the number of patients who received RBC transfusions. Furthermore, it did not significantly increase Hct or reticulocyte count when compared to placebo.
Physical Compatibility of Alprostadil with Commonly Used IV Solutions and Medications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dice James E. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE To determine the physical compatibility of alprostadil with intravenous (IV) solutions, a parenteral nutrition (PN) solution, and other intravenous medications commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
METHODS To simulate y-site administration, each IV solution and the PN solution were slowly mixed 1:1 with alprostadil 15 μg/mL at 25°C. The mixtures were gently shaken and visually examined at 1, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes for physical incompatibility (gross precipitation, color change, haze, separation or gas production). In addition, each test tube was touched to assess for gross temperature change. The above mixtures were made a second time and each mixture was slowly mixed 1:1 with each of the test medications at 25°C. The ampicillin-parenteral nutrition and the chlorothiazide-parenteral nutrition solution mixtures were not tested with alprostadil. The mixtures were examined for physical incompatibility as described above.
RESULTS Alprostadil was visually compatible with D5W 0.45% NaCl, D5W 0.45% NaCl with 20 mEq KCl/L, D10W 0.45% NaCl, D10W 0.45% NaCl with 20mEq KCl/L, and a PN solution. Alprostadil was visually compatible with ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, chlorothiazide, dobutamine, dopamine, fentanyl, furosemide, gentamicin, methylprednisolone, tobramycin, vancomycin and vecuronium when mixed in D5W 0.45% NaCl, D5W 0.45% NaCl with 20mEq KCl/L, D10W 0.45% NaCl, and D10W 0.45% NaCl with 20mEq KCl/L. Alprostadil was visually compatible with cefazolin, cefotaxime, dobutamine, dopamine, fentanyl, furosemide, gentamicin, methylprednisolone, tobramycin, vancomycin and vecuronium when mixed in a PN solution. In addition, no gross temperature change was detected in any mixture.
CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, alprostadil is physically compatible with the tested IV solutions and a PN solution, as well as commonly prescribed IV medications used in the NICU when mixed with the tested IV solutions and a PN solution.