bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements in patients with advanced‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer: CT characteristics and response to chemotherapy
Authors: Park Jangchul , Yamaura Hidekazu , Yatabe Yasushi , Hosoda Waki , Kondo Chiaki , Shimizu Junichi , Horio Yoshitsugu , Yoshida Kimihide , Tanaka Kosuke , Oguri Tomoyo , Kobayashi Yoshihisa , Hida Toyoaki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFew articles have been published on the imaging findings of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To investigate the radiological findings of ALK‐positive NSCLC in the advanced stage, CT scans were examined. In addition, the response to chemotherapy was evaluated. Of the 36 patients with ALK‐rearranged NSCLC, a mass and a nodule were identified in 17 (47.2%) and 16 (44.4%), respectively, indicating that more than 40% had a small‐sized tumor. Overall, 31 (86.1%) patients had lymphadenopathy, seven (19.4%) had extranodal lymph node invasion, and three (8.3%) had lymphangitis. A pleural effusion was seen in 15 patients (41.7%). All but one patient had no ground‐glass opacity (GGO) lesions, indicating that most ALK‐positive tumors showed a solid growth pattern without GGO on CT. Twenty were evaluable for response to chemotherapy; 10 (50.0%) had a partial response (PR), nine (45.0%) had stable disease (SD), and one (5.0%) had progressive disease (PD) with first‐line chemotherapy. With second‐line chemotherapy, five (26.3%) had PR, 11 (57.9%) had SD, and three (15.8%) had PD. The five patients with PR were all treated by using crizotinib. Time to progression was 8.2 months with first‐line chemotherapy, and 6.0 months with second‐line chemotherapy. Advanced‐stage ALK‐positive tumors have a relatively aggressive phenotype, which cannot be inferred from the size of the tumor alone. ALK‐positive patients have a good response to first‐line cytotoxic drugs and to crizotinib as second‐line therapy, but a relatively poor response to cytotoxic drugs as second‐line therapy.
Lack of appreciation of the role of osmotically unresponsive water in cell volume regulation
Authors: Cameron Ivan L. , Fullerton Gary D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe osmotic responsiveness of cell water has been re‐evaluated of reports on the osmotic behaviour of cells. In seven animal cell types, the osmotically unresponsive water (OUR) fraction values ranged from 0.75 to 2.41 g water/g dry mass (g/g), and from 25 to 92% of the total cell water. Protein confirmation, aggregation and crowding play a major, but under‐recognised, role in determining the extent of OUR and the regulation of cell volume. Volume regulation studies that do not take into account the role of OUR must be judged incomplete.
On‐Stream Regeneration of a Sulfur‐Poisoned Ruthenium–Carbon Catalyst Under Hydrothermal Gasification Conditions
Authors: Dreher Marian , Steib Matthias , Nachtegaal Maarten , Wambach Jörg , Vogel Frédéric 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCatalytic processes that employ Ru catalysts in supercritical water are capable of converting organics, such as wood waste or biosolids, into synthetic natural gas (CH4) with high efficiencies at relatively moderate temperatures of around 400 °C. However, Ru catalysts are prone to S poisoning and are quickly deactivated. As S is ubiquitous in raw biomass and technologies to remove S from hydrothermal biomass feeds are lacking, regeneration protocols that efficiently reactivate S‐poisoned catalysts are required to realize efficient conversion processes and long catalyst lifetimes. In this work, we developed a method to remove S from a S‐poisoned Ru catalyst under hydrothermal conditions through an oxidative treatment in the aqueous phase. By using in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy under the reaction conditions, we show that Ru is oxidized by dilute H2O2 at low temperatures, which leads to the removal of adsorbed S species from the catalyst surface. By optimizing the regeneration conditions, it was possible to prevent oxidation of the catalyst carbon support, as revealed by ex situ TEM. This treatment led to a reactivation of the Ru catalyst with a significant increase in carbon‐to‐gas conversion and methane selectivity.
A NiPdB‐PEG(800) Amorphous Alloy Catalyst for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Electron‐Deficient Aromatic Substrates
Authors: Bai Guoyi , Zhao Zhen , Dong Huixian , Niu Libo , Wang Yalong , Chen Qingzhi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA new Pd and polyethylene glycol 800 [PEG(800)]‐modified NiB [NiPdB‐PEG(800)] amorphous alloy catalyst was prepared, which demonstrated excellent activities, similar to those of noble metal catalysts, in the chemoselective hydrogenation of a series of electron‐deficient aromatic substrates in water. The addition of small amounts of Pd to NiB markedly improved its activity. The Pd not only benefits the dispersion of active species but also contributes to the activity of the catalyst. The accompanying agglomeration can be inhibited with the further addition of PEG(800), which results in the largest surface area, the smallest particle size, and the greatest number of active species, resulting in optimum H2‐chemisorption and accounting for its highest activity. The key factors determining the main reaction products depend not only on the structures of the substrates but also on the character of the solvents. Water is found to be the most effective solvent for most of the substrates.
How Can a Carbene be Active in an Ionic Liquid?
Authors: Thomas Martin , Brehm Martin , Hollóczki Oldamur , Kirchner Barbara 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe solvation of the carbene 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazole‐2‐ylidene in the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate was investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in order to reveal the interaction between these two highly important classes of materials: N‐heterocyclic carbenes with superb catalytic activity and ionic liquids with advantageous properties as solvents and reaction media. In contrast to previously published data on analogous systems, no hydrogen bond is observed between the hypovalent carbon atom and the most acidic ring hydrogen atoms, as these interaction sites of the imidazolium ring are predominantly occupied by the acetate ions. Keeping the carbene away from the ring hydrogen atoms prevents stabilization of this reactive species, and hence any retarding effect on subsequent reactions, which explains the observed high reactivity of the carbene in acetate‐based ionic liquids. Instead, the carbene exhibits a weaker interaction with the methyl group of the imidazolium cation by forming a hitherto unprecedented kind of C⋅⋅⋅HC hydrogen bond. This unexpected finding not only indicates a novel kind of hydrogen bond for carbenes, but also shows that such interaction sites of the imidazolium cation are not limited to the ring hydrogen atoms. Thus, the results give the solute–solvent interactions within ionic liquids a new perspective, and provide a further, albeit weak, site of interaction to tune in order to achieve the desired environment for any dissolved active ingredient.
Maximum Compaction of Ionic Organic Explosives: Bis(hydroxylammonium) 5,5′‐Dinitromethyl‐3,3′‐bis(1,2,4‐oxadiazolate) and its Derivatives
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Mayr Norbert , Stierstorfer Jörg , Weyrauther Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWithin this contribution on bis(oxadiazoles) we report on bis‐hydroxylammonium 5,5′‐dinitro‐methyl‐3,3′‐bis(1,2,4‐oxadiazolate), which (to the best of our knowledge) shows the highest density (2.00 g cm−3 at 92 K, 1.95 g cm−3 at RT) ever reported for an ionic CHNO explosive. Also the corresponding bis(ammonium) salt shows an outstanding density of 1.95 g cm−3 (173 K). The reaction of the 3,3′‐bis(1,2,4‐oxadiazolyl)‐5,5′‐bis(2,2′‐dinitro)‐diacetic acid diethyl ester with different nitrogen‐rich bases, such as ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and triaminoguanidine causes decarboxylation followed by the formation of the corresponding salts (cation/anion stoichiometry 2:1). The reactions are performed at ambient temperature in H2O/MeOH mixtures and furnish qualitatively pure products showing characteristics of typical secondary explosives. The obtained compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies were performed and the structures of all compounds were determined at low temperatures. The thermal stability was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The sensitivities were explored by using the BAM drophammer and friction test. The heats of formation were calculated by the atomization method based on CBS‐4M enthalpies. With these values and the X‐ray densities, several detonation parameters such as the detonation pressure, velocity, energy, and temperature were computed using the EXPLO5 code.
CFD‐DEM simulation of the spout–annulus interaction in a 3D spouted bed with a conical base
Authors: Yang Shiliang , Luo Kun , Fang Mingming , Fan Jianren 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNumerical simulation of the gas–solid flow in a three‐dimensionally spouted bed with a conical base is conducted on the base of the CFD–DEM coupling approach. The gas phase is tracked at the computational grid level, while the solid motion is resolved at the particle scale level. The comparison is taken between the calculated results and the experimental data in literature. Hydrodynamics and spout–annulus interaction in the bed are investigated. The results demonstrate that the gas flow in the cylindrical region of the bed shows self‐similarity property. Solid vertical velocity in the central region increases initially and then decreases with bed elevation. The vertical solid transporting intensity is dramatically larger than the lateral one. Furthermore, the spout diameter exhibits a diverging tendency along the axial direction. Spout–annulus interaction intensity can be quantitatively described with solid flux exchanging from the spout boundary. Moreover, the interaction intensity through the spout–annulus interface increases initially, and then diminishes along the axial direction. Besides, the spout diameter and the spout–annulus interaction intensity are enlarged by increasing the spouting velocity.
Modulation of Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetics, and Photosensitivity with the Delivery Vehicle of a Bacteriochlorin Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Saavedra Raquel , Rocha Luis B. , Dąbrowski Janusz M. , Arnaut Luis G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntravenous (i.v.) formulations with various amounts of organic solvents [PEG400, propylene glycol (PG), cremophor EL (CrEL)] were used to deliver a fluorinated sulfonamide bacteriochlorin to mice, rats, and minipigs. Biodistribution studies in mice showed that a low‐content CrEL formulation combines high bioavailability with high tumor‐to‐muscle and tumor‐to‐skin ratios. This formulation was also the most successful in the photodynamic therapy of mice with subcutaneously implanted CT26 murine colon adenocarcinoma tumors. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice and minipigs revealed that with the same low CrEL formulation, the half‐life of the photosensitizer in the central compartment was longer in minipigs. Differences in biodistribution with the various formulations, and in pharmacokinetics between the two animal species with the same formulation, are attributed to the interaction of the formulations with low‐density lipoproteins (LDLs). Skin photosensitivity studies in rats showed that 30 min exposure of the skin to a solar simulator 7 days after i.v. administration of the fluorinated sulfonamide bacteriochlorin at 1 mg kg−1 did not elicit significant skin reactions.
A New SiF–Dipropargyl Glycerol Scaffold as a Versatile Prosthetic Group to Design Dimeric Radioligands: Synthesis of the [18F]BMPPSiF Tracer to Image Serotonin Receptors
Authors: Hazari Puja Panwar , Schulz Jurgen , Vimont Delphine , Chadha Nidhi , Allard Michele , Szlosek‐Pinaud Magali , Fouquet Eric , Mishra Anil Kumar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA novel SiX–dipropargyl glycerol scaffold (X: H, F, or 18F) was developed as a versatile prosthetic group that provides technical advantages for the preparation of dimeric radioligands based on silicon fluoride acceptor pre‐ or post‐labeling with fluorine‐18. Rapid conjugation with the prosthetic group takes place in microwave‐assisted click conjugation under mild conditions. Thus, a bivalent homodimeric SiX–dipropargyl glycerol derivatized radioligand, [18F]BMPPSiF, with enhanced affinity was developed by using click conjugation. High uptake of the radioligand was demonstrated in 5‐HT1A receptor‐rich regions in the brain with positron emission tomography. Molecular docking studies (rigid protein–flexible ligand) of BMPPSiF and known antagonists (WAY‐100635, MPPF, and MefWAY) with monomeric, dimeric, and multimeric 5‐HT1A receptor models were performed, with the highest G score obtained for docked BMPPSiF: −6.766 as compared with all three antagonists on the monomeric model. Multimeric induced‐fit docking was also performed to visualize the comparable mode of binding under in vivo conditions, and a notably improved G score of −8.455 was observed for BMPPSiF. These data directly correlate the high binding potential of BMPPSiF with the bivalent binding mode obtained in the biological studies. The present study warrants wide application of the SiX–dipropargyl glycerol prosthetic group in the development of ligands for imaging with enhanced affinity markers for specific targeting based on peptides, nucleosides, and lipids.
PMaC's green queue: a framework for selecting energy optimal DVFS configurations in large scale MPI applications
Authors: Peraza Joshua , Tiwari Ananta , Laurenzano Michael , Carrington Laura , Snavely Allan 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis article presents Green Queue, a production quality tracing and analysis framework for implementing application aware dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for message passing interface applications in high performance computing. Green Queue makes use of both intertask and intratask DVFS techniques. The intertask technique targets applications where the workload is imbalanced by reducing CPU clock frequency and therefore power draw for ranks with lighter workloads. The intratask technique targets balanced workloads where all tasks are synchronously running the same code. The strategy identifies program phases and selects the energy‐optimal frequency for each by predicting power and measuring the performance responses of each phase to frequency changes. The success of these techniques is evaluated on 1024 cores on Gordon, a supercomputer at the San Diego Supercomputer Center built using Intel Xeon E5‐2670 (Sandybridge) processors. Green Queue achieves up to 21% and 32% energy savings for the intratask and intertask DVFS strategies, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient protocol for two‐party explicit authenticated key agreement
Authors: Zheng Minghui , Zhou Huihua , Chen Jing 
Published: December 2013

SummarySuccessful and efficient key management plays a critical role toward secured computing and communication systems. Many authenticated key agreement protocols have been proposed to meet the great challenges of information security. The two‐party key agreement protocol can be classified into two categories: implicit and explicit key authentications. This paper investigates the issue on authenticated two‐party key agreement protocol over an insecure public network and extends the existing implicit authenticated key agreement protocol into the explicit one by introducing the authenticators. The advantage of this explicit protocol is that it does not need any fixed public key infrastructure. Furthermore, this explicit protocol is provably secure in the random oracle under the Computation Gap Diffie‐Hellman assumption. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Strategy to Synthesize Hollow Micro/Nanospheres with Tunable Shell Thickness
Authors: Yang Gongzheng , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA simple one‐step direct templating method is developed to synthesize hollow carbon and sandwich‐like ZnO/C/ZnO micro/nanospheres. The type and shell thickness of the final products can be controlled by simply adjusting the reaction temperature. The removal of the templates can also be easily controlled during the synthesis. At a low temperature, the templates remain in the products to form hollow sandwich‐like micro/nanospheres. As the reaction temperature rises, the templates are consumed, which results in the preparation of hollow carbon micro/nanospheres. On the basis of a series of experiments, we propose a simple plausible mechanism to address the original strategy for synthesizing these hollow micro/nanospheres. Furthermore, the sandwich‐like ZnO/C/ZnO nanospheres can be used as the anode in lithium‐ion batteries, exhibiting an extraordinary cyclability and a high coulombic efficiency. This approach can be extended to the synthesis of other hollow spheres. Further investigation is underway in our group.
Regenerability of Hydrotalcite‐Derived Nickel–Iron Alloy Nanoparticles for Syngas Production from Biomass Tar
Authors: Li Dalin , Koike Mitsuru , Wang Lei , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Xu Ya , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNickel–iron/magnesium/aluminum bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the calcination and reduction of nickel–magnesium–iron–aluminum hydrotalcite‐like compounds. Characterization suggests that, at iron/nickel≤0.5, both nickel and iron species are homogeneously distributed in the hydrotalcite precursor and incorporated into the Mg(Ni, Fe, Al)O periclase after calcination, giving rise to uniform nickel–iron alloy nanoparticles after reduction. Ni–Fe/Mg/Al (Fe/Ni=0.25) exhibits the best catalytic performance for the steam reforming of tar derived from the pyrolysis of biomass. It is suggested that the uniform nickel–iron alloy nanoparticles and the synergy between nickel and iron are responsible for the high catalytic performance. Moreover, the Ni–Fe/Mg/Al catalyst exhibits much better regenerability toward oxidation–reduction treatment for the removal of deposited coke than that of conventional Ni–Fe/α‐Al2O3. This property can be attributed to the better regeneration of Ni–Fe alloy nanoparticles through the formation and reduction of Mg(Ni, Fe, Al)O.
Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymerizations: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Syntheses
Authors: del Monte Francisco , Carriazo Daniel , Serrano María C. , Gutiérrez María C. , Ferrer M. Luisa 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) that act as all‐in‐one solvent–template–reactant systems offers an interesting green alternative to conventional syntheses in materials science. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview to emphasize the similarities and discrepancies between DES‐assisted and conventional syntheses and rationalize certain green features that are common for the three DES‐assisted syntheses described herein: one case of radical polymerization and two cases of polycondensations. For instance, DESs contain the precursor itself and some additional components that either provide certain functionality (e.g., drug delivery and controlled release, or electrical conductivity) to the resulting materials or direct their formation with a particular structure (e.g., hierarchical‐type). Moreover, DESs provide a reaction medium, so polymerizations are ultimately carried out in a solventless fashion. This means that DES‐assisted syntheses match green chemistry principles 2 and 5 because of the economy of reagents and solvents, whereas the functionality incorporated by the second component allows the need for any post‐synthesis derivatization to be minimized or even fully avoided (principle 8). DESs also provide new precursors that favor more efficient polymerization (principle 6) by decreasing the energy input required for reaction progress. Finally, the use of mild reaction conditions in combination with the compositional versatility of DESs, which allows low‐toxic components to be selected, is also of interest from the viewpoint of green chemistry because it opens up the way to design biocompatible and/or eco‐friendly synthetic methods (principle 3).
Development of non‐native vowel discrimination: Improvement without exposure
Authors: Mazuka Reiko , Hasegawa Mihoko , Tsuji Sho 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study tested Japanese 4.5‐ and 10‐month old infants' ability to discriminate three German vowel pairs, none of which are contrastive in Japanese, using a visual habituation–dishabituation paradigm. Japanese adults' discrimination of the same pairs was also tested. The results revealed that Japanese 4.5‐month old infants discriminated the German /bu:k/‐/by:k/ contrast, but they showed no evidence of discriminating the /bi:k/‐/be:k/ or /bu:k/‐/bo:k/ contrasts. Japanese 10‐month old infants, on the other hand, discriminated the German /bi:k/‐/be:k/ contrast, while they showed no evidence of discriminating the /bu:k/‐/by:k/ or /bu:k/‐/bo:k/ contrasts. Japanese adults, in contrast, were highly accurate in their discrimination of all of the pairs. The results indicate that discrimination of non‐native contrasts is not always easy even for young infants, and that their ability to discriminate non‐native contrasts can improve with age even when they receive no exposure to a language in which the given contrast is phonemic. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 192–209, 2014.
ADAM8 expression in invasive breast cancer promotes tumor dissemination and metastasis
Authors: Romagnoli Mathilde , Mineva Nora D , Polmear Michael , Conrad Catharina , Srinivasan Srimathi , Loussouarn Delphine , Barillé‐Nion Sophie , Georgakoudi Irene , Dagg Áine , McDermott Enda W , Duffy Michael J , McGowan Patricia M. , Schlomann Uwe , Parsons Maddy , Bartsch Jörg W , Sonenshein Gail E 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe transmembrane metalloprotease‐disintegrin ADAM8 mediates cell adhesion and shedding of ligands, receptors and extracellular matrix components. Here, we report that ADAM8 is abundantly expressed in breast tumors and derived metastases compared to normal tissue, especially in triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Furthermore, high ADAM8 levels predicted poor patient outcome. Consistently, ADAM8 promoted an aggressive phenotype of TNBC cells in culture. In a mouse orthotopic model, tumors derived from TNBC cells with ADAM8 knockdown failed to grow beyond a palpable size and displayed poor vascularization. Circulating tumor cells and brain metastases were also significantly reduced. Mechanistically, ADAM8 stimulated both angiogenesis through release of VEGF‐A and transendothelial cell migration via β1‐integrin activation. In vivo, treatment with an anti‐ADAM8 antibody from the time of cell inoculation reduced primary tumor burden and metastases. Furthermore, antibody treatment of established tumors profoundly decreased metastases in a resection model. As a non‐essential protein under physiological conditions, ADAM8 represents a promising novel target for treatment of TNBCs, which currently lack targeted therapies and frequently progress with fatal dissemination.