bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratoconjunctivitis in a group of Icelandic horses with suspected γ‐herpesvirus involvement
Authors: Rushton J. O. , Kolodziejek J. , Nell B. , Weissenböck H. , Nowotny N. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe role of equid γ‐herpesviruses on ocular surface diseases has been disputed, because the diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms and detection of viralDNAfrom samples obtained from live animals.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical course, results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis,in situhybridisation, cell culture and pathohistological findings of select cases in a presumed outbreak of herpesvirus infection in a group of 15 Icelandic horses.Study designCase series.MethodsPooled ocular and nasal swabs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of horses diagnosed clinically with herpesvirus‐associated keratoconjunctivitis were analysed for presence of equine herpesviruses (EHV)‐2 andEHV‐5 nucleic acid using real‐timePCR. Necropsy specimens from one horse, subjected to euthanasia due to deterioration of clinical symptoms were examined histopathologically, and analysed for presence ofEHV‐2 andEHV‐5 nucleic acid using real‐timePCR.In situhybridisation and cell culture of select samples were performed.ResultsAll horses with symptoms of severe keratoconjunctivitis were positive for presence of eitherEHV‐2 and/orEHV‐5 nucleic acid using real‐timePCR. Assessment of necropsy specimens of the most severely affected case, revealed presence ofEHV‐2 and/orEHV‐5 nucleic acid in several ocular and extraocular anatomical locations. The remaining horses responded favourably to symptomatic treatment.ConclusionsThis case series illustrates a severe outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis in a group of Icelandic horses, with suspected γ‐herpesvirus involvement. For the first time equid γ‐herpesviruses were detected in intraocular anatomical locations.
Perspectives on the context‐dependency of stream community responses to contaminants
Authors: Clements William H. , Kashian Donna R. , Kiffney Peter M. , Zuellig Robert E. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Natural variation in the structure and function of aquatic communities along environmental or spatiotemporal gradients can influence how systems respond to biotic and abiotic disturbances. Although these context‐dependent responses are a well‐established element of basic ecology, they have received little attention from an ecotoxicological perspective.

As the scope of freshwater bioassessment expands from single catchments to broad‐scale, regional surveys, it has become apparent that community responses to contaminants can vary significantly among locations. This variability is generally considered a nuisance and an impediment to recognising ecological patterns; however, natural spatiotemporal variation in communities also provides opportunities to test hypotheses about context‐dependent responses to contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.

This study presents three examples of context‐dependent responses of benthic stream communities to contaminants. We show how longitudinal variation in community composition, the development of tolerance to contaminants and exposure to multiple stressors influence the historical context of a community and hence may determine community responses to contaminants.

Aquatic ecotoxicologists have made significant progress identifying abiotic factors that influence contaminant bioavailability and toxicity. A similar effort could be undertaken to identify specific ecological factors (e.g. community composition, natural disturbance regimes and life‐history characteristics) that contribute to variation in susceptibility of communities to contaminants. Understanding the nature of context‐dependent responses and the mechanisms responsible for variation among communities should be a key element of ecological risk assessment and a research priority in ecotoxicology.
Predators reduce Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection loads in their prey
Authors: Groner Maya L. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Disease ecologists and wildlife managers are increasingly interested in understanding how predators regulate infection in prey populations. The healthy herds hypothesis suggests that predators may decrease infection prevalence by decreasing overall population size, reducing density‐dependent transmission and culling infected individuals from a population. While this model incorporates density‐mediated indirect interactions (DMIIs), it does not incorporate the potential role of trait‐mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs).

Using wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvatica), we examined whether predator cues could alter the prevalence and intensity of infection by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd] and whether both stressors could alter the host's life history traits.

Exposure to predator cues caused tadpoles to have reduced Bd infection loads, potentially as a result of stress‐induced immunoenhancement. Tadpoles exposed to Bd had faster development than tadpoles not exposed to Bd, but they did not differ in survival or growth.

This suggests that, in this life stage of this species, Bd infection does not have fitness costs. These data suggest that the trait‐mediated effects of predators on infection may alter epidemiological outcomes of Bd exposure.
Turbidity alters pre‐mating social interactions between native and invasive stream fishes
Authors: Glotzbecker Gregory J. , Ward Jessica L. , Walters David M. , Blum Michael J. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Environmental degradation can result in the loss of aquatic biodiversity if impairment promotes hybridisation between non‐native and native species. Although aquatic biological invasions involving hybridisation have been attributed to elevated water turbidity, the extent to which impaired clarity influences reproductive isolation among non‐native and native species is poorly understood.

We examined whether turbidity influences intraspecific and interspecific pre‐mating social interactions between invasive red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) from the Upper Coosa River Basin (U.S.A.).

We found that the number or duration of conspecific and heterospecific interactions increased under turbid conditions. Additionally, we found evidence indicating that native blacktail shiner females are especially likely to interact with invasive red shiner males due to species‐ and sex‐specific responses to turbid conditions.

These findings suggest that elevated turbidity can increase pre‐mating social interactions between native and invasive species, which could result in greater hybridisation and promote the genetic assimilation of native species following species introductions. Thus, integrating knowledge of species behaviour into conservation and management planning can help deter the establishment and spread of invasive species.
Can chilling tolerance of C4photosynthesis inMiscanthusbe transferred to sugarcane?
Authors: Głowacka Katarzyna , Ahmed Aasifuddin , Sharma Shailendra , Abbott Tom , Comstock Jack C. , Long Stephen P. , Sacks Erik J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate whether chilling tolerance of C4photosynthesis inMiscanthuscan be transferred to sugarcane by hybridization. Net leafCO2uptake (Asat) and the maximum operating efficiency of photosystemII(ФPSII) were measured in warm conditions (25 °C/20 °C), and then during and following a chilling treatment of 10 °C/5 °C for 11 day in controlled environment chambers. Two of three hybrids (miscanes), ‘US84‐1058’ and ‘US87‐1019’, did not differ significantly from the chilling tolerantM. ×giganteus‘Illinois’ (Mxg), forAsat, andΦPSIImeasured during chilling. For Mxg grown at 10 °C/5 °C for 11 days,Asatwas 4.4 μmol m−2s−1, while for miscane ‘US84‐1058’ and ‘US87‐1019’,Asatwas 5.7 and 3.5 μmol m−2s−1, respectively. Miscanes ‘US84‐1058’ and ‘US87‐1019’ and Mxg had significantly higher rates ofAsatduring chilling than three tested sugarcanes. A third miscane showed lower rates than Mxg during chilling, but recovered to higher rates than sugarcane upon return to warm conditions. Chilling tolerance of ‘US84‐1058’ was further confirmed under autumn field conditions in southern Illinois. The selected chilling tolerant miscanes have particular value for biomass feedstock and biofuel production and at the same time they can be a starting point for extending sugarcane's range to colder climates.
Synthesis of 24‐h soluble gelatin sponge particles and their effect on liver necrosis following hepatic artery embolization: Results of in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Sanda Hiroki , Kawai Nobuyuki , Sato Morio , Tanaka Fumihiro , Ikoma Akira , Nakai Motoki , Minamiguchi Hiroki , Sonomura Tetsuo , Matsuzaki Ibu , Warigaya Kenji , Murata Shinichi 
Published: June 2015

AimTo synthesize 24‐h soluble gelatin sponge particles (SGSP) of 200–500 and 500–1000 µm, and to investigate their ischemic potency following hepatic artery embolization (HAE).MethodsLow‐endotoxin gelatin was freeze‐dried and heated at 110, 115, 118, 120, 122 and 125°C to form cross‐linked gelatin sponge. We prepared 200–500‐ and 500–1000‐µm SGSP by pulverizing and sieving the gelatin sponge. The dissolution times in saline were measured. Eight healthy pigs underwent HAE of the right and left hepatic arteries with either 200–500‐ or 500–1000‐µm SGSP (n = 4/group).ResultsThe particles prepared at 110–122°C were soluble whereas particles prepared at 125°C or more were insoluble. The mean dissolution time of the particles increased with increasing temperature. In each pig, sequential arteriography confirmed that recanalization was complete 24 h after embolization. Pathological tests 48 h after HAE revealed coagulation necrosis but least damage to the biliary tract. The liver necrosis rate (mean ± standard deviation) was significantly greater in the 200–500‐µm group than in the 500–1000‐µm group (9.89 ± 4.04% vs 4.44 ± 0.67%, respectively; P = 0.0027). A significantly greater proportion of arteries with a diameter of 100–200 µm had residual SGSP in the 200–500‐µm group than in the 500–1000‐µm group (P < 0.002).ConclusionHAE with 200–500‐µm SGSP had greater effects on promoting liver necrosis without biliary damage than did HAE with 500–1000‐µm SGSP.
Why do not you read the label? – an integrated framework of consumer label information search
Authors: Dörnyei Krisztina R. , Gyulavári Tamás 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article facilitates deeper insight into label‐related consumer information acquisition behaviour. An integrated framework of label information search (LIS) has been developed based on a synthesis of related literature and explorative research conducted by analysing online discussions among customers (netnography). The framework focuses on three main groups of personal factors that serve as antecedents of LIS: general personal factors (e.g. health consciousness and socio‐demographics), label‐related personal factors (e.g. label‐related self‐efficacy, trust in labels and the perceived usefulness of labels) and product category‐related personal factors (trust in food products, enduring involvement, experience and perceived quality differences). Important characteristics of the framework are its process‐oriented nature and the dynamically changing relationships among its concepts. LIS is an antecedent to and a consequence of influencing factors. This article offers managerial implications and serves to incite future inquiry in this field.
Students' usability evaluation of a Web‐based tutorial program for college biology problem solving
Authors: Kim H.S. , Prevost L. , Lemons P.P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe understanding of core concepts and processes of science in solving problems is important to successful learning in biology. We have designed and developed a Web‐based, self‐directed tutorial program, SOLVEIT, that provides various scaffolds (e.g., prompts, expert models, visual guidance) to help college students enhance their skills and abilities in solving problems in science. An initial version of SOLVEIT was used in this study. This paper details the features of SOLVEIT that are contextualized within the biological domains of evolution and ecology. A qualitative case study was conducted to evaluate the usability of the program. Selected students were recruited from an introductory biology course at a large public university in the south‐eastern United States. Data for this study were collected through the SOLVEIT database and semi‐structured interviews. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of the program for improving students' problem solving in biology. Suggestions for the use of SOLVEIT and its further improvement and development are discussed, along with suggestions for future research. This study also provides more general guidance for researchers and practitioners who are interested in the design, development and evaluation of Web‐based tutorial programs in science education.
Family Drug Court, Targeted Parent Training and Family Reunification: Did this Enhanced Service Strategy Make A Difference?
Authors: Brook Jody , Akin Becci A. , Lloyd Margaret H. , Yan Yueqi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article reports findings from an evaluation of reunification outcomes for children and families who participated in a family drug court (FDC) that incorporated the use of two innovative evidence‐based parenting programs. In addition to comprehensive FDC services, families participated in the Strengthening Families Program and Celebrating Families!TM programs in a sequential format. Data analyses were conducted on a sample of 214 children whose child welfare cases were adjudicated through the FDC and 418 matched comparison cases. Entry‐cohort survival analysis results indicated that families receiving FDC services were more than twice as likely to reunify in a 45 month observation window.
ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE: RECENT EMPIRICAL LITERATURE AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Authors: Abedifar Pejman , Ebrahim Shahid M. , Molyneux Philip , Tarazi Amine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the recent empirical literature in Islamic banking and finance, highlights the main findings and provides a guide for future research. Early studies focus on the efficiency, production technology and general performance features of Islamic versus conventional banks, whereas more recent work looks at profit‐sharing and loss‐bearing behaviour, competition, risks as well as other dimensions such as small business lending and financial inclusion. Apart from key exceptions, the empirical literature suggests no major differences between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of their efficiency, competition and risk features (although small Islamic banks are found to be less risky than their conventional counterparts). There is some evidence that Islamic finance aids inclusion and financial sector development. Results from the empirical finance literature, dominated by studies that focus on the risk/return features of mutual funds, finds that Islamic funds perform as well, if not better, than conventional funds – there is little evidence that they perform worse than standard industry benchmarks.
Implant Impression Techniques for the Edentulous Jaw: A Summary of Three Studies
Authors: Stimmelmayr Michael , Beuer Florian , Edelhoff Daniel , Güth Jan‐Frederik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposePrecise implant‐supported restorations require accurate impressions. Transfer, pick‐up, and splinted pick‐up are commonly used techniques. Several in vitro studies have compared these impression techniques; however, all studies used mechanical evaluation methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the discrepancies of these impression techniques digitally in vitro and in vivo.Materials and MethodsFour dental implants were inserted in ten polymer mandibular models bilaterally in the regions of the first molars and canines. Three different impressions were made of each model and the models (original and stone casts) were scanned and digitized. Clinically, four implants were inserted in ten edentulous jaws; transfer and splinted pick‐up impressions were made. With inspection software, discrepancies between the different impressions were calculated.ResultsThe mean discrepancies in the in vitro study of the original polymer model to stone casts were 124 ± 34 μm for the transfer type, 116 ± 46 μm for the pick‐up type, and 80 ± 25 μm for the splinted pick‐up type, resulting in a mean discrepancy between the transfer and splinted pick‐up type of 44 μm (124 – 80 μm). Clinically, the mean discrepancy between these two impression techniques was 280 μm.ConclusionsThe differing results between the transfer and splinted pick‐up techniques of in vitro and in vivo data showed the need for clinical data; however, splinted pick‐up impressions seemed to produce the most precise results.
Do School Resources Influence the Relationship Between Adolescent Financial Background and Their School Perceptions?
Authors: Summersett‐Ringgold Faith C. , Li Kaigang , Haynie Denise L. , Iannotti Ronald J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSocioeconomic status (SES) influences students' school perceptions and affects their performance, engagement, and personal beliefs. This study examined the effects of school populationSESand school resources on the association between studentSESand student perceptions.METHODSSchool liking, classmate social relationships, family affluence, and experience of hunger were assessed in a nationally representative sample of 12,642 students (grades 5‐10) in the 2009‐2010 Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children study. School characteristics included school meal program, Title 1 dollars received per student, school resources, and urban/rural status. Multilevel analysis was used.RESULTSAt the individual level, both school liking and social relationships were negatively associated with student grade level. Boys liked school less and had more positive perceptions of social relationships than girls. Students in rural schools and who experienced hunger liked schools less and had poorer perceptions of social relationships than their respective counterparts. School‐level percentage of students eligible for free/reduced meals accounted for 33% of the between‐school variance in social relationships.CONCLUSIONSFamily and school economic characteristics and grade level influenced students' school perceptions. The associations between studentSES, school populationSES, and school perceptions suggests that school health professionals should recognize and address student economic issues at school.
Middle School‐Aged Child Enjoyment of Food Tastings Predicted Interest in Nutrition Education on Osteoporosis Prevention
Authors: Cheng Feon W. , Monnat Shannon M. , Lohse Barbara 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDNEEDs for Bones (NFB), based on the Health Belief Model, is a 4‐lesson osteoporosis‐prevention curriculum for 11‐ to 14‐year‐olds. This study examined the relationship between enjoyment of food tastings and interest in NFB.METHODSNFB was administered by teachers as part of standard practice and evaluated after the fourth lesson using a 21‐item survey. Significant clustering of students within classrooms required use of random‐intercept multilevel ordinal regression models in SAS proc GLIMMIX, with students nested within classrooms. Analyses considered tasting experience, eating attitudes, sex, grade, and cohort.RESULTSStudents (N = 1619; 50% girls) participated from 85 fourth to eighth grade classrooms (47% sixth grade and 31% seventh grade) in 16 Pennsylvania SNAP‐Ed eligible schools over 2 academic years. For all foods tasted, students who did not enjoy the food tasting were less interested in the lesson than students who did enjoy the food tasting (all p < .001); refried beans (odds ratio [OR] = 0.30), soy milk (OR = 0.55), cranapple juice (OR = 0.51), sunflower kernels (OR = 0.48), and Swiss cheese (OR = 0.49). The relationship persisted net of covariates.CONCLUSIONSEnjoyment of food tasting activities can predict interest in nutrition education on osteoporosis prevention, supporting resource allocation and inclusion of food tasting activities in school‐age nutrition education.
Victimization Among Peruvian Adolescents: Insights into Mental/Emotional Health From the Young Lives Study
Authors: Lister Cameron E. , Merrill Ray M. , Vance David L. , West Joshua H. , Hall Parley C. , Crookston Benjamin T. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBullying is a global problem among children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore bully victimization in Peru and to identify potential adverse mental health and social outcomes resulting from bully victimization.METHODSThis study analyzed data from an ongoing prospective cohort of children taking part in the Young Lives study. This study assessed bullying consequences on mental and emotional health in the 3 rounds of data collected among Peruvian adolescents at ages 8, 12, and 15.RESULTSBullying by peers was negatively related with age. A factor analysis showed that boys were significantly less likely than girls to suffer emotional and relational problems due to victimization. Additionally, bullying in rounds 2 and 3 of the cohort were significantly correlated with adverse emotional and mental health outcomes in round 3. Lastly, emotional status was positively associated with violent incidences in the schools and at home.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows significant problems with emotional and mental stress as early outcomes associated with victimization in Peru. The findings have implications for treating adolescent health issues like peer victimization. Steps should be taken to address bullying and mental/emotional health in Peru in order to combat subsequent mental health problems.
Association Between School Policies and Built Environment, and Youth's Participation in Various Types of Physical Activities
Authors: Ward Stephanie , Bélanger Mathieu , Donovan Denise , Caissie Isabelle , Goguen Julie , Vanasse Allain 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool environmental characteristics may be associated with youth's participation in different types of physical activities (PAs). This study aimed to identify which school policies and built environmental characteristics were associated with participation in organized, nonorganized, individual, and group‐based activities.METHODSThis cross‐sectional analysis included 776 students in grade 5 or 6 from 16 schools. The school environment was assessed through school‐based questionnaires completed by school representatives. Types of PA and attainment of PA recommendations were obtained using self‐administered student questionnaires. Associations between environment and student PA were examined using multilevel logistic regressions.RESULTSSchools with favorable active commuting environments were positively associated with girls' participation in organized (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.74) and group‐based PA (OR = 1.54, CI = 1.19–1.99) and with boys' odds of participating in individual activities (OR = 1.45, CI = 1.04–2.04). There was also a positive relationship between having a school environment favorable to active commuting and boys' odds of meeting PA recommendations (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.43–3.37). School policies supporting PA were positively associated with girls' odds of participating in nonorganized activities (OR = 1.18, CI = 1.00–1.40).CONCLUSIONSSchool environments that favor active commuting may encourage participation in different types of PA. School policies promoting PA also may encourage girls to participate in organized activities.