bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirt6 depletion causes spindle defects and chromosome misalignment during meiosis of mouse oocyte
Authors: Han Longsen , Ge Juan , Zhang Liang , Ma Rujun , Hou Xiaojing , Li Bin , Moley Kelle , Wang Qiang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSirt6, a member of the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent protein deacetylases, has been implicated in multiple biological processes. However, the roles of Sirt6 in meiosis have not been addressed. In the present study, by employing knockdown analysis in mouse oocytes, we evaluated the effects of Sirt6 on meiotic apparatus. We found that specific depletion of Sirt6 results in disruption of spindle morphology and chromosome alignment in oocytes. Consistent with this observation, incidence of aneuploidy is also markedly increased in Sirt6-depleted oocytes. Furthermore, confocal scanning showed that kinetochore-microtubule interaction, an important mechanism controlling chromosome segregation, is severely impaired in metaphase oocytes following Sirt6 knockdown. Unexpectedly, we discovered that Sirt6 modulates the acetylation status of histone H4K16 as their knockdown specifically induces the hyperacetylation of H4K16 in oocytes, which may be associated with the defective phenotypes described above via altering kinetochore function. Altogether, our data reveal a novel function of Sirt6 during oocyte meiosis and indicate a pathway regulating meiotic apparatus.
Photoacoustic “nanobombs” fight against undesirable vesicular compartmentalization of anticancer drugs
Authors: Chen Aiping , Xu Chun , Li Min , Zhang Hailin , Wang Diancheng , Xia Mao , Meng Gang , Kang Bin , Chen Hongyuan , Wei Jiwu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUndesirable intracellular vesicular compartmentalization of anticancer drugs in cancer cells is a common cause of chemoresistance. Strategies aimed at circumventing this problem may improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. We report a novel photophysical strategy for controlled-disruption of vesicular sequestration of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), modified with folate, were trapped in acidic vesicles after entering lung cancer cells. Upon irradiation by near-infrared pulsed laser, these vesicles were massively broken by the resulting photoacoustic shockwave and the vesicle-sequestered contents were released, leading to redistribution of DOX from cytoplasm to the target-containing nucleus. Redistribution resulted in 12-fold decrease of the EC50 of DOX in lung cancer cells and enhanced antitumor efficacy of low-dose DOX in tumor-bearing mice. Side effects were not observed. These findings provide insights of using nanotechnology to improve cancer chemotherapy, i.e. not only for drug delivery, but also for overcoming intracellular drug-transport hurdles.
High-speed spelling with a noninvasive brain–computer interface
Authors: Chen Xiaogang , Wang Yijun , Nakanishi Masaki , Gao Xiaorong , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Gao Shangkai 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology provides a new communication channel. However, current applications have been severely limited by low communication speed. This study reports a noninvasive brain speller that achieved a multifold increase in information transfer rate compared with other existing systems. Based on extremely precise coding of frequency and phase in single-trial steady-state visual evoked potentials, this study developed a new joint frequency-phase modulation method and a user-specific decoding algorithm to implement synchronous modulation and demodulation of electroencephalograms. The resulting speller obtained high spelling rates up to 60 characters (∼12 words) per minute. The proposed methodological framework of high-speed BCI can lead to numerous applications in both patients with motor disabilities and healthy people.
Responses of New World flying squirrels to the acute stress of capture and handling
Authors: Desantis Lanna M. , Bowman Jeff , Lahoda Candace V. , Boonstra Rudy , Burness Gary 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNorthern ( Glaucomys sabrinus ) and southern ( G. volans ) flying squirrels have glucocorticoid (GC; stress hormone) levels higher than most vertebrates but virtually no binding capacity for these GCs via the carrier protein, corticosteroid-binding globulin. Thus, their total GCs are essentially all free and biologically active. However, the GC estimates come from blood samples taken after squirrels had been in live traps, and thus in a stress-induced state. Obtaining baseline values for physiological variables is valuable for assessing the response of vertebrates to stressors in their environment. We compared baseline plasma total cortisol levels (within 3min of capture) to stress-induced levels (after 30min of trap restraint) in both flying squirrel species. We recorded baseline cortisol levels that were some of the highest ever reported for mammals, indicating their stress axes operate at a higher set point than most other species. As part of the stress response, we also measured 4 indices in addition to cortisol. Total cortisol and free fatty acids increased in both species, as predicted. In contrast with our predictions, blood glucose and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio showed no overall change, and hematocrit decreased significantly. New World flying squirrels therefore appear to have a stress response that differs from many other mammals. The selective forces driving the physiology of these animals remain elusive, but this lineage may provide an interesting comparative system for the study of stress axis function and its evolution among vertebrates.
Ben Jonson’s Plays 1604–1614
Authors: Martin Mathew R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The accession of James I marks the beginning of a change in Jonson’s poetics. In his Jacobean plays, Jonson’s increased insistence upon the application of neoclassical laws is countered by the increasing unruliness of nature. Art, Jonson claims, should imitate and perfect nature, yet in both his major comedies and Sejanus and Catiline art’s primary purpose appears to be to destroy nature or reduce it to a ‘standing reserve’ ready for consumption. Conversely, in these plays nature emerges as an ontologically unstable category. Deformed, diseased, and virulent, nature disrupts art’s attempts to imitate and perfect it. Nature becomes a lack transformed by the artifices of human desire into a simulacrum of itself behind which it ultimately vanishes.
Latin
Authors: Harrison Stephen J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter looks at Latin literature in the Roman Empire, focusing on its role in expressing Roman domination of the Mediterranean world—its competition with the Greek literature it both admired and sort to displace, its technical texts (e.g. Pliny’s Natural History and the texts of Roman law) which expressed practical mastery, its reinforcement of imperial ideology in the presentation of the princeps, especially in the contexts of the initial dedications of various works and of formal imperial panegyric, its presentation of non-Roman races in historiography and ethnography, its expression of political hegemony through the key texts of the epic genre, and its final move though a particular focus on the figure of the emperor into another world-dominating discourse—that of Christianity.
Social Relations and Constructions of Social Identity among Roman Non-Elites
Authors: Toner Jerry 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article discusses the social relations of the Roman non-elite in two overlapping areas: the modes of behaviour that governed their communication and relations with each other; and the communal contexts in which such interaction often took place. The nature of the surviving evidence makes these tasks problematic and accounts for why they have been largely neglected by scholars to date. The article tries to reconstruct how the non-elite interacted by looking at two particular Pompeian sources: graffiti and some of the surviving examples of tavern art. The discussion concerns mainly male social relations but also looks at what the even smaller body of evidence reveals about female relations. The article describes the different modes of popular interaction, ranging from friendly support to competitive mockery. It examines the important part that skill, knowledge, wit, and sociability played in non-elite culture.
National Defence and Political Independence
Authors: Mapel David R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Virtually everyone agrees that standard principles of interpersonal morality justify national defence against major aggressors aiming at genocide or enslavement. Do such principles also justify defensive war against ‘lesser’ or ‘purely political’ aggressors aiming solely at a state’s political independence and/or territory integrity? Although ‘reductivists’ maintain that national defence in such cases generally is justified by interpersonal morality, ‘exceptionalists’ argue that special principles for states are required to justify this sort of defensive war. This chapter examines several issues: What difference does it make if a lesser aggressor issues a conditional threat to use proportionate violence only if its demands are violently resisted? When would waging a war of national defence against lesser aggression satisfy the proportionality requirement? Do all or only some kinds of states have moral rights of national defence? How might principles of interpersonal and interstate morality be combined in a unified approach to justifying national defence?
Dimensions of Intentions
Authors: Tadros Victor 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This chapter partially defends the significance of intentions to permissibility against critics and explores some different views about their relevance by exploring a range of contexts in just war theory where views about the significance of intentions make a difference in our judgments about the permissibility of military action. It clarifies two components of the doctrine of double effect (DDE) and distinguishes different versions of it. It then compares the DDE with some competing explanations of the intuitive difference between terror bombing and tactical bombing, arguing that the DDE is an important component of the right overall view of the permissibility of killing in war.
Territorial Rights and National Defence
Authors: Stilz Anna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Both just war theory and international law recognize the defence of one’s own state and its territory as the core example of just cause for war. Yet just war theorists have done little to explore what might give the state a territorial right of this kind. This chapter argues that a state has a right to territorial integrity when it meets three conditions: (1) its citizens have a right to occupy its territory, (2) its scheme of law is minimally just, and (3) the relationship of political cooperation that supports its institutions is reasonably and widely affirmed. This chapter then considers whether a state that satisfies these conditions may defend its territorial integrity with lethal force. This account does not support the common-sense conviction that defending one’s state against aggression is always morally permitted or even required. But it can establish a defensive privilege in a central range of cases.
Prevalence and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Gosmanova Elvira O. , Zaidi Sahar , Wan Jim Y. , Adams-Graves Patricia E. 
Published: October 2015

Aim We evaluated the prevalence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during the 5-year period in a cohort of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) aged 18 years and older. Methods We studied 98 patients with SCD. Chronic kidney disease stages I through V were defined based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albuminuria grades were defined based on spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio according to the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes recommendations. In patients with eGFR of greater than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, CKD was diagnosed if grade A2 or A3 albuminuria was present. Chronic kidney disease progression was defined as an increase in CKD stage with an additional eGFR reduction of more than 25% from baseline. Results At baseline, 28.6% of patients had CKD. After a mean follow-up of 5.0 (SD, 0.9) years, 17 patients developed new CKD and the overall CKD prevalence increased to 41.8%. In addition, 8 patients experienced CKD progression. The following baseline variables were associated with the development and progression of CKD in univariate analysis: older age ( P = 0.003), higher systolic blood pressure (BP; P = 0.003), lower eGFR ( P = 0.001), higher serum creatinine ( P = 0.001), and A3 albuminuria ( P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, baseline A3 albuminuria (adjusted odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-24.3; P = 0.048) and each 1-mm Hg increase in systolic BP (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.07; P = 0.039) predicted CKD development and progression. Conclusions Chronic kidney disease is common in patients with SCD and its prevalence increases with age. Several baseline modifiable and nonmodifiable factors were associated with the development and progression of CKD in patients with SCD. Strategies targeting BP control and proteinuria may be beneficial for individuals with SCD.
Autoantibodies to C-Reactive Protein in Incomplete Lupus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Jung Ju-Yang , Koh Bo-Ram , Kim Hyoun-Ah , Jeon Ja-Young , Suh Chang-Hee 
Published: October 2015

Objective Anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the potential of the anti-CRP antibody as a marker for disease activity in SLE patients and as a predictor of progression to SLE in patients with incomplete lupus. Methods Immunoglobulin G anti-CRP antibody levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Patients with incomplete lupus exhibited clinical and immunologic characteristics different from those in SLE patients: no serositis and alopecia, more common oral ulcers and arthritis, lower disease activity index, lower positivity for antinuclear and anti–double-strand DNA antibodies, and higher complement levels. Anti-CRP antibody levels were higher in SLE patients (35.6 [35.1] AU) than in patients with incomplete lupus (23.1 [25.8] AU, P = 0.016) and normal controls (21.0 [14.3] AU, P < 0.001). Anti-CRP antibody was significantly higher in SLE patients with arthritis and correlated with disease activity markers, including antichromatin antibody. However, no difference in anti-CRP antibody levels was observed between patients with incomplete lupus that progressed to SLE and those whose did not. Conclusion These data suggest that anti-CRP antibodies can neither be used as biomarkers in SLE nor predict SLE progression in patients with incomplete lupus.
The Effect of Eating Speed at Breakfast on Appetite Hormone Responses and Daily Food Consumption
Authors: Shah Meena , Crisp Kelli , Adams-Huet Beverley , Dart Lyn , Bouza Brooke , Franklin Brian , Phillips Melody 
Published: October 2015

Background The effect of eating speed at a meal on appetite gut hormone responses and future food consumption is not clear. This study examined the effect of eating speed at breakfast on postprandial gut hormone responses, subjective appetite, and daily food consumption. Methods Twenty-five participants [68% men; age, 25.9 (8.1) years; body mass index, 25.0 (3.2) kg/m2] were recruited. Each participant consumed the same breakfast at a slow (30 minutes) and fast (10 minutes) speed, on 2 separate days, in a randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and 3 hours postprandially during each eating condition. Appetite was assessed over the same period using visual analog scales. Blood concentrations of orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, and anorexigenic hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), were determined. Daily food intake was measured, by food recall, after the slow and fast breakfast. Results Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis showed no eating condition or eating condition by time interaction effect on ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, hunger, or fullness. Significant eating speed by time interaction effect on desire to eat was found ( P = 0.007). Desire to eat was lower at 60 minutes ( P = 0.007) after breakfast began during the slow versus fast eating condition. Eating speed at breakfast did not affect daily energy and macronutrient intake. Conclusions Eating speed at breakfast did not affect postprandial ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, hunger, and fullness values or daily energy and macronutrient intake. Desire to eat was lower at 60 minutes in the slow versus fast eating condition, but this result could not be explained by the changes in meal-related hormones measured in the study.
Association of CCL13 Levels in Serum and Synovial Fluid with the Radiographic Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gao Feng , Tian Jun , Pan Haile , Gao Jun , Yao Meng 
Published: October 2015

Objective CCL13, a recently identified CC chemokine, plays an important role in the process of joint destruction, which is considered a common cause for osteoarthritis (OA). This study aims to examine the relation of CCL13 levels in serum and synovial fluid (SF) with the radiographic severity of OA. Methods CCL13 levels in serum and SF were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 240 patients with knee OA and 134 control subjects. The progression of OA was classified using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) system by evaluating x-ray changes observed in anteroposterior knee radiography. Results Knee OA patients had higher levels of serum CCL13 compared with control subjects. Knee OA patients with KL grade 4 showed significantly elevated CCL13 levels in serum and SF compared with those with KL grades 2 and 3. Knee OA patients with KL grade 3 had significantly higher SF levels of CCL13 compared with those with KL grade 2. CCL13 levels in serum and SF of knee OA patients were significantly correlated with disease severity evaluated by KL grading criteria. Conclusions CCL13 levels in serum and SF were correlated with the radiographic severity of OA. CCL13 levels in serum and SF may serve as a biomarker for the progression of OA.
Association of Human Fetuin-A rs4917 Polymorphism with Obesity in 2 Cohorts
Authors: Temesszentandrási György , Vörös Krisztián , Böröcz Zoltán , Kaszás Edit , Prohászka Zoltán , Falus András , Cseh Károly , Kalabay László 
Published: October 2015

Background Previous studies have shown association of the multifunctional hepatic protein α2HS-glycoprotein/human fetuin A with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Reports of contribution of α2HS-glycoprotein/human fetuin A rs4917 single-nucleotide polymorphism to the development of these pathologic processes are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between variants of rs4917 and parameters of obesity, lipid status, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), adipokines (adiponectin, resistin), and insulin resistance in 2 cohorts. Methods Eighty-one healthy persons (cohort 1) and 157 patients with previous myocardial infarction (cohort 2) were included in this cross-sectional study. rs4917 Polymorphism was determined by the allele-specific KASP by design genotyping assays. Results In cohort 1, T-nucleotide carriers had lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with non-T carriers. The serum concentration of TNF-α was found to be higher carrying the non-T allele in cohort 1; however, this difference was not observed in cohort 2. In cohort 2, T carriers had lower body mass index and abdominal and waist circumferences than did non-T carriers. The T nucleotide was more frequent in nonobese than in obese patients (χ2 = 5.217, P = 0.022). Nonobese, nondiabetic T carriers still had lower body mass index and waist circumference than did non-T carriers. Conclusions Our data suggest that the T nucleotide in rs4917 is associated with more favorable lipid status among healthy persons (i.e., lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and anthropologic parameters of obesity in cohort 2. The protective role of the T allele may also be associated with lower TNF-α levels found in healthy individuals.
Ivabradine on Aortic Stiffness in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Nar Gokay , Inci Sinan , Aksan Gokhan , Demirelli Selami , Soylu Korhan , Yuksel Serkan , Gulel Okan , Icli Atilla 
Published: October 2015

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ivabradine treatment on aortic stiffness by measuring aortic elastic parameters in patients with heart failure (HF) receiving ivabradine treatment. Materials and Methods The study included clinical patients who were diagnosed with HF (ejection fraction, <35%), had sinus rhythm and persistent symptoms despite full medical treatment. The study group consisted of patients with a heart rate greater than 70 beats per minute and the control group consisted of patients with a heart rate less than 70 beats per minute. Echocardiographic measurements were conducted and aortic strain, aortic distensibility, and aortic stiffness index were calculated. Results By the end of the twelfth month, a decrease was observed in the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, whereas ejection fraction was increased ( P < 0.001). When aortic elastic parameters were evaluated between the 2 groups, there was no significant difference regarding aortic strain, aortic distensibility, and aortic stiffness index at the time of enrollment and during the visit at 3 months. At the twelfth month visit, aortic strain ( P < 0.001) and distensibility ( P < 0.001) were significantly increased, whereas there was a significant decrease in the aortic stiffness index ( P < 0.001). Conclusions During the follow-up at 12 months, significant improvements were observed in the left ventricular functions and aortic elastic parameters along with decreased heart rate in patients with HF receiving ivabradine treatment. This outcome may indicate that ivabradine treatment may correct aortic stiffness and may reduce aortic stiffness after 1 year of follow-up.