bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blurred Vision, Perilous Future: Management Fraud at Olympus
Authors: Dutta Saurav K. , Caplan Dennis H. , Marcinko David J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
In 2011, Japan was shocked by the revelation of a fraud at one of its most prominent companies, Olympus. What was more shocking was that the fraud was perpetrated by its Chairman of the Board and past president, Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, in collusion with several other Board members and officers. The whistleblower was Michael Woodford, a British citizen and the Company's first non-Japanese president and CEO. Woodford had held the post of president for just six months before he was precipitously fired at a Board of Director's meeting on October 14, 2011.
The case has been successfully used in both undergraduate and graduate courses that include intermediate financial accounting, advanced accounting, auditing, and forensic accounting. It demonstrates how poor governance structures allowed company executives and directors to circumvent accounting rules and hide investment losses for over two decades. The accounting topics include (1) methods of accounting for investments in financial instruments, (2) recognition and measurement of goodwill at the time of acquisition, and (3) consolidation accounting. The case requires students to link economic events to business decisions, and understand the financial reporting ramifications of those decisions. The case also requires students to critically analyze corporate governance mechanisms, and to consider the external auditor's responsibility for detecting and communicating financial statement fraud.
Pain Sensitivity Subgroups in Individuals With Spine Pain: Potential Relevance to Short-Term Clinical Outcome
Authors: Coronado Rogelio A. , Bialosky Joel E. , Robinson Michael E. , George Steven Z. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundCluster analysis can be used to identify individuals similar in profile based on response to multiple pain sensitivity measures. There are limited investigations into how empirically derived pain sensitivity subgroups influence clinical outcomes for individuals with spine pain.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate empirically derived subgroups based on pressure and thermal pain sensitivity in individuals with spine pain and (2) to examine subgroup influence on 2-week clinical pain intensity and disability outcomes.DesignA secondary analysis of data from 2 randomized trials was conducted.MethodsBaseline and 2-week outcome data from 157 participants with low back pain (n=110) and neck pain (n=47) were examined. Participants completed demographic, psychological, and clinical information and were assessed using pain sensitivity protocols, including pressure (suprathreshold pressure pain) and thermal pain sensitivity (thermal heat threshold and tolerance, suprathreshold heat pain, temporal summation). A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was used to create subgroups based on pain sensitivity responses. Differences in data for baseline variables, clinical pain intensity, and disability were examined.ResultsThree pain sensitivity cluster groups were derived: low pain sensitivity, high thermal static sensitivity, and high pressure and thermal dynamic sensitivity. There were differences in the proportion of individuals meeting a 30% change in pain intensity, where fewer individuals within the high pressure and thermal dynamic sensitivity group (adjusted odds ratio=0.3; 95% confidence interval=0.1, 0.8) achieved successful outcomes.LimitationsOnly 2-week outcomes are reported.ConclusionsDistinct pain sensitivity cluster groups for individuals with spine pain were identified, with the high pressure and thermal dynamic sensitivity group showing worse clinical outcome for pain intensity. Future studies should aim to confirm these findings.
Thermodynamic modeling of the In–Pt–Sb system
Authors: Guo Cuiping , Li Changrong , Shang Shunli , Du Zhenmin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe In–Pt–Sb system is modeled using the CALPHAD technique. The solution phases (liquid, fcc(Pt), rhom(Sb) and tetra(In)) are described as substitutional solution. The enthalpies of formation of the intermetallic compounds, Pt7Sb, Pt3Sb, Pt3Sb2, PtSb, PtSb2are calculated using first-principles calculations. In the In–Pt–Sb system, the compounds In3Pt2, In2Pt, In7Pt3in the In–Pt binary system and the compounds PtSb2and PtSb in the Pt–Sb binary system are treated as line compounds (In,Sb)mPtnaccording to experimental solid solubility of the third component. The compound In5Pt6is treated as (In,Pt,Sb)5(In,Pt)6based on its thermodynamic model in the In–Pt system and experimental solid solubility of Sb in the In–Pt–Sb system. The thermodynamic model of compound InPt3keeps the order–disorder transition model with fcc(Pt) solid solution which was used in the In–Pt binary system, and is treated as (In,Pt,Sb)0.25(In,Pt,Sb)0.75. Other compounds InPt, In9Pt13, αIn2Pt3, βIn2Pt3, InPt2and InSb in the In–Pt–Sb system keep the same thermodynamic models as those in binary systems. Based on the published experimental isothermal sections, vertical sections and the liquidus surface projection, the In–Pt–Sb system is modeled, and a set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters is obtained.
How can we teach them about neurotrauma prevention? Prospective and randomized “Pense Bem—Caxias do Sul” study with multiple interventions in preteens and adolescents
Authors: Falavigna Asdrubal , Medeiros Gregory Saraiva , Canabarro Carolina Travi , Barazzetti Daniel Ongaratto , Marcon Grasiela , Carneiro Monteiro Gabriela Massaro , Bossardi Júlia Bertholdo , da Silva Pedro Guarise , Teles Alisson Roberto , Velho Maíra Cristina , Ferrari Priscila 
Published: April 2014

Object
A previous study published by the authors showed that a single intervention could not change the baseline attitudes toward neurotrauma prevention. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple interventions in modifying knowledge and attitudes for the prevention of neurotrauma in Brazilian preteens and adolescents.

Methods
In a randomized controlled trial, fifth-year primary school (PS) and second-year high school (HS) students were divided into a control and 2 intervention (single/multiple) groups. The study was conducted in the following 8 stages: T1, questionnaire to measure baseline characteristics; T2, lecture on trauma prevention; T3, reapplying the questionnaire used in T1; T4, Traffic Department intervention; T5, a play about trauma and its consequences; T6, Fire Department intervention; T7, Emergency Medical Service intervention; and T8, reapplying the questionnaire used in T1 and T3. Positive answers were considered those affirming the use of safety devices “always or sometimes” and negative as “never” using safety devices.

Results
The sample consisted of 535 students. Regarding attitudes, students in all groups at any stage of measurement showed protective behavior more than 95% of the time about seat belt use. There were only differences between attitudes in PS and HS students on T8 assessment concerning the use of safety equipment on bikes in the multiple-intervention group and concerning the use of safety equipment on skateboards and rollerblades in single- and multiple-intervention groups. These differences were caused mainly by the reduction in positive answers by the HS group, rather than by the increase in positive or protective answers by the PS group. However, there was no difference when the control and intervention groups were compared, independent of the attitudes or the student groups studied. The most important reason for not using protective devices was the belief that they would not get hurt.

Conclusions
Multiple and different types of educational interventions, such as lectures, scenes from plays about trauma and its consequences, traffic and fire department intervention, and medical emergency intervention directed to preteens and adolescents from public and private schools did not modify most students' attitudes toward injury prevention. Clinical trial registration no: U1111–1121–0192 (National System of Ethics and Research in Brazil).
Les déterminants du taux de marge en France et quelques autres grands pays industrialisés : analyse empirique sur la période 1970-2000
Authors: Baghli Mustapha , Cette Gilbert , Sylvain Arnaud 
Published: April 2014

Determinants of Profit Ratio in France and Other Major Industrialised Countries : Empirical Analysis Over the Period from 1970 to 2000.
This study explores the factors driving the observed movements in the profit ratio in several industrialised countries. It suggests the following conclusions : - in France, the profit ratio returned in the nineties to the level recorded in the beginning of the seventies (after stripping out the impact of self-employment) ; - in France, Germany and Japan, the profit ratio seems driven in the medium to long term by the real interest rate, the relative price of energy and the capacity utilisation rate ; - in France, the change in the unemployment rate affects the profit ratio in the short term. This may confirm the impact on bargaining power of the disequilibrium in the labour market.
Dynamique de l’innovation organisationnelle lors de la réduction du temps de travail : évidences sur la France des années quatre-vingt-dix
Authors: Askenazy Philippe 
Published: April 2014

ShorterWorking Hours And Organisational Innovation Dynamics : Evidence from France During the Nineties.
This article uses a survey of French establistment with 20 or more employees to study the connections between shorter working hours and organisational changes. In the nineties, shorter working hours seemed part of an effort to adapt the work organisation to the technological environment, initially by investing in information and communication technologies and subsequently by reducing working hours and extending organisational innovation through multitasking and just-in-time techniques.
Recherches récentes sur l'adaptation des espèces et des types de plantes cultivées
Authors: Hédin Louis 
Published: April 2014

Le présent mémoire comporte deux parties. Dans la première, l'A. indique les objectifs poursuivis et les voeux présentés au cours de la réunion organisée à Rome du 10 au 20 juillet 1961 par la F.A.O. pour la prospection botanique et l'introduction des espèces végétales. L'organisation des échanges de plantes sur le plan international et de zones de prospection méthodique en Argentine et en Asie Mineure a été envisagée.
Dans une seconde partie, l'étude des conditions d'adaptation des espèces végétales à des milieux différents a été examinée. Jusqu'à présent, l'introduction de nouvelles espèces s'est faite de façon très empirique. Pourtant, au cours des dernières années, un certain nombre de chercheurs ont essayé de préciser les critères possibles de zones « homologues », c'est-à-dire susceptibles de permettre la croissance et le développement des mêmes espèces.
Un certain nombre de techniques ont été proposées pour reconnaître cette homologie. Qu'elles se fondent sur la météorologie, l'aspect de la végétation, la composition flôristique, la culture des plantes utiles, ces techniques se sont révélées insuffisantes. Elles permettent seulement de guider l'acclimatation, mais elles nécessitent d'être employées avec beaucoup d'esprit critique et surtout avec une connaissance précise des exigences écologiques des espèces à acclimater.
Survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labelled with red fluorescent protein in an ovine model of collagenase-induced tendinitis
Authors: Staffieri F. , Rossi G. , Francioso E. , Crovace A. , Lacitignola L. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjective: The aim of this study was to track the survival and efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) marked with red fluorescent protein (BMMSCRFP) in an ovine model of collagenase-induced tendinopathy.Methods: Bone marrow was harvested from one donor sheep and BM-MSC were isolated, cultivated and transfected with red fluorescent protein (BM-MSCRFP). Collagenase was injected into both Achilles tendons in the remaining nine sheep. After two weeks the left tendon was injected with a solution of 6 x 106 BM-MSCRFP and fibrin glue, while only fibrin glue was administered to the contralateral tendon in each sheep. After three, four and six weeks the tendons were harvested and evaluated for morphology, collagen I deposition, presence of CD34+ cells, and fluorescent labelled BM-MSC.Results: We demonstrated that delivery of BM-MSC into tendon lesions had positive effects on the injured tendons. The BM-MSCRFP survived at three, four and six weeks after treatment, leading to better quality healing of tendons as compared to the controls, where no labelled cells were detected. Interestingly, we demonstrated high expression of CD34+ cells in tendons that had been treated with BM-MSCRFP.Clinical relevance: Mesenchymal stem cell allografts have a positive effect on tendon healing and local injection of BM-MSC directly into the tendon allows the homing of BM-MSC for good efficiency of engraftment.
The use of medical leeches for venous congestion
Authors: Buote N. J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, has been used for hundreds of years in human medicine for a variety of diseases, most recently including venous congestion following reconstructive surgeries (skin flaps and reimplantations), excessive lingual and periorbital swelling, and non-traditional treatments for osteoarthritis, compartment syndrome and sialoadenitis. The treatment of venous congestion in animals using leeches has been mentioned anecdotally, but the only published report pertains to the use of leeches in a cat suffering from polycythemia vera. We report the use of medical grade leeches in a one-year-old male castrated Domestic Shorthaired cat presenting with severe swelling of the paw after sustaining a constrictive injury from a bandage. The limb use had become compromised and the swelling was not responsive to compression bandages so leech therapy was instituted for four days and the swelling dramatically improved. The patient's limb use improved back to normal and the constrictive wound went on to heal without complication. The use of leeches in this case allowed for resolution of severe venous congestion and a full return to function in this patient with no continued skin loss. The mechanism of action of hirudotherapy for venous congestion is to allow for an alternative egress of pooled venous blood leading to a reduction in capillary pressure and increases in arterial reperfusion of capillary beds. The human and veterinary applications, method, and potential complications with hirudotherapy are discussed in this review.
« Divines entreprises » sur la toile
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric , Braën Caroline 
Published: April 2014

L’étude privilégie l’information contenue dans les réseaux électroniques pour décrire et analyser les mouvements pentecôtiste et évangélique présents en sol canadien et sur le Web. A travers l’examen de cette vaste entreprise de réseautage, il cherche à voir comment ces groupes se mettent en valeur, recrutent de nouveaux leaders et financent leurs opérations. Quels sont donc les principaux groupes évangélique et pentecôtiste actifs auprès des Premières Nations et des Inuit qui occupent le Web ? Comment opèrent-ils pour atteindre leurs objectifs ? Quelles sont leurs activités et leurs stratégies ? Quelle est l’ampleur des ramifications qu’ils établissent et s’y produit-il une indigénisation ? Quelles sont enfin les stratégies de communication employées par les différents groupes pour convaincre leurs visiteurs ? Une première partie dresse un bref portrait des groupes évangéliques et pentecôtistes les plus anciens qui sont aujourd’hui actifs sur le Web. La seconde partie présente une analyse diachronique puis synchronique de groupes plus récents dont il fait ressortir certaines caractéristiques communes. Les recherches qui alimentent ce travail ont été effectuées de 2009 à 2012. Elles ont permis d’identifier un peu plus d’une quarantaine de sites Web évangéliques et pentecôtistes s’adressant aux Premières Nations et aux Inuit du Canada. Ce corpus n’est cependant pas exhaustif, car un grand nombre d’églises locales disposent de leur propre site. Les auteurs ont également examiné des médias et des journaux, comme Faith Today et The Mantle (www.iaogcan.com/mantle.html) pour mieux saisir leur rôle dans les différents réseaux.
Calpain-1 Contributes to IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Activation
Authors: Wu Zhengli , Chen Xiaochun , Liu Fang , Chen Wei , Wu Ping , Wieschhaus Adam J. , Chishti Athar H. , Roche Paul A. , Chen Wei-Min , Lin Tong-Jun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in allergy through secretion of both preformed and newly synthesized mediators. Mast cell mediator secretion is controlled by a complex network of signaling events. Despite intensive studies, signaling pathways in the regulation of mast cell mediator secretion remain incompletely defined. In this study, we examined the role of calpain in IgE-dependent mast cell activation. IgE-mediated activation of mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells enhanced calpain activity. Inhibition of calpain activity by a number of calpain inhibitors reduced IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation both in vitro and in vivo. Calpain inhibitors blocked IgE-mediated TNF and IL-6 production in vitro and reduced late-phase allergic response in vivo. Importantly, mouse calpain-1 null bone marrow–derived mast cells showed reduced IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo, diminished cytokine and chemokine production in vitro, and impaired late-phase allergic response in vivo. Further studies revealed that calpain-1 deficiency led to specific attenuation of IκB–NF-κB pathway and IKK–SNAP23 pathway, whereas calcium flux, MAPK, Akt, and NFAT pathway proceed normally in IgE-activated calpain-1 null mast cells. Thus, calpain-1 is identified as a novel regulator in IgE-mediated mast cell activation and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the management of allergic inflammation.
The β Subunit of the Type I Fcε Receptor Is a Target for Peptides Inhibiting IgE-Mediated Secretory Response of Mast Cells
Authors: Andrásfalvy Márton , Péterfy Hajna , Tóth Gábor , Matkó János , Abramson Jakub , Kerekes Krisztina , Vámosi György , Pecht Israel , Erdei Anna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Peptides originally derived from complement component C3a were earlier shown to inhibit the type I FcεR (FcεRI)-mediated degranulation of mucosal type mast cells. In the present study, we show that C3a7, a peptide with a natural sequence, and its modified derivative, C3a9, are powerful inhibitors of the above response of both serosal and mucosal type mastocytes. We demonstrate that these peptides inhibit FcεRI-induced membrane proximal events, suppress phosphorylation of the FcεRI β subunit, the protein tyrosine kinase Lyn, as well as the transient rise in free cytosolic Ca2+ level. The late phase of cellular response was also inhibited, as demonstrated by the reduced TNF-α secretion. Experiments using two independent methods provided evidence that the interaction site of complement-derived peptides is the FcεRI β-chain. This was further supported by fluorescence confocal microscopic colocalization and resonance energy transfer measurements. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of distinct “activating” and “inhibitory” motifs in the C3a sequence. Response to both is in balance under physiologic conditions. Furthermore, present data predict that such inhibitory peptides may serve as potent agents for future therapeutic intervention.
Costimulation through NKG2D Enhances Murine CD8+ CTL Function: Similarities and Differences between NKG2D and CD28 Costimulation
Authors: Markiewicz Mary A. , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Naidenko Olga V. , Matsui Ken , Burack W. Richard , Wise Erica L. , Fremont Daved H. , Allen Paul M. , Yokoyama Wayne M. , Colonna Marco , Shaw Andrey S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated that the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D can function as a costimulatory receptor for both mouse and human CD8+ T cells. However, it has recently been suggested that stimulation through NKG2D is insufficient for costimulation of CD8+ T cells. To aid in the delineation of NKG2D function in CTL responses, we investigated whether stimulation of NKG2D by the natural ligand RAE1ε was able to costimulate effector functions of a murine CTL line generated from DUC18 TCR transgenic mice. We found that NKG2D was able to costimulate DUC CTL responses and did so in a manner similar to CD28 costimulation. The T cells exhibited increased proliferation, IFN-γ release, and cytotoxicity when presented antigenic peptide by P815 cells expressing RAE1ε or B7-1 compared with untransfected P815. In addition, both RAE1ε and B7-1 enhanced Ag-independent IFN-γ secretion in response to IL-12 and IL-18 by DUC CTL. However, only costimulation through CD28 allowed for DUC CTL survival upon secondary stimulation, whereas ligation of NKG2D, but not CD28, induced DUC CTL to form an immune synapse with target cells in the absence of TCR stimulation. Understanding the outcomes of these differences may allow for a better understanding of T cell costimulation in general.
Intracellular Bacteria Differentially Regulated Endothelial Cytokine Release by MAPK-Dependent Histone Modification
Authors: Schmeck Bernd , Beermann Wiebke , van Laak Vincent , Zahlten Janine , Opitz Bastian , Witzenrath Martin , Hocke Andreas C. , Chakraborty Trinad , Kracht Michael , Rosseau Simone , Suttorp Norbert , Hippenstiel Stefan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Epigenetic histone modifications contribute to the regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription. The role of epigenetic regulation in immunity to intracellular pathogens is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that epigenetic histone modifications influence cytokine expression by intracellular bacteria. Intracellular Listeria monocytogenes, but not noninvasive Listeria innocua, induced release of distinct CC and CXC chemokines, as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokines and growth factors by endothelial cells. Cytokine expression was in part dependent on p38 MAPK and MEK1. We analyzed global histone modification and modifications in detail at the gene promoter of IL-8, which depended on both kinase pathways, and of IFN-γ, which was not blocked by kinase inhibition. Intracellular Listeria induced time-dependent acetylation (lysine 8) of histone H4 and phosphorylation/acetylation (serine 10/lysine 14) of histone H3 globally and at the il8 promoter in HUVEC, as well as recruitment of the histone acetylase CREB-binding protein. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK and MEK1 reduced lysine 8 acetylation of histone H4 and serine 10/lysine 14 phosphorylation/acetylation of histone H3 in Listeria-infected endothelial cells and disappearance of histone deacetylase 1 at the il8 promoter in HUVEC. In contrast, IFN-γ gene transcription was activated by Listeria monocytogenes independent of p38 MAPK and MEK1, and histone phosphorylation/acetylation remained unchanged in infected cells at the IFN-γ promoter. Specific inhibition of histone deacetylases by trichostatin A increased Listeria-induced expression of IL-8, but not of IFN-γ, underlining the specific physiological impact of histone acetylation. In conclusion, MAPK-dependent epigenetic modifications differentially contributed to L. monocytogenes-induced cytokine expression by human endothelial cells.