bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development and evaluation of a medical imaging training immersive environment
Authors: Bridge Pete , Gunn Therese , Kastanis Lazaros , Pack Darren , Rowntree Pamela , Starkey Debbie , Mahoney Gaynor , Berry Clare , Braithwaite Vicki , Wilson‐Stewart Kelly 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionA novel realistic 3D virtual reality (VR) application has been developed to allow medical imaging students at Queensland University of Technology to practice radiographic techniques independently outside the usual radiography laboratory.MethodsA flexible agile development methodology was used to create the software rapidly and effectively. A 3D gaming environment and realistic models were used to engender presence in the software while tutor‐determined gold standards enabled students to compare their performance and learn in a problem‐based learning pedagogy.ResultsStudents reported high levels of satisfaction and perceived value and the software enabled up to 40 concurrent users to prepare for clinical practice. Student feedback also indicated that they found 3D to be of limited value in the desktop version compared to the usual 2D approach. A randomised comparison between groups receiving software‐based and traditional practice measured performance in a formative role play with real equipment. The results of this work indicated superior performance with the equipment for the VR trained students (P = 0.0366) and confirmed the value of VR for enhancing 3D equipment‐based problem‐solving skills.ConclusionsStudents practising projection techniques virtually performed better at role play assessments than students practising in a traditional radiography laboratory only. The application particularly helped with 3D equipment configuration, suggesting that teaching 3D problem solving is an ideal use of such medical equipment simulators. Ongoing development work aims to establish the role of VR software in preparing students for clinical practice with a range of medical imaging equipment.
Glottic configuration in patients with exercise‐induced stridor: A new paradigm
Authors: Olin J. Tod , Clary Matthew S. , Connors Dan , Abbott Jordan , Brugman Susan , Deng Yiming , Chen Xiaoye , Courey Mark 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisParadoxical vocal fold motion and exercise‐induced paradoxical vocal fold motion (EIPVFM) are two related conditions that do not have definitive diagnostic criteria. Much of the EIPVFM literature describes patients with characteristic physiologic findings of severe upper airway obstruction or obvious airflow limitation in the clinical context of exertional dyspnea with audible stridor. The objective of this study was to highlight a group of patients who demonstrate important clinical findings of EIPVFM (exertional dyspnea with audible stridor) without simultaneously definitive physiologic findings (mild glottic adduction and normal flow volume loops).Study DesignRetrospective medical record review.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 150 patients who performed continuous laryngoscopy during exercise for inclusion in a case series. We excluded patients for technical (incomplete records) and physiologic (extremes of disease severity) reasons. Three blinded physicians (practicing in laryngology, pulmonology, and allergy/immunology) independently evaluated isolated audio tracks, video tracks, and flow volume loops of the remaining patients for the presence or absence of stridor, the glottic configuration, and the presence or absence of inspiratory limitation on exercise flow volume loops at peak work capacity.ResultsExercise laryngoscopy and flow volume loops were fully evaluated for 23 patients. Five patients with exertional dyspnea were unanimously described as having audible stridor, open glottic configuration, and normal flow volume loops.ConclusionsEIPVFM can occur in the absence of widely recognized confirmatory physiologic measures. Improved quantitative metrics are needed to better characterize patients with EIPVFM.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2568–2573, 2014
High Throughput Characterization of Polymer Libraries by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Baudis Stefan , Lendlein Andreas , Behl Marc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDiffuse reflectance FTIR (DRIFT) was established as a high throughput characterization method for classic copolymer systems. Four different methyl methacrylate‐based polymer libraries with styrene, N‐vinylpyrrolidone, 4‐vinylpyridine, or 2‐carboxyethyl acrylate as comonomers were synthesized using an automated/robotic synthesizer platform, and analyzed by 1H NMR and DRIFT. By multivariate data analysis both data sets were compared and correlations with R2 between 0.9373 and 0.9971 could be achieved. By this means high throughput screening of comonomer contents of these polymer libraries was enabled.
All subtypes of the Pmp adhesin family are implicated in chlamydial virulence and show species‐specific function
Authors: Becker Elisabeth , Hegemann Johannes H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe bacterial pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae are obligate intracellular parasites, cause a number of serious diseases, and can infect various cell types in humans. Chlamydial infections are probably initiated by binding of the bacterial outer membrane protein OmcB to host cell glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Here, we show that all nine members of the polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp) family of C. trachomatis mediate adhesion to human epithelial and endothelial cells. Importantly, exposure of infectious particles to soluble recombinant Pmps blocks subsequent infection, thus implicating an important function of the entire protein family in the infection process. Analogous experiments with pairs of recombinant Pmps or a combination of Pmp and OmcB revealed that all Pmps probably act in an adhesion pathway that is distinct from the OmcB‐GAG pathway. Finally, we provide evidence that the Pmps of C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae exhibit species and tissue specificity. These findings argue for the involvement of C. trachomatis Pmps in the initial phase of infection and suggest that they may interact with a receptor other than the epidermal growth factor receptor recently identified for their counterparts in C. pneumoniae.
Crystalliferous Bacillus cereus group bacteria from a Maryland hardwood forest are dominated by psychrotolerant strains
Authors: Blackburn Michael B. , Martin Phyllis A. W. , Kuhar Daniel , Farrar Robert R. , Gundersen‐Rindal Dawn E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCrystal‐forming bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group were isolated from soil samples collected at different elevations within a mixed hardwood forest in central Maryland, and their phylogenetic relationships determined by multilocus sequence analysis. The vast majority of isolates obtained were associated with two phylogenetic groups known to be psychrotolerant, with very few isolates representing phylogenetic groups more typically associated with Bacillus thuringiensis. Isolates from the psychrotolerant groups were found to grow on solid media at 7°C. Isolates of 11 highly related, novel sequence types (STs) from the psychrotolerant group that includes Bacillus weihenstephanensis were generally found at higher elevations, and were not associated with soils near streams. Isolates of two related STs from the second psychrotolerant group were nearly always found at the bottoms of ravines near streams, in areas abundant in earthworm castings.
Faecal microbial metabolism of olive oil phenolic compounds: In vitro and in vivo approaches
Authors: Mosele Juana I. , Martín‐Peláez Sandra , Macià Alba , Farràs Marta , Valls Rosa‐Maria , Catalán Úrsula , Motilva María‐José 
Published: July 2014

ScopeIn the present study, the individual colonic metabolism of the main components of the virgin olive oil phenolic fraction was evaluated by an in vitro model using human faecal microbiota. To assess differences in metabolism related to the molecular structure, four phenolic standards were selected, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate and oleuropein. After studying the in vitro colonic metabolism pathways of the individual phenols, the presence of their colonic metabolites was investigated in human faecal samples obtained before and after the sustained intake (3 weeks) of a daily dose of 25 mL of a phenol‐enriched olive oil.Methods and resultsThe in vitro colon fermentation of the four individual phenolic compounds revealed (i) an increase in phenolic acids, (ii) the stability of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol and (iii) the high degradation of hydroxytyrosol acetate and oleuropein. Additionally, a moderate intake of a phenol‐rich olive oil raised the concentration in human faeces of free hydroxytyrosol and phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids.ConclusionThe products of colonic catabolism of olive oil phenolic compounds could be good candidates for novel preventive strategies and open a promising line of research into the preventive action of olive oil phenols in colon and other bowel diseases.
Improving the diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders through survey methodology and cognitive interviewing
Authors: Mewton Louise , Slade Tim , Teesson Maree , Memedovic Sonja , Krueger Robert F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study aims to identify problems in the structure and wording of questions designed to operationalize four DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders (AUDs): (1) use of alcohol in hazardous situations (hazard); (2) tolerance; (3) use of alcohol in larger amounts/longer periods than intended (larger/longer); (4) unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control alcohol use (quit/cut down). Ten experts appraised the questions related to these criteria in the WMH‐CIDI according to a standardized checklist. These experts identified three main problems: (1) the double‐barrelled nature of some of the questions; (2) definitional issues; and (3) unclear thresholds for criterion endorsement. Cognitive interviews of 100 young adult drinkers aged 18–24 were then conducted. The double‐barrelled nature of the DSM‐IV criteria led to their subsequent over‐ or under‐endorsement. Key terms in the questions under investigation were defined inconsistently. There was also a large amount of variability in the thresholds at which larger/longer and quit/cut down were endorsed. Many of these problems could be linked back to the DSM‐IV text. The findings raise questions as to the validity of AUD diagnoses when established via structured diagnostic interview. Further research should focus on testing alternative structure and wording of key AUD criteria to ensure accurate operationalizations of these criteria in structured diagnostic interviews. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FmRα analysis: Rapid and direct estimation of relaxation and kinetic parameters from dynamic nuclear polarization time courses
Authors: Pagès Guilhem , Kuchel Philip W. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeTo introduce a direct method for estimating relaxation and kinetic parameter values from rapid dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (RD‐DNP) NMR time courses.Theory and MethodsThe analysis relied on a kinetic model that is often used to analyze data in these studies—a unidirectional (bio)chemical reaction with rate constant k1, coupled to longitudinal relaxation of the magnetization of substrate and product that is characterized by the time constant T1. The latter value was estimated from the width of the product curve (peak) at the height α relative to the maximum height. We showed α ∼ 0.8 under most conditions, so we measured the interval between the falling and rising parts of the curve at the relative height 0.8. We called this the “fall‐minus‐rise time at height α,” or FmRα, and found that FmR0.8 ∼ T1. The ratio β = (product signal/substrate signal) when the product is maximal was shown to be equal to k1 T1. Therefore, k1 = β/FmR0.8.ResultsFmRα analysis was demonstrated with 13C NMR RD‐DNP data recorded from hemolysates and from previously published data.ConclusionFmRα analysis enables immediate estimates of kinetic and relaxation parameters from 13C NMR RD‐DNP data. The values can be used as initial estimates in more extensive computer‐based data‐regression analysis. Magn Reson Med 73:2075–2080, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical presentation and electrophysiological findings of porphyric neuropathies: A follow‐up study
Authors: Wu Chi‐Lin , Ro Long‐Sun , Jung Shih‐Ming , Tsai Tzung‐Chang , Chu Chun‐Che , Lyu Rong‐Kuo , Huang Chin‐Chang , Kuo Hung‐Chou 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: A case series of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is described that focuses on the clinical course of the disease with regard to neurological manifestations of the peripheral nervous system. Methods: Eight patients were diagnosed with AIP on the basis of characteristic clinical findings, erythrocyte porphobilinogendeaminase activity, neuropathic patterns, serial changes in nerve conduction studies (NCS), and temporal relationship of central nervous system involvement. Results: Six patients diagnosed with AIP <2 months after symptom onset had neuropathy that was predominantly upper extremity, motor, and proximal. NCS recovery rates were slower in the lower than the upper limbs. Two patients diagnosed >2 months after symptom onset had distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Conclusions: The findings from this case series suggest that the peripheral nerves may be differentially and selectively involved in different diagnostic stages of porphyric neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 51: 363–369, 2015
Nanoskopie im mittleren Infrarot
Authors: Ramer Georg , Lendl Bernhard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMit neuen Nahfeldtechniken umgeht die IR‐Mikroskopie das Beugungslimit und erreicht eine Ortsauflösung zwischen 20 und 50 nm. Dabei hat die Rasterkraftmikroskopie eine entscheidende Funktion.
Unschärfen in der Unschärferelation
Authors: Kofler Johannes 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIm Gedankenexperiment des Heisenberg‐Mikroskops von 1927 führt eine Ortsmessung zu einer Störung des Impulses. Diese Intuition der “Störung” findet sich in der bekannten quantenmechanischen Formulierung der Heisenbergschen Unschärferelation Δx Δp ≥ h–/2 nicht wieder. Wie eine quantenmechanische Messfehler‐Störungs‐Relation genau aussieht, wurde erst in den letzten zehn Jahren erforscht. Das Ergebnis hängt von den präzisen Definitionen ab. Dabei ist es essentiell, ob man die Störung einzeln für jeden Quantenzustand charakterisiert oder das prinzipielle Störungsvermögen der Messapparatur für alle Zustände.
50 Jahre CP‐Verletzung
Authors: Kellerbauer Alban 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVor fünfzig Jahren wurde entdeckt, dass in Zerfallsprozessen, in denen die schwache Wechselwirkung dominiert, die CP‐Symmetrie verletzt sein kann. C steht für Ladungsumkehr, P für Raumspiegelung. Heute ist die CP‐Verletzung ein fester Bestandteil des Standardmodells der Teilchenphysik. Die vorhergesagten Symmetriebrechungen sind in verschiedenen schwachen Prozessen mit hoher Genauigkeit überprüft worden. Dabei wurden bislang keine Abweichungen vom Standardmodell gefunden. Die Suche nach CP‐Verletzungen bleibt sowohl im Rahmen als auch außerhalb des Standardmodells ein wichtiges Forschungsthema. Es kann die Frage beantworten helfen, warum nach dem Urknall ein kleiner Überschuss an Materie gegenüber der Antimaterie übrig blieb.
Molekülketten als kleinste mechanische Resonatoren
Authors: Müllegger Stefan , Koch Reinhold 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNanomechanische Resonatoren sind winzige vibrierende Balken, die bei sehr hohen Frequenzen schwingen. Ihre Schwingungsfrequenz hängt empfindlich von ihrer Masse und Steifigkeit ab, was eine Detektion von winzigen Objekten, wie Molekülen oder Viren, durch eine genaue Frequenzmessung ermöglicht. Unserer Gruppe ist die Herstellung und Charakterisierung der kleinsten nanomechanischen Resonatoren gelungen, die aus nur vier einzelnen Molekülen bestehen. Dadurch eignen sie sich besonders als Sensoren mit Einzelmolekül‐Empfindlichkeit.
Flackernde Entladungslampen unter der (Zeit‐)lupe
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWer kennt es nicht, das Flackern von Lampen, das bei empfindlichen Menschen Kopfschmerzen verursachen kann? So etwas kann bei Entladungsröhren mit ungünstigen Eigenschaften der phosphorisierenden Beschichtung auftreten. Mit moderner Technik lässt sich dieses Problem lösen. Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Videos zeigen verschiedene Phänomene, die beim Betrieb von Entladungsröhren auftreten.
Beleuchtungsstärken mit AndroSensor messen
Authors: Klein Pascal , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas , Lück Stephan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSmartphones verfügen über eine Reihe von Sensoren, beispielsweise für Beschleunigungen, Magnetfelder, Luftdruck, Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit. Die App AndroSensor liest diese Sensoren bei Android‐Smartphones aus. Verfügt das Gerät zudem über einen Lichtstärkesensor, so lassen sich damit interessante Experimente ausführen.
Achtung Aquaplaning
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGroße rotierende Granitkugeln im öffentlichen Raum sind entgegen allem Anschein High‐Tech‐Produkte. Sie driften auf einem sehr dünnen Wasserfilm. Die Kugel muss daher äußerst präzise gearbeitet sein.
The effect of vitamin D on airway reactivity and inflammation in asthmatic children: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Bar Yoseph Ronen , Livnat Galit , Schnapp Zeev , Hakim Fahed , Dabbah Husein , Goldbart Aviv , Bentur Lea 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundCross‐sectional studies have reported an association of vitamin D deficiency with increased asthma prevalence and severity, and with allergies. The effect of vitamin D as sole therapy on airway hyper‐reactivity (AHR) and airway inflammation has not been reported.AimTo evaluate the effect of vitamin D therapy on AHR as assessed by methacholine concentration, causing a 20% reduction in FEV1 (PC20‐FEV1) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), systemic markers of allergy and inflammation, and exhaled breath condensate cytokines.Patients and MethodsChildren aged 6–18 years with a clinical diagnosis of mild asthma currently not receiving anti‐inflammatory therapy and with low vitamin D levels were included in this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study assessing the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with oral vitamin D 14,000 units once weekly or placebo.ResultsOf the 39 patients included, 20 received vitamin D treatment and 19 received a placebo. Vitamin D replacement resulted in a significant increase in vitamin levels, which remained unchanged in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). There was no change in IgE, eosinophil count, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, FeNO levels or PC20‐FEV1 following treatment. Similar values of exhaled breath condensate cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL10, IL17, and γ interferon) were observed in both groups.ConclusionsIn our small group of children with mild asthma, no difference could be demonstrated between the effect of vitamin D and placebo, despite significant increases in vitamin D blood levels. Larger interventional studies are needed to fully explore the possible effect of vitamin D in asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:747–753. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A high‐resolution structure of the EF‐hand domain of human polycystin‐2
Authors: Allen Mark D. , Qamar Seema , Vadivelu Murali K. , Sandford Richard N. , Bycroft Mark 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) affects over 1:1000 of the worldwide population and is caused by mutations in two genes, PKD1 and PKD2. PKD2 encodes a 968‐amino acid membrane spanning protein, Polycystin‐2 (PC‐2), which is a member of the TRP ion channel family. The C‐terminal cytoplasmic tail contains an EF‐hand motif followed by a short coiled‐coil domain. We have determined the structure of the EF‐hand region of PC‐2 using NMR spectroscopy. The use of different boundaries, compared with those used in previous studies, have enabled us to determine a high resolution structure and show that the EF hand motif forms a standard calcium‐binding pocket. The affinity of this pocket for calcium has been measured and mutants that both decrease and increase its affinity for the metal ion have been created.
‘I Already Know the City, I Don't Have to Explore it’: Adjustments to ‘Sense of Place’ for ‘Local’ UK University Students
Authors: Holton Mark 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecent conceptualisations of place have sought to reconsider place as being the sedentary equivalent to mobility, instead recognising its dynamism and its potential for evoking powerful emotional responses. These notions hold particular resonance in the realm of higher education, with discussions emerging of the important influence place may hold for students as they progress through university. Although this has been recognised from the perspective of ‘mobile’ students, what is less clear is how these notions of place might influence the trajectories of ‘local’ students, specifically how feelings of place disruption or identity dislocation might spill out into their non‐student lives and their wider sense of ‘being’ students (or non‐students) within what are often highly emotive and memory‐laden places. This is important as the process of ‘re‐sensing’ place through the lens of a student may challenge long‐established conceptions of the city for ‘local’ students. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosis of sarcoidosis‐related pleural effusion
Authors: Wang Feng , Tong Zhaohui , Wang Zhen , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhan Xi , Shi Huanzhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPleural effusion caused by sarcoidosis is unusual. Medical thoracoscopy could help clinicians detect associated pleural disease, yet studies on thoracoscopic observations in sarcoidosis pleural involvement are rare. In this article, we report the utility of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosing sarcoid‐related pleural disease for three patients. Pleural nodularity was common with solitary and multiple nodules evident; biopsies confirmed the presence of diagnostic noncaseating granulomas.
Effect of Polycarboxylate Coligands from Linear to V‐shaped CuII Coordination Polymers Based on a Rigid Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Xiao‐Dong , Yi Fei‐Yan , Tian Wan‐Guo , Li Yun‐Hui , Gao Ying , Yang Xiu‐Yun , Yao Shuang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe layered CuII coordination polymer {[Cu(tib)2(H2O)2](NO3)2} (1) based on the rigid tripodal 1,3,5‐tris(1‐imidazolyl)benzene (tib) ligand was synthesized by hydrothermal methods. By introducing different polycarboxylate coligands from linear 4,4′‐biphthalic acid (H4L1) to V‐shaped thiophene‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H2L2), two new copper(II) compounds were obtained, namely, {Cu(tib)(H2L1)(H2O)·3H2O} (2) and {Cu(tib)(L2)·3H2O} (3). X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that compound 2 displays a hydrogen‐bonded three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure, in which protonated {H2L1}2– ligands occupy some coordination sites around the metal atoms to form one‐dimensional (1D) chain by blocking the formation of two‐dimensional (2D) Cu‐tib layer as in compound 1. Interestingly, compound 3 features a rare twofold interpenetrating binodal seh‐3,5‐P43212 topological network by synergistic effect of V‐shaped carboxylate group and functionally complementary N‐donor ligand. These compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravinetric analyses, and photoluminescent spectroscopy.