bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Pediatric Antibiotic Standard Dosing Table on Dosing Errors
Authors: Aseeri Mohammed A. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to compare the rate of dosing errors for antibiotic orders in pediatric patients before and after the implementation of an antibiotic standard dosing table with precalculated dosage for different weight ranges at a tertiary care hospital.METHODSA retrospective study of 300 antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric patients in three different settings (ambulatory care, inpatient, and emergency department) at a tertiary care hospital assessed the appropriateness of antibiotic dosing. The need for an antibiotic dosing standardization policy was identified after finding that more than 30% of patients experienced a dose variation of ±10% of the recommended daily dose. An antibiotic dosing standardization policy was implemented with an antibiotic standard dosing table for different weight ranges, and a hospital wide-education program was conducted to increase awareness of this new practice and its benefits. Three months after implementation, a random sampling of 300 antibiotic prescriptions collected from the same settings as the pre-intervention period was evaluated for compliance with the new policy and its effect on the number of antibiotic dosing errors.RESULTSSix hundred prescriptions were included in this study (300 in the pre-implementation phase and 300 in the post-implementation phase). Patient characteristics were similar in both groups in terms of sex, age, and weight. Physician compliance with the antibiotic dosing standardization policy after its implementation was 62%. The dosing standardization policy reduced the rate of dosing errors from 34.3% to 5.06% (p=0.0001), and weight documentation on the antibiotic prescription improved from 65.8% to 85.7% (p=0.0001).CONCLUSIONSImplementation of an antibiotic dosing standardization policy significantly reduced the incidence of dosing errors in antibiotics prescribed for pediatric patients in our hospital.
Glycemic Control in Pediatric Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Wierer Kathryn L. , Pagryzinski Rachel A. , Xiang Qun 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVES To determine whether glycemic control has an effect on outcomes for pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy, while controlling for multiple factors.METHODS A single-center retrospective chart review was performed on 82 patients who required ECMO from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2010. All glucose concentrations collected while patients were on ECMO were analyzed; multiple other factors that may have affected mortality were also recorded. Primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes were length of time on ECMO and length of time until death or discharge from the hospital.RESULTS Of 82 patients, 53 patients survived ECMO (64.6%). Glucose control had no effect on survival of patients on ECMO (p=0.56), even when controlling for multiple factors (p=0.48). Similarly, statistical evaluation showed no differences for hospital mortality in relationship to controlled serum glucose (p=0.50). Patients with controlled glucose spent an average of 31.5% more time on ECMO than non-controlled patients (p=0.048).CONCLUSIONS In this study, glycemic control, defined as serum glucose concentration between 60 mg/dL and 250 mg/dL for &gt;95% of the time on ECMO, had no statistically significant effect on mortality for patients on ECMO. Future studies could focus on tighter glucose control or specific dextrose/glucose protocols to evaluate whether improved glucose control would have an effect on morbidity and mortality.
Le livre utopique
Authors: Vallée Jean-François 
Published: September 2013

Les nombreuses éditions modernes de L’Utopie de Thomas More présentent un visage très différent des premières éditions publiées au début du xvie siècle. On note, par exemple, que la plus grande partie de ce qu’on appelle les parerga – lettres d’humanistes, poèmes et gravures qui encadrent les éditions renaissantes –, a été presque systématiquement éliminée. Il en va de même pour les 194 notes marginales, attribuées à Érasme ou à Pierre Gilles. Ces coupures et reconfigurations des éditions originales paraissent extrêmement significatives : elles nous semblent étroitement liées à une lecture de L’Utopie qui paraît déformée par notre conception moderne du livre et de l’auteur. Une analyse attentive des quatre premières éditions nous permettra de mettre en lumière la structure textuelle et éditoriale beaucoup plus sophistiquée de cette oeuvre humaniste foncièrement « dialogocentrique », ce qui pourrait transformer radicalement notre lecture de ce livre utopique à plus d’un titre.
Face to Face and Side by Side: Printing Cross-Confessional Poetry in Late xvith and Early xviith century France1
Authors: Barker S. K. 
Published: September 2013

The early modern anthology allowed editors to assemble new products quickly without waiting for fresh work to be written, something which proved to be particularly fruitful for poetry collections. However, it is often hard to discern how such collections were developed and assembled. The popular Cantiques du Sieur de Maisonfleur appeared in eight variations between 1580 and 1613. What makes this particular collection all the more intriguing is the cross-confessional background of the poets involved, especially as the collected works had a spiritual focus. This study explores both the changing editorial aims and textual presentation of the Cantiques. It considers the evolving layout and ordering of the works and the different reading apparatus introduced into the volumes so as to discern how readers were meant to approach the collection. It argues that the editorial decisions behind this collection reflected the cross-confessional trends of the later Reformation, particularly how they manifested themselves in a France dealing with the realities and legacies of religious civil war.
Le projet éditorial de Marie de Gournay
Authors: Devincenzo Giovanna 
Published: September 2013

Marie de Gournay fait son entrée dans le monde des lettres en éditant, après la mort de Montaigne, ce qu’elle appelle le « texte orphelin » de son « père d’alliance ». L’année 1595, date de la parution à Paris de la première édition posthume du chef-d’oeuvre de Montaigne, marque ainsi le début des tribulations que le navire des Essais s’apprête à accomplir au cours du xviie siècle. À la barre de ce navire il y a une femme qui, en raison du rapport privilégié entretenu avec Montaigne, s’entrevoit comme la seule personne autorisée à s’occuper des éditions posthumes de l’ouvrage. Marie se réclame la seule et légitime garante du texte et s’attache à défendre l’authenticité de son travail éditorial contre tous ceux qui l’accusent d’avoir exploité le nom de Montaigne pour mettre en place son propre projet d’écriture. À partir de la prise en compte des éditions des Essais dites « de Gournay » et de l’analyse de la longue « Préface » par la « fille d’alliance » à l’édition de 1595 de l’ouvrage, cette contribution vise à montrer le rôle crucial des stratégies éditoriales mises en place par cette femme de lettres dans le processus de réception de l’ouvrage au cours des siècles.
Ce que la FNAC a fait du livre. Innovations, controverses et rationalisation dans le commerce culturel français
Authors: Chabault Vincent 
Published: September 2013

Contrairement à la lecture ou à la trajectoire de maisons d’édition, la question de la médiation marchande du livre a été peu traitée par les recherches de sciences sociales menées sur le livre. Mobilisant une approche classique de la sociologie de la consommation, qui s’intéresse aux structures commerciales pour la culture marchande qu’elles contribuent à façonner, cet article examine les conditions d’achat que la FNAC a aménagées pour le livre et leurs effets du côté des clients et du côté des professionnels du secteur. Trois éléments sont mis en évidence : les innovations apportées par « l’agitateur culturel » dans la médiation du livre à son lecteur-consommateur, les controverses que son engagement a suscitées, ainsi que les effets provoqués par les stratégies de rationalisation mises au point pour sélectionner l’offre et approvisionner ses points de vente.
Faire-part de mariage à Bamako (Mali) : la migration internationale comme enjeu de distinction sociale
Authors: Mary Kevin 
Published: September 2013

À Bamako, au Mali, les faire-part de mariage sont souvent agrémentés de références spatiales qui correspondent aux différents lieux de résidence des membres d’une famille. Les familles bamakoises qui s’unissent choisissent ainsi de mentionner les membres de leur famille qui ont émigré. Cet article s’intéresse aux enjeux sociaux que suppose une telle pratique, laquelle révèle l’importance du phénomène migratoire au Mali : la migration permet d’accéder à différentes ressources (financières, sociales) et s’érige en véritable capital symbolique qui apparaît comme un élément discriminant de ce qui constitue la réussite ou l’échec social. Ces familles s’engagent ainsi dans une véritable course à la distinction sur la base de l’évocation de noms de lieux dispersés dans l’espace géographique.
Personalized Biobehavioral HIV Prevention for Women and Adolescent Girls
Authors: Brawner Bridgette M. , Teitelman Anne M. , Bevilacqua Amanda W. , Jemmott Loretta Sweet 
Published: September 2013

Background: Women and adolescent girls bear a significant burden of the global HIV pandemic. Both behavioral and biomedical prevention approaches have been shown to be effective. In order to foster the most effective combination HIV-prevention approaches for women and girls, it is imperative to understand the unique biological, social, and structural considerations that increase vulnerability to acquiring HIV within this population. Primary Study Objective: The purpose of this article is to propose novel ideas for personalized biobehavioral HIV prevention for women and adolescent girls. The central argument is that we must transcend unilevel solutions for HIV prevention toward comprehensive, multilevel combination HIV prevention packages to actualize personalized biobehavioral HIV prevention. Our hope is to foster transnational dialogue among researchers, practitioners, educators, and policy makers toward the actualization of the proposed recommendations. Methods: We present a commentary organized to review biological, social, and structural factors that increase vulnerability to HIV acquisition among women and adolescent girls. The overview is followed by recommendations to curb HIV rates in the target population in a sustainable manner. Results: The physiology of the lower female reproductive system biologically increases HIV risk among women and girls. Social (eg, intimate partner violence) and structural (eg, gender inequality) factors exacerbate this risk by increasing the likelihood of viral exposure. Our recommendations for personalized biobehavioral HIV prevention are to (1) create innovative mechanisms for personalized HIV risk—reduction assessments; (2) develop mathematical models of local epidemics; (3) prepare personalized, evidence-based combination HIV risk—reduction packages; (4) structure gender equity into society; and (5) eliminate violence (both physical and structural) against women and girls. Conclusions: Generalized programs and interventions may not have universal, transnational, and crosscultural implications. Personalized biobehavioral strategies are needed to comprehensively address vulnerabilities at biological, social, and structural levels.
A formal semantics of extended hierarchical state transition matrices using CSP#
Authors: Yamagata Yoriyuki , Kong Weiqiang , Fukuda Akira , Van Tang Nguyen , Ohsaki Hitoshi , Taguchi Kenji 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The extended hierarchical state transition matrices (EHSTMs) are a table-based modelling language frequently used in industry for specifying behaviours of systems. However, assuring correctness, i.e., having a design satisfy certain desired properties, is a non-trivial task. To address this problem, a model checker dedicated to EHSTMs called Garakabu2 has been developed. However, there is no formal justification for Garakabu2, since its semantics has never been fully formalised. In this paper, we give a formal semantics to EHSTMs by translating them into CSP, Communicating Sequential Processes. Among the variants of CSP, we use CSP#, which is the modelling language used by PAT model checker, as a target of translation. Our semantics covers most of the features supported by Garakabu2. We manually translate the small examples of EHSTMs to CSP#, and verify them by PAT. We also verify the examples directly using Garakabu2 and show that the results are same. The experiments also indicate that verification using our translation and PAT is much faster than that of Garakabu2 in some cases.
Can models of density‐dependent habitat selection be applied for trap‐building predators?
Authors: Barkae Erez David , Abramsky Zvika , Ovadia Ofer 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDensity‐dependent habitat selection theory was mainly tested on active foragers and therefore its applicability to trap‐building predators is poorly understood. The high sensitivity of trap‐building predators to changes in their physical environment, combined with their limited movement capability, can lead to habitat specialization, reducing their utilization of alternative habitats. We studied density‐dependent habitat selection in two pit‐building antlions, differing in their habitat utilization spectrum. The habitat generalist, Myrmeleon hyalinus, inhabits and performs equally well in both sand‐ and loess‐derived soils, although preferring the former, more productive coarse‐grained soils. In contrast, the habitat specialist, Cueta lineosa, only inhabits fine‐grained soils such as loess, while showing reduced foraging performance in coarse‐grained sandy soils. We allowed larvae to select between these two soils, while manipulating con‐specific density and initial stocking position. Irrespective of the initial stocking position, the number of M. hyalinus pits in the sand was positively correlated with the number of con‐specific pits in the loess, implying that this species is a density‐dependent habitat selector. Furthermore, these patterns of density‐dependence were consistent with the expectations of ideal pre‐emptive distribution (i.e., strong non‐linearity in the distribution of antlions between soils with increased total density), suggesting that interference competition largely dictates habitat selection in this species. In contrast, the habitat specialist showed constant habitat selectivity, as neither con‐specific density nor initial stocking positions influenced its habitat preference. Although mainly tested on active foragers, habitat selection theory can be applicable for trap‐building predators, demonstrating how mechanisms operating at the individual level influence spatial distribution patterns.
Tract‐based evaluation of white matter damage in individuals with early‐treated phenylketonuria
Authors: Peng Huiling , Peck Dawn , White Desirée A. , Christ Shawn E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPrevious research has documented white matter abnormalities in the brains of individuals with early‐treated phenylketonuria (ETPKU). The majority of these past studies have relied on a region‐based approach which focused on a limited number of spatially‐defined regions within the brain. In the present study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in conjunction with tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) to perform an extensive examination of white matter tracts in the brains of ten individuals with ETPKU (mean age = 23.2 years) and 12 healthy non‐PKU individuals (mean age = 23.5 years). Consistent with past research, we found that mean diffusivity (MD) was significantly restricted in the ETPKU group, and fractional anisotropy (FA) was comparable between the ETPKU and non‐PKU groups. Moreover, we found restricted axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in our ETPKU in numerous white matter tracts, suggesting widespread white matter compromise in ETPKU. In addition, this white matter pathology was more evident in older ETPKU participants with higher blood phenylalanine (phe) levels as compared to younger participants with lower phe levels.
Considering consent: a structural equation modelling analysis of factors influencing decisional quality when accepting newborn screening
Authors: Nicholls Stuart G. , Southern Kevin W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroductionNewborn bloodspot screening (NBS) programs generate an ethical tension between promoting the uptake of effective public health measures and facilitating informed consent from individuals.AimTo explore the factors that affect parental perceptions of decision quality when accepting NBSMethodsSurvey of parents with children screened in 2008 (n = 154, 32 % response rate). Questions were based on previous research and existing measures. The primary outcome was decision quality. Predictors were latent constructs of Attitudes to medicine, Perceived knowledge, Attitudes to screening, and Perceived choice. Responses were analysed using structural equation modelling.ResultsIncreases in perceived choice and positive attitudes towards screening improved decision quality. Perceived knowledge had a significant and positive relationship with attitudes to screening (0.375, p < 0.01) as did perceived choice on perceived knowledge (0.806, p < 0.01). Attitudes to screening were also significantly influenced by attitudes to medicine, although less so than the effect of perceived knowledge. The model had good fit on all indices (χ2 = 61.396, df = 48, p = 0.093; CFI = 0.979; RMSEA = 0.043).ConclusionsOur results implicate the presentation of screening as a key determinant of decision quality both in terms of the immediate information regarding the potential benefits and risks, but also the way in which consent processes are managed. If we want to better understand parent decision‐making we need to go beyond analyses of information content, or parental recall of this, but consider the context in which screening is provided.
Common FABP4 Genetic Variants and Plasma Levels of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Older Adults
Authors: Mukamal Kenneth J. , Wilk Jemma B. , Biggs Mary L. , Jensen Majken K. , Ix Joachim H. , Kizer Jorge R. , Tracy Russell P. , Zieman Susan J. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Psaty Bruce M. , Siscovick David S. , Djoussé Luc 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe examined common variants in the fatty acid binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) and plasma levels of FABP4 in adults aged 65 and older from the Cardiovascular Health Study. We genotyped rs16909187, rs1054135, rs16909192, rs10808846, rs7018409, rs2290201, and rs6992708 and measured circulating FABP4 levels among 3190 European Americans and 660 African Americans. Among European Americans, the minor alleles of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were associated with lower FABP4 levels (all p ≤ 0.01). Among African Americans, the SNP with the lowest minor allele frequency was associated with lower FABP4 levels (p = 0.015). The C‐A haplotype of rs16909192 and rs2290201 was associated with lower FABP4 levels in both European Americans (frequency = 16 %; p = 0.001) and African Americans (frequency = 8 %; p = 0.04). The haplotype combined a SNP in the first intron with one in the 3′untranslated region. However, the alleles associated with lower FABP4 levels were associated with higher fasting glucose in meta‐analyses from the MAGIC consortium. These results demonstrate associations of common SNP and haplotypes in the FABP4 gene with lower plasma FABP4 but higher fasting glucose levels.
Isolation and Characterization of a Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Phospholipids Producing Microorganism Crypthecodinium sp. D31
Authors: Okuda Tomoyo , Ando Akinori , Sakuradani Eiji , Ogawa Jun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThirty‐four strains of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐producing microorganisms were newly isolated from brackish areas in Japan. These strains showing various compositions of fatty acids. Especially, the fatty acids produced by one of the strains, named D31, had a high DHA content (over 60 % of the total fatty acids) and the simple fatty acid composition (16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and DHA without any other polyunsaturated acids). Although most oleaginous microorganisms accumulate DHA as triacylglycerol, the strain D31 accumulated DHA mainly as a polar lipid (79.4 % of total DHA), especially as phosphatidylcholine (71.4 % of polar DHA). This strain D31 was identified as a related species of Crypthecodinium cohnii on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. Crypthecodinium sp. D31 showed high DHA productivity when cultivated in a medium containing glycerol as the carbon source and a mixture of yeast extract and polypeptone as the nitrogen sources, with a salinity that was equivalent to 50 % of that of seawater and a pH in the acidic range (<pH 6.0). Crypthecodinium sp. D31 is considered as a promising producer of high‐purity DHA‐containing phospholipids.
HEIGHT AS AN INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC STATUS IN THE POLISH TERRITORIES UNDER RUSSIAN RULE AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH TO 20TH CENTURY
Authors: CZAPLA ZBIGNIEW , LICZBIŃSKA GRAŻYNA 
Published: September 2013

SummaryHeight is regarded as one of the indicators of environmental stress at population level, being an excellent barometer of standard of living. The aim of this study was to describe diversity in height among populations living in different regions of the Kingdom of Poland in terms of the economic factors in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. This study examines the height of adult inhabitants from fiveguberniyas(provinces) of the Kingdom of Poland (Łomża, Warsaw, Radom, Kalisz and Płock) collected in the years 1897–1914 (N=732 men,N=569 women). Differences in average height of male and female inhabitants across the fiveguberniyaswere examined using ANOVA and the Fisher's LSD (Least Significant Difference) test of multiple comparisons. Statistically significant differences in the height between theguberniyaswere observed. Diversity in the economic development in the studiedguberniyasof the Kingdom of Poland translated into differences in the height of their inhabitants. Moreover, an increase in mean height over time was noted.
Peter van Inwagen on gratuitous evil
Authors: KRAAY KLAAS J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDefenders and critics of the evidential argument from evil typically agree that if theism is true, no gratuitous evil occurs. But Peter van Inwagen has challenged this orthodoxy by urging that for all we know, given God's goals, it is impossible for God to prevent all gratuitous evil, in which case God is not required do so. If van Inwagen is right, the evidential argument from evil fails. After setting out this striking and innovative move, I examine three responses found in the literature, and show that none of them defeats van Inwagen's argument. I then offer a novel criticism: I show that van Inwagen implicitly relies on the claim that God can sensibly be thought tosatisfice, and I argue that this is seriously under-motivated. Accordingly, van Inwagen's objection to the evidential argument from evil is, at best, incomplete.