bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust design optimization using a non-intrusive second-order approximation of stochastic moments
Authors: Krüger Jan Christoph , Kriegesmann Benedikt 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a new formulation of the second-order fourth-moment method (sometimes referred to as second-order perturbation method or second-order method of moments). The method allows to efficiently predict the stochastic moments of a response function and is therefore often used within robust design optimization. The new approach allows a non-intrusive implementation at the same cost as existing, highly intrusive formulations. Therefore, the new approach can be applied to any objective function without significant implementation effort. It is based on a few finite difference steps into special directions and hence is dependent on the corresponding step sizes. An automatic step size procedure is supplied beside a detailed convergence analysis. The advantages of the new formulation are demonstrated by robust design optimizations of a 2D and a 3D example using the geometrically nonlinear finite element method.
Morphological variation of the kelp Ecklonia radiata in northeastern New Zealand and across its Australasian range
Authors: Hanns Benjamin , Blain Caitlin , Shears Nick T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of morphological plasticity, a key mechanism allowing species to flourish under a range of conditions, can provide important information on how a species will adapt to climate-change. The kelp Ecklonia radiata is the dominant canopy-forming macroalgae in temperate Australasia, occurring across a wide environmental range. Previous assessments of morphological variation across Australasia have not included northeastern New Zealand (NENZ) populations, where E. radiata exhibits an anomalous long-stipe morphology. Morphology in NENZ E. radiata over nine locations was quantified to examine variability and its relationship with environmental drivers: depth, wave exposure, turbidity and temperature. Published literature was then reviewed to assess variation across Australasia in relation to similar large-scale environmental drivers. In NENZ, morphology was driven by depth, wave exposure, and turbidity, but not temperature. Thalli had short stipes and relatively long lamina at shallow depths (< 2 m) and across depths at highly wave exposed sites. Stipe length increased with depth and the long stipe morphology dominated deeper depths (4–12 m) at sheltered to moderately exposed sites. However, this relationship varied in relation to turbidity, with more turbid sites having shorter stipes across all depths. Regional variation in morphology across Australasia was most strongly related to wave climate rather than temperature with the long-stipe morphology characterising regions with low energy wave climates such as NENZ. This study highlights the high levels of variability in E. radiata morphology and its complex relationship with environmental stress. If Australasia’s wave climate is to increase in severity, our findings suggest morphological variability expressed across Australasian E. radiata populations will shrink.
Highly Diverse Symbiodiniaceae Types Hosted by Corals in a Global Hotspot of Marine Biodiversity
Authors: Ng Ming Sheng , Soon Nathaniel , Afiq-Rosli Lutfi , Kunning Ismael , Mana Ralph R. , Chang Ying , Wainwright Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSymbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodiniaceae play vital roles in promoting resilience and increasing stress tolerance in their coral hosts. While much of the world’s coral succumb to the stresses associated with increasingly severe and frequent thermal bleaching events, live coral cover in Papua New Guinea (PNG) remains some of the highest reported globally despite the historically warm waters surrounding the country. Yet, in spite of the high coral cover in PNG and the acknowledged roles Symbiodiniaceae play within their hosts, these communities have not been characterized in this global biodiversity hotspot. Using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA gene, we profiled the endosymbionts of four coral species, Diploastrea heliopora, Pachyseris speciosa, Pocillopora acuta, and Porites lutea, across six sites in PNG. Our findings reveal patterns of Cladocopium and Durusdinium dominance similar to other reefs in the Coral Triangle, albeit with much greater intra- and intergenomic variation. Host- and site-specific variations in Symbiodiniaceae type profiles were observed across collection sites, appearing to be driven by environmental conditions. Notably, the extensive intra- and intergenomic variation, coupled with many previously unreported sequences, highlight PNG as a potential hotspot of symbiont diversity. This work represents the first characterization of the coral-symbiont community structure in the PNG marine biodiversity hotspot, serving as a baseline for future studies.
Psychosocial and biological pathways to aging
Authors: Gellert Paul , Alonso-Perez Enrique 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile the biological hallmarks of aging are widely recognized as fundamental mechanisms of biological aging, more recently, there have been calls within geroscience to understand the aging process more comprehensively by adding a perspective of the social hallmarks of aging. Social and behavioral factors, such as socioeconomic status, life events or behavior and beliefs can alter the aging process per se and act in complex interactions with biological pathways. In addition, underlying biological pathways have been proposed for various psychosocial concepts, such as views on age and relationship quality. The aim of the present article is to provide narrative insights into theoretical and empirical developments between social and behavioral gerontology and geroscience or biogerontology. This article focuses on the potential of an interdisciplinary aging research but it also sets out the critical perspective that social gerontology provides.
Welches Potential hat ChatGPT 3.5 für eine qualifizierte Patienteninformation?
Authors: Keyßer Gernot , Pfeil Alexander , Reuß-Borst Monika , Frohne Inna , Schultz Olaf , Sander Oliver 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einführung
Der Chatbot ChatGPT stellt einen Meilenstein in der Interaktion zwischen Menschen und großen, über das Internet zugänglichen Datenbanken dar. Er ermöglicht mit einer Kommunikation in Alltagssprache die Beantwortung komplexer Fragen und ist damit potenziell eine Informationsquelle für Betroffene rheumatischer Erkrankungen. Ziel der Untersuchung war es herauszufinden, ob ChatGPT (Version 3.5) in der Lage ist, qualifizierte Antworten zur Anwendbarkeit von Verfahren der Komplementär- und Alternativmedizin (CAM; Homöopathie, Ayurveda, Phytotherapie) bei rheumatoider Arthritis (RA), systemischem Lupus erythematodes (SLE) und Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) zu liefern. Außerdem wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Art der Fragestellung auf die erhaltenen Ergebnisse haben könnte.

Methodik
Die Befragung erfolgte in 3 Abschnitten. In Abschnitt A wurde eine offene Frage zu Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei einem der 3 Krankheitsbilder gestellt. In Abschnitt B wurde allgemein nach möglichen Anwendungen für CAM bei einer der 3 Erkrankungen gefragt. In Abschnitt C wurden Applikationsmöglichkeiten für die 3 genannten Verfahren für jede Diagnose erfragt. In den Abschnitten B und C wurden die Fragen jeweils in 2 Modifikationen gestellt. Die erste fragte danach, ob das Verfahren überhaupt anwendbar ist. Die zweite Frage erkundigte sich nach konkreten Anwendungen aus den genannten Verfahren. Die Validität der Ergebnisse wurde anhand des ChatGPT Reliability Scores, einer 7‑stufigen Likert-Skala, ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Zu den offenen Fragen im Abschnitt A lieferte ChatGPT die validesten Ergebnisse. In B und C wurden zahlreiche CAM-Anwendungen vorgeschlagen, die nicht durch wissenschaftliche Evidenz gestützt sind. In diesen Abschnitten waren die Ergebnisse deutlich von der Art der Fragestellung abhängig. Suggerierte die Frage eine Anwendungsabsicht der CAM, entfielen häufig Hinweise auf die fehlende Evidenz, die Qualität der Antwort wurde in den meisten Fällen schlechter bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Antworten von ChatGPT zur Anwendung von CAM bei definierten rheumatischen Erkrankungen lassen eine ausreichende wissenschaftliche Evidenz vermissen. Zudem beeinflusst die Art der Fragestellung die Qualität der Aussagen erheblich. Eine kritiklose Anwendung von ChatGPT als Instrument der Patientenschulung kann derzeit nicht empfohlen werden.
Immune responses to oligomeric α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Vega-Benedetti Ana Florencia , Porcedda Clara , Ercoli Tommaso , Fusco Giuliana , Burgaletto Chiara , Pillai Rita , Palmas Francesca , Cantone Anna Flavia , Angius Fabrizio , Solla Paolo , De Simone Alfonso , Cantarella Giuseppina , Giallongo Cesarina , Sogos Valeria , Defazio Giovanni , Carta Anna R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease displays clinical heterogeneity, presenting with motor and non-motor symptoms. Heterogeneous phenotypes, named brain-first and body-first, may reflect distinct α-synuclein pathology starting either in the central nervous system or in the periphery. The immune system plays a prominent role in the central and peripheral pathology, with misfolded α-synuclein being placed at the intersection between neurodegeneration and inflammation. Here, we characterized the inflammatory profile and immune-phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Parkinson’s disease patients upon stimulation with α-synuclein monomer or oligomer, and investigated relationships of immune parameters with clinical scores of motor and non-motor symptoms. Freshly isolated PBMCs from 21 Parkinson’s disease patients and 18 healthy subjects were exposed in vitro to α-synuclein species. Cytokine/chemokine release was measured in the culture supernatant by Multiplex Elisa. The immune-phenotype was studied by FACS-flow cytometry. Correlation analysis was computed between immune parameters and parkinsonian motor and non-motor scales. We found that Parkinson’s disease patients exhibited a dysregulated PBMC-cytokine profile, which remained unaltered after exposure to α-synuclein species and correlated with both motor and non-motor severity, with a strong correlation observed with olfactory impairment. Exposure of PBMCs from healthy controls to α-synuclein monomer/oligomer increased the cytokine/chemokine release up to patient’s values. Moreover, the PBMCs immune phenotype differed between patients and controls and revealed a prominent association of the Mos profile with olfactory impairment, and of NK profile with constipation. Results suggest that a deranged PBMC-immune profile may reflect distinct clinical subtypes and would fit with the recent classification of Parkinson’s disease into peripheral-first versus brain-first phenotype.
Transient secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infants with urinary tract infections: systematic literature review
Authors: Betti Céline , Lavagno Camilla , Bianchetti Mario G. , Kottanattu Lisa , Lava Sebastiano A. G. , Schera Federica , Lacalamita Marirosa Cristallo , Milani Gregorio P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfants with a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract sometimes present with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis due to under-responsiveness to aldosterone, hereafter referred to as secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism. The purpose of this report is to investigate pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infant urinary tract infection. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines after PROSPERO (CRD42022364210) registration. The National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, Web of Science, and Google Scholar without limitations were used. Inclusion criteria involved pediatric cases with documented overt pseudo-hypoaldosteronism linked to urinary tract infection. Data extraction included demographics, clinical features, laboratory parameters, management, and course. Fifty-seven reports were selected, detailing 124 cases: 95 boys and 29 girls, 10 months or less of age (80% of cases were 4 months or less of age). The cases exhibited hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, and activated renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system. An impaired kidney function was found in approximately every third case. Management included antibiotics, fluids, and, occasionally, emergency treatment of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, or acidosis. The recovery time averaged 1 week for electrolyte, acid–base imbalance, and kidney function. Notably, anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract were identified in 105 (85%) cases.Conclusions:This review expands the understanding of overt transient pseudo-hypoaldosteronism complicating urinary tract infection. Management involves antimicrobials, fluid replacement, and consideration of electrolyte imbalances. Raising awareness of this condition within pediatric hospitalists is desirable.

What is Known:

• Infants affected by a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract may present with clinical and laboratory features resembling primary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism.• Identical features occasionally occur in infant urinary tract infection.

What is New:

• Most cases of secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism associated with a urinary tract infection are concurrently affected by a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract.• Treatment with antibiotics and parenteral fluids typically results in the normalization of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and creatinine within approximately 1 week.
Analysis of the impact of a university distance learning course on digitalization in medicine on students and healthcare professionals
Authors: Baumgartner Martin , Wagner-Menghin Michaela , Vajda Christian , Lecaks Gernot , Redzic Armin , Dorffner Georg 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Purpose
The public medical universities in Austria (educating 11,000 students) developed a joint public distance learning series in which clinicians discussed current digital lighthouse projects in their specialty. This study aims to examine the changes in attitude and knowledge of the participants before and after the lecture series to gain insights for future curriculum developments.

Method
The lecture series was announced via various channels at the universities, in health newsletters and in social media. Attitudes toward digitalization in medicine were surveyed before and after the lecture series, together with demographic data. The data were analyzed statistically and descriptively for four groups of interest: female medical students, male medical students, faculty members and members from industry and public agencies.

Results
Out of 351 subjects who attended at least 1 lecture, 117 took part in the survey before and 47 after the lectures. Most participants had a positive attitude towards digitalization (85.3%). They improved their self-assessment of their knowledge from 34.4% to 64.7% (p < 0.05). After the lecture series 55.8% of participants considered digital medical applications to be important or very important today and 68.6% in the future.

Conclusion
The study shows that the presentation and discussion of lighthouse projects improves understanding of digitalization in medicine but does not trigger a strong desire for additional further training.
Esophageal perforation with near fatal mediastinitis secondary to Th3 fracture
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Maier Alfred , Lindenmann Jörg , Porubsky Christian , Seibert Franz-josef , Leithner Andreas , Smolle-juettner Freyja-maria 
Published: July 2024

SummaryA 74-year-old male patient was referred with signs of sepsis 5 days after having been diagnosed with a rib fracture following a fall out of bed. Novel hypodensities were visible on thoracic X‑rays and laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory parameters. Subsequently performed thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan showed burst fracture of the 3rd thoracic vertebra, posttraumatic esophageal rupture at the same level and mediastinitis. Furthermore, marked degenerative changes of the spinal column (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) were present. The patient underwent emergency thoracotomy and esophagectomy. Gastric pull-up with esophagogastrostomy was postponed for 3 days. After 14 days on the intensive care unit (ICU) and 12 days of i.v. antibiotics, the patient was transferred to the general ward and 7 weeks after trauma the patient was infection-free without difficulties in swallowing. Up to the latest follow-up 41 months following injury, several endoscopic dilations with a bougie due to constrictions at the anastomosis have been performed. Similar to previous cases in the literature, esophageal injury was diagnosed delayed, with the patient already having developed severe complications. This extremely seldom injury should be suspected in young patients following high-energy trauma, but also in older patients after low-energy trauma but known degenerative changes of the vertebral column.
Validity and accuracy of automatic cobb angle measurement on 3D spinal ultrasonographs for children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: SOSORT 2024 award winner
Authors: Wong Jason , Reformat Marek , Parent Eric , Lou Edmond 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Ultrasonography for scoliosis is a novel imaging method that does not expose children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to radiation. A single ultrasound scan provides 3D spinal views directly. However, measuring ultrasonograph parameters is challenging, time-consuming, and requires considerable training. This study aimed to validate a machine learning method to measure the coronal curve angle on ultrasonographs automatically.

Methods
A total of 144 3D spinal ultrasonographs were extracted to train and validate a machine learning model. Among the 144 images, 70 were used for training, and 74 consisted of 144 curves for testing. Automatic coronal curve angle measurements were validated by comparing them with manual measurements performed by an experienced rater. The inter-method intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), standard error of measurement (SEM), and percentage of measurements within clinical acceptance (≤ 5°) were analyzed.

Results
The automatic method detected 125/144 manually measured curves. The averages of the 125 manual and automatic coronal curve angle measurements were 22.4 ± 8.0° and 22.9 ± 8.7°, respectively. Good reliability was achieved with ICC2,1 = 0.81 and SEM = 1.4°. A total of 75% (94/125) of the measurements were within clinical acceptance. The average measurement time per ultrasonograph was 36 ± 7 s. Additionally, the algorithm displayed the predicted centers of laminae to illustrate the measurement.

Conclusion
The automatic algorithm measured the coronal curve angle with moderate accuracy but good reliability. The algorithm’s quick measurement time and interpretability can make ultrasound a more accessible imaging method for children with AIS. However, further improvements are needed to bring the method to clinical use.
Drug utilization pattern of romosozumab and other osteoporosis treatments in Japan, 2019–2021
Authors: Soen Satoshi , Wang Alex , Hamaya Etsuro , Chien Hsu-Chih , Lin Tzu-Chieh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Describe real-world treatment of osteoporosis and romosozumab treatment patterns in Japan.

Materials and methods
Data for patients initiating romosozumab or other antiosteoporotic medications between March 01, 2018, and May 31, 2022, were extracted from the Medical Data Vision (MDV) and Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) databases. Patients were categorized into four cohorts: those who newly initiated romosozumab within the first (MDV: n = 4782; JMDC: n = 2578) or second (MDV: n = 3888; JMDC: n = 2446) year after launch and those who initiated teriparatide (TPTD; MDV: n = 14,576; JMDC: n = 8259) or non-TPTD antiosteoporotic medications within the first year of romosozumab launch (MDV: n = 352,142; JMDC: n = 185,785).

Results
Mean age, sex, baseline cardiovascular history, comorbidities, and concomitant medications were similar across cohorts. In the MDV database, fracture history was higher in the romosozumab year-1 (59.3%), year-2 (64.1%), and TPTD (65.5%) cohorts versus the non-TPTD cohort (24.4%). Similar rates were identified in the JMDC database: romosozumab year-1 (64.7%), year-2 (66.6%), TPTD (67.5%), and non-TPTD (27.8%). Vertebral fractures were most common in all cohorts. 12-month romosozumab discontinuation varied between the year-1 and year-2 cohorts in MDV (62.4% and 58.8%) and JMDC (57.1% and 52.7%), whereas mean number of injections remained consistent (MDV: 9.7 and 9.8; JMDC: 7.3 and 7.8). Romosozumab persistence was lower in year-1 versus year-2 (MDV: 37.6% and 42.9%; JMDC: 41.2% and 47.3%).

Conclusion
Patients initiating romosozumab and TPTD had a high fracture history. Given the dual effects of promoting bone formation and suppressing resorption, improving romosozumab adherence and persistence over time may be important for antiosteoporotic therapy.
Weak Poissonian correlations
Authors: Hauke Manuel , Zafeiropoulos Agamemnon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe examine a property of sequences called Poissonian pair correlations with parameter $$0\leqslant \beta \leqslant 1$$

0
⩽
β
⩽
1

(abbreviated as $$\beta$$
β
-PPC). We prove that when $$\beta <1,$$

β
<
1
,

the property of $$\beta$$
β
-PPC, also known as weak Poissonian correlations, can be detected at the behaviour of sequences at small scales, and show that this does not happen for the classical notion of PPC, that is, when $$\beta = 1$$

β
=
1

. Furthermore, we show that whenever $$0\leqslant \alpha < \beta \leqslant 1$$

0
⩽
α
<
β
⩽
1

, $$\beta$$
β
-PPC is stronger than $$\alpha$$
α
-PPC. We also include a discussion on weak Poissonian correlations of higher orders, showing that for $$\beta < 1$$

β
<
1

, Poissonian $$\beta$$
β
-correlations of order $$k+1$$

k
+
1

imply Poissonian $$\beta$$
β
-correlations of k-th order with the same parameter $$\beta$$
β
.
Response to chemotherapy could predict the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) followed by surgery: long-term results in a single institute
Authors: Sato Yasuyoshi , Mori Kazuhiko , Atsumi Shinichiro , Sakamoto Kei , Oya Shuichiro , Okamoto Asami , Urabe Masayuki , Miwa Yoshiyuki , Yajima Shoh , Yagi Koichi , Nomura Sachiyo , Yamashita Hiroharu , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Preoperative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) followed by surgery has been considered a standard treatment for patients with stage II/III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) based on the results of a phase III trial (JCOG9907) in Japan. Subsequently, the phase III NExT trial (JCOG1109) revealed the survival benefit of the neoadjuvant DCF regimen, which adds docetaxel to FP, and it became a standard treatment. However, the long-term results and prognostic factors of neoadjuvant DCF therapy in the real world are unknown.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 50 patients with ESCC treated with neoadjuvant DCF therapy from July 2012 to December 2017 at The University of Tokyo Hospital.

Results
Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 32.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.0–NA] and 10.0 months (95% CI 6.3–15.6), respectively. Median OS [not reached (95% CI 31.5–NA) vs. 21.4 months (95% CI 13.5–33.0); p = 0.028] and PFS [83.3 months (95% CI 6.4–NA) vs. 7.4 months (95% CI 6.0–12.8] were significantly longer in patients with an objective response than in non-responders. Of 44 surgical cases, median PFS tended to be longer in pathological lymph node metastasis-negative patients. Conversely, survival did not differ according to cStage (II/III vs. IV) or the average relative dose intensity (ARDI, ≥ 85% vs. < 85%).

Discussion
The response to neoadjuvant DCF therapy could predict patient prognosis. Additionally, pN+ tended to increase the recurrence risk, whereas cStage and ARDI did not influence survival.