bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“THE ICECAP-SCM TELLS YOU MORE ABOUT WHAT I'M GOING THROUGH”—MEASURING THE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONGST PATIENTS RECEIVING SUPPORTIVE AND PALLIATIVE CARE
Authors: Coast Joanna , Bailey Cara , Orlando Rosanna , Armour Kathy , Perry Rachel , Jones Louise , Kinghorn Philip 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThe ICECAP Supportive Care Measure (ICECAP-SCM) is a self-complete questionnaire developed to rate quality towards the end of life, particularly for economic evaluation. It measures a person's capability to experience a good life and death.Aim(s) and method(s)The study aimed to determine the feasibility of completing ICECAP-SCM alongside EQ-5D-5L and ICECAP-A (measures commonly used for economic evaluation). Each measure was completed by hospice patients (n=33), close persons (n=22) and healthcare professionals (HCPs n=17) in a ‘think aloud’ semi-qualitative interview. Five raters identified the frequency of error (e.g. misunderstanding, poor memory) from interview transcripts. Qualitative data were analysed using constant comparison, focusing on issues affecting response.ResultsAmongst patients, fewest errors were identified for ICECAP-SCM (3.9%) and the most for EQ5D-5L (9.7%). Amongst close persons there were also fewest errors in the ICECAP-SCM (4.5%) compared to ICECAP-A (5.5%) and EQ-5D-5L (5.5%). HCPs had most errors for ICECAP-SCM (6.7%) and fewest for EQ-5D-5L (3.5%). Qualitative data suggested that HCPs found EQ-5D-5L easiest to answer because it focuses on health states which could be directly observed. The ICECAP-SCM, appeared more meaningful to patients near the end of life and close persons; it was also easier to complete.Conclusion(s)This paper provides insight into the meaning of quality of life for those approaching death, those close to them and those involved in their care. Complexities in disease trajectories and adaptation to poor health make quality of end of life difficult to measure. The ICECAP-SCM captures the subtleties required and may be useful in evaluating future palliative care interventions.
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS TO FUTURE CARE DISCUSSIONS WITH FAMILY MEMBERS OF CARE HOME RESIDENTS WITH ADVANCED DEMENTIA
Authors: Moore Kirsten J , Elliott Margaret , Kupeli Nuriye , Davis Sarah , Harrington Jane , Vickerstaff Victoria , Gola Anna , Candy Bridget , King Michael B , Leavey Gerard , Omar Rumana Z , Morris Steve , Nazareth Irwin , Sampson Elizabeth L , Jones Louise 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionDiscussion about care preferences and end of life wishes between family and staff on entry to a care home is an important predictor of family satisfaction with end of life care for residents with advanced dementia.Aim(s) and method(s)This paper aims to examine issues relating to end of life discussions with family members of residents with advanced dementia. Data were collected during piloting of the Compassion intervention that engaged an Interdisciplinary Care Leader (ICL) in two care homes and aimed to improve end of life care for residents with advanced dementia. Data included the ICL's reflective diary, time record and interviews with family carers, care home staff, GPs and other health professionals. The ICL assessed 30 residents with advanced dementia and had 37 conversations of at least 15 minutes with family members. Qualitative data were thematically analysed by two researchers.ResultsFamily members described not having discussed end of life care with healthcare professionals, despite interest in learning more. Nurses described lack of time and confidence as barriers to these discussions. While healthcare professionals described conflicts with family about goals of care, these barriers were not experienced by the ICL.Conclusion(s)This study identified a gap in provision of information and support for family members in decision making around end of life care. Findings suggest benefits of having a co-ordinator with dementia and end of life knowledge and communication skills, and who has adequate time to communicate with family to plan end of life care for the growing number of people who have dementia.
WHY IS INTEGRATED CARE NOT WORKING IN END OF LIFE CARE FOR THOSE WITH ADVANCED DEMENTIA? FROM THE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kupeli Nuriye , Sampson Elizabeth L , Harrington Jane , Moore Kirsten J , Elliott Margaret , Davis Sarah , Vickerstaff Victoria , Gola Anna , Candy Bridget , King Michael B , Omar Rumana Z , Morris Steve , Nazareth Irwin , Leavey Gerard , Jones Louise 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionIn line with the National Dementia Strategy (2009), a mixed methods programme was designed to develop and pilot a complex intervention to improve end of life care for people with advanced dementia. A facilitation-based model provided education, training and support to health care professionals (HCPs) creating an integrated, individualised and holistic service.Aim(s) and method(s)To inform the intervention development, we conducted a series of qualitative interviews to examine HCPs attitudes and knowledge regarding integrated care. A topic guide was used to interview 14 HCPs including commissioners, care home managers, nurses and health care assistants. We used a rigorous approach to data analysis (quality framework recommended by Spenceret al2003). Thematic analysis identified meaningful themes.ResultsInterviews revealed how shortfalls in different sectors providing care for this vulnerable population contribute to discontinuity of care. The main themes found to contribute to care fragmentation were care homes are business-driven establishments, conflictive relationships between HCPs, poor elements to good quality care and governmental factors. Additionally, the cardinal factors underlying care fragmentation are lack of staff and resources in care homes and hospitals and lack of funding from the local authority required for delivering good collaborative and integrated care.Conclusion(s)Health and social care services provided for those at the palliative stages of dementia receive fragmented care. Recommendations for utilising the volunteering sector and providing professional development opportunities for health care providers of this vulnerable population are discussed.
RESEARCH PRIORITY SETTING IN PALLIATIVE AND END OF LIFE CARE: THE JAMES LIND ALLIANCE APPROACH CONSULTING PATIENTS, CARERS AND CLINICIANS
Authors: Best S , Tate T , Noble B , Smith R , Tuft J , Tracey N , McCullugh A , Eley J , Black J , Stockton M , Cheesley A , Berry L , Burton C , Dechamps A , Stevens E , Penny A , McEnhill L , McNair A , Cupid B , Maeso B , Chapman D , McIlfatrick S , Nelson A , Sivell S , Baillie J , VanGodwin J , Candy B , Beaumont N , Cowan K 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThere can be a mismatch between what the public see as important unanswered questions and those which are actually researched. The Palliative and end of life care Priority Setting Partnership, facilitated by the James Lind Alliance (JLA), identified and prioritised questions about palliative and end of life care that people in the last years of life, current/bereaved carers and professionals feel are important for research to address.Aim(s) and method(s)A UK public survey (December 2013–April 2014) identified questions about support, care and treatment of people in the last years of life. Some 83 questions were formulated and prioritised via a second public survey. The resulting top 28 were prioritised in a workshop comprising patients, carers and clinicians to determine the top 10 research questions.Results1403 surveys were returned. Most respondents identified as bereaved family/friends and health or social care professionals. Respondents submitted a range of questions on services, communication, symptoms and perceptions of palliative care. 1331 respondents completed the second survey. In November 2014, 24 people participated in a workshop to prioritise the ‘top 10’ questions (using the Nominal Group Technique) which will be reported in January 2015.Responses that are ‘out of scope’ of the JLA protocol will be analysed and reported separately.Conclusion(s)The ‘top 10’ uncertainties will guide project partners' and other organisations' funding strategies, ensuring that future research is relevant to palliative care populations. We will discuss how the results of this project will guide the palliative and end of life care research agenda in future.
INCREASING COMPLEXITY AT THE END OF LIFE IN PEOPLE WHO DIED FROM CANCER AGED 85 YEARS OR OLDER, ENGLAND 2001–2012
Authors: Davies JM , Verne J , Higginson IJ , Gao W 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionCancer patients are dying at increasingly older age and with more coexisting conditions. A lack of knowledge about these conditions is hindering better end of life care planning, policy and care for this rapidly growing group.Aim(s) and method(s)Population-based observational study using death registry data in England, 2001–2012. All hospital deaths for people who died aged 85 or older from cancer were included for this study (N=121,921). The number and types of contributing causes of death (CCoD) are described by time periods (2001–2004, 2005–2008, 2009–2012).ResultsThe median number of CCoD for elderly people dying from cancer was 1.0 (range: 0 to 14). The range gradually increased over the study period (2001–2004 0–10; 2005–2008 0–13; 2009–2012 0–14).The majority (69.3%; 95%CI: 69.0%–69.6%) of elderly people dying from cancer in hospital had at least one CCoD recorded; 18.8% (95% CI: 18.6%–19.0%) had Pneumonia, 8.5% (95% CI: 8.3%–8.7%) Respiratory disease, 7.6% (95% CI: 7.5%–7.8%) Circulatory disease, 7.4% (95% CI: 7.3%–7.6%) Ischaemic heart disease, 27.6% (95% CI: 27.4%–27.9%) ‘Other’ conditions. The prevalence of each CCoD category increased from the earliest (2001–2004) to the latest (2009–2012) time period. This increase was greatest for Pneumonia (4.5%; 95% CI: 4.2%–4.8%) and smallest for Old age (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.7–1.2%) and Cerebrovascular disease (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.6%–1.2%).Conclusion(s)The increase in the number of contributing causes of death may represent an increased complexity in managing elderly people at the end of life. Further attention is needed on how palliative care and health care for the elderly can meet these challenges in the future.Acknowledgements:We thank Public Health England for funding this work, the Office for National Statistics for supplying the data.This work is part of the Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).
THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN A PALLIATIVE CARE RESEARCH CENTRE
Authors: Hopewell-Kelly N , Baillie J , Sivell S , Bowyer A , Thomas K , Prout H , Taylor S , Sampson C , Newman A , Nelson A 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionOnline communities are full of discussions about illness, death and dying and these communications are increasingly repositioned within research environments as sources of publically available data. As a palliative care research centre, we have been keen to embrace social media within our research work, however, with no definitive set of ethical or practical guidelines we have been unsure of how best to proceed. The centre thus initiated two consensus days to construct a workable, ethical framework for future research in the field.Aim(s) and method(s)Researchers within the centre, and two external experts in online research, met to focus on constructing a set of ethical guidelines. Issues of confidentiality, anonymity and informed consent were all discussed.ResultsA framework for social media research was constructed, the guiding principles include:Recruitment of participants should be transparent with adequate opportunity for participants to ask questions.Information sheets should be provided and be clear about confidentiality issues that are specific to online research.Consent should always be taken from participants for the use of their online communications as research data.Potential anonymity issues in dissemination of research must be highlighted to participants.The use of historical text is considered problematic and therefore not encouraged.Closed forums created specifically for research purposes are considered to be the most appropriate way to conduct online research.Conclusion(s)Social media has the potential to be of benefit to palliative care research; however, it is important that ethical principles in relation to this medium are fully considered, and guidelines in place, prior to the commencement of research.
IDENTIFYING HUMAN VARIANCES AND FUTURE PALLIATIVE CARE TRAINING NEEDS FOR NON-SPECIALIST HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Stewart C , Archer S , Bali A , Hay D 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThe General Medical Council and UK Department of Health both emphasise the importance of palliative care education and training for all healthcare professionals (HCPs), yet there are large variances in the implementation and provision of this training across the UK. Consequently, many junior doctors report feeling unprepared and unsupported with very little 'real life' experience of providing end of life care.Aim(s) and method(s)This study investigated the experiences of gynaecology HCPs when caring for patients with advanced disease, and aimed to identify educational variances and other barriers to the provision of palliative care in non­specialist settings. Individual semi­structured interviews were completed with 12 HCPs from the Gynaecology department of a large tertiary hospital. Interviews were audio­recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).ResultsFour superordinate themes were identified: (1) Discrepant Discourses (2) Relationships and Roles (3) Duties and Expectations (4) Healthcare Professionals as Emotional Beings. Key gaps in training were evident, with little focus on the psychosocial and human aspects of palliative care provision.ConclusionsWhen providing palliative care, staff may experience significant emotional trauma and long term psychological effects associated with feelings of failure, yet these issues are not commonly discussed or addressed in current practice. Increasing demands for palliative care mean that general physicians and surgeons will be increasingly involved in the care of patients at the end of life, and therefore compulsory, specifically tailored palliative care training needs to be introduced for all HCPs to prevent ongoing inequalities in care for patients managed in non-specialist settings.
CANCER CARERS MEDICINES MANAGEMENT: A FEASIBILITY TRIAL OF AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION FOR MANAGING END OF LIFE PAIN MEDICATION
Authors: Latter S , Hopkinson J , Lowson E , Richardson A , Hughes J , Duke S , Anstey S , Bennett M , May C , Smith P , Hughes J 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionFamily carers need support with managing end-of-life pain medicines, yet no UK research has developed and tested interventions to help with this.We have recently completed a Phase I-II feasibility study, funded by Dimbleby Marie Curie, to test a new intervention: Cancer Carer Medicines Management (CCMM).Aim(s) and method(s)To test the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of CCMM to improve carers' knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy for pain medicines management.Phase IWe used an incremental, multi-method approach to develop CCMM including a systematic review of interventions for carer end-of-life medicines management, interviews and action research workshops. Phase II: A two arm, cluster randomised feasibility trial of CCMM with outcomes at baseline, 1 and 4 weeks post-intervention and a qualitative sub-study of CCMM acceptability and trial methods, with carer interviews conducted 1 and 4 weeks post-intervention, and with nurses on study completion.ResultsPhase I enabled us to develop an evidence-based, clinically applicable intervention. In Phase II we recruited, randomised and trained nurses to use CCMM at two sites. 16 patient-carer dyads were recruited to the study; 8 dyads completed the study protocol. 10 of 12 study nurses took part in an interview. We will present results on study feasibility and acceptability including: the randomisation process; recruitment and attrition rates; key factors that promoted or inhibited routine utilization of CCMM by nurses and carers; and obstacles to the trial process.ConclusionsA newly developed intervention for carers was tested in a feasibility trial. Important lessons were learned to inform the design and evaluation of future research in this area.
Influence of microbial framework on Cryogenian microbial facies, Rasthof Formation, Namibia
Authors: Le Ber E. , Le Heron D. P. , Oxtoby N. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Rasthof Formation is a mid-Cryogenian cap carbonate succession deposited in Namibia following the Sturtian glaciation. It includes a microbial member, typically >100 m thick. This member exhibits contorted intervals, and is divisible into two informally defined units. The lower unit (microbial member 1: MM1) comprises thickly laminated microbialites (1–6 mm); the upper unit (MM2) is characterized by thinly laminated microbialites (sub-millimetre layering). Contortion of the microbialite deposits – a recurrent feature of this succession – is interpreted to result from soft-sediment deformation. Deformed intervals and styles range from metre- to decimetre-scale chaotic folds in MM1 to a few centimetre-scale, localized roll-up structures in MM2. Study of the microfacies of MM1 and MM2 reveals two essentially different architectures. In MM1 the microfacies is dominated by an alternation of thin micritic laminae with thicker cemented intervals; this probably gave less rigidity to the sediments than in MM2 where the laminated fabric is also present but connected vertically as well, forming a continuous framework. We suggest that the continuity of this framework limited the frequency and scale of soft-sediment deformation. In the Rasthof Formation, the microarchitecture is thus suggested to translate into different degrees of rigidity of the macrofacies.
Microbial carbonates: a sampling and measurement challenge for petrophysics addressed by capturing the bioarchitectural components
Authors: Corbett Patrick , Hayashi Felipe Yuji , Alves Michael Saad , Jiang Zeyun , Wang Haitao , Demyanov Vasily , Machado Alessandra , Borghi Leonardo , Srivastava Narendra 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ancient and modern stromatolites are potentially a challenge for petrophysicists when characterizing biosediments of microbial origin. Because of the heterogeneity, sometimes very cemented and lacking porosity, sometimes highly porous, these widely differing states can be used to develop techniques that can have wider application to addressing the representative elementary volume (REV – single or multiple REVs) challenge in microbial carbonates. Effective media properties – like porosity – need to be defined on REV scales and the challenge is that this scale is often close to or significantly larger than the traditional core plugs on which properties are traditionally measured. A combination of outcrop images, image analysis techniques, micro-computed tomography (CT) and modelling have been used to capture the porosity (or in some cases, precursor porosity) architecture and provide a framework for estimating petrophysical property sensitivities in a range of situations that can be subjected to further calibration by measurements in relevant microbial reservoir rocks. This work will help guide the sampling approach along with the interpretation and use of petrophysical measurements from microbial carbonates. The bioarchitectural component, when controlling porosity in microbial carbonates, presents a significant challenge as the REV scale is often much larger than core plugs, requiring careful screening of existing data and measurement and additional geostatistical model-based approaches (with further calibration).
Attractor of Beam Equation with Structural Damping under Nonlinear Boundary Conditions
Authors: Wang Danxia , Zhang Jianwen , Wang Yinzhu , Zhang Sufang 
Published: February 2015

Simultaneously, considering the viscous effect of material, damping of medium, and rotational inertia, we study a kind of more general Kirchhoff-type extensible beam equationutt-uxxtt+uxxxx-σ(∫0l‍(ux)2dx)uxx-ϕ(∫0l‍(ux)2dx)uxxt=q(x), in [0,L]×R+with the structural damping and the rotational inertia term. Little attention is paid to the longtime behavior of the beam equation under nonlinear boundary conditions. In this paper, under nonlinear boundary conditions, we prove not only the existence and uniqueness of global solutions by prior estimates combined with some inequality skills, but also the existence of a global attractor by the existence of an absorbing set and asymptotic compactness of corresponding solution semigroup. In addition, the same results also can be proved under the other nonlinear boundary conditions.
Efficacy of Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention Following Lacunar Stroke
Authors: Kwok Chun Shing , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Copley Hannah Charlotte , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Loke Yoon K. , Benavente Oscar R. 
Published: February 2015

Background and Purpose—
Lacunar stroke accounts for ≈25% of ischemic stroke, but optimal antiplatelet regimen to prevent stroke recurrence remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in secondary stroke prevention after a lacunar stroke.

Methods—

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library for randomized controlled trials that reported risk of recurrent stroke or death with antiplatelet therapy in patients with lacunar stroke. We used random effects meta-analysis and evaluated heterogeneity with
I
2
.

Results—
We included 17 trials with 42 234 participants (mean age 64.4 years, 65% male) and follow up ranging from 4 weeks to 3.5 years. Compared with placebo, any single antiplatelet agent was associated with a significant reduction in recurrence of any stroke (risk ratio [RR] 0.77, 0.62–0.97, 2 studies) and ischemic stroke (RR 0.48, 0.30–0.78, 2 studies), but not for the composite outcome of any stroke, myocardial infarction, or death (RR 0.89, 0.75–1.05, 2 studies). When other antiplatelet agents (ticlodipine, cilostazol, and dipyridamole) were compared with aspirin, there was no consistent reduction in stroke recurrence (RR 0.91, 0.75–1.10, 3 studies). Dual antiplatelet therapy did not confer clear benefit over monotherapy (any stroke RR 0.83, 0.68–1.00, 3 studies; ischemic stroke RR 0.80, 0.62–1.02, 3 studies; composite outcome RR 0.90, 0.80–1.02, 3 studies).

Conclusions—
Our results suggest that any of the single antiplatelet agents compared with placebo in the included trials is adequate for secondary stroke prevention after lacunar stroke. Dual antiplatelet therapy should not be used for long-term stroke prevention in this stroke subtype.
The Reception of Bartolomeo Bermejo’s Saint Augustine
Authors: Bokelman Doot 
Published: February 2015

The Art Institute of Chicago’s St. Augustine (oil on panel) is a universally accepted work by the Spanish artist Bartolome Bermejo. Painted around 1475, the writing saint has been identified as various Benedictine saints and St. Augustine, but these proposals are problematic because they do not take into account all of the iconographic elements within the panel or early Renaissance liturgical practices.
This essay will examine the many iconographic details of the panel and consider the surviving archival materials, including an original contract for an ecclesiastically similar figure, Sto. Domingo de Silos by Bermejo. Uncommon ecclesiastical circumstances of Sto. Domingo de Silos in Daraco found in a papal document mirror those found in St. Benedict’s foundation in Monte Cassino. These iconogaphic and textual studies in coordination with an understanding of contemporary liturgical and Benedictine practices will reveal that St. Benedict is the single figure whose personal and ecclesiastical life most closely corresponds to the evidence in the Chicago panel.