bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations of the postgeniculate visual pathway
Authors: Bowden Greg , Kano Hideyuki , Caparosa Ellen , Tonetti Daniel , Niranjan Ajay , Monaco Edward A. , Flickinger John , Arai Yoshio , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
A visual field deficit resulting from the management of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) significantly impacts a patient's quality of life. The present study was designed to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) performed for AVMs involving the postgeniculate visual pathway.

METHODS
In this retrospective single-institution analysis, the authors reviewed their experience with Gamma Knife surgery for postgeniculate visual pathway AVMs performed during the period between 1987 and 2009.

RESULTS
During the study interval, 171 patients underwent SRS for AVMs in this region. Forty-one patients (24%) had a visual deficit prior to SRS. The median target volume was 6.0 cm3 (range 0.4–22 cm3), and 19 Gy (range 14–25 Gy) was the median margin dose. Obliteration of the AVM was confirmed in 80 patients after a single SRS procedure at a median follow-up of 74 months (range 5–297 months). The actuarial rate of total obliteration was 67% at 4 years. Arteriovenous malformations with a volume < 5 cm3 had obliteration rates of 60% at 3 years and 79% at 4 years. The delivered margin dose proved significant given that 82% of patients receiving ≥ 22 Gy had complete obliteration. The AVM was completely obliterated in an additional 18 patients after they underwent repeat SRS. At a median of 25 months (range 11–107 months) after SRS, 9 patients developed new or worsened visual field deficits. One patient developed a complete homonymous hemianopia, and 8 patients developed quadrantanopias. The actuarial risk of sustaining a new visual deficit was 3% at 3 years, 5% at 5 years, and 8% at 10 years. Fifteen patients had hemorrhage during the latency period, resulting in death in 9 of the patients. The annual hemorrhage rate during the latency interval was 2%, and no hemorrhages occurred after confirmed obliteration.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite an overall treatment mortality of 5%, related to latency interval hemorrhage, SRS was associated with only a 5.6% risk of new visual deficit and a final obliteration rate close to 80% in patients with AVMs of the postgeniculate visual pathway.
Short pressure reactivity index versus long pressure reactivity index in the management of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lang Erhard W. , Kasprowicz Magdalena , Smielewski Peter , Santos Edgar , Pickard John , Czosnyka Marek 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
The pressure reactivity index (PRx) correlates with outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is used to calculate optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt). The PRx is a correlation coefficient between slow, spontaneous changes (0.003–0.05 Hz) in intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). A novel index—the so-called long PRx (L-PRx)—that considers ABP and ICP changes (0.0008–0.008 Hz) was proposed.

METHODS
The authors compared PRx and L-PRx for 6-month outcome prediction and CPPopt calculation in 307 patients with TBI. The PRx- and L-PRx–based CPPopt were determined and the predictive power and discriminant abilities were compared.

RESULTS
The PRx and L-PRx correlation was good (R = 0.7, p < 0.00001; Spearman test). The PRx, age, CPP, and Glasgow Coma Scale score but not L-PRx were significant fatal outcome predictors (death and persistent vegetative state). There was a significant difference between the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves calculated for PRx and L-PRx (0.61 ± 0.04 vs 0.51 ± 0.04; z-statistic = −3.26, p = 0.011), which indicates a better ability by PRx than L-PRx to predict fatal outcome. The CPPopt was higher for L-PRx than for PRx, without a statistical difference (median CPPopt for L-PRx: 76.9 mm Hg, interquartile range [IQR] ± 10.1 mm Hg; median CPPopt for PRx: 74.7 mm Hg, IQR ± 8.2 mm Hg). Death was associated with CPP below CPPopt for PRx (χ2 = 30.6, p < 0.00001), and severe disability was associated with CPP above CPPopt for PRx (χ2 = 7.8, p = 0.005). These relationships were not statistically significant for CPPopt for L-PRx.

CONCLUSIONS
The PRx is superior to the L-PRx for TBI outcome prediction. Individual CPPopt for L-PRx and PRx are not statistically different. Deviations between CPP and CPPopt for PRx are relevant for outcome prediction; those between CPP and CPPopt for L-PRx are not. The PRx uses the entire B-wave spectrum for index calculation, whereas the L-PRX covers only one-third of it. This may explain the performance discrepancy.
Therapie des Patienten mit Radioiod-refraktärem, differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Dierneder J. , Pall G. , Pirich C. , Hoffmann M. , Raderer M. , Becherer A. , Niederle B. , Lipp R. , Lind P. , Gallowitsch H. , Romeder F. , Virgolini I. , Lindner C. 
Published: November 2014

ZusammenfassungFür die Therapie eines Patienten mit Radioiod- refraktärem, differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom sind zurzeit keine klaren Standards definiert. Mit dem kürzlich in dieser Indikation zugelassenen Multitarget-Kinase - inhibitor Sorafenib ist die therapeutische Landschaft erweitert worden.Ein interdisziplinäres Experten-Panel bestehend aus endokrinen Chirurgen, internistischen Onkologen und Nuklearmedizinern hat Empfehlungen für die Definition und das Vorgehen bei Radioiod-refraktären Karzinomen erarbeitet.
La stratégie syndicale d'une « transition juste » vers une économie durable
Authors: Felli Romain , Stevis Dimitris 
Published: November 2014

Romain Felli et Dimitris Stevis retracent l’origine de la stratégie de « transition juste », que l’on trouve désormais très présente dans les prises de position syndicales, de l’échelle internationale à l’échelle locale (nationale). Ce mot d’ordre rappelle qu’en matière de transition écologique les changements peuvent tout à fait ne pas être « justes », les patrons peuvent par exemple utiliser le chantage à l’emploi pour obtenir des conditions de travail dégradées, au motif de l’écologie. Les auteurs mettent enfin en évidence l’existence de trois grandes stratégies syndicales, face à la question écologique : faire entendre la voix des travailleurs, défendre le rôle de l’État, perçu comme porteur de meilleures conditions de travail, et en appeler à un changement des modes de vie.
A Randomized Study Comparing the Efficacy of Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab as Pre-treatment for Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Pakzad-Vaezi Kaivon , Albiani David A. , Kirker Andrew W. , Merkur Andrew B. , Kertes Peter J. , Eng Kenneth T. , Fallah Nader , Forooghian Farzin 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To compare intravitreal bevacizumab versus ranibizumab as adjuvant treatment prior to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with respect to parameters of surgical complexity.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Prospective, randomized, double-masked pilot study of patients requiring PPV for nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment (TRD) secondary to PDR. Patients were randomized to receive either intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab at standard doses 1 week preoperatively. Measured parameters included total surgical time, presence of TRD, intraoperative bleeding, iatrogenic retinal breaks, and use of endolaser and endodiathermy or silicone oil.RESULTS:A total of 29 patients were recruited. For surgical parameters, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the univariate analyses. Multivariable analysis showed no statistically significant difference for total surgical time.CONCLUSION:This pilot study suggests that intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab are equivalent as surgical adjuvants when used as pre-treatment in patients with PDR undergoing PPV.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014;45:521–524.]
Real-Time, Computer-Assisted Quantification of Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity at the Bedside
Authors: Cabrera Michelle T. , Freedman Sharon F. , Hartnett Mary Elizabeth , Stinnett Sandra S. , Chen Bei Bei , Wallace David K. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Plus disease is the primary indication for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment, but in borderline cases ophthalmologists may struggle to judge whether it is present. ROPtool is a semi-automated computer program that objectively assesses plus disease by measuring retinal vascular tortuosity and width. This study determined ROPtool’s bedside diagnostic accuracy concurrent with ROP screening.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
ROP screening examinations were recorded using Keeler video indirect ophthalmoscopy. A masked operator traced images in ROPtool at the bedside, comparing ROPtool’s plus diagnosis to the examiner’s clinical judgment.

RESULTS:
Four hundred sixty-four examinations (129 eyes of 65 infants) were performed. ROPtool’s sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for plus diagnosis was 71% (CI: 38%–100%), 93% (CI: 89%–98%) and 0.87, and for pre-plus or worse was 68% (CI: 51%–85%), 82% (CI: 77%–86%) and 0.81, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
ROPtool can provide a real-time second opinion of plus disease at the bedside. Image enhancement technologies may further improve ROPtool’s diagnostic accuracy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:542–548.]
Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Tertiary Ophthalmology Department in Turkey: Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors
Authors: Cerman Eren , Balci Sevcan Yildiz , Yenice Ozlem Sahin , Kazokoglu Haluk , Celiker Hande , Eraslan Muhsin 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the number of preterm infants requiring treatment for ROP, and the factors influencing the development of ROP requiring treatment in a Turkish population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Data on 1,252 infants who were screened for ROP in an ophthalmology department were retrospectively reviewed. Infants with a gestational age (GA) of no more than 28 weeks (n = 157) were designated group 1, those between 29 and 32 weeks (n = 572) were assigned to group 2, and those between 33 and 37 weeks (n = 523) were assigned to group 3.

RESULTS:
In group 1, ROP was detected in 70.0% of infants, 17.8% of whom required therapy. In group 2, ROP was detected in 41.4%, and 4.0% of those required therapy. In group 3, 18.1% were diagnosed with ROP, with 0.8% requiring treatment.

CONCLUSION:
Retinopathy of prematurity occurs, even among more mature infants, at a frequency that merits astute screening within parameters that reflect socioeconomic differences that appear to have an effect on the incidence.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:550–555.]
25-Gauge Pars Plana Lensectomy With Vitrectomy
Authors: Sigler Eric J. , Calzada Jorge I. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe a technique of 25-gauge pars plana lensectomy with primary posterior capsulotomy and sparing of the anterior lens capsule that is suitable for all lens densities.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The authors describe a technique they routinely employ for pars plana vitrectomy using primarily a 25-gauge, three-port approach with intraoperative lens density assessment and possible fragmatome use for dense lenses. An analysis of the ability to achieve surgical goals is provided.

RESULTS:
Surgical goals were achieved in all 68 cases performed during an 18-month period. Anterior lens capsule was consistently spared, and 25-gauge fluidics functioned well even in the presence of a fragmatome and single 20-gauge sclerotomy.

CONCLUSION:
25-gauge pars plana lensectomy with vitrectomy with and without fragmatome incision is an efficacious technique for lensectomy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:570–572.]
Minimal In Situ Conjunctival Incision for Segmental Scleral Buckling Surgery
Authors: Jin Haiying , Zhang Qi , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To introduce a modified technique for minimal segmental buckling through a small in situ conjunctival opening for minimally invasive repair of uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This technique was performed in 46 eyes of 46 patients with primary retinal detachment. Transconjunctival traction sutures were placed in four rectus muscles after retrobulbar anesthesia was administered. After transconjunctival location of the retinal break, a 5- to 6-mm radial conjunctival incision was performed corresponding to the retinal break without cutting the limbal conjunctiva–Tenon’s capsule. After cryopexy, a minimal explant was fixed with one to two sutures through the conjunctival opening, expanded by a pediatric speculum. The incision was closed via layered closure.

RESULTS:
Retinal reattachments were achieved with correct buckle positions in all 46 cases, with rapid cosmetic recovery.

CONCLUSION:
This modified minimal segmental buckling technique simplifies the buckling procedure, minimizes surgical invasiveness, and preserves an intact limbal conjunctiva.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:574–576.]
Sialylation of N-Linked Glycans Influences the Immunomodulatory Effects of IgM on T Cells
Authors: Colucci Manuela , Stöckmann Henning , Butera Alessia , Masotti Andrea , Baldassarre Antonella , Giorda Ezio , Petrini Stefania , Rudd Pauline M. , Sitia Roberto , Emma Francesco , Vivarelli Marina 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Human serum IgM Abs are composed of heavily glycosylated polymers with five glycosylation sites on the μ (heavy) chain and one glycosylation site on the J chain. In contrast to IgG glycans, which are vital for a number of biological functions, virtually nothing is known about structure–function relationships of IgM glycans. Natural IgM is the earliest Ig produced and recognizes multiple Ags with low affinity, whereas immune IgM is induced by Ag exposure and is characterized by a higher Ag specificity. Natural anti-lymphocyte IgM is present in the serum of healthy individuals and increases in inflammatory conditions. It is able to inhibit T cell activation, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not understood. In this study, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that sialylated N-linked glycans induce the internalization of IgM by T cells, which in turn causes severe inhibition of T cell responses. The absence of sialic acid residues abolishes these inhibitory activities, showing a key role of sialylated N-glycans in inducing the IgM-mediated immune suppression.
Divine Cruelty and Rhetorical Violence
Authors: Bernard-Donals Michael 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article examines the extent to which the divine marks the extremity of the address that compels us as subjects. If the call of the divine is what makes us subjects, then the subject's relation to the divine is by definition a relation of violence, a violence that simply is constitutive of the human predicament. After tracing out this displacement, I take up the characteristics of the human-divine relation and what that relation looks like in specifically rhetorical terms by examining Caryl Churchill's play Seven Jewish Children, which illustrates the way that humans are structured by their relation to divine violence. I conclude by suggesting that paying closer attention to the human-divine relation allows us to see writing not as a refuge—a field or locus—but as a means of interrupting fields, orthodoxies, methodologies, and identities.
The Race to Fill the Blanks: On (Animal) Testing in Science Fiction
Authors: Rickels Laurence A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In systems of meaning that run on a regular setting, allegory is about filling in the blanks that disclose the “other story.” In the modern setting that Walter Benjamin tracked (back to the seventeenth century), allegory must turn significance out of the blank itself, working the blank as a turning point for drawing the reading onward. The “psy-fi” genre is the hub where bona fide science fictions, documentations of psychosis (memoirs and psychiatric and psychoanalytic studies), and tracts on mass psychology or psychological warfare, meet and cross over toward the evolution of new norms. Is it possible to construe a series of references in works of the “psy-fi” genre to Zeno's paradox of a con-test involving human and animal subjects as allegory of the test situation in which blanks secure the last or new step, which ultimately is taken toward mourning, the final frontier? Yes.
Second Finitude, or the Technics of Address: A Response
Authors: Wolfe Cary 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis response article argues that the question of “extrahuman relations” obtains on not just one level but two. It is not just a question of our relations to nonhuman forms of life—such as, for example, the embodiment and finitude we share with other beings. It's also a question of a second form of finitude that obtains in our prosthetic subjection to any semiotic system whatsoever that makes possible “our” concepts, “our” recognition and articulation of our “nonhuman relations” in the first place. By examining the bird poems of Wallace Stevens, I demonstrate that with the question of extrahuman relations we are always talking, in other words, not about a thematics but about a technics of address.
Effectiveness of different removal methods of artificially demineralized dentin
Authors: Ferraz Camila , Thé Patrícia Lima , Mendonça Juliano Sartori , Fernandes Carlos Augusto , Rodrigues Lidiany Karla Azevedo , Yamauti Monica 
Published: November 2014

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different mechanical methods for the removal of demineralized dentin. Methods: Healthy human third molars were prepared in such a way that the flat occlusal surfaces of the dentin were exposed and longitudinally sectioned in a vestibular-lingual direction. One section of each tooth was submitted to the pH-cycling model, while the other section was kept intact. The tooth sections were joined, and a single operator performed dentin removal using a steel bur, a hand instrument,or a polymer bur. The tooth’s sections were then separated, and digital images were obtained. The depth of the prepared cavities and the microhardness measurements were checked and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA in Ranks, the Tukey test, while desmineralized dentin were compared using the One-Way ANOVA, and the Holm-Sidak method (p < 0.05). Results: The steel bur produced the deepest cavities in mineralized and demineralized dentin. The polymer bur generated the shallowest cavitiesin demineralized dentin. The measurements of microhardness of the deepest surfaces of the cavities prepared in demineralized dentin indicated that the steel bur and hand instrument presented similar values, while those values produced by polymer burs proved to be lower. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the removal of demineralized dentin varied among the three methods used in this study. The polymer bur proved to be the most conservative of the methods used. By contrast, the steel bur and hand instrument showed a similareffectiveness in the removal of dentin, according to the microhardness of the remaining dentin, even though they produced different cavity depths.Uniterms: Tooth demineralization. Dental cavity preparation. Hardness tests.INTRODUCTION Caries is a dynamic process of demineralizationand remineralization that can lead to lesion formation in enamel and dentin. Fusayama, Okuse, Hosoda (1966)1 described two layers of carious dentin: (1)the outer carious dentin (or caries-infected dentin), which is contaminated with bacteria and in which the collagen fibers are degraded and cannot beremineralized; and (2) the inner carious dentin (socalled caries-affected dentin), which is bacteria-free with limited denaturation of the collagen and whichcan be remineralized. The conventional dentistry approach to cariestreatment has been surgery, removing diseased tissue and replacing it with a dental restorative material. This approach was deemed necessary given ourteam’s understanding of the disease process and the limitations of available materials2. Mechanical caries removal traditionally involves the use ofconventional tungsten carbide
A integralidade, a partir do acolhimento, nas práticas de ensino clínico em uma faculdade de Odontologia
Authors: Costa Giselle Cabral da , Sanchez Heriberto Fiuza , Gomes Viviane Elisângela , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte 
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar o acolhimento na prática assistencial e no projeto pedagógico de um curso de Odontologia. Materiais e métodos: Este estudo foi realizado por metodologia qualitativa, tendo como sujeitos da pesquisa alunos e usuários da instituição, utilizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas, examinadas a partir daanálise do conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o acolhimento está relacionado à disponibilidade de vagas aos usuários, ao relacionamento entre os membros da equipe e em relação à referência e contra referência dos usuários. O acolhimento na prática clínica não apresenta solidez. Conceitos e reflexões acerca do tema permearam os discursos, mas as práticas são principalmente conservadoras e antigas. Conclusão: O acolhimento como atributo da integralidade da atenção ainda é um conceito em construção, uma reflexão que ainda não se concretizou. Observa-se a convivência de elementos a conquistar e alguns já em curso. É necessário que a prática do acolhimento seja objeto de discussão maior na faculdade, teorizando-a e tornando-a uma realidade de modo que todos os segmentos a percebam.Descritores: Educação em Odontologia. Acolhimento. Pesquisa qualitativa.
Maus-tratos na infância e adolescência: conhecimento e atitude de profissionais de saúde
Authors: Massoni Andreza Cristina de Lima Targino , Almeida Maria Aldenize Neves Freitas , Martins Cássio Gadelha , Firmino Ramon Targino , Garcia Ana Flávia Granville- 
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde cadastrados na equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) do município de Patos, PB, sobre os casos suspeitos de maus-tratos na infância e na adolescência. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com 200 profissionais que responderam a um questionário sobre o tema investigado. Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando-se o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato deFisher (p<0,05). Resultados: A maioria dos profissionais afirmou ter conhecimento sobre a violência contra a criança (85,0%), considerou-se apto a diagnosticar casos de maus-tratos (67,5%), bem como, declarou saberagir diante de um caso suspeito (76,5%), sendo a denúncia ao Conselho Tutelar a conduta mais relatada (49,0%). Os profissionais com ensino superior, quando comparado aos profissionais com até o ensino técnico, apresentaram melhor desempenho no tocante ao conhecimento dos principais sinais de maus-tratos infantis (p=0,001), além de uma conduta mais favorável no que concerne a não omissão em reportar algum caso suspeito (p=0,010). Este mesmo grupo recebeu mais informações sobre os maus-tratos durante a formaçãoprofissional (p=0,010). O interesse em participar de Cursos de Capacitação sobre o tema foi maior por parte daqueles com formação até o ensino técnico (p=0,002). Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde apresentaram conhecimentos satisfatórios sobre o tema, observando-se um melhor desempenho por parte daqueles com formação superior. Comentários dos participantes denotaram interesse pelo assunto, bem como vontade de capacitar-se sobre o tema. Destaca-se, portanto, a necessidade de uma maior inclusão deste tema na formação dos profissionais, especialmente naqueles com escolaridade até o ensino técnico.Descritores: Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas em saúde. Maus-tratos infantis.