bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatitis in cats
Authors: Bazelle Julien , Watson Penny 
Published: May 2014

Practical relevance: Pancreatitis is a frequent finding in cats, the chronic form being more common than the acute form. Despite the large number of diseases or conditions that may be associated with feline pancreatitis, in most cases no cause is diagnosed and the pancreatitis is said to be idiopathic. The chronic form can be mild and asymptomatic, and has a high prevalence in apparently healthy cats. This has generated debate concerning the clinical significance of chronic feline pancreatitis. However, several reports have demonstrated the severity of clinical signs in certain forms of acute feline pancreatitis, while other studies have reported a strong association between chronic pancreatitis and the development of comorbidities such as hepatic lipidosis, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This suggests that feline pancreatitis should not be overlooked. Clinical challenges: Diagnosis of feline pancreatitis is complicated by the non-specific clinical signs and poor diagnostic value of basic biochemistry and haematology or imaging techniques. Development of a feline-specific pancreatic lipase immunoassay has improved our diagnostic ability in the past decade, but may have more limited application for mild and chronic forms of pancreatitis. Moreover, histopathology (the ‘gold standard’ diagnostic test) can be associated with false-negative results due to multifocal distribution of lesions or mild forms of the disease. With respect to treatment, it is important to take into account the idiosyncrasies of the feline species when considering medical therapies. Evidence base: This article reviews the literature on feline pancreatitis, focusing on the different forms and their relative clinical significance, while explaining difficulties inherent in the diagnosis of this disease. An overview of current recommendations for the management of cats with pancreatitis is also provided.
Systematic review of new medics’ clinical task experience by country
Authors: Kamau Caroline 
Published: May 2014

Objectives There is a need for research which informs on the overall size and significance of clinical skills deficits among new medics, globally. There is also the need for a meta-review of the similarities and differences between countries in the clinical skills deficits of new medics. Design A systematic review of published literature produced 68 articles from Google/Google Scholar, of which nine met the inclusion criteria (quantitative clinical skills data about new medical doctors). Participants One thousand three hundred twenty-nine new medical doctors (e.g. foundation year-1s, interns, postgraduate year-1 doctors). Setting Ten countries/regions. Main outcome measures One hundred twenty-three data points and representation of a broad range of clinical procedures. Results The average rate of inexperience with a wide range of clinical procedures was 35.92% (lower confidence interval [CI] 30.84, upper CI 40.99). The preliminary meta-analysis showed that the overall deficit in experience is significantly different from 0 in all countries. Focusing on a smaller selection of clinical skills such as catheterisation, IV cannulation, nasogastric tubing and venepuncture, the average rate of inexperience was 26.75% (lower CI 18.55, upper CI 35.54) and also significant. England presented the lowest average deficit (9.15%), followed by New Zealand (18.33%), then South Africa (19.53%), Egypt, Kuwait, Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Ireland (21.07%), after which was Nigeria (37.99%), then USA (38.5%) and Iran (44.75%). Conclusion A meta-analysis is needed to include data not yet in the public domain from more countries. These results provide some support for the UK General Medical Council’s clear, detailed curriculum, which has been heralded by other countries as good practice.
Novel activating mutations lacking cysteine in type I cytokine receptors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Shochat Chen , Tal Noa , Gryshkova Vitalina , Birger Yehudit , Bandapalli Obul R. , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Gershman Nava , Kulozik Andreas E. , Biondi Andrea , Mansour Marc R. , Twizere Jean-Claude , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Ben-Tal Nir , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Bercovich Dani , Izraeli Shai 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Gain-of-function somatic mutations introducing cysteines to either the extracellular or to the transmembrane domain (TMD) in interleukin-7 receptor α (IL7R) or cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) have been described in acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Here we report noncysteine in-frame mutations in IL7R and CRLF2 located in a region of the TMD closer to the cytosolic domain. Biochemical and functional assays showed that these are activating mutations conferring cytokine-independent growth of progenitor lymphoid cells in vitro and are transforming in vivo. Protein fragment complementation assays suggest that despite the absence of cysteines, the mechanism of activation is through ligand-independent dimerization. Mutagenesis experiments and ConSurf calculations suggest that the mutations stabilize the homodimeric conformation, positioning the cytosolic kinases in predefined orientation to each other, thereby inducing spontaneous receptor activation independently of external signals. Hence, type I cytokine receptors may be activated in leukemia through 2 types of transmembrane somatic dimerizing mutations.
A preparation approach of exploring cluster ion implantation: from ultra-thin carbon film to graphene
Authors: Wang Zesong , Zhang Zaodi , Zhang Rui , Li Hui , Fu Dejun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Based on the extensive application of 2 × 1.7MV Tandetron accelerator, a low-energy cluster chamber has been built to explore for synthesizing graphene. Raman spectrum and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that an amorphous carbon film in nanometer was deposited on the silicon by C4 cluster implantation. And we replaced the substrate with Ni/SiO2/Si and measured the thickness of Ni film by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Combined with suitable anneal conditions, these samples implanted by various small carbon clusters were made to grow graphene. Results from Raman spectrum reveal that few-layer graphene were obtained and discuss whether I
G/I
2D can contribute to explain the relationship between the number of graphene layers and cluster implantation dosage.

PACS: 29.20.-c; 29.25.Ni; 81.05.-t
Strong convergence of approximated iterations for asymptoticallypseudocontractive mappings
Authors: Yao Yonghong , Postolache Mihai , Kang Shin Min 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The asymptotically nonexpansive mappings have been introduced by Goebel and Kirkin 1972. Since then, a large number of authors have studied the weak and strongconvergence problems of the iterative algorithms for such a class of mappings.It is well known that the asymptotically nonexpansive mappings is a propersubclass of the class of asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings. In thepresent paper, we devote our study to the iterative algorithms for finding thefixed points of asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Wesuggest an iterative algorithm and prove that it converges strongly to the fixedpoints of asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings.

MSC: 47J25, 47H09, 65J15.
Rare case of exogenous Candida dubliniensis endophthalmitis: a case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: McMillan Brian Douglas , Miller Gary James , Nguyen John 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background

Candida dubliniensis is a recently described opportunistic fungal pathogen that rarely infects the eye. Reported cases of C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis have been of endogenous etiology and demonstrated recovery of visual acuity with timely treatment. We herein report an unusual case of severe C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis requiring enucleation.

Findings
This is a retrospective, descriptive case report with a brief literature review. A 41-year-old Caucasian man, with a history of blunt trauma 8 months prior, presented to the emergency department with left eye pain and loss of vision 2 days after complicated cataract surgery. He was first evaluated by an outside ophthalmologist 3 months after trauma for left eye pain and progressive vision loss. He was found to have light perception vision with non-granulomatous anterior uveitis but no sign of ruptured globe. A dense cataract developed while he was treated with topical and subtenon's corticosteroids for which he underwent cataract surgery. Our examination revealed no light perception vision with a relative afferent pupillary defect, elevated intraocular pressure, moderate anterior chamber reaction, pupillary membrane, vitritis, and choroidal thickening on B-scan ultrasonography. Diagnostic vitrectomy revealed purulent vitreal debris, retinal detachment with severe retinal necrosis, and choroidal infiltrates. Operative fungal cultures grew C. dubliniensis. Despite intravitreal and systemic anti-fungal treatment, vision and pain did not improve, resulting in subsequent enucleation.

Conclusion

C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis is uncommonly encountered and typically has reasonable visual outcomes. This is the first reported case of C. dubliniensis, likely exogenous endophthalmitis, resulting in enucleation, illustrating the potential virulence of this newly described organism.
Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of some new[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one derivatives
Authors: Alipour Eskandar , Mousavi Zinatsadat , Safaei Zahra , Pordeli Mahboobeh , Safavi Maliheh , Firoozpour Loghman , Mohammadhosseini Negar , Saeedi Mina , Ardestani Sussan Kabudanian , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Homoisoflavonoids are naturally occurring compounds belong to flavonoid classes possessing various biological properties such as cytotoxicity. In this work, an efficient strategy for the synthesis of novel homoisoflavonoids, [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-ones, was developed and all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on three breast cancer cell lines.

Methods
Our synthetic route started from benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ol which was reacted with 3-bromopropanoic acid followed by the reaction of oxalyl chloride to afford 6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one. The aldol condensation of the later compound with aromatic aldehydes led to the formation of the title compounds. Five novel derivatives 4a-e were tested for their cytotoxic activity against three human breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 using the MTT assay.

Results
Among the synthesized compounds, 7-benzylidene-6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one (4a) exhibited the highest activity against three cell lines. Also the analysis of acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining results revealed that 7-benzylidene-6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one (4a) and 7-(2-methoxybenzylidene)-6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one (4b) induced apoptosis in T47D cell line.

Conclusion
Finally, the effect of methoxy group on the cytotoxicity of compounds 4b-4d was investigated in and it was revealed that it did not improve the activity of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-ones against MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231.
Time from admission to initiation of surgery for source control is a critical determinant of survival in patients with gastrointestinal perforation with associated septic shock
Authors: Azuhata Takeo , Kinoshita Kosaku , Kawano Daisuke , Komatsu Tomonori , Sakurai Atsushi , Chiba Yasutaka , Tanjho Katsuhisa 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
We developed a protocol to initiate surgical source control immediately after admission (early source control) and perform initial resuscitation using early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) for gastrointestinal (GI) perforation with associated septic shock. This study evaluated the relationship between the time from admission to initiation of surgery and the outcome of the protocol.

Methods
This examination is a prospective observational study and involved 154 patients of GI perforation with associated septic shock. We statistically analyzed the relationship between time to initiation of surgery and 60-day outcome, examined the change in 60-day outcome associated with each 2 hour delay in surgery initiation and determined a target time for 60-day survival.

Results
Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that time to initiation of surgery (hours) was significantly associated with 60-day outcome (Odds ratio (OR), 0.31; 95% Confidence intervals (CI)), 0.19-0.45; P <0.0001). Time to initiation of surgery (hours) was selected as an independent factor for 60-day outcome in multiple logistic regression analysis (OR), 0.29; 95% CI, 0.16-0.47; P <0.0001). The survival rate fell as surgery initiation was delayed and was 0% for times greater than 6 hours.

Conclusions
For patients of GI perforation with associated septic shock, time from admission to initiation of surgery for source control is a critical determinant, under the condition of being supported by hemodynamic stabilization. The target time for a favorable outcome may be within 6 hours from admission. We should not delay in initiating EGDT-assisted surgery if patients are complicated with septic shock.
Novel Deep Red Emitting Phosphors Ca14Zn6M10O35:Mn4+ (M = Al3+ and Ga3+)
Authors: Seki Kohei , Uematsu Kazuyoshi , Toda Kenji , Sato Mineo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study investigated the luminescence properties of novel deep red phosphors Ca14Zn6M10O35:Mn4+ (M = Al3+ and Ga3+). These phosphors efficiently excited using a blue LED light. It exhibited a deep red emission around 713 nm. The luminescence intensities of CZA:Mn0.03 and CZG:Mn0.03 excited at 450 nm were, respectively, about 2.2 and 2.7 times higher than that of YAG:Ce3+ (P46). These phosphors also show little temperature quenching, but more than that shown by YAG:Ce3+ at 423 K. These results show that the deep red phosphor Ca14Zn6M10O35:Mn4+ (M = Al3+ and Ga3+) is a beneficial phosphor for use in indoor plant cultivation.
Sr8MB18O36 (M = Zn or Cd): Design and Synthesis of Two New Borates with a Special Ratio of 8:1
Authors: Zhang Xingwen , Yu Hongwei , Wu Hongping , Pan Shilie , Liu Lili , Jiao Anqing , Bai Chunyan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Two new borates, Sr8MB18O36 (M = Zn or Cd) with expected formulas representing the Sr:M ratio of 8:1, were synthesized. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They both crystallize in the same space group R−3c and possess isolated [B18O36]18− anionic group. In this work, not only Sr8MB18O36 (M = Zn or Cd) crystals were designed but they were also synthesized successfully. In addition, the reasons why the ratio of Sr:M is 8:1 in Sr8MB18O36 (M = Zn or Cd) are explained.
A Methodological Approach to Quantifying Plyometric Intensity
Authors: Jarvis Mark M. , Graham-Smith Phil , Comfort Paul 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Jarvis, MM, Graham-Smith, P, and Comfort, P. A Methodological approach to quantifying plyometric intensity. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2522–2532, 2016—In contrast to other methods of training, the quantification of plyometric exercise intensity is poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a range of neuromuscular and mechanical variables to describe the intensity of plyometric exercises. Seven male recreationally active subjects performed a series of 7 plyometric exercises. Neuromuscular activity was measured using surface electromyography (SEMG) at vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF). Surface electromyography data were divided into concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) phases of movement. Mechanical output was measured by ground reaction forces and processed to provide peak impact ground reaction force (PF), peak eccentric power (PEP), and impulse (IMP). Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the reliability intraclass correlation coefficient and sensitivity smallest detectable difference of all variables. Mean values of SEMG demonstrate high reliability (r ≥ 0.82), excluding ECC VL during a 40-cm drop jump (r = 0.74). PF, PEP, and IMP demonstrated high reliability (r ≥ 0.85). Statistical power for force variables was excellent (power = 1.0), and good for SEMG (power ≥0.86) excluding CON BF (power = 0.57). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in CON SEMG between exercises. Eccentric phase SEMG only distinguished between exercises involving a landing and those that did not (percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction [%MVIC] = no landing −65 ± 5, landing −140 ± 8). Peak eccentric power, PF, and IMP all distinguished between exercises. In conclusion, CON neuromuscular activity does not appear to vary when intent is maximal, whereas ECC activity is dependent on the presence of a landing. Force characteristics provide a reliable and sensitive measure enabling precise description of intensity in plyometric exercises. The present findings provide coaches and scientists with an insightful and precise method of measuring intensity in plyometrics, which will allow for greater control of programming variables.
Schottky barrier height tuning by Hybrid organic-inorganic multilayers
Authors: Torrisi V. , Squillaci M. A. , Ruffino F. , Crupi I. , Grimaldi M.G. , Marletta G. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSemiconducting and insulating polymers and copolymers/Au nanograins based hybrid multilayers (HyMLs) were fabricated on p-Si single-crystal substrate by an iterative method that involves, respectively, Langmuir-Blodgett and spin-coating techniques (for the deposition of organic film) and sputtering technique (for the deposition of metal nanograins) to prepare Au/HyMLs/p-Si Schottky device. The electrical properties of the Au/HyMLs/p-Si Schottky device were investigated by current-voltage (I–V) measurements in the thickness range of 1-5 bilayers (BL).At different number of layers, current-voltage (I–V) measurements were performed. Results showed a rectifying behavior. Junction parameters, such as barrier height (BH), from the I–V measurements for example for the PMMA-b-PS based Au/HyMLs/p-Si structure were obtained as 0.72±0.02 eV at 1BL and 0.64±0.02eV at 5BL. It was observed that the BH value of 0.61 eV obtained for the 5 BL PS based Au/HyMLs/p-Si structure was lower than the value of 0.68 eV of conventional Au/p-Si Schottky diodes. Thus, modification of the interfacial potential barrier for Au/p-Si diodes has been achieved using a thin MLs of different polymers based HyMls semiconductor.
Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Microgel-Modified Biomaterials Surfaces
Authors: Wu Yong , Liang Jing , Wang Qichen , Libera Matthew 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMicrogels are hydrogel particles with micron and sub-micron diameters. They have beendeveloped, studied, and exploited for a broad range of applications because of their uniquecombination of size, soft mechanical properties, and controllable network properties. We havebeen using microgels to modulate the properties of surfaces to differentially control theirinteractions with tissue cells and bacteria. The long-term goal is to create biomaterials thatpromote healing while simultaneously inhibiting infection. Because poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG]is used in a number of FDA-approved products and has well-known antifouling properties, wework primarily with PEG-based microgels. We render these anionic either by copolymerizationwith monomeric acids or by blending with polyacids. Both methods produce pH-dependentnegative charge. Surfaces, both planar 2-D surfaces as well as topographically complex 3-Dsurfaces, can be modified using a hierarchy of non-line-of-sight electrostatic depositionprocesses that create biomaterials surfaces whose cell adhesiveness is modulated by a submonolayerof microgels. Average inter-microgel spacings of 1-2 microns exploit naturaldifferences between staphylococcal bacteria and tissue cells, which open the opportunity todifferentially control surface interactions with them based on length-scale effects. Afterdeposition, the microgels can be loaded with a variety of small-molecule, cationic antimicrobials.The details of loading depend on the relative sizes of the antimicrobials and the microgelnetwork structure as well as on the amount and spatial distribution of electrostatic charge withinboth the microgel and on the antimicrobial. The exposed surface between microgels can befurther modified by the adsorption of adhesion-promoting proteins such as fibronectin viaelectrostatic interaction. This approach combines a rich interplay of microgel structure andchemistry as a key component in a simple and translatable approach to modulate the surfaceproperties of next-generation biomaterials.
Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Use, and the Incidence of Diabetes in the Black Women’s Health Study
Authors: Vimalananda Varsha G. , Palmer Julie R. , Gerlovin Hanna , Wise Lauren A. , Rosenzweig James L. , Rosenberg Lynn , Ruiz-Narváez Edward A. 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship of depressive symptoms and use of antidepressants with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective data from a large cohort of U.S. African American women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS) is an ongoing prospective cohort study. We followed 35,898 women from 1999 through 2011 who were without a diagnosis of diabetes and who had completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in 1999. CES-D scores were categorized as &lt;16, 16–22, 23–32, and ≥33, which reflected increasingly more depressive symptoms. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs for incident diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models. The basic multivariable model included age, time period, family history of diabetes, and education. In further models, we controlled for lifestyle factors and BMI. We also assessed the association of antidepressant use with incident diabetes.

RESULTS
Over 12 years of follow-up, there were 3,372 incident diabetes cases. Relative to CES-D score &lt;16, IRRs (95% CI) of diabetes for CES-D scores 16–22, 23–32, and ≥33 were 1.23 (1.12–1.35), 1.26 (1.12–1.41), and 1.45 (1.24–1.69), respectively, in the basic multivariate model. Multiple adjustment for lifestyle factors and BMI attenuated the IRRs to 1.11 (1.01–1.22), 1.08 (0.96–1.22), and 1.22 (1.04–1.43). The adjusted IRR for antidepressant use was 1.26 (1.11–1.43). Results were similar among obese women.

CONCLUSIONS
Both depressive symptoms and antidepressant use are associated with incident diabetes among African American women. These associations are mediated in part, but not entirely, through lifestyle factors and BMI.