bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCF increases in utero–labeled stem cells migration and improves wound healing
Authors: Zgheib Carlos , Xu Junwang , Mallette Andrew C. , Caskey Robert C. , Zhang Liping , Hu Junyi , Liechty Kenneth W. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDiabetic skin wounds lack the ability to heal properly and constitute a major and significant complication of diabetes. Nontraumatic lower extremity amputations are the number one complication of diabetic skin wounds. The complexity of their pathophysiology requires an intervention at many levels to enhance healing and wound closure. Stem cells are a promising treatment for diabetic skin wounds as they have the ability to correct abnormal healing. Stem cell factor (SCF), a chemokine expressed in the skin, can induce stem cells migration, however the role of SCF in diabetic skin wound healing is still unknown. We hypothesize that SCF would correct the impairment and promote the healing of diabetic skin wounds. Our results show that SCF improved wound closure in diabetic mice and increased HIF‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels in these wounds. SCF treatment also enhanced the migration of red fluorescent protein (RFP)‐labeled skin stem cells via in utero intra‐amniotic injection of lenti‐RFP at E8. Interestingly these RFP+ cells are present in the epidermis, stain negative for K15, and appear to be distinct from the already known hair follicle stem cells. These results demonstrate that SCF improves diabetic wound healing in part by increasing the recruitment of a unique stem cell population present in the skin.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 – Discerning Facts from Fiction: An Integrated Research and Extension Project for Multiple Audiences
Authors: Moore D. A. , Smith D. R. , Sischo W. M. , Heaton K. , Besser T. E. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe O157:H7 (EcO157) epidemiology of Shiga‐toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cattle is complex, and myths about pre‐harvest control are perpetuated. The objectives of this project were to identify perpetuated misinformation and inform four audiences about evidence‐based risks and pre‐harvest control of EcO157 by addressing: (i) EcO157 epidemiology and pre‐harvest control; (ii) how food safety policy is created; and (iii) how to present accurate information about EcO157. An environmental scan using a daily Internet search helped identify themes for education. A literature review of pre‐harvest control measures contributed to the development of educational materials (fact sheets, website, web presentations and conferences). Conference 1 was a webinar with 315 registrants, 10 countries including 41 US states and four Canadian provinces. Most participants felt confident in using their new knowledge, more than half felt confident enough to answer EcO157 questions from the public and many would recommend the recorded version of the webinar to colleagues. Conference 2 was live in the Washington, DC, area with most participants employed by the US government. All agreed that they better understood pre‐harvest control, how food safety policy was made, and were confident they could create an effective message about STEC pre‐harvest control. Videos were posted and received 348 Internet visitors within 2 months. Conference 3 was a webinar with a live audience and Twitter feeds, targeting people who give nutrition advice. Almost all ranked the programme good to excellent and relevant to their work. About 25% indicated that they would share: ‘grass‐fed beef is not safer than grain‐fed’, 25% would share information on effectiveness of cattle vaccines, and 14% would share information on message mapping. Across all conferences, major changes in knowledge included the following: there is no additional risk of EcO157 shedding from grain‐fed versus grass‐fed cattle, pre‐harvest vaccination is efficacious, and production systems (pasture versus confinement) do not affect EcO157 shedding rates.
Mitochondrial function at extreme high altitude
Authors: Murray Andrew J. , Horscroft James A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAt high altitude, barometric pressure falls and with it inspired , potentially compromising O2 delivery to the tissues. With sufficient acclimatisation, the erythropoietic response increases red cell mass such that arterial O2 content () is restored; however arterial remains low, and the diffusion of O2 from capillary to mitochondrion is impaired. Mitochondrial respiration and aerobic capacity are thus limited, whilst reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increases. Restoration of with supplementary O2 does not fully restore aerobic capacity in acclimatised individuals, possibly indicating a peripheral impairment. With prolonged exposure to extreme high altitude (>5500 m), muscle mitochondrial volume density falls, with a particular loss of the subsarcolemmal population. It is not clear whether this represents acclimatisation or deterioration, but it does appear to be regulated, with levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis factor PGC‐1α falling, and shows similarities to adapted Tibetan highlanders. Qualitative changes in mitochondrial function also occur, and do so at more moderate high altitudes with shorter periods of exposure. Electron transport chain complexes are downregulated, possibly mitigating the increase in ROS production. Fatty acid oxidation capacity is decreased and there may be improvements in biochemical coupling at the mitochondrial inner membrane that enhance O2 efficiency. Creatine kinase expression falls, possibly impairing high‐energy phosphate transfer from the mitochondria to myofibrils. In climbers returning from the summit of Everest, cardiac energetic reserve (phosphocreatine/ATP) falls, but skeletal muscle energetics are well preserved, possibly supporting the notion that mitochondrial remodelling is a core feature of acclimatisation to extreme high altitude.
Complete Genome Sequence of Martelella endophytica YC6887, Which Has Antifungal Activity Associated with a Halophyte
Authors: Khan Ajmal , Khan Haji , Chung Eu Jin , Hossain Mohammad T. , Chung Young Ryun 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Martelella endophytica
YC6887, which produces antifungal compounds against fungal and oomycete pathogens, was isolated from the root of a halophyte,
Rosa rugosa
, collected at a tidal flat in South Korea. Its full-genome sequence shows that it is a circular DNA, without a plasmid, of about 4.8 Mb in size.
Noncanonical Activation of β-Catenin by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Zhou Yun , Sztukowska Maryta , Wang Qian , Inaba Hiroaki , Potempa Jan , Scott David A. , Wang Huizhi , Lamont Richard J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas gingivalis
is an established pathogen in periodontal disease and an emerging pathogen in serious systemic conditions, including some forms of cancer. We investigated the effect of
P. gingivalis
on β-catenin signaling, a major pathway in the control of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Infection of gingival epithelial cells with
P. gingivalis
did not influence the phosphorylation status of β-catenin but resulted in proteolytic processing. The use of mutants deficient in gingipain production, along with gingipain-specific inhibitors, revealed that gingipain proteolytic activity was required for β-catenin processing. The β-catenin destruction complex components Axin1, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and GSK3β were also proteolytically processed by
P. gingivalis
gingipains. Cell fractionation and Western blotting demonstrated that β-catenin fragments were translocated to the nucleus. The accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus following
P. gingivalis
infection was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. A luciferase reporter assay showed that
P. gingivalis
increased the activity of the β-catenin-dependent TCF/LEF promoter.
P. gingivalis
did not increase Wnt3a mRNA levels, a finding consistent with
P. gingivalis
-induced proteolytic processing causing the increase in TCF/LEF promoter activity. Thus, our data indicate that
P. gingivalis
can induce the noncanonical activation of β-catenin and disassociation of the β-catenin destruction complex by gingipain-dependent proteolytic processing. β-Catenin activation in epithelial cells by
P. gingivalis
may contribute to a proliferative phenotype.
Murine Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Translocation
Authors: Green Sabrina I. , Ajami Nadim J. , Ma Li , Poole Nina M. , Price Roger E. , Petrosino Joseph F. , Maresso Anthony W. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
is a major cause of life-threatening infections in patients with neutropenia, particularly those receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. In most cases, these infections originate from opportunistic strains living within the patient's gastrointestinal tract which then translocate to major organ systems. There are no animal models that faithfully recapitulate these infections, and, as such, the host or bacterial factors that govern this process remain unidentified. We present here a novel model of chemotherapy-induced bacterial translocation of
E. coli
. Oral gavage of BALB/c mice with a clinical isolate of extraintestinal pathogenic
E. coli
(ExPEC) leads to stable and long-term colonization of the murine intestine. Following the induction of neutropenia with the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide, ExPEC translocates from the intestine to the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys with concomitant morbidity in infected animals. Translocation can also occur in mice bearing mammary tumors, even in the absence of chemotherapy. Translocation of ExPEC is also associated with an increase of the diversity of bacterial DNA detected in the blood. This is the first report of a chemotherapy-based animal model of ExPEC translocation in cancerous mice, a system that can be readily used to identify important virulence factors for this process.
Pubic apophysitis: a previously undescribed clinical entity of groin pain in athletes
Authors: Sailly Matthieu , Whiteley Rod , Read John W , Giuffre Bruno , Johnson Amanda , Hölmich Per 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundSport-related pubalgia is often a diagnostic challenge in elite athletes. While scientific attention has focused on adults, there is little data on adolescents. Cadaveric and imaging studies identify a secondary ossification centre located along the anteromedial corner of pubis beneath the insertions of symphysial joint capsule and adductor longus tendon. Little is known about this apophysis and its response to chronic stress.AimWe report pubic apophysitis as a clinically relevant entity in adolescent athletes.MethodsThe clinical and imaging findings in 26 highly trained adolescent football players (15.6 years±1.3) who complained of adductor-related groin pain were reviewed. The imaging features (X-ray 26/26, US 9/26, MRI 11/26, CT 7/26) of the pubic apophyses in this symptomatic group were compared against those of a comparison group of 31 male patients (age range 9–30 years) with no known history of groin pain or pelvic trauma, who underwent pelvic CT scans for unrelated medical reasons.ResultsAll symptomatic subjects presented with similar history and physical findings. The CT scans of these patients demonstrated open pubic apophyses with stress-related physeal changes (widening, asymmetry and small rounded cyst-like expansions) that were not observed in the comparison group. No comparison subject demonstrated apophyseal maturity before 21 years of age, and immaturity was seen up to the age of 26 years.ConclusionsThis retrospective case series identifies pubic apophyseal stress (or ‘apophysitis’) as an important differential consideration in the adolescent athlete who presents with groin pain.
Systematic review: laparoscopic treatment of long-standing groin pain in athletes
Authors: Paajanen Hannu , Montgomery Agneta , Simon Thomas , Sheen Aali J 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesNo single aetiological factor has been proven to cause long-standing groin pain in athletes and no sole operative technique (either open or laparoscopic) has been shown to be the preferred method of repair. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether there are any differences in the return to full sporting activity following laparoscopic repair of groin pain in athletes.Data sourcesThe minimal access approaches include laparoscopic transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) or endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) techniques. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, UpToDate and the Cochrane Library databases. Series reporting laparoscopic repair (TAPP/TEP) of groin pain in adult (>18 years) athletes were included. The primary outcome was return to full sporting activity and secondary outcomes included percentage success rates and complications of operations.ResultsOnly 18 studies fulfilled the search criteria with both laparoscopic and sports hernia repairs. The studies were mainly observational with some reporting comparative data, but no large randomised controlled trials were detected. The median return to sporting activity of 4 weeks (28 days) was the same for the TAPP as well as TEP techniques. No real difference in secondary outcome measures was shown. More reported cases to date in the literature used the TAPP technique compared with TEP repair (n=605 vs n=266).ConclusionsLaparoscopic surgery for elite athlete groin pain is increasingly becoming more common with almost 1000 patients reported since 1997. No particular laparoscopic technique appears to offer any advantage over the other.
Therapeutically Targetable ALK Mutations in Leukemia
Authors: Maxson Julia E. , Davare Monika A. , Luty Samuel B. , Eide Christopher A. , Chang Bill H. , Loriaux Marc M. , Tognon Cristina E. , Bottomly Daniel , Wilmot Beth , McWeeney Shannon K. , Druker Brian J. , Tyner Jeffrey W. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Genome sequencing is revealing a vast mutational landscape in leukemia, offering new opportunities for treatment with targeted therapy. Here, we identify two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia whose tumors harbor point mutations in the ALK kinase. The mutations reside in the extracellular domain of ALK and are potently transforming in cytokine-independent cellular assays and primary mouse bone marrow colony formation studies. Strikingly, both mutations conferred sensitivity to ALK kinase inhibitors, including the FDA-approved drug crizotinib. On the basis of our results, we propose that tumors harboring ALK mutations may be therapeutically tractable for personalized treatment of certain aggressive leukemias with ALK inhibitors. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2146–50. ©2015 AACR.
Pancreatic Cancer Combination Therapy Using a BH3 Mimetic and a Synthetic Tetracycline
Authors: Quinn Bridget A. , Dash Rupesh , Sarkar Siddik , Azab Belal , Bhoopathi Praveen , Das Swadesh K. , Emdad Luni , Wei Jun , Pellecchia Maurizio , Sarkar Devanand , Fisher Paul B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Improved treatments for pancreatic cancer remain a clinical imperative. Sabutoclax, a small-molecule BH3 mimetic, inhibits the function of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Minocycline, a synthetic tetracycline, displays antitumor activity. Here, we offer evidence of the combinatorial antitumor potency of these agents in several preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Sabutoclax induced growth arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and synergized with minocycline to yield a robust mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent cytotoxicity. This combinatorial property relied upon loss of phosphorylated Stat3 insofar as reintroduction of activated Stat3-rescued cells from toxicity. Tumor growth was inhibited potently in both immune-deficient and immune-competent models with evidence of extended survival. Overall, our results showed that the combination of sabutoclax and minocycline was highly cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells and safely efficacious in vivo. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2305–15. ©2015 AACR.
New Strategies in Melanoma: Entering the Era of Combinatorial Therapy
Authors: Sullivan Ryan J. , Flaherty Keith T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe treatment of metastatic melanoma has been revolutionized over the past decade as effective molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies entered the clinic. It is hoped that deeper insights into the characteristics of patients and tumors that are most responsive will allow more precise patient selection for these therapies while understanding mechanisms of resistance will facilitate the develop of rational combinations or next-generation agents aimed at novel targets. Clin Cancer Res; 21(11); 2424–35. ©2015 AACR.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of the First-in-Class Dual Action HER3/EGFR Antibody MEHD7945A in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Juric Dejan , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Cervantes Andres , Hidalgo Manuel , Messersmith Wells , Blumenschein George R. , Tabernero Josep , Roda Desamparados , Calles Antonio , Jimeno Antonio , Wang Xiaodong , Bohórquez Sandra Sanabria , Leddy Cecilia , Littman Catherine , Kapp Amy V. , Shames David S. , Penuel Elicia , Amler Lukas C. , Pirzkall Andrea , Baselga José 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The novel dual-action humanized IgG1 antibody MEHD7945A targeting HER3 and EGFR inhibits ligand-dependent HER dimer signaling. This phase I study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of MEHD7945A.
Experimental Design: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic epithelial tumors received escalating doses of MEHD7945A (1–30 mg/kg) every 2 weeks (q2w) until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. An expansion cohort was enrolled at the recommended phase II dose (14 mg/kg, q2w). Plasma samples, tumor biopsies, FDG-PET were obtained for assessment of pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic modulation downstream of EGFR and HER3.
Results: No dose-limiting toxicities or MEHD7945A-related grade ≥ 4 adverse events (AE) were reported in dose-escalation (n = 30) or expansion (n = 36) cohorts. Related grade 3 AEs were limited to diarrhea and nausea in the same patient (30 mg/kg). Related AEs in ≥20% of patients ≤24 hours after the first infusion included grade 1/2 headache, fever, and chills, which were managed with premedication and/or symptomatic treatment. Pharmacodynamic data indicated target inhibition in 25% of evaluable patients. Best response by RECIST included 2 confirmed partial responses in squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (SCCHN) patients with high tumor tissue levels of the HER3 ligand heregulin; 14 patients had stable disease ≥8 weeks, including SCCHN (n = 3), colorectal cancer (n = 6), and non–small cell lung cancer (n = 3).
Conclusions: MEHD7945A was well-tolerated as single agent with evidence of tumor pharmacodynamic modulation and antitumor activity in SCCHN. Phase II studies were initiated with flat (nonweight-based) dosing at 1,100 mg q2w in SCCHN and colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(11); 2462–70. ©2015 AACR.
Hierarchical decision making: resource distribution exhibits stronger effect on crayfish dominance relationships and shelter occupation than prior social experience and resource ownership
Authors: Chibucos K. , Wofford S.J. , Moore P.A. 
Published: June 2015

The outcome of agonistic interactions is critical to the acquisition of vital resources. These behaviours can be influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and multi-faceted studies are necessary for ecologically relevant studies. The aim of this study was to combine the effects of past social experience, resource ownership, and the distribution of shelter resources to examine the combination of these effects on various measures of agonism in crayfish (Orconectes rusticus). Crayfish were assigned to one of three social conditioning treatments (naïve, subordinate, dominant) and then introduced to an arena where they were assigned to a resident or intruder treatment. An intruder shelter was then positioned 20, 60 or 120 cm from the resident shelter. We found that resource distribution (shelter distance) played a larger role in influencing agonistic behaviour than did past social experience or current social status.
Understanding High Inflation Trend in India
Authors: Goyal Ashima 
Published: June 2015

Stylized Indian facts and structural features are consistent with an elastic aggregate supply, subject to cost push. A variety of time series tests support this against an alternative hypothesis of inelastic supply. Mechanisms that propagate relative price changes into the price level include sector bottlenecks and governance failures. The first best policy response to a temporary supply shock is to shift down the supply curve by neutralizing mechanisms that propagate supply shocks, while avoiding too large a demand contraction. A standard monetary tightening to anchor inflation expectations requires a large growth sacrifice. Backward-looking price setting in some Indian firms reduces the required intensity of tightening. JEL Classification: E31, E52, E62, O23
Source of Service Sector TFP Growth in India: Evidence from Micro-data
Authors: Sahu Sohini 
Published: June 2015

India has seen service sector-led growth in recent years. High growth in the total factor productivity (TFP) has been the dominant source of growth in this sector. I use micro-data on the service sector companies to test the hypothesis if better factor reallocation has led to TFP gains in the service sector. I find that post reforms, the extent of resource misallocation has reduced in the service sector, thereby accelerating the pace of the TFP growth. Due to improved resource allocation, the information-technology industry operated at 84 per cent of its efficient TFP level in 2005. The communication industry and community services industry registered the fastest growth in terms of moving towards their efficient TFP levels. JEL Classification: 014, 040
Finding the Right Balance—Improving the Gender Profile of the British Council in Pakistan
Authors: Rizvi Fseeha , Hussain Tanzeela , Walsh Dan 
Published: June 2015

This article is an account of how the British Council in Pakistan has sought to improve its gender balance. The organization has seen a marked change in its staff profile in recent years. As recently as 2013, there was a stark gender imbalance, with women accounting for barely a quarter of all staff. Further, statistical analysis showed that this picture was skewed according to the office, the pay grade and the department. This case study outlines the research undertaken by the HR team. The findings are presented in this case study. It then describes the actions taken to increase the number of women and to address their underrepresentation in key positions. It concludes with the evaluation of the effectiveness of these management interventions resulting in evidence-based managerial decision making, strategic vision and institutionalization of best practices. This undertaking on gender balancing was deemed integral to the development of a new strategic vision for the British Council in Pakistan. The research challenged several assumptions. It showed that the existing gender imbalance was not a result of cultural factors. Instead it demonstrated that the British Council’s pay and benefits were uncompetitive in the job market. The last three years have seen profound changes in the scale of the organization’s ambitions, its risk appetite, how it operates and its culture. These changes have coincided with a marked increase in women at every level of the organization. The case study emphasizes how equal opportunities and diversity became integral to these strategic changes. It charts how the demographics of British Council teams have altered since 2012 and how this has affected organizational culture. Finally, it presents the continuing challenges that the British Council faces in recruiting, retaining and promoting the best talent available.