bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' views of shortcomings in patent care encounters in one hospital in Sweden
Authors: Nilsson Åsa , Skär Lisa , Söderberg Siv 
Published: July 2015

Aim and objectiveTo describe nurses' views of shortcomings in patient care encounters in one hospital in Sweden.BackgroundShortcomings in encounters in healthcare have increased during recent years. Dissatisfaction with encounters in healthcare can affect patients' experiences of dignity, health and well‐being.DesignA qualitative design was used in the study.MethodsThree focus group discussions with 15 nurses were conducted. The nurses worked in five different wards. The focus group discussions were subjected to a thematic content analysis.ResultsThe results are presented in two themes. The first theme, ‘Disregard for the patient's unique nursing needs’, describes that information without consideration of the patient's needs, and nurses not being completely present in the meeting with the patient affected healthcare encounters and experiences of quality of care. In the second theme, ‘Difficulty managing obstacles’, nurses described care situations over which they could not always prevail due to lack of time and/or lack of awareness of the patient's vulnerability.ConclusionThe findings illustrate the importance of nurses and their approaches to patients. The nurse's attitude is important for the patient's experiences of participation, security, dignity, and well‐being. The findings also illustrate the importance of routines in the healthcare organisation that support and facilitate positive encounters between patients, their close relatives and the healthcare staff.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses require understanding, presence and commitment in their relationships to every unique patient, and their goal should be to adopt interventions with regard to positive healthcare encounters based on each patient's experiences of good nursing care.
Keeping Up with the Joneses: Friends’ Perfectionism and Students’ Orientation Toward Extrinsic Aspirations
Authors: Hope Nora , Koestner Richard , Holding Anne , Harvey Brenda 
Published: July 2015

AbstractKasser and Ryan (1993,1996) have contrasted two types of life values: intrinsic aspirations, which include community contribution, building close relationships, and self‐growth, and extrinsic aspirations, which include fame, wealth, and physical beauty. Prioritization of extrinsic relative to intrinsic aspirations has been related cross‐sectionally to decreased well‐being (Kasser, 2002). However, the influence of close others in the etiology of young adults' prioritization of extrinsic aspirations, and the prospective effects of aspirations on well‐being, are not well understood. In a multiple‐informant prospective study of 341 university students (mean age = 19.4; 64% Caucasian; 74% female), we examined the influence of friends’ and family members’ perfectionism on participants’ aspirations, and the outcomes of prioritization of extrinsic aspirations. Having friends high in other‐oriented perfectionism was significantly positively related to prioritization of extrinsic over intrinsic aspirations. Furthermore, living with friends amplified the effect. Last, prioritization of extrinsic aspirations at T1 was related to decreased subjective well‐being and self‐concordance for goals 3 months later. The study provides preliminary evidence for a relationship between friends’ other‐oriented perfectionism and students’ orientation toward extrinsic aspirations, as well as negative prospective consequences of students’ orientation to extrinsic aspirations.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTUREAND CORPORATE DEMANDFOR REINSURANCE: THE CASEOFTHE JAPANESE KEIRETSU
Authors: Yanase Noriyoshi , Limpaphayom Piman 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of organization structure on corporate demand for reinsurance. Previous research has shown that the unique corporate groupings in Japan known as the “keiretsu” have relatively low bankruptcy costs, low agency conflicts, low information asymmetry, and low effective taxes. These conditions should mitigate the benefits of reinsurance purchase. This conjecture is tested by examining demand for reinsurance of Japanese non‐life insurance companies during 1974–2010. Consistent with the prediction, keiretsu non‐life insurers have lower reinsurance purchase than independent non‐life insurance companies. The effects of the keiretsu structure also receded when keiretsu groupings' power was weakened after the asset bubble burst and the breakdown of the convoy system in mid 1990s. Consistent with previous studies, Japanese mutual insurers also purchase more reinsurance than stock insurers.
HOW DOES TORT LAW AFFECT CONSUMER AUTO INSURANCE COSTS?
Authors: Heaton Paul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough proponents of tort reform argue that it will benefit consumers through lowered insurance premiums and increased insurance availability, to date there is limited empirical evidence linking tort law to consumer outlays. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and a differences‐in‐differences research design, this article examines whether any of several common state‐level modifications to tort law affect consumer costs for auto insurance. Expenditures on auto insurance fall by 12 percent following no‐fault repeal and 6 percent following relaxation of collateral source restrictions, but are not measurably affected by bad faith reform, modifications to joint and several liability, or noneconomic damage caps. None of the modifications to tort law generate measurable increases in auto insurance take‐up. There is little variation in the impact of the reforms across income, education, and age groups, but no‐fault repeal and collateral source reform do disproportionately benefit consumers with lower cost policies.
Retracted: HDAC1 inhibition by melatonin leads to suppression of lung adenocarcinoma cells via induction of oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways
Authors: Fan Chongxi , Pan Yunhu , Yang Yang , Di Shouyin , Jiang Shuai , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Tian , Zhang Zhipei , Li Weimiao , Li Xiaofei , Reiter Russel J. , Yan Xiaolong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMelatonin is an indoleamine synthesized in the pineal gland that shows a wide range of physiological and pharmacological functions, including anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin on drug‐induced cellular apoptosis against the cultured human lung adenocarcinoma cells and explored the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) signaling in this process. The results showed that melatonin treatment led to a dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease in the viability of human A549 and PC9 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Additionally, melatonin exhibited potent anticancer activity in vitro, as evidenced by reductions of the cell adhesion, migration, and the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level and increases in the apoptotic index, caspase 3 activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 and PC9 cells. Melatonin treatment also influenced the expression of HDAC‐related molecules (HDAC1 and Ac‐histone H3), upregulated the apoptosis‐related molecules (PUMA and Bax), and downregulated the proliferation‐related molecule (PCNA) and the anti‐apoptosis‐related molecule (Bcl2). Furthermore, the inhibition of HDAC signaling using HDAC1 siRNA or SAHA (a potent pan‐inhibitor of HDACs) sensitized A549 and PC9 cells to the melatonin treatment. In summary, these data indicate that in vitro‐administered melatonin is a potential suppressor of lung adenocarcinoma cells by the targeting of HDAC signaling and suggest that melatonin in combination with HDAC inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic intervention for human lung adenocarcinoma.
Talking Shape: Parental Language With Electronic Versus Traditional Shape Sorters
Authors: Zosh Jennifer M. , Verdine Brian N. , Filipowicz Andrew , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy , Newcombe Nora S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAs the traditional toys of the past are quickly being replaced with electronically “enhanced” toys, it is important to understand how these changes impact parent–child interactions, especially in light of the evidence that the richness and variety of these interactions have long‐term effects on diverse areas of cognition (Hart & Risley, 1995). Here, we compared the quantity and quality of the language children hear during play with either a traditional (nonelectronic) or an electronic shape sorter designed to teach children about geometric shapes. Spatial toys and spatial language, in particular, were explored since recent work has established that parents' use of spatial language links to children's short‐ and long‐term performance on spatial tasks (Pruden, Levine, & Huttenlocher, 2011), and that spatial skills are relevant to success in learning mathematics and science (Newcombe, 2010). Traditional toys prompted more parental spatial language and more varied overall language than did electronic toys.
The Relations Between Early Working Memory Abilities and Later Developing Reading Skills: A Longitudinal Study From Kindergarten to Fifth Grade
Authors: Nevo Einat , Bar‐Kochva Irit 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relations of early working‐memory abilities (phonological and visual‐spatial short‐term memory [STM] and complex memory and episodic buffer memory) and later developing reading skills. Sixty Hebrew‐speaking children were followed from kindergarten through Grade 5. Working memory was tested in kindergarten and reading in Grades 1, 2, and 5. All memory measures, but phonological STM, correlated with reading up to Grade 5. Regression analyses (with intelligence quotient controlled) demonstrated that phonological complex memory predicted all reading skills in Grade 1, and accuracy in Grade 2. The rather understudied visual‐spatial memory predicted comprehension in Grades 2 (STM) and 5 (complex memory). The results point to an important role of the phonological complex memory in early assessment, and suggest a long‐lasting role of early visual‐spatial memory in predicting variance in reading. Whether this role of the visual‐spatial memory is unique to the Hebrew orthography because of its visual features requires, however, further investigation.
Developmental Brain Research With Participants From Underprivileged Communities: Strategies for Recruitment, Participation, and Retention
Authors: Habibi Assal , Sarkissian Alissa Der , Gomez Martha , Ilari Beatriz 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTChallenges associated with recruitment and retention of participants from underprivileged social communities, in addition to neuroscience researchers' unfamiliarity with these communities, possibly explain the limited number of individuals from these communities who participate in neuroscience research studies. The consequence is a scarcity of data in this fast‐growing segment of the population. In particular, developmental research involving children from ethnic minorities has yet to catch up with the number of studies available for middle‐class White children (Flores et al., 2002). This underrepresentation can lead to disparities in health and social services for children from these communities, as well as to a nonrepresentative knowledge base of child neurodevelopment. Developing and utilizing innovative and culturally sensitive approaches to recruiting participants from underprivileged communities can maximize their participation in research, as behavioral researchers have known for some time. Here, based on our experience recruiting low‐socioeconomic status (SES) Latino children from Los Angeles, we offer strategies to improve recruitment, involvement, and retention. We have a special focus on techniques relevant to recruiting for neuroimaging, which is associated with new challenges not faced to the same degree in research historically. Better inclusion of underrepresented children in research can ultimately lead to the development and improvement of effective public polices to support their needs, ranging from education to health care.
PHO4 transcription factor regulates triacylglycerol metabolism under low‐phosphate conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yadav Kamlesh Kumar , Singh Neelima , Rajasekharan Ram 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PHM8 encodes a phosphatase that catalyses the dephosphorylation of lysophosphatidic acids to monoacylglycerol and nucleotide monophosphate to nucleoside and releases free phosphate. In this report, we investigated the role of PHM8 in triacylglycerol metabolism and its transcriptional regulation by a phosphate responsive transcription factor Pho4p under low‐phosphate conditions. We found that the wild‐type (BY4741) cells accumulate triacylglycerol and the expression of PHM8 was high under low‐phosphate conditions. Overexpression of PHM8 in the wild‐type, phm8Δ and quadruple phosphatase mutant (pah1Δdpp1Δlpp1Δapp1Δ) caused an increase in the triacylglycerol levels. However, the introduction of the PHM8 deletion into the quadruple phosphatase mutant resulted in a reduction in triacylglycerol levels and LPA phosphatase activity. The transcriptional activator Pho4p binds to the PHM8 promoter under low‐phosphate conditions, activating PHM8 expression, which leads to the formation of monoacylglycerol from LPA. The synthesized monoacylglycerol is acylated to diacylglycerol by Dga1p, which is further acylated to triacylglycerol by the same enzyme.
Outer membrane protein P1 is the CEACAM‐binding adhesin of Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Tchoupa Arnaud Kengmo , Lichtenegger Sabine , Reidl Joachim , Hauck Christof R. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryHaemophilus influenzae is a Gram‐negative pathogen colonizing the upper respiratory tract mucosa. H. influenzae is one of several human‐restricted bacteria, which bind to carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) on the epithelium leading to bacterial uptake by the eukaryotic cells. Adhesion to CEACAMs is thought to be mediated by the H. influenzae outer membrane protein (OMP) P5. However, CEACAMs still bound to H. influenzae lacking OMP P5 expression, and soluble CEACAM receptor ectodomains failed to bind to OMP P5, when heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Screening of a panel of H. influenzae OMP mutants revealed that lack of OMP P1 completely abrogated CEACAM binding and supressed CEACAM‐mediated engulfment of H. influenzae by epithelial cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of OMP P1 in E. coli was sufficient to induce CEACAM binding and to promote attachment to and internalization into CEACAM‐expressing cells. Interestingly, OMP P1 selectively recognizes human CEACAMs, but not homologs from other mammals and this binding preference is preserved upon expression in E. coli. Together, our data identify OMP P1 as the bona fide CEACAM‐binding invasin of H. influenzae. This is the first report providing evidence for an involvement of the major OMP P1 of H. influenzae in pathogenesis.
New method for single‐breath fraction of exhaled nitric oxide measurement with improved feasibility in preschool children with asthma
Authors: Heijkenskjöld‐Rentzhog Charlotte , Kalm‐Stephens Pia , Nordvall Lennart , Malinovschi Andrei , Alving Kjell 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory societies recommend use of standardized methodologies for fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements in adults and children, but in preschoolers, feasibility remains a problem. The exhalation time needed to obtain steady‐state FeNO is unclear. Our primary aim was to study the feasibility of an adapted single‐breath FeNO method with age‐adjusted exhalation times. We also studied the association between time to steady‐state NO level and height, as well as FeNO in relation to asthma and current treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).MethodsSixty‐three children aged 3–10 years performed FeNO measurements with a hand‐held electrochemical device with a newly developed flow‐control unit. Exhalation times were pre‐adapted to age. Exhaled air was simultaneously sampled to a chemiluminescence analyzer to measure time to steady‐state NO level.ResultsEighty‐one percent of the children achieved at least one approved measurement. From 4 years upwards, success rate was high (96%). Time to steady‐state [NO] (median and interquartile range) was 2.5 s (2.4–3.5) at the age of 3–4 years and 3.5 s (2.7–3.8) at the age of 5–6 years. Height was associated with time to steady state (r2 = 0.13, p = 0.02). FeNO (geometric mean [95% CI]) was higher in ICS‐naïve asthmatic children (n = 19): 15.9 p.p.b. (12.2–20.9), than in both healthy controls (n = 8) 9.1 p.p.b. (6.6–12.4) and asthmatic subjects on treatment (n = 24) 11.5 p.p.b. (9.7–13.6).ConclusionWe found this adapted single‐breath method with age‐adjusted exhalation times highly feasible for children aged 4–10 years. ICS‐naïve asthmatic children had FeNO levels under the current guideline cutoff level (20 p.p.b.), highlighting the importance of taking age into account when setting reference values.
Longitudinal functional changes, depression, and health‐related quality of life among stroke survivors living at home after inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Mutai Hitoshi , Furukawa Tomomi , Nakanishi Kosuke , Hanihara Tokiji 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThis study investigated changes in functional status in home‐dwelling stroke survivors 1–3 years after inpatient rehabilitation. It also examined the factors associated with longitudinal functional changes and health‐related quality of life.MethodsSurvey evaluations were conducted at the homes of 27 stroke survivors. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Short Form 36, Frenchay Activities Index, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used to assess functional status, quality of life, social activity, and depression symptoms, respectively.ResultsFrom the time of discharge to follow‐up (mean: 2.1 ± 0.6 years), total FIM and motor FIM scores were mildly improved, and cognitive FIM score was significantly improved. On the Short Form 36, physical functioning, general health, and vitality scores were lower than norm‐based scores. Multiple regression analyses showed a positive association between change in motor FIM score and Frenchay Activities Index score and a negative association between change in cognitive FIM score and elapsed time after discharge. With regard to health‐related quality of life, motor FIM score was associated with the physical component summary, whereas age and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score were associated with the mental component summary.ConclusionSocial participation was associated with long‐term improvement in activities of daily living, indicating that interventions targeting social function are important for maintaining and further improving activities of daily living in stroke survivors. Health‐related quality of life was correlated with activities of daily living and depression; therefore, interventions targeting these parameters are important in improving the quality of life of stroke survivors.
Sleep correlates of depression and anxiety in an elderly Asian population
Authors: Yu Junhong , Rawtaer Iris , Fam Johnson , Jiang Min‐Jun , Feng Lei , Kua Ee Heok , Mahendran Rathi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundResearch looking at the association between sleep and psychiatric symptoms in elderly Asian populations is lacking. The present study examines the sleep correlates of depression and anxiety in a sample of cognitively healthy older adults.MethodsThe Geriatric Depression Scale, Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were administered to a community sample of elderly participants (n = 107; 81 women; Mage = 71.3 years, SD = 5.7)ResultsGeriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory scores are both significantly correlated with sleep disturbance. Geriatric Depression Scale scores are uniquely associated with daytime dysfunction, and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory scores are uniquely associated with perceived sleep quality, sleep latency, and global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores.ConclusionsDepression and anxiety in a cohort of elderly Asian subjects are associated with a number of sleep‐related issues; both are related to a somewhat different profile of sleep problems.
Advances in Breeding Management and Use of Ovulation Induction for Fixed‐time AI
Authors: Kirkwood RN , Kauffold J 
Published: July 2015

ContentsThe objective of the breeding herd is the predictable and consistent production of high quality pigs. To achieve this objective, an appropriate number of females need to be mated in each breeding week and they should maintain their pregnancy and deliver large litters. Many factors can impact achievement of optimal sow productivity, particularly breeding management. Most matings will involve artificial insemination (AI), and successful AI requires deposition into the cervix (or beyond) of sufficient viable high quality sperm at an appropriate time relative to ovulation. This is facilitated by improved knowledge of the sow's ovarian function prior to and during her oestrous period. Realization of the importance of establishing an adequate sperm reservoir in the oviduct at an appropriate time relative to ovulation has led to advances in the management of AI. The future of AI will likely involve insemination of single doses of high genetic merit semen, potentially having a reduced sperm concentration which is made possible by knowledge of the effect of site of sperm deposition on sow fertility. In particular, knowledge of when a sow is likely to ovulate during a natural or induced oestrous period will prove invaluable in the maintenance of herd productivity. This review will examine options for breeding management, including the control of oestrus and ovulation, on sow herd reproductive performance.
Factors Affecting the Efficient Production of Boar Sperm
Authors: Flowers WL 
Published: July 2015

ContentsEfficient sperm production in boars has developmental and functional components. Factors affecting the developmental phase influence Sertoli cell mitosis, appear to be mostly stimulatory and have permanent effects on production of sperm. Birthweight appears to hold promise as a prospective screening tool as it appears to have a strong positive relationship with adult sperm production. Strategic cross‐fostering shortly after birth and socialization to humans between 4 and 9 weeks of age are strategies during the developmental phase that have been shown to increase spermatogenesis in adults. Factors affecting the functional phase influence the release of sperm by Sertoli cells and their subsequent maturation in the epididymi, appear to be mainly inhibitory and have temporary effects on spermatogenesis which can be corrected. The most common of these include exposure to elevated ambient temperature, nutrition, photoperiod, collection frequency and housing. Multiple deficiencies in several of these areas are common in commercial studs and have additive, negative effects on sperm production. However, there also is evidence that enhancements in one of these areas may be capable of offsetting deficiencies in others.