bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction Rims on Ilmenite and Chromite: Implications for Volatile Behavior and Crystallization Conditions of Kimberlite Magma
Authors: Fairhurst Lydia , Fedortchouk Yana , Chinn Ingrid , Normandeau Philippe , Powell Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Significant uncertainty surrounds the crystallization conditions and the composition of kimberlite melts, including the role of volatiles (H2O and CO2) due to their hybrid nature, intense alteration, and volatile loss during emplacement. In this study, we address these uncertainties by investigating the interaction between oxides (ilmenite and chromite) and kimberlite magma. During kimberlite ascent, mantle minerals react with the magma and develop dissolution textures, compositional zoning, and rims of secondary mineral phases in response to crystallization conditions and the composition of kimberlite magma. We examined oxides from several lithologies within the BK1 and AK15 kimberlites of the Orapa cluster in Botswana, where diamonds demonstrate distinct dissolution styles in each lithological unit owing to differences in magma saturation with volatiles. Here we discovered a strong correlation of the reaction products on ilmenite and chromite with the dissolution style of diamonds in the same kimberlite unit. Diamonds with glossy, low-relief surface features indicative of fluid-rich magma occur in the kimberlite units where ilmenite and chromite develop reaction rims of Ti-bearing phases. Diamonds with corrosion sculptures implying a volatile-undersaturated magma occur in kimberlite units with heavily resorbed chromite and ilmenite completely replaced by a MUM (magnesio-ulvöspinel-magnetite)–perovskite symplectite. Furthermore, the composition of ilmenite reaction rims depends on kimberlite lithology, where MUM co-exists with perovskite or its break-down product anatase in the two coherent kimberlite units, or with perovskite and titanite in the massive volcaniclastic unit. We examine how decompression, cooling, degassing, or assimilation of crustal rocks by kimberlite magma could have shifted conditions from perovskite to titanite stability in the volcaniclastic kimberlite unit. We propose perovskite replacement by anatase-calcite pseudomorphs in the top coherent unit, from which diamonds exhibit an overprint of fluid resorption with a melt resorption. Composition of ilmenite reaction rims provides estimates of kimberlite crystallization temperatures of 730–1275 °C and oxygen fugacities of +0.5 to −3.5 relative to the nickel-nickel oxide buffer, which are validated through controlled experiments. Our study shows that preservation of ilmenite, the type of Ti-phase in its reaction rim, the relative rate of chromite dissolution, and compositional re-equilibration with kimberlite can help model the eruption process as well as the style and rate of diamond dissolution.
Analysis Of The Use Of Return On Asset, Return On Equity, And Economic Value Added In Assessing Company Financial Performance
Authors: Nurjanah Yayuk , Prasetyo Disva Margaretha 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk., PT Gudang Garam Tbk., and PT Bank Central Asia Tbk. in 2019, 2020 and 2021 using ROA, ROE and EVA analysis. The results of this study indicate that PT Unilever's financial performance in terms of ROA, ROE, and EVA shows unfavorable results. This is because PT Unilever's ROA, ROE, and EVA tend to decrease from year to year. This decline was mainly due to decreasing profits during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and PT Unilever has not been able to fully recover from the decline during this pandemic. The overall financial performance of PT Gudang Garam is not good because most of PT Gudang Garam's ROA, ROE, and EVA values ​​show a decline. However, PT Gudang Garam is trying to improve its performance in 2021, one of which is by reducing its capital costs. Then, PT Bank Central Asia's financial performance showed good results because ROA, ROE, and EVA managed to increase in 2021 after experiencing a slight decline in 2020. In addition, PT Bank Central Asia's total equity and total assets also increased from 2019 until 2021 which may indicate that the financial condition of PT Bank Central Asia is in a fairly stable position

Keywords : ROA, ROE, EVA
Perbaikan Proses Produksi Sablon Gelas Minuman pada UKM Tornado Printing
Authors: Fermanda Bryan , Loyda Tarigan Elsya Paskaria 
Published: June 2024

Tornado Printing merupakan salah satu UKM sablon gelas minuman yang berlokasi di kota Batam, proses produksi sering terjadi pemborosan (waste) sehingga mengalami kendala dalam proses produksi sablon gelas minuman 1 warna yaitu, adanya pada proses Waiting time afdruk yaitu menunggu sinar UV matahari untuk proses penyinaran sehingga pada proses selanjutnya mengalami delay, adanya penempatan alat-alat kerja yang tidak sesuai sehingga sulit untuk menemukannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab dan cara mengurangi dari pemborosan (waste) yang terjadi pada proses produksi UKM Tornado Printing. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Lean Manufacturing dengan metode Value Stream Mapping, serta analisis akar masalah dengan fishbone diagram. Hasil analisa identifikasi waste tertinggi yang terjadi pada proses produksi UKM Tornado Printing adalah proses waiting dengan bobot 54,7%, Unnecessary Motion dengan bobot 45,3%. Usulan yang diberikan dengan memberikan pelatihan kepada karyawan tentang pentingnya disiplin dalam mengembalikan peralatan setelah digunakan juga sampaikan dampak negatif dari ketidakdisiplinan tersebut terhadap proses produksi dan produktivitas tim. Usulan berikutnya adalah perbaikan prosesnya adalah dengan mengganti metode teknologi dengan memakai lampu ultraviolet otomatis tanpa mengandalkan sinar UV matahari dan bisa dilakukan kapanpun agar mengurangi waiting time pada proses produksi sablon gelas minuman.
Optimasi Produksi pada UKM Rumah Dapoerabi
Authors: Fitri Fitri Janwarrizkika , Loyda Tarigan Elsya Paskaria 
Published: June 2024

Produksi mengacu pada kegiatan manusia yang menghasilkan produk, baik berupa barang maupun jasa, yang kemudian digunakan oleh konsumen. Dapoer Abi adalah UMKM di Tanjung Sengkuang yang bergerak di bidang produksi kue kering dan basah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kombinasi jumlah produksi kue untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimal. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Linear Programming metode simpleks. Hasil analisis Linear Programming metode simpleks dengan bantuan aplikasi POM-QM For Windows bahwa untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang optimal maka Dapoer Abi harus memproduksi kue maksuba 122 loyang, kue lapis legit 40 loyang, kue engkak ketan 122 loyang dengan keuntungan optimal setiap bulannya Rp. 15.820.000dalam periode satu bulan. Agar Dapoer Abi dapat meraih laba maksimal, disarankan untuk menggunakan metode simpleks dalam analisis linear programming untuk mengoptimalkan hasil olahan produksinya.
Occupy Wall Street : moment ou mouvement ? La difficulté d’évaluer une mobilisation sociale
Authors: Ouaked Saïd 
Published: June 2024

Les vingt dernières années ont été marquées par l'émergence de mobilisations sociales, comme Occupy Wall Street (OWS) aux Etats-Unis. Ces mobilisations ont été diversement interprétées : OWS a ainsi été considéré par certains comme un « moment » plutôt qu’un « mouvement ». Cependant, l’évaluation d’OWS soulève des questions complexes sur la nature et l’efficacité des mobilisations sociales, notamment en termes de durée et de résultats concrets. Les revendications d'OWS, centrées sur la justice sociale et la redistribution des richesses, n’ont pas eu les résultats espérés, conduisant à des débats sur la réussite ou l'échec du mouvement. Cependant, certains observateurs soutiennent qu’OWS a eu un impact durable en changeant le discours politique et en inspirant d’autres mouvements progressistes. En conclusion, l’héritage d'OWS demeure sujet à débat, mais il a contribué à redéfinir le paysage politique américain et à stimuler une nouvelle vague de mobilisations sociales.
Les Gilets jaunes : « nous sommes le peuple »
Authors: Puisais Eric 
Published: June 2024

Le mouvement des Gilets jaunes a fait couler beaucoup d’encre. Le monde politique comme les chercheurs en sciences sociales ont produit des analyses, partagé des lectures. Etait-ce la peine d’en rajouter ? Cet article ne propose pas de revenir sur tout ce qui a été produit sur la question, mais plutôt d’observer théoriquement ce mouvement pour réfléchir à l’évolution contemporaine de la notion de peuple dans les différentes conceptions de la démocratie. Les aspirations des Gilets jaunes, comme la réponse qui leur a été apportée politiquement marquent une distinction révélatrice d’une crise profonde de la chose politique.
De la politique de la rue à la lutte institutionnelle : le témoignage de deux militantes à travers le livre politique
Authors: Thouverez Ludivine 
Published: June 2024

L’institutionnalisation de certains mouvements sociaux de l’après 2008 a conduit à l’émergence d’une nouvelle élite, dont les codes et les discours se veulent en rupture avec ceux des partis traditionnels. Catherine Dorion, de Québec Solidaire, et Gala Pin, de Barcelone en Commun, en sont des exemples. Femmes, féministes et militantes, elles ont fait le choix d’assumer des responsabilités politiques et de relater cette expérience dans les ouvrages autobiographiques Les Têtes Brûlées et ¿Qué Pinto yo aquí ? Fondé sur les apports théoriques de Christian Le Bart, cette contribution entend déterminer si l’écriture de ces deux figures du militantisme rompt avec les canons des livres (de) politiques habituels et rend compte d’une évolution de la praxis politique au cours de la dernière décennie. Nous verrons que ces autrices se distinguent par une posture de rejet des attitudes dominantes, et le fait de trouver dans l’écriture un outil d’affirmation de soi, de ralentissement du temps et de réappropriation du corps.
Outcomes of combined mitochondria and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome therapy in rat acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis
Authors: Lin Kun-Chen , Fang Wen-Feng , Yeh Jui-Ning , Chiang John Y , Chiang Hsin-Ju , Shao Pei-Lin , Sung Pei-Hsun , Yip Hon-Kan 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
The treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicated by sepsis syndrome (SS) remains challenging.
AIM
To investigate whether combined adipose-derived mesenchymal-stem-cells (ADMSCs)-derived exosome (EXAD) and exogenous mitochondria (mitoEx) protect the lung from ARDS complicated by SS.
METHODS
In vitro study, including L2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in vivo study including male-adult-SD rats categorized into groups 1 (sham-operated-control), 2 (ARDS-SS), 3 (ARDS-SS + EXAD), 4 (ARDS-SS + mitoEx), and 5 (ARDS-SS + EXAD + mitoEx), were included in the present study.
RESULTS
In vitro study showed an abundance of mitoEx found in recipient-L2 cells, resulting in significantly higher mitochondrial-cytochrome-C, adenosine triphosphate and relative mitochondrial DNA levels (P < 0.001). The protein levels of inflammation [interleukin (IL)-1β/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/nuclear factor-κB/toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2)/apoptosis (cleaved-caspase3/cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase)] were significantly attenuated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated L2 cells with EXAD treatment than without EXAD treatment, whereas the protein expressions of cellular junctions [occluding/β-catenin/zonula occludens (ZO)-1/E-cadherin] exhibited an opposite pattern of inflammation (all P < 0.001). Animals were euthanized by 72 h post-48 h-ARDS induction, and lung tissues were harvested. By 72 h, flow cytometric analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated that the levels of inflammatory cells (Ly6G+/CD14+/CD68+/CD11b/c+/myeloperoxidase+) and albumin were lowest in group 1, highest in group 2, and significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 than in group 5 (all P < 0.0001), whereas arterial oxygen-saturation (SaO2%) displayed an opposite pattern of albumin among the groups. Histopathological findings of lung injury/fibrosis area and inflammatory/DNA-damaged markers (CD68+/γ-H2AX) displayed an identical pattern of SaO2% among the groups (all P < 0.0001). The protein expressions of inflammatory (TLR-4/MMP-9/IL-1β/TNF-α)/oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/p22phox/oxidized protein)/mitochondrial-damaged (cytosolic-cytochrome-C/dynamin-related protein 1)/autophagic (beclin-1/Atg-5/ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I) biomarkers exhibited a similar manner, whereas antioxidants [nuclear respiratory factor (Nrf)-1/Nrf-2]/cellular junctions (ZO-1/E-cadherin)/mitochondrial electron transport chain (complex I-V) exhibited an opposite manner of albumin among the groups (all P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Combined EXAD-mitoEx therapy was better than merely one for protecting the lung against ARDS-SS induced injury.
Menggali Makna dan Implikasi Ut Omnes Unum Sint di Yohanes 17:20-23 Serta Implementasinya Dalam Realitas Kehidupan Gereja
Authors: Haisoo Musa , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Putrawan Bobby Kurnia 
Published: June 2024

The “oneness of the church” is a struggle that gets attention in the intercession of the Lord Jesus, in John 17:20-23. “That they may all become one…” (ut omnes unum sint). The oneness of the church was implemented quite well in the early church. At that time the church lived all together and in the spirit of serving each other. However, conditions began to change when schism hit the church in the fifth century. Schism after schism which continues to last has damaged the harmony of inter-church relations, bringing forth attitudes and points of exclusivism towards one another. This condition is a fundamental obstacle in the efforts to uphold the church's oneness through the Oikoumene Movement. By using a qualitative research method, with a hermeneutical approach, the author attempts to explore the meaning of ut omnes unum sint based on the text of John 17:20-23. The author finds a fact that the oneness of the church desired by the Lord Jesus follows the pattern of the Trinity and that the Head of the Church stakes His glory above the oneness of His church. Therefore, the church needs to be aware of its responsibility to implement the hope in the intercession of the Lord Jesus by cultivating attitudes and inclusive points of view of one another.

“Keesaan gereja” merupakan seuah pergumulan yang mendapatkan perhatian di dalam doa syafaat Tuhan Yesus, dalam Yohanes 17:20-23. “Supaya mereka semua menjadi satu…” (ut omnes unum sint). Keesaan gereja nampak terimplementasikan dengan cukup baik di zaman gereja mula-mula. Pada masa itu gereja hidup dalam kesatuan dan dalam semangat saling melayani satu dengan yang lain. Namun keadaan mulai berubah sejak skisma melanda gereja sejak abad kelima. Skisma demi skisma yang terus terjadi hingga sekarang telah merusak keharmonisan hubungan antar gereja, melahirkan sikap dan pandangan eksklusivisme satu terhadap yang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggali makna dan implementasi Ut Omnes Unum Sint dan implementasinya dalam realitas kehidupan gereja. Kondisi ini menjadi kendala mendasar di dalam usaha untuk menegakkan keesaan gereja melalui gerakan Oikoumene dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatis, dengan pendekatan hermeneutika, penulis berupa untuk menggali makna dari ut omnes unum sint berdasarkan teks Yohanes 17:20-23 tersebut. Penulis menemukan fakta bahwa keesaan gereja yang dikehendaki oleh Tuhan Yesus adalah sesuai dengan pola keesaan Tritunggal, dan bahwa Sang Kepala Gereja itu mempertaruhkan kemuliaan-Nya di atas keesaan gereja-Nya. Oleh karena itu gereja perlu sadar akan tanggungjawabnya untuk mengimplementasikan harapan dalam doa syafaat Tuhan Yesus tersebut dengan menumbuhkan sikap dan pandangan inklusif satu sama lain.
Moralitas dalam Eksposisi Kejadian 2:18-24:
Authors: Tandana Ester Agustini 
Published: June 2024

Love is a central tenet of Christian ethics when it comes to moral absolutes. Indeed, what happens in our efforts to practice morals shows up in our reflections on the nature of morals as well. We are vulnerable to the temptation to reduce the biblical understanding of the rich moral meaning to its "outer shell alone, its echoes voiced most to express mercy in matters set forth by contemporary culture. We must dig deeper than the power of feelings. Passionate feelings of love cannot be equated with moral absolutes and cannot determine whether a person's sexuality is what it is. The ultimate authority to inform and control the desires of our hearts should rest with the Creator Himself. The modern phenomenon that occurs in the modern world cannot be considered as a so-called human right only, but this reality needs to be reviewed from what was raised in the exposition of Genesis 2. The LGBT phenomenon does not mean that people need to stay away and despise, but rather accept their humanity as humanity. This provides an opportunity for God to work in mankind's struggles. This study uses qualitative research that looks at the LGBT phenomenon in today's society. This phenomenon is then studied in previous research through literature, books, and journals to obtain research conclusions.

Kasih merupakan prinsip utama yang berada di pusat etika Kristen ketika berbicara moral absolut. Sesungguhnya yang terjadi dalam usaha kita untuk mempraktikkan moral muncul dalam refleksi kita tentang sifat moral juga. Diri kita rentan terhadap godaan untuk mengurangi pemahaman alkitabiah tentang makna moral yang kaya hanya pada “cangkang luarnya saja, gemanya paling banyak disuarakan untuk menyatakan belas kasihan dalam hal-hal yang dituangkan oleh budaya kontemporer. Kita harus menggali lebih dalam daripada kekuatan perasaan. Perasaan kasih yang menggebu-gebu tidak dapat disamakan dengan moral absolut dan tidak dapat menentukan apakah seksualitas seseorang tersebut memang kenyataannya seperti itu. Otoritas tertinggi untuk menginformasikan dan mengendalikan keinginan hati kita seharusnya ada pada Sang Pencipta sendiri. Fenomena LGBT yang terjadi di dunia modern ini tidak dapat dianggap sebagai hal yang disebut sebagai hak asasi manusia saja melainkan kenyataan ini perlu ditinjau dari apa yang diangkat dalam eksposisi Kejadian 2. Fenomena LGBT bukan berarti orang perlu menjauhi dan menganggap hina, melainkan menerima kemanusiaan mereka sebagai umat manusia. Hal ini memberikan kesempatan bagi Tuhan untuk bekerja dalam pergumulan umat manusia. Penelitian ini memakai penelitian kualitatif yang melihat fenomena LGBT dalam masyarakat sekarang ini. Fenomena ini kemudian dikaji dalam penelitian yang ada sebelumnya lewat literatur, buku-buku, jurnal-jurnal sehingga mendapatkan kesimpulan penelitian.
Analisis Konsep Tritunggal Allah dan Implikasinya berdasarkan Injil Yohanes
Authors: Pabisa Djonny , Eunike Pratiwi , Valentina Lista 
Published: June 2024

The concept of the Trinity, referring to God as one essence in three Persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, has been a subject of debate throughout Christian history. Although this doctrine is widely accepted in Christianity, its interpretation and understanding often vary among different Christian denominations and traditions. The type of research used is qualitative with a text analysis approach including text selection, text analysis, interpretation and theological context, and a study of relevant literature. The result is the concept of the Trinity in the Gospel of John, affirming the existence of one God who exists in three Persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The three persons are distinct but equal and the same in essence and divinity. They interact and relate to each other in ways that cannot be understood by humans because they are carried out according to God's incomprehensible ways. The implication of understanding the principle of the Trinity opens a new perspective on how we can interact and work together in various aspects of our lives. Although we are different, we are interconnected and need each other. Like the Trinity, we can work together in harmony, supporting each other, and achieving greater goals together.

Konsep Tritunggal Allah, merujuk kepada Allah sebagai satu esensi dalam tiga Pribadi: Bapa, Anak, dan Roh Kudus, telah menjadi subjek perdebatan sepanjang sejarah Kristen. Meskipun doktrin ini secara umum diterima secara luas dalam kekristenan, namun interpretasi dan pemahamannya seringkali bervariasi di antara berbagai denominasi dan tradisi Kristen. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis teks meliputi seleksi teks, analisis teks, penafsiran dan konteks tologis, dan kajian literatur yang relevan. Hasilnya, konsep Tritunggal Allah dalam Injil Yohanes, menegaskan adanya satu Allah yang eksis dalam tiga Pribadi: Bapa, Anak, dan Roh Kudus. Ketiga pribadi berbeda namun setara dan sama dalam esensi dan keilahian. Ketiga pribadi saling berinteraksi dan saling berelasi satu sama lain dalam cara yang tidak dapat dipahami oleh manusia karena dilakukaan menurut cara-Nya Allah yang tidak dapat dijelaskan dengan akal manusia. Implikasi pemahaman tentang prinsip Tritunggal Allah membuka perspektif baru tentang bagaimana kita dapat berinteraksi dan bekerja bersama dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan kita. Meski kita berbeda, kita saling terkait dan membutuhkan satu sama lain. Seperti Tritunggal Allah, kita bisa bekerja bersama dalam harmoni, saling mendukung, dan mencapai tujuan yang lebih besar bersama-sama.
The role of the idea of the Caucasian Confederation in the socio-political life of the North Caucasian emigration in the 1920s–1930s in Europe
Authors: Бабич И.Л. 
Published: June 2024

В статье проанализирована роль идеи создания Кавказской конфедерации как формы нового государства на Кавказе в общественно-политической жизни северо- кавказских эмигрантов в Европе в 1920–1930-е гг. Автор рассмотрел отношение к ней членов Зарубежной делегации Горской республики, идеологов различных северокавказ- ских партий («Народной партии горцев Кавказа») и общественных организаций в эми- грации. Северокавказские политики стремились создать исторический фундамент для распространения этой идеи в обществе (формирование идеи единой северокавказской нации, северокавказской идентичности) и т. д. Автор пришел к выводу, что северокав- казская эмиграция поддерживала идею Кавказской конфедерации, считая, что само- стоятельно они не смогут получить независимость для Северного Кавказа и создать собственное государство. В целом деятельность по поддержке идеи Кавказской кон- федерации для северокавказской истории оказалась малопродуктивной и малополезной.
The aim of this article is to study the role of the idea of creating the Caucasian Confederation as a form of a new state in the Caucasus in the socio-political life of North Caucasian emigrants in Europe in the 1920s–1930s. The author examined the attitude towards to the idea of members of the Foreign delegation of the Mountainous Republic, ideologists of various North Caucasian parties (“People's Party of the Caucasus Mountain People”) and social organizations in exile. North Caucasian politicians sought to create a historical foundation for the spread of this idea in society (formation of the idea of a single North Caucasian nation, North Caucasian identity), etc. The author came to the conclusion that the North Caucasian emigration supported the idea of the Caucasian Confederation, believing that on their own they would not be able to create independence on the North Caucasus and create their own state. In general, activities to support the idea of the Caucasian Confederation for North Caucasian history was unproductive and of little use for the socio-political life of North Caucasian emigrants in Europe in the 1920s–1930s.