bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Product comparison model in otolaryngology: Equivalency analysis of absorbable hemostatic agents after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Antisdel Jastin L. , Meyer Annika , Comer Brett , Jang David , Gurrola Jose , Khabbaz Eyad , Christopher Kara , Kountakis Stilianos 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisEvidence‐based medicine in otolaryngology literature continues to be lacking, especially with regard to new products brought to market. The marketing of products often includes statements of benefit that have limited objective support in research or literature. To address this, and to adequately determine product equivalency/superiority, careful evaluation must be made. In order to establish standards for this process in rhinology products, we directly compare three different absorbable hemostatic agents in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) after undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), using both objective and subjective outcomes.Study DesignDouble‐blinded prospective (level 1) comparison and equivalency analysis of three plant‐based absorbable hemostatic agents (carboxymethylcellulose [CMC] gel, mucopolysaccharide hemospheres (MPH), and potato starch wafer) in patients undergoing bilateral ESS.MethodsPatients with medically refractory CRS who underwent bilateral ESS were recruited and prospectively followed. At the conclusion of ESS, one of three different hemostatic agents was applied to each nasal passage. Subjective patient data was obtained using rated symptoms compared between the two sides (nasal obstruction, bleeding, pain, and nasal discharge) at baseline and on postoperative days 1, 7, and 14. Objective data was obtained by blinded endoscopic scoring to rate mucosal edema, inflammation, granulation, crusting, infection, and synechiae formation on postoperative weeks 1, 3, and 6.ResultsForty‐eight patients who underwent ESS for CRS were included. There is no statistical difference in subjective scores for any of the variables measured, although (MPH) nearly reached statistical significance at postoperative day 7 for increased pain (P = 0.06) and obstruction (P = 0.22). Objective measures showed equivalency between all products, except the CMC gel approached significance at week 3 for increased crusting (P = 0.10), granulation (P = 0.24), and debridement (P = 0.07). At 6 weeks, increased debridement (P = 0.14) also approached significance.ConclusionCareful and deliberate consideration should be taken when choosing products to assist our surgical endeavors. Subjectively, patients treated with MPH showed near‐significant increases in pain and obstruction. In objective measures, CMC gel nearly reaches significance for more postoperative debridement, with increased crusting and inflammation. Product choice could consider these factors, although it remains at the discretion of the surgeon. This model of comparison allows careful product comparison and should be applied to other hemostatics, as well as other materials in use in otolaryngology.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 126:S5–S13, 2016
The chemistry, mechanism and function of tricresyl phosphate (TCP) as an anti‐wear lubricant additive
Authors: Guan Bihan , Pochopien Bernadeta A. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe detailed understanding of the physical and reaction chemistry of engineering lubricants is key to new developments in the future. Here, we draw together the main chemical/engineering literature in the first systematic review of the standard anti‐wear additive used as an aviation lubricant, tricresyl phosphate (TCP), focusing on understanding the links between the surface chemistry, tribology and decomposition of TCP. While there is still debate concerning the mechanism of TCP, it is clear that it is activated by moisture, oxygen or oxidised metal surfaces. Its anti‐wear properties arise from the resulting formation of iron phosphate or polyphosphate on the contact surfaces. Evidence stresses the importance of chemistry at the boundary layer and a mechanism involving pre‐coordination of TCP at the surface, resulting in activation at the P‐centre and subsequent attack by residual H2O or surface O2−. This perspective provides a potential baseline for the development of future phosphorus‐based high‐performance additives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Versatile Protein Nanogels Prepared by In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Ye Yanqi , Yu Jicheng , Gu Zhen 
Published: October 2015

Proteins with unique structure and function have tremendous applications for cancer treatment, vaccination, diagnosis, regenerative medicine, and therapies for loss‐of‐function genetic diseases. A general method of loading and delivering active forms of proteins toward cells and tissues is highly desirable for remaining activity, enhancing stability, and avoiding potential immunogenicity of proteins. Nanogels with cross‐linked structure provide a versatile platform for storage and release of proteins. Herein, the recent advances in protein nanogels made by the in situ polymerization method, from preparation to application are summarized. A range of stimuli‐responsive formulations for on‐demand release, in a spatial, temporal, and dosage‐controlled manner, is highlighted. Future opportunities as well as challenges of protein nanogels are also discussed.
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Coacervation of Elastin‐Like Recombinamer Microgels
Authors: Singh Smriti , Demco Dan Eugen , Rahimi Khosrow , Fechete Radu , Rodriguez‐Cabello José Carlos , Möller Martin 
Published: October 2015

The investigation of the coacervation (self‐aggregation) behavior of biomicrogels which can potentially be used as drug carriers is an important topic, because self‐aggregation can not only cause loss of activity, but also toxicity and immunogenicity. To study this effect microgels from elastin‐like recombinamer are synthesized using miniemulsion technique. The existence of coacervation for such microgels, at different concentrations and temperatures, is studied and proved by cryo‐field emission scanning clectron microscopy (cryo‐FESEM), cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), and by a novel 1H high‐resolution magic angle sample spinning (HRMAS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and relaxometry methods. The findings by 1H HRMAS NMR spectroscopy and relaxometry show simultaneous processes of volume phase temperature transition and coacervation with different sensitivity for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid side‐chains in the microgel. The coacervation process is more evidential by the behavior of glycine α‐CH2, 1H NMR peak as compared to the proline β‐CH2.
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Alternating Intramolecular and Intermolecular Catalyst‐Transfer Suzuki–Miyaura Condensation Polymerization: Synthesis of Boronate‐Terminated π‐Conjugated Polymers Using Excess Dibromo Monomers
Authors: Nojima Masataka , Kosaka Kentaro , Kato Masaru , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: October 2015

The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization of dibromoarene 1 and arylenediboronic acid (ester) 2 with a Pd catalyst having a high propensity for intramolecular catalyst transfer is reported. The polymerization of excess 1 with 2 affords high‐molecular‐weight π‐conjugated polymer having boronic acid (ester) moieties at both ends, contrary to Flory's principle. This unstoichiometric polycondensation behavior is accounted for by intramolecular transfer of the Pd catalyst on 1. In the polymerization of 1 and 2 having different aryl residues, high‐molecular‐weight polymer is obtained when the stronger donor aromatic is used as the dibromo monomer and the weaker donor or acceptor aromatic is used as diboronic acid (ester) monomer. The pinacol boronate moieties at both ends of the obtained poly(p‐phenylene) (PPP) can be converted to benzoic acid ester, hydroxyl group, and bromine. Furthermore, the reaction of the pinacol boronate‐terminated PPP with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) having bromine at one end yields a triblock copolymer of P3HT‐b‐PPP‐b‐P3HT.
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Selective spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized pyruvate and its metabolites using a single‐echo variable phase advance method in balanced SSFP
Authors: Varma Gopal , Wang Xiaoen , Vinogradov Elena , Bhatt Rupal S. , Sukhatme Vikas P. , Seth Pankaj , Lenkinski Robert E. , Alsop David C. , Grant Aaron K. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeIn balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP), the signal intensity has a well‐known dependence on the off‐resonance frequency, or, equivalently, the phase advance between successive radiofrequency (RF) pulses. The signal profile can be used to resolve the contributions from the spectrally separated metabolites. This work describes a method based on use of a variable RF phase advance to acquire spatial and spectral data in a time‐efficient manner for hyperpolarized 13C MRI.Theory and MethodsThe technique relies on the frequency response from a bSSFP acquisition to acquire relatively rapid, high‐resolution images that may be reconstructed to separate contributions from different metabolites. The ability to produce images from spectrally separated metabolites was demonstrated in vitro, as well as in vivo following administration of hyperpolarized 1‐13C pyruvate in mice with xenograft tumors.ResultsIn vivo images of pyruvate, alanine, pyruvate hydrate, and lactate were reconstructed from four images acquired in 2 s with an in‐plane resolution of 1.25 × 1.25 mm2 and 5 mm slice thickness.ConclusionThe phase advance method allowed acquisition of spectroscopically selective images with high spatial and temporal resolution. This method provides an alternative approach to hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopic MRI that can be combined with other techniques such as multiecho or fluctuating equilibrium bSSFP. Magn Reson Med 76:1102–1115, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous urethral pressure measurements; measurement techniques; pressure variations; clinical interpretations; and clinical relevance. A Systematic Literature Analysis
Authors: Kummeling Maxime T.M. , Rosier Peter F.W.M. , Elzevier Henk W. , Groenendijk Pieter M. 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe clinical relevance of urethral pressure variations (UPV) in the pathophysiology of over active bladder syndrome (OAB) has remained controversial to date. Some studies report an association with OAB and/or detrusor over activity (DO). Recently the International Consultation on Incontinence—Research Society recommended new clinical research to be performed on this subject. We provide a systematic review of the literature to specify this recommendation.MethodsLiterature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Central, Cinahl, Academic Science Premier, Science Direct, and Wiley Online using a sensitive search string combination. All authors independently reviewed and scored full text papers and consensus about methodological quality was obtained according to Oxford Level of Evidence (LoE).ResultsFour hundred eighty seven abstracts were screened, 25 papers met all predefined inclusion selection criteria. Incidence figures of UPV varied between 2% and 95%. Studies are of poor methodological quality with Oxford LoE scores of 3B and 4. Measurement methods and techniques show a large variety. The above mentioned association of DO/OAB with UPV is however frequently reported.ConclusionThere exists a phenomenon of UPV, apart from DO, which may be a separate entity within OAB syndrome. Large variation in measurement techniques and patient populations hinders fundamental research as well as clinical progress. Clinical relevance of UPV and consequences for treatment therefore are yet to be established. Future prospective research with well‐defined patient population and standardised urodynamic measurement techniques is needed. Results of standardized and objective evaluations should be compared to clinical signs and symptoms by validated questionnaires. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:51–56, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperbranched polymer structures via flexible blade flow coating
Authors: Liu Yujie , Lee Dong Yun , Monteux Cécile , Crosby Alfred J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTEvaporative self‐assembly has been shown to be a scalable method for organizing nonvolatile solutes, for example, nanoparticles; however, the influence of substrate surface energy on this technique has not been studied extensively. In this work, we utilized an evaporative self‐assembly process based upon flexible blade flow coating to fabricate organized structures that have been modified to systematically vary surface energy. We focused on patterning of polystyrene. We observed a variety of polystyrene structures including dots, hyperbranched patterns, stripes, and lines that can be deposited on substrates with a range of wetting properties. We explained the mechanism for these structural formations based on the competition between Marangoni flow, friction, and viscosity. The development of this fundamental knowledge is important for controlling hierarchical manufacturing of nanoscale objects with different surface chemistries and compositions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 32–37
MiR-375 is Essential for Human Spinal Motor Neuron Development and May Be Involved in Motor Neuron Degeneration
Authors: Bhinge Akshay , Namboori Seema C. , Bithell Angela , Soldati Chiara , Buckley Noel J. , Stanton Lawrence W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The transcription factor REST is a key suppressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissues. REST has been shown to suppress proneuronal microRNAs in neural progenitors indicating that REST-mediated neurogenic suppression may act in part via microRNAs. We used neural differentiation of Rest-null mouse ESC to identify dozens of microRNAs regulated by REST during neural development. One of the identified microRNAs, miR-375, was upregulated during human spinal motor neuron development. We found that miR-375 facilitates spinal motor neurogenesis by targeting the cyclin kinase CCND2 and the transcription factor PAX6. Additionally, miR-375 inhibits the tumor suppressor p53 and protects neurons from apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Interestingly, motor neurons derived from a spinal muscular atrophy patient displayed depressed miR-375 expression and elevated p53 protein levels. Importantly, SMA motor neurons were significantly more susceptible to DNA damage induced apoptosis suggesting that miR-375 may play a protective role in motor neurons.
Changes in habitat use and nesting density in a declining seabird colony
Authors: Rebstock Ginger A. , Boersma P. Dee , García‐Borboroglu Pablo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSeabirds in expanding colonies select the highest‐quality nesting habitat, but habitat selection has seldom been studied in declining colonies. We studied a colony of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) that declined from 314,000 active nests in 1987 to 201,000 in 2014. As expected, nest quality and reproductive success were higher in burrow habitats than in other habitats, and nest density decreased with distance from shore. Contrary to predictions, the steepest declines did not occur in the poorest‐quality habitat (scrub) or near the inland colony edge and the colony area did not shrink. In agreement with predictions, penguins shifted from nests with less cover to nests with more cover. The highest nest densities and the steepest declines were in habitats of large bushes and bush clusters. As the population declined penguins abandoned nests on the edges of large bushes. Constraints on penguin habitat‐use changes include strong area and nest‐site fidelity, increased avian predation in high‐density areas, soil characteristics, and the costs of making and maintaining nests. Contrary to conventional wisdom we found low‐density, poor‐quality scrub habitat (which covers >70 % of the colony area) contained 45 % of active nests, produced 44 % of fledglings, and was as important as high‐quality habitat for reproductive output. Our research shows that all habitats in a declining colony of seabirds have value for conservation.
Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes in a bi-ethnic cohort: the Behaviors Affecting Baby and You (B.A.B.Y.) Study
Authors: Nobles Carrie J. , Markenson Glenn , Chasan-Taber Lisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is common during pregnancy and higher in Hispanic as compared with non-Hispanic white women. However, the association between vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes remains unclear and may vary across ethnic groups, in part because of genetic variation in the metabolism of vitamin D. Few studies have included Hispanic women. Therefore, we investigated this association among 237 participants in the Behaviors Affecting Baby and You Study, a randomised trial of an exercise intervention among ethnically diverse prenatal care patients in Massachusetts. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at 15·2 (sd 4·7) weeks’ gestation. Information on adverse pregnancy outcomes was abstracted from medical records. Mean 25(OH)D was 30·4 (sd 12·0) ng/ml; 53·2 % of participants had insufficient (<30 ng/ml) and 20·7 % had deficient (<20 ng/ml) 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting for month of blood draw, gestational age at blood draw, gestational age at delivery, age, BMI and Hispanic ethnicity, women with insufficient and deficient vitamin D had infants with birth weights 139·74 (se 69·16) g (P=0·045) and 175·52 (se 89·45) g (P=0·051) lower compared with women with sufficient vitamin D levels (≥30 ng/ml). Each 1 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with an increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus among Hispanic women only (relative risk 1·07; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·11) in multivariable analysis. We did not observe statistically significant associations between maternal vitamin D status and other pregnancy outcomes. Our findings provide further support for an adverse impact of vitamin D deficiency on birth weight in Hispanic women.
Dietary inflammatory index and endometrial cancer risk in an Italian case–control study
Authors: Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Zucchetto Antonella , Montella Maurizio , Serraino Diego , La Vecchia Carlo , Rossi Marta 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe relation between inflammation deriving from diet and endometrial cancer risk has not yet been investigated. In this study, we explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and endometrial cancer risk in an Italian case–control study. Cases comprised 454 patients with incident, histologically confirmed carcinoma of the endometrium, and controls comprised 908 subjects admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions. DII scores were computed on the basis of dietary intake assessed using a reproducible and valid seventy-eight-item FFQ. OR were calculated through logistic regression models conditioned on age and study centre and adjusted for recognised confounding factors, including total energy intake. Women with the most pro-inflammatory diet had a higher risk for endometrial cancer compared with women with the most anti-inflammatory diet (ORQuartile 4v.11·46; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·11;Ptrend=0·04). A pro-inflammatory diet may increase the risk for endometrial cancer.
Effect of sardine proteins on hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity, in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Benaicheta Nora , Labbaci Fatima Z. , Bouchenak Malika , Boukortt Farida O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor of CVD. The effects of purified sardine proteins (SP) were examined on glycaemia, insulin sensitivity and reverse cholesterol transport in T2D rats. Rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks, and injected with a low dose of streptozotocin, were used. The diabetic rats were divided into four groups, and they were fed casein (CAS) or SP combined with 30 or 5 % lipids, for 4 weeks. HFD-induced hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia in rats fed HFD, regardless of the consumed protein. In contrast, these parameters lowered in rats fed SP combined with 5 or 30 % lipids, and serum insulin values reduced in SPv.CAS. HFD significantly increased total cholesterol and TAG concentrations in the liver and serum, whereas these parameters decreased with SP, regardless of lipid intake. Faecal cholesterol excretion was higher with SPv. CAS, combined with 30 or 5 % lipids. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and HDL3-phospholipids (PL) were higher in CAS-HF than in CAS, whereas HDL2-cholesteryl esters (CE) were lower. Otherwise, LCAT activity and HDL2-CE were higher in the SP group than in the CAS group, whereas HDL3-PL and HDL3-unesterified cholesterol were lower. Moreover, LCAT activity lowered in the SP-HF group than in the CAS-HF group, when HDL2-CE was higher. In conclusion, these results indicate the potential effects of SP to improve glycaemia, insulin sensitivity and reverse cholesterol transport, in T2D rats.
An integrative taxonomic study reveals a new species ofTylodelphysDiesing, 1950 (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in central and northern Mexico
Authors: García-Varela M. , Sereno-Uribe A.L. , Pinacho-Pinacho C.D. , Hernández-Cruz E. , Pérez-Ponce de León G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTylodelphys aztecaen. sp. (Digenea: Diplostomidae) is described from adult specimens obtained from the intestine of the pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) and the metacercariae found in the body cavity of freshwater fishes of the families Goodeidae and Cyprinidae in eight localities across central and northern Mexico. The new species is mainly distinguished from the other four described species ofTylodelphysfrom the Americas (T. adulta, T. americana, T. elongataandT. brevis) by having a forebody slightly concave, a larger ventral sucker, two larger pseudosuckers and by having between 2 and 7 eggs in the uterus. Partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochromecoxidase subunit I (cox1), and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1+5.8S+ ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA, were generated for both developmental stages and compared with available sequences in GenBank of other congeners. The genetic divergence estimated amongTylodelphys aztecaen. sp. and other congeneric species varied from 12 to 15% forcox1, and from 3 to 11% for ITS. In contrast, the genetic divergence among metacercariae and adults of the new species was very low, ranging between 0 and 1% forcox1and between 0 and 0.3% for ITS. Phylogenetic analyses inferred with both molecular markers using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference placed the adults and their metacercariae in a single clade, confirming that both stages are conspecific. The morphological evidence and the genetic divergence, in combination with the reciprocal monophyly in both phylogenetic trees, support the hypothesis that the diplostomids found in the intestines of the pied-billed grebe bird and the body cavity from goodeid and cyprinid fishes in central and northern Mexico represent a new species.
The Response of Futures Prices to New Market Information: The Case of Live Hogs
Authors: Miller Steve 
Published: October 2015

Writing about empirical tests of stock market efficiency, Fama et al. [2, p. 1] noted that
“… the usual procedure has been to infer market efficiency from the observed independence of successive price changes. There has been very little actual testing of the speed of adjustment of prices to specific kinds of new information.”