bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnostic Value of Conventional MRI Combined With Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging in Microprolactinomas
Authors: Wang Min‐Yang , Yu Ying , Han Yu , Yang Yang , Jiang Wan , Liu Jin , Yan Lin‐Feng , Cui Guang‐Bin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundTurbo spin‐echo (TSE) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequences may reduce susceptibility artifacts and image distortion in sellar region, allowing better visualization of small pituitary lesions, and may be used to assist in the diagnosis of pituitary microadenomas.PurposeTo explore the application value of conventional MRI combined with DWI sequences in the diagnosis of microprolactinomas.Study TypeProspective.PopulationThirty‐four patients in microprolactinomas with high signal on T2WI (HT2‐PRL) group (34 females, 34 ± 7 years), 26 patients in microprolactinomas with equal or low signal on T2WI (ELT2‐PRL) group (21 females, 34 ± 7 years), 35 patients with hyperprolactinemia (33 females, 32 ± 8 years), and 30 normal controls (25 females, 31 ± 7 years).Field Strength/SequenceTSE sequence at 3 T.AssessmentPituitary morphological parameters (such as length and volume), dynamic contrast‐enhanced parameters (such as time to peak) and the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured in each group.Statistical TestsANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare parameters among groups. Spearman's coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between variables. ROC analysis was used to assess the performance of the parameters. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe pituitary volume of patients in HT2‐PRL, ELT2‐PRL, and hyperprolactinemia group were 831.00 (747.60, 887.60), 923.63 ± 219.34, and 737.20 (606.40, 836.80) mm3. The pituitary maximum height in these three groups were 7.03 (6.43, 8.63), 8.03 ± 1.41, and 6.63 ± 1.28 mm, respectively. The lesion ADC value was significantly correlated with T2 relative signal intensity (the ratio of signal intensity of microprolactinoma or anterior pituitary to left temporal cortex) (r = 0.821). Compared with patients with hyperprolactinemia, the diagnostic efficacy of T2 relative signal intensity was higher in HT2‐PRL group, with an AUC of 0.954, whereas the ADC value was the highest in ELT2‐PRL group, with an AUC of 0.924.ConclusionDWI sequences can be used to assist in the diagnosis of pituitary microadenomas.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Investigating the skills of HighResMIP in capturing historical and future mean precipitation shifts over Pakistan
Authors: Eman Kanzul , Chung Eun‐Sung , Ayugi Brian Odhiambo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimatic change over the globe due to global warming affects the characteristics of climate variables that have critical implications on large fraction of population that depends on agriculture for livelihood like Pakistan. Consequently, this study examined how high horizontal grid resolution CMIP6 models simulate the observed precipitation variability during 1981–2014 and further explored the future changes during 2017–2050 under high emission scenario SSP5‐8.5 over Pakistan region. The performances of 12 (CMIP6) High Resolution Model Inter‐comparison Project version 1.0 (hereafter; HighResMIP) GCMs and their ensemble means in reproducing the observed climate were calculated at each station in the study domain and formed the basis for deriving HighResMIP ranking. Further, the study employed Shannon's Entropy and a modified version of Criteria Importance through Inter‐Criteria Correlation (D‐CRITIC) method to build an ensemble mean from the best performing models. Evaluation of HighResMIP GCMs performance revealed that most models showed mixed signals in the region, with fewer models such as HadGEM3‐GC31‐HH, HadGEM3‐GC31‐HM and HadGEM3‐GC31‐MM showing good agreement with the observed precipitation. Overall, HighResMIP multi‐model ensemble outperforms precipitation distribution over individual models. D‐CRITIC based ensemble mean implies higher increase in precipitation than entropy approach. Future changes depict an increase in mean annual in the northern region relative to the historical period. A pronounced increase of about 16%–18% in precipitation was noted in HadGEM3‐GC31‐HH and HiRAM‐SIT‐HR. Conversely, FGOAL‐f3‐H project noteworthy reduction (21%) in precipitation in the near future (2017–2050). The projected seasonal precipitation shows upsurge pattern of 5%–28% in pre‐monsoon season, whereas the reduction in monsoon precipitation is projected to be 29%–40%. The findings of this study can help in building future climate resilience and developing strategic policies in Pakistan.
Bone remodeling after revision total hip arthroplasty for large acetabular defects
Authors: Ramesh Angelika , Di Laura Anna , De Angelis Sara , Henckel Johann , Hart Alister 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge acetabular bone defects are challenging in hip revision surgery. Clinical assessment is crucial to evaluate modern technologies in surgical reconstruction. We aimed to better understand the bone remodeling that occurs following acetabular reconstruction. Our objectives were: (1) To characterize changes in the shape of the pelvis by studying sequential computed tomography (CT) scans collected immediately and 1‐year postoperatively and (2) to identify which part of the pelvis is most susceptible to remodeling. We used the CT scans taken at two timepoints, of 24 patients with acetabular bone defects classified as Paprosky IIIB, treated with three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed custom‐made acetabular implants. Segmented 3D models of the bony pelvis were co‐registered using three different techniques. A global co‐registration of the full pelvis was conducted, followed by the co‐registration of the innominate bone and then ilium only, on the ipsilateral reconstructed side. The relative movements of the ilium, ischium, and pubis were analyzed from visual inspection and using co‐registration metrics (root mean square error and intersection over union). No bone remodeling was found in 14/24 patients (58%). The co‐registration of the innominate bone indicated bone remodeling in five cases (21%), while the remaining five cases (21%) presented remodeling in the global co‐registration but not the innominate bone co‐registration, suggestive of changes occurring at the sacroiliac joint. Changes in the pelvic shape were greatest at the pubis and ischium. Bone remodeling may occur in complex cases of Paprosky type IIIB defects, after acetabular reconstruction (occurrence of 21%, 5/24 cases). Surgeons and engineers should consider this when monitoring implant migration.
Consilience in practice: social–ecological dynamics of the Lake Volvi region (Greece) during the last two millennia
Authors: Masci Lucrezia , Liakopoulos Georgios C. , Gromig Raphael , Kolovos Elias , Kouli Katerina , Moros Matthias , Sadori Laura , Sarantis Alexander , Slavin Philip , Sypiański Jakub , Vidras Georgios , Vignola Cristiano , Wagner Bernd , Izdebski Adam , Masi Alessia 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe Lake Volvi area, part of the region of Macedonia (northern Greece), is a biodiversity hotspot, located in the central part of a major communication corridor connecting the western and eastern parts of the Balkans. The sediment succession from Lake Volvi is investigated here to provide a unique high‐resolution pollen and geochemical record for the last 2000 years combining palaeoecological and historical methods, implementing the concept of consilience. The palaeoecological data document the environmental dynamics since the occupation of the area by the Romans. The vegetation changes reveal the development of wetland habitats and the variations of the mixed deciduous oak and thermophilous–mesophilous forests, as well as cereal cultivation, grazing and arboriculture, whose intensity varied over time. Archaeological data are available for the 1st millennium ce, but detailed historical evidence becomes accessible from the 13th century
ce onwards through Byzantine and Ottoman documents. Both historical and palaeoecological data indicate that the 16th century was the period of strongest population pressure on the environment of the Volvi region. However, for other periods, it is possible to observe disagreements between the proxies. We demonstrate that these contradictions can be resolved with a more complex understanding of the region's social–ecological dynamics.
Inhibitory effects of essential oils on the growth of grain storage molds and the formation of aflatoxin in stored organic corn grains
Authors: Iwayemi Esther F. , Yu Jianmei , Rehrah Djaafar , Davis Shurrita S. , Williams Leonard L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMold contamination in post‐harvest grain storage degrades grain quality and produces mycotoxins, causing economic losses and health issues. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of six essential oils (cinnamon, clove, eugenol, orange terpenes, oregano, and thyme oil) on total and specific mold genera growth using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and selective media plates, respectively, at different concentrations of EOs (0–0.8 mg/mL). The antifungal index (AI) of each treatment were measured after 7 days incubation at 22°C. The fungicidal activity of EOs in stored organic corn grains was tested using a simulated fumigation method, and the aflatoxin contents in the corn grains were determined biweekly for 6 weeks.ResultsResults indicate that the tested EOs, except orange terpenes, significantly inhibited mold growth. Overall, eugenol demonstrated the highest effectiveness against total mold growth with cinnamon oil following closely behind. The cinnamon oil also consistently showed highest AI and lowest IC50 (0.065 mg/mL) against the growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium followed by clove oil with IC50 being 0.12 mg/mL. The Fusarium spp. was more sensitive to EOs, particularly cinnamon oil (IC50 = 0.006 mg/mL), and eugenol and oregano oil (IC50 = 0.01 mg/mL). In the simulated fumigation tests, cinnamon, oregano, and thyme oils at 0.05 mL/25 g corn significantly inhibited the mold growth and aflatoxin production at water activity 0.85, and temperature 25 and 35°C over a period of 42 days storage.ConclusionThe EOs tested in this study except orange terpenes can potentially serve as alternatives to toxic synthetic fungicides/fumigants for organic corn grain protection during storage.
Release of CM‐12 from A2‐type casein by the cleavage of Ser–Leu–Xaa at the C‐terminus using Aspergillus oryzae alkaline protease
Authors: Yingjie Cui , Fukunaga Moe , Hayashi Nobuhiro , Orihara Kanami , Miyanaga Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Naoyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAspergillus oryzae protease can release the opioid peptide β‐casomorphin‐10 (CM‐10, YPFPGPIPNS, 60–69) from A2‐type casein. However, not only is the yield of the active peptide low, but the key enzyme involved in processing has yet to be identified.RESULTSA significant amount of the opioid peptide 60YPFPGPIPNSLP71 (CM‐12) was produced from the A2‐type casein peptide 53AQTQSLVYPFPGPIPNSLPQNIPPLTQTPV82 when the active protease in A. oryzae protease extract was fractionated with DEAE‐Sepharose. The fractionated enzyme produced CM‐12 from bovine A2‐type casein but not from bovine A1 casein. A major protein of 34 kDa was purified and identified as an alkaline protease (Alp). Motif prediction of the Alp cleavage site using Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation analysis revealed preferable cleavage at the C‐terminal end of Ser–Leu–Xaa for the release of CM‐12. A2‐type casein hydrolysate by Alp exhibited similar levels of opioid activity to that of synthetic CM‐12 in cAMP‐Glo assays with μ‐opioid receptor‐expressing HEK293 cells. These results suggest that CM‐12 is a major opioid peptide in the casein hydrolysate.CONCLUSIONOur findings showed that Alp fractionated from A. oryzae protease extract produced the opioid peptide CM‐12 from A2‐type casein as a result of preferential cleavage at the C‐terminal end of Ser–Leu–Xaa and the removal of coexisting enzymes. Moreover, docking predictions suggested a stable interaction between CM‐12 and the 3D structure of Alp. Casein hydrolysate with Alp‐containing CM‐12 has the potential for use as a bioactive peptide material with opioid activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sphenoid Sinus Fungal Ball and Reestablishing Sinus Function
Authors: Meerwein Christian M. , Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Lindsay Blake , Sacks Peta‐Lee , Kalish Larry , Campbell Raewyn G. , Sacks Ray R. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThe aim was to assess the developmental attributes of sphenoid sinuses affected by fungal balls and describe a surgical approach which reestablishes gravity‐dependent drainage to compensate for any mucociliary dysfunction.MethodsA within‐patient case–control analysis was performed on sphenoid sinus dimensions from patients with sphenoid sinus fungal ball (SSFB). Radiological dimensions were assessed to determine the dominant or larger sinus by volume and width. Pneumatization in the sagittal and lateral extent was assessed. The influence of sinus size and pneumatization variants within a patient was analyzed. Patency and the presence of mucostasis from radical reshaping of the sinus cavity were documented at least 3 months after surgery. Complications (bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and cranial nerve palsy) were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (59 ± 19 years, 86% female, 46 sphenoid sinuses) were assessed. Fungal ball was more common in the smaller (non‐dominant) sinus, by width (78% vs. 22%, p < 0.01) and by proportion of total sphenoid volume (0.39 ± 0.16 vs. 0.61 ± 0.16, p < 0.01). Pneumatization variants did not influence the development of SSFB within a patient. All patients had patency and the absence of mucostasis or persistent inflammation at last follow‐up. No complications were reported.ConclusionThe smaller or nondominant sphenoid sinus is more affected by SSFB. Surgical reshaping of the sphenoid to prevent mucostasis is favorable in managing the smaller affected sinus cavity.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4888–4892, 2024
Combined CO2 Laser Vaporization and Bleomycin Injection to Treat Huge Adult Laryngeal Vascular Anomalies: Innovative Application of CO2 Laser in Otolaryngology
Authors: Wu Xiufa , Zhang Jing , Fang Rui , Wei Chunsheng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the value of CO2 laser vaporization in treating huge adult laryngeal vascular anomalies (HALVAs) by combining it with bleomycin injection.Materials and MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the records of 13 adult patients who underwent 18 different procedures. Methods to treat HALVAs include traditional bleomycin injection and CO2 laser vaporization combined with bleomycin injection between September 2009 and January 2023. Treatment results were evaluated by the grade of lumen constriction.ResultsA total of five males and eight females, with an average age of 46.3 years (range, 22–66 years), were included in the study. The huge adult laryngeal vascular anomalies in our study were greater than 1633.71 mm3, and the long diameters of the bases were longer than 15 mm. Compared with the bleomycin injection‐only group, the results with the CO2 laser vaporization and bleomycin injection combined were better.ConclusionsBoth bleomycin injection and CO2 laser vaporization are safe treatment methods. Their combination may produce better results for huge adult laryngeal vascular anomalies.
Power from words: The influence of brand activism message framing on consumer purchase intention
Authors: Xie Shengcheng , Wei Haiying , Chen Siyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrand activism is a widespread phenomenon, yet strategies for leveraging activism messages to yield positive consumer responses and enhance brand equity are not well understood. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of activism message framing (hope vs. frustration) from the perspectives of message and inspiration. The results of five experimental studies revealed that (hope‐framed vs. frustration‐framed) activism messages can inspire consumers and enhance their purchase intentions towards related brands. The stimulation of growth mindsets among consumers amplifies the positive effects of activism message framing, while the salience of activism issues can reverse the negative reactions caused by frustrating messages and consumers' fixed mindsets. These insights not only contribute to existing brand activism literature by explaining the psychological mechanisms and influential elements of activism message framing effects, but also provide valuable guidance to marketers in developing brand activism strategies and effectively communicating relevant information.
Can enterprise digital transformation improve ESG performance?
Authors: Liu Ziming , Chen Zhao , Hu Ling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRegarding China's A‐share‐listed companies as research samples, we construct an empirical model to test the impact of corporate digital transformation on ESG performance. We find that a corporate digital transformation improves its ESG performance. Moreover, the higher the quality of environmental information and the efficiency of external resource allocation, the greater the role of digital transformation on ESG performance. Finally, the ESG performance ameliorates the financing and green performance of enterprises. Our research shows a new perspective for study on the digital transformation and sustainable development of enterprises, meanwhile experience summary for improving China's ESG scoring system and governance.
Decision‐making for others: Ambiguity attitudes
Authors: Mercer Antonio Carlos , Póvoa Angela Cristiane Santos , Pech Wesley 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigated decision‐making for others in ambiguous settings. In an online survey, subjects were asked to make decisions for themselves, and for other people. In Experiment 1, ambiguity was conveyed in numerical ranges. In Experiment 2, we used verbal probabilities expressions to convey uncertainty. Decisions encompass three degrees of ambiguity (low, moderate, and high). Consistent with previous literature findings, our results showed no significant differences between self‐other decision‐making on ambiguity. We build on the existing literature on ambiguity attitudes, emphasizing the use of verbal probability expressions to measure ambiguity, and provide novel evidence into decision‐making for others.
How to accurately quantify brain magnetic susceptibility in the context of Parkinson's disease: Validation on phantoms and healthy volunteers at 1.5 and 3 T
Authors: Hervouin Aurélien , Bézy‐Wendling Johanne , Noury Fanny 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrently, brain iron content represents a new neuromarker for understanding the physiopathological mechanisms leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). In vivo quantification of biological iron is possible by reconstructing magnetic susceptibility maps obtained using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Applying QSM is challenging, as up to now, no standardization of acquisition protocols and phase image processing has emerged from referenced studies. Our objectives were to compare the accuracy and the sensitivity of 10 QSM pipelines built from algorithms from the literature, applied on phantoms data and on brain data. Two phantoms, with known magnetic susceptibility ranges, were created from several solutions of gadolinium chelate. Twenty healthy volunteers from two age groups were included. Phantoms and brain data were acquired at 1.5 and 3 T, respectively. Susceptibility‐weighted images were obtained using a 3D multigradient‐recalled‐echo sequence. For brain data, 3D anatomical T1‐ and T2‐weighted images were also acquired to segment the deep gray nuclei of interest. Concerning in vitro data, the linear dependence of magnetic susceptibility versus gadolinium concentration and deviations from the theoretically expected values were calculated. For brain data, the accuracy and sensitivity of the QSM pipelines were evaluated in comparison with results from the literature and regarding the expected magnetic susceptibility increase with age, respectively. A nonparametric Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare the magnetic susceptibility quantification in deep gray nuclei between the two age groups. Our methodology enabled quantifying magnetic susceptibility in human brain and the results were consistent with those from the literature. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the two age groups in all cerebral regions of interest. Our results show the importance of optimizing QSM pipelines according to the application and the targeted magnetic susceptibility range, to achieve accurate quantification. We were able to define the optimal QSM pipeline for future applications on patients with PD.
Hyperpolarized 13C and 31P MRS detects differences in cardiac energetics, metabolism, and function in obesity, and responses following treatment
Authors: Lewis Andrew J. M. , Dodd Michael S. , Sourdon Joevin , Lygate Craig A. , Clarke Kieran , Neubauer Stefan , Tyler Damian J. , Rider Oliver J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObesity is associated with important changes in cardiac energetics and function, and an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Multi‐nuclear MRS and MRI techniques have the potential to provide a comprehensive non‐invasive assessment of cardiac metabolic perturbation in obesity. A rat model of obesity was created by high‐fat diet feeding. This model was characterized using in vivo hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate and [2‐13C]pyruvate MRS, echocardiography and perfused heart 31P MRS. Two groups of obese rats were subsequently treated with either caloric restriction or the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue/agonist liraglutide, prior to reassessment. The model recapitulated cardiovascular consequences of human obesity, including mild left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic, but not systolic, dysfunction. Hyperpolarized 13C and 31P MRS demonstrated that obesity was associated with reduced myocardial pyruvate dehydrogenase flux, altered cardiac tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism, and impaired myocardial energetic status (lower phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate ratio and impaired cardiac ΔG~ATP). Both caloric restriction and liraglutide treatment were associated with normalization of metabolic changes, alongside improvement in cardiac diastolic function. In this model of obesity, hyperpolarized 13C and 31P MRS demonstrated abnormalities in cardiac metabolism at multiple levels, including myocardial substrate selection, TCA cycle, and high‐energy phosphorus metabolism. Metabolic changes were linked with impairment of diastolic function and were reversed in concert following either caloric restriction or liraglutide treatment. With hyperpolarized 13C and 31P techniques now available for human use, the findings support a role for multi‐nuclear MRS in the development of new therapies for obesity.