bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iridium‐Catalyzed Condensation of Amines and Vicinal Diols to Substituted Piperazines
Authors: Lorentz‐Petersen Linda L. R. , Nordstrøm Lars Ulrik , Madsen Robert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA straightforward procedure is described for the synthesis of piperazines from amines and 1,2‐diols. The heterocyclization is catalyzed by [Cp*IrCl2]2 and sodium hydrogen carbonate and can be achieved with either toluene or water as solvent. The transformation does not require any stoichiometric additives and only produces water as the byproduct. The reaction can be performed between a 1,2‐diamine and a 1,2‐diol or by a double condensation between a primary alkylamine and a 1,2‐diol. At least one substituent is required on the piperazine ring to achieve the cyclization in good yield. The mechanism is believed to involve dehydrogenation of the 1,2‐diol to the α‐hydroxy aldehyde, which condenses with the amine to form the α‐hydroxy imine. The latter rearranges to the corresponding α‐amino carbonyl compound, which then reacts with another amine followed by reduction of the resulting imine.
Fabrication and Application of a Sensitive and Highly Stable Copper Hexacyanoferrate Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Paste Electrode for Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Detection
Authors: Haghighi Behzad , Nazari Leila , Sajjadi S. Maryam 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA three‐factor mixture design and response surface methodology were employed to find the optimal weight ratio of graphite powder,n‐dodecylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate and paraffin for the fabrication of a copper hexacyanoferrate modified carbon ionic liquid paste electrode (CuHCFe‐CILPE). The fabricated sensor showed electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation and reduction of hydrogen peroxide. It also was observed that the electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide oxidation was much higher than the electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide reduction. Glucose oxidase was then successfully immobilized on the surface of the proposed sensor to examine the possibility of using CuHCFe‐CILPE for the biosensor fabrication.
Normal Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Subnanomolar Concentrations of Chromium(VI) with Continuous Wavelet Transformation
Authors: Baś Bogusław , Bugajna Anna , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Niewiara Ewa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe renewable mercury film‐modified silver solid amalgam annular band electrode (MF‐AgSAE) applied for quantitative determination of sub‐nanomolar concentrations of Cr(VI) using differential pulse (DP) and normal pulse (NP) catalytic adsorptive striping voltammetry (CAdSV) is presented. In this context a signal processing algorithm is described and applied for the transformation of sigmoidal shaped NP curves to peak shaped curves. The method utilizes continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and a specially constructed mother wavelet defined using the ideal wave‐shaped curve. It simplifies the interpretation of sigmoidal curves. In the effect the new strategy of Cr(VI) determination is 10 times more sensitive than differential pulse and square‐wave techniques. The reproducibility is below 3–5 % (n=3) for the 0.2–2.2 nM concentration range of Cr(VI). The detection limit for 30 s preconcentration is equal to 0.05 nM with sensitivity of 0.809±0.012 µA nM−1 and is limited by the purity of the used reagents. The correlation coefficient is equal to 0.9993. For 2 nM of Cr(VI), in the tested range, 0≤tacc≤60 s, the relation wave heightaccumulation time (Iw–tacc) is linear. The operation and effectiveness of the proposed procedures was confirmed by the quantitative determination of Cr(VI) in supporting electrolyte and CRM (surface water samples and urine) with known amounts of the analyte. The obtained results show substantial improvement of the performance of NP CAdSV technique.
Porous Membranes of Montmorillonite/Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluorethylene) for Li‐Ion Battery Separators
Authors: Nunes‐Pereira J. , Lopes A. C. , Costa C. M. , Leones R. , Silva M. M. , Lanceros‐Méndez S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPorous membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) with different contents of montmorillonite (MMT) particles were prepared. The filler content does not affect the porous morphology but leads to an increase in the average pore size, porosity and electrolyte uptake up to 16 μm, 85 % and 325 %, respectively, for a membrane with 16 wt% of MMT particles. The mechanical properties, ionic conductivity and its temperature stability are improved by the presence of clays. The electrochemical stability reveals a stable operation window up to 5 V. The overall characteristics of the membranes for battery separators are optimized for the 4 wt% MMT filler content.
Electrochemical Studies and Selective Detection of Thioridazine Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with ZnS Nanoparticles and Simultaneous Determination of Thioridazine and Olanzapine
Authors: Mashhadizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Afshar Esmaeil 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel ZnS nanoparticle‐modified carbon paste electrode (ZnSNP‐MCPE) was fabricated and used to study the electrooxidation of thioridazine (TR) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The determination conditions, such as accumulation time, pH of solution, and modifier amount were optimized. The mechanism of the electrooxidation process on the surface of the modified electrode was studied electrochemically. A linear range of 0.1–36.0 µM with detection limit of 65.0 nM was obtained for TR. In a mixture containing TR and olanzapine (OLZ), the DPV peaks of two compounds can be well separate from each other with a potential difference of 425 mV. Finally, this method was successfully applied to determinate the TR content in real samples.
Emerging genetics of COPD
Authors: Berndt Annerose , Leme Adriana S. , Shapiro Steven D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSince the discovery of alpha‐1 antitrypsin in the early 1960s, several new genes have been suggested to play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Yet, in spite of those advances, much about the genetic basis of COPD still remains to be discovered. Unbiased approaches, such as genome‐wide association (GWA) studies, are critical to identify genes and pathways and to verify suggested genetic variants. Indeed, most of our current understanding about COPD candidate genes originates from GWA studies. Experiments in form of cross‐study replications and advanced meta‐analyses have propelled the field towards unravelling details about COPD's pathogenesis. Here, we review the discovery of genetic variants in association with COPD phenotypes by discussing the available approaches and current findings. Limitations of current studies are considered and future directions provided.
Slope failures and erosion rates on a glacierized high‐mountain face under climatic changes
Authors: Fischer Luzia , Huggel Christian , Kääb Andreas , Haeberli Wilfried 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, rapid topographic changes and increased erosion rates caused by massive slope failures in a glacierized and permafrost‐affected high‐mountain face were investigated with respect to the current climatic change. The study was conducted at one of the highest periglacial rock faces in the European Alps, the east face of Monte Rosa, Italy. Pronounced changes in ice cover and repeated rock and ice avalanche events have been documented in this rock wall since around 1990. The performed multi‐temporal comparison of high‐resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) complemented by detailed analyses of repeat photography represents a unique assessment of topographic changes and slope failures over half a century and reveals a total volume loss in bedrock and steep glaciers in the central part of the face of around 25 × 106 m3 between 1988 and 2007. The high rock and ice avalanche activity translates into an increase in erosion rates of about one order of magnitude during recent decades.The study indicates that changes in atmospheric temperatures and connected changes in ice cover can induce slope destabilization in high‐mountain faces. Analyses of temperature data show that the start of the intense mass movement activity coincided with increased mean annual temperatures in the region around 1990. However, once triggered, mass movement activity seems to be able to proceed in a self‐reinforcing cycle, whereby single mass movement events might be strongly influenced by short‐term extreme temperature events. The investigations suggest a strong stability coupling between steep glaciers and underlying bedrock, as most bedrock instabilities are located in areas where surface ice has disappeared recently and the failure zones are frequently spatially correlated and often develop from lower altitudes progressively upwards. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P‐glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A act together in restricting the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel
Authors: Hendrikx Jeroen J.M.A. , Lagas Jurjen S. , Rosing Hilde , Schellens Jan H.M. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schinkel Alfred H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPaclitaxel is avidly transported by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp/MDR1/ABCB1). This results in low oral bioavailability, which can be boosted by coadministration of P‐gp inhibitors. Unlike paclitaxel, docetaxel is extensively metabolized by CYP3A4 and its oral bioavailability can be enhanced in mice and humans by coadministration of the potent CYP3A inhibitor ritonavir. Unexpectedly, ritonavir also enhances the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in humans. We aimed to resolve the mechanism underlying this enhancement. Using mice lacking Cyp3a and/or P‐gp, we investigated the combined and separate restricting roles of Cyp3a and P‐gp in the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel, and the boosting effect of ritonavir. CYP3A4‐humanized mice were used for translation to the human situation. P‐gp had a dominant effect (11.6‐fold, p < 0.001) over Cyp3a (<1.5‐fold, n.s.) in limiting plasma concentrations of oral paclitaxel. However, in the absence of P‐gp, Cyp3a decreased paclitaxel plasma concentrations twofold (p < 0.001). Coadministered ritonavir inhibited Cyp3a‐mediated metabolism, but not P‐gp‐mediated transport of paclitaxel. Owing to the dominant effect of P‐gp, ritonavir enhanced only paclitaxel plasma concentrations in P‐gp‐deficient mice. Mouse liver microsomes metabolized paclitaxel far less efficiently than human or CYP3A4‐transgenic liver microsomes, revealing much lower efficiency of paclitaxel metabolism by mouse than by human CYP3As. Accordingly, ritonavir could enhance the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in CYP3A4‐humanized mice, despite the fact that these mice are P‐gp‐proficient. Our results show that CYP3A4 inhibition most likely underlies the boosting effect of ritonavir on oral paclitaxel bioavailability in humans. Furthermore, CYP3A4‐humanized mice allow improved understanding of CYP3A4‐mediated paclitaxel metabolism in humans.
Where Are They? A Multilens Examination of the Distribution of Full‐Time Faculty by Institutional Type, Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Citizenship
Authors: Smith Daryl G. , Tovar Esau , García Hugo A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis introduction chapter presents descriptive statistics on the postsecondary faculty population in the United States and highlights the progressing diversity and growing number of minority, women, and international faculty
Acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wicksell R. K. , Kemani M. , Jensen K. , Kosek E. , Kadetoff D. , Sorjonen K. , Ingvar M. , Olsson G. L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by widespread pain and co‐morbid symptoms such as fatigue and depression. For FM, medical treatments alone appear insufficient. Recent meta‐analyses point to the utility of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), but effects are moderate. Within the continuous development of CBT, the empirical support for acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has increased rapidly. ACT focuses on improving functioning by increasing the patient's ability to act in accordance with personal values also in the presence of pain and distress (i.e., psychological flexibility). However, no study has yet explored the utility of ACT in FM.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of ACT for FM and the role of psychological inflexibility as a mediator of improvement.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, ACT was evaluated in comparison to a waiting list control condition. Forty women diagnosed with FM participated in the study. Assessments were made pre‐ and post‐treatment and at 3 months of follow‐up. The ACT intervention consisted of 12 weekly group sessions.ResultsSignificant differences in favour of ACT were seen in pain‐related functioning, FM impact, mental health‐related quality of life, self‐efficacy, depression, anxiety and psychological inflexibility. Changes in psychological inflexibility during the course of treatment were found to mediate pre‐ to follow‐up improvements in outcome variables.ConclusionsThe results correspond with previous studies on ACT for chronic pain and suggest the utility of ACT for FM as well as the role of psychological inflexibility as a mediator of improvement.
Effect of BDNF–plasma–collagen matrix controlled delivery system on the behavior of adult rats neural stem cells
Authors: Yang Zhaoyang , Qiao Hui , Sun Zhiwei , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe neurogenesis amount in central nervous system (CNS) stimulated by the injury or diseases is so small that neural stem cells (NSCs) cannot specifically differentiate into the ideal phenotypes to repair the injured CNS. The transplanted exogenous NSCs also have such problems as poor survival and insufficient neuronal differentiation. In this study, the behavior of NSCs from the spinal cord of adult rats was compared at the neurosphere level after the respective addition of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) daily, the BDNF‐loaded plasma–collagen matrix, the plasma–collagen matrix alone, or the defined medium alone. The results suggested that the BDNF, either in the control release form or in the soluble form, initiated NSCs proliferation and differentiation by activating receptors Trk B and p75NTR. BDNF also increased the differentiation percentage of adult NSCs into neurons and supported the long‐term cell survival and growth. The BDNF was stably released by the plasma‐collagen matrix for up to 21 days. The plasma–collagen matrix alone showed its biocompatibility with cells by facilitating the adhesion, survival, and differentiation of NSCs. The NSCs in the defined medium alone group showed poor survival and a very low level of neuronal differentiation and proliferation abilities than above three groups. This study suggested that the BDNF‐loaded plasma–collagen matrix may provide a promising means to resolve either the poor survival and insufficient neuronal differentiation of transplanted exogenous NSCs, or stimulating the intrinsic NSCs to proliferate and differentiate into neurons so as to repair the injured adult CNS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Mechanisms underlying the inhibition of murine sperm capacitation by the seminal protein, SPINKL
Authors: Tseng Huan‐Chin , Lee Robert Kuo‐Kuang , Hwu Yuh‐Ming , Lu Chung‐Hao , Lin Ming‐Huei , Li Sheng‐Hsiang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSPINKL, a serine protease inhibitor kazal‐type‐like protein initially found in mouse seminal vesicle secretions, possesses structurally conserved six‐cysteine residues of the kazal‐type serine protease inhibitor family. However, it has no inhibitory activity against serine proteases. Previously, it was found to have the ability to suppress murine sperm capacitation in vitro. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect of SPINKL on sperm capacitation. Three in vitro capacitation‐enhancing agents, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), methyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin (MBCD), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), coupled with 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), were used to evaluate the influence of SPINKL on capacitation signaling. Preincubation of sperm with SPINKL suppressed BSA‐ and MBCD‐induced sperm capacitation by blocking three upstream signals of capacitation that is the cholesterol efflux from sperm plasma membranes, extracellular calcium ion influx into sperm, and increases in intracellular cAMP. Moreover, SPINKL also inhibited downstream signal transduction of capacitation since it suppressed dbcAMP/IBMX and N6‐phenyl cAMP (6‐Phe‐cAMP)‐activated cAMP‐dependent protein kinase‐associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Such inhibition is probably mediated by attenuation of SRC tyrosine kinase activity. Furthermore, SPINKL could not reverse capacitation once sperm had been capacitated by capacitation‐enhancing agents or capacitated in vivo in the oviduct. SPINKL bound to sperm existed in the uterus but had disappeared from sperm in the oviduct during the sperm's transit through the female reproductive tract. Therefore, SPINKL may serve as an uncapacitation factor in the uterus to prevent sperm from precocious capacitation and the subsequent acrosome reaction and thus preserve the fertilization ability of sperm. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 888–898, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spodoptera frugiperda FKBP‐46 is a consensus p53 motif binding protein
Authors: Mohareer Krishnaveni , Sahdev Sudhir , Hasnain Seyed E. 
Published: October 2012

Abstractp53 protein, the central molecule of the apoptosis pathway, is mutated in 50% of the human cancers. Of late, p53 homologues have been identified from different invertebrates including Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Squid, and Clams. We report the identification of a p53‐like protein in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells, which is activated during oxidative stress, caused by exposure to UV‐B or H2O2, and binds to p53 consensus DNA binding motifs as well as other p53 cognate motifs. Sf9 p53 motif‐binding protein is similar to murine and Drosophila p53 in terms of molecular size, which is around 50–60 kDa, as evident from UV cross‐linking, and displays DNA binding characteristics similar to both insect and vertebrate p53 as seen from electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The N‐terminal sequencing of the purified Sf9 p53 motif‐binding protein reveals extensive homology to the pro‐apoptotic FK‐506 binding protein (FKBP‐46), earlier identified in Sf9 cells as a factor which interacts with murine casein kinase. FKBP, an evolutionarily conserved protein of mammalian origin functions as a pro‐apoptotic factor. Identification of FKBP‐46 as a novel p53 motif‐binding protein in insect cells adds a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms of apoptosis under oxidative stress in the absence of a typical p53 homologue. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 899–907, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of Oct4‐GFP spermatogonial stem cell line and its application in the reprogramming studies
Authors: Youn Haesun , Kim Song‐Hee , Choi Kyung Ah , Kim Sungtae 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEstablishment of mouse spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) culture systems offers a useful stem cell model for studies of proliferation and self‐renewal of mammalian germline stem cells. In addition, spontaneous development of pluripotent stem cells from cultured SSCs emphasizes their possible applications in regenerative medicine as a substitute for embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These pluripotent stem cells termed multipotent germline stem cells (mGSCs) or germline‐derived pluripotent stem cells (gPSCs) exhibit almost identical properties in terms of morphology and gene expression patterns to mouse ESCs (mESCs). In this study, to help understand mechanisms underlying reprogramming of SSCs into pluripotent stem cells, we established a culture system of SSCs derived from mice harboring green fluorescence protein (GFP) transgene whose expression is modulated by Oct4 regulatory sequences. Our results indicated that GFP intensity faithfully reflected cellular states upon reprogramming of SSCs or treatment with a selective extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD0325901. Moreover, in contrast to mESCs, regulation of Nanog expression did not appear to couple to the Oct4 level in SSCs. Further analysis of Oct4‐GFP SSCs demonstrated that a posttranscriptional control of pluripotency marker genes such as Oct4 and Sox2 might play an important role as an inhibitory mechanism preventing the acquisition of pluripotency. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 920–928, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual‐source parallel RF transmission for diffusion‐weighted imaging of the abdomen using different b values: Image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient comparison with conventional single‐source transmission
Authors: Guo Lijun , Liu Cheng , Chen Weibo , Chan Queenie , Wang Guangbin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To prospectively and intraindividually evaluate what effects dual‐source parallel radiofrequency (RF) transmission have on image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of abdomen diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) using different b values, compared with the single‐source RF transmission.Materials and Methods:Eighteen healthy male volunteers were enrolled in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved study. Abdominal DWI was performed with dual‐source and single‐source RF transmission at 3.0 T using a series of b‐value combinations: 0/100, 0/500, 0/800, and 0/100/800. RF field homogeneity, subjective image quality, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of each abdominal organ were evaluated. ADC values were calculated for each abdominal organ. Wilcoxon test and repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to calculate statistical significance.Results:The parallel RF transmission significantly improved homogeneity of the RF field (P = 0.0001–0.008) and subjective image quality (P < 0.0001) at each b value and also increased SNR. At lower and higher b value, the measured ADC of lateral left hepatic lobe and spleen between dual‐source and single‐source images were significantly different (P = 0.0001–0.047). At b = 0/500, there was no significant difference in ADC measurements between dual‐source and single‐source RF transmission for abdominal organs, except a slight statistically significant difference for spleen (P = 0.047).Conclusion:Parallel RF transmission significantly improved the image quality and homogeneity of the RF field. The RF transmission had a significant influence on measured ADC of lateral left hepatic lobe and spleen. At b = 0/500 the influence was minimum for all abdominal organs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:875–885. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferumoxytol in clinical practice: Implications for MRI
Authors: McCullough Brendan J. , Kolokythas Orpheus , Maki Jeffrey H. , Green Douglas E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFerumoxytol is an iron‐containing parenteral treatment for iron deficiency anemia that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The iron is in the form of a superparamagnetic iron oxide that causes T1, T2, and T2* shortening on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, the drug has a long intravascular half‐life of 14–15 hours; a standard dose can affect MRI for days to months. We describe a case in which a patient underwent contrast‐enhanced MRI of the liver 2 days after receiving a dose of ferumoxytol, which was unknown to the radiology team. The blood pool and soft tissues were hyperintense on T1‐weighted images, concealing enhancement from the gadolinium‐based contrast agent that was administered during the exam and rendering the exam nondiagnostic. Radiologists must be aware of this potential effect in screening patients for MRI and interpreting exams. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1476–1479. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.