bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterisation of Citrulus colocynthis oil biodiesel: Optimisation of alkali‐catalysed transesterification
Authors: Elsheikh Yasir A. , Man Zakaria , Bustam M. Azmi , Akhtar Faheem H. , Yusup Suzana , Muhammad Ayyaz 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA non‐edible oil of Citrulus colocynthis was investigated as a prospective feedstock for biodiesel production by transesterification reaction with methanol. The content of fatty acid methyl ester in the produced oil obtained by four alkaline‐catalysed transesterifications, i.e. sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide and potassium hydroxide was evaluated. Important fuel properties of the produced biodiesel such as ester content, density, kinematic viscosity and acid value were measured and compared. The ester ingredients in the biodiesel product were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linolenic. The best quality of Citrulus colocynthis oil at the highest yield of 97.8% was produced at a constant mixing rate of 600 rpm, methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, 60°C reaction temperature for 60 min, using 1.0 wt% of NaOH.
Potential Bioaccumulator Mosses around Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Vicinity of the Giresun Area, Northeast Turkey
Authors: Karakaya Muazzez Çelik , Karakaya Necati , Küpeli Şuayip , Karadağ Mehmet Muzaffer , Kırmacı Mesut 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe study area located in the western part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey, represents the eastern part of the metallogenic province of the Black Sea region. The soil, water, and some mosses from the area contain heavy metal pollution from the mines and tailings of the abandoned and partially active massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks. The surface/subsurface/underground ore bodies generally cause the acidification of groundwater and the enrichment of heavy and toxic trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, As, and Pb) in the water, soil, and mosses. The mosses are Rhabdoweisia crispata, Pohlia nutans, and Pohlia elongata. R. crispata is a newly reported plant in Turkey, and the abovementioned moss species are observed especially where the toxic element contents of the water and soil are enriched. The mosses are sensitive to the trace metals and thus accumulate metal ions, predominantly Fe, Al, and Mn, which are apparent in the interaction between the water and roots. R. crispata is a better accumulator of trace metals and some major elements than the other mosses. R. crispata is therefore suitable for use in the recovery of polluted soil and water affected by acid mine wastewater from active and/or abandoned mining sites in the NE of Turkey.
Neuroblastoma of undifferentiated subtype, prognostic significance of prominent nucleolar formation, and MYC/MYCN protein expression: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Wang Larry L. , Suganuma Rie , Ikegaki Naohiko , Tang Xao , Naranjo Arlene , McGrady Patrick , London Wendy B. , Hogarty Michael D. , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Look A. Thomas , Park Julie R. , Maris John M. , Cohn Susan L. , Seeger Robert C. , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study sought to investigate biological/clinicopathological characteristics of neuroblastoma, undifferentiated subtype (NBUD).METHODSThis study examined 157 NBUD cases filed at the Children's Oncology Group Neuroblastoma Pathology Reference Laboratory, and survival rates of the patients were analyzed with known prognostic factors. Immunostainings for MYCN and MYC protein were performed on 68 tumors.RESULTSNBUD cases had a poor prognosis (48.4% ± 5.0% 3‐year event‐free survival [EFS]; 56.5% ± 5.0% overall survival [OS]), and were often associated with high mitosis‐karyorrhexis index (MKI, 65%), prominent nucleoli (PN, 83%), ≥ 18 months of age (75%), MYCN amplification (MYCN‐A, 83%), diploid pattern (63%), and 1pLOH (loss of heterozygosity (72%). However, these prognostic indicators, except for MYCN status, had no significant impact on survival. Surprisingly, EFS for patients with MYCN‐A tumors (53.4% ± 5.6%) was significantly better (P = .0248) than for patients with MYCN‐nonamplified (MYCN‐NA) tumors (31.7% ± 11.7%), with MYCN‐NA and PN (+) tumors having the worst prognosis (9.3% ± 8.8%, P = .0045). Immunohistochemically, MYCN expression was found in 42 of 48 MYCN‐A tumors. In contrast, MYC expression was almost exclusively found in the MYCN‐NA tumors (9 of 20) especially when they had PN (8 of 11). Those patients with only MYC‐positive tumors had the worst EFS (N = 8, 12.5% ± 11.7%) compared with only MYCN‐positive (N = 39, 49.9% ± 17.7%) and both negative tumors (N = 15, 70.0% ± 17.1%) (P = .0029). High MKI was often found in only MYCN‐positive (30 of 38) but rarely in only MYC‐positive (2 of 8) tumors.CONCLUSIONSNBUD represents a unique subtype of neuroblastoma associated with a poor prognosis. In this subtype, MYC protein expression may be a new prognostic factor indicating more aggressive clinical behavior than MYCN amplification and subsequent MYCN protein expression. Cancer 2013;119:3718–3726. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Climate change and plant dispersal along corridors in fragmented landscapes of Mesoamerica
Authors: Imbach Pablo A. , Locatelli Bruno , Molina Luis G. , Ciais Philippe , Leadley Paul W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClimate change is a threat to biodiversity, and adaptation measures should be considered in biodiversity conservation planning. Protected areas (PA) are expected to be impacted by climate change and improving their connectivity with biological corridors (BC) has been proposed as a potential adaptation measure, although assessing its effectiveness remains a challenge. In Mesoamerica, efforts to preserve the biodiversity have led to the creation of a regional network of PA and, more recently, BC. This study evaluates the role of BC for facilitating plant dispersal between PA under climate change in Mesoamerica. A spatially explicit dynamic model (cellular automaton) was developed to simulate species dispersal under different climate and conservation policy scenarios. Plant functional types (PFT) were defined based on a range of dispersal rates and vegetation types to represent the diversity of species in the region. The impacts of climate change on PA and the role of BC for dispersal were assessed spatially. Results show that most impacted PA are those with low altitudinal range in hot, dry, or high latitude areas. PA with low altitudinal range in high cool areas benefit the most from corridors. The most important corridors cover larger areas and have high altitude gradients. Only the fastest PFT can keep up with the expected change in climate and benefit from corridors for dispersal. We conclude that the spatial assessment of the vulnerability of PA and the role of corridors in facilitating dispersal can help conservation planning under a changing climate.
Differentiation of strains from the Bacillus cereus group by RFLP‐PFGE genomic fingerprinting
Authors: Otlewska Anna , Oltuszak‐Walczak Elzbieta , Walczak Piotr 
Published: July 2013

Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus cereus belong to the B. cereus group. The last three species are characterized by different phenotype features and pathogenicity spectrum, but it has been shown that these species are genetically closely related. The macrorestriction analysis of the genomic DNA with the NotI enzyme was used to generate polymorphism of restriction profiles for 39 food‐borne isolates (B. cereus, B. mycoides) and seven reference strains (B. mycoides, B. thuringiensis, B. weihenstephanensis, and B. cereus). The PFGE method was applied to differentiate the examined strains of the B. cereus group. On the basis of the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic mean method and Dice coefficient, the strains were divided into five clusters (types A–E), and the most numerous group was group A (25 strains). A total of 21 distinct pulsotypes were observed. The RFLP‐PFGE analysis was successfully used for the differentiation and characterization of B. cereus and B. mycoides strains isolated from different food products.
A quantitative approach to understanding dated dune stratigraphies
Authors: Bailey R. M. , Thomas D. S. G. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAttempts to reconstruct past changes in climate‐related forcing of dryland landscapes are hampered by the lack of an adequate quantitative framework for understanding the production and interpretation of dated sedimentary records. In drylands, as in other environments, information on past forcing conditions is progressively modified, degraded and removed from the available stratigraphic record by a series of ‘filters’ involving changes in the primary forcing factors themselves, geomorphological processes and the sampling/dating procedures. In this paper we describe a quantitative model that includes these effects, and use the model to examine the nature of preserved dryland sedimentary records and their relationships to primary forcing conditions: thicker preserved sedimentary records reflect periods of more intense aeolian activity; localized switching between erosion and deposition results in discontinuous and highly variable stratigraphic sequences; a preservation bias towards younger deposits is observed, potentially leading to a continuum of accumulation that decays approximately in proportion to. Time periods not represented by deposition can in some cases be interpreted as periods of higher precipitation and/or lower wind energy. An asymmetry exists between the efficiency with which past ‘drier’ and ‘wetter’ episodes can be identified, which relates to the time‐separation of depositional periods and the correct distinction between hiatuses due to forcing conditions and those due to under‐sampling. Relevant to this is the effect of random dating errors (statistical uncertainty), which (increasingly with age) filter‐out higher frequency events from the record. A new data treatment method (termedAccumulation Rate Variability) provides an efficient proxy for accumulation rates, and therefore the intensity of aeolian activity, with significant improvements over existing date–frequency methods. The filtering problem discussed applies to all attempts at understanding the timing and nature of past events, independent of the proxies and dating methods employed. Further explicit analysis of these issues would be beneficial. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebral glucose metabolism on positron emission tomography of children
Authors: Shan Zuyao Y. , Leiker Andrew J. , Onar‐Thomas Arzu , Li Yimei , Feng Tianshu , Reddick Wilburn E. , Reutens David C. , Shulkin Barry L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEstablishing the normative range of age‐dependent fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the developing brain is necessary for understanding regional quantitative analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) brain images in children and also to provide functional information on brain development. We analyzed head sections of FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) images for 115 patients (5 months to 23 years) without central nervous system disease before treatment, as PET studies are not performed on healthy children owing to ethical considerations and the risk of radiation exposure. We investigated the changes in FDG uptake and established age‐associated normative ranges of cerebral FDG. Head sections of FDG PET/CT images were registered to a population‐based probabilistic atlas of human cortical structures. Gray matter of 56 brain structures was defined on normalized PET images according to the atlas. To avoid individual and experimental confounding factors, the relative standardized uptake value (SUV) over the cerebellum of each structure was calculated. Relative SUVs were analyzed by ANOVA and modeled using generalized estimating equalization analysis with false discovery rate control. Age and structure were significant factors affecting SUVs. Anatomic proximity had little effect on FDG uptake. Linear and quadratic developmental trajectories were observed on absolute and relative SUVs, respectively. An increase from posterior‐to‐anterior and superior‐to‐inferior pattern was observed in both absolute SUV increase rate and relative SUV peak age. The SUV of each structure was modeled with respect to age, and these models can serve as baselines for the quantitative analysis of cerebral FDG–PET images of children. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2297–2309, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deuterium isotope effect on the suicide inactivation of tyrosinase in its action on o‐diphenols
Authors: Muñoz‐Muñoz Jose Luis , del Mar García‐Molina María , Garcia‐Molina Francisco , Garcia‐Ruiz Pedro Antonio , Garcia‐Sevilla Francisco , Rodriguez‐Lopez Jose N. , Garcia‐Canovas Francisco 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA solvent deuterium isotope effect on the inactivation suicide of tyrosinase in its action on o‐diphenols (catechol, 4‐methylcatechol, and 4‐tert‐butylcatechol) was observed. This isotope effect, observed during kinetic studies in the transition phase, was higher than that described previously in the steady state, indicating that there is an additional slow step in the suicide inactivation mechanism, which we believe to be responsible for the inactivation. In a proton inventory study of oxidation of o‐diphenols, the representation of
versus n (atom fractions of deuterium), where
is the maximum apparent inactivation constant for a molar fraction of deuterium (n) and
is the corresponding kinetic parameter in a water solution, was linear for all substrates. This suggests that only one of the protons transferred from the two hydroxyl groups of the substrate, which are oxidized in one turnover, is responsible for the isotope effects. We propose that this proton could be the proton transferred from the hydroxyl group of C‐2 to the hydroperoxide of the oxytyrosinase form (Eox) and that it probably causes enzyme inactivation through the reduction of the Cu2+A to Cu0 and its subsequent release from the active site. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(9):793–799,
2013
Protease‐activated receptor 2 in dorsal root ganglion contributes to peripheral sensitization of bone cancer pain
Authors: Liu S. , Liu Y.‐P. , Yue D.‐M. , Liu G.‐J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTreating bone cancer pain continues to be a major clinical challenge, and the underlying mechanisms of bone cancer pain remain elusive. Protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been reported to be involved in neurogenic inflammation, nociceptive pain and hyperalgesia. Here, we investigated the role of PAR2 in bone cancer pain development.MethordsExpression of PAR2, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and neurochemical alterations induced by bone cancer pain were analysed in male, adult C3H/HeJ mice with tumour cell implantation (TCI). To investigate the contribution of PAR2 to bone cancer pain, PAR2 antagonist peptide and PAR2 knockout mice were used.ResultsTCI produced bone cancer‐related pain behaviours. Production and persistence of these pain behaviours were well correlated with TCI‐induced up‐regulation of PAR2 in sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). PAR2 knockout and spinal administration of PAR2 antagonist peptide prevented and/or reversed bone cancer‐related pain behaviours and associated neurochemical changes in DRG and dorsal horn (DH). TCI also induced proteases release in tumour‐bearing tibia, sciatic nerve and DRG. Plantar injection of supernatant from sarcoma cells induced PAR2 up‐regulation and intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i increase in DRG, and calcitonin gene‐related peptide accumulation in DH, as well as significant thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, which were all in PAR2‐dependent manners.ConclusionThese findings suggest that PAR2 may be a key mediator for peripheral sensitization of bone cancer pain. Inhibiting PAR2 activation, especially during the early phase, may be a new therapy for preventing/suppressing development of bone cancer pain.
Does tobramycin impregnation of allograft bone affect implant fixation? – An experimental study in 12 dogs
Authors: Barckman Jeppe , Baas Jorgen , Sorensen Mette , Lange Jeppe , Bechtold Joan E. , Soballe Kjeld 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClinical trials have used antibiotic impregnated impacted bone allograft in revisions of infected arthroplasties. By this method high local antibiotic concentration and good control of infection was achieved. Toxicity studies, however, suggest that high local antibiotic concentration can impair osteoblast replication. We therefore asked whether impregnating morselized allograft bone with different quantities of tobramycin before impaction would impair implant fixation. We implanted three cylindrical (10 mm × 6 mm) porous‐coated titanium implants into the distal femurs of 12 dogs. The implants were surrounded by a circumferential gap of 2.5 mm into which a standardized volume of morselized allograft bone, with or without tobramycin, was impacted. In each animal, the bone graft was impregnated with either 0 mg (control), 50 mg (low dose), or 200 mg (high dose) of tobramycin per 1 mL of bone graft. At the end of the 4 weeks experimental period, the implants with surrounding bone were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis and mechanical push‐out test. We found no difference between the treatment groups regarding new bone formation, bone graft resorption, or implant fixation. There was, however, a tendency toward a decrease in implant fixation with higher tobramycin dose. The present study is unable to provide evidence on whether the use of topical tobramycin with allograft is safe or whether it indeed can impair implant fixation. The tendency toward an impaired implant fixation warrants further preclinical studies. Its current clinical use should be weighed against its possible positive effects on preventing infection in complicated revisions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 173–180, 2014.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous administration of GSK1322322, a peptide deformylase inhibitor
Authors: Naderer Odin J. , Jones Lori S. , Zhu John , Kurtinecz Milena , Dumont Etienne 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGSK1322322 is the first in a new class of antibiotics that targets peptide deformylase (PDF), an essential bacterial enzyme required for protein maturation. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, eight‐cohort phase I trial enrolled 62 healthy volunteers to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profiles of GSK1322322. GSK1322322 was administered as a single oral or intravenous (IV) dose, escalating from 500 to 3,000 mg or repeat IV doses escalating from 500 to 1,500 mg twice daily. Upon repeat IV administration, GSK1322322 exhibits linear pharmacokinetics over time upon repeat doses as shown by time‐invariant pharmacokinetics. A dose‐proportional increase in area under concentration‐time curve was observed after single or repeat IV dosing, whereas clearance at steady state remained generally unchanged across doses. There was minimal accumulation of GSK1322322 after repeat IV twice‐daily administration. After oral tablet doses of GSK1322322 1,000 and 1,500 mg, absolute bioavailability was 69% and 56%, respectively. GSK1322322 administration at single and repeat IV doses and at supratherapeutic single IV doses of 2,000 and 3,000 mg was associated with mild‐to‐moderate drug‐related adverse events. On the basis of the pharmacokinetics and tolerability demonstrated in this study, GSK1322322 has the potential to become the first‐in‐class PDF inhibitor for clinical use.
Co‐medication of pravastatin and paroxetine—A categorical study
Authors: An Li , Ravindran Priyadarshini P. , Renukunta Swetha , Denduluri Srinivas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractElectronic Medical Records (EMRs) are wealthy storehouses of patient information, to which data mining techniques can be prudently applied to reveal clinically significant patterns. Detecting patterns in drug–drug interactions, leading to adverse drug reactions is a powerful application of EMR data mining. Adverse effects of drug treatments can be investigated by mining clinical laboratory tests data which are reliable indicators of abnormal physiological functions. We report here the co‐medication effects of pravastatin (HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor) and paroxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) anti‐depressant) on significant clinical parameters, identified through a data mining analysis conducted on the Allscripts data warehouse. We found that the concomitant drug treatments of pravastatin and paroxetine increased the mean values of glucose serum from 113.2 to 132.1 mg/dL and international normalized ratio (INR) from 2.18 to 2.52, respectively. It also decreased the mean values of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 43 to 37 mL/min/1.73 m3 and blood CO2 levels from 24.8 to 23.9 mEq/L respectively. Our findings indicate that co‐medication of pravastatin and paroxetine might have significant impact on blood anti‐coagulation, kidney function, and glucose homeostasis. Our methodology can be applied to any EMR data set to reveal co‐medication effects of any drug pairs.
Effect of final irrigation protocols on microhardness and erosion of root canal dentin
Authors: Aranda‐Garcia Arturo Javier , Kuga Milton Carlos , Chavéz‐Andrade Gisselle Moraima , Kalatzis‐Sousa Natália Guimarães , Hungaro Duarte Marco Antonio , Faria Gisele , Reis Só Marcus Vinicius , Faria‐Junior Norberto Batista 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of final irrigation protocols (17% EDTA, BioPure MTAD, SmearClear, and QMiX) on microhardness and erosion of root canal dentin. Fifty roots were sectioned transversely at the cement–enamel junction and each root was sectioned horizontally into 4‐mm‐thick slices. The samples were divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1: distilled water (control group); G2: 17% EDTA; G3: BioPure MTAD; G4: SmearClear; and G5: QMiX. The dentin microhardness was then measured with a load of 25 g for 10 s. Initially, the reference microhardness values were obtained for the samples without any etching. The same samples were then submitted to the final irrigation protocols. A new measure was realized and the difference between before and after the procedures was the dentin microhardness reduction. In sequence, the specimens were submitted to SEM analysis to verify the dentinal erosion. The Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 5%) were used to compare the results. The dentin microhardness decreased for all final irrigation protocols. There was no significant difference between groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 (P > 0.05), but this groups presented significant dentin microhardness reduction than G1 (P < 0.05). In G2, occurred the highest incidence of dentinal erosion (P < 0.05). 17% EDTA, BioPure MTAD, SmearClear, and QMiX promoted significant dentin microhardness reduction. Dentinal tubules erosion was promoted by 17% EDTA. Microsc. Res. Tech., 76:1079–1083, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.