bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic pathology-based screening for diabetes
Authors: Simpson Aaron J , Krowka Renata , Kerrigan Jennifer L , Southcott Emma K , Wilson J Dennis , Potter Julia M , Nolan Christopher J , Hickman Peter E 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the potential of opportunistic glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing of pathology samples to detect previously unknown diabetes.DesignPathology samples from participants collected for other reasons and suitable for HbA1c testing were utilised for opportunistic diabetes screening. HbA1c was measured with a Biorad Variant II turbo analyser and HbA1c levels of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) were considered diagnostic for diabetes. Confirmation of previously unknown diabetes status was obtained by a review of hospital medical records and phone calls to general practitioners.SettingHospital pathology laboratory receiving samples from hospital-based and community-based (CB) settings.ParticipantsParticipants were identified based on the blood sample collection location in the CB, emergency department (ED) and inpatient (IP) groups. Exclusions pretesting were made based on the electronic patient history of: age <18 years, previous diabetes diagnosis, query for diabetes status in the past 12 months, evidence of pregnancy and sample collected postsurgery or transfusion. Only one sample per individual participant was tested.ResultsOf the 22 396 blood samples collected, 4505 (1142 CB, 1113 ED, 2250 IP) were tested of which 327 (7.3%) had HbA1c levels ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Of these 120 (2.7%) were determined to have previously unknown diabetes (11 (1%) CB, 21 (1.9%) ED, 88 (3.9%) IP). The prevalence of previously unknown diabetes was substantially higher (5.4%) in hospital-based (ED and IP) participants aged over 54 years.ConclusionsOpportunistic testing of referred pathology samples can be an effective method of screening for diabetes, especially in hospital-based and older persons.
Measuring a caring culture in hospitals: a systematic review of instruments
Authors: Hesselink G , Kuis E , Pijnenburg M , Wollersheim H 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo identify instruments or components of instruments that aim to measure aspects of a caring culture-shared beliefs, norms and values that direct professionals and managers to act caring in hospitals, and to evaluate their psychometric properties.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and the International bibliography of the Social Sciences.Study selectionPeer-reviewed articles describing (components of) instruments measuring aspects of a caring culture in a hospital setting. Studies had to report psychometric data regarding the reliability or validity of the instrument. Potentially useful instruments that were identified after the title and abstract scan were assessed on relevance by an expert panel (n=12) using the RAND-modified Delphi procedure.ResultsOf the 6399 references identified, 75 were examined in detail. 7 studies each covering a unique instrument met our inclusion criteria. On average, 24% of the instrument's items were considered relevant for measuring aspects of the hospital's caring culture. Studies showed moderate-to-high validity and reliability scores. Validity was addressed for 6 of the 7 instruments. Face, content (90%) and construct (60%) validity were the most frequently reported psychometric properties described. One study (14%) reported discriminant validity of the instrument. Reliability data were available for all of the instruments. Internal consistency was the most frequently reported psychometric property for the instruments and demonstrated by: a Cronbach's α coefficient (80%), subscale intercorrelations (60%), and item–total correlations (40%).ConclusionsThe ultimate standard for measuring a caring culture in hospitals does not exist. Existing instruments provide partial coverage and lack information on discriminant validity, responsiveness and feasibility. Characteristics of the instruments included in this review could provide useful input for the design of a reliable and valid instrument for measuring a caring culture in hospitals.
Trends in age at first hospital admission in relation to trends in life expectancy in Swedish men and women above the age of 60
Authors: Karampampa Korinna , Drefahl Sven , Andersson Tomas , Ahlbom Anders , Modig Karin 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo examine whether the first admission to hospital after the age of 60 has been postponed to higher ages for men and women in Sweden, in line with the shift in mortality.DesignThis nationwide observational study was based on data obtained from national registries in Sweden. The study cohort was created by linking the Register of the Total Population in Sweden with the National Patient Register and the Swedish Cause of Death Register.SettingThe entire Swedish population born between 1895 and 1950 was followed up between 1987 and 2010 with respect to hospital admissions and deaths using the national registry data.Primary outcome measuresThe time from age 60 until the first admission to the hospital, regardless of the diagnosis, and the time from age 60 until death (remaining life expectancy, LE) were estimated for the years 1995–2010. The difference between these two measures was also estimated for the same period.ResultsBetween 1995 and 2010 mortality as well as first hospital admission shifted to higher ages. The average time from age 60, 70, 80 and 90 until the first hospital admission increased at all ages. The remaining LE at age 60, 70 and 80 increased for men and women. For the 90-year-olds it was stable.ConclusionsIn Sweden, the first hospital admission after the age of 60 has been pushed to higher ages in line with mortality for the ages 60 and above. First admission to the hospital could indicate the onset of first severe morbidity; however, the reorganisation of healthcare may also have influenced the observed trends.
‘Do As We Say, Not as We Do:’ a cross-sectional survey of injuries in injury prevention professionals
Authors: Ezzat Allison , Brussoni Mariana , Schneeberg Amy , Jones Sarah J 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundAs the leading cause of death and among the top causes of hospitalisation in Canadians aged 1–44 years, injury is a major public health concern. Little is known about whether knowledge, training and understanding of the underlying causes and mechanisms of injury would help with one's own prevention efforts. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, we hypothesised that injury prevention professionals would experience fewer injuries than the general population.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was distributed to Canadian injury prevention practitioners, researchers and policy makers to collect information on medically attended injuries. Relative risk of injury in the past 12 months was calculated by comparing the survey data with injury incidence reported by a comparable subgroup of adults from the (Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)) from 2009 to 2010.ResultsWe had 408 injury prevention professionals complete the survey: 344 (84.5%) women and 63 (15.5%) men. In the previous 12 months, 86 individuals reported experiencing at least one medically attended injury (21 235 people per 100 000 people); with sports being the most common mechanism (41, 33.6%). Fully 84.8% individuals from our sample believed that working in the field had made them more careful. After accounting for age distribution, education level and employment status, injury prevention professionals were 1.69 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.03) times more likely to be injured in the past year.InterpretationDespite their convictions of increasing their own safety behaviour and that of others, injury prevention professionals’ knowledge and training did not help them prevent their own injuries.
Income inequality among American states and the incidence of major depression
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Kawachi Ichiro , Gilman Stephen E 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundAlthough cross-sectional and ecological studies have shown that higher area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression, few longitudinal studies have been conducted. This investigation examines the relationship between state-level income inequality and major depression among adults participating in a population-based, representative longitudinal study.MethodsWe used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n=34 653). Respondents completed structured diagnostic interviews at baseline (2001–2002) and follow-up (2004–2005). Weighted multilevel modelling was used to determine if US state-level income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient) was a significant predictor of depression at baseline and at follow-up, while controlling for individual-level and state-level covariates. We also repeated the longitudinal analyses, excluding those who had a history of depression or at baseline, in order to test whether income inequality was related to incident depression.ResultsState-level inequality was associated with increased incidence of depression among women but not men. In comparison to women residing in states belonging to the lowest quintile of income inequality, women were at increased risk for depression in the second (OR=1.18, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.62), third (OR=1.22, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.62), fourth (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.82) and fifth (OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.96) quintiles at follow-up (p<0.05 for the linear trend).ConclusionsLiving in a state with higher income inequality increases the risk for the development of depression among women.
Valanginian isotopic and palaeoecological signals from the Bucegi Mountains, Southern Carpathians, Romania
Authors: Barbu Victor 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

The first carbon- and oxygen-isotope records from the Valanginian to earliest Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) in the Southern Carpathians, Bucegi Mountains (Romania), are discussed. Stable-isotope (δ
13
C
carb
, δ
18
O
carb
) curves from bulk sedimentary carbonate have been generated from three sections. δ
13
C
carb
values fluctuate between 2.1 and 2.7‰ within the late Early Valanginian (middle NK3A–base NK3B Calcareous Nannofossil Subzone, that corresponds to late
B
.
campylotoxus
–early
S
.
Verrucosum
Ammonite Zone), and between 1.1 and 1.7‰ within the Late Valanginian–earliest Hauterivian (NK3B–base NC4A Calcareous Nannofossil Subzone, that corresponds to ? uppermost
S
.
verrucosum
–
N
.
peregrinus
–
C
.
furcillata
–earliest
Acanthodiscus radius
Ammonite Zone). The total organic carbon (loss on ignition method (LOI)) content fluctuates between 1.6 and 2.8% within the late Early Valanginian, and from 0.6 to 3.3% within the Late Valanginian–earliest Hauterivian. These results suggest the presence of Valanginian organic-rich deposition and a concurrent positive δ
13
C
carb
excursion, which has been interpreted to represent an increase in surface water productivity. The abundance of the nannofossils,
Biscutum constans
,
Discorhabdus rotatorius
,
Zeugrhabdotus erectus
and
Diazomatolithus lehmanii
suggest higher fertility and eutrophic conditions. Low oxygenation conditions leading to organic matter preservation are suggested by the presence of conical and trochospiral inflated benthic foraminiferal specimens. Furthermore, bottom-water dysaerobic conditions are suggested by the dominance of small
Spirillina
.

High fertility in the ocean could be related to a rise in atmospheric
p
CO2 levels, globally linked to the formation of the Paranà–Etendeka continental flood basalts and increased rates of oceanic crust production. Moreover, the palaeoenvironmental changes represented in the Southern Carpathians coincides with the initiation of carbonate platform drowning, as recorded globally in many sections.
RNAi-Mediated Silencing of Myc Transcription Inhibits Stem-like Cell Maintenance and Tumorigenicity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Civenni Gianluca , Malek Anastasia , Albino Domenico , Garcia-Escudero Ramon , Napoli Sara , Di Marco Stefano , Pinton Sandra , Sarti Manuela , Carbone Giuseppina M. , Catapano Carlo V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Several studies link disease progression, recurrence, and treatment failures to the cancer stem-like cell (CSC) subpopulation within the heterogeneous tumor cell population. Myc is a transcription factor having a central function in stem cell biology and in human cancers. Hence, Myc represents an attractive target to develop CSC-specific therapies. Recent findings suggest that Myc transcription can be silenced using an RNA interference (RNAi)–based strategy that targets noncoding promoter-associated RNA (paRNA) overlapping the transcription start site. In this study, we investigated the effects of silencing Myc transcription on prostate CSC in cell culture and xenograft models of human prostate cancer. Treatment with an effective promoter-targeting siRNA reduced the fraction of CSCs, leading to reduced self-renewal, tumor-initiating, and metastatic capability. Combined analysis of stem-like cells and senescence markers indicated that Myc silencing triggered a phenotypic shift and senescence in the CSC subpopulation. Notably, systemic delivery of the promoter-targeting siRNA in the xenograft model produced a striking suppression in the development of prostate tumors. Our results support a pivotal role for Myc in CSC maintenance and show that Myc targeting via RNAi-based transcriptional silencing can trigger CSC senescence and loss of their tumor-initiating capability. More generally, our findings demonstrate the efficacy of RNAi-based transcriptional strategies and the potential to target regulatory noncoding paRNAs for therapeutic applications. Cancer Res; 73(22); 6816–27. ©2013 AACR.
Clinical and Procedural Characteristics Associated With Higher Radiation Exposure During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Coronary Angiography
Authors: Delewi Ronak , Hoebers Loes P. , Råmunddal Truls , Henriques José P.S. , Angerås Oskar , Stewart Jason , Robertsson Lotta , Wahlin Magnus , Petursson Petur , Piek Jan J. , Albertsson Per , Matejka Göran , Omerovic Elmir 
Published: September 2013

Background—
We aim to study the clinical and procedural characteristics associated with higher radiation exposure in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) and coronary angiography.

Methods and Results—

Our present study included all coronary angiography and PCI procedures in 5 PCI centers in the Western part of Sweden, between January 1, 2008, and January 19, 2012. The radiation exposure and clinical data were collected prospectively in these 5 PCI centers in Sweden as part of the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). A prediction model was made for the radiation exposure (dose–area product) expressed in Gy·cm
2
. A total of 20 669 procedures were included in the present study, consisting of 9850 PCI and 10 819 coronary angiography procedures. In multivariable analyses, body mass index (β=1.04; confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.04;
P
<0.001); history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (β=1.32; CI, 1.28–1.32;
P
<0.001); 2, 3, or 4 treated lesions (2 treated lesions: β=1.95; CI, 1.84–2.03;
P
<0.001; 3 treated lesions: β=2.34; CI, 2.16–2.53;
P
<0.001; and 4 treated lesions: β=2.83; CI, 2.53–3.16;
P
<0.001); and chronic total occlusion lesions (β=1.39; CI, 1.31–1.48;
P
<0.001) were associated with the highest radiation exposure. After adjusting for procedural complexity, radial access route was not associated with increased radiation exposure (β=1.00; CI, 0.98–1.03;
P
=0.67).

Conclusions—
In the largest study population to assess radiation exposure, we found that high body mass index, history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, number of treated lesions, and chronic total occlusions were associated with the highest patient radiation exposure. Radial access site was not associated with higher radiation exposure when compared with femoral approach.
Sex-Related Differences in Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Gang , Liao Yan-Biao , Peng Yong , Chai Hua , Liu Wei , Li Qiao , Ren Xin , Wang Xue-Qin , Luo Xiao-Lin , Zhang Chen , Lu Li-Hui , Meng Qing-Tao , Chen Chi , Chen Mao , Feng Yuan , Huang De-Jia 
Published: September 2013

Background—
There were considerable discrepancies with regard to sex-related differences in complications and prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods and Results—
The Cochrane library and PubMed online databases were searched. Articles reporting sex-specific post–transcatheter aortic valve implantation complications and mortality were identified. Two authors selected studies and extracted data independently. Random- and fixed-effects models were used depending on between-study heterogeneity. There were 27 articles, a total of 9118 patients, enrolled in our systematic review and meta-analysis, including 4176 men and 4942 women. Pooled analyses suggested considerable sex-related differences in complications and early as well as midterm outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The difference in the risk for heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation was noted to be significant only in the subgroup of the CoreValve-dominating studies (pooled risk ratio [RR, men versus women], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.47). Although men had significantly lower risks for major/life-threatening bleeding (pooled RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.96) and major vascular complications (pooled RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.37–0.66), they had poorer prognosis. In fact, male sex was associated with significantly higher risks for deaths at both 30 days (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07–1.76) and 1 year (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14–1.49).

Conclusions—
Although men had lower risks for major/life-threatening bleeding and major vascular complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, they had less favorable short-term and midterm survival.
Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Murthy Santosh B. , Karanth Siddharth , Shah Shreyansh , Shastri Aditi , Rao Chethan P. Venkatasubba , Bershad Eric M. , Suarez Jose I. 
Published: September 2013

Background and Purpose—
The safety of thrombolysis for acute stroke in patients with cancer is not well established. Our aim is to study the outcomes after thrombolysis in patients with stroke with cancer.

Methods—
Patients with acute ischemic stroke who received thrombolysis were identified from the 2009 and 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with cancer-associated strokes and noncancer strokes were compared based on demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes.

Results—

Of the 32 576 strokes treated with thrombolysis, cancer-associated strokes had significantly higher comorbidity indices overall, but fewer vascular risk factors than noncancer strokes. There was no difference in the rates of home discharge and in-hospital mortality, after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with liquid cancers, patients with solid tumors had worse home discharge (odds ratio, 0.178; 95% confidence interval, 0.109–0.290;
P
<0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.018; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–6.646;
P
=0.006) after thrombolysis. Metastatic cancers had poorest outcomes, but intracerebral hemorrhage rates were similar.

Conclusions—
Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke in patients with cancer is not associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage or in-hospital mortality. However, careful consideration of the cancer subtype may help delineate the subset of patients with poor response to thrombolysis. Prospective confirmation is warranted.
The Estimation of Base Temperature for Heating and Cooling Degree-Days for South Korea
Authors: Lee Kyoungmi , Baek Hee-Jeong , Cho ChunHo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn South Korea, heating degree-days (HDD) and cooling degree-days (CDD) have been widely used as climatic indicators for the assessment of the impact of climate change, but arbitrary or customary base temperatures have been used for calculation of HDD and CDD. The purpose of this study is to determine real base temperatures to accurately calculate HDD and CDD for South Korea, using monthly electric energy consumption and mean temperature data from 2001 to 2010. The results reveal that the regional electricity demand generally depends on air temperature in a V-shaped curve in urban settings but in an L-shaped curve in rural settings, indicating that the sensitivity of the electricity demand to the temperature change is affected by the size of cities. The South Korean regional base temperatures, defined by a piecewise linear regression method, range from 14.7° to 19.4°C. These results suggest that the assessment of climate change impacts on the energy sector in South Korea should be carried out on a regional scale.
Relationships between Ice Water Content and Volume Extinction Coefficient from In Situ Observations for Temperatures from 0° to −86°C: Implications for Spaceborne Lidar Retrievals
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew , Winker Dave , Avery Melody , Vaughan Mark , Diskin Glenn , Deng Min , Mitev Valentin , Matthey Renaud 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn examination of 2 yr of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar observations and CloudSat cloud radar observations shows that ice clouds at temperatures below about −45°C frequently fall below the CloudSat radar’s detection threshold yet are readily detectable by the lidar. The CALIPSO ice water content (IWC) detection threshold is about 0.1 versus 5 mg m−3 for CloudSat. This comparison emphasizes the need for developing a lidar-only IWC retrieval method that is reliable for high-altitude ice clouds at these temperatures in this climatically important zone of the upper troposphere. Microphysical measurements from 10 aircraft field programs, spanning latitudes from the Arctic to the tropics and temperatures from −86° to 0°C, are used to develop relationships between the IWC and volume extinction coefficient σ in visible wavelengths. Relationships used to derive a radiatively important ice cloud property, the ice effective diameter De, from σ are also developed. Particle size distributions (PSDs) and direct IWC measurements, together with evaluations of the ice particle shapes and comparisons with semidirect extinction measurements, are used in this analysis. Temperature-dependent De(σ) and IWC–σ relationships developed empirically facilitate the retrieval of IWC from lidar-derived σ and De values and for comparison with other IWC observations. This suite of empirically derived relationships can be expressed analytically. These relationships can be used to derive IWC and De from σ and are developed for use in climate models to derive σ from prognosed values of IWC and specified PSD properties.