bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of plasma pre-treatment on surface properties of fabric sputtered with copper
Authors: Meng Lingling , Wei Qufu , Li Yueli , Xu Wenzheng 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– In this study, the polyester fabrics were treated with low temperature plasma before Cu sputtering. The effect of oxygen gas plasma pre-treatment on the surface structures, electrical properties, and mechanical properties of samples was investigated. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A laboratory direct current (DC) magnetron sputter coating system was used to deposit the nanoscale copper (Cu) films onto the surface of polyester plain fabric at room temperature.

Findings
– The crystal structure of the sputtered copper films did not show any obvious change on the O2-plasma-treated fabric, but the surface roughness and surface particle size increased significantly. Improvement in electrical properties of copper films was closely related to the deposition time. The tensile test results indicated that the mechanical properties of the plasma-treated polyester fabrics were also improved after copper coating.

Originality/value
– The research reports on the functional textiles, and the experiment results and analysis are original. There is a great potential to commercialize such functional textiles.
Automatic human body segmentation based on feature extraction
Authors: Jo JoonWoo , Suh MoonWon , Oh TaeHwan , Kim HeeSam , Bae HanJo , Choi SoonMo , Han SungSoo 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Automatic segmentation of unorganized 3D human body scan data was developed without heuristic specified values. It was reliable in finding the upper body's primary landmarks. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Quasi boundary point sequence (QBPS) was defined to find the boundary of the human body. Body scan data were categorized by clustering the features extracted from the predefined QBPS. A non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) approximation was used to detect the landmarks of the segmented upper torso.

Findings
– The segmentation method based on feature extraction was reliable regardless of the scan data's fidelity. It was verified that the landmark detection method introduced in this work is more robust than a previous method that utilizes the position of point data.

Originality/value
– There are several studies of human body segmentation and body landmark detection. This work, however, aims to automate fully segmentation and develop more reliable searching methods. Unlike previous work that uses only 2D human body information, this work uses 3D body information. Furthermore, previous landmark searching methods were superseded by more robust methods applying NURBS approximations.
Design for static stiffness of hydrostatic bearings: double-action variable compensation of spool-type restrictors
Authors: Kang Yuan , Yang Ding-Wen , Hu Sheng-Yan , Hung Yu-Hong , Peng De-Xing , Chen Shih-Kang 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This paper is the third part of a serial studies for constant and variable compensations of the closed-type hydrostatic thrust bearings which has face-to-face recesses couple. The static stiffness of closed-type hydrostatic thrust bearings can then be obtained from the differentiation of recess pressure with respect to worktable displacement. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, the double-action restrictors of cylindrical-spool-type and tapered-spool-type are taken into consideration for variable compensation of hydrostatic bearings.

Findings
– The static stiffness in thrust direction of hydrostatic bearing is determined by the flow continuity equations that are formulated by film flow and compensation flow for each recess, respectively. The type selection and parameter determination of the double-action spool-type restrictors can be obtained from finding results of this study for maximum stiffness in design of hydrostatic bearings.

Originality/value
– This study reveals that the appropriate range of recess pressure ratio and design parameters of restrictors for the maximum stiffness can be obtained, the avoidance of negative stiffness is also provided.
Tribological properties of A356 Al-Si alloy composites under dry sliding conditions
Authors: Vencl Aleksandar , Bobic Ilija , Stojanovic Blaza 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Aluminium alloys are frequently applied in automotive and other industries, since they provide mass reduction. Besides positive effects, aluminium alloys have their shortcomings reflected, first of all, in inappropriate tribological properties of these materials. The aim of this research was to enable the production of cheap aluminium alloy matrix composite with favourable combination of structural, mechanical and tribological properties, focusing on the tribological behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
– The A356 Al-Si alloy was used as a matrix for producing metal matrix composites in compocasting process. Three different materials, in form of particles, were added to the matrix (Al2O3, SiC and graphite). Hardness and tribological properties (wear, friction and wear mechanism) of heat-treated (T6) samples were examined and compared. Tribological tests were carried out on ball-on-block tribometer under dry sliding conditions. Sliding was linear (reciprocating). Counter body was alumina ball. Average velocity was 0.038 m/s (max. 0.06 m/s), sliding distance was 500 m and normal load was 1 N.

Findings
– The effect of two different ceramic particles and graphite particles on tribological properties of obtained composites was evaluated. Wear resistance of composites reinforced with SiC particles was higher and coefficient of friction was lower compared to the composite reinforced with Al2O3 particles. A dual hybrid composite (with SiC and graphite particles) showed the lowest value of wear rate and friction coefficient. Dominant wear mechanism for all tested material was adhesion.

Research limitations/implications
– It seems useful to continue the work on developing hybrid composites containing soft graphite particles with A356 Al-Si alloy as matrix. The major task should be to improve particles distribution (especially with higher graphite content) and to explore tribological behaviour in diverse working conditions.

Originality/value
– Particulate composites with A356 aluminium alloy as a matrix produced in compocasting process using ceramic particles (Al2O3, SiC) were investigated in many researches, but there are only few detailed analyses of dual composites (with the addition of ceramic and graphite particles). In some previous studies, it was shown that compocasting process, as relatively cheap technology, can obtain good structural and mechanical characteristics of composites. In this study, it was shown that even a low graphite content, under specified conditions, can improve tribological properties.
The tribocorrosion behaviors of Hastelloy C276 alloy in seawater
Authors: Jun Chen , Fengyuan Yan , Jianzhang Wang 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this work is to study the tribocorrosion behaviors of Hastelloy C276 alloy sliding against AISI 316 stainless steel in artificial seawater and distilled water.

Design/methodology/approach
– The electrochemical behaviors of Hastelloy C276 alloy are measured by potentiodynamic polarization method. The tribocorrosion properties are evaluated using an MRH-03 type ring-on-block test rig in artificial seawater with different salinity. The wear loss is determined by the difference of sample weight before and after tribocorrosion tests.

Findings
– The results show that the typical passivation behavior is observed for C276 alloy in seawater. The Hastelloy C276 alloy has the maximum corrosion current density in 3 percent seawater, which is the synergism of salt concentration and dissolved oxygen in seawater. Friction coefficients are in general larger in distilled water compared with seawater. The wear loss in seawater is always higher than that in distilled water for both alloys. Seawater could reduce the friction coefficient and the wear resistance.

Originality/value
– Many scientists focused on studying the friction behavior of passive metals sliding against alumina or zirconia, which was considered to act as inert antagonist in the experiments. However, there are few papers available on the tribocorrosion properties of passive metals sliding each other in corrosion mediums.
Simulation and optimization of thrust circular bearings with planes sector-shaped
Authors: J.C. Blanco Claudio , T. Prata Alvaro , C.L. Pessoa Francisco 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze journal thrust bearings geometries, used in household refrigerators, using a modified version of the Reynolds equation which includes the inertial terms.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Reynolds equation was solved through the finite volume method, thus providing the pressure field in the lubricant film and, consequently, the load and the power used by the bearing. Such parameters depend on bearing geometry, which was optimized through the method of Lagrange multipliers, to support a given load and use the lowest power possible. The optimized geometries included the Rayleigh pad with 4, 8 and 16 steps, and a milled geometry with 4 steps.

Findings
– For the Rayleigh pad, the number of steps was varied and a decrease in the power consumed with the increase in the number of steps was observed. The milled pad performance was better than that Rayleigh pad with 4 steps and comparable to the pad with 8 steps.

Originality/value
– The manufacture of pads, with a high number of steps, is complicated and, then, a milled pad with 4 steps was proposed in this paper. The use of milled pads is a technological innovation worthy of a more thorough investigation, considering its facility of manufacture when compared to the Rayleigh pad.
A comparison of two minimum quantity lubrication delivery systems
Authors: Kurgin Sheri , M. Dasch Jean , L. Simon Daniel , C. Barber Gary , Zou Qian 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of single- and dual-channel minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) for reaming spool bores in an automotive transmission valve body.

Design/methodology/approach
– Machining experiments are conducted under various parameters for both single- and dual-channel MQL. Comparison metrics include part surface temperature, spindle power consumption and hole quality. Experimental data from traditional through-tool flood coolant are provided as a baseline for spindle power consumption and part quality.

Findings
– The results show that with proper tooling and machining parameters, dual-channel MQL can perform equivalently or better than flood coolant. Single-channel MQL was not deemed suitable for this machining application.

Practical implications
– The results of the study show that MQL can be successfully applied for precision reaming of aluminum and can provide guidance in developing an MQL system.

Originality/value
– Few studies have been performed for reaming holes in general, and very few studies have been performed for reaming with MQL. Reaming is a critical operation used to create holes with precise quality. No study was found in the literature review that directly compared the performance of single- and dual-channel MQL delivery systems.
Running-in of repaired engines using friction modifiers
Authors: S. Dimitrov Mitko , I. Nikolov Mitko , N. Gospodinova Nina , J. Pavlov Dimitar 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to present a new friction modifier (mixture of zinc and copper oleates) proper for industrial running-in of repaired engines.

Design/methodology/approach
– The method of comparison was used for testing the offered friction modifier, a market product “Renom Engine” and a blank sample of motor oil as an etalon. Running-in time has been established. The mechanical losses change and the relevant coefficients have been determined. Data of the bearings wear have been included.

Findings
– The benefit of the metal oleates and Renom Engine usage as friction modifiers has been proved. Time for industrial cold running-in of repaired engines decreases by around 20 per cent when friction modifiers are used in comparison with the etalon oil. The coefficient of the mechanical losses reduction at running-in with friction modifiers is higher than the coefficient for the etalon oil. The higher coefficient values indicate that the running-in of the working surfaces occurs more intensively and for a shorter period of time. Lower wear of the bearings is combined with smaller roughness of the friction surface, which secures higher quality of the surfaces run-in with the friction modifiers and greater capacity by around 30 per cent.

Originality/value
– This study introduces a new friction modifier for industrial running-in of repaired engines. It would be of interest to the customers and manufacturers of oil additives.
Wear performance and its online monitoring of the semimetal brake lining for automobiles
Authors: Yin Yan , Bao Jiusheng , Yang Lei 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– In order to improving the braking reliability and assuring the driving safety of automobiles, this paper aims at the wear performance and its online monitoring of its brake lining.

Design/methodology/approach
– The wear performance of the semimetal brake lining for automobiles was investigated on a self-made braking tester for disc brakes. Based on the experimental data, an intelligent forecasting model for the wear rate was established by the artificial neural network (ANN) technology. And by taking it as a core, an online braking wear monitoring system for automobiles was designed.

Findings
– It is shown that the wear rate rises obviously with the increasing of both initial braking velocity and braking pressure. By the contrast, the initial braking velocity affects the wear rate more seriously. The ANN model trained by the experimental data shows favorable capability for predicting of the wear rate. The big forecasting errors at high velocity and heavy load should be attributed to the jumping of the wear rate at this period. Based on the existed sensors and electronic control unit system of automobiles, the online braking wear monitoring system can be established easily by the ANN technology.

Originality/value
– A self-made braking tester for disc brakes was used to test the wear performance, which can simulate better the actual disc braking conditions than the standard pin-on-disc friction tester. An online braking wear monitoring system was designed to help improving the braking reliability and safety of automobiles.
Anti-friction property of surface patterning nano-hard film on the monocrystalline silicon surface
Authors: Wengang Chen , Shirong Ge , Lianyun Pang , Yonghai Zhang 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Three types of pattern on the monocrystalline silicon surface were prepared by using laser surface processing equipment. The DLC film and Si-DLC film on the patterning surface were deposited by using PECVD-2D plasma chemical vapor deposition sets. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The tribological properties of the films were investigated by using the UMT-2 micro friction and wear tester. The surface topography, composition, hardness and elastic modular of the films were determined by Raman spectrum, nano mechanics tester and three-dimensional topography instrument. The worn surface topographies of the surface patterning films were tested by scanning electron microscopy.

Findings
– The results show that the patterning monocrystalline silicon substrate surface has good anti-friction property under low load. The patterning DLC film and Si-DLC film surface have very good anti-friction property under all the test loads. The reason of these results is that the surface patterning film not only reduces the real contact area of the friction pairs but also has low surface bonding force.

Originality/value
– This paper prepared three kinds of microscopic patterns on the monocrystalline silicon surface by using laser surface processing equipment. And then deposited DLC film and Si-DLC film on the patterning surface. All kinds of surface patterning monocrystalline silicon had very good anti-friction property under low load. And all kinds of surface patterning nano-hard film had perfect anti-friction property under all test loads.
Tribological behaviors of some novel dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives containing hydroxyl as multifunctional lubricant additives in biodegradable lithium grease
Authors: Chen Huan , Jiang Junhui , Ren Tianhui , Zheng Lei , Zhao Yidong 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– In order to meet the requests of exploring environmental-friendly and multifunctional lubricant additives, some novel dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives containing hydroxyl are prepared and used as antiwear (AW) and extreme-pressure (EP) additives in biodegradable lithium grease. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The tribological performances of the grease samples containing these derivatives are evaluated by using a four-ball tester. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is used to analyze the chemistry of tribofilms under AW/EP regime, and thermal films are also considered for comparison.

Findings
– The tribological tests show that these derivatives are all effective in reducing wear, especially at lower additive concentrations, but they are basically failed in reducing friction. They are also helpful in improving the EP characteristic of the base grease. The thermal films generated by these derivatives are composed of adsorbed organic sulfide and ferrous sulfate, though for short-chain derivatives, organic sulfide is the only component at 5.0 wt.%. Ferrous sulfide is the main component of the tribofilms formed by these derivatives at various additive concentrations. But for short-chain derivatives, these tribofilms consist of ferrous sulfide and ferrous disulfide at 5.0 wt.%, and the appearance of disulfide suggests that the interfacial temperature between the upper ball and three lower balls under these conditions is considerably low. The EP films generated by short-chain derivatives are all composed of organic sulfide and ferrous sulfide, while for long-chain derivatives, ferrous sulfide is the main component.

Originality/value
– These low-toxic and oil-soluble dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives are effective in improving the tribological characteristic of the biodegradable lithium grease, and these heterocyclic derivatives may be good substitutes for some harmful traditional additives.
Investigation of wear behaviour of thixoformed and conventional gravity cast AlSi8Cu3Fe alloys
Authors: Saklakoglu Nursen , Gencalp Irizalp Simge , Ercayhan Yigit , Birol Yucel 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– In the present work, thixoformed AlSi8Cu3Fe alloy was investigated for its tribological properties. The tribological analysis reveals good sliding wear behaviour for thixoformed alloy due to thixotropic microstructural character. The results are compared with sliding wear behaviour of conventional gravity cast alloy. This paper aims to discuss these subjects.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, thixoforming and gravity casting methods are used to produce materials. The ball-on-disc CSM tribometer was used to carry out the tribological tests that were performed under dry sliding conditions, under two different loads of 1N and 5N. Wear tests were performed first on the conventional gravity cast samples and then on the thixoformed counterparts in exactly the same fashion to facilitate a comparison. The microstructural characterizations are performed in optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.

Findings
– Thixoformed samples have better wear resistance than conventional gravity cast samples. The wear performance improves in thixoformed AlSi8Cu3Fe alloy thanks to changing the microstructure. The superiority of the former is attributed to its structural features.

Originality/value
– In this study, the thixoforming of AlSi8Cu3Fe alloy can provide important wear performance in comparison with conventional casting of AlSi8Cu3Fe alloy. This alloy is known to be used widely in automotive industry. Therefore, the alloy is highly exposed to wear and it is thought that thixoforming method can increase the wear resistant.
Preparation and tribological properties of surface-modified calcium borate nanoparticles as additive in lubricating oil
Authors: Huang Ying , Han Sheng , Liu Sizhou , Wang Yuhong , Li Jiusheng 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– To develop a potential substitute for conventional lubricant additive and improve the oil-solubility of nanoparticles, calcium borate nanoparticles modified by an eco-friendly or “green” modifier lauric acid (CBLA) were prepared. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The microstructures of the as-obtained samples were characterized by X-ray power diffraction (XRD) transmission electron microscope (TEM) and infrared spectra (IR). The contact angle was also measured. Tribological properties of CBLA used as additive in base oil were evaluated with a four-ball tribotester and compared with a commercial additive. The worn surface was investigated by polarized microscope (PM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Findings
– The results indicate that the average size is in the range of 50-100 nm and the surface of calcium borate was altered from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. At the same time, the nanoparticles can be dispersed well in the base oil. Tribological results show that CBLA have good antiwear property and friction-reducing property in base oil, and it can be found that during the sliding process, a continuous wear resistance film was formed which containing depositions and the tribochemical reaction products such as B2O3, FeB, Fe2O3 and CaO.

Originality/value
– An eco-friendly or “green” modifier lauric acid could change the surface of calcium borate from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, and calcium borate modified by lauric acid has good tribological properties in lubricating oil.
Chemical mechanical polishing of steel substrate using aluminum nanoparticles abrasive slurry
Authors: Peng De-Xing 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has attracted much attention recently because of its importance as a nano-scale finishing process for high value-added large components that are used in the aerospace industry. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The characteristics of aluminum nanoparticles slurry including oxidizer, oxidizer contents, abrasive contents, slurry flow rate, and polishing time on aluminum nanoparticles CMP performance, including material removal amount and surface morphology were studied.

Findings
– Experimental results indicate that the CMP performance depends strongly on the oxidizer, oxidizer contents, and abrasive contents. Surface polished by slurries that contain nano-Al abrasives had a lower surface average roughness (Ra), lower topographical variations and less scratching. The material removal amount and the Ra were 124 and 7.61 nm with appropriate values of the process parameters of the oxidizer, oxidizer content, abrasive content, slurry flow rate and polishing time which were H2O2, 2 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 10 ml/min, 5 min, respectively.

Originality/value
– Based on SEM determinations of the process parameters for the polishing of the surfaces, the CMP mechanism was deduced preliminarily.