bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale worth telling: the impact of the diagnosis experience on disclosure of genetic disorders
Authors: Goodwin J. , Schoch K. , Shashi V. , Hooper S. R. , Morad O. , Zalevsky M. , Gothelf D. , Campbell L. E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests children with genetic disorders exhibit greater coping skills when they are aware of their condition and its heritability. While the experiences parents have at diagnosis may influence their decision to disclose the diagnosis to their children, there is little research into this communication. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between the diagnosis experience and the disclosure experience for parents of children with developmental disorders of a known genetic aetiology: parents of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) were compared with a group of parents with children affected with other genetic diagnoses, with a similar age of diagnosis (e.g. fragile X syndrome) and a group where diagnosis generally occurs early (i.e. Down syndrome).MethodThe sample comprised 559 parents and caregivers of children with genetic developmental disorders, and an online survey was utilised. Items from the questionnaire were combined to create variables for diagnosis experience, parental disclosure experience, child's disclosure experience, and parental coping and self‐efficacy.ResultsAcross all groups parents reported that the diagnosis experience was negative and often accompanied by a lack of support and appropriate information. Sixty‐eight per cent of those in the 22q11DS and 58.3% in the Similar Conditions groups had disclosed the diagnosis to their child, whereas only 32.7% of the Down syndrome group had. Eighty‐six per cent of the Down syndrome group felt they had sufficient information to talk to their child compared with 44.1% of the Similar Conditions group and 32.6% of the 22q11DS group. Parents reported disclosing the diagnosis to their child because they did not want to create secrets; and that they considered the child's age when disclosing. In the 22q11DS and Similar Conditions groups, a poor diagnosis experience was significantly associated with negative parental disclosure experiences. In the Similar Conditions group, a poor diagnosis experience was also significantly associated with a more negative child disclosure experience.ConclusionsAs expected this study highlights how difficult most parents find the diagnosis experience. Importantly, the data indicate that the personal experiences the parents have can have a long‐term impact on how well they cope with telling their child about the diagnosis. It is important for clinicians to consider the long‐term ramifications of the diagnosis experience and give the parents opportunities; through, for instance, psychoeducation to prepare for telling their child about the diagnosis. Further research is warranted to explore what type of information would be useful for parents to receive.
Using a Life Course Model to Examine Racial Disparities in Low Birth Weight During Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Brewin Dorothy , Nannini Angela 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionThis study examined relationships between health, social, environmental, and economic factors during adolescence and the subsequent risk of giving birth to a low‐birth‐weight (LBW) infant, to inform strategies for reducing racial disparities in LBW.MethodsData were derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A sample of 1213 adolescents, reporting on first pregnancies, was created with 35% black, non‐Hispanic (black) and 65% white, non‐Hispanic (white) participants. Independent variables were from the domains of individual characteristics, health status, access to care, and social environment. The dependent variable was low birth weight. Overall and race‐specific logistic regression models were estimated.ResultsBlack women had 1.9 times the odds of giving birth to an LBW infant as white women. Factors associated with LBW differed between black women and white women. Black women with a history of hypertension were 6 times more likely to have an LBW infant. Intimate partner support during prenatal care was protective for black women. Factors associated with an increased risk of giving birth to an LBW infant for white women included an intergenerational pattern of LBW, low body mass index during adolescence, and smoking during pregnancy. Socioeconomic factors during adolescence did not predict the odds of having an LBW infant for either group, except for white women whose parents had less than a high school education and black women living in medium‐poverty neighborhoods.DiscussionFindings suggest that strategies to reduce racial disparities should address the specific needs of the population being served over the life course.
Gender Identity Rather Than Sexual Orientation Impacts on Facial Preferences
Authors: Ciocca Giacomo , Limoncin Erika , Cellerino Alessandro , Fisher Alessandra D. , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Carosa Eleonora , Mollaioli Daniele , Valenzano Dario R. , Mennucci Andrea , Bandini Elisa , Di Stasi Savino M. , Maggi Mario , Lenzi Andrea , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Differences in facial preferences between heterosexual men and women are well documented. It is still a matter of debate, however, how variations in sexual identity/sexual orientation may modify the facial preferences.

Aim
This study aims to investigate the facial preferences of male-to-female (MtF) individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) and the influence of short-term/long-term relationships on facial preference, in comparison with healthy subjects.

Methods
Eighteen untreated MtF subjects, 30 heterosexual males, 64 heterosexual females, and 42 homosexual males from university students/staff, at gay events, and in Gender Clinics were shown a composite male or female face. The sexual dimorphism of these pictures was stressed or reduced in a continuous fashion through an open-source morphing program with a sequence of 21 pictures of the same face warped from a feminized to a masculinized shape.

Main Outcome Measures
An open-source morphing program (gtkmorph) based on the X-Morph algorithm.

Results
MtF GD subjects and heterosexual females showed the same pattern of preferences: a clear preference for less dimorphic (more feminized) faces for both short- and long-term relationships. Conversely, both heterosexual and homosexual men selected significantly much more dimorphic faces, showing a preference for hyperfeminized and hypermasculinized faces, respectively.

Conclusions
These data show that the facial preferences of MtF GD individuals mirror those of the sex congruent with their gender identity. Conversely, heterosexual males trace the facial preferences of homosexual men, indicating that changes in sexual orientation do not substantially affect preference for the most attractive faces.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in the horse
Authors: Rezende M. L. , Grimsrud K. N. , Stanley S. D. , Steffey E. P. , Mama K. R. 
Published: July 2014

The aim of the study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in horses. Eight adult horses received 5 μg/kg dexmedetomidineIV. Blood samples were collected before and for 10 h after drug administration to determine dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Data from one outlier were excluded from the statistical summary. Behavioral and physiological responses were recorded before and for 6 h after dexmedetomidine administration. Dexmedetomidine concentrations decreased rapidly (elimination half‐life of 8.03 ± 0.84 min). Time of last detection varied from 30 to 60 min. Bradycardia was noted at 4 and 10 min after drug administration (26 ± 8 and 29 ± 8 beats/min respectively). Head height decreased by 70% at 4 and 10 min and gradually returned to baseline. Ability to ambulate was decreased for 60 min following drug administration, and mechanical nociceptive threshold was increased during 30 min. Blood glucose peaked at 30 min (134 ± 24 mg/dL) and borborygmi were decreased for the first hour after dexmedetomidine administration. Dexmedetomidine was quickly eliminated as indicated by the rapid decrease in plasma concentrations. Physiological, behavioral, and analgesic effects observed after dexmedetomidine administration were of short duration.
Antioxidant activity of hyaluronic acid investigated by means of chemiluminescence of equine neutrophil bursts and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Braga P. C. , Dal Sasso M. , Lattuada N. , Greco V. , Sibilia V. , Zucca E. , Stucchi L. , Ferro E. , Ferrucci F. 
Published: July 2014

Activated neutrophils (PMNs), the ROS/RNS released by PMNs and the derived inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of human inflammatory airway diseases. Similar diseases are also present in horses which suffer from recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) and inflammatory airway diseases (IAD). Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays numerous roles in modulating inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to examine whether a preparation of HA (MW 900 000 Da) interferes with ROS/RNS during the course of equine PMN respiratory bursts, and to establish the lowest concentration at which it still has antioxidant activity by means of luminol‐amplified chemiluminescence (LACL). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was also used to investigate the direct antiradical activity of HA. The hydroxyl radical was significantly scavenged in a concentration‐dependent manner at HA concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 0.16 mg/mL. Superoxide anion, Tempol radical and the ABTS•+were significantly inhibited at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 0.62 mg/mL. The LACL of stimulated equine neutrophils showed that HA induced a statistically significant concentration–effect reduction from 5 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. These findings were confirmed also when l‐Arg was added to investigate the inhibition of the resulting peroxynitrite anion. Our findings indicate that, in addition to the human use, HA can also be used to antagonize the oxidative stress generated by free radicals in horses peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In order to achieve therapeutic concentrations, a direct aerosol administration to horses with horse respiratory diseases can be considered, as this route of application is also recommended in human medicine.
Urethral Metastasis from Rectal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: CHANG Chun‐Feng , HSU Shun‐Neng , CHIEN Shang‐Tao , WANG Chian‐Ting , NI Ying‐Jui , HSU Ching‐Wen , MEI Jian‐Tai 
Published: July 2014

CaseA 73‐year‐old man with Dukes' C adenocarcinoma of the rectum, pT3N2bM0, stage IIIB, presented with voiding difficulties including poor stream and terminal dribbling for one month. The patient was under careful surveillance and had no postoperative recurrence. Physical examination revealed a palpable irregular nodular lesion (0.5 × 0.5 cm2) at the penile‐scrotal junction. He underwent urethroscopy, which showed a cauliflower lesion in the pendulous urethra. Transurethral resection was performed and histopathologic and immunochemical staining demonstrated a metastatic moderately differentiated urethral adenocarcinoma from the colorectal primary.OutcomeHis voiding disorder improved significantly post‐operation and he commenced second‐line chemotherapy combined with regional radiotherapy. Follow‐up urethrocystoscopy and abdominal computed tomography demonstrated no recurrence or metastatic disease. His tumor marker remained within the normal range for 12 months.ConclusionUrethral metastasis from primary colon cancer is extremely rare. This disease, with its various atypical presentations, presents a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. In patients with recurrent or persistent lower urinary tract symptoms, further urologic workup including thorough history taking, physical examination, and imaging surveys is warranted.
Accumulation of the Type IV prepilin triggers degradation of SecY and YidC and inhibits synthesis of Photosystem II proteins in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803
Authors: Linhartová Markéta , Bučinská Lenka , Halada Petr , Ječmen Tomáš , Šetlík Jiří , Komenda Josef , Sobotka Roman 
Published: July 2014

SummaryType IV pilins are bacterial proteins that are small in size but have a broad range of functions, including motility, transformation competence and secretion. Although pilins vary in sequence, they possess a characteristic signal peptide that has to be removed by the prepilin peptidase PilD during pilin maturation. We generated a pilD (slr1120) null mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 that accumulates an unprocessed form of the major pilin PilA1 (pPilA1) and its non‐glycosylated derivative (NpPilA1). Notably, the pilD strain had aberrant membrane ultrastructure and did not grow photoautotrophically because the synthesis of Photosystem II subunits was abolished. However, other membrane components such as Photosystem I and ATP synthase were synthesized at levels comparable to the control strain. Proliferation of the pilD strain was rescued by elimination of the pilA1 gene, demonstrating that PilA1 prepilin inhibited the synthesis of Photosystem II. Furthermore, NpPilA1 co‐immunoprecipitated with the SecY translocase and the YidC insertase, and both of these essential translocon components were degraded in the mutant. We propose that unprocessed prepilins inactivate an identical pool of translocons that function in the synthesis of both pilins and the core subunits of Photosystem II.
Liturgical Irenicism and the Unity of the Church
Authors: Smith Innocent 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe liturgy has often been a source of conflict within Christian communities. After comparing several recent exhortations by Pope Francis and Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI concerning the importance of the unity of the Church, this essay examines resources for articulating an approach of “liturgical irenicism” on the basis of texts from Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and the Magisterium of the Church.
Part‐Time Work, Fixed‐Term Contracts, and the Returns to Experience
Authors: Fernández‐Kranz Daniel , Paul Marie , Rodríguez‐Planas Núria 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUsing data from Spanish Social Security records, we investigate the returns to experience for female workers in different flexible work arrangements. Our model consists of four random‐effects equations simultaneously estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. We find a large negative wage effect of working part‐time (PT), which differs by motherhood status and contract type. We also find that working PT involves lower returns to experience than standard full‐time employment and thus a substantial negative wage effect accumulates over time for those employed PT. Finally, our simulations reveal that working PT also raises the probability of working under a fixed‐term contract.
The development of a specialty: an interview with Dr. Mark C. Rogers, a pioneering pediatric intensivist
Authors: Mai Christine L. , Firth Paul G. , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Rodriguez Samuel , Yaster Myron 
Published: July 2014

SummaryDr. Mark C. Rogers (1942–), Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University, was recruited by the Department of Pediatrics at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1977 to become the first director of its pediatric intensive care unit. After the dean of the medical school appointed him to chair the Department of Anesthesia in 1979, Rogers changed the course and culture of the department. He renamed it the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and developed a long‐term strategy of excellence in clinical care, research, and education. However, throughout this period, he never lost his connection to pediatric intensive care. He has made numerous contributions to pediatric critical care medicine through research and his authoritative textbook, Rogers' Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. He established a training programme that has produced a plethora of leaders, helped develop the pediatric critical care board examination, and initiated the first World Congress of Pediatric Intensive Care. Based on a series of interviews with Dr. Rogers, this article reviews his influential career and the impact he made on developing pediatric critical care as a specialty.
Patient Satisfaction with Fentanyl Sublingual Spray in Opioid‐Tolerant Patients with Breakthrough Cancer Pain
Authors: Rauck Richard , Parikh Neha , Dillaha Larry , Barker Jerry , Stearns Lisa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesBreakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) is associated with decreased satisfaction with around‐the‐clock opioid therapy. This analysis examined patient satisfaction with fentanyl sublingual spray for BTCP during the open‐label titration period of a randomized, placebo‐controlled study.MethodsOpioid‐tolerant patients with 1 to 4 daily BTCP episodes were included. During a 26‐day, open‐label titration phase, a successful dose (100 to 1600 mcg) of fentanyl sublingual spray was established that provided effective analgesia for 2 consecutive BTCP episodes with tolerable side effects. The Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) was administered at baseline to assess satisfaction with previous BTCP medication and at the end of the titration to assess satisfaction with fentanyl sublingual spray.ResultsOf 130 enrolled patients, 115 (88.5%) had a TSQM measure at baseline and at the end of their titration period. Scores on all 4 TSQM domains increased from baseline to end of the titration, with mean (standard error [SE]) improvements of 22.3 (2.3) for effectiveness, 7.7 (3.2) for side effects, 6.8 (2.2) for convenience, and 12.9 (2.8) for global satisfaction (P < 0.05 for all). Satisfaction with symptom relief (26.1% to 77.4%) and onset of action (21.7% to 82.6%) also improved from baseline to end of titration. At least one adverse event (AE) was reported by 78 patients (60.0%). The most common AEs considered possibly or probably related to study medication were dizziness, somnolence, and nausea (n = 10 [7.7%] each).DiscussionThese data indicate markedly improved satisfaction among patients receiving fentanyl sublingual spray relative to previous BTCP medications.
Mitochondrial dynamics regulate melanogenesis through proteasomal degradation of MITF via ROS‐ERK activation
Authors: Kim Eun Sung , Park So Jung , Goh Myeong‐Jin , Na Yong‐Joo , Jo Doo Sin , Jo Yoon Kyung , Shin Ji Hyun , Choi Eun Sun , Lee Hae‐Kwang , Kim Ju‐Yeon , Jeon Hong Bae , Kim Jin Cheon , Cho Dong‐Hyung 
Published: July 2014

SummaryMitochondrial dynamics control mitochondrial functions as well as their morphology. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in melanogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we show that mitochondrial dynamics regulate melanogenesis by modulating the ROS‐ERK signaling pathway. Genetic and chemical inhibition of Drp1, a mitochondrial fission protein, increased melanin production and mitochondrial elongation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. In contrast, down‐regulation of OPA1, a mitochondria fusion regulator, suppressed melanogensis but induced massive mitochondrial fragmentation in hyperpigmented cells. Consistently, treatment with CCCP, a mitochondrial fission chemical inducer, also efficiently repressed melanogenesis. Furthermore, we found that ROS production and ERK phosphorylation were increased in cells with fragmented mitochondria. And inhibition of ROS or ERK suppressed the antimelanogenic effect of mitochondrial fission in α‐MSH‐treated cells. In addition, the activation of ROS‐ERK pathway by mitochondrial fission induced phosphorylation of serine73 on MITF accelerating its proteasomal degradation. In conclusion, mitochondrial dynamics may regulate melanogenesis by modulating ROS‐ERK signaling pathway.
Retrospective Review of Relapse after Systemic Cyclosporine in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Sibbald Cathryn , Pope Elena , Ho Nhung , Weinstein Miriam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCyclosporine is a systemic therapy used for control of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Although traditionally recommended at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 6 months, a longer duration of treatment may be necessary to bring a child with active and severe disease into remission. There are few data on the short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of longer courses of therapy. This was a retrospective chart review of children treated with cyclosporine at a Canadian hospital‐affiliated clinic between 2000 and 2013. Fifteen patients with adequate follow‐up were identified. Twelve (80%) were male and the mean age at initiation of cyclosporine was 11.2 ± 3.4 years. The mean duration of cyclosporine therapy was 10.9 ± 2.7 months (range 7–15 months) at a starting dose of 2.8 ± 0.6 mg/kg/day. Of 12 patients (80%) who responded to cyclosporine, 5 patients (42%) had relapsed at a follow‐up of 22.7 ± 15.0 months. The duration of therapy was longer in patients who did not relapse (17.7 ± 10.7 months) than in those who did (10.2 ± 2.7 months) (p = 0.06). Adverse events led to discontinuation in three patients (20%) and included infection‐related complications in two patients and reversible renal toxicity in one. These results suggest that a longer duration of low‐dose cyclosporine may help decrease the risk of relapse in patients with severe AD who are resistant to topical therapies.
Turning inward versus outward: Relationship work in young adults and romantic functioning
Authors: JENSEN JAKOB F. , RAUER AMY J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study examined 106 romantically involved young adults to determine the frequency of disclosure of romantic problems to both partners and best friends and links to romantic functioning. Results revealed females and males did not differ in frequency of this “relationship work” (RW) with either partners or friends and both engaged in more frequent RW with partners. Simple slopes analyses indicated that discussing romantic problems often with a friend and rarely with a partner was associated with poorer romantic functioning (e.g., less happiness, commitment, love). Conversely, when engaging in frequent RW with partners, regardless of RW performed with friends, relationships flourished. Findings link the social network to romantic functioning and reinforce the importance of discussing romantic problems with one's partner.
Early drinking onset: A study of prevalence and determinants among 13‐year‐old adolescents in Norway
Authors: Adolfsen Frode , Strøm Henriette Kyrrestad , Martinussen Monica , Natvig Henrik , Eisemann Martin , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Koposov Roman 
Published: July 2014

Early drinking onset is associated with different psychosocial adjustment problems among adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess determinants associated with early drinking and to identify factors predicting early drinking onset among adolescents. The study included 1,550 eighth‐graders with a mean age of 13.5 years from 41 schools. A total of 24% (boys 29%, girls 19%) had ever drunk alcohol, while 14% had drunk some alcohol in the last 30 days. Further, early drinking was associated with gender, religion, school performance, smoking and bullying in the bivariate tests. Predictors of early drinking onset were identified by generalized linear mixed models with two multivariable models created. The first model included social and environmental variables. Entering intentions, expectancies, attitudes and norms into the multivariable analysis resulted in a significant improvement of the model fit constituting 86% in the second model. The percentage correctly classified those (56%) who had been drinking in the second model which was two times higher compared to the first model. Gender, religion and smoking emerged as significant predictors of drinking in both models.