bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to prevent the onset of frailty in adults aged 60 and older (PRAE-Frail): a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Eidam Annette , Durga Jane , Bauer Jürgen M. , Zimmermann Samuel , Vey Johannes A. , Rapp Kilian , Schwenk Michael , Cesari Matteo , Benzinger Petra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Frailty in older adults is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, while evidence on its successful prevention has been scarce. Therefore, we analyzed the effectiveness of different interventions for the prevention of frailty onset.

Methods
In this systematic review, eight databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of interventions in non-frail (i.e., robust or pre-frail) adults aged ≥ 60 years that assessed frailty incidence at follow-up. Additive component network meta-analysis (CNMA) was conducted to isolate the effect of different intervention types on the main outcome of frailty incidence, reporting relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The effect on gait speed was analyzed as an additional outcome using a classic network meta-analysis and the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI.

Results
We screened 24,263 records and identified 11 eligible trials. Nine trials (842 participants, all categorized according to the physical phenotype) in pre-frail (seven RCTs) and robust/pre-frail (two RCTs) older adults were included in the CNMA. Physical exercise significantly reduced frailty incidence at follow-up (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08; 0.83), while this was not found for nutritional interventions (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.33; 4.10). Interventions based on physical exercise also improved gait speed (SMD 1.55, 95% CI 1.16; 1.95). In addition, 22 eligible trial protocols without published results were identified.

Conclusion
Interventions based on physical exercise appear to be effective in preventing the onset of frailty in older adults. Although the available data are still limited, results from ongoing trials may add to the body of evidence in the foreseeable future.
Conceptualisation of the SHIFT–SHARE: A New Strategic Healthcare Implementation Framework for Task Shifting, Sharing and Resource Enhancement
Authors: Das Shukanto , Grant Liz , Weller David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHealthcare systems challenged by chronic workforce shortages use task shifting and task sharing as tools to transfer certain services from providers with a high skill base to providers typically with fewer skills or qualifications. The World Health Organization’s global guidelines on task shifting advised countries to develop regulatory and implementation frameworks to expand task shifting for urgent public health issues. These frameworks direct, structure and support interventions by considering various factors that may affect their success. This paper outlines the process undertaken to develop a new implementation framework for task shifting and sharing, called the SHIFT-SHARE. We describe the framework and discuss our next steps to validate and refine it. SHIFT-SHARE draws on change management theories, particularly those of Lewin and Kotter, along with Lean Thinking and Diffusion of Innovation theory. It is further complemented by theoretical constructs of popular implementation frameworks, such as the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, Calderdale Framework and others. SHIFT-SHARE has six cyclical stages, namely (1) Environmental Scanning, (2) Priming, (3) Risk Signal, (4) Capacity Building, (5) Monitoring and Evaluation, and (6) Maintenance and Diffusion. Clinical safety, patient-centredness, ethical considerations and stakeholder feedback underpin every stage of SHIFT-SHARE. Following further development and refinement, our hope is that this framework can be used as a strategic planning tool to systematically redistribute tasks between different cadres of care providers, optimise resource usage, improve care access and quality, and introduce stability in service provision.
Error bounds for one-dimensional constrained Langevin approximations for nearly density-dependent Markov chains
Authors: Campos Felipe A. , Williams Ruth J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContinuous-time Markov chains are frequently used to model the stochastic dynamics of (bio)chemical reaction networks. However, except in very special cases, they cannot be analyzed exactly. Additionally, simulation can be computationally intensive. An approach to address these challenges is to consider a more tractable diffusion approximation. Leite and Williams (Ann. Appl. Prob.29, 2019) proposed a reflected diffusion as an approximation for (bio)chemical reaction networks, which they called the constrained Langevin approximation (CLA) as it extends the usual Langevin approximation beyond the first time some chemical species becomes zero in number. Further explanation and examples of the CLA can be found in Anderson et al. (SIAM Multiscale Modeling Simul.17, 2019).In this paper, we extend the approximation of Leite and Williams to (nearly) density-dependent Markov chains, as a first step to obtaining error estimates for the CLA when the diffusion state space is one-dimensional, and we provide a bound for the error in a strong approximation. We discuss some applications for chemical reaction networks and epidemic models, and illustrate these with examples. Our method of proof is designed to generalize to higher dimensions, provided there is a Lipschitz Skorokhod map defining the reflected diffusion process. The existence of such a Lipschitz map is an open problem in dimensions more than one.
Tail asymptotics and precise large deviations for some Poisson cluster processes
Authors: Baeriswyl Fabien , Chavez-Demoulin Valérie , Wintenberger Olivier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study the tail asymptotics of two functionals (the maximum and the sum of the marks) of a generic cluster in two sub-models of the marked Poisson cluster process, namely the renewal Poisson cluster process and the Hawkes process. Under the hypothesis that the governing components of the processes are regularly varying, we extend results due to [6, 19], notably relying on Karamata’s Tauberian Theorem to do so. We use these asymptotics to derive precise large-deviation results in the fashion of [32] for the just-mentioned processes.
Impacts of Vertical Migrants on Biogeochemistry in an Earth System Model
Authors: Getzlaff Julia , Kriest Iris 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVertical migrants are a diverse group of organisms, which includes crustaceans, cephalopods and mesopelagic fishes. They play an active role in the biogeochemical cycles but are in general not included in numerical models. In this study we introduce a fully coupled Earth system model that represents vertical migration and with this resolves the key components of the mesopelagic ecosystem, namely migrating zooplankton and mesopelagic fish, including their feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles. The redistribution of nutrients in the water column by vertical migration results in a reduction of the net primary production of 14%–21%, as well as in an asymmetric response in the low oxygenated waters in the tropical Pacific (an increase in the northern and a decrease in the southern oxygen minimum zone). On a global scale, we find the active transport of carbon out of the surface layer to be equivalent to ∼25% of the total export (∼30% relative to passive sinking). In the low latitudes, migration results regionally in a reduction of the shallow export by 2%–10% and an increase of the deep carbon export by 6%–15%. In our simulations, mesopelagic fish, with a biomass of 3–3.4 Gt wet weight, have a slightly larger impact on active carbon flux than migrating zooplankton.
Estimates of the Isotope Effect for Nitrate Assimilation in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Thomas R. K. , Fawcett S. E. , Forrer H. J. , Robinson C. M. , Knapp A. N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is a high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) region characterized by incomplete nitrate (NO3−) consumption by phytoplankton in surface waters. During this incomplete consumption, phytoplankton preferentially assimilate the 14N‐ versus the 15N‐bearing form of NO3−, quantified as the NO3− assimilation isotope effect (15ε). Previous summertime estimates of the 15ε from HNLC regions range from 4 to 11‰. While culture work has shown that the 15ε varies among phytoplankton species, as well as with light and iron stress, we lack a systematic understanding of how and why the 15ε varies in the field. Here we estimate the 15ε from water‐column profile and surface‐water samples collected in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean—the first leg of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (December 2016–January 2017) and the Crossroads transect (April 2016). Consistent with prior work in the mid‐to‐late summer Southern Ocean, we estimate a higher 15ε (8.9 ± 0.6‰) for the northern Subantarctic Zone and a lower 15ε (5.4 ± 0.9‰) at and south of the Subantarctic Front. We interpret our data in the context of coincident measurements of phytoplankton community composition and estimates of iron and light stress. Similar to prior work, we find a significant, negative relationship between the 15ε and the average mixed‐layer photosynthetically active radiation flux of 30–100 μmol m−2 s−1, while above 100 μmol m−2 s−1, 15ε increases again. In addition, while we observe no robust relationship of the 15ε to iron availability or phytoplankton community, mixed‐layer nitrification over the Kerguelen Plateau appears to strongly influence its magnitude.
Pole‐To‐Pole Ionospheric Disturbances Due To Solar Flares, During Low Solar Activity
Authors: Fagundes P. R. , Pillat V. G. , Tardelli A. , Muella M. T. A. H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere are growing concerns about the effect of solar flares on the ionosphere, mainly due to possible deterioration or damage to our communication and navigation satellite systems. On 3 July 2021, and 28 October 2021, there were solar flares (SFs) classified as X1.59 and X1.0, respectively. These two SFs were the only ones of X‐class that occurred during the last low solar activity (LSA:2018–2021). Data from magnetometers and Global Positioning System (GPS)—Total Electron Content (TEC) are used to investigate the spatial‐temporal electrodynamics of the ionosphere from pole‐to‐pole in the American sector. Employing ∆H and vertical TEC, along with the ROT (rate of change of VTEC) parameter. Rapidly ∆H disturbances closely follow the X‐ray variation and the ∆H valleys and peaks are well‐synchronized during the SFs, indicating that they are linked. Major disturbances in the ∆H are noticed in the mid‐low‐equatorial latitudes. However, minor disturbances were seen at high latitudes. Also, |ROT| is a good indicator of the electron density changes during the SFs, especially when the X‐ray intensity rises to the peak.
Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants upregulate VMAT2 activity and rescue disease-causing VMAT2 variants
Authors: Wang Xunan , Marmouzi Ilias , Finnie Peter S. B. , Bucher Meghan L. , Yan Yuanye , Williams Erin Q. , Støve Svein I. , Lipina Tatiana V. , Ramsey Amy J. , Miller Gary W. , Salahpour Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is an essential transporter that regulates brain monoamine transmission and is important for mood, cognition, motor activity, and stress regulation. However, VMAT2 remains underexplored as a pharmacological target. In this study, we report that tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants acutely inhibit, but persistently upregulate VMAT2 activity by promoting VMAT2 protein maturation. Importantly, the VMAT2 upregulation effect was greater in BE(2)-M17 cells that endogenously express VMAT2 as compared to a heterologous expression system (HEK293). The net sustained effect of tricyclics and tetracyclics is an upregulation of VMAT2 activity, despite their acute inhibitory effect. Furthermore, imipramine and mianserin, two representative compounds, also demonstrated rescue of nine VMAT2 variants that cause Brain Monoamine Vesicular Transport Disease (BMVTD). VMAT2 upregulation could be beneficial for disorders associated with reduced monoamine transmission, including mood disorders and BMVTD, a rare but often fatal condition caused by a lack of functional VMAT2. Our findings provide the first evidence that small molecules can upregulate VMAT2 and have potential therapeutic benefit for various neuropsychiatric conditions.
Prevalence of opioid misuse in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ako Tazha , Ørnskov Mark Puch , Lykke Camilla , Sjøgren Per , Kurita Geana Paula 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Long-term consequences of opioid consumption, such as misuse, have been a major concern in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Potentially opioid misuse may also be a consequence in patients with cancer in opioid treatment which encouraged us to undertake this systematic review assessing the frequency of opioid misuse in this population.

Materials/Methods
The search strategy comprised words related to cancer, opioid misuse, and frequency. PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cinahl were searched from inception to July 2023. Prospective studies were selected and analysed regarding frequency, study characteristics, and quality. A meta-analysis was possible to carry out for a sub-group (opioid misuse risk).

Results
From 585 abstracts screened, six articles were included. Only prevalence data were found. The prevalence of opioid misuse ranged from 5.7% to 84%, while the prevalence of opioid misuse risk varied from 2.4% to 35.4%. The pooled prevalence of opioid misuse risk was 12.3% (95% CI: 0.8–36.3; I2 = 98.4%, 95% CI: 97.2–99.1). The studies differed regarding, e.g., methods, misuse definitions, and assessment instruments.

Conclusions
Few studies were identified and large differences in prevalence for opioid misuse and opioid misuse risk were observed. Methodological disparities and the studies quality underscore the importance of improved studies in the future.
Thermoregulatory integration in hand prostheses and humanoid robots through blood vessel simulation
Authors: Jeong Sang-Mi , Yang Jonguk , Kang Youngsoo , Seo Hee Sung , Seo Keumyoung , Lim Taekyung , Ju Sanghyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach for generating robotic faces with a thermal signature similar to that of humans and equipping prosthetic or robotic hands with a lifelike temperature distribution. This approach enhances their detection via infrared cameras and promotes more natural interactions between humans and robots. This method integrates a temperature regulation system into artificial skin, drawing inspiration from the human body’s natural temperature control via blood flow. Central to this technique is a fiber network simulating blood vessels within the artificial skin. Water flows through these fibers under specific temperature and flow conditions, forming a controlled heat release system. The heat emission can be adjusted by changing the dilation of these fibers, primarily by modulating the frequency of circulation. Our findings indicate that this approach can replicate the varied thermal characteristics of different human faces and hand areas. Consequently, the robotic faces appear more human-like in infrared images, aiding their identification by infrared cameras. At the same time, the prosthetic hands achieve a more natural temperature, reducing the discomfort typically felt in direct contact with synthetic limbs. The aim of this study was to address the challenges faced by the users of prosthetic hands. The results from this study show a promising direction in humanoid robotics, fostering improved tactile interactions and redefining human–robot relationships. This innovative technique facilitates further advancements, blurring the lines between artificial aids and natural biological systems.
Differences in the corrective effects of vertical transposition accompanied by recession–resection of the horizontal rectus muscles for complicated vertical deviation
Authors: Nakao Shin-ya , Miyata Manabu , Yamamoto Akinari , Kawai Kentaro , Suda Kenji , Nakano Eri , Tagawa Miho , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background/objectives
To investigate whether the corrective effect differs between upward and downward transpositions or between exotropia and esotropia in vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession–resection.

Subjects/methods
This prospective study investigated 41 patients with concomitant exotropia or esotropia with small-angle vertical deviation who underwent unilateral vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession–resection and were followed up for 1 year postoperatively. We analysed the vertical deviation corrective effect, defined as the corrective amount per displacement distance (°/tendon width [TW]). We compared the corrective effects between upward and downward transpositions and between exotropia and esotropia. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between the corrective effect and the studied parameters.

Results
The 1-year vertical corrective effect was 5.2 ± 4.6° (9.0 ± 8.1 prism dioptres [Δ])/TW. The 1-year vertical corrective effect of upward transposition (7.9 ± 4.0° [13.8 ± 7.0Δ]/TW) was higher than that of the downward transposition (3.9 ± 4.4° [6.8 ± 7.7Δ]/TW, P = 0.009). In contrast, upward and downward transposition did not differ between exotropia and esotropia (P = 0.62). Multivariate analyses revealed that the 1-year vertical corrective effect correlated with the vertical transposition direction (upward or downward) and preoperative vertical deviation but did not correlate with the disease type (exotropia or esotropia). The 1-year motor success (vertical deviation ≤ 5Δ) rate was 89%.

Conclusion
The vertical corrective effect of vertical transposition accompanied by horizontal rectus muscle recession–resection is greater in upward transposition than in downward transposition; however, it does not differ between exotropia and esotropia.
Multiomics of parkinsonism cynomolgus monkeys highlights significance of metabolites in interaction between host and microbiota
Authors: Gao Jiang-Mei , Xia Shou-Yue , Hide Geoff , Li Bi-Hai , Liu Yi-Yan , Wei Zhi-Yuan , Zhuang Xiao-Ji , Yan Qing , Wang Yun , Yang Wei , Chen Jian-Huan , Rao Jun-Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, conflicting findings regarding specific microbial species have been reported, possibly due to confounding factors within human populations. Herein, our current study investigated the interaction between the gut microbiota and host in a non-human primate (NHP) PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) using a multi-omic approach and a self-controlled design. Our transcriptomic sequencing of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) identified key genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation, mitochondrial function regulation, neuroprotection activation, and neurogenesis associated with PD, such as IL1B, ATP1A3, and SLC5A3. The metabolomic profiles in serum and feces consistently exhibited significant alterations, particularly those closely associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD, such as TUDCA, ethylmalonic acid, and L-homophenylalanine. Furthermore, fecal metagenome analysis revealed gut dysbiosis associated with PD, characterized by a significant decrease in alpha diversity and altered commensals, particularly species such as Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio, and Clostridium. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between PD-associated microbes and metabolites, such as sphingomyelin and phospholipids. Importantly, PDPC significantly reduced in both PD monkey feces and serum, exhibiting strong correlation with PD-associated genes and microbes, such as SLC5A3 and Butyrivibrio species. Moreover, such multi-omic differential biomarkers were linked to the clinical rating scales of PD monkeys. Our findings provided novel insights into understanding the potential role of key metabolites in the host-microbiota interaction involved in PD pathogenesis.
Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer in BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers
Authors: Myers Sara P. , Sevilimedu Varadan , Barrio Andrea V. , Tadros Audree B. , Mamtani Anita , Robson Mark E. , Morrow Monica , Lee Minna K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers develop breast cancers with distinct pathological characteristics and mutational signatures that may result in differential response to chemotherapy. We compared rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) after NAC between BRCA1/2 variant carriers and noncarriers in a cohort of 1426 women (92 [6.5%] BRCA1 and 73 [5.1%] BRCA2) with clinical stage I–III breast cancer treated with NAC followed by surgery from 11/2013 to 01/2022 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. The majority received doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel therapy (93%); BRCA1/2 carriers were more likely to receive carboplatin (p < 0.001). Overall, pCR was achieved in 42% of BRCA1 carriers, 21% of BRCA2 carriers, and 26% of noncarriers (p = 0.001). Among clinically node-positive (cN+) patients, nodal pCR was more frequent in BRCA1/2 carriers compared to noncarriers (53/96 [55%] vs. 371/856 [43%], p = 0.015). This difference was seen in HR+/HER2− (36% vs. 20% of noncarriers; p = 0.027) and TN subtypes (79% vs. 45% of noncarriers; p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis of the overall cohort, BRCA1 status, and TN and HER2+ subtypes were independently associated with pCR. These data indicate that BRCA1 carriers may be more likely to achieve overall and nodal pCR in response to NAC compared with BRCA2 carriers and patients with sporadic disease. Further studies with a larger cohort of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are needed, as a small sample size may have a restricted ability to detect a significant association between mutational status and pCR in sensitivity analyses stratified by subtype and adjusted for clinically relevant factors.
Higher-order equivariant neural networks for charge density prediction in materials
Authors: Koker Teddy , Quigley Keegan , Taw Eric , Tibbetts Kevin , Li Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe calculation of electron density distribution using density functional theory (DFT) in materials and molecules is central to the study of their quantum and macro-scale properties, yet accurate and efficient calculation remains a long-standing challenge. We introduce ChargE3Net, an E(3)-equivariant graph neural network for predicting electron density in atomic systems. ChargE3Net enables the learning of higher-order equivariant features to achieve high predictive accuracy and model expressivity. We show that ChargE3Net exceeds the performance of prior work on diverse sets of molecules and materials. When trained on the massive dataset of over 100K materials in the Materials Project database, our model is able to capture the complexity and variability in the data, leading to a significant 26.7% reduction in self-consistent iterations when used to initialize DFT calculations on unseen materials. Furthermore, we show that non-self-consistent DFT calculations using our predicted charge densities yield near-DFT performance on electronic and thermodynamic property prediction at a fraction of the computational cost. Further analysis attributes the greater predictive accuracy to improved modeling of systems with high angular variations. These results illuminate a pathway towards a machine learning-accelerated ab initio calculations for materials discovery.