bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views on death with regard to end-of-life care preferences among cancer patients at a Japanese university hospital
Authors: Kuroda Yujiro , Iwamitsu Yumi , Miyashita Mitsunori , Hirai Kei , Kanai Yoshiaki , Kawakami Sachiko , Nakano Kimiko , Nakagawa Keiichi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:This study investigates the views on death among cancer patients in Japan and examines how these views are related to age, sex, and physical condition. We also investigate how these views are related to where patients would like to spend their final days and whether or not they would like to be told how long they have left to live.Method:We targeted 450 cancer patients receiving outpatient treatment in the radiology department at the University of Tokyo Hospital. We used the Death Attitudes Inventory (DAI) developed by Hirai to measure attitudes about death.Results:Of the 450 patients approached, we received responses from 310 (69% collection rate). The results of the t test and one-way ANOVA showed that, in terms of “death anxiety/fear,” the under-65 group (17.73 ± 6.69) scored significantly higher than the 65-and-over group (15.43 ± 7.69, t = 2.685, df = 280, p < 0.01); the group with KPS scores 70 or above (16.88 ± 7.21) scored higher than the group with KPS scores below 70 (12.73 ± 7.09, t = 2.168, df = 280, p = 0.03); and no significant difference was found for sex, metastasis, or treatment stage.Significance of results:Our results demonstrate that, although views on death among cancer patients may differ according to sex, age, and physical condition, taking these factors into account when understanding such views can be useful in predicting where patients may wish to spend their final days.
The feasibility and effectiveness of running mindfulness groups in an early intervention in psychosis service
Authors: Samson Carly , Mallindine Clare 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that mindfulness techniques can be used safely and effectively in the treatment of psychosis, but the potential benefits of these techniques for individuals during the early stages requires further exploration. This study investigated whether mindfulness training in a group setting is associated with a reduction in distress and an improvement in mindfulness skills for people who have psychotic experiences. Data are reported from eight participants who completed measures before and after attending a mindfulness group. There was a reduction in CORE and DASS scores and an increase in mindfulness skills following participation in the group. These findings suggest that mindfulness training can be beneficial for reducing distress and negative emotional states associated with early psychotic experiences during the critical period.
Lerntherapie geht in die Schule
Authors: Ricken Gabi 
Published: July 2014

Eine gute Förderung aller Kinder ist nicht erst seit der Inklusionsidee eine der zentralen Aufgaben in der Schule. Alle Erfahrungen zeigen allerdings große Unterschiede zwischen Schulen in der Realisierung. Die Notwendigkeit nach der Unterzeichnung der UN-Konvention, Schule nun für Kinder so zu öffnen, dass sich alle Kinder unter diesen Bedingungen bestens hinsichtlich ihrer kognitiven, sozialen und motivationalen Kompetenzen entwickeln, fokussiert die Aufmerksamkeit gegenwärtig auf diesen fundamentalen Aspekt.Es ist unstrittig, dass eine Arbeit mit Kindern mit sehr unterschiedlichen Lernbedingungen Ressourcen braucht, um Barrieren für ein gemeinsames Lernen abzuschaffen oder zu minimieren. Vage sind allerdings noch die Vorstellungen, wie über strukturelle hinaus, auch inhaltlich gut wirksame Bedingungen herzustellen sind.Vor dieser Offenheit soll hier die Frage gestellt und mit ersten Ideen behandelt werden, ob und wie Lerntherapie im Gesamtförderkonzept von Schulen eine Rolle spielen könnte und vorhandene Ressourcen eingebunden werden sollten.
Die Sprache als Instrument im lerntherapeutischen Prozess
Authors: Gührs Lilo , Widmann Margit 
Published: July 2014

Integrative Lerntherapie ist die Hilfeform für Kinder, Jugendliche und selten auch Erwachsene, die besondere Schwierigkeiten haben, lesen, schreiben und/oder rechnen zu lernen. Der oft erhebliche Rückstand gegenüber der Altersgruppe trotz großen Lernaufwandes erschüttert mehr und mehr das Zutrauen dieser Kinder und Jugendlichen in die eigene Lernfähigkeit. Dies kann über den betroffenen Bereich hinaus bis hin zu erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen ihrer sozialen Integration und psychischen Stabilität führen. Auch außerhalb des schulischen Rahmens werden die betroffenen jungen Menschen in ihrem Alltag ständig mit ihren Erschwernissen konfrontiert, da es sich um Kulturtechniken handelt, deren Beherrschung in der Alltagsbewältigung und -gestaltung eine fundamentale Rolle spielt. Die Lerntherapie hat deshalb das Ziel, die seelische Gesundheit des Kindes oder Jugendlichen wieder herzustellen und zugleich Lernfortschritte in den betroffenen Kulturtechniken zu ermöglichen. Beratung und Begleitung des beteiligten Umfeldes, in der Regel Eltern, Lehrer und Lehrerinnen, gehören zu den Aufgabenbereichen der Lerntherapie, werden hier aber nicht im Zentrum stehen. Mit den folgenden Überlegungen wollen wir darstellen, wie in der konkreten fachbezogenen Arbeit an einem oft negativ besetzten Bereich eine Veränderung der von den leidvollen Erfahrungen geprägten Sicht unterstützt werden kann. Wir werden sprachliche Angebote darstellen, die sich an die Persönlichkeit des Kindes richten. Die Kinder sollen ihre vorhandenen Kompetenzen wahrnehmen und ihre negativen Bewertungen allmählich verändern. Mit sorgfältiger sprachlicher Begleitung gestalten wir den Lernprozess so, dass Kinder zu Entdeckern werden und durch lautes Denken ihr Wissen begleiten und neu sortieren. Neben Darlegungen und Beispielen zu unserem Vorgehen werden wir abschließend zeigen, wie Metaphern und Analogien diesen Prozess beim Kind bereichern können.
Verhütungsverhalten Jugendlicher in Deutschland
Authors: Wendt Eva-Verena , Walper Sabine 
Published: July 2014

Obwohl das Verhütungsverhalten Jugendlicher in Deutschland insgesamt als relativ gut zu bewerten ist, gibt es nach wie vor Risikogruppen, welchen ein konsequentes Verhütungsverhalten misslingt. Dieser Beitrag stellt erste Befunde aus dem Beziehungs- und Familienpanel pairfam zum Verhütungsverhalten sexuell aktiver, heterosexueller Jugendlicher anhand einer Stichprobe von 1137 16- bis 18-Jährigen vor, von welchen 95.2 % in den vergangenen 3 Monaten Empfängnisverhütung betrieben haben. Die Daten zeigen, dass Jugendliche mit frühem ersten GV, sexueller Aktivität ohne Partnerschaft und einer Bildung auf maximal Hauptschulniveau zu einem geringeren Anteil verhüteten. Nur 63.4 % der sexuell aktiven Jugendlichen verhüteten eigenen Angaben nach „sehr konsequent”, wobei Jugendliche mit aktuell bestehender Partnerschaft gewissenhafter verhüteten als Jugendliche ohne Partnerschaft. 98.2 % der Jugendlichen verhüteten mit Kondom und/oder Pille. Jugendliche ohne feste Partnerschaft und Jugendliche mit einer Bildung auf maximal Hauptschulniveau nutzten häufiger Kondome, Jugendliche mit aktuell bestehender Partnerschaft häufiger die Pille. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen insgesamt die bisherige Befundlage zu den besonderen Risikolagen früh sexuell aktiver und bildungsbezogen benachteiligter Jugendlicher sowie Jugendlicher mit sexueller Aktivität außerhalb fester Partnerschaften, und werfen abermals die Frage nach zielgruppenorientierten Präventionsprogrammen auf.
Early colonizing Esche richia coli elicits remodeling of rat colonic epithelium shifting toward a new homeostatic state
Authors: Tomas Julie , Reygner Julie , Mayeur Camille , Ducroc Robert , Bouet Stephan , Bridonneau Chantal , Cavin Jean-Baptiste , Thomas Muriel , Langella Philippe , Cherbuy Claire 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We investigated the effects of early colonizing bacteria on the colonic epithelium. We isolated dominant bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus intestinalis, Clostridium innocuum and a novel Fusobacterium spp., from the intestinal contents of conventional suckling rats and transferred them in different combinations into germfree (GF) adult rats. Animals were investigated after various times up to 21 days. Proliferative cell markers (Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, phospho-histone H3, cyclin A) were higher in rats monocolonized with E. coli than in GF at all time points, but not in rats monocolonized with E. faecalis. The mucin content of goblet cells declined shortly after E. coli administration whereas the mucus layer doubled in thickness. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that E. coli resides in this mucus layer. The epithelial mucin content progressively returned to baseline, following an increase in KLF4 and in the cell cycle arrest-related proteins p21CIP1 and p27KIP1. Markers of colonic differentiated cells involved in electrolyte (carbonic anhydrase II and slc26A3) and water (aquaglyceroporin3 (aqp3)) transport, and secretory responses to carbachol were modulated after E. coli inoculation suggesting that ion transport dynamics were also affected. The colonic responses to simplified microbiotas differed substantially according to whether or not E. coli was combined with the other four bacteria. Thus, proliferation markers increased substantially when E. coli was in the mix, but very much less when it was absent. This work demonstrates that a pioneer strain of E. coli elicits sequential epithelial remodeling affecting the structure, mucus layer and ionic movements and suggests this can result in a microbiota-compliant state.
Interpreting 16S metagenomic data without clustering to achieve sub-OTU resolution
Authors: Tikhonov Mikhail , Leach Robert W , Wingreen Ned S 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The standard approach to analyzing 16S tag sequence data, which relies on clustering reads by sequence similarity into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), underexploits the accuracy of modern sequencing technology. We present a clustering-free approach to multi-sample Illumina data sets that can identify independent bacterial subpopulations regardless of the similarity of their 16S tag sequences. Using published data from a longitudinal time-series study of human tongue microbiota, we are able to resolve within standard 97% similarity OTUs up to 20 distinct subpopulations, all ecologically distinct but with 16S tags differing by as little as one nucleotide (99.2% similarity). A comparative analysis of oral communities of two cohabiting individuals reveals that most such subpopulations are shared between the two communities at 100% sequence identity, and that dynamical similarity between subpopulations in one host is strongly predictive of dynamical similarity between the same subpopulations in the other host. Our method can also be applied to samples collected in cross-sectional studies and can be used with the 454 sequencing platform. We discuss how the sub-OTU resolution of our approach can provide new insight into factors shaping community assembly.
Microbial dormancy improves development and experimental validation of ecosystem model
Authors: Wang Gangsheng , Jagadamma Sindhu , Mayes Melanie A , Schadt Christopher W , Megan Steinweg J , Gu Lianhong , Post Wilfred M 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Climate feedbacks from soils can result from environmental change followed by response of plant and microbial communities, and/or associated changes in nutrient cycling. Explicit consideration of microbial life-history traits and functions may be necessary to predict climate feedbacks owing to changes in the physiology and community composition of microbes and their associated effect on carbon cycling. Here we developed the microbial enzyme-mediated decomposition (MEND) model by incorporating microbial dormancy and the ability to track multiple isotopes of carbon. We tested two versions of MEND, that is, MEND with dormancy (MEND) and MEND without dormancy (MEND_wod), against long-term (270 days) carbon decomposition data from laboratory incubations of four soils with isotopically labeled substrates. MEND_wod adequately fitted multiple observations (total C–CO2 and 14C–CO2 respiration, and dissolved organic carbon), but at the cost of significantly underestimating the total microbial biomass. MEND improved estimates of microbial biomass by 20–71% over MEND_wod. We also quantified uncertainties in parameters and model simulations using the Critical Objective Function Index method, which is based on a global stochastic optimization algorithm, as well as model complexity and observational data availability. Together our model extrapolations of the incubation study show that long-term soil incubations with experimental data for multiple carbon pools are conducive to estimate both decomposition and microbial parameters. These efforts should provide essential support to future field- and global-scale simulations, and enable more confident predictions of feedbacks between environmental change and carbon cycling.
Astrocyte response to motor neuron injury promotes structural synaptic plasticity via STAT3-regulated TSP-1 expression
Authors: Tyzack Giulia E. , Sitnikov Sergey , Barson Daniel , Adams-Carr Kerala L. , Lau Nike K. , Kwok Jessica C. , Zhao Chao , Franklin Robin J. M. , Karadottir Ragnhildur T. , Fawcett James W. , Lakatos András 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe role of remote astrocyte (AC) reaction to central or peripheral axonal insult is not clearly understood. Here we use a transgenic approach to compare the direct influence of normal with diminished AC reactivity on neuronal integrity and synapse recovery following extracranial facial nerve transection in mice. Our model allows straightforward interpretations of AC–neuron signalling by reducing confounding effects imposed by inflammatory cells. We show direct evidence that perineuronal reactive ACs play a major role in maintaining neuronal circuitry following distant axotomy. We reveal a novel function of astrocytic signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). STAT3 regulates perineuronal astrocytic process formation and re-expression of a synaptogenic molecule, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), apart from supporting neuronal integrity. We demonstrate that, through this new pathway, TSP-1 is responsible for the remote AC-mediated recovery of excitatory synapses onto axotomized motor neurons in adult mice. These data provide new targets for neuroprotective therapies via optimizing AC-driven plasticity.
High energy density rechargeable magnesium battery using earth-abundant and non-toxic elements
Authors: Orikasa Yuki , Masese Titus , Koyama Yukinori , Mori Takuya , Hattori Masashi , Yamamoto Kentaro , Okado Tetsuya , Huang Zhen-Dong , Minato Taketoshi , Tassel Cédric , Kim Jungeun , Kobayashi Yoji , Abe Takeshi , Kageyama Hiroshi , Uchimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries are poised to be viable candidates for large-scale energy storage devices in smart grid communities and electric vehicles. However, the energy density of previously proposed rechargeable magnesium batteries is low, limited mainly by the cathode materials. Here, we present new design approaches for the cathode in order to realize a high-energy-density rechargeable magnesium battery system. Ion-exchanged MgFeSiO4 demonstrates a high reversible capacity exceeding 300 mAh·g−1 at a voltage of approximately 2.4 V vs. Mg. Further, the electronic and crystal structure of ion-exchanged MgFeSiO4 changes during the charging and discharging processes, which demonstrates the (de)insertion of magnesium in the host structure. The combination of ion-exchanged MgFeSiO4 with a magnesium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide–triglyme electrolyte system proposed in this work provides a low-cost and practical rechargeable magnesium battery with high energy density, free from corrosion and safety problems.
Direct Comparison of Three Commercially Available Devices for Voice Ambulatory Monitoring and Biofeedback
Authors: Van Stan Jarrad H. , Gustafsson Joakim , Schalling Ellika , Hillman Robert E. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose: To provide a direct comparison of three commercially available devices for voice ambulatory monitoring and biofeedback to assist voice clinicians and researchers in choosing the device that best meets their needs.
Methods: The Ambulatory Phonation Monitor (APM), VocaLog, and VoxLog were descriptively compared regarding cost, availability, physical characteristics, and operational features; and quantitatively compared regarding measures of loudness (dB sound pressure level [SPL]), pitch (fundamental frequency – F0), and phonation time. The quantitative comparison used simultaneous registrations acquired during a 90-minute lecture which also included a Smartphone-based system designed to capture the raw voice signal as a reference.
Results: Differences regarding cost, physical characteristics, and operational features could influence device choice. All three devices register SPL and phonation time, and also biofeedback based on SPL. Furthermore, the APM and VoxLog provide monitoring and biofeedback for F0 with the associated capability of providing additional measures related to vocal dose. All devices produced comparable results for common measures, except for the overestimation of phonation time by the VocaLog.
Conclusions: The cost, operational features, and performance characteristics of the three commercially available devices for voice ambulatory monitoring and biofeedback differ in ways that can significantly impact decisions about which one is best suited for a particular application.
National Trends in Outpatient Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Spine Disease
Authors: Baird Evan O. , Egorova Natalia N. , McAnany Steven J. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Hecht Andrew C. , Cho Samuel K. 
Published: July 2014

Study Design Retrospective population-based observational study. Objective To assess the growth of cervical spine surgery performed in an outpatient setting. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using the United States Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient and Ambulatory Surgery Databases for California, New York, Florida, and Maryland from 2005 to 2009. Current Procedural Terminology, fourth revision (CPT-4) and International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify operations for degenerative cervical spine diseases in adults (age > 20 years). Disposition and complication rates were examined. Results There was an increase in cervical spine surgeries performed in an ambulatory setting during the study period. Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion accounted for 68% of outpatient procedures; posterior decompression made up 21%. Younger patients predominantly underwent anterior fusion procedures, and patients in the eighth and ninth decades of life had more posterior decompressions. Charlson comorbidity index and complication rates were substantially lower for ambulatory cases when compared with inpatients. The majority (>99%) of patients were discharged home following ambulatory surgery. Conclusions Recently, the number of cervical spine surgeries has increased in general, and more of these procedures are being performed in an ambulatory setting. The majority (>99%) of patients are discharged home but the nature of analyzing administrative data limits accurate assessment of postoperative complications and thus patient safety. This increase in outpatient cervical spine surgery necessitates further discussion of its safety.
EBV microRNA BART 18-5p targets MAP3K2 to facilitate persistence in vivo by inhibiting viral replication in B cells
Authors: Qiu Jin , Thorley-Lawson David A. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
EBV is a human herpesvirus that is associated with several forms of cancer. It can transform B lymphocytes into proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines yet establishes a benign lifetime latent infection in resting memory B cells in virtually all human beings. EBV encodes for ∼40 micro-RNAs, small RNAs that modulate the activity of cellular genes. A subset of these is highly expressed in latently infected memory B cells in vivo. Here, we show that one of them, 18-5p, suppresses the expression of MAP kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2). We further show that MAP3K2, a central molecule in many cellular signaling pathways, mediates the signals that initiate viral replication. Thus, 18-5p favors latency in vivo by suppressing viral replication through reduction of MAP3K2.
Agricultural adaptation to climate change: new approaches to knowledge and learning.
Authors: Ingram J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

This chapter focuses on knowledge needs for farm-level agricultural adaptation. Although there is a large literature exploring the many dimensions of, and barriers to, climate change adaptation, there has been little analysis of knowledge requirements for agricultural adaptation. This chapter therefore draws on relevant work in areas such as extension and innovation science and farmer decision making and behavioural research in the wider context of sustainable agriculture and rural development. Further, the chapter emphasizes individual adaptations at the farm level but places the discussion within the wider context of agricultural knowledge and innovation systems where potentially planned adaptations can occur.
Considerations for protein intake in managing weight loss in athletes
Authors: Murphy Caoileann H. , Hector Amy J. , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA large body of evidence now shows that higher protein intakes (2–3 times the protein Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g/kg/d) during periods of energy restriction can enhance fat‐free mass (FFM) preservation, particularly when combined with exercise. The mechanisms underpinning the FFM‐sparing effect of higher protein diets remain to be fully elucidated but may relate to the maintenance of the anabolic sensitivity of skeletal muscle to protein ingestion. From a practical point of view, athletes aiming to reduce fat mass and preserve FFM should be advised to consume protein intakes in the range of ∼1.8–2.7 g kg−1 d−1 (or ∼2.3–3.1 g kg−1 FFM) in combination with a moderate energy deficit (−500 kcal) and the performance of some form of resistance exercise. The target level of protein intake within this recommended range requires consideration of a number of case‐specific factors including the athlete's body composition, habitual protein intake and broader nutrition goals. Athletes should focus on consuming high‐quality protein sources, aiming to consume protein feedings evenly spaced throughout the day. Post‐exercise consumption of 0.25–0.3 g protein meal−1 from protein sources with high leucine content and rapid digestion kinetics (i.e. whey protein) is recommended to optimise exercise‐induced muscle protein synthesis. When protein is consumed as part of a mixed macronutrient meal and/or before bed slightly higher protein doses may be optimal.