bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effect of fluoride, essential oil and chlorhexidine mouth rinses on dental plaque and gingivitis in patients with and without dental caries: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Charugundla BR , Anjum S , Mocherla M 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of fluoride, essential oil (EO) and chlorhexidine (CHX)‐containing mouth rinses on dental plaque and gingivitis and to compare their relative efficacy in patients with and without dental caries.Material and methodsA randomized, controlled, double‐ blind, crossover clinical trial was conducted for a period of 8 weeks. Thiry‐six qualifying subjects, aged 12–44 years, were included in the study. Subjects were divided into caries and caries‐free groups and were randomly assigned to one of the following mouth rinse groups: fluoride; EO; CHX and saline as negative control. Subjects used their respective mouth rinse for a period of 7‐days each with 1‐week wash‐out periods. Primary efficacy variables were Quigley–Hein plaque index (PI) and Loe and Silness gingival index.ResultsFluoride and CHX mouth rinses showed significant reduction in plaque after use of mouth rinses (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed with respect to each other in reducing gingivitis (P > 0.05). Further significant differences were found in reducing plaque and gingivitis in caries‐free subjects in comparison to those with caries (P < 0.05).ConclusionAll the three mouth rinses significantly reduced plaque accumulation and gingivitis especially in caries‐free subjects in comparison to those with caries, and amongst the three, fluoride and CHX proved to be more effective than EO mouth rinse.
IL‐17 stimulates the production of the inflammatory chemokines IL‐6 and IL‐8 in human dental pulp fibroblasts
Authors: Xiong H. , Wei L. , Peng B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate IL‐17 expression in human pulpitis and to study the effects of IL‐17 on the secretion of the chemokines IL‐6 and IL‐8 and the related signalling pathways.MethodologySamples of human dental pulp tissue were obtained from healthy controls and patients with pulpitis. Cytokine IL‐17 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the pulp tissue was detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs) were stimulated with IL‐17. Production of IL‐6 and IL‐8 was determined by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Aspects of the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathways were examined by Western blot analysis.ResultIncreased levels of IL‐17 mRNA were found in inflamed dental pulp tissue (pulpitis). Stimulation of dental pulp tissue with IL‐17 induced the production of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, IL‐17 stimulation resulted in rapid activation of nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB), phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in HDPFs.ConclusionIL‐17 may participate in pulp tissue inflammation through chemokine production and NF‐κB and MAPKs signalling pathways.
The effect of haptens on protein‐carrier immunogenicity
Authors: Gefen Tal , Vaya Jacob , Khatib Soliman , Rapoport Irena , Lupo Meital , Barnea Eilon , Admon Arie , Heller Elimelech Dan , Aizenshtein Elina , Pitcovski Jacob 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe immune response against hapten is T‐cell‐dependent, and so requires the uptake, processing and presentation of peptides on MHC class II molecules by antigen‐presenting cells to the specific T cell. Some haptens, following conjugation to the available free amines on the surface of the carrier protein, can reduce its immunogenicity. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which this occurs. Four proteins were tested as carriers and six molecules were used as haptens. The immune response to the carrier proteins was reduced > 100‐fold by some of the haptens (termed carrier immunogenicity reducing haptens – CIRH), whereas other haptens did not influence the protein immunogenicity (carrier immunogenicity non‐reducing haptens – nCIRH). Conjugation of the protein to a CIRH affected protein degradation by lysosomal cathepsins, leading to the generation of peptides that differ in length and sequence from those derived from the same native protein or that protein modified with nCIRH. Injection of CIRH‐conjugated protein into mice induced an increase in the population of regulatory T cells. The results of this study provide a putative mechanism of action for the reduction of immune response to haptenated proteins.
Retrospective Comparison of Gastrosplenic Entrapment of the Small Intestine to Other Strangulating Small Intestinal Lesions in Adult Horses
Authors: Bergren Amanda L. , Credille Brent C. , Epstein Kira L. , Giguère Steeve 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo compare clinical data of horses with entrapment of the small intestine by the gastrosplenic ligament (ESIGL) to clinical data of horses with other strangulating small intestinal lesions.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsMedical records (January 2001–December 2011) of horses that had exploratory celiotomy for acute abdominal pain associated with strangulating small intestinal lesions were reviewed. Signalment, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic variables, surgical findings and surgical procedures performed, postoperative data and short‐term survival were recorded.ResultsClinical findings included excessive nasogastric reflux and abnormal abdominal fluid. Horses with ESIGL were significantly more likely to require intestinal resection and anastomosis and produced significantly less reflux postoperatively than horses with other strangulating small intestinal obstructions. Geldings were significantly more likely to develop ESIGL than mares or stallions. Quarter Horse or Quarter Horse type breeds were predisposed to ESIGL. Survival to hospital discharge in horses with ESIGL (16/22; 72.7%) was significantly higher than that of horses with other strangulating small intestinal obstructions (92/183; 50%).ConclusionsESIGL was more prevalent in this population of horses evaluated for acute abdominal pain than in previous studies, accounting for 10.7% of all horses with strangulating small intestinal lesions. Geldings and Quarter Horse or Quarter Horse related breeds are predisposed to this condition. The prognosis for survival to hospital discharge was fair to good.
Identification, Management and Outcome of Postoperative Hemoperitoneum in 23 Horses After Emergency Exploratory Celiotomy for Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Gray Sarah N. , Dechant Julie E. , LeJeune Sarah S. , Nieto Jorge E. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate postoperative hemoperitoneum in a population of horses that had surgery for colic.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsHorses (n = 23).MethodsPreoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative information was obtained from medical records (1985–2012) of horses with postoperative hemoperitoneum after emergency exploratory celiotomy. Pre‐existing hemoperitoneum during surgery and nonsurgical hemoperitoneum were excluded.ResultsOf 4520 horses that had emergency exploratory celiotomy for gastrointestinal disease, 23 horses met inclusion criteria; an incidence of 0.5%. Horse signalment approximated the colic population, although Thoroughbreds were significantly overrepresented. Hemoperitoneum was significantly associated with intestinal resection. Postoperative hemoperitoneum was recognized a mean (±SD) of 1.0 ± 0.7 days after surgery and associated with tachycardia, decreasing hematocrit, incisional drainage, or ultrasonographic identification of swirling, echogenic abdominal fluid. Primary treatments included intravenous fluid therapy (n = 23), colloid support (20), blood transfusion (13), and antifibrinolytic agents (11). Fifteen horses (65%) survived to discharge, which was associated with admission lactate and days of hospitalization.ConclusionsPostoperative hemoperitoneum is a rare complication of exploratory celiotomy in horses that should be considered when there are signs of abdominal discomfort and declining hematocrit in the early postoperative period. Prognosis is guarded because of potential sequelae of septic peritonitis and adhesion formation.
Mechanical Comparison of Loop and Crimp Configurations for Extracapsular Stabilization of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament‐Deficient Stifle
Authors: Aisa Josep , Calvo Ignacio , Buckley Conor T. , Kirby Barbara M. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo biomechanically compare different loop and crimp configurations used for extracapsular suture stabilization of the CCL‐deficient stifle.Study DesignIn vitrostudy.Sample PopulationCrimped loop constructs of 100 lb Ande type nylon leader line in 7 different configurations comprising single and double loops, single and double crimps, and the interlocking loop configuration.MethodsConstructs premade on external skeletal fixator bars 60 mm apart and tested in tension with a custom‐made split circular arm mounted on a table‐top materials testing machine. Data were derived from force/displacement plots. In “load to failure” test (10/group) constructs were loaded to failure with distraction rates of 10 mm/min; ultimate load, tension at 2 mm elongation and failure were recorded. In “staircase” test (5/group) constructs cycled at 100 N/s from 75 N with incremental increases of 50 N/cycle; ultimate load, maximum tension before elongation at rest over 2 mm and failure were recorded. In “cycling and jumping” test (10/group) 3 of 7 constructs cycled at 100 N/s 100 times from 50 to 100 N, then 5 times from 50 to 600 N; failure and elongation at cycles 1, 50 and 100 and at jumps 1 to 5 recorded.ResultsDouble‐loop double‐crimp configurations were statistically superior to all other configurations in ultimate load, and to single‐loop and interlocking loop configurations in elongation in “load to failure” and “staircase” tests. In “cycling and jumping” test the interlocking loop configuration specimens elongated significantly more than the others and only in the double‐loop double‐crimp group did all constructs complete the test.ConclusionsDouble‐loop double‐crimp configurations are mechanically superior to other previously described configurations.
Characterisation of a Natural Quartz Crystal as a Reference Material for Microanalytical Determination of Ti, Al, Li, Fe, Mn, Ga and Ge
Authors: Audétat Andreas , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter , Kronz Andreas , Pettke Thomas , Rusk Brian , Donovan John J. , Lowers Heather A. 
Published: July 2014

A natural smoky quartz crystal from Shandong province, China, was characterised by laser ablation ICP‐MS, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and solution ICP‐MS to determine the concentration of twenty‐four trace and ultra trace elements. Our main focus was on Ti quantification because of the increased use of this element for titanium‐in‐quartz (TitaniQ) thermobarometry. Pieces of a uniform growth zone of 9 mm thickness within the quartz crystal were analysed in four different LA‐ICP‐MS laboratories, three EPMA laboratories and one solution‐ICP‐MS laboratory. The results reveal reproducible concentrations of Ti (57 ± 4 μg g−1), Al (154 ± 15 μg g−1), Li (30 ± 2 μg g−1), Fe (2.2 ± 0.3 μg g−1), Mn (0.34 ± 0.04 μg g−1), Ge (1.7 ± 0.2 μg g−1) and Ga (0.020 ± 0.002 μg g−1) and detectable, but less reproducible, concentrations of Be, B, Na, Cu, Zr, Sn and Pb. Concentrations of K, Ca, Sr, Mo, Ag, Sb, Ba and Au were below the limits of detection of all three techniques. The uncertainties on the average concentration determinations by multiple techniques and laboratories for Ti, Al, Li, Fe, Mn, Ga and Ge are low; hence, this quartz can serve as a reference material or a secondary reference material for microanalytical applications involving the quantification of trace elements in quartz.
Community reintegration of stroke survivors: the effect of a community navigation intervention
Authors: Montgomery Phyllis , Jermyn Darren , Bailey Patricia , Nangia Parveen , Egan Mary , Mossey Sharolyn 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimThe overall aim of the proposed study is to examine a newly implemented navigation intervention intended to support stroke survivors' community integration during the first year following hospital discharge in four regions of Ontario, Canada.BackgroundStroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Stroke survivors living in the community require regular, ongoing follow‐up to assess recovery, prevent deterioration and maximize health outcomes. Internationally published evidence, often conducted in large urban centres, suggests that community reintegration services are an important component of the continuum of care for stroke survivors. This evidence, however, often does not address the particular challenges inherent in smaller urban and rural contexts.DesignThe design of this 2‐year mixed‐method study will use cohort and focused ethnography.MethodsThe three stages of this study include: (1) collection of quantitative data to profile the health status, support and extent of community reintegration of stroke survivors; (2) collection of qualitative data from stroke survivors and their care partners about community reintegration and navigation; and following triangulation of findings (3) knowledge translation activities. This study was ethically approved by the academic Research Ethics Board and clinical Research Ethics Board (Sudbury, Ontario) and funded by the Ontario Stroke Network (Canada).DiscussionResults will describe experiences and outcomes of a community navigation intervention. Engagement of multiple stakeholders has the potential to develop a shared understanding of community reintegration and generate evidence informed recommendations for service enhancement at critical points in stroke recovery to support survivor and community well‐being.
Working with older people with multiple long‐term conditions: a qualitative exploration of nurses' experiences
Authors: Waterworth Susan , Gott Merryn , Raphael Deborah , Parsons John , Arroll Bruce 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAims(1) to generate in‐depth insights into how nurses are working with older people with multiple long term conditions; (2) to gain an understanding of how nurses perceive professional patient navigation; and (3) to explore the barriers and facilitators to nurses adopting a navigation role in the context of Primary Health Care practice.BackgroundInternationally, Primary Health Care has been identified as the main navigation point for older people with multiple long term conditions. Navigation models have been developed in cancer care but there is a lack of research in the context of Primary Care. There is also little evidence about the extent to which current work patterns of nurses providing care for this patient group fit with professional patient navigation models.DesignA descriptive exploratory qualitative study.MethodsSemi‐structured audio recorded telephone interviews were conducted in 2012 with nurses in New Zealand who were working with older people with multiple long term conditions (n = 42) Interviews were transcribed verbatim and entered into Nvivo 9 for thematic analysis.FindingsThe key themes represent patterns of nursing work as; system work, relationship work and patient work. While nurses lacked a coherent understanding of patient navigation as a concept, the way they worked had some elements in common with professional navigation models.ConclusionFurther research involving older people in co‐designing patient navigation approaches in Primary Health Care is needed to inform these types of service development and translate action from existing health policy.
Phylogeographical analysis of two cold‐tolerant plants with disjunct Lusitanian distributions does not support in situ survival during the last glaciation
Authors: Beatty Gemma E. , Provan Jim 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimWe used a combination of modelling and genetic approaches to investigate whether Pinguicula grandiflora and Saxifraga spathularis, two species that exhibit disjunct Lusitanian distributions, may have persisted through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, c. 21 ka) in separate northern and southern refugia.LocationNorthern and eastern Spain and south‐western Ireland.MethodsPalaeodistribution modelling using Maxent was used to identify putative refugial areas for both species at the LGM, as well as to estimate their distributions during the Last Interglacial (LIG, c. 120 ka). Phylogeographical analysis of samples from across both species' ranges was carried out using one chloroplast and three nuclear loci for each species.ResultsThe palaeodistribution models identified very limited suitable habitat for either species during the LIG, followed by expansion during the LGM. A single, large refugium across northern Spain and southern France was postulated for P. grandiflora. Two suitable regions were identified for S. spathularis: one in northern Spain, corresponding to the eastern part of the species' present‐day distribution in Iberia, and the other on the continental shelf off the west coast of Brittany, south of the limit of the British–Irish ice sheet. Phylogeographical analyses indicated extremely reduced levels of genetic diversity in Irish populations of P. grandiflora relative to those in mainland Europe, but comparable levels of diversity between Irish and mainland European populations of S. spathularis, including the occurrence of private hapotypes in both regions.Main conclusionsModelling and phylogeographical analyses indicate that P. grandiflora persisted through the LGM in a southern refugium, and achieved its current Irish distribution via northward dispersal after the retreat of the ice sheets. Although the results for S. spathularis are more equivocal, a similar recolonization scenario also seems the most likely explanation for the species' current distribution.
Fire history and its relations with land use and climate over three centuries in the central Appalachian Mountains, USA
Authors: Aldrich Serena R. , Lafon Charles W. , Grissino‐Mayer Henri D. , DeWeese Georgina G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimOur aims were to: (1) reconstruct the fire history of pine–oak forests in the central Appalachian Mountains, USA, with an annual resolution over as long a time period as possible using dendroecological techniques; (2) estimate the frequency of fire in the study area before the fire‐suppression era; and (3) investigate how variations in land use and climate have affected the occurrence of fire in the study area.LocationTemperate forests at three study sites within the central Appalachian Mountains, Virginia, USA.MethodsCross‐sections were taken (sawn) from fire‐scarred pine (Pinus L.) trees growing in pine‐dominated patches within a hardwood forest matrix. Dendroecological techniques were used to date the scars, which were used to calculate fire intervals. A variety of analyses were carried out: Pearson correlation analysis, to investigate whether fire activity varied over time (under changing land uses); Kruskal–Wallis analysis, to examine whether fire frequency varied spatially (among study sites); chi‐square analysis, to test whether scar seasonality changed temporally; and superposed epoch analysis, to explore whether fire activity was associated with interannual climatic variations in moisture, as characterized by the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI).ResultsFire scars dated back to the 17th or early 18th century (depending on site). The filtered composite fire interval, considered to be a particularly reliable estimate of fire interval, averaged between 6 and 8 years. Fire frequency remained fairly constant from the beginning of the record until effective fire suppression began in the early 20th century, after which burning virtually ceased. Fire occurred more frequently at the easternmost site, which was located in the Blue Ridge province of the Appalachian Mountains, than at the other two sites, in the Ridge and Valley province. Scar seasonality showed no discernible trend over time. Fire was associated with low PDSI (i.e. dry years) at two of the study sites.Main conclusionsFire occurred frequently at these central Appalachian study sites during the period of aboriginal depopulation that preceded European colonization, and throughout the periods of European settlement and industrialization (with mining, logging and railroads) that followed. Our results match those from other fire‐history sites in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, and suggest that fire was an important factor influencing vegetation development in the temperate forests covering this region.
Choosing the right journal for your systematic review
Authors: Betini Marluci , Volpato Enilze S. N. , Anastácio Guilherme D. J. , de Faria Renata T. B. G. , El Dib Regina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe importance of systematic reviews (SRs) as an aid to decision making in health care has led to an increasing interest in the development of this type of study. When selecting a target journal for publication, authors generally seek out higher impact factor journals. This study aimed to determine the percentage of scientific medical journals that publish SRs according to their impact factors (>2.63) and to determine whether those journals require tools that aim to improve SR reporting and meta‐analyses.MethodsIn our cross‐sectional study showing how to choose the right journal for a SR, we selected and analysed scientific journals available in a digital library with a minimum Institute for Scientific Information impact factor of 2.63.ResultsWe analysed 622 scientific journals, 435 (69.94%) of which publish SRs. Of those 435 journals, 135 (21.60%) provide instructions for authors that mention SRs. Three hundred journals (48.34%) do not discuss criteria for article acceptance in the instructions for authors section, but do publish SRs. Only 118 (27.00%) scientific journals require items to be reported in accordance with the specific SR reporting forms.ConclusionsThe majority of the journals do not mention the acceptance of SRs in the instructions for authors section. Only a few journals require that SRs meet specific reporting guidelines, making interpretation of their findings across studies challenging. There is no correlation between the impact factor of the journal and its acceptance of SRs for publication.