bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between target motion and the dosimetric variance of breast and organ at risk during whole breast radiotherapy using 4DCT
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Jian Bin , Hu Hong Guang , Li Feng Xiang , Xu Min , Sun Tao , Lu Jie 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the respiration-induced target motion and volume variation with the dosimetric variance on breast and organ at risk (OAR) during free breathing.

Methods and materials
After breast-conserving surgery, seventeen patients underwent respiration-synchronized 4DCT simulation scans during free breathing. Treatment planning was constructed using the end inspiration scan, then copied and applied to the other phases and the dose distribution was calculated separately to evaluate the dose-volume histograms (DVH) parameters for the planning target volume (PTV), ipsilateral lung and heart.

Results
During free breathing, the treated breast motion vector was 2.09 ± 0.74 mm, and the volume variation was 3.05 ± 0.94%. There was no correlation between the breast volume and target/OAR dosimetric variation (|r| = 0.39 ~ 0.48). In the anteroposterior, superoinferior and vector directions, breast movement correlated well with the mean PTV dose, conformal index, and the lung volume receiving high dose (|r| = 0.651-0.975); in the superoinferior and vector directions, breast displacement only correlated with the heart volume receiving >5 Gy (V5) (r = −0.795, 0.687). The lung volume and the lung volume receiving high dose correlated reasonably well (r = 0.655 ~ 0.882), and a correlation only existed between heart volume and V5 (r = −0.701).

Conclusion
Target movement correlated well with the target/OAR dosimetric variation in certain directions, indicating that whole breast IMRT assisted by breathing control or respiratory-adapted gated treatment promotes the accuracy of dose delivery during radiotherapy. During free breathing, the effect of breast volume variation can be ignored in whole breast IMRT.
Contribution of three-dimensional conformal intensity-modulated radiation therapy for women affected by bulky stage II supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin disease
Authors: Antoni Delphine , Natarajan-Ame Shanti , Meyer Philippe , Niederst Claudine , Bourahla Khalil , Noel Georges 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the outcome and dose distribution of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) by helical tomotherapy in women treated for large supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin’s disease.Material and methodsA total of 13 patients received adjuvant radiation at a dose of 30 Gy to the initially involved sites with a boost of 6 Gy to those areas suspected of harboring residual disease on the simulation CT scan.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 23 months, the two-year progression-free survival was 91.6%, and the 2- and 3-year overall survivals were 100%. We did not report any heart or lung acute side effects. The conformity index of PTV (Planning Target Volume) was better for IMRT than for 3D-CRT (p=0.001). For the breasts, lungs, heart, thyroid and esophagus, the volume distributions favored the IMRT plans. For the breasts, the V20Gy, V25Gyand V30Gywere 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 times lower, respectively, for IMRT than for 3D-CRT. For the lung tissues, the V20Gyand V30Gywere 2 times and 4.5 times lower, respectively, for IMRT than for 3D-CRT. For the heart, the V20Gyand V30Gywere 1.4 and 2 times lower, respectively, for IMRT than for 3D-CRT. For the esophagus, the V35Gywas 1.7 lower for IMRT than for 3D-CRT, and for the thyroid, the V30Gywas 1.2 times lower for IMRT.ConclusionIMRT by helical tomotherapy improved the PTV coverage and dramatically decreased the dose in organs at risk. The treatment was well tolerated, but a longer follow-up is necessary to prove a translation of these dosimetric improvements in the outcome of the patients.
Medial Mandibulotomies: Is there sufficient space in the midline to allow a mandibulotomy without compromising the dentition?
Authors: Shinghal Tulika , Bissada Eric , Chan Hon Biu , Wood Robert E , Atenafu Eshetu G , Brown Dale H , Gilbert Ralph W , Gullane Patrick J , Irish Jonathan C , Waldron John , Goldstein David P 
Published: May 2013

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of complications in median and paramedian mandibulotomies. In addition, the interdental space in the median and paramedian region was calculated. Study design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary care center. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all cases where a mandibulotomy was performed from 2002 to 2010. 117 charts (61 paramedian and 56 median) were identified. We included data on complications, which fell in the following 2 categories: plate and dental complications. For our second objective, we evaluated 40 different patients with base of tongue or tonsillar cancer treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The interdental space between the lateral incisors and the canines was electronically calculated on the digital Panorex images. Main outcome measures Dental and plate complications were evaluated. We also assessed interdental space. Results Patient characteristics were not significantly different. The median group had significantly more dental complications (p=0.0375, RD=0.19 and 95% CI (0.0139-0.3661)). The paramedian group had significantly more plate complications (p=0.0375, RD=0.082 and 95% CI (0.0131-0.1508). The distance between the central incisors was significantly less than the distance between the lateral incisors and canines both at the crestal and apical levels (p=0.0086 and p<0.001). Conclusions There are significantly more dental complications in the median approach. There were significantly more plate complications in the paramedian group. In addition, there is significantly less space in the between the median region as compared to the paramedian region. This is the first study that documents the advantage of the paramedian approach for dental complications.
Canadian Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery clerkship curricula: Evolving toward tomorrow's learners
Authors: Kelly Kate , Fung Kevin , McLean Laurie 
Published: May 2013

Background Increasing focus is being placed on Clerkship curriculum design and implementation in light of new undergraduate medical education research and accreditation standards. Canadian Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OTOHNS) Clerkship programs are continually but independently evolving towards a common goal of improving Clerkship curriculum. Methods An electronic survey was sent to undergraduate OTOHNS directors at all Canadian medical schools (n = 17) examining their Clerkship curricula. Themes included Clerkship format, teaching methods, faculty support and development, program strengths, and barriers. Results Survey response rate was 76%. All responding schools had OTOHNS Clerkship programs ranging in type (mandatory, selective or elective) and length (<1 to 4 weeks). Learning modalities varied. Electronic learning tools were identified as increasingly important to curriculum delivery. Common strengths included wide clinical exposure and one-on-one mentoring. Multiple challenges were identified in curriculum implementation and evaluation. All schools expressed interest in developing national standards, objectives and e-learning resources. Conclusions Significant variation exists in OTOHNS Clerkship experiences between Canadian medical schools. Many schools perceive barriers of insufficient time, space and curriculum standardization. Interested Canadian OTOHNS educators are eager to collaborate to improve the collective OTOHNS Clerkship experience.
A computerized expert system for diagnosing primary headache based on International Classification of Headache Disorder (ICHD-II)
Authors: Eslami Vahid , Rouhani-Esfahani Sadreddin , Hafezi-Nejad Nima , Refaeian Farshid , Abdi Siamak , Togha Mansoureh 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The authors developed a computerized program designed to diagnose primary headache based on international classification of headache disorders, 2nd edition (ICHD-II) criteria for use by physicians.

Methods
An appropriate questionnaire was designed according to the ICHD-II criteria for all types of primary headaches and the computerized system provided diagnosis based on the criteria. The software was tested by analyzing 80 patients, recruited from an outpatient headache clinic, affected by primary headache. Each patient with a unique card number was interviewed up to 15 minutes. At the end of each day, software and neurologist diagnoses were evaluated for each patient.

Results
Of 80 patients, the software was able to come up with correct results in 78 cases. The age of the patients ranged from 30 to 80 years old. Migraine headache accounted for 71 cases, five patients had tension type headache, and 2 had cluster headaches; all were correctly diagnosed by software. Two cases were not concordant with the neurologist’s diagnosis. The neurologist diagnosed these two cases as “Medical overuse syndrome headache” and “cluster headache”, which our software was not able to diagnosis them.

Conclusions
This software permitted the diagnosis of more than 97% of the patients similar to the physician's. We hope this questionnaire and applying the software to diagnose headache based on ICHD could be of help to better the diagnosis of headaches.
Invisible and at Risk: STDs Among Young Adult Sexual Minority Women in the United States
Authors: Lindley Lisa L. , Walsemann Katrina M. , Carter Jarvis W. 
Published: May 2013

ContextSexual minority women are not adequately assessed by national STD surveillance systems, and research regarding STD burden in nationally representative samples of such women is rare. Moreover, few studies have assessed STD risk exclusively among young adult women.MethodsWave 4 (2007–2008) data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health on 7,296 females aged 24–32 were used to examine the relationship between sexual orientation and receipt of an STD diagnosis in the past year. Multivariate logistic regression analyses used two measures of sexual orientation: sexual identity and gender of sex partners.ResultsEighty percent of women considered themselves straight; 16% mostly straight; and 4% bisexual, mostly gay or gay. Eighty‐five percent had had only male partners, while 7% had had one female partner, and 8% two or more female partners. In unadjusted models, women who identified themselves as mostly straight were more likely than straight women to have had an STD (odds ratio, 1.4); mostly gay or gay women were at lower risk (0.4). Women who had had two or more female partners had a higher STD risk than did women who had had only male partners (1.7). Adjusting for social and demographic characteristics did not substantially alter these results; however, the associations between sexual identity, gender of sex partners and STD diagnosis were eliminated after adjustment for sexual behaviors (e.g., having had anal sex).ConclusionsSexual identity, gender of sex partners and sexual behaviors should be taken into account in assessments of women's STD risk.
Petroleum Refining and Natural Gas Processing
Authors: Riazi M. R. , Eser Semih , Agrawal Suresh S. , Peña Díez José Luis 
Published: May 2013

Description
This one-of-a-kind, comprehensive handbook provides the latest industry and research advances in petroleum refining, natural gas processing, and refinery management. Over 40 scientists, experts and professionals from both academia and industry have contributed to the 33 chapters in this handbook.
Unique features include:
Eine ungewöhnliche Verwendung des Aspekts im Tschechischen – der imperfektive Aspekt in Handlungssequenzen
Authors: Berger Tilman 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper investigates a peculiar use of the Czech imperfective aspect in sequences of events, which does not occur in Russian and other eastern Slavic languages. It was first described by Ivančev, who suggested that imperfective verbs here have an ingressive meaning. Other authors (Křížková, Galton, Stunova) in con­trast stressed that an action was described as if we were in the middle of it. Dickey coined the expression “Contextually-Conditioned Imperfective Past” (CCIP) and described the phenomenon in more detail. He also shows the connection between this phenomenon and the existence of ingressive verbs with the prefix za- in the eastern Slavic languages. This paper is based on data from the Czech National Corpus, which show that two uses of the CCIP have to be distinguished: With activity verbs the imperfective aspect is used in its normal processual meaning, whereas in the case of events the imperfective aspect has the meaning of “retardation”, which is especially characteristic of motion verbs.
Individual multi-locus heterozygosity is associated with lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations
Authors: Zgaga Lina , Vitart Veronique , Hayward Caroline , Kastelan Darko , Polašek Ozren , Jakovljevic Miro , Kolcic Ivana , Biloglav Zrinka , Wright Alan F , Campbell Harry , Walker Brian R , Rudan Igor 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveStress is implicated as a risk factor for numerous illnesses in humans, putatively in part mediated by biological responses to stress, such as elevated cortisol concentrations. The theory of genetic homoeostasis suggests that individual heterozygosity facilitates compensation for environmental stresses. We hypothesized that heterozygosity ameliorates the biological response to a given level of perceived stress, reflected in lower plasma cortisol concentrations.DesignWe examined the role of heterozygosity in the association between perceived psychological stress and morning cortisol concentrations in 854 individuals from the isolated island of Vis, Croatia.MethodsCortisol concentrations were measured in morning plasma samples. A total of 1184 autosomal microsatellite markers were genotyped and individual multi-locus heterozygosity (MLH) was calculated as the proportion of heterozygous markers. The General Health Questionnaire with 30 items (GHQ-30) was used to assess the degree of psychological distress.ResultsMean MLH was 34.85±0.45% (range: 31.97–36.22%). Psychological distress (GHQ Likert score >31) was more prevalent in women (37 vs 18% in men, P<0.0001), in less educated people (β=−0.35 per year in school, P<0.001) and in lower socio-economic classes (β=−3.59, P<0.0001). Cortisol concentrations were positively associated with psychological distress (β=2.20, P=0.01). In a regression model adjusted for age, BMI, education and GHQ-30 score, MLH was independently and inversely associated with morning plasma cortisol concentrations (P=0.005).ConclusionMore heterozygous individuals, as measured by microsatellite markers, had lower morning plasma cortisol concentrations for a given level of perceived psychological stress. This may be important, as higher cortisol concentrations may increase the allostatic load and be associated with a higher risk of stress-related illness.
Chromatin-Associated Proteins HP1 and Mod(mdg4) Modify Y-Linked Regulatory Variation in the Drosophila Testis
Authors: Branco Alan T , Hartl Daniel L , Lemos Bernardo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is crucial for gene regulation. Remodeling is often mediated through chemical modifications of the DNA template, DNA-associated proteins, and RNA-mediated processes. Y-linked regulatory variation (YRV) refers to the quantitative effects that polymorphic tracts of Y-linked chromatin exert on gene expression of X-linked and autosomal genes. Here we show that naturally occurring polymorphisms in the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome contribute disproportionally to gene expression variation in the testis. The variation is dependent on wild-type expression levels of mod(mdg4) as well as Su(var)205; the latter gene codes for heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in Drosophila. Testis-specific YRV is abolished in genotypes with heterozygous loss-of-function mutations for mod(mdg4) and Su(var)205 but not in similar experiments with JIL-1. Furthermore, the Y chromosome differentially regulates several ubiquitously expressed genes. The results highlight the requirement for wild-type dosage of Su(var)205 and mod(mdg4) in enabling naturally occurring Y-linked regulatory variation in the testis. The phenotypes that emerge in the context of wild-type levels of the HP1 and Mod(mdg4) proteins might be part of an adaptive response to the environment.
Treatment of Older Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Review
Authors: VanderWalde Noam A. , Fleming Mary , Weiss Jared , Chera Bhishamjit S. 
Published: May 2013

Learning ObjectivesCompare survival and toxicity outcomes of older patients with head and neck cancer with those of their younger cohorts. Describe the role played by comorbidity, quality of life, and supportive care in the treatment decision and treatment process of older patients with head and neck cancer.
Information Security Professionals' Perceptions about the Relationship between the Information Security and Internal Audit Functions
Authors: Steinbart Paul John , Raschke Robyn L. , Gal Graham , Dilla William N. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Internal auditors and information security professionals both play important roles in protecting an organization's assets. Indeed, there are potential synergistic benefits if they work together. The relationship between the two functions, however, is not always supportive. This paper presents the results of a survey of information security professionals' perceptions about the nature of the relationship between the information security and internal audit functions in their organization. We find that information security professionals' perceptions about the level of technical expertise possessed by internal auditors and the extent of internal audit review of information security are positively related to their assessment about the quality of the relationship between the two functions. We also find that the quality of the relationship between the internal audit and information security functions is positively associated with perceptions about the value provided by internal audit and, most important, with measures of overall effectiveness of the organization's information security endeavors. We discuss the implications of our findings for both research and practice.
Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Risk of Mortality
Authors: Hinnouho Guy-Marino , Czernichow Sébastien , Dugravot Aline , Batty G. David , Kivimaki Mika , Singh-Manoux Archana 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of a “metabolically healthy obese” phenotype with mortality using five definitions of metabolic health.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAdults (n = 5,269; 71.7% men) aged 39–62 years in 1991 through 1993 provided data on BMI and metabolic health, defined using data from the Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III); criteria from two studies; and the Matsuda and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices. Cross-classification of BMI categories and metabolic status (healthy/unhealthy) created six groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze associations with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality during a median follow-up of 17.7 years.RESULTSA total of 638 individuals (12.1% of the cohort) were obese, of whom 9–41% were metabolically healthy, depending on the definition. Regardless of the definition, compared with metabolically healthy, normal-weight individuals, both the metabolically healthy obese (hazard ratios [HRs] ranged from 1.81 [95% CI 1.16–2.84] for ATP-III to 2.30 [1.13–4.70] for the Matsuda index) and the metabolically abnormal obese (HRs ranged from 1.57 [1.08–2.28] for the Matsuda index to 2.05 [1.44–2.92] for criteria defined in a separate study) had an increased risk of mortality. The only exception was the lack of excess risk using the HOMA criterion for the metabolically healthy obese (1.08; 0.67–1.74). Among the obese, the risk of mortality did not vary as a function of metabolic health apart from when using the HOMA criterion (1.93; 1.15–3.22). Similar results were obtained for cardiovascular mortality.CONCLUSIONSFor most definitions of metabolic health, both metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese patients carry an elevated risk of mortality.
Topology optimization in structural mechanics
Authors: Lewiński T. , Czarnecki S. , Dzierżanowski G. , Sokół T. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Optimization of structural topology, called briefly: topology optimization, is a relatively new branch of structural optimization. Its aim is to create optimal structures, instead of correcting the dimensions or changing the shapes of initial designs. For being able to create the structure, one should have a possibility to handle the members of zero stiffness or admit the material of singular constitutive properties, i.e. void. In the present paper, four fundamental problems of topology optimization are discussed: Michell’s structures, two-material layout problem in light of the relaxation by homogenization theory, optimal shape design and the free material design. Their features are disclosed by presenting results for selected problems concerning the same feasible domain, boundary conditions and applied loading. This discussion provides a short introduction into current topics of topology optimization
Behaviour of cement concrete at high temperature
Authors: Hager I. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the impact of high temperature on cement concrete. The presented data have been selected both from the author’s most recent research and the published literature in order to provide a brief outline of the subject. The effect of a high temperature on concrete covers changes taking place in cement paste, aggregates, as well as the interaction of these two constituents, that result in changes of mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete. This paper presents the effects of a high temperature on selected physical properties of concrete, including colour change, thermal strain, thermal strains under load, and transient thermal strains. In addition, changes to mechanical properties are discussed: stress-strain relationship, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. Moreover, the phenomenon of explosive spalling and the main factors that affect its extent are analysed in light of the most recent research
Sensitivity analysis of sandwich beams and plates accounting for variable support conditions
Authors: Studziński R. , Pozorski Z. , Garstecki A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper addresses the problems of the sensitivity analysis and optimal design of multi-span sandwich panels with a soft core and flat thin steel facings. The response functional is formulated in a general form allowing wide practical applications. Sensitivity gradients of this functional with respect to dimensional, material and support parameters are derived using adjoint variable method. These operators account for the jump of the slope of a Timoshenko beam or a Reissner plate at the position of concentrated active load or reaction, thus extending the sensitivity operators known in literature. The jump of slope is the effect of shear deformation of the core. Special attention is focussed on sensitivity and optimisation allowing for variable support position and stiffness, because local phenomena observed in supporting area of sandwich plates often initiate failure mechanisms. Introducing optimally located elastic supports allows to reduce the unfavourable influence of temperature on the state of stress. Several examples illustrate the application of derived sensitivity operators and demonstrate their exactness