bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting the Ground for Global City Formation: Neoliberalisation and Local Elites in Frankfurt on the Main
Authors: Mössner Samuel , Freytag Tim 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper approaches the global city concept from a local perspective taking into account the political action of local elites in times of urban neoliberalisation. Drawing on the empirical research carried out in Frankfurt (Main), we argue that the very beginnings of the global city formation were less a result of global processes superseding local ones, as is often argued, but rather emerged out of local political action contested by local protests. In the first part, we will revisit the global city concept and contrast it against a critique of urban neoliberalisation. The second focuses on reviewing the history of urban restructuring in the Frankfurt Westend during the 1960s and 1970s. We suggest that the transformation of the Westend into a “strategic site of global control” (Sassen 2011) has been constructed as a narrative in order to legitimise local forms of real estate speculation, marketisation of commodification. Our paper tries to unfold the logics and strategies of such neoliberal urbanisation by critically reflecting upon historical events since the 1960s
Regional Government and Regional Planning in the Hanover Region
Authors: Priebs Axel 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The Hanover Region was created in 2001 as a new type of urban regional body. The article deals with the conditions and goals of this administrative reform. It examines factors that contributed to the success of the reform. It is emphasised that above all the region’s predecessors’ more than three decades of experience with regional tasks were crucial. Also important was the fact that the region was initiated by three ‘doers’ from the local level, starting a bottom-up process. Crucial for the region’s profile is solidarity between the municipalities with their different economic and social structures. This is guaranteed by the contribution that all municipalities pay to the region. The article also deals with the regional planning principles in the Hanover Region, which has attempted to prepare and maintain a comprehensive physical structure. It is pointed out that the main advantage of the Hanover Region is that there is political responsibility at the regional level with directly elected politicians
Appearance of Hürthle cell carcinoma soon after surgical extirpation of Hürthle cell adenoma and follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Ristevska Nevena , Stojanoski Sinisa , Pop Gjorceva Daniela 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background. Hürthle cell neoplasms could be benign (Hürthle cell adenoma) or malignant (Hürthle cell carcinoma). Hürthle cell carcinoma is a rare tumour, representing 5% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The cytological evaluation of Hürthle cell neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is complicated because of the presence of Hürthle cells in both Hürthle cell adenoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma. Thus, the preoperative distinction between these two entities is very difficult and possible only with pathohistological findings of the removed tumour.
Case report. A 57-year old female patient was admitted at our Department, for investigation of nodular thyroid gland. She was euthyroid and FNAB of the nodules in both thyroid lobes were consistent of Hürthle cell adenoma with cellular atypias. After thyroidectomy the histopathology revealed Hürthle cell adenoma with high cellular content and discrete cellular atypias in the left lobe and follicular thyroid adenoma without cellular atypias in the right lobe. One year after substitution therapy, a palpable tumour on the left side of the remnant tissue was found, significantly growing with time, presented as hot nodule on 99mTc-sestamibi scan and conclusive with Hürthle cell adenoma with marked cellularity on FNAB. Tumorectomy was performed and well-differentiated Hürthle cell carcinoma detected. The patient received ablative dose of 100 mCi 131I. No signs of metastatic disease are present up to date.
Conclusions. The differences between Hürthle cell adenomas and Hürthle cell carcinomas could be clearly made only by histopathological evaluation. Patients with cytological diagnosis of Hürthle cell neoplasms should proceed to total thyroidectomy, especially if tumour size is > 1cm, FNAB findings comprise cellular atypias and/or multiple bilateral nodules are detected in the thyroid gland.
Febrile neutropenia in chemotherapy treated small-cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Kukec Renata Rezonja , Grabnar Iztok , Vovk Tomaz , Mrhar Ales , Kovac Viljem , Cufer Tanja 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background. Chemotherapy with platinum agent and etoposide for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is supposed to be associated with intermediate risk (10-20%) of febrile neutropenia. Primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colonystimulating factors (G-CSFs) is not routinely recommended by the treatment guidelines. However, in clinical practice febrile neutropenia is often observed with standard etoposide/platinum regimen. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the frequency of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia in advanced SCLC patients in the first cycle of standard chemotherapy. Furthermore, we explored the association between severe neutropenia and etoposide peak plasma levels in the same patients.
Methods. The case series based analysis of 17 patients with advanced SCLC treated with standard platinum/etoposide chemotherapy, already included in the pharmacokinetics study with etoposide, was performed. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia, observed after the first cycle are reported. The neutrophil counts were determined on day one of the second cycle unless symptoms potentially related to neutropenia occurred. Adverse events were classified according to Common Toxicity Criteria 4.0. Additionally, association between severe neutropenia and etoposide peak plasma concentrations, which were measured in the scope of pharmacokinetic study, was explored.
Results. Two out of 17 patients received primary GCS-F prophylaxis. In 15 patient who did not receive primary prophylaxis the rates of both grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were high (8/15 (53.3%) and 2/15 (13.3%), respectively), already in the first cycle of chemotherapy. One patient died due to febrile neutropenia related pneumonia. Neutropenic events are assumed to be related to increased etoposide plasma concentrations after a standard etoposide and cisplatin dose. While the mean etoposide peak plasma concentration in the first cycle of chemotherapy was 17.6 mg/l, the highest levels of 27.07 and 27.49 mg/l were determined in two patients with febrile neutropenia.
Conclusions. Our study indicates that there is a need to reduce the risk of neutropenic events in chemotherapy treated advanced SCLC, starting in the first cycle. Mandatory use of primary G-CSF prophylaxis might be considered. Alternatively, use of improved risk models for identification of patients with increased risk for neutropenia and individualization of primary prophylaxis based on not only clinical characteristics but also on etoposide plasma concentration measurement, could be a new, promising options that deserves further evaluation.
Anthropometric and Metabolic Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypochromia
Authors: Neamţu Marius Cristian , Crăiţoiu Ştefania , Miulescu Rucsandra Dănciulescu , Margină Denisa 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background and Aims. Previous studies have shown that hypochromia is a common finding in patients with chronic diseases. The aim of our study was to estimate the anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypochromia. Material and Methods. 30 patients with T2DM were recruited for this study. Patient demographics, relevant concomitant illnesses and medical history were recorded. Anthropometric, biochemical parameters (fasting plasma glucose - FPG, glycated hemoglobin -HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate - GFR) and morphology of blood smear were assessed. Patients diagnosed with diabetes and hypochromia constituted the study group and patients with type T2DM but without hypochromia constituted the control group. Results. The study showed no statistically significant differences on anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of patients with diabetes and hypochromia, compared with controls. Conclusions. We observed a high prevalence of hypochromia in diabetic patients (46.66%). Our findings suggest the need of screening for routine hematological tests in patients with T2DM.
The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Combination with Individualized Lifestyle and Therapeutic Recommandations on Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Crăciun Anca-Elena , Bala Cornelia , Crăciun Cristian , Roman Gabriela , Georgescu Carmen , Hâncu Nicolae 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background and aims. The aim of our research was to evaluate the impact of short-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control evaluated by HbA1c and within-day glucose variability. We also assessed if the initiation of insulin therapy in conjunction with lifestyle recommendations may prevent the weight gain. Materials and
method. We included 28 patients with type 2 diabetes with 2 consecutive CGMS recordings available (baseline and follow-up) and for which were collected data on weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage (%) of body fat, visceral fat area, HbA1c and glycemic variability. Results. The HbA1c decreased significantly from 8.8% at baseline to 7.3% at follow-up (p <0.0001) in the whole group, and from 10.5% to 7.5% in the subgroup for which the insulin therapy was initiated at baseline (p=0.011). The BMI, % body fat and visceral fat area decreased significantly from 29.2 kg/m2 to 28.4 kg/m2; from 32.3% to 30.4%; and from 141.6 to 129.3 (cm2), respectively. No increase of these parameters was observed in the subgroup for which the insulin therapy was initiated at baseline. Conclusion. The use of CGMS in combination with individualized lifestyle and therapeutic recommendations may have a beneficial effect on glycemic control and may prevent the weight gain associated with insulin initiation.
Cognitive Disorders, Depressive Status and Chronic Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tache Mirela , Tocut Sandra Milena , Dobjanschi Carmen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background and aims: Depression and cognitive disorders were reported more frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Our aim was to analyze the association of cognitive disorders and depression association with chronic complications of DM in a group of Romanian patients. Materials and methods: The data was analyzed from 181 patients, with a mean age of 58,3 years to whom we applied the MMSE (Mini- Mental State Examination) and MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) questionnaires. We also analyzed the presence of chronic DM complications, HbA1c and lipid profile. Results: Most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had mild cognitive impairment (92%), more common in the age group 50-59 years. Chronic macrovascular complications were present in 74.58%, while chronic microvascular complications were present in 61.87% of patients with T2DM who associated mild and moderate cognitive impairment (p = 0.013). The most common form of depression was mild depression (90.2%), present in most patients with DM, regardless of progression and type of treatment. MADRS depression test scores were statistically significant correlated with the presence of peripheral artery disease - PAD (p <0.001), ischemic heart disease - IHD (p <0.001) and chronic kidney disease - CKD (p =0.05). We did not find a statistically significant correlation with HbA1c and serum lipid values (p˃0,05). Conclusion: Chronic diabetes macrovascular complications (PAD, IHD) and CKD were more frequently associated with cognitive disorders and depression in patients with T2DM independent of the degree of metabolic control.
Diet and Lifestyle Guidelines for Diabetes: Evidence Based Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Pk Prajapati 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background and Aims: Ayurveda strongly emphasize on preventive and promotive aspects of health rather than curative. Centuries ago, Ayurveda laid the concepts of Dinacharya (daily regimen for healthy living), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen for healthy living), Sadvaritta (moral conducts) and Achara Rasayana (social conducts) as well established guidelines for healthy diet and lifestyle; but in current era, hardly anyone aptly follow it. As a result, there is tremendous rise in lifestyle disorders as pandemics, diabetes being the most menacing among them. The aim of this review is to bring into the limelight the Ayurvedic dietary and lifestyle guidelines for prevention of type 2 diabetes and available factual research evidence validating it. Materials and methods: Ayurvedic recommendations for prevention of diabetes were rationally reviewed in light of published information from several articles. Publications in Pubmed, Scopemed, Dhara online and other allied databases covering fields of therapeutics, pharmacology, biomedicine and health were also screened and taken into study for the report. Conclusion: Ayurvedic lifestyle guidelines of adopting a healthy dietary pattern together with physical activity are valuable tools in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Long Term Complications of Diabetes – A Review
Authors: Vlad Ionuţ , Oieru Dana Sonia , Popa Amorin Remus , Zaharia Mihaela 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
It is estimated that subclinical DM (diabetes mellitus) has the onset about 10 years before the appearance of actual clinical manifestations, leading to uncontrolled chronic complications. Many trials have pursued the onset and evolution of the DM chronic complications in order to obtain a full picture that allows the development of prevention strategies, treatments and DM costs reduction.
Clinical aspects, management and outcome of brain arteriovenous malformations – results with microsurgery first policy
Authors: Sandu Aurelia Mihaela , Ciubotaru Vasile Gheorghe , Tataranu Ligia Gabriela , Tascu Alexandru , Bucur Narcisa , Neacsu Angela , Gorgan Mircea Radu 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We performed a retrospective study, including patients operated for brain AVMs between 1999 and 2014, in the Clinic of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital Bagdasar-Arseni, Bucharest. 277 patients underwent surgery for brain AVMs. Mean age was 29.82 years. 195 patients (70.40%) presented with hemorrhage and 86 cases (31.05%) were admitted with seizures. We performed total resection of AVMs in 228 cases (82.31%) and subtotal resection in 49 cases (17.69%). Regarding patients with residual nidus, 16 of them underwent second surgery, 27 stereotactic radiosurgery Gamma Knife, 3 embolization and 3 refused further treatment. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) improved following surgery (Z = -9.248, p = 0.000). Early complications (0-30 days) were encountered in 84 patients (30.32%). We found the following risk factors for postoperative complications occurrence: motor deficit (p = 0.006), co-morbidities (p = 0.023), higher mRS (p = 0.005), lower Karnofsky score (p = 0.003), lower GCS (p = 0.016), profound nidus (p = 0.001), eloquent aria (p = 0.000), large nidus (p = 0.000), multiple arterial territory (p = 0.000), deep feeding arteries (p = 0.000), higher number of feeding arteries (p = 0.000), deep venous drainage (p = 0.000), multiple draining veins (p = 0.000), higher Spetzler- Martin grade (p = 0.006), high flow (p = 0.000), vascular steel (p = 0.000), associated aneurysms (p = 0.010) and decompressive craniectomy (p = 0.019). Mortality was 6.1%. Microsurgery is the treatment of choice for brain AVMs. Surgical results are excellent, with low morbidity and mortality. Patients with poor surgical results belonged to the group admitted with severe altered general state, state of consciousness, massive hematomas and acute brainstem dysfunction. If part of the nidus cannot be safely surgical resected, stereotactic radiosurgery can provide definitive cure of the lesion.
Surgical treatment and outcome of cerebral cavernomas – a 10 years’ experience
Authors: Giovani A. , Sandu Aurelia , Neacsu Angela , Gorgan R.M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are congenital low flow angiographic occult vascular lesions with a high tencency to bleeding. The prevalence of cerebral cavernous vascular malformations is estimated to be 0.4% to 0.9%.2,7 CMs in deep locations, including the brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia, account for 9% to 35% of all malformations in the brain. We performed a retrospective 10 years study on 130 operated cerebral cavernomas and discussed the clinical status at presentation, the choice and timing of the surgical approach and the short and longterm follow up. The 130 operated cases were divided into a supratentorial 102 (78.46%) group and an infratantorial group 28 (21.53%). The average age at presentation was 43,62 years old (17-76) and there was no sex predominance, male/female = 1,44 (77/53). Only in 14 cases (10.76%) we could find multiple cavernomas which had relatives with multiple cavrnomas, but the familial inheritance was not studied, and only the symptomatic lesion was resected. We divided the outcome results reporting for agroup with superficial respectively profound lesions. The long term follow up for the patients in the profound lesions group showed that 31/37 (83,78%) of patients had a mRS between 0 and 2, and the rest had a poor long term outcome. After surgery there was no clinical deterioration in the superficial lesions group and 22 patients from those who presented in mRS 2 showed neurological improvement on long term follow up, meaning that 82,79% of patients had a 0 or 1 mRS. Microsurgery is the treatment of choice in symptomatic brain cavernomas, total resection being the only curative treatment, capable to prevent further bleeding and to offer an efficient control of seizures.
Thoracic spine type C injuries: injury profile, management and outcome
Authors: Checiu Gheorghe , Filip Cristian , Serban Daniel , Calina Niki Adrian , Podea Marius , Zamfir Costica , Exergian Florin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the last years we observed an increased number of patients with multiple lesions after high energy accidents. Type C injuries of the thoracic spine are the most severe lesions, with the worse prognosis. The study analyzes the injury profile, management and outcome of all patients with thoracic spine, from T1- to T10, type C injuries treated in the Spinal Surgery Department of “Bagdsar- Arseni” Emergency Hospital, in the last 5 years. There were 26 patients admitted in the study, mostly male, 77%, with a mean age of 33.8 years. All of them were victims of high energy accidents, and all had spine injury associated with multiple lesions (head, thoracic, abdominal and limbs). We have chosen a posterior approach in all cases, with laminectomy or hemilaminectomy, permitting us to achieve all the major objectives of surgery, with the advantage of lower blood loss and a reduced operating time. The purpose of surgery was to achieve decompression of the spinal cord and stability of the thoracic spine. We treated 19 patient surgically and 4 patient conservative. Thoracic spine type C fractures remain a challenge for the spinal surgeon. These lesions require a multidisciplinary team approach for the treatment of associated lesions. The main goal of surgery is to achieve stability of the fractured segments. The timing for surgery is indicated mainly by associated respiratory problems.
Cerebral revascularization: direct versus indirect bypass. Case presentation and review
Authors: Giovani A. , Brehar F. , Gorgan R.M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Since 1985 when the EC-IC bypass study results were published and less procedures were performed for cerebral ischemia, the EC-IC bypass even high or low flow and the IC-IC bypass as flow replacement procedures gain acceptance for many neurosurgical pathologies, from extrinsic and intrinsic tumors requiring large vessels sacrifice to large giant and fusiform aneurysms. In recent years, after the results of Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS) and the Japanese EC-IC trial published their results the indications for extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) by-pass expanded, including both extracranial carotid artery occlusive disease and intracranial atherosclerotic disease. The authors make a literature review of the indications for cerebral revascularization, with focus on the direct STA-MCA and indirect (EDAMS) revascularization techniques as a treatment for ischemic stroke. They present two cases of Moyamoya disease one treated with combined approaches and one with indirect approach and discuss the technical skills the surgeon should acquire in order to perform an anastomosis, focusing on the details of STA-MCA bypass, concluding that a combined approach gives better neurological results visible shortly after the surgery.
Traumatic acute posterior fossa subdural hematoma – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Sundar Vijay , Gandhi Ashok , Purohit Devendra , Mittal R.S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Traumatic subdural hematomas of the posterior fossa are rare but dangerous neurosurgical emergencies that require prompt diagnosis and management to avoid the uniformly poor outcome. We present a case of a teenager with severe TBI and acute subdural hematoma of the posterior fossa that deteriorated rapidly before surgery but eventually made a good recovery. We also the review the literature concerning traumatic posterior fossa subdural hematomas [PFSDH].
Massive infarction and cavernous sinus thrombosis: an uncommon complication of tooth extraction
Authors: Umamaheswara Reddy V. , Agrawal Amit , Hegde Kishor V. , Srikanth V. , Sahith Reddy K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CAST) is a rare and potentially fatal complication following tooth extraction. In present case of a 55 year old male known case of diabetes mellitus underwent tooth extraction. After 5 days, he noticed swelling around the cheek, high grade fever, and frontal headaches. Diagnosis of alveolar abscess after inspection was made, for which incision and drainage was done. Next morning, he noticed that the cheek swelling progressed to left eye and there was CT brain was performed which showed hyperdense areas in cavernous sinus on left side and left sylvian fissure with hemorrhagic venous infarct in left temporal and frontal lobes. More caudal sections revealed mucosal thickness in left maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses, edema over cheek, preseptal orbital swelling, retro-orbital fat stranding and axial proptosis. A diagnosis of rhino-orbital infection from dental source with cavernous sinus extension causing left temporo-frontal hemorrhagic venous infarction was made Emergency surgery for decompression was performed but the patient did not responded to the treatment and succumbed to the infection. This case is a reminder that in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, undergoing dental procedures should be carefully dealt with appropriate antibiotic cover. Early signs like unilateral facial edema, orbital chemosis, edema, and proptosis should raise high index suspicion of cavernous