bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
20 Years of triple-valve surgery in the UK: demographic and outcome trends
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Fadi Ibrahim , Hussein Nabil , Smith Harry , Al-Adhami Ahmed , Sitaranjan Daniel , Caputo Massimo , Angelini Gianni D , Harky Amer , Vohra Hunaid Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To describe evolving demographic trends and early outcomes in patients undergoing triple-valve surgery in the UK between 2000 and 2019.

METHODS
We planned a retrospective analysis of national registry data including patients undergoing triple-valve surgery for all aetiologies of disease. We excluded patients in a critical preoperative state and those with missing admission dates. The study cohort was split into 5 consecutive 4-year cohorts (groups A, B, C, D and E). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included prolonged admission, re-exploration for bleeding, postoperative stroke and postoperative dialysis. Binary logistic regression models were used to establish independent predictors of mortality, stroke, postoperative dialysis and re-exploration for bleeding in this high-risk cohort.

RESULTS
We identified 1750 patients undergoing triple-valve surgery in the UK between 2000 and 2019. Triple valve surgery represents 3.1% of all patients in the dataset. Overall mean age of patients was 68.5 ± 12 years, having increased from 63 ±12 years in group A to 69 ± 12 years in group E (P &lt; 0.001). Overall in-hospital mortality rate was 9%, dropping from 21% in group A to 7% in group E (P &lt; 0.001). Overall rates of re-exploration for bleeding (11%, P = 0.308) and postoperative dialysis (11%, P = 0.066) remained high across the observed time period. Triple valve replacement, redo sternotomy and poor preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction emerged as strong independent predictors of mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Triple-valve surgery remains rare in the UK. Early postoperative outcomes for triple valve surgery have improved over time. Redo sternotomy is a significant predictor of mortality. Attempts should be made to repair the mitral and/or tricuspid valves where technically possible.
Coercive Recruitment and Combatant Socialization: Reanalyzing the Role of Child Soldiering on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
Authors: Ju Changwook 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Why do armed organizations perpetrate conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV)? One prominent explanation focuses on the need to sustain group solidarity following the introduction of new combatants, a phenomenon referred to as combatant socialization. In this article, I revisit recent quantitative research suggesting that rebel groups recruiting children as soldiers engage in CRSV to facilitate combatant socialization. I argue that child soldiering without coercive recruitment does not, ipso facto, degrade internal cohesion and resilience; it is the use of coercion during recruitment that decimates intra-group solidarity and thereby necessitates CRSV for combatant socialization. Consequently, child soldiering per se should not induce rebel-perpetrated CRSV, whereas forced child recruitment does patently increase it. Zero-inflated ordered logit analysis confirms the differential implications of distinct modes of child recruitment for rebels’ combatant socialization via CRSV. This article highlights the centrality of coercive recruitment in CRSV occurrence and advances knowledge about combatant socialization and CRSV estimation.
Seismic structure of the Balmuccia Peridotite from a high-resolution refraction and reflection survey
Authors: Pasiecznik Damian , Greenwood Andrew , Bleibinhaus Florian , Hetényi György 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
In anticipation of a forthcoming scientific deep drilling initiative within the Western Alps near Balmuccia, Italy, a high-resolution seismic survey is performed at the proposed drill site. This site is situated within the Ivrea Verbano Zone (IVZ), characterized by lower crustal materials and fragments of upper-mantle rocks exposed adjacent to the Insubric Line. The 2-km-long seismic survey crosses an isolated km-scale outcrop of peridotite near the town of Balmuccia. Applying P-wave traveltime tomography, a substantial contrast in seismic velocities is identified, with velocities in the range of 1–8 km s−1. The peridotite displays velocities ranging from 6 to 8 km s−1. The higher velocities near 8 km s−1 are consistent with laboratory measurements on small-scale samples, while the low-velocity areas within the peridotite body reflect the influence of fractures and faults. The mean velocity derived for the peridotite body is ca. 7 km s−1. The reflection seismic analysis reveals subvertical reflectors positioned at the peridotite boundaries mapped at the surface, converging at a depth of ca. 0.175 km b.s.l. which images a lens-like structure for the peridotite body. However, the area beneath the imaged lens and the deeper Ivrea Geophysical Body (IGB) suggested by earlier studies is not well imaged, which leaves room for other interpretations regarding the relationship of these two bodies. Prior geophysical investigations provide only approximate depth estimates for the top of the IGB, spanning between 1–3 km depth b.s.l. Although the reflection data do not exhibit a series of continuous reflectors beneath the peridotite, a prominent reflection at ca. 1.3 km depth may indicate the top of the IGB.
Health promotion expectations and perceptions of sport club participants
Authors: Tézier Benjamin , Dogba Maman Joyce , Beck Valentin , Cossou Gbeto Inheldia , Vuillemin Anne , Lemonnier Fabienne , Rostan Florence , Guillemin Francis , Van Hoye Aurélie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To develop health promotion (HP) in sports clubs (SCs), stakeholders need to know the HP expectations of sports participants. However, the literature does not provide information on these aspects, which exacerbates the difficulty for SCs to provide an environment, activities and organization that promote health and to play the role entrusted to them in the integration of vulnerable populations. To fill this gap, this study explores the HP expectations and perceptions of sports participants, with a particular focus on ethnocultural characteristics, and documents participants’ understanding of HP. A descriptive qualitative study comprising semi-structured interviews was carried out with 22 French and Quebec sports participants. Because they have little experience with HP in their SC, participants do not seem to have many expectations of their SC in terms of HP. Nevertheless, they felt that SCs can play an important role in health and suggested several themes and types of action, such as seminars on nutrition, activities outside the SC to develop cohesion or health monitoring. Sports participants from ethnocultural minorities seem to appreciate the programs designed to integrate them. There is a predominantly physical conception of health and the contribution of SCs to health, and the relationship between the types of health determinants (economic, environmental, organizational and social) and health is not clear. This study shows that the idea of a health-promoting SC appeals to SC participants, but this approach has not yet taken root in this setting or in society as a whole.
Mismanagement and misinterpretations in asylum interviews: Perspectives from South Africa and Sweden
Authors: Ottosson Lisa , Angu Pineteh , Gustafsson Kristina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores the interactions between key actors in asylum interviews in South Africa and Sweden. It is based on forty-one interviews with asylum seekers, interpreters, state officials, and legal representatives. The analysis is guided by theories on professional encounters, bureaucratic violence, and interdependence. The result is presented in two themes: the emergence of mismanagement due to repressive policies and cost-cutting measures, and misinterpretation due to poor interpretation services and failure to recognize the hermeneutic aspects of asylum seekers’ claims. These issues lead to mistrust in the asylum system and in each other’s capacities, as key actors fail to take joint responsibility for the interview act and its outcome. The conclusion is that all key actors operate within a destructive process of mistrust, reinforced by an increasingly repressive political framework as its strongest driving force.
Self-generated asylum evidence: Scripting, staging and desperation in the assessment process
Authors: Laws Ben 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The demonstrable rise in self-generated asylum evidence—most typically via social media—is in need of explication. Drawing on cases from ethnographic research in Sweden this article sets out to understand why asylum seekers turn to extreme forms of activity such as filming themselves burning the Quran. It appears that such ‘staged’ evidence is most often born out of a sense of emotional desperation in the face of a stone-wall assessment system which leans heavily towards rejection. To reach this conclusion, however, the article first engages with more traditional asylum ‘scripts’ and roadmaps endorsed and shaped by NGO’s and legal practitioners. The 2015 Migration Crisis in Europe has fundamentally altered the assessment process, not only in its ‘bar-raising’ aspects for positive decisions, but also by reconfiguring the very form and structure of evidence presented.
More than a number: Exploring the impact of age(ing) on refugees’ experiences of arrival
Authors: Enßle-Reinhardt Friederike 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Age(ing) as an intersectional category has seen only limited attention in refugee studies so far. Although research exists on the living situation and vulnerabilities of specific age groups, conceptual perspectives on how age(ing), as a factor of difference, plays out in refugees’ experiences of flight and arrival has been explored to a lesser extent. Drawing on qualitative research with fifty-three refugees who arrived in Germany since 2015 this contribution explores refugees’ experiences of arrival and their interrelation with their life courses. The analysis follows an intersectional life course perspective to unpack arrival experiences through the dimensions of key life events and their timing; locally and globally linked lives; categories of difference; as well as systems of domination and refugees’ agency. The contribution closes by proposing three conceptual considerations about how a focus on age(ing) can enhance a nuanced understanding of forced migrants’ living experiences.
A probiotic NVP1704 alleviates stress-induced sleeplessness/depression-like symptoms in mice by upregulating serotonergic and GABAergic systems and downregulating NF-κB activation
Authors: Baek Ji-Su , Lee Dong-Yun , Han Seung-Won , Kim Dong-Hyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sleeplessness (insomnia) is a potential symptom of depression. A probiotic NVP1704 alleviates depression-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice. Therefore, to understand whether NVP1704 could be effective against sleeplessness in vivo, we exposed immobilization stress (IS) in mice, then orally administered NVP1704 for 5 days, and assayed depression/anxiety-like behavior in the open field, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension tests, sleeping latency time, and sleep duration, euthanized then by exposure to CO2, and analyzed their related biomarkers. Oral administration of NVP1704 decreased IS-induced depression/anxiety-like behavior and sleeping latency time and increased IS-suppressed sleeping duration. NVP1704 increased IS-suppressed expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GABAA receptor α1 (GABAARα1) and α2 subunits (GABAARα2), serotonin, 5-HT receptors (5-HT1AR and 5-HT1BR), and melatonin receptors (MT1R and MT2R) in the prefrontal cortex and thalamus. NVP1704 also increased the IS-suppressed GABAARα1-positive cell population in the prefrontal cortex and decreased IS-induced corticosterone, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and the NF-κB+Iba1+ cell population in the brain and myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and the NF-κB+CD11c+ cell population in the colon. Based on these findings, NVP1704 may alleviate depression/anxiety/sleeplessness-like behaviors through the upregulation of serotonergic and GABAergic systems and downregulation of NF-κB activation.
Dual quantitative PCR assays for the rapid detection of Trichophyton indotineae from clinical samples
Authors: Baron Audrey , Hamane Samia , Gits-Muselli Maud , Legendre Lina , Benderdouche Mazouz , Mingui Anselme , Ghelfenstein-Ferreira Théo , Alanio Alexandre , Dellière Sarah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging species of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (TMC), responsible for an epidemic of widespread hairless skin infections that is frequently (50–70%) resistant to terbinafine. In order to initiate appropriate treatment as quickly as possible without waiting for culture positivity (10–15 days) and molecular identification from the strain, we developed a dual quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the direct detection of T. indotineae in clinical samples. We first designed a T. indotineae-specific qPCR assay (TI-qPCR) targeting a single specific polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer region. Although none of the 94 non-dermatophyte and 7 dermatophyte species were amplified, this TI-qPCR allowed amplification of other TMC species at a lower yield. With equal amounts (0.1 ng) of DNA per reaction, the mean quantitative cycle (Cq) values for T. indotineae and non-indotineae TMC were 27.9 (±0.1) and 38.9 (±0.3), respectively. Therefore, we normalized this assay against a previously validated pan-dermatophyte qPCR assay (PD-qPCR) and relied on the ΔCq [(TI-qPCR) − (PD-qPCR)] to identify T. indotineae versus other TMC species. Dual assay was validated using 86 clinical samples of culture-confirmed T. indotinea and 19 non-indotineae TMC cases. The mean ΔCq for non-indotineae TMC was 9.6 ± 2.7, whereas the ΔCq for T. indotinea was −1.46 ± 2.1 (P &lt; .001). Setting the ΔCq at 4.5 as a cutoff value resulted in 100% specificity for the detection of T. indotineae. This dual qPCR assay quickly detects T. indotineae from skin scrapings, aiding in early diagnosis and treatment for patients with suspected infection.
Parallel Evolution in Mosquito Vectors—A Duplicated Esterase Locus is Associated With Resistance to Pirimiphos-methyl in Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Nagi Sanjay C , Lucas Eric R , Egyir-Yawson Alexander , Essandoh John , Dadzie Samuel , Chabi Joseph , Djogbénou Luc S , Medjigbodo Adandé A , Edi Constant V , Ketoh Guillaume K , Koudou Benjamin G , Ashraf Faisal , Clarkson Chris S , Miles Alistair , Weetman David , Donnelly Martin J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The primary control methods for the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, are based on insecticidal interventions. Emerging resistance to these compounds is therefore of major concern to malaria control programs. The organophosphate (OP), pirimiphos-methyl, is a relatively new chemical in the vector control armory but is now widely used in indoor-residual spray campaigns. While generally effective, phenotypic resistance has developed in some areas in malaria vectors. Here, we used a population genomic approach to identify novel mechanisms of resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in A. gambiae s.l mosquitoes. In multiple populations, we found large and repeated signals of selection at a locus containing a cluster of detoxification enzymes, some of whose orthologs are known to confer resistance to OPs in Culex pipiens. Close examination revealed a pair of alpha-esterases, Coeae1f and Coeae2f, and a complex and diverse pattern of haplotypes under selection in A. gambiae, A. coluzzii and A. arabiensis. As in C. pipiens, copy number variants have arisen at this locus. We used diplotype clustering to examine whether these signals arise from parallel evolution or adaptive introgression. Using whole-genome sequenced phenotyped samples, we found that in West Africa, a copy number variant in A. gambiae is associated with resistance to pirimiphos-methyl. Overall, we demonstrate a striking example of contemporary parallel evolution which has important implications for malaria control programs.
Limitations of current high-throughput sequencing technologies lead to biased expression estimates of endogenous retroviral elements
Authors: Kitsou Konstantina , Katzourakis Aris , Magiorkinis Gkikas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient germline retroviral integrations, comprise almost 8% of the human genome. The elucidation of their biological roles is hampered by our inability to link HERV mRNA and protein production with specific HERV loci. To solve the riddle of the integration-specific RNA expression of HERVs, several bioinformatics approaches have been proposed; however, no single process seems to yield optimal results due to the repetitiveness of HERV integrations. The performance of existing data-bioinformatics pipelines has been evaluated against real world datasets whose true expression profile is unknown, thus the accuracy of widely-used approaches remains unclear. Here, we simulated mRNA production from specific HERV integrations to evaluate second and third generation sequencing technologies along with widely used bioinformatic approaches to estimate the accuracy in describing integration-specific expression. We demonstrate that, while a HERV-family approach offers accurate results, per-integration analyses of HERV expression suffer from substantial expression bias, which is only partially mitigated by algorithms developed for calculating the per-integration HERV expression, and is more pronounced in recent integrations. Hence, this bias could erroneously result into biologically meaningful inferences. Finally, we demonstrate the merits of accurate long-read high-throughput sequencing technologies in the resolution of per-locus HERV expression.
Impact of relative cisplatin dose to skeletal muscle mass on adverse events in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Yokota Tomoya , Notsu Akifumi , Hamauchi Satoshi , Onozawa Yusuke , Fushiki Kunihiro , Oshima Kotoe , Kawakami Takeshi , Tsushima Takahiro , Yasui Hirofumi , Ogawa Hirofumi , Onoe Tsuyoshi , Kawatani Keisuke , Yamazaki Kentaro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with high-dose cisplatin (CDDP) is the standard treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although dosing is based on body surface area (BSA), some patients experience CDDP-related adverse events (AEs). We aimed to evaluate the impact of relative CDDP dose to skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on chemotherapy-associated AEs in patients with HNSCC undergoing CRT with high-dose CDDP.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data of patients who underwent CRT with high-dose CDDP (80-100 mg/m2, triweekly) between 2010 and 2023. SMM was measured as the cross-sectional muscle area at the third cervical vertebra (C3-SMM) using computed tomography; the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was defined as SMM normalized by squared height. The CDDP index was defined as the prescribed CDDP dose divided by SMI. CDDP-related AEs were assessed during the first cycle using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0.

Results
Overall, 306 patients were identified. The CDDP index cutoff value best associated with grade ≥ 3 AEs was 10.312. Grade ≥ 3 hematological toxicities exhibited stronger association with high CDDP index value than with low CDDP index value (26.9% vs 16.3%, P = .033). Multivariate analysis revealed that high CDDP index value and creatinine clearance &lt; 70 mL/minute were predictive factors for grade ≥ 3 AEs (odds ratio [OR] 2.55, P = .008; OR 3.68, P = .002, respectively).

Conclusion
The CDDP index based on C3-SMM was an independent predictive factor for grade ≥ 3 CDDP-related AEs. C3-SMM is potentially more useful than BSA for determining the optimal CDDP dose in patients with HNSCC.
Activity and Participation Are Associated With Future Falls, Hospitalizations, and Emergency Visits in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Klatt Brooke N , Perera Subashan , Dunlap Pamela M , Rosso Andrea L , Brach Jennifer S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Activity and participation are important for older adults as they are associated with well-being and quality of life. Falls, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations are adverse health outcomes that impact older adults. Limited research has investigated whether measurement of activity and participation are related to adverse health events in community dwelling older adults. This study sought to examine the association between activity and participation with falls, ED visits, and hospitalization over 1 year in community dwelling older adults.

Methods
A secondary analysis of a longitudinal clinical trial of 341 community dwelling older adults was conducted. The sample mean age was 80.9 (SD = 7.7) years and 83% were female. One-year risk of falls was associated with baseline Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) components of overall function and disability (frequency and limitations dimensions). Incident rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs were calculated.

Results
For each five-point higher score (clinically meaningful difference) in activity as measured by LLFDI-overall function (adjusted for age, race, sex, comorbidities and fall history), there was an 18% lower rate of falls (IRR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74–0.92), 12% reduction in hospitalizations (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.77–0.99), and 11% lower rate of emergency room visits (IRR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.98). Greater participation as measured by the LLFDI limitations dimension was related to fewer falls (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87–1.00) and hospitalizations (IRR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83–0.99).

Conclusion
Greater activity and participation are associated with a lower incidence of falls, ED visits, and hospitalizations representing an important consideration for targeted physical therapist interventions.

Impact Statement
Physical therapists are uniquely positioned to identify and address reduced activity and participation. If activity and participation are specifically targeted and improved through physical therapy, undesirable distal health outcomes might be prevented or minimized.

Lay Summary
Greater activity and participation were found to be related to lower rate of falls, ED visits, and hospitalizations in a sample of 341 older adults who lived in the community.