bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Factors Influencing Students Selection of Business Majors Using TRA Framework
Authors: Kumar Anil , Kumar Poonam 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTMaking decisions regarding the selection of a business major is both very important and challenging for students. An understanding of this decision‐making process can be valuable for students, parents, and university programs. The current study applies the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) consumer decision‐making model to examine factors that influence college students’ intentions to choose a business major. A total of 670 undergraduate students enrolled at a large midwestern university participated in the study. Social image, job availability, and aptitude were found to be significant factors that impact students’ decisions to select a business major. The results also reveal that family, high‐school counselors, and professors have a major influence on students’ decisions. Furthermore, some unique differences were found related to gender and decided/undecided status of students. The implications of these results for promoting different majors and future research are discussed.
Cultivating Student Global Competence: A Pilot Experimental Study
Authors: Li Yulong 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAlthough student global competence has been recognized as an important learning outcome by more and more colleges and universities, campus internationalization efforts remain fragmented and largely ineffective. We proposed a pedagogical intervention that provided students from China and the U.S. with opportunities to establish virtual contact and to work collaboratively on international business related research papers. Then, we operationalized global competence as a three‐dimensional concept and designed an instrument to measure student global competence. The results provided some initial evidence on American students’ significantly lower performance in global knowledge and attitude, and confirmed the proposed pedagogical intervention as an easy‐to‐use and effective supplement to develop student global competence.
“Here No Poop”: The Dangers and Prospects of Intersubjective Relations in Amerindian Political Economies of Life
Authors: Santos‐Granero Fernando 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAmerindian political economies revolve around life perceived as being the scarcest resource. All living beings compete among themselves to accumulate as much vitality as possible. Generalized predation is countered, however, by an ethic of self‐regulation that ensures a certain balance between species. Through the analysis of personal anecdotes with the Yanesha of Central Peru, I propose that such precarious balance is based on ambiguous intersubjective relations permanently oscillating between predation and friendship as well as between acts of ex‐corporation and in‐corporation.
The Intersubjective Life of Cassava among the Waiwai
Authors: Mentore Laura 
Published: December 2012

SummaryMost accounts of cassava cultivation in Amazonia interpret the indigenous assertion that “plants are persons” at a purely symbolic or metaphoric level. On the basis of my fieldwork with the Waiwai of Southern Guyana, this article offers an alternative interpretation, namely that Waiwai womanhood and cassava can be seen as fractal images and divergent embodied forms of a common intersubjective being, one that is holistically represented in the mythic figure of Cassava Mother. In this interpretive stance, it is argued that womanhood and cassava acquire their meaningful specificity within Waiwai sociality through their aligned capacities, affects, and perspectives, as much as through their differences in scale and form. This foregrounding of modes of alignment and fractal similitude provides an analytic space for considering the embodiment of intersubjectivity across the ontological divide we frequently insist on between “human” and “nonhuman” realms. Waiwai mythic narrative and agricultural practice suggest that, while differences in scale and form are significant, they are often eclipsed by an emphasis on aligned capacities and affective stances that are self‐similar across scales and forms.
Fixed Forms and Fluid Powers: Intersubjective Cosmos and Personhood
Authors: Wright Robin M. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis article presents an outline of a complex and dense “nexus” of meanings inherent to religious power and knowledge in the traditions of theBaniwa, anArawak‐speaking indigenous people of theNorthwestAmazon. It demonstrates howBaniwa cosmology can be understood through the notion of intersubjectivity in which the deities and spirits, the religious specialists, and sacred instruments form an integrated whole. “Matter” and “Spirit” combine and separate in a myriad of ways inBaniwa cosmogony, cosmology, ontology, and eschatology. “Spirit” inhabits all forms, while ancestral “power and knowledge” are transmitted across generations through the living “owners” (or, “keepers”) and “masters” of religious traditions. The vehicles of meaning through which the universe came into being and is reproduced for all times, or can be destroyed by enemy outsiders are homologous in their material forms (bones, elongated tubes, flutes). These forms are infused with powerful, nonmaterial lifeforces (fluids, such as blood, saliva; breath) of the deities and hence of the origins of the cosmos. Ancestral knowledge and power together are critical to creating, reproducing, or destroying the universe; they are embodied and “emplaced” throughout theBaniwa sacred geography, as sources of life that are constantly circulating in fluid forms throughout the cosmos, renewed through ceremonial specialists and their sacred instruments. The notion of cosmic intersubjectivity allows us to understand how the whole universe is considered to be a living being, materialized through a variety of sacred instruments.
Happy with the Enemy: Kinship, Pacification, and Corporeal Transformations in Trio Beer Feasts, Northeastern Amazonia
Authors: Grotti Vanessa Elisa 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis article is based on fieldwork among a Central Carib people known as the Trio, who have for the past 40 years lived alongside their former enemies in large sedentary villages in southern Suriname. The article analyses the relations that have been established and nurtured between people, particularly those of distant affines, at times of communal celebrations such as beer feasts, with a particular focus on intersubjectivity. As the frequency and magnitude of these beer‐drinking feasts seems to be on the rise in the whole region, I examine the relationship that exists between sedentarization, conversion to Christianity, and the long‐term process of peaceful engagement with enemies, which together make for contemporary Trio sociality, particularly at the times of communal feasts.
“My Heart Can't Do What It Wants”: Sadness and Learned Empathy in a Nahua Community
Authors: Raby Dominique 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIn this article, I draw on my experience as a friend and (honorary) daughter in a Nahua community in Guerrero, Mexico, to show how emotions and empathy between “informants” and the “anthropologist” were central to my work. Through examples involving sadness, I suggest that “learned empathy,” or the embodiment of a new emotional arrangement during long‐term fieldwork, allows for a better understanding of some native conceptions. In addition, I introduce the concept of “emotionally contextualized discourse,” where affects are intensely expressed and complement the verbal message in a way that is consistent with indigenous communicative modes. I conclude that attention to these emotional components during fieldwork makes possible a more humanistic, dialogical research process.
The Ethnographer as Apprentice: Embodying Sociomusical Knowledge in South India
Authors: Weidman Amanda 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis article focuses on the social significance and the cultural politics of the body‐sensorial knowledge acquired through learning music. It considers music as a means for producing particular kinds of embodied subjects, as a repetitive practice and a mode of discipline that inculcates and hones gendered and classed sensibilities. These ideas are elaborated in reflection on the author's experience of learning South Indian classical (Karnatic) music through apprenticeship, multiple pedagogical encounters, and learning to appreciate music in the company of others.
Selecting traits that explain species–environment relationships: a generalized linear mixed model approach
Authors: Jamil Tahira , Ozinga Wim A. , Kleyer Michael , ter Braak Cajo J.F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuestionQuantification of the effect of species traits on the assembly of communities is challenging from a statistical point of view. A key question is how species occurrence and abundance can be explained by the trait values of the species and the environmental values at the sites.MethodsUsing a sites × species abundance table, a site × environment data table and a species × trait data table, we address the above question using a novel generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approach. TheGLMMovercomes problems of pseudo‐replication and heteroscedastic variance by including sites and species as random factors. The method is equally applicable to presence–absence data as to count and multinomial data. We present a tiered forward selection approach for obtaining a parsimonious model and compare the results with alternative methods (the fourth corner method andRLQordination).ResultsWe illustrate the approach on a presence–absence version on two data sets. In theDuneMeadow data, species presence is parsimoniously explained by moisture and manure on the meadows in combination with seed mass and specific leaf area (SLA). In theGrazedGrassland data, species presence is parsimoniously explained by the grazing intensity and soil phosphorus in combination with theC:Nratio and flowering mode.ConclusionsOurGLMMapproach can be used to identify which species traits and environmental variables best explain the species distribution, and which traits are significantly correlated with environmental variables. We argue that the method is better suited for providing an interpretable and predictive model than the fourth corner method andRLQ.
A study on the eruption timing of permanent dentition in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Moslemi Masoumeh , Vejdani Javaneh , Sadrabad Zahra Khalili , Shadkar Mohammad Mostafa 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to determine the average eruption time and sequence of permanent teeth in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare the results with the established norms for Iranian subjects.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprised of 207 individuals with CP, 96 boys and 111 girls, ranging from 6 to 19 years. The average age at eruption of permanent teeth, excluding third molars, was given as the mean (±SD) and median in years for each gender. A table of percentiles of the eruption time was also determined. Comparisons were made using t‐test at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe sequence of eruption in children with CP was almost similar to the normal. With the exception of the second premolar and the second molar, tooth eruption was advanced in girls compared with boys. There was no difference between the left and right sides of each arch. Mandibular teeth had an earlier eruption time than maxillary teeth except for the second premolar. In general, eruption times of children with CP were later (1–33 months) than those reported previously for healthy children.ConclusionsDespite the almost similar sequence of eruption, a high tendency to delayed eruption of permanent dentition was observed in children with CP.
Phylogenetic relationships of Salvia (Lamiaceae) in China: Evidence from DNA sequence datasets
Authors: LI Qian‐Quan , LI Min‐Hui , YUAN Qing‐Jun , CUI Zhan‐Hu , HUANG Lu‐Qi , XIAO Pei‐Gen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWith 84 native species, China is a center of distribution of the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae). These species are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces (southwestern China), notably the Hengduan Mountain region. Traditionally, the Chinese Salvia has been classified into four subgenera, Salvia, Sclarea, Jungia, and Allagospadonopsis. We tested this classification using molecular phylogenetic analysis of 43 species of Salvia from China, six from Japan, and four introduced species. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and three chloroplast regions (rbcL, matK, and trnH‐psbA) were analyzed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Our results showed that the Chinese (except Salvia deserta) and Japanese Salvia species formed a well‐supported clade; S. deserta from Xinjiang grouped with Salvia officinalis of Europe. In addition, all introduced Salvia species in China were relatively distantly related to the native Chinese Salvia. Our results differed from the subgeneric and section classifications in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. We suggested that sections Eusphace and Pleiphace should be united in a new subgenus and that sect. Notiosphace should be removed from subg. Sclarea and form a new subgenus. Our data could not distinguish a boundary between subg. Allagospadonopsis and sect. Drymosphace (subg. Sclarea); the latter should be reduced into the former. Further clarification of the phylogenetic relationships within Salvia and between Salvia and related genera will require broader taxonomic sampling and more molecular markers.
Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: Contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris
Authors: SCHNEIDER Harald , HE Li‐Juan , MARQUARDT Jeannine , WANG Li , HEINRICHS Jochen , HENNEQUIN Sabine , ZHANG Xian‐Chun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe origin of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient has been studied using various approaches. Here, we employ a comparative phylogenetic approach to infer evidence for the hypothesis that differences in diversification rates are one of the main factors contributing to the assembly of this gradient. We infer the phylogeny of the two sister genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris. The two genera are distinct in their species richness (4 vs. 20 spp.) and their preferences to temperate to subtropical (Phegopteris) or tropical climates (Pseudophegopteris). Using sequences of three plastid DNA regions, we confirm the monophyly of each genus and infer the inter‐ and intra‐generic phylogenetic differentiation of the sister clades. We recover evidence for distinct net‐diversification rate between the two genera, which may be caused either by a higher extinction risk of temperate Phegopteris or a higher speciation rate of tropical Pseudophegopteris. We discuss our results in the context of our current knowledge on the speciation processes of ferns. We conclude on the crucial influence of other factors such as the rise of the Himalaya on the diversification of these ferns.
The unbearable uncertainty of Bayesian divergence time estimation
Authors: DOS REIS Mario , YANG Ziheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDivergence time estimation using molecular sequence data relying on uncertain fossil calibrations is an unconventional statistical estimation problem. As the sequence data provide information about the distances only, estimation of absolute times and rates has to rely on information in the prior, so that the model is only semi‐identifiable. In this paper, we use a combination of mathematical analysis, computer simulation, and real data analysis to examine the uncertainty in posterior time estimates when the amount of sequence data increases. The analysis extends the infinite‐sites theory of Yang and Rannala, which predicts the posterior distribution of divergence times and rate when the amount of data approaches infinity. We found that the posterior credibility interval in general decreases and reaches a non‐zero limit when the data size increases. However, for the node with the most precise fossil calibration (as measured by the interval width divided by the mid value), sequence data do not really make the time estimate any more precise. We propose a finite‐sites theory which predicts that the square of the posterior interval width approaches its infinite‐data limit at the rate 1/n, where n is the sequence length. We suggest a procedure to partition the uncertainty of posterior time estimates into that due to uncertainties in fossil calibrations and that due to sampling errors in the sequence data. We evaluate the impact of conflicting fossil calibrations on posterior time estimation and point out that narrow credibility intervals or overly precise time estimates can be produced by conflicting or erroneous fossil calibrations.
Horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes
Authors: HUANG Jinling , YUE Jipei 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) may not only create genome mosaicism, but also introduce evolutionary novelties to recipient organisms. HGT in plastid genomes, though relatively rare, still exists. HGT‐derived genes are particularly common in unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes and they also occur in multicellular plants. In particular, ancient HGT events occurring during the early evolution of primary photosynthetic eukaryotes were probably frequent. There is clear evidence that anciently acquired genes played an important role in the establishment of primary plastids and in the transition of plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Although algal genes have often been used to infer historical plastids in plastid‐lacking eukaryotes, reliable approaches are needed to distinguish endosymbionts‐derived genes from those independently acquired from preferential feeding or other activities.
A randomized, double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐controlled comparative clinical trial of arginine aspartate plus adenosine monophosphate for the intermittent treatment of male erectile dysfunction
Authors: Neuzillet Y. , Hupertan V. , Cour F. , Botto H. , Lebret T. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryEfficacy and safety of l‐arginine aspartate 8 g combined with 200 mg of adenosine monophosphate (AA) with placebo (PL) alone for intermittent treatment of mild‐to‐moderate erectile dysfunction (ED) were compared. The study design was a double‐blind, PL‐controlled, two‐way crossover randomized clinical trial with 26 patients. Efficacy was assessed by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and two additional validated questionnaires [the Erection Hardness Score (EHS) and the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS). During each crossover period, separated by a 2‐week wash‐out period, drugs were administered orally, 1–2 h before sexual intercourse. Primary endpoint was a change in the IIEF. Secondary endpoints were patient and investigator assessments of treatment success. Investigators’ and patients’ assessment of efficacy was significantly improved by the combination vs. PL (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04 respectively]. EHS and EDITS questionnaires were both improved by the combination (p = 0.015 and p = 0.017 respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of tolerance between AA and PL or severe adverse events. ED patients demonstrated significant improvements in all IIEF domains with the exception of the Sexual Desire and Orgasmic Domains when treated with AA compared with PL. This pilot phase II study showed that the on‐demand oral administration at a high dosage of l‐arginine aspartate–adenosine monophosphate combination may be effective in patients with mild‐to‐moderate ED, is very well tolerated and could be tested as a safe first‐line therapy in a larger size phase III study.
Tourism, Food, and Culture: Community‐Based Tourism, Local Food, and Community Development inMpondoland
Authors: Giampiccoli Andrea , Kalis Janet Hayward 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTourism is often seen as a tool for poverty alleviation and community development. This article highlights community‐based tourism as a possible strategy for the development of poor communities. It further investigates how specific cultural contexts––in this case, that of ruralMpondoland,SouthAfrica––can contribute to positive community‐based tourism development outcomes. In this sense, the local culture is not seen as a tourist attraction but as a resource on which community‐based tourism development can be built. The article locates community‐based tourism within a more general strategy of diversifying rural livelihoods. Poor households in rural areas meet their needs through a combination of livelihood strategies and community‐based tourism is seen as an additional means to meet household needs. In addition, local culture becomes a tourism resource using indigenous foods, arts, and crafts as tourism attractions. Food is one example of a local cultural resource that has the potential to facilitate a number of community benefits.
Drug Crops and Food Security: The Effects of Khat on Lives and Livelihoods in Northern Madagascar
Authors: Gezon Lisa L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKhat is a bushy plant whose leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect. Although khat has been a boon to the local economy, a suspected disadvantage is that there has been a decrease of land dedicated to rice and vegetable crops. Concerns about khat stem from genuine issues of food security but also from a moral panic targeted at this recreational drug crop. The major finding is that a decrease in vegetable production has not been primarily caused by khat but instead by a decline in the market for vegetables and decayed local infrastructure supporting vegetable production and transport. We also found that most farmers prefer to grow food crops alongside their khat, and many grow khat on marginal lands. Furthermore, khat helps many individual farmers increase food security because of the income it provides. The general significance is to point out that drug crops have a unique place in discussions of food security because of both the high amount that buyers are willing to pay and because of public condemnation of recreational drugs.
Playing Politics with Yams: Food Security in the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: MacCarthy Michelle 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFood insecurity is a significant socioeconomic problem, particularly in developing countries where most households operate at the subsistence level. In the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea, where the fame that comes with being a skilled gardener who annually produces an enviable pile of yams, and where the series of exchanges that ensue are of the utmost social importance, current trends of reduced soil fertility and crop yields threaten not only to compromise food security but also to rend the very fabric of Trobriand social order and identity. While the magnitude of the problem may well be inflated as a tool for political playmaking, the results of a (real or perceived) “food security crisis” in the Trobriand Islands has significant implications for local leadership, exchange obligations, and sense of self.
Who Participates in Mexico's Program for Migrant Agricultural Workers? Explaining the Distribution of Sending Communities in Ahuacuotzingo, Guerrero
Authors: Yaworsky William , Kickham Kenneth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper examines participation of residents from the Montaña Baja region of central Guerrero, Mexico, in the Mexican government's seasonal migrant laborer assistance program. The program has many functions, most notably serving as the hub linking migrant workers with agribusinesses elsewhere in Mexico. An archive of regional registrants for the 1999–2000 agricultural season is analyzed to infer patterns of local labor mobilization. We test the hypotheses that residents from larger communities and communities alongside roads are more likely to participate and we offer an explanation for their recruitment. Our explanations draw on understandings of patronage networks and the recruiting strategies of labor contractors. Our findings are significant and provide insight into the impact of clientelist networks on labor mobilization.