bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two improvements to the dynamic wake meandering model: including the effects of atmospheric shear on wake turbulence and incorporating turbulence build‐up in a row of wind turbines
Authors: Keck Rolf‐Erik , de Maré Martin , Churchfield Matthew J. , Lee Sang , Larsen Gunner , Madsen Helge Aagaard 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe dynamic wake meandering (DWM) model is an engineering wake model designed to physically model the wake deficit evolution and the unsteady meandering that occurs in wind turbine wakes. The present study aims at improving two features of the model: The effect of the atmospheric boundary layer shear on the wake deficit evolution by including a strain‐rate contribution in the wake turbulence calculation.The method to account for the increased turbulence at a wake‐affected turbine by basing the wake‐added turbulence directly on the Reynolds stresses of the oncoming wake. This also allows the model to simulate the build‐up of turbulence over a row of turbines in a physically consistent manner.The performance of the modified model is validated against actuator line (AL) model results and field data from the Lillgrund offshore wind farm. Qualitatively, the modified DWM model is in fair agreement with the reference data. A quantitative comparison between the mean flow field of the DWM model with and without the suggested improvements, to that of the AL model, shows that the root‐mean‐square difference in terms of wind speed and turbulence intensity is reduced on the order of 30% and 40%, respectively, by including the proposed corrections for a row of eight turbines. Furthermore, it is found that the root‐mean‐square difference between the AL model and the modified DWM model in terms of wind speed and turbulence intensity does not increase over a row of turbines compared with the root‐mean‐square difference of a single turbine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Development of novel anti-Kv 11.1 antibody-conjugated PEG–TiO2 nanoparticles for targeting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Sette Angelica , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Landoulsi Jessem , Casale Sandra , Haye Bernard , Crociani Olivia , Arcangeli Annarosa 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used in many nanotechnology areas including nanomedicine, where it could be proposed for the photodynamic and sonodynamic cancer therapies. However, TiO2 nanoformulations have been shown to be toxic for living cells. In this article, we report the development of a new delivery system, based on nontoxic TiO2 nanoparticles, further conjugated with a monoclonal antibody against a novel and easily accessible tumor marker, e.g., the Kv 11.1 potassium channel. We synthesized, by simple solvothermal method, dicarboxylic acid-terminated PEG TiO2 nanocrystals (PEG–TiO2 NPs). Anti-Kv 11.1 monoclonal antibodies (Kv 11.1-Mab) were further linked to the terminal carboxylic acid groups. Proper conjugation was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Kv 11.1-Mab-PEG–TiO2 NPs efficiently recognized the specific Kv 11.1 antigen, both in vitro and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, which express the Kv 11.1 channel onto the plasma membrane. Both PEG TiO2 and Kv 11.1-Mab-PEG–TiO2 NPs were not cytotoxic, but only Kv 11.1-Mab-PEG–TiO2 NPs were efficiently internalized into PDAC cells. Data gathered from this study may have further applications for the chemical design of nanostructures to be applied for therapeutic purposes in pancreatic cancer.
Brief report: Teen sexting and psychosocial health
Authors: Temple Jeff R. , Le Vi Donna , van den Berg Patricia , Ling Yan , Paul Jonathan A. , Temple Brian W. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe current study examines whether adolescents who report sexting exhibit more psychosocial health problems, compared to their non‐sexting counterparts. Participants included 937 ethnically diverse male and female adolescents recruited and assessed from multiple high schools in southeast Texas. Measures included self‐report of sexting, impulsivity, alcohol and drug use, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Teen sexting was significantly associated with symptoms of depression, impulsivity, and substance use. When adjusted for prior sexual behavior, age, gender, race/ethnicity, and parent education, sexting was only related to impulsivity and substance use. While teen sexting appears to correlate with impulsive and high‐risk behaviors (substance use), we did not find sexting to be a marker of mental health.
Telephone Quitline Use and Effectiveness Among Young Adults
Authors: Zhang Lei , Malarcher Ann , Bombard Jennifer M. , Rabius Vance 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Although smoking prevalence has declined dramatically among adults in the past 40 years, 19.3% of adults still smoke, including 20.1% of adults aged 18–24 years. Quitlines are effective, population-based interventions that increase successful cessation.Aims: This study aims to describe the characteristics of young adult smokers aged 18–24 years who used telephone cessation counselling for assistance with quitting, to assess self-reported quit rates, and to examine predictors of quitting, compared to older adults.Methods: We examined data from 4,542 young adult smokers aged 18–24 years and 46,094 smokers aged ≥25 years who enrolled in the American Cancer Society's quitline services during 2006–2008.Results: Young adult smokers aged 18–24 years who called quitlines differed slightly from older adults in demographics and tobacco-use behaviours. There were no age-related differences in self-reported seven-day quit rates or 30-day quit rates at the seven-month follow-up. Predictors of quitting were mostly similar for the young adults and the older adults, although the odds of quitting were lower among young adults for living with vs. not living with a smoker.Conclusions: Although young adult smokers under-utilise telephone cessation quitlines for assistance with quitting, those who do use these services have quit rates similar to older adults.
THE DYNAMICS OF PRIVATE FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS: A CASE STUDY ON THE REGULATORY DIFFUSION OF GLOBALG.A.P.
Authors: Naiki Yoshiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe emergence and importance of private standards in contemporary regulatory governance have been the subject of extensive debate. Recent studies have attempted to explore several dimensions of private regulation, such as its growth or effectiveness. By contrast, this article focuses on the regulatory diffusion of private standards. There has been a broad range of literature on diffusion and reception of norms—for instance, the scholarship of legal transplants or law's migration addressed how international treaties or foreign national laws were received in States. However, norm exportation and importation does not only occur between States; this article focuses on regulatory diffusion between private actors. To do so, it examines the case of GLOBALG.A.P., a private food safety scheme started in Europe that has influenced private standard initiatives beyond Europe. This article concludes by emphasizing that successful regulatory diffusion requires taking local contexts into account and preserving diversity.
Using spatial simulations of habitat modification for adaptive management of protected areas: Mediterranean grassland modification by woody plant encroachment
Authors: MAIROTA PAOLA , LERONNI VINCENZO , XI WEIMIN , MLADENOFF DAVID J. , NAGENDRA HARINI 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYSpatial simulation may be used to model the potential effects of current biodiversity approaches on future habitat modification under differing climate change scenarios. To illustrate the approach, spatial simulation models, including landscape-level forest dynamics, were developed for a semi-natural grassland of conservation concern in a southern Italian protected area, which was exposed to woody vegetation encroachment. A forest landscape dynamics simulator (LANDIS-II) under conditions of climate change, current fire and alternative management regimes was used to develop scenario maps. Landscape pattern metrics provided data on fragmentation and habitat quality degradation, and quantified the spatial spread of different tree species within grassland habitats. The models indicated that approximately one-third of the grassland area would be impacted by loss, fragmentation and degradation in the next 150 years. Differing forest management regimes appear to influence the type of encroaching species and the density of encroaching vegetation. Habitat modifications are likely to affect species distribution and interactions, as well as local ecosystem functioning, leading to changes in estimated conservation value. A site-scale conservation strategy based on feasible integrated fire and forest management options is proposed, considering the debate on the effectiveness of protected areas for the conservation of ecosystem services in a changing climate. This needs to be tested through further modelling and scenario analysis, which would benefit from the enhancement of current modelling capabilities of LANDIS-II and from combination with remote sensing technologies, to provide early signals of environmental shifts both within and outside protected areas.
Neglect of a neighbourhood: oral accounts of life in ‘old Beijing’ since the eve of the People's Republic
Authors: EVANS HARRIET 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOral accounts of life over seven decades in Dashalanr, a popular neighbourhood in central Beijing, reveal a social world that despite being shaped by the state's policies of social and political classification, housing and employment, has been resistant to complete appropriation by them. Based on research in the neighbourhood since 2005, and drawing on Xuanwu District archives, this article examines local residents’ accounts of long decades of hardship and neglect. With an analytical framework that links gender with temporality, place and space, it suggests ways in which their singular experiences can be read as historical narrative.
Epidemic Gasoline Exposures Following Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Kim Hong K. , Takematsu Mai , Biary Rana , Williams Nicholas , Hoffman Robert S. , Smith Silas W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionMajor adverse climatic events (MACEs) in heavily-populated areas can inflict severe damage to infrastructure, disrupting essential municipal and commercial services. Compromised health care delivery systems and limited utilities such as electricity, heating, potable water, sanitation, and housing, place populations in disaster areas at risk of toxic exposures. Hurricane Sandy made landfall on October 29, 2012 and caused severe infrastructure damage in heavily-populated areas. The prolonged electrical outage and damage to oil refineries caused a gasoline shortage and rationing unseen in the USA since the 1970s. This study explored gasoline exposures and clinical outcomes in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.MethodsProspectively collected, regional poison control center (PCC) data regarding gasoline exposure cases from October 29, 2012 (hurricane landfall) through November 28, 2012 were reviewed and compared to the previous four years. The trends of gasoline exposures, exposure type, severity of clinical outcome, and hospital referral rates were assessed.ResultsTwo-hundred and eighty-three gasoline exposures were identified, representing an 18 to 283-fold increase over the previous four years. The leading exposure route was siphoning (53.4%). Men comprised 83.0% of exposures; 91.9% were older than 20 years of age. Of 273 home-based calls, 88.7% were managed on site. Asymptomatic exposures occurred in 61.5% of the cases. However, minor and moderate toxic effects occurred in 12.4% and 3.5% of cases, respectively. Gastrointestinal (24.4%) and pulmonary (8.4%) symptoms predominated. No major outcomes or deaths were reported.ConclusionsHurricane Sandy significantly increased gasoline exposures. While the majority of exposures were managed at home with minimum clinical toxicity, some patients experienced more severe symptoms. Disaster plans should incorporate public health messaging and regional PCCs for public health promotion and toxicological surveillance.KimH,TakematsuM,BiaryR,WilliamsN,HoffmanR,SmithS.Epidemic gasoline exposures following Hurricane Sandy.Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(6):1-6.
Persistent Cognitive Changes in Breast Cancer Patients 1 Year Following Completion of Chemotherapy
Authors: Collins Barbara , MacKenzie Joyce , Tasca Giorgio A. , Scherling Carole , Smith Andra 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that there are acute cognitive side-effects of chemotherapy for breast cancer. Presumably, patients are more concerned about chronic treatment effects. This report from a prospective longitudinal study compares cognitive functioning in 56 breast cancer patients 1 year after chemotherapy to that of 56 healthy individuals. Neuropsychological test scores were combined into verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, and processing speed scores, as well as an overall summary score, and analyzed using multi-level growth modeling. Frequency of cognitive decline was assessed using regression-based change scores. There was significant rebound in the overall summary score from end of treatment to 1-year follow-up as well as a substantial reduction in the frequency of cognitive decline. However, more than one-third of the breast cancer patients who showed cognitive decline immediately following completion of chemotherapy showed persistent cognitive decline 1 year later. Furthermore, recovery was not seen in all cognitive domains. In fact, the rebound was significant only for working memory. Longer multi-site studies are recommended to explore the risk factors for and the permanence of these longer-term cognitive effects. (JINS, 2013, 20, 1–10)
Growth faltering and recovery in children aged 1–8 years in four low- and middle-income countries: Young Lives
Authors: Lundeen Elizabeth A , Behrman Jere R , Crookston Benjamin T , Dearden Kirk A , Engle Patrice , Georgiadis Andreas , Penny Mary E , Stein Aryeh D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe characterized post-infancy child growth patterns and determined the incidence of becoming stunted and of recovery from stunting.DesignData came from Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty in four low- and middle-income countries.SettingWe analysed length/height measurements for children at ages 1, 5 and 8 years.SubjectsChildren (n 7171) in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam.ResultsMean height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) at age 1 year ranged from −1·51 (Ethiopia) to −1·08 (Vietnam). From age 1 to 5 years, mean HAZ increased by 0·27 in Ethiopia (P < 0·001) and decreased among the other cohorts (range: −0·19 (Peru) to −0·32 (India); all P < 0·001). From 5 to 8 years, mean HAZ increased in all cohorts (range: 0·19 (India) to 0·38 (Peru); all P < 0·001). Prevalence of stunting (HAZ<−2·0) at 1 year ranged from 21 % (Vietnam) to 46 % (Ethiopia). From age 1 to 5 years, stunting prevalence decreased by 15·1 percentage points in Ethiopia (P < 0·001) and increased in the other cohorts (range: 3·0 percentage points (Vietnam) to 5·3 percentage points (India); all P ≤ 0·001). From 5 to 8 years, stunting prevalence decreased in all cohorts (range: 5·0 percentage points (Vietnam) to 12·7 percentage points (Peru); all P < 0·001). The incidence of becoming stunted between ages 1 to 5 years ranged from 11 % (Vietnam) to 22 % (India); between ages 5 to 8 years, it ranged from 3 % (Peru) to 6 % (India and Ethiopia). The incidence of recovery from stunting between ages 1 and 5 years ranged from 27 % (Vietnam) to 53 % (Ethiopia); between ages 5 and 8 years, it ranged from 30 % (India) to 47 % (Ethiopia).ConclusionsWe found substantial recovery from early stunting among children in four low- and middle-income countries.
Comparison of an integrated crop–livestock system with soybean only: Economic and production responses in southern Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos Alberto Oliveira , Bremm Carolina , Anghinoni Ibanor , de Moraes Anibal , Kunrath Taise Robinson , de Faccio Carvalho Paulo César 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn Brazil, as well as globally, land use has been increasingly addressed for environmental impacts and economic improvements. Integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLSs) are a potential strategy to optimize use of land, increase total production and reduce economic risk through diversification. We compared production and economic outcomes of a soybean-only system with ICLS differing in sward management. The study area was managed since 2001 using no-till in southern Brazil. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was rotated with a mixture of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) either for: (i) grazing (ICLS) or (ii) cover crops as cropping system only (CS) with no livestock grazing. Four sward height management methods (10, 20, 30 or 40 cm) were evaluated under put-and-take stocking. Across years, soybean yield (2516±103 kg ha−1) was not affected by treatment, but was affected by year (P<0.001), due to rainfall during crop development. Cattle average daily gain, gain per hectare (GPH) and gross margin were affected by treatments (P<0.001). Average daily gain was lower when pasture was managed at 10 cm than between 20 and 40 cm. With increasing sward height, a gradual reduction in cattle GPH was observed (P<0.05). Overall gross margin was lower in CS than in ICLS. Economic return with ICLS was greatest when sward height management was between 10 and 20 cm. Our study indicates that ICLS could be considered an alternative management strategy that improves economic performance and promotes balanced production in the long term.
Policy credibility and the political economy of reform: the case of Egypt's commodity subsidies
Authors: ROHÁČ DALIBOR 
Published: November 2013

Abstract:How can we account for the persistence of inefficient policies? To answer that question, this paper focuses on the issue of food and energy subsidies in Egypt. In 2012, over 13 percent of Egyptian GDP – roughly one-third of the overall government spending – was allocated to subsidies of prices of consumer goods including fuels and food. This paper offers an explanation of the resilience of commodity subsidies to reform, which relies on the inability of the government to credibly commit to a reform path. As a dictatorship, Egypt had a small number of veto players, making policy reversals easy. When opened to a competitive political process after 2011, Egypt lacked political groups that could make credible promises about policy changes. The paper provides a discussion of how appropriately designed reforms can mitigate the lack of credibility.
Single-molecule resolution of protein structure and interfacial dynamics on biomaterial surfaces
Authors: McLoughlin Sean Yu , Kastantin Mark , Schwartz Daniel K. , Kaar Joel L. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Understanding the effect of near-surface environments on protein conformation is critical in many fields, including biosensing, cell culture, tissue engineering, biocatalysis, and pharmaceutical formulation. However, methods to elucidate both protein structure and interfacial dynamics in heterogeneous near-surface environments are virtually nonexistent. This article describes an approach to characterize changes in protein structure on surfaces using dynamic single-molecule microscopy. Specifically, this approach exploits single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer tracking to elucidate changes in protein structure at the single-molecule level. Using this approach, structural changes in the protein organophosphorus hydrolase were monitored upon adsorption to fused silica in the presence of BSA on a molecule-by-molecule basis. This method, which is widely applicable to virtually any protein, provides the framework for developing surfaces and surface modifications with improved biocompatibility.
Recent approaches in screening methodology for drought resistance.
Authors: Nakhforoosh A. , Adu-Gyamfi J. , Bodner G. , Grausgruber H. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Genetic progress in yield of staple crops is an urgent need in view of population growth. Predicted climate changes due to global warming necessitate that this progress is materialized in environments, which are affected more often by drought. Direct selection for yield under drought conditions is usually hampered by low heritability. Therefore, breeders rely on secondary traits with higher heritabilities to improve drought tolerance in agricultural crops. The present review gives an overview of methods that are applied for screening secondary traits. While for aboveground traits simple, reliable, fast, non-destructive and cost-effective methods that allow a high-throughput phenotyping are available, a bottleneck in drought research methods exists in the root zone, although there is evidence that roots are a key trait for superior drought avoidance. Still only few field screening techniques exist and most root screening is restricted to young plants and artificial growth media that limit inference to field grown adult plants. Spectral methods are identified as promising approach for both above- and belowground measurements and could bridge the gap between high throughput needs of breeding and complexity of plant physiological measurements.
No evidence for shared genetic basis of common variants in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Goris An , van Setten Jessica , Diekstra Frank , Ripke Stephan , Patsopoulos Nikolaos A. , Sawcer Stephen J. ,   The International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, van Es Michael ,   The Australia and New Zealand MS Genetics Consortium, Andersen Peter M. , Melki Judith , Meininger Vincent , Hardiman Orla , Landers John E. , Brown Robert H. , Shatunov Aleksey , Leigh Nigel , Al-Chalabi Ammar , Shaw Christopher E. , Traynor Bryan J. , Chiò Adriano , Restagno Gabriella , Mora Gabriele , Ophoff Roel A. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Van Damme Philip , Compston Alastair , Robberecht Wim , Dubois Bénédicte , van den Berg Leonard H. , De Jager Philip L. , Veldink Jan H. , de Bakker Paul I.W. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have been successful in identifying common variants that influence the susceptibility to complex diseases. From these studies, it has emerged that there is substantial overlap in susceptibility loci between diseases. In line with those findings, we hypothesized that shared genetic pathways may exist between multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While both diseases may have inflammatory and neurodegenerative features, epidemiological studies have indicated an increased co-occurrence within individuals and families. To this purpose, we combined genome-wide data from 4088 MS patients, 3762 ALS patients and 12 030 healthy control individuals in whom 5 440 446 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were successfully genotyped or imputed. We tested these SNPs for the excess association shared between MS and ALS and also explored whether polygenic models of SNPs below genome-wide significance could explain some of the observed trait variance between diseases. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of SNPs as well as polygenic analyses fails to provide evidence in favor of an overlap in genetic susceptibility between MS and ALS. Hence, our findings do not support a shared genetic background of common risk variants in MS and ALS.