bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen Inhibition of Reproductive Neuroendocrine Function in Females and Transgender Males
Authors: Kauffman Alexander S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ovarian function is controlled by pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which in turn are governed by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted from the brain. A fundamental principle of reproductive axis regulation is negative feedback signaling by gonadal sex steroids back to the brain to fine-tune GnRH and gonadotropin secretion. Endogenous negative feedback effects can be mimicked by exogenous steroid treatments, including androgens, in both sexes. Indeed, a growing number of clinical and animal studies indicate that high levels of exogenous androgens, in the typically male physiological range, can inhibit LH secretion in females, as occurs in males. However, the mechanisms by which male-level androgens inhibit GnRH and LH secretion still remain poorly understood, and this knowledge gap is particularly pronounced in transgender men (individuals designated female at birth but identifying as male). Indeed, many transgender men take long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy that mimics male-level testosterone levels. The impact of such gender-affirming testosterone on the reproductive axis, both at the ovarian and neuroendocrine level, is a long-understudied area that still requires further investigation. Importantly, the few concepts of androgen actions in females mostly come from studies of polycystic ovary syndrome, which does not recapitulate a similar androgen milieu or a pathophysiology of inhibited LH secretion as occurs in testosterone-treated transgender men. This review summarizes clinical evidence indicating that exogenous androgens can impair neuroendocrine reproductive function in both female individuals and transgender men and highlights emerging experimental data supporting this in recently developed transgender rodent models.
Prismatic Trust: How Structural and Behavioral Signals in Networks Explain Trust Accumulation
Authors: Soda Giuseppe , Zaheer Aks , Park Michael , McEvily Bill , Subramani Mani 
Published: August 2024

The predominant focus of the organizational literature on trust has been on direct interactions between actors. Whereas this emphasis has solidified our understanding of the dyadic foundations of trust, we know relatively little about the mechanisms of trust creation in network contexts. In this paper, we introduce the network mechanism of prismatic trust to explain why some actors are more trusted than others. Specifically, we posit that networks act as prisms that generate signals of trustworthiness based on not only actors’ positions in the social structure, but also their networking behavior. Moreover, we also theorize that the combination of signals from network structure and behavior amplifies trust accumulation in network actors. We test our predictions using data from an online social trading platform with more than 28,000 traders across 38 weeks. We find that traders who occupy positions of higher status in the network and those who express positive sentiments in the content of their communications (networking behaviors), accumulate more trustors. Furthermore, the positive effects of network status and the expression of positive sentiments on trust accumulation are mutually reinforcing. In sum, we contribute to the organizational literature on trust by proposing the role of a prismatic view in explaining how trust accumulates in network actors as a function of their position in social structure, their networking behavior, and a combination of the two. This paper was accepted by Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, organizations. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02810 .
Shuffling as a Sales Tactic: An Experimental Study of Selling Product Rankings
Authors: Shi Qichao , Dearden James A. , Lai Ernest K. 
Published: August 2024

We investigate the strategic interaction between a product expert and a consumer. The expert publicly commits to a ranking methodology to rank two products with uncertain relative merits; the consumer decides whether to acquire the ranking report to guide her product choice. The expert cares only about selling the report; the consumer derives utility from the product itself and an extra ranking attribute controlled by the expert. Strategic shuffling, in which the expert induces demand for his report by manipulating the uncertainty in product rankings, emerges as an equilibrium phenomenon. When the consumer highly values the top-ranked product, the expert-optimal equilibrium, which features shuffling, diverges from the consumer-optimal equilibrium. Laboratory evidence supports the predictions of the expert-optimal equilibrium. With limited field data because of the proprietary nature of ranking methodologies, our study provides useful alternative evidence on how ranking publishers may adopt methodologies that are not in consumers’ best interests. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Office of the Vice President and Associate Provost for Research and Graduate Studies at Lehigh University [Faculty Research Grant 606975] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Key Project 72033006]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02088 .
Plane mirror-optical path coupling noise in telescope off-axis system dimensional stability measurement
Authors: Luo Jian , Fang SiJun , Zhang Rui , Zhao Kai , Li XinYu , Sun QiCheng , Yan Yong 
Published: August 2024

The dimensional stability of the off-axis optical system affects its optical
performance significantly and may even lead to its failure. Here, we
report a heterodyne interferometry technology to measure the
telescope’s dimensional stability. In this method, the standard plane
mirror, which reflects the measurement laser, is a critical structural
component. Additionally, it is one of the primary sources of the
noise. The study focuses on the impact of the standard plane mirror’s
positional misalignment instability on optical path noise. A
mathematical model was established to depict the effects of mirror
misalignment instability on the optical path, and experiments were
conducted to decouple the noise. The results of the experiment show
that the standard plane mirror introduces approximately 1nm/Hz1/2 at 10 mHz of optical path
noise into the off-axis system, and the dimensional stability of the
off-axis system is about 6.23nm/Hz1/2 at 10 mHz.
Effects of aircraft noise exposure on self-reported health through aircraft noise annoyance: Causal mediation analysis in the DEBATS longitudinal study in France
Authors: KODJI Minon’tsikpo kossi , GIORGIS-ALLEMAND Lise , LAFONT Sylviane , LANOY Émilie , EVRARD Anne-Sophie 
Published: August 2024

Background
Previous studies reported an association between transportation noise and self-reported health status (SRHS). They also suggested a mediating role of noise annoyance using conventional statistical methods. These methods are subject to bias in longitudinal studies with time-dependent exposure, mediator and confounding factors. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of aircraft noise annoyance in the effect of aircraft noise on SRHS using a causal inference approach to address time-dependent variables issues.

Methods
We used data from 881 participants in all three visits in the DEBATS longitudinal study conducted around three French airports. Participants over 18 years of age reported their self-perceived health status, aircraft noise annoyance, and noise sensitivity by completing a questionnaire at three visits in 2013, 2015 and 2017. Noise maps were used to estimate aircraft noise levels outside their homes. Marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting were used to estimate the total effect of aircraft noise levels on SRHS and its decomposition into direct and indirect effect through aircraft noise annoyance.

Results
This study showed a deleterious effect of aircraft noise on SRHS. The odds ratio (OR) corresponding to the total effect and comparing the highest aircraft noise category (≥60 dBA) to the reference category (<50 dBA) was significant (ORpoor/fair_SHRS = 1.25 (95%CI: 1.06 to 2.08)). It also showed no direct effect of aircraft noise levels on SRHS, but an indirect effect through annoyance. This indirect effect increased as aircraft noise levels increased, with a statistically significant OR when comparing the highest noise category (≥60 dBA) to the lowest (<50 dBA) (ORpoor/fair_SHRS = 1.16 (95%CI: 1.03 to 1.52)). Nearly 66% of aircraft noise’s effect on SRHS was mediated by aircraft noise annoyance.

Conclusion
This study supports the deleterious causal effect of aircraft noise on SRHS. The results highlight the important mediating role of aircraft noise annoyance in the causal pathway from exposure to aircraft noise to poor/fair SRHS.
The effect of Montreal’s supervised consumption sites on injection-related infections among people who inject drugs: An interrupted time series
Authors: Lim Jihoon , Panagiotoglou Dimitra 
Published: August 2024

Background
Between June and November 2017, four supervised consumption sites (SCS) began operating in Montreal, Quebec. Earlier studies on SCS focused on examining their effects on blood-borne viral infections and overdose mortality. Our objective was to examine the effect of Montreal’s SCS on the incidence, health service use and outcomes of injection-related infections (IRI) in people who inject drugs.

Methods
We used Quebec’s provincial administrative health data to identify people who inject drugs in Montreal and calculated the incidence of IRI in this population between December 2014 and December 2019. We conducted a retrospective, population-based interrupted time series to estimate the effect of Montreal’s four SCS on the monthly incidence rates of IRI-related hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, physician visits, and mortality. We also examined the effects of SCS on average length of IRI-related hospitalizations and incidence of hospitalizations involving surgery.

Results
The average age of Montreal’s people who inject drugs was 41.84 years, and 66.41% were male. After the implementation of SCS, there was a positive level change in the incidence of hospitalizations (0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26, 1.68) for IRI. There was also a significant post-intervention decline in hospitalization trends (-0.05; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02), with modest trend changes in ED visits (-0.02; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.02). However, post-intervention changes in level (0.72; 95% CI: -3.85, 5.29) and trend (0.06; 95% CI: -0.23, 0.34) for physician visits remained limited. SCS had no effect on the average length of hospitalizations, but there was a decreasing post-intervention trend in hospitalizations involving surgery (-0.03; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.00).

Conclusion
Following the opening of the SCS, there was a moderate decline in the rate of hospitalizations to treat IRI, but the impact of the sites on the rate of physician visits remained limited. These findings suggest that SCS may mitigate the incidence of more serious and complicated IRI over time.
Disparities in outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Ng Ayesha P. , Kim Shineui , Chervu Nikhil , Gao Zihan , Mallick Saad , Benharash Peyman , Lee Hanjoo 
Published: August 2024

Background
Disparities in colorectal cancer screening have been documented among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, surgical outcomes in this population have yet to be studied. The present work aimed to evaluate the association of IDD with outcomes following colorectal cancer resection.

Methods
All adults undergoing resection for colorectal cancer in the 2011–2020 National Inpatient Sample were identified. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were developed to examine the association of IDD with risk factors as well as outcomes including mortality, complications, costs, length of stay (LOS), and non-home discharge. The study is limited by its retrospective nature and did not capture disease staging or time of diagnosis.

Results
Among 722,736 patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection, 2,846 (0.39%) had IDD. Compared to patients without IDD, IDD patients were younger and had a higher burden of comorbidities. IDD status was associated with increased odds of non-elective admission (AOR 1.40 [95% CI 1.14–1.73]) and decreased odds of treatment at high-volume centers (AOR 0.64 [95% CI 0.51–0.81]). Furthermore, IDD patients experienced significantly greater LOS (9 vs 6 days, p<0.001) and hospitalization costs ($23,500 vs $19,800, p<0.001) relative to neurotypical patients. Upon risk adjustment, IDD was significantly associated with 2-fold increased odds of mortality (AOR 2.34 [95% CI 1.48–3.71]), 1.4-fold increase in complications (AOR 1.41 [95% CI 1.15–1.74]), and 6.8-fold increase in non-home discharge (AOR 6.83 [95% CI 5.46–8.56]).

Conclusions
IDD patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection experience increased likelihood of non-elective admission, adverse clinical outcomes, and resource use. Our findings highlight the need for more accessible screening and patient-centered interventions to improve quality of surgical care for this at-risk population.
Association between dietary intake of flavonoid and chronic kidney disease in US adults: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018
Authors: Liu Peijia , Peng Wujian , Hu Feng , Li Guixia 
Published: August 2024

Background
Studies investigating the relationship between flavonoid intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. This study investigated the association between daily flavonoid intake and CKD in US adults by using data for 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2017–2018 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional design and used data from three cycles of the continuous NHANES: 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2017–2018. NHANES researchers collected data related to consumption of various food and beverages from participants by employing 24-h dietary recall questionnaires. CKD is defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of ≥ 30 mg/g.

Results
The odds ratios (OR) for CKD risk in the second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quartiles of total flavonoid intake, compared with that in the first (Q1) quartile, were 0.780 (95% CI: 0.600, 1.015), 0.741 (95% CI: 0.573, 0.957), and 0.716 (95% CI: 0.554, 0.925), respectively (with a P value for the trend of 0.040). According to the restricted cubic spline analysis, total flavonoid intake exhibited a non-linear relationship with CKD risk (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that a potential J-shaped relationship was observed between total flavonoid consumption and CKD risk, with an inflection point at 69.58 mg/d. Our study indicates that a moderate intake of flavonoids may confer renal benefits which may offer novel strategies for CKD treatment.
Development and testing of a deep learning algorithm to detect lung consolidation among children with pneumonia using hand-held ultrasound
Authors: Kessler David , Zhu Meihua , Gregory Cynthia R. , Mehanian Courosh , Avila Jailyn , Avitable Nick , Coneybeare Di , Das Devjani , Dessie Almaz , Kennedy Thomas M. , Rabiner Joni , Malia Laurie , Ng Lorraine , Nye Megan , Vindas Marc , Weimersheimer Peter , Kulhare Sourabh , Millin Rachel , Gregory Kenton , Zheng Xinliang , Horning Matthew P. , Stone Mike , Wang Fen , Lancioni Christina 
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives
Severe pneumonia is the leading cause of death among young children worldwide, disproportionately impacting children who lack access to advanced diagnostic imaging. Here our objectives were to develop and test the accuracy of an artificial intelligence algorithm for detecting features of pulmonary consolidation on point-of-care lung ultrasounds among hospitalized children.

Methods
This was a prospective, multicenter center study conducted at academic Emergency Department and Pediatric inpatient or intensive care units between 2018–2020. Pediatric participants from 18 months to 17 years old with suspicion of lower respiratory tract infection were enrolled. Bedside lung ultrasounds were performed using a Philips handheld Lumify C5-2 transducer and standardized protocol to collect video loops from twelve lung zones, and lung features at both the video and frame levels annotated. Data from both affected and unaffected lung fields were split at the participant level into training, tuning, and holdout sets used to train, tune hyperparameters, and test an algorithm for detection of consolidation features. Data collected from adults with lower respiratory tract disease were added to enrich the training set. Algorithm performance at the video level to detect consolidation on lung ultrasound was determined using reference standard diagnosis of positive or negative pneumonia derived from clinical data.

Results
Data from 107 pediatric participants yielded 117 unique exams and contributed 604 positive and 589 negative videos for consolidation that were utilized for the algorithm development process. Overall accuracy for the model for identification and localization of consolidation was 88.5%, with sensitivity 88%, specificity 89%, positive predictive value 89%, and negative predictive value 87%.

Conclusions
Our algorithm demonstrated high accuracy for identification of consolidation features on pediatric chest ultrasound in children with pneumonia. Automated diagnostic support on an ultraportable point-of-care device has important implications for global health, particularly in austere settings.
Development and validation of a practical score to predict 3-year distant metastatic free survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma incorporating the number of lymph node regions
Authors: Jaruthien Thitiporn , Lertbutsayanukul Chawalit , Jittapiromsak Nutchawan , Sriyook Aniwat , Kulalert Prapasri , Tantiyavarong Pichaya , Kitpanit Sarin , Kannarunimit Danita , Chakkabat Chakkapong , Prayongrat Anussara 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The improvement in diagnosis and treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has shifted the pattern of failure toward distant metastasis. This study aimed to develop a simplified prognostic scoring model to predict distant metastatic free survival (DMFS) for NPC patients.

Materials and methods
Patients with non-metastatic NPC were identified from a retrospective cohort diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. Flexible parametric survival analysis was used to identify potential predictors for DMFS and establish a scoring model. The prognostic accuracy between the 8th AJCC system and the scoring model was compared using Harrell’s C-index.

Results
Of the total 393 patients, the median follow-up time was 85 months. The 3-year DMFS rate was 83.3%. Gender, T-stage, pre-EBV (cut-off 2300 copies/ml), and the number of metastatic lymph node regions were identified as independent risk factors for distant metastasis and were included in the final scoring model. Our established model achieved a high C-index in predicting DMFS (0.79) and was well-calibrated. The score divided patients into two categories: low-risk (score 0–4) and high-risk (score 5–7), corresponding with the predicted 3-year DMFS of 96% and 64.5%, respectively.

Conclusions
A feasible and applicative prognostic score was established and validated to discriminate NPC patients into low- and high-risk groups.
Perception and coping mechanisms of patients with diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Tunji-Adepoju Olajumoke Ololade , Afolabi Bolarinwa Obasanjo , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Balogun Williams O. 
Published: August 2024

Background
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ushered in a period of fear and uncertainty, resulting in structural instability across the globe. Vulnerable individuals, such as patients with diabetes mellitus, are predispose to have adverse effects and complications of COVID-19 when infected. We explored the perception of diabetes mellitus patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and their coping mechanisms at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Methods
We employed an exploratory qualitative study design to explore diabetes mellitus patients’ perceptions and coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 32 participants (2 health professionals and 30 diabetes mellitus patients). In-depth interviews were used to collect the data from the participants. All the recorded audio data were transcribed verbatim and exported to NVivo software for thematic data analyses.

Results
Most diabetes mellitus patients were not fearful of the pandemic but were optimistic that it would not affect their health. Mechanisms such as the usage of herbal medicines and adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures were noticed among patients. The study also revealed that the hospital’s coping mechanism during the COVID-19 pandemic include prolonged appointments, limiting the number of patients attended per clinic day, and the provision of telehealth service. Patients in our study utilised negative coping mechanisms such as reduced drug dosages, subscriptions to cheaper drug brands, and reliance on religious institutions rather than a clinic for health instructions.

Conclusions
The study has shown that diabetes mellitus patients were not fearful of the COVID-19 pandemic. The utilisation of telehealth, encouragement of daily monitoring of sugar levels, provision of avenues for a medication review, and adherence to the safety protocols were coping mechanisms employed by the health system and diabetes mellitus patients. We recommend that the government and other healthcare stakeholders reinforce the resilience of diabetes mellitus patients by alleviating their health burdens during the pandemic. This could be done by subsidizing the prices of drugs, tests, and consultation fees for patients with diabetes mellitus. Also, more efforts should be made to elevate the health system through the reduction in waiting and appointment times in the diabetes clinic and employing more health personnel in the clinic.
Crisis Communication Strategies: Prepare, Respond and Recover Effectively in Unpredictable and Urgent Situations, Amanda Coleman (2023), 2nd ed.
Authors: Maryam Juniarti , Akbar Muh. , Sultan Moehammad Iqbal 
Published: August 2024

Review of: Crisis Communication Strategies: Prepare, Respond and Recover Effectively in Unpredictable and Urgent Situations, Amanda Coleman (2023), 2nd ed.
New York: Kogan Page Inc, 249 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-39860-942-6, e-book, £29.99
Endoscopic Response Reduces the Risk of Subsequent Pouchitis in Patients With Crohn's Disease–Like Pouch Inflammation
Authors: Kayal Maia , Posner Hannah , Jimenez Darwin , Huang Justin , Dubinsky Marla C. , Colombel Jean Frederic 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study was to report the frequency and impact of endoscopic response and remission on the risk of subsequent pouchitis in patients with Crohn's disease–like pouch inflammation (CDLPI) on therapy.

METHODS:
This was a single-center retrospective study of patients older than 18 years with CDLPI on therapy.

RESULTS:
Among 110 included patients with CDLPI in clinical remission, endoscopic remission was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of subsequent pouchitis when compared with endoscopic response.

DISCUSSION:
Endoscopic response, not remission, is sufficient to reduce the risk of subsequent pouchitis in patients with CDLPI.