bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of corrosion resistance of coated steel strips embedded in mortar under chloride exposure
Authors: Ahmad Shamsad , Al-Tholaia Mohammed M. Hussein 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was mainly to select one of the three types of coatings for protection of steel used as reinforcement in composite pipes (thin steel shell covered by cement-mortar) subjected to chloride exposure. To achieve this target, an attempt was made to develop a simple methodology for evaluating the performance of corrosion protection measures in terms of chloride threshold level (CTL) and corrosion initiation time (TI).

Design/methodology/approach
– Bare, epoxy, red oxide and zinc primer-coated steel strips were embedded in cement mortar with sand/cement and water/cement ratios of 2 and 0.5 (by mass), respectively, to prepare the specimens which were exposed to chloride solution having a high concentration of 10 per cent NaCl. For determining the amounts of the water-soluble chloride diffused inside the specimens, powdered samples of mortar were collected from two different depths from the exposed surface of specimens on completion of each of the four different exposure times. The corrosion current densities were determined at two different stages. A step-by-step procedure for calculating CTL and TI using the measured chloride contents and corrosion current densities was established with the help of relevant information available in the literature.

Findings
– Based on the comparison of the values of CTL and TI calculated for bare steel and steel with all three types of coatings, utilizing the experimental data and the proposed calculation procedure, the epoxy-coated steel was found to have the best performance.

Originality/value
– This research has resulted into development of a simple methodology for evaluation of the performance of protective measures against corrosion of steel embedded in mortar or concrete exposed to chloride-bearing environment.
An investigation into dissolution behavior of pre-oxidized Ni-6Al-10Cu-11Fe-15Cr nickel base alloy in molten cryolite
Authors: Tamasgavabari Reza , Jafarzadeh Kurosh , Madanipoor Masumeh , Badri Hassan 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was the investigation of corrosion behaviour of Ni-6Al-10Cu-11Fe-15Cr alloy, as a candidate material for inert anodes in aluminium electrolysis industries.Design/methodology/approach– The samples were prepared by casting, and then were oxidized at 1,000°C for 30, 70 and 100 hours, respectively. To determine corrosion resistant of the samples, they were exposed to molten cryolite at 930°C for 70 hours. Then the surface layers were studied.Findings– Results showed that by extension of corrosion time, thickness of oxide layers increases. In addition, it was found that Al2O3 and Cr2O3 are the major oxide compounds that appear on the surface of the sample.Originality/value– In this paper, the Ni-6Al-10Cu-11Fe-15Cr nickel base alloy has been selected to study its corrosion behaviour in molten cryolite as a candidate for inert anodes. It was found out that by addition Al and Cr into the alloy composition, due to formation of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 following oxidation, the substrate was protected from corrosion attacks.
Political independence, operational impartiality, and the effectiveness of anti-corruption agencies
Authors: Gregory Robert 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between political independence and operational impartiality in regard to the effectiveness of anti-corruption agencies (ACAs). Against this background of western orthodoxy, it asks whether a non-western country with high levels of corruption (Vietnam being an example) can find another pathway in its efforts to effectively combat corruption.Design/methodology/approach– An exercise in qualitative conceptual clarification and theoretical speculation, drawing upon practical examples.Findings– It is argued that it is important to distinguish between de jure andde factopolitical independence, and that neither can be fully understood unless they are considered in relationship to other key values, particularly operational impartiality, public accountability, and systemic legitimacy, and in the context of bureaucratic politics. There is little coherent theoretical knowledge available about the relationships among these variables. Such values are central to western notions of “good government” but are much less institutionalised in non-western jurisdictions with high levels of corruption. The question is raised: can such countries, Vietnam being one example, develop effective anti-corruption strategies which because of the nature of their own political system, cannot depend on political independence for its ACAs?Originality/value– Attention is drawn to some conceptual and putatively theoretical issues relating to the effectiveness of ACAs, and which have received little explicit attention in the relevant academic literature.
Anti-corruption measures the Japanese way: prevention matters
Authors: Oyamada Eiji 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze recent Japanese corruption prevention mechanisms and assess the efforts of the Japanese government in winning public trust.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper discusses public sector corruption in Japan at an institutional level through a study of its features and current status. It then analyzes and evaluates the effectiveness of corruption prevention measures and the public perceptions of these measures. The paper concludes with a discussion on whether such measures can be adopted by other countries.

Findings
– Recent preventive measures in Japan are effective in decreasing corruption opportunities, but not in enhancing the public trust of the government. Major findings are: first, Japan is the only Asian country without a dedicated anti-corruption agency (ACA); second, there is more emphasis on corruption prevention in the anti-corruption measures; third, the government is concerned with initiating measures to prevent the further erosion of public trust when corruption occurs; fourth, while preventive measures such as public disclosure and whistle-blower protection acts are in place, public awareness of their existence is still lacking and the usage of these systems is limited; fifth, more efforts are placed on prevention through the promotion of government transparency and accountability and public sector ethics education rather than penalizing the corrupt offenders; and sixth, though efforts to minimize amakudari practices are made, lack of political will and its sustainability prevents further reform.

Originality/value
– This paper will be useful for scholars, policy-makers, and anti-corruption practitioners interested in learning how Japanese government practices prevent corruption.
Optimizing KBART guidelines to restore perpetual access
Authors: Blanchat Kelly Marie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This case study aims to demonstrate how proactive use of KBART guidelines can assist librarians in the analysis and restoration of journal titles with post-cancellation perpetual access.Design/methodology/approach– After experiencing a 25-per cent decrease in the collection budget, the Queens College Libraries (QCL) faced losing electronic journal content with cancellations to Big Deal licensing agreements. By using tools such as Serials Solutions, Ex Libris SFX and Microsoft Excel, the library was able to optimize KBART guidelines to analyze and restore journal titles under perpetual access licensing clauses. The implemented workflow mirrored the process to create “Big Deal” renewal spreadsheets at Springer Science + Business Media.Findings– By using KBART guidelines to manipulate and analyze data, the library was efficiently able to identify journal titles for perpetual access. Because the resulting data were formatted within KBART guidelines, it could then be transferred to a knowledge base for enhanced content discovery.Practical implications– While there are numerous variations on perpetual access rights across hundreds of vendors, the workflow developed at QCL can be replicated, or altered on a case-by-case basis. By highlighting the work necessary to implement perpetual access clauses, this article makes a case for both standardizing licensing clauses as well as increased vendor adoption of KBART guidelines.Originality/value– This case study examines the workflow of an Electronic Resources librarian with vendor experience, the overlap of concerns between librarians and vendors, and the ways in which to analyze journal holdings without an automated system.
Comparing usage between a Dynamic and a Static e-monograph Collection
Authors: Lamothe Alain R 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present the results from a quantitative analysis comparing usage levels between an e-monograph collection that has experienced continual growth and an e-monograph collection that has not experienced any recent growth whatsoever. The aim of the study was to determine quantitatively if e-monograph collections with dynamic content experience greater levels of usage compared to e-monograph collections that are static in both size and content.Design/methodology/approach– E-monograph data were separated into a Dynamic and a Static Collection. Usage for e-monographs belonging to the Dynamic Collection was compared to usage of e-monographs belonging to the Static Collection. The number of e-monographs was obtained by simple count. Additional statistics tracked include the number of viewings. A linear regression analysis was used to determine the strength of the linear relationship between collection size and usage.Findings– Results indicate that e-monograph collections that continue to grow in both size and content also continue to experience year-to-year increases in usage, whereas e-monograph collections that remain static in size and content experience a decline in usage. A linear regression analysis indicates the existence of a very strong linear relationship that exists between Dynamic Collection size and usage. A weaker linear relationship was calculated for Static Collection size and usage.Originality/value– This research is one of very few studies systematically and quantitatively comparing usage levels between e-monographs from growing collections to collections that have not had any new titles added recently.
Leading by example
Authors: Beech Amy , Kwak Do Won , Tang Kam Ki 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the interdependence between donor countries’ health aid expenditures. The specific form of interdependence considered is the leader effect, whereby an influential country has a positive leverage effect on other donor countries’ aid expenditure. The opposite case of a free-rider effect, whereby a single donor country has a negative leverage effect on its peers, is also considered.Design/methodology/approach– Focusing on the identification of the leader effect avoids the estimation bias present in the identification of the peer group effect, due to endogenous social effect. The empirical analysis focuses on Development Assistance for Health provided by 20 OECD countries over the period of 1990-2009. Aid commitment and aid disbursement are distinguished.Findings– When aid dynamics, country heterogeneity, and endogeneity are accounted for, there is no evidence that the biggest donor – the USA, or the most generous donors – Norway and Sweden, exhibit any leverage effects on other donor countries’ aid expenditures.Originality/value– This is the first paper to examine the leader and free-rider effects in health aid provision as previous studies focus on peer effects. Any evidence of leader or free-rider effects (or the lack of it) adds to the understanding of international political economy especially in the area of foreign aid provision.
Financial development and income inequality in India: an application of ARDL approach
Authors: Sehrawat Madhu , Giri A K 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development and income inequality in India using annual data from 1982-2012.Design/methodology/approach– Stationarity properties of the series are checked by using ADF, DF-GLS, KPSS and Ng- Perron unit root tests. The paper applied the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to co-integration to examine the existence of long run relationship; and error correction mechanism for the short run dynamics.Findings– The co-integration test confirms a long run relationship between financial development and income inequality for India. The ARDL test results suggest that financial development, economic growth, inflation aggravates the income inequality in both long run and short run. However, trade openness reduces the gap between rich and poor in India.Research limitations/implications– The present recommend for appropriate economic and financial reforms focussing on financial inclusion to reduce income inequality in India.Originality/value– Till date, there is hardly any study that makes a clear comparison between market-based indicator and bank based indicator of financial development in India and those examining the relationship between finance and income inequality nexus. Further there is hardly any study to include gini coefficient as a proxy for inequality for India and apply ARDL techniques of co-integration, using the basic principles of GJ hypothesis and provide short run and long run dynamics for India. So the contribution of the paper is to fill these research gaps.
Optimizing the environmental attitudes inventory
Authors: Sutton Stephen G. , Gyuris Emma 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to optimize the Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI) and second, to establish a baseline of the difference in environmental attitudes between first and final year students, taken at the start of a university’s declaration of commitment to EfS.

Design/methodology/approach
– The psychometrically designed EAI was used to overcome the problems and limitations of the much-used, but controversial, revised New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale. The performance of the original 72-item EAI was compared with our 37-item reduced form using a population of first- and final-year university students.

Findings
– The reduced 37-item EAI provides a reliable and valid tool for investigating structured, multi-dimensional environmental attitudes of university students while reducing response burden and increasing response and completion rates compared with the longer versions of the EAI.

Research limitations/implications
– No attempt is made to link elements of the university experience with changes in attitude between first- and third-year students. The authors expect the 12-faceted EAI to provide more detailed feedback on the affective outcomes of EfS initiatives than currently used instruments.

Originality/value
– This research contributes to establishing the EAI as a gold standard with which to monitor students’ environmental attitudes. Although most studies aimed at understanding the impact of EfS measure attitude change over relatively short periods of time – typically using the brief NEP scale administered immediately before and after a specific semester course – the approach developed here is designed to detect attitudinal change that may be ascribed to the entire university experience between students’ first and final year.
The future we want
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Manolas Evangelos , Pace Paul 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to provide a description of the achievements of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014) with a focus on higher education, and it describes some of the key issues which will guide sustainable development in the coming years.Design/methodology/approach– The paper initially presents an analysis of past developments, complemented by an assessment of the emphasis on sustainable development by theInternational Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. In particular, it makes cross-references to the deliberations held at the UN Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2012, with a special emphasis to the document “The Future we Want”. It concludes by listing a set of suggestions and measures that both industrialised and developing countries may consider to translate the principles of sustainable development into reality.Findings– Sustainable development is and will continue to be a matter of substantial international interest and concern. The developments achieved over the past 20 years have been substantial, but there are still many gaps and need which need to be met, so as to improve its prospects in the next two decades.Originality/value– The paper provides useful insights which allow a better understanding of the role of universities in fostering sustainable development, and some of the key issues need to be considered, so as to allow things to move in the right direction.
Reallocating the 700 MHz band: should we do it?
Authors: Delgado Juan 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the discussion of the so-called “second digital dividend”, aimed to respond to the increasing demand for mobile broadband and the need to harmonize spectrum use across the world. This paper evaluates the uncertainties of this decision and the risk of assigning too much spectrum and too early to MBB at a high cost leading to an inefficient outcome.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper analyses the trade-offs involved in the reallocation of the 700-MHz band and proposes several measures to guarantee that any further reallocation of the spectrum leads to an increase in global efficiency.

Findings
– The decision to reallocate the 700 MHz band should not be adopted until policy-makers are able to guarantee that it will lead to an efficient outcome. The reallocation of the 700-MHz band requires some preliminary steps to guarantee such efficient outcome. Those preliminary policy steps should be directed to analyze the efficiency of the current use of the spectrum and enlarge the scope of policy options by freeing the currently underutilized parts of the spectrum, exploring new technologies and allowing a better spectrum management through market solutions.

Originality/value
– This paper sets a framework for the evaluation of the so-called second digital dividend which differs from the evaluation of the first digital dividend. Additional cost and benefits are discussed which were not present in the first digital dividend, and that will affect the final allocation of the spectrum.
Analyzing the development of 4th generation mobile network in China: actor network theory perspective
Authors: Shim Yongwoon , Shin Dong-Hee 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the process of standards setting based on the case of long-term evolution time division duplex (LTE TDD) deployment in China.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using actor-network theory (ANT) as a theoretical framework, multi-level analyses are presented to explain the process of adoption of LTE TDD at a global level.

Findings
– Findings identified the complex interaction between the social and technical aspects of fourth-generation (4G) by highlighting the co-evolving nature, diversity and interface that constitute the next-generation network environment.

Research limitations/implications
– ANT provides a framework of ideas for describing the process of technology adoption and for developing stories that explain it.

Originality/value
– The findings shed light on a critical insight of the interrelationships between TD-SCDMA and LTE TDD and identify the policy successes and failures of 4G mobile networks.
The prevalence of ethnocentric tendencies in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Tamgid Ahmed 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to argue that the traditional belief that “consumer ethnocentrism is a phenomenon of the developed countries only” is no longer true. To establish this argument, our study assesses the applicability of the Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies Scale (CETSCALE) in Bangladesh by judging the unidimensionality feature of the same.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology is based on sample of 788 respondents collected from 27 border and non-border districts of Bangladesh.

Findings
– Statistically significant results show that for the consumers of border and non-border districts, the original CETSCALE is, to a great extent, applicable as those groups have shown positive attitudes in retaining 12-14 items out of the 17 items of the original scale. However, the groups and the respondents as a whole did not agree with the unidimensionality feature of the CETSCALE.

Practical implications
– The results of the study show that Bangladeshi consumers prefer to see “Made in Bangladesh” tags when buying consumer products – a significant potential threat that the multinational companies need to address while planning to expand business in Bangladesh.

Originality/value
– This type of rigorous study on Bangladesh has never been done before. Moreover, the study identifies the difference in ethnocentric behavior of the consumers living in border and non-border areas – a study of ethnocentrism from a different point of view.
The impact of transformational leadership on employee creativity: the role of learning orientation
Authors: Jyoti Jeevan , Dev Manisha 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This research aims to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity. In addition, we intend to study the moderating role played by learning orientation in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity.Design/methodology/approach– Data have been collected from employees working at the Airtel and Aircel call centers of J&K (India). A two-step approach to structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the proposed measurement model fit and construct validity. The structural model was generated to test the significance of the theoretical relationships.Findings– The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity, and it is being moderated by learning orientation.Research limitations/implications– Although this study expands our knowledge about the role of learning orientation between transformational leadership and employee creativity, the prospects for further research are still present. The cross-sectional design of study might not have been able to extract the true essence of the cause-and-effect relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity.Practical implications– Transformational leaders promote followers’ creativity, so the management may find it valuable to invest in transformational leadership training for supervisors and team leaders, or use personality testing to screen for high-caliber candidates, who have high potential of becoming a transformational leader. The characteristics of a transformational leader, when coupled with the learning orientation of employees, yield positive results in the form of employee creativity, which managers can use to generate sustainable competitive advantages for their organizations.Originality/value– This paper is original, as it contributes to existing theory by establishing the moderating role played by learning orientation in between transformational leadership and employee creativity. The moderation has been proved via SEM with the help of latent constructs, which is seldom done.