bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with ulcerative colitis from diverse populations: The Leicester experience
Authors: Farrukh Affifa , Mayberry John 
Published: June 2015

Background Ulcerative colitis is common in migrant communities. There is evidence that access to care in general is impaired among such communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether South Asians experienced the same quality of care as English patients with ulcerative colitis. Method The study assessed clinical care in the decade subsequent to diagnosis through a retrospective review of case notes. Newly diagnosed patients who lived in Leicester were identified and the frequency and type of consultation, in-patient admissions, surveillance colonoscopies, discharge rates, surgery and death were recorded. Results Of 372 candidate cases identified, 70 met the criteria to be included in the study. Forty-two were of English origin and 28 South Asian. South Asian patients were significantly less likely to see a consultant and more likely to be discharged. South Asian patients were admitted to hospital more often but had significantly fewer tests than European patients. This trend was also seen in surveillance colonoscopy, although it did not reach significance. Despite these differences in the provision of care, surgical and death rates were comparable. Conclusions Patients with ulcerative colitis who are of South Asian origin receive poorer quality clinical care than their European counterparts.
Endobronchial intubation in thoracic surgery: Which side should be preferred?
Authors: Kaplan Tevfik , Ekmekçi Perihan , Kazbek Baturay Kansu , Ogan Nalan , Alhan Aslıhan , Koçer Bulent , Han Serdar , Tüzüner Filiz 
Published: June 2015

Aim This study was undertaken to compare the clinical performance of right versus left double-lumen endotracheal tubes placed without using fiberoptic bronchoscopy in thoracic surgery operations. Methods This was a retrospective review of patients who were operated on in our institution between January 2013 and February 2014. We analyzed clinical performance in terms of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and adequate deflation of the lungs with both left- and right-sided double-lumen endotracheal tubes. Results There were 80 patients with a mean age of 53.74 ± 15.59 years. Right-sided double-lumen tubes were used in 33 patients, and left-sided double-lumen tubes were used in 47. Perioperative hypoxi ( p < 0.05), hypercapnia ( p < 0.01), and inadequate deflation of the lung ( p < 0.001) were found more frequently with the use of right-sided double-lumen endotracheal tubes. Arterial blood gas analyses in the post-anesthesia care unit showed that high pCO2 (>45 mm Hg), low pH (<7.36), and high lactate levels (>4 mmol L−1) were more frequent with right-sided double-lumen endotracheal tubes ( p < 0.001). The incidence of atelectasis was greater ( p < 0.001) and the duration of hospital stay was longer ( p = 0.02) with the use of right-sided double-lumen endotracheal tubes. Conclusion Right-sided double-lumen endotracheal tubes resulted in poorer clinical performance. Therefore, a left-sided double-lumen endotracheal tube should be preferred in thoracic surgery operations when an appropriate size of fiberoptic bronchoscope is not available.
The Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State for the Modified Harris Hip Score and Hip Outcome Score Among Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Chahal Jaskarndip , Van Thiel Geoffrey S. , Mather Richard C. , Lee Simon , Song Sang Hoon , Davis Aileen M. , Salata Michael , Nho Shane J. 
Published: June 2015

Background: There is minimal information available on the threshold at which patients consider themselves to be well for patient-reported outcome measures used in patients treated with hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Purpose: To determine the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) in patients with FAI treated with arthroscopic hip surgery. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A consecutive series of patients at a single institution with FAI who were treated with arthroscopic labral surgery, acetabular rim trimming, and femoral osteochondroplasty were eligible. The mHHS (score range, 0-100) and the HOS (score range, 0-100) were administered at baseline and at 12 months postoperatively. An external anchor question at 1 year postoperatively was utilized to determine PASS values: “Taking into account all the activities you have during your daily life, your level of pain, and also your functional impairment, do you consider that your current state is satisfactory?” Results: There were 130 patients (mean ± SD age, 35.6 ± 11.7 years), and 42.3% were male. Based on a receiver operator curve analysis, the PASS values—at which patients considered their status to be satisfactory—at 1 year after surgery were 74 (mHHS), 87 (HOS–activities of daily living subscale), and 75 (HOS–sports subscale). The PASS threshold was not affected by baseline scores across different instruments. However, patients with higher baseline scores were more likely to achieve the PASS (odds ratios: 3.36 [mHHS], 3.83 [HOS–activities of daily living], 3.38 [HOS-sports]). Age and sex were not significantly related to the odds of achieving the PASS for the mHHS or the HOS. Conclusion: This is the first study to determine the PASS for 2 commonly used hip joint patient-reported outcome measures in patients undergoing surgery for FAI. The study findings can allow researchers to determine if interventions related to FAI are meaningful to patients at the individual level across various domains and will also be useful for responder analyses in future randomized trials related to hip arthroscopy and the treatment of FAI.
Inflammation and Neovascularization in Hip Impingement
Authors: Elias-Jones Cameron J. , Farrow Luke , Reilly James H. , Kerr Shauna , Meek R. M. Dominic , Kelly Michael P. , Campton J. Luke , Millar Neal L. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a significant cause of osteoarthritis (OA) in young active patients, but the pathophysiology remains unclear. Increasingly, mechanistic studies point toward an inflammatory component in OA. Purpose: This study aimed to characterize inflammatory cell subtypes and neovascularization in FAI by exploring the phenotype and quantification of inflammatory cells and neovascularization in FAI versus OA samples. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ten samples of the labrum were obtained from patients with FAI (confirmed diagnosis) during open osteochondroplasty or hip arthroscopic surgery. Control samples of the labrum were collected from 10 patients with OA who were undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Labral biopsy specimens were evaluated immunohistochemically by quantifying the presence of macrophages (CD68, CD206, interleukin-13 [IL-13]), T cells (CD3), mast cells (mast cell tryptase), and vascular endothelium (CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor). Results: Labral biopsy specimens obtained from patients with FAI exhibited significantly greater macrophage, mast cell, and vascular endothelium expression compared with control OA labral samples ( P < .05). The most significant difference was noted in macrophage ( P < .01) and mast cell ( P < .05) expression. Further subtyping of macrophages in FAI using the CD206 tissue marker and IL-13 revealed an M2 phenotype, suggesting that these cells are involved in a regenerate versus degenerate process. There was a modest but significant correlation between mast cells and CD34 expression ( r = 0.4, P < .01) in FAI samples. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for an inflammatory cell infiltrate in FAI along with significant neovascularization. In particular, the significant infiltration of mast cells and macrophages was demonstrated, suggesting a role for innate immune pathways in the events that mediate hip impingement. Clinical Relevance: Further mechanistic studies to evaluate the net contribution and hence therapeutic utility of these cellular lineages and their downstream processes may reveal novel therapeutic approaches to the management of early hip impingement.
High Incidence of Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy in Elite Professional Female Tennis Players
Authors: Young Simon W. , Dakic Jodie , Stroia Kathleen , Nguyen Michael L. , Harris Alex H.S. , Safran Marc R. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Isolated infraspinatus muscle atrophy is common in overhead athletes, who place significant and repetitive stresses across their dominant shoulders. Studies on volleyball and baseball players report infraspinatus atrophy in 4% to 34% of players; however, the prevalence of infraspinatus atrophy in professional tennis players has not been reported. Purpose: To investigate the incidence of isolated infraspinatus atrophy in professional tennis players and to identify any correlations with other physical examination findings, ranking performance, and concurrent shoulder injuries. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 125 professional female tennis players underwent a comprehensive preparticipation physical health status examination. Two orthopaedic surgeons examined the shoulders of all players and obtained digital goniometric measurements of range of motion (ROM). Infraspinatus atrophy was defined as loss of soft tissue bulk in the infraspinatus scapula fossa (and increased prominence of dorsal scapular bony anatomy) of the dominant shoulder with clear asymmetry when compared with the contralateral side. Correlations were examined between infraspinatus atrophy and concurrent shoulder disorders, clinical examination findings, ROM, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, singles tennis ranking, and age. Results: There were 65 players (52%) with evidence of infraspinatus atrophy in their dominant shoulders. No wasting was noted in the nondominant shoulder of any player. No statistically significant differences were seen in mean age, left- or right-hand dominance, height, weight, or body mass index for players with or without atrophy. Of the 77 players ranked in the top 100, 58% had clinical infraspinatus atrophy, compared with 40% of players ranked outside the top 100. No associations were found with static physical examination findings (scapular dyskinesis, ROM glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, postural abnormalities), concurrent shoulder disorders, or compromised performance when measured by singles ranking. Conclusion: This study reports a high level of clinical infraspinatus atrophy in the dominant shoulder of elite female tennis players. Infraspinatus atrophy was associated with a higher performance ranking, and no functional deficits or associations with concurrent shoulder disorders were found. Team physicians can be reassured that infraspinatus atrophy is a common finding in high-performing tennis players and, if asymptomatic, does not appear to significantly compromise performance.
Characterization of antibacterial and adhesion properties of chitosan-modified glass ionomer cement
Authors: Ibrahim Marrwa A , Neo Jennifer , Esguerra Roxanna J , Fawzy Amr S 
Published: June 2015

Objectives The aim is to investigate the effect of modifying the liquid phase of a conventional glass ionomer restorative material with different chitosan volume contents on the antibacterial properties and adhesion to dentin. Methods The liquids of commercially available restorative glass ionomer cements (GIC) were modified with chitosan (CH) solutions at different volume contents (5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%). The GIC powders were mixed with the unmodified and the CH-modified liquids at the desired powder/liquid ( P/ L) ratio. For the characterization of the antibacterial properties, Streptococcus mutans biofilms were formed on GIC discs and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal microscopy, colony forming unit (CFU) count, and cell viability assay (MTS). The unmodified and CH-modified GICs were bonded to dentin surfaces and the micro-tensile bond strength (µTBs) was evaluated and the interface was investigated by SEM. Results Modification with CH solutions enhanced the antibacterial properties against S. mutans in terms of resistance to biofilm formation, CFU count, and MTS assay. Generally, significant improvement in the antibacterial properties was found with the increase in the CH volume content. Modification with 25% and 50% CH adversely affected the µTBs with predominant cohesive failure in the GIC. However, no difference was found between the control and the 5% and 10% CH-modified specimens. Conclusion Incorporation of acidic solutions of chitosan in the polyacrylic acid liquid of GIC at v/v ratios of 5–10% improved the antibacterial properties of conventional glass ionomer cement against S. mutans without adversely affecting its bonding to dentin surface.
Sensitivity of Traditional and Risk-Based Glycemic Variability Measures to the Effect of Glucose-Lowering Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kovatchev Boris , Umpierrez Guillermo , DiGenio Andres , Zhou Rong , Inzucchi Silvio E. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Here we assess associations between glycemic variability (GV) measures and outcomes from glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to identify the metrics most sensitive to treatment response. Methods: Data from 1699 patients in 6 previously reported studies in adults with T2DM treated with basal insulin and/or oral glucose-lowering drugs were included in a post hoc meta-analysis. Using 7-point blood glucose (BG) profiles we compared the GV metrics standard deviation (SD), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), mean absolute glucose (MAG), low and high BG risk indices (LBGI, HBGI), and average daily risk range (ADRR). Treatment-related changes in GV and risk status and associations between end-of-trial GV/risk metrics with treatment outcomes (end-of-trial glycated hemoglobin A1c[A1C] level ≥7.0%, hypoglycemia, and composite outcome of A1C <7.0% and no hypoglycemia), were evaluated. Results: Significant changes from baseline to end of treatment were observed in all measures (all P < .0001), with the largest reduction following treatment for HBGI (–65.5%) and ADRR (–43.3%). The baseline risk classification for hyperglycemia based on the risk categories of HBGI improved for 66.8%, remained unchanged for 29.8%, and deteriorated for 3.3% of patients (chi-square P < .0001), while the risk for hypoglycemia did not change. HBGI showed the strongest association with A1C ≥7.0% at the end of treatment, and LBGI showed the strongest association with symptomatic hypoglycemia. Conclusions: During glucose-lowering therapy in T2DM, HBGI and LBGI offer insights into hyperglycemia and trends toward hypoglycemia, respectively; ADRR may be the optimal GV measure responsive to hypo- and hyperglycemic treatment effects.
Diet-induced increases in chemerin are attenuated by exercise and mediate the effect of diet on insulin and HOMA-IR
Authors: Lloyd Jesse W. , Zerfass Kristy M. , Heckstall Ebony M. , Evans Kristin A. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: Chemerin concentrations are elevated in obesity and associated with inflammation and insulin resistance. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, which may be facilitated by changes in chemerin. We explored the effects of chronic exercise on chemerin levels in diet-induced obese mice. Methods: We divided 40 mice into 4 groups: high-fat diet/exercise, high-fat diet/sedentary, normal diet/exercise, and normal diet/sedentary. A 9-week dietary intervention was followed by a 12-week exercise intervention (treadmill run: 11 m/min for 30 min, 3×/week). We analyzed blood samples before and after the exercise intervention. We used t-tests and linear regression to examine changes in chemerin, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers, and associations between changes in chemerin and all other biomarkers. Results: Chemerin increased significantly across all mice over the 12-week intervention (mean ± SD = 40.7 ± 77.8%, p = 0.01), and this increase was smaller in the exercise versus sedentary mice (27.2 ± 83.9% versus 54.9 ± 70.5%, p = 0.29). The increase among the high-fat diet/exercise mice was ~44% lower than the increase among the high-fat diet/sedentary mice (55.7 ± 54.9% versus 99.8 ± 57.7%, p = 0.12). The high-fat diet mice showed significant increases in insulin (773.5 ± 1286.6%, p < 0.0001) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; 846.5 ± 1723.3%, p < 0.01). Mediation analyses showed that increases in chemerin explained a substantial amount of the diet-induced increases in insulin and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: Chronic exercise may attenuate diet-driven increases in circulating chemerin, and the insulin resistance associated with a high-fat diet may be mediated by diet-induced increases in chemerin.
Revisiting the case for genetically engineered mouse models in human myelodysplastic syndrome research
Authors: Zhou Ting , Kinney Marsha C. , Scott Linda M. , Zinkel Sandra S. , Rebel Vivienne I. 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsWith a few exceptions, the histologic and cytologic characteristics of myelodysplasia are similar in humans and mice. As in humans, MDS and MDS/MPN are distinct diseases in mice; mouse models of these diseases can serve as useful research tools.
Complement C3dg-mediated erythrophagocytosis: implications for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Lin Zhuoer , Schmidt Christoph Q. , Koutsogiannaki Sophia , Ricci Patrizia , Risitano Antonio M. , Lambris John D. , Ricklin Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Key Points
The complement opsonin C3dg, which is found on PNH erythrocytes of patients under anti-C5 therapy, can bind to complement receptor 3 (CR3). Interaction of C3dg with CR3 on activated monocytes induces erythrophagocytosis, thereby corroborating a model of extravascular hemolysis.
Strong convergence of a general iterative algorithm for a finite family of accretive operators in Banach spaces
Authors: Song Yanlai , Ceng Luchuan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a new iterative scheme for finding a common solution to a variational inclusion problem with a finite family of accretive operators and a modified system of variational inequalities in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Under mild conditions, a strong convergence theorem for approximating this common solution is proved. The methods in the paper are novel and different from those in the early and recent literature.
Epidemiology of foot burns in a Dutch burn centre
Authors: Kılıç Tülay , Krijnen Pieta , Tuinebreijer Wim E , Breederveld Roelf S 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Although the feet involve a small percentage of the total body surface area, they can have major effects in daily life, caused by prolonged bed rest, hospitalization and high risk of both early and late complications. The aim of this study was to define the aetiology, treatment and outcomes of foot burns, with special interest in paediatric patients, patients with diabetic disease and burns acquired at the workplace.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of 82 patients who were admitted to one of the three burn centres in the Netherlands during the period 2004 to 2013. The patients had a median age of 43.5 years (range 0.01–85.9), and included 14 children and 8 diabetics. Data were collected from the hospital records.

Results
Scalding was the most common cause of the injury. Almost all patients required surgical management. It is notable that most of hospitalized patients (82 %) were not admitted on the day of injury. Children had a significantly shorter length of stay compared to adults (p = 0.01). The eight patients with diabetes had a significantly longer length of hospital stay, more complications and more often residual defects compared to the non-diabetic patients. In 13 patients, the injury took place at work. Half of these burns were caused by scalding, and foot burns caused by chemicals at work were rare (two patients).

Conclusions
Although the incidence of foot burns is low, there is a significant morbidity due to complications and long hospital stay. The following three points are suggested. Immediate referral to a burn centre is essential. It is important to educate diabetic patients on the risk of complications and adverse outcomes after burn injury. Preventative measures at the workplace are worth considering.
Assessment of some demographic risk factors associated with diaphyseal humeral fractures among Nigerians
Authors: Ezeuko Vitalis Chukwuma , Ehimigbai Agbonluai Richard , Esechie Ehijele Loveth 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology of fractures of the humeral shaft has received little attention in Nigeria. This study was aimed at investigating the possible risk factors associated with diaphyseal humeral fractures among Nigerians.MethodsThe study was carried out retrospectively at the Department of Medical Records, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos State, Nigeria, between 2007 and 2012. Case notes and plain films of X-ray from a total number of 206 patients of ages from birth to one hundred years (0–100 years), comprising of 140 males and 66 females, were used for the study. The analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 and presented in bar charts. The frequencies were reported as percentages. The differences in frequencies were compared using chi-square test.ResultsThe results showed that the percentage frequency of diaphyseal humeral fractures was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in males than in females. The main cause (P &lt; 0.05) of diaphyseal humeral fractures was road traffic accident followed by fall.ConclusionsThe major causes of diaphyseal humeral fractures are road traffic accidents and falls. Since diaphyseal humeral fracture is an issue of harsh economic consequences, adequate measures should be taken by all the parties involved, especially government agencies, to address this menace in term of road maintenance and general well-being of the citizens. Furthermore, since it was observed that different regions of the bones of interest present diverse characteristics with respect to associated risk factors, it is recommended that such studies as this should be region-based rather than whole-bone based.