bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil Infiltrates in Pilocytic Astrocytomas of Children and Young Adults
Authors: Lu Jian-Qiang , Rashidipour Omid , Wilson Beverly A. , Jack Andrew S. , Pugh Jeffrey , Mehta Vivek 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveEosinophils may affect each stage of tumour development. Many studies have suggested that tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is associated with favourable prognosis in some malignant tumours. However, only a few studies exist on TATE in central nervous system (CNS) tumours. Our recent study exhibited eosinophils in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RTs), pediatric malignant CNS tumours with divergent differentiation. This study examines eosinophils in pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs).MethodsThe study included 44 consecutive cases of patients with PAs and no concurrent CNS inflammatory disease.ResultsWe found eosinophils in 19 (43%) of 44 PAs (patient age range, 0.5-72 years). Eosinophils were intratumoural and clearly distinguishable. The density of eosinophils was rare to focally scattered. PAs containing eosinophils were located throughout the CNS. Furthermore, eosinophilic infiltration was identified in 18 (62%) of 29 pediatric (age range, 0.5-18 years) PAs but only 1 (7%) of 15 (p<0.001, significantly less) adult (age range, 20-72 years) PAs. Eosinophilic infiltration showed no significant differences between PAs with and without MRI cystic formation, surgical procedures, or PAs with and without leptomeningeal infiltration. In comparison, eosinophils were absent in 10 pediatric (age range, 0.5-15 years) ependymomas (or anaplastic ependymomas).ConclusionsThese results suggest that eosinophils are common in pediatric PAs but rare in adult PAs. This difference is probably related to the developing immune system and different tumour-specific antigens in children. TATE may play a functional role in the development of pediatric PAs, as well as some other pediatric CNS tumours such as AT/RTs.
Hoarding pet animals in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Campos-Lima André L. , Torres Albina R. , Yücel Murat , Harrison Ben J. , Moll Jorge , Ferreira Gabriela M. , Fontenelle Leonardo F. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundAlthough severe hoarding symptoms have been considered rare among obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) samples, the prevalence of animal hoarding in OCD is unknown. To help clarifying this issue, we searched for cases of animal hoarding among patients attending a university OCD clinic (n=420).MethodsChart review.ResultsOnly two patients from our sample exhibited animal hoarding (<0.5%) and only one of them presented additional obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Both cases also collected inanimate objects, presented low insight, exhibited poor response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and did not adhere to therapy.ConclusionsThere seems to be a lack of relationship between animal hoarding and OCD. However, further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to better define their psychopathological profile and more appropriate nosological insertion.
Dense neighborhoods and mechanisms of learning: evidence from children with phonological delay
Authors: GIERUT JUDITH A. , MORRISETTE MICHELE L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThere is a noted advantage of dense neighborhoods in language acquisition, but the learning mechanism that drives the effect is not well understood. Two hypotheses – long-term auditory word priming and phonological working memory – have been advanced in the literature as viable accounts. These were evaluated in two treatment studies enrolling twelve children with phonological delay. Study 1 exposed children to dense neighbors versus non-neighbors before training sound production in evaluation of the priming hypothesis. Study 2 exposed children to the same stimuli after training sound production as a test of the phonological working memory hypothesis. Results showed that neighbors led to greater phonological generalization than non-neighbors, but only when presented prior to training production. There was little generalization and no differential effect of exposure to neighbors or non-neighbors after training production. Priming was thus supported as a possible mechanism of learning behind the dense neighborhood advantage in phonological acquisition.
Behavioural response in educated young adults towards influenza A(H1N1)pdm09
Authors: CHEN S. C. , HSIEH N. H. , YOU S. H. , WANG C. H. , LIAO C. M. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThe purpose of this paper was to determine how contact behaviour change influences the indoor transmission of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 among school children. We incorporated transmission rate matrices constructed from questionnaire responses into an epidemiological model to simulate contact behaviour change during an influenza epidemic. We constructed a dose–response model describing the relationships between contact rate, viral load, and respiratory symptom scores using published experimental human infection data for A(H1N1)pdm09. Findings showed that that mean numbers of contacts were 5·66 ± 6·23 and 1·96 ± 2·76 d−1in the 13–19 and 40–59 years age groups, respectively. We found that the basic reproduction number (R0) was <1 during weekends in pandemic periods, implying that school closures or class suspensions are probably an effective social distancing policy to control pandemic influenza transmission. We conclude that human contact behaviour change is a potentially influential factor on influenza infection rates. For substantiation of this effect, we recommend a future study with more comprehensive control measures.
The process of palliative sedation as viewed by physicians and nurses working in palliative care in Brazil
Authors: Spineli Vívian Marina Calixto Damasceno , Kurashima Andrea Yamaguchi , De Gutiérrez Maria Gaby Rivero 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:Our aim was to describe the process of palliative sedation from the point of view of physicians and nurses working in palliative care in Brazil.Method:Ours was a descriptive study conducted between May and December of 2011, with purposeful snowball sampling of 32 physicians and 29 nurses working in facilities in Brazil that have adopted the practice of palliative care.Results:The symptoms prioritized for an indication of palliative sedation were dyspnea, delirium, and pain. Some 65.6% of respondents believed that the survival time of a patient in the final phase was not a determining factor for the indication of this measure, and that the patient, family, and healthcare team should participate in the decision-making process. For 42.6% of these professionals, the opinion of the family was the main barrier to an indication of this therapy.Significance of results:The opinion of the physicians and nurses who participated in this study converged with the principal national and international guidelines on palliative sedation. However, even though it is a therapy that has been adopted in palliative care, it remains a controversial practice.
Distinguishing Between Casual Talk and Academic Talk Beginning in the Preschool Years: An Important Consideration for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: van Kleeck Anne 
Published: October 2014

PurposeThe need for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to consider an academic talk (AT) register in addition to an everyday casual talk (CT) register of oral language with children beginning in the preschool years is presented, the AT and CT registers are distinguished in a comprehensive manner, ideas regarding AT language assessment are proposed, and suggestions for fostering children's skills with the AT register are offered.MethodExtant research and scholarship from a wide variety of disciplines are integrated and organized.ResultsThe author discusses the role of the SLP in supporting AT skills beginning in the preschool years and the added risk of difficulties with the AT register for children with language impairment who are from diverse backgrounds. Two broad categories—social-interactive and cognitive—that give rise to linguistic features that differentiate between the CT and AT registers are deduced from extant scholarship.ConclusionsSLPs should consider children's competence with the AT register as they work to prepare preschoolers and older children for the language demands of school.
Sexually dimorphic expression ofMafbregulates masculinization of the embryonic urethral formation
Authors: Suzuki Kentaro , Numata Tomokazu , Suzuki Hiroko , Raga Dennis Diana , Ipulan Lerrie Ann , Yokoyama Chikako , Matsushita Shoko , Hamada Michito , Nakagata Naomi , Nishinakamura Ryuichi , Kume Shoen , Takahashi Satoru , Yamada Gen 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceAndrogen is essential for the masculinization of external genitalia such as the organ size and the male-type urethra in mammals. However, the genes downstream of androgen, which are responsible for these masculinization processes, have not been identified. Here, we show v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (Mafb) as an essential masculinization gene for embryonic urethral formation.Mafbexpression is prominent in developing male external genitalia, driving masculinization of embryonic urethral formation in an androgen-dependent manner. External genitalia ofMafbKO males exhibit urethral defects, giving insight into human hypospadias. The current findings indicate thatMafbis a crucial mediator of urethral masculinization and is a possible new candidate gene for hypospadias derived from embryonic abnormalities.
Interleukin 10 modulation of pathogenic Th17 cells during fatal alphavirus encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kulcsar Kirsten A. , Baxter Victoria K. , Greene Ivorlyne P. , Griffin Diane E. 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceMosquito-borne alphaviruses are important causes of epidemic encephalomyelitis. The immune response plays an important role in disease; however, immune-mediated mechanisms of pathogenesis and regulation are not understood. In this study, we determined that a pathogenic Th17 response occurs during fatal alphavirus encephalitis. Furthermore, the regulatory cytokine, interleukin 10, plays an important role in modulating the pathogenic Th17 response. In the absence of interleukin 10, the Th17 response is increased in magnitude and displays a more pathogenic phenotype, resulting in accelerated disease progression. These findings are important for understanding the pathogenesis of virus infections in the central nervous system and the identification of therapeutic interventions that focus on immune modulation in the central nervous system.
Bertini irreducibility theorems over finite fields
Authors: Charles François , Poonen Bjorn 
Published: October 2014

Given a geometrically irreducible subscheme

X
⊆

P

F

q

n

X \subseteq \mathbb {P}^n_{\mathbb {F}_q}

of dimension at least

2
2

, we prove that the fraction of degree

d
d

hypersurfaces

H
H

such that

H
∩
X

H \cap X

is geometrically irreducible tends to

1
1

as

d
→
∞

d \to \infty

. We also prove variants in which

X
X

is over an extension of

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

, and in which the immersion

X
→

P

F

q

n

X \to \mathbb {P}^n_{\mathbb {F}_q}

is replaced by a more general morphism.
Large-scale binding ligand prediction by improved patch-based method Patch-Surfer2.0
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Xiong Yi , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Ligand binding is a key aspect of the function of many proteins. Thus, binding ligand prediction provides important insight in understanding the biological function of proteins. Binding ligand prediction is also useful for drug design and examining potential drug side effects.
Results: We present a computational method named Patch-Surfer2.0, which predicts binding ligands for a protein pocket. By representing and comparing pockets at the level of small local surface patches that characterize physicochemical properties of the local regions, the method can identify binding pockets of the same ligand even if they do not share globally similar shapes. Properties of local patches are represented by an efficient mathematical representation, 3D Zernike Descriptor. Patch-Surfer2.0 has significant technical improvements over our previous prototype, which includes a new feature that captures approximate patch position with a geodesic distance histogram. Moreover, we constructed a large comprehensive database of ligand binding pockets that will be searched against by a query. The benchmark shows better performance of Patch-Surfer2.0 over existing methods.
Availability and implementation: http://kiharalab.org/patchsurfer2.0/
Contact: dkihara@purdue.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Computational framework for next-generation sequencing of heterogeneous viral populations using combinatorial pooling
Authors: Skums Pavel , Artyomenko Alexander , Glebova Olga , Ramachandran Sumathi , Mandoiu Ion , Campo David S. , Dimitrova Zoya , Zelikovsky Alex , Khudyakov Yury 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for analyzing a large number of viral sequences from infected patients, providing an opportunity to implement large-scale molecular surveillance of viral diseases. However, despite improvements in technology, traditional protocols for NGS of large numbers of samples are still highly cost and labor intensive. One of the possible cost-effective alternatives is combinatorial pooling. Although a number of pooling strategies for consensus sequencing of DNA samples and detection of SNPs have been proposed, these strategies cannot be applied to sequencing of highly heterogeneous viral populations.
Results: We developed a cost-effective and reliable protocol for sequencing of viral samples, that combines NGS using barcoding and combinatorial pooling and a computational framework including algorithms for optimal virus-specific pools design and deconvolution of individual samples from sequenced pools. Evaluation of the framework on experimental and simulated data for hepatitis C virus showed that it substantially reduces the sequencing costs and allows deconvolution of viral populations with a high accuracy.
Availability and implementation: The source code and experimental data sets are available at http://alan.cs.gsu.edu/NGS/?q=content/pooling
Contact: kki8@cdc.gov, yek0@cdc.gov
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Francesco Barbaro
Authors: Parry Seth 
Published: October 2014

Francesco Barbaro (b. 1390–d. 1454) was the preeminent Venetian humanist of the early 15th century. He was a senator and a scholar, a politician and an intellectual, an aristocrat and a humanist. He received a first-rate education from humanist tutors before attending the university at Padua, and he was guided by prominent mentors. Barbaro is best remembered today for De re uxoria (“On Marriage”), a treatise he wrote when only twenty-five to his friend Lorenzo de’ Medici the Elder as a wedding gift. This work is still studied on its own merits, and as a lens revealing 15th-century Italian attitudes toward marriage and family life. Nearly as significant, Barbaro corresponded with dozens of the leading intellectual and political figures of his day, and his collected epistles are a treasure trove of information for 15th-century society and culture. Considering his literary significance, it is remarkable that Barbaro also had a successful and fulfilling political career. Barbaro was elected by the Senate or the Maggior Consilio to posts including ambassador, military governor, member of the Council of Ten, and ducal councilor, before being made one of the nine procurators of St. Mark—the second-highest positions in the Republic, after Doge. Later in his life, he also became a significant patron of humanist learning, particularly emphasizing the revival of Greek scholarship that was to become a trademark of Venetian humanism. Many of the Greek scholars who flourished in quattrocento Venice owed their standing to Barbaro’s largesse. Barbaro was certainly a Renaissance man, in that he was equally at ease—and successful—in the political and intellectual arenas.
French Emancipation
Authors: Peabody Sue 
Published: October 2014

France incorporated slavery in all of its early modern overseas colonies, including Canada, and was the first nation-state in the world to issue a general emancipation act (see the separate Oxford Bibliographies articles on French Atlantic World, the Haitian Revolution, Emancipation, and Abolition of Slavery). In fact, France abolished slavery twice, in 1794 and in 1848, each time in the midst of revolutionary turmoil. Yet the historical forces that prompted these two legislative acts were distinct. The 1794 decree (16 Pluviôse, Year 2) by the Constituent Assembly in Paris—which succeeded two decades of antislavery activism in the British and American contexts, but tepid antislavery activism in France itself—was prompted by the unfolding colonial slave revolt, weak colonial control, and incursions by Britain and Spain in Saint-Domingue. However, the resultant 1794 decree was implemented in only Saint Domingue, Guadeloupe, and Guyana; it remained a dead letter in Martinique, Senegal, Réunion, Ile de France (Mauritius), and French India. Slavery was restored throughout the French empire in 1802, with the exception of Saint-Domingue, which claimed its independence as Haiti, the world’s first black republic, founded by former slaves and their descendants. Antislavery sentiment slowly returned under the Restoration and the early, liberal phase of the July Monarchy, but ran up against the organized colonial lobby, which countered most abolitionist initiatives led by a small, relatively weak coterie in Paris. The 1848 emancipation, organized by the fervent antislavery activist Victor Schoelcher in Paris, was one of the first, decisive steps of a new republican government after decades of procrastination by the July Monarchy; but unlike Britain and America, it was not sustained by a large, populist antislavery movement. In contrast to the robust historiography of antislavery and emancipation in the Anglo-Atlantic over the past three quarters of a century, the abolition of slavery and the lingering legacies of slave emancipation in the French-speaking world have attracted significant attention only relatively recently. However, the recent anniversaries of France’s two emancipations—in 1793–1794 and, following Napoleonic restoration of slavery in 1802, in 1848—have recently prompted more sustained attention, as has the bicentennial of the Haitian Revolution, now understood as the first decolonization movement to successfully expel a major European power and replace it with local rule by formerly colonized people. This article is organized chronologically, from the emergence of antislavery ideology in the 18th century, through the Revolution and the first emancipation, to the second and definitive abolition of 1848. A final section on Emancipation and Memory examines the contested representation of France’s history of slavery and emancipation in the recent past.
First Report of Bacterial Pustule on Soybeans in North Dakota
Authors: Heitkamp Erik C. , Lamppa Robin S. , Lambrecht Patricia A. , Harveson Robert M. , Mathew Febina M. , Markell Samuel G. 
Published: October 2014

Bacterial pustule has not been previously reported on soybeans in North Dakota, and is unlikely to pose a direct yield threat to soybeans in North Dakota. However, the disease can be mistaken for Asian soybean rust, leading to unnecessary fungicide application and economic loss to the grower. Accepted 3 September 2014. Published 13 October 2014.
Molecular Identification of a Tobacco mosaic virus Isolate from Imported Petunias
Authors: Kim Bong-Suk , Ruhl Gail , Creswell Tom , Loesch-Fries L. Sue 
Published: October 2014

The study illustrates the necessity of molecular diagnostics in the screening of asymptomatic breeding stock and progeny plants, in addition to symptomatic plants, to avoid the unintentional spread of virus in plant material. Early diagnosis of virus infection is critical to avoid global spread of infected plants. Accepted 15 August 2014. Published 30 September 2014.
Fungicide Sensitivity Assessed in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi Isolates from Lowbush Blueberry Fields in Maine
Authors: Thompson Ashley A. , Annis Seanna L. 
Published: October 2014

The fungicide sensitivity in populations of Monilinia vacciniicorymbosi (Reade) Honey, the fungus that causes mummy berry, may be affected by the use of fungicides for control of this fungus. The sensitivity of M. vaccinii-corymbosi isolates from conventionally and organically managed fields and an unmanaged, wild area was determined for the fungicides propiconazole and fenbuconazole. Propiconazole has been used for more than 14 years to control mummy berry, and fenbuconazole has become more widely used in the last 4 years than previously. The baseline EC50 for isolates from the unmanaged area was significantly higher for propiconazole (0.016 μg/ml) than fenbuconazole (0.006 μg/ml). The propiconazole EC50 for isolates from conventionally managed fields (0.020 μg/ml) was significantly higher than for isolates from the unmanaged area (0.016 μg/ml), but not from the organically managed fields (0.018 μg/ml). No significant differences in the fenbuconazole EC50 were found among management types. The biennial long-term use of the fungicide propiconazole on populations of M. vaccinii-corymbosi may contribute to the development of fungicide insensitivity over time. Accepted 15 August 2014. Published 24 September 2014.
Left Ventricular Mechanics Assessed by 2-dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Children and Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Li Shujuan , Yang Junlin , Zhu Ling , Li Yunquan , Peng Huimin , Lin Yuese , Li Xuandi , Huang Zifang , Wang Huishen 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
A retrospective review of data collected prospectively.

Objective:
The study aimed to assess the possible effects of idiopathic scoliosis on left ventricular (LV) myocardial performance in children and adolescent patients.

Summary of Background Data:
Spine anomaly may impair cardiorespiratory function. It has been confirmed that respiratory function decreased in patients with scoliosis. However, limited study of the effect of scoliosis on heart function has been published, and no assessment of myocardial deformation of these patients has been reported to our knowledge.

Methods:
Forty-one patients with a median age of 16 years and a median Cobb’s angle of 75 degrees were studied. LV myocardial deformation was evaluated using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. The results were compared with those of 33 controls. The correlations between Cobb’s angle and echocardiographic parameters in patients were also explored.

Results:
Compared with controls, patients had significantly lower global LV longitudinal systolic strain in all 3 views (4 chamber, 2 chamber, and 3 chamber views), lower global radial and circumferential strains in mitral valve (MV) level and papillary muscle (PM) level; reduced LV longitudinal early diastolic strain rate (SRe) in all 3 longitudinal views and reduced radial SRe in MV level and reduced circumferential SRe in apical (AP) level; decreased LV longitudinal late diastolic strain rate in 4-chamber view and decreased radial ones in all 3 short-axis levels. Among patients, Cobb’s angle correlated negatively with LV global radial strain of MV level (r=−0.37, P=0.02), global circumferential strain of MV level (r=−0.35, P=0.03), and global circumferential strain of PM level (r=−0.49, P=0.001), whereas positively with LV longitudinal SRa of 4-chamber view (r=0.46, P=0.003), longitudinal SRa of 2-chamber view (r=0.49, P=0.001), and circumferential SRa of AP level (r=0.35, P=0.02).

Conclusions:
LV mechanics are impaired in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, which correlate with the severity of scoliosis. Our findings suggest the need and provide a mechanical basis for further studies in these patients.