bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminth infection induces a distinct subset of CD101hi lung tissue–infiltrating eosinophils that are differentially regulated by type 2 cytokines
Authors: Noble Sophia‐Louise , Vacca Francesco , Hilligan Kerry L , Mules Thomas C , Le Gros Graham , Inns Stephen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEosinophils play divergent roles in health and disease, contributing to both immunoregulatory and proinflammatory responses. Helminth infection is strongly associated with eosinophilia and the induction of the type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐4 and IL‐13. This study aimed to elucidate the heterogeneity of pulmonary eosinophils in response to helminth infection and the roles of IL‐5, IL‐4 and IL‐13 in driving pulmonary eosinophil responses. Using the murine helminth model Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb), we characterize a subtype of eosinophils, defined by high expression of CD101, that is induced in the lungs of Nb‐infected mice and are phenotypically distinct from lung eosinophils that express low levels of CD101. Strikingly, we show that the two eosinophil subtypes have distinct anatomical localization within the lung: CD101low eosinophils are predominantly localized in the lung vasculature, whereas Nb‐induced CD101hi eosinophils are predominantly localized in the extravascular lung niche. We show that CD101hi eosinophils are also induced across other models of pulmonary infection and inflammation, including a nonlung‐migrating helminth infection, house dust mite–induced allergic inflammation and influenza infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the induction of CD101hi tissue eosinophils is independent of IL‐5 and IL‐4 signaling, but is dependent on intact IL‐13 signaling. These results suggest that IL‐13 produced during helminth infection and other disease states promotes a pulmonary tissue‐infiltrating program in eosinophils defined by high expression of CD101.
Income gap between male and female psychiatric nurses in China: A national survey
Authors: Gu Jingyang , Cheng Yang , Gu Mengyue , Wang Song , Shi Yudong , Xia Lei , Jiang Feng , Liu Huanzhong , Tang Yilang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate gender differences in the actual and expected income among psychiatric nurses in China.BackgroundAlthough studies have shown that male nurses earn more than female nurses in other countries, there are no published data regarding gender income differences among psychiatric nurses in China.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study involving 41 representative psychiatric hospitals in China. Demographic, income, and job‐related data were analyzed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score.FindingsThe sample included 9256 psychiatric nurses, and nearly four‐fifths (79.3%) were female. Males earned slightly higher average monthly incomes than female nurses, while initial analysis showed no significant overall gender income difference (p > 0.05). Notably, most participants (92.5%) desired an income increase of at least 10%, with over half (56.2%) expressing significant dissatisfaction with their current income. After adjustment using propensity score combined with IPTW, females in the junior and mid‐level groups had significantly lower income than their male counterparts (all p < 0.01), despite having different night shift patterns. However, there were no significant gender differences in actual or expected income among senior‐level psychiatric nurses (p > 0.05).ConclusionA majority of psychiatric nurses in China express dissatisfaction with their current incomes and expect higher incomes. Male nurses earned significantly more than female nurses in the junior and mid‐level professional groups, potentially due to their differences in night shifts.Implications for nursing policy and health policyPolicymakers and hospital administrators should optimize the income structures of nurses and develop targeted policies to address the gender income gap. Improving nurse income has the potential to enhance motivation and satisfaction within the profession.
Translating ‘proportionate universal healthcare’ into meaningful system design to optimize equity in child and family services
Authors: Kemp Lynn , Donohoe Kathy , Matthews Prue , Aspery Wendy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo conduct a child and family health nursing service redesign to improve pathways of access, response and outcomes for all families with children aged 0–5 years.DesignThe study was conducted as an iterative, mixed‐method study of the process and impact of the service redesign, informed by a participatory action research paradigm and the NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation process for developing a model of care.MethodsDiagnostic, solution design, implementation and sustainability phases were undertaken. Quantitative analyses were undertaken of administrative data, and child and family health nurse and client surveys. Qualitative analyses were undertaken of design workshops.ResultsThe administrative data demonstrated that prior to the redesign service provision was the same for all clients regardless of levels of risk. The design solution, developed through a series of diagnostic and visioning workshops, included multiple new client response pathways. Implementation included development of tools and training. Sustainability of the redistribution of resources to the new pathways was assessed though an evaluation demonstrating a positive impact for families with adversity, with no deleterious effects for families receiving a universal response, and improvements in the emotional labour undertaken by nurses. Despite this, nurse burnout increased post‐redesign.ConclusionThe shift from equal services (everyone receives the same) to equitable proportionate universal provision in response to need can be achieved and has positive impacts for nurses and families.ImpactThis study shows the value of undertaking a systematic and participatory approach to service redesign. A proportionate universalism approach can ensure that early childhood nursing services are available to all in relation to needs.Reporting methodThe Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE 2.0) check‐list was used to guide reporting.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Polyamory in Black: A Companion Justification for Minimal Marriage
Authors: Clardy Justin L. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTA number of Black writers have cast Black marriage in a state of emergency – Black folks are not getting (or staying) married like they used to. Yet in seeking to address the Black marriage problem many have left marriage's ‘monogamous‐only’ condition unexamined. In this article, I take a different approach. I draw on a long‐standing prevalence of de facto non‐monogamy among those marked Black and argue that the numerical constraint making marriage between two people violates equal treatment. To make the case, I show how anti‐non‐monogamy attitudes have been racialized in ways that are expressive of anti‐Blackness. In my view, the effects of this racialization include ongoing and disproportionate impacts on an already burdened group – Black polyamorists. A failure to reform the monogamous‐only condition of marriage tacitly endorses anti‐non‐monogamous attitudes of the past where Black intimate relationships were thought inferior and therefore deserving of an inferior social standing. Finally, I look to an account of minimal marriage as a site of possibility for establishing a marriage institution that is more just in relation to equal treatment and a site of repair for racialized non‐monogamists whose historical denial to accessing marriage has had the effect of accumulated social and political disadvantage.
Predicting ventricular arrhythmia inducibility in ajmaline‐induced Brugada type I pattern: Validation of the dST‐Tiso interval
Authors: Iacopino Saverio , Fabiano Emmanuel , Sorrenti Paolo , Petretta Andrea , Colella Jacopo , Di Vilio Alessandro , Statuto Giovanni , Filannino Pasquale , Artale Paolo , Giacopelli Daniele , Peluso Gianluca , Fabiano Gennaro , Campagna Giuseppe , Cecchini Federico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe dST‐Tiso is a newly proposed electrocardiographic (ECG) marker during Brugada (BrS) type I pattern, that predicts the likelihood of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) inducibility in patients with ajmaline‐induced pattern. The objective of this study was to validate the effectiveness of this criterion using an independent data set.MethodsConsecutive patients exhibiting a BrS type I ECG pattern following ajmaline administration underwent programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS). dST‐Tiso interval was measured in all patients and tested as a predictor for positive VA inducibility.ResultsAmong 128 patients (median age 43 years, 59% male) with drug‐induced BrS type I ECG pattern who underwent PVS, 32 (25.0%) had VA inducibility that required defibrillation. Compared to noninducible subjects, those with positive PVS were more commonly male (81% vs. 51%, p = 0.003), had longer PQ (165 vs. 160 ms, p = 0.016) and dST‐Tiso (310 vs. 230 ms, p < 0.001) intervals, and shorter QT interval (412 vs. 420 ms, p = 0.022). When treated as a continuous variable, dST‐Tiso confirmed significant association with VA inducibility, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.03, p < 0.001) for each 1 ms increase in duration. A dST‐Tiso interval >300 ms yielded a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 86%, and positive and negative predictive values of 69% and 91%, respectively.ConclusionThe validation of the model based on the dST‐Tiso interval >300 ms confirmed its high accuracy in predicting VA inducibility in drug‐induced BrS type I pattern. This straightforward ECG marker might be linked to the extent of the electrical substrate of the disease.
Pacemaker‐mediated reentrant arrhythmia facilitated by an atrial‐tracking leadless pacemaker
Authors: Vrtikapa Dejan , Chong Luke , Modaff Daniel , Kipp Ryan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPacemaker‐mediated tachycardia is a known arrhythmia in patients with dual chamber pacemakers and defibrillators and intact ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction. We report a case of pacemaker‐mediated reentrant arrhythmia (PMRA) in a patient with an atrioventricular (AV) synchronous leadless pacemaker.Methods and ResultsA 91‐year‐old female presented with 2:1 AV conduction and received an AV synchronous leadless pacemaker. She had atrial mechanical sense‐ventricular paced beats between heart rates of 80–100 bpm more than 80% of the time. She was found to have a new cardiomyopathy and was referred for placement of biventricular pacemaker. At the time of device implantation, her electrocardiogram showed ventricular pacing with a short RP interval and superiorly directed P waves. Changes in the ventricular pacing rate resulted in changes in the atrial rate. Following device placement, her heart rate decreased to the lower rate limit of her pacemaker. The atrial mechanical sense impulse most likely was generated by a retrograde conducted P wave resulting in near incessant PMRA.ConclusionPMRA may occur in patients who receive an AV synchronous leadless pacemaker with intact VA conduction and sinoatrial node dysfunction. Due to the lower rates of PMRA, this arrhythmia may be underrecognized. Interventions for and implications of PMRA need further investigation.
A risk score based on polyamine metabolism and chemotherapy‐related genes predicts prognosis and immune cells infiltration of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Du Minjun , Meng Xiangzhi , Zhou Boxuan , Song Weijian , Shi Jianwei , Liang Mei , Liang Yicheng , Gao Yushun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe aimed to explore whether the genes associated with both platinum‐based therapy and polyamine metabolism could predict the prognosis of LUAD. We searched for the differential expression genes (DEGs) associated with platinum‐based therapy, then we interacted them with polyamine metabolism‐related genes to obtain hub genes. Subsequently, we analysed the main immune cell populations in LUAD using the scRNA‐seq data, and evaluated the activity of polyamine metabolism of different cell subpopulations. The DEGs between high and low activity groups were screened to identify key DEGs to establish prognostic risk score model. We further elucidated the landscape of immune cells, mutation and drug sensitivity analysis in different risk groups. Finally, we got 10 hub genes associated with both platinum‐based chemotherapy and polyamine metabolism, and found that these hub genes mainly affected signalling transduction pathways. B cells and mast cells with highest polyamine metabolism activity, while NK cells were found with lowest polyamine metabolism activity based on scRNA‐seq data. DEGs between high and low polyamine metabolism activity groups were identified, then 6 key genes were screened out to build risk score, which showed a good predictive power. The risk score showed a universal negative correlation with immunotherapy checkpoint genes and the cytotoxic T cells infiltration. The mutation rates of EGFR in low‐risk group was significantly higher than that of high‐risk group. In conclusion, we developed a risk score based on key genes associated with platinum‐based therapy and polyamine metabolism, which provide a new perspective for prognosis prediction of LUAD.
Information technology adoption and the growth of nonemployer businesses
Authors: Kim Younjun , Thompson Eric 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe growth of nonemployer businesses as a share of the working‐age population has been little studied relative to the decline of employer business rate in the United States. We show that local labor markets specializing in routine task‐intensive jobs have experienced a higher adoption of information technology as well as the growth of nonemployer businesses primarily through increasing self‐employment in nonroutine manual task‐intensive jobs that are less frequently outsourced to business service firms.
A fully digital workflow involving 3D printed tooth reduction guides and injection resin‐indexes to restore an impacted canine
Authors: Puri Nikita , Atria Pablo J. , Oquendo Anabella , Blatz Markus B. , Sampaio Camila S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present clinical report describes a long‐term temporary restorative approach using injectable composite to reshape a canine into a central incisor, within the context of an ongoing orthodontic treatment. This treatment protocol describes a fully‐digital workflow, incorporating digital designed and 3D printed diagnostic wax up, reduction guides and resin‐injection index.Clinical ConsiderationsEffective planning is important when aiming to deliver a comprehensive and multidisciplinary workflow, and digital tools serve as invaluable aids.ConclusionThe use of a fully digital workflow in a comprehensive dental treatment resulted in a predictable and successful outcome for a restoration of a canine that was transformed into a central incisor.Clinical SignificanceThis approach highlights the efficacy of digital technology in achieving precise and successful dental restorations, emphasizing its significance in modern dental practice.
Life‐history parameters of adult females of Merluccius capensis (Gadidae) off the south coast of South Africa
Authors: Nomxego Lungelwa C. J. , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd , Sauer Warwick , Lipinski Marek R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the life‐history parameters of female Merluccius capensis off South Africa (N = 1819) during 2014–2016, including gonadosomatic index (GSI), length‐at‐maturity, length–weight relationships, and condition indices (relative condition [k] and Fulton's condition factor [K]). We detected weak indications of two peaks of spawning within the year, the first in austral autumn from March to May, whereas the other in austral spring around August. GSI was slightly higher in spring and autumn, though still low at all maturity stages (≤7%), though the opposite was true for the actively spawning stage (≥7%) as well as access to less such data during winter‐ and summertime. The length (L) at 50% maturity was around 38 cm (L50), though differences occurred between the two applied staging methods, histology and visual (macroscopic) classification, when L approached infinity. The latter method presented underestimated length at maturity values at the 75 and 95 percentiles (48 and 60 cm) compared to the corresponding percentiles given by histology (50 and 65 cm). There were trivial across‐method differences in L50. However, we found a clear reduction in L50 in view of published information in prior years when this estimate was 48 (1985), 42 (2008), 53 (2011), and 24.8 (2015) cm. Overall, L explained 90% of the variation in whole body weight (W). As the bootstrapped, grand mean growth coefficient was b = 2.98, indicating a slight allometric growth function, there were no significant variations between years, though an isometric growth existed for 2016 with b = 3.0, whereas for 2014 and 2015 this b was 2.98 and 2.93, respectively. In terms of demography, females <60 cm generally showed isometric growth (b = 3) as opposed to allometric growth (b = 2.95) at >60 cm. The relative condition index (k = 1) exhibited higher values than Fulton's K, which was 0.80. Overall, the maternal stock of M. capensis along the south coast seems to be in good condition and likely spawns throughout the year, but we found that the macroscopic data tend to give biased maturity ogives.
Development of high‐quality artificial intelligence for computer‐aided diagnosis in determining subtypes of colorectal cancer
Authors: Weng Weihao , Yoshida Naohisa , Morinaga Yukiko , Sugino Satoshi , Tomita Yuri , Kobayashi Reo , Inoue Ken , Hirose Ryohei , Dohi Osamu , Itoh Yoshito , Zhu Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThere are no previous studies in which computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes correctly. In this study, we developed an original CAD for the diagnosis of CRC subtypes.MethodsPretraining for the CAD based on ResNet was performed using ImageNet and five open histopathological pretraining image datasets (HiPreD) containing 3 million images. In addition, sparse attention was introduced to improve the CAD compared to other attention networks. One thousand and seventy‐two histopathological images from 29 early CRC cases at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine from 2019 to 2022 were collected (857 images for training and validation, 215 images for test). All images were annotated by a qualified histopathologist for segmentation of normal mucosa, adenoma, pure well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma (PWDA), and moderately/poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (MPDA). Diagnostic ability including dice sufficient coefficient (DSC) and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated.ResultsOur original CAD, named Colon‐seg, with the pretraining of both HiPreD and ImageNET showed a better DSC (88.4%) compared to CAD without both pretraining (76.8%). Regarding the attentional mechanism, Colon‐seg with sparse attention showed a better DSC (88.4%) compared to other attentional mechanisms (dual: 79.7%, ECA: 80.7%, shuffle: 84.7%, SK: 86.9%). In addition, the DSC of Colon‐seg (88.4%) was better than other types of CADs (TransUNet: 84.7%, MultiResUnet: 86.1%, Unet++: 86.7%). The diagnostic accuracy of Colon‐seg for each histopathological type was 94.3% for adenoma, 91.8% for PWDA, and 92.8% for MPDA.ConclusionA deep learning‐based CAD for CRC subtype differentiation was developed with pretraining and fine‐tuning of abundant histopathological images.
FOXO1 induced fatty acid oxidation in hepatic cells by targeting ALDH1L2
Authors: Cheng Jiemin , Yang Siqi , Shou Diwen , Chen Jiawei , Li Yongqiang , Huang Chen , Chen Huiting , Zhou Yongjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimLipid metabolism disorder is the primary feature of numerous refractory chronic diseases. Fatty acid oxidation, an essential aerobic biological process, is closely related to the progression of NAFLD. The forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 has been reported to play an important role in lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism through which FOXO1 regulates fatty acid oxidation remains unclear.MethodsTranscriptomic analysis was performed to examine the cellular expression profile to determine the functional role of FOXO1 in HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (PA)‐induced lipid accumulation. FOXO1‐binding motifs at the promoter region of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2 (ALDH1L2) were predicted via bioinformatic analysis and confirmed via luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of ALDH1L2 was induced to recover the impaired fatty acid oxidation in FOXO1‐knockout cells.ResultsKnockout of FOXO1 aggravated lipid deposition in hepatic cells. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that knockout of FOXO1 increased the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis but decreased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1a (CPT1α) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which contribute to fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, FOXO1 was identified as a transcription factor of ALDH1L2. Knockout of FOXO1 significantly decreased the protein expression of ALDH1L2 and CPT1α in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of ALDH1L2 restored fatty acid oxidation in FOXO1‐knockout cells.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that FOXO1 modulates fatty acid oxidation by targeting ALDH1L2.
A cross‐sectional content quality analysis of information in TikTok videos on “Dermarolling (Roller Microneedling)”
Authors: Awad Nardin , Hetzel John , Bhupalam Vishnu , Nestor Mark S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTikTok is one of the fastest‐growing social media platform, and its short‐form videos have become a widely used source of health information. “Dermarolling” is a form of roller microneedling often practiced at home, and patients may be using TikTok to inform their decision to pursue this treatment and their practice of it.AimsThis study assessed the informational content quality, source, and engagement of TikTok dermarolling videos to highlight potentially harmful social media trends.MethodsOn a predetermined date, “dermarolling” was searched on TikTok. The top 75 results were screened. Number of views, creator type, type of video, and whether risks were discussed were recorded. Information quality was assessed using the DISCERN tool. The data were stratified by creator type, and statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.3.2. Median viewership and DISCERN scores were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests with post hoc pairwise Wilcoxon tests. Fisher's exact test was used to compare rates of risk discussion between groups.ResultsSixty‐one of the reviewed videos met the inclusion criteria. Influencer videos engaged the largest overall audience and had higher median viewership than other creators. Physicians, primarily dermatologists, created exclusively educational content and influencers created mostly experience‐based content. Overall content quality was generally low‐moderate, with a median (IQR) DISCERN score of 30.5 (26.5–33.5). Physician content had higher median DISCERN scores than influencers (p = 0.004) and others (p = 0.004). Physicians were more likely to discuss risks compared to influencers (p = 0.02).ConclusionsTikTok content on “dermarolling” was of relatively low quality, and nonphysicians command a large viewership. Physician‐created content is often of higher informational quality, and dermatologists should escalate their efforts to engage patients in this space to mitigate the effects of potential misinformation.