bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of milk composition and coagulation traits on Grana Padano cheese yield under field conditions
Authors: Pretto Denis , De Marchi Massimo , Penasa Mauro , Cassandro Martino 
Published: September 2012

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chemical composition, coagulation properties, pH, and titratable acidity (TA, SH°/50 ml) of vat milk on Grana Padano cheese yield (CY) under field conditions. Twelve cheese-making sessions were carried out from February to December 2009 in a dairy cooperative of Grana Padano Consortium (Italy), for a total of 96 vats of milk processed. For each vat, samples of raw milk were collected and analysed for quality traits (fat, protein, and casein contents), pH, TA, and milk coagulation properties (MCP), measured as rennet coagulation time (RCT, min), curd-firming time (k20, min), and curd firmness (a30, mm). Cheese yield was expressed as kilograms of cheese per 100 kg milk transformed, and was measured after 2 d of drainage. Fat, protein, and casein contents were positively and strongly correlated with CY (coefficients of correlation, r = 0·72, 0·88, and 0·84, respectively; P < 0·001). Coagulation properties were moderately and significantly (P < 0·001) related to CY: milk that coagulated earlier and had stronger a30 was associated to greater CY. Cheese yield was analysed with a model that accounted for fixed effects of cheese-making day, fat and protein content, TA, and a30. Significance was found for all the effects (P < 0·05). Milk characterised by high values of a30 resulted in higher CY than milk with low values of a30, indicating that MCP could be used as indicators of cheese-making efficiency. Future research should investigate the relationships between MCP and quality of cheese, and explore the feasibility of including MCP in multiple component milk pricing system for Grana Padano cheese production.
On nail scissors and toothbrushes: responding to the philosophers' critiques of Historical Biblical Criticism
Authors: BRINKS C. L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe rise in interdisciplinary scholarship between philosophy and theology has produced a number of critiques of historical biblical criticism (HBC) by philosophers of religion. Some dialogue has resulted, but these critiques have gone largely unnoticed by historical critical scholars. This article argues that two such critiques of HBC, offered by Plantinga and Stump, are undermined by faulty presuppositions on the philosophers' part regarding the nature and value of HBC and misunderstandings of the nature of the ancient texts on which the discipline of HBC focuses.
The Cultural Context of Juvenile Justice Policy in Israel
Authors: AJZENSTADT MIMI , KHOURY-KASSABRI MONA 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe paper explores the evolution of rehabilitative, rights and economic discourses, and their effect on the development of juvenile justice policies in Israel during the last two decades. Israel has adopted the main features of a neo-liberal regime and severe cuts were made to major social welfare programmes, including those dealing with juvenile offenders. However, the neo-liberal ideas of individualisation and responsibilisation did not penetrate the area of juvenile delinquency. A renewed welfarist discourse in Israel was created instead. This strongly relied on traditional beliefs in rehabilitation and treatment based on a child-centred culture, incorporating concepts of rights and embedded in practical economic considerations.
CONTINUING THE DEBATE ON ROME'S EARLIEST CIRCUIT WALLS
Authors: Bernard Seth G. 
Published: September 2012

Rome's pre-Imperial circuit walls pose a particular problem of reconstruction: collectively, their 11 km course represents the largest single monument of the early city, but our understanding of this structure is based on an assemblage of several dozen disparate archaeological sites. After tracing the interpretation of these fragments from antiquity to the present, this article examines the literary, topographical and archaeological evidence for the wall's character and date. Ultimately, the non-archaeological data are inconclusive, and the material evidence seems to affirm an early phase (sixth centurybc) focused on individual hilltops, rather than encompassing all hills within a full course. Following this logic, I continue to question the presence of a unified circuit wall at Rome prior to the mid-Republic (fourth centurybc). A concluding section reviews the historical circumstances in support of this view.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY COLONOGRAPHY IN COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Hanly Paul , Skally Mairead , Fenlon Helen , Sharp Linda 
Published: September 2012

Objectives: The European Code Against Cancer recommends individuals aged ≥50 should participate in colorectal cancer screening. CT-colonography (CTC) is one of several screening tests available. We systematically reviewed evidence on, and identified key factors influencing, cost-effectiveness of CTC screening.Methods: PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane library were searched for cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analyses of CTC-based screening, published in English, January 1999 to July 2010. Data was abstracted on setting, model type and horizon, screening scenario(s), comparator(s), participants, uptake, CTC performance and cost, effectiveness, ICERs, and whether extra-colonic findings and medical complications were considered.Results: Sixteen studies were identified from the United States (n = 11), Canada (n = 2), and France, Italy, and the United Kingdom (1 each). Markov state-transition (n = 14) or microsimulation (n = 2) models were used. Eleven considered direct medical costs only; five included indirect costs. Fourteen compared CTC with no screening; fourteen compared CTC with colonoscopy-based screening; fewer compared CTC with sigmoidoscopy (8) or fecal tests (4). Outcomes assessed were life-years gained/saved (13), QALYs (2), or both (1). Three considered extra-colonic findings; seven considered complications. CTC appeared cost-effective versus no screening and, in general, flexible sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood testing. Results were mixed comparing CTC to colonoscopy. Parameters most influencing cost-effectiveness included: CTC costs, screening uptake, threshold for polyp referral, and extra-colonic findings.Conclusion: Evidence on cost-effectiveness of CTC screening is heterogeneous, due largely to between-study differences in comparators and parameter values. Future studies should: compare CTC with currently favored tests, especially fecal immunochemical tests; consider extra-colonic findings; and conduct comprehensive sensitivity analyses.
COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS OF LIRAGLUTIDE VERSUS GLIMEPIRIDE AS ADD-ON TO METFORMIN IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN CHINA
Authors: Gao Lan , Zhao Fei-Li , Li Shu-Chuen 
Published: September 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term cost-utility of liraglutide versus glimepiride as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), based on the results of clinical trial conducted in Asian population.Methods: The validated UKPDS Outcomes Model was used to project life expectancy, quality adjusted life-years (QALYs), incidence of diabetes-related complication and cost of complications in patients receiving those regimens. Baseline cohort characteristics and treatment effects were derived from an Asian study. China-specific complication costs and utility score were taken from local studies. Patients’ outcomes were modeled for 30 years and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated for liraglutide compared with glimepiride from the healthcare system perspective. Both future costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3 percent. Sensitivity analyses were performed.Results: Over a period of 30 years, compared with glimepiride, liraglutide 1.8 mg was associated with improvements in life expectancy (0.1 year) and quality adjusted life-year (0.168 QALY), and a reduced incidence of diabetes-related complications leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per QALY gained versus glimepiride of CNY 25,6871 (DEC 2010, 1 USD = 6.6227 CNY).Conclusions: Long-term projections indicated that liraglutide was associated with increased life expectancy, QALYs, and reduced complication incidences comparing with glimepiride. When the UK cost of liraglutide was discounted by 38 percent, liraglutide would be a cost-effective option in China from the healthcare system perspective using the 3X GDP/capita per QALY as the WTP threshold.
Knowledge exchange: a review and research agenda for environmental management
Authors: FAZEY IOAN , EVELY ANNA C. , REED MARK S. , STRINGER LINDSAY C. , KRUIJSEN JOANNEKE , WHITE PIRAN C. L. , NEWSHAM ANDREW , JIN LIXIAN , CORTAZZI MARTIN , PHILLIPSON JEREMY , BLACKSTOCK KIRSTY , ENTWISTLE NOEL , SHEATE WILLIAM , ARMSTRONG FIONA , BLACKMORE CHRIS , FAZEY JOHN , INGRAM JULIE , GREGSON JON , LOWE PHILIP , MORTON SARAH , TREVITT CHRIS 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThere is increasing emphasis on the need for effective ways of sharing knowledge to enhance environmental management and sustainability. Knowledge exchange (KE) are processes that generate, share and/or use knowledge through various methods appropriate to the context, purpose, and participants involved. KE includes concepts such as sharing, generation, coproduction, comanagement, and brokerage of knowledge. This paper elicits the expert knowledge of academics involved in research and practice of KE from different disciplines and backgrounds to review research themes, identify gaps and questions, and develop a research agenda for furthering understanding about KE. Results include 80 research questions prefaced by a review of research themes. Key conclusions are: (1) there is a diverse range of questions relating to KE that require attention; (2) there is a particular need for research on understanding the process of KE and how KE can be evaluated; and (3) given the strong interdependency of research questions, an integrated approach to understanding KE is required. To improve understanding of KE, action research methodologies and embedding evaluation as a normal part of KE research and practice need to be encouraged. This will foster more adaptive approaches to learning about KE and enhance effectiveness of environmental management.
Endemicity of leptospirosis in domestic and wild animal species from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean)
Authors: DESVARS A. , NAZE F. , BENNEVEAU A. , CARDINALE E. , MICHAULT A. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYLeptospirosis is the major infectious disease on Reunion Island but little is known about the animal reservoir. We conducted a wide-ranging survey that included samples from 574 animals belonging to 12 species. The seroprevalence and prevalence of renal carriage varied greatly depending on the species, with the highest seroprevalence (79·5%) found in Norway rats, and the lowest (13·2%) in tenrecs. The renal carriage rate ranged from 84·6% in mice to 0% in tenrecs. Our results suggest that rodents are the most important reservoirs of leptospirosis on Reunion Island. The epidemiological role that animals play in human infection is discussed. For the first time, we quantified the renal concentration of leptospires in ten naturally infected mammals. The history of Reunion Island colonization probably explains why the circulating Leptospira serogroups were similar to those found in Europe. Our study provides evidence that will help implement preventive measures against this zoonosis.
Prevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella in the childhood population in Singapore, 2008–2010
Authors: ANG L. W. , LAI F. Y. , TEY S. H. , CUTTER J. , JAMES L. , GOH K. T. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYWe undertook a national paediatric seroprevalence survey of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) in Singapore to assess the impact of the national childhood immunization programme against these three diseases after introduction of the trivalent MMR vaccine in 1990. The survey involved 1200 residual sera of Singapore residents aged 1–17 years collected from two hospitals between 2008 and 2010. The overall prevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella was 83·1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80·9–85·1], 71·8% (95% CI 69·1–74·2) and 88·5% (95% CI 86·6–90·2), respectively. For all three diseases, the lowest prevalence was in children aged 1 year (47·8–62·3%). The seroprevalence of the vaccinated children declined over time. The national MMR immunization programme is effective in raising the herd immunity of the childhood population, although certain age groups are more susceptible to infection, in particular, those who are not eligible for vaccination at age <15 months.
Emergency Surgery Data and Documentation Reporting Forms for Sudden-Onset Humanitarian Crises, Natural Disasters and the Existing Burden of Surgical Disease
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. , Nickerson Jason W. , von Schreeb Johan , Redmond Anthony D. , McQueen Kelly A. , Norton Ian , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFollowing large-scale disasters and major complex emergencies, especially in resource-poor settings, emergency surgery is practiced by Foreign Medical Teams (FMTs) sent by governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). These surgical experiences have not yielded an appropriate standardized collection of data and reporting to meet standards required by national authorities, the World Health Organization, and the Inter-Agency Standing Committee's Global Health Cluster. Utilizing the 2011 International Data Collection guidelines for surgery initiated by Médecins Sans Frontières, the authors of this paper developed an individual patient-centric form and an International Standard Reporting Template for Surgical Care to record data for victims of a disaster as well as the co-existing burden of surgical disease within the affected community. The data includes surgical patient outcomes and perioperative mortality, along with referrals for rehabilitation, mental health and psychosocial care. The purpose of the standard data format is fourfold: (1) to ensure that all surgical providers, especially from indigenous first responder teams and others performing emergency surgery, from national and international (Foreign) medical teams, contribute relevant and purposeful reporting; (2) to provide universally acceptable forms that meet the minimal needs of both national authorities and the Health Cluster; (3) to increase transparency and accountability, contributing to improved humanitarian coordination; and (4) to facilitate a comprehensive review of services provided to those affected by the crisis.BurkleFMJr, NickersonJW, von SchreebJ, RedmondAD, McQueenKA, NortonI, RoyN. Emergency surgery data and documentation reporting forms for sudden-onset humanitarian crises, natural disasters and the existing burden of surgical disease. Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(6):1-6.
Comparing attitudes and characteristics of organic, former organic and conventional farmers: Evidence from Ireland
Authors: Läpple Doris 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDespite an overall growth rate of the organic farming sector in the European Union, a considerable number of farmers cease organic production each year. Given the commitment of many European governments to increase the size of their organic farming sectors, reducing the rate of withdrawals from organic production may be an easier option than attracting new farmers into organic farming. In order to reduce the rate of withdrawals, knowledge about those farmers is required. However, to date, little is known about farmers who adopt and subsequently abandon organic farming. This study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by comparing and contrasting the farm and personal characteristics of organic, former organic and conventional farmers. To this end, primary data from 596 Irish cattle and sheep farmers are utilized. Overall, the findings reveal significant differences between the three groups. More specifically, organic farmers are found to be the most environmentally aware farmers, who also rate information gathering as more important than the remaining two groups. Organic farmers are younger, better educated and more likely to be women than conventional farmers. Former organic farmers stand out to be the least risk averse group and also express lower environmental awareness than organic farmers. Conventional farmers are found to be the most profit oriented and least environmentally aware group. In addition, this group farms more intensely stocked enterprises than the remaining groups. The paper concludes with a discussion of some policy recommendations aimed at increasing the size of the organic sector.
Segmentale anti-nozizeptive Effekte durch Dry-needling-Stimulation myofaszialer
Triggerpunkte: Doppelt verblindete randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Weber Karin 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Die Studie klärt die Frage, ob die Stimulation von Secondary Hyperalgesic Locus (SHL) mit
Dry-needling-Anwendungen eine auf einer segmentalen Neuromodulation basierende
systematische anti-nozizeptive Wirkung hervorruft.
Measuring and mapping technology‐fields correlation and its application on China's nanotechnology
Authors: Luan Chunjuan , Wang Xiuping 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to help China's science and technology (abbr. as S&T) managers and related policy makers to allocate S&T human resources, optimize organizational systems of laboratories, design and plan some grant projects, and manage other S&T‐related work in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology, by measuring and mapping of technology‐fields correlation, with nanotechnology as an example.Design/methodology/approachMethodologies such as co‐occurrence analysis, correlation analysis, multidimensional scaling (abbr. as MDS) analysis, dendrogram (tree‐like) analysis, etc. are employed to measure and map technology‐fields correlation.FindingsIt is found that the exact relevance degree of any two technology‐fields exists among the top 33 technology‐fields with high frequencies. There are three industrial clusters in Multidimentional Scaling View, that is, nanotechnology used in bio‐medical industry, nanotechnology used in new material industry and nanotechnology used in electronic industry. Hierarchy of any two technology‐fields can be found out in the dendrogram view of the top 33 technology‐fields.Originality/valueThis paper could be of great significance to China's S&T managers and related policy makers, especially in the area of nanotechnology, in selecting and managing generic technology and the findings in this paper can be applied in some other fields of science and technology management in China. Both technology‐fields correlation analysis and MDS and dendrogram view analysis could benefit China's policy makers in managing nanotechnology research and development activities.
Seed germination from lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) fecal samples collected during the dry season in the northern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: BARCELOS Adriana Renata , BOBROWIEC Paulo Estefano D. , SANAIOTTI Tânia Margarete , GRIBEL Rogério 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study evaluated the potential of lowland tapirs as seed dispersers in the northern Brazilian Amazon. The study analyzed the viability of seeds after passage through the gut. Fecal samples were collected from 6 different vegetation physiognomies in Viruá National Park during the dry season. The samples were then kept in a greenhouse for 16 months to allow the seeds to germinate. The seedling species were identified and classified according to the type of fruit, plant habit, seed size and type of ingestion. Of the 111 fecal samples, 94 (84.7%) had viable seeds of 75 species. Melastomataceae was the most frequent family with viable seeds in the fecal samples (69.1% of samples, N= 18 species). The data suggest that the importance of the lowland tapirs as dispersers is not restricted to the species consumed actively by frugivory but also extends to species accidentally consumed during browsing. The occurrence of both large and small viable seeds in the fecal samples as well as a number of large drupes, which probably cannot be transported via endozoochory by any other animal species, provide evidence of the ecological importance of lowland tapirs to the dynamics of the forest‐campinarana vegetation mosaic in the region.
Biological consequences of global change for birds
Authors: MØLLER Anders Pape 
Published: September 2012

AbstractClimate is currently changing at an unprecedented rate; so also human exploitation is rapidly changing the Earth for agriculture, forestry, fisheries and urbanization. In addition, pollution has affected even the most remote ecosystems, as has the omnipresence of humans, with consequences in particular for animals that keep a safe distance from potential predators, including human beings. Importantly, all of these changes are occurring simultaneously, with increasing intensity, and further deterioration in both the short and the long‐term is predicted. While the consequences of these components of global change are relatively well studied on their own, the effects of their interactions, such as the combined effects of climate change and agriculture, or the combined effects of agriculture through nutrient leakage to freshwater and marine ecosystems and fisheries, and the effects of climate change and urbanization, are poorly understood. Here, I provide a brief overview of the effects of climate change on phenology, diversity, abundance, interspecific interactions and population dynamics of birds. I address whether these effects of changing temperatures are direct, or indirect through effects of climate change on the phenology, distribution or abundance of food, parasites and predators. Finally, I review interactions between different components of global change.
Gastric exocrine and endocrine cell morphology under prolonged acid inhibition therapy: results of a 5‐year follow‐up in the LOTUS trial
Authors: Fiocca R. , Mastracci L. , Attwood S. E. , Ell C. , Galmiche J.‐P. , Hatlebakk J. , Bärthel A. , Långström G. , Lind T. , Lundell L. ,   the LOTUS trial collaborators
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundSustained acid inhibition with PPI stimulates gastrin secretion, exerting a proliferative drive on enterochromaffin‐like cells (ECL cells) of the oxyntic mucosa. It may also accelerate development of gastric gland atrophy in Helicobacter pylori‐infected individuals.AimsTo evaluate gastric exocrine and endocrine cell changes in GERD patients randomised to laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS, n = 288) or long‐term (5 years) esomeprazole (ESO) treatment (n = 266).MethodsAntral and corpus biopsies were taken at endoscopy and serum gastrin and chromogranin A levels were assayed, at baseline and after 1, 3 and 5 years’ therapy.ResultsBiopsies were available at each time point for 158 LARS patients and 180 ESO patients. In H. pylori‐infected subjects, antral mucosal inflammation and activity improved significantly (P < 0.001) and stabilised after 3 years on esomeprazole while no change in inflammation was observed after LARS. Oxyntic mucosal inflammation and activity remained stable on esomeprazole but decreased slightly over time after LARS. Neither intestinal metaplasia nor atrophy developed in the oxyntic mucosa. ECL cell density increased significantly after ESO (P < 0.001), corresponding with an increase in circulating gastrin and chromogranin A. After LARS, there was a significant decrease in ECL cell density (P < 0.05), accompanied by a marginal decrease in gastrin and chromogranin.ConclusionsAntral gastritis improved in H. pylori‐infected GERD patients after 5 years on esomeprazole, with little change in laparoscopic antireflux surgery patients, who acted as a control. Despite a continued proliferative drive on enterochromaffin‐like cells during esomeprazole treatment, no dysplastic or neoplastic lesions were found and no safety concerns were raised. NCT 00251927.