bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of cefdinir levels in rat plasma and urine by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of cefdinir
Authors: Jin Hyo‐Eon , Kim In‐Bong , Kim Chong‐Kook , Maeng Han‐Joo 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA selective and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC‐MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of cefdinir in rat plasma and urine. Following a simple protein precipitation using methanol, chromatographic separation was achieved with a run time of 10 min using a Synergi 4 µ polar‐RP 80A column (150 × 2.0 mm, 4 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (65:35, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The protonated precursor and product ion transitions for cefdinir (m/z 396.1 → 227.2) and cefadroxil, an internal standard (m/z 364.2 → 208.0) were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring in positive ion mode. The calibration curves for plasma and urine were linear over the concentration range 10–10,000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. All accuracy values were between 95.1 and 113.0% and the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <13.0% relative standard deviation. The stability under various conditions in rat plasma and urine was also found to be acceptable at three concentrations. The developed method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of cefdinir after oral and intravenous administration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Performance and Stability of the Pt‐W/ZSM‐5 Catalyst for the Total Oxidation of Propane: The Role of Tungsten
Authors: Zhu Zengzan , Lu Guanzhong , Guo Yun , Guo Yanglong , Zhang Zhigang , Wang Yanqin , Gong Xue‐Qing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTungsten‐modified 1.5 wt. % platinum supported on ZSM‐5 catalysts were prepared, and their performances for the total oxidation of propane and the role of tungsten in the catalysts were investigated. The results show that the addition of tungsten can improve the catalytic activity of Pt/ZSM‐5. When the tungsten loading is 5 wt. %, the Pt‐5W/ZSM‐5 catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic activity and its turnover frequency is more than 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the Pt/ZSM‐5 catalyst. Analyses of the surface properties of catalysts reveal that metallic platinum is scarcely found on the Pt/ZSM‐5 catalyst without tungsten; the addition of tungsten can modify the nature of platinum species, which results in the presence of metallic platinum in the Pt‐W/ZSM‐5 catalyst. The amount of metallic platinum in the Pt‐W/ZSM‐5 catalyst depends on the tungsten loading and can correlate directly with its catalytic activity. Therefore, the oxidation resistance of platinum in the Pt‐W/ZSM‐5 catalyst seems to be responsible for the improved catalytic activity in propane oxidation. In addition, the Pt‐5W/ZSM‐5 catalyst demonstrates higher stability; no deactivation of the Pt‐W/ZSM‐5 catalyst is observed after the online test for 50 h, with the temperature alternating between 200 °C for 10 h and 500 °C for 10 h. Therefore, the Pt‐5W/ZSM‐5 catalyst demonstrates better catalytic activity for propane oxidation than the Pt/ZSM‐5 catalyst after online aging at 700 °C for 30 h.
Application of NMR spectroscopy for assignment of the absolute configuration of 8‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐8‐methyl‐9‐oxa‐6‐azaspiro[4.5]dec‐6‐en‐10‐one
Authors: Jakubowska Anna , Sowa Agnieszka , Żylewski Marek , Kulig Katarzyna 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to assign the absolute configurations of 8‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐8‐methyl‐9‐oxa‐6‐azaspiro[4.5]dec‐6‐en‐10‐one (2a, 2b), their esters (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) with (R)‐ or (S)‐2‐methoxyphenylacetic acid (4a, 4b) have been synthesized. The absolute configurations of these compounds have been determined on the basis of NOESY correlations between the protons of the tert‐butyl group and the cyclopentane fragment of the molecules. The crucial part of this analysis was assignment of the absolute configuration at C‐5. Additionally, by calculation of the chemical shift anisotropy, δRS, for the relevant protons, it was also possible to confirm the absolute configurations at the C‐2 centres of compounds 2a, 2b and 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d. Chirality, 25:422–426, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards self‐caring MapReduce: a study of performance penalties under faults
Authors: Kadirvel Selvi , Fortes José A.B. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySelf‐caring IT systems are those that can proactively avoid system failures rather than reactively handle failures after they have occurred. In this paper, we focus on failures in which a MapReduce job is unable to execute within an service‐level agreement based completion time. The existing fault‐tolerance capability provided by MapReduce frameworks such as Hadoop, is simple and the penalty associated with handling faults could potentially lead to excessive job execution times. Our goal in this paper is to bring out the severity of this penalty for different job and framework parameters. We quantitatively evaluate the penalty in execution time associated with node faults using the MRPerf simulator. We then perform an empirical study of penalties on a virtualized testbed consisting of Xen domains, by varying system characteristics along four dimensions: hardware, application, dataset, and fault types. Through simulation and empirical results, we show that job‐completion‐time service‐level agreement violations can be reduced using dynamic resource scaling. Scaling leverages, the elastic properties of a virtualized environment, to mitigate execution time penalties and hence proactively avoids a potential job failure. We show that using resource scaling, performance penalties can be decreased to less than 5% of the no‐fault execution time, at minimal additional cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE RESPONSE OF OFFLINE DETENTION BASINS TO INLET STRUCTURE DESIGN
Authors: Abawallo Shewanesh Segni , Brandimarte Luigia , Maglionico Marco 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA detention basin is a structural measure used to manage floods by temporarily storing a portion of the incoming water volume in selected areas. The design of the inlet and outlet structures is crucial for the optimal efficiency of the detention system. This paper investigates the sensitivity of flood peak reduction through an offline detention basin to the design characteristics of the inlet structures. The response of the efficiency is studied by varying the design characteristics of the different inlet components: elevation and length of the lateral weir and elevation, location and type of in‐line structure. The response of the detention basin to the different inlet layouts is evaluated by means of three performance criteria, two at the detention basin section and one at a downstream control section. Laboratory data available for the detention basin under implementation on the Navile channel (Italy) were used to calibrate a 1D numerical model in steady‐state conditions. The calibrated model was then used in simulating different inlet alternatives in unsteady state to determine the most influential layout characteristics on flood peak reduction. The results of this study can provide general guidelines for the design of the inlet structure of detention basins having similar structural components. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Strength Development at the Proximal Femur in 4- to 10-Year-Old Precompetitive Gymnasts: A 4-Year Longitudinal Hip Structural Analysis Study
Authors: Gruodyte-Raciene Rita , Erlandson Marta C , Jackowski Stefan A , Baxter-Jones Adam DG 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Gymnastics, a high-impact weight-bearing physical activity, has been shown to be highly osteogenic. Previously in this cohort, bone mass development (bone mineral content accrual [BMC]) was shown to be positively associated with low-level (recreational) gymnastics exposure (1 to 2 hours per week); however, BMC is only one single component of bone strength. Bone strength is influenced not only by bone mineralization but also bone geometry, bone architecture, and the imposing loads on the bone. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-level gymnastics training influenced the estimated structural geometry development at the proximal femur. A total of 165 children (92 gymnasts and 73 non-gymnasts) between the ages of 4 and 6 years were recruited into this study and assessed annually for 4 years. During the 4 years, 64 gymnasts withdrew from the sport and were reclassified as ex-gymnasts. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) image of each child's hip was obtained. Values of cross-sectional area (CSA), section modulus (Z), and cortical thickness (CT) at the narrow neck (NN), intertrochanter (IT), and shaft (S) were estimated using the hip structural analysis (HSA) program. Multilevel random-effects models were constructed and used to develop bone structural strength development trajectories (estimate ± SEE). Once the confounders of body size and lifestyle were controlled, it was found that gymnasts had 6% greater NN CSA than non-gymnasts controls (0.09 ± 0.03 cm2, p &lt; 0.05), 7% greater NN Z (0.04 ± 0.01 cm3, p &lt; 0.05), 5% greater IT CSA (0.11 ± 0.04 cm3, p &lt; 0.05), 6% greater IT Z (0.07 ± 0.03 cm3, p &lt; 0.05), and 3% greater S CSA (0.06 ± 0.03 cm3, p &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that early exposure to low-level gymnastics participation confers benefits related to geometric and bone architecture properties during childhood and, if maintained, may improve bone health in adolescence and adulthood. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
SNP rs6265 Regulates Protein Phosphorylation and Osteoblast Differentiation and Influences BMD in Humans
Authors: Deng Fei-Yan , Tan Li-Jun , Shen Hui , Liu Yong-Jun , Liu Yao-Zhong , Li Jian , Zhu Xue-Zhen , Chen Xiang-Ding , Tian Qing , Zhao Ming , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a major index for diagnosing osteoporosis. PhosSNPs are nonsynonymous SNPs that affect protein phosphorylation. The relevance and significance of phosSNPs to BMD and osteoporosis is unknown. This study aimed to identify and characterize phosSNPs significant for BMD in humans. We conducted a pilot genomewide phosSNP association study for BMD in three independent population samples, involving ∼5000 unrelated individuals. We identified and replicated three phosSNPs associated with both spine BMD and hip BMD in Caucasians. Association with hip BMD for one of these phosSNPs, ie, rs6265 (major/minor allele: G/A) in BDNF gene, was also suggested in Chinese. Consistently in both ethnicities, individuals carrying the AA genotype have significantly lower hip BMD than carriers of the GA and GG genotypes. Through in vitro molecular and cellular studies, we found that compared to osteoblastic cells transfected with wild-type BDNF-Val66 (encoded with allele G at rs6265), transfection of variant BDNF-Met66 (encoded with allele A at rs6265) significantly decreased BDNF protein phosphorylation (at amino acid residue T62), expression of osteoblastic genes (OPN, BMP2, and ALP), and osteoblastic activity. The findings are consistent with and explain our prior observations in general human populations. We conclude that phosSNP rs6265, by regulating BDNF protein phosphorylation and osteoblast differentiation, influences hip BMD in humans. This study represents our first endeavor to dissect the functions of phosSNPs in bone, which might stimulate extended large-scale studies on bone or similar studies on other human complex traits and diseases. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Benfotiamine Enhances Antioxidant Defenses and Protects against Cisplatin‐Induced DNA Damage in Nephrotoxic Rats
Authors: Harisa Gamaleldin I. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to assess superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), paraoxonase (PON1), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) activities ratio and their relationship with DNA oxidative damage in rats treated with cisplatin (3 mg/kg bwt/day) in the presence and absence of benfotiamine (100 mg/kg/day) for 25 days. Cisplatin‐induced renal damage was evidenced by renal dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress markers. SOD activity and levels of nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine were significantly increased by cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the ratios of GPx/GR, SOD/GPx, SOD/CAT, and SOD/PON1 were significantly increased compared to control. In contrast, glutathione levels were significantly decreased by cisplatin treatment. Simultaneous treatment of rats with cisplatin and benfotiamine ameliorate these variables to values near to those of control rats. This study suggests that benfotiamine can prevent cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting formation reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:398‐405, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21501
Green and Rapid Strategy for Synthesis of Novel and Known Pyrroles by the Use of Molybdate Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Karami Bahador , Khodabakhshi Saeed , Jamshidi Masih 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMolybdate sulfuric acid as a highly efficient catalyst has been employed for the modified Paal–Knorr synthesis of some novel and known pyrroles under solvent‐free conditions. Catalyst loads as low as 1 mol% could be used leading to high yields of pure pyrrole derivatives at an oil bath temperature of 60 °C. This method has advantages such as the use of very low amounts of a recyclable catalyst, avoidance of organic solvents, and high product yields.
Molecular Dynamics Insight into the Diverse Thermodynamic Behavior of a Beta‐Hairpin Peptide
Authors: Tsai Min‐Yeh , Yuan Jian‐Min , Yamaki Masahiro , Lin Chih‐Kai , Lin Sheng Hsien 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe b‐hairpin is a building block in the β‐sheet structure. Understanding the formation of the β‐hairpin may provide insight into the formation of β‐sheet structures in, for example, protein amyloids. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the temperature‐dependent transition behaviors of the GB1 β‐hairpin peptide. The simulated results are analysed in terms of distances between pairs of peptide bonds and site‐dependent dihedral angles. Our results show that the properties of the hairpin can be site‐dependent and that the dependency is primarily associated with the hairpin's geometrical shape and specific interactions, such as hydrophobic clustering. Thus our study provides a foundation for the interpretation of probe‐dependent experimental results.
Sonography of fat necrosis of the breast: Correlation with mammography and MR imaging
Authors: Atasoy Mehmet Mahir , Ören Nisa Cem , Ilica Ahmet Turan , Güvenç İnanç , Günal Armağan , Mossa‐Basha Mahmud 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFat necrosis (FN) of the breast is a benign nonsuppurative inflammatory process of the adipose tissue. The radiologic appearance ranges from benign to suspicious for malignancy; therefore, it is very important to know the distinguishing radiologic features of FN on different modalities. Mammography is more helpful in identifying FN than ultrasonography in most of the cases, and MRI may also be used to rule out malignancy as an adjunct to mammography and sonography. Even when modern diagnostic modalities are used, biopsy may still be unavoidable for some cases. In conclusion, an accurate history and familiarity with the radiologic findings are crucial to recognizing FN and avoiding unnecessary interventions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:415–423, 2013
A case of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: Correlations between contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and histopathologic findings
Authors: Watanabe Manabu , Shiozawa Kazue , Ikehara Takashi , Kanayama Masahiro , Kikuchi Yoshinori , Ishii Koji , Okubo Youichiro , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Sumino Yasukiyo 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTSclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a recently recognized benign vascular lesion of the spleen. Detection of SANT as an incidentaloma has increased due to improvements in imaging techniques. However, a definitive diagnosis of SANT on CT or MRI remains difficult. We report the use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid in a case of SANT in a 50‐year‐old woman, with gross and microscopic pathologic correlations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:103–107, 2014
Educational impact of using smartphones for clinical communication on general medicine: More global, less local
Authors: Wu Robert C. , Tzanetos Katina , Morra Dante , Quan Sherman , Lo Vivian , Wong Brian M. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDMedical trainees increasingly use smartphones in their clinical work. Similar to other information technology implementations, smartphone use can result in unintended consequences. This study aimed to examine the impact of smartphone use for clinical communication on medical trainees' educational experiences.DESIGNQualitative research methodology using interview data, ethnographic data, and analysis of e‐mail messages.ANALYSISWe analyzed the interview transcripts, ethnographic data, and e‐mails by applying a conceptual framework consisting of 5 educational domains.RESULTSSmartphone use increased connectedness and resulted in a high level of interruptions. These 2 factors impacted 3 discrete educational domains: supervision, teaching, and professionalism. Smartphone use increased connectedness to supervisors and may improve supervision, making it easier for supervisors to take over but can limit autonomy by reducing learner decision making. Teaching activities may be easier to coordinate, but smartphone use interrupted learners and reduced teaching effectiveness during these sessions. Finally, there may be professionalism issues in relation to how residents use smartphones during encounters with patients and health professionals and in teaching sessions.CONCLUSIONSWe summarized the impact of a rapidly emerging information technology—smartphones—on the educational experience of medical trainees. Smartphone use increase connectedness and allow trainees to be more globally available for patient care but creates interruptions that cause trainees to be less present in their local interactions with staff during teaching sessions. Educators should be aware of these findings and need to develop curriculum to address the negative impacts of smartphone use in the clinical training environment. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:365–372. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Scalable models of microwave system responses using sequential sampling on unstructured grids
Authors: Chemmangat Krishnan , Ferranti Francesco , Dhaene Tom , Knockaert Luc 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents two sequential sampling algorithms for the macromodeling of parameterized system responses in model‐dependent sampling frameworks. The construction of efficient algorithms for the automatic selection of samples for building scalable macromodels of frequency‐domain responses is addressed in this paper. The sequential sampling algorithms proposed here are tailored toward the application of local scalable macromodeling schemes on unstructured design space grids. Two pertinent examples are considered. For the first one, different algorithms are applied, and a comparison is made in terms of the number of samples generated, accuracy and CPU time. As a second example, four design variables are taken into account with one of the proposed algorithms, and the generated model is used in a frequency‐domain optimization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends of temperature extremes in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almazroui Mansour , Islam M. Nazrul , Dambul Ramzah , Jones P. D. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn characterizing the patterns of climate change across Saudi Arabia, several extreme indices are calculated from station values daily maximum and minimum temperature data. The trend analyses are performed on 13 annual extreme indices for Saudi Arabia, using observations from 27 surface stations with high‐quality data for the period 1981–2010. RClimDex is used to calculate the indices, and simple regression methods are employed for the trend analysis. The analyses of extreme temperature indices detected a significant increase in the majority of the stations, which further indicates that the country has experienced a warming trend. The findings show that 92/89% of the stations displayed a significant increase in the annual occurrence of warm days/nights and 96/93% revealed a significant decrease for the occurrence of cool days/nights. Time‐series analysis has also shown an important feature of the climate change signal. When the dataset is divided into two sub‐periods, the analysis reveals a distinctive long‐term trend that clearly distinguishes the two periods. It was found that the temperature extremes (hot and cold) in Saudi Arabia have increased significantly with greater magnitude in the recent‐past (1996–2010) compared to the previous period (1981–1995). The most telling evidence for this is the heat‐ and cold‐waves, where indices of both have occurred more frequently in the second part of the two sub‐periods.
Designer colloids in structured food for the future
Authors: Douaire Maelle , Norton Ian T 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent advances in the understanding of colloids has enabled the design of food products that are healthier and tastier, in line with consumer expectations. Specifically, emulsion design and hydrocolloid structuring can be used to address the issue of fat reduction in foods by allowing the production of reduced fat products that provide similar sensory attributes. Additionally, various techniques for encapsulating molecules, such as flavour, nutraceuticals or drugs, are now being developed. The application of such techniques in food products can improve micronutrient bioavailability by means of targeted and controlled delivery, increasing the nutritional value. Colloidal structures can also be designed to enhance consumer experience, mimic fat or control satiety. Such novel improvements, as well as their potential translation into commercial food products, are highlighted in this paper, which focuses primarily on the areas of emulsion technologies and hydrocolloids. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic variability related to serum uric acid concentration and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: González‐Aramburu Isabel , Sánchez‐Juan Pascual , Jesús Silvia , Gorostidi Ana , Fernández‐Juan Eduardo , Carrillo Fátima , Sierra María , Gómez‐Garre Pilar , Cáceres‐Redondo María T. , Berciano José , Ruiz‐Martínez Javier , Combarros Onofre , Mir Pablo , Infante Jon 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow serum uric acid (UA) levels have been associated with increased Parkinson's disease (PD) risk and accelerated disease progression. We analyzed the effect of polymorphisms in 9 genes influencing serum UA concentration on the risk of PD.MethodsWe genotyped SLC2A9 rs734553, ABCG2 rs2231142, SLC17A1 rs1183201, SLC22A11 rs17300741, SLC22A12 rs505802, GCKR rs780094, PDZK1 rs12129861, LRRC16A+SCGN rs742132, and SLC16A9 rs12356193 in 1061 PD patients and 754 controls. For each subject we calculated a cumulative genetic risk score (GRS), defined as the total number of PD‐risk alleles (range, 2–15) associated to lower serum UA levels. Serum UA levels were measured in a subgroup of 365 PD cases and 132 controls.ResultsSerum UA levels were significantly lower in men with PD than in controls. Subjects (both men and women) carrying more than 9 risk alleles (third GRS tertile) had a 1.5 higher risk of developing PD than subjects with less than 8 risk alleles (first GRS tertile). An inverse correlation was observed between higher GRS and lower serum UA concentration in both men and women.ConclusionsGenetic variability influencing serum UA levels might modify susceptibility to PD. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society