bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ФИЛЬТРОВ ДЛЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ СИГНАЛОВ В РЕАЛЬНОМ ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors: Кудрявцев К. Я. 
Published: June 2024

Предлагается методика применения цифровых фильтров для классификации управляющих сигналов в режиме реального времени. Сигналы могут поступать от различных управляющих датчиков, установленных на управляемом устройстве, например мобильном роботе. Управляющие сигналы поступают от датчиков, подвергаются обработке, классификации, и в дальнейшем используются для управления мобильным робототехническим устройством. Существует большое количество алгоритмов классификации сигналов, в основе которых лежит выделение характерных особенностей сигнала, таких как амплитуда, частота, среднее значение и др. Большинство алгоритмов классифицируют сигналы на основе характеристик (features) во временном домене. В данной работе предлагается использовать частотные характеристики сигнала и на их основе осуществлять классификацию, применяя узкополосные «гребенчатые» цифровые фильтры. Базовые частоты управляющего сигнала находятся на предварительном этапе с помощью быстрого преобразования Фурье. После того как базовые частоты определены, процесс классификации заключается в фильтрации сырого сигнала набором цифровых узкополосных «гребенчатых» фильтров. Такой подход позволяет классифицировать управляющие воздействия «на лету» в режиме реального времени. Цифровые фильтры могут быть использованы для классификации различных видов сигналов, которые в дальнейшем преобразуются в управляющие команды для мобильного робототехнического устройства.
FOTOĞRAFLARIN TANIKLIĞI: BİRECİK ULU CAMİİ ÜZERİNE BAZI DÜŞÜNCELER
Authors: BİLİCİ Z. Kenan 
Published: June 2024

Fırat nehrine hâkim kalesi ve vaktiyle kenti çevrelediği anlaşılmakla birlikte zamanla büyük ölçüde ortadan kalkmış dış surları ile olduğu kadar günümüze ancak ikisi ulaşabilmiş ve mahallinde “Urfa Kapısı” (Bâb-ı Ruha) ve “Meçan Kapısı” (Vâdi-i Ceng) diye de bilinen ve kitâbelerinden Memlûk Sultanı Kayıtbay tarafından 15.yüzyılın sonlarında inşa ettirildiği anlaşılan kent kapılarıyla dikkati çeken kent, Osmanlı çağında ve 16.yüzyılda Halep ve Bağdat’ın iskelesi olarak gemi kerestesi, silâh, cephâne, barut ve ticâri emtianın depolandığı bir yerleşme olduğu gibi, başta Hindistan’dan gelen baharat ve ipek olmak üzere Uzakdoğu mallarının kervanlarla taşınarak Haleb ve Şam yoluyla Trablus, İskenderun ve Payas gibi Akdeniz limanlarına nakledildiği İpek yolu üzerindeki önemli bir kavşak noktası olma özelliğini de yüzyıllar boyunca korumuştur.
Yerleşmenin kuzey-batı yönünde yükselerek Ortaçağ kentini taçlandıran tarihî kalenin güney eteklerinde ve vaktiyle Fırat nehri kıyısında yer aldığı anlaşılan Ulu Cami, kuzey-güney önünde uzanan dikdörtgen planlı bir oturum alanına yayılan ve farklı tarihlerde gerçekleştirilen tâmir, tâdil ve tevsii işlemleriyle günümüze ulaşan çeşitli yapılar topluluğunun oluşturduğu bir manzumedir. Hâlihazırda sıkışık ve düzensiz bir kentsel alanda ve etrafı üç yönden konutlarla çevrili durumdaki yapının, geçmişte Fırat nehri kenarında yer alan batı cephesinin tamamı, kenti batı sahili boyunca kateden geniş bir cadde oluşturulmak amacıyla 1970’li yılların başında doldurulmuş; bu fizikî değişiklik sırasında, anılan cephenin aslî unsurları da caddenin dolgu toprak kotunun altında bırakılmıştır.
“Birecik Ulu Camii” olarak yayınlara geçen, buna karşılık Max von Oppenheim tarafından 1909 yılında yayımlanan “Inschriften aus Syrien, Mesopotamien und Kleinasien” adlı kitap için 1899 yılında çekilmiş ve “Moschee ed Tekkije el Bahrije” (Bahriye Tekkesi Camii) ibâresiyle kaydedilmiş olan yapı, farklı tarihlerde gerçekleştirildiği anlaşılan fizikî müdâhaleler dolayısıyla aslî plan ve strüktürel özelliklerini zamanla kaybetmiş; kezâ, fotoğraflarla belgelendiği 19.yüzyılın sonlarındaki görünümü de, içinde yer aldığı tarihî kentsel mekânla birlikte zaman içerisinde büyük değişikliklere uğramıştır. Buna karşılık, manzumeyi oluşturan yapılar topluluğunun hâlihazır plan ögeleri ve kimi mekânsal düzenlemeler ile 19.yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren çekilmiş fotoğraflarına bakılarak restitütif bir değerlendirme yapılabilmesi imkânı yine de bulunabilir. Strüktürel özellikleri kadar, sözkonusu fotoğraflar da, Birecik Ulu Camii’nin, bir bütün olarak, geç Osmanlı çağında gerçekleştirilen inşa faaliyetlerinin bir ürünü olduğuna tanıklık etmektedir.
FOLKLORİK SERAMİK BİBLOLAR
Authors: BELLEYİCİ Alime , YILMAZ Seyhan 
Published: June 2024

Anadolu kültürünün en köklü unsurlarından birisi olan giyim kuşam kültürü büyük zenginliğe sahiptir. Bu zenginlik yedi coğrafi bölgenin yanı sıra illerde, bağlı bulunduğu ilçelerde ve hatta köylerde bile benzer ve farklı yönleriyle göze çarpmaktadır. Söz konusu zenginlik bağlı bulunduğu yerin yaşamı, inançları ve gelenekleriyle şekillenmektedir. Ancak içinde bulunduğumuz çağın etkileriyle geleneklerin değişmesi, buna bağlı olarak modanın da evrimleşmesiyle giyim kuşam kültürü zamanla değişmektedir. Çoğu giyim geleneği yok olmuş veya yok olmaya yüz tutmuştur. Tamamen yok olan giyim kültürüne ait bilgilere kayıtlar üzerinden ulaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede kaybolmaya yüz tutmuş olan Anadolu folklorik giyim kuşam kültürünün seramik biblolar üzerinden izi sürülmektedir.
Anadolu’da seramik sanatının tarihi incelendiğinde figürlü objeler olarak ilk örneklerin Ana Tanrıça heykelcikleri ile başladığı görülmektedir. Sonraki dönemlerde mezar hediyesi, oyuncak ve biblo gibi figürlerle devam etmiştir. Bu çalışmada tarihsel süreçte üretilen figürlü objeler ele alınarak 12. yüzyıldan itibaren üretilen seramik biblolar Anadolu folklorik giysileri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında özellikle kadın folklorik giysilerinin ele alındığı Türkiye’deki dört coğrafi bölgeden Ankara, Ardahan, Bursa, Çanakkale, Tokat ve Yozgat illerine ait folklorik giysili biblolar seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı ve buna bağlı önemi, kaybolmaya yüz tutmuş geleneksel kültüre dikkat çekmek, gelecek nesillere farklı sanat disiplini aracılığı ile ilgili kültürün tanıtımını sağlamak ve Türkiye’de üretilen biblo geleneğinin mevcut durumunu ortaya koymaktır.
Sonuç olarak Avrupa’da çeşitli fabrikaların üretimi olan Anadolu’ya özgü ilk bibloların, kaliteli ve ince işçilikleriyle porselenden yapıldıkları görülmüştür. Biblolarda Osmanlı Dönemi’nin giyim kuşam kültürü ile saray halkının betimlendiği anlaşılmıştır. 12. yüzyıldan başlamak üzere Anadolu’da üretilen örneklerin çoğunlukla çini ve seramik olarak düşük dereceli bünyeler olduğu, yine o dönemin geleneksel unsurlarının biblolar üzerinde sergilendiği bilgisine ulaşılmıştır. Günümüz örnekleri arasından seçilen altı farklı ilin folklorik biblo figürlerinde; her bir figürün üzerinde ayırt edici giysi özelliklerinin betimlenmiş olduğu gerek kumaşlardaki ayrıntıdan gerekse aksesuarlar açısından ince işçilik örneklerinin dikkat çektiği görülmüştür.
Some profiles of diabetic CKD patients with AVF on haemodialysis
Authors: Abbass Hassan Zainab 
Published: June 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major chronic non communicable diseases that affect millions globally. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to end stage kidney disease (CKD).
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess some profiles of diabetic end stage kidney disease patients with AVF on haemodialysis at baseline and adequacy of treatment after three months follow up regarding different clinical and laboratory parameters. Methodology: The current prospective study was carried out in the haemodialysis unit in AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital (Iraq / Thi-Qar) from April to July 2016. The number of patients included in the study was (24) patients. Results: The majority of patients were not educated and 50 % of them were smokers. The adherence rate of the patients with haemodialysis schedule was 50%. The prevalence of HCV infection was significantly higher among adherent than non-adherent patients. Conclusion: The management of diabetic end stage kidney disease patients with AVF on maintenance haemodialysis is considered inadequate and there was a high rate of acquiring viral hepatitis C infection after beginning sessions of hemodialysis.
Bacterial contamination of Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al-Nasiriyah city, Thi – Qar province
Authors: N. Abid Intidhaar 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the types of bacteria which contaminated the Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al –Nasiriyah city, Thi – Qar province. It was collected 75 paper currencies in circulation which included 15 of each one for five category of (250, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000 ) dinars from different sources (fish vendors, vegetable sellers, cafeteria, officers, butchers) .the study was appeared the higher number of aerobic plate count (APC)were founded in denomination 1000 dinar in range ( 40 -900 )C.F.U. / ml, while the lowest number were in denomination 250 dinar in range (20-80) C.F.U . / ml . Sixty five of different bacterial isolates were obtained from 75 samples of paper currency., the denomination 250 was contaminated with the highest number of isolates ,it recorded 18(27.7%)isolates . Escherichia coli was predominated among other bacteria, it was registered 12(18.46%) followed by Micrococcus sp.(9(13.8%)). Streptococcus sp. was registered the lowest number (1(1.53%))among other isolates .The number of bacterial isolates that obtained from paper currency of fish venders was more than that in other possesses , it was reached 17 (26.15%), and the paper currency of Officers showed the lowest number of isolates(7(10.76%)).
The effect of lactose and fermentation products on paracellular calcium absorption and femur biomechanics in rats
Authors: Yuan Yvonne , Kitts David D. , Nagasawa Takeshi 
Published: June 2024

<p>The paracellular absorption and subsequent utilization of calcium was examined in male Wistar rats fed diets containing a skim milk protein concentrate (SMPC), SMPC + 20% lactose (ML) SMPC + 50% lactose (HL) and yogurt powder concentrate (Y), respectively. Animals fed the HL diet exhibited a lower (p ≤ 0.05) food intake resulting in decreased calcium intake and body weight gain to SMPC, ML and Y fed animals. Plasma α-amino nitrogen and triglyceride levels were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in HL fed animals than SMPC and ML fed animals, indicating nutrient malabsorption in these animals. Intestinal absorption and femur deposition of 45Ca were not different in SMPC, ML and Y fed animals, but significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced in HL fed animals. Femur ash weight and mineral composition were not affected by dietary treatment, but femur weight and biomechanical bone hardness were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in HL fed animals. Our results indicate that lactose enhancement of calcium absorption occurs at a critical intestinal concentration of lactose and is not seen when substituted with lactose fermentation products. There was no evidence indicating a difference between calcium bioavailability from milk and yogurt dairy sources. The reduced bone strength in HL fed animals could not be attributed to reduced femur mineralization. A greater effect associated with other forms of nutrient malabsorption is suspected.</p>
Malaysian Model of Death Khairat Money Scheme (DKMS): A Preliminary Review on Its Implementation in Mosque Institution
Authors: Shahbuddin Zawin Hannan Sofea , Gunardi Setiyawan , Ab. Rahman Azman , Salleh Ahmad Zaki , Syed Omar Syed Mohd Najib , Mohd Noor Khairunneezam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Death khairat or known as death charity, and funeral administration are closely related concepts. Considering the tradition of managing the remains of the deceased within the Malaysian community, the average mosque institution has formed its own Death Khairat Money Scheme (DKMS). While Skim Wang Khairat Kematian (SWKK) is the Malay term for managing the procedure and equipment of the corpse. This DKMS is a fund intended to prepare in the event of death without considering financial matters in managing the deceased’s remains. The management of DKMS in mosque institutions is not uniform and varies from location to location. This shows that the implementation of the DKMS model is flexible and not strict, depending on the suitability of the population and area. Hence, a random study has investigated the DKMS model implemented in several Malaysian states. A qualitative methodology has already been implemented based on a literature review and interviews with DKMS managers at the mosque, such as the DKMS chairman, DKMS treasurer, and DKMS secretary. As a result, a new model can be proposed to help mosque institutions develop and implement DKMS more effectively and brilliantly. Next, it is hoped that the new model will significantly impact the Muslim community, especially among the youth participating in this DKMS.

Abstrak: Khairat kematian dan pengurusan jenazah adalah satu terma yang saling berkait rapat antara satu sama lain. Melihat kepada adat pengurusan jenazah masyarakat di Malaysia, rata-rata institusi masjid telah mengadakan dan mewujudkan khairat kematiannya yang tersendiri ataupun nama lainnya ialah Skim Wang Khairat Kematian (SWKK) bagi menguruskan proses dan kelengkapan perihal jenazah. SWKK ini merupakan satu tabung yang bertujuan sebagai persediaan apabila berlakunya sesuatu kematian tanpa perlu memikirkan soal kewangan dalam pengurusan Jemaah si mati. Namun begitu, pengurusan SWKK di institusi masjid dilihat tidak seragam dan berbeza dari satu tempat ke satu tempat. Ini menunjukan bahawa pelaksanaan model SWKK ini adalah fleksibel dan tidak ketat bergantung kepada kesesuaian penduduk dan kawasan. Oleh yang demikian, satu kajian secara rawak telah dilakukan bagi mengkaji model SWKK yang telah diaplikasikan di beberapa negeri di Malaysia. Metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan kajian kepustakaan dan temu bual bersama para pengurus SWKK di institusi masjid seperti pengerusi SWKK, bendahari SWKK dan juga setiausaha SWKK telah pun dilakukan. Natijahnya, satu model baharu dapat dicadangkan bagi membantu institusi masjid mengembangkan dan melaksanakan SWKK dengan lebih berkesan dan cemerlang. Seterusnya, diharapkan supaya model baharu tersebut mampu memberi impak yang besar terhadap masyarakat Muslim terutama di kalangan belia dalam menyertai SWKK ini.
Designing Learning Using Infographic from Kitab Turath Syllabus
Authors: Zakaria Zulkarnin , Adnan Liyana Amalina , Khairul Jumat Maisarah Amirah Khairul Jumat , Wan Ahmad Zakry Wan Kamaruddin  , Tg Ainul Farha Tg Abdul Rahman  , Nurdalila A’wani Abd Aziz  
Published: June 2024

Abstrak: Kolej PERMATA Insan’s integrated Islamic gifted curriculum model emphasizes the use of research and innovation in the understanding of Islamic knowledge with modern science and technology subjects. Kitab Turath, the established traditional Islamic reference, delves deeply into the religion's various disciplines and how they affect every aspect of human life. This paper aims to design a holistic infographic of the Kitab Turath text Tayyib Al-Ihsan Fi Tibb Al-Insan, an old Malay medical reference written by Wan Ahmad Ibn Wan Muhammad Zayn Al-Fatani. This assignment of Ulumuddin project was assigned to nine Level 2 students (17-year-old students), who attended a series of lectures given by an academic specialized in the Turath text. They were further assisted by the STEM lecturers, and Quran instructors to understand the information and knowledge of the text explained earlier. Toward the end of the project, each student created an infographic based on the selected topic explained, and their work was checked for accuracy by the respective lecturers. This paper discusses the preliminary findings to assess the effectiveness of the project and assignment process. The research team can utilize the data gathered here to improve and consider the Turath project as a form of teaching and learning enrichment process in the integration of Naqli and Aqli knowledge for the academic staff and college's students.

Abstract: Model kurikulum pintar berbakat Islam bersepadu Kolej PERMATA Insan menekankan penggunaan penyelidikan dan inovasi dalam pemahaman ilmu Islam dengan mata pelajaran sains dan teknologi moden. Turath, merupakan rujukan Islam tradisional yang mendalami pelbagai disiplin agama dan mempengaruhi setiap aspek kehidupan manusia. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi merekabentuk kandungan sains perubatan tradisional Melayu di dalam kitab Turath Tayyib Al-Ihsan Fi Tibb Al-Insan, rujukan perubatan Melayu lama yang ditulis oleh Wan Ahmad Ibn Wan Muhammad Zayn Al-Fatani. Kajian secara kualitatif ini melibatkan sembilan pelajar Tahap 2 (pelajar berumur 17 tahun), yang menghadiri empat siri kuliah yang diberikan oleh ahli akademik yang pakar dalam teks Turath perubatan tradisional Melayu ini. Mereka seterusnya dibantu oleh pensyarah STEM dan guru al-Quran untuk memahami maklumat dan pengetahuan teks yang dijelaskan sebelum ini. Menjelang akhir projek, setiap pelajar mencipta infografik berdasarkan topik yang dipilih yang dijelaskan, dan hasil kerja mereka telah disemak ketepatannya oleh pensyarah masing-masing. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan penemuan awal untuk menilai keberkesanan projek dan proses tugasan. Pasukan penyelidik menggunakan data yang dikumpul sebagai satu bentuk proses pengayaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam integrasi ilmu Naqli dan Aqli bagi kakitangan akademik dan pelajar kolej.
Penyuluhan Tentang Komponen Elektronika Guna Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Siswa SMA Negeri 8 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Fitrilina Fitrilina , Rodiah Yuli , Priyadi Irnanda 
Published: June 2024

Teknologi yang menggunakan Elektronika dapat ditemukan dimana-mana dan hampir semua bidang menggunakannya. Sebelum memasuki jenjang Universitas sebaiknya siswa/i SMA mengenal dan mengetahui dunia Teknik Elektro khususnya dibidang Elektronika. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penyuluhan tentang komponen elektronika dengan tujuan membuka dan mengembangkan wawasan siswa SMAN 8 Bengkulu mengenai Teknik Elektro sehingga mereka lebih termotivasi dan meningkatkan minat serta bakatnya dalam bidang elektronika. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah Penyuluhan dan Evaluasi Kegiatan. Materi yang diberikan berupa teori dasar elektronika, komponen elektronika, cara kerja dan penggunaan komponen tersebut dalam rangkaian elektronika serta video alat elektronika (elektromedis) yang telah dirancang oleh mahasiswa Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Bengkulu. Evaluasi kegiatan dengan memberikan kuisioner kepada semua peserta mencakup materi yang diberikan. Kuisioner diberikan untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal siswa sebelum dan setelah mengikuti penyuluhan, sehingga diketahui pengaruh kegiatan ini dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa terhadap bidang elektronika. Didapat hasil peningkatan yang signifikan, pada kelompok nilai 70 s/d 85 (baik) sebesar 28,6 % dan nilai >85(sangat baik) sebesar 36,9 %. Dapat dikatakan terjadi peningkatan 65,5% setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dan 84,4 % peserta telah memahami komponen elektronika. Hal ini menunjukan tujuan kegiatan telah tercapai, siswa menyatakan puas dan disarankan selanjutnya pelatihan membuat rangkaian elektronika sederhana.
Prevalence of Sinonasal Cancer in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta in The Period between January 2017 and December 2022
Authors: Indrasari Sagung Rai , Herdini Camelia , Yudistira Danu , Mary Cynthia 
Published: June 2024

Background: Sinonasal cancer is considered a rare disease and data concerning the disease in Indonesia still requires extensive research. This study aimed to describe the factors that contribute to the incidence and outcome of sinonasal cancer. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta between January 2017 and December 2022. Data regarding histopathological type, sex, age, location of tumor, presence of metabolic syndrome, staging, treatment, overall survival, and cancer recurrence were extracted from the patient’s medical records. All patients diagnosed with sinonasal cancer within the period were included in the study. Results: A total of 117 patients were included in this study ranging from 11 to 85 years of age and averaging 54,5 years. Most patients were diagnosed within the age range of 51 – 60 years. SCC was found to be the most common and it was more prevalent in males than in females. More patients were found to have suprastructure tumors. Most patients were not recorded to have metabolic syndrome. The majority of patients were diagnosed in the late stage of sinonasal cancer and overall survival for most cases was death. More patients received 2 or less therapy, followed by patients who received all 3 types of treatment. Recurrency was found in only 1,7% of all cases. Conclusion: Several conditions can affect the incidence and outcome of sinonasal cancer which include sex, age of diagnosis, presence of risk factors (e.g. metabolic syndrome), location of tumor, staging, treatment, recurrence, and the histopathological type.
Megavoltage CT/MRI-Guided Radiotherapy with Endorectal Balloon Support for Prostate Cancer Patient with Bilateral Hip Prostheses
Authors: Hama Yukihiro , Tate Etsuko 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Kilovoltage CT-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients with bilateral hip prostheses can be challenging due to metal artifacts. Case Presentation: To compensate for reduced tissue contrast and suppress metal artifacts, a 76-year-old NCCN very high-risk prostate cancer patient underwent megavoltage CT/MRI fusion image-guided radiotherapy with an endorectal balloon. The post-treatment course was uneventful. There were no recurrences or serious side effects 11 years after radiotherapy. Conclusions: Megavoltage CT/MRI-guided radiotherapy with endorectal balloon support may be a viable alternative for a prostate cancer patient with bilateral hip prostheses.
Mitophagy and clear cell renal cell carcinoma: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis
Authors: Jiang Lai , Ren Xing , Yang Jinyan , Chen Haiqing , Zhang Shengke , Zhou Xuancheng , Huang Jinbang , Jiang Chenglu , Gu Yuheng , Tang Jingyi , Yang Guanhu , Chi Hao , Qin Jianhua 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundClear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, characterized by high heterogeneity and complexity. Recent studies have identified mitochondrial defects and autophagy as key players in the development of ccRCC. This study aims to delve into the changes in mitophagic activity within ccRCC and its impact on the tumor microenvironment, revealing its role in tumor cell metabolism, development, and survival strategies.MethodsComprehensive analysis of ccRCC tumor tissues using single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to reveal the role of mitophagy in ccRCC. Mitophagy was determined to be altered among renal clear cells by gene set scoring. Key mitophagy cell populations and key prognostic genes were identified using NMF analysis and survival analysis approaches. The role of UBB in ccRCC was also demonstrated by in vitro experiments.ResultsCompared to normal kidney tissue, various cell types within ccRCC tumor tissues exhibited significantly increased levels of mitophagy, especially renal clear cells. Key genes associated with increased mitophagy levels, such as UBC, UBA52, TOMM7, UBB, MAP1LC3B, and CSNK2B, were identified, with their high expression closely linked to poor patient prognosis. Particularly, the ubiquitination process involving the UBB gene was found to be crucial for mitophagy and its quality control.ConclusionThis study highlights the central role of mitophagy and its regulatory factors in the development of ccRCC, revealing the significance of the UBB gene and its associated ubiquitination process in disease progression.