bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Entry Point and Trajectory for Anterior C1 Lateral Mass Screw
Authors: Hu Yong , Dong Wei-xin , Spiker William Ryan , Yuan Zhen-shan , Sun Xiao-yang , Zhang Jiao , Xie Hui , Albert Todd J. 
Published: April 2015

Study Design:
A radiographic analysis of the anatomy of the C1 lateral mass using computed tomography (CT) scans and Mimics software.

Objective:
To define the anatomy of the C1 lateral mass and make recommendations for optimal entry point and trajectory for anterior C1 lateral mass screws.

Summary of Background Data:
Although various posterior insertion angles and entry points for screw insertion have been proposed for posterior C1 lateral mass screws, no large series have been performed to assess the ideal entry point and optimal trajectory for anterior C1 lateral mass screw placement.

Materials and Methods:
The C1 lateral mass was evaluated using CT scans and a 3-dimensional imaging application (Mimics software). Measuring the space available for the anterior C1 lateral mass screw (SAS) at different camber angles from 0 to 30 degrees (5-degree intervals) was performed to identify the ideal camber angle of insertion. Measuring the range of sagittal angles was performed to calculate the ideal sagittal angle. Other measurements involving the height of the C1 lateral mass were also made.

Results:
The optimal screw entry point was found to be located on the anterior surface of the atlas 12.88 mm (±1.10 mm) lateral to the center of the anterior tubercle. This optimal entry point was found to be 6.81 mm (±0.59 mm) superior to the anterior edge of the atlas inferior articulating process. The mean ideal camber angle was 20.92 degrees laterally and the mean ideal sagittal angle was 5.80 degrees downward.

Conclusions:
These measurements define the optimal entry point and trajectory for anterior C1 lateral mass screws and facilitate anterior C1 lateral mass screw placement. A thorough understanding of the local anatomy may decrease the risk of injury to the spinal cord, vertebral artery, and internal carotid artery. Delineating the anatomy in each case with preoperative 3D CT evaluation is recommended.
Sustainability and risk
Authors: Meins Erika , Sager Daniel 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to identify the relative contribution of sustainability criteria to property value risk.

Design/methodology/approach
– A discounted cash flow (DCF) model is used to assess the effect of a given set of 42 sustainability sub-indicators on property value. The anticipated demand for each sustainability sub-indicator is described by four future states of nature. Their impact on costs or revenue is estimated and included in the model. Subjective probability distributions describe the occurrence of the future states of nature. Monte Carlo simulations of the DCF model are then used to estimate the impact of an individual feature on the risk (volatility) of the property value distribution.

Findings
– The results for Switzerland show that “use of thermal energy” (29.3 per cent), followed by “access to public transportation” (16.3 per cent), “day light” (9.6 per cent) and “story height” (6.3 per cent) have the highest single impact on property value risk.

Practical implications
– The results are used for a risk-based weighting of a sustainability rating. The rating illustrates how sustainability criteria affect the risk of specific properties and are used as a basis for real estate investment decisions.

Originality/value
– In this paper, an effort is made to rigorously ground sustainability ratings in financial theory.
Examining the sentiment-return relationship in European real estate stock markets
Authors: Lang Stephan , Schaefers Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Recent studies in the field of behavioral finance have highlighted the importance of investor sentiment in the return-generating process for general equities. By employing an asset pricing framework, this paper aims to evaluate the performance of European real estate equities, based on their degree of sentiment sensitivity.Design/methodology/approach– Using a pan-European data set, we classify all real estate equities according to their sentiment sensitivity, which is measured relative to the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) of the European Commission. Based on their individual sentiment responsiveness, we form both a high- and low-sensitivity portfolio, whose returns are included in the difference test of the liquidity-augmented asset pricing model. In this context, we analyze the performance of sentiment-sensitive and sentiment-insensitive real estate equities with a risk-adjusted perspective over the period July 1995 to June 2012.Findings– While high-sensitivity real estate equities yield significantly higher raw returns than those with low-sensitivity, we find no evidence of risk-adjusted outperformance. This indicates that allegedly sentiment-driven return behavior is in fact merely compensation for taking higher fundamental risks. In this context, we find that sentiment-sensitive real estate equities are exposed to significantly higher market risks than sentiment-insensitive ones. Based on these findings, we conclude that a sentiment-based investment strategy, consisting of a long-position in the high-sensitivity portfolio and a short-position in the low-sensitivity one, does not generate a risk-adjusted profit.Research limitations/implications– Although this study sheds some light on investor sentiment in European real estate stock markets, further research could usefully concentrate on alternative sentiment proxies.Originality/value– This is the first study to disentangle the relationship between investor sentiment and European real estate stock returns.
Scanning system development and digital beam control method for electron beam selective melting
Authors: Guo Chao , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jun , Ge Wenjun , Yao Bo , Lin Feng 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to correct the beam deflection errors and beam defocus by using a digital scanning system. Electron beam selective melting (EBSM) is an additive manufacturing technology for metal parts. Beam deflection errors and beam defocus at large deflection angles would greatly influence the accuracy of the built parts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The 200 × 200 mm2 scanning area of the electron beam is discretized into 1001 × 1001 points arranged in array, based on which a digital scanning system is developed. To correct the deflection errors, the electron beam scans a 41 × 41 testing grid, and the corrective algorithm is based on the bilinear transformation from the grid points’ nominal coordinates to their measured coordinates. The beam defocus is corrected by a dynamic focusing method. A three-dimensional testing part is built with and without using the corrective algorithm, and their accuracies are quantitatively compared.

Findings
– The testing grid scanning result shows that the accuracy of the corrected beam deflection system is better than ± 0.2 mm and beam defocus at large deflection angles is eliminated visibly. The testing part built with using the corrective algorithm is of greater accuracy than the one built without using it.

Originality/value
– Benefiting from the digital beam control method, the model-to-part accuracy of the system is effectively improved. The digital scanning system is feasible in rapid manufacturing large and complex three-dimensional metal parts.
Phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase III beta is the target of oxoglaucine and pachypodol (Ro 09‐0179) for their anti‐poliovirus activities, and is located at upstream of the target step of brefeldin A
Authors: Arita Minetaro , Philipov Stefan , Galabov Angel S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn recent years, phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase III beta (PI4KB) has emerged as a conserved target of anti‐picornavirus compounds. In the present study, PI4KB was identified as the direct target of the plant‐derived anti‐picornavirus compounds, oxoglaucine and pachypodol (also known as Ro 09‐0179). PI4KB was also identified as the target via which pachypodol interferes with brefeldin A (BFA)‐induced Golgi disassembly in non‐infected cells. Oxysterol‐binding protein (OSBP) inhibitor also has interfering activity against BFA. It seems that this interference is not essential for the anti‐poliovirus (PV) activities of BFA and PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors. BFA inhibited early to late phase PV replication (0 to 6 hr postinfection) as well as PI4KB inhibitor, but with some delay compared to guanidine hydrochloride treatment. In contrast with PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors, BFA inhibited viral nascent RNA synthesis, suggesting that BFA targets some step of viral RNA synthesis located downstream of the PI4KB/OSBP pathway in PV replication. Our results suggest that PI4KB is a major target of anti‐picornavirus compounds identified in vitro for their anti‐picornavirus activities and for some uncharacterized biological phenomena caused by these compounds, and that BFA and PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors synergistically repress PV replication by targeting distinct steps in viral RNA replication.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: A rare entity
Authors: Surendra Gajan , Shetty Umesh 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionChronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an auto‐inflammatory disease which is characterised by non‐infectious bone lesions at multiple sites which have a relapsing nature. Our aim is to examine the role of radiology in diagnosis and management of CRMO patients who have been managed at the Mater Children's Hospital.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of patients who have been managed with CRMO at the Mater Hospital since 2002. Inclusion criteria included a final diagnosis of CRMO. Exclusion criteria were a diagnosis more likely than CRMO. Medical images for each patient were evaluated for lesion features, location of lesion, number of bony lesions and whether or not the radiographic appearance would be characteristic of CRMO.ResultsInitially, 17 patients were included in the study; however, seven patients were excluded due to a more likely alternative diagnosis. In total, 24 lesions were detected; the most common anatomical sites were the spine (25%), feet (25%), ribs (16.7%) and femur (12.5%). Plain radiography lacked sensitivity, but it was important in initial screening and evaluating progress of lesions. MRI is important for targeted investigation and further evaluation of lesions. Bone scintigraphy is useful for detecting other affected sites. Due to the exposure to radiation, computed tomography is generally avoided.ConclusionsThe combination of imaging modalities plays a large role in CRMO diagnosis. CRMO lesions usually appear ill defined with no pathognomonic features. The distribution of bony lesions can aid diagnosis, with lower limbs and clavicles commonly affected.
Complex regional pain syndrome type I: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bussa M. , Guttilla D. , Lucia M. , Mascaro A. , Rinaldi S. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I), formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is a chronic painful disorder that usually develops after a minor injury to a limb. This topical review gives a synopsis of CRPS I and discusses the current concepts of our understanding of CRPS I in adults, the diagnosis, and treatment options based on the limited evidence found in medical literature. CRPS I is a multifactorial disorder. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms of CRPS I are classic and neurogenic inflammation, and maladaptive neuroplasticity. At the level of the central nervous system, it has been suggested that an increased input from peripheral nociceptors alters the central processing mechanisms.MethodsA literature search was conducted using, as electronic bibliographic database, Medline from 1980 until 2014.ResultsAn early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment are necessary to prevent permanent disability.ConclusionsThe pharmacological treatment of CRPS I is empirical and insufficiently effective. Further research is needed regarding the therapeutic modalities discussed in the guidelines. Physical therapy is widely recommended as a first‐line treatment. The efficacy of local anesthetic sympathetic blockade as treatment for CRPS I is questionable.
Informed trading on debt covenant violations: the long and short of it
Authors: Zhu Yushu , Gippel Jennifer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe examine whether disclosure of complex information events reduces information asymmetry by investigating the long‐ and short‐term impact of firms' disclosure of debt covenant violations on the probability of informed trading. We argue debt covenant violation disclosures provide informed agents with a long window of opportunity to trade on their private information largely due to the uncertainty arising from the debt renegotiation process. We find the probability of informed trading is greater after the disclosure, particularly when the violation outcomes are unresolved or where there is concern about possible future violations.
Pregnancy outcomes of Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus defined by the IADPSG's but not by the 1999 WHO's criteria
Authors: Pan Lei , Leng Junhong , Liu Gongshu , Zhang Cuiping , Liu Huikun , Li Min , Tan Linglin , Tian Huiguang , Chan Juliana C. N. , Hu Gang , Yu Zhijie , Yang Xilin 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo compare pregnancy outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) newly defined by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG)'s criteria vs GDM cases missed by a shift from the 1999 World Health Organization (WHO)'s criteria to the IADPSG's.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2012, we recruited 17 808 women who registered within 12 weeks of gestation in Tianjin, China. All women underwent a 50‐g 1‐h glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation and further underwent a 75‐g 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if the GCT result was ≥7·8 mmol/l. Women were divided into four groups, i.e., GDM defined by both criteria, GDM defined by the IADPSG's only, GDM defined by the 1999 WHO's only and non‐GDM by either of them. Large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) and preterm birth were compared among the four groups. Logistic regression was used to control for confounders.ResultsThe use of IADPSG's and the 1999 WHO's criteria detected that 7·7% (n = 1378) and 6·8% (n = 1206) of women had GDM, respectively, with 429 GDM newly identified and 257 women missed by a shift from the 1999 WHO's to the IADPSG's. The IADPSG's newly defined GDM had significantly increased risks of LGA (adjusted OR: 2·23, 95%CI: 1·36–3·64) and macrosomia (2·65, 95%CI: 1·50–4·66) than the 1999 WHO's only defined GDM cases.ConclusionsA shift of the 1999 WHO's criteria to the IADPSG's diagnosed more GDM cases who had worse pregnancy outcomes than those cases missed.
Conditioned agency? The role of children in the audit of Swedish residential care
Authors: Pålsson David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAt a policy level, governments increasingly stress the importance of children's rights and their ability to participate in decision‐making in child welfare services. An example of this is that the Swedish inspectorate targeting children in residential care is required to consult children and to take account of their opinions. This paper details a study exploring the influence that the inspectorate grants children and particularly how children's views influence the inspection process. The study draws on interviews and observations of inspectors as well as an analysis of a representative sample (n = 147) of documentation from inspections performed during 2012. The result indicates different inspectorial rationales, which in turn influence the importance children's opinions are assigned in the inspection process. Moreover, the findings demonstrate difficulties in giving children's views substantial impact on the inspection process. This can be attributed to the fact that most of the regulatory quality criteria used by the authority diverge from the aspects of care that children attach most importance to. The study adds empirical findings to how the participation of children is realized during inspection.
Left Atrial Volume Index at Peak Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Predicts the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Normal Resting Wall Motion
Authors: Abdel‐Salam Zainab , El‐Hammady Walid , Abdel‐Sattar Ahmed , Nammas Wail 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundLeft atrial volume indexed to body surface area (LAVI) measured at rest is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcome at long‐term follow‐up. We explored the value of LAVI measured at peak dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) to identify patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and to discriminate those with multivessel CAD.MethodsWe enrolled 100 patients of 134 consecutively screened patients without resting wall‐motion abnormalities (WMA) referred for DSE. LA volume was measured using the biplane area–length method at rest and at peak DSE. Significant coronary stenosis was defined as ≥50% obstruction of ≥1 sizable artery by coronary angiography.ResultsThe mean age was 57.2 ± 10.6 years (55% males). Fifty‐six patients (56%) had significant CAD by coronary angiography: 28 (28%) had single‐vessel CAD, and 28 (28%) had multivessel CAD. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of stress‐induced LAVI that best discriminates significant CAD was 30.1 mL/m2. Using this cutoff value, significant CAD was identified with a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity 95.5%, PPV 96%, and NPV 84%. The optimal cutoff value of stress‐induced LAVI that best discriminates multivessel CAD was 32.7 mL/m2. Using this cutoff value, multivessel CAD was identified with a sensitivity of 88.7%, specificity 96.5%, PPV 97%, and NPV 89%.ConclusionsIn symptomatic patients who underwent DSE for suspected CAD and had no resting WMA, LAVI measured at peak DSE predicted angiographically significant CAD with acceptable sensitivity and high specificity and predicted multivessel CAD with high sensitivity and specificity.
Risk of liver cirrhosis in patients with tuberculosis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Peng Yen‐Chun , Lin Cheng‐Li , Hsu Wan‐Yun , Chang Chi‐Sen , Yeh Hong‐Zen , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundMost of the previous reports found cirrhosis patients with a high risk of subsequent tuberculosis (TB). However, data about the risk of developing liver cirrhosis in TB patients are limited. As a hepatitis endemic area, the risk of liver cirrhosis in patients with TB should be elucidated in Taiwan.MethodsWe conducted the study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with TB (n = 9339) were identified as the TB cohort and matched with a control (n = 37 356). Each study participant was followed until diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, loss of follow‐up, death, withdrawal from the insurance or until 31 December 2011.ResultsA cumulative incidence of liver cirrhosis in the TB cohort had a significantly higher risk for liver cirrhosis compared with the control (log‐rank test, P < 0·001). The overall incidence of liver cirrhosis was significantly higher in the TB group than in controls [3·83 vs. 2·02 per 1000 person‐year; crude hazard ratio (HR) = 1·88; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·59–2·23]. After controlling for age, gender and comorbidities, the risk was 1·79‐fold (95% CI = 1·50–2·14) higher in the TB group than in the controls. Analysis by Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that TB increased the risk of cirrhosis in patients with either hepatitis B (adjusted HR = 1·91; 95% CI = 1·05–3·47) or hepatitis C (adjusted HR = 2·56; 95% CI = 1·37–4·78).ConclusionAn increased incidence of liver cirrhosis was observed among TB patients in Taiwan.
The Role of Fear of Pain in Headache
Authors: Black Anna Katherine , Fulwiler Joshua C. , Smitherman Todd A. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundRecurrent headache sufferers are often fearful of pain, which disrupts thought processes, interferes with daily activities, and may maintain headache‐related disability through avoidance and associated negative reinforcement.ObjectiveThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to (1) examine differences in fear of pain (FOP) between headache sufferers and non‐headache controls; (2) examine differences in FOP across primary headache diagnostic groups; (3) assess the extent to which FOP predicts headache variables (eg., severity, frequency, disability); and (4) determine whether FOP mediates the relationship between pain severity and headache‐related disability.MethodsThe sample consisted of 908 young adults (M age = 19.5 years; 64.9% female). Of those, 237 (26.1%) met the diagnostic criteria for episodic tension‐type headache (TTH), 232 (25.6%) for episodic migraine (167 [18.4%] without aura and 65 [7.2%] with aura), 38 (4.2%) for chronic migraine, and 19 (2.1%) for chronic TTH; 382 (42.1%) served as non‐headache controls.ResultsFOP differed among groups, with headache sufferers reporting greater FOP than those without headache; migraineurs typically endorsed greater FOP than those with TTH. Among those with headache, FOP significantly predicted headache severity (R2 = 6.1%) and frequency (R2 = 4.5%), and accounted for more variance in disability (R2 = 17.5%) than gender, anxiety, and depression combined (13.8%). Pain severity and disability were strongly associated (r = 0.61, P < .001), and FOP partially mediated this association (indirect effect point estimate = 0.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.23‐0.57).ConclusionsFOP differentiates migraineurs from those without headache and plays a significant role in primary headache, particularly in headache‐related disability. Findings build upon and extend those from previous chronic pain studies and highlight the need for longitudinal and experimental studies to further explore this construct in headache.
Trust and distrust between patient and doctor
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo trust someone is to have expectations of their behaviour; distrust often involves disappointed expectations. But healthy trust and distrust require a good understanding of which expectations are reasonable, and which are not. In this paper,Idiscuss the limits of trustworthiness by drawing on recent studies of trust in the context of defensive medicine, biobanking and cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions.
Eight weeks of dietary overfeeding increases renal filtration rates in humans: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetic hyperfiltration
Authors: Covington J. D. , Bray G. A. , Redman L. M. , Johannsen D. L. , Ravussin E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveDiabetic nephropathy is characterized at its onset by glomerular hyperfiltration. Prospective studies in humans measuring filtration rates with weight gain are lacking. We investigated renal filtration following weight gain induced by overfeeding.DesignEight weeks of overfeeding (40% above energy requirements, 44% fat, 15% protein and 41% carbohydrate) as well as a 6‐month follow‐up after the overfeeding intervention.SubjectsThirty‐five participants (age: 26.7 ±5.3 years; body mass index: 25.5 ± 2.2 kg m−2; 29 m/6f).MeasurementsCreatinine clearance rate (Ccr) from 24‐h urine collection, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), insulin sensitivity/glucose disposal rate (GDR) by a euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp, components from basic metabolic panels and serum lipid panels.ResultsBoth eGFR and Ccr increased with overfeeding (P = 0.04) and serum lipids (all P < 0.05), along with a decrease in insulin sensitivity (P = 0.003). Fasting glucose concentration was not affected (P = 0.98), but the per cent change in Ccr correlated positively with the change in GDR with overfeeding (r = 0.39, P = 0.02). Six months following overfeeding, serum glucose was maintained, and no evidence of urinary glucose was observed at any time‐point.ConclusionsThese data suggest that renal hyperfiltration may act as a mechanism to preserve insulin sensitivity through maintenance of systemic glucose homoeostasis with caloric excess.