bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The JR blood group system (ISBT 032): molecular characterization of three new null alleles
Authors: Hue‐Roye Kim , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Coghlan Gail , Zelinski Teresa , Reid Marion E. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundJra (ISBT 901005) is a high‐prevalence antigen unassigned to a blood group system. People lacking this antigen have been found in all populations studied but most commonly in Asians. Two recent reports established that ABCG2‐null alleles encode the Jr(a–) phenotype and these studies provided the impetus to study other Jr(a−) individuals.Study Design and MethodsBlood samples were part of our rare donor‐patient collection. DNA was isolated and analyzed by standard techniques.ResultsIn samples from 13 Jr(a–) study subjects, we found six alleles with nonsense nucleotide changes, three (c.784T, c.1591T, and c.337T) were novel. Twelve of the samples were homozygous for nonsense single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): eight were c.376T, two were c.706T, one was c.784T, and one was c.1591T. Each of these alleles predicts a truncated ABCG2 product, Gln126Stop, Arg236Stop, Gly262Stop, and Gln531Stop, respectively. One study subject was heterozygous for two nonsense SNPs: c.337C/T (Arg113Stop) and c.736C/T (Arg246Stop).ConclusionsJra is the sole antigen in the newly established JR blood group system (ISBT 032001). The previous ISBT designation (901005) is now obsolete. Since ABCG2null alleles define the Jr(a–) phenotype, an explanation for why no antithetical low‐prevalence antigen to Jra has been found, and also why anti‐Jra made by people with any of these JRnull alleles are mutually compatible has been determined. Based on our findings DNA‐based genotyping can be developed to replace the serologic methods that are currently used to identify Jr(a–) blood donors.
The war on cartels and the social meaning of deterrence
Authors: Parker Christine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe global war on cartels has had much success in introducing tough sanctions for cartel conduct, such as price fixing and market sharing. The policy rhetoric justifying criminalization assumes that compliance can be induced through deterrence. This, in turn, assumes that business people know about the law, believe that they are likely to be caught and face enforcement action and jail if they break the law, and calculate that they should comply. This paper problematizes these policy assumptions using evidence from a survey of a random sample of Australian business people and in‐depth interviews with 25 cartelists. This paper argues that business people's knowledge about the law is less important than their relationship with (or distance from) the law. Corporate elites see themselves as intimate with the law and, therefore, able to strategically “play” the law; while small business people and managers lower down the corporate hierarchy see themselves as “innocent” of any knowledge of the law. The impact of a policy of increased sanctions for misconduct cannot be understood solely in terms of marginal difference in aggregate levels of deterrence. It must also be understood in terms of how it interacts with people's experience of the law to create and maintain or contest and destabilize social segmentation and inequality.
Public Internet Forums: Can They Enhance Argumentative Writing Skills of Second Language Learners?
Authors: Ritchie Mathy , Black Catherine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractImproving university students’ writing skills is always a challenge. In a third‐year French composition course, the researchers introduced the use of public Internet discussion forums to see if that would help achieve the argumentative writing skills goals that were set for this study. The results show that participation in the forums had a positive influence on students’ argumentative skills. The forums forced them to choose a topic, read about it, obtain different points of view, and develop their own, therefore entering a community of practice where language accuracy was important. Students felt that it was beneficial to their intercultural competence and that it had a positive impact on their confidence to use their second language because they were able to interact with native speakers.
Increasing Self‐Regulated Learning Through the LinguaFolio
Authors: Ziegler Nicholas A. , Moeller Aleidine J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWithin foreign language classrooms, one intervention gaining recognition is LinguaFolio, a portfolio‐based formative assessment designed to increase self‐regulated learning. The question emerges whether such an intervention impacts student motivation, learning, and achievement. Researchers conducted a classroom‐based, quasi‐experimental, one‐semester quantitative study with first‐year French and ­Spanish classes at a Midwestern university. Students (N = 168) completed a pre‐ and ­post‐questionnaire. Accuracy in self‐assessment was investigated by comparing data from LinguaFolio to student performance on unit tests. The impact of instructor beliefs on LinguaFolio use was analyzed via questionnaires. The results indicate that LinguaFolio use is linked to increased student intrinsic motivation, increased task‐value, and more accurate self‐assessment of learning. This study supports LinguaFolio as an ­effective approach to increase self‐regulated learning in students.
Identifying appropriate spatial scales of predictors in species distribution models with the random forest algorithm
Authors: Bradter Ute , Kunin William E. , Altringham John D. , Thom Tim J. , Benton Tim G. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Including predictors in species distribution models at inappropriate spatial scales can decrease the variance explained, add residual spatial autocorrelation (RSA) and lead to the wrong conclusions. Some studies have measured predictors within different buffer sizes (scales) around sample locations, regressed each predictor against the response at each scale and selected the scale with the best model fit as the appropriate scale for this predictor. However, a predictor can influence a species at several scales or show several scales with good model fit due to a bias caused by RSA. This makes the evaluation of all scales with good model fit necessary. With potentially several scales per predictor and multiple predictors to evaluate, the number of predictors can be large relative to the number of data points, potentially impeding variable selection with traditional statistical techniques, such as logistic regression.
We trialled a variable selection process using the random forest algorithm, which allows the simultaneous evaluation of several scales of multiple predictors. Using simulated responses, we compared the performance of models resulting from this approach with models using the known predictors at arbitrary and at the known spatial scales. We also apply the proposed approach to a real data set of curlew (Numenius arquata).
AIC, AUC and Naglekerke's pseudo R2 of the models resulting from the proposed variable selection were often very similar to the models with the known predictors at known spatial scales. Only two of nine models required the addition of spatial eigenvectors to account for RSA. Arbitrary scale models always required the addition of spatial eigenvectors. 75% (50–100%) of the known predictors were selected at scales similar to the known scale (within 3 km). In the curlew model, predictors at large, medium and small spatial scales were selected, suggesting that for appropriate landscape‐scale models multiple scales need to be evaluated.
The proposed approach selected several of the correct predictors at appropriate spatial scales out of 544 possible predictors. Thus, it facilitates the evaluation of multiple spatial scales of multiple predictors against each other in landscape‐scale models.
A fractal‐based sampling design for ecological surveys quantifying β‐diversity
Authors: Marsh Charles J. , Ewers Robert M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Species turnover, β‐diversity, underpins a number of ecological processes that define patterns of diversity. Estimates of β‐diversity are dependent upon the spatial scale investigated, and patterns may vary across spatial scales. This presents us with a logistical problem of how to sample sufficiently at fine, local scales through to broad, landscape scales to provide accurate estimates of β‐diversity at all spatial scales.
Here, we present a scalable sampling design based on fractal geometry that is designed to explicitly address questions about β‐diversity. Using simulated communities, we assessed the efficacy of the fractal design, along with two further designs representing subsamples of the fractal design and several classical ecological sampling designs (grids and transects) to estimate β‐diversity across multiple spatial scales using two measures of β‐diversity: community dissimilarity modelled against geographic distance and additive partitioning.
All designs successfully modelled dissimilarity against distance, with the exception of grid sets and transects that were found to be unsuitable. When diversity was partitioned into multiple spatial scales, all sampling designs overestimated large‐scale β‐diversity.
The accuracy of distance‐decay estimates were primarily determined by the spatial configuration of sampling points. By contrast, the accuracy of diversity partitioning estimates was also influenced by sampling effort, with insufficient sampling effort and unsuitable sampling point configuration causing overestimates of β‐diversity at larger spatial scales. We recommend that studies investigating β‐diversity use a cluster‐based configuration of sampling points, such as the fractal‐based design presented here, to ensure accurate and comparable estimates at multiple spatial scales. Furthermore, when comparing results between studies, care should be taken to account for differences in sampling grain, sampling effort and the configuration of sampling points.
An Integrated, Ethically Driven Environmental Model of Clinical Decision Making in Emergency Settings
Authors: Wolf Lisa 
Published: October 2012

PURPOSE:  To explore the relationship between multiple variables within a model of critical thinking and moral reasoning.METHODS:  A quantitative descriptive correlational design using a purposive sample of 200 emergency nurses. Measured variables were accuracy in clinical decision‐making, moral reasoning, perceived care environment, and demographics. Analysis was by bivariate correlation using Pearson's product‐moment correlation coefficients, chi square and multiple linear regression analysis.FINDINGS:  The elements as identified in the integrated ethically‐driven environmental model of clinical decision‐making (IEDEM‐CD) corrected depict moral reasoning and environment of care as factors significantly affecting accuracy in decision‐making.CONCLUSIONS:  The integrated, ethically driven environmental model of clinical decision making is a framework useful for predicting clinical decision making accuracy for emergency nurses in practice, with further implications in education, research and policy.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS:  A diagnostic and therapeutic framework for identifying and remediating individual and environmental challenges to accurate clinical decision making.
Brazilian Validation of the Nursing Outcomes for Acute Pain
Authors: de Fátima Lucena Amália , Holsbach Ilesca , Pruinelli Lisiane , Serdotte Freitas Cardoso Adriana , Schroeder Mello Bruna 
Published: October 2012

PURPOSE:  Validate the outcomes from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) for the Acute Pain nursing diagnosis.METHODS:  The content validation of the seven NOC outcomes and their respective indicators was performed using an adaptation of Fehring's model and was analyzed by descriptive statistics.FINDINGS:  Six were classified as critical and one was classified as supplemental. From the total of 118 indicators, 103 were validated. Of these, 27 were classified as critical and 76 as supplemental.CONCLUSIONS:  The use of the NOC is a viable alternative for the assessment and identification of best practices in nursing care.CLINICAL RELEVANCE:  Validation studies of nursing classifications corroborate the use of the component elements of these instruments in a variety of care settings.
Bright Upconversion Emission, Increased Tc, Enhanced Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties in Er‐Doped CaBi4Ti4O15 Multifunctional Ferroelectric Oxides
Authors: Peng Dengfeng , Wang Xusheng , Xu Chaonan , Yao Xi , Lin Jian , Sun Tiantuo 
Published: October 2012

Er3+‐doped CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT) bismuth layer structured ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by the solid state method. Photoluminescence (UC), dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were systematically studied for the first time. The Er3+‐doped CBT sample showed a bright up‐conversion UC while simultaneously obtaining an increased Curie temperature (Tc), enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The UC properties of Er3+‐doped CBT were investigated as a function of Er3+ concentration and incident pump power. A bright green (556 nm) and a weak red (674 nm) emission bands were obtained under excitation (980 nm) at room temperature, which correspond to the transitions from 4S3/2, and 4F9/2 to 4I15/2, respectively. The dependence of UC emission intensity on pumping power indicated that three‐photon and two‐photon processes are involved in the green and red UC emission, respectively. Studies on dielectric properties indicated that the introduction of Er increased the Tc with relatively smaller values of dielectric loss of CBT, thus making this ceramic suitable for sensor applications at higher temperatures. Ferroelectric and piezoelectric measurements showed that the Er3+‐doped ceramics showed an increase in remnant polarization and piezoelectric constant. As a multifunctional material, Er‐doped CBT ferroelectric oxide showed great potential in sensor, optical‐electro integration, and coupling device applications.
Dip‐Pen Lithography of BiFeO3 Nanodots
Authors: Jung Inhwa , Son Jong Yeog 
Published: October 2012

We demonstrate the dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) process of BiFeO3 nanodots forming a nanodot at any desired position. The BiFeO3 nanodots exhibited a size increment from 30 to 180 nm for the deposition time between 0.1 and 10 s. This position‐controlled DPN using a silicon nitride cantilever produced an array of the ferroelectric nanodots with a minimum lateral dimension of about 30 nm on a Nb‐doped SrTiO3 substrate. We further confirmed canonical ferroelectric responses of the minimum‐sized nanodot using piezoelectric force microscopy.
The Tungsten Carbide Involving the Nano Metal Cobalt Domains Synthesized by Carburizing the Cobalt Supersaturated‐Tungsten Powder with CO Gas
Authors: Morishita Masao , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Okahira Tokitake , Yoshioka Motohide , Fukumuro Naoki , Matsuda Hitoshi , Ikebe Masaaki , Iwasaki Masahiro , Yanagita Hidefumi , Nishimaki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2012

The WC involving the nano metal cobalt domains has been prepared by a gas‐solid reaction between the cobalt nonequilibrium supersaturated‐tungsten powder and carbon mono‐oxide gas (CO). The metal Co domains formed in the WC were found to be spherical with a diameter of approximately 60 nm by observing the microstructure with a high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The 88.36 mass% WC – 11.64 mass% Co hard metal was prepared by liquid‐phase sintering at 1623 K from the powder compact which was mixture of the WC involving the Co domains and the cobalt powder as binder phase. A nano‐scale fine structure composed of the WC with average diameter, dAv, of approximately 500 nm was obtained. Its Vickers hardness was found to be Hv 1663 ± 43, being nearly equal to the 95.5 mass% WC–4.5 mass% Co with 1–2 μm WC grains. That is, reduction of 7 mass% WC was accomplished. The WC involving the Co domains is expected to be used as raw materials to form the nano‐scale microstructure in the hard metals, resulting in reduction in W components.
Do larger frugivores move seeds further? Body size, seed dispersal distance, and a case study of a large, sedentary pigeon
Authors: Wotton Debra M. , Kelly Dave 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimWorld‐wide declines in large‐bodied frugivores may change seed deposition patterns dramatically if body mass influences seed dispersal‐related traits, such as dispersal distance. We quantified movement patterns and seed dispersal distances by Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae (kereru), the fifth‐largest surviving pigeon world‐wide. We then reviewed how body mass affects seed dispersal distance among fruit‐eating birds globally.LocationTaranaki and Canterbury, New Zealand.MethodsWe radio‐tracked 24 kereru, following each bird continuously for up to 8.5 h, for a total of 43 tracking‐days during the peak fruiting season (February–April). We estimated seed dispersal distances for three fleshy‐fruited species using a mechanistic model based on kereru movements and seed retention times. We analysed global data for volant avian frugivores to determine the effect of body mass on time spent in fruiting trees, seed retention time, and dispersal distance.ResultsKereru were highly sedentary, with an average of 32 ± 39 (mean ± SD) minutes and maximum of 315 minutes between flights. Kereru flew a mean of 77 ± 159 m and maximum of 1457 m in a single flight. They dispersed 66–87% of ingested seeds away from the parent plant. Mean seed dispersal distances for Beilschmiedia tawa, Vitex lucens and Pseudopanax arboreus were 95, 98 and 61 m, respectively, with all species dispersed up to 1469 m. For all three species, 79–88% of seeds were dispersed < 100 m and < 1% were dispersed > 1 km from the parent plant. Globally, both the mean time spent in fruiting trees and seed retention time increased with increasing frugivore body mass. However, retention time increased faster, and therefore the dispersal distance and percentage of seeds moved away from the parent increased with body mass.Main conclusionsDespite sedentary behaviour, kereru disperse many seeds away from the parent plant due to their even longer gut passage time, a function of their large size. Large‐bodied frugivores are disproportionately important as dispersers not only because they can swallow larger fruits, but also because they are more likely to deposit seeds away from the parent plant and at greater distances.
Submammary Device Implantation in Women: A Step‐by‐Step Approach
Authors: GIUDICI MICHAEL C. , MEIERBACHTOL CYNTHIA J. , PAUL DEBORAH L. , KRUPA ROSELYN K. , VAZQUEZ LAUREN D. , SERGE BAROLD S. 
Published: October 2012

Submammary Device Implantation in Women. Introduction: The frequency of device implantation is increasing in younger patients as our ability to diagnose long‐QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Brugada Syndrome, and other life‐threatening disorders earlier has improved. Similarly, use of cardiac resynchronization therapy and ICD therapies has increased in cardiomyopathy patients.Methods and Results: Device implantation in young women has unique considerations. Standard pectoral implants lead to excessive scar formation due to skin tension and interfere with purse straps, bra straps, and seat belts. There are also privacy and body image concerns as the subclavian region is exposed with many contemporary fashions.Results: Over an 11‐year period, we implanted pacemakers, implantable converter‐defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices (defibrillators or pacemakers) in 60 women, aged 13–70 years, using a 2‐incision submammary approach. Follow‐up surveys were performed using the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS). Women with submammary device placement reported significantly greater device acceptance (M = 92.41, SD = 6.46) than women with standard implant technique (M = 70.29, SD = 17.85); t (54) =–6.08, P < 0.001, on the FPAS. Across subscales on the FPAS, women with submammary device placement also reported significantly less body image concern (P < 0.001), less device‐related emotional distress (P < 0.001), and greater confidence in returning to life appropriately (P = 0.01) than women with standard device placement.Conclusion: We present here our technique for submammary device implantation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 476‐479, April 2013)
Long‐Term Outcome of Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Originating from Nonpulmonary Vein Ectopy
Authors: CHANG HUNG‐YU , LO LI‐WEI , LIN YENN‐JIANG , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , HU YU‐FENG , LI CHENG‐HUNG , CHAO TZE‐FAN , CHUNG FA‐PO , HA TRUNG LE , SINGHAL RAHUL , CHONG ERIC , YIN WEI‐HSIAN , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , HSIEH MING‐HSIUNG , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: October 2012

Long‐Term Outcome of NPV AF Ablation. Introduction: Data regarding the long‐term outcome of catheter ablation in patients with nonpulmonary vein (NPV) ectopy initiating atrial fibrillation (AF) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the long‐term result of patients with AF who had NPV triggers and underwent catheter ablation.
Methods and Results:
The study included 660 consecutive patients (age 54 ± 11 years old, 477 males) who had undergone catheter ablation for AF. Group 1 consisted of 132 patients with AF initiating from the NPV, and group 2 consisted of 528 patients with AF initiating from pulmonary vein (PV) triggers only. Patients from Group 1 were younger than those from Group 2 (51 ± 12 years old vs 54 ± 11 years old, P = 0.001) and were more likely to be females (34.4% vs 25.8%, P = 0.049). The incidences of nonparoxysmal AF (36.4% vs 16.3%, P < 0.001) and right atrial (RA) enlargement (31.3% vs 19%, P = 0.004) were higher, and the biatrial substrates were worse in Group 1 than those in Group 2 (left atrial voltage 1.5 ± 0.7 mV vs 1.9 ± 0.7 mV, P < 0.001, RA voltage 1.6 ± 0.5 mV vs 1.8 ± 0.6 mV, P = 0.014). During a follow‐up period of 46 ± 23 months, there was a higher AF recurrence rate in Group 1 than in Group 2 (57.6% vs 38.8%, P < 0.001). The independent predictors of AF recurrence were NPV trigger (P < 0.001, HR 2, 95% CI 1.4–2.85), nonparoxysmal AF (P = 0.021, HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.07–2.24), larger left atrial diameter (P = 0.002, HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07) and worse left atrial substrate (P = 0.028, HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.03–1.64).
Conclusion:
Compared to AF originating from the PV alone, AF originating from the NPV ectopy showed a worse outcome. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 250‐258, March 2013)