bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Family-Centered Transition Processes From Hospital Settings to Home: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Desai Arti D. , Popalisky Jean , Simon Tamara D. , Mangione-Smith Rita M. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Objectives:
The quality of care transitions is of growing concern because of a high incidence of postdischarge adverse events, poor communication with patients, and inadequate information transfer between providers. The objective of this study was to conduct a targeted literature review of studies examining the effectiveness of family-centered transition processes from hospital- and emergency department (ED)-to-home for improving patient health outcomes and health care utilization.

Methods:
We conducted an electronic search (2001–2012) of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Included were experimental studies of hospital and ED-to-home transition interventions in pediatric and adult populations meeting the following inclusion criteria: studies evaluating hospital or ED-to-home transition interventions, study interventions involving patients/families, studies measuring outcomes ≤30 days after discharge, and US studies. Transition processes, principal outcome measures (patient health outcomes and health care utilization), and assessment time-frames were extracted for each study.

Results:
The search yielded 3458 articles, and 16 clinical trials met final inclusion criteria. Four studies evaluated pediatric ED-to-home transitions and indicated family-tailored discharge education was associated with better patient health outcomes. Remaining trials evaluating adult hospital-to-home transitions indicated a transition needs assessment or provision of an individualized transition record was associated with better patient health outcomes and reductions in health care utilization. The effectiveness of postdischarge telephone follow-up and/or home visits on health care utilization showed mixed results.

Conclusions:
Patient-tailored discharge education is associated with improved patient health outcomes in pediatric ED patients. Effective transition processes identified in the adult literature may inform future quality improvement research regarding pediatric hospital-to-home transitions.
Long-term Plans for Those Selecting Hospital Medicine as an Initial Career Choice
Authors: Freed Gary L. , McGuinness Gail A. , Althouse Linda A. , Moran Lauren M. , Spera Laura 
Published: April 2015

Background:
The proportion of the newly graduated pediatric workforce that becomes hospitalists has been increasing slightly over the past decade. However, it is unknown what proportion of those who accept hospitalist positions as their first job intend to remain in the field longer term. This is important to workforce projections regarding the magnitude of those who will function in this role.

Methods:
The American Board of Pediatrics incorporated a structured questionnaire within the online application process to the General Pediatrics certification application. Respondents identified as residents or chief residents who selected “hospitalist position” as their immediate postresidency plan were the focus this study. We compared survey responses by gender and location of the medical school attended.

Results:
Since the initiation of the general pediatrics certification examination application survey, 6335 completed the questionnaire. 79% (n = 5001) were either in residency training or were a chief resident. Of those, 8% (n = 376) reported they planned to work as a pediatric hospitalist immediately after completing residency. Fewer than half (43%; n = 161) reported this to be their long-term career plan. This finding varied by both medical school type and by gender.

Conclusions:
The majority of pediatric residents and chief residents who take hospitalist positions immediately after training do not intend for hospital practice to be the long-term focus of their careers. As the field of hospital medicine continues to develop, understanding career trajectories can help inform current and future efforts regarding the potential for different mechanisms for training and certification.
Screening and Routine Supplementation for Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Systematic Review
Authors: McDonagh Marian S. , Blazina Ian , Dana Tracy , Cantor Amy , Bougatsos Christina 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Supplementation and screening for iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in young children may improve growth and development outcomes. The goal of this study was to review the evidence regarding the benefits and harms of screening and routine supplementation for IDA for the US Preventive Services Task Force.METHODS:We searched Medline and Cochrane databases (1996–August 2014), as well as reference lists of relevant systematic reviews. We included trials and controlled observational studies regarding the effectiveness and harms of routine iron supplementation and screening in children ages 6 to 24 months conducted in developed countries. One author extracted data, which were checked for accuracy by a second author. Dual quality assessment was performed.RESULTS:No studies of iron supplementation in young children reported on the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental delay. Five of 6 trials sparsely reporting various growth outcomes found no clear benefit of supplementation. After 3 to 12 months, Bayley Scales of Infant Development scores were not significantly different in 2 trials. Ten trials assessing iron supplementation in children reported inconsistent findings for hematologic measures. Evidence regarding the harms of supplementation was limited but did not indicate significant differences. No studies assessed the benefits or harms of screening or the association between improvement in impaired iron status and clinical outcomes. Studies may have been underpowered, and control factors varied and could have confounded results.CONCLUSIONS:Although some evidence on supplementation for IDA in young children indicates improvements in hematologic values, evidence on clinical outcomes is lacking. No randomized controlled screening studies are available.
Adolescent Drug Testing Policies in Schools
Authors: Levy Sharon , Schizer Miriam ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE, Ammerman Seth D. , Gonzalez Pamela K. , Ryan Sheryl A. , Siqueira Lorena M. , Smith Vincent C. 
Published: April 2015

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed July 2021.
School-based drug testing is a controversial approach to preventing substance use by students. Although school drug testing has hypothetical benefits, and studies have noted modest reductions in self-reported student drug use, the American Academy of Pediatrics opposes widespread implementation of these programs because of the lack of solid evidence for their effectiveness.
Study on the Concentration of a Silicon Oxide Micro-sphere on Modified Asphalt with SBS Copolymer.
Authors: Olivos Peralta Eliot U. , González García Esteban A. , Nájera Rafael Herrera 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis work deals with the effect of the concentration of microsphere of silicon oxide (MS) in SBS-modified asphalt.A series of blends having 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % w/w of MS were prepared from a SBS-modified asphalt having 3 % weight/weight of SBS and known amount of MS. Samples were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, to get an idea of the polymer distribution in the blend; and by conventional tests such as penetration, soft point, density and viscosity, to investigate on the thermo-mechanical resistance of such a blends. It was observed that an increase in the MS resulted in a decreased of the soft point and density, an increased the viscosity, and did no affect the penetration of the sample. Therefore, it was concluded that SBS-MS-modified asphalt is an interesting material for producing polymer-modified asphalt layers.
Superplasticizer for High Strength Concrete
Authors: Rendon Diaz Miron Luis E. , Lara Magaña Maria E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn the early 1970s, experts predicted that the practical limit of ready-mixed concrete would be unlikely to exceed a compressive strength greater than 90 MPa [1]. Over the past two decades, the development of high-strength concrete has enabled builders to easily meet and surpass this estimate. The primary difference between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete relates to the compressive strength that refers to the maximum resistance of a concrete sample to applied pressure. Although there is no precise point of separation between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete, the American Concrete Institute defines high-strength concrete as concrete with a compressive strength greater than 45 MPa. Manufacture of high-strength concrete involves making optimal use of the basic ingredients that constitute normal-strength concrete. When selecting aggregates to obtain high-strength concrete, we consider strength, optimum size distribution, surface characteristics and a good bonding with the cement paste that affect compressive strength. Selecting a high-quality Portland cement and optimizing the combination of materials by varying the proportions of cement, water, aggregates, and admixtures is also necessary. Any of these properties could limit the ultimate strength of high-strength concrete. Pozzolans, such as fly ash and silica fume along with silicic acid, are the most commonly used mineral admixtures in high-strength concrete. These materials impart additional strength to the concrete by reacting with Portland cement hydration products to create additional Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) gel, the part of the paste responsible for concrete strength; finally the most important admixture is polycarboxylate ether as super plasticizer. It would be difficult to produce high-strength ready-mixed concrete without using chemical admixtures. In this paper we study the use of high performance concrete (HPC) to obtain very narrow strong pre-fabricated elements for water conducting channels.
SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MOTOTAXISTAS
Authors: De Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves , Ribeiro Ícaro José Santos , Bomfim Eliane Dos Santos , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Casotti Cezar Augusto , Boery Eduardo Nagib 
Published: April 2015

Introdução: As mudanças comportamentais da sociedade, associadas a um menor tempo para a prática de atividade física e alteração dos hábitos alimentares, proporcionam o aumento das doenças crônicas, além de interferir na qualidade de vida. Objetivos: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e a saúde cardiovascular dos mototaxistas. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, realizado com 185 mototaxistas cadastrados na associação de mototaxistas de Jequié-BA. Os instrumentos utilizados para se obter as informações foram o questionário genérico de Qualidade de Vida SF-36 e um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, fatores comportamentais e clínicos. Para mensuração das medidas antropométricas e níveis pressóricos utilizaram-se os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde e o método indireto de acordo a VI Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão. Resultados: Dos mototaxistas avaliados, 99,4% (n=184) eram do sexo masculino, com idade abaixo de 40 anos (70,3%; n=130), sendo 37,9% (n=65) hipertensos. A partir das medidas antropométricas obteve-se o Índice de Massa Corporal, demonstrando que 48,1% (n=89) apresentavam sobrepeso. Em relação à QV, observou-se associação estatística P < 0,01 e P < 0,05 entre a circunferência abdominal e os domínios aspecto social e físico. O domínio que apresentou a melhor média foi o aspecto social, 93,5 pontos (±13,7). Conclusão: O estudo comprova que alguns fatores como a circunferência abdominal apresentaram significância estatística, potencialmente interferindo na qualidade de vida, principalmente no domínio aspecto social. Os mototaxistas apresentaram picos hipertensivos e foram classificados como indivíduos com sobrepeso de acordo com o IMC. O fato de apresentarem um estilo de vida mais preocupado com o trabalho do que com seus horários de descanso, proporcionou a falta de controle da pressão arterial e a prática de atividade física.
O direito de voto: a contribuição da teoria da complexidade para o Estado Democrático de Direito Brasileiro
Authors: Miyamoto Yumi , Krohling Aloísio 
Published: April 2015

A presente pesquisa busca verificar em que medida a teoria da
complexidade de Edgar Morin se aplica ao Estado Democrático de Direito
no Brasil quanto ao direito de voto. Pela compreensão de que a sociedade
se estrutura em uma comunicação entre pessoas, homens e mulheres, em
uma intrincada ordenação, isto não deve refletir para que as divergências
se traduzam em aniquilamento ou que as diferenças simbolizem diminuição
ou supremacia. A complexidade humana não pode ser compreendida
quando dissociada dos elementos que a constituem na medida em que
todo desenvolvimento verdadeiramente humano implica no desenvolvimento
conjunto com as autonomias individuais, as participações comunitárias
e o sentimento de pertença à espécie humana.
La Cuestión de la Jurisdicción en la Teoría Política de la Modernidad Temprana
Authors: Ferez Cecilia Abdo 
Published: April 2015

El artículo indaga en la transformación de los conceptos imperium
y dominium, sobre todo en la obra de John Locke, producida en el marco de los argumentos forjados para justificar la expansión colonial europea. Ante la pretensión católica de reencarnar la jurisdicción universal derivada del Imperio Romano, la literatura contraria a esa soberanía imperial,
sobre todo protestante, produjo una relectura del Derecho Romano. El concepto de res nullius reaparece como argumento factible de sustentar la apropiación colonial para ciertos países que estaban fuera de la órbita papal.
Esta recuperación del Derecho Romano fortaleció dos procesos claves de la modernidad temprana: por un lado, la posibilidad de sostener otra jurisdicción universal, fundamentada en los principios de la razón natural y el ius gentium (y no en la continuidad imperial/católica), y por el otro, una individualización de las demandas de apropiación legítima de territorios,
revestidas de la forma de "derechos subjetivos".
Os Dilemas da Representação Política: O Estado Constitucional entre a Democracia e o Presidencialismo de Coalizão
Authors: Streck Lenio 
Published: April 2015

Os desvios institucionais praticados pelo Poder Judiciário - entendidos
aqui como a prática de ativismo judicial - têm relação direta com o tipo de presidencialismo existente no Brasil. As constantes dificuldades encontradas pelo governo, para constituir uma maioria parlamentar no Congresso Nacional, reforçam a instabilidade política no país e fazem com que o mau funcionamento dos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo acabe desaguando no Judiciário. Em síntese, todas essas questões apontam para um acentuado protagonismo do Poder Judiciário no contexto político atual. Consequentemente a necessidade de limites à decisão judicial passa a tomar um maior espaço nas discussões públicas, pois a ausência de controle do poder pode levar ao autoritarismo. Por esse motivo, refletir sobre a necessidade de uma teoria da decisão é, antes de tudo, uma preocupação com o próprio Estado Democrático de Direito.
Hermenêutica Constitucional e Hermenêutica Filosófica: Horizontes da Previsibilidade das Decisões Judiciais
Authors: Costa Rafael de Oliveira 
Published: April 2015

A partir da concepção de que o método se apresenta como caminho
para alcançar a verdade, o intérprete passou a inverter o processo hermenêutico, para adequar a ordem jurídica ao seu sentido subjetivo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer bases interpretativas da norma constitucional, tomando como marcos teóricos as obras "Ser e Tempo", de Heidegger, e "Verdade e Método", de Gadamer, objetivando garantir previsibilidade às decisões judiciais a partir das contribuições trazidas pela Hermenêutica Filosófica para a Hermenêutica Constitucional. Trata-se de pesquisa que faz uso do raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo, valendo-se de dados de natureza primária (acórdãos e leis) e secundária (entendimentos doutrinários), permitindo concluir que a busca pelo sentido das normas não pode ser produto de preferências pessoais do intérprete e que o jurisdicionado deve saber como agir para que sua conduta esteja em conformidade com o Direito.
A turning-point in the evolution of the Variscan orogen: the ca. 325 Ma regional partial-melting event of the coastal South Armorican domain (South Brittany and Vendée, France)
Authors: Augier Romain , Choulet Flavien , Faure Michel , Turrillot Paul 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBy drastically reducing the bulk strength of crustal materials, partial-melting is one of the main parameter controlling the rheological behaviour of the continental crust. With more than ca. 50% of the outcropping surface characterised by migmatites and granites, the coastal South Armorican domain, offers an opportunity to study deep-orogenic processes and more particularly, to understand the role of partial-melting for the late-evolution of the Variscan belt. To date, time-constraints are scarce hindering the understanding of this crucial stage in the Variscan belt evolution. This paper provides 29 new U-Th/Pb chemical ages on monazite collected over five sampling areas consisting in migmatite domes and late regional classic plutons. Based on structural, textural and chemical criteria, three main U-Th/Pb age-groups are distinguished. The first group, settled at ca. 335–330 Ma concerns samples of restites and core-domains of the monazite crystals for most of the granite massifs. Its significance is ascribed to inherited crystallisation ages probably recording the crossing of prograde monazite forming reactions (i.e. metamorphic isograds) during increasing P-T conditions in an overall nappe-stacking context. The second group that clusters at ca. 325–320 Ma corresponds to newly formed monazite grains that crystallised from juvenile silicate melts. Ages of this group are interpreted as crystallisation ages of leucosomes after a major partial-melting event that affected the whole domain. The last ca. 320 Ma group corresponds to rim-domains of monazite crystals. It is interpreted as the emplacement age of most of the large-scale granite massifs and therefore fixes the end of the partial-melting event.The inception and drastic generalisation of partial-melting at peak-P conditions therefore coincides with a major change in the tectonic regime recorded at regional-scale. In the lights of these results, this implies that (1) either continuous stacking of continental crustal units, rich in radiogenic elements, led to an increase of temperature within the orogenic wedge provoking partial-melting, the resulting drop in the crustal strength inducing collapse and lateral expansion of the belt, or (2) a drastic change of the boundary conditions has induced hot asthenospheric upwelling which in turn led to coeval extension and partial-melting. At a more local scale, strain benefited of the low-strength of the magmatic bodies prior to complete crystallisation promoting intense strain localisation within the South Armorican domain large-scale laccoliths often referred to as synkinematic plutons.
Mitigation of the Effects of Condensate Banking: A Critical Review
Authors: Sayed Mohammed A. , Al-Muntasheri Ghaithan A. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
With production from gas/condensate reservoirs, the flowing bottomhole pressure of the production well decreases. When the flowing bottomhole pressure decreases below the dewpoint, condensate accumulates near the wellbore region and forms a condensate bank. This results in a loss of productivity of both gas and condensate, which becomes more serious in intermediate- and low-permeability gas/condensate reservoirs, where the condensate bank reduces both the gas permeability and the well productivity.
Several techniques have been used to mitigate this problem. These methods include:
Use of solvents and wettability-alteration chemicals to reduce the impact of condensate blockage Gas cycling and injection of nitrogen and supercritical carbon dioxide as pressure-maintenance methods Drilling horizontal wells, hydraulic fracturing, and acidizing to improve the well productivity
Gas cycling aims to keep the reservoir pressure greater than the dewpoint pressure to reduce the condensation phenomena. The limited volumes of gas that can be recycled in the reservoir can hinder the application of this method. For an ideal gas-cycling process, the volume of the gas injected into the reservoir will be larger than the total gas that can be produced from such a reservoir. Other approaches are the drilling of horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing, during which the pressure drop around the wellbore region is lowered to allow for a longer production time, with only single-phase gas flow to the wellbore. These approaches are costly because they require drilling rigs. Another technique is the use of solvents, which shows good treatment outcomes, but the durability is a questionable issue in these treatments. Moreover, wettability alteration needs to be approached very carefully so as not to cause permanent damage to the reservoir. The use of fluorinated polymers and surfactants dissolved in alcohol-based solvents for wettability-alteration treatments was reported in many studies.
Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be applied under certain conditions. This paper presents all of these methods, along with their advantages and disadvantages and description of some of their field applications and case studies.
Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Response of Brine, Oil, and Methane in Organic-Rich Shales
Authors: Tinni A.. , Odusina E.. , Sulucarnain I.. , Sondergeld C.. , Rai C. S. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
The application of nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) methods to evaluate the fluid content in hydrocarbon reservoirs requires the understanding of the NMR response of the fluids present in the rock. The presence of multiple fluids such as liquid, gaseous, or adsorbed phases in nanometer-sized pores (associated with various minerals and organic matter) adds another degree of complexity to the interpretation of NMR data in shales. We present a laboratory study on the NMR responses of brine, oil, and methane in shales at 2 MHz.
NMR transverse relaxation time (T2) distributions were acquired on core plugs from the Haynesville, Barnett, and Woodford shale formations. The NMR T2 distributions were acquired after brine (2.5% potassium chloride) and oil (dodecane) imbibition and saturation. After brine imbibition, we observed an increase in porosity at T2 ≤ 1 ms. However, after saturation at increasing pressures we observe a porosity increase at T2 ≈ 6–20 ms. Dodecane imbibition and saturation induced a porosity increase at T2 ≈ 10 ms.
The measurements with methane were conducted on Haynesville core plugs at a methane pressure of 4,000 psi. The NMR T2 signal of methane in shales appears to be at approximately 10 ms.
These results show that the NMR response of methane and oil is very similar in shales. Monitoring the saturation increase with NMR shows that brine can enter the entire pore spectrum, whereas oil and methane have access only to a fraction of the pore space.