bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidetector‐ThF3 as a Novel Tool for the Investigation of Solution Properties of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Ngaza Nyashadzashe , Brand Margaretha , Pasch Harald 
Published: May 2015

In this study, multidetector Thermal FFF (ThF3) is utilized to study amphiphilic block copolymers in different selective and nonselective solvents. Depending on the solvent quality and the polymer concentration, amphiphilic block copolymers can form aggregates or micelles; the blocks can adopt different coil conformations. ThF3 is chosen because of the noninvasive nature of the technique that will not destroy the conformations that amphiphilic block copolymers can adopt in selected solvents. The effect of different polymer–solvent systems on the diffusion and thermal diffusion coefficients, and the resultant separation, is studied. It is found that, depending on the solvent, the macromolecules adopt extended coil or partially collapsed coil conformations. Experimental conditions are identified where the block copolymers behave similar to one of their parent homopolymers. For the first time, it has been shown that ThF3 is a unique tool to study the solution properties and the coil conformations of amphiphilic copolymers and to relate this information to the fractionation behavior of the polymers.
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Existence results for a class of nonlocal problems involving p(x)‐Laplacian
Authors: Allaoui Mostafa , El Amrouss Abdel Rachid , Ourraoui Anass 
Published: May 2015

This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions to a class of p(x)‐Kirchhoff‐type equations with Dirichlet boundary data as follows:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3524:mma3524-math-0001
By means of variational methods and the theory of the variable exponent Sobolev spaces, we establish some conditions on the existence of solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐parameter shear wave inversion in MR elastography of incompressible transverse isotropic media: Application to in vivo lower leg muscles
Authors: Guo Jing , Hirsch Sebastian , Scheel Michael , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo develop and demonstrate MR elastography (MRE) for the measurement of three independent viscoelastic constants of skeletal muscle according to the theory of linear elasticity of incompressible materials with transverse isotropy (TI).MethodsThree‐dimensional multifrequency MRE was applied to soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles in 10 healthy volunteers. The rotational wave fields were solved for complex‐valued viscoelastic parameters μ12, μ13, and E3 corresponding to two shear moduli (within the planes of isotropy and symmetry of TI materials) and Young's modulus (along the principal fiber axis).ResultsAnisotropy was represented by the inequality μ12 < μ13 < 1/3E3 considering storage and loss properties of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, whereas storage shear moduli of tibialis were indistinguishable. Storage moduli were: 1.06 ± 0.12, 1.33 ± 0.10, 6.92 ± 0.95 kPa (soleus); 0.90 ± 0.11, 1.30 ± 0.15, 8.22 ± 1.37 kPa (gastrocnemius); 1.26 ± 0.16, 1.27 ± 0.11, 9.29 ± 1.42 kPa (tibialis), for μ12, μ13, and E3, respectively. The muscles were different in their μ12 and E3 values, whereas μ13 was less sensitive to the muscle type. Leg differences were observed in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles.ConclusionRecovery of the full elasticity tensor in incompressible TI materials is feasible by three‐dimensional inversion of the time‐harmonic shear wave equation. The method is potentially useful for the clinical evaluation of skeletal muscle anisotropy. Magn Reson Med 75:1537–1545, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disparities in the prenatal detection of critical congenital heart disease
Authors: Hill G. D. , Block J. R. , Tanem J. B. , Frommelt M. A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesPrenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease, which requires surgical or catheter intervention in the first 30 days of life, allows for delivery at a specialized center and can reduce preoperative morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify the risk factors for a missed prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease.MethodsPatients presenting to the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin with critical congenital heart disease from 2007 to 2013 were included. Those with a prenatal diagnosis were compared with those with a postnatal diagnosis.ResultsThe cohort included 535 patients with prenatal diagnosis made in 326 (61%). The prenatal diagnostic rate improved from 44% in 2007 to 69% in 2013. Independent factors associated with a postnatal diagnosis were a lesion that required a view other than a four chamber view to make the diagnosis (p < 0.0001), absence of another organ system anomaly (p < 0.0001), and living in a higher poverty (p = 0.02) or lower population density communities (p = 0.002).ConclusionsWhile the prenatal diagnostic rate for critical congenital heart disease is improving, those living in impoverished or rural communities are at highest risk of not having a diagnosis made prenatally. Interventions to improve prenatal detection of congenital heart disease should target these vulnerable areas. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of structural, morphological and electrical properties of APCVD vanadium oxide thin films
Authors: Papadimitropoulos Georgios , Kostis Ioannis , Trantalidis Stelios , Tsiatouras Athanasios , Vasilopoulou Maria , Davazoglou Dimitris 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVanadium oxide films were chemically vapor deposited (CVD) on oxidized Si substrates covered with CVD tungsten (W) thin films and on glass substrates covered with indium tin oxide (ITO) films, using vanadium(V) oxy‐tri‐isopropoxide (C9H21O4V) vapors. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed that the deposited films were composed of a mixture of vanadium oxides; the composition was determined mainly by the deposition temperature and less by the precursor temperature. At temperatures up to 450 °C the films were mostly composed by monoclinic VO2. Other peaks corresponding to various vanadium oxides were also observed. X‐ray microanalysis confirmed the composition of the films. The surface morphology was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These measurements revealed that the morphology strongly depends on the used substrate and the deposition conditions. The well‐known metal‐insulator transition was observed near 75 °C for films mostly composed by monoclinic VO2. Films deposited at 450 °C exhibited two transitions one near 50 °C and the other near 60 °C possibly related to the presence of other vanadium phases or of important stresses in them. Finally, the vanadium oxide thin films exhibited significant sensory capabilities decreasing their resistance in the presence of hydrogen gas with response times in the order of a few seconds and working temperature at 40 °C. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Channel adaptive output back‐off setting of non‐linear power amplifiers for high throughput multi‐spot beam satellite systems
Authors: Katona Zoltán 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn order to increase the satellite capacity for high throughput systems, the feeder link frequencies are gradually moved to higher bands, such as the Q/V‐bands, where more bandwidth is available. Therefore, more spectrum shall be available for the user links at lower frequencies, such as in Ka‐band. However, the rain attenuation on the feeder links becomes a limiting issue because of the higher frequencies. It is thus important to find link adaptation, or in other words channel adaptive techniques that can overcome this issue, such as smart gateway diversity or adaptive coding and modulation. This paper, however, introduces and describes a novel patented technique: channel adaptive output back‐off (OBO) setting. This technique can be applied on any terrestrial or satellite link, in which a non‐linear power amplifier is operated in multicarrier mode and the transmission channel experiences time varying attenuation. As a consequence, this technique can be applied, for example, both on the feeder uplink and on the feeder downlink of multi‐spot beam satellite networks. However, due to several reasons, the present paper analyzes its performance only on the feeder downlink. According to the performed analysis, channel adaptive OBO setting can provide around 4.5 dB signal‐to‐noise and interference ratio improvement in case of deep rain fading compared with the conventional fixed OBO operation. This improvement reduces the outage by around 17% on the end‐to‐end return link. As a consequence, the feeder downlink and the total return link become much more robust against deep rain fading. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards modelling perfect forward secrecy in two‐message authenticated key exchange under ephemeral‐key revelation
Authors: Yang Zheng , Yang Wu , Zhu Lingyun , Zhang Daigu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe examine the recently introduced CF and CF‐perfect forward secrecy (PFS) models for two‐message authenticated key exchange (TMAKE) by Cremers et al., where the difference between CF and CF‐PFS model is that the CF formulates the weak PFS (wPFS), whereas the CF‐PFS formulates the PFS. The CF model is claimed by Cremers et al. to be strictly stronger the previous extended Canetti‐Krawczyk (eCK) model. However, we notice that the implication relations among CF, CF‐PFS, eCK and eCK‐PFS model have not been completely studied. Based on TMAKE, we particularly show that CF model and eCK model imply each other under random oracle model. Moreover, we provide a new result on the generic security strengthening transformation (compiler) for building CF‐PFS‐secure TMAKE protocols. In contrast to a previous work, we show that it is possible to apply the transformation to all CF‐secure AKE protocols including all eCK‐secure TMAKE protocols in the random oracle model, without restricting to a small specific class of Diffie–Hellman key based protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of an Erbium(III) Complex with Chiral Salen‐type Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Sui Yan , Hu Rong‐Hua , Luo Zhi‐Gang , Lin Wen‐Hua , Liu Dong‐Sheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new type of ionic ferroelectric based on a chiral salen‐type Schiff base erbium(III) complex (ErL) was synthesized by the reaction of erbium nitrate with the ligand N,N′‐bis(3,5‐dichlorosalicylidene)‐(1S,2S)‐1,2‐cyclohexylenediamine (L). The structures of the ligand L and the complex ErL were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The results indicated that ErIII not only acts as central metal atom to coordinate with two Schiff base ligands, but also as Lewis acid catalyst to promote the partial decomposition of another salen‐type Schiff base ligand. The central ErIII atom adopts an octacoordinate square antiprismatic arrangement with Λ absolute configuration, coordinating with all nitrogen and oxygen atoms of two ligands due to the influence of the strong electron‐withdrawing group on the Schiff base ligand. The complex ErL exhibits good SHG and ferroelectric properties. The results provide a simple and effective approach to construct rare earth complexes coordinated with nitrogen and oxygen atoms of salen‐type Schiff base ligands with technologically important properties such as SHG activity and ferroelectricity.
Microporous Zinc(II) Metal‐Organic Framework with 6‐Connected pcu Topology: Synthesis, Structure, and Gas Adsorption Properties
Authors: Xing Guang'en , Liu Qifeng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Sufang , Dong Yanli 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe zinc(II) complex [Zn(FA)(datrz)2]n (1) (H2FA = fumaric acid, Hdatrz = 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole) was synthesized by solvothermal reaction of H2FA, Hdatrz, and Zn(NO3)2. Single crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed that compound 1 features a three‐dimensional (3D) porous framework, which represents a 6‐connected pcu topological network. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that compound 1 has high thermal stability. The permanent porosity of 1 was investigated by the adsorption of N2 and CO2. The amino groups of 1 enable high CO2 adsorption capacity.
Maximizing the identification of QTL for pre-harvest sprouting resistance using seed dormancy measures in a white-grained hexaploid wheat population
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Knox Ron E. , Clarke Fran R. , Pozniak Curtis J. , DePauw Ron M. , Cuthbert Richard D. , Fox Stephen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPre-harvest sprouting in spring wheat causes significant financial loss to growers throughout the world and sprouting damage can be reduced by growing resistant genotypes. Several genetic factors, especially those related to seed dormancy, are involved in the control of pre-harvest sprouting resistance. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing pre-harvest sprouting resistance from multiple measures of dormancy at multiple germination intervals on seed harvested across multiple environments. A doubled haploid mapping population of 91 individuals derived from a cross of two Canadian white-seeded spring wheat genotypes, SC8021-V2 (pre-harvest sprouting resistant) and AC Karma (moderately susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting) was used for QTL mapping. Daily germination counts were analysed using germination index, germination resistance and percent germination at intervals of 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days from spike samples collected from six field and one greenhouse environments in Saskatchewan, Canada. Continuous frequency distributions at certain measure-durations indicated genetic complexity of dormancy segregation in the SC8021-V2/AC Karma cross. Composite interval mapping detected significant (p ≤ 0.05) QTL associated with resistance to pre-harvest sprouting on all 21 wheat chromosomes. Of the 26 total QTL, six were novel and the rest were detected either at the same marker or overlapping a marker interval reported in other studies. QTL expressed consistently for germination index, germination resistance and percent germination at different germination durations on chromosomes 2B, 4A, 5D and 6D. QTL identified on homoeologous chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D with chromosome specific molecular variants of SSR markerwmc617suggest a conserved region for controlling dormancy on group four. The majority of QTL mapped in regions known to contain factors affecting different components of pre-harvest sprouting resistance like seed dormancy, seed coat colour, ABA responsiveness and alpha-amylase activity. This study demonstrated that using multiple measures of seed dormancy at multiple intervals of germination enhanced identification of QTL affecting dormancy in white-seeded hexaploid wheat.
Distinct effects of perinatal exposure to fluoxetine or methylmercury on parvalbumin and perineuronal nets, the markers of critical periods in brain development
Authors: Umemori Juzoh , Winkel Frederike , Castrén Eero , Karpova Nina N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe in utero exposure to common chemical stressors, environmental pollutant methylmercury and antidepressant fluoxetine, results in behavioral impairments persistent into adulthood. Modulation of critical periods in brain development may alter proper network formation and lastingly impair brain function. To investigate whether early‐life stressors can modulate critical periods, we analyzed the development of parvalbumin (PV) and perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the dentate gyrus and CA1 area of the hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala in mice perinatally exposed to either fluoxetine or methylmercury. The number of PV and PNN neurons, and PV intensity, were analyzed by fluorescent immunohistochemistry at the postnatal ages P17 (ongoing critical period) and P24 (closing critical period). The exposure to fluoxetine did not affect the number of PV cells and PV intensity but decreased PNN formation around the cells at P17 and P24 in all tissues. In contrast, perinatal methylmercury inhibited the development of PV interneurons and PV expression at P17 only, but at P24 these parameters were restored. Methylmercury strongly increased PNN formation from P17 to P24 in the amygdala only. We suggest that perinatal fluoxetine and methylmercury might delay the closure and the onset, respectively, of the critical periods in the amygdala and hippocampus.
Melaspilea demissa(Tuck.) Zahlbr. (lichenized Ascomycota) in eastern North America with a key to North American species ofMelaspileas. lat.
Authors: Perlmutter Gary B. , Tucker Shirley C. , Rivas Plata Eimy , Clerc Philippe , Lücking Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecently collected specimens of the crustose lichenMelaspilea demissafrom south-eastern USA have been compared with those ofMelaspileaspp. previously determined from North America. A review of both the historical and contemporary treatments of this species is provided. A lectotype was selected from the type collection ofM. demissain FH and is here proposed as it best matches incomplete citations in the original treatment. We also discuss the nomenclatural and taxonomic status of the nameOpegrapha cymbiformisvar.deformis(considered a synonym ofM. gibberulosa). North American specimens ofM. gibberulosawere found to be misidentifications, as were specimens attributed toM. lentiginosula,M. mesophlebiaandM. octomera. We therefore recommend that these species be removed from the North American lichen checklist. We also present a key to North AmericanMelaspilea.
Changes in functional traits of the terricolous lichen Peltigera aphthosa across a retrogressive boreal forest chronosequence
Authors: Asplund Johan , Wardle David A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractChanges in the functional traits of the terricolous lichen Peltigera aphthosa with declining soil fertility during ecosystem retrogression were investigated. A well-documented retrogressive chronosequence of 28 forested islands in northern Sweden that differ greatly in fire history and which spans 5000 years was used. The abundance of cephalodia increased, indicative of higher N2-fixation rates resulting from lower N availability. Thallus δ13C values increased with ageing soils, in line with declining δ13C values of the humus substratum along this gradient. However, δ13C values were also driven by variation in factors that were at least partly independent of soil ageing. As such, δ13C values were mostly related to specific thallus mass (STM), possibly because a higher STM gives a thicker cortical layer and thus greater resistance to CO2 diffusion, leading to higher δ13C values. STM and other measured traits (i.e. thallus N, P, secondary compounds and water-holding capacity) were unresponsive to the gradient, despite these traits being very responsive to the same gradient in epiphytic lichen species.
Development and characterization of fungal specific microsatellite markers in the lichenLobarina scrobiculata(Lobariaceae, Ascomycota)
Authors: Prieto Maria , Romera Lidia , Merinero Sonia , Aragón Gregorio , Martínez Isabel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLobarina scrobiculata(better known asLobaria scrobiculata) is a widespread lichen, threatened and Red-Listed in various European countries. Microsatellite markers for the mycobiont ofL. scrobiculatawere developed in order to investigate its genetic diversity in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe and to design effective conservation strategies. A total of 7 polymorphic markers were isolated and characterized. These microsatellites were tested in natural populations found in the Iberian Peninsula. The number of observed alleles ranged from 3 to 8, and the Nei's unbiased gene diversity from 0·26 to 0·59. These microsatellite markers are the first to be developed forL. scrobiculataand they will be useful for population studies and for the assessment of the conservation status of this species.
Optimized laser vacuum acceleration by static magnetic field
Authors: Lin H. , Liu C. P. , Wang C. , Shen B. F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLaser vacuum acceleration can be optimized significantly by applying a static magnetic field which is along the direction of laser magnetic field. This setup can cause a charged particle to be of a periodic, oscillatory-rising velocity, and significantly high kinetic energy. Moreover, the contribution from the motion vertical to accelerating electric field is fully taken into account and is found to be essential to efficient acceleration.
Local adaptation constrains the distribution potential of heat-tolerant Symbiodinium from the Persian/Arabian Gulf
Authors: D’Angelo Cecilia , Hume Benjamin C C , Burt John , Smith Edward G , Achterberg Eric P , Wiedenmann Jörg 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The symbiotic association of corals and unicellular algae of the genus Symbiodinium in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) display an exceptional heat tolerance, enduring summer peak temperatures of up to 36 °C. As yet, it is not clear whether this resilience is related to the presence of specific symbiont types that are exclusively found in this region. Therefore, we used molecular markers to identify the symbiotic algae of three Porites species along &gt;1000 km of coastline in the PAG and the Gulf of Oman and found that a recently described species, Symbiodinium thermophilum, is integral to coral survival in the southern PAG, the world’s hottest sea. Despite the geographic isolation of the PAG, we discovered that representatives of the S. thermophilum group can also be found in the adjacent Gulf of Oman providing a potential source of thermotolerant symbionts that might facilitate the adaptation of Indian Ocean populations to the higher water temperatures expected for the future. However, corals from the PAG associated with S. thermophilum show strong local adaptation not only to high temperatures but also to the exceptionally high salinity of their habitat. We show that their superior heat tolerance can be lost when these corals are exposed to reduced salinity levels common for oceanic environments elsewhere. Consequently, the salinity prevailing in most reefs outside the PAG might represent a distribution barrier for extreme temperature-tolerant coral/Symbiodinium associations from the PAG.
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte activation promotes innate antiviral resistance
Authors: Swamy Mahima , Abeler-Dörner Lucie , Chettle James , Mahlakõiv Tanel , Goubau Delphine , Chakravarty Probir , Ramsay George , Reis e Sousa Caetano , Staeheli Peter , Blacklaws Barbara A. , Heeney Jonathan L. , Hayday Adrian C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnrelenting environmental challenges to the gut epithelium place particular demands on the local immune system. In this context, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) compose a large, highly conserved T cell compartment, hypothesized to provide a first line of defence via cytolysis of dysregulated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and cytokine-mediated re-growth of healthy IEC. Here we show that one of the most conspicuous impacts of activated IEL on IEC is the functional upregulation of antiviral interferon (IFN)-responsive genes, mediated by the collective actions of IFNs with other cytokines. Indeed, IEL activation in vivo rapidly provoked type I/III IFN receptor-dependent upregulation of IFN-responsive genes in the villus epithelium. Consistent with this, activated IEL mediators protected cells against virus infection in vitro, and pre-activation of IEL in vivo profoundly limited norovirus infection. Hence, intraepithelial T cell activation offers an overt means to promote the innate antiviral potential of the intestinal epithelium.