bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireless emergency routing on empirical data: shaving time saves lives
Authors: Richardson Bernadette 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the outcomes of the RED (Routing on Empirical Data) Project, a three year cross‐jurisdictional collaborative undertaking in the State of California that significantly improved the efficiency of the State's wireless 9‐1‐1 emergency communications system.Design/methodology/approachThe Project's approach looked at historical wireless call data over a three‐year period and created accurate jurisdictional shapefiles to identify actual call origination and determine statistically which Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) should receive wireless 9‐1‐1 calls routed to a particular wireless sector.FindingsThe findings or outcomes of the project were that busy signals previously in the 9‐1‐1 system were dramatically reduced to 2.3 per cent of total call volume in 2011 from 42.4 per cent of total call volume in 2007. This occurred with a concurrent 29 per cent increase in call volume over the same time period.Practical implicationsThe practical and social implications for improvement in public safety are significant given the improvements in emergency response time that the project's outcome provides. Exponential increases in wireless phone usage over the past decade makes review of emergency communication infrastructure essential to ensure expeditious delivery of emergency services to the 9‐1‐1 calling public. Whether fire, ambulance or law enforcement response is required, when delay is inserted into the process of answering 9‐1‐1 calls, a reduction in the likelihood of a positive outcome occurs.Originality/valueThe outcomes of the RED Project show that Local and State government collaboration using empirical data studies can ensure emergency communication systems are optimized and ready for Next Generation technologies.
Prismatic magnetite magnetosomes from cultivated Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV‐1: a magnetic fingerprint in marine sediments?
Authors: Jovane Luigi , Florindo Fabio , Bazylinski Dennis A. , Lins Ulysses 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe magnetic properties (first‐order reversal curves, ferromagnetic resonance and decomposition of saturation remanent magnetization acquisition) of Magnetovibrio blakemorei, a cultivated marine magnetotactic bacterium, differ from those of other magnetotactic species from sediments deposited in lakes and marine habitats previously studied. This finding suggests that magnetite produced by some magnetotactic bacteria retains magnetic properties in relation to the crystallographic structure of the magnetic phase produced and thus might represent a ‘magnetic fingerprint’ for a specific magnetotactic bacterium. The use of this fingerprint is a non‐destructive, new technology that might allow for the identification and presence of specific species or types of magnetotactic bacteria in certain environments such as sediments.
Urinary calculi increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide study
Authors: CHUNG SHIU‐DONG , CHEN YI‐HUA , KELLER JOSPEH J. , LIN CHING‐CHUN , LIN HERNG‐CHING 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective. Using two large‐scale nationwide population‐based data sets, this study aimed to assess the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes between mothers with and without urinary calculi. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Taiwan. Sample. This study included 3694 women who had live singleton births and received a diagnosis of urinary calculi (UC) in the year prior to their delivery, as well as 18 470 matched women without UC, who were used as a comparison group. Methods. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Main outcome measures. Low birthweight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, cesarean section, lower Apgar score and pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia. Results. Women with UC had a higher prevalence of low‐birthweight neonates (7.4 vs. 6.0%, p = 0.003), preterm births (9.5 vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001) and cesarean sections (43.1 vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001) than women without UC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women with UC were more likely than women without UC to have low‐birthweight neonates (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.39), preterm birth (odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.13–1.43) and cesarean sections (odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.28–1.48). Conclusions. There were increased risks for having low‐birthweight, preterm infants and for experiencing cesarean section among women with UC in comparison to women without UC.
Rituximab, used alone or in combination, is superior to other treatment modalities in splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Else Monica , Marín‐Niebla Ana , de la Cruz Fátima , Batty Paul , Ríos Eduardo , Dearden Claire E. , Catovsky Daniel , Matutes Estella 
Published: September 2012

SummarySplenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare B‐cell malignancy, with no standard treatment other than splenectomy. Rituximab has shown encouraging results. We therefore retrospectively assessed 43 patients from two centres, who received rituximab, either alone or with chemotherapy. All patients responded, 34/43 (79%) achieving a complete response (CR), compared with 3/10 (30%) after chemotherapy without rituximab (P = 0·005). Of these 10 patients, 9 (90%) subsequently achieved a CR after rituximab (P = 0·02). Rituximab monotherapy appeared equally as effective as rituximab combination therapy (90% vs. 79% CR, P = 0·7) with significantly less toxicity (12·5% vs. 83%, P = 0·002). Splenectomized patients were more likely to obtain a CR with rituximab (16/16, 100%) than unsplenectomized patients (18/27, 67%, P = 0·008). Disease‐free survival (DFS) at 3 years was better after rituximab than after splenectomy alone [79% (95% confidence interval 60–89) vs. 29% (8–54), Hazard ratio (HR) 0·28 (0·12–0·68), P = 0·003] and better than after chemotherapy without rituximab [25% (4–55), HR 0·21 (0·08–0·51), P = 0·0004]. Survival at 3 years after rituximab was 98%. In summary, the CR and DFS rates after rituximab, given alone or with chemotherapy, were significantly better than after chemotherapy without rituximab in the same patients, with manageable toxicity. Rituximab, with or without splenectomy, should be considered for the treatment of SMZL.
Molecular mechanisms of pathology and treatment in Diamond Blackfan Anaemia
Authors: Horos Rastislav , von Lindern Marieke 
Published: September 2012

SummaryDiamond Blackfan Anaemia (DBA) is a rare congenital pure red cell aplasia that may be associated with facio‐skeletal developmental defects. The disease is caused by mutations in one of at least ten ribosomal proteins, which results in haploinsufficiency and an imbalance between the synthesis of rRNA and ribosomal proteins during ribosome biogenesis. Such imbalance results in stabilization and activation of the tumour suppressor gene TP53. The loss of ribosomes also results in reduced mRNA translation capacity, and may affect translation of specific erythroid transcripts more than average. The contribution of these two mechanisms to impaired erythropoiesis is discussed. The most effective and relatively safe therapy is treatment with glucocorticoid hormone, but responsiveness differs between patients. The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in treatment are discussed in the context of DBA.
Five‐year results of a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing zirconia and titanium abutments supporting single‐implant crowns in canine and posterior regions
Authors: Zembic Anja , Bösch Adrian , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Sailer Irena 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo test the survival rates, and the technical and biological complication rates of customized zirconia and titanium abutments 5 years after crown insertion.Material and methodsTwenty‐two patients with 40 single implants in maxillary and mandibular canine and posterior regions were included. The implant sites were randomly assigned to zirconia abutments supporting all‐ceramic crowns or titanium abutments supporting metal‐ceramic crowns. Clinical examinations were performed at baseline, and at 6, 12, 36 and 60 months of follow‐up. The abutments and reconstructions were examined for technical and/or biological complications. Probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque control record (PCR) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) were assessed at abutments (test) and analogous contralateral teeth (control). Radiographs of the implants revealed the bone level (BL) on mesial (mBL) and distal sides (dBL). Data were statistically analyzed with nonparametric mixed models provided by Brunner and Langer and STATA (P < 0.05).ResultsEighteen patients with 18 zirconia and 10 titanium abutments were available at a mean follow‐up of 5.6 years (range 4.5–6.3 years). No abutment fracture or loss of a reconstruction occurred. Hence, the survival rate was 100% for both. Survival of implants supporting zirconia abutments was 88.9% and 90% for implants supporting titanium abutments. Chipping of the veneering ceramic occurred at three metal‐ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments. No significant differences were found at the zirconia and titanium abutments for PPD (meanPPDZrO23.3 ± 0.6 mm, mPPDTi3.6 ± 1.1 mm), PCR (mPCRZrO20.1 ± 0.3, mPCRTi0.3 ± 0.2) and BOP (mBOPZrO20.5 ± 0.3, mBOPTi0.6 ± 0.3). Moreover, the BL was similar at implants supporting zirconia and titanium abutments (mBLZrO21.8 ± 0.5, dBLZrO22.0 ± 0.8; mBLTi2.0 ± 0.8, dBLTi1.9 ± 0.8).ConclusionsThere were no statistically or clinically relevant differences between the 5‐year survival rates, and the technical and biological complication rates of zirconia and titanium abutments in posterior regions.
CD1d‐dependent, iNKT‐cell cytotoxicity against keratinocytes in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Balato Anna , Zhao Yuming , Harberts Erin , Groleau Patricia , Liu Juan , Fishelevich Rita , Gaspari Anthony A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractConventional CD8+ T‐lymphocytes are thought to be major effector cells in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). However, previous work has demonstrated a significant population of invariant natural killer T‐cells (iNKT‐cells) in the elicitation phase of ACD. In this study, we investigate whether iNKT‐cells have the capacity to serve as effector lymphocytes in ACD. Using in situ staining of skin biopsy specimens from ACD lesions, we observed intra‐epidermal iNKT‐cells. Presence of these cells provides the possibility of interactions with keratinocytes (KC), Langerhans cells (LC) and CD1d‐bearing antigen‐presenting cells (APC). Investigation into gene expression profiles of cytotoxic effector molecules in seven different cases of ACD found that the expression of perforin and granzymes A, B and K were significantly elevated in ACD relative to paired clinically normal skin. Immunostaining of ACD skin biopsy specimens revealed that these cytotoxic granules indeed localized to iNKT‐cells. Studies of antigen presentation of KC to iNKT‐cells show that these epithelial cells do not activate the expression of cytotoxicity effector genes in resting iNKT‐cells, but had the capacity to serve as targets for activated iNKT‐cells, which was dependent on CD1d expression. Mature LC were not able to present glycolipids to iNKT‐cells and did not up‐regulate CD1d in vitro to a variety of maturational stimuli or in vivo during ACD. These data suggest that iNKT‐cells can serve as effector cells during human ACD and provide the rationale for developing inhibitory glycolipids as therapeutic agents for ACD.
Strong induction of AIM2 expression in human epidermis in acute and chronic inflammatory skin conditions
Authors: de Koning Heleen D. , Bergboer Judith G.M. , van den Bogaard Ellen H. , van Vlijmen‐Willems Ivonne M.J.J. , Rodijk‐Olthuis Diana , Simon Anna , Zeeuwen Patrick L.J.M. , Schalkwijk Joost 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAbsent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a double‐stranded DNA receptor, and its activation initiates an interleukin‐1 beta processing inflammasome. AIM2 is implicated in host defense against several pathogens, but could hypothetically also contribute to autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases, such as is the case for NLRP3. Using thoroughly characterised antibodies, we analysed AIM2 expression in human tissues and primary cells. A strong epidermal upregulation of AIM2 protein expression was observed in several acute and chronic inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, venous ulcera, contact dermatitis, and experimental wounds. We also found AIM2 induction by interferon‐gamma in submerged and three‐dimensional in vitro models of human epidermis. Our data highlight the dynamics of epidermal AIM2 expression, showing Langerhans cell and melanocyte‐restricted expression in normal epidermis but a pronounced induction in subpopulations of epidermal keratinocytes under inflammatory conditions.
Glacier melting and stoichiometric implications for lake community structure: zooplankton species distributions across a natural light gradient
Authors: Laspoumaderes Cecilia , Modenutti Beatriz , Souza María Sol , Bastidas Navarro Marcela , Cuassolo Florencia , Balseiro Esteban 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGlaciers around the globe are melting rapidly, threatening the receiving environments of the world's fresh water reservoirs with significant changes. The meltwater, carried by rivers, contains large amounts of suspended sediment particles, producing longitudinal gradients in the receiving lakes. These gradients may result in changes in the light : nutrient ratio that affect grazer performance by altering elemental food quality. Thus, glacial melting may induce a shift in the phytoplankton carbon : nutrient ratio and hence influence the dominance of herbivorous zooplankton through stoichiometric mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, we combined field and experimental data, taking advantage of a natural light intensity gradient caused by glacial clay input in a deep oligotrophic Patagonian lake. Across this gradient, we evaluated the abundances of two consumer taxa with different phosphorus requirements, the copepod Boeckella gracilipes and the cladoceran Daphnia commutata, using a six‐station transect along the lake. We found significant differences in light : nutrient ratio and stoichiometric food quality of the seston, together with a switch from dominance of P‐rich Daphnia in low carbon : nutrient stations to dominance of low‐P copepods in high carbon : nutrient stations. The laboratory experiments confirmed that the difference in the carbon : nutrient ratio across the gradient is sufficient to impair Daphnia growth. The overall patterns are consistent with our prediction that shifts in the environmental light : nutrient ratio as a result of glacial melting would contribute to shifts in the dominance of stoichiometrically contrasting taxa in consumer guilds.
Range margin shifts of birds revisited – the role of spatiotemporally varying survey effort
Authors: Kujala Heini , Vepsäläinen Ville , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Brommer Jon E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGlobal climate warming is predicted to lead to global and regional changes in the distribution of organisms. One influential approach to test this prediction using temporally repeated mapping surveys of organisms was suggested in a seminal paper by Thomas & Lennon (1999, Nature). The Thomas & Lennon approach corrects observed changes in the range margin for changes in the range size, and thus potentially controls for other broad‐scale environmental changes between surveys, however the approach does not necessarily account for potential biases in sampling effort. To verify whether the issue of variation in sampling effort affects empirical estimates of shifts in range margin, we reanalyzed all three published studies exploring range margin changes of breeding birds in Great Britain (GB), Finland, and New York State (NY). Accounting for changes in survey effort on range margins lowered the estimated shift for breeding birds in New York, but the shift remained statistically significant. For Great Britain and Finland, for which no direct estimate of survey effort is available, we used species richness (a strong correlate of survey effort in New York) as a proxy and found that in both cases the estimated shift in range margin was significantly reduced and became nonsignificant. To understand how robust the approach is to sampling biases, we use a simulation model to show that the Thomas & Lennon approach is, under certain conditions, sensitive to changes in detection probability (probability to detect true occupancy) which in turn may be affected by changes in surveying effort between surveys. We thus found evidence that temporal changes in the distribution of breeding birds based on repeated mapping surveys may be inflated by changes in survey effort along range boundaries. We discuss possible approaches to deal with this issue in the analysis and design of national or regional surveys.
Impacts of 3 years of elevated atmospheric CO2 on rhizosphere carbon flow and microbial community dynamics
Authors: Drigo Barbara , Kowalchuk George A. , Knapp Brigitte A. , Pijl Agata S. , Boschker Henricus T. S. , van Veen Johannes A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCarbon (C) uptake by terrestrial ecosystems represents an important option for partially mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Short‐term atmospheric elevated CO2 exposure has been shown to create major shifts in C flow routes and diversity of the active soil‐borne microbial community. Long‐term increases in CO2 have been hypothesized to have subtle effects due to the potential adaptation of soil microorganism to the increased flow of organic C. Here, we studied the effects of prolonged elevated atmospheric CO2 exposure on microbial C flow and microbial communities in the rhizosphere. Carex arenaria (a nonmycorrhizal plant species) and Festuca rubra (a mycorrhizal plant species) were grown at defined atmospheric conditions differing in CO2 concentration (350 and 700 ppm) for 3 years. During this period, C flow was assessed repeatedly (after 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years) by 13C pulse‐chase experiments, and label was tracked through the rhizosphere bacterial, general fungal, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities. Fatty acid biomarker analyses and RNA‐stable isotope probing (RNA‐SIP), in combination with real‐time PCR and PCR‐DGGE, were used to examine microbial community dynamics and abundance. Throughout the experiment the influence of elevated CO2 was highly plant dependent, with the mycorrhizal plant exerting a greater influence on both bacterial and fungal communities. Biomarker data confirmed that rhizodeposited C was first processed by AMF and subsequently transferred to bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil. Over the course of 3 years, elevated CO2 caused a continuous increase in the 13C enrichment retained in AMF and an increasing delay in the transfer of C to the bacterial community. These results show that, not only do elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions induce changes in rhizosphere C flow and dynamics but also continue to develop over multiple seasons, thereby affecting terrestrial ecosystems C utilization processes.
Gender differences in the presence of drugs in violent deaths
Authors: Sheehan Connor M. , Rogers Richard G. , Williams George W. , Boardman Jason D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsTo investigate differences in the presence of drugs, by gender, when considering deaths attributable to homicides and suicides.DesignLogistic regression analysis of mortality data collected by the Colorado Violent Death Reporting System.Participants and settingA total of 5791 Colorado decedents who died of violent causes from 2004 to 2009.MeasurementForensic pathologist autopsy data on drug presence at time of death, coded as present, not present or missing.FindingsPostmortem presence of drugs is associated strongly with the specific cause of violent death. Compared with suicide decedents, homicide decedents are significantly more likely to test positive for amphetamines [odds ratio (OR): 1.79; confidence interval (CI): 1.34, 2.39], marijuana (OR: 2.03; CI: 1.60, 2.58) and cocaine (OR: 2.60; CI: 2.04, 3.31), and are less likely to test positive for opiates (OR: 0.27; CI: 0.18, 0.39) and antidepressants (OR: 0.17; CI: 0.10, 0.28). When other drugs are controlled for the influence of alcohol is abated dramatically. The patterns of drug prevalence associated with homicide (particularly marijuana) are stronger among males; the patterns of drug prevalence associated with suicide are stronger among females.ConclusionsSuicide and homicide decedents are characterized by varying patterns of licit and illicit drug use that differ by gender. Drugs associated with homicide (marijuana, cocaine and amphetamines) are stronger among males, while drugs associated with suicide are stronger among females (antidepressants and opiates). Taking these differences into consideration may allow for targeted interventions to reduce violent deaths.
Decreased microRNA(miR)-145 and increased miR-224 expression in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus involved in lupus immunopathogenesis
Authors: Lu M-C , Lai N-S , Chen H-C , Yu H-C , Huang K-Y , Tung C-H , Huang H-B , Yu C-L 
Published: September 2012

SummarySystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with abnormal T cell immune responses. We hypothesized that aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE. First, we analysed the expression profiles of 270 human miRNAs in T cells from five SLE patients and five healthy controls and then validated those potentially aberrant-expressed miRNAs using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, the expression of mRNAs regulated by these aberrant-expressed miRNAs was detected using real-time PCR. Finally, miRNA transfection into Jurkat T cells was conducted for confirming further the biological functions of these miRNAs. The initial analysis indicated that seven miRNAs, including miR-145, miR-224, miR-513-5p, miR-150, miR-516a-5p, miR-483-5p and miR-629, were found to be potentially abnormally expressed in SLE T cells. After validation, under-expressed miR-145 and over-expressed miR-224 were noted. We further found that STAT1 mRNA targeted by miR-145 was over-expressed and apoptosis inhibitory protein 5 (API5) mRNA targeted by miR-224 was under-expressed in SLE T cells. Transfection of Jurkat cells with miR-145 suppressed STAT1 and miR-224 transfection suppressed API5 protein expression. Over-expression of miR-224 facilitates activation-induced cell death in Jurkat cells. In the clinical setting, the increased transcript levels of STAT1 were associated significantly with lupus nephritis. In conclusion, we first demonstrated that miR-145 and miR-224 were expressed aberrantly in SLE T cells that modulated the protein expression of their target genes, STAT1 and API5, respectively. These miRNA aberrations accelerated T cell activation-induced cell death by suppressing API5 expression and associated with lupus nephritis by enhancing signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT)-1 expression in patients with SLE.