bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turkish translation and adaptation of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for breast cancer mammography screening
Authors: Yilmaz Meryem , Sayin Yazile Yazici 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine the translation and adaptation process from English to Turkish and the validity and reliability of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening. Its aim (1) is to provide data about and (2) to assess Turkish women's attitudes and behaviours towards mammography.BackgroundThe proportion of women who have mammography is lower in Turkey. The Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening‐Turkish version can be helpful to determine Turkish women's health beliefs, particularly about mammography.DesignCross‐sectional design was used to collect survey data from Turkish women: classical measurement method.MethodsThe Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening was translated from English to Turkish. Again, it was back translated into English. Later, the meaning and clarity of the scale items were evaluated by a bilingual group representing the culture of the target population. Finally, the tool was evaluated by two bilingual professional researchers in terms of content validity, translation validity and psychometric estimates of the validity and reliability. The analysis included a total of 209 Turkish women. The validity of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and criterion‐related validity testing.ResultsThe Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening aligned to four factors that were coherent and relatively independent of each other. There was a statistically significant relationship among all of the subscale items: the positive and high correlation of the total item test score and high Cronbach's α. The scale has a strong stability over time: the Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening demonstrated acceptable preliminary values of reliability and validity.ConclusionThe Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for Mammography Screening is both a reliable and valid instrument that can be useful in measuring the health beliefs of Turkish women.Relevance to clinical practiceIt can be used to provide data about healthcare practices required for mammography screening and breast cancer prevention. This scale will show nurses that nursing intervention planning is essential for increasing Turkish women's participation in mammography screening.
New tool for patient evaluation of nurse practitioner in primary care settings
Authors: Klemenc‐Ketis Zalika , Kravos Andrej , Poplas‐Susič Tonka , Švab Igor , Kersnik Janko 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo validate a tool for patient evaluation of nurse practitioners.BackgroundThe roles of nurse practitioners in family practice settings are health promotion and routine follow‐up of patients with chronic diseases. So far, several tools for patient evaluation of nurse practitioners have been developed. They revealed several dimensions of nurse practitioners' work and high levels of patient satisfaction with their work. The studies also reported conflicting data on the associations between demographic and other variables and the level of nurse practitioners' evaluation by patients.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study was performed in a sample of seven model family medicine practices in Slovenia. We included 30 consecutive adult patients in each model family practice aiming at the final sample of 210 respondents. Patient evaluation of nurse practitioners was assessed using a Nurse Practitioner Evaluation Scale.ResultsThe response rate was 80·9%. Mean total score on Nurse Practitioner Evaluation Scale was 87·9 ± 12·4 points. Cronbach's alpha of Nurse Practitioner Evaluation Scale was 0·941. Factor analyses revealed three factors: clinical approach factor, comprehensive approach factor and patient‐centred approach factor.ConclusionsNurse Practitioner Evaluation Scale proved to be a reliable tool for patient evaluations of nurse practitioners in primary care settings. Nurse Practitioner Evaluation Scale can be used in terms of a whole scale as well as in terms of three separate subscales.Relevance to clinical practiceThis newly developed tool can be used to monitor quality performance of nurse practitioners and to plan quality improvement actions in nurse practitioners' performance in primary care settings.
Second‐Generation Everolimus‐Eluting Stents Compared to First‐Generation Drug‐Eluting Stents in Patients Treated for Multivessel Disease
Authors: MINHA SA'AR , BARBASH ISRAEL M. , DVIR DANNY , LOH JOSHUA P. , BADR SALEM , KITABATA HIRONORI , PENDYALA LAKSHMANA K. , PICHARD AUGUSTO D. , TORGUSON REBECCA , WAKSMAN RON 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of everolimus‐eluting stents (EES) to first‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) in multivessel disease (MVD).BackgroundSecond‐generation EES have demonstrated superiority over first‐generation DES for single‐vessel disease, although the merits of EES in MVD are less established.MethodsA cohort of 1,285 patients (3,124 lesions) with ≥2 diseased vessels were treated with either first‐generation DES (n = 1,002) or EES (n = 283). The rates of death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, definite stent thrombosis, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the combined incidence of target vessel revascularization, death, and non‐fatal myocardial infarction, were compared at 1 year.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar except for a lower left ventricular ejection fraction and a lower incidence of stable angina pectoris in the first‐generation DES group (P = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). At 1 year, the MACE rate was lower in the EES group (9.5P% vs. 15.7%; P = 0.01). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that EES use predicted a higher chance of freedom from MACE at 1 year (hazard ratio 0.58 [0.38–0.87]; P = 0.009; 95% confidence interval).ConclusionsThe use of EES in patients with MVD is safe with signals for improved effectiveness compared to first‐generation DES. Randomized trials comparing new‐generation DES to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery are warranted.
Effects of formulating growing pig diet with increasing levels of wheat‐corn distillers dried grains with solubles on digestible nutrient basis on growth performance and nutrient digestibility
Authors: Agyekum A. K. , Woyengo T. A. , Slominski B. A. , Yin Y. L. , Nyachoti C. M. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryFormulating swine diets containing fibrous coproducts based on net energy (NE) and standardized ileal digestible amino acid (SID AA) values is recommended for optimizing pig performance. However, the effects of applying this approach to diets with increasing dietary levels of wheat‐corn‐derived distillers dried grains with soluble (wcDDGS) on pig performance have not been evaluated. Thus, 48 pigs with an average body weight [BW] of 25.5 kg were used to determine the effects of increasing wcDDGS (1:1 wheat to corn ratio) content in grower diets on performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients. Pigs were housed in pens of either 2 barrows or gilts balanced for BW and fed 4 diets within sex for 42 days. Diets were a nutrient adequate corn–barley–soybean meal‐based diet with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% wcDDGS, and were similar in calculated NE and SID AA values. Acid insoluble ash was used as the indigestible marker. Final BW and overall average daily gain (ADG) linearly decreased (p < 0.05) and feed efficiency tended to decrease (p = 0.07) with increased dietary wcDDGS. Overall average daily feed intake was not affected (p > 0.10) by dietary treatment. The ATTD of dry matter and energy linearly decreased (p < 0.01), whereas the ATTD of neutral detergent fibre linearly increased (p < 0.01) with increasing dietary level of wcDDGS. Increasing dietary wcDDGS content did not affect (p > 0.10) ATTD of Ca and P. In conclusion, increasing dietary wcDDGS content reduced growth performance and ATTD of energy in growing pigs. Thus, the risks of high dietary wcDGGS content may not be completely alleviated by formulating growing pig diets on the basis of NE and SID AA systems.
Geochemical studies of the SUBO 18 (Enkingen) drill core and other impact breccias from the Ries crater, Germany
Authors: Reimold Wolf Uwe , McDonald Iain , Schmitt Ralf‐Thomas , Hansen Birgit , Jacob Juliane , Koeberl Christian 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSuevite and melt breccia compositions in the boreholes Enkingen and Polsingen are compared with compositions of suevites from other Ries boreholes and surface locations and discussed in terms of implications for impact breccia genesis. No significant differences in average chemical compositions for the various drill cores or surface samples are noted. Compositions of suevite and melt breccia from southern and northeastern sectors of the Ries crater do not significantly differ. This is in stark contrast to the published variations between within‐crater and out‐of‐crater suevites from northern and southern sectors of the Bosumtwi impact structure, Ghana. Locally occurring alteration overprint on drill cores—especially strong on the carbonate‐impregnated suevite specimens of the Enkingen borehole—does affect the average compositions. Overall, the composition of the analyzed impact breccias from Ries are characterized by very little macroscopically or microscopically recognized sediment‐clast component; the clast populations of suevite and impact melt breccia are dominated consistently by granitic and intermediate granitoid components. The Polsingen breccia is significantly enriched in a dioritic clast component. Overall, chemical compositions are of intermediate composition as well, with dioritic‐granodioritic silica contents, and relatively small contributions from mafic target components. Selected suevite samples from the Enkingen core have elevated Ni, Co, Cr, and Ir contents compared with previously analyzed suevites from the Ries crater, which suggest a small meteoritic component. Platinum‐group element (PGE) concentrations for some of the enriched samples indicate somewhat elevated concentrations and near‐chondritic ratios of the most immobile PGE, consistent with an extraterrestrial contribution of 0.1–0.2% chondrite‐equivalent.
Grove Mountains 020090 enriched lherzolitic shergottite: A two‐stage formation model
Authors: Lin Yangting , Hu Sen , Miao Bingkui , Xu Lin , Liu Yu , Xie Liewen , Feng Lu , Yang Jing 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGrove Mountains (GRV) 020090 is an enriched lherzolitic shergottite, distinct from other lherzolitic shergottites, except RBT 04262/1. Its characteristics include high abundance of plagioclase (24.2 vol% in the nonpoikilitic area), presence of K‐feldspar, common occurrence of baddeleyite, high FeO contents of olivine (bimodal peaks at Fa 33 mol% and Fa 41 mol%) and low‐Ca pyroxenes (bimodal peaks at Fs 23.8–31.7 mol% and Fs 25.7–33.9 mol%), and significant LREE enrichment of phosphates (500–610 × CI). The bulk composition of GRV 020090 suggests derivation from partial melting of an enriched reservoir. However, the REE patterns of the cores of pigeonite oikocrysts and the olivine chadacrysts are indistinguishable from those of GRV 99027 and other moderately depleted lherzolitic shergottites, and reveal a LREE‐depleted pattern of the primordial parent magma. We propose that the primordial parent magma of GRV 020090 was derived from a moderately depleted Martian upper mantle reservoir, and later the residual melt was contaminated by oxidized and enriched Martian crustal materials as it ascended up to the subsurface. GRV 020090 and RBT 04262/1 may have sampled an igneous unit different from other lherzolitic shergottites.
Adapting the Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) approach to explore the acceptability and feasibility of nutrition and parenting recommendations: what works for low‐income families?
Authors: Dickin Katherine L. , Seim Gretchen 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInterventions to prevent childhood obesity must consider not only how child feeding behaviours are related to child weight status but also which behaviours parents are willing and able to change. This study adapted Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) to assess acceptability and feasibility of nutrition and parenting recommendations, using in‐depth interviews and household trials to explore families’ experiences over time. A diverse sample of 23 low‐income parents of 3–11‐year‐olds was recruited following participation in nutrition and parenting education. Parents chose nutrition and parenting practices to try at home and were interviewed 2 weeks and 4–6 months later about behaviour change efforts. Qualitative analysis identified emergent themes, and acceptability and feasibility were rated based on parents’ willingness and ability to try new practices. The nutrition goal parents chose most frequently was increasing children's vegetable intake, followed by replacing sweetened beverages with water or milk, and limiting energy‐dense foods. Parents were less inclined to reduce serving sizes. The parenting practices most often selected as applicable to nutrition goals were role‐modelling; shaping home environments, often with other adults; involving children in decisions; and providing positive feedback. Most recommendations were viewed as acceptable by meaningful numbers of parents, many of whom tried and sustained new behaviours. Food preferences, habits and time were common barriers; family resistance or food costs also constrained some parents. Despite challenges, TIPs was successfully adapted to evaluate complex nutrition and parenting practices. Information on parents’ willingness and ability to try practices provides valuable guidance for childhood obesity prevention programmes.
Age at first introduction to complementary foods is associated with sociodemographic factors in children with increased genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes
Authors: Andrén Aronsson Carin , Uusitalo Ulla , Vehik Kendra , Yang Jimin , Silvis Katherine , Hummel Sandra , Virtanen Suvi M. , Norris Jill M. ,   TEDDY Study Group
Published: September 2013

AbstractInfant's age at introduction to certain complementary foods (CF) has in previous studies been associated with islet autoimmunity, which is an early marker for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Various maternal sociodemographic factors have been found to be associated with early introduction to CF. The aims of this study were to describe early infant feeding and identify sociodemographic factors associated with early introduction to CF in a multinational cohort of infants with an increased genetic risk for T1D. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study is a prospective longitudinal birth cohort study. Infants (N = 6404) screened for T1D high risk human leucocyte antigen‐DQ genotypes (DR3/4, DR4/4, DR4/8, DR3/3, DR4/4, DR4/1, DR4/13, DR4/9 and DR3/9) were followed for 2 years at six clinical research centres: three in the United States (Colorado, Georgia/Florida, Washington) and three in Europe (Sweden, Finland, Germany). Age at first introduction to any food was reported at clinical visits every third month from the age of 3 months. Maternal sociodemographic data were self‐reported through questionnaires. Age at first introduction to CF was primarily associated with country of residence. Root vegetables and fruits were usually the first CF introduced in Finland and Sweden and cereals were usually the first CF introduced in the United States. Between 15% and 20% of the infants were introduced to solid foods before the age of 4 months. Young maternal age (<25 years), low educational level (<12 years) and smoking during pregnancy were significant predictors of early introduction to CF in this cohort. Infants with a relative with T1D were more likely to be introduced to CF later.
MHC class I expression dependent on bacterial infection and parental factors in whitefish embryos (Salmonidae)
Authors: Clark Emily S. , Wilkins Laetitia G. E. , Wedekind Claus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEcological conditions can influence not only the expression of a phenotype, but also the heritability of a trait. As such, heritable variation for a trait needs to be studied across environments. We have investigated how pathogen challenge affects the expression of MHC genes in embryos of the lake whitefish Coregonus palaea. In order to experimentally separate paternal (i.e. genetic) from maternal and environmental effects, and determine whether and how stress affects the heritable variation for MHC expression, embryos were produced in full‐factorial in vitro fertilizations, reared singly, and exposed at 208 degree days (late‐eyed stage) to either one of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that differ in their virulence characteristics (one increased mortality, while both delayed hatching time). Gene expression was assessed 48 h postinoculation, and virulence effects of the bacterial infection were monitored until hatching. We found no evidence of MHC class II expression at this stage of development. MHC class I expression was markedly down‐regulated in reaction to both pseudomonads. While MHC expression could not be linked to embryo survival, the less the gene was expressed, the earlier the embryos hatched within each treatment group, possibly due to trade‐offs between immune function and developmental rate or further factors that affect both hatching timing and MHC expression. We found significant additive genetic variance for MHC class I expression in some treatments. That is, changes in pathogen pressures could induce rapid evolution in MHC class I expression. However, we found no additive genetic variance in reaction norms in our study population.
Occurrence of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and their association with common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off northeastern New Zealand
Authors: Zaeschmar Jochen R. , Visser Ingrid N. , Fertl Dagmar , Dwyer Sarah L. , Meissner Anna M. , Halliday Joanne , Berghan Jo , Donnelly David , Stockin Karen A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOn a global scale, false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) remain one of the lesser‐known delphinids. The occurrence, site fidelity, association patterns, and presence/absence of foraging in waters off northeastern New Zealand are examined from records collected between 1995 and 2012. The species was rarely encountered; however, of the 61 distinctive, photo‐identified individuals, 88.5% were resighted, with resightings up to 7 yr after initial identification, and movements as far as 650 km documented. Group sizes ranged from 20 to ca. 150. Results indicate that all individuals are linked in a single social network. Most observations were recorded in shallow (<100 m) nearshore waters. Occurrence in these continental shelf waters is likely seasonal, coinciding with the shoreward flooding of a warm current. During 91.5% of encounters, close interspecific associations with common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were observed. Photo‐identification reveals repeat inter‐ and intraspecific associations among individuals with 34.2% of common bottlenose dolphins resighted together with false killer whales over 1,832 d. While foraging was observed during 39.5% of mixed‐species encounters, results suggest that social and antipredatory factors may also play a role in the formation of these mixed‐species groups.
Identification of the haemolytic activity of Malassezia species
Authors: Juntachai Weerapong , Kummasook Aksarakorn , Mekaprateep Malee , Kajiwara Susumu 
Published: September 2013

SummaryMalassezia species are part of the normal skin flora and are associated with a number of human and animal skin diseases. However, the mechanisms that mediate infection and host–fungal interactions are poorly understood. The haemolytic activity of several microorganisms is considered a factor that contributes to pathogenicity of the organism to humans and animals. This virulence factor was previously identified in several pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses, such as Aspergillus and Candida. In this study, the haemolytic activity of six major Malassezia species, including M. furfur, M. globosa, M. pachydermatis, M. restricta, M. slooffiae and M. sympodialis, was investigated. The haemolytic activity of these species was tested on tryptone soya agar with 5% sheep blood. All the examined Malassezia species produced a halo zone of complete haemolysis. A quantitative analysis of the haemolytic activity was performed by incubating sheep erythrocytes with the extraction from culture of each Malassezia species. Interestingly, M. globosa and M. restricta showed significantly high haemolytic activity compared with the other Malassezia species. In addition, M. globosa also exhibited stable haemolytic activity after treatment at 100 °C and in the presence of some proteases, indicating that this haemolytic factor is different from those of other fungi.
Gastrointestinal tone; its genesis and contribution to the physical processes of digestion
Authors: Lentle R. G. , Reynolds G. W. , Janssen P. W. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundMyogenic tone has long been recognised as an important component of gastrointestinal motility. Recent work has clarified the cellular mechanisms that engender tone and the neurogenic and mechanical stimuli that modulate it but has also highlighted cellular and regional specialisation in these mechanisms within the GI tract. Smooth muscle in all segments of the gut has the capability of latching, i.e. can generate ongoing specific rather than tetanic tone. This is likely modulated by both direct and indirect input from agonists such as acetylcholine and mechanoreceptors, the latter originating in ICC‐IM, smooth muscle cells or elements of the ENS. Tonic contraction can occur in the absence of phasic contractions or concurrent with them, and it can modulate wall compliance and the capacity of particular segments, thereby affecting the level of on‐flow and mixing, both luminal and adjacent to the mucosa.PurposeThe review seeks to provide an overview of our understanding of the mechanism by which tone is generated and maintained, highlighting its modulation by neurogenic and mechanical stimuli, its mechanical consequences in the walls of the various segments of the gastrointestinal tract and its contribution to flow and mixing of contained digesta.