bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of pregnancy‐related discomforts and management approaches to relieve them among pregnant women
Authors: Nazik Evsen , Eryilmaz Gulsen 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo determine the incidence of pregnancy‐related physical symptoms in healthy pregnant women and their management strategies.BackgroundIn normal progression of pregnancy, many symptoms were experienced. Pregnancy‐related physical symptoms may have a negative effect on pregnant women's quality of life. However, pregnant women avoid taking medications from the fear that the medication they use may have a harmful effect on the foetus. Therefore, they practise nonpharmacological methods to help them manage their pregnancy‐related physical symptoms.DesignThis study used a comparative and descriptive design.MethodsThe study population comprised of pregnant women who were visiting for routine check‐up and/or examination in the obstetrics gynaecology outpatient clinics of three hospitals in Erzurum, Turkey. The data were collected via a questionnaire including socio‐demographic items and questions to identify the pregnancy‐related physical symptoms that they experienced and their management strategies.ResultsThe top three most reported complaints were nausea–vomiting (87·8%), fatigue (77·9%) and breast pain–tenderness (76·2%) during the first trimester, whereas polyuria (79·9%, 88·4%), fatigue (75·6%, 88·4%) and heart burn (71·3%, 81·8%) during the second and third trimesters. Depending on the symptoms, the pregnant women either did nothing or took correct, incorrect or empirical actions to manage their problems. Data revealed that the major source of knowledge was based on their previous experience and that of close relatives. As their education level increased, the percentage of women taking scientifically proven action to correct the problem increased.ConclusionsVarious physical symptoms were experienced by women in each trimester of pregnancy. The majority of the women did not do anything to alleviate their physical symptoms.Relevance to clinical practiceMidwives and nurses should question the strategies used by pregnant women. In this way, the inappropriate and incorrect practices can be determined, and education on the appropriate practices can be provided.
Psychosocial effects of Tai Chi exercise on people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Waite‐Jones Jennifer M , Hale Claire A , Lee Hea‐Young 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the perceived psychosocial effects of participating in taught sessions of Tai Chi on people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).BackgroundTai Chi is thought to be psychologically as well as physically beneficial for people with arthritis.DesignThis study adopted a qualitative approach to follow‐up participants who had previously demonstrated physical and psychological benefits from a specifically modified Tai Chi programme in an attempt to explore perceived psychosocial improvements.MethodsNineteen semi‐structured, audio‐taped, interviews were carried out with participants who had taken part in, twice weekly, group‐based Tai Chi sessions for 12 weeks. Data from transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis suggests that participating in shared Tai Chi sessions provides increased awareness of the links between mind and body; reduces anxiety and depression; and improves self‐esteem, self‐efficacy and motivation. It was particularly striking to find that the highly structured nature of Tai Chi was felt to improve memory and seemed to offer aesthetic experiences through developing graceful, ‘fluid’ moves rather than the ‘jarring’ movements often imposed by having RA. Such group sessions were found to provide social support and help improve participants' sense of perspective.ConclusionAlthough small scale, this study suggests that Tai Chi has the potential to offer psychosocial benefits for people with RA.Relevance to clinical practiceOffering Tai Chi alongside traditional treatments for RA could promote psychological health and well‐being, help inform clinical decision‐making and prove cost‐effective.
Contraception knowledge and attitudes: truths and myths among African Australian teenage mothers in Greater Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Ngum Chi Watts Mimmie C , Liamputtong Pranee , Carolan Mary 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo discuss the contraception knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of African Australian teenagers and women with a refugee background in Melbourne.BackgroundThe numbers of African Australian persons continue to increase, with a significant proportion being refugee women and children. Attitudes and behaviours towards contraception in this group continue to be influenced by culture, family and beliefs.DesignThis study is based on qualitative research that was underpinned by intersectionality theory, cultural competency and phenomenology.ParticipantsSixteen teenagers and women who had experienced teenage pregnancy in Greater Melbourne, Australia, were interviewed.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with the sixteen African Australian teenagers and women. Following data collection, data were transcribed verbatim, and coded, and key themes identified and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsKnowledge of contraception among this group of migrants was low and filled with myths. Attitudes towards contraception use were insufficient and influenced by beliefs and external factors such as partner, family and community attitudes towards contraception. Migration status and other instabilities in the lives of these participants all intersected to shape their health beliefs and contraception decision‐making.ConclusionsRefugee teenage mothers' knowledge of contraception was low and their attitude towards contraceptive use was poor. Myths and external factors continued to influence teenagers' and women's attitudes towards contraceptives. The events and life experiences of African Australian teenagers/women, culture, and family and community influences should be taken into consideration when providing healthcare services and sexual health education to this migrant group.Relevance to clinical practiceService providers should consider the multiple intersections in the lives of these women when delivering healthcare services and information to them.
Patient retention of training in self‐administration of intravenous antibiotic therapy in an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy service
Authors: Eaves Kathryn , Thornton Julie , Chapman Ann LN 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo assess patient retention of initial training on completion of self‐administration of a prolonged course of intravenous therapy.BackgroundOutpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy is being used increasingly in the UK, and patients requiring prolonged antibiotic courses may be trained to self‐administer therapy.DesignProspective clinical evaluation.MethodsPatients self‐administering parenteral antibiotic therapy through the Sheffield outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy service were assessed when nearing completion of therapy for correct technique in five key areas of proficiency using a scoring system.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients and nine carers were reassessed, at a median interval of 35 days after completion of the initial training package. Of these, 35 of 38 were fully competent in all areas. Three patients showed incomplete retention of their initial training. All made errors relating to use of sterile technique.ConclusionsOverall retention of training was excellent, and this supports earlier reports that patient‐administered outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy is as safe as nurse‐administered therapy. However, this study highlighted a small number of patients or carers who were not fully competent at maintaining sterile technique, and as a result, the protocol for training patients has been altered.Relevance to clinical practiceIn this study, we assess patients' ability to maintain safe self‐administration of therapy over a period of time. Patients are increasingly involved and engaged in their own health care, and this study provides a novel approach to assessing their competence in practical procedures.
Life after critical illness: an overview
Authors: Rattray Janice 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo illustrate the potential physical and psychological problems faced by patients after an episode of critical illness, highlight some of the interventions that have been tested and identify areas for future research.BackgroundRecovery from critical illness is an international problem and as an issue is likely to increase. For some, recovery from critical illness is prolonged, subject to physical and psychological problems that may negatively impact upon health‐related quality of life.MethodsThe literature accessed for this review includes the work of a number of key researchers in the field of critical care research. These were identified from a number of sources include (1) personal knowledge of the research field accumulated over the last decade and (2) using the search engine ‘The Knowledge Network Scotland’.ResultsFatigue and weakness are significant problems for critical care survivors and are common in patients who have been in ICU for more than one week. Psychological problems include anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress, delirium and cognitive impairment. Prevalence of these problems is difficult to establish for a number of methodological reasons that include the use of self‐report questionnaires, the number of different questionnaires used and the variation in administration and timing. Certain subgroups of ICU survivors especially those at the more severe end of the illness severity spectrum are more at risk and this has been demonstrated for both physical and psychological problems. Findings from international studies of a range of potential interventions are presented. However, establishing effectiveness for most of these still has to be empirically demonstrated.ConclusionWhat seems clear is the need for a co‐ordinated, multidisciplinary, designated recovery and rehabilitation pathway that begins as soon as the patient is admitted into an intensive care unit.
American on Everest: Individualism, the American Intellectual Tradition, and the Dream of Woodrow Wilson Sayre
Authors: Sutch Christopher 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article identifies the American philosophical antecedents that informed Woodrow Wilson Sayre's failed attempt to climb Mount Everest in 1962. Sayre, a philosophy professor at Tufts University, was an extreme proponent of individualism and saw the challenge of climbing Everest as a struggle of one man against cold, “antiseptic” Nature. In his writings on the subject Sayre uses some of the same cultural notions about humanity and mountains that were current in American intellectual culture during the 19th century. The paper traces these notions from the Transcendentalists and American poetic descriptions of mountains through to Sayre's writings. The paper ends by describing the official response to Sayre's expedition as revealed in archival sources.
Implementing Technologies for Financial Service Innovations in Base of the Pyramid Markets
Authors: Berger Estelle , Nakata Cheryl 
Published: September 2013

This study examines how information communications technologies (ICTs) can be implemented effectively to provide financial service innovations to the poor who live in developing countries, a market collectively known as the “Base of the Pyramid” or BOP. The BOP needs—but commonly lacks—basic financial services, a situation that perpetuates poverty. With a dearth of formal banks especially in rural areas of developing countries, the BOP has almost no access to savings accounts, credit lines, and other necessary services. However, ICTs have the potential to overcome cost, infrastructure, and other barriers to service delivery, and are being used to offer new financial services such as mobile phone banking to the BOP. The purpose of this study is to determine ways of successfully implementing these technology‐enabled service innovations.The study draws on the Socio‐Technical View for theoretical girding, and uses case method to examine multiple ICT implementation projects in five sub‐Saharan African countries (Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Uganda). The projects, which were carried out by a leading microfinance banking organization named Opportunity International, provided mobile banks, point‐of‐service, and mobile phone banking services to the BOP. Several techniques were applied to gather data in the field over a two‐year period: depth interviews, direct observations, and internal document and data analysis. Multiple forms of evidence were triangulated against one another, and analyzed across cases until themes emerged and converged. In doing so, two specific forms of analysis, explanation building and cross‐case synthesis, were employed to make sense of the data.The findings, summarized as research propositions, collectively conclude that implementation is effective when the unique socio‐human, governmental‐regulatory, and market conditions of the BOP are accounted for, such that fit is achieved between the technologies and environments they are situated in. More specifically, effectiveness comes when implementation (1) addresses customer and agent limits with the technologies, and is accepted and supported by trained staff who monitor technology use and make responsive system adjustments; (2) exploits and promotes supportive governmental regulations and actions, as well as leverages sound electronic fund transfer (EFT) switches, whether government or bank established; and (3) accounts for low business capabilities and evolving market competition, along with the underdeveloped financial sector and financial literacy of the population. In sum, there are multiple factors that should be considered in the design and installation activities surrounding these technologies to ensure they provide cost‐effective, quality financial services to the poor.
Effects of high‐fat and high‐carbohydrate diets on fat and carbohydrate oxidation and plasma metabolites in healthy cats
Authors: Gooding M. A. , Flickinger E. A. , Atkinson J. L. , Duncan I. J. H. , Shoveller A. K. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryHigh‐fat (HF) or high‐carbohydrate (HC) diets (30% fat, 18.9% carbohydrate;HFand 10% fat, 46.3% carbohydrate;HC) and lengths of adaptation were investigated in cats (Felis catus; 10 ± 2 months, 3.6 ± 0.3 kg). Cats randomly received each treatment for 14 days in a crossover design with a 14‐day washout period between each diet. Three 22‐h indirect calorimetry studies were conducted after acute (day 0), semichronic (day 4) and chronic (day 13) dietary exposure. Blood samples were collected after a 24‐h fast on days 1, 5 and 14. When cats consumed theHCandHFdiet, oxidation of the restricted nutrient exceeded intake while oxidation of the nutrient in excess matched intake. Mean max energy expenditure (EE) of cats consuming theHFandHCdiet were 107 and 102 kcal/kg0.67/day and occurred at a mean of 4 and 12 h post‐feeding respectively. Maximal fat (0.90 g/h) and carbohydrate (carbohydrate; 1.42 g/h) oxidation were attained at 26 min and 10.4 h post‐feeding respectively. The changes observed in macronutrient oxidation andEEsuggest that cats adapt whole‐body nutrient metabolism in response to changes in dietary macronutrient content, but may require longer than 14 day to adapt to a macronutrient that is present at a lower concentration in the diet.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Mineral Oil, Charcoal, and Smectite in a Rat Model of Equine Cantharidin Toxicosis
Authors: Qualls H.J. , Holbrook T.C. , Gilliam L.L. , Njaa B.L. , Panciera R.J. , Pope C.N. , Payton M.E. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe efficacy of orally administered therapeutics for the treatment of cantharidin intoxication has not been evaluated in controlled studies.ObjectiveTo develop a model of acute cantharidin intoxication in laboratory rats and to evaluate in this model the relative efficacy of 3 gastrointestinal therapies used to treat equine cantharidin toxicosis.AnimalsSixty‐four male Sprague‐Dawley rats.MethodsA blinded, randomized, controlled study was performed on rats surgically implanted with telemetry transmitters for evaluating heart rate, locomotor activity, and body temperature. Orogastric administration of cantharidin was performed within 15 seconds before administration of mineral oil, activated charcoal, or smectite. Negative control groups received therapeutic agents alone. Urine was collected for cantharidin analysis. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after intoxication, and tissues were collected for histopathologic evaluation. Data analysis includedANOVAprocedures and contingency tables.ResultsSix of 8 cantharidin‐intoxicated rats treated with mineral oil died; bradycardia and hypothermia developed in the animals of this group 0–8 hours after intoxication. Rats treated with mineral oil had higher urine cantharidin concentrations than rats receiving cantharidin alone or with smectite (P = .04). The most severe hypothermia (30.6°C ± 1.0) developed in rats administered mineral oil at 4–8 hours after intoxication, whereas those treated with charcoal (35.2°C ± 0.8) had mean body temperatures higher than all other treatment groups (P = .03). Survival times in the charcoal (P = .16) and smectite (P = .12) treatment groups were not statistically different from negative controls.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMineral oil is often used in the treatment of equine cantharidin toxicosis. Our findings suggest that mineral oil increases cantharidin absorption, worsening morbidity and fatality in rats.
Does Baseline Prostate Volume Affect the Short‐Term Outcome of Tamsulosin?
Authors: MASUMORI Naoya , TSUKAMOTO Taiji , HORITA Hiroki , SUNAOSHI Ken‐ichi , TANAKA Yoshinori , TAKEYAMA Koh , SATO Eiji , MIYAO Noriomi 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the short‐term efficacy of tamsulosin treatment for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) according to baseline prostate volume (PV).MethodsTamsulosin, 0.2 mg/day, was prospectively given to 112 patients aged 50 years or older who had International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) ≥ 8. The short‐term efficacy was analyzed using the IPSS, quality of life (QOL) index, BPH problem index (BPI), maximum flow rate (Qmax) and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) at 4 weeks and 3 months after treatment considering the estimated PV at baseline.ResultsOf the 112 patients, 81 and 31 had PV of < 35 and ≥ 35 mL, respectively. The IPSS was significantly improved in patients with PV of < 35 mL (17.8 ± 5.9 at baseline, 13.5 ± 7.0 at 4 weeks, 11.9 ± 6.1 at 3 months) and in those with PV of ≥ 35 mL (17.4 ± 6.7 at baseline, 13.1 ± 7.0 at 4 weeks, 13.4 ± 6.2 at 3 months). There was no significant difference in the changes of the IPSS between the groups in a combined analysis model (P = 0.559). In addition, the model revealed no significant differences in changes in the QOL index, BPI, Qmax and PVR.ConclusionThe short‐term efficacy of tamsulosin is observed irrespective of baseline PV. Thus, α1‐blocker monotherapy should be considered for all patients with BPH/LUTS to rapidly relieve symptoms, although the long‐term outcome is not promising for patients with a large PV at baseline.
Fine‐grained material encased in microtracks of Stardust samples
Authors: Leroux Hugues , Jacob Damien 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDust from comet 81P/Wild 2 was captured at high speed in silica aerogel collectors during the Stardust mission. Studies of deceleration tracks in aerogel showed that a number of cometary particles were poorly cohesive and fragmented during impact. Fragments are now scattered along the walls of impact cavities. Here, we report a transmission electron microscope study of a piece of aerogel extracted from the wall of track 10. We focused on micron‐sized secondary tracks along which fragments of a fine‐grained material are disseminated. Two populations of fragments were identified. The first is made of polycrystalline silicate assemblages (olivine, pyroxene, and spinel) that appear to be chemically related to each other. The second corresponds to silica‐rich glassy clumps characteristic of a mixture of melted cometary material and aerogel. A significant number of fragments have been found with a composition close to chondritic CI for the major elements Fe‐Mg‐S at a submicron scale. These fragments have thus never been chemically differentiated by high‐temperature processes prior to the accretion on the comet, in contrast to terminal particles, which are dominated by larger, denser, and frequently monomineralic components.
Vestan lithologies mapped by the visual and infrared spectrometer on Dawn
Authors: Ammannito Eleonora , De Sanctis M. Cristina , Capaccioni Fabrizio , Teresa Capria M. , Carraro F. , Combe Jean‐Philippe , Fonte Sergio , Frigeri Alessandro , Joy Steven P. , Longobardo Andrea , Magni Gianfranco , Marchi Simone , McCord Thomas B. , McFadden Lucy A. , McSween Harry Y. , Palomba Ernesto , Pieters Carle M. , Polanskey Carol A. , Raymond Carol A. , Sunshine Jessica M. , Tosi Federico , Zambon Francesca , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe present global lithological maps of the Vestan surface based on Dawn mission's Visible InfraRed (VIR) Spectrometer acquisitions with a spatial sampling of 200 m. The maps confirm the results obtained with the data set acquired by VIR with a spatial sampling of 700 m, that the reflectance spectra of Vesta's surface are dominated by pyroxene absorptions that can be interpreted within the context of the distribution of howardites, eucrites, and diogenites (HEDs). The maps also partially agree with the ground and Hubble Space Telescope observations: they confirm the background surface being an assemblage of howardite or polymict eucrite, as well as the location of a diogenitic‐rich spot; however, there is no evidence of extended olivine‐rich regions in the equatorial latitudes. Diogenite is revealed on the Rheasilvia basin floor, indicating that material of the lower crust/mantle was exposed. VIR also detected diogenites along the scarp of Matronalia Rupes, and the rims of Severina and a nearby, unnamed crater, and as ejecta of Antonia crater. The diogenite distribution is fully consistent with petrological constraints; although the mapped distribution does not provide unambiguous constraints, it favors the hypothesis of a magma ocean.