bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halotolerance and Survival Kinetics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Jalapeño Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fermentation
Authors: González‐Quijano Génesis Karendash , Dorantes‐Alvarez Lidia , Hernández‐Sánchez Humberto , Jaramillo‐Flores María Eugenia , de Jesús Perea‐Flores María , Vera‐Ponce de León Arturo , Hernández‐Rodríguez César 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe microbiota associated with spontaneous fermentation of vegetables in a saline substrate may represent an important group of bacteria in the food industry. In this work, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Weissella cibaria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Leuconostoc citreum were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In addition, entophytic bacteria such as Pantoea eucalypti, Pantoea anthophila, Enterobacter cowanii, and Enterobacter asburiae were detected, but they were irrelevant for the fermentation process and were inhibited after 12 h of fermentation when the pH decreased from 6.5 to 4.9. Moreover, 2 species of yeast were isolated and identified as Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii and Kodamaea ohmeri by their partial 26S rRNA gene sequence. The growth of LAB was evaluated at different sodium chloride contents. L. citreum was the most halotolerant species followed by L. plantarum and W. cibaria with a concentration index to obtain a 50% population reduction (IC50) of 7.2%, 6.6%, and 5.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the growth of LAB and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was evaluated in the presence of the main phenylpropanoids from chilli peppers such as p‐coumaric and ferulic acid. It was determined that LAB can grow in both acids at 4 mM, unlike E. coli O157:H7, whose growth is inhibited in the presence of these acids.
Effects of Frozen Storage on Survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterotoxin Production in Precooked Tuna Meat
Authors: Wu Xulei , Su Yi‐Cheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in precooked tuna meat for producing canned products during frozen storage (−20 ± 2 °C) as well as its growth and enterotoxin production at 35 to 37 °C after the storage. Samples (50 ± 5 g) of precooked albacore (loin, chunk, and flake) and skipjack (chunk and flake) tuna were inoculated with 5 enterotoxin‐producing strains of S. aureus at a level of approximately 3.5 log CFU/g and individually packed in a vacuum bag after 3 h incubation at 35 to 37 °C. Vacuum‐packed samples were stored in a freezer (−20 ± 2 °C) for 4 wk. The frozen samples were then thawed in 37 °C circulating water for 2 h and incubated at 35 to 37 °C for 22 h. Populations of S. aureus in all precooked tuna samples decreased slightly (<0.7 log CFU/g) after 4 wk of storage at −20 ± 2 °C, but increased rapidly once the samples were thawed and held at 35 to 37 °C. Total S. aureus counts in albacore and skipjack samples increased by greater than 3 log CFU/g after 6 and 8 h of exposure to 35 to 37 °C, respectively. All samples became spoiled after 10 h of exposure to 35 to 37 °C, while no enterotoxin was detected in any samples. However, enterotoxins were detected in albacore loin and other samples after 12 and 24 h of incubation at 35 to 37 °C, respectively. Frozen precooked tuna meat should be used for producing canned tuna within 6 to 8 h of thawing to avoid product spoilage and potential enterotoxin production by S. aureus in contaminated precooked tuna meat.
Pathological manifestation of difference in washout pattern of adrenal hyperplasia on dynamic CT
Authors: Nishie Akihiro , Asayama Yoshiki , Ishigami Kousei , Kakihara Daisuke , Nakayama Tomohiro , Ushijima Yasuhiro , Takayama Yukihisa , Yokomizo Akira , Tatsugami Katsunori , Inokuchi Junichi , Fujita Nobuhiro , Kubo Yuichiro , Aishima Shinichi , Hirakawa Masakazu , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between the washout pattern and constituent cell in adrenal hyperplasia (AH) has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the radiological or pathological factors determining the washout pattern of AH on dynamic CT.MethodsTen patients with 14 surgically proven AHs were enrolled. Dynamic CT was scanned before (pre‐contrast image) and 60 seconds (early phase) and 240 seconds (delayed phase) after administration of iodine contrast. The absolute percentage washout (APW) of each nodular lesion was calculated using the following formula: APW(%) = (TAearly‐TAdelay)/(TAearly‐TApre) × 100, when TApre, TAearly and TAdelay were defined as tumour attenuation values of pre‐contrast, early and delayed phases, respectively. Pathologically, the clear cell ratio (CCR) constituting each nodular lesion was qualitatively assessed. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate a correlation between each pair of CCR, TApre, (TAearly‐TAdelay) and APW.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between each pair of CCR, TApre and APW. CCR decreased as TApre increased (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). APW increased as CCR decreased (r = 0.80, P < 0.001) or as TApre increased (r = 0.74, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe key factors of washout pattern of AH on dynamic CT were CCR and TApre. The difference in constituent cell was associated with variability in APW of AH.
Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Adverse Adult Outcomes: Evaluating Confounds with Drinking‐Discordant Twins
Authors: Rose Richard J. , Winter Torsten , Viken Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundAdolescent alcohol abuse is associated with adverse outcomes in early adulthood, but differences in familial status and structure and household and community environments correlate with both adolescent drinking and adverse adult outcomes and may explain their association. We studied drinking‐discordant twin pairs to evaluate such confounds to ask: Will between‐family associations replicate in within‐family comparisons?MethodsWith longitudinal data from >3,000 Finnish twins, we associated drinking problems at age 18½ with 13 outcomes assessed at age 25; included were sustained substance abuse, poor health, physical symptoms, early coital debut, multiple sexual partners, life dissatisfaction, truncated education, and financial problems. We assessed associations among twins as individuals with linear regression adjusted for correlated observations; within‐family analyses of discordant twin pairs followed, comparing paired means for adult outcomes among co‐twins discordant for adolescent problem drinking. Defining discordance by extreme scores on self‐reported problem drinking at age 18½ permitted parallel analyses of twins as individuals and discordant twin pairs. Alternate definitions of pair‐wise discordance and difference score correlations across the entire twin sample yielded supplementary analyses.ResultsAll individual associations were highly significant for all definitions of discordance we employed. Depending on definitions of discordance, 11 to 13 comparisons of all drinking‐discordant twin pairs and 3 to 6 comparisons of discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs replicated between‐family associations. For most outcomes, effect size attenuated from individual‐level analysis to that within discordant MZ twin pairs providing evidence of partial confounding in associations reported in earlier research. The exception was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ); at age 25, GHQ‐12 had equivalent associations with age 18½ Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index across all comparisons.ConclusionsOur analyses control for shared family background, and, partly or fully, for shared genes, to yield within‐family replications and more compelling evidence than previously available that adolescent alcohol abuse disrupts transitions into early adulthood.
On the Cornea of Healthy Merino Sheep: A Detailed Ex Vivo Confocal, Histological and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Cafaro T. A. , Suarez M. F. , Maldonado C. , Croxatto J. O. , Insfrán C. , Urrets‐Zavalía J. A. , Serra H. M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryOur study performed qualitative and quantitative studies on the corneal ultrastructure of healthy female Merino sheep of ages 4 months and 6 years old from the Argentinean Pampa. The corneas were evaluated using ex vivo laser‐scanning confocal microscopy, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Those studies allowed us to obtain detailed images of the corneal layers as well as quantitative data of the cellular and sub‐basal nerve densities in the cornea from sheep of different ages. The density of the corneal cells was significantly different in the anterior versus the posterior epithelium and stroma. Moreover, the density of the epithelial, stromal cells and endothelial cells, as well as the sub‐basal nerve density were significantly lower in adult than in young animals. Our work provided a wide‐ranging description of the corneal ultrastructure of healthy female Merino sheep, which adds to the current knowledge about the ophthalmological aspects of this species and undoubtedly benefits veterinarians.
Metabolomic analysis of breath volatile organic compounds reveals unique breathprints in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study
Authors: Patel N. , Alkhouri N. , Eng K. , Cikach F. , Mahajan L. , Yan C. , Grove D. , Rome E. S. , Lopez R. , Dweik R. A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundBreath testing is becoming an important diagnostic method to evaluate many disease states. In the light of rising healthcare costs, is important to develop a simple non‐invasive tool to potentially identify paediatric patients who need endoscopy for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimTo analyse exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and investigate the presence of a unique breath patterns to differentiate paediatric patients with (IBD) from healthy controls.MethodsA cross‐sectional, single‐centre study included paediatric IBD patients and healthy controls (age range, 5–21 years). The diagnosis of IBD was confirmed by endoscopic, histological and radiographic data. Exhaled breath was collected and analysed using a selective ion flow tube mass spectroscopy (SIFT‐MS) to identify new markers or patterns of IBD.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen patients (62 with IBD and 55 healthy controls) were included in the study. Linear discriminant analysis and principle component analysis of mass scanning ion peak data demonstrated 21 pre‐selected VOCs correctly classify patients with IBD or as healthy controls; P < 0.0001. Multivariable logistic regression analysis further showed three specific VOCs (1‐octene, 1‐decene, (E)‐2‐nonene) had excellent accuracy for predicting the presence of IBD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.99). No significant difference in VOCs was found between patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and no significant correlation was seen with disease activity.ConclusionThese pilot data support the hypothesis that a unique breathprint potentially exists for paediatric IBD in the exhaled metabolome.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and anti‐Müllerian hormone: role of insulin resistance, androgens, obesity and gonadotrophins
Authors: Cassar Samantha , Teede Helena J. , Moran Lisa J. , Joham Anju E. , Harrison Cheryce L. , Strauss Boyd J. , Stepto Nigel K. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjectivePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, obesity, altered gonadotrophin release and anovulatory infertility. Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been proposed as a marker of ovarian function and fertility. Across a cohort of lean and overweight women with and without PCOS, we investigated the association of AMH with insulin resistance and body composition using gold standard measures. A secondary aim was to examine whether AMH was useful to determine PCOS status.DesignCross‐sectional study.PatientsA total of 22 lean and 21 overweight women with PCOS and 19 lean and 16 overweight non‐PCOS healthy controls were recruited. PCOS was diagnosed based on the Rotterdam criteria.MeasurementsEuglycaemic‐hyperinsulinaemic clamp for assessing insulin resistance, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and computed tomography for assessing adiposity, and blood sampling for the assessment of androgens, gonadotrophins and AMH.ResultsAnti‐Müllerian hormone levels were increased in women with PCOS (P <0·001) regardless of adiposity, with this increase associated with testosterone (P <0·001) rather than insulin resistance (P = 0·79), adiposity (P = 0·98) or gonadotrophins. In assessing the ability of AMH to predict PCOS, a value of 30 pmol/l or higher indicated 79% of women with PCOS were correctly identified as having the condition.ConclusionAnti‐Müllerian hormone appears primarily related to androgen status suggesting a direct and predominant role of androgens in the pathophysiology of reproductive dysfunction in PCOS. As AMH reflects PCOS status, it may also be useful in PCOS diagnosis.
Sampling phylogenetic tree space with the generalized Gibbs sampler
Authors: Keith Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA recent article published in Cladistics is critical of a number of heuristic methods for phylogenetic inference based on parsimony scores. One of my papers is among those criticized, and I would appreciate the opportunity to make a public response. The specific criticism is that I have re‐invented an algorithm for economizing parsimony calculations on trees that differ by a subtree pruning and regrafting (SPR) rearrangement. This criticism is justified, and I apologize for incorrectly claiming originality for my presentation of this algorithm. However, I would like to clarify the intent of my paper, if I can do so without detracting from the sincerity of my apology. My paper is not about that algorithm, nor even primarily about parsimony. Rather, it is about a novel strategy for Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling in a state space consisting of trees. The sampler involves drawing from conditional distributions over sets of trees: a Gibbs‐like strategy that had not previously been used to sample tree‐space. I would like to see this technique incorporated into MCMC samplers for phylogenetics, as it may have advantages over commonly used Metropolis‐like strategies. I have recently used it to sample phylogenies of a biological invasion, and I am finding many applications for it in agent‐based Bayesian ecological modelling. It is thus my contention that my 2005 paper retains substantial value.
Increase of homogenous new bone formation using osteoinductive factor rhGDF‐5 during sinus floor augmentation in Goettingen Minipigs
Authors: Brockmeyer Phillipp , Lange Katharina , Hahn Wolfram , Schliephake Henning , Matthias Gruber Rudolf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that recombinant human growth and differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5) induces an increased and homogenous distribution of new bone formation across the entire volume of sinus floor augmentation in 12 Goettingen Minipigs.Material and MethodsIn a randomized split‐mouth design, one maxillary sinus was augmented with the bone substitute β‐TCP, whereas a combination of β‐TCP and the osteoinductive growth factor rhGDF‐5 was used on the contralateral side. To evaluate the influence of dose and time on the effectiveness of the factor, two different concentrations of rhGDF‐5 (400 μg and 800 μg) and healing periods (4 and 12 weeks) were each analysed.ResultsAfter 4 weeks, a homogenous gradient of bone formation could be observed for all dosage groups, with decreasing bone density from the local bone towards the sinus membrane. Both test groups, however, achieved a higher total level of bone formation compared with the control group, which was only significant in the low‐dose group (P = 0.0184). After 12 weeks, the influence of the growth factor significantly depends on the region (P = 0.023). In the low‐dose group, the new bone formation did not differ significantly within the examined regions of the graft (P = 0.1118), suggesting a homogeneous bone formation over the entire augmentation. The gradient of the high‐dose group was similar to the control group with a decrease of local bone development.ConclusionsrhGDF‐5 delivered on a β‐TCP scaffold material leads to an increase in homogeneous new bone formation across the entire volume of the sinus floor augmentation.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of early vs. late autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Pandya Chintan , Hashmi Shahrukh , Khera Nandita , Gertz Morie A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Hogan William , Siddiqui Mustaqeem , Noyes Katia , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAutologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the current standard of care for most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who are transplant eligible, yet the timing ofASCTis disputed due to a similar overall (OS) and progression‐free survival with an earlyASCT(eASCT) or a delayedASCT(dASCT) approach.ObjectiveWe developed a decision analytic model to perform cost‐effectiveness analysis of the two commonly used treatment strategies forMM.MethodsData on disease progression and treatment effectiveness came from 2001 to 2008 cohort treated at the Mayo Clinic and from published studies. Cost analysis was performed from a third‐party payer perspective.ResultsThe Consumer Price Index adjusted 2012 costs ofeASCTanddASCTwere $249 236 and $262 610, respectively.eASCTcohort had a benefit of 1.96 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), 0.23 QALYs more thandASCT, implying thateASCTis preferred (dominant) overdASCT. The most critical variables in one‐way sensitivity analysis were treatment‐related mortality and OS associated witheASCTstrategy.ConclusionsWe conclude thateASCTcould potentially be a relatively cost‐effective treatment option for appropriate patients with MM, and these results would help patients, providers, and payers in decision making for timing of ASCT.
Dorsal muscle group area and surgical outcomes in liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Christopher S. , Cron David C. , Terjimanian Michael N. , Canvasser Leah D. , Mazurek Alyssa A. , Vonfoerster Ellen , Tishberg Lindsay M. , Underwood Patrick W. , Chang Eric T. , Wang Stewart C. , Sonnenday Christopher J. , Englesbe Michael J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionBetter measures of liver transplant risk stratification are needed. Our previous work noted a strong relationship between psoas muscle area and survival following liver transplantation. The dorsal muscle group is easier to measure, but it is unclear if they are also correlated with surgical outcomes.MethodsOur study population included liver transplant recipients with a preoperative CT scan. Cross‐sectional areas of the dorsal muscle group at the T12 vertebral level were measured. The primary outcomes for this study were one‐ and five‐yr mortality and one‐yr complications. The relationship between dorsal muscle group area and post‐transplantation outcome was assessed using univariate and multivariate techniques.ResultsDorsal muscle group area measurements were strongly associated with psoas area (r = 0.72; p < 0.001). Postoperative outcome was observed from 325 patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed dorsal muscle group area to be a significant predictor of one‐yr mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, p = 0.001), five‐yr mortality (OR = 0.53, p < 0.001), and one‐yr complications (OR = 0.67, p = 0.007).ConclusionLarger dorsal muscle group muscle size is associated with improved post‐transplantation outcomes. The muscle is easier to measure and may represent a clinically relevant postoperative risk factor.
The N400 and the fourth grade shift
Authors: Coch Donna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhile behavioral and educational data characterize a fourth grade shift in reading development, neuroscience evidence is relatively lacking. We used the N400 component of the event‐related potential waveform to investigate the development of single word processing across the upper elementary years, in comparison to adult readers. We presented third graders, fourth graders, fifth graders, and college students with a well‐controlled list of real words, pseudowords, letter strings, false font strings, and animal name targets. Words and pseudowords elicited similar N400s across groups. False font strings elicited N400s similar to words and letter strings in the three groups of children, but not in college students. The pattern of findings suggests relatively adult‐like semantic and phonological processing by third grade, but a long developmental time course, beyond fifth grade, for orthographic processing in this context. Thus, the amplitude of the N400 elicited by various word‐like stimuli does not reflect some sort of shift or discontinuity in word processing around the fourth grade. However, the results do suggest different developmental time courses for the processes that contribute to automatic single word reading and the integrative N400.
Introduced northern pike consumption of salmonids in Southcentral Alaska
Authors: Sepulveda Adam J. , Rutz David S. , Dupuis Aaron W. , Shields Patrick A. , Dunker Kristine J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe impacts of introduced northern pike (Esox lucius) on salmonid populations have attracted much attention because salmonids are popular subsistence, sport and commercial fish. Concern over the predatory effects of introduced pike on salmonids is especially high in Southcentral Alaska, where pike were illegally introduced to the Susitna River basin in the 1950s. We used pike abundance, growth, and diet estimates and bioenergetics models to characterise the realised and potential consumptive impacts that introduced pike (age 2 and older) have on salmonids in Alexander Creek, a tributary to the Susitna River. We found that juvenile salmonids were the dominant prey item in pike diets and that pike could consume up to 1.10 metric tons (realised consumption) and 1.66 metric tons (potential consumption) of juvenile salmonids in a summer. Age 3–4 pike had the highest per capita consumption of juvenile salmonids, and age 2 and age 3–4 pike had the highest overall consumption of juvenile salmonid biomass. Using historical data on Chinook salmon and pike potential consumption of juvenile salmonids, we found that pike consumption of juvenile salmonids may lead to collapsed salmon stocks in Alexander Creek. Taken together, our results indicate that pike consume a substantial biomass of juvenile salmonids in Alexander Creek and that coexistence of pike and salmon is unlikely without management actions to reduce or eliminate introduced pike.