bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma miR‐208 as a useful biomarker for drug‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Nishimura Yoko , Kondo Chiaki , Morikawa Yuji , Tonomura Yutaka , Torii Mikinori , Yamate Jyoji , Uehara Takeki 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTCardiotoxicity is one of the major safety concerns in drug development. Therefore, detecting and monitoring cardiotoxicity throughout preclinical and clinical studies is important for pharmaceutical companies. The present study was conducted in order to explore a plasma miRNA biomarker for cardiotoxicity in rats. As organ specificity is an important factor for a biomarker, we analyzed the miRNA microarray dataset in 55 organs/tissues in normal male rats. Based on this analysis, 5 miRNAs consisting of miR‐208 (heart‐specific), miR‐1, miR‐133a, miR‐133b (heart and skeletal muscle‐specific) and miR‐206 (skeletal muscle‐specific) were selected. Next, we evaluated the usefulness of those 5 miRNAs as circulating biomarkers in rats administered with single‐dose isoproterenol or doxorubicin. Plasma miR‐208 was consistently increased through 24 h after dosing in rats administered with isoproterenol, whereas plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin (cTn) showed transient elevation. In contrast, the plasma levels of miR‐1, miR‐133a, miR‐133a and miR‐206 were elevated after treatment with doxorubicin, probably as a result of skeletal muscle toxicity. Additionally, the plasma miR‐208 level was elevated even after repeat‐dose administration (once daily for 7 days) of isoproterenol under which the pathological condition proceeded to the sub‐chronic phase such as fibrosis. Thus, our data suggest that miR‐208 is a promising plasma biomarker for cardiotoxicity in rats. Monitoring of plasma miR‐208 levels in rats may lead to more accurate evaluation of cardiotoxicity in preclinical studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anabolic Bone Formation Via a Site-Specific Bone-Targeting Delivery System by Interfering With Semaphorin 4d Expression
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Wei Lingfei , Miron Richard J , Shi Bin , Bian Zhuan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Semaphorins have been recently targeted as new molecules directly implicated in the cell-cell communication that occurs between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Overexpression of certain semaphorins, such as semaphorin4D (sema4D), is found in an osteoporotic phenotype and plays a key role in osteoclast activity by suppressing osteoblast maturation, thus significantly altering the bone modeling cycle. In the present study, we fabricate a site-specific bone-targeting drug-delivery system from polymeric nanoparticles with the incorporation of siRNA interference molecule for sema4D and demonstrate their cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking within osteoclasts, thus preventing the suppression of osteoblast activity. We then demonstrate in an osteoporotic animal model induced by ovariectomy that weekly intravenous injections led to a significantly greater number of active osteoblasts at the bone surface, resulting in higher bone volume in compromised animals. The findings from the present study demonstrate a novel and promising site-specific therapeutic option for the treatment of osteoporosis via interference of the sema4D-plexin cell communication pathway between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Canalicular Network Morphology Is the Major Determinant of the Spatial Distribution of Mass Density in Human Bone Tissue: Evidence by Means of Synchrotron Radiation Phase-Contrast nano-CT
Authors: Hesse Bernhard , Varga Peter , Langer Max , Pacureanu Alexandra , Schrof Susanne , Männicke Nils , Suhonen Heikki , Maurer Peter , Cloetens Peter , Peyrin Francoise , Raum Kay 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

In bone remodeling, maturation of the newly formed osteonal tissue is associated with a rapid primary increase followed by a slower secondary increase of mineralization. This requires supply and precipitation of mineral into the bone matrix. Mineral delivery can occur only from the extracellular fluid via interfaces such as the Haversian system and the osteocyte pore network. We hypothesized that in mineralization, mineral exchange is achieved by the diffusion of mineral from the lacunar-canalicular network (LCN) to the bone matrix, resulting in a gradual change in tissue mineralization with respect to the distance from the pore-matrix interface. We expected to observe alterations in the mass density distribution with tissue age. We further hypothesized that mineral exchange occurs not only at the lacunar but also at the canalicular boundaries. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the spatial distribution of mass density in the perilacunar and pericanalicular bone matrix and to explore how these densities are influenced by tissue aging. This is achieved by analyzing human jawbone specimens originating from four healthy donors and four treated with high-dosage bisphosphonate using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast nano-CT with a 50-nm voxel size. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that mass density in the direct vicinity of both lacunae (p &lt; 0.001) and canaliculi (p &lt; 0.001) is different from the mean matrix mass density, resulting in gradients with respect to the distance from both pore-matrix interfaces, which diminish with increasing tissue age. Though limited by the sample size, these findings support our hypotheses. Moreover, the density gradients are more pronounced around the lacunae than around the canaliculi, which are explained by geometrical considerations in the LCN morphology. In addition, we speculate that mineral exchange occurs at all interfaces of the LCN, not only in mineralization but also in mineral homeostasis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Incorporating ruthenium into advanced drug delivery carriers – an innovative generation of chemotherapeutics
Authors: Blunden Bianca M. , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRuthenium complexes have been shown to possess remarkable chemotherapeutic – both anticancer and antimetastatic – properties. Ruthenium possesses unique attributes that have led to the development of promising anticancer and antimetastatic therapeutics, for example, RAPTA‐C, KP1019 and NAMI‐A. The amplified benefit that can be gained by incorporating drugs into macromolecules has only recently been investigated for ruthenium agents. The advances in macromolecular chemistries has allowed for the incorporation and examination of some of these promising moieties within macromolecular matrices. Several nano‐sized delivery systems have also been developed for cancer treatment, for example, micelles, liposomes, peptide structures and hybrid moieties. The main findings of this novel body of work are presented here, highlighting the scope for further investigations. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymeric siRNA delivery vectors: knocking down cancers with polymeric‐based gene delivery systems
Authors: Ardana Aditya , Whittaker Andrew K. , McMillan Nigel A.J. , Thurecht Kristofer J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOne of the most promising routes for cancer therapy that has evolved over the previous decade is the use of small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) as a means of switching off genes that are responsible for tumour development. However, while siRNA and gene/antisense therapies provide alternatives to conventional chemotherapies, significant hurdles related to the delivery and efficacy of treatment must still be overcome before this technology can be used as an effective treatment for cancer and other diseases. This review highlights the issues associated with siRNA therapy in vivo, and describes the various approaches that are being explored using polymers as delivery vectors. In particular, the review focuses on targeted delivery as a means of improving efficacy of the gene therapy. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Mode of action of dopamine in inducing hyperglycemia in the fresh water edible crab, Oziothelphusa senex senex
Authors: Swetha CH. , Sainath S. B. , Reddy P. Sreenivasula 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate the mode of action of dopamine in regulating hemolymph sugar level in the fresh water edible crab, Oziothelphusa senex senex. Injection of dopamine produced hyperglycemia in a dose‐dependent manner in intact crabs but not in eyestalkless crabs. Administration of dopamine resulted in a significant decrease in total carbohydrates and glycogen levels with a significant increase in glycogen phosphorylase activity levels in hepatopancreas and muscle of intact crabs, indicating dopamine‐induced glycogenolysis resulting in hyperglycemia. Bilateral eyestalk ablation resulted in significant increase in the total carbohydrates and glycogen levels with a significant decrease in the activity levels of phosphorylase in the hepatopancreas and muscle of the crabs. Eyestalk ablation resulted in significant decrease in hemolymph hyperglycemic hormone levels. The levels of hyperglycemic hormone in the hemolymph of dopamine injected crabs were significantly higher than in control crabs. However, no significant changes in the levels of hemolymph hyperglycemic hormone and sugar and tissue carbohydrate and phosphorylase activity were observed in dopamine injected eyestalk ablated crabs when compared with eyestalk ablated crabs. These results support an earlier hypothesis in crustaceans that dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter and induces hyperglycemia by triggering the release of hyperglycemic hormone in the crab, O. senex senex. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 531–539, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological properties of the last primaries, the tail feathers, and the alulae of Accipiter nisus, Columba livia, Falco peregrinus, and Falco tinnunculus
Authors: Schmitz Anke , Ponitz Benjamin , Brücker Christoph , Schmitz Helmut , Herweg Jan , Bleckmann Horst 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigated the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, bending stiffness, barb separation forces) of the tenth primary of the wings, of the alulae and of the middle tail feathers of Falco peregrinus. For comparison, we also investigated the corresponding feathers in pigeons (Columba livia), kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), and sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus). In all four species, the Young's moduli of the feathers ranged from 5.9 to 8.4 GPa. The feather shafts of F. peregrinus had the largest cross‐sections and the highest specific bending stiffness. When normalized with respect to body mass, the specific bending stiffness of primary number 10 was highest in F. tinnunculus, while that of the alula was highest in A. nisus. In comparison, the specific bending stiffness, measured at the base of the tail feathers and in dorso‐ventral bending direction, was much higher in F. peregrinus than in the other three species. This seems to correlate with the flight styles of the birds: F. tinnunculus hovers and its primaries might therefore withstand large mechanical forces. A. nisus has often to change its flight directions during hunting and perhaps needs its alulae for this maneuvers, and in F. peregrinus, the base of the tail feathers might need a high stiffness during breaking after diving. J. Morphol. 276:33–46, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dairy matrix effect on the transference of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil compounds during cheese making
Authors: Moro Armando , Librán Celia M , Berruga M Isabel , Carmona Manuel , Zalacain Amaya 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of aromatic plant extracts as ingredients may be compromised owing to low transference and activity lack in food matrixes compared with in vitro trials. Rosemary essential oil (REO) was added to sheep milk to study the transference of its compounds during the cheese‐making process and to determine how cheese antimicrobial activity is modified.RESULTSThe volatile characterization of dairy samples was performed using headspace stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS‐SBSE/GC/MS) so that fat matrix interferences were reduced. This method detected a decrease in volatile recovery concentration of 19.33% when REO was added to milk. A total recovery volatile yield of 62.51% was measured from the initial quantification of milk to cheese, with hydrocarbon volatiles being transferred in a higher ratio (64.88%) than oxygenated ones (58.74%). No effects were observed for REO in fortified cheese on the counts of native flora necessary for ripening processes, but the total inhibition of Clostridium spp. was provokedCONCLUSIONThe study of active compound transference during cheese elaboration was achieved. The antimicrobial results in fortified cheeses with REO showed a preventive effect in the case of clostridial species, which are responsible for late cheese blowing. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of setting temperature on glucono‐δ‐lactone‐induced gelation of silver carp surimi
Authors: Weng Wuyin , Zheng Wenxiang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSetting temperature is important for heat‐induced surimi gel formation. However, there is little information concerning setting temperature on the properties of glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL)‐induced surimi gel, which is considered a new preparation technique.RESULTSThe pH of surimi gel induced by 2% GDL was about 4.6, while the breaking force of GDL‐induced surimi gel preheated at a temperature range of 35–50 °C was higher than that of heat‐induced surimi gel. The breaking force, deformation and whiteness of GDL‐induced surimi gel were increased with increasing setting temperature from 30 to 45 °C, but water‐holding capacity was decreased. When setting temperature was further increased to 50 °C, the textural properties were decreased, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) was degraded slightly. The data of protein subunits solubilized in various solvents revealed that MHC participated in the formation of GDL‐induced surimi gel mainly through hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, when GDL‐induced surimi gel was preheated at 45 °C, a compact and fine fiber microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy.CONCLUSIONSetting treatment at the appropriate temperature could promote the formation of a fine, compact GDL‐induced surimi gel network, resulting in improved textural properties. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Hetero‐Stereocomplex Crystallization between Star‐Shaped 4‐Arm Poly(l‐2‐hydroxybutanoic acid) and Poly(d‐lactic acid) from the Melt
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Suzuki Miho 
Published: August 2014

Four‐arm poly(l‐2‐hydroxybutanoic acid) [P(L‐2HB)]/poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA) blends are phase‐separated to form P(L‐2HB)‐rich and PDLA‐rich domains. Hetero‐stereocomplex (HTSC) crystallization should occur at the interface of two types of domains. The crystallization temperature ranges, wherein HTSC crystallites, P(L‐2HB), and PDLA homocrystallites are crystallizable in the star‐shaped 4‐arm P(L‐2HB)/PDLA blends, are much narrower than those reported for linear 1‐arm P(L‐2HB)/PDLA blends, indicating that the star‐shaped architecture disturbs the isothermal crystallization of the blends. Exclusive HTSC crystallization is not observed for the star‐shaped 4‐arm blends during isothermal crystallization in marked contrast with the result reported for the linear 1‐arm blends.
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WEBridge: west–east bridge for distributed heterogeneous SDN NOSes peering
Authors: Lin Pingping , Bi Jun , Wang Yangyang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLarge networks are often partitioned by the network operators into several smaller networks when deploying software‐defined networks (SDNs). Additionally, a dedicated network operating system (NOS) is deployed for each of these SDNs. Each NOS can learn the local network view that enables control of how data packets are forwarded within its network. Controlling the flow of data packets in an entire network requires each NOS to have a global network view to determine the next NOS hop. Hence, NOSes are required to share or exchange reachability and topological information. How such information is efficiently exchanged has not been well addressed so far, especially in the case of multi‐vendor NOSes. This paper proposes a west–east bridge mechanism for distributed heterogeneous NOSes to cooperate in enterprise/data center/intra‐autonomous system networks. We propose to simplify physical networks into virtual networks and only exchange the simplified virtual network information to construct the global network view. To achieve a resilient peer‐to‐peer control plane of distributed heterogeneous NOSes, we propose a “maximum connection degree”‐based connection algorithm. Considering the security issue, we adopt controller identity authentication. We implement the west–east bridge and analyze the performance obtained: about 100% of enterprises and data centers, and about 99.5% of autonomous systems can adopt to this solution. The deployment in three SDNs (CERNET, Internet2, and CSTNET) proves the feasibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Quantum Nature of C–H···Metal Interaction: Vibrational Spectra and Kinetic and Geometric Isotope Effects of Adsorbed Cyclohexane
Authors: Koitaya Takanori , Yoshinobu Jun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe nature of C–H···M (M = metal surface) interactions is reviewed based mainly on our recent investigations of cyclohexane on Rh(111). Infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy measurements at low temperature (∼20 K) have shown that the softened CH stretching band consists of several sharp peaks. At temperatures above 80 K, each peak is broadened, most probably by anharmonic coupling with thermally excited low‐energy frustrated translational modes. The origin of fine structure in this band and its similarity to that in hydrogen bond systems are discussed. In addition, novel isotope effects were observed in desorption kinetics and adsorption geometry of cyclohexane on Rh(111) using temperature programmed desorption, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and spot profile analysis low‐energy electron diffraction. The desorption energy of deuterated cyclohexane (C6D12) is lower than that of C6H12 (inverse kinetic isotope effect). In addition, the work function change by adsorbed C6D12 is smaller than that by adsorbed C6H12. These results indicate that C6D12 molecules are slightly more distant from the surface than C6H12 molecules (vertical geometric isotope effect). A lateral geometric isotope effect was also observed for the two‐dimensional cyclohexane superstructures as a result of the repulsive interaction between interfacial dipoles (= work function change). These isotope effects are ascribed to the quantum nature of hydrogen involved in the C–H···M interaction.
Imaging Molecular Interaction of NO on Cu(110) with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Authors: Okuyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMolecular interaction on metal surfaces is one of the central issues of surface science for the microscopic understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. In this Personal Account, I review the recent studies on NO/Cu(110) employing a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to probe and control the molecule–molecule interaction on the surface. An individual NO molecule was observed as a characteristic dumbbell‐shaped protrusion, visualizing the 2π* orbital. By manipulating the intermolecular distance with the STM, the overlap of the 2π* orbital between two NO molecules was controlled. The interaction causes the formation of the bonding and antibonding orbitals below and above the Fermi level, respectively, as a function of the intermolecular distance. The 2π* orbital also plays a role in the reaction of NO with water molecules. A water molecule donates a H‐bond to NO, giving rise to the down‐shift of the 2π* level below the Fermi level. This causes electron transfer from the substrate to NO, weakening, and eventually rupturing, the N–O bond. The facile bond cleavage by water molecules has implications for the catalytic reduction of NO under ambient conditions.
Cross‐fertilizing aquatic and terrestrial research to understand predator risk effects
Authors: Wirsing Aaron J. , Heithaus Michael R. , Frid Alejandro 
Published: August 2014

Research that conceptually transcends boundaries between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems has a long history of increasing insight into ecology and evolution. To stimulate further cross‐fertilization between studies that focus on different ecosystems, we highlight several insights on risk effects—the costs of antipredator behavior—that have emerged in part because of combined advances in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Namely, risk effects (1) are not restricted to structured landscapes where antipredator behavior is easily measurable, (2) can be substantial even when prey experience very low predation rates, (3) are contingent on a three‐way interaction between the hunting mode of the predator, escape tactic of the prey, and features of the landscape/physical environment, and (4) can interact with direct predation (consumption) and resource availability (through its effects on prey energy state) to control consumer population size. We conclude by highlighting the value of exploring differences between aquatic and terrestrial risk effects and offering a prospectus for future studies of antipredator behavior and its ecological importance in both eco‐domains. WIREs Water 2014, 1:439–448. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1039This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Juvenile sexual dimorphism, dichromatism and condition-dependent signaling in a bird species with early pair bonds
Authors: Surmacki Adrian , Stępniewski Janusz , Stępniewska Małgorzata 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSexual selection in juvenile vertebrates is a rare and seldom studied phenomenon. Bearded Reedlings are passerines that form stable, life-long pair bonds within a few weeks after fledging. We investigated the degree to which juvenile Bearded Reedlings are sexually dimorphic and whether they possess condition-dependent ornaments. We found significant intersexual differences in the bill reflectance, reflectance and size of eumelanin-based plumage traits (lore and back patch) and morphological traits. Females that were in better body condition had longer tails and bills with greater red chroma, and lore size was negatively related to the occurrence of chewing lice. In males, body condition was positively related to melanic back patch length. Moreover, a positive relationship between bill color and feather mite load in males suggests a symbiotic, rather than parasitic, relationship. Our study provides the first evidence that sexually dimorphic traits in immature birds with pair bonds have the potential to signal condition and resistance to parasites.
Palmitoylation and depalmitoylation defects
Authors: Hornemann Thorsten 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPalmitoylation describes the enzymatic attachment of a 16‐carbon atom fatty acid to a target protein. Such lipidation events occur in all eukaryotes and can be of reversible (S‐palmitoylation) or irreversible (N‐palmitoylation) nature. In particular S‐palmitoylation is dynamically regulated by two opposing types of enzymes which add (palmitoyl acyltransferases – PAT) or remove (acyl protein thioesterases) palmitate from proteins. Protein palmitoylation is an important process that dynamically regulates the assembly and compartmentalization of many neuronal proteins at specific subcellular sites. Enzymes that regulate protein palmitoylation are critical for several biological processes. To date, eight palmitoylation related genes have been reported to be associated with human disease. This review intends to give an overview on the pathological changes which are associated with defects in the palmitoylation/depalmitoylation process.