bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Surface Enhancement Effect of Molecules On/Between Silver Nanoparticles in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Cheng Min‐Liang , Yang Jyisy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo explore the mechanisms in Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were first prepared by a silver mirror reaction to form different particle sizes and different distributions on glass substrates. After the resulting surfaces were probed with molecules of p‐Amino‐thiophenol (pATP), p‐Nitrothiophenol (pNTP), and p‐Mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) individually, the substrates were placed into reaction solutions to grow additional AgNPs. In this way, probe molecules could be trapped between two nanoparticles, possibly having the so‐called “hot spot” effect. To examine the variations of morphologies of AgNPs in each of the steps, the substrates were examined by field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). The morphologies also were correlated with the SERS signals. Two bands in the SERS spectra of probe molecules were selected as indications of the enhancements from electromagnetic (EM) effect and charge‐transfer (CT). Results indicate that the SERS signals from the EM effect were increased ca. 5 times after growing additional AgNPs on the molecule‐modified AgNPs substrates. The SERS signals from CT effect were increased two orders of magnitude after growing additional AgNPs. The increase of enhancement for molecules between AgNPs was caused mostly by CT effect. Based on the effect of particle size and distribution of the AgNPs, the EM effect was strongly influenced by the particle size of the AgNPs, while the CT effect was less sensitive to the variation of the morphologies of the AgNPs.
Preparation of Co3O4/graphene Oxide Composites by a Depositing‐decompostion Method and its Application for Electrochemical Determination of Glucose
Authors: Dai Gaopeng , Lu Pan , liang Ying , Lei Yuting 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCo3O4/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a depositing‐decomposition method. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical response of a glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Co3O4/GO nanocomposite towards glucose. Compared with the Co3O4/GCE, the Co3O4/GO/GCE exihibits higher electrocatalytic activity due to the synergistic effects of electrocatalytic ability of Co3O4 and large surface of GO. The Co3O4/GO/GCE was applied for glucose detection in alkaline solution. The linear current response range of glucose on Co3O4/GO/GCE covered the range from 9 × 10−5 to 6.03 × 10−3 M, with a detection limit of 5.2 × 10−7 M (S/N = 3).
On Cui‐Kano's Characterization Problem on Graph Factors
Authors: Lu Hongliang , Wang David G.L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn ‐factor of a graph G is defined to be a spanning subgraph F of G such that each vertex has a degree belonging to the set in F, where . In this article, we investigate ‐factors of graphs by using Lovász's structural descriptions to the degree prescribed subgraph problem. We find some sufficient conditions for the existence of an ‐factor of a graph. In particular, we make progress on the characterization problem for a special family of graphs proposed by Cui and Kano in 1988.
On s‐Hamiltonian Line Graphs
Authors: Lai Hong‐Jian , Shao Yehong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor an integer s ≥ 0, a graph G is s‐hamiltonian if for any vertex subset with |S′| ≤ s, G ‐ S′ is hamiltonian. It is well known that if a graph G is s‐hamiltonian, then G must be (s+2)‐connected. The converse is not true, as there exist arbitrarily highly connected nonhamiltonian graphs. But for line graphs, we prove that when s ≥ 5, a line graph is s‐hamiltonian if and only if it is (s+2)‐connected.
Simulated and projected climate extremes in the Zhujiang River Basin, South China, using the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Menz Christoph , Su Buda , Scholten Thomas 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis study presents a detailed analysis of simulated and projected climate extremes in the Zhujiang River Basin (ZRB). Daily output from the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM (CCLM), driven by the ECHAM5 general circulation model, is used. The hindcast simulation covers the period from 1961 to 2000 while the projection concentrates on the near future period from 2011 to 2050. Spatio‐temporal statistical characteristics are investigated for three temperature and three precipitation indicators. The six simulated annual and monthly indicators are statistically compared with synoptic observations. The analysis is based on daily values of 195 grid points and 192 meteorological stations.The findings are presented and interpreted in terms of the model's capability. Compared to observations, slightly higher values for temperature indicators and slightly lower values for precipitation indicators are simulated. With the resulting good similarities in the spatial variation and trends, we conclude that CCLM is able to satisfyingly reproduce climate extreme for the simulated period. Therefore, our analyses show that CCLM can be used to project climate extremes in the ZRB for the period from 2011 to 2050. The projected changes indicate warmer and wetter conditions in the northern and southern regions, especially in winter and spring. This includes more intense rainfall events, which might potentially increase the risk of flooding in the central parts of the basin in these seasons. Warmer and dryer conditions can be expected in the western and eastern parts of the region, especially in summer and fall. These lower precipitation amounts but warmer temperatures will probably increase the evapotranspiration, which potentially leads to a higher risk of drought. Regarding these findings in climate extremes, adverse consequences in various sectors, such as agriculture, water, and energy should be anticipated.
Altering the rate of glucose release from starch‐based foods by spray‐drying with an extract from barley
Authors: Razzaq Hussam AA , Sutton Kevin H , Motoi Lidia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDHealth outcomes associated with sustained elevated blood glucose may be better managed by limiting glucose availability for uptake. Glucose release from consumed starch may be altered using various methods, but many are not suitable for high‐carbohydrate foods. This study describes an approach to protect starch granules, while generally maintaining their physical characteristics, with an extract from barley using spray‐drying.RESULTSThe use of the extract resulted in the coating of the starch granules with a film‐like material composed of β‐glucans and proteins. This coincided with a reduction in starch digestion and a significant increase in the indigestible (resistant) starch component. Substitution of the starch component in a model snack bar by the coated starch was also associated with lowering starch digestion in the bar.CONCLUSIONThe barley extract provides a physical barrier that may limit the exposure of starch to the digestive enzymes and water, with a consequent reduction in starch digestion and the rate of glucose release. It is possible, therefore, to produce wheat starch with lower digestibility and glucose release rate that may be used as a healthier substitute in high‐carbohydrate foods by coating the granules with polymers extracted from barley cereals through spray‐drying. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Importance of the producer on retail broiler meat product contamination with Campylobacter spp
Authors: Kudirkienė Eglė , Bunevičienė Jurgita , Šernienė Loreta , Ramonaitė Sigita , Olsen John E , Malakauskas Mindaugas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundCampylobacter spp. are a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry meat being considered the most important source of the infection. To obtain data on broiler meat contamination with Campylobacter spp. in Lithuania, the occurrence, counts and genotypes of these pathogens on raw broiler meat products from different producers were examined.ResultsOut of 312 broiler meat product samples examined, 46.8% were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 51.4% and Campylobacter coli in 37.7% of positive samples. Campylobacter jejuni was more frequently found in the warm period (April–October) and C. coli in the cold period (November–March) of the year (P < 0.05). The overall mean count of Campylobacter spp. was 3.55 and 3.50 log10 colony‐forming units (CFU) on wings and drumsticks respectively. The occurrence and counts of Campylobacter spp. varied significantly between producers examined (P < 0.05). Analysis of flaA‐RFLP genotyping revealed C. jejuni genotypes common to all producers as well as producer‐specific genotypes.ConclusionBoth the occurrence and counts of Campylobacter spp. on broiler meat products were producer‐dependent, so this should be kept in mind when risk‐based control measures at national level are applied. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Discrimination of Sri Lankan black teas using fluorescence spectroscopy and linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Seetohul L Nitin , Scott Simon M , O'Hare William T , Ali Zulfiqur , Islam Meez 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of teas is currently graded using trained tea tasters, whose evaluation can sometimes be subjective. In this study the simple fluorescence‐based technique of total luminescence spectroscopy (TLS) in conjunction with data classification using principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to discriminate between teas from 11 different Sri Lankan plantations. Solvent extraction of the tea samples was followed by TLS to record excitation–emission matrices in the excitation range 250–590 nm and emission range 300–700 nm.ResultsThe application of PCA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allowed the successful classification of all 11 teas using only the first two principal components. LDA demonstrated how the technique was able to discriminate between all teas correctly with 100% classification.ConclusionFurther development of this work could lead to a simple device that could be used by tea manufacturers instead of or alongside trained tea tasters to grade teas. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Cytological and physiological basis for tomato varietal resistance against Alternaria alternata
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Shafique Shazia , Shafique Sobiya 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince tomato is an important food component, it is imperative to enhance its yield against the activities of many devastating fungal pathogens such as Alternaria alternata. The exploitation of plant innate resistance by cultivation of resistant varieties is an effective measure in this regard. In the present study, 28 tomato varieties were tested against 32 A. alternata isolates, and representative varieties were further evaluated to determine the extent and basis of their antifungal resistance.RESULTSA significant increase (104.7%) in polyphenols was recorded in the resistant variety Dinaar compared with the susceptible variety Red Tara. Dinaar also exhibited 100% enhancement of alkaloids and terpenoids along with a 30.7% increase in cell wall hemicellulose content. Significant differences were found in physical barriers (cellulose, lignin and pectin) of the representative varieties when stained tissue sections were subjected to colorimetric analysis. Similarly, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase showed increases of 78.37, 114.67 and 125.11% respectively in the resistant variety. Higher expression of glucanase genes was evident from native gel analysis, in which not only the number of isozymes but also the quantity of individual isozymes was significantly increased.CONCLUSIONThe resistant variety Dinaar had strong antifungal resistance and can therefore be recommended as suitable for cultivation in the agricultural system of Pakistan. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Symmetrical lipomatosis of the tongue—A rare cause of macroglossia: Diagnosis, surgical treatment, and literature review
Authors: Vasileiadis Ioannis , Mastorakis Georgios , Ieromonachou Panagiotis , Logothetis Ioannis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSymmetrical lipomatosis of the tongue is an extremely rare condition. To date, only eight cases have been reported in the literature. We present an extremely rare case of intramuscular lipomatosis of the tongue in a 67‐year‐old male. The present case is unique because of its infiltrating nature and the extension of the lesion. Glossectomy was performed to reduce the size of the tongue and for diagnosis. The literature is reviewed and clinical characteristics, pathology, and surgical treatment are discussed. Laryngoscope, 2012
Thermoresponsive Synergistic Hydrogen Bonding Switched by Several Guest Units in a Water‐Soluble Polymer
Authors: Hao Zhenhua , Li Guangxiang , Yang Ke , Cai Yuanli 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThermoresponsive synergistic hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) switched by several guest units in a water‐soluble polymer is reported. Adjusting the distribution of guest units can effectively change the synergistic H‐bonding inside polymer chains, thus widely switch the preorganization and thermoresponsive behavior of a water‐soluble polymer. The synergistic H‐bonding is also evidenced by converting less polar aldehyde groups into water‐soluble oxime groups, which bring about the lowering‐down of cloud point and an amplified hysteresis effect. This is a general approach toward the wide tunability of thermosensitivity of a water‐soluble polymer simply by adjusting the distribution of several guest H‐bonding units.
Meilensteine in der modernen Massenspektrometrie
Authors: Zenobi Renato 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIonisationsmethoden wie MALDI und ESI sowie die ambienten Ionisationsmethoden haben die Massenspektrometrie für Anwendungen in Biochemie und Medizin geöffnet. Große Biomoleküle lassen sich heute in ihrer ursprünglichen Form charakterisieren, bildgebende Verfahren wurden entwickelt, und ambiente Ionisation erfordert kaum noch Probenvorbereitung.
Als Chemiker in einem chinesischen Unternehmen
Authors: Pflug Kai , Pask Stephen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChemiemanager, die in chinesischen Unternehmen arbeiten, machen sehr unterschiedliche Erfahrungen. Sie müssen sich nicht nur in einer fremden Alltagskultur zurechtfinden. Sie stoßen auch an Hürden, wenn sie innerhalb chinesischer Hierarchien westlichen Arbeits‐ und Führungsstil durchsetzen wollen.
Early changes of abdominal adiposity detected with weekly dual bioelectrical impedance analysis during calorie restriction
Authors: Ida Midori , Hirata Masakazu , Odori Shinji , Mori Eisaku , Kondo Eri , Fujikura Junji , Kusakabe Toru , Ebihara Ken , Hosoda Kiminori , Nakao Kazuwa 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo elucidate early change of intra‐abdominal fat in response to calorie restriction in patients with obesity by weekly evaluation using a dual bioelectrical impedance analysis (Dual BIA) instrument.MethodsFor 67 Japanese patients with obesity, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome, intra‐abdominal fat area (IAFA), initially with both Dual BIA and computed tomography (CT), and in subsequent weeks of calorie restriction, with Dual BIA were measured.ResultsIAFA by Dual BIA (Dual BIA‐IAFA) correlated well with IAFA by CT (CT‐IAFA) in obese patients (r = 0.821, P < .0001, n = 67). Ten males and 9 females (age 49.0 ± 14.4 years, BMI 33.2 ± 7.3 kg/m2) lost more than 5% of baseline body weight (BW) in 3 weeks, and their Dual BIA‐IAFA, BW, and WC decreased by 18.9%, 5.3%, and 3.8%, respectively (P < .05, ANCOVA).ConclusionDual BIA instrument could detect the weekly change of Dual BIA‐IAFA under calorie restriction in obese patients and demonstrated a substantially larger change of IAFA compared with changes of BW and WC in early weeks. This observation corroborates the significance of evaluating IAFA as a biomarker for obesity, and indicates the clinical usefulness of the Dual BIA instrument.
A genome wide association study of plasma uric acid levels in obese cases and never‐overweight controls
Authors: Li Wei‐Dong , Jiao Hongxiao , Wang Kai , Zhang Clarence K. , Glessner Joseph T. , Grant Struan F.A. , Zhao Hongyu , Hakonarson Hakon , Arlen Price R. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo identify plasma uric acid‐related genes in extremely obese and normal weight individuals using genome‐wide association studies (GWASs).Design and MethodsUsing genotypes from a GWAS focusing on obesity and thinness, quantitative trait association analyses (PLINK) for plasma uric acid levels in 1,060 extremely obese individuals (BMI > 35 kg/m2) and normal‐weight controls (BMI < 25kg/m2) were performed. In 961 samples with uric acid data, 924 were females.ResultsSignificant associations were found in SLC2A9 gene SNPs and plasma uric acid levels (rs6449213, P = 3.15 × 10–12). DIP2C gene SNP rs877282 also reached genome‐wide significance (P = 4.56 × 10–8). Weaker associations (P < 1× 10–5) were found in F5, PXDNL, FRAS1, LCORL, and MICAL2 genes. Besides SLC2A9, three previously identified uric acid‐related genes ABCG2 (rs2622605, P= 0.0026), SLC17A1 (rs3799344, P = 0.0017), and RREB1 (rs1615495, P = 0.00055) received marginal support in our study.ConclusionsTwo genes/chromosome regions reached genome‐wide association significance (P < 1 × 10–7, 550K SNPs) in our GWAS: SLC2A9, the chromosome 2 60.1 Mb region (rs6723995), and the DIP2C gene region. Five other genes (F5, PXDNL, FRAS1, LCORL, and MICAL2) yielded P < 1 × 10–5. Four previous reported associations were replicated in our study, including SLC2A9, ABCG2, RREB, and SLC17A1.
Pre‐tumour clones, periodic selection and clonal interference in the origin and progression of gastrointestinal cancer: potential for biomarker development
Authors: Baker Ann‐Marie , Graham Trevor A , Wright Nicholas A 
Published: January 2013

AbstractClassically, the risk of cancer progression in premalignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is assessed by examining the degree of histological dysplasia. However, there are many putative pro‐cancer genetic changes that have occurred in histologically normal tissue well before the onset of dysplasia. Here we summarize the evidence for such pre‐tumour clones and the existing technology that can be used to locate these clones and characterize them at the genetic level. We also discuss the mechanisms by which pre‐tumour clones may spread through large areas of normal tissue, and highlight emerging theories on how multiple clones compete and interact within the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is important to gain an understanding of these processes, as it is envisaged that certain pre‐tumour changes may be powerful predictive markers, with the potential to identify patients at high risk of developing cancer at a much earlier stage.
Alterations in Wnt–β‐catenin and Pten signalling play distinct roles in endometrial cancer initiation and progression
Authors: van der Zee Marten , Jia Yundan , Wang Yongyi , Heijmans‐Antonissen Claudia , Ewing Patricia C , Franken Patrick , DeMayo Francesco J , Lydon John P , Burger Curt W , Fodde Riccardo , Blok Leen J 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEndometrioid endometrial cancer arises through a gradual series of histological changes, each accompanied by specific alterations in gene expression and activity. Activation of the Wnt–β‐catenin pathway and loss of PTEN activity are frequently observed in endometrial cancers. However, the specific roles played by alterations in these pathways in the initiation and progression of endometrial cancer are currently unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of loss of Pten and Apc gene function in the mouse endometrium by employing tissue‐specific and inducible mutant alleles, followed by immunohistochemical (IHC) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of their corresponding cancerous lesions. Loss of the Apc function in the endometrium leads to cytoplasmic and nuclear β‐catenin accumulation in association with uterine hyperplasia and squamous cell metaplasia, but without malignant transformation. Loss of Pten function also resulted in squamous metaplasia but, in contrast to loss of Apc function, it initiates endometrial cancer. On the other hand, loss of Apc function in the endometrium accelerates Pten‐driven endometrial tumourigenesis. Analysis of compound heterozygous mice confirmed that somatic loss of the wild‐type Pten allele represents the rate‐limiting initiation step in endometrial cancer. Simultaneous loss of Pten and Apc resulted in endometrial cancer characterized by earlier onset and a more aggressive malignant behaviour. These observations are indicative of the synergistic action between the Wnt–β‐catenin and Pten signalling pathways in endometrial cancer onset and progression. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of styrene conversion in organic/inorganic hybrid materials by using malononitrile in controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Vergnat Virginie , Pourroy Geneviève , Masson Patrick 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA ‘grafting from’ method has been used to fabricate polystyrene/iron‐based oxide materials. The styrene conversion is considerably low when initiator‐modified iron‐based oxides are used. We demonstrate that malononitrile in catalytic amounts strongly enhances the monomer conversion. The hybrid materials are fabricated using a two‐step process. First, an atom transfer radical polymerization initiator molecule containing a phosphonic acid group (2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionic acid 11‐phosphonoundecyl ester) is covalently immobilized onto the surface of CoFe2O4 and α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles. In the second step, the polymerization of styrene is performed at the particle surface with and without the addition of malononitrile. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and size exclusion chromatography are used to characterize the metal oxide, the initiator molecule grafted onto the metal oxide, the hybrid material and the polymer chains.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Passivation of n‐type emitter and p‐type base in solar cells via oxygen terminated silicon nanoparticles
Authors: Patil Sumati , Cherukupalli Rajesh , Pramod Mulbagal R. , More Shahaji , Mahamuni Shailaja , Jadkar Sandesh R. , Dusane Rajiv O. , Dharmadhikari Chandrakant V. , Ghaisas Subhash V. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTVarious measurements and experiments are performed to establish the mechanism of passivation on emitter and base of conventionally manufactured solar cell with p‐type base. The surface coatings on the emitter are removed. The bare surface is then coated with silicon (Si) nanoparticles (NPs) with oxygen termination. It shows an increase in the cell efficiency up to 14% over bare surface of solar cell. The NPs show enhancement in light scattering from the surface, but shows an increase in the recombination lifetime indicating an improved passivation. When back contact is partially removed, the coating on bare back side ( p‐type) of the solar cell also improves the cell efficiency. This is also attributable to the increased recombination lifetime from the measurements. Same NPs are seen to degrade the surface of n and p‐type Si wafers. This apparently contradictory behaviour is explained by studying and comparing the emitter (n‐type) surface of the solar cell with that of n‐type Si wafer and the back surface ( p‐type) with that of p‐type Si wafer. The emitter surface is distinctly different from the n‐type wafer because of the shallow p–n junction causing the surface depletion. Back surface has aluminium (Al) metal trace, which plays an important role in forming complexes with the oxygen‐terminated Si NPs (Si–O NPs). With these studies, it is observed that increase in the efficiency can potentially reduce the thermal budget in solar cell preparation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.