bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Shock Breakout and Early Circumstellar Interaction in SN 2024ggi
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Bostroem K. Azalee , Sand David J. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Andrews Jennifer E. , Dong 董 Yize 一泽 , Hoang Emily , Janzen Daryl , Pearson Jeniveve , Jencson Jacob E. , Lundquist M. J. , Mehta Darshana , Ravi Aravind P. , Meza Retamal Nicolás , Valenti Stefano , Brown Peter J. , Jha Saurabh W. , Macrie Colin , Hsu Brian , Farah Joseph , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , Newsome Megan , Padilla Gonzalez Estefania , Pellegrino Craig , Terreran Giacomo , Kwok Lindsey , Smith Nathan , Schwab Michaela , Martas Aidan , Munoz Ricardo R. , Medina Gustavo E. , Li Ting S. , Diaz Paula , Hiramatsu Daichi , Tucker Brad E. , Wheeler J. C. , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhai Qian , Zhang Jujia , Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Yang Yi , Gutiérrez Claudia P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present high-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations of supernova (SN) 2024ggi, a Type II SN with flash spectroscopy features, which exploded in the nearby galaxy NGC 3621 at ∼7 Mpc. The light-curve evolution over the first 30 hr can be fit by two power-law indices with a break after 22 hr, rising from M

V
≈ −12.95 mag at +0.66 day to M

V
≈ −17.91 mag after 7 days. In addition, the densely sampled color curve shows a strong blueward evolution over the first few days and then behaves as a normal SN II with a redward evolution as the ejecta cool. Such deviations could be due to interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). Early high- and low-resolution spectra clearly show high-ionization flash features from the first spectrum to +3.42 days after the explosion. From the high-resolution spectra, we calculate the CSM velocity to be 37 ± 4 km s−1. We also see the line strength evolve rapidly from 1.22 to 1.49 days in the earliest high-resolution spectra. Comparison of the low-resolution spectra with CMFGEN models suggests that the pre-explosion mass-loss rate of SN 2024ggi falls in the range of 10−3–10−2
M
☉ yr−1, which is similar to that derived for SN 2023ixf. However, the rapid temporal evolution of the narrow lines in the spectra of SN 2024ggi (R
CSM ∼ 2.7 × 1014 cm) could indicate a smaller spatial extent of the CSM than in SN 2023ixf (R
CSM ∼ 5.4 × 1014 cm), which in turn implies a lower total CSM mass for SN 2024ggi.
Behçet’s disease and COVID-19, retrospective analysis
Authors: Elmohsen Mai Nasser Abd , Abouaggour Amr Khaled Mohamed , Youssef Maha Mohamed , Aboulfotouh Mohammad Refaat 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences on the clinical condition of patients with Behçet’s uveitis and compare this with the pre-pandemic state.

Patients and methods
This retrospective observational study included patients with Behçet’s uveitis who had adequate follow-up before the pandemic (three visits before March 2020) and during the pandemic (two visits between March 2020 and September 2021). We compared uveitis activity, complication rates, and treatment changes during the pandemic with their preCOVID data. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were contacted by phone to confirm previous COVID-19 exposure and vaccination status.

Results
The study included 59 eyes of 30 patients with Behçet’s uveitis. There was a statistically significant difference between the preCOVID and COVID eras with respect to visual acuity, with median values changed from 1.033 to 1.3 (P=0.003). There was an increase in secondary glaucoma (16.9% to 30.5%, P=0.039), with a corresponding increase in antiglaucoma topical eye drops (20.3–35.6%) (P=0.012). The use of subtenon injections and systemic steroids decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.687 and P=0.481, respectively). However, the average steroid dose and the number of subtenon injections per patient showed a statistically significant decrease during the pandemic (20 and 26.7 mg per day, respectively) compared to the preCOVID era (0 and 1 injection per patient) (P=0.007 and 0.027, respectively).

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic did not result in increased uveitis activity, but a decrease in follow-up frequency led to more complications, mainly secondary glaucoma.
Challenges and difficulties in diagnosis of normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Metwally Islam M. , Bahgat Mostafa M. , El-Shahed Ahmed F. 
Published: August 2024

Aim
The aim of this study is to clinically investigate the challenges and pitfalls of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) diagnostic methods by ophthalmic clinical and investigative examinations.

Setting
This study was conducted at Al-Agouza Police Authority Hospital and Badr University Hospital.

Methods
A cross-sectional comparative study between the diagnosis of normal nonglaucoma patients and NTG. It included 40 normal nonglaucoma patients’ eyes as controls and 40 NTG patients’ eyes who met inclusion criteria. They were assessed by a complete ophthalmic exam., visual field (VF), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) variables between January 2022 and September 2022.

Results
The median age of the control group was 38 years old, while that of glaucomatous patients was 41 years old. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) for the normal group was 15.53 mmHg (±1.935), while that for the glaucomatous group was 16.85 mmHg (±1.703). The intraocular pressure was considerably higher in the NTG group compared with the control (P = 0.0017).
The mean deviation (MD) in dB of VF loss was considerably higher in the NTG group compared with the control (P = 0.0001). Also, the mean standard deviation (MSD) was considerably varied between the two groups (P < 0.0001).
The average Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) in the NTG group, with a mean of 72.3

JOURNAL/jeos/04.03/01735167-202316030-00002/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-27T140929Z/r/image-jpeg

(±10.239) was significantly lower than in the control group with a mean of 102.025

JOURNAL/jeos/04.03/01735167-202316030-00002/inline-graphic2/v/2023-09-27T140929Z/r/image-jpeg

(±7.454), P = 0.0001.
Optic Disc Parameters: The Cup Area (mm2) was significantly wider in the NTG group with a mean of 1.62 (±0.476) than in the control with a mean of 1.297 (±0.44), P = 0.0024. Also, the Rim Area was significantly smaller in the NTG group with a mean of 0.614 (±0.342) than in the control with a mean of 1.135 (±0.319), P = 0.0024. The Cup/disc ratio was significantly larger in the NTG group than in the control group (P < 0.0001).
The average Ganglion cell complex (GCC) was considerably thinner in the NTG patients in comparison to the controls (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion
The effects of NTG on VF and optic nerve seems to be more intensive. More focal notches and disc hemorrhage were noted in NTG. In the NTG group, the Cup Area was potentially wider, the rim area was significantly thinner, and the Cup/disc ratio was significantly larger.
Evaluation of corneal topography and higher order aberrations of the fellow eye in unilateral keratoconus
Authors: El Morsy Mahmoud Mohamed Attia , El Dein Galal Mohamed Ezz , Ghanem Assad Ahmed Ibrahiem , Omar Ismail Ahmed Naguib , Elhiny Rasha Safwat 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To assess parameters of corneal topography and higher order aberrations (HOAs) data in the apparently normal contralateral eyes of unilateral keratoconus (KC) cases in comparison with normal eyes of healthy individuals.

Patients and methods
This observational case-control study included 70 eyes divided into two equal groups; group A was the fellow eyes of unilateral keratoconus patients and group B included the normal control eyes. They were examined by Schimpflug camera to extract the study parameters (keratometry indices, the inferior-superior(I-S) difference at 4 mm, posterior elevation (PE), front and back difference, thickness progression index, corneal pachymetry, multimetric D index (D index), topometric indices and Zernike analysis).

Results
In comparing the study data between Groups A and B, we demonstrated that ISV, IVA, and CKI had no difference between the two groups. But other topometric parameters showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Assessment of corneal aberrations revealed that the RMS HOA, vertical coma, and spherical aberrations were associated with significant increases in the apparently normal eyes of unilateral KC cases in comparison with healthy individual eyes (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Fellow eyes of unilateral KC cases seem not to be totally normal. And so, it is recommended to regularly examine these eyes at close intervals to catch up any abnormality and to avoid KC progression.
Courses of uveal manifestations following surgical treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis in adults: Observation study
Authors: Al-Naimy Mohammed A. , Habeeb Tamer A.A.M. , Deiaeldin Yasmine A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the course of uveal manifestations in a cohort of patients who underwent surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC), highlighting the diverse spectrum of associated eye disorders and alerting clinicians of their significance.

Patients and methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted on 40 UC patients with ocular manifestations who underwent one-stage laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy according to the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) guidelines. Ophthalmic examinations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively during the 6-month follow-up period. Anterior uveitis attacks were graded based on the presence of cells or flares, vitreous haze indicates intermediate uveitis while posterior uveitis was indicated by retinitis or choroiditis, or both. Recurrence was a Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) grading system score greater than or equal to 2+ for anterior chamber cells or vitreous haze.

Results
Postoperatively, uveitis regression was observed in ∼60% of the patients, 25% showed a stationary course, and 15% exhibited progression. After surgery, more patients had lower Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature grades for anterior chamber cells, flares, and vitreous haze than at baseline.

Conclusion
Ulcerative colitis can manifest with various ophthalmic manifestations ranging from nonspecific to severe, affecting visual prognosis or remaining asymptomatic. In our study most patients who underwent colonic surgery got benefits in the form of not only decreasing the severity of disease activity but also a decrease in the recurrence rate postsurgical.
Role of epithelial mapping in the differentiation between early keratoconus and high regular astigmatism using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Abdelfadeel Sameh M. , Khalil Noha M. , Khazbak Lobna M. , Sidky Mohamed Karim 
Published: August 2024

Pur6pose
To detect epithelial thickness-based diagnostic variables to detect early keratoconus (KC) and differentiate cases of early KC from high regular astigmatism, especially if abnormal topographic changes are present.

Patients and methods
A total of 84 eyes with high regular astigmatism on Scheimpflug imaging were evaluated by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Imaging of the cornea as well as pachymetry and epithelial thickness mapping was done using AS-OCT via a special lens mounted to a tomographic device. The same was done using Scheimpflug imaging (CSO Sirius device). Thickness of the corneal epithelium was automatically mapped using a computer algorithm. Calculations of the following diagnostic factors were recorded: minimum, superior–inferior, minimum–maximum, root-mean-square variation, root-mean-square pattern deviation, and thickness of the zonal epithelium.

Results
This study analyzed 84 eyes divided into two groups: group A (n=56 eyes) had high regular astigmatism and group B (n=28 eyes) with early KC. The mean spherical refraction, cylindrical refraction, and central corneal thickness (Scheimpflug imaging) for group A were −1.16±1.02 D, −3.67±0.67, and 542.88±29.64 μm, respectively. In group A, the mean central corneal thickness and central epithelial thickness was 538.84±29.67 and 52.34±1.69 μm, respectively. The mean spherical refraction, cylindrical refraction, central corneal, and epithelial thickness mean for group B were −1.75±0.87, −4.02±0.69 D, 505.36±28.48, and 49.93±0.9 μm, respectively. A significant correlation between central epithelial thickness with anterior elevation was noted in group B (P=0.048).

Conclusion
AS-OCT epithelial mapping may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool for determining early development of KC.
Hospital-based study of causative organisms and clinical picture of orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis
Authors: Shokier Gihan M. , Rabiea Sara A. , Soliman Mahmoud M. , EL Batawi Ahmed M. , Ahmed Rana , Bahgat Nermeen M. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the behavior of orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis and the detection of the causative organisms in patients presenting to Cairo University Hospitals.

Patients and methods
This was a cohort study in which 43 cases diagnosed with orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis were admitted to hospital and were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent thorough ophthalmological examinations, ENT consultations, and systemic assessments. Coronal and axial computed tomography scans of orbit, paranasal sinuses, and brain were done for all patients. Some patients had specimen sent for culture and sensitivity from the drained pus either from sinuses or lid abscesses.

Results
A total of 43 cases were involved in this study. The mean age was 23.93±19.38 years. Seven patients had systemic medical disorders. Six patients were diabetic. All patients received antimicrobial treatment, with seven (16.2%) patients needing addition of antifungal treatment and seven (16.2%) patients needing addition of steroids. A total of 20 (46.5%) patients needed surgical intervention. From these patients who had a specimen sent for culture and sensitivity, five (11.6%) had bacterial infections, seven (16.3%) had fungal infections, and eight (18.6%) showed no growth. A total of 39 (90.7%) patients responded clinically to treatment and four patients had recurrence within 6 months.

Conclusion
Bacterial infection was the commonest cause of orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis in the current study. Diabetes mellitus was a predisposing factor to fungal infection, which had a poor prognosis, in which visual acuity reached no light perception.
Comparative study of diathermy assisted probing and intubation versus standard probing and intubation in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Elessawy Kareem B. , Gawdat Tamer I. , Ibrahim Mohamed A. H. , Elbaky Sameh H. A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To compare the efficacy of diathermy-assisted probing and intubation to standard probing and intubation in children more than 2 years.

Methods
A prospective comparative randomized clinical study conducted from April 2019 to April 2020. Follow-up visits at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6-month. This study included 160 eyes of 104 children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Children were divided into two groups; group I included 80 eyes of 50 children who underwent probing with a metal probe followed by intubation, and group II included 80 eyes of 54 children who underwent probing, diathermy, followed by intubation to assess the efficiency and success rate of endodiathermy probe followed by intubation in children.

Results
After 1 week and 1 month, both techniques were comparable as regards the MUNK score (P value = 0.11 for each). However, after 3 and 6 months, there was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the MUNK score (P-value=0.01 for each). Fluorescein disappearance test (FDT) results with a success rate were higher in group II than in group I (90% vs. 77.5%, P value = 0.03*). We removed 5 tubes early in group I and 3 tubes early in group II due to early tube extrusion or chess wiring.

Conclusions
The newly introduced diathermy-assisted probing and intubation could be considered as an alternative method to treat congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The success rate is higher when compared with the standard method of intubation.
Evaluation of the role of optical coherence tomography angiography in monitoring treatment response in patients with neovascular age-;1;related macular degeneration
Authors: Makled Hebatalla S. , Sahban Ahmad A. , Khattab Ayman M. , Nossair Ashraf A. 
Published: August 2024

Aim
The aim was to assess the role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the diagnosis, assessment of activity, and monitoring the treatment response of choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods
Prospective, interventional case series of eyes that were diagnosed with active neovascular AMD. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCTA were done at baseline after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment to determine OCTA sensitivity in the detection of activity in relation to SD-OCT findings and its specificity following intervention.

Results
Twenty-five eyes were included, of which 20 eyes were imaged successfully by OCTA. The diagnostic sensitivity of OCTA in those eyes was found to be 75%, and its sensitivity in the assessment of neovascular activity was 80 and 60%, before and after anti-VEGF therapy, respectively, whereas its specificity after anti-VEGFs therapy was 100%.

Conclusion
Although SD-OCT continues to be the gold-standard for noninvasively diagnosing and tracking neovascular AMD treatment response, OCTA may offer a noninvasive option that can support treatment selection throughout follow-up and guide efficient therapeutic approaches.

Author contributions:
All authors contributed to the construction of idea and question of the research with complete assessment and managements of all the study group. Hebatalla S. Makled: Assessment of the patients with follow-up, doing OCTA for the patients with interpretation, data collection and analysis, and manuscript writing and revision. Ahmad Almabrook Sahban: recruitment of patients with consent acquisition, doing OCTA for the patients, treatment with follow-up of the patients, collection and analysis of data, and manuscript writing. Ayman M Khattab: Patients assessment, decision making and follow-up of patients treatment, OCTA interpretation, collection and analysis of data, and manuscript writing and revision. Ashraf Ahmed Nossair: Patients assessment with follow-up, OCTA interpretation, data collection and analysis, and manuscript writing and revision.
Comparative evaluation of physical properties of resin and calcium silicate-based root canal sealers
Authors: Khullar Lochan , Purayil Tina Puthen , Ginjupalli Kishore , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Muliya Vidya-Saraswathi , Shenoy Neetha Goverdhan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the flow, solubility, and pH of AH Plus sealer, Bio-C Sealer, and Cerafill RCS.

Methods:
The selected sealer materials were mixed according to instructions of the manufacturers under aseptic conditions. For flow and solubility, the recommendations of ISO 6876/2012 and ANSI/ADA 2000 standards were followed (n = 10). Additionally, pH changes during the setting of selected sealers (n = 10) were measured at regular intervals of time using a digital pH meter. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test with post hoc Dunn’s test.

Results:
The flow of Bio-C Sealer was significantly higher than Cerafill RCS (P < 0.05). Among the sealers, Bio-C Sealer exhibited the highest solubility, whereas AH Plus exhibited the least solubility. Calcium silicate-based sealers showed higher pH than resin-based sealer.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study indicate that resin-based sealer and calcium silicate-based sealers have acceptable flow, whereas calcium silicate sealers exhibited high solubility and an alkaline pH.
A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of smear layer removal efficacy of three different chelating agents using scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Singh Gyanendra Pratap , Attavar Shruthi H. , Kavuri Sivaji 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The main goal of the present experimental research was to analyze the smear layer removal efficacy of chelating agents and correlate with the amount of calcium released from the radicular dentin with the canal space.

Methods:
Forty single-rooted teeth were exposed to standardized root canal instrumentation technique with copious amount of irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution between each instrumentation, following which the specimens were randomly allocated into four groups: Group I: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Group II: 0.2% Chitosan, Group III: Qmix™, and Group IV: Control group with no final irrigation. After the irrigation protocol, the specimens were subjected to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation to determine the smear layer removal efficacy and induced plasma mass spectrophotometric analysis was done to quantify the amount of calcium ions content in the irrigating solution. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunnett’s tests for smear layer removal analysis. Quantitative data were interpreted by the analysis of variance and Tukey’s-Karmer test for the spectroscopic data analysis.

Results:
The result of the SEM analysis showed that there was no significant difference among the smear layer removal efficacy between the experimental groups with P > 0.05. The quantitative spectrophotometric data showed that the highest calcium ions release was from the 17% EDTA group followed by 0.2% chitosan and lesser from the Qmix™ group.

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of this in vitro experimental research, all the three experimental groups showed a better smear layer removal efficacy. EDTA showed the greater amount of mineral release compared to Qmix™ and chitosan group.