bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme temperatures, foundation species, and abrupt ecosystem change: an example from an iconic seagrass ecosystem
Authors: Thomson Jordan A. , Burkholder Derek A. , Heithaus Michael R. , Fourqurean James W. , Fraser Matthew W. , Statton John , Kendrick Gary A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractExtreme climatic events can trigger abrupt and often lasting change in ecosystems via the reduction or elimination of foundation (i.e., habitat‐forming) species. However, while the frequency/intensity of extreme events is predicted to increase under climate change, the impact of these events on many foundation species and the ecosystems they support remains poorly understood. Here, we use the iconic seagrass meadows of Shark Bay, Western Australia – a relatively pristine subtropical embayment whose dominant, canopy‐forming seagrass, Amphibolis antarctica, is a temperate species growing near its low‐latitude range limit – as a model system to investigate the impacts of extreme temperatures on ecosystems supported by thermally sensitive foundation species in a changing climate. Following an unprecedented marine heat wave in late summer 2010/11, A. antarctica experienced catastrophic (>90%) dieback in several regions of Shark Bay. Animal‐borne video footage taken from the perspective of resident, seagrass‐associated megafauna (sea turtles) revealed severe habitat degradation after the event compared with a decade earlier. This reduction in habitat quality corresponded with a decline in the health status of largely herbivorous green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the 2 years following the heat wave, providing evidence of long‐term, community‐level impacts of the event. Based on these findings, and similar examples from diverse ecosystems, we argue that a generalized framework for assessing the vulnerability of ecosystems to abrupt change associated with the loss of foundation species is needed to accurately predict ecosystem trajectories in a changing climate. This includes seagrass meadows, which have received relatively little attention in this context. Novel research and monitoring methods, such as the analysis of habitat and environmental data from animal‐borne video and data‐logging systems, can make an important contribution to this framework.
Rationale and Design of FIRE AND ICE: A Multicenter Randomized Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using a Cryoballoon versus Radiofrequency Ablation with 3D‐Reconstruction
Authors: FÜRNKRANZ ALEXANDER , BRUGADA JOSEP , ALBENQUE JEAN‐PAUL , TONDO CLAUDIO , BESTEHORN KURT , WEGSCHEIDER KARL , OUYANG FEIFAN , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ 
Published: August 2014

Rationale and Design of Fire and IceBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia imposing substantial morbidity and mortality. Catheter‐based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using radiofrequency current (RFC) has become a standard treatment for drug‐resistant and symptomatic paroxysmal AF (PAF). In recent years, the cryoballoon‐based technique is increasingly used as a promising alternative with a short learning curve.MethodsThe FIRE AND ICE trial is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open, blinded outcome assessment, noninferiority trial comparing cryoballoon‐, and RFC‐based PVI. Patients with drug‐resistant PAF will be randomized in a 1:1 matrix in multiple European centers. The primary hypothesis is that cryoballoon ablation is not inferior to RFC ablation using 3‐dimensional mapping with respect to clinical efficacy. The primary endpoint is defined as the time to first documented clinical failure, including: (1) recurrence of AF; (2) atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia; (3) prescription of class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs; or (4) re‐ablation, whichever comes first, following a blanking period of 3 months after the index ablation procedure. The primary safety endpoint is a composite of death, stroke/transient ischemic attack, cardiac arrhythmias (apart from AF recurrence) causally related to the therapeutic intervention, and procedure‐related serious adverse events.ConclusionThe FIRE AND ICE trial compares 2 different technologies to perform catheter ablation of PAF with respect to efficacy and safety. It aims at providing objective data to guide selection and usage of ablation catheters in the treatment of AF.
Insecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood
Authors: Moutsiana Christina , Johnstone Tom , Murray Lynne , Fearon Pasco , Cooper Peter J. , Pliatsikas Christos , Goodyer Ian , Halligan Sarah L. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe quality of the early environment is hypothesized to be an influence on morphological development in key neural areas related to affective responding, but direct evidence to support this possibility is limited. In a 22‐year longitudinal study, we examined hippocampal and amygdala volumes in adulthood in relation to early infant attachment status, an important indicator of the quality of the early caregiving environment.MethodsParticipants (N = 59) were derived from a prospective longitudinal study of the impact of maternal postnatal depression on child development. Infant attachment status (35 Secure; 24 Insecure) was observed at 18 months of age, and MRI assessments were completed at 22 years.ResultsIn line with hypotheses, insecure versus secure infant attachment status was associated with larger amygdala volumes in young adults, an effect that was not accounted for by maternal depression history. We did not find early infant attachment status to predict hippocampal volumes.ConclusionsCommon variations in the quality of early environment are associated with gross alterations in amygdala morphology in the adult brain. Further research is required to establish the neural changes that underpin the volumetric differences reported here, and any functional implications.
Morphology and Phylogeny of Two Species of Loxodes (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with Description of a New Subspecies, Loxodes striatus orientalis subsp. n.
Authors: Xu Yuan , Pan Hongbo , Miao Miao , Hu Xiaozhong , Al‐Farraj Saleh A. , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Song Weibo 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe morphology and phylogeny of Loxodes vorax and L. striatus orientalis subsp. n. were investigated based on infraciliature and small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence data. Loxodes striatus orientalis subsp. n. was separated from L. striatus striatus stat. n. by having fewer dikinetids in the intrabuccal kinety (35–55 vs. 50–70) and a variable number of macronuclei (2–4 vs. 2). In addition, the SSU rRNA gene sequence of the new subspecies differs in 13 and 11 nucleotides from that of two populations of the nominotypic subspecies. We also summarized the morphological differences between Loxodes and Remanella based on the data available. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genus Loxodes was monophyletic and nested within Remanella species. This study might, therefore, support the hypothesis that the freshwater genus Loxodes evolved from the marine genus Remanella.
Final reports of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination
Authors: Westphal Andrew J. , Bechtel Hans A. , Brenker Frank E. , Butterworth Anna L. , Flynn George , Frank David R. , Gainsforth Zack , Hillier Jon K. , Postberg Frank , Simionovici Alexandre S. , Sterken Veerle J. , Stroud Rhonda M. , Allen Carlton , Anderson David , Ansari Asna , Bajt Saša , Bastien Ron K. , Bassim Nabil , Borg Janet , Bridges John , Brownlee Donald E. , Burchell Mark , Burghammer Manfred , Changela Hitesh , Cloetens Peter , Davis Andrew M. , Doll Ryan , Floss Christine , Grün Eberhard , Heck Philipp R. , Hoppe Peter , Hudson Bruce , Huth Joachim , Hvide Brit , Kearsley Anton , King Ashley J. , Lai Barry , Leitner Jan , Lemelle Laurence , Leroux Hugues , Leonard Ariel , Lettieri Robert , Marchant William , Nittler Larry R. , Ogliore Ryan , Ong Wei Ja , Price Mark C. , Sandford Scott A. , Tresseras Juan‐Angel Sans , Schmitz Sylvia , Schoonjans Tom , Silversmit Geert , Solé Vicente A. , Srama Ralf , Stadermann Frank , Stephan Thomas , Stodolna Julien , Sutton Steven , Trieloff Mario , Tsou Peter , Tsuchiyama Akira , Tyliszczak Tolek , Vekemans Bart , Vincze Laszlo , Von Korff Joshua , Wordsworth Naomi , Zevin Daniel , Zolensky Michael E. ,   >30,000 Stardust@home dusters
Published: August 2014

AbstractWith the discovery of bona fide extraterrestrial materials in the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector, NASA now has a fundamentally new returned sample collection, after the Apollo, Antarctic meteorite, Cosmic Dust, Genesis, Stardust Cometary, Hayabusa, and Exposed Space Hardware samples. Here, and in companion papers in this volume, we present the results from the Preliminary Examination of this collection, the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination (ISPE). We found extraterrestrial materials in two tracks in aerogel whose trajectories and morphology are consistent with an origin in the interstellar dust stream, and in residues in four impacts in the aluminum foil collectors. While the preponderance of evidence, described in detail in companion papers in this volume, points toward an interstellar origin for some of these particles, alternative origins have not yet been eliminated, and definitive tests through isotopic analyses were not allowed under the terms of the ISPE. In this summary, we answer the central questions of the ISPE: How many tracks in the collector are consistent in their morphology and trajectory with interstellar particles? How many of these potential tracks are consistent with real interstellar particles, based on chemical analysis? Conversely, what fraction of candidates are consistent with either a secondary or interplanetary origin? What is the mass distribution of these particles, and what is their state? Are they particulate or diffuse? Is there any crystalline material? How many detectable impact craters (>100 nm) are there in the foils, and what is their size distribution? How many of these craters have analyzable residue that is consistent with extraterrestrial material? And finally, can craters from secondaries be recognized through crater morphology (e.g., ellipticity)?
Food avoidance in children with adverse food reactions: Influence of anxiety and clinical parameters
Authors: Le Thuy‐My , Zijlstra Wieneke T. , van Opstal Eveline Y. , Knol Mirjam J. , L'Hoir Monique P. , Knulst André C. , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundMany children in the general population avoid food because of self‐reported adverse food reactions (AFR). Food avoidance can have negative consequences for well‐being and nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate which factors are related to avoidance behavior in children (10–13 yr old) from the general population.MethodsQuestionnaires for both mother and child were sent to participants from the Europrevall study: 164 children with self‐reported AFR and 170 children without AFRs. Spielberger state anxiety and trait anxiety and clinical parameters, such as severity of the adverse reaction, specific IgE and doctor's diagnosis, were compared between those who have (had) AFR and avoid food (i.e., avoiders) and those who have (had) AFR(s) and do not avoid food (anymore; i.e., non‐avoiders).ResultsIn total, 59% of the children with AFRs avoided food, of whom 26% had positive specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). Child's state anxiety about an AFR was higher in avoiders than in non‐avoiders, (p < 0.001), whereas child's trait anxiety and maternal state anxiety and trait anxiety were comparable in both groups. Avoiders reported more often severe symptoms (i.e., generalized urticaria, respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms) than non‐avoiders, (p = 0.03). Food avoidance was not associated with doctor's diagnosis of food allergy or doctor's advice to avoid food (p = 1.00).ConclusionFood avoidance is related to child's state anxiety about an adverse food reaction. Food avoidance seems to be independent of a doctor's diagnosis of food allergy and advice on food avoidance.
Natural killer cell activity and frequency of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors in children with different forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Zhou Juan , Tang Xuemei , Ding Yuan , An Yunfei , Zhao Xiaodong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has three major onset types with widely varying clinical features: systemic, polyarticular and pauciarticular. We assessed natural killer (NK) cell function and killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genotypes in patients with different JIA subtypes.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from 72 children with active JIA (systemic, 25; polyarticular, 24; pauciarticular, 23) and 25 controls were used for flow cytometric assessments of NK cell count, cytotoxicity, perforin, granzyme B, interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Samples from 220 children with JIA (systemic, 84; polyarticular, 72; pauciarticular, 64) and 150 controls were used for KIR2DS2, KIR2DS4, KIR3DS1, KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 and KIR3DL1 typing by polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes.ResultsCompared with the controls, the patients with systemic JIA showed lower NK cell counts, cytotoxicity and perforin and granzyme B expression (p < 0.05), while the patients with pauci‐ and polyarticular JIA showed higher perforin and granzyme B expression (p < 0.05). NK cells produced higher level of TNF‐α while lower level of IFN‐γ in the pauci‐ and polyarticular JIA groups than in the systemic JIA group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in KIR gene frequencies were found between the JIA subgroups and healthy controls, except for the positive frequency and locus frequency of KIR2DS4, which were lower in the systemic JIA group.ConclusionsCompared with poly‐ and pauciarticular JIA, systemic JIA is associated with decreased NK cell function, more IFN‐γ and less TNF‐α secretion of NK cell and lower KIR2DS4 frequency.
Influence of Simulated and Actual Community Vaccination Clinics on Student Empowerment and Self‐Efficacy for Public Health Nursing Competencies
Authors: Babenko‐Mould Yolanda , Ferguson Karen , Riddell Thelma , Hancock Michele , Atthill Stephanie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo examine students’ structural empowerment during simulated learning and actual nursing practice, and assess students’ self‐efficacy for public health nursing competencies (PHNC) after involvement in a mass influenza vaccination clinic as a community practice experience.DesignA nonexperimental survey design was used with a sample of year three baccalaureate nursing students.MethodsStudents completed a demographic form after the simulated clinic experience, they were assessed for perceptions of empowerment after being involved in the simulated and actual clinic settings, and self‐efficacy was assessed after the actual clinic experience.ResultsStudents perceived themselves as structurally empowered after completing the simulated and actual community vaccination clinics. Students reported a high level of self‐efficacy for PHNC after their actual community vaccination clinic involvement. There was a significant correlation between empowerment and self‐efficacy, which suggests that when students have access to empowering structures, they feel more confident to enact PHNC that align with practice in the clinics.ConclusionThis study suggests that nursing students acquired the necessary knowledge and skills for safe vaccination administration through the combination of simulated practice and participating in an actual public health vaccination clinic.
Modal Pursuit to Detect Large Displacements and Strain Fields by Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Salvini P. , Lux V. , Marotta E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDigital image correlation offers a useful approach to resolve displacements and strains by picture comparisons. However, many of the several methods proposed in the past suffer the occurrence of large displacements between the two compared pictures. The modal pursuit approach here introduced intends giving a possible strategy to prevent this limitation. The main advantage is that the method uses a global approach for the solution strategy. The procedure uses a displacement basis that derives from a modal analysis on a membrane structure whose shape is the same as the image region under investigation. The modes are introduced a little at a time so that the procedure is facilitated to converge, even when only two pictures (undeformed and final state) are used for the matching.
Exploring Spatial Non‐Stationarity and Varying Relationships between Crash Data and Related Factors Using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression
Authors: Shariat‐Mohaymany Afshin , Shahri Matin , Mirbagheri Babak , Matkan Ali Akbar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe spatial nature of crash data highlights the importance of employing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in different fields of safety research. Recently, numerous studies have been carried out in safety analysis to investigate the relationships between crashes and related factors. Trip generation as a function of land use, socio‐economic, and demographic characteristics might be appropriate variables along with network characteristics and traffic volume to develop safety models. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) describe the relationships between crashes and the explanatory variables by estimating the global and fixed coefficients. Since crash occurrences are almost certainly influenced by many spatial factors; the main objective of this study is to employ Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWPR) on 253 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) in Mashhad, Iran, using traffic volume, network characteristics and trip generation variables to investigate the aspects of relationships which do not emerge when using conventional global specifications. GWPR showed an improvement in model performance as indicated by goodness‐of‐fit criteria. The results also indicated the non‐stationary state in the relationships between the number of crashes and all independent variables.
Non‐endemic cases of lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Jones Robert T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveSeveral cases of lymphatic filariasis (LF) have been reported in non‐endemic countries due to travellers, military personnel and expatriates spending time in and returning from endemic areas, as well as immigrants coming from these regions. These cases are reviewed to assess the scale and context of non‐endemic presentations and to consider the biological factors underlying their relative paucity.MethodsCases reported in the English, French, Spanish and Portuguese literature during the last 30 years were examined through a search of the PubMed, ProMED‐mail and TropNet resources.ResultsThe literature research revealed 11 cases of lymphatic filariasis being reported in non‐endemic areas. The extent of further infections in recent migrants to non‐endemic countries was also revealed through the published literature.ConclusionsThe life‐cycle requirements of Wuchereria and Brugia species limit the extent of transmission of LF outside of tropical regions. However, until elimination, programmes are successful in managing the disease, there remains a possibility of low rates of infection being reported in non‐endemic areas, and increased international travel can only contribute to this phenomenon. Physicians need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of lymphatic filariasis, and infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of people with a relevant travel history.
A retrospective evaluation of Vipera palaestinae envenomation in 18 cats: (2006–2011)
Authors: Lenchner Itzik , Aroch Itamar , Segev Gilad , Kelmer Efrat , Bruchim Yaron 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, treatment, complications and outcome, and to identify risk factors for death in cats envenomed by Vipera palaestinae (Vp).DesignRetrospective study.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned cats envenomed by Vp.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsAll envenomations occurred during the hot season (May to October), mostly in young (<4 years, 66%) domestic shorthair, outdoor or indoor‐outdoor cats. Clinical signs included tachypnea (>40/min, 100%), lameness (78%), depression (71%), fang penetration marks (55%), hypothermia (<37.5°C, 43%), hematoma at the envenomation site (27%), tachycardia (>220/min, 20%), and bradycardia (<140/min, 20%). Hematologic abnormalities included thrombocytopenia (89%), hemoconcentration (33%), and leukocytosis (33%). The activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times were prolonged in 100% and in 93% of the cats at presentation to a veterinarian, and remained prolonged 12–24 hours later in 92% and in 77% of the cats, respectively. Cats displayed increased serum creatine kinase activity (100%) and hyperglycemia (89%). Four cats (22%) did not survive. Median hospitalization time was 2 days. Variables associated with death included lower body weight (P = 0.01), lower initial rectal temperature (P = 0.02), lower initial hematocrit (P < 0.001) and 12–24 hours later (P = 0.001), and lower total plasma protein at 12–24 hours following presentation (P = 0.001). There was no association between death and administration of antivenom (10 mL/cat), fresh frozen plasma, or corticosteroids.ConclusionsCats are at least as susceptible as dogs to Vp envenomation. Lower body weight, rectal temperature, and hematocrit at presentation were associated with nonsurvival.
Meralgia Paresthetica in a Male Collegiate Lacrosse Player
Authors: Koesterer Thomas , Blanchard Aaron , Donnelly Patrick 
Published: August 2014

Objective:To present a unique case of meralgia paresthetica.Background:A 21-year-old male collegiate lacrosse player fell, twisted his right leg, and felt a “pop” in his hip. Objective fndings included: antalgic gait, mild palpable swelling, and tenderness to touch with limited range of motion due to pain. Joint stability tests were negative.Differential Diagnosis:Right hip abductor strain, hip sprain, trochanteric bursitis, or labral tear.Treatment:The physician’s findings included deep hip pain that increased with hip scouring and pain with active and passive motion. The physician’s diagnosis was hip sprain; treatment was to continue with ice and begin active progression for return to play. The athlete was treated over the next several days with warm whirlpools, stretching, and a hip fexor wrap. Ten days postinjury, the athlete played in a game, but in the fourth quarter came off the field stating he couldn’t feel his thigh. The orthopedic physician evaluated the athlete and provided a differential diagnosis of right hip fexor strain and hip capsule sprain with numbness, possibly due to meralgia paresthetica. The physician ordered treatment to continue and began a regimen of 600 mg of ibuprofen three times per day and noted the athlete could continue to play.Uniqueness:The athlete did not show any symptoms of meralgia paresthetica for 10 days post initial injury. The meralgia paresthetica was most likely caused by swelling resulting from the hip sprain, in which the swelling compressed the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) against the inguinal ligament.Conclusions:Meralgia paresthetica may occur as a result of trauma and subsequent swelling of the inguinal region. A thorough evaluation of the hip must be conducted to ensure no motor neuron involvement is associated with the paresthesia symptoms.