bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azithromycin Add-On Therapy in High-Risk Postendoscopic Sinus Surgery Patients Failing Corticosteroid Irrigations: A Clinical Practice Audit
Authors: Maniakas Anastasios , Desrosiers Martin 
Published: December 2013

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a high potential for recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), despite a postoperative therapy of topical corticosteroid irrigations. Azithromycin (AZI) is a macrolide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties that may be of benefit in such steroid-unresponsive patients. Follow-up study was performed to (1) review the effectiveness of the management strategy of adding AZI in high-risk post-ESS patients failing standard management and (2) identify predictive factors for steroid nonresponsiveness. Methods A retrospective audit of the postoperative evolution of all patients undergoing ESS for CRS in 20 by a single surgeon was undertaken. Patients deemed at high risk of recurrence based on preoperative history and/or perioperative findings received nasal irrigation with 5 mg of budesonide (BUD) in 240 mL of saline twice daily after ESS. Patients showing signs of endoscopic recurrence at 4 months, despite BUD, had AZI at 250 mg three times a week added to their treatment regimen. Results A total of 57 high-risk patients underwent ESS during this period. At 4 months, 63.2% (36/57) had a favorable outcome solely with BUD. Twelve of the 21 nonresponders received AZI, with an additional 66.7% (8/12) subsequently showing a favorable response. Failure of BUD was associated with female gender (p = 0.048), having elevated alpha-1-antitrypsin levels (p = 0.037) and lower recovery rates of Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.063). Although the AZI subgroup was too small for statistical analysis, female gender was more frequently associated with failure of both BUD and AZI, while IgE was not useful. Conclusion A significant subgroup of high-risk patients showing disease recurrence after ESS despite topical corticosteroid therapy may respond to the addition of AZI as part of their therapy. These findings suggest that topical steroid-unresponsive CRS may represent a distinct entity and that alternate anti-inflammatory agents may be required for optimal management.
Solutions of the Sitnikov's circular restricted three body problems when primaries are oblate spheroid
Authors: Thapa RR , Hassan MR 
Published: December 2013

The solutions of sitnikov's circular restricted three body problem has been tried to obtain by using Lindstedt poincare method if the primaries are oblate spheroid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v10i0.9340 BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 92-99
Relation between saturated and normal operators
Authors: Sah Nagendra Pd 
Published: December 2013

A vector space X with algebra of all linear maps ∑(X) from X into itself and the ideal of all finite dimensional linear maps with dual (Conjugate) transformation T* to T from X' to itself form a relation in terms of relatively regular and linearly independent which is sufficient for mentioned title. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v10i0.9342 BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 115-117
Study of Renal Profile in Babies with Perinatal Asphyxia in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Case Control Study
Authors: Roy Banasree , Mondal Gobinda 
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the important causes of preventable cerebral injury occurring in the neonatal period. Kidney is one of the most commonly affected organs leading to renal functional abnormality and blood electrolyte imbalance. This was a prospective case control study done in the NICU and neonatal unit at a tertiary care hospital. The objective of this study were to detect renal functional abnormality and electrolyte imbalance (sodium and potassium) among babies with perinatal asphyxia and to correlate severity and type of renal involvement with degree of asphyxia. Materials and Methods: Thirty two neonates for perinatal asphyxia and 32 babies selected randomly from non asphyxiated babies for the control group. Blood samples were taken for measurement of serum urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium levels on 1st and 3rd day of life. If any abnormality detected, values were repeated every alternate days till it become normal. Results: There were total 32 cases (asphyxiated). Among 32 cases 14 (43.75 %) had elevated levels of urea and creatinine on day 1 [Mean urea (43.21± 23.08), creatinine (1.14 ± 0.57)], 18 (56.25%) had elevated levels of urea and creatinine on day 3.Mean urea (58.06 ± 28.52) and creatinine (1.24±0.5) were significantly higher on day 3 (p value<0.05) in study group as compared to control. Mean urea and creatinine levels showed increasing trend with degree of severity of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Eighteen babies with perinatal asphyxia developed renal failure (56.25%). 18 had Hyponatremia on day 1 (56.25%), 3 of them had value < 125 meq /l. Conclusion: Among study cases significantly higher values of urea and creatinine were found than controls. The values were positively correlated to the degree of asphyxia. Though, mean sodium and potassium level was within the normal limit, the value of potassium was higher among cases than controls. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8385 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):206-212
Trends in Neonatal Mortality at a Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital
Authors: Basnet Srijana , Shrestha Laxman 
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Neonatal services at Tribhuvan University Teaching hospital (TUTH) was essentially up to level II till year 2008 and upgraded to level III care in later years. A 4 years retrospective study was carried out at TUTH, Kathmandu, Nepal to determine any change in the trend of neonatal mortality after the improvement in its services. Materials and Methods: Labor room record book, neonatal record book, perinatal audit data and neonatal record charts were used to collect the data. Results: During the study period, there were total of 15063 live births. The neonatal mortality ranges from 9.46 to 14.88 per 1000 live births per year. There was no significant fall in trend of neonatal mortality (x2 for linear trend=1.40, p=0.23). There was also no significant fall in trend in perinatal mortality rates over this period (x2 for linear trend=1.92, p=0.16).The number of neonates referred to other hospitals has been significantly reduced by 61%.(x2 for linear trend=33.18, p<0.001). Majority of the neonatal deaths (72%) occurred within first 7 days of life and more than a third (39%) died within the first 24 hours of life. Respiratory distress syndrome, perinatal asphyxia and neonatal sepsis were three major causes of death. Deaths due to respiratory distress and perinatal asphyxia has not changed significantly over the years (p=0.4 and 0.25 respectively). Incidence of low birth weight ranges from 10.8 – 16.1% of total live births. 63% of neonatal mortality occurred in low birth weight babies. This trend has not changed in over the years (x2=1.03, p=0.31). Conclusion: With the improvement in the services, though neonatal mortality remained unchanged, referral rates and mortality due to respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity has decreased. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8957 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):213-217
La traite négrière et l'unité nationale brésilienne
Authors: de Alencastro Luiz Felipe 
Published: December 2013

¿ Por que el vireino portugués de America no se fragmenta después de la independencia, tal como ocurrio en sus anâlogos espanoles ?
Tal es la pregunta a la que se intenta responder aqui. En efecto, el estudio de la unification nacional brasilefia en la primera mitad del siglo XIX es una de las lagunas de nuestra historia contemporanea. Se pone aqui en relieve el papel que la trata de negros — o mas bien el tipo de sistema esclavista heredado de la colonizacion — tiene en este proceso complejo. El imperio del Brasil no solamente garantizo hasta 1 888 el mantenimiento de la esclavitud, sino que hizo mucho mas. De hecho el poder impérial creo las condiciones politicas y diplomaticas que permitieron, en un primer periodo la reproduccion del sistema esclavista (al mantener la trata negrera) y en un segundo, la perpetuacion de la economia de plantation (por la politica agraria y de colonizacidn). En la medida en que aqui, se ha reducido voluntariamente la argumentation -tomada en parte de una tesis de doctorado —, las ideas que se exponen pueden parecer uni vo cas. Sin embargo, esta manera de abordar el problema de la unificacidn national conducirâ, sin duda, a un desenclave de la historia brasilena del siglo XIX.
La Cruzada democrática un groupe militaire de pression de la droite libérale dans l'armée brésilienne, 1952-1962
Authors: Manor Paul 
Published: December 2013

En los anos que siguen el final de la segunda guerra mundial se produce en Brasil una division entre los partidarios de la integracio'n del pais en el sistema de alianzas occidentales (Tratado de Rio de Janeiro, 1947, y Organizacion de los Estados Americanos, 1948) y los que preconizan una position neutralista en la guerra fria.
El ambiente militar brasileno tuvo que afrontar, commo el civil, el desafio del maniqueismo ideologico de esos anos. En esta prueba, tanto social como economica, se rompieron la unidad y la disciplina de los oficiales brasilenos. Aparecen asi dos corrientes de ideas que se convierten, con la évolution desordenada de la sociedad brasilefia, en hermanos enemigos.
La corriente nacionalista-neutralista que habia dominado el cuerpo de oficiales (sobre todo en el ejército de tierra) hasta el final de la guerra de Corea (esta guerra représenta el punto âlgido de la influencia nacionalista en los medios militares brasilefios, fue puesto a prueba, a partir del mes de febrero de 1952, por la aparicion de un grupo militar de presion, pro-occidental, anti-comunista y antipopulista, partidario también de las tesis monetaristas en voga en Estados-Unidos, la « Cruzada Democrâtica ». Este grupo, aliado con los partidos de centro y de centro-derecha, desempenarâ un papel fatidico en la historia de la sociedad brasilena de la postguerra. La «Cruzada Democrâtica», que sedefinia ella misma como una asociacion de oficiales cristianos y libérales, creciô durante la presidencia de Getûlio Vargas y contribuyo, con sus presiones, al final tragico de esta presidencia. El grupo domino después una gran parte de las instituciones militares y alterno con los facciones nacionalistas en la direcci6n del Club Militar de Rio de Janeiro, elemento importante en la escena militar de la época. El grupo se distinguié en la crisis institucional de 1955, hasta casi arrastrar al pais en la guerra civil para impedir la investidura de Juscelino Kubitschek como présidente del Brasil.
Enemiga encarnizada de los présidentes populistas posteriores (Jânio Quadros y Joâo Goulart), la «Cruzada Democrâtica», élaboré en su época su mensaje ideolôgico, dando a la politica brasilena una de sus colaboraciones mas importantes : la doctrina de la «Seguridad nacional». Esta doctrina, con las modificaciones impuestas por la necesidad de mantenerse en el poder, se convirtio en la filosofïa del Estado de los militares brasilenos que dirigen la vida politica brasilena después de la insureccion de abril de 1964.
La «Cruzada Democrâtica» ténia una direccion en la que las decisiones se tomaban después de consultas «colegiales». El grupo suministro à la insureccion de 1964 la majoria de sus jefes militares y después, desde 1964 hasta nuestros dias, la totalidad de los presidentes del Brasil.
Ouest-Éclair (Rennes) et l'Empire colonial français de 1936 à 1939
Authors: Kouboura Daouda Kadidiatou' , Thobie Jacques 
Published: December 2013

This study about the quantitative and qualitative editorial space devoted to the French colonial Empire in a great régional newspaper on the eve of World War II underlines the particular importance of the years 1937 and 1939.
Above all, « Empire » meant Africa and the Middle East ; the deep praising treatment of colonization clearly expands through an insight that build the Empire as a strategic reserve which France could not miss. More hope than reality indeed.
Activités allemandes et germanophilie au Cameroun (1936-1939)
Authors: Sah Léonard I. 
Published: December 2013

It was in 1 936 that Germany began officially and loudly to claim the return of its former colony. Nazi propaganda going along with this demand was to a certain extend echoed throughout part of Cameroonians among who the prominent personalities were members of the Native Baptist Church led by Révérend Lotin Samé.
The repression of French Administration swooped down on the whole germanophile Cameroonian community. In the meantime, German scholars and notabilities has payed some surveying visits to Cameroon, while their compatriots living in British Cameroon and Spanish Guinea did their Cameroonian workers some paramilitary training.
In French Cameroon, a séries of spying activities followed one another, aiming at a future armed take-over of the Reich former colony. But germanophiles found francophiles, mainly young people, facing them as a counterbalance.
World War II brought this situation to an end, situation which the administrating power could actually be worried about.
The Gospel According to Ayn Rand:
Authors: Simental Michael G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAyn Rand's dystopian work, Anthem, has primarily been read as a critical response to the communist collectivism of the Russia of her youth. However, a close consideration of the religious allusions in the text reveals that Rand was responding to religious collectivism as much as to the communist variety. In fact, Rand's personal writings reveal that Anthem's apotheosis of man is a response to religion's denial of self, which Rand viewed as the offense of a collectivist society. In Anthem, Rand emphasizes her opposition to religion through the ironic employment of religious themes and images.
Economics in Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged
Authors: Younkins Edward W. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article provides a summary of economic issues found in Atlas Shrugged. It discusses the role of individual initiative, creativity, and productivity in economic progress as illustrated in this novel. It also shows the novel's depiction of the benefits of trade—and the destruction of exchange relationships and production that results from government intervention in the economy. Rand included a great many valuable insights about money in the novel's famous “money speech.” In addition, the book analyzes Galt's Gulch as a free market economy. The novel is, in part, a treatise on economics providing a literary treatment of proper economic principles.
Reply to Stephen Cox:
Authors: Long Roderick T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn his essay “Rand, Paterson, and the Problem of Anarchism,” which appeared in The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies (July 2013), Stephen Cox argues that the principles of consent and non-initiation of force on which anarchists rely are too strong, and would require undue violation of the principle of non-sacrifice unless modified. But properly interpreted, these principles do not generate the conflicts that Cox describes, and such modifications as are defensible still do not rule out anarchism; hence Cox's case against anarchism fails.
Rejoinder to Roderick T. Long:
Authors: Cox Stephen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This response to Roderick T. Long's defense of anarchism attempts to show that the ethical and the practical arguments for anarchism do not converge; that anarchism satisfies neither Ayn Rand's demand for objective justice nor Isabel Paterson's demand for structured checks on the abuse of power; that the chief economic argument for the practicality of anarchism, the argument from competition, is contrary to basic economic principles; and that crucial anarchist claims defy ordinary and defensible notions of justice, usefulness, and reasonableness. Also attempted is an identification of the legitimately coercive economic function of government.
A Comparison of Instrumental Music Methods Course Content at NASM-Accredited Institutions
Authors: Hewitt Michael , Koner Karen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This study examined the curricular content of undergraduate instrumental methods courses at institutions accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM). The study sought to determine the priority given by instructors to the curricular components of instrumental music classes and whether differences exist among institutional and instructor factors on the priority given to instrumental methods class topics and the National Standards for Music Education. A questionnaire was distributed to instrumental music methods class instructors at NASMaccredited schools that offer an instrumental methods class as part of the undergraduate music education curriculum (N=521). Completed, usable responses were received from 282 (54.12%) of participants who taught at least one instrumental methods class during the 2011-2012 school year. Results are reported concerning the textbooks most commonly used in classes, class assignments, and the priority given to 33 topics and the National Standards for Music Education in instrumental methods courses. The results suggest that the content of instrumental methods classes appears to focus on those topics most directly related to the process of teaching including curriculum and lesson planning, assessment, classroom management, and teaching fundamentals. Additionally, the content area of an instructor’s highest degree may impact the priority given to the topics discussed in class as well as to the national standards. There appears to be little change from findings of earlier studies of instrumental music methods classes, with the exception that more field experience is currently required.
Elizabeth Willing Powel et la sociabilité de la plume : discours sur la place et l’éducation des femmes et l’agentivité féminine dans l’écriture épistolaire
Authors: Templier Sarah 
Published: December 2013

En se basant sur la correspondance d’Elizabeth Willing Powel, femme de l’élite philadelphienne de la fin du xviiie siècle, cet article explore comment cette dernière, en se référant à des textes littéraires, utilise l’activité épistolaire pour véhiculer ses vues sur la place des femmes dans la société et sur leur éducation. Il est également question d’étudier comment, pour Elizabeth, la correspondance est un médium de participation active à une société en transformation et d’ancrage de sa féminité dans le temps.
Revenir et repartir ! Trajectoires de mobilités étudiantes et diplômées du sud et du nord de l’Europe
Authors: Ballatore Magali 
Published: December 2013

Cet article porte sur le monde des migrations professionnelles et qualifiées en Europe, sur une minorité statistique de diplômés d’institutions d’enseignement supérieur : les diplômés ex-Erasmus des universités. Il se penche en particulier sur ceux qui choisissent l’expatriation comme porte d’entrée dans la vie active. Même s’ils sont encore marginaux en Europe, ces flux de jeunes de « classes moyennes » provenant du sud du continent ou de filières massifiées n’en sont pas moins socialement significatifs. Ils montrent que la mobilité géographique internationale est aujourd’hui de plus en plus utilisée à des fins de mobilité sociale. Mais les tenants et les aboutissants de ces expatriations ne sont pas les mêmes suivant les déplacements opérés : ils varient selon la position sur l’échelle géographique et sociale.
Le management interculturel comme processus de traduction. Le cas d’une entreprise béninoise
Authors: Pichault François , Nizet Jean 
Published: December 2013

La littérature scientifique propose plusieurs manières d’analyser l’influence des différences culturelles sur le management des organisations : on peut distinguer à cet égard les positions universaliste, contingente et interprétativiste. À partir de l’analyse d’un cas d’entreprise béninoise qui exporte sa production en Europe, nous examinons dans quelle mesure cette troisième voie permet d’expliquer l’atteinte de performances durables pour les organisations africaines. Nous montrons que c’est moins la combinaison de composantes culturelles occidentales et locales qui garantit l’efficacité, mais plutôt la manière dont les dirigeants parviennent, au moyen d’un travail de traduction, à réduire les dépendances dans lesquelles l’organisation se trouve par rapport à ses différents environnements.
Les performances managériales des maisons d’opéra Comparaisons internationales
Authors: Tarondeau Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2013

Dans cet article, nous tentons d’expliquer les performances des maisons d’opéra sur deux critères : autonomie financière et taux d’occupation des théâtres. Pour cela, nous proposons des quantifications des politiques artistiques, des politiques de production et des éléments principaux de l’environnement comme la capacité des auditoriums, les caractéristiques de l’offre et la force de la tradition lyrique. L’analyse statistique porte sur un échantillon de 62 maisons d’opéra. Elle montre que ce sont les facteurs d’environnement : taille des salles, densité de l’offre et tradition lyrique qui fournissent l’essentiel de l’explication. Ce sont les maisons les moins exposées et soumises à la tradition lyrique qui sont les plus performantes. C’est l’innovation plus que l’apprentissage qui explique les performances.
Diverse coral communities in naturally acidified waters of a Western Pacific reef
Authors: Shamberger Kathryn E. F. , Cohen Anne L. , Golbuu Yimnang , McCorkle Daniel C. , Lentz Steven J. , Barkley Hannah C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAnthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are acidifying the oceans, reducing the concentration of carbonate ions ([CO32−]) that calcifying organisms need to build and cement coral reefs. To date, studies of a handful of naturally acidified reef systems reveal depauperate communities, sometimes with reduced coral cover and calcification rates, consistent with results of laboratory‐based studies. Here we report the existence of highly diverse, coral‐dominated reef communities under chronically low pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωar). Biological and hydrographic processes change the chemistry of the seawater moving across the barrier reefs and into Palau's Rock Island bays, where levels of acidification approach those projected for the western tropical Pacific open ocean by 2100. Nevertheless, coral diversity, cover, and calcification rates are maintained across this natural acidification gradient. Identifying the combination of biological and environmental factors that enable these communities to persist could provide important insights into the future of coral reefs under anthropogenic acidification.
Decadal oscillation of lakes and aquifers in the upper Great Lakes region of North America: Hydroclimatic implications
Authors: Watras C. J. , Read J. S. , Holman K. D. , Liu Z. , Song Y.‐Y. , Watras A. J. , Morgan S. , Stanley E. H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe report a unique hydrologic time series which indicates that water levels in lakes and aquifers across the upper Great Lakes region of North America have been dominated by a climatically driven, near‐decadal oscillation for at least 70 years. The historical oscillation (~13 years) is remarkably consistent among small seepage lakes, groundwater tables, and the two largest Laurentian Great Lakes despite substantial differences in hydrology. Hydrologic analyses indicate that the oscillation has been governed primarily by changes in the net atmospheric flux of water (P − E) and stage‐dependent outflow. The oscillation is hypothetically connected to large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns originating in the midlatitude North Pacific that support the flux of moisture into the region from the Gulf of Mexico. Recent data indicate an apparent change in the historical oscillation characterized by an ~12 years downward trend beginning in 1998. Record low water levels region wide may mark the onset of a new hydroclimatic regime.