bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Performance Appraisal: Exploring the Employee Experience
Authors: Farndale Elaine , Kelliher Clare 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLine managers play an important role as implementers of performance appraisal, enacting procedures designed by the HR function. However, the actual employee experience of these procedures (which may differ from how they were intended or enacted) in terms of perceptions of justice in the process is likely to have consequences for levels of organizational commitment. Furthermore, based on signaling theory, the broader organizational climate, measured here in terms of the level of trust employees have in the senior management, sets the context in which this experience takes shape. Presenting multilevel analysis of 4,422 employees across 22 business units, we show that organizational units with high trust in senior management have both higher levels of commitment, and show a stronger link between employee perceptions of fair treatment by their line manager during performance appraisal, and organizational commitment. This provides initial evidence that the impact of line manager actions is important for employee‐level outcomes but is also constrained by the organizational climate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Employee Perceptions of Line Management Performance: Applying the AMO Theory to Explain the Effectiveness of Line Managers' HRM Implementation
Authors: Bos‐Nehles Anna C. , Van Riemsdijk Maarten J. , Kees Looise Jan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLine managers are today seen as increasingly important in effectively implementing HRM practices. Based on the Ability‐Motivation‐Opportunity (AMO) theory, we predict that line managers' performance in this regard will depend on their ability to apply HRM practices, and that their motivation and the opportunity provided will enhance this effect. Through a survey of 174 line managers and 1,065 of their direct subordinates in two organizations, we found ability to be the best predictor of a line manager's HRM performance. Motivation did not moderate the effect of ability on performance as predicted, and our results suggest this relationship needs further attention. Opportunity did enhance the effect of ability on HRM implementation effectiveness. Therefore, HRM departments should aim to enhance line managers' abilities and provide adequate opportunities for them to carry out the expected HRM duties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of High‐Performance Human Resource Practices
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Obeidat Shatha , Bray Mark 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of a strategic role for human resource management (HRM) on organizational financial performance. Survey data from 118 financial and manufacturing organizations in Jordan is analyzed to investigate a moderated mediated pathway between a strategic role for HRM and organizational financial performance. The first finding, that high‐performance human resource practices (HPHRPs) mediate the relationship between the HR strategic role and performance, suggests that the position of the HR professional as a strategic partner enhances the legitimacy of HR initiatives, as well as facilitating the resourcing and support for their implementation. The second finding, that line management devolvement moderates the relationship between the HR strategic role and HPHRPs, suggests a trade‐off between a strategic and operational focus for HR professionals, and also indicates the value of embedding HR practice execution in operational administration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIV‐1 Reverse transcriptase is capable of elongating derivatives of sequence specific noncomplementary oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Martyanov Igor V. , Zakharova Ol'Ga D. , Sottofattori Enzo , Maksakova Galiya A. , Pyshnyi Dmitry V. , Mazzei Mauro , Balbi Alessandro , Litvak Simon , Tarrago‐Litvak Laura , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have carried out a comparison of KM and Vmax values for various primers in the polymerization reaction catalyzed by the HIV‐1 RT. The affinity of RT for complementary d(pT)6 containing two different 5′‐end pyranone derivatives was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher (KM = 3–15 nM) than that of d(pT)6 (KM = 12.6 mM). Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) noncomplementary to poly(A) template were not elongated by RT. However, derivatives of d(CAGGTG) containing the 5′‐terminal chromone and coumarin related groups were efficient primers showing KM (30–300 nM) and Vmax (75–93%) values comparable with that for d(pT)10 (800 nM; 100%). The [d(CAGGTG)]ddT ODN derivatives were effective inhibitors of RT. The primer function of derivatives of noncomplementary ODNs appears to be due to the additional interactions of their 5′‐terminal groups with the enzyme tRNA‐binding site.
Prooxidant character of flavonoid cytotoxicity: Structure‐activity relationships
Authors: Dičkancaitė Eglè , Nemeikaitė Aušra , Kalvelytė Audronė , Čėnas Narimantas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe action of flavonoids on bovine leukemia virus‐transformed lamb fibroblasts (line FLK) and HL‐60 cells was accompanied by lipid peroxidation, their toxicity was partly prevented by iron chelator desferrioxamine and antioxidant N,N′‐diphenyl‐p‐phenylene diamine. This pointed out to the involvement of oxidative stress in flavonoid cytotoxicity. The concentration of compound for 50% survival of FLK cells (cL50) did not show correlation with Polarographic oxidation half‐peak potential (Ep/2) and/or partition coefficient (log P) of flavonoids; however, their toxicity to HL‐60 cells was described by equation log cL50 (μM) = 3.0161 + 1.1099 Ep/2 (V) — 0.3369 log P. The toxicity of quercetin was partly prevented by nontoxic concentrations of other flavonoids examined, thus pointing out to potential neutralization of quercetin cytotoxicity by intake of flavonoid mixtures.
Nucleotide sequencing of S‐RNA segment and sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid protein gene of the newly isolated akabane virus PT‐17 strain
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wei , Liao Yung‐Kung , Su Vincent , Farh Lynn , Shiuan David 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe nucleotide sequences of the S‐RNA of Akabane viruses JaGAr‐39, OBE‐1, Iriki and the newly isolated PT‐17 strains and the Aino virus were determined and compared. The results reveal that the S‐RNAs of the four Akabane strains share 96.9% homology in nucleotide sequences. Only one amino acid difference out of the 233 amino acids of the nucleocapsid protein (N) and three amino acid differences in the 91 amino acids of the nonstructural protein (NSs) were found among the Akabane viruses. Amino acid sequences of N and NSs proteins of the Aino virus have approximately 80% identity as compared with the Akabane viruses. The results also demonstrate that the four Akabane viruses and the Aino virus can be clearly differentiated by RFLP (restriction fragments length polymorphism) analysis using RT‐PCR generated nucleocapsid protein genes and digested with HaeIII and HindIII. The phylogenetic tree based on the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) analysis of the sequences of nucleocapsid protein genes and the S‐DNAs revealed that the newly isolated PT‐17 strain is most closely related to Iriki strain, than the JaGAr‐39 or OBE‐1 strains.
Cytochrome C oxidase from eucaryotes but not from procaryotes is allosterically inhibited by ATP
Authors: Follmann Kara , Arnold Susanne , Ferguson‐Miller Shelagh , Kadenbach Bernhard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe activity of reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart but not from Rhodobacter sphaeroides is allosterically inhibited by intraliposomal ATP, which binds to subunit IV. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase of wild‐type yeast and of a subunit VIa‐deleted yeast mutant, measured with Tween 20‐solubilized mitochondria in the presence of an ATP‐regenerating system, was also allosterically inhibited by ATP, indicating the general validity of this mechanism of “respiratory control” in eucaryotic cytochrome c oxidases (Arnold and Kadenbach, Eur. J. Biochem. (1997) 249, 350–354). Deletion of subunit Via changes the biphysic into monophysic kinetics of the yeast enzyme in the presence of ADP. A tenfold higher amount of horse heart cytochrome c, as compared to yeast cytochrome c, was required to relieve the ATP inhibition of the yeast enzyme.
Acute‐phase induced phosphorylation of rat liver nucleoprotein P70 modulates its binding affinity for the haptoglobin gene
Authors: Grigorov Ilijana , Milosavljević Tanja , Petrović Miodrag 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn increase in the binding affinity of rat liver trans‐acting nucleoprotein p70 for the hormone responsive element of the rat haptoglobin gene in acute‐phase reactions has implicated a posttranslational modification. This investigation examines the proposed acute‐phase related structural alterations of p70 using an in vitro phosphorylation/dephosphorylation assay and selective digestion of p70 with Staphylococcal aureus V8 protease. The results show that p70 requires phosphorylation to express its DNA‐binding ability. Selective proteolysis of p70 provided evidence that acute‐phase induced phosphorylation of this protein alters its conformation in such a way that its DNA‐binding ability is increased.
Rapid generation of balanced trial distributions for discrimination learning procedures: A technical note
Authors: Gerard Christophe J. , Mackay Harry A. , Thompson Brooks , McIlvane William J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe describe novel computer algorithms for rapid, sometimes virtually instantaneous generation of trial sequences needed to instrument many behavioral research procedures. Implemented on typical desktop or laptop computers, the algorithms impose constraints to forestall development of undesired stimulus control by position, recent trial outcomes, and other variables that could impede simple and conditional discrimination learning. They yield trial‐by‐trial lists of sequences that can serve (1) as inputs to procedure control software or (2) in generating templates for constructing sessions for implementation by hand or machine.
Retrospective evaluation of dosimetric quality for prostate carcinomas treated with 3D conformal, intensity modulated and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy
Authors: Crowe Scott B. , Kairn Tanya , Middlebrook Nigel , Hill Brendan , Christie David R. H. , Knight Richard T. , Kenny John , Langton Christian M. , Trapp Jamie V. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines and compares the dosimetric quality of radiotherapy treatment plans for prostate carcinoma across a cohort of 163 patients treated across five centres: 83 treated with three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), 33 treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 47 treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).MethodsTreatment plan quality was evaluated in terms of target dose homogeneity and organs at risk (OAR), through the use of a set of dose metrics. These included the mean, maximum and minimum doses; the homogeneity and conformity indices for the target volumes; and a selection of dose coverage values that were relevant to each OAR. Statistical significance was evaluated using two‐tailed Welch's T‐tests. The Monte Carlo DICOM ToolKit software was adapted to permit the evaluation of dose metrics from DICOM data exported from a commercial radiotherapy treatment planning system.ResultsThe 3DCRT treatment plans offered greater planning target volume dose homogeneity than the other two treatment modalities. The IMRT and VMAT plans offered greater dose reduction in the OAR: with increased compliance with recommended OAR dose constraints, compared to conventional 3DCRT treatments. When compared to each other, IMRT and VMAT did not provide significantly different treatment plan quality for like‐sized tumour volumes.ConclusionsThis study indicates that IMRT and VMAT have provided similar dosimetric quality, which is superior to the dosimetric quality achieved with 3DCRT.
Hepatitis E virus open reading frame 3 protein interacts with porcine liver‐specific plasminogen and α2‐antiplasmin
Authors: Zhou Yan , Geng Yansheng , Yang Jun , Zhao Chenyan , Harrison Tim J. , Wang Youchun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a hepatotropic virus that causes acute and, occasionally, chronic viral hepatitis. At least four recognized genotypes of mammalian HEV have been identified. Genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic in humans and pigs are the major host. The 7.2 kb genome of HEV contains three open reading frames: ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3. ORF1 encodes a nonstructural protein and the ORF2 protein is the main capsid protein but the precise functions of ORF3 protein remain obscure. To explore the role of ORF3 in the porcine host, the genotype 4 ORF3 protein was used for yeast two‐hybrid screening to find cellular binding partners encoded by a pig liver cDNA library, two porcine liver specific proteins, plasminogen and α2‐antiplasmin were identified. Their interactions with the ORF3 protein were validated by chemiluminescent Co‐Immunoprecipitation assay and by Western blotting in Co‐IP and His pull‐down assay. The biological significance of these interactions and their possible role in the HEV infection are discussed. J. Med. Virol. 86:487–495, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Starbucks Exceptionalism: An Institutional Ethnographic Exploration of Coffee Culture in America
Authors: Gavin Diane 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOver a 5‐year period, from 2008 to 2013, Starbucks locations across the United States were visited and revisited to understand the growing cultural phenomenon that took hold in American society regarding consumers and Starbucks's coffee products. Written in an enhanced ethnographic style, in which presentational techniques are drawn from creative nonfiction and immersion journalism, the purpose of the current study is to apply a political theory lens in American culture, Seymour Lipset's (1966/1996) theory of American exceptionalism, to an American corporation, Starbucks Coffee. As with any ethnographic study, field work comes from a blend of immersion in the field and secondary data sources. For this study, the researcher visited more than 100 individual Starbucks locations across the United States, spoke with hundreds of individuals in these locations, and conducted a one‐word, quick‐survey response with 200 participants who were criterion selected based on their visiting a Starbucks on the day of being asked the question. The participants were randomly asked on the street as well as through Facebook. Descriptive and thematic coding processes were conducted on the participants' responses. The results indicated that while Starbucks Corporation messaging indicates the presence of Starbucks exceptionalism, fragmentation in consumers' minds may be occurring and Starbucks exceptionalism may not be as strong as it was a few years ago. As Starbucks moves into the Far Asian and Southeast Asian marketplaces, further study is needed to determine whether Starbucks exceptionalism will stay intact or shift to reflect other cultural influences.
How Government Venture Capital Guiding Funds Work in Financing High‐Tech Start‐Ups in China: A ‘Strategic Exchange’ Perspective
Authors: Wang Jinmin , Wang Jing , Ni Hua , He Shaowei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUnder its specific institutional context, the public/private partnership approach needs to be interpreted differently from strategic level to operational level in China to improve the performance of venture capital guiding funds.
Appropriate gastrectomy resection margins for early gastric carcinoma
Authors: Kim Beom Su , Oh Seong Tae , Yook Jeong Hwan , Kim Hee Sung , Lee In Seob , Kim Byung Sik 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveIn Korea and Japan, early gastric cancer (EGC) accounts for >50% of all gastric cancers. Here, we propose recommendations for the optimal distance from the tumor to the resection margins when evaluating EGC.Summary of Background DataThere are very few guidelines regarding the distance from the EGC tumor to the resection margins.MethodsWe evaluated 2,081 patients who underwent gastrectomy for EGC between January 1989 and May 2000. We subdivided tumors according to the distance from the proximal margin: ≤1, >1, ≤10, >10, ≤30, or >30 mm.ResultsThree of five patients demonstrating distances ≤1 mm between the tumor and gross proximal margin were microscopically positive. No patients with gross proximal margins >1, ≤10, >10, or ≤30 mm were microscopically positive. There were no statistical differences in rates of microscopically positive margin, reresection, or reoperation between groups (P > 0.05). In addition, there were statistical differences in terms of tumor recurrence and disease‐related death between groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWhen the resection margins are clear, we propose that margins >1 mm are adequate for EGC gastrectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:198–201. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Should a loop ileostomy closure in rectal cancer patients be done during or after adjuvant chemotherapy?
Authors: Tulchinsky Hagit , Shacham‐Shmueli Einat , Klausner Joseph M. , Inbar Moshe , Geva Ravit 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe influence of ileostomy closure timing on surgical and oncologic outcome was investigated in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after low anterior resection.MethodsConsecutive patients diagnosed with T3‐4/N+ rectal cancer, treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation and low anterior resection during 2000–2012 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients undergoing closure during adjuvant chemotherapy (Group A) were compared to patients undergoing closure after completing chemotherapy (Group B).ResultsA total of the 165 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 104 received adjuvant chemotherapy (25 in Group A and 79 in Group B). The pathologic stage was higher in Group B (P = 0.015). The rates of postoperative complications were similar (16% for Group A and 15% for Group B, P = 0.88), as was hospital stay (mean 5.78 days for Group A and 6.25 days for Group B, P = 0.7). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate and overall survival between the groups.ConclusionsReferral to ileostomy closure in relation to adjuvant chemotherapy is influenced by pathologic stage. Early referral appears to be reserved to a small number of patients with lower pathologic stage. Timing of ileostomy closure does not change short‐ or long‐term results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:266–269. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of apoptosis regulating proteins identifies stage II and III colon cancer patients with high risk of recurrence
Authors: Belt Eric J.Th. , Stockmann Hein B.A.C. , Delis‐van Diemen Pien M. , Bril Herman , Tijssen Marianne , van Essen Hendrik F. , Heymans Martijn W. , Beliën Jeroen A.M. , Carvalho Beatriz , Cillessen Saskia A.G.M. , Meijer Gerrit A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDeregulation of apoptosis related genes may be associated with poor outcome in cancer. Aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of expression levels of apoptosis related proteins in stage II and III colon cancer.MethodsFrom tumor samples of 386 stage II and III colon cancer patients, DNA was isolated and tissue microarrays were constructed. Expression of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐X, BAX, XIAP, Fas, FasL and c‐FLIP was evaluated and PCR‐based microsatellite instability analysis was performed.ResultsHigh FasL expressing tumors were associated with high disease recurrence rates in stage II colon cancer patients overall, as was low Bcl‐X expression in microsatellite stable stage II patients. In stage II patients, a multivariable model based on FasL and Bcl‐XL expression revealed a significant association with disease free survival (DFS). In stage III colon cancer patients, low Bcl‐2, low BAX and low Fas expression levels were associated with worse outcome. In these patients a multivariable model based on angioinvasion and Bcl‐2, Fas and FasL expression was significantly associated with DFS.ConclusionsStage II patients with low Bcl‐X and high FasL protein expression levels and stage III patients with low Fas, high FasL and low Bcl‐2 expression could be considered as high risk for disease recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:255–265. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescently labeled chimeric anti‐CEA antibody improves detection and resection of human colon cancer in a patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model
Authors: Metildi Cristina A. , Kaushal Sharmeela , Luiken George A. , Talamini Mark A. , Hoffman Robert M. , Bouvet Michael 
Published: November 2013

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate a new fluorescently labeled chimeric anti‐CEA antibody for improved detection and resection of colon cancer.MethodsFrozen tumor and normal human tissue samples were stained with chimeric and mouse antibody‐fluorophore conjugates for comparison. Mice with patient‐derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) of colon cancer underwent fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS) or bright‐light surgery (BLS) 24 hr after tail vein injection of fluorophore‐conjugated chimeric anti‐CEA antibody. Resection completeness was assessed using postoperative images. Mice were followed for 6 months for recurrence.ResultsThe fluorophore conjugation efficiency (dye/mole ratio) improved from 3–4 to >5.5 with the chimeric CEA antibody compared to mouse anti‐CEA antibody. CEA‐expressing tumors labeled with chimeric CEA antibody provided a brighter fluorescence signal on frozen human tumor tissues (P = 0.046) and demonstrated consistently lower fluorescence signals in normal human tissues compared to mouse antibody. Chimeric CEA antibody accurately labeled PDOX colon cancer in nude mice, enabling improved detection of tumor margins for more effective FGS. The R0 resection rate increased from 86% to 96% with FGS compared to BLS.ConclusionImproved conjugating efficiency and labeling with chimeric fluorophore‐conjugated antibody resulted in better detection and resection of human colon cancer in an orthotopic mouse model. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:451–458. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.