bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The compliance and burden of treatment with the epinephrine auto‐injector in food‐allergic adolescents
Authors: Saleh‐Langenberg J. , Flokstra‐de Blok B. M. J. , Goossens N. J. , Kemna J. C. , van der Velde J. L. , Dubois A. E. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundFood‐allergic patients at high risk of potential fatal anaphylaxis should carry an epinephrine auto‐injector (EAI) at all times. This treatment may be perceived as burdensome and this may affect compliance and health‐related quality of life (HRQL). The aims of the study were (1) to determine the burden of treatment (BoT) of an EAI, (2) to examine the relationship between this burden and compliance, and (3) to analyze which factors contribute to the BoT of the EAI as perceived by food‐allergic adolescents and their parents.MethodsDutch food‐allergic adolescents prescribed an EAI, and their parents completed a questionnaire package (n = 55). Relationships between BoT and HRQL, illness severity and perception, and anxiety measures were investigated.ResultsFood‐allergic adolescents and their parents were (extremely) positive about the EAI (54.5%; 72.7%, respectively) (=low BoT). The BoT measure showed a significantly greater burden in food‐allergic adolescents prescribed an EAI who reported not carrying the EAI at all times than adolescents who reported they did. The BoT scores of both adolescents and their parents were not associated with HRQL, illness severity and perception, or trait anxiety.ConclusionsThe majority of food‐allergic adolescents and their parents were positive about the EAI (=low BoT). However, the BoT was significantly associated with self‐reported compliance with carrying the EAI. The BoT was higher in food‐allergic adolescents prescribed an EAI who reported not carrying the EAI at all times. The BoT measure seems to be a useful tool to study compliance with carrying an EAI. The BoT of an EAI is not associated with HRQL. The BoT measures a distinct concept related to compliance behavior.
Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria with Oral Leukokeratosis—A Case of Mistaken Identity and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sorensen Robert H. , Werner Kimberly A. , Kobayashi Todd T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a rare pigmentary genodermatosis characterized by reticulated hyper‐ and hypopigmented macules distributed over the trunk and extremities in otherwise healthy patients. DUH presents in a fashion similar to that of a variety of reticulate and pigmentary dermatoses, some of which are associated with precancerous entities and other comorbidities. It is therefore imperative that the clinician recognize and differentiate these disorders so that appropriate screening and counseling can be offered to the patient. We report a case of DUH in a 13‐year‐old boy presenting with oral leukokeratosis, with a review of the literature exploring the differential diagnoses.
Hannah Arendt's Moral Ontology: Comments on David Luban's Arendt on the Crime of Crimes
Authors: Coutinho Luís Pereira 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDavid Luban identifies a tension between Arendt's conception of ethnic identification in a context of persecution and her conception of humanity. That tension pertains to the reality—or realities—that Arendt addresses: the moral reality of her Bildung that appears throughout her work, and is centered on the “dignity of man,” on the one hand, and the divisive, “political” reality that she was forced to face when “attacked as a Jew,” on the other. By implicitly accepting that in a context of persecution one cannot escape the framing relevance of the “political” —an idea that is also present in her imaginary condemnation speech of Eichmann—Arendt betrays a fundamental theme of her work: “forgiveness” and the inherent possibility of a “new beginning.”
Residential Multi‐Locality: In Search of Theoretical Frameworks
Authors: Weichhart Peter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractResidential multi‐locality is a highly complex social phenomenon. Its explanation requires consideration of most diverse aspects of the social world. On the one hand, this calls for identifying the decision‐making processes that make the agents involved choose multi‐local living arrangements to achieve their intentions. On the other hand, the socio‐economic framework conditions need to be explored that induce people to select residential multi‐locality as option to practise the ‘good life’. Last but not least, the impact of the material world on the implementation of these arrangements must be considered. To the author's knowledge, a social theory comprising all aspects of residential multi‐locality is still lacking. He discusses various conceptual fields that seem appropriate to provide theoretical approaches to the complexity of the phenomenon and that should be related to one another. The author proposes the complementary use of building blocks of theories even though they belong to paradigms considered incommensurable.
Trade and Urbanisation
Authors: Thia Jang P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInsights from economics of geography suggest that greater urbanisation should lead to an increased level of trade. Larger exporting markets should also provide incentives for agglomeration. Using a novel instrumental variables approach, this study provides empirical evidence that suggests that within country urbanisation has a strong positive impact on exports of the modern sector, while exports too have a positive impact on urbanisation. Consistent with model predictions, urbanisation is also associated with a decline in exports and increase in imports in the primary sector.
Screw Loosening and Pelvic Canal Narrowing After Lateral Plating of Feline Ilial Fractures With Locking and Nonlocking Plates
Authors: Schmierer Philipp A. , Kircher Patrick R. , Hartnack Sonja , Knell Sebastian C. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo compare the frequency of complications, including screw loosening and pelvic canal narrowing, associated with dynamic compression plating, locking plating, and double locking plating of ilial fractures in cats.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.MethodsThe radiographs and medical records of cats with pelvic fractures that were presented between 2004 and 2013 were reviewed. The cases were categorized based on the plate type and number as dynamic compression plate (DCP), single locking plate (LPS) and double locking plates (dLPS). The frequency of screw loosening was compared across categories using a Fisher's exact test. The change in pelvic alignment, described by the change in sacral index (postoperative sacral index–followup sacral index), was compared across plate categories using ANOVA.ResultsThe frequency of screw loosening for DCP (5/10) was significantly higher than LPS (1/13) and dLPS (0/11) (P = .05, P = .012, respectively). There was no significant difference in the SI change across plate categories. The mean change in sacral index for DCP was −0.11 (95%CI −0.25 to 0.03), for LPS was 0.0007 (95%CI −0.07 to 0.08), and for dLPS was −0.01 (95%CI −0.04 to 0.02). None of the cats showed constipation postoperatively.ConclusionScrew loosening occurred less often but the change in pelvic canal alignment was not significantly different in ilial fractures repaired with LPS or dLPS compared to ilial fractures repaired with DCP. Locking plating of ilial fractures in cats may offer advantages compared to nonlocking plating.
A Novel Inexpensive Use of Smartphone Technology for Ecological Momentary Assessment in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Ehlers Diane K. , Huberty Jennifer , Buman Matthew , Hooker Steven , Todd Michael , de Vreede Gert-Jan 
Published: August 2015

Background:Commercially available mobile and Internet technologies present a promising opportunity to feasibly conduct ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The purpose of this study was to describe a novel EMA protocol administered on middle-aged women’s smartphones via text messaging and mobile Internet.Methods:Women (N = 9; mean age = 46.2 ± 8.2 y) received 35 text message prompts to a mobile survey assessing activity, self-worth, and self-efficacy over 14 days. Prompts were scheduled and surveys were administered using commercial, Internet-based programs. Prompting was tailored to each woman’s daily wake/sleep schedule. Women concurrently wore a wrist-worn accelerometer. Feasibility was assessed via survey completion, accelerometer wear, participant feedback, and researcher notes.Results:Of 315 prompted surveys, 287 responses were valid (91.1%). Average completion time was 1.52 ± 1.03 minutes. One participant’s activity data were excluded due to accelerometer malfunction, resulting in complete data from 8 participants (n = 252 [80.0%] valid observations). Women reported the survey was easily and quickly read/completed. However, most thought the accelerometer was inconvenient.Conclusions:High completion rates and perceived usability suggest capitalizing on widely available technology and tailoring prompting schedules may optimize EMA in middle-aged women. However, researchers may need to carefully select objective monitors to maintain data validity while limiting participant burden.
An Echinococcus multilocularis Antigen B3 Proteoform That Shows Specific Antibody Responses to Active-Stage Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Ahn Chun-Seob , Cai Huixia , Kim Jeong-Geun , Han Xiumin , Ma Xiao , Bae Young-An , Yang Hyun-Jong , Kang Insug , Wang Hu , Kong Yoon 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the
Echinococcus multilocularis
metacestode, represents one of the most frequently fatal zoonoses. Early diagnosis significantly reduces morbidity and mortality associated with AE. Diagnosis of AE largely depends on a combination of imaging and serological tests due to its minimal clinical manifestations. Several antigens derived from the whole worm and protoscolex have been targeted for AE serodiagnosis, while the antigenic properties of
E. multilocularis
hydatid fluid (EmHF) are unclear. We observed two AE-specific 6- and 8-kDa antigen proteoforms through an immunoproteome array of the EmHF. We identified these proteins as representing an
E. multilocularis
antigen B3 (EmAgB3) isoform, and the proteins were shown to be encoded by the same gene. We cloned the gene and expressed the recombinant EmAgB3 protein (rEmAgB3) in
Escherichia coli
. rEmAgB3 exhibited sensitivity of 90.9% (80/88 cases) and specificity of 98.5% (597/606 samples) by immunoblotting. The positive and negative predictive values were 89.9% and 98.6%, respectively. The protein did not show antibody responses to 33 AE sera collected during posttreatment follow-up monitoring. Mouse sera experimentally infected with AE protoscoleces began to demonstrate specific antibody responses to native and recombinant EmAgB3 6 months after infection. At that stage, fully mature metacestode vesicles that harbored the brood capsule, primary cell, and protoscolex were observed within an AE mass(es). The response declined along with worm degeneration. Our results demonstrate that the immune responses to this EmAgB3 isoform were highly correlated with worm viability accompanied with AE progression. rEmAgB3 is a promising biomarker for serological assessment of AE patients.
Performance of the CLSI Carba NP and the Rosco Carb Screen Assays Using North American Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: Gallagher Lauren C. , Roundtree Sylvester S. , Lancaster Diana P. , Rudin Susan D. , Bard Jennifer Dien , Roberts Amity L. , Marshall Steven H. , Bonomo Robert A. , Sullivan Kaede V. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

This study compared the performance of the Carba NP assay, published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and the Rosco Rapid Carb Screen kit. Carba NP had superior sensitivity, but both assays required an increased inoculum to detect carbapenemase production in isolates with
bla
NDM
,
bla
IMP
, and
bla
OXA-48
.
New Real-Time PCR Assays for Detection of Inducible and Acquired Clarithromycin Resistance in the Mycobacterium abscessus Group
Authors: Shallom Shamira J. , Moura Natalia S. , Olivier Kenneth N. , Sampaio Elizabeth P. , Holland Steven M. , Zelazny Adrian M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Members of the
Mycobacterium abscessus
group (MAG) cause lung, soft tissue, and disseminated infections. The oral macrolides clarithromycin and azithromycin are commonly used for treatment. MAG can display clarithromycin resistance through the inducible
erm
(41) gene or via acquired mutations in the
rrl
(23S rRNA) gene. Strains harboring a truncation or a T28C substitution in
erm
(41) lose the inducible resistance trait. Phenotypic detection of clarithromycin resistance requires extended incubation (14 days), highlighting the need for faster methods to detect resistance. Two real-time PCR-based assays were developed to assess inducible and acquired clarithromycin resistance and tested on a total of 90 clinical and reference strains. A SYBR green assay was designed to distinguish between a full-length and truncated
erm
(41) gene by temperature shift in melting curve analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele discrimination assays were developed to distinguish T or C at position 28 of
erm
(41) and 23S rRNA
rrl
gene mutations at position 2058 and/or 2059. Truncated and full-size
erm
(41) genes were detected in 21/90 and 69/90 strains, respectively, with 64/69 displaying T at nucleotide position 28 and 5/69 containing C at that position. Fifteen isolates showed
rrl
mutations conferring clarithromycin resistance, including A2058G (11 isolates), A2058C (3 isolates), and A2059G (1 isolate). Targeted sequencing and phenotypic assessment of resistance concurred with molecular assay results. Interestingly, we also noted cooccurring strains harboring an active
erm
(41), inactive
erm
(41), and/or acquired mutational resistance, as well as slowly growing MAG strains and also strains displaying an inducible resistance phenotype within 5 days, long before the recommended 14-day extended incubation.
Intermonomer Interactions in Hemagglutinin Subunits HA1 and HA2 Affecting Hemagglutinin Stability and Influenza Virus Infectivity
Authors: Wang Wei , DeFeo Christopher J. , Alvarado-Facundo Esmeralda , Vassell Russell , Weiss Carol D. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) mediates virus entry by binding to cell surface receptors and fusing the viral and endosomal membranes following uptake by endocytosis. The acidic environment of endosomes triggers a large-scale conformational change in the transmembrane subunit of HA (HA2) involving a loop (B loop)-to-helix transition, which releases the fusion peptide at the HA2 N terminus from an interior pocket within the HA trimer. Subsequent insertion of the fusion peptide into the endosomal membrane initiates fusion. The acid stability of HA is influenced by residues in the fusion peptide, fusion peptide pocket, coiled-coil regions of HA2, and interactions between the surface (HA1) and HA2 subunits, but details are not fully understood and vary among strains. Current evidence suggests that the HA from the circulating pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] is less stable than the HAs from other seasonal influenza virus strains. Here we show that residue 205 in HA1 and residue 399 in the B loop of HA2 (residue 72, HA2 numbering) in different monomers of the trimeric A(H1N1)pdm09 HA are involved in functionally important intermolecular interactions and that a conserved histidine in this pair helps regulate HA stability. An arginine-lysine pair at this location destabilizes HA at acidic pH and mediates fusion at a higher pH, while a glutamate-lysine pair enhances HA stability and requires a lower pH to induce fusion. Our findings identify key residues in HA1 and HA2 that interact to help regulate H1N1 HA stability and virus infectivity.

IMPORTANCE
Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is the principal antigen in inactivated influenza vaccines and the target of protective antibodies. However, the influenza A virus HA is highly variable, necessitating frequent vaccine changes to match circulating strains. Sequence changes in HA affect not only antigenicity but also HA stability, which has important implications for vaccine production, as well as viral adaptation to hosts. HA from the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus is less stable than other recent seasonal influenza virus HAs, but the molecular interactions that contribute to HA stability are not fully understood. Here we identify molecular interactions between specific residues in the surface and transmembrane subunits of HA that help regulate the HA conformational changes needed for HA stability and virus entry. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling HA function and antigen stability.
Propranolol Decreases Proliferation of Endothelial Cells Transformed by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Induces Lytic Viral Gene Expression
Authors: McAllister Shane C. , Hanson Ryan S. , Manion Rory D. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is common in Africa, but economic constraints hinder successful treatment in most patients. Propranolol, a generic β-adrenergic antagonist, decreased proliferation of KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected cells. Downregulation of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) recapitulated this phenotype. Additionally, propranolol induced lytic gene expression in association with downregulation of CDK6. Thus, propranolol has diverse effects on KSHV-infected cells, and this generic drug has potential as a therapeutic agent for KS.
MicroRNA-Attenuated Clone of Virulent Semliki Forest Virus Overcomes Antiviral Type I Interferon in Resistant Mouse CT-2A Glioma
Authors: Martikainen Miika , Niittykoski Minna , von und zu Fraunberg Mikael , Immonen Arto , Koponen Susanna , van Geenen Maartje , Vähä-Koskela Markus , Ylösmäki Erkko , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Saksela Kalle , Hinkkanen Ari 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Glioblastoma is a terminal disease with no effective treatment currently available. Among the new therapy candidates are oncolytic viruses capable of selectively replicating in cancer cells, causing tumor lysis and inducing adaptive immune responses against the tumor. However, tumor antiviral responses, primarily mediated by type I interferon (IFN-I), remain a key problem that severely restricts viral replication and oncolysis. We show here that the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) strain SFV4, which causes lethal encephalitis in mice, is able to infect and replicate independent of the IFN-I defense in mouse glioblastoma cells and cell lines originating from primary human glioblastoma patient samples. The ability to tolerate IFN-I was retained in SFV4-miRT124 cells, a derivative cell line of strain SFV4 with a restricted capacity to replicate in neurons due to insertion of target sites for neuronal microRNA 124. The IFN-I tolerance was associated with the viral nsp3-nsp4 gene region and distinct from the genetic loci responsible for SFV neurovirulence. In contrast to the naturally attenuated strain SFV A7(74) and its derivatives, SFV4-miRT124 displayed increased oncolytic potency in CT-2A murine astrocytoma cells and in the human glioblastoma cell lines pretreated with IFN-I. Following a single intraperitoneal injection of SFV4-miRT124 into C57BL/6 mice bearing CT-2A orthotopic gliomas, the virus homed to the brain and was amplified in the tumor, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition and improved survival.

IMPORTANCE
Although progress has been made in development of replicative oncolytic viruses, information regarding their overall therapeutic potency in a clinical setting is still lacking. This could be at least partially dependent on the IFN-I sensitivity of the viruses used. Here, we show that the conditionally replicating SFV4-miRT124 virus shares the IFN-I tolerance of the pathogenic wild-type SFV, thereby allowing efficient targeting of a glioma that is refractory to naturally attenuated therapy vector strains sensitive to IFN-I. This is the first evidence of orthotopic syngeneic mouse glioma eradication following peripheral alphavirus administration. Our findings indicate a clear benefit in harnessing the wild-type virus replicative potency in development of next-generation oncolytic alphaviruses.
Implementation of health risk assessments with family health history: barriers and benefits
Authors: Wu R Ryanne , Orlando Lori A 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Health risk assessments provide an opportunity to emphasise health promotion and disease prevention for individuals and populations at large. A key component of health risk assessments is the detailed collection of family health history information. This information is helpful in determining risk both for common chronic conditions and more rare diseases as well. While the concept of health risk assessments has been around since the Framingham Heart Study was launched in the 1950s, and such assessments are commonly performed in the workplace today, the US healthcare system has been slow to embrace them and the emphasis on prevention that they represent. Before wider implementation of health risk assessments within healthcare can be seen, several concerns must be addressed: (1) provider impact, (2) patient impact, (3) validity of patient-entered data and (4) health outcomes effect. Here, we describe recent developments in health risk assessment design that are helping to address these issues.
Efficacy and safety of tabalumab, an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody, in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to TNF inhibitors: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
Authors: Schiff Michael , Combe Bernard , Dörner Thomas , Kremer Joel M , Huizinga Thomas W , Veenhuizen Melissa , Gill Anne , Komocsar Wendy , Berclaz Pierre-Yves , Ortmann Robert , Lee Chin 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundTabalumab is a human monoclonal antibody that neutralises B-cell activating factor.ObjectivesTo evaluate tabalumab efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated 456 patients with active RA after 24-week treatment with subcutaneous tabalumab (120 mg every 4 weeks (120/Q4W) or 90 mg every 2 weeks (90/Q2W)) versus placebo, with loading doses (240 or 180 mg) at week 0. Patients were allowed background disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and previously discontinued ≥1 tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors for lack of efficacy/intolerance. Primary end point was American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response at 24 weeks. This study was terminated early due to futility.ResultsMost patients had moderate-to-high baseline disease activity. There was no significant difference in week 24 ACR20 responses between 120/Q4W, 90/Q2W, and placebo (17.6%, 24.3%, 20%) per non-responder imputation analysis. Mean percent changes in CD20+ B-cell count (−10.8%, −9.6%, +10.9%) demonstrated expected pharmacodynamic effects. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were similar (59.5%, 51.7%, 52.6%), as were AE discontinuations (2.6%, 2.7%, 2.6%), serious AEs (4.6%, 4.1%, 3.9%), serious infectious events (1.3%, 0, 0) and events of interest: infections (23.5%, 25.9%, 24%), injection site reactions (13.1%, 25.8%, 11%) and allergy/hypersensitivity (3.9%, 4.1%, 3.9%) reports. Incidence of treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies was similar to placebo (3.9%, 4.8%, 3.9%). No deaths or new/unexpected safety findings were reported.ConclusionsTabalumab did not demonstrate clinical efficacy in patients with RA in this phase 3 study, despite evidence of biological activity. There were no notable differences in safety parameters between tabalumab treatment groups and placebo.Trial registration number:NCT01202773.