bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The situation and the uncertainty about the coming result scared me but interaction with the radiographers helped me through’: a qualitative study on patients' experiences of magnetic resonance imaging examinations
Authors: Carlsson Sofia , Carlsson Eva 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe patients' expectations before and experiences during a head‐first magnetic resonance imaging scan.BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that patients experience fear and anxiety leading to discomfort before, during and after magnetic resonance imaging scans. Frequent problems persist in producing high‐quality images due to motion artefacts. These results imply a need for improvement of patient conditions to allow for the added benefit of better diagnostic quality. Provision of extended written information has not appeared to reduce patients' stress, while interaction with staff has been described as the most important factor for reducing such feelings.Design and methodsA qualitative, phenomenological approach. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, and data were analysed with systematic text condensation.ResultsThe experiences of the ten participants were encapsulated by the main theme: ‘The situation and the uncertainty about the coming result scared me but interaction with the radiographers helped me through’. Subthemes were ‘Prescan preparation’, ‘Mastering threats to self‐control’ and ‘Personal achievements by completing the scan’.ConclusionsOur study has provided a deeper understanding of the expectations before, and experiences during, a head‐first magnetic resonance imaging scan. Valuable insight into patients' apprehension about written and verbal information was obtained. The patients reported how they coped with the unfamiliar and stressful magnetic resonance imaging scanning procedure. A trustful dialogue with the radiographer was described as being crucial for patients' ability to manage fear, discomfort and feelings of loss of self‐control. We suggest a need for individualised information based on patient participation.Relevance to clinical practiceRadiographers, as well as nurses caring for patients who will undergo magnetic resonance imaging examinations, should recognise the difficulties inherent in written information. It is also of importance to adjust the patient–radiographer interaction to address patients' expressions of worries about the scanning procedure or the following result.
1p36.22 region containing PGD gene is frequently gained in human cervical cancer
Authors: Lee Maria , Nam Eun Sook , Jung Seung‐Hyun , Kim Soon Young , Lee Sung‐Jong , Yoon Joo Hee , Lee Nak Woo , Jeon Seob , Choi Joong Sub , Cho Chi‐Heum , Moon Yong , Chung Yeun‐Jun , Kwon Yongil 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo identify commonly occurring DNA copy number alterations in Korean cervical cancers.MethodsDNA copy number alteration was screened by whole‐genome array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis. For the array CGH discovery, genomic DNA from five cervical cancers and 10 normal cervical tissues were examined. For the independent validation of the most significant chromosomal alteration (1p36.22, PGD gene), 40 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded cervical tissue samples were collected; 10 of them were used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the other 30 samples were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Chromosomal segments differently distributed between cancers and normal controls were determined to be recurrently altered regions (RAR).ResultsA total of 13 RAR (11 RAR losses and two RAR gains) were defined in this study. Of the 13 cervical cancer‐specific RAR, RAR gain in the 1p36.22 locus where the PGD gene is located was the most commonly detected in cancers (P = 0.004). In the quantitative polymerase chain reaction replication, copy number gain of the PGD gene was consistently identified in cervical cancers but not in the normal tissues (P = 0.02). In immunohistochemical analysis, PGD expression was significantly higher in cervical cancers than normal tissues (P = 0.02).ConclusionOur results will be helpful to understand cervical carcinogenesis, and the PGD gene can be a useful biomarker of cervical cancer.
Complications with Angio‐Seal™ Vascular Closure Devices Compared with Manual Compression after Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: GREGORY DEBORAH , MIDODZI WILLIAM , PEARCE NEIL 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study assessed and compared vascular complications in CATHs and PCIs using an Angio‐Seal™ vascular closure device (VCD) versus manual compression (MC).MethodsSecondary data analysis of a population‐based multiyear cohort database was conducted to compare femoral access‐related vascular outcomes in cardiac procedures using VCD and MC between May 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. The primary outcome was any vascular complication. Propensity score adjusted analysis was conducted to reduce bias associated with covariate imbalance between the groups compared.ResultsOf the 11,897 procedures, 7,063 (59.4%) used a VCD. Vascular complications occurred in 174/8,796 (2.0%) of CATHs and 82/3,004 (2.7%) of PCIs. In the CATH sample, the odds of vascular complication were 57% lower if a VCD was used (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.31–0.60). For the PCI sample, the risk was 49% lower if a VCD was used (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.81).ConclusionsA low incidence of vascular complications was observed with the use of an Angio‐Seal VCD relative to MC for both procedures.
Influence of gag reflex on dental attendance, dental anxiety, self‐reported temporomandibular disorders and prosthetic restorations
Authors: Akarslan Z. Z. , Yıldırım Biçer A. Z. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryTo assess the influence of gag reflex severity, assessed according to the short form of the patient part of Gagging Problem Assessment Questionnaire (GPA‐pa SF), on the dental attendance, dental anxiety, self‐reported temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms and presence of prosthetic restorations among patients requiring prosthodontic treatment in Turkey. A total of 505 patients (305 women; mean age: 46·35 years, SD: 28·2 years) undergoing dental examination were administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding their age, gender, education level, dental attendance, TMD symptoms (limitation in jaw opening, muscle pain, pain/sounds in the temporomandibular jaw), the Turkish version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and the GPA‐pa SF. Subsequently, any prosthetic restoration was recorded by a dentist. Descriptive statistics, one‐way analysis of variance (anova) and the chi‐square test were used for statistical analysis. Differences were found between GPA‐pa SF scores 0, 1 and 2 for education level (P = 0·001), MDAS scores (P = 0·003), self‐reported TMD (P = 0·000) and prosthesis wear (P = 0·000), but not for attendance patterns (P = 0·826). Patients with gag reflex had lower education levels, higher levels of dental anxiety, more self‐reported TMD symptoms and fewer fixed or removable prosthetic restorations than patients without gag reflex. Gag reflex has impacts on dental anxiety, self‐reported TMD and prosthetic restorations, but not on dental attendance patterns, according to the results of the GPA‐pa SF.
THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HUMAN CAPITAL: MEASUREMENT OF CONTRIBUTING MECHANISMS
Authors: McHenry Peter 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates how the geographic distribution of human capital—measured as college attainment—evolves over time. With U.S. data, I decompose generation‐to‐generation changes in local human capital into three factors: the previous generation's human capital, intergenerational transmission of skills from parents to their children, and migration of the children. I find significant persistence of local skills at the commuting zone (local labor market) level. Labor market size, climate, and local colleges affect local skill measures. Skills move from urban‐to‐rural labor markets through intergenerational transmission but from rural‐to‐urban labor markets through migration.
IS THE ART MARKET MORE BOURGEOIS THAN BOHEMIAN?
Authors: Schuetz Jenny , Green Richard K. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMost research on the art market focuses on the high end, composed of auction houses and a few well‐known dealers. In this paper, we use a new database to examine the industry structure and location patterns of the New York art market, which consists largely of small, independent, relatively unknown galleries. We find that Manhattan galleries are highly spatially concentrated, and that clustering reflects both agglomeration economies and preferences over location‐specific amenities. New galleries are more likely to open in neighborhoods with existing gallery clusters, and proximity to other galleries increases establishment lifespan. New galleries also locate in neighborhoods with high population density and more affluent households, consistent with location models of luxury retail. The results are not consistent with the hypothesis that galleries locate in cheap, “bohemian” neighborhoods.
Formulation and evaluation of Pheroid vesicles containing mefloquine for the treatment of malaria
Authors: du Plessis Lissinda H , Helena Chrizaan , van Huysteen Este , Wiesner Lubbe , Kotzé Awie F 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Mefloquine (MQ) is an antimalarial drug with high efficacy, often used in the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of malaria. However, it has low solubility in water, a long elimination half-life (4 days), and is neurotoxic, which leads to unwanted side effects.

Methods
We investigated a lipid-based drug delivery system, Pheroid vesicles, in combination with MQ (Pheroid MQ), to promote future clinical use. MQ was incorporated into Pheroid vesicles and the formulations characterized. The formulations were evaluated in terms of in-vitro efficacy and toxicity. In-vivo bioavailability studies were conducted in C57 BL6 mice.

Key findings
The vesicles incorporated MQ with ∼63% entrapment efficiency. The IC50 values of MQ after 48-h incubation in chloroquine-resistant (RSA11) and chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strains, were reduced by ∼50% and ∼30% respectively. In-vivo bioavailability study revealed no change in the pharmacokinetic parameters of MQ, and the incorporation of the drug in Pheroid vesicles reduced the in-vitro haemolytic activity by ∼75%. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity against human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) of the free drug was reduced by ∼64% with Pheroid MQ.

Conclusions
Pheroid vesicles may therefore decrease the toxicity of MQ and thereby improve its therapeutic index, a strategy that may provide an effective alternative for malaria chemoprophylaxis and treatment.
Hepatitis C virus 5′ untranslated region variability correlates with treatment outcome
Authors: Bukowska‐Ośko I. , Radkowski M. , Pawełczyk A. , Rosinska M. , Caraballo Cortés K. , Płoski R. , Berak H. , Horban A. , Stanczak J. , Fic M. , Laskus T. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) variability affects viral–host interactions. We analysed HCV 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from chronic hepatitis C patients undergoing antiviral treatment. We studied 139 patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The primary endpoint was a sustained virological response (SVR) defined as negative HCV RNA level 24 weeks after the end of therapy. 5′UTR was analysed by single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. The pretreatment SSCP pattern in serum and PBMC differed in 26 (18.7%) patients. During therapy, the SSCP pattern remained stable in 65 (60.8%) patients, number of bands declined in 16 (15.0%), and in 18 (16.8%) patients, changes were qualified as ‘shift’ indicating change in band positions. In univariate analysis, there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive association between SVR and pretreatment serum and PBMC dissimilarities, initial viral load <106 IU/mL, IL‐28B CC genotype of the rs12979860 single nucleotide polymorphism and change in the SSCP band pattern (either ‘shift’ or decline) In multivariable analysis, only low initial viral load, IL‐28B genotype, and changes in the SSCP band pattern were independent factors associated with SVR. In conclusion, stability of 5′UTR correlated with infection persistence, while changes correlated with SVR.
Taking risks with literature: an exploration into the resilience of pupil responses to the study of a challenging text at GCSE
Authors: Erricker Katherine 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article explores and compares the impact of studying a challenging literary text at GCSE on pupils with and without learning difficulties. It is based on the findings of a qualitative classroom‐based research project that analysed taped pupil conversations to measure the resilience of the response of secondary school students to reading Shakespearean texts. The data gathered from questionnaires and captured conversations in class suggests that pupils with learning difficulties become risk‐averse in their learning because they do not want to experience failure. They demonstrate signs of resilience in their classroom behaviour but are often under‐confident when working independently. Compared with students who are considered more academically able, pupils with learning difficulties find it difficult to negotiate the linguistic complexities of analytical discourse because it differs greatly from their own social lexis. These pupils are struggling to benefit from their encounters with challenging literature because they are not yet fluent scholars and are lacking opportunities to develop a confident critical voice of their own.
Mannosylation in Candida albicans: role in cell wall function and immune recognition
Authors: Hall Rebecca A. , Gow Neil A. R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe fungal cell wall is a dynamic organelle required for cell shape, protection against the environment and, in pathogenic species, recognition by the innate immune system. The outer layer of the cell wall is comprised of glycosylated mannoproteins with the majority of these post‐translational modifications being the addition of O‐ and N‐linked mannosides. These polysaccharides are exposed on the outer surface of the fungal cell wall and are, therefore, the first point of contact between the fungus and the host immune system. This review focuses on O‐ and N‐linked mannan biosynthesis in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans and highlights new insights gained from the characterization of mannosylation mutants into the role of these cell wall components in host–fungus interactions. In addition, we discuss the use of fungal mannan as a diagnostic marker of fungal disease.
Practical Modes of Presentation
Authors: Glick Ephraim 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Intellectualist thesis that know‐how is a kind of propositional knowledge faces a simple problem: For any proposition p, it seems that one could know p without knowing how to do the activity in question. For example, it seems that one could know that w is a way to swim even if one didn't know how to swim oneself. In this paper I argue that this “sufficiency problem” cannot be adequately addressed by appealing to practical modes of presentation.
Profiling functions of ectomycorrhizal diversity and root structuring in seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies) with fast‐ and slow‐growing phenotypes
Authors: Velmala Sannakajsa M. , Rajala Tiina , Heinonsalo Jussi , Taylor Andy F. S. , Pennanen Taina 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWe studied the role of taxonomical and functional ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity in root formation and nutrient uptake by Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings with fast‐ and slow‐growing phenotypes.Seedlings were grown with an increasingECMfungal diversity gradient from one to four species and sampled before aboveground growth differences between the two phenotypes were apparent.ECMfungal colonization patterns were determined and functional diversity was assayed via measurements of potential enzyme activities of eight exoenzymes probably involved in nutrient mobilization.Phenotypes did not vary in their receptiveness to differentECMfungal species. However, seedlings of slow‐growing phenotypes had higher fine‐root density and thus more condensed root systems than fast‐growing seedlings, but the potential enzyme activities of ectomycorrhizas did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively.ECMspecies richness increased host nutrient acquisition potential by diversifying the exoenzyme palette. Needle nitrogen content correlated positively with high chitinase activity of ectomycorrhizas.Rather than fast‐ and slow‐growing phenotypes exhibiting differing receptiveness toECMfungi, our results suggest that distinctions in fine‐root structuring and in the belowground growth strategy already apparent at early stages of seedling development may explain later growth differences between fast‐ and slow‐growing families.
Variable Selection in Cross‐Section Regressions: Comparisons and Extensions
Authors: Deckers Thomas , Hanck Christoph 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCross‐section regressions often examine many candidate regressors. We use multiple testing procedures (MTPs) controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) — the expected ratio of false to all rejections — so as not to erroneously select variables because many tests were performed, yielding a simple model selection procedure. Simulations comparing the MTPs with other common model selection criteria demonstrate that, for conventional tuning parameters of the selection procedures, only MTPs consistently control the FDR, but have slightly lower power. In an empirical application to growth, MTPs and PcGets/Autometrics identify similar growth determinants, which differ somewhat from those obtained by Bayesian Model Averaging.
Recovery of benthic marine communities from the end‐Permian mass extinction at the low latitudes of eastern Panthalassa
Authors: Hofmann Richard , Hautmann Michael , Brayard Arnaud , Nützel Alexander , Bylund Kevin G. , Jenks James F. , Vennin Emmanuelle , Olivier Nicolas , Bucher Hugo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBased on the quantitative community analysis using species‐level identifications, we track the restoration of benthic ecosystems after the end‐Permian mass extinction throughout the Lower Triassic of the western USA. New data on the palaeoecology of the Thaynes Group and Sinbad Formation are provided, which fill a gap between the recently studied palaeoecology of the Griesbachian–Dienerian Dinwoody Formation and the Spathian Virgin Formation. In the Sinbad Formation and Thaynes Group, 17 species (12 genera) of bivalves, 7 species and genera of gastropods and 2 species and genera of brachiopods are recognized. The new bivalve genus Confusionella (Pteriidae) is described. A comprehensive review of the whole Lower Triassic succession of benthic ecosystems of the western USA indicates that mid‐ and inner shelf environments show incipient recovery signals around the Griesbachian–Dienerian transition, during the Smithian and, most profound, during the early Spathian. Ecological data from youngest strata of the Dinwoody Formation as well as stratigraphic ranges of species suggest that the late Dienerian was likely a time interval of environmental stress for benthic ecosystems. Despite some evidence for short‐term environmental disturbances (e.g. shift of dominant taxa, transient drop in alpha‐diversity) during the Smithian–Spathian transition, benthic ecosystems did not show any notable taxonomic turnover at that time, in contrast to the major crisis that affected ammonoids and conodonts. Whereas alpha‐diversity of benthic communities generally increased throughout the Early Triassic, beta‐diversity remained low, which reflects a persistently wide environmental range of benthic species. This observation is in accordance with a recently proposed model that predicts a time lag between increasing within‐habitat diversity (alpha‐diversity) and the onset of taxonomic differentiation between habitats (beta‐diversity) during biotic recoveries from mass extinction events. The observation that beta‐diversity had not significantly increased during the Early Triassic might also provide an explanation for the comparably sluggish increase in benthic diversity during that time, which has previously been attributed to persistent environmental stress.
Cryptochrome 1 regulates growth and development in Brassica through alteration in the expression of genes involved in light, phytohormone and stress signalling
Authors: SHARMA POOJA , CHATTERJEE MITHU , BURMAN NAINI , KHURANA JITENDRA P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe blue light photoreceptors cryptochromes are ubiquitous in higher plants and are vital for regulating plant growth and development. In spite of being involved in controlling agronomically important traits like plant height and flowering time, cryptochromes have not been extensively characterized from agriculturally important crops. Here we show that overexpression of CRY1 from Brassica napus (BnCRY1), an oilseed crop, results in short‐statured Brassica transgenics, likely to be less prone to wind and water lodging. The overexpression of BnCRY1 accentuates the inhibition of cell elongation in hypocotyls of transgenic seedlings. The analysis of hypocotyl growth inhibition and anthocyanin accumulation responses in BnCRY1 overexpressors substantiates that regulation of seedling photomorphogenesis by cry1 is dependent on light intensity. This study highlights that the photoactivated cry1 acts through coordinated induction and suppression of specific downstream genes involved in phytohormone synthesis or signalling, and those involved in cell wall modification, during de‐etiolation of Brassica seedlings. The microarray‐based transcriptome profiling also suggests that the overexpression of BnCRY1 alters abiotic/biotic stress signalling pathways; the transgenic seedlings were apparently oversensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and mannitol.
Dramatic Shift in the Infantile Hemangioma Treatment Paradigm at a Single Institution
Authors: Gomulka Jennifer , Siegel Dawn H. , Drolet Beth A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHistorically the first line of treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IHs) has been oral corticosteroids, but because of recent discoveries recognizing the effectiveness of oral and topical beta‐blockers, IH management is dynamically changing. With these new treatment options, some physicians are altering the way they manage IHs despite having little evidence‐based data on the treatment methods. Highlighting treatment changes at a single large tertiary pediatric referral center, we conclude that despite the numerous studies already published on this topic, more reliable prospective studies are needed to determine the safety, efficacy, and best treatment algorithms for the use of topical and oral beta‐blockers for the treatment of IHs.
Bullous Dermolysis of the Newborn: Four New Cases and Clinical Review
Authors: Radkevich‐Brown Olga , Shwayder Tor 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBullous dermolysis of the newborn (BDN) is a subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by mutations in type VII collagen resulting in disorganized anchoring fibrils and sublamina densa blister formation. Disease activity is usually confined to the first year of life, with restoration of physiologic type VII collagen localization. We report four new cases of BDN and review the utility of immunofluorescence mapping in establishing the diagnosis.