bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory Changes Related to Swallowing in Motor Neurone Disease
Authors: Paterson Megan , Doeltgen Sebastian , Francis Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDysphagia is common in motor neurone disease (MND) and associated with negative health and psychosocial outcomes. Although largely considered a motor disease, a growing body of evidence suggests that MND can also affect the sensory system. As intact sensation is vital for safe swallowing, and sensory changes can influence the clinical management of dysphagia in people living with MND, this review evaluated and summarised the current evidence for sensory changes related to swallowing in MND. Of 3,481 articles originally identified, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 20 studies reported sensory changes, which included laryngeal sensation, taste, gag reflex, cough reflex, tongue sensation, smell, palatal and pharyngeal sensation, silent aspiration, and undefined sensation of the swallowing mechanism. Sensory changes were either described as decreased (n = 16) or heightened (n = 4). In the remaining nine studies, sensory function was reported as unaffected. The presence of changes to sensory function related to swallowing in MND remains inconclusive, although an increasing number of studies report sensory changes in some sensory domains. Future research is needed to evaluate the prevalence of sensory changes in MND and how such changes may influence dysphagia and its management.
Phylogenomics of the pantropical Connaraceae: revised infrafamilial classification and the evolution of heterostyly
Authors: de Vos Jurriaan M. , Streiff Serafin J. R. , Bachelier Julien B. , Epitawalage Niroshini , Maurin Olivier , Forest Félix , Baker William J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConnaraceae is a pantropical family of about 200 species containing lianas and small trees with remarkably diverse floral polymorphisms, including distyly, tristyly, homostyly, and dioecy. To date, relationships within the family have not been investigated using a targeted molecular phylogenetic treatment, severely limiting systematic understanding and reconstruction of trait evolution. Accordingly, their last infrafamilial classification was based only on morphological data. Here, we used phylogenomic data obtained using the Angiosperms353 nuclear target sequence capture probes, sampling all tribes and almost all genera, entirely from herbarium specimens, to revise infrafamilial classification and investigate the evolution of heterostyly. The backbone of the resulting molecular phylogenetic tree is almost entirely resolved. Connaraceae consists of two clades, one containing only the African genus Manotes (4 or 5 species), which we newly recognize at the subfamily level. Vegetative and reproductive synapomorphies are proposed for Manotoideae. Within Connaroideae, Connareae is expanded to include the former Jollydoreae. The backbone of Cnestideae, which contains more than half of the Connaraceae species, remains incompletely resolved. Reconstructions of reproductive system evolution are presented that tentatively support tristyly as the ancestral state for the family, with multiple parallel losses, in agreement with previous hypotheses, plus possible re-gains. However, the great diversity of stylar polymorphisms and their phylogenetic lability preclude a definitive answer. Overall, this study reinforces the usefulness of herbarium phylogenomics, and unlocks the reproductive diversity of Connaraceae as a model system for the evolution of complex biological phenomena.
Experimental metasomatic alteration of titanite in a series of metamorphic fluids at 700 °C and 200 MPa
Authors: Gmochowska Wiktoria , Harlov Daniel , Słaby Ewa , Jokubauskas Petras , Sláma Jiří , Łącki Marcin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeven experiments exploring the reaction of titanite with various hydrothermal solutions have been carried out at 700 °C and 200 MPa for a run duration of 16 days. In experiments involving fluids consisting of NaCl+H2O, KCl+H2O, CaCl2+H2O, 2M NaOH, or 2M KOH, no reaction of the titanite with the fluid was observed other than a slight dissolution of the titanite. Experiments involving NaF+H2O and Ca(OH)2+H2O resulted in visible alteration of the titanite in texture and composition, coupled with the formation of perovskite. In the NaF+H2O experiment, perovskite, enriched with rare earth elements (REE), formed as euhedral to subhedral crystals on the surface of the recrystallized titanite. In the Ca(OH)2+H2O experiment perovskite took in minor amounts of REE, and formed as a reaction rim partially replacing the titanite via a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reaction. Wollastonite, along with minor calcite, and grossular garnet, formed as an outer rim on the perovskite. In the NaF+H2O experiment major and trace elements were leached from the titanite, whereas in the Ca(OH)2+H2O experiment no leaching of major or trace elements was observed. Nb/Ta, Th/U, and Y/Ho were investigated as potential indicators of hydrothermal processes. While the Nb/Ta ratio was altered in the experimentally metasomatised titanite, the degree of alteration was the same for both fluids. In contrast, only small changes in the Th/U and Y/Ho ratios between the altered and original titanite were seen for either experiment. The formation of perovskite at the expense of titanite in NaF+H2O or Ca(OH)2+H2O fluids demonstrates how titanite reacts with these fluids in simple, low silica activity systems under mid to upper crustal P-T conditions.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation can modulate the blink reflex excitability. Effects of a 10- and 20-Hz tACS session on the blink reflex recovery cycle in healthy subjects
Authors: Maccora Simona , Sardo Pierangelo , Giglia Giuseppe , Torrente Angelo , Di Stefano Vincenzo , Brighina Filippo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The blink reflex excitability, assessed through paired electrical stimuli responses, has been modulated using traditional non-invasive neurostimulation techniques. Recently, transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) emerged as a tool to modulate brain oscillations implicated in various motor, perceptual, and cognitive functions. This study aims to investigate the influence of 20-Hz and 10-Hz tACS sessions on the primary motor cortex and their impact on blink reflex excitability.

Materials and methods
Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent 10-min tACS sessions (intensity 1 mA) with active/reference electrodes placed over C4/Pz, delivering 20-Hz, 10-Hz, and sham stimulation. The blink reflex recovery cycle (BRrc) was assessed using the R2 amplitude ratio at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 30 min post-tACS (T2).

Results
Both 10-Hz and 20-Hz tACS sessions significantly increased R2 ratio at T1 (10-Hz: p = 0.02; 20-Hz: p < 0.001) and T2 (10-Hz: p = 0.01; 20-Hz: p < 0.001) compared to baseline (T0). Notably, 20-Hz tACS induced a significantly greater increase in blink reflex excitability compared to sham at both T1 (p = 0.04) and T2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the modulatory effect of tACS on trigemino-facial reflex circuits, with a lasting impact on BRrc. Beta-band frequency tACS exhibited a more pronounced effect than alpha-band frequency, highlighting the influential role of beta-band oscillations in the motor cortex on blink reflex excitability modulation.
Russian olive distribution and invasion dynamics along the Powder River, Montana and Wyoming, USA
Authors: Courtney Karissa , Buczek Catherine , Bywater-Reyes Sharon , Shahin Dahlia , Tian Amy , Andrews Carly , Franklin Scott , Woodward Brian , Cunningham Scott , Vorster Anthony G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe invasive shrub, Russian olive (Elaeagnus augustifolia), is widely established within riparian areas across North America and eastern Europe. Limited information on its distribution and invasion dynamics in northern regions has hampered understanding and management efforts. Given this lack of spatial and ecological information we worked with local stakeholders and developed two main objectives: (1) map the distribution of Russian olive along the Powder River (Montana and Wyoming, United States) as of 2020 with field data and remote sensing; and (2) relate that distribution to environmental variables to understand its habitat suitability and community/invasion dynamics. Field data showed Russian olive has reached near equal canopy cover (18.3%) to native Plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides; 19.1%) and has a broader distribution. At the watershed scale, we modeled Russian olive distribution using field surveys, ocular sampling of aerial imagery, and spectral variables from Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument using a random forest model (RMSE = 15.42, R2 = 0.64). A statistical model linking the resulting Russian olive percent cover detection map to environmental variables for the entire watershed indicated Russian olive cover increased with flow accumulation and decreased with elevation, and was associated with poorer soil types. We attribute the success of Russian olive to its broad habitat suitability combined with changing hydrologic conditions favoring it over natives. The maps of Russian olive cover along the Powder River and its main tributaries in northern Wyoming and southern Montana revealed regions of the watershed with high and low cover, which can guide landscape-scale management prioritization. This study provides a repeatable Russian olive detection method due to the use of Sentinel-2 imagery that is available worldwide and provides insight into Russian olive’s ecological relationships and success with relevance for management across areas with similar environmental conditions.
Association between cardiac time intervals and incident heart failure after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Bjerregaard Caroline Løkke , Olsen Flemming Javier , Skaarup Kristoffer Grundtvig , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Galatius Søren , Pedersen Sune , Iversen Allan , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiac time intervals are sensitive markers of myocardial dysfunction that predispose to heart failure (HF). We aimed to investigate the association between cardiac time intervals and HF in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods
This study included 386 ACS patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients underwent an echocardiography examination a median of two days after PCI. Cardiac time intervals including isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), and systolic ejection time (ET), and myocardial performance index (MPI) were obtained by tissue Doppler echocardiography. The outcome was incident HF.

Results
During follow-up (median 4.3, IQR:1.0-6.7 years), 140 (36%) developed HF. In unadjusted analyses, IVRT was not associated with HF (HR 1.02 (0.95–1.10), p = 0.61, per 10ms increase), and neither was IVCT (HR 0.07 (0.95–1.22), p = 0.26, per 10ms increase). Increasing MPI was associated with a higher risk of HF (HR 1.20 (1.08–1.34), P = 0.001, per 0.1 increase), and so was decreasing ET (HR 1.13 (1.07–1.18), P < 0.001 per 10ms decrease). After multivariable adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, MPI (HR 1.13 (1.01–1.27), P = 0.034) and ET (HR 1.09 (1.01–1.17), P = 0.025) remained significantly associated with incident HF. LVEF modified the association between ET and HF (p for interaction = 0.002), such that ET was associated with HF in patients with LVEF ≥ 36% (HR = 1.15 (1.06–1.24), P = 0.001, per 10ms decrease).

Conclusion
In patients admitted with ACS, shortened ET and higher MPI were independently associated with an increased risk of incident HF. Additionally, ET was associated with incident HF in patients with LVEF above 36%.

Graphical Abstract
Pt/facet-Engineered Hydroxyapatite Co-Catalyst for Highly Efficient Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Kamiya Haruto , Kato Kunihiko , Xin Yunzi , Xu Yuping , Shirai Takashi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) is a promising candidate for a hydrogen-storage material because of its high stability as a solid state at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. This study demonstrated a novel catalyst design for highly efficient hydrolysis of AB by hybridizing Pt catalyst with hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) as an “active support”, possessing Lewis-acidic Ca2+ sites in the a-plane and Lewis-basic PO43- sites in the c-plane. Facet-engineered HAp particles were synthesized via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction using Ca-EDTA chelates. Varying the Ca/P ratio of HAp precursor (from 1.5 to 1.8) affected the particle morphology, exposed facet ratio of {300} to {002}, and the percentage of phosphate anion species (PO43- and HPO42-). The rod-like HAp sole catalysts performed approximately 2-fold higher activity for the hydrolysis of AB, compared with spherical HAp with low crystallinity. Moreover, the Pt/rod-like HAp co-catalyst demonstrated superior catalytic performance with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 623 molH2 molPt-1 min-1 than the Pt/spherical HAp (<232 molH2 molPt-1 min-1). We proposed a possible mechanism of a synergistic effect in the significant enhancement of the hydrogen release rate from AB. Lewis basic PO43- and Lewis acidic Ca2+ sites on HAp would affect preferential adsorption of electron-deficient BH3 and electron-rich NH3 groups in AB, catalyzing cleavage of B-N bonds. Besides, PO43- sites play a critical role in anchoring Pt particles towards electron transfer from Pt to PO43-, resulting in considerable enhancement of catalytic performance in dissociative adsorption of water molecules, which is a rate-determining step in the hydrolysis.

Graphical Abstract
Optical n(p, T90) Measurement Suite 3: Results at $$\lambda = 1542\,\text{nm}$$
Authors: Egan Patrick F. , Yang Yuanchao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSingle-isotherm n(p, T90) results are reported for the gases Ar, N2, H2O, and D2O at vacuum wavelength $$\lambda = 1542.383(1)$$

λ
=
1542.383
(
1
)

nm. The argon and nitrogen isotherms were measured near 303 K; the water isotherms were measured near 373 K. Combined with the two previous articles of this series, the present results beget several insights via dispersion analyses. The argon result is highly consistent with static measurement plus ab initio calculation of dispersion polarizability. The nitrogen result is nominally consistent with one recent experiment and the dipole oscillator strength distributions, but the present work offers a refined estimate of the molar refractivity at optical wavelengths. For ordinary and heavy water, the dispersion trend is nominally consistent with existing liquid measurements. However, water’s absorption features in the near-infrared preclude a reliable comparison of the present result with literature.
Vibrating-Wire Viscometry
Authors: Richter Markus , Trusler J. P. Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe theory and application of the vibrating-wire technique for the measurement of viscosity, as well as both viscosity and density, are reviewed. Theory is presented in the form of practical working equations and well-established limitations on their ranges of validity. The cases of both transient and steady-state excitation of the vibrating wire are considered in detail. For the steady-state mode, we describe a variant of the method in which the density is also measured. Practical details including wire materials, magnet systems and instrumentation are discussed, and several design examples from the literature are reviewed. Relative uncertainties in vibrating-wire viscometry vary from, at best, 0.2 % to about 2 % at 95 % confidence. In an appropriately designed instrument, density can be measured simultaneously with a relative uncertainty of about 0.2 %.
From 20 to 2? Landmark-based geometric morphometrics reveal negligible wing-shape divergence between 20 subspecies of the Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), in the Carpatho-Pannonian region
Authors: Takáts Kornél , Csősz Sándor , Szövényi Gergely , Katona Gergely , Domagała Paweł J. , Herczeg Gábor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor effective conservation management of endangered taxa, it is important to define operational units for conservation. In the absence of detailed genetic analyses, morphology-based taxonomy is often used as a surrogate. The Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo, is one of the most endangered butterfly species in Europe (considered as a flagship species) with 26 subspecies rank taxa described from the Carpatho-Pannonian region (Central Europe), often based on old, one-by-one descriptions. We applied landmark-based geometric morphometrics on wing shape to determine the number of morphologically distinguishable groups in the region, based on 949 males and 477 females from 20 Carpatho-Pannonian putative subspecies (both extant and potentially extinct). We found a single division between the Eastern Carpathian populations (described as two subspecies: ssp. transsylvanicus and ssp. rosenius) and the rest of the populations (including our outgroup from the Swiss Alps). Since P. apollo was not observed in the Eastern Carpathians in the last two decades, and the currently known extant populations in the Carpatho-Pannonian region are all located in the Northern Carpathians, our results support a single conservation unit in the region. We suggest that (i) extensive monitoring is needed to reveal whether the unique Eastern Carpathian populations have really gone extinct and (ii) more taxonomical/phylogenetic studies on Central European P. apollo are needed for establishing the taxonomy of the species and efficient conservation strategies. We emphasize that modern integrative taxonomy is not only important for clarifying taxonomical issues, but also for providing basis for sound conservation management.
A possible origin of the inverted vertebrate retina revealed by physical modeling
Authors: Oomens Jan M. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe evolutionary origin of the inverted retina in the vertebrate eye is unknown. This paper explores a hypothetical evolutionary scenario that explains the unique orientation of the photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina. The proposed scenario follows the scientific accepted scenario for eye evolution and gradually builds up towards an eye prototype by considering light direction detection and increase in achievable spatial resolution as the driving forces. It suggests that eye retinas developed along two different morphological processes, an evagination process that results in the inverted retina in vertebrate eyes and an invagination process that results in a verted retina in cephalopod eyes. The development of the inverted vertebrate retina and eye prototype morphology is strongly substantiated by physics of vision. The proposed evolutionary sequence for vertebrate eye development is simple and has the full potential to explain the origin of the inverted retina and leads to an eye prototype enabling visual detection and orientation. It allows the emergence of eye structures like, extraocular muscles, tapetum lucidum, biconvex lens, cornea, and pupil. This study supports the suggestion that a primitive inverted retina in the predecessor of vertebrates is of ectodermal origin and available before neurulation occurred.
Climate change adaptation attributes across scales and inter-institutional networks: insights from national and state level water management institutions in India
Authors: Azhoni Adani , Holman Ian , Jude Simon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEffective climate change adaptation requires cohesive inter-institutional networks across different scales, facilitating the sharing of data, information, knowledge, and practices. However, the impact of adaptation attributes across scales is poorly understood due to limited focus on these networks. Based on interviews with 26 institutions operating at the national level (ION) in India and 26 institutions operating within a state (Himachal Pradesh) (IOS), this study analysed adaptation attributes and the inter-institutional networks across the two scales to understand its implications at different scales. IONs have a greater capacity (compared to IOS) to frame guidelines, standards and regulations for practitioners along with better accessibility to resources and information. When coupled with bridging institutions, this can enhance adaptive capacities at other scales. Conversely, learnings from low regret adaptive measures being implemented by IOS are opportunities for informing national policy strategies. While national adaptation strategies and goals can inspire adaptation at lower scales, the currently fragmented inter-institutional network in India reduces the passage and accessibility of data and information, creating a bottleneck for the smooth devolution of adaptation attributes. Recruitment and deployment practices for water officials further entrench silo attitudes, impeding essential data accessibility. Adaptation needs comprehensive networks across vertical, horizontal, and diagonal institutional connections to improve climate risk perception and strategy implementation. Policy measures should consider socio-institutional factors beyond legislative prescriptions.
Efficient removal of Rhodamine-B dye using sulfonated/un-sulfonated three-dimensional mesoporous carbon nitride prepared from KIT-6 template: kinetics, modelling, thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Gokcan Melisa , Koyuncu Dilsad Dolunay Eslek , Okur Mujgan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMesoporous carbon nitride (MCN-K) was prepared using mesoporous KIT-6 material as a template and ethylenediamine and carbon tetrachloride as N and C sources, respectively. The synthesized MCN-K was treated with sulfuric acid under different experimental conditions, thus obtaining sulfonated MCN-KS adsorbents. The effects of initial solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent amount, and temperature on Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye removal were investigated. The XRD, FT-IR, and N2 adsorption–desorption analyses confirmed that the mesoporous carbon nitride structure was successfully synthesized. The high nitrogen content (C/N molar ratio: 4.0) of the MCN-K sample was confirmed by (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur) CHNS elemental analysis. The XPS analysis was used to characterize the chemical states of the C, N and S atoms in the MCN-K and MCN-KS sorbents. It was found that there was not much difference between the removal percentages (93.13–89.92%) obtained in the pH range (4–12) studied. This result was attributed to the zwitter-ion form of Rh-B. The exothermic nature of the adsorption process of Rh-B on the MCN-K sorbent was determined by adsorption experiments performed at different temperatures. Adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir model were 185.2–104.2 mg/g in the studied temperature range. The kinetic behavior of the adsorption process was explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model in terms of both correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.91) and qe (35.59–190.26 mg/g) values. When the percentages of dye removal of the un-sulfonated and sulfonated samples were compared, it was found that sulfonation increased the adsorption rate considerably but did not contribute positively to the dye removal percentage.