bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual‐perennial lifespan variation in Chaenactis douglasii suggests a drought escape strategy in warm‐arid environments
Authors: Amos Cameron H. , Richardson Bryce A. , Barga Sarah , Kilkenny Francis F. , Kasten Dumroese R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremiseIntraspecific variation in drought resistance traits, such as drought escape, appear to be frequent within wild, ruderal forb species. Understanding how these traits are arrayed across the landscape, particularly in association with climate, is critical to developing forbs for wildland restoration programs. Use of forbs is requisite for maintaining biological diversity and ecological services.MethodsUsing 6074 greenhouse‐grown Chaenactis douglasii seedlings from 95 wild, seed‐sourced populations across the western United States, we recorded bolting phenology and estimated genome size using flow cytometry. Mixed‐effects regression models were used to assess whether climate of seed origin was predictive for bolting phenology and genome size.ResultsVariation in bolting, reflecting an annual vs. perennial lifespan in this species, was observed in 8.7% of the plants, with bolting plants disproportionately occurring in locations with warm, arid climates. Populations with increasing heat and aridity were positively correlated with observed bolting (r = 0.61, p < 0.0001). About one‐third (22%) of the total (61%) lifespan variation was attributed to seed source climate and annual heat moisture index, a measure of aridity. Genome size had no significant effect on bolting. Projected climate modeling for mid‐century (2041–2070) supports an increasing occurrence of annual lifespan.ConclusionsOur analyses support a drought escape, bet‐hedging strategy in C. douglasii. Populations exposed to greater aridity exhibited a higher proportion of individuals with an annual lifespan. Drought escape leading to an annual lifespan can affect how seeds are propagated and deployed for climate‐informed restoration.
Effect of Month of Birth on Mean Birth Length in Austrian Newborns Born Between 1984 and 2021
Authors: Waldhoer T. , Kirchengast S. , Yang L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe length of newborns shows seasonal fluctuations, but the patterns of these fluctuations vary greatly. This study analyses the fluctuation in birth length by birth month and temporal changes in Austrian newborns from the 1984 to 2021 birth cohorts.MethodsA total of 2 317 927 singleton‐term births between 1984 and 2021 in Austria were included in this retrospective population‐based cohort study. A strict inclusion criterion was the Austrian citizenship of the mother. The effect of month of birth (MOB) on birth length was estimated using a multivariable linear model adjusting for maternal educational level, newborn sex, gestational age, year of birth (YOB) of the newborn, and parity of the mother.ResultsNewborn length varied by MOB, but there was also a temporal trend. In the birth cohorts up to 2004, the longest newborns were born in February, while from 2008 onward, the longest birth lengths were observed in the summer months.ConclusionIn this Austrian population‐based sample, birth length shows nonrandom fluctuations by birth month. These patterns, however, varied considerably over time.
Logic and Numbers Related to Solar Neutrinos
Authors: Slad L. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, first of all, a number of hidden aspects of the concept of particle oscillations are analyzed. The key element of this concept, which does not comply with the principle of least action, is the notion of a mixture of particles, introduced by Gell–Mann, and Pais for neutral ‐mesons. It is proven that the law of conservation of energy‐momentum in the processes of electron neutrino production does not allow solving the problem of solar neutrinos based on the assumption of Gribov and Pontecorvo about their oscillations. It is established that the consequences of Wolfenstein's equation contradict the results of the SNO and Super‐Kamiokande collaborations and that the assertion by Mikheev and Smirnov on the conversion of solar neutrinos is erroneous. Another part of the work is devoted to a logically clear solution to this problem based on the hypothesis of the existence of a new interaction, the carrier of which is a massless pseudoscalar boson, which has a Yukawa coupling with electron neutrinos and nucleons. At each act of interaction of an electron neutrino with the nucleons of the Sun, caused by such interaction, the handedness of the neutrino changes from left to right and vice versa, and also the neutrino energy decreases. The hypothesis provides good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of the rates of all five observed processes with solar neutrinos. This serves as a significant criterion for both the confidence of such a solution to the problem of solar neutrinos and the confidence of the existence of a new interaction.
Isolable Si=B Analogue of a Vinyl Halide: A Building Block for Facile Access toward Silicon‐Boron Multiple Bonded Species
Authors: Koike Taichi , Sakurata Naoki , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompared to the outstanding development in the synthesis of Si−B single bonded species, borylsilanes and their application to organic synthesis, the chemistry of Si=B double bonded species, borasilenes and boratasilenes have only made little progress, first of all, due to the difficulties in accessing such double bonds. Herein we report the synthesis of the first Si=B analogue of a vinyl halide, a bromoboratasilene, via formal borylene insertion to the coordination sphere of a monoatomic Si(0) complex, using a dihaloborane as the borylene source. The treatment of bromoboratasilene toward neutral or anionic Lewis bases gives access to new boratasilenes, all of which were proved to possess significant Si=B double bond character by XRD analysis and DFT calculations. These results demonstrate exciting strategies to synthesize new types of Si=B double bonded species which should further progress the chemistry of boron, silicon‐containing molecules.
Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Overall Splitting of Pure Water in a Porous Microreactor
Authors: Duanmu Chuansong , Wang Tingwei , Meng Xin‐Yu , Li Jin‐Jin , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Pan Yun‐Xiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic overall splitting of pure water (H2O) without sacrificial reagent to hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) holds a great potential for achieving carbon neutrality. Herein, by anchoring cobalt sulfide (Co9S8) as cocatalyst and cadmium sulfide (CdS) as light absorber to channel wall of a porous polymer microreactor (PP12), continuous violent H2 and O2 bubbling productions from photocatalytic overall splitting of pure H2O without sacrificial reagent is achieved, with H2 and O2 production rates as high as 4.41 and 2.20 mmol h−1 gcat.−1 respectively. These are significantly enhanced than those in the widely used stirred tank‐type reactor in which no O2 is produced and H2 production rate is only 0.004 mmol h−1 gcat.−1. Besides improved charge separation and interaction of H2O with photocatalyst in PP12, bonding interaction of Co9S8 with PP12 creates abundant catalytic active sites for simultaneous productions of H2 and O2, thus leading to the significantly enhanced H2 and O2 bubbling productions in PP12. This offers a new strategy to enhance photocatalytic overall splitting of pure H2O without sacrificial reagent.
Traceless Nucleophile Strategy for C5‐Selective C−H Sulfonylation of Pyridines
Authors: Kim Jieun , Kim Ye‐Eun , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe functionalization of pyridines is crucial for the rapid construction and derivatization of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Conventional functionalization approaches have primarily focused on the ortho‐ and para‐positions, while achieving precise meta‐selective functionalization, particularly at the C5 position in substituted pyridines, remains a formidable challenge due to the intrinsic electronic properties of pyridines. Herein, we present a new strategy for meta‐ and C5‐selective C−H sulfonylation of N‐amidopyridinium salts, which employs a transient enamine‐type intermediate generated through a nucleophilic addition to N‐amidopyridinium salts. This process harnesses the power of electron donor‐acceptor complexes, enabling high selectivity and broad applicability, including the construction of complex pyridines bearing valuable sulfonyl functionalities under mild conditions without the need for an external photocatalyst. The remarkable C5 selectivity, combined with the broad applicability to late‐stage functionalization, significantly expands the toolbox for pyridine functionalization, unlocking access to previously unattainable meta‐sulfonylated pyridines.
Synthesis of PVA–MWCNTs–UMCNOs–starch crosslinked nanocomposite biodegradable films for the removal of methylene blue and Congo red dyes from wastewater
Authors: Dwivedi Parul , Rathore Ashwani Kumar , Srivastava Deepak , Vijayakumar R. P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlastic waste and wastewater are indeed significant environmental issues that have wide‐ranging impacts on ecosystems, human health, and the economy. This study outlines the synthesis of biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–starch polymeric films incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) derived from plastic waste and unzipped carbon nanotubes oxides (UMCNOs) as co‐filled nanomaterials. These films were formulated based on data generated using a mixture design method in Design Expert 13 software, resulting in the synthesis of 19 films utilizing five types of PVA–starch polymer solutions (Types A–E). The synthesized films underwent characterization to study their surface morphology via scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Subsequently, the films were individually subjected to vacuum filtration, through which cationic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye Congo red (CR) were passed in batches. The highest removal efficiency of 96.43% for MB dye was achieved, accompanied by an exceptionally high flux of 3146.78 LMH. Similarly, the maximum removal of 88.08% for CR was observed with a flux of 1512.66 LMH. The renewable active sites mechanism resulted in increased dye removal with every cycle. Results indicated efficient reusability, particularly when washed with ethanol–water solution.
A novel thermosensitive porous imprinted polymer for selectively separating ReO4− based on Pickering‐like emulsion polymerization
Authors: Bu Xianhang , Chen Zhengcan , Lin Xiaoyu , Xu Wan , Sun Yuanjun , Ou Xiaojian , Sun Yuan , Chen Zhenbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we combined the imprinting technique, temperature‐sensitive polymer, and Pickering emulsion polymerization to prepare a temperature‐sensitive porous imprinted polymer. First, the temperature‐sensitive block polymer PDEA‐b‐P (DEA‐co‐AM) was prepared by reversible‐addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and then a temperature‐sensitive porous ReO4− imprinted polymer (ReO4−‐TPIP) was prepared using the Pickering‐like polymerization technique, which was introduced to the preparation of the imprinted polymer. The structure and morphology of the polymer were characterized by FTIR, SEM‐EDS, and BET. The adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption (Q), separation (R), and desorption (D) of ReO4−‐TPIP were 0.1568 mmol/g, 3.41, and 85.22%, respectively, and the adsorption equilibrium could be reached after 120 min, which decreased to 0.1212 mmol/g, 1.23, and 70.01% after repeated use for 11 times. These results indicate that ReO4−‐TPIP has good adsorption and reusability properties. The adsorption studies showed that ReO4−‐TPIP conformed to the zero‐level kinetic model in the pre‐adsorption stage, the quasi‐one‐level kinetic model in the late stage, and the isothermal adsorption process conformed more to the Langmuir model. In addition, in the secondary leach solution of high‐temperature alloys, the purity of rhenium in the solution increased from 35.4119% to 53.4812% after one adsorption/desorption cycle. The prepared ReO4−‐TPIP provides a new material and strategy for the selective separation and purification of rhenium in complex rhenium‐containing solutions for the industry.
Carbon nanotube functionalization supports mechanical, tribological, and biological response of freeze‐dried ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene‐based bio‐composites
Authors: Rani Pooja , Singh Indrajeet , Khare Deepak , Balani Kantesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcetabular cup liners made of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), in hip implants fail mostly due to wear debris generation and poor wear resistance. Consequently, strengthening UHMWPE becomes essential. The current work exhibits how the addition of 5 vol% carbon nanotubes (CNT) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNT) in UHMWPE (denoted as U) affects the mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) and tribological properties (wear resistance) of biocomposites. To form a composite, powders were mixed using a planetary centrifugal mixer followed by freeze‐drying to disperse‐CNTs, followed by its compression molding at 220°C for 1 h at 10 MPa. With the addition of CNT and fCNT, ≥95% densification was obtained for all samples resulting an increase in hardness and elastic modulus from 74.96 MPa to 168.11 MPa (124%) and 1.65 GPa to 2.96 GPa (79%), respectively, which led to the reduction in wear rate from 12.5 × 10−5 mm3/Nm (U) to 2.5 × 10−5 mm3/Nm (UfCNT). The amount of apatite formation enhanced from U (58.2%) to UfCNT (65.1%) is confirmed via X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cell proliferation studies have validated the cytocompatible efficacy of U‐CNT composites with osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells, making UfCNT as potential material for acetabular cup liners.
Rethinking Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Sustainable Approach vs. Traditional Methods
Authors: Jain Kavya , Takuli Anshika , Gupta Tejendra K. , Gupta Deepshikha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review portrays a comparison between green protocols and conventional nanoparticle (NP) synthesis strategies, highlighting each method's advantages and limitations. Various top‐down and bottom‐up methods in NP synthesis are described in detail. The green chemistry principles are emphasized for designing safe processes for nanomaterial synthesis. Among the green biogenic sources plant extracts, vitamins, enzymes, polysaccharides, fungi (Molds and mushrooms), bacteria, yeast, algae, and lichens are discussed. Limitations in the reproducibility of green protocols in terms of availability of raw material, variation in synthetic protocol, and selection of material due to geographical differences are elaborated. Finally, a conclusion is drawn utilizing green chemical principles, & a circular economy strategy to minimize waste generation, offering a promising framework for the synthesis of NPs emphasizing sustainability.
Metaphor comprehension and production in verbally able children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lampri Stella , Peristeri Eleni , Marinis Theodoros , Andreou Maria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch in the field of figurative language processing in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has demonstrated that autistic individuals experience systematic difficulties in the comprehension of different types of metaphors. However, there is scarce evidence regarding metaphor production skills in ASD. Importantly, the exact source of metaphor processing difficulties in ASD remains largely controversial. The debate has mainly focused on the mediating role of structural language skills (i.e., lexical knowledge) and cognitive abilities (i.e., Theory of Mind and executive functions) in ASD individuals' ability to comprehend and generate metaphors. The present study examines metaphor comprehension and production in 18 Greek‐speaking verbally able children with ASD and 31 typically‐developing (TD) controls. Participants completed two tasks, namely, a low‐verbal multiple‐choice sentence‐picture matching task that tested their ability to comprehend conventional predicate metaphors, and a sentence continuation task that assessed their ability to generate metaphors. The study also included measures of fluid intelligence, expressive vocabulary, and working memory within the sample. The results show that the ASD group had significantly lower performance than the TD group in both metaphor comprehension and production. The findings also reveal that expressive vocabulary skills were a key factor in the metaphor comprehension and production performance of the children with ASD. Working memory capacity was also found to correlate significantly with metaphor comprehension performance in the ASD group. Conversely, no correlations were found in the TD group with neither of the above factors. Of note, children with ASD generated significantly more inappropriate responses and no‐responses to the metaphor production task compared with the control group. The overall results reveal that children with ASD had difficulty with both comprehending and using metaphorical language. The findings also indicate that TD children may employ diverse cognitive strategies or rely on different underlying skills when processing metaphors compared with children with ASD.
Adaptive Multiple Comparisons With the Best
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Brannath Werner , Futschik Andreas 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSubset selection methods aim to choose a nonempty subset of populations including a best population with some prespecified probability. An example application involves location parameters that quantify yields in agriculture to select the best wheat variety. This is quite different from variable selection problems, for instance, in regression.Unfortunately, subset selection methods can become very conservative when the parameter configuration is not least favorable. This will lead to a selection of many non‐best populations, making the set of selected populations less informative. To solve this issue, we propose less conservative adaptive approaches based on estimating the number of best populations. We also discuss variants of our adaptive approaches that are applicable when the sample sizes and/or variances differ between populations. Using simulations, we show that our methods yield a desirable performance. As an illustration of potential gains, we apply them to two real datasets, one on the yield of wheat varieties and the other obtained via genome sequencing of repeated samples.
Biosensor‐based active ingredient recognition system for screening potential small molecular Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry blockers targeting the spike protein from Rugosa rose
Authors: Yu Wei , Yi Sheng‐Zhe , Jiang Cheng‐Yu , Guan Jia‐Wei , Xue Rui , Zhang Xu‐Xuan , Zeng Tao , Tang Hui , Chen Wen , Han Bo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe traditional formulation Hanchuan zupa granules (HCZPs) have been widely used for controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, its active components remain unknown. Here, HCZP components targeting the spike receptor‐binding domain (S‐RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 were investigated using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor‐based active ingredient recognition system (SPR‐AIRS). Recombinant S‐RBD proteins were immobilized on the SPR chip by amine coupling for the prescreening of nine HCZP medicinal herbs. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) identified gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) from Rosa rugosa as S‐RBD ligands, with KD values of 2.69 and 0.95 μM, respectively, as shown by SPR. Molecular dynamics indicated that GA formed hydrogen bonds with G496, N501, and Y505 of S‐RBD, and MG with G496 and Y505, inhibiting S‐RBD binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). SPR‐based competition analysis verified that both compounds blocked S‐RBD and ACE2 binding, and SPR demonstrated that GA and MG bound to ACE2 (KD = 5.10 and 4.05 μM, respectively), suggesting that they blocked the receptor and neutralized SARS‐CoV‐2. Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus showed that GA and MG suppressed viral entry into 293T‐ACE2 cells. These S‐RBD inhibitors have potential for drug design, while the findings provide a reference on HCZP composition and its use for treating COVID‐19.
Novel machine‐learning prediction tools for overall survival of patients with chondrosarcoma: Based on recursive partitioning analysis
Authors: Yang Xiong‐Gang , Yang Shan‐Shan , Bao Yi , Wang Qi‐Yang , Peng Zhi , Lu Sheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundChondrosarcoma (CHS), a bone malignancy, poses a significant challenge due to its heterogeneous nature and resistance to conventional treatments. There is a clear need for advanced prognostic instruments that can integrate multiple prognostic factors to deliver personalized survival predictions for individual patients. This study aimed to develop a novel prediction tool based on recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) to improve the estimation of overall survival for patients with CHS.MethodsData from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed, including demographic, clinical, and treatment details of patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2018. Using C5.0 algorithm, decision trees were created to predict survival probabilities at 12, 24, 60, and 120 months. The performance of the models was assessed through confusion scatter plot, accuracy rate, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under ROC curve (AUC).ResultsThe study identified tumor histology, surgery, age, visceral (brain/liver/lung) metastasis, chemotherapy, tumor grade, and sex as critical predictors. Decision trees revealed distinct patterns for survival prediction at each time point. The models showed high accuracy (82.40%–89.09% in training group, and 82.16%–88.74% in test group) and discriminatory power (AUC: 0.806–0.894 in training group, and 0.808–0.882 in test group) in both training and testing datasets. An interactive web‐based shiny APP (URL: https://yangxg1209.shinyapps.io/chondrosarcoma_survival_prediction/) was developed, simplifying the survival prediction process for clinicians.ConclusionsThis study successfully employed RPA to develop a user‐friendly tool for personalized survival predictions in CHS. The decision tree models demonstrated robust predictive capabilities, with the interactive application facilitating clinical decision‐making. Future prospective studies are recommended to validate these findings and further refine the predictive model.
Structure‐Activity Relationship of Hydrazinylthiazole‐5‐Carbaldehydes as Potential Anti‐Diabetic Agents
Authors: Siddique choudhry Sabah , Mehmood Hasnain , Haroon Muhammad , Akhtar Tashfeen , Tahir Ehsaan , Ehsan Muhammad , Musa Mustapha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiabetes is an emerging threat to the world due to large number of deaths reported within the last decade. To overcome its spread and complications, herein, we reported synthesis and anti‐diabetic potential of twelve novel 2‐[(arylidenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐carbaldehydes (3 a–l). All compounds have shown good to excellent α‐amylase inhibitory activity, among them ortho substituted analogues, the compound 3 a (IC50=14.6 mM) and 3 l (IC50=17.9 mM) showed excellent inhibition potential due to the strong electron donating nature of the substituents attached at the aryl ring. The compounds 3 a–3 h (IC50=6.70–10.80 ppm) exhibited excellent anti‐glycation potential as compared to standard amino‐guanidine (IC50=11.92 ppm). Almost all the tested compounds are found biocompatible and very safe to the human erythrocyte cells at all tested concentrations. The molecular docking results have found that the binding energy score of all the tested compounds against human serum albumin protein (pdb: 1AO6) is between −5.1827 and −6.8661 kcal/mol which is far better than standard amino‐guanidine (−4.234 kcal/mol).