bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Comparators project: international comparison of 30-day in-hospital mortality by day of the week
Authors: Ruiz Milagros , Bottle Alex , Aylin Paul P 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the association of mortality by day of the week for emergency and elective patients.DesignRetrospective observational study using the international dataset from the Global Comparators (GC) project consisting of hospital administrative data.Setting28 hospitals from England, Australia, USA and the Netherlands during 2009–2012.ParticipantsEmergency and surgical-elective patients.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital deaths within 30 days of emergency admission or of elective surgery.ResultsWe examined 2 982 570 hospital records; adjusted odds of 30-day death were higher for weekend emergency admissions to 11 hospitals in England (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13 on Sunday), 5 hospitals in USA (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24 on Sunday) and 6 hospitals in the Netherlands (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.33 on Saturday). Emergency admissions to the six Australian hospitals showed no daily variation in adjusted 30-day mortality, but showed a weekend effect at 7 days post emergency admission (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22 on Saturday). All weekend elective patients showed higher adjusted odds of 30-day postoperative death; we observed a ‘Friday effect’ for elective patients in the six Dutch hospitals.ConclusionsWe show that mortality outcomes for our sample vary within each country and per day of the week in agreement with previous studies of the ‘weekend effect’. Due to limitations of administrative datasets, we cannot determine the reasons for these findings; however, the international nature of our database suggests that this is a systematic phenomenon affecting healthcare providers across borders. Further investigation is needed to understand the factors that give rise to the weekend effect. The participating hospitals represent varied models of service delivery, and there is a potential to learn from best practice in different healthcare systems.
Decreased faux addenda following standardisation of pathologist practice
Authors: Smith Maxwell L , Wendel-Spiczka Amy J , Zarka Matthew A 
Published: July 2015

AimsWe wanted to improve the quality of histopathology addenda and amendments by introducing standardised nomenclature and procedures.MethodsWe standardised amendment and addenda definitions, implemented a pathologist visual work tool, and evaluated and quantitated all amendments and addenda for 3 months prior to implementation and 17 months after.ResultsIn the 3-month pre-intervention period, 32 of 979 addenda (3.3%) were misused and 18 of 98 amendments (18.4%) were incorrectly classified. In the 17-month post-intervention period, 57 of 5906 addenda (1.0%) were misused and 54 of 752 amendments (7.2%) were incorrectly classified. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001).ConclusionsThe introduction of standardised nomenclature and a visual work tool significantly improved the quality of histopathology addenda and amendments.
Équation de Fermat et nombres premiers inertes
Authors: Kraus Alain 
Published: July 2015

Soient K un corps de nombres et p un nombre premier ≥ 5. Notons μp le groupe des racines p-ièmes de l'unité. On définit p comme étant K-régulier si p ne divise pas le nombre de classes du corps K(μp). Sous l'hypothèse que p est K-régulier et inerte dans K, on établit le second cas du théorème de Fermat sur K pour l'exposant p. On utilise pour cela des arguments classiques, ainsi que le théorème de Faltings selon lequel une courbe de genre au moins deux sur K n'a qu'un nombre fini de points K-rationnels. De plus, si K est un corps quadratique imaginaire, distinct de [Formula: see text], on en déduit un énoncé permettant souvent en pratique de démontrer le théorème de Fermat sur K pour un exposant K-régulier donné. Mots-clés: Théorème de Fermat; corps de nombres. Let K be a number field and p a prime number ≥5. Let us denote by μp the group of the pth roots of unity. We define p to be K-regular if p does not divide the class number of the field K(μp). Under the assumption that p is K-regular and inert in K, we establish the second case of Fermat's Last Theorem over K for the exponent p. We use in the proof classical arguments, as well as Faltings' theorem stating that a curve of genus at least two over K has a finite number of K-rational points. Moreover, if K is an imaginary quadratic field, other than [Formula: see text], we deduce a statement which allows often in practice to prove Fermat's Last Theorem over K for a given K-regular exponent.
INPP4B Is a Tumor Suppressor in the Context of PTEN Deficiency
Authors: Vo Thanh-Trang T. , Fruman David A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Summary: Enzymes (PI3K and PTEN) controlling cellular levels of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides are known as important drivers or suppressors of tumorigenesis in various cancers. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Kofuji and colleagues and Chew and colleagues identify the lipid phosphatase INPP4B as a context-specific tumor suppressor that controls phosphoinositide levels and AKT2 activation in PTEN-deficient cells. Cancer Discov; 5(7); 697–700. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Kofuji et al., p. 730.
See related article by Chew et al., p. 740.
Targeting MYC Translation in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Castell Alina , Larsson Lars-Gunnar 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Summary: There is a great interest in finding ways to inhibit the expression or activity of the “undruggable” MYC, a master regulator of transcription and one of the most deadly oncoproteins in human cancer. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Wiegering and colleagues find a way of inhibiting translation of MYC in colorectal cancer cells by directly targeting the translation initiation factor eIF4A, resulting in inhibition of MYC-dependent proliferation of colorectal tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Discov; 5(7); 701–3. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Wiegering et al., p. 768.
How Attention Changes in Response to Incentives
Authors: Sawaki Risa , Luck Steven J. , Raymond Jane E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Although the performance of simple cognitive tasks can be enhanced if an incentive is provided, the mechanisms enabling such motivational control are not known. This study sought to uncover how mechanisms of attention and readiness are altered by reward-associated incentive stimuli. We measured EEG/ERP activity as human adults viewed a high- or low-incentive cue, experienced a short preparation interval, and then performed a simple visual search task to gain the predicted reward. Search performance was faster with high versus low incentives, and this was accompanied by distinct incentive-related EEG/ERP patterns at each phase of the task (incentive, preparation, and search). First, and most surprisingly, attention to high but not low incentive cues was actively suppressed, as indexed by a PD component in response to the incentive display. During the subsequent preparation interval, neural oscillations in the alpha frequency range were reduced after high-incentive cues, indicating heightened visual readiness. Finally, attentional orienting to the target in the search array was deployed with relatively little effort on high-incentive trials, as indexed by a reduced N2pc component. These results reveal the chain of events by which the brain's executive control mechanisms respond to incentives by altering the operation of multiple processing systems to produce optimal performance.
The Observed State of the Water Cycle in the Early Twenty-First Century
Authors: Rodell M. , Beaudoing H. K. , L’Ecuyer T. S. , Olson W. S. , Famiglietti J. S. , Houser P. R. , Adler R. , Bosilovich M. G. , Clayson C. A. , Chambers D. , Clark E. , Fetzer E. J. , Gao X. , Gu G. , Hilburn K. , Huffman G. J. , Lettenmaier D. P. , Liu W. T. , Robertson F. R. , Schlosser C. A. , Sheffield J. , Wood E. F. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study quantifies mean annual and monthly fluxes of Earth’s water cycle over continents and ocean basins during the first decade of the millennium. To the extent possible, the flux estimates are based on satellite measurements first and data-integrating models second. A careful accounting of uncertainty in the estimates is included. It is applied within a routine that enforces multiple water and energy budget constraints simultaneously in a variational framework in order to produce objectively determined optimized flux estimates. In the majority of cases, the observed annual surface and atmospheric water budgets over the continents and oceans close with much less than 10% residual. Observed residuals and optimized uncertainty estimates are considerably larger for monthly surface and atmospheric water budget closure, often nearing or exceeding 20% in North America, Eurasia, Australia and neighboring islands, and the Arctic and South Atlantic Oceans. The residuals in South America and Africa tend to be smaller, possibly because cold land processes are negligible. Fluxes were poorly observed over the Arctic Ocean, certain seas, Antarctica, and the Australasian and Indonesian islands, leading to reliance on atmospheric analysis estimates. Many of the satellite systems that contributed data have been or will soon be lost or replaced. Models that integrate ground-based and remote observations will be critical for ameliorating gaps and discontinuities in the data records caused by these transitions. Continued development of such models is essential for maximizing the value of the observations. Next-generation observing systems are the best hope for significantly improving global water budget accounting.
The Observed State of the Energy Budget in the Early Twenty-First Century
Authors: L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Beaudoing H. K. , Rodell M. , Olson W. , Lin B. , Kato S. , Clayson C. A. , Wood E. , Sheffield J. , Adler R. , Huffman G. , Bosilovich M. , Gu G. , Robertson F. , Houser P. R. , Chambers D. , Famiglietti J. S. , Fetzer E. , Liu W. T. , Gao X. , Schlosser C. A. , Clark E. , Lettenmaier D. P. , Hilburn K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
New objectively balanced observation-based reconstructions of global and continental energy budgets and their seasonal variability are presented that span the golden decade of Earth-observing satellites at the start of the twenty-first century. In the absence of balance constraints, various combinations of modern flux datasets reveal that current estimates of net radiation into Earth’s surface exceed corresponding turbulent heat fluxes by 13–24 W m−2. The largest imbalances occur over oceanic regions where the component algorithms operate independent of closure constraints. Recent uncertainty assessments suggest that these imbalances fall within anticipated error bounds for each dataset, but the systematic nature of required adjustments across different regions confirm the existence of biases in the component fluxes. To reintroduce energy and water cycle closure information lost in the development of independent flux datasets, a variational method is introduced that explicitly accounts for the relative accuracies in all component fluxes. Applying the technique to a 10-yr record of satellite observations yields new energy budget estimates that simultaneously satisfy all energy and water cycle balance constraints. Globally, 180 W m−2 of atmospheric longwave cooling is balanced by 74 W m−2 of shortwave absorption and 106 W m−2 of latent and sensible heat release. At the surface, 106 W m−2 of downwelling radiation is balanced by turbulent heat transfer to within a residual heat flux into the oceans of 0.45 W m−2, consistent with recent observations of changes in ocean heat content. Annual mean energy budgets and their seasonal cycles for each of seven continents and nine ocean basins are also presented.
Social relationships, depressive symptoms and suicidality in Korea: Examining mediating and moderating effects in men and women
Authors: Lee Min-Ah 
Published: July 2015

Background: It has been widely recognized that social relationships and depressive symptoms predict suicidality. However, there are few empirical studies examining relationships among these three factors using an integrative approach. Aims: This study aimed to examine the effects of perceived quality of social relationships and depressive symptoms on suicidality and to analyze whether the effect of perceived quality of social relationships on suicidality is mediated by depressive symptoms or whether the perceived quality of social relationships has a moderating effect on the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidality in men and women. Methods: The data were drawn from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey, a nationally representative survey. Multiple regression models and subsample analyses were conducted according to gender. Results: A higher perceived quality of social relationships decreased suicidality while depressive symptoms increased suicidality. The effect of perceived quality of social relationships was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Perceived quality of social relationships also significantly interacted with depressive symptoms, suggesting that the harmful effect of depressive symptoms was ameliorated as perceived quality of social relationships increased. A subsample analysis according to gender, however, indicated a significant gender difference in that the perceived quality of social relationships moderated the effect of depressive symptoms only in women. Conclusion: The findings suggest that enhanced quality of social relationships can protect people from suicidal risk and are more effective for women with depressive symptoms than for men with the same symptoms.
Do low step count goals inhibit walking behavior: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Anson Denis , Madras Diane 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Confirmation and quantification of observed differences in goal-directed walking behavior. Design: Single-blind, split-half randomized trial. Setting: Small rural university, Pennsylvania, United States. Subjects: A total of 94 able-bodied subjects (self-selected volunteer students, faculty and staff of a small university) were randomly assigned walking goals, and 53 completed the study. Interventions: Incentivized pedometer-monitored program requiring recording the step-count for 56-days into a custom-made website providing daily feedback. Main outcome measures: Steps logged per day. Results: During the first half of the study, the 5000 and 10,000 step group logged significantly different steps 7500 and 9000, respectively ( P > 0.05). During the second half of the study, the 5000 and 10,000 step groups logged 7000 and 8600 steps, respectively (significance P > 0.05). The group switched from 5000 to →10,000 steps logged, 7900 steps for the first half and 9500 steps for the second half (significance P > 0.05). The group switched from 10,000 to 5000 steps logged 9700 steps for the first half and 9000 steps for the second half, which was significant ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Levels of walking behavior are influenced by the goals assigned. Subjects with high goals walk more than those with low goals, even if they do not meet the assigned goal. Reducing goals from a high to low level can reduce walking behavior.
Understanding advocacy in action: A qualitative study
Authors: Dhillon Shaminder , Wilkins Seanne , Stewart Debra , Law Mary 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Occupational therapists advocate with/for people with disabilities. In the occupational therapy literature, advocacy is mentioned within the context of specific populations or practice settings and thus there is no consistent way of describing advocacy itself. The objective of this article is to describe advocacy in action for occupational therapists who report engaging in advocacy with/for people with disabilities. Method In this hermeneutic phenomenological study, 13 occupational therapists were interviewed about their advocacy experiences. Data analysis was completed using a Gadamerian-based approach. Findings Advocacy is complex given that the specific tasks, the third party to whom advocacy is directed and the individual(s) advocating with the therapist vary greatly. Many skills used for advocacy are already part of the therapist’s practice, such as defining the problem, acquiring information, communicating and providing education. In this study, occupational therapists describe advocating as assisting clients who are struggling with access to equipment, services or funding. Also, they advocate by fostering the development of self-advocacy, rather than representing people with disabilities on an ongoing basis. Conclusion While these findings provide some insights about how advocacy is currently practiced, a detailed framework is needed to further guide therapists through this complex area of practice.
Cross-dressing as a meaningful occupation: A single case study
Authors: Curtis Morag , Morris Karen 
Published: July 2015

Introduction The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experience of cross-dressing, to raise awareness of cross-dressing and investigate any possible implications for occupational therapy. Method A single design case study utilizing an unstructured interview was used with a male cross-dresser known to the first author. Following transcription, flexible and ongoing analysis was undertaken following an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach and emergent themes resulted in an ongoing literature review. Findings The themes that developed were ‘identity’, ‘dressing’ and ‘conflict’. A complexity of meanings related to cross-dressing also emerged: uncontrollable urge; erotic expression; sexual orientation; and a sense of completeness. Conclusion The findings suggest that cross-dressing is a meaningful occupation and as such influences identity formation and occupational choices. Occupational therapists have a duty of care to this vulnerable and alienated group within society.
Recovery-based services in a psychiatric intensive care unit – the consumer perspective
Authors: Ash David , Suetani Shuichi , Nair Jayakrishnan , Halpin Matthew 
Published: July 2015

Objective: To describe the implementation of recovery-based practice into a psychiatric intensive care unit, and report change in seclusion rates over the period when these changes were introduced (2011–2013). Method: Recovery-based practices including collaborative care, safety care plans, a comfort room, and debriefing after coercive interventions were introduced. A carer consultant was employed. A restraint and seclusion review committee, chaired by a peer worker, was established. A consumer exit interview was introduced and these data were collected, reviewed by staff and the peer worker and used to improve the ward environment. Rates of seclusion were measured during the period when recovery-based practices were introduced. Results: Consumer feedback indicated that positive aspects of the psychiatric intensive care unit included approachable, helpful staff and completion of a safety care plan. Negative aspects included lack of involvement in decisions about admission and about medications, the non-smoking policy, and being placed in seclusion or restraint. There was a significant reduction in the number of consumers secluded and the total number of seclusions. Conclusions: Recovery principles can be successfully introduced in a psychiatric intensive care unit environment. Introduction of recovery based practice was associated with a reduction in seclusion.
Factor Structure of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) Among Emerging Adults
Authors: Bessaha Melissa L. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the 6-item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Methods: A subsample of emerging adults, aged 18–29 ( n = 20,699), from the 2013 National Survey of Drug Use and Health were used in this study. Results: Each of the models (one-factor, two-factor depression and anxiety and second-order two-factor psychological distress by depression and anxiety) demonstrated good fit, with significant loadings on each factor. The second-order two-factor model and the two-factor model were equivalent and a better fit than the one-factor model. Conclusions: Findings suggest that researchers and practitioners may confidently use the K6 to screen for psychological distress symptoms within the emerging adult population.
Radiofrequency ablation of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: trends in management and outcome during a decade at a single center
Authors: Labori Knut Jørgen , Schulz Anselm , Drolsum Anders , Guren Marianne Grønlie , Kløw Nils Einar , Bjørnbeth Bjørn Atle 
Published: July 2015

Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used for treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Purpose To evaluate the effect of increased experience in RFA of CRLM on morbidity and survival, and the trends in patient management and outcomes during the last decade. Material and Methods Hospital records of the initial 52 consecutive patients who underwent RFA (56 procedures/70 lesions) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to time period of treatment, period I (2001–2006: n = 26) and period II (2007–2011: n = 26). Results Concomitant liver resection was performed in 15 patients in each period. Operative morbidity decreased from 47% to 19% ( P = 0.047). Most complications were found in patients who underwent a concomitant liver resection and not related to the ablation per se. Local recurrence rate decreased from 19.4% to 12.9% ( P = 0.526). At least one risk factor for recurrence was found in patients with local recurrence ( n = 11): subcapsular localization ( n = 4), tumor size >3 cm and subcapsular localization ( n = 2), and perivascular localization (portal veins/hepatic veins) ( n = 5). Median overall survival was 32 months in period I and 49 months in period II, whereas estimated 5-year survival was 19% and 36%, respectively ( P = 0.09). Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to four patients (15.4%) in period I and 13 patients (50%) in period II ( P = 0.017). Conclusion RFA alone or in combination with liver resection is a potentially curative treatment to selected patients with CRLM. Over time, the morbidity and survival have improved in RFA of CRLM. Although a possible effect of a learning curve should be taken into consideration in the appraisal of this improvement, it is more likely to be attributable to optimization of indication, development in surgical techniques, and increased use of perioperative chemotherapy.
Light Trapping Enhancement in a Thin Film with 2D Conformal Periodic Hexagonal Arrays
Authors: Yang Xi , Zhou Suqiong , Wang Dan , He Jian , Zhou Jun , Li Xiaofeng , Gao Pingqi , Ye Jichun 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Applying a periodic light trapping array is an effective method to improve the optical properties in thin-film solar cells. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the light trapping properties of two-dimensional periodic hexagonal arrays in the framework of a conformal amorphous silicon film. Compared with the planar reference, the double-sided conformal periodic structures with all feature periodicities of sub-wavelength (300 nm), mid-wavelength (640 nm), and infrared wavelength (2300 nm) show significant broadband absorption enhancements under wide angles. The films with an optimum periodicity of 300 nm exhibit outstanding antireflection and excellent trade-off between light scattering performance and parasitic absorption loss. The average absorption of the optimum structure with a thickness of 160 nm is 64.8 %, which is much larger than the planar counterpart of 38.5 %. The methodology applied in this work can be generalized to rational design of other types of high-performance thin-film photovoltaic devices based on a broad range of materials.