bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen inhibits migration of estrogen receptor‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma cells by blocking the swelling‐activated chloride current
Authors: Mao Jianwen , Yuan Jian , Wang Liwei , Zhang Haifeng , Jin Xiaobao , Zhu Jiayong , Li Hongzhi , Xu Bin , Chen Lixin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTamoxifen is a triphenylethylene non‐steroidal antiestrogen anticancer agent. It also shows inhibitory effects on metastasis of estrogen receptor (EsR)‐independent tumors, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. It was demonstrated in this study that, in EsR‐negative and highly metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells, tamoxifen‐inhibited cell migration, volume‐activated Cl− currents (ICl,vol) and regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in a concentration‐dependent manner with a similar IC50. Analysis of the relationships between migration, ICl,vol and RVD showed that cell migration was positively correlated with ICl,vol and RVD. Knockdown of the expression of ClC‐3 Cl− channel proteins by ClC‐3 shRNA or siRNA inhibited ICl,vol, and cell migration, and these inhibitory effects could not be increased further by addition of tamoxifen in the medium. The results suggest that knockdown of ClC‐3 expression may deplete the effects of tamoxifen; tamoxifen may inhibit cell migration by modulating ICl,vol and cell volume. Moreover, tamoxifen decreased the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and the effects were reversed by the PKC activator PMA. Activation of PKC by PMA could competitively downregulate the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen on ICl,vol. PMA promoted cell migration, and knockdown of ClC‐3 expression by ClC‐3 siRNA abolished the PMA effect on cell migration. The results suggest that tamoxifen may inhibit ICl,vol by suppressing PKC activation; ICl,vol may be an EsR‐independent target for tamoxifen in the anti‐metastatic action on cancers, especially on EsR‐negative cancers. The finding may have an implication in the clinical use of tamoxifen in the treatments of both EsR‐positive and EsR‐negative cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angiopoietin 1 enhances the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal myoblasts
Authors: Lee Eun Hui , Woo Jin Seok , Hwang Ji‐Hye , Park Jae‐Hyeong , Cho Chung‐Hyun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAngiopoietin 1 (Ang1) plays an important role in various endothelial functions, such as vascular integrity and angiogenesis; however, less is known about its function outside of the endothelium. In this study, we examined whether Ang1 has direct effects on skeletal muscle cells. We found that Ang1 exhibited myogenic potential, as it promoted the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of mouse primary skeletal myoblasts. The positive effect of Ang1 on myoblast proliferation could have been mediated by the α7 and β1 integrins. We also found that Ang1 potentiated cellular Ca2+ movements in differentiated myotubes in response to stimuli, possibly through the increased expression of two Ca2+‐related proteins, namely, Orai1 and calmodulin. Ang1 also increased Orai1 and calmodulin expression in mouse hearts in vivo. These results provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms by which Ang1 directly affects the myogenesis of striated muscle. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α enhances the transcription of smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 in an activating protein‐1‐ and runx2‐dependent manner
Authors: Lee Hye‐Lim , Yi TacGhee , Baek Kyunghwa , Kwon Arang , Hwang Hyo Rin , Qadir Abdul S. , Park Hyun‐Jung , Woo Kyung Mi , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo , Kim Gwan‐Shik , Baek Jeong‐Hwa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSmad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Although tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) has been shown to increase Smurf1 expression, the details of the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which TNF‐α stimulates Smurf1 expression in C2C12 and primary cultured mouse calvarial cells. TNF‐α treatment rapidly induced the activation of NF‐κB and MAPKs. Smurf1 induction by TNF‐α was blocked by the inhibition of JNK or ERK, while the inhibition of NF‐κB and p38 MAPK had no effect on Smurf1 induction. TNF‐α treatment or c‐Jun overexpression enhanced the activity of a luciferase reporter that contained a 2.7 kb mouse Smurf1 promoter sequence. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the Smurf1 reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the activating protein‐1 (AP‐1) binding motif at −922 bp on the mouse Smurf1 promoter mediated TNF‐α/JNK/AP‐1‐stimulated Smurf1 transcription. Interestingly, Smurf1 expression was not observed in Runx2‐null mouse calvarial cells. When Runx2 was ectopically expressed in these cells, the basal and TNF‐α‐induced expression of Smurf1 was restored. Overexpression of Runx2 transactivated the Smurf1 promoter in a dose‐dependent manner. Reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the Runx2‐binding motif at −202 bp functioned in Runx2‐mediated Smurf1 expression. ERK activation by TNF‐α treatment or constitutively active MEK1 overexpression increased Smurf1 expression in a Runx2‐dependent manner. These results suggest that the JNK/AP‐1 and ERK/Runx2 signaling pathways mediate TNF‐α‐dependent Smurf1 transcription. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Polymer Degree of Conversion on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms
Authors: Kraigsley Alison M. , Tang Kathy , Lippa Katrice A. , Howarter John A. , Lin‐Gibson Sheng , Lin Nancy J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBiofilm–material interactions are increasingly recognized as critical to success of some materials/devices and failure of others. We use a model system of dental monomers, salivary pellicles, and oral biofilms to demonstrate for the first time that degree of conversion of cross‐linked dimethacrylate polymers alters biofilm metabolic activity. This response is due primarily to leachable release (not surface chemistry) and is complex, with no changes in some biofilm measurements (i.e., biomass), and time‐ and leachable‐dependent responses in others (i.e., metabolic activity). These results highlight the need for considering biofilm‐material interactions when designing/evaluating new materials. magnified image
Low Band Gap Donor‐Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles and their NIR‐mediated Thermal Ablation of Cancer Cells
Authors: MacNeill Christopher M. , Coffin Robert C. , Carroll David L. , Levi‐Polyachenko Nicole H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLow band gap D‐A conjugated PNs consisting of 2‐ethylhexyl cyclopentadithiophene co‐polymerized with 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (for nano‐PCPDTBT) or 2,1,3‐benzoselenadiazole (for nano‐PCPDTBSe) have been developed. The PNs are stable in aqueous media and showed no significant toxicity up to 1 mg · mL−1. Upon exposure to 808 nm light, the PNs generated temperatures above 50 °C. Photothermal ablation studies of the PNs with RKO and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were performed. At concentrations above 100 µg · mL−1 for nano‐PCPDTBSe, cell viability was less than 20%, while at concentrations above 62 µg · mL−1 for nano‐PCPDTBT, cell viability was less than 10%. The results of this work demonstrate that low band gap D‐A conjugated polymers 1) can be formed into nanoparticles that are stable in aqueous media; 2) are non‐toxic until stimulated by IR light and 3) have a high photothermal efficiency. magnified image
MicroRNAs, transforming growth factor beta‐1, and tissue fibrosis
Authors: Bowen Timothy , Jenkins Robert H , Fraser Donald J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs are short noncoding RNA regulators that repress synthesis of their targets post‐transcriptionally. On average, each microRNA is estimated to regulate several hundred protein‐coding genes, and about 60% of proteins are thought to be regulated by microRNAs in total. A subset of these genes, including the key profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1), exhibits particularly strong levels of post‐transcriptional control of protein synthesis, involving microRNAs and other mechanisms. Changes in microRNA expression pattern are linked to profound effects on cell phenotype, and microRNAs have an emerging role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of microRNA biology with a focus on their emerging role in diseases typified by organ fibrosis.
RAFT‐approach to well‐defined telechelic vinyl polymers with hydroxyl terminals as polymeric diol‐type building blocks for polyurethanes
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Hamaguchi Takaaki , Aoyagi Naoto , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new trithiocarbonate 1 bearing two hydroxyl moieties was synthesized and employed as a RAFT agent for radical polymerization of vinyl monomers. 1 mediated RAFT polymerizations of styrene and ethyl acrylate to give the corresponding polymers with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Structural analyses of the polymers with NMR and MALDI‐TOF mass techniques revealed that they were telechelic ones, of which both chain ends were endowed with hydroxyl groups inherited from trithiocarbonate 1. Usefulness of these telechelic polymers as polymeric diol‐type building blocks was demonstrated in their polyaddition with diisocyanates, which gave the corresponding polyurethanes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Electroactive organic anion‐doped polypyrrole as a low cost and renewable cathode for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Min , Xiong Ya , Cao Yuliang , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe demonstrate here a remarkable electrochemical activation of polypyrrole chains by doping with redox‐active diphenylamine sulfonate anions. The organic redox dopant can not only serve as anionic counterions to enhance electrochemical activity of the polymer chains, but also contributes their redox capacity to the material. This organic‐polymer composite exhibits a quite high reversible capacity of 115 mA h g−1, excellent rate capability and cycling stability, capable of serving as a low cost, and renewable cathode for Na‐ion batteries. Since the chemical doping method is simple and easily extendable for a large variety of organic anions and polymer networks, it is possible to adopt this new strategy for creating low cost and electrochemically active polymer materials for widespread electric storage applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Effect of Pulse Rising Time of Pulse dc Voltage on Atmospheric Pressure Non‐Equilibrium Plasma
Authors: Wu S. , Xu H. , Lu X. , Pan Y. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPulse direct current (dc) voltage with different pulse rising time trise have been used to generate atmospheric pressure non‐equilibrium plasmas. However, no quantitative investigation has been reported on how the trise will affect the plasma characteristics. In this paper, the effect of pulse rising time variable from 4 µs to 100 ns on plasma characteristics is investigated. The experimental results show that, when the trise is reduced from 4 µs to 140 ns, the length of the plasma plume increases from less than 20 mm to about 70 mm, the peak value of the discharge current increases from about 0.2 A to 1.3 A. The corresponding breakdown voltage increase from less than 4 kV to about 6 kV and the electron temperature increase from 1.25 eV to 1.55 eV. These results confirm that the shorter the pulse rising time is, the more reactive the plasma is. magnified image
Caution on the storage of waters and aqueous solutions in plastic containers for hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis
Authors: Spangenberg Jorge E. 
Published: October 2012

RATIONALEThe choice of containers for storage of aqueous samples between their collection, transport and water hydrogen (2H) and oxygen (18O) stable isotope analysis is a topic of concern for a wide range of fields in environmental, geological, biomedical, food, and forensic sciences. The transport and separation of water molecules during water vapor or liquid uptake by sorption or solution and the diffusive transport of water molecules through organic polymer material by permeation or pervaporation may entail an isotopic fractionation. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the extent of such fractionation.METHODSSixteen bottle‐like containers of eleven different organic polymers, including low and high density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and perfluoroalkoxy‐Teflon (PFA), of different wall thickness and size were completely filled with the same mineral water and stored for 659 days under the same conditions of temperature and humidity. Particular care was exercised to keep the bottles tightly closed and prevent loss of water vapor through the seals.RESULTSChanges of up to +5‰ for δ2H values and +2.0‰ for δ18O values were measured for water after more than 1 year of storage within a plastic container, with the magnitude of change depending mainly on the type of organic polymer, wall thickness, and container size. The most important variations were measured for the PET and PC bottles. Waters stored in glass bottles with Polyseal™ cone‐lined PP screw caps and thick‐walled HDPE or PFA containers with linerless screw caps having an integrally molded inner sealing ring preserved their original δ2H and δ18O values. The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen stable isotope compositions of the organic polymeric materials were also determined.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study clearly show that for precise and accurate measurements of the water stable isotope composition in aqueous solutions, rigorous sampling and storage procedures are needed both for laboratory standards and for unknown samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and validation of a novel space–earth integrated network management protocol and its simulation
Authors: Zhao Jianli , Sun Qiuxia 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYSpace–earth integrated network (SEIN) consists of the space infrastructure that is composed of multiplex functions and various satellite systems and the ground infrastructure that is composed of many heterogeneous networks connected to each other. Because of the high complexity, heterogeneity, and integrity of SEIN, the traditional ground network management and the current satellite network management architecture are both unsuitable for SEIN. A new SEIN network management protocol is given in this paper, the logical correctness of the protocol is verified using Petri net, and five management primitives are designed in the protocol. This protocol can also be compatible to traditional network protocols with its gateway. The simulation of the protocol shows the merit of a short‐length PDU (Protocol Data Unit) and speedy response time, which is good to the high delay and limited bandwidth of the SEIN.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐Specific Modification of Adeno‐Associated Viruses via a Genetically Engineered Aldehyde Tag
Authors: Liu Yarong , Fang Yun , Zhou Yu , Zandi Ebrahim , Lee Chi‐Lin , Joo Kye‐Il , Wang Pin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs a consequence of their well‐defined nanostructure and intrinsic bioactive functionality, virus‐based nanoparticles have shown promise for mediating gene delivery. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) nanoparticles, which possess an excellent safety profile and therapeutic potential, hold potential for use in human gene therapy. However, because of their native tropisms, the applicability of AAV nanoparticles is often limited to restricted ranges of cells or tissues. Thus, retargeting AAV particles to the desired cell populations has continued to be a major research focus in many gene therapy applications. In this study, a general strategy is reported for nanoparticle targeting. This involves the site‐specific modification of AAV type 2 (AAV2) by genetically incorporating a short peptide, in this case an aldehyde tag, in the viral capsid. Such a tag can be exploited for site‐specific attachment of targeting molecules and allows for further introduction of targeting antibodies or ligands. It is shown that this modification neither affects the level of infectious viral titer nor intracellular trafficking properties. Furthermore, the site‐specific conjugation of targeting antibodies could significantly enhance viral transduction to those target cells that have otherwise exhibited very low permissiveness to AAV2 infection. This method also allows the functional incorporation of RGD peptides onto AAV2 for enhanced delivery with implications for cancer gene therapy.
The TGFbeta Superfamily Signaling Pathway
Authors: Weiss Alexander , Attisano Liliana 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe transforming growth factor (TGF)beta superfamily of secreted factors is comprised of over 30 members including Activins, Nodals, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), and Growth and Differentiation Factors (GDFs). Members of the family, which are found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, are ubiquitously expressed in diverse tissues and function during the earliest stages of development and throughout the lifetime of animals. Indeed, key roles in embryonic stem cell self‐renewal, gastrulation, differentiation, organ morphogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis have been delineated. Consistent with this ubiquitous activity, aberrant TGFbeta superfamily signaling is associated with a wide range of human pathologies including autoimmune, cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases, as well as cancer. TGFbeta superfamily ligands signal through cell‐surface serine/threonine kinase receptors to the intracellular Smad proteins, which in turn accumulate in the nucleus to regulate gene expression. In addition to this universal cascade, Smad‐independent pathways are also employed in a cell‐specific manner to transduce TGFbeta signals. Ligand access to the signaling receptors is regulated by numerous secreted agonists and antagonists and by membrane‐associated coreceptors that act in a context‐dependent manner. Given the fundamental role of the TGFbeta superfamily in metazoans and the diversity of biological responses, it is not surprising that the signaling pathway is subject to tight and complex regulation at levels both outside and inside the cell. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:47–63. doi: 10.1002/wdev.86This article is categorized under:

Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
The CTD code of RNA polymerase II: a structural view
Authors: Jasnovidova Olga , Stefl Richard 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) is not only the fundamental enzyme for gene expression but also the central coordinator of co‐transcriptional processing. RNA pol II associates with a large number of enzymes and protein/RNA‐binding factors through its C‐terminal domain (CTD) that consists of tandem repeats of the heptapeptide consensus Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7. The CTD is posttranslationally modified, yielding specific patterns (often called the CTD code) that are recognized by appropriate factors in coordination with the transcription cycle. Serine phosphorylations are currently the best characterized elements of the CTD code; however, the roles of the proline isomerization and other modifications of the CTD remain poorly understood. The dynamic remodeling of the CTD modifications by kinases, phosphatases, isomerases, and other enzymes introduce changes in the CTD structure and dynamics. These changes serve as structural switches that spatially and temporally regulate the binding of processing factors. Recent structural studies of the CTD bound to various proteins have revealed the basic rules that govern the recognition of these switches and shed light on the roles of these protein factors in the assemblies of the processing machineries. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:1–16. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1138This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Capping and 5' End Modifications
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
Cajal bodies: where form meets function
Authors: Machyna Martin , Heyn Patricia , Neugebauer Karla M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe cell nucleus contains dozens of subcompartments that separate biochemical processes into confined spaces. Cajal bodies (CBs) were discovered more than 100 years ago, but only extensive research in the past decades revealed the surprising complexity of molecular and cellular functions taking place in these structures. Many protein and RNA species are modified and assembled within CBs, which have emerged as a meeting place and factory for ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles involved in splicing, ribosome biogenesis and telomere maintenance. Recently, a distinct structure near histone gene clusters—the Histone locus body (HLB)—was discovered. Involved in histone mRNA 3′‐end formation, HLBs can share several components with CBs. Whether the appearance of distinct HLBs is simply a matter of altered affinity between these structures or of an alternate mode of CB assembly is unknown. However, both structures share basic assembly properties, in which transcription plays a decisive role in initiation. After this seeding event, additional components associate in random order. This appears to be a widespread mechanism for body assembly. CB assembly encompasses an additional layer of complexity, whereby a set of pre‐existing substructures can be integrated into mature CBs. We propose this as a multi‐seeding model of CB assembly. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:17–34. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1139This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colonic Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations
Authors: Gustafsson U. O. , Scott M. J. , Schwenk W. , Demartines N. , Roulin D. , Francis N. , McNaught C. E. , MacFie J. , Liberman A. S. , Soop M. , Hill A. , Kennedy R. H. , Lobo D. N. , Fearon K. , Ljungqvist O. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis review aims to present a consensus for optimal perioperative care in colonic surgery and to provide graded recommendations for items for an evidenced‐based enhanced perioperative protocol.MethodsStudies were selected with particular attention paid to meta‐analyses, randomised controlled trials and large prospective cohorts. For each item of the perioperative treatment pathway, available English‐language literature was examined, reviewed and graded. A consensus recommendation was reached after critical appraisal of the literature by the group.ResultsFor most of the protocol items, recommendations are based on good‐quality trials or meta‐analyses of good‐quality trials (quality of evidence and recommendations according to the GRADE system).ConclusionsBased on the evidence available for each item of the multimodal perioperative care pathway, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society, International Association for Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition (IASMEN) and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) present a comprehensive evidence‐based consensus review of perioperative care for colonic surgery.