bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of faecal bacterial microbiome between semi-captive and wild mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) in northern Mexico
Authors: Pacheco-Torres Irene , Hernández-Sánchez David , Peña Cristina García-De la , Tarango-Arámbula Luis A. , Crosby-Galván María M. , Sánchez-Santillán Paulino 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The mule deer in arid regions of northern Mexico hold ecological and hunting significance. Their gastrointestinal microbiota plays a key role in health and energy extraction. This study characterises and compares the faecal bacterial profile and function of semi-captive (DS) and wild (DW) mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) populations. This was achieved by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional bacterial predictions were evaluated based on Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) analysis. The phyla Firmicutes (DS, 63.8%; DW, 40.4%), Bacteroidetes (DS, 25.4%; DW, 35.5%), and Proteobacteria (DS, 8.8%; DW, 10.7%) were more abundant in all samples, where Firmicutes was more abundant in the DS and Bacteroidetes in DW. Differences were observed in beta diversity between populations, with Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Christensenellaceae and other taxa, contributed to the dissimilarity. A total of 352 metabolic pathways were identified, where cellular metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were the enriched pathways. There were no significant differences in functional pathways between DS and DW populations. Bacterial communities in mule deer are mainly diet-associated, contributing to wildlife microbiome research. These insights have the potential to improve conservation efforts and promote deeper research into the cervid microbiota worldwide.
Understanding HIV Vulnerability Among Women Who Inject Drugs in Mozambique, 2023
Authors: Banze Áuria Ribeiro , Botão Carlos , Muamine Elídio , Condula Manuel , Craveirinha Stélio , Boothe Makini , Seabra Sofia Gonçalves , Craveiro Isabel , Baltazar Cynthia Semá 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Women who inject drugs (WWID) belong to a group of people with high-risk behaviors for contracting HIV. In Mozambique there is still limited coverage of combined HIV prevention strategies among WWIDs. These actions, however, are hampered by the scarcity of data. This study offers a better opportunity to inform the wide range of social, contextual, and individual factors that play a role in the HIV epidemic. At the same time, it will provide crucial explanations about how these diverse factors affect the vulnerability of WWID to HIV in Mozambique.
Methods
A qualitative study was carried out, based on interviews with 18 key informants and 30 others participants in discussions in focus groups totalizing 48 women in representation of five cities in Mozambique in 2023. The study utilized semi-structured interviews, to collect data on the demographic characteristics of the WWID and open-ended questions that explored information regarding stigma, discrimination, challenges in accessing health services, and gender-based violence. Data was analyzed thematically using NVivo.
Results
WWIDs engage in common practices of sharing and renting syringes for injecting drugs. Sex work combined with unprotected sex was identified as a frequent risk behavior. WWIDs encounter stigma and discrimination in the family, street encounters, interactions with police and health facilities. Awareness of harm reduction services varies among WWIDs, with some having limited or no knowledge. Accessing harm reduction services is considered a challenge for some participants. WWIDs face violence from men, including the police, often involving extortion of monetary amounts. Incidents of sexual violence are mentioned, with underreporting being a prevalent problem.
Conclusion
WWIDs engage in HIV-risk practices, driven by financial constraints and often turning to sex work. Stigma affects various aspects of their lives, hindering access to healthcare. Urgent government action is essential to address these challenges, reduce HIV infections, and ensure equitable service access.
Predictors of the Timing of First Antenatal Clinic Attendance among Women of Reproductive Age: Tanzania Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicators-2022
Authors: Senga Fausta , Mwalupani Nsajigwa , Magesa Rehema 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Reducing maternal mortality and improving women's healthcare are crucial objectives of the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which aims to lower the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. The study examined the predictors of Timing of the First ANC Visit among pregnant women.
Methods
This study used TDHS data, the study analyzed descriptive statistics to showcase the distribution of women who booked Antenatal Care (ANC) across different trimesters, followed by a log rank to identify variables to include in the multivariate model. Lastly, the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine factors associated with the timing of the first ANC visits.
Results
The study found that most (66%) of women had initiated their first ANC visits over 3 months while 34% initiated within the recommended 3 months. the timing of the first antenatal care (ANC) visit showed variations based on several factors. the results of the Multivariate Cox-Proportional Hazard Regression analysis model found that Women aged 35–49 took 43.7% longer to initiate ANC than younger women aged 15–24. women with primary (AHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08–1.49, p < 0.003), secondary (AHR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07–1.58, p < 0.007), and higher (AHR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.16–2.080 p < 0.008) had shorter timings for their first ANC visits compared to those with no education. For women who did not perceive distance to the health facility as a significant issue, the timing of their first ANC visit was (AHR: 1.111, 95% CI: 0.98–1.25, p < 0.001) shorter than those who considered distance a big problem. Working women also had a shorter (AHR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.988–1.23, p < 0.08) timing for their first ANC visit than non-working women. Women who listened to the radio at least once a week had a (AHR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99–1.28, p < 0.067) higher hazard ratio for the timing of the first ANC visit compared to those who did not listen at all. Similarly, women who watched television less than once a week had (AHR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.38, p < 0.028) shorter timing for their first ANC visit than non-watchers.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the influence of age, education, perceived distance, employment status, and media habits on the timing of the first ANC visit. The study recommends that the government and stakeholders should continue to Promote Health Literacy by Educating women about the importance of ANC during pregnancy and Utilizing television and radio as powerful tools for disseminating information about ANC.
Effects of neonicotinoid residues in Apis cerana indica bees and bee products: LC-MS/MS analysis and dietary risk assessment in a sunflower field study
Authors: Chandrasekar Sowmiya , Marimuthu Murugan , Angappan Suganthi , Pernamallur Saravanan Ayyaswami , Kaithamalai Bhuvaneswari , Pagalahalli Shanmugam Sankaran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Colony decline has been a global challenge in recent years among the honey bee population, and no exception is Apis cerana indica F., a widely domesticated bee in India. Of the many reasons and factors suggested behind the issue, the use of insecticides is also the most linked. Insecticide residues in honey and pollen endanger honey bees and humans above a specific concentration, thus warranting our establishment of their critical daily pesticide residue exposure levels. This study developed a simple multi-residue method for analyzing neonicotinoids in honey, pollen, and bees using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This method had better linearity (0.005 to 0.5 µg mL− 1), the limit of detection (LOD) (0.002–0.008 µg g− 1), the limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.025 µg g− 1) and recovery (70 to 120%) for the five neonicotinoid analytes. A survey among farm colonies and a controlled field experiment detected neonicotinoid residues (0.025 to 0.456 µg g− 1) in bee products. Field experiments in sunflowers indicated that foraging neonicotinoid-contaminated food increased bee mortality in the descending order of clothianidin > thiamethoxam > imidacloprid > thiacloprid. Neonicotinoids influenced bees' foraging behavior, resulting in lower colony growth measurements (food, brood area, and bee population). Poor-quality seed sets and decreased yield in sunflower due to neonicotinoid-exposed bee colonies' poor field performance. The dietary risk evaluation of neonicotinoid residues in bees and bee products showed moderate to high risk (hazard quotient > 5) for brood and foragers and less than 1 for humans, indicating unacceptable risk to Indian bee colonies but tolerable by humans. Neonicotinoid effects must be further investigated through risk analysis in order to ensure native bees safety while following crop protection activities.
Boolean Byzantine Fault Tolerant Algorithm for Light Weight IoT Consensus
Authors: Sarker Kamal Uddin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Nowadays consensus algorithms are the backbone of fault tolerant systems, communication protocols, and distributed blockchain services though it is initiated to ensure reliable service in the presence of Byzantine faults of a distributed infrastructure. Real time automation system is highly depended on the reliability of IoT devices which are lightweight resource constrained components that demands a computationally faster algorithm within minimum number of steps. This research proposed a Boolean Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BBFT) algorithm that completes a consensus process by 3 steps only. It makes consensus by bitwise logical operations where all nodes get same decision after steps 3. It is proposed for static and predefined nodes of an agreement system that can detect malicious and anomaly nodes at the earlier stage than existing Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) algorithms. BBFT is designed for resource constrained (limited memory and processing power) IoT devices where limited number of similar nodes can make an agreement. Boolean operations of the algorithm make it simple, easier for mathematical modeling, and suitable to express by vector notations of quantum computing applications. Though time complexity (O(n) = n2) of the BBFT is same as other classical BFT algorithms, it saves resources and reduces information processing delay due to the implementation of Boolean operations.
Ethnic inequalities in the use of contraceptive methods among Peruvian women: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Intimayta-Escalante Claudio , Ccami-Bernal Fabricio , Salvador-Oscco Edison 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate how ethnicity generated inequalities in contraceptive method use among Peruvian women.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using 2019–2023 data from Peru's Demographic and Family Health Survey. Women aged 18–49 were evaluated on contraceptive use and sociodemographic factors. Statistical analysis in R Studio described variables and used propensity score matching to compare ethnic groups' contraceptive use, employing quasibinomial regression for prevalence ratios.
Results
Among 57277 women aged 18–49, 67.23% used contraception, mainly injections and condoms. Ethnic disparities were noted, with Quechua, Aymara, and Afro-Peruvian women using contraceptives, especially hormonal methods, less than Mestizo women. These inequalities were influenced by first intercourse age, number of children, and decreased use over time.
Conclusion
Ethnic inequalities in contraceptive use were found, with Quechua, Aymara, and Afro-Peruvian women facing greater disparities than Mestizo or White women, especially if they had first intercourse before 18.
All-Silicon Non-Volatile Optical Memory Based on Photon Avalanche-Induced Trapping
Authors: Peng Yiwei , Yuan Yuan , Cheung Stanley , Sorin Wayne , Hooten Sean , Huang Zhihong , Liang Di , Fiorentino Marco , Beausoleil Raymond 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Implementing on-chip non-volatile optical memories has long been an actively pursued goal, promising significant enhancements in the capability and energy efficiency of photonic integrated circuits. Here, we achieve this milestone by demonstrating optical memory exclusively using the most common semiconductor material, silicon. By manipulating the photon avalanche effect, we introduce a trapping effect at the silicon-silicon oxide interface, which in turn demonstrates a non-volatile reprogrammable optical memory cell with a record-high 4-bit encoding, robust retention and endurance. This silicon avalanche-induced trapping memory provides a distinctively cost-efficient and high-reliability route to realize optical data storage in standard silicon foundry processes. A proposed in-memory computing system achieves image recognition from the MNIST database with an inference accuracy of 94.8% and energy efficiency of 1.64×1013 MAC/J.
Data management and quality control
Authors: Auger S. , Besnier J.-B. , van Bijnen M. , Cherqui F. , Chuzeville G. , Clemens-Meyer F. , Jaatun M. G. , Langeveld J. , Le Gat Y. , Moin S. , Oosterom G. E. , van Riel W. , Roghani B. , Rokstad M. M. , Røstum J. , Tscheikner-Gratl F. , Ugarelli R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is often said that data gathering is much more expensive than data-management software (such as geographic information system). Indeed, data are perhaps the most important element of any asset management approach. In this comprehensive chapter, we embark on a journey through digital era, highlighting the pivotal role of data in our contemporary world, emphasizing the importance of data in today's landscape. We delve into the critical question of which data to collect, providing insights into the strategic selection of data based on a cost–benefit approach and the significance of anticipation in data collection. A three-layer approach, encompassing object, system, and urban fabric levels, is proposed as a structure to organize data, elucidating the diverse information requirements at each layer, from descriptive data to performance assessments and requirements. A substantial portion of this chapter is devoted to data models and bias, elucidating the complexities of modeling sewer pipe deterioration and addressing issues such as selective survival and recruitment bias. Quality control emerges as a pivotal concern, clarifying the requirements for data quality, methods to assess completeness, and handling issues such as incompleteness, timeliness, uncertainty, and imprecision. Questions related to data quantity are explored, discussing the data-loop problem, reconstruction methods, and the implications of big data. Practical considerations related to data access and storage are also addressed. The chapter concludes by three enlightening case studies illustrating real-world applications of data models.
Groundwater evolutions in the semi-arid aquifers of Dodoma City, Tanzania using stable isotopes of water and hydrogeological facies
Authors: Shemsanga Ceven 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The recent influx of people into Dodoma City, Tanzania has greatly increased pressure on freshwater sources. To manage such stressed water resources, an assessment of evolutions of various groundwater masses using stable isotopes (SI) and hydrogeochemical facies was performed. The major groundwater types were found to be NaHCO3 and NaCl. The groundwater in some areas was polluted with up to 223.7 ppm of nitrate-NO3-. The majority of water masses were found to be of meteoric origin and deep aquifers were mostly replenished by heavy rains, which are more depleted in SI (δ2H and δ18O). Further, δ2H and δ18O from Hombolo Dam (HD) and Matumbulu Dam (MD) were highly enriched by evaporation, with average δ2H and δ18O values, of 5.76 & 39.69 and 2.37 & 16.34 ‰ compared to average rain values of −5.52 and −32.99‰, respectively. The contributions of highly enriched HD and MD waters to respective shallow groundwater systems were 57.52 and 22.2%. Yet, it was found that 75.4% of groundwater in the Hombolo suburb originates from the Makutupora aquifer, and this is the first time the contribution is quantified. Generally, this study offers a robust tool for adapting a local groundwater management strategy impacted by climate change, pollution, and overabstraction.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices of mothers and the health status of under-five children: a study from Rural Nayagarh, Odisha
Authors: Jena Madhusmita , Panda Bhuputra , Behera Deepanjali , Mohanty Smrutirekha , Behera Manas Ranjan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices of mothers with under-five children in rural pockets of the Nayagarh district, Odisha and examine how those practices are associated with the health status of children. A cross-sectional household survey was carried out with 370 participants having under-five children in rural pockets of the Nayagarh district, Odisha. A multistage sampling strategy was adopted. Participants were interviewed using a pre-tested structured schedule. Household information was analysed using descriptive statistics; logistic regression models were used to determine the association between mothers’ handwashing practices and the health status of their under-five children. Nearly 74.9% of the households in the sample earned less than 40,000 Indian rupees ($481) annually. Nearly 73% of mothers threw the childrens' faecal waste into drains and open garbage. Diarrhoea was strongly associated with mothers who did not encourage their children to wash their hands (p = 0.007). The frequency of mothers' handwashing before feeding was associated with childrens' episodes of fever, common cold, and cough (p = 0.045). A set of targeted interventions, such as health education and socio-behavioural changes, is needed to address significant WASH factors associated with the health of under-five children in rural areas.
Integrated modeling of urban mobility, flood inundation, and sewer hydrodynamics processes to support resilience assessment of urban drainage systems
Authors: Wang Luyao , Li Ruyi , Dong Xin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and a deepening understanding of disasters, resilience has received widespread attention in urban drainage systems. The studies on the resilience assessment of urban drainage systems are mostly indirect assessments that did not simulate human behavior affected by rainfall or semi-quantitative assessments that did not build simulation models, but few research characterizes the processes between people and infrastructure to assess resilience directly. Our study developed a dynamic model that integrates urban mobility, flood inundation, and sewer hydrodynamics processes. The model can simulate the impact of rainfall on people's mobility behavior and the full process including runoff generation, runoff entering pipes, node overflow, flood migration, urban mobility, and residential water usage. Then, we assessed the resilience of the urban drainage system under rainfall events from the perspectives of property loss and urban mobility. The study found that the average percentage increase in commuting time under different return periods of rainfall ranged from 6.4 to 203.9%. Calculating the annual expectation of property loss and traffic obstruction, the study found that the annual expectation loss in urban mobility is 9.1% of the annual expectation of property loss if the rainfall is near the morning commuting peak.
A novel approach for identification of environmentally and economically suitable locations for establishment of wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Singh Vivek , Samadder Sukha Ranjan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Despite having several economic and environmental benefits of locating suitable sites for wastewater treatment plants, only a few studies have been reported in the literature. The present study implemented a fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) method followed by the multi-criteria decision analysis for identification of suitable locations for wastewater treatment plants. Also, the study incorporated additional parameters such as slope and relative elevation to reduce environmental hazards and to increase economic benefits of locating wastewater treatment plants. The findings of the study revealed that 2.05% (42.68 km2) of the total study area is suitable for the establishment of environmentally and economically suitable wastewater treatment plants in each zone of the study area. It was assumed that half of wastewater will be treated in the East zone and the other half will be treated in the West zone. A minimum area of 30 ha was considered to treat half of the wastewater generated and based on this, 10 suitable sites were identified with five sites located in each zone. The approach of this study will help public health engineers and other stakeholders to identify environmentally and economically suitable locations for wastewater treatment plants in the study area and other similar areas globally.
The Magic and Mystery of TRIM65 in Diseases
Authors: Zhou Qinyi , Li Yuan , Zhou Zhixiang , Zhou Yiren , Liu Yizhou , Liu Wang , Ma Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Tripartite-motif protein family member 65 (TRIM65) belongs to the tripartite
motif (TRIM) protein family. Its typical structure consists of the RING, B-Box motif,
and coiled-coil domains, which are highly conserved at the N-terminus and the variable
SPRY domain at the C-terminus. TRIM65 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that participates in
physiological and pathological processes through the ubiquitination pathway, including
intracellular signal transduction, protein degradation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, carcinogenesis,
autophagy, and phenotypic transformation. Evidence shows that TRIM65
plays a remarkable and obscure role in diseases, including multisystem tumours, neurodegenerative
diseases, immune system diseases, and inflammatory diseases. This review
is devoted to elaborating on the relationship between TRIM65 and diseases and its
pathogenic mechanism, providing a theoretical basis for TRIM65 as a possible pathogenic
target of diseases and exploring the possible future research direction of TRIM65
and the challenges it may face.
Lysyl Oxidase-like 2 Dysregulation Increases the Risk of Post-Operative Fibrotic Scars Formation in the Female Reproductive Tract: A Novel Therapeutic Target to Reduce Fibrogenesis
Authors: Khodashahi Rozita , Dehkordi Shirin , Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud , Ferns Gordon A , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
The formation of fibrotic bands in the female reproductive system, including
the uterus, after abdominal and pelvic surgeries, is an important medical challenge associated
with many complications, including infertility and pain. Investigating the role of
different molecules involved in fibrosis and adhesion formation may help in the development
of new drugs to prevent this disorder. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LoxL2) is a copper-dependent
enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular
matrix (ECM) to stabilize ECM. Dysregulation of LoxL2 activity resulting
from tissue hypoxia and inflammation after gynecological surgeries in the female reproductive
tract increases collagen fibers cross-linking and promotes fibrosis. It has been
shown that targeting LoxL2 by Lox inhibitors may reduce fibrosis. Considering the expression
of LoxL2 in female reproductive organs and its dysregulation in hypoxia and inflammation,
LoxL2 may have therapeutic potential as a drug target in the prevention of
adhesions. In this review, we discuss the role of LoxL2 in the promotion of fibrotic processes,
focusing on its link with inflammatory and hypoxic conditions. We also justify
the use of anti-LoxL2 agents as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of
post-surgical scar formation.