bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHANGING HAND POSITIONS ALTERS LOWER EXTREMITY BIOMECHANICS DURING LANDING
Authors: Ambegaonkar J , Oladipo E , Caswell SV , Shimokochi Y , Cortes N 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDuring gameplay, athletes frequently change their trunk and hand placement positions (e.g. ball handling). Changing trunk positions alters lower extremity (LE) biomechanics and subsequent injury risk during sport. However, whether changing hand positions also alters LE biomechanics during landing (a high LE injury-risk activity) is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine if changing hand positions during landing affects LE biomechanics.DesignRepeated measures.SettingLaboratory.Participants30 healthy participants (23.4±4.3 years, 170.7±7.7 cm, 70.2±18.9 kg).InterventionsParticipants performed 5 landings from a 45cm box in 4 different hand placement (HP) conditions: 1) Holding a basketball at chest level (CH), 2) Holding a basketball at chest with arms straight in front (FR), 3) Holding a basketball straight up over head (UP), and 4) Placing hands on hips (HIP).Main outcome measurementsSagittal hip, knee, ankle angles (°) from initial touchdown to lowest point of the vertical Center of Mass (COM min) displacement were assessed using 3-D motion analyses. Repeated measures ANOVAs and Bonferroni pairwise comparisons examined differences across HP conditions.ResultsAt touchdown, participants had differing hip (P<.001), but not knee (P=.09), or ankle (P=.22) flexion angles across conditions. At COMmin, participants had differing hip (P=.01), knee (P=<.001), and ankle (P<.001)angles across conditions, resulting in differing hip (P=.01)and knee (P<.001) but similar ankle (P=.06) flexion excursions across conditions. Specifically, participants had lower hip excursions in UP than in FR (P=.03) and HIP (P=.009), and lower knee excursions in CH than in FR (P=.02), UP (P=.003), and UP (P<.001).ConclusionsOverall, when landing with hands up or across the chest, participants landed in an extended posture and with decreased range of motion. Conversely, when landing with hands in front, participants had increased joint flexion angles associated with an increased range of motion. Changing hand placements during landing may alter LE biomechanics, and influence subsequent injury risk during landing. Clinicians should incorporate exercises that include hand position changes when designing injury prevention programs to decrease LE injury risk.
LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE ONSET TIMES DURING THE TRANSITION FROM DOUBLE-LEG STANCE TO SINGLE-LEG STANCE IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTED SUBJECTS
Authors: Dingenen B , Janssens L , Claes S , Bellemans J , Staes F 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDeficits in neuromuscular control are believed to increase re-injury risk after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Previous studies mainly focused on muscles at the operated knee, less on muscles around other joints of the operated and non-operated leg.ObjectiveTo evaluate lower extremity muscle onset times during the transition from double-leg stance to single-leg stance in ACLR and non-injured control subjects.DesignCross-sectional (retrospective).SettingControlled laboratory study.Participants20 ACLR subjects (15 females, 5 males), 23.1±13.9 months after ACLR and fully returned to their pre-injury sport, and 20 non-injured control subjects (15 females, 5 males) participated in the study. Both groups were matched for age, gender, weight, height and activity level. All ACL injuries were caused by a non-contact injury mechanism.Risk factor assessmentA transition task from double-leg stance to single-leg stance with eyes closed was performed, using a single force plate and surface electromyography. Movement speed was standardized. Both legs of each subject were tested.Main outcome measurementsOnset times of 10 lower extremity muscles were compared between groups and between legs within the same group. Significance was set at P<.05.ResultsTheACLR group showed significant delayed muscle onset times for gastrocnemius (P=0.40), peroneus longus (P=.022), vastus medialis (P=.007), gluteus medius (P=.035) and gluteus maximus (P=.001). No significant different muscle onset times were found between legs in the ACLR group (P>.05).ConclusionsDespite the full return to sport, ACLR subjects showed delayed muscle onset times during the transitional movement, not only around the knee, but also around the hip and ankle of both legs. Whether these deficits are a result or a pre-existing risk factor of the initial ACL injury remains unclear. Secondary prevention strategies should focus on the whole lower kinetic chain of both legs to improve neuromuscular control after ACLR.
ARE TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEASURED SAGITTAL PLANE KINEMATICS RELATED TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL JOINT LOADING DURING THE DROP VERTICAL JUMP TEST?
Authors: Dingenen B , Malfait B , Vanrenterghem J , Robinson M , Verschueren S , Staes F 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAcute and overuse knee injuries are common in sports involving jump-landing movements, especially in female athletes. More erect sagittal plane movement patterns are believed to increase injury risk. Whilst three-dimensional (3D) measurements are considered to be the gold standard, they are complex and two-dimensional (2D) video analysis may be a valuable alternative to screen athletes in clinical practice.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between 2D sagittal plane kinematics and 3D joint loading during the drop vertical jump (DVJ) test.DesignCross-sectional.SettingControlled laboratory study.ParticipantsFifty injury-free elite female athletes were tested.Risk factor assessmentTwo-dimensional sagittal plane video analysis and 3D motion analysis were used during the DVJ test.Main outcome measurementsHip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion angles were measured at the deepest landing position (2D analysis). External hip flexion moments (HFM), knee flexion moments (KFM) and knee abduction moments (KAM) were measured across the entire support phase (3D analysis). One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping was used to examine the temporal relationship between 2D angles at the deepest landing position and 3D moments across the entire support phase. Significance was set at P<.0055.ResultsThe amount of hip flexion was significantly related to HFM, KFM and KAM during the time frames corresponding with highest 3D moments, while the amount of knee flexion was only significantly related to HFM during these time frames. No significant results were found for ankle dorsiflexion.ConclusionsThese results indicate that 2D measured sagittal plane hip and knee flexion angles at the deepest landing position are associated with sagittal plane peak joint loading during a DVJ. Furthermore, the significant association of hip flexion with frontal plane knee loading provides evidence that assessment of knee joint injury risk could benefit from measuring maximal hip flexion.
BALANCE FAILURE IN SINGLE LIMB STANCE DUE TO ANKLE SPRAIN INJURY: AN ANALYSIS OF CENTRE OF PRESSURE USING THE FRACTAL DIMENSION METHOD
Authors: Doherty C , Delahunt E , Bleakley C , Hertel J , Ryan J , Caulfield B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDynamic stability is ubiquitous to fulfilling daily living activities. Instrumented postural control analysis plays an important role in evaluating the effects of injury on dynamic stability during balance tasks, and is often characterized with measures based on the displacement of the centre of pressure (COP) assessed with a force platform. However, the desired outcome of the task is frequently characterized by a loss of dynamic stability, secondary to injury. Typically, failed trials of balance tasks are discarded during research investigations.ObjectiveTo compare the COP characteristics of failed trials in participants with acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS) to successful trial data in another group with the same injury, and a non-injured control group during a single limb stance (SLS) task.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUniversity biomechanics laboratory.Participants29 participants with acute LAS attempted and succeeded a task of eyes closed SLS on their non-injured limb (successful injured group). A separate group of 28 participants with acute LAS attempted and failed the task on their injured limb (failed injured group). Finally a non-injured control group of 16 participants successfully completed the task on their non-dominant limb (successful non-injured group).Main outcome measureFractal dimension (FD) of the COP path during the SLS task.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference at the level of P<.05 in FD scores for the three groups: F (2, 70)=11.61, P<.05 (successful injured group=1.26±0.15=failed injured group: 1.17±0.14;successful non-injured group=1.38±0.11) with a large effect size.ConclusionSuccessful eyes-closed SLS is characterized by a larger FD of the COP path trajectory when compared to failed trials, indicating greater utilisation of the available base of support.
PRE-PARTICIPATION HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE IN MAJOR ATHLETIC CHAMPIONSHIPS: FEASIBILITY AND INTEREST TO DETERMINE INJURY AND ILLNESS RISK FACTORS
Authors: Edouard P , Branco P , Jacobsson J , Timpka T , Kowalski J , Nilsson S , Karlsson D , Depiesse F , Alonso JM 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe current injury and illness (I&I) surveillance system in association to athletics championships have to be improved by collecting pre-participation data for risk factors analyses.ObjectivesTo evaluate a pre-participation health questionnaire (PHQ) for collecting health status data from athletes for risk factors analyses and to describe incidence and characteristics of I&I occurred during a major indoor Athletics championships.DesignCohort study using retrospective athlete self-report data on health status for the 4 weeks prior to the championship and prospective recording of in-championship injuries and illnesses.Setting32stEuropean Athletics Indoor Championships 2013 in Göteborg, Sweden.ParticipantsA sub-cohort of athletes (n=127) for PHQ study and 577 registered athletes for I&I study.Risk factor assessmentAge, gender, pre-competition pain, pre-competition injury, pre-competition illness, pre-competition training load and fatigue.Main outcome measuresNewly incurred injury and illness at the championships.ResultsIn the I&I study, 60 injuries (104.6/1000 registered athletes) were recorded. The most common injury cause was “field play conditions” (31%), followed by overuse (29%). 29 illnesses were reported (12.6 illnesses per 1000 athlete days), with upper respiratory tract infection and gastro-enteritis/diarrhoea as the most common diagnoses. 74 athletes submitted a complete PHQ (58.3%). An univariate statistical analysis showed that athletes having trained more than 12 hours per week were at increased risk for suffering a new injury (Relative risk (RR)=4.9 (95% Confidence interval (95% CI):1.2–20.7)), and athletes who presented a pre-participation health problem were more likely to suffer a new illness (RR=2.7; (95% CI:1.1–6.7)).ConclusionsAn athlete self-report PHQ was feasible and allowed for pre-participation screening of individuals at risk. Injury risk during indoor championships seems slightly lower than during outdoor championships with specific injury types that can be attributed to the indoor track conditions.
EVALUATION OF A BODY CHECKING POLICY CHANGE AS AN INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY FOR NON-ELITE YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS
Authors: Emery CA , Black A , Macpherson A , Kang J , Hagel B , Romiti M , Meeuwisse W 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIn Pee Wee (ages 11–12) ice hockey, body checking is associated with an increased risk of injury and concussion. In 2011, research informed some provincial policy change, disallowing body checking in non-elite Pee Wee leagues.ObjectiveTo determine if the risk of injury and concussion differ for non-elite Pee Wee ice hockey players in leagues where body checking is permitted (Alberta, Canada) compared to leagues where prospective policy change disallows body checking (Ontario, Canada).DesignCohort study.SettingIce hockey rinks (2011/12 season).ParticipantsNon-elite (lower 70%) Pee Wee ice hockey players from Alberta (n=590) and Ontario (n=281).Risk factor assessmentExposure to a Pee Wee league where policy permits body checking. Other risk factors included previous concussion/injury, year of play, level of play, position and attitudes toward body checking.Main outcome MeasurementSuspected concussions were identified by a team designate and referred to a sport medicine physician. Hockey injuries included those requiring medical attention or time loss.ResultsThere were 101 game injuries (incidence rate [IR]=4.19/1000 game hours [95% CI; 3.38–5.18]), and 67 game concussions ([IR]=2.78/1000 game hours [95% CI; 2.19–3.52]) in Alberta and 14 game injuries (IR=1.60/1000 game hours [95% CI; 0.87–2.94]) and 8 concussions (IR=0.91/1000 game hours [95% CI; 0.41–2.06]) in Ontario. Based on multivariate poisson regression (adjusted for cluster, exposure hours and other risk factors), incidence rate ratio associated with policy allowing body checking was 2.97 (95% CI; 1.33–6.61) for game injury and 2.83 (95% CI; 1.09–7.31) for concussion.ConclusionsThe risk of injury and concussion was 3-fold greater in non-elite Pee Wee hockey players in leagues where body checking is permitted. This is similar to previous findings examining retrospective policy change. Policy change disallowing body checking is effective in preventing injury and concussion in non-elite youth ice hockey.
SHOULDER INJURIES IN HIGHLY TRAINED COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS
Authors: Folland J , Archer G 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe shoulder is the most commonly injured joint among competitive swimmers, and there are suggestions that sex, swimming stroke and level or training/competition are risk factors, but previous studies are inconclusive and have used small cohorts and/or relatively low level competitors.ObjectivTo document the incidence, nature, severity and location of shoulder injuries in competitive highly trained swimmers, and whether these factors were influenced by sex, swimming stroke and level of competition.DesignRetrospective study.SettingSwimming competitions and clubs.Participants132 young competitive adult swimmers (61 females, 71 males; age, 21±2 yrs; body mass: 73±11kg; current training volume, 16±4 hrs/wk; competitive history 9±3 years).Risk factor assessmentParticipants completed a retrospective questionnaire concerning their age, sex, competitive standard, primary stroke, recent training volume.Main outcome measurementsThey also recorded their experience of shoulder injury incidence (new injury, recurrence), time loss severity (mild, moderate, severe), nature of injury onset (acute/chronic) and location (left, right, both).Results99 swimmers (74%) had experienced shoulder injury, collectively reporting 124 unique injuries, and >50% of these injuries had recurred at least once. 22% of swimmers were currently experiencing shoulder pain, and 10% were currently receiving treatment for shoulder injury. Injury incidence was not influenced by sex (P=.223) or competitive standard (P=.415). There were more chronic than acute injuries (86 vs 38; P=.001). There were tendencies for more injuries to the right than left shoulder (65 vs 43, P=.066), and for a higher incidence of severe injuries than expected (P=.053). Shoulder injury was 50% lower for breaststroke swimmers, but this difference was not significant P=.245).ConclusionsInjury incidence was not influenced by sex or level of competition, but was 50% lower for breaststroke swimmers. Despite the symmetrical nature of swimming the right shoulder seems to be at greater risk of injury.
Molteno3 Implantation as Primary Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Välimäki Juha O. , Ylilehto Ari-Pekka A. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose. To determine the outcome of Molteno3 implantation as primary glaucoma surgery and to analyze the factors influencing the surgical outcome.Methods. This is a retrospective clinical study of 106 consecutive eyes (97 patients) with no previous glaucoma surgery. Surgical failure was defined as an IOP > 21 mmHg or less than a 20% reduction below baseline, or IOP ≤ 5 mmHg, on two consecutive visits after 3 months follow-up, or reoperation for glaucoma or loss of light perception.Results. At the end of the follow-up (mean, 35 months; range, 12–71 months), the mean postoperative IOP (14.2 ± 4.4 mmHg) was statistically significantly lower than the preoperative IOP (35.2 ± 9.7 mmHg) (P<0.001). Life-table success rates were 97%, 94%, and 91% after follow-up of 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Success rate for an IOP ≤ 18 mmHg was 77% at the last visit. Success was not influenced by previous cataract surgery, sex, age, laser trabeculoplasty (LTP), preoperative IOP, or number of antiglaucoma medications. Forty-seven eyes had 66 postoperative complications.Conclusions. The primary Molteno3 implant provided significant IOP lowering with minimal and manageable complications in uncontrolled glaucoma. Neither previous cataract surgery nor LTP had any detrimental effect on surgical success.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial of Lovastatin for Various Endpoints of Melanoma Pathobiology
Authors: Linden Kenneth G. , Leachman Sancy A. , Zager Jonathan S. , Jakowatz James G. , Viner Jaye L. , McLaren Christine E. , Barr Ronald J. , Carpenter Philip M. , Chen Wen-Pin , Elmets Craig A. , Tangrea Joseph A. , Lim Sung-Jig , Cochran Alistair J. , Meyskens Frank L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
On the basis of large cardiovascular clinical trials of lipid-lowering agents that showed a considerable decrease in the incidence of primary melanomas in the active agent arm, we have carried out a randomized, double-blind clinical trial examining the impact of lovastatin on various biomarkers of melanoma pathogenesis. Subjects with at least two clinically atypical nevi were randomized to receive oral lovastatin or placebo for a 6-month period. Clinical, histopathologic, and molecular biomarkers were evaluated for change in the two groups. Eighty subjects were randomized, evaluable, and included in the analyses. Lovastatin showed no benefit in comparison with placebo in the primary endpoint of decreasing the level of histopathologic atypia, nor in any of the secondary endpoints of decreasing clinical atypia, impact on nevus number, nor in showing significant changes in any of the molecular biomarkers. There were no significant differences in adverse event profiles for lovastatin compared with placebo. The lovastatin arm did show a significant and considerable decrease in total serum cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared with placebo, an expected result. This finding bolsters confidence in subject compliance. Given the results of this trial, it is concluded that if lovastatin were to lower the incidence of melanoma, it would appear not to be doing so by reversing atypia of precursor atypical nevi over the 6-month time frame studied. Further research into the pathogenesis of melanoma and in other potential chemopreventive agents is needed. Cancer Prev Res; 7(5); 496–504. ©2014 AACR.
Genistein Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells against G-CSF–Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Souza Liliana R. , Silva Erica , Calloway Elissa , Kucuk Omer , Rossi Michael , McLemore Morgan L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used to treat neutropenia in various clinical settings. Although clearly beneficial, there are concerns that the chronic use of G-CSF in certain conditions increases the risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The most striking example is in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Patients with SCN develop MDS/AML at a high rate that is directly correlated to the cumulative lifetime dosage of G-CSF. Myelodysplastic syndrome and AML that arise in these settings are commonly associated with chromosomal deletions. We have demonstrated in this study that chronic G-CSF treatment in mice results in expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population. In addition, primitive hematopoietic progenitors from G-CSF–treated mice show evidence of DNA damage as demonstrated by an increase in double-strand breaks and recurrent chromosomal deletions. Concurrent treatment with genistein, a natural soy isoflavone, limits DNA damage in this population. The protective effect of genistein seems to be related to its preferential inhibition of G-CSF–induced proliferation of HSCs. Importantly, genistein does not impair G-CSF–induced proliferation of committed hematopoietic progenitors, nor diminishes neutrophil production. The protective effect of genistein was accomplished with plasma levels that are attainable through dietary supplementation. Cancer Prev Res; 7(5); 534–44. ©2014 AACR.
One new and two known species of Aporcelinus Andrássy, 2009 and a new species of Coomansinema Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1989 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)
Authors: Vinciguerra Maria Teresa , Vinciguerra Maria Teresa , Orselli Lara , Vinciguerra Maria Teresa , Orselli Lara , Clausi Mirella 
Published: March 2014

Coomansinema istvani sp. n. is described from Ecuador, and is characterised by its relatively small size (L = 0.95-1.51 mm), lip region almost continuous with body profile with partly amalgamated lips, odontostyle slightly sinuate, with wide lumen, 20-27 μm long, female reproductive apparatus didelphic, vulva transverse, pre-rectum very short, mainly in female, 8-9 weakly developed, spaced, ventral pre-cloacal supplements, tail short (c′ = 0.6-1.0), tail convex-conoid in male and cupola-shaped, with a short finger-like process dorsally oriented in female. An updated list of the species of Coomansinema and a key to their identification is also provided. In addition, one new and two known species of Aporcelinus are reported. Aporcelinus altitudinalis and A. seychellensis are described on the basis of more numerous specimens and the male of A. seychellensis is described for the first time; it is similar to the female in general morphology and is characterised by a series of 7-9 spaced ventromedian supplements in addition to the cloacal pair with two supplements in the range of the spicules. Aporcelinus reyesi sp. n. is characterised by a 1.69-1.92 mm long body, lip region truncate, set off by a constriction, lips distinct with prominent papillae, odontostyle straight, with wide lumen, 29-36 μm long, female genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, uterus tripartite, containing up to five small eggs, vulva transverse, 13 male supplements, the last three in the range of the spicules. Tail 1.0-1.5 anal body diam. long, conical with acute tip, ventrally slightly convex, dorsally first convex and then concave, often appearing bent dorsad.