bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of image‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology—A study of 500 cases
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Ghartimagar Dilasma , Shrestha Manish Kiran , Tiwari P. K. , Narasimhan Raghavan , Talwar O. P. 
Published: September 2012

Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) as the first line investigation is not only useful in diagnosis of space occupying lesions but can also help in choosing appropriate management. This technique is most useful in diagnosing metastasis but is also helpful in excluding malignancy in some cases. Aim of this study is to analyze the spectrum of cytological diagnosis, adequacy, and clinicoradiological correlation of guided FNAC.The study was carried out in the departments of pathology and radiology for a period from January 2000 to November 2011. All the data were retrieved from hospital medical record section and departmental data bank and were analyzed.We have performed a total of 500 FNACs, including 234 under CT guidance and 266 under USG guidance. Among the CT‐guided FNACs, 87.6% (205 cases) had adequate material which included 152 malignant cases, 38 inflammatory cases and 15 benign cases. Among the cases under USG, 91.7% (244 cases) had adequate material comprising of 112 malignant cases, 44 inflammatory cases, and 88 benign lesions. It was noted that increased number of inadequate aspirate was from lesions with smaller size and increased depth. Out of total 264 malignant cases diagnosed on FNAC, 160 cases were identified as malignant on clinical and radiological findings.Guided FNAC is useful in deep seated lesions as well as in suspicious superficial lesions and is a safe diagnostic tool. If performed properly and correlated well with clinical and radiological findings, FNAC provides correct diagnosis in most cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:1052–1062. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Foamy gland pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosed on EUS‐FNA: A histochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular report
Authors: Bellevicine Claudio , Malapelle Umberto , Iaccarino Antonino , Schettino Pietro , Napolitano Vincenzo , Zeppa Pio , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe foamy gland pattern (FGP) may impart to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) a deceptively benign appearance. Thus, its diagnosis on FNA is challenging. A case of PDA with FGP, that was suspected on Diff Quik smears, diagnosed on cell‐block preparation and confirmed by ancillary stains and molecular techniques, is here reported. The diagnostic interpretation of foamy atypical cells on direct smears may benefit from cell block preparation and from ancillary techniques. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C‐peptide‐stimulated nitric oxide production in a cultured pulmonary artery endothelium is erythrocyte mediated and requires Zn2+
Authors: Giebink Adam W. , Vogel Paul A. , Medawala Wathsala , Spence Dana M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundC‐peptide has been shown to stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) in aortic endothelial cells via activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through an increased calcium influx. Here, results obtained using cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (bPAECs) suggest that C‐peptide does not induce eNOS activation directly in cultured pulmonary artery endothelium. However, C‐peptide has been shown to stimulate the release of ATP from erythrocytes, a well‐documented stimulus of eNOS activity in the pulmonary endothelium. Therefore, studies were performed to examine if C‐peptide can indirectly stimulate NO production in a cultured pulmonary endothelium that is erythrocyte mediated.MethodsNO production and free intracellular calcium changes were monitored in immobilized bPAECs using specific intracellular fluorescent probes after stimulation with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), calcium ionophore A23187, or C‐peptide. A microfluidic device enabled immobilized bPAECs to interact with flowing erythrocytes in the presence and absence of C‐peptide to determine the role of the erythrocyte in C‐peptide‐stimulated NO production in cultured bPAECs.ResultsATP and the calcium ionophore stimulate significant increases in both intracellular NO production and influx of free calcium in cultured bPAECs. In contrast, C‐peptide, ranging from physiological to above physiological concentrations, was unable to stimulate NO production or calcium influx in the bPAECs. However, when erythrocytes were pre‐incubated with a mixture containing physiological concentrations of C‐peptide with Zn2+ and haemodynamically pumped beneath bPAECs cultured on a microfluidic device, an 88.6 ± 7.5% increase in endothelial NO production was observed.ConclusionsC‐peptide does not affect NO production in bPAECs directly but can impact NO production through an erythrocyte‐mediated mechanism. Furthermore, in the absence of Zn2+, C‐peptide does not stimulate this NO production directly or indirectly. These results suggest that C‐peptide, in the presence of Zn2+, may be a determinant in purinergic receptor signalling via its ability to stimulate the release of ATP from erythrocytes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Axonal dysfunction prior to neuropathy onset in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Arnold Ria , Kwai Natalie , Lin Cindy S.‐Y. , Poynten Ann M. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Krishnan Arun V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was undertaken to determine whether there were changes evident in axonal membrane function prior to the onset of neuropathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.MethodsFrom a cohort of 110 consecutive referrals, nerve excitability was investigated in 40 diabetic patients without clinical evidence of neuropathy (20 type 1 diabetic patients and 20 type 2 diabetic patients). Groups were matched for gender, disease duration and HbA1c. Studies were also undertaken in two control groups, younger controls and older controls, matched for age and gender with the diabetic cohorts.ResultsSubjects with type 1 diabetes demonstrated significant nerve excitability abnormalities when compared with younger normal controls. Specifically, type 1 subjects showed a significant reduction at multiple time points in both depolarising and hyperpolarising threshold electrotonus. Additionally, the relative refractory period was prolonged (type 1, 3.19 ms; younger normal controls, 3.0 ms; p < 0.05) and superexcitability was reduced (type 1, −23.12%; younger normal controls, −26.37%; p < 0.05), consistent with axonal membrane depolarisation. Correlations were identified in type 1 patients between disease duration and nerve excitability parameters, including the relative refractory period (r = −0.533, p < 0.05). In contrast, only minor non‐specific changes were noted in the type 2 group.DiscussionThis study provides clear evidence of altered axonal function in patients with type 1 diabetes in the absence of clinical neuropathy. These findings suggest that altered axonal membrane potential may precede neuropathy onset in type 1 diabetes and as such may indicate a window of opportunity to intervene and potentially reverse axonal membrane dysfunction before the development of irreversible neuropathy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Birth weight influences the clinical phenotype and the metabolic control of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D)
Authors: Benevento Danila , Bizzarri Carla , Patera Ippolita Patrizia , Ravà Lucilla , Schiaffini Riccardo , Ciampalini Paolo , Cianfarani Stefano , Cappa Marco 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundHigh birth weight has been related to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D), while suboptimal birth weight (both high and low) has been related to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance, as a consequence of poor metabolic control, has been described in T1D patients. The aims of the study were to analyse the distribution of birth size for gestational age in a large group of T1D patients and to investigate the effect of birth weight on clinical phenotype.MethodsSix‐hundred two Caucasian T1D patients were evaluated. Small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) were defined as birth weight at <3rd percentile and >97th percentile for gestational age, respectively. Birth weights between the 3rd and 97th percentiles were defined as appropriate for gestational age. The clinical characteristics of small, appropriate for gestational age and large were compared. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the independent effects of birth weight and other covariates (age at T1D onset, gender and T1D duration) on different clinical outcomes (body mass index, HbA1c, insulin requirement, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides).ResultsThirteen subjects (2.16%) were small (SGA), and 39 (6.48%) were large (LGA). Daily insulin requirement (U/kg/day) was significantly higher in SGA, while body mass index and HbA1c were increased in LGA. Multivariable linear regression showed a significant negative effect of birth weight on daily insulin requirement (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSuboptimal birth weight (both high and low) in T1D patients seems to be associated with clinical characteristics suggestive of insulin resistance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Networks Based on CN Coordination Bonds
Authors: Karsch Markus , Lund Henrik , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander , Voss Karsten 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study examines the use of tetrahedral [E(O–C6X4–CN)4]– anions (E = B, Al; X = H, F), which can be synthesized from the reaction of tetrahedral NaBH4/LiAlH4 and HO–C6X4–CN, as anionic linkers for the generation of 2D and 3D crystalline coordination polymer networks. Such polymer networks were obtained by the connection of tetrahedral p‐cyanophenoxy aluminate or borate linkers with monocationic metal centers such as Li+, Na+, Ag+, and Cu+. These studies are specifically focused on the synthesis, structure, and stability of such polymers. Additionally, the perfluorinated O–C6F4–CN linker was used to study electronic influences. Salts bearing the perfluorinated [E(O–C6F4–CN)4]– anion decompose into E(O–C6F4–CN)3 and [O–C6F4–CN]–, which is also observed when a Lewis acid such as B(C6F5)3 is added. Moreover, addition of B(C6F5)3 leads to the formation of molecular‐ion pairs because the cyano groups are now either completely or partly blocked. The structures of M[Al(O–C6H4–CN)4] (M = Li, Ag, Cu), Na[B(O–C6H4–CN)4], and Li[Al(O–C6F4–CN)4] as well as of the decomposition products Na(O–C6F4–CN), (THF)Al[O–C6H4–CN·B(C6F5)3]3 (THF = tetrahydrofuran), Na[(F5C6)3B·O–C6H4–CN·B(C6F5)3], and Li[NC–C6F4–O–Al{O–C6F4–CN·B(C6F5)3}3] are discussed.
Intermolecular Mono‐ and Dihydroamination of Activated Alkenes Using a Recoverable Gold Catalyst
Authors: Medina Florian , Michon Christophe , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA combination of gold chloride organometallic complex and a silver salt was used to catalyze intermolecular hydroamination of activated alkenes, i.e aza‐Michael reactions. The gold‐catalyzed reactions of activated alkenes with nitrogen substrates were investigated and found to afford various mono‐ and dihydroamination products, the latter being rare and original. After flash chromatography, gold NHC catalyst could be recovered as a gold hydroxide NHC complex. When combined with a silver salt, the gold complex lead again to an active hydroamination catalyst.
Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐Fused Perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]furan Derivatives from Sugar‐Derived Allyl Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Sridhar Perali Ramu , Reddy Gadi Madhusudhan , Seshadri Kalapati 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA stereoselective methodology has been developed for the construction of cis‐fused perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]furans, via 3‐C‐branched glycal derivatives, involving Claisen rearrangement of sugar‐derived allyl vinyl ethers, followed by a one‐pot ozonolysis and acid‐mediated acetalization. The methodology was used for the stereoselective synthesis of the P2 ligand in the recently FDA approved HIV protease inhibitor darunavir (Prezista). The methodology was also successfully used for the synthesis of cis‐fused perhydro‐5‐oxofuro[2,3‐b]furan derivatives.
Expeditious, Metal‐Free, Domino, Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2‐Carbonyl‐ and 2‐Phosphorylfurans by Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Raimondi Wilfried , Dauzonne Daniel , Constantieux Thierry , Bonne Damien , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: September 2012

Abstract2‐Functionalized furans are very easily synthesized by exploiting the dual nucleophilic character of 1,2‐dicarbonyls and the dual electrophilic properties of (2‐chloro‐2‐nitroethenyl)benzenes in a one‐pot, formal [3+2] cycloaddition. Using a base (DBU), the desired trisubstituted heterocycles were formed rapidly (10–30 min) in good to excellent yields (51–92 %), and this versatile, metal‐free methodology was applied to the synthesis of 2‐acyl‐ and 2‐carboalkoxyfurans and furan‐2‐carboxamides. Additionally, by using 2‐ketophosphonate derivatives as dinucleophiles, the corresponding 2‐phosphorylfurans were formed in good yields (53–74 %).
Evaluating channel response to an extreme sedimentation event in the context of historical range of variability: Upper Colorado River, USA
Authors: Rathburn Sara L. , Rubin Zan K. , Wohl Ellen E. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn May 2003, a breach in a large irrigation ditch within Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) initiated a debris flow that entered Lulu Creek and the Colorado River, where 36 000 m3 of sediment substantially altered channel forms and processes. We present a proof of concept to understand whether the 2003 disturbance is within the historical range of variability (HRV), and whether the recovery potential of the system is sufficient to adapt to the disturbance. Flow and sediment regimes, and channel morphology and stability were monitored on Lulu Creek and the Colorado River from 2004 to 2011. Dominant channel response following the debris flow within Lulu Creek included step development, bed armoring, and channel widening. Step height‐to‐length ratios (H/L) for three reaches on Lulu Creek are outside the HRV of reference channels, with one reach approaching reference conditions. Erosion of approximately 23% of the debris fan volume occurred as a result of the long duration 2011 peak flow. Sediment within the Lulu Creek fan will persist for ~30–190 years, assuming current maximum and mean removal rates. Planform changes on the Colorado River since the debris flow include an increase in single‐thread geometries, with braided reaches where bar deposition occurred. Bedload transport and grain‐size analysis of bedload indicate translational spreading of a sand wave front with a dispersive component in steeper reaches. Lulu Creek is returning to a condition of natural variability, but the Colorado River is outside the HRV expected for steep‐gradient, pool‐riffle channels. Applying HRV to a situation where management questions require a longer term perspective, and pre‐disturbance baseline data are limited, is a useful approach. The HRV analysis facilitates a better understanding of site variability and delineates the range of possibilities of channel form and process to achieve management goals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aeolian sediment transport and morphologic change on a managed and an unmanaged foredune
Authors: Jackson Nancy L. , Nordstrom Karl F. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSediment transport and short‐term morphologic change were evaluated at a site where sand fences are deployed and the beach is raked (Managed Site) and a site where these human adjustments are not practiced (Unmanaged Site). Data were gathered across the seaward portion of a low foredune when winds blew nearly shore‐normal at mean speeds 8.9 to 9.3 m s‐1. Data from traps revealed sediment transport rates at unvegetated portions of the foredune crest (40.2 to 43.5 kg m‐1 h‐1) were greater than on the backshore (4.9 to 11.2 kg m‐1 h‐1) due to onshore decreases in surface moisture and speed‐up of the wind passing over the foredune. Data from erosion pins indicate sediment input to the dune was 1.48 m3 m‐1 alongshore at the Managed Site and 1.25 m3 m‐1 at the Unmanaged Site. The Unmanaged Site had deposition at the dune toe, erosion at mid‐slope, and deposition at the crest. Deposition occurred at mid‐slope on the Managed Site near a partially buried (0.58 m high) fence with a porosity of about 65%. Deposition at partially buried wrack on the upper backshore and dune toe at the Unmanaged Site was about twice as great as deposition in this zone at the Managed Site. Results indicate that: (1) the seaward slope of the foredune can be a more important source of sand to the lee of the crest than the beach; (2) wrack near the toe can decrease transport into the foredune; (3) a scour zone can occur on the foredune slope above the wrack line; (4) a fence placed in this location can promote deposition and offset scour, but fences can restrict delivery of sediment farther inland. Evaluation of alternative configurations of fences and strategies for managing wrack is required to better determine the ways that humans modify foredunes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macroturbulent coherent structures in an ice‐covered river flow using a pulse‐coherent acoustic Doppler profiler
Authors: Demers Sylvio , Buffin‐Bélanger Thomas , Roy André G. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work is to compare macroturbulent coherent structures (MCS) geometry and organization between ice covered and open channel flow conditions. Velocity profiles were obtained using a Pulse‐Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiler in both open channel and ice‐covered conditions. The friction imposed by the ice cover results in parabolic shaped velocity profiles. Reynolds stresses in the streamwise (u) and vertical (v) components of the flow show positive values near the channel bed and negative values near the ice cover, with two distinctive boundary layers with specific turbulent signatures. Vertically aligned stripes of coherent flow motions were revealed from statistics applied to space‐time matrices of flow velocities. In open channel conditions, the macroturbulent structures extended over the entire depth of the flow whereas they were discontinued and nested close to the boundary walls in ice‐covered conditions. The size of MCS is consequently reduced in scale under an ice cover. The average streamwise length scale is reduced from 2.5 to 0.4Y (u) and from 1.5 to 0.4Y (v) where Y is the flow depth. In open channel conditions, the vertical extent of MCS covers the entire flow depth, whereas the vertical extent was in the range 0.58Y–1Y (u) and 0.81Y–1Y (v) in ice‐covered conditions. Under an ice cover, each boundary wall generates its own set of MCS that compete with each other in the outer region of the flow, enhancing mixing and promoting the dissipation of coherent structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of a novel antenna array calibration approach for direction finding systems
Authors: Inserra D. , Tonello A.M. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the problem of the direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in the presence of an uncalibrated array, i.e. when phase offset, carrier frequency offset and phase noise occur among the array signals. The method that we propose consists in the use of a particular antenna array that comprises the elements for the DoA estimation and a common antenna that is shared with a splitter among the receivers. The signal that impinges on the common antenna is acquired by every receiver and allows the estimation of the phase ambiguity. After the calibration step is performed, analogue switches select the array elements for the DoA estimation. A method that enables the phase ambiguity estimation is presented, and several simulated performance results are illustrated. Furthermore, we show the effect on calibration due to the presence of different carrier frequency offsets among the receivers and propose an approach for their compensation. The presence of phase noise is also considered and its effect is analysed.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The frequency of previously undetectable deletions involving 3′ Exons of the PMS2 gene
Authors: Vaughn Cecily P. , Baker Christine L. , Samowitz Wade S. , Swensen Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLynch syndrome is characterized by mutations in one of four mismatch repair genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. Clinical mutation analysis of these genes includes sequencing of exonic regions and deletion/duplication analysis. However, detection of deletions and duplications in PMS2 has previously been confined to Exons 1–11 due to gene conversion between PMS2 and the pseudogene PMS2CL in the remaining 3′ exons (Exons 12–15). We have recently described an MLPA‐based method that permits detection of deletions of PMS2 Exons 12–15; however, the frequency of such deletions has not yet been determined. To address this question, we tested for 3′ deletions in 58 samples that were reported to be negative for PMS2 mutations using previously available methods. All samples were from individuals whose tumors exhibited loss of PMS2 immunohistochemical staining without concomitant loss of MLH1 immunostaining. We identified seven samples in this cohort with deletions in the 3′ region of PMS2, including three previously reported samples with deletions of Exons 13–15 (two samples) and Exons 14–15. Also detected were deletions of Exons 12–15, Exon 13, and Exon 14 (two samples). Breakpoint analysis of the intragenic deletions suggests they occurred through Alu‐mediated recombination. Our results indicate that ∼12% of samples suspected of harboring a PMS2 mutation based on immunohistochemical staining, for which mutations have not yet been identified, would benefit from testing using the new methodology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The value of ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography in predicting antidepressant treatment response in patients with major depression
Authors: Hanada Hiroaki , Imanaga Junko , Yoshiiwa Aoi , Yoshikawa Tomoya , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Tsuru Jusen , Inoue Ayako , Ishitobi Yoshinobu , Okamoto Shizuko , Kanehisa Masayuki , Maruyama Yoshihiro , Ninomiya Taiga , Higuma Haruka , Isogawa Koichi , Kawasaki Tsuyoshi , Fujioka Toshio , Akiyoshi Jotaro 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine whether the reversal of compromised regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in older patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is dependent on specific parameters of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and to examine the efficacy of such treatment.MethodsForty‐five patients with moderate MDD were studied following 8 weeks of treatment with SSRIs. Twelve patients displayed a positive response to SSRIs, whereas 33 patients did not respond to SSRI treatment. A comparison group of 30 healthy volunteers was also studied. The age of all participants was greater than 50 years. Age, gender, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores were examined. The rCBF was assessed using 99mTc‐ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography after SSRI treatment.ResultsThe rCBF levels in the right middle frontal cortex in non‐responsive MDD patients were lower compared with responsive MDD patients. Compared with healthy controls, non‐responders had significantly lower rCBF levels in the bilateral middle frontal cortex and insula and had significantly higher rCBF levels in the bilateral inferior frontal cortex and left middle temporal cortex. Compared with healthy controls, responders had significantly higher rCBF levels in the left inferior frontal, middle temporal, precentral, and fusiform gyrus. We found no changes in single photon emission computed tomography between pre‐treatment and post‐treatment stages for the responders to SSRI treatment.ConclusionHypoperfusion in older, non‐responsive MDD patients was primarily localized in the middle frontal cortex. It is possible that the responders to SSRI treatment at baseline already displayed higher rCBF values in the frontal regions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.