bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved CB-DPWM strategy with NP voltage balance and switching loss reduction for 3-L NPC converter
Authors: Li Bingyu , Du Xuhao , Fan Hui , Pang Xianhai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The three-level (3-L) neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter has found widespread applications in various fields, due to its simple structure, low failure rate and high efficiency. However, the 3-L NPC converter suffers the issue of unbalanced neutral-point (NP) voltage due to the divided two dc-side capacitors. The large NP voltage ripple and offset Based on the detailed analysis of the effects of vectors and clamping patterns on the NP voltage, a discontinuous optimized modulation method for NPC grid-connected inverter with both low switching loss and ability to balance NP voltage is presented. By measuring NP voltage and utilizing the property that superfluous clamping patterns have opposing effects on the NP voltage, the modulation method adjusts the NP voltage with the injection of various zero sequence voltages (ZSV) into the original sinusoidal waves. The results of this study demonstrate that the CB-DPWM can control the NP voltage balanced and decrease switching loss compared to conventional DPWM and SVPWM strategies. Moreover, the CB-DPWM strategy does not need to identify sectors and subsectors or calculate dwelling times. This modulation strategy effectively suppresses low-frequency fluctuations and deviations of the NP voltage with the injection of a simple ZSV, and improves the power quality of the output voltages and currents. Compared to the traditional SVPWM scheme, the suggested CB-DPWM has a 27 % lower overall IGBT loss. Moreover, this method is implemented through carrier waves, which is simpler than modulation schemes based on space vector, greatly shortens the program running time, and is conducive to engineering implementation.
System networks as a resource in L2 writing education
Authors: Matthiessen Christian M.I.M. , Xuan Winfred Wenhui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper argues for the value of system networks as a diagnostic tool in L2 writing education. We report on an investigation of Chinese students learning to write in English over a period of a year in Year 9 of high school, characterizing their choices in the system of modality in different writing tasks over that period, and we also report on an extension of this investigation based on two additional sampling points, Year 12 of high school and Year 3 of university. Our findings indicate that even when we sample L2 texts from three different periods in education, the expansion in the use of the meaning potential embodied in the system of modality is quite limited – as long as we focus on texts from one register. We have also seen from Xuan’s (2015. A longitudinal study of Chinese high school students learning English based on systemic functional text analysis. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University PhD thesis) study of Year 9 writing tasks from a few different registers that there was no clear sense of progression throughout the year. The results show that careful selection and ordering of texts from registers that afford learners with complementary opportunities over time to engage with and master different parts of the resources of the system of modality can be recommended in L2 writing education.
The Netherlands’ Minimum Wage 1969–2022: Can We Learn from Decline?
Authors: Salverda Wiemer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper evaluates the evolution of the Dutch minimum wage since its introduction in 1969 and discusses this as an intriguing case suggesting that a deeper, economic analysis of firm and employee behaviours is required for minimum-wage analysis in general. The real level of the minimum wage has fallen tremendously after 1979, all the way back nowadays to the level of the early 1970s, due to the system of uprating and to government interventions. The minimum-wage employment share shows an even stronger decline after 1979, but, surprisingly, the share below the unchanged real minimum wage of 1979 and in bands above this has remained largely unchanged. Intriguingly, firms have continued paying the same. Composition shifts in minimum-wage employment are significant, towards larger enterprise on the demand side and towards part-time employees on the supply side. Nationally and internationally, virtually all available minimum-wage analyses of employment effects focus on rises of the minimum wage and ignore drops. However, OECD data show that declines are surprisingly frequent, making them perfectly normal economic occurrences that firms will account for. I argue that declines deserve examination in their own right, certainly also from a monopsonistic perspective. Plausibly, declines incite different responses from increases, and their analysis will require the examination of heterogeneous behaviour of both firms and employees. Such analysis will reinforce the economics of minimum-wage analysis as advocated by David Neumark and its integration in labour economics as advocated by David Card.
Blood Lines: Biopolitics, Patriarchy, Myth
Authors: Yelle Robert A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sacrifice is mainly a patriarchal institution. Nancy Jay argued that sacrifice serves as a ritual supplement and replacement for natural birth, and attempts to establish the dominance and priority of descent through the father over descent through the mother. I demonstrate the cogency of Jay’s analysis across a number of traditions. My focus is not on sacrificial rituals, but instead on a series of myths – Hebrew biblical, ancient Greek, and Vedic Indian – that disclose the manner in which sacrifice inhabits a continuum with a broader array of struggles for dominance within the family including, but not limited to, the contestation between patriarchy and matriarchy. In many myths, the kinship group becomes a primary metaphor, both for the competition over scarce goods, including power and authority within the family unit, and for modeling the body politic in a microcosm.
In situ stereomicroscopy chemical and color etching
Authors: Ambrož O. , Čermák J. , Jozefovič P. , Mikmeková Š. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the field of materials analysis, chemical etching continues to play a crucial role in sample preparation, yet its approach is often more empirical. While classical metallographic methods dominate, insufficient understanding of the process creates room for innovation. To improve this situation, the development of new techniques allowing for structure observation during sample preparation is necessary. This is a critical step towards mitigating the influence of stochastic factors, thereby increasing the reliability and predictability of the outcomes. For real-time structural analysis during sample preparation, professional equipment was recently introduced. This contribution aims to verify in situ monitoring of structure during chemical etching using common laboratory equipment and a stereomicroscope with a camera and tablet. The method may encounter limitations due to the magnification and resolution capabilities of the stereomicroscope. Manipulation with a pipette and the risk of lens contamination with etchant can also be challenging. Additionally, etching in deeply dark etchants and ensuring adequate stirring of the etchant can be difficult. Nevertheless, this method offers new possibilities and can be beneficial for certain applications. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding, experiments with various materials and etchants are important to better grasp the limitations and possibilities of this innovative technique.
Titanium alloys with a high β stabilizer content – sample preparation strategies and micrographs
Authors: Siemers C. , Sternberg S. , Klinge L. , Merz E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Owing to their specific property profile, titanium materials are particularly used in aerospace and medical technology applications. Highly β-stabilized titanium alloys are becoming more and more important for they can be strengthened by martensite decomposition and/or precipitation hardening, thus allowing the property profile to be adapted to the respective application. Not only α and β phase can occur in the respective alloys, but also the α’, α” or ω phase. The sample preparation is particularly problematic when high fractions of α” and β phase are present. They are characterized by a very low stiffness and strength, thus tending to form smear and deformation layers. Three examples will be quoted to describe the sample preparation of titanium materials with a high proportion of β-stabilizers (niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum) and various micrographs will be shown.
Microstructural changes in the welding of titanium-stabilized steels
Authors: Wanhoff D. , Schulze-Küppers F. , Bauske N. , Beßler Y. , Groß-Barsnick S. , Pauly F. , Willms H. , Natour G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
At the Central Institute for Engineering, electronics, and Analytics (ZEA-1 by its acronym in German) of the Jülich Research Center GmbH, a cryostat was developed for the European Spallation Neutron Source (ESS) and manufactured from a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel alloy (EN 1.4571). After tungsten inert gas welding, the welds exhibited a black, patchy discoloration. After materialographic preparation, the phenomena were examined using microscopic methods to assess their impact on the strength of the weld and thus on the usability of the cryostat. Not only could the impact on the cryostat operation be assessed, but the formation mechanism could be elucidated and suitable measures could be outlined to avoid the black, patchy discoloration.
Examinations on small bronze items from the Hallstatt period burial ground at Mitterkirchen in Upper Austria
Authors: Haubner R. , Strobl S. , Leskovar J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A partially destroyed burial ground from the Hallstatt period in the area of Mitterkirchen in Upper Austria was archaeologically investigated. The graves are dated to the Hallstatt C period corresponding to the 8th/7th century BC.
Two triangular-headed nails and two lamellar “Buckel” (domed bronze plates) made of Sn-bronze were available for material investigations. One of each was subjected to metallographic examinations.
The triangular-headed nail’s bronze contains about 15 wt. %Sn. The dendritic cast structure and the eutectoid phase Cu41Sn11 are clearly visible. What is noticeable is that a Cu41Sn11 layer formed in some areas of the surface.
The lamellar Buckel’s microstructure is recrystallized and exhibits only a few deformation twins. Its bronze contains about 13 wt. %Sn. Hence, only very little Cu41Sn11 is present. Elongated Cu2S precipitates indicate that the initial sheet was manufactured by fine forging.
Use of mobile metallography to assess the extent of damage to high temperature components in power plants
Authors: Scheck R. , Maile K. , Metzger K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Microstructural replicas are used in recurrent testing of hot, pressuriszed components to detect creep damage. The test location must be representative of the damage development and subsequent component failure. Poor preparation leads to the formation of artefacts which are considered in the damage assessment. The assessment is subject to method and operator variability. When assessing the life of components based on microstructure replicas, these must be taken into account and, if necessary, extended stress calculations for the component must be used.
Classification of damping properties of fabric-reinforced flat beam-like specimens by a degree of ondulation implying a mesomechanic kinematic
Authors: Romano Marco , Ehrlich Ingo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In order to determine the influence of the ondulations in fabrics on the damping properties of fiber-reinforced plastics, the structural dynamic properties of fabric- and unidirectionally reinforced plastics are investigated. The free decay behavior of flat beam-like specimens is investigated under fixed-free boundary conditions. As the material damping is consistently higher in fabric-reinforced specimens compared to unidirectionally reinforced ones, a contribution of an additionally acting mesomechanic kinematic in fabric weaves is implied. Based on a degree of ondulation, it is possible to classify the enhancement of the material damping and determine the corresponding energy dissipation. The study provides valuable quantitative relations of the additional damping effect due to the mesomechanic kinematic. Compared to the unidirectionally reinforced material, plain weave enhances the material damping by 37…52% at

O

˜

PL

=
0.0133

{\tilde{O}}_{{\rm{PL}}}=0.0133

, whereas twill weave 2/2 enhances it by 31…40% at

O

˜

T2

=
0.0098

{\tilde{O}}_{{\rm{T2}}}=0.0098

. The consideration of the findings contributes to a deeper understanding of the visco-elastic dynamic behavior of fabric-reinforced plastics and allows further applications in research, development, and industry.
Herkunftsspezifische Unterschiede im Privatschulbesuch: Wie viel erklärt die geografische Verteilung privater Schulangebote?
Authors: Helbig Marcel , Schmitz Laura 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland ist die Zahl der Privatschulen seit 1992 erheblich gestiegen, insbesondere in Ostdeutschland. Diese Schulen werden überwiegend von SchülerInnen aus sozioökonomisch privilegierten Haushalten besucht, während Kinder aus einkommensschwachen Familien seltener vertreten sind. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir, ob die räumliche Verteilung der Privatschulen mit sozialen Ungleichheiten beim Privatschulbesuch im Zusammenhang steht. Hierfür schätzen wir lineare Wahrscheinlichkeitsmodelle mithilfe von georeferenzierten Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels und Adressdaten aller deutschen Schulen von 2000 bis 2019. Insgesamt zeigen sich kaum Hinweise darauf, dass private Schulen vor allem dort zu finden sind, wo sozioökonomisch privilegierte Haushalte leben. Allerdings reagieren letztere in ihrer Schulwahl sensibler auf die Entfernung zu Privatschulen. Für sozial benachteiligte Gruppen spielt die Entfernung eine untergeordnete Rolle, da Privatschulen oft nicht als echte Alternative wahrgenommen werden.
Нові екологічно безпечні протикорозійні пігменти на основі монтморилоніту
Authors: Даниляк М.-О.М. , Корній С.А. 
Published: August 2024

Нові екологічно безпечні протикорозійні пігменти на основі природного іонообмінного мінералу монтморилоніту, збагаченого катіонами цинку, отримано рідкофазним іонообмінним методом. Показано, що вміст цинку у модифікованому монтморилоніті зростає з підвищенням концентрації Zn(NO3)2 розчину. Електрохімічними методами встановлено, що отримані пігменти на основі модифікованого монтморилоніту покращують корозійну тривкість алюмінієвого сплаву Д16Т у середовищі кислого дощу. Найвищий протикорозійний ефект проявляє Zn-монтморилоніт, отриманий модифікацією 0,5 М розчином Zn(NO3)2. Встановлено, що ступінь захисту для сплаву Д16Т у середовищі кислого дощу з Zn- монтморилонітом становить близько 90 %.
Circulating dengue virus serotypes, demographics, and epidemiology in the 2023 dengue outbreak in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Rob Md. Abdur , Hossain Mohabbat , Sattar M.A. , Ahmed Istiaq Uddin , Chowdhury Abul Faisal Md. Nuruddin , Mehedi H.M. Hamidullah , Mohammed Noor , Maruf ul Quader Mohammed , Hossain Md. Zakir , Rahman Mustafizur , Chakma Kallyan , Barua Susmita , Naznin Etu Silvia , Sikder Uschash , Tanni Afroza Akter , Mannan Adnan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDengue is a serious epidemic for Bangladesh affecting thousands of lives. This study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of the circulating variants of dengue virus (DENV) and their association with demographics and clinical manifestations among the dengue-infected patients. A total of 711 participants with NS1 antigen positivity were enrolled, followed by viral RNA extraction from the collected blood samples and a multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to determine the dengue virus serotypes. Of 711 dengue-infected patients, 503 (70.7%) were male. Among different age groups, most of the patients were 21–30 years old (n = 255, 35.9%). The DENV2 (n = 483, 67.9%) serotype was more prevalent than the DENV3 (n = 144, 20.3%) and DENV1 (n = 84, 11.8%). The duration of fever was highest in the DENV-1 patients (4.79 ± 1.84 days) in contrast to DENV-3 (4.48 ± 1.68 days) and DENV-2 (4.33 ± 1.45 days) (P = 0.039). Importantly, five highly populated areas were identified as dengue hotspots in Chittagong metropolitan city. Our results provide crucial insights into the patterns of dengue virus transmission and severity among southern Bangladeshi population, thereby aiding in the development of targeted public health interventions and management strategies to combat future outbreaks.
A experiência vivida:
Authors: Andrade Renata 
Published: August 2024

As pesquisas que abordam mulheres e religião têm se dedicado, especialmente, em análises que buscam compreender como as relações de poder se estabelecem sobre o gênero feminino dentro dessas instituições. Ainda não foram encontradas pesquisas que joguem luz para a compreensão do fenômeno do crescimento do número de mulheres que se declaram sem religião. Neste trabalho, portanto, objetiva-se apresentar a trajetória religiosa de mulheres sem religião pertencentes a coletivos feministas, demonstrando os elementos que contribuíram para seu afastamento das instituições religiosas.
Das oito mulheres entrevistadas, sete vem de famílias católicas e uma de família já sem laços institucionais. Todas elas romperam entre a adolescência e a fase adulta os laços com suas instituições religiosas e permanecem assim até os dias atuais. O afastamento das instituições religiosas ocorreu devido às suas vivências religiosas particulares nas igrejas correlacionadas às suas origens étnicas, seu gênero e sua orientação sexual. Seus relatos, portanto, não representam apenas um retorno ao passado, mas uma tomada de posição em suas próprias vidas e que nesse caso refere-se a se tornar uma mulher sem religião.
Memaknai Ulang Dalil-dalil Moderasi Beragama Perspektif Qirā’ah Mubādalah
Authors: Dardiri Ahmadi Fathurrohman 
Published: August 2024

Religious moderation appears to be frequently promoted in the context of a peaceful and nonviolent society. However, global challenges such as armed conflict and genocide in Palestine, for example, prompt the author to investigate whether the values of religious moderation (as a continuation of Islamic wasaṭiyyah or moderation) can help maintain world peace or have no influence and prestige in the face of global community. This article will investigate and re-interpret the arguments for religious moderation from the perspective of Qirā’ah Mubādalah. Mubādalah, which means ‘mutuality,’ upholds the principle of interpreting the text by presenting parties or, “...genders (which are) not mentioned in the text.” The idea is to avoid bias in interpretation due to differences in perspectives. This study uses Toshihiko Isutzu’s ‘semantic network’ theory to identify key vocabulary, including wasaṭ, the root word s-l-m and ṣulh, the attitude of doing good in the word ta̒āwun, as well as synonyms, antonyms, and an in-depth study of all key vocabulary. The results indicate that the spirit of religious moderation should not stop at the rhetorical and theoretical dialogue. Religious moderation needs to be more active, solution-oriented, and responsive to the evolution of human interactions on a regional and global scale, as well as actively responding to world imbalances through real-world actions that threaten Muslims’ existence. We have the right to actively take the initiative, both psychologically and physically, to ensure the long-term well-being of the balance of human life.
Cubixel: A Novel Paradigm in Image Processing Using Three-Dimensional Pixel Representation
Authors: Aburass Sanad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces the innovative concept of the Cubixel—a three-dimensional representation of the traditional pixel—alongside the derived metric, Volume of the Void (VoV), which measures spatial disparities within images. By converting pixels into Cubixels, we can analyze the image's 3D properties, thereby enriching image processing and computer vision tasks. Utilizing Cubixels, we've developed algorithms for advanced image segmentation, edge detection, texture analysis, and feature extraction, yielding a deeper comprehension of image content. Our empirical experimental results on benchmark images and datasets showcase the applicability of these concepts. Further, we discuss future applications of Cubixels and VoV in various domains, particularly in medical imaging, where they have the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic processes. By interpreting images as complex 'urban landscapes', we envision a new frontier for deep learning models that simulate and learn from diverse environmental conditions. The integration of Cubixels into deep learning architectures promises to revolutionize the field, providing a pathway towards more intelligent, context-aware artificial intelligence systems. With this groundbreaking work, we aim to inspire future research that will unlock the full potential of image data, transforming both theoretical understanding and practical applications. Our code is available at https://github.com/sanadv/Cubixel.
Shading and selection effect-mediated species mixing enhance the growth of native trees in dry tropical forests
Authors: Awraris Abebe Damtew , Birhane Emiru , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain , Muys Bart 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Tropical dry forests remain vital to rural communities, but they often suffer from degradation and require restoration. In many cases, restoration involves planting monospecific plantations of robust exotic species; however, detailed ecological studies are required to understand how native species mixtures can become successful for restoration purposes. To address this knowledge gap, a tree diversity experiment (IDENT-Ethiopia) was conducted to examine the impact of species diversity and shading on the growth of nine native tree species in tropical dry forests. The experiment followed a block design with 270 plots, which included a gradient in native tree species richness (one-, two-, and four-species mixtures), as well as a functional diversity gradient with low, medium, and high levels. A shading treatment (shaded and unshaded) was also replicated in triplicate. The stem volume growth of seedlings was assessed one and two years after planting. The results revealed that seedling growth was significantly boosted by increased species richness and shading: stem volume growth increased by 10.1% in shaded environments and 15.4% in mixed plots. The study also demonstrated a positive diversity productivity relationship in 57% of all mixtures. Variance partitioning showed that this overyielding was a result of competitive dominance. In the shaded environment, these productive dominant species were Cordia Africana, followed by Dodonaea angustifolia and Dovyalis abyssinica, Overall, the findings suggest that shading and species mixing are crucial factors for promoting seedling growth of native dryland species and ensuring the successful restoration of drylands.