bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high birth weight is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Johnsson I. W. , Haglund B. , Ahlsson F. , Gustafsson J. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe association between low birth weight and adult disease is well known. Less is known on long‐term effects of high birth weight.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate whether a high birth weight increases risk for adult metabolic disease.MethodsSwedish term single births, 1973–1982 (n = 759 999), were studied to age 27.5–37.5 years using Swedish national registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated in relation to birth weight for type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.ResultsMen with birth weights between 2 and 3 standard deviation score (SDS) had a 1.9‐fold increased risk (HR 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–2.90) of type 2 diabetes, whereas those with birth weights above 3 SDS had a 5.4‐fold increased risk (HR 5.44, 95% CI 2.70–10.96) compared to men with birth weights between −2 and 2 SDS. The corresponding HRs for women were 0.60 (95% CI 0.40–0.91) and 1.71 (95% CI 0.85–3.43) for birth weights 2–3 SDS and >3 SDS, respectively. Men with birth weights between 2 and 3 SDS had a 1.5‐fold increased risk (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22–1.77) of obesity. The corresponding risk for women was 1.3‐fold increased (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19–1.46). For men and women with birth weights above 3 SDS, the risks of adult obesity were higher, HR 2.46 (95% CI 1.63–3.71) and HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.44–2.37), respectively.ConclusionsA high birth weight, particularly very high, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in male young adults. The risk of obesity increases with increasing birth weight in both genders.
‘My mentor kicked a dying woman's bed…’ Analysing UK nursing students’ ‘most memorable’ professionalism dilemmas
Authors: Rees Charlotte E. , Monrouxe Lynn V. , McDonald Laura A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo provide depth and breadth in the analysis of nursing students’ written narratives of ‘most memorable’ professionalism dilemmas.BackgroundWhile nursing students are taught professionalism through formal curricula, they commonly experience workplace‐based professionalism dilemmas. Although non‐UK studies have begun to explore students’ lived experiences of dilemmas, they lack detail about when and where dilemmas occur, who is involved, what students do and why and how students feel.DesignOnline survey of healthcare students including 294 nursing students from 15 UK nursing schools.MethodNursing students provided a written narrative of their most memorable dilemma (December 2011–March 2012) as part of a survey examining the impact of professionalism dilemmas on moral distress. We conducted thematic and discourse analysis of all narratives and narrative analysis of one exemplar.FindingsThe most common themes were patient care dilemmas by healthcare personnel or students, student abuse and consent dilemmas. Of the dilemmas, 49·6% occurred over 6 months previously, 76·2% occurred in hospitals and 51·9% of perpetrators were nurses. 79·3% of students reported acting in the face of their dilemma. Of the narratives, 88·4% contained negative emotion talk and numerous significant relationships existed between types of emotion talk and dilemmas. Our narrative analysis demonstrates the impact of dilemma experiences through emotion talk and more subtle devices like metaphor.ConclusionFindings extend previous research with nursing and medical students. Nurse educators should help students construct emotionally coherent narratives to make sense of their experiences, actions and identities and to better prepare them for future professionalism dilemmas.
A group‐randomized trial of shared decision making for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug risk awareness: primary results and lessons learned
Authors: Miller Michael J. , Allison Jeroan J. , Cobaugh Daniel J. , Ray Midge N. , Saag Kenneth G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesFrequent use and serious adverse effects related to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) underscore the need to raise patient awareness about potential risks. Partial success of patient‐ or provider‐based interventions has recently led to interest in combined approaches focusing on both patient and physician. This research tested a shared decision‐making intervention for increasing patient‐reported awareness of NSAID risk.MethodsA group randomized trial was performed in Alabama from 2005 to 2007. Intervention group doctor practices received continuing medical education (CME) about NSAIDs and patient activation tools promoting risk assessment and communication during visits. Comparison group doctor practices received only CME. Cross‐sectional data were collected before and after the intervention. Generalized linear latent and mixed models with logistic link tested relationships among the intervention, study phase, intervention by study phase interaction and patient‐reported awareness of risks with either prescription or over‐the‐counter (OTC) NSAIDs.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐seven patients at baseline and 355 patients at follow‐up participated in this study. The intervention [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.74, P = 0.248], follow‐up study phase (AOR = 1.31, P = 0.300) and intervention by study phase interaction (AOR = 0.98, P = 0.942) were not significantly associated with patient‐reported awareness of any prescription NSAID risk. Follow‐up study phase was associated with increased odds of reporting any OTC NSAID risk awareness (AOR = 2.99, P < 0.001), but the patient activation intervention and intervention by study phase interaction were not significantly associated with patient‐reported awareness of any OTC NSAID risk (AOR = 0.98, P = 0.929; AOR = 0.87, P = 0.693, respectively).ConclusionsOur point‐of‐care intervention encouraging shared decision making did not increase NSAID risk awareness.
Self‐reported adherence by MARS‐CZ reflects LDL cholesterol goal achievement among statin users: validation study in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ladova Katerina , Matoulkova Petra , Zadak Zdenek , Macek Karel , Vyroubal Pavel , Vlcek Jiri , Morisky Donald E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesMeasuring self‐reported adherence may contribute to minimizing the risk of therapy failure. Hence, the main aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Czech version of Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS‐CZ) and its appropriateness for use in long‐term statin therapy where goal levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) should be achieved.MethodsAnonymous structured interview was performed to determine self‐reported adherence by MARS‐CZ in outpatients chronically treated with statins. At the same time, medication records were reviewed for inclusion of patients into groups of those who achieved and do not achieved LDL‐c goal according to cardiovascular risk level. Reliability and validity of MARS‐CZ were tested as well as the relationship between adherence and LDL‐c goal achievement was examined.ResultsA total of 136 (86.6%) patients completed the interview; mean age was 66.1 years; 49.3% were male. The mean score of MARS‐CZ was 24.4 and showed positive skewing. Satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.54), strong test‐retest reliability (r = 0.83, P < 0.001; intra‐class correlation = 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.81) and positive correlation with eight‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) were indicated. Low validity values were found between MARS‐CZ and 12‐item Short Form Health Survey mental and physical subscales. MARS‐CZ score significantly correlated with LDL‐c goal achievement (P < 0.05) when all patients who achieved LDL‐c goal (35%) reported high adherence to statin. MARS‐CZ score also correlated with cardiovascular risk level and doctor's judgments on adjusting treatment targets for each patient.ConclusionThis study proved MARS‐CZ as an acceptable self‐reported adherence measure. In routine clinical practice, MARS‐CZ could be helpful to reveal medication non‐adherence before the alteration of drug regimen and thereby contributing to enhancement of statin therapy management.
Rapid temperature‐dependent wound closure following adipose fin clipping of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L
Authors: Andrews M , Stormoen M , Schmidt‐Posthaus H , Wahli T , Midtlyng P J 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThree groups of Atlantic salmon were kept at a constant temperature of 4, 10 and 14 °C. The adipose fins were removed; six fish/group were sampled at 11 subsequent time points post‐clipping. Samples were prepared for histopathological examination to study the course of re‐epithelization. A score sheet was developed to assess the regeneration of epidermal and dermal cell types. Wounds were covered by a thin epidermal layer between 4 and 6 h post‐clipping at 10 and 14 °C. In contrast, wound closure was completed between 6 and 12 h in fish held at a constant temperature of 4 °C. By 18 h post‐clipping, superficial cells, cuboidal cells, prismatic basal cells and mucous cells were discernible in all temperature groups, rapidly progressing towards normal epidermal structure and thickness. Within the observation period, only minor regeneration was found in the dermal layers. A positive correlation between water temperature and healing rates was established for the epidermis. The rapid wound closure rate, epidermal normalization and the absence of inflammatory reaction signs suggest that adipose fin clipping under anaesthesia constitutes a minimally invasive method that may be used to mark large numbers of salmon presmolts without compromising fish welfare.
THE U.S. TREASURY'S CAPITAL PURCHASE PROGRAM: TREASURY'S SELECTIVITY AND MARKET RETURNS ACROSS WEAK AND HEALTHY BANKS
Authors: Carow Kenneth A. , Salotti Valentina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe evaluate firms that voluntarily participated in the Treasury's Capital Purchase Plan (CPP), focusing on the market impact of their decision to participate. For healthy firms, abnormal stock returns are negative. For weak firms, CPP was a cheap source of funding, as demonstrated by their significant positive returns. Despite gains for weak firms, not all were permitted to participate. The Treasury made funding available to institutions with low levels of capital only if they also had better performing loan portfolios. Providing further evidence of the Treasury's selectivity, weak firms not participating in the CPP had significantly lower long‐term returns than did weak firms that participated.
Consumer behaviour towards vegetables: a study on domestic processing of broccoli and carrots by Dutch households
Authors: Bongoni R. , Verkerk R. , Dekker M. , Steenbekkers L. P. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundPreferences for sensory properties (e.g. taste and texture) are assumed to control cooking behaviour with respect to vegetables. Conditions such as the cooking method, amount of water used and the time‐temperature profile determine the nutritional quality (e.g. vitamins and phytochemicals) of cooked vegetables. Information on domestic processing and any underlying motives can be used to inform consumers about cooking vegetables that are equally liked and are nutrient‐rich.MethodsTwo online self‐reporting questionnaires were used to identify domestic processing conditions of broccoli and carrots by Dutch households. Questions on various aspects of domestic processing and consumer motives were included. Descriptive data analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed for both vegetables, separately, to group consumers with similar motives and behaviour towards vegetables.ResultsApproximately 70% of consumers boiled vegetables, 8–9% steamed vegetables, 10–15% stir fried raw vegetables and 8–10% stir fried boiled vegetables. Mainly texture was used as a way to decide the ‘doneness’ of the vegetables. For both vegetables, three clusters of consumers were identified: texture‐orientated, health‐orientated, or taste‐orientated. The texture‐orientated consumers are identified as the most prevalent (56–59%) group in the present study. Statistically significant associations are found between domestic processing conditions and clusters, whereas no such association are found between demographic details and clusters.ConclusionsA wide variation in domestic processing of broccoli and carrots is found in the present study. Mainly sensory properties (i.e. texture and taste) determined the domestic processing conditions. The findings of the present study can be used to optimise cooking to yield vegetables that meet consumer's specific sensory preference and are higher in nutrients, and as well as to communicate with target consumer groups.
Evaluation of psychological guidance impact on complete denture wearer's satisfaction
Authors: Zou Yun , Zhan Desong 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of psychological intervention on edentulous patients’ satisfaction with complete clinically satisfactory complete dentures. The survey was conducted in China Medical University involving 84 individuals receiving complete dentures at this institution from August 2013 to March 2014. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups consisting of 42 subjects, respectively. In the intervention group, individuals received oral health education and psychological intervention before and after the whole process. In the control group, 42 cases received doctor's regular advice after treatment. Satisfaction regarding aesthetic, speech, mastication, retention and comfort was rated in the first and third month after prosthesis treatment. Patients overall aesthetic, speech, mastication and retention were significantly improved in both intervention and control groups in 3 months later after prosthesis treatment when compared with the first month (P < 0·05). No significant difference existed for comfort in control group. Patient scores on aesthetic, speech, mastication and retention at both first and third month evaluations (P < 0·05) differed between the control and intervention groups. However, there was no difference for their scores related to comfort (P > 0·05) in first and third month. The study concludes that psychological intervention plays a significant role in improving patient satisfaction with complete dentures.
Sound Analysis of a Musical Performance to Evaluate Prosthodontic Treatment for a Clarinet Player
Authors: Hattori Mariko , Sumita Yuka I. , Taniguchi Hisashi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSome dental patients use the orofacial region to play wind instruments; however, musical performance has not been objectively evaluated following prosthodontic treatment in such patients. The purpose of this report was to describe prosthodontic treatment for a clarinet player using sound analysis. The patient required a removable partial denture for his maxillary anterior teeth. Sound analysis was performed before and after denture adjustment, and the patient completed a questionnaire regarding his perceptions while playing his clarinet. After adjustment, the denture showed better performance, and patient satisfaction increased compared with that before adjustment.
Effect of Thickness Ratio on Load‐Bearing Capacity of Bilayered Dental Ceramics
Authors: Wang Gaoqi , Zhang Song , Bian Cuirong , Kong Hui 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to reveal the mechanism of failure of bilayered beams and to assess the thickness ratio effect on the load‐bearing capacity of the bilayered beams.Materials and MethodsBoth analytical and finite element analysis methods were used to analyze the stress distributions of bilayered beams subjected to three‐point bending test and the residual thermal stresses due to coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch. Then, the ideal load‐bearing capacity of the beams as a function of core thickness was evaluated based on the mechanical models. Finally, three‐point bending tests were performed on Cercon Zirconia /IPS e.max Ceram beams to verify the mechanical models.ResultsThe failure load as a function of core thickness was obtained. For the materials employed in this study, the thickness ratio did not significantly affect the load‐bearing capacity of bilayered beams when the thickness ratio changed from 1:2 to 2:1.ConclusionsThe residual thermal stresses in the core layer have slightly beneficial effects on the strength of the beams. The first strength theory can be used to explain the mechanism of failure, which can be described as the failure is interpreted by tensile stress and ultimate strength of the material. Based on the relationship between the thickness ratio and load‐bearing capacity, the core/veneer thickness ratio of the connector of a fixed partial denture could be relatively small to about 1:2 to obtain a good appearance.
Effect of Different Cleaning Regimens on the Adhesion of Resin to Saliva‐Contaminated Ceramics
Authors: Aladağ Akın , Elter Bahar , Çömlekoğlu Erhan , Kanat Burcu , Sonugelen Mehmet , Kesercioğlu Atilla , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different cleaning regimens on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of three different all‐ceramic surfaces after saliva contamination.Material and MethodsCubic ceramic specimens (3 × 3 × 3 mm3) were prepared from three types of ceramics: zirconium dioxide (Z), leucite‐reinforced glass ceramic (E), lithium disilicate glass ceramic (EX; n = 12/subgroup). A total of 144 composite resin cylinders (diameter: 1 mm, height: 3 mm) were prepared. Three human‐saliva–contaminated surfaces of ceramic specimens were cleaned with either water spray (WS), with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (HC), or with a cleaning paste (CP). Control surface (C) was not contaminated or cleaned. Composite cylinders were bonded to each surface with a resin luting cement. All specimens were stored at 37°C in deionized water until fracture testing. μSBS tests were performed in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min), and the results (MPa ± SD) were statistically analyzed (two‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni a = 0.05). Fractured surfaces were analyzed to identify the failure types using an optical microscope at 50× magnification. Two representative specimens from all groups were examined with scanning electron microscopy.ResultsμSBS test results were significantly affected by the saliva cleaning regimens (p = 0.01) and the ceramic types (p = 0.03). The interaction terms between the ceramic type and saliva cleaning regimen were also significant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the μSBS values (MPa ± SD) for the Z group (C = 17.5 ± 8.8; WS = 16.0 ± 4.9; HC = 17.6 ± 5.8; CP = 16.6 ± 7.5; p > 0.05). In the EX group, C resulted in significantly higher μSBS values (32.6 ± 7.4) than CP (17.4 ± 8.9), WS (15.6 ± 7.3), and HC (14.3 ± 4.5) (p < 0.05); however, C (20.4 ± 7.1) and HC (19.2 ± 7.5) showed higher μSBS values than CP (13.8 ± 4.8) and WS (10.9 ± 5.7) in the E group. Some cohesive failures within the luting resin were observed in the E and EX groups, whereas only adhesive failures were seen in zirconia groups for all surface treatments.ConclusionsDifferent ceramic surface cleaning regimens after saliva contamination of the zirconium dioxide revealed μSBS similar to the control group, whereas all surface cleaning regimens tested significantly decreased the bond strength values in the lithium disilicate glass ceramic. The leucite‐reinforced glass‐ceramic group benefited from 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution cleaning with increased bond strengths. Clinical significance: Adhesive cementation of zirconia presents a clinically challenging protocol, and the cementation surface contamination of the zirconia restorations and the inadequate removal of the contaminants increase the risk of failure, as for all ceramic types. This study demonstrated that surface cleaning regimens should be applied according to different ceramic properties.
Influence of Crown‐to‐Implant Ratio on Stress Around Single Short‐Wide Implants: A Photoelastic Stress Analysis
Authors: Sotto‐Maior Bruno Salles , Senna Plinio Mendes , Silva‐Neto João Paulo da , de Arruda Nóbilo Mauro Antônio , Cury Altair Antoninha Del Bel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the photoelastic fringe patterns around two short‐wide implants supporting single crowns with different crown‐to‐implant (C/I) ratios.Materials and MethodsExternal hexagon (EH) cylindrical implants (5 × 7 mm) or Morse Taper (MT) conical implants (5 × 6 mm) were embedded individually into photoelastic resin blocks. Each implant received a single metal‐ceramic crown, with a C/I ratio of 1:1 or 2:1 (n = 10). Each set was positioned in a polariscope and submitted to a 0.5 kgf compressive load, applied axially or obliquely (30°). The polariscope images were digitally recorded, and based on isoclinal and isochromatic fringes, the shear stress was calculated at 5 predetermined points around each implant. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05).ResultsUnder axial loading, the stress was concentrated at the crestal region, and there were no differences between C/I ratio or implant types. In contrast, under oblique loading, EH implants showed lower stress values than the MT group and the 2:1 C/I ratio showed higher stress concentration for both implant types (p < 0.05). Moreover, MT implants showed stress distribution through a higher area than the EH implant did, with a tendency to direct the stress toward the implant's apex under oblique loading.ConclusionMT conical short‐wide implants showed higher stress values that were distributed through a higher area directed to the implant apex. The C/I ratio influences the stress distribution only under oblique loading.
A review of the melatonin functions in zebrafish physiology
Authors: Lima‐Cabello Elena , Díaz‐Casado María E. , Guerrero Jose A. , Otalora Beatriz B. , Escames Germaine , López Luis C. , Reiter Russel J. , Acuña‐Castroviejo Darío 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMelatonin is part of the evolutionary conserved highly functional network in vertebrates. It plays a central role in the adaptative behavior of the animal to the environment, including entrainment of daily and annual physiological rhythms, reproductive behavior, food intake, locomotor activity, growth, and breeding performance. In zebrafish, apart from its synchronizing capabilities, melatonin seems to have a major role in multiple physiological processes. Extensive knowledge of its genome and the identification of a series of genes with the same functions as those in humans, the relative ease of obtaining mutants, and the similarities between zebrafish and human pathologies make it an excellent experimental model organism of human diseases. Moreover, it is a common experimental species because of easy handling, breeding, and developmental control. Among other pathophysiologies, zebrafish are now used in studies of neurodegeneration and neurological diseases, endocrine diseases, behavior, muscular dystrophies, developmental alterations, circadian rhythms, and drugs screening. The purpose of this review was to update the current knowledge on the synthesis and biological functions of melatonin in zebrafish, keeping in mind its relevance not only in the physiology of the animal, but also in pathophysiological conditions.