bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Technique for Closed Reduction of Traumatic Posterior Dislocations of the Hip: The ‘PGI Technique’
Authors: Sharma Siddhartha , Kumar Vishal , Dhillon Mandeep S. 
Published: June 2014

Many techniques have been described for closed reduction of posterior hip dislocations, but most require forceful and sustained traction, assistants to stabilise the pelvis and awkward positioning of the surgeon and/or the patient. We describe a new technique of closed reduction that does not need traction-countertraction or special positioning and can be safely and effectively performed by one surgeon. Fifteen patients, mean age 36.4 years, were subjected to reduction. There were five type I, four type II and six type III dislocations; ipsilateral injuries included one knee dislocation with patellar fracture, and two cases of tibia fracture. Closed reduction was achieved in 14 (93.3%) hips, with single attempt successful in 13 cases, while one needed two attempts. One hip could not be reduced due to incarceration of a posterior wall fragment and was managed by open reduction and internal fixation. Our new technique has proved to be a reliable, safe and effective alternative for closed reduction of posterior hip dislocations. It can be carried out by one surgeon, does not need traction and can be especially beneficial in polytrauma patients and also in those patients who have pelvic fractures and ipsilateral lower limb injuries.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement: Minimum Five-Year Follow-up
Authors: Polesello Giancarlo C. , Lima Filipe R. , Guimaraes Rodrigo P. , Ricioli Walter , Queiroz Marcelo C. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes of an arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement at a minimum of a five-year follow-up. Methods A case series with 24 subjects (26 hips) was conducted. Subjects that were submitted to an arthroscopic procedure for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement, at a minimum of five years, were evaluated. Subjects completed the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the pain numeric rating scale and a general questionnaire accessing sports practice and satisfaction. Results Twenty-one of the 24 subjects (87.5%) were male and the average age at the time of surgery was 34.6 ± 9.5 years old (range 13-51). Of the 27 subjects submitted to hip arthroscopy, three (11.1%) could not be contacted. Follow-up was 6.1 ± 0.8 years, and at this time the average mHHS was 90.6 ± 11.6. Pain numeric rating scale was 2.6 ± 1.9 and 11 hips (42.3%) reported no pain. Of the 14 subjects that complained of hip pain during sports activities prior to surgery, 10 (71.4%) returned to normal sports activities while four (28.6%) subjects could not return to preoperative activities. Three patients had to be submitted to a new surgical procedure. All 24 subjects were satisfied with their procedure and would repeat it if necessary. Conclusions Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement, at five years follow-up, revealed good results in terms of improved function, pain relief and satisfaction.
Do Hardened Femoral Heads Reduce Blood Metal Ion Concentrations after Hip Resurfacing?
Authors: Le Duff Michel J. , Johnson Alicia J. , Amstutz Harlan C. 
Published: June 2014

Background Elevated cobalt and chromium ion concentrations have been associated with the use of metal-on-metal bearings in hip arthroplasty. The use of a differential hardness bearing may reduce metal particle release. The aim of our study was to compare circulating cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) ion levels between patients treated with a standard all ‘as-cast’ heat treated bearing and a differential hardness bearing. Materials and methods One hundred and thirty-two patients implanted with unilateral hip resurfacing arthroplasties and having had blood metal ion studies performed between one and six years after surgery were retrospectively selected. There were 73 patients in the standard all ‘as cast’ heat treated bearing group (group 1) and 59 in the differential hardness bearing group (group 2). Results Clinical and quality of life scores were comparable between groups. The median Co in group 1 was 1.01 µg/L and 1.23 µg/L in group 2 (p = 0.0566). The median Cr in group 1 was 1.60 µg/L and 1.34 µg/L in group 2 (p = 0.0505). Conclusion Compared with conventional heat-treated CoCr bearings, differential hardness metal-on metal bearings do not confirm in vivo the hopes of a substantial reduction in circulating metal ions concentrations suggested by in vitro wear studies.
Changes in Hip Geometry after Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Floeter Nicola , Lebek Susanne , Bakir Mustafa S. , Sarpong Akosua , Wagner Christiane , Haberl Ernst Johannes , Funk Julia F. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose Hip development in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) may be different in comparison to that of typical developing children due to impaired motor function and altered lever arms. Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is known to reduce spasticity. It is postulated that it also improves mobility. Its influence on hip development is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in hip geometry before and after selective dorsal rhizotomy. Methods Conventional radiographs (Rippstein I and II) of 33 ambulatory children aged 2.67 to 11.75 years who underwent SDR were analysed pre- and postoperatively at a mean of 18 months (range 12-29 months). Migration percentage, acetabular index, and anteversion were evaluated. The reduction of spasticity was measured with the modified Ashworth scale. A priori power analysis was performed. As data was normally distributed statistical analysis was performed applying the t-test for paired variables. Results Radiographic parameters concerning hip geometry improved significantly after SDR. The spasticity of adductors and hamstrings was significantly reduced through SDR from on average 1.7 to 0.8 on the modified Ashworth scale (p<0.001). The acetabular index decreased from 19° to 17° (p = 0.001), the migration percentage improved from 24% to 21% (p<0.001). Anteversion was also significantly reduced from 41° to 38° (p<0.001). Function improved significantly from 80% to 85% when measured with the GMFM-88 (p<0.001). Conclusions The results confirm that SDR improves hip geometry as well as function in ambulatory CP children. Long-term studies need to show whether this radiographic improvement has clinical relevance with regard to pain and function.
Cement-in-cement femoral revisions using a specially designed polished short revision stem; 24 consecutive stems followed for five to seven years
Authors: te Stroet Martijn A.J. , Moret-Wever Sander G. , de Kam Daniël C.J. , Gardeniers Jean W.M. , Schreurs B. Willem 
Published: June 2014

Femoral cement-in-cement revisions are attractive if the cement bone mantle is well fixed. However, most available cemented stems are too long to fit in the existing cement mantle. We evaluated the medium-term outcomes of the 125 mm short tapered polished stem (Exeter Short Revision Stem (SRS)) with a 44 mm offset specifically designed to facilitate cement-in-cement revisions of hip arthroplasties. The Exeter SRS was clinically and radiographically evaluated in 24 consecutive femoral cement-in-cement revisions (11 men, 13 women) between July 2005 and February 2008 after a mean follow-up of six years (5-7). The mean age at operation was 67 years (54-83). No hip was lost to follow-up, but two patients (two hips) died. None of the deaths were related to the surgery. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed. Four femoral components (17%) were removed for septic loosening after a mean of 2.4 years (0.8-4.9). Three of these hips were revised again in a two-stage revision, and one was converted to a permanent excision arthroplasty. The probability of survival with re-revision for any reason was 82% (95% CI: 58-93) and survivorship with aseptic loosening as the endpoint was 100% at six years. There were no additional radiological failures. The Exeter Short Revision Stem is a valuable option for simplifying cement-in-cement revisions. Despite the short stem length, at mid-term there were no signs of instability or aseptic loosening.
Gender inequality and HIV transmission: a global analysis
Authors: Richardson Eugene T , Collins Sean E , Kung Tiffany , Jones James H , Tram Khai Hoan , Boggiano Victoria L , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Zolopa Andrew R 
Published: June 2014

IntroductionThe HIV pandemic disproportionately impacts young women. Worldwide, young women aged 15–24 are infected with HIV at rates twice that of young men, and young women alone account for nearly a quarter of all new HIV infections. The incommensurate HIV incidence in young – often poor – women underscores how social and economic inequalities shape the HIV epidemic. Confluent social forces, including political and gender violence, poverty, racism, and sexism impede equal access to therapies and effective care, but most of all constrain the agency of women.MethodsHIV prevalence data was compiled from the 2010 UNAIDS Global Report. Gender inequality was assessed using the 2011 United Nations Human Development Report Gender Inequality Index (GII). Logistic regression models were created with predominant mode of transmission (heterosexual vs. MSM/IDU) as the dependent variable and GII, Muslim vs. non‐Muslim, Democracy Index, male circumcision rate, log gross national income (GNI) per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP), and region as independent variables.Results and discussionThere is a significant correlation between having a predominantly heterosexual epidemic and high gender inequality across all models. There is not a significant association between whether a country is predominantly Muslim, has a high/low GNI at PPP, has a high/low circumcision rate, and its primary mode of transmission. In addition, there are only three countries that have had a generalized epidemic in the past but no longer have one: Cambodia, Honduras, and Eritrea. GII data are available only for Cambodia and Honduras, and these countries showed a 37 and 34% improvement, respectively, in their Gender Inequality Indices between 1995 and 2011. During the same period, both countries reduced their HIV prevalence below the 1% threshold of a generalized epidemic. This represents limited but compelling evidence that improvements in gender inequality can lead to the abatement of generalized epidemics.ConclusionsGender inequality is an important factor in the maintenance – and possibly in the establishment of – generalized HIV epidemics. We should view improvements in gender inequality as part of a broader public health strategy.
Perception-Based Effects of Clinical Exposure to Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on First- and Second-Year Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Vazzana Kathleen M. , Yao Sheldon C. , Jung Min-Kyung , Terzella Michael J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Context: Little research has been done regarding osteopathic medical students' clinical exposure to osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Most existing research focuses on third- and fourth-year students.

Objective: To determine the effects of clinical exposure to OMT on first- and second-year osteopathic medical students by assessing the same population's perceptions of OMT.

Methods: In the present survey-based study, conducted at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, first- and second-year osteopathic medical students were administered an electronic survey containing 18 multiple-choice questions. The first 2 questions were demographic. The next 6 questions had participants identify what, if any, clinical exposure to OMT they had, including clinical shadowing, the MedPrep program, and the Summer Student American Academy of Osteopathy Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Preceptorship program. The 10 questions that followed assessed the participant's perception of OMT: (1) understanding, (2) attitude toward OMT, (3) scope of practice of OMT, and (4) intention to use OMT in future clinical practice. The survey used the statistically validated Likert scale for all of the scaled questions. Analysis was performed using the Pearson χ2 test and the Fisher exact test.

Results: Of the 600 students who were sent surveys, 364 replied, for a response rate of 60.7%. There was an association with students' anticipated use of OMT in their future clinical practice and the following types of clinical exposures to OMT: MedPrep (P=.04), Summer Student American Academy of Osteopathy Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Preceptorship (P=.04), extracurricular OMT didactics (P=.048), and shadowing a physician performing OMT before attending osteopathic medical school (P=.007). Being treated with OMT had no association with anticipated future use of OMT. More OMT clinical exposures were associated with more positive responses to the perception questions (

χ
1
2

=
13.8

$\chi _1^2 = 13.8$

, P<.001).

Conclusion: Participants with clinical exposure to OMT before entering clinical training were more likely to plan to use OMT in future practice. Early clinical exposure to OMT before or during the first 2 years of osteopathic medical school was associated with a positive perception of OMT.
ITCZ and ENSO pacing on East Asian winter monsoon variation during the Holocene: Sedimentological evidence from the Okinawa Trough
Authors: Zheng Xufeng , Li Anchun , Wan Shiming , Jiang Fuqing , Kao Shuh Ji , Johnson Cody 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDeep‐sea fan sediments provide an excellent geological archive for paleoenvironment reconstruction. Grain size, clay mineral and elemental (Ti, Fe, Ca) compositions were measured for a core retrieved from a submarine fan in the Okinawa Trough. Varimax‐rotated Principal Component Analysis (V‐PCA) on time‐evolution of grain size spectrum reveals that, since the Holocene, sediment was transported mainly by the benthic nepheloid layer (33%) and upper layers (33%) which is driven by the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The intensification of the Kuroshio Current during the Holocene, masks the fluvial signal of the summer monsoon and obstructs clay minerals derived from the Yellow River, a major contributor prior to 12 ka BP. A new grain size index (GSI), which represents the EAWM well, exhibits a negative correlation with the δ18O record in Dongge Cave, China during the Holocene when sea level was relatively steady. This anticorrelation suggests the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The consistency among our records and rainfall records in Peru, Ti counts in the Cariaco Basin, monsoon records in Oman and the averaged summer insolation pattern at 30°N further support the ITCZ's impact on monsoon systems globally. Cross‐Correlation Analyses for GSI and log(Ti/Ca) against δ18O record in Dongge Cave reveal a decoupling between the East Asian winter and summer monsoon during 5500–2500 cal yr BP, with greater complexity in the last 2500 years. This can be attributed to exacerbated ENSO mode fluctuations and possibly anthropogenic interference superimposed on insolation and ITCZ forcing.
Seasonal and interannual variability of carbon monoxide based on MOZAIC observations, MACC reanalysis, and model simulations over an urban site in India
Authors: Sheel Varun , Sahu L. K. , Kajino M. , Deushi M. , Stein O. , Nedelec P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variations of carbon monoxide (CO) are analyzed over a tropical urban site, Hyderabad (17°27′N, 78°28′E) in central India. We have used vertical profiles from the Measurement of ozone and water vapor by Airbus in‐service aircraft (MOZAIC) aircraft observations, Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) reanalysis, and two chemical transport model simulations (Model for Ozone And Related Tracers (MOZART) and MRI global Chemistry Climate Model (MRI‐CCM2)) for the years 2006–2008. In the lower troposphere, the CO mixing ratio showed strong seasonality, with higher levels (>300 ppbv) during the winter and premonsoon seasons associated with a stable anticyclonic circulation, while lower CO values (up to 100 ppbv) were observed in the monsoon season. In the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the seasonal distribution of CO shows the impact of both local meteorology and emissions. While the PBL CO is predominantly influenced by strong winds, bringing regional background air from marine and biomass burning regions, under calm conditions CO levels are elevated by local emissions. On the other hand, in the free troposphere, seasonal variation reflects the impact of long‐range transport associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone and biomass burning. The interannual variations were mainly due to transition from El Niño to La Niña conditions. The overall modified normalized mean biases (normalization based on the observed and model mean values) with respect to the observed CO profiles were lower for the MACC reanalysis than the MOZART and MRI‐CCM2 models. The CO in the PBL region was consistently underestimated by MACC reanalysis during all the seasons, while MOZART and MRI‐CCM2 show both positive and negative biases depending on the season.
Evaluation of sediment properties using wind and turbidity observations in the shallow tidal areas of the Venice Lagoon
Authors: Venier Chiara , D'Alpaos Andrea , Marani Marco 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSediment deposition and erosion by wind waves and tidal currents, mediated by bed sediment properties and by biostabilization/bioturbation, are key processes governing the dynamics of intertidal geomorphology. Here we develop and apply a method to estimate bed sediment properties, such as the settling velocity and the critical stress for erosion, providing a measure of the response of the system to the actual wave/tidal forcing. The method obtains estimates of sediment properties indirectly, by solving a sediment mass conservation equation for the water column, after explicitly modeling wave‐ and current‐induced bottom shear stresses. We apply this approach using meteorological, tidal, and turbidimetric data from a network of sensors in the Venice Lagoon, yielding estimates which compare favorably with existing observations of sediment properties. Advantages of the method are that it does not interfere with the biological and physical status of the sediment surface and that it makes use of commonly available weather and wave observations. The proposed method lends itself to the continuous monitoring of sediment parameters at the system scale with limited operational effort when the sediment suspended in the water column is mostly originated by local resuspension, such as in the case of wave‐dominated estuaries.
Modeling water demand when households have multiple sources of water
Authors: Coulibaly Lassina , Jakus Paul M. , Keith John E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA significant portion of the world's population lives in areas where public water delivery systems are unreliable and/or deliver poor quality water. In response, people have developed important alternatives to publicly supplied water. To date, most water demand research has been based on single‐equation models for a single source of water, with very few studies that have examined water demand from two sources of water (where all nonpublic system water sources have been aggregated into a single demand). This modeling approach leads to two outcomes. First, the demand models do not capture the full range of alternatives, so the true economic relationship among the alternatives is obscured. Second, and more seriously, economic theory predicts that demand for a good becomes more price‐elastic as the number of close substitutes increases. If researchers artificially limit the number of alternatives studied to something less than the true number, the price elasticity estimate may be biased downward. This paper examines water demand in a region with near universal access to piped water, but where system reliability and quality is such that many alternative sources of water exist. In extending the demand analysis to four sources of water, we are able to (i) demonstrate why households choose the water sources they do, (ii) provide a richer description of the demand relationships among sources, and (iii) calculate own‐price elasticity estimates that are more elastic than those generally found in the literature.
Geostationary satellite observations of dynamic phytoplankton photophysiology
Authors: O'Malley Robert T. , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Westberry Toby K. , Milligan Allen J. , Shang Shaoling , Yan Jing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSince June 2010, the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) has been collecting the first diurnally resolved satellite ocean measurements. Here GOCI retrievals of phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration and fluorescence are used to evaluate daily to seasonal changes in photophysiological properties. We focus on nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) processes that protect phytoplankton from high light damage and cause strong diurnal cycles in fluorescence emission. This NPQ signal varies seasonally, with maxima in winter and minima in summer. Contrary to expectations from laboratory studies under constant light conditions, this pattern is highly consistent with an earlier conceptual model and recent field observations. The same seasonal cycle is registered in fluorescence data from the polar‐orbiting Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Aqua satellite sensor. GOCI data reveal a strong correlation between mixed layer growth irradiance and fluorescence‐derived phytoplankton photoacclimation state that can provide a path for mechanistically accounting for NPQ variability and, subsequently, retrieving information on iron stress in global phytoplankton populations.
Ocean oxygen depletion due to decomposition of submarine methane hydrate
Authors: Yamamoto Akitomo , Yamanaka Yasuhiro , Oka Akira , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGlobal warming could decompose submarine methane hydrate and cause methane release into the ocean. The released methane causes oxygen depletion via oxidation; however, its global impact is yet to be quantitatively investigated. We have projected the potential impact of oxygen depletion due to methane hydrate decomposition via numerical modeling. We find that the global methane hydrate inventory decreases by approximately 70% (35%) under four times (twice) the atmospheric CO2 concentration and is accompanied by significant global oxygen depletion on a timescale of thousands of years. In particular, we demonstrate the great expansion of suboxic and hypoxic regions, having adverse impact on marine organisms and ocean biogeochemical cycles. This is because hydrate decomposition primarily occurs in the Pacific Ocean, where present‐day seawater has low oxygen concentration. Besides the decrease in oxygen solubility and reduced ventilation associated with global warming, the process described in this study is also important in oxygen depletion.
Dynamics of the Bingham Canyon Mine landslides from seismic signal analysis
Authors: Hibert Clément , Ekström Göran , Stark Colin P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractJoint interpretation of long‐ and short‐period seismic signals generated by landslides sheds light on the dynamics of slope failure, providing constraints on landslide initiation and termination and on the main phases of acceleration and deceleration. We carry out a combined analysis of the seismic signals generated by two massive landslides that struck the Bingham Canyon Mine pit on 10 April 2013. Inversion of the long‐period waveforms yields time series for the bulk landslide forces and momenta, from which we deduce runout trajectories consistent with the deposit morphology. Comparing these time series with the short‐period seismic data, we are able to infer when and where major changes take place in landslide momentum along the runout path. This combined analysis points to a progressive fracturing of the masses during acceleration indicates that deceleration starts the moment they reach the pit floor and suggests that the bulk movement is stopped by a topographic barrier.