bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the content of the ursolic and oleanolic acid in apple peel: influence of cultivars, sun exposure, storage conditions, bruising and Penicillium expansum infection
Authors: Lv Yanrong , Tahir Ibrahim I , Olsson Marie E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor health promotion and as part of natural plant protection, it might be of interest to increase the content of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) by biofortification in breeding programs, although the extent of the influence of genetic and environmental factors needs to be clarified. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cultivar, sun exposure, storage, bruising and fungal infection on the OA and UA content in apple peel.RESULTSThree apple cultivars with different ripening times – ‘Discovery’ (early), ‘Aroma’ (middle) and ‘Gloster’ (late) – were investigated. The content of OA and UA was mainly influenced by cultivar and side subjected to sun exposure, and to a minor extent by storage and seasonal year. ‘Gloster’ had the highest OA and UA content of the investigated cultivars. OA and UA content on the shaded side was higher than that on the sun‐exposed side in all three cultivars. Inoculation with Penicillium expansum did not have any consistent effect on OA or UA, except in a few cases where the levels decreased.CONCLUSIONOA and UA content can be increased by choice of cultivar in the breeding process and to some extent by cultural practice.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Glomalin‐related Soil Protein Response to Heating Temperature: A Laboratory Approach
Authors: Lozano Elena , Chrenková Katarína , Arcenegui Victoria , Jiménez‐Pinilla Patricia , Mataix‐Solera Jorge , Mataix‐Beneyto Jorge 
Published: July 2015

AbstractForest fires are a recurrent natural phenomenon in the Mediterranean basin. Fires can affect physical, chemical and biological soil properties. The effects on soil properties are closely controlled by fire severity, which is a consequence of temperatures reached and the length of residence of heat in the soil. In this study, the response of glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) − a glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi − to heating temperature has been studied. Laboratory heating treatments were carried out at 180°C, 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 400°C and 500°C in soil samples from eight different sites in SE Spain. The sites selected had mainly different soil characteristics. The results of heating on soil water repellency and soil organic carbon (SOC) were also included in the study. GRSP response to temperature was different between sites. Redundancy analyses divided sandy soils from the rest of soil types. Total content of aggregates, SOC and clay and sand content were the most significant properties explaining the response of GRSP to heating treatments. Results showed that GRSP was affected even at low temperature. SOC response to temperature was very similar between sites. Soil water repellency did not appear after heating in wettable soils and disappeared in water‐repellent ones at temperatures over 200°C. Our results indicate that GRSP could provide relevant information about fire severity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viability and MR detectability of iron labeled mesenchymal stem cells used for endoscopic injection into the porcine urethral sphincter
Authors: Will Susanne , Martirosian Petros , Eibofner Frank , Schick Fritz , Bantleon Rüdiger , Vaegler Martin , Grözinger Gerd , Claussen Claus D. , Kramer Ulrich , Schmehl Jörg 
Published: July 2015

Direct stem cell therapies for functionally impaired tissue require a sufficient number of cells in the target region and a method for verifying the fate of the cells in the subsequent time course. In vivo MRI of iron labeled mesenchymal stem cells has been suggested to comply with these requirements. The study was conducted to evaluate proliferation, migration, differentiation and adhesion effects as well as the obtained iron load of an iron labeling strategy for mesenchymal stem cells. After injection into the porcine urethral sphincter, the labeled cells were monitored for up to six months using MRI.Mesenchymal stem cells were labeled with ferucarbotran (60/100/200 µg/mL) and ferumoxide (200 µg/mL) for the analysis of migration and viability. Phantom MR measurements were made to evaluate effects of iron labeling. For short and long term studies, the iron labeled cells were injected into the porcine urethral sphincter and monitored by MRI. High resolution anatomical images of the porcine urethral sphincter were applied for detection of the iron particles with a turbo‐spin‐echo sequence and a gradient‐echo sequence with multiple TE values. The MR images were then compared with histological staining.The analysis of cell function after iron labeling showed no effects on proliferation or differentiation of the cells. Although the adherence increases with higher iron dose, the ability to migrate decreases as a presumed effect of iron labeling.The iron labeled mesenchymal stem cells were detectable in vivo in MRI and histological staining even six months after injection.Labeling with iron particles and subsequent evaluation with highly resolved three dimensional data acquisition allows sensitive tracking of cells injected into the porcine urethral sphincter for several months without substantial biological effects on mesenchymal stem cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood maltreatment increases the risk for visceral obesity
Authors: Li Li , Chassan Rachel A. , Bruer Emily H. , Gower Barbara A. , Shelton Richard C. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe reports regarding the associations between childhood maltreatment (CM) and body fat composition remain heterogeneous in humans although they are indicated in preclinical studies. In addition, the effects of CM subtypes on different types of body fat are unclear. Thus, in this study, the associations between CM and its subtypes with body fat were determined and the potential pathways were explored.MethodsThe participants were assessed for a history of CM by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and were divided into the CM group (with CM exposures) and non‐CM group (without CM exposures). Body composition was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Salivary and blood samples were provided by the subjects.ResultsCompared with the non‐CM group, subjects with a history of CM had greater visceral fat mass (1,136 ± 160 vs. 836 ± 116 g, P < 0.05) but not total body fat, android fat, body mass index, or waist‐to‐hip ratio. In addition, subjects with CM had a blunted cortisol awakening response and elevated inflammatory factors. Correlation analysis indicated that CM subtypes had differential effects on visceral adiposity and cortisol awakening response.ConclusionsIt is suggested by our results that CM exposure is linked with increased visceral fat deposition, and the perturbation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and activation of the immune system may be two potential pathways through which this relationship is explained.
Increased urine podocyte‐associated messenger RNAs in severe obesity are evidence of podocyte injury
Authors: Pereira Sane Vianna , dos Santos Mariane , Rodrigues Patrícia Garcia , do Nascimento Jonathan Fraportti , Timm João Rodolfo Teló , Zancan Rafael , Friedman Rogério , Veronese Francisco Veríssimo 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to correlate different degrees of excess weight with the expression of podocyte‐associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in urine.MethodsThe sample comprised 83 patients with overweight or obesity class I, II, or III and 18 healthy controls. The expression of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, α‐actinin‐4, α3β1integrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β1) mRNA in urine was quantified with the real‐time polymerase chain reaction. mRNA expression was correlated with body mass index, the metabolic syndrome, albuminuria, and inflammation.ResultsAdults with obesity class III had higher levels of serum lipids, glucose, HbA1C, insulin resistance, and C‐reactive protein (P < 0.05), with 85% of the subjects meeting criteria for the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001 vs. other groups). Urinary podocyte‐associated mRNAs were higher in adults with obesity class III than in other groups (P < 0.05). Patients with overweight or obesity class I or II also had higher levels of podocyte mRNAs than controls: nephrin (P = 0.021), α‐actinin‐4 (P = 0.014), α3β1integrin (P = 0.036), and TGF‐β1 (P = 0.005). Metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, and C‐reactive protein were correlated with podocyturia, but only higher insulin levels were related regardless of obesity.ConclusionsSevere obesity and hyperinsulinemia were associated with higher urinary expression of podocyte‐associated mRNAs, even at normal urinary albumin excretion rates.
Successive approximation and optimal controls on fractional neutral stochastic differential equations with Poisson jumps
Authors: Rajivganthi C. , Muthukumar P. , Ganesh Priya B. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe objective of this paper is to investigate the existence of mild solutions and optimal controls for a class of fractional neutral stochastic differential equations with Poisson jumps in Hilbert spaces. First, we establish a new set of sufficient conditions for the existence of mild solutions of the aforementioned fractional systems by using the successive approximation approach. The results are formulated and proved by using the fractional calculus, solution operator, and stochastic analysis techniques. The existence of optimal control pairs of system governed by fractional neutral stochastic differential equations with Poisson jumps is also presented. An example is given to illustrate the theory. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relapse after localized rhabdomyosarcoma: Evaluation of the efficacy of second‐line chemotherapy
Authors: Winter Sarah , Fasola Sylvie , Brisse Hervé , Mosseri Véronique , Orbach Daniel 
Published: July 2015

PurposeAbout one‐third of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma relapse despite appropriate treatment and experience a poor outcome. Little meaningful improvement in the outcome of this disease has been observed over the last 30 years. There is no clear international recommendation concerning the use of salvage chemotherapy at relapse. A retrospective multicenter analysis was therefore conducted to analyze the efficacy of various second‐line chemotherapy regimens in this setting.MethodsForty‐nine patients under the age of 18, with initially localized rhabdomyosarcoma, who relapsed after first complete remission, treated in three SFCE centers (Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant) between 1995 and 2013, were analyzed.ResultsFirst relapse occurred after a median interval of 22 months and remained localized in 71.4% of cases. All patients received second‐line chemotherapy with an overall response to this salvage therapy of 39.1%. Best specific response rates were 73.3 and 42.9% for carboplatin/epirubicin/vincristine‐ifosfamide/vincristine/etoposide (CEV/IVE) (15 patients) and vincristine/irinotecan ± temozolomide (VI[T]) (seven patients), respectively. Overall, 40 patients (81.6%) were then eligible for delayed local treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy) and 30 of them (61.2%) achieved second complete remission. After a median follow‐up of 5.4 years since the diagnosis of first relapse, 5‐year overall survival is 49.4% (95% CI: 34.2–64.6).ConclusionSalvage chemotherapy plays a central role in the management of patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma. CEV/IVE and VI(T) regimens can be recommended as neoadjuvant chemotherapy before local treatment for patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can 2‐acylpyrroles form an intramolecular hydrogen bond?
Authors: Dubis Alina T. , Stasiewicz Piotr , Pogorzelec‐Glaser Katarzyna , Łapiński Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding by certain N‐substituted 2‐acylpyrroles has been demonstrated by B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ calculations, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and the natural bond orbital method.Total electron energy densities HBCP at the bond critical point of the H⋯O bond were applied to analyze the strength of these interactions. The relations between quantum theory of atoms in molecules, carbonyl stretching vibrational modes νC = O, and natural bond orbital parameters associated with the formation of the C–H⋯O interaction have been established. The short contacts were found experimentally in the crystal structure of a new 2‐acylpyrrole derivative 5‐chloro‐2‐oxopentyl‐1‐(5‐chloro‐2‐oxopentyl)pyrrolo‐2‐carboxylate. The influence of 2‐ and N‐substitution of 2‐acylpyrroles on C‐H⋯O interaction energy is discussed. It was found that the methylene group may act as a proton donor leading to a red‐shift or blue‐shift phenomenon of the νC–H stretching mode. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modifications of the atmospheric moisture field as a result of cold‐pool dynamics
Authors: Schlemmer Linda , Hohenegger Cathy 
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the interplay between atmospheric moisture and deep convective clouds via cold‐pool dynamics in the absence of large‐scale forcing in a series of cloud‐resolving modelling studies. More specifically, the contribution of moisture advection, evaporation of rain and surface fluxes to the moisture budget over particular regions of the domain is investigated. This is done both for a continental case and an oceanic case although both cases show very similar behaviour. The accumulation of moisture in confined regions of the sub‐cloud layer that constitute preferred locations for future cloud development mainly results from the advection of moisture. The latter contributes ~86%, minor evaporation of precipitation contributes ~4%, whereas surface moisture fluxes yield ~11% in the continental case. In the oceanic case advection contributes ~125%, surface moisture fluxes ~−32% and evaporation of precipitation ~7%.To further identify the origin of the advected moisture, additional scalars marking moisture originating from the surface and from the evaporation of rain are introduced into the model. It is seen that the surface moisture and the evaporated rain water released within the last 2 h only make 55% of the moisture accumulated in the moist patches in the land case, the rest stemming from older moisture. In the ocean case, this share increases to 72%. The contribution of recently released moisture drops to 28% at cloud base in the continental case and to 56% in the ocean case. The contribution at cloud base is dominated by surface fluxes; the evaporation of rain is negligible.
A thoroughly validated spreadsheet for calculating isotopic abundances (2H, 17O, 18O) for mixtures of waters with different isotopic compositions
Authors: Faghihi V. , Meijer H. A. J. , Gröning M. 
Published: July 2015

RationaleOxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes are widely used tracers for studies on naturally occurring and laboratory mixtures of isotopically different waters. Although the mixing calculations are straightforward to perform, there are ample possibilities to make mistakes, especially when dealing with a large number of mixed fluids. To facilitate isotope mixing calculations and to avoid computational mistakes, a flexible tool to carry out these calculations is in demand.MethodsWe developed, in three independent efforts, spreadsheets to carry out the mixing calculations for a combination of waters with different isotopic compositions using the isotope mass balance equation. We validated our calculations by comparison of the results of the three spreadsheets for a large number of test calculations. For all the cases, we obtained identical results down to the 12th to 14th significant digit.ResultsWe present a user‐friendly, thoroughly validated spreadsheet for calculating 2H, 17O and 18O stable isotopic abundances and respective isotope delta values for mixtures of waters with arbitrary isotopic compositions. The spreadsheet allows the mixing of up to 10 different waters, of which up to five can be specified using their isotopic abundances and up to five others using their isotope delta values. The spreadsheet is implemented in Microsoft Excel and is freely available from our research groups' websites.ConclusionsThe present tool will be applicable in the production and characterization of singly and doubly labeled water (DLW) mother solutions, the analysis of isotope dilution measurements, the deduction of unknown isotope values of constituents for mixtures of natural waters, and many other applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metals and possible sources of lead in aerosols at the Dinghushan nature reserve, southern China
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐min , Kuang Yuan‐wen , Li Jiong , Schroll Reiner , Wen Da‐zhi 
Published: July 2015

RationaleAerosols play an important role in depositing metals into forest ecosystems. Better understanding of forest aerosols with regard to their metal content and their possible sources is of great significance for air quality and forest health.MethodsParticulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in aerosols was collected every month for 20 months using moderate‐volume samplers in the Dinghushan (DHS) nature reserve in southern China. The concentrations of metals (Al, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) as well as the Pb isotopic ratios in the PM2.5 samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS).ResultsModerate pollution with aerosol PM2.5 was detected at the DHS nature reserve with the air mass from mainland China being the predominant PM2.5 source. The high enrichment factors (EFs) for the heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn, as well as the PM2.5 mass concentrations, coupled with backward trajectory analysis, indicated the anthropogenic origins of the PM2.5 and of the heavy metals in the PM2.5. The Pb isotopic ratios revealed the contributions from various Pb sources, which varied between seasons.ConclusionsIndustrial emissions and automobile exhaust from the Pearl River Delta (PRD) primarily contributed to the anthropogenic Pb in PM2.5, although there was occasionally a contribution from coal combustion during the wet season. Pb isotopic ratios analyses are helpful for air quality assessment and Pb source tracing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic distribution for the birthday problem with multiple coincidences, via an embedding of the collision process
Authors: Arratia Richard , Garibaldi Skip , Kilian Joe 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe study the random variableB(c, n), which counts the number of balls that must be thrown intonequally‐sized bins in order to obtainccollisions. The asymptotic expected value ofB(1,n) is the well‐knownappearing in the solution to the birthday problem; the limit distribution and asymptotic moments ofB(1,n) are also well known. We calculate the distribution and moments ofB(c, n) asymptotically asngoes to∞andc = O(n). We have two main tools: an embedding of the collision process — realizing the process as a deterministic function of the standard Poisson process — and a central limit result by Rényi. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 48, 480–502, 2016
Controllable Coordination Self‐Assembly Based on Flexible Tripodal Ligands: From Finite Metallocages to Infinite Polycatenanes Step by Step
Authors: Chen Qihui , Chen Lian , Jiang Feilong , Hong Maochun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article describes the developments in coordination self‐assembly based on flexible tripodal ligands with different metal species. Various finite metallocages such as M3L2, M6L8, M6L4, M4L4 and different catenanes based on discrete metallocages constructed from flexible tripodal ligands with suitable metal species are presented here. Many M3L2 metallocages based on ligands L1–L12 and different two‐coordinated metal species have been prepared, in which various Ag(I) salts and other metal species that have been protected by suitable groups, such as Zn(OAc)2, ZnBr2, and PdBr2, have been used as effective acceptors. All of the M6L8‐type metallocages are constructed from ligands L2 or L12–L20 and different four‐coordinated metal species, such as various palladium(II) salts or NiCl2, and have similar topological structures. Only a few discrete M6L4‐type metallocages, based on ligands L21–L24, have been reported, using different strategies such as protecting groups and steric hindrance. All of the M4L4‐type cages have similar topological structures and are constructed from ligands L25–L29 with multiple donor sites. More intriguing interlocking ensembles constructed from discrete metallocages are also described here in detail, namely, three [2]catenanes based on ligands L30–L32 and four polycatenanes based on ligands L33–L34.
Stereoselective Electrophilic Cyclization
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractElectrophilic cyclizations of unactivated alkenes play highly important roles in the synthesis of useful building blocks. This account describes our contributions to the rational design of monofunctionalized chiral Lewis base catalysts for enantioselective iodo‐ and protocyclizations. For the stereoselective promotion of electrophilic bromocyclizations, nucleophilic phosphite–urea cooperative catalysts have been designed.
Exploring Digital Literacy Practices in an Inclusive Classroom
Authors: Price‐Dennis Detra , Holmes Kathlene A. , Smith Emily 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this article instructional practices from a diverse inclusive 5th grade classroom are examined to better understand how students engaged in 21st century literacies. The authors focus on one classroom to provide insight into how a 21st century literacies perspective can support inclusive literacy practices that 1) create a community of learners, 2) use digital tools to make the curriculum accessible, and 3) link academic goals with real‐world platforms.
Wound Healing Following Open Groin Hernia Surgery: The Impact of Comorbidity
Authors: Rühling Victoria , Gunnarsson Ulf , Dahlstrand Ursula , Sandblom Gabriel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the impact of chronic concomitant disease on the risk for postoperative complications following open groin hernia surgery.MethodsDuring the study period (2002–2011), 133,074 open repairs were registered in the Swedish Hernia Register. History of peripheral vascular disorders, connective tissue disease, chronic renal failure, obesity, and liver cirrhosis as well as data on hemorrhage or hematoma, wound dehiscence, postoperative infection, and reoperation for superficial infection or bleeding within 30 days after surgery were obtained by matching with the Swedish Patient Register.ResultsIn the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significantly increased risk for hemorrhage or hematoma within 30 days after surgery was seen for older patients, males, liver cirrhosis, peripheral vascular disease, and connective tissue disease (p < 0.05). High age (>80 years), previous history of peripheral vascular disease, connective tissue disease, and male gender were risk factors for wound dehiscence (p < 0.05). Liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, BMI > 25, and male gender were associated with increased risk for postoperative wound infection (p < 0.05). A significantly increased risk for reoperation for superficial infection or bleeding was seen in patients with peripheral vascular disease and elderly patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionRisk for postoperative complications in open groin hernia surgery is increased in elderly patients, patients with liver cirrhosis, and those with peripheral vascular disease. The indications for surgery should be weighed against the risk for wound‐healing complications in these patient groups. Watchful waiting may be an alternative, although this carries the risk of emergency surgery.