bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finiteness theorems and counting conjectures for the flux landscape
Authors: Grimm Thomas W. , Monnee Jeroen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the string theory landscape obtained from type IIB and F-theory flux compactifications. We first give a comprehensive introduction to a number of mathematical finiteness theorems, indicate how they have been obtained, and clarify their implications for the structure of the locus of flux vacua. Subsequently, in order to address finer details of the locus of flux vacua, we propose three mathematically precise conjectures on the expected number of connected components, geometric complexity, and dimensionality of the vacuum locus. With the recent breakthroughs on the tameness of Hodge theory, we believe that they are attainable to rigorous mathematical tools and can be successfully addressed in the near future. The remainder of the paper is concerned with more technical aspects of the finiteness theorems. In particular, we investigate their local implications and explain how infinite tails of disconnected vacua approaching the boundaries of the moduli space are forbidden. To make this precise, we present new results on asymptotic expansions of Hodge inner products near arbitrary boundaries of the complex structure moduli space.
Conformal to confining SQFTs from holography
Authors: Chatzis Dimitrios , Fatemiabhari Ali , Nunez Carlos , Weck Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper we present three new families of smooth Type II string theory backgrounds. These are dual to supersymmetry-preserving deformations of 4d SCFTs. The deformations include a VEV for a global current and a ‘twisted compactification’ on a circle. We study various holographic aspects of the dual QFTs, focusing on Wilson loops and Entanglement Entropy. Additionally, we present a monotonic quantity calculating the density of degrees of freedom in terms of the energy, which interpolates between the IR 3d gapped theory and the 4d SCFT result. Other probes related to global aspects of the QFTs are briefly discussed.
Hyperbolic vacua in Minkowski space
Authors: Melton Walker , Niewinski Filip , Strominger Andrew , Wang Tianli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Families of Lorentz, but not Poincare, invariant vacua are constructed for a massless scalar field in 4D Minkowski space. These are generalizations of the Rindler vacuum with a larger symmetry group. Explicit expressions are given as squeezed excitations of the Poincare vacuum. The effective reduced vacua on the 3D hyperbolic de Sitter slices are the well-known de Sitter α-vacua with antipodal singularities in the Wightman function. Several special interesting cases are discussed.
Neuroprotection by ADAM10 inhibition requires TrkB signaling in the Huntington’s disease hippocampus
Authors: Scolz Andrea , Vezzoli Elena , Villa Michela , Talpo Francesca , Cazzola Jessica , Raffin Francesca , Cordiglieri Chiara , Falqui Andrea , Pepe Giuseppe , Maglione Vittorio , Besusso Dario , Biella Gerardo , Zuccato Chiara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSynaptic dysfunction is an early pathogenic event leading to cognitive decline in Huntington’s disease (HD). We previously reported that the active ADAM10 level is increased in the HD cortex and striatum, causing excessive proteolysis of the synaptic cell adhesion protein N-Cadherin. Conversely, ADAM10 inhibition is neuroprotective and prevents cognitive decline in HD mice. Although the breakdown of cortico-striatal connection has been historically linked to cognitive deterioration in HD, dendritic spine loss and long-term potentiation (LTP) defects identified in the HD hippocampus are also thought to contribute to the cognitive symptoms of the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of ADAM10 to spine pathology and LTP defects of the HD hippocampus. We provide evidence that active ADAM10 is increased in the hippocampus of two mouse models of HD, leading to extensive proteolysis of N-Cadherin, which has a widely recognized role in spine morphology and synaptic plasticity. Importantly, the conditional heterozygous deletion of ADAM10 in the forebrain of HD mice resulted in the recovery of spine loss and ultrastructural synaptic defects in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Meanwhile, normalization of the active ADAM10 level increased the pool of synaptic BDNF protein and activated ERK neuroprotective signaling in the HD hippocampus. We also show that the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X restored LTP defects and increased the density of mushroom spines enriched with GluA1-AMPA receptors in HD hippocampal neurons. Notably, we report that administration of the TrkB antagonist ANA12 to HD hippocampal neurons reduced the beneficial effect of GI254023X, indicating that the BDNF receptor TrkB contributes to mediate the neuroprotective activity exerted by ADAM10 inhibition in HD. Collectively, these findings indicate that ADAM10 inhibition coupled with TrkB signaling represents an efficacious strategy to prevent hippocampal synaptic plasticity defects and cognitive dysfunction in HD.
Sequential Stub Matching for Asymptotically Uniform Generation of Directed Graphs with a Given Degree Sequence
Authors: van Ieperen Femke , Kryven Ivan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe discuss sequential stub matching for directed graphs and show that this process can be used to sample simple digraphs with asymptotically equal probability. The process starts with an empty edge set and repeatedly adds edges to it with a certain state-dependent bias until the desired degree sequence is fulfilled, whilst avoiding placing a double edge or self-loop. We show that uniform sampling is achieved in the sparse regime when the maximum degree $$d_\text {max}$$

d
max

is asymptotically dominated by $$m^{1/4}$$

m

1
/
4

, where m is the number of edges. The proof is based on deriving various combinatorial estimates related to the number of digraphs with a given degree sequence and controlling concentration of these estimates in large digraphs. This suggests that sequential stub matching can be viewed as a practical algorithm for almost uniform sampling of digraphs. We show that this algorithm can be implemented to feature a linear expected runtime O(m).
Einsamkeit bei Arbeitslosen mit psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Hussenoeder Felix S. , Koschig Maria , Conrad Ines , Pabst Alexander , Gatzsche Katharina , Bieler Luise , Alberti Mathias , Stengler Katarina , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Einsamkeit ist ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen und steht in Zusammenhang mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen. Dabei stellen Arbeitslose mit psychischen Erkrankungen (ALPE) eine Hochrisikogruppe in Hinblick auf Gesundheit und berufliche Wiedereingliederung dar. Ziel dieser Studie ist ein besseres Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen Soziodemografie, psychischer Gesundheit und Einsamkeit bei ALPE.

Methoden
Für die vorliegende Studie wurden die Fragebögen von 526 arbeitslosen Personen im ALG-2-Bezug und mit mindestens einer psychiatrischen Diagnose aus dem Erhebungszeitraum 09/2020–09/2023 ausgewertet. Es wurden 2 Regressionsanalysen mit robusten Schätzern und der Outcome-Variable Einsamkeit (University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale, UCLA) durchgeführt. Bei der ersten Regression wurde der alleinige Prädiktor soziales Netzwerk (Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6) verwendet, bei der zweiten wurden Schulden (Ja/Nein), Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), Angst (Mini-Symptom-Checkliste, MSCL) und Somatisierung (MSCL) ergänzt sowie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung und Zusammenleben mit Partner als Kontrollvariablen.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigen sich ein signifikant negativer Zusammenhang zwischen sozialem Netzwerk und Einsamkeit sowie ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hoher Bildung, Depression, Angst und Einsamkeit.

Diskussion
Bei den ALPE fanden sich im Vergleich zu anderen Studien hohe Belastungen durch Depression, Angst, Somatisierung und Einsamkeit. Die identifizierten Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialem Netzwerk, psychischer Gesundheit und Einsamkeit verdeutlichen die Wichtigkeit von psychologischen Screeningverfahren und/oder Diagnostik in dieser Hochrisikogruppe und bieten Ansatzpunkte für die Prävention.
Patientenberichtete Endpunkte – die Bedeutung der subjektiven Patientenperspektive für Forschung und klinische Versorgung
Authors: Dinkel Andreas , Jahnen Matthias 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungSymptome, Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen und die Lebensqualität können nur Patientinnen und Patienten adäquat beurteilen, die Einschätzung der Behandelnden stimmt diesbezüglich häufig nicht mit der von Betroffenen überein. Dem Rechnung tragend gewinnt die Berücksichtigung von patientenberichteten Endpunkten („patient-reported outcomes“, PROs) sowohl in der Forschung wie auch in der klinischen Routine an Bedeutung. In der praktischen Anwendung werden PROs nicht nur bei der Evaluation des Ergebnisses einer Behandlung berücksichtigt, sie können auch den Status vor einer therapeutischen Maßnahme beschreiben. Für die Erfassung der wichtigsten PROs liegen typischerweise mehrere reliable und valide Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente vor, sog. „patient-reported outcome measures“ (PROMs). Im klinischen Alltag können PROs z. B. für die Diagnostik und Behandlungsplanung oder im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements genutzt werden. Das routinemäßige Patientenmonitoring mittels digitaler Medien (ePROMs) stellt gegenwärtig das vielversprechendste und am meisten beachtete Anwendungsgebiet in der klinischen Routine dar. Systematische Übersichtsarbeiten zeigen, dass die routinemäßige Erfassung von PROs u. a. mit einer Verbesserung der Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation, gesteigerter Patientenzufriedenheit, Symptombesserung, höherer Lebensqualität und einer höheren Überlebensdauer assoziiert ist. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn die Ergebnisse des PRO-Monitorings an die Behandelnden zurückgemeldet werden. Trotz des inzwischen von vielen erkannten Nutzens von PROs und PROMs und der hohen Bereitschaft von Patienten, Angaben zu subjektiven Gesundheitsmerkmalen zu machen, gibt es noch zahlreiche Hürden bei deren Implementierung.
The problem of alignment
Authors: Hristova Tsvetelina , Magee Liam , Soldatic Karen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) produce sequences learned as statistical patterns from large corpora. Their emergent status as representatives of the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to an increased attention to the possibilities of regulating the automated production of linguistic utterances and interactions with human users in a process that computer scientists refer to as ‘alignment’—a series of technological and political mechanisms to impose a normative model of morality on algorithms and networks behind the model. Alignment, which can be viewed as the superimposition of normative structure onto a statistical model, however, reveals a conflicted and complex history of the conceptualisation of an interrelationship between language, mind and technology. This relationship is shaped by and, in turn, influences theories of language, linguistic practice and subjectivity, which are especially relevant to the current sophistication in artificially produced text. In this paper, we propose a critical evaluation of the concept of alignment, arguing that the theories and practice behind LLMs reveal a more complex social and technological dynamic of output coordination. We examine this dynamic as a two-way interaction between users and models by analysing how ChatGPT4 redacts perceived ‘anomalous’ language in fragments of Joyce’s Ulysses. We then situate this alignment problem historically, revisiting earlier postwar linguistic debates which counterposed two views of meaning: as discrete structures, and as continuous probability distributions. We discuss the largely occluded work of the Moscow Linguistic School, which sought to reconcile this opposition. Our attention to the Moscow School and later related arguments by Searle and Kristeva casts the problem of alignment in a new light: as one involving attention to the social regulation of linguistic practice, including rectification of anomalies that, like the Joycean text, exist in defiance of expressive conventions. The “problem of alignment” that we address here is, therefore, twofold: on one hand, it points to its narrow and normative definition in current technological development and critical research and, on the other hand, to the reality of complex and contradictory relations between subjectivity, technology and language that alignment problems reveal.
Influence of pre-treatment with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma on bond strength of TP340 titanium-PEEK direct bonding
Authors: Takenaka Kosuke , Nakamoto Soutaro , Koyari Ryosuke , Jinda Akiya , Toko Susumu , Uchida Giichiro , Setsuhara Yuichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirect bonding of a TP340 titanium to PEEK by hot pressing via pre-treatment of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet has been demonstrated. The plasma irradiation effect on the bonding surface on the bond strength after hot pressing was investigated. The tensile shear strength of TP340-PEEK joined by hot pressing after plasma pre-treatment was measured by comparing specimens bonded using conventional hot pressing and those bonded using adhesives. The plasma treatment to the TP340 side resulted in the formation of TiO2, which is chemically fed to oxide formation due to the irradiation of oxygen radicals generated by the plasma, resulting in a bond strength of less than 1 MPa, similar to the bond strength of the untreated specimens. The plasma irradiation effect on the PEEK side on the bond strength of TP340-PEEK bonded samples was also investigated. The bonding strength was increased by plasma irradiation to PEEK. As the plasma irradiation time was increased, the bonding strength gradually increased to 9.2 MPa, which is about 19 times higher than the bonding strength without plasma irradiation. These results suggest that oxygen radicals in the atmospheric pressure RF plasma jet produced oxygen-containing surface functional groups on the PEEK surface, which increased the strength of the TP340-PEEK direct joining.
Sediment trap illustrates taxon-specific seasonal signals in Southern Ocean zooplankton
Authors: Atherden Florence , Slomska Angelika , Manno Clara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSouthern Ocean zooplankton provide globally significant ecosystem services through their role in carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling and food webs. However, the remote and extreme nature of the Southern Ocean creates significant logistical difficulties for studying zooplankton all year round. Here, for the first time in the Southern Ocean, we present the seasonal occurrence of the zooplankton assemblage in the Northeast Scotia Sea using a sediment trap deployed throughout 2018 (P3 observation site, 52.80˚ S, 40.14˚ W). Results show that copepods and pteropods dominated trap abundance, representing 25.0–68.3% and 13.4–72.5% respectively, followed by amphipods (1.0–7.2%) and hydrozoa (0.2–15.6%). The dominant signal in copepods was consistent with previous observations using traditional (net) sampling methods while the relative contribution of pteropods, amphipods and hydrozoa was increased in our trap. Further, zooplankton showed taxon-specific seasonal signals, with a relatively high number of individuals throughout winter, including an increase in hydrozoa occurrences. This observation highlights the importance of zooplankton as source of nutrition for the benthic community in the winter. Our data reiterate the utility of sediment traps for observing zooplankton in remote locations and sampling specific taxa that might be otherwise understudied.
The impact of PET imaging on triple negative breast cancer: an updated evidence-based perspective
Authors: Filippi Luca , Urso Luca , Ferrari Cristina , Guglielmo Priscilla , Evangelista Laura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. It predominantly affects younger women and is associated with a poor prognosis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current role of positron emission tomography (PET) in the management of TNBC patients and to identify future research directions.

Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to February 2024. A team of five researchers conducted data extraction and analysis. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using a specific evaluation form.

Results
Twenty-eight studies involving 2870 TNBC patients were included in the review. Key clinical applications of PET in TNBC included predicting pathological complete response (pCR) in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), assessing the prognostic value of baseline PET, and initial disease staging. Two studies utilized PSMA-ligand agents, while the majority used [18F]FDG-based PET. Significant associations were found between baseline [18F]FDG uptake and molecular biomarkers such as PDL-1, androgen receptor, and Ki67. Baseline [18F]FDG PET led to the upstaging of patients from stage IIB to stage IV, influencing treatment decisions and survival outcomes. In the NAC setting, serial PET scans measuring changes in [18F]FDG uptake, indicated by maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), predicted pCR with varying cut-off values correlated with different response rates. Semiquantitative parameters such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and PET lung index were prognostic for metastatic disease.

Conclusions
In TNBC patients, [18F]FDG PET is essential for initial disease staging in both localized and metastatic settings. It is also useful for assessing treatment response to NAC. The ability of PET to correlate metabolic activity with molecular markers and predict treatment outcomes highlights its potential in TNBC management. Further prospective studies are needed to refine these clinical indications and establish its definitive role.
Residual gait deviations in children treated by medial open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip at long-term follow-up: a comparison with healthy controls
Authors: Demirel Mehmet , Evrendilek Halenur , Akalan N. Ekin , Bilgili Fuat , Meriç Emre , Kuchimov Shavkat , Önerge Kübra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to analyze and compare gait patterns and deviations at long-term follow-up in children who received medial open reduction (MOR) before 18 months for unilateral or bilateral hip developmental dysplasia (DDH).

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted on children who underwent MOR. The study population was divided into two groups: the unilateral group, including unilateral (five children with unilateral) and bilateral (five children with bilateral DDH). Ten healthy children were recruited for the control group. Spatiotemporal, kinematic, stiff-knee gait (SKG), and kinetic gait characteristics were analyzed.

Results
Stance time was significantly shorter in both the unilateral (median [IQR]; 590 ms, [560.0–612.5] and bilateral (575 ms, [550–637.5]) groups than in the control group (650, [602.5–677.5]) (p < 0.001), whereas swing time did not differ substantially (p = 0.065) There was no considerable difference in the mean knee flexion at swing between the unilateral (31.6°, [30–36]) and control (30.11°, [27.8–33.6] groups (p > 0.05), but the bilateral group (28.5°, [24.9–32.1]) showed the lower values than the other groups (p < 0.001 for bilateral vs unilateral group; p = 0.008 bilateral vs unilateral group). All the SKG parameters significantly differed among the groups in multi-group comparisons (p < 0.001 for each parameter). Three children had borderline SKG, and two had not-stiff limbs in the unilateral group. In the bilateral group, four children had stiff limbs, and one had borderline SKG. Most kinetic gait parameters were not statistically different between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
This study has revealed notable deviations in gait patterns of children with DDH treated by MOR at long-term follow-up compared to healthy children’s gait. MOR could negatively affect pelvic motion during gait due to impaired functions of the iliopsoas and adductor muscles, and SKG can be encountered secondary to iliopsoas weakness.
Fat-signal suppression in breast diffusion-weighted imaging: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Le Bihan Denis , Iima Mami , Partridge Savannah C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Fat-signal suppression is essential for breast diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (or diffusion-weighted MRI, DWI) as the very low diffusion coefficient of fat tends to decrease absolute diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Among several methods, the STIR (short-tau inversion recovery) method is a popular approach, but signal suppression/attenuation is not specific to fat contrary to other methods such as SPAIR (spectral adiabatic (or attenuated) inversion recovery). This article focuses on those two techniques to illustrate the importance of appropriate fat suppression in breast DWI, briefly presenting the pros and cons of both approaches.

Methods and results
We show here through simulation and data acquired in a dedicated breast DWI phantom made of vials with water and various concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) how ADC values obtained with STIR DWI may be biased toward tissue components with the longest T1 values: ADC values obtained with STIR fat suppression may be over/underestimated depending on the T1 and ADC profile within tissues. This bias is also illustrated in two clinical examples.

Conclusion
Fat-specific methods should be preferred over STIR for fat-signal suppression in breast DWI, such as SPAIR which also provides a higher sensitivity than STIR for lesion detection. One should remain aware, however, that efficient fat-signal suppression with SPAIR requires good B0 shimming to avoid ADC underestimation from residual fat contamination.

Clinical relevance statement
The spectral adiabatic (or attenuated) inversion recovery (SPAIR) method should be preferred over short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) for fat suppression in breast DWI.

Key Points

Fat-signal suppression is essential for breast DWI; the SPAIR method is recommended.

Short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) is not specific to fat; as a result, SNR is decreased and ADC values may be over- or underestimated.

The STIR fat-suppression method must not be used after the injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents.