bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Bubbling Fluidized Bed Risers: Effect of Cone Angle on Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Authors: Das Hirakh Jyoti , Mahanta Pinakeswar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a comparative study of fluid flow behavior and thermal characteristics of sand particles has been carried out numerically and experimentally in bubbling fluidized beds for five-cone angles of the riser wall having 0 deg, 5 deg, 10 deg, 15 deg, and 20 deg. An Eulerian model with a k–ε turbulence model is used to explore the numerical analysis, and the findings are compared to those of the experiments. For the study, the inlet air velocity is fixed at 1.5 m/s with sand particles filled up to 30 cm to maintain bubbling conditions in the risers. The results indicate that increasing the cone angle up to 10 deg while maintaining the amount of bed materials constant leads to a reduction in pressure drop. The expansion of particles along the riser is observed to decrease with the increase in the cone angle up to 10 deg. The radial solid volume fraction profile transforms to a U shape from the W-type profile as the cone angle increases up to 10 deg. Correspondingly, the solid velocity is found to have an inverted U-type and W-shaped profile for the risers. The granular temperature is also found to increase with a decrease in the solid percentage at any location. The average bed temperature, interphase, and bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient at a location of 10 cm axial height also increase with the cone angle increase up to 10 deg. As a result, the conical riser, when designed with a greater cone angle up to 10 deg, exhibits more efficiency in terms of heat transfer characteristics. The 3D simulation results are in strong concurrence with the experimental results in all investigations.
The Effect of Neurocognitive Training on Biomechanical Risk Factors Related to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hamoongard Majid , Letafatkar Amir , Thomas Abbey C. 
Published: August 2024

Context: The best current evidence supports the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the risk of injury; however, the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is still high. Neurocognitive training (NT) has successfully improved biomechanical risk factors, but they have been considered in only a few studies. Objective: To review the literature to determine the effect of NT on biomechanical risk factors related to ACL injury in athletes. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database from inception to August 2011. We included randomized controlled trials that used motor learning approaches and injury prevention programs to investigate kinematic and kinetic risk factors related to ACL injury. The quality of each clinical trial study was evaluated by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The eligibility criteria were checked based on the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study type) framework. Evidence Synthesis: A total of 9 studies were included in the final analysis. Motor learning approaches include internal and external focus of attention, dual tasks, visual motor training, self-control feedback, differential learning, and linear and nonlinear pedagogy, combined with exercise programs. In most of the studies that used NT, a significant decrease in knee valgus; tibial abduction and external rotation; ground reaction force; and an increase in knee-, trunk-, hip-, and knee-flexion moment was observed. Conclusion: In classical NT, deviation from the ideal movement pattern especially emphasizing variability and self-discovery processes is functional in injury prevention and may mitigate biomechanical risk factors of ACL injuries in athletes. Practitioners are advised to use sport-specific cognitive tasks in combination with neuromuscular training to simulate loads of the competitive environment. This may improve ACL injury risk reduction and rehabilitation programs.
Zinc-finger CCHC-type containing protein 8 promotes RNA virus replication by suppressing the type-I interferon responses
Authors: Tu Shaoyu , Zou Jiahui , Xiong Chuhan , Dai Chao , Sun Huimin , Luo Didan , Jin Meilin , Chen Huanchun , Zhou Hongbo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Host cells have evolved an intricate regulatory network to fine tune the type-I interferon responses. However, the full picture of this regulatory network remains to be depicted. In this study, we found that knock out of zinc-finger CCHC-type containing protein 8 (ZCCHC8) impairs the replication of influenza A virus (IAV), Sendai virus (Sev), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Further investigation unveiled that ZCCHC8 suppresses the type-I interferon responses by targeting the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathway. Mechanistically, ZCCHC8 associates with phosphorylated IRF3 and disrupts the interaction of IRF3 with the co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP). Additionally, the direct binding of ZCCHC8 with the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) impairs the ISRE-binding of IRF3. Our study contributes to the comprehensive understanding for the negative regulatory network of the type-I interferon responses and provides valuable insights for the control of multiple viruses from a host-centric perspective.

IMPORTANCE
The innate immune responses serve as the initial line of defense against invading pathogens and harmful substances. Negative regulation of the innate immune responses plays an essential role in avoiding auto-immune diseases and over-activated immune responses. Hence, the comprehensive understanding of the negative regulation network for innate immune responses could provide novel therapeutic insights for the control of viral infections and immune dysfunction. In this study, we report that ZCCHC8 negatively regulates the type-I interferon responses. We illustrate that ZCCHC8 impedes the IRF3-CBP association by interacting with phosphorylated IRF3 and competes with IRF3 for binding to ISRE. Our study demonstrates the role of ZCCHC8 in the replication of multiple RNA viruses and contributes to a deeper understanding of the negative regulation system for the type-I interferon responses.
Detection of glaucoma progression on longitudinal series of en-face macular optical coherence tomography angiography images with a deep learning model
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Vahid , Liang Youwei , Moghimi Sasan , Xie Pengtao , Nishida Takashi , Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Eslani Medi , Walker Evan , Kamalipour Alireza , Micheletti Eleonora , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Christopher Mark , Zangwill Linda M , Javidi Tara , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: August 2024

Background/aimsTo design a deep learning (DL) model for the detection of glaucoma progression with a longitudinal series of macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images.Methods202 eyes of 134 patients with open-angle glaucoma with ≥4 OCTA visits were followed for an average of 3.5 years. Glaucoma progression was defined as having a statistically significant negative 24-2 visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) rate. The baseline and final macular OCTA images were aligned according to centre of fovea avascular zone automatically, by checking the highest value of correlation between the two images. A customised convolutional neural network (CNN) was designed for classification. A comparison of the CNN to logistic regression model for whole image vessel density (wiVD) loss on detection of glaucoma progression was performed. The performance of the model was defined based on the confusion matrix of the validation dataset and the area under receiver operating characteristics (AUC).ResultsThe average (95% CI) baseline VF MD was −3.4 (−4.1 to −2.7) dB. 28 (14%) eyes demonstrated glaucoma progression. The AUC (95% CI) of the DL model for the detection of glaucoma progression was 0.81 (0.59 to 0.93). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (95% CI) of DL model were 67% (34% to 78%), 83% (42% to 97%) and 80% (52% to 95%), respectively. The AUC (95% CI) for the detection of glaucoma progression based on the logistic regression model was lower than the DL model (0.69 (0.50 to 0.88)).ConclusionThe optimised DL model detected glaucoma progression based on longitudinal macular OCTA images showed good performance. With external validation, it could enhance detection of glaucoma progression.Trial registration numberNCT00221897.
Central corneal thickness and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: a Mendelian randomisation mediation analysis
Authors: Katsimpris Andreas , Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar , Baurecht Hansjörg , Tatham Andrew J , Nolde Michael 
Published: August 2024

Background
The association of central corneal thickness (CCT) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains uncertain. Although several observational studies assessing this relationship have reported an inverse association between CCT and POAG, this could be the result of collider bias. In this study, we leveraged human genetic data to assess through Mendelian randomisation (MR) the effect of CCT on POAG risk and whether this effect is mediated by intraocular pressure (IOP) changes.

Methods

We used 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CCT (p value<5×10
−8
) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (N=17 803) provided by the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium and 53 SNPs associated with IOP (p value<5×10
−8
) from a GWAS of the UK Biobank (UKBB) (N=97 653). We related these instruments to POAG using a GWAS meta-analysis of 8283 POAG cases and 753 827 controls from UKBB and FinnGen.

Results
MR analysis suggested a positive association between CCT and POAG (OR of POAG per 50 µm increase in CCT: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.61; p value<0.01). MR mediation analysis showed that 28.4% of the total effect of CCT on POAG risk was mediated through changes in IOP. The primary results were consistent with estimates of pleiotropy-robust MR methods.

Conclusion
Contrary to most observational studies, our results showed that a higher CCT is associated with an increased risk of POAG.
Impact of aspirin dose according to race in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the ADAPTABLE randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Mulder Hillary , Wruck Lisa M , Benziger Catherine P , Effron Mark B , Farrehi Peter M , Girotra Saket , Gupta Kamal , Kripalani Sunil , Muñoz Daniel , Polonsky Tamar S , Whittle Jeff , Harrington Robert , Rothman Russell , Hernandez Adrian F , Jones WS 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the effectiveness and safety of low (81 mg daily) versus high-dose (325 mg daily) aspirin is consistent across races among patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).DesignA secondary analysis of the randomised controlled trial ADAPTABLE was performed.SettingThe study was conducted in 40 centres and one health plan participating in the National Patient-Centred Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) in the USA.ParticipantsAmong 15 076 participants with established ASCVD, 14 096 had self-reported race available and were included in the analysis. Participants were divided according to self-reported race as Black (n=1311, 9.3%), White (n=11 990, 85.1%) or other race (n=795, 5.6%).InterventionsParticipants were randomised to open-label daily aspirin doses of 81 mg versus 325 mg in a 1:1 ratio for a median of 26.2 months.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe primary effectiveness endpoint was a composite of death from any cause, hospitalisation for myocardial infarction or hospitalisation for stroke. The primary safety endpoint was hospitalisation for bleeding requiring blood product transfusion.ResultsEstimated cumulative incidence of the primary effectiveness endpoint at median follow-up with the 81 mg and the 325 mg daily doses were 6.70% and 7.12% in White participants (adjusted HR: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.88 to 1.15]); 12.27% and 10.69% in Black participants (adjusted HR: 1.40 [95% CI: 1.02 to 1.93]); and 6.88% and 7.69% in other participants (adjusted HR: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.54 to 1.39]) (p-interaction=0.12), respectively. There was no significant interaction between self-reported race and assigned aspirin dose regarding the secondary effectiveness and the primary safety endpoints.ConclusionRace is not an effect modifier on the impact of aspirin dosing on effectiveness and safety in patients with established ASCVD. In clinical practice, treatment decisions regarding aspirin dose in secondary prevention of ASCVD should not be influenced by race.Trial registration numberNCT02697916.
Pharmacist-led primary care interventions to promote medicines optimisation and reduce overprescribing: a systematic review of UK studies and initiatives
Authors: Chambers Duncan , Preston Louise , Clowes Mark , Cantrell Anna J , Goyder Elizabeth C 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo systematically review and synthesise evidence on the effectiveness and implementation barriers/facilitators of pharmacist-led interventions to promote medicines optimisation and reduce overprescribing in UK primary care.DesignSystematic review.SettingUK primary care.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library for UK-based studies published between January 2013 and February 2023. Targeted searches for grey literature were conducted in May 2023. Quantitative and qualitative studies (including conference abstracts and grey literature) that addressed a relevant intervention and reported a primary outcome related to changes in prescribing were eligible for inclusion. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Multiple Methods Appraisal Tool. We performed a narrative synthesis, grouping studies by publication status, setting and type of data reported (effectiveness or implementation).ResultsWe included 14 peer-reviewed journal articles and 11 conference abstracts, together with 4 case study reports. The journal articles reported 10 different interventions, 5 delivered in general practice, 4 in care homes and 1 in community pharmacy. The quality of evidence was higher in general practice than in care home settings. It was consistently reported that the intervention improved outcomes related to prescribing, although the limited number of studies and wide range of outcomes reported made it difficult to estimate the size of any effect. Implementation was strongly influenced by relationships between pharmacists and other health and care professionals, especially general practitioners. Implementation in care homes appeared to be more complex than in general practice because of differences in systems and ‘culture’ between health and social care.ConclusionsPharmacist-led interventions have been reported to reduce overprescribing in primary care settings in the UK but a shortage of high-quality evidence means that more rigorous studies using high-quality designs are needed. More research is also needed in community pharmacy settings; to assess intervention effects on patient outcomes other than prescribing and to investigate how reducing overprescribing can impact health inequalities.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023396366.
Comparing mechanochemical endovenous ablation using Flebogrif with endovenous laser ablation in the treatment of primary great saphenous vein incompetence: protocol for a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, observer-blinded, randomised controlled trial (REBORN trial)
Authors: Oud Sharon , Alozai Tamana , Schreve Michiel A , Mooij Michael C , van Vlijmen Clarissa J , Ünlü Çağdaş 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEndovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is associated with an excellent outcome in the treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. However, the use of thermal ablation requires tumescent anaesthesia and is associated with a risk of thermal damage. Mechanochemical endovenous ablation (MOCA) is a non-thermal ablation (NTA) alternative, which combines mechanical endothelial damage with the infusion of a sclerosant liquid or foam. Tumescent anaesthesia is not required. Preliminary experiences with MOCA using the Clarivein device show less intraprocedural and postprocedural pain and a faster clinical improvement compared with EVLA. Flebogrif (Balton, Poland) is a relatively new MOCA device. To determine the role of MOCA using Flebogrif, a well-designed, randomised controlled clinical trial of sufficient sample size and follow-up time is required. In this article, we provide the study protocol for the REBORN trial, aiming to demonstrate that MOCA using Flebogrif is not inferior to EVLA for the outcome of anatomical success in the treatment of GSV incompetence.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, observer-blinded, randomised controlled trial randomises patients who are diagnosed with GSV incompetence and aged 18–80 years between Flebogrif and EVLA. 310 patients in 3 participating centres (Northwest Clinics Alkmaar, Skin and Vein Clinic Oosterwal Alkmaar and Red Cross Hospital Beverwijk) will be included. The primary outcome is anatomical success at 12 months. Secondary outcomes are intraprocedural pain, operation time, technical success, postprocedural pain, safety, anatomical success during other follow-up moments, complications, clinical success, aesthetic result, disease-specific quality of life, reinterventions, anterior accessory saphenous vein reflux and neovascularisation. Patients will be followed up at 1 week, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 60 month(s) after treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review board (Medical Ethical Review Committee of the Vrije Universiteit Medical Center) approved this study on 17 May 2021 under case number 2020.0740. Written informed consent is obtained by the coordinating investigator from all participants prior to study enrolment. After completion of the trial, the results will be submitted to an international scientific journal for peer-reviewed publication.Trial registration numberOverzicht van Medisch-wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Nederland, NL-OMON25145, previously NL9527; Centrale Commissie Mensgebonden Onderzoek, NL74491.029.20.
Phase-resolved MRI for measurement of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation defects in comparison with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and129Xe MRI
Authors: Ouyang Tao , Tang Yichen , Zhang Chen , Yang Qi 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis meta-analysis aims to evaluate the agreement and correlation between phase-resolved functional lung MRI (PREFUL MRI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in evaluating perfusion defect percentage (QDP), as well as the agreement between PREFUL MRI and129Xe MRI in assessing ventilation defect percentage (VDP).MethodA systematic search was conducted in the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies comparing QDP and VDP measured by DCE MRI and129Xe MRI compared with PREFUL MRI. Meta-analytical techniques were applied to calculate the pooled weighted bias, limits of agreement (LOA) and correlation coefficient. The publication bias was assessed using Egger’s regression test, while heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and Higgins I2statistic.ResultsA total of 399 subjects from 10 studies were enrolled. The mean difference and LOA were −2.31% (−8.01% to 3.40%) for QDP and 0.34% (−4.94% to 5.62%) for VDP. The pooled correlations (95% CI) were 0.65 (0.55 to 0.73) for QDP and 0.72 (0.61 to 0.80) for VDP. Furthermore, both QDP and VDP showed a negative correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The pooled correlation between QDP and FEV1was −0.51 (−0.74 to −0.18), as well as between VDP and FEV1was −0.60 (−0.73 to −0.44).ConclusionsPREFUL MRI is a promising imaging for the assessment of lung function, as it demonstrates satisfactory deviations and LOA when compared with DEC MRI and129Xe MRI.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023430847.
Systematic development of an injury and illness prevention programme for athletes with a physical impairment: the TIPAS study
Authors: Luijten Sietske C M , Nauta Joske , Janssen Thomas , Holla Jasmijn , Jenniskens Simone C N , Verhagen Evert 
Published: August 2024

Background/aimThe participation of individuals with physical impairment in sports has numerous benefits, yet there is also the risk of sustaining sport-related injuries or illnesses. Therefore, prevention programmes of these problems are needed to ensure that individuals can maintain a healthy, active lifestyle. Currently, very few prevention interventions are accessible for these athletes. Therefore, the article aims to describe the development process of the Tailored Injury Prevention in Adapted Sports intervention, an online tailored injury and illness prevention intervention for athletes with a physical impairment.MethodsThe development was guided by the Knowledge Transfer Scheme (KTS).ResultsIn the first step, a cohort study and a qualitative study were conducted to define the problem statement. In the second step, a systematic review was performed in order to learn from theory. Steps 3 and 4 involved an iterative process involving collaboration with diverse expert groups. This included defining athletes’ needs and creating a health problem blueprint, after which the intervention content was created. To ensure accuracy and completeness, a feedback loop was incorporated. In the final phase of this step, we refined the language used within the intervention together with athletes. Finally, an effect and process evaluation will take place in the last step of the KTS.ConclusionsThrough a five-step approach of the KTS, we developed an online injury and illness prevention intervention for athletes with a physical impairment. This intervention provides direct, timely feedback based on their current health status. Furthermore, it takes the sport and the physical impairment of the athletes into account with regard to the given prevention advices.
Hang up your cleats and hope for the best? A cross-sectional study of five health domains in retired elite female rugby players
Authors: Thornton Jane S , Hewitt Chloe , Khan Karim , Speechley Mark , Ambrose Ashley , Reilly Kristen , Mountjoy Margo Lynn , Gouttebarge Vincent , Crossley Kay 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate retired elite female rugby players’ health outcomes (and their relationships) in five key areas (musculoskeletal, cognitive, mental, reproductive/endocrinological and cardiovascular) and how those compare with the general population.MethodsFemale rugby players aged ≥18 years old and retired from elite competition ≥2 years were recruited via email or social media to complete a 179-item online questionnaire and neurocognitive assessment. Data from general population controls (matched for age and sex) were obtained where available.Results159 participants responded (average age 43 (±5) years). 156 (98%) reported a hip/groin, knee, foot/ankle or lower back injury during their career, of which 104 (67%) reported ongoing pain. Participants reported worse hip and knee outcomes compared with the general population (p<0.0001). 146 (92%) reported sustaining one or more concussions. History of concussion was associated with lower-than-average scores on neurocognitive assessment. Compared with general population data, retired female rugby players reported less anxiety (OR=0.079 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.19)), depression (OR=0.67 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.78)) and distress (OR=0.17 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.19)). Amenorrhoea rates were higher compared with matched controls, and the age at menopause was younger. The prevalence of hypertension was higher. The rugby players perceived that their health decreased in retirement and cited a lack of physical activity as a main contributor.ConclusionOur findings point to the potential value of screening and monitoring, and identifying preventative measures during sporting careers to promote health and long-term quality of life for athletes.