bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Smoking Cessation Education Program on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy of Community Pharmacists in Japan: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Onda Mitsuko , Horiguchi Michiko , Domichi Masayuki , Sakane Naoki 
Published: August 2024

Background Supporting smoking cessation at pharmacies can be challenging owing to difficulties in recruiting smokers to participate in cessation programs, insufficient communication skills among pharmacists, and lack of knowledge and self-efficacy in successfully quitting smoking in Japan. Objective This study evaluates the effectiveness of a smoking cessation training program on community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in supporting smoking cessation. Methods The study, conducted in Japanese pharmacies with 100 community pharmacists, employed a quasi-experimental design. Two online training programs were implemented. Participants completed a web-based survey assessing their knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in supporting smoking cessation before, immediately after, and 1 year after the training program. A two-way analysis of variance with a mixed model was used to examine score changes at each time point. Results Total knowledge scores significantly increased between baseline and immediately after training and baseline and 1 year after training. The total attitude scores between baseline and immediately after training differed significantly. However, no differences were noted between baseline and 1 year after training. Total self-efficacy scores significantly increased at baseline, immediately after training, and between baseline and 1 year after training. Despite no significant interactions between the programs, there was a partial interaction effect on knowledge, with only the customized program having items whose knowledge levels improved after 1 year. Conclusion and Relevance The training program improved community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy regarding smoking cessation support. The customized program must be reinforced to improve support performance and maintain attitude.
Resilient fast nonlinear blind deconvolution with uniform initialization for the bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Ma Hao , Han Baokun , Wang Jinrui , Zhang Zongzhen , Bao Huaiqian 
Published: August 2024

[Formula: see text] The extraction of defective bearing feature under sudden load variations and mutual interference among components is a challenging task. The key is to overcome the strong background noise and random shock disturbances. Fast nonlinear blind deconvolution (FNBD) with superior noise adaptability is considered as a powerful tool to tackle the challenge. However, the reliability of FNBD is reduced by misdiagnosis under random shock interference and computational instability. In addition, extraction performance of FNBD is affected by the setting of complex parameters. To address above issues and broaden the applicability of FNBD, resilient fast nonlinear blind deconvolution (RFNBD) is proposed. First, the impact of filter initialization on the extraction accuracy and stability of FNBD is studied. The results indicate that the FNBD converges to components in the signal that are close to the center frequency of the initial filter, and the robustness of FNBD is limited by the original initialization mode. Based on this, a novel initialization pattern is proposed to improve the robustness under random shock interference and computational stability. Subsequently, the inferior filter elimination strategy is introduced to enhance the extraction efficiency and intelligence of RFNBD. Finally, the superior robustness under variable parameters and extraction performance under strong interference of RFNBD is demonstrated by simulation and experiment. In the XJTU-SY datasets, the proposed RFNBD extracted fault characteristic frequency and its first four harmonics from 16,384 sampling points 11 min earlier than the traditional method.
Contraindications to tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis for acute lower extremity ischemia
Authors: Singh Nikita , Santos Tyler , Ali Ali Basil , Khan Hason , Kibrik Pavel , Storch Jason , Bai Halbert , Awad Mark , Patel Ronak , Huber Michael , Ascher Enrico , Marks Natalie , Hingorani Anil 
Published: August 2024

Objective Previous randomized prospective trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of transcatheter tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis in treating acute limb ischemia (ALI) compared to conventional surgery. These pivotal trials have also highlighted contraindications for these procedures. Given recent advancements in techniques and technology, our aim is to reassess the relevance of these contraindications in contemporary practice. Methods A retrospective chart analysis was performed utilizing the inpatient medical records of consecutive individuals who underwent tPA treatment for acute limb ischemia (ALI) from September 2016 to April 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients aged 18 and above displaying clinical symptoms and imaging evidence of ALI within 14 days. All patients received tPA with suction thrombectomy following the fast-track thrombolysis protocol. In cases where a persistent thrombus or stenosis was detected, catheter-directed thrombolysis was considered overnight, and patients underwent angiography and reassessment in the operating room subsequently. Results Patients were classified into two groups based on the STILE trial’s established contraindications for endovascular treatment in acute limb ischemia (ALI). If a patient had any of these contraindications, they were placed in the contraindicated group. This resulted in 24 patients (32%) in the contraindicated group and 52 patients (68%) in the non-contraindicated group. No statistically significant demographic variations were observed between these groups. Contraindications in our study included uncontrolled hypertension (12/24, 50%), recent invasive procedures (7/27, 29%), history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) within 6 months (3/24, 12%), and intracranial malformation/neoplasms (2/24, 8%). Three patients within the non-contraindicated group experienced bleeding complications: two with puncture site bleeds and one with nasal bleeding. In contrast, one patient in the contraindicated group had transient postoperative hematuria. There were no significant differences in bleeding complications observed between the two groups ( p = .771). Additionally, no amputations were observed within our population. Conclusions In light of our study results and advancements in endovascular therapies, we can now safely and efficiently treat patients who were previously considered contraindicated for such treatments. It is essential to individualize treatments and carefully balance the risks and benefits of endovascular versus open surgical revascularization for these patients. Additionally, we believe that the nearly 30-year-old guidelines for endovascular therapies need to be revisited and updated to align with modern technology.
Thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm: Inside its pathophysiology
Authors: Manenti Antonio , Roncati Luca , Sorrentino Lorena , Farinetti Alberto , Borri Massimo , Manco Giuseppe , Coppi Giovanni , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Gelmini Roberta , Coppi Francesca 
Published: August 2024

Objectives Our aim was to investigate pathophysiology of pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta, an acute or chronic pathology, respectively, secondary to blunt thoracic trauma and aortitis, or complicating a deep penetrating aortic ulcer, intraparietal hematoma, aortic aneurysm, and even aortic graft, often with atherosclerosis as a common background. Methods Given the relative rarity of this disease, an “inductive” retrospective method made it possible to retrieve clinical, radiological, and histopathological elements, which were mutually compared and validated through a “deductive” process of reinterpretation. Results We have identified three main structural constituents of this disease: a cavity, a single blood entry port, communicating with the aortic lumen, and a pseudocapsule. It is often caused by a chronic degenerative pathology of the intima and medial layers of the aorta, typically involving elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells, with possible intermediate stages of deep aortic ulcer or intraparietal hematoma. Otherwise, the acute onset may be secondary to acute aortitis or aortic injury. Conclusions Today, thanks to the current angiographic tools represented by 3-D high resolution multidetector CT and MRI angiography, the diagnosis of thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm is easier, as well as its surgical indications.
The C-Brace® microprocessor controlled stance and swing orthosis improves safety, mobility, and quality of life at one year: Interim results from a prospective registry
Authors: Lundstrom Russell L , Klenow Tyler D , Morris Arri , Pobatschnig Barbara , Hibler Karl D , Kannenberg Andreas HJ 
Published: August 2024

Introduction The C-Brace microprocessor-controlled stance and swing control orthosis has been shown to improve function, mobility, and quality of life. A systematic registry to gather long-term, real-world safety and effectiveness data in patients fit with a C-Brace has not been performed. Methods International multicenter registry. Patients undergoing routine C-Brace fittings were assessed at baseline and 1 year after fitting. Primary outcomes were fast walking speed (FWS) measured by 25-foot or 10-meter walk test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Activity-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included the Patient-specific Functional Scale (PSFS), falls, pain, PROMIS Pain Interference (PI), and quality of life. Results 48 subjects with 1-year baseline and follow up data were analyzed. With the C-Brace, FWS improved by + 0.26 ± 0.33 m/s ( p < .0001), TUG by −8.1 ± 14.6 sec ( p < .0001), and ABC by + 24.9 ± 25.8% ( p < .0001). Mean falls reduced from 33 ± 77 to 3.0 ± 5.6 ( p = .0005). PSFS increased by 3.60 ± 2.34 points ( p < .0001). Outcomes for pain, PI and quality of life showed significant improvements with the C-Brace. Conclusion The C-Brace is an effective option to improve safety, mobility, and quality of life for patients needing a KAFO for ambulation.
A 10-Year Experience of an Integrated Geriatric Hip Fracture Treatment Protocol: Outcomes at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Hayward-Livingston Anna , Ozdag Yagiz , Kolessar David , Weinberg Jacob , Pamul Arpitha , Koury Kenneth , Balsamo Anthony 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Increasing incidence of fragility fractures has spurred development of protocols, largely focused on peri-operative care, with numerous proven benefits. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate outcomes of our hip fracture treatment program regarding successful protocol implementation, compliance, effect on subsequent fracture rates, and mortality during the first decade of adoption. Methods A retrospective review identified patients >65 years old with fragility hip fractures between 2010 and 2022. The HiROC (+) cohort consisted of patients who received a “High-Risk Osteoporosis Clinic” (HiROC) referral for bone health evaluation and bisphosphonate initiation as indicated. Additional fracture rates and mortality at 3 years were calculated. Protocol implementation and compliance over the first 10 years was analyzed in the four identified cohorts. Results A total of 1671 fragility hip fractures were identified, with 386 excluded due to insufficient follow-up, with an average age of 81.6 years and a median follow-up of 36.4 months. Of the 1280 included cases, 56% (n = 717) had a HiROC referral placed. HiROC(+) groups had lower subsequent fracture rates at two years, compared to those without referral (28% vs 13%, P < 0.0001) and those completing more steps of the protocol had lower subsequent fracture rates (28% vs 15% vs 13% vs 5%, P < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference was observed between the cohorts for anatomic site of subsequent fractures. Discussion Greater than half of all eligible patients were successfully captured by the protocol. Patients completing more steps of the protocol had lower subsequent fracture rates. Captured patients demonstrated reduced mortality rates when compared to current literature. Conclusion Successful implementation of this geriatric hip fracture protocol was associated with reduced additional fractures and mortality rates. Identifying steps of process failures in the protocol can provide opportunities for increased compliance and reduction in future fracture occurrences.
Are Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Validated for Spanish Language and Culture?
Authors: Siu Jeremy W. , Garcia-Lopez Edgar , Pandya Nirav K. , Feeley Brian , Shapiro Lauren M. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been adopted as a way to measure patient self-rated physical function and health status for patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Although multiple PROMs exist and have been translated into various languages, the cross-cultural adaptation and validity of these PROMs for Spanish-speaking patients is unknown. Purpose: To evaluate the adaptation quality and psychometric properties of Spanish-language adaptations of PROMs for patients with ACL injuries. Study Design: Scoping review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Under PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we reviewed published studies related to adaptation quality and psychometric properties of Spanish PROMs in patients with ACL injuries. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Reported Measures, the Quality Criteria for Psychometric Properties of Health Status Questionnaires, and the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The level of evidence for each PROM was determined based on the number of studies, methodological quality, consistency of results, and sample size. Results: The initial search strategy identified 5687 articles. After removal of duplicates, 1882 titles were screened, and 114 articles were assessed for eligibility. Six articles were selected for final review, comprising 4 PROMs: the Lysholm knee score, the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI), the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and the Lower Limb Functional Index. Three studies followed all 6 processes for cross-cultural adaptation. None of the studies demonstrated all 14 domains required for cross-cultural validity (eg, description of translator expertise). The ACL-RSI achieved the highest level of evidence, with 3 of 9 domains demonstrating moderate evidence. Conclusion: This review identified 4 instruments that have been translated for Spanish-speaking patients with ACL injuries, none of which demonstrated appropriate adaptation or robust psychometric properties. The study highlights the need for improvement in PROMs for Spanish-speaking patients and the potential for mismeasurement and inappropriate application of PROM results in patients with ACL injuries.
Design and Implementation of a Brief, Self-Directed Course on Immunotherapy Best Practices for Neurology Trainees
Authors: Blackburn Kyle M. , Sguigna Peter V. , Tardo Lauren , Khan Shaida , Vernino Steven , Phillips Lauren 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVESTo create and implement a brief, self-directed course on immunotherapy (IT) best practices for trainees on a neuroimmunology elective rotation.METHODSA working group of neurology faculty developed a curriculum covering the mechanism of action, indications, and necessary monitoring for different IT used in neurology practice. The content was presented as a web-based course and hosted on local servers. Neurology residents and fellows participating in a neuroimmunology elective were given access to the curriculum over a 2-week period. A multiple-choice assessment and questionnaire assessing learner confidence with IT was administered prior to starting the course, and again upon course completion. Twelve months after implementation, the pretest and posttest were revised following an item analysis.RESULTSTwenty-two neurology residents and fellows completed the course since July 2022. The average score on the first version of the pretest and posttest was 78% versus 92% ( P = .02), and 51% versus 70% ( P = .02) on the revised version. Trainee self-reported confidence with IT also improved, although only 59.1% of trainees completed the postcourse questionnaire. Respondents provided positive feedback on the format and content of the course and expressed a desire for a reference to the material for future use.CONCLUSIONIn this pilot study, our course improved resident confidence and knowledge of IT best practices. The course was well-received, and our methods can be implemented in a variety of clinical environments to supplement trainee learning.
Identification of novel cattle (Bos taurus) genes and biological insights of their function in pre-implantation embryo development
Authors: Schettini Gustavo P. , Morozyuk Michael , Biase Fernando H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Appropriate regulation of genes expressed in oocytes and embryos is essential for acquisition of developmental competence in mammals. Here, we hypothesized that several genes expressed in oocytes and pre-implantation embryos remain unknown. Our goal was to reconstruct the transcriptome of oocytes (germinal vesicle and metaphase II) and pre-implantation cattle embryos (blastocysts) using short-read and long-read sequences to identify putative new genes.

Results
We identified 274,342 transcript sequences and 3,033 of those loci do not match a gene present in official annotations and thus are potential new genes. Notably, 63.67% (1,931/3,033) of potential novel genes exhibited coding potential. Also noteworthy, 97.92% of the putative novel genes overlapped annotation with transposable elements. Comparative analysis of transcript abundance identified that 1,840 novel genes (recently added to the annotation) or potential new genes were differentially expressed between developmental stages (FDR < 0.01). We also determined that 522 novel or potential new genes (448 and 34, respectively) were upregulated at eight-cell embryos compared to oocytes (FDR < 0.01). In eight-cell embryos, 102 novel or putative new genes were co-expressed (|r|> 0.85, P < 1 × 10–8) with several genes annotated with gene ontology biological processes related to pluripotency maintenance and embryo development. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing confirmed that the disruption of one of the novel genes highly expressed in eight-cell embryos reduced blastocyst development (ENSBTAG00000068261, P = 1.55 × 10–7).

Conclusions
Our results revealed several putative new genes that need careful annotation. Many of the putative new genes have dynamic regulation during pre-implantation development and are important components of gene regulatory networks involved in pluripotency and blastocyst formation.
Microbial life in preferential flow paths in subsurface clayey till revealed by metataxonomy and metagenomics
Authors: Bak Frederik , Keuschnig Christoph , Nybroe Ole , Aamand Jens , Jørgensen Peter R. , Nicolaisen Mette H. , Vogel Timothy M. , Larose Catherine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Subsurface microorganisms contribute to important ecosystem services, yet little is known about how the composition of these communities is affected by small scale heterogeneity such as in preferential flow paths including biopores and fractures. This study aimed to provide a more complete characterization of microbial communities from preferential flow paths and matrix sediments of a clayey till to a depth of 400 cm by using 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS2 amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA. Moreover, shotgun metagenomics was applied to samples from fractures located 150 cm below ground surface (bgs) to investigate the bacterial genomic adaptations resulting from fluctuating exposure to nutrients, oxygen and water.

Results
The microbial communities changed significantly with depth. In addition, the bacterial/archaeal communities in preferential flow paths were significantly different from those in the adjacent matrix sediments, which was not the case for fungal communities. Preferential flow paths contained higher abundances of 16S rRNA and ITS gene copies than the corresponding matrix sediments and more aerobic bacterial taxa than adjacent matrix sediments at 75 and 150 cm bgs. These findings were linked to higher organic carbon and the connectivity of the flow paths to the topsoil as demonstrated by previous dye tracer experiments. Moreover, bacteria, which were differentially more abundant in the fractures than in the matrix sediment at 150 cm bgs, had higher abundances of carbohydrate active enzymes, and a greater potential for mixotrophic growth.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the preferential flow paths in the subsurface are unique niches that are closely connected to water flow and the fluctuating ground water table. Although no difference in fungal communities were observed between these two niches, hydraulically active flow paths contained a significantly higher abundance in fungal, archaeal and bacterial taxa. Metagenomic analysis suggests that bacteria in tectonic fractures have the genetic potential to respond to fluctuating oxygen levels and can degrade organic carbon, which should result in their increased participation in subsurface carbon cycling. This increased microbial abundance and activity needs to be considered in future research and modelling efforts of the soil subsurface.