bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market Survey and Risk Assessment for Trace Metals in Edible Fungi and the Substrate Role in Accumulation of Heavy Metals
Authors: Huang Qingqing , Jia Yan , Wan Yanan , Li Huafen , Jiang Rongfeng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLevels of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were investigated in 285 samples of 9 species of edible fungi (Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, Flammulina velutipes, Agrocybe chaxinggu, Armillaria mellea, Agaricus bisporus, and Pholiota nameko), which were collected from markets in Beijing, China. In addition, edible fungi and culture substrates were collected from 7 cultivation bases to examine the role of the substrate in trace metal accumulation. Trace metal concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. Data showed that all the edible fungi contained trace metals, the levels of which varied among species, and there were significant positive correlations between trace metal (Cd, Pb, and As) concentrations in mushrooms and their substrates. The concentrations of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn in the tested fungi ranged from 0.005 to 13.8 mg/kg, nd to 1.62 mg/kg, nd to 0.506 mg/kg, 0.011 to 22.1 mg/kg, 46.3 to 2514 mg/kg, and 14.6 to 289 mg/kg, respectively. In general, concentrations of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn were relatively high in L. edodes, whereas Tremella fuciformis and P. nameko had relatively low levels of trace metals. Furthermore, the estimated weekly intake of trace metals was calculated and compared with the WHO/FAO provisional tolerable weekly intake. The estimated weekly intake of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn from consuming edible fungi was lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake.
Metabolic Activation of Heterocyclic Amines and Expression of Xenobiotic‐Metabolizing Enzymes in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Rats
Authors: Darwish Wageh S. , Nakayama Shouta M. M. , Itotani Yuumi , Ohno Marumi , Ikenaka Yoshinori , Ishizuka Mayumi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHeterocyclic amines get entry into human body mainly through ingestion of pan‐fried meats cooked at high temperatures. Exposure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to ingested xenobiotics prior to delivery to the liver may lead to metabolic activation, which may explain the high incidence of GIT carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study investigated the mutagenic activation of 2 heterocyclic amines, 2‐aminoanthracene (2‐AA) and 3‐amino‐1‐methyl‐5H‐prydo[4,3‐b]indole (Trp‐P‐2), in the GIT of rats. In addition, the constitutive mRNA expression profiles of xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) in the GIT of rats were examined. Metabolic activation of 2‐AA was detected in all GIT tissues except the duodenum and rectum, and it was detected at high levels in the ileum and cecum. Furthermore, we revealed high metabolic activation of 2‐AA and Trp‐P‐2 in the jejunum. The mRNA expression of phase I and II enzymes in rat GIT corresponded with their mutagenic activation ability. In conclusion, our results suggest that different expression levels of XME among GIT tissues may contribute to the tissue‐specific differences in metabolic activation of xenobiotics such as heterocyclic amines in rats.
Subsidence and thermal history of an inverted Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous extensional basin (Cameros, North‐central Spain) affected by very low‐ to low‐grade metamorphism
Authors: Omodeo‐Salé Silvia , Salas Ramon , Guimerà Joan , Ondrak Robert , Mas Ramon , Arribas José , Suárez‐Ruiz Isabel , Martinez Luis 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Cameros Basin (North Spain) is a Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous extensional basin, which was inverted during the Cenozoic. It underwent a remarkable thermal evolution, as indicated by the record of anomalous high temperatures in its deposits. In this study, the subsidence and thermal history of the basin is reconstructed, using subsidence analysis and 2D thermal modelling. Tectonic subsidence curves provide evidence of the occurrence of two rapid subsidence phases during the syn‐extensional stage. In the first phase (Tithonian‐Early Berriasian), the largest accommodation space was formed in the central sector of the basin, whereas in the second (Early Barremian‐Early Albian), it was formed in the northern sector. These rapid subsidence phases could correspond to relevant tectonic events affecting the Iberian Plate at that time. By distinguishing between the initial and thermal subsidence and defining their relative magnitudes, Royden's (1986) method was used to estimate the heat flow at the end of the extensional stage. A maximum heat flow of 60–65 mW/m2 is estimated, implying only a minor thermal disturbance associated with extension. In contrast with these data, very high vitrinite reflectance, anomalously distributed in some case with respect to the typical depth‐vitrinite reflectance relation, was measured in the central‐northern sector of the basin. Burial and thermal data are used to construct a 2D thermal basin model, to elucidate the role of the processes involved in sediment heating. Calibration of the thermal model with the vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) and fluid inclusion (FI) data indicates that in the central and northern sectors of the basin, an extra heat source, other than a typical rift, is required to explain the observed thermal anomalies. The distribution of the %Ro and FI values in these sectors suggests that the high temperatures and their distribution are related to the circulation of hot fluids. Hot fluids were attributed to the hydrothermal metamorphic events affecting the area during the early post‐extensional and inversion stages of the basin.
Diversity and Coexistence of Ectoparasites in Small Rodents in a Tropical Dry Forest
Authors: Gómez‐Rodríguez Ruth A. , Gutiérrez‐Granados Gabriel , Montiel‐Parra Griselda , Rodríguez‐Moreno Ángel , Sánchez‐Cordero Víctor 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo understand the mechanisms driving species diversity is central to community ecology. Here, we explored if habitat partitioning is associated with a species‐rich ectoparasite community in small rodents from a tropical dry forest in western Mexico. We trapped 199 mice in three 0.5 ha‐plots from eight small rodent species for every two months, from July 2011 to April 2012, and collected their ectoparasites. We identified 17 species of mites, two sucking lice species, two phoretic species, and one commensal species. The most abundant ectoparasite species was Steptolaelaps liomydis, representing 42 percent of all ectoparasites collected; seven ectoparasite species had < 10 individuals. Eighteen ectoparasite species (of 22 species) were collected from the most abundant rodent Liomys pictus. C‐score and the number of checkerboard species pairs were significantly higher against a random expectation. Ectoparasite species in L. pictus mice showed host microhabitat partitioning; Fahrenholzia ehrlichi and Fahrenholzia texana were found only in the anterior dorsal area, Ornithonysus sp. occurred along the dorsal part, Ixodes species were restricted to the ears, and Steptolaelaps liomydis was found throughout the body. We also identified ectoparasite communities with distinct species composition in two rodent species that use contrasting macrohabitats (L. pictus, strictly terrestrial; Peromyscus perfulvus, mostly arboreal). The remaining and low abundant rodent species showed a species‐poor ectoparasite community composition. We conclude that habitat partitioning at both macro and microhabitat scales appeared to characterize the species‐rich ectoparasite community. Conversely, most rodent host species with low abundances showed a species‐poor ectoparasite community.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Study of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: New Acridone‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids
Authors: Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Mahdavi Mohammad , Saeedi Mina , Sabourian Reyhaneh , Safavi Maliheh , Khanavi Mahnaz , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh 
Published: June 2015

In this study, novel acridone‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among various synthesized compounds, 10‐((1‐((3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl)methyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)acridin‐9(10H)‐one 10b showed the most potent anti‐acetylcholinesterase activity (IC50 = 11.55 μm) being as potent as rivastigmine. Also docking outcomes were in good agreement with in vitro results confirming the dual binding inhibitory activity of compound 10b.
Working with families with parental mental health and/or drug and alcohol issues where there are child protection concerns: inter‐agency collaboration
Authors: Coates Dominiek 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChild abuse commonly occurs within the context of multiple risk factors, in particular parental mental health and/or drug and alcohol problems. As no one agency can address all these factors, inter‐agency collaboration is paramount to the protection of vulnerable children, especially in families with a complex array of problems. This paper outlines a range of recommendations to improve collaboration between child protection workers and mental health/drug & alcohol (MH/D&A) clinicians from the perspective of Keep Them Safe‐Whole Family Team (KTS‐WFT) clinicians. Taking referrals from child protection, the KTS‐WFT offers interventions to families with parental MH/D&A problems where there are child protection concerns. As part of a larger evaluation of a KTS‐WFT site, 10 KTS‐WFT clinicians participated in in‐depth interviews. Analysis of the interviews identified collaboration with child protection as a primary theme. Participants reported a number of barriers to effective collaboration; in particular, participants reported challenges with information sharing and confidentiality, inconsistency in terms of the level and style of collaboration, tensions between the different theoretical paradigms that underpin practice for MH/D&A clinicians vs. child protection workers, and insufficient clarity around processes and expectations. Consistent with the identified barriers, primary recommendations to improve collaboration were to improve information sharing, overcome silo ways of thinking, manage risk together more consistently, and develop consistent processes and expectations.
Does ridge preservation following tooth extraction improve implant treatment outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Mardas Nikos , Trullenque‐Eriksson Anna , MacBeth Neil , Petrie Aviva , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjective(1) Primary focused question (Q1): to evaluate the effect of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) on implant outcomes (implant placement feasibility, need for further augmentation, survival/success rates, marginal bone loss) compared with unassisted socket healing (USH) and (2) secondary focused question (Q2): to estimate the size effects (SE) of these outcomes in three different interventions (GBR, socket filler, socket seal).Material and methodsElectronic (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register LILACS; Web of Science) and hand search was conducted up to July 2014. Randomised controlled trials (RCT), controlled clinical trials (CCT) and prospective cohort studies with USH as controls were eligible in the analysis for Q1. RCTs, CCTs and prospective case series, with or without USH as control, were eligible for Q2.ResultsTen (8 RCTs, 2 CCTs) and 30 studies (21 RCTs, 7 CCTs, 2 case series) were included in the analysis for Q1 and Q2, respectively. The risk for bias was unclear or high in most of them. Q1: Implant placement was feasible in ARP‐treated and USH sites. These implants presented similar survival/success rates and marginal bone levels. The need for further augmentation decreased when ARP was performed (Relative risk: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07–0.3). Q2: The SE for implant placement feasibility was 98.5% (95% CI: 96.4–99.6) in GBR and 96.2 (95% CI: 93.1–98.2) in socket filler group. The SE for need for further augmentation was 11.9 (95% CI: 5.6–19.9) for GBR and 13.7% (95% CI: 5.0–25.6) for socket filler groups. GBR and socket filler presented similar SE for survival/success rates and average marginal bone loss. Limited data were available for implant‐related outcomes in sites treated with socket seal.ConclusionsThere is limited evidence to support the clinical benefit of ARP over USH in improving implant‐related outcomes despite a decrease in the need for further ridge augmentation during implant placement. Similar implant placement feasibility, survival/success rates and marginal bone loss should be anticipated following ARP or USH. Currently, it is not clear which type of ARP intervention has a superior impact on implant outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of Laggera pterodonta in children 3–24 months with acute bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shang Xiaoli , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Sangsupawanich Pasuree , Xia Xiaoling , He Ping , Cao Hong , McNeil Edward 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionLaggera pterodonta, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been commonly used in respiratory tract infections for more than hundreds of years without any randomized controlled trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Laggera pterodonta in hospitalized children aged 3–24 months with acute bronchiolitis.MethodsA double‐blind, randomized‐controlled trial was conducted in three tertiary hospitals of Kunming, China. A total of 133 acute bronchiolitis children with an initial episode of wheezing were randomly assigned to a control mixture or Laggera pterodonta mixture. All recruited patients were given three doses of the mixture every 24 h for 5 days. Clinical symptoms and responses including adverse events in both groups were assessed and laboratory tests were done at enrolment and then after 120 h. Analysis was performed based on an intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultsSignificantly more hospitalized children fulfilled the discharge criteria at 96 h and 120 h in the Laggera pterodonta mixture group compared to the control group (97% vs 75.8% P < 0.001 and 98.5% vs 89.4% P = 0.03), respectively. Better responses on clinical severity score, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, wheezing and heart rate were also detected in the Laggera pterodonta mixture group along with lower white blood cell count, platelet count and aspartate aminotransferase. Vomiting and diarrhea were more common in the control group.ConclusionLaggera pterodonta mixture is effective and safe to be prescribed in hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis.
Sequential occurrence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome in a non‐smoker female patient
Authors: Gupta Pawan , Dash Devijyoti , Mittal Richa , Chhabra Sunil K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) syndrome is a unique and an under‐recognized disorder characterized by emphysema in the upper lobes and interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobes of the lung. It occurs predominantly in males and almost exclusively in smokers. This rare combination of a restrictive and an obstructive mechanical defect carries a poorer prognosis than either of the two components. We present a case of CPFE syndrome in a non‐smoker female patient who developed lower lobe emphysema subsequent to development of interstitial fibrosis. The case was remarkable for the extreme rarity of several presenting features, namely, a lower lobe occurrence of emphysema subsequent to pre‐existent interstitial fibrosis, female gender and absence of a history of smoking.
An Ecclesia and Missio Crucis: Douglas John Hall's Contribution to the Missional Church Conversation
Authors: Peterson Cheryl M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCanadian theologian Douglas John Hall's contextual analysis of the church in North America has contributed significantly to the missional church conversation; however, his own constructive ecclesiology has received less attention. This article presents and critically examines Hall's proposal of a “suffering church” and offers constructive suggestions for further developing it: expanding solidarity into accompaniment; shifting from the category of representation to reconciliation as the paradigm for the church's mission; and finally, considering the theology of the cross in more pneumatological terms.
Contrast invariance of orientation tuning in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the feline visual system
Authors: Viswanathan Sivaram , Jayakumar Jaikishan , Vidyasagar Trichur R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractResponses of most neurons in the primary visual cortex of mammals are markedly selective for stimulus orientation and their orientation tuning does not vary with changes in stimulus contrast. The basis of such contrast invariance of orientation tuning has been shown to be the higher variability in the response for low‐contrast stimuli. Neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), which provides the major visual input to the cortex, have also been shown to have higher variability in their response to low‐contrast stimuli. Parallel studies have also long established mild degrees of orientation selectivity in LGN and retinal cells. In our study, we show that contrast invariance of orientation tuning is already present in the LGN. In addition, we show that the variability of spike responses of LGN neurons increases at lower stimulus contrasts, especially for non‐preferred orientations. We suggest that such contrast‐ and orientation‐sensitive variability not only explains the contrast invariance observed in the LGN but can also underlie the contrast‐invariant orientation tuning seen at the level of the primary visual cortex.
The effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on mechanical and thermal thresholds in 6OHDA‐lesioned rats
Authors: Gee Lucy E. , Chen Nita , Ramirez‐Zamora Adolfo , Shin Damian S. , Pilitsis Julie G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChronic pain is a major complaint for up to 85% of Parkinson's disease patients; however, it often not identified as a symptom of Parkinson's disease. Adequate treatment of motor symptoms often provides analgesic effects in Parkinson's patients but how this occurs remains unclear. Studies have shown both Parkinson's patients and 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats exhibit decreased sensory thresholds. In humans, some show improvements in these deficits after subthalamic deep brain stimulation, while others report no change. Differing methods of testing and response criteria may explain these varying results. We examined this effect in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were unilaterally implanted with subthalamic stimulating electrodes in the lesioned right hemisphere and sensory thresholds were tested using von Frey, tail‐flick and hot‐plate tests. Tests were done during and off subthalamic stimulation at 50 and 150 Hz to assess its effects on sensory thresholds. The 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned animals exhibited lower mechanical (left paw, P < 0.01) and thermal thresholds than shams (hot plate, P < 0.05). Both 50 and 150 Hz increased mechanical (left paw; P < 0.01) and thermal thresholds in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats (hot‐plate test: 150 Hz, P < 0.05, 50 Hz, P < 0.01). Interestingly, during von Frey testing, low‐frequency stimulation provided a more robust improvement in some 6OHDA lesioned rats, while in others, the magnitude of improvement on high‐frequency stimulation was greater. This study shows that subthalamic deep brain stimulation improves mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned animals at both high and low frequencies. Furthermore, we suggest considering using low‐frequency stimulation when treating Parkinson's patients where pain remains the predominant complaint.
Clostridium botulinum type C hemagglutinin affects the morphology and viability of cultured mammalian cells via binding to the ganglioside GM3
Authors: Sugawara Yo , Iwamori Masao , Matsumura Takuhiro , Yutani Masahiro , Amatsu Sho , Fujinaga Yukako 
Published: June 2015

Botulinum neurotoxin is conventionally divided into seven serotypes, designated A–G, and is produced as large protein complexes through associations with non‐toxic components, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and non‐toxic non‐HA. These non‐toxic proteins dramatically enhance the oral toxicity of the toxin complex. HA is considered to have a role in toxin transport through the intestinal epithelium by carbohydrate binding and epithelial barrier‐disrupting activity. Type A and B HAs disrupt E‐cadherin‐mediated cell adhesion, and, in turn, the intercellular epithelial barrier. Type C HA (HA/C) disrupts the barrier function by affecting cell morphology and viability, the mechanism of which remains unknown. In this study, we identified GM3 as the target molecule of HA/C. We found that sialic acid binding of HA is essential for the activity. It was abolished when cells were pre‐treated with an inhibitor of ganglioside synthesis. Consistent with this, HA/C bound to a‐series gangliosides in a glycan array. In parallel, we isolated clones resistant to HA/C activity from a susceptible mouse fibroblast strain. These cells lacked expression of ST‐I, the enzyme that transfers sialic acid to lactosylceramide to yield GM3. These clones became sensitive to HA/C activity when GM3 was expressed by transfection with the ST‐I gene. The sensitivity of fibroblasts to HA/C was reduced by expressing ganglioside synthesis genes whose products utilize GM3 as a substrate and consequently generate other a‐series gangliosides, suggesting a GM3‐specific mechanism. Our results demonstrate that HA/C affects cells in a GM3‐dependent manner.
Eukaryotic formylglycine‐generating enzyme catalyses a monooxygenase type of reaction
Authors: Peng Jianhe , Alam Sarfaraz , Radhakrishnan Karthikeyan , Mariappan Malaiyalam , Rudolph Markus Georg , May Caroline , Dierks Thomas , von Figura Kurt , Schmidt Bernhard 
Published: June 2015

C α‐formylglycine (FGly) is the catalytic residue of sulfatases in eukaryotes. It is generated by a unique post‐translational modification catalysed by the FGly‐generating enzyme (FGE) in the endoplasmic reticulum. FGE oxidizes a cysteine residue within the conserved CxPxR sequence motif of nascent sulfatase polypeptides to FGly. Here we show that this oxidation is strictly dependent on molecular oxygen (O2) and consumes 1 mol O2 per mol FGly formed. For maximal activity FGE requires an O2 concentration of 9% (105 μm). Sustained FGE activity further requires the presence of a thiol‐based reductant such as DTT. FGly is also formed in the absence of DTT, but its formation ceases rapidly. Thus inactivated FGE accumulates in which the cysteine pair Cys336/Cys341 in the catalytic site is oxidized to form disulfide bridges between either Cys336 and Cys341 or Cys341 and the CxPxR cysteine of the sulfatase. These results strongly suggest that the Cys336/Cys341 pair is directly involved in the O2‐dependent conversion of the CxPxR cysteine to FGly. The available data characterize eukaryotic FGE as a monooxygenase, in which Cys336/Cys341 disulfide bridge formation donates the electrons required to reduce one oxygen atom of O2 to water while the other oxygen atom oxidizes the CxPxR cysteine to FGly. Regeneration of a reduced Cys336/Cys341 pair is accomplis‐hed in vivo by a yet unknown reductant of the endoplasmic reticulum or in vitro by DTT. Remarkably, this monooxygenase reaction utilizes O2 without involvement of any activating cofactor.