bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of FFF process parameters to improve the tensile strength and impact energy of polylactic acid/carbon nanotube composite
Authors: Hardani Hatam , Afshari Mahmoud , Allahyari Fatemeh , Samadi Mohammad Reza , Afshari Hossein , Medina Edison Marcelo Melendres 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the process parameters of fused filament fabrication are optimized to improve the tensile strength and impact energy of polylactic acid/carbon nanotube (PLA/CNT) composite. Hence, the utility function (UF) technique and response surface method (RSM) are applied to explore the optimal levels of the effective parameters of print speed, nozzle temperature, and CNT content. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and SEM analyses are employed to examine the thermal properties of the printed samples. The results of DSC and TGA analyses exhibited that the incorporation of CNT into PLA enhanced the thermal strength of PLA/CNT composite. The addition of CNTs in the composite improved the tensile strength by 37%, while the addition of CNTs up to 4 wt% improved the impact energy by 29%. Moreover, an increment of the print speed to 60 mm/s reduced the impact energy (12%) and tensile strength (22%), while an increment of the nozzle temperature to 200°C enhanced the impact energy (9%) and tensile strength (12%). The optimization results demonstrated that the strength and impact energy of PLA/CNT composite optimized at CNT content of 2.8 wt%, print speed of 20 mm/s, and nozzle temperature of 209°C. Additionally, the impact energy and tensile strength of the PLA/CNT composite enhanced up to 62.5 MPa and 2.14 J at the optimum conditions.Highlights
Application of FFF process for producing the PLA/CNT composite
Investigating the impact of FFF parameters on the mechanical properties
Estimating the optimal conditions of the FFF process
Optimization of rubber mixture production using a validated technological sequence of methods
Authors: Uruk Zeynep , Kiraz Alper , Karaağaç Bağdagül 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, a combination of Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs is applied to discover the relationships between the components of rubber compounds and technical specifications. Optimization of rubber compound formulation is realized by support vector regression integrated genetic algorithm to minimize compound cost. Twelve components potentially affecting the technical specifications of rubber compound, which are natural rubber, carbon black, white filler, stearic acid, zinc oxide, antiozonant, antioxidant, process oil, curing retarder, curing agent, and accelerator, are screened through Plackett–Burman design to decide the significant variables. Afterwards, four significant parameters, including carbon black, process oil, curing agent, and accelerator are analyzed using Box–Behnken design to minimize the number of experiments while obtaining the correlation between formulation and specifications. Lastly, a support vector regression integrated genetic algorithm is implemented to predict optimum compound formulation at minimum cost.Highlights
Optimization of rubber compound to reduce the mixture and curing cost.
Combination of Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs.
Integration of support vector regression to genetic algorithm.
Correlations between the amounts of components and technical specifications.
Anionic polyaddition of 1,1‐diphenylethylene derivatives for novel hydrocarbon polymers
Authors: Matsumoto Honoka , Tanioka Daisuke , Adachi Kaoru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe anionic polyaddition of methyl‐substituted 1,1‐diphenylethylene derivatives, catalyzed by lithium diisopropylamide, was examined. Polymerization of the monomer was conducted at 50°C in THF with the addition of diisopropylamine. NMR and MALDI‐TOF‐MS analyses of the obtained polymer indicate that polymerization proceeded via a polyaddition reaction, in other words, repetition of the lithium amide‐induced metalation reaction of the monomer at the methyl group and the subsequent nucleophilic addition reaction of the corresponding benzyllithium with the vinyl group in the monomer. On the other hand, the unsubstituted diphenylethylene monomer could not be polymerized by the same reaction condition. Consequently, the resulting polymer was indeed obtained by an anionic polyaddition mechanism. In conclusion, a novel hydrocarbon polymer containing a phenyl group in the main chain of the repeating unit was successfully obtained from a methyl‐substituted 1,1‐diphenylethylene monomer.
Long‐chain fatty acids block allergic reaction against lipid transfer protein Sola l 7 from tomato seeds
Authors: Parrón‐Ballesteros Jorge , Martín‐Pedraza Laura , Gordo Rubén G. , Mayorga Cristobalina , Pastor‐Vargas Carlos , Titaux‐Delgado Gustavo A. , Villalba Mayte , Batanero Eva , Pantoja‐Uceda David , Turnay Javier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the benefits of tomato as an antioxidant and vitamin source, allergy to this vegetable food is a clinically concerning problem. Sola l 7, a class I lipid transfer protein found in tomato seeds, has been identified as an allergen linked to severe anaphylaxis. However, the role of lipid binding in Sola l 7‐induced allergy remains unclear. Here, the three‐dimensional structure of recombinant Sola l 7 (rSola l 7) has been elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Its interaction with free fatty acids has been deeply studied; fluorescence emission spectroscopy revealed that different long‐chain fatty acids interact with the protein, affecting the only tyrosine residue present in Sola l 7. On the contrary, no changes in the overall secondary structure were observed after the analysis of the circular dichroism spectra in the presence of fatty acids. Unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids presented higher affinity and promoted more significant changes than saturated or short‐chain fatty acids. 1H‐15N HSQC NMR spectra allowed to determine the regions of the protein that were modified when rSola l 7 interacts with the fatty acids, suggesting epitope modification after the interaction. For corroboration, IgG and IgE binding to rSola l 7 were assessed in the presence of free fatty acids, revealing that both IgE and IgG binding were significantly lower than in their absence, suggesting a potential protective role of unsaturated fatty acids in tomato allergy.
Quasinormal Frequencies of Fields with Various Spin in the Quantum Oppenheimer–Snyder Model of Black Holes
Authors: Skvortsova Milena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA recent development involves an intriguing model of a quantum‐corrected black hole, established through the application of the quantum Oppenheimer–Snyder model within loop quantum cosmology [Lewandowski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. (2023) 130, 101501]. Employing both time‐domain integration and the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approach, the quasinormal frequencies for scalar, electromagnetic, and neutrino perturbations in these quantum‐corrected black holes are computed. This analysis reveals that while the real oscillation frequencies undergo only minor adjustments due to the quantum parameter, the damping rate experiences a significant decrease as a result of its influence. The author also deduced the analytic formula for quasinormal frequencies in the eikonal limit and showed that the correspondence between the null geodesics and eikonal quasinormal modes holds in this case.
Beyond the regional average: Drivers of geographical rainfall variability during East Africa's short rains
Authors: Kolstad Erik W. , Parker Douglas J. , MacLeod David A. , Wainwright Caroline M. , Hirons Linda C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe East African “short rains” from October–December (OND) are crucial for the region's cultural and agricultural landscape. Traditional climate studies have often treated these rains as a single mode, representing the average rainfall across the region. This approach, however, fails to capture the complex geographical variations in seasonal rainfall. In our study, we analyse 4200 reforecasts from a seasonal prediction system spanning 1981–2022, identifying distinct clusters that represent different geographical patterns of the short rains. We explore the influence of tropical sea‐surface temperature patterns, upper‐level tropospheric flow, and low‐level moisture fluxes on these clusters. A key revelation of our research is the limited predictability of certain geographical rainfall structures based on large‐scale climatic drivers. This finding highlights a gap in current forecasting methodologies, emphasising the necessity for further research to understand and predict these intricate patterns. Our study illuminates the complexities of regional rainfall variability in East Africa, underlining the importance of continued investigation to improve climate resilience strategies in the region.
Detection‐based resilient control for cyber‐physical systems against two‐channel false data injection attacks
Authors: Li Jinyan , Li Xiaomeng , Ren Hongru , Li Hongyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on a detection‐based resilient control issue for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) subject to false data injection (FDI) attacks, where FDI attacks occur in the communication channels from the sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator. Firstly, to reduce the adverse impacts of FDI attacks on estimation performance, an unbiased estimator is constructed by tackling the equality‐constrained optimization problem. Then, an effective attack detection mechanism is devised by introducing a pseudo‐innovation sequence to formulate the detection function, which can successfully detect two‐channel FDI attacks. Based on these detection results, a resilient controller combining linear quadratic Gaussian and controllers is provided to guarantee the mean‐square asymptotic stability of CPSs with performance. Finally, the validity of the proposed resilient control approach is demonstrated by a simulation involving satellite control system.
Velocity‐free attitude coordination control of multiple rigid spacecraft with practical predefined‐time convergence
Authors: Zou An‐Min , Tang Yanling , Yu Xinran , Jiao Dexin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe issue of velocity‐free practical predefined‐time (PPT) attitude coordination control (ACC) for multiple rigid spacecraft under directed topology and subject to bounded external disturbances is investigated in the article. To gain precise estimates of the spacecraft's velocities together with external disturbances, PPT extended‐state observers are presented by virtue of a time‐varying function technique. Next, distributed PPT state observers are designed to estimate the leader's attitude which is accessible to only some of the followers. One advantage of the designed distributed observers is that the information required to transmit among neighbor spacecraft is only the estimated attitudes, which results in a reduction of the communication burden. Then, a distributed velocity‐free PPT ACC law is put forward in terms of the backstepping approach and the PPT observers. The present control protocol can ensure that the settling time is bounded by a predefined time with no reliance on any other controller parameters or initial conditions. Finally, the efficiency of the developed ACC scheme is illustrated by numerical simulation examples, and it is shown that the designed control law possesses one further salient advantage of required reduced magnitudes of control torques to reach accurate ACC performance.
Green growth and urban employment: Evaluating the impact of ecosystem conservation on diverse sectors in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Shao Jiacheng , Liu Zeyuan , Ma Guoxia , Zhang Qingyu , Wang Jinnan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the critical yet often overlooked interplay between Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG 15), which focuses on preserving natural capital, and SDG 8, which targets economic growth and employment. While extensive research has examined the direct benefits of ecosystem conservation, namely ecosystem service value, the indirect benefits, particularly on employment outcomes, have frequently been neglected. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of employment statistics and prefecture‐level ecosystem service valuations in Yunnan province from 2010 to 2020, we investigate the impact of ecosystem conservation on employment across various sectors. Our analysis reveals a significant correlation between improved ecosystem services and reduced unemployment rates in Yunnan province over the past decade, with pronounced positive impacts in sectors such as provisioning, ecotourism, and hydropower engineering. Furthermore, incorporating geospatial variables into our econometric model, we find that urbanized coastal cities experience a more substantial reduction in unemployment rates—by an estimated 0.8%—compared to forest‐abundant inland regions. These findings underscore the potential of ecosystem conservation to stimulate urban employment and highlight the need for targeted policies that align with both SDG 15 and SDG 8.
Efficacy and Safety of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Alone and its Combination with 5- Fluorouracil in Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars: Randomized, Parallel Group, and Double Blinded Trial
Authors: Acharya Ripala , Agrawal Sudha , Khadka Dhan Keshar , Pant Aashish Raj 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars is challenging. The current first-line treatment is a steroid which has high resistance and recurrence rate along with unacceptable adverse effects. Different studies involving the combination of TAC and 5-FU that have been done so far showed better treatment outcomes in terms of efficacy and safety.

Objective
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide alone and its combination with 5-fluorouracil in patients with keloids and hypertrophic scars at 12 weeks follow-up.

Methods
In this randomized parallel group double-blinded clinical trial, we enroled 66 cases of keloids and hypertrophic scars randomly allocated into two treatment groups. Patients received an intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide (20 mg/mL) in Group A and an intralesional injection of a combination of triamcinolone acetonide (20 mg/mL) and 5-fluorouracil (25 mg/mL) in Group B for every 2 weeks until 10 weeks and the final evaluation was done at 12 weeks follow-up.

Results
There was a reduction in all the parameters at every follow-up visit in both groups. The ≥50% reduction in height, reduction in the VSS and POSAS scores, and good to excellent subjective improvement reported by both the patients and the observer were significantly greater in the combination group compared to TAC alone group. The response rate was faster and complications were lesser in the combination group as compared to TAC alone group.

Limitation
Single-centred, no long-term follow-up, and recurrence could not be assessed.

Conclusion
TAC alone and its combination with the 5-FU both were effective in keloids and hypertrophic scars. Yet, the TAC and 5-FU combination treatment was more efficacious with a faster response rate and safer than the TAC alone treatment.
Coupling High‐Entropy Core with Rh Shell for Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wei Min , Sun Yuyan , Zhang Junyu , Zeng Jianrong , Wang Jike 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConstructing high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) with core–shell (CS) nanostructure is efficient for enhancing catalytic activity. However, it is extremely challenging to incorporate the CS structure with HEAs. Herein, PtCoNiMoRh@Rh CS nanoparticles (PtCoNiMoRh@Rh) with ∼5.7 nm for pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are reported for the first time. The PtCoNiMoRh@Rh just require 9.1, 24.9, and 17.1 mV to achieve −10 mA cm−2 in acid, neutral, and alkaline electrolyte, and the corresponding mass activity are 5.8, 2.79, and 91.8 times higher than that of Rh/C. Comparing to PtCoNiMoRh nanoparticles, the PtCoNiMoRh@Rh exhibit excellent HER activity attributed to the decrease of Rh 4d especially 4d5/2 unoccupied state induced by the multi‐active sites in HEA, as well as the synergistic effect in Rh shell and HEA core. Theorical calculation exhibits that Rh‐dyz, dx2, and dxz orbitals experience a negative shift with shell thickness increasing. The HEAs with CS structure would facilitate the rational design of high‐performance HEAs catalysts.
Modulation of π‐Electron Density in Ultrathin 2D Layers of Graphite Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Honghua , Liu Zhang , Fang Jianzhang , Peng Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rational design and synthesis of novel semiconductor nano‐/quantum materials have been ambitiously pursued in the field of photocatalysis as the technology is promising and critical for attaining future energy and environmental sustainability. Herein, the integrity of aromatic carbon into graphitic carbon nitride (CN) at the same molecular plane with a few 2D layers is achieved by using modulated precursors of CN, forming carbon regulated ultrathin CN (CUCN) with improved charge transfer kinetics and photocatalytic hydrogen production. The grafted graphite rings adjacent to carbon nitride frameworks induce a significant rearrangement and relocalization of the overall framework, and form conjugated sp2 hybridized interfaces and internal electric fields that drive the separation and directional transfer of photogenerated electrons from CN sheets towards intralayer graphite regions, where the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction occurs extensively, yielding largely increased HER rate of 2231.8 µmol g−1 h−1 by 8.2 times relative to CN, as well as a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 2.93% under monochromatic light at 420 nm. The high physicochemical stability and low synthesis cost of CUCN make it a potential benchmark photocatalyst that can be readily modified via element doping, heterojunction introduction, defect engineering, and so on, to further enhance its HER performance.
Construction of Surface Ruoct─O─Cooct Units With Optimized Cooct Spin States for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Yu Can‐Wen , Chen Zi‐Qiang , Xu Hong‐Yi , Ouyang Ting , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe introduction of noble metal into spinel structure is an effective strategy to develop efficient oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) catalysts. Herein, surface Cooct is substituted by Ruoct in Rux‐Mn0.5Co2.5‐xO4/NCNTs by ion‐exchange, where presence of Ruoct─O─Cooct unit facilitates electron transfer. This strong electron coupling effect leads downward shift in d‐band center and a narrowing of d‐p bandgap. The increased charge density of Cooct bridged with Ruoct dioxygen optimizes adsorption of oxygen intermediates (*OH) and occupation of electrons in eg‐orbital octahedral. The measured ORR/OER voltage difference is only 0.71 V. The peak power density of assembled zinc–air battery reaches 148.8 mW h cm−2, and energy density at 100 mA cm−2 reaches 813.6 mA h gZn−1, approaching a theoretical value of 820 mA h gZn−1. The catalyst demonstrates stable operation for over 500 h at 10 mA cm−2 and over 200 h at 50 mA cm−2. This work provides new insights to guide fabrication of advanced oxygen electrocatalysts.
Janus Doping of Sulfur into Platinum Diselenide Ribbons
Authors: Li Zechen , Wang Honglin , Wang Huaipeng , Ma Yunpeng , Qing Fangzhu , Li Xuesong , Li Qian , Xie Dan , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D platinum diselenide (PtSe2), a novel member of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) family, possesses many excellent properties, including a layer‐dependent bandgap, high carrier mobility, and broadband response, making it promise for applications in technologies like field‐effect transistors and room‐temperature photodetectors. Doping represents an effective method to modify the electrical properties of 2D TMDCs and to bestow upon them additional functions. However, to date, little research has been conducted on the successful doping of 2D PtSe2 for modification. In this study, sulfur (S) powder is utilized during the chemical vapor deposition growth process of 2D PtSe2 ribbons and successfully integrated into the PtSe2 lattice through substitutional doping. The Au substrate significantly decreases the substitution energy of Se atoms in the lower layer of PtSe2, resulting in the formation of the Janus PtSSe structure. S‐doped PtSe2 ribbons demonstrate significant symmetry breaking and enhanced electrical properties, showcasing a strong nonlinear optical response and certain synaptic plasticity, further simulating some neuromorphological processes. This study not only demonstrates a viable method for controllable doping and modification of 2D PtSe2 but also establishes a platform for exploring the characteristics of Janus TMDCs.
Experimental, theoretical and numerical study on flexural behavior of hybrid steel‐GFRP reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Meghdadi Zeinab , Khaloo Alireza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental results of six full‐scale one‐way reinforced concrete slabs with variations in reinforcement detailing. Test specimens consisted of two reference concrete slabs reinforced fully with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars or with steel rebars and four hybrid‐reinforced slabs. The variables included the arrangement of rebars, mechanical reinforcing ratio, and the ratio of steel rebar area to GFRP rebar area. The fabricated specimens were subjected to four‐point loading until failure in the strong floor laboratory. Experimental results indicated that hybrid reinforcement enhances stiffness compared to FRP reinforcement and provides a higher load‐bearing capacity than steel reinforcement. Also, it was observed that FRP bars placed as tensile reinforcement, similar in number and diameter size to steel bars placed as compressive reinforcement in a slab result in the highest ultimate capacity. Moreover, it was observed that while the mechanical reinforcing ratio contributes to the overall behavior of hybrid‐reinforced concrete slabs, the ratio of steel rebar area to GFRP rebar area is not considerably effective. Furthermore, image processing was employed to determine the exact crack widths of specimens after failure. Finally, finite element modeling results showed good agreement with the experimental results.