bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernizing tradition – the Thai silk industry
Authors: Patichol Preeya , Wongsurawat Wiani , M. Johri Lalit 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This paper identifies challenges the traditional Thai silk industry has faced during its internationalization, and the public and private responses employed to overcome challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
– In-depth interviews were conducted with major players along the Thai silk value chain to gain insights into the industry's transformation from a domestic, cottage industry into an international fashion producer.

Findings
– Thai silk has created a niche market for high-end, cultural products, thus successfully sidestepping direct competition from emerging low-cost producers. The main innovative strategies employed include introducing new products, upgrading quality, attracting new customers, and collaboration between actors all along the silk value chain.

Originality/value
– This study illustrates how a traditional industry can evolve and successfully adapt to changing consumer demands and competitive landscapes in a globalize economy.
The Distribution of Fat in Dried Dairy Particles Determines Flavor Release and Flavor Stability
Authors: Park C.W. , Drake M.A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDried dairy ingredients are utilized in various food and beverage applications for their nutritional, functional, and sensory properties. Dried dairy ingredients include milk powders of varying fat content and heat treatment and buttermilk powder, along with both milk and whey proteins of varying protein contents. The flavor of these ingredients is the most important characteristic that determines consumer acceptance of the ingredient applications. Lipid oxidation is the main mechanism for off‐flavor development in dried dairy ingredients. The effects of various unit operations on the flavor of dried dairy ingredients have been investigated. Recent research documented that increased surface free fat in spray dried WPC80 was associated with increased lipid oxidation and off‐flavors. Surface free fat in spray‐dried products is fat on the surface of the powder that is not emulsified. The most common emulsifiers present in dried dairy ingredients are proteins and phospholipids. Currently, only an association between surface free fat and lipid oxidation has been presented. The link between surface free fat in dried dairy ingredients and flavor and flavor stability has not been investigated. In this review, some hypotheses for the role of surface free fat on the flavor of dried dairy ingredients are presented along with proposed mechanisms.
Is an intervention with a custom‐made splint and an educational program useful on pain in patients with trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis in a daily clinical setting?
Authors: Maddali‐Bongi Susanna , Del Rosso Angela , Galluccio Felice , Sigismondi Fabrizio , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimCustom‐made splints may be useful in the conservative treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint OA. Our aim was to evaluate usefulness of a custom‐made splint and educational program in patients with symptomatic TMC joint OA in daily clinical practice.MethodsFifty patients with symptomatic TMC joint OA, not treated with surgery, were enrolled in a open prospective study in a clinical day setting and treated with a ‘butterfly’ custom‐made thermoplastic short opponens splint to be worn 16 h/day for 30 days and then when needed, for 12 months. Patients were evaluated at enrolment (T0), at the first month (T1) and at the 12th month (T2) since splint application for pain (main outcome measure) by numeric rating scale 0–10. At T0 and T1, a Jamar dynamometer (kg) was used to assess hand strength, a pinch gauge to evaluate pinch strength (kg) and Dreiser test to assess hand disability (secondary outcome measures).ResultsThe comparison between T0 and T1 showed a significant improvement in all the outcome measures (P < 0.0001 for pain, muscle and pinch strength; P = 0.001 for Dreiser test). Moreover, at the end of 12 months follow‐up, patients maintained the reduction of pain (T2 vs. T1, P = NS) and showed a reduced consumption of analgesics (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA custom‐made thermoplastic short opponens splint for 30 consecutively days for at least 16 h/day, followed by occasional use on pain outbreak is an useful conservative treatment in symptomatic TMC joint OA.
Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting as ground glass nodule
Authors: Kinoshita Tomonari , Ohtsuka Takashi , Goto Taichiro , Kamiyama Ikuo , Emoto Katsura , Hayashi Yuichiro , Kohno Mitsutomo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPulmonary mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma rarely occurs. It is difficult to distinguish MALT lymphomas and pre‐invasive lesions according to radiological findings. We report a case of 60‐year‐old woman who was found to have a rapidly growing ground glass nodule (GGN) on her left lower lobe, discovered on follow‐up chest computed tomography. The radiological image was pure GGN, which was compatible with a pre‐invasive lesion, such as non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma in situ. Wedge resection was performed and the final diagnosis was stage I MALT lymphoma. After surgery, she was doing well with no evidence of recurrence one year later. We believe a lung biopsy for rapidly growing GGN is recommended in order to confirm the pathological diagnosis.
A narrative review of peri‐operative management of patients with thalassaemia
Authors: Staikou C. , Stavroulakis E. , Karmaniolou I. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIn thalassaemic patients, multiple organ systems may be affected by the disease, blood transfusion, iron overload and chelating therapy. Patients may develop cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension or heart failure requiring pre‐operative echocardiography or cardiac catheterisation. Restrictive lung dysfunction is commonly encountered, especially in patients with splenomegaly. Haemoglobin level should be optimised pre‐operatively and maintained at adequate levels with transfusion and blood‐saving strategies. Susceptibility to infections should be managed with broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Thromboembolic events due to hypercoagulability should be prevented by simple measures, such as graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression and early mobilisation, and possibly anticoagulant drugs. When general anaesthesia is administered, the risk of difficult intubation due to oro‐facial malformation should be considered. Cardiovascular depression due to negative inotropic and vasodilating effects of general anaesthesia should be minimised. Neuraxial techniques may also be challenging due to spinal skeletal abnormalities and extramedullary haemopoiesis. A multidisciplinary pre‐operative approach, clinical optimisation and a carefully planned strategy are mandatory.
Factors associated with high rates of caesarean section in Brazil between 1991 and 2006
Authors: Raifman Sarah , Cunha Antonio J. , Castro Marcia C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo assess trends in caesarean sections in Brazil, identify associated factors and evaluate changes in these factors over time.MethodsNationally representative data from the 1996 Demographic and Health Survey (n = 4918) and the 2006 Brazilian National Survey (n = 6125) were analysed using binomial logistic regression to assess variations in caesarean sections. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate analysis were used to select variables for predicting caesarean sections and assess potential factors associated with them.ResultsCaesarean sections increased from 33% in 1991 to 40% in 2006 and were significantly more common among older, highly educated, wealthy women living in the South, who had received antenatal care and been delivered by private caregivers. Wealthy, educated women were significantly less likely to have a caesarean section in 2006 than in 1991. Women living in urban areas and in the South had higher odds of caesarean sections in 1991, but not in 2006.ConclusionCaesarean section rates in Brazil increased by seven percentage points from 1991 to 2006, but factors associated with high rates changed over time. The odds of caesarean sections decreased for wealthy, educated women over time. By 2006, region and urban versus rural residence were no longer significantly associated with caesarean sections.
Dorsal hippocampal NMDA receptor blockade impairs extinction of naloxone‐precipitated conditioned place aversion in acute morphine‐treated rats by suppressing ERK and CREB phosphorylation in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Wang Wei‐Sheng , Chen Zhong‐Guo , Liu Wen‐Tao , Chi Zhi‐Qiang , He Ling , Liu Jing‐Gen 
Published: March 2014

Background and PurposeSubstantial evidence shows that negative reinforcement resulting from the aversive affective consequences of opiate withdrawal may play a crucial role in drug relapse. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the loss (extinction) of conditioned aversion of drug withdrawal could facilitate the treatment of drug addiction.Experimental ApproachNaloxone‐induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) of Sprague‐Dawley rats was used to measure conditioned aversion. An NMDA receptor antagonist and MAPK kinase inhibitor were applied through intracranial injections. The phosphorylation of ERK and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) was detected using Western blot.Key ResultsThe extinction of CPA behaviour increased the phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), but not in the central amygdala (CeA). Intra‐DH injection of AP5 or intra‐BLA injection of AP‐5 or U0126 before extinction training significantly attenuated ERK and CREB phosphorylation in the BLA and impaired the extinction of CPA behaviour. Although intra‐DH injections of AP‐5 attenuated extinction training‐induced activation of the ERK‐CREB pathway in the BLA, intra‐BLA injection of AP5 had no effect on extinction training‐induced activation of the ERK‐CREB pathway in the DH.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that activation of ERK and CREB in the BLA and DH is involved in the extinction of CPA behaviour and that the DH, via a direct or indirect pathway, modulates the activity of ERK and CREB in the BLA through activation of NMDA receptors after extinction training. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the extinction of conditioned aversion could facilitate the treatment of drug addiction.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2
Silent, but not unseen: multimicrocystic aspect on T2‐weighted MRI in silent corticotroph adenomas
Authors: Cazabat Laure , Dupuy Martin , Boulin Anne , Bernier Michèle , Baussart Bertrand , Foubert Luc , Raffin‐Sanson Marie‐Laure , Caron Philippe , Bertherat Jérôme , Gaillard Stéphan 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveSilent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs) present as nonfunctional pituitary tumours in routine pre‐operative evaluation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI T2‐weighted sequences for detecting the corticotroph subtype pre‐operatively.DesignThe pre‐operative T2‐weighted MRI sequences were retrospectively evaluated in patients with SCA and two control groups: clinically manifest corticotroph macroadenomas (CSMs) and nonfunctional gonadotroph macroadenomas (NFGMs). All were selected from a registry of 1096 patients in whom transsphenoidal surgery was performed in the same tertiary reference centre. T2‐weighted MRI sequences were independently classified by one senior endocrinologist and one senior radiologist who were blinded to the clinical and histological features.PatientsSeventeen patients with SCA, 14 with CSM and 60 with NFGM were included in this study.MeasurementsPituitary MRI with T2‐weighted sequences. Two aspects were retained: multiple microcysts (MMs) and the absence of microcysts. Hormonal data included plasma prolactin, IGF‐1, testosterone or oestradiol, LH, FT4, TSH, morning plasma cortisol and an ACTH‐stimulation test, when available.ResultsMultiple microcysts were present in 76% (13/17) of SCAs, 21% (3/14) of CSMs and 5% (3/60) of NFGMs. The presence of MMs in clinically nonfunctioning macroadenomas had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 95% for predicting SCA.ConclusionThe presence of MMs in T2‐weighted MRI is a good diagnostic tool to suggest the corticotroph subtype in an apparently nonfunctional pituitary tumour.
Neuromyelitis optica and the evolving spectrum of autoimmune aquaporin‐4 channelopathies
Authors: Iorio Raffaele , Pittock Sean J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWater channels are a recognized “novel” target for central nervous system, inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating diseases, and represent an evolving spectrum of disorders termed neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders (SD). These disorders should now be considered under the umbrella term “autoimmune aquaporin‐4 channelopathy”. NMOSD represent the first multiple sclerosis (MS)‐like disease for which a specific antigen has been identified – the astrocytic water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). MS lacks a distinguishing biomarker. This discovery represents a seismic shift from historic emphasis on the oligodendrocyte and myelin to the astrocyte. The NMO of today represents a relapsing spectrum of disease, not necessarily restricted to the optic nerves and spinal cord, that is different from the monophasic disorder in which near simultaneous bilateral optic neuritis and transverse myelitis occur, as was originally described by Devic. Recent clinical, radiological and pathological findings have documented brain involvement in NMO spectrum disorders, particularly in children. Most patients with NMOSD have brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging, and these are consistent with MS in up to 10% of patients. Others have lesions in areas that highly express AQP4 including the circumventricular organs accounting for intractable nausea and vomiting, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis as presenting symptoms or heralds of relapse. Diencephalic involvement might explain recently recognized sleep disorders and endocrinopathies. Continued progress in our understanding of the immunobiology of AQP4 autoimmunity necessitates continuing revision of the clinical diagnostic criteria for NMO spectrum disorders. As the clinical spectrum broadens, the importance of highly specific assays that detect pathogenic AQP4‐immunoglobulin G targeting extracellular epitopes of AQP4 cannot be overemphasized.
Increased methane uptake but unchanged nitrous oxide flux in montane grasslands under simulated climate change conditions
Authors: Unteregelsbacher S. , Gasche R. , Lipp L. , Sun W. , Kreyling O. , Geitlinger H. , Kögel‐Knabner I. , Papen H. , Kiese R. , Schmid H.‐P. , Dannenmann M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMontane grasslands of Central Europe are expected to be exposed to strong warming and to altered precipitation patterns, suggesting that biosphere–atmosphere–hydrosphere exchange of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds may be vulnerable to future climatic conditions. By transferring small lysimeters along an altitudinal gradient, we assessed the impact of climate change conditions on soil–atmosphere exchange of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) as well as on ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in soil water in extensively managed montane grassland in southern Germany. Lysimeter transfer to lower altitude increased air and soil temperatures by more than 2°C and reduced summer precipitation as well as soil moisture throughout the year compared with a control transfer within the high altitude site. This simulation of climate change conditions almost doubled the CH4 sink strength from −0.11 to −0.19 g C m−2 year−1, which appeared to be mainly related to improved gas diffusion after reduced soil moisture. Mean NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in soil water (0.05 mg NH4+–N l−1 and 0.08 mg NO3−–N l−1) and N2O emissions (approximately 0.03 g N m−2 year−1) remained small and unaffected by climate change simulation. Our study suggests that expected climate change conditions will have positive effects on the non‐CO2 greenhouse gas balance in extensively managed montane grassland because of increased net CH4 uptake in soil. For N2O emission, we conclude that potential effects of management changes may override the small effects of simulated climate change on N2O emissions observed in this study.
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation effects on odor identification in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fabbri M. , Guedes L. C. , Coelho M. , Simão D. , Abreu D. , Rosa M. M. , Silveira‐Moriyama L. , Ferreira J. J. 
Published: March 2014

Background and purposeOlfactory dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and it is one of the earliest non‐motor symptoms. A few studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) could improve olfactory function. Our aim was to evaluate the acute effect of bilateral STN‐DBS on a commonly used smell test in PD patients.MethodsFifteen PD patients who underwent bilateral STN‐DBS and 15 controls were recruited. Patients and controls were tested for odor identification.ResultsNo statistical differences were documented between ON and OFF STN‐DBS acute stimulation concerning olfaction. Controls presented a better performance for olfactory identification than patients.ConclusionsOur exploratory study did not support that bilateral STN‐DBS could have an acute effect on olfactory function in PD patients.
Measuring Systemic Risk: Common Factor Exposures and Tail Dependence Effects
Authors: Chiu Wan‐Chien , Peña Juan Ignacio , Wang Chih‐Wei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe model systemic risk using a common factor that accounts for market‐wide shocks and a tail dependence factor that accounts for linkages among extreme stock returns. Specifically, our theoretical model allows for firm‐specific impacts of infrequent and extreme events. Using data on the four sectors of the US financial industry from 1996 to 2011, we uncover two key empirical findings. First, disregarding the effect of the tail dependence factor leads to a downward bias in the measurement of systemic risk, especially during weak economic times. Second, when these measures serve as leading indicators of the St. Louis Fed Financial Stress Index, measures that include a tail dependence factor offer better forecasting ability than measures based on a common factor only.
Caecal duplication in a 13‐year‐old Thoroughbred
Authors: Taylor E. A. , Lillich J. D , Canada N. , Beard L. , Henningson J. , Schumacher L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryA 13‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for evaluation of recurrent colic of 4 weeks duration. These colic episodes were mild and responsive to medical therapy. Episodes of colic became more frequent and more painful. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large intestine duplication with a cystic structure located at the caecocolic junction that was unable to be exteriorized and therefore not amenable to surgical correction. Thirty‐six hours following surgery, the horse became acutely painful, sweaty, and febrile suggesting gastrointestinal rupture. Post mortem examination showed a 0.6 × 1 m duplication and a 0.5 × 0.6 m cystic dilation that was probably associated with the caecum. There was a 10 × 30 cm area of rupture located within the duplication. Histological evaluation confirmed the presence of a true duplication.
Predicted responses of arctic and alpine ecosystems to altered seasonality under climate change
Authors: Ernakovich Jessica G , Hopping Kelly A. , Berdanier Aaron B. , Simpson Rodney T. , Kachergis Emily J. , Steltzer Heidi , Wallenstein Matthew D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGlobal climate change is already having significant impacts on arctic and alpine ecosystems, and ongoing increases in temperature and altered precipitation patterns will affect the strong seasonal patterns that characterize these temperature‐limited systems. The length of the potential growing season in these tundra environments is increasing due to warmer temperatures and earlier spring snow melt. Here, we compare current and projected climate and ecological data from 20 Northern Hemisphere sites to identify how seasonal changes in the physical environment due to climate change will alter the seasonality of arctic and alpine ecosystems. We find that although arctic and alpine ecosystems appear similar under historical climate conditions, climate change will lead to divergent responses, particularly in the spring and fall shoulder seasons. As seasonality changes in the Arctic, plants will advance the timing of spring phenological events, which could increase plant nutrient uptake, production, and ecosystem carbon (C) gain. In alpine regions, photoperiod will constrain spring plant phenology, limiting the extent to which the growing season can lengthen, especially if decreased water availability from earlier snow melt and warmer summer temperatures lead to earlier senescence. The result could be a shorter growing season with decreased production and increased nutrient loss. These contrasting alpine and arctic ecosystem responses will have cascading effects on ecosystems, affecting community structure, biotic interactions, and biogeochemistry.
Experimental evidence for sequestering C with biochar by avoidance of CO2 emissions from original feedstock and protection of native soil organic matter
Authors: Herath H. M. S. K. , Camps‐Arbestain M. , Hedley M.J. , Kirschbaum M.U.F. , Wang T. , van Hale R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere is a need for further studies to compare the decomposition of biochar to that of the original feedstock and determine how these amendments affect the cycling of native organic matter (NOM) of different soils to improve our understanding of the resulting net C sequestration potential. A 510‐days incubation experiment was conducted (i) to investigate the evolution of CO2 from soils amended with either fresh corn stover (CS) or with biochars produced from fresh CS at either 350 (CS‐350) or 550 °C (CS‐550), and (ii) to evaluate the priming effect of these amendments on NOM decomposition. Two soil types were studied: an Alfisol and an Andisol, with organic C contents of 4% and 10%, respectively. Except for the controls (with no C addition), all treatments received 7.18 t C ha−1. We measured C efflux in short‐term intervals and its isotopic signature to distinguish between C evolved from C4 amendments and C3‐dominated NOM. Emission rates were then integrated for the whole time period to cover total emissions. Total CO2‐C evolved from the original C in fresh CS, CS‐350 and CS‐550 was greater in the Andisol (78%, 13% and 14%) than in the Alfisol (66%, 8% and 7%). For both soils, (i) no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the rate of CO2 evolution between controls and biochar treatments; and (ii) total accumulated CO2 evolved from the uncharred amendment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that from the other treatments. In the Alfisol, a significant (P < 0.05) net positive priming effect on NOM decomposition was observed when amended with fresh CS, while the opposite was detected in biochar treatments. In the Andisol, no significant (P > 0.05) net priming effect was observed. A C balance indicated that the C lost from both biochar production and decomposition ‘broke even’ with that lost from fresh residue decomposition after <35 weeks. The ‘break‐even’ point was reached earlier in the Andisol, in which the fresh CS mineralizes faster. These results provided experimental evidence for the potential of biochar to sequester C and avoid CO2 emissions from original feedstock while protecting native soil organic matter.