bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothering, fathering, and the regulation of negative and positive emotions in high‐functioning preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hirschler‐Guttenberg Yael , Golan Ofer , Ostfeld‐Etzion Sharon , Feldman Ruth 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit difficulties in regulating emotions and authors have called to study the specific processes underpinning emotion regulation (ER) in ASD. Yet, little observational research examined the strategies preschoolers with ASD use to regulate negative and positive emotions in the presence of their mothers and fathers.MethodsForty preschoolers with ASD and 40 matched typically developing children and their mothers and fathers participated. Families were visited twice for identical battery of paradigms with mother or father. Parent–child interactions were coded for parent and child behaviors and children engaged in ER paradigms eliciting negative (fear) and positive (joy) emotions with each parent. ER paradigms were microcoded for negative and positive emotionality, ER strategies, and parent regulation facilitation.ResultsDuring free play, mothers' and fathers' sensitivity and warm discipline were comparable across groups; however, children with ASD displayed lower positive engagement and higher withdrawal. During ER paradigms, children with ASD expressed less positive emotionality overall and more negative emotionality during fear with father. Children with ASD used more simple self‐regulatory strategies, particularly during fear, but expressed comparable levels of assistance seeking behavior toward mother and father in negative and positive contexts. Parents of children with ASD used less complex regulation facilitation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal and emotional reframing, and employed simple tactics, such as physical comforting to manage fear and social gaze to maintain joy.ConclusionFindings describe general and parent‐ and emotion‐specific processes of child ER and parent regulation facilitation in preschoolers with ASD. Results underscore the ability of such children to seek parental assistance during moments of high arousal and the parents' sensitive adaptation to their children's needs. Reduced positive emotionality, rather than increased negative reactivity and self‐regulatory efforts, emerges as the consistent element associated with ER processes in this group.
Primary Care Availability and Emergency Department Use by Older Adults: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Hunold Katherine M. , Richmond Natalie L. , Waller Anna E. , Cutchin Malcolm P. , Voss Paul R. , Platts‐Mills Timothy F. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between the number of primary care providers (PCPs) in an area and emergency department (ED) visits by older adults.DesignPopulation‐based cross‐sectional observational study.SettingNonfederal EDs in North Carolina in 2010.ParticipantsAll older adults (n = 640,086) presenting to a nonfederal ED in North Carolina in 2010.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the number of ED visits by older adults in each ZIP code per 100 adults aged 65 and older living in that ZIP code. A secondary outcome was the number of ED visits not resulting in hospital admission per 100 older adults. The primary predictor variable was the number of PCPs per 100 older residents for each ZIP code. Covariates included those representing healthcare need (Medicare hospitalizations, nursing home beds), predisposing factors for healthcare use (race, education, population density of older adults), and enabling factors (distance to the nearest ED).ResultsIn a multivariable regression model corrected for spatial clustering, ZIP code characteristics associated with ED visits included more hospitalizations by Medicare beneficiaries, more nursing home beds, and closer proximity to an ED. Number of PCPs per 100 older adult residents in each ZIP code was not associated with ED use, and the 95% confidence limit indicates at most a small effect of PCP availability on ED use.ConclusionThese findings suggest that primary care availability has at most a limited effect on ED use by older adults in North Carolina.
The rtA181S mutation of hepatitis B virus primarily confers resistance to adefovir dipivoxil
Authors: Liu Y. , Li X. , Xin S. , Xu Z. , Chen R. , Yang J. , Liu L. , Wong V. W.‐S. , Yang D. , Chan H. L.‐Y. , Xu D. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe study aimed to clarify clinical significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) rtA181S mutation in Chinese HBV‐infected patients. A total of 18 419 patients with chronic HBV infection from Beijing 302 Hospital were investigated. HBV complete reverse transcriptase region of polymerase was screened by direct sequencing, and the results were verified by clonal sequencing. Replication‐competent mutant and wild‐type HBV genomic amplicons were constructed and transfected into the HepG2 cells and cultured in the presence or absence of serially diluted nucleos(t)ide analogues. Intracellular HBV replicative intermediates were quantitated for calculating the 50% effective concentration of the drug (EC50). The rtA181S was detected in 98 patients with 12 kinds of mutational patterns. Genotype C and genotype B HBV infection occupied 91.8% and 8.2% in rtA181S‐positive patients, in contrast to 84.6% and 15.4% in rtA181S‐negative patients (P < 0.01). All rtA181S‐positive patients had received nucleos(t)ide analogues. rtA181S was detected in multiple patients with virologic breakthrough. Phenotypic analysis of patient‐derived viral strains showed that rtA181S, rtA181S+N236T, rtN236T and rtA181V strains had 68.5%, 49.9%, 71.4% and 66.2% of natural replication capacity of wild‐type strain, and 3.7‐fold, 9.8‐fold, 7.9‐fold and 5.6‐fold increased EC50 to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV). The rtA181S strain remained susceptible to lamivudine, entecavir and tenofovir, and ADV susceptibility was restored after the mutation was eliminated through site‐directed mutagenesis. Rescue therapy with entecavir or combination therapy was effective in rtA181S‐related ADV‐refractory patients. The rtA181S mutation confers moderate resistance to ADV. It could be induced by either lamivudine or ADV and contribute ADV treatment failure.
Fe‐bearing phases in a ureilite fragment from the asteroid 2008 TC3 (= Almahata Sitta meteorites): A combined Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction study
Authors: Gismelseed Abbasher M. , Abdu Yassir A. , Shaddad Muawia H. , Verma Harish C. , Jenniskens Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe iron‐bearing phases in a ureilite fragment (AS#051) from the Almahata Sitta meteorite are studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). AS#051 has a typical ureilite texture of medium‐ to coarse‐grained silicates (olivine, orthopyroxene, and pigeonite) with minor opaques (Fe‐Ni metal, troilite, and graphite). The silicate compositions, determined by EMPA, are homogeneous: olivine (Fo90.2), orthopyroxene (En86.3Fs8.6Wo5.1), and pigeonite (En81.6Fs8.9Wo9.5), and are similar to those of magnesian ureilites. The modal abundance of mineral phases was determined by Rietveld refinement of the powder XRD data. The Mössbauer spectra at 295 K and 78 K are composed of two sharp well‐defined paramagnetic doublets superimposed on a well‐resolved magnetic sextet and other weak absorption features. The two paramagnetic doublets are assigned to olivine and pyroxene (orthopyroxene and pigeonite), and the ferromagnetic sextet to kamacite (magnetic hyperfine field ≈ 33.2 T), in agreement with the XRD characterization. The Mössbauer results also show the presence of small amounts of troilite (FeS) and cohenite ([Fe,Ni,Co]3C). Using the Mössbauer data, the relative abundance of each Fe‐bearing phase is determined and compared with the results obtained by XRD.
Itching for Answers: How Histamine Relaxes Lymphatic Vessels
Authors: Scallan Joshua P. , Davis Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the current issue of Microcirculation, studies by Kurtz et al. [12] and Nizamutdinova et al. [18] together provide new evidence supporting a role for histamine as an endothelial‐derived molecule that inhibits lymphatic muscle contraction. In particular, Nizamutdinova et al. show that the effects of flow‐induced shear stress on lymphatic endothelium are mediated by both nitric oxide and histamine, since only blockade of both prevents contraction strength and frequency from being altered by flow. Separately, Kurtz et al. used confocal microscopy to determine a preferential expression of histamine receptors on the lymphatic endothelium and demonstrated that histamine applied to spontaneously contracting collecting lymphatics inhibits contractions. Previous studies disagreed on whether histamine stimulates or inhibits lymphatic contractions, but also used differing concentrations, species, and preparations. Together these new reports shed light on how histamine acts within the lymphatic vasculature, but also raise important questions about the cell type on which histamine exerts its effects and the signaling pathways involved. This editorial briefly discusses the contribution of each study and its relevance to lymphatic biology.
ADAM10 correlates with uveal melanoma metastasis and promotes in vitro invasion
Authors: Gangemi Rosaria , Amaro Adriana , Gino Alice , Barisione Gaia , Fabbi Marina , Pfeffer Ulrich , Brizzolara Antonella , Queirolo Paola , Salvi Sandra , Boccardo Simona , Gualco Marina , Spagnolo Francesco , Jager Martine J. , Mosci Carlo , Rossello Armando , Ferrini Silvano 
Published: August 2014

SummaryUveal melanoma (UM) is a rare ocular tumor that may lead to deadly metastases in 50% of patients. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10, ADAM17, and the HGF‐receptor c‐Met support invasiveness in different tumors. Here, we report that high ADAM10, MET, and, to a lesser extent, ADAM17 gene expression correlates with poor progression‐free survival in UM patients (hazard ratio 2.7, 2.6, and 1.9, respectively). About 60% of primary UM expresses c‐Met and/or ADAM10 proteins. Four UM cell lines display high levels of ADAM10 and ADAM17, which constitutively cleave c‐Met, inducing the release of soluble c‐Met. ADAM10/17 pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing reduces c‐Met shedding, but has limited impact on surface c‐Met, which is overexpressed. Importantly, ADAM10 silencing inhibits UM cell invasion driven by FCS or HGF, while ADAM17 silencing has a limited effect. Altogether our data indicate that ADAM10 has a pro‐invasive role and may contribute to UM progression.
Structure and development of ‘witches' broom’ galls in reproductive organs of Byrsonima sericea (Malpighiaceae) and their effects on host plants
Authors: Guimarães A. L. A. , Neufeld P. M. , Santiago‐Fernandes L. D. R. , Vieira A. C. M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGalls are anomalies in plant development of parasitic origin that affect the cellular differentiation or growth and represent a remarkable plant–parasite interaction. Byrsonima sericea DC. (Malpighiaceae) is a super host of several different types of gall in both vegetative and reproductive organs. The existence of galls in reproductive organs and their effects on the host plant are seldom described in the literature. In this paper, we present a novel study of galls in plants of the Neotropical region: the ‘witches' broom’ galls developed in floral structures of B. sericea. The unaffected inflorescences are characterised by a single indeterminate main axis with spirally arranged flower buds. The flower buds developed five unaffected brownish hairy sepals and five pairs of elliptical yellow elaiophores, five yellow fringed petals, 10 stamens and a pistil with superior tricarpellar and trilocular ovary. The affected inflorescences showed changes in architecture, with branches arising from the main axis and flower buds. The flower buds exhibited several morphological and anatomical changes. The sepals, petals and carpels converted into leaf‐like structures after differentiation. Stamens exhibited degeneration of the sporogenous tissue and structures containing hyphae and spores. The gynoecium did not develop, forming a central meristematic region, from which emerges the new inflorescence. In this work, we discuss the several changes in development of reproductive structures caused by witches' broom galls and their effects on reproductive success of the host plants.
Phenotypic plasticity and similarity among gall morphotypes on a superhost, Baccharis reticularia (Asteraceae)
Authors: Formiga A. T. , Silveira F. A. O. , Fernandes G. W. , Isaias R. M. S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUnderstanding factors that modulate plant development is still a challenging task in plant biology. Although research has highlighted the role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining final plant structure, we know little of how these factors combine to produce specific developmental patterns. Here, we studied patterns of cell and tissue organisation in galled and non‐galled organs of Baccharis reticularia, a Neotropical shrub that hosts over ten species of galling insects. We employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to understand patterns of growth and differentiation in its four most abundant gall morphotypes. We compared two leaf galls induced by sap‐sucking Hemiptera and stem galls induced by a Lepidopteran and a Dipteran, Cecidomyiidae. The hypotheses tested were: (i) the more complex the galls, the more distinct they are from their non‐galled host; (ii) galls induced on less plastic host organs, e.g. stems, develop under more morphogenetic constraints and, therefore, should be more similar among themselves than galls induced on more plastic organs. We also evaluated the plant sex preference of gall‐inducing insects for oviposition. Simple galls were qualitative and quantitatively more similar to non‐galled organs than complex galls, thereby supporting the first hypothesis. Unexpectedly, stem galls had more similarities between them than to their host organ, hence only partially supporting the second hypothesis. Similarity among stem galls may be caused by the restrictive pattern of host stems. The opposite trend was observed for host leaves, which generate either similar or distinct gall morphotypes due to their higher phenotypic plasticity. The Relative Distance of Plasticity Index for non‐galled stems and stem galls ranged from 0.02 to 0.42. Our results strongly suggest that both tissue plasticity and gall inducer identity interact to determine plant developmental patterns, and therefore, final gall structure.
Horizontal bone augmentation by means of guided bone regeneration
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe development of bone augmentation procedures has allowed placement of dental implants into jaw bone areas lacking an amount of bone sufficient for standard implant placement. Thus, the indications for implants have broadened to include jaw regions with bone defects and those with a bone anatomy that is unfavorable for implant anchorage. Of the different techniques, the best documented and the most widely used method to augment bone in localized alveolar defects is guided bone regeneration. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the successful use of guided bone regeneration to regenerate missing bone at implant sites with insufficient bone volume and the long‐term success of implants placed simultaneously with, or after, guided bone regeneration. However, the influence of guided bone regeneration on implant survival and success rates, and the long‐term stability of the augmented bone, remain unknown. Many of the materials and techniques currently available for bone regeneration of alveolar ridge defects were developed many years ago. Recently, various new materials and techniques have been introduced. Many of them have, however, not been sufficiently documented in clinical studies. The aim of this review was to present the scientific basis of guided bone regeneration and the accepted clinical procedures. A classification of bone defects has been presented, aiming at simplifying the decision‐making process regarding the choice of strategy for bone augmentation. Finally, an outlook into actual research and the possible future options related to bone augmentation has been provided.
Guided surgery: accuracy and efficacy
Authors: Vercruyssen Marjolein , Hultin Margareta , Van Assche Nele , Svensson Krister , Naert Ignace , Quirynen Marc 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDifferent computer‐assisted implant‐placement procedures are currently available. These differ in software, template manufacture, guiding device, stabilization and fixation. The literature seems to indicate that one has to accept a certain inaccuracy of ±2.0 mm, which seems large initially but is clearly smaller than for nonguided surgery. A reduction of accuracy to below 0.5 mm seems extremely difficult. A common shortcoming identified in the studies included in this review is inconsistency in how clinical data and outcome variables are reported. Another limitation is the small number of comparative clinical studies. In order to find the best guiding system or the most important parameters for optimal accuracy, more randomized clinical trials are necessary. Information on cost‐effectiveness and patient‐centered evaluations (i.e. questionnaires and interviews) must also be included.
Dental cone beam computed tomography: justification for use in planning oral implant placement
Authors: Jacobs Reinhilde , Quirynen Marc 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntra‐oral and panoramic radiographs are most frequently used in oral health care. Yet, the inherent nature of jaws and teeth renders three‐dimensional diagnosis essential, especially in relation to oral surgery. Nowadays, this can be accomplished by dental cone beam computed tomography, which provides high‐quality images at low radiation doses and low costs. Nonetheless, the effective dose ranges of cone beam computed tomography machines may easily vary from 10 to 1000 μSv, this being equivalent to two to 200 panoramic radiographs, even for similar presurgical indications. Moreover, the diagnostic image quality varies massively among available machines and parameter settings. Apart from the radiodiagnostic possibilities, dental cone beam computed tomography may offer a vast therapeutic potential, including opportunities for surgical guidance and further prosthetic rehabilitation via computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing solutions. These additional options may definitely explain part of the success of cone beam computed tomography for oral implant placement. In conclusion, dental cone beam computed tomography imaging could be justified for oral implant‐related diagnosis, planning and transfer to surgical and further prosthetic treatment, but guidelines for justification and cone beam computed tomography optimization remain mandatory.
Foreign Exchange Intervention and Monetary Policy: A Tale of Two Agencies with Conflicting Objectives
Authors: Lambson Val , Takagi Shinji , Kozuru Issei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn several industrial countries, the government is responsible for foreign exchange intervention while the central bank is given operational independence in conducting domestic monetary policy. We model the interaction between the two agencies when their views differ and generate empirical implications using lattice‐theoretic techniques. Japanese data from 2001–2004 support the model's predictions with respect to central bank behavior. The evidence is less conclusive as to whether the massive intervention of 2001–2004 by the Ministry of Finance caused the Bank of Japan to raise the monetary target.
The Relationship Between the Alternative exon 7 Splice Variant of the BF Gene and MHC‐Related Marek's Disease Resistance in Chickens
Authors: Jin Y.‐C. , Huang L. , Wei X.‐X. , Zhao Z.‐Y. , Li Y. , Wei P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe study was to analyse the relationship between the alternative exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene and MHC‐related Marek's disease (MD) resistance in chickens. The experiment first determined whether or not the cocks of Xiayan chickens have alternative splicing‐out of the exon 7 of the BF gene from peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). Then, selected two groups: Group K included the offspring of the selected cocks which have no alternative splicing‐out of the exon 7 of the BF gene; Group Y included the offspring of the selected cocks which have alternative splicing‐out of the exon 7 of the BF gene. All hens used in the cross‐breeding were non‐selected. The experimental chickens were challenged with a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) at 4 days old and were raised for 12 weeks. At this time, all the surviving chickens were killed and necropsy was also performed during the experiment whenever chickens died from the infection. Tumour incidence and mortality were calculated using SPSS, and the tissues were collected to detect MDV by PCR. The results showed that the mortalities of Group K and Y were 52.75% and 70.65%, respectively; and that the tumour incidences of non‐alternative splicing‐out of the exon 7 of the BF for Groups K and Y were 15.38% and 38.89%, respectively; the tumour incidences for the alternative splicing‐out of the exon 7 were 46.15% and 56.76%, respectively. The results demonstrated the tumour incidence was highly related with the alternative exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene (P < 0.05).
Inhibition of Neutrophil‐Dependent Cytotoxicity for Human Endothelial Cells by ACE Inhibitors
Authors: Andersson P. , Bratt J. , Heimbürger M. , Cederholm T. , Palmblad J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have immunomodulating properties and have been suggested to protect against endothelial injury, for example myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury. We tested whether two ACEi (captopril and enalapril), differing in a thiol group, protected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from cytotoxicity induced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in vitro, when cells were activated by tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) or the arachidonate derivative lipoxin‐A4 (LXA4), using separate cytotoxicity pathways. When 51Cr labelled HUVEC were treated with captopril (0–500 μm) or enalapril (0–100 μm) for 2 h and then activated by TNFα (100 ng/ml) for 24 h, a significant, dose‐dependent reduction of 51Cr release was observed. Similarly, captopril reduced 51Cr release when LXA4 (0.1 μm) was used to stimulate PMN for 4 h. Among previously defined mechanisms of significance for the cytotoxic reaction, expression of ICAM‐1, but not intracellular Ca2+ changes in PMN or PMN adherence to HUVEC, were reduced by ACEi treatment. Moreover, both ACEi inhibited HUVEC surface expression of TNFα receptor I (but not II). Thus, these ACEi, particularly captopril, interfere with PMN‐induced cytotoxicity for endothelial cells by modulating pro‐inflammatory surface receptors, which is a novel effect that might be explored for further therapeutic approaches.