bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Orosco Ryan K. , Weisman Robert A. , Chang David C. , Brumund Kevin T. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveThe management of advanced laryngeal cancer is evolving, with increasing use of chemoradiation as initial treatment. Recent reports confirm a decline in total laryngectomies (TLs) in the United States. A study was undertaken to evaluate national and regional trends in TLs performed over the most recent decade for which data were available and to use multivariate analysis to characterize these trends in more detail.Study DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingHealthcare Cost and Utilization Project–Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2008.Subjects and MethodsAll patients underwent radical or complete laryngectomy. Descriptive statistics and linear and multivariate regressions were performed on both raw case volumes and nationally extrapolated figures.ResultsIn this nationally representative sample, 8288 TL cases met inclusion criteria between 1998 and 2008. The TL case volumes decreased by 27.3 per year (P =. 005) and showed increasing trends in high‐volume centers. The number of hospitals performing TLs decreased by 12.3 per year (P <. 0005). The South and Midwest showed higher case volumes even after controlling for multiple covariates.ConclusionTotal laryngectomy cases are decreasing and concentrating into high‐volume centers. This study demonstrated unexplained regional variation in case volumes. These findings may affect patients, otolaryngology residency training, surgeons, and reimbursement.
Nimesulide May Be More Efficient Than Allopurinol in Protecting Pancreas From Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in an Animal Model
Authors: Apostolidis Dimosthenis , Ntinas Achilleas , Kardassis Dimitrios , Koulouris Nikolaos , Thomareis Olympia , Karayannopoulou Georgia , Vrochides Dionisios 
Published: November 2012

Objective: To determine the influence of allopurinol and nimesulide in the protection of the pancreas from acute ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 rabbits were divided into 3 groups, group A: acute I/R only; group B: allopurinol (30 mg/kg) was administered intravenously 10 minutes before ischemia; group C: nimesulide (50 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally 20 minutes before ischemia. Neopterin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were examined. Pancreatic biopsies were obtained for electron microscopy study. Results: The mean neopterin concentrations in group A are 3.56 ± 3.41, 7.74 ± 3.59, and 8.94 ± 2.86 ng/mL, respectively, in the stabilization, ischemia, and reperfusion phases; group B: 3.40 ± 3.03, 7.45 ± 8.89, and 10.64 ± 7.47 ng/mL; and group C: 3.41 ± 2.71, 5.67 ± 2.76, and 4.34 ± 2.87 ng/mL. The mean SOD concentrations in group A are 4.25 ± 1.79, 4.48 ± 1.60, and 5.57 ± 1.15 ng/mL; group B: 4.32 ± 0.81, 5.08 ± 1.10, and 4.45 ± 1.31 ng/mL; and group C: 4.10 ± 0.99, 5.23 ± 1.60, and 3.72 ± 1.30 ng/mL. Histopathology showed the least deterioration in group C. Conclusion: Nimesulide is more efficient than allopurinol in protecting pancreas from acute I/R injury.
Cervical Hematoma Following Carotid Endarterectomy is Morbid and Preventable
Authors: Comerota Anthony J. , DiFiore Richard , Tzilinis Argyrios , Chahwan Santiago 
Published: November 2012

Objective: Cervical hematoma (CH) following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a serious complication. We reviewed 12 years of CEA for CH requiring operative evacuation to determine its impact on the patient outcome and relationship to perioperative pharmacotherapy. Methods: A total of 2643 CEAs were reviewed. In all, 57 CHs requiring operative evacuation were compared to all the patients for general characteristics and with a case-controlled cohort group for pharmacologic details. Results: The occurrence of CH was stable from 1994 to 1998 and then increased from 1999 to 2003. The CH increased operative mortality, neurologic complications, adverse cardiac events, and cranial nerve injury. Combined platelet inhibition and dextran alone increased the risk of CH. The CH rate dropped by 65% after the observations were reported to the vascular surgeons. Conclusion: The CH following CEA requiring operative evacuation is associated with increased postoperative mortality and cardiac and neurologic morbidity. Combined platelet inhibition, use of dextran, and elevated creatinine are causally related to CH. Physician awareness and modified pharmacotherapy have decreased the problem.
Effects on human transcriptome of mutated BRCA1 BRCT domain: A microarray study
Authors: Iofrida Caterina , Melissari Erika , Mariotti Veronica , Guglielmi Chiara , Guidugli Lucia , Caligo Maria Adelaide , Pellegrini Silvia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundBRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset) missense mutations have been detected in familial breast and ovarian cancers, but the role of these variants in cancer predisposition is often difficult to ascertain. In this work, the molecular mechanisms affected in human cells by two BRCA1 missense variants, M1775R and A1789T, both located in the second BRCT (BRCA1 C Terminus) domain, have been investigated. Both these variants were isolated from familial breast cancer patients and the study of their effect on yeast cell transcriptome has previously provided interesting clues to their possible role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.MethodsWe compared by Human Whole Genome Microarrays the expression profiles of HeLa cells transfected with one or the other variant and HeLa cells transfected with BRCA1 wild-type. Microarray data analysis was performed by three comparisons: M1775R versus wild-type (M1775RvsWT-contrast), A1789T versus wild-type (A1789TvsWT-contrast) and the mutated BRCT domain versus wild-type (MutvsWT-contrast), considering the two variants as a single mutation of BRCT domain.Results201 differentially expressed genes were found in M1775RvsWT-contrast, 313 in A1789TvsWT-contrast and 173 in MutvsWT-contrast. Most of these genes mapped in pathways deregulated in cancer, such as cell cycle progression and DNA damage response and repair.ConclusionsOur results represent the first molecular evidence of the pathogenetic role of M1775R, already proposed by functional studies, and give support to a similar role for A1789T that we first hypothesized based on the yeast cell experiments. This is in line with the very recently suggested role of BRCT domain as the main effector of BRCA1 tumor suppressor activity.
Allosteric inhibition enhances the efficacy of ABL kinase inhibitors to target unmutated BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL-T315I
Authors: Mian Afsar Ali , Metodieva Anna , Badura Susanne , Khateb Mamduh , Ruimi Nili , Najajreh Yousef , Ottmann Oliver Gerhard , Mahajna Jamal , Ruthardt Martin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphatic leukemia (Ph + ALL) are caused by the t(9;22), which fuses BCR to ABL resulting in deregulated ABL-tyrosine kinase activity. The constitutively activated BCR/ABL-kinase “escapes” the auto-inhibition mechanisms of c-ABL, such as allosteric inhibition. The ABL-kinase inhibitors (AKIs) Imatinib, Nilotinib or Dasatinib, which target the ATP-binding site, are effective in Ph + leukemia. Another molecular therapy approach targeting BCR/ABL restores allosteric inhibition. Given the fact that all AKIs fail to inhibit BCR/ABL harboring the ‘gatekeeper’ mutation T315I, we investigated the effects of AKIs in combination with the allosteric inhibitor GNF2 in Ph + leukemia.

Methods
The efficacy of this approach on the leukemogenic potential of BCR/ABL was studied in Ba/F3 cells, primary murine bone marrow cells, and untransformed Rat-1 fibroblasts expressing BCR/ABL or BCR/ABL-T315I as well as in patient-derived long-term cultures (PDLTC) from Ph + ALL-patients.

Results
Here, we show that GNF-2 increased the effects of AKIs on unmutated BCR/ABL. Interestingly, the combination of Dasatinib and GNF-2 overcame resistance of BCR/ABL-T315I in all models used in a synergistic manner.

Conclusions
Our observations establish a new approach for the molecular targeting of BCR/ABL and its resistant mutants using a combination of AKIs and allosteric inhibitors.
Early detection of tuberculosis through community-based active case finding in Cambodia
Authors: Eang Mao Tan , Satha Peou , Yadav Rajendra Prasad , Morishita Fukushi , Nishikiori Nobuyuki , van-Maaren Pieter , Weezenbeek Catharina Lambregts-van 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Since 2005, Cambodia’s national tuberculosis programme has been conducting active case finding (ACF) with mobile radiography units, targeting household contacts of TB patients in poor and vulnerable communities in addition to routine passive case finding (PCF). This paper examines the differences in the demographic characteristics, smear grades, and treatment outcomes of pulmonary TB cases detected through both active and passive case finding to determine if ACF could contribute to early case finding, considering associated project costs for ACF.

Methods
Demographic characteristics, smear grades, and treatment outcomes were compared between actively (n = 405) and passively (n = 602) detected patients by reviewing the existing programme records (including TB registers) of 2009 and 2010. Additional analyses were performed for PCF cases detected after the ACF sessions (n = 91).

Results
The overall cost per case detected through ACF was US$ 108. The ACF approach detected patients from older populations (median age of 55 years) compared to PCF (median age of 48 years; p < 0.001). The percentage of smear-negative TB cases detected through ACF was significantly higher (71.4%) than that of PCF (40.5%). Among smear-positive patients, lower smear grades were observed in the ACF group compared to the PCF group (p = 0.002). A fairly low initial defaulter rate (21 patients, 5.2%) was observed in the ACF group. Once treatment was initiated, high treatment success rates were achieved with 96.4% in ACF and with 95.2% in PCF. After the ACF session, the smear grade of TB patients detected through routine PCF continued to be low, suggesting increased awareness and early case detection.

Conclusions
The community-based ACF in Cambodia was found to be a cost-effective activity that is likely to have additional benefits such as contribution to early case finding and detection of patients from a vulnerable age group, possibly with an extended benefit for reducing secondary cases in the community. Further investigations are required to clarify the primary benefits of ACF in early and increased case detection and to assess its secondary impact on reducing on-going transmission.
A nationwide, population-based, long-term follow-up study of repeated self-harm in Taiwan
Authors: Chung Chi-Hsiang , Lai Ching-Huang , Chu Chi-Ming , Pai Lu , Kao Senyeong , Chien Wu-Chien 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Previous follow-up studies of repeated self-harm show that the cumulative risk of repeated self-harm within one year is 5.7%–15%, with females at greatest risk. However, relatively few studies have focused on the Far East. The objective of this study was to calculate the cumulative risk of repeated self-harm over different lengths of follow-up time (3 months, 6 months, and 1–8 years), to determine factors influencing repeated self-harm and to explore the interaction between gender and self-harm methods.

Methods
We used self-harm patient who hospitalized due to first-time self-harm between 2000 and 2007 from 1,230 hospitals in Taiwan. Hospitalization for repeated self-harm among members of this cohort was tracked after 3 months, 6 months, and 1–8 years. Tracking continued until December 31, 2008. We analyzed the cumulative risk and risk factors of repeated self-harm by using negative binomial regression.

Results
Of the 39,875 individual study samples, 3,388 individuals (8.50%) were found to have repeatedly self-harmed. The cumulative risk of repeated self-harm within three months was 7.19% and within one year was 8%. Within 8 years, it was 8.70%. Females were more likely to repeatedly self-harm than males (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.15–1.76). The main method of self-harm was solid or liquid substances (RR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.23–2.04) or cutting or piercing (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02–1.82), and in patients with psychiatric disorders were more likely to self-harm (RR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.48–1.75).

Conclusions
The key time for intervention for repeated self-harm is within three months. Appropriate prevention programs should be developed based on gender differences.
Relapse of imported Plasmodium vivax malaria is related to primaquine dose: a retrospective study
Authors: Townell Nicola , Looke David , McDougall David , McCarthy James S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Relapsing Plasmodium vivax infection results in significant morbidity for the individual and is a key factor in transmission. Primaquine remains the only licensed drug for prevention of relapse. To minimize relapse rates, treatment guidelines have recently been revised to recommend an increased primaquine dose, aiming to achieve a cumulative dose of ≥6 mg/kg, i.e. ≥420 mg in a 70 kg patient. The aims of this study were to characterize the epidemiology of P. vivax infection imported into Queensland Australia, to determine the rates of relapse, to investigate the use of primaquine therapy, and its efficacy in the prevention of relapse.

Methods
A retrospective study was undertaken of laboratory confirmed P. vivax infection presenting to the two major tertiary hospitals in Queensland, Australia between January 1999 and January 2011.
Primaquine dosing was classified as no dose, low dose (<420 mg), high dose (≥420 mg), or unknown. The dose of primaquine prescribed to patients who subsequently relapsed that prescribed to patients who did not relapse.

Results
Twenty relapses occurred following 151 primary episodes of P. vivax infection (13.2%). Relapses were confirmed among 3/21 (14.2%), 9/50 (18.0%), 1/54 (1.9%) and 7/18 (38.9%) of patients administered no dose, low dose, high dose and unknown primaquine dose respectively. High dose primaquine therapy was associated with a significantly lower rate of relapse compared to patients who were prescribed low dose therapy (OR 11.6, 95% CI 1.5-519, p = 0.005).

Conclusions
Relapse of P. vivax infection is more likely in patients who received low dose primaquine therapy. This study supports the recommendations that high dose primaquine therapy is necessary to minimize relapse of P. vivax malaria.
A comparison of internal model validation methods for multifactor dimensionality reduction in the case of genetic heterogeneity
Authors: Gory Jeffrey J , Sweeney Holly C , Reif David M , Motsinger-Reif Alison A 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Determining the genes responsible for certain human traits can be challenging when the underlying genetic model takes a complicated form such as heterogeneity (in which different genetic models can result in the same trait) or epistasis (in which genes interact with other genes and the environment). Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) is a widely used method that effectively detects epistasis; however, it does not perform well in the presence of heterogeneity partly due to its reliance on cross-validation for internal model validation. Cross-validation allows for only one “best” model and is therefore inadequate when more than one model could cause the same trait. We hypothesize that another internal model validation method known as a three-way split will be better at detecting heterogeneity models.

Results
In this study, we test this hypothesis by performing a simulation study to compare the performance of MDR to detect models of heterogeneity with the two different internal model validation techniques. We simulated a range of disease models with both main effects and gene-gene interactions with a range of effect sizes. We assessed the performance of each method using a range of definitions of power.

Conclusions
Overall, the power of MDR to detect heterogeneity models was relatively poor, especially under more conservative (strict) definitions of power. While the overall power was low, our results show that the cross-validation approach greatly outperformed the three-way split approach in detecting heterogeneity. This would motivate using cross-validation with MDR in studies where heterogeneity might be present. These results also emphasize the challenge of detecting heterogeneity models and the need for further methods development.
Involvement of GR and p300 in the Induction of H6PD by Cortisol in Human Amnion Fibroblasts
Authors: Wang Weihua , Guo Chunming , Li Wenjiao , Li Jianneng , Wang Wangsheng , Myatt Leslie , Sun Kang 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Human fetal membranes express 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which reduces biologically inert cortisone to active cortisol and may provide an extraadrenal source of cortisol mediating fetal development and parturition. The reductase activity of 11β-HSD1 depends on the availability of the cofactor reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) derived from the enzymatic activity of hexose-6-phosphodehydrogenase (H6PD). Based on the feed-forward induction of 11β-HSD1 by glucocorticoids in human fetal membranes, we hypothesize that glucocorticoids simultaneously induce H6PD in the fetal membranes. We found a parallel distribution of H6PD and 11β-HSD1 in the amnion, chorion, and decidua. In cultured human amnion fibroblasts, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of H6PD expression significantly attenuated the conversion of cortisone to cortisol. Cortisol (0.01–1 μm) induced H6PD expression in a concentration-dependent manner, which was attenuated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486. Cortisol induced the expression of p300, a histone acetyltransferase, whereas C646, an inhibitor of p300, attenuated the induction of H6PD by cortisol. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed GR and p300 in the same nuclear protein complex upon cortisol stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that cortisol increased the binding of p300 and GR to H6PD promoter and the acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 on the promoters. In conclusion, the induction of H6PD by cortisol requires the participation of GR and p300 as well as the acetylation of H3K9 by p300. This may be a prerequisite for the parallel induction of reductase activity of 11β-HSD1 in human amnion fibroblasts in a feed-forward loop that may influence fetal development and the onset of parturition.
Ellipsoid characterization theorems
Authors: Lángi Z. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this note we prove two ellipsoid characterization theorems. The first one is that if K is a convex body in a normed space with unit ball M, and for any point p ∉ K and in any 2-dimensional plane P intersecting intK and containing p, there are two tangent segments of the same normed length from p to K, then K and M are homothetic ellipsoids. Furthermore, we show that if M is the unit ball of a strictly convex, smooth norm, and in this norm billiard angular bisectors coincide with Busemann angular bisectors or Glogovskij angular bisectors, then M is an ellipse.
Are Periodontal Bacterial Profiles and Placental Inflammatory Infiltrate in Pregnancy Related to Birth Outcomes?
Authors: Mesa Francisco , Pozo Elena , Blanc Vanessa , Puertas Alberto , Bravo Manuel , O'Valle Francisco 
Published: November 2012

Background: The aim of this study is to determine whether periodontal clinical parameters, periodontal bacterial profiles, and inflammatory infiltrate in placental chorionic villi are associated with adverse pregnancy results.Methods: The authors designed an observational case‐control study in 244 postpartum females: mothers with preterm/low–birth weight newborns (n = 91 cases) and mothers with full‐term, normal‐weight infants (n = 153 controls). Sociodemographic, gynecologic, and periodontal variables were gathered for all participants. Data on placental inflammatory infiltrate in biopsies from 68 cases and 65 controls and the gingival bacterial profile in mothers with periodontitis were gathered, detecting associations with bivariate analyses and constructing a multiple logistic regression model with the number of positive inflammatory cells as the dependent variable.Results: Periodontal values were significantly worse in cases versus controls. Numbers of leukocyte subsets per square millimeters in maternal and fetal vascular spaces were similar between cases and controls. CD45 in maternal placental space was related to the presence of periodontitis (P = 0.029) but not to case or control group (P = 0.264). The anaerobic and commensal bacterial profile in mothers with periodontitis was similar between the groups.Conclusions: Periodontal disease was more severe and a periodontitis diagnosis more frequent in mothers with preterm or low–birth weight versus normal delivery. No differences in anaerobic or commensal bacterial profile were found between mothers with periodontitis in the two groups. Local placental factors, such as the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate and slightly higher expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in the females with these adverse pregnancy outcomes, may be related to a subclinical proinflammatory status that could contribute to triggering premature labor.
Boric Acid Irrigation as an Adjunct to Mechanical Periodontal Therapy in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sağlam Mehmet , Arslan Uğur , Buket Bozkurt Şerife , Hakki Sema S. 
Published: November 2012

Background: The purpose of this single‐masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of boric acid irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical and microbiologic parameters and compare this method with chlorhexidine irrigation and SRP alone in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Forty‐five systemically healthy patients with CP are included in this study. They were divided into three groups: 1) SRP + saline irrigation (C); 2) SRP + chlorhexidine irrigation (CHX); and 3) SRP + boric acid irrigation (B). To determine an ideal concentration of boric acid, a preclinical analysis was conducted. At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment, clinical measurements, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were performed, and subgingival plaque samples were taken. Quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td) was performed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures.Results: The concentration of boric acid is 0.75% in this study. All clinical parameters showed statistically significant reduction at all time points compared to baseline in all groups (P <0.001). Whole‐mouth PD and CAL reduction was similar in all groups at all time points after treatment (P >0.05). The PD and CAL reductions for moderately deep pockets (PD ≥5 and <7) were greater in the B group compared to other groups between baseline and 1 month (P <0.05). For deep pockets (PD ≥7), reductions were similar in the B and CHX groups (P >0.05). BOP (percentage) was significantly lower in the B group compared with the CHX and C groups in the first month after treatment (P <0.001). GI and PI scores were significantly lower in the B and CHX groups compared with the C group at all time points after treatment (P <0.05). The amounts of Pg, Tf, and Td were significantly reduced in all treatment groups after 1 month (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected among the groups for microbiologic parameters at any time points after treatment (P >0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that boric acid could be an alternative to chlorhexidine, and it might be more favorable because boric acid was superior in whole‐mouth BOP as well as PD and CAL reduction for moderate pockets in early time periods.