bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department–triggered Palliative Care in Advanced Cancer: Proof of Concept
Authors: Kistler Emmett A. , Sean Morrison R. , Richardson Lynne D. , Ortiz Joanna M. , Grudzen Corita R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe American College of Emergency Physicians and the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommend early palliative care consultation for patients with advanced, life‐limiting illnesses, such as metastatic cancer.ObjectivesThe objectives were to assess the process of early referral from the emergency department (ED) to palliative care for patients with advanced, incurable cancer as part of a randomized controlled trial and to compare the proportion and timing of consultation to a care as usual group.MethodsA single‐blind randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01358110) compared early, ED‐based referrals to palliative care for patients admitted with advanced, incurable cancer to physician‐driven consultation (i.e., care as usual). Participants had to speak English or Spanish and have no history of palliative care consultation. They were randomized via balanced block randomization to the intervention or control group. Each intervention subject was referred by a research staff member to the palliative care team for consultation. The usual care group received palliative care only if requested by the admitting physician. Analysis was based on intention to treat. A chart review was performed to assess proportion and timing of palliative care consults during the index admission, defined as: 1) completed palliative care consult documented in the chart and 2) days from admission to palliative care consult.ResultsA total of 134 participants were enrolled and randomized. For patients in the intervention group, 88% (60 of 68) had documented palliative care consultations during their index admissions (95% confidence interval [CI] = 80.5 to 95.5), compared to 18% (12 of 66) in the control group (95% CI = 8.8 to 27.5; p < 0.01). The 60 intervention patients received palliative care consultations on average 1.48 days from admission (95% CI = 1.19 to 1.76), compared to 2.9 days from admission in the 12 control patients (95% CI = 1.03 to 4.79; p = 0.15).ConclusionsThis study documented a low baseline rate of palliative care involvement as part of usual care in patients with advanced cancer being admitted from the ED. Early referral to palliative care in the context of a research study significantly increased the likelihood that patients received a consult, thus meriting further investigation of how to generalize this approach.
Morphology of Coronary Ostia in Domestic Shorthair Cat
Authors: Barszcz K. , Kupczyńska M. , Klećkowska‐Nawrot J. , Skibniewski M. , Janczyk P. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryDiagnosis and treatment of heart diseases due to changes in the coronary vascularization need a detailed knowledge on the morphology and possible variations of the aortic valves and coronary ostia. This study was performed to clarify details on morphology of these structures in domestic cats. The tricuspid aortic valve was examined in 65 domestic shorthair cats. The location of coronary ostia was determined either inferior to (26 and 20%, left and right coronary ostium –LCOandRCO), at (65 and 66%) or superior to the intercommissural line (9 and 14%). In 13 cats (20%), accessory ostia were found either for left, right or both coronary arteries (LCAandRCA). Their position varied between specimens. They were located beyond the main ostium, at its edge, or inside just below the edge. In one cat, no main trunk of theLCAwas found. In one cat, two accessory ostia next to theRCOwere observed. Coronary ostia in cats show anatomical variants and morphological anomalies. This study provides basic data useful for, for example, angiography performed for diagnosis of cardiac diseases and as a basis for surgical interventions.
Rural palliative care transitions from home to hospital: Carers' experiences
Authors: Hatcher Isabelle , Harms Louise , Walker Brigid , Stokes Suzanne , Lowe Alison , Foran Kellie , Tarrant Jacqui 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo document carer perceptions of patients' transitions from community to hospital‐based palliative care in a rural setting.DesignA qualitative study using an interview method at two time points.SettingRural palliative care providers: Kyneton District Health Service and the Macedon Ranges Palliative Care Service, VictoriaParticipantsSix adult caregivers of six palliative care patients who had cancer were interviewed, three of whom were male and three female.Main outcome measuresSemistructured interviews were conducted exploring the caregivers' decisions to transition to hospital‐based care and their perceptions of the transition to hospital and the hospital‐based care these patients received.ResultsThematic analysis revealed that carers made the decision for the patient in their care to transfer from home to hospital care. Carers experienced the transition to hospital care positively, particularly in relation to the communication of the patient's care needs. While communication issues arose while in hospital, they were not related to the transitional aspects of the palliative care service.ConclusionsThe findings from this small, exploratory study suggest that these carers benefited from the new model of rural palliative care service provision. A large‐scale, mixed‐method study would enable more generalisable findings to be established.
Falls in rural and remote community dwelling older adults: A review of the literature
Authors: Boehm Jackie , Franklin Richard C. , King Jemma C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveFalls in older adults represent a significant challenge in Australia; however, the focus is often on urban‐dwelling older adults. The aim of this review was to explore the literature on falls epidemiology and falls prevention interventions (FPI).DesignA literature review was conducted searching Medline, Scopus, Social Sciences Citation Index, Google Scholar, Google and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare publication catalogue.SettingRural and remote Australia.ParticipantsRural and remote community dwelling Australians aged 50 years and older.InterventionLiterature review.Main outcome measuresFalls epidemiology and effective falls prevention interventions.ResultsTwenty references were identified: 14 related to falls epidemiology and 7 to FPI. No significant differences were found between rural, remote and major cities residents in relation to falls hospitalisation, falls mortality or fall‐related injuries sustained. There are a wide assortment of health professionals and non‐health professionals who are involved in providing FPI in rural and remote Australia. However, there was limited information on the effectiveness of these interventions in influencing falls outcomes.ConclusionFew studies explored falls and their prevention in rural and remote Australia. The limited literature on the topic suggests that a change in focus to one that utilises existing services and resources will be required to create sustainable outcomes. Four areas are proposed for concentrated effort to reduce the impact of fall‐related injury in rural and remote Australia: integration and collaboration among health professionals, promotion of physical activity across the lifespan, community involvement and ownership of interventions, and evaluation and publication of findings.
A comparison of fibreoptic‐guided tracheal intubation through the Ambu®Aura‐i™, the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the i‐gel™: a manikin study
Authors: de Lloyd L. J. , Subash F. , Wilkes A. R. , Hodzovic I. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWe compared the Aura‐i™, intubating laryngeal mask airway and i‐gel™ as conduits for fibreoptic‐guided tracheal intubation in a manikin. Thirty anaesthetists each performed two tracheal intubations through each device, a total of 180 intubations. The median (IQR [range]) time to complete the first intubation was 40 (31–50 [15–162]) s, 37 (34–48 [25–75]) s and 28 (22–35 [14–59]) s for the Aura‐i, intubating laryngeal mask airway and i‐gel, respectively. Tracheal intubation through the i‐gel was the quickest (p < 0.01). Resistance to railroading of the tracheal tube over the fibrescope was significantly greater through the Aura‐i compared with the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the i‐gel (p = 0.001). There were no failures to intubate through the intubating laryngeal mask airway or the i‐gel but six intubation attempts through the Aura‐i were unsuccessful, in five owing to a railroading failure and in one owing to accidental oesophageal intubation. We conclude that the Aura‐i does not perform as well as the intubating laryngeal mask airway or the i‐gel as an adjunct for performing fibreoptic‐guided tracheal intubation.
A comparative study of reduced dose alemtuzumab in matched unrelated donor and related donor reduced intensity transplants
Authors: Jardine Laura , Publicover Amy , Bigley Venetia , Hale Geoff , Pearce Kim , Dickinson Anne , Jackson Graham , Collin Matthew 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn vivo T cell depletion with 100 mg alemtuzumab prevents graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in reduced intensity conditioned transplants but is associated with delayed immune reconstitution, a higher risk of infection and relapse. De‐escalation studies have shown that a reduced dose of 30 mg is as effective as 100 mg in preventing GVHD in matched related donor (MRD) transplants. Dose reduction in matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplants is feasible but the comparative efficacy of alemtuzumab in this setting is not known and opinions vary widely concerning the optimal level of GVHD prophylaxis that should be achieved. Through retrospective analysis we made an objective comparison of MUD transplants receiving an empirically reduced dose of 60 mg, with MRD transplants receiving a 30 mg dose. We observed proportionate levels of alemtuzumab according to dose but an inverse relationship with body surface area particularly in MRD transplants. MUD transplants experienced more acute and chronic GVHD, higher T cell chimerism, more sustained use of ciclosporin and less need for donor lymphocyte infusion than MRD transplants. Thus, doubling the dose of alemtuzumab to 60 mg did not provide equivalent prevention of GVHD after MUD transplant although there was no difference in non‐relapse mortality or survival compared with MRD transplants.
Tweeting about sexism: The well‐being benefits of a social media collective action
Authors: Foster Mindi D. 
Published: January 2015

Although collective action has psychological benefits in non‐gendered contexts (Drury et al., 2005, Br. J. Soc. Psychol., 44, 309), the benefits for women taking action against gender discrimination are unclear. This study examined how a popular, yet unexplored potential form of collective action, namely tweeting about sexism, affects women's well‐being. Women read about sexism and were randomly assigned to tweet or to one of three control groups. Content analyses showed tweets exhibited collective intent and action. Analyses of linguistic markers suggested public tweeters used more cognitive complexity in their language than private tweeters. Profile analyses showed that compared to controls, only public tweeters showed decreasing negative affect and increasing psychological well‐being, suggesting tweeting about sexism may serve as a collective action that can enhance women's well‐being.
Pattern of invasion is the most important prognostic factor in patients with penile cancer submitted to lymph node dissection and pathological absence of lymph node metastasis
Authors: Aita Giuliano , da Costa Walter Henriques , de Cassio Zequi Stenio , da Cunha Isabela Werneck , Soares Fernando , Guimaraes Gustavo Cardoso , Lopes Ademar 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo identify prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with penile carcinoma with pathological absence of lymph node metastasis (pN0), as penile carcinoma is a rare neoplasm in European countries, in which the presence of lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor but few studies have examined patients with penile carcinoma with histologically negative nodes (pN0).Patients and MethodsOf patients with penile carcinoma, 101 met the inclusion criteria; 47 (46.5%) underwent bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection (LND) and 54 (53.5%) underwent bilateral inguinopelvic LND. Variables that had a prognostic impact on survival rates in univariate analysis were selected for multivariate survival analysis.ResultsThe cohorts cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 88.1% and 52.5%, respectively. Histological grade and pattern of invasion were the only features to significantly impact survival rates in the univariate analysis. The CSS and OS rates in patients with ‘pushing’ vs ‘infiltrating’ patterns of invasion were 98.0% vs 78.4% (P = 0.003) and 70.0% vs 35.3% (P = 0.005), respectively. Pattern of invasion was the only independent predictor of survival. Patients with infiltrating invasion had a higher probability of death from cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 11.5, P = 0.019) and overall death (HR 2.3, P = 0.007) compared with those with a pushing invasion pattern.ConclusionsThe presence of an infiltrating pattern of invasion is the most important predictor of survival in patients with penile carcinoma. We encourage other centres to confirm our findings that the pattern of invasion is an important prognostic factor in patients with penile carcinoma and pN0 disease.
Looking into laminin receptor: critical discussion regarding the non‐integrin 37/67‐kDalaminin receptor/RPSAprotein
Authors: DiGiacomo Vincent , Meruelo Daniel 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe 37/67‐kDalaminin receptor (LAMR/RPSA) was originally identified as a 67‐kDabinding protein for laminin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that provides cellular adhesion to the basement membrane.LAMRhas evolutionary origins, however, as a 37‐kDa RPS2family ribosomal component. Expressed in all domains of life,RPS2proteins have been shown to have remarkably diverse physiological roles that vary across species. Contributing to laminin binding, ribosome biogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and nuclear functions, this protein governs critical cellular processes including growth, survival, migration, protein synthesis, development, and differentiation. Unsurprisingly given its purview,LAMRhas been associated with metastatic cancer, neurodegenerative disease and developmental abnormalities. Functioning in a receptor capacity, this protein also confers susceptibility to bacterial and viral infection.LAMRis clearly a molecule of consequence in human disease, directly mediating pathological events that make it a prime target for therapeutic interventions. Despite decades of research, there are still a large number of open questions regarding the cellular biology ofLAMR, the nature of its ability to bind laminin, the function of its intrinsically disordered C‐terminal region and its conversion from 37 to 67kDa. This review attempts to convey an in‐depth description of the complexity surrounding this multifaceted protein across functional, structural and pathological aspects.
Testing the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis for Psychopathology Using Family‐Based, Quasi‐Experimental Designs
Authors: Donofrio Brian , Class Quetzal , Lahey Benjamin , Larsson Henrik 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis is a broad theoretical framework that emphasizes how early risk factors causally influence psychopathology. Researchers have raised concerns about the causal interpretation of statistical associations between early risk factors and later psychopathology because most studies have been unable to rule out the possibility of environmental and genetic confounding. In this article, we illustrate how family‐based, quasi‐experimental designs can test the DOHaD hypothesis by ruling out alternative hypotheses. We review the logic underlying sibling‐comparison, cotwin control, offspring of siblings/twins, adoption, and in vitro fertilization designs. We then present results from studies using these designs focused on broad indices of fetal development (low birth weight and gestational age) and a particular teratogen, smoking during pregnancy. The results provide mixed support for the DOHaD hypothesis for psychopathology, illustrating the critical need to use designs that rule out unmeasured confounding.
Chemerin and prediction of Diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Bobbert Thomas , Schwarz Franziska , Fischer‐Rosinsky Antje , Maurer Lukas , Möhlig Matthias , Pfeiffer A.F.H. , Mai Knut , Spranger Joachim 
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectiveInsulin resistance and subclinical inflammation are characteristics in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The adipokine chemerin has been associated with both factors. The aim of this study was to analyse whether chemerin predicts T2DM.DesignBlood samples of 440 participants of the Metabolic‐Syndrome Berlin‐Potsdam (MesyBepo) follow‐up study without diabetes at baseline were available for chemerin measurement. Mean follow‐up of participants was 5·3 years. Glucose metabolism was analysed using oral glucose tolerance test including insulin measurements. Chemerin was measured using a commercially available ELISA.ResultsThirty‐five individuals developed T2DM during follow‐up. Chemerin predicted incident T2DM (Chemerin 1. Tertile: reference, 2. Tertile: OR 2·33 [0·68–7·95]; Chemerin 3. Tertile: OR 3·42 [1·01–11·58] after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, follow‐up time, HbA1c, HOMA‐IR and WHR). In a secondary analysis, chemerin also predicted worsening of fasting glucose and HbA1c (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, time of follow‐up, WHR, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides).ConclusionsOur data suggest that chemerin is a weak predictor of T2DM.
Lebensqualität und psychosoziale Folgen der vernarbenden und der nicht‐vernarbenden Alopezie bei Frauen
Authors: Katoulis Alexandros C. , Christodoulou Christos , Liakou Aikaterini I. , Kouris Anargyros , Korkoliakou Panagiota , Kaloudi Eythymia , Kanelleas Antonios , Papageorgiou Charalabos , Rigopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Alopezie ist eine häufige dermatologische Erkrankung mit zumeist kosmetischen Folgen, jedoch einem wesentlichen psychologischen und psychosozialen Einfluss.ZielVergleichende Erhebung des Einflusses einer vernarbenden und einer nicht‐vernarbenden Alopezie auf die Lebensqualität und verschiedene psychologische Bereiche bei erwachsenen Griechinnen.Patientinnen und MethodenVierundvierzig Frauen im Alter zwischen 18 und 70 Jahren mit vernarbender (n = 19) oder nicht‐vernarbender (n = 25) Alopezie wurden eingeschlossen. Bei allen Patientinnen wurden der Dermatologische Lebensqualitätsindex (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI), die Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), die Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale (RSES) und die UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA‐LS) erhoben.ErgebnisseFrauen mit vernarbender Alopezie hatten höhere DLQI‐, HADS‐ und UCLA‐LS‐Werte und niedrigere RSES‐Werte im Vergleich zu Frauen mit nicht‐vernarbender Alopezie. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen bestanden bei DLQI (p = 0,0067), HADS (p = 0,0008) und den HADS‐Angst (HADS‐A) (p < 0,05) sowie HADS‐Depression (HADS‐D) (p < 0,01) – Subskalen.SchlussfolgerungenBei vernarbender Alopezie ist die psychologische Belastung der Patientinnen schwerer und die Lebensqualität stärker eingeschränkt als bei nicht‐vernarbender Alopezie, was wahrscheinlich die schlechtere Prognose der vernarbenden Alopezie widerspiegelt.
Cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis: common pathways and patient outcomes
Authors: Fernandes Gwen S. , Valdes Ana M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the two most prevalent conditions in the population aged over 70 in developed countries. Both conditions share common risk factors, in particular age and body mass index. However, the very high level of co‐occurrence of both diseases cannot be accounted by common risk factors alone.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the recent literature published in English in PubMed for articles relating to osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease.ResultsOn the one hand, the disability caused by OA increases the risk of CVD and in particular of ischemic events and mortality beyond what can be explained by known common risk factors, such as ageing and obesity. Moreover, the presence of OA has a synergistic effect on CVD symptoms considerably worsening them. On the other hand, at least in women, there appears to be a common pathogenic mechanism underlying atherosclerosis (but not hypertension) and actual joint damage.ConclusionThere are some possible molecular mechanisms underlying both diseases, in particular relating to low grade inflammation and female hormones. However, the data available to date also indicate that OA may be considered as an indirect cause of CVD by increasing walking disability and the use of analgesic medication such as NSAIDs. We discuss future directions that need to be taken to address these highly prevalent, costly and disabling morbidities.
Sex pheromone components of the carpenterworm moth, Holcocerus vicarius
Authors: Yang Mei‐Hong , Liu Hong‐Xia , Liu Jin‐Long , Jing Xiao‐Yuan , Zhang Jin‐Tong , Fan Li‐Hua , Wang Shi‐Fei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractExtracts of the female sex pheromone gland of the carpenterworm moth, Holcocerus vicarius (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), a pest of Ulmus pumila L. (Ulmaceae), were found to contain Z7‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z7‐14Ac), E3‐tetradecenyl acetate (E3‐14Ac), (Z3,E5)‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z3,E5‐14Ac), and Z7‐tetradecenyl alcohol (Z7‐14OH) by coupled gas chromatographic‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) and coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Field trapping studies with impregnated rubber septa indicated that Z7‐14Ac was essential for attraction of males of H. vicarius. However, the most attractive blend contained Z7‐14Ac, E3‐14Ac, Z3,E5‐14Ac, and Z7‐14OH in a 50:22:17:10 ratio. Our results demonstrated that a blend of Z7‐14Ac, E3‐14Ac, Z3,E5‐14Ac, and Z7‐14OH represented the sex pheromone of H. vicarius. The optimized four‐component lure blend may be useful for monitoring H. vicarius infestations and mating disruption.