bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of in vitro bioaccessibility differences for the assessment of risks of metals to bats
Authors: Hernout Béatrice V. , Bowman Sarah R. , Weaver Robert J. , Jayasinghe Channaka J. , Boxall Alistair B.A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Food chain modeling is often used to assess the risks of chemical contaminants to wildlife. In modeling efforts, bioaccessibility from different dietary components is assumed to be similar. The present study explored potential differences in the in vitro bioaccessibility of metals from a range of insect orders, which are common components of the diet of insectivorous bats, and assessed the implications of this for environmental exposure assessment. Bioaccessibility of metals was assessed using an in vitro gastric model simulating gastric and intestinal conditions of insectivorous bats. In vitro–derived metal bioaccessibility was found to differ significantly across insect orders. Bioaccessibility was found to be greatest in Coleoptera, followed by Lepidoptera and Diptera. To establish the implications for risk assessment, a spatially explicit risk model was employed that included and excluded in vitro bioaccessibility data; to examine the daily oral exposure of metals to 14 bat species. The results show that when bioaccessibility data are included in the model, metal exposure predictions across species are changed and that the ranking of bat species, in terms of metal exposure, are altered. The authors recommend that in vitro bioaccessibility data begin to be employed when establishing the risks of contaminants to wildlife species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:898–906. © 2014 SETAC
Lethal and sublethal effects of selected PPCPs on the freshwater rotifer, Plationus patulus
Authors: Martinez Gomez Diana A. , Baca Sarah , Walsh Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been reported in surface waters around the world. The continuous input of these pollutants into freshwaters and their potential effects on aquatic life are of increasing concern. The rotifer Plationus patulus, a basal member of riverine food webs, was used to test acute and chronic toxicity of 4 PPCPs (acetamidophenol, caffeine, fluoxetine, triclosan). A population from a remote site in Mexico (reference population) and one from an urbanized stretch of the Rio Grande were exposed. Acute toxicity tests show that both populations were more sensitive to fluoxetine. Chronic exposure to acetamidophenol (10 mg/L, 15 mg/L, and 20 mg/L) inhibited reference population growth, whereas Rio Grande population growth was inhibited only at 15 mg/L and 20 mg/L. Population growth was inhibited at 200 mg/L and 300 mg/L of caffeine for both populations. Chronic exposure to fluoxetine (0.020 mg/L) significantly inhibited population growth for the Rio Grande population only. Triclosan (0.05 mg/L, 0.075 mg/L, 0.10 mg/L) had the most deleterious effects, significantly reducing both populations' growth rates. Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to PPCPs included decreased egg production and increased egg detachment. A mixed exposure (6 PPCPs, environmentally relevant concentrations) did not affect population growth in either population. However, the continuous introduction of a broad suite of PPCPs to aquatic ecosystems still may present a risk to aquatic communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:913–922. © 2014 SETAC
Long‐term prospective evaluation comparing robotic parathyroidectomy with minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Tolley Neil , Garas George , Palazzo Fausto , Prichard Alexa , Chaidas Konstantinos , Cox Jeremy , Darzi Ara , Arora Asit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTargeted parathyroidectomy is a popular technique for localized pathology. No single technique is established as superior. The purpose of this study was to compare robotic‐assisted parathyroidectomy (RAP) with the most common approach.MethodsThis was a prospective, nonrandomized study. Fifteen consecutive patients who underwent RAP were compared to 15 matched controls undergoing focused lateral parathyroidectomy (FLP).ResultsBiochemical cure occurred in 29 of 30 patients (97%). No major complications occurred, although there was 1 robotic conversion. RAP demonstrated a significant time reduction (R2 = 0.436; p = .01) but took much longer to perform than FLP (119 minutes vs 34 minutes; p = .001). RAP was associated with less initial postoperative pain (p = .036) and higher satisfaction with scar cosmesis (p = .002) until 6 months. Quality of life (QOL) improved in both groups (p = .007).ConclusionRAP provides superior early cosmesis with equivalent global health improvement compared to FLP. The high cost and learning curve may preclude widespread adoption. Further evaluation is necessary to establish its clinical efficacy regarding scar cosmesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E300–E7, 2016
drd2‐cre:ribotag mouse line unravels the possible diversity of dopamine d2 receptor‐expressing cells of the dorsal mouse hippocampus
Authors: Puighermanal Emma , Biever Anne , Espallergues Julie , Gangarossa Giuseppe , De Bundel Dimitri , Valjent Emmanuel 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIncreasing evidences suggest that dopamine facilitates the encoding of novel memories by the hippocampus. However, the role of dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in such regulations remains elusive due to the lack of the precise identification of hippocampal D2R‐expressing cells. To address this issue, mice expressing the ribosomal protein Rpl22 tagged with the hemagglutinin (HA) epitope were crossed with Drd2‐Cre mice allowing the selective expression of HA in D2R‐containing cells (Drd2‐Cre:RiboTag mice). This new transgenic model revealed a more widespread pattern of D2R‐expressing cells identified by HA immunoreactivity than the one initially reported in Drd2‐EGFP mice, in which the hilar mossy cells were the main neuronal population detectable. In Drd2‐Cre:RiboTag mice, scattered HA/GAD67‐positive neurons were detected throughout the CA1/CA3 subfields, being preferentially localized in stratum oriens and stratum lacunosum‐moleculare. At the cellular level, HA‐labeled cells located in CA1/CA3 subfields co‐localized with calcium‐binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin), neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, somatostatin), and other markers (neuronal nitric oxide synthase, mGluR1α, reelin, coupTFII, and potassium channel‐interacting protein 1). These results suggest that in addition to the glutamatergic hilar mossy cells, D2R‐expressing cells constitute a subpopulation of GABAergic hippocampal interneurons. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tiered assessment framework to evaluate human health risk of contaminated sediment
Authors: Greenfield Ben K , Melwani Aroon R , Bay Steven M 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
For sediment contaminated with bioaccumulative pollutants (e.g., PCBs and organochorine pesticides), human consumption of seafood that contain bioaccumulated sediment-derived contaminants is a well-established exposure pathway. Historically, regulation and management of this bioaccumulation pathway has focused on site-specific risk assessment. The state of California (United States) is supporting the development of a consistent and quantitative sediment assessment framework to aid in interpreting a narrative objective to protect human health. The conceptual basis of this framework focuses on 2 key questions: 1) do observed pollutant concentrations in seafood from a given site pose unacceptable health risks to human consumers? and 2) is sediment contamination at a site a significant contributor to seafood contamination? The first question is evaluated by interpreting seafood tissue concentrations at the site, based on health risk calculations. The second question is evaluated by interpreting site-specific sediment chemistry data using a food web bioaccumulation model. The assessment framework includes 3 tiers (screening assessment, site assessment, and refined site assessment), which enables the assessment to match variations in data availability, site complexity, and study objectives. The second and third tiers use a stochastic simulation approach, incorporating information on variability and uncertainty of key parameters, such as seafood contaminant concentration and consumption rate by humans. The framework incorporates site-specific values for sensitive parameters and statewide values for difficult to obtain or less sensitive parameters. The proposed approach advances risk assessment policy by incorporating local data into a consistent region-wide problem formulation, applying best available science in a streamlined fashion. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:459–473. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
We present a sediment quality assessment framework that is focused on protecting people that consume seafood. The framework meets the indirect effects narrative objective for California's Sediment Quality Objectives Program for enclosed bays and estuaries. The approach advances policy for sediment bioaccumulation risk assessment by incorporating local data into a consistent, region-wide problem formulation.
Comparison between two statistical downscaling methods for summer daily rainfall in Chongqing, China
Authors: Fan Lijun , Yan Zhongwei , Chen Deliang , Fu Congbin 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTTwo circulation index‐based methods were applied to downscale summer daily rainfall at four meteorological stations in Chongqing, China. One is a regression method (CIM) and the other a hybrid circulation classification plus regression method (CPM). Both methods used the same three circulation indices and surface specific humidity as predictors. In the first method (CIM), the indices and humidity were used directly as predictors and only one model was developed at each station. In the second method (CPM), the indices were further used to define circulation patterns using the objective Lamb‐Jenkinson classification scheme, and one model was built using humidity as the sole predictor for each pattern. Logistic regression was used to define rainfall probability, and a gamma distribution was fit using observations to randomly generate daily rainfall amounts. The two downscaling methods were validated and compared. The results suggest that (1) both methods yield consistently reasonable results with respect to occurrence and amount of daily rainfall, although they perform poorly in reproducing interannual and interdecadal variability, (2) specific humidity should be used as a predictor. Both methods were forced by two future scenarios of a global climate model (GCM) to demonstrate the added value with two methods. The downscaled scenarios show a shift towards larger rainfall values, accompanied by more frequent dry days. This shift is mainly attributed to a change in specific humidity. Despite the similar performances of the two methods, CPM gives a higher frequency of dry days than CIM, whereas CIM produces stronger intensity of rainfall than CPM. This provides additional information about the uncertainty in the projections.
Roosting habitat use and selection by northern spotted owls during natal dispersal
Authors: Sovern Stan G. , Forsman Eric D. , Dugger Katie M. , Taylor Margaret 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTWe studied habitat selection by northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) during natal dispersal in Washington State, USA, at both the roost site and landscape scales. We used logistic regression to obtain parameters for an exponential resource selection function based on vegetation attributes in roost and random plots in 76 forest stands that were used for roosting. We used a similar analysis to evaluate selection of landscape habitat attributes based on 301 radio‐telemetry relocations and random points within our study area. We found no evidence of within‐stand selection for any of the variables examined, but 78% of roosts were in stands with at least some large (>50 cm dbh) trees. At the landscape scale, owls selected for stands with high canopy cover (>70%). Dispersing owls selected vegetation types that were more similar to habitat selected by adult owls than habitat that would result from following guidelines previously proposed to maintain dispersal habitat. Our analysis indicates that juvenile owls select stands for roosting that have greater canopy cover than is recommended in current agency guidelines. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Fulminant lipid storage myopathy due to multiple acyl‐coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Whitaker Charles H. , Felice Kevin J. , Silvers David , Wu Qian 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The lipid storage myopathies, primary carnitine deficiency, neutral lipid storage disease, and multiple acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), are progressive disorders that cause permanent weakness. These disorders of fatty acid metabolism and intracellular triglyceride degradation cause marked fat deposition and damage to muscle cells. Methods: We describe a rapidly progressive myopathy in a previously healthy 33‐year‐old woman. Over 4 months, she developed a proximal and axial myopathy associated with diffuse myalgia and dysphagia, ultimately leading to respiratory failure and death. Results: Muscle biopsy showed massive accumulation of lipid. Plasma acylcarnitine and urine organic acid analysis was consistent with MADD. This was confirmed by molecular genetic testing, which revealed 2 pathogenic mutations in the ETFDH gene. Conclusions: This report illustrates a late‐onset case of MADD and reviews the differential diagnosis and evaluation of patients with proximal myopathy and excessive accumulation of lipid on muscle biopsy. Muscle Nerve 52: 289–293, 2015
The role of botulinum toxin type a‐induced motor endplates after peripheral nerve repair
Authors: Akdeniz Zeynep D. , Bayramiçli Mehmet , Ateş Filiz , Özkan Naziye , Yucesoy Can A. , Ercan Feriha 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the increased number of new motor endplates induced by botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) injection before nerve injury would be reinnervated after nerve repair, resulting in greater force generation. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: (1) controls; (2) a group with saline solution injection; and (3) a group with BTX‐A injection into gastrocnemius muscle (BTX group). Thirty‐six days after the injections the left sciatic nerve was divided and coapted in all groups. Eight weeks later, muscle forces were measured, and histological samples were collected. Results: No differences in the number of innervated endplates were found between the groups, but the number of denervated endplates was higher in the BTX group, as was the muscle tissue degeneration score. The BTX group showed distal muscle force measurements of up to 25.8% less compared with the control group. Conclusion: Although BTX‐A injection increases the number of motor endplates, they are not functional. Muscle Nerve 52:412–418, 2015
Reliability and validity of active‐seated: An outcome in dystrophinopathy
Authors: Lowes Linda P. , Alfano Lindsay N. , Crawfis Roger , Berry Katherine , Yin Han , Dvorchik Igor , Flanigan Kevin M. , Mendell Jerry R. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionTraditional upper extremity measures typically focus on distal abilities and do not quantify the unique progression of decline in dystrophinopathy. We designed ACTIVE‐seated to meet this need. Our objective was to establish the tool's validity and reliability.MethodsACTIVE‐seated uses the Microsoft Kinect gaming interface to quantify functional reaching ability while playing a custom‐designed game. A skeletal tracking algorithm was used to determine the furthest arm excursion in all planes in 61 subjects with dystrophinopathy and 16 controls.ResultsTotal reachable area was scaled based on arm length to standardize comparisons across subjects and accommodate growth. ACTIVE‐seated discriminately ranked subjects from normal controls and by Brooke level (P < 0.001). Scores were highly correlated with parent reports of daily activities and mobility (P < 0.05). Test–retest reliability of ACTIVE‐seated was excellent (ICC = 0.97, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsInitial evaluation of reliability and validity suggests that ACTIVE‐seated shows promise as a clinical and research outcome for individuals with dystrophinopathy. Muscle Nerve 52:356–362, 2015
Biofeedback Relaxation for Pain Associated With Continuous Passive Motion in Taiwanese Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Tsae‐Jyy , Chang Ching‐Fen , Lou Meei‐Fang , Ao Man‐Kuan , Liu Chiung‐Chen , Liang Shu‐Yuan , Wu Shu‐Fang Vivienne , Tung Heng‐Hsing 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEffective pain management is crucial for patient recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Biofeedback therapy, which encourages relaxation and helps alleviate various conditions associated with stress, may help to decrease postoperative pain in patients undergoing TKA. A quasi‐ experimental design was used to investigate the efficacy of a biofeedback relaxation intervention in reducing pain associated with postoperative continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy. Sixty‐six patients admitted to a general hospital in Taiwan for TKA were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received biofeedback training twice daily for 5 days, concurrent with CPM therapy, whereas the control group did not receive the biofeedback intervention. Pain was measured using a numeric rating scale before and after each CPM therapy session on postoperative days 1 through 5. The CPM‐elicited pain score was calculated by subtracting the pre‐CPM pain score from the post‐CPM pain score. Results of repeated‐measures analysis of variance showed intervention group reported significantly less pain caused by CPM than did the control group (f = 29.70, p < 0.001). The study results provide preliminary support for biofeedback relaxation, a non‐invasive and non‐pharmacological intervention, as a complementary treatment option for pain management in this population. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in Caregiver‐Reported Health Problems and Health Care Use in Maltreated Adolescents and a Comparison Group From the Same Urban Environment
Authors: Schneiderman Janet U. , Kools Susan , Negriff Sonya , Smith Sharon , Trickett Penelope K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMaltreated youth have a high prevalence of acute and chronic mental and physical health problems, but it is not clear whether these problems are related to maltreatment or to a disadvantaged environment. To compare health status and health care use of maltreated youth who had an open case with child protective services to comparison youth living in the same community, we conducted a secondary analysis of caregiver reports for 207 maltreated adolescents (mean age 11.9 years) and 142 comparison adolescents (mean age 12.3 years) living in urban Los Angeles, using questionnaire data from a larger longitudinal study framed in a socio‐ecological model. Caregivers included biological parents, relatives, and unrelated caregivers. Analyses included t‐test, MANOVA, chi‐square, and multivariable logistic regression. Caregivers reported similar rates of physical health problems but more mental health problems and psychotropic medicine use in maltreated youth than in the comparison youth, suggesting that maltreated youths' higher rates of mental health problems could not be attributed to the disadvantaged environment. Although there were no differences in health insurance coverage, maltreated youth received preventive medical care more often than comparison youth. For all youth, having Medicaid improved their odds of receiving preventive health and dental care. Attention to mental health issues in maltreated adolescents remains important. Acceptance of Medicaid by neighborhood‐based and/or school‐based services in low‐income communities may reduce barriers to preventive care. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding factors influencing consumer attitudes toward cause‐related marketing
Authors: Galan Ladero M. Mercedes , Galera Casquet Clementina , Singh Jaywant 
Published: December 2014

Cause‐related marketing (CRM) has proliferated as a marketing strategy and is being employed by numerous brands across product categories. Despite its widespread popularity, not much is known about the factors that influence consumer attitudes toward CRM. In this study, we investigate the antecedents of consumer attitudes toward CRM, specifically sociodemographic characteristics, consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence, and mediating role of consumer values. We test causal relationships employing a partial least squares‐based structural equation model. The data are collected via a structured questionnaire resulting in 456 valid responses. Our study demonstrates that attitudes toward CRM are influenced by sociodemographic characteristics with personal values acting as mediator. In addition, our findings show that consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence affects the importance given to values, which in turn influences attitudes toward CRM. Our study makes theoretical contributions in the domain of CRM, specifically regarding the role of personal values, interpersonal influences, and sociodemographic factors in influencing attitudes toward CRM. In addition, the findings have relevance for managers responsible for their CRM campaigns.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scholarship funding through strategic reporting: the case of Koro Island
Authors: Shardlow Mignon , Brown Alistair 
Published: December 2014

This study used observational and textual analysis to ascertain how the Koro Island Scholarship Fund developed a reporting model to access funding for educational scholarships that facilitated access to high schooling for disadvantaged children in the Lomaiviti Group of Eastern Fiji. The reporting model also provided information to key stakeholders, such as donor groups and aid organizations, for the assessment of student and funding performance. It appears that sound financial accountability of a scholarship fund is welcomed by donors. The scholarship fund appeared to work well if there was limited intrusion into the operations of a donee school, providing space for interrelations between traditional Fijian school values, the island landscape and the local conventions and customs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of insonation angle on four‐chamber view image quality: an observational study on 2866 routine scans
Authors: Jaudi Suha , Fries Nicolas , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie , Dommergues Marc 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine insonation angles achieved in routine screening practice and their impact on image quality.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional observational survey of 2866 four‐chamber views produced by 287 senor ultrasonographers, from unselected routine second‐trimester screening scans. Images were scored from 0 to 5 according to whether two atria, two ventricles, the heart crux, the apex, and the descending aorta were seen. Images were considered adequate if two atria, two ventricles, and the heart crux were seen. The insonation angle was classified as apical, basal, or lateral according to the orientation of the fetal heart to the ultrasound beam.ResultsThere were 1612 (56.3%) apical, 869 (30.3%) basal, and 385 (13.4%) lateral views. The mean score and the rate of adequate images were significantly greater in the apical group (4.56 and 81.8%) than in the basal group (4.19 and 71.1 %) and were significantly greater in the basal group than in the lateral one (3.6 and 30.9%), p < 0.001. Angle of insonation and image quality were not correlated with the experience of the operator.ConclusionsAdequate four‐chamber view images are best obtained with an apical or basal insonation angle, which could be achieved in 8 out of 10 scans. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.