Espirito Santo: The New Deepwater Frontier in Brazil
Authors: Denney Dennis 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper OTC 19082, "Espirito Santo: The New Deepwater Frontier in Brazil," by Marcio Felix Carvalho Bezerra, SPE, and Nery Vicente Milani De Rossi, SPE, Petrobras, prepared for the 2007 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April–3 May.
Petrobras has been active in five simultaneous exploration and production frontiers in the Espirito Santo basin, namely gas in shallow water, light and heavy oil in deepwater, and light oil in ultradeep water and onshore. Petrobras has invested in new infrastructure projects including pipelines, processing plants, and a new port to support offshore operations. The company also has participated in research projects in partnership with the Federal University of Espirito Santo.

Introduction
Petrobras' activities in the state of Espirito Santo, in southeastern Brazil, encompass the Espirito Santo basin (onshore and offshore) and the northern portion of the Campos basin (offshore). Activities began in 1957 with an onshore focus. In 1968, Brazil's first offshore well was drilled in the Espirito Santo basin. In 1978, the Cacao field was the first offshore commercial discovery in the Espirito Santo basin, in a water depth of 19 m.
Onshore production began in 1973, reaching maximum production of 25,000 BOPD in 1984, declining to 9,000 BOPD in 1998, when new fields were discovered by use of new technologies (e.g., 3D seismic). In early 2001, the first commercial deepwater discovery was the Jubarte field in the northern Campos basin, followed in 2003 by the discovery of light oil in deep waters in the Espirito Santo basin (Golfinho field).

Projects
Jubarte. Production began with a 2-month extended well test (EWT). This field produced approximately 20,000 BOPD through the Seillean floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel. Phase-1 field development began December 2006 through FPSO P-34 with a production capacity of 60,000 BOPD. Phase 2 is planned for 2010 through FPSO P-57, with a capacity of 180,000 BOPD.
Heavy-oil-production technologies include use of long horizontal wells to increase the production, use of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) installed on the seabed as the main artificial-lift method with gas lift as backup, and the conversion of the FPSO P-34 to process heavy oil.
Neighboring the Jubarte field, Cachalote, Baleia Franca, and Baleia Ana fields were discovered in 1500-m water depth. Production is scheduled to begin in 2012. The Baleia Azul field (1300 m water depth), south of Jubarte, may begin operation in 2014. The Caxareu, Pirambu, and Manganga fields were discovered in 2006 and are in the study phase to define the production systems.
The Nautilus, Abalone, Ostra, and Argonauta fields are being developed in two phases, with the first phase in 2009, through an FPSO with capacity for 100,000 BOPD.
Catua. The Catua field (in water depth of 1800 m), is 50 km southeast of Jubarte and contains 42°API oil in a carbonate reservoir. Discovered in 2005, an EWT is planned for 2008 to define the technical and commercial feasibility.