bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotropic/nematic and sol/gel transitions in aqueous suspensions of size selected nontronite NAu1
Authors: Michot L. J. , Paineau E. , Bihannic I. , Maddi S. , Duval J. F. L. , Baravian C. , Davidson P. , Levitz P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe phase behaviour of aqueous suspensions of NAu1 nontronite was studied on size-selected particles by combining osmotic pressure measurements, visual observations under polarized light, rheological experiments and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). NAu1 suspensions display a liquid crystalline behaviour as they exhibit a Isotropic/Nematic (I/N) transition that occurs before the sol/gel transition for ionic strengths below 10–3M/L. This I/N transition shifts towards lower volume fractions for increasing particle anisotropy and its position in the phase diagram agrees well with the theoretical predictions for platelets. SAXS measurements reveal the presence of characteristic interparticular distances in the isotropic, nematic and gel phases. In the gel phase a local lamellar order is observed which shows that the “house of cards” model is not appropriate for describing the gel structure in swelling clay materials at low ionic strength. Furthermore, by combining results from osmotic pressure measurements and X-ray scattering, it appears that the pressure of the system can be well described using a simple Poisson-Boltzmann treatment based on the repulsion between charged infinite parallel planes. In terms of rheological properties, even if the thermodynamical status of the sol/gel transition remains partially unclear, the yield stress and elasticity of the gels can be easily renormalized for all particle sizes on the basis of the volume of the particles. Furthermore, rheological modelling of the flow curves shows that for all the particles an approach based on excluded volume effects captures most features of nontronite suspensions.
Iron mineralogy of a grey Oxisol from the Jequitinhonha River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Silva A. C. , Bispo F. H. A. , De Souza S. , Ardisson J. D. , Viana A. J. S. , Pereira M. C. , Costa F. R. , Murad E. , Fabris J. D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe mineralogy of the silt fraction of a 1.5 m-deep, well developed, intensely weathered, greyish soil profile from a toposequence on a tableland covered by agricultural crops in the upper valley of the Jequitinhonha river basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, has been studied by X-ray powder diffraction,57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at 298 K and 80 K, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Mössbauer data collected at room temperature indicated about 17 atom% of the iron content of the sample to be structural Fe2+in phyllosilicates, which X-ray diffraction showed to be mainly halloysite and kaolinite. The magnetization curve also indicates the presence of a ferrimagnetic phase, tentatively identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy as maghemite (γ-Fe2O3).These findings support a pedogenetic model for this soil profile, by which the remaining Fe2+bearing minerals were first formed under relatively anoxic palaeo-conditions of an intense hydric regime. Subsequent drier local conditions, due to a much improved drainage, favoured intensive weathering, leading to the presently developed Oxisol. Even under the more oxidative conditions, part of the Fe2+-containing phyllosilicates still remained in the profile, which is believed to impart the rather unusual greyish colour (Munsell 10YR 3/2) to this deep tropical soil.
Influence of the mineralogical composition on the properties of adobe blocks from Aveiro, Portugal
Authors: Costa C. S. , Rocha F. , Varum H. , Velosa A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEarth materials have been used in the form of adobe or rammed products for the construction of load-bearing walls in buildings. In Portugal, the adobe has been used predominantly on the central coast, particularly in the Aveiro district. Although many old adobe buildings in Aveiro have been abandoned, some of them can be refurbished with minor maintenance and repair works.Representative samples from typical adobe blocks, from various constructions in the region were collected and characterized for their mineralogical composition, particle size, aggregate content, water uptake, durability and strength. These basic properties provide a basis for the development of adequate interventions, preserving the characteristics of the buildings. This study compares the main characteristics of adobes from two different locations (Anadia and Murtosa). The most important differences between the two groups of adobes are the particle size distribution, the mineralogical composition, the water absorption and the mechanical and durability properties. The study improved the knowledge of the traditional construction methods and will enable decisions for rehabilitation of adobe buildings to be made. Knowledge of the main characteristics of adobes allows those participating in the rehabilitation process to obtain the basis for the rehabilitation and conservation of old buildings.
Lead removal from aqueous solutions by natural Greek bentonites
Authors: Bourliva A. , Michailidis K. , Sikalidis C. , Filippidis A. , Betsiou M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThree bentonite samples (B1, B2, B3) from Milos Island, Greece, were investigated by XRD, AAS, DTA-TG, FTIR and specific surface area measurement techniques. A laboratory batch study has been performed to investigate the adsorption characteristics of lead ions (Pb2+) onto natural bentonite samples. The effect of various physicochemical factors that influence adsorption, such as solution pH (2–6), adsorbent dosage (1–10 g L–1), contact time (20–360 min), and initial metal ion concentration (5–150 mg L–1) was studied. A number of available models like the Lagergren pseudo first-order kinetic model, the pseudo second-order kinetic model and intra-particle diffusion were utilized to evaluate the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption of Pb2+ was modelled with the Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R isotherms. The maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacities for B1, B2 and B3 were 85.47 mg g–1, 73.42 mg g–1 and 48.66 mg g–1, respectively.
Engineering minerals for performance applications: an industrial perspective
Authors: Phipps J . S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo a mineralogist, minerals are defined primarily by their crystal structure and chemical composition. Many minerals of industrial importance retain this identity in their final application. For the producer and end user, the physical properties of these industrial mineral products such as size and shape distribution, refractive index, density, hardness, refractoriness and colour are of primary importance, since it is the combination of these, together with its surface chemistry, which gives the mineral its functionality. As a result, minerals which are very different in structure and origin but have many similar physical properties, such as kaolin and calcium carbonate, are often used in very similar roles and in similar applications.Examples of mineral use in diverse applications such as paper, paints and coatings, polymers and films show how the physical properties of different minerals are exploited and engineered to provide optical, mechanical and rheological performance and to minimise cost. Industrial mineral producers have been manipulating these properties for many decades and continue to do so in search of improved performance and new applications. As new high performance materials become more commonplace, the challenge is to find new ways of transforming minerals to provide the necessary functionality for them.
Abrasiveness index of dispersions of Portuguese clays using the Einlehner method: influence of clay parameters
Authors: A. Quintela  , Costa C. , Terroso D. , Rocha F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe unique properties of clays make them suitable for a large number of applications. Among the procedures that can be used to characterize clayey materials, the assessment of the abrasion and the abrasiveness index can be employed to predict the mechanical behaviour of clay samples. However, only a limited number of references to these testing procedures are available in the literature. Several Portuguese clayey samples were collected and the <63 μm fraction was analysed. The main clay minerals present are kaolinite, illite and smectite. The abrasiveness index depends on the granulometric and mineralogical compositions. A lower abrasiveness is induced by the presence of a high abundance of the <2 μm fraction, small mean particle size and a large phyllosilicate content . Kaolinite and illite show good correlation with the abrasiveness index, while smectite decreases abrasion.
Rinkite, cerianite-(Ce), and hingganite-(Ce) in syenite gneisses from the Sushina Hill Complex, India: occurrence, compositional data and petrogenetic significance
Authors: Chakrabarty A. , Mitchell R. H. , Ren M. , Sen A. K. , Pruseth K. L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAccessory rare earth element (REE) minerals occur in small quantities in agpaitic and miaskitic nepheline syenite gneisses of the Sushina Hill Complex, India. TheREE-rich minerals restricted mainly to the agpaitic rocks are rinkite, cerianite-(Ce), and cerian thorite. Rinkite, formed at the ortho-magmatic stage predates otherREE-rich phases and is the most Nd-F-rich rinkite (6.62–7.45 wt.% Nd2O3; 8.75–9.74 wt.% F) with very high Nd/Ce (>2.46) ratios reported to date. Hydrothermal cerianite-(Ce), formed by the decomposition of eudialyte in the agpaitic rocks, occurs as small rounded crystals rich in Ce (∼63–74 wt.% CeO2) and Y (6.03–11.69 wt.% Y2O3). The presence of cerianite-(Ce) indicates formation in an evolving hydrothermal fluid in an oxidizing milieu. Hingganite-(Ce) is present in the miaskitic unit and is considered to represent the superposition of an agpaitic mineral on an initial miaskitic assemblage. Hingganite-(Ce) is characterized by elevated contents of Ce (18.03–21.94 wt.% Ce2O3), and Nd (13.90–15.40 wt.% Nd2O3). Experimental data, coupled with the observed assemblage, suggest that the hingganite-(Ce) precipitated from the hydrothermal fluid between 400 and 300°C followed by cerianite-(Ce) (<∼300°C). This conclusion implies that eudialyte decomposition was probably initiated above 400°C.
Cobaltite-rich mineralization in the iron skarn deposit of Traversella (Western Alps, Italy)
Authors: Nimis P. , Dalla Costa L. , Guastoni A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCobaltite-rich mineralization from the iron skarns of the Traversella magnetite mine (Western Alps, Italy) was studied by reflected-light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. Cobaltite is found in carbonate-chlorite-rich rocks at the margins of the main magnetite masses, where it forms disseminations and metasomatic veinlets that postdate the formation of magnetite. The paragenesis includes cobaltite (± arsenopyrite), bismuthinite, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite, chalcopyrite, carbonates, talc, chlorite and native gold, and is indicative of a low-sulfidation environment. The sulfarsenides show oscillatory and sector zoning, which indicates disequilibrium during crystal growth. Compositional variations are mainly due to variations in the Co/Fe ratio of arsenopyrite and in either the Co/Fe or the Ni/(Fe + Co) ratios of the coexisting cobaltite. The Ni contents are low to very low in the cobaltites (<2.4 wt.%) and very low in the arsenopyrites (<0.16 wt.%). The As/S molar ratios in the cobaltites are highly variable (0.59−1.00) and show a broad negative correlation with the Fe contents. The formation of cobaltite is related to circulation of relatively low-temperature (<∼300°C), (Co,As,Bi)-rich fluids during the retrograde sulfidation stage which followed the formation of magnetite. The apparent restriction of cobaltite (+ bismuthinite ± arsenopyrite) to the margins of the main magnetite columns may reflect the establishment of thermochemical gradients around the main direction of infiltration of the retrograde metasomatic fluids.
Cadmium sulfide in a Mesoproterozoic terrestrial environment
Authors: Parnell J. , Still J. , Spinks S. , Thayalan W. , Bowden S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCadmium sulfide mineralization occurs in grey-black shales of the late Mesoproterozoic Stoer Group, Torridonian Supergroup, northwest Scotland. Cadmium is strongly redox-controlled, and normally concentrated in anoxic marine sediments or epigenetic mineralization involving organic matter. However the Stoer Group was deposited in a terrestrial environment, including lacustrine deposits of shale. At the limited levels of atmospheric oxygenation in the Mesoproterozoic (∼10% of present), the near-surface environment could have fluctuated between oxic and anoxic, allowing fractionation of Cd from Zn, and the formation of Cd sulfide rather than Cd-bearing sphalerite. This occurrence emphasizes the importance of the Stoer Group as a record of the Mesoproterozoic terrestrial environment.
Replacement of hydroxylapatite by whewellite: implications for kidney-stone formation
Authors: Sethmann I. , Grohe B. , Kleebe H.-J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractKidney stones consisting predominantly of whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate, COM) are often found attached to hydroxylapatite (HA) plaques that form in the soft tissue of kidneys, cause lesions and become exposed to urine. Although the processes of stone formation are not entirely known, it is an established view that so-called Randall’s plaques serve as substrates for COM crystal nucleation and growth from correspondingly supersaturated urine. However, the results presented here suggest an additional mineral replacement process is involved. In an experimental approach, HA was reacted in 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM oxalate solutions with pH ranging from 4.5 to 7.5, simulating normal to harsh conditions encountered in urine. Extremely acidic solutions induce dissolution of HA crystals coupled with re-precipitation of the released Ca2+ ions as COM on the HA surface. When, instead, bone was used as a substrate, being more similar to the pathological plaque (aggregated HA nanocrystals within an organic matrix), the HA-COM mineral-replacement reaction is induced even under much milder fluid conditions, commonly found in urine. Hence, a process of COM partly replacing and encrusting Randall’s plaque may take place in the urinary tract of idiopathic stone formers, representing a potential starting event for nephrolithiasis.
Putnisite, SrCa4Cr83+ (CO3)8SO4(OH)16·25H2O, a new mineral from Western Australia: description and crystal structure
Authors: Elliott P. , Giester G. , Rowe R. , Pring A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPutnisite, SrCa4Cr83+ (CO7)8SO4(OH)16·25H2O, is a new mineral from the Polar Bear peninsula, Southern Lake Cowan, Western Australia, Australia. The mineral forms isolated pseudocubic crystals up to 0.5 mm in size in a matrix composed of quartz and a near amorphous Cr silicate. Putnisite is translucent, with a pink streak and vitreous lustre. It is brittle and shows one excellent and two good cleavages parallel to {100}, {010} and {001}. The fracture is uneven and the Mohs hardness 1½−2. The measured density is 2.20(3) g/cm3 and the calculated density based on the empirical formula is 2.23 g/cm3. Optically, putnisite is biaxial negative, with α = 1.552(3), β = 1.583(3) and γ = 1.599(3) (measured in white light). The optical orientation is uncertain and pleochroism is distinct: X pale bluish grey, Y pale purple, Z pale purple. Putnisite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 15.351(3), b = 20.421(4) Å, c = 18.270(4) Å, V = 5727(2) Å3 (single-crystal data), and Z = 4. The strongest five lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d(Å)(I)(hkl)]: 13.577 (100) (011), 7.659 (80) (200), 6.667 (43) (211), 5.084 (19) (222, 230), 3.689 (16) (411). Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) gave (wt.%): Na2O 0.17, MgO 0.08, CaO 10.81, SrO 5.72, BaO 0.12, CuO 0.29, Cr2O3 31.13, SO3 3.95, SiO2 0.08, Cl− 0.28, CO2calc 17.94, H2Ocalc 30.30, O=Cl−0.06, total 100.81. The empirical formula, based on O + Cl = 69, is: Cr8.023+Ca3.78Sr1.08Na0.11Cu0.072+Mg0.04Ba0.02[(SO4)0.96(SiO4)0.03]0.99 (CO3)7.98(OH)16.19Cl0.15·24.84H2O. The crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (MoKα, CCD area detector and refined to R1 = 5.84% for 3181 reflections with F0 > 4σF. Cr(OH)4O2 octahedra link by edge-sharing to form an eight-membered ring. A 10-coordinated Sr2+ cation lies at the centre of each ring. The rings are decorated by CO3 triangles, each of which links by corner-sharing to two Cr(OH)4O2 octahedra. Rings are linked by Ca(H2O)4O4 polyhedra to form a sheet parallel to (100). Adjacent sheets are joined along [100] by corner-sharing SO4 tetrahedra. H2O molecules occupy channels that run along [100] and interstices between slabs. Moderate to weak hydrogen bonding provides additional linkage between slabs.
Trevorite: Ni-rich spinel formed by metasomatism and desulfurization processes at Bon Accord, South Africa?
Authors: O’Driscoll B. , Clay P. L. , Cawthorn R. G. , Lenaz D. , Adetunji J. , Kronz A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe 3.5 Ga Bon Accord Ni deposit occurs within the lowest serpentinized mafic–ultramafic lavas of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa). Though now completely mined out, it comprised a suite of rare Ni-rich minerals that led to its interpretation as either an extraterrestrial body or as an oxidized fragment of Fe-Ni alloy originating from the terrestrial core. In this study, we draw on detailed petrographic observation and mineral chemical data, as well as previous work, to re-evaluate these ideas. The balance of evidence, from thin section (<1 mm) to regional (∼10s of km) scales, appears to support an alternative origin for Bon Accord, possibly as an oxidized Ni-sulfide deposit formed in association with ocean floor komatiite eruptions.
Role of altered growth factor receptor-mediated JAK2 signaling in growth and maintenance of human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells
Authors: Cook Amy M. , Li Liang , Ho Yinwei , Lin Allen , Li Ling , Stein Anthony , Forman Stephen , Perrotti Danilo , Jove Richard , Bhatia Ravi 
Published: March 2014

Key Points
JAK/STAT signaling is constitutively increased in AML stem and progenitor cells. JAK2 inhibition significantly inhibits AML but not normal stem cell growth.
Two splice-factor mutant leukemia subgroups uncovered at the boundaries of MDS and AML using combined gene expression and DNA-methylation profiling
Authors: Taskesen Erdogan , Havermans Marije , van Lom Kirsten , Sanders Mathijs A. , van Norden Yvette , Bindels Eric , Hoogenboezem Remco , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Figueroa Maria E. , Valk Peter J. M. , Löwenberg Bob , Melnick Ari , Delwel Ruud 
Published: March 2014

Key Points
SF-mutant myeloid malignancies transcend the boundaries between AML and MDS. Integrated analysis of gene expression and DNA-methylation profiles in leukemia uncovers novel subtypes.
Erythema associated with pain and warmth on face and ears: a variant of erythermalgia or red ear syndrome?
Authors: Chen Ming-Chun , Xu Qing-Fang , Luo Di-Qing , Li Xiang , He Ding-Yang 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Erythermalgia is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by attacking of erythema, pain and increased temperature, which primarily involves the extremities and may infrequently extend to the neck, face, ears and even the scrotum. We reported an 18-year-old woman who presented with 3 years history of sole involvement of attacking erythema, pain and warmth over her face and ears without any other associations. The frequency and severity of the flares progressed gradually during the course. Cutaneous examination revealed erythema, increased temperature and tenderness on the face and ears during the flare. The symptoms could be relieved rapidly by cooling. Dermatoscope showed that vessels inside the erythema were more dilated during the episode than after application of ice. The lesion is considered a rare variant of erythermalgia with sole involvement of face and ears. The symptoms had mild response to oral antihistamines, topical steroids and tacrolimus, but had excellent response to the combinative therapy of aspirin and paroxetins.
Characterization of the caleosin gene family in the Triticeae
Authors: Khalil Hala Badr , Brunetti Sabrina C , Pham Uyen Minh , Maret Deborah , Laroche André , Gulick Patrick J 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
The caleosin genes encode proteins with a single conserved EF hand calcium-binding domain and comprise small gene families found in a wide range of plant species. Some members of the gene family have been shown to be upregulated by environmental stresses including low water availability and high salinity. Caleosin 3 from wheat has been shown to interact with the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric G proteins, and to act as a GTPase activating protein (GAP). This study characterizes the size and diversity of the gene family in wheat and related species and characterizes the differential tissue-specific expression of members of the gene family.

Results
A total of 34 gene family members that belong to eleven paralogous groups of caleosins were identified in the hexaploid bread wheat, T. aestivum. Each group was represented by three homeologous copies of the gene located on corresponding homeologous chromosomes, except the caleosin 10, which has four gene copies. Ten gene family members were identified in diploid barley, Hordeum vulgare, and in rye, Secale cereale, seven in Brachypodium distachyon, and six in rice, Oryza sativa. The analysis of gene expression was assayed in triticale and rye by RNA-Seq analysis of 454 sequence sets and members of the gene family were found to have diverse patterns of gene expression in the different tissues that were sampled in rye and in triticale, the hybrid hexaploid species derived from wheat and rye. Expression of the gene family in wheat and barley was also previously determined by microarray analysis, and changes in expression during development and in response to environmental stresses are presented.

Conclusions
The caleosin gene family had a greater degree of expansion in the Triticeae than in the other monocot species, Brachypodium and rice. The prior implication of one member of the gene family in the stress response and heterotrimeric G protein signaling, points to the potential importance of the caleosin gene family. The complexity of the family and differential expression in various tissues and under conditions of abiotic stress suggests the possibility that caleosin family members may play diverse roles in signaling and development that warrants further investigation.