bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence of anterior corneal dystrophies after keratoplasty
Authors: DE LA PAZ M , BARRAQUER RI , ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO JP , BUIGUES A , MICHAEL R , BARRAQUER JI 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To describe the rates of simple recurrence (SR) and clinically significant recurrence (CSR) of anterior dystrophies in donor corneas after penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty.Methods Retrospective case series of patients who underwent keratoplasty for anterior dystrophies from 1954 to 2008 with a minimum follow‐up time of three years. Kaplan Meier survival curves were calculated for both parameters (SR and CR) to demonstrate recurrence of the different dystrophies thru time.Results A total of 109 eyes of 66 patients were included: 8 cases of Bowman´s dystrophy (6 eyes with CDRB/Reis Bucklers and 2 eyes with CDTB/Thiel Bhenke), 19 cases of CDG/Granular, 53 cases of CDL/Lattice and 29 cases of CDM/Macular. The median follow‐up time for each kind of dystrophy varied from 75 months (6.25 years) to 180 months (15 years). The survival function for simple recurrence was significantly higher (376.2 months/31 years) for cases of CDM, as compared to those dystrophies related to the keratoepithelin gene : CDRB =177.6 months, CDL=168 months and CDG =89.2 months. Clinically significant recurrence (CR) was noted predominantly in cases of CDL and CDGConclusion Keratoplasty (whether penetrating or lamellar) is an effective treatment for cases of anterior dystrophies, when visual axis is affected or when other less invasive treatment modalities fail. The statistically significant difference in survival time of recurrence after keratoplasty for the different kinds of anterior dystrophies coincides with literature and may help us in prognosticating the best treatment option for each individual case. Theme: DALK and PK Does one or more of the authors have any financial interest in the subject matter of this presentation?: No
Very low risk of light‐induced retinal damage during Boston Keratoprosthesis surgery
Authors: SALVADOR CULLA B , BEHLAU I , SAYEGH RR , STACY RC , DOHLMAN CH , DELORI F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess the possibility of light damage to the retina by a surgical microscope during implantation of a Boston Keratoprosthesis (B‐KPro) in rabbits.Methods The retinal irradiance from a Zeiss OPMI Lumera S7 operating microscope was measured at its working distance (16.5 cm). Light transmittance through an isolated B‐KPro (made of PMMA) was measured. A B‐KPro was implanted into one eye of each of 12 rabbits with the optic of the device initially covered during the procedure. Retinoscopy was performed after the implantation, and external additional lenses were used when needed to focus the light on the retina. The operated eyes were then continuously exposed to a fixed light intensity under the microscope for 1 hour. After the exposure, the rabbits were monitored for 9 days and fluorescein angiography (FA) was carried out at days 2 and 9.Results Light transmittance of the B‐KPro revealed blockage of short wavelengths (from 0.001% at 200nm to 42% at 390nm) and of long wavelengths (12‐35% at 1660‐1750nm). In addition, the surgical microscope blocked part of the blue, ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR) wavelengths of light. FA showed no leak of dye or other morphological changes. Histological examination with H&E staining showed no morphological retinal changes.Conclusion Our results show that the PMMA of the B‐KPro has a very low transmittance of phototoxic wavelengths of light, mostly UV. In addition, modern surgical microscopes have filters for UV and IR wavelengths of the light spectrum. No morphologic damage to the retina from the light exposure from our microscope could be demonstrated. Thus, there should be very low risk of light damage to the retina during routine B‐KPro surgery.
Introduction to study design
Authors: DAMATO B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMuch research is never published. The main cause of failure is the poor quality of the data, which does not allow valid conditions to be drawn. This problem can arise because of poor study design. The aims of this presentation are to discuss quality of data and the study designs developed to improve data validity. It is essential to be aware of the many sources of bias, which can fool the inexpert scientist at any stage of the project. These include selection bias, chanelling bias, interview bias, chronology bias, recall bias, citation bias, confounding, and others. These shortcomings can be avoided by proper study design. Different levels of evidence have been defined to categorize study designs. These levels include: 'expert opinion without critical appraisal'; case‐series; case control studies; cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, with systematic reviews in each category being superior to individual studies. Research should be undertaken only by individuals and teams who have a good understanding of study design. Adequate preparation before initiating the study should result in valid data and a good chance of publication in a high‐impact journal, if the research findings are indeed new and useful.
Matching analysis with your study design
Authors: KIVELÄ T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis talk will highlight some key issues in choosing statistical methods for ophthalmic research, based on personal experience of the author as a writer, reviewer and editorial board member of the EVER Journal, Acta Ophthalmologica. The items discussed, based on examples from recent literature, will include: 1. proper ways of summarising and comparing visual acuities; 2. proper ways of analysing data collected from both eyes of the patients, 3. proper ways of analysing longitudinal follow‐up data, and 4. proper ways of analysing contigency table data. Correct reporting and analysis of data related to the eye is not too difficult as long as one is aware of a few basic rules. Putting them into action helps to ensure that the conclusions you put forward and those that the readers draw from your study will be proper.
Pearls and pitfalls
Authors: KIVELÄ T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe instructor will highlight some pearls and pitfalls in statistics that both authors and readers benefit from knowing, based on his personal experience as a writer, reviewer and editorial board member of the EVER Journal, Acta Ophthalmologica. The items discussed, based on examples from recent literature, will include: 1. how to avoid giving a false impression of precision when reporting key results, 2. how to communicate effect size; 3. how to differentiate statistical from clinical significance, 4. how to communicate statistically non‐significant results, and 5. how to recognise multiple comparisons and adjust for them. Clear reporting of basic statistics is not difficult as long as one is aware of some basic rules. Putting them into action may improve your manuscripts and reading skills when scanning published evidence to base your practice on.
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells convert bone marrow derived macrophages into myeloid suppressor cells with novel phenotype
Authors: XU H , ZHAO J , LUO C , CHEN M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose We have shown previously that macrophages/microglia accumulate in the subretinal space and express CD68 and Arginase‐1 in the aging eye. We hypothesize that Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) cells may play an important role in regulating macrophage/microglial phenotype and function.Methods Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and RPE were cultured from C57BL/6J mice and the phenotype was confirmed by CD11b and F4/80 (for BMDMs) and RPE65 and cytokeratin (for RPE cells) stainings. BMDMs were co‐cultured with RPE cells for different times. Macrophages were then isolated for phenotypic and functional assays.Results Co‐culture of BMDMs with RPE cells resulted in a time‐dependent down‐regulation of MHC‐II and the generation of CD11b+F4/80+Ly6G+ myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The MDSCs expressed high levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, Arginase‐1, and complement inhibitor C1INH, but lower levels of IL‐12p40 and TNF‐a compared to naïve BMDMs. The expression levels of iNOS, TGF‐β and Ym1 did not change compared to naive BMDMs. Furthermore, MDSCs had reduced phagocytic activity and lower ability to stimulate T cell activation and proliferation. When RPE cells were pre‐treated with oxidized photoreceptor outer segments, the expression of IL‐1β and IL‐6 in BMDMs was increased and the expression of Arginase‐1 was decreased.Conclusion Our results suggest that healthy RPE cells can convert BMDMs into myeloid‐derived suppressor cells under in vitro culture conditions. RPE‐induced myeloid‐derived suppressor cells are CD11b+F4/80+Ly6G+MHC‐IIlowIL‐6+IL‐1b+Arg‐1+. This ability of RPE cells is reduced when suffering from oxidative insults.
Ocular Syphilis: Beware of the great imitator!
Authors: VELDMAN E , MEENKEN C , HALABY T , KOOTSTRA G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Treatment of HIV with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended life expectancy with many years. There are signs that the better prognosis of this formerly deadly disease has a negative spin‐off, which is a frequent occurrence of the coexistence of HIV and ocular syphilis.Methods We collected the cases of ocular syphilis in the last 7 years in a general hospital ( Medisch Spectrum Twente, the Netherlands). Furthermore, a literature search was performed to identify papers on the clinical manifestation of this disease, especially in relation to HIV‐infection.Results We analysed the characteristics of 3 patients with ocular syphilis, 2 of these patients had co‐infection with HIV. Several different disease manifestations of Treponema Pallidum infection in the eye were observed, especially with regard to the optic nerve, the macular area and the retinal periphery. Treatment with intravenous Penicillin was successful in all patients, though some eyes developed irreversible loss of function.Conclusion Especially in immune compromised patients ocular syphilis is an acute sight threatening disease, with specific diagnostic challenges, requiring immediate intravenous treatment.
Intraocular rubella virus detection as a diagnostic tool for atypical forms of Fuchs cyclitis
Authors: BOUILLOT A , FEL A , TOUITOU V , LE HOANG P , LABETOULLE M , ROZENBERG F , BODAGHI B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Since 2004, different studies have reported on the pathophysiology of Fuchs cyclitis, which may be due to rubella virus infection. The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical profile and prognosis of rubella virus associated uveitis. Retrospective, observational, bicentric study.Methods All patients managed between January 2009 & march 2013 for an atypical form of Fuchs cyclitis were included. Clinical features for these patients were assessed. An extensive work‐up of anterior or intermediate uveitis was performed in all cases. An anterior chamber tap was done for molecular detection of herpesviruses and intraocular anti‐rubella virus antibody synthesis. Treatment was adapted to the results of ocular fluids analysis.Results The series included 17 patients (M/F : 11/6) with a proven diagnosis of rubella virus‐associated uveitis. The mean age was 43.3years (27‐70)). All patients had a positive outcome for intraocular antibody production against rubella virus with a Goldmann‐Witmer coefficient > 3. Only 3 patients (15%) fulfilled the classical Fuchs cyclitis criteria with stellar keratic precipitates + heterochromia/iris atrophy + cataract + vitritis. Uveitis was bilateral in 3 patients (20%) and 7 patients (35%) had an uncontrolled IOP requiring glaucoma surgery.Conclusion For most of these patients, intraocular rubella virus serology allowed the final diagnosis of Fuchs cyclitis despite incomplete clinical criteria. Intraocular rubella virus detection can help for the diagnosis of atypical forms of Fuchs cyclitis. This avoids unnecessary additional tests and prescription of local or systemic corticosteroids. Secondary glaucoma remains a major complication and needs a close monitoring.
3 months results of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in non infectious uveitis
Authors: DARUGAR A , CHAMPION E , TOUITOU V , FARDEAU C , LE HOANG P , BODAGHI B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate efficacy and safety of dexamethasone implant in patients with non infectious uveitis.Methods Retrospective study. Charts of 30 patients with non infectious uveitis treated with dexamethasone implant between September 2012 from April 2013 were reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra‐ocular pressure (IOP), laser flare meter and retinal central mean thickness (CMT) were followed up initially, at 1 and 3 months in each patient.Results 29 patients of 30 were treated for a macular edema. 1 patient was treated to improve the anti‐inflammatory control for a Behçet disease refractory to immunosupressive therapy. Intravitreal dexamethasone injection was effective in improving BCVA : preoperative mean BCVA was 0.57 logMAR units and improved to 0.45 and 0.43 logMAR units at month 1 and 3. Mean CMT also improved in all patients : the pre‐operative mean CMT was 455 μm and improved to 300 and 312 μm at months 1 and 3, respectively. Macular edema began to relapse in 23 patients at 3 months. Mean anterior chamber flare measured by laser decreased from 250 photons/ms to 60 photons/ms. Safety was good with 3 cases of IOP increase resolved by medical treatment only, 1 case of intravitreal hemorrhage treated by vitrectomy.Conclusion OZURDEX(®) appeared effective in management of uveitis macular edema but its action was short with frequent relapse at 3 months. Its safety seemed to be good. Further studies are needed to evaluate its place in the treatment strategy.
Three‐dimensional analysis of HSV colour space to distinguish small retinal haemorrhages, hard exudates and photocoagulation marks from dust artefacts
Authors: SUZUKI N , YAMANE K 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To detect early diabetic retinopathy, we employed three‐dimensional analysis of HSV colour spaces.Methods Six patients with diabetic retinopathy and small haemorrhages, hard exudates and photocoagulation marks were evaluated using fundus photography, which revealed dust artefacts in the fundi of some patients. We constructed an experimental device similar to the optical system of a fundus camera and made the artificial eyes of the fundus painted four kinds of colours: khaki, sunset, rose and sunflower.　The dust artefacts were photographed under each artificial eye using the experimental device. We analysed all images using Scilab 5.4.0 and SIVP 0.5.3 software, which changed the RGB colour space into an HSV colour space. The software interpreted each value of HSV colour space as a three‐dimensional graph, which was modified using a Gaussian filter.Results We calculated the difference between manifestation and perimanifestation areas and dust artefact and periartefact areas using average HSV values. V values for the manifestations were haemorrhage, 0.06±0.03; hard exudate, −0.12±0.06 and photocoagulation marks, 0.07±0.02. V values for the dust artefacts, visualized under the human eye and the artificial eyes, were human eye, 0.19±0.03; khaki, 0.41±0.02; sunset, 0.43±0.04; rose, 0.47±0.11 and sunflower, 0.59±0.07. Ratios of the dust artefact to manifestation areas in the human eye were haemorrhage, 3.17; hard exudate, −1.58 and photocoagulation, 2.71.Conclusion The HSV colour space displayed good capability to distinguish small retinal haemorrhages, hard exudates and photocoagulation marks from dust artefacts.
Autofluorescence patterns and visual acuity in macular telangiectasia type 2
Authors: BALASKAS K , LEUNG I , SALLO FB , CLEMONS TE , BIRD AC , PETO T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose An analysis was performed with a view of determining potential associations between typical patterns seen on autofluorescence (AF) imaging in patients with Macular Telangiectesia (MacTel) type 2 and distance visual acuity at presentation as well as visual change over a 2‐year follow‐up period, thus ascribing predictive value to AF patterns in MacTel.Methods A subgroup of 135 patients (229 eyes) enrolled in the MacTel study underwent AF imaging. Images were graded at the Moorfields Eye Hospital Reading Centre. Recorded AF patterns at baseline and at two years included the typical pattern of increased central AF due to loss of foveal masking, localized decreased AF at the end of a retinal vessel and a large area of decreased AF. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured by means of the Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts at baseline and after two years. Statistical associations were derived by means of a generalized linear model.Results Presence of increased macular AF (p=0.004), a large area of decreased AF (p<0.001) or decreased AF at the end of a retinal vessel (p<0.001) at baseline were significantly associated with worse BCVA. Presence of increased macular AF (p<0.001) or of localized decreased AF at the end of a retinal vessel (p<0.001) and the absence of a large area of decreased AF (p<0.001) were predictive of a subtle, but statistically significant drop in BCVA at 2 years.Conclusion The typical pattern of increased central AF at baseline is encountered in patients with worse BCVA in MacTel type 2 and is also predictive of further subtle visual loss in a period of two years. Decreased AF is found in patients with worse baseline BCVA though no further visual loss at two years is observed.
How to perform confrontational visual fields, tangent screen and manuel kinetic perimetry
Authors: KAWASAKI A , BORRUAT FX 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNon‐automated visual field testing remains an important clinical skill. Confrontational testing is an important bedside test that can detect subtle hemianopic defects , paticularly when using a red test object. Confrontational and kinetic perimetry are also excellent ways to document a non‐organic origin of severely constricted visual fields. Tangent screen testing and kinetic perimetry are capable of identifying small central defects, particularly those missed on standard automated threshold tests and can delineate thier pattern of defect for purposes of localization. This lecture will review and provide tips on how to perform and interpret these non‐automated forms of perimetry in the appropriate clinical situation.
Psychophysical effects of RGC damage: What tests could we use clinically?
Authors: REDMOND T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVisual field sensitivity is measured clinically in the investigation of retinal conditions such as glaucoma. It is also the primary functional endpoint in many clinical trials in ophthalmology. Since the introduction of the gold standard visual field test, Static Automated Perimetry (SAP), over 30 years ago, a great deal more has been learned about biological changes in the retina in eye disease, particularly in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from cat, primate and rodent models, with many recent studies pointing towards pre‐morbid degenerative events in these cells. There is also growing psychophysical evidence of enlarged RGC receptive fields in conditions such as glaucoma, before detection of damage by SAP. This has renewed interest in the design of functional tests that are capable of detecting subtle changes in the retina in early disease, in the hope that early visual loss can be halted or even reversed. The optimum visual field test is one that is sensitive to pre‐morbid biological changes in the retina with minimal measurement variability and a large measurement range. This test should be applicable to a wide range of diseases that are characterised by RGC damage.
Minocycline as a new neuroprotective agent in a rodent model of NAION
Authors: FEL A , SIMONUTTI M , FROGER N , IVKOVIC I , LEHOANG P , BERNSTEIN SL , BODAGHI B , SAHEL JA , PAQUES M , PICAUD S , TOUITOU V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To study the neuroprotective properties of minocycline in a rodent model of NAION.Methods 6 weeks old Long Evans male rats had induction of NAION in the right eye after intravenous injection of rose bengale and laser‐induced photothrombosis of the head of optic nerve. Treated animals were injected intraperitonealy with minocycline 22mg/kg/day, 3 days before induction and until sacrifice. Controls were treated by PBS during the same period of time. SLO, fluorescein angiography, and OCT were performed at day 1, 8, 15 and 30 to monitor fiber loss. At day 30, all animals were sacrified and flatmounted retina were stained with BRn3a. Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were counted by manual method per field on stereology.Results Sixteen rats had induction of NAION in the right eye, while the left eye was used as an internal control. In the PBS‐treated group, fiber loss was observed on SLO from the day 8 post‐induction. In this group, RGC loss in the NAION eye was 47.9% compared to control eyes (p<0.05). In the minocyclin‐treated group, RGC loss could not be observed on SLO, and stereology demonstrated a 9.58% loss compared to control eyes (not statistically significant).Conclusion Minocycline seems to be an effective neuro protective agent in a rodent model of NAION, when administered before and after induction of NAION. The mechanisms involved in this neuroprotective effect are still to be further evaluated. This molecule could thus be a promising candidate, both in the treatment of NAION but also in the prevention of involvement of the fellow eye.
incidence of Diabetic Macular Edema in type 1 Diabetes
Authors: LUJAIN I 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Diabetic retinopathy is a serious vision threatening complication which can be prevented if detected early.Since diabetic retinopathy has been reported to occur only rarely before the end of pubertal development , children and adolescents are seldom included in screening programmes.. Our main goal is to screen for early retinal changes and review the risk factors involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy in children.Methods We prospectively enrolled 200 children and adolescents with insulin‐dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed before the age of15.0years(disease duration of < 12 years)and who were older than 5.0 years at the time of examination from our pediatric endocrinology clinics at 2 tertiary care hospitals(king abdulaziz university hospital and king faisal specialist hospital) in Jeddah,Saudia Arabia. all patients recived full eye examination including Best Corrected Visual Acuity,Retinal examination was performed with stereoscopic fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscope for peripheral retinal changes and slit lamp exam with 75 D lens for macular edema.Ocular coherence tography(OCT)was performed for all patients to evaluate sub‐clinical macular edemaResults Non of our patients had proliferative diabetic retinopathy changes,we also did not see evidence of diabetic macular edema Mean diabetes duration was 3years and mean HbA1c was 6.5%.Mild non proliferative DR was diagnosed in 30 children (15 %), those with DR were significantly older(P < 10−3),had a longer duration of diabetes (P = 0.001),and had higher HbA1c(P = 0.15). After adjustment for age, only longer duration remained significantly associated with DR (P = 0.01).Conclusion mainstay of prevention is tight glycemic control with regular screening and fundus examination,with OCT if suspension