bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Experience as Art? John Dewey's Lectures in China and the Problem of Mindless Occupational Labor
Authors: Stroud Scott R. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article examines the importance of John Dewey's visit to China in 1919–21 to his general philosophy of meliorism. I will argue that Dewey's view of the economic realities in China, as well as his well-known work on the U.S. educational system, points to an underlying problem—that of mindless work activity. Extending past research on Dewey's notion of artful activity, I will argue that one cannot completely understand Dewey's advice to his Chinese and American audiences without reference to his theory of aesthetic experience and its relation to everyday conduct. Art as Experience then becomes an important point of departure for endeavors that seek to constructively determine what workers can do to make occupational experience more meaningful or artful. Additionally, I will argue that Dewey's reticence to explore the aesthetic in the early 1900s does not entail that this concept was not present. To the contrary, one can see his work in the 1910s and 1920s—including his experience in China—as a precursor for the account of aesthetic experience in everyday life that he finally explicates in the 1930s. In this sense, one can detect a further emphasis on the Chinese conceptual overlay of spontaneity in his evolving thought on artful activity.
Doctoral Symposium Submission
Authors: Roberto K R 
Published: June 2013

<p>How successful are controlled vocabularies at describing transgender topics? This work explores the use of hierarchical taxonomic structures to describe people's often-fluid gender and sexuality identities, particularly the lack of accurate and appropriate language in most commonly used subject thesauri, and how the lack of this accurate and appropriate language can affect potential users. Specifically, I am referring to individuals who identify as gender-nonconforming. This term, as defined by the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, refers to “people who do not follow other people's ideas or stereotypes about how they should look or act based on the female or male sex they were assigned at birth.” The phrase is frequently used as an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of gender identities, including transsexual, drag queen, genderqueer, and butch.</p><p>Many standard vocabularies, including the Library of Congress Subject Headings, have a long and thorny history with regards to prescriptive access points about marginalized groups and sexualities. This work offers a historical overview of the ways in which authorized vocabularies have differed from vernacular language commonly used by community members and LGBTQ scholars to describe their own lives, and explores well- and lesser-known subject vocabularies such as LCSH, MeSH, IHLIA's Homosaurus, and tags assigned by LGBTQ people when describing their personal collections.</p><p> </p>
Participation financière et climat social : une analyse des perceptions comparées dirigeants/salariés
Authors: Stévenot Anne , Guery Loris 
Published: June 2013

L’article s’interroge, dans la perspective de l’institutionnalisme économique de Commons, sur la relation unissant les dispositifs de participation financière au climat social, appréhendé par le biais de la perception qu’en ont les dirigeants et les salariés, d’une part, et par des indicateurs de dysfonctionnements sociaux, tels que l’absentéisme et les conflits sociaux, d’autre part. La question des caractéristiques de ces pratiques (modalités de négociation présidant à leur mise en oeuvre, types de dispositifs, mode de calcul) est également posée. L’étude empirique est fondée sur l’exploitation de l’enquête REPONSE qui représente un échantillon de 3 000 établissements français et de 8 000 salariés. Au-delà des différences de perception entre dirigeants et salariés, les résultats, obtenus à l’aide de modèles de régressions logistiques, mettent tout d’abord en évidence que plus que le montant versé, c’est l’existence même d’un dispositif de participation financière qui influence le climat social. Par ailleurs plus les dispositifs apparaissent comme désintéressés de la part de l’entreprise et meilleur est le climat social du point de vue des salariés. Les modalités de conclusion de l’accord de participation financière, notamment l’intervention des syndicats, ont également une influence sur le climat social. Compte tenu des différences de résultats pouvant exister selon que l’on s’intéresse à la perception des dirigeants, à celle des salariés ou aux indicateurs de dysfonctionnements sociaux, l’article met également en lumière l’importance pour les recherches sur le climat social de prendre en compte à la fois les dimensions objectives du climat social et la perception qu’en ont les acteurs.
Neurodevelopment in perinatally HIV‐infected children: a concern for adolescence
Authors: Laughton Barbara , Cornell Morna , Boivin Michael , Van Rie Annelies 
Published: June 2013

Globally, an estimated 3.4 million children are living with HIV, yet little is known about the effects of HIV and antiretroviral treatment (ART) on the developing brain, and the neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes of perinatally HIV‐infected (PHIV+) adolescents.We reviewed the literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in PHIV+ children and adolescents, and summarized the current evidence on behaviour, general cognition, specific domains, hearing and language, school performance and physical disabilities due to neurological problems.Evidence suggests that PHIV+ children do not perform as well as controls on general cognitive tests, processing speed and visual–spatial tasks, and are at much higher risk for psychiatric and mental health problems. Children with AIDS‐defining diagnoses are particularly at risk for poorer outcomes.A striking finding is the lack of published data specific to the adolescent age group (10–25 years), particularly from resource‐constrained countries, which have the highest HIV prevalence. In addition, extreme heterogeneity in terms of timing and source of infection, and antiretroviral experience limits our ability to summarize findings of studies and generalize results to other settings.Due to the complex nature of the developing adolescent brain, environmental influences and variation in access to ART, there is an urgent need for research on the longitudinal trajectory of neurodevelopment among children and adolescents perinatally infected with HIV, especially in high burden resource‐constrained settings.
Preparation of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Containing the Pyrimidine(6–4)pyrimidone Photoproduct by Using a Dinucleotide Building Block
Authors: Iwai Shigenori 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis unit describes procedures for the synthesis of a dinucleotide‐type building block of the pyrimidine(6–4)pyrimidone photoproduct [(6–4) photoproduct], which is one of the major DNA lesions induced by ultraviolet (UV) light, and its incorporation into oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Although this type of lesion is frequently found at thymine‐cytosine sites, the building block of the (6–4) photoproduct formed at thymine‐thymine sites can be synthesized much more easily. The problem in the oligonucleotide synthesis is that the (6–4) photoproduct is labile under alkaline conditions. Therefore, building blocks with an amino‐protecting group that can be removed by a brief treatment with ammonia water at room temperature must be used for the incorporation of the normal bases. Byproduct formation by the coupling of phosphoramidites with the N3 of the 5′ component should also be considered. This side reaction can be avoided by using benzimidazolium triflate as an activator. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 53:4.56.1‐4.56.18. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis of Phosphoramidate Prodrugs: ProTide Approach
Authors: Serpi Michaela , Madela Karolina , Pertusati Fabrizio , Slusarczyk Magdalena 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe ProTide (pronucleotide) approach is a prodrug strategy elaborated to deliver nucleoside monophosphate into the cell, circumventing the first and inefficient rate‐limiting phosphorylation step of nucleosides and improving the cellular penetration of nucleotides. The ProTide of a nucleoside phosphate is a phosphoramidate prodrug consisting of an amino acid ester promoiety linked via P‐N bond to a nucleoside aryl phosphate. Such prodrugs have increased lipophilicity and thus are capable of altering cell and tissue distribution. The ProTide technology was successfully and extensively applied to a wide variety of nucleoside phosphates, endowed with antiviral and anticancer activity. This unit describes two different synthetic strategies allowing the preparation of phosphoramidates of 6‐O‐methyl‐2′−β‐C‐methylguanosine as model compounds for nucleosides having only the 5′‐OH as reactive hydroxyl group, and phosphoramidates of 2′−β‐D‐arabinouridine (AraU) as model compounds for nucleosides containing two or more reactive hydroxyl groups. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 53:15.5.1‐15.5.15. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Drug‐Impaired Driving
Authors: Verstraete Alain G. , Legrand Sara‐Ann 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Driving is a complex task, requiring the cooperation of several different cognitive and psychomotor functions. Experimental studies have shown that drugs can have a detrimental influence on capacities that are essential for driving. Epidemiological studies have shown that drugs (not including alcohol) are found in 1–11% of the general driving population, in 6–53% of drivers who are injured or killed in traffic crashes, and in 55–99% of drivers who are suspected of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). Drivers who are under the influence of drugs have a higher risk of being involved in, or being responsible for, a crash. Responsibility analyses show that driving under the influence of several drugs increases the risk of being responsible for a crash. Three types of DUID legislation exist: “impairment” legislation, “
per se
” legislation, and the “two‐tier” approach. In impairment legislation, the prosecution must demonstrate that the driver was impaired or “under the influence”. A “
per se
” law prohibits driving if drugs are present in blood, serum, plasma, or oral fluid (OF) above a certain threshold concentration. In the two‐tier approach, the
per se
and impairment approach are combined. In recent years, OF has been used more and more as biological matrix for roadside drug screening. Recent multi‐analyte methods developed for confirmation analysis, either on blood or on OF, use liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry.
Deception Detection
Authors: Honts Charles R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDeception detection is an important task in forensics and security. Criminals and terrorists are highly motivated to deceive, and people are not good in detecting deception without technological assistance. Traditional approaches to assist in the deception detection task have made use of physiological cues measured from the suspect in a controlled environment. To date, only the polygraph has achieved widespread application in forensics. Although there is controversy, research suggests that in forensic settings the polygraph is about 90% accurate in discriminating truth‐tellers from deceivers. This is a considerable improvement over naïve deception detection. Research has examined other physiological measures. Voice stress analysis, although used in forensics, is without demonstrated scientific validity. Recent research suggests that ocular‐motor measures may be able to provide high validity deception detection even in screening settings.
Coordination Chemistry ofo‐Semiquinones
Authors: Pierpont Cortlandt G. , Kelly Joseph K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstracto‐Semiquinone (SQ) radicals are ideally suited to chelate with transition metal ions. Ligand paramagnetism results in spin‐coupling interactions with paramagnetic metal ions, and complexes containing multiple SQ ligands have magnetic properties resulting from inter‐ligand coupling. The unpaired SQ electron resides in a ligand‐localized π orbital close in energy with the valence d orbitals of many transition metal ions. Electron transfer between ligand and metal may be observed under equilibrium conditions by monitoring the temperature‐dependence of spectral and magnetic properties in a process known as valence tautomerism. The redox potentials of common SQ ligands overlap with the redox potentials of metal ions contributing to redox series that may involve reversible electron transfer steps at both the metal and SQ ligands. Multielectron redox reactions involving SQ ligands are useful in small molecule transformations that involve substrate oxidation or reduction over a narrow range in electrochemical potential. These properties are unique to complexes containing ligands capable of changing their charged state by either intramolecular electron transfer within the complex molecule or by an exchange of charge with an external redox component. Reactions and processes of this type will be the focus of this review on the coordination chemistry ofo‐semiquinonate ligands.
The Chemistry of Iron–Alkyl Complexes
Authors: Alberch Eduardo , Ulicki Joseph S. , Asad MD. Sharif , Hossain M. Mahmun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIron‐alkyl complexes are found as intermediates in a variety of homogenous organometallic reactions. The chapter deals with the synthesis, stability and reactions of iron‐alkyl complexes. Wilkinson and Piper in 1956 were the first to report an iron‐alkyl complex, and these investigations lead to the discovery of a whole range of reactions involving these complexes. This chapter will firstly cover the preparation of iron‐alkyl complexes, followed by the main categories of reactions in which these complexes take part, mainly CO insertion reactions and electrophilic cleavage reactions. A brief account of the role of FpMe (Fp = CpFe(CO)2) complexes in catalytic processes are also included in this chapter.
A Summary of Functional Groups Containing Selenium and Tellurium: A Catalog of the Many Groups that are Known and Some that are Not
Authors: Hack Janet E. , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the current chapter we provide a catalog of functional groups containing the chalcogens selenium and tellurium where by functional group we mean the central atom, Se or Te, and its local arrangement of atoms bonded to it by single or multiple bonds (its neighborhood). We will do so by cataloging examples of compounds containing the groups. The atoms that define the local neighborhood are limited here to H, C, N, the chalcogens O, S, Se, Te, and the halogens F, Cl, Br and I. As such we avoid Se‐ and Te‐bonding to metals and metalloids and so we will ignore all salts, and we also ignore all groups with formal charges. However arbitrarily, we did include complexes involving species wherein, with appropriate bond‐shifting, we can draw the compound of interest without any formal charges. We have also avoided mention of free radicals and other species with unpaired electrons. All of the groups were explicitly chosen, and have at least one carbon attached to the selenium or tellurium. For each group we generally give one compound as an example (admittedly our choice of name is often unsystematic), a reference to the primary literature (again chosen unsystematically), and the CAS RN for the example compound (when available). Where there is no example we will generally explicitly say so, occasionally with due annotation as NO CAS RN or “no compounds identified” to encourage their study.
Organic Selenocyanates, Tellurocyanates and Related Compounds
Authors: Toshimitsu Akio 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Preparations, physical properties and reactions of organic selenocyanates, isoselenocyanates, and tellurocyanates are described. The preparations of organic selenocyanates include synthetic procedures (1) by substitution of halogen and related group, (2) from diazonium salts, (3) from organometallic compounds, (4) by selenocyanation, and (5) by formation of an SeCN bond. The preparations of organic isoselenocyanates include synthetic procedures (1) by formation of a CSe bond, (2) by substitution of halogen atom and (3) by [3.3]sigmatropic rearrangement. The reactions of organic selenocyanates include (1) additions to the CN bond, (2) substitution of the CN group, (3) elimination of the CN group, and (4) isomerization to isoselenocyanates. The reactions of organic isoselenocyanates include (1) addition of nitrogen nucleophile, (2) addition of oxygen nucleophile, (3) addition of sulfur, selenium or tellurium nucleophile, and (4) reaction of carbon nucleophile. Coverage of the literature is nearly complete from 1986 to 2011.
Advances in the Photochemistry of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds
Authors: Ouchi Akihiko , Ando Wataru , Oba Makoto 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReview on the photochemistry of organoselenium and tellurium compounds. The reactions were classified to photofragmentation and photoelimination, photosubstitution, photoaddition, photoisomerization and photorearrangement, photooxidation, photoreduction, photochemical reaction of organometallic complexes, and miscellaneous reactions.
Aligned Chitosan‐Polycaprolactone Polyblend Nanofibers Promote the Migration of Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Kievit Forrest M. , Cooper Ashleigh , Jana Soumen , Leung Matthew C. , Wang Kui , Edmondson Dennis , Wood David , Lee Jerry S. H. , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Zhang Miqin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn vitro models that accurately mimic the microenvironment of invading glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cells will provide a high‐throughput system for testing potential anti‐invasion therapies. Here, the ability of chitosan‐polycaprolactone polyblend nanofibers to promote a migratory phenotype in human GBM cells by altering the nanotopography of the nanofiber membranes is investigated. Fibers are prepared with diameters of 200 nm, 400 nm, and 1.1 μm, and are either randomly oriented or aligned to produce six distinct nanotopographies. Human U‐87 MG GBM cells, a model cell line commonly used for invasion assays, are cultured on the various nanofibrous substrates. Cells show elongation and alignment along the orientation of aligned fibers as early as 24 h and up to 120 h of culture. After 24 h of culture, human GBM cells cultured on aligned 200 nm and 400 nm fibers show marked upregulation of invasion‐related genes including β‐catenin, Snail, STAT3, TGF‐β, and Twist, suggesting a mesenchymal change in these migrating cells. Additionally, cells cultured on 400 nm aligned fibers show similar migration profiles as those reported in vivo, and thus these nanofibers should provide a unique high‐throughput in vitro culture substrate for developing anti‐migration therapies for the treatment of GBM.
Precision spectroscopy of the 2S‐4P transition in atomic hydrogen on a cryogenic beam of optically excited 2S atoms
Authors: Beyer Axel , Alnis Janis , Khabarova Ksenia , Matveev Arthur , Parthey Christian G. , Yost Dylan C. , Pohl Randolf , Udem Thomas , Hänsch Theodor W. , Kolachevsky Nikolai 
Published: June 2013

Precision spectroscopy of the 2S − 4P1/2 and 2S − 4P3/2 transitions in atomic hydrogen is performed with a reproducibility of a few parts in 1012. A cryogenic beam of metastable 2S atoms is obtained by optical excitation, avoiding excessive heating of electron impact excitation used in all previous experiments of this kind. Despite the low temperature of 5.8 K, the first‐order Doppler effect is the dominating systematic shift, which is suppressed to a very high degree. The effectiveness of this suppression is verified by employing a time‐resolved detection scheme. This experiment should contribute to an improved determination of the Rydberg constant and the proton r.m.s. charge radius.
Synthesis and characterization of salep sulfate and its utilization in preparation of heavy metal ion adsorbent
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Doulabi Malihe , Alamolhoda Ali Asghar , Tavakkoli Elham , Amirshekari Shokoufe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA multicomponent polysaccharide obtained from dried tubers of certain natural terrestrial orchids was chemically modified by sulfonation using chlorosulfonic acid–dimethylformamide (HClSO3–DMF) complex as a reagent. For a structural characterization of salep sulfate 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves were recorded. The sulfate content of modified salep was determined using elemental analysis. This modified biopolymer was used to prepare a new environment‐friendly heavy metal ion adsorbent, salep sulfate‐graft‐polyacrylic acid hydrogel (SS‐g‐PAA). Swelling rate and equilibrium water absorbency in various pH and saline solutions were investigated to study the effect of salep sulfate on swelling behavior of the hydrogel. In addition, the effect of sulfate content on heavy metal ion adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated. The results show that SS‐g‐PAA can effectively remove heavy metal ions (Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) from aqueous solution and swelling behavior of the hydrogels highly dependent on the amount of sulfate group on corresponding modified polysaccharide. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3001–3008, 2013
Synthesis and characterization of elastomeric polyurethane and PU/clay nanocomposites based on an aliphatic diisocyanate
Authors: Saha Chinmoy , Chaki Tapan K. , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis investigation reports preparation of polyurethane and polyurethane/clay nanocomposites based on polyethylene glycol, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), an aliphatic diisocyanate and 1,4‐ Butanediol as chain extender by solution polymerization. In this case PU/clay nanocomposites were prepared viaex‐situmethod using 1, 3, and 5 wt % of Cloisite 30B. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) of the PU/clay nanocomposite is much higher than the pristine PU. The tensile properties improved upon increasing the organoclay (Cloisite 30B) content upto 3 wt %, and then decreased to some extent upon further increasing the nanoparticle loading to 5 wt %. Optical properties of the nanocomposites were studied by UV‐vis spectrophotometer. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the morphology of the nanocomposites. It was observed that with the incorporation of 3 wt % nanoclay the crystallinity in PU nanocomposite increases, then diminishes with further loading. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3328–3334, 2013
Free volume as an internal material parameter to probe interfaces in ternary polymer blends: A positron lifetime study
Authors: Dinesh Meghala , Chikkakuntappa Ranganathaiah 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA new method to characterize individual interfaces in ternary polymer blends from experimentally measured fractional free volume from Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) has been developed. By this, we derive the composition dependent miscibility level in ternary polymer blends. This method has its genesis in KRZ (Kirkwood–Risemann–Zimm) theory which introduces hydrodynamic interaction parameter as a measure of excess friction generated at the interface between dissimilar polymer chains resulting in energy dissipation. The method successfully applied for binary blends has been theoretically modified to suit ternary blends in the present work. The efficacy of this method has been tested for two ternary blends namely polycaprolactone/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PCL/SAN/PVC) and polycaprolactone/poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(vinyl acetate) (PCL/PVC/PVAc) in different compositions. We obtained a maximum effective hydrodynamic interaction (αeff) of −12.60 at composition 80/10/10 of PCL/PVC/PVAc while PCL/SAN/PVC showed −1.60 at 68/16/16 composition. These results suggest that these compositions produce high miscibility level as compared to other compositions. DSC measurements have also been used to supplement positron results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3335–3344, 2013