bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InCHlib – interactive cluster heatmap for web applications
Authors: Škuta Ctibor , Bartůněk Petr , Svozil Daniel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Hierarchical clustering is an exploratory data analysis method that reveals the groups (clusters) of similar objects. The result of the hierarchical clustering is a tree structure called dendrogram that shows the arrangement of individual clusters. To investigate the row/column hierarchical cluster structure of a data matrix, a visualization tool called ‘cluster heatmap’ is commonly employed. In the cluster heatmap, the data matrix is displayed as a heatmap, a 2-dimensional array in which the colour of each element corresponds to its value. The rows/columns of the matrix are ordered such that similar rows/columns are near each other. The ordering is given by the dendrogram which is displayed on the side of the heatmap.

Results
We developed InCHlib (Interactive Cluster Heatmap Library), a highly interactive and lightweight JavaScript library for cluster heatmap visualization and exploration. InCHlib enables the user to select individual or clustered heatmap rows, to zoom in and out of clusters or to flexibly modify heatmap appearance. The cluster heatmap can be augmented with additional metadata displayed in a different colour scale. In addition, to further enhance the visualization, the cluster heatmap can be interconnected with external data sources or analysis tools. Data clustering and the preparation of the input file for InCHlib is facilitated by the Python utility script inchlib_clust.

Conclusions
The cluster heatmap is one of the most popular visualizations of large chemical and biomedical data sets originating, e.g., in high-throughput screening, genomics or transcriptomics experiments. The presented JavaScript library InCHlib is a client-side solution for cluster heatmap exploration. InCHlib can be easily deployed into any modern web application and configured to cooperate with external tools and data sources. Though InCHlib is primarily intended for the analysis of chemical or biological data, it is a versatile tool which application domain is not limited to the life sciences only.
A scientific study of the pigments in the wall paintings at Jokhang Monastery in Lhasa, Tibet, China
Authors: Li Zhimin , Wang Lele , Ma Qinglin , Mei Jianjun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Knowledge about pigments applied in ancient wall paintings is of great importance in art conservation and art history. In this study, fifteen pigment samples from the wall painting on the pilgrimage-corridor at the Jokhang Monastery in Lhasa, Tibet were analyzed, using different techniques, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman microspectroscopy (Raman), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). It is found that azurite, malachite, red lead, cinnabar, mars red, orpiment, gold, calcite, magnesium carbonate, barium white, especially modern synthetic Ultramarine blue, emerald green, chrome yellow and lithopone were used as colorants on plaster. This result suggests that the wall painting may have been executed after the 1850s, mostly in about the 1900s.
Criminal investigation: malpractice and cruelty in care
Authors: Meredith John 
Published: September 2014

On the 3 November 1999 after a 7 day trial, a jury at Northampton Crown Court found the proprietor of a residential home guilty on two counts of ill-treatment and wilful neglect towards an 89-year-old male resident. He was sentenced on 21 December 1999 to serve 9 months and 6months to run concurrently. The proprietor was also ordered to pay the prosecutions costs of £1700.
Convergent developments in Dutch Turkish word order – A comparative study using ‘elicited production’ and ‘judgment’ data: Converging evidence?
Authors: Onar Valk Pelin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Language is a very dynamic entity, so language change is inevitable, especially in contact settings. Most contact studies are based on recordings of spontaneous speech. Useful as this has been, such data cannot tell us everything: for one thing, they do not tell us much about the degree to which the attested changes are entrenched in bilinguals' linguistic competence, and whether the changes are manifested mostly in bilingual speech, i.e. when the speakers are codeswitching at the same time. This paper aims to look for converging evidence, a fairly recent notion (Schönefeld, 2011:1), by employing two experimental techniques to explore a single issue: Dutch influence on the word order of immigrant Turkish in the Netherlands. More specifically, the focus is on the position of the matrix verb in complex clauses. Dutch and Turkish differ in their word orders, specifically in the position of the verb. Although Turkish can be claimed to have a relatively free word order, it is canonically verb-final. Dutch, on the other hand, is a verb-medial language, at least in main clauses. This study discusses findings as to whether immigrant Turkish verb positioning differs from TR-Turkish practice, and whether the differences are more pronounced when speakers are in a bilingual mode. It studies data from three groups of participants; 1) Bilinguals in bilingual mode, 2) Bilinguals in monolingual mode and 3) Monolinguals. One method employs elicited ‘production’ data reflecting bilingual ‘performance’ and the other one ‘judgments’ reflecting ‘comprehension’ or ‘linguistic knowledge’ (i.e. converging evidence). Unconventionalities, changes in preferences and frequency differences in these data are interpreted subtypes of a contact-induced change in this paper. Interestingly, the data from the two different sources did not converge completely: for the structures caught up in change, the ‘judgment’ data showed full acceptability of both the changed and the non/changed structures, while the ‘production’ data showed a clear preference for the former. The paper finally focuses on the question what kind of change mechanism may be responsible for the changes. The findings point to restructuring (Heine & Kuteva), which overlaps with Johanson's frequential copying and Matras' ‘other outcomes of pivot matching’. In conclusion, the results show that word order in Dutch Turkish is changing.
Language competencies of future teachers – Design and results of an empirical study
Authors: Scholten-Akoun Dirk , Mashkovskaya Anna , Tischmeyer Daniel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article introduces a measuring method, with which linguistic deficits of first-year students can be recognized. Many problems which lead to extended study times, to difficulties or even to giving up studies are linguistically induced. The testing tools introduced here focus on the (written) language skills of first-years students of degree programs for future teachers. The aim is to precisely identify linguistic deficits and to subsequently develop and offer training programs alongside studies.
In the first test-stage modified C-tests are used to allow a general assessment of students' academic language skills. In the second stage the students have to deal with a writing task on an educational topic, which forms the basis for describing the students' linguistic deficits in qualitative terms. This study is based on the test data of 2891 students in teacher-training programs from three different universities in North Rhine-Westphalia and provides first results, especially with regard to a differentiated comparison of the language skills of students with and without migration background.
Detection of UV Pulse from Insulators and Application in Estimating the Conditions of Insulators
Authors: Wang Jingang , Chong Junlong , Yang Jie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Solar radiation in the band of 240–280 nm is absorbed by the ozone layer in the atmosphere, and corona discharges from high-voltage apparatus emit in air mainly in the 230–405 nm range of ultraviolet (UV), so the band of 240–280 nm is called UV Solar Blind Band. When the insulators in a string deteriorate or are contaminated, the voltage distribution along the string will change, which causes the electric fields in the vicinity of insulators change and corona discharge intensifies. An UV pulse detection method to check the conditions of insulators is presented based on detecting the UV pulse among the corona discharge, then it can be confirmed that whether there exist faulty insulators and whether the surface contamination of insulators is severe for the safe operation of power systems. An UV-I Insulator Detector has been developed, and both laboratory tests and field tests have been carried out which demonstrates the practical viability of UV-I Insulator Detector for online monitoring.
High Penetration of Electrical Vehicles in Microgrids: Threats and Opportunities
Authors: Khederzadeh Mojtaba , Khalili Mohammad 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Given that the microgrid concept is the building block of future electric distribution systems and electrical vehicles (EVs) are the future of transportation market, in this paper, the impact of EVs on the performance of microgrids is investigated. Demand-side participation is used to cope with increasing demand for EV charging. The problem of coordination of EV charging and discharging (with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functionality) and demand response is formulated as a market-clearing mechanism that accepts bids from the demand and supply sides and takes into account the constraints put forward by different parts. Therefore, a day-ahead market with detailed bids and offers within the microgrid is designed whose objective is to maximize the social welfare which is the difference between the value that consumers attach to the electrical energy they buy plus the benefit of the EV owners participating in the V2G functionality and the cost of producing/purchasing this energy. As the optimization problem is a mixed integer nonlinear programming one, it is decomposed into one master problem for energy scheduling and one subproblem for power flow computation. The two problems are solved iteratively by interfacing MATLAB with GAMS. Simulation results on a sample microgrid with different residential, commercial and industrial consumers with associated demand-side biddings and different penetration level of EVs support the proposed formulation of the problem and the applied methods.
Forecasting Volatility and the Risk–Return Tradeoff: An Application on the Fama–French Benchmark Market Return
Authors: Vafiadis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe paper uses the daily stock market index returns of Fama–French to attempt a comparative forecasting analysis of different volatility models. The comparison naturally pre-requests the specification of the competing volatility frameworks and therefore the paper among other issues deals with dilemmas about whether volatility–return relations hold. As expected the analysis focuses on FIEGARCH-M models that extend the basic long memory volatility framework of
Vom nationalen Narrativ vergessen – Der Beitrag des Herzogtums Kurland und Semgallen sowie des Piltener Kreises während der Schlacht bei Kirchholm im Jahre 1605
Authors: Balcerek Mariusz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
On September 27th, 1605 a battle between a numerically superior Swedish army and cavalry strong Polish-Lithuanian forces took place close to Kirchholm a small town just outside of Riga. The surprising defeat of the Swedes and the conclusions drawn from this encounter had a massive impact on the development of the military in the 17th century. Even though that there is a large number of publications on this topic, the contribution of the Dutchy of Courland and Semigallia as well as the Piltene district during this battle has not found adequate appreciation in modern literature. This article illustrates in detail how important the support of these troops from Livland was for the outcome of this battle at the banks of the Düna and therefore substantiates the knowledge and the image of one of the most important clashes of the Polish-Swedish War 1600-1629 on the eve of the Thirty Years‘ War.
Adliger Stand und militärischer Rang. Konflikt- muster hochadliger Offiziere in der brandenburgisch- preußischen Armee (1713–1786)
Authors: Winkel Carmen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
During the 18th century, the officers of the European standing armies were usually of noble origin. The requirements the army had towards the officers conflicted with their own self understanding. It was requirement of them to leave their »lone soldier « attitude behind and subordinate into a hierarchically system.
The officer corps of the early modern times were dominated by nobles and the aforementioned conflicts had an impact of different intensity on the relation between the point d’honneur and the requirements of the military service.
As for the Prussian example, it was assumed that this conflict between noble origin and military rank was less virulent than in the French army. Reason for that believe was mainly that the majority of the Prussian officers originated from the gentry. It was also assumed that the monarch was able to impose a better discipline among his officers.
One group of officers, members of the high nobility, has been completely ignored so far. That comes as a surprise given the fact that they accounted for 10 percent of all generals. Those princes had a protestantic background, served in the army for several reasons and were preferentially promoted. Their service in the army did not come without potential conflicts which required the monarch to compromise and using different strategies to solve them.
Peacekeeping Works, or Does It?
Authors: Dorussen Han 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThere is a renewed scholarly interest in peacekeeping with quantitative, systematic empirical studies figuring prominently. Arguably, this recent work has gone some way to address two puzzles that have consistently surrounded debates on peacekeeping. The first puzzle is that reporting on peacekeeping and public opinion tend to be critical. Regardless, peacekeeping has become an important element of efforts by the international community to resolve conflict. The second puzzle of peacekeeping is the contrast between quantitative, comparative studies and case studies in their assessment of the effectiveness of peacekeeping. This survey shows that recent research provides general evidence supporting the importance of peacekeeping, but some serious concerns remain.
Behavioral Health Services Following Implementation of Screening in Massachusetts Medicaid Children
Authors: Hacker Karen A. , Penfold Robert B. , Arsenault Lisa N. , Zhang Fang , Murphy Michael , Wissow Lawrence S. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVES:To determine the relationship of child behavioral health (BH) screening results to receipt of BH services in Massachusetts Medicaid (MassHealth) children.METHODS:After a court decision, Massachusetts primary care providers were mandated to conduct BH screening at well-child visits and use a Current Procedural Terminology code along with a modifier indicating whether a BH need was identified. Using MassHealth claims data, a cohort of continuously enrolled (July 2007–June 2010) children was constructed. The salient visit (first use of the modifier, screening code, or claim in fiscal year 2009) was considered a reference point to examine BH history and postscreening BH services. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of postscreening BH services.RESULTS:Of 261 160 children in the cohort, 45% (118 464) were screened and 37% had modifiers. Fifty-seven percent of children screening positive received postscreening BH services compared with 22% of children screening negative. However, only 30% of newly identified children received BH services. The strongest predictors of postscreening BH services for children without a BH history were being in foster care (odds ratio, 10.38; 95% confidence interval, 9.22–11.68) and having a positive modifier (odds ratio, 3.79; 95% confidence interval, 3.53–4.06).CONCLUSIONS:Previous BH history, a positive modifier, and foster care predicted postscreening BH services. Only one-third of newly identified children received services. Thus although screening is associated with an increase in BH recognition, it may be insufficient to improve care. Additional strategies may be needed to enhance engagement in BH services.
Atención de Enfermería brindada a jóvenes en dos centros de salud comparado con la Teoría de Watson
Authors: Pichardo Meza María Alejandra , Zúñiga Rodríguez María Catalina 
Published: September 2014

Elobjetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de un estudio comparado entre la teoría de Jean Watson y la atención que brinda la enfermera o el enfermero a los adultos jóvenes en la Clínica de Control del Dolor y Cuidado Paliativo y en el Servicio de Onco-hematología del Hospital Max Peralta en Cartago. Se trata de una investigación mixta de tipo paralelo con triangulación concurrente. Las poblaciones de estudio estuvieron conformadas por 26 personas adultas jóvenes (con procesos mórbidos de salud o en condición de dolor crónico) y cuatro profesionales de Enfermería, quienes laboran en la Clínica de Control del Dolor y Cuidado Paliativo y en el Servicio de Onco-hematología del hospital mencionado. Se aplicó un cuestionario auto-administrado y una entrevista semi-estructurada; los datos cuantitativos fueron procesados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS y los cualitativos, en categorías. Los diez postulados que conforman la Teoría del Cuidado Humano son aplicables en la atención proporcionada por los enfermeros a personas con procesos mórbidos de salud y condiciones de dolor crónico. La atención de Enfermería se enfocó, principalmente, en el favorecimiento de la calidad de vida a partir de un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y manejo del dolor. La población adulta joven percibe un trato enfermero cálido, cordial y humano. Conclusión: El personal de Enfermería incluye en su atención diaria elementos de la propuesta teórica de Jean Watson, incluso cuando refiere no conocerla
La realidad detrás de las farmacéuticas: sendas de una posmodernidad que no perdona
Authors: Rodríguez Artavia Allan 
Published: September 2014

El siguiente artículo se origina de la necesidad actual de analizar cuál es la realidad en torno a la industria farmacéutica a partir de los postulados de la (post) modernidad. Para su formulación, se efectuó una revisiónbibliográfica en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (Bireme) y en la Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), en donde tras la aplicación de criterios de inclusión determinados, se obtuvo un total de 23 artículos que fungieron como base del planteamiento hecho. En cuanto a los principales resultados, en trece de los documentos analizados se critica el proceso de comercialización que ha dictado la pauta por seguir en la producción farmacéutica; luego, en otros siete se plantea que en dicha industria se restringe el acceso a los medicamentos en los países o regiones con menor poder adquisitivo, dado que existe resistencia a financiar investigaciones referentes a enfermedades que no son lucrativas. Como conclusión se afirma que en la actualidad, debido a los procesos propios de las políticas neoliberales y al capitalismo que envuelven a la producción farmacéutica, se perdió como objetivo la salud de la comunidad, trasformando dicho derecho en un proceso demarketing y mercantilismo.
The Agrodiversity Experiment: three years of data from a multisite study in intensively managed grasslands
Authors: Kirwan Laura , Connolly John , Brophy Caroline , Baadshaug Ole , Belanger Gilles , Black Alistair , Carnus Tim , Collins Rosemary , Čop Jure , Delgado Ignacio , De Vliegher Alex , Elgersma Anjo , Frankow-Lindberg Bodil , Golinski Piotr , Grieu Philippe , Gustavsson Anne-Maj , Helgadóttir Áslaug , Höglind Mats , Huguenin-Elie Olivier , Jørgensen Marit , Kadžiulienė Žydrė , Lunnan Tor , Lüscher Andreas , Kurki Päivi , Porqueddu Claudio , Sebastia M.-Teresa , Thumm Ulrich , Walmsley David , Finn John 
Published: September 2014

Intensively managed grasslands are globally prominent ecosystems. We investigated whether experimental increases in plant diversity in intensively managed grassland communities can increase their resource use efficiency.This work consisted of a coordinated, continental‐scale 33‐site experiment. The core design was 30 plots, representing 15 grassland communities at two seeding densities. The 15 communities comprised four monocultures (two grasses and two legumes) and 11 four‐species mixtures that varied in the relative abundance of the four species at sowing. There were 1028 plots in the core experiment, with another 572 plots sown for additional treatments. Sites followed a protocol and employed the same experimental methods with certain plot management factors, such as seeding rates and number of cuts, determined by local practice. The four species used at a site depended on geographical location, but the species were chosen according to four functional traits: a fast‐establishing grass, a slow‐establishing persistent grass, a fast‐establishing legume, and a slow‐establishing persistent legume. As the objective was to maximize yield for intensive grassland production, the species chosen were all high‐yielding agronomic species.The data set contains species‐specific biomass measurements (yield per species and of weeds) for all harvests for up to four years at 33 sites. Samples of harvested vegetation were also analyzed for forage quality at 26 sites.These data should be of interest to ecologists studying relationships between diversity and ecosystem function and to agronomists interested in sustainable intensification. The large spatial scale of the sites provides opportunity for analyses across spatial (and temporal) scales. The database can also complement existing databases and meta‐analyses on biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships in natural communities by focusing on those same relationships within intensively managed agricultural grasslands.
How Do Rare Earth Elements (Lanthanoids) Affect Root Development and Protocorm-Like Body Formation in Hybrid CYMBIDIUM?
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Only few studies in the plant tissue culture literature have examined the impact of lanthanoids, or rare earth elements, on in vitro plant organogenesis. In this study, using a model plant, hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’, the impact of six lanthanoids (lanthanum (III) nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO3)3 · 6H2O), cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3 · 6H2O), neodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Nd(NO3)3 · 6H2O), praseodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Pr(NO3)3 · 6H2O), samarium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Sm(NO3)3 · 6H2O), gadolinium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Gd(NO3)3 · 6H2O) on new protocorm-like body (neo-PLB) formation on Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium was examined. 0 (control), 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg·dm-3 of each lanthanoid was tested. All lanthanoids could produce more neo-PLBs and neo-PLB fresh weight than TC medium lacking plant growth regulators (PGRs), suggesting some PGR-like ability of lanthanoids, although PLB-related traits (percentage of half-PLBs forming neo-PLBs; number of neo-PLBs formed per half-PLB; fresh weight of half-PLB + neo-PLBs) was always significantly lower than TC medium containing PGRs. Except for Gd, all other lanthanoids had no negative impact on the number of new leaves from neo-PLB-derived shoots, but all lanthanoids showed a significantly lower plant height, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight and, in most cases, SPAD (chlorophyll content) value. In addition, using the same concentration of the six lanthanoids, the ability to fortify root formation of neo-PLB-derived plantlets was also assessed. Except for Sm, all other lanthanoids significantly increased the number of roots, root fresh and dry weight.