bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyspigmentation, skin physiology, and a novel approach to skin lightening
Authors: Draelos Zoe , Dahl Amanda , Yatskayer Margarita , Chen Nannan , Krol Yevgeniy , Oresajo Christian 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundEven facial pigmentation is considered a universal sign of youth and beauty in all cultures and at all ages in both men and women. The recent FDA concern about the safety of topical hydroquinone has provided the impetus for research into new pigment lightening alternatives in the cosmetic OTC market.AimThis research examined a novel hydroxyphenoxy propionic acid, ellagic acid, yeast extract, and salicylic acid formulation applied twice daily compared to the standard prescription combination of 4% hydroquinone cream and 0.025% tretinoin cream applied nightly.MethodThis single‐center investigator‐blinded 12 week study enrolled 82 subjects (7 male, 75 female) ages 25–60 years divided into 2 balanced groups of 41 subjects each with one group using a novel hydroxyphenoxy propionic acid, ellagic acid, yeast extract, and salicylic acid formulation applied twice daily compared to the standard prescription combination of 4% hydroquinone cream and 0.025% tretinoin cream applied nightly.ResultsSignificant tolerability issues arose with the prescription combinations that were not seen with the cosmetic formulation. In terms of ability to even skin tone, decrease spot intensity, decrease spot size, and improve overall pigmentation, both products demonstrated parity.ConclusionThis research demonstrated the value of cosmetic formulations as part of a treatment regimen for pigmentation issues.
Ultrastructure study of hair damage after ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Zuel‐Fakkar Nehal Mohamed , El Khateeb Ekramy Ahmed , Cousha Hala Sobhi , Hamed Dina Mohamed 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundNatural ultraviolet exposure induces hair damage, which is difficult to avoid. Most of the research work is focused on the effect of ultraviolet on the epidermis, dermis as well as the immune system, whereas the long‐term effect of ultraviolet on hair has not been investigated.Aim: we performed our experiment to find out the changes induced in hair follicle and shaft in those patients exposed to high doses of ultraviolet (A and B) during treatment of other skin conditions.Patients and MethodsLight and transmission electron microscopy examination of scalp hair follicles and shafts of 10 patients with vitiligo under psoralen plus ultraviolet A (group 1) and 10 patients with vitiligo under narrow band ultraviolet B (group 2) was carried out and compared with those of 10 healthy volunteers (group 3).ResultsPhysical changes in the appearance of hair were more in groups 1 and 2 than control. Reduced hair follicle thickness and perifollicular infiltrate and hyaline disorganized perifollicular collagen were observed more in group 1 than in group 2 with the absence of these changes in group 3. Transmission electron microscopy showed nonspecific cell injury in hair follicles in group 1 more than the other 2 groups, while the damaging effect on hair was more in the second group than the others.ConclusionDue to the damaging effect of ultraviolet on hair, patients under treatment with this modality should be cautious to protect their hair during treatment.
Role performance of psychiatric nurses in advanced practice: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Fung Y. L. , Chan Z. , Chien W. T. 
Published: December 2013

Accessible summary
Psychiatric advanced practice nurses perform multifaceted roles and demonstrate significant results in managing clients with depression and psychological stress, and community‐dwelling individuals with mental health‐care needs.
Psychiatric advanced practice nurses can potentially develop collaborative partnerships with non‐mental health service providers, services that are more accessible to users of mental health‐care service, and services that enhance the quality of inpatient care.
Psychiatric advanced practice nurses need to demonstrate their competence in providing cost‐effective interventions through well‐designed studies or randomized controlled trials.
AbstractThis paper discusses findings from a systematic review of literature pertaining to the role performance of psychiatric nurses in advanced practice. A search of 11 electronic databases was conducted to identify research involving interventions by psychiatric (or mental health) nurses in advanced practice. A total of 14 studies were identified. In this review, the role performance of psychiatric nurses in advanced practice was categorized into three themes: (1) the provision of psychosocial interventions; (2) the provision of nurse‐directed services in health‐care contexts; and (3) the provision of psychiatric nursing consultation services. Our results document that psychiatric nurses in advanced practice perform multifaceted roles and provide mental health‐care services in various contexts. This systematic review reveals that the nurses obtain significant results in managing clients with depression and psychological stress, and demonstrates their value when developing partnerships with non‐mental health service providers. One study, however, showed that the nurses had insignificant results in performing transitional care for pre‐discharged mental health service users.
Phenotypic responses to incubation conditions in ecologically distinct populations of a lacertid lizard: a tale of two phylogeographic lineages
Authors: Verdú‐Ricoy J. , Iraeta P. , Salvador A. , Díaz J. A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe experimentally studied the effects of genetic legacy (eastern vs. western phylogeographic lineage) and population of origin (lowland vs. highland) on the sensitivity of lizard embryos and juveniles to incubation temperature and moisture among four populations of the lacertid Psammodromus algirus. Incubation time was longer at lower temperature, increased slightly at higher moisture, and shorter for highland than for lowland females. Eggs incubated at 24°C produced larger, heavier and shorter tailed hatchlings than those incubated at 32°C. Western juveniles survived better during their first month of life than eastern ones, and juveniles incubated at 32°C survived better than those incubated at 24°C; survivorship was lowest for 24°C hatchlings from the eastern, lowland population. Because juveniles incubated at 32°C grew more rapidly, after 1 month they had compensated their initial size disadvantage. Juveniles incubated at 80% moisture were larger and/or heavier than those incubated at 10% moisture both at hatching and after 1 month. Our results show that although incubation temperature was the main source of phenotypic variation, not all its effects were evident at hatching. Because western juveniles were more tolerant to incubation at low temperature than eastern ones, we suggest that such differences may have limited the westward expansion of the eastern lineage.
Identifying suicide risk in a metropolitan probation trust: Risk factors and staff decision making
Authors: Cook Lisa C. , Borrill Jo 
Published: December 2013

PurposeThis study aimed to identify risk factors that predicted staff judgements about previous or current suicide risk in offenders under probation supervision in a metropolitan probation trust.MethodThe study used data from Offender Assessment System risk assessment electronic records. Data were collected on staff judgements about previous or current risk of suicide in 38,910 offenders under community supervision in 2009/2010. Data on demographic, offence related, clinical, historical, and situational factors known to be linked with risk of suicide in relevant populations were also gathered.ResultsTwelve per cent of the sample were identified as previously or currently ‘at risk’ of suicide. A logistic regression revealed seven factors that reliably predicted staff decisions about suicide risk. The most significant factor which had a large effect on staff judgements was previous history of self‐harm, suicide attempts or suicidal thinking. Other factors which had a small effect on judgements included coping skills, psychiatric treatment/medication, attitude to self, childhood abuse, current psychological problems/depression, and history of close relationship problems. Several prominent risk factors for suicide in related populations did not strongly predict risk decisions including alcohol misuse, offence type, social support, age, and gender.ConclusionsThe study highlighted that working with offenders ‘at risk’ of suicide is a regular element of probation practice. The findings suggest that transferable risk assessment skills may support staff in suicide risk decisions. However, they also underline the need to raise awareness of prominent suicide risk factors to support staff in this challenging area of practice. The study findings strengthen support for the provision of suicide awareness training for all staff. Further research should explore staff decisions in more depth and seek to develop our understanding of risk factors associated with actual suicidal behaviour in community offenders.
Population structure, growth and production of a recent brachiopod from the Chilean fjord region
Authors: Baumgarten Sebastian , Laudien Jürgen , Jantzen Carin , Häussermann Verena , Försterra Günter 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMagellania venosa, the largest recent brachiopod, occurs in clusters and banks in population densities of up to 416 ind m−2 in Comau Fjord, Northern Chilean fjord region. Below 15 m, it co‐occurs with the mytilid Aulacomya atra and it dominates the benthic community below 20 m. To determine the question of why M. venosa is a successful competitor, the in situ growth rate of the brachiopod was studied and its overall growth performance compared with that of other brachiopods and mussels. The growth in length was measured between February 2011 and March 2012 after mechanical tagging and calcein staining. Settlement and juvenile growth were determined from recruitment tiles installed in 2009 and from subsequent photocensus. Growth of M. venosa is best described by the general von Bertalanffy growth function, with a maximum shell length (L∞) of 71.53 mm and a Brody growth constant (K) of 0.336 year−1. The overall growth performance (OGP index = 5.1) is the highest recorded for a rynchonelliform brachiopod and in the range of that for Mytilus chilensis (4.8–5.27), but lower than that of A. atra (5.74). The maximal individual production (PInd) is 0.29 g AFDM ind−1 year−1 at 42 mm shell length and annual production ranges from 1.28 to 89.25 g AFDM year−1 m−2 (1–57% of that of A. atra in the respective fjords). The high shell growth rate of M. venosa, together with its high overall growth performance may explain the locally high population density of this brachiopod in Comau Fjord. However, the production per biomass of the population (‐ratio) is low (0.535) and M. venosa may play only a minor role in the food chain. Settling dynamics indicates that M. venosa is a pioneer species with low juvenile mortality. The coexistence of the brachiopod and bivalve suggests that brachiopod survival is affected by neither the presence of potential brachiopod predators nor that of space competitors (i.e. mytilids).
Interaction of a Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei effector candidate with a barley ARF‐GAP suggests that host vesicle trafficking is a fungal pathogenicity target
Authors: Schmidt Sarah M. , Kuhn Hannah , Micali Cristina , Liller Corinna , Kwaaitaal Mark , Panstruga Ralph 
Published: December 2013

SummaryFilamentous phytopathogens, such as fungi and oomycetes, secrete effector proteins to establish successful interactions with their plant hosts. In contrast with oomycetes, little is known about effector functions in true fungi. We used a bioinformatics pipeline to identify Blumeria effector candidates (BECs) from the obligate biotrophic barley powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). BEC1–BEC5 are expressed at different time points during barley infection. BEC1, BEC2 and BEC4 have orthologues in the Arabidopsis thaliana‐infecting powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii. Arabidopsis lines stably expressing the G. orontii BEC2 orthologue, GoEC2, are more susceptible to infection with the non‐adapted fungus Erysiphe pisi, suggesting that GoEC2 contributes to powdery mildew virulence. For BEC3 and BEC4, we identified thiopurine methyltransferase, a ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme, and an ADP ribosylation factor‐GTPase‐activating protein (ARF‐GAP) as potential host targets. Arabidopsis knockout lines of the respective HvARF‐GAP orthologue (AtAGD5) allowed higher entry levels of E. pisi, but exhibited elevated resistance to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. We hypothesize that ARF‐GAP proteins are conserved targets of powdery and downy mildew effectors, and we speculate that BEC4 might interfere with defence‐associated host vesicle trafficking.
Medical relief for the 2011 Japan earthquake: A nursing account
Authors: Mitani Satoko , Kako Mayumi , Mayner Lidia 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn 2011 the east coast of Japan experienced a massive earthquake which triggered a devastating tsunami destroying many towns and killing over 15 000 people. The work presented in this paper is a personal account that outlines the relief efforts of the Humanitarian Medical Assistance team and describes the efforts to provide medical assistance to evacuees. The towns most affected had a large proportion of older people who were more likely to have chronic conditions and required medication to sustain their health. Since personal property was destroyed in the tsunami many older people were left without medication and also did not remember which type of medication they were taking. Some evacuees had brought a list of their medication with them, this assisted relief teams in obtaining the required medication for these people. The more successful evacuation centers had small numbers of evacuees who were given tasks to administer the center that kept them occupied and active.
Technical report: an ePRO patient reported outcome program for the evaluation of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Gerson C. D. , Gerson M.‐J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatient reported outcome (PRO) is an important healthcare concept that describes patient's participation in their care by self‐evaluation, usually in the form of questionnaires. This report describes an unique computerized technique, electronic PRO (ePRO), for following the progress of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsPatients first completed a series of questionnaires, including questions about their illness history, symptom severity, and, in this application, psychological and relationship issues. The symptom severity and psychological questionnaires were then completed at intervals by the patients on their own computers. The ePRO was constructed to allow scores to be automatically summed and placed on a time‐line graph for review at the time of the next office visit.Key ResultsOf the 32 patients who completed the initial set of questionnaires, 20 maintained participation in the program for a 6‐month period. Of those 20 patients, median number of submissions was 7.0; median interval between questionnaire submissions was 3.0 weeks, whereas median interval between office visits was 5.9 weeks. On average, questionnaire completion took less than 5 min and was positively experienced by the patients.Conclusions & InferencesThe ePRO program proved to be technically feasible, clinically useful, and positively experienced by the patients. It provides a focus on a collaborative conversation between physician and patient. It has significant potential as a technique for evaluating outcome in response to various therapies.
A novel anterograde neuronal tracing technique to selectively label spinal afferent nerve endings that encode noxious and innocuous stimuli in visceral organs
Authors: Kyloh M. , Spencer N. J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundOne major weakness in our understanding of pain perception from visceral organs is the lack of knowledge of the location, morphology and neurochemistry of all the different types of spinal afferent nerve endings, which detect noxious and innocuous stimuli. This is because we lack techniques to selectively label only spinal afferents. Our aim was to develop an anterograde tracing technique that labels only spinal afferent nerve endings in visceral organs, without also labeling all other classes of extrinsic afferent and efferent nerves.MethodsMice were anesthetized with isoflurane and dextran‐biotin injected, via glass micropipettes (diameter 5 μm), into L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia. Mice recovered for 7 days, were then euthanized and the colon removed.Key ResultsAnterograde labeling revealed multiple unique classes of afferent endings that terminated within distinct anatomical layers of the colon and rectum. We characterized a particular class of intramuscular ending in the circular muscle (CM) layer of the colon that consists of multiple varicose axons that project circumferentially.Conclusions & InferencesWe demonstrate a technique for selective anterograde labeling of spinal afferent nerve endings in visceral organs. This approach facilitates selective visualization of the precise morphology and location of the different classes of spinal afferent endings, without visual interference caused by indiscriminant labeling of other classes of afferent and efferent nerve axons which also innervate internal organs. We have used this new technique to identify and describe the details of a particular class of intramuscular spinal afferent ending in the CM layer of mouse large intestine.
Reducing the risk in neonatal anesthesia
Authors: Thomas Jenny 
Published: December 2013

SummaryNeonatal anesthesia is fraught with potential risk for the patient and stress for the anesthesiologist. Where possible, recognition of these risks, avoidance of, and being able to manage them appropriately, must impact positively on perioperative outcomes in this vulnerable group of patients. Good communication with the parents, as well as with other healthcare providers, is crucial to safe and successful anesthetic care.
Dentistry for Jordanians with special needs
Authors: Waldman H. Barry , Perlman Steven P. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThere are thousands of residents with disabilities in Jordan. Despite national legislation to assure individuals with disabilities needed services, including education and employment, social inclusion of these individuals is difficult since societal views exclude them from functioning as members of a community. While there are no national studies of the dental needs of individuals with disabilities in Jordan, local reports indicates limited use of dental services and the need for increased oral hygiene and restorative services. Examples of dental education accreditation standards in other countries are used as models for the improvement in the preparation of dental students to provide services for individuals with special needs.
Translation and cultural adaptation of an objective pain assessment tool forFinnishICUpatients
Authors: Pudas‐Tähkä Sanna‐Mari , Axelin Anna , Aantaa Riku , Lund Vesa , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: December 2013

AimThe purpose of this study was to culturally validate three pain measurement instruments [BehavioralPainScale (BPS), theCritical‐CarePainObservationTool (CPOT) and theNonverbalAdultPainAssessmentScale (NVPS)] for sedated intensive care patients and in doing so to prepare the tools for psychometric testing in theFinnish intensive care environment.BackgroundMost patients feel pain during their stay in an intensive care unit. Pain recognition and assessment is the first step towards effective pain management. TheBPS,CPOTandNVPSare the most valid and reliable pain assessment instruments developed to objectively assess pain in sedated intensive care patients.MethodThe translation and cultural adaptation of the instruments were done according to the guidelines of theInternationalSociety forPharmacoeconomics andOutcomes (ISPOR). The process included 10 phases aiming to produce semantically correctFinnish versions of the pain assessment instruments. This translation process was chosen due to its rigorousness and systematic approach.ResultsThe 10‐step translation and cultural validation process were successfully conducted, although it was complex and time‐consuming. The resultingFinnish versions of the three pain assessment instruments showed good evidence of content and conceptual equivalence. Although further work is needed to test these instruments in theFinnish intensive care context, the currentFinnish versions are potential instruments for clinicians to use.ConclusionDeciding when this high‐quality process is needed requires thorough consideration. However, it is worthwhile to use it when implementing new instruments at a national level. We need a valid, reliable and feasible instrument for pain assessment in sedated intensive care patients inFinland. The next step in our process is conducting psychometric testing of these three instruments to choose the tool with the best properties to be implemented in clinical practice.
Cryopreserved stem cell products containing dimethyl sulfoxide lead to activation of the coagulation system without any impact on engraftment
Authors: Holbro Andreas , Graf Lukas , Topalidou Maria , Bucher Christoph , Passweg Jakob R. , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is extensively used as a cryoprotectant in stem cell preservation. Little is known on direct hemostatic changes in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), immediately after DMSO administration. The objectives of the current study were to measure hemostatic changes during HSCT.Study Design and MethodsIn this prospective analysis, changes in plasma biomarkers, platelets (PLTs), or endothelial cells (D‐dimers, thrombin–antithrombin complex [TAT], microparticle activity as thrombin‐generation potential [MPA], whole blood aggregation, von Willebrand factor) were measured before and immediately after HSCT. Furthermore, associations with clinical complications were recorded.ResultsA total of 54 patients were included in the study. Mean MPA and TAT increased significantly immediately after HSCT, returning to baseline the day after the procedure (p < 0.01). No significant differences in engraftment for neutrophils and PLTs were found in patients presenting a high increase of TAT or MPA compared with those presenting with a smaller increase. Patients with a high increase in TAT and MPA had received a greater number of total mononucleated cells (p < 0.001) and higher transplant volumes (p = 0.002).ConclusionsInfusion of stem cells containing DMSO reversibly activated coagulation, measured as thrombin generation. This finding was not associated with acute adverse events and did not influence engraftment. Further studies are needed to compare variable DMSO concentrations as well as DMSO‐free products, to better address the influence of DMSO on hemostasis.