bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent development of temperature‐responsive cell culture surface using poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Tang Zhonglan , Akiyama Yoshikatsu , Okano Teruo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm), which is a well‐known temperature‐responsive polymer, is modified on substrates by various methods. At 37 °C, PIPAAm modified surface is hydrophobic and allows cells to adhere to and proliferate on the surface. By reducing temperature below the lower critical solution temperature of PIPAAm, the surface turns to hydrophilic and allows cells to detach themselves from the surface spontaneously. With this technology, cell sheet engineering is established several years ago. This review focuses on the preparations and characteristics of PIPAAm‐modified surfaces, and discusses the effect of surface properties on cell adhesion and deadhesion. In addition, the recent improvement of PIPAAm‐modified surfaces for cell culture and the clinical applications of cell sheets harvested from the surfaces are also mentioned. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 917–926
Effect of matrix bidispersity on the morphology of polymer‐grafted nanoparticle‐filled polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Martin Tyler B. , Jayaraman Arthi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTWe present a simulation study showing the effect of bidispersity in matrix homopolymer length on the wetting/dewetting of homopolymer‐grafted nanoparticles and the morphology of polymer nanocomposites where the graft and matrix polymer chemistries are identical. In a bidisperse matrix with equal number of short and long chains and average matrix length greater than the monodisperse graft length, the densely grafted polymer layer is preferentially wet by the short chains and relatively dewet by the long chains. This is driven by a larger gain in entropy of mixing between graft and matrix for short matrix chains than long matrix chains. Despite the preferential wetting of the short and dewetting of long chains, matrix length bidispersity does not significantly change the overall wetting of the grafted layer. Unlike graft length bidispersity that significantly improves particle dispersion, matrix length bidispersity slightly increases particle aggregation in the polymer matrix. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1661–1668
The structural and functional signatures of proteins that undergo multiple events of post‐translational modification
Authors: Pejaver Vikas , Hsu Wei‐Lun , Xin Fuxiao , Dunker A. Keith , Uversky Vladimir N. , Radivojac Predrag 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe structural, functional, and mechanistic characterization of several types of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) is well‐documented. PTMs, however, may interact or interfere with one another when regulating protein function. Yet, characterization of the structural and functional signatures of their crosstalk has been hindered by the scarcity of data. To this end, we developed a unified sequence‐based predictor of 23 types of PTM sites that, we believe, is a useful tool in guiding biological experiments and data interpretation. We then used experimentally determined and predicted PTM sites to investigate two particular cases of potential PTM crosstalk in eukaryotes. First, we identified proteins statistically enriched in multiple types of PTM sites and found that they show preferences toward intrinsically disordered regions as well as functional roles in transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and developmental processes. Second, we observed that target sites modified by more than one type of PTM, referred to as shared PTM sites, show even stronger preferences toward disordered regions than their single‐PTM counterparts; we explain this by the need for these regions to accommodate multiple partners. Finally, we investigated the influence of single and shared PTMs on differential regulation of protein–protein interactions. We provide evidence that molecular recognition features (MoRFs) show significant preferences for PTM sites, particularly shared PTM sites, implicating PTMs in the modulation of this specific type of macromolecular recognition. We conclude that intrinsic disorder is a strong structural prerequisite for complex PTM‐based regulation, particularly in context‐dependent protein–protein interactions related to transcriptional and developmental processes. Availability: www.modpred.org
Impact of Bacillus amyloliquefaciensS13‐3 on control of bacterial wilt and powdery mildew in tomato
Authors: Yamamoto Shoko , Shiraishi Soma , Kawagoe Yumi , Mochizuki Mai , Suzuki Shunji 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiological control is a non‐hazardous technique to control plant diseases. Researchers have explored microorganisms that show high plant‐disease control efficiency for use as biological control agents.RESULTSA single soil application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S13‐3 suppressed tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, a soilborne bacterial pathogen, through production of antibiotics augmented possibly by induction of systemic acquired resistance. Soil application also controlled tomato powdery mildew disease through induction of systemic acquired resistance.CONCLUSIONS13‐3 showing bifunctional activity with a single application to soil may be an innovative biological control agent against bacterial wilt and powdery mildew in tomato. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification and estimation of survivor average causal effects
Authors: Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn longitudinal studies, outcomes ascertained at follow‐up are typically undefined for individuals who die prior to the follow‐up visit. In such settings, outcomes are said to be truncated by death and inference about the effects of a point treatment or exposure, restricted to individuals alive at the follow‐up visit, could be biased even if as in experimental studies, treatment assignment were randomized. To account for truncation by death, the survivor average causal effect (SACE) defines the effect of treatment on the outcome for the subset of individuals who would have survived regardless of exposure status. In this paper, the author nonparametrically identifies SACE by leveraging post‐exposure longitudinal correlates of survival and outcome that may also mediate the exposure effects on survival and outcome. Nonparametric identification is achieved by supposing that the longitudinal data arise from a certain nonparametric structural equations model and by making the monotonicity assumption that the effect of exposure on survival agrees in its direction across individuals. A novel weighted analysis involving a consistent estimate of the survival process is shown to produce consistent estimates of SACE. A data illustration is given, and the methods are extended to the context of time‐varying exposures. We discuss a sensitivity analysis framework that relaxes assumptions about independent errors in the nonparametric structural equations model and may be used to assess the extent to which inference may be altered by a violation of key identifying assumptions. © 2014 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress, Cognitive Appraisal and Psychological Health: Testing Instruments for Health Professionals
Authors: Gomes A. Rui , Teixeira Pedro M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe job of health professionals, including nurses, is considered inherently stressful, and thus, it is important to improve and develop specific measures that are sensitive to the demands that health professionals face. This study analysed the psychometric properties of three instruments that focus on the professional experiences of nurses in aspects related to occupational stress, cognitive appraisal and mental health issues. The evaluation protocol included the Stress Questionnaire for Health Professionals (SQHP), the Cognitive Appraisal Scale (CAS) and the General Health Questionnaire‐12 (GHQ‐12). Validity and reliability issues were considered with statistical analysis (i.e. confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity and composite reliability) that revealed adequate values for all of the instruments, namely a six‐factor structure for the SQHP, a five‐factor structure for the CAS and a two‐factor structure for the GHQ‐12. In conclusion, this study proposes three consistent instruments that may be useful for analysing nurses' adaptation to work contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic testing of GUI‐based applications
Authors: Mariani Leonardo , Pezzè Mauro , Riganelli Oliviero , Santoro Mauro 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYTesting GUI‐based applications is hard and time consuming because it requires exploring a potentially huge execution space by interacting with the graphical interface of the applications. Manual testing can cover only a small subset of the functionality provided by applications with complex interfaces, and thus, automatic techniques are necessary to extensively validate GUI‐based systems. This paper presents AutoBlackTest, a technique to automatically generate test cases at the system level. AutoBlackTest uses reinforcement learning, in particular Q‐learning, to learn how to interact with the application under test and stimulate its functionalities. When used to complement the activity of test designers, AutoBlackTest reuses the information in the available test suites to increase its effectiveness. The empirical results show that AutoBlackTest can sample better than state of the art techniques the behaviour of the application under test and can reveal previously unknown problems by working at the system level and interacting only through the graphical user interface. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the Oxidative Stability of Krill Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Shen Zhiping , Bhail Sukhdeep , Sanguansri Luz , Augustin Mary Ann 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA positively charged protein (fish gelatin) or a negatively charged protein species (heat‐treated milk protein–carbohydrate mixture) was added to a primary krill oil (KO) emulsion stabilized by the phospholipids inherent in KO, with the aim of improving the oxidative stability of KO‐in‐water emulsions at pH 8.0 (10 % KO). The positively charged fish gelatin deposited on the primary interface of the oil droplets in the primary KO‐in‐water emulsion improved the oxidative stability of the KO‐in‐water emulsion as evidenced by the higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) remaining and lower propanal produced after accelerated oxidation (40 °C, 25 days). The addition of the negatively charged heat‐treated milk protein–carbohydrate mixture containing Maillard reaction products (MRP) to the bulk phase of the emulsion also enhanced the oxidative stability of the KO‐in‐water emulsion. The addition of MRP to the aqueous phase of phospholipids stabilized emulsion droplets offered more protection to EPA and DHA of the KO emulsions compared to the formation of an additional layer at the interface of the KO emulsion droplet. This suggests that interventions based on addition of antioxidant species to the formulation were more effective for arresting oxidation than increasing the thickness of the droplet interface. The addition of proteins into KO containing emulsion formulations is a promising strategy for protecting omega‐3 marine phospholipids against oxidation.
The relationship between female genital cutting and women's autonomy in Eritrea
Authors: Besera Ghenet , Roess Amira 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between women's autonomy and attitudes toward female genital cutting (FGC) and having a daughter with FGC in Eritrea.MethodsData from a nationally representative sample of 8754 women aged between 15 and 49 years from the 2002 Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of the practice of and attitudes toward FGC, including women's autonomy.ResultsSixty‐three percent (n = 3168) of women sampled had at least one daughter who had undergone FGC and 50.1% (n = 4848) of women believed FGC should continue. When controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, the odds of supporting the continuation of FGC were greater among women who justified wife beating (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–1.66). Among women who participated in household decisions, the odds of them supporting the continuation of FGC were less than among women who did not participate in household decisions (aOR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75–0.99).ConclusionInterventions addressing women's autonomy, specifically attitudes toward gender norms and increasing women's involvement in household decisions that carry a greater responsibility, may be a useful approach to reduce the support for and practice of FGC.
A four‐year survey on unexpected pregnancy diagnoses in a large urban emergency department in Parma, Italy
Authors: Cervellin Gianfranco , Comelli Ivan , Sartori Elisabetta , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the rate of unexpected pregnancy diagnoses in the emergency department of the Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.MethodsData for all patients with a positive β‐human chorionic gonadotropin test between October 2008 and September 2012 were retrieved from the hospital records. Information on age, gender, country of birth, and reason for presenting to the emergency department was collected.ResultsDuring the study period, 160 151 visits of female patients were recorded, including 385 (0.2%) women who received a diagnosis of pregnancy; 97 (25.2%) were native Italians and 288 (74.8%) were foreign‐born. The percentage of women presenting for trauma did not differ between the two groups, whereas the rate of admission to the obstetrics and gynecology department was higher among natives (20.6% vs 9.0%; P = 0.002). Africans represented 66.0% (n = 190) of the women with an unexpected pregnancy diagnosis. Nigerians accounted for 20.8% (n = 60) of all foreign‐born women with a pregnancy diagnosis, although they represented less than 2% of the entire immigrant population.ConclusionUnexpected pregnancy is a problem in the province of Parma, most notably among women from Sub‐Saharan Africa. Efforts should be strengthened to provide more fragile groups with easily available family planning information.
Pelvic packing with vaginal traction for the management of intractable hemorrhage
Authors: Naranjo‐Gutiérrez Leonardo A. , Oliva‐Cristerna Joaquín , Ramírez‐Montiel Martha L. , Ortiz Mario I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo present clinical cases examining the effectiveness and safety of pelvic packing with vaginal traction for inhibiting obstetric hemorrhage among women receiving treatment at a public obstetrics and gynecology tertiary care hospital in Mexico.MethodsIn a retrospective observational descriptive study, eight cases of obstetric hemorrhage treated by pelvic packing with vaginal traction between January 2012 and December 2013 at Hospital de la Mujer, Mexico City, Mexico, were reviewed.ResultsThe mean patient age was 28.8 ± 6.8 years. The average blood loss was 4535 ± 897 mL. Uterine atony was the cause of bleeding among six patients: histopathologic examination revealed two cases of placenta accreta, one case of placenta percreta, two cases of uteroplacental apoplexy, and one case of myomatosis. For two patients, placental separation was difficult and required surgical management. The packing technique was effective for all patients. No patients presented with infection or required re‐operation for bleeding management. No deaths occurred.ConclusionFor management of bleeding among patients with underlying coagulation disorders, pelvic packing can be useful when standard techniques such as hysterectomy, tubal hypogastric ligation, and/or pharmacologic therapy are unsuccessful.
The impact of mortality salience on the relative effectiveness of donation appeals
Authors: Cai Fengyan , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSome donation appeals emphasize the magnitude of the help that is needed. Other, “bandwagon” appeals emphasize the fact that many others have already donated. The relative effectiveness of these appeals can depend on individuals' awareness of their mortality. Four experiments converge on the conclusion that need‐focused appeals are effective when individuals are not conscious of their own mortality. When people's mortality is salient, however, bandwagon appeals have relatively greater influence. This is particularly true when others' donations have put the goal of the donation campaign within reach. These effects are evident when people have little a priori interest in the individuals being helped and sympathy does not play a major role in donation decisions.
Cross-sector partnership and human services in Australian states and territories: Reflections on a mutable relationship
Authors: Butcher John , Dalton Bronwen 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Under Australia's federal system subnational governments fund the delivery of a wide range of public services. In particular, state and territory governments have increasingly looked to the non-profit sector to deliver human services under contract. Over time, the contracting regimes employed by public sector commissioners have taken on more ‘relational’ characteristics, accompanied by a gradual softening of public sector resistance to non-profit sector input into policy development. Nevertheless, the Australian non-profit sector is fragmented and, although policy capacity within the sector has undoubtedly matured, it is also unevenly distributed. Almost two decades of contracting has left its mark on organisational culture. There are fears within the non-profit sector that it is organisations with the largest ‘market share’ that gain a seat at the policy table.
Doppler Detection in Ama Divers of Japan
Authors: Lemaître Frédéric , Kohshi Kiyotaka , Tamaki Hideki , Nakayasu Kasuo , Harada Mesanori , Okayama Masanobu , Satou Yuka , Hoshiko Michiko , Ishitake Tatsuya , Costalat Guillaume , Gardette Bernard 
Published: May 2014

Objective Symptoms consistent with neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in commercial breath-hold (Ama) divers has been reported from a few districts of Japan. The aim of this study was to detect circulating intravascular bubbles after repetitive breath-hold diving in a local area where DCS has been reported in Ama divers. Methods The participants were 12 partially assisted (descent using weights) male Ama divers. The equipment (AQUALAB system) consisted of continuous-wave Doppler with a 5-MHz frequency, and the Doppler probe was placed in the precordial site with the ultrasonic wave directed into the pulmonary infundibulum. We carried out continuous monitoring for 10 minutes at the end of the series of repetitive dives, and the recordings were made on numerical tracks and graded in a blind manner by 2 experienced investigators, according to the Spencer Doppler code. Results Depths and number of dives were 8 to 20 m and 75 to 131 times. Mean diving duration and surface interval were 64 ± 12 seconds and 48 ± 8 seconds, respectively (mean ± SD). We detected the lowest grade of intravascular bubbles (Spencer’s grade I) in an Ama diver whose mean surface interval was only 35.2 ± 6.2 seconds. His mean descending, bottom, and ascending times were 10.4 ± 1.6 seconds, 39.2 ± 8 seconds, and 18.2 ± 3.0 seconds, respectively, over the course of 99 dives. Conclusions Intravascular bubbles may be formed after repetitive breath-hold dives with short surface intervals or after a long breath-holding session in Ama divers. Symptoms consistent with neurological accidents in repetitive breath-hold diving may be caused in part by the intravascular presence of bubbles, indicating the need for safety procedures.
ON NONINNER 2-AUTOMORPHISMS OF FINITE 2-GROUPS
Authors: ABDOLLAHI ALIREZA , GHORAISHI S. MOHSEN 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLet $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}G$ be a finite 2-group. If $G$ is of coclass 2 or $(G,Z(G))$ is a Camina pair, then $G$ admits a noninner automorphism of order 2 or 4 leaving the Frattini subgroup elementwise fixed.
The comprehensive transcriptional analysis inCaenorhabditis elegansby integrating ChIP-seq and gene expression data
Authors: HE KAN , SHAO JIAOFANG , ZHAO ZHONGYING , LIU DAHAI 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe fundamental step of learning transcriptional regulation mechanism is to identify the target genes regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Despite numerous target genes identified by chromatin immunopre-cipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing technology (ChIP-seq) assays, it is not possible to infer function from binding alonein vivo. This is equally true in one of the best model systems, the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans), where regulation often occurs through diverse TF binding features of transcriptional networks identified in modENCODE. Here, we integrated ten ChIP-seq datasets with genome-wide expression data derived from tiling arrays, involved in six TFs (HLH-1, ELT-3, PQM-1, SKN-1, CEH-14 and LIN-11) with tissue-specific and four TFs (CEH-30, LIN-13, LIN-15B and MEP-1) with broad expression patterns. In common, TF bindings within 3 kb upstream of or within its target gene for these ten studies showed significantly elevated level of expression as opposed to that of non-target controls, indicated that these sites may be more likely to be functional through up-regulating its target genes. Intriguingly, expression of the target genes out of 5 kb upstream of their transcription start site also showed high levels, which was consistent with the results of following network component analysis. Our study has identified similar transcriptional regulation mechanisms of tissue-specific or broad expression TFs inC. elegansusing ChIP-seq and gene expression data. It may also provide a novel insight into the mechanism of transcriptional regulation not only for simple organisms but also for more complex species.
CREOLE NATIONALISTS AND THE SEARCH FOR NATIVIST AUTHENTICITY IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY ZANZIBAR: THE LIMITS OF COSMOPOLITANISM
Authors: Glassman Jonathon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe founders of the Zanzibar National Party can be understood as creole nationalists, who imagined their political authority as stemming from membership in a transnational Arab elite. But in the mid-twentieth century, prompted by the rising hegemony of territorial nationalism and by subaltern challenges informed by pan-Africanism, they crafted a new historical narrative that depicted their movement as having originated with indigenous villagers. Party leaders then related this narrative to Western scholars, whose publications helped reproduce the myth throughout the rest of the century. This article traces the genesis of this masquerade and asks what it implies about the nature of the creole metaphor and its supposed link to discourses of cosmopolitan hybridity. The conventional contrast betweencréolitéand nativist essentialism is shown to be illusory.
REIMAGINING THE AFRICAN-ATLANTIC ARCHIVE: METHOD, CONCEPT, EPISTEMOLOGY, ONTOLOGY
Authors: Sweet James H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFor many scholars, the history of Africans in the Atlantic world only becomes visible at the juncture of the history of ‘the slave’. However, the sources upon which most of these studies are based, and the organization of the colonial archive more generally operate as something of a trap, inviting researchers to see how African slaves embraced or manipulated colonial institutions and ideas for their own purposes. This article focuses on methodological and conceptual meta questions that challenge how historians conduct African-Atlantic history, arguing that sources of the African past exist in the Americas, if only we are open to seeing them.