bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Three‐Dimensional Printed Templates for Guided Implant Placement Based on Matching a Surface Scan with CBCT
Authors: Kernen Florian , Benic Goran I. , Payer Michael , Schär Alex , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena , Filippi Andreas , Kühl Sebastian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundReference elements are necessary to transfer a virtual planning into reality for guided implant placement. New systems allow matching optical scans with three‐dimensional radiographic images.PurposeTo test whether digitally designed three‐dimensional printed templates (D‐temp) fabricated by matching surface scans and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images differ from the templates fabricated in‐lab (L‐temp) by using a physical transfer device for the positioning of the guiding sleeves.Materials and MethodsL‐temp were fabricated for eight human lower cadaver‐jaws applying a digital planning software program (smop, Swissmeda AG, Zürich, Switzerland) using a Lego® (Lego Group, KIRKBI A/S, Billund, Denmark) brick as reference element and the respective transfer device (X1‐table). Additionally, digital templates (D‐temp) using the identical planning data sets and software were virtually designed and three‐dimensional printed, after matching a surface scan with CBCT data. The accuracy of both templates for each planning was evaluated determining the estimated coronal, apical, and angular deviation if templates were used for implant placement.ResultsMean coronal deviations for L‐temp were 0.31 mm (mesial/distal), 0.32 mm (lingual/buccal), and 0.16 mm and 0.23 mm for D‐temp, respectively. The mean apical deviations for L‐temp were 0.50 mm (mesial/distal), 0.50 mm (lingual/buccal). and 0.25 mm and 0.34 mm for the D‐temp, respectively. Differences between both devices were statistically significant (p < .05).ConclusionsA higher accuracy of implant placement can be achieved by using three‐dimensional printed templates produced by matching a surface scan and CBCT as compared with templates which use physical elements transferring the virtual planning into reality.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of Sydenham's chorea: a systematic review
Authors: Punukollu Mallika , Mushet Nadine , Linney Marisa , Hennessy Colm , Morton Michael 
Published: April 2015

AimSydenham's chorea is a post‐streptococcal, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric movement disorder. Sydenham's chorea is a major criterion for diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever with the implication of potential long‐term sequelae including cardiac complications. It is well established that there is psychiatric comorbidity in Sydenham's chorea, but there are variations in the literature regarding the nature and prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses associated with Sydenham's chorea. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the evidence for psychiatric symptoms presenting with Sydenham's chorea. Knowledge of comorbid psychiatric symptomatology will support early diagnosis and treatment, leading to improved long‐term outcomes for children with Sydenham's chorea.MethodThe study used a systematic search strategy, using MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Abstracts were screened to identify relevant papers which were then assessed further. Eligible papers were summarized.ResultsA total of 1429 abstracts of relevant studies were found, and 49 papers reporting neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sydenham's chorea were summarized. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder was the most commonly studied, and hence reported, neuropsychiatric symptom in children with Sydenham's chorea. The studies analysed used a variety of tools to identify affected children and used different methods for analysing results. Attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder, affective disorders, tic disorders, executive function disturbances, and psychotic features were also reported as comorbidities.InterpretationThere is good evidence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in Sydenham's chorea. In countries with a high prevalence of rheumatic fever, the early recognition of salient cognitive and psychiatric symptoms may aid in the management of Sydenham's chorea.
Migration and employment interactions in a crisis context
Authors: David Anda M. , Marouani Mohamed Ali 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article analyses how a crisis impacts labour markets in origin countries through migration channels. For this purpose, we develop a novel dynamic general equilibrium model with a focus on the interlinkages between migration, the labour market and education. The main innovation of the paper is the retrospective modelling in general equilibrium of the impact of an economic crisis to isolate the impact of migration on local unemployment. The impact of the crisis on education decision is captured through endogenous returns to education. The simultaneity of the crisis in Tunisia and its partners worsened the labour market situation mainly through the increase in labour supply. The main result of this study is that migration is indeed one of the main determinants of the unemployment increase and that remittances have a higher impact than the variation of emigration flows. The low skilled bear the highest costs in terms of unemployment and wage decline.
Negative priming of native soil organic carbon mineralization by oilseed biochars of contrasting quality
Authors: Rittl T. F. , Novotny E. H. , Balieiro F. C. , Hoffland E. , Alves B. J. R. , Kuyper T. W. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryOilseed‐derived biochar, a by‐product of pyrolysis for biodiesel production, is richer in aliphatic compounds than the commonly studied wood‐derived biochar, affecting both its mineralization in soil and its interaction with native soil organic carbon (nSOC). Here, we investigated the soil C sequestration potential of three different oilseed biochars derived from C3 plant material: soyabean, castor bean and jatropha cake. The chemical composition of these biochars was determined by elemental analysis (CHN) and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The cumulative CO2 efflux from 30‐day laboratory incubations of biochar mixed with a sandy soil containing nSOC from C4 plants was measured as a proxy for mineralization rate. The relative contribution of each source to CO2 production was calculated based on the 13C‐signatures of total CO2 efflux and the source materials (soil and biochars). Our results showed that: (i) castor bean biochar contained relatively large amounts of aliphatic compounds, resulting in a greater mineralization rate than soyabean and jatropha biochars; (ii) CO2 efflux from the soil‐biochar mixtures originated mostly from the biochars, suggesting that these biochars contain rapidly decomposable compounds; and (iii) all three oilseed biochars decelerated nSOC mineralization. This negative priming effect appeared to be caused by different factors. We conclude that oilseed biochars have the potential to increase soil C stocks directly and increase soil C sequestration indirectly in the short term through negative priming of nSOC mineralization.
Wolf teeth and their extraction
Authors: Hole S. L. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe equine first premolar or ‘wolf tooth’ (Triadan 05) is a normal vestigial tooth, which is often absent, but when present most commonly lies rostral to the second maxillary premolar (Triadan 06). The routine extraction of wolf teeth has been performed historically and is contentious, but clinically indicated in some instances. This review article aims to summarise concisely the limited peer reviewed literature on wolf teeth and to describe the practice of their extraction. Extraction is usually performed in the standing sedated horse, and complications are avoided with good surgical planning, analgesia and instrumentation.
Thoracotomy for repair of a large dorsal diaphragmatic hernia in an 18‐year‐old mare
Authors: Shnaiderman‐Torban A. , Epstein A. , Kelmer G. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old Arabian‐mix mare was presented with a history of severe colic. Emergency exploratory celiotomy revealed diaphragmatic hernia, with a large rent in the left dorsal aspect of the diaphragm and large colon volvulus. Attempts to close the defect in the diaphragm in dorsal recumbency were unsuccessful. Therefore, a thoracic approach through lateral thoracotomy was elected, and a mesh was attached to the diaphragm using skin staples. While in dorsal recumbency, the mare suffered from significant respiratory acidosis. Thus, the mare was tilted into reverse Trendelenburg (30° head upward) and ventilation improved markedly. The mare recovered uneventfully, and was doing well 5 years after surgery.
The effect of hemodialysis session on postural strategies in older end‐stage renal disease patients
Authors: Magnard Justine , Lardy Julien , Testa Angelo , Hristea Dan , Deschamps Thibault 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPatients suffering from end‐stage renal disease experience multiple disabilities, such as muscle wasting, weakness, higher postural sway, and fall rates compared with healthy population, which has a negative effect on physical functioning and autonomy. The vital treatment of hemodialysis is recognized to induce important post‐hemodialysis fatigue, hypotension, cramps, and headache due to the rapid fluid redistribution, among others. Nevertheless, even the well‐known negative effect of aforementioned consequences of hemodialysis treatment, its effect on physical function, especially postural balance, is unclear. Thus, this study hypothesized the adverse effect of hemodialysis treatment on postural sway in 12 end‐stage renal disease patients (mean age 63.3 ± 11 years) through the analysis of center‐of‐pressure (COP) trajectories recorded before and immediately after hemodialysis session. Evident postural alterations were observed at post‐hemodialysis balance assessment for COP position‐based (Fs < 7.7, P < 0.02) and COP velocity‐based variables (Fs > 2.33, P < 0.05), without changes in complexity of COP time series in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. These results suggest that period after hemodialysis treatment is particularly unsafe, as evidenced by important disability in postural control, and highlight the importance of the medical support and falls‐related prevention strategies of these older frail patients after hemodialysis treatment.
Clinical and histological features of idiosyncratic liver injury: Dilemma in diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Kuzu Ufuk Bariş , Öztaş Erkin , Turhan Nesrin , Saygili Fatih , Suna Nuretdin , Yildiz Hakan , Kaplan Mustafa , Akpinar Muhammet Yener , Akdoğan Meral , Kaçar Sabite , Kiliç Zeki Mesut Yalin , Köksal Aydin Şeref , Ödemiş Bülent , Kayaçetin Ertuğrul 
Published: April 2015

AimDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is becoming a worldwide problem with its still unexplained properties.MethodsThe data of patients who were diagnosed with DILI between January 2008 and December 2013 were assessed.ResultsFive patients had been diagnosed with intrinsic and 82 patients with idiosyncratic DILI. The most common causative agents were antimicrobial drugs. The most common injury pattern was hepatocellular. When patients with bilirubin levels of more than 5 mg/dL were divided into two groups according to receiving steroid therapy (n = 11) or not (n = 40), there was not any significant difference according to their clinical results (P > 0.05). Five of the idiosyncratic DILI patients were diagnosed with drug‐induced autoimmune hepatitis (DI‐AIH). In histopathological examination, hepatic rosette formation and emperipolesis were observed to be more common among patients with DI‐AIH when compared with ones without (P < 0.05). Interestingly, in the remaining patients with DILI (n = 77), three of them were diagnosed with classic autoimmune hepatitis during long‐term follow up (range, 11–51 months).ConclusionThe most common causes were antimicrobials, but any agents that have not been defined to cause DILI can induce DILI. The efficacy of steroids in DILI has not been observed but all deaths were observed in the steroid‐free group. The association of DILI and AIH was observed in two different types in terms of diagnosis in our study. The first association was DI‐AIH. The second one is the classical AIH which developed in three patients after a few months following spontaneous recovery of DILI.
THE PROSTATIC NODULE: A CHALLENGE AND A PROBLEM*
Authors: Melicow Meyer M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCancer of the prostate begins as a microscopic lesion without signs or symptoms—carcinoma “in situ.” It can be an incidental finding at prostatectomy or at autopsy. The terms “latent,” “occult,” “incipient” and “early cancer” of the prostate are also evaluated.As the prostatic neoplasm grows, a desmoplastic reaction follows and the accumulation of malignant cells and connective‐tissue elements unite to form a palpable hard nodule. There are still no subjective symptoms unless benign prostatic hypertrophy is also present. Though this palpable nodule (about 1 cm in diameter) is the earliest detectable evidence of cancer, it already contains millions of cells. Fortunately, invasion through the capsule into neighboring tissue and/or metastasis has not necessarily occurred, and in some cases ablative treatment still can be successful. At this stage of the disease, the challenge is to detect the nodule. For this reason it is important that every male over 40 have a periodic digital rectal examination, performed carefully and gently. Prostatic lesions other than cancer can produce a hard nodule. For definitive diagnosis and documentation, a perineal prostatic biopsy is necessary. If the biopsy results are positive, malignancy is proved, but if the biopsy results are negative, malignancy is not ruled out since significant tissue areas may have been missed. Anaplasia may suggest extension but does not ensure that this has taken place. Perineural invasion often occurs, without spread. The pathological findings must be correlated with the results of digital rectal examination, radiography, and determinations of the serum acid phosphatase level. There are two stages of prostatic cancer in which the serum acid phosphatase level may not be elevated: 1) the early stage—carcinoma “in situ” or the small localized nodule—and 2) the late stage when the cells are anaplastic and no longer functioning. Otherwise the level is high.Objectives in therapy are: 1) removal of the cancer (radical prostatectomy), but only if the patient's physical condition permits, and 2) palliation by decreasing the endogenous adrogen level (bilateral orchiectomy) and/or increasing the estrogen level (orally or by injections). Although prostatic cancer is hormonally dependent in the early stages, there is a tendency toward autonomy. What to do for the hormonally independent cancer is the problem.
MEDICAL CARE IN SOME ILLINOIS NURSING HOMES: FIVE‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP, 1961–1966*
Authors: Kramer Charles H. , Kramer Daniel R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 1961‐versus‐1966 comparison was made of conditions in some Illinois nursing homes with regard to improvement (or otherwise) in the quantity and quality of medical care provided by attending physicians and medical advisors. The surveys were conducted by means of questionnaires given to the administrators of the nursing homes—66 administrators in 1961 and 52 others in 1966. The results were analyzed statistically.Despite all the recent publicity about the inadequate care of the aged in nursing homes, there was little objective evidence of improvement in the quantity or quality of medical care and services provided between 1961 and 1966 in this sample of Illinois nursing homes. On the contrary, there was a trend toward less satisfactory relationships between physicians and the nursing homes they serve.These data point up serious problems for physicians, administrators, public health officials and others responsible for the medical care in nursing homes.
ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF GOUT—MODERN CONCEPTS
Authors: Riccitelli M. L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGout, one of the oldest recorded syndromes in medical history, is still a biochemical mystery. Primary gout is characterized by a derangement in purine metabolism and an elevated concentration of uric acid in the blood. Gout may also occur secondarily in diseases associated with reduced urinary excretion of uric acid or increased nuclear breakdown in body tissues. The metabolic abnormality in primary gout is probably an inherited trait, though this has not been proved.The differential diagnosis of any swollen painful joint should always include gout. The most important diagnostic signs of gout are sudden periodic attacks of acute arthritis, an elevated level of serum uric acid, relief of pain by a therapeutic trial of colchicine and, later in the course of the disease, the presence of tophi around the joints or urate crystals in the synovial fluid. Renal damage is one of the major complications of chronic tophaceous gout and a frequent cause of death. Proteinuria is often the only manifestation of early renal involvement.Treatment is discussed from the standpoints of diet, drug therapy, use of the artificial kidney, and the surgical excision of tophi. Described under drug therapy are the effects of colchicine (still the drug of choice for acute attacks), phenylbutazone, ACTH, corticosteroids, indomethacin, allopurinol, and the uricosuric agents (probenecid, salicylates and sulfinpyrazone).
RHEUMATOLOGY AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: PALMER WALTER L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Several associations of mesenchymal disease with gastrointestinal disease are discussed, e.g., scleroderma and its alimentary manifestations, erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum as complications of chronic ulcerative colitis, and the relationship between arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Most of the article is concerned with the relationship between peptic ulcer and arthritis, and the drugs used in therapy. Several reports in the literature are cited. A principal finding is that patients with rheumatoid disease are particularly prone to peptic ulcer. The pathogenesis of peptic ulcer depends upon the balance between digestive secretions and mucosal resistance in the stomach and duodenum.Several substances can be ulcerogenic, e.g., gastrin, histamine, aspirin, phenylbutazone and cinchophen. Possibly ulcerogenic are (large doses) testosterone and corticosteroids. Since corticosteroids are among the most beneficial drugs for the treatment of some mesenchymal diseases and ulcerative colitis, this point is an important one. We should not conclude that a disease is drug‐induced just because it follows administration of the drug. This is particularly applicable to peptic ulcer, which seems to occur secondarily or in association with a large variety of disorders.
FIBROSITIS
Authors: TRAUT EUGENE F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Fibrositis—muscular or nonarticular rheumatism—is a controversial diagnosis; nevertheless it represents a real entity, whether primary or secondary. The outstanding symptoms are pain and stiffness. Objective findings are “trigger areas” and indurations. The most common sites are the soft tissues of the neck, shoulder, elbow, carpal tunnel, palms (Dupuytren's contracture) and low back, but sometimes the syndrome is generalized.Therapy for each type is outlined. The immediate treatment usually includes the administration of analgesics, immobilization of the affected area, and infiltration of the trigger points with procaine and adrenocortical steroids. Physical therapy (heat, massage and described exercises) is indispensable.
MEDICARE AND THE FUTURE OF HEALTH SERVICES*
Authors: Witkin Erwin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNear the second anniversary of the beginning of Medicare, the statistics are discussed from the viewpoints of costs, efficiency, shortage of personnel, incentives and changes in requirements and payment methods.Despite the changes already necessitated in the Medicare program and the many changes that are certain to be made in the future, we can all share in its current success. Medicare is operating very well and is accomplishing its objective of helping the elderly citizens of this nation to meet their health costs with dignity and self‐respect.
RENAL‐CELL CARCINOMA IN SIBLINGS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Klinger Milton E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis case report concerns the fourth recorded instance of renal‐cell carcinoma occurring in two members of the same immediate family—a sister and brother in the geriatric age group.In the sister's case, nephrectomy was performed and the patient is alive and clinically well three years later even though operation revealed extensive involvement of the hilar structures of the kidney. The brother is being managed with chemotherapy and radiation because of widespread carcinoma.
PARAMEDICAL SERVICES FOR OLDER AMERICANS*
Authors: Spear Mel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article outlines the kinds of services that can be rendered by persons other than physicians in complementing the necessary physician's services involved in meeting the objectives for older people embodied in the Older Americans Act. Clearly, if health is to be interpreted in terms of physical, emotional and social well‐being, a team approach is imperative. Every older American is entitled to quality health‐care services, including prevention and diagnosis, no matter where he is—in his own home, a home for the aged, an extended care facility, or a hospital. The role of the physician, though paramount, must be related also to the roles of a variety of other types of personnel, both nonprofessional and professional. Knowing the importance of supportive services, the physician must determine which services are needed and must also seek the people who can provide them.
FROM CUSTODIAL CARE TO INTENSIVE TREATMENT OF THE GERIATRIC PATIENT*
Authors: Korson Selig M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Mental Health Institute at Independence, Iowa, as part of a progressive State mental health program, made substantial gains in treatment of the mentally ill, with a marked reduction in the average daily census even though the admission rate had increased. Because of limited funds, however, the treatment of geriatric patients did not approach the progress made in other areas of the hospital. In 1966, with the aid of a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health, the intensive treatment of geriatric patients became a reality. The staff was strengthened in all disciplines and a fully equipped physiotherapy department was added to the geriatric unit. Whereas previously all patients over 65 were admitted to psychiatric units, under the new plan these patients were admitted directly to the geriatric unit. There they received a complete medical and psychiatric review before being assigned to one of two areas within the unit. In one area were the patients who had potential for making substantial gains with intensive psychiatric treatment (group and individual therapy, ward government, remotivation techniques, occupational therapy and other activity therapies such as music, recreation, adult education and homemaking services, as well as intensive case work by experienced social workers). In the second area were the patients who were markedly regressed and organically deteriorated; even some of these showed enough improvement to be transferred to the more intensive unit. Patients unable to benefit from intensive treatment were transferred to nursing homes. Under the new regimen, the discharge rate for geriatric patients increased from 36 per cent to 59 per cent, and the discharge rate to their homes from 28 per cent to 47 per cent. The average length of stay in the hospital was markedly reduced from 112 days to 65 days.