bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperammonemia secondary to asparaginase: A case series
Authors: Nussbaum Vicki , Lubcke Nicole , Findlay Russell 
Published: September 2014

Objective To report on hyperammonemia noted in a series of patients receiving asparaginase products at our institution. Summary of cases We present four patients who experienced symptomatic hyperammonemia after receiving either pegaspargase (three patients) or Erwinia asparaginase (one patient). Presenting symptoms included lethargy, difficulty awakening, confusion, dizziness, numbness and tingling, hallucinations, and paranoia. All patients were treated with lactulose, which led to a decrease in ammonia level and resolution of symptoms. Discussion Hyperammonemia secondary to asparaginase products has been reported in the literature. The signs and symptoms of increased ammonia should be included in consent documents and discussed with patients and their families. Monitoring of ammonia or asparagine levels may help individualize therapy with asparaginase products in the future. Conclusion Hyperammonemia can occur during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with asparaginase products. Lactulose appears to be a useful treatment strategy. Further study is warranted to determine whether dose modifications are required for pegaspargase in some patients. Whether these dose modifications would be in the dose itself or frequency of administration remains to be determined.
Improvement in in vitro fertilization outcome following in vivo synchronization of oocyte maturation in mice
Authors: Taiyeb Ahmed M , Muhsen-Alanssari Saeeda A , Dees WL , Ridha-Albarzanchi Mundhir T , Kraemer Duane C 
Published: September 2014

Synchronization of oocyte maturation in vitro has been shown to produce higher in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates than those observed in oocytes matured in vitro without synchronization. However, the increased IVF rates never exceeded those observed in oocytes matured in vivo without synchronization. This study was therefore designed to define the effect of in vivo synchronization of oocyte maturation on IVF rates. Mice were superovulated and orally treated with 7.5 mg cilostazol (CLZ), a phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) inhibitor, to induce ovulation of immature oocytes at different stages depending on frequency and time of administration of CLZ. Mice treated with CLZ ovulated germinal vesicle (GV) or metaphase I (MI) oocytes that underwent maturation in vitro or in vivo (i.e. in the oviduct) followed by IVF. Superovulated control mice ovulated mature oocytes that underwent IVF directly upon collection. Ovulated MI oocytes matured in vitro or in vivo had similar maturation rates but significantly higher IVF rates, 2–4 cell embryos, than those observed in control oocytes. Ovulated GV oocytes matured in vitro showed similar maturation rates but significantly higher IVF rates than those observed in control oocytes. However, ovulated GV oocytes matured in vivo had significantly lower IVF rates than those noted in control oocytes. It is concluded that CLZ is able to synchronize oocyte maturation and improve IVF rates in superovulated mice. CLZ may be capable of showing similar effects in humans, especially since temporal arrest of human oocyte maturation with other PDE3A inhibitors in vitro was found to improve oocyte competence level. The capability of a clinically approved PDE3A inhibitor to improve oocyte fertilization rates in mice at doses extrapolated from human therapeutic doses suggests the potential scenario of the inclusion of CLZ in superovulation programs. This may improve IVF outcomes in infertile patients.
Serum and tissue endothelin-1 are independent from intima-media thickness of peripheral arteries in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nezami Nariman , Sepehrvand Nariman , Mirchi Mohammad , Salari Behzad , Shokouhi Behrooz , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Naghavi-Behzad Mohammad , Ghorashi Sona , Mirzaie Fariba , Noshad Hamid , Zomorrodi Afshar , Gharedaghi Abasad , Babapoor-Farrokhran Savalan , Mirbagheri Saeedeh , Tarzamni Mohammad Kazem 
Published: September 2014

Aim We aimed to study the relationship of peripheral arteries’ atherosclerosis with serum and tissue endothelin-1 in chronic kidney disease patients. Methods Ninety patients were enrolled, including 35 patients with chronic kidney disease (case group), 31 patients with coronary artery diseases who were candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (positive control group), and 24 living kidney donors (negative control group). Intima-media thickness of the common carotid and femoral arteries was determined by ultrasonography. Serum and tissue endothelin-1 were measured by ELISA method. Results The mean serum and tissue endothelin-1 levels in the donor group were significantly lower than other groups ( p < 0.001 for both). The coronary artery bypass grafting group had higher carotid and femoral intima-media thickness than other groups ( p < 0.001), and the chronic kidney disease group had higher carotid and femoral intima-media thickness than the donor group ( p < 0.001). Regression analysis in all groups did not reveal any correlation between the carotid intima-media thickness/femoral intima-media thickness and the serum/tissue endothelin-1. There was a direct linear correlation between the carotid and femoral intima-media thickness ( p < 0.001) in all groups. Conclusions Endothelin-1 level and intima-media thickness were higher in the chronic kidney disease patients and coronary artery bypass grafting candidates, without any correlation between endothelin-1 and peripheral arteries’ intima-media thickness of both groups. Perhaps endothelin-1 rises and remains high upon endothelial damage and initiation of atherosclerosis.
Investigation of relation between visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat volumes and calcified aortic plaques via multislice computed tomography
Authors: Efe Duran , Aygün Fatih , Acar Türker , Yildiz Melda , Gemici Kazım 
Published: September 2014

Objective The present study investigated effect of subcutaneous fat volume and abdominal visceral fat volume on aortic atherosclerosis via multislice computed tomography. Materials and methods The present study comprised 424 subjects who underwent non-contrast-enhanced abdominal CT in our clinic between June 2012 and June 2013. Using dedicated software visceral fat volume was calculated for each individual and then subcutaneous fat volume was calculated by subtracting visceral fat volume from total fat volume. By dividing visceral fat volume/subcutaneous fat volume participants were assigned to three groups according to their mean visceral fat volume/subcutaneous fat volume: Group 1 consisted of subjects with visceral fat volume/subcutaneous fat volume lower than 0.48 (Group 1 < 0.48); Group 2 consisted of subjects with visceral fat volume/subcutaneous fat volume equal to or higher than 0.48 and lower than 0.69 (0.48 ≤ Group 2 < 0.69); and Group 3 consisted of subjects with visceral fat volume/subcutaneous fat volume equal to or higher than 0.69 (Group 3 ≥ 0.69). Results The mean abdominal aortic calcium scores according to Agatston scoring (au) were 136.8 ± 418.7 au in Group 1, 179.9 ± 463 au in Group 2 and 212.2 ± 486.9 in Group 3, respectively. Conclusions We have demonstrated a significant correlation between visceral fat volume and abdominal aorta atherosclerosis, while there was absence of significant correlation between subcutaneous fat volume and abdominal atherosclerosis.
Patients’ perspectives regarding long-term warfarin therapy and the potential transition to new oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Gebler-Hughes Elizabeth S. , Kemp Linda , Bond Malcolm J. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives: To examine patients’ perspectives regarding long-term vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy and the potential transition to new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban, and to determine if factors such as residential location affect these opinions. Design, setting and participants: Patients on VKA therapy for at least 12 weeks completed a questionnaire specifically designed for the study. They were recruited while attending point-of-care international normalized ratio (INR) testing at six South Australian general practice clinics during the period July–September 2013. Main outcome measures: Opinions of current VKA therapy, level of awareness of NOACs, and ratings of potential benefits and deterrents of transition to NOACs were sought. Results: Data from 290 participants were available for analysis (response rate 95.4%). The majority of the sample (79.5%, 229/288) were either satisfied or very satisfied with current VKA therapy. The mean score for the potential benefits of transition to NOACs was 7.6 (±4.2) out of a possible 20, which was significantly lower than the mean score 10.9 (±4.5) for the perceived deterrents to transition ( p < 0.001). Rural patients (82.0%, 82/100) were significantly more likely ( p = 0.001) to have not heard of NOACs than metropolitan patients (50.3%, 95/189) and also perceived significant less benefits in a transition to NOACs ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: When considering potential transition from VKAs to NOACs it is important for prescribers to consider that some patients, in particular those from a rural location, may not perceive a significant benefit in transitioning or may have particular concerns in this area.
HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression and comparative analyses of HMGA2, Lin28and let-7 miRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sterenczak Katharina Anna , Eckardt Andre , Kampmann Andreas , Willenbrock Saskia , Eberle Nina , Länger Florian , Kleinschmidt Sven , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Kreipe Hans , Nolte Ingo , Escobar Hugo Murua , Gellrich Nils Claudius 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Humans and dogs are affected by squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity (OSCC) in a considerably high frequency. The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein was found to be highly expressed in human OSCC and its expression was suggested to act as a useful predictive and prognostic tool in clinical management of oral carcinomas. Herein the expression of HMGA2 and its sister gene HMGA1 were analysed within human and canine OSCC samples. Additionally, the HMGA negatively regulating miRNAs of the let-7 family as well as the let-7 regulating gene Lin28 were also comparatively analysed. Deregulations of either one of these members could affect the progression of human and canine OSCC.

Methods
Expression levels of HMGA1, HMGA2, Lin28, let-7a and mir-98 were analysed via relative qPCR in primary human and canine OSCC, thereof derived cell lines and non-neoplastic samples. Additionally, comparative HMGA2 protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
In both species, a significant up-regulation of the HMGA2 gene was found within the neoplastic samples while HMGA1 expression did not show significant deregulations. Comparative analyses showed down-regulation of mir-98 in human samples and up-regulation of let-7a and mir-98 in canine neoplastic samples. HMGA2 immunostainings showed higher intensities within the invasive front of the tumours than in the centre of the tumour in both species.

Conclusions
HMGA2 could potentially serve as tumour marker in both species while HMGA1 might play a minor role in OSCC progression. Comparative studies indicate an inverse correlation of HMGA2 and mir-98 expression in human samples whereas in dogs no such characteristic could be found.
Sustained Pain-Related Depression of Behavior: Effects of Intraplantar Formalin and Complete Freund's Adjuvant on Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS) and Endogenous kappa Opioid Biomarkers in Rats
Authors: Leitl Michael D , Potter David N , Cheng Kejun , Rice Kenner C , Carlezon William A , Negus S Stevens 
Published: September 2014

Background: Intraplantar administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and formalin are two noxious stimuli commonly used to produce sustained pain-related behaviors in rodents for research on neurobiology and treatment of pain. One clinically relevant manifestation of pain is depression of behavior and mood. This study compared effects of intraplantar CFA and formalin on depression of positively reinforced operant behavior in an assay of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rats. Effects of CFA and formalin on other physiological and behavioral measures, and opioid effects on formalin-induced depression of ICSS, were also examined. Results: There were four main findings. First, consistent with previous studies, both CFA and formalin produced similar paw swelling and mechanical hypersensitivity. Second, CFA produced weak and transient depression of ICSS, whereas formalin produced a more robust and sustained depression of ICSS that lasted at least 14 days. Third, formalin-induced depression of ICSS was reversed by morphine doses that did not significantly alter ICSS in saline-treated rats, suggesting that formalin effects on ICSS can be interpreted as an example of pain-related and analgesic-reversible depression of behavior. Finally, formalin-induced depression of ICSS was not associated with changes in central biomarkers for activation of endogenous kappa opioid systems, which have been implicated in depressive-like states in rodents, nor was it blocked by the kappa antagonist norbinaltorphimine. Conclusions: These results suggest differential efficacy of sustained pain stimuli to depress brain reward function in rats as assessed with ICSS. Formalin-induced depression of ICSS does not appear to engage brain kappa opioid systems.
Risks to emergency medical responders at terrorist incidents: a narrative review of the medical literature
Authors: Thompson Julian , Rehn Marius , Lossius Hans Morten , Lockey David 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAs the threat of international terrorism rises, there is an increasing requirement to provide evidence-based information and training for the emergency personnel who will respond to terrorist incidents. Current major incident training advises that emergency responders prioritize their own personal safety above that of the `scene and survivors’. However, there is limited information available on the nature of these threats and how they may be accurately evaluated. This study reviews the published medical literature to identify the hazards experienced by emergency responders who have attended previous terrorist incidents. A PubMed literature search identified 10,894 articles on the subject of `terrorism’, and there was a dramatic increase in publications after the 9/11 attacks in 2001. There is heterogeneity in the focus and quality of this literature, and 307 articles addressing the subject of scene safety were assessed for information regarding the threats encountered at terrorist incidents. These articles demonstrate that emergency responders have been exposed to both direct terrorist threats and environmental scene hazards, including airborne particles, structural collapse, fire, and psychological stress. The emphasis of training and preparedness for terrorist incidents has been primarily on the direct threats, but the published literature suggests that the dominant causes of mortality and morbidity in responders after such incidents are the indirect environmental hazards. If the medical response to terrorist incidents is to be based on evidence rather than anecdote, analysis of the current literature should be incorporated into major incident training, and consistent collection of key data from future incidents is required.
An optimal transition time to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for predicting good neurological outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a propensity-matched study
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Jung Jae Seung , Park Jae Hyoung , Park Jong Su , Hong Yun Sik , Lee Sung Woo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Prolonged conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) is associated with a poor prognosis in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Alternative methods can be needed to improve the outcome in patients with prolonged CCPR and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can be considered as an alternative method. The objectives of this study were to estimate the optimal duration of CPR to consider ECPR as an alternative resuscitation method in patients with CCPR, and to find the indications for predicting good neurologic outcome in OHCA patients who received ECPR.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis based on a prospective cohort. We included patients ≥18 years of age without suspected or confirmed trauma and who experienced an OHCA from May 2006 to December 2013. First, we determined the appropriate cut-off duration for CPR based on the discrimination of good and poor neurological outcomes in the patients who received only CCPR, and then we compared the outcome between the CCPR group and ECPR group by using propensity score matching. Second, we compared CPR related data according to the neurologic outcome in matched ECPR group.

Results
Of 499 patients suitable for inclusion, 444 and 55 patients were enrolled in the CCPR and ECPR group, respectively. The predicted duration for a favorable neurologic outcome (CPC1, 2) is < 21 minutes of CPR in only CCPR patients. The matched ECPR group with ≥21 minutes of CPR duration had a more favorable neurological outcome than the matched CCPR group at 3 months post-arrest. In matched ECPR group, younger age, witnessed arrest without initial asystole rhythm, early achievement of mean arterial pressure ≥60 mmHg, low rate of ECPR-related complications, and therapeutic hypothermia were significant factors for expecting good neurologic outcome.

Conclusions
ECPR should be considered as an alternative method for attaining good neurological outcomes in OHCA patients who required prolonged CPR, especially of ≥21 minutes. Younger or witnessed arrest patients without initial asystole were good candidates for ECPR. After implantation of ECPR, early hemodynamic stabilization, prevention of ECPR-related complications, and application of therapeutic hypothermia may improve the neurological outcome.
RRHP: a tag-based approach for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine mapping at single-site resolution
Authors: Petterson Adam , Chung Tzu Hung , Tan Darany , Sun Xueguang , Jia Xi-Yu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCurrent methods for genomic mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) have been limited by either costly sequencing depth, high DNA input, or lack of single-base resolution. We present an approach called Reduced Representation 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiling (RRHP) to map 5hmC sites at single-base resolution by exploiting the use of beta-glucosyltransferase to inhibit enzymatic digestion at the junction where adapters are ligated to a genomic library. Therefore, only library fragments presenting glucosylated 5hmC residues at the junction are sequenced. RRHP can detect sites with low 5hmC abundance, and when combined with RRBS data, 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine can be compared at a specific site.
Abrogation of CC chemokine receptor 9 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis of mice
Authors: Yokoyama Waka , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Kaneko Kayoko , Walters Matthew , Takayasu Aiko , Fukuda Shin , Miyabe Chie , Miyabe Yoshishige , Love Paul E , Nakamoto Nobuhiro , Kanai Takanori , Watanabe-Imai Kaori , Charvat Trevor T , Penfold Mark ET , Jaen Juan , Schall Thomas J , Harigai Masayoshi , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Nanki Toshihiro 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Biological drugs are effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but increase severe infections. The CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 9 antagonist was effective for Crohn’s disease without critical adverse effects including infections in clinical trials. The present study was carried out to explore the pathogenic roles of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 25 and its receptor, CCR9, in autoimmune arthritis and to study if the CCR9 antagonist could be a new treatment for RA.

Methods
CCL25 and CCR9 expression was examined with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Effects of abrogating CCR9 on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated using CCR9-deficient mice or the CCR9 antagonist, CCX8037. Fluorescence labeled-CD11b+ splenocytes from CIA mice were transferred to recipient CIA mice and those infiltrating into the synovial tissues of the recipient mice were counted.

Results
CCL25 and CCR9 proteins were found in the RA synovial tissues. CCR9 was expressed on macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and dendritic cells in the synovial tissues. Stimulation with CCL25 increased IL-6 and MMP-3 production from RA FLS, and IL-6 and TNF-α production from peripheral blood monocytes. CIA was suppressed in CCR9-deficient mice. CCX8037 also inhibited CIA and the migration of transferred CD11b+ splenocytes into the synovial tissues.

Conclusions
The interaction between CCL25 and CCR9 may play important roles in cell infiltration into the RA synovial tissues and inflammatory mediator production. Blocking CCL25 or CCR9 may represent a novel safe therapy for RA.
Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Montenigro Philip H , Baugh Christine M , Daneshvar Daniel H , Mez Jesse , Budson Andrew E , Au Rhoda , Katz Douglas I , Cantu Robert C , Stern Robert A 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of ‘probable CTE’ and ‘possible CTE’. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders.