bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulating the capacity to govern the commons
Authors: McClanahan T. R. , Oddenyo R. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ability to strengthen governance institutions and fisheries restrictions and laws is needed to improve conservation and management of common‐pool resources. We evaluated the potential for stimulating change with modest interventions by studying fishing village households before and after a 27‐month intervention period in a high‐priority coral reef conservation area. Interventions included training in catch monitoring, stock assessment, mapping fishing grounds, microcredit, gender inclusion, theatrical skills, fuel efficient stoves, and participation in the planning of a conservation proposal. There was a background increase in reported formal education, household size, group membership, and household wealth but a decrease in fish consumption and public services. Of conservation importance, the perceived strength of 13 governance institutions and benefits of 6 fisheries restrictions increased over the intervention period. Finally, correspondence between knowledge of and agreement with recent national fisheries laws was moderate to high and positively correlated. The intervention period was stronger than demographic factors that often influence perceptions, such as village, government services, gender, household size, membership in community groups, and age responses. In general, perceptions of strengths of governance and benefits of restrictions increased more among women and youth than adult men respondents. The largest changes in perceptions of increased benefits were among strict restrictions initially ranked low, specifically fisheries closures, parks, and species restrictions. Consequently, capacity building overrode demographic factors common to poor people with limited employment capacity that can have negative perceptions of strict conservation.
Inflammation unites diverse acute and chronic diseases
Authors: Libby Peter , Smith Robin , Rubin Eric J. , Glassberg Marilyn K. , Farkouh Michael E. , Rosenson Robert S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundInflammation and immunity contribute pivotally to diverse acute and chronic diseases. Inflammatory pathways have become increasingly targets for therapy. Yet, despite substantial similarity in mechanisms and pathways, the scientific, medical, pharma and biotechnology sectors have generally focused programs finely on a single disease entity or organ system. This insularity may impede progress in innovation and the harnessing of powerful new insights into inflammation biology ripe for clinical translation.MethodsA multidisciplinary thinktank reviewed highlights how inflammation contributes to diverse diseases, disturbed homeostasis, ageing and impaired healthspan. We explored how common inflammatory and immune mechanisms that operate in key conditions in their respective domains. This consensus review highlights the high degree of commonality of inflammatory mechanisms in a diverse array of conditions that together contribute a major part of the global burden of morbidity and mortality and present an enormous challenge to public health and drain on resources.ResultsWe demonstrate how that shared inflammatory mechanisms unite many seemingly disparate diseases, both acute and chronic. The examples of infection, cardiovascular conditions, pulmonary diseases, rheumatological disorders, dementia, cancer and ageing illustrate the overlapping pathogenesis. We outline opportunities to synergize, reduce duplication and consolidate efforts of the clinical, research and pharmaceutical communities. Enhanced recognition of these commonalties should promote cross‐fertilization and hasten progress in this rapidly moving domain.ConclusionsGreater appreciation of the shared mechanisms should simplify understanding seemingly disparate diseases for clinicians and help them to recognize inflammation as a therapeutic target which the development of novel therapies is rendering actionable.
Does students' understanding of corporate governance in Ghanaian higher education relate to teacher knowledge and teaching methods?
Authors: Yeboah Solomon , Awaah Fred , Foli Jessie Yao , Tetteh Andrew , Ekwam Emmanuel Kyere 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is empirical evidence on the factors influencing students' understanding of various subjects in higher educational institutions. However, there is a deficit in studies about the link between teacher knowledge and teaching methods on students' understanding of corporate governance course. Thus, this study investigates whether students' understanding of corporate governance in Ghanaian universities is related to teacher knowledge and teaching methods. This study adopts quantitative approach and cross‐sectional design to collect from 1,050 sampled students from three public universities in Ghana. We use descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation techniques to analyse the data. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between teacher knowledge and students' understanding of corporate governance. Furthermore, teaching methods have significant positive correlation with students' understanding of corporate governance. This study has provided a conceptual framework that indicates how teacher knowledge and teaching methods may relate to students' understanding of corporate governance in higher education from the perspective of a developing country. Additionally, this study shows that to promote students' comprehension of corporate governance, there must an understanding of how teacher knowledge and teaching methods can overlap to address the challenges confronting governance education in developing countries.
Linking team emergent states to achieve persistence with a business idea in student teams
Authors: Kolaković Marko , Petković Saša , Horvatinović Tin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe expanding research on team emergent states explains many facets of team dynamics in an entrepreneurial context. However, the interactions between team emergent states are still unknown. Detached from team emergent states, studies on student entrepreneurship have disclosed findings clustered around students' entrepreneurial intentions while neglecting the issue of persistence with a developed business idea. This study contributes to the literature by proposing an intersection between team emergent states and student entrepreneurial education research via a model where transactive memory systems mediate the effect of team efficacy on team persistence. The model is tested on a sample of student teams using a partial least‐square structural equation modelling approach. The findings support the proposed indirect effect. The study offers theoretical implications for team emergent states and policy implications for entrepreneurial education.
A comprehensive analysis of gender dynamics in organizations: Integrating social, structural and individual dimensions
Authors: Hundera M. , Mudde H. L. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study delves into gender dynamics in 12 Technical Vocational and Education Training (TVET) organizations in Ethiopia, using qualitative methods. We conducted 96 face‐to‐face interviews and triangulated the data through observations, employee records and document reviews. Thematic analysis revealed that gender inequality in organizations persists due to the interplay of social, structural and individual factors. Emphasizing individual or societal aspects hinders transformative efforts. A holistic approach considering these dimensions is crucial for understanding and addressing gender inequality. Identifying and dismantling structural barriers is essential for gender transformation. Focusing solely on individual‐level issues, like female‐only mentoring, is insufficient for achieving gender equality. A combination of strategies is needed to tackle structural problems and societal assumptions, fostering organizational transformation.
New recognition of the heart–brain axis and its implication in the pathogenesis and treatment of PTSD
Authors: Li Hai‐peng , Cheng Hong‐liang , Ding Keke , Zhang Yang , Gao Fang , Zhu Guoqi , Zhang Zhengrong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychological disorder provoked by distressing experiences, and it remains without highly effective intervention strategies. The exploration of PTSD's underlying mechanisms is crucial for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Current studies primarily explore PTSD through the lens of the central nervous system, investigating concrete molecular alterations in the cerebral area and neural circuit irregularities. However, the body's response to external stressors, particularly the changes in cardiovascular function, is often pronounced, evidenced by notable cardiac dysfunction. Consequently, examining PTSD with a focus on cardiac function is vital for the early prevention and targeted management of the disorder. This review undertakes a comprehensive literature analysis to detail the alterations in brain and heart structures and functions associated with PTSD. It also synthesizes potential mechanisms of heart–brain axis interactions relevant to the development of PTSD. Ultimately, by considering cardiac function, this review proposes novel perspectives for PTSD's prophylaxis and therapy.
Decorin attenuates hypertrophic scar fibrosis via TGFβ/Smad signalling
Authors: Cui Jiangtao , Zhang Shiyi , Acharya Kiran , Xu Yan , Guo Heng , Li Tong , Fu Donghe , Yang Zizhen , Hou Lingnan , Xing Xiaotao , Hu Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe management of hypertrophic scars (HSs), characterized by excessive collagen production, involves various nonsurgical and surgical interventions. However, the absence of a well‐defined molecular mechanism governing hypertrophic scarring has led to less‐than‐ideal results in clinical antifibrotic treatments. Therefore, our study focused on the role of decorin (DCN) and its regulatory role in the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway in the development of HSs. In our research, we observed a decrease in DCN expression within hypertrophic scar tissue and its derived cells (HSFc) compared to that in normal tissue. Then, the inhibitory effect of DCN on collagen synthesis was confirmed in Fc and HSFc via the detection of fibrosis markers such as COL‐1 and COL‐3 after the overexpression and knockdown of DCN. Moreover, functional assessments revealed that DCN suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of HSFc. We discovered that DCN significantly inhibits the TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway by suppressing TGF‐β1 expression, as well as the formation and phosphorylation of Smad3. This finding suggested that DCN regulates the synthesis of collagen‐based extracellular matrix and fibrosis through the TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of acne vulgaris, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa supports high‐dose dietary zinc as a therapeutic agent
Authors: Li Li , Hajam Irshad , McGee Jean S. , Tang Zhengkuan , Zhang Ye , Badey Nikil , Mintzer Esther , Zhang Zhenrui , Liu George Y. , Church George M. , Wang Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcne vulgaris, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa are enduring inflammatory skin conditions that frequently manifest with akin clinical attributes, posing a considerable challenge for their distinctive diagnosis. While these conditions do exhibit certain resemblances, they also demonstrate distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment modalities. Delving into both the molecular parallels and disparities among these three disorders can yield invaluable insights for refined diagnostics, effective management, and targeted therapeutic interventions. In this report, we present a comparative analysis of transcriptomic data across these three diseases, elucidating differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways specific to each ailment, as well as those shared among them. Specifically, we identified multiple zinc‐binding proteins (SERPINA1, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and KRT16) as consistently highly upregulated genes across all three diseases. Our hypothesis suggests that these proteins could bind and sequester zinc, potentially leading to localized zinc deficiency and heightened inflammation. We identified high‐dose dietary zinc as a promising therapeutic approach and confirmed its effectiveness through validation in an acne mouse model.
Limiting bureaucratic discretion? Analyzing the design and exercise of administrative judicial review in the welfare sector
Authors: Leijon Karin , Moberg Linda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article develops a framework for understanding how the design of administrative judicial review can circumscribe the discretion of different bureaucratic actors. The framework proposes that bureaucratic discretion is limited to a great extent if courts can (i) overturn bureaucratic decisions on substantive grounds, (ii) review decisions associated with high economic costs, and (iii) issue detailed instructions for how rulings are to be implemented. Applying the framework to the Swedish case, we first show that the legislative design of the judicial review process allows administrative courts to greatly limit the discretion of senior officials and street‐level bureaucrats. Second, we show that Swedish courts defer to the expertise of bureaucratic actors in the welfare sector by sparingly overturning decisions. However, when courts actually overturn decisions, they frequently limit bureaucratic discretion by issuing detailed judgments in high‐cost cases, possibly undermining the conditions for good governance.
Aging‐associated reduction of chromosomal histones in mammalian oocytes
Authors: Mori Masashi , Koshiguchi Manami , Takenouchi Osamu , Mukose Mei A. , Takase Hinako M. , Mishina Tappei , Mei Hailiang , Kihara Miho , Abe Takaya , Inoue Azusa , Kitajima Tomoya S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMammalian oocytes undergo a long‐term meiotic arrest that can last for almost the entire reproductive lifespan. This arrest occurs after DNA replication and is prolonged with age, which poses a challenge to oocytes in maintaining replication‐dependent chromosomal proteins required for the completion of meiosis. In this study, we show that chromosomal histones are reduced with age in mouse oocytes. Both types of histone H3 variants, replication‐dependent H3.1/H3.2 and replication‐independent H3.3, decrease with age. Aging‐associated histone reduction is associated with transcriptomic features that are caused by genetic depletion of histone H3.3. Neither the genetic reduction of chromosomal H3.1/H3.2 nor H3.3 accelerates the aging‐associated increase in premature chromosome separation that causes meiotic segregation errors. We suggest that aging‐associated reduction of chromosomal histones is linked to several transcriptomic abnormalities but does not significantly contribute to errors in meiotic chromosome segregation during the reproductive lifespan of mice.
Application‐based big data development framework for health sciences libraries
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Zhang Di , Wang Bo , Ahmad Khurshid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study is a part of a student research project on performance‐based evaluation of big data application in health sciences libraries. It presents a theoretical framework of the performance‐based evaluation system for health institutes' libraries in the digital environment. The health sciences libraries' systematic approach was judged based on the five main components (data culture, organisational infrastructure, responsibilities, skills and technology competence) of big data analytics (BDA). A comprehensive literature review of the published studies was undertaken related to BDA, including the diffusion of innovation theory, and the theoretical background of the technology acceptance model to produce an application‐based big data development framework for the health sciences libraries. The application‐based evaluation model integrates BDA in health sciences libraries for improving library services and performance. The study proposed a need for skilled professionals with the knowledge and experience both professionally and technically. Finally, the study proposed a model that will help to measure the organisation's ability to analyse vast amounts of data to empirically validate the association concerning big data analysis and analytical practices in health libraries.
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibodies and Associated Factors in Bamako, Mali: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study in September 2022
Authors: Traoré Bourama , Guindo Merepen A. , Konaté Drissa , Kané Fousseyni , Incandela Nathan C. , Traore Abdouramane , Kanté Salimata , Sidibé Mariam , Keita Bourama , Kasse Fatoumata , Tangara Karamoko , Diallo Dramane , Maiga Issoufi Y. , Thiam Salif , Cisse Abdourhamane , Siby Khatry M. , Dicko Abdoul R. , Goita Mariam , Kone Diakaridia , Diallo Mamadou , Traore Modibo , Coulibaly Yaya I. , Diakité Mahamadou , Doumbia Seydou , Dolo Housseini , Balam Saidou 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe sero‐epidemiological characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Mali are not yet well understood. This study assessed SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence and factors associated with antibody responses in the general population of Bamako, the capital city and epicenter of COVID‐19, to assess the magnitude of the pandemic and contribute to control strategy improvements in Mali.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in September 2022 to collect sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, comorbid factors, and blood samples. ELISA was performed to determine anti‐Spike (anti‐S) and anti‐RBD antibody levels. A total of 3601 participants were enrolled in REDCap. R‐Studio was used for the statistical analysis. The chi‐squared (χ2) test was used to compare the proportions across different groups. Logistic regression models were used to elucidate factors associated with antibody responses.ResultThe sex ratio for female‐to‐male was 3.6:1. The most representative groups were the 20–29‐year‐olds (28.9%, n = 1043) and the 30–39‐year‐olds (26.9%, n = 967). The COVID‐19 vaccine coverage among the participants was 35.8%, with vaccines from Covishield AstraZeneca (13.4%), Johnson & Johnson (16.7%), Sinovac (3.9%), and BioNTech Pfizer (1.8%). Overall, S protein and RBD antibody seroprevalences were remarkably high in the study population (98% and 97%, respectively). Factors such as youth (1–9 years old) and male sex were associated with lower SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody responses, whereas COVID‐19 vaccinations were associated with increased antibody responses.ConclusionThis serosurvey demonstrated the high seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and highlighted the factors influencing antibody responses, while clearly underlining an underestimation of the pandemic in Mali.
Implementation contexts and strategies for alternative peripherally inserted central catheter material and design selection: A qualitative exploration using CFIR/ERIC approach
Authors: August Deanne , Walker Rachel M. , Gibson Victoria , Marsh Nicole , Kleidon Tricia M. , Delaforce Alana , Mihalopoulous Claire , Ullman Amanda , Keogh Samantha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the implementation contexts and strategies that influence the uptake and selection of alternative peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) materials and design.DesignQualitative evaluation of end user perspectives within a randomized control trial of different PICC materials and design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders were undertaken via an adapted, rapid‐analytic approach using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Outcomes were mapped against the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) tool for strategies to guide innovation in PICC practice.ResultsParticipants (n = 23) represented a combination of users and inserters/purchasers, from adult and paediatric settings. Dominant themes included intervention characteristics (intervention source), inner setting (structural characteristics) and individuals involved (self‐efficacy). Strategies emerging to support a change from ERIC mapping (n = 16) included promotion of intervention adaptability, inclusion of staff and consumer perspectives and sufficient funding. Implementation contexts such as inner setting and individuals involved equally impacted PICC success and implementation effectiveness and enabled a greater understanding of barriers and facilitators to intervention implementation in this trial.ConclusionTrial evidence is important, but healthcare decision‐making requires consideration of local contexts especially resourcing. Implementation contexts for Australian healthcare settings include a practical, strategic toolkit for the implementation of alternative PICC materials and designs.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to COREQ guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Exploring the implementation of national health and social care standards in Ireland: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Kelly Yvonne , O'Rourke Niamh , Flynn Rachel , Hegarty Josephine , Keyes Laura M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNational health and social care standards are complex, quality improvement interventions. Standards typically describe a process and/or outcome of safe, quality, person‐centred care according to best evidence. Currently, there are 11 national standards that apply to diverse services in Ireland including residential centres, acute hospitals and rehabilitation and community inpatient healthcare services. A better understanding of contextual factors influencing implementation will inform decision‐making when selecting implementation strategies to enhance the implementation of standards.AimTo explore experiences of implementing national health and social care standards and secondly, to identify enablers and barriers to implementation with stakeholders from across multiple levels of the health system.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsWe conducted six focus groups and eight individual interviews from October to November 2021 with stakeholders at system level (n = 14), organizational level (n = 14) and individual level (n = 10). Focus groups and interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsSix themes were generated; (1) Top‐down, bottom‐up, a team approach: everybody together, we are all involved, we are all responsible, (2) Support tools: accessible tools and bite‐size material pertaining to standards will support us to implement standards, (3) Empower with knowledge: increase awareness and understanding of standards, make them relatable in practice so we can make sense of them, (4) A system‐wide malaise: we do not have the bandwidth to implement standards, (5) Follow the leader: we need a lead person at every level to inspire implementation, (6) A bi‐directional influence: we know inspections drive quality improvements but we still feel trepidation around inspection outcomes.ConclusionKey enablers identified related to teamwork, support tools, leadership and inspections. Key barriers related to workforce issues, a lack of awareness of standards and fear of inspection outcomes. Our findings can be incorporated into strategies to support implementation of standards, ultimately for the benefit of service‐users.Implications for PracticeThe enablers and barriers described in this study reflect the importance of organizational factors in the implementation of standards. Interdisciplinary teams can infer from these findings, which enablers and barriers apply to their own context. These findings can inform decision‐making when selecting strategies that can be effective in supporting the implementation of standards.Reporting MethodWe have adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.