bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighing the value of memory loss in the surgical evaluation of left temporal lobe epilepsy: A decision analysis
Authors: Akama‐Garren Elliot H. , Bianchi Matt T. , Leveroni Catherine , Cole Andrew J. , Cash Sydney S. , Westover M. Brandon 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectivesAnterior temporal lobectomy is curative for many patients with disabling medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, but carries an inherent risk of disabling verbal memory loss. Although accurate prediction of iatrogenic memory loss is becoming increasingly possible, it remains unclear how much weight such predictions should have in surgical decision making. Here we aim to create a framework that facilitates a systematic and integrated assessment of the relative risks and benefits of surgery versus medical management for patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsWe constructed a Markov decision model to evaluate the probabilistic outcomes and associated health utilities associated with choosing to undergo a left anterior temporal lobectomy versus continuing with medical management for patients with medically refractory left temporal lobe epilepsy. Three base‐cases were considered, representing a spectrum of surgical candidates encountered in practice, with varying degrees of epilepsy‐related disability and potential for decreased quality of life in response to post‐surgical verbal memory deficits.ResultsFor patients with moderately severe seizures and moderate risk of verbal memory loss, medical management was the preferred decision, with increased quality‐adjusted life expectancy. However, the preferred choice was sensitive to clinically meaningful changes in several parameters, including quality of life impact of verbal memory decline, quality of life with seizures, mortality rate with medical management, probability of remission following surgery, and probability of remission with medical management.SignificanceOur decision model suggests that for patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy, quantitative assessment of risk and benefit should guide recommendation of therapy. In particular, risk for and potential impact of verbal memory decline should be carefully weighed against the degree of disability conferred by continued seizures on a patient‐by‐patient basis.
Thermal adaptation generates a diversity of thermal limits in a rainforest ant community
Authors: Kaspari Michael , Clay Natalie A. , Lucas Jane , Yanoviak Stephen P , Kay Adam 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Thermal Adaptation Hypothesis posits that the warmer, aseasonal tropics generates populations with higher and narrower thermal limits. It has largely been tested among populations across latitudes. However, considerable thermal heterogeneity exists within ecosystems: across 31 trees in a Panama rainforest, surfaces exposed to sun were 8 °C warmer and varied more in temperature than surfaces in the litter below. Tiny ectotherms are confined to surfaces and are variously submerged in these superheated boundary layer environments. We quantified the surfaceCTminandCTmaxs (surface temperatures at which individuals grew torpid and lost motor control, respectively) of 88 ant species from this forest; they ranged in average mass from 0.01 to 57 mg. Larger ants had broader thermal tolerances. Then, for 26 of these species we again tested bodyCTmaxs using a thermal dry bath to eliminate boundary layer effects: body size correlations observed previously disappeared. In both experiments, consistent with Thermal Adaptation,CTmaxs of canopy ants averaged 3.5–5 °C higher than populations that nested in the shade of the understory. We impaled thermocouples in taxidermy mounts to further quantify the factors shaping operative temperatures for four ant species representing the top third (1–30 mg) of the size distribution. Extrapolations suggest the smallest 2/3rds of species reach thermal equilibrium in <10s. Moreover, the large ants that walk above the convective superheated surface air also showed more net heating by solar radiation, with operative temperatures up to 4 °C higher than surrounding air. The thermal environments of this Panama rainforest generate a range ofCTmaxsubsuming 74% of those previously recorded for ant populations worldwide. The Thermal Adaptation Hypothesis can be a powerful tool in predicting diversity of thermal limits within communities. Boundary layer temperatures are likely key to predicting the future of Earth's tiny terrestrial ectotherm populations.
Fractured rock stress‐permeability relationships from in situ data and effects of temperature and chemical‐mechanical couplings
Authors: Rutqvist J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to (i) review field data on stress‐induced permeability changes in fractured rock; (ii) describe estimation of fractured rock stress‐permeability relationships through model calibration against such field data; and (iii) discuss observations of temperature and chemically mediated fracture closure and its effect on fractured rock permeability. The field data that are reviewed includein situblock experiments, excavation‐induced changes in permeability around tunnels, borehole injection experiments, depth (and stress) dependent permeability, and permeability changes associated with a large‐scale rock‐mass heating experiment. Data show how the stress‐permeability relationship of fractured rock very much depends on localin situconditions, such as fracture shear offset and fracture infilling by mineral precipitation. Field and laboratory experiments involving temperature have shown significant temperature‐driven fracture closure even under constant stress. Such temperature‐driven fracture closure has been described as thermal overclosure and relates to better fitting of opposing fracture surfaces at high temperatures, or is attributed to chemically mediated fracture closure related to pressure solution (and compaction) of stressed fracture surface asperities. Back‐calculated stress‐permeability relationships from field data may implicitly account for such effects, but the relative contribution of purely thermal‐mechanical and chemically mediated changes is difficult to isolate. Therefore, it is concluded that further laboratory andin situexperiments are needed to increase the knowledge of the true mechanisms behind thermally driven fracture closure, and to further assess the importance of chemical‐mechanical coupling for the long‐term evolution of fractured rock permeability.
Alterations of the mTOR pathway in hepatic angiomyolipoma with emphasis on the epithelioid variant and loss of heterogeneity of TSC1/TSC2
Authors: Huang Shih‐Chiang , Chuang Huei‐Chieh , Chen Tai‐Di , Chi Chen‐Lin , Ng Kwai‐Fong , Yeh Ta‐Sen , Chen Tse‐Ching 
Published: September 2014

AimsTo determine the significance of the epithelioid type and the corresponding molecular alterations in hepatic angiomyolipoma (AML).Methods and resultsWe retrieved 24 samples of hepatic AML to delineate the clinicopathological features and the immunohistochemical expression of components in the mTOR pathway, and employed microsatellite markers to analyse allelic imbalances in the TSC1 and TSC2 regions. Myomatous AML was the most common type, and a predominantly epithelioid cell population was observed in 50% of the samples. Two‐thirds of all samples contained <20% of fat tissue. Four cases of monotypic epithelioid AML were discovered without prognostic implications. Elevated phospho‐p70S6 kinase expression was noted in 19 samples in the absence of phospho‐AKT activity. Loss of heterogeneity (LOH) of TSC1/TSC2 was found in 15 samples. As compared wityh syndromic AML samples, sporadic AML samples showed LOH of microsatellite markers to a limited extent. Only four samples had increased β‐catenin expression in the context of concurrent high expression of phospho‐p70S6 kinase and phospho‐S6 (P = 0.018).ConclusionsThe low fat content and epithelioid cytomorphology in hepatic AML potentially obstruct preoperative and pathological diagnosis. Alteration of the mTOR pathway and LOH of the tuberous sclerosis complex genes is a frequent pathogenesis in hepatic AMLs.
Histological evolution of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Hirota Takako , Yoshida Yuji , Kitasato Yasuhiko , Yoshimi Michihiro , Koga Takaomi , Tsuruta Nobuko , Minami Masato , Harada Taishi , Ishii Hiroshi , Fujita Masaki , Nabeshima Kazuki , Nagata Nobuhiko , Watanabe Kentaro 
Published: September 2014

AimsTo investigate the histological evolution in the development of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE).Methods and resultsWe examined four patients who had undergone surgical lung biopsy twice, or who had undergone surgical lung biopsy and had been autopsied, and in whom the histological diagnosis of the first biopsy was not PPFE, but the diagnosis of the second biopsy or of the autopsy was PPFE. The histological patterns of the first biopsy were cellular and fibrotic interstitial pneumonia, cellular interstitial pneumonia (CIP) with organizing pneumonia, CIP with granulomas and acute lung injury in cases 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Septal elastosis was already present in the non‐specific interstitial pneumonia‐like histology of case 1, but a few additional years were necessary to reach consolidated subpleural fibroelastosis. In case 3, subpleural fibroelastosis was already present in the first biopsy, but only to a small extent. Twelve years later, it was replaced by a long band of fibroelastosis. The septal inflammation and fibrosis and airspace organization observed in the first biopsies were replaced by less cellular subpleural fibroelastosis within 3–12 years.ConclusionsInterstitial inflammation or acute lung injury may be an initial step in the development of PPFE.
Effect of Fixation Method on Postoperative Complication Rates After Surgical Stabilization of Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures in Dogs
Authors: Perry Karen L. , Bruce Mieghan , Woods Samantha , Davies Clare , Heaps Laura A. , Arthurs Gareth I. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of stabilization method on the complication rate after lateral humeral condylar fracture (LHCF) repair.Study DesignRetrospective multicenter clinical cohort study.AnimalsDogs (n = 151) with LHCF.MethodsMedical records (2004–2012) were reviewed for dogs that had surgical repair of LHCF. Data retrieved included signalment, cause of fracture, evidence of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle, occurrence of postoperative complications, presence of supracondylar comminution preoperatively, and persistence of an intracondylar fissure postoperatively. Outcome was assessed based on the most recent data available and graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor.ResultsLHCF (n = 135) were evaluated in 132 dogs; 61 fractures were stabilized using a transcondylar screw and supracondylar K‐wire, 13 using a transcondylar screw and supracondylar screw, and 61 using a transcondylar screw and lateral epicondylar plate. Major complications were significantly (P = .01) more common after stabilization using a transcondylar screw and supracondylar K‐wire (28%) than in dogs where a supracondylar screw or lateral epicondylar plate were used (11%). Cases that had postoperative complications were significantly (P = .02) more likely to have a poor outcome.ConclusionsLHCF stabilized using a transcondylar screw and supracondylar K‐wire are more likely to have major complications resulting in a poorer outcome than cases stabilized using a supracondylar screw or lateral epicondylar plate.
Failure Variability in Porous Glasses: Stress Interactions, Crack Orientation, and Crack Size Distributions
Authors: Keleṣ Özgür , Edwin García R. , Bowman Keith J. 
Published: September 2014

Fracture behavior of porous glass is investigated through a combined finite element–fracture mechanics approach. In contrast to earlier studies, here, simulations embody flaw size distributions in addition to pore–pore stress interactions and crack orientation along pore surfaces. Fracture strength of porous glass shows a steep decrease up to 20% porosity and then levels off due to interacting pores. Weibull modulus varies because of the decreased probability of interactions in microstructures containing less than 2% porosity or the smallest pore diameter =48 μm. Weibull modulus strongly depends on crack size distributions for porosity less than 2% and pore–pore stress interactions for porosity greater than 5%.
Ferrocene‐Catalyzed Growth of Single‐Crystalline 6H‐SiC Nanoribbons
Authors: Chu Yanhui , Li Hejun , Li Lu , Qi Lehua 
Published: September 2014

Single crystal 6H–SiC nanoribbons were in situ synthesized in large scale on the as‐prepared SiC–Si ceramic substrates via a facile heat‐treatment approach using ferrocene as catalyst. The as‐synthesized nanoribbons were up to several millimeters long, with widths of 200–300 nm and thicknesses of 20–80 nm. A novel combination growth mechanism of vapor–liquid–solid‐based and vapor–solid‐tip was proposed for the growth mode of the as‐synthesized nanoribbons. This study provided not only a new method for synthesizing SiC nanoribbons but also a new insight into the growth mode for SiC nanoribbons.
Cryptic diversity and biogeographical patterns within the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) complex
Authors: Reilly Sean B. , Wake David B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimPhylogeographical structure in the black salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus) was inferred using two independent genetic datasets. Concordance between the datasets was sought in order to evaluate earlier suggestions of species‐level breaks and evidence of vicariance and long‐term isolation within the complex. We hypothesized that major phylogeographical breaks would either correspond to current tectonic plate boundaries or to historical geological processes.LocationNorth‐western California and southern Oregon (USA).MethodsThree mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes were sequenced for 240 black salamanders from 136 localities, and up to 13 nuclear DNA loci were sequenced for 145 black salamanders representing 93 localities. Phylogenetic analysis of our mitochondrial dataset was performed to recover major lineages, while spatial clustering analysis of our nuclear dataset was utilized to identify points of concordance with our mtDNA phylogeny. Levels of gene flow were estimated for all contact zones.ResultsOur mitochondrial phylogeny recovered four major lineages. Cluster analysis of our nuclear dataset is consistent with a four‐population scheme, with the boundaries matching those of the mtDNA lineages. Gene flow across a contact zone in southern Humboldt between two of the populational units is extremely limited (2Nm < 1). In what is identified as the Central Core population, two distinctive subpopulations were delineated based on nuclear data, but mitochondrial data are discordant.Main conclusionsThe Aneides flavipunctatus complex comprises at least four species‐level units. Two of the boundaries between these units are associated with current tectonic plate boundaries. The contact zone between our Northwest and Central Core populations lies adjacent to the Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ), where the Humboldt and North American plates meet, while the area separating the Santa Cruz and Central Core populations corresponds to the boundary between the Pacific and Humboldt tectonic plates. The phylogeographical break within the Central Core population lies in a region in which uplift occurred that is associated with the historical position of the migrating MTJ.
The Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Increases Pulmonary Vein and Atrial Arrhythmogenesis
Authors: CHEN WEI‐TA , CHEN YAO‐CHANG , HSIEH MING‐HSIUNG , HUANG SHIH‐YU , KAO YU‐HSUN , CHEN YI‐ANN , LIN YUNG‐KUO , CHEN SHIH‐ANN , CHEN YI‐JEN 
Published: September 2014

Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate on Pulmonary Vein and Atrial ArrhythmogenesisBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) with unclear mechanisms. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulates in CKD patients. IS increases oxidative stress, which contributes to the genesis of AF. The arrhythmogenic effect of IS is unclear.MethodsConventional microelectrodes recorded the action potentials (AP) of isolated rabbit left atrium (LA), right atrium (RA), pulmonary vein (PV), and sinoatrial nodes (SANs) before and after treatment with IS with and without an antioxidant (ascorbic acid). Confocal microscopy with fluorescence and whole‐cell patch clamp were used to evaluate intracellular calcium in isolated PV cardiomyocytes with and without IS.ResultsCompared to the control, IS induced more PV delayed afterdepolarizations at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM, and induced more PV burst firings at 1, 10, and 100 μM. In contrast, IS (10 and 100 μM) reduced the SAN spontaneous beating rate. IS (100 μM) significantly shortened LA AP durations, but not RA. IS (100 μM)‐treated PV cardiomyocytes had a similar calcium transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content, but a larger calcium leak than control PV cardiomyocytes. Burst pacing and isoproterenol induced a greater AF occurrence (50% vs. 100%; P = 0.009) and a longer AF duration (26 ± 9 vs. 5 ± 3 seconds; P < 0.05) in the LA (n = 8) with IS (100 μM) than without IS. Moreover, ascorbic acid (1 mM) attenuated the effects of IS on the LA, PV, and SANs.ConclusionIS increases PV and atrial arrhythmogenesis through oxidative stress. They may contribute to the occurrence of AF in CKD patients.
Association between vitamin D level and viral load or fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis B patients from Southern China
Authors: Yu Rui , Sun Jian , Zheng Zhidan , Chen Jian , Fan Rong , Liang Xieer , Zhu Youfu , Liu Ying , Shen Sheng , Hou Jinlin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe role of vitamin D playing in patients with chronic hepatitis C has been intensively studied. However, studies on the potential interaction between vitamin D level and chronic hepatitis B are still limited. This study aimed to explore whether any association existed between serum vitamin D level and liver histology or virological parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection in Southern China.Methods25‐Hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were determined in a cohort of 242 treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B patients. Histologic assessment was based on Knodell histologic activity index and Ishak fibrosis staging. Predictors of vitamin D insufficiency were identified using multivariate analysis.ResultsMean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D value was 33.90 ng/mL. The percentage of patients with different concentration of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (≥ 30 ng/mL, 20–30 ng/mL, < 20 ng/mL) were 59.9%, 31.4%, and 8.7%, respectively. Gender, season, age, and viral genotype were independent predictors of vitamin D insufficiency (< 30 ng/mL). Patients with genotype B virus infection had a lower mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level (P = 0.023) and higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency than those with genotype C (P = 0.021), while no association was found between vitamin D status and viral load. In addition, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level did not significantly vary according to activity grade or fibrosis stage.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is relatively low in our cohort. Patients infected with genotype B had a higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency than genotype C. 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D serum level is not associated with viral load or fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis B patients.
Oral care post stroke: a scoping review
Authors: Kwok C. , McIntyre A. , Janzen S. , Mays R. , Teasell R. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryHealth concerns post stroke may be the result of, or exacerbated by, neglected oral health care (OHC). However, OHC may be challenging post stroke due to hemiparesis, hemiplegia, a lack of coordination, and/or cognitive deficits. The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review and summarise the current state of knowledge pertaining to OHC post stroke. A literature search was conducted using the multiple databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, etc.). Combinations of multiple keywords were searched: oral, dental, health, care, hygiene, teeth, dentures, tooth brushing, stroke, cardiovascular health and cardiovascular disease. A grey literature search was also conducted. Articles included were those published in English between 1970 and July 2013, which focused on at least one aspect of OHC among a stroke population. For clinical trials, ≥50% of the sample must have sustained a stroke. In total, 60 articles met inclusion and focused on three primary area: (i) OHC Importance/Stroke Implications; (ii) Current Research; and (iii) Current Practice. It was found that OHC concerns are mainly related to mastication, dysphagia/nutrition, hygiene, prostheses and quality of life. Research indicates that there is limited specialised and individual care provided, and there are few assessment tools, guidelines and established protocols for oral health that are specific to the stroke population. Further, dental professionals' and nurses' knowledge of OHC is generally inadequate; hence, proper education for health professionals in acute and rehabilitation settings, patients, and caregivers has been discussed.
Tumor progression driven by pathways activating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors
Authors: Bodnar Magdalena , Szylberg Łukasz , Kazmierczak Wojciech , Marszalek Andrzej 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is still a problem worldwide. In some publications interactions between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) implicated during cancer progression were suggested.MethodsThe immunohistochemical staining using primary antibody against MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, and TIMP‐3 were performed. The research group consists of primary N(0) LSCC (20 cases), primary N(+) LSCC (17 cases), and 18 cases of normal mucosa.ResultsStudied MMPs and TIMPs were localized in tumor cells and tumor stroma compartment. MMP‐2 expression was higher in stroma compared to tumor cells. MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, and TIMP‐3 expression was higher in tumor cells than in tumor stroma (P < 0.05). In tumor stroma MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐3 expression, in LSCC N(0) vs. LSCC N(+) was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The ratios between MMP‐2 and TIMP‐3 expression were statistically significant (N(0) vs. N(+); P = 0.012). The analyses using classification trees predicted the probability of metastases according to TIMP‐3/MMP‐14/MMP‐2 and MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 expression levels.ConclusionsThe presence of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3 expression in tumor cells and in tumor stroma, and additionally different expression according to lymph node involvement suggested of their impact during cancer progression. The significant correlation between TIMP‐3 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases and MMP‐2 expression might suggest the importance of TIMP‐3 as a prognostic factor during tumor progression. The evaluation of molecular markers which participate in MMP‐2 activation pathway have a major impact during metastasis.