bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Hydrocarbon Potential in Jurassic (Hith - Gotnia) Over Burgan & Magwa Structures SE- Kuwait
Authors: Moustafa Alaa , Al-Wadi Meshal , Abu-Hebail Hanan , Amer Aimen , Li Inna , Maddipudi Venkateswara Rao , Nohut Omur 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Exploration in Kuwait have been conducted since 1934 with the opening of the Burgan field. Subsequent discovering new oilfields has left unattended Jurassic evaporitic Gotnia and Hith sequence that initially was considered as the main hydrocarbon seal for the underlying Jurassic reservoirs. This understanding has changed following the latest hydrocarbon discovery in Raudhatain field in the North of Kuwait.
In addition, the studied Gotnia and Hith formations are equivalent to the Arab Formation, which is the main oil-bearing stratum with highly porous limestone reservoirs, distributed in neighboring Saudi Arabia and UAE. The discovery in Raudhatain field could imply that the evaporites of Gotnia and Hith formations are part of the regional hydrocarbon play system within the Arabian Peninsula and it has opened up a huge opportunity for exploration and production of oil and gas from untapped reserves over entire Kuwait.
To continue investigation, detailed mapping of Gotnia and Hith sequences over Burgan and Magwa areas in SE of Kuwait showing the similar four-way closures as the Raudhatain field, which are dissected by set of faults NW-SE, E-W and N-S orientations. Fault system interpretation has been carried out with the help of seismic structural attribute analysis; detailed geological correlation of available well logs (limited openhole logs) allowed defining thin limestone layers in anhydrite and estimating their distribution through Burgan and Magwa structures.
Integrated G&G study has shown that most hydrocarbon potential in Gotnia and Hith formations is directly linked to limestone thicknesses. Thin limestone layers imbedded within the anhydrite units act as the reservoir, the main challenge is the estimation of these beds continuity from a seismic scale. Well logging in the mentioned formations was also challenge due to high pressure/temperature nature of these rocks but to date wireline logging has been adopted.
This study will show the workflows used in identifying and mapping the various hydrocarbon bearing units over Burgan and Magwa areas, which will make substantial contribution increasing the Jurassic hydrocarbon potential in Kuwait.
Successful Utilization of E-line Tractor in Horizontal, High Pressure and High Temperature Gas Wells
Authors: Al-Buali Muhammad Hamad , Al-Mulhim Abdullah Abdulmohsin , Sethi Neeraj , Sagr Hani Hatem , Solano Jose 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Growing gas resource exploitation in Saudi Arabia has increased activity in drilling deep, high pressure gas reservoirs with marginal to low permeability. Such wells generally require stimulation operations to induce production. To increase the reservoir contact area, a significant number of wells are constructed with long reach horizontal sections. Multistage fracture operations are primarily conducted using plug and perforation technology to establish reservoir connectivity and production. The stimulation work involves multidisciplinary teams conducting simultaneous operations in a limited workspace and time. The primary well intervention challenges include the following: Effective deployment of cement and casing inspection tools in the horizontal section.Safe, reliable, and efficient technology to convey the perforating bottom-hole assembly (BHA) to the target depths in the long horizontal section during some stages of the plug and perforation operations.Available, reliable, and readily deployable contingency perforating option for plug and perforation operations.
High-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) horizontal gas wells have traditionally been challenging for performing tractor operations because of reliability issues. Recent technical improvements have enhanced the operating range of the tractor, enabling more consistent and dependable operations in these environments.
Based on the experience of conducting several plug and perforation stimulation jobs in Saudi Arabia, the electric-line (e-line) tractor has proven to be a reliable and consistent well intervention solution. The tractor-conveyed cement evaluation tools have produced high quality interpretable data used to design the multistage fracture job. Post-fracture diagnostic work has also been successfully performed in the horizontal sections to evaluate tubular integrity, providing valuable information for future fracture design. Moreover, tractor-conveyed perforating has proven to be an effective solution for conducting stage-1 toe perforations in comparison to other options from several aspects. The option of contingency perforating in a closed system without fluid injectivity into the previously perforated stages has helped to maintain the continuity of operations. Successful tractor interventions have been performed in wells with more than 3,000 ft. of horizontal sections, total depth (TD) of more than 17,000 ft., temperatures greater than 325°F, and pressures greater than 10,000 psi.
This paper describes how the state-of-the-art technology has helped to meet the technical objectives of, and had a positive effect on, large rigless production enhancement.
Compact In-Line Bulk Water Removal Technologies - A Solution to the High Water Cut Challenges
Authors: Rehman Abdullah , Peeran Syed , Beg Dr Najam 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The natural depletion of reservoirs with increased water-cut and aging facilities has forced the oil and gas industry to improve methods and technologies for the ultimate hydrocarbon recovery. A compact patented in-line cyclonic separator, called the Wx, has been developed as a solution. The unit is a single passive device used to separate bulk-water from a water continuous (oil-water) mixture. It is capable of recovering up to 60% of inlet total water production at a quality of 1000 ppm or less. Wx technology has been extensively tested in the UK and has also been successfully deployed onshore and offshore in Norway.
This paper discusses how Wx oil/water compact separator can be used with existing technologies to address the issues of ‘High Water cuts’, in order to recover maximum hydrocarbons. It also discusses the performance of the Wx unit in terms of pressure drops, flow turn-down/turn-up, sensitivity to inlet water cut, tolerance to gas, separation quality including operation, control, capacity, applications and some of its key features.
Internal Corrosion Management Of Process Vessels
Authors: Bateman Colin , Blackwell David 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Managing the anticipated internal erosion and corrosion in process vessels is a challenging task for the equipment designer and operator. This paper discusses a number of alternative solutions and focuses on the use of organic lining technologies, reviewing material acceptance and performance criteria, application techniques and control and addresses issues commonly faced by the designers, applicators and ultimately the asset owner.
Chemical and Miscible Gas EOR Field Development Strategies Based on Integrated Surveillance Interpretation
Authors: Zwaan Marcel , Valdez Raul 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
At the early phases of EOR developments, small scale pilots are commonly used to obtain information of the EOR field development mechanisms. The lessons learnt from these early pilots are subsequently used to de-risk and improve the full field developments.
In initial phases, well and reservoir surveillance plays an important role to increase the understanding of the effectiveness of the EOR processes in the various reservoirs. Well-planned and executed reservoir surveillance has proven in the past to de-risk and optimise production and ultimate recovery from reservoirs significantly.
Successful projects are characterized by a high level of cross discipline integration.
This paper discusses the important field development decisions of Miscible Gas, and Chemical projects, that have been based on well and reservoir surveillance results that will be presented in this paper. A clear strategy is presented to select surveillance strategies dependent on the field development decisions that need to be taken.
Moreover, field case examples of these decisions are presented in the remainder of the paper.
For the chemical injection project in a clastic field a new workflow was developed to analyse well-tests of for polymer injection. The field management decisions to adapt rates, effective viscosities and change water treatment requirements are supported by an integrated modeling and surveillance effort. This fracture monitoring workflow plays a role in the regular pattern management evaluations to manage the field in a holistic manner.
Two examples of a miscible gas flood will be presented. In the first one, the pattern geometry of a miscible gas flood was changed from an inverted 9-spot to a line drive based on surveillance information. Additional development opportunities and reserves were identified through extensive surveillance, performance monitoring and data gathering pilots. In the second example, we present the field outline with a surveillance plan, with magnetic resonance and other new saturation tools. Moreover vertical conformance is demonstrated to be measurable through distributed temperature sensing.
Thermal EOR Field Development and Well and Reservoir Management
Authors: Zwaan Marcel , Lopez Jorge , Landman Anke-Jannie 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
At the early phases of EOR developments, small scale pilots are commonly used to obtain information of the EOR field development mechanisms. The lessons learnt from these early pilots are subsequently used to de-risk and improve the full field developments.
In initial phases, well and reservoir surveillance plays an important role to increase the understanding of the effectiveness of the EOR processes in the various reservoirs. Well-planned and executed reservoir surveillance has proven in the past to de-risk and optimise production and ultimate recovery from reservoirs significantly.
This paper discusses the important field development decisions in Thermal Injection projects, which have been based on well and reservoir surveillance results. A clear methodology is presented to select surveillance strategies dependent on the field development decisions that need to be taken.
Applications of Multifrequency Dielectric and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Measurements in the Burgan Field, Kuwait
Authors: Rashaid M.. , Mohamed A.. , Al-Ibrahim M.. , Naik V.. , Van Steene M.. , Sangani P.. , Eid K.. , Paramatikul R.. , Ayyad H.. , Jamal S.. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Greater Burgan field has been producing since 1946 from a series of highly permeable Cretaceous reservoirs. Recently, a series of more complex reservoirs has been reassessed using advanced logging and wireline formation tester (WFT) technologies.
The techniques employed in the reassessment include fluid-quality (viscosity and presence of tar) mapping using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) log data and shallow invasion measurements using multifrequency, multispacing dielectric data. In addition, the dielectric logs provide a direct measurement of the Archie m exponent in water zones. Improvements in formation evaluation achieved by integrating these results with conventional logs included better differentiation of moveable from residual hydrocarbon, identification of variations in formation water salinity, and maps of oil-quality variation versus depth and across the field.
These techniques were applied to three case studies. In the first case study, formation evaluation was conducted in an Upper Cretaceous carbonate formation of unknown water salinity. The combination of dielectric logs and NMR enabled identification of water-bearing and residual oil zones where formation water salinity could be determined. The analysis revealed increasing water salinity with depth. Dielectric logging also provided a direct evaluation of Archie's m exponent in the water zones, in the absence of special core analysis. The NMR highlights variations in oil quality from one well to another.
In the second case study, a viscous oil layer located in the middle of a water zone in a Middle Cretaceous reservoir was evaluated. Moveable oil was identified by radial oil saturation variation close to the borehole detected by the dielectric log measurement. The interpretation was verified by the first oil sample ever recovered in this layer.
In the final case study, in a Lower Cretaceous reservoir, dielectric measurements provided accurate estimates of residual oil saturation required for planning enhanced oil recovery projects.
The results obtained from the application of the multifrequency dielectric dispersion and diffusion-NMR as confirmed with WFT sampling bring new insight to the evaluation of challenging formations within the Burgan field.
Seismic Attributes & Wave Form Classification: An Emerging Tool for Exploration of Shallow Oil Play, Kuwait
Authors: Singavarapu Anjaneyulu , Singh Sunil Kumar , Al-Rashidi Sarah , Al-Ajmi Afrah , Al-Owihan Hanan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Summary
Lower Fars Formation of Middle Miocene age has become focus of exploration in North Kuwait area after the recent discovery of hydrocarbons in the North Western Kuwait. Being a shallow reservoir with depths ranging from 400ft to 1200ft, identifying and characterizing of this Lower Fars play with the sparse well data, lack of E-logs and with seismic data acquired for evaluating the deeper targets make this task highly challenging. A detailed analysis of the mapped structure with the hydrocarbon indications in Lower Fars Formation observed in the mud logs of wells drilled for deeper Jurassic targets in the study area indicates that the present day structural configuration has a limited role in these hydrocarbon accumulations and the play appear to be primarily strati-structural in nature. Keeping this in mind an integrated approach had been adopted in relating the seismic data with hydrocarbon indications in wells and subsequent correlation through a combination of seismic attributes as well as waveform classification. A suitable geologic model has been postulated with seismic and well analysis which has resulted in identifying a target area for exploration. The exploratory well drilled to validate the model had encountered hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs as predicted and successfully established the shallow Lower Fars play opening a large area for active exploration and development in North East Kuwait area. The integrated approach has validated the crucial role of seismic attributes, seismic facies analysis through waveform classification in defining reservoir geometry and hydrocarbon charging in a new area with limited well data.
High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy and Seismic Data Integration Aid on Achieving Successful Horizontal Wells in Challenging Wara and Upper Burgan Reservoirs of Minagish Field, Kuwait
Authors: El Gezeery T. M. , Ebaid A.. , Ismael A.. , Silambuchlvan J. K. , Padhy G. S. , Abdul-Latif A.. , Das O.. , Al-Anezi K.. , Elsherif A. I. , Ahmed A. M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Middle Cretaceous Upper Burgan and Wara sandstone reservoirs in the Minagish field are exhibiting variable clastic depositional settings ranging from fluvial, fluvio-tidal to tidal wave sands. The sand bodies are highly heterogeneous in terms of the stratigraphic architecture implying extensive lateral facies variations, stacked sand bodies and varying petrophysical properties. Modeling the target sand channels and optimizing subsurface well placement and geo-steering requires high resolution geological and seismic data integration in order to minimize uncertainities related to correlations of multiple auto-cyclic ravinement surfaces, channels geometry and sub-seismic fault network.
Within Upper Burgan and Wara sand bodies there are different lobes that have varying degree of minerals like glauconite, pyrite and hematite with other cementing materials such as calcite and dolomite. The presence of glauconite has a strong impact on petrophysical evaluation, whereas the presence of shale poses several challenges during geosteering.
Geostatistical modeling for sand distribution were integrated using seismic data, core and sedimentological models, electrofacies and petrophysical intrepretations. High resolution seismic data including pre-stack depth mighration and pre-stack simultaneous inversion have been utilized with well log curve shales and elastic impedance to trace accurately the good quality sand. High resolution sequence stratigraphic model were attempted on this complex Upper Burgan and Wara formations. The formation evaluation and geosteering challenges were addressed to ensure the successful drilling and completion of horizontal producers.
The wells drilled in this complex settings are geostreed with high definition inversion based distance to boundary technology having a higher precision and accuracy of resistivity contrasts. Formation capture cross section (sigma) saturation was of great value in "mixed lithologies" of Upper Burgan and Wara as resistivity frequently polarized from the proximity to bed boundaries and in these portions traditional resistivity logs proved ineffective for saturation evaluations. In addition the real time permeability estimation using spectroscopy analysis was very beneficial to ICD design.
A Comparative Analysis between Perforation Techniques Applied to a Super-Giant Depletion Oil Reservoir in North Kuwait for Productivity Effectiveness
Authors: Al-Ajmi Moudi Fahad , Omar Mohammad , Das Ghanashyam Mriganga , Elanany Sayed 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Raudhatain-Mauddud, a super-giant depletion oil reservoir in North Kuwait, consists primarily of two areas: the crest of the reservoir with good rock/fluid quality and the flank area with poor rock/fluid quality. In some areas of the reservoir, however, especially in the flanks, the rock attributes are not fully mapped. The typical perforation that is being followed while completing the wells in the flank area of the reservoir uses either wireline-conveyed perforation or the underbalance firing TCP shoot and pull technique. The wells are then often acid stimulated to improve the injectivity/productivity profile of the injector/producer wells, respectively.
A new approach involving the propellant-assisted perforation technique was applied in five wells in the flank area of the Raudhatain-Mauddud reservoir. The results show a significant improvement of injectivity/productivity. Because this technique was being used for the first time in this reservoir, and probably for the first time in Kuwait, several variations were tested to perforate these wells in the flank area of the Raudhatain-Mauddud reservoir.
The propellant-assisted perforation was initially performed in an underbalanced environment; results of the well post-workover were compared with simulation runs. In the second trial, these guns were fired in an overbalanced condition with an extra overbalance added by pumps over the hydrostatic, and the results after the workover of the well were compared with the simulation trials. Extending the encouraging results obtained in these trials, an innovative approach was tried when the normally used post-perforation treatment acid was used as an incompressible spearhead against the perforations. The results of this approach showed that this technique can provide an effective stimulation method across the perforated interval and eliminates the need of separate acid stimulation run, reducing rig time and costs. This paper presents the comparisons between the productivity/injectivity improvements for these wells in the flank area of the Raudhatain-Mauddud reservoir using these different approaches of the propellant-assisted perforation technique in different conditions.
Use of Distributed Temperature Sensors and Permanent Gauges in Shallow Wells to Monitor Real Time Fluid Movement to the Surface and Within the Well Bore
Authors: Gazi Naz H. , Al-Humoud Jamal , Kotecha Rohit , Al-Sabea Salem , Behera Prasanta , Attar Imad , Shafiq Muhammad , Al-Mutairi Fajhan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In the recent past four shallow wells were drilled in the Ahmadi Area and the purpose of these wells was to observe the fluid movement in these wells, either to the surface or communication between the zones in the down-hole. These unconventional wells were designed for unrestricted inflow of fluids into the wellbore as appreciable commercial flow was never expected.
The challenge was also to log the flow and pinpoint the fluid entry points. Conventional PLT tools were not suitable as spinners threshold velocity could not be achieved in such feeble flow. Research was done to find the most suitable tools and equipment that are available in the industry and most useful to this project at very shallow depths and in real-time monitoring. It was decided that the minor temperature variation against the contributing zone could be captured real-time by DTS (Distributed Temperature Sensors) and Permanent Down-hole Gauges will give the real-time pressure and temperature readings at the point of its installation in the wellbore. These data can be analyzed to quantify the flow contribution and fluids entry points. At this shallow depth the effect of diurnal temperature change was also a main factor.
The DTS and Permanent Down-hole Gauges were installed in all 4 wells, 3 of these are 250’ deep and the fourth well is 1000’ in depth. The performance of these tools gave very distinctive results that benefitted in the investigation of the fluid movement in these wells and in the surrounding. This paper and presentation will show the details of this project for the 4 wells and the installation and performance of these tools and how it benefitted the project. The real-time monitoring of these data and the challenges encountered will also shared.