bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alan Read. Theatre in the Expanded Field: Seven Approaches to Performance
Authors: Worthen W.B. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: This book concerns the relationship between performance studies and theatre studies, treated through seven approaches: “Pre-Historical and Archaeological,” “Pastoral and Anthropological,” Theological and Historical,” Digital and Technological,” Psychological and Legal,” “Social and Sensible,” “Tactical and Critical.” Wide-ranging in reference and dynamic in argument: recommended for advanced students and professional scholars.
Etude comparative des mesures à vin dans les Etats bourguignons au XVe siècle
Authors: Sommé Monique 
Published: June 2015

"A comparative study of wine measures in the Burgundian States in the XVth century".
The daily accounts of the Dukes of Burgundy allow to draw a comparative study of wine measures in the XVth century, since the barrels of wine bought in the different cities of the burgundian States were appraised first in the local gauge and then in the french gauge (the Paris gauge) wich was the referece measure. The large capacity units ("muid" or "aime") are in a simple ratio to the Paris "muid", being worth either one or one and a half French "muid". The number of "setiers" in a "muid" or "aime" can also be defined. The measures, once thus compared, are geographically grouped. Yet the attempts toward a metric conversion of these measures by the use of the tables of the end of the XVIIIth century do not allow to confirm exactly the equivalences admitted by the XVth century gaugers. Certain measures must then have varied between the XVth century and the XVIIIth century.
Jugements de conseils de guerre spéciaux de la Grande Armée à charge de conscrits du département de Jemappes, 1806 - 1809
Authors: Douxchamps-Lefèvre Cécile 
Published: June 2015

"Judgments passed on conscripts of the Jemmapes department by the special court-martials of the "Grande Armée" - 1806-1809".
The documents surveyed in this article consist in the minutes of 434 judgments passed between 1806 and 1809 by the special court-martials established in every regiment of the "Grande Armee" to judge the NCO's and soldiers of these bodies guilty of desertion. They were found in 1972 in the TOURNAI Law-court and are all related to deserters from the Tournai district. These minutes have all been delivered to the Tournai civil court in order that it might pronounce a judgment allowing the recovery of the 1 ,500 francs fine inflicted on every convict and pledged on his own or his relations' property.
This collection is unique in Belgium. It displays the working of the military law-courts, it witnesses the importance of the desertion movement at a time which was yet prosperous, and it shows the movements of the regiments and the individuality of officers and soldiers. In spite of its lacunar character it is a choice source for the study of military law-courts at Napoleonic times.
L'enquête de 1247 et les dommages de guerre en Tournaisis, en Flandre gallicante et en Artois
Authors: Sivéry Gérard 
Published: June 2015

Gérard Sivéry, The 1247 inquiry and the war damages in Tournaisis, Southern Flanders and Artois.
The inquiry of 1247, ordered by Saint Louis, often takes the form of claims for the reparation of war damages in the regions touched by the struggles of the first half of the XIII th century... This is the case of Southern Flanders, Artois and Tournaisis. 82% of the claims bear on the seizure of goods and hostages by Philippe Auguste and the paiment of heavy ransoms, the seizure and destruction of valuables, and military service expenses. A France of trade is thus revealed since the average claims are high . 3,900 Lb. t. in Flanders and Artois, against 56 Lb. t. in Normandy and less than 30 Lb. t. in Touraine and Languedoc.
Crimes et mutineries dans la maison centrale de Loos de 1822 à 1870
Authors: Boulinguiez Yves 
Published: June 2015

Yves Boulinguiez, Crimes and mutinies in the Loos County Gaol from 1822 to 1870.
The prisoners'life has seldom been spoken of and most of the studies hitherto written on the subject deal with the characterization of the penitentiary system. The aim of this article is to try and bring some light on one of the forms of protest used by the convicts in the County Gaol of Loos (Nord). Those protests concern the quality of food, the undertaking, and above all the penitentiary system itself. Thus prisoners, young ones in particular, commit crimes in order to be condemned to penal servitude or even death, both kinds of punishment looking preferable to life in a County Gaol whose monotony and discipline weighed heavily on them. This protest witnesses the utter inadaptation of the penitentiary system of the time .
La fécondité dans l'arrondissement de Lille au milieu du XIXème siècle
Authors: Spagnoli Paul-G. 
Published: June 2015

Paul G. Spagnoli, Fertility Patterns in the Arrondissement of Lille in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century.
High rates of overall fertility in the arrondissement of Lille, 1859—63, resulted from a combination of very high marital fertility, rather high illegitimate fertility, and quite low proportions married. An examination of fertility variations among the communes within the arrondissement shows that the region can be subdivided into two zones with differing fertility patterns, and suggests that rapid economic expansion and the persistence of the region's traditional culture account for the arrondissement 's high fertility rates. The interpretation of the area's high fertility in terms of the disruption, disorganization, and demoralization produced by industrialization is rejected.
Charité municipale et autorité publique au XVIe siècle : l'exemple de Lille
Authors: Saint-Cyr Duplessis Robert 
Published: June 2015

R. Duplessis, Municipal charity and public authority in the 16th century : the example of Lille.
Welfare reform in sixteenth-century Lille was provoked by disarray in existing charities, growing popular distress and social unrest. Designed and run by the municipal government, the revamped system obtained much revenue from donations and bequests. But only with new sources of income — sales taxes and annuities — could it provide for both the permanently destitute (orphans, the aged, the chronically ill) and victims of unemployment and high prices. Since indigence continued to be attributed to moral failings and temporary difficulties, little was done to attack its structural roots. Still, the aid given to between 5 and 10% of Lillois, and the centralized apparatus developed to collect and dispense it, not only helped to maintain political stability in a revolutionary period but significantly enhanced the power wielded by Lille's political elite.
Comment Bavai ne devint jamais une place forte aux XVIIème, XVIIIème et XIXème siècles (A l'occasion du 3ème centenaire du Rattachement du Hainaut à la France)
Authors: Biévelet Henri 
Published: June 2015

H. Biévelet, How Bavai did not become a fortified town in the XVII., XVIII. and XIX. centuries.
The little city of Bavai, the ancient capital of the Nervii was twice fortified. Once at the time of the Lower Empire and another time in the Middle Ages. One could have expected then Vauban to strengthen these fortifications in order to include Bavai in the defensive system of the Northern side of the "square field". On the contrary the famous military engineer declared the thing impossible because of topographical and technical obstacles and water supply problems. Roughly the same reasons were advanced by engineer officers in 1774 and 1824.
Aperçus sur la zone réservée
Authors: Dejonghe Étienne 
Published: June 2015

E. Dejonghe, Kort overzicht van de "Gereserveerde zone".
Wat het Noorden van Frankrijk karakteriseert, is de snelheid van de nationale heropleving na de nederlaag, hetgeen met name wordt uitgedrukt door een machtige Engelsgezinde stroming die uitzonderlijk is voor het Frankrijk van toen. Er zijn drie hoofdredenen aan te wijzen voor dit verschijnsel : de omstandigheden van de invasie die aan de situatie in 1914 doen denken, de ruwheid van de bezetter die een regime oplegt dat veel strenger is dan dat van België of van de militaire zone van Parijs, en het isolement tenslotte, het gevoel in de steek gelaten te worden dat de bevolking koestert.
Het eerste jaar van de bezetting is inderdaad voor het Noorden een tijd vol onzekerheden. Het is de tijd waarin het gevaar van een annexatie dreigt en waarin de separatistische politiek van het commando in Brussel bevestigd lijkt. Maar werd het gevaar op dezelfde wijze gevoeld door de centrale macht, door de notabelen in de provincie, en door het gewone volk, dat ondergîng zonder te weten ? Was men overal onderworpen aan dezelfde dwangmaatregelen ?
Dit artikel probeert uit te leggen waarom het oorspronkelijke patriotisme niet verenigend werkte, hoe ondanks dit patriotisme en juist erdoor nieuwe scheuringen ontstonden.
De notabelen vormden niet, zoals in 1914, het redmiddel, de oorlog heeft immers de roi gespeeld van een vergrotende spiegel van de sociale ongelijkheden, en het geschilpunt tussen de klassen verergerd.
Deze interferentie van het nationaal gevoel en de sociale strijd lijkt, hetzij deze elkaar versterkten, hetzij ze elkaar neutraliseerden, één van de sleutels te zijn tot een beter begrip van de période 1930-1948.
Les syndicats chrétiens du Nord de la France de 1940 à 1944
Authors: Launay Michel 
Published: June 2015

Michel LAUNAY, De christelijke vakbonden in het Noorden van Frankrijk tegenover de Wet op de Arbeidf 1941-1944).
De christelijke vakbonden in het Noorden van Frankrijk stonden niet in het bijzonder vijandig tegenover de regering van Vichy op zichzelf, maar de afschaffing van de vakbonden in 1940 en vooral de publicatie van de Wet op de Arbeid in 1941 hebben deze vakbonden zich tegen het regime doen keren. De enige vakbond, ruggegraat van de hervorming van de sociale betrekkingen, kon geen steun van de C.F.T.C. (franse bond van christelijke arbeiders) krijgen, omdat deze laatste vanaf z'n oprichting altijd, soms heftig, had moeten strijden ter verdediging van z'n eigen identiteit tegenover de machtige C.G.T. (algemene arbeiders bond).
De christelijke vakbonden van het Noorden hebben in hun strijd voor een herziening van de Wet aldoor de steun ondervonden van kardinaal Liénart, bisschop van Lille. De sterke per- soonlijkheden die de leiders ervan waren, Charlemagne Broutin en Georges Torcq, hebben eveneens niet weinig bijgedragen tot het bepalen van de positie van de christelijke vakbonden tegenover de vakbond van de staat.
In de kontakten die door heel Frankrijk met de verschillende zones plaatsgevonden hebben, hebben de christelijke vakbonden drie standpunten ingenomen : één van openlijke vijand- schap tegenover Vichy om vooral ideologische en politieke redenen, dit is het standpunt van de christelijke vakbonden van de zuidelijke zone ; een ander om systematisch samen jte werken met de autoriteiten van Vichy, dit als standpunt van de christelijke vakbonden uit de stxeek rond Parijs ; tenslotte stelden de christelijke vakbonden van Noord -Frankrijk zich op op een uitgekiende mid- denpositie, met de bedoeling om maarschalk Pétain te brengen tot een herziening van de eerste tekst van de Wet in een libérale en pluralistische richting.
De strakheid van het regime en diens weigeren van samenspraak met de christelijke vakbonden heeft in juni 1943 de groepering van bijna allé vakbonden uitgelokt op een duidelijk en definitief vijandelijk standpunt. In deze strijd tegen het regime van Vichy hebben de christelijke vakbonden in Noord-Frankrijk van een exemplair gedrag blijk gegeven.
Polyfunctional, Pathogenic CD161+ Th17 Lineage Cells Are Resistant to Regulatory T Cell–Mediated Suppression in the Context of Autoimmunity
Authors: Basdeo Sharee A. , Moran Barry , Cluxton Deborah , Canavan Mary , McCormick Jennifer , Connolly Mary , Orr Carl , Mills Kingston H. G. , Veale Douglas J. , Fearon Ursula , Fletcher Jean M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), regulatory T cells (Tregs) fail to constrain autoimmune inflammation; however, the reasons for this are unclear. We investigated T cell regulation in the RA joint. Tregs from RA synovial fluid suppressed autologous responder T cells; however, when compared with Tregs from healthy control peripheral blood, they were significantly less suppressive. Despite their reduced suppressive activity, Tregs in the RA joint were highly proliferative and expressed FOXP3, CD39, and CTLA-4, which are markers of functional Tregs. This suggested that the reduced suppression is due to resistance of RA synovial fluid responder T cells to Treg inhibition. CD161+ Th17 lineage cells were significantly enriched in the RA joint; we therefore investigated their relative susceptibility to Treg-mediated suppression. Peripheral blood CD161+ Th cells from healthy controls were significantly more resistant to Treg-mediated suppression, when compared with CD161- Th cells, and this was mediated through a STAT3-dependant mechanism. Furthermore, depletion of CD161+ Th cells from the responder T cell population in RA synovial fluid restored Treg-mediated suppression. In addition, CD161+ Th cells exhibited pathogenic features, including polyfunctional proinflammatory cytokine production, an ability to activate synovial fibroblasts, and to survive and persist in the inflamed and hypoxic joint. Because CD161+ Th cells are known to be enriched at sites of autoinflammation, our finding that they are highly proinflammatory and resistant to Treg-mediated suppression suggests an important pathogenic role in RA and other autoimmune diseases.
Perceptions of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Athletic Trainers on Motherhood and Work-Life Balance: Individual- and Sociocultural-Level Factors
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. 
Published: June 2015

Context A multilevel model of work-life balance (WLB) has been established in the sports management literature to explain interactions among organizational/structural, individual, and sociocultural factors and their effects on individual responses and attitudes toward WLB. These factors influence experiences and outcomes related to WLB.Objective To examine individual and sociocultural factors that may influence perceptions of female athletic trainers (ATs) employed in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting, particularly any sex-specific influences.Design Qualitative study.Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I.Patients or Other Participants A total of 27 women (14 single with no children, 6 married with no children, 7 married with children) currently employed as full-time ATs in the Division I setting participated.Data Collection and Analysis Participants responded to a series of open-ended questions via reflective journaling. Data were examined using a general inductive approach. Trustworthiness was established by multiple-analyst triangulation, member interpretive review, and peer review.Results Participants recognized that their sex played a role in assessing WLB and a long-term career as an AT. In addition, they identified various individual- and sociocultural-level factors that affected their perceptions of WLB and attitudes toward a career goal.Conclusions Our data suggested that female ATs may hold traditional sex ideologies of parenting and family roles, which may influence their potential for career longevity.
Letselschade: de hypothetische situatie zónder ongeval
Authors: Kolder A. 
Published: June 2015

Letselschade: de hypothetische situatie zónder ongeval
Ter vaststelling van personenschade dient steeds zowel de situatie mét als de situatie zónder ongeval in kaart te worden gebracht, om vervolgens op basis van het verschil de (financiële) schade te kunnen begroten. In deze bijdrage wordt een nadere verfijning bepleit van het reeds door de Hoge Raad in ‘standaardrechtspraak’ ontwikkelde ‘traditionele’ normatieve kader ter begroting van personenschade. Betoogd wordt voortaan bij vaststellingen omtrent de situatie zónder ongeval nadrukkelijk(er) onderscheid te maken tussen de binnen en buiten ‘de persoon’ van het slachtoffer gelegen aspecten daarvan. Gelet op de ter bepaling van de fictieve toekomst van ieder letselschadeslachtoffer aan te leggen ‘redelijkheidstoets’ kunnen beide aspecten namelijk niet over één kam worden geschoren.
Een reactie op ‘Causaal verband in whiplashzaken: een beschouwing vanuit juridisch en medisch perspectief’ van P. Oskam & A.M. Reitsma
Authors: Schultz J.F. 
Published: June 2015

Een reactie op ‘Causaal verband in whiplashzaken: een beschouwing vanuit juridisch en medisch perspectief’ van P. Oskam & A.M. Reitsma
Een discussie over de schaderegeling bij whiplashzaken (WAD graad I en II) zou als uitgangspunt moeten hebben dat de slachtoffers erkend worden in hun (soms ook blijvende) klachten en beperkingen. Het is bekend dat in deze zaken een (aantoonbaar) medisch substraat ontbreekt, maar dat betekent niet dat de klachten niet reëel zijn of daardoor niet aan een ongeval kunnen worden toegerekend. Als de klachten een zekere ernst hebben, dan kunnen daaruit ook beperkingen voor bijvoorbeeld het verrichten van arbeid voortvloeien gedurende een lange looptijd. In juridisch opzicht is de ‘whiplashdiscussie’ al gevoerd: deze heeft (te) kort gezegd in het voordeel van het slachtoffer uitgepakt. Daarmee zijn we er echter nog niet: we zouden moeten proberen de schaderegeling in deze kwesties te verbeteren.
Free Geospatial Data and Quality: Implications for Users, Contributors and Distributors
Authors: de Rijcke Izaak , Mills Megan 
Published: June 2015

Geospatial data is widely available and used by a broad range of users for a wide range of purposes—from government planning for service delivery to directions on how to get to a coffee shop. What, if any, duties and standards of care are owed to users of geospatial data by the provider? This is a question complicated by a growing trend toward volunteer geographic information (or VGI) that is itself part of the broader trend of user generated content whereby the users of data contribute geographic data and create a wide range of value-added products based on available data. This paper is a companion piece to the article authored by Katherine Plante and Marc Gervais entitled “Geospatial Data Quality Guarantee.” Plante and Gervais provide an overview of geospatial data quality guarantees in the legal context of the Quebec Civil Code. This paper, in contrast, looks at similar concepts, but from the perspective of the common law in Canada and drawing at times from other common law jurisdictions.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed meta‐CH Olefination: Constructing Multisubstituted Arenes through Homo‐Diolefination and Sequential Hetero‐Diolefination
Authors: Bera Milan , Maji Arun , Sahoo Santosh K. , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDivinylbenzene derivatives represent an important class of molecular building blocks in organic chemistry and materials science. Reported herein is the palladium‐catalyzed synthesis of divinylbenzenes by meta‐CH olefination of sulfone‐based arenes. Successful sequential olefinations in a position‐selective manner provided a novel route for the synthesis of hetero‐dialkenylated products, which are difficult to access using conventional methods. Additionally, 1,3,5‐trialkenylated compounds can be generated upon successful removal of the directing group.
Recruitment and Immobilization of a Fluorinated Biomarker Across an Interfacial Phospholipid Film using a Fluorocarbon Gas
Authors: Yang Guang , O'Duill Miriam , Gouverneur Véronique , Krafft Marie Pierre 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPerfluorohexane gas when introduced in the air atmosphere above a film of phospholipid self‐supported on an aqueous solution of C2F5‐labeled compounds causes the recruitment and immobilization of the latter in the interfacial film. When the phospholipid forms a liquid‐condensed Gibbs monolayer, which is the case for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the C2F5‐labeled molecule remains trapped in the monolayer after removal of F‐hexane. Investigations involve bubble profile analysis tensiometry (Gibbs films), Langmuir monolayers and microbubble experiments. The new phenomenon was utilized to incorporate a hypoxia biomarker, a C2F5‐labeled nitrosoimidazole (EF5), in microbubble shells. This finding opens perspectives in the delivery of fluorinated therapeutic molecules and biomarkers.
in situ synthesis of biopolyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Vennerberg Danny , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBiopolyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with silane‐modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (s‐MWCNT) were successfully prepared. The carbon nanotube surfaces were modified by means of functional amine groups via ozone oxidation followed by silanization. The surface structure of the s‐MWCNTs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The s‐MWCNTs were incorporated into a vegetable oil‐based polyurethane (PU) network via covalent bonding to prepare PU nanocomposites. The effect of s‐MWCNT loading on the morphology, thermomechanical, and tensile properties of the PU nanocomposites was studied. It was determined that the s‐MWCNTs were dispersed effectively in the polymer matrix and that they improved the interfacial strength between the reinforcing nanotubes and the polymer matrix. Storage modulus, glass transition temperature, Young's modulus, and tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased with increasing s‐MWCNT loading up to 0.8%. However, increasing the s‐MWCNT content to 1.2 wt % resulted in a decrease in thermomechanical properties of the PU nanocomposites. This effect was attributed to the fact that at high s‐MWCNT contents, the increased number of amine groups competed with the polyol's hydroxyl groups for isocyanate groups, causing a decrease in the integrity of the PU matrix. High s‐MWCNT contents also facilitated aggregation of the nanotubes, causing a decrease in thermomechanical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42515.
Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and anchor worms (Lernaea cyprinacea) found on sea trout (Salmo trutta) in the River Minho catchment, an important area for conservation in NW Spain
Authors: Bao M. , Costal D. , Garci M. E. , Pascual S. , Hastie L. C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

The International Stretch of the River Minho (ISRM), in NW Spain, is an important area for marine and freshwater conservation. It constitutes the southern limit of distribution of migratory sea trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), where their populations are considered as vulnerable and endangered, respectively.
A sample of sea trout from the River Minho catchment (NW Spain) was examined for ectoparasites.
Sea lice (Lepeoptheirus salmonis) were found on 10/113 fish (9%). Infection levels ranged from 0–8 lice/fish. Anchor worms (Lernaea cyprinacea) were also found, on three fish (3%).
Lice identifications were confirmed by taxonomic and molecular analysis. This is the first time the presence of L. salmonis has been confirmed in NW Iberia.
The confirmed presence of these parasites will inform conservation agencies, wild fisheries and sustainable aquaculture initiatives in this important area.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability Margin Determination of Linear Discrete‐Time Systems Described By Fuzzy Convex Sets Uncertainty
Authors: Hallaji Majid , Zare Assef 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method for determining the stability margin of uncertain linear discrete‐time systems with uncertainty described by fuzzy convex sets. Nonsymmetrical triangular membership functions describing the uncertainty of characteristic polynomial coefficients are considered. This method is based on transformation of the uncertain discrete systems to the continuous time area and generalization of Kharitonov theorem for determining the uncommon minimum confidence level that guarantees stability of the system.