bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal calprotectin as a non‐invasive marker of Crohn's disease in anal fistulas
Authors: Perregaard Helene , Pust Freja , Nordholm‐Carstensen Andreas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimFaecal calprotectin (FC) is a noninvasive marker that reflects intestinal inflammation with good sensitivity. A prior study indicated that FC values above 150 μg/g could distinguish between anal fistulas (AF) of cryptoglandular or Crohn's disease (CD) origin. It is hypothesized as a useful triage test to rule out CD in newly referred AF patients, thus reducing the number of ileocolonoscopies performed and optimizing treatment regimens in AF while minimizing patient discomfort as well as healthcare costs. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of FC in distinguishing between anal fistulas of cryptoglandular and CD origin, as well as compare characteristics in fistulas.MethodPatients referred with anal fistula who had an FC measurement and either ileocolonoscopy or colonoscopy within 12 weeks were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were registered. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as well as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy.ResultsA total of 63 patients were included (CD n = 31, 49%). FC was significantly higher in CD compared to cryptoglandular fistulas, even when CD was medically treated or had no luminal activity on endoscopy. FC ≥110 μg/g was significantly associated with CD (OR 12.5; 95% CI: 3.77–41.4) p < 0.0001. This was found by plotting a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with AUC 80.8 (95% CI: 0.6952–0.9217). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.76 and 0.80, respectively (PPV 76%, NPV 80% and accuracy 78%).ConclusionFC discriminates CD from cryptoglandular fistulas, even in medically treated CD with normal endoscopic findings.
A Reconceptualization of Schooling and Teaching: A Renewed Interest in Bildung‐Oriented Didaktik and Transactional Realism
Authors: Vogt Bettina , Wahlström Ninni 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to the ongoing scholarly conversation about education through the lenses of the German philosophy of Bildung and the American philosophy of pragmatism. More concretely, in this article, the two philosophies are represented by the traditions of critical‐constructive Didaktik, based on Wolfgang Klafki's work, and transactional realism, based on John Dewey's. Against the background of the widespread outcomes‐based modes of education today, the authors seek to shed light on the necessary reconceptualization of schooling and teaching and to explore the possibilities for constructive routes forward for curriculum theorizing. They outline the aspects of knowledge and the learning concepts that the two philosophies share and those about which they differ. The authors also analyze the consequences that these similarities and differences have for the educational approaches of critical‐constructive Didaktik and transactional realism. Finally, the authors present an empirical example from a Swedish year‐eight classroom, drawing conclusions based on their findings and considering corresponding implications about the two traditions' potential to contribute to an understanding of teaching as a pedagogical responsibility.
Pollinators differentially respond to local and landscape grassland features
Authors: Lichtenberg Elinor M. , Heiser Jaclyn , Baum Kristen A. , Neff John L. , Jha Shalene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Predicting how habitat composition alters communities of mobile ecosystem service providers remains a major challenge in community ecology. This is partially because separate taxonomic groups that provide the same service may respond uniquely to changes in habitat and associated resource availability. Further, the spatial scale at which habitat features impact each group can vary. Failure to account for these differences significantly limits the ability to quantify shared versus contrasting responses to habitat for important ecosystem service‐providing groups.
We investigated the impacts of local (habitat patch level) and landscape features in the US Southern Great Plains on groups of pollinating insects with different basic biologies: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Habitat features included local flower and shelter resources as well as landscape‐scale semi‐natural habitat.
We found that bare ground supported more Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera but fewer Diptera, while more diverse flower communities supported more Hymenoptera but fewer Coleoptera. Interestingly, given that this study occurred in a grassland system, forest cover in the surrounding landscape more strongly affected pollinator diversity than grassland cover did. Landscapes with more woodland had higher Coleoptera and Diptera richness.
Our results highlight that pollinator conservation and sustainable land management depend on understanding the habitat needs, including shelter, of diverse pollinators. Because taxa can have opposite responses to specific habitat features or scales, providing a range of grassland management practices (e.g., variety in the timing and type of biomass removal) may be the most effective approach to support the broader pollinator community.
Feature Screening for Ultrahigh Dimensional Mixed Data via Wasserstein Distance
Authors: Tian Bing , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThis article develops a novel feature screening procedure for ultrahigh dimensional mixed data based on Wasserstein distance, termed as Wasserstein‐SIS. To handle the mixture of continuous and discrete data, we use Wasserstein distance as a new marginal utility to measure the difference between the joint distribution and the product of marginal distributions. In theory, we establish the sure screening property under less restrictive assumptions on data types. The proposed procedure does not require model specification, gives a more effective geometric measure to compare the discrepancy between distributions and avoids introducing biases caused by the choice of slicing rules for continuous data. Numerical comparison indicates that the proposed Wasserstein‐SIS method performs better than existing methods in various models. A real data application also validates the better practicability of Wasserstein‐SIS.
Dental Calculus Formation Rate: The Role of Salivary Proteome and Metaproteome
Authors: Cai Wenji , Dubreuil Nadia , Abu Nada Lina , Zhou Wen Bo Sam , Basiri Tayebeh , Hadad Amir , Charde Priti , Ducret Maxime , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDental calculus accumulation varies across individuals. While various factors contribute to its accumulation, the role of salivary composition remains underexplored. This study aims to compare individuals suffering from rapid rates of dental calculus formation rates with those having slow formation rates in terms of salivary electrochemical properties as well as its proteomic, metaproteomic and elemental composition.MethodsA total of 26 patients with a history of dental calculus were recruited. Saliva samples were collected and evaluated for electrochemical properties as well as elemental, proteomic and metaproteomic composition. Patients were provided scaling treatment to remove all calculus. Six months after the dental cleaning patients were re‐assessed for the presence of dental calculus. Based on the dental calculus formation rate participants were categorised into slow (57.7%) and rapid calculus formers (42.3%) that were then assessed for differences in salivary composition.ResultsRapid calculus formers exhibited a more neutral zeta‐potential and lower concentration of salivary calcium ions than their slow‐forming counterparts. Proteomic analysis identified 895 proteins across all samples. Of these, 38 proteins were exclusive to the rapid formation group, while 24 proteins were specific to the slow group. The rapid group demonstrated augmented pathways related to cell binding (e.g., cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPase and integrin signalling), inflammatory mediation (e.g., chemokine and cytokine signalling) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., 5‐Hydroxytryptamine degradation, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease) and significant enrichment in peptidase inhibitor activity. In contrast, the slow group demonstrated enrichment mainly in immune response. Metaproteomic analysis for salivary bacteria showed significant predominance of Streptococci in the rapid group and elevated levels of Rothia in the slow group.ConclusionThe saliva of patients with rapid calculus formation rates differs from that of patients with slow rates of calculus formation in terms of electrochemical properties as well as proteomic, metaproteomic and elemental composition.
The Effectiveness of Telehealth Self‐Management Interventions to Improve the Health Outcomes of Adults Undergoing Haemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ng Si Xian , Tang Lian Kwang , Turunen Hannele , Pikkarainen Minna , Dong Yanhong , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHaemodialysis is a life‐sustaining treatment for patients suffering from advanced chronic kidney disease that persists without respite. Adherence to complex haemodialysis regimens demands rigorous self‐management. Current literature has suggested the potential of novel telehealth technologies in supporting the self‐management of haemodialysis patients, but this remains inconclusive.AimTo synthesise available evidence to determine the effectiveness of telehealth self‐management interventions on the health outcomes of adults undergoing haemodialysis.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis (reported according to the PRISMA Guidelines).MethodsNine electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global), trial registries and grey literature were searched from inception till 1 December 2023 for randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of telehealth self‐management interventions for haemodialysis patients. Two independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction and risk‐of‐bias appraisal using Cochrane RoB tool‐1. Meta‐analyses using Review Manager Web synthesised the interventional effects. Cochrane GRADE assessed the overall quality of evidence.ResultsFifteen randomised controlled trials (involving 1003 participants) were included. Telehealth self‐management interventions had a medium statistically significant effect on improving self‐efficacy (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI [0.25, 0.83], Z = 3.69, p = 0.0002). Additional meta‐analyses for the outcomes of knowledge, treatment adherence, health‐related quality of life, inter‐dialytic weight gain and serum electrolyte levels were non‐statistically significant but appeared promising to be improved by telehealth self‐management. The overall certainty of evidence for all outcomes was very low.ConclusionsThis review provided insights into the clinical importance of telehealth self‐management interventions in self‐efficacy enhancement among haemodialysis patients. Future researchers are encouraged to optimise telehealth components relevant to the worldwide needs and cultural diversity of adults undergoing haemodialysis.Implication for Professional CareAdoption of technological healthcare delivery is vital in establishing positive health outcomes and sustainability of routine patient care pathways.Patient or Public ContributionNone.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42024438860
Seasonality and interannual stability in the population genetic structure of Batrachospermum gelatinosum (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Shainker‐Connelly Sarah , Stoeckel Solenn , Vis Morgan L. , Crowell Roseanna M. , Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTemporal population genetic studies have investigated evolutionary processes, but few have characterized reproductive system variation. Yet, temporal sampling may improve our understanding of reproductive system evolution through the assessment of the relative rates of selfing, outcrossing, and clonality. In this study, we focused on the monoicous, haploid‐diploid freshwater red alga Batrachospermum gelatinosum. This species has a perennial, microscopic diploid phase (chantransia) that produces an ephemeral, macroscopic haploid phase (gametophyte). Recent work focusing on single‐time point genotyping suggested high rates of intragametophytic selfing, although there was variation among sites. We expand on this work by genotyping 191 gametophytes sampled from four sites that had reproductive system variation based on single‐snapshot genotyping. For this study, we sampled at multiple time points within and among years. Results from intra‐annual data suggested shifts in gametophytic genotypes throughout the season. We hypothesize that this pattern is likely due to the seasonality of the life cycle and the timing of meiosis among the chantransia. Interannual patterns were characterized by consistent genotypic and genetic composition, indicating stability in the prevailing reproductive system through time. Yet, our study identified limits by which available theoretical predictions and analytical tools can resolve reproductive system variation using haploid data. There is a need to develop new analytical tools to understand the evolution of sex by expanding our ability to characterize the spatiotemporal variation in reproductive systems across diverse life cycles.
“I'd Rather Be Alone.” Examining the Interactive Effects of Social Proximity and Social Preference on Suicidal Thinking
Authors: Brown Sarah L. , Scott Lori N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionEmerging and young adulthood is associated with heightened risk for suicide, with interpersonal factors potentially exerting disproportionate effects during this critical life stage. Research examining the interplay of subjective and objective interpersonal factors for suicide ideation (SI) in daily life is limited.MethodsDynamic structural equation models were used to analyze ecological momentary assessment data (21 days; 7 semi‐random daily surveys) in a sample of at‐risk young adults (N = 140) to test within‐person main and interactive effects of objective social proximity (alone vs. not alone) and subjective social preference (desire to be alone or with others) on SI severity concurrently and prospectively over 2‐h intervals in daily life.ResultsPreferring to be alone (while alone or with others) was associated with intraindividual near‐term increases in SI severity, whereas preferring to be with others (while alone or with others) was associated with near‐term decreases in SI severity.ConclusionsBeing with others can be either a risk or protective factor for near‐term SI severity depending on whether the present company is desired. Considering multiple interpersonal factors combined may be necessary to understand and treat SI as these factors may either buffer or confer greater near‐term risk depending on other factors.
Systematics and biogeography of the Holarctic dragonfly genus Somatochlora (Anisoptera: Corduliidae)
Authors: Goodman Aaron , Abbott John , Breinholt Jesse W. , Bybee Seth , Frandsen Paul B. , Guralnick Rob , Kalkman Vincent J. , Kohli Manpreet , Newton Lacie , Ware Jessica L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe striped emeralds (Somatochlora Selys) are a Holarctic group of medium‐sized metallic green dragonflies that mainly inhabit bogs and seepages, alpine streams, lakes, channels and lowland brooks. With 42 species they are the most diverse genus within Corduliidae (Odonata: Anisoptera). Systematic, taxonomic and biogeographic resolution within Somatochlora remains unclear, with numerous hypotheses of relatedness based on wing veins, male claspers (epiproct and paraprocts) and nymphs. Furthermore, Somatochlora borisi was recently described as a new genus (Corduliochlora) based on 17 morphological characters, but its position with respect to Somatochlora is unclear. We present a phylogenetic reconstruction of Somatochlora using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) sequences of 40/42 Somatochlora species (including Corduliochlora borisi). Our data recover the monophyly of Somatochlora, with C. borisi recovered as sister to the remaining Somatochlora. We also recover three highly supported clades and one of mixed support; this lack of resolution is most likely due to incomplete lineage sorting, third‐codon position saturation based on iterative analyses run on variations of our dataset and hybridization. Furthermore, we constructed a dataset for all species based on 20 morphological characters from the literature which were used to evaluate phylogenetic groups recovered with molecular data; the data support the validity of Corduliochlora as a genus distinct from Somatochlora. Finally, divergence time estimation and biogeographic analysis indicate Somatochlora originated in the Western North Hemisphere during the Miocene, with three dispersal events to the Eastern North Hemisphere (11, 7 and 5 Ma, respectively) across the Beringian Land Bridge.
Variations in Atmospheric N
2
O Concentration During Abrupt Climatic Changes
Authors: Flückiger J. , Dällenbach A. , Blunier T. , Stauffer B. , Stocker T. F. , Raynaud D. , Barnola J.-M. 
Published: July 2002

Nitrous oxide (N
2
O) is an important greenhouse gas that is presently increasing at a rate of 0.25 percent per year. Records measured along two ice cores from Summit in Central Greenland provide information about variations in atmospheric N
2
O concentration in the past. The record covering the past millennium reduces the uncertainty regarding the preindustrial concentration. Records covering the last glacial-interglacial transition and a fast climatic change during the last ice age show that the N
2
O concentration changed in parallel with fast temperature variations in the Northern Hemisphere. This provides important information about the response of the environment to global climatic changes.
Efficacies of Two New Antifungal Agents, the Triazole Ravuconazole and the Echinocandin LY-303366, in an Experimental Model of Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Roberts Jenna , Schock Kathleen , Marino Susan , Andriole Vincent T. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of ravuconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, and the echinocandin LY-303366 were evaluated in an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. Oral therapy with ravuconazole at a dosage of 30 mg/kg of body weight per day or the echinocandin LY-303366, given intravenously in a dosage of 5 or 10 mg/kg, was begun 24 h after a lethal or sublethal challenge, and results were compared with those for amphotericin B therapy and untreated controls. Prophylaxis was also studied with LY-303366 given at a dosage of 5 or 10 mg/kg/day 48 h before lethal or sublethal challenge. Ravuconazole eliminated mortality, cleared aspergillus antigen from the serum, and eliminated
Aspergillus fumigatus
organisms from tissues of both lethally and sublethally challenged immunosuppressed animals with invasive aspergillosis. Although LY-303366, at both doses, prolonged survival and reduced aspergillus antigenemia, it did not eliminate aspergillus organisms from organ tissues. The half-lives of ravuconazole and LY-303366 in rabbits were 13 and 12.5 h, respectively, and no accumulation of either drug was seen after 6 days of treatment. Although LY-303366 showed activity in this rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis, ravuconazole was the more active agent, comparable to amphotericin B. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential of ravuconazole for use in the treatment of this infection.
Efficacy of the Cyclodextrin Liquid Preparation of Itraconazole in Treatment of Denture Stomatitis: Comparison with Itraconazole Capsules
Authors: Cross L. J. , Bagg J. , Aitchison T. C. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the efficacy of a cyclodextrin solution of itraconazole in the treatment of
Candida
-associated denture stomatitis. It was found that the liquid and capsule preparations of itraconazole were equally effective adjuncts in the treatment of this condition. However, the side effect profile indicates that capsules are the preferred formulation.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Gentamicin Encapsulated in pH-Sensitive Liposomes against an In Vivo
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Intracellular Infection Model
Authors: Cordeiro Carol , Wiseman David J. , Lutwyche Peter , Uh Mitchell , Evans Jennifer C. , Finlay B. Brett , Webb Murray S. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Encapsulation of gentamicin in liposomes can be used to achieve intracellular delivery and broaden the clinical utility of this drug. We have previously described a novel, rationally designed, pH-sensitive liposomal carrier for gentamicin that has superior in vitro efficacy against intracellular infections compared to the efficacies of both free gentamicin and non-pH-sensitive liposomal controls. This liposomal carrier demonstrated pH-sensitive fusion that was dependent on the presence of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and the pH-sensitive lipid
N
-succinyldioleoyl-PE. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the free and liposomal gentamicin were examined in mice bearing a systemic
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium infection. Encapsulation of gentamicin in pH-sensitive liposomes significantly increased the concentrations of the drug in plasma compared to those of free gentamicin. Furthermore, the levels of accumulation of drug in the infected liver and spleen were increased by 153- and 437-fold, respectively, as a result of liposomal encapsulation. The increased accumulation of gentamicin in the liver and spleen effected by liposomal delivery was associated with 10
4
-fold greater antibacterial activity than that associated with free gentamicin in a murine salmonellosis model. These pH-sensitive liposomal antibiotic carriers with enhanced in vitro activity could be used to improve both in vivo intracellular drug delivery and biological activity.
Assignment of the Substrate-Selective Subunits of the MexEF-OprN Multidrug Efflux Pump of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Maseda Hideaki , Yoneyama Hiroshi , Nakae Taiji 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
expresses a low level of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and shows natural resistance to many structurally and functionally diverse antibiotics. The mutation that has been referred to previously as
nfxC
expresses an additional efflux pump, MexEF-OprN, exhibiting resistance to fluoroquinolones, imipenem, and chloramphenicol and hypersusceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. To address the antibiotic specificity of the MexEF-OprN efflux pump, we introduced a plasmid carrying the
mexEF-oprN
operon into
P. aeruginosa
lacking the
mexAB-oprM
operon. The transformants exhibited resistance to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol but, unlike most
nfxC
-type mutants, did not show β-lactam hypersusceptibility. The transformants exhibited additional resistance to tetracycline. In the next experiment, we analyzed the MexEF-OprN pump subunit(s) responsible for substrate selectivity by expressing MexE, MexF, OprN, and MexEF in strains lacking MexA, MexB, OprM, and MexAB, respectively. The MexEF-OprM/ΔMexAB transformants exhibited MexEF-OprN-type pump function that rendered the strains resistant to fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol but did not change susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics compared with the host strain. The MexAB-OprN/ΔOprM, MexAF-OprM/ΔMexB, and MexEB-OprM/ΔMexA mutants exhibited antibiotic susceptibility indistinguishable from that in the mutant lacking both types of efflux pumps. The results imply that the MexEF-OprM pump selects substrates by a MexEF functional unit. Interestingly, OprN did not link functionally with the MexAB complex, despite the fact that OprM interacted functionally with MexEF.