bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augustine and Ibn Sina on Souls in the Afterlife
Authors: Matthews Gareth 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper examines significant similarities between the views of Augustine and Ibn Sina on the soul's knowledge of itself. But there is also an intriguing difference. Ibn Sina wanted to be able to supply a satisfying account of the individuation of souls in the afterlife but was unable to provide it. Augustine, by contrast, though seemingly not especially interested in supplying any such account, nevertheless attributed to separated souls a desire to return to their very own bodies, which suggests a way of developing such an account.
Neuro-fuzzy adaptive control of a revolute stewart platform carrying payloads of unknown inertia
Authors: Eftekhari Mojtaba , Eftekhari Mahdi , Karimpour Hossein 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYIn this research, a Stewart parallel platform with rotary actuators is simulated and a prototype is tested under different operative conditions. The purpose is to make the robot robust against inertia variations considering the fact that different payloads of unknown size may be transported. Due to the complexity issued by expressing the equations of motion with independent variables, the governing equations are derived by Lagrange's method using Lagrange multipliers for imposing the kinematic constraints imposed on this parallel robot. Eliminating Lagrange multipliers by projecting the equations onto the orthogonal complement of the space of constraints, the equations of motion are transformed to a reduced form suitable for the purpose of controller design. The control approach considered here is based on a neuro-fuzzy interference method. As a first step, each revolute arm link are individually trained under different loadings and diverse maneuvers. It is purposed that once employed together, the links will have learned how to collaborate with each others for performing a common task. Training data are divided to several clusters by using a subtractive clustering algorithm. For every cluster, a fuzzy rule is derived so that the output follows the desired trajectory. In the last stage, these rules are employed by utilizing back propagation algorithms and the effectiveness of the neuro-fuzzy system becomes approved by performing multiple maneuvers and its robustness is checked under various inertia loads. The controller has ultimately been implemented on a prototype of the Stewart mechanism in order to analyze the reliability and feasibility of the method.
A novel self-adaptive modified bat fuzzy sliding mode control of robot manipulator in presence of uncertainties in task space
Authors: Veysi Mohammad , Soltanpour Mohammad Reza , Khooban Mohammad Hassan 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, an optimal fuzzy sliding mode controller has been designed for controlling the end-effector position in the task space. In the proposed control, feedback linearization method, sliding mode control, first-order fuzzy TSK system and optimization algorithm are utilized. In the proposed controller, a novel heuristic algorithm namely self-adaptive modified bat algorithm (SAMBA) is employed. To achieve an optimal performance, the parameters of the proposed controller as well as the input membership functions are optimized by SAMBA simultaneously. In this method, the bounds of structural and non-structural uncertainties are reduced by using feedback linearization method, and to overcome the remaining uncertainties, sliding mode control is employed. Mathematical proof demonstrates that the closed loop system with the proposed control has global asymptotic stability. The presence of sliding mode control gives rise to the adverse phenomenon of chattering in the end-effector position tracking in the task space. Subsequently, to prevent the occurrence of chattering in control input, a first-order TSK fuzzy approximator is utilized. Finally, to determine the fuzzy sliding mode controller coefficients, the optimization algorithm of Self-Adaptive Modified Bat is employed. To investigate the performance of the proposed control, a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator is used as a case study. The simulation results indicate the favorable performance of the proposed method.
Increased prevalence of group A streptococcus isolates in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome cases in Japan from 2010 to 2012
Authors: IKEBE T. , TOMINAGA K. , SHIMA T. , OKUNO R. , KUBOTA H. , OGATA K. , CHIBA K. , KATSUKAWA C. , OHYA H. , TADA Y. , OKABE N. , WATANABE H. , OGAWA M. , OHNISHI M. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYStreptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe invasive infection characterized by the sudden onset of shock, multi-organ failure, and high mortality. In Japan, appropriate notification measures based on the Infectious Disease Control law are mandatory for cases of STSS caused byβ-haemolytic streptococcus. STSS is mainly caused by group A streptococcus (GAS). Although an average of 60–70 cases of GAS-induced STSS are reported annually, 143 cases were recorded in 2011. To determine the reason behind this marked increase, we characterized theemmgenotype of 249 GAS isolates from STSS patients in Japan from 2010 to 2012 and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The predominant genotype was found to beemm1, followed byemm89,emm12,emm28,emm3, andemm90. These six genotypes constituted more than 90% of the STSS isolates. The number ofemm1,emm89,emm12, andemm28isolates increased concomitantly with the increase in the total number of STSS cases. In particular, the number ofmefA-positiveemm1isolates has escalated since 2011. Thus, the increase in the incidence of STSS can be attributed to an increase in the number of cases associated with specific genotypes.
Affect and willingness to communicate in digital game-based learning
Authors: Reinders Hayo , Wattana Sorada 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe possible benefits of digital games for language learning and teaching have received increasing interest in recent years. Games are said, amongst others, to be motivating, to lower affective barriers in learning, and to encourage foreign or second language (L2) interaction. But how do learners actually experience the use of games? What impact does gameplay have on students’ perceptions of themselves as learners, and how does this affect their learning practice? These questions are important as they are likely to influence the success of digital game-based language learning, and as a result the way teachers might integrate games into the curriculum. In this study we investigated the experiences of five students who had participated in a fifteen-week game-based learning program at a university in Thailand. We conducted six interviews with each of them (for a total of 30 interviews) to identify what impact gameplay had in particular on their willingness to communicate in English (MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément & Noels, 1998). The results showed that gameplay had a number of benefits for the participants in this study, in particular in terms of lowering their affective barriers to learning and increasing their willingness to communicate. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of further research and classroom practice.
Taiwanese montaneSambucus chinensisseeds require warm stratification, contrasting with other congeneric temperate members
Authors: Chen Shun-Ying , Chien Ching-Te , Hidayati Siti N. , Walck Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMany temperate plant genera, likeSambucus, have species with range disjunctions among North America, Europe and/or Asia. Cold stratification (sometimes in combination with warm stratification) is the primary mechanism to break seed dormancy in these species. For some of these genera showing Northern Hemispheric disjunctions, members also occur in subtropical or tropical regions, mostly confined to higher elevations where climate and vegetation differ from those in northern latitudes. We made two hypotheses concerning germination for the subtropical TaiwaneseSambucus chinensis: (1) seeds from populations exposed to warm temperatures would require warm stratification, and (2) seeds from populations exposed to cold temperatures need cold stratification. We investigated the germination (including embryo growth) of non-stratified seeds over a range of temperatures and tested the effects of cold stratification and of gibberellins GA3and GA4on germination. The amount and timing of germination among populations varied substantially in response to temperature treatments. Seeds from all populations of this species required warm temperatures for dormancy break and germination, regardless of environmental conditions. As such, the majority of seeds had non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy, which, until now, has not been reported in any members ofSambucus. The seed characteristics of the subtropicalS. chinensisare different from those of temperate members of the genus in which cold stratification is the predominate treatment to overcome dormancy.
Lower complexity bounds for lifted inference
Authors: JAEGER MANFRED 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne of the big challenges in the development of probabilistic relational (or probabilistic logical) modeling and learning frameworks is the design of inference techniques that operate on the level of the abstract model representation language, rather than on the level of ground, propositional instances of the model. Numerous approaches for such “lifted inference” techniques have been proposed. While it has been demonstrated that these techniques will lead to significantly more efficient inference on some specific models, there are only very recent and still quite restricted results that show the feasibility of lifted inference on certain syntactically defined classes of models. Lower complexity bounds that imply some limitations for the feasibility of lifted inference on more expressive model classes were established earlier in Jaeger (2000; Jaeger, M. 2000. On the complexity of inference about probabilistic relational models. Artificial Intelligence 117, 297–308). However, it is not immediate that these results also apply to the type of modeling languages that currently receive the most attention, i.e., weighted, quantifier-free formulas. In this paper we extend these earlier results, and show that under the assumption that NETIME≠ETIME, there is no polynomial lifted inference algorithm for knowledge bases of weighted, quantifier-, and function-free formulas. Further strengthening earlier results, this is also shown to hold for approximate inference and for knowledge bases not containing the equality predicate.
Actor-Networks in Music History: Clarifications and Critiques
Authors: PIEKUT BENJAMIN 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article offers clarifications and critiques of actor-network theory and its usefulness for music historiography. Reviewing the work of ANT theorists Bruno Latour, Annemarie Mol, and other social theorists (such as Georgina Born and Anna Tsing), the author explains that ANT is a methodology, not a theory. As a general introduction, the author outlines ANT's methodological presuppositions about human and non-human agency, action, ontology, and performance. He then examines how these methodological principles affect three concerns of music-historical interest: influence, genre, and context. In conclusion, he addresses problems related to temporality, critique, and reflexivity. He draws on music-historical examples after 1960: John Cage, the Jazz Composer's Guild, Henry Cow, Iggy Pop, and the Velvet Underground.
Formation of nuclear rings of barred galaxies and star formation therein
Authors: Kim Woong-Tae , Seo Woo-Young , Kim Yonghwi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBarred galaxies contain substructures such as a pair of dust lanes and nuclear rings, with the latter being sites of intense star formation. We study the substructure formation as well as star formation in nuclear rings using numerical simulations. We find that nuclear rings form not by the Lindblad resonances, as previously thought, but by the centrifugal barrier that inflowing gas along dust lanes cannot overcome. This predicts a smaller ring in a more strongly barred galaxy, consistent with observations. Star formation rate (SFR) in a nuclear ring is determined primarily by the mass inflow rate to the ring. In our models, the SFR typically shows a short strong burst associated with the rapid gas infall and stays very small for the rest of the evolution. When the SFR is low, ages of young star clusters exhibit an azimuthal gradient along the ring since star formation takes place mostly near the contact points between the dust lanes and the nuclear ring. When the SFR is large, on the other hand, star formation is widely distributed throughout the whole length of the ring, with no apparent age gradient of star clusters. Since observed ring star formation appears long-lived with episodic bursts, our results suggest that the bar region should be replenished continually with fresh gas from outside.
Molecules in the circumnuclear disk of the Galactic center
Authors: Harada Nanase , Riquelme Denise , Viti Serena , Menten Karl , Requena-Torres Miguel , Güsten Rolf , Hochgürtel Stefan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWithin a few parsecs around the central black hole A*, chemistry in the dense molecular cloud material of the circumnuclear disk (CND) can be affected by many energetic phenomena such as high UV-flux from the massive central star cluster, X-rays from A*, shock waves, and an enhanced cosmic-ray flux. Recently, spectroscopic surveys with the IRAM 30 meter and the APEX 12 meter telescopes of substantial parts of the 80–500 GHz frequency range were made toward selected positions in and near the CND. These data sets contain lines from the molecules HCN, HCO+, HNC, CS, SO, SiO, CN, H2CO, HC3N, N2H+, H3O+ and others. We conduct Large Velocity Gradient analyses to obtain column densities and total hydrogen densities, n, for each species in molecular clouds located in the southwest lobe of the CND. The data for the above mentioned molecules indicate 105 cm−3 ≲ n < 106 cm−3, which shows that the CND is tidally unstable. The derived chemical composition is compared with a chemical model calculated using the UCL_CHEM code that includes gas and grain reactions, and the effects of shock waves. Models are run for varying shock velocities, cosmic-ray ionization rates, and number densities. The resulting chemical composition is fitted best to an extremely high value of cosmic-ray ionization rate ζ ∼ 10−14 s−1, 3 orders of magnitude higher than the value in regular Galactic molecular clouds, if the pre-shock density is n=105 cm−3.
GBT and VLA investigation of the ionized gas towards the Galactic center
Authors: Royster M. J. , Yusef-Zadeh F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report results of a study of the ionized gas towards the Galactic center with radio recombination lines at cm wavelengths. Both the Green Bank Telescope and the Very Large Array were utilized to probe the kinematics of the ionized gas on a global scale for both diffuse and discrete sources within the inner 2.0° × 0.5° (l × b). A diffuse ∼0 km s−1 gas, a thermal flux continuum fraction exceeding 40%, and an asymmetry where ∼70% of the ionized gas is found at positive Galactic longitudes are the preliminary results briefly discussed here.
Hydroxyl, water, ammonia, carbon monoxide and neutral carbon towards the Sgr A complex
Authors: Karlsson R. , Sandqvist Aa. , Hjalmarson Å. , Winnberg A. , Fathi K. , Frisk U. , Olberg M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe observed Hydroxyl, water, ammonia, carbon monoxide and neutral carbon towards the +50 km s−1 cloud (M−0.02−0.07), the circumnuclear disk (CND) and the +20 km s−1 (M−0.13−0.08) cloud in the Sgr A complex with the VLA, Odin and SEST. Strong OH absorption, H2O emission and absorption lines were seen at all three positions. Strong C18O emissions were seen towards the +50 and +20 km s−1 clouds. The CND is rich in H2O and OH, and these abundances are considerably higher than in the surrounding clouds, indicating that shocks, star formation and clump collisions prevail in those objects. A comparison with the literature reveals that it is likely that PDR chemistry including grain surface reactions, and perhaps also the influences of shocks has led to the observed abundances of the observed molecular species studied here. In the redward high-velocity line wings of both the +50 and +20 km s−1 clouds and the CND, the very high H2O abundances are suggested to be caused by the combined action of shock desorption from icy grain mantles and high-temperature, gas-phase shock chemistry. Only three of the molecules are briefly discussed here. For OH and H2O three of the nine observed positions are shown, while a map of the C18O emission is provided. An extensive paper was recently published with Open Access (Karlsson et al. 2013, A&A 554, A141).
Shock structure and shock heating in the Galactic central molecular zone
Authors: Ott Jürgen , Burton Michael , Jones Paul , Meier David S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present maps of a large number of dense molecular gas tracers across the central molecular zone of our Galaxy. The data were taken with the CSIRO/CASS Mopra telescope in Large Projects in the 1.3 cm, 7 mm, and 3 mm wavelength regimes. Here, we focus on the brightness of the shock tracers SiO and HNCO, molecules that are liberated from dust grains under strong (SiO) and weak (HNCO) shocks. The shocks may have occurred when the gas enters the bar regions and the shock differences could be due to differences in the moving cloud masses. Based on tracers of ionizing photons, it is unlikely that the morphological differences are due to selective photo-dissociation of the molecules. We also observe direct heating of molecular gas in strongly shocked zones, with high SiO/HNCO ratios, where temperatures are determined from the transitions of ammonia. Strong shocks appear to be the most efficient heating source of molecular gas, apart from high energy emission emitted by the central supermassive black hole Sgr A* and the processes within the extreme star formation region Sgr B2.
Unbiased line surveys of molecular clouds in the Galactic center region
Authors: Riquelme D. , Aladro R. , Martín S. , Requena-Torres M. , Martín-Pintado J. , Güsten R. , Mauersberger R. , Harada N. , Hochgürtel S. , Menten K. M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUsing the IRAM 30 m telescope, we perform a molecular line survey of the 3 and 2 mm wavelength ranges towards 5 selected positions in the Galactic center region, sampling shocked regions, ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray pervaded regions, and positions with rich organic chemistry. These surveys have the potential to be used as chemical templates for different types of activity, such as photodissociated regions (PDRs), shocks and X-ray dominated regions (XDRs). Complementary, molecular surveys done towards extragalactic nuclei, that are also dominated by these physical activities, were carried by our group.
Oxygen isotope ratio studies in the Galactic center region
Authors: Zhang JiangShui , Sun Lulu , Qiu Jianjie , Lu Dengrong , Wang Min 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUsing the Delingha 13.7 m telescope with a 9-beam SIS superconducting receiver installed, we carried out mapping of C18O and C17O J = (1 − 0) toward molecular clouds in the central molecular zone (CMZ) and in the halo of our galaxy. From the integrated intensity ratio of C18O to C17O, the isotope ratio 18O/17O ratio can be estimated, which is considered to be one of the most useful tracers of nuclear processing and metal enrichment. Here preliminary results are presented toward Sgr A, Sgr B2, Sgr C, Sgr D, and the 1.°3 complex in the CMZ and M+5.3–0.3 in the halo.
A new very faint X-ray transient in the Galactic center
Authors: Soldi Simona , Clavel Maïca , Goldwurm Andrea , Ponti Gabriele , Terrier Régis , Trap Guillaume , Greiner Jochen , Prinz Tobias , Rau Arne , Servillat Mathieu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new X-ray transient, XMMU J174505.3-291445, has been detected within the 2012 XMM-Newton scan of the Galactic center. The short 4.7 ks flare, the highly absorbed X-ray spectrum and the relatively low luminosity of the event suggest the association of the source with either the class of very faint X-ray transients or that of supergiant fast X-ray transients. Further analysis, together with the identification of the possible infrared counterpart will help to unveil the true nature of XMMU J174505.3-291445.
A new MIR bow shock source in the Galactic center
Authors: Sabha N. , Zamaninasab M. , Eckart A. , Moser L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe find a convex-like feature at a distance of 0.68 pc (17″) from the position of the supermassive black hole, Sgr A*, at the center of the nuclear stellar cluster. This feature resembles a stellar bow shock with a symmetry axis pointing to the center. We discuss the possible nature of the feature and the implications of its alignment with other dusty comet-like objects inside the central parsec.
Kinematics and dynamics of molecular gas in galactic centers
Authors: Sakamoto K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe central molecular zone (CMZ) in the central half kpc of the Milky Way is a massive concentration of molecular gas in the center of a barred spiral galaxy. Current and past activities in the Galactic center include the formation of massive stars/clusters, AGN feeding, and feedback. At the same time, observations of molecular gas in external galaxies show that many disk galaxies have similar condensations of molecular gas in their central kpc or so. They also have CMZs, or nuclear molecular rings or concentrations in more common terms among extragalactic observers. The formation of the CMZs are often, but not always, related to stellar bars. The centers of nearby galaxies can provide valuable information on the general properties of galactic centers and CMZs through comparative studies of multiple galactic centers of different characteristics from various viewing angles. Linear resolutions achieved toward nearby extragalactic CMZs with modern radio interferometers are now comparable to those achieved toward the Galactic CMZ with small single-dish telescopes. I review and present work on the formation mechanism and properties of the CMZs in external galaxies with some comparisons with the CMZ of our Galaxy.
MALT90: tracing the chemistry and kinematics of molecular clumps within the central molecular zone
Authors: Contreras Y. , Rathborne J. , Jackson J. , Foster J. , Longmore S. ,   the MALT90 team
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe MALT90 survey targets more than 2000 high-mass star-forming clumps in the Galactic plane obtaining small maps around each of them, in 16 molecular lines at 90 GHz. By observing several thousand high-mass star forming clumps MALT90 aims to characterize their global chemical and physical evolution. Here we summarize the survey parameters and show examples of the MALT90 data toward three clumps in the central molecular zone.
An overview of the PAHTAT toolbox
Authors: Pilleri P. , Joblin C. , Berné O. , Montillaud J. , Okada Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this contribution, we briefly describe how an observed mid-infrared (5.5-14 μm) spectrum can be used to trace key physical conditions along a given line of sight, such as the UV radiation field, the ionization parameter and the dust column density. These parameters are often difficult to determine independently from PDR models. The PAHTAT toolbox offers the opportunity to analyze mid-IR spectra using a limited number of parameters, that are associated with the physical properties of the dust and gas being observed.