bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Auripyrones A and B
Authors: Hayakawa Ichiro , Takemura Takuma , Fukasawa Emi , Ebihara Yuta , Sato Natsuki , Nakamura Takayasu , Suenaga Kiyotake , Kigoshi Hideo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The total synthesis of auripyrones was achieved by using a novel aldol-type reaction of γ-pyrone as a key step. From this synthetic work, we have established the stereostructure and absolute configuration of auripyrone B. Furthermore, the cytotoxicities of auripyrones against a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines (termed JFCR39) at the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research were investigated. The patterns of the differential cytotoxicities of auripyrones were COMPARE negative, suggesting that they inhibit cancer cell proliferation through a novel mechanism.
Possibility of Gravitational Tempering in Colloidal Epitaxy to Obtain a Perfect Crystal
Authors: Mori Atsushi , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Matsuo Shigeki 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of hard spheres on a pattern under gravity. We found that a crystal formed at a moderate gravity strength contains essentially no defects while the one formed at a higher gravity strength contains a significant amount of defects. This result suggests the possibility of using gravitational tempering in a colloidal epitaxy to reduce the number of defects in the colloidal crystals. Moreover, we wish to emphasize on the possibility of obtaining a perfect crystal.
Kinetic Theory of Molecular Mechanism of Micellar Relaxation
Authors: Shchekin Alexander K , Rusanov Anatoly I , Kuni Fedor M 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Analytical methods for finding characteristic times and overall time behavior of moments of micelle distribution during fast and slow micellar relaxation in the case of the coexistence of spherical and cylindrical micelles are considered based on Becker–Döring kinetic equation. The linearized and nonlinear forms of this equation are studied, and its solutions are derived.
Thermotropic Phase Behavior of Binary Bilayer Membrane of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and Ergosterol
Authors: Tamai Nobutake , Inazawa Sanae , Fujiwara Daiki , Goto Masaki , Matsuki Hitoshi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We investigated the phase behavior of a binary bilayer membrane of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and ergosterol, using Prodan fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to construct a temperature–composition phase diagram. We found that several important features of the phase diagram can be explained by the superlattice view, on the basis of the hexagonal lattice, which suggests the presence of a molecular cluster composed of an ergosterol molecule and its six surrounding DPPC molecules above an ergosterol composition of ca. 0.15.
Effect of Heavy Water on Nonlamellar Structures of Phospholipid and Monoolein Molecular Assemblies
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Jojiki Kohtaro 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The effect of replacing water (H2O) with heavy water (D2O) on both lamellar and nonlamellar structures formed by phospholipids and monoolein was studied by X-ray diffraction methods. Except for lamellar crystal and inverted hexagonal phases, the lattice constants of all phases investigated were decreased. The changes in the cubic phases of monoolein can be interpreted as a reduction in the interfacial area caused by D2O. The largest change was observed in the Im3m bicontinuous cubic phase of monoolein.
Simultaneous Nanoindentation and 3D Imaging on Semicrystalline Colloidal Films
Authors: Roth Marcel , Schilde Carsten , Lellig Philipp , Kwade Arno , Auernhammer Günter K 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
High-resolution confocal microscopy at a single-colloid level was combined with testing the mechanical properties of semicrystalline colloidal films using nanoindentation experiments. Using localization and tracking algorithms, the displacements of each individual colloid in the film could be determined, allowing the identification of the dominant microscopic deformation processes. Despite strong attractive forces between the colloids, structural reorganization of the film was ubiquitous. We observed irreversible rearrangements such as dislocation defects and pile-up behavior. In comparison with amorphous systems, reversible deformations of the film were significantly more pronounced.
Controlled Formation of Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles of Carbocyanine Dye via Ion-association Approach
Authors: Enseki Tomoki , Yao Hiroshi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Organic nanoparticles of a carbocyanine dye (JC-1) are synthesized via ion-association between the dye cation and tetrakis(4-fluorophenyl)borate anion in the presence/absence of a neutral stabilizing polymer, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), in water. In particular, their fluorescence properties can be tuned by the size of the nanoparticles, which is controlled by both the concentration of the borate anion added and the stabilizing polymer.
Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Dispersion Solution on the Oscillation Behavior of Nonlinear Chemical Reaction
Authors: Nabika Hideki , Inumata Yusuke , Oikawa Tetsuro , Unoura Kei 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We have investigated the effect of a gold nanoparticle dispersion solution on the oscillation dynamics of nonlinear chemical reactions. As a model system, a pH oscillation reaction in a continuous stirred tank reactor was studied, in which an autocatalytic proton production reaction was involved. Our experiments revealed the effect of added gold nanoparticle dispersions, which was supported by acceleration in oscillation dynamics. Further tuning of the nanoparticle characteristics will give a versatile and powerful approach to control the oscillation behavior of nonlinear chemical reactions.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Copolymers Bearing a Spirobenzopyran Moiety at the End Group and Their Photoresponsive Micellar Behaviors in Water
Authors: Nakahara Yoshio , Nakamura Jin , Shirotani Naoya , Kimura Keiichi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Novel photoresponsive amphiphilic copolymers, poly{methoxy[oligo(ethylene glycol)] methacrylate-co-styrene}, were synthesized using a spirobenzopyran initiator by atom transfer radical polymerization. The spiropyran and merocyanine forms of the spirobenzopyran moiety at the end group successfully underwent photoisomerization under the conditions of micelle formation, which resulted in a drastic change in micellar properties, e.g., in the assembly state and the hydrophobic environment.
Gold-nanoparticle Inks for Room-temperature Formation of Conductive Films
Authors: Yamauchi Hirofumi , Dobashi Tetsuaki , Sato Seiichi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We show that aqueous inks containing Au nanocrystals that were slightly modified with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA, IUPAC name: sulfanylsuccinic acid) turn into conductive films after being cured in room-temperature air. Because of the highly hydrophilic nature of MSA, the nanoparticles maintain good dispersion in water. The conductive film exhibits an electrical resistivity in the order of 10−5 Ω cm, and its temperature coefficient in the range from 290 to 20 K was 7 × 10−5 K−1 without any post-treatments such as annealing, light irradiation, or solution-immersing processes.
Effects of Ag+ and Cu2+ Ions on the Shape of Triangular Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Takezaki Makoto , Shibata Masahiro , Tominaga Toshihiro 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Triangular gold nanoplates were prepared by the tartaric acid reduction of HAuCl4 in cationic surfactant solutions, in the absence and the presence of small amounts of AgNO3 and CuSO4. With increasing concentration of AgNO3, the particle shape changes from triangular to spherical. In the presence of CuSO4, triangular plates with side lengths and tips that are longer and sharper, respectively, than those of the nanoplates prepared in the absence of CuSO4, are obtained.
Control of the Long-axis Length of Gold Nanorods through Temperature Variation
Authors: Takenaka Yoshiko , Kawabata Youhei , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Ohzono Takuya 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The effect of temperature on the growth of the long axis of gold nanorods is studied. The length of the nanorods decreases gradually with an increase in the growth temperature. By considering the chemical equilibrium between hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) micelles and Au ions, we suggest that the secondary nucleation of seeds in a growth solution affects the long-axis length. In addition, small-angle X-ray scattering suggests that the equilibrium self-assembled structure of surfactant molecules does not affect the long-axis length in the present system.
Behavior of Surface-adsorbed Bioluminescent Bacteria
Authors: Sasaki Satoshi , Mochizuki Mika 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The bioluminescent characteristics of a marine bacterium, Photobacterium kishitanii, were evaluated using a nobly designed inorganic broth that was effective for the adsorption of the bacterium on a glass surface. Using fluorescent microscopic images, the floc shapes of the bacterial cells on the glass were compared for the cases of cultivation in organic and inorganic broths. Floc formation in the broth in the growth phase was observed to be effective for the realization of stable bioluminescence, and the use of inorganic broth was thought to be useful for the understanding of the adsorption of live bacteria on a surface.
Optimization of the dynamic, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI of the liver: the effect of the injection rate
Authors: Schmid-Tannwald Christine , Herrmann Karin , Oto Aytekin , Panteleon Alexandra , Reiser Maximilian , Zech Christoph 
Published: October 2012

Background Tissue-specific gadolinium-based contrast agents such as Gd-BOPTA, Gd-EOB-DTPA are increasingly used for liver imaging. Despite the added value of the hepatobiliary phase a proper arterial phase is still critical, especially in patients with chronic liver diseases. So far, there are limited data in the literature about the effect of the injection speed of Gd-EOB-DTPA in liver and vessel enhancement. Purpose To evaluate the effect of injection rate on the enhancement of liver parenchyma and vasculature in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver MRI. Material and Methods Eighty patients who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver MRI (1.5T multichannel MR-system) were retrospectively evaluated. We used a Care Bolus technique with an injection rate of 2 mL/s in group 1 ( n = 40) and a Care Bolus technique with an injection rate of 1 mL/s in group 2 ( n = 40) to determine the start of the arterial-dominant phase. Signal intensities were measured in vascular structures and liver parenchyma. Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), SNR increase (SNRi), and percentage enhancement (PE) were calculated and compared by a students t-test. Results The SNR, SNRi, and PE of the aorta in the arterial phase were significantly higher in group 2 in comparison to group 1 ( P = 0.007, P = 0.0043, and P < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences concerning the SNR, SNRi, or PE of the portal vein and the normal liver parenchyma between both groups at all time points. Conclusion The study shows that a lower injection rate of 1 mL/s enables a higher enhancement in the aorta in the arterial phase compared with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI with the more commonly used injection rate of 2 mL/s.
The necessity of follow-up for radiation skin injuries in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions: radiation skin injuries will often be overlooked clinically
Authors: Kato Mamoru , Chida Koichi , Sato Tadaya , Oosaka Hajime , Tosa Tetsuo , Munehisa Masahito , Kadowaki Ken 
Published: October 2012

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) offers great benefit that could improve a patient's quality of life. However, numerous case reports of patient radiation injury resulting from PCI are being published, these reports likely represent a small fraction of the actual cases. Purpose To demonstrate the appropriate duration of patient follow-up after PCI to identify radiation effects. Material and Methods We evaluated 400 consecutive PCIs. The radiation dose (dose-area product, cumulative dose, maximum skin dose), number of cine runs, and fluoroscopic time were recorded for all patients. The skin on the patients’ backs was reviewed periodically after PCI. Results Radiation skin effects occurred in six patients from PCI of the right coronary artery in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients (mild erythema; occurrence rate 1.5%). Skin injury in two patients appeared in cycles. In most cases, erythema was vividly seen at 4 weeks after PCI. Conclusion Careful observation for skin injury is needed. At a few days following PCI, early erythema can be detected through careful observation by well-trained staff. At 7-10 days after PCI, most erythematous pigmentation can be detected. At 4 weeks after PCI, most skin erythema appears clearly, however, some cases of skin erythema occur without back pain. After that, follow-up every 6 months is needed to detect the reappearance of erythema.
REVIEWS
Authors: Benini Stefania , Clò Clarissa , Insana Lina , Ferrari Chiara , Past Elena , Guida George , O'Leary Alan 
Published: October 2012

ITALIAN FILM DIRECTORS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM, WILLIAM HOPE (ED.) (2010) New Castle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 208 pp., ISBN (10) 144382075X, h/bk, £39.99 | $59.99
FROM TERRONE TO EXTRACOMUNITARIO: NEW MANIFESTATIONS OF RACISM IN CONTEMPORARY ITALIAN CINEMA.
SHIFTING DEMOGRAPHICS & CHANGING IMAGES IN A MULTI-CULTURAL GLOBALIZED SOCIETY, GRACE RUSSO BULLARO (ED.) (2010) Leicester, UK: Troubador Publishing Ltd., 456 pp., ISBN 9781848761766, p/bk, £15.95 | $24.95
CONFLICTS OF MEMORY. THE RECEPTION OF HOLOCAUST FILMS AND TV PROGRAMMES
IN ITALY, 1945 TO THE PRESENT, EMILIANO PERRA (2010) Oxford: Peter Lang, 291 pp., ISBN 9783039118809, p/bk, $71.95
TRAGEDIA ALL’ITALIANA. ITALIAN CINEMA AND ITALIAN TERRORISMS, 1970–2008, ALAN O’LEARY (2011) Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 284 pp., ISBN 9783039115747,
p/bk, £36.00 | $58.95
ENTERING THE FRAME: CINEMA AND HISTORY IN THE FILMS OF YERVANT GIANIKIAN AND ANGELA RICCI LUCCHI, ROBERT LUMLEY (2011) New York: Peter Lang, 192 pp., ISBN 9783034301138, p/bk, $55.95
A TALE OF TWO MAFIAS: A REVIEW ESSAY MAFIA MOVIES: A READER,
DANA RENGA (ED.) (2011) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 398 pp., ISBN 978-0802096654, p/bk, $37.95
THE ITALIANIST: FILM ISSUE
Modulation of host microtubule dynamics by pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Radhakrishnan Girish K. , Splitter Gary A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe eukaryotic cytoskeleton is a vulnerable target of many microbial pathogens during the course of infection. Rearrangements of host cytoskeleton benefit microbes in various stages of their infection cycle such as invasion, motility, and persistence. Bacterial pathogens deliver a number of effector proteins into host cells for modulating the dynamics of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Alteration of the actin cytoskeleton is generally achieved by bacterial effectors that target the small GTPases of the host. Modulation of microtubule dynamics involves direct interaction of effector proteins with the subunits of microtubules or recruiting cellular proteins that affect microtubule dynamics. This review will discuss effector proteins from animal and human bacterial pathogens that either destabilize or stabilize host microtubules to advance the infectious process. A compilation of these research findings will provide an overview of known and unknown strategies used by various bacterial effectors to modulate the host microtubule dynamics. The present review will undoubtedly help direct future research to determine the mechanisms of action of many bacterial effector proteins and contribute to understanding the survival strategies of diverse adherent and invasive bacterial pathogens.
Towards harmonization of quality indicators in laboratory medicine
Authors: Plebani Mario , Chiozza Maria Laura , Sciacovelli Laura 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe identification of reliable quality indicators (QIs) in the total testing process (TTP) represents a crucial step in enabling users to quantify the quality of laboratory services, but the current lack of attention to extra-laboratory factors is in stark contrast with the body of evidence showing the multitude of errors that continue to occur in the pre- and post-analytical phases. Although interesting programs on indicators of the extra-analytical phases have been developed in some countries, there is no consensus on the production of joint recommendations for the adoption of universal QIs and the use of common terminology in the total testing process. In view of the different QIs and terminologies currently used, there an urgent need to harmonize proposed QIs, which should comply with three main principles: they must be patient-centered, consistent with the requirements of the International Standard for medical laboratories accreditation, and address all stages of the TTP. A model of quality indicators (MQI), consensually developed by a group of clinical laboratories according to a project launched by a working group of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), includes 56 QIs related to key processes (34 pre-, 7 intra- and 15 post-analytical phase) and three to support processes. The scope of harmonization in laboratory medicine, more far-reaching than method harmonization, should cover a wider range of topics, namely all steps of the “brain-to-brain loop”. The identification of valuable QIs is a key step in paving the way towards quality and patient safety in laboratory medicine.
Attended/unattended this in academic student writing: Quantitative and qualitative perspectives
Authors: Wulff, Stefanie , Römer, Ute , Swales, John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of what governs the optional attendance of the determiner this by a noun phrase in academic student writing. Previous research on this has largely focused on the noun phrases accompanying this, while the question of what determines writers' choice between attended and unattended this in the first place has received only little attention. In the present study, we present the results of a more comprehensive analysis, including quantitative methods (logistic regression analysis, Distinctive Collexeme Analysis, textual distribution measures) and qualitative methods (cluster extraction), of more than 5,800 hits of sentence-initial this obtained from the Michigan Corpus of Upper Level Student Papers (MICUSP). Overall, the results point to a strong influence of the verb accompanying (un)attended this, which is moderated to some extent by author-related variables like academic discipline, academic proficiency level, native speaker status, and gender. A qualitative pattern analysis of the most prominent this + verb clusters reveals that semantic biases evidenced in the verbs distinctively associated with (un)attended this are reflected at the text-organizational level in terms of positional preferences within paragraphs and texts. In combination, the results point towards an ongoing delexicalization of this + verb clusters like this is and this means into textual organization markers, which stands in sharp contrast to traditional cautions against unattended this as mere “vague reference” that is to be avoided.
Molecular mechanisms underlying statin effects on genes involved in the reverse cholesterol transport
Authors: Cerda Alvaro , Hirata Mario Hiroyuki , Hirata Rosario Dominguez Crespo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Many clinical trials and data from scientific investigations have suggested the effects of statins on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, besides their actions in reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. These actions have been proposed as important anti-atherogenic properties that contribute to the additional reduction of risk for cardiovascular diseases. The regulation of genes involved in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is very complex and the modulation exerted by statin treatment is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of genes controlling the RCT with special emphasis on the reported tissue-specific effects of statins. The statin modulation of genes participating in the different stages of RCT (cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues, HDL metabolism in the plasma and internalization by the liver) has been summarized. Recent reports on novel mechanisms of regulation by microRNAs are also discussed.
A Flexible CSMA based MAC Protocol for Software Defined Radios
Authors: Puschmann André , Kalil Mohamed A. , Mitschele-Thiel Andreas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this article, we propose a flexible CSMA based MAC protocol which facilitates research and experimentation using software define radios. The modular architecture allows to employ the protocol on platforms with heterogeneous hardware capabilities and provides the freedom to exchange or adapt the spectrum sensing mechanism without modifying the MAC protocol internals. We discuss the architecture of the protocol and provide structural details of its main components. Furthermore, we present throughput measurements that have been obtained on an example system using host-based spectrum sensing.
Stat3 inhibition in neural lineage cells
Authors: Chiba Tomohiro , Mack Laura , Delis Natalia , Brill Boris , Groner Bernd 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Deregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is attracting attentions in neurological disorders of elderly populations, e.g., Stat3 is inactivated in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains, whereas it is often constitutively activated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), correlating with poor prognosis. Stat3-inhibiting drugs have been intensively developed for chemotherapy based on the fact that GBM, in many cases, are “addicted” to Stat3 activation. Stat3 inhibitors, however, potentially have unfavorable side effects on postmitotic neurons, normal permanent residents in the central nervous system. It is, therefore, of great importance to address detailed cellular responses of neural lineage cells including normal neurons, astrocytes, and neuronal/glial cancer cell lines to several classes of Stat3 inhibitors focusing on their effective concentrations. Here, we picked up five human and mouse cancer cell lines (Neuro-2a and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines and Tu-9648, U-87MG, and U-373MG glioblastoma cell lines) and treated with various Stat3 inhibitors. Among them, Stattic, FLLL31, and resveratrol potently suppressed P-Stat3 and cell viability in all the tested cell lines. Stat3 knockdown or expression of dominant-negative Stat3 further sensitized cells to the inhibitors. Expression of familial AD-related mutant amyloid precursor protein sensitized neuronal cells, not glial cells, to Stat3 inhibitors by reducing P-Stat3 levels. Primary neurons and astrocytes also responded to Stat3 inhibitors with similar sensitivities to those observed in cancer cell lines. Thus, Stat3 inhibitors should be carefully targeted to GBM cells to avoid potential neurotoxicity leading to AD-like neuropsychiatric dysfunctions.