bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different clinical factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhang Zi , Adappa Nithin D. , Doghramji Laurel J. , Chiu Alexander G. , Cohen Noam A. , Palmer James N. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common culture isolates in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We aimed to determine whether they were associated with different clinical factors of CRS.MethodsAdult CRS patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) between October 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011 were recruited. Patient demographics, Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores, 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores, disease characteristics, and medication use were collected prior to FESS. Intraoperative culture was obtained in a standard manner. We compared patients with isolates of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa to patients with other culture results and no bacterial growth, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.ResultsA total of 376 patients met criteria; 104 patients (28%) had S. aureus, 32 (9%) had P. aeruginosa, and 10 patients (3%) had no bacterial growth. After adjusting for all clinical factors, compared to patients with positive culture other than S. aureus, patients with S. aureus had 1.9 times increased odds of having nasal polyps (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 3.3; p = 0.036); when compared to patients with positive culture other than P. aeruginosa, patients with P. aeruginosa had 7.8 times increased odds of having prior FESS (OR = 7.8; 95% CI, 2.1 to 28.9; p = 0.002) (91% vs 58%; p < 0.001) and 3.6 times increased odds of having diabetes with marginal significance (OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 13.2; p = 0.053). The sample size in the no bacterial growth group was too small to draw firm conclusions.ConclusionS. aureus was more common in CRS patients with nasal polyps, whereas P. aeruginosa was more common in CRS patients with prior FESS history and possibly diabetes.
Direct synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylenes via cationic polymerization of isobutylene co‐initiated with TiCl4 in nonpolar hydrocarbon media
Authors: Yang Xiao‐jian , Guo An‐ru , Xu Hui‐chao , Wu Yi‐xian 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLiving cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) with 1‐chlorine‐2,4,4‐trimethyl pentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4/isopropanol (iPrOH) or isoamylol (iAmOH) has been achieved in the presence of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine (DtBP) at −80°C. Polyisobutylenes with nearly theoretical Mn based on TMPCl molecules and more than 90% of tert‐chlorine‐end groups could be obtained at high [TMPCl]. The β‐proton elimination from CH3 in growing chain ends increased with increasing polymerization temperature and decreasing solvent polarity. A chain‐transfer‐dominated cationic polymerization process with H2O/TiCl4/iAmOH could be achieved in n‐hexane at −30°C. The monomer conversion and content of exo‐olefin end groups increased while molecular weight decreased with increasing [iAmOH]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example to achieve the direct synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene with low Mn of 1200∼1600, carrying more than 80% of exo‐olefin terminals by a single‐step process via cationic polymerization co‐initiated by TiCl4 in nonpolar hydrocarbon. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42232.
Oriented polyvinyl alcohol films using short cellulose nanofibrils as a reinforcement
Authors: Peng Jun , Ellingham Thomas , Sabo Ronald , Clemons Craig M. , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTShort cellulose nanofibrils (SCNF) were investigated as a new kind of reinforcement for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. SCNF were mechanically isolated from hardwood pulp after enzymatic pretreatment. Various concentrations of SCNF were added to an aqueous PVA solution, which were cast into composite films and then hot drawn with various draw ratios at 200°C. SCNF were effective in improving PVA film tensile properties (i.e., ultimate strength and elastic modulus), which depended on SCNF loading, PVA crystal orientation, and the draw ratio. For example, the ultimate strength and modulus of a composite film with a SCNF weight ratio of 3% and a draw ratio of 7.5 were nearly 46 and 61% higher than that of the neat PVA. The PVA crystal orientation increased when small amounts of SCNF were added but decreased as the SCNF content increased above about 6%, likely due to SCNF percolation resulting in network formation that inhibited alignment. Stress‐induced crystallization during hot drawing increased the crystallinity of PVA in both the PVA and its composites. Cryogenic and tensile‐fractured SEM images of PVA/SCNF composite films showed a uniform SCNF dispersion in the PVA matrix. Young's moduli of drawn composite films were predicted surprisingly well by the rule of mixtures except at intermediate levels of SCNF where the increased orientation of the matrix was not considered in the model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42283.
Structure‐property relationship of substituted pyrrolidine functionalized CNT epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: Zewde Berhanu , Pitliya Praveen , Gaskell Karen J. , Raghavan Dharmaraj 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) based polymer nanocomposites hold the promise of delivering exceptional mechanical properties and multifunctional characteristics. However, the realization of exceptional properties of CNT based nanocomposites is dependent on CNT dispersion and CNT‐matrix adhesion. To this end, we modified MWCNTs by Prato reaction to yield aromatic (phenyl and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl) substituted pyrrolidine functionalized CNTs (fCNT1 and fCNT2) and aliphatic (2‐ethylbutyl and n‐octyl) substituted pyrrolidine functionalized CNTs (fCNT3 and fCNT4). The functionalization of CNTs was established by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman Spectroscopy, and XPS techniques. Optical micrographs of fCNT epoxy mixture showed smaller aggregates compared to pristine CNT epoxy mixture. A comparison of the tensile results and onset decomposition temperature of fCNT/epoxy nanocomposite showed that aliphatic substituted pyrrolidine fCNT epoxy nanocomposites have higher onset decomposition temperature and higher tensile toughness than aromatic substituted pyrrolidine fCNT epoxy nanocomposites, which is consistent with the dispersion results of fCNTs in the epoxy matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42284.
Conductive and electroactive composite paper reinforced by coating of polyaniline on lignocelluloses fibers
Authors: Razaq Aamir , Asif M. H. , Kalsoom Riffat , Khan Ather Farooq , Awan M. S. , Ishrat S. , Ramay Shahid M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDirect use of lignocelluloses fibers as substrate for fabrication of conductive, electroactive, biodegradable, and low‐cost electrode materials are in demand for high‐tech applications of ion‐exchange and energy storage devices. This article presents the preparation and characterizations of conductive and electroactive lignocelluloses‐polyaniline (cellulose/PANI) composite paper. Lignocelluloses fibers were directly collected from the stem of self‐growing plant, Typha Angusitfolia, and subsequently coated with the conductive and electroactive layer of PANI through chemical synthesis. Individual PANI‐coated lignocelluloses fibers were converted into sheet and further characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Thermogravimetric Analysis, electronic conductivity, and Cyclic Voltammetry. Cellulose/PANI composite paper revealed superior thermal characteristics and used as a working electrode in three different electrolytes for ion‐exchange properties. Conductive composite paper (CCP) showed the charge storage capacity of ∼52 C/g at scan rate of 5 mV/s in 2M HCl solution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42293.
A new continuous planar fit method for calculating fluxes in complex, forested terrain
Authors: Ross Andrew. N. , Grant Eleanor R. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe planar fit (PF) method is often recommended for long‐term eddy covariance flux measurements because it offers a number of advantages over rotating into streamwise coordinates. For sites over complex, forested terrain a single PF may not account for complex variations in slope and canopy cover with wind direction. An alternative to the PF method is presented where the tilt angle is fitted as a continuous function of the wind direction. This retains many of the benefits of the PF method, while at the same time better representing local variations in tilt with wind direction.
Synthesis of Biaryls by Decarboxylative Hiyama Coupling
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Exner Benjamin , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA trimetallic palladium/copper/silver system has been developed that allows the decarboxylative Hiyama coupling of ortho‐substituted aryl carboxylates with trialkoxyarylsilanes to give the corresponding biaryls. The cross‐coupling is catalyzed by a Pd/N‐heterocyclic carbene complex with silver carbonate aiding its reoxidation. Copper(II) fluoride acts as decarboxylation catalyst, stoichiometric oxidant, and fluoride source. The scope of the protocol is demonstrated by 22 examples, among them aryl halides suitable for further coupling, and the synthetic utility of the products is illustrated by their conversion into carbazoles and 1H‐indazoles.
Determining the Effect of Plasma Pre‐Treatment on Antimony Tin Oxide to Support Pt@Pd and the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
Authors: Liu Xiaoteng , Zhang Kui , Lu Jianwei , Luo Kun , Gong Jinlong , Puthiyapura Vinod K. , Scott Keith 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article reveals the effect of plasma pre‐treatment on antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles. The effect is to allow Pt@Pd to be deposited homogeneously on the ATO surface with high dispersion and narrow particle size distribution. The Pt@Pd core–shell catalyst was prepared using the polyol method and shows a dramatic improvement towards ORR activity and durability.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation between Diarylamines and α,β‐Unsaturated Acids through CH Activation: Direct Access to 4‐Substituted 2‐Quinolinones
Authors: Kancherla Rajesh , Naveen Togati , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA CH activation strategy has been successfully employed for the high‐yielding synthesis of a diverse array of 4‐substituted 2‐quinolinone species by a palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling involving diarylamines. This intermolecular annulation approach incorporates readily available α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids as the coupling partner by suppressing the facile decarboxylation. Based on preliminary mechanistic studies, a reaction sequence is proposed, involving ortho palladation, π‐coordination, β‐migratory insertion, and β‐hydride elimination.
Catalytic CH Bond Addition of Pyridines to Allenes by a Rare‐Earth Catalyst
Authors: Song Guoyong , Wang Baoli , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe catalytic CH addition of pyridines to allenes has been achieved for the first time by using a half‐sandwich scandium catalyst, thus constituting a straightforward and atom‐economical route for the synthesis of alkenylated pyridine derivatives. The reaction proceeded regio‐ and stereoselectively, affording a new family of alkenylated pyridine compounds which are otherwise difficult to synthesize. A cationic Sc‐η2‐pyridyl species was isolated and confirmed to be a key catalyst species in this transformation.
Photochemical Bleaching of an Elaborate Artificial Light‐Harvesting Antenna
Authors: Alamiry Mohammed A. H. , Harriman Anthony , Haefele Alexandre , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe target artificial light‐harvesting antenna, comprising 21 discrete chromophores arranged in a logical order, undergoes photochemical bleaching when dispersed in a thin plastic film. The lowest‐energy component, which has an absorption maximum at 660 nm, bleaches through first‐order kinetics at a relatively fast rate. The other components bleach more slowly, in part, because their excited‐state lifetimes are rendered relatively short by virtue of fast intramolecular electronic energy transfer to the terminal acceptor. Two of the dyes, these being close to the terminal acceptor but interconnected through a reversible energy‐transfer step, bleach by way of an autocatalytic step. Loss of the terminal acceptor, thereby switching off the energy‐transfer route, escalates the rate of bleaching of these ancillary dyes. The opposite terminal, formed by a series of eight pyrene‐based chromophores, does not bleach to any significant degree. Confirmation of the various bleaching steps is obtained by examination of an antenna lacking the terminal acceptor, where the autocatalytic route does not exist and bleaching is very slow.
Targeted Delivery of Fluorescent High‐Mannose‐Type Oligosaccharide Cathepsin Inhibitor Conjugates
Authors: Wong Chung S. , Hoogendoorn Sascha , van der Marel Gijs A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Codée Jeroen D. C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree fluorescent cathepsin inhibitor glycoconjugates have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated in terms of their cell internalization and cathepsin inhibitory properties. The conjugates are composed of a peptide epoxysuccinate, capable of covalent and irreversible binding to cysteine proteases, coupled to a fluorescent BODIPY dye and functionalized with a mono‐, tri‐, or heptamannoside. Mannose‐receptor‐dependent uptake of the probes in live dendritic cells is shown to depend on the type of carbohydrate attached. Where uptake of the monomannoside is poor and mannose‐receptor‐independent, the intracellular labeling of cathepsins by the probes equipped with a tri‐ or heptamannoside conjugate appeared concentration‐ and mannose‐receptor‐dependent.
Luminescent Mesoporous Silica Built through Self‐Assembly of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and Europium(III) Ions
Authors: Marchesi Stefano , Carniato Fabio , Marchese Leonardo , Boccaleri Enrico 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe chemical combination of completely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes and Eu3+ ions has allowed the preparation of a novel robust mesoporous silica (Eu‐MesoPOSS) with interesting luminescent properties and good hydrothermal and photobleaching stability. These properties make Eu‐MesoPOSS a potential candidate for the fabrication of stable and efficient luminescent devices, and a multifunctional platform for bio‐imaging applications.
Influence of changeable hydro‐meteorological conditions on dissolved organic carbon and bacterioplankton abundance in a hypertrophic reservoir and downstream river
Authors: Zieliński Piotr , Grabowska Magdalena , Jekatierynczuk‐Rudczyk Elżbieta 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe variability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacterioplankton abundance (BA) in a lowland humic reservoir and downstream river were studied in an attempt to find out whether meteorological and hydrological parameters influenced the studied factors during drier and wetter conditions. The study was carried out in two consecutive years (from June to October) that significantly differed in precipitation and hydrological parameters. Despite the observed consistently high values of DOC concentration in the studied waters (on average >20 mg l−1), DOC concentration range and dynamics differed significantly between the two compared periods; in the period of 20% lower accumulated precipitation, concentrations of DOC on all the analysed sites were 30% lower, on average. The observed hydrological changes caused by meteorological differences between the two studied periods significantly influenced DOC concentration, both in the dam and the downstream river. BA was much less variable and less dependent on meteorological factors; however, our study demonstrated that hydrological conditions exerted an important influence on DOC concentration, mostly in river. The other finding is the greater influence of hydrological conditions on BA in the reservoir than in the river, regardless of the period. No evident relations between DOC concentration and BA were observed. Water quality, together with hydrology, influences both DOC and BA changes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Facile One‐Pot Metal‐Free Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Jia Qianfa , Yang Gongming , Chen Lei , Du Zhiyun , Wei Jia , Zhong Yanqiong , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of commercially available aldehydes with azides and secondary amines through a one‐pot strategy has been developed. This method furnishes 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles in good to excellent yields and high levels of regioselectivity.
Nigrostriatal dopaminergic depletion produces orofacial static mechanical allodynia
Authors: Dieb W. , Ouachikh O. , Durif F. , Hafidi A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundDopamine is implicated in different orofacial pain‐related diseases. The mechanisms underlying this invalidating pain are not yet understood. Therefore, the present study investigated if unilateral or bilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) could induce a trigeminal static mechanical allodynia (SMA) comparable to that obtained after chronic construction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI‐IoN) in rats.MethodsUnilateral and bilateral nigrostriatal lesions were obtained by injecting 6‐hydroxydopamine into the MFB, and peripheral lesion was obtained by CCI‐IoN. Static allodynia behaviour was tested by a mild non‐noxious static von Frey filament stimulus. The analgesic effects of bromocriptine (D2R agonist) were assessed by both intraperitoneal and intracisternal injections. Finally, immunohistochemical study was done to investigate the implication of the protein kinase c isoform gamma (PKCγ) and the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in pain sensitization at segmental level.Results6‐OHDA‐lesioned animals developed SMA in the orofacial region as assessed by non‐noxious stimuli. Intraperitoneal and intracisternal injections of bromocriptine alleviated this allodynic behaviour. Investigations within the medullary dorsal horn revealed an increase in PKCγ expression, a protein implicated in the chronicity of pain, within superficial laminae in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats. Also static mechanical stimulations of the orofacial region evoked increased expression of the molecular pain marker pERK1/2 in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats.ConclusionOur data show that unilateral and bilateral dopamine depletion promoted trigeminal SMA comparable to that obtained after CCI‐IoN. This allodynia can be alleviated by D2R activation, making D2R agonist a potential analgesic for orofacial neuropathic pain.
Varietal differences in the growth of rice seedlings exposed to perchlorate and their antioxidative defense mechanisms
Authors: Chen Gui-Kui , Li Xiao-Bing , He Hong-Zhi , Li Hua-Shou , Zhang Ze-Min 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate perchlorate (ClO4–) phytotoxicity in different rice varieties. Considerable variations were observed when 24 rice varieties were treated with ClO4–. The shoot height, root length, and biomass of most varieties were significantly reduced by ClO4–. The roots were more sensitive than the shoots. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated primarily 4 groups: ClO4–-sensitive, medium ClO4–-sensitive, medium ClO4– tolerant, and ClO4–-tolerant. Gannuoxiang (a ClO4–-tolerant variety) and IR65598-112-2 (a ClO4–-sensitive variety) were chosen to explore their antioxidant response when exposed to 0.2 mmol/L, 2.0 mmol/L, and 4.0 mmol/L ClO4–. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased in the shoots and roots of gannuoxiang with increasing doses of ClO4–, but both of them decreased at higher concentrations of ClO4– in IR65598-112-2. The addition of ClO4– led to a significant increase in peroxidase activities for both of the varieties, whereas the increase was more pronounced in gannuoxiang than in IR65598-112-2. No significant difference was found in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in gannuoxiang, whereas the addition of ClO4– increased the MDA level significantly in IR65598-112-2. The results indicated that gannuoxiang has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than IR65598-112-2 to cope with oxidative damage caused by ClO4– stress, which may be the main cause of its high tolerance. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1926–1933. © 2015 SETAC
Assessment of flow paths and confluences for saltwater intrusion in a deltaic river network
Authors: Cui Baoshan , Shao Xiaojing , Zhang Zhiming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSaltwater intrusion is a serious issue in estuarine deltas all over the world due to rapid urban sprawl and water shortage. Therefore, detecting the major flow paths or locations at risk of saltwater intrusion in estuarine ecosystems is important for mitigating saltwater intrusion. In this paper, we introduce a centrality index, the betweenness centrality (BC), to address this problem. Using the BC as the weighted attribute of the river network, we identify the critical confluences for saltwater intrusion and detect the preferential flow paths for saltwater intrusion through the least‐cost‐path algorithm from a graph theory approach. Moreover, we analyse the responses of the BC values of confluences calculated in the river network to salinity. Our results show that the major flow paths and critical confluences for saltwater intrusion in a deltaic river network can be represented by the least cost paths and the BC values of confluences, respectively. In addition, a significant positive correlation between the BC values of confluences and salinity is determined in the Pearl River Delta. Changes in the salinity can produce significant variation in the BC values of confluences. Therefore, freshwater can be diverted into these major flow paths and critical confluences to improve river network management under saltwater intrusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.