bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet transcription factors license the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of human monocytes
Authors: Hawwari Ibrahim , Rossnagel Lukas , Rosero Nathalia , Maasewerd Salie , Vasconcelos Matilde B , Jentzsch Marius , Demczuk Agnieszka , Teichmann Lino L , Meffert Lisa , Bertheloot Damien , Ribeiro Lucas S , Kallabis Sebastian , Meissner Felix , Arditi Moshe , Atici Asli E , Noval Rivas Magali , Franklin Bernardo S 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn humans, blood Classical CD14+ monocytes contribute to host defense by secreting large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Their aberrant activity causes hyper-inflammation and life-threatening cytokine storms, while dysfunctional monocytes are associated with ‘immunoparalysis’, a state of immune hypo responsiveness and reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression, predisposing individuals to opportunistic infections. Understanding how monocyte functions are regulated is critical to prevent these harmful outcomes. We reveal platelets’ vital role in the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of human monocytes. Naturally low platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia or removal of platelets from healthy monocytes result in monocyte immunoparalysis, marked by impaired cytokine response to immune challenge and weakened host defense transcriptional programs. Remarkably, supplementing monocytes with fresh platelets reverses these conditions. We discovered that platelets serve as reservoirs of key cytokine transcription regulators, such as NF-κB and MAPK p38, and pinpointed the enrichment of platelet NF-κB2 in human monocytes by proteomics. Platelets proportionally restore impaired cytokine production in human monocytes lacking MAPK p38α, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB2. We uncovered a vesicle-mediated platelet-monocyte-propagation of inflammatory transcription regulators, positioning platelets as central checkpoints in monocyte inflammation.
Pharmacological Gq inhibition induces strong pulmonary vasorelaxation and reverses pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Seidinger Alexander , Roberts Richard , Bai Yan , Müller Marion , Pfeil Eva , Matthey Michaela , Rieck Sarah , Alenfelder Judith , König Gabriele M , Pfeifer Alexander , Kostenis Evi , Klinke Anna , Fleischmann Bernd K , Wenzel Daniela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease with limited survival. Herein, we propose the pharmacological inhibition of Gq proteins as a novel concept to counteract pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation/migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PAH. We demonstrate that the specific pan-Gq inhibitor FR900359 (FR) induced a strong vasorelaxation in large and small pulmonary arteries in mouse, pig, and human subjects ex vivo. Vasorelaxation by FR proved at least as potent as the currently used triple therapy. We also provide in vivo evidence that local pulmonary application of FR prevented right ventricular systolic pressure increase in healthy mice as well as in mice suffering from hypoxia (Hx)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). In addition, we demonstrate that chronic application of FR prevented and also reversed Sugen (Su)Hx-induced PH in mice. We also demonstrate that Gq inhibition reduces proliferation and migration of PASMCs in vitro. Thus, our work illustrates a dominant role of Gq proteins for pulmonary vasoconstriction as well as remodeling and proposes direct Gq inhibition as a powerful pharmacological strategy in PH.
Observer‐based finite‐time time‐varying elliptical formation control of a group mobile mecanum‐wheeled omnidirectional vehicles for collaborative wildfire monitoring
Authors: Mawanza Joewell 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the issue of collaborative wildfire monitoring using a group mobile mecanum‐wheeled omnidirectional vehicles (MWOVs) affected by nonlinear uncertainties and external disturbances. By integrating finite‐time extended state observers (FTESO) and backstepping nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (BNFTSM) control method, an observer‐based finite‐time time‐varying elliptical formation control scheme is proposed for a group of MWOVs tasked with monitoring the propagation of wildfires in an elliptical pattern. First, the FTESO is employed to estimate the unavailable velocity system states and the lumped disturbances. Then, a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding surface, enhanced with an exponential term, is introduced to improve the convergence rate. Through the Lyapunov theorem, the convergence of position and velocity cooperative tracking errors to zero in fast finite‐time is demonstrated. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, comparative simulation results are presented.
High‐power mode‐hop‐free tunable DFB laser at 780 nm
Authors: Reggentin Matthias , Brox Olaf , Sammeta Poojitha , Casa Pietro Della , Stölmacker Christoph , Wenzel Sten , Koester Jan‐Philipp , Wenzel Hans , Knigge Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA distributed feedback laser with integrated quarter‐wave phase shift and more than 100 mW optical output power at an emission wavelength of 780 nm is presented. The laser provides mode‐hop‐free tuning over a wide range of injections currents and operating temperatures by design and can serve as an enabling component for more complex systems such as chips with additional monolithically integrated amplifiers, chip arrays and sources for hybrid integrated photonic circuits.
Evaluating the insulation condition of oil‐impregnated paper bushings based on the time constant database
Authors: Taghizade Ansari Hossein , Vahedi Abolfazl , Mahmoudi Nami 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAssessing the insulation condition of oil‐impregnated paper (OIP) bushings is necessary to guarantee the safe operation of power transformers. Moisture is the main threat to the insulation of OIP bushings. Therefore, accurately estimating their moisture value is crucial to keep power systems running smoothly. However, it has been suggested that the ageing status of OIP bushings should be considered while assessing the moisture. Dielectric frequency‐domain spectroscopy (FDS) has been extensively employed for assessing insulation condition of OIP insulations due to its benefits. A new approach was proposed to assess the insulation condition of OIP bushings using FDS results. Various OIP samples with various moisture levels and degrees of polymerisation (DP) were selected. The extended Debye model (EDM) parameters related to each sample were calculated using their tanδ − f curve. A time constant database (TCD) was created using the obtained time constants of EDM, which includes the dominant time constant and time constant related to the R0 – C0 branch, and their corresponding insulation condition. Then, a method was introduced based on the created TCD to estimate the insulation condition of OIP bushings. The results showed that the average relative error of moisture and DP estimation is 8.33% and 6.32%, respectively.
On the optimal game control in the DC microgrid systems
Authors: Mokhtarnejad Zahra , Nazarzadeh Jalal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces static and dynamic competitive optimal control of DC/DC converters in DC microgrids based on game theory considering mutual effects. Using static and dynamic game theories, the conditions for competitive optimal control of DC/DC converters in Nash equilibrium with static and dynamic states are determined. Also, to reduce the complexity in the design of competitive optimal control of DC/DC converters due to the bilinear dynamic model of the system, generalized objective functions are considered. The competitive optimal controls using the Lyapunov and Riccati equations are determined to track the system trajectory to Nash equilibrium. Also, the numerical and experimental results are presented and compared in several cases. The results show that the competitive optimal control of the DC/DC converters in the DC microgrids can effectively improve the performance of the system.
Fault ride through enhancement of large‐scale solar plants using distributed converters
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Hasan , Ghanbari Teymoor , Farjah Ebrahim , Mehraban Abbas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe grid‐connected photovoltaic plants (GCPVPs) encounter various types of anomalies during fault occurrence in the main grid. During a fault occurrence on the grid side, the voltage of the point of common coupling (PCC) drops, causing the DC connection voltage to become too high for power balancing. This high DC voltage may damage the inverter and DC link equipment, which necessitates a reliable control scheme with low voltage passage requirements. These requirements, which obligate the GCPVP to remain connected to the main grid during abnormal conditions are generally known as low voltage ride‐through (LVRT). Herein, a developed LVRT method in the control approach that injects maximum rated current during a sag is proposed to rectify the shortcomings in single and multi‐inverter grid topologies. The proposed approach utilizes a current limiter combined with a DC braking chopper to guarantee the GCPVP's continuous participation in the power supply. Different scenarios including low and high power generations as well as two‐phase and three‐phase severe faults to the ground are considered. The results show that the proposed approach not only improves the performance in the single‐inverter system but also remedies the defects aggravated in the case of a GCPVP with several inverters.
Energy‐based PINNs for solving coupled field problems: Concepts and application to the multi‐objective optimal design of an induction heater
Authors: Baldan Marco , Di Barba Paolo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhysics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) are neural networks (NNs) that directly encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), in the network itself. While most of the PINN algorithms in the literature minimize the local residual of the governing equations, there are energy‐based approaches that take a different path by minimizing the variational energy of the model. It is shown that in the case of the steady thermal equation weakly coupled to magnetic equation, the energy‐based approach displays multiple advantages compared to the standard residual‐based PINN: it is more computationally efficient, it requires a lower order of derivatives to compute, and it involves less hyperparameters. The analyzed benchmark problems are the single‐ and multi‐objective optimal design of an inductor for the controlled heating of a graphite plate. The optimized device is designed by involving a multi‐physics problem: a time‐harmonic magnetic problem and a steady thermal problem. For the former, a deep neural network solving the direct problem is supervisedly trained on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data. In turn, the solution of the latter relies on a hypernetwork that takes as input the inductor geometry parameters and outputs the model weights of an energy‐based PINN (or ePINN). Eventually, the ePINN predicts the temperature field within the graphite plate.
E-Health-basiertes individualisiertes Stufenmodell zur Prävention und
Therapie von Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter – die
STARKIDS-Studie
Authors: Erschens Rebecca , Junne Florian , Ehehalt Stefan , Giel Katrin , Zipfel Stephan , Ziser Katrin ,   das STARKIDS-Konsortium
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind
ein weltweites Gesundheitsproblem. Für die Behandlung fehlt es in Deutschland
bislang an flächendeckenden, strukturierten und leitliniengerechten ambulanten
Versorgungsangeboten. Diese Versorgungslücke möchte die vorliegende Studie
weiter schließen.
Methodik Das hier neu vorgestellte Behandlungskonzept STARKIDS hat zum
Ziel, Kinder und Jugendliche mit Übergewicht und Adipositas und deren Familien
für eine gesunde Gewichtsentwicklung zu stärken. Familien nehmen dabei an dem
eineinhalbjährigen onlinegestützten Schulungsprogramm teil und erfahren in fünf
bzw. sechs Präsenzschulungen Wissenswertes zu den Themen Ernährung, Bewegung,
Medienkonsum und Familienleben. Die begleitende Online-Plattform ermöglicht die
Vertiefung der Inhalte mithilfe von Reflexionen, serious games, Umsetzungshilfen
im Alltag und weiteren Ressourcen. Die Effektivität des Programms wird in einer
clusterrandomisierten kontrollierten Studie untersucht.
Ergebnisse Zwischen April 2022 und Juni 2023 konnten N=581 Familien
aus 70 Kinder- und Jugendarzt- bzw. Hausarztpraxen eingeschlossen werden, deren
Daten zur Auswertung zur Verfügung stehen. Erste Ergebnisse der
Prozessevaluation bieten Einblicke in die Erfahrungen und Perspektiven der
Teilnehmer*innen, die die positive Resonanz auf das STARKIDS-Programm
unterstreicht.
Schlussfolgerung STARKIDS zielt auf eine gesunde Gewichtsentwicklung von
Kindern und Jugendlichen ab. Dadurch soll langfristig ihre Lebensqualität und
soziale Teilhabe erhöht und das Risiko für Folge- und Begleiterkrankungen
gesenkt werden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass diese neue Versorgungsform in die
Regelversorgung der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen übernommen wird, um Familien mit
übergewichtigen Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland den dringend benötigten
wohnortnahen, flächendeckenden Zugang zu einer leitlinienbasierten Therapie zu
ermöglichen und um die hohen Gesundheitskosten, die durch Übergewicht und seine
Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen entstehen, zu senken.
Offene Frakturen der Hand – Ist die definitive osteosynthetische
Versorgung in der Notfallsituation alternativlos?
Authors: Vergote Daniel , Mentzel Martin , Bauknecht Simon , Moeller Richard-Tobias 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungFür die Behandlung offener Frakturen besteht eine Notfallindikation.
Frakturstabilisierung und Versorgung des Weichgewebes bilden gleichermaßen die
Voraussetzung für einen komplikationslosen Behandlungsverlauf und ein gutes
funktionelles Ergebnis. In der Regel erfolgt die operative Versorgung innerhalb
der ersten sechs Stunden nach dem Trauma. Eine starke Verschmutzung der Wunde
und eine kritische Perfusion limitieren die Möglichkeiten übungsstabiler
Osteosynthesen in der Notfallsituation. Darüber hinaus kann unter begrenzten
Ressourcen auch das Zeitfenster von sechs Stunden zur Herausforderung werden.
Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob unter gewissen Kautelen vom klassischen
Procedere dahingehend abgewichen werden kann, dass primär notfallmäßig nur eine
chirurgische Wundversorgung vorgenommen wird und die definitive
Frakturversorgung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erfolgt. Zwischen 2019 und 2021
wurden 301 Patienten mit offenen Frakturen des Handskeletts behandelt
(Altersmedian 44 Jahre, 85% m, 15% w). Bei 215 Patienten erfolgte die definitive
Versorgung notfallmäßig primär (Kollektiv A), bei 86 Patienten im Intervall nach
durchschnittlich 3 Tagen (Kollektiv B), nachdem am Unfalltag eine chirurgische
Wundversorgung, Schienenanlage und antibiotische Abdeckung vorgenommen worden
war. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden folgende Kriterien analysiert:
Komorbiditäten, Verletzungsmuster, Lokalisation der Verletzung, Zeitpunkt der
Versorgung, Anzahl der Folgeeingriffe, Infektionsrate, Dauer der stationären
Behandlung. Bei sechs Patienten (1,9%) war der Verlauf durch eine Infektion
verkompliziert. Fünf Patienten gehörten dem Kollektiv A an (Infektrate 2,3%) und
nur ein Patient dem Kollektiv B (Infektrate 1,1%). Alle sechs Infektionen traten
nach Quetschverletzungen auf, alle am Endglied bzw. Endgelenk. Diese Zahlen
unterstreichen die Bedeutung des Weichgewebstraumas und einer primären
Stumpfbildung. Komorbiditäten waren in unserer Studie hinsichtlich eines
Infektgeschehens statistisch nicht von Bedeutung. Zusammenfassend kann
festgestellt werden, dass unter Antibiotikaschutz die definitive Versorgung
einer offenen Fraktur im Intervall möglich ist, wenn notfallmäßig primär eine
chirurgische Wundversorgung mit nachfolgender Ruhigstellung erfolgt.
Der Einfluss gesetzlicher Dokumentationsanforderungen auf die ärztliche Praxis am Beispiel eines regionalen Schwerpunktkrankenhauses: eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Schröder Guido , Pawliczek Luisa , Glass Änne , Schober Hans-Christof 
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Ärztinnen und Ärzte kritisieren die Arbeitsbedingungen in deutschen Krankenhäusern. Sie beklagen insbesondere lange Arbeitszeiten, eine unzureichende Entlohnung für ihre Arbeit, mangelnde Fort- und Weiterbildung sowie einen zunehmenden Zeitaufwand für Verwaltungsaufgaben. Da es sich bei diesen Kritikpunkten um überwiegend subjektive Wahrnehmungen handelt, wurden in dieser Studie die Arbeitsabläufe von Ärztinnen und Ärzten in einem regionalen deutschen Schwerpunktkrankenhaus feinskalig dokumentiert, die zugehörigen Arbeitszeiten gemessen und anschließend statistisch ausgewertet.
Methoden Neun Ärztinnen und Ärzte aus den Fachrichtungen Innere Medizin, Chirurgie und Anästhesie/Intensivmedizin wurden während ihrer Schichten in einem städtischen deutschen Krankenhaus insgesamt 216 Stunden lang beobachtet. Alle von den Ärztinnen und Ärzten durchgeführten Arbeitsschritte wurden mit einem Beobachtungsprotokoll aufgezeichnet.
Ergebnisse Die tägliche Dokumentationszeit aller Fachgruppen betrug im Durchschnitt mit 93,1 ± 23,4 Minuten 19,4 % der ärztlichen Zeit, wobei für Internistinnen und Internisten mit 120,2 ± 15,0 der größte Zeitaufwand (25 %) anfällt. Die Computernutzung während eines achtstündigen Arbeitstages lag im Durchschnitt bei 123,5 ± 44,4 Minuten, wobei Chirurginnen und Chirurgen mit 71,5 ± 16,6 die kürzesten PC-Zeiten haben. Die direkte patientenbezogene Arbeitszeit (ohne OP-Zeit) lag mit 33,8 ± 22,7 Minuten (7 %) deutlich unter der täglichen Dokumentationszeit (93,1 Minuten), war jedoch unter Einbeziehung chirurgischer Operationstätigkeiten mit 80,7 ± 62,9 Minuten vergleichbar mit dem Dokumentationsaufwand.
Diskussion Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde in einem Pilotansatz zum ersten Mal der Arbeitsablauf von Ärztinnen und Ärzten unterschiedlicher Fachrichtungen in einem deutschen Krankenhaus in Echtzeit untersucht. Erkannt wurde ein Missverhältnis zwischen administrativen und patientennahen Tätigkeiten im stationären Sektor. Gesetzliche und wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussen die medizinische Versorgung ferner negativ. Es ist notwendig, Lösungsstrategien zu entwickeln, um die ärztlichen Ressourcen effektiv zu nutzen und eine hohe Versorgungsqualität sicherzustellen.
Loop9 closure technique for mucosal defects after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video)
Authors: Tanabe Mayo , Inoue Haruhiro , Shimamura Yuto , Toshimori Akiko , Navarro Marc Julius Hernandez , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Shiomi Daijiro , Kishi Yumi , Ushikubo Kei , Nishikawa Yohei , Onimaru Manabu , Ito Takayoshi , Uragami Naoyuki , Yokoyama Noboru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Mucosal defect closure after colorectal
endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has the potential to reduce the occurrence of delayed
adverse events (AEs) such as bleeding and perforation. This study aimed to assess the
feasibility and effectiveness of the Loop9 method for closing mucosal defects following
colorectal ESD.
Patients and methods A retrospective single-center study was
conducted using prospectively collected data from May 2020 to March 2023. Loop9 was deployed
through a single instrument channel and anchored with clips at the defect site. Closure was
accomplished by tightening the loop and deploying additional conventional clips as needed for
complete closure. The primary outcome was complete closure rate, with secondary outcomes
including the sustained closure rate at 4 to 5 days post-ESD, closed defect size, closure
time, number of additional clips, and incidence of delayed AEs.
Results This study included 118 cases. Complete closure was
achieved in 96.6% of cases (114/118) with a sustained closure rate of 93.9% (107/114). The
median size of the closed mucosal defects was 30 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 25–38, range:
15–74). The median closure time was 14 minutes (IQR: 11.25–17), and the median number of
additional clips deployed was six (IQR: 4–7). Stenosis requiring balloon dilatation was
observed in one patient; however, there were no instances of post-ESD bleeding or delayed
perforation.
Conclusions The Loop9 method proved feasible and effective for
closing mucosal defects following colorectal ESD, achieving high rates of complete and
sustained closure.
Regional-based static and dynamic alterations in Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study
Authors: Usha Kuppe Channappa , Suma Honnenahally Ningappa , Appaji Abhishek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Alzheimer disease (AD) leads to cognitive decline and alters functional connectivity (FC) in key brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assesses these changes using static-FC for overall correlation and dynamic-FC for temporal variability.
Objective In AD, there is altered FC compared to normal conditions. The present study investigates possible region-specific functional abnormalities occurring longitudinally over 1 year. Our aim is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the static and dynamic approaches in identifying biomarkers of AD progression.
Methods The study involved 15 AD and 20 healthy participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) database, tracked over 2 visits within 1 year. Using constrained-independent component analysis, we assessed FC changes across 80-regions of interest in AD over the year, examining both static and dynamic conditions.
Results The average regional FC decreased in AD compared to healthy subjects at baseline and after 1 year. The dynamic condition identifies similarities with a few additional changes in the FC compared to the static condition. In both analyses, the baseline assessment revealed reduced connectivity between the following regions: right-middle-occipital and left-superior-occipital, left-hippocampus and right-postcentral, left-lingual and left-fusiform, and precuneus and left-thalamus. Additionally, increased connectivity was found between the left-superior-occipital and precuneus regions. In the 1-year AD assessment, increased connectivity was noted between the right-superior-temporal-pole and right-insular, right-hippocampus and left-caudate, right-middle-occipital and right-superior-temporal-pole, and posterior-cingulate-cortex and middle-temporal-pole regions.
Conclusion Significant changes were observed at baseline in the frontal, occipital, and core basal-ganglia regions, progressing towards the temporal lobe and subcortical regions in the following year. After 1 year, we observed the aforementioned region-specific neurological differences in AD, significantly aiding diagnosis and disease tracking.
The tontine and the public sphere: Ireland and Scotland compared, 1772–1850
Authors: McDiarmid Andrew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been a surge of interest in tontines, including their history and potential modern applications. While scholarly work has focussed on how tontines were organised, nominee selection, and the use of raised funds, little attention has been paid to their cultural impact. This article starts to address this gap by comparing tontine development in Ireland and Scotland, where the scheme was more than a revenue-raising tool. In these countries, it contributed to the public sphere through broad public discourse in newspapers and pamphlets and by raising funds for spaces including meeting rooms, coffeehouses, theatres, and hotels. The tontine’s influence in these regions therefore extended beyond the financial.