bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Journey to vaccination: a protocol for a multinational qualitative study
Authors: Wheelock Ana , Miraldo Marisa , Parand Anam , Vincent Charles , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionIn the past two decades, childhood vaccination coverage has increased dramatically, averting an estimated 2–3 million deaths per year. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains inconsistently recorded and substandard. Although structural barriers are known to limit coverage, social and psychological factors can also affect vaccine uptake. Previous qualitative studies have explored beliefs, attitudes and preferences associated with seasonal influenza (flu) vaccination uptake, yet little research has investigated how participants’ context and experiences influence their vaccination decision-making process over time. This paper aims to provide a detailed account of a mixed methods approach designed to understand the wider constellation of social and psychological factors likely to influence adult vaccination decisions, as well as the context in which these decisions take place, in the USA, the UK, France, India, China and Brazil.Methods and analysisWe employ a combination of qualitative interviewing approaches to reach a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing vaccination decisions, specifically seasonal flu and tetanus. To elicit these factors, we developed thejourney to vaccination, a new qualitative approach anchored on theheuristics and biasestradition and thecustomer journey mappingapproach. A purposive sampling strategy is used to select participants who represent a range of key sociodemographic characteristics. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse the data. Typical journeys to vaccination will be proposed.Ethics and disseminationVaccination uptake is significantly influenced by social and psychological factors, some of which are under-reported and poorly understood. This research will provide a deeper understanding of the barriers and drivers to adult vaccination. Our findings will be published in relevant peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences. They will also be presented as practical recommendations at policy and industry meetings and healthcare professionals’ forums. This research was approved by relevant local ethics committees.
A randomised controlled trial of a consumer-focused e-health strategy for cardiovascular risk management in primary care: the Consumer Navigation of Electronic Cardiovascular Tools (CONNECT) study protocol
Authors: Redfern Julie , Usherwood T , Harris M F , Rodgers A , Hayman N , Panaretto K , Chow C , Lau A Y S , Neubeck L , Coorey G , Hersch F , Heeley E , Patel A , Jan S , Zwar N , Peiris D 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionFewer than half of all people at highest risk of a cardiovascular event are receiving and adhering to best practice recommendations to lower their risk. In this project, we examine the role of an e-health-assisted consumer-focused strategy as a means of overcoming these gaps between evidence and practice. Consumer Navigation of Electronic Cardiovascular Tools (CONNECT) aims to test whether a consumer-focused e-health strategy provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-indigenous adults, recruited through primary care, at moderate-to-high risk of a cardiovascular disease event will improve risk factor control when compared with usual care.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trial of 2000 participants with an average of 18 months of follow-up to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated consumer-directed e-health portal on cardiovascular risk compared with usual care in patients with cardiovascular disease or who are at moderate-to-high cardiovascular disease risk. The trial will be augmented by formal economic and process evaluations to assess acceptability, equity and cost-effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention group will participate in a consumer-directed e-health strategy for cardiovascular risk management. The programme is electronically integrated with the primary care provider's software and will include interactive smart phone and Internet platforms. The primary outcome is a composite endpoint of the proportion of people meeting the Australian guideline-recommended blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol targets. Secondary outcomes include change in mean BP and fasting cholesterol levels, proportion meeting BP and cholesterol targets separately, self-efficacy, health literacy, self-reported point prevalence abstinence in smoking, body mass index and waist circumference, self-reported physical activity and self-reported medication adherence.Ethics and disseminationPrimary ethics approval was received from the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee and the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council. Results will be disseminated via the usual scientific forums including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international conferencesClinical Trials registration numberACTRN12613000715774.
Infrequent and incomplete registration of test accuracy studies: analysis of recent study reports
Authors: Korevaar Daniël A , Bossuyt Patrick M M , Hooft Lotty 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo identify the proportion of articles reporting on test accuracy for which the corresponding study had been registered.DesignAnalysis of a consecutive sample of published study reports.ParticipantsPubMed was searched for publications in journals with an impact factor of 5 or higher in May and June 2012. Articles were included if they reported on original studies evaluating the accuracy of one or more diagnostic or prognostic tests or markers against a clinical reference standard in humans.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was registration of the reported test accuracy study. We additionally explored study characteristics associated with registration.ResultsWe found 1941 references; 351 study reports fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 52 studies (15%) had been registered. Of these, 27 (52%) provided a registration number in the publication, and 12 (23%) provided a reference to the publication in the registry. Registration rates were similar for studies on diagnostic versus those on prognostic tests, and among studies on imaging tests versus those on laboratory techniques. Studies reporting some form of industry involvement were more often registered (33%) than studies reporting another source of funding (11%), and studies without a (reported) source of (external) funding (9%; p<0.001). Of the registered studies, 8 (15%) had been registered after completion, 14 were registered before initiation (27%) and 30 (58%) between initiation and completion. Only 16 (31%; 5% of the total sample) had registered the published primary outcome measures before completion.ConclusionsFew test accuracy studies published in higher impact journals are registered. Only 1 in 22 of such studies register their primary outcomes before study completion. Owing to the reasons for registering studies that investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between health-related interventions and health outcomes also apply to test accuracy studies, prospective study registration of these studies should be further promoted among investigators and journal editors.
The preventive effects of low-dose enteric-coated aspirin tablets on the development of colorectal tumours in Asian patients: a randomised trial
Authors: Ishikawa Hideki , Mutoh Michihiro , Suzuki Sadao , Tokudome Shinkan , Saida Yoshihisa , Abe Takashi , Okamura Shozo , Tajika Masahiro , Joh Takashi , Tanaka Shinji , Kudo Shin-ei , Matsuda Takahisa , Iimuro Masaki , Yukawa Tomomi , Takayama Tetsuji , Sato Yasushi , Lee Kyowon , Kitamura Shinji , Mizuno Motowo , Sano Yasushi , Gondo Nobuhisa , Sugimoto Kenji , Kusunoki Masato , Goto Chiho , Matsuura Nariaki , Sakai Toshiyuki , Wakabayashi Keiji 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of low-dose, enteric-coated aspirin tablets (100 mg/day for 2 years) on colorectal tumour recurrence in Asian patients with single/multiple colorectal tumours excised by endoscopy.DesignA double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trial was conducted.Participants311 subjects with single/multiple colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas excised by endoscopy were enrolled in the study (152 patients in the aspirin group and 159 patients in the placebo group). Enrolment began at the hospitals (n=19) in 2007 and was completed in 2009.ResultsThe subjects treated with aspirin displayed reduced colorectal tumourigenesis and primary endpoints with an adjusted OR of 0.60 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.98) compared with the subjects in the placebo group. Subgroup analysis revealed that subjects who were non-smokers, defined as those who had smoked in the past or who had never smoked, had a marked reduction in the number of recurrent tumours in the aspirin-treated group. The adjusted OR for aspirin treatment in non-smokers was 0.37 (CI 0.21 to 0.68, p<0.05). Interestingly, the use of aspirin in smokers resulted in an increased risk, with an OR of 3.44. In addition, no severe adverse effects were observed in either group.ConclusionsLow-dose, enteric-coated aspirin tablets reduced colorectal tumour recurrence in an Asian population. The results are consistent with those obtained from other randomised controlled trials in Western countries.The clinical trial registry website and the clinical trial numberhttp://www.umin.ac.jp(number UMIN000000697).
Cell lineage distribution atlas of the human stomach reveals heterogeneous gland populations in the gastric antrum
Authors: Choi Eunyoung , Roland Joseph T , Barlow Brittney J , O'Neal Ryan , Rich Amy E , Nam Ki Taek , Shi Chanjuan , Goldenring James R 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveThe glands of the stomach body and antral mucosa contain a complex compendium of cell lineages. In lower mammals, the distribution of oxyntic glands and antral glands define the anatomical regions within the stomach. We examined in detail the distribution of the full range of cell lineages within the human stomach.DesignWe determined the distribution of gastric gland cell lineages with specific immunocytochemical markers in entire stomach specimens from three non-obese organ donors.ResultsThe anatomical body and antrum of the human stomach were defined by the presence of ghrelin and gastrin cells, respectively. Concentrations of somatostatin cells were observed in the proximal stomach. Parietal cells were seen in all glands of the body of the stomach as well as in over 50% of antral glands. MIST1 expressing chief cells were predominantly observed in the body although individual glands of the antrum also showed MIST1 expressing chief cells. While classically described antral glands were observed with gastrin cells and deep antral mucous cells without any parietal cells, we also observed a substantial population of mixed type glands containing both parietal cells and G cells throughout the antrum.ConclusionsEnteroendocrine cells show distinct patterns of localisation in the human stomach. The existence of antral glands with mixed cell lineages indicates that human antral glands may be functionally chimeric with glands assembled from multiple distinct stem cell populations.
Release kinetics of early ischaemic biomarkers in a clinical model of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Liebetrau Christoph , Nef Holger M , Dörr Oliver , Gaede Luise , Hoffmann Jedrzej , Hahnel Astrid , Rolf Andreas , Troidl Christian , Lackner Karl J , Keller Till , Hamm Christian W , Möllmann Helge 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the release kinetics of different biomarkers with potential as novel early ischaemic biomarkers in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); it is difficult to establish the detailed release kinetics in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsWe analysed the release kinetics of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1), ischaemia modified albumin (IMA), and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who were undergoing transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy (TASH), a procedure mimicking AMI. Consecutive patients (n=21) undergoing TASH were included. Blood samples were collected before TASH and 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 min and 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after TASH. sFlt-1 and hFABP were quantified in serum, and IMA was quantified in plasma using immunoassays.ResultssFLT-1 and hFABP increased significantly 15 min after induction of AMI vs baseline as follows: sFlt-1, 3657.5 ng/L (IQR 2302.3–4475.0) vs 76.0 ng/L (IQR 71.2–88.8) (p<0.001); hFABP, 9.0 ng/mL (IQR 7.0–15.4) vs 4.6 ng/mL (IQR 3.4–7.1) (p<0.001). sFlt-1 demonstrated a continuous decrease after the 15th min. hFABP showed a continuous increase until the 8th hour with a decline afterwards. The IMA concentrations increased significantly 30 min after induction of AMI vs baseline, with values of 26.0 U/mL (IQR 21.8–38.6) vs 15.6 U/mL (IQR 10.1–24.7) (p=0.02), and then decreased after 75 min.ConclusionssFlt-1 and hFABP increased very early after induction of myocardial ischaemia, showing different release kinetics. The additional information provided by these findings is helpful for developing their potential combined use with cardiac troponins in patients with suspected AMI.
Practical techniques for reducing radiation exposure during cerebral angiography procedures
Authors: Pearl Monica S , Torok Collin , Wang Jiangxia , Wyse Emily , Mahesh Mahadevappa , Gailloud Philippe 
Published: February 2014

PurposeDSA remains the gold standard imaging method for the evaluation of many cerebrovascular disorders, in particular cerebral aneurysms and vascular malformations. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of modifying DSA frame rate, fluoroscopic and roadmap pulse rates, and flat panel detector (FPD) position on the radiation dose delivered during routine views for a cerebral angiogram in a phantom model.Materials and methodsAdult skull and abdomen/pelvis anthropomorphic phantoms were used to compare the radiation dose metrics Ka,r (in mGy), PKA (in μGym2), and fluoroscopy time (in minutes) after modification of fluoroscopic pulses per second (p/s), DSA frames per second (f/s), and FPD position and collimation in three components of a cerebral angiogram: (1) femoral artery access, (2) roadmap guidance, and (3) biplane cerebral DSA.ResultsFor femoral artery access, DSA protocols resulted in significantly higher doses than those utilizing fluoroscopy alone (p=0.007). Roadmaps using 3 p/s or 4 p/s delivered significantly less dose than higher pulse rates (p=0.008). The ranges of delivered doses for biplane cerebral DSA were 347.3–1188.5 mGy and 3914.54–9518.78 μGym2. The lowest radiation doses were generated by the variable frame rate DSA protocols.ConclusionsReplacing femoral arterial access evaluations by DSA with fluoroscopy, utilizing lower pulse rates during fluoroscopy and roadmap guidance, and choosing variable frame rates for DSA are simple techniques that may be considered by operators in their clinical practices to lower radiation dose during cerebral angiography procedures.
Microbiotic signatures of the Anthropocene in marginal marine and freshwater palaeoenvironments
Authors: Wilkinson I. P. , Poirier C. , Head M. J. , Sayer C. D. , Tibby J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The term ‘Anthropocene’ has been proposed to indicate a geological interval characterized by global anthropogenic environmental change. This paper attempts to recognize a method by which the Anthropocene can be defined micropalaeontologically. In order to do this, microfloras and microfaunas (diatoms, macrophytes, dinoflagellate cysts, foraminifera and ostracods) from nearshore waters through to paralic and freshwater aquatic milieux are considered, and biotic variability with an anthropogenic causation identified. Microbiotic change can be related to anthropogenically induced extinctions, pollution-related mutation, environmentally influenced assemblage variability, geochemistry of carapaces/tests, floral change related to lacustrine acidification, faunal and floral correlation to industrial and agricultural signatures and introduction of exotic species via shipping. The influence of humanity on a local scale can be recognized in assemblages as far back as 5000 years BP. However, widespread anthropogenic change took place in Europe and America, particularly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, although in Asia (e.g. Japan) it cannot be observed prior to the twentieth century. Profound and global biotic change began in the mid-twentieth century and, if the Anthropocene is to be defined in this way, then the period 1940–1945 might encompass the biotic base of the interval.
Temperatures of the pyroclastic density currents deposits emplaced in the last 22 kyr at Somma–Vesuvius (Italy)
Authors: Zanella Elena , Sulpizio Roberto , Gurioli Lucia , Lanza Roberto 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The temperature of the deposits (
T
dep
) emplaced by the pyroclastic density current (PDC) generated by the seven major explosive eruptions from Somma–Vesuvius during the last 22 kyr were investigated using the thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) of lithic clasts embedded within the deposits. New data are presented for the Pomici di Base, Greenish Pumice, Mercato and 1631 AD deposits and compared to the literature data from the Avellino, 79 AD-Pompeii and 472 AD-Pollena eruptions. The
T
dep
mainly fall in the range 270–370 °C and no significant correlation is evidenced between sedimentological features, eruptive and depositional processes and the final
T
dep
. The admixture of ambient air during the run-out appears the most effective process to cool the temperature of the ash and gases of the PDC, and is therefore the main factor affecting the deposit temperature.
shRNA Kinome Screen Identifies TBK1 as a Therapeutic Target for HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Deng Tao , Liu Jeff C. , Chung Philip E.D. , Uehling David , Aman Ahmed , Joseph Babu , Ketela Troy , Jiang Zhe , Schachter Nathan F. , Rottapel Robert , Egan Sean E. , Al-awar Rima , Moffat Jason , Zacksenhaus Eldad 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
HER2+ breast cancer is currently treated with chemotherapy plus anti-HER2 inhibitors. Many patients do not respond or relapse with aggressive metastatic disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutics that can target HER2+ breast cancer and potentiate the effect of anti-HER2 inhibitors, in particular those that can target tumor-initiating cells (TIC). Here, we show that MMTV-Her2/Neu mammary tumor cells cultured as nonadherent spheres or as adherent monolayer cells select for stabilizing mutations in p53 that “immortalize” the cultures and that, after serial passages, sphere conditions maintain TICs, whereas monolayer cells gradually lose these tumorigenic cells. Using tumorsphere formation as surrogate for TICs, we screened p53-mutant Her2/Neu+ tumorsphere versus monolayer cells with a lentivirus short hairpin RNA kinome library. We identified kinases such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the TGFβR protein family, previously implicated in HER2+ breast cancer, as well as autophagy factor ATG1/ULK1 and the noncanonical IκB kinase (IKK), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which have not been previously linked to HER2+ breast cancer. Knockdown of TBK1 or pharmacologic inhibition of TBK1 and the related protein, IKKϵ, suppressed growth of both mouse and human HER2+ breast cancer cells. TBK1/IKKϵ inhibition promoted cellular senescence by suppressing p65–NF-κB and inducing p16Ink4a. In addition, TBK1/IKKϵ inhibition cooperated with lapatinib, a HER2/EGFR1–targeted drug, to accelerate apoptosis and kill HER2+ breast cancer cells both in culture and in xenografts. Our results suggest that patients with HER2+ breast cancer may benefit from anti-TBK1/IKKϵ plus anti-HER2 combination therapies and establish conditions that can be used to screen for additional TIC-specific inhibitors of HER2+ breast cancer. Cancer Res; 74(7); 2119–30. ©2014 AACR.
Integrative Analysis of 1q23.3 Copy-Number Gain in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Riester Markus , Werner Lillian , Bellmunt Joaquim , Selvarajah Shamini , Guancial Elizabeth A. , Weir Barbara A. , Stack Edward C. , Park Rachel S. , O'Brien Robert , Schutz Fabio A.B. , Choueiri Toni K. , Signoretti Sabina , Lloreta Josep , Marchionni Luigi , Gallardo Enrique , Rojo Federico , Garcia Denise I. , Chekaluk Yvonne , Kwiatkowski David J. , Bochner Bernard H. , Hahn William C. , Ligon Azra H. , Barletta Justine A. , Loda Massimo , Berman David M. , Kantoff Philip W. , Michor Franziska , Rosenberg Jonathan E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurpose: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is associated with multiple somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs). We evaluated SCNAs to identify predictors of poor survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.Experimental Design: We obtained overall survival (OS) and array DNA copy-number data from patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma in two cohorts. Associations between recurrent SCNAs and OS were determined by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for performance status and visceral disease. mRNA expression was evaluated for potential candidate genes by NanoString nCounter to identify transcripts from the region that are associated with copy-number gain. In addition, expression data from an independent cohort were used to identify candidate genes.Results: Multiple areas of recurrent significant gains and losses were identified. Gain of 1q23.3 was independently associated with a shortened OS in both cohorts [adjusted HR, 2.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–6.48; P = 0.01 and adjusted HR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.43–17.73; P &lt; 0.001]. The F11R, PFDN2, PPOX, USP21, and DEDD genes, all located on 1q23.3, were closely associated with poor outcome.Conclusions: 1q23.3 copy-number gain displayed association with poor survival in two cohorts of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The identification of the target of this copy-number gain is ongoing, and exploration of this finding in other disease states may be useful for the early identification of patients with poor-risk urothelial carcinoma. Prospective validation of the survival association is necessary to demonstrate clinical relevance. Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1873–83. ©2014 AACR.