bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variant of AKT1 and AKTIP associated with late‐onset depression in a Brazilian population
Authors: Pereira Patricia Araújo , Bicalho Maria Aparecida Camargos , de Moraes Edgar Nunes , Malloy‐Diniz Leandro , Bozzi Isadora Cristine Reis Sguizzato , Nicolato Rodrigo , Valadão Daniela Rosa , Miranda Debora Marques , Romano‐Silva Marco Aurélio 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesExamine the association between polymorphisms in the AKT1 and AKTIP genes and late‐onset depression (LOD). Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases. LOD is a disorder that starts after 65 years old. AKT1 is a downstream enzyme that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurotransmitter‐related disorders, such as depression. The identification of a novel AKT1‐binding protein (AKTIP) was pointed as an important new target. AKTIP binds directly to AKT1, enhancing the phosphorylation of regulatory sites, and this modulation are affected by AKT1 activation. The association of AKT1 and AKTIP polymorphisms with depressive symptoms was not investigated in LOD.DesignGenotype tagSNPs in the AKT1 and AKTIP in LOD patients and controls.SettingsAn academic medical center.ParticipantsSample composed by 190 outpatients with LOD and 77 healthy individuals.MeasuresThe participants were evaluated using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria, MINI‐PLUS and the Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsOur findings suggested an association between the tagSNP rs3730358 homozygous A/A (p = 0.006) and LOD. A strong association of allele A and increased association for LOD was demonstrated with tagSNP rs3730358 (p‐value = 0.003).LimitationsLimitation include composition of our control group, where the exclusion criteria generated a kind of super‐healthy older group what might have produced a hidden stratification when compared with the LOD.ConclusionThis study is the first one to establish the association of the AKT1/AKTIP genes and LOD, and further studies are necessary to clarify the functional role of these proteins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trajectories of cognitive decline by driving mobility: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Choi Moon , Lohman Matthew C. , Mezuk Briana 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveThe recent emphasis of the importance of “aging in place” has highlighted the role of transportation in health promotion over the life course. Driving cessation in later life is associated with numerous poor health outcomes including limitations in social and physical functioning and increased risk of mortality. However, little is known about the relationship between driving cessation and change in cognitive functioning in late life. This study examined the association between driving mobility and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults.MethodsUsing data from six waves [1998–2008] of the Health and Retirement Study, trajectories of cognitive functioning were estimated over a 10‐year period using longitudinal mixed effects models [N = 9,135]. Cognitive function was assessed with a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Driving status and health characteristics were assessed by self‐report.ResultsOlder adults who did not drive (former and never drivers) at baseline had lower average cognitive scores compared with active drivers. Former drivers had accelerated cognitive decline over the subsequent 10 years compared with active drivers (β = −0.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = −0.43 to −0.26) even after controlling for baseline cognitive functioning and health status. The transition to non‐driving was associated with a faster cognitive decline among those who were driving at baseline (β = −0.31, 95% CI = −0.40 to −0.22).ConclusionsOlder adults without driving mobility had poorer cognitive functioning at baseline and experienced accelerated cognitive decline relative to active drivers over follow‐up. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural bases of individual variation in decision time
Authors: Hu Sien , Tseng Yuan‐Chi , Winkler Alissa D. , Li Chiang‐Shan R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPeople make decisions by evaluating existing evidence against a threshold or level of confidence. Individuals vary widely in response times even when they perform a simple task in the laboratory. We examine the neural bases of this individual variation by combining computational modeling and brain imaging of 64 healthy adults performing a stop signal task. Behavioral performance was modeled by an accumulator model that describes the process of information growth to reach a threshold to respond. In this model, go trial reaction time (goRT) is jointly determined by the information growth rate, threshold, and movement time (MT). In a linear regression of activations in successful go and all stop (Go+Stop) trials against goRT across participants, the insula, supplementary motor area (SMA), pre‐SMA, thalamus including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and caudate head respond to increasing goRT. Among these areas, the insula, SMA, and thalamus including the STN respond to a slower growth rate, the caudate head responds to an elevated threshold, and the pre‐SMA responds to a longer MT. In the regression of Go+Stop trials against the stop signal reaction time (SSRT), the pre‐SMA shows a negative correlation with SSRT. These results characterize the component processes of decision making and elucidate the neural bases of a critical aspect of inter‐subject variation in human behavior. These findings also suggest that the pre‐SMA may play a broader role in response selection and cognitive control rather than simply response inhibition in the stop signal task. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2531–2542, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multi‐storage groundwater concept for the SWAT model to emphasize nonlinear groundwater dynamics in lowland catchments
Authors: Pfannerstill Matthias , Guse Björn , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHydrological models are useful tools to analyze present and future conditions of water quantity and quality. The integrated modelling of water and nutrients needs an adequate representation of the different discharge components. In common with many lowlands, groundwater contribution to the discharge in the North German lowlands is a key factor for a reasonable representation of the water balance, especially in low flow periods. Several studies revealed that the widely used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model performs poorly for low flow periods.This paper deals with the extension of the groundwater module of the SWAT model to enhance low flow representation. The current two‐storage concept of SWAT was further developed to a three‐storage concept. This was realized due to modification of the groundwater module by splitting the active groundwater storage into a fast and a slow contributing aquifer.The results of this study show that the groundwater module with three storages leads to a good prediction of the overall discharge especially for the recession limbs and the low flow periods. The improved performance is reflected in the signature measures for the mid‐segment (percent bias −2.4% vs −15.9%) and the low segment (percent bias 14.8% vs 46.8%) of the flow duration curve. The three‐storage groundwater module is more process oriented than the original version due to the introduction of a fast and a slow groundwater flow component. The three‐storage version includes a modular approach, because groundwater storages can be activated or deactivated independently for subbasin and hydrological response unit level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Interview with Margaret Topham
Authors: Crawley Jim 
Published: September 2013

When asked to interview Margaret Topham for the Journal, my initial resolve was to avoid the “tell me the story of your life” approach. Further reflection, however, led me to start the interview with the more traditional discussion of Margaret's early career and the story of her initial involvement in family therapy. Margaret is part of the history of family therapy in Australia and New Zealand, and the story needs to be told and recorded. To fail to do so would be unfair to Margaret and to the Antipodean family therapy movement.There are a number of ways an interview can be written up for publication. I have chosen to transcribe the tape of our discussion, and then to stick as closely as possible to a verbatim account of what Margaret had to say.
Can a Family Therapist do Statutory Work?
Authors: Furlong Mark 
Published: September 2013

Despite a clear interest in problems such as child abuse it appears that family therapists could work more extensively and constructively with statutory presentations. This paper proposes three reasons as partial explanation for the difficulty many therapists have in working with statutory cases. These reasons are: (i) a belief that social control is not the business of therapy, (ii) a belief in a particular and restrictive notion of neutrality, and (iii) a practice habit of talking less than directly to clients.The existence and persistence of these constraints to the effective provision of statutory services is related to the historical tradition which largely structures professional/client relationships. It is argued that this pattern is highly implicit in our work and can therefore act to restrict our practice and our ability to envisage alternatives.
Reclaiming the Emotional Aspects of the Therapist‐Family System
Authors: Smith Jenny , Osman Coll , Goding Margaret 
Published: September 2013

The shift from first to second order cybernetics has made the concept of the therapist‐family system part of the everyday discourse of family therapy. In spite of this shift, there is little focus in family therapy literature on the emotional aspects of the therapist‐family system. Relevant process concepts available to us at present, such as induction or accommodation, are poorly defined and inadequate.Three reasons for the neglect of the emotional aspects of family therapy are explored. They are, firstly, more recent theoretical and technical directions, secondly, the politics of gender and thirdly, the enduring difficulty of working with and writing about our own and families' powerful emotions.Finally, following a case example, some psychoanalytic concepts are described and discussed. It is possible that concepts such as counter‐transference and projective identification may enrich family therapists' understanding of what is happening within the therapist‐family system.
‘Diagnosis and Family Therapy: Traditional’ Psychiatry and the Concepts of Disease and Diagnosis
Authors: Harari Edwin 
Published: September 2013

The process of diagnosis in medicine and psychiatry is described. An historical review of the concept of disease provides three models of disease: (1) as a lesion (2) as a host environment relation (3) as a statistical concept, each of which has implications for diagnosis.Three models of psychiatric diagnosis are outlined — (1) the categorical (2) the dimensional, and (3) the multi‐axial. The limitations and deficiencies of each of these models are described, both in general terms and specifically in the light of family‐systems thinking.
Emotional Abuse in Therapy
Authors: Webster Michelle 
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the experiences of clients who have been emotionally abused in therapy. By this I mean the intentional and unintentional conduct they experienced from therapists towards them that was not in their best interests.By sharing these experiences, I will explore emotional abuse in therapy, how it can be defined, the effects of such on clients and the methods of healing these traumatic experiences. Recommendations will be discussed in the light of this information for practising therapists, professional training and development, standards and ethical committees.
The Teasing Syndrome in Facially Deformed Children
Authors: Gerrard Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2013

Teasing is a common occurrence in children and teenagers attending the Australian Cranio‐Facial Clinic (maybe as high as 40%). A pilot project was developed to obtain more information about teasing and its effect on children attending the Cranio‐Facial Clinic. From this work an hypothesis was developed about the dynamics of teasing at school and the consequences for the children in the form of sequential symptom development, which can evolve into a teasing syndrome. The syndrome begins with the child being upset, angry and miserable and evolves through social withdrawal, emergence of various psychosomatic symptoms and then proceeds to school failure and eventually to school refusal. At this point the child presents a clinical picture of being depressed and maybe suicidal. An innovative treatment method was used to teach the children to make an imaginary forcefield which they could use to beat teasing and this was evaluated using a single case design method.Further studies need to be done to ascertain the epidemiology of teasing in normal and handicapped children in schools and to further elucidate aspects of “The Teasing Syndrome”.
Family Work and Acquired Brain Damage
Authors: Perlesz Amaryll , Furlong Mark , McLachlan Diana 
Published: September 2013

Acquired Brain Damage (ABD) causes immense difficulties for individuals and families and is increasingly recognised as a serious community issue. This paper focuses on the burden placed on family members with a head injured relative. The authors propose that when working with families with a member with a neuropsychological condition, the family therapist may be required to embrace a more flexible role. Depending on the developmental needs of the family, the family therapist may at times:provide educational information about brain damage and its effectsarrange family support groups or wider network meetingsbe the family's advocate in the context of complex legal and financial bureaucraciesor undertake marital, sexual or family therapy when required. Whatever the role played, a ‘family sensitive practice’ approach by family therapists is advocated. It is also deemed useful to develop a theoretical assessment model which helps the therapist locate where individual family members are in their negotiation of the tasks of grieving, restructuring, identity reformation and achieving a sense of growth after head injury. Further implications for clinical practice are outlined.
Effects of gold and silver nanoparticles in cultured human osteoarthritic chondrocytes
Authors: Pascarelli Nicola Antonio , Moretti Elena , Terzuoli Gaia , Lamboglia Antonello , Renieri Tommaso , Fioravanti Antonella , Collodel Giulia 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations on cultured human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Cell viability and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were evaluated by light microscopy. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission gun‐based scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (FEG‐STEM/EDS) allowed us to localize NPs. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3 and 13 and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs ‐4 and ‐5 were carried out by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A cell viability test indicated a significant dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect of both NPs. At concentrations of 160 and 250 μM NP light microscopy showed chondrocytes with signs of apoptosis and an increased presence of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Au‐NPs were characterized by FEG‐STEM/EDS and TEM analysis localized NPs in cytoplasm and in endocytotic vesicles. On the contrary, the Ag‐NPs were undetectable by FEG‐STEM/EDS and TEM. Increased gene expression, particularly in matrix metalloproteinase‐3, was observed for both NPs (160 μM), but at a concentration of 250 μM the expression of the evaluated genes became lower. Our in vitro studies, although preliminary, suggest that engineered Au and Ag‐NPs appear to be harmful for human osteoarthritic chondrocytes in high concentrations (160–250 μM). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dopants on the biomechanical properties of conducting polymer films on platinum electrodes
Authors: Baek Sungchul , Green Rylie A. , Poole‐Warren Laura A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractConducting polymers have often been described in literature as a coating for metal electrodes which will dampen the mechanical mismatch with neural tissue, encouraging intimate cell interactions. However, there is very limited quantitative analysis of conducting polymer mechanics and the relation to tissue interactions. This article systematically analyses the impact of coating platinum (Pt) electrodes with the conducting polymer poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with a series of common anions which have been explored for neural interfacing applications. Nanoindentation was used to determine the coating modulus and it was found that the polymer stiffness increased as the size of the dopant ion was increased, with PEDOT doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) having the highest modulus at 3.2 GPa. This was more than double that of the ClO4 doped PEDOT at 1.3 GPa. Similarly, the electrical properties of these materials were shown to have a size dependent behavior with the smaller anions producing PEDOT films with the highest charge transfer capacity and lowest impedance. Coating stiffness was found to have a negligible effect on in vitro neural cell survival and differentiation, but rather polymer surface morphology, dopant toxicity and mobility is found to have the greatest impact. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2743–2754, 2014.
Oxygen diffusion and consumption in extracellular matrix gels: Implications for designing three‐dimensional cultures
Authors: Colom Adai , Galgoczy Roland , Almendros Isaac , Xaubet Antonio , Farré Ramon , Alcaraz Jordi 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) cultures are increasingly used as tissue surrogates to study many physiopathological processes. However, to what extent current 3D culture protocols provide physiologic oxygen tension conditions remains ill defined. To address this limitation, oxygen tension was measured in a panel of acellular or cellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) gels with A549 cells, and analyzed in terms of oxygen diffusion and consumption. Gels included reconstituted basement membrane, fibrin and collagen. Oxygen diffusivity in acellular gels was up to 40% smaller than that of water, and the lower values were observed in the denser gels. In 3D cultures, physiologic oxygen tension was achieved after 2 days in dense (≥3 mg/mL) but not sparse gels, revealing that the latter gels are not suitable tissue surrogates in terms of oxygen distribution. In dense gels, we observed a dominant effect of ECM composition over density in oxygen consumption. All diffusion and consumption data were used in a simple model to estimate ranges for gel thickness, seeding density and time‐window that may support physiologic oxygen tension. Thus, we identified critical variables for oxygen tension in ECM gels, and introduced a model to assess initial values of these variables, which may short‐cut the optimization step of 3D culture studies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2776–2784, 2014.
Biodegradable salicylate‐based poly(anhydride‐ester) microspheres for controlled insulin delivery
Authors: Delgado‐Rivera Roberto , Rosario‐Meléndez Roselin , Yu Weiling , Uhrich Kathryn E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSalicylate‐based poly(anhydride‐esters) (PAEs) chemically incorporate salicylic acid (SA) into the polymer backbone, which is then delivered in a controlled manner upon polymer hydrolysis. In this work, a salicylate‐based PAE is a carrier to encapsulate and deliver insulin. Polymer microspheres were formulated using a water/oil/water double‐emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The microspheres obtained had a smooth surface, high protein encapsulation efficiency, and relatively low emulsifier content. Insulin was released in vitro for 15 days, with no signs of aggregation or unfolding of the secondary structure. The released insulin also retained bioactivity in vitro. Concurrently, SA was released from the microspheres with polymer degradation and anti‐inflammatory activity was observed. Based upon these results, the formulated microspheres enable simultaneous delivery of insulin and SA, both retaining bioactivity following processing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2736–2742, 2014
Mechanisms of Trazodone‐Induced Cytotoxicity and the Protective Effects of Melatonin and/or Taurine toward Freshly Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Taziki Shohreh , Sattari Mohammad Reza , Eghbal Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been reported that the bioactive intermediate metabolites of trazodone might cause hepatotoxicity. This study was designed to investigate the exact mechanism of hepatocellular injury induced by trazodone as well as the protective effects of taurine and/or melatonin against this toxicity. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were used. Trazodone was cytotoxic and caused cell death with LC50 of 300 µm within 2 h. Trazodone caused an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, malondialdehyde accumulation, depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), rise of oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, which confirms the role of oxidative stress in trazodone‐induced cytotoxicity. Preincubation of hepatocytes with taurine prevented ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, depletion of intracellular reduced GSH, and increase of oxidized GSSG. Taurine could also protect mitochondria against trazodone‐induced toxicity. Administration of melatonin reduced the toxic effects of trazodone in isolated rat hepatocytes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:457‐462, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21509
The metabolic characteristicsof high‐production vitamin B12 by Pseudomonas denitrificans under dissolved oxygen step‐wise reduction
Authors: Peng Weifu , Cheng Xin , Zhang Hong‐yan , Li Kun‐Tai 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious research proved that fermentation via dissolved oxygen (DO) step‐wise reduction was favorable for vitamin B12 productivity by Pseudomonas denitrificans, but the high‐production mechanism is still unclear. Based on this fact, P. denitrificans metabolic characteristics under different DO supply models were investigated in a 5 L fermenter by assaying the activities of the key enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism and the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway.RESULTSCompared with fermentation processes under the DO‐stat strategy and DO step‐wise increase, it was found that DO step‐wise reduction for P. denitrificans fermentation could significantly strengthen the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas flux and weaken the tricarboxylic acid cycle and hexose monophosphate pathway, but also facilitate the activities of δ‐aminolevulinic acid synthase and porphobilinogen synthase.CONCLUSIONSWhen P. denitrificans fermentation was implemented using DO step‐wise reduction, the metabolic characteristics indicated that more precursors for vitamin B12 biosynthesis could be generated. As a result, a significant improvement in vitamin B12 productivity was achieved (69.09 ± 4.48 mg L−1). © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry