bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small stories and identities analysis as a framework for the study of im/politeness-in-interaction
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough (socio)linguistic studies of im/politeness and identities present many parallels in their disciplinary trajectories, not least the shift toward interactional approaches, there is still scope and need for bringing the two traditions together and fruitfully exploring their intersections in method and analysis. In this paper, I put forth a proposal for studying im/politenessin- interaction on the basis of small stories as a framework for narrative and identity analysis. My analysis shows how focusing on the stories’ ways of telling, sites, and tellers and drawing on the concept of positioning sheds light on the tellers’ management of particular im/politeness norms in the uses of and behavior in new media sites. I show how im/politeness and identities construction are interwoven in such cases.
“Ha! Relationships? I only shout at them!” Strategic management of discordant rapport in an African small business context
Authors: Lauriks Sanne , Siebörger Ian , De Vos Mark 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study demonstrates how and why interactants at a tyre fitment centre in Grahamstown, South Africa, manage discordant interpersonal relationships in strategic ways. Individuals in a post-apartheid small business respond to their social and economic context and exercise agency to their advantage in doing so. This study draws on linguistic ethnography (Rampton 2007) and the Rapport Management Framework (RMF, Spencer-Oatey 2000b, 2011), itself a development of politeness theory (Brown and Levinson 1987). An initial RMF analysis ran into difficulties around interactions that at first glance appeared to be oriented toward Rapport Challenge and Neglect. Upon closer examination, it appeared that discordant rapport was being actively maintained in this business. This led us to address underdeveloped areas of RMF that were not responsive enough to describe naturally occurring small business interactions, and propose an Enhanced Rapport Management Framework to overcome its inadequacies. We conclude that people may deliberately maintain discordant relationships when it is in their best interests to do so. Thus, contrary to a common-sense belief that harmonious social relations are an intrinsic good, we found that promoting discordant social relations can be understood as a rational response to individuals’ social and economic contexts, particularly in conditions such as those in many postcolonial African societies.
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Dimers: A New Pharmacological Target
Authors: Wellman Martin , Abizaid Alfonso 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1a), the target of the ghrelin peptide, is widely distributed throughout the brain, and, while studies have often reported very low or absent levels of central ghrelin, it is now known that GHSR1a, even in the absence of a natural ligand, has physiological roles. Not only do these roles originate from the receptor’s constitutive activity, but recent data indicate that GHSR1a dimerizes with a wide array of other receptors. These include the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R), the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R), the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C), and possibly the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1). Within these dimers, signaling of the protomers involved are modified through facilitation, inhibition, and even modification of signaling pathways resulting in physiological consequences not seen in the absence of these dimers. While in some cases the ghrelin peptide is not required for these modifications to occur, in others, the presence is necessary for these changes to take effect. These heterodimers demonstrate the broad array of roles and complexity of the ghrelin system. By better understanding how these dimers work, it is hoped that improved treatments for a variety of disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, obesity, diabetes, and more, can be devised. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge surrounding GHSR heterodimers, and how we can apply this knowledge to various pharmacological treatments.
Transition Densities and Sample Frequency Spectra of Diffusion Processes with Selection and Variable Population Size
Authors: Živković Daniel , Steinrücken Matthias , Song Yun S , Stephan Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Advances in empirical population genetics have made apparent the need for models that simultaneously account for selection and demography. To address this need, we here study the Wright–Fisher diffusion under selection and variable effective population size. In the case of genic selection and piecewise-constant effective population sizes, we obtain the transition density by extending a recently developed method for computing an accurate spectral representation for a constant population size. Utilizing this extension, we show how to compute the sample frequency spectrum in the presence of genic selection and an arbitrary number of instantaneous changes in the effective population size. We also develop an alternate, efficient algorithm for computing the sample frequency spectrum using a moment-based approach. We apply these methods to answer the following questions: If neutrality is incorrectly assumed when there is selection, what effects does it have on demographic parameter estimation? Can the impact of negative selection be observed in populations that undergo strong exponential growth?
Bank Lines of Credit for Small Business Clients: Cash Substitution and Funding Source
Authors: Schertler Andrea , Hubensack Carsten , Pfingsten Andreas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We investigate whether small business clients could use revocable credit lines, firstly, in their cash management and, secondly, as a funding source. Since the medium-size bank that provided our unique sample has the right to call these lines and charges considerably high rates for using them, we argue that these lines are particularly suitable for managing short-term liquidity needs. From our findings on how the line terms (line availability, line limit, and charged line rate) depend on a client’s liquidity-at-risk, the duration of its relationship with the bank, and its limit overdrafts, we nonetheless conclude that these lines, although they are revocable, fulfill both purposes.
Empirische Evidenz zu Recovery Rates von Bankkrediten im Privatkundengeschäft
Authors: Grunert Jens , Kitsios Natalia 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Trotz der großen Bedeutung des Privatkundensegments insbesondere bei kleineren Banken existieren im Gegensatz zum Firmenkundensegment nur wenige empirische Studien zu den Recovery Rates im Kreditgeschäft. Auf Basis eines Datensatzes einer regionalen Bank mit 150 Kreditnehmern, die in den Jahren 2011 bis 2013 ausgefallen sind, zeigt sich eine bimodale Verteilung der Recovery Rate bei Privatkundenkrediten. Der Mittelwert beträgt etwa 50 % und fällt somit vor allem aufgrund der geringen/fehlenden Besicherung niedriger aus als die durchschnittliche Recovery Rate im Firmenkundensegment mit circa 75 %. Während ein großer ausstehender Kreditbetrag sowie ein langer Work-Out-Prozess zu sinkenden Recovery Rates führt, kann ein Einfluss des wirtschaftlichen Umfelds nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Juego, trabajo y arte. Los pragmatistas de Chicago y la construcción de formas sociales de experiencia democrática
Authors: Boronat Núria Sara Miras 
Published: April 2015

<p>En 1986 Mead apuntó que existen tres tipos generales de actividad humana: el trabajo, el juego y el arte. Juego, trabajo y arte son las piedras angulares de la clase de experiencia social que los pragmatistas de Chicago tenían en mente y la base para cualquier educación democrática. También son tres modos de enriquecer y diversificar los modos heredados de interacción social para cualquier comunidad dada, modos cuyas condiciones han ido variando en entornos sociales de creciente complejidad. El primer objetivo del artículo será presentar la concepción de juego debida a G.H. Mead, intrínsecamente vinculado a los otros dos tipos de actividad humana. El segundo objetivo del artículo será el de examinar críticamente las posibilidades de la filosofica social pragmatista para el actual mundo globalizado.</p><p> </p>
Metaverso y artista
Authors: Serra David 
Published: April 2015

<p>El siguiente artículo muestra una interpretación del mundo virtual de Second Life a través de sus acciones artísticas, especialmente desde la noción code performance , cuestionando y reflexionando sobre el propio medio. Una visión transversal que quiere hacer visible los principales focos de interés de dicho metaverso en una aproximación de análisis estético, y entender su dispersión creativa que transita aparentemente sin rumbo y que se manifiesta en un cuerpo virtual.</p><p> </p>
Apuntes sobre la enseñanza de la escultura en México
Authors: Francisco Javier Tous Olagorta 
Published: April 2015

<p>Se presentan de forma sintética y a modo informativo, unos apuntes y reflexiones, sobre el desarrollo de la historia de la enseñanza de la escultura dentro de las Bellas Artes, iniciando desde la Antigua Academia de San Carlos de México fundada en 1 781 , que se transformó tras su Independencia y con el transcurrir de 232 años, en la actual Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas, incorporada desde Mayo de 1910 a la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, que es en la actualidad del siglo XXI, uno de los referentes más importantes en la República de México y Latinoamérica para la enseñanza y la investigación dentro de las universidades en donde se imparten las Artes Visuales, teniendo en cuenta que desde agosto del 2011 comenzó a impartirse un doctorado en Artes y Diseño.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
El arte como resistencia. La ópera-tango María de Buenos Aires
Authors: Bosch Carlos Luis 
Published: April 2015

En las orillas del tango han desembarcado gran cantidad de influencias musicales y literarias. Desde su inicio prostibulario hasta la época de oro, en los años 40, las diferentes orquestas fueron incorporando estéticas de cada período al mismo tiempo que se hacían eco de los grandes cambios sociales del siglo XX. A pesar de ello, la gran mayoría de los tangueros consideraron que Astor Piazzolla había cruzado un límite, había ido demasiado lejos con su obra, María de Buenos Aires. No sólo es la primera ópera-tango de la historia sino que es uno de los trabajos donde mejor se reflejan las diferencias y disputas hacia el interior del tango. Si bien esta obra surje en una época donde las vanguardias artísticas influían en el panorama artístico de Buenos Aires, los defensores del tango como música tradicional de la ciudad no querían perder ciertas tradiciones que este género custodiaba celosamente. Analizaremos hasta qué punto esta obra implica una resistencia a las concepciones establecidas de su época y cómo esa resignificación involucra una serie de cambios que van más allá del tango.
What Does It Take To Be Successful in The Future?
Authors: Thomas Tony 
Published: April 2015

What's Ahead
Editor Tony Thomas examines what it takes to be successful in the future.
An individual's work results and business success depend on his/her knowledge and skills (i.e., competency). The contemporary business world changes very rapidly. Therefore, it is essential not only to be oriented toward present-day requirements for individual competency but also to foresee what competencies will determine success in the future. Surely there is not a single individual who embodies all competencies. Therefore, first of all, success is determined not by abundance of competencies but by having certain crucial competencies. Second, it is important to identify the need to develop certain strategic individual competencies and, finally, to develop strategic individual competencies that eventually will integrate successfully into the business.
The Petrobras Petroleum Engineering Educational System
Authors: Santos Otto Alcantara 
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - Otto Alcantara Santos of Petrobras.
In August 1955, Petrobras established the Center for Education and Research of Oil (CENAP) to train Petrobras specialists in oil exploration and production. In 1957, an agreement was signed between Petrobras and the Federal University of Bahia whereby drilling and oil production courses would be taught at CENAP facilities in Salvador, Brazil. As a result of this agreement, the following year the Course of Petroleum Engineering (CEP) was created to prepare newly hired petroleum engineers for their jobs in the company. This course gave birth to Petrobras’ educational system for petroleum engineers, whose objective is to update and sharpen engineers’ knowledge and skills throughout their professional lives within the company.
Petrobras recruits petroleum engineers through a nationwide exam— open to those in any engineering discipline—held simultaneously in several Brazilian cities. The selected candidates undergo a medical exam, a psychological evaluation, and a social-functional survey. If they pass, candidates are hired by Petrobras and enrolled in the Petrobras University CEP in Salvador. Since this recruiting and education program began in 1958, approximately 2,760 individuals have become Petrobras petroleum engineers—with nearly half (1,300) undergoing training since 2002.
Deepwater Developments From a Career-Long Petrobras Perspective
Authors: Lara Anelise Quintao 
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry - Deepwater developments from a career-long Petrobras perspective.
The evolution of deepwater production cannot be discussed without mentioning the contribution of Petrobras’ upstream activity. The reason is Petrobras’ success in overcoming enormous technological challenges in deep water during the last decade.
I joined Petrobras in 1986, when our production was around 0.6 million B/D, mainly from onshore and shallow-water operations. With the enormous pressure on the Brazilian trade balance from high-priced oil imports, it became imperative to increase domestic supplies. The only area capable of yielding a significant increase in national oil production was the Campos basin. The Marlim and Albacora giant field discoveries during 1985–86 at water depths up to 1000 m brought new opportunities and challenges that promoted enormous technological advancement in the petroleum industry in the following decades. I find it exciting that, 25 years after I joined the company, Petrobras’ oil production has now reached 2 million B/D, an increase—mostly from deep water—of almost 1.5 million B/D.
Persuasive Technical Presentations
Authors: Volz Tracy , Hewitt Janice L. 
Published: April 2015

Soft Skills - Keys to effective technical presentations.
It happens many times in the oil industry. It may even have happened to you. Someone from R&D has just finished an oral report to management about an exciting, important project. But the managers don’t appear to grasp the importance or understand the concept presented. The result is no managerial enthusiasm with little or no support. What went wrong? Assuming that the R&D findings were potentially valuable to the company, perhaps the presentation was ineffective. What follows are practical suggestions for improving your presentations to management so that your research contributions are more likely to be supported.
Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Potential "Win-Win" for the Oil Industry and the Public
Authors: Wickramathilaka Siluni , Willis Todd 
Published: April 2015

Public Policy Focus - The status of carbon capture and sequestration.
In 1972, the first commercial carbon dioxide (CO2) flood project in the world began with the injection of CO2 into the Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee (SACROC) unit in the Permian Basin in Scurry County, Texas. The goal was simple: To arrest declining oil production and recover bypassed reserves. Today, nearly 40 years later, CO2 injection is being considered on a much wider scale, and for a different purpose altogether: To help arrest an increase in the average surface temperature of the planet.
CO2, among other gases such as methane and nitrous oxide, is a “greenhouse gas,” a gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere by absorbing and emitting radiation within the thermal infrared range, causing a greenhouselike warming effect. The presence of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere is vital, for without them, Earth’s surface would be on average about 59°F colder than at present. CO2 is also a key ingredient that nourishes plant life through photosynthesis.
International Career Opportunities: Don't Let Them Pass You By
Authors: Ewing Jeff 
Published: April 2015

Pillars of the Industry
Jeff Ewing offers advice on international career opportunities.
If I could give only one piece of advice to young professionals who are, or will be, employed by companies with international operations, it would be to take advantage of any opportunities that you are offered to live and work in locations outside your home country.
Experiencing life outside your home country provides invaluable experience in dealing with different cultures, broadens your work and personal perspectives, and increases your technical expertise by offering new and very different operating and engineering challenges. I believe that employees who possess international experience have a significant competitive advantage over their peers who lack it. This competitive advantage will only increase in the future as the global demand for hydrocarbons swells and companies continue to expand their operations to new locations around the world.
I would like to share with you some of my personal experiences and insights gathered during my 25-year career with Chevron. Of those 25 years, 15 have been spent outside my home country. Each of the five international locations where I have lived and worked has provided me with unique work and cultural experiences, contributed to my knowledge of the industry, and broadened my career opportunities.
Hydraulic Fracturing To Improve Production
Authors: Daneshy Ali 
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - Consultant Ali Daneshy presents an overview of hydraulic fracturing.
Reasons for Hydraulic Fracturing
In their natural state, most oil and gas wells do not produce at their optimum level, but hydraulic fracturing can address multiple challenges to efficient production. Radial flow from the reservoir into the wellbore is not an efficient flow regime. As the fluid approaches the wellbore, it has to pass through successively smaller and smaller areas. This causes “jamming” of the fluid and reduction in flow. If one were to complete the well such that the radial flow changes to nearly linear, then the change in flow pattern will increase well productivity. A properly designed and executed hydraulic fracture can change flow from radial to nearly linear (Fig. 1). Nearwellbore permeability in most formations is reduced by drilling, cementing, and completion operations. Theoretically, one can show that this permeability reduction causes substantial reductions in production rates (Fig. 2). Hydraulic fracturing can extend the reach of the wellbore beyond the damaged area and abate its negative effect on production. Hydraulic fracturing extends the reach of the wellbore far into the formation. Production is therefore controlled by the properties of the average reservoir reached by the fracture, instead of the much smaller near-wellbore region. The net effect is a reduction in the risk of drilling into less- or nonproductive zones.
Technology Challenges, Opportunities of Next 25 years
Authors: Medina Max , Willis Todd , Onukwu Anthony , Schon Samuel 
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - Technology opportunities for the next 25 years.
“It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future.” This wisdom from Niels Bohr (or was it Yogi Berra?) is worth pondering as we consider technical challenges and opportunities that will be important in the coming decades. Just a few years ago, who would have foreseen the sudden emergence of North American resource plays or the Macondo disaster in the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and its aftermath? We will look at areas where change is certain, such as automation and information technology, and others where game-changing advances might occur, such as the promise of nanotechnology. Which specific technologies will dominate the oil fields of the future remains unknown, but if past advancements are any guide, as Berra put it, “The future ain’t what it used to be.”
Automation
Henry Ford only saw handmade cars during his lifetime, yet surely he envisioned the automated assembly lines of today as a replacement for those of his time. This is the path the oil industry will travel in the next several decades. The aim will be to automate the different activities that require intensive human labor. The main drivers for widespread automation will be increasing efficiency (i.e., faster operations, with better control and lower cost), improving safety (minimizing exposure of the workforce to hazards), and assisting the pursuit of oil and gas in remote locations and hostile environments.
The Structured Classroom Approach
Authors: van der Togt Jorrit 
Published: April 2015

HR Discussion - Interview with Jorrit van der Togt, Shell
What influenced your choice of a career in the oil and gas industry?
I joined Shell via an internship program in South Korea where I worked on an IT program. Although I found Shell a great company to work for, I didn’t really like IT, so I opted to join HR instead and have been in HR ever since. Ironically, in my third job in Shell, I worked as an HR manager in IT, which turned out to be one of the best jobs I’ve ever had. What continues to attract me to Shell are the people I have worked with both on a personal and professional level, the global network I’ve established, the global technical and commercial challenges in the upstream and downstream worlds, and the strategic importance of the oil and gas industry that’s literally affected by just about any major event in the world.
Classroom training is an important element of Young Professionals’ (YPs’) development plans. How should YPs decide which courses to select?
Frankly, young engineers should not be selecting courses on their own. Instead they should be guided along the way. In Shell, we invest heavily in our technical professionals and especially in new graduates by providing a deep technical curriculum. The development plan is tailored to individual needs, determined through dialogue between supervisor and graduate, holistically looking at on-the-job training, coaching, formal training, etc. You need some skills to be productive now, but the majority of your formal training should be laying the foundation for the years to come. So don’t focus on courses alone, but focus on building a good launch pad for the future.
Using Soap to Revive Mature Oil Fields
Authors: Delshad Mojdeh 
Published: April 2015

Academia - A discussion of how soap is used to revive mature oil fields.
Most reservoirs in the US under operation by small producers have become mature due to extended waterflooding. In fact, an estimated 80% of the total number of oil wells in the US are now classified as “marginal.” The mature reservoirs accessed by these wells usually have a high water cut, in the range of 80% to 90%. Also, the industry typically leaves about 65% of oil behind after many years of waterflooding because of reservoir heterogeneity and incomplete sweep of the formation. Excessive water production becomes a major problem as these oil fields mature. High volumes of water production result in increased levels of corrosion and scale, increased load on fluid-handling facilities, increased environmental concerns, and eventually well abandonment (with associated workover costs). Consequently, producing zones are often abandoned in an attempt to avoid water contact, even when the intervals still retain large volumes of recoverable hydrocarbons. Controlling water production has been a challenging goal for most oil producers.