bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrants as Missionaries, Missionaries as Outsiders: Reflections on African Christian Presence in Western Societies
Authors: Hanciles Jehu J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper makes the case that human migration has played a vital and transformational role in the development and expansion of the Christian movement throughout its history. But it mainly focuses on the unprecedented rise of global migratory flows in the last four to five decades to explicate this link. According to recent data, Christians account for almost half of all international migrants. This, combined with the predominance of south-north migration, explains the remarkable rise of immigrant Christian churches (or communities) in many Western societies. While many of these immigrant Christian communities and their pastors exhibit strong missionary consciousness and commitment, they encounter formidable challenges in the area of cross-cultural outreach. These stem from complex factors, including racial rejection, widespread anti-immigrant sentiments, and aggressive secularism. But this paper argues that perhaps the most significant obstacle stems from the disengagement and rejection that Christian immigrants experience in their encounter with homegrown churches. A brief examination of the key link between human migration and biblical faith is used as a basis for reflections on the challenges that confront African immigrant churches in Western societies. Five such challenges are highlighted and biblical insights (from Acts 6) are presented.
What Are the Different Types of Principals Across the United States? A Latent Class Analysis of Principal Perception of Leadership
Authors: Urick Angela , Bowers Alex J. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose: Effective styles of principal leadership can help address multiple issues in struggling schools, such as low student achievement and high rates of teacher attrition. Although the literature has nominated certain “idealized” leadership styles as being more or less effective, such as transformational, instructional, and shared instructional leadership, we have little evidence about how principals may or may not choose to practice these styles across U.S. schools. Research Design: Latent class analysis was used to identify different types of principals across the United States. We analyzed the 1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey as it presents a unique opportunity to study the different types of U.S. principals since it contains leadership measures not found in other national surveys. A final sample of 7,650 public schools and principals was included in the analysis. Findings: Instead of idealized leadership styles signifying variations in practice, the differences between types of principals were defined by the degree of principal and teacher leadership. Further, the school and principal context, such as school size, urbanicity, accountability performance, and principal background, predicted the three significantly different principal types: controlling, frequent principal leadership; balkanizing, high degree of leadership shared with teachers; or integrating, frequent principal leadership as well as a high degree of leadership shared with teachers. Conclusions: These types suggest that principals simultaneously practice leadership behaviors associated with multiple leadership styles in accordance with their background and school context. These findings provide support for the use of more complex models to assess school leader effectiveness.
Preparation of silica nanospheres and porous polymer membranes with controlled morphologies via nanophase separation
Authors: Lee Jung-Pil , Choi Sinho , Park Soojin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We successfully synthesized two different structures, silica nanospheres and porous polymer membranes, via nanophase separation, based on a sol–gel process. Silica sol, which was in situ polymerized from tetraorthosilicate, was used as a precursor. Subsequently, it was mixed with a polymer that was used as a matrix component. It was observed that nanophase separation occurred after the mixing of polymer with silica sol and subsequent evaporation of solvents, resulting in organizing various structures, from random network silica structures to silica spheres. In particular, silica nanospheres were produced by manipulating the mixing ratio of polymer to silica sol. The size of silica beads was gradually changed from micro- to nanoscale, depending on the polymer content. At the same time, porous polymer membranes were generated by removing the silica component with hydrofluoric acid. Furthermore, porous carbon membranes were produced using carbon source polymer through the carbonization process.
N-terminal basic amino acid residues of Beet black scorch virus capsid protein play a critical role in virion assembly and systemic movement
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhao Xiaofei , Zhang Yanjing , Niu Shaofang , Qu Feng , Zhang Yongliang , Han Chenggui , Yu Jialin , Li Dawei 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background

Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) is a small single-stranded, positive-sense RNA plant virus belonging to the genus Necrovirus, family Tombusviridae. Its capsid protein (CP) contains a 13 amino acid long basic region at the N-terminus, rich in arginine and lysine residues, which is thought to interact with viral RNA to initiate virion assembly.

Results
In the current study, a series of BBSV mutants containing amino acid substitutions as well as deletions within the N-terminal region were generated and examined for their effects on viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and long distance spread in protoplasts and whole host plants of BBSV. The RNA-binding activities of the mutated CPs were also evaluated in vitro. These experiments allowed us to identify two key basic amino acid residues in this region that are responsible for initiating virus assembly through RNA-binding. Proper assembly of BBSV particles is in turn needed for efficient viral systemic movement.

Conclusions
We have identified two basic amino acid residues near the N-terminus of the BBSV CP that bind viral RNA with high affinity to initiate virion assembly. We further provide evidence showing that systemic spread of BBSV in infected plants requires intact virions. This study represents the first in-depth investigation of the role of basic amino acid residues within the N-terminus of a necroviral CP.
DiaSurg 2 trial - surgical vs. medical treatment of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with a body mass index between 26 and 35 kg/m2: study protocol of a randomized controlled multicenter trial - DRKS00004550
Authors: Kenngott Hannes G , Clemens Gabriella , Gondan Matthias , Senft Jonas , Diener Markus K , Rudofsky Gottfried , Nawroth Peter P , Büchler Markus W , Fischer Lars , Müller-Stich Beat P 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease with high prevalence, associated with severe co-morbidities as well as being a huge burden on public health. It is known that glycemic control decreases long-term morbidity and mortality. The current standard therapy for T2DM is medical treatment. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in obese patients showed remission of T2DM after bariatric surgery. Recent RCTs have shown bariatric procedures to produce a similar effect in non-morbidly and non-severely obese, insulin-dependent T2DM patients suggesting procedures currently used in bariatric surgery as new therapeutical approach in patients with T2DM. This study aims at investigating whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an efficient treatment for non-severely obese T2DM patients in terms of preventing long-term complications and mortality.

Methods
The DiaSurg 2 trial is a multicenter, open randomized controlled trial comparing RYGB including standardized medical treatment if needed to exclusive standardized medical treatment of T2DM (control group). The primary endpoint is a composite time-to-event endpoint (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, coronary bypass, percutaneous coronary intervention, non-fatal stroke, amputation, surgery for peripheral atherosclerotic artery disease), with a follow-up period of 8 years. Insulin-dependent T2DM patients aged between 30 and 65 years will be included and randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The experimental group will receive RYGB and, if needed, standardized medical care, whereas the control group will receive exclusive standardized medical care, both according to the national treatment guidelines for T2DM. Statistical analysis is based on Cox proportional hazards regression for the intention-to-treat population. Assuming a loss to follow-up rate of 20%, 200 patients will be randomly allocated to the comparison groups. A total sample size of n = 400 is sufficient to ensure 80% power in a two-tailed significance test at alpha = 5%.

Discussion
The DiaSurg2 trial will yield long-term data (8 years) on diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin-dependent T2DM receiving either RYGB or standardized medical care.

Trial registration
The trial protocol has been registered in the German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00004550.
Viable intrauterine pregnancy after spontaneous bilateral tubal ectopics in a multiparous woman: a case report
Authors: Rani V R Sreeja , Puliyath Geetha 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Bilateral ectopic pregnancies are increasing due to an increase in the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease and increase in assisted reproductive techniques. Spontaneous conception after bilateral ectopic pregnancies is extremely rare.

Case presentation
A 33-year-old Indian woman presented with ruptured ectopic pregnancy associated with hemoperitoneum for which she underwent a laparotomy. The diagnosis of bilateral ectopic pregnancies was made during surgery. Salpingectomy was done on one side and the other tube was conserved with salpingostomy. Six months after surgery, she conceived spontaneously and a transvaginal ultrasound examination revealed a 5-weeks live intrauterine pregnancy.

Conclusion
A meticulous surgical technique conserving one fallopian tube resulted in subsequent viable intrauterine pregnancy. The approach to such a case along with steps to minimize tubal damage is presented.
Resolution of biliary stricture after living donor liver transplantation in a child by percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiography and drainage: a case report
Authors: Putzer Gabriel , Paal Peter , Chemelli Andreas P , Mark Walter , Lederer Wolfgang , Wiedermann Franz J 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Intra-hepatic cholestasis arising from biliary strictures is a frequent complication in pediatric patients after liver transplantation. Minimally invasive procedures such as percutaneous drainage placement and balloon dilation are the preferred diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 12-month-old Caucasian boy with biliary atresia who was initially treated with hepatoportoenterostomy. In the following months, he developed biliary cirrhosis, accompanied by cystic bile retention, recurrent bile duct infections and malabsorption. Six months after the initial surgical intervention, he underwent living donor liver transplantation. Within two months, the hepatico-jejunostomy became occluded leading to progressive intra-hepatic cholestasis. Under sonographic guidance, external drainage of bile was accomplished by percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiography and drainage. In total, our patient underwent 12 interventions under general anesthesia until balloon dilatation of the hepatico-jejunostomy was successfully performed. Finally, our patient’s general condition improved and he gained weight.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive techniques are preferred to surgical revisions and justify even multiple attempts. Interventions under general anesthesia, though not without risks, are still reasonable. Co-operation with parents and multidisciplinary approach to complication management by the involved surgeon, radiologist, pediatrician and anesthesiologist are important.
Mammographic density and survival in interval breast cancers
Authors: Eriksson Louise , Czene Kamila , Rosenberg Lena U , Törnberg Sven , Humphreys Keith , Hall Per 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Mammographic density (MD) is the strongest risk factor for breast cancer. It is also strongly associated with interval cancers (ICs) due to decreased screening sensitivity and possibly by also giving rise to more aggressive tumors. With this information as background, we compared survival in interval and screen-detected cancers, taking MD into consideration.

Methods
The patients were postmenopausal women ages 50 to 74 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer in Sweden between 1993 and 1995. A total of 1,115 women with screen-detected cancers and 285 with ICs had available mammograms. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare breast cancer-specific survival between interval and screen-detected cancers stratified on MD.

Results
Hazard rates for breast cancer-specific survival were approximately three times higher in ICs than in screen-detected cancers, independent of MD. After adjustment for tumor size, a proxy for time to diagnosis, ICs in nondense breasts still had a statistically significantly increased hazard rate compared to screen-detected cancers in nondense breasts (5-yr survival hazard ratio (HR) 2.43, P = 0.001). In dense breasts, however, there was no longer evidence of a difference in survival between ICs and screen-detected cancers (5-yr survival HR 1.41, P = 0.486).

Conclusions
In nondense breasts, ICs seem to be truly more aggressive than screen-detected cancers. In dense breasts, the poorer prognosis of ICs compared to that of screen-detected cancers may be attributable at least partially to later detection. However, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate these relationships, and further studies are warranted to confirm our results.
A multicenter, prospective validation study of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine disseminated intravascular coagulation scoring system in patients with severe sepsis
Authors: Gando Satoshi , Saitoh Daizoh , Ogura Hiroshi , Fujishima Seitaro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Araki Tsunetoshi , Ikeda Hiroto , Kotani Joji , Kushimoto Shigeki , Miki Yasuo , Shiraishi Shin-ichiro , Suzuki Koichiro , Suzuki Yasushi , Takeyama Naoshi , Takuma Kiyotsugu , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Yamashita Norio , Aikawa Naoki ,   Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Sepsis Registry Study Group
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
To validate the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scoring system in patients with severe sepsis, we conducted a multicenter, prospective study at 15 critical care centers in tertiary care hospitals.

Methods
This study included 624 severe sepsis patients. JAAM DIC was scored on the day of diagnosis of severe sepsis (day 1) and day 4. Scores for disease severity and organ dysfunction were also evaluated.

Results
The prevalence of JAAM DIC was 46.8% (292/624), and 21% of the DIC patients were scored according to the reduction rate of platelets. The JAAM DIC patients were more seriously ill and exhibited more severe systemic inflammation, a higher prevalence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and worse outcomes than the non-DIC patients. Disease severity, systemic inflammation, MODS and the mortality rate worsened in accordance with an increased JAAM DIC score on day 1. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated lower 1-year survival in the JAAM DIC patients than in those without DIC (log-rank test P <0.001). The JAAM DIC score on day 1 (odds ratio = 1.282, P <0.001) and the Delta JAAM DIC score (odds ratio = 0.770, P <0.001) were independent predictors of 28-day death. Dynamic changes in the JAAM DIC score from days 1 to 4 also affected prognoses. The JAAM DIC scoring system included all patients who met the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis overt DIC criteria on day 1. The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis scoring system missed a large number of nonsurvivors recognized by the JAAM scoring system.

Conclusions
The JAAM DIC scoring system exhibits good prognostic value in predicting MODS and poor prognosis in patients with severe sepsis and can detect more patients requiring treatment. Conducting repeated daily JAAM scoring increases the ability to predict the patient's prognosis.
Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and nilotinib, in murine lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury during neutropenia recovery
Authors: Kim In Kyoung , Rhee Chin Kook , Yeo Chang Dong , Kang Hyeon Hui , Lee Dong Gun , Lee Sang Haak , Kim Jin Woo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Neutrophil recovery has been implicated in deterioration of oxygenation and exacerbation of preexisting acute lung injury (ALI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether imatinib or nilotinib was effective on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI during neutropenia recovery in mice.

Methods
Mice were rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide prior to the intratracheal instillation of LPS. Imatinib or nilotinib was administrated by oral gavage during neutropenia recovery. In order to study the effects of drugs, mice were killed on day 5 and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue samples were obtained. The lung wet/dry weight ratio and protein levels in the BAL fluid or lung tissue were determined.

Results
Treatment with imatinib or nilotinib significantly attenuated the LPS-induced pulmonary edema, and this result was supported by the histopathological examination. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and myeloperoxidase in BAL fluid were significantly inhibited by imatinib or nilotinib in mice of ALI during neutropenia recovery. The mRNA expressions of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β and c-KIT in imatinib or nilotinib group were significantly lower than LPS group.

Conclusions
Our data indicated that imatinib or nilotinib effectively attenuated LPS-induced ALI during neutropenia recovery. These results provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of imatinib and nilotinib in ALI during neutropenia recovery.
Heat Treatment Study of γ + α2 Ti Aluminides Obtained through Reaction Synthesis and Hot Deformation
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Pant Bhanu , Agarwala Vijaya , Sinha P. P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTi aluminides based on γ + α2 has industrial importance due to its high temperature properties coupled with low density. Processing difficulty involved in this alloy has limited its application. Alternate processing route like reaction synthesis in combination with isothermal hot working has lot of potential. Further, heat treatment of hot worked material governs the properties of the alloy. In the present paper, heat treatment of reaction synthesized plus hot worked material has been studied to obtain desirable microstructure and phases. Five alloys of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb with minor addition of boron and Ni-P coated boron is made with two different particle size of Ti powder. Homogenized and worked alloy samples are heat treated to obtain two-phase microstructure useful for high temperature application. Heat treated samples are characterized for individual phases through optical microscopy, hardness measurement and electron microscopy. An attempt has been made to study the role of boron on development of various phases and microstructure.
Aircraft Image Recognition System Using Phase Correlation Method
Authors: Roopa K. , Murthy T.V. Rama 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article describes the aircraft image recognition system implemented using the phase correlation technique in Matlab environment. The phase correlation is computed by using the normalized cross-power spectrum between the database and the template test image. The main objective of this article is to develop methods for static analysis of aircraft images. An unknown fighter aircraft is recognized by comparing its static image with those from a database of images of aircraft. This work is a research initiative involving the use of image processing techniques to detect three-dimensional (3D) aircraft object based on their 2D images, providing feedback information for strategic purposes. The phase correlation technique is found to give a better recognition result for the set of database and test images considered, compared with the invariant moments. The phase correlation method is also used in other areas such as image registration. Aircraft images used include those from AeroIndia 2011 held at Bangalore, India.
A haemorheologiai vizsgálatok kísérletes sebészeti vonatkozásairól
Authors: Németh Norbert , Kiss Ferenc , Furka István , Mikó Irén 
Published: June 2013

AbsztraktA haemorheologiai paraméterek, mint a teljes vér- és plasmaviszkozitás, a haematocrit, a fibrinogénkoncentráció, valamint a vörösvérsejtek microrheologiai tulajdonságai (vörösvérsejt-deformabilitás és -aggregatio) fontos szerepet játszanak a szöveti perfusio biztosításában. A keringés különböző szakaszain e haemorheologiai paraméterek változatos és egymásra kölcsönösen ható összefüggései nagyban meghatározzák a haemodynamicai tulajdonságokat is. A bármely okból megváltozott haemorheologiai status az érfalra kifejtett nyíróerőprofil megváltozása révén közvetlenül hat az endothelialis funkcióra, a mikrokeringés területén a vörösvérsejt-deformabilitásban és -aggregatióban bekövetkező romlás (rigidebb vörösvérsejtek jelenléte, illetve fokozott vörösvérsejt-aggregatio) lassítja a mikrokeringést. Sebészeti vonatkozású kutatásokban a különböző beavatkozásoknál szükségszerűen alkalmazott érleszorítások-felengedések ischaemia-reperfusiós következményekkel járnak, ami számos ponton hat a vörösvérsejtek tulajdonságaira: pH-, ozmolaritás- és laktátkoncentráció-változás, szabadgyök-reakció okozta károsodások, NO-hatások, mechanikus trauma. E folyamatok pontos feltárása, a változások reverzibilitás-irreverzibilitás határának megtalálása segíthet a szöveti perfusióban, a mikrokeringésben bekövetkező változások jobb megértésében, a megelőzési és terápiás vonatkozások, lehetőségek kidolgozásában. A kísérletes sebészet kihívásai kiterjednek ezenkívül a különböző mérőmódszerek összehasonlíthatósági kérdéseire, a kísérleti/laboratóriumi állatfajok közötti különbségek jobb megértésére, hogy az eredmények értékelhetősége biztonságosabb legyen, s hogy az eredeti, klinikai kérdésre keresett válasz is közelebb kerülhessen a hasznosíthatósághoz.
A DE OEC Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszék oktatási tevékenységének főbb mutatói 2000–2013 között
Authors: Pető Katalin , Németh Norbert , Lesznyák Tamás , Furka István , Mikó Irén 
Published: June 2013

Absztrakt
A szerzők áttekintést adnak a DE OEC Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszék oktatómunkájának főbb mutatóiról 2000–2013 között mind a graduális, mind a posztgraduális oktatás terén. A jelzett periódusban több új tantárgy került bevezetésre, új kurzusok indultak, korábbi tárgyaknál óraszámváltozások történtek. Az oktatási tematika bővült, az oktatási anyag jelentős átalakításon, fejlesztésen ment keresztül: új oktatófilmek, jegyzetek és egy új tankönyv született ebben az időszakban. A gyakorlati oktatásban a hangsúly áttevődött az élő szöveten végzett beavatkozásokról a modelleken (oktatástechnikai és fantommodellek, biomodellek) történő gyakorlatokra. A tanszék oktatómunkája több alkalommal részesült komoly támogatásban (anyagi támogatás, műszerbeszerzés, műszerkészlet-adományozás) saját egyetemünk, partnercégek, valamint HEFOP- és TÁMOP-pályázatok elnyerése révén. Infrastrukturális lehetőségeink is javultak, ami a fenti tényezőkkel együtt hozzájárult ahhoz, hogy az elmúlt években emelkedett az oktatómunka színvonala és az oktatott hallgatók létszáma a graduális és posztgraduális oktatásban egyaránt. Mindezen változások-fejlesztések bemutatásra kerültek különböző szakmai fórumokon, illetve közleményekben is egyúttal komoly minőségellenőrzésként is.