bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The guilty adjustment: Response trends on the symptom validity test
Authors: Shaw Dominic J. , Vrij Aldert , Mann Samantha , Leal Sharon , Hillman Jackie 
Published: October 2012

PurposeTo our knowledge this was the first experiment that examined response trends over the course of a Symptom Validity Test (SVT). We predicted that the guilty group would avoid being associated with potentially incriminating information, and that they would do this more at the beginning of the test than towards the end.MethodThe 86 participants of the guilty group carried out an illegal activity in a room and were instructed to deny having been in that room in a subsequent interview. The 82 innocent participants had never been in that particular room. During the interview the guilty and innocent groups were exposed to a 12‐item SVT.Results and ConclusionAs predicted, the guilty participants selected fewer correct (crime related) items than innocents, and this tendency to avoid selecting the correct items was the strongest during the first half of the SVT. The implications of the findings for using an SVT in real life are discussed.
Evaluation of Specific Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution of LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 Ceramics Prepared using Pechini Method by N2 Adsorption Method—Optimization of Sintering Temperature as Cathode Material of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Niwa Eiki , Uematsu Chie , Hashimoto Takuya 
Published: October 2012

Sintering temperature dependences of specific surface area, pore size distribution, and pore volume of LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 ceramics prepared using the Pechini method have been evaluated from the adsorption isotherms of N2 gas at −195.8°C. The specific surface area decreased almost linearly with increasing sintering temperature showing that preparation of the ceramic specimens with controlled surface area is possible by sintering temperature. The pore size distribution, evaluated by BJH method, showed two peaks around 2.5 and 250 nm with narrow FWHM for the specimen sintered at 900°C. Although both the peaks were maintained in the specimens sintered at 1000°C and 1100°C, their intensity decreased with increasing sintering temperature, indicating decrease of pore volume. It has been revealed that sintering below 1100°C is necessary to prepare LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 ceramics with pore volume maintained, which is suitable for SOFC cathode material.
Deposition, Characterization, and Corrosion Resistance of Nanocrystalline Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Coating on New Ti‐20Nb‐10Zr‐5Ta Alloy
Authors: Popa Monica , Vasilescu Ecaterina , Drob Paula , Popa Mihai Vasile , Moreno Jose Maria Calderon , Vasilescu Cora , Drob Silviu Iulian 
Published: October 2012

A new Ti‐20Nb‐10Zr‐5Ta bioalloy with low Young's modulus (59 GPa) was coated with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic layer by chemical method of soaking in a slightly supersaturated calcium and phosphate ions solution. The formation of HA was demonstrated using XRD, Raman microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy; the coating morphology and microstructure were determined using SEM. The coating protective capacity and its long‐term (2000 h) stability in simulated biofluids were revealed by the improvement of the all electrochemical parameters; also, HA ceramic coating reduced the alloy corrosion and ion release rates. After 2000 immersion hours in biofluids no compositional change occurs in the HA ceramic coating, only depositions from solution take place that change the coating morphology. Also, the in time increase of the coating stability and thickness (as a result of the new deposition from physiological solutions) indicates bioactivity.
Acid Corrosion Behavior of Sol–Gel‐Prepared Mullite Ceramics With and Without Addition of Lanthanum
Authors: Kurajica Stanislav , Curkovic Lidija , Tkalcec Emilija , Mandic Vilko 
Published: October 2012

The corrosion behavior of pure and lanthanum doped, sol–gel‐derived, mullite ceramics in nitric acid aqueous solutions with various concentrations was investigated and compared. Samples sintered at a temperature of 1600°C for 4 h were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, SEM, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The corrosion behavior was explored by measuring the amount of eluted ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). The doped sample was found to be more susceptible to dissolution in the corrodent, having higher leaching rates. The amounts of eluted lanthanum ions were in order of magnitude higher than amounts of silicon and aluminum. Those phenomena were attributed to the incorporation of lanthanum in the glassy phase, forming SiO2–La2O3‐rich glassy phase, which can dissolve in corrodent more easily than SiO2‐rich glassy phase in the pure sample.
How to Identify Students for School‐Based Depression Intervention: Can School Record Review Be Substituted for Universal Depression Screening?
Authors: Kuo Elena S. , Vander Stoep Ann , Herting Jerald R. , Grupp Katherine , McCauley Elizabeth 
Published: October 2012

ProblemEarly identification and intervention are critical for reducing the adverse effects of depression on academic and occupational performance. Cost‐effective approaches are needed for identifying adolescents at high depression risk. This study evaluated the utility of school record review versus universal school‐based depression screening for determining eligibility for an indicated depression intervention program implemented in the middle school setting.MethodsAlgorithms derived from grades, attendance, suspensions, and basic demographic information were evaluated with regard to their ability to predict students' depression screening scores.FindingsThe school information‐based algorithms proved poor proxies for individual students' depression screening results. However, school records showed promise for identifying low, medium, and high‐yield subgroups on the basis of which efficient screening targeting decisions could be made.ConclusionsStudy results will help to guide school nurses who coordinate indicated depression intervention programs in school settings as they evaluate options of approaches for determining which students are eligible for participation.
Approach to hypohidrosis
Authors: Chia K.Y. , Tey H.L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHypohidrosis refers to diminished sweating in response to appropriate stimuli. This can cause hyperthermia, heat exhaustion and death. The aetiology of hypohidrosis can be divided into exogenous, dermatological and neurological causes. Exogenous causes act either by systemic neurohormonal inhibition of sweating or localised damage to the skin and sweat glands. Dermatological disorders can result from congenital disorders, wherein other ectodermal tissues may also be affected, or acquired disorders in which manifestations of the primary disease predominate. Neurological disorders should be classified based on an upper motor neuron or lower motor neuron pattern of disease. In the former, there is spasticity and hyperactive reflexes whereas in the latter, flaccidity and hypoactive reflexes predominate. Acquired idiopathic generalised anhidrois refers to isolated anhidrosis with no other detectable abnormalities. When approaching a patient with hypohidrois, exogenous causes should first be excluded. Physical examination, paying attention to mucocutaneous manifestations and neurological signs, will dichotomise if the lesion is dermatological or neurological. In the former, a skin biopsy is the investigation of choice. In the latter, one should consider magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord for upper motor neuron lesions, nerve conduction tests for lower motor neuron lesions and autonomic nerve function tests for autonomic dysfunction. Finally, if a diagnosis of acquired idiopathic generalised anhidrosis is suspected, a quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test and serum immunoglobulin‐E levels may be performed. Treatment involves addressing the underlying condition and avoidance of aggravating factors. Acquired idiopathic generalised anhidrosis responds well to high dose systemic corticosteroids.
Systemic nocardiosis in a Mediterranean population of cultured meagre, Argyrosomus regius Asso (Perciformes: Sciaenidae)
Authors: Elkesh A , Kantham K P L , Shinn A P , Crumlish M , Richards R H 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMarine cultured meagre, Argyrosomus regius Asso, in central and western Greece were affected by an outbreak of systemic granulomatous disease subsequently demonstrated to be nocardiosis. The fish were originally imported as juveniles from hatcheries in France and Italy and on‐grown in Greece, the latter also providing broodstock for a small number of local Greek hatcheries for the production of second‐generation juveniles. The disease in cage reared fish had been present throughout the year, particularly in the 1+ and 2+ year old fish with a low to variable morbidity and 1–4% total mortality. Multiple lesions were visible externally on the skin of affected fish, with severe ulcerations and necrosis. Internally, multifocal yellowish‐white nodules, 0.1–0.5 cm in diameter, were visible on the surface of several internal organs. Histopathology revealed systemic granulomatous inflammation. Fite‐Faraco staining clearly demonstrated the presence of Nocardia‐like organisms which were Gram‐positive, long, rod to beaded filamentous bacteria. Nocardia genus‐specific 16s RNA primers NG1 and NG2 were used to generate a 600 bp fragment recovered from affected tissue, confirming the diagnosis of Nocardia spp. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nocardiosis in meagre.
The Effect of Selected Starches on Hydration, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Restructured Beef Products
Authors: Pietrasik Z. , Pierce D.L. , Janz J.A.M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWet‐extracted (WEPS) and air‐classified pea starches were included at 3 g/100 g in a restructured beef with 0, 20 or 40 g/100 g water addition. Hydration and textural properties, and consumer acceptance were evaluated, and performance of pea starch‐added products was compared with a product made with modified cornstarch (MCS) and a starch‐free control.The meat protein/starch matrix in the restructured products was sufficient to entrap water during cooking, although the systems were less stable with 40 g/100 g water addition leading to greater moisture losses. Increased moisture content resulted in products with decreased hardness and chewiness. Compared with control, all starches improved hydration properties of the products containing additional water; however, MCS performance was superior to pea starch, especially for purge control.Firmness acceptability of MCS and WEPS samples was lower than that of the starch‐free control; however, starch type did not affect color, flavor or overall acceptability.Practical ApplicationsResults of this study indicate a potential for using pea starches to improve the processing characteristics of restructured meat products. Of the three starches tested, modified cornstarch was found to be superior for controlling purge and improving hydration properties of water‐added products; however, the pea starches still performed better than the control for moisture retention in corned beef.Pea starches could be a viable and a lower‐cost formulation alternative to traditional cornstarches and therefore create new opportunities for extending their utilization in food systems.
Efficacies of Cleaning Methods for Decontaminating Vibrio parahaemolyticus on the Surfaces of Cutting Boards Cross‐Contaminated from Grated Fish Fillet
Authors: Kim Su‐Yeon , Li Tong , Heo Ji‐Young , Bae Young‐Min , Hwang In‐Kyeong , Lee Sun‐Young , Moon BoKyung 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFour types of cutting boards (wood, polyethylene, polypropylene and acrylic) were contaminated with grated fish fillet inoculated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. To simulate a used cutting board, wood cutting boards were treated with sandpaper for 20 min in the same direction. The initial populations of V. parahaemolyticus without and with 3% (w/v) salt were 6.10 and 6.57 log cfu/g, respectively. After 1 h, levels of V. parahaemolyticus transferred to cutting board surfaces without and with 3% salt were 2.8–4.1 and 1.6–3.6 log cfu/g, respectively. Transfer levels of V. parahaemolyticus from the cutting boards to cucumber were 3.36 and 3.27 log cfu/unit area on the wood cutting boards at 25C indicating high levels could cross‐contaminate to cucumber. For evaluation of cleaning methods, wiping with paper towels (dry, wetted with water, wetted with alcohol and wetted with chlorine) reduced levels of V. parahaemolyticus on the cutting boards to <2.38 log cfu/unit area. Washing with water was less effective at reducing levels of V. parahaemolyticus on cutting boards than towel wiping methods. However, a combined cleaning method with an alcohol paper towel and running water was the most effective at eliminating V. parahaemolyticus on the surface of cutting boards under normal use conditions.Practical ApplicationsVibrio parahaemolyticus infection has been implicated in a number of illness outbreaks linked to food consumption. When raw fish contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus is handled in the kitchen, the surface of cutting boards can be easily contaminated. We investigated levels of V. parahaemolyticus cross‐contamination from grated fish fillet to cutting boards along with the effects of cleaning method for reducing V. parahaemolyticus. Although wiping with alcohol towel was effective, one‐step cleaning methods did not completely eliminate attached V. parahaemolyticus on the cutting boards. Therefore, a combined cleaning method with an alcohol paper towel and running water was suggested as the most effective way to eliminate V. parahaemolyticus on the surfaces of cutting boards under normal use conditions. These results can be used to develop kitchen safety guidelines for preventing foodborne outbreaks.
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and endoscopic sphincterotomy in long‐term stenting for common bile duct stones
Authors: Nishizawa Toshihiro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Takahashi Masahiko , Kaneko Hiroshi , Suzuki Masayuki , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground and AimWe investigated the patency rate of a biliary stent and the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for difficult‐to‐remove common bile duct stones.MethodA total of 63 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) were performed in 36 patients (mean age, 86.0 years; male–female, 17:19) for stenting. Among the 63 subjects, 28 were further treated with EST; 20, with UDCA therapy; and 43, without UDCA therapy.ResultsThe mean patency time was significantly longer in the UDCA treatment group (1,012 days) than in the “stent without UDCA” group (354 days; P = 0.0002; hazard ratio, 0.253). The mean patency time was significantly longer in the patients who had stent placement with EST (1074 days) than in those who had stent placement without EST (279 days; P = 0.001; hazard ratio, 0.439). The mean patency time was significantly longer in the patients who had stent placement with UDCA therapy and EST (1211 days) than in the patients who had stent placement with either UDCA therapy or EST (425 days; P = 0.031; hazard ratio, 0.3292). The mean patency time was significantly longer in the patients who had stent placement with either UDCA therapy or EST than in those who had stent placement without UDCA therapy or EST (263 days; P = 0.0465; hazard ratio, 0.5124).ConclusionBiliary stenting combined with UDCA therapy and EST may be considered as an effective treatment method for cases of common bile duct stones in elderly patients that are difficult to remove.
Lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: A review
Authors: Subramaniam Kavitha , D'Rozario James , Pavli Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe lymphoproliferative disorders (LDs) are a heterogeneous group of at least 70 conditions that result from the clonal proliferation of B, T, and NK cells. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)‐associated lymphomas are typically B‐cell LD, while T‐cell or Hodgkin's lymphomas are rare.In IBD patients not on immunosuppression, the risk of LD seems to be similar or slightly higher than the background population risk. Thiopurine therapy is associated with an increased risk: the relative risk is increased four‐ to sixfold and the absolute risk varies between 1 in 4000–5000 for those aged 20–29 to 1 in 300–400 in those over 70. It is difficult to quantify the risk of anti‐ tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy alone; however, it appears to be less than for thiopurines alone.There is particular concern regarding the development of post‐transplant‐like LD in those with latent epstein‐barr virus (EBV) infection exposed to immunosuppressives, the occurrence of hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma in patients treated with combination anti‐TNF and thiopurine therapy, and the development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in those who acquire a primary EBV or other infections while on immunosuppressive medication. There are currently no guidelines for monitoring EBV (or other virus) status in patients on immunosuppression, although it could be used to monitor those who have a prior history of lymphoma and are about to start a thiopurine or anti‐TNF agent.In discussing the risks of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with agents used for the treatment of IBD, patients can often be reassured that the benefits of such therapy still outweigh the small, but real, risks.
Can Government Policies Induce Earnings Management Behavior? ‐Evidence from Chinese Public Listed Firms
Authors: Hu Nan , Li Xu , Liu Ling , Qi Baolei , Tian Gaoling 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEarnings management behavior is a concern of standard setters, regulators, and investors. This study predicts that government policies can induce earnings management behavior. Based on a sample of 8,765 firm years ranging from 2002 to 2009, this study uses two methods to detect the effect of government policies on managers' earnings management behavior. One is the earnings distribution method developed by Burgstahler and Dichev (1997), and the other is the modified Jones model proposed by DeFond and Jiambalvo (1994). We find that policies issued by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) can induce managers of listed firms to engage in earnings management to either avoid negative consequences (e.g., delisting) or to meet requirements (e.g., refinancing). So, although the purpose of government is to protect investors as well as to promote the healthy development of the securities market, its policies are a double‐edged sword: if there is no strict and effective control mechanism, government policies can harm investors and disturb the normal order of the securities market.
The Effect of Arthur Andersen's Demise on Clients' Audit Fees and Auditor Conservatism: International Evidence
Authors: Srinidhi Bin , Hossain Mahmud , Lim Chee Yeow 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUsing samples from 12 non‐U.S.A. countries, we find that following Arthur Andersen's failure in the United States of America, successor Big‐N auditors charged an audit fee premium for ex‐Andersen clients compared to existing clients and non‐Andersen switch‐ins. We show that this audit fee premium is not attributable to the Andersen switch‐ins having lower prior earnings quality or lower bargaining power than non‐Andersen switch‐ins. We also show that ex‐Andersen clients exhibit higher earnings quality after the switch than do ongoing clients and other switch‐ins. These results suggest that the audit fee premium is attributable to auditor conservatism. Furthermore, we find that risk assessments for ex‐Andersen clients are higher in countries with weak legal and extra‐legal institutions. We interpret this result as suggesting that the effect of lost auditor reputation is stronger when objective evidence of earnings quality is uncertain because of weaker supporting institutions. This is the first study to document a direct effect of countrywide institutions on audit risk assessment.
The adaptive potential of Populus balsamifera L. to phenology requirements in a warmer global climate
Authors: Olson Matthew S. , Levsen Nicholas , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Guy Robert D. , Schroeder William R. , Keller Stephen R. , Tiffin Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe manner in which organisms adapt to climate change informs a broader understanding of the evolution of biodiversity as well as conservation and mitigation plans. We apply common garden and association mapping approaches to quantify genetic variance and identify loci affecting bud flush and bud set, traits that define a tree's season for height growth, in the boreal forest tree Populus balsamifera L. (balsam poplar). Using data from 478 genotypes grown in each of two common gardens, one near the southern edge and another near the northern edge of P. balsamifera's range, we found that broad‐sense heritability for bud flush and bud set was generally high (H2 > 0.5 in most cases), suggesting that abundant genetic variation exists for phenological response to changes in the length of the growing season. To identify the molecular genetic basis of this variation, we genotyped trees for 346 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 27 candidate genes for the CO/FT pathway in poplar. Mixed‐model analyses of variance identified SNPs in 10 genes to be associated with variation in either bud flush or bud set. Multiple SNPs within FRIGIDA were associated with bud flush, whereas multiple SNPs in LEAFY and GIGANTEA 5 were associated with bud set. Although there was strong population structure in stem phenology, the geographic distribution of multilocus association SNP genotypes was widespread except at the most northern populations, indicating that geographic regions may harbour sufficient diversity in functional genes to facilitate adaption to future climatic conditions in many sites.
Environmental margin and island evolution in Middle Eastern populations of the Egyptian fruit bat
Authors: Hulva P. , Marešová T. , Dundarova H. , Bilgin R. , Benda P. , Bartonička T. , Horáček I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHere, we present a study of the population genetic architecture and microevolution of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) at the environmental margins in the Middle East using mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellites. In contrast to the rather homogenous population structure typical of cave‐dwelling bats in climax tropical ecosystems, a relatively pronounced isolation by distance and population diversification was observed. The evolution of this pattern could be ascribed to the complicated demographic history at higher latitudes related to the range margin fragmentation and complex geomorphology of the studied area. Lineages from East Africa and Arabia show divergent positions. Within the northwestern unit, the most marked pattern of the microsatellite data set is connected with insularity, as demonstrated by the separate status of populations from Saharan oases and Cyprus. These demes also exhibit a reduction in genetic variability, which is presumably connected with founder effects, drift and other potential factors related to island evolution as site‐specific selection. Genetic clustering indicates a semipermeability of the desert barriers in the Sahara and Arabian Peninsula and a corridor role of the Nile Valley. The results emphasize the role of the island environment in restricting the gene flow in megabats, which is also corroborated by biogeographic patterns within the family, and suggests the possibility of nascent island speciation on Cyprus. Demographic analyses suggest that the colonization of the region was connected to the spread of agricultural plants; therefore, the peripatric processes described above might be because of or strengthened by anthropogenic changes in the environment.