bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How We Write: Understanding Scholarly Writing through
Metaphor
Authors: Boyd Michelle 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This article introduces the writing metaphor and examines why
political scientists should consider developing one to describe their own writing
process. Drawing on the author's experience with writing accountability groups, it
defines the components of the writing metaphor, provides an example, and discusses
its advantages and disadvantages. The article argues that the writing metaphor can
clarify scholars' implicit assumptions about the act of writing and the writing
product and reveal unexpected information about their work habits and thinking
process. By doing so, the writing metaphor can increase scholars' productivity and
may ultimately enhance their writing experience.
The Post-Palin Calculus: The 2012 Republican Veepstakes
Authors: Baumgartner Jody C 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article results are presented from a conditional logit model of vice
presidential selection that correctly predicts Mitt Romney selecting Paul Ryan as
his vice presidential running mate in 2012. The model, which correctly predicts 14
of the 20 contested major party vice presidential nominations from 1960 through
2008, suggests that media exposure, political experience, having served in the
military, age, and gender/racial/ethnic diversity are significant factors in
selecting a vice presidential candidate in the modern era.
Nanometer Scale Tomographic Investigation of Fine Scale Precipitates in a CuFeNi Granular System by Three-Dimensional Field Ion Microscopy
Authors: Cazottes Sophie , Vurpillot François , Fnidiki Abdeslem , Lemarchand Dany , Baricco Marcello , Danoix Frederic 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe microstructure of Cu80Fe10Ni10(at. %) granular ribbons was investigated by means of three-dimensional field ion microscopy (3D FIM). This ribbon is composed of magnetic precipitates embedded in a nonmagnetic matrix. The magnetic precipitates have a diameter smaller than 5 nm in the as-spun state and are coherent with the matrix. No accurate characterization of such a microstructure has been performed so far. A tomographic characterization of the microstructure of melt spun and annealed Cu80Fe10Ni10ribbon was achieved with 3D FIM at the atomic scale. A precise determination of the size distribution, number density, and distance between the precipitates was carried out. The mean diameter for the precipitates is 4 nm in the as-spun state. After 2 h at 350°C, there is an increase of the size of the precipitates, while after 2 h at 400°C the mean diameter of the precipitates decreases. Those data were used as inputs in models that describe the magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of this alloy.
BETWEEN THE PROBLEMS OF PÓLYA AND TURÁN
Authors: MOSSINGHOFF MICHAEL J. , TRUDGIAN TIMOTHY S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe investigate the behaviour of the function $L_{\alpha }(x) = \sum _{n\leq x}\lambda (n)/n^{\alpha }$, where $\lambda (n)$ is the Liouville function and $\alpha $ is a real parameter. The case where $\alpha =0$ was investigated by Pólya; the case $\alpha =1$, by Turán. The question of the existence of sign changes in both of these cases is related to the Riemann hypothesis. Using both analytic and computational methods, we investigate similar problems for the more general family $L_{\alpha }(x)$, where $0\leq \alpha \leq 1$, and their relationship to the Riemann hypothesis and other properties of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The case where $\alpha =1/2$is of particular interest.
Correlations in health status between estimates of families of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and estimates of staff
Authors: Ozanne Anneli G. , Persson Lennart I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to compare self-estimates of the physical, psychological, and general well-being of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their next of kin with the assessment of the nurses and physician of these participants.Method:The well-being of 35 pairs of patients and their next of kin was rated by themselves, and by a physician and nurses. The well-being was examined over time, using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients' physical function was estimated at the same time with the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and the Norris scale.Results:The correlations between the staff's estimates of the well-being of patients and next of kin were similar to their own estimates, even though staff to a higher degree estimated a decrease in well-being over time among the patients. The estimates by the nurses correlated better to that of the patients and next of kin in psychological and general well-being than the physicians' estimates did.Significance of results:Even though the staff's estimates of participants were roughly equivalent to their self-estimates, there were some differences. This result calls attention to the importance of working in teams in which different professional roles are combined and integrated, making it possible to form a holistic view of the situation of each family. A concern overlooked by one member of staff might be covered by another, and different focuses on the family may give a better composite picture of their life situation, which could lead to better support to the family.
Sharing experiences in a support group: men's talk during the radiotherapy period for prostate cancer
Authors: Öster Inger , Hedestig Oliver , Johansson Mona , Klingstedt Nina , Lindh Jack 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:Prostate cancer, one of the most common cancers in men, is often treated with radiotherapy, which strains both physical and mental health. This study aimed to describe the experiences of men living with prostate cancer shared within conversational support groups during a course of radiotherapy.Method:Nine men participated in one of two groups that met six or seven times, led by a professional nurse. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes in the recorded group conversations.Results:The analysis resulted in six themes: living with a changing body, being in the hands of others, learning to live with the disease, the importance of knowledge, everyday life support, and meeting in the support group. The men discussed a wide variety of bodily experiences and described support from healthcare professionals, relatives, friends, and the support group as crucial to their recovery.Significance of results:Meeting men in a similar situation, sharing experiences of living with the disease, and feeling allied to each other were important to the men in our study. The conversational support group provided the patient with prostate cancer a forum where sharing was made possible.
Water vapor transport for summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau: Multidata set analysis
Authors: Feng Lei , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: September 2012

The atmospheric water vapor transport for summer precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (hereafter TP) during 1979–2002 is examined by using five precipitation data sets and three reanalysis data sets. The multidata ensemble mean shows that under climate mean conditions, TP is a moisture sink in summer, having a net moisture convergence of 4 mm/day. The climatological water vapor transport from the southern boundary, which originates from the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, dominates the summer precipitation over the southeastern TP. It is estimated that the water vapor from the western boundary along the southern edge of the TP is about 32% of that from the southern boundary. The summer precipitation over the southeastern TP exhibits strong interannual variability, with a standard deviation of 1.3 mm/day, but no significant long‐term trend. The water vapor transport for the interannual variability of summer rainfall over the southeastern TP mainly comes from the western boundary of the TP, which is originally from lower latitudes. An excessive rainfall anomaly of 1 mm/day over the southeastern TP is associated with an anomalous water vapor input of 138 (104) kg/m/s from the western (southern) boundary. It is worth noting that the quantitative analysis in this study is determined by the setting of the domain. The interannual variability of summer precipitation over the southeastern TP is dominated by an anomalous anticyclone over the northern Indian subcontinent and the Bay of Bengal, which intensifies the water vapor transport along the southern edge of the TP and leads to more water vapor convergence over the southeastern TP, thus the excessive rainfall in the area.
Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data
Authors: Meiners K. M. , Vancoppenolle M. , Thanassekos S. , Dieckmann G. S. , Thomas D. N. , Tison J.‐L. , Arrigo K. R. , Garrison D. L. , McMinn A. , Lannuzel D. , van der Merwe P. , Swadling K. M. , Smith W. O. , Melnikov I. , Raymond B. 
Published: September 2012

Sea ice core chlorophyll a data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll apeaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum‐Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associated with thin ice (<0.4 m), and ice of moderate thickness (0.4–1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.
Diurnal variability of upper ocean temperatures from microwave satellite measurements and Argo profiles
Authors: Gille S. T. 
Published: September 2012

Diurnal temperature variability in the top 50 m of the ocean is assessed by pairing Argo temperature profiles with geographically colocated Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) collected within ±24 h of each other. Data pairs with time separations of up to ±3 h are used to evaluate systematic differences between the two data sets. Daytime SSTs are warmer than Argo 5 m temperatures in low‐wind conditions, as expected due to diurnal surface warming effects. SSTs also tend to be warmer than Argo 5 m temperatures when columnar water vapor is less than ∼7 mm. These effects are removed empirically. For Argo data collected within ±24 h of satellite overpass times, temperature differences between Argo and AMSR‐E show evidence of a diurnal cycle detectable at 5 m depth and below. The diurnal amplitude decreases with increasing latitude and increasing depth to the base of the mixed layer and is stronger in summer than in winter. At 5 m depth, the amplitude of the summer diurnal cycle ranges from about 0.1°C at the equator to 0.05°C near 60° latitude. At latitudes where the diurnal amplitude exceeds about 0.04°C, maximum temperatures occur at about 16:50 ±0:40 local time, and minimum temperatures occur at about 07:50 ±0:40 local time. Above the base of the mixed layer, the time of the diurnal maximum increases with depth, consistent with downward propagation of the diurnal signal, while the time of the minimum implies an upward propagation.
Inverse carbon dioxide flux estimates for the Netherlands
Authors: Meesters A. G. C. A. , Tolk L. F. , Peters W. , Hutjes R. W. A. , Vellinga O. S. , Elbers J. A. , Vermeulen A. T. , van der Laan S. , Neubert R. E. M. , Meijer H. A. J. , Dolman A. J. 
Published: September 2012

CO2 fluxes for the Netherlands and surroundings are estimated for the year 2008, from concentration measurements at four towers, using an inverse model. The results are compared to direct CO2flux measurements by aircraft, for 6 flight tracks over the Netherlands, flown multiple times in each season. We applied the Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Modeling system (RAMS) coupled to a simple carbon flux scheme (including fossil fuel), which was run at 10 km resolution, and inverted with an Ensemble Kalman Filter. The domain had 6 eco‐regions, and inversions were performed for the four seasons separately. Inversion methods with pixel‐dependent and ‐independent parameters for each eco‐region were compared. The two inversion methods, in general, yield comparable flux averages for each eco‐region and season, whereas the difference from the prior flux may be large. Posterior fluxes co‐sampled along the aircraft flight tracks are usually much closer to the observations than the priors, with a comparable performance for both inversion methods, and with best performance for summer and autumn. The inversions showed more negative CO2 fluxes than the priors, though the latter are obtained from a biosphere model optimized using the Fluxnet database, containing observations from more than 200 locations worldwide. The two different crop ecotypes showed very different CO2uptakes, which was unknown from the priors. The annual‐average uptake is practically zero for the grassland class and for one of the cropland classes, whereas the other cropland class had a large net uptake, possibly because of the abundance of maize there.
Role of phages in the control of bacterial pathogens in food.
Authors: Niu Y. D. , Stanford K. , McAllister T. A. , Callaway T. R. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

This chapter reviews published scientific literature on: (i) the nature of bacterial contamination of the food supply; (ii) the isolation of zoonotic bacteria-specific bacteriophages; and (iii) the use of bacteriophages against foodborne bacterial pathogens, with emphasis on treatment of farm animals (such as poultry, pigs, sheep and cattle), in food processing plants, and in ready-to-eat foods.
Multidimensional performance characteristics in selected and deselected talented soccer players
Authors: Huijgen Barbara C. H. , Elferink‐Gemser Marije T. , Lemmink Koen A. P. M. , Visscher Chris 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe present study examined whether performance characteristics discriminated between selected and deselected players in talent development programmes. This examination was carried out in talented soccer players, aged 16–18 years using objective measurement instruments. Four domains of multidimensional performance characteristics (physiological, technical, tactical and psychological) were assessed by using a test battery consisting of soccer‐specific field tests and questionnaires. Multivariate analyses of covariance revealed that the physiological characteristics peak and repeated shuttle sprint, the technical characteristics of peak and repeated shuttle dribble and the tactical characteristic of ‘positioning and deciding’, significantly differed between the selected (n=76) and deselected players (n=37), with selected players performing better (P<0.05). Discriminant function analysis showed that the combination of the technical characteristic ‘peak dribbling’, the tactical characteristic ‘positioning and deciding’ and the physiological characteristic of ‘peak sprinting’ classified 69% of talented players correctly. In conclusion, the decisions made by the investigated clubs to either select or deselect players in their talent development programme, whom were aged 16–18 years, were mostly discriminated by aspects of the players' technical, tactical and physiological skill performances. Sports research can play an essential role in investigating the club's perception of important performance characteristics in talented players.
Mechanical milling assisted synthesis of Ba–Mn co-substituted BiFeO3 ceramics and their properties
Authors: Saravana Kumar K , Venkateswaran C , Kannan D , Tiwari Brajesh , Ramachandra Rao M S 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Samples of composition Bi1−x
Ba
x
Fe1−x
Mn
x
O3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) were synthesized by initial mixing of precursors by high-energy ball milling and subsequent sintering of the milled powders. The co-substitution of Ba–Mn controls the formation of impurity phases, as evident from x-ray diffraction analysis. Evidence of Fe in mixed oxidation states of +3 and +2 and Mn in +3 state is found from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electron microscopy exhibits a decrease in grain size due to inhibition in grain growth by Ba–Mn co-substitution. The magnetization value at 20 kOe increases as the percentage of substitution increases. The x = 0.2 sample exhibits a comparable and stable resistivity curve in the experimental temperature range and has a higher value of remanent polarization (P
r) when compared with the x = 0 sample.
Organization and Information: Firms’ Governance Choices in Rational-Expectations Equilibrium*
Authors: Gibbons Robert , Holden Richard , Powell Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe analyze a rational-expectations model of price formation in an intermediate-good market under uncertainty. There is a continuum of firms, each consisting of a party who can reduce production cost and a party who can discover information about demand. Both parties can make specific investments at private cost, and there is a machine that either party can control. As in incomplete-contracting models, different governance structures (i.e., different allocations of control of the machine) create different incentives for the parties’ investments. As in rational-expectations models, some parties may invest in acquiring information, which is then incorporated into the market-clearing price of the intermediate good by these parties’ production decisions. The informativeness of the price mechanism affects the returns to specific investments and hence the optimal governance structure for individual firms; meanwhile, the governance choices by individual firms affect the informativeness of the price mechanism. In equilibrium, the informativeness of the price mechanism can induce ex ante homogeneous firms to choose heterogeneous governance structures.
Improving browsability of archive catalogues using Web 2.0
Authors: Gresham Emily , Higgins Sarah 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects Web 2.0 has on users' ability to browse online archive catalogues effectively.Design/methodology/approachMethods used included a review of the relevant scholarly literature, content analysis and semi‐structured interviews with purposive samples of online catalogues and archive staff, respectively.FindingsThe Web 2.0 technologies likely to improve browsability were identified. Web 2.0 use was expected to be low, the results confirmed this. Results from the interviews showed that although Web 2.0 may improve browsability for certain user groups, more fundamental improvements such as improved catalogue data were expected to be more effective. Interviewees did not see any clear benefits to Web 2.0 implementation and had struggled to collect data on usage of some of the Web 2.0 tools they used.Research limitations/implicationsThe results provided confirmation of many points made in existing research. Data need to be collected from users if Web 2.0 use and its effects on browsability are to be understood. At present the effects of Web 2.0 on the browsability of online catalogues remains unclear.Originality/valueThis paper provides a starting point for further investigation into the effect of Web 2.0 on the browsability of online catalogues. Web 2.0 tools which could potentially improve browsability have been identified and a snapshot has been taken of their use across the sample catalogues.
Towards a model for understanding the influence of the factors that stimulate university students' engagement and performance in knowledge sharing
Authors: Zaqout Fahed , Abbas Merza 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that stimulated the sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge and their effects on performance among research‐mode graduate students. The findings of this study provided a better understanding of the knowledge‐sharing activities among graduate students who were engaged in project‐based or individual learning activities.Design/methodology/approachThe survey method was employed to gather data and the resulting data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. A total of 245 valid responses were collected from students enrolled in various graduate programmes at the main and branch campuses of Universiti Sains Malaysia.FindingsThe students reported a positive and constructive approach toward knowledge sharing with the exogenous variables, namely, trust, social networks, and information and communications technology (ICT) reporting significant positive direct effects on the mediating variables, namely, tacit and explicit knowledge. Only tacit knowledge had a significant direct effect on performance, the endogenous variable. In addition, the knowledge‐sharing activities were localized to the respective campuses.Research limitations/implicationsThe investigation involved samples from one university. A large sample size that involves other universities is needed in order to generalize the findings.Practical implicationsThe paper offers a snapshot of the intensity and pattern of knowledge‐sharing behaviours that can be used to improve learning and performance among students engaged in individual learning.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have investigated knowledge‐sharing activities among research‐mode students at the Master and Doctoral levels.
Observations on the development of non‐print legal deposit in the UK
Authors: Gibby Richard , Brazier Caroline 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe process of developing and implementing UK legislation for the legal deposit of electronic and other non‐print publications has been lengthy and remains incomplete, although the Government has consulted on draft regulations for implementation in 2013. The purpose of this paper is to provide a short account of progress and review the experience, analysing several factors that have influenced the legislative process and helped shape the proposed regulations. It summarises the regulatory and non‐regulatory steps taken by the UK legal deposit libraries to address the legitimate concerns of publishers and describes some of the practical implications of implementing legal deposit for non‐print publications.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws upon the personal experiences of the authors, who have been directly involved in the legislative process and negotiations with publishers and other stakeholders.FindingsThe paper provides new information and a summary of key issues and outcomes, with explanations and some insights into the factors that have influenced them.Originality/valueThis paper provides new information about the development of legal deposit in the UK and a review of the issues that have affected its progress.