bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strangers in town: On discourses of Asianness in the Italian Western
Authors: Ritzer Ivo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article characterizes the Italian Western as an innate hybrid genre that has to be seen as constituted by decentralized modes of production, mobility of film-makers and fluid exhibition networks. Italian Westerns travel across national boundaries, working as a junction in a global network of cultural exchange. Against this theoretical backdrop of transnationalism, several key films are discussed, each starring an Asian protagonist or antagonist. As only two of the films in question figure as Italian Asian co-productions, the representation of ‘eastern’ identity through ‘western’ images is of particular interest. The article poses the question if there is a merging of the national and the generic or simply an incorporation of the Other’s discourse at work: How are ‘eastern’ genres like the Japanese sword film and the Hong Kong martial arts movie fused with the Italian Western? To answer this question, the article draws on textual analysis that never loses sight of overdetermining contextual factors. Thus, the films are seen to reflect their transnational modes of production, being just as hybrid as the global imaginary giving rise to them. Competing subject positions come into view, showing that the texts and their discourses of ‘Asianness’ are deeply open to ambivalence.
An Italian bicycle in the people’s republic: Minor transnationalism and the Chinese translation of Ladri di biciclette/Bicycle Thieves
Authors: Chen Thomas 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article seeks to stimulate critical attention to dubbed films as translations, which have been traditionally neglected in Chinese cinema studies and in cinema studies generally. It takes as a case study the dubbing into Mandarin Chinese of Ladri di biciclette/Bicycle Thieves (De Sica, 1948), the first film from Western Europe to be imported into the People’s Republic of China (PRC). After detailing the early history of translated films in the PRC, especially the process and technique of dubbing, the article examines the work of censorship in selecting foreign films for import and translation and analyses contemporary audience reception of dubbed films as well as efforts by official propaganda to shape that reception. Finally, in an extension of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of minor literature into the field of film, I consider dubbed cinema as a minor cinema that, in the movement from one language to another, creates a space for alternative enunciations that fosters the formation of a transnational sensibility
Feminist mediations: The sacred and the secular in the work of three Pakistani female singers
Authors: Afzal-Khan Fawzia 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article is situated within cultural, performance, political and feminist theory. It looks at the place of women singers in Pakistan and assesses their mediation of secular and sacred spaces, providing some understanding of the impact of women in Pakistani culture. A secondary aim of this article is to help dislodge some pervasive stereotypes in the West about the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, its culture and its women, while encouraging a self-critical move on the part of the Pakistani state and its citizenry to help halt the dangerous turn towards a regressive Islamist national politics.
Local Option, Alcohol and Crime
Authors: Billings Stephen B. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
With the end of National Prohibition in 1933, 30 states gave counties and municipalities the local option to continue alcohol restrictions. Currently, 10% of U.S. counties still maintain a ban on some or all alcohol. Since the Prohibition movement advanced on the association between alcohol use and criminal behavior, this research examines the impact of county-level alcohol restrictions on multiple types of crime across five U.S. states. Standard panel models show a positive relationship between local option policy changes to allow alcohol and crime. The novelty of this research involves comparing the impact of alcohol restrictions across crimes classified by the degree to which an offense is often committed under the influence of alcohol. Results highlight impacts across a number of crime categories with crimes commonly committed under the influence of alcohol as well as crimes involving drug use and even crimes associated with obtaining alcohol all increasing when counties allow the sale and consumption of alcohol.
New Labour? The Effects of Migration from Central and Eastern Europe on Unemployment and Wages in the UK
Authors: Lemos Sara , Portes Jonathan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The UK was one of only three countries that granted free movement of workers to accession nationals following the enlargement of the European Union in May 2004. The resulting migration inflow, which was substantially larger and faster than anticipated, arguably corresponds more closely to an exogenous supply shock than most migration shocks studied in the literature. We evaluate the impact of this migration inflow – one of the largest in British history – on the UK labour market. We use new monthly micro-level data and an empirical approach that investigates which of several particular labour markets in the UK – with varying degrees of natives’ mobility and migrants’ self-selection – may have been affected. We found little evidence that the inflow of accession migrants contributed to a fall in wages or a rise in claimant unemployment in the UK between 2004 and 2006.
Identifying Families With Limited English Proficiency Using a Capture-Recapture Approach
Authors: Boscolo-Hightower Adrian , Rafton Sarah A. , Tolman Michelle , Zhou Chuan , Ebel Beth E. 
Published: January 2014

Background and Objective:
Health providers need reliable estimates of the number of families with limited English proficiency (LEP) to assess language need and language service provision. Hospitals often lack reliable language screening tools and fail to provide interpretation for LEP families. The objective of this study was to develop a simple audit tool to more accurately identify LEP patients and families.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a retrospective cohort of patients admitted to a large pediatric hospital between July 1 and December 31, 2009. We used a “capture-recapture” approach to develop a simple audit tool to measure language screening, determine the rate of language interpretation, and estimate the number of LEP families. The captures were based on 2 independent sources: (1) language need identified at registration and (2) request for interpretation during hospital admission. Assuming a closed population, we estimated the number of LEP families missed by both captures.

Results:
During the study period, 6887 patients were admitted for care. There were 948 LEP families identified at registration and 847 families received interpretation at least once during hospital admission. We determined that the “ascertainment corrected” number of LEP families was 1031 (95% confidence interval: 1022–1040). The number of patients who had been “missed” by both methods was 15 (95% confidence interval: 7–24). Only 76% of LEP patients were identified in both data sources.

Conclusions:
A simple language audit tool can be used to determine language need, rates of interpretation, and unmet demand for language services, even when both sources of data are incomplete.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Achieve High Nursing Presence During Patient- and Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Norton Laura , Gage Sandra , Ren Bixiang , Quesnell Amanda , Zimmanck Kim , Toth Heather , Weisgerber Michael 
Published: January 2014

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify local barriers to nursing presence on patient- and family-centered rounds (PFCR); and (2) increase nursing attendance during PFCR.

Methods:
An electronic survey needs assessment was administered to nursing staff on a single acute medical care unit to identify local barriers to nursing presence on PFCR. Daily tracking of nursing presence on rounds was then performed over a 7-month period. During this time period, 2 Plan-Do-Study Act cycles were conducted. The first intervention was a workshop for nurses about PFCR. The second intervention was the development of a strategy to contact nurses by using a hands-free communication device so that nurses were notified when rounds were starting on their patients. To evaluate the impact of our interventions, a p-chart was generated for the outcome of average daily nursing attendance (%) on PFCR per week over the 7-month period.

Results:
Two barriers identified on the survey were: (1) nurses were uncertain if physicians valued their input during PFCR; and (2) nurses were unsure when the physician team would be conducting rounds on their patients. On the p-chart, the average percentage of nursing attendance before interventions was 47%. After the nursing workshop, no change in the mean nursing attendance on PFCR was noted. After initiation of the hands-free contact strategy, nursing attendance on PFCR rose to 80%.

Conclusions:
A nursing contact strategy using a hands-free device led to a sustained increase in nursing attendance during PFCR.
Chemically Mediated Mate Finding of the Polyphagous Solitary Parasitoid Itoplectis naranyae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Itadani H , Ueno T 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Polyphagous solitary parasitoids have difficulty finding mates that can be widely dispersed because of their polyphagous natures. Males of polyphagous species are more likely to rely on compounds characteristic of the female or on sex pheromones to find mates. However, the mating biology of few polyphagous parasitoids has been studied and sex pheromones are known for only a few species of parasitoids altogether. Here we examined the mating biology of the polyphagous parasitoid Itoplectis naranyae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), which attacks a variety of lepidopteran pupae. The existence and timing of emission of female sex pheromones and male response with age were studied in the laboratory. A field test was also conducted to confirm the attractiveness of newly emerged females to wild males over a distance. The results confirmed that volatile compounds are used in the sexual communication in I. naranyae. Females attracted males most strongly shortly after emergence; pupae and older females were much less attractive. Older (30-d-old) males were most responsive to female sex pheromones. Males with prior experience with females responded more strongly than naïve males. The field test showed that traps containing virgin females attracted wild males. These results showed that this solitary polyphagous species uses volatile compounds to find scattered mates at close and moderate ranges. The existence of chemically mediated mate finding suggests that sex pheromone traps may be useful in management of I. naranyae as a biological control agent.
Modeling the Area-Wide Integration of Male Annihilation and the Simultaneous Release of Methyl Eugenol-ExposedBactroceraspp. Sterile Males
Authors: Barclay Hugh J , McInnis Donald , Hendrichs Jorge 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present simple models that describe the factors influencing application of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) alone, followed by the factors affecting the integration of the Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) and SIT simultaneously to annihilate wild males and replace them with methyl eugenol (ME)-exposed sterile males that are less responsive to the toxic MAT baits. The removal by MAT of large numbers of males to deprive females of mates is rather ineffective to suppress populations unless a proportion of females are also attracted to baits. When simultaneously implementing SIT and MAT, much less stringent requirements for the annihilation of the wild male population apply and the sterile fly release rate can be reduced to only ≈5% of that when SIT is applied alone. The main determinants of control efficiency are whether a proportion of wild females is attracted to MAT baits, whether most of the wild males respond to the MAT baits before mating, and whether a majority of ME-exposed sterile males do not respond to the baits. However, a high remating frequency in mated females, and the release of only sterile males or both sterile males and females, do not greatly affect the ease of control. We conclude that the simultaneous MAT and SIT application is synergistic and the combination appears to be an extremely powerful control strategy for tephritid fruit fly pests that are attracted to ME.
Variation in Fitness among Geographically Isolated Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations
Authors: Chen Jie , Alyokhin Andrei , Mota-Sanchez David , Baker Mitchell , Whalon Mark 
Published: January 2014

AbstractColorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is a major pest of potatoes in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. It adapts quickly to adverse environments, thereby limiting the longevity of control strategies. Better understanding of variability among geographically isolated populations of this insect might create an opportunity to customize control techniques for local conditions. We investigated insecticide resistance, heat tolerance, and growth potential in six beetle populations collected from different locations in the United States. Significant differences were detected in insecticide resistance, egg mass size, and egg hatchability among the tested populations. Large egg mass size appeared to be offset by lower egg hatchability. We also observed a female-biased sex ratio at least in one of the strains. Population growth rates were different among the strains, but this parameter was not correlated to insecticide resistance. This suggests that using allopatric populations in comparative studies of insecticide resistance might result in confusing effects of geographic isolation with the effects of selection toward resistance.
First Records, New Species, and a Key of the Charipinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) from the Nearctic Region
Authors: Ferrer-Suay Mar , Selfa J , Pujade-Villar J 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The Charipinae material deposited in the United States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) and some specimens deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects from the Nearctic region have been revised. In all, 337 specimens have been included in this study and 27 species have been determined. Sixteen species are reported for the first time from the Nearctic region: Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta citripes (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta darci (Girault, 1933), Alloxysta fracticornis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta halterata (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta macrophadna (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron, 1883), Alloxysta pilipennis (Hartig, 1840), Alloxysta postica (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta proxima (Belizin, 1962), Alloxysta ramulifera (Thomson, 1862),Phaenoglyphis heterocera (Hartig, 1841), Phaenoglyphis salicis (Cameron, 1883), and Phaenoglyphis stricta (Thomson, 1877). Seven new species are described: Alloxysta buffingtoni Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta huberi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta neartica Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta texana Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta vicenti Ferrer-Suay n. sp., Phaenoglyphis jeffersoni Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., and Phaenoglyphis kenaii Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp. Diagnoses are given for the species newly recorded in this region and their main diagnostic features are present in different plates. New species are completely described and illustrated. A key to identify the Charipinae present in the Nearctic region is also given.
Basic Biology and Host Use Patterns of Tephritid Flies (Phytalmiinae: Acanthonevrini, Dacinae: Gastrozonini) Breeding in Bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoidea)
Authors: Dohm P , Kovac D , Freidberg A , Rull J , Aluja M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report results of field collections, laboratory rearing, and behavioral observations of tephritids belonging to the tribes Acanthonevrini and Gastrozonini in Malaysia and Thailand. The focus of the study was on general biology, seasonal history, mating, oviposition, larval biology, larval habits, and microhabitats. Host association with bamboo was unequivocally established for 31 species. Adult flies fed on liquids oozing from plants or other sources. Most species developed in the rainy season, when bamboo shoots were available. In Thailand, adult flies gathered along streams in the dry season. Observed sexual behavior patterns appeared to be simple in Gastrozonini, whereas in some Acanthonevrini, the males produced a foamy “nuptial gift,” which was offered to females during courtship. Eggs were laid under sheaths or in injuries to the bamboo surface. The main obstacle to oviposition and penetration of shoots appeared to be the hard culm sheaths.Thelarvae entered feeding substrates via injuries, holes created by other insects, or by squeezing in between culm sheaths and bamboo walls. Larvae of Gastrozonini and Rioxoptilona (Acanthonevrini) fed on living or dead bamboo shoots. Larvae of other Acanthonevrini developed in water-filled internode cavities, scraping particles from walls or collecting them from the water surface. Bamboo growth stages and degree of protection by culm sheaths were used to classify microhabitats. These determined to a large extent which guilds of flies could be found. While larvae of some bamboo tephritids destroyed thin bamboo shoots or branches, most acted as secondary pests and did not cause substantial economic losses.
Life Table Analysis ofPropylea quatuordecimpunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at Constant Temperatures
Authors: Papanikolaou Nikos E , Milonas Panagiotis G , Kontodimas Dimitris C , Demiris Nikos , Matsinos Yiannis G 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA life table analysis of the 14-spotted ladybird beetle, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), reared on bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was conducted at four constant temperatures (17, 20, 25, and 30 ± 1°C). A temperature dependence in the coccinellid's net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, mean generation time, and doubling time was detected. Estimated values of intrinsic rate of increase were 0.065, 0.095, 0.166, and 0.190 females per female per day at 17, 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively, where Lactin model indicated that the maximum value is achieved at 29.23°C. Females of ≈75, 50, 45, and 20 d old reach their maximum reproductive potential at 17, 20, 25, and 30 ± °C, respectively. In addition, temperature affected the risk of death of immature and female adults, as the survival curves at the examined temperatures were significantly different. The mean survival times decreased from 19.9 to 8.0 d and 123.1 to 33.5 d from 17 to 30°C for entire immature stages and female adults, respectively.
Male Reproductive Competition and Components of Female Fitness in Relation to Body Size in Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: French B Wade , Hammack Leslie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn insects, larger males generally have a reproductive advantage over smaller males when competing for mating partners. We examined male reproductive competition together with precopulation and copulation durations, female longevity, and fecundity in the northern corn rootworm in relation to the body size of males and females that were combined for mating. Longevity and fecundity were determined for individually caged, mated females. Of the females in 108 combinations of two males and one female, 35 chose not to mate. Of the females in the 73 combinations that resulted in copulation, 38 were small and 35 were large. The proportions of large and small males that mated did not vary significantly with female size, but large males were more than twice as likely as small males to mate. The precopulation duration did not vary with either male or female size, and no interaction occurred between male and female size for either the precopulation or copulation duration. However, both male and female size affected the duration of copulation, with small males copulating longer than large males and large females copulating longer than small females.Nofemale longevity or egg number differences occurredamongthe body size categories of the mating pairs. The implications of the results for insect resistance management are discussed, considering that the evolution of resistance to certain management strategies, such as resistance to the use of insecticides or of Bt maize, may be accompanied by changes in body size.
Strategy to Improve Quality in Emergency Medical Services: from Assessment to Policy
Authors: Tozija Fimka , Jankulovski Nikola 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to present the strategic approach applied for improvement of quality in emergency medical services (EMS) in the Republic of Macedonia. This approach was accomplished through three stages: (I) assessment and recommendations for policies; (II) development of innovative evidence-based programmes; and (III) policy implementation. Strategic assessment of EMS was performed by applying WHO standard methodology. A survey was conducted in 2006/2007 on the national level in fifteen general hospitals, four university hospitals, and sixteen pre-hospital EMS. The overall evaluation was based on a hospital emergency department (ED) questionnaire, information on the general characteristics of the pre-hospital dispatch centre, review of ED medical records, and the patient questionnaire. The key findings of the assessment showed that EMS required extensive changes and improvements. Pre-hospital EMS was not well-developed and utilised. Hospital EDs were not organised as separate divisions ran by a head medical doctor. The diagnostic and treatment capacities were insufficient or outdated. Most of the surveyed hospitals were capable of providing essential diagnostic tests in 24 h or less. There was no follow-up of the EMS patients or an appropriate link between the hospital EDs and primary health care facilities. The main findings of the assessment, recommendations, and proposals for action served as the basis for new policies and integrated into Macedonia’s official strategy for emergency medical services 2009-2017.
In Vivo Protective Effects of Gallic Acid Isolated from Peltiphyllum Peltatum Against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Erythrocytes
Authors: Nabavi Seyed Fazel , Habtemariam Solomon , Sureda Antoni , Hajizadeh Moghaddam Akbar , Daglia Maria , Naba Seyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Gallic acid has been identified as an antioxidant component of the edible and medicinal plant Peltiphyllum peltatum. The present study examined its potential protective role against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. Oxidative stress was induced by NaF administration through drinking water (1030.675 mg m-3 for one week). Gallic acid at 10 mg kg-1 and 20 mg kg-1 and vitamin C for positive controls (10 mg kg-1) were administered daily intraperitoneally for one week prior to NaF administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and the level of reduced glutathione were evaluated in rat erythrocytes. Lipid peroxidation in NaF-exposed rats significantly increased (by 88.8 %) when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Pre-treatment with gallic acid suppressed lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities and glutathione levels were reduced by NaF intoxication by 54.4 %, 63.69 %, and 42 % (p<0.001; vs. untreated control group), respectively. Pre-treatment with gallic acid or vitamin C significantly attenuated the deleterious effects. Gallic acid isolated from Peltiphyllum peltatum and vitamin C mitigated the NaF-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes.