bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperlinks as Political Resources: The European Commission Confronted with Online Activism
Authors: Badouard Romain , Monnoyer‐Smith Laurence 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSince the early 2000s, the European Commission has put online e‐participation and e‐government platforms related to various institutional strategies. These participative mechanisms, which are both policy instruments and communication tools for the Commission, are used by activists as political opportunities to make their voices heard by the European institutions. In this paper, we describe how these activists use Web technical resources, and foremost hyperlinks, to mobilize individuals and run online collective actions in order to make their causes public on European scenes. We show that hyperlinks can be considered as aggregative mechanisms which allow individuals to gather around a common project, and that these mobilization practices lead to the constitution of strategic public spheres on the Web.
The Domestication of Open Government Data Advocacy in the United Kingdom: A Neo‐Gramscian Analysis
Authors: Bates Jo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe article adopts a neo‐Gramscian analytical framework developed in the field of International Political Economy in order to analyze the relationship between an online collective of civil society actors and U.K. government policymakers in the case of the UK's Open Government Data (OGD) initiative. The aim of the article is to consider the neo‐Gramscian notion of trasformismo as a useful conceptual tool for exploring the relations between the OGD advocates and policymakers within the U.K. state. Empirical evidence is presented which suggests that the notion of trasformismo is able to illuminate some of the political processes of absorption, adaptation, and distortion which have emerged during the development of the UK's OGD initiative, and which have functioned to restrict the counterhegemonic potential of OGD in order to shape the initiative toward a distinctly neoliberal framework for action.
Combined computational design of a zinc‐binding site and a protein–protein interaction: One open zinc coordination site was not a robust hotspot for de novo ubiquitin binding
Authors: Der Bryan S. , Jha Raamesh K. , Lewis Steven M. , Thompson Peter M. , Guntas Gurkan , Kuhlman Brian 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe computationally designed a de novo protein–protein interaction between wild‐type ubiquitin and a redesigned scaffold. Our strategy was to incorporate zinc at the designed interface to promote affinity and orientation specificity. A large set of monomeric scaffold surfaces were computationally engineered with three‐residue zinc coordination sites, and the ubiquitin residue H68 was docked to the open coordination site to complete a tetrahedral zinc site. This single coordination bond was intended as a hotspot and polar interaction for ubiquitin binding, and surrounding residues on the scaffold were optimized primarily as hydrophobic residues using a rotamer‐based sequence design protocol in Rosetta. From thousands of independent design simulations, four sequences were selected for experimental characterization. The best performing design, called Spelter, binds tightly to zinc (Kd < 10 nM) and binds ubiquitin with a Kd of 20 µM in the presence of zinc and 68 µM in the absence of zinc. Mutagenesis studies and nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift perturbation experiments indicate that Spelter interacts with H68 and the target surface on ubiquitin; however, H68 does not form a hotspot as intended. Instead, mutation of H68 to alanine results in tighter binding. Although a 3/1 zinc coordination arrangement at an interface cannot be ruled out as a means to improve affinity, our study led us to conclude that 2/2 coordination arrangements or multiple‐zinc designs are more likely to promote high‐affinity protein interactions. Proteins 2013; 81:1245–1255. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of the NLRP1 caspase recruitment domain suggests potential mechanisms for its association with procaspase‐1
Authors: Jin Tengchuan , Curry James , Smith Patrick , Jiang Jiansheng , Xiao T. Sam 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe NLRP1 inflammasome responds to microbial challenges such as Bacillus anthracis infection and is implicated in autoimmune disease such as vitiligo. Human NLRP1 contains both an N‐terminal pyrin domain (PYD) and a C‐terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD), with the latter being essential for its association with the downstream effector procaspase‐1. Here we report a 2.0 Å crystal structure of the human NLRP1 CARD as a fusion with the maltose‐binding protein. The structure reveals the six‐helix bundle fold of the NLRP1 CARD, typical of the death domain superfamily. The charge surface of the NLRP1 CARD structure and a procaspase‐1 CARD model suggests potential mechanisms for their association through electrostatic attraction. Proteins 2013; 81:1266–1270. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐principles calculations of point defects in inorganic nanotubes
Authors: Zhukovskii Yuri F. , Piskunov Sergei , Begens Jevgenijs , Kazerovskis Jurijs , Lisovski Oleg 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe first‐principles calculations have been performed to investigate the ground‐state properties of monoperiodic boron nitride (BN), TiO2, and SrTiO3 single‐walled nanotubes (SW NTs) containing extrinsic point defects. The hybrid exchange–correlation functionals PBE, B3LYP, and B3PW within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) have been applied for large‐scale ab initio calculations on NTs with the following substitutional impurities: AlB, PN, GaB, AsN, InB, and SbN in the BN NT, as well as CO, NO, SO, and FeTi in the TiO2 and SrTiO3 NTs, respectively. The variations in formation energies obtained for equilibrium defective nanostructures allow us to predict the most stable compositions, irrespective of the changes in growth conditions. The changes in the electronic structure are analyzed to show the extent of localization of the midgap states induced by defects. Finally, the electronic charge redistribution was calculated in order to explore the intermolecular properties, which show how the reactivity of the NTs under study was affected by doping and orbital hybridization.
Fifty years ofphysica status solidiin historical perspective
Authors: Hoffmann Dieter 
Published: March 2013

Abstractphysica status solidi(pss) was launched in 1961 by the (East‐)Berlin physicist Karl Wolfgang Böer. Böer's initiative reflected the shortages of the rapidly expanding research in solid state physics, in particular the lack of specific journals in the field and a dedicated venue for a timely publication. The journal suffered a setback – shortly after the publication of its first issue in summer 1961 – when the Berlin Wall went up. However,psssurvived the political cataclysm and became one of the leading journals in the field, in particular as a forum of scientific exchange between East and West. It also played the role of a showcase of East Germany's (GDR) physics research, cherished by the authorities for enhancing the prestige of the state and for earning hard currency. In these respectspsssurpassed by far any other scientific journal published during the GDR era. During the period of the political turmoil in 1989/1990,psswent through another existential crisis. Nevertheless, thanks to a thorough overhaul, the journal prevailed and solidified its international stature yet again.psscan thus be regarded as a success story since more than fifty years, one whose first three decades were influenced by the general circumstances of the Cold War.
HORME: hierarchical–object–relational medical management for electronic record
Authors: Yang Chien‐Chang , Wei Kuo‐Jui , Li Bo , Lee Jung‐San 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAlong with widespread information communication technology, digital management has been applied to a variety of fields. Considering the rapidly growing importance of medical treatment, for which medical record management plays a crucial role, it is time to make full use of digital techniques in the medical field. Doctors in different departments and locations can check the electronic records of patients without complex steps and can even consult together via the Internet. In this paper, we design a hierarchical–object–relational management system for electronic records (HORME). HORME can not only achieve the essentials of traditional paper‐based record but can also satisfy the requirements of privacy and security according to the factorization problem, which makes it possible to protect the right of the legal doctors, patients, and hospitals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Caffeine and Stress on Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Healthy Men and Women with a Family History of Hypertension
Authors: Bennett Jeanette M. , Rodrigues Isabella M. , Klein Laura Cousino 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe connection between caffeine and its potentially detrimental effects on blood markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are controversial. Most studies have focused on cholesterol as a putative mediator of the caffeine–CVD relationship. Other blood markers such as C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen have been understudied. We examined the effects of caffeine and psychological stress on these CVD markers in healthy, young men and women with a confirmed family history of hypertension. A total of 52 normotensive, healthy adults (26 men and 26 women) aged 18–29 years (21.4 ± 0.3) participated in a laboratory session to examine stress reactivity following caffeine consumption. All participants had normal cholesterol levels. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, serum cortisol and CRP and plasma fibrinogen were collected. Men and women administered caffeine displayed an additional increase in systolic BP and cortisol response to the stressor (p < 0.05). Stress interacted with caffeine and sex to alter cortisol, fibrinogen and systolic BP but not CRP levels. These results may shed light on sex‐specific pathways that associate caffeine with CVD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Electroslag Remelted Super Hard High Speed Tool Steel Containing Niobium
Authors: Halfa Hossam 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this work, thermodynamical equilibria have been calculated for super hard high speed tool steel (HSS), AISI M41 composition belonging to the multicomponent system Fe–C–Cr–W–Mo–V–Co as well as for its three different variant containing niobium. Some temperature‐concentration diagram for both class of alloys are presented and calculated quantities (melting and transformations, amount and composition of phases) are compared with experimental data. Effect of niobium and high cooling rate during electroslag remelting on the precipitated carbides were discussed. In this work, the effect of niobium on morphology of carbides secondary hardening temperature and wear rate of investigated HSSs were studied. This work aims to study the effect of niobium as alloying element on precipitated carbides type and shape, in addition to study the effect of precipitated carbides after full heat treatment on secondary hardening and wear resistance for investigated steels.
The politics of climate change in India: narratives of equity and cobenefits
Authors: Dubash Navroz K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIndia occupies an intriguing dual position in global climate politics—a poor and developing economy with low levels of historical and per capita emissions, and a large and rapidly growing economy with rising emissions. Indian climate politics has substantially been shaped around the first perspective, and increasingly, under international pressure, is being forced to grapple with the second. This review of Indian climate politics examines the initial crystallization of Indian climate positions and its roots in national climate politics, and then examines the modest ways in which climate politics have been revisited in domestic debates since about 2007. Following elucidation of these themes, the article turns to a discussion of new directions for Indian climate policy and their moorings in domestic climate politics. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:191–201. doi: 10.1002/wcc.210This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Theory of mind
Authors: Carlson Stephanie M. , Koenig Melissa A. , Harms Madeline B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTheory of mind and its development has been a significantly important—and challenging—topic of research in cognitive science for three decades. This review summarizes our knowledge of when and how children come to understand their own and others' minds, including the developmental timetable, old and new measures, and foundational skills in infancy. We review recent research on theory‐of‐mind (ToM) and learning, that is, ways in which children's understanding of other minds informs how they learn about the world, as well as evidence for an important role of domain‐general cognitive skills (executive function) in the development of ToM, and the neural networks that are most strongly implicated. Finally, we propose future directions for research in this vast and growing field. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:391–402. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1232This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Development and Aging
Psychology > Learning
Neuroscience > Cognition
Verification of aero‐elastic offshore wind turbine design codes under IEA Wind Task XXIII
Authors: Vorpahl Fabian , Strobel Michael , Jonkman Jason M. , Larsen Torben J. , Passon Patrik , Nichols James 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis work presents the results of a benchmark study on aero‐servo‐hydro‐elastic codes for offshore wind turbine dynamic simulation. The codes verified herein account for the coupled dynamic systems including the wind inflow, aerodynamics, elasticity and controls of the turbine, along with the incident waves, sea current, hydrodynamics and foundation dynamics of the support structure.A large set of time series simulation results such as turbine operational characteristics, external conditions, and load and displacement outputs was compared and interpreted. Load cases were defined and run with increasing complexity to trace back differences in simulation results to the underlying error sources. This led to a deeper understanding of the underlying physical systems. In four subsequent phases—dealing with a 5‐MW turbine on a monopile with a fixed foundation, a monopile with a flexible foundation, a tripod and a floating spar buoy—the latest support structure developments in the offshore wind energy industry are covered, and an adaptation of the codes to those developments was initiated.The comparisons, in general, agreed quite well. Differences existed among the predictions were traced back to differences in the model fidelity, aerodynamic implementation, hydrodynamic load discretization and numerical difficulties within the codes. The comparisons resulted in a more thorough understanding of the modeling techniques and better knowledge of when various approximations are not valid. More importantly, the lessons learned from this exercise have been used to further develop and improve the codes of the participants and increase the confidence in the codes’ accuracy and the correctness of the results, hence improving the standard of offshore wind turbine modeling and simulation.One purpose of this paper is to summarize the lessons learned and present results that code developers can compare to. The set of benchmark load cases defined and simulated during the course of this project—the raw data for this paper—is available to the offshore wind turbine simulation community and is already being used for testing newly developed software tools. Despite that no measurements are included, the large number of participants and the—in general—very fine level of agreement indicate high trustworthy results within the physical assumptions of the codes and the simulation cases chosen. Other cases, such as large prebend flexible blades, large wind shear, large yaw error or transient maneuvers, may not show the same level of agreement. These cases were deliberately left out because the focus is on the specific offshore application. Further on, this benchmark study includes participating codes and organizations by name (contrary to several previous benchmark studies) that gives the reader a chance to find results from one particular code of interest.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health Systems Performance and the Politics of Cancer Survival
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFive‐year survival rates for many forms of cancer are higher in the United States than other countries in the world. There is some evidence that this reflects effective treatment of the disease, but there is equally compelling evidence that, even if better care is available in the United States, it is not equally accessible to all citizens. Despite the difficulty of interpreting cancer survival statistics, U.S. health policy debates offer a story that is simplistic. Cancer statistics are used to claim that the U.S. health care system is the “best in the world” and that efforts to evaluate the value of technology will compromise the quality of care available to patients with cancer and other life threatening illnesses. The argument that newer and more expensive medical technology always leads to better outcomes makes it difficult to conduct a reasonable public discourse about the merits of further public investment.
At the center of the circle: purinergic signaling in the autocrine loops of pancreatic islets
Authors: Öhman Jenny , Erlinge David 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe endocrine pancreas is essential for monitoring and regulating the metabolic status of the body by sensing changes in glucose and free fatty acids and respond by secreting hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Although pancreatic islets only make up a small percentage of the pancreas mass, its malfunction causes severe disease. Despite insulin treatment, and the development of novel antidiabetic drugs, diabetes is still one of the most costly and invaliding diseases, leaving an open arena for drug target discovery within the endocrine pancreas. Purinergic receptors are a class of receptors, which has already been utilized as a successful antithrombotic drug target used in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. The versatility and broad expression of these receptors make them interesting for pharmacological manipulation in treatment of disease. Purinergic receptors include four G‐protein coupled adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), eight G‐protein coupled nucleotide (ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, UDP‐glucose) gated receptors (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14), and finally seven ATP‐gated ion channels (P2X1‐7). Ectonucleotidases degrade nucleotides to their di‐ and mono derivatives, which in turn can stimulate their favored P2 receptor. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is finally hydrolyzed to adenosine, which in turn can act on adenosine receptors. Each P2Y receptor couples to different G‐proteins leading to different intracellular pathways downstream of stimulation. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2013, 2:107–119. doi: 10.1002/wmts.82For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Current status and prospects for microbubbles in ultrasound theranostics
Authors: Martin K. Heath , Dayton Paul A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEncapsulated microbubbles have been developed over the past two decades to provide improvements both in imaging as well as new therapeutic applications. Microbubble contrast agents are used currently for clinical imaging where increased sensitivity to blood flow is required, such as echocardiography. These compressible spheres oscillate in an acoustic field, producing nonlinear responses which can be uniquely distinguished from surrounding tissue, resulting in substantial enhancements in imaging signal‐to‐noise ratio. Furthermore, with sufficient acoustic energy the oscillation of microbubbles can mediate localized biological effects in tissue including the enhancement of membrane permeability or increased thermal energy deposition. Structurally, microbubbles are comprised of two principal components—an encapsulating shell and an inner gas core. This configuration enables microbubbles to be loaded with drugs or genes for additional therapeutic effect. Application of sufficient ultrasound energy can release this payload, resulting in site‐specific delivery. Extensive preclinical studies illustrate that combining microbubbles and ultrasound can result in enhanced drug delivery or gene expression at spatially selective sites. Thus, microbbubles can be used for imaging, for therapy, or for both simultaneously. In this sense, microbubbles combined with acoustics may be one of the most universal theranostic tools. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:329–345. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1219This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Colloid transport in saturated porous media: Elimination of attachment efficiency in a new colloid transport model
Authors: Landkamer Lee L. , Harvey Ronald W. , Scheibe Timothy D. , Ryan Joseph N. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
This colloid transport model eliminates the empirical attachment efficiency.
Introduce a new paradigm for colloid re‐entrainment behavior.
Model parameters related to magnitude of secondary energy minimum
Temporal variability of exchange between groundwater and surface water based on high‐frequency direct measurements of seepage at the sediment‐water interface
Authors: Rosenberry Donald O. , Sheibley Richard W. , Cox Stephen E. , Simonds Frederic W. , Naftz David L. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Flow across the sediment‐water interface exhibits large temporal variability
Seepage varies in response to rainfall, ET, wind, and stage change
Seepage changes markedly within minutes to hours of common hydrological events
Impact of new screening technologies: should we screen and does phenotype influence this decision?
Authors: Bonham James Robert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe early detection offered by newborn screening for phenylketonuria clearly demonstrates the benefits for patients with inherited metabolic disorders of well organised screening programmes. It is therefore perhaps surprising that 20 years after the introduction of electrospray MS/MS methods to support expanded newborn screening that considerable international variation in practice, not linked to economic factors, exists. It is likely that the commonly used criteria to assess the suitability of a disorder for screening need to be re‐appraised as they apply to rare disorders. In addition, national differences in the pattern of policy making may influence the strategy adopted and these different approaches need to be scrutinised more closely. Despite this contextual variation a number of real issues do need to be addressed as the range of conditions included in screening programmes continues to increase. These include the need for well organised outcome studies based upon agreed case definitions and comparable treatment regimens; the need for appropriate information for parents to support them before and during the screening odyssey; an improved understanding of the impact of false positive results and in particular a clearer understanding of the way in which some of the problems resulting from false positive results can be avoided or ameliorated; the challenge offered by mild or atypical screen positive cases and the consequent design of proportionate treatment options. A thorough understanding of the genetic, biochemical and clinical features of screen positive cases supported by effective international outcome studies is required to optimise both screening and treatment strategies.