bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Weight, Genetic Susceptibility, and Adulthood Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Yanping , Qi Qibin , Workalemahu Tsegaselassie , Hu Frank B. , Qi Lu 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Both stressful intrauterine milieus and genetic susceptibility have been linked to later-life diabetes risk. The current study aims to examine the interaction between low birth weight, a surrogate measure of stressful intrauterine milieus, and genetic susceptibility in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The analysis included two independent, nested case-control studies of 2,591 type 2 diabetic case subjects and 3,052 healthy control subjects. We developed two genotype scores: an obesity genotype score based on 32 BMI-predisposing variants and a diabetes genotype score based on 35 diabetes-predisposing variants.

RESULTS
Obesity genotype scores showed a stronger association with type 2 diabetes risk in individuals with low birth weight. In low–birth weight individuals, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.55 (95% CI 1.34–4.84) by comparing extreme quartiles of the obesity genotype score, while the OR was 1.27 (1.04–1.55) among individuals with birth weight &gt;2.5 kg (P for interaction = 0.017). We did not observe significant interaction between diabetes genotype scores and birth weight with regard to risk of type 2 diabetes. In a comparison of extreme quartiles of the diabetes gene score, the multivariable-adjusted OR was 3.80 (1.76–8.24) among individuals with low birth weight and 2.27 (1.82–2.83) among those with high birth weight (P for interaction = 0.16).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that low birth weight and genetic susceptibility to obesity may synergistically affect adulthood risk of type 2 diabetes.
Alterations in Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Processes After Bariatric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Anderwald Christian-Heinz , Tura Andrea , Promintzer-Schifferl Miriam , Prager Gerhard , Stadler Marietta , Ludvik Bernhard , Esterbauer Harald , Bischof Martin Georg , Luger Anton , Pacini Giovanni , Krebs Michael 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Obesity leads to severe long-term complications and reduced life expectancy. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery induces excessive and continuous weight loss in (morbid) obesity, although it causes several abnormal anatomical and physiological conditions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
To distinctively unveil effects of RYGB surgery on β-cell function and glucose turnover in skeletal muscle, liver, and gut, nondiabetic, morbidly obese patients were studied before (pre-OP, five female/one male, BMI: 49 ± 3 kg/m2, 43 ± 2 years of age) and 7 ± 1 months after (post-OP, BMI: 37 ± 3 kg/m2) RYGB surgery, compared with matching obese (CONob, five female/one male, BMI: 34 ± 1 kg/m2, 48 ± 3 years of age) and lean controls (CONlean, five female/one male, BMI: 22 ± 0 kg/m2, 42 ± 2 years of age). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp tests, and mechanistic mathematical modeling allowed determination of whole-body insulin sensitivity (M/I), OGTT and clamp test β-cell function, and gastrointestinal glucose absorption.

RESULTS
Post-OP lost (P &lt; 0.0001) 35 ± 3 kg body weight. M/I increased after RYGB, becoming comparable to CONob, but remaining markedly lower than CONlean (P &lt; 0.05). M/I tightly correlated (τ = −0.611, P &lt; 0.0001) with fat mass. During OGTT, post-OP showed ≥15% reduced plasma glucose from 120 to 180 min (≤4.5 mmol/L), and 29-fold elevated active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) dynamic areas under the curve, which tightly correlated (r = 0.837, P &lt; 0.001) with 84% increased β-cell secretion. Insulinogenic index (0–30 min) in post-OP was ≥29% greater (P &lt; 0.04). At fasting, post-OP showed approximately halved insulin secretion (P &lt; 0.05 vs. pre-OP). Insulin-stimulated insulin secretion in post-OP was 52% higher than before surgery, but 1–2 pmol/min2 lower than in CONob/CONlean (P &lt; 0.05). Gastrointestinal glucose absorption was comparable in pre-OP and post-OP, but 9–26% lower from 40 to 90 min in post-OP than in CONob/CONlean (P &lt; 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
RYGB surgery leads to decreased plasma glucose concentrations in the third OGTT hour and exaggerated β-cell function, for which increased GLP-1 release seems responsible, whereas gastrointestinal glucose absorption remains unchanged but lower than in matching controls.
Transthyretin Predicts Cardiovascular Outcome in Hemodialysis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Henze Andrea , Espe Katharina M. , Wanner Christoph , Krane Vera , Raila Jens , Hocher Berthold , Schweigert Florian J. , Drechsler Christiane 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
BMI and albumin are commonly accepted parameters to recognize wasting in dialysis patients and are powerful predictors of morbidity and mortality. However, both parameters reveal limitations and may not cover the entire range of patients with wasting. The visceral protein transthyretin (TTR) may be helpful in overcoming the diagnostic and prognostic gap. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association of TTR with morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The TTR concentration was determined in plasma samples of 1,177 hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. Cox regression analyses were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of cardiovascular end points (CVEs) and mortality according to quartiles of TTR concentration for the total study cohort and the subgroups BMI ≥23 kg/m2, albumin concentration ≥3.8 g/dL, and a combination of both.

RESULTS
A low TTR concentration was associated with an increased risk for CVE for the total study cohort (HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.27–2.14]), patients with BMI ≥23 kg/m2 (1.70 [1.22–2.37]), albumin ≥3.8 g/dL (1.68 [1.17–2.42]), and the combination of both (1.69 [1.13–2.53]). Additionally, a low TTR concentration predicted mortality for the total study cohort (1.79 [1.43–2.24]) and patients with BMI ≥23 kg/m2 (1.46 [1.09–1.95]).

CONCLUSIONS
The current study demonstrated that TTR is a useful predictor for cardiovascular outcome and mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. TTR was particularly useful in patients who were not identified to be at risk by BMI or albumin status.
Serum Cathepsin S Is Associated With Decreased Insulin Sensitivity and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in a Community-Based Cohort of Elderly Men
Authors: Jobs Elisabeth , Risérus Ulf , Ingelsson Erik , Sundström Johan , Jobs Magnus , Nerpin Elisabet , Iggman David , Basu Samar , Larsson Anders , Lind Lars , Ärnlöv Johan 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
To investigate associations between serum cathepsin S, impaired insulin sensitivity, defective insulin secretion, and diabetes risk in a community-based sample of elderly men without diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Serum cathepsin S, insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), and insulin secretion (early insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test) were measured in 905 participants of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (mean age, 71 years). Thirty participants developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up.

RESULTS
After adjustment for age, anthropometric variables, and inflammatory markers, higher cathepsin S was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (regression coefficient per SD increase −0.09 [95% CI −0.14 to −0.04], P = 0.001), but no association with early insulin response was found. Moreover, higher cathepsin S was associated with a higher risk for developing diabetes (odds ratio per SD increase 1.48 [1.08–2.01], P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Cathepsin S activity appears to be involved in the early dysregulation of glucose and insulin metabolism.
The Use of Metformin and the Incidence of Lung Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Smiechowski Brielan B. , Azoulay Laurent , Yin Hui , Pollak Michael N. , Suissa Samy 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Observational studies have associated metformin use with a decreased risk of lung cancer incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the studies had important methodological shortcomings. The objective of this study was to determine whether metformin use is associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes, while avoiding previous biases.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using the U.K. General Practice Research Database, we assembled a cohort of patients newly treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) between 1988 and 2009. A nested case–control analysis was conducted, where case subjects with lung cancer occurring during follow-up were matched with up to 10 control subjects for age, sex, calendar time, and duration of follow-up. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted rate ratios of lung cancer associated with ever use of metformin, along with measures of duration and cumulative dose. Models were adjusted for potential confounders, which included smoking.

RESULTS
The cohort included 115,923 new users of OHAs, with 1,061 patients diagnosed with lung cancer during follow-up (rate 2.0/1,000 person-years). Metformin use was not associated with a decreased rate of lung cancer (rate ratio 0.94 [95% CI 0.76–1.17]). No dose-response was observed by number of prescriptions received, cumulative duration of use, and dose.

CONCLUSIONS
Metformin use is not associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. The decreased risk reported in other observational studies is likely due to bias from methodological shortcomings. Nonetheless, greater consideration should be given to clarify inconsistencies between experimental models and population studies.
β- and α-Cell Dysfunctions in Africans With Ketosis-Prone Atypical Diabetes During Near-Normoglycemic Remission
Authors: Choukem Siméon-Pierre , Sobngwi Eugene , Boudou Philippe , Fetita Lila-Sabrina , Porcher Raphael , Ibrahim Fidaa , Blondeau Bertrand , Vexiau Patrick , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck , Calvo Fabien , Gautier Jean-François 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Ketosis-prone atypical diabetes (KPD) is a subtype of diabetes in which the pathophysiology is yet to be unraveled. The aim of this study was to characterize β- and α-cell functions in Africans with KPD during remission.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We characterized β- and α-cell functions in Africans with KPD during remission. The cohort comprised 15 sub-Saharan Africans who had been insulin-free for a median of 6 months. Patients in remission were in good glycemic control (near-normoglycemic) and compared with 15 nondiabetic control subjects matched for age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI. Plasma insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon concentrations were measured in response to oral and intravenous glucose and to combined intravenous arginine and glucose. Early insulin secretion was measured during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin secretion rate and glucagon were assessed in response to intravenous glucose ramping.

RESULTS
Early insulin secretion and maximal insulin secretion rate were lower in patients compared with control participants. In response to combined arginine and glucose stimulation, maximal insulin response was reduced. Glucagon suppression was also decreased in response to oral and intravenous glucose but not in response to arginine and insulin.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with KPD in protracted near-normoglycemic remission have impaired insulin response to oral and intravenous glucose and to arginine, as well as impaired glucagon suppression. Our results suggest that β- and α-cell dysfunctions both contribute to the pathophysiology of KPD.
The influence of 8-prenylnaringenin on the activity of voltage-gated kv1.3 potassium channels in human jurkat t cells
Authors: Gąsiorowska Justyna , Teisseyre Andrzej , Uryga Anna , Michalak Krystyna 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUsing the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we investigated the influence of 8-prenylnaringenin on the activity of the voltage-gated Kv1.3 potassium channels in the human leukemic T lymphocyte cell line Jurkat. 8-prenylnaringenin is a potent plant-derived phytoestrogen that has been found to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The results show that it inhibited the Kv1.3 channels in a concentration-dependent manner. Complete inhibition occurred at concentrations higher than 10 μM. The inhibitory effect of 8-prenylnaringenin was reversible. It was accompanied by a significant acceleration of channel inactivation without any pronounced change in the activation rate. Of the naringenin derivatives tested to date, 8-prenylnaringenin is the most potent inhibitor of the Kv1.3 channels. The potency of the inhibition may be due to the presence of a prenyl group in the molecule of this flavonoid. The inhibition of the Kv1.3 channels might be involved in the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of 8-prenylnaringenin that have been observed in cancer cell lines expressing these channels.
Lingual Thyroid: A rare case report
Authors: Bhadoria S , Lavania A , Saxena R 
Published: August 2012

Lingual Thyroid is rare developmental anomaly usually affecting females it is usually located in midline, in base of the tongue and represent the faulty migration of thyroid gland although the exact pathogenesis of this ectopic accessory thyroid tissue is not known it generally originates from the epithelial tissue of non obliterated thyroglossal ductus in this report a case of lingual thyroid in a 28 year old patient with difficulty in swallowing and foreign body sensation complaints for 3 years is presented ultrasound showed absent Thyroid in Neck. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i3.6708 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2011, Vol-7, No-3, 39-42
Microsatellite markers for population studies of Phytophthora megakarya (Pythiaceae), a cacao pathogen in Africa
Authors: Mfegue C. V. , Herail C. , Adreit H. , Mbenoun M. , Techou Z. , Ten Hoopen M. , Tharreau D. , Ducamp M. 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Phytophthora megakarya is the agent of black pod disease of cacao and is the main pathogen of this crop in Africa. Population genetic studies are required to investigate how this pathogen emerged. To this end, we developed 12 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for P. megakarya.• Methods and Results: Microsatellite sequences were obtained by pyrosequencing of multiplex‐enriched libraries. Candidate loci with di‐ or trinucleotide motifs were selected, and primer pairs were tested with nine P. megakarya isolates. The 12 most polymorphic and unambiguous loci were selected to develop three multiplex PCR pools. The total number of alleles varied from two to nine, depending on loci, and higher than expected heterozygosity was observed.• Conclusions: These markers were used for population genetic studies of P. megakarya in Cameroon and for comparison with reference strains from West Africa. This is the first time that microsatellite markers have been developed for P. megakarya.
Interview de Maurice Berger. La violence extrême chez les enfants, une pathologie à questionner
Authors: Frisch-Desmarez Christine 
Published: August 2012

Résumé Dans cet entretien, Maurice Berger développe certains aspects de son dernier livre « Soigner les enfants violents ». À partir de recherches qu’il mène dans son service spécialisé dans la prise en charge des enfants et préadolescents de plus en plus nombreux qui présentent un comportement extrêmement violent, il montre que cette pathologie grave a des origines multifactorielles et qu’elle s’inscrit dans une histoire personnelle et transgénérationnelle de négligence et de violence. Les processus psychiques présents derrière ce symptôme sont complexes. L’auteur propose une description précise des dispositifs thérapeutiques qui allient contenances institutionnelle, corporelle et pédagogique, couplées à un dispositif d’écoute intensif.
Dé-nommer, renommer le territoire. Le cas de Damgan, dans le Morbihan
Authors: Laligant Sophie 
Published: August 2012

Résumé Comment les systèmes de valeurs sous-jacents aux noms de lieux et de personnes se cristallisent-ils ? Et en quoi la transformation des toponymes et anthroponymes traduit-elle les contrastes entre population locale et nouveaux arrivants, consécutifs aux reconfigurations des espaces liées au remembrement, au plan d’occupation des sols ( pos ) et au plan local d’urbanisme ( plu ) ? Nous étudierons ces questions à partir d’une longue enquête ethnographique conduite à Damgan, dans le Morbihan.
S'engager dans l'image. Migrants ouest-africains et journalistes français dans les années 1960
Authors: Dedieu Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2012

Résumé Se fondant sur la lecture d’archives visuelles et d’entretiens conduits auprès de journalistes, cet article questionne les conflits de représentation entre journalistes et migrants africains dans les années 1960. Il souligne les « dilemmes pratiques » rencontrés par un groupe socialement dominé ne souhaitant pas médiatiser ses conditions de vie et de logement pour ne pas être stigmatisé et réprimé. Cette étude de cas témoigne plus largement de la difficulté des migrants à faire respecter leur « droit à l’image » et à imposer une représentation visuelle valorisante de leur groupe.
L'imagerie cérébrale à l'épreuve de la psychanalyse
Authors: Potier Rémy 
Published: August 2012

L’article propose d’interroger, à partir de la psychanalyse, quelques interactions possibles avec les neurosciences. Il s’agit de spécifier la particularité de l’investigation psychanalytique de la technique, notamment de l’imagerie cérébrale, pour en questionner les présupposés. Ce que révèle la prise en compte de toutes les dimension du dispositif, c’est qu’une méthodologie interdisciplinaire permet de circonscrire les limites de ce qui est observé. L’hypothèse du « nouvel inconscient » telle que la développe Lionel Naccache est discutée à cette occasion et mise à l’épreuve de ce qu’enseigne la clinique. L’argumentation de cet article propose l’idée que le dialogue entre psychanalyse et neurosciences apparaît particulièrement fécond si la délimitation des champs et des méthodes se cherche et se précise, sans ambiguïté.
Le tracé et le profane
Authors: Bialès Pierre , Goddet Sybille 
Published: August 2012

À partir d’une clinique du secourisme associatif dans son rapport au médical, et en particulier à ce dispositif d’images médicales qu’est scope (avec l’électrocardiogramme), se déploie la problématique de la confrontation du sujet face à une image énigmatique. Le tracé sur l’écran ne peut-il s’envisager comme métaphore de la vie et de la mort ? Là où l’indicible peut plonger le profane dans une violence du voir, la parole médicale s’institue dès lors comme une potentialité de re-symbolisation. L’urgence des interventions de premiers secours, en sa temporalité si spécifique, interroge une certaine éthique du regard.
La morgue : voir l'irreprésentable
Authors: Laufer Laurie 
Published: August 2012

Le verbe « morguer » signifie « regarder avec hauteur ». La Morgue a été l’un des monuments parisiens les plus visités du siècle. À partir de l’enseignement freudien sur les « théories sexuelles infantiles », on peut penser que l’enfant vient là pour se former une théorie sexuelle : voir, c’est comprendre. Le corps dans sa nudité et sa crudité est à portée de regard. La pulsion scopique qui pousse un très large public à « venir voir » participe d’une articulation entre la violence, le sexe et la mort. Le scandale qu’a suscité cette institution est à la hauteur de ce qu’elle montre : scandale du corps écorché, nu, morcelé, devant lequel le regard se fait « exercice de cruauté ». Scandale d’une monstration dans laquelle la nudité intrique de façon innommable l’horreur et la fascination.
Le corps, « char de l'âme » ?
Authors: Synodinou Claire 
Published: August 2012

La relation corps-âme comporte l’idée d’un cheminement de concert. La formule, corps « char de l’âme », peut être représentative d’une partie de la théorie freudienne. Freud considère, quant aux pulsions, que les stimulations internes parviennent les premières à l’âme, et non que, seule, l’âme mène le corps. Il évitait le cloisonnement et, face à la dualité ou la non-dualité, il propose le travail psychique à plusieurs niveaux, privilégiant l’alternance du psychique et du corporel. Dans cet article, à travers des exemples, nous assistons à la défaite du corps chez le patient somatique et psychotique qui est conduit d’une certaine façon à sa séparation de l’âme. Le patient se trouve face à la vérité existentielle, comme si l’énergie se concentrait au point d’être palpable.
Antiphon : devin, sophiste, cuisinier de paroles
Authors: Kouki Elisabeth 
Published: August 2012

« Chez tous les hommes, en effet, la pensée gouverne le corps pour la santé et la maladie et pour tout le reste », disait Antiphon qui, selon les doxographes, pouvait « soigner en recourant au langage ceux qui étaient dans l’affliction ». Cet art d’ôter le chagrin qu’il exerça pendant quelque temps à Corinthe, son activité rhétorique (judiciaire) à laquelle il s’est totalement consacré par la suite, sa conception de la divination (et par extension l’onirocrisie) sont directement liés à sa réflexion philosophique qui paraissait radicale à son époque. Leur axe commun – la structure de l’interprétation, la fluidité/flexibilité du langage et son caractère performatif lorsqu’il est énoncé au moment opportun – s’inscrit dans une problématique qui fait apparaître des affinités entre Sophistique et Psychanalyse.
The making of the sexed body
Authors: Laufer Laurie 
Published: August 2012

En quoi la question de la sexualité est-elle importante dans la construction identitaire ? En quoi l’image du corps peut-elle déterminer la construction d’une identité sexuelle ? La fabrique d’un corps échappe-t-elle aux représentations de son temps ? Depuis le XVIIème siècle, la sexualité et les pratiques sexuelles sont l’objet et l’enjeu d’un discours scientifique qui détermine l’identité d’un sujet. Dans ses travaux, Michel Foucault étudie le discours sur le sexe qui établit historiquement le lien entre la sexualité, la subjectivité et l’obligation de vérité, une triade qu’il verse au compte de la psychanalyse comme héritière de cette scientia sexualis qui cherche la vérité au fond du sexe. La psychanalyse a-t-elle perdu le tranchant subversif de son geste qui invente la sexualité infantile polymorphe ?
The “uncanny” and the queer experience
Authors: Bourseul Vincent 
Published: August 2012

L'insulte queer désigne celui ou celle dont l'identité sexuelle est vécue comme étrange par un autre. L'étrangeté rencontrée favorise le surgissement de l'inquiétant et de l'angoisse liée. Ainsi « l'expérience queer » peut se lire avec l'inquiétant développé par Sigmund Freud comme le signe du retour d'un conflit psychique anciennement traité, dont le renouvellement dans le présent fait vaciller les solutions, les traitements, les théories infantiles, institués pour défendre le moi contre un conflit historique, par exemple celui lié à la différence sexuelle.
Natural law and “heteronormativity”
Authors: Pechriggl Alice 
Published: August 2012

Le présent texte est une critique des supposés naturalistes du droit qu’on peut trouver dans les discours anthropologiques et psychanalytiques et de leurs implications homophobes. Ceci s’est manifesté notamment lors des processus de législation concernant les couples gays et lesbiens. De l’autre côté il faut aussi voir les enracinements d’un concept vague et passe-partout d’hétéronormativité dans cette même tradition « jusnaturaliste ». Enfin il s’agira de montrer en quoi la psychanalyse de groupe, par la triangulation liée au groupe thérapeutique, pourrait contribuer à rompre les supposés, voire les dogmes essentialistes et discriminants concernant la sexualité que diffusent les institutions classiques de psychanalyse.