bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Primary School’s Sound Space Organization
Authors: Лаптева  , Lapteva V. 
Published: May 2015

Questions related to organization of sound space as essential party of modern primary school’s developmental environment are offered for
discussion in this paper. The important role of music in educational and cognitive process is justified. Features related to teachers’ training and
professional development in Kursk State University and Kursk Education Development Institute and allowing provide teachers’ competence at
the expedient organization of junior schoolchildren training’s sound environment are revealed.
Procesos Escolares y Eficiencia Interna: ¿Cual es la Relación con el Logro Académico en la Educación Media Superior Mexicana?
Authors: Ramirez-Zambrano Ademir Alfredo , Velasco-Arellanes Francisco Justiniano , Vera-Noriega José Ángel 
Published: May 2015

En los países miembros que integran la OCDE, entre ellos México, se considera como importante para el desarrollo económico la mejora de los sistemas educativos. Al respecto, el logro académico se considera un indicador de la eficacia de las políticas educativas. En el presente estudio se realizó un análisis de las bases de datos que tiene la SEP en SIGEEMS para identificar la relación entre los Procesos Escolares y Eficiencia Interna y su relación con el logro escolar en una muestra de 585 escuelas de educación media superior. Se realizó un modelo estandarizado con análisis de senderos por Máxima Verosimilitud y se encontró que las escuelas donde se están dando casos de deserción se encuentran menores niveles de logro académico, en el sentido de que una mayor cantidad de alumnos se posicionan en niveles de dominio insuficientes en habilidades lectoras y matemáticas. Por el contrario, si hay poca deserción se predicen niveles de dominio buenos y excelentes en habilidades lectoras y matemáticas. Estos resultados en conjunto indican que, para mejorar el sistema educativo de la educación media superior mexicana, la SEP también se debe atender las condiciones de los alumnos que tienden a desertar o que se mantienen en grupos numerosos.
A secure communication using cascade chaotic computing systems on clinical decision support
Authors: Koksal Ahmet Sertol , Er Orhan , Evirgen Hayrettin , Yumusak Nejat 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClinical decision support systems (C-DSS) provide supportive tools to the expert for the determination of the disease. Today, many of the support systems, which have been developed for a better and more accurate diagnosis, have reached a dynamic structure due to artificial intelligence techniques. However, in cases when important diagnosis studies should be performed in secret, a secure communication system is required. In this study, secure communication of a DSS is examined through a developed double layer chaotic communication system. The developed communication system consists of four main parts: random number generator, cascade chaotic calculation layer, PCM, and logical mixer layers. Thanks to this system, important patient data created by DSS will be conveyed to the center through a secure communication line.
A multichannel bioimpedance monitor for full-body blood flow monitoring
Authors: Vondra Vlastimil , Jurak Pavel , Viscor Ivo , Halamek Josef , Leinveber Pavel , Matejkova Magdalena , Soukup Ladislav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The design, properties, and possible diagnostic contribution of a multichannel bioimpedance monitor (MBM) with three independent current sources are presented in this paper. The simultaneous measurement of bioimpedance at 18 locations (the main part of the body, legs, arms, and neck) provides completely new information, on the basis of which more precise haemodynamic parameters can be obtained. The application of the MBM during various haemodynamic stages, such as resting in a supine position, tilting, exercise stress, and various respiration manoeuvres, is demonstrated. Statistical analysis on a group of 34 healthy volunteers is presented for demonstration of blood flow monitoring by using the proposed method.
Measurement of susceptibility artifacts with histogram-based reference value on magnetic resonance images according to standard ASTM F2119
Authors: Heinrich Andreas , Teichgräber Ulf K. , Güttler Felix V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe standard ASTM F2119 describes a test method for measuring the size of a susceptibility artifact based on the example of a passive implant. A pixel in an image is considered to be a part of an image artifact if the intensity is changed by at least 30% in the presence of a test object, compared to a reference image in which the test object is absent (reference value). The aim of this paper is to simplify and accelerate the test method using a histogram-based reference value.Four test objects were scanned parallel and perpendicular to the main magnetic field, and the largest susceptibility artifacts were measured using two methods of reference value determination (reference image-based and histogram-based reference value). The results between both methods were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test.The difference between both reference values was 42.35±23.66. The difference of artifact size was 0.64±0.69 mm. The artifact sizes of both methods did not show significant differences; the p-value of the Mann-Whitney U-test was between 0.710 and 0.521.A standard-conform method for a rapid, objective, and reproducible evaluation of susceptibility artifacts could be implemented. The result of the histogram-based method does not significantly differ from the ASTM-conform method.
Functional A Posteriori Error Estimates for Parabolic Time-Periodic Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Langer Ulrich , Repin Sergey , Wolfmayr Monika 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper is concerned with
parabolic time-periodic boundary value problems which
are of theoretical interest and arise in different practical
applications. The multiharmonic finite element method is
well adapted to this class of parabolic problems.
We study properties of multiharmonic approximations and derive
guaranteed and fully computable bounds of approximation errors.
For this purpose, we use the functional a posteriori error estimation
techniques earlier introduced by S. Repin.
Numerical tests confirm the efficiency of the
a posteriori error bounds derived.
Numerical Methods of Karhunen–Loève Expansion for Spatial Data
Authors: Hu Juan , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
With the development of technology,
a large amount of spatial data are usually observed in many applications. These massive spatial data impose a challenge to the traditional spatial data analysis primarily because of the large covariance matrix. One way to overcome the computation burden is to utilize a low rank model. The optimal low rank model is provided by the Karhunen–Loève (KL) expansion of the spatial process. However, the inference and prediction of the spatial data require an efficient algorithm for the KL expansion.
In this paper, we compare four algorithms that have been proposed to numerically obtain the KL expansion. It is found that the Gaussian quadrature method outperforms the others for spatial processes.
Influence of hot-water extraction on ultrastructure and distribution of glucomannans and xylans in poplar xylem as detected by gold immunolabeling
Authors: Blumentritt Melanie , Gardner Douglas J. , Cole Barbara J.W. , Shaler Stephen M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPre-extraction of hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic feedstock has been a research focus during the last decade within the context of lignocellulosic biorefineries. In this study, the effect of hot-water extraction (HWE) on the topochemistry and ultrastructure of poplar wood (Populus sp.) was investigated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) paired with immunogold labeling of the hemicelluloses. The cell walls of HWE wood (HWEW) differ significantly in their ultrastructure from neat wood, i.e., there are many distorted cells and agglomerations of lignin and extractives agglomerations in the cell lumina. Results of immunogold labeling indicate that different types of hemicelluloses are extracted at different stages and both their concentration and distribution within the wood cell wall layers are affected by the HWE. Hemicelluloses more closely associated with lignin appear to be more easily removed by HWE. Lignins are also extracted partially and altered. Results provide a holistic view of chemical and ultrastructural changes including the associated changes in hemicelluloses and lignin distribution in HWEW. The obtained data could be helpful to understand better the mechanical properties and adhesion related issues of HWEW for wood composite production.
The Stress Relaxation Of Modified Bitumens
Authors: Coufalík Pavel , Dašek Ondřej , Kachtík Jiří , Kudrna Jan , Stoklásek Svatopluk 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Asphalt pavements in Central and Eastern Europe have to be resistant to high and very low temperatures and climatic changes. Especially emphasize influence of low temperatures seems to be critical parameter. That is why the modified bitumens with low temperature susceptibility and with high resistance to low temperature cracking are searched for. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) can be used as a quick method that can evaluate the modification system of bituminous binders. The advantage of DSR testing is also related to possibility of comparison of unaged and aged bitumen.
The relaxations of shear stress of several asphalt rubber binders (containing 11 %, 13 %, 15 % and 17 % of crumb rubber) and paving bitumen were determined in DSR at the temperature of 0 °C and −10 °C. Relaxation tests were performed in the controlled strain regime. Total shear strain (rotation of upper geometry) was set to 1 % of the sample thickness and stress was applied for 60 s. Relaxation time was set to a period of 15 minutes. The shear stress relaxation behaviour of unaged bitumens and bitumens aged after 75 minutes and 225 minutes in Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) is presented and discussed.
Quantum finite time availability for parametric oscillators
Authors: Hoffmann Karl Heinz , Schmidt Kim , Salamon Peter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The availability of a thermodynamic system out of equilibrium with its environment
describes its ability to perform work in a reversible process
which brings it to equilibrium with this environment.
Processes in finite time can usually not be performed reversibly thus leading to unavoidable losses.
In order to account for these losses the concept of finite time availability was introduced.
We here add a new feature through the introduction of quantum finite time availability
for an ensemble of parametric oscillators. For such systems there exists a certain critical time,
the FEAT time.
Quantum finite time availability quantifies the available work from
processes which are shorter than the FEAT time of the oscillator ensemble.
Von den Schützengräben zur NSDAP. Kriegskultur und Politisierung der nationalsozialistischen Reichstagsabgeordneten
Authors: Patin Nicolas 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
What was the main reason for German people to join the Nazi Party? In the historical literature, the First World War has been often depicted as a major explanation: the conflict is supposed to have created a »war culture« that would have led to the political mobilization of many Nazis. An analysis of the national-socialist members of the Reichstag between 1919 and 1933 does not contradict this hypothesis. Indeed, 80 percent of NSDAP MP‘s were war veterans. Nevertheless, in other parties too, an enormous proportion of delegates were veterans. Actually other particularities can be identified among Nazi members of the Parliament. The combination of these factors with the war experience can provide a more thorough and realistic picture. Therefore the NSDAP had not the monopoly on war experience, but the one on youth and war experience. The Nazi MP‘s were ten years younger than the other fractions of the Parliament. Moreover, a higher part of them were career soldiers, and soldiers‘ sons. They were also more attached to the countryside, by birth, profession, their fathers‘ professions or the subjects they decided to study. All these criteria lead to question the usual excessive focus on war experience. The Nazi political commitment was much more complex.
Effects of initial crystallization process on piezoelectricity of PVDF-HFP films
Authors: Hu Bin , Hu Ning , Wu Liangke , Liu Feng , Liu Yaolu , Ning Huiming , Atobe Satoshi , Fukunaga Hisao 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The effects of some important factors in the initial crystallization process of the solution casting method on the piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) films were extensively explored. The experimental results revealed that there is an optimal initial crystallization temperature at around 90°C. The slow cooling speed can moderately enhance the degree of crystallinity. The most important finding was that a bilayer crystalline structure caused by an asymmetrical heating pattern can enhance the formation of packed micro-fibrillar morphologies after drawing. These three points can increase the piezoelectricity of the PVDF-HFP films, indicating the increase of the extended-chain crystals (β-phase).
Observations of surface-mediated reduction of Pu(VI) to Pu(IV) on hematite nanoparticles by ATR FT-IR
Authors: Emerson Hilary P. , Powell Brian A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mineral surfaces may facilitate the reduction of plutonium though the mechanisms of the reduction are
still unknown. The objective of this study is to use batch sorption and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy experiments to observe the surface-mediated reduction of plutonium on hematite nanoparticles. These techniques allow for
in situ measurement of reduction of plutonium with time and may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of surface mediated
reduction of plutonium. For the first time, ATR FT-IR peaks for Pu(VI) sorbed to hematite are measured at ∼ 916 cm
–1, respectively. The decrease in peak intensity with time provides a real-time, direct measurement of Pu(VI)
reduction on the hematite surface. In this work pseudo first order rate constants estimated at the high loadings
(22 mgPu/ghematite, 1.34 · 10
–6 MPu/m2) for ATR FT-IR are approximately 10 × slower
than at trace concentrations based on previous work. It is proposed that the reduced rate constant at higher Pu loadings occurs after
the reduction capacity due to trace Fe(II) has been exhausted and is dependent on the oxidation of water and possibly electron
shuttling based on the semiconducting nature of hematite. Therefore, the reduction rate at higher loadings is possibly due to the
thermodynamic favorability of Pu(IV)-hydroxide complexes.
Ground-state and isomeric-state cross sections for the 138Ce(n,2n)137Ce reaction from its threshold to 20 MeV
Authors: Luo Junhua , An Li , Jiang Li 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The cross sections of the 138Ce(n, 2n)137m,gCe reactions and their isomeric cross section ratios
σ
m/σ
g were measured at three neutron energies between 13.5 and 14.8 MeV using
the activation technique. CeO2 samples and Nb monitor foils were activated together to determine the reaction cross section
and the incident neutron flux. The monoenergetic neutron beams were formed via the 3H(d, n)4He reaction. The
activities induced in the reaction products were measured using high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. The pure cross section of
the ground-state was derived from the absolute cross section of the metastable state and the residual nuclear decay analysis. The cross
sections were also estimated using the nuclear model code, TALYS-1.6 with different level density options at neutron energies varying
from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. Results are discussed and compared with the corresponding literature data.
Development of banana-based weaning food mixes for infants and its nutritional quality evaluation
Authors: Chitra Pothiraj 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBanana-based weaning food mixes were developed from the Nendran variety to study the nutritional quality of the mixes and feasibility of marketing on a commercial scale. Chemical composition viz., moisture, acid, pH, reducing and total sugars, protein and β-carotene of the developed banana-based weaning mixes were analysed. The trypsin inhibitor activity reduced during cooking, and the flatus compound could not be measured due to its very meagre gas production. The α-amylase activity and in vitro protein and carbohydrate digestibilities were also analysed. A feeding trial of the developed mixes was conducted in infants as a supplement to study the nutritional quality of the developed banana-based weaning food mixes. Results showed an increase in all the anthropometric measurements during the feeding period, and the developed mixes can be prepared on a commercial scale to prevent malnutrition and undernutrition during the rapid growing period of infants.
Temporal phases of long-term potentiation (LTP): myth or fact?
Authors: Abbas Abdul-Karim , Villers Agnès , Ris Laurence 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLong-term potentiation (LTP) remains the most widely accepted model for learning and memory. In accordance with this belief, the temporal differentiation of LTP into early and late phases is accepted as reflecting the differentiation of short-term and long-term memory. Moreover, during the past 30 years, protein synthesis inhibitors have been used to separate the early, protein synthesis-independent (E-LTP) phase and the late, protein synthesis-dependent (L-LTP) phase. However, the role of these proteins has not been formally identified. Additionally, several reports failed to show an effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on LTP. In this review, a detailed analysis of extensive behavioral and electrophysiological data reveals that the presumed correspondence of LTP temporal phases to memory phases is neither experimentally nor theoretically consistent. Moreover, an overview of the time courses of E-LTP in hippocampal slices reveals a wide variability ranging from <1 h to more than 5 h. The existence of all these conflictual findings should lead to a new vision of LTP. We believe that the E-LTP vs. L-LTP distinction, established with protein synthesis inhibitor studies, reflects a false dichotomy. We suggest that the duration of LTP and its dependency on protein synthesis are related to the availability of a set of proteins at synapses and not to thede novosynthesis of plasticity-related proteins. This availability is determined by protein turnover kinetics, which is regulated by previous and ongoing electrical activities and by energy store availability.
Third-Party Punishment under Judicial Review: An Economic Experiment on the Effects of a Two-Tier Punishment System
Authors: Lewisch Peter , Ottone Stefania , Ponzano Ferruccio 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper analyses, by means of an economic experiment, the impact of a vertical review on third-party punishment. Whereas the existing empirical literature has studied, under many different aspects, third-party costly punishment as such, it has not addressed the impact of a second “instance” (competent to overrule punishment decisions by the first punisher) on the incidence and amount of such first-instance punishment and the underlying unwanted behaviour (“stealing”). In this paper, we apply experimental methodology that allows us to construct in the lab the counterfactual context for a direct institutional comparison that we cannot find in real life. In particular, we examine first of all whether and how the presence of a second “vertical” punishment layer (i.e. of a “second instance”) affects the amount of punishment imposed in the first instance. Secondly, we check whether the presence of a second level of punishment has a deterrent effect on the underlying (undesired) behaviour. Finally, we examine the level of satisfaction of the victims in all scenarios. In our experiments, we find that the introduction of a second (vertical) tier of punishment increases (i) the level of punishment provided for in the first instance, (ii) deterrence with regard to the underlying behaviour (i.e. a reduction in the number of “thefts” being committed), and also (iii) the level of satisfaction for victims. Real-world applications of this study are plentiful, including the organisation of courts and the appeals process as a whole. Our evidence confirms that the presence of an “instance” (a second tier of legal decision making) is, other things equal, likely to generate beneficial effects.
Investigation of Positively Curved Blade in Compressor Cascade Based on Transition Model
Authors: Chen Shaowen , Lan Yunhe , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Songtao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExperiment and numerical simulation of flow transition in a compressor cascade with positively curved blade is carried out in a low speed. In the experimental investigation, the outlet aerodynamic parameters are measured using a five-hole aerodynamic probe, and an ink-trace flow visualization is applied to the cascade surface. The effects of transition flow on the boundary layer development, three-dimensional flow separation and aerodynamic performance are studied. The feasibility of a commercial computational fluid dynamic code is validated and the numerical results show a good agreement with experimental data. The blade-positive curving intensifies the radial force from the endwalls to the mid-span near the suction surface, which leads to the smaller scope of the intermittent region, the lesser extents of turbulence intensity and the shorter radial height of the separation bubble near the endwalls, but has little influence on the flow near the mid-span. The large passage vortex is divided into two smaller shedding vortexes under the impact of the radial pressure gradient due to the positively curved blade. The new concentrated shedding vortex results in an increase in the turbulence intensity and secondary flow loss of the corresponding region.
Lewis Thomas Discusses the Threat of Nuclear War
Authors: Thomas Lewis 
Published: May 2015

This interview with Lewis Thomas took place in January 1984 in his office at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. We invited Dr. Thomas to participate,knowing that, although not a specialist in education, he has written essays and books expressing a profound concern about the nuclear threat and the life of the planet. We very much appreciate his willingness to contribute to this special issue.
As a physician and biologist, Dr. Thomas is perhaps best known for his book, Lives of a Cell. His recently published volume, Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler's Ninth Symphony, contains several essays on the threat to the planet posed by nuclear weapons. His comments here reflect an understanding of education that emphasizes the media's role in providing information. In his view, the media has failed to inform the public about recent research on the biological effects of nuclear war, and he suggests that scientists have a responsibility to assist the media in understanding complex scientific findings. He expresses hope in peoples eventual ability to expand their idea of community so that it transcends national boundaries. In preparing this transcript we took some liberties with the text,rearranging the order of sections to clarify the main themes of the discussion.