bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation and Language Power Relations in Heterolingual Anthologies of Literature
Authors: Lee Tong King 
Published: January 2013

This paper proposes a few models that describe the translational relationship among competing languages in a plurilingual society, using the heterolingual literary anthology as the material context for discussion. It argues that the heterolingual literary anthology is a powerful instrument with which we can gauge the power relations among various languages in a plurilingual society. In the making of such an anthology, translation is a central mechanism through which languages engage one another in symmetric or asymmetric exchanges.
Specifically, translation constructs, moderates and negotiates language power relations by affording or depriving languages and their literatures of certain discursive properties, among which ‘visibility’ and ‘voice’ are prominent. A language is accorded visibility when it appears in an anthology, either as the source or the target language or both; it assumes a voice of its own when it translates other languages, as opposed to being translated by another language.
The translational perspective thus throws light on the ideological constitution of an anthology by revealing the asymmetricities at work, enabling us to hypothesize on the state of language power relations in a plurilingual society, both synchronically and diachronically.
Résumé
Cet article propose quelques modeles qui decrivent la relation traductive entre des langues en concurrence dans une societe multilingue, en utilisant l’anthologie litteraire heterolingue comme contexte de discussion materiel. Il soutient que l’anthologie litteraire heterolingue est un instrument puissant avec lequel nous pouvons mesurer les relations de pouvoir entre differentes langues dans une societe multilingue. En realisant une telle anthologie, la traduction est un mecanisme central par lequel des langues s’engagent dans des echanges symetriques et asymetriques.
En particulier, la traduction construit, modere et negocie les relations de pouvoir linguistiques en donnant a des langues et a leurs litteratures ou en les privant de certaines proprietes discursives, dont les principales sont la ‘visibilite’ et la ‘voix’. Une visibilite est donnee a une langue quand celle-ci apparait dans une anthologie, soit comme langue source, soit comme langue cible, soit les deux ; elle adopte une voix qui lui est propre quand elle traduit d’autres langues, par opposition au fait d’etre traduite dans une autre langue.
Par consequent, la perspective traductive eclaire la constitution ideologique d’une anthologie en revelant les asymetries en jeu, en nous permettant de former des hypotheses sur l’etat des relations de pouvoir linguistiques dans une societe multilingue, de facon tant synchronique que diachronique.
Exploring Cultural Transmission and Translation Strategies in the Perspective of Functionalist Approaches: A case study of the two English versions of Hongloumeng
Authors: Yuefang Wang 
Published: January 2013

This paper attempts to apply the functionalist approaches to a comparative study of the two English versions of Hongloumeng in terms of the translation of culture-specific items. The author tries to explore the important role the translation skopos and translation brief play in the choice of translation strategies and offers some comments on the legitimacy of these strategies employed.
The analysis of the translation of culture-specific items is conducted in the following five subcultures: ecology, material culture, social culture, religious culture and linguistic culture.
Through both a qualitative analysis and quantitative data in which 190 samples covering five cultural categories are collected randomly from the first 80 chapters, the research reveals that the two translators of Hongloumeng employ different strategies in most cases, namely, the Yangs mostly adopt foreignization in order to introduce the Chinese cultural heritage, while Hawkes employs domestication with a purpose of reaching out to the target reader.
Résumé
Cet article cherche a appliquer les approches fonctionnalistes a une etude comparative des deux versions anglaises de Hongloumeng pour ce qui concerne la traduction d’elements specifiques a la culture. L’ auteure cherche a explorer le role important que le skopos et le briefing de la traduction jouent dans le choix des strategies traductionnelles et enonce certains commentaires sur la legitimite de ces strategies utilisees.
L’ analyse de la traduction d’elements specifiques a la culture est menee dans les cinq souscultures suivantes : ecologie, culture materielle, culture sociale, culture religieuse et culture linguistique.
Grace a une analyse qualitative et a des donnees quantitatives dans lesquelles 190 echantillons couvrant cinq categories culturelles sont tires au hasard des 80 premiers chapitres, la recherche revele que les deux traducteurs de Hongloumeng emploient des strategies differentes dans la plupart des cas : les Yang adoptent le plus souvent une etrangeisation pour presenter l’heritage culturel chinois alors que Hawkes a recours a une domestication pour etablir un contact avec le lecteur cible.
Predicting protein β-sheet contacts using a maximum entropy-based correlated mutation measure
Authors: Burkoff Nikolas S. , Várnai Csilla , Wild David L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Motivation: The problem of ab initio protein folding is one of the most difficult in modern computational biology. The prediction of residue contacts within a protein provides a more tractable immediate step. Recently introduced maximum entropy-based correlated mutation measures (CMMs), such as direct information, have been successful in predicting residue contacts. However, most correlated mutation studies focus on proteins that have large good-quality multiple sequence alignments (MSA) because the power of correlated mutation analysis falls as the size of the MSA decreases. However, even with small autogenerated MSAs, maximum entropy-based CMMs contain information. To make use of this information, in this article, we focus not on general residue contacts but contacts between residues in β-sheets. The strong constraints and prior knowledge associated with β-contacts are ideally suited for prediction using a method that incorporates an often noisy CMM.
Results: Using contrastive divergence, a statistical machine learning technique, we have calculated a maximum entropy-based CMM. We have integrated this measure with a new probabilistic model for β-contact prediction, which is used to predict both residue- and strand-level contacts. Using our model on a standard non-redundant dataset, we significantly outperform a 2D recurrent neural network architecture, achieving a 5% improvement in true positives at the 5% false-positive rate at the residue level. At the strand level, our approach is competitive with the state-of-the-art single methods achieving precision of 61.0% and recall of 55.4%, while not requiring residue solvent accessibility as an input.
Availability: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/systemsbiology/research/software/
Contact: D.L.Wild@warwick.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Is age structure a relevant criterion for the health of fish stocks?
Authors: Brunel Thomas , Piet GerJan J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Brunel, T., and Piet, G. J. 2013. Is age structure a relevant criterion for the health of fish stocks? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 270–283. The age and size structure of exploited fish stocks is one of the criteria for Good Environmental Status of commercial fish. However, two underlying assumptions to this criterion remain to be tested: first, that a well-balanced age structure is indeed indicative of a “healthier” stock, and second, that managers can exert a control on the age structure, independently from the regulation of stock abundance. This study investigates these questions using simulations from a population model in which recruitment is based on egg production, which is more sensitive to age structure variations than the traditionally used spawning stock biomass (SSB) and that was parameterized to represent the population dynamics of North Sea cod, plaice, and herring. Our results show that (i) the age structure is highly dependent on the selection pattern, as well as on the level of fishing mortality; (ii) the selection pattern determines the ability of fish stocks to withstand, and recover from, external perturbation; and (iii) the selection pattern determines the output of the fishery providing the management option to balance stable but relatively low yields vs strongly fluctuating high yields. Therefore, we propose to make the selection pattern, for which clear management targets can be set, a policy goal instead of the age structure that is currently in place.
Cow's Milk Allergy, Asthma, and Pediatric IBD
Authors: Virta Lauri J. , Ashorn Merja , Kolho Kaija‐Leena 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe identified a total of 595 Finnish children born in 1994–2008 and diagnosed as having inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by October 2010 from the National Reimbursement Register (based on certificates including the diagnostic criteria) to determine whether the presence of cow's milk allergy (CMA) or asthma is associated with the risk of contracting IBD (altogether 2380 matched controls). A diagnosis of CMA in infancy was associated with Crohn disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.92, confidence interval [CI] 1.09–3.36, P < 0.05) and ulcerative colitis (OR 1.71, CI 1.04–2.83, P < 0.05), but childhood asthma only with Crohn disease (OR 2.33, CI 1.41–3.86, P = 0.001). Thus, CMA in infants is a risk factor for contracting pediatric IBD and accordingly, asthma for Crohn disease.
Acute Psychosis Induced by Bath Salts: A Case Report with Clinical and Forensic Implications
Authors: Stoica Mihaela V. , Felthous Alan R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBath salts are new designer drugs with stimulant effects on the central nervous system. White or brown powder sold online and in mini‐marts under different brand names, bath salts can be used by injecting, snorting, smoking, or ingesting with food or drink. The case of a 30‐year‐old Caucasian male who developed acute psychosis within a few hours of injecting himself with bath salts is described. The patient was hospitalized with a complaint of hearing voices. The drug also induced in the patient a state of euphoria, increased energy level, along with decreased need for sleep and decreased appetite. The psychological effects of the bath salts subsided within a few hours of injection and his reality testing remained consistently intact over the next 3 days of hospitalization. This case brings to attention the fact that bath salts were legal throughout the United States until recently and is still not completely controlled. This report informs clinicians of harmful effects of bath salts, including severe agitation with possible rhabdomyolysis, psychosis, suicidal ideation, hypertension, tachycardia, and death.
Ozone Microbubble Treatment at Various Water Temperatures for the Removal of Residual Pesticides with Negligible Effects on the Physical Properties of Lettuce and Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: Ikeura H. , Kobayashi F. , Tamaki M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, the effects of ozone microbubbles (OMCB) treatment at various water temperatures on the removal of residual fenitrothion (FT) pesticides and on the physical properties of lettuce and cherry tomatoes was examined. The residual FT percentage in lettuce and cherry tomatoes was shown decreased by using higher water temperatures, particularly at 30 °C, resulting in a decrease within the range of 32% to 52%, after the 20‐min treatment. In addition, bubbling OMCB treatment did not alter the color and pulling strength of lettuce and cherry tomatoes. These results indicate that bubbling OMCB treatment at 30 °C is a highly effective method for the removal of FT residues in lettuce and cherry tomatoes, with relatively little effect on crop quality.Practical Application: The bubbling OMCB has a potential of reducing the FT reduces on vegetables with no adverse effect on the sensory quality of vegetables.
Antilisterial Properties of Marinades during Refrigerated Storage and Microwave Oven Reheating against Post‐Cooking Inoculated Chicken Breast Meat
Authors: Fouladkhah Aliyar , Geornaras Ifigenia , Nychas George‐John , Sofos John N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study evaluated growth of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on cooked chicken meat with different marinades and survival of the pathogen as affected by microwave oven reheating. During aerobic storage at 7 °C, on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7, samples were reheated by microwave oven (1100 W) for 45 or 90 s and analyzed microbiologically. L. monocytogenes counts on nonmarinated (control) samples increased (P < 0.05) from 2.7 ± 0.1 (day‐0) to 6.9 ± 0.1 (day‐7) log CFU/g during storage. Initial (day‐0) pathogen counts of marinated samples were <0.5 log CFU/g lower than those of the control, irrespective of marinating treatment. At 7 d of storage, pathogen levels on samples marinated with tomato juice were not different (P ≥ 0.05; 6.9 ± 0.1 log CFU/g) from those of the control, whereas for samples treated with the remaining marinades, pathogen counts were 0.7 (soy sauce) to 2.0 (lemon juice) log CFU/g lower (P < 0.05) than those of the control. Microwave oven reheating reduced L. monocytogenes counts by 1.9 to 4.1 (45 s) and >2.4 to 5.0 (90 s) log CFU/g. With similar trends across different marinates, the high levels of L. monocytogenes survivors found after microwave reheating, especially after storage for more than 2 d, indicate that length of storage and reheating time need to be considered for safe consumption of leftover cooked chicken.
Mechanical, Physical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Gelatin Films Incorporated with Thymol for Potential Use as Nano Wound Dressing
Authors: Kavoosi Gholamreza , Dadfar Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Purfard Amin Mohammadi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the properties of gelatin films incorporated with thymol. Gelatin films were prepared from gelatin solutions (10% w/v) containing thymol (1, 2, 4, and 8% w/w), glycerol (25% w/w) as plasticizer, and glutaraldehyde (2% w/w) as cross‐linker. Cross‐likened films showed higher tensile strength, higher elongation at break, lower Young's modulus, lower water solubility, lower swelling, lower water uptake, and lower water vapor permeability. Incorporation of thymol caused a significant decrease in tensile strength, increase in elongation at break, decrease in Young's modulus, increase in water solubility, decrease in swelling and water uptake, and increase in water vapor permeability slightly. The films incorporated with thymol exhibited excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity of the films containing thymol was greatest against Staphylucoccus aureus followed by Bacillus subtilis followed by Escherichia coli and then by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, gelatin films‐containing thymol can be used as safe and effective source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents with the purpose of evaluating their potential use as modern nano wound dressing.Practical Application: This study clearly demonstrates the potential of gelatin films incorporated with thymol as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial nano film. Such antimicrobial films exhibited excellent mechanical, physical, and water activities and could be used as antibacterial nano wound dressing against wounds burn pathogens.
Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for sevoflurane and xenon at normothermia and hypothermia in newborn pigs
Authors: LIU X. , DINGLEY J. , ELSTAD M. , SCULL‐BROWN E. , STEEN P. A. , THORESEN M. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundNeuroprotection from therapeutic hypothermia increases when combined with the anaesthetic gas xenon in animal studies. A clinical feasibility study of the combined treatment has been successfully undertaken in asphyxiated human term newborns. It is unknown whether xenon alone would be sufficient for sedation during hypothermia eliminating or reducing the need for other sedative or analgesic infusions in ventilated sick infants. Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of xenon is unknown in any neonatal species.MethodsEight newborn pigs were anaesthetised with sevoflurane alone and then sevoflurane plus xenon at two temperatures. Pigs were randomised to start at either 38.5°C or 33.5°C. MAC for sevoflurane was determined using the claw clamp technique at the preset body temperature. For xenon MAC determination, a background of 0.5 MAC sevoflurane was used, and 60% xenon added to the gas mixture. The relationship between sevoflurane and xenon MAC is assumed to be additive.Xenon concentrations were changed in 5% steps until a positive clamp reaction was noted. Pigs' temperature was changed to the second target, and two MAC determinations for sevoflurane and 0.5 MAC sevoflurane plus xenon were repeated.ResultsMAC for sevoflurane was 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.65–4.50] at 38.5°C and 3.05% (CI: 2.63–3.48) at 33.5°C, a significant reduction. MAC for xenon was 120% at 38.5°C and 116% at 33.5°C, not different.ConclusionIn newborn swine sevoflurane, MAC was temperature dependent, while xenon MAC was independent of temperature. There was large individual variability in xenon MAC, from 60% to 120%.
Unscheduled Return Visits to the Emergency Department: Consequences for Triage
Authors: Sauvin Gabrielle , Freund Yonathan , Saïdi Khaled , Riou Bruno , Hausfater Pierre 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to conduct a survey of unscheduled revisits (URs) to the emergency department (ED) within 8 days of a prior visit, to test the hypothesis that patients making these URs are disproportionately likely to suffer short‐term mortality or manifest a need for any admission to the hospital (adverse events [AEs]) at the time of the UR, compared to patients triaged at the same level who did not have an unscheduled ED revisit within 8 days.MethodsThis was a 1‐year retrospective study of patients with an UR to the ED of an urban, 1,600‐bed tertiary care center and teaching hospital. The criteria for inclusion as an UR were: 1) making an emergency visit to our adult ED during 2008, without being admitted to our hospital nor being transferred to another hospital; and 2) subsequently making an UR to the same ED within 8 days following the first one. Patients who were contacted by members of our staff and specifically asked to make return visits to our ED (such as those who returned for wound care follow‐up visits), and those who made more than five visits to our ED during 2008, were excluded. AEs were defined as death or hospitalization within 8 days of the second visit.ResultsDuring 2008, there were 946 patients with URs (2% of patients treated and released after the first ED visit), and 931 were analyzed (n = 15 missing values). Associated with the second visit, an AE was noted for 276 (30%) patients. Eight variables were significantly associated with AE: age ≥ 65 years, previously diagnosed cancer, previously diagnosed cardiac disease, previously diagnosed psychiatric disease, presence of a relative at the time of the UR, arrival with a letter from a general practitioner at the time of the UR, a higher level of severity assigned at triage for the UR than for the first ED visit, and having had blood sample analysis performed during the first visit. The median triage score for the UR was not significantly different from that group's median triage score for the first ED visit, whereas the proportion of admissions to the hospital (29%) or to the intensive care unit (ICU; 2%) was greater overall in the UR group than in the patients making their first ED visit.ConclusionsThe authors observed that 2% of patients had an UR. This UR population was at greater risk of AE at the time of their URs compared to their initial visits, but the median triage nurse score was not significantly different between the first visit and the UR. This suggests that the triage score should be systematically upgraded for UR patients.
Reducing Blood Culture Contamination in the Emergency Department: An Interrupted Time Series Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Self Wesley H. , Speroff Theodore , Grijalva Carlos G. , McNaughton Candace D. , Ashburn Jacki , Liu Dandan , Arbogast Patrick G. , Russ Stephan , Storrow Alan B. , Talbot Thomas R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesBlood culture contamination is a common problem in the emergency department (ED) that leads to unnecessary patient morbidity and health care costs. The study objective was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a quality improvement (QI) intervention for reducing blood culture contamination in an ED.MethodsThe authors developed a QI intervention to reduce blood culture contamination in the ED and then evaluated its effectiveness in a prospective interrupted times series study. The QI intervention involved changing the technique of blood culture specimen collection from the traditional clean procedure to a new sterile procedure, with standardized use of sterile gloves and a new materials kit containing a 2% chlorhexidine skin antisepsis device, a sterile fenestrated drape, a sterile needle, and a procedural checklist. The intervention was implemented in a university‐affiliated ED and its effect on blood culture contamination evaluated by comparing the biweekly percentages of blood cultures contaminated during a 48‐week baseline period (clean technique) and 48‐week intervention period (sterile technique), using segmented regression analysis with adjustment for secular trends and first‐order autocorrelation. The goal was to achieve and maintain a contamination rate below 3%.ResultsDuring the baseline period, 321 of 7,389 (4.3%) cultures were contaminated, compared to 111 of 6,590 (1.7%) during the intervention period (p < 0.001). In the segmented regression model, the intervention was associated with an immediate 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2% to 3.2%) absolute reduction in contamination. The contamination rate was maintained below 3% during each biweekly interval throughout the intervention period.ConclusionsA QI assessment of ED blood culture contamination led to development of a targeted intervention to convert the process of blood culture collection from a clean to a fully sterile procedure. Implementation of this intervention led to an immediate and sustained reduction of contamination in an ED with a high baseline contamination rate.