bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomics of the core and accessory genomes of 48 Sinorhizobiumstrains comprising five genospecies
Authors: Sugawara Masayuki , Epstein Brendan , Badgley Brian D , Unno Tatsuya , Xu Lei , Reese Jennifer , Gyaneshwar Prasad , Denny Roxanne , Mudge Joann , Bharti Arvind K , Farmer Andrew D , May Gregory D , Woodward Jimmy E , Médigue Claudine , Vallenet David , Lajus Aurélie , Rouy Zoé , Martinez-Vaz Betsy , Tiffin Peter , Young Nevin D , Sadowsky Michael J 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Background
The sinorhizobia are amongst the most well studied members of nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria and contribute substantial amounts of fixed nitrogen to the biosphere. While the alfalfa symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti RM 1021 was one of the first rhizobial strains to be completely sequenced, little information is available about the genomes of this large and diverse species group.

Results
Here we report the draft assembly and annotation of 48 strains of Sinorhizobium comprising five genospecies. While S. meliloti and S. medicae are taxonomically related, they displayed different nodulation patterns on diverse Medicago host plants, and have differences in gene content, including those involved in conjugation and organic sulfur utilization. Genes involved in Nod factor and polysaccharide biosynthesis, denitrification and type III, IV, and VI secretion systems also vary within and between species. Symbiotic phenotyping and mutational analyses indicated that some type IV secretion genes are symbiosis-related and involved in nitrogen fixation efficiency. Moreover, there is a correlation between the presence of type IV secretion systems, heme biosynthesis and microaerobic denitrification genes, and symbiotic efficiency.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that each Sinorhizobium strain uses a slightly different strategy to obtain maximum compatibility with a host plant. This large genome data set provides useful information to better understand the functional features of five Sinorhizobium species, especially compatibility in legume-Sinorhizobium interactions. The diversity of genes present in the accessory genomes of members of this genus indicates that each bacterium has adopted slightly different strategies to interact with diverse plant genera and soil environments.
Clinical Relevance of Linezolid-Associated Serotonin Toxicity
Authors: Woytowish Melanie R , Maynor Lena M 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and review the literature surrounding serotonin toxicity in patients receiving linezolid and determine the clinical relevance of this reaction. DATA SOURCES Literature was accessed via MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar (both through February 2013) using the search terms linezolid, serotonin syndrome, serotonin toxicity, and adverse reaction. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Relevant case reports, retrospective studies, surveys, and review articles were included. Bibliographies of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional sources. DATA SYNTHESIS Linezolid exhibits mild, nonselective inhibition of monoamine oxidase and has been associated with serotonin toxicity when used in combination with other serotonergic agents. Based on published reports, the incidence of linezolid-associated serotonin toxicity is between 0.54% and 18.2%. Our review identified 32 documented cases, including 3 fatalities. Most cases occurred in patients concurrently receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Receipt of multiple agents with serotonergic activity seems to increase the risk of serotonin toxicity. Both onset and resolution of symptoms varied from hours to days. CONCLUSIONS Current Food and Drug Administration recommendations to avoid the use of linezolid in patients receiving select serotonergic agents highlight the need to carefully balance the risk/benefit ratio in this situation. Although linezolid has been available for 12 years, reports of serotonin toxicity with this agent are uncommon. While clinicians should be aware of this potentially severe interaction and closely monitor patients who are receiving linezolid in combination with serotonergic agents, our findings show that linezolid is not contraindicated in this situation.
Bismuth decoration of electrodeposited platinum thin films with a preferential (100) orientation
Authors: Bertin E. , Garbarino S. , Martin M.H. , Guay D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPreferentially {100} oriented and polycrystalline platinum electrodes were prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition. The surface of the electrodes was characterized by deconvolution of the hydrogen desorption region. The catalytic activity for formic acid oxidation was determined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results indicate that although the maximum current observed in cyclic voltammogram does not increase, the long term performances as measured by chronoamperometry dramatically increase up to 33 times with increased Bi coverage despite the loss of electroactive Pt surface area.
Experiment and Modelisation Results on Laser Thermal Processing for Ultra-Shallow Junction Formation: Influence of Laser Pulse Duration
Authors: Venturini J. , Hernandez M. , Zahorski D. , Kerrien G. , Sarnet T. , Debarre D. , Boulmer J. , Laviron C. , Semeria M.-N. , Camel D. , Santailler J.-L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAccording to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), the doping technology requirements for the MOSFET source and drain regions of the future CMOS generations lead to a major challenge. A critical point of this evolution is the formation of ultra-shallow junctions(USJ) for which present technologies, based on ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing, will hardly meet the ITRS specifications. Laser Thermal Processing (LTP) has been shown to be a potential candidate to solve this fundamental problem. In the present paper, LTP experiments have been performed with two XeCl excimer lasers (λ= 308 nm) with different pulse characteristics. The first laser (Lambda Physik, Compex 102) delivers 200 mJ laser pulses with a duration of ∼25 ns. The second laser is an industrial tool (SOPRA, VEL 15) that delivers 16 J laser pulses with a duration of ∼200 ns and allows to anneal a few cm die in a single laser shot. Here we examine the influence of the pulse duration on LTP of B+ (with and without Ge+ pre-amorphization) and BF2 implanted silicon samples on the basis of real-time optical monitoring of the laser induced melting/recrystallisation process, four-point probe resistivity measurements, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiles. Experimental results are compared to finite element modelisation (FIDAP Fluent Software) that takes into account both laser pulses. The activated dopant dose, junction depth and sheet resistance, as a function of the laser fluence and shot number for both lasers, confirm the efficiency of laser processing to realize ultra-shallow and highly doped junctions as required by the future CMOS generations. Influence of the pulse duration on the USJ formation process is also discussed.
Type 2 Diabetes With Partial Lipodystrophy of the Limbs
Authors: Strickland Leah R. , Guo Fangjian , Lok Kerry , Garvey W. Timothy 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Lipodystrophies are categorized by the extent of fat loss (generalized vs. partial) and by inheritance (congenital vs. acquired). We examined whether a group of patients with partial lipodystrophy of the limbs (PLL), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and an absence of a family history of lipodystrophy constitute a new clinical subtype.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ten women with T2DM and PLL were identified in academic diabetes clinics and were matched by age, sex, BMI, ethnicity, and diabetes status with 10 women with control T2DM without lipodystrophy. All patients were characterized by clinical evaluation and hyperinsulinemic clamp.

RESULTS
Patients with T2DM and PLL exhibited symmetrical loss of subcutaneous fat in forearms, or forearms plus calves, and acanthosis nigricans. Maximally stimulated glucose disposal rates were markedly reduced by 56% in the T2DM with PLL group compared with the control T2DM patients, whether normalized by body weight or surface area. Most PLL patients exhibited little or no insulin-mediated glucose uptake after subtraction of non-insulin–mediated glucose uptake. The T2DM with PLL group also had greater elevations in hepatic transaminases and triglycerides and earlier onset of diabetes compared with control T2DM.

CONCLUSIONS
T2DM with PLL represents a previously unrecognized phenotype of lipodystrophy and of T2DM. These T2DM patients exhibit symmetrical lipodystrophy of the distal limbs, acanthosis nigricans, marked insulin resistance with little insulin-mediated glucose uptake, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic transaminase elevations, which are greater in severity than observed in patients with common T2DM.
Mercury Exposure in Young Adulthood and Incidence of Diabetes Later in Life
Authors: He Ka , Xun Pengcheng , Liu Kiang , Morris Steve , Reis Jared , Guallar Eliseo 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Laboratory studies suggest that exposure to methylmercury at a level similar to those found in fish may induce pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction. Few, if any, human studies have examined the association between mercury exposure and diabetes incidence. We examined whether toenail mercury levels are associated with incidence of diabetes in a large prospective cohort.

RESEACH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective cohort of 3,875 American young adults, aged 20–32 years, free of diabetes in 1987 (baseline), were enrolled and followed six times until 2005. Baseline toenail mercury levels were measured with instrumental neutron-activation analysis. Incident diabetes was identified by plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1C levels, and/or antidiabetes medications.

RESULTS
A total of 288 incident cases of diabetes occurred over 18 years of follow-up. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, study center, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of diabetes, intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and magnesium, and toenail selenium, toenail mercury levels were positively associated with the incidence of diabetes. The hazard ratio (95% CI) of incident diabetes compared the highest to the lowest quintiles of mercury exposure was 1.65 (1.07–2.56; P for trend = 0.02). Higher mercury exposure at baseline was also significantly associated with decreased homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function index (P for trend &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results are consistent with findings from laboratory studies and provide longitudinal human data suggesting that people with high mercury exposure in young adulthood may have elevated risk of diabetes later in life.
The taxonomic value of rostral nodes of extinct sharks, with comments on previous records of the genus Lamna (Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA)
Authors: Mollen Frederik H. , Jagt John W.M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Mollen, F.H. and Jagt, J.W.M. 2012. The taxonomic value of rostral nodes of extinct sharks, with comments on previous records of the genus Lamna (Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA). Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (1), 117-127. Warszawa. Shark rostral nodes from the Yorktown Formation (Zanclean, early Pliocene) of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina (USA), previously assigned to the genus Lamna Cuvier, 1816, have been reinterpreted using a preliminary identification key for extant Lamniformes based on rostral morphology. In addition, the fossil rostral nodes have been compared in detail with Recent material of both the porbeagle, Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788) and the salmon shark, Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follet, 1947. Despite the fact that the rostra compared relatively well with those of Recent Lamna, the Lee Creek Mine specimens proved to differ significantly in having near-parallel lateral rostral cartilages that join the rostral node individually, instead of abutting ones. Based on this observation, we here propose to strike the genus Lamna from the Lee Creek Mine faunal list, so long as no other diagnostic material is forthcoming. These partially preserved rostra are likely to have belonged to extinct taxa within the families Lamnidae or Otodontidae, both of which have been documented from the Yorktown Formation on the basis of isolated teeth of at least three species, Cosmopolitodus hastalis (Agassiz, 1838), Megaselachus megalodon (Agassiz, 1835) and Parotodus benedenii (Le Hon, 1871).
Palaeoecological implications of neoselachian shark teeth from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland
Authors: Rees Jan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Rees, J. 2012. Palaeoecological implications of neoselachian shark teeth from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (3), 397-402. Warszawa.
Systematic sampling through the Middle and Upper Bathonian strata at Gnaszyn has resulted in the discovery of 13 neoselachian teeth. Systematically, the teeth represent five taxa including Sphenodus sp., Protospinax sp. 1, Protospinax sp. 2, Palaeobrachaelurus sp. and another, indeterminate orectolobiform. The presence of two species of the flattened and bottom-dwelling Protospinax and two different orectolobiforms that are likely to have lived near the bottom, is a strong indication of oxygenated bottom conditions at the time of deposition. The dietary preferences of these taxa included a wide variety of benthic invertebrates. The synechodontiform Sphenodus may have been the first pelagic predatory neoselachian in the Jurassic, equipped with high and slender piercing teeth that formed a tearing-type dentition. The diet of Sphenodus probably included bony fish, smaller sharks and cephalopods.
Microsegregation in Nodular Cast Iron with Carbides
Authors: Pietrowski S. , Gumienny G. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this paper results of microsegregation in the newly developed nodular cast iron with carbides are presented. To investigate the pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The distribution of linear elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. To investigate the microsegregation pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The linear distribution of elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. Testing of the chemical composition of cast iron metal matrix components, including carbides were carried out. The change of graphitizing and anti-graphitizing element concentrations within eutectic cell was determined. It was found, that in cast iron containing Mo carbides crystallizing after austenite + graphite eutectic are Si enriched.
Analysis and Assessment of Measurements Results of Electric Power Demand in a Model Vacuum-assisted Moulding Installation
Authors: Smyksy K. , Wrona R. , Brzeziński M. , Ziółkowski E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this article the main problems related with the proper choice of the design and operation parameters of vacuum installation in vacuum moulding system have been discussed. In such system a vacuum are generated using electric-driven vacuum pumps. The aim of the experiment is to evaluate the performance of a vacuum system basing on registered plots of selected electric power parameters of the power-supplying system of the pumps with parallel measurements instantaneous values of pressure in selected points of model stand. The measurements system for power-supply unit has incorporated the recorders of instantaneous current and voltage values. Following the suitable numerical procedure, the experimental data are analysed to yield mathematical relationships between the variations of the generated vacuum pressure levels and variations of selected electric power parameters. According to the authors, the applied measurements system of the parameters of a vacuum-assisted installation may become an effective and easy practical method of evaluating the performance of such installations, used also in industry.
Health risk analysis of pesticide residues in berry fruit from north-eastern Poland
Authors: Łozowicka Bożena , Rutkowska Ewa , Jankowska Magdalena , Kaczyński Piotr , Hrynko Izabela 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The first aim of this paper was to evaluate pesticide residue levels of berry fruit samples. The second aim was to analyze health risks associated with pesticide levels. The monitoring was conducted on samples from producers in north-eastern Poland, during the time period 2005-2010. In total, 241 samples of berry fruit were analyzed using validated and accredited multi residue methods. The studies included 7 commodities (125 strawberry, 59 black currant, 25 raspberry, 23 chokeberry, 7 red currant samples and one sample of elderberry and wild strawberry), and the analysis of 128 pesticides. Residues, mainly insecticides, were found in 47.7% of samples while 40.7% of samples contained pesticide residues below MRLs and 7% above MRLs. The pesticides were found most often in red currant (100%) and black currant (63%) samples. The most frequently detected pesticides were fenazaquin and fenitrothion. Pesticide residues at levels exceeding legally binding MRLs occurred mostly in black currant samples (12 samples). Violations of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (15 notifications) and use of a forbidden plant protection product (8 notifications) were found in twenty-three berry samples during the six-year study. For these cases, the RASFF system (rapid alert system for food and feed) procedures were initiated. The highest number of notifications was recorded in 2008 (11 notifications). Only one of the notifications was prepared for berry fruit from an integrated production system − black currant, the remaining were for conventional fruit. Among the RASFF notifications, 17 (74%) were for black currant samples.
The estimated exposure to pesticide residues detected in the analyzed berry fruit samples was shown to be very low for the general population (adults) and for the critical population of small children. Acute and chronic exposure based on residue levels did not adversely affect consumer health.
Preparation of carbon nanotube embedded in polyacrylonitrile (pan) nanofibre composites by electrospinning process
Authors: Pilehrood Mohammad Kazemi , Heikkilä Pirjo , Harlin Ali 
Published: February 2013

Abstract:

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced PAN nanofibres were successfully electrospun. A polymer plasticiser, ethylene carbonate (EC), was added into the PAN/CNT solutions. The average diameter of the fibres varied between 80 and 240 nm. This study investigated the effects of polymer concentration, CNT and EC on the morphological characteristics of electrospun PAN fibres. Electrospinning parameters were set at constant values to prevent their mutual influences on the resultant morphology. It was observed that increasing the polymer concentration led to a reduction of beads density and an increase in the diameter of the PAN nanofibres. The fibre diameters also increased as a result of the addition of CNTs below the electrical percolation threshold. It was found that the inclusion of EC permits changes in the morphological characteristic of the PAN/CNT nanocomposite fibre regardless of the effects of its conductivity and viscosity
Optimisation of the warp yarn tension on a warp knitting machine
Authors: Pohlen Vivienne , Schnabel Andreas , Neumann Florian , Gries Thomas 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Investigations (calculations) based on a warp yarn tension analysis on a warp knitting machine with multiaxial
weft yarn insertion allow prospective reduced yarn tension differences in technical warp knits. From this a future
opportunity is provided to substitute the subjective warp let-off adjustment by a model of tension control. The
outcome of this is a higher reproducibility with associated increasing process reliability and rising product
quality.
Description of fabric thickness and roughness on the basis of fabric structure parameters
Authors: Kolcavova Sirkova Brigita 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This paper focuses on the evaluation of thread interlacing and its influence on some of the end-use properties of
woven fabric, especially its influence fabric thickness and roughness. Weaves and their interlacing structural
models, different thread positions in the fabric, and thread compression in thread interlacing are important not
only for final design but for final fabric properties. From the weave viewpoint, it is necessary to distinguish the
specific interlacing in the longitudinal and in the transverse section as well as the dimension and design of the
binding repeat.
Correlation between Degenerative Changes and Osteoporosis in Lumbar Spine of Elderly Women in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdoucy Sultana Amena , Mian Md Anower Hussain , Akhter Nasrin , Alam Md Shafiqul , Sadek MA 
Published: February 2013

Aims: Degenerative joint diseases and decreased bone mass i.e. osteoporosis are two common age related skeletal disorders responsible for pain and disability. Bangladesh has a high incidence of osteoporosis and the incidence particularly in women, occurs among a relatively younger age group than in the developed world. However little is known about the correlation between degenerative changes and osteoporosis in lumbar spine of elderly women. The purpose of this study was to clarify this relationship in elderly women of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of radiology and imaging of Bangladesh institute of research and rehabilitation in diabetes, endocrine and metabolic disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka during the period of 1st January, 2009 to 31st December, 2010. DEXA scan of spine and BMD measurement were done at a renowned private hospital of Dhaka. Total 63 elderly female aged between 50-75 years were randomly selected for this study. Results: An inverse relationship between osteoporosis and spondylosis in postmenopausal women as evaluated by bone mineral density and semiquantitative scoring of spinal degeneration was observed. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.53:p<0.05) was found between T-score and grade. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13740 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
A Case of Generalized Tooth Wear caused by Bruxism and its Rehabilitation
Authors: Podder Anupam , Saha Boby , Saha Arup Kumar , Luna Nowseen Jahan 
Published: February 2013

Bruxism may lead to dental problem such as tooth wear, fracture, crack of tooth, muscles of mastication discomfort, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction syndrome and periodontal signs such as gingival recession and tooth mobility. This article presents a case report in which bruxism caused severe tooth wear that lead to great muscular discomfort with TMJ pain. The initial treatment approach was the installation of an inter-occlusal acrylic device in centric relation of occlusion for re-establishment of the occlusal stability. Vertical dimension of occlusion, anterior guides and return of normal muscle activity were observed within 3 months. After subsiding primary symptoms, oral rehabilitation therapy was approached by means of metal bond ceramic restoration and new inter-occlusal device was provided for protection of restoration. Satisfactory aesthetics, improved function, occlusal stability were obtained after oral rehabilitation therapy. No specific trouble occurred during 1 year follow up period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13747 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013