bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diode laser‐induced tissue effects: In vitro tissue model study and in vivo evaluation of wound healing following non‐contact application
Authors: Havel Miriam , Betz Christian S. , Leunig Andreas , Sroka Ronald 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe basic difference between the various common medical laser systems is the wavelength of the emitted light, leading to altered light–tissue interactions due to the optical parameters of the tissue. This study examines laser induced tissue effects in an in vitro tissue model using 1,470 nm diode laser compared to our standard practice for endonasal applications (940 nm diode laser) under standardised and reproducible conditions. Additionally, in vivo induced tissue effects following non‐contact application with focus on mucosal healing were investigated in a controlled intra‐individual design in patients treated for hypertrophy of nasal turbinate.MethodsA certified diode laser system emitting the light of λ = 1470 nm was evaluated with regards to its tissue effects (ablation, coagulation) in an in vitro setup on porcine liver and turkey muscle tissue model. To achieve comparable macroscopic tissue effects the laser fibres (600 µm core diameter) were fixed to a computer controlled stepper motor and the laser light was applied in a reproducible procedure under constant conditions.For the in vivo evaluation, 20 patients with nasal obstruction due to hyperplasia of inferior nasal turbinates were included in this prospective randomised double‐blinded comparative trial. The endoscopic controlled endonasal application of λ = 1470 nm on the one and λ = 940 nm on the other side, both in ‘non‐contact’ mode, was carried out as an outpatient procedure under local anaesthesia. The postoperative wound healing process (mucosal swelling, scab formation, bleeding, infection) was endoscopically documented and assessed by an independent physician.ResultsIn the experimental setup, the 1,470 nm laser diode system proved to be efficient in inducing tissue effects in non‐contact mode with a reduced energy factor of 5–10 for highly perfused liver tissue to 10–20 for muscle tissue as compared to the 940 nm diode laser system.In the in vivo evaluation scab formation following laser surgery as assessed clinically on endonasal endoscopy was significantly reduced on 1,470 nm treated site compared to 940 nm diode laser treated site.ConclusionsDiode laser system (1,470 nm) induces efficient tissue effects compared to 940 nm diode laser system as shown in the tissue model experiment. From the clinical point of view, the healing process following non‐contact diode laser application revealed to be improved using 1,470 nm diode laser compared to our standard diode laser practise with 940 nm. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:449–455, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silicone Rubber Modified with Methacrylic Acid to Host Antiseptic Drugs
Authors: Vázquez‐González Brenda , Meléndez‐Ortiz H. Iván , Díaz‐Gómez Luis , Alvarez‐Lorenzo Carmen , Concheiro Angel , Bucio Emilio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSilicone rubber (SR) was γ‐ray grafted with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) to improve its ability to host antimicrobial drugs. Dependence of grafting yield on monomer concentration, pre‐irradiation dose, temperature and reaction time was evaluated. Modified SR films were characterized by means of FT‐IR, DSC, TGA, SEM, contact angle measurements, and swelling studies. SR‐g‐MAA showed pH sensitivity (critical pH ∼6) and good cytocompatibility. Soaking of SR‐g‐MAA in benzalkonium chloride and vancomycin aqueous solutions led to high loadings; up to 5.8 and 15.2 mg cm‐2, respectively. SR‐g‐MAA released 100% vancomycin after 24 h in buffer pH 7.4 at 37 °C, but only 20% benzalkonium chloride due to strong ionic interactions. Drug‐loaded SR‐g‐MAA prevented in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, grafting of PMAA may improve the performance of SR for biomedical applications.
UV Cured Polymeric Optical Fluorescence Sensor for the Determination of Au (III)
Authors: Çubuk Soner , Yetimoğlu Ece Kök , Kahraman M. Vezir , Kenan Sibel 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe recognition and sensing of the biologically and environmentally important metal ions has emerged as a significant goal in the field of chemical sensors in recent years. Among the various analytical methods, fluorescence has been a powerful tool due to its simplicity, high detection limit and application to bio imaging.In this study, UV cured polymeric optical sensor for Au (III) ion based on a fluorescence membrane has been developed. The response characteristics of the sensor including dynamic range, pH effect and response time were systematically investigated. The influences of the conditions such as pH, response time on the metal ion binding capacity of membrane were also tested.
A Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Thermal Transitions of PMMA and PMMA/SiO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Sanchez Freddy A. , Redondo Marta , Olmos Dania , Kuzmanovic Maja , González‐Benito Javier 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIn this work infrared spectroscopy in the near infrared (NIR) range is used to study the dynamics of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a pure polymer and when it is modified with silica nanoparticles. Different ways of analyzing FT‐NIR spectra were explored taking the temperature as the variable of the systems: i) bands shifts in terms of the first moment of the wavenumber; ii) bands shifts in terms of an absorbance ratio method and iii) absorbance variations in terms of the integrated absorbance. The spectroscopic analysis allowed to study thermal transitions in PMMA and PMMA based nanocomposites. In particular the method based on the use of an absorbance ratio is the most sensible to analyze the thermal transitions. All bands considered could be used to detect thermal transitions reflecting how the vibrations of the groups CH2; CH3 and CO are affected by changes in the free volume of the PMMA. It seems that the PMMA dynamics is more driven by the lateral groups than the backbone of the polymer. The presence of silica nanoparticles, at least when 1% by weight is used, restrains the PMMA motion increasing the relaxation temperatures that can be associated with the glass transitions.
Slow and Very Fast MAS Solid State NMR Study of Biopolymers
Authors: Pawlak Tomasz , Paluch Piotr , Jeziorna Agata , Bujacz Grzegorz D. , Potrzebowski Marek J. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIn the first part of article, the “NMR Crystallography” approach as tool to fine refinement of solid state structure of biopolymers is presented, employing the α polymorph of L‐polylactide (PLLA) as model. Slow Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) technique (with spinning rate of sample in range from 1.2 kHz to 8.0 kHz) was used to assign 13C isotropic chemical shifts and values of 13C δii principal elements of chemical shifts tensors (CST). Theoretical 13C shielding parameters σii were obtained employing GIPAW (Gauge Invariant Projector Augmented Wave) method and compared with experimental 13C δii elements. The computed and experimental 13C CP/MAS spectra for WAND (Wide Angle Neutron Diffraction) geometry of powdered α PLLA were evaluated. It was revealed that the computed model of α PLLA model better fit to experimental NMR spectra.In the second part of article the applications of the new NMR methodology, so called very fast MAS (VF MAS) with sample spinning over 60 kHz are presented. The power of this approach is shown employing the 13C and 15N labeled protein, ubiquitin. We revealed that Cross‐Polarization with Variable Contact (CPVC) time sequence under very‐fast MAS condition performed in two‐dimensional (2D) mode is very efficient method to measure accurately the CH and NH distances, and to analyze the dynamics of proteins with overlapped resonances in aliphatic and aromatic regions.
Increased impulsivity in response to food cues after sleep loss in healthy young men
Authors: Cedernaes Jonathan , Brandell Jon , Ros Olof , Broman Jan‐Erik , Hogenkamp Pleunie S. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Benedict Christian 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate whether acute total sleep deprivation (TSD) leads to decreased cognitive control when food cues are presented during a task requiring active attention, by assessing the ability to cognitively inhibit prepotent responses.MethodsFourteen males participated in the study on two separate occasions in a randomized, crossover within‐subject design: one night of TSD versus normal sleep (8.5 hours). Following each nighttime intervention, hunger ratings and morning fasting plasma glucose concentrations were assessed before performing a go/no‐go task.ResultsFollowing TSD, participants made significantly more commission errors when they were presented “no‐go” food words in the go/no‐go task, as compared with their performance following sleep (+56%; P<0.05). In contrast, response time and omission errors to “go” non‐food words did not differ between the conditions. Self‐reported hunger after TSD was increased without changes in fasting plasma glucose. The increase in hunger did not correlate with the TSD‐induced commission errors.ConclusionsOur results suggest that TSD impairs cognitive control also in response to food stimuli in healthy young men. Whether such loss of inhibition or impulsiveness is food cue‐specific as seen in obesity—thus providing a mechanism through which sleep disturbances may promote obesity development—warrants further investigation.
Relvar Ellipta: new once‐daily steroid/LABA inhaler
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Thomson Neil C 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRelvar Ellipta is a new inhaled steroid/long‐acting beta‐agonist combination taken once daily. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Professor Neil Thomson discusses its place in therapy.
Ensemble post‐processing using member‐by‐member approaches: theoretical aspects
Authors: Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Vannitsem Stéphane 
Published: May 2014

Linear post‐processing approaches are proposed and fundamental mechanisms are analyzed by which the probabilistic skill of an ensemble forecast can be improved. The ensemble mean of the corrected forecast is a linear function of the ensemble mean(s) of the predictor(s). Likewise, the ensemble spread of the corrected forecast depends linearly on that of the uncorrected forecast. The regression coefficients are obtained by maximizing the likelihood function for the error distribution. Comparing different calibration approaches on simple systems that exhibit chaotic features (the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, the spatially extended Lorenz system), four correction mechanisms are identified: the ensemble‐mean scaling and nudging using the predictor(s), and the ensemble‐spread scaling and nudging. Ensemble‐spread corrections turn out to yield improvement only when ‘reliability’ constraints are imposed on the corrected forecast. First of all climatological reliability is enforced and is satisfied when the total variability of the forecast is equal to the variability of the observations. Second, ensemble reliability or calibration of the ensembles is enforced such that the squared error of the ensemble mean coincides with the ensemble variance.In terms of continuous ranked probability skill score, spread calibration provides much more gain in skill than the traditional ensemble‐mean calibration and extends for lead times far beyond the error‐doubling time. The skill performance is better than or as good as the benchmark calibration method which derives from statistical assumptions –non‐homogeneous Gaussian regression. In addition to the member‐by‐member nature of the approach, benefits compared with the benchmark method can be pinpointed. In particular, although the post‐processing methods are performed for each lead time, location and variable independently, they preserve the rank correlations and thus take dependencies across space, time, and different variables into account. In addition, higher‐order ensemble moments like kurtosis and skewness correspond to those of the uncorrected forecasts.
Breeze graph grammar: a graph grammar approach for modeling the software architecture of big data‐oriented software systems
Authors: Li Chen , Huang Linpeng , Chen Luxi 
Published: May 2014

SummaryVarious technologies have been proposed to support the processing of big data. However, such technologies require software architectures not only to adapt to the changes and achieve dynamic evolution but also to be reliable. Most of the architecture description techniques are not able to directly capture the dynamic changes in the definition of the software architecture and cannot analyze or evaluate the system reliability. In this paper, we provide a breeze graph grammar (BGG) to model the software architecture in both static and dynamic aspects and give a BGG reliability model to help supporting software system reliability modeling and evaluation. Our work expands this idea in three directions. We first present the definition of BGG to specify the software architecture and map the system dynamic evolution to BGG transformation rules. Second, a BGG reliability model is proposed in which we add error attributes to the BGG graph for capturing the system error information, and the system error state transition is performed through BGG graph rewriting rules. Then, we study the rules to map the BGG reliability model to a generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) model, which can be used for reliability evaluation. Throughout this paper, we use a big data‐based centralized system to demonstrate our approach. The BGG graph rewriting characteristic supports the dynamic change requirements, and the architecture is statically checked through the BGG productions. Moreover, system reliability modeling and evaluation can be achieved through the BGG reliability model by combining GSPN. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Netkit: network emulation for education
Authors: Pizzonia Maurizio , Rimondini Massimo 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIn the era of virtualization, virtual networking plays an important role. Besides production use, virtual networking can be effectively adopted in many other contexts where accurate emulation of functionalities is important, like testing before deployment, evaluation of what‐if scenarios, research, and, increasingly, didactics. In this paper, we describe our 10‐year experience in designing, implementing, using, and maintaining Netkit, an environment for simple, inexpensive, and lightweight network emulation targeted at didactics. We analyze the peculiar requirements in this context and discuss how the architecture chosen for Netkit is tailored to fulfill them. We show that Netkit is particularly well suited for a quick preparation of complex network scenarios comprising a wide range of networking technologies. These scenarios can be specified using configuration languages that are similar to those used on real devices and, once set up, can be easily distributed via email or published on the Web. Netkit comes with a rich set of ready‐to‐use pre‐configured networks, accompanied by lecture slides that enable users to immediately experiment with specific case studies. To complete the picture, we report our experience in supporting and fostering the growth of the community of users revolving around Netkit: more than 15 educational institutions worldwide take advantage of Netkit, allowing teachers and students to practice with realistic networks without the need of expensive laboratories. We also detail how we profitably use Netkit within advanced academic‐level networking courses and related examinations at the Roma Tre University. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of esophageal motor function using combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and manometry in patients with achalasia
Authors: Lei Wei‐Yi , Lo Wen‐Lin , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundAchalasia is characterized by esophageal aperistalsis and a failure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and manometry (MII‐EM) allows the simultaneous recording of esophageal peristalsis and bolus transport patterns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of MII‐EM for the assessment of esophageal motility and to characterize patterns of esophageal bolus transport in patients with achalasia with or without Heller myotomy.Materials and methodsA total of nine patients (2 men and 7 women, age range 25–46 years) were enrolled in this study. Two of the patients had previously undergone Heller myotomy. All patients underwent combined MII‐EM with a nine‐channel esophageal function testing catheter containing four impedance measuring segments and five solid‐state pressure transducers. Each patient received 10 liquid and 10 viscous swallows in a sitting position. All tracings were recorded and analyzed for esophageal contractions and bolus transit.ResultsNone of the patients with achalasia, whether they had undergone a Heller myotomy or not, had manometrically normal esophageal peristalsis during saline or viscous swallowing. They had a normal LES resting pressure, incomplete LES relaxation, and lower distal esophageal contraction. The LES relaxation percentages in the patients who had undergone Heller myotomy (97% and 51%) were higher than those of the untreated patients (mean 47%). All patients demonstrated a low baseline impedance level in the distal esophagus. Air trapping in the proximal esophagus was also detected in nearly all of the patients. None of the patients in either group had complete bolus transit with either saline or viscous swallows.ConclusionPatients with achalasia are characterized by poor esophageal contraction and absent esophageal bolus clearance and such abnormalities are still noticeable after Heller myotomy. Although combined MII‐EM can provide additional information regarding esophageal bolus transit, a low baseline impedance level and air trapping in the proximal esophagus may limit its utility in the diagnosis of esophageal dysmotility in patients with achalasia.
Time-analyticity of Lagrangian particle trajectories in ideal fluid flow
Authors: Zheligovsky Vladislav , Frisch Uriel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt is known that the Eulerian and Lagrangian structures of fluid flow can be drastically different; for example, ideal fluid flow can have a trivial (static) Eulerian structure, while displaying chaotic streamlines. Here, we show that ideal flow with limited spatial smoothness (an initial vorticity that is just a little better than continuous) nevertheless has time-analytic Lagrangian trajectories before the initial limited smoothness is lost. To prove these results we use a little-known Lagrangian formulation of ideal fluid flow derived by Cauchy in 1815 in a manuscript submitted for a prize of the French Academy. This formulation leads to simple recurrence relations among the time-Taylor coefficients of the Lagrangian map from initial to current fluid particle positions; the coefficients can then be bounded using elementary methods. We first consider various classes of incompressible fluid flow, governed by the Euler equations, and then turn to highly compressible flow, governed by the Euler–Poisson equations, a case of cosmological relevance. The recurrence relations associated with the Lagrangian formulation of these incompressible and compressible problems are so closely related that the proofs of time-analyticity are basically identical.
Mixed acoustic–entropy combustion instabilities in gas turbines
Authors: Motheau Emmanuel , Nicoud Franck , Poinsot Thierry 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA combustion instability in a combustor terminated by a nozzle is analysed and modelled based on a low-order Helmholtz solver. A large eddy simulation (LES) of the corresponding turbulent, compressible and reacting flow is first performed and analysed based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The mode with the highest amplitude shares the same frequency of oscillation as the experiment (approximately 320 Hz) and shows the presence of large entropy spots generated within the combustion chamber and convected down to the exit nozzle. The lowest purely acoustic mode being in the range 700–750 Hz, it is postulated that the instability observed around 320 Hz stems from a mixed entropy–acoustic mode, where the acoustic generation associated with entropy spots being convected throughout the choked nozzle plays a key role. The DMD analysis allows one to extract from the LES results a low-order model that confirms that the mechanism of the low-frequency combustion instability indeed involves both acoustic and convected entropy waves. The delayed entropy coupled boundary condition (DECBC) (Motheau, Selle & Nicoud, J. Sound Vib., vol. 333, 2014, pp. 246–262) is implemented into a numerical Helmholtz solver where the baseline flow is assumed at rest. When fed with appropriate transfer functions to model the entropy generation and convection from the flame to the exit, the Helmholtz/DECBC solver predicts the presence of an unstable mode around 320 Hz, in agreement with both LES and experiments.
Acoustic invisibility in turbulent fluids by optimised cloaking
Authors: Huang Xun , Zhong Siyang , Liu Xin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAcoustic invisibility of a cloaking system in turbulent fluids is poorly understood. Here we show that evident scattering would appear in turbulent wakes due to the submergence of a classical cloaking device. The inherent physical mechanism is explained using our theoretical model, which eventually inspires us to develop an optimised cloaking approach. Both the near- and far-field scattered fields are examined using computational methods. The remarkably low scattering demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach, in particular for acoustic cloaking in turbulent fluids.
Nature and dynamics of overreflection of Alfvén waves in MHD shear flows
Authors: Gogichaishvili D. , Chagelishvili G. , Chanishvili R. , Lominadze J. 
Published: May 2014

Our goal is to gain new insights into the physics of wave overreflection phenomenon in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nonuniform/shear flows changing the existing trend/approach of the phenomenon study. The performed analysis allows to separate from each other different physical processes, grasp their interplay and, by this way, construct the basic physics of the overreflection in incompressible MHD flows with linear shear of mean velocity, U0=(Sy,0,0), that contain two different types of Alfvén waves. These waves are reduced to pseudo- and shear-Alfvén waves when wavenumber along Z-axis equals zero (i.e. when kz=0). Therefore, for simplicity, we labeled these waves as: P-Alfvén and S-Alfvén waves (P-AWs and S-AWs). We show that: (1) the linear coupling of counter-propagating waves determines the overreflection, (2) counter-propagating P-AWs are coupled with each other, while counter-propagating S-AWs are not coupled with each other, but are asymmetrically coupled with P-AWs; S-AWs do not participate in the linear dynamics of P-AWs, (3) the transient growth of S-AWs is somewhat smaller compared with that of P-AWs, (4) the linear transient processes are highly anisotropic in wave number space, (5) the waves with small streamwise wavenumbers exhibit stronger transient growth and become more balanced, (6) maximal transient growth (and overreflection) of the wave energy occurs in the two-dimensional case – at zero spanwise wavenumber.To the end, we analyze nonlinear consequences of the described anisotropic linear dynamics – they should lead to an anisotropy of nonlinear cascade processes significantly changing their essence, pointing to a need of revisiting the existing concepts of cascade processes in MHD shear flows.