bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Thematic Survey of New Kingdom Historical Fiction
Authors: Manassa Colleen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the results of the previous four chapters, analysing the significance of each tale within the corpus of historical fiction. The main themes of each tale, including scribal victory in The Quarrels of Apepi and Seqenenre, the loan words of The Capture of Joppa, the re-creation of the Battle of Megiddo in Thutmose III in Asia, and the detailed historical information concerning the enemy in The Libyan Battle Story. The overview of theology in the tales tackles the particularly important role of Seth. On one hand a god of chaos and foreigners, the works of historical fiction suggest that Seth may play the role of divine “double agent,” who ultimately acts in the best interest of the Egyptians. A final section analyses historiography within the tales, examining what historical knowledge was required of the author and audience. The relevance for the genre of historical fiction for post-New Kingdom literature is also considered.
Turbulence enhances feeding of larval cod at low prey densities
Authors: Kristiansen T. , Vollset K. W. , Sundby S. , Vikebø F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe ability of larval fish to find food successfully after hatching is critical for their growth and survival during the early life stages. However, the feeding ecology of larval fish is strongly dependent on prevailing physical and biological conditions. Small changes in the prey distribution, turbulence, light, and ocean temperature can affect larval survival probabilities. This study combined physical and biological observations collected from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) spawning grounds from Lofoten, Norway, during the years 1991–1992 with an individual-based model (IBM) that is able to simulate behaviour, feeding, and growth. Observational data on the vertical distribution of larval cod revealed that they congregated at 10–25 m during the day, although the highest abundance of prey was generally in the upper 10 m. Using the behavioural component of the IBM, we analysed the mechanistic interactions between larval bioenergetics and the physical–biological environment and compared modelled with observed vertical larval cod distribution. During periods of both low and high prey densities, turbulence had a significant impact on larval cod feeding and growth rates as well as on larval vertical distribution. At low prey abundance (<5 nauplii l−1), turbulence enhanced encounter rates were very important for sustaining ingestion and growth rates for first-feeding larval cod. Our results suggest that turbulence allowed larval cod to sustain high ingestion rates even deeper in the water column, where prey densities are usually lower.
Sustained Virologic Response for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection After 27 Days of Treatment with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin
Authors: Meissner Eric G. , Nelson Amy , Marti Miriam , Masur Henry , Osinusi Anu , Kottilil Shyam 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection can now be achieved using direct-acting antiviral agents without interferon. In this report, we present a patient who achieved a sustained virologic response after 27 days of treatment with sofosbuvir and ribavirin. It is imperative to identify factors that allow for shorter treatment times in some individuals.
Technology in families and the clinical encounter: results of a cross‐national survey
Authors: Bacigalupe Gonzalo , Camara Maria , Buffardi Laura E. 
Published: April 2014

Information communication technologies (ICT) are an integral part of contemporary family life, though the existing research about its impact is scarce, less than definitive, and individually based, as well as failing to attend to cross‐cultural and cross‐national dimensions. This study investigates how family clinicians construe the impact of ICT in the clinical context. A survey directed at family clinicians (N = 258) in four countries (Canada, Mexico, Spain and the USA) was designed to gather data on their beliefs about the impact of the emerging ICT on families and on their own clinical practice. The study found differences in the use of ICT across countries and correlation analyses showed there were more positive attitudes about the impact of emerging ICT on family dynamics among the clinicians whose use them the most.Practitioner points
A constructive attitude towards emerging technology may enhance the effective use of technology in family therapy.
The use of technology for personal and professional purposes by therapists may elicit appreciative conversations with families about its impact on family processes.
Emerging digital technologies may enable clinicians to involve family members in virtual exercises and participation.
Bleeding patterns during the menopausal transition in the multi‐ethnic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Paramsothy P , Harlow SD , Greendale GA , Gold EB , Crawford SL , Elliott MR , Lisabeth LD , Randolph JF 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivePrevious studies describing menses duration and heaviness of flow during the menopausal transition (MT) have been short in duration and limited to white women. We estimated the frequency of and risk factors for prolonged bleeding, spotting and heavy bleeding during the MT in an ethnically diverse population.DesignProspective community‐based cohort study.SettingUSA: southeastern Michigan, northern California and Los Angeles, California.PopulationA total of 1320 midlife women who participated in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Menstrual Calendar Substudy. Participants included African‐American, white, Chinese, and Japanese women.MethodsWomen completed daily menstrual calendars from 1996 to 2006, and provided information on hormone therapy, smoking and physical activity. Annual measures included height and weight. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable regression were used to analyse the data.Main outcome measuresMenses of 10+ days, spotting of 6+ days, heavy bleeding of 3+ days.ResultsAt least three occurrences of menses 10+ days was reported by 77.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 56.7–93.2), of 6+ days of spotting by 66.8% (95% CI 55.2–78.0) and of 3+ days of heavy bleeding by 34.5% (95% CI 30.2–39.2) of women. Menses of 10+ days, 6+ days of spotting, and 3+ days of heavy bleeding were associated with MT stage, uterine fibroids, hormone use and ethnicity. Body mass index was associated with 3+ days of heavy bleeding.ConclusionsThese data provide clinicians and women with important information about the expected frequency of prolonged and heavy bleeding and spotting during the menopausal transition that may facilitate clinical decision making.
Cost‐effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with thoracic radiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for limited stage small cell lung cancer: A population‐based propensity‐score matched analysis
Authors: Chien Chun‐Ru , Hsia Te‐Chun , Chen Chih‐Yi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe addition of thoracic radiotherapy improves the outcome of limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS‐SCLC), however, the cost‐effectiveness of this process has never been reported. We aimed to estimate the short‐term cost‐effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with thoracic radiotherapy (C‐TRT) versus chemotherapy alone (C/T) for LS‐SCLC patients from the payer's perspective (Taiwan National Health Insurance).MethodsWe identified LS‐SCLC patients diagnosed within 2007–2009 through a comprehensive population‐based database containing cancer and death registries, and reimbursement data. The duration of interest was one year within diagnosis. We included potential confounding covariables through literature searching and our own experience, and used a propensity score to construct a 1:1 population for adjustment. We used a net benefit (NB) approach to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness at various willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) levels. Sensitivity analysis regarding potential unmeasured confounder(s) was performed.ResultsOur study population constituted 74 patients. The mean cost (2013 USD) and survival (year) was higher for C‐TRT (42 439 vs. 28 357; 0.94 vs. 0.88). At the common WTP level (50 000 USD/life‐year), C‐TRT was not cost effective (incremental NB − 11 082) and the probability for C‐TRT to be cost effective (i.e. positive net benefit) was 0.005. The result was moderately sensitive to potential unmeasured confounder(s) in sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that when compared to C/T, C‐TRT is effective in improving survival, but is not cost‐effective in the short‐term at a common WTP level from a payer's perspective. This information should be considered by clinicians when discussing thoracic radiotherapy with their LS‐SCLC patients.
Effect of sitting position on equal‐dose spinal anaesthetic for caesarean section and post‐partum tubal ligation
Authors: KWOK S. C. , TEOH W. H. L. , ITHNIN F. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundWe studied the hypothesis that an equal spinal anaesthetic dose administered in the sitting position to patients undergoing post‐partum tubal ligation (PPTL) and caesarean section (CS) would yield similar sensory block characteristics and analgesic efficacy.MethodsThis prospective, non‐randomised trial recruited 20 women undergoing PPTL within 48 h of vaginal delivery and 20 undergoing CS. Spinal anaesthesia comprising intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 12 mg and morphine 100 μg was administered at L3/4 with patients sitting. Our primary end point was the maximal dermatomal sensory block (to cold).ResultsBaseline demographics were comparable, but PPTL patients had greater parity, with mean ± standard deviation 17.54 ± 11.2 h from delivery to spinal anaesthesia, and shorter duration of surgery, 17.54 ± 11.2 vs. 40.3 ± 15.5 min. Similar maximal sensory blocks (to cold) were achieved in group PPTL vs. CS, T4 (T1‐T5) vs. T3 (T1‐T5), P = 0.104, in comparable times, 8.6 ± 2.6 vs. 7.6 ± 3.0 min, P = 0.267. PPTL patients had significantly faster two‐segment block regression (70.7 ± 23.5 vs. 97.6 ± 23.9 min, P = 0.001) and to T10 (120.8 ± 35.6 vs. 145.1 ± 24.3 min, P = 0.016), with less hypotension (25% vs. 65%, P = 0.025) and phenylephrine (20.0 ± 60.6 μg vs. 120.0 ± 119.6 μg, P = 0.005).ConclusionThe same dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine 12 mg and morphine 100 μg administered in the sitting position to both PPTL and CS parturients yielded similar maximal sensory blocks, but PPTL exhibited faster block regression and less hypotension/vasopressor requirement.
Tobacco particulate matter self‐administration in rats: differential effects of tobacco type
Authors: Brennan Katharine A. , Crowther Alex , Putt Fraser , Roper Vicky , Waterhouse Uta , Truman Penelope 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNicotine self‐administration in rats is the most widely used animal model of tobacco dependence. There is increasing evidence, however, that non‐nicotinic constituents in smoke contribute to addiction and that different tobacco products contain varying levels of these constituents. The present study firstly sought to compare self‐administration of pure nicotine to tobacco particulate matter (TPM) to determine if there were differences in reward‐efficacy attributable to the non‐nicotine constituents. Secondly, cigarette and roll‐your‐own (RYO) TPM groups were included and compared to determine whether different formulations of non‐nicotinic constituents could impact reward. Briefly, male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with indwelling jugular catheters for self‐administration (n = 76). The reinforcing efficacy of infusions of nicotine (0.0 or 30.0 μg/kg/infusion) versus cigarette/RYO TPM (with matched nicotine content) was determined using spontaneous acquisition of self‐administration on a fixed ratio schedule. The progressive ratio schedule was then employed to determine the motivation to receive each drug and within‐subject dose–response curves were also produced (7.5, 15.0, 30.0 and 60.0 μg/kg/infusion nicotine). The main finding was that the RYO TPM was more reinforcing and produced a different profile of reward‐related behaviour compared with both the nicotine and the cigarette TPM groups. The conclusions were that non‐nicotinic components have a role in tobacco dependence and that some tobacco products could have higher abuse liability, irrespective of nicotine levels.
Identification of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors: Virtual Screening, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Xing Junhao , Li Qing , Zhang Shengping , Liu Haomiao , Zhao Leilei , Cheng Haibo , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Jinpei , Zhang Huibin 
Published: April 2014

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV is an important approach for the treatment of type‐2 diabetes. In this study, we reported a multistage virtual screening workflow that integrated 3D pharmacophore models, structural consensus docking, and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area binding energy calculation to identify novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. After screening our in‐house database, two hit compounds, HWL‐405 and HWL‐892, having persistent high performance in all stages of virtual screening were identified. These two hit compounds together with several analogs were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The experimental data indicated that most designed compounds exhibited significant dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 35f displayed the greatest potency against dipeptidyl peptidase IV in vitro with the IC50 value of 78 nm. In an oral glucose tolerance test in normal male Kunming mice, compound 35f reduced blood glucose excursion in a dose‐dependent manner.
Dental caries and fluorosis experience of 8–12‐year‐old children by early‐life exposure to fluoride
Authors: Do Loc G. , Miller Jenifer , Phelan Claire , Sivaneswaran Shanti , Spencer A. John , Wright Clive 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to evaluate concurrently the benefit for dental caries and the risk for dental fluorosis from early exposure to fluoride among children.AimTo evaluate associations of different levels of exposure to fluoride in early childhood with dental caries and dental fluorosis experience in school children.MethodsA Child Dental Health Survey (CDHS) was conducted among school children in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) in 2007. Trained and calibrated examination teams conducted oral epidemiologic examinations to assess caries experience as decayed, missing or filled tooth surfaces of the primary and permanent dentitions (dmfs/DMFS) and fluorosis using the Thylstrup & Fejerskov (TF) index on the maxillary central incisors only. A parental questionnaire collected information on residential histories and tap water usage to enable calculation of percentage of 3‐year lifetime exposure to fluoride in water. Use of dietary fluoride supplements was also collected. Dental caries and fluorosis experience were compared among groups by levels of exposure to fluoride from water and fluoride supplements in bivariate and multivariable analysis, controlling for socioeconomic factors.ResultsExposure to different fluoride sources varied in the group of 2611 children aged 8–12 years. Lower household income was significantly associated in both bivariate and multivariable analyses with the greater prevalence and severity of primary tooth caries among 8–10‐year‐old children and permanent tooth caries among 8–12 year old. Exposure to fluoride in water during the first 3 years of life was associated with both caries and fluorosis experience observed at age 8–12 years. Having higher percentage of 3‐year lifetime exposure to fluoride in water was associated with higher prevalence of mostly mild fluorosis, but significantly lower prevalence and severity of caries in the primary and permanent dentitions.ConclusionThere were significant associations of dental caries and fluorosis experience with sources of early childhood fluoride exposure among children aged 8–12 years in New South Wales. Exposure to fluoridated water during the first 3 years of life was associated with better oral health of school‐age children.
Improvement of microcirculation and wound healing in vertical ridge augmentation after pre‐treatment with self‐inflating soft tissue expanders – a randomized study in dogs
Authors: Kaner Dogan , Zhao Han , Terheyden Hendrik , Friedmann Anton 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the effect of soft tissue expansion (STE) on vertical ridge augmentation with regard to the incidence of wound dehiscences and the impairment of microcirculation in dogs, and the applicability of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to explore the relation between microcirculation and wound healing.Material and methodsBone defects were created on both mandibular sides in ten beagle dogs by extraction of premolars and removal of bone. Six weeks later, self‐filling tissue expanders were implanted in randomly assigned test sites. After 5 weeks of expansion, vertical augmentation was carried out in test and control sites using calvarial onlay grafts side by side with granular biphasic calcium phosphate covered with a resorbable polyethylene glycol membrane. Microcirculation was evaluated with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The incidence of wound dehiscences was evaluated after 2 weeks. The validity of LDF to predict dehiscences was evaluated by construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsAfter augmentation, test sites showed significantly better perfusion than control sites without preceding STE (P = 0.012). Three days after surgery, perfusion was still significantly decreased in control sites (P = 0.005), while microcirculation in test sites had returned to pre‐surgical levels. After 2 weeks, healing in test sites was good, whereas eight dehiscences were found in control sites (P = 0.002). ROC curves showed that microcirculation levels immediately after augmentation surgery significantly predicted subsequent wound dehiscences (AUC = 0.799, CI 0.642–0.955, P = 0.006).ConclusionsLaser Doppler flowmetry is suitable for evaluation of soft tissue microcirculation after ridge augmentation. STE reduced the impairment of microcirculation caused by vertical ridge augmentation and decreased the incidence of wound dehiscences in the investigated animal model.
Marginal bone and soft tissue behavior following platform switching abutment connection/disconnection– a dog model study
Authors: Alves Célia C. , Muñoz Fernando , Cantalapiedra António , Ramos Isabel , Neves Manuel , Blanco Juan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe effect on the marginal peri‐implant tissues following repeated platform switching abutment removal and subsequent reconnection was studied.Material and MethodsSix adult female Beagle dogs were selected, and Pm3 and Pm4 teeth, both left and right sides, were extracted and the sites healed for 3 months. At this time, 24 bone level (BL) (Straumann®, Basel, Switzerland) Ø 3.3/8 mm implants were placed, 2 in each side on Pm3 and Pm4 regions. In one side (control group), 12 bone level conical Ø 3.6 mm healing abutments and, on the other side (test group), 12 Narrow CrossFit™ (NC) multibase abutments (Straumann®, Basel, Switzerland) were connected at time of implant surgery. On test group, all prosthetic procedures were carried out direct to multibase abutment without disconnecting it, where in the control group, the multibase abutment was connected/disconnected five times (at 6/8/10/12/14 weeks) during prosthetic procedures. Twelve fixed metal bridges were delivered 14 weeks after implant placement. A cleaning/control appointment was scheduled 6 months after implant placement. The animals were sacrificed at 9 months of the study. Clinical parameters and peri‐apical x‐rays were registered in every visit. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out for the 24 implants. The distance from multibase abutment shoulder to the first bone implant contact (S‐BIC) was defined as the primary histomorphometric parameter.ResultsWilcoxon comparison paired test (n = 6) found no statistically significant differences (buccal P = 0.917; Lingual P = 0.463) between test and control groups both lingually and buccally for S‐BIC distance. Only Pm3 buccal aBE–BC (distance from the apical end of the barrier epithelium to the first bone implant contact) (P = 0.046) parameter presented statistically significant differences between test and control groups. Control group presented 0.57 mm more recession than test group, being this difference statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionIt can be conclude, within the limits of this animal study, that the connection/disconnection of platform switching abutments during prosthetic phase of implant treatment does not induce bone marginal absorption. Furthermore, it may present a negative influence in the buccal connective tissue attachment that becomes shorter anyway preventing marginal hard tissue resorption, especially in thin biotypes.
Clinical study on survival rate of short implants placed in the posterior mandibular region: resonance frequency analysis
Authors: Queiroz Thallita P. , Aguiar Samuel C. , Margonar Rogério , de Souza Faloni Ana P. , Gruber Reinhard , Luvizuto Eloá R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveShort implants are increasingly used, but there is doubt about their performance being similar to that of regular implants. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical stability of short implants vs. regular implants placed in the edentulous posterior mandible.Material and methodsTwenty‐three patients received a total of 48 short implants (5 × 5.5 mm and 5 × 7 mm) and 42 regular implants (4 × 10 mm and 4 × 11.5 mm) in the posterior mandible. Patients who received short implants had <10 mm of bone height measured from the bone crest to the outer wall of the mandibular canal. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed at time intervals T0 (immediately after implant placement), T1 (after 15 days), T2 (after 30 days), T3 (after 60 days), and T4 (after 90 days).ResultsThe survival rate after 90 days was 87.5% for the short implants and 100% for regular implants (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the implants in time intervals T1, T2, T3, and T4. In T0, the RFA values of 5 × 5.5 implants were higher than values of 5 × 7 and 4 × 11.5 implants (P < 0.05). A total of six short implants that were placed in four patients were lost (three of 5 × 5.5 mm and three of 5 × 7 mm). Three lost implants started with high ISQ values, which progressively decreased. The other three lost implants started with a slightly lower ISQ value, which rose and then began to fall.ConclusionsSurvival rate of short implants after 90 days was lower than that of regular implants. However, short implants may be considered a reasonable alternative for rehabilitation of severely resorbed mandibles with reduced height, to avoid performing bone reconstruction before implant placement. Patients need to be aware of the reduced survival rate compared with regular implants before implant placement to avoid disappointments.