bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of dapoxetine hydrochloride on-demand for the treatment of men with premature ejaculation
Authors: De Hong Cao , Ren Liu Liang , Yu Huang , Qiang Wei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPremature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction. Dapoxetine hydrochloride, belonging to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or, was the first drug originally approved for the on-demand treatment of men with PE. We aimed to compare the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), patient-reported global impression of change (PGIC) and adverse effect (AE) incidence associated with the use of dapoxetine (30 mg and 60 mg) versus placebo and evaluate the differences in administering 60 mg versus 30 mg as on-demand medical oral therapy for the treatment of PE via a literature review and meta-analysis. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library) databases. Ultimately, a total of seven RCTs with 8039 patients were included. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that dapoxetine (in the 30 mg and 60 mg subgroup) resulted in significantly higher IELT, PGIC and AE incidence relative to the placebo, with higher proportions observed for 60 mg versus 30 mg of dapoxetine administration. The most common AEs were mild and tolerable. We conclude that dapoxetine (particularly the 60 mg dosage) may be considered a safe and effective drug for patients with PE.
Accounting for shifts in the frequency of suitable environments when testing for niche overlap
Authors: Godsoe William , Case Bradley S. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Organismal biologists need to detect and anticipate the effects of niche evolution. An increasing number of studies use information on changes in species’ distribution to test for niche evolution. Typically, these studies will test to see whether the range of environments occupied by a species is similar in each biogeographic region.

Niche evolution can change the occurrence probability (the frequency with which we observe a species) rather than the range of environments occupied. Using simulation, we test whether 13 previously implemented methods, and a novel approach (Expected Shared Presences), can identify shifts in occurrence probability.

We show that even the best previously implemented methods detect shifts in the range of environments occupied, but provide poor inferences for shifts in occurrence probability. The expected shared presences approach provides a strong estimate of niche evolution due to shifts in niche overlap and shifts in occurrence probability.

This work indicates that previous studies may have missed a substantial source of niche evolution. We argue that rigorous tests of niche overlap must account for shifts in both the range of environments occupied and the frequency of suitable environments.
Surgery in patients with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Mensah P. K. , Gooding R. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIt is estimated that up to 1% of the general population has a congenital bleeding disorder. With this level of disease burden, it is more likely than not that any practising surgeon or anaesthetist will, at one time or another, have occasion to manage one such patient. Congenital haemophilia, both A and B, von Willebrand's disease, and inherited qualitative platelet defects, constitute the bulk of these disorders, with the rest distributed between much rarer conditions. Although looking after such patients will continue to pose a challenge to anaesthetists, recent and continuing advances in haemostatic products, coupled with increasing awareness of haemostatic care, means that surgery in this challenging group of patients is safer now than ever before, and can now be undertaken with a degree of confidence not possible even two decades ago. Central to these recent successes has been the continuing evolution of specialised healthcare services; in particular, Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centres. Of equal importance, at least in developed countries, has been the ease of access to highly purified, safe and effective haemostatic products. The key to successful surgical management of the patient with a bleeding disorder is a multidisciplinary approach involving not only surgeons, anaesthetists and haematologists, but also laboratory scientists, specialist physiotherapists and haemophilia nurses. With careful planning, most surgical and invasive procedures can be carried out safely in persons with haemophilia and other bleeding disorders.
Laboratory monitoring of haemostasis
Authors: Fowler A. , Perry D. J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPeri‐operative coagulation monitoring should begin with the assessment of individual bleeding risk using a standardised bleeding history before the surgical procedure. Laboratory testing should be performed if this history is abnormal or peri‐operative bleeding is anticipated. This process sensitively identifies those at risk of peri‐operative bleeding and therefore minimises their peri‐operative risk, without costly and time‐consuming population testing. There are multiple potential causes of haemostatic derangement within the peri‐operative period, and an understanding of both normal haemostasis and the coagulation tests available to detect coagulopathy is required to optimise patient management. In bleeding patients, routine coagulation tests should be requested, but one should be aware of the major limitations that exist. Delay whilst waiting for these laboratory results, which, in turn, aggravates coagulopathy, bleeding, blood product requirements, length of surgery and overall morbidity and mortality.
Digestible and metabolizable energy in corn grains from different origins for growing pigs
Authors: Park Chan S. , Son Ah R. , Kil Dong Y. , Kim Beob G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in nine sources of corn grains fed to growing pigs and to compare the energy values among their countries of origin. A total of nine sources of corn grains including five sources of yellow corn from the United States (USY), two sources of yellow corn from South Africa (SAY), and two sources of white corn from South Africa (SAW) were used. Nine barrows with an initial body weight of 37.1 ± 8.6 kg were allotted to a 9 × 9 Latin square design with nine diets and nine periods. The DE concentration in SAY (3347 kcal/kg) was greater (P < 0.001) than in USY (3269 kcal/kg), but was less (P < 0.001) than in SAW (3436 kcal/kg) on an as‐fed basis. Similarly, the ME concentration in SAY (3291 kcal/kg) was greater (P < 0.001) than in USY (3209 kcal/kg), but was less (P < 0.001) than in SAW (3386 kcal/kg). In conclusion, the DE and ME concentrations in nine sources of corn grains are different among their countries of origin.
C‐Aryl Glucosides with Substituents at the Distal Aryl Ring as Sodium‐Dependent Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Xuekun , Li Ying , Yang Baowei , Li Zheng , Huang Wenlong , Qian Hai 
Published: December 2014

A series of novel C‐aryl glucosides with various substituents at the distal aryl ring have been synthesized and evaluated for hypoglycemic effect in normal and diabetic mice and in type 2 diabetic rats. The results indicated that introduction of electron‐donating group at the distal aryl ring could improve glucose tolerance in normal mice, whereas introduction of electron‐withdrawing group at this position could deteriorate. The urinary glucose excretion was significantly increased after glucose (3 g/kg) administration in normal mice with the treatment of 13c. Moreover, compound 13c could reduce fed blood glucose levels in a dose‐dependent manner in type 2 diabetic rats, showed a remarkable antihyperglycemic effect with 2 weeks of treatment in diabetic mice, and might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Geriatric dentistry content in the curriculum of the dental schools in Chile
Authors: León Soraya , Araya‐Bustos Francisca , Ettinger Ronald L. , Giacaman Rodrigo A. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify the status of pre‐doctoral geriatric dentistry education among all Chilean dental schools.BackgroundChile is one of the most rapidly ageing countries in Latin America. Consequently, specific knowledge and training on the needs of elderly populations need to be emphasised in dental schools. The current extent and methods of teaching geriatric dentistry among the dental schools in Chile are unknown.Materials and methodsA web‐based questionnaire was developed and sent to all 19 Chilean dental schools to identify which schools had a formal programme on geriatric dentistry and ask about their format, content and type of training of the faculty who taught in the programmes. Data were analysed, and a comparison was made among the schools.ResultsSixteen (84%) of the participant schools reported teaching at least some aspects of geriatric dentistry, using various methodologies, but only 7 (37%) had specific courses. Of those schools reporting a didactic content on geriatric dentistry, 71% included clinical training, either in the school's dental clinics or in an extramural service. Contents mostly included demographics of ageing, theories of ageing and medical conditions. More than half of the faculty (57%) stated that they had formal training in geriatric dentistry, 43% were trained in prosthodontics, public health or other areas.ConclusionsAlthough most dental schools taught geriatric dentistry, only some had a specific course. Most schools with formal courses followed the international curriculum guidelines for geriatric dentistry.
Mandatory notification of impaired doctors
Authors: Beran R. G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMandatory reporting of impaired doctors is compulsory in Australasia. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency guidelines for notification claim high benchmark though the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians suggest they still obstruct doctors seeking help. Western Australia excludes mandatory reporting of practitioner‐patients. This study examines reporting, consequences and international experiences with notification. Depressed doctors avoid diagnosis and treatment, fearing consequences, yet are more prone to marital problems, substance dependence and needing psychotherapy. South African research confirms isolation of impaired doctors and delayed seeking help with definable characteristics of those at risk. New Zealand data acknowledge: errors occur; questionable contribution from mandatory reporting; issues concerning competence assessment; favouring reporting to senior colleagues or self‐intervention to compliance with mandatory reporting. UK found an anaesthetist guilty of professional misconduct for not reporting and sanctioned doctors regarding Harold Shipman. Australians are reluctant to report, fearing legalistic intrusion into care. Australian research confirmed definable characteristics for doctors with psychiatric illness or alcohol abuse. Exposure to legal medicine evokes personal disenchantment for doctors involved. Medicine poses barriers for impaired doctors. Spanish and UK doctors do not use general practitioners and may have suboptimal care. US and European doctors self‐medicate using samples. US drug‐dependent doctors also prescribe for spouses. Junior doctors are losing empathy with the profession. UK doctors favour private care, avoiding public scrutiny. NZ and Brazil created specific services for doctors, which appear effective. Mandatory reporting may be counterproductive requiring reappraisal.
Prevalence of prediabetes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: impact on in‐hospital outcomes
Authors: AbuShady M. M. , Mohamady Y. , Enany B. , Nammas W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrediabetes is a serious condition that is associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.AimsWe sought to explore the prevalence of prediabetes in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who were not known to have diabetes and to determine the impact of prediabetes on in‐hospital clinical outcomes versus non‐diabetic patients.MethodsProspectively, we enrolled 200 patients not known to have diabetes or prediabetes, admitted with ACS. Laboratory tests included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐h plasma glucose (2hPG) after 75 g glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were done. The primary end‐point was in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsMean age was 50.9 ± 6.8 years (70.5% males). The prevalence of patients with diabetes and patients with prediabetes was 24.5% and 20% respectively. Newly discovered diabetic patients were excluded. Compared with patients without diabetes, prediabetic patients had a higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.002) and a longer hospital stay (P = 0.09). In‐hospital MACE occurred in 10 (25%) patients with prediabetes versus six (5.4%) in patients without diabetes (P = 0.001). In‐hospital MACE correlated with prediabetes (r = 0.28, P < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.14, P = 0.093), FPG (r = 0.19, P = 0.014), 2hPG (r = 0.19, P = 0.017) and HbA1c (r = 0.19, P = 0.019). Multivariate regression analysis identified prediabetes as the only independent predictor of in‐hospital MACE.ConclusionsPrediabetes is common in patients presenting with ACS who are not previously known to have diabetes. Prediabetic patients had worse in‐hospital clinical outcomes compared with patients without diabetes.
Annual Research Review: Growth connectomics – the organization and reorganization of brain networks during normal and abnormal development
Authors: Vértes Petra E. , Bullmore Edward T. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundWe first give a brief introduction to graph theoretical analysis and its application to the study of brain network topology or connectomics. Within this framework, we review the existing empirical data on developmental changes in brain network organization across a range of experimental modalities (including structural and functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography in humans).SynthesisWe discuss preliminary evidence and current hypotheses for how the emergence of network properties correlates with concomitant cognitive and behavioural changes associated with development. We highlight some of the technical and conceptual challenges to be addressed by future developments in this rapidly moving field. Given the parallels previously discovered between neural systems across species and over a range of spatial scales, we also review some recent advances in developmental network studies at the cellular scale. We highlight the opportunities presented by such studies and how they may complement neuroimaging in advancing our understanding of brain development. Finally, we note that many brain and mind disorders are thought to be neurodevelopmental in origin and that charting the trajectory of brain network changes associated with healthy development also sets the stage for understanding abnormal network development.ConclusionsWe therefore briefly review the clinical relevance of network metrics as potential diagnostic markers and some recent efforts in computational modelling of brain networks which might contribute to a more mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders in future.
Emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder: evidence from parent interviews and children's daily diaries
Authors: Samson Andrea C. , Wells Whitney M. , Phillips Jennifer M. , Hardan Antonio Y. , Gross James J. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAlthough emotion dysregulation is not a defining feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there is a growing consensus that emotional problems play a prominent role in this disorder.MethodsThe present study examined a wide range of emotion regulation (ER) strategies in 32 individuals with ASD compared to 31 group‐matched typically developing (TD) participants in three emotional domains (anger, anxiety, and amusement). Parents of individuals with ASD and TD individuals were interviewed about their child's emotional experience and the use and efficacy of 10 ER strategies. In addition, participants filled out daily diaries on experience and regulation in the same emotional domains.ResultsCompared to TD individuals, parents reported that individuals with ASD experienced more anger and anxiety and less amusement, made less frequent use of a variety of adaptive ER strategies (e.g. problem solving, cognitive reappraisal), and made more frequent use of maladaptive strategies (e.g. repetitive behavior). Moreover, individuals with ASD were less effective at utilizing adaptive ER strategies. Self‐reports showed differences in experience of amusement and in ER strategies for anger and anxiety, but not in experience of anger and anxiety.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that individuals with ASD less frequently use adaptive – but more frequently use maladaptive – ER strategies. Implications for ASD treatments that focus on increasing the use of adaptive strategies are discussed.
Variation in fluorosis and caries experience among Lithuanian 12 year olds exposed to more than 1 ppm F in tap water
Authors: Narbutaitė Julija , Virtanen Jorma I. , Vehkalahti Miira M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to analyze caries experience in relation to the occurrence of fluorosis in 12 year olds in a natural fluoride area.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 12‐year‐old lifetime residents (n = 301) of Klaipeda, Lithuania, where the natural fluoride content is 1.7–2.2 ppm F. Data collection included a clinical dental examination and an inquiry about toothbrushing habits. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria and described in terms of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT)/decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) indices and decayed, filled surfaces (DFS) on selected proximal surfaces. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed according to the Thylstrup–Fejerskov (TF) index and categorized as none (TF = 0), mild (TF = 1–2), moderate (TF = 3–7), or severe (TF = 8–9). The χ2‐, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression served for statistical analyses.ResultsA total of 34% of the 12 year olds studied had no signs of fluorosis, while the rest had mild (42%) or moderate (24%) fluorosis. Caries experience was negatively related to the presence of fluorosis. When present (TF > 0), the mean DMFT was 1.8 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.7) versus 2.6 (SD: 2.3) in the absence of fluorosis (TF = 0, P = 0.008). The corresponding mean DMFS values were 2.6 (SD: 3.1) versus 3.8 (SD: 4.3, P = 0.014).ConclusionThe presence of fluorosis associates with lesser caries experience in 12‐year‐old lifetime residents of an area with moderately‐elevated natural fluoride.
Playing Fair: The Contribution of High‐Functioning Recess to Overall School Climate in Low‐Income Elementary Schools
Authors: London Rebecca A. , Westrich Lisa , Stokes‐Guinan Katie , McLaughlin Milbrey 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRecess is a part of the elementary school day with strong implications for school climate. Positive school climate has been linked to a host of favorable student outcomes, from attendance to achievement. We examine 6 low‐income elementary schools' experiences implementing a recess‐based program designed to provide safe, healthy, and inclusive play to study how improving recess functioning can affect school climate.METHODSData from teacher, principal, and recess coach interviews; student focus groups; recess observations; and a teacher survey are triangulated to understand the ways that recess changed during implementation. Comparing schools that achieved higher‐ and lower‐functioning recesses, we link recess functioning with school climate.RESULTSRecess improved in all schools, but 4 of the 6 achieved a higher‐functioning recess. In these schools, teachers and principals agreed that by the end of the year, recess offered opportunities for student engagement, conflict resolution, pro‐social skill development, and emotional and physical safety. Respondents in these four schools linked these changes to improved overall school climate.CONCLUSIONSRecess is an important part of the school day for contributing to school climate. Creating a positive recess climate helps students to be engaged in meaningful play and return to class ready to learn.
Effectiveness of a school‐ and community‐based academic asthma health education program on use of effective asthma self‐care behaviors in older school‐age students
Authors: Kintner Eileen K. , Cook Gwendolyn , Marti C. Nathan , Allen April , Stoddard Debbie , Harmon Phyllis , Gomes Melissa , Meeder Linda , Van Egeren Laurie A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness ofStayingHealthy–AsthmaResponsible &Prepared, an academic asthma health education and counseling program, on fostering the use of effective asthma self‐care behaviors.Design and MethodsThis was a phaseIII, two‐group, cluster randomized, single‐blinded, longitudinal design‐guided study. Caregivers of 205 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students completed the asthma health behaviors survey at preintervention, and 1, 12, and 24 months postintervention. Analysis involved multilevel modeling.ResultsAll students demonstrated improvement in episode management, risk reduction/prevention, and health promotion behaviors;StayingHealthy–AsthmaResponsible &Prepared students demonstrated increased improvement in episode management and risk reduction/prevention behaviors.Practice ImplicationsWorking with schoolteachers, nurses can improve the use of effective asthma self‐care behaviors.
The indole derivative NecroX‐7 improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in ob/ob mice through suppression of mitochondrial ROS/RNS and inflammation
Authors: Chung Hyo Kyun , Kim Yong Kyung , Park Ji‐Hoon , Ryu Min Jeong , Chang Joon Young , Hwang Jung Hwan , Lee Chul‐Ho , Kim Soon‐Ha , Kim Hyun Jin , Kweon Gi Ryang , Kim Koon Soon , Shong Minho 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play key roles in the development of the disease. However, the therapeutic target of NASH has not been fully defined and new treatments are needed. We investigated the protective effects of the antioxidant indole‐derived NecroX‐7 in a NASH mouse model using leptin‐deficient ob/ob and methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet‐fed ob/ob mice.MethodsSix‐week‐old male mice were divided into three groups: ob/+ mice, ob/ob mice treated with vehicle and ob/ob mice treated daily with NecroX‐7 (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. To study the effects of NecroX‐7 in a fibrosis model, NASH was induced by feeding ob/ob mice an MCD diet. The effects of NecroX‐7 on NASH progression were evaluated using biochemical, histological and molecular markers.ResultsNecroX‐7‐treated ob/ob mice had a marked decrease in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase compared with vehicle‐treated controls. Interestingly, hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation were significantly improved by NecroX‐7 treatment. NecroX‐7 inhibited tert‐butylhydroperoxide‐ and H2O2‐induced mitochondrial ROS/RNS in primary hepatocytes and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, NecroX‐7‐treated mice exhibited fewer infiltrating macrophages and reduced hepatic tumour necrosis factor‐alpha expression. Hepatic fibrosis in MCD‐fed ob/ob mice was significantly decreased by NecroX‐7 treatment.ConclusionsNecroX‐7 treatment improved hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in murine NASH models. These effects occurred through the suppression of whole‐cell ROS/RNS and inflammatory responses and suggest that NecroX‐7 has a potential therapeutic benefit in steatohepatitis.