bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis syndrome in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review
Authors: Cuestas Daniel , Gómez Alexa , Neri Morales Constanza , Motta Adriana , Rolon Mariam , Suarez Samanda , Polo Rosa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCongenital epidermodysplasia verruciformis (CEV) is a Genodermatosis linked to different inheritance patterns and mutations of the EVER1/TMC6 and EVER2/TMC8 genes. There is an acquired form (AEV) associated with immunodeficiency states, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, the literature about AEV is limited and imprecise, so a systematic review was performed. A search of the main databases from 1975 to 2021 identified 126 studies, of which 80 met the inclusion criteria. The diagnosis of AEV is complex due to atypical manifestations and locations, it requires a mean follow-up of 7 years, and the lesions do not change with ART therapy, CD4 count, or viral load. Histopathological findings are variable depending on the location of the lesions. HPV 5 remains the serotype most frequently associated with AEV and CEV, although HPV 20 is more frequent than HPV 8 in AEV. Most treatments have low efficacy, the most described are glycolic acid 15%, 5-fluorouracil 5%, imiquimod 5%, and topical retinoids all of them in monotherapy or combined with cryotherapy. Other alternatives include topical cidofovir and systemic retinoids with variable results. The oncologic prognosis is still inconclusive; however, the development of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are frankly lower concerning CEV. This review opens new opportunities for future research. Additionally, we provide clear and useful key points for the practice of dermatologists and all professionals treating HIV patients around the world.
Esketamine in depression: putative biomarkers from clinical research
Authors: Johnston Jenessa N. , Zarate Carlos A. , Kvarta Mark D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe discovery of racemic (R, S)-ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant and the subsequent FDA approval of its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are significant advances in the development of novel neuropsychiatric therapeutics. Esketamine is now recognized as a powerful tool for addressing persistent symptoms of TRD compared to traditional oral antidepressants. However, research on biomarkers associated with antidepressant response to esketamine has remained sparse and, to date, has been largely extrapolated from racemic ketamine studies. Genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles suggest that inflammation and mitochondrial function may play a role in esketamine’s antidepressant effects, though these preliminary results require verification. In addition, neuroimaging research has consistently implicated the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and anterior cingulate cortex in esketamine’s effects. Esketamine also shows promise in perioperative settings for reducing depression and anxiety, and these effects appear to correlate with increased peripheral biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin. Further indications are likely to be identified with the continued repurposing of racemic ketamine, providing further opportunity for biomarker study and mechanistic understanding of therapeutic effects. Novel methodologies and well-designed biomarker-focused clinical research trials are needed to more clearly elucidate esketamine’s therapeutic actions as well as biologically identify those most likely to benefit from this agent, allowing for the improved personalization of antidepressant treatment.
Patients with complex and very-early-onset ATL1-related spastic paraplegia offer insights on genotype/phenotype correlations and support for autosomal recessive forms of SPG3A
Authors: Hamamie-Chaar Angélique , Renaud Mathilde , Gençpinar Pinar , Bruel Ange-Line , Philippe Christophe , Maraval Julien , Racine Caroline , Hadouiri Nawale , Lambert Laetitia , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Banneau Guillaume , Hocquel Armand , Thauvin-Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence , Thomas Quentin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpastic paraplegia type 3A (SPG3A) is the second most common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This autosomal-dominant-inherited motor disorder is caused by heterozygous variants in the ATL1 gene which usually presents as a pure childhood-onset spastic paraplegia. Affected individuals present muscle weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs, with symptom onset in the first decade of life. Individuals with SPG3A typically present a slow progression and remain ambulatory throughout their life. Here we report three unrelated individuals presenting with very-early-onset (before 7 months) complex, and severe HSP phenotypes (axial hypotonia, spastic quadriplegia, dystonia, seizures and intellectual disability). For 2 of the 3 patients, these phenotypes led to the initial diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). These individuals carried novel ATL1 pathogenic variants (a de novo ATL1 missense p.(Lys406Glu), a homozygous frameshift p.(Arg403Glufs*3) and a homozygous missense variant (p.Tyr367His)). The parents carrying the heterozygous frameshift and missense variants were asymptomatic. Through these observations, we increase the knowledge on genotype–phenotype correlations in SPG3A and offer additional proof for possible autosomal recessive forms of SPG3A, while raising awareness on these exceptional phenotypes. Their ability to mimic CP also implies that genetic testing should be considered for patients with atypical forms of CP, given the implications for genetic counseling.
Phase transition for the smallest eigenvalue of covariance matrices
Authors: Bao Zhigang , Lee Jaehun , Xu Xiaocong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the smallest non-zero eigenvalue of the sample covariance matrices $$\mathcal {S}(Y)=YY^*$$

S

(
Y
)

=
Y

Y
∗

, where $$Y=(y_{ij})$$

Y
=
(

y

ij

)

is an $$M\times N$$

M
×
N

matrix with iid mean 0 variance $$N^{-1}$$

N

-
1

entries. We consider the regime $$M=M(N)$$

M
=
M
(
N
)

and $$M/N\rightarrow c_\infty \in \mathbb {R}{\setminus } \{1\}$$

M
/
N
→

c
∞

∈
R
\

{
1
}

as $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

. It is known that for the extreme eigenvalues of Wigner matrices and the largest eigenvalue of $$\mathcal {S}(Y)$$

S
(
Y
)

, a weak 4th moment condition is necessary and sufficient for the Tracy–Widom law (Ding and Yang in Ann Appl Probab 28(3):1679–1738, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1214/17-AAP1341; Lee and Yin in Duke Math J 163(1):117–173, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1215/00127094-2414767). In this paper, we show that the Tracy–Widom law is more robust for the smallest eigenvalue of $$\mathcal {S}(Y)$$

S
(
Y
)

, by discovering a phase transition induced by the fatness of the tail of $$y_{ij}$$

y

ij

’s. More specifically, we assume that $$y_{ij}$$

y

ij

is symmetrically distributed with tail probability $$\mathbb {P}(|\sqrt{N}y_{ij}|\ge x)\sim x^{-\alpha }$$

P
(
|

N

y

ij

|
≥
x
)

∼

x

-
α

when $$x\rightarrow \infty $$

x
→
∞

, for some $$\alpha \in (2,4)$$

α
∈
(
2
,
4
)

. We show the following conclusions: (1) When $$\alpha >\frac{8}{3}$$

α
>

8
3

, the smallest eigenvalue follows the Tracy–Widom law on scale $$N^{-\frac{2}{3}}$$

N

-

2
3

; (2) When $$2<\alpha <\frac{8}{3}$$

2
<
α
<

8
3

, the smallest eigenvalue follows the Gaussian law on scale $$N^{-\frac{\alpha }{4}}$$

N

-

α
4

; (3) When $$\alpha =\frac{8}{3}$$

α
=

8
3

, the distribution is given by an interpolation between Tracy–Widom and Gaussian; (4) In case $$\alpha \le \frac{10}{3}$$

α
≤

10
3

, in addition to the left edge of the MP law, a deterministic shift of order $$N^{1-\frac{\alpha }{2}}$$

N

1
-

α
2

shall be subtracted from the smallest eigenvalue, in both the Tracy–Widom law and the Gaussian law. Overall speaking, our proof strategy is inspired by Aggarwal et al. (J Eur Math Soc 23(11):3707–3800, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4171/jems/1089) which is originally done for the bulk regime of the Lévy Wigner matrices. In addition to various technical complications arising from the bulk-to-edge extension, two ingredients are needed for our derivation: an intermediate left edge local law based on a simple but effective matrix minor argument, and a mesoscopic CLT for the linear spectral statistic with asymptotic expansion for its expectation.
Enhancing OCT patch-based segmentation with improved GAN data augmentation and semi-supervised learning
Authors: Kugelman Jason , Alonso-Caneiro David , Read Scott A. , Vincent Stephen J. , Collins Michael J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor optimum performance, deep learning methods, such as those applied for retinal and choroidal layer segmentation in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, require sufficiently large and diverse labelled datasets for training. However, the acquisition and labelling of such data can be difficult or infeasible due to privacy reasons (particularly in the medical domain), accessing patient images such as those with specific pathologies, and the cost and time investment to annotate large volumes of data by clinical experts. Data augmentation is one solution to address this issue, either using simple variations and transformations of the images (e.g. flips, brightness) or using synthetic data from sophisticated generative methods such as generative adversarial networks (GANs). Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is another technique which aims to utilise unlabelled data to enhance the performance of deep learning methods and is beneficial where significant amounts of data may be available but are not labelled. In this study, we aim to enhance patch-based OCT retinal and choroidal layer segmentation with both GAN-based data augmentation and SSL. In particular, we employ a conditional StyleGAN2 to generate synthetic patches for data augmentation and a similar unconditional GAN for pre-training the patch classifier to perform SSL. In doing so, we propose a new patch classifier architecture based on the discriminator architecture to improve performance, in addition to the SSL benefit. Compared to previous methods, the proposed data augmentation approach provides an improved data augmentation performance for patch classification with its effectiveness widespread, particularly in the case of low data, across three different OCT datasets encompassing a range of scanning parameters, noise levels, pathology and participant variability. The method provides some subsequent improvements in boundary delineation which is of high importance from a clinical perspective. Additionally, the proposed SSL approach boosts classification performance and boundary delineation performance in some cases which provides further usefulness in the case of low data. The proposed methods can be utilised to enhance OCT segmentation methods, which may be of considerable benefit for both clinicians and researchers.
Biological interaction, esthetics, handling, and loss rate of temporary luting cements — a clinical single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Günther Elena , Hahnel Sebastian , Schrock Annett , Schierz Oliver , Wolter Sophia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate three temporary luting cements in terms of their restoration loss rates, biological interactions, esthetic properties, and handling characteristics.

Materials and methods
75 adults requiring fixed prosthodontics voluntarily participated in a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. After preparation, temporary restorations were luted with a randomly selected temporary luting cement (either Provicol QM Plus (PQP), Bifix Temp (BT), or Provicol QM Aesthetic (PQA)). Clinical examinations were performed one to two weeks after cementation. The following criteria were evaluated: tooth vitality, percussion, hypersensitivity, gingival bleeding, odor formation, esthetics, cement handling, removability, cleanability, and retention loss. Antagonistic teeth served as controls. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, where appropriate.

Results
The overall loss rate of temporary restorations was 16.0%, showing no cement-specific differences. Postoperative hypersensitivity occurred in 8% of cases regardless of cement type. Esthetic impairment was reported by 31% of the PQP-fixed restorations, compared with 4.0% and 4.2% of the BT and PQA-bonded restorations. Cement application was reported to be easy in 100% of cases, excess removal in 88–96%, depending on the cement used.

Conclusions
The choice of luting material affects the esthetic appearance of a temporary restoration and should be considered, particularly in restorations in esthetically demanding areas. No significant differences between the cements were identified regarding biocompatibility, handling, and loss rate.

Clinical relevance
Translucent cements can help to reduce color interferences, resulting in a more appealing appearance of the temporary restoration.
On the identity of two solution algorithms of the ‘improved normalized squared differences’ matrix adjustment model
Authors: Revesz Tamas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The paper is a supplement for an article recently published in this journal. That paper proved that if the sign-preservation requirement is dropped then the solution of the so-called improved normalized squared differences (INSD) two-directional matrix adjustment model is the same as the result of the ‘additive correction iteration algorithm’ which the author has been using successfully for decades. It also argued that if the sign-preservation requirement is dropped then the iteration procedure suggested by the authors of the INSD-model boils down to the same algorithm. Since the formal proof of this statement was not available at the time, in this paper the author duly publishes the three-and-a-half pages long proof he elaborated. In the conclusion the merit of this and similar, yet barely rigorously analysed iteration algorithms and the possible useful extensions are also outlined.
Serum secretoneurin as a promising biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in intracerebral hemorrhage: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Xutong , Shan Hao , Wang Zefan , Wang Yucheng , Yan Tian , Chen Ziyin , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
Secretoneurin may play a brain-protective role. We aim to discover the relationship between serum secretoneurin levels and severity plus neurological outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, serum secretoneurin levels were measured in 110 ICH patients and 110 healthy controls. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and hematoma volume were used to assess stroke severity. Poor prognosis was defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores of 1–3 at 90 days after ICH. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to determine independent correlation of serum secretoneurin levels with severity and poor prognosis. Under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, prognostic ability of serum secretoneurin levels was assessed. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) model and subgroups analysis were used for discovering association of serum secretoneurin levels with risk of poor prognosis. Calibration curve and decision curve were evaluated to confirm performance of nomogram.

Results
Serum secretoneurin levels of patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. Serum secretoneurin levels of patients were independently correlated with GCS scores and hematoma volume. There were 42 patients with poor prognosis at 90 days following ICH. Serum secretoneurin levels were significantly higher in patients with poor outcome than in those with good outcome. Under the ROC curve, serum secretoneurin levels significantly differentiated poor outcome. Serum secretoneurin levels ≥ 22.8 ng/mL distinguished patients at risk of poor prognosis at 90 days with a sensitivity of 66.2% and a specificity of 81.0%. Besides, serum secretoneurin levels independently predicted a 90-day poor prognosis. Subgroup analysis showed that serum secretoneurin levels had non-significant interactions with other variables. The nomogram, including independent prognostic predictors, showed reliable prognosis capability using calibration curve and decision curve. Area under the curve of the predictive model was significantly higher than those of GCS scores and hematoma volume.

Conclusion
Serum secretoneurin levels are strongly related to ICH severity and poor prognosis at 90 days after ICH. Thus, serum secretoneurin may be a promising prognostic biomarker in ICH.
Re-administration of platinum-based chemotherapy for recurrent endometrial cancer: an ancillary analysis of the SGSG-012/GOTIC-004/Intergroup study
Authors: Nagao Shoji , Nishio Shin , Takehara Kazuhiro , Sato Shinya , Satoh Toyomi , Shimada Muneaki , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Tanabe Hiroshi , Takano Masashi , Horie Kouji , Takei Yuji , Imai Yuichi , Hibino Yumi , Hasegawa Kosei , Takekuma Munetaka , Nakamura Kazuto , Takano Hirokuni , Fujiwara Keiichi , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe previously demonstrated the applicability of the concept of “platinum sensitivity” in recurrent endometrial cancer. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have been widely incorporated into endometrial cancer treatment, the debate continues regarding treatment options in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer who have previously received platinum-based chemotherapy. In this study, we assessed the duration of response to secondary platinum-based treatment using pooled data from the SGSG-012/GOTIC-004/Intergroup study.MethodsAmong the 279 participants in the SGSG-012/GOTIC-004/Intergroup study wherein platinum-based chemotherapy was re-administered for managing recurrent endometrial cancer between January 2005 and December 2009, 130 (47%) responded to chemotherapy. We compared the relationship between platinum-free interval and duration of secondary platinum-based treatment using pooled data.ResultsIn 40 patients (31%), the duration of response to secondary platinum-based treatment exceeded the platinum-free interval. The duration of response to secondary platinum-based treatment exceeded 12 months in 51 patients (39%) [platinum-free interval: < 12 months, 14/48 (29%); 12–23 months, 18/43 (42%); 24–35 months, 8/19 (42%); ≥ 36 months, 11/20 (55%)]. In particular, in eight patients (6%), the duration of response to secondary platinum-based treatment exceeded 36 months [platinum-free interval: < 12 months, 3/48 (6%); 12–23 months, 0/19 (0%); 24–35 months, 2/19 (11%); ≥ 36 months, 3/20 (15%)].ConclusionsRe-administration of platinum-based chemotherapy for recurrent endometrial cancer may result in a long-term response exceeding the platinum-free interval in some patients. Even in the current situation, where immune checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced, re-administration of platinum-based chemotherapy is worth considering.
A review of the genetic background in complicated WT1-related disorders
Authors: Nagano China , Nozu Kandai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene was first identified in 1990 as a strong candidate for conferring a predisposition to Wilms tumor. The WT1 protein has four zinc finger structures (DNA binding domain) at the C-terminus, which bind to transcriptional regulatory sequences on DNA, and acts as a transcription factor. WT1 is expressed during kidney development and regulates differentiation, and is also expressed in glomerular epithelial cells after birth to maintain the structure of podocytes. WT1-related disorders are a group of conditions associated with an aberrant or absent copy of the WT1 gene. This group of conditions encompasses a wide phenotypic spectrum that includes Denys–Drash syndrome (DDS), Frasier syndrome (FS), Wilms–aniridia–genitourinary–mental retardation syndrome, and isolated manifestations of nephropathy or Wilms tumor. The genotype–phenotype correlation is becoming clearer: patients with missense variants in DNA binding sites including C2H2 sites manifest DDS and develop early-onset and rapidly developing end-stage kidney disease. A deeper understanding of the genotype–phenotype correlation has also been obtained in DDS, but no such correlation has been observed in FS. The incidence of Wilms tumor is higher in patients with DDS and exon-truncating variants than in those with non-truncating variants. Here, we briefly describe the genetic background of this highly complicated WT1-related disorders.
Interactional competencies in medical student admission– what makes a “good medical doctor”?
Authors: Fleck Leonie , Amelung Dorothee , Fuchs Anna , Mayer Benjamin , Escher Malvin , Listunova Lena , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik , Möltner Andreas , Schütte Clara , Wittenberg Tim , Schneider Isabella , Herpertz Sabine C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDoctors’ interactional competencies play a crucial role in patient satisfaction, well-being, and compliance. Accordingly, it is in medical schools’ interest to select candidates with strong interactional abilities. While Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) provide a useful context to assess such abilities, the evaluation of candidate performance during MMIs is not always based on a solid theoretical framework. The newly developed selection procedure “Interactional Competencies – Medical Doctors (IC-MD)” uses an MMI circuit with five simulation patient scenarios and is rated based on the theoretically and empirically grounded construct of emotional availability. A first validation study with N = 70 first-semester medical students took place in 2021. In terms of convergent validity, IC-MD ratings showed strong correlations with simulation patients’ satisfaction with the encounter (r =.57) but no association with emotional intelligence measures. IC-MD ratings were not related to high school performance or a cognitive student aptitude test, indicating divergent validity. Inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.63) and generalizability (Eρ2 = 0.64) were satisfactory. The IC-MD proved to be fair regarding participants’ age and gender. Participants with prior work experience in healthcare outperformed those without such experience. Participant acceptance of the procedure were good. The IC-MD is a promising selection procedure capable of assessing interactional competencies relevant to the medical setting. Measures of interactional competencies can complement the use of cognitive selection criteria in medical student admission. The predictive validity of the IC-MD needs to be addressed in future studies.
Topology optimization of chiral metamaterials with application to underwater sound insulation
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhao Honggang , Wang Yang , Zhong Jie , Yu Dianlong , Wen Jihong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChiral metamaterials have been proven to possess many appealing mechanical phenomena, such as negative Poisson’s ratio, high-impact resistance, and energy absorption. This work extends the applications of chiral metamaterials to underwater sound insulation. Various chiral metamaterials with low acoustic impedance and proper stiffness are inversely designed using the topology optimization scheme. Low acoustic impedance enables the metamaterials to have a high and broadband sound transmission loss (STL), while proper stiffness guarantees its robust acoustic performance under a hydrostatic pressure. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, two specimens are fabricated and tested in a water-filled impedance tube. Experimental results show that, on average, over 95% incident sound energy can be isolated by the specimens in a broad frequency range from 1 kHz to 5 kHz, while the sound insulation performance keeps stable under a certain hydrostatic pressure. This work may provide new insights for chiral metamaterials into the underwater applications with sound insulation.