bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Exercise Profile
Authors: CHERASKIN E. , RINGSDORF W. M. , MICHAEL D. W. , HICKS B. S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed in approximately 700 members of the health professions. It was found that although the diets of both exercisers and nonexercisers contained about the same number of calories, there was a great difference in the proportions of nutrients involved in these calories. For the exercisers, the intake of every vitamin, mineral and amino acid studied exceeded that for the nonexercisers, and many of the differences were statistically significant. Since these nutrients are classified as resistance agents because they decrease the likelihood of disease, the dietary pattern adopted by these exercisers should be encouraged. The nonexercisers consumed more refined carbohydrates than did the exercisers; the difference was highly significant statistically. Since refined carbohydrates are classified as susceptibility agents because they enhance the possibility of disease, the dietary pattern adopted by these nonexercisers is to be avoided.Diet and exercise, either independently or together, affect emotional health. A poor nutrient intake and lack of exercise are susceptibility factors which diminish mental health, whereas a good nutrient intake and exercise are resistance factors which promote mental health.
Some Notes on Disorganized Joints
Authors: Howell Trevor H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDisorganized joints seem to have become more common in recent years among patients in geriatric units. Most of the affected patients have either chronic rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthrosis. Descriptions are given of subluxated shoulders, perforated elbows, wandering hips, and disorganized knees.
Treatment Patterns in Psychiatry: Clinical and Personality Features of Elderly Hospitalized Patients during Milieu, Single‐Drug and Multiple‐Drug Programs
Authors: FRACCHIA JOHN , SHEPPARD CHARLES , MERLIS SIDNEY 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Psychologic tests and psychiatric ratings for 90 elderly long‐term psychiatric patients showed that those who were treated psychopharmacologically (one or more psychotropic drugs) had personality profiles indicative of less control of impulses and less anxiety binding than did those who received milieu (no‐drug) therapy. Since the three groups of elderly patients tested (no‐drug, one‐drug, multiple‐drugs) did not differ significantly from one another on all measures of intellectual functioning, emotional characteristics and individual psychiatric symptoms, it appears that treatment modes may be mediated more on the basis of reactive personality features than on the basis of clinical differences in basic pathology. Thus, although the patients treated with a single drug or multiple drugs did not manifest different symptom profiles qualitatively or quantitatively, when compared to patients who received no drugs they made their symptoms more apparent to the staff.
Calcium Metabolism in Elderly Epileptic Patients during Anticonvulsant Therapy
Authors: RAY ASWINI K. , RAO DODDA B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Because several investigators have observed hypocalcemia and rickets or osteomalacia in epileptic children and adults who receive anticonvulsant drugs, the authors studied 36 elderly epileptic patients who were being treated with 100 mg of diphenylhydantoin and 30 mg of phenobarbital three times daily for periods ranging from six weeks to ten years. In none of the 36 patients did hypocalcemia develop. Serum phosphorus levels remained within normal limits, but alkaline phosphatase activity was slightly increased in 42 per cent of the cases. It is concluded that hypocalcemia and osteomalacia, if they do develop, are extremely rare in elderly epileptic patients who receive anticonvulsant therapy for short or long periods. In more than 90 per cent of such elderly patients a primary cause for the seizure disorder is obvious, and in more than two‐thirds of them the cause is cerebrovascular disease.
Purposeful Activity Increased on a Geriatric Ward through Programmed Recreation*
Authors: QUILITCH H. ROBERT 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Of 43 residents in a hospital geriatric ward for regressed and disabled persons, only 3 were found to engage in some purposeful daily activity; the rest were relatively inactive. Under a regimen of programmed activities (e.g., bingo games) for one hour each afternoon, the daily average number of residents engaged in purposeful behavior rose to 13, but dropped to 3 again when the daily activities were discontinued. The program generated considerable staff enthusiasm and increased the likelihood of the use of similar activity programs on other hospital wards.
Heat Production and Senescence
Authors: CALLOWAY N. O. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:The decline in animal heat production begins near conception and is continuous throughout life. The rate of decline varies with each species of homeothermic animal. The fixed minimum of heat production reached near senescent death is independent of the species and appears to be a constant value of approximately 20 calories per kilogram per day. The identical equation with different constants describes this behavior for various homeothermic species.
Long‐Term Oral Administration of Probucol [4, 4‘‐(Isopropylidenedithio) bis (2, 6‐di‐t‐Butylphenol)] (DH‐581) in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia*
Authors: HARRIS ROBERT S. , GILMORE HUGH R. , BRICKER LEE A. , KIEM IRIS M. , RUBIN EDWARD 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Fifty patients who received a new hypocholesterolemic agent, probucol, in a dosage of 0.5 gm twice daily, were studied for one year. Mean pretreatment serum cholesterol and triglyceride values were 329 mg/100 ml and 360 mg/100 ml respectively. Baseline lipoprotein electrophoreses showed 17 Fredrickson phenotypic patterns of type 2, 6 of type 3, 10 of type 4, 3 of type 5, and 14 non‐definitive patterns. After twelve months of treatment with probucol, the mean serum cholesterol level was 263 mg/100 ml (a minus 20 per cent change) and the mean triglyceride level was 293 mg/100 ml (a minus 19 per cent change) for all patients. The median baseline cholesterol level was 311 mg/100 ml and the median cholesterol value during twelve months of therapy was 252 mg/100 ml, a reduction of 19 per cent. The median baseline triglyceride level was 174 mg/100 ml and the median triglyceride value during twelve months of therapy was 147 mg/100 ml, a reduction of 16 per cent. Significant changes were noted in the serum lipoprotein patterns; the majority of type 2 and type 3 changed to the non‐definitive pattern, but the majority of type 4 and type 5 remained unchanged. Seven patients had xanthelasmas, but all these lesions decreased in size and 3 lesions disappeared during probucol therapy. Side effects were minimal. About a third of the patients had mild transient flatulence or slight transient eosinophilia. There was no effect on prothrombin time.Probucol appears to be a safe and effective hypolipidemic agent. It can also induce changes in serum lipoprotein patterns and markedly reduce the size of xanthelasmas.
Adequate Hospital Care for the Aged*
Authors: DORSEY FREDERICK G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:Adequate hospital care for the aged is dependent upon an understanding of the part it plays in comprehensive health care. The older patient and his physician must expect help and benefit. The difference in hospital care for the aged versus the middle‐aged is mostly a matter of degree. For example, elementary nursing care to prevent contractures, atrophy of muscles, and deterioration of body functions is more important for the aged. Standards for the care of heart disease and stroke have been established recently and will contribute greatly to the understanding of adequate care for the aged.
Werner's Syndrome: Autopsy Report of One Case, with a Review of Pathologic Findings Reported in the Literature
Authors: Ishii Toshiharu , Hosoda Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe autopsy findings in a 29‐year‐old male with Werner's syndrome are presented, with a review of similar data on 17 autopsy cases reported in the literature. The pathologic findings in this new case were scleroderma‐like skin atrophy, arteriosclerosis, and atrophy of the endocrine glands (including the genital organs). In the reported cases of Werner's syndrome, as in the present example, the authors were unable to identify any responsible organ or system. However, they suggest that connective tissue, widely distributed throughout the entire body, may play an important role. The possible abnormal metabolism of connective tissue in Werner's syndrome deserves further study.
Correlates of the Echocardiographic Waves of the Mitral Valve in Normal Subjects of Various Ages
Authors: Luisada A. A. , Watanabe K. , Bhat P. K. , Rao D. B. , Knighten V. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA cardiographic study was performed on 71 subjects including 14 children, 42 young and middle‐aged adults, and 15 old persons without evidence of heart disease. The echocardiogram of the mitral valve was recorded in the A mode by an analog method and was compared with the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, apex cardiogram, and carotid and jugular tracings, simultaneously obtained. The intervals between the various waves recorded by these methods were measured and the results were compared with those reported in the literature. A comparison of the duration of the intervals in the various age groups showed statistically significant differences. In particular, the intervals between the second heart sound and the peak of the E‐wave and the E‐F interval in the echogram were longer in adults than in children and also longer in old persons than in younger adults. This important age difference should always be taken into account before attributing any echocardiographic deviations to disease.
A Small Pliable Humidity Sensor, with Special Reference to the Prevention of Decubitus Ulcers
Authors: Trandel Richard S. , Lewis David W. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn an investigation of some of the external causes of decubitus ulcer, a small flexible sensor has been developed as a clinical device to measure the relative humidity (RH) of the environment between the patient and the surface on which he lies. The sensor (described in detail) can indicate RH in the range of 20 to 90 per cent by a color‐matching method (chemically impregnated circles); accuracy is within 5 to 10 per cent. In a preliminary study on 28 patients, the readings showed that RH was higher in the sacral region than in the scapular region, and higher for patients who were inactive than for those who were active. The device was well accepted by both patients and nurses.
Medical Experimentation in the Elderly
Authors: Bernstein Joel E. , Nelson F. Kirk 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTParticipation in human experimental research constitutes a major problem for the geriatric subject. Because there is a high incidence of noncontagious disease in the elderly, they are the group most useful for the study of new therapeutic agents or procedures. However, normal aging processes, often coupled with disease of the central nervous system, render elderly persons less able to comprehend the nature and risks of such studies. These factors permit easy exploitation of geriatric subjects in medical experimentation, with possible exposure to a significant risk of serious drug reactions and unnecessary hospitalization. Recent federal regulations have given “special protections” to children, prisoners and the mentally infirm in experimental research, to guard against abuse of their human rights. A basic requirement is that informed consent be carefully obtained and documented. Such “special protections” should now be extended to geriatric subjects so that there will be no further exploitation in the course of valid clinical research.
Effects of A Procaine Preparation (Gerovital H3) in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients: A Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Zwerling Israel , Plutchik Robert , Hotz Margaret , Kling Ruth , Rubin Leo , Grossman Joel , Siegel Barbara 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe effects of Gerovital H3 (a specially stabilized form of procaine hydrochloride) on geriatric psychiatric patients were assessed in a double‐blind study at Bronx State Hospital. The mean age of the subjects was 73 years and the average rating for the severity of organic symptoms was “moderate.” During the first six weeks of study, the patients were each given a 5‐ml injection of either Gerovital or placebo (saline) intramuscularly three times a week. This dosage was doubled to 10 ml per injection during the second six weeks. Nine Gerovital and 10 control subjects completed the first six weeks; and 6 Gerovital and 7 control subjects completed the entire 12‐week study. Objective rating scales were used to evaluate patients on measures of interpersonal functioning, cognitive ability, psychiatric symptoms, and urine and blood chemical findings. All subjects were assessed before treatment and at six weeks and twelve weeks of the study. Side effects were recorded at two‐week intervals.On most measures the variability between subjects was quite large, whereas differences between average scores for the two groups usually were small The few significant differences showed no systematic pattern and would be expected to occur by chance alone when so many statistical comparisons are made. The overall results of this double‐blind study strongly indicated that, among these hospitalized geriatric patients with organic symptoms, Gerovital H3 had no ameliorative effect on either psychologic or physiologic functioning.
The Course of Life for Old People†
Authors: Wolk Robert L. , Reingold Jacob 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTVarious aspects of institutional living for old people are discussed, particularly the imposition of a lifestyle completely foreign to their previous way of existence. Old people who have been living in one manner for about seventy years cannot be expected to adjust readily to another rhythm. The clash of lifestyles creates maladaptive behavior and adjustment problems that have not been adequately studied. Suggestions are made for approaches to resolve these difficulties. In essence, the techniques include reprogramming of institutional living for old people so that they have an opportunity to maintain their customary lifestyle. Examples of such programming are presented.
The Autopsy in Geriatrics†
Authors: Freeman Joseph T. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe marked decline in the autopsy rate is a serious matter that is not receiving enough attention in the present medical system. Before 1940, a high rate of postmortem examinations was a mark of distinction for a hospital and the findings contributed greatly to our knowledge of disease. This should continue. In geriatrics, a valuable goal is the differentiation of pathologic processes from the process of aging. One outstanding factor in the neglect of the autopsy is the cost to the hospital or other institution; moreover, the cost is not reimbursable by third‐party insurance payers. The Pathology Resource Center is proposed as a solution for the problem. Regional autopsy centers could serve the surrounding institutions with greater competence and economy. Medicine should no longer be restricted regarding the valuable contributions to knowledge provided by autopsy findings.
The Pathologist and the Geriatric Autopsy†
Authors: Hofman Walter I. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn the past forty years the autopsy rate in many large institutions has fallen drastically to a level of only 20–25 per cent. The large number of diagnostic errors revealed in autopsy records is in itself a cogent reason for a return to higher standards. The inhibitory effect of high cost would be modified by the use of central regional pathology services and by reimbursement from third‐party insurance carriers. The end‐result would be a higher quality of medical care for all patients, not excepting those in the geriatric age group.
Haloperidol Parenterally for Treatment of Vomiting and Nausea from Gastrointestinal Disorders in a Group of Geriatric Patients: Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Robbins E. Lee , Nagel J. David 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTwenty‐eight geriatric residents of a nursing home participated in a double‐blind study to compare the 12‐hour therapeutic effectiveness of a single intramuscular injection (1.0 mg) of haloperidol with that of placebo for the relief of vomiting and nausea due to gastrointestinal disorders. Significantly fewer episodes of vomiting occurred in the haloperidol group than in the placebo group. Nausea also was less frequent in the haloperidol group. After four hours, symptoms recurred much more often in the placebo group. Global evaluations showed that a significantly greater number of haloperidol patients inproved markedly than did those given placebo. There were no clincially significant changes in vital signs throughout the study in the haloperidol group. In 1 placebo patient the pulse rate was significantly increased; otherwise no adverse reactions were reported for this group. Thus, in a nursing‐home population of geriatric patients who experienced vomiting and nausea due to gastrointestinal disorders, haloperidol administered parenterally proved to be a safe and highly effective antiemetic agent.
Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Care Program for Stroke Patients in a Day Care Center†
Authors: Oster Claude , Kibat Wendy H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWith funds received by the Rehabilitation Center at Martin Place Hospital East from the Michigan Association of Regional Medical Programs, a Rehabilitation Day Care Center was established. Initially it was called the Stroke Day Care Center (SDCC). Its purpose was to provide comprehensive care to patients with disabilities due to stroke and related diseases according to the “day at the hospital, night at home” concept. A complex of medical and allied services was furnished, based upon the patient's attendance at the SDCC from one to five days a week. The goal was to promote for the patient an earlier return of functional, vocational, social and home activities by effectively providing him and his family with multidisciplinary care. In this SDCC program the main emphasis was on testing the feasibility of lowering the cost of stroke‐patient care by: a) shortening the hospital stay; b) reducing the need for in‐patient care in facilities for non‐acute illness; c) shortening the stay in extended care facilities; d) returning younger stroke victims earlier to the labor force; e) identifying the number of stroke patients who could live at home if provided with a modified day care program; and f) assessing the need for purely recreational and social activities in future programs. The evaluation was based on a comprehensive study of 108 patients during the period February 1972 to June 1973. This project is offered as a model for the development and expansion of rehabilitation‐recreation day care centers for the handicapped of all ages.
Hyperlipidemia and Its Significance in the Aged Population†
Authors: Woldow Asher 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTStarting in childhood, blood lipid levels rise progressively with each ten‐year period until age 70, when cholesterol and triglyceride levels begin to stabilize and then decline. By age 80 there is a precipitous drop to approximately the values noted in persons of the 20–30 age group. Data on 195 residents of a geriatric center are included. Despite the lower average lipid levels, 30 per cent of the elderly show some lipid abnormality. There is a definite increase in the risk of death from coronary artery disease in hyperlipidemic persons as compared to those who are normolipidemic, even during the eighth and ninth age decades. Hyperlipidemia appears to be a significant risk in the elderly, as in persons of any age, and should be treated accordingly.
Sex in Geriatrics: Myth or Miracle?
Authors: West Norman D. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFor many younger people, what is currently referred to as “sex,” is regarded as literally a monopoly within their group. According to their way of thinking, sexual activity diminishes after age 50 and ceases after age 60. Older people become the butt of many cruel jokes about the status of their sexual prowess; if some of them report sexual interest they are liable to be labeled “dirty old men” (or women). A 12‐year experience in working with geriatric residents of a nursing home has revealed interesting information which may be of some value in reassessing our concepts of the sexual needs of older people and understanding the appropriate modifications they may use to fulfill these needs.
Morgagni on Disease in Old Age
Authors: Howell Trevor H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTGiovanni Battista Morgagni published his life work at the age of 80, consisting of 70 letters on medical cases and their autopsies. He is considered the founder of pathologic anatomy. Many of the entities which he described were found in aged subjects. Modern geriatric medicine owes much to this great medical observer.
Glucocorticoid Therapy in Sepsis/Shock Caused by Gram‐Negative Microorganisms†
Authors: Seneca Harry , Grant John P. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA review of the literature reveals that glucocorticoids have: 1) a protective effect both in vitro and in vivo against bacterial endotoxins and exotoxins, and 2) a protective or therapeutic effect in sepsis/shock caused by Gram‐negative microorganisms. At the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, the 1968–1973 mortality rate for general sepsis/shock due to Gram‐negative organisms was 16.6 percent and for urologic sepsis/shock 15.3 percent. This low rate was the result of early diagnosis and early use of massive dosages of glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone), beta‐adrenergic isoproterenol, and bactericidal antibiotics (gentamicin, kanamycin, carbenicillin, cephalothin‐cefazolin, ampicillin).
Lipidemia—A Multigeneration Predictability Study†
Authors: Woldow Asher 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study involved a 1st generation of 194 aged residents at the Philadelphia Geriatric Center plus 2nd and 3rd generations of 357 and 306 offspring, respectively. Serum cholesterol levels (including type of abnormality) and triglyceride levels were determined. The results suggest that hyperlipidemia at all ages is related to a familial genetic problem. The data on each generation, starting even with the 80‐year‐old parents, could be used to predict lipid abnormalities in each succeeding generation. However, when comparing the 1st generation with the 3rd generation, predictability was lacking, probably because of the inclusion of two sets of spouses and many environmental factors that altered the situation. In the 2nd generation, 40 per cent of the subjects had an elevated lipid level compared to 30 per cent in the 1st and 3rd generations. The higher concentrations in the 2nd generation probably reflected increased risk factors such as improper diets, smoking, hypertension, obesity and stress at that age level. Hyperlipidemia in the aged apparently is not just a metabolic degenerative abnormality. It should be treated, as in younger people. Data on risk factors such as a high blood lipid level may help not only the aged, but succeeding generations.
Hepatic Infarction Associated with Terminal Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Enteropathy (THNE): Case Report
Authors: Ishii Toshiharu , Hosoda Yasuhiro , Yakumaru Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA case of hepatic infarction associated with terminal hemorrhagic necrotizing enteropathy (THNE) in an 84‐year‐old woman with cardiac failure is presented. The autopsy showed hepatic infarction, THNE, fibrous endocarditis, generalized arteriosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy, liver congestion, and other findings as described. Both rare infarctions (hepatic and intestinal) seemed to have originated not only as a result of impaired systemic circulation due to cardiac failure, but also from liver congestion due to peripheral circulatory deficiency through the portal vein. The circulatory correlation between these infarcts of the liver and intestine is discussed.