bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor Monotherapy Versus Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stent in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta- analysis
Authors: David Billy Joseph , Tanedo Althea Nicole , Tee John Derrik , Gerodias Ferdinand R 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor is the standard for the prevention of thrombotic events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are a subgroup with a higher risk of bleeding and thrombotic events after PCI.
OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether ticagrelor monotherapy after an initial short-course DAPT is an effective and safe option in preventing thrombotic events among DM patients undergoing PC.
METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was done on randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing ticagrelor monotherapy following short-course DAPT versus conventional DAPT in T2DM patients who underwent PCI. Outcome measures for major bleeding, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality were extracted and analyzed using a random-effects model via RevMan version 5.3.
RESULTS: A total of three RCTs, with 7482 patients, were analyzed. There were no significant differences in major bleeding (P = 0.26) and myocardial infarction (P = 0.66) events between the ticagrelor and DAPT groups. However, there was a higher rate of all-cause mortality in the DAPT group, which was statistically significant (risk ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.98; P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: Ticagrelor monotherapy following short-course DAPT and conventional DAPT have similar rates of major bleeding and myocardial infarction among DM patients undergoing PCI with DES. However, conventional DAPT has a higher incidence of all-cause mortality, which suggests that ticagrelor monotherapy after short-course DAPT may be a preferable antiplatelet strategy in DM patients undergoing PCI.
KEYWORDS: bleeding, diabetes mellitus, dual-antiplatelet therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention, thrombosis, ticagrelor
Discursos contrarios a la educación sexual en España
Authors: Calvo González Soraya , Trujillo Barbadillo Gracia 
Published: July 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el discurso contrario a la educación sexual en Twitter (X) para detectar las claves de la narrativa utilizada y las categorías centrales del discurso, ahondando en las tendencias en su diseminación. Para ello nos centramos en las publicaciones de dos entidades clave en la defensa del pin parental en España: Profesionales por la ética y Educadores contra el Adoctrinamiento. La información se recoge a partir de las técnicas de minería de datos y observación participante. El análisis presenta un acercamiento cuantitativo a frecuencias y referencias, y uno cualitativo en forma de análisis de sentimiento. Los datos muestran que el discurso se centra en la defensa de la libertad de las familias para decidir sobre la educación de sus hijos/as, y en la oposición a la educación sexual como elemento curricular. En este discurso se ataca asimismo al colectivo LGTBI+, a determinados representantes políticos vinculados a la izquierda y al sistema público, especialmente al sistema educativo, incluyendo centros y profesorado. El análisis también muestra cómo estas narrativas entran en conflicto con el derecho a la educación y la libertad de enseñanza, convirtiéndose en un arma de presión política y partidista. En las conclusiones discutimos nuestros hallazgos con otros estudios en relación con el discurso de odio y las estrategias políticas de la extrema derecha y el ultra catolicismo con las que nuestros datos muestran acuerdos. Finalmente se señalan limitaciones y propuestas futuras.
Perception of Regarding Water Conservation Products and Identification of Problem Faced by Groundnut Farmers in Dhanera Taluka of Banaskantha District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Chaudhary Malabhai , Lad Yogeshkumar A. 
Published: July 2024

Insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides are among the crop protection chemicals that are expected to drive the worldwide agrochemicals market, which is expected to reach USD 308.92 billion by 2025. Recent decades have seen a rise in agricultural activity in India as a result of the country's growing population and the need for more food supply. The Indian agrochemicals market was valued at around USD 6 billion in 2022. The study was conducted in Dhanera Taluka of Banas Kantha district, Gujarat, and examined five villages with 150 farmers, focusing on the groundnut crop, which has a significant need for insecticides and pesticides. The study aimed to achieve two objectives: to understand farmer perceptions regarding water conservation products, and to identify problems faced by groundnut farmers. The primary data was collected through semi-structured schedules, and secondary data was collected from different reliable sources. The majority of respondents were involved in both agriculture and livestock farming and had annual earnings between 5 and 10 lakhs. They primarily farmed during both Kharif and Rabi seasons. Key problems faced by groundnut farmers included high input costs, pest and weed infestations, labor shortages, water scarcity, and Sclerotium wilt.
In situ observations of density cavities extending above the auroral acceleration region
Authors: Alm L. , Marklund G. T. , Karlsson T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe uppermost part of a stable potential structure in the auroral acceleration region was studied using simultaneous observations of Cluster satellites C1 and C3. Both satellites observe a monotonically decreasing electron density as they ascend through the auroral acceleration region. As C1 exits the top of the auroral acceleration region, the electron densities continue to decrease, and the minimum electron density is reached 14 km above the upper edge of the auroral acceleration region. The electron density does not return to noncavity values until the spacecraft exits the potential structure's flux tube. The data indicate that the auroral density cavity is not confined by the potential structure and may extend above the auroral acceleration region.
Mutagenesis: Site‐Specific
Authors: Walquist Mari , Kjeldsen Buvang Elisabeth , El‐Gewely M Raafat 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSite‐specific mutagenesis techniques, also known as site‐directed mutagenesis (SDM), aim to introduce precise alterations in any coding or noncodingdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)sequence, usuallyin vitro. These modifications could be as small as a nucleotide or several hundreds; in one site or in multisite in the same DNA sequence. Recently, these alterations have been also developedin vivo. SDM success depends on how changes are introduced and mutant selection is done. DNA sequence analysis has to be made to verify change(s) before any biochemical or biological experiments are done. Recent methods for SDM and most used commercial kits are discussed. A list of companies offering SDM service is included. The authors have also listed software used for mutagenic oligonucleotide primer‐design. These techniques are revolutionising our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms, protein structure–function relationship, protein–protein interaction, binding sites in any biological system. In addition to the academic benefits of SDM, SDM techniques have impacted biotechnology and the applied field such as engineering new enzymes, drug development, optimisation of heterologous gene expression and secretion.Key Concepts:All site‐specific alterations requiring site‐directed mutagenesis technique are done at the DNA level making it heritable modifications. Modifications done at the protein levels are not heritable.The results of these alterations are reflected in the encoded amino acids sequence of the proteins or in any targeted binding site in the DNA sequence.Several simplified Techniques are now available.Selection of the altered DNA molecules from the pool of nonmodified parental molecules is essential.DNA sequence to verify the DNA change is fundamental part of the technique.Biological and biochemical ramifications as a result of SDM are usually the purpose that SDM is done in the first place.
AIDS
: Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Pinto Angie N , Kelleher Anthony D , Cooper David A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the host's immune system over time. As a result, HIV‐infected people can experience a wide range of clinical manifestations, especially if the infection is not treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). In advanced stages of the disease, patients eventually risk severe illnesses. More than 20 conditions, including opportunistic infections and malignancies, have been classified as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐defining illnesses. With the success of cART producing long‐term viral suppression and immune reconstitution, the major clinical complications of chronic infection now are serious non‐AIDS‐related events. This term refers to an increasing rate of cardiovascular, liver and renal diseases as well as neoplasms occurring in long‐term treated patients with longer life expectancies. However, there are still significant differences in access to and availability of antiretroviral therapy throughout the world which leads to contrasting patterns in the spectrum of AIDS‐defining illnesses in resource‐limited settings and developed countries.

Key Concepts:

AIDS arise from a compromised immune system and the resulting loss of host defences and immune surveillance mechanisms.

The spectrum of AIDS‐defining illnesses varies in developed and resource‐limited settings.

Pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumonia is the most common AIDS‐related illness in developed countries.

Tuberculosis is the most common AIDS‐related illness in developing countries.

Many AIDS‐related infections represent recrudescence of latent infection rather than
de novo
acquisition.

Antiretroviral therapy has had a significant impact on the spectrum of ADIs.

AIDS‐related malignancies occur at increased rates in chronically infected patients and these tend to have a viral associated aetiology.

Effective antiretroviral therapy has resulted in prolonged suppression of viral replication, sustained immune reconstitution and very substantial reductions in AIDS‐related morbidity and mortality.

Owing to increases in life expectancy resulting from effective antiretroviral therapy serious non‐AIDS‐related illnesses have become more important in clinical management.
Infochemical Webs and Tritrophic Interactions
Authors: Takabayashi Junji 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Plant volatiles mediate tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivorous arthropods and the carnivorous natural enemies of herbivores in various ways. These volatiles are classified into two categories: herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and constitutively emitted plant volatiles. Herbivores and carnivores use these plant volatiles as information for effective foraging. Consequently, infochemical webs based on the multifunctional aspects of HIPVs can be constructed. This article reviews the ecological function of plant volatiles in a single tritrophic system and the effects of the coupling of two tritrophic systems on the function of plant volatiles with emphasis on the infochemical webs in tritrophic systems. Furthermore, prospects for the application of HIPVs that attract specific natural enemies are discussed.

Key Concepts:

In response to herbivore‐induced damage, plants emit the so‐called ‘herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs)’ that are not naturally emitted from plants or in many cases emitted only in trace amounts.

The mixtures of HIPVs vary according to the type of plants: herbivores and carnivores.

Both HIPVs and constitutively emitted plant volatiles are separately and/or simultaneously used by both herbivores and carnivores to form infochemical webs.

Coupling the two tritrophic systems on the same plants affects the infochemical webs of each tritrophic system either positively or negatively.

HIPVs would be a new tool for biological control. This requires comprehensive studies on the target agroecosystem.
Congenital abnormalities and hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the Utah Population Database (UPDB)
Authors: Venkatramani Rajkumar , Spector Logan G. , Georgieff Michael , Tomlinson Gail , Krailo Mark , Malogolowkin Marcio , Kohlmann Wendy , Curtin Karen , Fonstad Rachel K. , Schiffman Joshua D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBeckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are known to predispose to hepatoblastoma (HB). A case–control study was conducted through the Children's Oncology Group (COG) to study the association of HB with isolated congenital abnormalities. Cases (N = 383) were diagnosed between 2000 and 2008. Controls (N = 387) were recruited from state birth registries, frequency matched for sex, region, year of birth, and birth weight. Data on congenital abnormalities among subjects and covariates were obtained by maternal telephone interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) describing the association between congenital abnormalities with HB, adjusted for sex, birth weight, maternal age and maternal education, were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. There was a significant association of HB with kidney, bladder, or sex organ abnormalities (OR = 4.75; 95% CI: 1.74–13) which appeared to be specific to kidney/bladder defects (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.2–15.3) but not those of sex organs (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.37–4.1). Elevated but non‐significant ORs were found for spina bifida or other spinal defects (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 0.39–11.7), large or multiple birthmarks (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.81–2.21). The results were validated through the Utah Population Database (UPDB), a statewide population‐based registry linking birth certificates, medical records, and cancer diagnoses. In the UPDB, there were 29 cases and 290 population controls matched 10:1 on sex and birth year. Consistent with the COG findings, kidney/bladder defects were associated with hepatoblastoma. These results confirm the association of HB with kidney/bladder abnormalities. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical, mechanical, and crystallization properties of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Rui Yuan , Guo Jiaxi , Harwell Jeff , Nakanishi Tomoaki , Kotera Seigo , Grady Brian P. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were melt‐mixed in a conical twin‐screw extruder with a random copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. Surprisingly, the electrical percolation threshold of the resultant composites was quite low; ∼0.9 wt %. In fact, this value is as low or lower than the value for most MWCNT/semicrystalline polymer composites made with roughly equivalent aspect ratio tubes mixed in a similar manner, for example, melt mixing. This low percolation threshold, suggestive of good dispersion, occurred even though the polymer surface energy is quite low which should make tubes more difficult to disperse. Dynamic mechanical measurements confirmed the rather low percolation threshold. The effect of nanotubes on crystallization kinetics was quite small; suggesting perhaps that a lack of nucleation which in turn reduces/eliminates an insulating crystalline polymer layer around the nanotubes might explain the low percolation threshold. Finally, the modulus increased with the addition of nanotubes and the strain at break decreased. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41052.
Asymmetric Ozone Oxidation of Silylalkenes Using a C2‐Symmetrical Dialkoxysilyl Group as a Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Igawa Kazunobu , Kawasaki Yuuya , Nishino Kosuke , Mitsuda Naoto , Tomooka Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOzone oxidation of silyl‐substituted alkenes, namely silylalkenes, proceeds in an addition‐type manner to afford α‐silylperoxy carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields, without the formation of normal ozonolysis products. Herein the ozone oxidation of chiral alkenylsilanes prepared from alkynes and a newly designed chiral hydrosilane is reported. The reaction affords silylperoxides with high diastereoselectivity (up to 94 % d.r.). The silylperoxides are convertible into enantioenriched chiral acyloins in a stereospecific manner.
Is Carbon Dioxide Able to Activate Halogen/Lithium Exchange?
Authors: Durka Krzysztof , Luliński Sergiusz , Dąbrowski Marek , Serwatowski Janusz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe unexpected effect of carbon dioxide on halogen–lithium exchange (HLE) reactions of selected haloarenes with tBuLi was investigated. In an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent (pentane), the HLE does not occur at ca. –70 °C but, surprisingly, pouring the mixture of reactants onto dry ice and subsequent aqueous acidic hydrolysis gave carboxylic acids resulting from the quench of the first‐formed aryllithiums with carbon dioxide. This suggests that CO2 acts as a promoter of the HLE and, subsequently, serves as an electrophile to trap the aryllithium intermediates that are generated in situ. Theoretical DFT calculations were used to develop a plausible mechanism for the reaction, which indicates that CO2 is a much weaker donor than tetrahydrofuran (THF) so the cleavage of inert tBuLi cubic tetramers into more reactive solvated dimeric species (tBuLi)2(CO2)4 is disfavored by 42.8 kJ per mol of (tBuLi)4. It is possible that this deaggregation process occurs to some extent when a large excess of CO2 is used.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed [3+2] Coupling of Indoles with Quinone Monoacetals or Quinone Imine Ketal
Authors: Shu Chang , Liao Li‐Hua , Liao Yi‐Jun , Hu Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Yong‐Hong , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of benzofuroindolines and tetrahydroindolo[2,3‐b]indoles was accomplished through a mild and concise [3+2] coupling of indoles and quinone monoacetals or quinone imine ketal promoted by a Lewis acid. A wide variety of benzofuroindolines and tetrahydroindolo[2,3‐b]indoles were prepared in moderate to good yields.
Individual and mixture effects of caffeine and sulfamethoxazole on the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio following maternal exposure
Authors: Garcia Robin N. , Chung Katy W. , DeLorenzo Marie E. , Curran M. Carla 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) such as caffeine and sulfamethoxazole have been detected in the estuarine environment. The present study characterized effects of a maternal exposure of these compounds on the development of the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio from embryo to juvenile life stage. Ovigerous females were exposed to either caffeine (20 mg/L), sulfamethoxazole (60 mg/L), or a mixture of both (20 mg/L caffeine and 60 mg/L sulfamethoxazole). Embryos were then removed from the females and the effects of the PPCPs on hatching, metamorphosis, juvenile growth, and overall mortality were determined. No significant effect was observed on gravid female survival after 5 d of exposure to caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, or the mixture; however, development of the embryos on the female shrimp was delayed in the mixture. Caffeine and sulfamethoxazole in the mixture significantly reduced embryo survival. There was a significant effect of caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and the mixture on embryo hatching time. Exposure to sulfamethoxazole alone significantly delayed larval metamorphosis. Exposure to caffeine and sulfamethoxazole separately led to significantly smaller length of juvenile shrimp. Maternal exposure to caffeine and sulfamethoxazole, individually and in mixture, resulted in negative effects on P. pugio offspring survival and development; however, the concentrations tested in the present study were well above maximum detected field concentrations. These results may be incorporated into PPCP risk assessments to protect sensitive estuarine ecosystems more effectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2120–2125. © 2014 SETAC
Unemployment and Suicide Mortality: Evidence from Regional Panel Data in Europe
Authors: Breuer Christian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper addresses the influence of economic activity on suicide mortality in Europe. To this end, it employs a new panel data set of 275 regions in 29 countries over the period 1999–2010. The results suggest that unemployment does have a significantly positive influence on suicides. In line with economic theory, this influence varies among gender and age groups. Men of working age are particularly sensitive, while old‐age suicide mortality (older than 65 years old) hardly responds to unemployment. Moreover, real economic growth negatively affects the suicide rates of working‐age men. The results withstand several robustness checks, such as sample variations, and after controlling for serial and spatial autocorrelation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of whey proteins in the colostrum and mature milk of yak (Bos grunniens)
Authors: Yang Yongxin , Zhao Xiaowei , Yu Shumin , Cao Suizhong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDYak (Bos grunniens) is an important natural resource in mountainous regions. To date, few studies have addressed the differences in the protein profiles of yak colostrum and milk. We used quantitative proteomics to compare the protein profiles of whey from yak colostrum and milk. Milk samples were collected from 21 yaks after calving (1 and 28 d). Whey protein profiles were generated through isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)‐labelled proteomics.RESULTSWe identified 183 proteins in milk whey; of these, the expression levels of 86 proteins differed significantly between the whey from colostrum and milk. Haemoglobin expression showed the greatest change; its levels were significantly higher in the whey from colostrum than in mature milk whey. Functional analysis revealed that many of the differentially expressed proteins were associated with biological regulation and response to stimuli. Further, eight differentially expressed proteins involved in the complement and coagulation cascade pathway were enriched in milk whey.CONCLUSIONThese findings add to the general understanding of the protein composition of yak milk, suggest potential functions of the differentially expressed proteins, and provide novel information on the role of colostral components in calf survival. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of tunable second‐harmonic signal from KNbO3 nanoneedles to find optimal wavelength for deep‐tissue imaging
Authors: Cai Fuhong , Yu Jiaxin , Qian Jun , Wang Ye , Chen Zhong , Huang Jingyun , Ye Zhizhen , He Sailing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) responses of perovskite‐type nanostructures have a variety of potential applications owing to the highly efficient frequency conversion guaranteed by both the material itself and the nanometer‐scale configuration. KNbO3 (KN) nanoneedles have been identified as a promising NLO material because of the superior broadband frequency conversion efficiency, and if incident light is propagating in a direction perpendicular to the axis of a nanoneedle, then the phase‐matching constraint can be relaxed. Here, the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) and third‐harmonic generation (THG) responses of both individual and clustered KN nanoneedles are reported. Based on these results, a novel method is proposed for determining the optimal excitation wavelength for NLO imaging of several biological samples, with KN nanoneedles acting as NLO agents. The method is shown to provide the optical features in the focal plane and a more reliable estimation of the optimal excitation wavelength for deep‐tissue imaging.