bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic black holes with controllable composite right/left-handed transmission lines
Authors: Tang Qing , Wei Lian Fu , Lan Xiao Gang , Jiang Qing Quan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Given that the Hawking radiation from celestial black holes is extremely weak and thus difficult to be detected practically, a series of analogue black holes have been constructed to observe the relevant analogue Hawking radiations in the laboratory. In this paper, based on the critical behavior of group velocity of the microwave signal propagating along a controllable composite right/left-handed transmission line, we theoretically demonstrate that an electromagnetic black hole can be constructed in the co-moving coordinate system; in the velocity space, its horizon is at the point, where the electromagnetic wave propagation group velocity equals to the propagation velocity of the voltage solitary wave. With the typical experimental parameters, the Hawking radiation temperature of such an electromagnetic black hole can be estimated as ∼ 30mK, and thus the radiation could be detected, in principle, by the current low-temperature experimental technique.
Health literacy, information access and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among foreign-born persons in Sweden – a focus group interview-study
Authors: Söderberg Mia , Swaid Juhaina , Aurelius Kristina , Rosengren Annika , Jakobsson Kristina , Magnusson Maria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In most countries, lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination have been observed in individuals with an immigrant background, yet if this relates to barriers to obtaining reliable information is unknown. This exploratory interview study investigated health literacy and information access as determinants for vaccination hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among foreign-born individuals in Sweden.
Methods
We used purposive sampling to recruit foreign-born adults from low- and middle-income countries, who expressed being hesitant towards getting vaccinated, as well as health guides and doulas who were assigned to spread COVID-19 related information in immigrant-dense urban areas. Data were collected using semi-structured focus group interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to systematic text condensation.
Results
Ten participants were included who were gainfully employed as health guides/doulas, or in other jobs, full-time students, or housewives. Four main themes emerged: 1) Limited health literacy, 2) Consequences of not using official Swedish information, 3) Decision-making on COVID-19 vaccination, and 4) Suggestions to improve information dissemination. The lack of health literacy in official institutions, health care personnel and recipients alike led to that most participants barely used information from official health care and public health institutions. Instead, they relied on social media, social contacts and international media, through which contradictive and negative information about the vaccine was spread. The decision to get vaccinated or not was a process fraught with insecurities about the effectiveness and side effects of the vaccine, which was balanced against wishing to be protected and contributing to the battle against COVID-19. The participants suggested that information dissemination could be improved by producing a multilingual information outreach and to increase the use of transmission through social interaction with trusted persons and platforms.
Conclusions
An inadequately adapted information strategy prevented some members of the society from making fact-based decisions about getting vaccinated. Several suggestions for improving dissemination were brought forth that can be tested in future communication strategies.
Comparative Security and Compliance Analysis of Serverless Computing Platforms: AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions
Authors: Khanal Dibya Darshan , Maharjan Sushil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Serverless computing has revolutionized cloud services by abstracting infrastructure management, enabling developers to focus on application logic. This research examines the security and compliance features of three major serverless platforms: AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions. By evaluating authentication mechanisms, data encryption practices, vulnerability management, and compliance certifications, we aim to provide a comparative analysis that informs businesses and developers on the most secure and compliant platform for their needs.
H3.3K122A results in a neomorphic phenotype in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Patty Benjamin , Jordan Cailin , Lardo Santana , Troy Kris , Hainer Sarah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The histone variant H3.3 acts in coordination with histone posttranslational modifications and other chromatin features to facilitate appropriate transcription. Canonical histone H3 and histone variant H3.3 are post-translationally modified with the genomic distribution of these marks denoting different features and with more recent evidence suggesting that these modifications may influence transcription. While the majority of posttranslational modifications occur on histone tails, there are defined modifications within the globular domain, such as acetylation of H3K122/H3.3K122. To understand the function of the residue H3.3K122 in transcriptional regulation, we attempted to generate H3.3K122A mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells but were unsuccessful. Through multi-omic profiling of mutant cell lines harboring two or three of four H3.3 targeted alleles, we have uncovered that H3.3K122A is neomorphic and results in lethality. This is surprising as prior studies demonstrate H3.3-null mES cells are viable and pluripotent, albeit with reduced differentiation capacity. Together, these studies have uncovered a novel dependence of a globular domain residue of H3.3 for viability and broadened our understanding of how histone variants contribute to transcription regulation and pluripotency in mES cells.
Airborne and Soilborne Cues of Herbivory Reduce Damage and Accelerate Flowering For Tomato Plants
Authors: Shiojiri Kaori , Kagiya Shinnosuke , Karban Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Many studies have found that volatile cues from damaged plants can induce resistance to herbivores in undamaged neighbors. However, fewer studies have examined the effects of soilborne cues. Furthermore, there are few studies that have considered the effects of plant-plant communication on plant reproduction. We conducted experiments with tomato seedlings exposing them to airborne and soilborne cues from experimentally damaged neighbors. These plants were then transplanted to the field and the level of damage by chewing and sucking herbivores was observed in the field. We also recorded the time before flowering was initiated by these plants. We found that both airborne and soilborne cues trend to reduce the proportion of leaves that were damaged for plants exposed to cues relative to controls that were near undamaged neighbors. Furthermore, these two cues were found to interact synergistically. Plants that had been exposed to soilborne cues flowered sooner than controls, those exposed to airborne cues, and both cues. These results suggested that soilborne and airborne cues induce different responses in plants.
Rethinking and Recomputing the Value of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Sayin Burcu , Yang Jie , Chen Xinyue , Passerini Andrea , Casati Fabio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we contend that the conventional approach to training and evaluating machine learning models frequently overlooks their application within the real-world organizational or societal contexts they are meant to serve. By shifting to this perspective, we redefine how we assess and choose machine learning models. Our focus is particularly on integrating these models into practical workflows that involve both machines and human experts, with human intervention occurring when machines lack sufficient confidence in their predictions. We demonstrate that traditional metrics such as accuracy and f-score fall short in capturing the true value of machine learning models in such hybrid settings. To address this issue, we introduce a simple but theoretically sound strategy to adapt existing machine learning models so as to maximize value. An extensive experimental evaluation highlights the importance of the value-based perspective in evaluating models, and the impact of calibration and out-of-distribution settings on model value.
Betaine alleviates neuronal impairment in glutamate-injured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells via Nrf2 signaling pathway related ferroptosis
Authors: Wu Guihua , Wang Fuwei , Zheng Nan , Zhou Qiong , Chen Zihao , Chen Ziwen , Li Baohong , Ye Qingbang , Li Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that currently lacks efficacious therapeutic interventions. It’s well documented that ferroptosis is extensively involved in the progression and pathogenesis of AD. Betaine, a critical nutrient for mammal health, is reported to possess neuroprotective actions. The objective of the current research was to discuss whether betaine could mitigate neuronal impairments by suppressing ferroptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells injured by glutamate. The results indicate that betaine improved the survival rate and morphology change of glutamate-damaged SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, betaine reduced the intracellular accumulation of Fe2+, MDA, lipid ROS, and LDH release induced by glutamate. And reversal of the decreased GSH content and downregulation of ferroptosis inhibitors GPX4 expression were observed upon betaine administration. Additionally, betaine facilitated the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in SH-SY5Y cells induced by glutamate. Molecular docking validated high-affinity binding between betaine and Nrf2. Collectively, betaine could exert neuroprotective effects by alleviating ferroptosis via activation of Nrf2 pathway, thereby positioning it as a potential candidate for AD therapy.
Calcium(II)-Catalyzed off-/on-DNA Reductive Deuteration Amination in HFIP: Modular Access to N-α-Deuterated Amino Acids
Authors: Wang Shengdong , Li Haoran , Liu Yuwei , Zhang Silin , Ma Lei , Zeng Zhongyi , Zhou Zhi , Xu Hongtao , Yi Wei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The development of practical and selective deuterium incorporation strategies for building deuterated molecules, especially deuterium-labeled amino acids, has become an increasing focus in basic research, but still remains challenging. We herein report a bioinspired calcium(II)/HFIP-catalyzed site-selective modular reductive deuteration amination of simple keto acids/esters with amines by using d2-Hantzsch ester as the deuterium source, delivering N-α-deuterated amino acid motifs in a remarkable deuteration efficiency (>99 deuterated ratio) and with diverse functionality (>130 examples), for which various substrates, especially including amino acids, peptides, drug molecules and natural products bearing different substituted forms, was found to be well compatible. Besides, the application of this strategy in the on-DNA synthesis of DNA-tagged N-α-deuterated amino acids/peptides has been exemplified. The work provides an efficient and innovative solution for deuterated amino acid chemistry and should have a robust application potential in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
Dynamics of plant phenome can be accurately predicted from genetic markers
Authors: Nikoloski Zoran , Hobby David , Tong Hao , Mbebi Alain , Heuermann Marc , Laitinen Roosa , Dell'Acqua Matteo , Altmann Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Molecular and physiological changes across crop developmental stages shape the plant phenome and render its prediction from genetic markers challenging. Here we present dynamicGP, an efficient computational approach that combines genomic prediction with dynamic mode decomposition to characterize temporal changes in the crop phenotype and to predict genotype-specific dynamics for multiple traits. Using genetic markers and data from high-throughput phenotyping of a maize multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross population, we show that dynamicGP outperforms a state-of-the-art genomic prediction approach for multiple traits. We demonstrate that the developmental dynamics of traits whose heritability varies less over time can be predicted with higher accuracy. The approach paves the way for interrogating and integrating the dynamical interactions between genotype and phenotype over crop development to improve the prediction accuracy of agronomically relevant traits.
Utility and Outcomes of the Keystone Perforator Island Flap for the Reconstruction of Various Anatomical Locations: A Prospective Study
Authors: Alsiaghi Yahia Ahmed , Al-ajaly Mohaned Yahia , Al-Warafi Majed Yahia , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In Yemen's resource-constrained setting, the incidence of wounds resulting from injuries and accidents is high, placing a significant burden on the limited plastic surgery infrastructure. Advanced centers for microsurgical reconstruction are lacking, and expertise in free flaps is limited. Local flaps, while widely used, are complex and associated with high complication rates. This study evaluated the effectiveness and outcomes of the Keystone Island perforator flap (KIPF) technique as an alternative method for soft tissue reconstruction.
Methods
This prospective study included 35 patients who underwent KPIF for various defects. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative variables, postoperative outcomes, and aesthetic outcomes (assessed via the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS)) were evaluated. Factors influencing success rates and complications were analyzed.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 29 ± 11.75 years, with males comprising 86% of the sample. Trauma was the leading cause of tissue defects (77.1%). The most common defect locations were the leg (57.14%) and foot (11.43%). The mean operative time was 73.57 minutes. Postoperatively, 26% of patients experienced complications, with flap dehiscence being the most common complication (11.43%). The flap survival rate was 97%, and complete wound healing was observed in 91.4% of the patients within a median of 16 days. Scar assessments indicated satisfactory aesthetic outcomes with minimal differences from those of normal skin.
Conclusion
The KIPF technique demonstrated high effectiveness and reliability in soft tissue reconstruction, particularly in settings with limited resources and expertise. Its ease of use, minimal postsurgical care, and high flap survival rates make it a valuable alternative to traditional methods. This study supports the adoption of KIPF as a standard practice in similar resource-constrained environments.
Evaluation of demographic feature and Consequences and Complications of Abuse of Topical Anesthetic Drops and Response to Treatment in Patients with Ocular disorders referred to the ophthalmology
Authors: Eslami Fatemeh , Kakoolvand Mohammad , Eslamighayour Anahita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: Topical anesthetic drops are extensively employed in ophthalmology, commonly utilized during foreign object removal and eye surgeries. The improper application of these local anesthetics can lead to severe complications, including blindness.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included all patients with complaints of foreign body sensation, exposure to ultraviolet rays, or misuse of local anesthetic eye drops referred to the ophthalmology emergency department at Sina Hospital in Hamadan from March to September 2020. After obtaining consent, each participant completed a questionnaire, providing information aligned with the research objectives, overseen by an ophthalmologist. Patients experiencing complications from the misuse of anesthesia drops received appropriate treatment and underwent a 1-month follow-up. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using SPSS 21 software.
Results: In this study, 192 patients (185 men and 7 women) were enrolled, with an average age of 42.69 ± 12.45 years. Among them, 76.56% presented with foreign body complaints in the eye. The most prevalent symptoms were lacrimation (84.37%) and photophobia (73.95%). Before seeking medical attention, a majority of patients had employed non-medical methods, notably eye closure (63.15%) and tea application (45.31%). Recommendations from pharmacy staff (38.27%) and colleagues (33.33%) were most frequently cited as sources of familiarity. Gender (P = 0.37) and education (P = 0.21) showed no correlation with the frequency of tetracaine abuse. Tetracaine abuse was more frequent among those with a history of previous use (P < 0.001). Patients who abused tetracaine exhibited a higher rate of ocular complications, including keratopathy and vision loss (P = 0.011).
Conclusion: A significant number of patients resort to local anesthetic drops based on non-specialist recommendations. The prevalence of local anesthetic use is consistent across genders and education levels, with awareness of side effects not acting as a deterrent. The arbitrary use of local anesthetics elevates the risk of ocular complications, including keratopathy and vision loss.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among Attending Hospitals and Health Centers in Amran Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Alshahethi Mohammed Ali , Al-Hadheq Ali Ahmed , Edrees Wadhah Hassan , Abdullah Qais Yusuf , Al-Awar Mohammed Sadeq 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a broad spectrum of diseases. There is no published data on the epidemiology or risk factors of leishmaniasis in Amran Governorate. This study aimed to scrutinise the prevalence and behavioural risk factors associated with CL among visitors to hospitals and health centres in Amran Governorate.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from 68 patients with lesion clinically suggestive of CL. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, risk factors, and influence factors of CL.
Results: Sixty-eight cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded during the month December 20 (29.4%), and the Jabal Yazid District was more infected with the parasite 14 (20.6%). The majority were from males 45 (26.2%), individuals with age groups of 0–20 years old 34 (50%), single individuals 52 (76.5%), and those who come from rural areas 38 (55.9%), with a significant difference (P <0.05), and the major risk factors were by bite of female sandfly 55 (80.9%), with a significant difference (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis was highly prevalent in Amran Governorate among children (0-20). Our study showed that the risk factor associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis could help the ministry of health in the establishment of an effective program.
Theileria annulata Hijacks Host Signaling: Integrated Phosphoproteomics and transcriptomics Unveils ERK1/2 as a Central Regulator of Host Transcription Factors
Authors: sharma paresh , dandasena debabrata , A Vengatachala Moorthy , Suresh Akash , Bhandari Vasundhra , roy sonti 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study elucidates Theileria annulata’s manipulation of host cell signaling using phosphoproteomic and transcriptomic approaches. We unveil the parasite's control over multiple cellular processes, including apoptosis, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK) regulation, and telomere maintenance. A central finding of our study is the parasite's targeted manipulation of the ERK1/2 pathway, a key regulator of cellular proliferation and survival. By orchestrating the phosphorylation of essential transcription factors, T. annulata ensures its persistence within the host cell. Importantly, our data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling triggers apoptosis in infected cells, establishing this pathway as a promising therapeutic target. Beyond host manipulation, we characterize parasite phosphoproteins and transcription factors, revealing insights into Theileria's complex lifecycle and adaptive mechanisms. These findings collectively contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the Theileria-host interaction, paving the way for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions to combat this economically significant disease.
Education scholarship distribution management at Baznas Pohuwato
Authors: Perdana Dian Adi , Suryani Wahidah , Umar Mirza Ghulam Achmad Adi Putra , Thahir Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Baznas is declared a non-structural government institution that manages educational scholarship assistance for underprivileged children because education is a vital need for every comprehensive person, starting from the mindset, belief, and attitude of life that leads to quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the management of the distribution of educational scholarships at Baznas Pohuwato and to examine the obstacles in the distribution of academic scholarships at Baznas Pohuwato. This research is a qualitative descriptive method to answer questions about existing phenomena—data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation from primary and secondary data sources. The data obtained is then processed to produce conclusions from the phenomena found. The results of this study are the scholarship program at Baznas Pohuwato to improve achievement and educate the nation's children with a budget that will be allocated according to the expected student targets by analyzing the circumstances and needs of students. Baznas hopes that scholarship recipients can convey and introduce this program to other communities, and the community will be aware of the obligation to pay ZIS through Pohuwato to manage the funds collected. The Baznas Pohuwato can carry out routine socialization to people experiencing poverty so that the community will be aware of the activities and programs managed by the National Amil Zakāt Agency (BAZNAS), especially the scholarship assistance program for poor children at all levels of education. In distributing scholarship assistance, the National Amil Zakāt Agency (BAZNAS) would pay attention to the timeliness of scholarship distribution so that the waiting time for recipients is not too long.
Analysis of interest theory and profit-sharing in the Islamic financial system
Authors: Merlinda Lessiany 
Published: August 2024

This article examines the comparison between interest theory in conventional financial systems and profit-sharing theory in Islamic financial systems by integrating religious and economic perspectives. The purpose of this study is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the practical and ethical implications of both financial systems and how they can be applied to support fair and sustainable economic development. The methodology used is a literature review with in-depth content analysis related to the concepts of interest and profit-sharing from various religious perspectives, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The results show that interest theory dominates conventional financial systems with its various applications, while profit-sharing theory in Islamic financial systems offers a fairer and more efficient alternative with profit and loss distribution based on the actual contributions of each party. This study provides significant insights into understanding the fundamental differences between interest and profit-sharing and offers recommendations for creating a more inclusive and sustainable financial system. However, this research has limitations in terms of empirical analysis and variations in the implementation of the profit-sharing system that need to be further explored in future studies.Keywords: interest theory; profit-sharing; conventional finance; Islamic finance; religious perspective.