bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submicroscopic genomic imbalances in burkitt lymphomas/leukemias: Association with age and further evidence that 8q24/MYC translocations are not sufficient for leukemogenesis
Authors: Lundin Catarina , Hjorth Lars , Behrendtz Mikael , Ehinger Mats , Biloglav Andrea , Johansson Bertil 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChromosome banding analyses reveal secondary chromosome abnormalities in addition to the MYC translocations t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(8;22)(q24;q11), and t(2;8)(p11;q24) in 60%–80% of Burkitt lymphomas/leukemias (BL). The high incidence of such aberrations indicates that additional changes are important, perhaps necessary, for malignant transformation, i.e., the 8q24/MYC rearrangements may not be sufficient. To investigate this possibility, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis on 20 cases of 8q24/MYC‐positive BL. Nineteen (95%) harbored genomic imbalances; the only case without such aberrations displayed secondary changes by chromosome banding analysis. Thus, all BL cases had abnormalities in addition to the 8q24 translocation. The adult cases harbored more changes (median 3; range 1–21) than did the childhood cases (median 1.5; range 0–5) (P = 0.034). Several recurrent aberrations were detected by SNP array analysis, in particular losses of 6q14.1‐q22.33, 9p21.3, and 13q14.2‐q14.3, gains of 1q23.3‐q31.3, chromosome 7, 13q31.3, and partial uniparental isodisomies for 6p12.2‐pter, 9p23‐pter, and 17p11.2‐pter. The molecular genetic consequences of these changes include deletions of the CDKN2A and TP53 genes, and gains/losses of several genes, such as MIR17HG and E2F2K, involved in the MYC pathway. Thus, deregulation of the MYC pathway, both directly through the 8q24/MYC translocation and indirectly through secondary genomic imbalances, may be essential not only for the initiation but also for the progression of BL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tunnel projects require cooperation / Tunnelprojekte brauchen Kooperation
Authors: Jodl Hans Georg 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA high degree of cooperation is necessary on every tunnel project. Scarcely any other branch of construction is faced with similar rapidly changing problems. The constantly changing properties of the ground demand the greatest attention and flexibility from all parties. Despite the differing initial positions of the interest groups involved, they have to overcome the complex tasks together. Increasing technical requirements of the project parties are in contrast with the increasing expectations of external stakeholders outside the project. Ever more complicated and extensive contract documents hinder rapid solutions on site for the benefit of the project and lead to a certain loss of ability by the site staff in making appropriate decisions. This unsatisfactory situation can only be countered with mutual understanding and cooperation based on trust.Bei jedem Tunnelprojekt ist ein hohes Maß an Kooperation erforderlich. Kaum eine andere Bausparte wird mit ähnlichen rasch wechselnden Problemen konfrontiert. Die ständig wechselnde Beschaffenheit des Baugrunds fordert von allen Beteiligten höchste Aufmerksamkeit und hohe Flexibilität. Trotz unterschiedlicher Ausgangspositionen der beteiligten Interessensgruppen ist die gemeinsame Bewältigung der komplexen Aufgabe vorgegeben. Steigende fachliche Anforderungen an die Projektbeteiligten stehen den steigenden Erwartungshaltungen projektferner Stakeholder gegenüber. Immer komplizierter und umfangreicher werdende Vertragswerke erschweren rasche und projektgerechte Lösungen von Problemen vor Ort und führen zu einer gewissen Entmündigung des Baustellenpersonals. Diesem unbefriedigenden Zustand kann nur durch eine von gegenseitigem Verständnis und Vertrauen getragene Kooperation begegnet werden.
Tunnelling on the railway line VDE 8.1 Ebensfeld‐Erfurt through the example of the Eierberge Tunnel / Tunnelbau auf der Bahnstrecke VDE 8.1 Ebensfeld‐Erfurt am Beispiel Tunnel Eierberge
Authors: Karlbauer Andreas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGerman Railways DB AG has awarded a contract to the joint venture Tunnel Eierberge consisting of the Austrian companies PORR, G. Hinteregger, Östu‐Stettin and Jäger Bau for the design and construction of the Bad Staffelstein construction section. This 7.7 km long section is part of the new line from Ebensfeld to Erfurt and the core structure is the Eierberge Tunnel. The Eierberge Tunnel is a two‐track rail tunnel with an excavated cross‐section of 160 to 190 m2 and will be built with three emergency exits. The main tunnel and the emergency exits pass through the clay, marl and limestone of the Lower Jurasssic (Lias) overlain by Quaternary strata and lie entirely below the groundwater table. The 3.7 km long Eierberge Tunnel was driven by drill and blast with mucking by hydraulic excavator. The support was according to the principles of the ne Austrian tunnelling method.The tunnel was constructed on account of the prevailing water pressures of up to 6 bar with all‐round plastic waterproofing membrane and inner lining of waterproof concrete. In order to comply with the provisions of a guideline that was revised during the construction period, an integrated system for subsequent grouting had to be designed and installed; this was used for DB for the first time in the Eierberge Tunnel.Die Deutsche Bahn hat die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tunnel Eierberge aus den österreichischen Unternehmen PORR, G. Hinteregger, Östu‐Stettin und Jäger Bau mit der Planung und dem Bau des Bauabschnitts Bad Staffelstein beauftragt. Dieser 7,7 km lange Abschnitt ist Teil der Neubaustrecke Ebensfeld‐Erfurt und umfasst als Kernelement den Tunnel Eierberge. Der Tunnel Eierberge ist ein zweigleisiger Eisenbahntunnel mit einem Ausbruchquerschnitt von 160 bis 190 m2 und wird mit drei Notausgängen hergestellt. Der Haupttunnel und die Notausgänge durchörtern die Ton‐, Mergel‐ und Kalksteine des Unteren Jura (Lias) sowie Deckschichten des Quartärs und liegen zur Gänze unter dem Grundwasserspiegel. Der 3,7 km lange Tunnel Eierberge wurde im Spreng‐ und Baggervortrieb aufgefahren. Die Sicherung erfolgte nach den Grundsätzen der Neuen Österreichischen Tunnelbauweise.Der Tunnel wurde aufgrund der vorherrschenden Wasserdrücke bis 6 bar mittels KDB‐Rundumabdichtung und Innenschale aus WU‐Beton druckdicht ausgebildet. Um der Forderung einer während des Baus geänderten Richtlinie nachkommen zu können, musste ein integriertes Injektionssystem geplant und eingebaut werden, das bei der DB am Tunnel Eierberge zum ersten Mal zum Einsatz gelangte.
Project implementation as partners of the Filder Tunnel and Ober‐ and Untertürkheim approach lines on the line Stuttgart‐Ulm / Partnerschaftliche Projektdurchführung Stuttgart‐Ulm im Bereich Fildertunnel und Zuführung Ober‐ und Untertürkheim
Authors: Penn Stefan , Holzhuber Michael 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Stuttgart–Ulm railway project is a central investment in the future for the German state of Baden‐Württemberg. The new line will be part of the European high‐speed rail network “Magistrale for Europe”, linking the European metropolitan areas of Paris, Strasbourg, Munich and Vienna along a central west‐east axis to Bratislava and Budapest. Altogether, the Stuttgart‐Ulm railway project includes the rearrangement of the Stuttgart rail node and the new line Wendlingen‐Ulm. The joint venture ATCOST21 under lead company Porr has been awarded the contract for the Filder Tunnel and the approaches to Ober‐ and Untertürkheim. Employer and contractor intend to develop the project as partners with the aim of technical and commercial optimisation under the terms of the contractually agreed partnering model.Das Bahnprojekt Stuttgart–Ulm ist für Baden‐Württemberg eine zentrale Investition in die Zukunft. Die Neubaustrecke wird Teil des europäischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsnetzes “Magistrale für Europa” und verbindet als zentrale West‐Ost‐Achse die europäischen Metropolen Paris, Straßburg, München und Wien mit Bratislava und Budapest. Insgesamt umfasst das Bahnprojekt Stuttgart‐Ulm die Neuordnung des Bahnknotens Stuttgart sowie die Neubaustrecke Wendlingen‐Ulm. Die Arge ATCOST21 unter Federführung der Firma Porr ist mit der Herstellung des Fildertunnels und der Zuführung nach Ober‐ und Untertürkheim beauftragt. Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer bekennen sich zur partnerschaftlichen Abwicklung des Projektes mit dem Ziel einer technischen und wirtschaftlichen Optimierung im Sinne des vertraglich vereinbarten Partnerringmodells.
Reflections on codes of conduct: Asymmetries, vulnerabilities, and institutional controls
Authors: Bray Nathaniel J. , Braxton John M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis chapter discusses asymmetries that exist in both positional and professional authority, the relations between main campus stakeholders, and the vulnerabilities that are presented by such power differentials. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the deterrence, detection, and sanctioning of violations of tenets of codes of conduct.
Multifunctional Nanochemistry: Ambient, Electroless, Template‐Based Synthesis and Characterization of Segmented Bimetallic Pd/Au and Pd/Pt Nanowires as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts and Nanomotors
Authors: Koenigsmann Christopher , Tan Zhibo , Peng Huiqing , Sutter Eli , Jacobskind Jared , Wong Stanislaus S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSegmented noble‐metal nanowires (NWs) represent an exciting, multifunctional, one‐dimensional, structural architecture with a variety of potential applications. However, the widespread use of electrodeposition in the preparation of these systems has limited their potential to be produced on a large scale, since this protocol is costly and requires complex processes and caustic reaction media. Given the inherent limitations of electrodeposition, we report, for the first time, an ambient, surfactantless, template‐based approach that is not only sustainable but also efficient for the reliable production of Pd/Pt and Pd/Au segmented NWs, possessing two spatially separated, chemically distinctive, but elementally pure, axial subunits. Our simple two‐step synthetic approach allows for direct and predictable control over the relative segment lengths in these nanomaterials. Moreover, thorough structural characterization of these as‐prepared samples confirms that our segmented NWs maintain high‐quality, crystalline, elementally pure subunits with a well‐defined interface between the constituent metals. In the context of preparing segmented NWs as multifunctional nanostructures, we demonstrate that these as‐prepared NWs achieve high levels of performance when employed as both electrocatalysts and nanomotors.
Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain Algorithm for Quantifying Light Absorption in Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Ee Ho‐Seok , Song Kyung‐Deok , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Park Hong‐Gyu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe introduce an accurate and fast finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method for calculating light absorption in nanoscale optical systems. The dispersive FDTD update equations were derived from auxiliary differential equations (ADE), wherein dispersive media were fitted by various dispersion models including the Drude, Debye, Lorentz, and critical point models. Light absorption in the dispersive media was quantified by calculating polarization pole currents in the ADE. To verify this simulation method, the absorption spectrum of a 300 nm thick silicon film was calculated and compared to an analytic solution. In addition, the absorption cross‐section of a single silicon nanowire with a diameter of 300 nm was calculated using monochromatic and broadband light sources. We believe that this reformatted FDTD method is a powerful tool for the design of novel nanophotonic components, including nanowire photovoltaic devices.
Reaction Front Evolution during Electrochemical Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon Nanopillars
Authors: Lee Seok Woo , Berla Lucas A. , McDowell Matthew T. , Nix William D. , Cui Yi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe high theoretical specific capacity of Si as an anode material is attractive in lithium‐ion batteries, although the issues caused by large volume changes during cycling have been a major challenge. Efforts have been devoted to understanding how diffusion‐induced stresses cause fracture, but recent observations of anisotropic volume expansion in single‐crystalline Si nanostructures require new theoretical considerations of expansion behavior during lithiation. Further experimental investigation is also necessary to better understand the anisotropy of the lithiation process. Here, we present a method to reveal the crystalline core of partially lithiated Si nanopillars with three different crystallographic orientations by using methanol to dissolve the Li atoms from the amorphous Li‐Si alloy. The exposed crystalline cores have flat {110} surfaces at the pillar sidewalls; these surfaces represent the position of the reaction front between the crystalline core and the amorphous Li‐Si alloy. It was also found that an amorphous Si structure remained on the flat surfaces of the crystalline core after dissolution of the Li, which was presumed to be caused by the accumulation of Si atoms left over from the removal of Li from the Li‐Si alloy.
Effects of tapentadol on mechanical hypersensitivity in rats with ligatures of the infraorbital nerve versus the sciatic nerve
Authors: Michot B. , Bourgoin S. , Kayser V. , Hamon M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundConvergent data showed that neuropathic pain has specific characteristics at cephalic versus extra‐cephalic level, where single‐targeted drugs differentially alleviate pain. Because the novel analgesic drug, tapentadol, is acting at two targets, μ‐opioid receptors (as agonist) and noradrenaline reuptake (as inhibitor), we tested its effects on neuropathic pain at both cephalic and extra‐cephalic levels.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats underwent unilateral constriction injury (CCI) to the infraorbital nerve (ION; cephalic territory) or the sciatic nerve (SN; extra‐cephalic territory), and alleviation of nerve lesion‐induced mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia was assessed after acute or repeated (for 4 days) treatment with tapentadol compared with morphine and/or reboxetine (noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) 2 weeks after surgery. Possible changes in the expression of the neuroinflammatory markers activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by repeated tapentadol treatment were quantified by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in ganglia and central tissues.ResultsAcute administration of tapentadol (1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced allodynia in both CCI‐SN and CCI‐ION rats. Although morphine (3 mg/kg, s.c.) or reboxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone was only marginally active, the combination of both drugs produced supra‐additive effects like those observed with tapentadol. In contrast to repeated morphine whose effects vanished, the anti‐allodynic effects of tapentadol remained unchanged after a 4‐day treatment. However, the latter treatment with tapentadol did not affect nerve lesion‐evoked overexpression of ATF3, IL‐6 and BDNF transcripts.ConclusionsThe dual synergistic pharmacological properties of tapentadol, which result in clear‐cut anti‐neuropathic pain effects at both cephalic and extra‐cephalic levels, probably involve mechanisms downstream of nerve injury‐induced neuroinflammatory reaction.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with abnormal cortical and trabecular microstructure and reduced bone stiffness in postmenopausal women
Authors: Stein Emily M , Silva Barbara C , Boutroy Stephanie , Zhou Bin , Wang Ji , Udesky Julia , Zhang Chiyuan , McMahon Donald J , Romano Megan , Dworakowski Elzbieta , Costa Aline G , Cusano Natalie , Irani Dinaz , Cremers Serge , Shane Elizabeth , Guo X Edward , Bilezikian John P 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Typically, in the milder form of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), now seen in most countries, bone density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and detailed analyses of iliac crest bone biopsies by histomorphometry and micro–computed tomography (µCT) show detrimental effects in cortical bone, whereas the trabecular site (lumbar spine by DXA) and the trabecular compartment (by bone biopsy) appear to be relatively well preserved. Despite these findings, fracture risk at both vertebral and nonvertebral sites is increased in PHPT. Emerging technologies, such as high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT), may provide additional insight into microstructural features at sites such as the forearm and tibia that have heretofore not been easily accessible. Using HRpQCT, we determined cortical and trabecular microstructure at the radius and tibia in 51 postmenopausal women with PHPT and 120 controls. Individual trabecula segmentation (ITS) and micro–finite element (µFE) analyses of the HRpQCT images were also performed to further understand how the abnormalities seen by HRpQCT might translate into effects on bone strength. Women with PHPT showed, at both sites, decreased volumetric densities at trabecular and cortical compartments, thinner cortices, and more widely spaced and heterogeneously distributed trabeculae. At the radius, trabeculae were thinner and fewer in PHPT. The radius was affected to a greater extent in the trabecular compartment than the tibia. ITS analyses revealed, at both sites, that plate-like trabeculae were depleted, with a resultant reduction in the plate/rod ratio. Microarchitectural abnormalities were evident by decreased plate-rod and plate-plate junctions at the radius and tibia, and rod-rod junctions at the radius. These trabecular and cortical abnormalities resulted in decreased whole-bone stiffness and trabecular stiffness. These results provide evidence that in PHPT, microstructural abnormalities are pervasive and not limited to the cortical compartment, which may help to account for increased global fracture risk in PHPT. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hollow‐fiber membrane bioelectrochemical reactor for domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Ge Zheng , Ping Qingyun , He Zhen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are potentially advantageous as an energy‐efficient approach to wastewater treatment; however, the quality of the MFC effluent has not been well addressed. In this study, a membrane bioelectrochemical reactor (MBER) was developed through integrating hollow‐fiber ultrafiltration membranes into a tubular MFC to improve the effluent quality.ResultsThis MBER was operated with an acetate solution or domestic wastewater (primary effluent) for more than 200 days. The MBER removed 43–58% of total chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the acetate solution and achieved 30–36% coulombic efficiency. When treating the wastewater, the MBER was able to maintain almost 90% COD removal and an effluent turbidity <1 NTU. A strategy of periodic backwash and membrane relaxation led to a slow increase in the transmembrane pressure (TMP) from zero to 15 kPa in more than 40 days at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 36 h. However, both lower HRTs and high organic loading rates rapidly increased the transmembrane pressure.ConclusionA proof of concept of an MBER was presented and shown to be effective in contaminant removal. Preliminary energy analysis suggests that the MBER could theoretically produce sufficient energy from the acetate solution to support the pumping system. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the MBER concept and the challenges for further development of the MBER system. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance of purifying anaerobic fermentation slurry using microalgae in response to various LED light wavelengths and intensities
Authors: Yan Cheng , Luo Xingzhang , Zheng Zheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnaerobic fermentation slurry (AFS) is a type of high‐pollution load wastewater that can cause water eutrophication and algal blooms. The current study focused on the response of microalgae nutrient removal efficiency to various light‐emitting diode light wavelengths and intensities.RESULTSThe microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was able to remove nutrients from AFS effectively. Furthermore, only moderate light intensities (800, 1300, 1800, and 2300 µmol m−2 s−1) were required to culture C. vulgaris and induce nutrient removal. Exposure to higher light intensities produced greater dry weight (DW) biomass and achieved higher nutrient removal efficiencies. The order of light wavelengths based on the DW biomass yield of C. vulgaris was red > white > yellow > blue. The order of light wavelengths, according to the nutrient removal efficiencies reached by C. vulgaris, was red > white > yellow > blue. Red light was also the light wavelength with the best economic efficiency for nutrient removal.CONCLUSIONIn this study, red light was used as the optimum light wavelength. Furthermore, the optimum light intensity range was from 1300 to 1800 µmol m−2 s−1 when both nutrient removal and economic efficiencies were considered.Moreover, the optimum treatment time was determined to be 120 h. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative myology of the mandibular and hyoid arches of sharks of the order hexanchiformes and their bearing on its monophyly and phylogenetic relationships (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii)
Authors: Soares Mateus C. , de Carvalho Marcelo R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe order Hexanchiformes currently comprises two families, Chlamydoselachidae (frilled sharks) and Hexanchidae (six‐ and seven‐gill sharks), but its monophyly and relationships with other elasmobranchs are still discussed. Previous studies of hexanchiforms addressing these issues were based mainly on external morphology, teeth, skeletal features, and molecular data, whereas the employment of characters derived from variations in muscles has not been significantly explored. Dissections of four species of Hexanchiformes (includingChlamydoselachus anguineus) are reported here describing the mandibular (musculus adductor mandibulae dorsalis, m. adductor mandibulae ventralis, m. levator labii superioris, m. intermandibularis, and m. constrictor dorsalis) and hyoidean (m. constrictor hyoideus dorsalis and ventralis) arch muscles. Our results provide new data concerning the relationships of hexanchiforms to other elasmobranchs. The m. adductor mandibulae superficialis is described and illustrated inC. anguineus, contradicting previous accounts in which is was considered absent. The anteroposterior orientation of the m. adductor mandibulae superficialis inChlamydoselachusis similar to the pattern found in hexanchids, squaloids, and hypnosqualeans (including batoids), suggesting it was secondarily lost inEchinorhinus. This muscle therefore provides further support for the inclusion of the Chlamydoselachidae and Hexanchidae in the Squalomorphi, and not basal to all other elasmobranchs or nested within an all‐shark collective, as has been previously proposed. However, the m. adductor mandibulae superficialis originating at the jaw joint and with an aponeurotic insertion in hexanchids, squaliforms, and hypnosqualeans, may be a separate derived feature uniting these taxa. The insertion of the m. constrictor dorsalis is restricted to the postorbital articulation in hexanchids, whereas it extends farther anteriorly inC. anguineus. The insertion of the m. constrictor hyoideus dorsalis solely on the palatoquadrate is found exclusively in the Hexanchidae. We conclude that no specific pattern of mandibular or hyoid arch muscles support the monophyly of hexanchiforms (i.e., includingChlamydoselachus). J. Morphol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.