bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lion predation on livestock and native wildlife in Waza National Park, northern Cameroon
Authors: Tumenta Pricelia N. , Visser Hermen D. , van Rijssel Jacco , Müller Lana , de Iongh Hans H. , Funston Paul J. , Udo de Haes Helias A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The feeding ecology of lions (Panthera leo, Linnaeus 1758) was investigated in and around Waza National Park, northern Cameroon. Diet was determined using global positioning system (GPS) data of lion kill sites (clusters of GPS location points) collected using radio collars. Lions consumed 14 different prey species, with five species that were either medium (50–200 kg) or large (>200 kg) in size forming the bulk of kills. The western kob (Kobus kob kob) was the most common (23.5%) wild prey of lions, but worryingly livestock (predominantly cattle) constituted as much as 21.6% of the diet. This creates a conservation problem resulting in lions being killed in retaliation. However, this conflict is strongly exacerbated by herders driving their cattle into the park for forage and water. Wild prey was also consumed outside the park (6.7%), suggesting excursions beyond the park boundary. Lions showed a preference for wild prey over livestock when relative abundances were considered. Management efforts to reduce livestock intrusion into the park and to reverse the declining trends of wild prey populations would significantly reduce predation of livestock and prevent persecution of lions in this park, but conflict mitigation measures outside the park are also urgently needed.
Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension as a Potential Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gazzaruso Carmine , Coppola Adriana , Falcone Colomba , Luppi Chiara , Montalcini Tiziana , Baffero Elisabetta , Gallotti Pietro , Pujia Arturo , Solerte Sebastiano B. , Pelissero Gabriele , Giustina Andrea 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) measures tissue perfusion and is important in the management of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Ankle brachial index (ABI) is used for the diagnosis of PAD and represents a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), even if in diabetes its diagnostic and predictive value seems to be reduced. No study has evaluated TcPO2 as a predictor of cardiovascular events. Aim of this longitudinal study was to assess whether TcPO2 is better than ABI at predicting MACE in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 361 consecutive patients with apparently uncomplicated diabetes, 67 MACE occurred during a follow-up period of 45.8 ± 23.2 months.

RESULTS
The percentage of both subjects with low ABI (≤0.9) and subjects with low TcPO2 (≤46 mmHg as measured by a receiver operating characteristic curve) was significantly (&lt;0.001) greater among patients with than among those without MACEs (ABI 64.2 vs. 40.8; TcPO2 58.2 vs. 34%). The Kaplan-Meier method showed that both low ABI (Mantel log-rank test, 4.087; P = 0.043) and low TcPO2 (Mantel log-rank test, 33.748; P &gt; 0.0001) were associated with a higher rate of MACEs. Cox regression analysis showed that low TcPO2 (hazard ratio 1.78 [95% CI 1.44–2.23]; P &lt; 0.001) was a significant predictor of MACE, while ABI did not enter the model.

CONCLUSIONS
This longitudinal study showed that TcPO2 may be a potential predictor of MACE among patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes and that its predictive value seems to be greater than that of ABI.
Fasting Glucose Level and the Risk of Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Park Chanshin , Guallar Eliseo , Linton John A. , Lee Duk-Chul , Jang Yangsoo , Son Dong Koog , Han Eun-Jeong , Baek Soo Jin , Yun Young Duk , Jee Sun Ha , Samet Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Although diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, the dose-response relationship between fasting glucose levels below those diagnostic of diabetes with cardiovascular events has not been well characterized.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective cohort study of more than one million Koreans was conducted with a mean follow-up of 16 years. A total of 1,197,384 Korean adults with no specific medical conditions diagnosed were classified by baseline fasting serum glucose level. Associations of fasting glucose level with CVD incidence and mortality, stroke incidence and mortality, and all-cause mortality were analyzed using multivariate proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS
The relationships between fasting glucose levels and CVD risks generally followed J-shape curves, with lowest risk in the glucose range of 85–99 mg/dL. As fasting glucose levels increased to &gt;100 mg/dL, risks for CVD, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and thrombotic stroke progressively increased, but risk for hemorrhagic stroke did not. Fasting glucose levels &lt;70 mg/dL were associated with increased risk of all stroke (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) in men and (hazard ratio 1.11, 1.05–1.17) in women.

CONCLUSIONS
Both low glucose level and impaired fasting glucose should be considered as predictors of risk for stroke and coronary heart disease. The fasting glucose level associated with the lowest cardiovascular risk may be in a narrow range.
Schwarz Methods for a Preconditioned WOPSIP Method for Elliptic Problems
Authors: Antonietti Paola F. , Ayuso de Dios Blanca , Brenner Susanne C. , Sung Li-yeng 
Published: February 2013

Abstract We propose and analyze several two-level non-overlapping Schwarz methods
for a preconditioned weakly over-penalized symmetric interior penalty (WOPSIP)
discretization of a second order boundary value problem. We show that the preconditioners
are scalable and that the condition number of the resulting preconditioned
linear systems of equations is independent of the penalty parameter and is of order
H/h, where H and h represent the mesh sizes of the coarse and fine partitions, respectively.
Numerical experiments that illustrate the performance of the proposed two-level Schwarz methods are also presented.
Regular Decompositions for H(div) Spaces
Authors: Kolev Tzanio , Vassilevski Panayot 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe study regular decompositions for H(div) spaces. In particular, we show that such regular decompositions are
closely related to a previously studied ``inf-sup'' condition for parameter-dependent Stokes problems,
for which we provide an alternative, more direct, proof.
Polynomial of Best Uniform Approximation to and Smoothing in Two-level Methods
Authors: Kraus Johannes , Vassilevski Panayot , Zikatanov Ludmil 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe derive defect correction scheme for constructing the sequence of
polynomials of best approximation in the uniform norm to 1/x on a
finite interval with positive endpoints. As an application, we
consider two-level methods for scalar elliptic partial differential
equation (PDE), where the relaxation on the fine grid uses the
aforementioned polynomial of best approximation. Based on a new
smoothing property of this polynomial smoother that we prove,
combined with a proper choice of the coarse space, we obtain as a
corollary, that the convergence rate of the resulting two-level
method is uniform with respect to the mesh parameters, coarsening
ratio and PDE coefficient variation.
A Simplified Calculation of Reduced HCT--Basis Functions in a Finite Element Context
Authors: Meyer Arnd 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present simple formulas for the definition of the basis functions
on a reduced Hsieh-Clough-Tocher (rHCT) element. These formulas use the
P_3-biorthogonal basis in the master triangle and form the resulting basis
with the help of the edge vectors of the triangle only. This allows
for a simple and efficient algorithm to compute the stiffness matrices.
Robust Two-level Domain Decomposition Preconditioners for High-contrast Anisotropic Flows in Multiscale Media
Authors: Efendiev Yalchin , Galvis Juan , Lazarov Raytcho , Margenov Svetozar , Ren Jun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper we discuss robust two-level domain decomposition
preconditioners for highly anisotropic heterogeneous multiscale problems.
We present a construction of several coarse spaces that employ
standard finite element and multiscale
basis functions and discuss
techniques to reduce the dimensions of coarse spaces
without sacrificing the robustness. We experimentally study the
performance of the preconditioner on a variety two-dimensional test problems
with channels of high anisotropy. The numerical tests
confirm the robustness of the perconditioner with respect to the
underlying physical parameters.
Treadmill gait analysis of rehabilitated and independent lower-limb amputees
Authors: Luz Soraia Cristina Tonon da , Ávila Aluisio Otavio Vargas , Andrade Mario César de , Rodrigues Beatriz Conceição Silva Alves 
Published: February 2013

PurposeA description of gait analysis during overground locmotion has been the subject of various studies, in relation to describing both the kinetic and spatial-temporal characteristics of walking. Measuring the gait of amputees using treadmills is a useful test to quantify locomotive ability, and a tool that helps to control gait parameters during rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to describe the kinetic and spatial-temporal characteristics of gait of rehabilitated amputees, measured with an instrumented treadmill.MethodsTwenty-four participants aged between 20 and 40 years were chosen, who had all suffered unilateral traumatic amputation either above or below the knee, and were classified as well-rehabilitated. Following a paperbased assessment form, the participants were subjected to gait analysis on an instrumented treadmill fitted with two force platforms.ResultsThe first peak vertical force of intact and amputated limbs presented higher values and was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) larger than the second peak vertical force for the amputated limb, indicating less propulsion during walking. A significant difference was observed in the load rate in intact and amputated limbs, indicating more overload in the intact limb. The spatial-temporal variables, cadence, step and stride length were significantly greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the below-knee than in the above-knee amputees.ConclusionsThe kinetic and spatial-temporal characteristics of gait, measured with an instrumented treadmill, which were observed in all lower limb amputees involved in this study, were similar to the ones commonly reported in numerous studies on overground walking. Thus, treadmill gait training and control of the progress of rehabilitation with amputees is recommended.
Association between anthropometric indicators and serum lipid profile in adolescents
Authors: Pelegrini Andreia , Glaner Maria Fátima , Petroski Edio Luiz 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study was to verify and analyze the association between anthropometric indicators and serum lipid profiles in adolescents.MethodsThe study included 250 adolescents aged 11–17 years from both sexes. The anthropometric variables measured were body weight, height and waist circumference. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to calculate a nutritional status rating (whether normal weight or overweight) and abdominal obesity, respectively. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were determined by an enzymatic colorimetric method using automatic spectrophotometry and were categorized according to cutoff points established by the III Brazilian Guidelines on Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology.ResultsThe overweight and abdominal obesity prevalence was found to be 23.6% and 40.0%, respectively. Undesirable total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were found in 40.8%, 8.4%, 36.0% and 13.6% of the studied adolescents, respectively. Overweight adolescents were 2.29 (CI 95%, 1.07-4.91) times more likely to have high triglyceride levels, and those with abdominal obesity were 2.47 (CI 95%, 1.14-5.37) times more likely to show high triglyceride levels.ConclusionsA high prevalence of overweight and abdominally obese adolescents, with high levels of serum lipid profiles, were observed. Moreover, overweight and abdominally obese adolescents were more likely to have high triglyceride levels.
The use of the “eduball” educational ball in rural and urban primary schools and the physical fitness levels of children
Authors: Cichy Ireneusz , Rokita Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

PurposeOur study aimed at assessing the effects of introducing a modified physical educational program that uses “eduball” educational balls during exercise, play-time and games on the physical fitness of first-grade primary school students. In addition, the study also took under consideration whether any noted changes depended on where the students lived, i.e., in an urban or rural environment.MethodsA total of 127 first-grade students were selected to participate in the pedagogical experiment, with 48 students from a primary school in an urban environment and 79 students from two primary schools located in rural villages. The physical fitness levels of the children were assessed by using selected batteries from the International Physical Fitness Test before and after implementing the “eduball” physical education program.ResultsThe results found that physical fitness levels were not affected by the use of the “eduball” educational ball, regardless of the environment. However, the physical fitness results of both the boys and girls in the rural experimental group may confirm that the activities that used the educational balls, which emphasize running, can have an impact on the motor development of children’s speed and agility skills.ConclusionsThe boys from the urban experimental and urban control groups in both tests achieved better results than their peers from rural areas. However, this may be more strongly related to the overall higher physical fitness levels of the boys from an urban environment (as was found in the first test), rather than their place of residence or their schools’ sports facilities, which were found to be comparable. In the groups of girls, a somewhat different trend was observed, with girls from the urban environment performing better than girls from rural areas among the analyzed fitness variables in the first test, but with the differences leveling out by the second test.
Physical education in the decade of education for sustainable development: a study with brazilian physical education teachers and educators
Authors: Osborne Renata 
Published: February 2013

PurposeIn light of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, an international proposal led by UNESCO beginning in 2005 and continuing until 2014, this study’s objective was to investigate how physical education, at a local level, can contribute to the goal of sustainable educational development.MethodsIn order to analyze the research objective, a qualitative method was used. Sixteen professionals from public schools participated in the study. Seven schools and three administrative buildings were visited with data collected by means of interviews, observations and document analysis.ResultsThe following issues were addressed: school culture; the relationships between Environmental Education, Education for Sustainable Development and physical education; the cultivation of values through cooperative and competitive games; various challenges; and the opportunities for physical education within the UN’s Decade of Education for Sustainable Development initiative.ConclusionsThis study concluded that: future partnerships with schools should be aware of and respect school culture; efforts should be made to facilitate schoolwork done outside of school; there is a need for investment in school resources as well in the continuing education of teachers; it is necessary to treat both Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development as one symbiotic entity and focus more on the execution of its prerogatives rather than nomenclature.
New geochemical data on fossil wood from the Albian of the Dolomites (Southern Alps, Italy)
Authors: Lukeneder Alexander , Bechtel Achim , Gratzer Reinhard 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Information is provided about organic-matter bearing sediments and fossil drift-wood from the Puez area (Col de Puez, Southern Alps) near Wolkenstein (S. Tyrol, Italy). The locality is located on the Trento Plateau which represents a submarine high during the Lower Cretaceous. Its terpenoid hydrocarbon composition indicates that the wood fragment derived from a conifer belonging to the family Podocarpaceae or Araucariaceae. Intense degradation of OM argues for lengthier drifting. Long-term drifting is also indicated by the infestation of the bivalve Teredo (“shipworm”). The finding of a fossil tree trunk sheds some light on the early Lower Cretaceous tectonic history of the Trento Plateau and the Dolomites.
Remagnetization of Upper Jurassic limestones from the Danubian Unit (Southern Carpathians, Romania): tectonic implications
Authors: Cristian G. Panaiotu , Cristina E. Panaiotu , Iuliana Lazăr 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We present a pioneering paleomagnetic study on Upper Jurassic limestones from the Danubian Unit (Southern Carpathians, Romania). Thermal and alternating field demagnetizations were applied to define the characteristic remanent magnetization component in all six localities (81 samples). All samples have a normal polarity characteristic remanent magnetization. Negative regional and local fold tests suggest that this remanent magnetization is in fact a remagnetization produced by late diagenetic processes. The studied limestones were probably remagnetized during the collision of the Getic Unit and Danubian Unit which took place during the long normal polarity Chron C34 (82-118 Ma). The area mean direction (D = 75.5°, I = 50.0°, α95 = 10.2°, k = 44) implies about 75° clockwise rotation post remagnetization. Our paleomagnetic results further indicate the absence of significant relative rotation between the Getic Unit and the Danubian Unit during the Cenozoic.
Unconventional hydrocarbon resources of the Bjelovar Subdepression (Pannonian Basin System) in Croatia: an overview
Authors: Tomislav Malvić , Ana Majstorović Bušić 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System includes several Miocene chronostratigraphic (sub)stages mostly characterized by weak permeable clastic sediments. They are often also mature source rocks at depths of more than 2500 m, from Late Badenian to Early Pannonian ages, represented by marls and calcitic marls, and kerogene Types II and III. The other types of weakly permeable sediments are tight sandstone mostly of Badenian age. Those two lithotypes are potential unconventional reservoirs described in the Bjelovar Subdepression, regarding their age, geological evolution, lithology, porosity and permeability. Domination of kerogene Type III and low total organic carbon defined marls as gas-bearing source rocks. Both marls and tight sandstones mostly have porosity less than 10 % and permeability less than 10-3 µm2. It is about 10-100 times lesser permeability than in conventional reservoirs. Weakly permeable zones are highly stochastically distributed and fluid flows are relatively short (several meters), which could be enhanced only by the using hydraulic or other fracturing techniques.
Stability of kaolin sand from the Vyšný Petrovec deposit (south Slovakia) in an acid environment
Authors: Martin Pentrák , Jana Madejová , Slávka Andrejkovičová , Peter Uhlík , Peter Komadel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Comprehensive characterization of kaolin sand from the Vyšný Petrovec (VP) deposit in Slovakia by a variety of experimental methods was performed. The quantitative XRD analysis (RockJock software) revealed that the acid-untreated sample contained mainly kaolinite (~60 wt. %), a considerable amount of dioctahedral micas (~32 wt. %) and quartz (~ 7 wt. %). The Hinckley index (HI) and Aparicio-Galán-Ferrel index (AGFI) calculated from the 02l and 11l reflections showed medium-defect kaolinite to be present in the VP kaolin. The influence of the mineral composition of VP kaolin on its stability in 6 mol · dm-3 HCl at 95 °C was investigated. The solid reaction products were examined by chemical analysis; XRD and infrared spectroscopy in both middle (MIR) and near (NIR) regions. Considerably higher dissolution rate of Fe compared to Al indicated that Fe was bounded in a readily soluble phase rather than in kaolinite. While the MIR spectra confirmed the gradual release of the central atoms from the clay minerals layers and creation of amorphous silica upon acid treatment, the NIR spectra revealed the formation of Si-OH groups in the solid reaction product. Relatively high dissolution rate of VP kaolin resulted from the presence of small-grains of mediumdefect kaolinite and clay admixtures in VP kaolin sand.
Pharmacological influence on processes of adjuvant arthritis: effect of the combination of an antioxidant active substance with methotrexate
Authors: Drafi Frantisek , Bauerova Katarina , Kuncirova Viera , Ponist Silvester , Mihalova Danica , Fedorova Tatiana , Harmatha Juraj , Nosal Radomir 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Oxygen metabolism has an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. A certain correlation was observed between oxidative stress, arthritis and the immune system. Reactive oxygen species produced in the course of cellular oxidative phosphorylation and by activated phagocytic cells during oxidative burst, exceed the physiological buffering capacity and result in oxidative stress. The excessive production of ROS can damage protein, lipids, nucleic acids, and matrix components. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an altered antioxidant defense capacity barrier. In the present study the effect of substances with antioxidative properties, i.e. pinosylvin and carnosine, was determined in monotherapy for the treatment of adjuvant arthritis (AA). Moreover carnosine was evaluated in combination therapy with methotrexate. Rats with AA were administered first pinosylvin (30 mg/kg body mass daily per os), second carnosine (150 mg/kg body mass daily per os) in monotherapy for a period of 28 days. Further, rats with AA were administered methotrexate (0.3 mg/kg body mass 2-times weekly per os), and a combination of methotrexate+carnosine, with the carnosine dose being the same as in the previous experiment. Parameters, i.e. changes in hind paw volume and arthritic score were determined in rats as indicators of destructive arthritis-associated clinical changes. Plasmatic levels of TBARS and lag time of Fe2+- induced lipid peroxidation (tau-FeLP) in plasma and brain were specified as markers of oxidation. Plasmatic level of CRP and activity of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in spleen and joint were used as inflammation markers. In comparison to pinosylvin, administration of carnosine monotherapy led to a significant decrease in the majority of the parameters studied. In the combination treatment with methotrexate+carnosine most parameters monitored were improved more remarkably than by methotrexate alone. Carnosine can increase the disease-modifying effect of methotrexate treatment in rat AA.