bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
II. Loi de Beaumont 1182
Authors: zu Löwenstein Michael Prinz 
Published: June 2024

Summary
The Law of Beaumont, established by a charter issued in 1182, was granted over a period of about 150 years for up to 700 villages in present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. It seemingly was to provide incentives to settle or stay in such villages. Based on an analysis of the Latin text (provided with a German translation) the paper questions that the focus of the charter was accurately described in older literature and common handbook entries. In those, the impression is given that the focus was on liberation from serfdom, tax relief and municipal self-government. The paper concludes that a high degree of self-government was indeed an outstanding feature, although it remains unclear whether the citizens originally had the right to elect mayor and jurors. Particularly favourable tax burdens could not be substantiated. There is no mentioning at all of any liberation from serfdom and burdens associated with it. The focus of the charter is on a precise definition of tax burdens and of penalties for crimes and their distribution, and on rules of legal process. Legal certainty in these regards must have been the core of its attractiveness both for citizens and lords and explain its popularity.
VI. Zur ambivalenten Rolle des Telefons beim Waren-Terminhandel
Authors: Treiber Hubert 
Published: June 2024

Summary
This contribution discusses the ambivalent role of the telephone in commodity futures trading. On one hand, the telephone proved to be useful in commodity futures trading since it was easier to use than the telegraph; on the other, it helped to spread prejudices about the commodity futures business. Indeed, this became a political issue in the 1890s as reforms were demanded. The large agrarians of Prussia in the East were particularly interested in these reforms. Above all, the marginal trading deriving from commodity futures was accused of being ‘unfair business’ and provoked great controversy among jurists before 1891. The prevailing view was that marginal trading ‘was the equivalent of a lottery contract’ and thus could not be litigated in court. Max Weber argued forcefully against this view in his work on stock markets, and the view was eventually rendered obsolete by a judgement from the Supreme Court of the Reich, which prompted law makers to act. Although the telephone benefited commodity trading, it also aroused perceptions of unproductive activity which were easy to associate with the view of commodity futures trading as a form of lottery. This was particularly the case because the self worth of workers rested at the end of the 19th century on ‘hard physical labour’, so that the impression of idleness was not tolerated. This is supported by Popitz’s essay “Was tun wir, wenn wir spielen” from 2000: ‘The actions of gamblers do not [leave behind] a product. [Rather], when they play, they are being creative in an unproductive way.’ As such, the telephone helped commodity futures trading to communicate quickly, but at the same time it was also a symbol of unproductive activity and thereby fed the widespread mistrust of the commodity futures business and its associated marginal trading.
IX. Die Juristische Fakultät der Universität Heidelberg im ersten Nachkriegsjahrzehnt – Forschungen und Berichte aus dem öffentlichen Recht
Authors: Ellerbrok Torben , Hüther Paul 
Published: June 2024

Summary
This article aims to shed light on how the resumption of research and teaching in public law at the Faculty of Law in Heidelberg developed after the collapse of National Socialist rule. In particular, the personnel, research and teaching are examined. Thus, the history of Heidelberg University will be further elaborated in a specific field of research. Furthermore, the article provides another small building block for an overall picture of post-war history at the 16 law faculties in the early Federal Republic. The end of National Socialist rule did not lead to a “Stunde Null”; rather, university operations were resumed with remarkable speed within the existing institutional structures. After the horrors of the Second World War, the Heidelberg law faculty set out to reconnect with the Weimar era. On the other hand, the emerging new legal system created points of contact for future-oriented research and teaching.
Drei Geschichten zur richterlichen Begründungspflicht
Authors: Falk Ulrich 
Published: June 2024

Summary
This miscellany reviews a substantial contribution to the research on German judicature and legal culture in the early 19th century by legal historian Clara Günzl: “Eine andere Geschichte der Begründungspflicht. Sichtweisen des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts” (2021). Her solid reconstruction is far more convincing than the older contribution of Stephan Hocks: “Gerichtsgeheimnis und Begründungszwang” (2002). The second part of the miscellany outlines that nevertheless further research has to be conducted to understand the development from a cross-epochal point of view, especially concerning the function of the so called Aktenversendung (transmissio actorum) to the law faculties of the German universities.
Gestational giant panda plasma metabolomics: amino acid metabolism characteristics may predict panda pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Zheng Wen , Zhang Liang , Cai Kailai , Wu Kongju , Liang Ge , Zhang Lu , Liao Lihui , Shen Fujun , Zhang Wenping , Wang Li , Li Yan , Wang Ye , Kou Jie , Zhong Yi , Li Xin , Cheng Jingqiu , Gong Meng , Hou Rong 
Published: June 2024

In brief
The metabolic processes of the gestation period in pandas remain poorly understood. Our study comprehensively characterizes the metabolism of giant pandas during gestation and proposes arginine and histidine as potential novel biomarkers for detecting the pregnancy state of giant pandas.

Abstract
There has been remarkable progress in the conservation and reproduction of giant pandas. However, the physiology of the gestation period in pandas remains poorly understood. The metabolic processes from estrus to pregnancy are dynamic and precisely regulated, playing a crucial role in pregnancy and related dysfunctions. In this study, we conducted a metabolomic analysis of 37 blood samples collected from pandas in estrus, acyclic, and potential pregnant states, employing rigorous screening to minimize the influence of diet. Our findings suggest that a reduced appetite can serve as an indicator for evaluating implantation time, representing a characteristic response to pregnancy and aiding in the prediction of delivery time in pregnant pandas. Metabolomic results indicate great metabolism variation from estrus to pregnancy, highlighting the association between amino acid metabolism and pregnancy outcomes. Compared to other pandas, individuals who successfully bred exhibit significantly elevated levels of arginine and histidine, even 2 months before experiencing a reduced appetite. Furthermore, the lipid profile undergoes distinct dynamic changes only in estrus samples. In summary, our study comprehensively characterizes the metabolism of giant pandas during gestation and proposes arginine and histidine as potential novel biomarkers for detecting the pregnancy state of giant pandas.
The results of immunotherapy in patients with recurrent and metastatic human papilloma virus positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ignatova A. V. , Alymov Yu. V. 
Published: June 2024

Human papilloma virus (HPV), primarily type 16 (less commonly type 18), is associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). According to literature data, between 25 and 70 % of all cases of this cancer are linked to HPV infection. In the USA and some countries of the European Union, HPV-associated OPSCC comprises 60-70 % of all cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HPV-associated OPSCC is characterized by more favorable prognosis and higher survival compared to HPV-negative OPSCC. These types of this pathology are differently characterized in the 8th edition Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis (TNM). Significant differences in survival and disease prognosis led to studies aimed at deintensification of standard OPSCC treatment to minimize adverse events without the loss of effectiveness. Despite more favorable clinical progression, in 15 % of patients with HPV-associated OPSCC even after standard therapy recurrences and/or regional/distant metastases are observed which lead to unfavorable prognosis. Modern treatment schemes for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma include immunotherapy, results of which also depend on HPV-status of the tumor. While clinical trials studying effectiveness of immune drugs include patients with HPV-positive tumors, data on treatment outcomes are contradictory, and molecular mechanisms of HPV effect on the immune response are not fully understood.The article summarizes the data on the effect of positive HPV status on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with progressing/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Rare clinical observation of pronounced response to immunotherapy in a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Vontlaya D. M. , Stryapikhina O. V. , Egorin A. A. , Logvinenko A. V. , Tamrazov R. I. 
Published: June 2024

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the rarest and the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer. It comprises 1-2 % of all cases and is characterized by rapid growth. median survival of patients with this pathology is about 5 months. Clinical manifestations of the disease are rapid deformation in the neck area, progressive respiratory distress, and dysphagia.The article describes a clinical case of a response of unresectable, BRAF-negative, PD-L1-positive (programmed death-ligand 1) anaplastic thyroid cancer to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab.
Genetic and Non-genetic Factors Influencing Semen Production Traits in Dairy Bulls
Authors: Jeevan C. , Karthickeyan S.M.K. , Gopinathan A. , Tirumurugaan K.G. , Vairamuthu S. 
Published: June 2024

Background: The choice of superior herd sires is essential for genetic improvement in dairy cattle, with sperm quality serving as a key factor. Bull semen’s superior qualities are essential for accelerating genetic improvement through AI. These characteristics are affected by several factors, including the environment, management techniques, physiological condition and hereditary factors. This study involved in evaluating genetic and non-genetic factors influencing seminal attributes. Methods: Data on 1,85,413 ejaculates from nine genetic groups viz. Jersey, Holstein Friesian, crossbred Jersey, crossbred Holstein Friesian, Bargur, Kangayam, Pulikulam, Umblachery and Red Sindhi were collected from four frozen semen stations of Tamil Nadu State. Semen production data viz. ejaculate volume (mL), spermatozoa concentration (million per mL), initial motility (percentage), post-thaw motility (percentage), total initial motile spermatozoa and total post-thaw motile spermatozoa were also examined for various genetic and non-genetic factors affecting them using linear mixed model with repeated measures. Result: The overall estimated marginal means for Volume of ejaculate, Concentration of spermatozoa, Initial motility, Total initial motile spermatozoa per ejaculate, Total doses per ejaculate, Post-thaw motility and Total post-thaw motile spermatozoa per ejaculate were 3.11 ± 0.11 (mL), 963 ± 30.60 (106/mL), 79.50 ± 1.29 (per cent), 1847 ± 118 (106), 151.00 ± 7.20, 51.00 ± 0.42 (per cent) and 1535 ± 80.20 (106) respectively.The effect of all genetic and non-genetic factors (farms, ejaculates, period, seasons, age) were observed to be significantly influencing the seminal traits considered in the study. However, the estimated marginal means of each trait displayed varied ranges of mean against non-genetic factors.
The Relative Age Effect presents an opportunity for Scottish football to be “better than FC Barcelona”
Authors: Craig Thomas P. , Navarro Javier Fernandez 
Published: June 2024

An overrepresentation of athletes born earlier in the year compared with those born later in the year is known as the relative age effect (RAE). A ten year analysis of professional players across ten of the top European leagues showed the existence of an RAE in the ten years from 2000 (29.3 vs 19.8%, p<0.01) to 2010 (31.9 vs 18.4%, p<0.01) with the RAE becoming more pronounced with time. A sample from the FC Barcelona Model (Doncaster et al., 2020. Front Sports Act Liv, 2, 91) showed a strong RAE within their male football academy in all youth groups becoming less prevalent with increasing age (Q1 Jan-Mar = 0.53 Q2 Apr-Jun = 0.27; Q3 Jul-Sep = 0.14; and Q4 Oct – Dec = 0.06 [χ_3^2= 53.6, p<0.001]). Despite solutions being proposed in the literature, this indicates these solutions are not being utilised effectively within Europe’s top clubs such as FC Barcelona. Our previous work (Craig and Swinton, 2020, Eur J Sports Sci, 21, 1101-1110) identified strong relative age bias in players awarded professional contracts between 2006 and 2016 in a Scottish academy (Q1 = 0.50; Q2 = 0.26; Q3 = 0.20; and Q4 = 0.05 [χ_3^2= 40.9, p<0.001]). Scottish clubs have limited resources in comparison with Barcelona meaning academy efficiency is paramount. The main study aim was therefore to assess any changes in the relative age effect over a ten-year period in an elite Scottish football academy within the academy player pool. A secondary aim was to establish if physical differences exist across each quarter to assess the impact of any potential RAE. Following ethical approval, a retrospective analysis of 512 academy players (from 2006 to 2016) from a Scottish Academy was assessed for anthropometric, physical performance and RAE impact. The range of players in each quarter was Q1 37.0-42.9% versus Q2 22.8-32.4%, Q3 11.9-26.0% and Q4 7.1-14.3%. Odds Ratio analysis indicate a greater chance of selection within the academy when assessing Q1 vs Q4 players quarter comparisons (ranging 3.2-5.2 time more likely to be part of the academy). There was no impact of time on the RAE over the ten years (p=0.3127). When controlling for age group multilevel modelling showed there were no significant differences across quarters in physical measures. Underrepresented Q4 players who transition through academy soccer can match physically their older peers. The finding that there is no improvement in the RAE with time underpins an efficiency that can be integrated. Using established interventions and corrective procedures can ensure no potential is being removed unnecessarily from the development pathway on the basis of RAE, addressing challenges in financially restricted environments such as Scottish football that resource rich environments such as FC Barcelona have not yet overcome.
Tingkat Ancaman Multi Bencana Alam di Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Hantoro Ryan Daffa , Aliyah Istijabatul , Istanabi Tendra 
Published: June 2024

<em><span lang="EN-US">Kabupaten </span><span>Karanganyar</span><span lang="EN-US">, Provinsi </span><span>Jawa Tengah</span><span lang="EN-US"> mencakup </span><span>dataran rendah hingga </span><span lang="EN-US">dataran tinggi </span><span>Gunung Lawu. </span><span lang="EN-US">Keberagaram alam tersebut membawa berbagai ancaman bencana alam. </span><span>Berdasarkan data dari</span><span lang="EN-US"> Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span>BPBD</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span> Kabupaten Karanganyar</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span lang="EN-US">terdapat</span><span> lima jenis bencana alam yang pernah terjadi di Kabupaten Karanganyar yaitu tanah longso</span><span lang="EN-US">r</span><span>, banjir, kekeringan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, serta cuaca ekstrim</span><span lang="EN-US">. Salah satu bentuk mitigasi bencana untuk menghadapi berbagai macam ancaman bencana alam di Kabupaten Karanganyar adalah dengan menggunakan pemetaan ancaman multi bencana alam. Pemetaan multi bencana alam dapat menunjukan lokasi kritis tingkat ancaman dari salah satu bencana atau lebih. </span><span>Pemetaan ancaman multi bencana Kabupaten </span><span lang="EN-US">K</span><span>aranganyar disusun dengan melakukan serangkaian tahapan yaitu membuat peta ancaman dari masing-masing </span><span lang="EN-US">jenis </span><span>bencana berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) </span><span lang="EN-US">yang </span><span>kemudian digabungkan dengan spatial overlay. Metode yang digunakan adalah skoring dan pembobotan serta overlay antar variabel ancaman bencana menggunakan modifikasi rumusan dari Per</span><span lang="EN-US">aturan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (</span><span>BNPB</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span lang="EN-US">N</span><span>omor 2 </span><span lang="EN-US">T</span><span>ahun 2012 untuk mendapatkan bobot setiap ancaman multi bencana</span><span lang="EN-US"> Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan </span><span>bahwa</span><span lang="EN-US"> wilayah</span><span> Kabupaten Karanganyar didominasi oleh ancaman multi bencana alam dengan tingkat sedang dengan luas 49% dari luas total</span><span lang="EN-US">, </span><span>tingkat tinggi dengan luas 35%, tingkat sangat tinggi dengan luas 9%, tingkat rendah dengan luas 6%, dan tingkat sangat rendah dengan luas r 1% dari luas</span><span lang="EN-US"> total.</span></em>
Kecenderungan Spasial Fasilitas Perkotaan terhadap Sebaran Covid-19 di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Putripraja Diva Primadani , Miladan Nur , Yudana Galing 
Published: June 2024

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">P</span><span lang="IN">enyebaran Covid-19 selalu dikaitkan dengan orang yang menjadi pembawa virus,</span><span lang="IN">seperti</span><span lang="EN-US">kasus konfirmasi tanpa gejala (asimtomatik), kasus suspek, kontak erat</span><span lang="IN">, dan juga yang positif Covid-19. Namun, banyak yang tidak menyadari bahwa pemerintah telah melakukan intervensi terhadap pola ruang, sep</span><span lang="EN-US">erti Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) </span><span lang="IN">serta pembatasan akses pada aktivitas publik lain.</span></em><em><span lang="IN">Berdasarkan data yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah </span><span lang="EN-US">Provinsi </span><span lang="IN">Jawa Tengah</span><span lang="EN-US"> pada Maret tahun 2022</span><span lang="IN">, </span><span lang="EN-US">terdapat</span><span lang="IN">tiga daerah yang memiliki penyebaran virus tertinggi</span><span lang="EN-US"> di provinsi Jawa Tengah</span><span lang="IN">, salah satunya adalah Kota Surakarta </span><span lang="EN-US">yang sampai tanggal 25 Maret 2022 terdapat </span><span lang="IN">36.369 kasus. Pembatasan sosial bagi masyarakat secara tidak langsung memberikan pengaruh terhadap penggunaan fasilitas perkotaan di Kota Surakarta</span><span lang="EN-US"> dari perspektif kecenderungan spasial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kecenderungan spasial fasilitas perkotaan terhadap sebaran </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis pemetaan spasial dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa mayoritas tingkat sebaran </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 berada di zona kawasan sangat tinggi dan tinggi terkonsentrasi di wilayah timur Kota Surakarta yaitu Kelurahan Mojosongo dan Kelurahan Jebres yang terletak di Kecamatan Jebres. Di sisi lain, kecenderungan spasial fasilitas perkotaan yang dikunjungi oleh penyintas </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 berada di zona kawasan rendah dan sangat rendah. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa kecenderungan spasial fasilitas perkotaan yang dikunjungi oleh penyintas </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 tidak berada di dalam kelurahan yang berada di zona kawasan sebaran </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 sangat tinggi sehingga kecenderungan fasilitas perkotaan terhadap sebaran </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 di Kota Surakarta tidaklah memiliki hubungan yang erat. Orientasi tujuan kunjungan yang dilakukan oleh penyintas </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 ke fasilitas perkotaan di Kota Surakarta mayoritas adalah ke fasilitas jenis pasar dengan jumlah penyintas </span><span lang="IN">Covid-</span><span lang="EN-US">19 sebanyak 179 penyintas dan tersebar di seluruh kelurahan di Kota Surakarta.</span></em></p>
Sunlight surveillance: improved monitoring of harmful UV radiation in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Hird Coen , Cramp Rebecca L. , Franklin Craig E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

1) Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has a range of strong effects on freshwater ecosystems, and changing UVR is implicated in global amphibian declines. The link between UVR and amphibian declines is not well understood, largely due to limited understanding of actual UVR exposure regimes in freshwater ecosystems. Logistical challenges in measuring aquatic UVR regimes in situ have impeded progress, including the design of cost-effective radiometric monitoring tools and the measurement of UVR at ecologically relevant scales. 2) We designed novel underwater UVR loggers and deployed them in southeast Queensland creeks to log near-continuous underwater UV Index (UVI) for 11 days across 4 sampling events within the peak amphibian breeding season. We compared these data with solar modelling, dosimetric and handheld radiometric techniques. 3) The dataset (2616 hours from 39 UV sensors) revealed a highly heterogenous daily UVR microenvironment that showed capacity for harmful UVI exposures at both sites. Traditional UVR monitoring techniques often missed these high UVR exposures. 4) Fine scale UVR data logging was proven to be a gold standard of monitoring the UVR microenvironment in freshwater systems. This is important for understanding the relevance of laboratory-based studies investigating how freshwater organisms respond to UVR, monitoring changing UVR in aquatic systems and ultimately predicting how aquatic systems will respond to changes in UVR levels associated with global climate change.