bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opaque Proliferation: The Historiography of Australia's Cold War Nuclear Weapons Option
Authors: Auton Luke 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article looks at Australia's Cold War Interest in Manufacturing or Otherwise Acquiring nuclear weapons. It will examine the development of the historiography and highlight views from the field, including perspectives from disciplines other than history. Its key objective will be to show how these views have informed contemporary observations about nuclear issues in Australia, and question why it is that discussion of such issues invites allusions to everything from previous nuclear weapon ‘ambitions’, to a genuine Australian nuclear weapon programme. This paper will contend that such allusions reflect divergent views in the field, as well as the poor collective capacity of the historiography for depicting the complexity – and denoting the dynamics – of proliferation. The final goal of this paper will be to survey how the historiography is evolving to increasingly bring together the various approaches and judgments on Australia's Cold War nuclear weapons option.
Histological features associated with occult lymph node metastasis in FIGO clinical stage I, grade I endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Han Guangming , Lim Diana , Leitao Mario M , Abu‐Rustum Nadeem R , Soslow Robert A 
Published: August 2013

AimsLymph node involvement affects prognosis/treatment in endometrial carcinoma patients. We assessed various histological features associated with nodal metastasis in patients with grade I, stage I endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC).Methods and resultsEighteen stage I EECs with occult positive lymph nodes and 36 controls were assessed for depth of myoinvasion; microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern of myometrial invasion; lymphovascular invasion (LVI); and epithelial metaplasia. Nodal metastases were subclassified as isolated tumour cells (ITCs; ≤0.2 mm), micrometastasis (>0.2 mm and <2 mm), or macrometastasis (≥2 mm). Node‐positive cases had significantly higher rates of LVI (P < 0.001) and MELF invasion (P = 0.003) on univariate analysis. Only LVI was associated significantly with nodal metastasis on multivariate analysis (P = 0.002). Tumours with MELF invasion demonstrated reduced E‐cadherin expression. Macrometastases were identified in seven cases (39%) with or without micrometastasis/ITCs. Eight (44%) contained only ITCs. Eleven (61%) had histiocyte‐like nodal metastases. Biopsy material from four of six (67%) and five of 17 (29%) cases with and without nodal metastasis showed detached eosinophilic tumour cell buds. Of the former, three were associated with histiocyte‐like nodal metastases – a feature absent in biopsies without tumour budding.ConclusionsLymph nodes from grade I EEC exhibiting cellular budding or LVI should be examined for occult metastases, especially in the form of histiocyte‐like cells.
LABORATORY DATABASE POPULATION SURVEILLANCE TO IMPROVE DETECTION OF PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Kennedy David M. , Chatha Kamaljit , Rayner Hugh C. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundSome patients with chronic kidney disease are still referred late for specialist care despite the evidence that earlier detection and intervention can halt or delay progression to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD).ObjectivesTo develop a population surveillance system using existing laboratory data to enable early detection of patients at high risk of ESKD by reviewing cumulative graphs of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).MethodsA database was developed, updated daily with data from the laboratory computer. Cumulative eGFR graphs containing up to five years of data are reviewed by clinical scientists for all primary care patients or out‐patients with a low eGFR for their age. For those with a declining trend, a report containing the eGFR graph is sent to the requesting doctor. A retrospective audit was performed using historical data to assess the predictive value of the graphs.ResultsIn nine months, we reported 370,000 eGFR results, reviewing 12,000 eGFR graphs. On average 60 graphs per week were flagged as ‘high’ or ‘intermediate’ risk. Patients with graphs flagged as high risk had a significantly higher mortality after 3.5 years and a significantly greater chance of requiring renal replacement therapy after 4.5 years of follow‐up. Five patients (7%) with graphs flagged as high risk had a sustained >25% fall in eGFR without evidence of secondary care referral. Feedback about the service from requesting clinicians was 73% positive.ConclusionsWe have developed a system for laboratory staff to review cumulative eGFR graphs for a large population and identify patients at highest risk of developing ESKD. Further research is needed to measure the impact of this service on patient outcomes.
Ichthyophonus‐infected walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) in the eastern Bering Sea: a potential reservoir of infections in the North Pacific
Authors: White V C , Morado J F , Friedman C S 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn 2003, the Alaska walleye pollock industry reported product quality issues attributed to an unspecified parasite in fish muscle. Using molecular and histological methods, we identified the parasite in Bering Sea pollock as Ichthyophonus. Infected pollock were identified throughout the study area, and prevalence was greater in adults than in juveniles. This study not only provides the first documented report of Ichthyophonus in any fish species captured in the Bering Sea, but also reveals that the parasite has been present in this region for nearly 20 years and is not a recent introduction. Sequence analysis of 18S rDNA from Ichthyophonus in pollock revealed that consensus sequences were identical to published parasite sequences from Pacific herring and Yukon River Chinook salmon. Results from this study suggest potential for Ichthyophonus exposures from infected pollock via two trophic pathways; feeding on whole fish as prey and scavenging on industry‐discharged offal. Considering the notable Ichthyophonus levels in pollock, the low host specificity of the parasite and the role of this host as a central prey item in the Bering Sea, pollock likely serve as a key Ichthyophonus reservoir for other susceptible hosts in the North Pacific.
Impact of Interatrial Septum Anatomic Features on Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcomes After Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale: Single Device Type Versus Anatomic‐Driven Device Selection Strategy
Authors: RIGATELLI GIANLUCA , DELL'AVVOCATA FABIO , DAGGUBATI RAMESH , DUNG HO THUONG , NGHIA NGUYEN THUONG , NANJIUNDAPPA ARAVINDA , GIORDAN MASSIMO , CARDAIOLI PAOLO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundsWe reported the short‐ and long‐term results of our institutional single center registry Interatrial Septum Interventions Study (ISIS) about the impact of different anatomic characteristics and related device selection in patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure.MethodsOver a 9 year period (September 2003–September 2012) we prospectively enrolled 340 consecutive patients (mean age 44 ± 15. 5 years, 198 females) who had been referred to our center for PFO catheter‐based closure. The first 105 patients received a single type of device independently from the anatomy (single device strategy). The remaining 235 patients received a different device based on intracardiac echocardiographic study of interatrial septum anatomy (anatomic strategy).ResultsImmediate success rate was 100% in both groups, whereas the rate of immediate complications was 10.4% and 2.5% (P < 0.01) in the single strategy group and anatomic strategy group, respectively. During a mean follow‐up of 59.3 ± 28.9 months, the occlusion rate was 86.6% and 94%, whereas the incidence of recurrences was 1.8% and 0% in the single device strategy group and anatomic strategy group, respectively.ConclusionThe results from ISIS registry showed that anatomy of interatrial septum associated with PFO is quite complex leading to an increased rate of complications and a slightly lower closure rate if treated with a single device strategy.
Breastfeeding and maternal weight changes during 24 months post‐partum: a cohort study
Authors: da Silva Maria da Conceição M. , Oliveira Assis Ana Marlúcia , Pinheiro Sandra Maria C. , de Oliveira Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães , da Cruz Thomaz Rodrigues P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe relationship between breastfeeding and the loss of weight gained during pregnancy remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding and maternal weight changes during 24 months post‐partum. We studied a dynamic cohort comprising 315 women living in two cities in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The outcome variable was change in the post‐partum weight; the exposure variable was the duration and intensity of breastfeeding. Demographic, socio‐economic, environmental, reproductive and lifestyle factors were integrated in the analysis as covariates. The data were analysed using multiple linear regression and linear mixed‐effects models. The average cumulative weight loss at 6 months post‐partum was 2.561 kg (SD 4.585), increasing at 12 months (3.066 kg; SD 5.098) and decreasing at 18 months (1.993 kg; SD 5.340), being 1.353 kg (SD, 5.574) at 24 months post‐partum. After adjustment, the data indicated that for every 1‐point increase in breastfeeding score, the estimated average post‐partum weight loss observed was 0.191 kg at 6 months (P = 0.03), 0.090 kg at 12 months (P = 0.043), 0.123 kg at 18 months (P < 0.001) and 0.077 kg at 24 months (P = 0.001). Based on these results, we concluded that despite the low expressiveness, the intensity and duration of breastfeeding was associated with post‐partum weight loss at all stages of the study during the 24‐month follow‐up.
‘Sometimes they fail to keep their faith in us’: community health worker perceptions of structural barriers to quality of care and community utilisation of services in Bangladesh
Authors: Puett Chloe , Alderman Harold , Sadler Kate , Coates Jennifer 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCommunity health workers (CHWs) have strong potential to extend health and nutrition services to underserved populations. However, CHWs face complex challenges when working within weak health systems and among communities with limited abilities to access and utilise CHW services. It is crucial to understand these challenges to improve programme support mechanisms. This study describes the results of qualitative investigations into CHW perceptions of barriers to quality of care among two groups of workers implementing community case management of acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea and severe acute malnutrition in southern Bangladesh. We explored systemic barriers to service delivery, pertaining to communities and health systems, which limited the usefulness and effectiveness of CHW services. Focus group discussions (n = 10) were conducted in March 2010. Discussions were analysed for themes related to CHWs' work challenges. Findings highlight several perceived barriers to effective service provision, including community poverty constraining uptake of recommended practices, irregular supplies of medicine from the health facility and poor quality of care for CHW referrals sent there. This study further documents interactions between demand‐side and supply‐side constraints including the influence of health system resource constraints on community trust in CHW services, and the influence of community resource constraints on the utilisation and effectiveness of CHW services. By documenting service delivery challenges from the perspective of the frontline workers themselves, this article contributes evidence to help identify appropriate support mechanisms for these workers, in order to develop scalable and sustainable CHW programmes in countries with under‐resourced public health care infrastructure.
Overweight and obesity are associated with musculoskeletal complaints as early as childhood: a systematic review
Authors: Paulis W. D. , Silva S. , Koes B. W. , van Middelkoop M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn order to examine (i) the association between weight status and musculoskeletal complaints (MSC) in children, and (ii) whether overweight and obese children have a higher risk of developing MSC than normal‐weight children Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched (all years up to 2 January 2013) for observational studies studying direct associations between body mass index (or weight status) and MSC in children.Forty studies, together studying over one million children, were included. There was moderate quality of evidence that being overweight in childhood is positively associated with musculoskeletal pain (risk ratio [RR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.45). In addition, low quality of evidence was found for a positive association between overweight and low back pain (RR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.03–1.97) and between overweight and injuries and fractures (RR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03–1.14). Although the risk of developing an injury was significantly higher for overweight than for normal‐weight adolescents (RR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.10), this evidence was of very low quality.Overweight and obesity are associated with musculoskeletal pain, injuries and fractures as early as childhood. More high‐quality prospective cohort studies are needed to study the nature of this relationship.
Local application of periodontal ligament stromal cells promotes soft tissue regeneration
Authors: Baik H‐S , Park J , Lee K‐J , Chung C 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo test the potential stimulatory effect of local application of periodontal ligament (PDL) stromal cells on soft tissue regeneration.Materials and MethodsFluorescently labeled PDL cells outgrown from extracted human premolars or phosphate‐buffered saline were locally injected to the cutaneous wounds created on mice. Soft tissue regeneration was evaluated for 14 days using photographs and histomorphometry. PDL cell engraftment was tracked with confocal microscopy. To detect the paracrine effect of the PDL cells on soft tissue regeneration, PDL cell‐conditioned medium (CM) was evaluated for the concentration of secretory factors, transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGFβ1). The effect of PDL CM on the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte was tested using MTT assay and migration assay.ResultsThe application of PDL cells significantly promoted soft tissue regeneration compared with the application of PBS. Self‐replicating PDL cells were engrafted into the hair follicles of the host tissue. Dermal fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte migration were significantly enhanced by the treatment with PDL CM. Physiologically significant amount of TGFβ1 was secreted from PDL cells into the CM.ConclusionLocal injection of PDL cells promoted soft tissue regeneration in part by the enhancement of fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte migration through a paracrine mechanism.
Study on post‐operative complications after outpatient treatments
Authors: van der Sleen J.M. , van Gool A.V. , de Lange J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThis study analyses the post‐operative telephone contacts and complications after minor surgery.Material and methodsIn a prospective study design, all patients who underwent oral surgery in the outpatient clinic were included, and post‐operative telephone contacts and complications were recorded. The surgical interventions were divided into four groups: removal of third molars, apicectomies, placement of implants and removal of teeth other than third molars. The following characteristics were registered for each patient: gender, age, smoking habit, medical status, duration of the surgery, location of the interventions (upper or lower jaw), surgical difficulty classification and the number of teeth extracted.ResultsIn total, 1080 patients were included: 526 third molar extractions, 122 apicectomies, 123 implants and 309 extractions of other teeth. There were significantly more post‐operative telephone contacts and complications associated with longer surgeries (P = 0.025 and 0.014), treatment in the mandible (P = 0.024 and 0.041) and surgical complexity of third molar extractions (P = 0.013 and 0.005).ConclusionsOverall, increasing age, gender, medical status and smoking habit were not identified as risk factors. In conclusion, there were significantly more telephone calls and post‐operative complications associated with difficult mandibular third molar extractions that required longer surgical times.
Epiduroscopy for Patients With Lumbosacral Radicular Pain
Authors: Kallewaard Jan Willem , Vanelderen Pascal , Richardson Jonathan , Van Zundert Jan , Heavner James , Groen Gerbrand Jan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLumbosacral radicular pain is a pain in the distribution area of one of the nerves of the lumbosacral plexus, with or without sensory and/or motor impairment. A major source of lumbosacral radicular pain is failed back surgery, which is defined as persistent or recurrent pain, mainly in the region of the lower back and legs even after technically, anatomically successful spine surgeries. If lumbosacral radicular neuropathic pain fails to respond to conservative or interventional treatments, epiduroscopy can be performed as part of a multidisciplinary approach. Epiduroscopy aids in identifying painful structures in the epidural space, establishing a diagnosis and administering therapy. The novelty consists in the use of an epiduroscope to deliver therapies such as adhesiolysis and targeted administration of epidural medications. Clinical trials report favorable treatment outcomes in 30% to 50% of patients. Complications are rare and related to the rate or volume of epidural fluid infusion or inadvertent dural puncture. In patients with lumbosacral radicular pain, especially after back surgery, epiduroscopy with adhesiolysis may be considered (evidence rating 2 B+).
One‐year follow up after admission to an emergency department for drug overdose in Japan
Authors: Ando Shuntaro , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Kanata Sho , Hojo Aya , Yasugi Daisuke , Eto Nobuaki , Kawanishi Chiaki , Asukai Nozomu , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: August 2013

AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for repetition of suicidal behavior within a year after admission for drug overdose in Japan.MethodsPatients admitted to the emergency department of a general public hospital in Tokyo for drug overdose of prescribed medicine and/or over‐the‐counter drugs between March 2008 and February 2009 were followed up after 1 year. Demographic characteristics, previous suicide attempts, and mental health state were examined by self‐report questionnaire and interview at recovery from the initial attempt. Information about suicidal behavior during the follow‐up period was obtained from the outpatient psychiatrists by postal questionnaire 1 year after discharge.ResultsOf 190 patients admitted to the emergency department, 132 patients answered the questionnaire and had the interview. Information about thefollow‐up period for 66 patients was obtained. Of the 66 patients, 28 patients attempted suicide again and two patients committed suicide during the 1‐year follow‐up period. Psychiatric diagnosis of personality disorder and denial of suicidal intent at the time of recovery were associated with increased risk for another suicide attempt. Lethality levels of suicidal behaviors before and after admission were associated with each other.ConclusionThe rate of fatal and non‐fatal suicide attempt within a year after admission for self‐poisoning was substantial. Psychiatric diagnosis of personality disorder was a risk factor for repetition of suicide attempt. Clinicians should pay attention to the means of previous suicide attempts even though the patient denies suicidal intent at recovery.
Toward a Social Theory of Resilience: Social Systems, Cultural Systems, and Collective Action in Transitioning Forest‐Based Communities
Authors: Lyon Christopher , Parkins John R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractImpacts from post‐Fordist and poststaples economic transition in theCanadian natural resource sector have resulted in dramatic challenges to the livelihoods of many rural residents and the viability of many rural communities. This study seeks to understand community response to economic transition through a lens of social ecological resilience. This article puts forwardArcher's theory of cultural morphogenesis as an analogous model of social ecological change that focuses attention on cultural systems, cultural elaboration, and collective action within an adaptive cycle of resilience. With case material from focused ethnographies of two forest‐dependent communities, we identify distinctive interactions between culture and agency over time that condition community response to change, and we make an analytical distinction between the social system and cultural system. These insights point to catalysts for collective action and adaptation within a resilient cultural realm that extend beyond institutional factors such as economic dependency or political opportunity. By integrating culture, we also deepen the social theory contribution to social‐ecological resilience.
The development of an integrated care model for patients with severe or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the COPD–Home model
Authors: Sunde Synnøve , Walstad Rolf Aksel , Bentsen Signe Berit , Lunde Solfrid J. , Wangen Eva Marie , Rustøen Tone , Henriksen Anne Hildur 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundAdherence to guidelines for managing stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its exacerbations is inadequate among healthcare workers and patients. An appropriate care model would meet patient needs, enhance their coping with COPD and improve their quality of life (QOL).AimThis study aims to present the ‘COPD–Home’ as an integrated care model for patients with severe or very severe COPD.ModelOne principle of the COPD–Home model is that hospital treatment should lead to follow up in the patient's home. The model also includes education, improved coordination of levels of care, improved accessibility and a management plan. One of the main elements of the COPD–Home model is the clear role of the home‐care nurse. Model development is based on earlier research and clinical experience. It comprises: (i) education provided through an education programme for patients and involved nurses, (ii) joint visits and telephone checks, (iii) a call centre for support and communication with a general practitioner and (iv) an individualised self‐management plan including home monitoring and a plan for pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.ConclusionThe COPD–Home model attempts to cultivate competences and behaviours of patients and community nurses that better accord with guidelines for interventions. The next step in its development will be to evaluate its ability to assist both healthcare workers and planners to improve the management of COPD, reduce exacerbations and improve QOL and coping among patients with COPD.
Focused information criterion and model averaging based on weighted composite quantile regression
Authors: Xu Ganggang , Wang Suojin , Huang Jianhua Z. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study the focused information criterion and frequentist model averaging and their application to post‐model‐selection inference for weighted composite quantile regression (WCQR) in the context of the additive partial linear models. With the non‐parametric functions approximated by polynomial splines, we show that, under certain conditions, the asymptotic distribution of the frequentist model averaging WCQR‐estimator of a focused parameter is a non‐linear mixture of normal distributions. This asymptotic distribution is used to construct confidence intervals that achieve the nominal coverage probability. With properly chosen weights, the focused information criterion based WCQR estimators are not only robust to outliers and non‐normal residuals but also can achieve efficiency close to the maximum likelihood estimator, without assuming the true error distribution. Simulation studies and a real data analysis are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.