bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Difficulties of Teaching IFRS in Russia
Authors: Vysotskaya Anna , Prokofieva Maria 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT:
In recent years Russia has undergone radical changes in all spheres of life, prompted by the transition from a centrally planned economy to an open market-based economy. Dramatic changes such as privatization, the development of private business entities, and foreign investment in the Russian economy have brought changes in the accounting field, including those arising from a decision to adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). While Russia has not yet implemented IFRS in full for all types of businesses, it has made considerable steps over the years to introduce IFRS into its accounting system. From 2012, Russia is adopting IFRS fully for publicly listed companies. This paper provides an overview of the changes in accounting education that have ensued from the decision to adopt IFRS, including the educational reforms that have taken place. The paper reviews these changes from a historical perspective and investigates existing problems caused by the transition.
Effect of text message follow-up on patient's self-reported level of pain and anxiety
Authors: Keith Daniel J. , Rinchuse Daniel J. , Kennedy Meghan , Zullo Thomas 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To determine whether a text message reduces the severity of patient self-reported levels of pain and anxiety following initial placement of orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-nine orthodontic patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups and matched for age, gender, and bracket type (self-ligating vs conventional). The subjects completed baseline questionnaires to ascertain their levels of pain and anxiety before initiating orthodontic treatment. Following the initial appointment, subjects completed the pain questionnaire and anxiety inventory at the same time daily for 1 week. One group received a structured text message showing concern and reassurance, while the second group served as a control and received no postprocedural communication.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference in pain in relation to time between the text message group and the control group as it was demonstrated that demonstrated that compared with the text message group, mean pain intensity increased and selfreported discomfort was longer in the control group. Anxiety was determined to be at its peak the day following initial orthodontic appliance placement and gradually tapered off from that time point. No intergroup difference was noted when analyzing anxiety.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that a text message sent from an orthodontic office following initial appliance placement resulted in a lower level of patient's self-reported pain. Additionally, patient anxiety is at its peak the day following the initial appointment and decreases from that point forward.
A Case of 'Over-Cropping': Causes and Consequences of Qing Dynasty Approval to Plough and Plant the Inner Mongolian Grasslands
Authors: Geng Xiaoming , Gao Guorong 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Significant grassland degradation in Inner Mongolia is generally attributed by Chinese officials and scholars to overgrazing, whereas the effects of opening up grassland for farming, or what might be considered as 'over-cropping', are overlooked. We explore this issue from a historical perspective, and focus on ploughing-up and cultivation activities promoted by the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) during its last years, from 1902 to 1908. Crop expansion during that short period created profound social and ecological transformations in Inner Mongolia, and can be considered as marking the start of (a) agricultural dominance over herding, and (b) large-scale grassland degradation in the region during the twentieth century. This study indicates that over-cropping was a significant factor in reported grassland degradation in Inner Mongolia.
Climate Variability, Change of Land Use and Vulnerability in Pastoral Society: A Case from Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Climate variability is a primary characteristic of arid and semi-arid areas where drought occurs frequently. As a disaster, drought is the result of both low precipitation and social factors. If the institutions governing grassland use fail to deal with drought, grassland degradation and herder poverty will result. Based on a case study conducted in Hexigten Banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, we found that drought impacts caused by climate variability were aggravated by resource use conflicts. A series of social and economic changes in pastoral societies, including grassland segmentation, sedentarization, increased buying-in of fodder, decrease in cooperation amongst herders, and industrial development, have made herders more vulnerable to drought. Less fodder production, increased costs, and heavy debt within a disrupted community make a herder's life unsustainable. The paper points out that changes driven by policy makers may aggravate herders' vulnerability and that an alternative approach of adaptation should be developed.
The Dilemma of Conserving Rangeland by Means of Development: Exploring Ecological Resettlement in a Pastoral Township of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In the last decade environmental policies, particularly ecological resettlement, have changed China's pastoral areas. This paper explores the difficulty in conserving rangeland through ecological resettlement. The paper focuses on how ecological resettlement policy has been translated into practice, and how the affected people responded with migration decisions. Empirical findings in a pastoral township in Inner Mongolia demonstrate that local politicians have used the projects to stress economic restructuring, promotion of non-farming activities and urbanization. Meanwhile, affected households have used migration strategies to adapt to the changing economic and social environments rather than the changing natural environment. The difficulty of conserving rangelands and the marginalization of environmental concerns is a result of locally defined modernization development interests and the affected households' adaptive behaviours.
Ecological Resettlement of Tibetan Herders in the Sanjiangyuan: A Case Study in Madoi County of Qinghai
Authors: Du Fachun 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Ecological resettlement (shengtai yimin in Chinese) has been initiated by the Chinese government on a large scale and aims to help degraded landscapes to recover and to improve the living standards of local people in western China. Since 2003, the government has invested RMB 7.5 billion (Chinese yuan, over U.S.$1 billion) in Qinghai Province to establish the world's second-largest nature reserve around the headwaters of the Yangtze, the Yellow and the Mekong rivers (Sanjiangyuan). The resettlement of Tibetan herders from the Sanjiangyuan grasslands to urban areas is one of the project activities. Resettlement and the grazing ban policy are understood to have profound implications for those being resettled, as well as for their home and host areas. In particular, its rationale and consequences need rethinking, from both an ecological and socio-economic perspective. This article draws on field research and a case study in Madoi County to argue the logic for resettlement, to examine its socio-economic consequences and environmental effects, and to explore possible solutions.
Videolaparoscopic Catheter Placement Reduces Contraindications to Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Santarelli Stefano , Zeiler Matthias , Monteburini Tania , Agostinelli Rosa Maria , Marinelli Rita , Degano Giorgio , Ceraudo Emilio 
Published: December 2012

Background Videolaparoscopy is considered the reference method for peritoneal catheter placement in patients with previous abdominal surgery. The placement procedure is usually performed with at least two access sites: one for the catheter and the second for the laparoscope. Here, we describe a new one-port laparoscopic procedure that uses only one abdominal access site in patients not eligible for laparotomic catheter placement. Method We carried out one-port laparoscopic placement in 21 patients presenting contraindications to blind surgical procedures because of prior abdominal surgery. This technique consists in the creation of a single mini-laparotomy access through which laparoscopic procedures and placement are performed. The catheter, rectified by an introducer, is inserted inside the port. Subsequently, the port is removed, leaving the catheter in pelvic position. The port is reintroduced laterally to the catheter, confirming or correcting its position. Laparotomic placement was performed in a contemporary group of 32 patients without contraindications to blind placement. Complications and long-term catheter outcome in the two groups were evaluated. Results Additional interventions during placement were necessary in 12 patients of the laparoscopy group compared with 5 patients of the laparotomy group ( p = 0.002). Laparoscopy documented adhesions in 13 patients, with need for adhesiolysis in 6 patients. Each group had 1 intra-operative complication: leakage in the laparoscopy group, and intestinal perforation in the laparotomy group. During the 2-year follow-up period, laparoscopic revisions had to be performed in 6 patients of the laparoscopy group and in 5 patients of the laparotomy group ( p = 0.26). The 1-year catheter survival was similar in both groups. Laparoscopy increased by 40% the number of patients eligible to receive peritoneal dialysis. Conclusions Videolaparoscopy placement in patients not eligible for blind surgical procedures seems to be equivalent to laparotomic placement with regard to complications and long-term catheter outcome. The number of patients able to receive peritoneal dialysis is substantially increased.
Quorum Sensing Contributes to Activated IgM-Secreting B Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Montaudouin Caroline , Anson Marie , Hao Yi , Duncker Susanne V. , Fernandez Tahia , Gaudin Emmanuelle , Ehrenstein Michael , Kerr William G. , Colle Jean-Hervé , Bruhns Pierre , Daëron Marc , Freitas António A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Maintenance of plasma IgM levels is critical for immune system function and homeostasis in humans and mice. However, the mechanisms that control homeostasis of the activated IgM-secreting B cells are unknown. After adoptive transfer into immune-deficient hosts, B lymphocytes expand poorly, but fully reconstitute the pool of natural IgM-secreting cells and circulating IgM levels. By using sequential cell transfers and B cell populations from several mutant mice, we were able to identify novel mechanisms regulating the size of the IgM-secreting B cell pool. Contrary to previous mechanisms described regulating homeostasis, which involve competition for the same niche by cells having overlapping survival requirements, homeostasis of the innate IgM-secreting B cell pool is also achieved when B cell populations are able to monitor the number of activated B cells by detecting their secreted products. Notably, B cell populations are able to assess the density of activated B cells by sensing their secreted IgG. This process involves the FcγRIIB, a low-affinity IgG receptor that is expressed on B cells and acts as a negative regulator of B cell activation, and its intracellular effector the inositol phosphatase SHIP. As a result of the engagement of this inhibitory pathway, the number of activated IgM-secreting B cells is kept under control. We hypothesize that malfunction of this quorum-sensing mechanism may lead to uncontrolled B cell activation and autoimmunity.
Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity in H2-O–Deficient Mice
Authors: Gu Yapeng , Jensen Peter E. , Chen Xinjian 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
HLA-DO/H2-O is a highly conserved, nonpolymorphic MHC class II-like molecule expressed in association with H2-M in thymic epithelial cells, B lymphocytes, and primary dendritic cells. The physiological function of DO remains unknown. The finding of cell maturation-dependent DO expression in B lymphocytes and dendritic cells suggests the possibility that H2-O functions to promote the presentation of exogenous Ag by attenuating presentation of endogenous self-peptides. In the current study, we report that H2-O−/− mice spontaneously develop high titers of IgG2a/c antinuclear Abs (ANAs) with specificity for dsDNA, ssDNA, and histones. Reconstitution of RAG1−/− mice with T and B cells from H2-O−/− or wild-type mice demonstrated that production of ANAs requires participation of CD4+ T cells from H2-O−/− mice. Bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that loss of H2-O expression in thymic epithelial cells did not induce ANAs, and that lack of H2-O expression in bone marrow-derived cells was sufficient to induce the autoimmune phenotype. Despite production of high titers of autoantibodies, H2-O−/− mice exhibit a delayed generation of humoral immunity to model Ags (OVA and keyhole limpet hemocyanin), affecting all major T-dependent Ig classes, including IgG2a/c. Ag presentation experiments demonstrated that presentation of exogenous Ag by H2-O−/− APC was inefficient as compared with wild-type APC. Thus, H2-O promotes immunity toward exogenous Ags while inhibiting autoimmunity. We suggest that H2-O, through spatially or temporally inhibiting H2-M, may enhance presentation of exogenous Ag by limiting newly generated MHC class II molecules from forming stable complexes with endogenous self-peptides.
Central Role for Endothelial Human Deneddylase-1/SENP8 in Fine-Tuning the Vascular Inflammatory Response
Authors: Ehrentraut Stefan F. , Kominsky Douglas J. , Glover Louise E. , Campbell Eric L. , Kelly Caleb J. , Bowers Brittelle E. , Bayless Amanda J. , Colgan Sean P. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that control responses to inflammation is critical to the development of effective therapies. We sought to define the most proximal regulators of the Cullin (Cul)-RING ligases, which play a central role in the stabilization of NF-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In these studies, we identify the human deneddylase-1 (SENP8) as a key regulator of Cul neddylation response in vitro and in vivo. Using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs), we examined inflammatory responses to LPS or TNF-α by assessing Cul neddylation status, NF-κB and HIF-1α stabilization, and inflammatory cytokine secretion. HMECs with an intact neddylation pathway showed a time-dependent induction of Cul-1 neddylation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, stabilization of HIF-1α, and increased NF-κB/HIF-α promoter activity in response to LPS. HMECs lacking SENP8 were unable to neddylate Cul-1 and subsequently were unable to activate NF-κB or HIF-1α. Pharmacological targeting of neddylation (MLN4924) significantly abrogated NF-κB responses, induced HIF-1α promoter activity, and reduced secretion of TNF-α–elicited proinflammatory cytokines. MLN4924 stabilized HIF and abrogated proinflammatory responses while maintaining anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses in vivo following LPS administration. These studies identify SENP8 as a proximal regulator of Cul neddylation and provide an important role for SENP8 in fine-tuning the inflammatory response. Moreover, our findings provide feasibility for therapeutic targeting of the Culs during inflammation.
Simultaneous Bilateral Carotid Stenting in a Series of 9 Patients: A Single-Center Experience with Review of Literature
Authors: Alurkar Anand , Karanam Lakshmi Sudha Prasanna , Nayak Suresh , Oak Sagar 
Published: December 2012

Objectives:
Simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting (SBCAS) is a challenging procedure, and selection criteria play an important role in determining the final outcome. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the SBCAS in a series of 9 patients with significant bilateral carotid artery disease (>50% on the symptomatic side and >60% on the asymptomatic side).

Materials and Methods:
The present study is a retrospective study of 9 patients from January 2005 to December 2012 in a tertiary care center. There were 8 males and 1 female in the age range 50 to 75 years and an average mean age of 63 years. Inclusion criteria of the present study were patients with bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis >50% (50 - 99%) in the symptomatic side and >60% in the asymptomatic side as seen on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). SBCAS with use of distal protection device (Spider device, ev3), to prevent intra-procedural embolic migration, was done in all the patients.

Results:
Technical success was achieved in all patients (100%). Post-procedural events in the form of hypotension and bradycardia occurred in 3 patients after the placement of stent on both the sides, in 2 patients after the placement of the first stent, and in 1 patient after the placement of the second stent. We did not encounter any cases of hyperperfusion, which was a concern in these patients. There were no deaths, major or minor strokes, or myocardial infarction either in the post-procedural period (up to 1 month) or on clinical follow-up 3 and 6 months post-treatment.

Conclusion:
SBCAS was an effective and safe alternative treatment method in a select group of patients with bilateral carotid artery disease. It can be considered as a feasible treatment option with acceptable risks.
Use of Early Indicators in Rehabilitation Process to Predict One-Year Mortality in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Dubljanin-Raspopović Emilija , Denić Ljiljana Marković , Marinković Jelena , Grajić Mirko , Vujadinović Sanja Tomanović , Bumbaširević Marko 
Published: December 2012

Hip fractures remain one of the most devastating injuries in the elderly. Early prediction of outcome following hip fracture potentially results in more efficient health care. The aims of this study were to explore predictors of ambulation status at hospital discharge in patients ≥65 years of age operated on for fracture of the hip, and to investigate the impact of ambulation status at hospital discharge on 1-year mortality after hip fracture. We studied 344 patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture during a 12 month period. Multivariate regression analysis was used to explore predictive factors for ambulatory status at discharge, and 1-year mortality adjusted on important baseline variables. Cumulative 1-year mortality was significantly lower for patients in the ambulatory group when compared to patients in the non-ambulatory group. Patients who were older, had severe cognitive impairment, lower functional level before injury, and in whom postoperative delirium and pressure ulcers occurred had a higher chance of not recovering their gait ability at hospital discharge, and being dead 1 year after hip fracture. Inability to walk at hospital discharge and presence of delirium are independent predictors of 1-year mortality. Every effort should be made to assure early mobilisation after hip fracture surgery, and prevention, prompt recognition and treatment of postoperative complications is important in order to facilitate better short-and long-term outcome.
The Effect of Bolus Administration of Tranexamic Acid in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kazi Hussain A. , Fountain James R. , Thomas T. Glyn , Carroll Fintan A. 
Published: December 2012

We assessed the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing transfusion requirements in patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty. A prospective cohort study was designed comparing Tranexamic acid administration in 30 patients compared to 30 patients in a control group. Blood loss was measured in theatre, pre- and postoperative haemoglobin measurements were recorded and postoperative haemodynamic parameters were evaluated. The mean postoperative haemoglobin was 9.5 g/dl in the tranexamic acid group and 8.2 g/dl in the control group (p<0.01). The mean haemoglobin reduction was 2.7 g/dl in the tranexamic acid group and 3.4 g/dl in the control group (p = 0.47). Mean transfusion requirements were 2.76 units in the study group and 4.0 units in the control group (p = 0.49) and the frequency of transfusion was reduced (p = 0.032). Infected revisions showed no reduction in transfusion requirements with tranexamic acid administration (p = 0.25). There was a reduced frequency of transfusion in patients when revision was performed for aseptic loosening (p = 0.027). This group of patients may benefit from tranexamic acid administration.
Alphabets and scripts, ancient Near East
Authors: Daniels Peter T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWriting throve east and south of Hellas and Italia long before reaching the Mediterranean peninsulas. It emerged in southern Mesopotamia (seeCuneiform) when it was realized that a (usually pictographic) symbol for a thing also represented the name of that thing, and such a symbol could be used for the sound of the name of that thing in notating words or affixes unamenable to (pictographic) representation. In agglutinative Sumerian, morphemes do not change their sound for grammatical expression, so the syllable represented by a cuneiform sign remained constant. But the constant sounds in Egyptian morphemes are the consonants only (vowels change with inflection); so when the idea of representingmorphemes came to Egypt, the signs (adapted from existing pictographs) came to represent only consonants–one, two, or three.
Elam
Authors: Álvarez‐Món Javier 
Published: December 2012

AbstractElam was the first Iranian Empire, lasting from about 2700 to 550 and occupying the present‐day provinces of Khūzestān and Fārs. Elamite cultural identity reaches back to the foundation of the city of Susa around 4000BCEand the ensuing interaction between highland Zagros polities and the lowland Susiana Plain. From the Mesopotamian perspective, Elam was the gateway to primary material resources (metals, timber, and stone); from the highland perspective, it led to the concentrated web of flourishing Mesopotamian urban centers.
Murashu family and archive
Authors: Wallenfels Ronald 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

The term “Murashu firm” was coined by modern scholars to describe the business activities of family members of one Murashu, son of Hatin, including three sons, three grandsons, and their respective agents, who lived and worked in and around the central Babylonian city of Nippur during the second half of the fifth century
BCE
, then an integral part of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
Susa
Authors: Graef Katrien De 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSusa was founded around 4000BCEin the Khuzestan lowlands in southwestern Iran. Khuzestan is, geologically speaking, an extension of the Mesopotamian alluvial plain, and Susa, between the Karkheh and Dez rivers, is located only ca. 250 km east of the Tigris River. From the earliest days, the history of Susa was intertwined with that of Mesopotamia proper.
Theognis
Authors: Tully John 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTheognis is traditionally understood as an elegiac poet from Megara, fl. ca. 544–541 Bce (Suda; not Hyblaea, despite confusion dating at least back to Pl.Leg. 630a), whose work gained many accretions over time, including lines elsewhere attributed to Mimnermos, Solon, and Tyrtaios.
Art, Late Antiquity and Byzantium
Authors: Loverance Rowena 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe category of Late Antique and Byzantine art involves definitions of two different kinds: Late Antique (Spätantike), a term widely used in German art history before it was popularized in English by Peter Brown, is used to cover the transition from classical to medieval society, and carries no religious connotations; Byzantine art on the other hand is produced by a society defined by its Orthodox Christian worldview.
Daniel the Stylite
Authors: Haarer F. K. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

His ascetic stance atop a column outside Constantinople allowed Daniel the Stylite (409–93
CE
) not only to effect miracles and cures and settle the disputes of the locals, but also to wield influence over emperors (Leo I, Zeno, and Basiliscus) and to intervene in doctrinal and political affairs at the highest levels.