bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating leaders for successful change management
Authors: Kilkelly Eddie 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explain why change programs fail in spite of best practice processes and procedures and to examine the improvements that can be made by developing effective change leaders.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based upon the author's expert knowledge and includes a case study of an organization that is an exemplar for successful change management, having been censured for its lack of success only a few years ago. The paper identifies the actions that helped this organization improve its capability for change.

Findings
– Change initiatives are more likely to be successful when change leaders are developed and mentored through an organization-wide, structured, aspirational career development program, which encourages change leaders to focus on the big picture, to use their network, to engage with stakeholders and to develop their own emotional intelligence and resilience.

Practical implications
– The paper explains that organizations need to change their thinking and practices around change management to do more to address the skills, attitudes, capabilities and relationships of the people involved – particularly change leaders.

Originality/value
– This paper examines the often-overlooked topic of developing, coaching and mentoring change leaders and includes a previously unpublished case study. It provides a blueprint for action for other organizations struggling to deliver successful change programs.
How blended learning can create a more inclusive culture
Authors: Peacock Angela 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The challenges and problems that organizations face nowadays are often due to there being a gap between their current situation and where they want to be. Often this disparity between perception and reality is caused by something deep and fundamental in the company culture – something that may not be readily apparent to those working there. This paper aims to deal with the question of how to create genuine, lasting change in organizational climate so that all employees feel they can bring all of themselves to work, without fear or judgment and with a deep belief that their contributions will be heard.

Design/methodology/approach
– There are a number of reasons why driving an inclusive culture is so difficult and this paper identifies a new perspective on developing and embedding inclusion. Most importantly, it addresses how a bespoke, blended approach to any input will allow you to implement training that really works.

Findings
– Many organizations view fixing problems with company culture as an expensive luxury with unpredictable outcomes. As a result, the kind of training that embeds genuine, lasting change is often overlooked in favor of short-term solutions that do not get to the root of the problem. A bespoke, blended approach allows for training that really works long term and therefore ensures the greatest possible value for your organization.

Practical implications
– A blended approach done well should be a powerful, joined up and strategic driver that enables an inclusive culture to be created, resulting in it becoming business as usual, where the best available talent is attracted, thrives and drives your strategic aims and your business forwards.

Originality/value
– Often the kind of training that gets done in this area is short term and does not get to the root of the problem. This paper provides guidance in developing and embedding inclusion and although it may challenge beliefs if these principles are followed it will guarantee rapid, lasting improvements at all levels.
Understanding employee knowledge: the development of an organizational memory scale
Authors: Dunham Annette , Burt Christopher 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The aim of this study is to develop a psychometrically sound self-report scale of organizational memory. The scale is planned for use in future research to test the relationship between what employees know and their attitudes to passing on their knowledge.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 72 organizational memory scale items representing six hypothesised dimensions of organizational memory were developed and tested with 143 participants using exploratory factor analysis. The resulting five-factor model was tested with a further sample of 288 employees using structural equation modelling, and the test-retest reliability was examined.Findings– Five factors of the organizational memory scale were identified. These were: socio-political knowledge, job knowledge, external network, history, and industry knowledge. The dimensions correlated with tenure variables often used as proxies for experience. Structural equation modelling confirmed the five-factor model and the scale achieved adequate test-retest reliability.Research limitations/implications– The five organizational memory factors are not an exhaustive list. While the scale enables employees to evaluate their own organizational memory, it may not necessarily be an accurate indicator of their knowledge.Practical implications– The scale can be used as a knowledge audit instrument for examining attitudes to mentoring and knowledge sharing, as well as for auditing knowledge that may potentially be lost when experienced employees leave organizations.Originality/value– The scale is a valid and reliable self-report measure of organizational memory. It is an innovative tool for examining employee attitudes to knowledge sharing initiatives. The scale also recognises the contribution made to organizational memory by those with industry knowledge outside the organization.
Constructing a sustainable learning organization
Authors: P. Wilson John , Beard Colin 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Marks and Spencer's Plan A environmental strategy is an ambitious one which addresses economic, social and environmental considerations. As part of this process it recently used a sustainable learning store strategy to develop, capture and disseminate learning before, during and after construction so that learning could be transferred to future projects. Significantly, the strategy did not draw on “traditional” learning organisation concepts; instead it developed its own bottom-up approach to identify the important areas for learning. The practices developed for the learning store were then evaluated against a learning organisation blueprint.Design/methodology/approach– A literature review of learning organisations in construction was complemented by a case study of the prototype Marks and Spencer learning store. The strategies adopted by the company were assessed against Pedleret al.'s blueprint for a learning company.Findings– The systematic learning store strategy developed by Marks and Spencer matched the 11 main criteria described by Pedleret al.'s learning company blueprint and also included managing and leading. The strategies adopted by M&S have the potential to be adopted by other organisations seeking to become environmentally sustainable learning organisations.Research limitations/implications– This case study was undertaken from the perspective of one retail organisation and did not directly evaluate the other stakeholders. It was also largely cross-sectional in nature and describes the learning which occurred but not its application to any subsequent downstream projects. Its applicability to other industries and organisations therefore needs to be investigated further.Practical implications– The strategies used during the development of the Marks and Spencer's learning store have the potential to be adopted by other retail, construction and organisations from other sectors and have significant benefits to the environment.Originality/value– Little has been written about the practical application of sustainability approaches for learning organisations. The scale and scope of the Plan A strategy would not appear to have been achieved by other organisations.
Learning and knowledge as interrelations between CoPs and NoPs
Authors: Filstad Cathrine 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics and interrelations between informal communities of practice and formal networks of practice and its consequences for learning and new knowledge at work.Design/methodology/approach– A case study was conducted in a Norwegian bank using qualitative explorative studies and in-depth interviews with financial advisers and their leaders.Findings– The findings demonstrate that in the absence of integration efforts via a network of practice, multiple communities of practice to ensure knowledge flow is not enough. By the same token, it is possible for new knowledge to be accepted where a community of practice functions cohesively in a singular form in close interrelation with network of practices, but only when both communities of practice and network of practices are supported by a participatory leader.Research limitations/implications– The total of 30 in-depth interviews might call for further studies. Also, studying a Norway bank alliance does not account for cultural differences between countries.Originality/value– To the author's knowledge there are no studies that investigate the interrelations between informal communities of practice and formal network of practices.
Tourism and poverty reduction in Latin America: where does the region stand?
Authors: Croes Robertico 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to critically review the contributions made by the articles in this theme issue with reference to the literature and by examining the link between tourism and poverty and the conditions that shape this link in Latin America.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reviews the most important contributions through critical content analysis of the papers contained in the theme issue.

Findings
– Tourism matters to the poor, but its relevance is defined by a number of factors including economic development, inequality, and destination life cycle. Alternative tourism, while promising, may be too limited in scope and scale to affect poverty alleviation that is broad and fast enough to benefit Latin America.

Research limitations/implications
– More research is needed to understand the link between tourism and poverty reduction, and the conditions that determine the strength of the link in Latin America.

Originality/value
– The theme issue explores the tourism poverty link from different perspectives with inputs from multiple stakeholders with experience and expertise in poverty alleviation in Latin America. This approach offers the reader a unique opportunity to explore different facets of the tourism development conundrum in the region.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Food Safety Curriculum for Managers and Staff of Residential Childcare Institutions (RCCIs)
Authors: Pivarnik Lori F. , Patnoad Martha S. , Nyachuba David , McLandsborough Lynne , Couto Stephen , Hagan Elsina E. , Breau Marti 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFood safety training materials, targeted for residential childcare institution (RCCI) staff of facilities of 20 residents or less, were developed, piloted, and evaluated. The goal was to assist in the implementation of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP)‐based food safety plan as required by Food and Nutrition Service/United States Department of Agriculture. RCCI staff and instructor training manuals, Food Safety Basics: Food Safety Education for RCCIs was developed and pilot tested in RCCIs in both Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The program was evaluated by participants and pre‐/posttraining onsite inspector and microbial assessments. The core curriculum contained 3 modules and corresponding activities: Module 1: cause, prevention, and strategies to reduce foodborne illness; Module 2: components of a HACCP‐based food safety plan and standard operating procedures; and Module 3: actual food safety plan development, including instructions for implementation and corresponding monitoring procedures required. There were 50 to 82 RCCI staff members that attended 2 or 3 modules. Participants rated the modules 4.5 ± 0.4, 4.3 ± 0.4, and 4.4 ± 0.4 out of 5‐point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) for teaching modules 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The evaluations assessed their understanding of key topic areas taught. Onsite inspections showed improvement in many critical food safety issues. Some deficiencies still appeared to be problematic, such as refrigerator temperature monitoring and issues with storage and cross‐contamination.
Assessing Knowledge and Attitudes of U.S. Healthcare Providers about Benefits and Risks of Consuming Seafood
Authors: Hicks Doris T. , Pivarnik Lori F. , Richard Nicole Leydon , Gable Robert K. , Morrissey Michael T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn online needs assessment survey of healthcare providers was developed and implemented to determine knowledge and attitudes about the benefits and risks of consuming seafood along with how this might impact patient/clientele counseling. Only 6 of the 45 knowledge items queried (13%) met the 80% subject mastery or proficiency with a total knowledge score of 56 ± 18%. Based on this survey, it was found that healthcare providers were less than proficient regarding all knowledge areas for seafood. Understanding of seafood safety and contaminants was low. In addition, while the majority (76%) of healthcare respondents knew the correct recommendation for seafood meals per week, they failed to identify the groups that were targeted by the Food and Drug Administration/Environmental Protection Agency (FDA/EPA) advisory about seafood and mercury and therefore could be providing inaccurate information. Attitudinal responses for 18 items resulted in an overall average score of 3.28 ± 0.47 meaning slightly agree (based on a 5‐point Likert scale strongly disagree—strongly agree). While trends showed that it was important to the respondents to provide accurate information (3.78 ± 1.06) about seafood to their patients, they felt more comfortable recommending that their patients follow government advice (3.52 ± 0.91) about both seafood safety and which seafood to eat over other sources. Combined with a low knowledge base, attitudinal responses indicate that there could be a barrier to both outreach education to these healthcare providers and to their patient counseling regarding seafood consumption. Results also showed that a combination of online, science‐based, easy to access information with the capability to provide brochure‐formatted information would appear to be the best way to communicate seafood safety, nutrition, and health information.
Global spread of wheat curl mite by its most polyphagous and pestiferous lineages
Authors: Skoracka A. , Rector B. , Kuczyński L. , Szydło W. , Hein G. , French R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe wheat curl mite (WCM),Aceria tosichella, is an important pest of wheat and other cereal crops that transmits wheat streak mosaic virus and several other plant viruses. Wheat curl mite has long been considered a single polyphagous species, but recent studies in Poland revealed a complex of genetically distinct lineages with divergent host‐acceptance traits, ranging from highly polyphagous to host‐specific. This diversity ofWCMgenotypes and host‐acceptance phenotypes in Europe, the presumed native range ofWCM, raises questions about the lineage identities of invasiveWCMpopulations on other continents and their relationships to European lineages. The goals of this study were to examine the global presence ofWCMand determine the relatedness of lineages established in different continents, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclearDNAsequence data. Host‐range bioassays of a highly polyphagousWCMlineage were performed to supplement existing data on this lineage's ability to colonise graminaceous and non‐graminaceous hosts. InvasiveWCMpopulations in North and South America and Australia assorted with the only three known polyphagous and pestiferousWCMlineages (‘MT‐1’, ‘MT‐7’ and ‘MT‐8’) from a total of eight currently described lineages. These results show that the most polyphagous lineages were more successful colonisers and reflect a need for extensive surveys forWCMon both crops and wild grass species in invaded continents. The most invasive lineage (‘MT‐1’) was shown to successfully colonise all 10 plant species tested in three families and has spread to North and South America and Australia from its presumed origins in Eurasia.
Ten‐year review reveals changing trends and severity of allergic reactions to nuts and other foods
Authors: Johnson Jennifer , Malinovschi Andrei , Alving Kjell , Lidholm Jonas , Borres Magnus P , Nordvall Lennart 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimOver the past few decades, the incidence of food allergies has risen and Sweden has increased its import of peanuts and exotic nuts, such as cashew nuts, which may cause severe allergic reactions. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate paediatric emergency visits due to food reactions over a 10‐year period, focusing on reactions to peanuts and tree nuts.MethodsEmergency visits to Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Sweden, between September 2001 and December 2010, were reviewed, and cases containing diagnostic codes for anaphylaxis, allergic reactions or allergy and hypersensitivity not caused by drugs or biological substances were retrieved.ResultsWe analysed 703 emergency visits made by 578 individuals with food allergies. Peanuts and tree nuts accounted for 50% of the food allergies and were more frequently associated with adrenaline treatment and hospitalisation than other foods. Cashew nut reactions increased over the study period, and together with peanuts, they were responsible for more anaphylactic reactions than hazelnuts.ConclusionPeanut and tree nut reactions were more likely to result in adrenaline treatment and hospitalisation than other food reactions. Peanut and cashew nut reactions were more likely to cause anaphylaxis than hazelnuts. Cashew nut reactions increased during the study period.
8‐O‐Acetyl Shanzhiside Methylester Attenuates Cerebral Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury through an Anti‐Inflammatory Mechanism in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhang Liang , Kan Ze‐Chun , Zhang Xiu‐Li , Fang Han , Jiang Wang‐Lin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractInflammatory activation plays a vital role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke and diabetes mellitus (DM), exerts the deleterious effects on the progression of the brain and leads to vascular damage in diabetic stroke. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of 8‐O‐acetyl shanzhiside methylester (ND01) on tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐stimulated SH‐SY5Y cell line in vitro and the experimental ischaemic diabetic stroke model in vivo. TNF‐α‐stimulated SH‐SY5Y cells were pre‐incubated with ND01, then analysed protein expression. For in vivo experiment, the diabetic rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 30 min. followed by reperfusion for 23 hr. Treatment of SH‐SY5Y cells with ND01 blocked TNF‐α‐induced nuclear transcription factor κB (NF‐κB) activation and decreased high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB‐1) expression. ND01 40 mg/kg demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect even after delayed administration at 4 hr after I/R. ND01 40 mg/kg attenuated the histopathological damage, decreased brain swelling, inhibited NF‐κB activation and reduced HMGB‐1 expression in ischaemic brain tissue. These data show that ND01 protects diabetic brain against I/R injury with a favourable therapeutic time‐window by alleviating diabetic cerebral I/R injury and attenuating blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and its protective effects may involve HMGB‐1 and NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Allosteric modulation of GluN2C/GluN2D‐containing NMDA receptors bidirectionally modulates dopamine release: implication for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang X , Feng Z‐J , Chergui K 
Published: May 2014

Background and PurposeAllosteric modulators of ionotropic receptors and GPCRs might constitute valuable therapeutic tools for intervention in several diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the possibility that some of these compounds could alter neurotransmission in health and disease has not been thoroughly examined. Hence, we determined whether CIQ, a positive allosteric modulator of NMDA receptors that contain the GluN2C or GluN2D subunits, modulates dopamine release in the striatum of control mice and of a mouse model of presymptomatic Parkinsonism.Experimental ApproachWe used amperometry to measure, in mouse brain slices containing the dorsal striatum, dopamine release evoked by stimulations that mimicked tonic (single pulses) or phasic (trains) activity. We used control mice and mice with a partial, 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced, degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.Key ResultsIn control mice, CIQ inhibited tonic dopamine release and induced an initial inhibition followed by a long‐lasting increase in phasic release. Pirenzepine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, blocked the depression of release induced by CIQ, but not the long‐lasting potentiation. CIQ also increased action potential firing in striatal cholinergic interneurons. In the partially dopamine‐depleted striatum, CIQ induced an inhibition followed by a potentiation of both tonic and phasic release, but did not significantly increase the firing of cholinergic interneurons.Conclusions and ImplicationsCIQ has bidirectional, activity‐ and ACh‐dependent, modulatory effects on dopamine release in the striatum. This study suggests a potentially valuable means to enhance dopamine release in presymptomatic Parkinsonism.
Differences in the rate of oestrogen‐induced apoptosis in breast cancer by oestradiol and the triphenylethylene bisphenol
Authors: Obiorah I E , Jordan V C 
Published: May 2014

Background and PurposeTriphenylethylene (TPE)‐like compounds were the first agents to be used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Although structurally related to the anti‐oestrogen, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen,TPEs possess oestrogenic properties in fully oestrogenized breast cancer cells but do not induce apoptosis with short‐term treatment in long‐term oestrogen‐deprived breast cancer cells. This study determined the differential effects of bisphenol, aTPE, on growth and apoptosis based on the modulation of the shape of the ligand–oestrogen receptor complex.Experimental ApproachApoptotic flow cytometric studies were used to evaluate apoptosis over time. Proliferation of the breast cancer cells was assessed usingDNAquantification and cell cycle analysis. Real‐timePCRwas performed to quantifymRNAlevels of apoptotic genes. Regulation of cell cycle and apoptotic genes was determined usingPCR‐based arrays.Key ResultsBisphenol induced an up‐regulation of cell cycle genes similar to those induced by 17β oestradiol (E2). Unlike the changes induced byE2that occur after 24 h, the apoptosis evoked by bisphenoloccurred after 4 days, with quantifiable apoptotic changes noted at 6 days. A prolonged up‐regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory stress response genes was observed with subsequent activation of apoptosis‐related genes in the second week of treatment with bisphenol.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe bisphenol: ERα complex induces delayed biological effects on the growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Both the shape of the complex and the duration of treatment control the initiation of apoptosis.