bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Characteristics Associated With Smoking Cessation Interventions and Quit Attempt Rates Across 10 Community Health Centers With Electronic Health Records
Authors: Silfen Sheryl L. , Cha Jisung , Wang Jason J. , Land Thomas G. , Shih Sarah C. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We used electronic health record (EHR) data to determine rates and patient characteristics in offering cessation interventions (counseling, medications, or referral) and initiating quit attempts. Methods. Ten community health centers in New York City contributed 30 months of de-identified patient data from their EHRs. Results. Of 302 940 patients, 40% had smoking status recorded and only 34% of documented current smokers received an intervention. Women and younger patients were less likely to have their smoking status documented or to receive an intervention. Patients with comorbidities that are exacerbated by smoking were more likely to have status documented (82.2%) and to receive an intervention (52.1%), especially medication (10.8%). Medication, either alone (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 2.3) or combined with counseling (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.5, 2.3), was associated with higher quit attempts compared with no intervention. Conclusions. Data from EHRs demonstrated underdocumentation of smoking status and missed opportunities for cessation interventions. Use of data from EHRs can facilitate quality improvement efforts to increase screening and intervention delivery, with the potential to improve smoking cessation rates.
Enhancing Stewardship of Community-Engaged Research Through Governance
Authors: Oetzel John G. , Villegas Malia , Zenone Heather , White Hat Emily R. , Wallerstein Nina , Duran Bonnie 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We explored the relationship of community-engaged research final approval type (tribal government, health board, or public health office (TG/HB); agency staff or advisory board; or individual or no community approval) with governance processes, productivity, and perceived outcomes. Methods. We identified 294 federally funded community-engaged research projects in 2009 from the National Institutes of Health’s Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Research Centers, and Native American Research Centers for Health databases. Two hundred (68.0%) investigators completed a survey about governance processes and productivity measures; 312 partners (77.2% of 404 invited) and 138 investigators (69.0% of 200 invited) completed a survey about perceived outcomes. Results. Projects with TG/HB approval had increased likelihood of community control of resources (odds ratios [ORs] ≥ 4.80). Projects with other approvals had decreased likelihood of development or revision of institutional review board policies (ORs ≤ 0.37), having written agreements (ORs ≤ 0.17), and agreements about publishing (ORs ≤ 0.28), data use (ORs ≤ 0.17), and publishing approval (ORs ≤ 0.14). Conclusions. Community-engaged research projects with TG/HB approval had strong stewardship of project resources and agreements. Governance as stewardship protects community interests; thus, is an ethical imperative for communities, especially native communities, to adopt.
Sexual Risk Behavior, Sexual Violence, and HIV in Persons With Severe Mental Illness in Uganda: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study and National Comparison Data
Authors: Lundberg Patric , Nakasujja Noeline , Musisi Seggane , Thorson Anna Ekéus , Cantor-Graae Elizabeth , Allebeck Peter 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We investigated prevalence of past-year sexual risk behavior and sexual violence exposure in persons with severe mental illness (SMI) in Uganda, and compared results to general population estimates. We also investigated whether persons with SMI reporting sexual risk behavior and sexual violence exposure were more likely to be HIV-infected.Methods. We included 602 persons consecutively discharged from Butabika Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, February to April 2010. We asked about past-year number of sexual partners and condom use. We assessed sexual violence with the World Health Organization Violence Against Women Instrument. We performed HIV testing. We used data from 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey for comparison.Results. Women with SMI had more sexual risk behavior and more sexual violence exposure than women in the general population. We found no difference in sexual risk behavior in men. Sexual risk behavior was associated with HIV infection in men, but not women. Sexual violence exposure was not associated with HIV infection in women.Conclusions. Findings suggest that SMI exacerbates Ugandan women’s sexual vulnerability. Public health practitioners, policymakers, and legislators should act to protect health and rights of women with SMI in resource-poor settings.
State-Level Marriage Equality and the Health of Same-Sex Couples
Authors: Kail Ben Lennox , Acosta Katie L. , Wright Eric R. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We assessed the association between the health of people in same-sex relationships and the degree and nature of the legal recognition of same-sex relationships offered in the states in which they resided. Methods. We conducted secondary data analyses on the 2010 to 2013 Current Population Survey and publicly available data from Freedom to Marry, Inc. We estimated ordered logistic regression models in a 4-level framework to assess the impact of states’ legal stances toward same-sex marriage on self-assessed health. Results. Our findings indicated, relative to states with antigay constitutional amendments, that same-sex couples living in states with legally sanctioned marriage reported higher levels of self-assessed health. Conclusions. Our findings suggested that full legal recognition of same-sex relationships through marriage might be an important legal and policy strategy for improving the health of same-sex couples.
Casing Leak Investigation & Successful Repair by Application of Pressure Activated Liquid Sealant in a Newly Completed Well in Offshore Environment – A Case Study
Authors: Singh Alok Kumar , Patil Bhushan , Kishore Kunal , Khanna Manu , Varma Sai Rakesh 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Well XX-1 is a newly drilled Oil producer well in offshore east coast of India. Lower completion containing Formation Isolation Valve (FIV), Standalone Screens with integral SSD's & swell packers was run in 6″ Open Hole & set on screen hanger packer. The FIV, packer & Production casing was then pressure tested to 3000 psi, during which pressure drop of ~15 psi/min & continuous return from secondary annulus ~1 litre/min was observed. The above indicated possible communication between 7″ production casing & 9-5/8″ surface casing.
The leak depth was investigated using a drillpipe conveyed single run multiple set mechanical packer & it was established that the bottom connection of Cross over below 7″ casing hanger pup joint was leaking. Leak in production casing was a critical well integrity threat. Further, the well was designed to be operated on gas lift. There was no immediate remedy available to restore the production casing integrity. It was decided to complete the well and produce with adequate controls without gas lift till the casing leak was repaired. Meanwhile, extensive search and literature review was done & various options to repair the casing leak, both mechanical and chemical, were evaluated. Considering the expensive mechanical repair and associated high uncertainty, Pressure Activated Liquid Sealant was proposed as economical alternative.
The sealant works on the principle of polymerization and cross linking when subject to pressure drop. This sealant process has proven to be a successful long-term repair method for completion equipment. Utilizing a combination of fluid density control and packer fluid compressibility, the sealant was injected into the annulus casing valve then spotted & squeezed into the leak at 2500 psi and allowed to cure under pressure for 80 hrs. The production casing was then successfully pressure tested with both liquid and gas and the integrity was confirmed.
It not only prevented expensive work-over saving &gt; 10 MMUSD, but the quick remedy also allowed the well to be brought online at a higher production rate ~ 1000 BOPD incremental. It has proved to be a reliable solution to well integrity problem.
Spotting Cal-Acid Scale Dissolver Precisely using an Ingenious Tweak on a Proven Electric Line Riserless Light Well Intervention Method – A Case Story
Authors: Keith John 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Scope
CaCO3 scale build-up may cause severe production restrictions. A common resolution is electric line (e-line) clean-out with bailers built into the toolstring to capture the debris while milling. This paper will provide details of an innovative tweak that allowed an offshore operation to continue despite the presence of CaCO3scale. The paper will also discuss the equipment and Riserless Light Well Intervention (RLWI) method to derive valuable lessons learned for future operations.

Method
The operation took place in the British shelf of the North Sea. A subsea well was facing severe scale issues that were threatening to stop production. From the beginning, it was the plan to perform the operation as a RLWI from a vessel. During the initial drift run, it was discovered that the CaCO3 scale had become so severe that it would not be possible to run the e-line milling solution as originally planned. The team needed to remove ~15 ft. of scale in order to accomodate the clean-out toolstring below the subsea tree before the operation could continue.
Standard dump bailers were not available on the vessel and, as weather prevented the flying of equipment to the vessel, the team worked together to quickly contrive a readily available solution that would allow Cal-Acid scale dissolver to be spotted precisely and safely at the holdup depth.

Results
The solution became to modify the clean-out tool by removing the drive shaft and mill bit, introduce check valves, and pre-load the bailers with Cal-Acid. This enabled the tool to act as a dump bailer with the Cal-Acid being displaced out of the pump ports and onto the scale.
The Subsea Intervention Lubricator (SIL) had been pre-filled with Cal-Acid and, once the milling tool was activated in the SIL, the acid circulated into the bailers, which eliminated the need for any surface handling. The tools were then run to the holdup depth and the Cal-Acid unloaded. This was performed 16 times resulting in ~ 150 L of Cal-Acid being spotted around the scale build-up.
A subsequent run with gauge cutters confirmed that the Cal-Acid spotting had been successful and access for the remainder of the operation had been achieved.

Novel info
The innovative use of readily available tools, modified to a bespoke application, allowed the operation to continue, resulting in significant time and cost savings, and the concept of filling the bailers in the SIL made the operation inherently safer through reduced manual handling and recovery of subsea equipment.
The Improvement of Production Profile While Managing Reservoir Uncertainties with Inflow Control Devices Completions
Authors: MoradiDowlatabad Mojtaba , Zarei Faraj , Akbari Morteza 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The distributions of various parameters such as of the petro-physical properties, fluid contacts, relative permeabilities, aquifer strength etc. influence oil production profile. This requires implementing probabilistic approaches important for the field's performance prediction. Advanced Well Completions (AWCs) are capable to reactively and/or proactively mitigate the unpredictable production conditions of hydrocarbon reservoirs particularly in case of the heterogeneous reservoirs. However, determining the optimum design of the devices is still a big challenge since it should have been done respecting the long-term performance of the completion. This requires using reservoir models that include significant level of uncertainty due to ambiguity of the reservoir and geological parameters used.
Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach was applied to evaluate various dynamic uncertain parameters with different distributions profiles. Numerous realisations of the reservoir models were also generated to provide a confident level of geological uncertainty by a sequential Gaussian simulation algorithm. Various completions such as Open-hole, Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) and Autonomous Inflow Control Devices (AICDs) were deployed in horizontal wells to investigate the uncertainty management by the well completions.
The results showed AICDs completions are more appropriate to reduce the production of the unwanted fluids and increase oil recovery than ICDs. Moreover, overall as well as the individual impacts of the uncertain parameters on oil production profile were evaluated by statistical analysis. This helps determining the most influencing parameters on the production profile as well as the most influenced uncertain parameters when AWCs are deployed. The results showed that although both of the AICDs and ICDs completions significantly reduce the oil production variations comparing with Open-hole completion, AICDs completions perform much better than the ICDs to manage the effects of the reservoir uncertainties on oil recovery. The study aims at providing approaches quantifying the impacts of AWCs on the reservoir uncertainties and confirming the long-term benefits of AWCs while reducing the risk associated with the field's development plan.
Design for Reliability in Downhole Control Systems
Authors: Gissler Bob , Shrivastava Pankaj , Saldanha Savio 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A reliable downhole flow-control system is essential for any intelligent completion. Generally, systems that meet the sought-after criteria are installed permanently in severe downhole environments and are not expected to be retrieved for analysis or maintenance despite harsh conditions. The entire system must achieve high operational reliability at temperatures as high as 200° C and pressures that reach 30,000 psi.
This paper discusses the electro-hydraulic module of a reliable control system, which optimizes reservoir performance and enhances reservoir management capabilities by allowing the operator to remotely control the wellbore and obtain real time sensor data (which includes pressure/temperature). In order to meet the necessary system reliability targets, a Design for Reliability (DfR) process is applied in the form of a systematic, streamlined, and concurrent engineering program to assess the system's capabilities. A DfR is considered to be an integrated process rather than a step task for the design and development of the electro-hydraulic control module. The DfR process identifies the utility of reliability engineering tools and methods during the product development cycle. The objective of DfR is to meet the reliability expectations and optimize the overall life-cycle costs. This paper discusses the methods and tools of DfR and highlights the successful application of key DfR tools and techniques in the development of the electro-hydraulic control module. A variety of reliability tools were applied in the development cycle which includes (a) reliability requirements and flow down, (b) reliability block diagram for system reliability modelling, (c) design FMEA (failure mode and effect analysis) for design-based risk assessment, (d) baseline predictive reliability modelling, and (e) reliability qualification test design.
This paper will focus on how to apply the DfR process in the product development. It will also highlight the process steps required to make DfR a powerful and effective process that can help any organization design reliability into its products. The DfR process can be applied efficiently by taking the strengths and limitations of its tools into consideration. In order to enable an effective and efficient application of the DfR process, the order in which various reliability engineering tools are applied is important.
Flow Control Optimisation to Maximise the Accuracy of Multi-phase Flow Rate Allocation
Authors: Malakooti Reza , Muradov Khafiz , Davies David , Kuznetsov Alexander 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The value added by intelligent wells (I-wells) derives from real-time, reservoir and production performance monitoring together with zonal, downhole flow control. Unfortunately, downhole sensors that directly measure the flow rates and phase cuts required for optimal control of the well's producing zones are not normally installed. Instead, Multi-zone, Multi-phase Flow Metering (MFM) parameters are calculated from indirect measurements (e.g. from zonal pressures, temperatures, and well flow rates).
To-date all published techniques of zonal flow rate allocation in multi-zone I-wells are “passive” in that they calculate the MFM parameters for a fixed given configuration of the completion. These techniques are subject to model error, but also to errors stemming from measurement noise when there is insufficient data duplication for accurate parameter estimation. This paper describes an “active” monitoring technique which uses a direct search method based on Deformed Configurations to optimise the sequence of Interval Control Valve (ICV) positions during a routine multi-rate test in a “intelligent” well. This novel approach maximises the accuracy of the calculated reservoir properties and MFM parameters.
Four “active monitoring” levels are available. Each one uses a particular combination of down-hole and surface measurements depending on the available well performance monitoring systems. Level one is the simplest, requiring a minimal amount of well data. The higher levels require more data; but provide, in return, a greater understanding of the in-flow performance, the volumes of produced fluids and the reservoir's properties at both a well and a zonal level.
Our “active monitoring” workflow can be extended to a wide range of production and injection allocation problems for any well completion type. The workflow may also be used to improve the accuracy of production flow rate measurements and, ultimately, to maximise oil production rate and recovery.
Novel Drillship and Multi-Purpose Tower Design for Ultra Deepwater Well Cost Reduction
Authors: Wijning Dieter , Adams Ed , Andresen Jan Atle 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To meet the ever-increasing needs for improved efficiency, cost control and safety enhancement in (ultra-)deepwater well construction, a novel drillship design has been developed that has been outfitted with a unique, versatile and highly automated drilling package. In particular, a new Dual Multi-Purpose Tower (DMPT) design was developed. It is similar to an earlier design employed on four drill ships currently in service with a major international oil company (IOC) in that it has no V-door limitation and features two well centers, enabling concurrent operations. Lessons learned from the four drill ships have been incorporated in the new vessel design. Careful study of deepwater drilling-the-well-on-paper (DWOP) information shows that the new DMPT drilling system and vessel design have the capability to reduce drill times by 20-25% through reduction of flat times, increased tripping speeds by use of true automation, running 180ft stands of drill pipe, running 22″ 180ft casing in open water, running of 150ft risers, dual rotary hang-off tables and doing as much as possible off critical paths.
The vessel design itself was optimized with both drilling and completion operations in mind, and is prepared for future technologies, eliminating costly and time consuming upgrades. Design efforts aimed at reduced maintenance of equipment and reduced downtime led to additional cost savings and the vessel uses significantly less fuel, thereby reducing consumables and environmental impacts. The vessel can hold 30000mt variable deck load (VDL), can operate in waters up to 4,000 m, can store and run two 20k BOPs and is inherently prepared for managed pressure drilling (MPD) and dual gradient drilling (DGD) operations. A large, unobstructed flat workdeck from fore to aft of the vessel provides over 4,500 m2 of safe, open deck space for drilling and completion activities.
The new drilling system, combined with the additional savings in fuel, maintenance downtime, and increased safety afforded by the optimized vessel design may yield total well delivery savings in excess of 30%. In this paper, pertinent details are shared about the vessel and drilling system designs, as well as how these designs facilitate the indicated time and cost savings.
Parameters to Analyze When Determining Abrasive Wear in an Electrical Submersible Pump System
Authors: Adams Dan L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Understanding abrasive wear in a downhole production scenario can be critical to the success or failure of a project. As, not understanding this phenomena can be very costly to a project in a short time period.
There are a number of laboratories, around the world, that can perform a particle size distribution, for abrasives, and provide both photomacro and photomicrographs of the abrasive material. However, there are other parameters one would want to take under consideration, in order to determine the proper abrasive resistant (AR) trim for an electrical submersible pump (ESP).
This paper will offer, for review, some additional parameters for consideration. As well as a quantitative, in conjunction with qualitative, formula to help make a determination of the proper abrasive resistant (AR) trim for an ESP. Included, we will present additional parameters, other than just particle size distribution (PSD) and the geometry of the abrasive particles, that are used in the formula. The data collected from a given well will allow a proactive selection of equipment, initial install or replacement. The step beyond collecting data for a particular well would be the performance of a field study to provide a desired AR trim selection for equipment for a given field. This would allow a more expeditious selection of replacement equipment.
Our database is formed from over six hundred sand samples that have been analyzed from around the globe. This data presentation will include samples analyzed from the North Sea; including samples from the Norwegian sector.
Scratch Testing Applied To Drilling Fluid Filter Cakes: Effect Of Cutter Velocity And Comparison Of Different Mud Formulations
Authors: Cerasi P.R. , Torsæter J. , Berntsen A.N. , Stenebråten J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Scratch testing to determine rock shear strength has been adapted to soft materials such as filter cakes. A soft metal blade with a strain gauge attached to it and calibrated to obtain the deformation to force correspondence replaces the conventional cutter in the scratch apparatus. The shear strength is obtained from the tangential force reading when the blade is moved at a constant applied velocity across a filter cake, for a given cutting depth. In this study, four commercially available drilling mud types (2 water-based and 2 oil-based drilling fluids) were filtered on ceramic discs. The resulting filter cakes were then scratch tested at various imposed cutter blade velocities, to determine the cake shear strength. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the scratch apparatus gives different strength values as a function of the cutter velocity. The results from this measurement campaign, where also a sandstone was tested, show that for the range of available cutter velocities, no effect can be detected on the computed strength values. The results thus suggest that no rheological effects such as shear-thinning occur at these velocities (for the filter cakes), as well as no undrained effects on the pore pressure. This is good news as it validates all previous scratch campaigns, removing the need for reviewing the relevance and interpretation of the scratch test, especially as applied to filter cakes.