bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary considerations for nephrotoxin stewardship: Estimating kidney function and use of novel biomarkers
Authors: Kane‐Gill Sandra L. , Amatullah Nabihah , Tran Tiffany , Karimzadeh Iman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrug‐associated acute kidney injury (D‐AKI) constitutes approximately 19%–26% of all acute kidney injury (AKI) cases in hospitalized patients. Notably, there is often a deficiency in optimal drug management after D‐AKI diagnosis, with only about half of the patients experiencing discontinuation of nephrotoxins and one‐fifth avoiding further nephrotoxin administration. Nephrotoxin stewardship involves the application of coordinated care management strategies to ensure the safe utilization of nephrotoxins and renally eliminated medications. The purpose of this paper is to review nephrotoxin stewardship strategies and highlight contemporary considerations for estimating kidney function and the use of novel biomarkers as part of the stewardship program. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) 2021 serum creatinine formula is now recommended for estimating kidney function for adults in most clinical situations in the United States. It is time to reevaluate how healthcare professionals think of estimating kidney function for drug dosing with the use of the non‐indexed, race‐free, CKDEPI 2021 equation. In addition, widespread use of serum cystatin C (CysC) is anticipated so estimated glomerular filtration rate equations that incorporate serum CysC will need to be further evaluated for drug dosing recommendations and how the use of serum CysC can complement serum creatinine‐based equations. Lastly, novel kidney stress/damage biomarkers should be viewed as a piece of a complex scenario of D‐AKI prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis and should be interpreted along with other diagnostic criteria in relation to the clinical condition of the patient. These contemporary considerations for drug dosing and D‐AKI management are important components of nephrotoxin stewardship.
Pharmacists' role in combating medical misinformation
Authors: Harris Ila M. , Hilaire Michelle L. , Jeon Michelle , Kier Karen L. , Munir Faria M. , Carmon Alex S. , Maffei Melissa V. , Mukherjee S. Mimi , Osae Sharmon P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMedical misinformation can pose serious threats to public health. This commentary explores the pharmacist's unique role in addressing and mitigating the impact of medical misinformation. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to engage with other healthcare providers, patients, and communities to dispel myths, provide accurate information, and promote evidence‐based healthcare decision‐making. This commentary showcases examples of the multifaceted roles of pharmacists in combating medical misinformation. It explores various strategies and interventions that can be used by pharmacists, including patient education, effective communication, information dissemination, and community engagement. Pharmacists' interventions are often at the intersection of medication management and health information needs, making them integral in ensuring patients and providers make informed healthcare choices. Moreover, this commentary highlights the impact pharmacists can have as advocates for scientific rigor and evidence‐based practices within healthcare systems to educate against medical misinformation and discusses the need for continued education, training, and support for pharmacists to excel in their roles as healthcare educators and medication experts. Pharmacists have a role in countering medical misinformation when serving patients by providing information that empowers a more informed society.
The effect of an educational peer‐based intervention program on sexual and reproductive health behavior
Authors: Ogul Zeynep , Sahin Nevin Hotun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe fact that adolescent people experience risky sexual behavior and have insufficient knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) indicates the need for SRH education. This study investigates the impact of peer‐educated SRH programs on the knowledge and behaviors of adolescents.MethodThis study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial on 275 university students. The subjects were randomly assigned to the peer educators (n = 25), intervention (n = 125) and control (n = 125) groups using systematic random sampling. Peer educators provided face‐to‐face SRH education to the intervention group. The researcher provided the same education to the control group via the online conference method. SRH knowledge and behavior evaluated with scales before, after, and 3 and 6 months after the SRH education. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 through statistical tests and analysis of covariance.ResultsThe female and male ratio of the participants was almost equal (49.4%, 50.6%). The mean age was found to be 20.42 ± 1.14 years. The mean scores of the students in the intervention group increased from 21.20 ± 0.14 to 35.20 ± 0.07 for sexual health knowledge questionnaire (SHKQ), and from 130.56 ± 0.55 to 147,90 ± 0,25 for reproductive health scale (RHS) after the education. Compared with the control group, these increases in the mean scores of SHKQ and RHS were found to be statistically significant.ConclusionThe findings show the important role of the SRH peer education method on the effect of transferring knowledge about sexual behaviors. Health and education policy‐makers are advised to implicate SRH peer education.
Anything goes for participant, patient and public involvement in youth mental health research
Authors: Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundParticipant and Public Involvement in youth mental health research aims at making research more responsive to the needs of youth struggling with mental health issues, their parents, and mental health professionals and other stakeholders. Do characteristics of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in youth mental health research align with transparency and replication prerequisites as necessary conditions for translation? Relatedly, the question is addressed whether co‐authorship should be assigned to youth involved in the study.MethodsHere we address these questions re‐visiting 50 PPI studies included in two recent systematic reviews of PPI on characteristics that are pertinent to questions about transparency, replicability, translatability, and co‐authorship in PPI research.ResultsAlmost two‐third of the studies on youth mental health incorporating PPI translate their results to policy or practice, mostly as recommendations but sometimes also by dissemination of (online) interventions. At the same time the authors of a substantial majority of the studies (70%) also suggest the need for further work on their results, for example, in randomized controlled trials to validate the outcome of their exploratory inquiry. Only a quarter of the studies using PPI met the conditions for replicability, thus a majority of the PPI studies suggest premature translation of results. Authorship to involved participants was assigned in 24% of the studies.Conclusions“Anything goes” for PPI in an exploratory stage to generate fruitful hypotheses. Translation of the findings of PPI studies however require a firm evidence base of replicated results. Radical merging of research and action in participatory action research seems incompatible with replicable and therefore translatable inquiry. Assigning co‐authorship to PPI representatives is often at odds with current guidelines for authorship. More evidence from randomized trials on the translational impact of PPI is needed before grant foundations should require PPI in grant proposals.
Cultural, demographic, and other non‐demographic factors associated with cancer genetic counseling patients' appointment accompaniment preferences in the United States
Authors: Lin Jonathan , Cantor Rita M. , Niell‐Swiller Mariana , Sayegh Philip , Palmer Christina G. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough the presence of companion(s) in a genetic counseling session can positively influence session dynamics, research has found that some patients prefer to attend their appointments alone. To date, no studies have examined patient accompaniment preferences across different cultural groups in the context of genetic counseling. This quantitative study aimed to identify factors associated with individual preferences in accompaniment at cancer genetic counseling appointments in a sample (N = 130) of Hispanic/Latine (n = 29) and non‐Hispanic/Latine White (n = 101) participants at a large academic medical institution. Variables examined included demographics, horizontal and vertical collectivism, and Hispanic and American acculturation. A link to an online questionnaire was emailed to patients who met four criteria: (1) identified as either Hispanic/Latine or non‐Hispanic/Latine White; (2) had attended a cancer genetic counseling appointment at UCLA Health to discuss genetic testing options between October 2020 and December 2022; (3) were at least 18 years of age at the time of their appointment; and (4) indicated they were comfortable reading in Spanish or English; responses were anonymous. Logistic regression analyses identified four significant variables in the model associated with accompaniment preferences: individuals with at least one parent born outside of the US, those who attended their appointment in‐person, and those with a higher horizontal collectivism score were less likely to want to attend their cancer genetic counseling appointment alone, while the converse was true among those with a higher American acculturation score. These findings highlight cultural and demographic factors that are associated with patient accompaniment preferences unrelated to ethnicity, indicating genetic counselors should not make assumptions regarding accompaniment preferences based solely on cultural or racial/ethnic background. Genetic counselors should incorporate this understanding when assessing patients' accompaniment preferences.
Transfer learning‐based physics‐informed neural networks for magnetostatic field simulation with domain variations
Authors: Lippert Jonathan Rainer , von Tresckow Moritz , De Gersem Herbert , Loukrezis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhysics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a new class of mesh‐free methods for solving differential equations. However, due to their long training times, PINNs are currently not as competitive as established numerical methods. A promising approach to bridge this gap is transfer learning (TL), that is, reusing the weights and biases of readily trained neural network models to accelerate model training for new learning tasks. This work applies TL to improve the performance of PINNs in the context of magnetostatic field simulation, in particular to resolve boundary value problems with geometrical variations of the computational domain. The suggested TL workflow consists of three steps. (a) A numerical solution based on the finite element method (FEM). (b) A neural network that approximates the FEM solution using standard supervised learning. (c) A PINN initialized with the weights and biases of the pre‐trained neural network and further trained using the deep Ritz method. The FEM solution and its neural network‐based approximation refer to an computational domain of fixed geometry, while the PINN is trained for a geometrical variation of the domain. The TL workflow is first applied to Poisson's equation on different 2D domains and then to a 2D quadrupole magnet model. Comparisons against randomly initialized PINNs reveal that the performance of TL is ultimately dependent on the type of geometry variation considered, leading to significantly improved convergence rates and training times for some variations, but also to no improvement or even to performance deterioration in other cases.
Droughts and heatwaves in the West African monsoon system
Authors: Ragatoa Dakéga Saberma , Amekudzi Leonard K. , Fink Andreas H. , Maranan Marlon , Klutse Nana Ama Browne , Edjame Kodjovi S. , Ogunjobi Kehinde O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeatwaves and droughts increasingly impact public health and societal system in a world subject to global warming. Several studies reported these phenomena all around the world, but there is a dearth of research specifically in West Africa. This study fills that gap by comparing heatwave/heat stress and drought occurrence in three climate zones (Guinea, Sudan and Sahel) of West Africa from 1981 to 2020. The analysis focuses on the comparison of station and gridded datasets. The Cumulative Excess Heat (CumHeat) and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) are considered for heatwaves. For drought, the Standardized Precipitation (Evapotranspiration) Index SPI (SPEI) are used at 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month scales. Both heatwave and drought characteristics are investigated as well as their co‐occurrence (D‐HW). The investigation reveals a good correlation between station and gridded datasets for drought indices. While station data records fewer and less intense heatwave, gridded data indicates longer‐lasting heat extremes. The study also demonstrates a strong agreement between the UTCI computed from the Rayman model and ERA5‐HEAT dataset, despite timing discrepancies, especially along the Guinea coast. The Sahel region is found to endure higher heat stress levels, with increasing intensity of heatwaves over time. Notably, the study uncovers an increasing frequency of compound D‐HW in all zones, especially the Sudan and Sahel zones, offering new insights into the climatic challenges faced by West Africa. These findings emphasize the critical need for improved planning and early warning systems (EWS) to mitigate the impacts of these climate extremes ecosystems and human health.
A new active packaging system based on chickpea‐based edible coatings added with microcapsules of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. flower extract
Authors: Camiletti Ornella F. , Prieto M. Cecilia , Bergesse Antonella E. , Vera Leonardo G. , Grosso Nelson R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Cosmos sulphureus Cav. plant is studied for its high polyphenolic content with antioxidant properties. Its flowers, rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, hold promise as antioxidants in food preservation. The inclusion of these compounds in chickpea‐based coatings with a previously studied preservative effect would be an excellent option as a food preservation method and microencapsulation addresses challenges like dispersion and degradation of polyphenols in the coating. The objective of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Cosmos sulphureus leaves, seed, and flower extracts and explore the protective effects of chickpea‐based coatings containing microcapsules of flower polyphenolic extract on the chemical quality of stored roasted sunflower seeds during storage.RESULTSThe ethanolic leaf extract exhibited the highest antiradical activity, followed by the aqueous flower extract. After a storage period of 15 days, at 40 °C, the chickpea‐based coatings effectively delayed lipid oxidation in the roasted sunflowers seeds, and the inclusion of polyphenolic microcapsules with 0.01% extract (SMC 0.01%) in the coating significantly improved the protective effect. By day 15 of storage, SMC 0.01% showed comparable peroxide value, conjugated dienes, and linoleic acid content to samples containing the synthetic antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). Samples that only contained chickpea‐based coating and coating with polyphenolic microcapsules with 0.005% extract exhibited significantly greater reduction in fatty acid content compared to the 0.01% SMC treatment.ConclusionThe chickpea‐based coating with polyphenolic microcapsules demonstrated antioxidant activity akin to synthetic BHT, offering a promising biopackaging solution for lipid‐rich foods like roasted sunflower seeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Extraction and physicochemical characterization of native and broiler chicken feet gelatin
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Sahar Amna , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoultry processing generates a large amount of industrial waste, which is rich in collagen content. This waste can be utilized for the extraction of valuable components such as gelatin, which can be used as an alternative to mammalian gelatin (porcine and bovine).RESULTSGelatins were analyzed for their yield, proximate analysis, pH, color, viscosity, bloom strength, and texture profile analysis. The yield of broiler chicken feet gelatin (BCFG) was slightly higher (7.93%) as compared to native chicken feet gelatin (NCFG) (7.06%). The protein content was 85.92% and 82.53% for BCFG and NCFG. Both gelatin had moisture content in the standard range (< 15) as given by Gelatin Manufacturers of Europe (GME). Both gelatins showed higher bloom strength (326 g for NCFG and 203 g for BCFG) at 6.67% gelatin concentration, classified as high bloom. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed amide I, amide A, amide B at 1636 cm−1, 3302 cm−1, 2945 cm−1 for NCFG and 1738 cm−1, 3292 cm−1, 2920 cm−1 for BCFG. At 6.67% gelatin concentration, hardness and cohesiveness values were also higher than commercial gelatin previously studied. The pH values for NCFG were 5.43 and BCFG was 5.31. Both NCFG and BCFG viscosities (4.43 and 3.85 cP) were in the optimum range of commercial gelatins (2–7 cP).CONCLUSIONHence, the present study concluded that both NCFG and BCFG have a huge potential to replace commercial mammalian gelatins (porcine and bovine) in the food industries. However further studies should be done to optimize the extraction process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effects of acute versus repeated cannabidiol administration on trauma‐relevant emotional reactivity: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Gournay L. Riley , Ferretti Morgan L. , Nguyen Anna‐Marie , Bilsky Sarah , Shields Grant S. , Mann Eric , Williams Parker , Woychesin Sydney , Bonn‐Miller Marcel , Leen‐Feldner Ellen W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the widespread use and perceived efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) as an anxiolytic, few controlled studies have evaluated the effects of CBD on anxiety‐relevant indications, and only one has done so in the context of trauma‐related symptoms. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature. Participants were 42 trauma‐exposed individuals (Mage = 23.12 years, SDage = 6.61) who endorsed elevated stress. They were randomly assigned to take 300 mg of oral CBD or placebo daily for 1 week. Acute (i.e., following an initial 300 mg dose) and repeated (i.e., following 1 week of daily 300 mg dosing) effects of CBD were evaluated in relation to indicators of anxious arousal (i.e., anxiety, distress, heart rate) in response to idiographic trauma script presentation. The results of the current study suggest that relative to placebo, 300 mg CBD did not significantly reduce anxiety, B = 13.37, t(37) = 1.71, p = .096, d = 0.09, Bayes factor (BF10) = 0.54; distress, B = 15.20, t(37) = 1.31, p = .197, d = 0.07, BF10 = 0.51; or heart rate, B = ‐1.09, t(36) = ‐0.32, p = .755, d = 0.02, BF10 = 0.29, evoked by idiographic trauma script presentation in the context of acute or repeated administration. These data suggest that CBD may not effectively reduce trauma‐relevant emotional arousal; however, more work is needed to confidently assert such claims due to the small sample size. The current study extends the groundwork for additional studies in this important area.
Phytoplankton biomass responses to a marine heat wave align with altered nitracline depth
Authors: Landry Michael R. , Freibott Alexandra L. , Beatty Jennifer L. , Selph Karen E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe 2014–2015 warm anomaly (aka “the Blob”), the largest of periodic and intensifying marine heat wave (MHW) perturbations in the northeast Pacific, may provide some insight about the future warmer ocean. Here, we use mixed‐layer carbon estimates for total phytoplankton, major size classes and functional groups from 45 CalCOFI cruises to: (1) compare 2014–2015 MHW impacts in the southern California Current System to baseline estimates from 2004 to 2013 and (2) to test a space‐for‐time exchange hypothesis that links biomass structure to variability of nitracline depth (NCD). Seasonal and inshore‐offshore analyses from nine stations revealed almost uniform 2°C MHW warming extending 700 km seaward, fourfold to sixfold declines in nitrate concentration and 18‐m deeper NCDs. Phytoplankton C decreased 16–21% compared to 45–65% for Chl a, with the threefold difference due to altered C : Chl a. Among size classes, percent composition of nanoplankton decreased and picophytoplankton increased, driven by higher Prochlorococcus biomass, while Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes generally declined. Diatom and dinoflagellate C decreased in both onshore and offshore waters. Seasonally, the MHW delayed the normal winter refresh of surface nitrate, resulting in depressed stocks of total phytoplankton and nanoplankton, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes during winter. Consistent with the space‐for‐time hypothesis, biomass variations for baseline and MHW cruises followed similar (not significantly different) slope relationships to NCD. All biomass components, except Prochlorococcus, were negatively related to NCD, and community biomass structure realigned according to regression slopes differences with NCD variability. Empirically derived biomass‐NCD relationships could be useful for calibrating models that explore future food‐web impacts in this coastal upwelling system.
Advances in targeted liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry methods for endocannabinoid and N‐acylethanolamine quantification in biological matrices: A systematic review
Authors: Amir Hamzah Khalisa , Turner Natalie , Nichols David , Ney Luke J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLiquid chromatography paired with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is the gold standard in measurement of endocannabinoid concentrations in biomatrices. We conducted a systematic review of literature to identify advances in targeted LC‐MS/MS methods in the period 2017–2024. We found that LC‐MS/MS methods for endocannabinoid quantification are relatively consistent both across time and across biomatrices. Recent advances have primarily been in three areas: (1) sample preparation techniques, specific to the chosen biomatrix; (2) the range of biomatrices tested, recently favoring blood matrices; and (3) the breadth of endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid‐like analytes incorporated into assays. This review provides a summary of the recent literature and a guide for researchers looking to establish the best methods for quantifying endocannabinoids in a range of biomatrices.