bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Rapid and Non‐destructive Analysis Tool for Curcuminoids in Turmeric
Authors: Kim Young‐Jun , Lee Hyong Joo , Shin Han‐Seung , Shin Youngjae 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionTurmeric has been widely used in curry powders as the main spice. Conventional chemical analysis such as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) may take several hours to extract curcuminoids and prepare samples in many turmeric processing industries.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate curcuminoids in turmeric powder using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS).MethodsAll spectral acquisition ranged from 1100 to 2500 nm and a chemometrics analysis using partial least‐squares (PLS) regression was performed to quantify the contents of individual curcuminoids. The HPLC was carried out (n = 129) to develop a PLS model based on the reference values.ResultsHigh correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.93) and low standard error of cross‐validation (SECV < 0.20 g/100 g) and standard error of prediction (SEP < 0.13 g/100 g) values were obtained for precision and accuracy. In addition, the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD > 2.65) values was also calculated.ConclusionOur results indicate that NIRS could be utilised as a control procedure or as an alternative rapid and effective quantification method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Traditional Paths: New International Student Pathways to the Baccalaureate
Authors: Hagedorn Linda Serra , Hu Jiayi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere is a growing “swirling” trend of students alternating between 2‐ and 4‐year colleges. The non‐linear paths traveled by many community college students often take them through multiple colleges and/or through patterns of stop‐out and return. Due to the rapid growth of international students pursuing US degrees, this study identifies the demographic composition of international students and investigates their swirling patterns for what may appear as erratic paths. This manuscript includes important implications for practitioners and others at community colleges.
Europäische Normen in der Lecksuchtechnik
Authors: Rottländer Hans 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDer vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Europäischen Normen (EN) in der Lecksuchtechnik. Dabei wird zum einen der Inhalt dieser Normen im Hinblick auf Prüfverfahren und Prüfgeräte dargelegt. Zum anderen wird aufgezeigt, welche Anforderungen in Europa an die Qualifikation der mit der Lecksuche betrauten Personen gestellt werden.
Impact of human disturbance, density, and environmental conditions on the survival probabilities of pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
Authors: López‐Roig Marc , Serra‐Cobo Jordi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNatural and anthropogenic disturbances can strongly impact population dynamics of species and are often responsible for zoonotic emerging infectious diseases. However, long‐term studies on the demographic consequences of human disturbances are unusual. We used 6 years (1995–2000) of mark‐recapture data to investigate how climatic conditions, human disturbance and density affect sex‐ and age‐specific apparent survival probabilities of the pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Schreber 1774) in a maternity colony. Our study demonstrated that density played an important role in population dynamics of pipistrelle bat and that its effect differed with respect to age and sex. Notably, human disturbance caused a strong decline of adult female survival, suggesting that perturbations have important consequences in bat‐colony dynamics. Juvenile female survival was negatively influenced by density, being considerably lower in high densities. In contrast, juvenile and adult males were apparently not affected as they had constant survival probabilities. Although climatic factors can markedly affect population dynamics of temperate insectivorous bats, in this study, the weather conditions did not influence the survival rates of pipistrelle bats. We provide the first report that demonstrates the density‐dependent effect on bat survival. That is especially relevant to better understanding of the bat‐population dynamics and to evaluate the consequences of human disturbance and their potential changes in the maternity colony structure.
Physicochemical Property and Fatty Acid Profile of Cephalotaxus fortunei Nut Oils
Authors: Liang Shaohua , Meng Pengcheng , Wang Yadong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper focused on the main composition of Cephalotaxus fortunei nuts, the physicochemical property of its oils, the fatty acid profiles and the content of alkaloids and tocopherol in the nuts oils. And these elements were compared among three kinds of C. fortunei nuts and their oil. The results showed the C. fortunei nuts contained about 65 % crude oil. Meanwhile, the content of crude protein, crude fiber, moisture, ash and reduced sugar were presented, respectively. The important physicochemical indicators of the crude C. fortunei nuts oils were presented, including specific gravity, refractive index, viscosity, acid value and saponification value, etc. The contents of alkaloids were 0.41 % in NUT1, 0.24 % in NUT2 and 0.31 % in NUT3. The contents of tocopherol were low. The analysis of the fatty acid composition showed that the three kinds of oils were all rich in unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid, and the main triacylglycerols were dioleoyl‐monolinoleoyl (OLO) and triolein (OOO). This work might help with the exploration of the applications of C. fortunei nuts and its oil.
The Effect of Anti-Abortion Legislation on Nineteenth Century Fertility
Authors: Lahey Joanna N. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Using nineteenth century legal information combined with census information, I examine the effect of state laws that restricted American women’s access to abortion on the ratio of children to women. I estimate an increase in the birthrate of 4 % to 12 % when abortion is restricted. In the absence of anti-abortion laws, fertility would have been 5 % to 12 % lower in the early twentieth century.
Tribological properties of short carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Khun Nay Win , Zhang He , Lim Lee Hoon , Yue Chee Yoon , Hu Xiao , Yang Jinglei 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Short carbon fiber (SCF) reinforced epoxy composites with different SCF contents were developed to investigate their tribological properties. The friction coefficient and wear of the epoxy composites slid in a circular path against a steel pin inclined at 45° to a vertical axis and a steel ball significantly decreased with increased SCF content due to the solid lubricating effect of SCFs along with the improved mechanical strength of the composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the epoxy composites had less sensitive to surface fatigue caused by the repeated sliding of the counterparts than the epoxy. The tribological results clearly showed that the incorporation of SCFs was an effective way to improve the tribological properties of the epoxy composites.
Contribution of obstetrics and gynecology societies in West and Central African countries to the prevention of unsafe abortion
Authors: Leke Robert J.I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUnsafe abortion is a major public health issue in low‐resource countries. In the countries of West and Central Africa, abortion‐related maternal mortality rates are extremely high, the prevalence of modern contraceptive use is very low, and the unmet need for family planning is also high. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative for the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences has contributed substantially toward increasing awareness of the problem of abortion, bringing abortion‐related issues to the attention of the professional societies, individual gynecologists and obstetricians, Ministries of Health, healthcare providers, and to the community in general. The promotion of quality postabortion care including the use of manual vacuum aspiration, misoprostol, and postabortion contraception has greatly improved access to services; however, there is still a long way to go.
Rethinking the Food and Drug Administration's 2013 guidance on developing drugs for early‐stage Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schneider Lon S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe February 2013 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft guidance for developing drugs for early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) creates certain challenges as they guide toward the use of one cognitive outcome to gain accelerated marketing approval for preclinical AD drugs, and a composite clinical scale – the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale in particular – for the primary outcome for prodromal AD clinical trials.In light of the developing knowledge regarding early stage diagnoses and clinical trials outcomes, we recommend that FDA describe its requirements for validating preclinical AD diagnoses for drug development purposes, maintain the principle for requiring coprimary outcomes, and encourage the advancement of outcomes for early stage AD trials. The principles for drug development for early stage AD should not differ from those for clinical AD, especially as the diagnoses of prodromal and early AD impinge on each other. The FDA should not recommend that a composite scale be used as a sole primary efficacy outcome to support a marketing claim unless it requires that the cognitive and functional components of such a scale are demonstrated to be individually meaningful. The current draft guidelines may inadvertently constrain efforts to better assess the clinical effects of new drugs and inhibit innovation in an area where evidence‐based clinical research practices are still evolving.
2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis report discusses the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, costs of care, and overall effect on caregivers and society. It also examines the impact of AD on women compared with men. An estimated 5.2 million Americans have AD. Approximately 200,000 people younger than 65 years with AD comprise the younger onset AD population; 5 million are age 65 years or older. By mid‐century, fueled in large part by the baby boom generation, the number of people living with AD in the United States is projected to grow by about 9 million. Today, someone in the country develops AD every 67 seconds. By 2050, one new case of AD is expected to develop every 33 seconds, or nearly a million new cases per year, and the total estimated prevalence is expected to be 13.8 million. In 2010, official death certificates recorded 83,494 deaths from AD, making AD the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans aged 65 years or older. Between 2000 and 2010, the proportion of deaths resulting from heart disease, stroke, and prostate cancer decreased 16%, 23%, and 8%, respectively, whereas the proportion resulting from AD increased 68%. The actual number of deaths to which AD contributes (or deathswithAD) is likely much larger than the number of deathsfromAD recorded on death certificates. In 2014, an estimated 700,000 older Americans will die with AD, and many of them will die from complications caused by AD. In 2013, more than 15 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 17.7 billion hours of care to people with AD and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $220 billion. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with AD and other dementias are more than two and a half times as great as payments for all beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are 19 times as great. Total payments in 2014 for health care, long‐term care, and hospice services for people aged 65 years and older with dementia are expected to be $214 billion. AD takes a stronger toll on women than men. More women than men develop the disease, and women are more likely than men to be informal caregivers for someone with AD or another dementia. As caregiving responsibilities become more time consuming and burdensome or extend for prolonged durations, women assume an even greater share of the caregiving burden. For every man who spends 21 to more than 60 hours per week as a caregiver, there are 2.1 women. For every man who lives with the care recipient and provides around‐the‐clock care, there are 2.5 women. In addition, for every man who has provided caregiving assistance for more than 5 years, there are 2.3 women.
Analysis of the factors related to anti-TNF alpha response in the treatment of Crohn's Disease
Authors: Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) presents a great challenge regarding treatment, considering that the best drugs available have very limited effectiveness.
Objective To analyze the characteristics between groups of patients with Crohn's disease who had response versus had not/lost response to treatment with anti-TNF.
Method Retrospective study of patients with CD treated with IFX or ADA.
Results We studied 72 patients with mean age of 35 years; 45 of them were treated with infliximab and 27 with adalimumab; 90% of women were respondents, compared to 10% who were not respondents/lost response, and 60% of men were respondents versus 40% who were not respondents/lost response; there was no difference between IFX and ADA with respect to response; 48 patients were < 40 and 24 > 40 years old. Of those who had < 40 years, 37 were respondents, compared to 11 who were not respondents/lost response. Of those with > 40 years, 16 were respondents versus 8 who were not respondents/lost response; patients under 2 years of diagnosis had a better response than those with two to five years of symptoms, and these latter exhibited a better response than those with more than five years of diagnosis.
Conclusion The observed characteristics of response to treatment of CD with anti-TNF were: association to azathioprine, female gender, age < 40 years and less than two years of diagnosis.
Surge in Hospitalizations Associated With Mechanical Ventilator Use During Influenza Outbreaks
Authors: King James C. , Ajao Adebola , Lichenstein Richard , Magder Laurence S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveInformation on surges in critical care services including mechanical ventilator use during seasonal influenza outbreaks is limited. To potentially facilitate preparedness plans for future pandemics, we retrospectively quantitated surges in all-cause mechanical ventilator use during peak influenza for 12 consecutive years in all certified hospitals in Maryland.MethodsInfluenza testing data obtained for the Centers for Disease Control and Protection, Health and Human Services region 3, included defined peak influenza outbreak periods (PIOP), non-influenza time periods (non-ITP), and proportions of circulating influenza types for all study years. Procedure codes for mechanical ventilator use and diagnostic codes for medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) were reviewed for every Maryland hospitalization. Daily counts of hospitalizations associated with ventilator use or MAARI during PIOP compared to non-ITP were analyzed using Poisson regression adjusted for month and year.ResultsVentilator use increased during PIOP by 7% (95% CI, 5-10) over non-ITP (P < .0001) for all study years. These annual surges correlated with influenza season intensity, as measured by MAARI-related hospitalizations (correlation coefficient = 0.91, P < .0001).ConclusionsSurges in ventilator use were temporally associated with PIOP and were positively correlated with influenza season intensity, as measured by hospitalizations associated with acute respiratory illness. This information may assist resource planning for future pandemics. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;x:1-7)
Slender axisymmetric Stokesian swimmers
Authors: Toppaladoddi S. , Balmforth N. J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSlender-body theory is used to study axisymmetric swimmers propelled by motions of their surfaces. To leading order, the locomotion speed is given by an integral involving the fluid velocity at the surface of the slender body. Locomotion speeds are calculated for fixed-shape swimmers with prescribed fluid surface velocities and for impermeable swimmers driven by propagating surface waves. Next, the internal mechanics is considered, modelling the swimmer as a viscous fluid bounded by an elastic shell. Prescribed forces are exerted on the shell to drive both the internal and external fluid flow and the surface waves. The internal fluid mechanics is determined using lubrication theory. Locomotion speeds are calculated for transverse and longitudinal waves of surface deformation, and the efficiency of the motions is determined. Transverse surface waves are both weaker and less efficient at driving locomotion than longitudinal waves. The results indicate how estimates of swimming speed based on nearly spherical swimmers with low-amplitude surface waves can be adapted for slender swimmers with nonlinear surface deformations.
Peacebuilding as counterinsurgency in the occupied Palestinian territory
Authors: TURNER MANDY 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIt is often suggested that Western peacebuilding in the occupied Palestinian territory has failed because it has not delivered a viable Palestinian state. But if peacebuilding is reinterpreted as a form of counterinsurgency whose goal is to secure a population, then it has not failed – in fact, on the contrary, it has been quite successful. This article therefore critically evaluates the idea and practice of peacebuilding as counterinsurgency by exploring the symbiosis in the philosophy and methods of COIN and peacebuilding, and charts its implementation in the oPt through the realms of governance, development, and security. It argues that peacebuilding in this context operates as another layer of pacification techniques whose goal is to secure the Palestinian population and ensure acquiescence in the face of violent dispossession.
Sub-optimal trajectory planning for mobile manipulators
Authors: Pajak Grzegorz , Pajak Iwona 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a method of planning a sub-optimal trajectory for a mobile manipulator subject to mechanical and control constraints. The path of the end-effector is defined as a curve that can be parameterised by any scaling parameter—the reference trajectory of a mobile platform is not needed. Constraints connected with the existence of mechanical limits for a given manipulator configuration, collision avoidance conditions and control constraints are considered. Nonholonomic constraints in a Pfaffian form are explicitly incorporated to the control algorithm. To avoid manipulator singularities, the motion of the robot is planned in order to maximise the manipulability measure.
A kinematic calibration method based on the product of exponentials formula for serial robot using position measurements
Authors: He Ruibo , Li Xiwen , Shi Tielin , Wu Bo , Zhao Yingjun , Han Fenglin , Yang Shunian , Huang Shuhong , Yang Shuzi 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYBased on product of exponentials (POE) formula, three explicit error models are given in this paper for kinematic calibration of serial robot through measuring its end-effector positions. To obtain these error models, the tool frame should be chosen as reference frame at first, and then each position–error-related segment in the error models using pose measurement should be selected. And during kinematic parameter identification, all the errors in joint twists are identifiable, and the initial transformation errors and the joint zero-position errors can be identified conditionally. Namely, the initial transformation errors are identifiable if they do not contain orientation errors. And the joint zero-position errors are identifiable when a robot only consists of prismatic joints and the coordinates of its joint twists are linearly independent.The effectiveness of this calibration method has been validated by simulations and experiments. The results show that: (1) the identification algorithms are robust and practical. (2) The method of position measurement is superior to that of pose measurement.
Emergency Department Visit Rates and Patterns in Canada’s Vancouver Coastal Health Region
Authors: McGregor Margaret J. , McGrail Kimberlyn M. , Abu-Laban Riyad B. , Ronald Lisa A. , Baumbusch Jennifer , Andrusiek Douglas , Cox Michelle B. 
Published: April 2014

RÉSUMÉCette étude a utilisé des données sur la santé administratives pour décrire des visites effectuées par les résidents de vie assistée et ceux des foyers de soins infirmiers à domicile au service d’urgence (SU) dans la région de Vancouver Coastal Health, Colombie-Britannique. Nous avons comparé taux de visite SU, la répartition des visites par résident, et les dispositions SU des deux populations—d’aide à la vie autonome ou du foyer de soins infirmiers pendant une période de 3 ans (2005-2008). Il y avait 13 051 personnes dans la population étudiée. Taux de visite (intervalle de confiance de 95 pourcent) étaient de 124,8 (118,1 à 131,7) et 64,1 (62,9 à 65,3) visites par 100 ans résidants dans les logements avec assistance et les foyers de soins infirmier à domicile, respectivement. Une plus faible proportion de visites à l’urgence par les résidents de vie assistée ont entraîné une hospitalisation par rapport aux résidents des foyers de soins (45% vs 48%, p<0,01). Le taux de visite à l’urgence chez les résidents de vie assistée est significativement plus élevée par rapport à celle des résidents des foyers de soins. De nouvelles recherches s’imposent sur les causes sous-jacentes de cette constation.
RÍO BEC SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AND LOCAL SOCIOPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Nondédéo Philippe , Arnauld M. Charlotte , Michelet Dominique 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBased on settlement patterns in the Río Bec micro-region, a study zone (100 km2) focused on the eponymous site, there is no evidence that any of the monumental groups underwent true processes of significant, sustainable nucleation on a broad sociopolitical level. This paper analyzes Río Bec settlement patterns in order to better understand why processes of agglomeration did not occur at the site. Our approach to this question consists of analyzing the spatial distribution of settlements in relation to their internal hierarchy, while taking in account evolution through time. The study was carried out at two different scales of analysis, and results are presented for both the “micro-region” and “nuclear zone” (159 ha) scales. The overarching objective of this contribution is to gain greater insight into the social dimensions of the processes that took place at Río Bec during the Classic period.
The effect of reducing the pre-harvest burning of sugar cane on respiratory health in Brazil
Authors: Nicolella Alexandre C. , Belluzzo Walter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of reducing pre-harvest burning of sugar cane on the population's respiratory health in Brazil. We collected data for the municipalities in the state of São Paulo for two different periods: 2000, before the state law requiring the gradual elimination of sugar cane area utilizing pre-burning, and 2007. We used panel models for inpatient visits due to respiratory diseases, outpatient visits for inhalation procedures and length of stay for inpatient visits due to respiratory diseases, controlling for the endogeneity between health and pollution. The results show that increasing the area of raw sugar cane harvested reduces the number of inpatient visits and does not affect the number of inhalation procedures or length of stay.