bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Architecture in Wikipedia
Authors: Whysel Noreen 
Published: August 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThough information architecture (IA) has been represented in Wikipedia since 2003, subject coverage remains inadequate. Without current, academically oriented information and references, the article fails to meet quality standards. A proposed WikiProject would bring needed enhancements to the quality of the IA page to present an accurate and comprehensive picture of the field with appropriate links to related topics. A Wikipedia IA editathon at the 2015 Information Architecture Summit provided an opportunity to jumpstart the WikiProject, with new page editors enlisted as Wikipedians. Editing a Wikipedia page is open to all, though editors are expected to follow policies, rules and guidelines. The DBpedia database, underlying all Wikipedia pages, captures URIs for information elements and RDF triples representing facts. Topic tagging enables linked, open collection of information, stored in the Wikidata knowledge base and linked to other Wiki sites and external databases through identifier properties. All are invited to improve the Wikipedia Information Architecture entry by strengthening and tagging the content, adding references and building links.
Moonlighting Metals: Insights into Regulation of Cyclization Pathways in Fungal Δ6‐Protoilludene Sesquiterpene Synthases
Authors: Quin Maureen B. , Michel Stephen N. , Schmidt‐Dannert Claudia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFungal 1,11 cyclizing sesquiterpene synthases are product specific under typical reaction conditions. However, in vivo expression of certain Δ6‐protoilludene synthases results in dual 1,11 and 1,10 cyclization. To determine the factors regulating this mechanistic variation, in‐depth in vitro characterization of Δ6‐protoilludene synthases was conducted. Divalent metal ions determine cyclization specificity and this product variability. Promiscuity in metal binding is mediated by secondary metal‐binding sites away from the conserved D(D/E)XX(D/E) motif in sesquiterpene synthases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a divergent evolution of Basidiomycota trans‐humulyl cation producing sesquiterpene synthases, results that indicate a wider diversity in function than previously predicted. This study provides key insights into the function and evolution of 1,11 cyclizing fungal sesquiterpene synthases.
Novel Asymmetric Formylation of Aromatic Compounds: Enantioselective Synthesis of Formyl 7,8‐Dipropyltetrathia[7]helicenes
Authors: Doulcet Julien , Stephenson G. Richard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAsymmetric formylation of aromatic compounds is virtually unexplored. We report the synthesis and evaluation of a library including 20 new chiral formamides in the kinetic resolution of 7,8‐dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene, affording the corresponding formyl‐ or diformylhelicenes in up to 73 % ee, making enantiopure compounds available by recrystallisation. With the N,N‐disubstituted formamides used in this study, the best enantioselectivity has been achieved with R1=iPr, R2=Me, R3=H, R4=1‐naphthyl or its 1‐pyrenyl equivalent.
Formation of Foam‐like Microstructural Carbon Material by Carbonization of Porous Coordination Polymers through a Ligand‐Assisted Foaming Process
Authors: Kongpatpanich Kanokwan , Horike Satoshi , Fujiwara Yu‐ichi , Ogiwara Naoki , Nishihara Hirotomo , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPorous carbon material with a foam‐like microstructure has been synthesized by direct carbonization of porous coordination polymer (PCP). In situ generation of foaming agents by chemical reactions of ligands in PCP during carbonization provides a simple way to create lightweight carbon material with a foam‐like microstructure. Among several substituents investigated, the nitro group has been shown to be the key to obtain the unique foam‐like microstructure, which is due to the fast kinetics of gas evolution during carbonization. Foam‐like microstructural carbon materials showed higher pore volume and specific capacitance compared to a microporous carbon.
Studies of a Diazo Cyclopropanation Strategy for the Total Synthesis of (−)‐Lundurine A
Authors: Huang Hong‐Xiu , Jin Shuai‐Jiang , Gong Jin , Zhang Dan , Song Hao , Qin Yong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe bioactive Kopsia alkaloids lundurines A–D are the only natural products known to contain indolylcyclopropane. Achieving their syntheses can provide important insights into their biogenesis, as well as novel synthetic routes for complex natural products. Asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐lundurine A has previously been achieved through a Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation strategy. Here, the total synthesis of (−)‐lundurine A was carried out using a metal‐catalyzed diazo cyclopropanation strategy. In order to avoid a carbene CH insertion side reaction during cyclopropanation of α‐diazo‐ carboxylates or cyanides, a one‐pot, copper‐catalyzed Bamford–Stevens diazotization/diazo decomposition/cyclopropanation cascade was developed, involving hydrazone. This approach simultaneously generates the C/D/E ring system and the two chiral quaternary centers at C2 and C7.
Correlations and Contrasts in Homo‐ and Heteroleptic Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene‐Containing Pt0 Complexes
Authors: Arnold Nicole , Braunschweig Holger , Brenner Peter B. , Celik Mehmet Ali , Dewhurst Rian D. , Haehnel Martin , Kramer Thomas , Krummenacher Ivo , Marder Todd B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn improved synthetic route to homoleptic complex [Pt(CAACMe)2] (CAAC=cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes) and convenient routes to new heteroleptic complexes of the form [Pt(CAACMe)(PR3)] are presented. Although the homoleptic complex was found to be inert to many reagents, oxidative addition and metal‐only Lewis pair (MOLP) formation was observed from one of the heteroleptic complexes. The spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical properties of the zero‐valent complexes were explored in concert with density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. The homoleptic [Pt(CAAC)2] and heteroleptic [Pt(CAAC)(PR3)] complexes were found to be similar in their spectroscopic and structural properties, but their electrochemical behavior and reactivity differ greatly. The unusually strong color of the CAAC‐containing Pt0 complexes was investigated by TD‐DFT calculations and attributed to excitations into the LUMOs of the complexes, which are predominantly composed of bonding π interactions between Pt and the CAAC carbon atoms.
A Versatile Organocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched gem‐Difluorinated Compounds
Authors: Saulnier Steve , Ciardi Moira , Lopez‐Carrillo Veronica , Gualandi Andrea , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe combination of a practical and highly enantioselective organocatalytic reaction, which allows the stereoselective introduction of a benzodithiol group, with a fluorination step, gives a new and effective strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of difluorinated building blocks. The benzodithiol group is a versatile and chameleonic group that can be further functionalized before fluorination, giving customized and tailored useful synthetic strategies. As an example of the application of this facile strategy, the effective enantioselective synthesis of difluoroarundic acid is described.
Precursor T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma: Speedy diagnosis in FNA and effusion cytology by morphology, immunochemistry, and flow cytometry
Authors: Bhaker Poonam , Das Anirban , Rajwanshi Arvind , Gautam Upasana , Trehan Amita , Bansal Deepak , Varma Neelam , Srinivasan Radhika 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDPrecursor T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) is a rare lymphoma presenting clinically in children and adolescents with a rapidly enlarging mediastinal mass, dyspnea, and cervical lymphadenopathy requiring quick diagnosis. The objective of the current study was to report on the spectrum of cytomorphology and flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI).METHODSThe clinical profile, cytomorphological features, FCI, and cell block immunocytochemistry (CB‐ICC) of all cases of T‐LBL diagnosed from 2011 through 2013 were reviewed.RESULTSFifteen cases of precursor T‐LBL (10 fine‐needle aspiration samples and 5 pleural/pericardial fluid samples) were evaluated. Smears demonstrated dispersed lymphoblasts, with a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio and scanty basophilic cytoplasm. Nuclei demonstrated notches, clefts, and indentations. The chromatin was condensed in small and intermediate‐sized blasts and dispersed in larger blasts. Nucleoli were present only in the larger blasts. Hand mirror‐shaped cells and mitoses were variable. With regard to immunophenotyping, flow cytometry demonstrated positivity for CD2 (15 of 15 cases), surface CD3 (14 of 15 cases), cytoplasmic CD3 (15 of 15 cases), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) (8 of 15 cases), CD5 (13 of 15 cases), CD10 (7 of 15 cases), and human leukocyte antigen‐D related (HLA‐DR) (1 of 15 cases). Dual CD4/CD8 positivity was observed in all cases forming a tight cluster, which is consistent with the cortical T‐LBL subtype. CB‐ICC demonstrated a uniform CD3‐positive/TdT‐positive/CD20‐negative phenotype. In 7 cases in which TdT was negative by flow cytometry, CB‐ICC was positive.CONCLUSIONSCombining cytomorphology and FCI enables the accurate and rapid diagnosis of T‐LBL on fine‐needle aspiration and effusion cytology specimens, thereby obviating the need for a biopsy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:557–565. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Neuropeptide F neurons modulate sugar reward during associative olfactory learning of Drosophila larvae
Authors: Rohwedder Astrid , Selcho Mareike , Chassot Bérénice , Thum Andreas S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAll organisms continuously have to adapt their behavior according to changes in the environment in order to survive. Experience‐driven changes in behavior are usually mediated and maintained by modifications in signaling within defined brain circuits. Given the simplicity of the larval brain of Drosophila and its experimental accessibility on the genetic and behavioral level, we analyzed if Drosophila neuropeptide F (dNPF) neurons are involved in classical olfactory conditioning. dNPF is an ortholog of the mammalian neuropeptide Y, a highly conserved neuromodulator that stimulates food‐seeking behavior. We provide a comprehensive anatomical analysis of the dNPF neurons on the single‐cell level. We demonstrate that artificial activation of dNPF neurons inhibits appetitive olfactory learning by modulating the sugar reward signal during acquisition. No effect is detectable for the retrieval of an established appetitive olfactory memory. The modulatory effect is based on the joint action of three distinct cell types that, if tested on the single‐cell level, inhibit and invert the conditioned behavior. Taken together, our work describes anatomically and functionally a new part of the sugar reinforcement signaling pathway for classical olfactory conditioning in Drosophila larvae. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2637–2664, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparative study of an X‐ray tomography reconstruction algorithm in accelerated and cloud computing systems
Authors: Serrano Estefania , Blas Javier Garcia , Carretero Jesus 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWith the increase of resolution in medical image scanners and the need of faster reconstruction methods, new ways of exploiting the inherent parallelism of reconstruction algorithms have arisen. In this paper, we present Mangoose++, an application to perform X‐ray computed tomography that supports multiple grades of parallelism. This parallelism is tackled with two different approaches: the usage of parallel nodes with multicore CPUs in a cloud environment and the usage of high‐performance computing (HPC)‐based parallel architectures such as general‐purpose computing on graphics processing unit (GPGPU) or Intel Xeon Phi. In this paper, we show the design and implementation of the application in three types of platforms related to the previous mentioned approaches, comparing and analyzing the performance, resource utilization, and scalability of each platform. Accelerators offer high performance for data sizes that fit inside the accelerator memory. This is the main advantage of Intel Xeon Phi that, in this work, obtains similar performance results than compute unified device architecture (CUDA)‐based GPGPU versions, comparing with cards with less memory capacity. In our evaluation experiments, we additionally analyze and discuss the costs and efficiency of Mangoose++ over Amazon Compute Cloud platform, demonstrating that lower times can be achieved in a reasonable price compared with owned HPC‐based hardware. A comparison between distinct hardware configurations is provided for emphasizing on the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Dimensional Self‐Standing TiO2 Nanotube Array Layers Designed for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Zhang Jie , Pauporté Thierry 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNanotube (NT) layers of TiO2 are important one‐dimensional nanostructures for advanced applications. ZnO nanowire arrays prepared through electrochemical deposition with tuned morphological properties are converted into anatase TiO2 NTs by using a titanate solution adjusted to an ad hoc pH. The tubes are polycrystalline and their diameter and length can be tuned to obtain nanostructures of tailored dimensions. The layers are integrated in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Their morphology is optimized for maximum performance and is compared to mesoscopic TiO2 PSCs. As compared to the latter, the use of NTs improved the perovskite absorbance in the green‐to‐near‐infrared solar spectral region. Moreover, it is shown that the surface treatment of the TiO2 NTs with TiCl4 optimizes the interface between the oxide and CH3NH3PbI3, which leads to better charge injection between the perovskite layer and the TiO2 NTs. The current density–voltage curve hysteresis index is low for the best NT morphology and significantly increases with tube length and diameter.
FloReMi: Flow density survival regression using minimal feature redundancy
Authors: Van Gassen Sofie , Vens Celine , Dhaene Tom , Lambrecht Bart N. , Saeys Yvan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAdvances in flow cytometry bioinformatics have resulted in a wide variety of clustering, classification and visualization techniques. To objectively evaluate the performance of such methods, common benchmarks such as the FlowCAP initiative have proven to be of great value. In this work, we report on a novel method, FloReMi, which was developed to tackle the most recent FlowCAP IV challenge. This challenge was formulated as a survival modeling problem, where participants were expected to design a model to predict the time until progression to AIDS for HIV patients. It is known that variability in progression rate cannot be fully predicted by simple CD4+ T cell counts. However, it is hypothesized that the immunopathogenesis established early in HIV already indicates the course of future disease. Adequately estimating the progression rate of HIV patients is crucial in their treatment. Using an automated pipeline to preprocess the data, and subsequently identify and select informative cell subsets, a survival regression method based on random survival forests was built, which obtained the best results of all submitted approaches to the FlowCAP IV challenge. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Experimental evidence that wildflower strips increase pollinator visits to crops
Authors: Feltham Hannah , Park Kirsty , Minderman Jeroen , Goulson Dave 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWild bees provide a free and potentially diverse ecosystem service to farmers growing pollination‐dependent crops. While many crops benefit from insect pollination, soft fruit crops, including strawberries are highly dependent on this ecosystem service to produce viable fruit. However, as a result of intensive farming practices and declining pollinator populations, farmers are increasingly turning to commercially reared bees to ensure that crops are adequately pollinated throughout the season. Wildflower strips are a commonly used measure aimed at the conservation of wild pollinators. It has been suggested that commercial crops may also benefit from the presence of noncrop flowers; however, the efficacy and economic benefits of sowing flower strips for crops remain relatively unstudied. In a study system that utilizes both wild and commercial pollinators, we test whether wildflower strips increase the number of visits to adjacent commercial strawberry crops by pollinating insects. We quantified this by experimentally sowing wildflower strips approximately 20 meters away from the crop and recording the number of pollinator visits to crops with, and without, flower strips. Between June and August 2013, we walked 292 crop transects at six farms in Scotland, recording a total of 2826 pollinators. On average, the frequency of pollinator visits was 25% higher for crops with adjacent flower strips compared to those without, with a combination of wild and commercial bumblebees (Bombus spp.) accounting for 67% of all pollinators observed. This effect was independent of other confounding effects, such as the number of flowers on the crop, date, and temperature. Synthesis and applications. This study provides evidence that soft fruit farmers can increase the number of pollinators that visit their crops by sowing inexpensive flower seed mixes nearby. By investing in this management option, farmers have the potential to increase and sustain pollinator populations over time.
Fused Selenazolinium Salt Derivatives with a Se–N+ Bond: Preparation and Properties
Authors: Arsenyan Pavel , Vasiljeva Jelena , Belyakov Sergey , Liepinsh Edvards , Petrova Marina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractConvenient methods for the preparation of stable, fused selenazolinium salt systems with a Se–N+ bond have been developed. The mechanism for the formation of the selenazole cycle was investigated in detail by conducting multinuclear NMR experiments. The ability of these compounds to form stable inner salts was demonstrated. We have shown the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) like properties of selenazolopyridinium salts by oxidizing sulfur‐containing natural amino acids, as well as aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. The molecular structures of most of the compounds were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies.
Total and methylmercury partitioning between colloids and true solution: From case studies in sediment overlying and porewaters to a generalized model
Authors: Guédron Stéphane , Devin Simon , Vignati Davide A.L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Tangential flow ultrafiltration was used to determine the partitioning of total mercury (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) between colloids and true solution in sediment overlying and porewaters collected in Lake Geneva (Switzerland and France), Venice Lagoon (Italy), and Baihua Reservoir (China). Overlying water and porewater spanned different ranges of THg and MMHg concentrations, redox conditions, and salinity. Total Hg, MMHg, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured in filter-passing (&lt;0.45 μm), colloidal (3 kDa–0.45 μm), and truly dissolved (&lt;3 kDa) fractions. The percentages of filterable Hg and MMHg associated with colloids (arithmetic means ±1 standard deviation [SD]) were 29 ± 11% for THg (range, 4–60%) and 44 ± 17% for MMHg (range, 15–65%). Ultrafiltration DOC mass balances were often not satisfactory. However, this was apparently without consequences on THg/MMHg fractionation, suggesting that only a part of total DOC controlled THg/MMHg partitioning in overlying water and porewater. Linear relationships existed between filter passing and truly dissolved concentrations of THg and MMHg, suggesting that mechanisms controlling their partitioning are, at least partly, similar across aquatic systems. These linear relationships could be extended to data from published studies and ultrafilterable concentrations often could be predicted, within a factor of 2, from the measurement of filter-passing ones. The possibility to easily model THg/MMHg partitioning across aquatic systems will facilitate its consideration in general biogeochemical THg/MMHg models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:330–339. © 2015 SETAC
Estimation of the temperature profiles of reinforced concrete cross sections exposed to standard fires by using artificial neural networks with different topologies
Authors: Albayrak Selahattin , Burnaz Oğuz 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe thermal analysis in structural members can be extremely complex, especially for materials that retain moisture and have a low thermal conductivity. The simplest method of defining the temperature profile through the cross section is to use test data presented in tables or charts, which are published in codes or design guides. These tabulated data are generally based on standard fire conditions. Annex A of TS‐EN1992‐1‐2 provides a series of calculated temperature profiles for concrete slabs or walls, beams, and columns. But these profiles are given for specific cross‐section dimensions and standard fire resistance durations. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the temperature profiles of reinforced concrete beam and column cross sections by using artificial neural networks (ANN) with different topologies. When modeling ANN, it is benefited from multi‐layer ANN, which uses supervised learning rule. During training and testing stage of ANN, the results obtained from the aforementioned temperature profiles are used. The temperatures values were read from the temperature profile charts according to standard fire durations, cross‐sections height and widths, and x and y coordinates of the points by the reference point. By testing ANN with different topologies in conclusions, its usability, advantages, and disadvantages are evaluated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physician Payment Contracts in the Presence of Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection: The Theory and Its Application in Ontario
Authors: Kantarevic Jasmin , Kralj Boris 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe develop a stylized principal–agent model with moral hazard and adverse selection to provide a unified framework for understanding some of the most salient features of the recent physician payment reform in Ontario and its impact on physician behavior. These features include the following: (i) physicians can choose a payment contract from a menu that includes an enhanced fee‐for‐service contract and a blended capitation contract; (ii) the capitation rate is higher, and the cost‐reimbursement rate is lower in the blended capitation contract; (iii) physicians sort selectively into the contracts based on their preferences; and (iv) physicians in the blended capitation model provide fewer services than physicians in the enhanced fee‐for‐service model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.