bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution and Geographic Distribution of Headache Medicine Fellowship Programs and Graduates: An Observational Study
Authors: Rizzoli Paul , Weizenbaum Emma , Loder Thomas , Friedman Deborah , Loder Elizabeth 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesWe sought to assess the experiences, growth, and distribution of accredited headache medicine fellowships since accreditation began in 2007, and to examine the number and current practice locations of fellows graduated from those programs.BackgroundThere are no data on the distribution of headache fellowship programs and their graduates throughout the United States.MethodsWe surveyed directors of Headache Medicine fellowship programs accredited by the United Council of Neurologic Subspecialties as of April 1, 2014. We recorded the geographic locations of accredited programs and fellowship graduates and determined their distribution in relation to the overall and selected minority populations of US census divisions, regions, and states.ResultsIn early 2014, there were 25 accredited Headache Medicine fellowship programs in the United States. Thirty‐two (63%) US states lack a headache fellowship program and 24 (47%) do not have a practicing United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties fellowship graduate. Fifty‐two of 96 fellows (54%) entered practice in the same state where they did their training. The northeastern United States has the best ratio of fellowship programs and graduates to population (0.28 and 0.35 per million inhabitants) and land area (6.38 and 8 per 100,000 square miles). The Pacific Northwest has the worst (0.05 and 0.02 fellowship programs and graduates per million inhabitants and 2.3 and 1.1 per 100,000 square miles). Fifty‐five percent of the US Hispanic population lives in areas of the country with only 32% of practicing certified headache specialists, 28% of accredited fellowship programs, and which have attracted only 27% of fellowship graduates. Thirty‐three percent of the US black population lives in areas with just 8% of fellowship programs and 27% of fellowship graduates. Fellowship directors report that funding for fellowship positions is an important challenge.ConclusionsThe number of fellowship programs has increased dramatically since 2007, but their geographic distribution is uneven and so are the subsequent practice locations of fellow graduates. At present, the distribution of training programs and headache specialists is not well matched to the US population as a whole or to the location of important racial and ethnic minorities. Increasing the overall supply of headache specialists is important, but geographic inequalities in specialist distribution must also be addressed or disparities will increase.
Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with poor prognosis in small intestinal carcinoma
Authors: Kim Min Jong , Gu Mi Jin , Chang Hee‐Kyung , Yu Eunsil 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo investigate AT‐rich interactive domain‐containing protein 1A (ARID1A) and p53 expression in small intestinal carcinoma (SIC) and to determine its prognostic significance.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical staining for ARID1A and p53 was performed in 178 SICs using a tissue microarray (TMA). Loss of or low ARID1A expression was observed in 36 (20.2%) and 60 (33.7%) of cases, respectively. Aberrant p53 expression was observed in 99 (55.6%) cases. Loss of or low ARID1A expression was found to be associated with signet ring cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, a high‐grade tumour, and a higher T stage. No relationship was found between aberrant p53 expression and clinicopathological factors or overall survival. Patients with loss of ARID1A expression, irrespective of p53 expressional status, showed significantly poorer overall survival than those expressing ARID1A. Multiple regression analysis revealed that grade and pT stage were associated significantly with ARID1A loss, and multivariate analysis showed that patients with high ARID1A expression had a lower risk of death than those with loss of ARID1A expression.ConclusionsLow or loss of ARID1A expression is correlated significantly with a high‐grade tumour, higher T stage, and poorer overall survival. These findings suggest that ARID1A expression could be used as a prognostic marker in SIC.
Synthesis of Single‐Phase β‐Yb2Si2O7 and Properties of Its Sintered Bulk
Authors: Wang Shu‐Bin , Lu Yan‐Ru , Chen Yan‐Xia 
Published: November 2014

Single‐phase β‐Yb2Si2O7 was synthesized by solid‐state reaction using Yb2O3 and SiO2 gel. SiO2 gel significantly decreased the synthesis temperature and shortened the holding time. Bulk Yb2Si2O7 was obtained by pressureless sintering. Grain size, relative density (92.9%), and flexural strength [(182.3 ± 2.0) MPa] were enhanced as the sintering temperature increased and equiaxed grains were obtained with an average grain size of approximately 3 μm. Bulk Yb2Si2O7 possessed a suitable thermal expansion coefficient [(4.64 ± 0.01) × 10−6/K] between 473 and 1573 K, and the thermal conductivities at 300 and 1400 K were 4.31 and 2.27 W/m·K, respectively.
Exploring the meaning of recovery‐oriented care: An action‐research study
Authors: Kidd Susan , Kenny Amanda , McKinstry Carol 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe present study describes participants' perspectives of the meaning of recovery‐oriented care in developing services for people with psychosocial disability associated with mental illness. Participants were involved in a 12‐month cooperative inquiry action‐research group from August 2012 to July 2013, with six consumers, four clinicians, and a carer. A major finding was the importance of the facilitation of dialogue that acknowledged the asymmetrical power differences between participants. Thematically‐analysed data identified an overarching global theme: ‘I want services to hear me’. The theme reflected a shared view that participation is important in service development. Actions included mapping the integration of consumer participation within a mental health service and developing workshops to support change. Addressing the asymmetrical power relationship inherent in traditional mental health design is important. Using participatory processes, structural discrimination is revealed, and tensions associated with clinical mental health services and psychiatric practice can be discussed. A partnership approach to service development enables the social determinants of health to be addressed more effectively, as well as supporting individual recovery. These approaches create the potential for genuine transformational change. Approaches that support coproduction and codesign have the potential to enable solutions.
A randomized investigator‐blind parallel‐group study to assess efficacy and safety of azelaic acid 15% gel vs. adapalene 0.1% gel in the treatment and maintenance treatment of female adult acne
Authors: Thielitz A. , Lux A. , Wiede A. , Kropf S. , Papakonstantinou E. , Gollnick H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundGrowing numbers of post‐adolescent females are suffering from treatment‐resistant or relapsing adult acne forms, therefore requiring the definition of safe and effective treatment options for this burdening disease.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of azelaic acid 15% gel (AzA) vs. no treatment during maintenance therapy of female adult acne and to compare its efficacy and safety vs. adapalene 0.1% gel (AD) during a 9‐month period (3‐month treatment and 6‐month maintenance treatment).MethodsA total of 55 women between 18 and 45 years with adult acne were included in this investigator‐blind trial and randomized into three groups receiving AzA gel b.i.d. for 9 months (AzA9M, n = 17) or AzA gel b.i.d. for 3 months followed by a 6‐month observational phase (AzA3M, n = 19) or AD gel once daily for 9 months (AD9M, n = 19). Parameters of efficacy, safety and patient‐related factors were analysed.ResultsThe reduction in lesion counts, severity and Dermatology Life Quality Index score was significant (P < 0.05) and comparable between groups during the treatment phase, while dryness and scaling were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in group AzA9M vs. AD9M. During maintenance, AzA9M was superior to AzA3M in the control of inflammatory lesions (P = 0.008) and total lesions (P = 0.014) at week 24. From week 12 to week 36, a mild relative increase in inflammatory lesions could be observed in all groups. In AzA3M, this increase exceeded that of AzA9M by 23.1% (P = 0.109), while the difference of total lesions diverged to 30.8% (P = 0.038). No significant differences could be detected between AzA9M and AD9M. Group AzA9M was non‐inferior to AD9M (non‐inferiority margin of 50% for the confidence limit for the relative effect) in the control of inflammatory acne lesions.ConclusionsAzA15% gel is a safe and effective treatment and maintenance treatment of female adult acne with non‐inferior efficacy to AD 0.1% gel in the control of inflammatory acne.
Sperm competition generates evolution of increased paternal investment in a sex role‐reversed seed beetle
Authors: Booksmythe I. , Fritzsche K. , Arnqvist G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhen males provide females with resources at mating, they can become the limiting sex in reproduction, in extreme cases leading to the reversal of typical courtship roles. The evolution of male provisioning is thought to be driven by male reproductive competition and selection for female fecundity enhancement. We used experimental evolution under male‐ or female‐biased sex ratios and limited or unlimited food regimes to investigate the relative roles of these routes to male provisioning in a sex role‐reversed beetle, Megabruchidius tonkineus, where males provide females with nutritious ejaculates. Males evolving under male‐biased sex ratios transferred larger ejaculates than did males from female‐biased populations, demonstrating a sizeable role for reproductive competition in the evolution of male provisioning. Although larger ejaculates elevated female lifetime offspring production, we found little evidence of selection for larger ejaculates via fecundity enhancement: males evolving under resource‐limited and unlimited conditions did not differ in mean ejaculate size. Resource limitation did, however, affect the evolution of conditional ejaculate allocation. Our results suggest that the resource provisioning that underpins sex role reversal in this system is the result of male–male reproductive competition rather than of direct selection for males to enhance female fecundity.
Revision of Strombidium paracalkinsi (Ciliophora: Oligotrichea: Oligotrichia), with Comparison of Strombidiids Bearing Thigmotactic Membranelles
Authors: Lee Eun Sun , Kim Young‐Ok , Agatha Sabine , Jung Jae‐Ho , Xu Dapeng , Shin Mann Kyoon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study analyses the morphological characters of Strombidium paracalkinsi, a species bearing thigmotactic membranelles, collected from Jangmok Bay at the southern coast of Korea. The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of S. paracalkinsi was sequenced for the first time. By a combination of characters, the thigmotactic membranelles of S. paracalkinsi differ from the thigmotactic membranelles of other strombidiids. They are (1) positioned on dorsal side, (2) contiguous with three membranelles of the adoral zone, but separated by nonciliated portions of the polykinetids, and (3) composed of two rows of kinetids. Except for the thigmotactic membranelles, the morphology of S. paracalkinsi conforms to the diagnosis of the genus Strombidium. Our phylogenetic tree confirms the nonmonophyly of the genus Strombidium. The thigmotactic membranelles are a promising feature for a future split of the genus Strombidium, but require further studies, especially on Strombidium calkinsi Fauré‐Fremiet 1932.
Environmental Footprints and Scenario Analysis for Assessing the Impacts of the Agri‐Food Industry on a Regional Economy: A Case Study in Spain
Authors: Cazcarro Ignacio , Duarte Rosa , Sánchez‐Chóliz Julio , Sarasa Cristina , Serrano Ana 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe study of the environmental footprints of various sectors and industries is increasingly demanded by institutions and by society. In this context, the regional perspective is becoming particularly important, and even more so in countries such as Spain, where the autonomous communities have the primary responsibility for implementing measures to combat environmental degradation and promote sustainable development, in coordination with national strategies. Taking as a case study a Spanish region, Aragon, and significant economic sectors, including agriculture and the food industry, the aim of this work is twofold. First, we calculate the associated environmental footprints (of emissions and water) from the dual perspectives of production (local impacts) and consumption (final destination of the goods produced by the agri‐food industry). Second, through a scenarios analysis, based on a general equilibrium model designed and calibrated specifically for the region, we evaluate the environmental implications of changes in the agri‐food industry (changes in the export and import pattern, as well as in consumer behavior). This model provides a flexible approximation to the environmental impacts, controlling for a wider range of behavioral and economic interactions. Our results indicate that the agri‐food industry has a significant impact on the environment, especially on water resources, which must be responsibly managed in order to maintain the differential advantage that a regional economy can have, compared to other territories.
Effect of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate in masticatory muscles of rats
Authors: Daré Leticia R. , Dias Daniel V. , Rosa Junior Geraldo M. , Bueno Cleuber R. S. , Buchaim Rogerio L. , Rodrigues Antonio de C. , Andreo Jesus C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this research was to examine the influence of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) on changes in the profile of muscle fibers, whether these alterations were similar between the elevator and depressor muscles of the jaw, and whether the effects would be similar in male and female animals. Fifty‐eight rats aged 60 days (29 animals of each gender) were divided into four groups: the initial control group (ICG) was sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment; the placebo control group (PCG) received saline and was fed ad libitum; the experimental group (EG) received 0.3 g kg−1 of HMB daily for 4 weeks by gavage as well as the same amount of food consumed by the PCG in the previous day; and the experimental ad libitum group (EAG) received the same dose of the supplement along with food ad libitum. Samples included the digastric and masseter muscles for the histoenzymological analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis with a significance level of P < 0.05. Use of HMB caused a decrease in the percentage of fast twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers and an increase in fast twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibers in males in both experimental groups (EG and EAG). However, it produced no increase in the muscle fiber area, in either gender, in the masseter muscle. In the digastric muscle, the HMB did not change the frequency or the area of any muscle fiber types in either gender. Our data suggest that the use of HMB caused small changes in the enzymological profile of fibers of the mastication muscles; the changes were different in the elevator and depressor muscles of the jaw and the results were different depending on gender.
Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in acute pancreatitis of dogs
Authors: Tvarijonaviciute A. , García‐Martínez J. D. , Caldin M. , Martínez‐Subiela S. , Tecles F. , Pastor J. , Ceron J. J. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVESSerum paraoxonase 1 is considered a marker of inflammation and oxidative damage. The aims of this study were to evaluate changes in serum paraoxonase 1 activity in dogs with acute pancreatitis, to correlate serum paraoxonase 1 activity and other analytes known to be altered in dogs with pancreatitis and to assess the relationship between serum paraoxonase 1 activity and disease severity in dogs with acute pancreatitis.MATERIALS AND METHODSRetrospective analysis of dogs with acute pancreatitis and healthy dogs in which serum paraoxonase 1 activity was measured were compared.RESULTSMedian serum paraoxonase 1 activity was significantly lower in dogs with pancreatitis (n = 19) compared to healthy ones (n = 19). Serum paraoxonase 1 activity was negatively correlated with serum lipase and amylase activities, and C‐reactive protein and haptoglobin concentrations and was positively correlated with total cholesterol and glucose concentration. Disease severity was negatively correlated with serum paraoxonase 1 activity and positively correlated with triglyceride and C‐reactive protein concentration.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESerum paraoxonase 1 activity is lower in dogs with acute pancreatitis and together with triglyceride and C‐reactive protein concentrations is a potential marker of disease severity.
Contribution of genetics to ecological restoration
Authors: Mijangos Jose Luis , Pacioni Carlo , Spencer Peter B. S. , Craig Michael D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEcological restoration of degraded ecosystems has emerged as a critical tool in the fight to reverse and ameliorate the current loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Approaches derived from different genetic disciplines are extending the theoretical and applied frameworks on which ecological restoration is based. We performed a search of scientific articles and identified 160 articles that employed a genetic approach within a restoration context to shed light on the links between genetics and restoration. These articles were then classified on whether they examined association between genetics and fitness or the application of genetics in demographic studies, and on the way the studies informed restoration practice. Although genetic research in restoration is rapidly growing, we found that studies could make better use of the extensive toolbox developed by applied fields in genetics. Overall, 41% of reviewed studies used genetic information to evaluate or monitor restoration, and 59% provided genetic information to guide prerestoration decision‐making processes. Reviewed studies suggest that restoration practitioners often overlook the importance of including genetic aspects within their restoration goals. Even though there is a genetic basis influencing the provision of ecosystem services, few studies explored this relationship. We provide a view of research gaps, future directions and challenges in the genetics of restoration.
How Fat‐Tailed is US Output Growth?
Authors: Franke Reiner 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeveral studies have recently rejected the common hypothesis that aggregate output is normally distributed. The present paper reconsiders this issue for US output growth. To this end, it focusses on the shape parameter b of the exponential power distribution (EPD), the two polar values of which constitute the normal distribution and the Laplace distribution with its fatter tails, respectively. The paper first warns against premature conclusions that neglect a structural break in output volatility. On the basis of a battery of Monte Carlo experiments, it is then found out that the results strongly depend on which subperiod is considered, the Great Inflation (GI) or the Great Moderation (GM) period, and which data are referred to, the growth rates of GDP, firm sector output, and quarterly or monthly industrial production (IP). Here, only quarterly IP can be said to exhibit fat tails in GI as well as GM; other evidence is mixed.
Exaggerated smooth muscle contraction segments on esophageal high‐resolution manometry: prevalence and clinical relevance
Authors: Mello M. D. , Duraiswamy S. , Price L. H. , Li Y. , Patel A. , Gyawali C. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundTwo smooth muscle contraction segments (S2, S3) on esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM) demonstrate varying contraction vigor in symptomatic patients. Significance of isolated exaggerated smooth muscle contraction remains unclear.MethodsHigh‐resolution manometry studies were reviewed in 272 consecutive patients (56.4 ± 0.8 years, 62% F) and compared to 21 healthy controls (27.6 ± 0.6 years, 52% F), using HRM tools (distal contractile integral, DCI; distal latency, DL; integrated relaxation pressure, IRP), Chicago Classification (CC) and multiple rapid swallows (MRS). Segments were designated merged when the trough between S2 and S3 was ≥150 mmHg, and exaggerated S3 when peak S3 amplitude was ≥150 mmHg without merging with S2. Presenting symptoms and global symptom severity (on 100 mm visual analog scale) were recorded. Prevalence of merged and exaggerated segments was determined, and characteristics compared to symptomatic patients with normal HRM, and to healthy controls.Key ResultsMerged segments were identified in 5.6%, and exaggerated S3 in another 12.5%, but only 17–50% had a CC diagnosis; one healthy control had merged segments. DCI with wet swallows was similar in cohorts with merged and exaggerated segments (p = 0.7), significantly higher than symptomatic patients with normal HRM and healthy controls (p ≤ 0.003 for each comparison). Incomplete inhibition and prominent DCI augmentation on MRS (p ≤ 0.01), and presenting symptoms (chest pain and dysphagia, p = 0.04) characterized exaggerated segments, but not demographics or symptom burden.Conclusions & InferencesMerged esophageal smooth muscle segments and exaggerated S3 may represent hypermotility phenomena from abnormal inhibition and/or excitation, and are not uniformly identified by the CC algorithm.
Gender specific effects of neonatal limited nesting on viscerosomatic sensitivity and anxiety‐like behavior in adult rats
Authors: Prusator D. K. , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundEvidence exists to suggest that early life stress (ELS), such as neglect or abuse has profound effects on the developing brain. The current study tests the hypothesis that ELS in the form of neonatal limited nesting (LN) may serve as a predisposing factor for the development of altered nociceptive processing and comorbid increases in anxiety‐like behavior in adulthood.MethodsBoth male and female neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to LN from postnatal day (PND) 2‐9, while a control group was exposed to standard cage bedding. In adulthood, visceral sensitivity was assessed by quantifying a visceromotor behavioral response to graded isobaric pressures of colorectal distension. Hindpaw withdrawal thresholds in response to von Frey filaments were used to measure somatic sensitivity. Anxiety‐like behavior was assessed in adult life using both the elevated plus maze and open field assay.Key ResultsEarly life stress in the form of neonatal LN induced visceral and somatic hypersensitivity in adult male rats and augmented anxiety‐like behavior. However, in adult cycling females, neonatal LN did not alter nociceptive processing or lead to changes in the levels of anxiety‐like behavior.Conclusions & InferencesOur findings suggest that in male rats the LN model is a novel tool to investigate the long‐term consequences of adverse early life experience on adult health.