bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Value at Risk Measurement on Emerging Stock Markets: Case of Montenegro
Authors: Cerović Julija , Lipovina-Božović Milena , Vujošević Saša 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: The concept of value at risk gives estimation of the maximum loss of financial position at a given time for a given probability. The motivation for this analysis lies in the desire to devote necessary attention to risks in Montenegro, and to approach to quantifying and managing risk more thoroughly. Objectives: This paper considers adequacy of the most recent approaches for quantifying market risk, especially of methods that are in the basis of extreme value theory, in Montenegrin emerging market before and during the global financial crisis. In particular, the purpose of the paper is to investigate whether extreme value theory outperforms econometric and quantile evaluation of VaR in emerging stock markets such as Montenegrin market. Methods/Approach: Daily return of Montenegrin stock market index MONEX20 is analyzed for the period January, 2004 - February, 2014. Value at Risk results based on GARCH models, quantile estimation and extreme value theory are compared. Results: Results of the empirical analysis show that the assessments of Value at Risk based on extreme value theory outperform econometric and quantile evaluations. Conclusions: It is obvious that econometric evaluations (ARMA(2,0)- GARCH(1,1) and RiskMetrics) proved to be on the lower bound of possible Value at Risk movements. Risk estimation on emerging markets can be focused on methodology using extreme value theory that is more sophisticated as it has been proven to be the most cautious model when dealing with turbulent times and financial turmoil.
The Impact of the Great Recession on Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Developed Market Economies
Authors: Šehović Damir 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: With the occurrence of the crisis in 2007, which caused the largest economic contraction since the Great Depression in the thirties, it has become evident that the previous understanding of strategies, effects and roles of monetary and fiscal policy should be redefined. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to illustrate a possible expected change in monetary and fiscal policy in developed market economies that could occur as a consequence of the Great Recession. Methods/Approach: The paper provides a comparative analysis of various primary economic variables related to the developed OECD countries, as well as the empirical testing of the selected theoretical assumptions. Results: The changes in monetary policy refer to the question of raising target inflation, considering a possible use of aggregate price level targeting and paying attention to the role of central banks in suppressing the formation of an asset bubble. The success of fiscal policy in attaining stabilization depends on the size of possible fiscal measures and creation of automatic stabilizers. Conclusions: For the most part, monetary and fiscal policies will still stay unchanged, although some segments of these policies need to be improved.
Acquiring topic structures in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Liu Feng-hsi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Previous studies suggest that Chinese topic structures, especially base-generated structures, are difficult for L1 English L2 Chinese learners, and only at the very advanced stage do learners perform at the target-like level. Yuan (1995) hypothesizes that non-advanced L2 learners may have difficulty adding a topic node to the subject-predicate structure and that they tend to interpret the topic as the subject. The present study tests this hypothesis and seeks to find out if structure building is accessible to L2 learners before they reach an advanced stage. A grammatical judgment experiment was conducted on several types of topic structures. Results show that lower-level subjects behaved on a par with native speakers on certain types of topic structures. This result suggests that L2 learners are able to build new structures at an early stage.
Abstracts of the English papers in Chinese
Authors: Liu Feng-hsi 
Published: May 2015

Acquiring Topic Structures in Mandarin Chinese前人认为汉语的主题结构，尤其是未经过移位产生的基本式结构，对以英语为母语的汉语学习者构成极大困难，只有当学习者达到最高水平时才能掌握。袁（1995）提出假设认为汉语学习者在初，中阶段可能无法在结构上加上主题节点，因此倾向于将句子主题分析为主语。本文针对此一假设进行测试，查看初，中阶汉语学习者是否有能力在主谓结构上加建主题节点。学习者对不同的主题结构进行合法度判断，结果显示对于某些主题结构初阶者的判断和母语为汉语者的判断并无不同。此一结果表示汉语学习者在初阶即有能力在主谓结构上加建结构。
“一 X 就 Y” 格式的句法语义界面
Authors: 晓凌 王 
Published: May 2015

提要
本文探析汉语的 “一X 就 Y” 格式的下位类型区分，分别对其中小类的格式意义作了描写，它们不同的格式意义一方面源自 “一” 与 “就” 的原始意义，另一方面是句法环境作用的结果，格式意义形成以后会影响所组成词汇意义的选择。从类型学的角度看，“一X 就 Y” 格式从时间关系发展为条件关系的动因是句内语义环境从现实转为非现实，它表达规律性语义的句法条件主要有不能带已然标记、以类名词作主语、以时段表示事件时间以及添加条件句标记、认识情态标记和频率标记等，这一格式句法和语义的衔接界面，可构拟一个操作性极强的语义生成流程。
香港南亚少数族裔小学生的汉语阅读和朗读
Authors: Chou Priscilla 
Published: May 2015

提要
南亚裔人士移居香港主要缘于英国的百年贸易和殖民地统治。面对南亚裔人口的急剧增加，但南亚裔学生却因汉语能力欠佳而较难升读大学，南亚裔学生的汉语教学遂成为香港当今最重要的教育议题之一 。近年不少学者已明确指出，南亚裔中学生的汉语学习困难以 “写” 为最，“读”次之。但有关香港的南亚裔小学生的汉语学习困难仍然没有定论。本文通过测试、访谈、观课，比较 4 个地区 5 所学校 32 位香港南亚裔小三学生在写作和阅读方面的表现，又透过访谈、观课考查 10 位研究对象的汉语朗读问题。结果发现对于已掌握一定写字能力的学生而言，在阅读方面较写作有更大的 “隐忧”，而朗读由于不是 “听、说、读、写”的日常考试范围，在小学阶段没有“朗读”考试，所以更容易被忽略。文章最后提出一些改善南亚裔学生阅读和朗读表现的建议方法，希望能有效提升第二语言教师对学生这两方面“潜伏”困难的注意力，解决学生在阅读和朗读方面遇上的学习困难。
Quantity quotient reporting. Comparison of various models
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Wosniok Werner , Postma Theo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuantity quotient (QQ) reporting has been proposed by several authors to improve or support the present situation of presenting quantitative laboratory results. This proposal is based on a concept (symmetrical model) known from the intelligence quotient, which was developed to make intelligence tests comparable. In laboratory medicine, however, most measurands follow a non-symmetrical (skewed) distribution, leading to a compression of the QQ values at the lower end of the reference interval. This effect can be avoided by several alternatives. Three models considering non-symmetrical distributions are compared with the symmetrical model in the present study. The corresponding algorithms can be easily handled on the Excel platform. Graphical presentation of the QQ allows a quick overview of test results if they occur in a large number.
Possible role of fructosamine 3-kinase genotyping for the management of diabetic patients
Authors: Avemaria Francesca , Carrera Paola , Lapolla Annunziata , Sartore Giovanni , Chilelli Nino Cristiano , Paleari Renata , Ambrosi Alessandro , Ferrari Maurizio , Mosca Andrea 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a global pandemic and continues to increase in numbers and significance. Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of such disease and these mechanisms could be influenced by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Non-enzymatic glycation reactions of proteins have been strongly related to pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. The identification of fructosamine 3-kinase (FN3K), an enzyme involved in protein deglycation, a new form of protein repair, is of great interest. FN3K phosphorylates fructosamines on the third carbon of their sugar moiety, making them unstable and causing them to detach from proteins, suggesting a protective role of this enzyme. Moreover, the variability in FN3K activity has been associated with some polymorphisms in the
Neurotrophine-3 may contribute to neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the activation of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway
Authors: Li Lei , Li Yunpeng , Jiang Hongkun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigated whether neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) can promote differentiation of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neurons via the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. MSCs were prepared from rat bone marrow and either transfected with pIRES2-EGFP or pIRES2-EGFP-NT-3 or treated with bone morphogenetic protein 4. The pIRES2-EGFP-NT-3-transfected MSCs further underwent noggin treatment or siRNA-mediated knockout of the TrkC gene or were left untreated. Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the transcription and expression of neural-specific genes and BMP-Smad signaling. MSCs were efficiently transduced by the NT-3 gene via pIRES2-EGFP vectors. pIRES2- EGFP-NT-3 could initiate the transcription and expression of neural-specific genes, including nestin, NSE and MAP-2, and stimulate BMP-Smad signaling. The transcription and expression of neural-specific genes and BMP-Smad signaling were significantly suppressed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of the TrkC gene of MSCs. These findings suggest that the BMP signaling pathway may be a key regulatory point in NT-3-transfected neuronal differentiation of MSCs. The BMP and neurotrophin pathways contribute to a tightly regulated signaling network that directs the precise connections between neuronal differentiation of MSCs and their targets.
Non-Intrusive Historical Assessment of Internet-Facing Services in the Internet of Things
Authors: Genge Béla , Enăchescu Călin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The expansion of Internet has led to a variety of directly accessible devices and services. Nowadays, companies tend to increase the number of Internetfacing services in order to ensure higher visibility, and accessibility towards end-users. Nonetheless, this profound expansion towards an “Internet of Things” brings new opportunities to malicious actors. As a result, novel cyber-physical attacks bring new challenges to systems administrators in order to accommodate traditional user requests with security prerequisites. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel approach for historical Internet connectivity assessment of services. The technique uses the output of the popular Shodan search engine to infer the lifetime of different Internet-facing services. Experimental results conducted on IP address blocks attributed to six different institutions distributed across four sectors (university, telecommunications, banking, and power) show different possible service lifetime patterns.
DATALEAK: Data Leakage Detection System
Authors: Skrop Adrienn 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Data leakage is an uncontrolled or unauthorized transmission of classified information to the outside. It poses a serious problem to companies as the cost of incidents continues to increase. Many software solutions were developed to provide data protection. However, data leakage detection systems cannot provide absolute protection. Thus, it is essential to discover data leakage as soon as possible. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a data leakage detection system based on special information retrieval models and methods. In this paper a semantic informationretrieval based approach and the implemented DATALEAK application is presented.
Development of an Ultrasound Based Tracking System for Indoor Robot Localization
Authors: Nagy Csaba , Biró-Ambrus Zalán , Márton Lőrinc 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper focuses on the hardware development of an indoor ultrasound based robot localization system. The problems related to the ultrasound time of flight measurements are presented and solutions are proposed related to the hardware applied for measurements and measurement synchronization. Experimental measurements were performed to analyze the applicability of the developed system and measurement methods.
The Constructive and Functional Geometry of the Cutter Head of Cylindrical Gears with Curved Toothline
Authors: Máté Márton , Hollanda Dénes , Egyedfaluvégi Erzsébet 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Some cutting tools work in kinematic conditions that differ consistently from the hypothetical conditions admitted in the phase of project. Especially in case of gear cutting the difference between the main cutting velocity vector and total cutting velocity vector can't be neglected. The present paper analyses the constructive and the functional geometry of the milling head's arbitrary cutting edge and emphasizes the dependence of the real cutting geometry of the constructive elements and the kinematic peculiarities of the cutting process, where the relative position of cutting tool and cut gear becomes a severe factor of influence.
Designing Fatigue Experiment for Investigating Polymer Specimens
Authors: Fodor Antal , Boza Pál 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The using of „technical materials” speeded up lately. Because of this, parts are being designed from plastic, which have to sustain extreme stresses. The proper definition of material qualities is expensive; despite in every phase of designing, we need it to be done perfectly. In every industrial section it is important to work with exact material qualities, especially areas where there are strict safety rules (in connection with the lifespan). In this work we will introduce how to design suitable fatigue stress for the plastic samples and how to define the fatigue qualities of the various materials of Rapid Prototyping. This information could be important to change damaged equipments and parts in the military. Due to this, we performed the design of fatigue tests to help the designers elaborate military, safety improvements and proper renewing technologies.
Innovation in retinal diseases – ultra-widefield imaging
Authors: Dolar-Szczasny Joanna , Święch-Zubilewicz Anna , Mackiewicz Jerzy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The understanding of retinal disease has evolved rapidly with a growing number of clinical evidence supplied by ultrawidefield retinal imaging.
Optos 200Tx ultra-widefield retinal imaging system uses a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, as well as an ellipsoid mirror. This creates a possibility of making a virtual focal point inside the eye and, in turn, enables the system to simultaneously make a single capture of the central retina and periphery. This system offers multimodal ultra-widefield imaging, including color photographs, fundus autofluorescence images, red-free images and fluorescein angiography (FA), allowing visualization of the retinal circulation. For color photographs, green and red lasers are used simultaneously to allow visualization of retinal substructures from the sensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid.
In our clinic ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography has became an elegant diagnostic imaging modality that has improved our ability to diagnose and plan treatment strategies.
In the future widefield imaging will probably be coupled with OCT (optical coherence tomography) option to better evaluate retinal pathologies in the periphery.
What’s new about symptomatic reflux disease
Authors: Solecki Michał , Wallner Grzegorz , Masiak Wioletta , Ćwik Grzegorz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
During the last 4 decades reflux disease (GERD) has evolved from being a rare clinical problem to a disease with high incidence. This automatically rises its social costs. First descriptions came from western countries only but nowadays there are many published papers from Asia and Middle East that can be found on the Internet. There is no clear explanation for this fact. Our understanding of GERD has changed over the time. At first GERD, hiatal hernia and oesophagitis were synonyms. Since the 1940s when the first manometrical studies were done it was concerned as lower oesophageal sphincter or peristaltic disfunction. The following years gave a definition of acid-peptic disorder. Nowadays all this concepts are mixed together and we are considering GERD as a heterogeneous clinical problem. In this paper we would like to present up-to-date knowledge about GERD.
Treatment of peritoneal surface neoplasms with intraperitoneal chemotherapy in hyperthermia
Authors: Mielko Jerzy , Ciaseł Bogumila , Skórzewska Magdalena , Sitarz Robert , Kurylcio Andrzej , Polkowski Wojciech P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Effective treatment of peritoneal surface neoplasms is possible through the simultaneous use of cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy in hyperthermia. It is successfully performed in patients with peritoneal pseudomyxoma, mesothelioma, as well as a limited and resectable peritoneal carcinomatosis in the course of colorectal cancer. It can also be used in patients with gastric or ovarian cancer but also metastatic colorectal cancer or metastases to the ovaries from gastric cancer. Aggressive surgical management of patients with primary or secondary neoplasms of the peritoneal surface was initiated by Sugarbaker’s research group.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 in the elderly
Authors: Rymkiewicz Emilia , Rękas-Wójcik Agata , Milaniuk Sylwia , Mosiewicz Barbara , Dzida Grzegorz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The number of patients with type 2 diabetes increases along with civilizational development. Advanced treatment methods applied in diabetology and other branches of medicine increase the number of patients. The aim of this work is to present diagnostic and therapeutic problems in elderly people with diabetes. There isa a number of other diseases coexisting with diabetes. These are: hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity. The risk of diabetes increases with age and it is related to lowered insulin secretion, worsened absorption and insulin resistance. Diabetes symptoms in older patients differ from those of other age groups. An early diagnosis can minimize the risk of any cardiovascular events, ranked as one of the leading causes of death in elderly patients. The choice of treatment should be adjusted to the particular patient’s needs, avoid any sudden modifications of administered drugs and educating the patients. These are the most important elements of the therapy.
Modern methods of treatment of post-traumatic bone defects in Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin
Authors: Nogalski Adam , Jojczuk Mariusz , Lübek Tomasz , Kucmin Tomasz , Grabowski Maciej 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Motor organ injuries are one of the most common consequences of trauma, out of which comminuted fractures with a bone loss are the most challenging. Numerous methods are applied to treat these injuries; however, still in many cases we are unable to suggest successful medical treatment. Therefore, treating these injuries using elastic and surgically handleable bone replacement materials was started at Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine of Medical University of Lublin (provided for the experiments by Medical Inventi Lt). Preliminary assessment based on the results of treatment with bone replacement materials of two patients with comminuted fractures of femur was promising. Bone union was achieved without any adverse effects.
Decannulation of critically ill patients after long-term mechanical ventilation – predictors from clinical routine data
Authors: Heidler Maria-Dorothea , Salzwedel Annett , Liero Hannelore , Jöbges Michael , Völler Heinz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Variables predicting successful decannulation from a tracheotomy tube after long-term mechanical ventilation remain obscure.
Material and methods: To identify such predictors, data from 150 consecutive critically ill patients with a tracheotomy for the purpose of mechanical ventilation were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 150 tracheotomized patients who were admitted to a rehabilitation center, 103 were successfully decannulated. Items concerning socio-demographic data, indication for mechanical ventilation (neurologic, cardiologic, respiratory or gastro-intestinal disease), comorbidities, tracheotomy technique (dilatational vs. surgical), duration of mechanical ventilation, complications during weaning from tracheotomy tube, and also care dependency, alertness and the degree of aspiration at admission to the rehabilitation clinic were tested using a multiple logistic regression model.
Results: A successful decannulation was associated with no complications during decannulation procedure (OR 0.175, 95% CI; p=0.002), high alertness at the beginning of rehabilitation (OR 1.079, 95% CI; p=0.014), female gender (OR 0.338, 95% CI; p=0.031), a low number of comorbidities (OR 0.737, 95% CI; p=0.043), and dilatational tracheotomy (OR 2.375, 95% CI; p=0.054).
Conclusions: The identified predictor variables can be collected easily in the clinical routine. Except for complications during decannulation procedure all predictors can be assessed at admission with the result that a prediction of decannulation success is possible very early in clinical course.
Efficiency of inclusive physical education lessons for schoolchildren with minor deviations in health
Authors: Ivanna Bodnar , Eugene Prystupa 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Some contradictory data regarding the effects of inclusive physical education were revealed. The purpose of the research is to determine the efficiency of inclusive physical education for schoolchildren of I-III health groups of middle school age on the base of indices of complaints connected with health conditions, mental development, and physical activity.
Material and methods: theoretical knowledge, sociological, educational, psycho diagnostics (degree of anxiety by Spielberger - Hanin, HAM: health, activity, mood) auto timing of motor activity (the Framingham method). The experimental group consisted of schoolchildren who were studying at secondary schools in inclusive terms - in these schools physical culture lessons for schoolchildren of I-III health groups were held both for practically healthy children and children with minor deviations in health status (with differentiation of tasks depending on the needs and capabilities of each child). The control group consisted of schoolchildren from the schools where the physical education lessons were conducted separately (segregatively) for schoolchildren of base, preparatory, and special medical groups. The study involved 1414 pupils of secondary school age (5-9 grades). The experimental group consisted of 694 individuals (320 girls and 374 boys) - the control one - 720 individuals (332 girls and 388 boys).
Results: The trend toward the decreasing of the number of schoolchildren complaining of health condition with years of training in the experimental group confirmed the higher efficiency of inclusive physical education. Inclusive physical training lessons are less psychologically traumatic than segregative ones because schoolchildren from different medical groups in such terms suffer from the high level of anxiety less; low, often subjective, self-estimation, well-being, activity and mood are significantly higher. Positive changes in mental health are observed in the most tangible inclusive environment among schoolchildren with health deviations. Intensive everyday household physical activity and sports confirm the benefits of inclusive physical education.
Conclusions: A high efficiency inclusive physical education student of I-III health groups was proved.