bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early onset absence epilepsy with onset in the first year of life: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Giordano Lucio , Vignoli Aglaia , Cusmai Raffaella , Parisi Pasquale , Mastrangelo Massimo , Coppola Giangennaro , Cordelli Duccio Maria , Accorsi Patrizia , Milito Giuseppe , Darra Francesca , Pruna Dario , Belcastro Vincenzo , Verrotti Alberto , Striano Pasquale 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPurposeAbsence epilepsy with onset before age 4 years, or early onset absence epilepsy (EOAE), has been rarely reported, and children with onset in the first year of life are considered almost exceptional. We aimed to report the clinical and electrophysiologic features of a cohort of children with absence epilepsy starting within the first year of life.MethodsThis was a multicenter study including patients with absence epilepsy starting within the first year of life and identified over a 20‐year period (1991–2011).Key FindingsWe identified 16 patients with absence epilepsy starting within the first year of life with a mean follow‐up of 6.4 years. Mean age at seizure onset was 10.3 ± (standard deviation)1.4 months (range 8–12). Two patients experienced rare tonic–clonic seizures that started later than the absences. None of the subjects had episodes of absence status epilepticus. Eleven subjects were seizure‐free with the first antiepileptic drug. In eight children, therapy was withdrawn after a mean 3.2 years of treatment. None evolved into a different form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.SLC2A1gene analysis in 12 children (75%) failed to reveal glucose transporter 1 deficiency.SignificanceEOAE, including patients with onset within the first year of life, should be no more considered a distinct idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) syndrome, as it shows electroclinical features, response to therapy, and prognosis similar to childhood absence epilepsy. Moreover, early age of onset is not predictive ofGLUT‐1 deficiency and genetic analysis may be therefore avoided in patients meeting strict inclusion criteria.
Epilepsy surgery in children: Evaluation of seizure outcome and predictive elements
Authors: Teutonico Federica , Mai Roberto , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Francione Stefano , Tassi Laura , Borrelli Paola , Balottin Umberto , LoRusso Giorgio 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPurposeTo analyze the clinical outcome of epilepsy surgery in children, and to identify the factors related with a favorable seizure control among several presurgical, surgical and postsurgical variables.MethodsOne‐hundred twenty children, younger than 16 years (69 male and 51 female), operated on for medically refractory focal epilepsy at the “C.Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center of the Niguarda Hospital in Milan from 1998 to 2009, were identified. Seizure outcome was assessed according to the Engel's classification.Statistical analysis was performed to identify predictive elements of seizure outcome among several presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical variables.Key findingsThere were 84 (70%) seizure‐free patients (Engel's classes Ia and Ic), 93 (77.5%) in class I, 8 (6.7%) in class II, 9 in class III (7.5%), and 10 (8.3%) in class IV.SignificanceOur study confirms that epilepsy surgery is an established and effective treatment for partial epilepsy in children and suggest criteria to help identify early potential surgical candidates.
Long‐term evolution of neuropsychological competences in encephalopathy with status epilepticus during sleep: A variable prognosis
Authors: Pera Maria C. , Brazzo Daniela , Altieri Nausicaa , Balottin Umberto , Veggiotti Pierangelo 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term cognitive outcome in children with continuous spikes and waves during slow wave sleep (CSWSsyndrome).MethodsWe reviewed the neuropsychological tests of 25 children diagnosed withCSWSbetween 1987 and 2010 and with a mean follow‐up of 13.5 years.Key FindingsCognitive performances worsened duringCSWSin virtually all patients. Seven patients (28%) with nonlesional epilepsy had a positive outcome; three patients (12%) showed persistence of motor deficit without involvement of cognitive functions; and seven patients (28%) who presented a long duration ofCSWS(mean = 28.1 months) had a negative cognitive outcome. In 6 patients (24%) with structural or metabolic disorders beforeCSWSonset cognitive outcomes did not change; 2 patients (8%) had a negative outcome irrespective of the duration or presence of other neurologic disorders beforeCSWSonset. Forty‐four percent of children withCSWSdemonstrated permanent cognitive impairment.SignificanceThe long‐term outcome ofCSWSsyndrome is variable and seems to depend on treatment response, disease duration, and underlying etiology.
Performance and quality of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and mixtures of both species grown with or without white clover (Trifolium repens L.) under cutting management
Authors: Cougnon M. , Baert J. , Van Waes C. , Reheul D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThere is increasing interest in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in Western Europe and elsewhere, mainly because of its better drought resistance and yield potential compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Important drawbacks of tall fescue, compared with perennial ryegrass, are its lower digestibility and voluntary intake. Mixtures of both species might combine the advantages of each, and species interactions may eventually lead to transgressive overyielding. We compared the agronomic performance of tall fescue, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue–perennial ryegrass mixtures, as pure‐grass swards or in association with white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Tall fescue–perennial ryegrass mixtures differed in the proportion and ploidy of the perennial ryegrass component. Yield, feed quality and botanical composition were measured in the 3 years after the sowing year. We found significant effects of ploidy of the ryegrass variety and of the proportion of ryegrass in the initial seed mixture on the botanical composition of the swards. Nevertheless, all swards were dominated by tall fescue at the end of the experiment. No overyielding of the mixtures compared with that of single‐species swards was found, but feed quality was intermediate between that of the single‐species swards. Mixed swards had better drought resistance than L. perenne and higher feeding quality than F. arundinacea swards.
Knowing Nature Through History
Authors: Piper Liza 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis essay surveys the past 20 years of Canadian environmental historiography in order to understand how scholars in this field have conceptualized and applied nature to the study of the past. The essay argues that Canadian environmental historians, even as they foreground nature as an historical actor, nevertheless continue to focus their attention and orient their investigations around questions of how human social, cultural, economic, and political power reshaped both nature and human experience in the past. This emphasis is not interpreted as fundamentally problematic. However, the author maintains that it is important for environmental historians to recognize that their practices diverge from their prescriptions in this regard and that practitioners should continue to push toward new ways of incorporating nature into Canadian historiography.
The Great Jugular Vein of Slavery: New Histories of the Domestic Slave Trade
Authors: Bell Richard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article offers a critical analysis of the historiography of the domestic slave trade in the 19th‐century United States. Surveying a boom in scholarship on the subject over the past 25 years, it examines the political and intellectual currents that have shaped the study of the internal traffic in commodified human flesh and explains this sub‐field's debts to ethnography, cliometrics, and Civil‐Rights‐era social history. It reviews claims regarding the economic impact, social significance, and cultural resonance of the two million slave sales that took place in the United States between the American Revolution and the Civil War and arbitrates recent disputes as to the trade's relationship to slave breeding, the integrity of the Black family, paternalist ideology, and the coming of the Civil War. This brief essay concludes with an assessment of critical needs for future scholarship.Video abstract (click to view)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsUNai4QXTsVideo abstract (click to view)
Gratian'sDecretumand the Changing Historiographical Landscape
Authors: Eichbauer Melodie H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGratian'sConcordia discordantium canonum(i.e.,Decretum) organized the canonical tradition into a comprehensive survey and laid a new foundation for canon law. Scholarship on theDecretumin the decades preceding the late 1990s focused on the later additions to theDecretum. The importance of which suggested that theDecretumwas not compiled in one fell swoop, but rather experienced some sort of development. Since the late 1990s, scholars have made tremendous advances in our understanding of theDecretum. This essay centers on the controversial debate regarding the number of recensions (i.e., versions) in which the work circulated. This debate has changed how scholars understand the dating of the work and Gratian's use of Roman law, all of which shape our understanding of theDecretum'spurpose.
Low concordance of biomarkers in histopathological and cytological material from breast cancer
Authors: Stålhammar Gustav , Rosin Gustaf , Fredriksson Irma , Bergh Jonas , Hartman Johan 
Published: December 2013

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate in primary breast cancer the congruency of routine clinical predictive biomarker evaluations, including ER, PR and Ki67, obtained using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Methods and resultsClinicopathological data were collected on all women diagnosed with primary breast cancer at Karolinska University Hospital in 2011. A total of 346 patients were included in a retrospective paired comparison of predictive biomarker evaluations on direct smear ICC and IHC. This showed a low congruency between findings with the two methods, especially evident for Ki67 (κ = 0.35–0.42). By suggested adjustments to ICC cut‐offs, we managed to improve the inter‐rater agreement of Ki67 classification slightly to κ = 0.46.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that routine clinical ICC and IHC evaluations of predictive biomarkers produce discordant results. Consequently, basing therapeutic decisions on cytology with cut‐offs defined for IHC induces a risk that patients will receive suboptimal therapy. However, our analysis shows that local adjustments to biomarker cut‐off levels may improve congruency and increase the probability of correct classifications.
ANIMALS AND THE INTIMACY OF HISTORY
Authors: WALKER BRETT L. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis article surveys recent historical writings on animals. Its principal concerns are the manner in which historians grant agency to animals and how that agency functions in historical narration. The article examines the histories of animals in Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and North America in order to tease out the similarities and differences of human experiences with other animals. The foundational premise of the article is that humans are animals, sometimes even a meaty prey species, and that, as such, they are not external to nature or, ultimately, different from other animals in this regard. Humans can have violently intimate relationships with other creatures, an intimacy that defines much of global human history. Animals permeate our history and we theirs: tug at the threads and our stories, woven as they are into the same tightly knit tapestry, will not disentwine. The debate regarding whether humans are anomalous and outside nature or separate from other animals is complicated when the stomach enzymes from an animal, whether wolf or crocodile, digest a human being. Therefore, the cultural‐constructionist arguments regarding “the animal”—that our understanding of nonhuman animals is entirely culturally generated—need to be viewed as overly simplistic. My contention is that our reluctance to join the rest of the animal kingdom on its terms, on more natural terms, exposes a lingering devotion to human “exceptionalism,” one that is inherent in the humanities and social sciences.
Regulation of T‐lymphocyte motility, adhesion and de‐adhesion by a cell surface mechanism directed by low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 and endogenous thrombospondin‐1
Authors: Talme Toomas , Bergdahl Eva , Sundqvist Karl‐Gösta 
Published: December 2013

SummaryT lymphocytes are highly motile and constantly reposition themselves between a free‐floating vascular state, transient adhesion and migration in tissues. The regulation behind this unique dynamic behaviour remains unclear. Here we show that T cells have a cell surface mechanism for integrated regulation of motility and adhesion and that integrin ligands and CXCL12/SDF‐1 influence motility and adhesion through this mechanism. Targeting cell surface‐expressed low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) with an antibody, or blocking transport of LRP1 to the cell surface, perturbed the cell surface distribution of endogenous thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) while inhibiting motility and potentiating cytoplasmic spreading on intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and fibronectin. Integrin ligands and CXCL12 stimulated motility and enhanced cell surface expression of LRP1, intact TSP‐1 and a 130 000 MW TSP‐1 fragment while preventing formation of a de‐adhesion‐coupled 110 000 MW TSP‐1 fragment. The appearance of the 130 000 MW TSP‐1 fragment was inhibited by the antibody that targeted LRP1 expression, inhibited motility and enhanced spreading. The TSP‐1 binding site in the LRP1‐associated protein, calreticulin, stimulated adhesion to ICAM‐1 through intact TSP‐1 and CD47. Shear flow enhanced cell surface expression of intact TSP‐1. Hence, chemokines and integrin ligands up‐regulate a dominant motogenic pathway through LRP1 and TSP‐1 cleavage and activate an associated adhesion pathway through the LRP1–calreticulin complex, intact TSP‐1 and CD47. This regulation of T‐cell motility and adhesion makes pro‐adhesive stimuli favour motile responses, which may explain why T cells prioritize movement before permanent adhesion.
Role of Arrhythmogenic Superior Vena Cava on Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE , TAKIGAWA MASATERU , KUSA SHIGEKI , KUWAHARA TAISHI , TANIGUCHI HIROSHI , OKUBO KENJI , NAKAMURA HIROAKI , HACHIYA HITOSHI , HIRAO KENZO , TAKAHASHI ATSUSHI , IESAKA YOSHITO 
Published: December 2013

Arrhythmogenic SVC and AFBackgroundIt is well known that superior vena cava (SVC) is one of the important non‐pulmonary vein (PV) foci of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known regarding the role of arrhythmogenic SVC in AF.Methods and ResultsAmong 1,425 patients who underwent AF ablation in 2 centers, PV antrum isolation was performed in all and SVC isolation was added in 74 (5.2%) patients with arrhythmogenic SVC (58 ± 10 years; 54 males) when the latter was identified as an AF source. The arrhythmogenicity was identified at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd procedures in 62 (83.8%), 7 (9.5%), and 5 (6.7%) patients, respectively. In 7 (9.5%), 26 (35.1%), and 14 (18.9%) patients, it was identified following adenosine injection, isoproterenol infusion, and electrical cardioversion, respectively. SVC triggering AF was identified in 58 out of 74 (78.4%) patients. In this subset, AF initiated from SVC; however, AF cycle length was longer in SVC than in the right atrium once AF persisted, which suggested its role as an initiator. In 24 (32.4%) patients following the isolation of SVC, AF terminated or converted to atrial flutter and/or confined SVC tachycardia/fibrillation was observed, which suggested its role as a perpetuator. Sixty‐four (86.5%) of 74 patients were free from any atrial tachyarrhythmias without antiarrhythmic drugs mean 12.1 ± 9.4 months after the last ablation procedure (mean 1.38 procedures/patient).ConclusionsIn a subset of patients, SVC plays a role in AF not only as an initiator/trigger but also as a driver/perpetuator.
The common property issue in flood control through land use in France
Authors: Barraqué B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThrough the example of French flood‐control policy, this paper illustrates the general change taking place in the relation of societies and governments to risk. Former policies based on structural measures to reduce the alea were found excessively expensive, but liberal approaches based on insurance mechanisms were not suited to face extreme events. Better solutions depend on the re‐appraisal of water as a common property and the design of corresponding institutions. In France, these could have been the agences de l'eau, which are now in charge of implementing the Water Framework Directive. But back in 1966, central government refused to involve them in flood control, keeping the latter in its own realm. After 1983, successive Governments preferred to develop cat'nat’, a solidarity scheme based on taxes added on insurance premiums, and on local risk protection plans (PPR‐i) constraining land use rights. This system's benefits and shortcomings are discussed, including the discrepancies between national post‐disaster solidarity and local pre‐disaster vulnerability reduction; it lastly shows recent evolutions towards catchment‐based approaches in complex multi‐level governance, in which the hydrographic district level, adopted to synthesise the flood risk management plans (FRMPs), is supplemented by catchment programmes on flood risks called PAPI. Implementing the FRMPs in France illustrates the need for economic incentives and common‐pool institutions in multi‐level governance.
Effectiveness of problem‐solving technique in caring for family caregivers: a clinical trial study in an urban area of Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Ferré‐Grau Carme , Sevilla‐Casado Maria , Lleixá‐Fortuño Mar , Aparicio‐Casals María Rosa , Cid‐Buera Dolors , Rodero‐Sanchez Virtudes , Vives‐Relats Carme 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the problem‐solving technique in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among primary caregivers and to describe and evaluate the process carried out by nurses to find strengths and areas of improvement.BackgroundIn Spain, home care for the chronically ill patients and their family caregivers should be a priority in health and social policies due to the increase in ageing population and the progressive increase in dependent individuals. One of the areas involved is home‐based nursing and counselling for family caregivers.DesignThis is a clinical trial study (during 2007–2011) with a mixed analysis methodology.MethodsQuantitative analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the problem‐solving technique in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. The clinical trial involved a control and experimental group and pre–post intervention measurements, using the Goldberg Scale. The practical application of the technique was evaluated by qualitative analysis.ResultsThere was a statistically significant improvement in symptoms of anxiety and depression in the intervention group after application of the technique. Positive aspects and resistance factors in its implementation were noted.ConclusionsThe problem‐solving technique is a cost‐effective intervention for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in family caregivers of the chronically ill patients. Positive aspects of the technique were satisfaction of the caregiver and nurse, and work done together based on reflection. Resistance factors identified were difficulty in maintaining written records and subjective perception of a lack of time in everyday practice for its consistent application.Relevance to clinical practiceThe problem‐solving technique is an important tool to reduce the suffering of family caregivers of chronically ill patients and a prevention element of family claudication.
Carotid artery remodelling in relation to body fat distribution, inflammation and sustained weight loss in obesity
Authors: Kardassis D. , Schönander M. , Sjöström L. , Karason K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundObesity is known to be associated with carotid artery remodelling, but less is known about how body fat distribution, inflammation and weight loss may affect this relation.MethodsUltrasonography, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and computed tomography were performed to evaluate carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT), body composition and fat distribution, respectively. Participants were divided into three matched study groups (n = 44 per group): obese patients with sustained weight loss 10 years after bariatric surgery [surgery group, body mass index (BMI) 31.5 kg m−2]; obese patients who maintained stable weight during the same time period (obese group, BMI 42.5 kg m−2); and normal weight subjects (lean group, BMI 24.4 kg m−2).ResultsPatients in the surgery group, compared with those in the obese group, had slightly lower common carotid artery (CCA) IMT (0.75 ± 0.18 vs. 0.78 ± 0.17 mm) and common carotid bulb (CCB) IMT (0.92 ± 0.32 vs. 0.97 ± 0.32 mm); however, these differences were not statistically significant. Lean individuals, compared with those in the surgery group, had significantly lower CCA and CCB IMT values (P < 0.001). In forward stepwise multiple regression analyses including all subjects (n = 132), CCA IMT was predicted mainly by visceral adipose tissue, but was also related to blood pressure and levels of triglycerides and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Carotid lumen diameter was primarily influenced by lean body mass.ConclusionVisceral adiposity was the main determinant of premature carotid artery atherosclerosis, possibly through elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia and inflammation. Lean body mass predicted carotid artery lumen diameter. Obese patients with long‐term sustained weight loss did not have thinner carotid artery walls compared with their weight‐stable obese counterparts.
Mechanisms underlying flower color variation in Asian species ofMeconopsis: A preliminary phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast DNA and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes
Authors: ZHAO Chao , WANG Xiao‐Quan , YANG Fu‐Sheng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) harbors the highest species diversity of alpine plants in the world, with a spectacular diversity of flower colors. Among these QTP plants, the genusMeconopsiscomprises more than 50 species, for which flower color is a key diagnostic character. However, the mechanisms underlying flower color variation have rarely been investigated. In the present study, we used three chloroplast (cp) DNA fragments and two anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (F3HandF3′H) for phylogenetic reconstruction ofMeconopsis. We revealed the presence of three well‐supported clades and/or subclades in the cpDNA and nuclear gene trees; further, flower color transition occurred in each lineage. The results of selection tests and preliminary expression analyses of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes indicate that the pigment pathway leading to cyanidin is active in blue and red flowers ofMeconopsis; further, a blue–red color shift is not attributable to an on/off switching of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP) branches. Together with the results of previous flower pigment analyses, our findings suggest that blue–red flower color transitions inMeconopsisare attributable to modification of cyanidin. Our molecular dating results indicate that the lineage diversification inMeconopsisis closely related to the QTP uplift; thus, it is likely that environmental changes arising from the QTP uplift have played important roles in driving the diversification of flavonoids, through which species ofMeconopsishave adapted physiologically to diverse habitats.