bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020
Authors: Abboud Yazan , Malhotra Raj , Maan Muhammad Hassaan Arif , Mathew Anna , Abboud Ibrahim , Pan Chun-Wei , Alsakarneh Saqr , Jaber Fouad , Mohamed Islam , Kim David , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos T 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
While prior data showed an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States, there are limited comprehensive and comparative data on the geographical variations of HCC trends in different demographic-specific populations.
AIM
To evaluate sex and age-specific incidence rates and time trends in different geographical regions in the United States.
METHODS
Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates were collected from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database which covers approximately 98% of the population in the United States. HCC rates were stratified by sex, age, and geographical region. annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) were estimated using Joinpoint Regression. A pairwise comparison was conducted between sex-specific trends.
RESULTS
There were 467344 patients diagnosed with HCC in the United States in the USCS database between 2001 and 2020. The rates and trends varied by geographical region. When looking at the West region (115336 patients), incidence rates of HCC were overall increasing and also increasing in older adults. However, when evaluating younger adults, HCC incidence rates decreased in men but not in women with a sex-specific absolute AAPC-difference of 2.15 (P = 0.005). When evaluating the Midwest region (84612 patients), similar results were seen. While incidence rates were increasing in the overall population and in older adults as well, they were decreasing in younger men but not in women with a sex-specific absolute AAPC-difference of 1.61 (P < 0.001). For the Northeast region (87259 patients), the analysis showed similar results with decreasing HCC incidence rates in younger men but not counterpart women (Sex-specific AAPC-difference = 3.26, P < 0.001). Lastly, when evaluating the south (180137 patients), the results were also decreasing in younger men but not in women (Sex-specific AAPC-difference = 2.55, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Nationwide analysis covering around 98% of the United States population shows an increasing incidence of HCC across all geographical regions, most notably in the South. While younger men experienced decreasing HCC incidence, younger women had a stable trend and this was noted across all regions as well. Our study offers insight into the epidemiology of HCC in different demographic groups across various United States geographical regions. While the reasons contributing to our findings are unclear, they can be related to sex and regional disparities in healthcare access and utilization. Future research is warranted to characterize the temporal change in HCC risk factors across different United States regions.
Critically unlearning about madness and distress: Reflections on social work education and activism in Ireland
Authors: Sapouna Lydia 
Published: July 2024

This article draws from my involvement in critical social work education and my position as an aspiring ally of the Mad movement in the Irish context. I use a reflexive auto-critique as a methodology to consider a significant shift in my engagement with Mad matters which has led to new ways of (un)learning critically about madness and distress in education and activism. This is a shift from celebrating criticality and inclusion strategies, and in particular service-user involvement in education, to problematising criticality and its potential to perpetuate power inequalities within mental health and education systems. It is a shift from viewing critical education as a process of knowing about distress and Mad people to a process of knowing with and from Mad people, service-users, and survivors. The emerging field of Mad Studies provides a conceptual framework to inquire about knowledge and knowers, to consider issues of co-option and epistemic injustice, to focus on pedagogies for unlearning, to ask questions about representational politics and the complexities of being an engaged academic and Mad positive ally. Guided by Mad Studies as a mode of analysis, I recognise that inclusion of madness in university curricula can work in ways that continue to pathologise and subjugate Mad people. This is an unsettling recognition that leads to an interrogation of my own praxis as an academic and an aspiring ally of the Mad moment. I propose that prefigurative politics are central in these considerations as genuine engagements with mental health matters need to model the changes we aim to achieve. Engaging with the tensions of inclusion politics, the complexities of madness, and the unsettledness this engagement generates, can be a source of knowing through epistemic humility and a resource for networks of solidarity.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Steam Guna Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa dalam Tematik Integratif di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Jauhari Faruq Dukan , Sholihah Nila Ma’rifatus 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurang pahamnya banyak siswa terhadap materi pelajaran yang sangat meresahkan bagi pendidik, sebab tanpa pemahaman siswa niscaya tujuan pembelajaran sulit untuk tercapai. Pembelajaran STEAM mampu mengatasi hal ini, sebab STEAM mampu mengintegrasikan komponen STEAM sekaligus subjek, sehingga mampu mempelajari banyak materi hanya dengan sekali pembelajaran. Fokus penelitian ini adalah perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran STEAM dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran STEAM dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis datanya menggunakan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan pada pembelajaran STEAM berupa projek yang mampu mengintegrasikan komponen STEAM dengan subject, sehingga siswa akan belajar banyak hal secara tidak langsung. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran STEAM berupa pengintegrasian mata pelajaran dengan komponen STEAM sedangkan sistem evaluasinya berupa evaluasi sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Dari evaluasi ini dapat diketahui bahwa pemahaman dan sebab akibat siswa meningkat akibat pembelajaran STEAM yang diterapkan.
Getting back to growth: Refocusing corporate real estate after being in ‘survival mode’
Authors: Fisher Sally A. 
Published: July 2024

Business sentiment is looking up as signs of growth reappear. Although recovery seems to be slow and marked with uncertainty, it would seem that business managers have changed their way of thinking. Many think that it is a new economy and a new business landscape out there. This past recession came fast and had a deep global impact, which has meant rethinking the fundamentals of how business managers do business and what their business model should be. The widespread impact of deep cost-cutting and massive layoffs was the result of management's survival instincts kicking in. For many companies, those survival instincts took a deep hold on management psyche, resulting in a heightened sense of risk as consumer behaviour changed and capital expenditures became harder to justify. This paper discusses the impact that the recent economic crisis has had on management practices and key areas that corporate real estate (CRE) executives need to address in order to get back to supporting business growth. Recovery from this recession is different than in past recessions. This paper seeks to provide a framework to support CRE executives as they seek to refocus their organisations in light of changes in business management and approach.
Developing an automated digital suitability assessment against the backdrop of MiFID II
Authors: Kümmerle Ruth , Conen Ralf 
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the Markets and Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) suitability assessment from an academic perspective, including behavioural finance aspects. It highlights critical focus points within the regulation and provides guidance for an automated, digital suitability assessment. It suggests the use of visualisation elements and experience sampling to assess a client’s risk tolerance. It outlines how to employ decision support systems to measure the ability to bear losses. Finally, the paper discusses how to construct an algorithmic evaluation logic of the assessed parameters yielding a client risk profile. Overall, suggestions on how to implement an objectively evaluated digital suitability assessment are provided. The approach might thus be of interest to regulators, the traditional industry and FinTech companies alike.
El nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano
Authors: Lugo Armando , Martínez Rubén , Jimenez Rafael 
Published: July 2024

Más allá de la coyuntura política marcada por el ascenso y el declive de unos gobiernos, que les permitió a algunos intelectuales hace algunos años hablar de una "nueva izquierda latinoamericana", se puede constatar la existencia de un proceso que coincide con esa coyuntura política y que sí trasciende en el tiempo porque, a diferencia de los gobiernos y de algunos intelectuales que proclamaban esa "nueva izquierda", este proceso tiene sentido histórico, raigambre popular y, en consecuencia, una capacidad de transformar la sociedad. Se trata de la emergencia y la proposición de poderes constituyentes enriquecidos en saberes que emergieron de la entraña cultural y de los valores políticos y económicos propios de los países de la región y que en el ocaso del siglo XX se fueron transformando en instituciones, cuyo conjunto, denominado nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano.
Radiative forcing caused by rocket engine emissions
Authors: Ross Martin N. , Sheaffer Patti M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpace transportation plays an important and growing role in Earth's economic system. Rockets uniquely emit gases and particles directly into the middle and upper atmosphere where exhaust from hundreds of launches accumulates, changing atmospheric radiation patterns. The instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) caused by major rocket engine emissions CO2, H2O, black carbon (BC), and Al2O3 (alumina) is estimated. Rocket CO2 and H2O emissions do not produce significant RF. BC and alumina emissions, under some scenarios, have the potential to produce significant RF. Absorption of solar flux by BC is likely the main RF source from rocket launches. In a new finding, alumina particles, previously thought to cool the Earth by scattering solar flux back to space, absorb outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation, resulting in net positive RF. With the caveat that BC and alumina microphysics are poorly constrained, we find that the present‐day RF from rocket launches equals 16 ± 8 mW m−2. The relative contributions from BC, alumina, and H2O are 70%, 28%, and 2%. respectively. The pace of rocket launches is predicted to grow and space transport RF could become comparable to global aviation RF in coming decades. Improved understanding of rocket emission RF requires more sophisticated modeling and improved data describing particle microphysics.
Long‐run evolution of the global economy: 1. Physical basis
Authors: Garrett Timothy J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractClimate change is a two‐way street during the Anthropocene: civilization depends upon a favorable climate at the same time that it modifies it. Yet studies that forecast economic growth employ fundamentally different equations and assumptions than those used to model Earth's physical, chemical, and biological processes. In the interest of establishing a common theoretical framework, this article treats humanity like any other physical process; that is, as an open, nonequilibrium thermodynamic system that sustains existing circulations and furthers its material growth through the consumption and dissipation of energy. The link of physical to economic quantities comes from a prior result that establishes a fixed relationship between rates of global energy consumption and a historical accumulation of global economic wealth. What follows are nonequilibrium prognostic expressions for how wealth, energy consumption, and the Gross World Product (GWP) grow with time. This paper shows that the key components that determine whether civilization “innovates” itself toward faster economic growth include energy reserve discovery, improvements to human and infrastructure longevity, and reductions in the amount of energy required to extract raw materials. Growth slows due to a combination of prior growth, energy reserve depletion, and a “fraying” of civilization networks due to natural disasters. Theoretical and numerical arguments suggest that when growth rates approach zero, civilization becomes fragile to such externalities as natural disasters, and the risk is for an accelerating collapse.SummaryLinking physical to economic quantities comes from a fixed relationship between rates of global energy consumption and historical accumulation of global economic wealth. When growth rates approach zero, civilization becomes fragile to externalities, such as natural disasters, and is at risk for accelerating collapse.
Observational‐ and model‐based trends and projections of extreme precipitation over the contiguous United States
Authors: Janssen Emily , Wuebbles Donald J. , Kunkel Kenneth E. , Olsen Seth C. , Goodman Alex 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHistorical and projected trends in extreme precipitation events are examined in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models and observations, over the contiguous United States (CONUS), using several approaches. This study updates earlier studies that have used the extreme precipitation index (EPI) to assess observations and goes further by using the EPI to evaluate available climate model simulations. An increasing trend over the CONUS was found in the EPI, with large differences among seven subregions of the United States. Median of CMIP5 simulations also finds an increasing trend in the EPI, but with a smaller magnitude than the observations. Model spread is large and in most cases bigger than the model signal itself. Statistically significant (95th confidence level) increasing trends in the observational‐based EPI occur over the Midwest and Eastern regions, while most decreasing trends occur over Western regions. Some models give negative correlation coefficients relative to observations. However, some ensemble members, for most models, show correlation coefficients greater than 0.5. Projections of extreme precipitation event frequency, for representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, show increasing trends over the CONUS. Both scenarios give a steady increase throughout the period but the RCP 4.5 signal is smaller in magnitude. Overall, the RCP scenarios show an increase across all regions with the exception of some variability between decades in some regions for RCP 4.5. For the CONUS model spread is smaller than the projected signal. Regional analyses show overall agreement among models of a future increase in extreme precipitation event frequency over most regions.
Impact of losing and gaining streamflow conditions on hyporheic exchange fluxes induced by dune‐shaped bed forms
Authors: Fox Aryeh , Boano Fulvio , Arnon Shai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe exchange of water between the surface and subsurface environments plays a crucial role in hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes. The exchange of water is driven by the local morphology of the streambed (hyporheic exchange) and the regional forcing of a large‐scale hydraulic gradient, which results in losing or gaining flow conditions. We measured the effects of losing and gaining flow conditions on hyporheic exchange fluxes in a sandy streambed using a novel laboratory flume system (640 cm long and 30 cm wide) under a combination of average overlying velocities and losing/gaining fluxes. Hyporheic exchange fluxes were analyzed based on a new conceptual framework. This combination of experimental observations and modeling revealed that hyporheic exchange fluxes under losing and gaining flow conditions are similar. Because interfacial transport increases proportionally to the square of the overlying velocity and linearly with increasing fluxes of losing and gaining conditions in the sand bed, the hyporheic exchange flux becomes smaller when the losing or gaining flux increases. Thus, losing and gaining flow conditions become the dominant mechanisms of water exchange at a certain flux, which depends on the competitive interaction between the overlying velocity in the stream and the losing/gaining fluxes.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2014 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: January 2014

Disease overview: The myelodysplastic (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older male and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy.Diagnosis: Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry or molecular genetics is complementary but not diagnostic.Risk‐stratification: Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly used system is the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). IPSS is likely to be replaced by a new revised score (IPSS‐R) and by the incorporation of new molecular markers recently described.Risk‐adapted therapy: Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts and more recently cytogenetic profile. Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML, as well as to improve survival. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, hypomethylating agents, intensive chemotherapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of lenalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with lower risk disease, anemia, and a chromosome 5 alteration. 5‐Azacitidine and decitabine have activity in higher risk MDS. 5‐Azacitidine has been shown to improve survival in higher risk MDS. A number of new molecular lesions have been described in MDS that may serve as new therapeutic targets or aid in the selection of currently available agents. Additional supportive care measures may include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and iron chelation.Management of progressive or refractory disease: There are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after hypomethylating based therapy. Options include cytarabine based therapy, transplantation and participation on a clinical trial. Am. J. Hematol. 89:98–108, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coronary artery disease and cancer mortality in a cohort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride, carbon disulfide, rotating shift work, and o‐toluidine at a chemical manufacturing plant
Authors: Carreón Tania , Hein Misty J. , Hanley Kevin W. , Viet Susan M. , Ruder Avima M. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundWe updated through 2007 the mortality experience of 1,874 workers employed at a New York State chemical manufacturing plant between 1946 and 2006.MethodsReassessed exposures to vinyl chloride, carbon disulfide, and shift work and categories of o‐toluidine exposure were based on year, department and job title. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) compared mortality to that of the US population. Internal comparisons used directly standardized rate ratios.ResultsHepatobiliary cancer mortality was elevated among workers ever exposed to vinyl chloride (SMR = 3.80, 95% confidence interval 1.89–6.80); directly standardized rates increased with increasing vinyl chloride exposure duration. No increase in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma mortality was observed with vinyl chloride and shift work exposures. Internal comparisons showed increased coronary artery disease mortality among long‐term workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work for 4 years or more.ConclusionsExcess coronary artery disease mortality confirms earlier results; further investigation is needed to understand risk factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:398–411, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contingent workers: Workers' compensation data analysis strategies and limitations
Authors: Foley Michael , Ruser John , Shor Glenn , Shuford Harry , Sygnatur Eric 
Published: January 2014

The growth of the contingent workforce presents many challenges in the occupational safety and health arena. State and federal laws impose obligations and rights on employees and employers, but contingent work raises issues regarding responsibilities to maintain a safe workplace and difficulties in collecting and reporting data on injuries and illnesses.Contingent work may involve uncertainty about the length of employment, control over the labor process, degree of regulatory, or statutory protections, and access to benefits under workers' compensation.The paper highlights differences in regulatory protections and benefits among various types of contingent workers and how these different arrangements affect safety incentives. It discusses challenges caused by contingent work for accurate data reporting in existing injury and illness surveillance and benefit programs, differences between categories of contingent work in their coverage in various data sources, and opportunities for overcoming obstacles to effectively using workers' compensation data. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:764–775, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technical Note: Cervical dimensions for in situ and loose teeth: A critique of the Hillson et al. (2005) method
Authors: Aubry Bryan Scott 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2005, Hillson and colleagues developed a method for obtaining cervicometrics on a collection of loose teeth. However, I identified problems with the method when trying to apply it to material from archaeological collections with a mixture of in situ and loose teeth. The correct placement of the caliper tips at the suggested mesiodistal landmarks proved impossible for many in situ teeth. Their recommendation to rotate teeth to access the suggested landmarks resulted in large errors because not all teeth could be rotated. Other problems were identified with the suggested buccolingual dimensions of molars, which produced measurements that are not homologous across tooth class because of differential reduction in the distal cusps. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:159–164, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.