bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of slip velocity on Newtonian fluid flow induced by a stretching surface within a porous medium
Authors: Bansal Shubham , Yadav Rajendra Singh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article aims to examine an unsteady 2-D laminar flow of magnetohydrodynamic fluid caused by an elastic surface immersed in a permeable medium under the influence of thermal radiation and extended heat flux. Thermal conductivity and viscosity both are supposed to vary with temperature. This flow model also includes velocity slip, heat source, and joule heating. The governing equations of the fluid, including momentum and energy equations, of the proposed problem are transfigured into a system of interconnected non-linear ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations. The resultant equations are solved efficiently by employing the shooting technique in combination with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Numerical values and the effect of numerous governing factors on the flow field, temperature distribution, local skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are showcased via graphs and tables. The investigation reveals that velocity slip, heat source, and porosity parameters enhance the temperature field while diminishing the velocity field. Furthermore, the velocity slip parameter notably reduces both the coefficient of skin friction and the Nusselt number.
Adipose Tissue Sex Steroids in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Authors: Hetemäki Natalia , Robciuc Alexandra , Vihma Veera , Haanpää Mikko , Hämäläinen Esa , Tikkanen Matti J , Mikkola Tomi S , Savolainen-Peltonen Hanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
The decrease in serum estrogens after menopause is associated with a shift from a gynoid to an android adipose tissue (AT) distribution. Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) mitigates this change and accompanying metabolic dysfunction, but its effects on AT sex steroid metabolism have not been characterized.

Objective
We studied effects of HT on subcutaneous and visceral AT estrogen and androgen concentrations and metabolism in postmenopausal women.

Design, setting, patients, and interventions
Serum and subcutaneous and visceral AT from 63 postmenopausal women with (n = 50) and without (n = 13) per oral HT were analyzed for estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and serum estrone sulfate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroid sulfatase activity was measured using radiolabeled precursors. mRNA expression of genes encoding sex steroid-metabolizing enzymes and receptors was performed using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
HT users had 4- to 7-fold higher concentrations of estrone and estradiol in subcutaneous and visceral AT, and 30% lower testosterone in visceral AT compared to nonusers. Estrogen-to-androgen ratios were 4- to 12-fold higher in AT of users compared to nonusers of HT. In visceral AT, estrogen-to-androgen ratios increased with HT estradiol dose. AT to serum ratios of estrone and estradiol remained high in HT users.

Conclusion
Higher local estrogen to androgen ratios and high AT to serum ratios of estrogen concentrations in HT users suggest that HT may significantly influence intracrine sex steroid metabolism in AT; these local changes could be involved in the preventive effect of HT on menopause-associated abdominal adiposity.
Renal Protective Effect of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Wang Hsi-Hao , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Hung Shih-Yuan , Chiou Yuan-Yow , Hsu Wan-Chia , Chang Chih-Min , Liou Hung-Hsiang , Chang Min-Yu , Ho Li-Chun , Wu Ching-Fang , Lee Yi-Che 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Inhibiting the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important issue, but the renoprotective effect of metformin is still controversial.

Objective
To assess the renoprotective effect of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
This retrospective observational multicenter cohort study included 316 693 patients with type 2 diabetes from 7 hospitals. After matching for age, gender, medical year, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine protein (dipstick), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and propensity score; a total of 13 096 metformin and 13 096 non-metformin patients were included. The main results were doubling of serum creatinine, eGFR ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Results
After conducting a multivariable logistic regression analysis on the variables, the metformin group was revealed to have better renal outcomes than the non-metformin group, including a lower incidence of doubling of serum creatinine (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.77), eGFR ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.53-0.71), and ESKD (HR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.47-0.66). The subgroup analyses revealed a consistent renoprotective effect across patients with various renal functions. Furthermore, when considering factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, and medications in subgroup analyses, it consistently showed that the metformin group experienced a slower deterioration in renal function across nearly all patient subgroups.

Conclusion
Metformin decreased the risk of renal function deterioration.
Comprehensive Assessment of Drug Kinetics, Neurotoxicity, and Safety of Sirolimus-Eluting Intracranial Stents in Canine Basilar Artery
Authors: Sun Xuan , Wu Xiaojin , Yang Ming , Deng Yiming , Jia Baixue , Zhang Xuelei , Zhang Min , Pi Chaoqiong , Bureau Christophe , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) have shown promise in treating intracranial atherosclerosis but concerns about potential neurotoxicity due to prolonged drug release exist. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the safety of SES, with a focus on neurotoxicity.

METHODS:
Stents (1.50 × 7 or 12 mm) were implanted into the basilar arteries of 154 Labrador Retrievers (weighing >25 kg and aged older than 1 year) divided into 4 groups: bare-metal stent, polymer-coated stent, standard-dose SES (sirolimus dose: 71 μg), and high-dose SES group (sirolimus dose: 284 μg). Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on blood and tissue samples, and analysis of brain tissue was performed with 5 different special stains and immunohistochemistry protocols to assess axonal degeneration, vacuolization, astrocyte proliferation, microglial activation, or widespread neurodegeneration.

RESULTS:
In the standard-dose SES group, the stent released 10.56% of the drug on day 1 and 95.41% on day 28 postimplantation. In the high-dose SES group, corresponding figures were 40.20% on day 1 and 98.08% on day 28. Systemic drug concentration consistently remained below 1.5 ng/mL throughout the study. Arterial tissue concentration reached its peak at day 28 days in the standard-dose group and at 7 days in the high-dose group. Importantly, the brain and related tissue concentrations remained below 0.4 µg/g in both standard-dose and high-dose SES groups, peaking on day 21 in the standard-dose group and day 1 in the high-dose group. The detailed 180-day safety assessment revealed no adverse effects on the brain, even at high sirolimus doses in the SES group.

CONCLUSION:
This study provides robust evidence supporting the long-term pharmacokinetic safety of SESs in the context of intracranial interventions for high-grade intracranial atherosclerosis. The results adequately alleviate concerns related to neurotoxicity and substantiate the feasibility of using these stents as a therapeutic choice in neurosurgery.
Postinterventional Petechial Hemorrhage Associated With Poor Functional Outcome After Successful Recanalization Following Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Ma Jicai , Chervak Lina M. , Siegler James E. , Li Zhenzhang , Mofatteh Mohammad , Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Zhou Sijie , Huang Jianhui , Lai Yuzheng , Zhang Youyong , Guo Junhui , Zhang Xiuling , Cheng Chunyun , Tang Jiaying , Chen Junbin , Chen Yimin 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Endovascular therapy (EVT) has emerged as the standard for treating patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early petechial hemorrhage and patient outcomes after successful EVT of anterior circulation.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed multicenter data from 316 patients who underwent EVT for acute occlusion of anterior circulation. Patients were divided into petechial hemorrhage group and without hemorrhage group based on post-EVT head imaging. Logistical regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for petechial hemorrhage, and for petechial hemorrhage as a predictor of early neurological improvement, favorable outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0-2), and 90-day mortality, with adjustment for all factors significantly associated with these endpoints in univariate regression to P < .10.

RESULTS:
Of 316 included patients with successful EVT, 49 (15.50%) had petechial hemorrhage. The petechial hemorrhage group showed less early neurological improvement (36.73% compared with 53.56%, P = .030), less favorable outcomes at 90 days (32.65% compared with 61.80%, P < .001, absolute risk difference 29.15%), and higher mortality at 90 days (28.57% compared with 10.49%, P = .001) then the group without hemorrhage. Petechial hemorrhage was inversely associated with favorable 90-day outcome (odds ratio = 0.415, 95% CI 0.206-0.835) and higher mortality rate at 90 days (odds ratio = 2.537, 95% CI 1.142-5.635) in multivariable regression but was not independently associated with early neurological improvement.

CONCLUSION:
In patients with anterior large vessel occlusion who underwent successful EVT, petechial hemorrhage was associated with poor functional outcome and 90-day mortality when adjusted for complete recanalization, pre-EVT National Institute of Health Stroke Scale/Score, and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score. Despite the relatively lower rate of a favorable 90-day outcome with petechial hemorrhage compared with no petechial hemorrhage, the absolute rate of a favorable outcome exceeds the natural history of medical management for this condition.
Safety assessment of rat embryonic fraction for in vivo regenerative therapy
Authors: Darsi Sivarama Prasad , Baishya Somorita , Nagati Veerababu , Bharani Kala Kumar , Cheekatla Satyanarayana Swamy , Darsi Sujesh Kumar , Kamireddy Adi Reddy , Barra Ram Reddy , Devarasetti Ashok Kumar , Surampudi Sreedhar , Singireddy Jayaram Reddy , Kandula Siva Kumar , Pasupulati Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Regenerative therapy is considered a novel option for treating various diseases, whereas a developing embryo is a prime source of molecules that help repair diseased tissue and organs. Organoid culture studies also confirmed the inherent biological functions of several embryonic factors. However, the in vivo safety and efficacy of embryonic protein fraction (EPF) were not validated. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of EPF on healthy adult rats. We obtained embryos from Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats of E14, E16, and E19 embryonic days and collected protein lysate. This lysate was administered intravenously into adult SD rats on sequential days. We collected blood and performed hematological and biochemical parameters of rats that received EPF. C-reactive protein levels, interleukin-6, blood glucose levels, serum creatinine, blood urea, total leucocyte counts, and % of neutrophils and lymphocytes were comparable between rats receiving EPF and saline. Histological examination of rats' tissues administered with EPF is devoid of abnormalities. Our study revealed that intravenous administration of EPF to healthy adult rats showed that EPF is non-immunogenic, non-inflammatory, non-tumorigenic, and safe for in vivo applications. Our analysis suggests that EPF or its components could be recommended for validating its therapeutic abilities in organ regenerative therapy.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Biomarker for Guiding Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stages II and III Colorectal Cancer Patients with Mismatch Repair Deficiency: Seeking Benefits and Avoiding Harms
Authors: Chen Mian , Deng Shenghe , Cao Yinghao , Wang Jun , Zou Falong , Gu Junnang , Mao Fuwei , Xue Yifan , Jiang Zhenxing , Cheng Denglong , Huang Ning , Huang Liang , Cai Kailin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) status are conventionally perceived as unresponsive to adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is required for mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) expression. In light of previous findings indicating that the frequent truncating-mutation of TFAM affects the chemotherapy resistance of MSI CRC cells, this study aimed to explore the potential of mtDNA-CN as a predictive biomarker for ACT efficacy in dMMR CRC patients.

Methods
Levels of MtDNA-CN were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a cohort of 308 CRC patients with dMMR comprising 180 stage II and 128 stage III patients. Clinicopathologic and therapeutic data were collected. The study examined the association between mtDNA-CN levels and prognosis, as well as the impact of ACT benefit on dMMR CRC patients. Subgroup analyses were performed based mainly on tumor stage and mtDNA-CN level. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the effect of mtDNA-CN on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
A substantial reduction in mtDNA-CN expression was observed in tumor tissue, and higher mtDNA-CN levels were correlated with improved DFS (73.4% vs 85.7%; P = 0.0055) and OS (82.5% vs 90.3%; P = 0.0366) in dMMR CRC patients. Cox regression analysis identified high mtDNA-CN as an independent protective factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.547; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.321–0.934; P = 0.0270) and OS (HR 0.520; 95% CI 0.272–0.998; P = 0.0492). Notably, for dMMR CRC patients with elevated mtDNA-CN, ACT significantly improved DFS (74.6% vs 93.4%; P = 0.0015) and OS (81.0% vs 96.7%; P = 0.0017), including those with stage II or III disease.

Conclusions
The mtDNA-CN levels exhibited a correlation with the prognosis of stage II or III CRC patients with dMMR. Elevated mtDNA-CN emerges as a robust prognostic factor, indicating improved ACT outcomes for stages II and III CRC patients with dMMR. These findings suggest the potential utility of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker for guiding personalized ACT treatment in this population.
The role of BioFire Joint Infection Panel in diagnosing periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections in patients with unclear conventional microbiological results
Authors: Gardete-Hartmann Susana , Mitterer Jennyfer A. , Sebastian Sujeesh , Frank Bernhard J. H. , Simon Sebastian , Huber Stephanie , Löw Marcellino , Sommer Ian , Prinz Mojgan , Halabi Milo , Hofstaetter Jochen G. 
Published: July 2024

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the BioFire Joint Infection (JI) Panel in cases of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) where conventional microbiology is unclear, and to assess its role as a complementary intraoperative diagnostic tool.MethodsFive groups representing common microbiological scenarios in hip and knee revision arthroplasty were selected from our arthroplasty registry, prospectively maintained PJI databases, and biobank: 1) unexpected-negative cultures (UNCs), 2) unexpected-positive cultures (UPCs), 3) single-positive intraoperative cultures (SPCs), and 4) clearly septic and 5) aseptic cases. In total, 268 archived synovial fluid samples from 195 patients who underwent acute/chronic revision total hip or knee arthroplasty were included. Cases were classified according to the International Consensus Meeting 2018 criteria. JI panel evaluation of synovial fluid was performed, and the results were compared with cultures.ResultsThe JI panel detected microorganisms in 7/48 (14.5%) and 15/67 (22.4%) cases related to UNCs and SPCs, respectively, but not in cases of UPCs. The correlation between JI panel detection and infection classification criteria for early/late acute and chronic PJI was 46.6%, 73%, and 40%, respectively. Overall, the JI panel identified 12.6% additional microorganisms and three new species. The JI panel pathogen identification showed a sensitivity and specificity of 41.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.7 to 49.5) and 91.1% (95% CI 84.7 to 94.9), respectively. In total, 19/195 (9.7%) could have been managed differently and more accurately upon JI panel evaluation.ConclusionDespite its microbial limitation, JI panel demonstrated clinical usefulness by complementing the traditional methods based on multiple cultures, particularly in PJI with unclear microbiological results.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(7):353–361.
Practical Considerations for Ultra-Wideband Line System Development
Authors: Larikova Julia 
Published: July 2024

With the coherent transmission hitting the Shannon limit and spectral efficiency constrains, it is important to find other ways of extending fiber capacity using new but practical ways. The most realistic way to increase it by using optical line system with SuperC and SuperL amplification and Wavelength selective switches, allowing capacity increase on the order of 30% with a max capacity as high as 100Tbps on a single fiber without the need for novel fiber types
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Structured Light Enhanced Shape Sensing in Multimode Fibers
Authors: Angelucci Sara , Skvarenina Lubomir , Chen Zhaozhong , Valles Adam , Clark Alasdair , Lavery Martin 
Published: July 2024

Intermodal coupling and phase noise distorts optical fields as they propagate in fiber, limiting the accuracy of optical sensors. Utilising structured-light illumination and mode-demultiplexing for all-optical feature extraction, machine learning can be used to accurately determine the shape of few or multimode fibers.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Photonic Lanterns, 3-D Waveguides, Multiplane Light Conversion, and Other Components That Enable Space-Division Multiplexing
Authors: Fontaine Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

These three spatial mode multiplexing devices have demonstrated capability to combine over 1000 spatial separated beams into spatially overlapped modes with sub dB losses and capability towards mass production. This tutorial will compare the strengths and weaknesses of each device and highlight some of the hero transmission experiments they have enabled.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Monolithically Integrated Comb Lasers on Silicon for Optical I/O
Authors: Wang Ting 
Published: July 2024

Significant HPC and AI development enable the rising demand of chip-to-chip optical I/O. Monolithically integrated multi-wavelength lasers on silicon integrated with micro-ring modulators are capable of increasing data transmission bandwidth among XPUs, FPGAs and ASICS. Multi-terabit optical data tranmission with on-board optics shall lead to next generation high-performance computing.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Ultra-narrow-linewidth hybrid-integrated self-injection locked laser at 780  nm
Authors: Prokoshin Artem , Gehl Michael , Madaras Scott , Chow Weng W. , Wan Yating 
Published: July 2024

Narrow-linewidth lasers are essential across a wide range of applications, including classical and quantum sensing, trapped ion systems, position/navigation/timing systems, optical clocks, and microwave frequency synthesizers. In the visible and near-visible spectrum, low-noise lasers are particularly important for laser trapping and cooling techniques, which are vital for trapped ion quantum computing, sensing, and atomic clocks. In this context, our work showcases a hybrid-integrated narrow-linewidth laser that operates at 780 nm, achieving a self-heterodyne linewidth of 105 Hz. To validate the experimental results, we performed a numerical analysis that combines insights from a many-body theory applied to the gain region with a travelling-wave model to capture the laser dynamics. Our investigation further delves into how the linewidth of the self-injection locked lasers is influenced by the parameters of micro-ring resonators, aiming to assess the potential for achieving Hz-level integrated laser linewidths at 780 nm. This work not only demonstrates the technical feasibility of Hz-level narrow-linewidth lasers but also lays the groundwork for future explorations in the field.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Hemorrhagic Shock in a Patient Diagnosed With Disseminated Histoplasmosis
Authors: Omiwade Oluwaposi , Prevallet Alex 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
A 63-year-old patient with HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B virus was found to have disseminated histoplasmosis with gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient was initially treated for sepsis, but the infectious workup was negative. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed diffuse mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, with plan for biopsy. Unfortunately, the patient had a Code Blue after having profuse hematochezia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy disclosed actively bleeding duodenal ulcer; computed tomography angiography showed gastric and jejunal extravasation. The patient expired, and autopsy revealed histoplasmosis of duodenum and jejunum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is particularly helpful for timely diagnosis in immunocompromised patients with gastrointestinal bleed from suspected infections or malignancy.
Cap Polyposis—A Rare Cause of Rectal Bleeding in a Young Woman
Authors: Domingues Ângela , Araújo Ricardo , Dias Nuno , Silva Américo 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Cap polyposis is a very rare clinical entity, with only few cases reported in the literature. It is a benign disease, characterized by inflammatory polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. A 35-year-old woman was referred to our Gastroenterology department due to rectal bleeding. Endoscopic examination revealed multiple polypoid lesions in the middle/lower rectum. Histology was compatible with cap polyposis. She underwent mucosectomy of the lesions, with clinical and endoscopic improvement. Clinical findings and therapeutic approach represent a challenge in this pathology.