bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Inference of Selection and Divergence of the Rice Blast Resistance GenePi-ta
Authors: Amei Amei , Lee Seonghee , Mysore Kirankumar S , Jia Yulin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe resistance gene Pi-ta has been effectively used to control rice blast disease, but some populations of cultivated and wild rice have evolved resistance. Insights into the evolutionary processes that led to this resistance during crop domestication may be inferred from the population history of domesticated and wild rice strains. In this study, we applied a recently developed statistical method, time-dependent Poisson random field model, to examine the evolution of the Pi-ta gene in cultivated and weedy rice. Our study suggests that the Pi-ta gene may have more recently introgressed into cultivated rice, indica and japonica, and U.S. weedy rice from the wild species, O. rufipogon. In addition, the Pi-ta gene is under positive selection in japonica, tropical japonica, U.S. cultivars and U.S. weedy rice. We also found that sequences of two domains of the Pi-ta gene, the nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat domain, are highly conserved among all rice accessions examined. Our results provide a valuable analytical tool for understanding the evolution of disease resistance genes in crop plants.
Autophagy Competes for a Common Phosphatidylethanolamine Pool with Major Cellular PE-Consuming Pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wilson-Zbinden Caroline , dos Santos Aline Xavier da Silveira , Stoffel-Studer Ingrid , van der Vaart Aniek , Hofmann Kay , Reggiori Fulvio , Riezman Howard , Kraft Claudine , Peter Matthias 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated pathway that selectively degrades cellular constituents such as protein aggregates and excessive or damaged organelles. This transport route is characterized by engulfment of the targeted cargo by autophagosomes. The formation of these double-membrane vesicles requires the covalent conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). However, the origin of PE and the regulation of lipid flux required for autophagy remain poorly understood. Using a genetic screen, we found that the temperature-sensitive growth and intracellular membrane organization defects of mcd4-174 and mcd4-P301L mutants are suppressed by deletion of essential autophagy genes such as ATG1 or ATG7. MCD4 encodes an ethanolamine phosphate transferase that uses PE as a precursor for an essential step in the synthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor used to link a subset of plasma membrane proteins to lipid bilayers. Similar to the deletion of CHO2, a gene encoding the enzyme converting PE to phosphatidylcholine (PC), deletion of ATG7 was able to restore lipidation and plasma membrane localization of the GPI-anchored protein Gas1 and normal organization of intracellular membranes. Conversely, overexpression of Cho2 was lethal in mcd4-174 cells grown at restrictive temperature. Quantitative lipid analysis revealed that PE levels are substantially reduced in the mcd4-174 mutant but can be restored by deletion of ATG7 or CHO2. Taken together, these data suggest that autophagy competes for a common PE pool with major cellular PE-consuming pathways such as the GPI anchor and PC synthesis, highlighting the possible interplay between these pathways and the existence of signals that may coordinate PE flux.
Psychosocial Outcomes of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adulthood
Authors: Rangmar Jenny , Hjern Anders , Vinnerljung Bo , Strömland Kerstin , Aronson Marita , Fahlke Claudia 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Primary disabilities in children prenatally exposed to alcohol have a major impact on their daily life. It is suggested that these issues persist into adulthood, but few studies have addressed the outcome in adults with prenatal exposure, especially those with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate outcome variables, such as education, employment, health, and criminal acts, in 79 adults diagnosed with FAS.METHODS:We carried out a national register–based study of 79 adults with an FAS diagnosis, at a mean age of 32. Education, social adjustment, and mental health outcomes were analyzed and compared with 3160 comparison individuals matched on age, gender, and place of birth.RESULTS:The FAS group was much more likely to have received special education (25% vs 2%), be unemployed (51% vs 15%), and receive a disability pension (31% vs 3%) than the comparisons, but the levels of criminal offenses were similar. The FAS group had higher hospital admission rates for alcohol abuse (9% vs 2%) and psychiatric disorders (33% vs 5%) and was more likely to be prescribed psychotropic drugs (57% vs 27%).CONCLUSIONS:Swedish children with FAS have quite diverse psychosocial outcomes in adulthood, considerably worse than for majority population peers. Potential risk and protective factors within the FAS group deserve study to enable development of effective interventions.
Children’s Academic Achievement and Foster Care
Authors: Berger Lawrence M. , Cancian Maria , Han Eunhee , Noyes Jennifer , Rios-Salas Vanessa 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Poor school outcomes for children in out-of-home placement (OHP) raise concerns about the adequacy of child welfare and educational policy for this vulnerable population. We analyzed the relation between OHP and academic achievement, focusing on reading and math achievement in grades 3 through 8.

METHODS:
Linked administrative data were used for our analytic sample comprising 529 597 child-year observations for 222 049 children who experienced OHP or were in a comparison group. Three models were estimated: a pooled ordinary least squares regression that considered placement status and test scores net of the full set of control variables; an identical model that added the previous year’s test scores as an additional control; and a final model that included child-specific fixed effects.

RESULTS:
Children in OHP settings had achievement test scores at least 0.6 SD below average. However, we found similar deficits across children with past, current, and future exposure to OHP and, in our preferred model, OHP (past, current, or future placement) had no statistically discernible relation with either reading or math achievement.

Conclusions:
OHP by itself is not significantly related to school achievement; however, evidence reveals consistently low average math and reading achievement among children involved with Child Protective Services.
Quinone-Decorated Carbon Materials for Capacitive Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Meller Mikolaj , Fic Krzysztof , Frackowiak Elzbieta 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTQuinone/hydroquinone redox couple has been utilized as a source of additional capacitance in typical capacitive energy-storage materials. By generation of functional groups on the carbon electrode surface (grafting) directly from electrolyte there is a possibility to enhance the capacitance value significantly. Hydroxybenzene solutions with different substitution of hydroxyl groups were effectively used for this target. Electrochemical and physicochemical properties of activated carbons have been investigated before and after grafting process.
Validation airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer data at Ray Mine, Arizona
Authors: Lang Harold R. , Baloga Steven M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The fundamental promise of imaging spectroscopy is to provide surface mineralogy based on remotely-acquired, gridded reflectance spectra of comparable quality to those from high resolution laboratory and field spectrometers. For regulatory and environmental monitoring, validating imaging spectrometer data is a major issue with this emerging technology. In this paper we validate 1997 Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) reflectance spectra covering 0.4 mu m-2.4 mu m at a stable, flat, manmade target at Ray Mine, Arizona, for EPA/NASA assessment of the utility of remote sensing for monitoring acid drainage from an active open pit copper mine. For validation, we a) compare qualitatively, laboratory and field reflectance spectra with corresponding AVIRIS spectra; b) compare quantitatively, mineralogically diagnostic statistics from field spectra with the same statistics from field spectra with the same statistics from AVIRIS spectra; and c) demonstrate a methodology for validating imaging spectrometer data for environmental applications.
Transient electromagnetic survey of a landslide and fault, Santa Susanna Mountains, Southern California
Authors: Cummings David 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An engineering geologic, geophysical, and geotechnical study was conducted for a proposed 3.8 sq km commercial center in the Santa Susanna Mountains, 50 km northwest of Los Angeles, California. Geologic hazards include an ancient landslide complex overlying the potentially active Santa Susanna (thrust) fault. The landslide covers about 70 percent of the site; the fault underlies about 60 percent of the site. The 1994 Northridge earthquake (Mw = 6.7) occurred about 20 km southeast of the site on the Oak Ridge-"Newhall" fault. No evidence was found that the ancient landslide was reactivated or that the Santa Susanna fault moved. The only earthquake-related geologic effects observed at the site consisted of isolated displaced blocks of bedrock. A transient electromagnetic survey was conducted to determine the thickness of the landslide and to locate the Santa Susanna fault under the landslide. Geologic interpretations of the geophysical data indicate the thickness of the landslide ranges from 0 to 40 m; the depth to the fault ranges from 40 to >75 m below ground surface. Subsequent drilling and geologic logging of four boreholes indicate that the thickness of the landslide and depth to the fault agree to within 5 percent of the geologic interpretations of the geophysical data. Engineering geologic and geotechnical analyses indicate the landslide to be marginally stable. The geologic hazards pose significant constraints on the suitability of the site.
Ground conditioning for earth pressure balance machine tunneling
Authors: Goss Christoph Michael 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to provide insight to the application of state-of-the-art ground modification technology for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) soft ground tunneling. The paper reflects data from a wide array of sources including conference proceedings, trade journal articles, manufacturer publications, books and personal experience. The paper first introduces the concept of soft ground tunneling and then discusses the Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machine method. The bulk of the paper is spent discussing ground-conditioning agents, particularly foam. Use of, quantities, theory behind them, environmental impact, lab testing, and effects of foams are described. The paper concludes with a brief case study of the Sheppard Subway Twin Tunnels in Toronto, Canada. Attached to the paper is a comprehensive literature search on EPB tunneling, particularly with regards to foam use.
Indices for scaling and predicting weathering-induced changes in rock properties
Authors: Aydin Adnan , Duzgoren-Aydin Nurdan S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a critical review of microfabric, physical and chemical indices for scaling and predicting weathering-induced changes in rock properties. The common goal of these indices is mainly to condense complexities to numbers that can be plotted against each other and against engineering properties or weathering grades to determine if trends exist. However, a purely statistical evaluation to establish smooth trends in such highly variable properties is deceptive. No single index is valid or remains unaffected over the whole spectrum of weathered states. Combination of indices aimed at determining grade boundaries may also be misleading unless accompanied by detailed descriptions of microfabric and mineralogical observations. The presented index classifications highlight the nature and scope of indices and provide guidance for compatible and complementary combinations. The meaning and adequacy of criteria used in classifications of residual soils and weathered rocks are reexamined from the point of view of the fundamental differences inherent in their microfabric.
La serie des Agudes-Cap de Pales (zone primaire axiale des Pyrenees aux confins de la Haute-Garonne et des Hautes-Pyrenees)
Authors: Krylatov Serge , Stoppel Dieter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) marine shales and sandstones, Carboniferous (Westphalian) age rejected, no unconformity found, conodonts, comparison with Spanish formations, France
Relations entre la Dorsale kabyle et les flyschs sur la transversale du Djebel Rhedir (nord du Constantinois, Algerie); phases tangentielles eocenes, paleogeographie
Authors: Raoult Jean Francois 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Cretaceous-Tertiary (Eocene) lithostratigraphy, Guerrouch- and Penthievre-type flyschs, structural and paleogeographical analyses
Le facies des 'gres verts' (Albien); spheroides et figures sedimentaires dans la region d'Oppedette et Carniol (Haute-Provence)
Authors: Blanc Jean J. , Brochier J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Cretaceous turbidite sequence, lamination, slump structures, turbid lobes, flute casts, paleogeographic significance, southeast France
Precisions sur l'Ordovicien moyen et superieur de la 'serie-type' du Centenillo (Sierra Morena orientale, Espagne)
Authors: Chauvel Jean , Drot Jeannine , Pillet Jean , Tamain Guy 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Echinoderms, brachiopods (including Aegiromena mariana n. sp.), pelecypods, trilobites, lithostratigraphy
Relations entre les intrusions de granitoides, l'anatexie et le metamorphisme regional considerees principalement du point de vue du role de l'eau; cas de la chaine hercynienne des Pyrenees orientales
Authors: Autran Albert , Fonteilles Michel , Guitard Gerard 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Definition of terms, classifications, morphology, magmatic origin of granites, regional anatexis and water, intrusions of granitoids
Sur la presence de formations a lignites, sous-jacentes a la moraine wurmienne, dans la vallee du Rhone, au Nord de Seyssel (Ain)
Authors: Donze Pierre , Evin Jacques , Meon-Vilain Henriette , Samuel Elisabeth 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Riss-Wurm probably, evolution of vegetation, from Herbaceae to forest (mostly conifers), then degradation with glaciation, pollen and spores, C-14 dates
Geologie de la region du Djebel Thaalba, monts de la Mina (Tell oranais, Algerie)
Authors: Addadi Colette , Boulanger Dominique , Delteil Jean 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Complex structures, nappes, Priabonian, Oligocene, Aquitanian, sandstone, autochthonous Miocene, foraminifera
Lacunes de sedimentation, series condensees et nodules de manganese dans les depots neogenes et quaternaires des bassins de l'ocean Indien austral
Authors: Leclaire L. , Clocchiatti M. , Muller C. , Caulet J. , Giannesini P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This is a detailed stratigraphic study of core samples from basins in the southern Indian Ocean used to characterize early milieux which controlled neogenic and quaternary sedimentation. Distribution of the principal pelagic facies identified--coccolithic calcareous oozes, red clays, grey and brown diatoms--depended more on depth than on latitudinal hydrologic zonation. Stratigraphic succession of neogenic and quaternary sediment layers--in general, red clays at the bottom, calcareous oozes above--is usually discontinuous. Condensation sequences and manganese nodules are comparable to those from the Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene in alpine areas. Their stratigraphic character indicates that lithological condensation was due to carbonate dissolution and sedimentation hiatuses. Their formation seems to depend on 3 principal phenomena: depth variation of the accelerated calcium zone in the course of time; crustal subsidence produced by dorsal ridges; and winnowing of sediments by deepwater movement. These results suggest a solution to the paradoxical problem of slow nodule growth--that it takes place during breaks in the sedimentation process.
Tooth Fragment Reattachment: A Case Report
Authors: Taguchi CMC , Bernardon JK , Zimmermann G , Baratieri LN 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY
The aim of this article is to present a case report for the multidisciplinary treatment of anterior tooth fractures with invasion of the biologic width and pulpectomy. Successful esthetic and functional results were achieved by bonding the crown fragment, without any form of preparation or the utilization of intracanal posts.
Failure Strengths of Composite Additions and Repairs
Authors: Tantbirojn D , Fernando C , Versluis A 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARY

Purpose
When adding composite to a cured composite restoration, the intent is to achieve the same failure strength as the original restorative material. This study evaluated the failure strengths of added or repaired composite using various chemical and/or mechanical surface treatments.

Methods
Failure strengths were determined using a four-point bending test. Beam-shaped specimens were fabricated by adding new composite to cured composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra). The cured composites were either fresh or aged seven days (N=10-14). The composite surfaces were left unground or were ground before treatment with various combinations of roughening, acid etching, silane, and dental adhesives (conventional Adper SingleBond Plus or new multimode Scotchbond Universal) and/or tribochemistry (CoJet system). Monolithic composite specimens were the control. Failure strengths were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Fisher protected least significant difference (α=0.05).

Results
Failure strengths (mean ± standard deviation) when composite was added to unground freshly cured composites (111±25 MPa) and aged composites using a new multimode adhesive with (102±22 MPa) or without (98±22 MPa) tribochemical treatment were not significantly lower than the monolithic specimens (122±23 MPa). Grinding the surfaces of freshly cured composite significantly reduced failure strength, either with (81±30 MPa) or without (86±31 MPa) use of conventional adhesive. Failure strengths of aged composites were also significantly lower (51±21 MPa with SingleBond Plus), even after tribochemical treatment (71±29 MPa with SingleBond Plus; 73±35 MPa with Silane-Visiobond).

Conclusions
Using a new multimode adhesive when adding composite to freshly cured or aged composite substrates recovered the failure strength to that of the original monolithic composite.
Associations between early radiographic and computed tomographic measures and canine hip joint osteoarthritis at maturity
Authors: Andronescu Anemone A. , Kelly Laura , Kearney Michael T. , Lopez Mandi J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of measures assessed by radiography, 2-D CT, and 3-D CT of the hip joints of immature dogs with osteoarthritis in the same joints at maturity.
ANIMALS 46 hound-type dogs from a colony predisposed to osteoarthritis.
PROCEDURES Images of hip joints (1/dog) were obtained at 16, 32, and 104 weeks of age. Radiographic measures included Norberg angle, distraction index, and osteoarthritis score. Two-dimensional CT measures included acetabular index, percentage of femoral head coverage, and center edge, horizontal toit externe, acetabular anteversion, and ventral, dorsal, and horizontal acetabular sector angles. Three-dimensional CT measures were femoral head and neck volume, femoral neck angle, and femoral head and neck radius. Differences among measures at 16 and 32 weeks in dogs with different osteoarthritis scores at later time points, relationships among variables at each time point, and relationships of single and combined measures with the presence of osteoarthritis at 104 weeks were evaluated.
RESULTS The 16- and 32-week distraction index, center edge angle, dorsal acetabular sector angle, horizontal acetabular sector angle, percentage of femoral head coverage, acetabular index, and Norberg angle and the 32-week femoral neck angle varied significantly with osteoarthritis severity at 104 weeks. Presence of osteoarthritis in mature dogs was most strongly associated with 16-week combined measures of distraction index and center edge angle and 32-week combined measures of dorsal acetabular sector angle and Norberg angle.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in hip joint morphology associated with radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were detectable as early as 16 weeks of age and varied with osteoarthritis severity in adult dogs. The use of combined hip joint measures may improve early identification of dogs predisposed to hip joint osteoarthritis.
The Effect of Oxygen Staging on Nitrogen Conversion in Oxy-Fuel CFB Environment
Authors: Jankowska Sylwia , Czakiert Tomasz , Krawczyk Grzegorz , Borecki Paweł , Jesionowski Łukasz , Nowak Wojciech 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a study on nitrogen conversion in oxy-fuel coal combustion in a pilot scale CFB 0.1 MWth facility. The paper is focused on fuel-N behaviour in the combustion chamber when the combustion process is accomplished under oxy-fuel CFB conditions. The analysis is based on infurnace sampling of flue gas and calculations of the conversion ratios of fuel-nitrogen (fuel-N) to NO, NO2, N2O, NH3 and HCN. For the tests, O2/CO2 mixtures with the oxygen content of 21 vol.% (primary gas) and with the oxygen content varied from 21 to 35 vol.% (secondary gas), were used as the fluidising gas. Measurements were carried out in 4 control points located along the combustion chamber: 0.43 m, 1.45 m, 2.50 m and 4.88 m. Results presented below indicate that an increased oxygen concentration in the higher part of the combustion chamber has strong influence on the behaviour of fuel based nitrogen compounds.
The Analysis of Pipeline Transportation Process for CO2 Captured From Reference Coal-Fired 900 MW Power Plant to Sequestration Region
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej , Rusin Andrzej , Majkut Mirosław , Stolecka Katarzyna 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Three commercially available intercooled compression strategies for compressing CO2 were studied. All of the compression concepts required a final delivery pressure of 153 bar at the inlet to the pipeline. Then, simulations were used to determine the maximum safe pipeline distance to subsequent booster stations as a function of inlet pressure, environmental temperature, thickness of the thermal insulation and ground level heat flux conditions. The results show that subcooled liquid transport increases energy efficiency and minimises the cost of CO2 transport over long distances under heat transfer conditions. The study also found that the thermal insulation layer should not be laid on the external surface of the pipe in atmospheric conditions in Poland. The most important problems from the environmental protection point of view are rigorous and robust hazard identification which indirectly affects CO2 transportation. This paper analyses ways of reducing transport risk by means of safety valves.