bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological variability over the Apennines during the Early Last Glacial precession minimum, as revealed by a stable isotope record from Sulmona basin, Central Italy
Authors: REGATTIERI ELEONORA , GIACCIO BIAGIO , ZANCHETTA GIOVANNI , DRYSDALE RUSSELL N. , GALLI PAOLO , NOMADE SEBASTIEN , PERONACE EDOARDO , WULF SABINE 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA multi‐proxy record was acquired from a Late Pleistocene lacustrine succession in the Sulmona basin, central Italy. Previous and new tephrostratigraphic analyses of six volcanic ash layers constrain the investigated interval to between 92.3 and 115.0 ka. The δ18O composition is interpreted as a proxy for precipitation amount in the high‐altitude catchment of the karst recharge system. The oxygen record shows millennial variability that is consistent with Greenland Interstadials GI25–23 and North Atlantic cold events C24–C22, indicating a strong Mediterranean–North Atlantic climate teleconnection. However, while no appreciable isotopic difference between the three interstadials is revealed by the Greenland record, the Sulmona section reveals a wetter climate during GI24 compared with GI23 and GI25. Comparison of our record with speleothem and pollen data from central and southern Italy suggests higher seasonality of the precipitation (wet winter–dry summer) for GI24, which matches a precession minimum. The wettest period recorded at Sulmona is also coincident with the deposition of Sapropel S4 in the Tyrrhenian Sea, suggesting a teleconnection between a higher seasonality in the western Mediterranean and strengthening of the boreal monsoon system.
Last Glacial droughts and fire regimes in the central Mexican highlands
Authors: TORRES‐RODRÍGUEZ E. , LOZANO‐GARCÍA S. , ROY P. , ORTEGA B. , BERAMENDI‐OROSCO L. , CORREA‐METRIO A. , CABALLERO M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTOver the last glacial cycle, climate variations in the Neotropics were related to diverse forcing mechanisms whose understanding has been limited because of the scarcity of continuous long records. Here we use high‐resolution charcoal particle accumulation, inorganic carbon precipitation and magnetic susceptibility data from Lake Chalco, located in high‐altitude tropical central Mexico, to assess the fire regimes and drought periods between ∼85 and 10.8k cal a BP. Overall, drought intervals were characterized by high carbonate deposition and were contemporary with high spring insolation. Most of the high fire activity periods were coupled with droughts, whereas some of them seem to have responded to volcanic activity in the basin. Periods of more fire activity during the latest part of Marine Isotope Stage 3 were associated with a long interval of higher spring insolation. Increase in drought frequency during 47–27k cal a BP were possibly linked to a more active Laurentide Ice Sheet influencing the oceanic and atmospheric controls of the tropical climatic system. In fact, Chalco and Cariaco records show similar millennial‐scale trends, suggesting a role of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in modulating moisture availability in the region.
240 Hz OLED technology properties that can enable improved image quality
Authors: Hoffman David M. , Johnson Paul V. , Kim Joohwan S. , Vargas Andy D. , Banks Martin S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLarge screen Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology is finally emerging as a technology ready for consumer use. OLED has a number of areas in which it can in principle be better than Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs); two ways in particular are that OLED technology can achieve black levels that are much darker than LCDs, and the OLED pixels can switch extremely rapidly. These differences can permit OLED displays to outperform LCD under a number of conventional scenarios, but it can also enable some dramatically improved stereoscopic 3D (s3D) displays, including full‐resolution temporal multiplexing with more than two views. In this paper, we review a set of experiments evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of OLED technology in general with a particular emphasis on understanding how the strengths of OLED technology can be leveraged to maximize the performance of an s3D display system.
Does intraoperative nerve monitoring reliably aid in staging of total thyroidectomies?
Authors: Fontenot Tatyana E. , Randolph Gregory W. , Setton Tedhar E. , Alsaleh Nuha , Kandil Emad 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisDemonstrate whether intraoperative nerve monitoring is an effective tool in staging bilateral thyroid and neck surgeries in cases of intraoperative injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the side of initial dissection. We hypothesized that IONM provides reliable and appropriate feedback on the functional status of the RLN on side of initial dissection during total thyroidectomy and central neck surgery.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.MethodsAll patients receiving total thyroidectomies or central neck surgeries were reviewed. The outcomes of patients treated whose procedures were staged based on intraoperative nerve monitoring are described.ResultsTen (4.9%) of 206 procedures were staged based on unfavorable signal change including six patients with thyroid cancers and four with compressive substernal goiters. The overall signal drop in the 10 patients with unfavorable signal change was 63%. Three patients had complete loss of signal. In the other seven patients, the signal dropped by a mean of 48%. In the eight patients with laryngoscopy‐proven vocal fold paresis, the signal dropped by a mean of 68%.ConclusionsIntraoperative nerve monitoring results accurately indicated postoperative ipsilateral vocal cord dysfunction with high reliability. Intraoperative nerve monitoring is a reliable tool in staging thyroid surgery.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2232–2235, 2015
Noninvasive depth‐resolved optical measurements of the tympanic membrane and middle ear for differentiating otitis media
Authors: Monroy Guillermo L. , Shelton Ryan L. , Nolan Ryan M. , Nguyen Cac T. , Novak Michael A. , Hill Malcolm C. , McCormick Daniel T. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: January 2015

Objective/HypothesisIn this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to noninvasively and quantitatively determine tympanic membrane (TM) thickness and the presence and thickness of any middle‐ear biofilm located behind the TM. These new metrics offer the potential to differentiate normal, acute, and chronic otitis media (OM) infections in pediatric subjects.Study DesignCase series with comparison group.MethodsThe TM thickness of 34 pediatric subjects was acquired using a custom‐built, handheld OCT system following a traditional otoscopic ear exam.ResultsOverall thickness (TM and any associated biofilm) was shown to be statistically different for normal, acute, and chronic infection groups (normal‐acute and normal‐chronic: P value < 0.001; acute‐chronic: P value = 0.0016). Almost all observed scans from the chronic group had an accompanying biofilm structure. When the thickness of the TM and biofilm were considered separately in chronic OM, the chronic TM thickness correlated with the normal group (P value = 0.68) yet was still distinct from the acute OM group (P value < 0.001), indicating that the TM in chronic OM returns to relatively normal thickness levels.ConclusionIdentifying these physical changes in vivo provides new metrics for noninvasively and quantitatively differentiating normal, acute, and chronic OM. This new diagnostic information has the potential to assist physicians to more effectively and efficiently screen, manage, and refer patients based on quantitative data.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:E276–E282, 2015
Catch the Peak
Authors: Frede Maik , Engelbrecht Martin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNowadays, many laser material applications are driven by pulsed laser systems providing a broad range of laser parameters. Laser processing like marking, drilling, cutting or advanced surface structuring are using lasers with less than a micro‐ down to femtosecond pulse durations and pulse energies from micro‐ to millijoule. Process speed is driven by the laser's repetition rate covering the range from single pulse up to megahertz rates. The variety of laser parameters motivates for flexible laser system architectures in which optical amplifiers play a core role in scaling the lasers pulse energy. This article will give an overview of optical amplifier technologies and concepts for a flexible configuration of laser parameters.
Tuning for Resonances
Authors: Gomez Luis F. , Sperling Jaroslaw 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDue to a very distinct spectrum of resonant frequencies, the characterization of optical microcavities calls for widely tunable sources of continuous wave laser light, offering suitably narrow linewidths and single‐mode operation over the entire tuning range. This is why external cavity diode lasers, which allow for mode‐hop free wavelength tuning, often over more than a hundred nanometers, have matured to a fundamental tool of the optical microresonator research apparatus.
Resting‐state frontostriatal functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease–related apathy
Authors: Baggio Hugo Cesar , Segura Bàrbara , Garrido‐Millan Jose Luis , Marti Maria‐José , Compta Yaroslau , Valldeoriola Francesc , Tolosa Eduardo , Junque Carme 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOne of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is apathy, affecting between 23% and 70% of patients and thought to be related to frontostriatal dopamine deficits. In the current study, we assessed functional resting‐state frontostriatal connectivity and structural changes associated with the presence of apathy in a large sample of PD subjects and healthy controls, while controlling for the presence of comorbid depression and cognitive decline. Thirty‐one healthy controls (HC) and 62 age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched PD patients underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Apathy symptoms were evaluated with the Apathy Scale (AS). The 11 Beck Depression Inventory‐II items that measure dysphoric mood symptoms as well as relevant neuropsychological scores were used as nuisance factors in connectivity analyses. Voxel‐wise analyses of functional connectivity between frontal lobes (limbic, executive, rostral motor, and caudal motor regions), striata (limbic, executive, sensorimotor regions), and thalami were performed. Subcortical volumetry/shape analysis and fronto‐subcortical voxel‐based morphometry were performed to assess associated structural changes. Twenty‐five PD patients were classified as apathetic (AS > 13). Apathetic PD patients showed functional connectivity reductions compared with HC and with non‐apathetic patients, mainly in left‐sided circuits, and predominantly involving limbic striatal and frontal territories. Similarly, severity of apathy negatively correlated with connectivity in these circuits. No significant effects were found in structural analyses. Our results indicate that the presence of apathy in PD is associated with functional connectivity reductions in frontostriatal circuits, predominating in the left hemisphere and mainly involving its limbic components. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Accelerated five‐dimensional echo planar J‐resolved spectroscopic imaging: Implementation and pilot validation in human brain
Authors: Wilson Neil E. , Iqbal Zohaib , Burns Brian L. , Keller Margaret , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: January 2015

PurposeTo implement an accelerated five‐dimensional (5D) echo‐planar J‐resolved spectroscopic imaging sequence combining 3 spatial and 2 spectral encoding dimensions and to apply the sequence in human brain.MethodsAn echo planar readout was used to acquire a single spatial and a single spectral dimension during one readout. Nonuniform sampling was applied to the two phase‐encoded spatial directions and the indirect spectral dimension. Nonlinear reconstruction was used to minimize the
‐norm or the total variation and included a spectral mask to enhance sparsity. Retrospective reconstructions at multiple undersamplings were performed in phantom. Ten healthy volunteers were scanned with 8× undersampling and compared to a fully sampled single slice scan.ResultsRetrospective reconstruction of fully sampled phantom data showed excellent quality at 4×, 8×, 12×, and 16× undersampling using either reconstruction method. Reconstruction of prospectively acquired in vivo scans with 8× undersampling showed excellent quality in the occipito‐parietal lobes and good quality in the frontal lobe, consistent with the fully sampled single slice scan.ConclusionBy utilizing nonuniform sampling with nonlinear reconstruction, 2D J‐resolved spectra can be acquired over a 3D spatial volume with a total scan time of 20 min, which is reasonable for in vivo studies. Magn Reson Med 75:42–51, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Normative biometrics for fetal ocular growth using volumetric MRI reconstruction
Authors: Velasco‐Annis Clemente , Gholipour Ali , Afacan Onur , Prabhu Sanjay P. , Estroff Judy A. , Warfield Simon K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine normative ranges for fetal ocular biometrics between 19 and 38 weeks gestational age (GA) using volumetric MRI reconstruction.MethodThe 3D images of 114 healthy fetuses between 19 and 38 weeks GA were created using super‐resolution volume reconstructions from MRI slice acquisitions. These 3D images were semi‐automatically segmented to measure fetal orbit volume, binocular distance (BOD), interocular distance (IOD), and ocular diameter (OD).ResultsAll biometry correlated with GA (Volume, Pearson's correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.9680; BOD, CC = 0.9552; OD, CC = 0.9445; and IOD, CC = 0.8429), and growth curves were plotted against linear and quadratic growth models. Regression analysis showed quadratic models to best fit BOD, IOD, and OD and a linear model to best fit volume.ConclusionOrbital volume had the greatest correlation with GA, although BOD and OD also showed strong correlation. The normative data found in this study may be helpful for the detection of congenital fetal anomalies with more consistent measurements than are currently available. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying interface states and bulk defects in high‐efficiency solution‐processed small‐molecule solar cells by impedance and capacitance characteristics
Authors: Brus Viktor V. , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Maryanchuk Pavlo D. , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe AC properties of high‐efficiency (η = 8.01% under standard 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 illumination) small‐molecule bulk heterojunction (SM BHJ) solar cells (p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2/PC70BM) at different DC biases and frequencies of small amplitude (±10 mV) AC signal in the dark at room temperature were investigated in details. We showed the presence of interface states at the heterojunction interface and determined their parameters from the analysis of spectral distributions of real and imaginary components of the measured impedance. The dielectric constant of BHJ εBHJ = 2.9 was determined from the geometrical capacitance of totally depleted BHJ layer. We explained quantitatively the effect of interface states and series resistance on the measured C‐V characteristics of the SM BHJ solar cells at both low and high frequencies. The quantitative value of the density of defect states in the bulk N = 1.05 × 1016 cm−3 was determined from the high frequency C‐V characteristic corrected by the effect of the series resistance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of New Organically Templated Beryllium Phosphite and Phosphate with 3,4‐connected Networks
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Meng , Li Jin‐Hua , Wang Guo‐Ming , Zhang Xiao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTwo organically templated beryllium phosphite and phosphate, [H2tmpda][Be3(HPO3)4] (1) and [H2ampy][Be3(HPO4)4] (2) [tmpda = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐propanediamine, ampy = 3‐(aminomethyl)pyridine], were synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 exhibits a (3,4)‐connected layered structure with eight‐ring windows, and it has a 44 grid topology by regarding the heptameric [Be3(HPO3)4] group as a 4‐connected node in the layer. Compound 2 possesses a different (3,4)‐connected three‐dimensional framework with multidirectional 8‐ring channels and zigzag 12‐ring channels. This 3D architecture shows a pcu topology when the heptameric [Be3(HPO4)4] groups are regarded as 6‐connected secondary building units. Crystal data: 1, monoclinic, P21/m, a = 8.0217(6) Å, b = 13.7969(5) Å, c = 8.6581(2) Å, β = 92.315(3)°, V = 957.45(8) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0761, wR2 = 0.1640; 2, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 7.5292(5) Å, b = 14.0999(8) Å, c = 16.5910(3) Å, β = 95.740(3)°, V = 1752.49(16) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0434, wR2 = 0.1017.
The Electrophilic Character of Bunsen's Cacodyl Disulfide, Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2, Towards Some Nucleophiles of Groups 15 and 16
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V. , Vachliotis Dimitris G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe reactivity of Bunsen's cacodyl disulfide, Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2, towards nitrogen, phosphorus(III), oxygen and sulfur(II) nucleophiles was evaluated with the aim at identifying its electrophilic atom. The nitrogen nucleophiles either did not react or bind or split the disulfide. All phosphorus(III) nucleophiles desulfurized it. Water, methanol and phenol did not react but thiophenol reacted giving an equilibrated system. The anions MeO–, PhO– and PhS– split the disulfide. From the results obtained it seems that the arsenic and sulfur of the As = S group are the most likely electrophilic atoms depending on the nature of the nucleophile, the AsIII being much less reactive in the presence of As=S.
The stability–complexity relationship at age 40: a random matrix perspective
Authors: Allesina Stefano , Tang Si 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSince the work of Robert May in 1972, the local asymptotic stability of large ecological systems has been a focus of theoretical ecology. Here we review May's work in the light of random matrix theory, the field of mathematics devoted to the study of large matrices whose coefficients are randomly sampled from distributions with given characteristics. We show how May's celebrated “stability criterion” can be derived using random matrix theory, and how extensions of the so‐called circular law for the limiting distribution of the eigenvalues of large random matrix can further our understanding of ecological systems. Our goal is to present the more technical material in an accessible way, and to provide pointers to the primary mathematical literature on this subject. We conclude by enumerating a number of challenges, whose solution is going to greatly improve our ability to predict the stability of large ecological networks.
Are Australasian Genetic Counselors Interested in Private Practice at the Primary Care Level of Health Service?
Authors: Sane Vrunda , Humphreys Linda , Peterson Madelyn 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study explored the perceived interest in development of private genetic counseling services in collaboration with primary care physicians in the Australasian setting by online survey of members of the Australasian Society of Genetic Counselors. Four hypothetical private practice models of professional collaboration between genetic counselors and primary care physicians or clinical geneticists were proposed to gauge interest and enthusiasm of ASGC members for this type of professional development. Perceived barriers and facilitators were also evaluated. 78 completed responses were included for analysis. The majority of participants (84.6 %) showed a positive degree of interest and enthusiasm towards potential for clinical work in private practice. All proposed practice models yielded a positive degree of interest from participants. Model 4 (the only model of collaboration with a clinical geneticist rather than primary care physician) was the clearly preferred option (mean = 4.26/5), followed by Model 2 (collaboration with a single primary care practice) (mean = 4.09/5), Model 3 (collaboration with multiple primary care clinics, multidisciplinary clinic or specialty clinic) (mean = 3.77/5) and finally, Model 1 (mean = 3.61/5), which was the most independent model of practice. When participants ranked the options in the order of preference, Model 4 remained the most popular first preference (44.6 %), followed by model 2 (21.6 %), model 3 (18.9 %) and model 1 was again least popular (10.8 %). There was no significant statistical correlation between demographic characteristics (age bracket, years of work experience, current level of work autonomy) and participants’ preference for private practice models. Support from clinical genetics colleagues and the professional society was highly rated as a facilitator and, conversely, lack of such support as a significant barrier.
Rural-to-Urban Migration and Changes in Health Among Young Adults in Thailand
Authors: Nauman Elizabeth , VanLandingham Mark , Anglewicz Philip , Patthavanit Umaporn , Punpuing Sureeporn 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We investigate the impacts of rural-to-urban migration on the health of young adult migrants. A key methodological challenge involves the potentially confounding effects of selection on the relationship between migration and health. Our study addresses this challenge in two ways. To control for potential effects of prior health status on post-migration health outcomes, we employ a longitudinal approach. To control for static unobserved characteristics that can affect migration propensity as well as health outcomes, we use fixed-effects analyses. Data were collected in 2005 and 2007 for a cohort of young adults in rural Kanchanaburi province, western Thailand. The migrant sample includes individuals who subsequently moved to urban destinations where they were reinterviewed in 2007. Return migrants were interviewed in rural Kanchanaburi in both years but moved to an urban area and returned in the meantime. A rural comparison group comprises respondents who remained in the origin villages. An urban comparison sample includes longer-term residents of the urban destination communities. Physical and mental health measures are based on the SF-36 health survey. Findings support the “healthy migrant hypothesis.” Migrants are physically healthier than their nonmigrant counterparts both before and after moving to the city. We did not find an effect of migration on physical health. Rural-to-urban migrants who stayed at destination experienced a significant improvement in mental health status. Fixed-effects analyses indicate that rural-to-urban migration positively affects mental health. Return migrants do not fare as well as migrants who stayed at destination on both physical and mental health status—evidence of selective return migration.