bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La critique littéraire a-t-elle besoin du concept de vérité ?
Authors: Virvidakis Stelios 
Published: October 2013

Dans cet article, je me pose la question de l’emploi du concept de vérité par la critique littéraire et je me concentre sur la théorie : « pas de vérité en littérature », élaborée par Peter Lamarque et Stein Haughom Olsen. Je tâche de développer et d’approfondir certaines critiques de leurs thèses et arguments, afin d’en proposer une évaluation d’ensemble. Je conclus que le problème principal avec Lamarque et Olsen est qu’ils veulent exclure toute considération de vérité en littérature — endossant ainsi une conception de la création littéraire plus ou moins expressiviste — tout en sauvegardant la reconnaissance de la vérité de nos croyances concernant une série de notions de ce qui est d’intérêt humain et des valeurs universelles non formelles. Leur approche risque ainsi de sombrer dans l’incohérence.
Identités psychophysiques et inférence à la meilleure explication
Authors: Drapeau Vieira Contim Filipe , Ludwig Pascal 
Published: October 2013

La plupart des théoriciens de l’identité des types souscrivent à un physicalisme a posteriori à l’égard des propriétés phénoménales. Selon cette conception, les énoncés d’identité esprit/cerveau peuvent être justifiés par une inférence à la meilleure explication (IME) partant du fait empirique des corrélations esprit/cerveau. Nous soutenons que la théorie de l’identité ne peut pas s’appuyer sur cette méthodologie abductive. Nous montrons tout d’abord que l’on ne peut pas justifier les énoncés d’identité esprit/cerveau au moyen d’une IME partant des corrélations esprit/cerveau car cette stratégie conduit à un dilemme : ou bien les corrélations ne sont pas desexplananda, ou bien les identités esprit/cerveau doivent être admises comme des faits bruts au même titre que les lois dualistes. Nous montrons ensuite que ces énoncés d’identité peuvent être néanmoins justifiés par une IME partant du pouvoir causal des états phénoménaux. Cette seconde stratégie n’est toutefois d’aucune aide pour la forme a posteriori de théorie de l’identité ici discutée dans la mesure où elle débouche sur un physicalisme de type a priori.
Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV‐1‐diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Rodriguez‐Rodrigues Nahuel , Duran Adriana , Bouzas María Belen , Zapiola Ines , Vila Marcelo , Indyk Debbie , Bissio Emiliano , Salomon Horacio , Dilernia Dario A 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveOur objective was to estimate primary resistance in an urban setting in a developing country characterized by high antiretroviral (ARV) coverage over the diagnosed population and also by an important proportion of undiagnosed individuals, in order to determine whether any change in primary resistance occurred in the past five years.DesignWe carried out a multi‐site resistance surveillance study according to WHO HIV resistance guidelines, using a weighted sampling technique based on annual HIV case reports per site.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 197 drug‐naive HIV‐1‐infected individuals diagnosed between March 2010 and August 2011 at 20 HIV voluntary counselling and testing centres in Buenos Aires. Clinical records of enrolled patients at the time of diagnosis were compiled. Viral load and CD4 counts were performed on all samples. The pol gene was sequenced and the resistance profile determined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbour‐joining (NJ) trees and bootscanning analysis.ResultsWe found that 12 (7.9%) of the 152 successfully sequenced samples harboured primary resistance mutations, of which K103N and G190A were the most prevalent. Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance mutations were largely the most prevalent (5.9%), accounting for 75% of all primary resistance and exhibiting a significant increase (p=0.0072) in prevalence during the past 10 years as compared to our previous study performed in 1997–2000 and in 2003–2005. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and protease inhibitor primary resistance were low and similar to the one previously reported.ConclusionsLevels of primary NNRTI resistance in Buenos Aires appear to be increasing in the context of a sustained ARV coverage and a high proportion of undiagnosed HIV‐positive individuals.
Atlantic Midshipman, Porichthys plectrodon, in North Carolina
Authors: Schwartz Frank J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA total of 2,910 Atlantic midshipman were collected, mainly by trawl, off North Carolina between 1911–2012. Only four were found in Pamlico Sound. Once abundant their numbers have declined after 1990 when ocean water temperatures changed from cool to warm. Today they are rarely caught or seen in North Carolina.
The Effect of Particle Sizes on Metal Accumulation in the Marine Sediments of Cape Town Harbour
Authors: Okoro Hussein K. , Fatoki Olalekan S. , Adekola Folahan A. , Ximba Bhekumusa J. , Snyman Reinette G. , Mdokwana Baxolele W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the elemental concentration in sediment samples collected from six locations in the Cape Town Harbour. The effect of size variation was considered determinant on metals accumulated in sediments. An Inductively coupled plasma-Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument was used for the analysis. The following metals were investigated Mn, Cr, V, Ni, Co, and As. The order of heavy metal concentration in sediments was Mn &gt; Cr &gt; V &gt; Ni &gt; Co &gt; As. Strong correlation was found between these metals (Mn and V in sizes &lt;75 and ≥150), (As and Co in size ≥150), (Ni and Cr in size ≥150 and &lt;75).
Dependence of Si/SnO2 Heterojunction Properties on Growth Temperature and Type of Silicon**
Authors: Maleki M. , Rozati Seyed M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline pure tin oxide thin films of tetragonal rutile structures are deposited on two kinds of single‐crystal and polycrystalline p‐type Si at three substrate temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 °C. Structural, electrical, and optical properties of these thin films are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), two‐point probe method, and UV‐vis spectrophotometry, respectively. I–V measurements of these heterojunctions show that the barrier height and series resistance will increase with increasing substrate temperature in single‐crystal Si, while in polycrystalline Si, they will decrease. These heterojunctions are found to be rectifying with a maximum forward‐to‐reverse current ratio of about 1000 in the applied voltage range −4 V to +4 V for single‐crystal Si/SnO2.
Preliminary electrochemical testing of some Zr–Ti alloys in 0.9% NaCl solution
Authors: Chelariu R. , Mareci D. , Munteanu C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the corrosion behaviour of three ZrTi alloys (denoted with Zr5Ti, Zr25Ti, and Zr45Ti) in 0.9% NaCl solution. For comparison, cp‐Ti was also investigated. In order to study the localized corrosion resistance and corrosion behavior at open circuit potential versus time, the open circuit potential (EOC) was recorded, and the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were made following the CPP tests. The Zr5Ti alloy was the most susceptible to localized corrosion. The Zr25Ti alloy presents a dangerous breakdown potential but have a sufficiently negative zero corrosion potential that the difference between them is sufficiently to provide a higher localized corrosion resistance in comparison with Zr5Ti. Among ZrTi alloys subjected to investigation, the Zr45Ti alloy had a much larger passive range in the polarization curve and was the most resistant to localized corrosion. For used test conditions, the localized corrosion was not found for the cp‐Ti. The EIS tests show that both investigated ZrTi alloys and cp‐Ti exhibit passivity after 168 h immersion in 0.9% NaCl solution, at open circuit potential.
Modeling cathodic shielding of sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems in seawater
Authors: Liu G. C. , Sun W. , Wang L. , Li Y. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo kinds of cathodic shielding phenomena of the sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems, which are caused by a metal barrier, were investigated by numerical simulations and experiments in this paper. The results show that if the cathode current is completely shielded by the barrier, one side of the barrier would act as the anode leading to the occurrence of serious corrosion, while the protected components and the other side of the barrier would act as cathode being protected. However, if the cathode current is only partially shielded, both the metal components and the barrier would act as cathodes. Furthermore, this non‐full shielding effect of the barrier would be weakening by decreasing the mass transfer resistance between the sacrificial anode and the cathodically protected component.
Preparation and corrosion protective properties of titania‐containing modified self‐assembled nanophase particle (TMSNAP) sol–gel on AA2024 aluminum alloy
Authors: Parsa M. , Hosseini S. M. A. , Jamalizadeh E. , Saheb V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new method of preparing water‐based sol–gel containing titania nanoparticles for the protection of aluminum alloy AA2024 against corrosion was presented and performance of the coating in Harrison's solution was studied. The coating was prepared using alkoxysilanes, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and in additional metal alkoxide, titanium(IV) tetrapropoxide (TPOT), as a source of titania particles. Poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) polymer was utilized to create cross‐linking and also to improve the coating quality. In addition, the molar ratios and amount of components and factors affecting performance were assessed to improve coating properties and its performance. Potentiodynamic scan (PDS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed to evaluate the corrosion protection performance of coatings. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate surface morphology. The stability of the best prepared coating and its corrosion protective effects on the alloy were evaluated in Harrison's solution up to 15 days. The results revealed that this new sol–gel coating provides significant protection against corrosion of the AA2024 alloy in Harrison's solution.
Materials and Corrosion 1/2013
Authors: Collins M. N. , Reid M. , Dalton E. , Shannon K. , Garfias‐Mesias L. F. 
Published: October 2013

Cover: Backscattered scanning electron microscopy cross sectional image of a Ni/NiPd/Au electronic connector after 10 days exposure to a Class III mixed flowing gas (MFG) corrosive atmosphere. This work was carried out at the Stokes Research Institute Laboratories, University of Limerick, Ireland with collaborators in Det Norske Veritas (U.S.A.), Inc and Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.Further details on the performance of various connector coatings can be found in: M. N. Collins, M. Reid, E. Dalton, K. Shannon, L. F. Garfias‐Mesias, Mixed flowing gas (MFG) corrosion of various connector coatings, Materials and Corrosion 2013, 64, 7.
Investigation of the flow behavior of wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 using layer compression and tensile tests
Authors: Behrens B.‐A. , Bouguecha A. , Huinink T. , Peshekhodov I. , Matthias T. , Moritz J. , Schrödter J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie Prozessauslegung von Umformprozessen wird durch Simulationssoftware unterstützt. Um realitätsnahe Simulationsergebnisse zu erhalten, müssen die verwendeten Werkstoffmodelle jedoch mit Hilfe einer umfangreichen Werkstoffcharakterisierung aufgebaut werden. Insbesondere Magnesiumknetlegierungen sind hierbei noch nicht ausreichend untersucht. Besonders die Aufnahmen von Fließkurven bis zu höheren Umformgraden stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Dies ist jedoch notwendig, um die charakteristischen Verfestigungs‐ und Entfestigungsvorgänge zu beschreiben, wie sie bei Magnesiumwerkstoffen unter Belastung auftreten. In diesem Beitrag wird hierzu als Lösungsansatz die Ermittlung einer kombinierten temperaturabhängigen Fließkurve aus dem Zug‐ und dem Schichtstauchversuch vorgestellt. Hierfür werden die entsprechenden Werte experimentell aufgenommen, ausgewertet und mit Hilfe eines Arbeitsansatzes verknüpft. Anschließend wird die Anwendbarkeit in einem kommerziellen Finite‐Elemente‐Programm untersucht.
Development and optimization of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the analysis of thermochemolytic degradation products of phthiocerol dimycocerosate waxes found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Nicoara Simona C. , Minnikin David E. , Lee Oona C. Y. , O'Sullivan Denise M. , McNerney Ruth , Pillinger Collin T. , Wright Ian P. , Morgan Geraint H. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEThe phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) are certain stable and hydrophobic waxes found in the cell membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacteria that cause an infectious disease of growing concern worldwide. Previous studies report the analysis of derivatives of the hydrolysed PDIMs from biological samples, following complex extraction and offline derivatization of PDIMs biomarkers, prior to their analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).METHODSWe developed and optimized a GC/MS method based on selected ion monitoring (SIM) to detect the derivatives produced via the thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM) of the PDIMs from the cell membrane of M. tuberculosis. The extraction of PDIMs from culture is simple, and their thermochemolysis is carried out automatically online, thus avoiding the time‐consuming derivatization steps of hydrolysis and esterification, usually performed offline.RESULTSFor standard PDIMs in petroleum ether, our optimized method gave an excellent linearity (R2 = 0.99) at concentrations between 0.172 and 27.5 ng/mL, a good precision (RSD = 11.42 %), and a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 pg/mL. For the PDIMs extracted from dilutions of M. tuberculosis culture, the method gave good linearity (R2 = 0.9685) and an estimated LOD of 400 CFU/mL (CFU = colony forming units) in sterile distilled water.CONCLUSIONSA GC/MS(SIM) method is presented for the rapid and quantitative detection of M. tuberculosis, based on the online thermochemolysis of lipidic biomarkers extracted from the bacterial culture. The method has the potential to be applied in human and veterinary clinical laboratories for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in infected biological samples. © 2013 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line triple oxygen isotope analysis of nitrous oxide using decomposition by microwave discharge
Authors: Mukotaka Arata , Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Naohiro , Well Reinhard 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEThe oxygen isotope anomaly, Δ17O, of N2O and nitrate is useful to elucidate nitrogen oxide dynamics. The previously developed method for Δ17O measurement presents difficulty in maintaining optimal conditions of the gold tube for thermal decomposition of N2O to O2 and the Δ17O value is also sample size dependent.METHODSTrace amounts (5–40 nmol) of N2O were decomposed quantitatively to O2 in a quartz tube by microwave discharge. The O2 was purified using gas chromatography. Triple oxygen isotopes were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Each step was connected online and was applied to the analysis of nitrate in precipitation samples collected in Yokohama, Japan.RESULTSPrecision (1σ) of Δ17O analysis was better than 0.26‰ when more than 20 nmol of N2O with a small Δ17O value (approx. 1‰) was measured. It was better than 0.76‰ when more than 60 nmol of nitrate was converted into N2O using the denitrifier method and then measured on the developed system. The obtained Δ17O values in precipitation samples (14.5–26.4‰) agreed with findings from previous studies.CONCLUSIONSA novel on‐line analytical method was developed to measure the triple oxygen isotopes of N2O using microwave discharge to decompose N2O. This easy‐to‐use method is free from conditioning of reaction devices, and is applicable to molecules other than N2O such as NO and NO2. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil denitrification potential and its influence on N2O reduction and N2O isotopomer ratios
Authors: Köster Jan Reent , Well Reinhard , Dittert Klaus , Giesemann Anette , Lewicka‐Szczebak Dominika , Mühling Karl‐Hermann , Herrmann Antje , Lammel Joachim , Senbayram Mehmet 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEN2O isotopomer ratios may provide a useful tool for studying N2O source processes in soils and may also help estimating N2O reduction to N2. However, remaining uncertainties about different processes and their characteristic isotope effects still hamper its application. We conducted two laboratory incubation experiments (i) to compare the denitrification potential and N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio of denitrification of various soil types from Northern Germany, and (ii) to investigate the effect of N2O reduction on the intramolecular 15N distribution of emitted N2O.METHODSThree contrasting soils (clay, loamy, and sandy soil) were amended with nitrate solution and incubated under N2‐free He atmosphere in a fully automated incubation system over 9 or 28 days in two experiments. N2O, N2, and CO2 release was quantified by online gas chromatography. In addition, the N2O isotopomer ratios were determined by isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and the net enrichment factors of the 15N site preference (SP) of the N2O‐to‐N2 reduction step (ηSP) were estimated using a Rayleigh model.RESULTSThe total denitrification rate was highest in clay soil and lowest in sandy soil. Surprisingly, the N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio in clay and loam soil was identical; however, it was significantly lower in sandy soil. The IRMS measurements revealed highest N2O SP values in clay soil and lowest SP values in sandy soil. The ηSP values of N2O reduction were between –8.2 and –6.1 ‰, and a significant relationship between δ18O and SP values was found.CONCLUSIONSBoth experiments showed that the N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio of denitrification is not solely controlled by the available carbon content of the soil or by the denitrification rate. Differences in N2O SP values could not be explained by variations in N2O reduction between soils, but rather originate from other processes involved in denitrification. The linear δ18O vs SP relationship may be indicative for N2O reduction; however, it deviates significantly from the findings of previous studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural analysis of 2‐arylidene‐1‐indanone derivatives by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Menezes José C. J. M. D. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Domingues M. Rosário M. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALE2‐arylidene‐4‐methoxy (or hydroxy)‐7‐methyl‐1‐indanone derivatives inspired from donepezil, the current drug used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), were studied for the first time by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Structurally, these arylidene‐indanone compounds are considered as cyclic analogues of chalcones.METHODSESI‐MS and tandem mass spectra were acquired using a Q‐TOF 2 instrument. Fragmentation patterns were analyzed by CID‐MS2–3 spectra acquired in a Q‐TOF and in LXQ linear ion trap mass spectrometers using standard isolation and excitation procedures.RESULTSAll the 2‐arylidene indanones have shown a common fragmentation pathway leading to a (21, 1')A+ product ion at m/z 187 and the retro‐aldol product ion [(2, 21)B+] that allow to establish the substitution in the B ring. The effect of electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents on these fragmentation pathways was noticed. The presence of the OCH3, OH, NO2 and Br substituents gave typical fragmentation processes that allowed their unequivocal fingerprinting. The combined loss of the ortho substituent in the B‐ring plus hydrogen (H, OCH3, Br and F) is proposed to form a stable cyclic ring product.CONCLUSIONSArylidene indanones with different substituents on the B ring are associated with a specific fragmentation pattern. In addition, differentiation between isomers with substituents in B ring at ortho and para positions were achieved using ESI‐MS/MS. These fragmentation pathways can be used to further identify and determine the fate of these molecules in all stages of drug discovery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐temperature mass spectrometric determinations of relative ionization cross‐sections of gaseous TiO, TiO2, VO, VO2, YO, HfO and GeO molecules
Authors: Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Emelyanova Ksenia A. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEAccurate values of electron ionization cross‐sections of high‐temperature vapor species are of importance in mass spectrometric investigations as well as in a variety of other fields. However, the present experimental techniques are subject to many inherent difficulties or are limited in applicability and so far have yielded relatively few reliable values. Theoretical calculations are not sufficiently accurate. So the need for experimental ionization cross‐section data for these species is very important.METHODSMeasurements were performed by high‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry with a MS‐1301 mass spectrometer. Vaporization was carried out using molybdenum effusion cells containing samples of pure Au, V2O3, Ti3O5, GeO2 and Y2O3‐HfO2 systems.RESULTSThe VO, VO2, TiO, TiO2, YO, HfO and GeO vapor species were identified over the samples studied. The partial pressures of Au and the oxides were measured by a complete isothermal vaporization method. The relative ionization cross‐sections σAu/σi were determined for the gaseous oxides studied. The results were compared with the literature data.CONCLUSIONSThe inapplicability of the 'additivity rule' is shown. This finding is in good agreement with a tendency to changing ionization cross‐sections in the Periodic Table row of gaseous M, МО and МО2 species. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructing a mass measurement error surface to improve automatic annotations in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based metabolomics
Authors: Shahaf Nir , Franceschi Pietro , Arapitsas Panagiotis , Rogachev Ilana , Vrhovsek Urska , Wehrens Ron 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEEstimation of mass measurement accuracy is an elementary step in the application of mass spectroscopy (MS) data towards metabolite annotations and has been addressed several times in the past. However, the reproducibility of mass measurements over a diverse set of analytes and in variable operating conditions, which are common in high‐throughput metabolomics studies, has, to the best of our knowledge, not been addressed so far.METHODSA method to automatically extract mass measurement errors from a large data set of measurements made on a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) MS instrument has been developed. The size of the data processed in this study has enabled us to use a statistical data driven approach to build a model which reliably predicts the confidence interval of the absolute mass measurement error based on individual ion peak conditions in a fast, high‐throughput manner.RESULTSWe show that our model predictions are reproducible in external datasets generated in similar, but not identical conditions, and have demonstrated the advantage of our approach over the common practice of fixed mass measurement error limits.CONCLUSIONSOutlined is an approach which can promote a more rational use of MS technology by automatically evaluating the absolute mass measurement error based on the individual peak conditions. The immediate application of our method is integration in high‐throughput peak annotation pipelines for database searches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.