bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The density and spatial arrangement of the invasive oyster Crassostrea gigas determines its impact on settlement of native oyster larvae
Authors: Wilkie Emma M. , Bishop Melanie J. , O'Connor Wayne A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnderstanding how the density and spatial arrangement of invaders is critical to developing management strategies of pest species. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has been translocated around the world for aquaculture and in many instances has established wild populations. Relative to other species of bivalve, it displays rapid suspension feeding, which may cause mortality of pelagic invertebrate larvae. We compared the effect on settlement of Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, larvae of manipulating the spatial arrangement and density of native S. glomerata, and non‐native C. gigas. We hypothesized that while manipulations of dead oysters would reveal the same positive relationship between attachment surface area and S. glomerata settlement between the two species, manipulations of live oysters would reveal differing density‐dependent effects between the native and non‐native oyster. In the field, whether oysters were live or dead, more larvae settled on C. gigas than S. glomerata when substrate was arranged in monospecific clumps. When, however, the two species were interspersed, there were no differences in larval settlement between them. By contrast, in aquaria simulating a higher effective oyster density, more larvae settled on live S. glomerata than C. gigas. When C. gigas was prevented from suspension feeding, settlement of larvae on C. gigas was enhanced. By contrast, settlement was similar between the two species when dead. While the presently low densities of the invasive oyster C. gigas may enhance S. glomerata larval settlement in east Australian estuaries, future increases in densities could produce negative impacts on native oyster settlement. Synthesis and applications: Our study has shown that both the spatial arrangement and density of invaders can influence their impact. Hence, management strategies aimed at preventing invasive populations reaching damaging sizes should not only consider the threshold density at which impacts exceed some acceptable limit, but also how patch formation modifies this.
An experimental heat wave changes immune defense and life history traits in a freshwater snail
Authors: Leicht Katja , Jokela Jukka , Seppälä Otto 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe predicted increase in frequency and severity of heat waves due to climate change is expected to alter disease dynamics by reducing hosts' ability to resist infections. This could take place via two different mechanisms: (1) through general reduction in hosts' performance under harsh environmental conditions and/or (2) through altered resource allocation that reduces expression of defense traits in order to maintain other traits. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring the effect of an experimental heat wave (25 vs. 15°C) on the constitutive level of immune defense (hemocyte concentration, phenoloxidase [PO]‐like activity, antibacterial activity of hemolymph), and life history traits (growth and number of oviposited eggs) of the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. We also manipulated the exposure time to high temperature (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11 days). We found that if the exposure to high temperature lasted <1 week, immune function was not affected. However, when the exposure lasted longer than that, the level of snails' immune function (hemocyte concentration and PO‐like activity) was reduced. Snails' growth and reproduction increased within the first week of exposure to high temperature. However, longer exposures did not lead to a further increase in cumulative reproductive output. Our results show that short experimental heat waves do not alter immune function but lead to plastic responses that increase snails' growth and reproduction. Thus, although the relative expression of traits changes, short experimental heat waves do not impair snails' defenses. Negative effects on performance get pronounced when the heat waves are prolonged suggesting that high performance cannot be maintained over long time periods. This ultimately reduces the levels of defense traits.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Salicylaldimine‐Based Diboron Complexes
Authors: Dhanunjayarao Kunchala , Mukundam Vanga , Ramesh Mamidala , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNew salicylaldimine‐based diboron complexes 1–3 have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis (1 and 3). The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these compounds have been investigated experimentally and with theoretical calculations; their properties suggest that these compounds could have potential applications for the manufacture of optoelectronic devices.
Data Dashboard as Evaluation and Research Communication Tool
Authors: Smith Veronica S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractData dashboards are visual displays that feature the most important information needed to achieve specific goals captured on a single screen. Effective dashboards should be designed as monitoring tools that are understood at a glance. Dashboards are useful tools because they can leverage visual perception to communicate dense amounts of data clearly and concisely. They are typically used in the communication phase of evaluation; however, in the case of analytical dashboards, they may also be used in the analysis phase. Strategic, analytical, and operational dashboards are different dashboard types used to meet different communication needs. This chapter highlights keys to realizing the potential of data dashboards by describing appropriate use, effective practices for designing and creating these tools, how to evaluate dashboards, and software that can be used to create dashboards. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The Contrasting Effects of Coaching Style on Task Performance: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Task Complexity and Self‐Set Goal
Authors: Hui Ray Tak‐yin , Sue‐Chan Christina , Wood Robert E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe effects of two coaching styles, one guidance and one facilitation, on the performance of coached and transfer tasks were examined in an experimental study. With the aim of improving and enhancing individual performance, guidance coaching entails the coach as a role model, delivering clear expectations and feedback about how to improve in a directive manner, while facilitation coaching involves the coach's helping the individual to explore and evaluate the task and self‐developing the correct responses for improving performance. Tests of the mediating effects of self‐set goals, which are defined as desired levels of performance to be attained on a task, and subjective task complexity, which is defined as an individual's perception of the complexity of a task, on the coaching style–performance relationship were also conducted. Participants (n= 127) were coached in the use of two software programs, PowerPoint and Excel 2007. The results showed that guidance coaching is more effective for improving coached task performance than facilitation coaching, while facilitation coaching is more effective for improving transfer task performance than guidance coaching. Subjective task complexity and self‐set performance goals mediated the effects of coaching style on the performance of both coached and transfer tasks. Implications for theory and managerial practice are discussed.
Invited Reaction: The Contrasting Effects of Coaching Style on Task Performance: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Task Complexity and Self‐Set Goal
Authors: Kim Sewon , Egan Toby 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough part of managerial development and practice for some time, managerial coaching is an emerging area of research. Given the relative lack of empirical research, the study by Hui, Sue‐Chan, and Wood in this issue of HRDQ contributes to our understanding of the influence of coaching style on in‐role performance, and presents a mediating mechanism. Using the sample of 127 participants, this study used an experimental design to examine the impact of two different coaching styles (guidance and facilitation) on two different types of task performance (coached task and transfer task). Mediating roles of two cognitive variables (subjective task complexity and self‐set goal) also have been explored. The approach taken by Hui et al. led to interesting findings and insights toward fruitful prospective studies in this underresearched topic area. Concurrently, the sampling frame utilized and other limitations offered by the authors present opportunities for future exploration in other organizational contexts.
Victim Gender, Number of Perpetrators, and Interpersonal Interaction in Stranger Rape: An Analysis of Direct and Moderator Effects
Authors: Lundrigan Samantha 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study examined the direct and moderator effects of number of perpetrators and gender of victim on interpersonal behaviour in stranger rape. Crime scene behaviours representative of hostility, involvement, control, and offender penetration in rape were examined for 496 UK, police‐recorded cases of stranger rape. Cases were grouped according to victim gender (male or female) and number of perpetrators (lone or multiple). This resulted in four groups (lone female, lone male, multiple female, and multiple male) with 124 cases in each. Binary logistic regression and one‐way analysis of variance were used to investigate the relationships between the two predictor variables and 11 criterion variables.Significant direct effects of number of perpetrators were found whereby multiple perpetrator offences were more likely to involve violence and less likely to involve involvement interactions than lone perpetrator offences. Significant direct effects of victim gender were also found whereby male victims were more likely than female victims to experience hostile interactions and be threatened with a weapon and were less likely to experience offender penetration and involvement interactions. Significant crossover interactions were also found for four hostility variables. The utility of the findings are discussed in relation to crime prevention, victim support, and offender intervention. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dorsal hump morphology in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)
Authors: Susuki Kenta , Ichimura Masaki , Koshino Yosuke , Kaeriyama Masahide , Takagi Yasuaki , Adachi Shinji , Kudo Hideaki 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTMature male Pacific salmon (Genus Oncorhynchus) develop a dorsal hump, as a secondary male sexual characteristic, during the spawning period. Previous gross anatomical studies have indicated that the dorsal humps of salmon are mainly composed of cartilaginous tissue (Davidson [1935] J Morphol 57:169–183.) However, the histological and biochemical characteristics of such humps are poorly understood. In this study, the detailed microstructures and components of the dorsal humps of pink salmon were analyzed using histochemical techniques and electrophoresis. In mature males, free interneural spines and neural spines were located in a line near to the median septum of the dorsal hump. No cartilaginous tissue was detected within the dorsal hump. Fibrous and mucous connective tissues were mainly found in three regions of the dorsal hump: i) the median septum, ii) the distal region, and iii) the crescent‐shaped region. Both the median septum and distal region consisted of connective tissue with a high water content, which contained elastic fibers and hyaluronic acid. It was also demonstrated that the lipid content of the dorsal hump connective tissue was markedly decreased in the mature males compared with the immature and maturing males. Although, the crescent‐shaped region of the hump consisted of connective tissue, it did not contain elastic fibers, hyaluronic acid, or lipids. In an ultrastructural examination, it was found that all of the connective tissues in the dorsal hump were composed of collagen fibers. Gel electrophoresis of collagen extracts from these tissues found that the collagen in the dorsal hump is composed of Type I collagen, as is the case in salmon skin. These results indicate that in male pink salmon the dorsal hump is formed as a result of an increase in the amount of connective tissue, rather than cartilage, and the growth of free interneural spines and neural spines. J. Morphol. 275:514–527, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charcoal in Amazonian paddy soil—Nutrient availability, rice growth and methane emissions
Authors: Barbosa de Sousa Áurea Maria , Soares Santos Raimundo Reginaldo , Gehring Christoph 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe investigated the effects of charcoal under flooded (anoxic) rice cultivation at low and high fertilizer levels during 2 y in the Maranhão lowlands, eastern periphery of Amazonia. Two applications (at onset of first and second year) of 15 Mg ha–1 of fine (< 2 mm) charcoal derived from the endocarp of the babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart.) palm nut had little influence on soil fertility, rice growth, yield, and nutritional status. Exception to this were negative impacts of charcoal on first‐year N availability, with lower sub‐superficial soil NH$ _4^+ $ availability paired with lower rice tissue N and a responsiveness of grain yields to (mainly N‐) fertilization following charcoal application. This N‐limitation effect was, however, limited to the first year and—though statistically significant—without agronomic relevance. The most consistent charcoal effect on flooded‐soil fertility was the strong increase in K availability in the second year, at low and to a lesser extent at intermediate, but not at high fertilizer level. Low K concentrations of our charcoal exclude the possibility of direct K inputs via charcoal, suggesting other indirect mechanisms for K availability increases. Methane fluxes in the second year were significantly reduced (–43.8%) by charcoal application, charcoal‐induced reductions were stronger under high‐ (–47.3%) than under low‐fertilizer regime (–26.0%). Thus, charcoal could be a valuable tool for reducing methane emissions associated with intensely fertilized flooded rice, without significantly affecting grain yields.
Integrating Muslim Customer Perceived Value, Satisfaction, Loyalty and Retention in the Tourism Industry: An empirical study
Authors: Eid Riyad 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn recent years, customer value has been the favorable theme for numerous tourism studies and reports. However, although Muslims make up one of the largest tourist markets in the world, perceived value of tourism offering oriented toward this market has not been clearly defined. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic empirical evidence regarding the effects of Muslim Customer Perceived Value (MCPV) on consumer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify the MCPV dimensions, to examine the interrelationships between MCPV, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and Muslim customer retention, and to develop and test a conceptual model of the consequences of MCPV in the tourism industry. Moreover, 13 hypotheses were developed and tested using a sample of 221 Muslim tourists. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the validity of the measures, while the structural equation modeling has been used in hypotheses testing. The strength of the relationship between the constructs indicates that features of the suggested MCPV model are crucial to achieving Muslim customer retention in the tourism industry. Findings also suggest that the availability of the suggested Islamic attributes value, along with conventional value dimensions, could satisfy Muslim tourists when they buy a tourism package. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of SO2 on oxidation of metallic materials in CO2/H2O‐rich gases relevant to oxyfuel environments
Authors: Huczkowski P. , Olszewski T. , Schiek M. , Lutz B. , Holcomb G.R. , Shemet V. , Nowak W. , Meier G.H. , Singheiser L. , Quadakkers W.J. 
Published: December 2013

In an oxyfuel plant, heat exchanging metallic components will be exposed to a flue gas that contains substantially higher contents of CO2, water vapor, and SO2 than conventional flue gases. In the present study, the oxidation behavior of the martensitic steel P92 was studied in CO2‐ and/or H2O‐rich gas mixtures with and without addition of SO2. For this purpose, the corrosion of P92 at 550 °C up to 1000 h in Ar–H2O–SO2, Ar–CO2–SO2, Ar–CO2–O2–SO2 and simulated oxyfuel gas (Ar–CO2–H2O–O2–SO2) was compared with the behavior in selected SO2‐free gases. The oxidation kinetics were estimated by a number of methods such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy and wave length dispersive X‐ray analysis, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction as well as transmission electron microscopy.The experimental results revealed that the effect of SO2 addition on the materials behavior substantially differed, depending on the prevailing base gas atmosphere. The various types of corrosion attack affected by SO2 could not be explained by solely comparing equilibrium activities of the gas atmospheres with thermodynamic stabilities of possible corrosion products. The results were found to be strongly affected by relative rates of reactions of the various gas species occurring within the frequently porous corrosion scales as well as at the scale/gas‐ and scale/alloy interfaces. Whereas SO2 addition to Ar–CO2 resulted in formation of an external mixed oxide/sulfide layer, the presence of SO2 in oxyfuel gas and in Ar–H2O–SO2 resulted in Fe‐sulfide formation near the interface between inner and outer oxide layer as well as Cr‐sulfide formation in the alloy. In the latter gases, the presence of SO2 seemed to have no dramatic effect on oxide scale growth rates.
Performance of marine and offshore paint systems: Correlation of accelerated corrosion tests and field exposure on operating ships
Authors: LeBozec N. , Thierry D. , Le Calvé P. , Favennec C. , Pautasso J.‐P. , Hubert C. 
Published: December 2013

Corrosion resistance is an important property requirement for marine paint systems used in naval industry such as for ship's topsides and superstructures, which obliges testing the coating performance in order to make a durable selection of the paint systems. This can be achieved by performing laboratory accelerated corrosion tests recommended for C5M corrosivity class (in particular the standard neutral salt spray test ISO 9227 or the cyclic corrosion test ISO 20340‐Annex A) which give results in a rather short delay (up to 6 months) compared to field exposures in marine atmospheres (several years). It is however well known that these tests may not be fully representative of real ship environmental conditions.The aims of the present study were thus to compare and estimate the correlation of various accelerated corrosion tests including standardized tests (ISO 9227, ISO 20340, ISO 16701) and newly developed test conditions to field exposures on worldwide operating ships (container carrier vessel and oceanographic ship) and on conventional static marine atmospheric sites (C5M). Fifteen different marine paint systems commonly used for offshore and naval application were selected for the study. From the results, the exposure conditions on the container vessel were the most aggressive ones compared to static exposures after 2 years. The best correlation to such field exposure was observed using the cyclic test ISO 16701 with a deviation inferior to 25%, an acceleration factor of 4 and comparable corrosion aspect. If all testing conditions involving NaCl 5 wt% (including ISO 20340) showed a superior acceleration factor (e.g., about 12), a larger deviation (50%) was however found indicating that these tests did not accelerate the corrosion degradation of the paint systems similarly to field exposures. In addition, conditions for an optimization of ISO 20340 annex A test were found.
Surface‐Initiated RAFT/MADIX Polymerization on Xanthate‐Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Wilczewska Agnieszka Z. , Markiewicz Karolina H. 
Published: December 2013

A new strategy for the preparation of magnetite/silica/(co)polymer core/shell nanoparticles is described. The reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer/macromolecular design via interchange of xanthates (RAFT/MADIX) polymerization agent — xanthate/dithiocarbonate — is covalently anchored to the aminosilica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles surface by its R‐group. Subsequently, polymerization and copolymerization of vinyl monomers on such synthesized structures are carried out. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, and transmission electron micro­scopy (TEM) are employed to confirm the grafting and study the chemical composition of the obtained structures.
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The Influence of RAFT on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of Photopolymerized Poly(butyl acrylate) Networks
Authors: Henkel Rouven , Vana Philipp 
Published: December 2013

Statistical networks of butyl acrylate and 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate are photopolymerized in bulk, both in the presence and absence of the RAFT agent EPHT. The amounts of crosslinker and RAFT agent are varied. The Young's moduli of the RAFT networks are always lower than those of conventionally obtained networks. With increasing amounts of RAFT agent, the Young's modulus decreases and the strain at break values increase, respectively. The network density, the apparent molar mass of the network chains and the swelling show significant differences between RAFT‐ and conventionally obtained networks. The degree of swelling and the amount of extractable polymer increase largely with the amount of RAFT agent. Kinetic DSC measurements show that the gel point is delayed with increasing amounts of RAFT agent. In addition, a rate retardation effect with increasing RAFT agent concentration is observed.
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PCLR: Phase‐constrained low‐rank model for compressive diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Gao Hao , Li Longchuan , Zhang Kai , Zhou Weifeng , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: December 2013

PurposeThis work develops a compressive sensing approach for diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI.Theory and MethodsA phase‐constrained low‐rank (PCLR) approach was developed using the image coherence across the DW directions for efficient compressive DW MRI, while accounting for drastic phase changes across the DW directions, possibly as a result of eddy current, and rigid and nonrigid motions. In PCLR, a low‐resolution phase estimation was used for removing phase inconsistency between DW directions. In our implementation, GRAPPA (generalized autocalibrating partial parallel acquisition) was incorporated for better phase estimation while allowing higher undersampling factor. An efficient and easy‐to‐implement image reconstruction algorithm, consisting mainly of partial Fourier update and singular value decomposition, was developed for solving PCLR.ResultsThe error measures based on diffusion‐tensor‐derived metrics and tractography indicated that PCLR, with its joint reconstruction of all DW images using the image coherence, outperformed the frame‐independent reconstruction through zero‐padding FFT. Furthermore, using GRAPPA for phase estimation, PCLR readily achieved a four‐fold undersampling.ConclusionThe PCLR is developed and demonstrated for compressive DW MRI. A four‐fold reduction in k‐space sampling could be readily achieved without substantial degradation of reconstructed images and diffusion tensor measures, making it possible to significantly reduce the data acquisition in DW MRI and/or improve spatial and angular resolutions. Magn Reson Med 72:1330–1341, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.