bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Profiling of Inflammatory Cytokines and C‐reactive Protein during Uncomplicated and Preterm Pregnancy
Authors: Ferguson Kelly K. , McElrath Thomas F. , Chen Yin‐Hsiu , Mukherjee Bhramar , Meeker John D. 
Published: May 2014

ProblemPrevious studies have investigated the utility of inflammation markers as predictors of preterm birth, but none have compared trends in levels between uncomplicated and preterm pregnancy.Method of studyWe explored longitudinal changes in plasma cytokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α, as well as C‐reactive protein in pregnant women from a nested case–control study.ResultsIL‐6 was associated with increased odds of spontaneous preterm birth, defined by presentation of spontaneous preterm labor and/or preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Associations were strongest later in pregnancy. IL‐10 was associated with increased odds of placentally mediated preterm birth, defined by presentation with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction, and odds ratios were also highest near the end of pregnancy.ConclusionMaternal inflammation markers were associated with increased risk of preterm birth, and relationships differed by etiology of preterm delivery and gestational age at sample collection.
Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Affects Systemic and Kidney Immune Cell Populations in Pregnant Rats
Authors: Spaans Floor , Melgert Barbro N. , Borghuis Theo , Klok Pieter A. , de Vos Paul , Bakker Winston W. , van Goor Harry , Faas Marijke M. 
Published: May 2014

ProblemChanges in the systemic immune response are found in preeclampsia. This may be related to high extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The question arose whether ATP could affect immune responses in pregnancy. Previously, we investigated whether ATP affected monocyte activation and subpopulations. Here, we investigated ATP‐induced changes in other immune cell populations in pregnant rats, systemically and in the kidney, an affected organ in preeclampsia.Method of studyUsing flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry, blood and kidney leukocytes were studied in pregnant and non‐pregnant rats at different intervals after ATP or saline infusion.ResultsAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion induced increased peripheral blood non‐classical monocytes and decreased T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant rats only, higher glomerular macrophage and T lymphocyte numbers in non‐pregnant animals 1 day after infusion, and higher glomerular macrophage numbers in pregnant rats 6 days after infusion.ConclusionAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion in pregnant rats induced a pregnancy‐specific inflammatory response. Increased ATP levels could potentially contribute to development of the inflammatory response of preeclampsia.
Fetal scalp blood sampling in labor – a review
Authors: Jørgensen Jan S. , Weber Tom 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDuring the 1970s and 1980s, electronic fetal monitoring and fetal scalp blood sampling were introduced without robust evidence. With a methodical review of the published literature, and using one randomized controlled trial, seven controlled studies, nine randomized studies of various surveillance methods and data from the Danish National Birth Registry, we have assessed the usefulness of fetal scalp blood sampling as a complementary tool to improve the specificity and sensitivity of electronic cardiotocography. Based on heterogeneous studies of modest quality with somewhat inconsistent results, we conclude that fetal scalp blood sampling in conjunction with cardiotocography can reduce the risk of operative delivery. Fetal scalp blood sampling can provide additional information on fetal wellbeing and fetal reserves at a time before decisions are made concerning the need for and timing of operative delivery and the choice of anesthesia, and be an adjunct in the interpretation of cardiotocography patterns.
Discrepancy in term calculation from second trimester ultrasound scan versus last menstrual period in women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Eidem Ingvild , Vangen Siri , Henriksen Tore , Vollset Stein E. , Hanssen Kristian F. , Joner Geir , Stene Lars C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo study differences in ultrasound‐based compared to menstrual‐based term estimation in women with type 1 diabetes.DesignNationwide register study.SettingNorway.PopulationDeliveries in Norway 1999–2004 by women registered in the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (n = 342) and the background population (n = 307 248), with data on both ultrasound‐based and menstrual‐based gestational age notified in the Birth Registry of Norway. Births with major malformations were excluded.MethodsLinkage of two nationwide registries, the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry.Main outcome measuresEstimated gestational age at delivery based on routine second trimester ultrasound measurements and last menstrual period.ResultsIn women with type 1 diabetes, the distribution of gestational age at delivery was shifted considerably towards a lower gestational age when using second trimester ultrasound data for estimation, compared with last menstrual period data. The difference between the two estimation methods was larger among women with type 1 diabetes, although also evident in the general population. One in four women with diabetes and a certain last menstrual period date had their ultrasound‐calculated term postponed 1 week or more, while one in 10 had it postponed 2 weeks or more. Corresponding numbers in the background population were one in five and one in 20.ConclusionsWe found a systematic postponement of ultrasound‐based compared with menstrual‐based term estimation in women with type 1 diabetes. Relying solely on routine ultrasound‐based term calculation for delivery decision may imply a risk of going beyond an optimal pregnancy length.
Adverse Drug Reactions Causing Hospital Admissions in Childhood: A Prospective, Observational, Single‐Centre Study
Authors: Langerová Petra , Vrtal Jiří , Urbánek Karel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common problems in both paediatric and adult medicine. The aim of this study was to prospectively identify the ADRs causing hospital admission of children and identification of the risk factors and involved drugs. The study was performed at the University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic. All patients aged 19 years or under admitted to hospital were included in the study, and all admissions for ADRs were prospectively screened for a period of 9 months. Suspected ADRs were subsequently evaluated in detail, and causality assessment was undertaken to determine whether each suspected reaction was possible, probable or definite. The assessment of ADR causality was performed using the Naranjo algorithm, the Liverpool ADR Causality Assessment Tool and the Edwards and Aronson causality assessment method. During the study period, 2903 admissions were identified; of these, there were 143 admissions of patients with an oncological disease. Sixty‐four admissions (2.2%) were caused by an ADR. Anticancer chemotherapy accounted for 35% of the cases, followed by antibiotics (18%), immunosuppressants and vaccines (9% each). The use of different scoring systems does not lead to the differences in the numbers of ADR‐diagnosed patient but may result in differences in the determination of the level of certainty. ADRs cause a substantial proportion of children's hospital admissions. The majority of the ADR‐diagnosed patient affected the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems; the drugs most frequently involved were cytotoxic agents and antibiotics. The most important risk factors identified were female sex and oncological disease.
Child welfare inequalities: new evidence, further questions
Authors: Bywaters Paul , Brady Geraldine , Sparks Tim , Bos Elizabeth 
Published: May 2014

AbstractResearch internationally has identified large differences in rates of child safeguarding interventions, recently characterized as child welfare inequalities, markers of social inequalities in childhood with parallels to inequalities in health and education. This paper reports a Nuffield Foundation‐funded study to examine the role of deprivation in explaining differences in key children's services interventions between and within local authorities (LAs). The study involved an analysis of descriptive data on over 10% of children on child protection plans or in out‐of‐home care in 14 English LAs at 31 March 2012. The data demonstrate very large inequalities in rates of child welfare interventions within and between LAs, systematically related to levels of deprivation. There is evidence of a gradient in child welfare inequalities across the whole of society. There also appears to be an equivalent of the inverse care law for health: For any given level of deprivation in local neighbourhoods, LAs with lower overall levels of deprivation were intervening more often. The findings raise fundamental questions for research, policy and practice including whether the allocation of children's service resources sufficiently recognize the impact of deprivation on demand and how we judge whether a safeguarding system is effective at the population level.
Graft and viral outcomes in retransplantation for hepatitis C virus recurrence and HCV primary liver transplantation: a case–control study
Authors: Martí Josep , De la Serna Sofia , Crespo Gonzalo , Forns Xavier , Ferrer Joana , Fondevila Constantino , Navasa Miquel , Fuster Josep , García‐Valdecasas Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe use of liver retransplantation (ReLT) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence is controversial because of subsequent viral recurrence after ReLT.MethodsCase–control analysis between patients undergoing ReLT for HCV reinfection between 1993 and 2012 (ReLT group: 26 patients) and patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for HCV infection immediately before and after each ReLT (LT group: 52 patients).ResultsReLT group had worse hepatocellular function, higher preoperative viral load, higher transfusion requirements, and increased number of postoperative complications than LT group. ReLT patients showed a trend toward worse graft survival compared with LT (five‐yr graft survival: 42.3% vs. 64.3%, p = 0.145), but the rate of severe HCV recurrence and infection‐free survival (IFS) was similar. The use of donors older than 60 yr led to a lower IFS and graft survival in both groups. Early severe HCV infection rate was similar in both groups, but it affected prognosis in ReLT more markedly than in LT (three‐yr graft survival: 0% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsReLT for HCV reinfection has acceptable results when strict selection policies of donor and recipient are applied. However, early severe recurrence more markedly impairs prognosis in ReLT patients than in LT.
Incisional hernia after liver transplantation: risk factors and health‐related quality of life
Authors: de Goede Barry , Eker Hasan H. , Klitsie Pieter J. , van Kempen Bob J.H. , Polak Wojtek G. , Hop Wim C.J. , Metselaar Herold J. , Tilanus Hugo W. , Lange Johan F. , Kazemier Geert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to analyze the incidence of incisional hernia after liver transplantation (LT), to determine potential risk factors for their development, and to assess their impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients who underwent LT through a J‐shaped incision with a minimum follow‐up of three months were included. Follow‐up was conducted at the outpatient clinic. Short Form 36 (SF‐36) and body image questionnaire (BIQ) were used for the assessment of HRQoL. A total of 140 patients was evaluated. The mean follow‐up period was 33 (SD 20) months. Sixty patients (43%) were diagnosed with an incisional hernia. Multivariate analysis revealed surgical site infection (OR 5.27, p = 0.001), advanced age (OR 1.05, p = 0.003), and prolonged ICU stay (OR 1.54, p = 0.022) to be independent risk factors for development of incisional hernia after LT. Patients with an incisional hernia experienced significantly diminished HRQoL with respect to physical, social, and mental aspects. In conclusion, patients who undergo LT exhibit a high incidence of incisional hernia, which has a considerable impact on HRQoL. Development of incisional hernia was shown to be related to surgical site infection, advanced age, and prolonged ICU stay.
Associations of suPAR with lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors
Authors: Botha Shani , Fourie Carla M. T. , Schutte Rudolph , Kruger Annamarie , Schutte Aletta E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundSoluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a novel indicator of low‐grade inflammation, is associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population, while an unhealthy lifestyle influences inflammatory status. We aimed to explore the relationship of suPAR with lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors in a black South African population.DesignThis cross‐sectional study includes 1068 men and women (56·4 ± 10·1 years) from the North West province who took part in the South African leg of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study in 2010. Captured data included a detailed lifestyle profile (tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, psychological and dietary intake status), biochemical analyses (suPAR, C‐reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lipids), as well as cardiovascular and anthropometric measurements.ResultsIn exploratory analyses, we observed positive relationships between suPAR and lifestyle factors, such as tobacco use (P‐trend < 0·001), both alcohol consumption (P‐trend = 0·001) and γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P‐trend < 0·001) and unemployment (P‐trend = 0·002). suPAR and CRP correlated significantly (r = 0·23; P < 0·001). These relationships were confirmed in multiple regression analyses as suPAR independently associated with tobacco use (β = 0·13; P < 0·001), GGT (β = 0·24; P < 0·001) and unemployment (β = 0·07; P = 0·039). suPAR did not associate with the cardiometabolic factors glucose, lipids, blood pressure or measures of adiposity.ConclusionsuPAR was independently associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, but not with cardiometabolic risk factors suggesting that suPAR, as known predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality, is augmented by modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. These findings emphasise the need for a healthy lifestyle to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disease in Africans.
Temporal variability of forest communities: empirical estimates of population change in 4000 tree species
Authors: Chisholm Ryan A. , Condit Richard , Rahman K. Abd. , Baker Patrick J. , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Chen Yu‐Yun , Chuyong George , Dattaraja H. S. , Davies Stuart , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Gunatilleke C. V. S. , Nimal Gunatilleke I. A. U. , Hubbell Stephen , Kenfack David , Kiratiprayoon Somboon , Lin Yiching , Makana Jean‐Remy , Pongpattananurak Nantachai , Pulla Sandeep , Punchi‐Manage Ruwan , Sukumar Raman , Su Sheng‐Hsin , Sun I‐Fang , Suresh H. S. , Tan Sylvester , Thomas Duncan , Yap Sandra 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLong‐term surveys of entire communities of species are needed to measure fluctuations in natural populations and elucidate the mechanisms driving population dynamics and community assembly. We analysed changes in abundance of over 4000 tree species in 12 forests across the world over periods of 6–28 years. Abundance fluctuations in all forests are large and consistent with population dynamics models in which temporal environmental variance plays a central role. At some sites we identify clear environmental drivers, such as fire and drought, that could underlie these patterns, but at other sites there is a need for further research to identify drivers. In addition, cross‐site comparisons showed that abundance fluctuations were smaller at species‐rich sites, consistent with the idea that stable environmental conditions promote higher diversity. Much community ecology theory emphasises demographic variance and niche stabilisation; we encourage the development of theory in which temporal environmental variance plays a central role.
Can small MPAs protect local populations of a coastal flatfish, Solea senegalensis?
Authors: Abecasis D. , Afonso P. , Erzini K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe benefits of protection of a small (4.3 km2) marine protected area (MPA) for Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, were investigated through experimental fishing trials and long‐term (up to 293 days) passive acoustic telemetry. A total of 106 trammel net sets were carried out between 2007 and 2011. Significant differences in abundance and biomass of sole between bottom types/depths (sandy bottoms between 12 and 20 m deep vs muddy bottoms between 35 and 45 m deep) were found, but no significant differences were attributable to the implementation of the no‐take area. Passive acoustic telemetry revealed that most Senegalese sole spent a large part of their time between first and last detections (average residency index = 69%) inside a relatively small area (average 95% = 1.2 km2), during which they preferred sandy bottoms, the most common habitat inside the MPA. Results also demonstrated that Senegalese sole do regular excursions beyond reserve boundaries, eventually emigrating from the MPA. The results suggest that small coastal MPAs providing adequate habitat may protect individuals of this species while allowing for moderate levels of adult spillover to neighbouring areas.
The role of the microenvironment in human immunodeficiency virus‐associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Koulis Athanasios , Trivedi Pritesh , Ibrahim Hazem , Bower Mark , Naresh Kikkeri N 
Published: May 2014

AimsTo characterize the microenvironment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). The objective was to identify and then quantify the immune cells present in the microenvironment.Methods and resultsTen samples of cHL from PLWH were compared with 10 samples of cHL from the general population using tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemistry. Sections were immunostained with antibodies for CD30, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68R, CD56, CD57, CD123, FoxP3 and granzyme B. A statistically significant reduction of CD4+ T cells, CD56+ cells, CD57+ cells, CD123+ cells and B cells and an increase in numbers in FoxP3+CD8+ cells was observed in cHL diagnosed in PLWH. No significant differences were seen in the number of CD8+ T cells, CD4+FoxP3+ T cells and macrophages.ConclusionThere are considerable differences in the microenvironment of cHL occurring with and without HIV.
Effect of packaging materials and storage temperature on the quality of sour cherry nectar
Authors: Bakan Ayşe , Ekşi Aziz 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this research was to determine the effects of the packaging materials and size on the stability of monomeric anthocyanins, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, colour index and hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF) during the 12‐month shelf life of sour cherry nectars at 4 °C and 20 °C. Sour cherry nectars were aseptically filled out into packaging of different sizes and materials. The packaging included cartons of two different sizes (200 and 1000 mL) and aluminium cans (330 mL). Results showed that the nectars were of better quality when stored at lower temperatures. HMF generally increased significantly for all nectars during storage. Conversely, the total polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity of the nectars stored in aluminium cans and the larger‐sized carton packaging decreased during storage. Lower anthocyanin loss and colour change were found in the nectars stored in aluminium cans. However, the better packaging material was found to be the large‐sized carton package when HMF was analysed.
Potential urine and serum biomarkers for patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere is a lack of consensus on the pathophysiology of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. The chronic pain symptoms of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis refractory to local treatment could be a result of central nervous system sensitization and persisting abnormalities in the bladder wall, which activate the afferent sensory system. Evidence also shows that bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is a heterogeneous syndrome and that the two subtypes, the ulcerative (classic) and non‐ulcerative types, represent different disease entities. There is a need for non‐invasive markers for the differential diagnoses of the subtypes of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, and between bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and bladder sensory disorders, such as hypersensitive bladder syndrome or overactive bladder. Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, but not overactive bladder, involves an aberrant differentiation program in the bladder urothelium that leads to altered synthesis of several proteoglycans, cell adhesion and tight junction proteins, and bacterial defense molecules. These findings have led to the rationale for identifying urinary biomarkers to detect bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in patients with frequency urgency syndrome. Recently, the markers that have been the focus of the most research are antiproliferative factor, epidermal growth factor, heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor, glycosaminoglycans and bladder nitric oxide. In addition, inflammatory proteins in the urine and serum play important roles in the pathogenesis of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. The urinary proteome is an easily accessible source of biomarkers for differentiation between inflammatory bladder disorders. Analysis of multiple urinary proteins and serum cytokines could provide a diagnostic basis for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, and could be a tool for the differential diagnosis of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and other sensory bladder disorders.
Gynecological disorders in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients
Authors: Cervigni Mauro , Natale Franca 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesBladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder, is the source of pain in over 30% of female patients with chronic pelvic pain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the most frequent associations between bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and gynecological disorders.MethodsA literature review of the previous 10 years was carried out to evaluate the incidence of gynecological diseases in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.ResultsHypertonic pelvic floor dysfunction with associated voiding dysfunction can be present in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients. It has been estimated that the prevalence ranges from 50% to 87%. Endometriosis affects 1–7% of the general population and up to 70% of women with endometriosis have some type of pain symptoms, a recent systematic review estimated the prevalence of bladder pain syndrome to be 61%, of endometriosis to be 70%, and coexisting bladder pain syndrome and endometriosis to be 48%. Vulvodynia is represented by pain, or an unpleasant altered sensation, in the vulva. Women with vestibulodynia are likely to have other additional pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome. Recent data reported that vestibulodynia affects 25% of women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.ConclusionsBladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is a complex pathology often associated with vulvodynia, endometriosis and pelvic floor dysfunctions. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to obtain an accurate evaluation ruling out confusable disease, such as pudendal neuropathy. The optimal approach is a combined treatment oriented not only to treat the bladder, but also the other components responsible for the pain disorder.