bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose-Specific Enzyme IIA Has Unique Binding Partners in The Vibrio cholerae Biofilm
Authors: Pickering Bradley S. , Smith Daniel R. , Watnick Paula I. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Glucose-specific enzyme IIA (EIIA
Glc
) is a central regulator of bacterial metabolism and an intermediate in the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS), a conserved phosphotransfer cascade that controls carbohydrate transport. We previously reported that EIIA
Glc
activates transcription of the genes required for
Vibrio cholerae
biofilm formation. While EIIA
Glc
modulates the function of many proteins through a direct interaction, none of the known regulatory binding partners of EIIA
Glc
activates biofilm formation. Therefore, we used tandem affinity purification (TAP) to compare binding partners of EIIA
Glc
in both planktonic and biofilm cells. A surprising number of novel EIIA
Glc
binding partners were identified predominantly under one condition or the other. Studies of planktonic cells revealed established partners of EIIA
Glc
, such as adenylate cyclase and glycerol kinase. In biofilms, MshH, a homolog of
Escherichia coli
CsrD, was found to be a dominant binding partner of EIIA
Glc
. Further studies revealed that MshH inhibits biofilm formation. This function was independent of the Carbon storage regulator (Csr) pathway and dependent on EIIA
Glc
. To explore the existence of multiprotein complexes centered on EIIA
Glc
, we also affinity purified the binding partners of adenylate cyclase from biofilm cells. In addition to EIIA
Glc
, this analysis yielded many of the same proteins that copurified with EIIA
Glc
. We hypothesize that EIIA
Glc
serves as a hub for multiprotein complexes and furthermore that these complexes may provide a mechanism for competitive and cooperative interactions between binding partners.

IMPORTANCE
EIIA
Glc
is a global regulator of microbial physiology that acts through direct interactions with other proteins. This work represents the first demonstration that the protein partners of EIIA
Glc
are distinct in the microbial biofilm. Furthermore, it provides the first evidence that EIIA
Glc
may exist in multiprotein complexes with its partners, setting the stage for an investigation of how the multiple partners of EIIA
Glc
influence one another. Last, it provides a connection between the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase (PTS) and Csr (Carbon storage regulator) regulatory systems. This work increases our understanding of the complexity of regulation by EIIA
Glc
and provides a link between the PTS and Csr networks, two global regulatory cascades that influence microbial physiology.
Time to Get Serious About Skin Cancer Prevention
Authors: Lazovich DeAnn , Choi Kelvin , Vogel Rachel Isaksson 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss the skin cancer epidemic in the United States and provide data to indicate that the United States public is not protecting itself from ultraviolet radiation, the primary risk factor for melanoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. In our opinion, skin cancer control in this country may be hindered by uncertainty about the effectiveness of sun protection strategies, inconsistent messages about the relative effectiveness of sun protection measures by federal and national organizations, and conventional research approaches that have identified few effective sun protection interventions for adults and targeted individuals for behavior change without considering the environmental context. A policy and research agenda is put forth to remedy the apparent insufficiencies in the current approach to skin cancer prevention in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(11); 1893–901. ©2012 AACR.
Trends in HPV Vaccine Initiation among Adolescent Females in North Carolina, 2008–2010
Authors: Moss Jennifer L. , Gilkey Melissa B. , Reiter Paul L. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: To better target future immunization efforts, we assessed trends and disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation among female adolescents in North Carolina over 3 years.
Methods: We analyzed data from a stratified random sample of 1,427 parents who, between 2008 and 2010, completed two linked telephone surveys: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the Child Health Assessment and Monitoring Program surveys. Weighted analyses examined HPV vaccine initiation for girls ages 11 to 17 years.
Results: HPV vaccine initiation increased modestly over time (2008, 34%; 2009, 41%; 2010, 44%). This upward trend was present within 11 subpopulations of girls, including those who lived in rural areas, were of minority (non-black/non-white) race, or had not recently received a preventive check-up. Looking at differences between groups, HPV vaccine initiation was less common among girls who attended private versus public school, were younger, or lacked a recent check-up. However, the latter difference narrowed over time. The low level of initiation among girls without recent check-ups increased substantially (from 11% to 41%), whereas initiation among girls with recent visits improved little (from 39% to 44%, Pinteraction = 0.007).
Conclusions: Although HPV vaccine initiation improved among several groups typically at higher risk for cervical cancer, the lack of progress among girls with recent check-ups suggests that missed opportunities for administration have hampered broader improvements.
Impact: Achieving widespread coverage of HPV vaccine will require redoubled efforts to vaccinate adolescents during routine care. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(11); 1913–22. ©2012 AACR.
Methylation of the Polycomb Group Target Genes Is a Possible Biomarker for Favorable Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Dallol Ashraf , Al-Maghrabi Jaudah , Buhmeida Abdelbaset , Gari Mamdooh A. , Chaudhary Adeel G. , Schulten Hans-Juergen , Abuzenadah Adel M. , Al-Ahwal Mahmoud S. , Sibiany Abdulrahman , Al-Qahtani Mohammed H. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with ever increasing incidence rates. DNA methylation is a common event in CRC where it is now considered an important phenomenon in CRC carcinogenesis and useful for the classification and prognosis of CRC.
Methods: To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning CRC in Saudi Arabian patients, we profiled the DNA methylation frequency of key genes (MLH1, MSH2, RASSF1A, SLIT2, HIC1, MGMT, SFRP1, MYOD1, APC, CDKN2A, as well as five CIMP markers) in 120 sporadic CRC cases. CRC tumors originating from the rectum, left, and right colons are represented in this cohort of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
Results: The most common methylation frequency was detected in the polycomb group target genes (PCGT) including SFRP1 (70%), MYOD1 (60.8%), HIC1 (61.7%), and SLIT2 (56.7%). In addition, MGMT methylation was detected at a high frequency (68.3%). RASSF1A, APC, and CDKN2A methylation frequencies were 42.5%, 25%, and 32.8%, respectively. K-means clustering analysis of the methylation events results in the clustering of the CRC samples into three groups depending on the level of methylation detected.
Conclusion: Group II (PCGT methylation and CIMP-negative) methylation signature carried a favorable prognosis for male patients, whereas older patients with group I rare methylation signature have a potentially poorer clinical outcome.
Impact: Methylation of the PCGT genes along with RASSF1A, APC, and MGMT can be potentially used as a new biomarker for the classification and prognosis of CRC tumors and independently of where the tumor has originated. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(11); 2069–75. ©2012 AACR.
Iron in Relation to Gastric Cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study
Authors: Cook Michael B. , Kamangar Farin , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Albanes Demetrius , Virtamo Jarmo , Taylor Philip R. , Abnet Christian C. , Wood Richard J. , Petty Gayle , Cross Amanda J. , Dawsey Sanford M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground: Iron is an essential micronutrient that can have carcinogenic effects when at high or low concentrations. Previous studies of iron in relation to gastric cancer have not assessed subtype-specific relationships. We used the prospective Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study to assess whether iron metrics were associated with gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC).Methods: We selected 341 incident gastric cancer cases (86 cardia, 172 noncardia, and 83 nonspecified), accrued during 22 years of follow-up, and 341 individually matched controls. We measured prediagnostic serum iron, ferritin, unsaturated iron binding capacity, and C-reactive protein. Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation were estimated from these metrics. Dietary iron exposures were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis.Results: Serum iron metrics were not associated with GCC, except for a potential “n”-shaped relationship with TIBC (global P = 0.038). GNCC was inversely associated with serum ferritin (global P = 0.024), serum iron (global P = 0.060) and, possibly, transferrin saturation. TIBC appeared to share a “u”-shaped relationship with GNCC (global P = 0.033). Dietary iron exposures were not associated with either subsite. Adjustment for Helicobacter pylori and gastric atrophy had little effect on observed associations.Conclusions: We found little evidence for the involvement of iron exposure in the pathogenesis of GCC. GNCC was associated with an iron profile similar to that of iron deficiency.Impact: Our findings indicate that inverse associations between iron metrics and gastric cancer are driven by associations with GNCC. Further elucidation of potential mechanisms is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(11); 2033–42. ©2012 AACR.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Aldo-Keto and Carbonyl Reductase Genes Are Not Associated with Acute Cardiotoxicity after Daunorubicin Chemotherapy
Authors: Lubieniecka Joanna M. , Liu Jie , Heffner Daniel , Graham Jinko , Reid Ronald , Hogge Donna , Grigliatti Tom A. , Riggs Wayne K. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that interpatient variability in anthracycline metabolic rate may contribute to the cardiotoxicity associated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Therefore, polymorphisms in the anthracycline metabolizing enzymes have been proposed as potential biomarkers of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC).
Methods: We have previously shown that 13 of the naturally occurring nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNP) in the aldo–keto reductases (AKR) and carbonyl reductases (CBR) reduce anthracycline metabolic rate in vitro. Here, we test these SNPs individually and jointly for association with daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Results: Five of the 13 nsSNPs exhibiting an in vitro effect on anthracycline metabolism were detected among the 185 patients with AML. No association was found between the SNPs and daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in either individual or joint effect analyses.
Conclusions: Despite the shown in vitro effect of nsSNPs in reductase genes on anthracycline metabolic rate, on their own these SNPs do not explain enough variability in cardiotoxicity to be useful markers of this adverse event.
Impact: The results of this study provide important information for biomarker studies on side effects of anthracycline chemotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(11); 2118–20. ©2012 AACR.
Percutaneous Transluminal Pulmonary Angioplasty for the Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kataoka Masaharu , Inami Takumi , Hayashida Kentaro , Shimura Nobuhiko , Ishiguro Haruhisa , Abe Takayuki , Tamura Yuichi , Ando Motomi , Fukuda Keiichi , Yoshino Hideaki , Satoh Toru 
Published: November 2012

Background—
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension leads to pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty (PTPA) for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Methods and Results—

Twenty-nine patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension underwent PTPA. One patient had a wiring perforation as a complication of PTPA and died 2 days after the procedure. In the remaining 28 patients, PTPA did not produce immediate hemodynamic improvement at the time of the procedure. However, after follow-up (6.0 ± 6.9 months), New York Heart Association functional classifications and levels of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide significantly improved (both
P
<0.01). Hemodynamic parameters also significantly improved (mean pulmonary arterial pressure, 45.3 ± 9.8 versus 31.8 ± 10.0 mm Hg; cardiac output, 3.6 ± 1.2 versus 4.6 ± 1.7 L/min, baseline versus follow-up, respectively; both
P
<0.01). Twenty-seven of 51 procedures in total (53%), and 19 of 28 first procedures (68%), had reperfusion pulmonary edema as the chief complication. Patients with severe clinical signs and/or severe hemodynamics at baseline had a high risk of reperfusion pulmonary edema.

Conclusions—
PTPA improved subjective symptoms and objective variables, including pulmonary hemodynamics. PTPA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp
. Unique identifier: UMIN000001572.
High Blood Pressure, Physical and Cognitive Function, and Risk of Stroke in the Oldest Old
Authors: Sabayan Behnam , van Vliet Peter , de Ruijter Wouter , Gussekloo Jacobijn , de Craen Anton J.M. , Westendorp Rudi G.J. 
Published: November 2012

Background and Purpose—
Epidemiological studies have shown mixed findings on the association between hypertension and stroke in the oldest old. Heterogeneity of the populations under study may underlie variation in outcomes. We examined whether the level of physical and cognitive function moderates the association between blood pressure and stroke.

Methods—
We included 513 subjects aged 85 years old from the population-based Leiden 85-plus Study. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure were measured at baseline. Activities of daily living and Mini-Mental State Examination were assessed to estimate level of physical and cognitive function, respectively. Five-year risk of stroke was estimated with Cox regression analysis.

Results—
In the entire cohort, there were no associations between various measures of blood pressure and risk of stroke except for the inverse relation between pulse pressure and stroke risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.98]). Among subjects with impaired physical functioning, higher systolic blood pressure (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59–0.92]), mean arterial pressure (HR: 0.68 [95% CI, 0.47–0.97]), and pulse pressure (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.55–0.93]) were associated with reduced risk of stroke. Likewise, among subjects with impaired cognitive functioning, higher systolic blood pressure was associated with reduced risk of stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65–0.98]). In subjects with unimpaired cognitive functioning, higher diastolic blood pressure (HR: 1.98 [95% CI, 1.21–3.22]) and mean arterial pressure (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.08–2.68]) were associated with higher risk of stroke.

Conclusions—
Our findings suggest that impaired physical and cognitive function moderates the association between blood pressure and stroke.
Timing of Stroke in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement and Matched Controls
Authors: Lalmohamed Arief , Vestergaard Peter , Cooper Cyrus , de Boer Anthonius , Leufkens Hubertus G.M. , van Staa Tjeerd P. , de Vries Frank 
Published: November 2012

Background and Purpose—
Stroke is a potentially fatal complication of total hip replacements (THR). However, timing of stroke in THR patients compared with matched controls and influence of drug use remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine timing of stroke in patients with THR compared with matched control subjects.

Methods—
A nationwide cohort study was conducted within the Danish registers (1998–2007). Included patients were those with a primary THR in the study period (n=66 583) and were matched by age, sex, and region to three referent subjects without THR or total knee replacements. Time-dependent Cox models were used to derive hazard ratios and were adjusted for disease history and drug use.

Results—
A 4.7-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.69; 95% CI, 3.12–7.06), and a 4.4-fold increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.40; 95% CI, 2.01–9.62) were found within 2 weeks following THR, compared with matched controls. The risk remained elevated during the first 6 postoperative weeks for ischemic stroke, and the first 12 weeks for hemorrhagic stroke. Outpatient antiplatelet drug use lowered the 6-week hazard ratios for ischemic stroke by 70%, although not affecting risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions—
This study shows, that THR patients have a 4.7-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke, and a 4.4-fold increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke during the first 2 weeks postsurgery. Risk assessment of stroke in individual patients undergoing THR (ie, evaluate other risk factors for stroke) should be considered during the first 6 to 12 weeks.
Tropical Cloud Cluster Climatology, Variability, and Genesis Productivity
Authors: Hennon Christopher C. , Papin Philippe P. , Zarzar Christopher M. , Michael Jeremy R. , Caudill J. Adam , Douglas Carson R. , Groetsema Wesley C. , Lacy John H. , Maye Zachery D. , Reid Justin L. , Scales Mark A. , Talley Melissa D. , Helms Charles N. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Tropical cloud clusters (TCCs) are traditionally defined as synoptic-scale areas of deep convection and associated cirrus outflow. They play a critical role in the energy balance of the tropics, releasing large amounts of latent heat high in the troposphere. If conditions are favorable, TCCs can develop into tropical cyclones (TCs), which put coastal populations at risk. Previous work, usually connected with large field campaigns, has investigated TCC characteristics over small areas and time periods. Recently, developments in satellite reanalysis and global best track assimilation have allowed for the creation of a much more extensive database of TCC activity. The authors use the TCC database to produce an extensive global analysis of TCCs, focusing on TCC climatology, variability, and genesis productivity (GP) over a 28-yr period (1982–2009). While global TCC frequency was fairly consistent over the time period, with relatively small interannual variability and no noticeable trend, regional analyses show a high degree of interannual variability with clear trends in some regions. Approximately 1600 TCCs develop around the globe each year; about 6.4% of those develop into TCs. The eastern North Pacific Ocean (EPAC) basin produces the highest number of TCCs (per unit area) in a given year, but the western North Pacific Ocean (WPAC) basin has the highest GP (~12%). Annual TCC frequency in some basins exhibits a strong correlation to sea surface temperatures (SSTs), particularly in the EPAC, North Atlantic Ocean, and WPAC. However, GP is not as sensitive to SST, supporting the hypothesis that the tropical cyclogenesis process is most sensitive to atmospheric dynamical considerations such as vertical wind shear and large-scale vorticity.
An Effective, Economic, Aspirated Radiation Shield for Air Temperature Observations and Its Spatial Gradients
Authors: Thomas Christoph K. , Smoot Alexander R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper presents the design and evaluates the performance of a double-walled electrically aspirated radiation shield for thermometers measuring air temperature and its gradients in the atmospheric surface layer. Tests were performed to quantify its solar radiation error and wake production, and to characterize the observer effect of the forced aspiration on vertical temperature gradients in the calm and stable boundary layer. Construction requirements were to design a unit that uses inexpensive off-the-shelf components, to assemble easily, to facilitate reconfiguration to accommodate various sensors, and to reduce power consumption with the goal of reducing costs and enabling use in sensor networks in remote locations. The custom-aspirated shield was evaluated in reference to a triple-walled commercially available model and subjected to rigorous testing in a wind tunnel and field experiments.
The relative radiation error of air temperature measurements in the custom-aspirated shield was equal to or smaller than that in the reference shield within ±0.08 K for solar irradiances ≥1000 W m−2 and calm winds. At night, thermal imagery revealed no significant differences in surface temperatures of both shields and the air temperature. Both shields produced significant wake within a ±30° sector of incident flow. Even for weak flows ≤0.7 m s−1, higher-order moments were increased by a factor of 3, while the mean airflow speed was reduced by up to 30% compared to uncontaminated directions. Careful inspection of the spatiotemporal dynamics of air temperatures in a vertical profile showed negligible impact of the forced aspiration on the finescale structure of the observations for the nocturnal and transitional calm surface layers.
Assessment of Wind Pattern Accuracy from the QuikSCAT Satellite and the WRF Model along the Galician Coast (Northwest Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Sousa M. C. , Alvarez I. , Vaz N. , Gomez-Gesteira M. , Dias J. M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Surface wind along the Galician coast is a key factor allowing the analysis of important oceanographic features that are related to the great primary production in this area, as upwelling events. A comparative analysis between surface winds obtained from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, and in situ observations from buoys along the Galician coast is carried out from November 2008 to October 2009. This comparison evaluates the accuracy of satellite and modeled data. The results show that the wind speeds derived from QuikSCAT and the WRF Model are similar along the coast, with errors ranging from 1.5 to 2 m s−1. However, QuikSCAT tends to overestimate wind speeds when compared to the buoys measurements. Regarding the wind direction, the RMSE values are about 35° for the stations under analysis. The bias presents a similar pattern between satellite and modeled data, with positive values at the western coast and negative values at the middle and northern coasts, the satellite data always being lower in absolute value than the modeled data. A spatial comparison between QuikSCAT and WRF data is also performed over the whole Galician coast to evaluate the differences between the two datasets. This comparison shows that the modeled wind speed tends to be lower than satellite winds over the entire domain, with the highest RMSE and bias values found for the wind speed and direction observed near the shoreline.