bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2P Traffic Identification Based on Host and Flow Behaviour Characteristics
Authors: Yan Jinghua , Wu Zhigang , Luo Hao , Zhang Shuzhuang 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have been widely applied in file sharing, streaming media, instant messaging and other fields, which have attracted large attention. At the same time P2P networks traffic worsens the congestion of a network significantly. In order to better manage and control P2P traffic, it is important to identify P2P traffic accurately. In this paper we propose a novel P2P identification scheme, based on the host and flow behaviour characteristics of P2P traffic. First we determine if a host takes part in a P2P application by matching its behaviour with some predefined host level behaviour rules. Subsequently, we refine the identification by comparing the statistical features of each flow in the host with several flow feature profiles. The experiments on real world network data prove that this method is quite efficient to identify P2P traffic. The classification accuracy achieves 93.9 % and 96.3 % in terms of flows and bytes respectively.
Current Practices, Trends and Challenges in K-12 Online Learning
Authors: Dichev Christo , Dicheva Darina , Agre Gennady , Angelova Galia 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Online learning is one of the fastest growing trends in Technology- Enhanced Learning (TEL). Technology in combination with an instruction that addresses the cognitive and social processes of knowledge construction could offer more diverse and effective online learning opportunities than their face-to-face counterparts. In this review we attempt to summarize different forms and practices in K-12 online and blended learning as they appear in various regional, national and cultural contexts. The article starts with introducing some basic concepts and terminology, sums up the state of K-12 online learning around the world and ends with summarizing some trends and challenges observed in current K-12 online learning practices.
Face identification under uncontrolled environment with LGFSV face representation technique
Authors: Singh Kavita , Zaveri Mukesh , Raghuwanshi Mukesh 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a new log Gabor-FPLBP-SVD (LGFSV) face representation technique that extracts singular values from log Gabor_FPLBP response image to form the LGFSV feature for face representation. The proposed LGFSV is invariant to changes in pose, illumination and facial expression. The novelty of this paper comes from (i) the design of minimal number of log Gabor filters to cover all directional shape features from face image which is further applied with Four phase Local Binary Pattern to enhance texture features in all direction; (ii) the extraction of singular value from each local matrix of log Gabor_FPLBP response image to form feature for face identification using nearest neighbour classifier; and (iii) extensive performance evaluation. In particular, the performance of the proposed LGFSV for face identification under pose variation and change in illumination and expression is evaluated on standard face databases such as ORL; Head Pose Image Database, Georgia Tech Face Database, CMU-PIE, GTAV and RLCI face databases. Experimental results with LGFSV show a significant improvement over individual face representation techniques.
Pruning algorithms of neural networks — a comparative study
Authors: Augasta M. , Kathirvalavakumar T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe neural network with optimal architecture speeds up the learning process and generalizes the problem well for further knowledge extraction. As a result researchers have developed various techniques for pruning the neural networks. This paper provides a survey of existing pruning techniques that optimize the architecture of neural networks and discusses their advantages and limitations. Also the paper evaluates the effectiveness of various pruning techniques by comparing the performance of some traditional and recent pruning algorithms based on sensitivity analysis, mutual information and significance on four real datasets namely Iris, Wisconsin breast cancer, Hepatitis Domain and Pima Indian Diabetes.
Knowledge about Tuberculosis among Drug Users in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shrestha P 
Published: September 2013

Background Drug use is a significant risk factor for acquiring tuberculosis (TB) infection and progressing to active TB due to high Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seroprevalence, low socio-economic status, poor environmental conditions and problems of access to health care. Illicit drug users are at high risk for TB. Objective To assess the knowledge about TB among drug users whereas the specific objectives are to assess the knowledge about how TB is acquired, transmitted and prevented, the signs and symptoms of TB including diagnosis, curability and the source of information. Methodology Descriptive cross sectional study among 45 male and 18 female drug users in two centers each of Kathmandu and Lalitpur. Semi structured interview schedule was used to collect data. In Depth Interview (IDI) was conducted among 5 drug service providers using IDI guidelines. Results Majority of users (42%) were between 25-29 years and male (71%). About 13% respondents had family history of drug use. Major source of information was print media. Only 33% respondents had the correct knowledge about the causes of TB; however knowledge regarding signs and symptoms was found to be good. About 64% respondents had correct knowledge regarding transmission and 44% about its diagnosis. About 97% respondents knew that TB can be cured but not about the medications and treatment duration. Most users (71%) were familiar with preventive measures. In-depth Interview with drug service providers revealed that drug users are at high risk of acquiring TB as their knowledge regarding TB was poor and drug users ignored about TB. Conclusion Although drug users are at high risk for contracting and spreading TB, the level of knowledge about TB was low. It is necessary to provide them with TB related information and education to reduce the burden of TB. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i1.8719 Health Prospect: Journal of Public Health Vol.12(1) 2013: 1-6
Ethnic Presentations and Cultural Constructs: The Chinese/Irish Servant inPatsy O’Wang
Authors: Ou Hsin-yun 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:T.S. Denison’s Patsy O’Wang gives insight into the place of Chinese and Irish immigrants in a changing American racial hierarchy. The present article argues that, while the play demonstrates the significance of American nationalism, the title character, of mixed blood, ironically challenges the traditional racial ideologies that constructed social meanings through biological differences and suggests that the ethnic identity is made through cultural constructs.
Out of Exile: The Recusal of the Chicago Police from American Film and Television, 1961–2011
Authors: Arntfield Michael 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:The prime-time debut and subsequent cancellation of the Fox police procedural The Chicago Code, in 2011, briefly returned the once iconic Chicago Police Department to a place of prominence in the American crime drama. The series marked an end to the once official and later unofficial fifty-year moratorium on the fictionalized use of the department’s name, image, and uniform in film and television, as well as a controversial ordinance prohibiting police dramas from being filmed on location in Chicago itself. The present article examines what impact this protracted self-exile from the mythography of the police —the depiction of the police myth in the arts and media—has meant for the Chicago Police Department in terms of its place in both American society and the national police subculture during a time when other police departments were undertaking significant modernization and commercialization efforts. The article additionally examines what the legacy of The Chicago Code may mean for the Chicago Police Department’s imagistic reinvention and eventual reintegration into American popular culture.
Branch architecture in Ginkgo biloba: Wood anatomy and long shoot–short shoot interactions
Authors: Little Stefan A. , Jacobs Brooke , McKechnie Steven J. , Cooper Ranessa L. , Christianson Michael L. , Jernstedt Judith A. 
Published: September 2013

• Premise: Ginkgo, centrally placed in seed plant phylogeny, is considered important in many phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Shoot dimorphism of Ginkgo has been long noted, but no work has yet been done to evaluate the relationships between overall branch architecture and wood ring characters, shoot growth, and environmental conditions.• Methods: Branches, sampled from similar canopy heights, were mapped with the age of each long shoot segment determined by counting annual leaf‐scar series on its short shoots. Transverse sections were made for each long shoot segment and an adjacent short shoot; wood ring thickness, number of rings, and number of tracheids/ring were determined. Using branch maps, we identified wood rings for each long shoot segment to year and developmental context of each year (distal short shoot growth only vs. at least one distal long shoot). Climate data were also analyzed in conjunction with developmental context.• Key results: Significantly thicker wood rings occur in years with distal long shoot development. The likelihood that a branch produced long shoots in a given year was lower with higher maximum annual temperature. Annual maximum temperature was negatively correlated with ring thickness in microsporangiate trees only. Annual minimum temperatures were correlated differently with ring thickness of megasporangiate and microsporangiate trees, depending on the developmental context. There were no significant effects associated with precipitation.• Conclusions: Overall, developmental context alone predicts wood ring thickness about as well as models that include temperature. This suggests that although climatic factors may be strongly correlated with wood ring data among many gymnosperm taxa, at least for Ginkgo, correlations with climate data are primarily due to changes in proportions of shoot developmental types (LS vs. SS) across branches.
Être placé sous surveillance électronique
Authors: Devresse Marie-Sophie 
Published: September 2013

L’appréhension du justiciable en tant qu’individu rationnel a depuis toujours déterminé les modalités de sa prise en charge par l’institution judiciaire. À première vue, les nouvelles modalités de sanctions, telle la surveillance électronique, en raison de leur complexité, apparaissent propres à redéfinir la manière dont il est fait appel au condamné et à sa raison. Maintenu dans le milieu ouvert, ayant accès à l’espace public, le condamné sous surveillance électronique expérimente activement une manière singulière d’exécuter sa peine et est investi d’une multiplicité d’exigences comportementales et relationnelles. L’article envisage dès lors, de déterminer plus précisément comment la technologie et l’environnement de contraintes dans lequel le condamné en surveillance électronique se situe, sont propres à le désigner et le construire sur un mode particulier, en même temps qu’ils caractérisent la sanction elle-même et sa nature. À cette occasion, la dimension « situationnelle » de la surveillance électronique sera examinée, afin de voir si ce concept est propre à renouveler la manière dont on envisage la sanction, ouvrant la réflexion aux espaces, réels et virtuels où évolue le condamné, ainsi qu’aux situations concrètes ou dématérialisées dans lesquelles il se trouve impliqué et qui, formatées de manière particulièrement stricte, redéfinissent son environnement et cadrent son comportement.
Amérique, défendre le territoire
Authors: Hanne Hugo 
Published: September 2013

Le ministère américain de la Défense a récemment publié sa stratégie de défense intérieure et de soutien de la défense aux autorités civiles, qui définit deux axes stratégiques : défendre le territoire des États-Unis contre les attaques directes des acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques et fournir l’assistance aux autorités civiles nationales dans l’éventualité de désastres naturels ou d’origine humaine, en réponse à un événement significatif ou catastrophique. Les menaces identifiées sont en priorité les attaques terroristes, provenant d’Al-Qaïda en particulier. Les vulnérabilités décrites résident dans les réseaux cybernétiques et les infrastructures essentielles comme l’électricité. Des événements aléatoires comme les catastrophes naturelles sont aussi sources de dommages, appelant une réponse des forces armées américaines. Dans ces conditions, la stratégie de défense intérieure définit les missions, les objectifs et les capacités essentielles, que les forces armées américaines devront assurer entre 2012 et 2020.
Vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Thrombocytopenia a marker
Authors: Aggarwal Ashish , Salunke Pravin , Singh Harnarayan , Singh Harnarayan , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Chhabra Rajesh , Singla Navneet , Sachdeva Ashwani Kumar 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: Symptomatic vasospasm (SV) is often seen after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The pathophysiology suggests that platelets initiate the process and are consumed. This is likely to result in thrombocytopenia. The objective of this study was to find out if thrombocytopenia preceded or followed SV and to analyze the relationship between the two. Materials and Methods: The platelet counts of 74 patients were studied on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 following aSAH. Clinical symptoms and raised velocities on transcranial Doppler were studied on the same days to determine SV. The relationship of platelet counts and SV were analyzed. Results: Thirty-nine (52.7%) patients developed SV. Platelet counts dropped on postictal day (PID) 3-7 and SV was commonly seen on PID 5-9. The median platelet counts were significantly lower in patients with SV when compared to those without SV. Platelet count <150,000/mm 3 on PID 1 and 7 had statistically significant association (P < 0.001) with SV. The odds ratio was 5.1, 6.9, and 5.1 on PID 5, 7, and 9, respectively, for patients with relative thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between thrombocytopenia and SV. A platelet count < 150,000/mm 3 on PID 1 and 7 predicts presence of SV. The relative risk of developing SV is >5 times for a patient with relative thrombocytopenia especially on PID 5-9. Additionally, it appears that thrombocytopenia precedes vasospasm and may be an independent predictor. However, this requires further studies for validation.
Bicycle accident.related head injuries in India
Authors: Munivenkatappa Ashok , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Gregor Thomas Issac , Bhat Dhananjay I , Kumarsamy Akhil Deepika , Shukla Dhaval P 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of head injuries sustained due to bicycle accidents in India. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected over a period of six months (15 May 2011 to 15 November 2011). Demography of patients, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), clinical and imaging findings, and mortality and outcome using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), Rivermead post-concussion symptom questionnaire (RPCSQ) and Rivermead head injury follow-up questionnaire (RHFUQ), were analyzed. Outcome was assessed by telephonic interview. Results: There were 108 patients (100 males) with mean age of 27.7 years. Seventy-four (68.5%) were from rural areas. Accidents due to vehicular collision accounted for 60 (55.6%) cases. None wore a helmet. The admission GCS was 14-15 in 68.5% cases, 13-3 in 31.5%. The risk of moderate to severe injuries was increased among working laborers (OR = 5), and patients with loss of consciousness (OR = 4). Sixty-three (49%) patients had abnormal computed tomography (CT) findings; most common finding was skull fracture 25 (23.1%). Four patients needed surgery. The GOS assessment at three to six months revealed favorable outcome in 66 patients (61.1%) and death in 8 (7.4%). The common post-concussion symptoms were headache, fatigue, and poor concentration. Conclusion: The majority of hospitalized cyclists were from a rural background and of the lower income group. After three months the majority of patients had good recovery with few persistent concussion symptoms.
Clinical profile of children with developmental delay and microcephaly
Authors: Aggarwal Anju , Mittal Hema , Patil Rahul , Debnath Sanjib , Rai Anuradha 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Aim: To study the profile of children with developmental delay and microcephaly. Materials and Methods: Children attending child development clinic with developmental delay were evaluated as per protocol. Z scores of head circumference were calculated using WHO charts. Clinical, radiological and etiological profile of those with microcephaly and those without was compared. Results: Of the 414 children with developmental delay 231 had microcephaly (z score ≤ -3). Mean age of children with microcephaly was 35.1 ± 27.9 months (range 4-184), males (72.7%). Comorbidities were epilepsy (42.9%), visual abnormality (26.4%), hearing abnormality (16.9%). Mean DQ was 29.75 + 17.8 in those with microcephaly was significantly lower compared to the rest (P = 0.002). Secondary microcephaly was associated with cerebral palsy in 69.7%. Other causes were congenital infections (4), inborn error of metabolism (3), post-meningoencephalitis (5), malformations (12), and syndromic (13). Neuroimaging was done in 118 (51.1%) cases of which 104 (88.1%) were abnormal. On comparison children with microcephaly had more epilepsy, lower developmental quotient, vision abnormalities findings as compared to normocephalic children with developmental delay (P &003E; 0.05). Conclusion: Microcephaly was associated with lower, DQ, higher comorbidities in children with developmental delay. Spastic CP is commonly associated with microcephaly.
Tactical Evacuation of Casualties by Military Helicopters: Present and Future Aspects
Authors: Ünlü Aytekin , Can M Fatih , Yagci Gokhan , Ozerhan Ismail , Asensio Juan A 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTInjury is a surgical disease, and survival is inversely proportionate to elapsed time to treatment. As the routine use of helicopters started during the Vietnam War, it has been well-established that rapid transport was associated with unprecedented survival of critically injured patients. Currently, helicopters are used for tactical and medical evacuation purposes both in the Turkish Military and civilian health care system. Despite the rapid transport advantages, these flying ambulances are austere environments in terms of limited space and medical resources. Accordingly, a study group consisting of experienced military trauma surgeons has analyzed the data related with the present and future aspects of casualty evacuation missions with military helicopters.The main focus of this study was to increase the Turkish Trauma Society awareness, improve en route care quality, identify new research topics and increase military medical readiness for the ensuing conflicts and disaster situations.How to cite this articleÜnlü A, Can MF, Yagci G, Ozerhan I, Asensio JA, Petrone P. Tactical Evacuation of Casualties by Military Helicopters: Present and Future Aspects. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(2):83-88.
Lactic Acidosis, Multiorgan Failure and Pneumatosis: A Rare Presentation of Lymphoma
Authors: Letourneau Phillip A , Shah Shinil K , Tchakarov Amanda , Tanner Allen H , Hetz Robert A , Jani Pushan P , Walker Peter A , Martinez Eric J , Khan Saleem A 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
A 43-year-old man with a past medical history of HIV/AIDS presented with a cough, fever and night sweats. He was febrile, with normal heart rate and blood pressure. Initial laboratory testing included a mild leukocytosis. Chest X-ray demonstrated a right perihilar opacity and bilateral pleural effusions. He was admitted for treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia vs tuberculosis. He developed respiratory failure and was transferred to the ICU. He subsequently developed abdominal pain and severe lactic acidosis. CT scan demonstrated pneumatosis. Considering the clinical concern for mesenteric ischemia he was taken to the operating room, where it was noted that he had hepatomegaly and viable bowel. The mesentery demonstrated diffuse lymphadenopathy. Mesenteric lymph nodes were biopsied. He failed to improve clinically and his leukocytosis continued to increase to as high as 102,000, with a blood smear revealing atypical appearing lymphocytes. The patient continued to decline and ultimately died. Autopsy results demonstrated diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Only 30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reported in the literature as causing liver failure. This is the only case that included pneumatosis and lactic acidosis that mimicked mesenteric ischemia.

How to cite this article
Letourneau PA, Shah SK, Tchakarov A, Tanner AH, Hetz RA, Jani PP, Walker PA, Martinez EJ, Khan SA. Lactic Acidosis, Multiorgan Failure and Pneumatosis: A Rare Presentation of Lymphoma. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(2):94-96.
Contribuições do PDI e do Planejamento Estratégico na gestão de Universidades Federais
Authors: Silva Júlio Eduardo Ornelas , Melo Pedro Antônio de , Ramos Alexandre Moraes , Amante Cláudio José , Silva Flora Moritz da 
Published: September 2013

Este artigo pretendeu analisar as contribuições do Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional e do Planejamento Estratégico na gestão de universidades federais brasileiras, no qual foram realizadas análises documentais e entrevistas in loco em oito universidades federais, sendo a UFAL, a UFGD, a UFMA, a UFMG, a UFPA, a UFSC, a UnB e a UNIFAP. As características das universidades estudadas são peculiares, no entanto, a experiência dos gestores entrevistados evidenciou que tanto o PDI quanto o planejamento estratégico trazem contribuições para a gestão das universidades, ao possibilitar o autoconhecimento, o delineamento de metas, objetivos e estratégias, propiciando um rumo às universidades e, em alguns casos, trilhando o futuro com uma visão competitiva.ESTA PESQUISA RECEBEU APOIO E FINANCIAMENTO DA CAPES/OBEDUC.