bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shinzami Korean purple‐fleshed sweet potato extract prevents ischaemia–reperfusion‐induced liver damage in rats
Authors: Jung Saet‐Byeol , Shin Jae‐Ho , Kim Ji Yeon , Kwon Oran 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of an extract from Shinzami, a variety of purple sweet potato, in rats injured by hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R).RESULTSPretreatment with Shinzami extract decreased the aspirate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase serum levels in our hepatic I/R rat model. The glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity level were significantly higher in the rats pretreated with the Shinzami extract compared with the hepatic I/R rats, and the glutathione peroxidase activity level was higher in pretreated rats. The total anthocyanins extracted from Shinzami, however, only increased the superoxide dismutase activity level in the hepatic I/R rats. Rats pretreated with the Shinzami extract or anthocyanins demonstrated attenuated hepatic pathological changes, such as hepatic distortion, haemorrhage, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the hepatic I/R control rats.CONCLUSIONShinzami extract and anthocyanins have a hepatoprotective effect on the liver damage induced by hepatic I/R by improving antioxidant status. Furthermore, the Shinzami extract may have a more potent effect on the antioxidant status compared with the Shinzami anthocyanins alone. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A Highly Selective and Sensitive Turn‐On Fluorescent Chemosensor Based on Rhodamine 6G for Iron(III)
Authors: Hu Zhi-Qiang , Gu Ying-Ying , Hu Wen-Zhou , Sun Lei-Li , Zhu Jiang-Hua , Jiang Yi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecently, more and more rhodamine derivatives have been used as fluorophores to construct sensors due to their excellent spectroscopic properties. A rhodamine‐based fluorescent and colorimetric Fe3+ chemosensor 3’,6’‐bis(ethylamino)‐2‐acetoxyl‐2’,7’‐dimethyl‐spiro[1H‐isoindole‐1,9’‐[9H]xanthen]‐3(2H)‐one (RAE) was designed and synthesized. Upon the addition of Fe3+, the dramatic enhancement of both fluorescence and absorbance intensity, as well as the color change of the solution, could be observed. The detection limit of RAE for Fe3+ was around 7.98 ppb. Common coexistent metal ions showed little or no interference in the detection of Fe3+. Moreover, the addition of CN− could quench the fluorescence of the acetonitrile solution of RAE and Fe3+, indicating the regeneration of the chemosensor RAE. The robust nature of the sensor was shown by the detection of Fe3+ even after repeated rounds of quenching. As iron is a ubiquitous metal in cells and plays vital roles in many biological processes, this chemosensor could be developed to have applications in biological studies.
Hybrid ZnO:polystyrene nanocomposite for all‐polymer photonic crystals
Authors: Lova Paola , Manfredi Giovanni , Boarino Luca , Laus Michele , Urbinati Giulia , Losco Tonia , Marabelli Franco , Caratto Valentina , Ferretti Maurizio , Castellano Maila , Soci Cesare , Comoretto Davide 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report on ZnO nanoparticles‐polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites (NC) engineered to modify PS matrix permeability and refractive index (n), and to fabricate 1D all‐polymer photonic crystals (PC) for sensing applications. The new NC can be easily processed from solutions to prepare high quality thin films by spin coating. ZnO nanoparticles (n = 1.98) have been synthetized by solvothermal route and grafted with a silane to reduce phase segregation in the PS matrix (n = 1.58). Such procedure led to an increase of the matrix refractive index of about 1%. By casting alternated layers of the NC and cellulose acetate (CA, n = 1.46), we fabricated free‐standing and flexible distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) of excellent optical quality. Preliminary results on the use of such DBRs as solvent vapor sensors are reported. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Metronomic capecitabine as extended adjuvant chemotherapy in women with triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Alagizy HA , Shehata MA , Hashem TA , Abdelaziz KK , Swiha MM 
Published: November 2014

PURPOSE:
High interest in triple-negative breast cancers is not surprising as this category of patients benefits neither from hormonal therapies nor from anti HER2 treatments. Blockade of angiogenesis by metronomic chemotherapy as well as other antiangiogenics might improve outcomes in this group of patients. This study aims to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of metronomic capecitabine as extended adjuvant treatment for women with triple-negative breast cancer.

METHODS:
This is a prospective phase II study that included 41 patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer and who were indicated for adjuvant chemotherapy. They received capecitabine 500 mg PO twice daily and continuously for six months after finishing six cycles of adjuvant FEC100 ± postoperative radiotherapy.

RESULTS:
Forty-one patients were enrolled in this study between June 2010 and December 2013. Median age was 50 years ranging from 27 to 67 years. Treatment was well tolerated. Adverse effects were grade 1 palmar- plantar erythrodysesthesia in 13 patients (31.7%); grade 1 diarrhea in five patients (12.2%); and grade 1 vomiting in two patients (4.9%). Estimated median follow-up duration was 34 months. Estimated mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 42.4 months (95% CI, 39.02-45.79), while median DFS was not reached. Estimated mean overall survival was 44.34 months (95% CI 41.9-46.9).

CONCLUSION:
Extended adjuvant metronomic capecitabine is well tolerated with patient compliance. These results need to be compared in a study with control arm, larger sample, as well as longer follow-up.
Atmochemical mercury dispersion aureoles over active geologic structures of the northern Sea of Japan
Authors: Kalinchuk V.V. , Astakhov A.S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In the autumn of 2010, contrasting dispersion aureoles of atomic mercury were revealed in the northern Sea of Japan, in the vicinity of the Vityaz’ and Alpatov Rises. Based on the elimination method, the assumption is made that the aureoles resulted from the supply of mercury from hydrothermal or water–gas bottom sources through the sea water column, either in gas bubbles or as a result of diffusion and turbulent mixing. It is inferred that gas–mercury measurements can be used in geological research in sea water areas.
Peridotites from the Kamchatsky Mys: evidence of oceanic mantle melting near a hotspot
Authors: Batanova V.G. , Lyaskovskaya Z.E. , Savelieva G.N. , Sobolev A.V. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A suite of mantle peridotites sampled in the Kamchatsky Mys includes spinel lherzolite, clinopyroxene-bearing harzburgite, and harzburgite. Mineral chemistry of olivine, chromian spinel, and clinopyroxene show strongly correlated element patterns typical of peridotite formed by 8% to more than 22% partial melting. Clinopyroxene in the Kamchatka peridotites is compositionally different from that of both abyssal and suprasubduction varieties: Clinopyroxene in lherzolite is depleted in LREE relative to abyssal peridotite and that in harzburgite has very low LREE and Sr unlike the subduction-related counterpart. These composition features indicate that the rocks ultra-depleted in basaltic components originated in the vicinity of a hotspot, possibly, proto-Hawaiian plume, which provided high temperature and melting degree of the MORB source mantle at mid-ocean ridge.
Reconstructions of long-term ground surface heat flux changes from deep-borehole temperature data
Authors: Demezhko D.Yu. , Gornostaeva A.A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Based on analysis of geothermal data from the Ural superdeep borehole (SG-4) and Onega parametric borehole, the first reconstructions of ground surface heat flux changes for the last 40 kyr have been made. The increase in heat flux during the Pleistocene–Holocene warming (20–10 ka) proceeded ~ 2 kyr earlier than the growth in surface temperature; reaching the maximum value of 0.08–0.13 W/m2 at ~ 13 ka, the heat flux was reduced. The coordinated changes in heat flux and average annual insolation at 60° N at 5-24 ka indicate that the orbital factors were the main cause of climatic changes in this period. The correlations between the changes in heat flux and CO2 content in the Antarctic ice cores and the temperature changes are analyzed.
© 2014, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Age-specific suicide mortality following non-fatal self-harm: national cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Tidemalm D. , Beckman K. , Dahlin M. , Vaez M. , Lichtenstein P. , Långström N. , Runeson B. 
Published: November 2014

Background.Possible age-related differences in risk of completed suicide following non-fatal self-harm remain unexplored. We examined associations between self-harm and completed suicide across age groups of self-harming patients, and whether these associations varied by violent index method, presence of mental disorder, and repeated self-harm.Method.The design was a cohort study with linked national registers in Sweden. The study population comprised individuals aged ⩾10 years hospitalized during 1990–1999 due to non-fatal self-harm (n = 53 843; 58% females) who were followed for 9–19 years. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) across age groups (age at index self-harm episode), with time to completed suicide as outcome.Results.The 1-year HR for suicide among younger males (10–19 years) was 14.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.1–51.9] for violent method and 8.4 (95% CI 1.8–40.0) for mental disorder. By contrast, none of the three potential risk factors increased the 1-year risks in the youngest females. Among patients aged ⩾20 years, the 1-year HR for violent method was 4.6 (95% CI 3.8–5.4) for males and 10.4 (95% CI 8.3–13.0) for females. HRs for repeated self-harm during years 2–9 of follow-up were higher in 10- to 19-year-olds (males: HR 4.0, 95% CI 2.0–7.8; females: HR 3.7, 95% CI 2.1–6.5). The ⩾20 years age groups had higher HRs than the youngest, particularly for females and especially within 1 year.Conclusions.Violent method and mental disorder increase the 1-year suicide risk in young male self-harm patients. Further, violent method increases suicide risk within 1 year in all age and gender groups except the youngest females. Repeated self-harm may increase the long-term risk more in young patients. These aspects should be accounted for in clinical suicide risk assessment.
National—ethnic narratives in eleventh-century literary representations of Cnut
Authors: Hobson Jacob 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article takes literary representations of Cnut, the Danish conqueror of England, as a case study of the construction of English identity in the eleventh century. It traces representations of Cnut in four literary texts composed over the course of the century: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Knútsdrápur, the Encomium Emmae Reginae, and Osbern of Canterbury's Translatio Sancti Ælfegi. Each of these texts constructs a politically useful national—ethnic identity through the figure of Cnut, using the mechanisms of kingship, piety and devotion, language, place and literary tradition to work through the particular exigencies faced by the audiences that they seek to address.
BENEFITS OF MOBILE REPORTING SYSTEMS IN SOCIAL HOME CARE: THE CASE OF SEVEN SWEDISH MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: Han Shengnan , Juell-Skielse Gustaf , Smedberg Åsa , Aasi Parisa , Nilsson Anders G. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: Mobile systems are widely adopted in healthcare services. Mobile reporting systems have been recently introduced for social home care by municipalities in Sweden. The study aims to assess the benefits of using these systems.Methods: We followed an expert survey approach. Data were collected by means of telephone interviews with the experts in charge of managing and implementing the systems at the municipalities. In addition, several workshops were organized for assessing the economic value of the systems at one municipality. We performed thematic analysis and cost-benefit analysis of the data.Results: The thematic analysis showed the three main benefits of using the mobile reporting systems in social home care: municipal benefits, care providers’ benefits, and care recipients’ benefits. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that the systems could bring substantial long-term economic value for municipalities. The results also revealed the difficulties encountered at the early stage of the deployment and implementation of the systems.Conclusions: The mobile systems yield benefits for all the actors, that is, municipalities, care recipients and care providers. These enhance the public-private coordination and cooperation in social home care in Sweden. The municipalities are called upon to address change management and technical challenges in the implementation.
Chemical activation inRhinella arenarumoocytes: effect of dehydroleucodine (DhL) and its hydrogenated derivative (2H-DhL)
Authors: Medina M.F. , Bühler M.I. , Sánchez-Toranzo G. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryMature oocytes are arrested in metaphase II due to the presence of high levels of active maturation promoting factor (MPF). After fertilization, active MPF levels decline abruptly, enabling oocytes to complete meiosis II. One of the first and universal events of oocyte activation is an increase in cytosolic Ca2+that would be responsible for MPF inactivation. Mature oocytes can also be activated by parthenogenetic activation. The aims of this work are to test the ability of dehydroleucodine (DhL) and its hydrogenated derivative 11,13-dihydro-dehydroleucodine (2H-DhL) to induce chemical activation in amphibian oocytes and to study the participation of calcium in the process. Results indicated that DhL and 2H-DhL induced oocyte activation in a dose-dependent manner. After 90 min of treatment, DhL 36 μM was able to induce 95% activation, while 2H-DhL 36 μM was less active, with only 40% activation. Our results suggest that DhL induced the inhibition of MPF activity, probably by an increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration. Extracellular Ca2+would not be significant, although Ca2+release from intracellular stores is critical. In this sense, IP3Rs and RyRs were involved in the Ca2+transient induced by lactones. In this species, RyRs appears to be the largest contributor to Ca2+release in DhL-induced activation. Although more studies are needed on the mechanism of action through which these lactones induce oocyte activation inRhinella arenarum, the results of this research provide interesting perspectives for the use of these lactones as chemical activators inin vitrofertilization and cloning.
Middens, memory and the effect of waste. Beyond symbolic meaning in archaeological deposits. An early medieval case study
Authors: Jervis Ben 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBuilding upon the debate published in volume 19 ofArchaeological dialogues, this contribution explores how, rather than seeing deposits as meaningful, we can move to explore the processes through which things and spaces become waste as well as the broader social effects of these processes in relation to elements of identity and sense of place. An extended case study of depositional practice in the early medieval settlement of Hamwic (Southampton, UK) is presented, to demonstrate how depositional practice caused waste, people and spaces to develop particular meaning in the emergence of an urban settlement, and served as a medium for the negotiation of continuity and change in the lives of the settlement and its inhabitants.
Antisocial media in archaeology?
Authors: Walker Dominic 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn increasing number of individual archaeologists, archaeological organizations and institutions are using social media platforms for professional discussion and networking, research, public outreach and community archaeology. Proponents of social media have particularly pointed towards their potential for transforming the means of networking and communication in archaeology, and challenging traditional disciplinary expertise as archaeologists engage with more diverse and active online publics. This article provides a theoretically informed critical discussion, pointing towards the complex barriers to equal Internet access and usage, which challenge the ability of archaeologists to use social media as a tool to democratize the discipline. It concludes that, in many cases, social media appear to have reinforced archaeological authority at the expense of genuinely decentred engagement or collaboration. The article acts as a challenge to encourage further debate and empirically informed research in this emerging area of archaeological practice.
Agreement between bovine respiratory disease scoring systems for pre-weaned dairy calves
Authors: Aly Sharif S. , Love William J. , Williams Deniece R. , Lehenbauer Terry W. , Van Eenennaam Alison , Drake Christiana , Kass Philip H. , Farver Thomas B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClinical scoring systems have been proposed for respiratory disease diagnosis in calves, including the Wisconsin (WI) system (McGuirk in 2008) which uses five clinical signs, each partitioned into four levels of severity. Recently, we developed the California (CA) bovine respiratory disease (BRD) scoring system requiring less calf handling and consisting of six clinical signs, each classified as normal or abnormal. The objective of this study was to estimate the on-farm agreement between the WI and the CA scoring systems. A total of 100 calves were enrolled on a CA dairy and assessed for BRD case status using the two scoring systems simultaneously. The Kappa coefficient of agreement between these two systems was estimated to be 0.85, which indicated excellent agreement beyond chance. The simpler design and reduced calf handling required by the CA BRD scoring system may make it advantageous for on-farm use.
Investigating ‘place effects’ on mental health: implications for population-based studies in psychiatry
Authors: Astell-Burt T. , Feng X. 
Published: November 2014

Background.Interest in features of our local environments that may promote better mental health and wellbeing continues to rise among decision makers. Our purpose was to highlight a selection of these challenges and some promising avenues for enhancing the quality of evidence.Method.An analysis of approximately 267, 000 people was used to test the local relative deprivation hypothesis, wherein the shortfall of a person's socioeconomic circumstances from their neighbours is said to impact negatively upon mental health. This case was used to anchor further discussion of challenges to identifying and interpreting genuine ‘place effects’ from spurious correlations.Results.A Median Odds Ratio of 1.29 computed via multilevel logistic regression showed that the odds of experiencing psychological distress (as measured by the Kessler score) varied by geographical area. Approximately 67% of this was attributed to a cross-classified measure of household income and neighbourhood deprivation. Compared to people on high incomes living in affluent neighbourhoods, the odds ratio of psychological distress for people on low incomes in affluent areas was 4.73 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.39, 5.09), whereas that for people on low incomes in deprived areas was significantly higher at 5.83 (95% CI 5.41, 6.28).Conclusions.While no evidence was found to support local relative deprivation hypothesis, the pattern suggests that more affluent areas may contain features that are conducive to better mental health. Selection of bespoke geographical boundaries, use of directed acyclic graphs and more evaluations of natural experiments are likely to be important in taking the field of enquiry onwards.
Targeted and genome-wide sequencing reveal single nucleotide variations impacting specificity of Cas9 in human stem cells
Authors: Yang Luhan , Grishin Dennis , Wang Gang , Aach John , Zhang Cheng-Zhong , Chari Raj , Homsy Jason , Cai Xuyu , Zhao Yue , Fan Jian-Bing , Seidman Christine , Seidman Jonathan , Pu William , Church George 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 has demonstrated a high-efficiency in site-specific gene targeting. However, potential off-target effects of the Cas9 nuclease represent a major safety concern for any therapeutic application. Here, we knock out the Tafazzin gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in human-induced pluripotent stem cells with 54% efficiency. We combine whole-genome sequencing and deep-targeted sequencing to characterise the off-target effects of Cas9 editing. Whole-genome sequencing of Cas9-modified hiPSC clones detects neither gross genomic alterations nor elevated mutation rates. Deep sequencing of in silico predicted off-target sites in a population of Cas9-treated cells further confirms high specificity of Cas9. However, we identify a single high-efficiency off-target site that is generated by a common germline single-nucleotide variant (SNV) in our experiment. Based on in silico analysis, we estimate a likelihood of SNVs creating off-target sites in a human genome to be ~1.5–8.5%, depending on the genome and site-selection method, but also note that mutations might be generated at these sites only at low rates and may not have functional consequences. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of highly specific clonal ex vivo gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and highlights the value of whole-genome sequencing before personalised CRISPR design.
Epigenetic memory of the first cell fate decision prevents complete ES cell reprogramming into trophoblast
Authors: Cambuli Francesco , Murray Alexander , Dean Wendy , Dudzinska Dominika , Krueger Felix , Andrews Simon , Senner Claire E. , Cook Simon J. , Hemberger Myriam 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEmbryonic (ES) and trophoblast (TS) stem cells reflect the first, irrevocable cell fate decision in development that is reinforced by distinct epigenetic lineage barriers. Nonetheless, ES cells can seemingly acquire TS-like characteristics upon manipulation of lineage-determining transcription factors or activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway. Here we have interrogated the progression of reprogramming in ES cell models with regulatable Oct4 and Cdx2 transgenes or conditional Erk1/2 activation. Although trans-differentiation into TS-like cells is initiated, lineage conversion remains incomplete in all models, underpinned by the failure to demethylate a small group of TS cell genes. Forced expression of these non-reprogrammed genes improves trans-differentiation efficiency, but still fails to confer a stable TS cell phenotype. Thus, even ES cells in ground-state pluripotency cannot fully overcome the boundaries that separate the first cell lineages but retain an epigenetic memory of their ES cell origin.
Photon-assisted tunnelling with nonclassical light
Authors: Souquet J. -R. , Woolley M. J. , Gabelli J. , Simon P. , Clerk A. A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAmong the most exciting recent advances in the field of superconducting quantum circuits is the ability to coherently couple microwave photons in low-loss cavities to quantum electronic conductors. These hybrid quantum systems hold great promise for quantum information-processing applications; even more strikingly, they enable exploration of new physical regimes. Here we study theoretically the new physics emerging when a quantum electronic conductor is exposed to nonclassical microwaves (for example, squeezed states, Fock states). We study this interplay in the experimentally relevant situation where a superconducting microwave cavity is coupled to a conductor in the tunnelling regime. We find that the conductor acts as a nontrivial probe of the microwave state: the emission and absorption of photons by the conductor is characterized by a nonpositive definite quasi-probability distribution, which is related to the Glauber–Sudarshan P-function of quantum optics. These negative quasi-probabilities have a direct influence on the conductance of the conductor.