bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Initiatives for the Prevention of Bullying and Other Forms of Maltreatment
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
National initiatives to avert bullying and other forms of victimization have been developed around the world. More than 300 laws have been enacted globally in the last three decades, along with implementation of research-based prevention strategies. This chapter examines legislative initiatives in the context of their preventive objectives, which could be prevention of victimization from occurring, stopping ongoing maltreatment, and/or preventing the progression of health problems associated with abuse. Future laws for the prevention of victimization should recognize the co-occurrence of diverse types of maltreatment across social settings and along the life span, as well as their link to public health risks. Therefore, future national legislative initiatives ought to be drafted within a public health framework, with a prevention approach geared to all age groups, through developmentally appropriate strategies.
Workplace Bullying and Other Forms of Maltreatment
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines what is known about the nature and prevalence of bullying and other forms of maltreatment occurring at work. In contrast to previous reviews of this subject, it widens the range of potential victims and perpetrators by including the customers in the scope of work environment stakeholders. In doing so, the review advances the notion that the field of workplace victimization should also encompass the study of potential maltreatment between consumers and providers and/or the corporations that employ them. Emphasis is given to the mistreatment of employees by their employers or corporations through endangerment, misguidance, unfairness, and, above all, overwork. It is recommended that future public health research related to workplace bullying consider, among other objectives, the development of large well-controlled studies of interventions aimed at workplace maltreatment prevention, as well the implementation of periodic national or regional surveys to ascertain the rate of prevalence of workplace maltreatment and associated health and well-being risks.
Bullying and Other Forms of Maltreatment in Cyberspace
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores what is known about all forms of maltreatment that may affect people who interact in cyberspace. It examines cyberbullying and cybercrimes, their prevalence, correlates, and ill effects, along with a brief synopsis of existing cyberbullying prevention strategies. The chapter recommends that future research attempting cross-country comparisons of youth prevalence of cyberbullying and its health correlates would benefit from access to the national data collected by more than 90 countries or territories in the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS), an international surveillance project designed to measure and assess behavioral risk factors, including cyberbullying, among young people 13 to 17 years old. The chapter also highlights the need to establish cross-country comparisons of the prevalence of cyberbullying among adults, as well as the necessity to develop longitudinal studies to better ascertain the antecedents and health consequence of exposure to cyberbullying across the life span, as well as its association with other forms of victimization. Furthermore, the chapter proposes a cybervictimization definition that is specific and inclusive of the wide range of forms of maltreatment in cyberspace.
Extreme genetic signatures of local adaptation in a notorious rice pest, Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Peng Yan , Mao Kaikai , Li Hongran , Ping Junfen , Zhu Jingyun , Liu Xinye , Zhang Zhuting , Jin Minghui , Wu Chao , Wang Nan , Yesaya Alexander , Wilson Kenneth , Xiao Yutao 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Climatic variation stands as a significant driving force behind genetic differentiation and the evolution of adaptive traits. Chilo (C.) suppressalis, commonly known as the rice stem borer, is a highly destructive pest that crucially harms rice production. The lack of natural population genomics data has hindered a more thorough understanding of its climate adaptation, particularly the genetic basis underlying adaptive traits. To overcome this obstacle, our study employed completely resequenced genomes of 384 individuals to explore the population structure, demographic history, and gene flow of C. suppressalis in China. This study observed that its gene flow occurred asymmetrically, moving from central populations to peripheral populations. Using genome-wide selection scans and genotype-environment association studies, we identified potential loci that may be associated with climatic adaptation. The most robust signal was found to be associated with cold tolerance, linked to a homeobox gene, goosecoid (GSC), whose expression level was significantly different in low and high latitudes. Moreover, downregulating the expression of this gene by RNAi enhances its cold tolerance phenotypes. Our findings have uncovered and delved into the genetic foundation of the ability of C. suppressalis to adapt to its environment. This is essential in ensuring the continued effectiveness and sustainability of novel control techniques.
Understanding and Framing Change in Islamic Law: Potentials and Possible Pitfalls of the Concepts of Canonization and Codification
Authors: Hovden Eirik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Conservative and populist notions of Islamic law, or Sharīʿa, emphasize its immutability. While the textual nature of traditional Islamic jurisprudence supports this conception, academic research in recent decades demonstrates that Islamic law saw constant change and development. We also witness an increasing acknowledgement that several processes of change do not always follow the rich and advanced emic narratives and theories of how change allegedly did or should happen. The possibility of change is also intimately connected to theories of authority, where normative and descriptive models may give different pictures. Several historians and anthropologists of Islamic law have resorted to ‘canonization’ and ‘codification’ as concepts employed to understand and frame significant change, partly intending to create an analytical distance to the study object, unrestricted by the Islamic tradition. While the two concepts have hitherto been employed separately, they have one thing in common: their focus on selection and authorization. This article will first demonstrate how these concepts have been used in Islamic legal studies and then further argue that by juxtaposing and comparing these two concepts, new insights can be gained regarding their potentials and pitfalls.
Users involvement in the electronic health information systems development process in Uganda: what is missing in relation to requirements gathering and analysis
Authors: Akello Christine Kalumera , Nabukenya Josephine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
User involvement in the electronic health information systems (eHIS) development process is crucial for gathering and analysing requirements that accurately reflect user needs. This is because their involvement is linked to the gathering and analysis of requirements that align with user needs. However, several studies reveal that there is still limited user involvement during these crucial phases, leading to the development of ineffective and inefficient systems that do not reflect user needs. Thus, this study explored how users were involved in the requirements gathering and analysis phases during eHIS development, with an aim of identifying the missing elements that hindered the design of more effective and effective eHIS. A cross-sectional survey, encompassing secondary and primary users, explored their involvement in the requirements gathering, analysis and design phases, using both open-ended and close ended questionnaires. Respondents (n = 140) were purposively selected from 20 organizations in northern and central Uganda. Data were cleaned and analysed using Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed a dominant use of a top-down approach, favouring the capture of high-level requirements at the Ministry of Health level, and among implementing partners. However, less attention was given to gathering and analysing requirements from facility-level users. Even when collected, primary users reported that their opinions and recommendations were often ignored/disregarded, resulting in eHIS designs with usability-related challenges. This study underscores the critical need for active user involvement in the early stages of eHIS development to ensure alignment with user needs and work practices.
Mary Magdalene in Early Modern Visual and Material Culture
Authors: Moseley-Christian Michelle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The fragmented narrative that describes the figure and life of Mary Magdalene, stitched together from interpretations of New Testament figures, homilies, and apocrypha, was given a coherent visual identity in the visual and material culture of the Early Modern period, c.1400–1700. Linked to a catalogue of iconography that includes her hair, ointment jar, sumptuous garments, the landscape of her penitential retreat, books, and musical instruments, the saint was fitted to a reliable set of themes that reference these critical moments from her life: witness at the tomb, reveling in worldly luxuries, as a tearful penitent, and as a wilderness outcast. Early Modern depictions of Mary Magdalene are remarkable for their diversity and consistency, making her one of the most creatively and frequently visualized holy figures outside of the Virgin and Christ from the end of the Middle Ages through the Enlightenment.
Mary Magdalene in Christian Hymnody, Liturgical Music, and Drama
Authors: Loewen Peter V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The various ways liturgists, dramatists, and song composers expound the details of Mary Magdalene’s life shows that her cult was a work in progress. Her identity was a source of considerable debate in the course of the Middle Ages. But when Pope Gregory the Great (c.540–604, r. 590–604) conflated Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha, with of the women whom Jesus liberated of devils, and who anointed Jesus and wept at his feet and dried them with her hair, she became a complex, ardent, and a relatable personality. The church would go on to promulgate this conflated identity through its plainchants for Magdalene’s office. Taken together with the large repertory of medieval songs and dramas, Magdalene appears as a saintly avatar representing every human condition.
The specificities, influencing factors, and medical implications of bone circadian rhythms
Authors: Mei Gang , Wang Jinyu , Wang Jiajia , Ye Lanxiang , Yi Ming , Chen Guangjin , Zhang Yifan , Tang Qingming , Chen Lili 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhysiological processes within the human body are regulated in approximately 24‐h cycles known as circadian rhythms, serving to adapt to environmental changes. Bone rhythms play pivotal roles in bone development, metabolism, mineralization, and remodeling processes. Bone rhythms exhibit cell specificity, and different cells in bone display various expressions of clock genes. Multiple environmental factors, including light, feeding, exercise, and temperature, affect bone diurnal rhythms through the sympathetic nervous system and various hormones. Disruptions in bone diurnal rhythms contribute to the onset of skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and skeletal hypoplasia. Conversely, these bone diseases can be effectively treated when aimed at the circadian clock in bone cells, including the rhythmic expressions of clock genes and drug targets. In this review, we describe the unique circadian rhythms in physiological activities of various bone cells. Then we summarize the factors synchronizing the diurnal rhythms of bone with the underlying mechanisms. Based on the review, we aim to build an overall understanding of the diurnal rhythms in bone and summarize the new preventive and therapeutic strategies for bone disorders.
Heritable Thrombophilia and Increased Risk for Venous Thromboembolism Despite Thromboprophylaxis After Pelvis or Acetabulum Fracture
Authors: Shah Nihar S. , Pierrie Sarah N. , Agel Julie , Firoozabadi Reza , Sagi H. Claude 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Individuals with pelvic and acetabular fractures are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum markers for thrombophilia and rapid thromboelastography (r-TEG) values correlate with increased VTE risk among patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures.

METHODS:
.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Two urban academic level 1 trauma centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult patients with isolated pelvis and/or acetabulum fractures (OTA/AO 61 and 62) treated surgically placed on a standardized VTE chemoprophylaxis regimen with enoxaparin over a 5-year period were included.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Serum r-TEG, coagulation laboratory values, and markers for heritable thrombophilia were drawn postoperatively and after completion of a 6-week course of enoxaparin. The primary outcome was VTE event (either deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) diagnosed using a Duplex ultrasound, chest computed tomography angiogram, or lung ventilation–perfusion ordered based on clinical suspicion of a VTE event. Laboratory markers and values were then compared between patients who went on to have a VTE event and those who did not and patients with and without markers of thrombophilia.

RESULTS:
One hundred thirty-three adult patients with isolated operative pelvic and/or acetabular fractures were enrolled in this study. The average age of patients at time of injury was 48.3 years (range 18–91). Sixty-seven percent of patients in the study were (n = 90) males. Sixty-three percent of patients (n = 84) completed both clinical and laboratory follow-up. Forty-one percent of patients (n = 54) had 1 or more markers of heritable thrombophilia. Twelve percent (n = 10) of patients who completed follow-up were diagnosed with VTE. Age, sex, and smoking status were not associated with VTE. Patients who developed VTE had a higher body mass index (P = 0.04). Having more than 1 marker of heritable thrombophilia (P = 0.004) and an r-TEG mean amplitude greater than 72 mm postoperatively was positively associated with VTE (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients treated surgically for isolated pelvic and acetabular fractures who received enoxaparin prophylaxis, the presence of more than 1 marker of heritable thrombophilia or r-TEG mean amplitude value greater than 72 mm postoperatively was associated with an increased risk of VTE.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Scoliosis Development in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Influences of Genetic Severity, Functional Level, and Disease-Modifying Treatments
Authors: Ciftci Sadettin , Ulusaloglu Armagan C. , Shrader M. Wade , Scavina Mena T. , Mackenzie William G. , Heinle Robert , Neal Kevin M. , Stall Alec , Howard Jason J. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by abnormalities of the survival motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene, leading to deficiency in SMN protein and loss of spinal cord alpha motor neurons. Newer disease-modifying agents (DMA) targeting the involved genes, including nusinersen and gene replacement therapies, have improved gross motor and respiratory function, but their impact on scoliosis development has not been established. This study aimed to determine risk factors for scoliosis development in SMA, specifically genetic severity and DMA use.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, children with SMA and minimum 2-year follow-up were included. The primary outcome was the prevalence of clinically relevant scoliosis. Secondary outcomes included SMA type, SMN2 copy number, Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (HFMS), ambulatory status [functional mobility scale at 50m (FMS50)], DMA use, and hip displacement as risk factors. Univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify dependent/independent risk factors.

Results:
One hundred sixty-five patients (51% female) with SMA types I-III met the inclusion criteria, with total follow-up of 9.8 years. The prevalence of scoliosis was 79%; age of onset 7.9 years. The major curve angle for the entire cohort at first assessment and final follow-up was 37 degrees (SD: 27 degrees) and 62 degrees (SD: 31 degrees) (P<0.0001), respectively. Significant risk factors for scoliosis by univariate analysis were SMA type (I/II, P=0.02), HFMS (>23, P<0.001), nonambulatory status (FMS50=1, P<0.0001), DMA treatment (P=0.02), and hip displacement (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that HFMS >23 (P=0.02) and DMA (P=0.05) treatment were independent (protective) risk factors.

Conclusions:
The development of scoliosis in SMA is high, with risk factors associated with proxy measures of disease severity, including SMA type, nonambulatory status, hip displacement, and most notably, gross motor function (by HFMS). DMA use and HFMS >23 were associated with a decreased risk of scoliosis development. Identified risk factors can be used in the development of surveillance programs for early detection of scoliosis in SMA.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
A contemporary step-by-step guide to performing flexible ureterorenoscopy for renal calculi
Authors: Fonseka Thomas , Melchionna Alberto , De Luyk Nicolo , Arumuham Vimoshan , Choong Simon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With advancements in laser technology and urological techniques, flexible ureterorenoscopy has emerged as a vital surgical approach for managing stone disease. Various techniques can be employed to customize endourological stone treatments. Despite the continuous evolution of equipment, it remains crucial to comprehend the fundamental steps of the procedure. This paper offers a comprehensive step-by-step guide that integrates the latest advancements in both scopes and lasers. Additionally, it outlines potential pitfalls and strategies to circumvent them, aiming to achieve optimal stone clearance and deliver individualized patient care safely and efficiently.
Adolescent predictors of young adult pain and health outcomes: results from a 6-year prospective follow-up study
Authors: Murray Caitlin B. , Li Rui , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita , Zhou Chuan , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Adolescent chronic pain may lead to persistent disability and long-term health impairments in adulthood. However, our understanding of which youth are more likely to experience adverse outcomes remains limited. To address this gap, this longitudinal cohort study examined adolescent predictors of various dimensions of young adult health and functioning, including pain, physical health, depression, anxiety, social isolation, and sleep disturbance. As part of a previous clinical trial, we recruited a cohort of adolescents (ages 11-17 years, M age = 14 years) with non–disease-related chronic pain from 15 tertiary pain clinics in North America. Approximately 6 years later, 229 of the original 273 individuals (81% participation rate) completed a follow-up survey as young adults (ages 18-25 years, M age = 21 years). At the young adult follow-up, 73% reported continued chronic pain, with two-thirds experiencing moderate-to-severe pain interference. Youth reported several adverse health outcomes, including below-average physical health (37%), clinically elevated depression (42%), clinically elevated anxiety (48%), and sleep disturbances (77%). Multivariate regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic characteristics revealed that higher pain intensity, more pain locations, lower sleep quality, and greater anxiety symptoms in adolescence predicted worse pain outcomes in young adulthood. Moreover, lower sleep quality, greater anxiety symptoms, and worse family functioning predicted worse physical and psychosocial health in adulthood. These findings represent an important first step toward identifying ways to optimize psychological pain interventions. Tailored psychological pain interventions can directly target adolescent vulnerabilities, including mood, sleep, and family risk factors, with the potential to disrupt a lifelong trajectory of pain and suffering.
The polymorphism Val158Met in the COMT gene: disrupted dopamine system in fibromyalgia patients?
Authors: Gerra Maria Carla , Dallabona Cristina , Manfredini Matteo , Giordano Rocco , Capriotti Camilla , González-Villar Alberto , Triñanes Yolanda , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Carrillo-de-la-Peña Maria Teresa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4680 in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) is a missense variant (Val158Met) associated with altered activity of the COMT enzyme and suggested as a predictive feature for developing some chronic pain conditions. However, there are controversial results on its role in fibromyalgia (FM). Here, the SNP Val158Met was analyzed in 294 FM patients (without comorbidities) and 209 healthy controls (without chronic pain). The concurrent impact of Val158Met genotypes and FM comorbid disorders (depression and sleep impairment) on FM risk were tested. In addition, the genotypic distribution of FM patients in relation to pain intensity was evaluated. The G allele (Val) resulted in being more represented in the FM group (57.8%) compared with the control group (48.8%; P = 0.037). Logistic regression highlighted that having the G/G (Val/Val) homozygous genotype was associated with 2 times higher risk of having FM compared with the A/A (Met/Met) carriers (P = 0.038), whereas depression and sleep impairment increased FM risk by 12 and 8 times, respectively (P < 0.001). However, considering only the FM patient group, the A/A homozygous genotype was significantly associated with severe pain intensity (P = 0.007). This study highlighted associations between the SNP Val158Met and both FM and pain intensity, suggesting a link between dopaminergic dysfunction and vulnerability to chronic pain. Further studies should explore this SNP in FM patients in conjunction with COMT enzymatic activity and other symptoms connected with the dopaminergic system such as depression or sleep impairment.