bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive assessment of student engagement with web‐based guided learning
Authors: Katuk Norliza 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate student engagement in guided web‐based learning systems. It looks into students' engagement and their behavioral patterns in two types of guided learning systems (i.e. a fully‐ and a partially‐guided). The research also aims to demonstrate how the engagement evolves from the beginning towards the end of the interactions; which enables analysis to be performed on the quality of engagement.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental study was conducted on 41 students from a public university in Malaysia using two web‐based systems as the main learning tools. The students' engagement data were captured three times during the interactions and once at the end of the experimental study using student self‐report.FindingsThe main outcome of this study suggests that student engagement was changing over time either in positive or negative patterns. The directions of change in both types of guided learning were mainly influenced by the students' background of knowledge.Practical implicationsThis study demonstrates that student engagement is dynamic. Therefore, progressive assessment is a practical approach to obtain the engagement data which can be used to regulate and improve student engagement in web‐based systems. As a result, an adaptive and intelligent web‐based learning environment can be created.Originality/valueThis research proposes a new approach to improve students' engagement in web‐based instruction, that is, through a progressive assessment of their current experience.
The corporate digital footprint: exactly who owns and controls it? The emergence of the digital director
Authors: Dumeresque David 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to address the subject of the corporate digital footprint. The explosion of social media networks has created major opportunities for companies and employees alike, yet many senior executives don't fully understand how to harness its power or, indeed, how to maintain control of it. Mastering the social media tools and creating a meaningful digital footprint can produce significant corporate value. Chief executive officers are beginning to realize that in order to take advantage of the digital evolution, they need someone who can capitalize on the robust and dynamic flow of data, knowledge and information across all business interests and through social media streams. The concept of the digital director is now emerging. The head of digital strategy will have ultimate control of the corporate digital agenda and be accountable for the organization's digital identity, both on a corporate and an individual level.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses some important issues relating to the use of social media networks by employees, and the need for a different set of competencies and business‐related expertise to manage the corporate digital footprint.FindingsMastering the social media tools and creating a meaningful digital footprint can produce significant corporate value. To take advantage of the digital evolution, companies need someone who can control and use the flow of data, knowledge and information across all business interests and through social media streams. The concept of the digital director is emerging.Originality/valueThe issues addressed will benefit senior management by improving their understanding of how best to manage and control their organization's digital identity.
Increasing female representation on company boards: an interview with Regina Eckert, Senior Research Associate, Center for Creative Leadership, USA
Authors: by Gareth Bell Interview 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an interview with Regina Eckert, Senior Research Associate, Center for Creative Leadership, USA.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of an interview.FindingsIn the following interview, Regina Eckert discusses the issues facing women leaders, the negative stereotypes that persist, and the barriers to increased female representation on company boardsOriginality/valueEckert gives advice to aspiring female leaders, recommending women develop greater networking skills to ensure they have the support and visibility to move into more senior roles.
The effect of design on maintenance for school buildings in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Ali A.S. , Keong K.C. , Zakaria N. , Zolkafli U. , Akashah F. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to focus on identifying building elements with design defects and established the relationship between design defects and difficulties in carrying out maintenance works.Design/methodology/approachA total of four cases have been selected covering primary‐ and secondary‐level for both National and National‐type schools (commonly known as vernacular schools). Interviews with school management were carried out throughout the study to assess the common design defects in the buildings.FindingsA list of the design defects that have caused high maintenance cost was tabulated. It could be concluded that the most common design defects are building façade and missing slot underneath the floor slab which led to more defects.Research limitations/implicationsOnly four schools in Penang, Malaysia were involved in this study. Data were gathered from the school management and maintenance personnel. No data have been obtained from the designers because difficulties in tracing the designers record since the school age are more than 20 years.Practical implicationsThe study recommended that expert maintenance personnel shall be employed in the design stage to minimize design defects in school projects which in turn minimize the cost of building maintenance.Social ImplicationsSafety and health of the students could be affected if there is no accurate measures being adopted to overcome the issue.Originality/valueA very limited study has been carried out with regards to design maintenance for school buildings in Malaysia.
Information and communications technology and market segmentation in tourism: a review
Authors: Antti Pesonen Juho 
Published: June 2013

PurposeInformation and communication technologies (ICT) have had a profound impact on tourism marketing. For several decades one of the cornerstones of marketing has been market segmentation. The purpose of this paper is to examine how ICTs have affected market segmentation literature in tourism by the means of literature review.Design/methodology/approachAll segmentation articles published in Journal of Travel Research, Tourism Management and Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing since the year 2000 are reviewed by examining how ICTs have affected them. Content analysis is used to categorize the connection between ICTs and segmentation to seven categories.FindingsOnly three papers focusing on both ICT and segmentation were found among the 188 segmentation‐related studies reviewed. Altogether 58 market segmentation studies found were affected by ICTs but in most cases the effects are very limited.Research limitations/implicationsOnly three tourism journals were reviewed making it possible that some studies connected to the topic are not examined in this review.Practical implicationsThis study provides practitioners with a review of central findings regarding ICT use in market segmentation process published in recent academic literature.Originality/valueThis is the first study to review how ICTs have affected market segmentation in tourism. It provides a review of central papers discussing the topic and directions for future research. Overall, this research highlights the lack of research on the topic, as well as its importance for the future of tourism marketing.
Tools for measuring the intention for adapting to climate change by winter tourists: some thoughts on consumer behavior research and an empirical example
Authors: Pröbstl‐Haider Ulrike , Haider Wolfgang 
Published: June 2013

PurposeClimate change will lead to new environmental conditions in winter sport destinations. Even if the motivations of the visitors remain the same, climate change will inevitably influence their behavior. At the same time, tourism destinations try to influence visitor behavior by implementing adaptation strategies and offering new products. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of possible consumer research approaches from a destination's perspective.Design/methodology/approachIn order to study the influence of climate change on winter destinations in Austria, the authors adapted an existing behavioral framework to the model for proactive tourist adaptation to climate change, which is helpful to understand the influencing factors and the individual decision‐making process towards adaptation intention. Thereafter they used the results of a choice experiment (=intended behavior) to calibrate a decision support tool (DST) for a cross‐country skiing destination in Austria.FindingsThe paper presents a DST based on the choice experiment. The DST shows the changing market shares for three segments as a destination and its entrepreneurs attempt to identify the best opportunities for the various adaption strategies they can possibly consider. The authors suggest this as a suitable market research tool for proactive destination management.Research limitations/implicationsCompared to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), Choice experiments (CE) are less suitable to contribute to the understanding of behavior; at the same time, CEs are well suited to model intended behavior, and to predict the demand for currently non‐existing alternatives when past behavior might be a poor predictor.Practical implicationsThe authors propose a conceptual framework that explicitly combines the modeling of behavior and behavioral intention with relevant concepts of the individual customer's cognitive process. The authors want to ensure that destination managers are able to understand, and eventually direct and influence travel behavior as it relates to their local conditions, which in the context of climate change implies that the destination must lay the foundation for tomorrow's success while competing today.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on two main challenges related to destination choice in the context of climate change: tourists encounter a rather unique decision context, as their decision to visit is completely voluntary, and predicting visitor reactions to climate change enters uncharted waters as clients have not encountered these situations before.
Fear on the move: predator hunting mode predicts variation in prey mortality and plasticity in prey spatial response
Authors: Miller Jennifer R. B. , Ament Judith M. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryEcologists have long searched for a framework ofa priorispecies traits to help predict predator–prey interactions in food webs. Empirical evidence has shown that predator hunting mode and predator and prey habitat domain are useful traits for explaining predator–prey interactions. Yet, individual experiments have yet to replicate predator hunting mode, calling into question whether predator impacts can be attributed to hunting mode or merely species identity.We tested the effects of spider predators with sit‐and‐wait, sit‐and‐pursue and active hunting modes on grasshopper habitat domain, activity and mortality in a grassland system. We replicated hunting mode by testing two spider predator species of each hunting mode on the same grasshopper prey species. We observed grasshoppers with and without each spider species in behavioural cages and measured their mortality rates, movements and habitat domains. We likewise measured the movements and habitat domains of spiders to characterize hunting modes.We found that predator hunting mode explained grasshopper mortality and spider and grasshopper movement activity and habitat domain size. Sit‐and‐wait spider predators covered small distances over a narrow domain space and killed fewer grasshoppers than sit‐and‐pursue and active predators, which ranged farther distances across broader domains and killed more grasshoppers, respectively. Prey adjusted their activity levels and horizontal habitat domains in response to predator presence and hunting mode: sedentary sit‐and‐wait predators with narrow domains caused grasshoppers to reduce activity in the same‐sized domain space; more mobile sit‐and‐pursue predators with broader domains caused prey to reduce their activity within a contracted horizontal (but not vertical) domain space; and highly mobile active spiders led grasshoppers to increase their activity across the same domain area. All predators impacted prey activity, and sit‐and‐pursue predators generated strong effects on domain size.This study demonstrates the validity of utilizing hunting mode and habitat domain for predicting predator–prey interactions. Results also highlight the importance of accounting for flexibility in prey movement ranges as an anti‐predator response rather than treating the domain as a static attribute.
EDITOR'S CHOICE: Evaluating marine spatial closures with conflicting fisheries and conservation objectives
Authors: Dichmont Catherine M. , Ellis Nick , Bustamante Rodrigo H. , Deng Roy , Tickell Sharon , Pascual Ricardo , Lozano‐Montes Hector , Griffiths Shane 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Spatial management is used extensively in natural resource management to address sustainability and biodiversity issues, for example through declaration of terrestrial National Parks and marine protected areas (MPAs).

Spatial management is used also to optimize yields or protect key parts of the life cycle of species that are utilized (hunted, farmed or fished), for example through rotational harvesting.

To evaluate the effectiveness of marine spatial closures with conflicting fisheries and conservation objectives, a series of marine fisheries closures are here analysed using an integrative modelling tool known as management strategy evaluation (MSE).

This modelling framework combines a food web model of a tropical ecosystem fished by a prawn (shrimp) fishery that emulates the resource being managed, together with the present management system and risk‐based tools of fishing the prawn species at maximum economic yield.

A series of spatial closures are designed and tested with the aim of investigating trade‐offs among biodiversity (MPA), benthic impacts, ecosystem function, key species at risk to fishing, economic and sustainability objectives.

Synthesis and applications. This paper illustrates that existing tools often available in actively managed fisheries can be linked together into an effective management strategy evaluation framework. Spatial closures tended to succeed with respect to their specific design objective, but this benefit did not necessarily flow to other broad‐scale objectives. This demonstrates that there is no single management tool which satisfies all objectives, and that a suite of management tools is needed.
Use of Spatial Communication in Aphasia
Authors: Johnson Sarah , Cocks Naomi , Dipper Lucy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundSpatial communication consists of both verbal spatial language and gesture. There has been minimal research investigating the use of spatial communication, and even less focussing on people with aphasia.AimsThe aims of this exploratory study were to describe the frequency and variability of spatial language and gesture use by three participants with aphasia in comparison to nine control participants. This included: 1) frequency of gestures; 2) types of gesture; 3) number of spatial descriptions described by gestures but no language; and 4) frequency and variety of locative prepositional, verb, and noun phrases.Methods & ProceduresEach participant was videoed undertaking 11 spatial communication tasks: four description tasks, and seven tasks involving directing the researcher in the placement of objects or pictures. Gestures and language produced were transcribed and analysed.Outcomes & ResultsParticipants with aphasia used significantly more gesture. Participants with aphasia also used more gesture without spoken phrases when spatial vocabulary was unavailable. Finally, there were differences between the participants with regards to the types of gesture that they used when they were unable to access language.Conclusion & ImplicationsThe results suggest that the analysis of gesture produced by people with aphasia may provide insight into their underlying language impairment. As this was an exploratory study, with just three participants with aphasia, further research is needed.
Has SOX Enhanced Non–Big 4 Auditors' Ability to Deal with Client Pressure?
Authors: Kao Jennifer L. , Li Yan , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigate whether non–Big 4 auditors have enhanced their ability to resist client pressure over accrual reporting following the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX). Regressing abnormal accruals on proxies for economic bonding, we find that changes in the association, defined as (Post–Pre), are significantly negative, implying an improvement in auditor independence after SOX. Among non–Big 4 auditors, only Tier 3 auditors compromised reporting objectivity before SOX, but neither Tier 2 nor Tier 3 auditors yielded to client pressure after SOX. Evidence that these two groups of non–Big 4 auditors differ in the way they cope with client pressure in a loose regulatory regime highlights the importance of assessing the efficacy of SOX separately for subsets of auditors and contributes to an understanding of the underresearched, but inherently important, segment of the audit market served by non–Big 4 auditors. Further analysis indicates that the low pre‐SOX audit quality observed in the full sample is driven by non–PCAOB registrants.
Genetic Resistance to Liver Fibrosis on A/J Mouse Chromosome 17
Authors: DeSantis David A. , Lee Peter , Doerner Stephanie K. , Ko Chih‐Wei , Kawasoe Jean H. , Hill‐Baskin Annie E. , Ernest Sheila R. , Bhargava Prerna , Hur Kyu Yeon , Cresci Gail A. , Pritchard Michele T. , Lee Chih‐Hao , Nagy Laura E. , Nadeau Joseph H. , Croniger Colleen M. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundBecause the histological and biochemical progression of liver disease is similar in alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we hypothesized that the genetic susceptibility to these liver diseases would be similar. To identify potential candidate genes that regulate the development of liver fibrosis, we studied a chromosome substitution strain (CSS‐17) that contains chromosome 17 from the A/J inbred strain substituted for the corresponding chromosome on the C57BL/6J (B6) genetic background. Previously, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in CSS‐17, namely obesity‐resistant QTL 13 and QTL 15 (Obrq13 and Obrq15, respectively), that were associated with protection from diet‐induced obesity and hepatic steatosis on a high‐fat diet.MethodsTo test whether these or other CSS‐17 QTLs conferred resistance to alcohol‐induced liver injury and fibrosis, B6, A/J, CSS‐17, and congenics 17C‐1 and 17C‐6 were either fed Lieber–DeCarli ethanol (EtOH)‐containing diet or had carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered chronically.ResultsThe congenic strain carrying Obrq15 showed resistance from alcohol‐induced liver injury and liver fibrosis, whereas Obrq13 conferred susceptibility to liver fibrosis. From published deep sequencing data for chromosome 17 in the B6 and A/J strains, we identified candidate genes in Obrq13 and Obrq15 that contained single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region or within the gene itself. NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1) and NLR family, CARD domain containing 4 (Nlrc4) showed altered hepatic gene expression in strains with the A/J allele at the end of the EtOH diet study and after CCl4 treatment.ConclusionsAspects of the genetics for the progression of ASH are unique compared to NASH, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms for the progression of disease are at least partially distinct. Using these CSSs, we identified 2 candidate genes, Noxo1 and Nlrc4, which modulate genetic susceptibility in ASH.
HPV genotypes in invasive cervical cancer in Danish women
Authors: Kirschner Benny , Junge Jette , Holl Katsiaryna , Rosenlund Mats , Collas de Souza Sabrina , Quint Wim , Molijn Anco , Jenkins David , Schledermann Doris 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in invasive cervical cancers may differ by geographic region. The primary objective of this study was to estimate HPV‐genotype distribution in Danish women with a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer.DesignObservational, cross‐sectional.PopulationDanish data from a multi‐center study undertaken in 12 European countries.MethodsA total of 342 archived fixed tissue samples with diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer from the Departments of Pathology in the University Hospitals in Hvidovre and Odense, Denmark, were anonymized and shipped to a central laboratory for histopathology review and PCR testing for HPV DNA. A standardized HPV‐test methodology was used to enable comparison of HPV‐type distribution.Main outcome measuresOccurrence of HPV genotypes in Danish women with cervical cancer.ResultsThere were 261 samples evaluated as histologically adequate and 251 (96%) of these were HPV‐positive (HPV+). The most frequent diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (78.9% of histological adequate and 79.3% of HPV+). Adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and other types were found in 14.9, 3.4 and 2.7% of the histologically adequate group and 14.7, 3.6 and 2.4% of the HPV+ group, respectively. In 92.8% of HPV+ women only a single HPV type was diagnosed. HPV‐type distribution in the latter population was as follows: HPV‐16: 62.2%; HPV‐18: 14.6%; HPV‐33: 6.9%; HPV‐45: 6.4% and HPV‐31: 3.4%. Of the HPV+ women, 6.4% were diagnosed with multiple HPV types and 0.8% had unknown HPV types.ConclusionHPV‐16 and ‐18 are detected in 74.3% of Danish women with diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer, while HPV‐16, ‐18, ‐31, ‐33, ‐45 and 58 are detected in 90.0% of women with invasive cervical disease.
Histological and ultrastructural findings of corneal tissue after failed descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Yoeruek Efdal , Hofmann Johanna , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl‐Ulrich 
Published: June 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate in a retrospective review the histological and ultrastructural findings after failed primary and early Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), propose possible pathomechanisms of graft failure and give clinical implications.Methods:  The explanted grafts underwent light‐ and electromicroscopical investigations in eight failed DMEK cases. Haematoxylin – Eosin, periodic acid Schiff and Alcian blue stainings were performed. Special note was given to any residual stromal remnants, absence of endothelial cells, lamellar structure and ‘activation’ of keratocytes.Results:  Of the eight cases, six were re‐DMEKs and two penetrating keratoplasties. Partial graft separation was seen in six and no graft separation in two of the cases. The average time – interval to the re‐DMEK or penetrating keratoplasty was 4.6 months. Light and electron microscopy of the two explanted stromal specimens showed varying degrees of keratocyte activation. Endothelial cell loss was observed in essentially all explants with varying degrees and positive correlation with intraoperative difficulty. Assumed upside‐down situations showed large areas of intact endothelial cells. In addition, a new layer, situated between the endothelial cell layer and the posterior nonbanded layer, was observed with loose intercellular structure.Conclusion:  A loss of the endothelial cell layer of varying degrees and positive correlation with intraoperative difficulty are the prominent feature of primary and early DMEK graft failure. Of note is the upside‐down situation, in which in some cases, the endothelial cell layer not only remains intact but also demonstrates metabolical activity in forming a novel cellular layer.