bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic combined melatonin–mitochondria treatment improves acute respiratory distress syndrome in the rat
Authors: Sun Cheuk Kwan , Lee Fan Yen , Kao Ying Hsien , Chiang Hsin Ju , Sung Pei Hsun , Tsai Tzu Hsien , Lin Yu Chun , Leu Steve , Wu Ying Chung , Lu Hung I , Chen Yung Lung , Chung Sheng Ying , Su Hong Lin , Yip Hon Kan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite high in‐hospital mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is no effective therapeutic strategy. We tested the hypothesis that combined melatonin–mitochondria treatment ameliorates 100% oxygen‐induced ARDS in rats. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 40) were equally categorized into normal controls, ARDS, ARDS‐melatonin, ARDS with intravenous liver‐derived mitochondria (1500 μg per rat 6 hr after ARDS induction), and ARDS receiving combined melatonin–mitochondria. The results showed that 22 hr after ARDS induction, oxygen saturation (saO2) was lowest in the ARDS group and highest in normal controls, significantly lower in ARDS‐melatonin and ARDS‐mitochondria than in combined melatonin–mitochondria group, and significantly lower in ARDS‐mitochondria than in ARDS‐melatonin group. Conversely, right ventricular systolic blood pressure and lung weight showed an opposite pattern compared with saO2 among all groups (all P < 0.001). Histological integrity of alveolar sacs showed a pattern identical to saO2, whereas lung crowding score exhibited an opposite pattern (all P < 0.001). Albumin level and inflammatory cells (MPO+, CD40+, CD11b/c+) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed a pattern opposite to saO2 (all P < 0.001). Protein expression of indices of inflammation (MMP‐9, TNF‐α, NF‐κB), oxidative stress (oxidized protein, NO‐1, NOX‐2, NOX‐4), apoptosis (mitochondrial Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and PARP), fibrosis (Smad3, TGF‐β), mitochondrial damage (cytochrome C), and DNA damage (γ‐H2AX+) exhibited an opposite pattern compared to saO2 in all groups, whereas protein (HO‐1, NQO‐1, GR, GPx) and cellular (HO‐1+) expressions of antioxidants exhibited a progressively increased pattern from normal controls to ARDS combined melatonin–mitochondria group (all P < 0.001). In conclusion, combined melatonin–mitochondrial was superior to either treatment alone in attenuating ARDS in this rat model.
Melatonin stimulates the nonamyloidogenic processing of βAPP through the positive transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 and ADAM17
Authors: Shukla Mayuri , Htoo Htut Htut , Wintachai Phitchayapak , Hernandez Jean‐Francois , Dubois Claire , Postina Rolf , Xu Huaxi , Checler Frédéric , Smith Duncan R. , Govitrapong Piyarat , Vincent Bruno 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMelatonin controls many physiological functions including regulation of the circadian rhythm and clearance of free radicals and neuroprotection. Importantly, melatonin levels strongly decrease as we age and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) display lower melatonin than age‐matched controls. Several studies have reported that melatonin can reduce aggregation and toxicity of amyloid‐β peptides that are produced from the β‐amyloid precursor protein (βAPP). However, whether melatonin can directly regulate the βAPP‐cleaving proteases (‘secretases’) has not been investigated so far. In this study, we establish that melatonin stimulates the α‐secretase cleavage of βAPP in cultured neuronal and non‐neuronal cells. This effect is fully reversed by ADAM10‐ and ADAM17‐specific inhibitors and requires both plasma membrane‐located melatonin receptor activation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, we demonstrate that melatonin upregulates both ADAM10 and ADAM17 catalytic activities and endogenous protein levels. Importantly, genetic depletion of one or the other protease in mouse embryonic fibroblasts prevents melatonin stimulating constitutive and PKC‐regulated sAPPα secretion and ADAM10/ADAM17 catalytic activities. Furthermore, we show that melatonin induces ADAM10 and ADAM17 promoter transactivation, and we identify the targeted promoter regions. Finally, we correlate melatonin‐dependent sAPPα production with a protection against staurosporine‐induced apoptosis. Altogether, our results provide the first demonstration that melatonin upregulates the nonamyloidogenic ADAM10 and ADAM17 proteases through melatonin receptor activation, ERK phosphorylation and the transactivation of some specific regions of their promoters and further underline the preventive rather than curative nature of melatonin regarding AD treatment.
Occupational stressors, burnout and coping strategies between hospital and community psychiatric nurses in a Dublin region
Authors: McTiernan K. , McDonald N. 
Published: December 2014

Accessible summary
Burnout negatively impacts the delivery of mental health services.
Psychiatric nurses face stressors that are distinct from other nursing specialities.
The research was conducted in Ireland and captured a relatively large sample of respondents.
The results compared the stressors, coping strategies and burnout levels between hospital and community‐based psychiatric nurses.
AbstractOccupational stress can negatively impact on the well‐being of psychiatric nurses, which in turn can lead to poor client care. There is a dearth of published research conducted in Ireland that examines stress within the discipline. A between‐groups study, undertaken in February 2011, investigated stressors, burnout and coping strategies between hospital and community‐based psychiatric nurses in a Dublin region. Sixty‐nine participants (8 males and 61 females), aged between 18 to 60 years voluntarily completed the Mental Health Professional Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the PsychNurse Methods of Coping Scale. The findings revealed that nurses were operating in a moderately stressful environment. Stressors focused on organizational issues as opposed to client issues. The main stressors identified were lack of resources, workload and organizational structures/processes. Both groups reported average levels of emotional exhaustion, low levels of depersonalization and average levels of personal accomplishment. A Mann–Whitney U‐test and Independent Samples t‐test found significant differences between hospital and community‐based nurses regarding depersonalization and personal accomplishment, respectively. Hospital nurses reported higher depersonalization scores, and community nurses had a greater sense of personal accomplishment. The personal accomplishment scores of hospital nurses were below mental health professional norms. No significant differences emerged regarding coping strategies. Avoidant coping strategies were favoured by both groups. It is recommended that interventions aimed at increasing personal accomplishment be implemented for both groups of nurses. An investigation of perceived job control and the use of social support would also be insightful.
Nurses' attitudes towards self‐harm: a literature review
Authors: Karman P. , Kool N. , Poslawsky I. E. , van Meijel B. 
Published: December 2014

Accessible summary
People who self‐harm experience many problems and needs related to management of emotional and practical stress. A positive attitude among nurses is especially important given the close contact they have with people who self‐harm.
This article is based on a review of the literature. It includes articles that concern both general and mental health nurses who work in various healthcare settings (e.g. acute inpatients wards, community mental health, emergency departments and medical admission units).
The literature shows that negative attitudes towards self‐harm are common among nurses. It remains unclear how nurses' age, work experience and gender influence their attitudes. The setting in which nurses work appears to influence their attitude, as does their level of qualification. For example, mental health nurses appear to have more positive attitudes than general nurses.
Nurses' attitudes can be improved with the help of education comprising reflective and interactive elements. Supervision and support from colleagues appear to be especially important for mental health nurses.
AbstractSelf‐harm is a growing health problem. Nurses in a variety of healthcare settings play a central role in the care of people who self‐harm. Their professional attitudes towards these people are essential for high‐quality care. This review aims to develop insight into nurses' attitudes towards self‐harm as they exist in contemporary nursing practice. A literature search was conducted in four databases, and a total of 15 relevant articles were found. This review indicates that negative attitudes towards self‐harm are common among nurses. The influence of nurses' age, gender and work experience remains unclear. Healthcare setting and qualification level appear to be influencing factors. Education can have a positive influence on nurses' attitudes towards self‐harm, especially when it includes reflective and interactive components. It is demonstrated in this review that a major change is needed regarding nurses' attitudes. To realize this change, nurses need to be trained and educated adequately concerning self‐harm. They need time and resources to build a therapeutic relationship with people who harm themselves so they can offer high‐quality care for this vulnerable group.
Exploring the role of physical activity for people diagnosed with serious mental illness in Ireland
Authors: Cullen C. , McCann E. 
Published: December 2014

Accessible summary
The aim of the study was to elicit the views and opinions of people diagnosed with serious mental illness in relation to physical activity.
Ten people who were attending a community mental health centre participated in semi‐structured interviews.
The main results showed that participants found physical activity beneficial in terms of psychological and social well‐being and perceived clear gains in relation to recovery and quality of life.
Physical activity should be routinely included in plans of care and mental health policy guidelines globally should contain physical activity as a key component.
Mental health policy guidelines globally should contain physical activity as a key component.
AbstractThe aim of the current study was to explore the subjective experiences of people diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) in relation to physical activity. The study was conducted using a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. The participants (n = 10), who were outpatients attending a day centre, were interviewed to elicit their views and opinions about physical activity. The data were thematically analysed using a recognized framework. The main themes that emerged included physical activity as a meaningful activity, physical activity as a mental activity, quality of life and recovery, and perceived challenges to physical activity. The unique perspectives of service users provides fresh insights on the topic and the findings support the justification for the inclusion of physical activity in plans of care and to be contained in global mental health policy directives.
Subgingival microbial profiles of Sudanese patients with aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Elabdeen H. R. Z. , Mustafa M. , Hasturk H. , Klepac‐Ceraj V. , Ali R. W. , Paster B. J. , Van Dyke T. , Bolstad A. I. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectiveAggressive periodontitis (AgP) is prevalent and shows a rapid course in African individuals. Although a strong focus has been placed on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, new methods support the existence of a complex subgingival microflora in AgP. The purpose of the present study was to map the subgingival microbiota as well as explore the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the JP2 clone in a group of Sudanese individuals with AgP, using different analytical methods.Material and MethodsA study population consisting of 19 patients with AgP was recruited from patients seeking treatment at University of Science and Technology (UST) in Khartoum. Fifteen healthy subjects were included as controls. Plaque samples were analyzed for 272 taxa using human oral microbe identification microarrays and for 26 periodontal taxa using DNA‐DNA hybridization checkerboard. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the JP2 clone in plaque. Saliva from patients with AgP was analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans.ResultsEubacterium yurii was detected more frequently in patients with AgP than in controls, and E. nodatum was found in patients with AgP only. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found in plaque samples of two (12%) patients by human oral microbe identification microarrays and in five (29%) patients with AgP by conventional PCR, as well as in six (32%) of the AgP saliva samples by qPCR. The JP2 clone was identified in only one patient.ConclusionThe classical periodontal pathogens were not present in high amounts in AgP in the population studied here. Species of Eubacterium, which are not typically associated with AgP, were often detected in individuals with disease. Using laboratory methods with different sensitivities and detection levels allowed identification of variances in microbial communities. The findings reported in this study provide a basis for the further understanding of AgP.
Pro‐coagulant thromboelastographic features in the bulldog
Authors: Hoareau G. , Mellema M. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVESTo determine if bulldogs develop a hypercoagulable state comparable to that observed in human patients with sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome.MATERIALS AND METHODSThromboelastography was performed in 15 clinically healthy bulldogs and 24 healthy control dogs of other breeds or mixed breed lineage.RESULTSBulldogs had significantly shorter R and K times relative to control dogs. The alpha angle, maximum amplitude and overall clot strength was significantly greater in bulldogs than in controls. The largest differences between the groups were found in the maximal amplitude and overall clot strength parameters.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThese findings support the concept that brachycephalic syndrome promotes a hypercoagulable phenotype similar to that observed with sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome in humans. The large increases in maximal amplitude observed suggest platelet hyperreactivity may play an important role.
Retrospective evaluation of moderate‐to‐severe pulmonary hypertension in dogs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum
Authors: Borgeat K. , Sudunagunta S. , Kaye B. , Stern J. , Luis Fuentes V. , Connolly D. J. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVESThe outcome in dogs with pulmonary hypertension associated with natural Angiostrongylus vasorum infection is unclear. This study aimed to report long‐term outcome of dogs with A. vasorum and pulmonary hypertension, and to evaluate factors associated with pulmonary hypertension development. It was hypothesised that dogs with pulmonary hypertension had a shorter survival time than dogs without pulmonary hypertension.METHODSRetrospective review of clinical records of dogs diagnosed with A. vasorum. Dogs were classified as having or not having pulmonary hypertension based on clinical signs and imaging findings. Signalment, signs and outcome were recorded. DNA obtained from banked samples was genotyped for the PDE5a:E90K polymorphism, a possible factor in development of pulmonary hypertension.RESULTSThe proportion of dogs with moderate‐to‐severe pulmonary hypertension and A. vasorum infection in the study population was 14 · 6%. No difference in the population characteristics or PDE5a genotype was detected between dogs with and without pulmonary hypertension. Dogs with pulmonary hypertension had a significantly shorter survival time (P = 0 · 006) and a greater risk of death within 6 months of diagnosis (odds ratio 12 · 5, 95% confidence interval 2 · 1 to 74 · 9; P = 0 · 0053).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEA. vasorum‐associated pulmonary hypertension is an important problem in naturally infected dogs and has a negative effect upon survival.
Faecal shedding of antimicrobial‐resistant Clostridium difficile strains by dogs
Authors: Álvarez‐Pérez S. , Blanco J. L. , Peláez T. , Lanzarot M. P. , Harmanus C. , Kuijper E. , García M. E. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVESTo longitudinally assess the shedding of antimicrobial resistant Clostridium difficile strains by clinically healthy dogs raised at breeding facilities.METHODS18 puppies from three different litters (#1, 2 and 3) were sampled weekly from parturition to day 20–55 postpartum. Faecal samples from the mothers of litters #2 and 3 were also available for analysis. Bacterial isolates were ribotyped, tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and further characterised.RESULTSC. difficile was recovered from all sampled animals of litters #1 and 2, and a third of puppies from litter #3, but marked differences in C. difficile recovery were detected in different age groups (0–100%). Recovered PCR ribotypes included 056 (22 isolates), 010 (6 isolates), 078 and 213 (2 isolates each), and 009 and 020 (1 isolate each). Different ribotypes were shed by four individual animals. Regardless of their origin and ribotype, all isolates demonstrated full resistance to levofloxacin. Additionally, all but one isolate (belonging to ribotype 078) were resistant to ertapenem, and all ribotype 010 isolates displayed high‐level resistance to clindamycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin. A single ribotype 078 isolate showed metronidazole heteroresistance.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEHealthy dogs can shed antimicrobial‐resistant C. difficile strains.
Pharmacokinetics of tramadol following intravenous and oral administration in male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kelly K. R. , Pypendop B. H. , Christe K. L. 
Published: December 2014

Recently, tramadol and its active metabolite, O‐desmethyltramadol (M1), have been studied as analgesic agents in various traditional veterinary species (e.g., dogs, cats, etc.). This study explores the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and M1 after intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), a nontraditional veterinary species. Rhesus macaques are Old World monkeys that are commonly used in biomedical research. Effects of tramadol administration to monkeys are unknown, and research veterinarians may avoid inclusion of this drug into pain management programs due to this limited knowledge. Four healthy, socially housed, adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used in this study. Blood samples were collected prior to, and up to 10 h post‐tramadol administration. Serum tramadol and M1 were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Tramadol clearance was 24.5 (23.4–32.7) mL/min/kg. Terminal half‐life of tramadol was 111 (106–127) min IV and 133 (84.9–198) min PO. Bioavailability of tramadol was poor [3.47% (2.14–5.96%)]. Maximum serum concentration of M1 was 2.28 (1.88–2.73) ng/mL IV and 11.2 (9.37–14.9) ng/mL PO. Sedation and pruritus were observed after IV administration.
Geographic patterns of lake macrophyte communities and species richness at regional scale
Authors: Alahuhta Janne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractQuestionsAre community composition and species richness of aquatic macrophytes determined primarily by local (habitat heterogeneity and water quality) or regional (climate) patterns at regional scale? Do two macrophyte functional groups (i.e. emergent and submerged macrophytes) respond similarly to local and regional patterns? Are lake macrophytes and explanatory variables geographically structured?LocationThe US state of Minnesota.MethodsThe community composition and species richness of aquatic flora was studied using presence–absence data in 454 lakes, covering the entire US state of Minnesota. In addition, community composition and species richness of emergent and submerged macrophytes was investigated separately. Variation partitioning based on partial redundancy analysis and partial linear regression was used to study the relative roles of water quality, habitat heterogeneity, climate and sampling effort in explaining community composition and species richness of lake macrophytes, respectively.ResultsMacrophyte community composition and species richness (all taxa and two functional groups) were explained by water quality and climate. Alkalinity and total phosphorus were water quality variables that most affected community composition of aquatic flora, and macrophyte species richness decreased with increasing concentrations of these two variables. Maximum temperature of the warmest month and mean annual temperature most affected plant community composition, whereas species richness had a negative relationship with minimum temperature of the coldest month. Most significant explanatory variables (e.g. alkalinity, total phosphorus and temperature) were geographically structured, showing a latitudinal change.ConclusionsCommunity composition and species richness of macrophytes were congruently influenced by regional (climate) and local patterns (water quality) at regional scale. Community composition and species richness of helophytes and submerged macrophytes were equally explained by environmental gradients. The latitudinal change in these most significant environmental variables was related to calcareous soils and intensive agriculture, which were situated in the southern part of the state. Macrophyte species richness showed a reverse latitudinal gradient, which was likely due to high nutrient concentrations in southern latitude lakes. Water quality primarily filters species from the regional species pool, allowing only species tolerating high nutrient concentrations, e.g. invasive plants, to survive at southern latitudes.
Incidence of solid organ cancers after liver transplantation: comparison with regional cancer incidence rates and risk factors
Authors: Carenco Christophe , Faure Stéphanie , Herrero Astrid , Assenat Eric , Duny Yohan , Danan Guillaume , Bismuth Michaël , Chanques Gérald , Ursic‐Bedoya José , Jaber Samir , Larrey Dominique , Navarro Francis , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsIncreased rates of solid organ cancers post‐liver transplantation have been reported, but the contribution of environmental factors and immunosuppressive therapy is not clear. This study's aims were to compare the incidence of de novo solid organ cancers after liver transplantation; identify risk factors independent of immunosuppressive therapy associated with these cancers; and assess the influence of calcineurin inhibitors on the appearance of these cancers.MethodsThis single‐centre study from 1991 to 2008 included 465 liver recipients who had survived for ≥1 year. Gross incidence rates were standardized by age and sex, using the global population as a reference. In addition, 322 of the 465 patients treated for ≥1 year with calcineurin inhibitors were studied.ResultsSixty‐five (13.9%) of the 465 patients developed de novo solid cancers. The overall relative risk was 3.7. Significantly increased relative risks were observed for digestive, oesophageal, colorectal, oral and lung cancers, but not for genito‐urinary and breast cancers. Among the 65 patients who developed solid organ cancers, 43 died (66.1%), 41 from cancer. The two independent risk factors were pretransplant smoking [P < 0.0001; odds ratio = 5.5 (.5; 12)] and obesity [P = 0.0184; odds ratio = 2.2 (1.1; 4.3)].Of the 322 patients on calcineurin inhibitors, 55 (17%) developed de novo solid cancers. Tacrolimus exposure level was a risk factor for de novo solid cancers [P < 0.0001; OR = 15.3 (4.5; 52.2)].ConclusionsWe recommend a change in immunosuppressive protocols with lifestyle/dietary guidelines and smoking cessation.