bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The connection between children's knowledge and use of grapho‐phonic and morphemic units in written text and their learning at school
Authors: Bryant Peter , Nunes Terezinha , Barros Rossana 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundMost psychologists who study children's reading assume that their hypotheses are relevant to children's success at school. This assumption is rarely tested.AimsThe study's aims were to see whether two successful measures of the processes underlying children's learning to read and write are related to their success in English, science, and mathematics as measured by school assessments.SampleData from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were available for between 2,500 and 5,900 children (in different analyses) on their use of graphophonic and morphemic units in reading and writing and on their achievement in Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 assessments.MethodHierarchical multiple regressions assessed the relationship between children's use of grapho‐phonic and morphemic units at 8‐ and 9‐years and their performance in the Key Stage 2 (11‐years) and Key Stage 3 (14‐years) assessments in English, mathematics, and science.ResultsThe children's grapho‐phonic and morphemic skills predicted their achievement in all three subjects at Key Stage 2, 3 years later, and at Key Stage 3, 5 years later, even after stringent controls for differences in age and IQ. The connection between the two types of orthographic skills and the children's educational success was largely mediated by their reading ability as measured by standardised tests.ConclusionsChildren's knowledge and use of grapho‐phonic and morphemic rules has a lasting effect on the progress that they make at school. This knowledge has an impact on their reading ability which in turn affects their success in learning about English, mathematics and science.
EXPORT AND HEDGING DECISIONS UNDER CORRELATED REVENUE AND EXCHANGE RATE RISK
Authors: Wong Kit Pong 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the behaviour of a competitive exporting firm under joint revenue and exchange rate risk. The firm can trade unbiased currency futures contracts for hedging purposes. We show that neither the separation theorem nor the full‐hedging theorem holds when the revenue shock prevails. If the correlation between the revenue shock and the random spot exchange rate is non‐positive, the firm optimally produces less than the benchmark level when the revenue shock is absent. If, in addition, the firm is prudent, the optimal futures position is an under‐hedge. Finally, we derive sufficient conditions under which the firm's optimal output level is higher in the presence than in the absence of the revenue shock. Operational hedging and financial hedging as such interact in a complicated way to better cope with the multiple sources of uncertainty faced by the firm.
Structural requirements of steroidal agonists of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) cation channels
Authors: Drews A , Mohr F , Rizun O , Wagner T F J , Dembla S , Rudolph S , Lambert S , Konrad M , Philipp S E , Behrendt M , Marchais‐Oberwinkler S , Covey D F , Oberwinkler J 
Published: November 2013

Background and PurposeTransient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) proteins form non‐selective but calcium‐permeable membrane channels, rapidly activated by extracellular application of the steroid pregnenolone sulphate and the dihydropyridine nifedipine. Our aim was to characterize the steroid binding site by analysing the structural chemical requirements for TRPM3 activation.Experimental ApproachWhole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings and measurements of intracellular calcium concentrations were performed on HEK293 cells transfected with TRPM3 (or untransfected controls) during superfusion with pharmacological substances.Key ResultsPregnenolone sulphate and nifedipine activated TRPM3 channels supra‐additively over a wide concentration range. Other dihydropyridines inhibited TRPM3 channels. The natural enantiomer of pregnenolone sulphate was more efficient in activating TRPM3 channels than its synthetic mirror image. However, both enantiomers exerted very similar inhibitory effects on proton‐activated outwardly rectifying anion channels. Epiallopregnanolone sulphate activated TRPM3 almost equally as well as pregnenolone sulphate. Exchanging the sulphate for other chemical moieties showed that a negative charge at this position is required for activating TRPM3 channels.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data demonstrate that nifedipine and pregnenolone sulphate act at different binding sites when activating TRPM3. The latter activates TRPM3 by binding to a chiral and thus proteinaceous binding site, as inferred from the differential effects of the enantiomers. The double bond between position C5 and C6 of pregnenolone sulphate is not strictly necessary for the activation of TRPM3 channels, but a negative charge at position C3 of the steroid is highly important. These results provide a solid basis for understanding mechanistically the rapid chemical activation of TRPM3 channels.
Expression of CD39/Entpd1 on granuloma-composing cells and induction of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in sarcoidosis
Authors: Fujimura T. , Kambayashi Y. , Aiba S. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundRegulatory T cells (Tregs), together with tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) are involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance. A recent report suggested both Tregs and tDCs may be pathogenic in granulomatous skin disorders.AimTo examined the expression of CD39 on granuloma-composing cells and Foxp3-positive Tregs in the skin in two representative granulomatous diseases, sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare (GA).MethodsWe immunohistologically examined expression of CD39 on granuloma-composing cells and expression of Foxp3 on CD4+ or CD25+ cells in fixed sections of lesional skin from 16 patients with sarcoidosis and five patients with GA.ResultsThe granuloma-composing cells expressed CD39 in both sarcoidosis and GA. Significant numbers of CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs were present diffusely throughout the granulomatous tissues in sarcoidosis, whereas Tregs in GA existed only at the peripheral lesion of palisading granulomatous tissue.ConclusionsThere was infiltration of increased numbers of Foxp3+ Tregs around the CD39+ granuloma-composing cells in both GA and sarcoidosis.
Pheromone release rate determines whether sexual communication of Oriental fruit moth is disrupted competitively vs. non‐competitively
Authors: Reinke M. D. , Siegert P. Y. , McGhee P. S. , Gut L. J. , Miller J. R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCommunicational disruption mechanisms for Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were determined using a suite of mathematical tools and graphical operations that enable differentiation between competitive attraction and non‐competitive mechanisms of disruption. Research was conducted in 20 field cages, each covering 12 mature apple trees. Commercial monitoring lures releasing Oriental fruit moth pheromone at a rate of 0.04 μg h−1 and distributed at densities of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 17 per cage were used to evaluate the effect of low‐releasing dispensers on the disruption of sexual communication. Graphical analyses revealed that near‐female‐equivalent pheromone dispensers disrupted Oriental fruit moth competitively. Commercial mating disruption dispensers releasing Oriental fruit moth pheromone at 60 μg h−1 and deployed at 0, 4, 6, 10, 15, 20, and 30 per cage were used to evaluate the effect of high‐releasing dispensers on the disruption of sexual communication. Oriental fruit moth disruption shifted to a non‐competitive mechanism for high‐releasing dispensers. This is the first time such a shift in disruption mechanism has been demonstrated against a background of otherwise identical experimental conditions. Near‐female‐equivalent pheromone dispensers were also used to quantify the additive effect of an attract‐and‐remove control strategy compared with competitive mating disruption. We report a five‐fold reduction in Oriental fruit moth captures under attract‐and‐remove compared to mating disruption using near‐female‐equivalent dispensers. Surprisingly, release of female Oriental fruit moths into these large‐cage disruption studies had no measurable impact on male trapping.
Nine key principles to guide youth mental health: development of service models in New South Wales
Authors: Howe Deborah , Batchelor Samantha , Coates Dominiek , Cashman Emma 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimsHistorically, the Australian health system has failed to meet the needs of young people with mental health problems and mental illness. In 2006, New South Wales (NSW) Health allocated considerable funds to the reform agenda of mental health services in NSW to address this inadequacy. Children and Young People's Mental Health (CYPMH), a service that provides mental health care for young people aged 12–24 years, with moderate to severe mental health problems, was chosen to establish a prototype Youth Mental Health (YMH) Service Model for NSW. This paper describes nine key principles developed by CYPMH to guide the development of YMH Service Models in NSW.MethodsA literature review, numerous stakeholder consultations and consideration of clinical best practice were utilized to inform the development of the key principles.ResultsSubsequent to their development, the nine key principles were formally endorsed by the Mental Health Program Council to ensure consistency and monitor the progress of YMH services across NSW. As a result, between 2008 and 2012 YMH Services across NSW regularly reported on their activities against each of the nine key principles demonstrating how each principle was addressed within their service.ConclusionsThe nine key principles provide mental health services a framework for how to reorient services to accommodate YMH and provide a high‐quality model of care.[Corrections added on 29 November 2013, after first online publication: The last two sentences of the Results section have been replaced with "As a result, between 2008 and 2012 YMH Services across NSW regularly reported on their activities against each of the nine key principles demonstrating how each principle was addressed within their service."]
Post‐heading heat stress and yield impact in winter wheat of China
Authors: Liu Bing , Liu Leilei , Tian Liying , Cao Weixing , Zhu Yan , Asseng Senthold 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWheat is sensitive to high temperatures, but the spatial and temporal variability of high temperature and its impact on yield are often not known. An analysis of historical climate and yield data was undertaken to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of heat stress between heading and maturity and its impact on wheat grain yield in China. Several heat stress indices were developed to quantify heat intensity, frequency, and duration between heading and maturity based on measured maximum temperature records of the last 50 years from 166 stations in the main wheat‐growing region of China. Surprisingly, heat stress between heading and maturity was more severe in the generally cooler northern wheat‐growing regions than the generally warmer southern regions of China, because of the delayed time of heading with low temperatures during the earlier growing season and the exposure of the post‐heading phase into the warmer part of the year. Heat stress between heading and maturity has increased in the last decades in most of the main winter wheat production areas of China, but the rate was higher in the south than in the north. The correlation between measured grain yields and post‐heading heat stress and average temperature were statistically significant in the entire wheat‐producing region, and explained about 29% of the observed spatial and temporal yield variability. A heat stress index considering the duration and intensity of heat between heading and maturity was required to describe the correlation of heat stress and yield variability. Because heat stress is a major cause of yield loss and the number of heat events is projected to increase in the future, quantifying the future impact of heat stress on wheat production and developing appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies are critical for developing food security policies in China and elsewhere.
Correlation between endogenous VWF:Ag and PK parameters and bleeding frequency in severe haemophilia A subjects during three‐times‐weekly prophylaxis with rFVIII‐FS
Authors: Lalezari S. , Martinowitz U. , Windyga J. , Enriquez M. M. , Delesen H. , Schwartz L. , Scharrer I. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPatients with severe haemophilia A experience frequent and spontaneous bleeding, causing debilitating damage to joints and decreasing quality of life. Prophylaxis with factor VIII (FVIII) reduces joint damage if initiated early. Circulating FVIII levels may be influenced by endogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF), a chaperone protein that binds and stabilizes FVIII. The aim of this study was to determine whether endogenous VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) levels are correlated with FVIII pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and clinical outcomes in patients with severe haemophilia A. Previously treated, non‐inhibitor patients in a multinational, randomized, double‐blind, Ph II study received prophylaxis with once‐weekly BAY 79‐4980 (35 IU kg−1) or thrice‐weekly recombinant sucrose‐formulated FVIII (rFVIII‐FS; 25 IU kg−1). PK parameters were evaluated at weeks 1 and 26. The number of bleeds per patient during the study was captured as part of the core efficacy endpoint. Spearman rank correlations assessed relationships of VWF:Ag levels with patient age, PK and annualized bleeding rate. Of 131 study patients (aged 13−64 years; BAY 79‐4980, n = 63; rFVIII‐FS, n = 68), 27 (21%; n = 15 and 12 respectively) were evaluable for PK assessment. Baseline VWF:Ag levels correlated with patient age (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in PK results between treatments; thus, PK parameters and VWF levels of all patients were analysed together. AUCnorm and T1/2 significantly increased with increased VWF:Ag (P < 0.001); clearance significantly decreased with increased VWF:Ag (P = 0.002). Annualized bleeding rate in patients treated with 3× per week rFVIII‐FS significantly correlated with VWF:Ag and age (P = 0.038 and 0.021 respectively). PK parameters as well as the clinical outcome significantly correlated with endogenous VWF:Ag. The improved clinical outcome in subjects with high VWF:Ag levels may be explained by VWF:Ag influence on FVIII PK.
Effectiveness of two modalities of physiotherapy in the treatment of haemophilic arthropathy of the ankle: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Cuesta‐Barriuso R. , Gómez‐Conesa A. , López‐Pina J.‐A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAlthough different techniques of physiotherapy have been described for the treatment of haemophilic arthropathy (HA) of ankle, hardly any studies have been applied manual therapy or educational physiotherapy and home exercises. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of manual therapy and educational physiotherapy in the treatment of HA of the ankle. Thirty‐one patients with HA of the ankle with a mean age of 35.29 (SD: 12.877) years randomized to manual therapy group (n = 11), educational group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10). The two physiotherapy programmes were one with manual therapy articular traction, passive stretching of the gastrocnemius muscles, and exercises for muscle strength and proprioception (MT group) and the other with educational sessions and home exercises (E group). The study lasted for 12 weeks. The treatment with manual therapy improved the gastrocnemius muscle circumference, and the pain of ankle (P < 0.05). Six months later, MT group still enjoyed improvement. In the educational group there were improvements, but not significant, in the measured variables. No patient had ankle haemarthrosis during the study. The treatment with manual therapy improved the circumference of gastrocnemius and lessened pain in the patients with haemophilic arthropathy of the ankle.
Expression of Mucin‐1 in multiple myeloma and its precursors: correlation with glycosylation and subcellular localization
Authors: Andrulis Mindaugas , Ellert Elena , Mandel Ulla , Clausen Henrik , Lehners Nicola , Raab Marc‐Steffen , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Schwartz‐Albiez Reinhard 
Published: November 2013

AimsRecent reports suggest a possible role for extracellular (MUC1N) and transmembrane (MUC1C) subunits of Mucin 1 (MUC1) in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). Nuclear translocation of MUC1C is involved in activation of various oncogenic signalling pathways and both MUC1 subunits are potential therapeutic targets. We aimed at performing a comprehensive expression analysis of the MUC1 subunits in plasma cell dyscrasias.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against the MUC1N subunit (EMA and 5E10) tumour‐associated glycoforms of MUC1N (5E5) and the MUC1C subunit were applied to a series of biopsies from normal controls (n = 10) and plasma cell dyscrasias (n = 121). Clonal plasma cells showed reduced MUC1N expression, and the 5E5 MUC1N epitope was expressed only in neoplastic plasma cells. Nuclear localization of MUC1C was equally frequent in all disease stages and did not differ from the control cases. Loss of both MUC1 subunits in MM (n = 12) was associated with significantly shorter overall survival and was more frequent in pretreated MM samples.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 is an early event in the pathogenesis of MM. In contrast, MUC1C nuclear localization is not likely to be a driver of tumour progression.
National sovereignty and transnational labour: the case of Mexican seasonal agricultural workers in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Vosko Leah F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article analyses the experience of recently unionised Mexican seasonal agricultural workers in British Columbia, Canada, whose visa reapplications were blocked by Mexico and a concomitant complaint to the province's labour board. Illustrating the significance of this sending state's actions, it reveals the growing disjuncture between nationally based labour relations systems and transnational labour.
Science supporting negative pressure wound therapy with instillation
Authors: Rycerz Anthony M , Allen Diwi , Lessing M Christian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new method (V.A.C.ULTA™ Therapy System, KCI USA, Inc., San Antonio, TX) combines the benefits of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT; V.A.C.® Therapy, KCI USA, Inc.) with regulated, periodic instillation of user‐selected topical wound solutions (V.A.C. VeraFlo™ Therapy, KCI USA, Inc.). In simulated wound model studies comparing solution distribution using NPWT with and without a soak phase, the instillation soak phase allowed for uniform solution distribution across the wound bed, whereas continuous (no soak) irrigation resulted in uneven coverage. Additional in vitro work illustrated that bacterial particle aerosolisation during wound cleansing was significantly decreased using NPWT with instillation (NPWTi) versus commercially available low‐pressure wound cleansers (P < 0·05). In porcine studies, NPWT with saline instillation induced 43% more granulation tissue versus NPWT (P < 0·05) and was as effective at wound cleansing as pulsed lavage. These studies have demonstrated that NPWTi may be an effective wound management therapy that provides both wound cleansing and NPWT benefits.
Antimicrobial and antiseptic strategies in wound management
Authors: Daeschlein Georg 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWounds, especially chronic wounds, represent a global problem costing millions of dollars per year in developed countries and are characterised by microbial complications including local or overt infection, delayed healing and spread of multiresistant germs. Therefore, antimicrobial wound management is a major challenge that continues to require new solutions against microbes and their biofilms. As systemic antibiotics can barely penetrate into wound biofilms and topically applied ones can easily lead to sensitisation, antisepsis is the method of choice to treat germs in wounds. This brief review discusses the role of antiseptics in reducing bioburden in chronic wounds. Balancing antimicrobial potency and tolerability of antiseptic procedures is critical in wound therapy. However, antiseptics alone may not be able to achieve wound healing without addressing other factors regarding the patient's general health or the wound's physical environment. Although the precise role of bioburden in chronic wounds remains to be evaluated, planktonic as well as biofilm‐bound microbes are indications for antiseptic intervention. Octenidine dihydrochloride and polyhexanide are the most effective, as well as best tolerated, antiseptics in wound management today, and new strategies to reduce bacterial wound burden and support the body's immune response are being developed.
Activation of granulocytes by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in Wegener's granulomatosis: a predominant role for the IgG3 subclass of ANCA
Authors: MULDER A H L , STEGEMAN C A , KALLENBERG C G M 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYTo study ANCA-induced granulocyte activation in relation to disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), serum samples taken from patients with WG at the time of active (n = 17) and inactive (n = 17) disease were analysed for their capacity to activate primed normal donor granulocytes. Compared with control sera (n = 6), the capacity of IgG fractions from patients with WG to induce the respiratory burst was significantly higher (P &lt; 0·0001). Furthermore, the capacity to induce the respiratory burst significantly correlated with ANCA titre (r = 0·499, P = 0·003). IgG fractions from patients with active extensive disease induced the respiratory burst significantly more stongly than IgG fractions from patients with limited disease (n = 7) (P &lt; 0·01) or patients during disease remission (n = 17) (P &lt; 0·001). As ANCA-induced neutrophil activation is Fc-dependent and different IgG subclasses are involved in the interaction with various Fc receptors from neutrophils, we assessed changes in ANCA titre, total IgG and IgG subclass distribution of ANCA during active disease and remission in relation to the neutrophil-activating capacity of ANCA. Changes in capacity to activate granulocytes were related neither to changes in titre nor to changes in levels of total IgG, IgG1, IgG3, or IgG4 subclass of ANCA. However, changes in capacity to induce the respiratory burst were significantly related to changes in the relative amount of the IgG3 subclass of ANCA (P &lt; 0·001), and not to changes in the relative amount of IgG1 or IgG4 subclass of ANCA. These data suggest that the increase in neutrophil-activating capacity of ANCA from inactive to active disease is, at least in part, based on the relative increase of the IgG3 subclass of ANCA that occurs during active disease.