bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanofluorochromism of 1‐Alkanoylaminopyrenes
Authors: Nagata Eisuke , Takeuchi Shugo , Nakanishi Takayuki , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Mawatari Yasuteru , Nakano Hideyuki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo create a new series of mechanofluorochromic materials and to elucidate the mechanism of the phenomenon of mechanofluorochromism, 1‐alkanoylaminopyrenes including 1‐acetylaminopyrene (AAPy), 1‐octanoylaminopyrene (OAPy), and 1‐stearoylaminopyren (SAPy) were prepared. It was found that these materials exhibited mechanofluorochromism with emission colors in the crystalline samples changing reversibly from bluish purple to yellowish green, which could be induced by mechanical grinding. X‐ray crystal structure analysis, electronic absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as fluorescence lifetime analysis and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis of AAPy suggested that the present mechanofluorochromism was caused by developing crystal defects through grinding. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds were suggested to play an important role in the occurrence of mechanofluorochromism, suppressing the face‐to‐face overlapping of pyrene moieties to form excimers in the pristine crystal.
Chiral Gold Nanoparticles Decorated with Pseudopeptides
Authors: Fanelli Rossana , Milli Lorenzo , Cornia Andrea , Moretto Alessandro , Castellucci Nicola , Zanna Nicola , Malachin Giulia , Tavano Regina , Tomasini Claudia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPeptide‐functionalized gold nanoparticles are supramolecular systems that can mimic natural proteins or DNA. In this work, we describe the preparation, the analysis, and the biological evaluation of gold nanoparticles linked to pseudopeptide foldamers containing one to eight L‐Ala‐D‐Oxd (Ala = alanine; Oxd = 4‐carboxy‐5‐methyloxazolidin‐2‐one) residues. The nanoparticles become increasingly organized as the number of such moieties increases. Moreover, from the analysis of chiroptical signals we find that the chirality of the gold surface becomes more evident with decreasing foldamer length. Finally, these systems display no cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells and are good candidates to promote drug delivery once equipped with biologically active moieties.
Metastatic lymph node status in the central compartment of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A prognostic factor of locoregional recurrence
Authors: Park Young Min , Wang Soo‐Geun , Lee Jin‐Choon , Shin Dong Hoon , Kim In‐Ju , Son Seok‐Man , Mun Mijin , Lee Byung‐Joo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present our focus on the lymph node status in the central compartment and evaluate the relevant factors and disease recurrence.MethodsBetween January 2004 and December 2009, 1040 patients were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and underwent surgery.ResultsThe number of metastatic lymph nodes was a significant predictor for recurrence conferring a hazard ratio of 1.36 (confidence interval = 1.103–1.680; p = .004). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to determine the cutoff number of lymph nodes that predicted recurrence with the highest sensitivity and specificity (area under the ROC curve, 0.794; SE, 0.077; p = .001). The sensitivity/specificity of >3 metastatic lymph nodes for predicting recurrence was 63.6%/77.0%, respectively.ConclusionThe number of metastatic lymph nodes in the central compartment was a statistical significant predictive factor associated with disease recurrence. Further study is required to confirm the relationship between the number of lymph nodes and disease recurrence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1172–E1176, 2016
BRAF V600E mutation: Differential impact on central lymph node metastasis by tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Seo Ki , Lee Jun Ho , Woo Jung‐Woo , Park Inhye , Choe Jun‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Han , Kim Jee Soo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe necessity of prophylactic central neck dissection is one of debating issues in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In a previous study, the predictive value of BRAF mutation for lymph node metastasis was only significant in 0.5 to 1.0 cm PTC. Thus, we assess the predictive value of BRAF mutation for central lymph node metastasis according to tumor size.MethodsMedical records of 3107 patients with PTC who underwent thyroidectomy with central neck dissection were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsBRAF mutation was a predictor for central lymph node metastasis in 2.0 to 4.0 cm PTC (odds ratio [OR] = 3.494; p = .002). Although BRAF mutation was associated with central lymph node metastasis in 0.5 to 1.0 cm PTC in univariate analysis (OR = 1.334; p = .047), this significance was not observed in multivariate analysis (OR = 1.232; p = .163). BRAF mutation was not associated with central lymph node metastasis in other tumor sizes.ConclusionProphylactic central neck dissection could be considered in 2.0 to 4.0 cm PTC with positive BRAF mutation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1203–E1209, 2016
Regional changes of placental vascularization in preeclampsia: A review
Authors: Sahay Akriti S. , Sundrani Deepali P. , Joshi Sadhana R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPreeclampsia is characterized by vascular dysfunction and results in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The placenta plays a critical role in the growth and development of the fetus, and recent studies indicate that placental architecture, oxygen availability, and oxidative stress indices vary across different regions of the placenta. Our earlier studies have reported altered maternal angiogenesis and differential placental gene expression and methylation patterns of angiogenic factors in women with preeclampsia when compared with normotensive women. We have also demonstrated lower maternal and placental neurotrophin (NT) levels in women with preeclampsia. Studies suggest that oxidative stress is associated with proteases like matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors like NTs and angiogenic factors known to be involved in the process of angiogenesis. Recently, we have reported regionwise differential oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity, and NT levels in placenta from normotensive control women and women with preeclampsia. The current review describes the regional changes in the placenta and highlights the role of placental oxidative stress in influencing regional differences in the expression of angiogenic factors, MMPs, and NTs. This review discusses the need for further research on various growth factors and proteins involved in the process of placental development across different regions of the placenta. This would help to understand whether regional differences in these factors affect the growth and development of the fetus. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(8):619–625, 2015
Selecting the reference image for registration of CEST series
Authors: Zhang Yi , Heo Hye‐Young , Lee Dong‐Hoon , Zhao Xuna , Jiang Shanshan , Zhang Kai , Li Haiyun , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundTo compare different reference images selected for registration among chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) series.Materials and MethodsFive normal volunteers and eight brain tumor patients were studied on a 3 Tesla scanner. Image registration was performed by choosing each of the acquired CEST saturation or unsaturation dynamic images as the reference. CEST images at 3.5 ppm (amide proton transfer, APT) were computed for each motion‐corrected data set after main magnetic field inhomogeneity correction. A uniformity index was defined to quantify the efficacy of image registration using different reference images. Joint histograms and the structural similarity index (SSIM) were used to analyze the intrinsic image similarity between various dynamic images.ResultsImage registration increased the average uniformity index by 18% if the 3.5 ppm saturated image was selected as the reference image. However, registering to the unsaturated dynamic image reduced the uniformity index by 13% on average. The joint histogram analysis showed that the saturated dynamic images were highly similar (SSIM = 0.89 ± 0.01), and were considerably different from the unsaturated dynamic image (SSIM = 0.58 ± 0.03).ConclusionThe selection of the 3.5 ppm dynamic image as the reference image generated the highest uniformity index for APT imaging though other saturated images were equally suited as reference images. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:756–761.
Automatic muscle and fat segmentation in the thigh from T1‐Weighted MRI
Authors: Orgiu Sara , Lafortuna Claudio L. , Rastelli Fabio , Cadioli Marcello , Falini Andrea , Rizzo Giovanna 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo introduce and validate an automatic segmentation method for the discrimination of skeletal muscle (SM), and adipose tissue (AT) components (subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT] and intermuscular adipose tissue [IMAT]) from T1‐weighted (T1‐W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of the thigh.Materials and MethodsEighteen subjects underwent an MRI examination on a 1.5T Philips Achieva scanner. Acquisition was performed using a T1‐W sequence (TR = 550 msec, TE = 15 msec), pixel size between 0.81–1.28 mm, slice thickness of 6 mm. Bone, AT, and SM were discriminated using a fuzzy c‐mean algorithm and morphologic operators. The muscle fascia that separates SAT from IMAT was detected by integrating a morphological‐based segmentation with an active contour Snake. The method was validated on five young normal weight, five older normal weight, and five older obese females, comparing automatic with manual segmentations.ResultsWe reported good performance in the extraction of SM, AT, and bone in each subject typology (mean sensitivity above 96%, mean relative area difference of 1.8%, 2.7%, and 2.5%, respectively). A mean distance between contours pairs of 0.81 mm and a mean percentage of contour points with distance smaller than 2 pixels of 86.2% were obtained in the muscle fascia identification. Significant correlation was also found between manual and automatic IMAT and SAT cross‐sectional areas in all subject typologies (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe proposed automatic segmentation approach provides adequate thigh tissue segmentation and may be helpful in studies of regional composition. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:601–610.
Pain in Parkinson's Disease: Current Concepts and a New Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Mylius Veit , Ciampi de Andrade Daniel , Cury Rubens Gisbert , Teepker Michael , Ehrt Uwe , Eggert Karla Maria , Beer Serafin , Kesselring Jürg , Stamelou Maria , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Möller Jens Carsten , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundPain is a significant burden for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with a high impact on quality of life. The present article aims at summarizing epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and neurophysiological data regarding pain in PD.MethodsIn this domain, a procedure of systematic assessment is still lacking for the syndromic diagnosis and should take into account pain characteristics, effects of dopaminergic treatment, motor fluctuations, and non‐PD‐associated pain.FindingsWe propose an original questionnaire addressing an algorithm suitable for daily clinical practice. The questionnaire is based on a three‐step approach addressing first the relationship between pain and PD (including temporal relationship with the course of the disease, association with motor fluctuations, and impact of antiparkinsonian treatment), before classifying pain into one of three main syndromes (i.e., musculoskeletal pain, psychomotor restlessness pain, and neuropathic pain).ConclusionsThe proposed questionnaire allows the characteristics of each pain type to be determined according to its relationship with the disease and its treatment. The validation of the clinical use of this questionnaire will be the goal of a forthcoming work.
Rotated stack‐of‐spirals partial acquisition for rapid volumetric parallel MRI
Authors: Deng Weiran , Zahneisen Benjamin , Stenger V. Andrew 
Published: August 2015

PurposeWe present a volumetric sampling method that rotates the spiral interleaves of a stack of spirals (SOSP) trajectory for reduced aliasing artifacts using parallel imaging with undersampling.MethodsThe aliasing pattern in an undersampled SOSP acquisition was modified by consecutively rotating spiral interleaves in each phase‐encoding plane. This allows a sampling scheme with a high reduction factor when using a volumetric multireceiver array. Phantom and in vivo brain images at a resolution of 1 × 1 × 2 mm3 were acquired at 3T using a 32‐channel coil. Images reconstructed with a reduction factor of 16 were compared for aliasing artifacts and geometry factor (g‐factor).ResultsPhantom and in vivo brain image results revealed that the rotated SOSP acquisition with a reduction factor of 16 produces images with reduced aliasing and lower g‐factors than images acquired without rotation.ConclusionThe proposed rotated SOSP sampling method is a highly efficient way to maximize the encoding power of volumetric receiver arrays in parallel imaging and is applicable to rapid volumetric scanning, including susceptibility‐weighted imaging and functional MRI. Magn Reson Med 76:127–135, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stromal expression of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 in prostate tissue is associated with biochemical and clinical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Nordby Yngve , Andersen Sigve , Richardsen Elin , Ness Nora , Al‐Saad Samer , Melbø‐Jørgensen Christian , Patel Hiten RH , Dønnem Tom , Busund Lill‐Tove , Bremnes Roy M 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThere is probably significant overtreatment of patients with prostate cancer due to a lack of sufficient diagnostic tools to predict aggressive disease. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are potent mediators of angiogenesis and tumor proliferation, but have been examined to a limited extent in large prostate cancer studies. Meanwhile, recent promising results on VEGFR‐2 inhibition have highlighted their importance, leading to the need for further investigations regarding their expression and prognostic impact.DesignUsing tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, the expression of VEGFs (VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C) and their receptors (VEGFR‐2 and VEGFR‐3) were measured in neoplastic tissue and corresponding stroma from radical prostatectomy specimens in 535 Norwegian patients. Their expression was evaluated semiquantatively and associations with event‐free survival were calculated.ResultsHigh expression of VEGFR‐2 in either stroma or epithelium was independently associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer relapse (HR = 4.56, P = 0.038). A high combined expression of either VEGF‐A, VEGFR‐2 or both in stroma was independently associated with a higher incidence of biochemical failure (HR = 1.77, P = 0.011).ConclusionsThis large study highlights the prognostic importance of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 stromal expression. Analyses of these biomarkers may help distinguish which patients will benefit from radical treatment. Together with previous studies showing efficiency of targeting VEGFR‐2 in prostate cancer, this study highlights its potential as a target for therapy, and may aid in future selection of prostate cancer patients for novel anti‐angiogenic treatment. Prostate 75:1682–1693, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Avian response to green roofs in urban landscapes in the Midwestern USA
Authors: Eakin Carly J. , Campa Henry , Linden Daniel W. , Roloff Gary J. , Rowe D. Bradley , Westphal Joanne 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTGreen roofs present an opportunity to provide large areas of vegetation that could serve as bird habitat in urban areas. Point‐count surveys at 12 green‐roof study locations in the midwestern United States were conducted during the bird breeding season in 2010 and 2011. At each green roof location, birds were surveyed on building rooftops and at ground level around (<200 m) each building. Data collection resulted in 771 sampling periods during which 2,973 species detections (1,315 for native songbirds) were recorded. We estimated occupancy probabilities for birds with single‐ and multi‐species occupancy models, which accounted for detection and allowed for community‐level summaries such as species richness. Twenty‐six noninvasive, native bird species were detected on the roofs, and the estimated mean richness of native songbird and woodpecker species for each green roof was 10–21. Most species (approx. 90%) observed on green roofs also were observed in surrounding landscapes, and species richness estimates and species‐specific occupancy probabilities were typically lower for green roofs than for surrounding landscapes. Our results indicate that green roofs may contribute to habitat for a subset of birds already occurring in urbanized landscapes. Although surrounding areas likely provide greater bird habitat than vegetation on green roofs, several native songbird, woodpecker, and waterfowl species use green roofs in urban landscapes; hence, green roofs have potential to contribute to bird habitat in urban areas and may help mitigate negative effects of urbanization on birds. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Data acquisition varies by bat phonic group for 2 types of bat detectors when weatherproofed and paired in field settings
Authors: Kaiser Zachary D. E. , O'Keefe Joy M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTManufacturers of acoustic bat detectors use proprietary microphones with different frequency responses, sensitivities, and directionality. Researchers implement various waterproofing strategies to protect microphones from inclement weather. These factors cause different detector models to have unique sampling areas and likely results in dissimilar data recording. We tested whether SM2BAT+ (SM2) and Anabat SD2 (Anabat) bat detectors record dissimilar data when weatherproofed in a manner suitable for long‐term passive sampling. We deployed detectors at 71 random points near Indianapolis, Indiana (USA), from May to August, 2012–2013. We used 45° polyvinyl chloride tubes to weatherproof directional Anabat microphones and the stock foam shielding to cover omnidirectional SM2 microphones. Anabat and SM2 microphones were paired at 2‐m and 5‐m heights. We adjusted file parameters to make Anabat and SM2 data comparable. We identified files to phonic group (low, midrange, and Myotis) using Bat Call ID software. The effects of detector type, phonic group, height, and their interactions on mean files recorded per site were assessed using generalized estimating equations and least‐significant‐differences pairwise comparisons. Anabats recorded more low and midrange files, but fewer Myotis files per site than did SM2s. When comparing the same model of detectors, deployment height did not affect data acquisition. Weatherproofing may limit the ability of Anabats to record Myotis, but Anabat microphones may have greater detection ranges for low and midrange bats. We demonstrated that the ability to record bat calls in different frequency ranges varies with microphone type and weatherproofing strategy, which implies that best practices for presence–absence surveys may also vary for bats in different phonic groups. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Continental crust of Gorny Altai: stages of formation and evolution; indicative role of granitoids
Authors: Kruk N.N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The composition and mechanisms of formation of continental crust in Gorny Altai and the role of granitoid magmatism in its evolution are considered. Geochemical and isotope data for major types of rocks of primary crust and for Early–Middle Paleozoic granitoids of the region are presented. The role of granitoids as indicators of the different stages of the continental-crust evolution is discussed. A review of the main models of continental crust formation is maid, and their applicability to the Gorny Altai segment of the Central Asian Fold Belt is shown. Based on the complex of geological, geochemical, isotope, and geochronological data, it has been established that the formation of continental crust in the Early and Late Caledonian terranes of Gorny Altai proceeded nearly synchronously (in the Middle–Late Devonian). In the Early Caledonian terranes, this process was the consequence of the multistage fractionation of primary juvenile crust of basic composition, and in the Late Caledonian ones it was the result of one-cycle intracrustal melting of hybrid andesitic crust rich in recycled material.
Evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal system of the Kalaxiange’er porphyry copper belt and implications for ore formation (Xinjiang, China)
Authors: Jinggan Gao , Wenyuan Li , Chunji Xue , Qijun Tu , Zhanfeng Zhao , Wenping Yang , Youzhu Li , Volkova N.I. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Kalaxiange’er porphyry copper ore belt is situated in the eastern part of the southern Altai of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and forms part of a broad zone of Cu porphyry mineralization in southern Mongolia, which includes the Oyu Tolgoi ore district and other copper–gold deposits. The copper ore bodies are spatially associated with porphyry intrusions of granodiorite, quartz diorite, quartz syenite, and quartz monzonite and have a polygenetic (polychromous) origin (magmatic porphyry, hydrothermal, and supergene). The mineralized porphyries are characterized by almost identical REE and trace element patterns. The Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios are similar to those of normal granite produced through the evolution of mantle magma. The low initial Sr isotope ratio ISr, varying within a narrow range of values (0.703790–0.704218), corresponds to that of primitive mantle, whereas the εNd(T) value of porphyry varies from 5.8 to 8.4 and is similar to that of MORB. These data testify to the upper-mantle genesis of the parental magmas of ore-bearing porphyry, which were then contaminated with crustal material in an island-arc environment. The isotopic composition of sulfur (unimodal distribution of δ34S with peak values of −2 to −4‰) evidences its deep magmatic origin; the few lower negative δ34S values suggest that part of S was extracted from volcanic deposits later. The isotopic characteristics of Pb testify to its mixed crust–upper-mantle origin. According to SHRIMP U–Pb geochronological data for zircon from granite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry, mineralization at the Xiletekehalasu porphyry Cu deposit formed in two stages: (1) Hercynian “porphyry” stage (375.2 ± 8.7 Ma), expressed as the formation of porphyry with disseminated and vein–disseminated mineralization, and (2) Indosinian stage (217.9 ± 4.2 Ma), expressed as superposed hydrothermal mineralization. The Re–Os isotope data on molybdenite (376.9 ± 2.2 Ma) are the most consistent with the age of primary mineralization at the Xiletekehalasu porphyry Cu deposit, whereas the Ar–Ar isotopic age (230 ± 5 Ma) of K-feldspar–quartz vein corresponds to the stage of hydrothermal mineralization. The results show that mineralization at the Xiletekehalasu porphyry Cu deposit was a multistage process which resulted in the superposition of the Indosinian hydrothermal mineralization on the Hercynian porphyry Cu mineralization.