bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cadaveric analysis of cervical fixation: the effect of intermediate fixation points and dynamization in multilevel cervical fusions
Authors: Lubelski Daniel , McCormick William E. , Ferrara Lisa , Benzel Edward C. , Kayanja Mark 
Published: September 2014

Object
The authors conducted a study to compare biomechanical effects on the cervical spine of bridging fixation and intermediate fixation techniques, in both fixed and dynamic modes.

Methods
A biaxial, servohydraulic machine biomechanically tested 23 human cervical spines for stiffness and strain in compression, extension, flexion, and lateral bending through 3 specimen states: 1) intact, 2) defect (corpectomy and discectomy), and 3) grafting with plate application in 1 of 4 constructs: C3–7 dynamized long strut (DLS), C3–7 fixed long strut (FLS), C3–5–7 dynamized multisegment (DMS), and C3–5–7 fixed multisegment (FMS).

Results
Compared with FMS, FLS had significantly greater strain in extension (at C-3 and at the rostral and caudal parts of the graft) and in lateral bending (at C-3 and at the caudal part of the graft). Fixed (FLS and FMS) constructs had greater flexion stiffness than did dynamized (DLS and DMS) constructs and showed a trend toward greater lateral bending stiffness. Instrumentation revealed greater extension strain with the long fixed (FLS and DLS) constructs than with the multifixed (FMS and FMS) constructs at the rostral and caudal parts of the graft but no significant differences between the dynamized (DLS and DMS) and fixed (FLS and FMS) constructs.

Conclusions
Multisegmental fixation provided greater stabilizing forces than did bridging constructs for both dynamized and fixed plates. Use of multisegmental fixation can potentially decrease strain at the screw-plate interface and reduce the rate of hardware failure.
Wirkung von Schutzwald gegen gravitative Naturgefahren – Protect-Bio
Authors: Wasser Berchthold , Perren Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

Effect of protection forests on natural hazards due to gravity: Protect-Bio
The “Protect-Bio” project of the Federal Environment Agency aims to appraise the effects of biological protection measures, notably protection forests, in such a way that they can be compared to the effects of technical protection measures with the same objectives. A methodology has been developed in the context of the “Protect” project of the National Platform for Natural Hazards (PLANAT) to assess technical measures, which has several stages: preparation, rapid assessment, evaluation of measures, evaluation of effects. This article shows how the methodology for technical measures can be adapted to protection forests. It appears that the principles of the “Protect” project which must be used to evaluate technical protection measures can be applied to biological protection measures. Protect-Bio widens the framework of the danger assessment (danger map) to risk analysis in general. For most danger processes, procedures can be developed for rapid assessment as well as evaluation of measures and effects. Open questions remain concerning evaluation of effects of protection forests with regard to deep and medium level landslides and flooding. It is hoped that in future the protective effects of forests can be taken into consideration in an appropriate and balanced way when assessing dangers and risks.
Isolation and characterization of 11 microsatellite markers for Glochidion acuminatum (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: Mochizuki Ko , Nagano Atsushi J. , Kudoh Hiroshi , Kawakita Atsushi 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Glochidion acuminatum (Phyllanthaceae) to investigate pollen dispersal distances and thereby to assess the effectiveness of specialized Epicephala moths as pollinators.• Methods and Results: Using next‐generation sequencing, 11 polymorphic microsatellite primer pairs were developed for G. acuminatum. The primer pairs were tested on 49 individuals from two populations in Japan. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 13, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.12 to 0.85. Probability of identity for all loci combined was lower than 1.27 × 107.• Conclusions: The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be useful for evaluating the benefit of specialized Epicephala moth pollination to Glochidion plants.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for a wind‐dispersed tropical tree species, Triplaris cumingiana (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Wei Na , Dick Christopher W. 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Novel microsatellite markers were characterized in the wind‐dispersed and dioecious neotropical tree Triplaris cumingiana (Polygonaceae) for use in understanding the ecological processes and genetic impacts of pollen‐ and seed‐mediated gene flow in tropical forests.• Methods and Results: Sixty‐two microsatellite primer pairs were screened, from which 12 markers showing five or more alleles per locus (range 5–17) were tested on 47 individuals. Observed and expected heterozygosities averaged 0.692 and 0.731, respectively. Polymorphism information content was between 0.417 and 0.874. Linkage disequilibrium was observed in one of the 66 pairwise comparisons between loci. Two loci showed deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. An additional 14 markers exhibiting lower polymorphism were characterized on a smaller number of individuals.• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers have high levels of polymorphism and reproducibility and will be useful in studying gene flow and population structure in T. cumingiana.
Decision-making, human cognition, and equanimity of mind
Authors: Roy Sisir 
Published: September 2014

Background:
Decision-making is one of the most puzzling issues in modern neuro-cognitive dynamics. It depends on how the brain behaves at that particular instance and identifies and responds to a signal among myriads of noises that are present in the surroundings (called external noise) as well as in the neurons themselves (called internal noise). The ability to predict the outcome of future events is, arguably, the most universal and significant of all global brain functions. The ability to anticipate the outcome of a given action depends on sensory stimuli from the outside world and previously learned experience and/or inherited instincts. So, there is a need to formulate a theory of inference using prior knowledge for decision-making and judgment, as well as, new empirical evidences.

Aims:
The current paper aims to shed new light on decision-making and judgment with the help of states of mind like neutral mind and equanimity. The paper also aims at highlighting the scientific aspects of these states, which are conducive to proper decision making by an individual.

Method:
The current paper makes use of methods of mathematical modeling based on a generalized version of probability argument in the Bayesian framework, which includes prior knowledge for decision making and human judgment, as well as, quantum theory in order to model the cognitive domain.

Result:
The states of mind like neutral mind and equanimity may help an individual to take correct decision with unbiased judgment, and accomplish right cognition.

Conclusion:
The general Bayesian framework when coupled with quantum theory may help us to understand states of mind like neutral mind and equanimity, in which decision-making happens with unbiased judgment. The current paper also opens up a new dialog between modern science and Indian philosophy as the latter is likely to offer an explanation to the superposed state that has been studied by the scientific community in quantum theory.
Feasibility and Effect of a Professional Education Workshop for Occupational Therapists’ Management of Upper-Limb Poststroke Sensory Impairment
Authors: Doyle Susan D. , Bennett Sally 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the development, implementation, and effectiveness of a theory-based workshop to facilitate knowledge translation for occupational therapists addressing upper-limb poststroke sensory impairments.
METHOD. Nineteen therapists participated in a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study that included an 8-hr evidence-based workshop designed using the Theory of Planned Behavior. We measured changes in knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control and intended behaviors regarding sensory impairment management, research utilization, and shared decision making.
RESULTS. We noted significant changes in knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control and intended behaviors about sensory impairment management, research utilization, and shared decision making and made recommendations for changes in recruitment strategies, outcome measures, and workshop content.
CONCLUSION. A theory-based workshop can potentially affect knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviors about sensory impairment management, research utilization, and shared decision making. A randomized controlled trial evaluating this intervention is warranted and will potentially improve understanding of methods to facilitate knowledge translation.
Development, Reliability, and Validity of the My Child’s Play (MCP) Questionnaire
Authors: Schneider Eleanor , Rosenblum Sara 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOBJECTIVE. This article describes the development, reliability, and validity of My Child’s Play (MCP), a parent questionnaire designed to evaluate the play of children ages 3–9 yr.METHOD. The first phase of the study determined the questionnaire’s content and face validity. Subsequently, the internal reliability consistency and construct and concurrent validity were demonstrated using 334 completed questionnaires.RESULTS. The MCP showed good internal consistency (α = .86). The factor analysis revealed four distinct factors with acceptable levels of internal reliability (Cronbach’s αs = .63–.81) and gender- and age-related differences in play characteristics; both findings attest to the tool’s construct validity. Significant correlations (r = .33, p &lt; .0001) with the Parent as a Teacher Inventory demonstrate the MCP’s concurrent validity.CONCLUSION. The MCP demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. It appears to be a promising standardized assessment tool for use in research and practice to promote understanding of a child’s play.
One- and Three-Screen Driving Simulator Approaches to Evaluate Driving Capacity: Evidence of Congruence and Participants’ Endorsement
Authors: Gibbons Carrie , Mullen Nadia , Weaver Bruce , Reguly Paula , Bédard Michel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the validity of one-screen versus three-screen driving simulators and their acceptability to middle-aged and older drivers.
METHOD. Participants aged 40–55 or 65 and older (N = 32) completed simulated drives first with a single monitor and then with a three-monitor setup, followed by pen-and-paper measures and an interview.
RESULTS. Mean differences between one- and three-screen drives were not statistically significant for Starting/Stopping and Passing/Speed. Correlations between the two drives indicated moderate positive linear relationships with moderate agreement. More errors occurred on the one-screen simulator for Signal Violation/Right of Way/Inattention, Moving in a Roadway, Turning, and Total Scores. However, for Moving in a Roadway, Turning, and Total Scores, correlations between drives indicated strong positive linear relationships. We found no meaningful correlation between workload, computer comfort, simulator discomfort, and performance on either drive. Participants found driving simulators acceptable.
CONCLUSION. Findings support the use of one-screen simulators. Participants were favorable regarding driving simulators for assessment.
Internal Structure of the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports (CHORES) Measure
Authors: Dunn Louise , Magalhaes Lívia C. , Mancini Marisa Cotta 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the internal structure of the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports (CHORES), an assessment of household task participation for children. Rasch analysis was used to examine patterns of item response and scale structure with data collected from caregivers of 132 children and youth ages 6–14 yr with and without disabling conditions. Internal consistency was strong for the total measure and the subscales. The items in both subscales fit the measurement model, and the item difficulty order matched the expected pattern from harder to easier household task performance and degree of caregiver assistance. The sample distribution in the hierarchical continuum showed that younger participants and those with physical disabilities tended to score lower. Some inconsistencies in rating scale use suggest a need for further clarification of the scoring criteria for measurement coherence.
State of Measurement in Occupational Therapy Using Sensory Integration
Authors: Schaaf Roseann C. , Burke Janice Posatery , Cohn Ellen , May-Benson Teresa A. , Schoen Sarah A. , Roley Susanne Smith , Lane Shelly J. , Parham L. Diane , Mailloux Zoe 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article presents the current state of measurement in the area of sensory integration within the field of occupational therapy in three areas: (1) phenotypic characterization, (2) intervention adherence and dosage, and (3) outcome measurement. The need for additional measurement tools in all three areas is addressed. In regard to outcome measurement of occupational therapy using sensory integration, the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain outcome data is recommended. Further, a strategy is recommended for obtaining outcome data from direct report from the child or other stakeholder.
In Search of Universal Political Principles:
Authors: Rasmussen Douglas B. , Uyl Douglas J. Den 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Although it is necessary for the truth of a cognition that the cognition answer to the thing known, still it is not necessary that the mode of the thing known be the same as the mode of its cognition.
—Aquinas, Summa contra gentiles, II, 75
The only safe way to apply Kant’s test of universalizability is to envisage the act in its whole concrete particularity.
—Sir David Ross, Kant’s Ethical Theory
Proteção dos Direitos Humanos: Constitucionalização do Direito Internacional ou Internacionalização do Direito Constitucional?
Authors: Friedrich Tatyana Scheila 
Published: September 2014

Tanto o Direito Constitucional quanto o Direito Internacional sempre se preocuparam com o respeito aos Direitos Humanos. Todo o corpo jurídico que forma hoje o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos teve inspiração em modelos constitucionais que lhes eram anteriores. É o que se pode observar no Pacto dos Direitos Civis e Políticos e no Pacto dos Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais. Com o desenvolvimento da proteção internacional e regional de tais direitos, atualmente verifica-se a influência do Direito Internacional sobre as Constituições locais, que surgem em conformidade, ou vão se adaptando, às novas regulamentações e exigências internacionais. A Constituição Brasileira caminha nesse sentido.
Balanced Scorecard aplicado em laboratórios de análises clínicas
Authors: Lopes Luciano Luz , Stroparo Elenice , Freitas-Lidani Kárita Cláudia 
Published: September 2014

Este artigo apresenta um modelo de Balanced Scorecard (BSC) proposto para laboratório de análises clínicas, baseado na estratégia de Kaplan e Norton, que apresenta um modelo de gestão em laboratório clínico para empresas de qualquer porte. De acordo com esse modelo, a estratégia é definida em relação a perspectivas financeiras, clientes, processos internos, aprendizado e crescimento. O BSC é um instrumento direcionado para o sistema de gestão estratégica que utiliza indicadores de desempenho baseados em variáveis capazes de interferir direta e indiretamente nas ações da empresa.
Tecnologias limpas aplicadas a gestão dos resíduos do coco
Authors: Jerônimo Carlos Enrique de M. 
Published: September 2014

Uma grande faixa da Zona da Mata do nordeste brasileiro vem apresentando, nos últimos tempos, um considerável desenvolvimento econômico, propiciado pelo plantio e cultivo do coco. Em paralelo a gravidade causada pela atividade de plantio do coco, surge a necessidade de se encontrar um destino adequado para os resíduos gerados, pois, o mesmo édescartado como lixo, agravando ainda mais o problema da destinação final em lixões. Problema esse, que poderia ser transformado em oportunidade de negócios, passando a sermatéria-prima, gerando renda, ajudando na sobrevivência familiar das regiões produtoras. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, a elaboração de uma proposta de um sistema integrado abrangendo aspectos ambientais, técnico-científicos e sociais de direcionamento do resíduo orgânico com fins econômicos. Pode-se observar que a gravidade, principalmente em termos do montante, é alta, no entanto as formas de minimização do problema são simples,principalmente por se tratar de um resíduo biodegradável, e composto de fibras naturais, reaproveitadas em diversos processos industriais. Observou-se que a problemática pode ser solucionada pelo empenho empresarial, social e governamental para implantação e adaptação do sistema integrado.
El viaje y el arquitecto
Authors: Baladrón Alfredo 
Published: September 2014

A lo largo de la historia, la formación del arquitecto ha venido acompañada por el viaje. El “grand tour” completaba, inicialmente, los conocimientos de historia y composición, pero servía, a su vez, como una fuente de experiencias que acompañarían al arquitecto a lo largo de su vida y obra. El hecho mismo de viajar supone una deslocalización, una tabula rasa en la que los sentidos se despiertan y agudizan, haciendo del sujeto una caja de resonancia sensible que permite una profunda asimilación de lo percibido que alimenta su imaginación. Percepción, memoria e imaginación están íntimamente ligadas. Dado que el arquitecto tiene una habilidad innata de recordar e imaginar espacios, el viaje constituye una fuente de experiencias y emociones que dan forma a su memoria.
La obra de Le Corbusier está marcada por sus viajes. Es posible definir su arquitectura, pintura y escultura por medio de sus visitas a Argel, Río de Janeiro, Nueva York, India o Italia. Pero si hay una que sintetice mejor todas ellas, quizás ese sea el viaje a Oriente de 1911, y fundamentalmente la visita a la Acrópolis a Atenas. Le Corbusier definió el Partenón como una máquina de conmover y le sirvió, años más tarde, para definir el concepto de “Espacio inefable”, cúspide de la emoción plástica.
El artículo trata de mostrar de qué forma afectó a la arquitectura de Le Corbusier esa visita al Partenón, analizando su experiencia y la evolución del recuerdo de la misma a lo largo de su vida.
Throughout history, architectural education has been accompanied
by the journey. The “grand tour” served initially to complete
the knowledge of history and composition, but at the
same time constituted a source of experiences that will accompany
the architect throughout his life and work. The very
act of traveling involves a relocation, a tabula rasa on which
the senses are awakened and intensified, making the subject
a sensitive resonance box that allows a deep assimilation of
the perceived experiences that feeds his imaginary. Perception,
memory and imagination are inextricably linked. Since
the architect has an innate ability to remember and imagine
spaces, the journey is a source of experiences and emotions
that shape memory.
Le Corbusier’s work is marked by his travels. One can define
his architecture, painting and sculpture through his visits to Algiers,
Rio de Janeiro, New York, India and Italy. But if there is
one that best synthesizes all of them maybe that’s the Voyage
à Orient in 1911, and primarily the visit to the Acropolis of
Athens. Le Corbusier defined the Parthenon as a machine to
move and served, years later, to define the concept of “ineffable
space”, top of the plastic emotion.
The article attempts to show how the architecture of Le Corbusier
was affected by the visit to the Parthenon, analyzing his
experience and the evolution of the memory of it throughout
his life.
Une scène incontrôlable ? L’encadrement juridique des pratiques théâtrales à Lille et dans sa région à l’époque de la Réforme
Authors: Lavéant Katell 
Published: September 2014

En parallèle à la législation impériale qui se met en place au cours du xvie siècle dans les Pays-Bas pour contrôler le théâtre comme possible instrument de propagation des idées de la Réforme, il existe une longue tradition locale dans les villes francophones de la région qui régule l’activité dramatique depuis le xive siècle au moins. En analysant ces différentes sources, et en prenant l’exemple spécifique des registres des délibérations du Magistrat de Lille, on peut étudier le rôle que le théâtre — et plus généralement l’ensemble de la culture récréative et des spectacles — a pu jouer comme lieu d’expression pour les protestants dans cette région. Il apparaît alors que c’est bien le statut hybride du théâtre, entre écrit et oral, qui a pu constituer un outil efficace pour les sympathisants de la Réforme, acteurs comme spectateurs, pour déjouer le contrôle des autorités.
Une foi exemplaire ? Abraham, Esther et David à l’épreuve de la tragédie huguenote1
Authors: Stawarz-Luginbühl Ruth 
Published: September 2014

Les tragédies bibliques qui furent composées par plusieurs auteurs réformés à l’orée des guerres de religion (1550-1570 : Bèze, Coignac, A. de La Croix, Rivaudeau, Des Masures, La Taille) ont cette particularité de proposer des intrigues construites autour d’une crise d’ordre tout à la fois politique et spirituel. Les héros ainsi confrontés à un événement grave, capable de remettre en question l’Alliance jadis conclue avec Dieu, sont-ils, au coeur de la tourmente, des fidèles exemplaires ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous tentons, dans un premier temps, de mieux cerner la figure de l’élu souffrant (Job et Abraham) telle qu’elle ressort des Sermons sur Job et du Commentaire sur la Genèse de Calvin. Sur la base de cette réflexion préliminaire, la seconde partie de l’article se donne pour objectif d’interroger, à travers un survol synthétique du corpus, les modalités dramaturgiques régissant la représentation du fidèle mis à l’épreuve.
Théodore de Bèze et la première « Tragedie Françoise » : imitation, innovation et exemplarité
Authors: Graham Anne G. 
Published: September 2014

Théodore de Bèze attache le sous-titre « Tragedie Françoise » à la pièce qu’il tire du chapitre 22 de la Genèse lorsqu’il la publie en 1550. Or, la classification générique d’Abraham sacrifiant est une question qui a longtemps préoccupé les critiques. Cet article se propose, dans un premier temps, d’éclairer le choix de Bèze de nommer sa pièce une tragédie en examinant la question de l’exemplarité, celle d’Abraham et celle de l’oeuvre elle-même. Dans un deuxième temps, nous justifions cette classification générique grâce à une analyse de la pièce selon le code de la tragédie antique développé par Florence Dupont dans ses travaux sur le théâtre de Sénèque. Cette analyse nous permet de voir comment Bèze incorpore les quatre composantes de ce code tragique — dolor, furor, crime et monstre tragique — dans sa dramatisation du récit biblique et d’observer la façon dont il exploite la focalisation de la tragédie antique sur le héros et sur sa souffrance pour faire d’Abraham un modèle de foi.