bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Stable is the Savings-led Growth Hypothesis in Malaysia? The Bootstrap Simulation and Recursive Causality Tests
Authors: Tang Chor Foon 
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the vindication of the savings-led growth hypothesis for the Malaysian economy with the long-run TYDL version of the Granger causality test—Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lütkepohl (1996). This study used the quarterly sample from 1970:Q1 to 2008:Q4. The recursive regression procedure will also incorporate into the TYDL causality test to measure the stability of the savings-led growth hypothesis in the long-run. Our empirical results support that the savings-led growth hypothesis is a long-run phenomenon and stable over time. Therefore, the Malaysian dataset supports the endogenous growth theory. JEL Classification: C22, E21, O16
Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed Lactonization of Arylacetamides Involving Oxidation of C–H Bonds
Authors: Uemura Takeshi , Igarashi Takuya , Noguchi Moe , Shibata Kaname , Chatani Naoto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The reaction of arylacetamides that contain a quinolin-8-ylmethylamine as the directing group with PhI(OAc)2, in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst, results in lactonization to give γ-lactones, the formation of which involves activation of the ortho C–H bonds, with concomitant cleavage of the directing group.
Generation of Arynes Using Trimethylsilylmethyl Grignard Reagent for Activation of ortho-Iodoaryl or ortho-Sulfinylaryl Triflates
Authors: Yoshida Suguru , Uchida Keisuke , Hosoya Takamitsu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The trimethylsilylmethyl Grignard reagent triggered efficient generation of arynes from various ortho-iodoaryl or ortho-sulfinylaryl triflates. The moderate nucleophilicity and basicity of the reagent facilitated efficient reactions between the aryne precursors and arynophiles containing organometallic nucleophile-sensitive functionalities.
Surface Treatment of the Compact TiO2 Layer for Efficient Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cojocaru Ludmila , Uchida Satoshi , Sanehira Yoshitaka , Nakazaki Jotaro , Kubo Takaya , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A compact TiO2 interlayer between fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and perovskite in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells is essential for effective charge extraction and minimized recombination. The electrical property of the interface of the perovskite layer with the compact TiO2 layer is thus important for achieving high power conversion efficiency in the perovskite solar cells. The motivation for the present study was to improve cell performance by improving the property of the TiO2/perovskite interface. Interestingly, a remarkable enhancement in cell efficiency was achieved by treatment of the compact TiO2 layer with TiCl4 and UV(O3).
Endovascular reflux-elimination of perforating veins by RFITT and foam sclerotherapy
Authors: Duben J. , Gatek J. , Saha T. , Hnatkova G. , Hnatek L. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIntroduction: During the last years, many endovascular techniques have been developed in order to eliminate not only the reflux in stem veins but in perforating veins and their tributaries, too.Aim: The aim of this study was to use endo -vascular RFITT and the foam sclerotherapy for the occlusion of perforating veins as the prime source of reflux and their tributaries.Material and Methods: The Celon method was used for the thermal treatment. Polydocalon with the concentration 1% and 2% with DSS technique was used for the foam sclerotherapy. The RFITT was accomplished in 127 perforating veins in total. This group was divided into three subgroups. The first one consists of patients where only RFITT was carried out (n= 41), in the second, there were patients with RFITT realized with sclerotherapy during one session (n= 48), in the third, RFITT was completed with sclerotherapy in one month after the RFITT intervention (n= 38). The control group included perforating veins treated only with sclerotherapy (n= 81). The power setting 6W was used on the generator during the RFITT with CelonProSurge micro and 18W for usage of Celon ProCurve probe.Results: The effectiveness of the procedure in the group 1 was 8.8%, in the group two 93.7%, in the group three 92.1% and in the control group 76.5% in one year follow up. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness in groups 1, 2 and 3. The marginal difference was among all three groups with RFITT and the control group. Significant differences were in the parameter of the extinction of visible varicose veins with the reflux from perforators. The extinction was faster in group 3 than in group 2 and in the control group and the slowest was in group 1. The significant difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 compared with group 1 and the margin difference was between groups 2 and 3 compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed between groups 1 and the control group.Conclusions: All procedures are effective. The most important is the combination of RFITT and the sclerotherapy one month after thermal intervention. This is associated with a low risk of recanalization and the fastest extinction of visible varicose veins.
Housing a modernisation agenda: ensuring authentic academic learning environments for healthcare assistants
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Garfield Iain , Beardmore Philip 
Published: February 2015

This article is written both for facilitators of HCA education, as well as for HCAs who might be encountering the notion of authentic physical learning spaces for the first time, or who have as yet not recognised the significance of how and where students learn in relation to the application of theoretical knowledge. As the HCA workforce moves towards professional regulation, with the imminent arrival of the Care Certificate ( Health Education England et al, 2015 ), the consideration of appropriate physical learning environments is a fundamental part of educational provision. In optimal academic learning environments, emphasis is placed directly on the need to frame and define learning in the midst of patient-centred care and interprofessional working, both clinically and academically. Authentic physical learning environments underpin the credibility of academic provision and this article showcases the modernisation of the sciences complex at the University of Sunderland, where educational focus remains firmly rooted in the potential employability of students and the credibility of the academic awards validated by the institution. In conjunction with on-campus provision of learning opportunity, work placement and work-based learning also represent a means of situating and framing educational provision at the front line of patient care.
Disparities in Acute Stroke Care: Role of Race and Insurance Status
Authors: Romero José R. , Lau Helena , Winter Michael R. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Kase Carlos S. , Babikian Viken L. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Minorities constitute groups with higher risk of stroke and stroke severity. Disparities in stroke care may result from greater prevalence of risk factors, barriers to medical care, and lower utilization of preventive therapies. Insurance status may be one limiting factor in access to care and preventive measures.
Purpose: We hypothesize that vascular risk factors differ between racial groups and that insurance status may affect stroke treatment, secondary prevention measures, stroke severity, and outcomes.
Methods: We included 1061 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke (2005-2008) in our local Get-With-The-Guidelines (GWTG) database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relation of race and insurance status to risk factors, intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IV-tPA) use, stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), hospital complications, and ambulatory status at discharge.
Results: Whites were older than Non-Whites (mean age 65 vs 62 years, p<0.001), and had higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and carotid stenosis (p<0.01). Non-whites were more likely to have hypertension and diabetes (p<0.01), peripheral arterial disease (p<0.05), and be uninsured (p<0.001). More IV-tPA was used in insured patients (24 vs 2). Blacks and other groups were more likely to be discharged on antihypertensive treatment (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.6, and OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1-13.4 respectively, p=0.04). Blacks were more likely to be discharged on lipid lowering treatment than Whites (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.4-8.6, p=0.02). There were no significant differences on hospital complications, ambulatory status on discharge or discharge location.
Conclusion: Data at this safety-net hospital suggests racial disparities in stroke risk factors and insurance status, both of which are potential targets for prevention of stroke. Follow up studies are required to clarify the role of universal insurance coverage in reduction of stroke risk and its complications.
A Prospective Audit of Inpatient Medical Oncology Consultation Patterns in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in South Australia
Authors: Joshi Rohit , Hocking Christopher , O’Neill Siobhan , Singhal Nimit , Kee Michelle , Keefe Dorothy M. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: Given the expanding role of medical oncology practice, with increasing therapeutic options for those with advanced malignancy, we sought to document the population of patients receiving inpatient medical oncology consultation. The aim of the study was to document patterns of inpatient referral to medical oncology in order to better understand service needs. We looked to define the relative frequency of cancer types, stage and treatment recommendations.
Design: A large prospective clinical audit was undertaken between January 2005 and January 2007.
Settings: The audit was conducted at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, a major tertiary referral hospital.
Participants: During the two year study period 1,173 consecutive inpatient referrals for medical oncology consultations were included in this analysis.
Main Outcome Measures: Information was collected regarding patient demographics, referral unit, cancer diagnosis and stage, treatment recommendations and follow-up plans.
Results: The most common referral units were General Medicine (19.8%) and Thoracic medicine (15%). The most common primary sites of cancer were lung (22.6%), colorectal (14.9%), primary brain tumours (9.6%) and head and neck (9.3%). The clear majority of patients had Stage 4 disease (80%) and were thus incurable in most cases. Chemotherapy was recommended in 43.7% of patients, chemo-radiation in 12.6% of patients, radiotherapy alone in 16.9% of patients and best supportive care in 24.1% of patients.
Conclusions: This large prospective clinical audit defines the population of patients referred for inpatient medical oncology consultation at our tertiary hospital. Cancer patients are being cared for by a wide variety of non-cancer specialists. The majority of patients have advanced, non-curable disease but anticancer therapy is provided to most with the intention of prolonging survival and maintaining quality of life.
Uses and abuses of history: A case of a Comme des Garçons fashion show
Authors: Zborowska Agata 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The 1995 Comme des Garçons fashion show, Sleep, provoked widespread controversy in media commentary at the time. The author analyses the origins and consequences of the censorship that resulted in the collection not only physically disappearing, but also in almost all of its traces having been eliminated. This study attempts to show how visual materials were reinterpreted through different media using a few photographs from the show and documentary materials from Auschwitz concentration camp. Discussing the Comme des Garçons case, the author refers to Michel Foucault’s notion of discourse to demonstrate how interpretations proliferated and changed during the period following the show. Most importantly, it shows how memory operates depending on the context: not only how images may be evoked by clothing, but also practically constructed by it. This article recalls that blue-and-white striped pyjamas are an iconic image: often used in popular culture – such as film – they became a widely recognized image of prisoners in Auschwitz concentration camp. Finally, to situate the Comme des Garçons fashion show in a broader context, the article refers to the ‘Nazi-chic’ phenomena, meaning a style referring to images of Nazi Germany.
The importance of computational geometry for digital cartography
Authors: Bayer Tomáš 
Published: February 2015

This paper describes the use of computational geometry concepts in the digital cartography. It presents an importance of 2D geometric structures, geometric operations and procedures for automated or semi automated simplification process. This article is focused on automated building simplification procedures, some techniques are illustrated and discussed. Concrete examples with the requirements to the lowest time complexity, emphasis on the smallest area enclosing rectangle, convex hull or self intersection procedures, are given. Presented results illustrate the relationship of digital cartography and computational geometry.
Dynamic object-oriented geospatial modeling
Authors: Richta Tomáš , Hrubý Martin 
Published: February 2015

Published literature about moving objects (MO) simplifies the problem to the representation and storage of moving points, moving lines, or moving regions. The main insufficiency of this approach is lack of MO inner structure and dynamics modeling – the autonomy of moving agent. This paper describes basics of the object-oriented geospatial methodology for modeling complex systems consisting of agents, which move within spatial environment. The main idea is that during the agent movement, different kinds of connections with other moving or stationary objects are established or disposed, based on some spatial constraint satisfaction or nonfulfilment respectively. The methodology is constructed with regard to following two main conditions – 1) the inner behavior of agents should be represented by any formalism, e.g. Petri net, finite state machine, etc., and 2) the spatial characteristic of environment should be supplied by any information system, that is able to store defined set of spatial types, and support defined set of spatial operations. Finally, the methodology is demonstrated on simple simulation model of tram transportation system.
Web Service Based on GeoTools in The Atlas of Fire Protection
Authors: Růžička Jan 
Published: February 2015

The paper describes a simple way of a systems integration based on SOAP web services. The systems integration described in the paper is covered by a system named The atlas of a fire protection. The atlas is a set of dynamically created maps published in WWW browser. Technologies used for the solution are UMN MapServer, ArcIMS, PHP, GeoTools and Axis. GeoTools and Axis are used for building platform and programming language independent component for the atlas. The paper describes a software architecture used for the atlas and a role of a web service in the integration.
Potential of rod, sphere and semi-cube shaped gold nanoparticles to induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human blood lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Abo-Zeid Mona A.M. , Liehr Thomas , Gamal-Eldeen Amira M. , Zawrah Mahmoud , Ali Mostafa , Othman Moneeb A.K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) are intended to be used in nanomedicine. Due to nanotechnology innovation GNPs of variable sizes and in different shapes including rods, spheres, cubes, etc., can easily be produced. The aim of the present studies was to evaluate the cyto-and genotoxicity inducible by different shaped GNPs on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.Four different shapes of GNPs including big rod GNPs (BR-GNPs, 50 nm), small rod GNPs (SR-GNPs, 30 nm), sphere GNPs (S-GNPs, 15 nm) and semi-cube GNPs (SC-GNPs, 15 nm) were studied. Cultured human blood lymphocytes were treated with different concentrations of these GNPs for 24 h in vitro. Cytotoxicity was evaluated based on the mitotic index (MI), while genotoxicity was studied by an interphase-fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) assay. The following genes were studied in I-FISH:The lowest concentration of BR-GNPs neither had an effect mitotic activity nor enhanced gain or loss of examined gene signals in a significant manner with I-FSH. Other concentrations of BR-GNPs, SR-GNPs, S-GNPs and SC-GNPs with all concentrations inhibited the mitotic activity of the cells and reduced the cell proliferation highly significantly. The different types of GNPs initiated the duplication ofGNPs at high concentration can reduce the cell proliferation and induce DNA damage. Low concentration of rod-shaped GNPs at 50 nm was safe on human lymphocytes. Further research studies are required to optimize the concentration, shape and size of GNPs before using them in nanomedicine.
Consensus in science
Authors: Stallinga Peter , Khmelinskii Igor 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The biggest argument in some areas of science is the existence of a consensus. However, on top of it being a non-scientific argument, it is easy to show how a consensus naturally evolves in modern research environments. In this paper we demonstrate analytically and by cellular automata how a consensus is obtained. Important conclusions are that a consensus is not necessarily representing the truth and, once established, can never change anymore.
Plant-derived natural medicines for the management of depression: an overview of mechanisms of action
Authors: Farahani Marzieh Sarbandi , Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Abdollahi Mohammad , Rahimi Roja 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDepression is a serious widespread psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 17% of people all over the world. Exploring the neurological mechanisms of the antidepressant activity of plant-derived agents could have a crucial role in developing natural drugs for the management of depression. The aim of the present study is to review the neurological mechanisms of action of antidepressant plants and their constituents. For this purpose, electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched from 1966 to October 2013. The results showed that several molecular mechanisms could be proposed for the antidepressant activity of medicinal plants and their constituents.
L. C. B. O.: An Easy Method to Predict Valence Ionization Energies. Application to Substituted Benzenes
Authors: Modelli Alberto , Distefano Giuseppe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The linear combination bond orbitals (L.C.B.0.) MO treatment has been used to reproduce the π ionization energies of several ortho-, meta-and para-disubstituted benzenes. The Coulomb integral of the substituent π orbitals and their resonance integrals with the ring π orbitals have been obtained from the spectra of the corresponding monosubstituted benzenes, using the same procedure for all the compounds under examination. The ring Coulomb integrals have been chosen taking, as an internal standard, the experimental ionization energy value of the π[a2) orbital, non interacting by symmetry in the monosubstituted and in the para-disubstituted compounds.
An application of this simple method to conformational analysis and to electron affinities is also shown.
La(OH)2I(H2O): Closing a Gap in Rare Earth Hydroxide Halide Structural Chemistry
Authors: Nilges Tom 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
UCl3 type La(OH)2I can be stabilized by additional water molecules during a hydrothermal synthesis from hydroiodic acid and lanthanum carbonate hydrate at 453 K to form La(OH)2I(H2O). The new rare earth (RE) hydroxide halide hydrate crystallizes monoclinically, space group C2/m with lattice parameters of a = 19.691(3), b = 4.136(1), c = 6.286(1) Å, β = 108.45(1)° and V = 485.6(2) Å3, wR2 = 0.0695, 648 F2 values and 32 variables. La centered, distorted, tricapped, trigonal prisms formed by iodide, (OH−)- and (H2O) groups are connected via common edges in [001]-direction and common faces in [010]-direction to built up a zigzag like layered arrangement. Hydrogen bonding between the water molecules and iodide ions of adjacent La(OH)2I layers stabilize the UCl3 related structure, which was only observed for the lighter homologues La(OH)2X (X = Cl, Br) so far. DTA/TG and IR measurements substantiated the occurrence of (H2O)- and (OH−)-groups and semiquantitative EDX analyses proved a 1:1 composition for La:I in La(OH)2I(H2O).
The Squaric Acid Derivatives C8O4S2 and C8O4Se2 – Crystal Structures, Explosive Thermal Behavior and the Preparation of Carbon Suboxide Selenide OC3Se by Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis
Authors: Beck Johannes , Krieger-Beck Petra , Kelm Klemens 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
2,7-Diselenatricyclo[6.2.0.03.6]deca-1,3-diene-4,5,9,10-tetraone, C8O4Se2, was prepared from 1,2-diselenosquarate and squaric acid dichloride. Its crystal structure and the structure of the already known sulfur analogue C8O4S2 were determined (C8O4S2: orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 1413.64(2), b = 599.850(9), c = 968.8(1) pm; C8O4Se2: orthorhombic, Pnnm, a = 415.46(2), b = 894.29(5), c = 1160.14(7) pm). The structures are not isotypic and show a different packing of the molecules whose symmetry deviate only slightly from D2h. In the four-membered C4 rings the C-C bonds represent one single bond, one double bond and two slightly shortened single bonds. The C4 rings are thus to be considered as cyclobutene-dione fragments. The vigorous exothermic decomposition of the compounds that occurs on heating to 220 to 240 °C shows that both are energetic materials. The explosions are accompanied by a heat evolution of −192 kJ/mol for C8O4S2 and −224 kJ/mol for C8O4Se2. Performing the decomposition of C8O4S2 in a closed autoclave leaves a residue of the composition “C6S” which was examined by transmission electron microscopy techniques and shown to consist mainly of amorphous carbon. This thermal behaviour is limiting the utilization of C8O4S2 and C8O4Se2 as precursors for the syntheses of OC3S and the yet unknown OC3Se via FVP. The formation of OC3S could be proven by the reaction of the trapped, slightly yellow product (evaporation at 200 °C, pyrolysis at 500 °C, trapping at −196 °C) with aniline which yielded thiomalonic acid dianilide, of which the crystal structure was determined (monoclinic, C2/c, a = 2814.8(16), b = 1201.7(8), c = 809.2(4) pm, β = 91.88(4)°, V = 2736(3) ・ 106 pm3). The mass spectrum of C8O4Se2 shows the strongest signal for OC3Se+, and FVP experiments (evaporation at 220 °C, pyrolysis at 650 °C, trapping at −75 °C) yielded small amounts of a bright yellow material which rapidly converted into a black polymer.
Lanthanide Complexes with D-Penicillamine Methyl Ester: Formation Constants, Spectral and Thermal Properties
Authors: Sallam Shehab A. , Mahmoud Marwa A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The complex-formation of the lanthanide(III) cations with D-penicillamine methyl ester have been investigated in acidic and neutral media. The macroscopic protonation constants of the ligand and the formation constants of [Ln·Pme]2+, [Ln·(Pme)2]+, [Ln·Pme·OH]+ and [Ln·Pme·(OH)2] complexes have been determined from pH-metric data using BEST computer program. Species distribution diagrams of the complexes were obtained and plotted using SPE and SPEPLOT computer programs. Elemental analyses of the solid complexes indicate the formation of 1:1 metal:ligand species. Infrared spectra show that coordination takes place through the NH2, the SH and the C=O groups of the ligand. The complexes decompose in four steps as shown by their TG and DTA analysis with the formation of Ln2(SO4)3 as a final product. Activation energy values (ΔEa) are correlated with the atomic radii of the metal ions. The mechanism of the thermal decomposition is proposed.