bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia in Victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Survey in Miyagi Prefecture
Authors: Furukawa Hajime , Kudo Daisuke , Nakagawa Atsuhiro , Matsumura Takashi , Abe Yoshiko , Konishi Ryota , Yamanouchi Satoshi , Ishibashi Satoru , Kobayashi Masakazu , Narita Norio , Washio Toshikatsu , Arafune Tatsuhiko , Tominaga Teiji , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveA survey was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients treated for hypothermia after the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsWritten questionnaires were distributed to 72 emergency medical hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture. Data were requested regarding inpatients with a temperature less than 36ºC admitted within 72 hours after the earthquake. The availability of functional heating systems and the time required to restore heating after the earthquake were also documented.ResultsA total of 91 inpatients from 13 hospitals were identified. Tsunami victims comprised 73% of the patients with hypothermia. Within 24 hours of the earthquake, 66 patients were admitted. Most patients with a temperature of 32ºC or higher were treated with passive external rewarming with blankets. Discharge without sequelae was reported for 83.3% of patients admitted within 24 hours of the earthquake and 44.0% of those admitted from 24 to 72 hours after the earthquake. Heating systems were restored within 3 days of the earthquake at 43% of the hospitals.ConclusionsHypothermia in patients hospitalized within 72 hours of the earthquake was primarily due to cold-water exposure during the tsunami. Many patients were successfully treated in spite of the post-earthquake disruption of regional social infrastructure.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-11)
OPAQUE AND TRANSLUCENT EPISTEMIC DEPENDENCE IN COLLABORATIVE SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE
Authors: Wagenknecht Susann 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper offers an analytic perspective on epistemic dependence that is grounded in theoretical discussion and field observation at the same time. When in the course of knowledge creation epistemic labor is divided, collaborating scientists come to depend upon one another epistemically. Since instances of epistemic dependence are multifarious in scientific practice, I propose to distinguish between two different forms of epistemic dependence, opaque and translucent epistemic dependence. A scientist is opaquely dependent upon a colleague if she does not possess the expertise necessary to independently carry out, and to profoundly assess, the piece of scientific labor which her colleague is contributing. If the scientist does possess the necessary expertise, I argue, her dependence is translucent. However, the distinction between opaque and translucent epistemic dependence does not exhaust dependence relations in scientific practice, because many dependence relations are neither entirely opaque nor translucent. I will discuss why this is the case, and show how we can make sense of the gray zone between opaque and translucent epistemic dependence.
CONDITIONS FOR A SCHUNCK CLASS TO BE A FORMATION
Authors: BARNES DONALD W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA Schunck class $\mathfrak{H}$ is determined by the class $\mathfrak{X}$ of primitives contained in $\mathfrak{H}$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on $\mathfrak{X}$ for $\mathfrak{H}$ to be a saturated formation.
A NOTE ON INHOMOGENEOUS DIOPHANTINE APPROXIMATION IN BETA-DYNAMICAL SYSTEM
Authors: GE YUEHUA , LÜ FAN 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe study the distribution of the orbits of real numbers under the beta-transformation$T_{{\it\beta}}$for any${\it\beta}>1$. More precisely, for any real number${\it\beta}>1$and a positive function${\it\varphi}:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}$, we determine the Lebesgue measure and the Hausdorff dimension of the following set:$$\begin{eqnarray}E(T_{{\it\beta}},{\it\varphi})=\{(x,y)\in [0,1]\times [0,1]:|T_{{\it\beta}}^{n}x-y|<{\it\varphi}(n)\text{ for infinitely many }n\in \mathbb{N}\}.\end{eqnarray}$$
Sleep patterns in male juvenile monkeys are influenced by gestational iron deprivation and monoamine oxidase A genotype
Authors: Golub Mari S. , Hogrefe Casey E. 
Published: September 2014

Individual differences in sleep patterns of children may have developmental origins. In the present study, two factors known to influence behavioural development, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype and prenatal Fe-deficient (ID) diet, were examined for their influences on sleep patterns in juvenile rhesus monkeys. Sleep patterns were assessed based on a threshold for inactivity as recorded by activity monitors. Pregnant monkeys were fed diets containing either 100 parts per million (ppm) Fe (Fe sufficient, IS) or 10 ppm Fe (ID). At 3–4 months of age, male offspring were genotyped for polymorphisms of theMAOAgene that lead to high or low transcription. At 1 and 2 years of age, sleep patterns were assessed. Several parameters of sleep architecture changed with age. At 1 year of age, monkeys with the low-MAOA genotype demonstrated a trend towards more sleep episodes at night compared with those with the high-MAOA genotype. When monkeys reached 2 years of age, prenatal ID reversed this trend; ID in the low-MAOA group resulted in sleep fragmentation, more awakenings at night and more sleep episodes during the day when compared with prenatal IS in this genotype. The ability to consolidate sleep during the dark cycle was disrupted by prenatal ID, specifically in monkeys with the low-MAOA genotype.
‘A TWILIGHT SMELLING OF VERGIL’: E. E. CUMMINGS, CLASSICS, AND THE GREAT WAR
Authors: Rosenblitt Alison 
Published: September 2014

The opened door showed a room,about sixteen feet short and four feet narrow,with a heap of straw in the further end. My spirits had been steadily recovering from the banality of their examination; and it was with a genuine and never-to-be-forgotten thrill that I remarked,as I crossed what might have been the threshold : ‘Mais,on est bien ici.’A hideous crash nipped the last word. I had supposed the whole prison to have been utterly destroyed by earthquake,but it was only my door closing....Here, in a passage taken from the novelized version of his own imprisonment in France in 1917, the American modernist poet E. E. Cummings describes the moment of confrontation with the first of his prison cells. He had volunteered for ambulance service in France during the First World War, but his service lasted only a few months before he and his friend William Slater Brown were arrested and incarcerated – wrongfully suspected of espionage – in a brutal French detention camp at La Ferté-Macé.
THE CHOICE OF LAW AGREEMENT AS A REASON FOR EXERCISING JURISDICTION
Authors: Hook Maria 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article examines the effect of choice of law agreements on the courts’ exercise of jurisdiction. In particular, it considers whether English courts ought to exercise jurisdiction to uphold choice of law agreements that would otherwise be defeated in a competing forum. Two reasons have been advanced in support of this approach: that courts should prioritize the choice of law rules of the forum; and that the parties should be held to their agreement on the applicable law. This article argues that neither of these reasons is justifiable in principle.
Approaches to philosophy of religion: contemplating the world or trying to find our way home?
Authors: BURLEY MIKEL 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhat is the point of philosophy of religion? Is it to help us find the right path in life, with the philosopher as guide and mentor? Or is it, as D. Z. Phillips proposes, to contemplate ‘the world in all its variety’, deepening our understanding of multiple perspectives (both religious and non-religious) without trying to appropriate or reject any of them? Recognizing certain shortcomings of the former conception, this article seeks to elucidate the latter and to engage with the critical reception of Phillips's work by other Wittgenstein-influenced philosophers. Towards the end, with reference to Rush Rhees and Wittgenstein, I discuss how giving expression to ‘wonder at what is terrible’ illustrates theethical demandof a contemplative approach, and in conclusion I offer some thoughts on how this approach could usefully be enriched and extended.
Single-support heel-off: a crucial gait event helps realizing agile and energy-efficient bipedal walking
Authors: Alghooneh Mansoor , Wu Christine Q. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYSingle-support heel-off occurs when the heel of the trailing leg has been lifted from the ground around its toe, while the leading leg is still swinging forward. A similar gait event occurs during human walking, and is crucial to achieve a longer step length and a higher walking speed. In this paper, this crucial gait event is studied, specifically in how it influences the agility and the energy efficiency of bipedal walking. Toward this goal, the concept of limit-cycle bipedal walking which possesses natural and energy-efficient gaits is employed. The aforementioned concept is applied to a flat-foot bipedal model which is developed and actuated by a constant hip torque only during the single-support phase to walk on the ground. The impedance of each ankle is adjusted by using two springs, one at the back-side and the other at the front-side, as well as one damper. In comparison with point/round foot bipedal models, the flat-foot bipedal model produces more versatile limit-cycle gaits comprised of a number of gait series, each of which is a sequence detected among twelve gait postures dictated by the kinetics of the unilateral constraints at the heel, toe, or both. As a result of comprehensive simulations, it is concluded that single-support heel-off significantly improves the agility of bipedal walking because of the increase in the step length and the walking speed. Furthermore, even though limit-cycle gaits including single-support heel-off require higher energy input as compared with gaits excluding such an event, single-support heel-off significantly improves the energy efficiency of bipedal walking since the increase in the step length dominates the increase in the energy input.
Stool submission data to help inform population-level incidence rates of enteric disease in a Canadian community
Authors: FRANKLIN K. , POLLARI F. , MARSHALL B. J. , PINTAR K. D. M. , NESBITT A. , YOUNG I. , McEWEN S. A. , VANDERLAAN J. , PAPADOPOULOS A. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYLaboratory-based surveillance data is essential for monitoring trends in the incidence of enteric disease. Current Canadian human enteric surveillance systems report only confirmed cases of human enteric disease and are often unable to capture the number of negative test results. Data from 9116 hospital stool specimens from the Waterloo Region in Canada, with a mixed urban and rural population of about 500 000 were analysed to investigate the use of stool submission data and its role in reporting bias when determining the incidence of enteric disease. The proportion of stool specimens positive forCampylobacterspp. was highest in the 15–29 years age group, and in the 5–14 years age group forSalmonellaspp. andE. coliO157:H7. By contrast, the age-specific incidence rates were highest for all three pathogens in the 0–4 years age group which also had the highest stool submission rate. This suggests that variations in age-specific stool submission rates are influencing current interpretation of surveillance data.
Poverty, household chaos, and interparental aggression predict children's ability to recognize and modulate negative emotions
Authors: Raver C. Cybele , Blair Clancy , Garrett-Peters Patricia ,   Family Life Project Key Investigators
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe following prospective longitudinal study considers the ways that protracted exposure to verbal and physical aggression between parents may take a substantial toll on emotional adjustment for 1,025 children followed from 6 to 58 months of age. Exposure to chronic poverty from infancy to early childhood as well as multiple measures of household chaos were also included as predictors of children's ability to recognize and modulate negative emotions in order to disentangle the role of interparental conflict from the socioeconomic forces that sometimes accompany it. Analyses revealed that exposure to greater levels of interparental conflict, more chaos in the household, and a higher number of years in poverty can be empirically distinguished as key contributors to 58-month-olds' ability to recognize and modulate negative emotion. Implications for models of experiential canalization of emotional processes within the context of adversity are discussed.
A BOUND FOR SIMILARITY CONDITION NUMBERS OF UNBOUNDED OPERATORS WITH HILBERT–SCHMIDT HERMITIAN COMPONENTS
Authors: GIL’ MICHAEL 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLet $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}H$ be a linear unbounded operator in a Hilbert space. It is assumed that the resolvent of $H$ is a compact operator and $H-H^*$ is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator. Various integro-differential operators satisfy these conditions. It is shown that $H$ is similar to a normal operator and a sharp bound for the condition number is suggested. We also discuss applications of that bound to spectrum perturbations and operator functions.
Electronic Resources in Commercial Law Firms: a Review
Authors: Wiggins Samuel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper Samuel Wiggins uses the results of a survey undertaken by the author in 2011 as a way to contemplate both current and future issues for the legal information sector. The survey results act as a point of reflection for four key areas challenging the profession; relationships between lawyers and librarians, changing budgets, the nature of enquiries, and job roles. The article concludes by reminding the reader of the importance of reflection on their work, as well as highlighting areas where law librarians might strengthen their position within their firm.
LIS in City Law Firms: the City Legal Information Group Professional Skills Survey 2013
Authors: Speight Dunstan , Sabbage Lisa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCLIG (City Legal information Group) Committee members Dunstan Speight and Lisa Sabbage report on the findings of the CLIG Professional Skills survey, winter 2013*. Information professional roles have developed in different directions in law firms in recent years and this survey sought to map the range of tasks being carried out by information professionals. It also documented the range of skills within the profession, including skills and experience which law firms might be able to exploit further. The hope is that, by showing the diversity of tasks and skills to be found in LIS departments across the City, the survey might offer individuals ideas and strategies for developing their roles within their own firms.
Effects of Age and Syntactic Complexity on Speech Motor Performance
Authors: Dromey Christopher , Boyce Kelsey , Channell Ron 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
This study investigated the effect of age on articulatory movement and stability in young, middle-age, and older adults. It also examined the potential influence of linguistic complexity on speech motor control across utterances that differed in their length and grammatical complexity.

Method
There were 60 participants in 3 age groups: 20–30 years, 40–50 years, and 60–70 years, with equal numbers of men and women in each group. The speakers produced 10 repetitions of 5 different stimuli—each of which included the same bilabial-loaded phrase in different grammatical contexts—while their lip movements were recorded.

Results
Participants from the 60-year-old group had significantly longer utterance durations, whereas those from the 20-year-old group had the highest jaw spatiotemporal index (STI) values. There were significant differences in the upper lip STI, displacement, and velocity as well as in vocal intensity for the longer, complex conditions compared with the shorter, phrase-only task. Overall, the differences in performance were minimal across grammatical complexity levels that were equal in length.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that speech motor control matures beyond young adulthood and that linguistic complexity in a repetitive task does not appear to have a consistent effect on measures of speech movement.
Ursodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro
Authors: Zhu Lei , Shan Lu Juan , Liu Yue Jian , Chen Dan , Xiao Xiao Guang , Li Yan 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely used to treat chronic liver diseases, and its cytoprotective effect on normal hepatocytes has been shown. This study aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of UDCA on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the underlying molecular events in vitro.MethodsHCC cells were treated by UDCA at different doses and periods of time to assess cell morphology, viability, apoptosis and gene expression using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) stain, transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunocytochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively.ResultsUDCA treatment reduced cell viability but induced HCC cell apoptosis in dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manners. UDCA arrested HepG2 cells at phase S of the cell cycle. At the gene levels, UDCA downregulated Bcl‐2 and second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspase (Smac) protein expressions, but upregulated Bax and Livin proteins in HCC cells. At the highest concentration, UDCA inhibited Livin mRNA expression but increased Smac and caspase‐3 mRNA expressions as well as the activity of caspase‐3 in HCC cells.ConclusionsThe induction of HCC cell apoptosis by UDCA was dose‐dependent and time‐dependent and was mediated by the regulation of Bax to Bcl‐2 ratio, the expressions of Smac and Livin, and caspase‐3 expression and activity.
Ligasure, Harmonic Scalpel versus conventional diathermy in excisional haemorrhoidectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Talha Ahmed , Bessa Samer , Abdel Wahab Moataza 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to compare the surgical outcomes of haemorrhoidectomy performed by the Ligasure, Harmonic Scalpel with that performed by the conventional diathermy.MethodsA total of 180 patients were randomized to Ligasure, Harmonic Scalpel and diathermy haemorrhoidectomy, 60 patients for each group. The operative time, post‐operative pain scores, parenteral analgesic requirements in the first 24 h, post‐operative complications and wound healing rates were documented.ResultsThe median operative time was 8 min (range, 7–18) for the Ligasure and Harmonic Scalpel groups and 18 min (range, 15–21) for the diathermy group (P < 0.001). Throughout the first post‐operative week, the daily median pain score was lower in the Ligasure and Harmonic Scalpel groups than in the diathermy group (P < 0.001). The median number of analgesic ampoules during the first 24 h post‐operatively was lower in the Ligasure and Harmonic Scalpel groups (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of post‐operative complications. At 6 weeks post‐operation, more patients in the Ligasure and Harmonic Scalpel groups had complete healing of wounds (P = 0 < 0.001).ConclusionLigasure and Harmonic Scalpel provide a superior alternative to conventional diathermy in haemorrhoidectomy with no difference between them in reducing the operative time, post‐operative pain, analgesic requirements during the first 24 h and time to complete healing of wounds.
Intra‐individuals and inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of short‐term heart rate variability in adolescents
Authors: Farah Breno Quintella , Lima Aluísio Henrique Rodrigues de Andrade , Cavalcante Bruno Remígio , de Oliveira Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório , Brito Anísio Luiz da Silva , de Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes , Ritti‐Dias Raphael Mendes 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundTo examine the reliability of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in adolescents and to analyse the inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of data analysis.MethodsThe sample included 27 adolescents aged 14–19 years old. RR intervals were obtained for 10 min in the supine position on two different days (Day 1 and Day 8) with an interval of 7 days to analyse intra‐individual reliability. The signals obtained on Day 1 were used to analyse the inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of HRV parameters. The RR intervals, standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD), the percentage of adjacent intervals over 50 ms (PNN50), and low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies were obtained. Frequency‐domain variables were analysed using the autoregressive (AR) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) methods.ResultsThere were no intra‐individuals difference in RR intervals between Day 1 and Day 8 (P>0·05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0·647 to 0·913, whereas the coefficient of variation (CV) was lower than 20% for all parameters, except PNN50 and LF/HF. The inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability ranged from 0·915 to 0·996 and 0·990 to 0·993, respectively. In addition, the CV was lower than 20% (inter‐observer) and 7% (intra‐observer) to all HRV parameters.ConclusionIndicators of reproducibility obtained in this study suggest that HRV can be used in adolescents; however, the analysis of HRV parameters should be performed by the same person.
Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma over 65 yr: more tolerability or better response?
Authors: Tarkun Pinar , Atalay Figen , Atesoglu Elif Birtas , Mehtap Ozgur , Simsek Melih , Terzi Esra , Geduk Ayfer , Balli Fatih , Batman Adnan , Baydemir Canan , Hacihanefioglu Abdullah 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTwo‐thirds of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are over 65 yr and/or physically unfit. Such patients are not eligible for high‐dose chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. The treatment aims in these patients should be to prolong survival by obtaining the best possible response, while maintaining good tolerability. The aim of our study was to evaluate the response to treatment and treatment‐related toxicities in patients treated with conventional and novel protocols.MethodsThe records of 138 elderly (≥65 yr) patients with MM were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThe median overall survival(OS) of the patients was 46 months. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 18 months. The OS and PFS of the patients treated with the conventional protocols did not differ significantly from those treated with the novel protocols. The statistical analysis of the quality of the response to the treatment with the conventional and novel therapies showed that complete remission (CR), combined with a very good partial response (VGPR), was significantly higher in the latter. However, the toxicities were higher in the novel treatment group.ConclusionThe novel drug protocols significantly increased the quality of the responses of elderly patients with MM to therapy, but they did not increase the patients’ tolerability.