bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Time-Averaged Surface Divergence and Vorticity from Satellite Ocean Vector Winds
Authors: O’Neill Larry W. , Haack Tracy , Durland Theodore 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Two methods of computing the time-mean divergence and vorticity from satellite vector winds in rain-free (RF) and all-weather (AW) conditions are investigated. Consequences of removing rain-contaminated winds on the mean divergence and vorticity depend strongly on the order in which the time-average and spatial derivative operations are applied. Taking derivatives first and averages second (DFAS_RF) incorporates only those RF winds measured at the same time into the spatial derivatives. While preferable mathematically, this produces mean fields biased relative to their AW counterparts because of the exclusion of convergence and cyclonic vorticity often associated with rain. Conversely, taking averages first and derivatives second (AFDS_RF) incorporates all RF winds into the time-mean spatial derivatives, even those not measured coincidentally. While questionable, the AFDS_RF divergence and vorticity surprisingly appears qualitatively consistent with the AW means, despite using only RF winds. The analysis addresses whether the AFDS_RF method accurately estimates the AW mean divergence and vorticity.
Model simulations indicate that the critical distinction between these two methods is the inclusion of typically convergent and cyclonic winds bordering rain patches in the AFDS_RF method. While this additional information removes some of the sampling bias in the DFAS_RF method, it is shown that the AFDS_RF method nonetheless provides only marginal estimates of the mean AW divergence and vorticity given sufficient time averaging and spatial smoothing. Use of the AFDS_RF method is thus not recommended.
Evaluation of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) Air Temperature Data Products
Authors: Ji Lei , Senay Gabriel B. , Verdin James P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
There is a high demand for agrohydrologic models to use gridded near-surface air temperature data as the model input for estimating regional and global water budgets and cycles. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) developed by combining simulation models with observations provides a long-term gridded meteorological dataset at the global scale. However, the GLDAS air temperature products have not been comprehensively evaluated, although the accuracy of the products was assessed in limited areas. In this study, the daily 0.25° resolution GLDAS air temperature data are compared with two reference datasets: 1) 1-km-resolution gridded Daymet data (2002 and 2010) for the conterminous United States and 2) global meteorological observations (2000–11) archived from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). The comparison of the GLDAS datasets with the GHCN datasets, including 13 511 weather stations, indicates a fairly high accuracy of the GLDAS data for daily temperature. The quality of the GLDAS air temperature data, however, is not always consistent in different regions of the world; for example, some areas in Africa and South America show relatively low accuracy. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal a high agreement between GLDAS and Daymet daily air temperature datasets, although spatial details in high mountainous areas are not sufficiently estimated by the GLDAS data. The evaluation of the GLDAS data demonstrates that the air temperature estimates are generally accurate, but caution should be taken when the data are used in mountainous areas or places with sparse weather stations.
A prospective randomized trial comparing the clinical effectiveness and biocompatibility of heparin-coated circuits and PMEA-coated circuits in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Itoh Hideshi , Ichiba Shingo , Ujike Yoshihito , Douguchi Takuma , Kasahara Shingo , Arai Sadahiko , Sano Shunji 
Published: July 2015

Object: We compared the clinical effectiveness and biocompatibility of poly-2-methoxyethyl acrylate (PMEA)-coated and heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits in a prospective pediatric trial. Methods: Infants randomly received heparin-coated (n=7) or PMEA-coated (n=7) circuits in elective pediatric cardiac surgery with CPB for ventricular septum defects. Clinical and hematologic variables, respiratory indices and hemodynamic changes were analyzed perioperatively. Results: Demographic and clinical variables were similar in both groups. Leukocyte counts were significantly lower 5 minutes after CPB in the PMEA group than the heparin group. Hemodynamic data showed that PMEA caused hypotension within 5 minutes of CPB. The respiratory index was significantly higher immediately after CPB and 1 hour after transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the PMEA group, as were levels of C-reactive protein 24 hours after transfer to the ICU. Conclusion: Our study shows that PMEA-coated circuits, unlike heparin-coated circuits, cause transient leukopenia during pediatric CPB and, perhaps, systemic inflammatory respiratory syndrome after pediatric CPB.
Short-term outcomes in adult cardiac surgery in the use of del Nido cardioplegia solution
Authors: Ota Takeyoshi , Yerebakan Halit , Neely Robert C , Mongero Linda , George Isaac , Takayama Hiroo , Williams Mathew R , Naka Yoshifumi , Argenziano Michael , Bacha Emile , Smith Craig R , Stewart Allan S 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery has not been studied although it has been in common use as a “single” dose cardioplegia in pediatric heart surgery. We retrospectively assessed the short-term (in-hospital) clinical outcomes of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) using del Nido cardioplegia solution, comparing it to conventional multi-dose whole blood cardioplegia. Methods: We switched our cardioplegia protocol from conventional whole blood cardioplegia exclusively to del Nido solution in May 2011. In 2011, 240 consecutive patients underwent isolated AVR. One hundred and seventy-eight of them were operated on with the use of del Nido cardioplegia (del Nido group) and whole blood cardioplegia (conventional group) was used in the other 62 patients. Isolated AVR was chosen as a cohort because of its relative simplicity and the similarity of surgical techniques among surgeons. Propensity-score matching identified 54 matched pairs for analysis. Results: The retrograde cardioplegia technique was used in 19 cases (35.2%) in the del Nido group and 52 cases (96.3%) in the conventional group (p<0.001). Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time and mean aortic cross-clamp time were significantly shorter in the del Nido group compared to the conventional group: 71 ± 16 min vs. 84 ± 28 min (p<0.01), 52 ± 14 min vs. 60 ± 16 min (p<0.01), respectively. Postoperative inotropic support was required in 11 patients (20.4 %) in the del Nido group and 13 patients (24.1 %) in the conventional group (p=0.82) with no statistical difference. No patient required a postoperative intra-aortic balloon pump and in-hospital mortality was 0% in both groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusions: Short-term outcomes in adult cardiac surgery using del Nido solution were acceptable and comparable to conventional multi-dose whole blood cardioplegia. The del Nido cardioplegia technique was associated with shortened cross-clamp times and less frequent utilization of the retrograde cardioplegia delivery technique.
On the Relationship of Ex-ante and Ex-post Volatility: A Sub-period Analysis of S&P CNX Nifty Index Options
Authors: Shaikh Imlak , Padhi Puja 
Published: July 2015

In this article, the information content of implied volatility is studied at sub-periods (i.e., pre- and post-crises of 2007–09). The main objective is to judge the predictive power of implied volatility in the pre- and post-crises period, using at-the-money (ATM) non-overlapping monthly implied volatilities of Nifty Index options. A simple ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation is used to analyse the information content of implied volatility in sub-periods. An autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) structure is analysed for the assessment of times series property of ex-ante and ex-post volatility. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is adopted to choose the most advantageous forecasting model for predicting the future volatility. The OLS estimation shows that implied volatility is more biased in the pre-crises period. The two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation clearly explains that implied volatility is an unbiased estimate of the future realised volatility. An ARMA (1,1) and ARDL (1,0) is the best model of future volatility estimation. This study explains that for Indian derivative market, volatility estimates based on options are useful for the pricing of derivative instruments and portfolio risk management. JEL Classification: G13, G14, C53
Performance of the Maze Navigation Test in a sample of older New Zealanders
Authors: Ma’u Etuini , Cheung Gary 
Published: July 2015

Objective: It is often difficult to assess the driving performance of people with mild dementia. The Maze Navigation Test (MNT) was developed in the USA and has been shown to predict driving performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the MNT is performed against three commonly used bedside cognitive screening tools and compare our findings with the US population. Methods: A convenience sample of 42 cognitively intact older people (age ≥65) completed the MNT, Mini-Mental State Examination, the revised Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination and the Trail Making Tests. Results: The mean MNT completion time was 307.6 (SD=85.6) and 444.5 (SD=157.3) for the 65–74 years and 75–84 years age group, respectively. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were strongest with the Trail Making Test Part B ( r=0.602). Conclusions: The findings of this study were comparable with the initial US data. The MNT is an easy-to-administer bedside cognitive screening tool. Further validation studies using the MNT and driving performance are warranted.
Length of optic nerve double inversion recovery hypersignal is associated with retinal axonal loss
Authors: Hadhoum N , Hodel J , Defoort-Dhellemmes S , Duhamel A , Drumez E , Zéphir H , Pruvo JP , Leclerc X , Vermersch P , Outteryck O 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: To assess the association between optic nerve double inversion recovery (DIR) hypersignal length and retinal axonal loss in neuroinflammatory diseases affecting optic nerves. Methods: We recruited patients previously affected (> 6 months) by a clinical episode of optic neuritis (ON). We had 25 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, eight neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients and two patients suffering from idiopathic caused ON undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); including a 3-dimensional (3D) DIR sequence, optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and visual disability evaluation. Evaluation criteria were retinal thickness/volume, optic nerve DIR hypersignal length and high/low contrast vision acuity. Results: In the whole cohort, we found good associations (< 0.0001) between optic nerve DIR hypersignal length, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, inner macular layers volumes, and visual disability. We found subclinical radiological optic nerve involvement in 38.5% of non-ON MS eyes. Conclusions: Optic nerve DIR hypersignal length may be a biomarker for retinal axonal loss, easily applicable in routine and research on new anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective drug evaluation. Detection of subclinical ON with 3D-DIR in a non-negligible proportion of MS patients argues in favor of optic nerve imaging in future OCT MS studies, in order to achieve a better understanding of retinal axonal loss in non-ON eyes.
Pulse train ignition with passively Q-switched laser spark plugs
Authors: Lorenz Sebastian , Bärwinkel Mark , Stäglich Robert , Mühlbauer Wolfgang , Brüggemann Dieter 
Published: July 2015

Leaner burning and downsizing are two concepts pursued by engine developers to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Both approaches lead to increasing challenges concerning ignition, as these concepts are typically associated with an increase in flow velocity and degree of turbulence as well as raised pressure at the moment of ignition. In this context, the use of miniaturized passively Q-switched laser spark plugs with pulse train ignition is considered as a promising alternative to conventional spark plugs. However, the application of these passively Q-switched laser spark plugs inevitably leads to the question of optimum pulse train parameters. For a better understanding, this study deals with improved flame formation by passively Q-switched laser pulse train ignition under engine-like conditions. The entire ignition process is investigated with a special focus on interactions of consecutive pulses. Therefore, three methods are combined: energy transfer measurements from laser pulse to plasma with high temporal and spatial resolution show the breakdown process depending on different pressures and fluid mixtures. The temperature decrease in the induced plasma is analyzed with measurement strategies for temporal high-resolved plasma spectroscopy especially adapted to passively Q-switched lasers. In combination with high-speed schlieren measurements, the changing local ignition conditions during pulse train ignition are demonstrated. The experiments show how consecutive pulses interact and contribute to the ignition in case of a gas flow. The used prototypes of laser spark plugs are provided by Robert Bosch GmbH.
Implantation of a denaturated cellulose adhesion barrier after plate osteosynthesis of finger proximal phalangeal fractures: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kappos E. A. , Esenwein P. , Meoli M. , Meier R. , Grünert J. 
Published: July 2015

Adhesions after osteosynthesis of finger proximal phalangeal fractures often cause stiffness. To minimize adhesions, the use of an adhesion barrier has been proposed. The results until now have not been convincing. The aim of this prospective randomized trial was to evaluate the use of an adhesion barrier. The trial included any isolated, closed proximal phalangeal fracture needing plate osteosynthesis. The patients were randomized into two groups: with or without application of the adhesion barrier. The outcomes we measured were finger ranges of motion and DASH score at 6 weeks and 6 months post-operatively. A total of 42 patients (42 fingers) entered the study; 37 completed the study. The key baseline characterisitcs were comparable. At 6 weeks there was a trend favouring the adhesion barrier that disappeared at 6 months. Overall the results do not support the use of this device. Level of evidence: II.
The effect of long-term ruxolitinib treatment on JAK2p.V617F allele burden in patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Deininger Michael , Radich Jerald , Burn Timothy C. , Huber Reid , Paranagama Dilan , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: July 2015

Key Points
The JAK2p.V617F mutation leads to constitutive activation of JAK2 and contributes to dysregulated JAK signaling in myelofibrosis. Long-term ruxolitinib treatment decreased JAK2p.V617F allele burden, with some patients achieving complete or partial molecular remissions.
Paclitaxel Given Once Per Week With or Without Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Angiosarcoma: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Ray-Coquard Isabelle L. , Domont Julien , Tresch-Bruneel Emmanuelle , Bompas Emmanuelle , Cassier Philippe A. , Mir Olivier , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Italiano Antoine , Chevreau Christine , Cupissol Didier , Bertucci François , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Collard Olivier , Saada-Bouzid Esma , Isambert Nicolas , Delcambre Corinne , Clisant Stéphanie , Le Cesne Axel , Blay Jean-Yves , Penel Nicolas 
Published: July 2015

Purpose The aim of this randomized, phase II trial was to explore the activity and safety of adding bevacizumab to paclitaxel once per week in treatment of angiosarcomas (AS). Methods Patients were treated with paclitaxel alone (90 mg/m2 per week for six cycles of 28 days each; arm A) or with paclitaxel combined with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks; arm B). In the combination treatment arm, bevacizumab was administered after the six cycles of chemotherapy as maintenance therapy (15 mg/kg once every 3 weeks) until intolerance or progression occurred. Stratification factors were superficial versus visceral AS and de novo versus radiation-induced AS. The primary end point was the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate, which was based on RECIST, version 1.1. Statistical assumptions were P0 = 20%, P1 = 40%, a = 10%, and b = 20%. P0 was the PFS rate at 6 months defining inactive drug, and P1 was the PFS rate at 6 months defining promising drug. Results A total of 52 patients were enrolled, and 50 were randomly assigned in 14 centers. The most common primary sites were the breast (49%) and skin (12%). There were 17 (34%) visceral and 24 (49%) radiation-induced AS. The performance status was 0 in 24 patients (49%) and 1 in the remaining 25 patients (51%). The median follow-up time was 14.5 months. Both treatment regimens were considered active, with 6-month PFS rates of 54% (14 of 26) in arm A and 57% (14 of 24) in arm B. The median overall survival rates were 19.5 months in arm A and 15.9 months in arm B. Toxicity was higher with the combination arm and included one fatal drug-related toxicity (intestinal occlusion). Conclusion The primary objective was met in both treatment arms. However, the present data do not support additional clinical investigation of combined paclitaxel/bevacizumab for the treatment of advanced AS.
Dexmedetomidine Pharmacology in Neonates and Infants After Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Su Felice , Gastonguay Marc R. , Nicolson Susan C. , DiLiberto MaryAnn , Ocampo-Pelland Alanna , Zuppa Athena F. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-agonist with hypnotic, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties. Despite off-label administration, dexmedetomidine has found a niche in critically ill neonates and infants with congenital heart disease because of its minimal effects on respiratory function at sedative doses, facilitating early extubation and fast-track postoperative care. There are little pharmacokinetic data regarding newborns who have immature drug metabolizing capacity and who are at risk for reduced dexmedetomidine clearance and drug toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in neonates and infants after open heart surgery. This study included 23 evaluable neonates (age, 1 day–1 month) and 36 evaluable infants (age, 1 month–24 months) after open heart surgery.

METHODS:
Full-term neonates and infants requiring mechanical ventilation after open heart surgery received dexmedetomidine in a dose-escalation study. Dexmedetomidine was administered as a loading dose over 10 minutes followed by a continuous IV infusion up to 24 hours. Cohorts of 12 infants were enrolled sequentially to receive 0.35, 0.7, or 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine followed by 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine, respectively. Cohorts of 9 neonates received 0.25, 0.35, or 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine followed by 0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine, respectively. Plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. A population nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach was used to characterize dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics.

RESULTS:
Pharmacokinetic parameters of dexmedetomidine were estimated using a 2-compartment disposition model with weight allometrically scaled as a covariate on drug clearance, intercompartmental clearance, central and peripheral volume of distributions and age, total bypass time, and intracardiac shunting on clearance. Dexmedetomidine demonstrated a plasma drug clearance of 657 × (weight/70)0.75 mL/min, intercompartmental clearance of 6780 × (weight/70)0.75 mL/min, central volume of distribution of 88 × (weight/70) L and peripheral volume of distribution of 112 × (weight/70) L for a typical subject with age >1 month with a cardiopulmonary bypass time of 60 minutes and without right-to-left intracardiac shunt. Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics may be influenced by age during the neonatal period, weight, total bypass time, and presence of intracardiac shunt.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dexmedetomidine clearance is significantly diminished in full-term newborns and increases rapidly in the first few weeks of life. The dependence of clearance on age during the first few weeks of life reflects the relative immaturity of metabolic processes during the newborn period. Continuous infusions of up to 0.3 μg/kg/h in neonates and 0.75 μg/kg/h in infants were well tolerated after open heart surgery.
One photo, two stories: Chinese photos in British museums
Authors: Liao Min-Hsiu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore how translations function as an integral part of museum exhibitions. Specifically, this study argues that translators of museum texts and visitors who make use of them in museum exhibitions can actively engage in forming different interpretations of the exhibitions themselves. In both museum and translation studies, the producers and receivers of translations tend to be viewed as additions to the monolingual communication in the source language of the museum. Therefore, analyses of translations tend to search for potential errors by using the source text as the yardstick by which to measure how much the translations have deviated from the original and how much potential damage may have been caused to the interpretation as a result. This article draws on Clifford’s (1997) conception of museums as ‘contact zones’, through which objects stimulate ongoing dialogues rather than the site of their display being a final destination in itself. It further extends Clifford’s concept to include the multilingual museum exhibition. From this perspective, I explore how the different voices of object makers, source- and target-text writers and visitors take place in the museum and interact or exist in dialogue with each other.
Dubbing Death Note: Framing the authentic text
Authors: Wroot Jonathan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This case study stems from an article written in 2005 by Laurie Cubbison, titled ‘Anime fans, DVDs, and the authentic text’. In her research, she states that English-speaking fans of Japanese animation (anime) pressured distributors to use the DVD medium to its full potential. This meant providing the choice of viewing anime with either a dubbed soundtrack or subtitles. However, this has not lessened the influence of distribution companies that affect how anime is viewed outside of Japan. This article will focus on this influence by looking at the extra features on anime DVDs, specifically using the English-language release of the Death Note TV series (Araki, Nippon Television Network, 2006–07) as a case study. Very few of the series’s DVD special features refer explicitly to the Japanese origins of the story. Interviews and making-ofs are included, as is the case with many DVDs of audio-visual media. But the Death Note series’s extras mostly illustrate the work of the cast and crew that recorded the dubbed English-language soundtrack. Applying approaches and concepts specific to the analysis of DVD special features means the intentions behind these decisions can be thoroughly explored. The extras for the Death Note series do not just provide an intriguing insight into the voice-recording process (for the TV series, as well as the media industry in general). They encourage viewers to see the value and work behind the dubbed version, meaning that the distributors are not just providing viewing-option choices for the anime. They are providing a frame which indirectly suggests how a media text should be viewed. The evidence presented in this case study will demonstrate how such frames, concerning dubbed translation within DVD media, can be used by the discs’ distributors.