bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation analysis of a public key infrastructure‐enabled security framework for ZigBee sensor networks
Authors: Misra Sudip , Goswami Sumit , Taneja Chaynika , Mukherjee Anandarup 
Published: November 2014

SummaryZigBee is a wireless network technology suitable for applications requiring lower bandwidth, low energy consumption and small packet size. Security has been one of the challenges in ZigBee networks. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) provides a binding of entities with public keys through a Certifying Authority (CA). Public key cryptography using public–private key pairs can be used for ensuring secure transmission in a network. But large size of public and private keys and memory limitations in ZigBee devices pose a problem for using PKI to secure communication in ZigBee networks. In this paper, we propose a PKI enabled secure communication schema for ZigBee networks. Limited memory and power constraints of end devices restrict them from storing public keys of all other devices in the network. Large keys cannot be communicated due to limited power of the nodes and small transmission packet size. The proposed schema addresses these limitations. We propose two algorithms for sending and receiving the messages. The protocols for intercommunication between the network entities are also presented. Minor changes have been introduced in the capabilities of devices used in the ZigBee networks to suit our proposed scheme. Network adaptations depending on different scenarios are discussed. The approach adopted in this paper is to alter the communication flow so as to necessitate minimum memory and computational requirements at the resource starved end points. In the proposed PKI implementation, end devices store the public keys of only the coordinator which in turn holds public keys of all devices in the network. All communication in our scheme is through the coordinator, which in the event of failure is re‐elected through an election mechanism. The performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated using a protocol analyzer in home automation and messenger applications. Results indicate that depending on the type of application, only a marginal increase in latency of 2 to 5 ms is introduced for the added security. Layer wise traffic and packets captured between devices were analyzed. Channel utilization, message length distribution and message types were also evaluated. The proposed protocol's performance was found to be satisfactory on the two tested applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of maternal deprivation and the duration of reunion time on rat pup ultrasonic vocalization responses to isolation: Possible implications for human infant studies
Authors: Shair Harry N. , Rupert Deborah D. , Rosko Lauren M. , Hofer Myron A. , Myers Michael M. , Welch Martha G. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn a paradigm that may serve as a translational model for maternal separation experiences of human infants in neonatal intensive care units, we examined how the duration of reunion with the dam influenced the phenomenon of maternal potentiation of ultrasonic vocalizations, in which isolated rat pups increase rates of vocalization following brief interactions with dams. We report that maternal potentiation in 12–13 day‐old rats did not occur after reunions with their anesthetized dam that lasted longer than 15–min. However, after 18 hr maternal separation, isolated pups given reunions with their anesthetized dam increased vocalization rate even with reunions as long as 3 hr. Using a split‐cage apparatus that prevented physical contact, the impact of 18 hr separations on maternal potentiation was partially offset by experiencing olfactory and/or auditory stimuli of the mother. These results suggest that maintaining partial maternal sensory exposure during prolonged maternal separation can reduce responses elicited by subsequent maternal separation. © 2014Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 63–72, 2015.
Association of polymorphisms in IL6 gene promoter region with type 1 diabetes and increased albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio
Authors: Ururahy Marcela Abbott Galvão , de Souza Karla Simone Costa , Oliveira Yonara Monique da Costa , Loureiro Melina Bezerra , da Silva Heglayne Pereira Vital , Freire‐Neto Francisco Paulo , Bezerra João Felipe , Luchessi André Ducati , Doi Sonia Quateli , Hirata Rosario Dominguez Crespo , Almeida Maria das Graças , Arrais Ricardo Fernando , Hirata Mario Hiroyuki , de Rezende Adriana Augusto 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundPro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), have been considered as key factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diabetic nephropathy, thus, our aim was to investigate the association of IL6‐174G>C (rs1800795) and ‐634C>G (rs1800796) polymorphisms with T1DM susceptibility and diabetic nephropathy.MethodsThese polymorphisms were analyzed in 144 children and adolescents with T1DM and 173 normoglycemic control subjects. Glycemic control, laboratory parameters of kidney function and serum lipids were evaluated. By studying only T1DM patients, we evaluated the polymorphisms associated with relevant biochemical parameters in various genetic models.ResultsType 1 diabetes mellitus patients showed poor glycemic control and albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, total cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol levels increased when compared with normoglycemic subjects (p < 0.001, p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). IL6‐174C allele was associated with an increased risk of developing T1DM (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.01‐2.31, p = 0.044). In the T1DM group, IL6‐174CC carriers showed higher concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.029), albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (p = 0.021), total cholesterol (p = 0.010), and LDL‐cholesterol (p = 0.002), when compared with GG+GC carriers. No association was found for the IL6‐634C>G polymorphism.ConclusionsThese results suggest that IL6‐174G>C may contribute to T1DM and increased albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio as well as to poor glycemic control and hyperlipidemia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced plant competition among kin can be explained by Jensen's inequality
Authors: Simonsen Anna K. , Chow Theresa , Stinchcombe John R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPlants often compete with closely related individuals due to limited dispersal, leading to two commonly invoked predictions on competitive outcomes. Kin selection, from evolutionary theory, predicts that competition between relatives will likely be weaker. The niche partitioning hypothesis, from ecological theory, predicts that competition between close relatives will likely be stronger. We tested for evidence consistent with either of these predictions by growing an annual legume in kin and nonkin groups in the greenhouse. We grew plant groups in treatments of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria differing in strain identity and composition to determine if differences in the microbial environment can facilitate or obscure plant competition patterns consistent with kin selection or niche partitioning. Nonkin groups had lower fitness than expected, based on fitness estimates of the same genotypes grown among kin. Higher fitness among kin groups was observed in mixtures of N‐fixing bacteria strains compared to single inoculations of bacteria strains present in the soil, which increased fitness differences between kin and nonkin groups. Lower fitness in nonkin groups was likely caused by increased competitive asymmetry in nonkin groups due to genetic differences in plant size combined with saturating relationships with plant size and fitness‐ i.e. Jensen's inequality. Our study suggests that microbial soil symbionts alter competitive dynamics among kin and nonkin. Our study also suggests that kin groups can have higher fitness, as predicted by kin selection theory, through a commonly heritable trait (plant size), without requiring kin recognition mechanisms.
Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillator versus cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker on mortality in heart failure patients: results of a high‐volume, single‐centre experience
Authors: Kutyifa Valentina , Geller Laszlo , Bogyi Peter , Zima Endre , Aktas Mehmet K. , Ozcan Emin Evren , Becker David , Nagy Vivien Klaudia , Kosztin Annamaria , Szilagyi Szabolcs , Merkely Bela 
Published: November 2014

AimsThere are limited and contradictory data on the effects of CRT with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (CRT‐D) on mortality as compared with CRT with pacemaker (CRT‐P).Methods and resultsWe evaluated the long‐term outcome of patients implanted with a CRT‐D or CRT‐P device in our high‐volume single‐centre experience. Data on all‐cause mortality were derived from clinic visits and the Hungarian National Healthcare Fund Death Registry. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate all‐cause mortality in patients with CRT‐D vs. CRT‐P, stratified by the aetiology of cardiomyopathy. From 2000 to 2011, 1122 CRT devices, 693 CRT‐P (LVEF 28.2 ± 7.4%) and 429 CRT‐D (LVEF 27.6 ± 6.4%), were implanted at our centre. During the median follow‐up of 28 months, 379 patients died from any cause, 250 patients (36%) with an implanted CRT‐P and 129 patients (30%) with an implanted CRT‐D. There was no evidence of mortality benefit in patients implanted with a CRT‐D compared with a CRT‐P in the total cohort [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–1.32, P = 0.884]. In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, CRT‐D treatment was associated with a significant 30% risk reduction in all‐cause mortality compared with an implanted CRT‐P (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.97, P = 0.03). In non‐ischaemic patients, there was no mortality benefit of CRT‐D over CRT‐P (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.73–1.32, P = 0.894, interaction P‐value = 0.15).ConclusionsIn heart failure patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, CRT‐D was associated with a mortality benefit compared with CRT‐P, but no benefit of CRT‐D over CRT‐P in mortality was observed in non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Low Activation Barriers in N2 Reduction with H2 at Ruthenium Pincer Complexes Induced by Ligand Cooperativity: A Computational Study
Authors: Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe catalytic reduction of dinitrogen (N2) with dihydrogen (H2) was investigated by means of DFT calculations [MN12‐L/def2‐TZVP(ECP)] using ruthenium pincer complexes of the general formula [Ru{4,6‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphanyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan}(H)(X)] (X = H, Me, iPr, Br, I). One tBu group of one of the two phosphorus atoms was augmented with a CH2BH2 group to introduce a borane moiety that is needed for the cooperative stabilization of intermediates and transition states. By optimizing a representative amount of local minima and transition states, it was possible to identify closed catalytic cycles that show surprisingly low activation barriers. As an example, for X = Me after reoptimization in the solvent phase (toluene), transition states with a maximum height in the energy profile of only 36.2 kcal mol–1 were obtained and with the largest single barrier of 29.2 kcal mol–1! It was also observed that the stabilities of amide complexes, which occur late in the catalytic cycle, are very pronounced. Accordingly, they contribute to the overall energy span (ES) in an unfavourable way. However, despite this fact, the calculated ES in the solvent phase for X = I amounts to only 48.4 kcal mol–1 and indicates clearly that the computationally guided design process of the catalyst is a suitable approach to identify elements of a catalyst structure that enables hydrogen‐transfer processes with comparatively low barriers.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Gold(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with Long Aliphatic Side Chains
Authors: Arcau Julià , Andermark Vincent , Rodrigues Mafalda , Giannicchi Ilaria , Pérez‐Garcia Lluïsa , Ott Ingo , Rodríguez Laura 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeven imidazolium salts have been synthesized from octadecylimidazole (Im18). These salts differ in the length of the alkyl chain length bound to the second nitrogen atom of the imidazolium ring [R = Me, Et, iPr, Pr, Bu, decyl (Dec), octadecyl] and were used as synthetic precursors to obtain two series of gold(I) carbene complexes (AuNHC). The first series contains one labile ligand at the second coordinative position {monocarbene, [AuCl(NHC)]}, and the second one comprises dicarbene complexes. Their biological activity has been evaluated with respect to two different cell lines, and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition has also been evaluated for selected examples. Distinct effects have been observed for the imidazolium salts and monocarbene derivatives.
Will mercury impurities impact CO2 injectivity in deep sedimentary formations? I. Condensation and net porosity reduction
Authors: Oldenburg Curtis M. , Spycher Nicolas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMercury is a common contaminant in natural gas and partially follows carbon dioxide through amine separation during natural gas processing. In this study, we used simple volumetric analyses, the simulator TOUGH2/EOS7C, and dew‐point calculations to investigate the potential impacts on injectivity of trace amounts of mercury in a carbon dioxide stream injected for geologic carbon dioxide sequestration. For mercury concentrations up to 190 ppbV (∼1.6 mg/stdm3 CO2), the total volumetric pore‐space plugging that could occur around the wellbore due to complete condensation of mercury, or due to complete precipitation of mercury as cinnabar, results in a very small porosity change. Evaporative concentration of aqueous mercury by water evaporation into carbon dioxide is unlikely because the volatility of mercury into the carbon dioxide stream is higher than that of water. Dew‐point calculations suggest that mercury concentrations of about 2000 ppbV are needed for mercury condensation to occur. Our analyses suggest that for mercury concentrations of a few hundred ppbV, the impacts on injectivity of mercury deposition by condensation or precipitation as cinnabar are negligible.
Physicochemical analysis of structural alteration and advanced glycation end products generation during glycation of H2A histone by 3‐deoxyglucosone
Authors: Ashraf Jalaluddin M. , Ahmad Saheem , Rabbani Gulam , Jan Arif Tasleem , Lee Eun Ju , Khan Rizwan Hasan , Choi Inho 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAdvanced glycation end‐products comprise a complex and heterogeneous group of compounds that have been implicated in diabetes‐related complications. The importance of the Maillard reaction is depicted by the formation of reactive intermediate products known as α‐oxoaldehydes, such as 3‐deoxyglucosone (3‐DG). This product has been found to be involved in accelerated vascular damage in diabetes. In the present study, calf thymus histone H2A was reacted with 3‐DG, and the generation of advanced glycation end products was investigated by determining the degree of side chain modifications (lysine and arginine residues), Amadori products, carbonyl content, Nε‐carboxymethyl lysine, and pentosidine using various physicochemical techniques. Moreover, fluorescence, absorbance as well as structural characteristics of glycated‐H2A were comprehensively investigated. Overall, this study demonstrates structural perturbation, formation of different intermediates, and AGEs that are believed to hamper the normal functioning of H2A histone, compromising the integrity of chromatin structures and function in secondary complications of diabetes. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):686–693, 2014
Fragmented Red Cell as a Possible Favorable Prognostic Marker of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Jekarl Dong Wook , Kim Yonggoo , Lim Jihyang , Kim Myungshin , Han Kyungja , Cho Bin , Kim Hak‐Ki , Min Woo‐Sung , Min Chang‐Ki 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundFragmented red cell (FRC) by automated hematologic analyzer is known to detect schistocyte. In this study, it is noted that FRC might be a favorable prognostic marker of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA).MethodsThe peripheral blood samples and clinical data of 89 patients were collected. The diagnosis of TA‐TMA was defined by the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network's criteria and schistocyte or both schistocyte‐ and FRC‐positive cases and other parameters fulfilled are regarded as TA‐TMA.ResultsSchistocyte and FRC displayed a correlation coefficient of 0.461 (P < 0.001) by Spearman's method. The diagnostic concordance of TA‐TMA using schistocyte and FRC was 92.1% with kappa index of 0.531 (P < 0.001). The number of diagnosed patients and mean survival month were as follows: TA‐TMA by schistocyte, 8 (8.9%), 13.5 month; TA‐TMA by schistocyte and FRC, 7 (7.8%), 40.4 month; No TMA, 74 (83.1%), 38.3 month, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis by log‐rank method of the patient with TA‐TMA by schistocyte and rest of the group showed statistical significance (P < 0.01).ConclusionAs evidenced by the data, FRC might be a favorable prognostic marker for TA‐TMA, but additional studies with larger patients groups are required for validation of clinical applications.
A case report of transverse testicular ectopia with testicular microlithiasis
Authors: Lam Qiqi , Miles Gemma , Marsdin Emma , McInerney Paul , Freeman Simon 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTransverse testicular ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly in which both testes migrate along the same inguinal canal toward the scrotum. This report describes the case of the rarest form of transverse testicular ectopia in a 23‐year‐old man with coexisting testicular microlithiasis in one of the two testes as diagnosed on sonography and confirmed on MRI. We are unaware of any previous published reports of this association. Although the etiology of both conditions is debatable, each is believed to be associated with an increased risk of testicular malignancy, and this poses a dilemma for the future management of this patient. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:520–523 2015
Does the thermal plasticity of metabolic enzymes underlie thermal compensation of locomotor performance in the eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)?
Authors: Mineo Patrick M. , Schaeffer Paul J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTEastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) upregulate the metabolic capacity of skeletal muscle in winter to compensate for thermodynamic effects on metabolism. However, whether this compensation facilitates locomotor performance at low temperature is unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine if thermal acclimation of metabolic enzymes in muscle benefits locomotion. Eastern newts from southern Ohio were acclimated to cold (5°C, 10:14 L:D) or warm (25°C, 14:10 L:D) conditions for 12 weeks. Following acclimation, we measured the locomotor performance (burst speed and time until exhaustion) and the activities of metabolic enzymes in skeletal muscle at 5–30°C. Creatine kinase (CK) activity in skeletal muscle was higher in cold compared to warm‐acclimated newts, and cold‐acclimated newts had a higher burst speed at low temperature compared to warm‐acclimated newts. At low temperature, time until exhaustion was higher in cold compared to warm‐acclimated newts, but the activities of citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in muscle were lower in cold compared to warm‐acclimated newts. Together, these results demonstrate that eastern newts compensate for the effects of low temperature on locomotor performance. Whereas thermal compensation of CK activity is correlated with burst locomotion at low temperature, aerobic enzymes in skeletal muscle (CS and CCO) are not linked to compensation of sustained locomotion.J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 52–59, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Explaining Zambian Poverty: A History of (Nonagriculture) Economic Policy Since Independence
Authors: Whitworth Alan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDespite abundant resources, Zambia has some of the worst poverty in Africa. Much of the 1960s copper boom was wasted on an extraordinary expansion of the role of the state and attempting to industrialise. Public service wages and subsidies were no longer affordable once copper prices and tax collapsed in the mid‐1970s. Choosing to borrow rather than cut expenditure, fiscal deficits and debt became unsustainable as prices continued falling. Expenditure on basic services collapsed. The 1990s reforms stemmed the fiscal haemorrhage. Privatisation of the mines triggered a period of sustained rapid growth, boosted by rebounding copper prices. Along with debt relief, this brought macrostability and significant fiscal space. Although expenditure on basic services increased, much of the proceeds of the second copper boom were again wasted on uneconomic roads, agriculture subsidies and public service wages. Poverty reduction was limited to the urban population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal rainfall totals of Australian stations can be modelled with distributions from the Tweedie family
Authors: Hasan Md Masud , Dunn Peter K. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTheoretical probability distributions of seasonal rainfall totals have potential applications in fitting models and generating synthetic data. One of the major challenges in fitting distributions for seasonal rainfall from countries like Australia is that the data differ significantly for various seasons across stations. The wet stations may possess strictly positive rainfall amounts only, whereas dry stations may observe seasons with no rainfall. Furthermore the data ranges from approximately symmetric to highly skewed. We explore fitting distributions from the Tweedie family of distributions to model seasonal rainfall. The Tweedie family of distributions includes continuous‐symmetric (normal), continuous‐skewed (gamma) and mixture‐type (Poisson–gamma, P–G) distributions. This study analysed seasonal rainfall totals from 989 Australian stations with data for about 100 years. For various seasons, within the Tweedie family the P–G distributions were optimal for about 50% of stations, the gamma distributions were near‐optimal for approximately 40% and the normal distributions were near‐optimal elsewhere. Most of the stations where the gamma distributions are near‐optimal are concentrated on the Australian coastline. The quantile–quantile (QQ) plots indicate that the models fit well to the seasonal rainfall totals of selected stations. Almost everywhere, various statistics of observed seasonal rainfall are within the empirical 95% confidence intervals of the respective statistics of simulated data using the Tweedie models. The model performs better in modelling extremely high rainfall events (95th percentiles) than the extremely low (5th percentiles) rainfall events. In addition, the P–G distribution within the Tweedie family models the probability of no rainfall and, for about 97% of stations, the observed probability of no rainfall is within the 95% confidence interval of the simulated probability of no rainfall. The ability of the Tweedie models to simulate the extreme rainfall amounts and the probability of no rainfall can be useful in drought monitoring and in water resources planning and management.