bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of Biodiesel Precursors: Sulfonic Acid Catalysts for Condensation of Biomass‐Derived Platform Molecules
Authors: Balakrishnan Madhesan , Sacia Eric R. , Bell Alexis T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Front Cover highlights the work of Prof. Alexis T. Bell and co‐workers at the University of California at Berkeley. The Cover picture shows the value of using silica‐supported alkyl sulfonic acid catalysts for the sustainable production of diesel fuel from biomass. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201300931
C3‐Symmetrical Cyano‐Substituted Triphenylbenzenes for Organogels and Organic Nanoparticles with Controllable Fluorescence and Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Simalou Oudjaniyobi , Lu Ran , Xue Pengchong , Gong Peng , Zhang Tierui 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFluorescent organic molecules with C3‐symmetry consisting of tris{2‐cyano‐2‐[4‐(dodecyloxybenzoylamino)phenyl]‐1‐ethenyl}phenylbenzene (CN‐DBAPPBn, n = 1, 2, 3) were synthesized. It was observed that these compounds can spontaneously self‐assemble into organogels in many organic solvents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy images of the air‐dried gels showed the presence of either heavily entangled amorphous or fibrous structures, or rods. FTIR, UV/Vis absorption, excitation and emission spectra suggest that π–π interactions and H‐bonding are the driving forces for the formation of the gel phases. Moreover, spherical or cubic fluorescent nanoparticles based on CN‐DBAPPBn were prepared by using a reprecipitation method in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water. It is interesting that aggregation‐induced emission behavior of CN‐DBAPPBn was detected in both the gel phase and in the nanoparticle suspensions. The fluorescent molecular aggregates of CN‐DBAPPBn with different architectures and emission properties fabricated by using these self‐assembling methods could find potential applications in sensors and optoelectronic devices.
Preparation and odour properties of the four stereoisomers of 2‐hexyl‐4‐acetoxytetrahydrofuran
Authors: Zhang Guoying , Gong Xiuqin , Yang Shaoxiang , Sun Baoguo , Liu Yongguo , Tian Hongyu 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe four stereoisomers of 2‐hexyl‐4‐acetoxytetrahydrofuran were prepared starting from (R)‐ or (S)‐1‐decen‐4‐ol (>96% ee). They were obtained by kinetic resolution of racemic homoallylic alcohol catalysed by Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica). (R)‐ or (S)‐1‐Decen‐4‐ol proceeded Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) using AD‐mix‐α or β as an oxidant followed by ring closure to afford cis‐2‐hexyl‐4‐hydroxytetrahydrofuran as the major product with 50–60% de. The diastereomers were separated by derivatization to the corresponding p‐nitrobenzoates, and the ee values of cis‐isomers were determined by chiral HPLC to be >96%. A pair of enantiomers of cis‐2‐hexyl‐4‐hydroxytetrahydrofuran was produced by hydrolysis of the corresponding p‐nitrobenzoate, respectively. The four stereoisomers of 2‐hexyl‐4‐acetoxytetrahydrofuran were obtained with >95% ee values from (2S,4R)‐ or (2R,4S)‐ cis‐2‐hexyl‐4‐hydroxytetrahydrofuran by direct acylation with acetic anhydride or Mitsunobu reaction with acetic acid in the presence of Ph3P and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate. The four stereoisomers presented very distinct differences in both feature and intensity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor and human papillomavirus in patients with oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Fumihiko , Fujimaki Mitsuhisa , Ohba Shinichi , Kojima Masataka , Yokoyama Junkichi , Ikeda Katsuhisa 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with better prognosis than HPV‐negative oropharyngeal SCC. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) in patients with oropharyngeal SCC, its relationship to HPV status and various clinical parameters, and its relationship with clinical outcome.MethodsThe study subjects were 59 patients with oropharyngeal SCC. IGF‐1R expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues. HPV status was evaluated by in situ hybridization (ISH) in the same tissues.ResultsIGF‐1R did not correlate with clinical parameters, but IGF‐1R expression was more common in HPV‐negative tumors than in HPV‐positive tumors. The prognosis was poorer in patients of the IGF‐1R‐positive group than in the IGF‐1R‐negative group.ConclusionThe results suggested that IGF‐1R expression in oropharyngeal SCC correlated with poor prognosis in HPV‐negative patients. Treatment targeting IGF‐1R could potentially improve the survival of patients with HPV‐negative oropharyngeal SCC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 977–981, 2015
Assessing Parentification in South American College Students: A Factor Analytic Study of a Spanish Version of the Parentification Inventory
Authors: Hooper Lisa M. 
Published: April 2014

The Parentification Inventory (PI; Hooper,) was developed to retrospectively assess various levels of parentification (whereby children take on caregiving and parental roles, responsibilities, and relationships reserved for adults). This study examined the underlying factor structure of the first Spanish version of the PI with a sample of 231 South American Latina/o college students. The results showed sound internal consistency and supported an 18‐item, 3‐component solution. Implications for culturally tailored research and practice are discussed.El Inventario de Parentificación (PI, por sus siglas en inglés; Hooper,) fue desarrollado para evaluar retrospectivamente varios niveles de parentificación (el proceso mediante el cual los niños adoptan roles, responsabilidades y relaciones paternales y de cuidadores, normalmente reservadas para adultos). Este estudio examinó la estructura de factores subyacentes de la primera versión en español del PI con una muestra de 231 estudiantes universitarios sudamericanos/latinos de ambos sexos. Los resultados mostraron una firme consistencia interna y afirmaron una solución de 18 elementos en 3 componentes. Se discuten las implicaciones para investigaciones y prácticas culturalmente adaptadas.
Enhanced adsorption capacity and selectivity towards molybdenum in wastewater by a persimmon tannin waste based new adsorbent
Authors: Shan Weijun , Ren Fuqiang , Zhang Qing , Wan Li , Xing Zhiqiang , Lou Zhenning , Xiong Ying 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTaking advantage of their voluminous availability as agricultural or industrial waste and ease of chemical modification, it is always a promising strategy to fabricate waste biomass materials as adsorbents for selective uptake of concerned metal ions. In the present paper, an environmentally “green” adsorbent was developed by introduced triethylamine (TEA) group on persimmon waste and its potentiality for adsorption, desorption behavior, and mechanism of molybdenum were evaluated.RESULTSAs compared to the persimmon tannin waste based other adsorbents, TEA‐CPT gel exhibited reasonable uptake capacity (287.21 mg g−1) and selectivity for the adsorption of molybdenum. Chelation action between the O‐atom of molybdenum poly‐anions and the N‐atom of tertiary amine is considered to be responsible for selective binding and sorption of molybdenum over co‐existing metal ions. In addition, the adsorbed molybdenum was very effectively eluted with low concentration NH3H2O solution (1%) in column experiment and the regenerated adsorbent exhibited undiminished sorption efficiency for at least six cycles.CONCLUSIONResults show that the TEA‐CPT gel modified by triethylamine has the good stability and the selectivity, etc make it a promising candidate for selective recovery of molybdenum from aqueous system. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of Clinician‐ and Self‐Assessments of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Older Versus Younger Veterans
Authors: Lunney Carole A. , Schnurr Paula P. , Cook Joan M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAssessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in older adults has received limited investigation. The purpose of this study was to compare the severity of PTSD symptoms in treatment‐seeking older and younger U.S. veterans with PTSD. Participants were 360 male and 284 female veterans enrolled in 2 separate clinical trials of psychotherapy for PTSD. About 4% of the participants were age 60 years or older. Symptoms were assessed before treatment using clinician‐rated and self‐report measures. For men, only numbing symptoms were lower in older veterans; this was so in clinician ratings, d = 0.76, and self‐reports, d = 0.65. For women, clinician‐rated hyperarousal symptoms were lower in older veterans, d = 0.57. Clinician‐rated and self‐reported symptoms were strongly related, Bs = 0.95 and 0.80 in the male and female samples, respectively. Among men, clinician‐rated and self‐reported reexperiencing and hyperarousal symptoms were associated only in younger veterans. Accurate assessment of PTSD symptoms in older adults is essential to identifying and implementing effective treatment. Our findings suggest that some symptoms may be lower in older men, and that some symptoms of PTSD may be underdetected in older women. Future research should assess the combined effect of gender and age on PTSD symptom presentation.
Bandgap engineering of GaxZn1–xO nanowire arrays for wavelength‐tunable light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Xianghui , Li Luying , Su Jun , Wang Yumei , Shi Yuling , Ren Xiaoliang , Liu Nishuang , Zhang Aiqing , Zhou Jun , Gao Yihua 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWavelength‐tunable light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) of GaxZn1–xO nanowire arrays are demonstrated by a simple modified chemical vapor deposition heteroepitaxial growth on p‐GaN substrate. As a gallium atom has similar electronegativity and ion radius to a zinc atom, high‐level Ga‐doped GaxZn1–xO nanowire arrays have been fabricated. As the x value gradually increases from 0 to 0.66, the near‐band‐edge emission peak of GaxZn1–xO nanowires shows a significant shift from 378 nm (3.28 eV) to 418 nm (2.96 eV) in room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurement. Importantly, the electroluminescence (EL) emission of GaxZn1–xO nanowire arrays LED continuously shifts with a wider range (∼100 nm), from the ultraviolet (382 nm) to the visible (480 nm) spectral region. The presented work demonstrates the possibility of bandgap engineering of low‐dimensional ZnO nanowires by gallium doping and the potential application for wavelength‐tunable LEDs.
Pulsed versus continuous wave CO2 laser excisions of 100 oral fibrous hyperplasias: A randomized controlled clinical and histopathological study
Authors: Suter Valerie G.A. , Altermatt Hans Jörg , Dietrich Thomas , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Bornstein Michael M. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundIn experimental animal studies, pulsing the CO2 laser beam has been shown to reduce the thermal damage zone of excised oral mucosal tissue. However, there is still controversy over whether this is borne out under clinical conditions.ObjectiveTo compare the outcome following excisional biopsies of fibrous hyperplasias using a pulsed (cf) versus a continuous wave (cw) CO2 laser mode regarding the thermal damage zone, duration of surgeries, intra‐ and postoperative complications, postoperative pain sensation, scarring and/or relapse during the initial 6 months.Materials and MethodsOne hundred Swiss‐resident patients with a fibrous hyperplasia in their buccal mucosa were randomly assigned to the cw mode (5 W) or the cf mode (140 Hz, 400 microseconds, 33 mJ, 4.62 W) group. All excisions were performed by one single oral surgeon. Postoperative pain (2 weeks) was recorded by visual analogue scale (VAS; ranging from 0 to 100). Intake of analgesics and postoperative complications were recorded in a standardized study form. The maximum width of the collateral thermal damage zone was measured (µm) in excision specimens by one pathologist. Intraoral photographs at 6‐month follow‐up examinations were evaluated regarding scarring (yes/no).ResultsMedian duration of the excision was 65 seconds in the cw and 81 seconds in the cf group (P = 0.13). Intraoperative bleeding occurred in 16.3% of the patients in the cw and 17.7% of the cf group. The median value of the thermal damage zone was 161(±228) μm in the cw and 152(± 105) μm in the cf group (P = 0.68). The reported postoperative complications included swelling in 19% and minor bleeding in 6% without significant differences between the two laser modes. When comparing each day separately or the combined mean VAS scores of both groups between Days 1–3, 1–7, and 1–15, there were no significant differences. However, more patients of the cw group (25%) took analgesics than patients of the cf group (9.8%) resulting in a borderline significance (P = 0.04). Scarring at the excision site was found in 50.6% of 77 patients after 6 months, and more scars were identified in cases treated with the cf mode (P = 0.03).ConclusionsExcision of fibrous hyperplasias performed with a CO2 laser demonstrated a good clinical outcome and long‐term predictability with a low risk of recurrence regardless of the laser mode (cf or cw) used. Scarring after 6 months was only seen in 50.6% of the cases and was slightly more frequent in the cf mode group. Based on the findings of the present study, a safety border of 1 mm appears sufficient for both laser modes especially when performing a biopsy of a suspicious soft tissue lesion to ensure a proper histopathological examination. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:396–404, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glycopolymer Functionalization of Engineered Spider Silk Protein‐based Materials for Improved Cell Adhesion
Authors: Hardy John G. , Pfaff André , Leal‐Egaña Aldo , Müller Axel H. E. , Scheibel Thomas R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSilk protein‐based materials are promising biomaterials for application as tissue scaffolds, due to their processability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The preparation of films composed of an engineered spider silk protein (eADF4(C16)) and their functionalization with glycopolymers are described. The glycopolymers bind proteins found in the extracellular matrix, providing a biomimetic coating on the films that improves cell adhesion to the surfaces of engineered spider silk films. Such silk‐based materials have potential as coatings for degradable implantable devices.
Two‐Phase Network Formation in Sulfur Crosslinking Reaction of Isoprene Rubber
Authors: Yasuda Yoritaka , Minoda Shinya , Ohashi Takumi , Yokohama Hiroyuki , Ikeda Yuko 
Published: April 2014

Synchrotron in situ zinc K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure measurements are conducted during sulfur crosslinking reactions of isoprene rubber at 140 °C. A two‐phase network formation via two different reactions is revealed in a benzothiazolesulfenamide‐accelerated curing system with zinc oxide and stearic acid. DSC measurements support this observation. The results are in good agreement with previous work using small‐angle neutron scattering, where network domains of high network‐chain density are proposed to be embedded in a mesh network. A formation of the mesh network is found to occur a little earlier than that of the network domains, and its fraction is unexpectedly observed to be larger than that calculated on the basis of a concentration of zinc stearate. The result is ascribable to amounts of zinc intermediates forming the mesh network. This study may be the first in situ evaluation for the inhomogeneous network formation during vulcanization.
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Movement through Dams Facilitates Population Connectivity in a Large River
Authors: Pracheil B. M. , Mestl G. E. , Pegg M. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEven in heavily impounded river ecosystems, aquatic populations and communities retain limited connectivity via movement through dams. This connectivity has the potential to influence population dynamics but has been infrequently characterized. We used 1995–2008 paddlefish mark–recapture data to perform the following: (i) quantify rates of movement through dams and (ii) examine the influence of dam discharge on fish passing dams. We found that there are substantial one‐way (upstream to downstream) population connections maintained via fish passing dams and that dam discharge is a key driver of downstream fish movement. Results of our study suggest that population connections maintained by fish passing dams can play an important role in population dynamics depleting upstream populations and subsidizing downstream populations, particularly in years with high flow events. We suggest that the influence of hydrology on maintaining populations in fragmented ecosystems is an increasingly important consideration for conservation and management of aquatic ecosystems in the face of predicted hydrological changes from climate change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying performance differences among trail cameras used to monitor forest mammals
Authors: Wellington Kelsey , Bottom Christopher , Merrill Cody , Litvaitis John A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAs a result of the increasing popularity of remotely triggered (trail) cameras among hunters, amateur naturalists, and field biologists, a large variety of equipment and technologies have become available. Among various models of cameras, such features as the size of detection zone, trigger speed, and sensitivity of infrared‐motion detector can influence performance, including animal detection rates. Variation in detection (or photographic) rates among cameras may be problematic in studies where several models of cameras are used, especially when performance differences are not incorporated in the study design. To evaluate this potential source of sampling bias, we conducted head‐to‐head field trials with 2 cameras (Cuddeback™ Capture IR and Reconyx™ HC 600 Hyperfire) that had substantially different attributes that can affect sampling efficiency. Among initial comparisons, we found that Reconyx cameras (large detection zone and high‐sensitivity motion detector) recorded approximately twice as many independent photographs as did the paired Cuddeback cameras. In subsequent trials, we reduced the sensitivity of the motion detector on the Reconyx cameras and positioned a wooden stake with bait in the center of the immediate detection zone of both cameras. These adjustments reduced performance differences between the 2 cameras. We recommend that biologists involved with research, inventory, or monitoring programs that rely on more than one model of trail camera consider a testing phase where they can evaluate and possibly adjust differences among cameras. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
What is new for monoamine neurotransmitter disorders?
Authors: Marecos Clara , Ng Joanne , Kurian Manju A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe monoamine neurotransmitter disorders are increasingly recognized as an expanding group of inherited neurometabolic syndromes caused by disturbances in the synthesis, transport and metabolism of the biogenic amines, including the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and serotonin. Disturbances in monoamine metabolism lead to neurological syndromes that frequently mimic other conditions, such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, parkinsonism‐dystonia syndromes, primary genetic dystonia and paroxysmal disorders. As a consequence, neurotransmitter disorders are frequently misdiagnosed. Early and accurate diagnosis of these neurotransmitter disorders is important, as many are highly amenable to, and some even cured by, therapeutic intervention. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field, particularly the recent extensive characterization of known neurotransmitter disorders and identification of novel neurotransmitter disorders. We also provide an overview of current and future research in the field focused on developing novel treatment strategies.
Evaluation and prediction of the effect of load frequency on the wear properties of pre-cracked nylon 66
Authors: Abdelbary A. , Abouelwafa M. N. , El Fahham I. M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Nylon 66 has been widely used for numerous mechanical applications but its sliding wear mechanisms are not fully understood. In particular, limited attention has been paid to the generation of fatigue surface cracks under constant and cyclic load conditions. The present work focuses on the effect of load frequency on the wear behavior of a polymer with surface defects in dry sliding conditions. The defects were imposed vertical deep cracks perpendicular to the direction of sliding. Wear studies were conducted against a steel counterface at constant loads, and in cyclic loads at different frequencies. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were examined to identify one that optimally simulates wear under the applied load parameters.
Surface cracks were found to have a remarkable adverse effect on the wear behavior of the polymer. The wear rates were influenced by the number of cracks as well as the type of applied load. Furthermore, results suggest that the presence of surface cracks is attributable to the section B wear regime. Finally, acceptable predicted wear rate values were obtained by introducing the ANN wear model.
Personality Characteristics in a Population of Mountain Climbers
Authors: Monasterio Erik , Alamri Yassar A. , Mei-Dan Omer 
Published: April 2014

Objective Mountaineering and mountain-related sports are growing in popularity and are associated with significant risk of injury. There is a perception that mountaineers possess unique personality characteristics that attract them to the sport. We aim to determine whether there are any identifiable differences between the personality characteristics of experienced mountaineers and a normal control population and to determine whether there is an association between specific personality traits and risk of injury. Methods Questionnaires were utilized to obtain data on demographics, accidents, and personality characteristics from a population of experienced mountaineers. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used, and the results were compared with normative data from age-matched controls. Results Forty-seven mountaineers from 8 different countries enrolled in the study. The mean age was 33 years, and 44 (90%) had been mountaineering for more than 5 years. Twenty-three climbers (49%) had been involved in a total of 33 accidents. Mountaineers scored higher on novelty seeking ( P < .05) and self-directedness ( P < .05) and lower on harm avoidance ( P < .001) and self-transcendence ( P < .001). There was a significant association between the character measure of cooperativeness and the total number (−.33, P < .05) and severity (−.475, P < .05) of accidents. Conclusions Mountaineering is associated with significant risk of injury. Wide variation in the scores of personality traits suggests that there is not a tightly defined personality profile among mountaineers. Scores on cooperativeness may assist in determining risk of injury in mountaineers.
Measuring Judicial Ideal Points in New Democracies: The Case of the Philippines
Authors: Dalla Pellegrina Lucia , Escresa Laarni , Garoupa Nuno 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper extends the empirical analysis on the determinants of judicial behaviour by measuring the ideal points for the Justices of the Philippine Supreme Court for 1986−2010. The Philippines is an interesting case given the US influence in designing the Supreme Court while the political and social context differs significantly. The estimated ideal points allow us to focus on political coalitions based on presidential appointments. We find strong evidence to support the existence of such coalitions along a government-opposition policy space. Implications for comparative judicial politics are discussed.