bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enacting new freshwater geographies: Te Awaroa and the transformative imagination
Authors: Salmond Anne , Tadaki Marc , Gregory Tim 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWater is a central element of social and material life, and the institutions created around water embody societal values. While mainstream interpretations focus on the quantity and quality of water, we argue that a greater risk to the health of waterways is the philosophical disconnection between people and water, expressed through institutions and technologies of alienation. A structural response based on cultural transformation is needed, cultivating diverse institutions of care that enable communities to reconnect with their waterways based on more‐than‐economic relations. Te Awaroa seeks to transform long‐term relationships between people and water to ensure that waterways and their communities alike are in a state of ora (health, well‐being and prosperity).
Freshwater geographies? Place, matter, practice, hope
Authors: Gibbs Leah 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn light of the contributions to this special issue I propose four directions for future research in freshwater geographies: place, matter, practice and hope. First, in spanning the social and physical sciences, the discipline of geography can shed light on water as part of biophysical, socio‐cultural, political place. Second, notwithstanding the importance of place, the materiality of water matters. Third, practice encompasses two distinct fields: cultural practices of interaction with water places and practices of governing. Finally, in the face of abuse of freshwater and of peoples' relationships with water places, geography can work towards imagining and enacting hopeful futures.
Epithermal Gold Mineralization in the Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Takahashi Ryohei , Shingo Yuki , Imai Akira , Watanabe Koichiro , Harijoko Agung , Warmada I Wayan , Idrus Arifudin , Setijadji Lucas Donny , Phoumephone Phouvang , Scherstén Anders , Page Laurence 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGold‐mineralized quartz veins at the Trenggalek district of the Southern Mountains Range in East Java, Indonesia, are hosted by Oligo‐Miocene volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks, and are distributed close to andesitic plugs in the northern prospects (Dalangturu, Suruh, Jati, Gregah, Jombok, Salak, and Kojan) and the southern prospects (Sentul and Buluroto). The plugs are subalkaline tholeiitic basaltic‐andesite to calc‐alkaline andesite in composition. 40Ar–39Ar dating of a quartz‐adularia vein at the Dalangturu prospect yielded an age of 16.29 ± 0.56 Ma (2σ), and a crystal tuff of a limestone‐pyroclastic rock sequence at the southwest of the Dalangturu prospect was determined as 15.6 ± 0.5 Ma (2σ). Statistic overlap of ages suggests that the gold mineralization in the northern prospects took place in a shallow marine to subaerial transitional environment. Hydrothermal alteration of the host rocks is characterized by the replacement of quartz, illite and adularia. Quartz veins in surface outcrops are up to 50 cm wide in the northern prospects and up to 3 m wide in the southern prospects, showing a banded or brecciated texture, and are composed of quartz, adularia, carbonates with pyrite, electrum, sphalerite, galena, and polybasite. Gold contents of quartz veins are positively correlated with Ag, Zn, Pb, and Cu contents in both the northern and southern prospects. The quartz veins at the Jati, Gregah, and Sentul prospects have relatively lower gold‐silver ratios (Ag/Au = 23.2) compared to those at the Kojan, Dalangturu, Salak, and Suruh prospects (Ag/Au = 66.8). The quartz veins at the Dalangturu prospect are relatively rich in base metal sulfides. Ag/(Au+Ag) ratios of electrum in the Dalangturu prospect range from 45.2 to 65.0 at%, and FeS contents of sphalerite range from 1.2 to 6.4 mol%. Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates ore‐forming temperatures of 190–200°C and 220–230°C at the Sentul and Kojan prospects, respectively. Widely variable vapor/liquid ratio of fluid inclusions indicates that fluid boiling took place within the hydrothermal system at the Sentul prospect. Salinities of ore‐fluids range from 0 to 0.7 wt% (av. 0.4 wt% NaCl equiv.) and from 0.5 to 1.4 wt% (av. 0.9 wt%) for the Sentul and Kojan prospects, respectively. The boiling of hydrothermal fluid was one of the gold deposition mechanisms in the Sentul prospect.
Is Export Spillover Localized in China
Authors: Bao Qun , Shao Min , Song Ligang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe hypothesis of localized export spillover has been widely supported by the previous studies. Based on Chinese firm‐level data of more than 47,000 firms from 2000 to 2006, this paper investigates whether export spillover is localized in China. Drawing on the idea of revealed comparative advantage, six export spillover indicators are constructed to capture both the within‐ and between‐ provinces, cities as well as industries spillover effects. The multinomial logit model estimation results show that there is no sign of localized spillover effects despite the fact that domestic firms gain from export spillovers due to geographic and industrial agglomeration effects. This is especially true for those new entrants to export markets. The finding indicates that there may be export congestions resulting from over‐agglomeration of local exporters due to the rapid export expansion in China.
Prediction of Combustion Pressure, NOx and Soot for D.I. Diesel Engine by Simplified Model
Authors: Walke N. H. , Nandgaonkar M. R. , Marathe N. V. 
Published: April 2014

Due to stricter emission norms, diesel engine is facing challenges of in-cylinder emissions reduction. Low complexity emissions prediction models are desired, with a long term objective to extend it to emissions prediction during transient operations. This paper is focused on the formulation and investigation of simplified model for prediction of in-cylinder pressures, temperatures engine-out NOx and Soot emissions. Being a predictive model, this does not require cylinder pressure as an input. To have better computational efficiency, a single-zone model is used for the combustion model. Fuel burning rate is predicted using Watson model. Two-zone model has been formulated to predict NOx and Soot emissions. Flame temperatures are predicted by enthalpy balance. Thermal NO concentration is predicted by using Zeldovich mechanism. Soot prediction is based on approach proposed by Hiroyasu.
Prediction model is validated using a Turbocharged DI Diesel engine, at various speed-load conditions. The predicted results of the in-cylinder pressure histories, NOx emissions and Soot emissions are in good agreement with the measured data.
Perspectives on Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Transport Processes With Electrochemical Reactions in SOFCs
Authors: Paradis Hedvig , Andersson Martin , Sundén Bengt 
Published: April 2014

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is alternative computational method to the traditional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods. LBM has the ability to with straightforward computational procedure to handle the detail activity at microscale well for simulation of different transport processes. In this study the focus is on the effects of electrochemical reactions and transport processes in an anode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) at microscale. The electrochemical reactions are captured at specific sites where the so-called three-phase boundaries (TPB) are present. The porous modeling domain is created with randomly placed spheres of two different sizes to resemble the materials Ni and YSZ for the part of the anode close to the electrolyte. The simulated transport processes are mass, heat, momentum and charge transfer with electrochemical reactions. These are evaluated with the software tools Palabos and MATLAB.
It is concluded that LBM can be used to evaluate the microscopic effect of electrochemical reactions on the transport processes. Case studies are carried out on the current density and the concentration distribution of H2 by changing the porosity, percentage of active reaction sites and particle size. It is shown that an increase in porosity decreases the current density throughout the porous domain while an increase in percentage of active sites has a positive increase in current density. The concentration of H2 decreases throughout the cell when the porosity is increased from 30% to 50%. As a suggestion for future improvements, it might be a good idea to have the active reaction sites placed out in a graded manner with a high density of reaction sites where it is needed.
The Möbius Strip of Lean Engineering and Systems Engineering
Authors: Kahlen Franz-Josef , Flumerfelt Shannon , Alves Anabela C. , Manalang Anna Bella Siriban 
Published: April 2014

Lean Engineering has come a long way from its first conception in the 1940s. What started as a production philosophy to enable manufacturing in Japan under severe resource constraints has developed into a globally adopted, widely aspired, often misinterpreted, and sometimes poorly understood, way and means of “doing business”. Short-sighted implementations of lean engineering in industrialized countries in a first wave in the 1970s were quickly accompanied by the slogan ‘lean is mean’ because of the focus on short-term financial gains at the expense of a complete understanding of the entire production and value chains. In a second wave in the 1990s, the focus of lean engineering implementations shifted to the core objective of lean engineering philosophies, the establishment of flow in the value chain through standardization. In parallel, Systems Engineering has continuously developed as a discipline which has moved away from the integration of components and subsystems, to the co-development of such units and building blocks of engineering and engineered products. This continued development of Systems Engineering as a discipline reflects the growing demand for systems thinking competency, to challenge the complexity of manufacturing and operations in an environment where product development, production and distribution is spread over large, not co-located teams on all continents.
In this paper, the authors tie together the developments, tools and methodologies of Lean Engineering and Systems Engineering, and they show the growing similarity of both disciplines. In fact, these disciplines often describe the same effects, processes, and challenges in the workplace. The similarity has grown to a level where value streams in production or service delivery are analyzed and described in terms of one engineering discipline, while following methodologies and applying tools stemming from the other engineering discipline. The authors advocate that the debate should therefore not be over which engineering discipline to follow, but what tools and methodologies are most appropriate to enhance systems thinking competency, and to understand complexity in systems.
Path Planning for Collision Avoidance Maneuver
Authors: Moshchuk Nikolai , Chen Shih-Ken , Zagorski Chad , Chatterjee Amy 
Published: April 2014

This paper summarizes the development of an optimal path planning algorithm for collision avoidance maneuver. The goal of the optimal path is to minimize distance to the target vehicle ahead of the host vehicle subject to vehicle and environment constraints. Such path constrained by allowable lateral (centripetal) acceleration and lateral acceleration rate (jerk). Two algorithms with and without lateral jerk limitation, are presented.
The algorithms were implemented in Simulink and verified in CarSim. The results indicate that the lateral jerk limitation increases time-to-collision threshold and leads to a larger distance to the target required for emergency lane change. Collision avoidance path without lateral jerk limitation minimizes the distance to the target vehicle and is suitable for path tracking control in real-time application; however tracking such a path requires very aggressive control.
Characterization of Real Time Producer Gas Generation From Paper Sludge Gasification
Authors: Shi Yunye , Sharma Tejasvi , Ratner Albert 
Published: April 2014

Biomass Gasification is incomplete combustion of biomass resulting in production of combustible gases consisting of Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2) and traces of Methane (CH4), the mixture of which is called producer gas. Producer gas can be cleaned and directly used in internal combustion engines or can be converted to various attractive biofuels.
The paper sludge is a byproduct produced from recycled cardboard and into pallets. This paper is focused on gasification of paper sludge and its real-time gas evolution through this process. Variables include temperature; equivalence ratio and superficial velocity were tested and analyzed. Results demonstrate that CO2 and H2 formation is favored at higher temperature and higher oxygen concentrations. CO production is ruled by oxidation and water shift reactions but it is difficult to determine from two single variables.
Fully Lagrangian Modeling of Two-Phase Impulse Microjets
Authors: Lebedeva Natalia , Osiptsov Alexander , Sazhin Sergei 
Published: April 2014

A new fully Lagrangian approach to numerical simulation of 2D transient flows of viscous gas with inertial microparticles is proposed. The method is applicable to simulation of unsteady viscous flows with a dilute admixture of non-colliding particles which do not affect the carrier phase. The novel approach is based on a modification and combination of the full Lagrangian method for the dispersed phase, proposed by Osiptsov [1], and a Lagrangian mesh-free vortex-blob method for Navier-Stokes equations describing the carrier phase in the format suggested by Dynnikova [2]. In the combined numerical algorithm, both these approaches have been implemented and used at each time step. In the first stage, the vortex-blob approach is used to calculate the fields of velocity and spatial derivatives of the carrier-phase flow. In the second stage, using Osiptsov’s approach, particle velocities and number density are calculated along chosen particle trajectories. In this case, the problem of calculation of all parameters of both phases (including particle concentration) is reduced to the solution of a high-order system of ordinary differential equations, describing transient processes in both carrier and dispersed phases.
The combined method is applied to simulate the development of vortex ring-like structures in an impulse two-phase microjet. This flow involves the formation of local zones of particle accumulation, regions of multiple intersections of particle trajectories, and multi-valued particle velocity and concentration fields. The proposed mesh-free approach enables one to reproduce with controlled accuracy these flow features without excessive computational costs.
Development of Bio-MEMS Device for Cell Cluster Patterning by Using Dielectrophoresis Method
Authors: Murakami S. , Morita Y. , Nakamachi E. 
Published: April 2014

Recently, the investigation of cell-activation and tissue regeneration process has shown the great progress in the biomedical and biomechanical research fields. In this study fabricated Biomedical-Micro Electric Mechanical System (Bio-MEMS) to examine accurately the cell activation by introducing the cell patterning assignment technique, which consists of the photolithograph method to generate the MEMS device and the cell patterning technique by using the dielectrophoresis (DEP) method.
In the development of Bio-MEMS devices for cell culture and micro-bioreactor system, unresolved subjects, 1) the fundamental mechanism of cell activation, 2) the flow control of culture medium 3) the accurate cell pattern technique and 4) the implementation of positive DEP methods, are remained. In this study, we fabricate 2-D patterns of point by using the DEP method introducing the positive effects and the trap method by employing the gravity effect and the adhesion technique, to reveal the fundamental mechanism of cell activations, such as the nerve cell axon extension.
We succeed to establish the cell patterning technique by using a novel electrode design technique, such as 2-D patterns of point. The results is shown that our novel approach using comprehensive designed electrodes is superior to cell patterning. Therefore, our device able to produce neural network consists of a large number of cells.
Prediction of Space Heating Consumption in District Heated Apartments
Authors: Popescu D. , Ungureanu F. 
Published: April 2014

Enhancing energy efficiency from the producer to the end-users is a prioritized objective of European energy policies. The most difficult element to understand and to control is the last link, the consumer.
Most simulation tools for the estimation of heat demand in buildings are based on the input parameters according to environmental conditions and the features of the materials and equipments. Studies have revealed that even if sophisticated programs are used, a gap between calculated and post occupancy space heating consumption rates occurs.
Based on billing history, the present paper proposes a cluster analysis method to identify the grouping trends of habitants’ consumption. For modeling the heat consumption at end-user level and predicting the trends of energy demand, artificial neural networks (ANNs) technique was used. Unlike most prediction methods that have the entire building in view, the proposed technique can be applied to individual apartments situated in condominiums.
A Sensitivity-Based Approach to Improve Efficiency of Automotive Chassis Architecture
Authors: Valgimigli Alessandro , Bertocchi Enrico , Lazzarini Alberto , D’agostino Luca , Splendi Luca 
Published: April 2014

The strong competition of the automotive market brings the industries to look continuously for more challenging comfort and performance standards.
These requirements often contrast with the need for weight reduction related to the restrictive emissions limits.
In this scenario, the investments aimed at increasing the structure efficiency (stiffness-to-weight ratio) become fundamental.
The objective of this work is to propose a methodology that allows to identify the most important chassis areas in terms of efficiency: the design and research efforts could then be focused on the real determinant parts. This is done through a sensitivity process that works on frame subsystems and then on each component, first varying the material properties and then the thickness (and so the mass). The designing loadcases considered are the torsional stiffness, bending stiffness, modal analysis and frequency response analysis.
The results show which are the most important subsystems and components that affects the chassis efficiency and that will have to be re-designed in order to improve the current architecture.
Comparison of Muffler Performance Criteria Using Finite Element Analysis and Field Measurements
Authors: Mang Scott , Vipperman Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2014

The assumption of one dimensional acoustic propagation breaks down at very low frequencies for large sized mufflers. Finite element analysis is the preferred method for predicting the performance of mufflers when three dimensional acoustics are present. In this study three performance metrics were measured in field tests, and then the results of the FEA simulations were compared to the field measurements. There were three muffler models considered in this study. For the purpose of protecting intellectual property they will be referred to as muffler models A, B, and C. A is the smallest muffler model, C is the largest, and B is the mid-size model.
Good agreement is found between the field measurements and the FEA simulations. A method for increasing the accuracy of noise reduction and insertion loss predictions for realistic environments is also presented.
Improvement in Precision, Accuracy, and Efficiency in Standardizing the Characterization of Granular Materials
Authors: Tucker J. R. , Shadle L. J. , Benyahia S. , Mei J. , Guenther C. , Koepke M. E. 
Published: April 2014

Useful prediction of the kinematics, dynamics, and chemistry of a system relies on precision and accuracy in the quantification of component properties, operating mechanisms, and collected data. In an attempt to emphasize, rather than gloss over, the benefit of proper characterization to fundamental investigations of multiphase systems incorporating solid particles, a set of procedures were developed and implemented for the purpose of providing a revised methodology having the desirable attributes of reduced uncertainty, expanded relevance and detail, and higher throughput. Better, faster, cheaper characterization of multiphase systems result.
Methodologies are presented to characterize particle size, shape, size distribution, density (particle, skeletal and bulk), minimum fluidization velocity, void fraction, particle porosity, and assignment within the Geldart Classification. A novel form of the Ergun equation was used to determine the bulk void fractions and particle density. Accuracy of properties-characterization methodology was validated on materials of known properties prior to testing materials of unknown properties. Several of the standard present-day techniques were scrutinized and improved upon where appropriate. Validity, accuracy, and repeatability were assessed for the procedures presented and deemed higher than present-day techniques.
A database of over seventy materials has been developed to assist in model validation efforts and future designs.
Framework for Management of Internet Objects in Their Relation With Human Sensations and Emotions
Authors: Luís-Ferreira Fernando , Marques-Lucena Catarina , Sarraipa João , Jardim-Goncalves Ricardo 
Published: April 2014

Emotions are what make us human and emotions are what make us different. A person can make a list of such expressions about the role of human emotions, as they play a central role in our lives, in our interactions with others and the surrounding environment. Emotions are in a broad sense the regulators of our interaction with the world as they play a central role in our perception of the world and in our knowledge construction.
In another angle, sensations are our immediate detector of the surrounding environment as, since ever, we see, touch and smell what is around us, we ear friendly voices or run from predator’s sounds and taste food that keep us alive. Both emotions and sensations can be used to describe our living and our main interactions with the world.
However, despite that important role of senses and emotions, there is a poor representation of sensorial information and lack of understanding of emotions from the side of computational systems. Subsequently it is noticeable the absence of support to acquire and fully represent human sensorial experience and lack of ability to represent, and appropriately react, from those systems to emotional activity. The proposed work consists in developing a framework that acquires knowledge about human emotions from self-reporting or the interaction with Internet objects and media. In particular, it intends to facilitate their emotions description at the Internet from proposed samples of sensorial information allowing a later management of that knowledge for the most diverse objectives, as an example, for searching objects or media through similarities of emotional and sensorial patterns.