bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Struggle for a Voice: Tensions between Associations and Citizens in Participatory Budgeting
Authors: Ganuza Ernesto , Nez Héloïse , Morales Ernesto 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe emergence of new participatory mechanisms, such as participatory budgeting, in towns and cities in recent years has given rise to a conflict between the old protagonists of local participation and the new citizens invited to participate. These mechanisms offer a logic of collective action different from what has been the usual fare in cities — one based on proposal rather than demand. As a result, urban social movements need to transform their own dynamics in order to make room for a new political subject (the citizenry and the non‐organized participant) and to act upon a stage where deliberative dynamics now apply. This article aims to analyse this conflict in three different cities that set up participatory budgeting at different times: Porto Alegre, Cordova and Paris. The associations in the three cities took up a position against the new participatory mechanisms and demanded a bigger role in the political arena. Through a piece of ethnographic research, we shall see that the responses of the agents involved (politicians, associations and citizens) in the three cities share some arguments, although the conflict was resolved differently in each of them. The article concludes with reflections on the consequences this conflict could have for contemporary political theory, especially with respect to the role of associations in the processes of democratization and the setting forth of a new way of doing politics by means of deliberative procedures.
Corporate corruption of the environment: sustainability as a process of compromise
Authors: Nyberg Daniel , Wright Christopher 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA key response to environmental degradation, climate change and declining biodiversity has been the growing adoption of market principles in an effort to better value the social good of nature. Through concepts such as ‘natural capitalism’ and ‘corporate environmentalism’, nature is increasingly viewed as a domain of capitalist endeavour. In this article, we use convention theory and a pluralist understanding of social goods to investigatehowthe social good of the environment is usurped by the alternate social good of the market. Through analysis of interviews with sustainability managers and corporate documentation, we highlight how organizational actors employ compromise to temporally settle disputes between competing claims about environmental activities. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the processes of empirically grounded critique and the under‐theorized concept of compromise between social goods. Rather than protecting the environment, the corporate promotion of sustainability facilitates the corruption of the social good of the environment and its conversion into a market commodity.
UNgenocide commemoration, transnational scenes of mourning and the global project of learning from atrocity
Authors: Skillington Tracey 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper offers a critical analytic reconstruction of some of the main symbolic properties of annualUNHolocaust andRwandan genocide commemorations since 2005. Applying a discourse‐historical approach (Wodak andMeyer 2010), it retraces how themes of guilt, responsibility, evil and redemption are woven together across annual commemorative performances in the hope of stabilizing shared patterns of cultural translation of the significance of these atrocities to globally dispersed communities.UNcommemorative discourse characteristically links memories of Holocaust andRwandan trauma in a ‘chain of communication’ with those of other episodes of brutality (e.g.,Cambodia,Bosnia andDarfur) chiefly to convey the continuity of human barbarity across time and endorse certain presuppositions regarding the fate of a fallen humanity in this more ‘post‐secular’ age. As scenes of mourning,UNcommemorations unite participating international delegations in their expressions of grief for the victims of ‘preventable tragedies’ in the past but also, it must be said, their uncertainty regarding new horrors likely to occur in the future. The duty to remember is reiterated continuously as both a mark of respect to those who have already perished and as a warning of atrocities yet to unfold. This paper explores how the historical constancy of violence is interpreted by theUNthrough a detailed critical analysis of its recently inaugurated ‘remembrance through education’ programme aimed at a transnational collectivelearning from atrocity.
Strain, Kinematic Vorticity and Ductile Thinning along the Detachment Zone of the Yunmeng Shan Metamorphic Core Complex, Beijing, China
Authors: Jianbo LI , Tao WANG , Lei GUO , Ying TONG , Zhixia OUYANG , Tao ZENG 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:The Yunmeng Shan metamorphic core complex (MCC) is composed of the lower plate, the upper plate and the detachment zone. The detachment zone consists of ductile shear zone (mylonite zone), chloritized microbreccias zone and the brittle fault plane. The ductile shear zone contains mylonitic rocks, protomylonites, and mylonites. Finite strain measurements of feldspar porphyroclasts from those rocks using the Rf/φ method show that the strain intensities increase from mylonitic rocks (Es=0.66–0.72) to protomylonites (Es=0.66–0.83), and to mylonites (Es=0.71–1.2). The strain type is close to flatten strain. Kinematic vorticity estimated by Polar Mohr diagrams suggest that foliations and lineation of mylonite (0.47<Wk<0.85) record a bulk simple‐dominated general shearing at the initial evolution stage of the Yunmeng Shan MCC's detachment zone; and the extensional crenulation cleavage(ecc) (0.34<Wk<0.77) recorded a bulk pure‐dominated general shearing at the later stage of the evolution. Kinematic vorticity measurements also show that the Yunmeng Shan MCC detachment zone is a result of a combination of simple‐dominated general shearing caused by crustal extension at the early stage and pure‐dominated general shearing caused by MCC uplifting at the late stage. The ductile thinning estimated by finite strain measurements and estimation of Kinematic vorticity ranges from 52% to 82%, which is the minimum thining estimation. Our studies provide new evidence for mechanisms of the Yunmeng Shan MCC detachement zone.
Depigmented–polymerized mixed grass/birch pollen extract immunotherapy is effective in polysensitized patients
Authors: Pfaar O. , Biedermann T. , Klimek L. , Sager A. , Robinson D. S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis have symptoms due to sensitization with more than one pollen allergen, and mixed pollen extracts are widely used for allergen immunotherapy in practice, there are few published trials.MethodsWe performed a 2‐year multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of subcutaneous immunotherapy with mixed depigmented–polymerized birch and grass pollen extract in 285 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptomatic during both birch and grass pollen seasons. Primary outcome was combined symptom and medication score (SMS) assessed by daily visual analogue scales (VAS). Analysis included a placebo‐based analysis examining the effect of treatment only on days when placebo patients were symptomatic.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in median SMS for actively treated patients (median 5.70 (interquartile range 2.62–10.02) compared with 7.07 (3.47–10.71) for placebo, P = 0.0385). Rhinitis quality‐of‐life scores were significantly better for active compared with placebo, and other secondary endpoints were not significantly different. Placebo‐based analysis showed a 33.7% reduced SMS at year 2 for active treatment compared with placebo on days when placebo patients were symptomatic. Both birch pollen‐ and grass pollen‐specific IgG4 increased with active treatment.ConclusionsThis study shows efficacy of mixed pollen extracts for immunotherapy for patients symptomatic to both birch and grass pollen allergens. The relatively modest effect may reflect 50% dose reduction for each allergen in the mixture. It supports VAS for symptom assessment and placebo‐based analysis as useful for the analysis of immunotherapy trials. The safety of modified extracts may allow study of mixed extracts without dose reduction to improve efficacy.
Lingual antimicrobial peptide and lactoferrin concentrations and lactoperoxidase activity in bovine colostrum are associated with subsequent somatic cell count
Authors: Isobe Naoki , Shibata Ayumi , Kubota Hirokazu , Yoshimura Yukinori 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to examine whether potential levels of innate immune factors (lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), lactoferrin (LF) and lactoperoxidase (LPO)) in colostrum are associated with subsequent milk somatic cell count (SCC) in dairy cows. Quarter milk samples were collected daily for 1 week postpartum to measure LAP and LF concentrations and LPO activity. SCC in milk was determined weekly for 2 months postpartum and its correlations to concentrations of LAP and LF and LPO activity were examined. Only small variations of all immune factors were found among four udders in each individual cow, whereas there were great differences in these factors among cows. Negative correlation was detected only between LPO activity and mean and maximum SCC, whereas its relationship was not significant. LAP and LF concentrations were significantly correlated positively to mean, maximum and minimum SCC. These results suggest that the great difference in innate immune factors among animals and high LAP and LF concentrations in colostrum may be associated with subsequent high incidence of SCC increase.
Changes in estrogen receptor expression in the chick thymus during late embryonic development
Authors: Katayama Masafumi , Fukuda Tomokazu , Hatabu Toshimitsu , Narabara Kiyoaki , Abe Asaki , Kondo Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn chickens, although estrogen receptors (ER) are reported to be associated with the immunological processes, detailed information about the differences in ER expression in the tissues related to the development of lymphocytes is not fully known, especially during the developmental stage. To learn more about this immunological relationship, we used semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction method to detect the ER expression levels in the thymus tissues of chicks during the developmental stage. Furthermore, ER‐expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results of this study show that the expression level of ER increased on embryonic day 16 and decreased on day 20. Furthermore, ER expression was significantly higher in male than in female chickens at day 16. The increased expression on day 16 and decreased level on day 20 were also reproduced in the incidence of immunoreactive cells, although there was a 1‐day delay in the elevated incidence of the cells. This study revealed the changes in ER expression and the incidence of ER‐positive cells in the thymus of chickens during the developmental stage.
Physiological changes during feeding and rumination in cows
Authors: Komatsu Tokushi , Higashiyama Yumi , Fukasawa Michiru , Katoh Kazuo , Oshibe Akinori 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the physiological changes in cattle during feeding and rumination. We collected blood samples every 5 min by using an automated blood sampling system and simultaneously recorded feeding, ruminating, and other behaviors using a video camera. Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations continuously decreased during feeding and decreased temporarily during rumination. Plasma glucose concentration continuously decreased during feeding and remained stable during rumination. During feeding and rumination, there were no characteristic increases and subsequent decreases in plasma insulin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations, although insulin concentrations were positively correlated with glucose concentration. NEFA concentrations were not correlated with GH and insulin concentrations. In terms of chewing behavior, feeding and rumination are similar; therefore, the changes in metabolites such as NEFA might have been the same. Combination of behavioral observations and application of an automated blood sampling system could contribute to new findings on behavioral and physiological changes regarding the temporary decrease in plasma NEFA concentration during rumination in ruminants.
How I treat patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Cuthill Kirsty , Devereux Stephen 
Published: September 2013

SummaryAs front line therapy has improved, the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has become more difficult as the disease becomes resistant and the patient accumulates comorbidities. The outcome for those who relapse after immunochemotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab is strongly influenced by the duration of initial response. Patients who relapse within the first year or with a TP53 abnormality have very high‐risk disease and will not respond to chemotherapy. High dose glucocorticoid and alemtuzumab followed by an allogeneic stem cell transplant is probably the best approach for younger, fitter patients in this category. Those who relapse after 2–3 years without TP53 abnormality will probably respond to their initial therapy again. Relapse within 12–24 months carries an intermediate outlook. Additional options include bendamustine and rituximab, ofatumumab and lenalidomide. New therapies are on the horizon and patients should be discussed with a specialist centre and entered into a clinical trial whenever possible.
Bioenergetic medicine
Authors: Swerdlow Russell H 
Published: September 2013

Here we discuss a specific therapeutic strategy we call ‘bioenergetic medicine’. Bioenergetic medicine refers to the manipulation of bioenergetic fluxes to positively affect health. Bioenergetic medicine approaches rely heavily on the law of mass action, and impact systems that monitor and respond to the manipulated flux. Since classically defined energy metabolism pathways intersect and intertwine, targeting one flux also tends to change other fluxes, which complicates treatment design. Such indirect effects, fortunately, are to some extent predictable, and from a therapeutic perspective may also be desirable. Bioenergetic medicine‐based interventions already exist for some diseases, and because bioenergetic medicine interventions are presently feasible, new approaches to treat certain conditions, including some neurodegenerative conditions and cancers, are beginning to transition from the laboratory to the clinic.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Nicotinic receptor activation on primary sensory afferents modulates autorhythmicity in the mouse renal pelvis
Authors: Nguyen M J , Angkawaijawa S , Hashitani H , Lang R J 
Published: September 2013

Background and PurposeThe modulation of the spontaneous electrical and Ca2+ signals underlying pyeloureteric peristalsis upon nicotinic receptor activation located on primary sensory afferents (PSAs) was investigated in the mouse renal pelvis.Experimental ApproachContractile activity was followed using video microscopy, electrical and Ca2+ signals in typical and atypical smooth muscle cells (TSMCs and ASMCs) within the renal pelvis were recorded separately using intracellular microelectrodes and Fluo‐4 Ca2+ imaging.Key ResultsNicotine and carbachol (CCh; 1–100 μM) transiently reduced the frequency and increased the amplitude of spontaneous phasic contractions in a manner unaffected by muscarininc antagonists, 4‐DAMP (1,1‐dimethyl‐4‐diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide) and pirenzipine (10 nM) or L‐NAME (L‐Nω‐nitroarginine methyl ester; 200 μM), inhibitor of NO synthesis, but blocked by the nicotinic antagonist, hexamethonium or capsaicin, depletor of PSA neuropeptides. These negative chronotropic and delayed positive inotropic effects of CCh on TSMC contractions, action potentials and Ca2+ transients were inhibited by glibenclamide (Glib; 1 μM), blocker of ATP‐dependent K (KATP) channels. Nicotinic receptor‐evoked inhibition of the spontaneous Ca2+ transients in ASMCs was prevented by capsaicin but not Glib. In contrast, the negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of the non‐selective COX inhibitor indomethacin were not prevented by Glib.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe negative chronotropic effect of nicotinic receptor activation results from the release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) from PSAs, which suppresses Ca2+ signalling in ASMCs. PSA‐released CGRP also evokes a transient hyperpolarization in TSMCs upon the opening of KATP channels, which reduces contraction propagation but promotes the recruitment of TSMC Ca2+ channels that underlie the delayed positive inotropic effects of CCh.
Using complexity theory in kinship practice
Authors: Warren‐Adamson Chris , Stroud Julia 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis reflective discussion draws on data from a collaborative enquiry into kinship or family and friends practice. It introduces perspectives from complexity and chaos theory as a way of re‐examining the challenges of kinship practice. The discussion highlights the enduring challenges for practitioners, not least, managing anxiety and uncertainty, sustaining continuity and containment, becoming experienced and taking account of the complex developmental needs of the children and their families. The discussion particularly raises questions about appropriate settings for practitioners to undertake such a demanding area of child and family social work.
Anemia is a predictor of graft loss but not cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality in renal transplant recipients: follow‐up data from the ALERT study
Authors: Schjelderup Patrick , Dahle Dag Olav , Holdaas Hallvard , Mjøen Geir , Nordby Gudrun , Abedini Sadollah , Jardine Alan , Fellström Bengt , Svensson My 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt is well established that post‐transplantation anemia (PTA) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is associated with reduced graft survival. However, there is an uncertainty of the effect of PTA on cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality. We examined prospectively in a large cohort of erythropoietin‐naive patients the effects of PTA on cardiovascular morbidity, patient survival, and graft survival.MethodsA prospective cohort study of RTRs (n = 2102) included in the ALERT study. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the impact of PTA on study endpoints: first occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event, all‐cause death, and the incidence of death‐censored graft loss. Mean follow‐up was 6.7 yr. All endpoints were adjudicated by an independent endpoint committee.ResultsTwenty‐nine percent of women and 30% of men were anemic. Hemoglobin levels were not associated with any effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (HR 0.97 [0.90–1.05] per g/dL, p = 0.48) or all‐cause death (HR 0.96 [0.90–1.03] per g/dL, p = 0.24) after extensive multivariate adjustments for clinical and demographic factors. Hemoglobin levels were negatively associated with graft loss (HR 0.86 [0.80–0.92] per g/dL, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPTA was not associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality or all‐cause mortality.
Improved outcomes using G‐CSF‐mobilized blood and bone marrow grafts as the source of stem cells compared with G‐PB after HLA‐identical sibling transplantation in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐su , Chen Yao , Zhao Xiang‐yu , Liu Dai‐hong , Xu Lan‐ping , Wang Yu , Han Wei , Chen Yu‐hong , Chen Huan , Zhang Xiao‐hui , Liu Kai‐yan , Huang Xiao‐jun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis retrospective study compared the transplantation outcomes of 98 consecutive patients with acute leukemia. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed using G‐CSF‐mobilized bone marrow and blood (G‐BM&PB) or G‐CSF‐mobilized peripheral blood (G‐PB) from HLA‐identical sibling donors. The G‐BM&PB and G‐PB groups displayed significantly different neutrophil recovery rates (medians of 15 vs. 14 d, respectively; p = 0.009) but similar platelet recovery rates. The cumulative incidences of grades II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) in the G‐BM&PB and G‐PB cohorts were similar (16.2 ± 4.7% vs. 21.8 ± 7.4%, respectively; p = 0.676), but the incidences of grades III‐IV aGVHD were significantly different (5.5 ± 3.1% vs. 18.9 ± 7.1%, respectively; p = 0.042). The G‐BM&PB and G‐PB cohorts displayed similar cumulative incidences of chronic GVHD (cGVHD, 49.1 ± 5.7% vs. 42.7 ± 6.8%, respectively; p = 0.465), one‐yr cumulative incidences of treatment‐related mortality (16.5 ± 3.5% vs. 24.4 ± 4.1%, respectively; p = 0.220), and five‐yr cumulative incidences of relapse (13.9 ± 4.8% vs. 26.8 ± 7.2%, respectively; p = 0.113). The five‐yr probability of leukemia‐free survival (LFS) was significantly higher in the G‐BM&PB group than in the G‐PB group (77.8 ± 5.2% vs. 57.6 ± 8.6%, respectively; p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis identified G‐PB as an independent risk factor for grades III‐IV aGVHD and LFS. Our results suggest that HLA‐identical transplantation with G‐BM&PB results in superior clinical outcomes compared with G‐PB for patients with acute leukemia.
Keep the Faith, for Christ's Sake!
Authors: Kleinhans Kathryn A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe central Lutheran doctrine of justification through faith served to critique the theology of the medieval Roman church but remains an important, though underutilized, theological resource today. The Lutheran emphasis on faith as trust in God's promise of mercy for Christ's sake is an important corrective to the contemporary culture of privatized faith, offering both a personal and a corporate relationship with a gracious God.
An Anonymous Lutheran? Can Luther's Theology Permit Salvation Outside the Church?
Authors: Mann Jeffrey 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHow accurate must one's religious beliefs be in order to qualify for saving faith? Is there salvation outside the visible church? How much room for error does God allow? For two millennia, Christians have struggled with these questions. Martin Luther insisted on a very precise understanding of the gospel for the reception of God's grace, leaving the vast majority of humanity without any possibility of entering the kingdom of heaven. This obviously has troubled a great many of his theological progeny. While his theology appears to demand such narrow parameters for the faithful, the author maintains that it is possible to retain Lutheran orthodoxy and posit salvation outside the visible church.