bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paper No S14.2: Degradation Behavior of Blue OLEDs
Authors: Jiang Xingtong , Volkert Pascal , Xu Chihao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the degradation behavior of blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Current–voltage–luminance characteristics were measured for various operational times. Analysis with respect to I–V drift and current efficiency degradation indicates that a compensation of OLED degradation may get feasible.
Paper No S16.2: See‐Through Multiaperture Near‐to‐Eye Display With Waveguide
Authors: Schreiber Peter , Lorenz Matthias , Dannberg Peter , Fuchs Frank 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe design and manufacturing of a multiaperture near‐to‐eye (N2E) display, establish design rules, and discuss relevant properties in comparison with traditional single‐aperture devices. A grating‐coupled waveguide shifts the image laterally toward the eye‐motion box and enables see‐through functionality using the zeroth diffraction order of the outcoupling grating.
Paper No S3.1: Modeling of Liquid Crystal Structures (Invited Paper)
Authors: Day Sally E. , Nie Zijun , Yang Mengyang , Fernandez F. Anibal 
Published: September 2015

AbstractModeling of nematic liquid crystal structures using the tensor method are presented for various configurations. In particular defect formation at the edges of electrodes, which depend on alignment direction have been studied, as well as droplets of cholesteric liquid crystals, where the pitch must adapt to conform to the surface alignment of the droplet and the position of the defects at the poles.
Paper No S3.4: Switchable Liquid Crystal Devices for Efficient Light Steering
Authors: Shang X. , De Smet J. , Joshi P. , Cuypers D. , Tan J. , Willekens O. , Beeckman J. , Neyts K. , Baghdasaryan T. , Vervaeke M. , Thienpont H. , De Smet H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we describe an electrically switchable light beam steering component, based on the combination of microprism structures and nematic liquid crystals, which effectively deflects both a laser beam and a collimated white light beam with a controllable steering range of 3°.
Paper No S5.2: Polymer Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Dispersions
Authors: Kemiklioglu Emine , Chien Liang‐Chy 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA polymer‐stabilized and polymer‐dispersed blue phase (PS‐PDBP) device operating at room temperature is demonstrated. The encapsulated blue phase liquid crystal droplets were formed in a polymer solution. With polymer stabilization, the blue phase temperature range of the blue phase dispersion was remarkably increased more than 53°C. In this presentation, we also describe the electro‐optical properties of the PS‐PDBP films made from different compositions.
Paper No S6.3: Photoaligned Diffractive Thin Film Polymer Polarizer to Double the Efficiency of Conventional Polarizers
Authors: Du Tao , Fan Fan , Tam Alwin Ming Wai , Zhao Chenxiang , Chigrinov V. G , Kwok H. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we disclose a novel nano‐scale photoaligned liquid crystals polymer thin film polarizer that converts ordinary nonpolarized light to polarized light with efficiency close to 100%, which aims to double the polarization efficiency of conventional polarizers. Different from the mechanisms of conventional film polarizers, which lie in either absorption or reflection and the loss is normally more than 50%, the proposed thin film polarizer is a diffractive polarizer that makes use majority of the incident light and convert it into linear or circular polarized light with minimum loss.
Paper No S7.2: Spatial Light Modulator on Glass for High Display Quality of Digital Holography
Authors: Byun Chun‐Won , Pi Jae‐Eun , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Kim Yong‐Hae , Kim GiHeon , Choi Ji‐Hun , Yang Jong‐Heon , Oh Himchan , Lee Myung‐Lae 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe successfully demonstrate a 1.89‐inch SLMoG (spatial light modulator on glass) driven by oxide BCE (back channel etch) TFTs (thin‐film transistor). It is necessary for SLM to have very fine pixel pitch and large panel size for realizing high display quality of digital holography. To confirm such technical demands, we fabricate 1.89‐inch SLMoG with 20‐μm pixel pitch, and apply ECB (electrically controlled birefringence) LC (liquid crystal) mode for light phase modulation. In this article, we report the results of demonstration and discuss technical issues of SLMoG technology.
Paper No S8.3: Content Capture and View Interpolation Algorithm for Multiview Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Jovanov Ljubomir , Luong Hiep , Philips Wilfried 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHighly realistic visualization becomes crucial in numerous applications such as: medical imaging, simulation and entertainment systems. In this article, we describe the image/video capture system aimed for autostereoscopic multiview displays, as well as view interpolation and image restoration algorithms used to enhance the image quality. We evaluate the proposed algorithms on a head tracking based stereoscopic multiview display.
Paper No S8.4: Viewpoint Image Generation for Head Tracking 3D Display Using Multicamera and Approximate Depth Information
Authors: Date Munekazu , Takada Hideaki , Kojima Akira 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA simple and high image quality method for viewpoint image synthesis is proposed. Smooth motion parallax of wide depth range objects induced by viewpoint movement for left‐and‐right and front‐and‐back directions are achieved using multicamera images and approximate depth information. It is suitable for real‐time 3D display applications.
Paper No S9.2: Segmented Electrochromic Display Demonstrator Showing Long‐Term Switching Stability
Authors: Remmele Julian , Eric Shen D. , Mustonen Tero , Fruehauf Norbert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis work describes the manufacture and performance of an electrochromic display with solution‐based processing. The presented process yields devices with very high life times of more than 100,000 cycles even when switched asymmetrically (with respect to time).
Paper No S9.4: ESHFLCS High‐Resolution Display a Better Alternative for the IPS Displays Technology
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we disclose an ESHFLC display that is characterized by the out‐standing optical quality with contrast 10k: 1, response time 10 μs, wide viewing angle, and low driving voltages. Thus, the proposed ESHFLC displays, with simpler fabrication procedure, have great potential and cloud offer better alternatives for the high‐resolution displays technology.
Thin Film Polarized Liquid Crystal Backlight
Authors: Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad , Beeckman Jeroen , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA thin polarized‐light emitting film is fabricated by aligning nanorods in an electric field and subsequent polymerization. A polarization ratio of 0.60 is obtained with this method. The thickness of the film is in the order of a few micrometer, and the method is compatible with large‐scale processing on cheap, flexible, and transparent substrates. The process can be realized in a roll‐to‐roll process as in a printing process, when one substrate is flexible and passes over a roll with electrodes.
Paper No P33: Absorption‐Scattering Based High Pitch Cholesteric Liquid Crystal (HP‐CLC): 3‐D Active Shutter and General Lighting Applications
Authors: Manna Suman K. , Sathaye Kedar , Abbas Samir , Le‐Gall Stephen , Dupont Laurent , De Bougrenet de la Tocnaye Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we exploit an absorption‐scattering based high pitch length cholesteric liquid crystal active shutter. Using the two said fundamental optical properties, we have shown the resultant impact on optical transmission (ON & OFF state) is attracting the general lighting applications. Furthermore, the potential to be used as 3‐D active optical shutter has been endorsed.
Trajectories of BMI and internalizing symptoms: Associations across adolescence
Authors: Ames Megan E. , Wintre Maxine G. , Flora David B. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the longitudinal relations between body mass index (BMI) and internalizing symptoms among youth ages 10–17. Adolescents were selected from Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Latent growth curve modeling was used to investigate: 1) whether initial level (at age 10) or change in BMI were associated with changes in internalizing symptoms; and, 2) whether initial level or change in internalizing symptoms were associated with changes in BMI across adolescence. Associations between trajectories differed for boys and girls. Boys who started out with higher BMI experienced more internalizing symptoms across early‐ to mid‐adolescence, but not more depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 17. For girls, there was a bidirectional relation between BMI and internalizing symptoms which persisted into later adolescence. Results suggest the bidirectional relation between BMI and internalizing symptoms is more salient for girls than for boys.
The Infinitely Iterated Labyrinth: Conceivability and Higher-Order Knowledge
Authors: WILKINS SHANE MAXWELL 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:Some time ago I wrote a paper about conceivability and knowledge. An anonymous referee rejected it on the grounds that the result had already been established in a short story by Jorge Luis Borges. Intrigued, I looked for the story but found no mention of it in Louis and Ziche's extensive bibliography. I spent months consulting archives and electronic records to no avail. I had begun to doubt whether the story even existed when I had the curious good luck to encounter Sir Thomas Browne of Pembroke College, Oxford, who assured me of the piece's authenticity and introduced me to Brother Christian Rosenkreuz of Invisible College who in turn generously put me into correspondence with Borges himself. The literary defects in what follows reflect not a diminution of Borges's undoubted power as a storyteller, but merely my limited ability as an amateur translator. Whatever the translation's literary faults may be, I hope the story's philosophical interest—i.e., an argument that ideal conceivers have higher-order knowledge of necessary truths—remains. [Trans.]
Persistence and Properties
Authors: SHOEMAKER SYDNEY 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:If for every portion of space-time there is an object composed of its contents, four-dimensionalism will be true of these objects. But ordinary objects—trees, stones, persons, etc.—are not among these objects (although the series of events that make up their careers will be). The properties of ordinary objects, including sortal properties, are temporally local and have causal profiles that incorporate transtemporal persistence conditions of the things that have them, and this supports a rejection of four-dimensionalism in favor of three-dimensionalism as an account of the nature of these ordinary objects. Also rejected is the stage theory that takes ordinary objects to be momentary stages (whose transtemporal sameness is not identity), and the argument (of Katherine Hawley) that holds that stage theory is supported by the fact that there can be cases in which it is indeterminate whether the same thing exists at different times.
Trust, Trustworthiness, and the Moral Consequence of Consistency
Authors: D'CRUZ JASON 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:Situationists such as John Doris, Gilbert Harman, and Maria Merritt suppose that appeal to reliable behavioral dispositions can be dispensed with without radical revision to morality as we know it. This paper challenges this supposition, arguing that abandoning hope in reliable dispositions rules out genuine trust and forces us to suspend core reactive attitudes of gratitude and resentment, esteem and indignation. By examining situationism through the lens of trust we learn something about situationism (in particular, the radically revisionary moral implications of its adoption) as well as something about trust (in particular, that the conditions necessary for genuine trust include a belief in a capacity for robust dispositions).
Short Operative Duration and Surgical Site Infection Risk in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Procedures
Authors: Dicks Kristen V. , Baker Arthur W. , Durkin Michael J. , Anderson Deverick J. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Chen Luke F. , Sexton Daniel J. , Weber David J. , Lewis Sarah S. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVETo determine the association (1) between shorter operative duration and surgical site infection (SSI) and (2) between surgeon median operative duration and SSI risk among first-time hip and knee arthroplasties.DESIGNRetrospective cohort studySETTINGA total of 43 community hospitals located in the southeastern United States.PATIENTSAdults who developed SSIs according to National Healthcare Safety Network criteria within 365 days of first-time knee or hip arthroplasties performed between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012.METHODSLog-binomial regression models estimated the association (1) between operative duration and SSI outcome and (2) between surgeon median operative duration and SSI outcome. Hip and knee arthroplasties were evaluated in separate models. Each model was adjusted for American Society of Anesthesiology score and patient age.RESULTSA total of 25,531 hip arthroplasties and 42,187 knee arthroplasties were included in the study. The risk of SSI in knee arthroplasties with an operative duration shorter than the 25th percentile was 0.40 times the risk of SSI in knee arthroplasties with an operative duration between the 25th and 75th percentile (risk ratio [RR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.56; P<.01). Short operative duration did not demonstrate significant association with SSI for hip arthroplasties (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.79–1.37; P=.36). Knee arthroplasty surgeons with shorter median operative durations had a lower risk of SSI than surgeons with typical median operative durations (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.64; P<.01).CONCLUSIONSShort operative durations were not associated with a higher SSI risk for knee or hip arthroplasty procedures in our analysis.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1431–1436
The beneficial effects of berries on cognition, motor behaviour and neuronal function in ageing
Authors: Shukitt-Hale Barbara , Bielinski Donna F. , Lau Francis C. , Willis Lauren M. , Carey Amanda N. , Joseph James A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPreviously, it has been shown that strawberry (SB) or blueberry (BB) supplementations, when fed to rats from 19 to 21 months of age, reverse age-related decrements in motor and cognitive performance. We have postulated that these effects may be the result of a number of positive benefits of the berry polyphenols, including decreased stress signalling, increased neurogenesis, and increased signals involved in learning and memory. Thus, the present study was carried out to examine these mechanisms in aged animals by administering a control, 2 % SB- or 2 % BB-supplemented diet to aged Fischer 344 rats for 8 weeks to ascertain their effectiveness in reversing age-related deficits in behavioural and neuronal function. The results showed that rats consuming the berry diets exhibited enhanced motor performance and improved cognition, specifically working memory. In addition, the rats supplemented with BB and SB diets showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, although the improvements in working memory performance could not solely be explained by these increases. The diverse polyphenolics in these berry fruits may have additional mechanisms of action that could account for their relative differences in efficacy.
Nietzsche, Cosmodicy, and the Saintly Ideal
Authors: McPherson David 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this essay I examine Nietzsche's shifting understanding of the saintly ideal with an aim to bringing out its philosophical importance, particularly with respect to what I call the problem of ‘cosmodicy’, i.e., the problem of justifying life in the world as worthwhile in light of the prevalent reality of suffering. In his early account Nietzsche understood the saint as embodying the supreme achievement of a self-transcending ‘feeling of oneness and identity with all living things’, while in his later account he viewed the saint as a representative of an unhealthy, life-denying ‘ascetic ideal’. This shift, I contend, is due in large part to Nietzsche's development of an ‘ethic of power’ as part of his turn against Schopenhauer's ethic of compassion, which needs to be seen in light of his ongoing effort to articulate and defend an adequate cosmodicy. My ultimate aim in this essay is to read the earlier Nietzsche against the later Nietzsche – with the help of Dostoevsky's novelistic depiction of the saintly ideal – and to suggest that when properly articulated the saintly ideal is able to provide a more adequate cosmodicy than that which is offered in Nietzsche's ethic of power.
A review of published and unpublished surveys of a red-listed ‘flagship species’, the Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: AWAN MUHAMMAD NAEEM , BUNER FRANCIS , KINGDON NEVILLE 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWe review all available information from previously published and unpublished material including peer-reviewed papers, technical reports, field progress reports and information from local communities and hunters on the globally threatened ‘flagship species’ Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan. Based on these data we summarise the species’ currently confirmed distribution in AJ&K, its minimum confirmed population size and highlight possible first signs of range contraction outside protected areas. We then use a simple ArcGIS habitat model to predict the species’ actual distribution in AJ&K and its potential population size. Depending on the chosen criteria for habitat suitability, the estimated maximum number of Western Tragopan in AJ&K ranges between 1,875 and 3,760 adult individuals. Given that AJ&K represents c.30% of the global distribution of the species, the current population estimate of 5,000 (BirdLife International 2014) might need reconsideration. We further illustrate the importance of critical literature reviews for little-known globally threatened species such as the Western Tragopan without which red list assessments can be at risk of relying on biased data which may easily lead to incorrect conclusions.
A corporate-crime perspective on fisheries: liability rules and non-compliance
Authors: Jensen Frank , Nøstbakken Linda 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe existing fisheries economics literature analyzes compliance problems by treating the fishing firm as one cohesive unit, but in many cases violations are committed by agents acting on behalf of a firm. To account for this, we analyze the principal–agent relationship within the fishing firm. In the case where the firm directly benefits from illegal fishing, the firm must induce its crew to violate regulations through the incentive scheme. Within this framework, we analyze how the allocation of liability between fishing firms and crew affects quota violations and the ability to design a socially efficient fisheries policy. We show that without wage frictions, it does not matter who is held liable. However, under the commonly used share systems of remuneration, crew liability generally yields a more efficient outcome than firm liability. Furthermore, asset restrictions may affect the outcome under various liability rules.
Activity and interactions of methane seep microorganisms assessed by parallel transcription and FISH-NanoSIMS analyses
Authors: Dekas Anne E , Connon Stephanie A , Chadwick Grayson L , Trembath-Reichert Elizabeth , Orphan Victoria J 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
To characterize the activity and interactions of methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and Deltaproteobacteria at a methane-seeping mud volcano, we used two complimentary measures of microbial activity: a community-level analysis of the transcription of four genes (16S rRNA, methyl coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA), adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase α-subunit (aprA), dinitrogenase reductase (nifH)), and a single-cell-level analysis of anabolic activity using fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled to nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (FISH-NanoSIMS). Transcript analysis revealed that members of the deltaproteobacterial groups Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus (DSS) and Desulfobulbaceae (DSB) exhibit increased rRNA expression in incubations with methane, suggestive of ANME-coupled activity. Direct analysis of anabolic activity in DSS cells in consortia with ANME by FISH-NanoSIMS confirmed their dependence on methanotrophy, with no 15NH4+ assimilation detected without methane. In contrast, DSS and DSB cells found physically independent of ANME (i.e., single cells) were anabolically active in incubations both with and without methane. These single cells therefore comprise an active ‘free-living’ population, and are not dependent on methane or ANME activity. We investigated the possibility of N2 fixation by seep Deltaproteobacteria and detected nifH transcripts closely related to those of cultured diazotrophic Deltaproteobacteria. However, nifH expression was methane-dependent. 15N2 incorporation was not observed in single DSS cells, but was detected in single DSB cells. Interestingly, 15N2 incorporation in single DSB cells was methane-dependent, raising the possibility that DSB cells acquired reduced 15N products from diazotrophic ANME while spatially coupled, and then subsequently dissociated. With this combined data set we address several outstanding questions in methane seep microbial ecosystems and highlight the benefit of measuring microbial activity in the context of spatial associations.
Stochastic distribution of small soil eukaryotes resulting from high dispersal and drift in a local environment
Authors: Bahram Mohammad , Kohout Petr , Anslan Sten , Harend Helery , Abarenkov Kessy , Tedersoo Leho 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A central challenge in ecology is to understand the relative importance of processes that shape diversity patterns. Compared with aboveground biota, little is known about spatial patterns and processes in soil organisms. Here we examine the spatial structure of communities of small soil eukaryotes to elucidate the underlying stochastic and deterministic processes in the absence of environmental gradients at a local scale. Specifically, we focus on the fine-scale spatial autocorrelation of prominent taxonomic and functional groups of eukaryotic microbes. We collected 123 soil samples in a nested design at distances ranging from 0.01 to 64 m from three boreal forest sites and used 454 pyrosequencing analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer for detecting Operational Taxonomic Units of major eukaryotic groups simultaneously. Among the main taxonomic groups, we found significant but weak spatial variability only in the communities of Fungi and Rhizaria. Within Fungi, ectomycorrhizas and pathogens exhibited stronger spatial structure compared with saprotrophs and corresponded to vegetation. For the groups with significant spatial structure, autocorrelation occurred at a very fine scale (&lt;2 m). Both dispersal limitation and environmental selection had a weak effect on communities as reflected in negative or null deviation of communities, which was also supported by multivariate analysis, that is, environment, spatial processes and their shared effects explained on average &lt;10% of variance. Taken together, these results indicate a random distribution of soil eukaryotes with respect to space and environment in the absence of environmental gradients at the local scale, reflecting the dominant role of drift and homogenizing dispersal.