bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Intervention With Intranasal NPY Prevents Single Prolonged Stress-Triggered Impairments in Hypothalamus and Ventral Hippocampus in Male Rats
Authors: Laukova Marcela , Alaluf Lishay G. , Serova Lidia I. , Arango Victoria , Sabban Esther L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntranasal administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a promising treatment strategy to reduce traumatic stress-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We evaluated the potential of intranasal NPY to prevent dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a core neuroendocrine feature of PTSD. Rats were exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS), a PTSD animal model, and infused intranasally with vehicle or NPY immediately after SPS stressors. After 7 days undisturbed, hypothalamus and hippocampus, 2 structures regulating the HPA axis activity, were examined for changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and CRH expression. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone, and hypothalamic CRH mRNA, were significantly higher in the vehicle but not NPY-treated group, compared with unstressed controls. Although total GR levels were not altered in hypothalamus, a significant decrease of GR phosphorylated on Ser232 and increased FK506-binding protein 5 mRNA were observed with the vehicle but not in animals infused with intranasal NPY. In contrast, in the ventral hippocampus, only vehicle-treated animals demonstrated elevated GR protein expression and increased GR phosphorylation on Ser232, specifically in the nuclear fraction. Additionally, SPS-induced increase of CRH mRNA in the ventral hippocampus was accompanied by apparent decrease of CRH peptide particularly in the CA3 subfield, both prevented by NPY. The results show that early intervention with intranasal NPY can prevent traumatic stress-triggered dysregulation of the HPA axis likely by restoring HPA axis proper negative feedback inhibition via GR. Thus, intranasal NPY has a potential as a noninvasive therapy to prevent negative effects of traumatic stress.
β-Cell Induction In Vivo in Severely Diabetic Male Mice by Changing the Circulating Levels and Pattern of the Ratios of Estradiol to Androgens
Authors: Inada Akari , Inada Oogi , Fujii Nobuharu L. , Fujishima Kei , Inai Tetsuichiro , Fujii Hiroshi , Sueishi Katsuo , Kurachi Kotoku 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Previously we have generated transgenic (Tg) mice developing severe diabetes early in life with a profound depletion of β-cells with β-cell-directed expression of inducible cAMP early repressor-Iγ. Only male mice continue to demonstrate hyperglycemia throughout life. To investigate this sexual dimorphism, we treated severely diabetic male Tg mice with orchiectomy (ORX) or 17β-estradiol (E2) pellet implantation alone or in combination with ORX and E2-implantation to change the circulating levels and patterns of the ratio of estradiol to androgens. In the Tg-ORX group, the blood-glucose levels decreased to a certain level within several weeks but never reached the female Tg-control level. In contrast, the Tg-ORX+E2 or Tg-E2 group showed a more rapid drop in blood glucose to the basal level with a substantial increase in β-cells, thus preventing the occurrence of severe diabetes in the male mice. The β-cells, not only within islet but also in and adjacent to ducts and scattered β-cell clusters, were strongly induced by 1 week after treatment, and the islet morphology dramatically changed. Enhanced β-cell induction in the ducts occurred concomitantly with markedly increased levels of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 and related transcription factors. The glucose-lowering and β-cell-increasing effects were independent of the age at which the treatment is started. These data provide evidence that the circulating level of E2 and the ratio of E2 to T greatly affect the blood glucose levels, the β-cell induction, and the islet morphology in diabetic male Tg mice. This novel mechanism offers great potential for developing strategies to increase the number of β-cells in vivo.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Effects on Maternal Glycemic Control and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Fan , Lv Lijuan , Liang Zhijiang , Wang Yi , Wen Jiying , Lin Xiaohong , Zhou Yuheng , Mai Caiyuan , Niu Jianmin 
Published: July 2014

Context:Clinical evidence on the consequential effects of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scarcely available.Objective:Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of CGM on maternal glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM .Patients:In total, 340 Chinese pregnant women with GDM were allocated to either the routine care group (n = 190) or the CGM group (n =150).Design and Setting:This was a prospective cohort study in the Department of Obstetrics of GuangDong Women and Children Hospital in China. Recruitment started in April 2011 and stopped in August 2012.Interventions:A 72-hour CGM system was used as a supplementary tool for glucose monitoring in the CGM group.Primary Outcome Measurements:The parameters of glycemic variability included mean blood glucose, the SD of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGEs), and the mean of daily differences. The maternal outcomes (preeclampsia and cesarean delivery) and composite neonatal outcomes were analyzed.Results:The SD of blood glucose, MAGEs, and mean of daily differences values were significantly lower in the CGM group compared with those of the routine care group (P &lt; .001). Subjects in the CGM group were at lower risk of preeclampsia and primary cesarean delivery compared with the routine care group (P &lt; .05). The mean infant birth weight of women in the CGM group was lower than infants of women in the routine care group (P &lt; .001). The MAGE was associated with birth weight (β = 0.196, P &lt; .001), and it was an independent factor for preeclampsia (odds ratio, 3.66; 95% confidence interval 2.16–6.20) and composite neonatal outcome (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.77).Conclusions:The use of supplementary CGM combined with routine antenatal care can improve the glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes of patients with GDM.
TSH Levels and Risk of Miscarriage in Women on Long-Term Levothyroxine: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Taylor Peter N. , Minassian Caroline , Rehman Anis , Iqbal Ahmed , Draman Mohd Shazli , Hamilton William , Dunlop Diana , Robinson Anthony , Vaidya Bijay , Lazarus John H. , Thomas Sara , Dayan Colin M. , Okosieme Onyebuchi E. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Context:
Thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes, but there is limited information on pregnancy outcomes in women established on levothyroxine.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between TSH levels and pregnancy outcomes in levothyroxine-treated women in a large community-based database.

Design:
This was a historical cohort analysis.

Patients:
Individuals with a first prescription of levothyroxine from 2001 through 2009 (n = 55 501) were identified from the UK General Practice Research Database (population 5 million). Of these, we identified 7978 women of child-bearing age (18–45 y) and 1013 pregnancies in which levothyroxine had been initiated at least 6 months before conception.

Main Outcome Measures:
TSH, miscarriage/delivery status, and obstetric outcomes were measured.

Results:
Forty-six percent of levothyroxine-treated women aged 18–45 years had a TSH level greater than 2.5mU/L (recommended upper level in the first trimester). Among pregnant women who had their TSH measured in the first trimester, 62.8% had a TSH level greater than 2.5 mU/L, with 7.4% greater than 10 mU/L. Women with TSH greater than 2.5 mU/L in the first trimester had an increased risk of miscarriage compared with women with TSH 0.2–2.5 mU/L after adjusting for age, year of pregnancy, diabetes, and social class (P = .008). The risk of miscarriage was increased in women with TSH 4.51–10 mU/L [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 3.14)] and TSH greater than 10 mU/L (OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.87, 8.37) but not with TSH 2.51–4.5 mU/L (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.61, 1.93).

Conclusions:
The majority of levothyroxine-treated women have early gestational TSH levels above the recommended targets (&gt;2.5 mU/L) with a strong risk of miscarriage at levels exceeding 4.5 mU/L. There is an urgent need to improve the adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement in early pregnancy.
Pedagogy of Constructivism: From Idea to Technology
Authors: Бершадский  , Bershadskiy Mikhail 
Published: July 2014

The paper considers how to design educational technologies, based on ideas of constructivist pedagogy. J. Piaget’s and G. Kelly’s writings show that
educational outcomes emerge as structures in the form of mental representations, which learners have to construct in the course of active cognitive
activities. Recommendations on how to organize educational process, developed by constructivist educators on the basis of these ideas, can be useful in
designing educational technologies. The paper examines J. Piaget’s and G. Kelly’s writings and reveals limitations and inner contradictoriness inherent
in mechanism of self-constructing mental representations. The author provides arguments refuting that recommendations of constructivist pedagogy
result from the moderate constructivism ideas. Moreover, these recommendations are inconsistent with the logic of cognitive experience gaining which
results from theories of cognitive load and human cognitive architecture. These recommendations also lack operationality, needed for the educational
process to be reproduced. Thus the paper concludes, constructivist pedagogy cannot be used as a basis for designing educational technologies.
About the Role of Artistic and Pedagogical Analysis of Art Works
Authors: Руднева  , Rudneva Olga 
Published: July 2014

With respect to current thinking on goals and objectives of modern education the paper highlights philosophic, methodological and mindset-based
approaches to analyzing works of art in the context of artistic education. The author articulates certain propositions, emphasizing importance of
analyzing works of art within case studies as one of the essential conditions for learners to socialize.
The occurrence of emotional problems in somatic diseases based on psychodermatology
Authors: Makara-Studzińska Marta , Partyka Iwona , Ziemecki Piotr , Ziemecka Anna 
Published: July 2014

Aim of the studyThe aim of this study is to present selected aspects of psychosocial problems in chronic somatic diseases based on the example of dermatology with an impact on psoriasis as a model type of psychodermatological disease. This review does not include the theoretical basis for somatization as the issue exceeds the size of this article.Subject or material and methodsThe analysis of present literature related to the subject.ResultsConfirmed the connection between emotional problems and the course of an illness and proved the usefulness of psychodermatology in improving the quality of life of patients with chronic skin diseases.DiscussionComparison of demographically and culturally varied groups. The use of different research methods evokes the need of unification.ConclusionsRelation between emotional factors and the course of psychosomatic disease is unquestionable and mutual. Promising trends include social support, multidisciplinary care and creating adequate tools for assessment of emotional problems in psychosomatic problems and practical use. Developing research tendencies compare impairment in dermatological problems with other somatic disease.
Drop-out in the systemic therapy from the family’s perspective.
Authors: Chwal Martyna , Jurek Joanna , Janusz Bernadetta , de Barbaro Bogdan 
Published: July 2014

Aim of the studyThe problem of premature ending of therapy is a common phenomenon and is taken under consideration as closely related to effectiveness of therapy. The crucial aim of presented study was to investigate how members of a family interpret this phenomenon.Subject or material and methodsThe research was based on interviews with drop-out clients who had participated in systematic couple therapy. The qualitative data was analyzed using the four stages methodology of grounded theory. The program used to code the data was Weft QDA.ResultsThe result pointed out, that drop-out from therapy is a procesual phenomenon and is connected with: a context of application, a kind of relationship between partners, an assessment of therapy. It was confirmed in the research group that the level of satisfaction from effects of therapy was related to premature termination.DiscussionThe research indicated how consequences of drop-out can affect the family system.ConclusionsThe high frequency of positive emotions and opinions occurring in drop-out context shows that drop-out phenomenon should not be considered only as a therapeutic failure.
A survey of physiotherapy students’ experiences and attitudes towards treating individuals with mental illness
Authors: Dandridge Tamara , Stubbs Brendon , Roskell Carolyn , Soundy Andrew 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Very few research articles have considered the views and attitudes of student physiotherapists towards treating individuals with a mental illness (MI). Therefore, this study's objective was to consider the experiences and attitudes of student physiotherapists towards treating individuals with MI. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort design was used. One hundred and eighty one physiotherapy undergraduate degree students at UK institutions participated in the survey. The survey had been specifically designed for this study, and contained a mixture of open and closed questions. Results: Seventy one per cent (123/173) of the students were exposed to less than 4 hours teaching time about MI, and 76% (131/173) wanted further education on MI. Students were concerned about limited knowledge of MI conditions and how to approach patients who have a MI. A summary of the specific concerns of students is identified within the text. Conclusions: Further education about MI is required to give students greater confidence in treating patients who have an MI. Education would also likely benefit some students who identify negative characteristics of patients with MI.
Eccentric exercise therapy in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome: A critical review
Authors: Dervey Emily , Marshall Sophia , Rouse Simon , Bernhardsson Susanne , Camargo Paula Rezende , McVeigh Joseph G 
Published: July 2014

Aim: This critical review explores the current evidence underpinning eccentric exercise therapy in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). Method: A critical review method was used. Four large databases, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SportDiscus and Pubmed, as well as the PEDro and Cochrane electronic libraries were searched. The search terms ‘subacromial impingement’ or ‘SAI’ or ‘shoulder impingement’ and ‘eccentric exercises’ or ‘eccentric loading’ or ‘eccentrics’ were used. All available studies were marked against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria, two of which were RCTs, one a case series, one a single subject A–B experimental design and one a pilot study. Similarities in the nature of the eccentric exercise programmes in these five studies included the exercise regime. Commonly, these studies’ exercise regimes followed three sets of 15 repetitions, twice each day for 2 months, and the resistance was either hand weights or resistance bands, and used the pain monitoring model as a measure of readiness to progress resistance. Main differences in the programmes were the arm position chosen for performance of the exercises and the shoulder muscle groups targeted. Conclusions: Although there is a clinical consensus, which would appear to support the above regime, there is limited empirical evidence. Therefore, more research on such areas as the best arm position and exercise regime is required. In addition, while the pain-monitoring model appears to be supported clinically; again, further empirical evidence is needed before it can be recommended as a means of monitoring readiness for exercise progression. More research is needed to determine the best arm position and exercise regime for optimum results.
The inwardly rectifying K+ channel KIR7.1 controls uterine excitability throughout pregnancy
Authors: McCloskey Conor , Rada Cara , Bailey Elizabeth , McCavera Samantha , van den Berg Hugo A , Atia Jolene , Rand David A , Shmygol Anatoly , Chan Yi‐Wah , Quenby Siobhan , Brosens Jan J , Vatish Manu , Zhang Jie , Denton Jerod S , Taggart Michael J , Kettleborough Catherine , Tickle David , Jerman Jeff , Wright Paul , Dale Timothy , Kanumilli Srinivasan , Trezise Derek J , Thornton Steve , Brown Pamela , Catalano Roberto , Lin Nan , England Sarah K , Blanks Andrew M 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAbnormal uterine activity in pregnancy causes a range of important clinical disorders, including preterm birth, dysfunctional labour and post‐partum haemorrhage. Uterine contractile patterns are controlled by the generation of complex electrical signals at the myometrial smooth muscle plasma membrane. To identify novel targets to treat conditions associated with uterine dysfunction, we undertook a genome‐wide screen of potassium channels that are enriched in myometrial smooth muscle. Computational modelling identified Kir7.1 as potentially important in regulating uterine excitability during pregnancy. We demonstrate Kir7.1 current hyper‐polarizes uterine myocytes and promotes quiescence during gestation. Labour is associated with a decline, but not loss, of Kir7.1 expression. Knockdown of Kir7.1 by lentiviral expression of miRNA was sufficient to increase uterine contractile force and duration significantly. Conversely, overexpression of Kir7.1 inhibited uterine contractility. Finally, we demonstrate that the Kir7.1 inhibitor VU590 as well as novel derivative compounds induces profound, long‐lasting contractions in mouse and human myometrium; the activity of these inhibitors exceeds that of other uterotonic drugs. We conclude Kir7.1 regulates the transition from quiescence to contractions in the pregnant uterus and may be a target for therapies to control uterine contractility.
Systemic effects of intratympanic dexamethasone therapy
Authors: Novoa Eva , Gärtner Marcel , Henzen Christoph 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the possible systemic effects of intratympanic dexamethasone (IT-Dex) on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation, and bone metabolism.DesignA prospective cohort study including 30 adult patients of a tertiary referral ENT clinic treated with 9.6 mg IT-Dex over a period of 10 days was carried out.MethodsEffects on plasma and salivary cortisol concentrations (basal and after low-dose (1 μg) ACTH stimulation), peripheral white blood cell count, and biomarkers for bone turnover were measured before (day 0) and after IT-Dex (day 16). Additional measurements for bone turnover were performed 5 months after therapy. Clinical information and medication with possible dexamethasone interaction were recorded.ResultsIT-Dex was well tolerated, and no effect was detected on the HPA axis (stimulated plasma and salivary cortisol concentration on day 0: 758±184 and 44.5±22.0 nmol/l; day 16: 718±154 and 39.8±12.4 nmol/l; P=0.58 and 0.24 respectively). Concentrations of osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) did not differ after dexamethasone (OC on days 0 and 16 respectively: 24.1±10.5 and 23.6±8.8 μg/l; BSAP on day 0, 16, and after 5 months respectively: 11.5±4.2, 10.3±3.4, and 12.6±5.06 μg/l); similarly, there was no difference in the peripheral white blood cell count (5.7×1012/l and 6.1×1012/l on days 0 and 16 respectively).ConclusionsIT-Dex therapy did not interfere with endogenous cortisol secretion or bone metabolism.
Re‐characterization of Some Factors Influencing Aerosol Sampling in the Workplace: Results from Field Studies
Authors: Hu Fengxia , Wang Limin , Wang Zhenglun , Liang Jiaojun , Li Jichao , Mao Geshi , Yi Gulin , Zhao Lei , Wu Jiabing , Koob Michael , Chen Weihong , Dahmann Dirk , Yang Lei 
Published: July 2014

Re‐characterization of Some Factors Influencing Aerosol Sampling in the Workplace: Results from Field Studies: Fengxia HU, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China—ObjectiveWorkplace aerosol sampling is challenged by its influencing factors and methodological limitations. Some factors, including blank setting, electrostatic effect, sample mass gain, and limit of detection (LOD), were studied to characterize them further and thereby to improve the sampling method.MethodsThrough a field sampling in two shipyards and by an analysis of a large amount of dust data from different industries, the influencing factors were comparatively studied with emphasis on their effect on the final result.ResultsAfter calibration with field blanks, the concentrations of most sample types in the shipyards decreased significantly, varying by as much as −24.3% of the final measurements. After laboratory blank calibration, dust concentrations increased or decreased without a definite change trend. With a variation of −1.8%, only the measurements of Chinese “total dust” sampled with polypropylene filters were significantly influenced by the electrostatic effect. The LOD coincidence rate was only 17.3% for American respirable dust in different industries and 12.2% for respirable particles collected by normal flow rate samplers (FSP2) in the shipyards. The latter increased to 73.9% when high flow samplers (FSP10) were used.ConclusionsIt was suggested that field blank calibration was the predominant influencing factor in comparison with electrostatic effect and laboratory blank adjustment. The LOD coincidence rate was too low for reliable sampling, and this might be improved by use of high flow samplers.
A Method for Routine Analysis of Urinary 4,4′‐methylenebis (2‐chloroaniline) by Gas Chromatography‐Electron Capture Detection
Authors: Takeuchi Akito , Namera Akira , Sakui Norihiro , Yamamuro Kenji , Kawai Toshio , Sumino Kimiaki 
Published: July 2014

A Method for Routine Analysis of Urinary 4,4‘‐methylenebis (2‐chloroaniline) by Gas Chroma‐tography‐Electron Capture Detection: Akito TAKEU‐CHI, et al. Osaka Occupational Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association—ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop a simple and cost‐effective method for the determination of urinary 4,4‘‐methylenebis (2‐chloroaniline) (MBOCA) by gas chromatography‐electron capture detection (GC‐ECD) for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to MBOCA.MethodsMBOCA was prepared by liquidliquid extraction after alkaline hydrolysis, derivatized with N‐methyl‐bis (trifluoroacetamide) and then analyzed using GC‐ECD. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration guidance.ResultsThe calibration curve showed linearity in the range 1–100 μg/l, with a correlation coefficient of >0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.3 μg/l and 1 μg/l, respectively. The recovery was 94−99%. Intraday accuracy, expressed as the deviation from the nominal value, was 90.5−100.3%, and intraday precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation, was 0.3−2.4%. Interday accuracy and precision were 87.8−100.2% and 0.3−4.1%, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed method is a simple and cost‐effective method suitable for routine analyses and could be useful for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to MBOCA.