bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine contrarily affect the induction of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Leucht Katharina , Fischbeck Anne , Caj Michaela , Liebisch Gerhard , Hartlieb Eva , Benes Petr , Fried Michael , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Rogler Gerhard , Hausmann Martin 
Published: October 2013

ScopeThe major alimentary sources for the plasma membrane lipid sphingomyelin (SM) are dairy products, eggs, and meat. We recently reported that the SM metabolite ceramide induces cathepsin D mediated apoptosis in murine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and increases inflammation in acute colitis. We investigated the impact of SM and phosphatidylcholine on apoptosis in human IECs and point out BH3‐interacting death agonist (BID) as link between cathepsin D and apoptosis.Methods and resultsHT‑29 and isolated human IECs were stimulated with SM or phosphatidylcholine. SM treatment resulted in increased apoptosis. Phosphatidylcholine showed contrary effects. Western revealed higher amounts of cathepsin D and BID activation upon lipid stimulation. Western blotting revealed BID activation through SM in both an induced and a spontaneous mouse model of colitis.ConclusionDietary phospholipids may induce or abolish apoptosis in IECs and seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. This nutritional factor might be considered when evaluating the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Effects of SMase‐ and SM treatment on inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium induced animal models of colitis and in vitro experiments are discussed as controversial. Variable sources of SM, feeding techniques, and mouse strains might play a role.
Shoulder strength profiles in children with and without brachial PLEXUS PALSY
Authors: Brochard Sylvain , Alter Katharine , Damiano Diane 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We characterized bilateral shoulder strength and the balance of antagonist/agonist muscle pairs in children with brachial plexus palsy (BPP) and with typical development (TD). Methods: In 15 children with unilateral BPP and 11 with TD, bilateral maximal isometric shoulder strength in flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, and abduction/adduction was recorded using a hand‐held dynamometer. Correlation between strength and active range of motion were evaluated using the Mallet score. Results: Children with BPP had strength asymmetry in all muscles, whereas children with TD had significant strength asymmetry for flexors and abductors. In children with BPP, extensors and external rotators were the weakest muscles, leading to sagittal and transverse plane muscle imbalances. Higher strength values were related to better active range of motion. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of documenting shoulder strength profiles in children with BPP which may help predict deformity development. Muscle Nerve 50: 60–66, 2014
Parental attitudes toward newborn screening for Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Wood Molly F. , Hughes Sarah C. , Hache Lauren P. , Naylor Edwin W. , Abdel‐Hamid Hoda Z. , Barmada M. Michael , Dobrowolski Steven F. , Stickler David E. , Clemens Paula R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Disease inclusion in the newborn screening (NBS) panel should consider the opinions of those most affected by the outcome of screening. We assessed the level and factors that affect parent attitudes regarding NBS panel inclusion of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: The attitudes toward NBS for DMD, BMD, and SMA were surveyed and compared for 2 categories of parents, those with children affected with DMD, BMD, or SMA and expectant parents unselected for known family medical history. Results: The level of support for NBS for DMD, BMD, and SMA was 95.9% among parents of children with DMD, BMD, or SMA and 92.6% among expectant parents. Conclusions: There was strong support for NBS for DMD, BMD, and SMA in both groups of parents. Given advances in diagnostics and promising therapeutic approaches, discussion of inclusion in NBS should continue. Muscle Nerve 49: 822–828, 2014
Adapting Cognitive Interviewing for Nursing Research
Authors: Izumi Shigeko , Vandermause Roxanne , Benavides‐Vaello Sandra 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCognitive interviewing (CI) has been used by instrument developers to examine how well an instrument generates the intended data when tested with prospective respondents. In using CI to test a new instrument to measure patients' perceptions of the quality of nursing care, the authors found challenges in applying a theory‐based traditional CI approach derived from experimental psychology to more clinically oriented nursing research. The purposes of this article are to describe these challenges and the modifications of CI to capture the nursing care perspectives of hospitalized participants, and to present interpretive phenomenology as a theoretical orientation for clinically situated CI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 623–633, 2013
Mask‐free prototyping of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor devices utilizing focused electron beam induced deposition
Authors: Shawrav Mostafa Moonir , Wanzenboeck Heinz D. , Belic Domagoj , Gavagnin Marco , Bethge Ole , Schinnerl Markus , Bertagnolli Emmerich 
Published: October 2013

Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is a novel direct‐writing technique to produce noble metal nanostructures. In this work, FEBID has been employed for the first time to fabricate metal‐oxide‐semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs). Experimental parameters such as precursor temperature, substrate temperature and the (de)focus of the electron beam have been optimized to deposit electrode structures of a relatively large area within a short timeframe. Using FEBID, gold electrodes have been deposited on top of an atomic layer deposited (ALD) dielectric aluminum oxide layer. Chemical composition of the produced structures has been studied using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Current–voltage (I–V) measurements have confirmed the conductivity of FEBID gold nanowires (NWs). Measured capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of FEBID‐fabricated MOSCAP prototypes resemble the typical C–V characteristics of conventionally fabricated MOSCAPs, thus confirming the functionality of our FEBID devices.Illustration of a MOS capacitor fabricated by FEBID.
Forty years of molecular electronics: Non‐equilibrium heat and charge transport at the nanoscale
Authors: Bergfield Justin P. , Ratner Mark A. 
Published: October 2013

The“Quo Vadis?”meeting in Bremen (March 2013) was a spectacular opportunity for people involved in molecular electronics to catch up on the latest, to think back, and to project into the future. This manuscript is divided into two halves. In the first half, we address some of the history and where the field has advanced in the areas of measuring, modeling, making, and understanding materials. We review some big ideas that have animated the field of molecular electronics since its beginning, and are at the height of interest and accomplishment at the moment. Then, we discuss six major areas where the field is evolving, and in which we expect to see very exciting work in the years and decades ahead. As a representative of one of the neer themes, the second half of the paper is devoted to molecular thermoelectrics. It contains some formalism, some results, some experimental comparison, and some intriguing conceptual questions, both for pure science and for device applications.An artist's rendition of a self‐assembled monolayer of polyphenylether molecules on Au contacted by a Au STM.
Molecular mechanism of oxidative damage of lung in mice following exposure to lanthanum chloride
Authors: Hong Jie , Pan Xiaoyu , Zhao Xiaoyang , Yu Xiaohong , Sang Xuezi , Sheng Lei , Wang Xuecen , Gui Suxin , Sun Qingqing , Wang Ling , Hong Fashui 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTExposure to lanthanoids (Ln) elicits an adverse response such as oxidative injury of lung in animals and human. The molecular targets of Ln remain unclear. In the present study, the function and signal pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LaCl3‐induced oxidative stress in mouse lung were investigated. Mice were exposed to 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight by nasal administration for 6 consecutive months. With increased doses, La was markedly accumulated and promoted the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the lung, which in turn resulted in peroxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA, and severe pulmonary damages. Furthermore, LaCl3 exposure could significantly increase levels of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) and glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expressions in the LaCl3‐exposed lung. These findings imply that the induction of Nrf2 expression is an adaptive intracellular response to LaCl3‐induced oxidative stress in mouse lung, and that Nrf2 may regulate the LaCl3‐induced pulmonary damages. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 357–365, 2015.
Microcystin‐LR‐Caused ROS generation involved in p38 activation and tau hyperphosphorylation in neuroendocrine (PC12) cells
Authors: Meng Guanmin , Liu Jinghui , Lin Shuyan , Guo Zonglou , Xu Lihong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMicrocystin‐LR (MC‐LR), a potent specific hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, has recently been reported to show neurotoxicity. Our previous study demonstrated that MC‐LR caused the reorganization of cytoskeleton architectures and hyperphosphorylation of the cytoskeletal‐associated proteins tau and HSP27 in neuroendocrine PC12 cell line by direct PP2A inhibition and indirect p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. It has been shown that oxidative stress is extensively associated with MC‐LR toxicity, mainly resulting from an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanisms by which ROS mediates the cytotoxic action of MC‐LR are unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether ROS might play a critical role in MC‐LR‐induced hyperphosphorylation of microtubule‐associated protein tau and the activation of the MAPKs in PC12 cell line. The results showed that MC‐LR had time‐ and concentration‐dependent effects on ROS generation, p38‐MAPK activation and tau phosphorylation. The time‐course studies indicated similar biphasic changes in ROS generation and tau hyperphosphorylation, which started to increase within 1 h and reached the maximum level at 3 h followed by a decrease after prolonged treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with the antioxidants, N‐acetylcysteine and vitamin C, significantly decreased MC‐LR‐induced ROS generation and effectively attenuated p38‐MAPK activation as well as tau hyperphosphorylation. Taken together, these findings suggest that ROS generation triggered by MC‐LR is a key intracellular event that contributes to an induction of p38‐MAPK activation and tau phosphorylation, and that blockade of this ROS‐mediated redox‐sensitive signal cascades may attenuate the toxic effects of MC‐LR. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 366–374, 2015.
Altitudinal variation in body size inAbacarus panticisKeifer (Acari: Eriophyidae)
Authors: Kuo Chi‐Chien , Wang Chin‐Fah , Tsai Jeng‐I , Feng Fong‐Long , Huang Kun‐Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe found that body length of a minute eriophyoid mite,Abacarus panticisKeifer, increased with elevation and rainfall, decreased with temperature, and exhibited a female‐biased dimorphism. There was a negative temperature–body length relation in the female instead of the male, whose size remained constant along temperature gradients. In addition, scaling of body length between sexes is not significantly different from one. We conclude that within‐species body length ofA. panticisconforms to Bergmann's trend but not Rensch's rule. Further studies could take advantage of the more rigorous and flexible hierarchical model in the revelation of scale‐specific determinants of phenotypic variation.
Nationwide survey of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: The Japanese Catheter Ablation Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (J‐CARAF) – Report on antiarrhythmic drug therapy
Authors: Murakawa Yuji , Nogami Akihiko , Shoda Morio , Inoue Koichi , Naito Shigeto , Kumagai Koichiro , Miyauchi Yasushi , Yamane Teiichi , Morita Norishige , Mitamura Hideo , Okumura Ken ,   on behalf of the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society Members
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Japanese Heart Rhythm Society (JHRS) conducted a nationwide survey of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Japan, the Japanese Catheter Ablation Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (J‐CARAF). In this report, to offer a perspective on the current status of hybrid AF therapy, we focus on antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy before and after AF ablation.MethodsThe JHRS requested electrophysiology centers in Japan to retrospectively register the comprehensive data of each AF ablation session performed in September 2011, March 2012, or September 2012.ResultsA total of 179 EP centers submitted data for 3373 sessions. The average patient age was 62.2±10.6 years, and 76.1% (2587) were male. Patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) consisted of 64.4% of total patients. The average number of AADs used before AF ablation was 1.13±0.96. Among 2173 PAF patients, 454 subjects (20.9%) underwent AF ablation without preceding AAD therapy.At the time of discharge, 40.3% of PAF patients were given one or more AAD, while 63.0% of persistent AF patients and 71.5% of long‐standing‐persistent AF patients left the hospital with an AAD (p<0.0001). Bepridil was most frequently prescribed (17.4%), specifically in non‐PAF patients (PAF 10.5% vs. non‐PAF 30.3%, p<0.0001). Amiodarone was used in 5.8% of the patients. Among 148 subjects (4.5%) treated with multiple AADs, 131 were taking bepridil.ConclusionsApproximately 20% of PAF ablations were performed without preceding AAD therapy. The post‐procedural AAD regimen was appreciably dependent on the AF type.
Fecundity regulation in horse mackerel
Authors: van Damme Cindy J. G. , Thorsen Anders , Fonn Merete , Alvarez Paula , Garabana Dolores , O'Hea Brendan , Perez José R. , Dickey-Collas Mark 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Egg production methods have been used successfully in the provision of advice for fisheries management. These methods need accurate and unbiased estimates of fecundity. We explore the reproductive strategy of horse mackerel and estimation of fecundity. Fecundity and fecundity regulation in relation to condition was investigated over a number of years. Fulton's K, lipid content, and hepatosomatic index increased after the start of spawning, though decreased again at the end of spawning. The increase in the gonadosomatic index, fecundity, and body condition after the onset of spawning suggests that horse mackerel utilizes food resources during the spawning season and might be an income breeder. However, the decline in K and lipid before the spawning season suggests that the first batch of oocytes is developed on stored energy. Fecundity varied between years and within a spawning season. Over latitude, variations in fecundity were small. K and lipid content are not reliable indices as proxy for fecundity. Batch fecundity appears to be heterogeneous across the spawning season but homogeneous across latitude. The homogeneity of batch fecundity over latitude could indicate that the daily egg production method is an appropriate approach for estimating the abundance of a wide ranging species, as horse mackerel.
Environmental and parental control of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) recruitment†
Authors: Zwolinski Juan P. , Demer David A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe confirm that sardine recruitment in the California Current, during the last three decades, mimics aspects of the environment in the North Pacific indicated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. The periods of stock increase and decrease followed consecutive years with positive and negative PDO values, respectively. During the “warm” periods, the average number of recruits per biomass was more than threefold higher than that during the “cold” periods. In addition to the environmental conditions experienced by the sardine larvae, we show that the variability in sardine recruitment is partially explained by the environmental conditions many months before the spawning season and the adult condition factor. We hypothesize that sardine have a metabolic deficit during spawning, so prior good feeding opportunities are necessary to increase both total fecundity and offspring robustness, to enhance both reproduction and survival, respectively. Our findings augment a century-old theory that the reproductive success of small pelagic fish is governed by the survival of the early life stages. The condition of each parent also matters. To predict sardine recruitment, we propose a “dual-phase” model based on seasonal PDO-based indices and a condition factor. The model identifies summer feeding seasons conducive to a good adult condition factor followed by spring-spawning seasons supportive of good larval retention and growth.
Supermassive stars as a source of abundance anomalies of proton-capture elements in globular clusters
Authors: Denissenkov P. A. , Hartwick F. D. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We propose that the abundance anomalies of proton-capture elements in globular clusters, such as the C-N, Na-O, Mg-Al and Na-F anticorrelations, were produced by supermassive stars with M ∼ 104 M⊙. Such stars could form in the runaway collisions of massive stars that sank to the cluster centre as a result of dynamical friction, or via the direct monolithic collapse of the low-metallicity gas cloud from which the cluster formed. To explain the observed abundance anomalies, we assume that the supermassive stars had lost significant parts of their initial masses when only a small mass fraction of hydrogen, ΔX ∼ 0.15, was transformed into helium. We speculate that the required mass-loss might be caused by the super-Eddington radiation continuum-driven stellar wind or by the diffusive mode of the Jeans instability.
An S-Domain Receptor-Like Kinase, OsSIK2, Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Delays Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence in Rice
Authors: Chen Li-Juan , Wuriyanghan Hada , Zhang Yu-Qin , Duan Kai-Xuan , Chen Hao-Wei , Li Qing-Tian , Lu Xiang , He Si-Jie , Ma Biao , Zhang Wan-Ke , Lin Qing , Chen Shou-Yi , Zhang Jin-Song 
Published: October 2013

AbstractReceptor-like kinases play important roles in plant development and defense responses; however, their functions in other processes remain unclear. Here, we report that OsSIK2, an S-domain receptor-like kinase from rice (Oryza sativa), is involved in abiotic stress and the senescence process. OsSIK2 is a plasma membrane-localized protein with kinase activity in the presence of Mn2+. OsSIK2 is expressed mainly in rice leaf and sheath and can be induced by NaCl, drought, cold, dark, and abscisic acid treatment. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsSIK2 and mutant sik2 exhibit enhanced and reduced tolerance to salt and drought stress, respectively, compared with the controls. Interestingly, a truncated version of OsSIK2 without most of the extracellular region confers higher salt tolerance than the full-length OsSIK2, likely through the activation of different sets of downstream genes. Moreover, seedlings of OsSIK2-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibit early leaf development and a delayed dark-induced senescence phenotype, while mutant sik2 shows the opposite phenotype. The downstream PR-related genes specifically up-regulated by full-length OsSIK2 or the DREB-like genes solely enhanced by truncated OsSIK2 are all induced by salt, drought, and dark treatments. These results indicate that OsSIK2 may integrate stress signals into a developmental program for better adaptive growth under unfavorable conditions. Manipulation of OsSIK2 should facilitate the improvement of production in rice and other crops.
Intraspecific trait variability mediates the response of subalpine grassland communities to extreme drought events
Authors: Jung Vincent , Albert Cécile H. , Violle Cyrille , Kunstler Georges , Loucougaray Grégory , Spiegelberger Thomas 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Climate change is expected to increase the magnitude and the frequency of extreme climatic events such as droughts. Better understanding how plant communities will respond to these droughts is a major challenge. We expect the response to be a shift in functional trait values resulting from both species turnover and intraspecific trait variability, but little research has addressed the relative contribution of both components.
We analysed the short‐term functional response of subalpine grassland communities to a simulated drought by focusing on four leaf traits (LDMC: leaf dry matter content, SLA: specific leaf area, LNC: leaf nitrogen concentration and LCC: leaf carbon concentration). After evaluating species turnover and intraspecific variability separately, we determined their relative contribution in the community functional response to drought, reflected by changes in community‐weighted mean traits.
We found significant species turnover and intraspecific variability, as well as significant changes in community‐weighted mean for most of the traits. The relative contribution of intraspecific variability to the changes in community mean traits was more important (42–99%) than the relative contribution of species turnover (1–58%). Intraspecific variability either amplified (for LDMC, SLA and LCC) or dampened (for LNC) the community functional response mediated by species turnover. We demonstrated that the small contribution of species turnover to the changes in community mean LDMC and LCC was explained by a lack of covariation between species turnover and interspecific trait differences.
Synthesis. These results highlight the need for a better consideration of intraspecific variability to understand and predict the effect of climate change on plant communities. While both species turnover and intraspecific variability can be expected following an extreme drought, we report new evidence that intraspecific variability can be a more important driver of the short‐term functional response of plant communities.