bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfate Attack on Concrete: Is it real or just a misinterpretation of damage done by biodeterioration?
Authors: Rendon Diaz Miron Luis Emilio , Lara Montserrat Rendon , Lara Magaña Maria Eugenia 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAt the present time, no material is known that is completely inert to chemical or biochemical action and immune to weathering damage. Concrete is no exception, but, under what might be considered normal exposure conditions, it has a very long life. Concrete made by the Romans from natural cement is in excellent condition after more than 2000 years of service. The controversies generated by contradictory expert testimonies in several lawsuits involving sulfate attack on concrete, and by the large numbers of recently published papers containing data on the subject, have caused considerable anxiety about sulfate attack mechanisms and the service life of concrete structures. Furthermore, frequently the physical attack by salt crystallization is being confused with the classical sulfate attack, which involves the chemical interaction between sulfate ions from an external source and the constituents of cement paste. In addition, there is also an internal sulfate attack –a chemical attack in which the source of sulfate ions resides in the concrete aggregates or cement–. Additionally, modern concrete as been affected by the products of microorganism metabolism, in particular sulfuric acid, this damage done to hardened concrete is known as concrete biodeterioration and also known as microbiologically induced corrosion of concrete (MICC). Being perhaps this biodeterioration the most important cause of concrete decay and perhaps the true explanation of sulfate attack on concrete. Some of the controversies about sulfate attack are addressed in this article, we have studied the case applying simple considerations concerning concrete composition and flouting at the same time some of the stricter observed paradigms in the cement and concrete industry. It is concluded that a holistic approach is necessary to separate the real causes of sulfate attack on concrete from the imaginary ones.
Manipulation of Wetting Directions Using Nanostructures with Asymmetric Surface Energies
Authors: Lai Changquan , Thompson Carl V. , Choi W.K. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTOrdered arrays of polymeric nanostructures with different shapes were generated using laser interference lithography and plasma etching. Surface energy anisotropy was produced in each nanostructure in the array through oblique angle deposition of a hydrophilic metal. When a water droplet was placed on such a surface, it was found to wet preferentially in the direction of the hydrophilic face. Depending on the shape of the nanostructure and the deposition direction, wetting can be made uni-, bi- or tri-directional. Insights obtained in this study contribute to the understanding of wetting on rough, chemically heterogeneous surfaces and provide new methods to engineer functional surfaces for the control of wetting directions.
Surface tension study of cationic gemini surfactants binding to DNA
Authors: Pisárčik Martin , Devínsky Ferdinand 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Binding of cationic gemini surfactants alkanediyl-a-ω-bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromides) with variable polymethylene spacer length ranging from 2 to 12 methylene groups to DNA in NaBr solution is investigated utilizing the tensiometry method. A simple method is presented for calculating the number of surfactant molecules bound to DNA. The results are evaluated in terms of the gemini surfactant spacer length, showing that gemini molecules with either short spacers (2 methylene groups) or long spacers are most efficiently adsorbed to DNA. A weak adsorption to DNA was found for gemini molecules with a medium spacer length (6 methylene groups in the spacer). The binding properties of cationic gemini surfactants as a function of spacer length are consistent with the results obtained by other experimental methods (dynamic light scattering measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy), indicating identical adsorption behaviour of gemini molecules as a function of the spacer length.
A procedure for meaningful unsupervised clustering and its application for solvent classification
Authors: Pushkarova Yaroslava , Kholin Yuriy 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Artificial neural networks have proven to be a powerful tool for solving classification problems. Some difficulties still need to be overcome for their successful application to chemical data. The use of supervised neural networks implies the initial distribution of patterns between the pre-determined classes, while attribution of objects to the classes may be uncertain. Unsupervised neural networks are free from this problem, but do not always reveal the real structure of data. Classification algorithms which do not require a priori information about the distribution of patterns between the pre-determined classes and provide meaningful results are of special interest. This paper presents an approach based on the combination of Kohonen and probabilistic networks which enables the determination of the number of classes and the reliable classification of objects. This is illustrated for a set of 76 solvents based on nine characteristics. The resulting classification is chemically interpretable. The approach proved to be also applicable in a different field, namely in examining the solubility of C60 fullerene. The solvents belonging to the same group demonstrate similar abilities to dissolve C60. This makes it possible to estimate the solubility of fullerenes in solvents for which there are no experimental data
DNA-based biosensors with external Nafion and chitosan membranes for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of beer, coffee, and tea
Authors: Hlavatá Lenka , Vyskočil Vlastimil , Beníková Katarína , Borbélyová Monika , Labuda Ján 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Novel electrochemical DNA-based biosensors with outer-sphere Nafion and chitosan protective membranes were prepared for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of beverages (beer, coffee, and black tea) against prooxidant hydroxyl radicals. A carbon working electrode of a screen-printed three-electrode assembly was modified using a layer-by-layer deposition technique with low molecular weight double-stranded DNA and a Nafion or chitosan film. The membrane-covered DNA biosensors were initially tested with respect to their voltammetric and impedimetric response after the incubation of the beverage and the medium exchange for the solution of the redox indicator [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−. While the Nafion-protected biosensor proved to be suitable for beer and black tea extracts, the chitosan-protected biosensor was successfully used in a coffee extract. Afterwards, the applicability was successfully verified for these biosensors for the detection of a deep degradation of the surface-attached DNA at the incubation in the cleavage agent (hydroxyl radicals generated via Fenton reaction) and for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of coffee and black tea extracts against prooxidant hydroxyl radicals. The investigation of the novel biosensors with a protective membrane represents a significant contribution to the field of electrochemical DNA biosensors utilization.
50 years of superbases made from organolithium compounds and heavier alkali metal alkoxides
Authors: Lochmann Lubomír , Janata Miroslav 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A review of reactions of organolithium compounds (RLi) with alkali metal alkoxides is presented. On the one hand, simple lithium alkoxides form adducts with RLi the reactivity of which differs only slightly from that of RLi. On the other hand, after mixing heavier alkali metal alkoxides (R’OM, M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) with RLi, a new system is formed, which has reactivity that dramatically exceeds that of the parent RLi. A metal interchange, according to the equation RLi + R’OM = RM + R’OLi, occurs in this system, giving rise to a superbase. This reaction is frequently used for the preparation of heavier alkali metal organometallic compounds. Similar metal interchange takes place between R’OM and compounds such as lithium amides and lithium enolates of ketones or esters, thus demonstrating the general nature of this procedure. Superbases react easily with many types of organic compounds (substrates), resulting in the formation of a heavier alkali metal derivative of the substrate (metalation). The metalated substrate can react in situ with an electrophile to yield the substituted substrate, a procedure that is frequently used in synthetic and polymer chemistry. An improved mechanism of metal interchange and reaction of superbases with substrates is proposed.
Orbit algebras that are invariant under stable equivalences of Morita type
Authors: Pogorzały Zygmunt 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this note we show that there are a lot of orbit algebras that are invariant under stable equivalences of Morita type between self-injective algebras. There are also indicated some links between Auslander-Reiten periodicity of bimodules and noetherianity of their orbit algebras.
Seed germination at different temperatures and seedling emergence at different depths of Rhamnus spp
Authors: Aou-ouad Hanan , Medrano Hipólito , Lamarti Ahmed , Gulías Javier 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Rhamnus alaternus and R. ludovici-salvatoris, two Mediterranean shrubs with different geographic distributions, have shown important differences in seedling recruitment capacity. The objectives of this work were to determine the ability of these species to germinate seeds under different temperature ranges, as well as the capacity of seedlings to emerge from different burial depths, in order to better understand their regeneration processes. Two different experiments were performed. In the first one, seed germination was studied in Petri dishes and in the dark at different temperature regimes: a) 5–15°C, b) 10–20°C and c) 15–25°C (12h/12h). In the second experiment, seedling emergence capacity from different burial depths (0.5, 2 and 5 cm) was tested. R. ludovici-salvatoris showed a significantly higher final germination rates, a lower dormancy period, and average time response at 10–20°C than at other temperature ranges, although differences were much greater when seeds were subjected to the 5–15°C temperature regime. By contrast, R. alaternus did not show significant differences between treatments (5–15°C and 10–20°C) in germination behavior. Seedling emergence of both species was lower and slower when seeds were buried at 5 cm. However, R. ludovici-salvatoris always showed a lower seedling emergence capacity than R. alaternus at any burial depth. The low ability of R. ludovici-salvatoris to germinate seeds and emerge between 5–15°C, even from shallow depths, is discussed in relation to its low regeneration capacity and declining geographic distribution.
Comparison of digestion methods for determination of total phosphorus in river sediments
Authors: Malá Jitka , Lagová Marcela 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, four digestion methods used to determine total phosphorus in river sediments, including Na2CO3 fusion, the H2SO4 and H2SO4 + H2O2 methods and the SMT protocol were investigated. Interference effects of iron, calcium and organic matter in river sediments, and the substances contained in the digestion agents on the photometric determination of the phosphates were analysed. The digestion methods were tested on ten river sediment samples. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences between sample treatments relating to the mean total phosphorus concentration.
Cost-effectiveness analysis to assess commercial TiO2 photocatalysts for acetaldehyde degradation in air
Authors: Verbruggen Sammy , Tytgat Tom , Passel Steven , Martens Johan , Lenaerts Silvia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the commercialisation of photocatalytic air purifiers, the performance as well as the cost of the catalytic material plays an important role. Where most comparative studies only regard the photocatalytic activity as a decisive parameter, in this study both activity and cost are taken into account. Using a cost-effectiveness analysis, six different commercially available TiO2-based catalysts are evaluated in terms of their activities in photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde as a model reaction for indoor air purification.
Pratiquer l'Approche centrée sur la personne en prison
Authors: Fritschin Markus , Pörtner Marlis , Zeller Odile 
Published: February 2014

Est-il possible de travailler dans un quartier de haute sécurité d’un établissement pénitentiaire selon les principes de l’Approche centrée sur la personne ? Cette question, Markus Fritschin l’expérimente dans son quotidien professionnel. Il présente ici comment l’accompagnement des détenus dans le quartier de haute sécurité de l’établissement pénitentiaire de Lenzburg s’oriente en fonction de la conception de l’homme et des thèses de Carl Rogers. Dans cette perspective, l’entrée en relation avec le détenu et la mise en confiance se trouvent au centre du travail d’accompagnement. L’auteur décrit la transposition, dans la vie quotidienne du quartier de haute sécurité, d’une philosophie du travail ayant pour fondements la congruence, l’empathie et l’acceptation positive, sans pour autant nier les limites très étroites de l’institution – bien au contraire. Il présente enfin son expérience d’inversion des rôles où, durant une semaine, il a expérimenté le quotidien d’un détenu. Dans ses remarques préliminaires et son commentaire final, Marlis Pörtner montre combien elle considère cette manière de travailler comme exemplaire, même pour le travail dans le champ social.
Satisfaction de la vie professionnelle, réseaux sociaux et employabilité chez les jeunes salariés de 18/30 ans
Authors: Baruel Bencherqui Dominique , Kefi Karim Mohamed , Renaud Joris 
Published: February 2014

L’employabilité est un concept mobilisé par des auteurs de différentes disciplines telles que l’économie (Gazier, 1989 ; Outin, 1990), la psychologie (Bernston, 2008), les sciences sociales (Leduc Browne, 1999), les sciences de gestion (Dietrich, 2010 ; Baruel Bencherqui, 2005). Cette recherche s’intéresse, plus particulièrement, à l’intention de développer son employabilité (Hategekimana et Roger, 2000, 2002) chez les jeunes salariés de 18 à 30 ans. Ainsi des analyses quantitatives, portant sur un échantillon de 160 jeunes salariés, ont été menées afin d’examiner quels sont les facteurs pouvant intervenir sur cette intention de développer son employabilité. Les résultats de notre étude montrent une différence dans l’intention de développer son employabilité entre hommes et femmes et ils mettent en exergue l’importance accordée, par les jeunes salariés, à la satisfaction dans la vie professionnelle et au rôle des réseaux (sociaux, intra et inter-organisationnels) sur l’intention de développer leur employabilité.
La fin d'INCANT : la transition de la recherche à la pratique clinique
Authors: Har Alexandre , Bonnaire Céline 
Published: February 2014

La recherche INCANT (International Cannabis Need of Treatment) a bénéficié d’un statut un peu à part dans le paysage de la recherche en thérapie familiale. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de comparer, dans le cadre d’un essai thérapeutique standardisé, randomisé et longitudinal, l’efficacité d’une méthode de thérapie familiale (MDFT) par rapport à la thérapie habituelle (TAU) sur la réduction de la consommation de cannabis chez des adolescents présentant un usage abusif et/ou une dépendance à cette substance. Dans cet article, nous explorons la phase de transition entre la fin de la recherche et la mise en place de la pratique clinique de la MDFT en institution. Quels furent les enjeux rencontrés dans la formation des premières et secondes générations de thérapeutes MDFT ? Quelles sont les questions soulevées par la pratique d’une thérapie familiale de type evidence based therapy dans la relation de supervision ?
Bilateral Adductor Palsy: A Rare Complication during Routine Surgery
Authors: Rangappa Vidya Bhushan , Ramakrishnan Athira , Ram Raja 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy occurring following thyroidectomy is a known complication. The first thing that comes to the surgeons, mind in a case of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is tracheostomy to secure the airway. But here we present a very interesting and unusual case of bilateral adductor palsy, post total thyroidectomy. We also highlight on the fact that not always the surgeon is to be blamed and there are certain subtle other factors to be aware of.How to cite this articleRangappa VB, Ramakrishnan A, Balasubramanya AM, Ram R. Bilateral Adductor Palsy: A Rare Complication during Routine Surgery. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(3):76-78.
Osteochondroma of the Parapharyngeal Space: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gupta Ashok K , Gupta Karan , Vaiphei Kim , Kaushal Darwin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTExtraskeletal osteochondroma in parapharyngeal space is very rare. It is important to note that such a diagnosis be considered when a discrete, ossified mass is localized in soft tissues, even at atypical sites. Its diagnosis is based on radiological and histopathological examination. We should be clinically aware of this benign entity as no malignant transformation or metastasis has been reported. Excision with adequate cuff of tissue is treatment of choice. We did not encounter any case report of osteochondroma in the parapharyngeal space in literature, with our best possible effort.How to cite this articleGupta AK, Kaushal D, Gupta K, Vaiphei K. Osteochondroma of the Parapharyngeal Space: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):142-144.
Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sood Neena , Munjal Manish , Garg Bhawna , Bhardwaj Vikram 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPapillary carcinoma arising in thyroglossal cyst is rare and is usually detected on postoperative histopathology after routine Sistrunk operation. Further management is a matter of debate and the choice lies between regular follow-up after Sistrunk operation or total thyroidectomy with or without radioiodine ablation and thyroxine suppression therapy. Here, we present a case of papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst in a 26- year-old lady. Papillary carcinoma was detected after a routine Sistrunk operation was done for a seemingly innocuous thyroglossal cyst. A total thyroidectomy was carried 1 week later followed by hormone replacement therapy to suppress serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.How to cite this articleMunjal M, Garg B, Sood N, Bhardwaj V. Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):148-150.
Auricular Schwannoma: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Sharma Satish Kumar , Raina Rashmi , Gupta Vikas Deep 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSchwannoma is an extremely rare tumor of auricle. We are presenting a rare case of auricular schwannoma, perhaps the fifth in world literature, with traumatic etiology. Twenty-five years old female presented with swelling left pinna since 6 years following ear piercing. She desires surgery for cosmetic reasons only. Swelling was excised under local anesthesia and sent for histopathological examination. HPE report was suggestive of nerve sheath tumor. No recurrence has reported so far in followup of 9 months period.How to cite this articleThakur K, Sharma SK, Raina R, Gupta VD. Auricular Schwannoma: A Rare Presentation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):166-168.
Traumatic Arteriovenous Malformation of Cheek: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Bhandary B Satheesh Kumar , Bhat Vadisha , Aroor Rajeshwary , Shetty Shama 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTArteriovenous malformations (AVM) are congenital vascular anomalies but are usually first noticed in childhood or adulthood. Head and neck is the most common location for AVM. Extracranial lesions are rare compared to intracranial lesions. The rapid enlargement of the malformation leading to symptoms is usually triggered by trauma or hormonal changes of puberty or pregnancy. Traumatic AVM of the head and neck are very rare. Here we report a case of AVM of cheek in an adult woman developed following a dental treatment. The diagnosis was confirmed by imaging and was treated surgically after angiography and embolization.How to cite this articleBhat VS, Aroor R, Bhandary BSK, Shetty S. Traumatic Arteriovenous Malformation of Cheek: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):173-177.
Flexibility of Theory of Mind in a Matrix Game When the Opponent’s Level Changes
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Xi-Ping , Tang Wei-Hai 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This study used a matrix game to explore adolescents’ and young adults’ flexibility of theory of mind (ToM) and to examine whether prediction could promote a person’s ToM reasoning when the opponent’s level of ToM changed during the course of the game. A total of 202 participants of different ages (13, 16, 19, and 24 years) were presented with the task. Results showed that the ToM flexibility in prediction and decision making was not significantly different across the age groups. A person’s flexibility of ToM was better when the opponent’s level was stable than when the level changed. It was even more difficult for a person to adapt when the opponent changed from a higher-order to lower-order level. The results showed prediction to be a kind of information clue that would prompt people to think further. It is both feasible and discriminative to explore even higher levels of ToM with matrix games.
Flexibility of Temporal Order in Musical and Linguistic Recognition
Authors: Rabinovitz Brian E. , Peynircioglu Zehra F. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In Experiments 1-3 participants heard pairs of audio clips, each corresponding to half of a phrase (linguistic or musical), in a forward direction or a backward direction, where the second half came first. They judged whether the second clip was from a familiar source or from the same source as the first clip. In both tasks participants were faster and more accurate when the clips were from the same source and faster with linguistic stimuli. Longer temporal distances impaired performance, although greater flexibility was shown with linguistic materials. In Experiment 4, single extended clips were played in temporal or scrambled order. Judgments of familiarity were slower with scrambled song melodies than with instrumental melodies, and processing of music was disrupted more than that of language when temporal order was violated. These results suggest that semantic meaning enhances processing of temporal order information and modulates access.