bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel four‐step approach for systematic identification of naphthoquinones in Juglans cathayensis dode using various scan functions of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry along with data mining strategies
Authors: Gan Yuan , Zhang Yang , Li Aiqian , Song Chengwu , Chen Chang , Xu Yong , Ruan Hanli , Jiang Hongliang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionSystematic analyses of naphthoquinones in Juglans cathayensis have not yet been reported. It is very challenging to identify naphthoquinones with various structural diversities, especially those at trace levels.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient analytical approach for systematic discovery and identification of naphthoquinones in Juglans cathayensis.MethodologyA novel four‐step approach was evaluated by utilizing various scan functions of liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS) and liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS/MS) along with data mining strategies. First, MS/MS fragmentation behaviors of naphthoquinones were investigated. Second, multiple ion monitoring triggered enhanced product ion scan (MIM‐EPI) with specified ions was conducted to identify targeted naphthoquinones. Third, other scan functions of QTRAP‐MS/MS and data mining strategies were explored to identify untargeted naphthoquinones. Fourth, structural rationalization and confirmation of naphthoquinones were performed using QTOF‐MS/MS via its accurate mass measurement and MS/MS fragmentation functions.ResultsOptimal scan methods and data mining strategies using QTRAP‐MS/MS were obtained for identification of targeted and untargeted naphthoquinones. Consequently, 48 naphthoquinones including 24 novel ones were identified or tentatively identified from Juglans cathayensis.ConclusionA novel four‐step approach for efficient discovery and identification of naphthoquinones was developed by exploring various scan functions of current LC‐MS/MS technologies and data mining strategies, providing an example for systematic characterization of certain classes of phytochemicals, especially trace analytes in complex samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of the extended parallel process model in promoting colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Birmingham Wendy C. , Hung Man , Boonyasiriwat Watcharaporn , Kohlmann Wendy , Walters Scott T. , Burt Randall W. , Stroup Antoinette M. , Edwards Sandie L. , Schwartz Marc D. , Lowery Jan T. , Hill Deirdre A. , Wiggins Charles L. , Higginbotham John C. , Tang Philip , Hon Shirley D. , Franklin Jeremy D. , Vernon Sally , Kinney Anita Y. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveRelatives of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are at increased risk for the disease, yet screening rates still remain low. Guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model, we examined the impact of a personalized, remote risk communication intervention on behavioral intention and colonoscopy uptake in relatives of CRC patients, assessing the original additive model and an alternative model in which each theoretical construct contributes uniquely.MethodsWe collected intention‐to‐screen and medical record‐verified colonoscopy information on 218 individuals who received the personalized intervention.ResultsStructural equation modeling showed poor main model fit (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.109; standardized root mean residual (SRMR) = 0.134; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.797; Akaike information criterion (AIC) = 11,601; Bayesian information criterion (BIC) = 11,884). However, the alternative model (RMSEA = 0.070; SRMR = 0.105; CFI = 0.918; AIC = 11,186; BIC = 11,498) showed good fit. Cancer susceptibility (B = 0.319, p < 0.001) and colonoscopy self‐efficacy (B = 0.364, p < 0.001) perceptions predicted intention to screen, which was significantly associated with colonoscopy uptake (B = 0.539, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings provide support of the utility of Extended Parallel Process Model for designing effective interventions to motivate CRC screening in persons at increased risk when individual elements of the model are considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pleistocene Pingo in the Central Part of the East European Plain
Authors: Makkaveyev A. N. , Bronguleev V. Vad. , Karavaev V. A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeveral rimmed depressions of different size, filled with lakes or bogs, occur within the glaciofluvial lowlands of the Moscow region, in the central part of the East European Plain. One such depression, at Krasnoye lake, has a diameter of 300 m and a maximal depth of 9 m. The rim is 2– 5 m high. The sedimentary deposits of the rim, observed in several pits, consist mostly of sand with inclusions of loamy sand, loam and clay. They have a lumpy structure with weak and irregular layering and are underlain by fluvial sand of the third terrace of the Moscow River with clear horizontal bedding. The rim deposits are interpreted to be of a slope type and probably formed due to slumping and washout from the slopes of a large pingo which existed here in the cold epoch of the Upper Pleistocene. The rims surrounding some other depressions in the Moscow region, however, have quite different structures, which suggests that their genesis may be different. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ebola Disinfection Booth: Evaluation of an Enclosed Ultraviolet Light Booth for Disinfection of Contaminated Personal Protective Equipment Prior to Removal
Authors: Tomas Myreen E. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Jencson Annette , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: July 2015

A portable booth designed to disinfect full-body coverage protective equipment before removal using ultraviolet-C radiation resulted in at least 3 log reductions in bacteriophage MS2 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus within 3 minutes. The booth could be useful for disinfection of contaminated protective equipment before removal during care of Ebola patients.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(10):1226–1228
Religion, anti-slavery, and identity: Irish Presbyterians, the United States, and transatlantic evangelicalism, c.1820–1914
Authors: Holmes A. R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Scholars have devoted much attention to the causes and consequences of Presbyterian emigration from Ulster to the thirteen colonies before 1776. This article moves beyond the eighteenth century to examine the continued religious links between Presbyterians in Ireland and the United States in the nineteenth century. It begins with an examination of the influence of evangelicalism on both sides of the Atlantic and how this promoted unity in denominational identity, missionary activity to convert Catholics, and revivalist religion during the first half of the century. Though Irish Presbyterians had great affection for their American co-religionists, they were not uncritical, and significant tensions did develop over slavery. The article then examines the religious character of Scotch-Irish or Ulster-Scots identity in the late nineteenth century, which was articulated in response to the alleged demoralising influence of large-scale Irish immigration during and after the Famine of the 1840s, the so-called Romanisation of Catholicism, and the threat of Home Rule in Ireland. The importance of identity politics should not obscure religious developments, and the article ends with a consideration of the origins and character of fundamentalism, perhaps one of the most important cultural connections between Protestants in Northern Ireland and the United States in the twentieth century.
Detecting Audience Costs in International Disputes
Authors: Kurizaki Shuhei , Whang Taehee 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSelection effects in crisis bargaining make it difficult to directly measure audience costs because state leaders have an incentive to avoid incurring audience costs. We overcome this inferential problem of selection bias by using a structural statistical model. This approach allows us to estimate the size of audience costs, both incurred and not incurred, in international crises. We show that although audience costs exist for state leaders of various regime types, democratic leaders face larger audience costs than nondemocratic leaders do. Audience costs can be so large that war might be preferable to concessions, especially for leaders of highly democratic states. Audience costs also increase a state's bargaining leverage in crises because the target state is more likely to acquiesce if the challenge carries larger audience costs. We also find evidence that audience costs generate selection effects.
Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects
Authors: Firestone Chaz , Scholl Brian J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhat determines what we see? In contrast to the traditional “modular” understanding of perception, according to which visual processing is encapsulated from higher-level cognition, a tidal wave of recent research alleges that states such as beliefs, desires, emotions, motivations, intentions, and linguistic representations exert direct, top-down influences on what we see. There is a growing consensus that such effects are ubiquitous, and that the distinction between perception and cognition may itself be unsustainable. We argue otherwise: None of these hundreds of studies – either individually or collectively – provides compelling evidence for true top-down effects on perception, or “cognitive penetrability.” In particular, and despite their variety, we suggest that these studies all fall prey to only a handful of pitfalls. And whereas abstract theoretical challenges have failed to resolve this debate in the past, our presentation of these pitfalls is empirically anchored: In each case, we show not only how certain studies could be susceptible to the pitfall (in principle), but also how several alleged top-down effects actually are explained by the pitfall (in practice). Moreover, these pitfalls are perfectly general, with each applying to dozens of other top-down effects. We conclude by extracting the lessons provided by these pitfalls into a checklist that future work could use to convincingly demonstrate top-down effects on visual perception. The discovery of substantive top-down effects of cognition on perception would revolutionize our understanding of how the mind is organized; but without addressing these pitfalls, no such empirical report will license such exciting conclusions.
The potential of surplus grass production as co-substrate for anaerobic digestion: A case study in the Region of Southern Denmark
Authors: Meyer Ane Katharina Paarup , Schleier Caroline , Piorr Hans-Peter , Holm-Nielsen Jens Bo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents an assessment of the surplus grass production in the Region of Southern Denmark, and the perspectives of utilizing it in local biogas production. Grass production represents a significant role in the Danish agricultural sector. However, statistical data show an excess production of averagely 12% in the period 2006–2012. Based on spatial analyses and statistical data, the geographical distribution of grass production and consumption was estimated and mapped for the Region of Southern Denmark. An excess production of grass was estimated for several of the municipalities in the Region of Southern Denmark, but the excess production was found to be quite sensitive to the management practice of the grass fields and the productivity of the grass. The yields of excess grass estimated in the sensitive and conservative scenario were found to be sufficient to serve a sole co-substrate in 2–8 biogas plants using animal manure as primary feedstock. The yields in the intensive scenario were assessed to be sufficient to serve a sole co-substrate in 8–16 biogas plants. Alternatively, at least 31% of the regionally produced maize which is exported to the biogas sector could annually be substituted by methane produced from the production of excess grass. The intensive scenario was estimated to have significantly higher grass yields than the sensitive and conservative scenario. The environmental impacts of intensified agricultural management should, however, be assessed carefully in order to ensure that the ecosystems are not increasingly being burdened. The potential of utilizing residual grass for energy production in the region or as an alternative to the maize exported to Northern Germany, was concluded to seem as a promising possibility for a sustainable development of the regional biogas sector. Furthermore, it could provide incentives for establishing new biogas plants in the region and thereby increase the share of manure being digested anaerobically, which could help extrapolate the environmental and climate related benefits documented for the use of digested animal manure as fertilizer on agricultural land.
Emotional Dimensions of Music and Painting and their Interaction
Authors: Campos-Bueno J. J. , DeJuan-Ayala O. , Montoya Pedro , Birbaumer N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUsually it is accepted that human manifestations such as music or painting share a common artistic trait. However, very little is known about the genetic, behavioral, developmental and neurobiological basis of such a musical-pictorial “universal”. In an attempt to approach commonalities and differences between the psychology of music and pictorial art in Experiment 1 we investigated the emotional dimensions valence and arousal in a large sample (N =156, Mage = 21,44 years, SD = 3,89 years, range = 16–35 years) using a representative selection of musical and pictorial artistic stimuli. We found a stronger variability of valence and arousal with paintings and stronger effects of music on valence. In Experiment 2 (N =202, Mage = 21,35 years, SD = 3,57 years, range = 16–35 years) we present first quantitative data on the interaction between the two artistic categories of stimuli on a behavioral level, again observing effects of pictorial art and music on valence and arousal. Furthermore in Experiment 2 we replicated a more pronounced effect of music on the valence of pictures, particularly on positive valence the results of the ANOVA showed an increase in group A2: F(1, 120) = 6.23, p < .05, in group C2: F(1, 120) = 89.03, p < .001, and a surprisingly emotionally negative influence of pleasant paintings on the positive valence of music, group A1: F(1, 127) = 19.69, p < .001. Despite the unresolved problem of non-representativeness of the stimuli and the sample selected these results may suggest superior emotional “power” of music over painting.
Mapping the Relationship of Contributing Factors for Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shi Lin , Zhao Lei , Wong Adrian , Wang Defeng , Mok Vincent 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhile detecting and validating correlations among the contributing factors to the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease (pAD) has been a focus, a potent meta-analysis method to integrate current findings is essential. The entity-relationship diagram with nodes as entities and edges as relationships is a graphical representation that summarizes the relationships among multiple factors in an intuitive manner. Based on this concept, a new meta-analysis approach with this type of diagram is proposed to summarize research about contributing factors of pAD and their interactions. To utilize the information for enriched visualization, width and color of the edges are encoded with reporting times, number of pAD subjects, correlation coefficient and study design (cross-sectional or longitudinal). The proposed Probabilistic Entity-Relationship Diagram (PERD) demonstrated its effectiveness in this research for studying pAD. Another kind of diagram with occurrence order for some factors was also proposed to provide sequential information of the factors. In addition, PERD could potentially develop into an online application named PERD-online, which would help researchers to pool findings on the same relationships and guide further tests to validate uncertain relationships in PERD. PERD as a generic graphical meta-analysis tool can also be applied in studying other multifactorial diseases.
Sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglyceride selectively targets acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and exerts potent anti-leukemic effects in vivo
Authors: Jain Chetan Kumar , Pradhan Bhola Shankar , Banerjee Sukdeb , Mondal Nirup Bikash , Majumder Subeer S. , Bhattacharyya Madhumita , Chakrabarti Saikat , Roychoudhury Susanta , Majumder Hemanta Kumar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDNA topoisomerase II inhibitors e.g. doxorubicin and etoposide are currently used in the chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These inhibitors have serious side effects during the chemotherapy e.g. cardiotoxicity and secondary malignancies. In this study we show that sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglyceride (SQDG) isolated from Azadirachta indica exerts potent anti-ALL activity both in vitro and in vivo in nude mice and it synergizes with doxorubicin and etoposide. SQDG selectively targets ALL MOLT-4 cells by inhibiting catalytic activity of topoisomerase I enzyme and inducing p53 dependent apoptotic pathway. SQDG treatment induces recruitment of ATR at chromatin and arrests the cells in S-phase. Down-regulation of topoisomerase I or p53 renders the cells less sensitive for SQDG, while ectopic expression of wild type p53 protein in p53 deficient K562 cells results in chemosensitization of the cells for SQDG. We also show that constant ratio combinations of SQDG and etoposide or SDQG and doxorubicin exert synergistic effects on MOLT-4 cell killing. This study suggests that doses of etoposide/doxorubicin can be substantially reduced by combining SQDG with these agents during ALL chemotherapy and side effects caused can be minimized. Thus dual targeting of topoisomerase I and II enzymes is a promising strategy for improving ALL chemotherapy.
Predicting the extinction of Ebola spreading in Liberia due to mitigation strategies
Authors: Valdez L. D. , Aragão Rêgo H. H. , Stanley H. E. , Braunstein L. A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Ebola virus is spreading throughout West Africa and is causing thousands of deaths. In order to quantify the effectiveness of different strategies for controlling the spread, we develop a mathematical model in which the propagation of the Ebola virus through Liberia is caused by travel between counties. For the initial months in which the Ebola virus spreads, we find that the arrival times of the disease into the counties predicted by our model are compatible with World Health Organization data, but we also find that reducing mobility is insufficient to contain the epidemic because it delays the arrival of Ebola virus in each county by only a few weeks. We study the effect of a strategy in which safe burials are increased and effective hospitalisation instituted under two scenarios: (i) one implemented in mid-July 2014 and (ii) one in mid-August—which was the actual time that strong interventions began in Liberia. We find that if scenario (i) had been pursued the lifetime of the epidemic would have been three months shorter and the total number of infected individuals 80% less than in scenario (ii). Our projection under scenario (ii) is that the spreading will stop by mid-spring 2015.
Water–use efficiency of dryland wheat in response to mulching and tillage practices on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Li-fang , Shangguan Zhou-ping 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMulching and tillage are widely considered to be major practices for improving soil and water conservation where water is scarce. This paper studied the effects of FM (flat mulching), RFM (ridge-furrow mulching), SM (straw mulching), MTMC (mulching with two materials combined), MOM (mulching with other materials), NT (no-tillage) ST (subsoiling tillage) and RT (rotational tillage) on wheat yield based on a synthesis of 85 recent publications (including 2795 observations at 24 sites) in the Loess Plateau, China. This synthesis suggests that wheat yield was in the range of 259–7898 kg ha−1 for FM and RFM. The sequence of water use efficiency (WUE) effect sizes was similar to that of wheat yield for the practices. Wheat yields were more sensitive to soil water at planting covered by plastic film, wheat straw, liquid film, water-permeable plastic film and sand compared to NT, ST and RT. RFM and RT increased the yields of wheat by 18 and 15%, respectively and corresponding for WUE by 20.11 and 12.50%. This synthesis demonstrates that RFM was better for avoiding the risk of reduced production due to lack of precipitation; however, under conditions of better soil moisture, RT and MTMC were also economic.
Effects of Nt-truncation and coexpression of isolated Nt domains on the membrane trafficking of electroneutral Na+/HCO3– cotransporters
Authors: Wang Deng-Ke , Liu Ying , Myers Evan J. , Guo Yi-Min , Xie Zhang-Dong , Jiang De-Zhi , Li Jia-Min , Yang Jichun , Liu Mugen , Parker Mark D. , Chen Li-Ming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe SLC4 genes are all capable of producing multiple variants by alternative splicing or using alternative promoters. The physiological consequences of such diversity are of great interest to investigators. Here, we identified two novel variants of the electroneutral Na+/"Equation missing" cotransporter NBCn1, one full-length starting with “MIPL” and the other Nt-truncated starting with “MDEL”. Moreover, we identified a new promoter of Slc4a10 encoding NBCn2 and a novel type of Nt-truncated NBCn2 starting with “MHAN”. When heterologously expressed, the new NBCn1 variants were well localized to the plasma membrane and exhibited characteristic NBCn1 activity. However, MHAN-NBCn2 was poorly localized on the plasma membrane. By deletion mutations, we identified the Nt regions important for the surface localization of NBCn2. Interestingly, coexpressing the full-length NBCn2 greatly enhances the surface abundance of the Nt-truncated NBCn2. Co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies showed that the full-length and Nt-truncated NBCn2 interact with each other to form heterodimers in neuro-2A cells. Finally, we showed that the isolated Nt domain interacts with and enhances the surface abundance of the Nt-truncated NBCn2. The present study expands our knowledge of the NBCn1 and NBCn2 transcriptome and provides insights into how the Nt domain could affect transporter function by regulating its membrane trafficking.
Electronic, Dielectric and Plasmonic Properties of Two-Dimensional Electride Materials X2N (X=Ca, Sr): A First-Principles Study
Authors: Guan Shan , Yang Shengyuan A. , Zhu Liyan , Hu Junping , Yao Yugui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBased on first-principles calculations, we systematically study the electronic, dielectric and plasmonic properties of two-dimensional (2D) electride materials X2N (X = Ca, Sr). We show that both Ca2N and Sr2N are stable down to monolayer thickness. For thicknesses larger than 1-monolayer (1-ML), there are 2D anionic electron layers confined in the regions between the [X2N]+ layers. These electron layers are strongly trapped and have weak coupling between each other. As a result, for the thickness dependence of many properties such as the surface energy, work function and dielectric function, the most dramatic change occurs when going from 1-ML to 2-ML. For both bulk and few-layer Ca2N and Sr2N, the in-plane and out-of-plane real components of their dielectric functions have different signs in an extended frequency range covering the near infrared, indicating their potential applications as indefinite media. We find that bulk Ca2N and Sr2N could support surface plasmon modes in the near infrared range. Moreover, tightly-bounded plasmon modes could exist in their few-layer structures. These modes have significantly shorter wavelengths (few tens of nanometers) compared with that of conventional noble metal materials, suggesting their great potential for plasmonic devices with much smaller dimensions.