bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative ROESY analysis of computational models: structural studies of citalopram and β‐cyclodextrin complexes by 1H‐NMR and computational methods
Authors: Ali Syed Mashhood , Shamim Shazia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractComplexation of racemic citalopram with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) in aqueous medium was investigated to determine atom‐accurate structure of the inclusion complexes. 1H‐NMR chemical shift change data of β‐CD cavity protons in the presence of citalopram confirmed the formation of 1 : 1 inclusion complexes. ROESY spectrum confirmed the presence of aromatic ring in the β‐CD cavity but whether one of the two or both rings was not clear. Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamic calculations showed the entry of fluoro‐ring from wider side of β‐CD cavity as the most favored mode of inclusion. Minimum energy computational models were analyzed for their accuracy in atomic coordinates by comparison of calculated and experimental intermolecular ROESY peak intensities, which were not found in agreement. Several least energy computational models were refined and analyzed till calculated and experimental intensities were compatible. The results demonstrate that computational models of CD complexes need to be analyzed for atom‐accuracy and quantitative ROESY analysis is a promising method. Moreover, the study also validates that the quantitative use of ROESY is feasible even with longer mixing times if peak intensity ratios instead of absolute intensities are used. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AGC of a two‐area multi‐source power system interconnected via AC/DC parallel links under restructured power environment
Authors: Arya Yogendra , Kumar Narendra , Ibraheem  
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn this paper, automatic generation control (AGC) of a two‐area multi‐source power system interconnected via alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) parallel links under restructured power environment is proposed. Each area is equipped with multipower generating sources such as thermal and hydro/gas. To execute the different market contracts in restructured power system, the optimal regulators are designed and implemented using optimal control theory. It is observed that the system dynamic results effectively satisfy the AGC requirements in restructured power system, as well as the system dynamic performance is improved by using AC/DC parallel links in comparison with that obtained with AC link as an area interconnection between the control areas. Furthermore, the eigenvalue study is performed to examine the system stability with and without AC/DC parallel links. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimal regulators is checked for the system under study with physical constraints like time delay, boiler dynamics, generation rate constraints, and governor dead band nonlinearity and variations in system parameters from the nominal values. It is shown that the optimal regulators optimized for linear system are robust enough and work well in the proposed realistic AGC system incorporating physical constraints and wide variations in parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Threat processing: models and mechanisms
Authors: Bentz Dorothée , Schiller Daniela 
Published: June 2015

The experience of fear is closely linked to the survival of species. Fear can be conceptualized as a brain state that orchestrates defense reactions to threats. To avoid harm, an organism must be equipped with neural circuits that allow learning, detecting, and rapidly responding to threats. Past experience with threat can transform neutral stimuli present at the time of experience into learned threat‐related stimuli via associative learning. Pavlovian threat conditioning is the central experimental paradigm to study associative learning. Once learned, these stimulus–response associations are not always expressed depending on context or new experiences with the conditioned stimuli. Neural circuits mediating threat learning have the inherent plasticity to adapt to changing environmental threats. Encounters devoid of danger pave the way for extinction or reconsolidation to occur. Extinction and reconsolidation can both lead to changes in the expression of threat‐induced defense responses, but differ in stability and have a different neural basis. This review presents the behavioral models and the system‐level neural mechanisms in animals and humans of threat learning and modulation. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:427–439. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1353This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
Psychology > Memory
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Essential basic and emergency obstetric and newborn care: From education and training to service delivery and quality of care
Authors: Otolorin Emmanuel , Gomez Patricia , Currie Sheena , Thapa Kusum , Dao Blami 
Published: June 2015

AbstractApproximately 15% of expected births worldwide will result in life‐threatening complications during pregnancy, delivery, or the postpartum period. Providers skilled in emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) services are essential, particularly in countries with a high burden of maternal and newborn mortality. Jhpiego and its consortia partners have implemented three global programs to build provider capacity to provide comprehensive EmONC services to women and newborns in these resource‐poor settings. Providers have been educated to deliver high‐impact maternal and newborn health interventions, such as prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia and management of birth asphyxia, within the broader context of quality health services. This article describes Jhpiego's programming efforts within the framework of the basic and expanded signal functions that serve as indicators of high‐quality basic and emergency care services. Lessons learned include the importance of health facility strengthening, competency‐based provider education, global leadership, and strong government ownership and coordination as essential precursors to scale‐up of high impact evidence‐based maternal and newborn interventions in low‐resource settings.
RED for PMTCT: An adaptation of immunization's Reaching Every District approach increases coverage, access, and utilization of PMTCT care in Bondo District, Kenya
Authors: Kanyuuru Lynn , Kabue Mark , Ashengo Tigistu A. , Ruparelia Chandrakant , Mokaya Evans , Malonza Isaac 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGaps exist in coverage, early access, and utilization of prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in Kenya. The Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program, led by Jhpiego, piloted an adaptation of immunization's Reaching Every District (RED) approach in Bondo District as a way of improving PMTCT care. Routine district‐level monthly summary service delivery pre‐ and post‐implementation data were analyzed. Marked improvements resulted in the proportion of HIV‐infected and non‐infected pregnant women completing four focused prenatal care visits, from 25% to 41%, and the proportion of HIV‐exposed infants (HEIs) tested at six weeks, from 27% to 78% (P < 0.001). The proportion of HEIs tested for HIV infection at 12 months was 52%, while 77% of HEIs were issued antiretroviral prophylaxis by the end of the pilot. Implementation of RED for PMTCT demonstrated that PMTCT services can be delivered effectively in the context of the existing community strategy and resulted in increased coverage, access, and utilization of care for HIV‐positive pregnant women and their children.
Implementation of the Standards‐Based Management and Recognition approach to quality improvement in maternal, newborn, and child health programs in low‐resource countries
Authors: Necochea Edgar , Tripathi Vandana , Kim Young‐Mi , Akram Nabeel , Hyjazi Yolande , da Luz Vaz Maria , Otolorin Emmanuel , Pleah Tsigue , Rashidi Tambudzai , Bishanga Dustan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Standards‐Based Management and Recognition (SBM‐R; Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD, USA) approach to quality improvement was developed by Jhpiego to respond to common challenges faced by health systems in low‐resource settings, including poor pre‐service education, lack of resources for conventional supervisory models, and weak health information systems. Since its introduction in Brazil in 1997, SBM‐R has been implemented in approximately 30 countries and continues expanding to new places and service delivery areas. The present article: (1) describes key steps in the SBM‐R methodology focusing on provider performance assessment using evidence‐based standards; and (2) presents examples of improvements in provider performance in maternal, newborn, and child health care following SBM‐R implementation derived from routine program data, quasi‐experimental evaluations, and in‐depth case studies. SBM‐R incorporates evidence‐based methods that are known to have positive effects on healthcare quality, including audit and feedback, educational outreach visits, and checklist usage; however, further rigorous research is needed to document the population‐level impacts of the SBM‐R approach.
An exploration of flashbulb memory
Authors: Roehm Michelle L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFlashbulb memory (e.g., memory of one's personal situation in relation to an extraordinary event, such as a surprise marriage proposal) has yet to be closely studied by consumer researchers, and its underlying processes remain a subject of ongoing investigation. These memories can be vivid and confidently held for years after the inciting event, and when maintained as such, they appear to often include information about brands and products that were present during the original action. Maintenance of flashbulb memories depends on engagement in extensive rehearsal over time, and this is enabled by oral but not written sharing of the episode.
Phage-fused epitopes fromLeishmania infantumused as immunogenic vaccines confer partial protection againstLeishmania amazonensisinfection
Authors: COSTA LOURENA EMANUELE , CHÁVEZ-FUMAGALLI MIGUEL ANGEL , MARTINS VIVIAN TAMIETTI , DUARTE MARIANA COSTA , LAGE DANIELA PAGLIARA , LIMA MAYARA I. S. , DE JESUS PEREIRA NATHÁLIA CRISTINA , SOTO MANUEL , TAVARES CARLOS ALBERTO PEREIRA , GOULART LUIZ RICARDO , COELHO EDUARDO ANTONIO FERRAZ 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYTwo mimotopes ofLeishmania infantumidentified by phage display were evaluated as vaccine candidates in BALB/c mice againstLeishmania amazonensisinfection. The epitope-based immunogens, namely B10 and C01, presented as phage-fused peptides; were used without association of a Th1 adjuvant, and they were administered isolated or in combination into animals. Both clones showed a specific production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) afterin vitrospleen cells stimulation, and they were able to induce a partial protection against infection. Significant reductions of parasite load in the infected footpads, liver, spleen, bone marrow and paws’ draining lymph nodes were observed in the immunized mice, in comparison with the control groups (saline, saponin, wild-type and non-relevant clones). Protection was associated with an IL-12-dependent production of IFN-γ, mediated mainly by CD8+T cells, against parasite proteins. Protected mice also presented low levels of IL-4 and IL-10, as well as increased levels of parasite-specific IgG2a antibodies. The association of both clones resulted in an improved protection in relation to their individual use. More importantly, the absence of adjuvant did not diminish the cross-protective efficacy againstLeishmaniaspp. infection. This study describes for the first time two epitope-based immunogens selected by phage display technology againstL. infantuminfected dogs sera, which induced a partial protection in BALB/c mice infected withL. amazonensis.
Thyroid hormones alter the transcriptome of in vitro-produced bovine blastocysts
Authors: Ashkar Fazl A. , Revay Tamas , Rho NaYoung , Madan Pavneesh , Dufort Isabelle , Robert Claude , Favetta Laura A. , Schmidt Chris , King W. Allan 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThyroid hormones (THs) have been shown to improve in vitro embryo production in cattle by increasing blastocyst formation rate, and the average cell number of blastocysts and by significantly decreasing apoptosis rate. To better understand those genetic aspects that may underlie enhanced early embryo development in the presence of THs, we characterized the bovine embryonic transcriptome at the blastocyst stage, and examined differential gene expression profiles using a bovine-specific microarray. We found that 1212 genes were differentially expressed in TH-treated embryos when compared with non-treated controls (>1.5-fold at P < 0.05). In addition 23 and eight genes were expressed uniquely in control and treated embryos, respectively. The expression of genes specifically associated with metabolism, mitochondrial function, cell differentiation and development were elevated. However, TH-related genes, including those encoding TH receptors and deiodinases, were not differentially expressed in treated embryos. Furthermore, the over-expression of 52 X-chromosome linked genes in treated embryos suggested a delay or escape from X-inactivation. This study highlights the significant impact of THs on differential gene expression in the early embryo; the identification of TH-responsive genes provides an insight into those regulatory pathways activated during development.
Circumferential stent fracture repaired using a covered stent in a 42-year-old man with coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Ayoub Fares , AlShelleh Sameeha , AL-Ammouri Iyad 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a case of circumferential fracture of aortic coarctation stent with severe re-stentosis presenting 16 years after initial stent implantation with end-stage renal disease. The patient was treated with a covered stent using the stent-in-stent technique. The use of an ultra-high-pressure balloon was proved necessary to overcome the tight, non-compliant stenosis.
The influence of parental encouragement and caring about healthy eating on children’s diet quality and body weights
Authors: Faught Erin , Vander Ploeg Kerry , Chu Yen Li , Storey Kate , Veugelers Paul J 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveIn order to mitigate childhood obesity, evidence on what influences children’s health behaviours is needed to inform new health promotion strategies. The present study investigated the association between parental practices and their child’s diet and body weight status.DesignGrade 5 students and their parents completed health surveys. Parents were asked how much they ‘encourage their child to eat healthy foods’ and how much they ‘personally care about healthy eating’. Children’s diet quality and vegetable and fruit intake were assessed using an FFQ. Children’s heights and weights were measured to determine body weight status. Mixed-effects regression models were used to determine the influence of parental responses on the outcomes of interest.SettingElementary schools across the province of Alberta, Canada.SubjectsGrade 5 students (aged 10 and 11 years;n8388) and their parent(s).ResultsMost parents reported caring about healthy eating and encouraging their child to eat healthy foods at least quite a lot. Children whose parents who cared or encouraged ‘very much’ compared with ‘quite a lot’ were more likely have better diet quality and were less likely to be overweight. Children whose parents both cared and encouraged ‘very much’ compared with ‘quite a lot’ scored an average of 2·06 points higher on the diet quality index (β=2·06; 95 % CI 1·45, 2·66).ConclusionsHealth promotion strategies that aim for a high level of parental interest and encouragement of their children to eat healthy foods may improve diet quality and prevent overweight among children.
The recently described parasitoid braconid wasp, Napo townsendi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae: Dinocampini), forms leks and deters predators in the Ecuadorian cloud forest
Authors: Robinson Willard S. , Dority Delina E. , Kulikowski Andy J. , Shaw Scott R. 
Published: June 2015

In the Ecuadorian cloud forest, males of the parasitoid braconid waspNapo townsendiShaw displayed facultative lekking, appearing both singly and in groups of 2–7 on the leaf tops of various plant species. To attract females, they constantly employed a stereotypical, spread-winged calling behaviour, apparently releasing a sex pheromone combed from the lateral metasomal exocrine glands and applied to the wings and hind legs. Aggregated males used the same posture in conspecific agonistic displays, often leading to physical fighting. While female wasps were attracted to and mated with displaying singletons, they also made a choice among aggregated males. When females approached, males vibrated their wings in a brief courtship and mounted. Details of copulation behaviour, which lasted on an average of 3–4 min, are described. Without apparent physical weaponry, the displaying wasps successfully warded off attacks from an assortment of predatory arthropods, particularly salticid spiders. We present case studies of repeated unsuccessful predation attempts by salticids. Here, we postulate that calling and release of sex pheromone may double as both an intrasexual agonistic display and an aposematic advisory to predators that the wasps employ a chemical defence.
Using the transit of Venus to probe the upper planetary atmosphere
Authors: Reale Fabio , Gambino Angelo F. , Micela Giuseppina , Maggio Antonio , Widemann Thomas , Piccioni Giuseppe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDuring a planetary transit, atoms with high atomic number absorb short-wavelength radiation in the upper atmosphere, and the planet should appear larger during a primary transit observed in high-energy bands than in the optical band. Here we measure the radius of Venus with subpixel accuracy during the transit in 2012 observed in the optical, ultraviolet and soft X-rays with Hinode and Solar Dynamics Observatory missions. We find that, while Venus’s optical radius is about 80 km larger than the solid body radius (the top of clouds and haze), the radius increases further by >70 km in the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-rays. This measures the altitude of the densest ion layers of Venus’s ionosphere (CO2 and CO), useful for planning missions in situ, and a benchmark case for detecting transits of exoplanets in high-energy bands with future missions, such as the ESA Athena.
Contributions of wheat and maize residues to soil organic carbon under long-term rotation in north China
Authors: Wang Jinzhou , Wang Xiujun , Xu Minggang , Feng Gu , Zhang Wenju , Yang Xueyun , Huang Shaomin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in agro-ecosystem is largely influenced by cropping. However, quantifying the contributions of various crops has been lacking. Here we employed a stable isotopic approach to evaluate the contributions of wheat and maize residues to SOC at three long-term experimental sites in north China. Soil samples were collected from 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80 and 80–100 cm after 13 and 20 years of wheat-maize rotation and SOC and its stable 13C composition were determined. Our data showed that the δ13C value of SOC varied, on average, from −22.1‰ in the 0–20 cm to −21.5‰ in the 80–100 cm. Carbon input through maize residues ranged from 35% to 68% whereas the contribution of maize residues to SOC (0–40 cm) ranged from 28% to 40%. Our analyses suggested that the retention coefficient was in the range of 8.0–13.6% for maize residues and 16.5–28.5% for wheat residues. The two-fold higher retention coefficient of wheat versus maize residues was due to the differences in the quality of residues and probably also in the temperature during the growing season. Our study highlighted the importance of crop management on carbon sequestration in agricultural lands.
Tunable room-temperature ferromagnet using an iron-oxide and graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Lin Aigu L. , Rodrigues J. N. B. , Su Chenliang , Milletari M. , Loh Kian Ping , Wu Tom , Chen Wei , Neto A. H. Castro , Adam Shaffique , Wee Andrew T. S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMagnetic materials have found wide application ranging from electronics and memories to medicine. Essential to these advances is the control of the magnetic order. To date, most room-temperature applications have a fixed magnetic moment whose orientation is manipulated for functionality. Here we demonstrate an iron-oxide and graphene oxide nanocomposite based device that acts as a tunable ferromagnet at room temperature. Not only can we tune its transition temperature in a wide range of temperatures around room temperature, but the magnetization can also be tuned from zero to 0.011 A m2/kg through an initialization process with two readily accessible knobs (magnetic field and electric current), after which the system retains its magnetic properties semi-permanently until the next initialization process. We construct a theoretical model to illustrate that this tunability originates from an indirect exchange interaction mediated by spin-imbalanced electrons inside the nanocomposite.
Phosphorylation of Pex11p does not regulate peroxisomal fission in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha
Authors: Thomas Ann S. , Krikken Arjen M. , van der Klei Ida J. , Williams Chris P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPex11p plays a crucial role in peroxisomal fission. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris indicated that Pex11p is activated by phosphorylation, which results in enhanced peroxisome proliferation. In S. cerevisiae but not in P. pastoris, Pex11p phosphorylation was shown to regulate the protein’s trafficking to peroxisomes. However, phosphorylation of PpPex11p was proposed to influence its interaction with Fis1p, another component of the organellar fission machinery. Here, we have examined the role of Pex11p phosphorylation in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Employing mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that HpPex11p is also phosphorylated on a Serine residue present at a similar position to that of ScPex11p and PpPex11p. Furthermore, through the use of mutants designed to mimic both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of HpPex11p, we have investigated the role of this post-translational modification. Our data demonstrate that mutations to the phosphorylation site do not disturb the function of Pex11p in peroxisomal fission, nor do they alter the localization of Pex11p. Also, no effect on peroxisome inheritance was observed. Taken together, these data lead us to conclude that peroxisomal fission in H. polymorpha is not modulated by phosphorylation of Pex11p.
Zeno dynamics in quantum open systems
Authors: Zhang Yu-Ran , Fan Heng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuantum Zeno effect shows that frequent observations can slow down or even stop the unitary time evolution of an unstable quantum system. This effect can also be regarded as a physical consequence of the statistical indistinguishability of neighboring quantum states. The accessibility of quantum Zeno dynamics under unitary time evolution can be quantitatively estimated by quantum Zeno time in terms of Fisher information. In this work, we investigate the accessibility of quantum Zeno dynamics in quantum open systems by calculating noisy Fisher information when a trace preserving and completely positive map is assumed. We firstly study the consequences of non-Markovian noise on quantum Zeno effect and give the exact forms of the dissipative Fisher information and the quantum Zeno time. Then, for the operator-sum representation, an achievable upper bound of the quantum Zeno time is given with the help of the results in noisy quantum metrology. It is of significance that the noise reducing the accuracy in the entanglement-enhanced parameter estimation can conversely be favorable for the accessibility of quantum Zeno dynamics of entangled states.