bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel changes of taxonomic interaction networks in lacustrine bacterial communities induced by a polymetallic perturbation
Authors: Laplante Karine , Sébastien Boutin , Derome Nicolas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHeavy metals released by anthropogenic activities such as mining trigger profound changes to bacterial communities. In this study we used 16S SSUrRNAgene high‐throughput sequencing to characterize the impact of a polymetallic perturbation and other environmental parameters on taxonomic networks within five lacustrine bacterial communities from sites located near Rouyn‐Noranda, Quebec, Canada. The results showed that community equilibrium was disturbed in terms of both diversity and structure. Moreover, heavy metals, especially cadmium combined with water acidity, induced parallel changes among sites via the selection of resistant OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Unit) and taxonomic dominance perturbations favoring theAlphaproteobacteria. Furthermore, under a similar selective pressure, covariation trends between phyla revealed conservation and parallelism within interphylum interactions. Our study sheds light on the importance of analyzing communities not only from a phylogenetic perspective but also including a quantitative approach to provide significant insights into the evolutionary forces that shape the dynamic of the taxonomic interaction networks in bacterial communities.
Entrainment and impingement of juvenile silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus, and golden perch, Macquaria ambigua, at a fish screen: effect of velocity and light
Authors: Boys C. A. , Baumgartner L. J. , Lowry M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEntrainment and impingement of two non‐salmonid species susceptible to entrainment at irrigation diversions, silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), and golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson), were examined at an experimental intake screen in a laboratory flume under a range of velocities and light levels. The presence of an intake screen significantly reduced entrainment, in some cases reducing mortality from over 90% (unscreened) to less than 2% (when screened). Although some differences in behaviour existed between species, approach velocities (measured 8 cm in front of the screen) up to 0.4 m s−1 effectively reduced entrainment, with very little injury or mortality resulting from incidental screen contacts or impingement. Both species used visual cues to negotiate the screen face, thereby increasing their ability to avoid contact at higher velocities. In the absence of these visual cues, positive rheotactic behaviour was enhanced and fish mostly avoided approaching the screen. These results demonstrate that fish screens operated at approach velocities of up to 0.4 m s−1 have great potential for the protection of silver perch and golden perch juveniles at irrigation intakes.
Absence of the crayfish plague pathogen (Aphanomyces astaci) facilitates coexistence of European and American crayfish in central Europe
Authors: SCHRIMPF ANNE , MAIWALD TORSTEN , VRÅLSTAD TRUDE , SCHULZ HOLGER K. , ŚMIETaNA PRZEMYSLAW , SCHULZ RALF 
Published: February 2013

Summary1. Most European crayfish species are strongly threatened, mainly as a result of the introduced pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, transmitted by invasive North American crayfish. Long‐term coexistence of American and European crayfish species is therefore regarded as almost impossible, even though some coexisting populations have been observed.2. In this study, crayfish were collected from presently coexisting populations of the introduced spiny‐cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) and the native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) from nine standing waters in central Europe. Our aim was to resolve whether the coexistence resulted from reduced virulence in local strains of A. astaci, increased immunity in the native crayfish or an absence of the pathogen in these populations. We used highly sensitive A. astaci‐specific real‐time PCR to evaluate the crayfish latent carrier status, combined with transmission experiments to further validate the molecular results.3. From the total of 523 crayfish tested (490 spiny‐cheek crayfish, 33 noble crayfish), none positive for A. astaci was detected. Transmission experiments confirmed these results: No abnormal mortality or behavioural changes were seen in noble crayfish kept together with American crayfish from the coexisting populations. If we assume a very low prevalence of A. astaci of 10% in a carrier population, there is a 98% probability of disease being absent in five of the nine coexisting populations tested. Hence, a consistent absence, or an extremely low prevalence, of A. astaci seems to allow the coexistence of European and American crayfish in these central European populations.4. The results are important for native crayfish conservation and management and demonstrate that disease transmission risk may vary substantially between the different populations of spiny‐cheek crayfish in central Europe.
The Politics of Childcare Provisioning: A Geographical Perspective
Authors: Gallagher Aisling 
Published: February 2013

AbstractChildcare has been an important site of analysis for feminist geographers over the last twenty years. This paper will offer a review of work to date in geography which focuses on childcare. The review is organised under three themes; the changing policy landscape around childcare and its implications for service provision, the spatial politics of access to childcare and the (re)production of childcare as ‘women’s work’. Given the breadth of work in these areas, and reflecting the contexts in which much of this work has been conducted, the debates highlighted speak to concerns raised in liberal welfare regimes. In the process I argue that there remain pertinent areas where geographers are well placed to contribute and signal some new questions which need to be asked around the politics of childcare provision today.
Hypovolemia in Extracorporeal Life Support Can Lead to Arterial Gaseous Microemboli
Authors: Simons Antoine P. , Ganushchak Yuri M. , Teerenstra Steven , Bergmans Dennis C. , Maessen Jos G. , Weerwind Patrick W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNext to severely decreased pump flow, hypovolemia in extracorporeal life support (ELS) can result in subatmospheric venous line pressure. Such pressure may lead to degassing and resultant gaseous microemboli (GME), with potential changes in neurological clinical outcome. CME activity resulting from degassing was investigated in relation to subatmospheric venous line pressure, partial oxygen pressure (pO2), and hematocrit in a model of a centrifugal pump‐based circuit for long‐term ELS. Additionally, a device that provides instantaneous volume buffer capacity during hypovolemia was evaluated in relation to GME appearance. An exponential relationship was found between decreasing venous line pressure and GME downstream of the centrifugal pump (P = 0.001). Arterial bubble activity appeared at subatmospheric venous line pressures of −200 mm Hg and less. A rising (pO2) increased formation of GME (P = 0.05). A rise in hematocrit, in contrast, did not affect embolic activity (P = 0.22). With simulated hypovolemia, volume buffer capacity added to the venous line dampened fluctuations of venous line pressure by approximately 40%, but a significant reduction in GME formation could not be found (P = 0.22). Moreover, the device enabled a 14% higher support flow. With ELS flow being related to patient volume status, hypovolemia can diminish support. A coherent decrease of venous line pressure triggers degassing of blood‐dissolved gases and causes arterial GME, which can become massive during persistent conditions of limited venous return. Incorporation of a volume buffer capacity device into the extracorporeal support circuit enables a higher and more stable support flow in critically low patient filling.
Digital Analysis of Anterior Dental Esthetic Parameters in Patients with Bilateral Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis
Authors: Pini Núbia Pavesi , De‐Marchi Luciana Manzotti , Gribel Bruno Frazão , Pascotto Renata Corrêa 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze anterior dental esthetic parameters—width/height ratio (WHR), gingival zenith (GZ), and apparent contact dimension (ACD)—in patients with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) bilaterally treated with space closure and recontouring of the canines, or with implant‐supported prostheses.MethodsFifty‐two participants were allocated into three groups as follows: MLIA patients (N = 18) treated with teeth recontouring (RG); MLIA patients (N = 10) treated with implants (IG); and volunteers without agenesis (N = 24), who served as controls (CG). Dental casts of all patients were obtained and electronically scanned. Digital images were analyzed with 3Shape A/S OrthoAnalyser software (Copenhagen, Denmark). Shapiro–Wilk test, Spearman correlation, and Kruskal–Wallis statistical tests (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAlthough IG presented smaller means when compared with RG and CG, no statistical differences were found for WHR among groups (p > 0.05). Concerning GZ, RG presented more discrepancies than IG and CG, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0165). IG presented statistically significant differences for the ACD in comparison with RG and CG (p < 0.05).ConclusionBased on the results of this study, patients treated with space closure and teeth recontouring (RG) were shown to be closest to patients without agenesis (CG) in relation to the anterior dental esthetic parameters evaluated.Clinical SignificanceThe digital analysis of esthetic principles, such as those investigated in this study involving maxillary incisor agenesis, is paramount to successful esthetic treatment planning. The results of the present study, as well as those found in the literature, indicate that clinicians should use esthetic parameters, such as those investigated herein, when treatment planning extensive oral rehabilitation cases.
The Apple is Grown, the Grape is Given: Two Modes of Mapuche Exchange
Authors: Course Magnus 
Published: February 2013

ResumenEste trabajo explora el contraste entre dos modos sociales de beber entre los Mapuche del Sur de Chile: el implicado por la chicha, y el referido al vino. Mientras que la chicha es producida y compartida sin mayor elaboración, el intercambio de vino aparece como altamente elaborado y es entendido como el acto paradigmático para la creación de una relación social. Mi análisis sugiere que esta diferente estimación de dos tipos de bebida, superficialmente similares, deriva del hecho de que el vino y la chicha están metonímica y respectivamente relacionados con el intercambio mercantil y la producción doméstica. Mientras que la chicha se produce en el seno del hogar, el vino sólo puede obtenerse en la medida en que se ingresa en relaciones mercantiles con los no mapuche. Esta desvalorización de la producción frente al intercambio sirve como punto de partida para reflexionar acerca de las conceptualizaciones mapuche referidas a la economía, otorgándonos adicionalmente una nueva perspectiva vinculada a algunos intentos antropológicos recientes de retratar a las sociedades amerindias en general como caracterizadas por un modelo de relaciones sociales de “intercambio” en lugar de uno centrado en la “producción”.
Sex‐dependent alterations in BDNF‐TrkB signaling in the hippocampus of reelin heterozygous mice: a role for sex steroid hormones
Authors: Hill Rachel A. , Wu Yee‐Wen Candace , Gogos Andrea , van den Buuse Maarten 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNeurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia may be caused by a combination of gene × environment, gene × gene, and/or gene × sex interactions. Reduced expression of both Reelin and Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with schizophrenia in human post‐mortem studies. However, it remains unclear how Reelin and BDNF interact (gene × gene) and whether this is sex‐specific (gene × sex). This study investigated BDNF‐TrkB signaling in the hippocampus of male and female Reelin heterozygous (Rln+/−) mice. We found significantly increased levels of BDNF in the ventral hippocampus (VHP) of female, but not male Rln+/− compared to wild‐type (WT) controls. While levels of TrkB were not significantly altered, phosphorylated TrkB (pTrkB) levels were significantly lower, again only in female Rln+/− compared to WT. This translated to downstream effects with a significant decrease in phosphorylated ERK1 (pERK1). No changes in BDNF, TrkB, pTrkB or pERK1/2 were observed in the dorsal hippocampus of Rln+/− mice. Ovariectomy (OVX) had no effect in WT controls, but caused a significant decrease in BDNF expression in the VHP of Rln+/− mice to the levels of intact WT controls. The high expression of BDNF was restored in OVX Rln+/− mice by 17β‐estradiol treatment, suggesting that Rln+/− mice respond differently to an altered estradiol state than WT controls. In addition, while OVX had no significant effect on TrkB or ERK expression/phosphorylation, OVX + estradiol treatment markedly increased TrkB and ERK1 phosphorylation in Rln+/− and, to a lesser extent in WT controls, compared to intact genotype‐matched controls. These data may provide a better understanding of the interaction of Reelin and BDNF in the hippocampus, which may be involved in schizophrenia.
In Their Profession's Service: How Staff Professionals Exert Influence in Their Organization
Authors: Daudigeos Thibault 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper seeks to better understand the way staff professionals bring professional practices inside their organization by examining how they enact a practical agency to promote or disrupt practices. From an inductive study of occupational safety and health managers in a multinational construction company, we develop a framework of how staff professionals build perceived legitimacy and exert unobtrusive influence tactics to manoeuvre around social constraints. We contend that our principal contribution to the literature on institutional work is to provide a situated account of the practical agency of staff professionals inside one organization. In doing so, we extend current knowledge of the embedded agency paradox. Finally, our analysis offers new insights into the literature on professions and institutions by highlighting the work of staff professionals in a real‐life context, which has received scant attention in the last three decades.
Contrasting effects of climate change on the timing of reproduction and reproductive success of a temperate insectivorous bat
Authors: Lučan R. K. , Weiser M. , Hanák V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe used long‐term datasets to analyse (1) the patterns of covariation between basic climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) and the timing of reproduction and reproductive success; and (2) long‐term trends in both reproductive parameters of a maternity colony of Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii in South Bohemia, Czech Republic. The mean April temperature was the best predictor of the timing of reproduction. The higher the April temperature, the earlier the first neonates appeared. The mean date of first parturition was June 4, but it advanced significantly by c. 11 days between 1970 and 2012. Similarly, the mean April temperature increased over the study period by c. 2.7°C. Between 1999 and 2012, the mean reproductive success (proportion of reproductive females) was 74%, but varied between 33% (2009) and 93% (2006). It was negatively related to May–July precipitation. Thus, reproductive success was lower in years with increased rainfall. Given the published evidence that advancement in parturition is positively related to survival of juvenile bats rising spring temperatures may have a beneficial influence on the population dynamics of Daubenton's bats. However, increased incidence of climatic extremes, such as excessive summer rainfall, may largely buffer this effect. Consequently, populations of temperate insectivorous bats may experience increasing environmental stress under continuing climate change.
Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy through an Ollier Lateral U Approach for Early‐stage Osteoarthritis Secondary to Acetabular Dysplasia
Authors: Sun Wei , Shi Zhen‐cai , Li Zi‐rong , Yang Yu‐run , Wang Bai‐liang , Guo Wan‐shou 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the surgical technique and mid‐term results of rotational acetabular osteotomy for early ‐stage osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular dysplasia.MethodsRotational acetabular osteotomies were performed on 14 hips of 12 patients from May 2000 to May 2006 and the patients followed up. All patients were female and their average age was 28.9 years (range, 13–46 years) at the time of surgery. The mean duration of clinical and roentgenographic follow‐up was 6.0 years (range, 3.1–9.1 years). The lateral center‐edge (CE) angle, acetabular roof angle and head lateralization index were measured on radiographs taken preoperatively, postoperatively and at the time of final follow‐up. Clinical follow‐up included use of the Harris hip score. The acetabular osteotomies were performed through an Ollier lateral U transtrochanteric approach and postoperative traction and cast immobilization were not used.ResultsAll patients had satisfactory pain relief. The mean preoperative Harris score was 72 points; this had improved to a mean of 91 points at the time of last follow‐up (P < 0.05). The mean CE angle improved from 0.9° preoperatively to 27° postoperatively (P < 0.05), the mean acetabular roof angle from 29° to 5° (P < 0.05) and the mean head lateralization index from 0.68 to 0.65. Solid bone‐to‐bone healing of the osteotomy sites and great trochanters occurred in all patients.ConclusionsRotational acetabular osteotomy through an Ollier lateral U approach, which provides wide exposure and technical ease, for early‐stage osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular dysplasia can relieve pain and delay the appearance or reduce the severity of osteoarthritis. Satisfactory mid‐term results can be obtained.
Genetic diversity and population structure of the selected core set in Amaranthus using SSR markers
Authors: Khaing Aye Aye , Moe Kyaw Thu , Chung Jung‐Wook , Baek Hyung‐Jin , Park Yong‐Jin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe genus Amaranthus has gained much attention, particularly for its high economic and nutritional value. It is a genus of taxonomic complexity with many interspecific hybrids. For effective conservation and management of the germplasm collected, the development of a core set of accessions is especially important. A core set of 63 accessions was successfully developed from an entire collection of 634 accessions using the powercore 1.0. Among the tested methods for developing the core set – the advanced M strategy using the modified heuristic method (HCC), randomly chosen collections and stratified random collections – HCC was found to be best, with 100% coverage of alleles and minimum redundancy. Allele frequency distribution of the core set developed with HCC was highly correlated with that of entire collections (r = 0.91). Model‐based structure analysis revealed the presence of three subpopulations and 11 admixtures in the selected core set, which is basically consistent with clustering based on the genetic distance. The results from this study will provide effective information for future germplasm conservation and improvement programmes in Amaranthus.
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling to Evaluate the Design of Hospital Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Systems for Inactivating Airborne Mycobacteria†
Authors: Xu Peng , Fisher Noah , Miller Shelly L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis research was conducted to evaluate the design of hospital ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems and to assess their effectiveness for inactivating airborne mycobacteria. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and tested by simulating previous experiments measuring the effectiveness of a lab‐based UVGI system. Model testing showed reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. The model captured trends similar to the experiments: Effectiveness of an upper‐room UVGI system is higher when there is no ventilation compared with when there is ventilation, and wintertime ventilation conditions can markedly decrease the performance of an upper‐room UVGI system. The CFD model was then applied to evaluate the design of three hospital patient rooms. A patient and an exam room with upper‐room UVGI systems, and a patient room with an exhaust duct system were studied. Results showed that one of the UVGI systems was not very effective, due to the very efficient ventilation design. The other two configurations were reasonably to very effective at inactivating airborne mycobacteria. The most effective application was the one in which the room air‐exchange rate was very low. CFD modeling can be useful for assessing whether hospital UVGI installations and ventilation systems are effective for infection control.
Rigid versus semi‐rigid thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of pleural disease: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Rozman Ales , Camlek Luka , Marc‐Malovrh Mateja , Triller Nadja , Kern Izidor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveThoracoscopy with a semi‐rigid instrument is a recent technique successfully used for diagnosing pleural diseases. However, there are concerns about the diagnostic adequacy of biopsy samples obtained by semi‐rigid procedures when compared with rigid thoracoscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare the size, quality and diagnostic adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained at semi‐rigid and rigid thoracoscopy in a prospective, randomized fashion.MethodsPatients with pleural effusion of unknown origin and/or pleural irregularities suspicious for pleural malignancy were included after less invasive means of diagnosis had failed. All procedures were performed under local anaesthesia with intravenous sedation/analgesia with a single point of entry. Patients were randomly assigned to a rigid instrument procedure (Olympus EndoEYE WA50120A, forceps) or semi‐rigid instrument procedure (Olympus LTF‐160, FB‐55CR‐1 forceps).ResultsEighty‐four patients were randomized. Five of them were excluded because of lack of pleural space. Thirty‐eight patients were assigned to a rigid and 41 to a semi‐rigid procedure, with mean follow up 24.1 (±8.1) months after the procedure. The average size of the sample obtained by rigid thoracoscopy was 24.7 mm2 (±12.9), and 11.7 mm2 (±7.6) by semi‐rigid thoracoscopy. There were no differences in the quality and interpretability of the specimens assessed by the pathologist. The diagnostic accuracy was 100% for the rigid procedure and 97.6% for the semi‐rigid procedure.ConclusionsThe samples obtained by semi‐rigid thoracoscopy were smaller, but of adequate quality. The diagnostic accuracy was comparable with that of rigid thoracoscopy in the evaluation of pleural disease.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) Provisionally Designated PPV5
Authors: Xiao Chao-Ting , Halbur Patrick G. , Opriessnig Tanja 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
A new porcine parvovirus (PPV) was identified from pig lung tissues in the United States. It is most closely related to the recently identified PPV4 with overall genomic identities of 64.1 to 67.3%. Unlike PPV4, this virus lacks the additional open reading frame 3 (ORF3) and has a much longer ORF2. The name PPV5 is provisionally proposed.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Archaeal Rudivirus Recovered from a Mexican Hot Spring
Authors: Servín-Garcidueñas Luis E. , Peng Xu , Garrett Roger A. , Martínez-Romero Esperanza 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the consensus genome sequence of a novel GC-rich rudivirus, designated SMR1 (
Sulfolobales
Mexican rudivirus 1), assembled from a high-throughput sequenced environmental sample from a hot spring in Los Azufres National Park in western Mexico.