bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐nucleus and spatial transcriptome reveal adrenal homeostasis in normal and tumoural adrenal glands
Authors: Altieri Barbara , Secener A. Kerim , Sai Somesh , Fischer Cornelius , Sbiera Silviu , Arampatzi Panagiota , Kircher Stefan , Herterich Sabine , Landwehr Laura‐Sophie , Vitcetz Sarah N. , Braeuning Caroline , Fassnacht Martin , Ronchi Cristina L. , Sauer Sascha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe human adrenal gland is a complex endocrine tissue. Studies on adrenal renewal have been limited to animal models or human foetuses. Enhancing our understanding of adult human adrenal homeostasis is crucial for gaining insights into the pathogenesis of adrenal diseases, such as adrenocortical tumours.Here, we present a comprehensive cellular genomics analysis of the adult human normal adrenal gland, combining single‐nuclei RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome data to reconstruct adrenal gland homeostasis. As expected, we identified primary cells of the various zones of the adrenal cortex and medulla, but we also uncovered additional cell types. They constitute the adrenal microenvironment, including immune cells, mostly composed of a large population of M2 macrophages, and new cell populations, including different subpopulations of vascular‐endothelial cells and cortical‐neuroendocrine cells. Utilizing spatial transcriptome and pseudotime trajectory analysis, we support evidence of the centripetal dynamics of adrenocortical cell maintenance and the essential role played by Wnt/β‐catenin, sonic hedgehog, and fibroblast growth factor pathways in the adult adrenocortical homeostasis. Furthermore, we compared single‐nuclei transcriptional profiles obtained from six healthy adrenal glands and twelve adrenocortical adenomas. This analysis unveiled a notable heterogeneity in cell populations within the adenoma samples. In addition, we identified six distinct adenoma‐specific clusters, each with varying distributions based on steroid profiles and tumour mutational status.Overall, our results provide novel insights into adrenal homeostasis and molecular mechanisms potentially underlying early adrenocortical tumorigenesis and/or autonomous steroid secretion. Our cell atlas represents a powerful resource to investigate other adrenal‐related pathologies.
Plasticity drives the trait variation of a foundation marsh species migrating into coastal forests with sea‐level rise
Authors: Kottler Ezra J. , Hamilton Matthew B. , Gedan Keryn B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate‐driven ecosystem shifts occur through turnover in the foundation species which structure the landscape. Therefore, to predict the fate of areas undergoing climate‐driven ecosystem shifts, one approach is to characterize ecological and evolutionary responses of foundation species along dynamic environmental gradients. One such gradient is the ecotone between tidal marshes and maritime forests in coastal areas of the US Mid‐Atlantic region where accelerated sea‐level rise and coastal storms of increased frequency and intensity are driving forest dieback and inland marsh migration. Mid‐Atlantic tidal marshes are structured by marsh grasses which act as foundation species, and these grasses exhibit trait variation across their distribution from established marsh interior to their inland migration front. We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment with Spartina patens, a dominant high marsh grass and foundation species, between established populations in the high marsh and range edge populations in the forest understory at three Mid‐Atlantic sites. We monitored environmental conditions in marsh and forest understory habitats, measured plant traits (above‐ and belowground biomass, specific leaf area, leaf N and C concentrations) in transplanted and reference non‐transplanted individuals, and used microsatellite markers to determine the genetic identity of transplants to quantify clonality between habitats and sites. Individuals transplanted into the forest understory exhibited a plastic shift in resource allocation to aboveground structures associated with light acquisition, with shifts in transplants making them more morphologically similar to reference individuals sampled from the forest habitat. Clonal diversity and genetic distance among transplants were relatively high at two of three sites, but individuals at all sites exhibited trans‐habitat plasticity regardless of clonal diversity or a lack thereof. Individuals grown in the forest understory showed lower vegetative and reproductive fitness. Nevertheless, the trait plasticity exhibited by this species allowed individuals from the forest that were transplanted into the marsh to recoup significant biomass in only a single growing season. We predict high plasticity will facilitate the persistence of colonizing S. patens individuals under suboptimal forest shade conditions until forest dieback increases light availability, ultimately promoting continued inland migration of this foundation species under sea‐level rise.
Prediction of 90 day readmission in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by interpretable machine learning
Authors: Zheng Baojia , Liang Tao , Mei Jianping , Shi Xiuru , Liu Xiaohui , Li Sikai , Wan Yuting , Zheng Yifeng , Yang Xiaoyue , Huang Yanxia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsCertain critical risk factors of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients were significantly different from those of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients, resulting in the limitations of existing predictive models in real‐world situations. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model for predicting 90 day readmission for HFpEF patients.Methods and ResultsData were extracted from electronic health records from 1 August 2020 to 1 August 2021 and follow‐up records of patients with HFpEF within 3 months after discharge. Feature extraction was performed by univariate analysis combined with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms. Machine learning models like eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest, neural network and logistic regression were adopted to construct models. The discrimination and calibration of each model were compared, and the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to explore the interpretability of the model. The cohort included 746 patients, of whom 103 (13.8%) were readmitted within 90 days. XGBoost owned the best performance [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.896, precision‐recall area under the curve (PR‐AUC) = 0.868, sensitivity = 0.817, specificity = 0.837, balanced accuracy = 0.827]. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic was 0.694 at 0.468 in the XGBoost model. SHAP identified the top 12 risk features, including activities of daily living (ADL), left atrial dimension (LAD), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVDD), shortness, nitrates, length of stay, nutritional risk, fall risk, accompanied by other symptoms, educational level, anticoagulants and edema.ConclusionsOur model could help medical agencies achieve the early identification of 90 day readmission risk in HFpEF patients and reveal risk factors that provide valuable insights for treatments.
The social amplification of illusory correlations
Authors: Mendonça Cristina , Mata André , Ferreira Mário Boto , Alves Hans 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIllusory correlations are thought to underlie many undesirable judgements and behaviours, such as those that result in out‐group discrimination. In this research, illusory correlations are investigated in a dynamic fashion using the serial reproduction paradigm. Specifically, participants learned about members of certain groups and behaviours that they performed or attributes that they possessed. Afterwards, they were asked to recall that information and pass it on to other participants, such that whatever memory bias they produced was built into the information that was presented to others. Results revealed a weak tendency for the first participants to perceive an illusory correlation between certain groups and certain behaviours or attributes. More importantly, this pattern grew stronger as information was communicated across participants in a communication chain. That is, the illusory correlation became larger as the information passed from one participant to the next. These results show how biases can grow in society, such that what starts out as a very small misperception can acquire large proportions when incorrect information travels through different people.
Investigation of sample handling steps for accurate heparan sulphate disaccharide analysis using HPLC–MS
Authors: Pál Domonkos , Tóth Gábor , Turiák Lilla 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeparan sulphates (HSs), a specific class of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), are important participants of cellular signalling. Analytical characterization of GAGs requires a complex sample preparation workflow. Although a detailed stability and recovery study is available for the chondroitin sulphate GAG class, the literature concerning HS is incomplete in this regard. Therefore, our aim was to systematically investigate various parameters that could potentially influence the stability and recovery of HS samples when performing disaccharide analysis using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. First, effects concerning vacuum evaporation and freezing were investigated. Next, the storage stability of the HS disaccharides was analysed under several conditions such as temperature, pH, digestion buffers, injection solvents and storage vessels. We have identified several critical parameters influencing the stability and recovery of HS disaccharides. We concluded that major sample loss is expected when Tris–HCl is used as digestion buffer, followed by vacuum evaporation at elevated temperatures, or samples are stored under alkaline conditions. Following the practical considerations of this paper can contribute to increasing the reliability of future analytical measurements.
Addressing electrode passivation in lithium–sulfur batteries by site‐selective morphology‐controlled Li2S formation
Authors: Kim Ilju , Jung Jinkwan , Kim Sejin , Cho Hannah , Chu Hyunwon , Jo Wonhee , Shin Dongjae , Kwon Hyeokjin , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe sulfur utilization efficiency of lithium–sulfur batteries is often limited by the uncontrolled electrodeposition of the insulating Li2S and the resulting electrode passivation. Herein, purposeful electrode and electrolyte design is used to realize site‐selective three‐dimensional (3D) Li2S electrodeposition and thus mitigate the above problem. Site‐selective Li2S nucleation is induced at the tips of CoP nanoneedles grown on a carbon cloth electrode, and the 3D growth of Li2S at these tips without the passivation of the inner part is achieved using a LiBr‐containing high‐donor‐number electrolyte. The controlled Li2S morphology is rationalized by considering the tip effect, the energy of Li2S binding on the electrode surface, and the solubility of Li2S in the electrolyte. Owing to the suppressed electrode passivation, CoP nanoneedle–decorated carbon cloth electrode and LiBr‐containing electrolyte deliver a capacity of >1400 mAh gs−1 at a current density of 0.33 A gs−1. Thus, this work paves the way for the active control of Li2S morphology for high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries.image
What Is the Smallest Model of a System?
Authors: Schindel William D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHow we represent systems is fundamental to the history of mathematics, science, and engineering. Model‐based engineering methods shift the nature of representation of systems from historical prose forms to explicit data structures more directly comparable to those of science and mathematics. However, using models does not guarantee simpler representation—indeed a typical fear voiced about models is that they may be too complex.Minimality of system representations is of both theoretical and practical interest. The mathematical and scientific interest is that the size of a system's “minimal representation” is one definition of its complexity. The practical engineering interest is that the size and redundancy of engineering specifications challenge the effectiveness of systems engineering processes. INCOSE thought leaders have asked how systems work can be made 10:1 simpler to attract a 10:1 larger global community of practitioners. And so, we ask: What is the smallest model of a system?
Karpologische Untersuchungen der Steinkerne fossiler und rezenter Amygdalaceae (Rosales)
Authors: Mai Dieter Hans 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungKarpologische Untersuchungen ergeben wichtige Kriterien für eine Gliederung der Amygdalaceae (Drupaceae) in den Unterfamilien und Gattungen. Nach der Orientierung der Samen und den Merkmalen von Innervation und Plazentation sind die Unterfamilien Prunoideao Focke, Oemlerioideae nom. nov. et stat. nov. und Prinsepioidoae Sterling zu unterscheiden. Die Familie umfaßt gegenwärtig 5 abgrenzbare Gattungen: Maddenia Hook. f. et Thoms., Oemleria Rchb., Prinsepia Royle, Prunus L. und Pygeum Gaertn. Eine subgenerische Einteilung kann karpologisch nicht bestätigt werden. Arealgeographische Studien fúhren zur Annahme einer laurasisch‐paläo(boreo)tropischen Entstehung und eines hohen erdgeschichtlichen Alters der ganzen Familie. Aus Europa lassen sich fossile Belego nur für die Gattungen Prunus L. (Subgenera Prunus, Amygdalus (L.) Benth., Cerasus (Adans.) Focke, Padua (Moench) Focke und Lithocarpus Ingram; 23 Arten Eozän bis Pleistozän) und Prinsepia Royle (Oligozän‐Pliozän, I Art) nachweisen. Neu sínd die Arten Prinsepia kirchheimeri (Szafer) comb. nov., Prunus praecommunis (Menzel) comb. nov., P. nerchauensis sp. nov., P. schlechtendalii sp. nov., P. leporimontana sp. nov., P. moselensis sp. nov., P. pliovenosa nom. nov. und P. tenerirugosa sp. nov.
Epidermal structure and stomatal ontogeny in some Gymnosperms from Nigeria
Authors: Karatela Y. Y. , Gill L. S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe morpho‐ontogeny of six gymnospermic taxa have been studied. All except Encephalartos barteri are aliens. In a topographical classification stomata are identified as anomocytic and cyclocytic. The ontogeny of stomata in Pinus resinosa and P. strobus is typically syndetocheilic while it is haplocheilic in Araucaria bidwillii, A. excelsa, E. barteri and Thuja orientalis. Anomocytic stomatal type is recorded in A. bidwillii, A. excelsa, P. resinosa, P. strobus whereas anomycytic/cyclocytic types of stomata are observed in Encephalartos barteri and Thuja orientalis.
Trochobryum carniolicum Breidl. & Beck., ein für die Bryoflora Rumäniens neu aufgefundenes Relikt
Authors: Mohan Gh. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungBei Aufsammlungen im Rotnei‐Gebirge (nördlicher Teil der rumänischen Karpathen) fand der Autor eine Moosart – Trochobryum carniolocum Bheidl & Beck., die neu für die Karpathen und für die rumänische Bryoflora ist.
Vegetation of inland desert wadies in Egypt VII. Ecophysiological characteristics of plant communities in wadi systems east of Minya Province
Authors: El‐Sharkawi H. M. , Ramadan A. A. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe characteristic species of the four communities previously identified in the phytosociological study of the area, as well as the characteristic species of the alliance the communities were classified under, were sampled and chemically analysed. The analysis included four of the soluble metabolites which affect the ecophysiological adjustments of plants to drought conditions, and hence their water relations, namely: soluble sugars, hydrolysable (reserve) carbohydrates, total free amino acids and soluble proteins. The data revealed that : 1 – Despite the wide differences in specific metabolite content of any species sampled from different stands, yet average content for each community shows significant differences with other communities. 2 – The differences indicate relative potentialities of each community for enduring drought, and are correlated to the previously recognized ecology of their habitats. 3 – Species, and to some extend communities, are specific at various degrees in utilising certain metabolites in adjusting to drought. 4 – The ecophysiological identity of the communities could be strongly correlated to its floristies in terms of fidelity among the characteristic species and to their edaphic environment.
Comparing development‐matched and age‐matched play targets: A replication and extension
Authors: Agana Toni Rose T. , Sidener Tina M. , Pane Heather M. , Reeve Sharon A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious research has supported selecting development‐matched targets rather than age‐matched targets to teach play skills to children with autism spectrum disorder. However, few studies have been conducted, and replications and extensions of this research are needed. The current study replicated Pane et al. (2022) by comparing the acquisition of development‐matched and age‐matched play targets when teaching play skills to four children with autism. No contrived prompts or consequences were used to teach play skills in either condition. Extensions included identifying targets via a newer version of the Developmental Play Assessment, targeting different play categories, assessing additional imitation skills, and conducting a caregiver assessment to identify socially valid toys, play actions, and vocalizations based on each participant's common experiences and preferences as well as their caregiver's values and preferences. As in Pane et al., participants demonstrated a higher level of scripted play actions in the development‐matched condition.
Ibuprofen removal by modified natural zeolite: characterization, modeling, and adsorption mechanisms
Authors: Ribeiro Anna Carla , Martins Moreira Wardleison , Bruguer Ferri Bruna , dos Federici Santos Débora , Neves Olsen Scaliante Mara Heloisa , de da Costa Neves Fernandes Almeida Duarte Elizabeth , Bergamasco Rosângela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeveloping robust technologies to remove emerging pollutants from water is urgent since conventional treatments are not technically prepared to remove them. This paper investigated the ibuprofen (IBU) adsorption capacity onto natural zeolite (NZ) and hydrothermally modified zeolite in an acidic medium followed by impregnation with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (MZHT‐CTAB). The materials characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm (BET), Zeta Potential (ZP), and Point of Zero Charge (pHPZC). The adsorptive capacity studies were carried out by varying the pH solution, a kinetic study at three concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg L−1), and the contaminant concentration influence (5–100 mg L−1).RESULTSThe results showed that the MZHT‐CTAB obtained both the highest removal efficiency (~ 37%) and the highest adsorption capacity (~ 14 mg g−1) at pH 5.0. The Pseudo Second‐Order (PSO) model, which showed the best fit to the experimental data, is significant as it indicates the reliability of our results. The maximum adsorption capacity for the concentration of 100 mg L−1 was 11.93 mg g−1. According to Giles's classification, the isotherm was classified as S‐3 type, indicating the competition between the adsorbate and water molecules for the active sites on the adsorbent surface.CONCLUSIONThe adsorption studies demonstrate that the novel adsorbent (MZHT‐CTAB) is highly effective in removing IBU, presenting a significant removal capacity and feasibility. This promising result contributes to the ongoing search for alternative materials for water treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Growth at 2 years corrected age in preterm infants discharged on two different breast milk enhancements: An observational study
Authors: Gehl Brigitta , Feinn Richard , Haines Kathleen , Hussain Naveed , Lainwala Shabnam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveBreast milk (BM) enhancement is often used to meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants after hospital discharge to achieve optimal growth. This study compared growth at 18–28 months corrected age (CA) among very preterm (VP) and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) on two BM enhancements.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review study of infants born between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, with gestational age < 32 weeks or birthweight < 1500 g, discharged from the NICU on BM enhancements; fortification of BM with infant formula additives (BM‐F) or unfortified BM supplemented with bottle feeds of infant formula (BM‐S). BM enhancements were nonrandomized and determined by the medical team. A linear mixed model regression analysis with propensity score matching was used to estimate the adjusted associations between the nutrition plan at discharge and growth outcomes at 18–28 months CA follow‐up.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐one VLBW/VP infants were included. Compared with BM‐S, infants discharged on BM‐F were more likely to continue receiving BM at 8–12 months CA, and had lower head circumference, weight‐for‐length z scores, and higher incidence of moderate malnutrition (p ≤ 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, discharge on BM‐F was associated with a lower incidence of overweight/obesity at 18–28 months CA (odds interval: 0.45; confidence interval: 0.21–0.96; p = 0.04).ConclusionsThis retrospective study suggests that VLBW/VP infants discharged on BM‐F received BM longer, had lower growth parameter and were less likely to be overweight/obese at 18–28 months CA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of postdischarge nutrition on preterm born children's growth, metabolic disease, and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Impact of Intra‐Phenotypic Nasal Vestibular Variation on Local Airflow Dynamics
Authors: Sicard Ryan , Russel Sarah , Jang David , Hachem Ralph Abi , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesMany individuals with healthy normal nasal anatomy and function exhibit a prominent notch indentation at the junction of the ala and sidewall, specifically around the anterior–superior region of the unilateral nasal vestibule up to the internal nasal valve. This study evaluates the influence of various sizes of notched indentations at the anterior nasal airway on local airflow pattern.MethodsA retrospective study involving 25 healthy individuals, each exhibiting at least one unilateral notched indentation (40 total airways). Each individual's notched indentation was quantified after subject‐specific three‐dimensional nasal airway reconstruction from radiographic images. Computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to simulate nasal inspiratory airflow in each nasal airway at 15 L/min. Localized airflow distributions passing through the inferior, middle, and superior regions were calculated at 15 cross sections.ResultsNotched indentation size ranged 1.75–86.84 mm2 (average = 22.37 mm2). At the anterior airway, notched size significantly correlated with inferior airflow volume (R = 0.32, p = 0.04) but not in the middle (R = 0.21, p = 0.20) or superior (R = 0.06, p = 0.70) regions, whereas middle and superior regional resistance values were significantly correlated with notched size (middle: R = 0.54, p < 0.001; superior: R = 0.41, p = 0.009). Medially, resistance at the middle region significantly correlated with notched size (R = 0.56, p < 0.001). At the posterior airway, airflow distributions through the inferior, middle, and superior regions demonstrated weak correlation with notched size (inferior: R = 0.24, p = 0.14, middle: R = 0.24, p = 0.13; superior:R = 0.03, p = 0.83), whereas resistance was significantly correlated in the middle and inferior regions (middle: R = 0.56, p < 0.001;inferior: R = 0.43, p = 0.006).ConclusionsAnterior nasal airway notched indentation size had significantly stronger influence on localized airflow volume through the anterior–inferior airway than other regions of the nasal passage.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024