bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of systemic bisphosphonate treatment on mechanical properties of BMP‐induced calluses in a rat fracture model: Comparison of three‐point bending and twisting test
Authors: Bosemark Per , Isaksson Hanna , Tägil Magnus 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe combination of autograft, BMP and bisphosphonate has been shown to produce strong calluses. In this study, without autograft we investigate the effect of bisphosphonate treatment on BMP‐induced calluses, both in bending and in rotation. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 42) underwent femoral osteotomy and BMP‐7 treatment. At 2 weeks an injection of saline or bisphosphonate was administered. The animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks. Both femurs were tested in either three‐point bending or twisting. All femurs healed. BMP + bisphosphonate‐treatment led to larger calluses (p < 0.05) and in three‐point bending, higher ultimate force (p < 0.01) and greater stiffness (p < 0.05) than BMP alone. The BMP + bisphosphonate group was nearly 60% stronger than controls, while the BMP group did not reach the strength (p < 0.05) nor stiffness (p < 0.01) of the controls. In the twisting test, similar trends were found but less pronounced. Three‐point bending produced transverse callus associated fractures, whereas the twisting test produced spiral fractures, located in the structurally weaker distal femur. BMP + bisphosphonate‐treatment produces calluses that are mechanically superior to calluses induced by BMP alone, when tested both in three‐point bending and in twisting. For the mechanical evaluation of pharmacologically enhanced calluses with breaking strengths exceeding the native bone, the bending test is recommended. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:721–726, 2014.
Non‐apical positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy for pT2 prostate cancer is associated with the highest risk of recurrence
Authors: Røder Martin Andreas , Kawa Sandra , Scheike Thomas , Toft Birgitte Grønkær , Hansen Jacob Bjerg , Brasso Klaus , Vainer Ben , Iversen Peter 
Published: February 2014

Background and ObjectiveTo investigate how location of positive surgical margins (PSM) in pT2 tumors affect the risk of biochemical recurrence (BR).MethodsThe study includes 1,133 consecutive patients from 1995 until end of 2011, who had organ‐confined disease (pT2) following RP. The location of PSM was stratified into apical and non‐apical. BR was defined as the first PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml after RP. Risk of BR was analyzed with Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 3.6 years (range: 0.5–15.5 years). The overall pT2 PSM rate was 26.3%. Overall, a pT2 with PSM had a 3.1‐fold increased risk of BR compared to margin negative patients. Patients with pT2 apical and non‐apical PSM had a 5‐year biochemical recurrence‐free survival of 84.9% (95% CI: 77.6–92.2%) and 78.6% (95% CI: 71.3–85.9%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, pT2 apical and non‐apical PSM was individually associated with a 2.2‐ and 3.8‐fold increased risk of BR compared to margin negative patients.ConclusionIn our cohort the location of pT2 PSM was associated with time to BR, that is, patients with non‐apical pT2 PSM endured the highest risk of BR compared to apical PSM. This may indicate that not all patients with pT2 PSM should be offered adjuvant therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:818–822. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whispering‐gallery mode lasing in ZnO microcavities
Authors: Xu Chunxiang , Dai Jun , Zhu Guangping , Zhu Gangyi , Lin Yi , Li Jitao , Shi Zengliang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) is considered as an ideal candidate for ultraviolet (UV) lasers due to its unique advantages of wide direct bandgap and large exciton binding energy. Recently, whispering‐gallery mode (WGM) lasing has attracted considerable attention for its high quality factor and low lasing threshold. The corresponding investigations have very important significance not only for fundamental scientific research but also for the potential applications in short‐wavelength optoelectronic devices. In this paper, progress in ZnO microlasers is reviewed systematically. The fabrication methods for ZnO WGM microcavities are introduced first. Then the characteristics of single‐photon and multiphoton pumped WGM lasing are presented. The lasing mechanisms on excitonic, electron–hole plasma and exciton–polariton lasing are reviewed in detail. Finally, recent advances in ZnO‐based microlaser devices such as heterojunction laser diodes are explored. The further research challenges and some strategies are also indicated for the promising applications.
Smart Nanocontainers: Progress on Novel Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Vesicles
Authors: Feng Anchao , Yuan Jinying 
Published: February 2014

In the past decade, polymer vesicles prepared by self‐assembly techniques have attracted increasing scientific interest based on their unique features highlighted with tunable membrane properties, versatility, stability, and capacity of transporting hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic species. Polymersomes exhibit intriguing potential applications such as cell mimicking dimensions and functions, tunable delivery vehicles, for the templating of biomineralization, nanoreactors, and as scaffolds for biological conjugation. In this Feature Article, an overview of the preparation and application of recently developed “smart” polymer vesicles, which can respond to the novel external stimuli, including carbon dioxide (CO2), electrochemical potential, ultrasound, enzyme, near‐infrared light, and magnetic field is given. The response mechanism and morphology change are explored with specific focus on the functionalization of various domains of the polymer vesicles. In addition, the current limitations are explored as well as the challenges facing the development of these nanostructures toward real‐world applications.
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Analysis of amphetamine‐type substances and piperazine analogues using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Stojanovska Natasha , Kelly Tamsin , Tahtouh Mark , Beavis Alison , Fu Shanlin 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALEAlthough amphetamine‐type substances (ATS) have been investigated extensively in recent years, scarce data is available on screening tests for piperazine analogues. The need for a universal technique capable of detecting an extensive range of drug compounds becomes increasingly important with the continued emergence of novel drug analogues.METHODSDesorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI‐MS) is a technique that allows examination of compounds in drug materials directly from ambient surfaces. In this study, DESI‐MS was utilised in the analysis of ATS including amphetamine (AP), methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4‐methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA), N,N‐dimethylamphetamine (DMA), 4‐methoxyamphetamine (PMA) and 4‐methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA), and piperazine analogues including 1‐benzylpiperazine (BZP), 1‐[3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (TFMPP), 1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) and 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP). Semi‐porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) sheets welled with a 3 mm hole punch were used to contain the 2 μL liquid sample (spot size 7 mm2).RESULTSThe limits of detection (LODs) of these compounds using DESI‐MS were determined to be in the range 0.02–2.80 µg/mm2. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision of the technique were <25% and <33%, respectively. DESI‐MS was successful in determining the compound of interest and reaction by‐products and impurities in the samples tested (such as 1,4‐dibenzylpiperazine in BZP samples) with the exception of those present in trace amounts. The effects of common adulterants on the detectability of MA were evaluated. The addition of magnesium stearate to MA significantly enhanced the signal response.CONCLUSIONSThis work has demonstrated the applicability of DESI‐MS in the screening and profiling of MDMA, PMMA, BZP, TFMPP, mCPP, MeOPP as well as other complex mixtures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zellfreie Proteinexpression für Forschung und Produktion
Authors: End Caroline , Walczuch Christian , Buntru Matthias 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is an important tool for molecular biology and can be used in applied and basic research. Especially as a high throughput technology for functional genomics and proteomics, CFPS systems offer a significant advantage compared to living cells. Toxic, membrane or viral proteins can be readily expressed in vitro. However, a low synthesis performance currently limits the use for bioproduction purposes. To overcome this limitation, new systems are being developed.
Household Emergency Preparedness by Housing Type from a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER), Michigan
Authors: Murti Michelle , Bayleyegn Tesfaye , Stanbury Martha , Flanders William Dana , Yard Ellen , Nyaku Mawuli , Wolkin Amy 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesWe examined the association between housing type and household emergency preparedness among households in Oakland County, Michigan.MethodsWe used interview data on household emergency preparedness from a cluster design survey in Oakland County, Michigan, in 2012. We compared survey-weighted frequencies of household demographics, medical conditions, and preparedness measures in single-detached homes versus multi-unit dwellings, and determined the unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and the income-level adjusted OR for each preparedness measure.ResultsHouseholds had similar demographics and medical conditions between housing types. Unadjusted ORs were statistically significant for single detached homes having a generator (11.1), back-up heat source (10.9), way to cook without utilities (5.8), carbon monoxide (CO) detector (3.8), copies of important documents (3.4), evacuation routes (3.1), and 3-day supply of water (2.5). Income level adjusted ORs remained statistically significant except for owning a CO detector.ConclusionsHouseholds in multi-unit dwellings were less likely to have certain recommended emergency plans and supplies compared to those in single detached homes. Further research is required to explore the feasibility, barriers, and alternatives for households in multi-unit dwellings in terms of complying with these measures. (Disaster Med Public Preparedness. 2014;0:1–8)
INCOMMENSURABILITY, RELATIVISM, AND THE EPISTEMIC AUTHORITY OF SCIENCE
Authors: Bland Steven 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOur rational inquiries necessarily take place within conceptual and epistemic frameworks, including our rational inquiries into the frameworks themselves. This fact, together with the existence of incommensurable frameworks, is exploited by a Kuhnian argument for conceptual and epistemic relativism which can be used to threaten the epistemic authority of science. It will be argued, however, that this move can be blocked by means of dialectical arguments that provide non-circular rational support for scientific frameworks, both conceptual and epistemic. These arguments proceed by means of conceptual and methodological analyses that reveal the presuppositions that are shared by those who subscribe to incommensurable frameworks. The frameworks that are better able to capture these presuppositions are objectively better than their competitors, and it will be argued that the conceptual and epistemic frameworks of science have precisely this advantage.
Transport mechanisms of the turbulent energy cascade in upward/downward bubbly flows
Authors: Lelouvetel J. , Tanaka T. , Sato Y. , Hishida K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe turbulent energy cascade in an upward or downward bubbly pipe flow with a Reynolds number of 1.5 × 104 was experimentally investigated in order to examine the effects of the flow direction on the turbulence modifications by bubbles. The bubble diameter was approximately 1 mm. The combination of a particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) system with Kolmogorov-order spatial and temporal resolutions and a shape projection imaging (SPI) system was used to simultaneously capture the liquid and bubble motions. The physical mechanisms of turbulence modification at each length scale, or in wavenumber space, were investigated by introducing a filtering-based scaling analysis, in which the filtering techniques derived from large eddy simulation (LES) were applied to the PTV measurements. The analysis can be used to examine the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) exchange between bubbles and flows at each wavenumber. We observed significant differences in the flow statistics and turbulent energy budget of upward and downward flows, which are due to the sign of the relative velocity of bubbles. A negative relative velocity (downward flow) induces greater modifications in the energy budget than a positive relative velocity (upward flow), which suggests that the bubble-transport term of the turbulent energy is greater when the flow has to push down the bubbles. The flow provides more energy to the bubbles when it pushes them in the downward direction. The flow will also receive and dissipate more energy from the bubbles in a downward flow compared with an upward flow due to the greater transverse motion of the bubbles. The analysis introduced in the present study shows that the energy transfer from large to small scales is decreased in an upward flow and is increased in a downward flow. Similarly, the sign of the bubble term indicates that turbulent flow receives energy from bubbles in an upward flow, while it transfers energy to bubbles in a downward flow. We also observed that this energy transport is approximately 10 times larger in a downward flow than in an upward flow.
Non-Boussinesq gravity currents propagating on different bottom slopes
Authors: Dai Albert 
Published: February 2014

AbstractExperiments on the non-Boussinesq gravity currents generated from an instantaneous buoyancy source propagating on an inclined boundary in the slope angle range $0^{\circ } \le \theta \le 9^{\circ }$ with relative density difference in the range of $0.05 \le \epsilon \le 0.17$ are reported, where $\epsilon = (\rho _1-\rho _0)/\rho _0$, with $\rho _1$ and $\rho _0$ the densities of the heavy and light ambient fluids, respectively. We showed that a $3/2$ power-law, ${(x_f+x_0)}^{3/2}= K_M^{3/2} {B_0'}^{1/2} (t+t_{I0})$, exists between the front location measured from the virtual origin, $(x_f+x_0)$, and time, $t$, in the early deceleration phase for both the Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq cases, where $K_M$ is a measured empirical constant, $B_0'$ is the total released buoyancy, and $t_{I0}$ is the $t$-intercept. Our results show that $K_M$ not only increases as the relative density difference increases but also assumes its maximum value at $\theta \approx 6^{\circ }$ for sufficiently large relative density differences. In the late deceleration phase, the front location data deviate from the $3/2$ power-law and the flow patterns on $\theta =6^{\circ },9^{\circ }$ slopes are qualitatively different from those on $\theta =0^{\circ },2^{\circ }$. In the late deceleration phase, we showed that viscous effects could become more important and another power-law, ${(x_f+x_0)}^{2}= K_{V}^{2} {B_0'}^{2/3} {{A}^{1/3}_0} {\nu }^{-1/3} (t+t_{V0})$, applies for both the Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq cases, where $K_V$ is an empirical constant, $A_0$ is the initial volume of heavy fluid per unit width, $\nu $ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluids, and $t_{V0}$ is the $t$-intercept. Our results also show that $K_V$ increases as the relative density difference increases and $K_V$ assumes its maximum value at $\theta \approx 6^{\circ }$.
Age-dependent effects of cord blood long-chain PUFA composition on BMI during the first 10 years of life
Authors: Standl Marie , Thiering Elisabeth , Demmelmair Hans , Koletzko Berthold , Heinrich Joachim 
Published: February 2014

In the present study, we investigated whether n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations in cord blood (CB) serum are associated with BMI up to 10 years of age, after accounting for LC-PUFA composition at 2, 6 and 10 years. The study was based on 388 participants of the German LISAplus (Influence of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood Plus the Influence of Traffic Emissions and Genetics) birth cohort study carried out in Munich. BMI was measured at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. Serum phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were measured by GC in CB and in blood collected at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. The association between n-3 LC-PUFA and n-6 LC-PUFA concentrations and n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids and BMI z-scores was assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for LC-PUFA composition at follow-up and potential confounders. Interaction terms between time of follow-up and LC-PUFA concentrations in CB were included. There was no consistent association between n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations in CB and BMI over time. However, there was a significant interaction between n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB and time of follow-up with respect to BMI (P= 0·0415): a negative effect at 2 years; no effect at 6 years; a positive effect at 10 years. BMI up to 10 years of age may be influenced by the n-6:n-3 ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids in a time-varying fashion. The present results thereby highlight the importance of considering age when examining associations between fatty acid concentrations and BMI.
Compared with that of MUFA, a high dietary intake ofn-3 PUFA does not reduce the degree of pathology in mdx mice
Authors: Henderson Gregory C. , Evans Nicholas P. , Grange Robert W. , Tuazon Marc A. 
Published: February 2014

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle disease that affects afflicted males from a young age, and the mdx mouse is an animal model of this disease. Although new drugs are in development, it is also essential to assess potential dietary therapies that could assist in the management of DMD. In the present study, we compared two diets, high-MUFA dietv. high-PUFA diet, in mdx mice. To generate the high-PUFA diet, a portion of dietary MUFA (oleic acid) was replaced with the dietary essentialn-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA). We sought to determine whether ALA, compared with oleic acid, was beneficial in mdx mice. Consumption of the high-PUFA diet resulted in significantly highern-3 PUFA content and reduced arachidonic acid content in skeletal muscle phospholipids (PL), while the high-MUFA diet led to higher oleate content in PL. Mdx mice on the high-MUFA diet exhibited 2-fold lower serum creatine kinase activity than those on the high-PUFA diet (P< 0·05) as well as a lower body fat percentage (P< 0·05), but no significant difference in skeletal muscle histopathology results. There was no significant difference between the dietary groups with regard to phosphorylated p65 (an inflammatory marker) in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, alteration of PL fatty acid (FA) composition by the high-PUFA diet made mdx muscle more susceptible to sarcolemmal leakiness, while the high-MUFA diet exhibited a more favourable impact. These results may be important for designing dietary treatments for DMD patients, and future work on dietary FA profiles, such as comparing other FA classes and dose effects, is needed.
Effect of Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum wheat on irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blinded randomised dietary intervention trial
Authors: Sofi Francesco , Whittaker Anne , Gori Anna Maria , Cesari Francesca , Surrenti Elisabetta , Abbate Rosanna , Gensini Gian Franco , Benedettelli Stefano , Casini Alessandro 
Published: February 2014

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a replacement diet with organic, semi-whole-grain products derived from Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum (ancient) wheat on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and inflammatory/biochemical parameters. A double-blinded randomised cross-over trial was performed using twenty participants (thirteen females and seven males, aged 18–59 years) classified as having moderate IBS. Participants received products (bread, pasta, biscuits and crackers) made either from ancient or modern wheat for 6 weeks in a random order. Symptoms due to IBS were evaluated using two questionnaires, which were compiled both at baseline and on a weekly basis during the intervention period. Blood analyses were carried out at the beginning and end of each respective intervention period. During the intervention period with ancient wheat products, patients experienced a significant decrease in the severity of IBS symptoms, such as abdominal pain (P< 0·0001), bloating (P= 0·004), satisfaction with stool consistency (P< 0·001) and tiredness (P< 0·0001). No significant difference was observed after the intervention period with modern wheat products. Similarly, patients reported significant amelioration in the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms only after the ancient wheat intervention period, as measured by the intensity of pain (P= 0·001), the frequency of pain (P< 0·0001), bloating (P< 0·0001), abdominal distension (P< 0·001) and the quality of life (P< 0·0001). Interestingly, the inflammatory profile showed a significant reduction in the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-17, interferon-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor after the intervention period with ancient wheat products, but not after the control period. In conclusion, significant improvements in both IBS symptoms and the inflammatory profile were reported after the ingestion of ancient wheat products.
Well-differentiated liposarcoma of the epiglottis
Authors: Pajaniappane A , Farzan J , Green D M , De M 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjective:Liposarcomas of the larynx and its sub-sites are rare. Within this group of tumours, well-differentiated liposarcomas of the epiglottis have been only sporadically reported. In view of its infrequent presentation, difficulty still exists over the diagnosis of this pathological entity, together with uncertainty over its exact accepted management.Method:We present the case of a well-differentiated liposarcoma of the epiglottis, and we review the associated English-language literature.Results:The reported patient underwent multiple attempts at surgical treatment prior to establishment of a firm diagnosis. In light of the diagnosis and other mitigating factors, a conservative approach was adopted.Conclusion:A high index of clinical suspicion and detailed histological analysis are required when encountering a recurrent soft tissue lesion of the larynx. In the presented case, a multidisciplinary approach and conservative management plan were adopted, based on a holistic management approach and a review of the published literature.