bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clusterons as a tool for monitoring populations of tick‐borne encephalitis virus
Authors: Kovalev Sergey Y. , Mukhacheva Tatyana A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is a natural focal viral neuroinfection that is widespread in the temperate zone of Eurasia. Knowledge of the genetic structure of tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) populations is important for understanding, not only the origin and evolution of the virus, but also the formation and maintenance of natural foci. A new approach to the differentiation of TBEV strains within subtype, with clusterons as the basis of analysis, has recently been proposed. In the present study, the genetic structure of TBEV‐Sib populations has been investigated based on 387 strains isolated in the Middle Urals (Sverdlovsk region). Fourteen of the 18 currently known TBEV‐Sib clusterons were identified. They belong to the Asian and Eastern European (Baltic) groups. It was shown that each TBE foci could be characterized by a unique clusteron profile. Three clusterons that emerged within the last 50 years have been identified which implies an active evolutionary process in the TBEV‐Sib populations. The greatest diversity of clusterons was observed in the south of the Middle Urals along the Trans‐Siberian Way. Such a pattern could reflect the history of colonization of the area and is closely related to the roads passing from Siberia to the European part of Russia through the Urals. In this article, the principles of continuous monitoring in the regional and local TBE foci are proposed, based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of TBEV‐Sib clusteron profiles. J. Med. Virol. 86:283–289, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CCR5 deficiency and severe polio infection in the 1984 outbreak in Finland
Authors: Rosenberg A.S. , Roivainen M. , Hovi T. , Liu Q. , Murphy P.M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCCR5, a leukocyte chemoattractant receptor for chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, promotes innate and adaptive immune responses by mediating leukocyte trafficking within lymph nodes and to peripheral tissues and is also known as a co‐receptor for HIV cell entry. Homozygous inheritance of a complete loss‐of‐function mutation in CCR5 (CCR5Δ32/CCR5Δ32) is associated with symptomatic neuroinflammatory disease in humans with West Nile and Tickborne Encephalitis flavivirus infections. This study sought to establish whether CCR5 deficiency could also be a determinant of clinical outcome after infection by poliovirus which results in central nervous system damage in only a small proportion of cases. We analyzed serum samples from seven patients and 79 controls, collected during the 1984–1985 polio outbreak in Finland, where CCR5Δ32 is relatively common in the general population. The results excluded CCR5 deficiency as the sole determinant of severe neurologic disease after poliovirus infection in this population. J. Med. Virol. 85:2139–2140, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of low‐ and high‐velocity tendon excursion on the mechanical properties of human cadaver subsynovial connective tissue
Authors: Filius Anika , Thoreson Andrew R. , Yang Tai‐Hua , Vanhees Matthias , An Kai‐Nan , Zhao Chunfeng , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYFibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) in the carpal tunnel is the most common histological finding in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Fibrosis may result from damaged SSCT. Previous studies found that with low‐velocity (2 mm/s), tendon excursions can irreversibly damage the SSCT. We investigated the effect of tendon excursion velocity in the generation of SSCT damage. Nine human cadaver wrists were used. Three repeated cycles of ramp‐stretch testing were performed simulating 40%, 60%, 90%, and 120% of the middle finger flexor tendon superficialis physiological excursion with an excursion velocity of 60 mm/s. Energy and force were calculated and normalized by values obtained in the first cycle for each excursion level. Data were compared with low‐velocity excursion data. For high‐velocity excursions, a significant drop in the excursion energy ratio was first observed at an excursion level of 60% physiological excursion (p < 0.024) and that for low‐velocity excursions was first observed at 90% physiological excursion (p < 0.038). Furthermore, the energy ratio was lower at 60% for high velocities (p ≤ 0.039). Increasing velocity lowers the SSCT damage threshold. This finding may be relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of SSCT fibrosis, such as that accompanying CTS, and a relationship with occupational factors. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:123–128, 2014.
Convenient Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Large Unimolecular Star Polyethylene Nanoparticles
Authors: Landry Eric , Ye Zhibin 
Published: September 2013

A simplistic convenient “arm‐first” catalytic synthesis method is demonstrated to render soft unimolecular star polyethylene nanoparticles. Low‐dispersity polyethylene arms of controllable length and topology are first synthesized via Pd‐catalyzed “living” ethylene poly­merization. The subsequent addition of norbornadiene as a unique cross‐linker renders the block polymer containing a short polynorbornadiene (PNBD) sequence. Efficient and rapid catalytic cross‐linking of the PNBD sequences occurs in the polymer precipitation and drying steps to give rise to star polyethylene nanoparticles. The star polymers are featured with tunable arm length and topology, high molecular weight (as high as 1770 kg mol−1), high arm numbers (as high as 88), and desirable average nano­particle size (29−72 nm).
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Lengthening our perspective: Morphological, cellular, and molecular responses to eccentric exercise
Authors: Hyldahl Robert D. , Hubal Monica J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe response of skeletal muscle to unaccustomed eccentric exercise has been studied widely, yet it is incompletely understood. This review is intended to provide an up‐to‐date overview of our understanding of how skeletal muscle responds to eccentric actions, with particular emphasis on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of damage and recovery. This review begins by addressing the question of whether eccentric actions result in physical damage to muscle fibers and/or connective tissue. We next review the symptomatic manifestations of eccentric exercise (i.e., indirect damage markers, such as delayed onset muscle soreness), with emphasis on their relatively poorly understood molecular underpinnings. We then highlight factors that potentially modify the muscle damage response following eccentric exercise. Finally, we explore the utility of using eccentric training to improve muscle function in populations of healthy and aging individuals, as well as those living with neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 49: 155–170, 2014
Sibling concordance for clinical features of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies
Authors: Pettygrove Sydney , Lu Zhenqiang , Andrews Jennifer G. , Meaney F. John , Sheehan Daniel W. , Price Elinora T. , Fox Deborah J. , Pandya Shree , Ouyang Lijing , Apkon Susan D. , Powis Zoe , Cunniff Christopher 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The correlation of markers of disease severity among brothers with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy has implications for clinical guidance and clinical trials. Methods: Sibling pairs with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (n = 60) were compared for ages when they reached clinical milestones of disease progression, including ceased ambulation, scoliosis of ≥ 20°, and development of cardiomyopathy. Results: The median age at which younger brothers reached each milestone, compared with their older brothers ranged from 25 months younger for development of cardiomyopathy to 2 months older for ceased ambulation. For each additional month of ambulation by the older brother, the hazard of ceased ambulation by the younger brother decreased by 4%. Conclusions: The ages when siblings reach clinical milestones of disease vary widely between siblings. However, the time to ceased ambulation for older brothers predicts the time to ceased ambulation for their younger brothers. Muscle Nerve 49: 814–821, 2014
Reconstructing the geometric configuration of three dimensional interface using electrical capacitance tomography
Authors: Ren Shangjie , Xu Yaoyuan , Tan Chao , Dong Feng 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYElectrical capacitance tomography is a promising visualization technique to image the internal permittivity distribution using boundary capacitance measurements. Because of its advantages of noninvasive, noninstructive, no radiation, and low cost, it has been successfully applied in many industrial processes. Currently, the commonly used algorithms in electrical capacitance tomography are based on the pixel/volume‐wise parameterization of the permittivity. When the permittivity is piecewise constant, it is difficult to enhance the spatial resolution. In the paper, a shape‐based algorithm is presented to directly reconstruct the geometric configuration of the smooth interface between two layered materials. By parameterizing the interface shape using Bézier surface, the unknown shape is iteratively approached using Levenberg–Marquardt method. To improve the computational efficiency, the forward problem is solved using a cornice boundary integral equation, and a fast Jacobian calculation method is derived using the reciprocity theorem and some integral transform technique. The numerical results demonstrate that the presented method has ability to reconstruct the smooth and continuous three‐dimensional interfaces with a good accuracy and high convergence, even when the permittivity values of the reconstructed substances are also unknown. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic sleep fragmentation promotes obesity in young adult mice
Authors: Wang Yang , Carreras Alba , Lee SeungHoon , Hakim Fahed , Zhang Shelley X. , Nair Deepti , Ye Honggang , Gozal David 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesShort sleep confers a higher risk of obesity in humans. Restricted sleep increases appetite, promotes higher calorie intake from fat and carbohydrate sources, and induces insulin resistance. However, the effects of fragmented sleep (SF), such as occurs in sleep apnea, on body weight, metabolic rates, and adipose tissue distribution are unknown.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were exposed to SF for 8 weeks. Their body weight, food consumption, and metabolic expenditure were monitored over time, and their plasma leptin levels measured after exposure to SF for 1 day as well as for 2 weeks. In addition, adipose tissue distribution was assessed at the end of the SF exposure using MRI techniques.ResultsChronic SF‐induced obesogenic behaviors and increased weight gain in mice by promoting increased caloric intake without changing caloric expenditure. Plasma leptin levels initially decreased and subsequently increased. Furthermore, increases in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes occurred.ConclusionsThese results suggest that SF, a frequent occurrence in many disorders and more specifically in sleep apnea, is a potent inducer of obesity via activation of obesogenic behaviors and possibly leptin resistance, in the absence of global changes in energy expenditure.
Impact of prenatal diagnosis of ductal origin of the left pulmonary artery
Authors: van Velzen Christine , Adriaanse Bauke , Rammeloo Lukas , Blom Nico , Hruda Jaroslav 
Published: September 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Distal ductal origin of a pulmonary artery is typically diagnosed during infancy, after closure of the arterial duct. This condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.What does this study add?

Our case is the first to show that distal ductal origin of a pulmonary artery can be detected before birth.
Prenatal detection enables preservation of the patency of the pulmonary artery for an efficient surgical reconstruction at later age.
Hemoglobin levels and red blood cell indices in mid‐gestational fetuses with beta‐thalassemia/HbE, beta‐thalassemia trait or Hb E trait and normal fetuses
Authors: Srisupundit Kasemsri , Wanapirak Chanane , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Leuwan Suchaya , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Tongsong Theera 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare red blood cell indices among normal, beta‐thalassemia trait or hemoglobin (Hb) E trait, and beta‐thalassemia/Hb E diseases mid‐gestational fetuses.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐five fetuses at risk of beta‐thalassemia/Hb E disease undergoing cordocentesis with determination of Hb levels and red blood cell indices at mid‐pregnancy were recruited. The fetal diagnoses were based on fetal Hb typing and DNA analysis. The fetuses were divided into three groups: normal, beta‐thalassemia trait or Hb E trait, and beta‐thalassemia/Hb E disease.ResultsThe prevalence of beta‐thalassemia/Hb E disease, beta‐thalassemia trait or Hb E trait, and normal fetuses was 32.6% (57 cases), 28.6% (50 cases) and 36.6% (64 cases), respectively. Mean Hb levels and red blood cell indices were not significantly different among the three groups of fetuses. However, almost 10% of beta‐thalassemia/Hb E fetuses had some degree of anemia. The most anemic fetuses had a β0 mutation.ConclusionThere is no significant difference in Hb level and red blood cell indices among fetuses at risk of beta‐thalassemia/Hb E disease. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional analysis of a point mutation in the ryanodine receptor of Plutella xylostella (L.) associated with resistance to chlorantraniliprole
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Yi , Zhou Xuguo , Li Zhenyu , Liu Shangzhong , Pei Liang , Gao Xiwu 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) has developed extremely high resistance to chlorantraniliprole and other diamide insecticides in the field. A glycine to glutamic acid substitution (G4946E) in the P. xylostella ryanodine receptor (PxRyR) has been found in two resistant populations collected in Thailand and Philippines and was considered associated with the diamide insecticides resistance but no experimental evidence was provided. The present study aimed to clarify the function of the reported mutation in chlorantraniliprole resistance in P. xylostella.RESULTSWe identified the same mutation (G4946E) in PxRyR from four field collected chlorantraniliprole resistant populations of Plutella xylostella in China. Most importantly, we found that the frequency of the G4946E mutation is significantly correlated to the chlorantraniliprole resistance ratios in P. xylostella (R2 = 0.82, P = 0.0003). Ligand binding assays showed that the binding affinities of the PxRyR to the chlorantraniliprole in three field resistant populations were 2.41‐, 2.54‐ and 2.60‐times lower than that in the susceptible one.CONCLUSIONFor the first time we experimentally proved that the G4946E mutation in PxRyR confers resistance to chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella. These findings pave the way for the complete understanding of the mechanisms of diamide insecticides resistance in insects. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Learning curve and early clinical outcomes for a robotic surgery novice performing robotic single site cholecystectomy
Authors: Angus Andrew A. , Sahi Saad L. , McIntosh Bruce B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundA rapid training protocol has been developed for robotic surgery novices to learn robotic single‐incision techniques. This study assesses the learning curve and early clinical results for a robotic surgery novice starting single‐site cholecystectomy.MethodsA chart review was performed on the surgeon's first 55 patients to undergo this procedure.ResultsAverage patient age was 46.01 ± 4.25 (range 21–86) years and BMI was 26.57 ± 4.25 (range 19.4–36.6) kg/m2. The mean port placement with docking time was 11.34 ± 3.74 (range 7–23) min. Mean console time was 28.74 ± 11.04 (range 15–66) min. Average total OR time was 61.84 ± 14.66 (range 40–105) min. All procedures were successfully completed without conversion or added ports. Complications included several minor procedural gall bladder perforations and miscellaneous postoperative symptomatic complaints.ConclusionRobotic single site cholecystectomy can be safely performed by a robotic novice within a minimal learning curve and have early clinical results that are comparable to the published data of robotic experts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On designing network‐based H ∞  controllers for stochastic systems
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Ming , Han Qing‐Long 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with network‐based H ∞  stabilization for stochastic systems, where network‐induced delays, packet dropouts, and packet disorders are taken into account simultaneously. The packet disorders arising from both the sampler‐to‐controller channel and the controller‐to‐actuator channel are considered by introducing a logic controller and a logic zero‐order hold. The network‐induced delays and packet dropouts are modeled as a constant delay plus a non‐differentiable time‐varying delay in the input. By employing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach, we establish results that parallel well‐known bounded real Lemmas. More specifically, these results provide conditions to bound the H ∞  level of the system, which means the worst case energy of the output of the system when subjected to a unitary norm deterministic disturbance signal. On the basis of these results, suitable network‐based H ∞  controllers are designed by using cone complementary linearization method. An air vehicle system is finally taken as an example to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of gender and race in the relation between adolescent distress tolerance and externalizing and internalizing psychopathology
Authors: Daughters Stacey B. , Gorka Stephanie M. , Magidson Jessica F. , MacPherson Laura , Seitz‐Brown C.J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDistress tolerance (DT) is an established construct contributing to the onset and maintenance of psychopathology in adulthood; however, few studies have examined the role of DT in older adolescent psychopathology. Emerging data suggest that gender and race may influence this relation. Therefore, the current study examined the relation between gender, race, and DT on parent‐reported internalizing and externalizing DSM‐oriented symptoms among a community sample of 128, 14–18 year old adolescents. Results indicated a moderating effect of gender on affective problems, such that females with low DT, but not males, displayed significantly greater affective problems. Findings also indicated a significant moderating effect of race, such that Caucasians with low DT, but not African Americans, displayed significantly higher somatic, oppositional defiant, and conduct problems. These findings suggest that DT is an important clinical variable in older adolescence, particularly among Caucasians and females.
Effect of biofeedback cycling training on functional recovery and walking ability of lower extremity in patients with stroke
Authors: Yang Huei‐Ching , Lee Chia‐Ling , Lin Roxane , Hsu Miao‐Ju , Chen Chia‐Hsin , Lin Jau‐Hong , Lo Sing Kai 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of biofeedback cycling training on lower limb functional recovery, walking endurance, and walking speed for patients with chronic stroke. Thirty‐one patients with stroke (stroke onset >3 months) were randomly assigned into two groups using a crossover design. One group (N = 16; mean: 53.6 ± 10.3 years) underwent conventional rehabilitation and cycling training (30 minutes/time, 5 times per week for 4 weeks), followed by only conventional rehabilitation for another 4 weeks. The other group (N = 15; mean: 54.5 ± 8.0 years) underwent the same training in reverse order. The bike used in this biofeedback cycling training was the MOTOmed viva2 Movement Trainer. Outcome measures included the lower extremity subscale of Fugl‐Meyer assessment (LE‐FMA), the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT), the 10‐meter walk test (10MWT), and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). All participants were assessed at the beginning of the study, at the end of the 4th week, and at the end of the 8th week. Thirty participants completed the study, including the cycling training interventions and all assessments. The results showed that improvements in the period with cycling training were significantly better than the noncycling period in the LE‐FMA (p < 0.05), 6MWT (p < 0.001), 10MWT (p < 0.001), and MAS (p < 0.001) scores. No significant carryover effects were observed. The improvements on outcome measures were significantly different between the cycling period and the noncycling period after adjusting for potential confounding factors in the multivariate analysis of variance (p < 0.001). The study result indicates that the additional 4‐week biofeedback cycling training could lead to improved LE functional recovery, walking endurance, and speed for patients with chronic stroke.
Intra‐rater Reliability of Ultrasound Imaging of Wrist Extensor Muscles in Patients With Tetraplegia
Authors: Gorgey Ashraf S. , Timmons Mark K. , Michener Lori A. , Ericksen Jeffery J. , Gater David R. 
Published: September 2013

Objectives(i) To determine the intra‐rater reliability and precision of the ultrasound cross‐sectional area (CSA) measurements of the wrist extensors in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), and (ii) to determine whether tetraplegia has a negative influence on the reliability and precision for these measurements.DesignA repeated‐measures cross‐sectional study.SettingsClinical hospital and academic settings.MethodsThe study was conducted with 20 men with SCI (9 paraplegia and 11 tetraplegia) and 10 able‐bodied controls. Ultrasound images were captured of the right side extensor carpi radialis‐longus (ECRL) and the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) were captured in 2 sessions separated by 48‐72 hours.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients for the CSA measurements of the ECRL and EDC muscles were greater than 0.87 for all 3 groups. The standard error of the measure (SEM) ranged from 0.11‐0.22 cm2 for the ECRL and 0.13‐0.27 cm2 for the EDC. The minimal detectable change of ECL ranged from 0.16 to 0.31 cm2 and of EDC from 0.19 to 0.38 cm2. The group differences in muscle CSA of both muscles were found; these differences were greater than the calculated minimal detectable changes. The intraclass correlation coefficients were lower and the SEMs and minimal detectable changes were higher for the group with tetraplegia compared with the able‐bodied controls and the group with paraplegia.ConclusionsThis study documented substantial intra‐rater reliability of measurements of the ECRL and ECD CSA by using ultrasound images, which support the use of this technique to effectively evaluate the musculoskeletal changes after SCI and during rehabilitation. Skeletal muscle atrophy in persons with tetraplegia might have a negative influence on the reliability and precision of these CSA measurements; however, these differences in reliability and precision are not of clinical significance.