bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonic hedgehog (shh) gene from Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae): Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression profile during early embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Luo Jun , Liu Hui , Wang Shuai , An Xilin , Li Xuejie , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in early development and growth of most vertebrates. Sonic hedgehog (shh) gene is a critical regulator of embryonic development in many species, including humans. However, it is not clear what roles shh can play in the development of fish. In this paper, shh gene was cloned from Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae. The full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) of P. yokohamae sonic hedgehog gene (Pyshh) comprises 3194 bp, with a 1317‐bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polypeptide of 438 amino acids with a typical HH‐signal domain and Hint‐N domain. The conserved sequences of the protein among species were predicted by using multiple sequence comparison. The phylogenetic tree construction showed that PySHH is clustered in a branch of Pleuronectidae. To explore the expression of Pyshh gene in various tissues of P. yokohamae, we used real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology to detect it. The results showed that Pyshh gene is widely distributed in various tissues of P. yokohamae juveniles, different tissues of adult males and females, and is particularly expressed in immune organs. The Pyshh gene expression was higher in the muscle and brain of juvenile fish, and higher in bone, gill, and skin of male fish than that of female fish, suggesting that Pyshh might be involved in the formation of immune organs of P. yokohamae. The expression of Pyshh gene significantly upregulated from the gastrula stage to the hatching stage. Western blotting of the expression levels of PySHH during different embryonic development stages revealed that PySHH levels increased gradually during development stages from oosperm stage to hatching stage. These results indicate that Pyshh is highly conserved among species and plays a critical role in the complex process of embryonic development. Its precise regulation is essential for the proper formation of many organs and tissues in the body, and disruptions in its function may have serious consequences for the formation of immune organs in fish.
Novel pre‐copulatory behavior in basking sharks observed by drone
Authors: Curtis Tobey H. , Robinson Jeff , Pratt Harold L. , Skomal Gregory B. , Whitney Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBasking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) seasonally aggregate in coastal surface waters of the North Atlantic, providing opportunities for visual observation. While putative courtship displays have been observed, actual copulation has not been documented. Here we examine video collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (“drone”) of novel behavioral interactions between basking sharks in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts in May 2021. The behaviors, including close following and tight concentric circling, are consistent with pre‐copulatory behavior observed in other shark species. These observations provide new insights into the pre‐copulatory behavior of basking sharks.
Preparation of potato granules powder by low temperature ultrafine grinding and its effect on the texture of bread
Authors: Qin Yang , Zhao Min , Li Shuting , Chen Yanbing , Liu Yi , Sun Dongwen , Chen Qingmin , Yu Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, low temperature ultrafine grinding and other three kind of crushing methods were used to prepare potato granules powder. And the swelling power and solubility, water‐holding capacity, gelatinization characteristics, particle size, and chromaticity of different particle size levels of potato granules powder were determined. The experimental results showed that the potato granules powder prepared by low temperature ultrafine grinding had the highest solubility and swelling power, and the highest degree of pre‐gelatinization; With the increase in the addition of potato powder, the water absorption of the dough increased, and been more rheological. The volume of bread gradually decreases and the firmness increases. With the decrease of potato granules powder size, the water absorption of dough decreases and the bread hardness increases. In this experiment, when the grain size of potato powder was 200 mesh and the addition amount was 2%, the sensory score was the highest and the taste was the best. The result provides theoretical and practical basis for the production of potato bread and the comprehensive utilization of potato resources.Practical applicationsThe present study demonstrates the effective preparation of potato whole powder particles through low temperature ultrafine grinding. Comparative analysis with shear grinding, ball grinding, and room temperature grinding reveals that low temperature ultrafine grinding yields superior solubility, swelling, and gelatinization characteristics. Furthermore, incorporating 200 mesh fine potato powder in bread formulation significantly enhances dough rheological properties and water absorption while improving bread hardness and flavor. The findings offer a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the production of potato bread and the comprehensive utilization of potato resources.
Angiotensin‐converting enzymes 1 and 2 in the feces: presence and catalytic activity in the rat 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid‐induced model of colitis
Authors: Ferreira‐Duarte Mariana , Oliveira Lilian Caroline Gonçalves , Quintas Clara , Dias‐Pereira Patricia , Sousa Teresa , Magro Fernando , Casarini Dulce Elena , Duarte‐Araújo Margarida , Morato Manuela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimInflammatory bowel disease is challenging to diagnose. Fecal biomarkers offer noninvasive solutions. The renin–angiotensin‐aldosterone system is implicated in intestinal inflammation. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) regulate its activity, but conflicting findings on these enzymes in colitis require further investigation. We aimed to assess ACE and ACE2 presence and activities in the feces, serum, and colon of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced rats.MethodsColitis was induced in male rats by rectal instillation of a 21% ethanolic TNBS solution. After rats' sacrifice, colonic portions, serum, and feces were collected. ACE and ACE2 presence in the feces was analyzed by western Blot, and colonic and serum enzymes' concentrations were quantified using ELISA kits. ACE activity was assessed using Hippuryl‐His‐Leu and Z‐Phe‐His‐Leu as substrates. ACE2 activity was assessed using Mca‐APK (Dnp) as a substrate in the presence and absence of DX600 (ACE2 inhibitor).ResultsAn ACE isoform of ~70 kDa was found only in the feces of TNBS‐induced rats. ACE concentration was higher than that of ACE2 in the serum and the inflamed colon. ACE N‐domain activity was higher than that of the C‐domain in all matrices. ACE2 activity was higher in the feces of TNBS‐induced animals compared to controls.ConclusionA 70 kDa ACE isoform only detected in the feces of TNBS‐induced rats may have translational relevance. ACE N‐domain seems to play a significant role in regulating colonic lesions. Further research using human samples is necessary to validate these findings.
Do Women Receive Worse Financial Advice?
Authors: BHATTACHARYA UTPAL , KUMAR AMIT , VISARIA SUJATA , ZHAO JING 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTWe arranged for trained undercover men and women to pose as potential clients and visit all 65 local financial advisory firms in Hong Kong. At financial planning firms, but not at securities firms, women were more likely than men to receive advice to buy only individual or only local securities. Female clients who signaled high confidence, high risk tolerance, or a domestic outlook were especially likely to receive this suboptimal advice. Our theoretical model explains these patterns as a result of statistical discrimination interacting with advisors’ incentives. Taste‐based discrimination is unlikely to explain the results.
Mouse Models in Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin Research
Authors: Korf Horst‐Werner , von Gall Charlotte 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis contribution reviews the role of inbred and transgenic mouse strains for deciphering the mammalian melatoninergic and circadian system. It focusses on the pineal organ as melatonin factory and two major targets of the melatoninergic system, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and the hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT). Mammalian pinealocytes sharing molecular characteristics with true pineal and retinal photoreceptors synthesize and secrete melatonin into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid night by night. Notably, neuron‐like connections exist between the deep pinealocytes and the habenular/pretectal region suggesting direct pineal‐brain communication. Control of melatonin biosynthesis in rodents involves transcriptional regulation including phosphorylation of CREB and upregulation of mPer1. In the SCN, melatonin acts upon MT1 and MT2 receptors. Melatonin is not necessary to maintain the rhythm of the SCN molecular clockwork, but it has distinct effects on the synchronization of the circadian rhythm by light, facilitates re‐entrainment of the circadian system to phase advances in the level of the SCN molecular clockwork by acting upon MT2 receptors and plays a stabilizing role in the circadian system as evidenced from locomotor activity recordings. While the effects in the SCN are subtle, melatonin is essential for PT functions. Via the MT1 receptor it drives the PT‐intrinsic molecular clockwork and the retrograde and anterograde output pathways controlling seasonal rhythmicity. Although inbred and transgenic mice do not show seasonal reproduction, the pathways from the PT are fully intact if the animals are melatonin proficient. Thus, only melatonin‐proficient strains are suited to investigate the circadian and melatoninergic systems.
Value of repeated health screening in 259 apparently healthy mature adult and senior cats followed for 2 years
Authors: Mortier Femke , Daminet Sylvie , Marynissen Sofie , Smets Pascale , Paepe Dominique 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough regular health screening is recommended, long‐term follow‐up data in healthy aged cats are lacking.ObjectivesDetermine the most common conditions in a large group of apparently healthy older cats and which diseases are manifested within 2 years in cats confirmed to be healthy based on extensive health screening.AnimalsClient‐owned cats.MethodsProspective study. Thorough history, physical examination, blood tests, and urinalysis were performed in 259 apparently healthy mature adult (7‐10 years) and senior (>10 years) cats. Semi‐annual follow‐up examinations were performed in 201 confirmed healthy cats.ResultsAt baseline, 21% of apparently healthy cats were not considered healthy but were diagnosed with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) ≥ stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD; 7.7%) or hyperthyroidism (4.6%), among other disorders. Disease occurred significantly more frequently in senior cats compared with mature adult cats. In addition, 40% cats were overweight, 35% had moderate to severe dental disease, and 22% had abnormal cardiac auscultation findings. Within 2 years, 28% of mature adult and 54% of senior cats that were confirmed healthy at inclusion developed new diseases, most commonly IRIS ≥ stage 2 CKD (cumulative incidence, 13.4%), hyperthyroidism (8.5%), chronic enteropathy, hepatopathy or pancreatitis (7.5%), or neoplasia (7%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe high prevalence and 2‐year incidence of physical examination abnormalities and systemic diseases in apparently healthy older cats argue for regular health screening in cats ≥7 years of age. Although more common in senior cats, occult disease also occurs in mature adult cats, and owners should be informed accordingly.
Ethnic hierarchies versus civic values in a community of descent: Evidence from an interactive survey experiment in Germany
Authors: Crepaz Markus M. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article examines whether German respondents in an interactive vignette experiment prefer immigrants who are ethno‐racially more proximate to the majority population versus whether immigrants find acceptance in German society as long as they follow the law and respect the rules and customs of society. The approach is both descriptive and experimental. The descriptive results indicate that despite liberalisation of immigration policies since 2000 there is a sizable reservoir of the German population who holds ethno‐racial attitudes. The interactive experimental approach distinguishes two treatments: race and reason for dismissal from a job of two fictitious immigrants who are applying for permanent residency in Germany. Results indicate that while German respondents react more harshly when the reason for dismissal is drug possession than race, the Black immigrant is treated with more hostility for the same infraction than the White immigrant, independently of whether the reason for dismissal from a job is being downsized or drug possession.
Nursing interventions to prevent pressure injury among open heart surgery patients: A systematic review
Authors: Kurt Yeter , Kaşikçi Mağfiret , Malaska Reezena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNurses are vital in identifying and preventive pressure injuries (PIs) in hospitalized patients undergoing open heart surgery. Interventions to prevent PIs are crucial for every critical patient, and it's essential to recognize that preventing PIs involves a complex intervention.AimTo examine the nursing interventions for the prevention of PI in patients with open heart surgery.MethodA systematic review study. Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ultimate, CINAHL Ultimate, ULAKBIM, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and university library databases were scanned. The initial search performed in the databases was updated on 4 February 2023, and on 7 April 2024, for potential publications included in that period. Data between February 2013 and April 2024 were scanned. The databases were searched with the keywords ‘pressure injury’, ‘nursing interventions’ and ‘open heart surgery’. The systematic compilation process was carried out in accordance with the guidelines in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guide.ResultsSeventeen studies were examined using nursing interventions that applied to the selected study population. Care packages included an inflatable head pad, a pressure sensor mattress cover, multi‐layer silicone foam, pressure‐reducing coatings, endotracheal tube (ETT) repositioning and cuff pressure regulation. Interventions to reduce PI in open heart surgery patients are applied in the preadmission, perioperative and postoperative periods.ConclusionIt was concluded that care packages, inflatable head pads, pressure sensor bedspreads, multi‐layered silicone foam, pressure‐reducing covers, ETT repositioning and cuff pressure regulation were effective in all nursing interventions. The strength of the available evidence was rated from strong to weak.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThese findings reveal an efficient combination of multi‐component nursing interventions for preventing PIs in planning patient care in the intensive care. The interventions that are used throughout the patient's entire care process are crucial for the prevention of PIs.
Computed tomography predictors of increased transvenous lead extraction difficulty
Authors: Patel Kavisha , Toomu Sandeep , Lee Euyhyun , Darden Douglas , Jacobs Kathleen , Pollema Travis , Ho Gordon , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of computed tomography (CT) characteristics to predict the difficulty of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is an evolving subject.ObjectiveTo identify CT characteristics associated with increased TLE difficulty.MethodsAll consecutive patients undergoing TLE at the University of California San Diego from January 2018 to February 2022 were analyzed, utilizing the UC San Diego Lead Extraction Registry. Patients underwent cardiac‐gated chest CT scans with intravenous contrast; all scans were reviewed by a single radiologist. Lead extraction was performed per standard institutional protocol with the initial use of a laser sheath and crossover to a mechanical sheath as needed. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of individual lead‐removal fluoroscopy time and mechanical sheath use, as markers of extraction difficulty.ResultsA total of 343 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the study population was 63.8 ± 15.4 years; 71% were male. The mean lead dwell‐in duration was 8.6 ± 5.7 years. In multivariable linear regression analysis, venous occlusion detected on CT was independently associated with higher individual lead‐removal fluoroscopy time (p = 0.004), when adjusting for clinical characteristics such as lead dwell time. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, calcification and venous occlusion were independently associated with a higher need for mechanical sheath use during TLE (odds ratio:5.08, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.54–10.46) and (odds ratio:3.72, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.89–7.35), respectively.ConclusionIn patients undergoing TLE, venous occlusion identified by chest CT is associated with increased fluoroscopy time. Patients with lead‐associated calcification or venous occlusion detected by chest CT are each five and three times more likely to require crossover from laser to a mechanical sheath.
Earlier false belief understanding predicts later lie‐telling behavior in preschool children, but not vice versa
Authors: Wang Zhenlin , Gao Xiaozi , Shao Yihan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractYoung children's lie‐telling behavior is associated with their theory of mind (ToM) development. However, current evidence is primarily based on cross‐sectional studies, with very little longitudinal evidence on the causal relation between the two constructs. The current study provided much‐needed cross‐lagged longitudinal evidence on the association between ToM and lying in young children. Adopting a short‐term longitudinal design, we tested 104 normally developing children's (64 boys, M = 54.0 months) false belief understanding and lie‐telling behaviors three times at 4‐month intervals. Results showed the cross‐lagged model fit the data well. Lie‐telling behaviors exhibited moderate stability across the three time points, while ToM exhibited moderate stability between the first two time points but not between Time 2 and Time 3. Earlier false belief understanding significantly predicted children's later lie‐telling behavior, controlling for family socioeconomic status, child age, gender, only child status, and Time 1 verbal ability and inhibitory control. On the contrary, earlier lie‐telling did not predict later false beliefs understanding. We concluded that earlier false belief understanding predicts later lie‐telling behavior in preschool children, but not vice versa.
Volatile pies: Modeling compositional volatility
Authors: Eastman Abbie , Junqueira Andrea , Kagalwala Ali , Philips Andrew Q. , Whitten Guy D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to demonstrate the utility of modeling compositional volatility in substantive domains beyond budgeting.MethodsWe show how to model compositional volatility on its own or as a part of a system of equations in which the component parts of the compositional outcome variable are also modeled.ResultsUsing data on the volatility of support for German political parties, we demonstrate the usefulness of stand‐alone models of compositional volatility. Using data on the volatility of income shares in the United States, we demonstrate the usefulness of modeling volatility together with compositional components.ConclusionThere is considerable potential for modeling compositional volatility.
The pre‐transplant evaluation: Considerations for trainees and early career transplant infectious diseases clinician
Authors: Kumar Rebecca N. , Gorsline Chelsea A. , Rader Theodore , Boucher Helen W. , Malinis Maricar , Koff Alan , Harris Courtney E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransplant infectious disease (TID) clinicians are integral to the pre‐transplantation evaluation. Pre‐transplant evaluations allow clinicians to assess risk factors for latent infections and relevant exposures to potential pathogens, address immunizations, and optimize patients’ health and understanding of life after transplant. However, there is not a standardized approach to the pre‐transplant evaluation. This article reviews the details of performing successful pre‐transplant evaluations, including updated recommendations on available vaccines and contemporary opinions on marijuana use. This resource can be used for teaching with trainees or for early career TID clinicians.
Plastid HSP90C C‐terminal extension region plays a regulatory role in chaperone activity and client binding
Authors: Mu Bona , Nair Adheip Monikantan , Zhao Rongmin 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYHSP90Cs are essential molecular chaperones localized in the plastid stroma that maintain protein homeostasis and assist the import and thylakoid transport of chloroplast proteins. While HSP90C contains all conserved domains as an HSP90 family protein, it also possesses a unique feature in its variable C‐terminal extension (CTE) region. This study elucidated the specific function of this HSP90C CTE region. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that this intrinsically disordered region contains a highly conserved DPW motif in the green lineages. With biochemical assays, we showed that the CTE is required for the chaperone to effectively interact with client proteins PsbO1 and LHCB2 to regulate ATP‐independent chaperone activity and to effectuate its ATP hydrolysis. The CTE truncation mutants could support plant growth and development reminiscing the wild type under normal conditions except for a minor phenotype in cotyledon when expressed at a level comparable to wild type. However, higher HSP90C expression was observed to correlate with a stronger response to specific photosystem II inhibitor DCMU, and CTE truncations dampened the response. Additionally, when treated with lincomycin to inhibit chloroplast protein translation, CTE truncation mutants showed a delayed response to PsbO1 expression repression, suggesting its role in chloroplast retrograde signaling. Our study therefore provides insights into the mechanism of HSP90C in client protein binding and the regulation of green chloroplast maturation and function, especially under stress conditions.