bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Greek Vases from Crete
Authors: Hartley M. 
Published: October 2013

Most of the vases and fragments here published are from North Central Crete—Episkopi and Arkhanes in the province of Pedhiadha, Fortezza and Kephala near Knossos, various parts of the Palace and Little Palace at Knossos; a few pieces are added from Eleutherna, further west.The Fortezza vases were found by Mr. Payne in 1927 in an almost completely destroyed chamber tomb of the type described in B.S.A. xxix. p. 226, Fig. 2, in the side of the hill about a mile from Knossos. They are of the protogeometric, geometric, and orientalising periods.The type is found in some numbers at Knossos, Fortezza, Anopolis and Episkopi; there is an example in Candia Museum from Kavousi, the only specimen from Eastern Crete; the shape does not occur anywhere in the protogeometric period. In these pithoi from Fortezza, the clay varies from light yellow to buff and brown, the varnish is black, the decoration is arranged in panels; the lower part of the body is decorated with broad and narrow bands; there is a small ring foot.
A Greek Gunner's Manual
Authors: Morgan G. 
Published: October 2013

Recent years have seen the publication of two demotic Greek craft-manuals from the Middle Ages; or perhaps we might say from the Renaissance, for in both books the connections with Western European ideas and practices are clear. The first is a Portolano, a mariner's guide in the tradition stretching back at least to Hellenistic times, and brought up to date by successive generations of sea-captains until its form was crystallized in sixteenth-century Venetian editions. The other is a Shipwright's Manual dealing with the rigging of a sailing-ship, with the names and measures of all its sails and cordage.To these is now added a third, a Gunner's Manual, shorter than the other texts, but in some ways more interesting. For although, as in the others, the material forces it to be repetitive and tabular, it is not so forbiddingly technical; and the beginning and the end have a greater freedom of matter which brings the language very close to the style and cadences of ordinary speech—a rarity in Renaissance Greek.The manuscript in which it is found is catalogued as number 23 of the collection once formed by Archbishop Laud, and now in the Bodleian Library. The paper is uniform throughout, and the contents are as follows:(i) foll. 1r–26r, A Shipwright's Manual. I hope to deal on another occasion with its relationship to the texts used by Delatte. The work is very corrupt and presents great difficulties. At the beginning are the words: ‘κύριε κατευόδωνε τὸν δοῦλόν σου Νικόλαον Σκούρα’.
Painted Votive Plaques and an Early Inscription from Aegina
Authors: Boardman John 
Published: October 2013

This article is intended to serve as an introduction to the study of painted votive plaques; not that such a study is by any means novel, but since Otto Benndorf's published work on them the amount of material known has increased, and further consideration of them both as painted objects and as dedications seems desirable. As well as a general survey of their nature, name, and decoration, a more detailed account of eighth- and seventh-century examples is included, and I hope at another time to be able to extend the study to the rich later series, as well as to the Corinthian and funerary plaques which are not discussed here in detail.An inscribed fragment from Aegina is published below for the first time. Its finding did not suggest the study of plaques, in which I was already engaged, and I attribute and acknowledge its timely appearance to the Ἀγαθὴ Τύχη, who occasionally smiles on the archaeologist.
The Patrai of Kamiros
Authors: Andrewes A. 
Published: October 2013

IG xii. 1. 695; T. Cam. 1. In the British Museum, from Kamiros. Early third century B.C.Guarducci, Mem. dei Lincei vi. 8 (1938/9) 124, no. xxix bis; T. Cam. 2. Kamiros.These lists present an organization at three levels:(a) The smallest units are patrai, with names ending either -δαι or -ειοι, rather more of the latter than the former; the only exception is II 14 Ἀμφινεῖς.(b) These are grouped under headings, Χυτριείων πάτραι (I 28, II 19), Βουκολείων πάτραι (III 18), &c. The general term for the bodies named Χυτρίειοι, &c., is not given.(c) The heading Ἀλθαιμενίδος at I 19, II 11, embraces several of these second-level groups. At two removes above the patrai, Ἀλθαιμενίς must be a large body, something like a tribe, and the termination -ίς is common in tribe-names.Among the puzzling features of the list is the repetition of certain names, either consecutively in the same group or from one group to another, thus:⊖ωιάδαι: I 23–26 under Ἀμφινήων πάτραι.Βουκολίδαι: I 30–32 under Χυτριείων.Κρητινάδαι: I 29 under Χυτριείων; II 24, 26 under Χυτριείων; III 19 under Βουκολείων; T. Cam. 2. 2 in a different sequence with no heading preserved.
Part V. The Chronology of Late Helladic IIIB
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

The sequence of styles in the evolution of Late Helladic pottery is now well recognized. A sequence dating of finds is thus archaeologically possible. Absolute dating of finds, however, is another and more difficult question. Nothing Late Helladic has any absolute date of its own. We can, however, arrive at approximate absolute dates from Late Helladic pottery found in datable contexts in Egypt or from Egyptian objects found in Late Helladic deposits in Greece. But we cannot always be sure that Egyptian objects found in Greece are contemporary with the Helladic objects with which they are associated. For instance, in Tomb 518 at Mycenae, which is of L.H. I–II date, was found part of an Egyptian porphyry bowl which dates from the First or Second Dynasty. No one would for a moment believe that this Egyptian bowl and the tomb could be contemporary. There are similar cases from Asine and Knossos. It is logical that an early object can be found in a late context, but no one could ever accept that a late object can be found in an early context, unless there has been much disturbance of the stratigraphy.The three phases of Late Helladic III pottery A, B, and C can be distinguished among themselves with reasonable certainty, although there are always examples which stand on the borderlines. We know that the later Late Helladic IIIA pottery is contemporary with the Amarna Age, because it occurred in quantity in the ruins of Akhenaten's capital. Its latest absolute date is about 1375–1350 B.C., according to the dating placed by Egyptologists on the Amarna Age. There are even a few sherds from Amarna which, if found isolated, might possibly be called L.H. IIIB. Here again another possible difficulty can be glimpsed. A borderline sherd might be called by one archaeologist A and by another B.
Inscriptions from Boeotia: A note
Authors: Schachter A. 
Published: October 2013

The following inscriptions were seen in the course of two journeys; unfortunately, in neither case was it possible to measure or photograph them adequately. But since they are, to the best of my knowledge, unpublished, they are recorded here as a small addition to the prosopography and cults of Boeotia.1.Loutsi (west of anc. Hyettos). Built into the wall of the ruined chapel of Ayios Dimitrios at the northern outskirts of the village. Block in two fragments, comprising the lower left-hand corner of the inscription.About first century B.C. or first century A.D.If the restoration is correct, this is the first known reference to Demeter at Hyettos.2.Loutsi. At the church of Ayios Ioannis Chrysostomos, near the eastern edge of the village.Upper part of a grave-stele. Fig. 1.Third century B.C. See H. Mobius, Ornamente der griechischen Grabstelen 57, pl. 49a–b.
The federal constitution of Keos
Authors: Lewis David M. 
Published: October 2013

No fewer than three of the inscriptions in the second volume of Dr. Tod's Greek Historical Inscriptions are directly concerned with Keos, and this encourages me to hope that he may find interest in this investigation. It arises from an inscription from Ioulis, published by Dunant and Thomopoulos, which is a close parallel to IG xii. 5. 594 (GHI 141), the sympolity-treaty between Keos and Hestiaia. It is nearly certainly a treaty with Eretria. It raises several interesting problems, but I should principally like to draw attention to the remarkable federal constitution of Keos which the two inscriptions taken together reveal.I repeat the new text for convenience with some slight alterations. It is stoichedon, uses ο for ου, but the letter-forms can hardly fix it closer than 390–340.This confirms Hiller's view that thesmophylakes and not nomophylakes were mentioned in ll. 4–5 of the old inscription and makes it necessary to restore there [καὶ Χῶρον] in l. 6. Dunant and Thomopoulos give a revised text of ll. 3–11, but the unevenness of their line-length and the three later places in the old text where omission of words has been assumed make me wonder whether the whole inscription should not be restored with a rather longer line. There are, however, some lines which are hard to expand, and I offer no solution.
The Brauron aulos
Authors: Landels J. G. 
Published: October 2013

This ancient instrument, which is, for the student of Greek music, one of the most significant finds of recent years, came to light during excavations at Brauron, on the east coast of Attica, in August 1961. These excavations, under the direction of Dr. I. Papadimitriou (Director-General of the Greek Archaeological Service), are still in progress, and a full report has not yet been published: so far as this item is concerned, it was found in a sacred spring near the north-west corner of the ancient temple, along with a number of objects which are dated by Dr. Papadimitriou to the late sixth or early fifth century B.C. They were perhaps in situ, buried or hidden, when the Persians sacked the site during the Salamis campaign.The find (item 1059 in the catalogue) comprises the two lower sections of an aulos: there is no apparent reason to doubt that they belong together. The central joint is of the usual type—spigot and socket—and at one end (A in the diagram) there is another socket for the attachment of the next section. At the other end (C in the diagram) there is no spigot or socket: as Hole V is manifestly a vent-hole (see below) this must have been the lower end of the instrument.
Two Notes on Athenian Financial Document
Authors: Mattingly Harold B. 
Published: October 2013

These tantalizing fragments of an Assessment List present two unusual features. First the figures stand to the right of the names and are divided from them by two-point punctuation. This recalls the practice of the first Quota List. All later Quota Lists and the Assessments of 425 and 422 B.C. have the figures before the names and punctuation of any sort is extremely rare. Secondly there are several ionicisms in the script: two etas in col. iii. 3 and 5 and an Ionic lambda in the latter line. Meritt argued from the physical evidence of the stone that the Island column stood first. The order of districts was presumably Islands, Ionia, Hellespont and Thrace—which seems to have been invariable from 425 B.C.—and the ATL editors accordingly disposed the Hellespontine names in col. iii and placed some probable Ionic names in col. ii. Otherwise they attempted no restoration. Perhaps they were deterred by finding one new name among the very few preserved. Some speculation, however, about the Ionic panel seems legitimate.The letters -ΕΝΙ- (line 7) could be part of Κλαӡομένιοι, Θερμαῑοι ἐν ʾΙκάρῳ, or Οἰναῑοι ἐν ʾΙκάρῳ as Meritt rightly observed. But what can be made of the remnants—ΚΟ!!!—in line 4? At first sight they baffle conjecture. The last stroke is preserved only at the base and Meritt noted that it might form a letter with the preceding upright.
91 Raccords de Fragments dans les Tablettes de Cnossos
Authors: Olivier Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2013

CES raccords, effectués entre juillet et novembre 1965, concernent 75 tablettes.Leur publication fait suite à celle des 388 raccords qui avaient été trouvés entre l'achèvement de la troisième édition en translittération des tablettes de Cnossos et mars 1965.La plupart de ces raccords sont l'œuvre de l'auteur de ces lignes; 150 + 7624, 193 + 7361, 8031 + 80331, (4440+) 8700 + 8702 sont de E. L. Bennett.29 de ces raccords ont eu lieu entre des fragments précédemment édités, 35 entre des fragments édités et des fragments en cours d'édition (et ayant, à ce titre, reçu un numéro d'ordre compris entre 8334 et 8751), 27 entre des fragments édités et des fragments inédits (ces derniers n'ont pas reçu de numéro d'ordre et ont simplement été appelés fr. [frr. au pluriel: en fait, jamais plus de deux]).
J. L. M.
Authors: Minns Ellis H. 
Published: October 2013

Wondering what I could offer to J. L. M. I began to think about the very letters J. L. M.; perhaps I might have something to say about them. Saint Paul would not have the hardihood to call them φαῦλα καὶ πτωχὰστοιχεῖα seeing that they stand for the most forcible personality of our generation in our study of the ancient world.How did J get its tail? and that phonetic difference from I into which Romance speech has brought such confusion that for every language one must learn separately what value to give it? Once the practical Greek had substituted for the Semitic picture of a hand with its value yod a simple stroke denoting a vowel, all would seem straightforward.
Gold Ornaments from Crete and Ithaca
Authors: Robertson Martin 
Published: October 2013

In BSA XLIII (1948), 121, G4 (pl. 46), I published a fragment of gold ornament from the votive deposit at Aetos in Ithaca. I described it as a pendant, but was unable to adduce any real parallel. Comparison with a complete object illustrated in BSA XLIX (1954), pl. 27, 1, shows that it is a snake-head finial from one of a pair of chains (or possibly one of a pair of such finials from a single longer chain) which supported a pendant. The broken end of the hook or ring on which the pendant hung is preserved under the snake's chin, and can be seen in the illustration.The complete piece, excavated at Khaniale Tekke (Knossos) by R. W. Hutchinson and published by him, loc. cit. 216 f., formed part of a sealed cache, buried in a small pot in the floor of a tomb. Technically the work goes closely with that of another pendant from the same cache (loc. cit., pl. 27, 2), which on stylistic grounds appears, as Mr. Hutchinson points out, to be Cretan of the early or mid-seventh century B.C. The highly stylised snake-head from Aetos is more elaborate than those of the Khaniale Tekke chains, but extremely like them and quite unlike anything else. The treatment of the ‘necks’ is exceedingly similar, and is paralleled in the top bar of the pendant carried by the Khaniale Tekke snakes. The ornament from which the Ithaca piece is broken must certainly have been of the same period as the example from Khaniale Tekke, and quite possibly was also of Cretan origin.
Part VI. Three Geometric Tombs
Authors: Desborough V. R. d'A. 
Published: October 2013

During the excavations at Mycenae in 1953, a Protogeometric cist burial was discovered in the House of Shields, sunk into the floor of its west room. This burial, numbered Tomb PG 601, was published, with other burials, in BSA XLIX 258 ff. In the summer of 1954 Professor Wace uncovered three further burials in the House of Shields. These, at his most kind invitation, I publish here.General situation (Fig. 1). Whereas tomb PG 601 was found at the southern end of the west room of the House of Shields, these three, here numbered 602, 603, and 604, appeared in the north-western corner of this same room. Only a few feet separate the one from the others, as will be clear from the plan, and 602 and 603 seem to have been placed under the shelter of the west wall. The area had been to a certain extent disturbed, but whether there may have been further burials between 601 and this group of three I cannot tell. None was found in the excavation.
Correlated SEM, FIB-SEM, TEM, and NanoSIMS Imaging of Microbes from the Hindgut of a Lower Termite: Methods forIn SituFunctional and Ecological Studies of Uncultivable Microbes
Authors: Carpenter Kevin J. , Weber Peter K. , Davisson M. Lee , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Haverty Michael I. , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe hindguts of lower termites harbor highly diverse, endemic communities of symbiotic protists, bacteria, and archaea essential to the termite's ability to digest wood. Despite over a century of experimental studies, ecological roles of many of these microbes are unknown, partly because almost none can be cultivated. Many of the protists associate with bacterial symbionts, but hypotheses for their respective roles in nutrient exchange are based on genomes of only two such bacteria. To show how the ecological roles of protists and nutrient transfer with symbiotic bacteria can be elucidated by direct imaging, we combined stable isotope labeling (13C-cellulose) of live termites with analysis of fixed hindgut microbes using correlated scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), transmission electron microscopy, and high resolution imaging mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). We developed methods to prepare whole labeled cells on solid substrates, whole labeled cells milled with a FIB-SEM instrument to reveal cell interiors, and ultramicrotome sections of labeled cells for NanoSIMS imaging of13C enrichment in protists and associated bacteria. Our results show these methods have the potential to provide direct evidence for nutrient flow and suggest the oxymonad protistOxymonas dimorphaphagocytoses and enzymatically degrades ingested wood fragments, and may transfer carbon derived from this to its surface bacterial symbionts.
Urocortin 2 is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm and mediates anti-proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells via corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 2
Authors: Emeto Theophilus I. , Moxon Joseph V. , Biros Erik , Rush Catherine M. , Clancy Paula , Woodward Lynn , Moran Corey S. , Jose Roby J. , Nguyen Tam , Walker Philip J. , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: October 2013

AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) is an important cause of sudden death in older adults, but there is no current effective drug therapy for this disease. The UCNs (urocortins1–3) and their receptors: CRFR (corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor)-1 and -2 have been implicated in various CVDs (cardiovascular diseases). We assessed the relative expression of UCN1–3 in AAA by qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription–PCR) and ELISA, and examined in vitro how UCN2 affects human aortic VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) Akt phosphorylation, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL (interleukin)-6 secretion, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. UCN2 and CRFR2 expression were significantly up-regulated in biopsies from the AAA body. AAA body biopsies released high amounts of UCN2 in vitro. Median plasma UCN2 concentrations were 2.20 ng/ml (interquartile range 1.14–4.55 ng/ml, n=67) in AAA patients and 1.11 ng/ml (interquartile range 0.76–2.55 ng/ml, n=67) in patients with non-aneurysmal PAD (peripheral artery disease) (P=0.001). Patients with UCN2 in the highest quartile had a 4.12-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.37–12.40) greater prevalence of AAA independent of other risk factors, P=0.012. In vitro, UCN2 significantly inhibited VSMC Akt phosphorylation and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. UCN2 induced VSMC G1 cell-cycle arrest and increased IL-6 secretion over 24 h. The CRFR2 antagonist astressin-2B significantly abrogated the effects of UCN2 on VSMCs. In conclusion, UCN2 is significantly associated with AAA and inhibits VSMC proliferation by inducing a G1 cell cycle arrest suggesting a plausible regulatory role in AAA pathogenesis.
Reading Skills of Students With Speech Sound Disorders at Three Stages of Literacy Development
Authors: Skebo Crysten M. , Lewis Barbara A. , Freebairn Lisa A. , Tag Jessica , Avrich Ciesla Allison , Stein Catherine M. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
The relationship between phonological awareness, overall language, vocabulary, and nonlinguistic cognitive skills to decoding and reading comprehension was examined for students at 3 stages of literacy development (i.e., early elementary school, middle school, and high school). Students with histories of speech sound disorders (SSD) with and without language impairment (LI) were compared to students without histories of SSD or LI (typical language; TL).

Method
In a cross-sectional design, students ages 7;0 (years;months) to 17;9 completed tests that measured reading, language, and nonlinguistic cognitive skills.

Results
For the TL group, phonological awareness predicted decoding at early elementary school, and overall language predicted reading comprehension at early elementary school and both decoding and reading comprehension at middle school and high school. For the SSD-only group, vocabulary predicted both decoding and reading comprehension at early elementary school, and overall language predicted both decoding and reading comprehension at middle school and decoding at high school. For the SSD and LI group, overall language predicted decoding at all 3 literacy stages and reading comprehension at early elementary school and middle school, and vocabulary predicted reading comprehension at high school.

Conclusion
Although similar skills contribute to reading across the age span, the relative importance of these skills changes with children's literacy stages.
Toward fully flexible multilayer moisture-barriers for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Seo Seung-Woo , Jung Eun , Joon Seo Sang , Chae Heeyeop , Kyoon Chung Ho , Min Cho Sung 
Published: October 2013

Flexible organic light-emitting diodes require flexible thin-film encapsulation to ensure both a long lifetime and flexibility of the device. Although an aluminum oxide layer grown by atomic layer deposition can protect the device from oxidative species, such as moisture, it does not provide sufficient flexibility for a flexible device. Thus, organic-inorganic multilayer structures were prepared and tested for both the moisture-barrier property and flexibility to achieve fully flexible thin-film encapsulation for organic light-emitting diodes. The flexible thin-film encapsulation developed in this study resulted in an initial water vapor transmission rate of 3 × 10−4 g/m2/day that decreased by only 10% even after a 10 000 severe bending cycles at a bending radius of 0.3 cm. This result was possible by reducing the thickness of the aluminum-oxide sub-layer as low as possible down to only 1 cycle of atomic layer deposition and placing it in a neutral stress plane. Theoretical estimations of tensile strain supported the experimental results.