bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Medically Underserved Regions of South America and Vietnam
Authors: Jacobs Robin J. , Collias Belinda A. , Rana Arif M. , Wallace Elaine M. , Michael N. Kane , Boesler David R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Context: Musculoskeletal disorders have been implicated as the leading cause of disability throughout the world, representing a high percentage of the disease burden in many nations. Anecdotal evidence suggests that musculoskeletal pain has become increasingly pervasive, especially among rural populations of developing countries.

Objective: To characterize specific musculoskeletal disorders in medically under-served regions where these issues have not yet been thoroughly examined.

Methods: The sample comprised adult residents receiving care during brief medical outreach trips to South America (Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina) and Vietnam from December 2010 to March 2013. Patients completed an anonymous questionnaire on musculoskeletal pain, self-reported health status, were associated with acute and health care-seeking behavior. Demographic information was also obtained.

Results: In Vietnam, 295 patients aged 20 to 88 years (mean [SD], 59 [14.7] years) completed the survey, 204 (69%) of whom were women. In South America, 552 patients aged 18 to 86 years (mean [SD], 44 [17.24] years) completed the survey, 398 (72.1%) of whom were women. Among the Vietnamese patients, acute pain was most frequently felt in the knees (132 [44.7%]), which were also the most frequent site of chronic pain (122 [41.4%]). Among the South American patients, acute pain was felt most frequently in the lower back (225 [47%]), and the upper back (253 [46.6%]) was the most frequent site of chronic pain. Associations were found between sex and chronic pain, with women reporting more chronic pain than men in the shoulder (17 [53%] vs 15 [47%], respectively), upper back (85 [79%] vs 22 [21%]), hand/wrist (153 [85%] vs 52 [15%]), and knee (40 [80%] vs 7 [20%]). Men reported more acute knee pain than women (73 [48%] vs 148 [38%], respectively). For patients in both samples, acute pain was associated with chronic pain in the same location for all body parts (P<.01).

Conclusion: This study characterized specific musculoskeletal disorders in selected poor and underserved regions in Vietnam and South America. Owing to reported regional differences, the authors recommend that global treatment protocols be developed with a population-specific approach after conducting a needs assessment for musculoskeletal disorders. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(1):12-22 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.003
Resolution of Hypothyroidism After Correction of Somatovisceral Reflex Dysfunction by Refusion of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Berkowitz Murray R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Psychosis is a rare initial presentation of new-onset hypothyroidism. The author describes the case of a 29-year-old woman who presented with psychosis caused by hypothyroidism, or myxedema madness. Although the patient's psychosis resolved after standard monotherapy using levothyroxine sodium, her hypothyroidism persisted. Imaging of the patient's cervical spine showed that previous C5-C6 and C6-C7 fusions had failed. The failed fusions were corrected, and the patient's hypothyroidism resolved, suggesting that the somatovisceral reflex was the cause of the patient's hypothyroidism. Although somatovisceral reflex dysfunctions are rare, physicians should consider them as potential underlying causes of their patients' presenting medical conditions.
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(1):46-49 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.007
Does Adding Diffuse Optical Tomography to Sonography Improve Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions?
Authors: La Yun Bo , Kim Sun Mi , Jang Mijung , Ahn Hye Shin , Lyou Chae Yeon , Kim Mi Sun , Kim Sun Ah , Song Tai-Kyong , Yoo Yangmo , Chang Jin Ho , Kim Youngmi 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the added value of diffuse optical tomographic categories combined with conventional sonography for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions.MethodsIn this retrospective database review, we included 145 breast lesions (116 benign and 29 malignant) from 145 women (mean age, 46 years; range, 16–86 years). Five radiologists independently reviewed sonograms with and without a diffuse optical tomographic category. Each lesion was scored on a scale of 0% to 100% for suspicion of malignancy and rated according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Diagnostic performance was analyzed by comparing area under receiver operating characteristic curve values. Reader agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsIn the multireader multicase receiver operating characteristic analysis, adding a diffuse optical tomographic category to sonography improved the diagnostic accuracy of sonography (mean areas under the curve, 0.923 for sonography alone and 0.969 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography; P = .039). The interobserver correlation was also improved (0.798 for sonography alone and 0.904 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography). The specificity increased for 4 reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 45.8% (P < .001 for reviewers 1–4; P = .238 for reviewer 5) with no significant change in the sensitivity. When the diffuse optical tomographic category was applied strictly, the specificity increased for all reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 68.3% (P < .001 for all reviewers) with no significant change in the sensitivity.ConclusionsThe addition of diffuse optical tomographic categories to sonography may improve diagnostic performance and markedly decrease false‐positive biopsy recommendations.
A New Insight for Evaluation of the Inferior Turbinate With Ultrasound Elastography
Authors: Kısmalı Erkan , Göde Sercan , Turhal Göksel , Öztürk Kerem , Midilli Rașit 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesThere are diseases that affect the stroma of the inferior turbinate and many surgical interventions that alter it. However, an objective method that can evaluate the turbinate's stromal structure in detail has not been defined yet. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and reliability of ultrasound elastography for objective evaluation of the inferior turbinate stroma and define the most suitable elastographic technique.MethodsTwenty inferior turbinates in 10 healthy participants were included. Five of the participants (50%) were male, and 5 (50%) were female, with a mean age ± SD of 28.3 ± 3.2 years (range, 26–35) years. To obtain reliable and reproducible results, elastography was performed twice, 3 days apart, with and without a topical decongestant to evaluate the effects of the nasal cycle and mucosal edema. Two previously described valid elastographic outcome measures were reevaluated for the inferior turbinate. The tissue strain ratio and sound wave propagation speed were calculated for each measurement.ResultsMedian propagation speeds without and with the decongestant for the first and second measurements were 2.125 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.85), 2.175 (IQR, 0.53), 2.520 (IQR, 0.79), and 2.555 (IQR, 0.53) m/s, respectively. Median turbinate stroma‐to‐subcutaneous tissue strain ratios without and with the decongestant for the first and second measurements were 1.402 (IQR, 0.96), 0.942 (IQR, 0.24), 1.035 (IQR, 0.98), and 1.427 (IQR, 1.68).ConclusionsWe suggest that elastography is a reliable and reproducible method that is not substantially affected by mucosal edema. It is a novel technique that can evaluate the inferior turbinate stroma and might be used in concordance with other objective functional techniques such as acoustic rhinometry. Therefore, it can be used in further studies regarding diagnosis of turbinate diseases and objective evaluation of previous surgical treatments.
Observed interannual variability of near‐surface salinity in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Pant Vimlesh , Girishkumar M. S. , Udaya Bhaskar T. V. S. , Ravichandran M. , Papa Fabrice , Thangaprakash V. P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn in situ gridded data of salinity, comprising Argo and CTD profiles, has been used to study the interannual variability of near‐surface salinity (within 30 m from sea surface) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the years 2005–2013. In addition to the broad agreement with earlier studies on the north‐to‐south gradient of surface salinity and general features of seasonal variability of salinity, the data also revealed few episodes of enhanced freshening in the BoB. The observations showed distinct anomalous low salinity (< 2 psu) waters in the northern BoB during June–February of the years 2006–2007 (Y67), 2011–2012 (Y12), and 2012–2013 (Y23). The anomalous freshening during these years showed similar life cycle, such as, it starts in the northern BoB during July–September of current summer and extends up to February–March of next winter with a southward propagation. Analysis showed that the oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) lead to these freshening events, and IOD rather than El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) controls the interannual variability of salinity in the BoB. The mixed layer salt budget analysis indicated the dominant role of local fresh water flux (horizontal advection) on the observed salinity tendency during summer (winter) monsoon season. Enhanced precipitation associated with pIOD lead to enhanced freshening in northern BoB during June–September, which remained to this region with prevailing summer monsoon circulation. The weakening or absence of southward east India coastal current (EICC) during October–December of these freshening years trapped anomalous freshwater in the northern BoB.
CALIPSO inferred most probable heights of global dust and smoke layers
Authors: Huang Jingfeng , Guo Jianping , Wang Fu , Liu Zhaoyan , Jeong Myeong‐Jae , Yu Hongbin , Zhang Zhibo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe vertical location of aerosol layers is critical for determining predominance of aerosol radiative and microphysical effects in aerosol‐cloud‐precipitation‐climate interaction. The spaceborne lidar system, the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), provides an unprecedented opportunity to observe vertical distributions of global aerosol layers. In this study we examine the most probable height (MPH) of dust and smoke layers, which are calculated either from aerosol occurrence frequency (OF) in vertical feature mask or aerosol extinction profile. The study focuses on six high‐aerosol‐loading regions where aerosols are of great interest in a range of scientific topics: Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over Tropical Atlantic, West African Monsoon region (WAM), Southeast Atlantic Ocean (SAO), Southeast Asia (SEA) and South China Sea, Amazon (AMZ), and Northwestern Pacific (NWP). The analysis revealed interesting spatial and seasonal variability of different vertical mixture features over these regions: seasonal migration of dust layers over SAL, separation and mixture of dust and smoke layers over WAM and NWP, and smoke layer above clouds over SAO, SEA, and AMZ. Results also indicated that the OF‐based MPH tends to be much higher than the aerosol optical depth (AOD)‐based MPH, owing to the predominating near‐surface sources. Within the same vertical resolution grid of CALIPSO, aerosols are found with higher OF at higher levels but AOD tends to increase toward lower levels, because most aerosol sources are near the surface and the aerosol layers transported to high altitudes are generally much more diluted over larger spatial domain than those near the surface.
Style of rifting and the stages of Pangea breakup
Authors: Frizon de Lamotte Dominique , Fourdan Brendan , Leleu Sophie , Leparmentier François , de Clarens Philippe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPangea results from the progressive amalgamation of continental blocks achieved at 320 Ma. Assuming that the ancient concept of “active” versus “passive” rifting remains pertinent as end‐members of more complex processes, we show that the progressive Pangea breakup occurred through a succession of rifting episodes characterized by different tectonic evolutions. A first episode of passive continental rifting during the Upper Carboniferous and Permian led to the formation of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean. Then at the beginning of Triassic times, two short episodes of active rifting associated to the Siberian and Emeishan large igneous provinces (LIPs) failed. The true disintegration of Pangea resulted from (1) a Triassic passive rifting leading to the emplacement of the central Atlantic magmatic province (200 Ma) LIP and the subsequent opening of the central Atlantic Ocean during the lowermost Jurassic and from (2) a Lower Jurassic active rifting triggered by the Karoo‐Ferrar LIP (183 Ma), which led to the opening of the West Indian Ocean. The same sequence of passive then active rifting is observed during the Lower Cretaceous with, in between, the Parana‐Etendeka LIP at 135 Ma. We show that the relationships between the style of rifts and their breakdown or with the type of resulting margins (as magma poor or magma dominated) are not straightforward. Finally, we discuss the respective role of mantle global warming promoted by continental agglomeration and mantle plumes in the weakening of the continental lithosphere and their roles as rifting triggers.
Partitioning of evapotranspiration using high‐frequency water vapor isotopic measurement over a rice paddy field
Authors: Wei Zhongwang , Yoshimura Kei , Okazaki Atsushi , Kim Wonsik , Liu Zhongfang , Yokoi Masaharu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPartitioning ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) into soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) is crucial for understanding hydrological processes. In this study, by using high‐frequency isotope measurements and continuous surface water measurements, we investigated the isotope ratios in soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer and the physical mechanisms involved over a paddy field for a full growing season. The isotopic signals of δET, δT, and δE were determined by the Keeling plot method, surface water isotopic measurements, and the Craig‐Gordon model, respectively. The fraction of transpiration in evapotranspiration (FT) ranged from 0.2 to 1, with an almost continuous increase in the early growing season and a relatively constant value close to 1 later in the year. The result was supported by FT derived from simulated T and eddy correlation measured ET. The seasonal change in the transpiration fraction could be described quite well as a function of the LAI (FT = 0.67LAI0.25, R2 = 0.80), implying that transpiration plays a dominant role in the soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere continuum during the growing season. The two end‐member uncertainty analysis suggested that further improvement in the estimation of δT and δET is necessary for partitioning evapotranspiration using the isotopic method. In the estimation of δET, the assumptions underlying Keeling plot method were rarely met and the uncertainty was quite large. A high frequency of precise isotopic measurements in surface water was also necessary for δT estimation. Furthermore, special care must be taken concerning the kinetic fractionation parameter in the Craig and Gordon Equation for δE estimation under low‐LAI conditions. The results demonstrated the robustness of using isotope measurements for partitioning evapotranspiration.
Sea ice floe size distribution in the marginal ice zone: Theory and numerical experiments
Authors: Zhang Jinlun , Schweiger Axel , Steele Michael , Stern Harry 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo better describe the state of sea ice in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) with floes of varying thicknesses and sizes, both an ice thickness distribution (ITD) and a floe size distribution (FSD) are needed. In this work, we have developed a FSD theory that is coupled to the ITD theory of Thorndike et al. (1975) in order to explicitly simulate the evolution of FSD and ITD jointly. The FSD theory includes a FSD function and a FSD conservation equation in parallel with the ITD equation. The FSD equation takes into account changes in FSD due to ice advection, thermodynamic growth, and lateral melting. It also includes changes in FSD because of mechanical redistribution of floe size due to ice ridging and, particularly, ice fragmentation induced by stochastic ocean surface waves. The floe size redistribution due to ice fragmentation is based on the assumption that wave‐induced breakup is a random process such that when an ice floe is broken, floes of any smaller sizes have an equal opportunity to form, without being either favored or excluded. To focus only on the properties of mechanical floe size redistribution, the FSD theory is implemented in a simplified ITD and FSD sea ice model for idealized numerical experiments. Model results show that the simulated cumulative floe number distribution (CFND) follows a power law as observed by satellites and airborne surveys. The simulated values of the exponent of the power law, with varying levels of ice breakups, are also in the range of the observations. It is found that floe size redistribution and the resulting FSD and mean floe size do not depend on how floe size categories are partitioned over a given floe size range. The ability to explicitly simulate multicategory FSD and ITD together may help to incorporate additional model physics, such as FSD‐dependent ice mechanics, surface exchange of heat, mass, and momentum, and wave‐ice interactions.
Distributions of ice supersaturation and ice crystals from airborne observations in relation to upper tropospheric dynamical boundaries
Authors: Diao Minghui , Jensen Jorgen B. , Pan Laura L. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Honomichl Shawn , Bresch James F. , Bansemer Aaron 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIce supersaturation (ISS) is the prerequisite condition for cirrus cloud formation. To examine multiscale dynamics' influences on ISS formation, we analyze in situ aircraft observations (~200 m scale) over North America in coordinates relative to dynamical boundaries in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Two case studies demonstrate that ISS formation is likely influenced by mesoscale uplifting, small‐scale waves, and turbulence. A collective analysis of 15 flights in April–June 2008 shows that the top layers of ISS and ice crystal distributions are strongly associated with thermal tropopause height. In addition, the average occurrence frequencies of ISS and ice crystals on the anticyclonic side of the jet stream are ~1.5–2 times of those on the cyclonic side. By defining five cirrus evolution phases based on the spatial relationships between ice‐supersaturated and in‐cloud regions, we find that their peak occurrence frequencies are located at decreasing altitudes with respect to the thermal tropopause: (phase 1) clear‐sky ISS around the tropopause, (phase 2) nucleation phase around 2 km below the tropopause, (phases 3 and 4) early and later growth phases around 6 km below the tropopause, and (phase 5) sedimentation/sublimation around 2–6 km below the tropopause. Consistent with this result, chemical tracer correlation analysis shows that the majority (~80%) of the earlier cirrus phases (clear‐sky ISS and nucleation) occurs inside the chemical tropopause transition layer, while the later phases happen mostly below that layer. These results shed light on the role of dynamical environment in facilitating cirrus cloud formation and evolution.
Convective response to changes in the thermodynamic environment in idealized weak temperature gradient simulations
Authors: Sessions Sharon L. , Herman Michael J. , Sentić Stipo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe investigate the response of convection to idealized perturbations in the thermodynamic environment in simulations which parameterize the large‐scale circulations using the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation. The perturbations include a combination of modifying the environmental moisture and atmospheric stability via imposing anomalies in reference moisture and temperature profiles. We find that changes in atmospheric stability strongly influence the character of convection by drastically modifying the vertical motion profile, whereas changes to atmospheric moisture modulate the intensity of precipitation produced by the convection, but do not qualitatively change the shape of the vertical motion profile. An important question is how does horizontal moisture advection into the domain affect convection? We test several different parameterizations of this process; these include lateral entrainment by circulations induced by enforcing WTG, a moisture relaxation which parameterizes the advection of moisture by large‐scale nondivergent circulations, and control simulations in which both of these mechanisms are turned off so horizontal advection is assumed negligible compared to vertical advection. Interestingly, the most significant differences resulting from the choice of horizontal moisture advection scheme appear in environmental conditions which suppress–rather than support–the development of deep tropical convection. In this case, lateral entrainment related to WTG circulations is the only parameterization which results in extreme drying of the troposphere in environments which suppress convection. Consequently, this is the only parameterization which permits multiple equilibria—dry or precipitating steady states—in convection.
Geophysical and geochemical nature of relaminated arc‐derived lower crust underneath oceanic domain in southern Mongolia
Authors: Guy Alexandra , Schulmann Karel , Janoušek Vojtěch , Štípská Pavla , Armstrong Robin , Belousova Elena , Dolgopolova Alla , Seltmann Reimar , Lexa Ondrej , Jiang Yingde , Hanžl Pavel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in southern Mongolia consists of E‐W trending Neoproterozoic cratons and Silurian‐Devonian oceanic tectonic zones. Previous study revealed that the Early Paleozoic accretionary wedge and the oceanic tectonic zone are underlain by a layer giving a homogeneous gravity signal. Forward gravity modelling suggests that this layer is not formed of high‐density material typical of lower oceanic crust but is composed of low‐ to intermediate‐density rocks resembling continental crust. The nature of this lower crust is constrained by the whole‐rock geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopic signature of abundant Late Carboniferous high‐K calc‐alkaline and Early Permian A‐type granitoids intruding the two Early Paleozoic domains. It is possible to explain the genesis of these granitoids by anatexis of juvenile, metaigneous (tonalitic‐gabbroic) rocks of Late Cambrian age, the source of which is presumed to lie in the “Khantaishir” arc (520–495 Ma) further north. In order to test this hypothesis, the likely modal composition and density of Khantaishir arc‐like protoliths are thermodynamically modelled at granulite‐ and higher amphibolite‐facies conditions. It is shown that the current average density of the lower crust inferred by gravity modelling (2730 ± 20 kg/m3) matches best metamorphosed leucotonalite to diorite. Based on these results, it is now proposed that Mongolian CAOB has an architecture in which the accretionary wedge and oceanic upper crust is underlain by allochthonous lower crust that originated in a Cambrian arc. A tectonic model explaining relamination of allochthonous felsic to intermediate lower crust beneath mafic upper crust is proposed.