bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventral onlay buccal mucosa urethroplasty: A 10‐year experience
Authors: Mellon Matthew J , Bihrle Richard 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo report our experience, and to evaluate the long‐term outcomes and complication profiles of ventral onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty (BMU) after prior urological intervention.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 114 consecutive patients between February 2001 and April 2009 who underwent buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for recurrent anterior urethral stricture disease. Seven patients were excluded for incomplete data. The remaining 107 patients comprised the study cohort. The mean follow‐up time was 39.3 months (range 6.6–127.3 months). All patients had prior urological attempts at operative management.ResultsThe mean stricture length was 3.14 cm (range 1.0–8.0 cm). Indications for buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty included: lichen sclerosis (2.8%), iatrogenic (24.3%), infection (4.7%) and perineal trauma/straddle injury (20.6%). Of these patients, 78 had bulbo‐membranous stricture disease, 20 had penile involvement and nine were multifocal strictures. The average number of prior urological procedures was 2.83 (range 1–9). The overall graft failure rate was 6.5%. Importantly, the re‐operation rate was 20.6%, primarily for stricture recurrence (18), meatal stenosis (3) and urethral diverticulum. The mean time to complication was 10.8 months.ConclusionsVentral onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty offers satisfactory results in the setting of recurrent and complicated urethral stricture disease. Graft failures and complications generally occur within the first year after surgery. Bulbar strictures enjoy greater graft patency and lower complication rates than other stricture locations. In particular, guarded expectations should be given for stricture length >4 cm and multifocal disease.
Emergency department staff attitudes towards mental health consumers: A literature review and thematic content analysis
Authors: Clarke Diana , Usick Rachel , Sanderson Ana , Giles‐Smith Lori , Baker John 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVisits to the emergency department (ED) for mental health reasons account for 10–15% of all visits. Consumers of mental health ED services, however, report that they often feel sent to the back of the queue and that their mental health concerns are not taken seriously, suggesting that societal stigma has impacted their care in the ED. In this study, we systematically explore the research concerning the attitudes of ED professional staff towards those who present with issues related to mental health. Four themes emerge from the literature: consumer perspectives, whose tenor is generally one of negativity; staff‐reported attitudes and influencing factors, such as age, experience, and confidence in working with mental health presentations; the environmental climate of the ED, which might not be conducive to good mental health care; and interventions that have been used to evaluate changes in attitudes.
Supply of neuraminidase inhibitors related to reduced influenza A (H1N1) mortality during the 2009–2010 H1N1 pandemic: summary of an ecological study
Authors: Miller Paula E. , Rambachan Aksharananda , Hubbard Roderick J. , Li Jiabai , Meyer Alison E. , Stephens Peter , Mounts Anthony W. , Rolfes Melissa A. , Penn Charles R. 
Published: August 2013

When the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic spread across the globe from April 2009 to August 2010, many WHO Member States used antiviral drugs, specifically neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) oseltamivir and zanamivir, to treat influenza patients in critical condition. Antivirals have been found to be effective in reducing severity and duration of influenza illness, and likely reduce morbidity; however, it is unclear whether NAIs used during the pandemic reduced H1N1 mortality. To assess the association between antivirals and influenza mortality, at an ecologic level, country‐level data on supply of oseltamivir and zanamivir were compared to laboratory‐confirmed H1N1 deaths (per 100 000 people) from July 2009 to August 2010 in 42 WHO Member States. From this analysis, it was found that each 10% increase in kilograms of oseltamivir, per 100 000 people, was associated with a 1·6% reduction in H1N1 mortality over the pandemic period [relative rate (RR) = 0·84 per log increase in oseltamivir supply]. Each 10% increase in kilogram of active zanamivir, per 100 000, was associated with a 0·3% reduction in H1N1 mortality (RR = 0·97 per log increase). While limitations exist in the inference that can be drawn from an ecologic evaluation, this analysis offers evidence of a protective relationship between antiviral drug supply and influenza mortality and supports a role for influenza antiviral use in future pandemics. This article summarises the original study described previously, which can be accessed through the following citation: Miller PE, Rambachan A, Hubbard RJ, Li J, Meyer AE, et al. (2012) Supply of Neuraminidase Inhibitors Related to Reduced Influenza A (H1N1) Mortality during the 2009–2010 H1N1 Pandemic: An Ecological Study. PLoS ONE 7(9): e43491.
What Drives Contagion in Financial Markets? Liquidity Effects versus Information Spill‐Over
Authors: Haß Lars Helge , Koziol Christian , Schweizer Denis 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to study how contagion works in financial markets by identifying the mechanisms which drive the spill‐over of shocks from one market to other markets. To address this question we use open‐ended property funds (OPFs) as they offer a unique institutional setting which allows separating between liquidity and information spill‐over. We find that that liquidity risk captures the observed discounts very well when the danger of potential future impairments is low. Once the impending NAV impairments become very likely, also this component matters and attributes for a fraction of the total discount.
Which body condition index is best?
Authors: Labocha Marta K. , Schutz Heidi , Hayes Jack P. 
Published: August 2013

Body condition indices are widely used by ecologists, but many indices are used without empirical validation. To test the validity of a variety of indices, we compared how well a broad range of body condition indices predicted body fat mass, percent body fat and residual fat mass in mice Mus musculus. We also compared the performance of these condition indices with the multiple regression of several morphometric variables on body fat mass, percent body fat and residual fat mass.In our study population, two ratio based condition indices – body mass/body length and log body mass/log body length – predicted body fat mass as well as or better than other ratio and residual indices of condition in females. In males one ratio based condition index (log body mass/log body length) and one residual index (residuals from a regression of pelvic circumference on body length) were best at predicting body fat mass. All indices were better at estimating body fat mass, and residual fat mass than at estimating percent body fat. The predictions of body fat were much better for females than for males.Multiple regressions incorporating pelvic circumference (i.e. girth at the iliac crests) were the best predictors of body fat mass, residual fat mass, and percent body fat, and these multiple regressions were better than any of the condition indices.We recommend 1) that condition be precisely defined, 2) that predictors of condition be empirically validated, 3) that pelvic circumference be considered as a potential predictor of fat content, and 4) that, in general, multiple regression be considered as an alternative to condition indices.
Er2O3 Doping Effect on Varistor Properties and Multiimpulse Stress Behavior of ZnO–PrO1.83–CoO–Cr2O3–Dy2O3 Ceramics
Authors: Nahm Choon W. 
Published: August 2013

The Er2O3 doping effects on varistor properties and impulse aging behavior of the ZnO–PrO1.83–CoO–Cr2O3–Dy2O3 ceramics were investigated in the range of 0–2.0 mol%. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 42 to 56 with an increase in the amount of Er2O3. The clamp voltage ratio (K) decreased with an increase in the amount of Er2O3. The varistors doped with 2.0 mol% in the amount of Er2O3 exhibited the best clamping characteristics, with K = 1.43–1.83 at an impulse current of 1–50 A. The varistors doped with 0.25 mol% in the amount of Er2O3 exhibited the strongest electrical stability, with the variation rate of the breakdown field of −0.5%, the variation rate of the nonlinear coefficient of −5.5%, and the variation rate of the leakage current of −1.5% after applying 400 times at an impulse current of 400 A
Prevalence and quality of clinical pathways in Swedish intensive care units: a national survey
Authors: Bjurling‐Sjöberg Petronella , Jansson Inger , Wadensten Barbro , Engström Gabriella , Pöder Ulrika 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesTo identify the prevalence of clinical pathways (CPs) in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs) and to explore the quality, content and evidence base of the documents.MethodsA descriptive and explorative survey of all Swedish ICUs (N84) and a review of submitted examples of CPs (n12) were conducted.ResultsCPs were in use at 20% of the Swedish ICUs. There was a significant geographic variation but no relationship between the use of CPs and category of hospital, type of ICU, size of ICU or type of health record applied. In total, 56 CPs were reported within a range of scopes and extensions. The content of the ICUs' CPs, as well as the degree to which they were interprofessional, evidence based, and renewed varied.ConclusionsProgress has been made in relation to CPs in recent years, but there is potential for further improvements. None of the ICUs had CPs that contained all key characteristics of a high‐quality, interprofessional and evidence‐based CP identified in the literature. Greater knowledge sharing and cooperation within the field would be beneficial, and further research is needed.
Separation of Powder Mixtures during Electrostatic and Nonelectrostatic Coating
Authors: Likitwattanasade Teerarat , Barringer Sheryl A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPowder separation causes uneven flavor and color on coated food products. Understanding the basis behind separation is needed to decrease separation. NaCl, starch, protein, sugar and mixtures of pairs of those powders were coated nonelectrostatically and electrostatically. Separation occurred in most mixtures. Individual targeting loss and adhesion loss caused separation while interactions between powders decreased both of these losses and separation during mixture coating. The difference in individual targeting loss was the greatest cause of separation. During nonelectrostatic coating, when NaCl was one of the powders in the mixture, there were a greater number of locations both where separation actually occurred and where it was predicted to occur. During electrostatic coating, the individual targeting loss of all powders during electrostatic coating was lower than in nonelectrostatic coating and the difference in individual targeting loss was also lower. Electrostatic coating generally decreased separation in the mixtures without NaCl.Practical ApplicationsUsing mixtures with similar size powders has been shown to reduce separation during powder coating. However, even if the powders are the same size, separation still occurs because different powders have different properties. Increasing the amount of salt in a mixture may decrease separation because salt has greater targeting loss than other powders. Minimizing differences in individual targeting loss decreases separation, as does mixing powders together. Electrostatic coating can be used to decrease losses and separation in mixtures without salt.
Non‐invasive detection of neurochemical changes prior to overt pathology in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Emir Uzay E. , Brent Clark Howard , Vollmers Manda L. , Eberly Lynn E. , Öz Gülin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a hereditary, progressive and fatal movement disorder that primarily affects the cerebellum. Non‐invasive imaging markers to detect early disease in SCA1 will facilitate testing and implementation of potential therapies. We have previously demonstrated the sensitivity of neurochemical levels measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to progressive neurodegeneration using a transgenic mouse model of SCA1. In order to investigate very early neurochemical changes related to neurodegeneration, here we utilized a knock‐in mouse model, the Sca1154Q/2Q line, which displays milder cerebellar pathology than the transgenic model. We measured cerebellar neurochemical profiles of Sca1154Q/2Q mice and wild‐type littermates using 9.4T MRS at ages 6, 12, 24, and 39 weeks and assessed the cerebellar pathology of a subset of the mice at each time point. The Sca1154Q/2Q mice displayed very mild cerebellar pathology even at 39 weeks, however, were distinguished from wild types by MRS starting at 6 weeks. Taurine and total choline levels were significantly lower at all ages and glutamine and total creatine levels were higher starting at 12 weeks in Sca1154Q/2Q mice than controls, demonstrating the sensitivity of neurochemical levels to neurodegeneration related changes in the absence of overt pathology.
imageWe measured cerebellar neurochemical alterations in a knock‐in mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, a hereditary movement disorder, using ultra‐high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Very early neurochemical alterations were detectable prior to overt pathology in the volume‐of‐interest for MRS. Alterations were indicative of osmolytic changes and of disturbances in membrane phospholipid and energy metabolism.
What is the origin of the arterial vascularization of the corpora cavernosa? A computer‐assisted anatomic dissection study
Authors: Diallo Djibril , Zaitouna Mazen , Alsaid Bayan , Quillard Jeannine , Droupy Stéphane , Benoit Gérard , Bessede Thomas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the microscopic arterial vascularization of the corpora cavernosa (CC) of the penis using computer‐assisted anatomic dissection (CAAD), determine the contribution of the different penile arteries towards this vascularization, detail the nature of cavernospongiosum shunts, and locate the anastomoses between these different arteries. Tissue specimens were taken from five donors who donated their bodies to science. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and sliced into a series of five 5‐μm sections at intervals of 200 μm. The first section was stained with hematoxylin‐eosin or Masson's trichrome and the second with anti‐protein S100. The cavernous artery of the penis is not the only source of arterial vascularization of the CC. In four of the five cases studied, we found two to four perforating branches arising from the dorsal arteries of the penis that join up with the cavernous artery of the penis or that are solely responsible for the vascularization of the distal third of the penis. The bulbo‐urethral and urethral arteries are situated outside of the tunica albuginea of the corpus spongiosum on their lateral and dorsal sides. The anastomoses do not occur between the cavernous artery of the penis and the corpus spongiosum but between the cavernous artery of the penis and the urethral artery on the surface of the tunica albuginea. All of these arteries are accompanied by nerve branches. The CC were found to be vascularized by both cavernous and dorsal arteries of the penis. Intrapenile vascularization is organized around four arterial axes, which are anastomosed by multiple neurovascular shunts.
Improving forensic mental health care to Indigenous Australians: theorizing the intercultural space
Authors: Durey A. , Wynaden D. , O'Kane M. 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summaryThis paper
uses the ‘intercultural space’ as an educational strategy to prepare nurses to work respectfully with Indigenous patients in a forensic mental health context;
offers an educational approach that introduces nurses to Indigenous knowledge, beliefs and values, examines power relations in colonized countries between the dominant white cultural group and the Indigenous population and encourages nurses to critically reflect on their health care practice; and
explores the intercultural space as a shared space between cultures fostering open and robust inquiry where neither culture dominates and new positions, representations and understandings can emerge.
AbstractGiven the disproportionately high number of Indigenous people imprisoned in colonized countries, this paper responds to research from Western Australia on the need to prepare forensic mental health nurses to deliver care to Indigenous patients with mental health disorders. The paper highlights the nexus between theory, research and education that can inform the design and implementation of programmes to help nurses navigate the complex, layered and contested ‘intercultural space’ and deliver culturally safe care to Indigenous patients. Nurses are encouraged to critically reflect on how beliefs and values underpinning their cultural positioning impact on health care to Indigenous patients. The paper draws on intercultural theory to offer a pedagogical framework that acknowledges the negative impacts of colonization on Indigenous health and well‐being, repositions and revalues Indigenous cultures and knowledges and fosters open and robust inquiry. This approach is seen as a step towards working more effectively in the intercultural space where ultimately binary oppositions that privilege one culture over another and inhibit robust inquiry are avoided, paving the way for new, more inclusive positions, representations and understandings to emerge. While the intercultural space can be a place of struggle, tension and ambiguity, it also offers deep potential for change.
Texture Development in Gluten‐Free Breads: Effect of Different Enzymes and Extruded Flour
Authors: Martínez Mario M. , Marcos Pablo , Gómez Manuel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOne of the main problems with gluten‐free breads is their texture and their rapid staling. In this work, the influence of different enzymes (one protease, one lipase and two amylases) and of extruded rice flour on rice‐bread texture and texture development was studied. For this purpose, the development of firmness, cohesiveness, resilience, springiness and chewiness was modeled and the parameters that define the initial values and the development of these characteristics were measured. The addition of lipase and extruded flour increased bread volume and reduced the initial firmness and hardening of breads. There was an early fall in cohesiveness and resilience, with minimum values reached a few days after elaboration. There were 99.9% significant correlations between bread density and firmness, springiness and chewiness development.Practical ApplicationsThis methodology simplifies the study of gluten‐free bread textural parameters during storage and the result interpretation. Moreover, the correlation analysis has demonstrated that the number of textural parameters of gluten‐free breads to study can be reduced. Finally, the results obtained show that use of enzymes and extruded flours decreases bread staling.
HCV E1E2‐MF59 vaccine in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with PEG‐IFNα2a and Ribavirin: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Colombatto P. , Brunetto M. R. , Maina A. M. , Romagnoli V. , Almasio P. , Rumi M. G. , Ascione A. , Pinzello G. , Mondelli M. , Muratori L. , Rappuoli R. , Rosa D. , Houghton M. , Abrignani S. , Bonino F. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines may be able to increase viral clearance in combination with antiviral therapy. We analysed viral dynamics and HCV‐specific immune response during retreatment for experienced patients in a phase Ib study with E1E2MF59 vaccine. Seventy‐eight genotype 1a/1b patients [relapsers (30), partial responders (16) and nonresponders (32) to interferon‐(IFN)/ribavirin‐(RBV)] were randomly assigned to vaccine (V:23), Peg‐IFNα2a‐180‐ug/qw and ribavirin 1000–1200‐mg/qd for 48 weeks (P/R:25), or their combination (P/R + V:30). Vaccine (100 μg/0.5 mL) was administered intramuscularly at week 0‐4‐8‐12‐24‐28‐32‐36. Neutralizing of binding (NOB) antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) for E1E2‐specific‐CD4 + T cells were performed at week 0‐12‐16‐48. Viral kinetics were analysed up to week 16. The vaccine was safe, and a sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 4 P/R + V and 2 P/R patients. Higher SVR rates were observed in prior relapsers (P/R + V = 27.3%; P/R = 12.5%). Higher NOB titres and LPA indexes were found at week 12 and 16 in P/R + V as compared to P/R patients (P = 0.023 and 0.025, P = 0.019 and <0.001, respectively). Among the 22 patients with the strongest direct antiviral effects of IFN (ε ≥ 0.800), those treated with P/R + V (10) reached lower HCV‐RNA levels (P = 0.026) at week 16. HCV E1E2MF59 vaccine in combination with Peg‐IFNα2a + RBV was safe and elicited E1E2 neutralizing antibodies and specific CD4 + T cell proliferation. Upon early response to IFN, vaccinations were associated with an enhanced second phase viral load decline. These results prompt phase II trials in combination with new antiviral therapies.
Within‐guild dietary discrimination from 3‐Dtextural analysis of tooth microwear in insectivorous mammals
Authors: Purnell M. A. , Crumpton N. , Gill P. G. , Jones G. , Rayfield E. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractResource exploitation and competition for food are important selective pressures in animal evolution. A number of recent investigations have focused on linkages between diversification, trophic morphology and diet in bats, partly because their roosting habits mean that for many bat species diet can be quantified relatively easily through faecal analysis. Dietary analysis in mammals is otherwise invasive, complicated, time consuming and expensive. Here we present evidence from insectivorous bats that analysis of three‐dimensional (3‐D) textures of tooth microwear usingInternationalOrganization forStandardization (ISO) roughness parameters derived from sub‐micron surface data provides an additional, powerful tool for investigation of trophic resource exploitation in mammals. Our approach, like scale‐sensitive fractal analysis, offers considerable advantages over two‐dimensional (2‐D) methods of microwear analysis, including improvements in robustness, repeatability and comparability of studies. Our results constitute the first analysis of microwear textures in carnivorous mammals based onISOroughness parameters. They demonstrate that the method is capable of dietary discrimination, even between cryptic species with subtly different diets within trophic guilds, and even when sample sizes are small. We find significant differences in microwear textures between insectivore species whose diet contains different proportions of ‘hard’ prey (such as beetles) and ‘soft’ prey (such as moths), and multivariate analyses are able to distinguish between species with different diets based solely on their tooth microwear textures. Our results show that, compared with previous 2‐Danalyses of microwear in bats,ISOroughness parameters provide a much more sophisticated characterization of the nature of microwear surfaces and can yield more robust and subtle dietary discrimination.ISO‐based textural analysis of tooth microwear thus has a useful role to play, complementing existing approaches, in trophic analysis of mammals, both extant and extinct.