bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of covalent and noncovalent interactions of carbon nanotubes on the crystallization behavior and thermal properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Yu Hou‐Yong , Yao Ju‐Ming , Qin Zong‐Yi , Liu Lin , Yang Xiao‐Gang 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed into a poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co−3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) matrix, in which PHBV was either covalently attached to the nanotubes through an esterification reaction between the carboxylic groups of functionalized MWCNTs and the hydroxyl groups of PHBV with toluene diisocyanate as a coupling agent or physically mixed to result in only noncovalent interactions. The structure, crystallization behavior, and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites were studied. We found that the crystallization of PHBV grafted onto the MWCNTs (PHBV‐g‐MWCNTs) was markedly hindered and exhibited an exothermic peak caused by cold crystallization, whereas the nonisothermal crystallization of PHBV was enhanced because a heterogeneous nucleation effect appeared in the PHBV/MWCNTs. Moreover, the maximum decomposition temperature of the PHBV‐g‐MWCNTs was improved by about 14.4°C compared with that of the PHBV/MWCNTs and by about 23.7°C compared with that of the original PHBV. Furthermore, the PHBV‐g‐MWCNTs exhibited the wider melt‐processing window than the PHBV/MWCNTs and original PHBV. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4299–4307, 2013
Polylactide stereocomplex crystallization prompted by multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: de Arenaza I. Martínez , Sarasua Jose R. , Amestoy Hegoi , Lopez‐Rodriguez Nerea , Zuza Ester , Meaurio Emilio , Meyer Franck , Santos Jose I. , Raquez Jean‐Marie , Dubois Philippe 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of equimolar enantiomeric polylactide blends with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by a solvent casting/sonication procedure. The first objective of the study was to investigate the effect of MWCNTs as nucleating agents for the selective crystallization of the polylactide (PLA) stereocomplex to obtain PLA‐based nanocomposites. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies revealed large agglomerates and poor distribution of the non‐functionalized MWCNTs within the matrix. To enhance the compatibility between PLA and MWCNTs, pyrene‐end‐functionalized PLLA (py‐end‐PLLA) nanocomposites were prepared because of the ability of the pyrene moieties to interact with the MWCNTs via π−π stacking, and were subsequently blended with poly(d‐lactide) (PDLA) to investigate the possibility of achieving nanocomposites in which the enantiomeric blend crystallizes as stereocomplex. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), TEM, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), revealing that MWCNTs were efficient nucleating agents for the overall crystallization of the blends. Interestingly, full stereocomplexation could be achieved with the aid of soft specific thermal treatments. According to these results, the addition of small amounts of MWCNTs combined with a mild thermal treatment might extend the processing window for the preparation of polylactides exclusively crystallized in the stereocomplex form. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4327–4337, 2013
Enantioselective Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Tetrahydro‐Β‐Carboline Diketopiperazines
Authors: Ma Yangmin , Wu Hao , Zhang Jin , Li Yanchao 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA series of single isomers tetrahydro‐β‐carboline diketopiperazines were stereoselectively synthesized starting from l‐tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride and six aldehydes through a four‐step reaction including Pictet‐Spengler reaction, crystallization‐induced asymmetric transformations (CIAT), Schotten‐Baumann reaction, and intramolecular ester amidation. The chemical structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis, among which two compounds were determined by x‐ray single crystal diffraction. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of all the compounds were also tested. Chirality 25:656–662, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chiroptical Properties of Carbo[6]Helicene Derivatives Bearing Extended π‐Conjugated Cyano Substituents
Authors: Moussa Mehdi El Sayed , Srebro Monika , Anger Emmanuel , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Roussel Christian , Lescop Christophe , Autschbach Jochen , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNew carbo[6]helicene derivatives grafted with π‐conjugated cyano‐phenyl arms were synthesized in enantiopure forms and their π‐conjugation examined by UV–vis spectroscopy. The influence of the π‐conjugation on the circular dichroism spectra and molar rotations is discussed based on comparing experimental data with results from quantum‐chemical calculations. The results highlight the fact that increasing the spatial extension of the π‐system in a helicene molecule is an efficient way of increasing its molar rotation. Chirality 25:455–465, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety of non‐therapeutic atomoxetine exposures—a national poison data system study
Authors: Monte Andrew A. , Ceschi Alessandro , Bodmer Michael 
Published: July 2013

AimsThis study's objective is to assess the safety of non‐therapeutic atomoxetine exposures reported to the US National Poison Database System (NPDS).MethodsThis is a retrospective database study of non‐therapeutic single agent ingestions of atomoxetine in children and adults reported to the NPDS between 2002 and 2010.ResultsA total of 20 032 atomoxetine exposures were reported during the study period, and 12 370 of these were single agent exposures. The median age was 9 years (interquartile range 3, 14), and 7380 were male (59.7%). Of the single agent exposures, 8813 (71.2%) were acute exposures, 3315 (26.8%) were acute‐on‐chronic, and 166 (1.3%) were chronic. In 10 608 (85.8%) cases, exposure was unintentional, in 1079 (8.7%) suicide attempts, and in 629 (5.1%) cases abuse. Of these cases, 3633 (29.4 %) were managed at health‐care facilities. Acute‐on‐chronic exposure was associated with an increased risk of a suicidal reason for exposure compared with acute ingestions (odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.26–1.65). Most common clinical effects were drowsiness or lethargy (709 cases; 5.7%), tachycardia (555; 4.5%), and nausea (388; 3.1%). Major toxicity was observed in 21 cases (seizures in nine (42.9%), tachycardia in eight (38.1%), coma in six (28.6%), and ventricular dysrhythmia in one case (4.8%)).ConclusionsNon‐therapeutic atomoxetine exposures were largely safe, but seizures were rarely observed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myxoid liposarcoma of the spermatic cord: US and MR imaging findings
Authors: Abete Luca , Simonato Alchiede , Toncini Carlo , Carmignani Giorgio , Derchi Lorenzo E. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe report a patient with myxoid liposarcoma of the spermatic cord in whom combined use of both ultrasound (US) and MRI helped to suggest the diagnosis. The lesion was solid at US and vascularized at color Doppler. T1‐weighted MRI did not show fat within it; on T2‐weighted images it had high signal intensity, with a cyst‐like appearance. It is known that fat‐poor myxoid liposarcomas with high water content may mimic a cystic lesion on non‐contrast‐enhanced MR; then, a combination of MRI findings, suggesting a cyst, and of US findings, showing the mass was actually solid and vascularized, allowed preoperatively the diagnosis of fat‐poor myxoid liposarcoma. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:96–99, 2014
Synthesis of deuterated [D32]oleic acid and its phospholipid derivative [D64]dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine
Authors: Darwish Tamim A. , Luks Emily , Moraes Greta , Yepuri Nageshwar R. , Holden Peter J. , James Michael 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOleic acid and its phospholipid derivatives are fundamental to the structure and function of cellular membranes. As a result, there has been increasing interest in the availability of their deuterated forms for many nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, mass spectroscopy and neutron scattering studies. Here, we present for the first time a straightforward, large‐scale (gram quantities) synthesis of highly deuterated [D32]oleic acid by using multiple, yet simple and high yielding reactions. The precursors for the synthesis of [D32]oleic acid are [D14]azelaic acid and [D17]nonanoic acid, which were obtained by complete deuteration (>98% D) of their 1H forms by using metal catalysed hydrothermal H/D exchange reactions. The oleic acid was produced with ca. 94% D isotopic purity and with no contamination by the trans‐isomer (elaidic acid). The subsequent synthesis of [D64]dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine from [D32]oleic acid is also described. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azodioxides as Inhibitors and Retarders in Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Finson Stephen , Jury John M. , Crivello James V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe cyclic azodioxide, 1,4,4‐trimethyl‐2,3‐diazabicyclo[3.2.2]non‐2‐ene 2,3‐dioxide (5), displays the unique ability to function as a thermally reversible inhibitor for the UV‐induced photoinitiated cationic polymerizations of epoxide and vinyl ether monomers. At room temperature and below, the photopolymerizations are suppressed due to the capture of photogenerated initiating protons by the cis‐azodioxide group, which is both basic and serves as a bidentate coordinating group. However, at higher temperatures, the azodioxide group reverts to its ring‐opened dinitroso isomer and, as a consequence, loses its ability to coordinate to protons. Protons released during this process subsequently initiate the cationic polymerizations of the monomers. Reversible inhibitors such as 5 have several potential applications such as in the design of one‐component photoactivatable structural and assembly adhesives and in composites.
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Weapon‐related Cranial Lesions from Medieval and Renaissance Turin, Italy
Authors: Giuffra V. , Pejrani Baricco L. , Subbrizio M. , Fornaciari G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractArchaeological excavations carried out in the square around the Cathedral of S. Giovanni in Turin brought to light burials referable to the medieval and Renaissance periods. The anthropological examination of the skeletal remains allowed to identify two skeletons from the medieval period (10th–11th centuries) and four skeletons from the Renaissance age (15th century) showing weapon‐related cranial injuries. These peri mortem lesions are indicators of interpersonal aggression and in particular of armed conflicts. The two individuals from the early medieval period presented three traumas consisting in sharp force lesions caused by bladed weapons. As regards the Renaissance sample, the majority of the nine peri mortem injuries were sharp force wounds, followed by a blunt force trauma. These distribution patterns might reflect different fighting techniques, whereas the side distribution and location of the skull trauma provide further indications on the fighting modalities. Identification of the weapons that caused these traumas is suggested. The lack of post‐cranial wounds at Piazza S. Giovanni might be explained by the greater attention paid to the head, which was the main target of attack, or by adequate protection of the body through medieval and Renaissance armours. Otherwise, the wounds in the body would have been found only in the soft tissues, with no involvement of the bones.Despite the presence of weapon injuries, the results obtained from the study of the Renaissance sample are different from the findings of other contemporary battlefields. It is highly likely that the individuals of the Renaissance age were not young soldiers employed in war episodes and brought back for burial in Turin after battles that had taken place elsewhere. Instead, they were probably individuals who had died in riots or in other violent city episodes, as the historical records for the Renaissance age seem to confirm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posaconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the Real‐life Setting: A Single‐Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gross Barbara N. , Ihorst Gabriele , Jung Manfred , Wäsch Ralph , Engelhardt Monika 
Published: July 2013

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of posaconazole serum levels below 700 μg/L, the rate of breakthrough infections during posaconazole prophylaxis, and factors influencing posaconazole exposure in daily clinical practice.DesignProspective observational study and review of the literature.SettingHematology and oncology department in a tertiary care academic medical center.PatientsA total of 31 patients with hematologic diseases: 27 received posaconazole prophylaxis and 4 received posaconazole therapy.Measurements and Main ResultsWe analyzed 187 posaconazole serum levels from 31 patients (median of five posaconazole levels per patient; range 1–16). The analyses revealed that 80 of 187 levels (43%) were below 700 μg/L, and 68% of patients were found to have at least one measured level below this threshold. Breakthrough invasive fungal infections categorized as probable or possible infections occurred in 4 of 27 patients (15%) receiving the drug as prophylaxis. A multivariate analysis, accounting for repeated measurements per patient, revealed that age (p=0.02) and mucositis (p=0.04) were associated with significantly reduced posaconazole serum levels. A review of the current literature on posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring data from real‐world studies is presented as an overview table, highlighting the frequency of patients with inadequate posaconazole exposure and heterogeneity of factors influencing posaconazole levels.ConclusionTherapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole is an important tool of therapy optimization because oral posaconazole suspension shows unreliable absorption rates and exposure.
Synthetic fabrics coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles by electroless deposition: Structural characterization and wetting properties
Authors: Frunza Ligia , Preda Nicoleta , Matei Elena , Frunza Stefan , Ganea Constantin Paul , Vlaicu Aurel Mihai , Diamandescu Lucian , Dorogan Angela 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTElectroless deposition was successfully applied in developing crystalline particles of zinc oxide onto polyester textile materials; this deposition is here presented in comparison with other materials made from poly(lactic acid), polyamide or hemp. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of the raw and deposited samples has been performed. The structure of zinc oxide particles was that of wurtzite type as indicated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystallites were 20–500 nm in diameter and up to 1 µm in length. The grown particles cover the fibers not only on the fabric surface but in the textile depth. Contact angle measurement by the sessile drop method was used to study the wettability behavior of the investigated composite systems. The hierarchical roughness structure generates superhydrophobic properties onto polyester fabrics, for which water contact angles exceed 150°. The other functionalized samples also become more hydrophobic after deposition. Cassie‐Baxter model was found suitable to describe the behavior, though the fraction of surface occupied by the water–solid interface is high enough. The electroless deposition technique applied previously for cotton fabrics was once more proven to be highly reproducible, easy scalable, and cheap, allowing a wide range of applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1427–1437
Analysis and taxonomy of security/QoS tradeoff solutions for the future internet
Authors: Nieto Ana , Lopez Javier 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMotivated by the growing convergence of diverse types of networks and the rise of concepts such as future internet (FI), in this paper, we analyze the coexistence of security mechanisms and quality of service (QoS) mechanisms in resource‐constrained networks, that are relevant types of networks within the FI environment. More precisely, we analyze the current state of the research on security and QoS in the integration of wireless sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks and cellular networks. Furthermore, we propose a taxonomy to identify similarities among these technologies, as well as the requirements for network interconnection. As a result, we define a dependency‐based model for the analysis of security and QoS tradeoff, and also define a high‐level integration architecture for networks in the FI setting. The final goal is to provide a critical point of view that allows to assess whether such an integration of networks can be both secure and efficient. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimated impedance islanding detection method for grids with high motor penetration
Authors: Duc Tuyen Nguyen , Fujita Goro , Funabashi Toshihisa , Nomura Masakatsu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the dispersed generation (DG) field, islanding is known as a situation in which those generators are disconnected from the utility feeders and a bunch of local loads being powered by them is isolated. Accordingly, anti‐islanding schemes are used to immediately detect the phenomenon in facilitating the detachment of the DG or adaptively controlling the autonomous operation. Negative‐sequence impedance measurement is considered as a novel method of detecting electrical islands in DG networks. However, in the case of high induction motor penetration, this method might malfunction. Using two‐round impedance measurement, this paper deals with that problem while making typical assessments on how the impedance tolerance values are selected and how these values vary with network configuration. The simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC and experiments validate the methodology. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prognostic values of initial responses to low-dose 131I-MIBG therapy in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Taki Junichi , Inaki Anri , Nakamura Ayane , Kayano Daiki , Fukuoka Makoto , Matsuo Shinro , Nakajima Kenichi , Kinuya Seigo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Purpose
We retrospectively examined whether or not initial responses of first low-dose 131I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine radiotherapy (131I-MIBG therapy) in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma had prognostic values.

Materials and methods
This study included 26 patients with malignant pheochromocytoma (n = 18) and paraganglioma (n = 8) who underwent the first 131I-MIBG therapy between October 2001 and September 2007. Based on the initial subjective, hormonal, scintigraphic, and objective responses to 131I-MIBG therapy, the responses were divided into progression disease (PD) and non-PD. We examined the following factors for prognostic significance: sex, age, disease, initial diagnosis (benign or malignant pheochromocytoma), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, palpitations, symptoms related to bone metastases, and number of low-dose 131I-MIBG therapy. Univariate Cox proportional regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival. Overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method and the curves were compared using the log-rank test.

Results
The median survival time was 56 months. In the follow-up period, 16 patients died from exacerbation of their diseases. Univariate analysis showed that the hormonal PD [hazard ratio (HR) 3.20, P = 0.034, confidence interval (CI) 1.09–9.93], objective PD (HR 11.89, P = 0.0068, CI 2.14–65.85), single-time 131I-MIBG therapy (HR 3.22, P = 0.020, CI 1.21–8.79), hypertension (HR 2.93, P = 0.044, CI 1.02–10.50), and symptoms related to bone metastases (HR 3.54, P = 0.023, CI 1.18–13.04) were bad prognostic factors for overall survival. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the hormonal non-PD (P = 0.026), objective non-PD (P = 0.0002), multiple-time 131I-MIBG therapy (P = 0.013), and no symptom related to bone metastases (P = 0.024) were significantly associated with good prognosis. Overall survival rate was 70 and 50 % at 5 years from the initial diagnosis and from the first 131I-MIBG therapy, respectively.

Conclusion
The hormonal and objective responses to the first low-dose 131I-MIBG therapy as well as complication of hypertension and symptoms related to bone metastases may be prognostic factors in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.
Simple, sensitive and reliable in vivo assays to evaluate the estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors
Authors: Anukulthanakorn Kanya , Jareonporn Sukanya , Malaivijitnond Suchinda 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeWe compared three in vivo assays, determining changes of body weight, and uterotropic and vaginal cytology assays, for the evaluation of estrogenic activity of an estrogen disrupting compound, Pueraria mirifica (PM), in comparison with 17β‐estradiol (E).MethodsFemale rats were ovariectomized and gavaged with distilled water, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg BW/day of E and 100 and 1,000 mg/kg BW/day of PM for 14 days. Body weights were measured weekly, and vaginal epithelium cells were monitored daily. The uterus was dissected at the end of the treatment period, weighed and examined for histomorphometry.ResultsThere were a decrease in body weight and an increase in uterine weight, uterine, endometrium and myometrium areas, uterine gland numbers, and percent of cornified cell which were dependent on doses of E and PM treatments.ConclusionsOf the three assays proposed, although all are reliable and had critical read‐out, measurements of body and uterine weights is likely convenient and simple, but the uterotropic assay needs to kill the animals. Vaginal cytology assay appears most promising for sensitivity and shortening the duration of the assay. Compared to those of E, the estrogenic activity of PM at concentrations of 100 and 1,000 mg/kg BW was in the range of 14 to >20 mg/kg BW.
Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial genome maintenance in germ cells
Authors: Kasashima Katsumi , Nagao Yasumitsu , Endo Hitoshi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMitochondria play a crucial role in the development and function of germ cells. Mitochondria contain a maternally inherited genome that should be transmitted to offspring without reactive oxygen species‐induced damage during germ line development. Germ cells are also involved in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) bottleneck; thus, the appropriate regulation of mtDNA in these cells is very important for this characteristic transmission. In this review, we focused on unique regulation of the mitochondrial genome in animal germ cells; paternal elimination and the mtDNA bottleneck in females. We also summarized the mitochondrial nucleoid factors involved in various mtDNA regulation pathways. Among them, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which has pleiotropic and essential roles in mtDNA maintenance, appears to have putative roles in germ cell regulation.