bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Injection Optimization in a Brown Field: Karachaganak, Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Tarantini V. , Bigoni F. , Imagambetov K. , Tumbarello G. , Marino R. , Francesconi A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Karachaganak field, brought on stream in 1985, is one of the largest accumulations of gas-condensate in the world. Located in the northern Pre-Caspian Basin (Kazakhstan), the field is a Permo-Carboniferous isolated carbonate platform, with a hydrocarbon column of about 1500 m.
The current development focuses the oil rim with gas injection in a confined area of the Platform Interior implemented since 2004. Among the future development scenarios under consideration, an increase of gas injection in different areas of the field was evaluated with the scope of maximizing liquid recovery and keeping the production plateau. The internal reservoir architecture is indeed very complex: an initial development of aggrading mounds is followed by prograding clinoforms passing to cyclic, grain-dominated platform interior sediments. The resulting reservoir quality is quite heterogeneous, with low porosity, but locally high productivity when affected by micro-fractures and vugs. The analysis was performed considering both incremental volumes of injected gas and the uncertainties affecting the reservoir to obtain a ranking which takes into account additional liquid recoveries and relevant risks. Eventually, the analysis led to a proxy function which, through a mean-variance optimization approach, was used to estimate the most favourable gas injection configurations, reaching the best compromise between recovery and uncertainty.
In conclusion, the analysis highlighted pros and cons for each reservoir area, offering a better view to optimize the future development. The depositional region where the injection was already implemented appears to be a good candidate; other areas, although affected by a certain degree of uncertainty, are also promising from the recovery point of view, while some other regions, characterized by high compartmentalization, seem to be less interesting.
The Benefit of Integrated Asset Modeling and Optimization in Evaluating Production Strategies under various Oil and Gas Price Scenarios
Authors: Rahmawati S. D. , Hoda M. F. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The decrease in oil and gas prices results in a huge impact in the oil and gas company. This paper discusses the importance of integrated asset modeling and optimization of oil and gas fields under various oil and gas price scenarios. The integrated model is defined as simulation runs from the reservoir up to the surface process and continues with an economic evaluation.
Various field models under different production strategies are presented in the paper and evaluated based on the integrated asset model. The reservoir models are a gas condensate reservoir under gas cycling and an oil reservoir under water alternating gas (WAG) injection production strategies taken from SPE 3 and SPE 5 comparative projects. Derivative free optimization methods are used to find the best operating conditions for the field. The optimization objective is to maximize economic key performance indicators, such as net present value, and to minimize cost, such as gas injection cost. The decision variables are gas injection fraction, gas injection time, water injection rate and WAG time.
Using integrated system modeling, the operating parameters can be determined accurately considering reservoir and surface process capabilities. The optimization results showed that optimum gas injection time is longer during high oil prices compared to low oil prices for the gas condensate reservoir under gas injection. The oil and gas prices are fluctuating in a certain cycle over time, and the dynamic fluctuations are accommodated in the economic model. Many reasons are behind the dynamic fluctuations of oil and gas prices. The fluctuations will have an impact on company production strategies. The economic model will be simulated under very high, high, intermediate, low and very low price scenarios. For each scenario, the model will be run in the integrated modeling and reservoir only modeling. A scenario of varying the ratio of oil to gas price is also included in the analysis. Different oil and gas prices will lead to different management decisions during the field lifetime. A conservative production strategy, meaning when the field is simulated separately part-by-part, could mislead field production decisions. Based on the reservoir simulation, the liquid production might flow easily from the reservoir to the surface. However, based on the surface simulation, the well might be shut–down due to flow restriction on the surface.
This paper presents the important concept of the integrated model and optimization under dynamic oil and gas prices. The oil and gas prices have an influence in determining production parameters. The integrated model that is used in the paper is flexible and can be replaced with another reservoir model, surface process model, or economic models.
Keywords: Integrated asset model and optimization; various oil and gas price scenarios, production strategies.
Epidemiological and serological profiles of TORCH infection in pregnancy
Authors: Pradhan SV 
Published: November 2015

Background: Maternal infections caused by TORCH [Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV)] are the major causes of bad obstetric history. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TORCH infections in pregnancyMaterials and Methods:The study included 109 pregnant women with unfavorable previous pregnancy. Serological evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by IgM Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay method. Data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 whenever necessary.Results: The IgM/ IgG sero-positivity to T. gondii, Rubella, CMV and HSV-2 was 26.6/9.2 %, 9.2/78.9%, 17.4/58.7%, and 4.6/35.8 % respectively. There was an increased percentage of CMV infection. There was increased number of recent Toxoplasma infection in comparison to other studies conducted.Conclusion: A previous history of pregnancy wastage and the serological reaction for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases so as to reduce the adverse fetal outcome.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 705-708
Subchannel analysis of Al2O3 nanofluid as a coolant in VMHWR
Authors: Zarifi E. , Tashakor S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to predict the thermal hydraulic behavior of nanofluids as the coolant in the fuel assembly of variable moderation high performance light water reactor (VMHWR). VMHWR is the new version of high performance light water reactor (HPLWR) conceptual design. Light water reactors at supercritical pressure (VMHWR, HPLWR), being currently under design, are the new generation of nuclear reactors. Water-based nanofluids containing various volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles are analyzed. The conservation equations and conduction heat transfer equation for fuel and clad have been derived and discretized by the finite volume method. The transfer of mass, momentum and energy between adjacent subchannels are split into diversion crossflow and turbulent mixing components. The governed non linear algebraic equations are solved by using analytical iteration methods. Finally the nanofluid analysis results are compared with the pure water results.
Measuring U concentration in solution product of UF6 hydrolysis using a gamma ray densitometer
Authors: Peyvandi R. Gholipour , Hassanali F. , Rahmanzadeh S. , Islami Rad S. Z. , Ghannadi M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUO2F2 is an intermediate in conversion of UF6 to uranium oxide or metal form and is a direct product of the reaction of UF6 with moisture in the air. UF6 will be continually hydrolyzed in the presence of water vapor. The amount of UF6 and H2O can be controlled during the hydrolysis reaction, if the concentration of U in the solution product of the hydrolysis be determined. In this paper, we have designed a γ-ray densitometer with 137Cs as gamma source with a medium energy of 662 keV for measuring the U concentration. In this research we have also studied the effect of two different activities of 10 mCi and 30 mCi on the measurement errors, and according to the results we chose the activity of 30 mCi with a relative error of 1.7 %. Finally, in order to investigate the effect of the temperature of the solution on the calibration of the apparatus, we calibrated our γ-ray densitometer for two temperatures of 15 and 80 °C and it was found that the temperature modification can be attained by software correction.
GC/MS analysis, antimicrobial and <i>in vitro</i> anti-cholinesterase activities of the essential oil from <i>Buddleja asiatica</i>
Authors: Khan Farman Ali , Jan Abdul Khaliq , Khan Nasir Mehmood , Khan Nayab Ali , Khan Shahnaz 
Published: November 2015

<p><em>Buddleja asiatica</em> essential oil from the leaves by hydrodistillation was subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometery analysis which revealed the presence of 17 constituents out of which 14 were identified as: four monoterpenes hydrocarbons, four oxygenated monoterpenes, one hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes and five oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The major constituent being found was 1,8-cineole (38.1%) while β-sinensal, 1, 10-seco-1-hydroxy-calamenen-10-one and α-phellandrene were found to be in 11.8%, 10.2% and 5.8%, respectively. The essential oil exhibited 66% strong antibacterial activity against <em>Shigella boydii</em> while in fungicidal assay, it revealed an outstanding 79% inhibition against <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>. The essential oil showed outstanding acetylcholinesterase (IC<sub>50 </sub>5.2 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect (IC<sub>50</sub> 27.9 μM) as compared to standard drugs respectively.</p><p> </p>
Gouvernance d’entreprise en Belgique. La nouvelle donne
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan 
Published: November 2015

La gouvernance d’entreprise renvoie aux règles et aux pratiques concernant la manière d’organiser et de gérer les sociétés par actions. Alors que cette thématique est longtemps demeurée en marge des réflexions du droit français des sociétés et des marchés financiers, la survenance d’une série de scandales et de crises économiques à l’aube du XXIe siècle a amené à modifier cet état de fait. L’ouverture des marchés, l’accroissement de la financiarisation des entreprises et la mutation de l’actionnariat des sociétés cotées ont fait de la gouvernance des entreprises une norme universelle que le droit ne peut aujourd’hui plus ignorer. L’amélioration du dispositif réglementaire de
corporate governance est depuis quelques temps au coeur des préoccupations, non seulement de l’État français et de bien d’autres (États-Unis, …), mais encore des organisations internationales (ONU, OCDE, Union européenne). Or, le caractère international de la gouvernance d’entreprise impose que les discussions sur son devenir soient menées au travers d’une démarche comparative. Aussi est-il intéressant de porter un regard sur les choix législatifs opérés en Belgique par la loi du 6 avril 2010. Premièrement, certaines modifications au cadre réglementaire sont connues du juriste français et sont sources de questionnements identiques à ceux existant en France. Deuxièmement, un certain nombre d’options choisies par le gouvernement belge a un caractère original et est susceptible d’apporter des arguments aux débats animés qui ont lieu, à l’heure actuelle, en France.
Flowers of the early‐branching papilionoid legume Petaladenium urceoliferum display unique morphological and ontogenetic features
Authors: Prenner Gerhard , Cardoso Domingos , Zartman Charles E. , de Queiroz Luciano P. 
Published: November 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Floral development can help to shed light on puzzling features across flowering plants. The enigmatic Amazonian monospecific genus Petaladenium of the legume family (Leguminosae) had rarely been collected and only recently became available for ontogenetic studies. The fimbriate‐glandular wing petals of P. urceoliferum are unique among the more than 19000 legume species. Ontogenetic data illuminate the systematic position of the genus and foster our understanding on floral evolution during the early diversification of the papilionoid legumes.METHODS:Flower buds were collected in the field, fixed in 70% ethanol, and investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results were compared with existing material from early‐diverging papilionoid legumes.KEY RESULTS:Formation of sepals and petals shows bidirectional tendencies. Stamens arise in two whorls, and the single carpel arises concomitantly with the outer stamen whorl. Gland formation starts early on the edges of the wing petals. The carpel reopens for a short time when the initiation of ovules is visible. Stomata at the base of the hypanthium indicate that the flower functions like other standard flag blossoms.CONCLUSIONS:The floral ontogeny confirms the close affinity of P. urceoliferum with the florally heterogeneous, early‐diverging papilionoid Amburaneae clade. The results strengthen the theory of a distinct experimental phase among early‐branching papilionoid legumes during which a wider range of floral morphologies arose. Polysymmetry, monosymmetry, variable organ numbers, and a wide range of ontogenetic patterns laid the foundation for a successful canalization toward the more restricted but well‐adapted dorsiventral papilionoid flag blossom.
The Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS): Unifying Efforts to Inform Practice and Improve Global Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Perl Jeffrey , Davies Simon J. , Lambie Mark , Pisoni Ronald L. , McCullough Keith , Johnson David W. , Sloand James A. , Prichard Sarah , Kawanishi Hideki , Tentori Francesca , Robinson Bruce M. 
Published: November 2015

Background Extending technique survival on peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains a major challenge in optimizing outcomes for PD patients while increasing PD utilization. The primary objective of the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) is to identify modifiable practices associated with improvements in PD technique and patient survival. In collaboration with the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD), PDOPPS seeks to standardize PD-related data definitions and provide a forum for effective international collaborative clinical research in PD. Methods The PDOPPS is an international prospective cohort study in Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Each country is enrolling a random sample of incident and prevalent patients from national samples of 20 to 80 sites with at least 20 patients on PD. Enrolled patients will be followed over an initial 3-year study period. Demographic, comorbidity, and treatment-related variables, and patient-reported data, will be collected over the study course. The primary outcome will be all-cause PD technique failure or death; other outcomes will include cause-specific technique failure, hospitalizations, and patient-reported outcomes. Results A high proportion of the targeted number of study sites has been recruited to date in each country. Several ancillary studies have been funded with high momentum toward expansion to new countries and additional participation. Conclusion The PDOPPS is the first large, international study to follow PD patients longitudinally to capture clinical practice. With data collected, the study will serve as an invaluable resource and research platform for the international PD community, and provide a means to understand variation in PD practices and outcomes, to identify optimal practices, and to ultimately improve outcomes for PD patients.
Generation Z’s teachers and their digital skills
Authors: Fernández-Cruz Francisco-José , Fernández-Díaz María-José 
Published: November 2015

The presence of technological resources in schools and the high performance of socalled «Technology Generation» or «Generation Z» students are not enough to develop students' digital competence. The primary key is determined by the technological and pedagogical skills of teachers. In this paper, we intend to analyze the level of ICT skills of teachers in primary and secondary establishing a competency framework adapted to the Spanish educational environment, using as a basis the standards established by UNESCO in 2008 and reformulated in the year 2011. For this purpose, a questionnaire was done to show the profile of ICT teacher training faculty of the sample (80 schools and 1,433 teachers in the Community of Madrid) to study the characteristics of better trained for the development of teachers was conducted Digital jurisdiction under the Ministry of Education of Spain. The study results show a significant difference between optimal ICT skills and the low skills that teachers really have to develop learning activities with technological tools for their students. Teachers’ digital skills are very important in the development of learning processes to introduce technologies as tools in the service of education, and this study will allow us to make decisions in policy formation and throughout early career teachers.
La mera presencia de recursos tecnológicos en los centros y las altas capacidades de los alumnos de la «Generación Tecnológica» o «Generación Z», no son suficientes para desarrollar en los alumnos la competencia digital. La clave fundamental viene determinada por las competencias tecnológicas y pedagógicas de los docentes. En este trabajo, se pretende analizar el nivel de competencias en TIC de los profesores de Primaria y Secundaria estableciendo un marco competencial de referencia adaptado al ámbito educativo español, utilizando como base los estándares establecidos por la UNESCO en el año 2008 y reformulados en el año 2011. Para ello, se realizó un cuestionario que permitió establecer el perfil de formación docente en TIC del profesorado de la muestra (80 colegios y 1.433 profesores de la Comunidad de Madrid), para estudiar las características del profesorado mejor formado para el desarrollo de la competencia digital que establece el Ministerio de Educación de España. Los resultados muestran una alarmante diferencia entre las competencias que debieran tener los profesores para desarrollar la competencia digital en sus alumnos y la que verdaderamente tienen. Las competencias digitales del profesorado son muy relevantes en el desarrollo de procedimientos de aprendizaje que introduzcan las tecnologías como herramientas al servicio de la educación y este estudio nos permitirá tomar decisiones en política de formación inicial y a lo largo de la carrera profesional del profesorado.
Version contemporaine de l’object-presenting
Authors: Weyl Dimitri , Benhaïm Michèle 
Published: November 2015

La clinique quotidienne auprès des enfants et l’observation des relations actuelles parents/enfants nous ont amenés à tenter de cerner les enjeux contemporains relatifs à la toute-puissance de l’enfant en nous référant aux dimensions de la fonction maternelle que Winnicott découpe en « holding », « handling » et « object-presenting », mais en nous autorisant à en examiner les éléments séparément, c’est-à-dire en nous penchant exclusivement sur la troisième dimension, celle de la présentation de l’objet . Cette réflexion s’appuie sur le suivi d’un enfant et de ses deux parents en CMPP et se propose sous deux perspectives : celle d’une élaboration théorique du concept d’ object-presenting à l’épreuve des enjeux contemporains de la relation parents/enfants, et l’exploration d’une situation clinique atypique de cette logique actuelle. Les discours et idéologies dominants n’œuvrent pas ici primairement sur la subjectivité et la construction identitaire de cet enfant, car les parents n’en sont pas – ou peu – porteurs, mais secondairement, dans un effet de rencontre entre une problématique psychopathologique et ce que « le discours du capitalisme » promeut, notamment via l’usage massifiant des images, du rapport du sujet à l’objet du désir.
L'impossible à écrire et l'illisible
Authors: Gutermann-Jacquet Deborah 
Published: November 2015

Dans son Séminaire le Sinthome , Lacan, avec Joyce, en passe par la littérature et l'écrivain pour démontrer ce qui, dans le style d'une écriture peut toucher au réel. Comment la recherche stylistique permet-elle à l'écrivain de subvertir l'impossible à dire et à écrire ? L'époque produit une littérature spécifique, symptomatique même. De quoi est fait l'illisible qui fait basculer la littérature du côté de lituraterre ?
Modalisations a priori et a posteriori : le cas de would
Authors: Larreya Paul 
Published: November 2015

L’analyse présentée dans cet article est fondée sur une distinction entre modalité et modalisation – cette dernière étant définie comme l’utilisation qui est faite de la modalité selon ce que l’énonciateur et le destinataire savent (ou ne savent pas) concernant la valeur de vérité de la proposition modalisée. Les deux catégories principales de modalisation sont la modalisation a priori et la modalisation a posteriori ; la seconde peut être constative, appréciative ou contrefactuelle. L’article analyse deux emplois particuliers de would : (a) avec les verbes de jugement épistémique (think, guess, expect, imagine, seem, etc.), comme dans I’d think you’re right et (b) dans des contextes qui peuvent être appelés « conjecturels-factuels » (comme dans I can’t believe he would do this to me). L’argumentation vise à démontrer que, même si would peut paraître « dé-sémantisé » dans ces contextes, il garde un sens modal plein.
ESP corpus construction: a plea for a needs-driven approach
Authors: Nesi Hilary 
Published: November 2015

Cet article plaide en faveur de la compilation de petits corpus, rassemblés manuellement, riches en données contextuelles pour la recherche, l’enseignement et l’apprentissage en anglais de spécialité (ASP) et en anglais universitaire. Les grands corpus, comme le British National Corpus, des corpus plus récents tirés de la Toile et la Toile elle-même constituent des sources d’information essentielles sur le lexique et la grammaire de l’anglais général. Il est possible de recueillir sur la Toile des documents sur des sujets spécifiques, relevant de domaines précis et comportant des traits linguistiques associés à des genres spécifiques. Cependant, de nombreux textes intéressant les praticiens de l’ASP ou de l’anglais universitaire ne figurent pas dans les grands corpus ou bien sont sous-représentés, compilés sans prendre en compte les informations contextuelles dont les praticiens de l’ASP ou de l’anglais universitaire ont besoin pour comprendre les choix linguistiques des locuteurs et des rédacteurs. Cet article suggère qu’il convient de s’inspirer de l’analyse des besoins pour construire des corpus adaptés : à travers plusieurs exemples, il montre la façon dont des informations contextuelles peuvent être ajoutées aux corpus sous la forme d’annotations textuelles ou d’annexes.
Entre circulations individuelles et immobilité familiale : les élites napolitaines face au déclin
Authors: Pfirsch Thomas 
Published: November 2015

Les travaux sur les nouvelles mobilités des classes supérieures dans le contexte de la mondialisation se sont multipliés ces dernières années. Étudiant les circulations des cadres des firmes multinationales, certains ont formulé l’idée d’une distension des liens entre bourgeoisie et territoire national (Duclos, 2002), voire d’une émergence d’une nouvelle « élite transnationale » (Beaverstock, 2001). D’autres ont au contraire souligné les décalages entre discours et pratiques dans ce milieu des élites de la mondialisation, entre un « imaginaire globalitaire » relevant largement de la posture et des pratiques sociales et patrimoniales encore fortement enracinées localement (Wagner, 1998, 2003 ; Pierre, 2005).