bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome sequence of Anoxybacillus ayderensis AB04T isolated from the Ayder hot spring in Turkey
Authors: Belduz Ali Osman , Canakci Sabriye , Chan Kok-Gan , Kahar Ummirul Mukminin , Chan Chia Sing , Yaakop Amira Suriaty , Goh Kian Mau 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpecies of Anoxybacillus are thermophiles and, therefore, their enzymes are suitable for many biotechnological applications. Anoxybacillus ayderensis AB04T (= NCIMB 13972T = NCCB 100050T) was isolated from the Ayder hot spring in Rize, Turkey, and is one of the earliest described Anoxybacillus type strains. The present work reports the cellular features of A. ayderensis AB04T, together with a high-quality draft genome sequence and its annotation. The genome is 2,832,347 bp long (74 contigs) and contains 2,895 protein-coding sequences and 103 RNA genes including 14 rRNAs, 88 tRNAs, and 1 tmRNA. Based on the genome annotation of strain AB04T, we identified genes encoding various glycoside hydrolases that are important for carbohydrate-related industries, which we compared with those of other, sequenced Anoxybacillus spp. Insights into under-explored industrially applicable enzymes and the possible applications of strain AB04T were also described.
Spiritual care: which is the best assessment tool for palliative settings?
Authors: Blaber Michael , Jone June , Willis Derek 
Published: September 2015

Background: Although it is widely acknowledged that spiritual care is an important component of good palliative care, there remains a lack of confidence about it among healthcare providers. This paper analyses the benefits and drawbacks of using spiritual history-taking tools to address the problem, considering four of the most widely used tools—FICA, FAITH, SPIRITual and HOPE. Method: The authors conducted a literature review to establish the main themes identified as important to spirituality at the end of life. They then applied these findings to the spiritual history-taking tools to determine the extent to which they may be of assistance in identifying the spiritual needs of patients receiving palliative care. Conclusion: The authors conclude that spiritual history-taking tools do have an important role in identifying the spiritual needs of patients at the end of life, with the ‘HOPE’ tool most comprehensively addressing the spirituality themes identified as important within the healthcare literature.
Exploring Māori cancer patients', their families', community and hospice views of hospice care
Authors: Slater Tania , Matheson Anna , Ellison-Loschmann Lis , Davies Cheryl , Earp Ria , Gellatly Kate , Holdaway Maureen 
Published: September 2015

Background: Despite poor cancer survival statistics, Māori do not readily access hospice services. This study aims to explore how hospice services respond to Māori by investigating the different influences and interactions between three perspectives of hospice care. Method: The authors conducted a Māori-centred, cross-sectional qualitative study by undertaking semi-structured interviews with hospice patients and whānau (families) (n=8), hospice representatives (n=4), and representatives from three Māori health provider organisations (n=5). Conclusions: The study found that negative perceptions of hospice are being changed by hospices' relationships with other organisations and positive stories from whānau. Involvement from whānau, continuity of care and after-hours care with a greater Māori workforce and a further emphasis on culturally safe care are critical for this work to gain momentum. Findings can be of use to further develop quality of care indicators that reflect the perspectives of patients and whānau, and those who provide their care.
Experiences of hospice inpatient nurses in supporting children before the death of a parent
Authors: Clipsham Laura , Islam Zoebia , Faull Christina 
Published: September 2015

Background: The need for pre-bereavement support for children facing the death of a parent is well recognised but how this is done by hospice ward nurses in practice is not well known. Method: To explore the experiences of hospice ward nurses' identification of the support needs of children under 18 years old facing the death of a parent, and the impact on hospice nurses when involved in providing this support. Design: Semi-structured individual interviews with hospice nurses working on a single UK inpatient unit were audio-taped and analysed using thematic analysis to produce themes and subthemes. Results: Nurses were highly reflective, discussing their personal experiences, and identified potential enablers and barriers to providing support. Child and family factors were identified as influencing identification of support needs. Conclusion: Multiple factors influencing provision of support emerged. Formal training and readily available resources would support hospice nurses working with children.
Biomarkers in Pharmaceutical Research
Authors: Zhao Xuemei , Modur Vijay , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N , Laterza Omar F 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Biomarkers are important tools in drug development and are used throughout pharmaceutical research.

CONTENT
This review focuses on molecular biomarkers in drug development. It contains sections on how biomarkers are used to assess target engagement, pharmacodynamics, safety, and proof-of-concept. It also covers the use of biomarkers as surrogate end points and patient selection/companion diagnostics and provides insights into clinical biomarker discovery and biomarker development/validation with regulatory implications. To survey biomarkers used in drug development—acknowledging that many pharmaceutical development biomarkers are not published—we performed a focused PubMed search employing “biomarker” and the names of the largest pharmaceutical companies as keywords and filtering on clinical trials and publications in the last 10 years. This yielded almost 500 entries, the majority of which included disease-related (approximately 60%) or prognostic/predictive (approximately 20%) biomarkers. A notable portion (approximately 8%) included HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) testing, highlighting the utility of biomarkers for patient selection. The remaining publications included target engagement, safety, and drug metabolism biomarkers. Oncology, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis were the areas with the most citations, followed by diabetes and Alzheimer disease.

SUMMARY
Judicious biomarker use can improve pharmaceutical development efficiency by helping to select patients most appropriate for treatment using a given mechanism, optimize dose selection, and provide earlier confidence in accelerating or discontinuing compounds in clinical development. Optimal application of biomarker technology requires understanding of candidate drug pharmacology, detailed modeling of biomarker readouts relative to pharmacokinetics, rigorous validation and qualification of biomarker assays, and creative application of these elements to drug development problems.
The covert mechanisms of education policy discourse: Unmasking policy insiders’ discourses and discursive strategies in upholding or challenging racism and classism in education
Authors: Bertrand Melanie , Perez Wendy Y. , Rogers John 
Published: September 2015

Policy insiders across party lines increasingly acknowledge educational “gaps,” yet they talk about this inequity in very different ways. Though some critique disparities through a structural lens, others use deficit discourse, blaming families of color and working-class families for educational outcomes. This study examines how state policy insiders explain educational inequity, shedding light on the complex relationship between language and the maintenance of systemic racism and classism in education. Drawing upon a unique data set of interviews with 50 policy insiders in one state in the United States, we found three main discourses used to explain inequity in education, each of which cited a different cause: 1) structural inequity, 2) perceived deficits of families and communities, and 3) teachers unions and teacher seniority. Policy insiders used often-veiled discursive strategies to advance their discourses. For instance, those that used deficit discourse: 1) asserted that those most negatively impacted by inequity cause inequity; 2) strengthened deficit discourse by blending it with one or both of the other two discourses; and 3) made inequity appear natural through the use of several substrategies, including obscuring the identity of those harmed by inequity. These strategies allowed some policy insiders to strengthen deficit discourse, divert attention from structural issues, and characterize themselves positively while advancing racist and classist ideas. These findings have compelling implications in terms of possibilities for policy changes supportive of educational equity.
The Impact of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia on Sleep in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jennum Poul , Stender-Petersen Kirstine , Rabøl Rasmus , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Chu Pei-Ling , Madsbad Sten 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this trial was to investigate the impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on sleep patterns (assessed by polysomnography) and counterregulatory hormones.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this single-blinded, crossover trial, 26 subjects with type 2 diabetes attended two experimental night visits (one normoglycemic and one hypoglycemic) in randomized order. Plasma glucose (PG) levels were controlled by hyperinsulinemic glucose clamping. On the hypoglycemic night, hypoglycemia was induced after reaching sleep stage N2 by turning off glucose infusion until the PG target of 2.7−2.8 mmol/L was reached and maintained for 15 min. Thereafter, subjects were brought back to normoglycemia for the rest of the night. On the normoglycemic night, PG was maintained at 5.0−7.0 mmol/L throughout the night.

RESULTS
During the first 4 h of sleep (0−4 h; after reaching sleep stage N2), no difference between experimental nights was observed in the rate of electroencephalography-identified arousals or awakenings, but the rate of awakenings was 27% lower during 4−8 h and 20% lower during 0−8 h on the hypoglycemic night than on the normoglycemic night (both statistically significant). Total sleep time tended to be longer on the hypoglycemic night (observed means 366 vs. 349 min, P nonsignificant). Statistically significantly higher counterregulatory hormonal responses (adrenaline, growth hormone, and cortisol) to hypoglycemia were observed compared with normoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes caused a decrease in awakening response in the 4–8-h period following the event. These findings underscore the risks associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia because nocturnal hypoglycemia potentially affects the patient’s ability to wake up and respond with an adequate intake of carbohydrates.
RNA: DNA Ratio and Growth Performance of Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Fed Varied Proportion of Protein Diet during Intensive Aquaculture
Authors: Labh Shyam Narayan 
Published: September 2015

An experiment was conducted at Corona of Agriculture (COA)”, Gunjanagar-3, Chitwan, Nepal to complete a project granted by University Grant Commission (UGC), Second Higher Education Project (SHEP) in 2013. Four (average 380 m2) ponds (W, X, Y and Z) with four different diets as D1 (20%), D2 (30%), D3 (40%) and D4 (50%) protein contents were used to conduct the experiment properly to determine the varied proportion of dietary protein on the growth performance of major carp rohu Labeo Rohita (H) in relation with RNA: DNA ratio. After 12th weeks of culture, average length, average weight and specific growth rate of fish were found significantly (P<0.05) higher in the carp with D3 and D4 diet fed fish. Similar results were observed in average total protein, albumin and globulin contents. RNA content increased rapidly with age. The average RNA content increased highest in D2 and D3 diet fed fish while, DNA content were highest in D3 diet fed fish. RNA: DNA ratio was recorded highest in D2 and D3 diet fed fish. RNA: DNA ratio, an indicator of protein synthesis and have been used to accurately estimate the growth rate and feeding condition of fish hence, as the dose of protein increased RNA and DNA contents also increased with age of carp cultured during experiment. Thus, it was clear from this study that the incorporation of protein in diet enhances the growth of fish regardless of species weight groups and the doses, as the average weight of fish was significantly lower in control diet fed fish as compared to the treated one.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment in Male Teachers at Elementary Schools in Quchan in Academic Year of 2013-2014
Authors: Pur Farkhani Morteza Rajab , Saremi Hamid 
Published: September 2015

This study aims at investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment in male teachers of elementary schools in Quchan in the 2013-2014 school years. This is an applied research. Since the researcher sought to study the relationship between the two components, this is correlation research. Considering the variables studied, statistical population was all male teachers in grades three and four at primary school in Quchan in the 2013-2014 school years. Total number of teachers obtained from Quchan Department of Education was 98 and due to the small size of study population, sampling wasn't performed and the sample was considered equal to the population. Data collection tools were Meyer and Allen's organizational commitment questionnaire and Siberia Schering's emotional intelligence questionnaire. Having completed the questionnaires, the researcher used mean central statistical indicators and standard deviation dispersion measures and variance for data analysis in descriptive statistics level and in inferential statistics level, they used multivariate linear regression statistic method.The results showed that there was a significant correlation between total emotional intelligence and total organizational commitment. There was also a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and its components and affective organizational commitment; however, there was not a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and continuance and normative commitments.The findings indicated that emotional intelligence has been effective in maintaining and improving organizational commitment and it is necessary to consider it to ensure organizational commitment of teachers, especially at primary school.
Education in Azerbaijan: New Stage of Literary Social Thought
Authors: Maharramov Ziyaddin 
Published: September 2015

In the XIX century in all Caucasus Azerbaijanians most densely lived in the Western Azerbaijan. The originality material and moral riches, folklore literature, art, a mass school network, monuments of art, architecture differed. At the same time, the Azerbaijanians living in the Western Azerbaijan were an example of preservation and enrichment of our literary language, our religion, our customs and traditions, not marriages with other nationality. In the XIX century in Azerbaijan, in its Western part, school business and education developed. With opening here for people education in row settlements of the country of schools, along with national language, Russian studying didn't remain unaddressed also.In article educational activity such Azerbaijani and intellectuals as, JalilMamedkulizade, Firudin bey Kocharli, etc. is investigated.
Security Challenges in Central Asia
Authors: Burnashev Rustam 
Published: September 2015

Du point de vue de l’analyse structurale basée sur la théorie du complexe de sécurité régionale, l’article analyse la question de savoir comment quelque chose devient une question de sécurité en Asie centrale. L’Asie centrale est considérée comme une formation régionale non structurée, ou « quasi-complexe de sécurité », dans laquelle les préoccupations de sécurité traditionnelles, telles que les rivalités inter-étatiques et le dilemme de sécurité, ne sont que partiellement applicables. Une telle situation donne lieu à des problèmes de sécurité liés à un manque de coordination entre les pays d’Asie centrale. Dans le même temps, les principales menaces et défis dans les pays d’Asie centrale sont essentiellement de nature interne, et sont la conséquence directe d’un État faible. Aux niveaux inter-régional et mondial, les défis de sécurité sont déterminés par le caractère périphérique de l’Asie centrale et par la transformation de la perception du droit international.
One Size Fits None: Is there a Regional Approach to Central Asia?
Authors: Plottka Julian 
Published: September 2015

L’article examine la question de savoir si la politique de l’UE à l’égard de l’Asie centrale devrait suivre une approche régionale ou bilatérale. D’abord, il fait le point sur les politiques de l’UE dans la région et analyse les politiques pour lesquelles les approches régionales et bilatérales ont été appliquées. Sur la base de l’analyse des autres contributions à ce numéro spécial et de l’analyse de l’auteur, l’article se penche sur six priorités (promotion de la démocratie, jeunesse et éducation, économie, énergie et transports, eau et environnement, sécurité), et examine les défis principaux dans ces domaines. Il conclut avec une proposition afin de mieux les aborder sur trois plans : avec une approche bilatérale, une approche régionale ou une approche régionale plus large, incluant d’autres acteurs internationaux actifs dans la région.
Les avatars du libéralisme culturel
Authors: Chanel Armand 
Published: September 2015

Cet article 1 est d’abord un travail de vulgarisation. Il tente de porter à la connaissance du plus grand nombre l’état actuel des recherches sur le concept de libéralisme culturel apparu dans les années 1980, en particulier sur l’une de ses trois dimensions, le libéralisme des mœurs. Il essaie à ce titre de respecter le plus possible les nombreux travaux de recherches mobilisés sur cette thématique, en tentant cependant d’en faire une synthèse pédagogique.
La conservation des images en mouvement
Authors: Cherchi Usai Paolo 
Published: September 2015

La conservation des images en mouvement s’est développée dans un certain isolement par rapport aux autres disciplines liées à la conservation du patrimoine culturel. Ce phénomène est principalement dû à la courte histoire du médium et au fait que la conservation des films n’est devenue un objet d’étude scientifique qu’au cours des dernières décennies. Il y a cependant d’autres raisons qui vont de la perception populaire du cinéma et de la vidéo comme expression de l’industrie du divertissement, à la croyance que les supports des images animées appartiennent à un « art de la reproduction » et ne possèdent pas le caractère d’unicité justifiant la conservation accordée aux autres artefacts. La transition des films photographiques analogiques aux médias numériques a à la fois exacerbée et contredit cette appréhension : alors que les images numériques en mouvement peuvent apparemment être reproduites indéfiniment, les éléments physiques produits avant l’ère du numérique sont en train d’acquérir le statut d’objets uniques qui leur était précédemment refusé. Cet article fait la proposition d’’inclure la conservation des films dans le contexte global de la préservation du patrimoine culturel par le biais d’une collaboration renforcée entre les conservateurs des images en mouvement et les spécialistes des autres domaines.
La guillotine et le pressoir
Authors: Szczepanska Ania 
Published: September 2015

« Je voudrais tout simplement que nous en discutions de manière plus personnelle, je ne pose pas ces questions en tenant le rôle de la guillotine administrative ! » Ces paroles sont extraites d’un rapport de la commission de validation des films, étape obligée avant l’obtention du visa d’exploitation en Pologne populaire. Grâce à ces retranscriptions, conservées à la Filmothèque de Varsovie, nous avons accès à une vitrine semi-officielle de la politique cinématographique du Parti, à destination des professionnels du cinéma. Ces archives témoignent également de l’atmosphère particulière qui régnait de ces débats parfois enflammés, animés autant par les professionnels du cinéma, membres des commissions, que par les représentants des institutions cinématographiques. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser les causes des discordes entre les membres des commissions, mais également la rhétorique particulière dans laquelle se drapait la censure des films.
De la Terre à la Lune
Authors: Albera François , Forestier Laurent Le , Turquety Benoît 
Published: September 2015

La récente restauration du Voyage dans la Lune de Georges Méliès (1902) a suscité une série de discussions, commentaires et controverses dans le milieu des archives cinématographiques, des chercheurs en histoire du cinéma et plus largement dans le public. À partir de ce cas particulier, des questions plus générales se posent autour du statut de tels films à la fois comme biens culturels et comme objets physiques appartenant au patrimoine. Un texte de deux spécialistes de Méliès, de l’archive détentrice de la copie-source, conduisent à poser d’autres questions en amont : le Voyage dans la Lune a-t-il fait l’objet d’une « invention » comme chef-d’œuvre majeur de son auteur, Méliès et quand ? On doit remonter pour cela au gala Méliès de 1929, à la correspondance de Méliès au sujet de ce film en 1937, et s’interroger sur les philosophies de la conservation qui ont prévalu entre temps (propos d’Henri Langlois de 1962).
Existe-t-il une approche sémiologique de l’esthétique ?
Authors: Lefebvre Martin , Metz Christian 
Published: September 2015

Le 3 mai 1971, le sémiologue Christian Metz prononce une conférence au CRDP de Bordeaux lors d’un stage ICAV. C’est l’une de ses rares interventions à prendre directement pour objet des problèmes esthétiques envisagés ici au travers des relations entre sémiologie et esthétique. L’une et l’autre se fondent sur des projets totalement contradictoires qui rendent difficile, voire presque impossible, leur arrimage : la sémiologie est une science qui porte sur des objets (textes et codes) et vise l’universalité et l’objectivité ; l’esthétique ne concerne que le sujet du jugement de valeur et ne peut donc être une science. Elle vise à imposer des normes de goût. Or « former un goût, c’est mutiler le goût ». La sémiologie est d’autant plus étrangère à cette entreprise que sa propre visée est de « démonter » les codes du fait même qu’elle les étudie. Le texte manuscrit préparatoire à cette conférence, retrouvé dans les archives de Metz, est publié ici pour la première fois.
Une approche langagière et interactionnelle de l’argumentation
Authors: Doury Marianne , Plantin Christian 
Published: September 2015

Cette contribution repose sur une étude de cas portant sur des soirées électorales télévisées (élection présidentielle française, 2012 ; élections européennes de 2014, en France). Nous observons notamment comment les « faits bruts » (données chiffrées officielles et non contestées) sont orientés discursivement vers une conclusion évaluative spécifique (« c’est un bon score » / « c’est un mauvais score »). En nous adossant à cette analyse, nous explicitons ensuite les options théoriques et méthodologiques qui ont assuré notre démarche, que nous caractérisons comme une approche compréhensive de l’argumentation. Elle est fondée notamment sur la notion de question argumentative déterminant la structure des données qu’il s’agit de représenter (modéliser) et la restitution de l’évaluation aux participants.