bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions of [60]Fullerene with Halides and Amino Acids to Synthesize Fulleropyrrolidines
Authors: Jin Bo , Shen Juan , Peng Rufang , Chen Congdi , Chu Shijin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe reactions of [60]fullerene with benzyl chlorides and amino acids in chlorobenzene (PhCl) were investigated. Fulleropyrrolidines bearing ArCH moieties originating from the corresponding benzyl chlorides through C–Cl bond cleavage were obtained from these reactions. Use of PhCl/DMSO instead of PhCl as the solvent significantly improved the reaction efficiency. A detailed investigation of these reactions resulted in the discovery of other halides – such as allyl chloride, methallyl chloride, cinnamyl chloride, propargyl bromide, ethyl bromoacetate, bromoacetonitrile, bromomethane, bromopropane and bromobutane – that could also react with [60]fullerene and amino acids to produce fulleropyrrolidines. This reaction could be an alternative to the Prato reaction for synthesizing fulleropyrrolidines when aldehydes are expensive or unavailable from commercial sources. A plausible reaction mechanism for product formation involving C–X bond cleavage in the halide to form the aldehyde is proposed.
Functional anatomy and kinematics of the oral jaw system during terrestrial feeding in Periophthalmus barbarus
Authors: Michel Krijn B. , Adriaens Dominique , Aerts Peter , Dierick Manuel , Wassenbergh Sam Van 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTCover illustration. Skeletal body plan of the Atlantic mudskipper (Periophthalmus barbarus) from a lateral view. The mudskipper uses its fish feeding apparatus to successfully feed in the terrestrial environment. Each color represents a unit of fused or otherwise firmly interconnected ossified structures. Presented from a micro CT‐scan using Amira (FEI Visualization Sciences Group). See Michel et al. (pp. 1145–116010.1002/jmor.20291) for further details.
Reliability and validity testing of automated scoring in obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis with the Embletta X100
Authors: Park Do Y. , Kim Hyun J. , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Kim Yoo S. , Choi Ji H. , Hong Sang Y. , Jung Jin J. , Lee Kang I. , Lee Han S. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo verify the reliability and validity of automated scoring and compare it to that of manual scoring for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea using an Embletta X100 level 2 portable device.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsA total of 116 patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea who had successfully received portable polysomnography with the Embletta X100 were examined. All polysomnography data were analyzed by automated and manual methods. Manual scoring was performed according to the revised American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2012 criteria. Automated scoring was analyzed using the automatic algorithm, which was updated with the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2012 criteria. All parameters were evaluated statistically using correlation analysis and paired t tests.ResultsThe apnea‐hypopnea index for automated scoring and manual scoring with the Embletta X100 were moderately correlated (r = 0.76, P < .001). However, there was poor agreement (Bland‐Altman plot, κ = 0.34, 0.33, and 0.26; cutoff value = 5, 15, and 30), and the apnea‐hypopnea index data were generally excessively underestimated based on diagnostic agreement and disagreement criteria. Furthermore, the apnea‐hypopnea index severity (Kendall tau‐b = 0.62) between automated and manual scoring lacked good concordance.ConclusionsAutomated scoring using the Embletta X100 was statistically moderately related to the manual scoring results. However, automated scoring tended to excessively underestimate the apnea‐hypopnea index data compared to manual scoring. Thus, manual scoring by a sleep expert is essential for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis with the Embletta X100.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:493–497, 2015
Relationship between patient‐perceived vocal handicap and clinician‐rated level of vocal dysfunction
Authors: Childs Lesley F. , Bielinski Clifford , Toles Laura , Hamilton Amy , Deane Janis , Mau Ted 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe relationship between patient‐reported vocal handicap and clinician‐rated measures of vocal dysfunction is not understood. This study aimed to determine if a correlation exists between the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) and the Voice Functional Communication Measure rating in the National Outcomes Measurement System (NOMS).Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsFour hundred and nine voice evaluations over 12 months at a tertiary voice center were reviewed. The VHI‐10 and NOMS scores, diagnoses, and potential comorbid factors were collected and analyzed.ResultsFor the study population as a whole, there was a moderate negative correlation between the NOMS rating and the VHI‐10 (Pearson r = −0.57). However, for a given NOMS level, there could be considerable spread in the VHI‐10. In addition, as the NOMS decreased stepwise below level 4, there was a corresponding increase in the VHI‐10. However, a similar trend in VHI‐10 was not observed for NOMS above level 4, indicating the NOMS versus VHI‐10 correlation was not linear. Among diagnostic groups, the strongest correlation was found for subjects with functional dysphonia. The NOMS versus VHI‐10 correlation was not affected by gender or the coexistence of a psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionsA simple relationship between VHI‐10 and NOMS rating does not exist. Patients with mild vocal dysfunction have a less direct relationship between their NOMS ratings and the VHI‐10. These findings provide insight into the interpretation of patient‐perceived and clinician‐rated measures of vocal function and may allow for better management of expectations and patient counseling in the treatment of voice disorders.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:180–185, 2015
Atraumatic intubation: Experience using a 5.0 endotracheal tube without a Stylet for laryngeal surgery
Authors: Moore Jaime E. , Hu Amanda , Rutt Amy , Green Parmis , Hawkshaw Mary , Sataloff Robert T. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold injury is a well‐know complication of intubation, with rates reported as high as 69%. Laryngology textbooks recommend the use of a small endotracheal tube (ETT) to help avoid these complications and optimize visualization. Case reports have suggested that the rigid stylet can lead to laryngeal injury. Given the additional risks, intubation without the stylet is our preferred practice. There is limited documentation in the literature regarding this viewpoint. Our study investigated the feasibility of and potential barriers to intubation using 5.0 ETT without a stylet.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsConsecutive adult patients undergoing laryngeal surgery were recruited for intubation with a 5.0 ETT without a stylet. Demographic data, specialty and training level of the intubator, and factors that would predict a difficult intubation were recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.ResultsFindings of the participants (n = 67) included average American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification (2.2), average Mallampati score (1.7), average Cormack‐Lehane grade (1.5), and average body mass index (28.0). Five patients (7.4%) required intubation using a stylet, and one of these five participants was intubated initially with a stylet. Of these five participants, 80% required use of a GlideScope (P < .001), and they had significantly higher ASA classification (P = .047) and number of intubation attempts (P = .042). One patient sustained an oropharyngeal injury during intubation with a stylet. No participants had laryngeal injury.ConclusionsMost patients can be intubated successfully using a 5.0 ETT without a stylet. There were no cases of laryngeal trauma with this technique.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:396–399, 2015
A two stage approach for channel transmission rate aware scheduling in directional mmWave WPANs
Authors: Niu Yong , Li Yong , Jin Depeng , Su Li , Wu Dapeng (Oliver) 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMillimeter wave (mmWave) communications in 60 GHz band have become a hot topic in wireless communications. New medium access control (MAC) protocols are needed because of the fundamental differences between mmWave communications and existing other communication systems. In mmWave wireless personal area networks, the channel transmission rates of links vary significantly because of the difference in the distance between nodes, the accuracy of beamforming, and the existence of obstructions. Owning to the directivity of mmWave links, spatial reuse should be exploited to improve network capacity. In this paper, we develop a channel transmission rate aware directional MAC protocol, termed RDMAC, in which both the multirate capability of links and spatial reuse are exploited to improve network performance. RDMAC has two stages. The first stage measures the channel transmission rates of links, and a heuristic algorithm is proposed to compute near‐optimal measurement schedules with respect to the total number of measurements. The second stage accommodates the traffic demand of links, and a heuristic transmission scheduling algorithm is proposed to compute near‐optimal transmission schedules with respect to the total transmission time. Simulations under various traffic modes show that compared with existing protocols, RDMAC has lower network latency, higher network throughput, and also a good fairness performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural transformations for data-enriched real-time systems
Authors: Olderog Ernst-Rüdiger , Swaminathan Mani 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

We investigate design-level
structural transformations
that aim at easier subsequent verification of real-time systems with shared data variables, modelled as networks of
extended timed automata
(ETA). Our contributions to this end are the following: (1) we first equip ETA with an operator for
layered composition
, intermediate between parallel and sequential composition. Under certain
non-interference
and/or
precedence
conditions imposed on the structure of the ETA networks, the
communication closed layer
(CCL) laws and associated partial-order (po-) and (layered) reachability equivalences are shown to hold. (2) Next, we investigate (under certain cycle conditions on the ETA) the (reachability preserving) transformations of
separation
and
flattening
aimed at reducing the number of cycles of the ETA. (3) We then show that our separation and flattening in (2) may be applied together with the CCL laws in (1), in order to restructure ETA networks such that the verification of
layered reachability
properties is rendered easier. This interplay of the three structural transformations (separation, flattening, and layering) is demonstrated on an enhanced version of Fischer’s
real-time mutual exclusion
protocol for access to multiple critical sections.
Flow structure on a rotating wing: effect of radius of gyration
Authors: Wolfinger M. , Rockwell D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe flow structure on a rotating wing (flat plate) is characterized over a range of Rossby number$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Ro} = r_g/C$, in which$r_g$and$C$are the radius of gyration and chord of the wing, as well as travel distance$\mathit{Ro} = r_g \Phi /C$, where$\Phi $is the angle of rotation. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) is employed to determine the flow patterns on defined planes, and by means of reconstruction, throughout entire volumes. Images of the$Q$-criterion and spanwise vorticity, velocity and vorticity flux are employed to represent the flow structure. At low Rossby number, the leading-edge, tip and root vortices are highly coherent with large dimensionless values of$Q$in the interior regions of all vortices and large downwash between these components of the vortex system. For increasing Rossby number, however, the vortex system rapidly degrades, accompanied by loss of large$Q$within its interior and downstream displacement of the region of large downwash. These trends are accompanied by increased deflection of the leading-edge vorticity layer away from the surface of the wing, and decreased spanwise velocity and vorticity flux in the trailing region of the wing, which are associated with the degree of deflection of the tip vortex across the wake region. Combinations of large Rossby number$\mathit{Ro} =r_g/C$and travel distance$r_g \Phi /C$lead to separated flow patterns similar to those observed on rectilinear translating wings at high angle of attack$\alpha $. In the extreme case where the wing travels a distance corresponding to a number of revolutions, the highly coherent flow structure is generally preserved if the Rossby number is small; it degrades substantially, however, at larger Rossby number.
Drawing of micro-structured fibres: circular and non-circular tubes
Authors: Stokes Yvonne M. , Buchak Peter , Crowdy Darren G. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA general mathematical framework is presented for modelling the pulling of optical glass fibres in a draw tower. The only modelling assumption is that the fibres are slender; cross-sections along the fibre can have general shape, including the possibility of multiple holes or channels. A key result is to demonstrate how a so-called reduced time variable $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\tau $ serves as a natural parameter in describing how an axial-stretching problem interacts with the evolution of a general surface-tension-driven transverse flow via a single important function of $\tau $, herein denoted by $H(\tau )$, derived from the total rescaled cross-plane perimeter. For any given preform geometry, this function $H(\tau )$ may be used to calculate the tension required to produce a given fibre geometry, assuming only that the surface tension is known. Of principal practical interest in applications is the ‘inverse problem’ of determining the initial cross-sectional geometry, and experimental draw parameters, necessary to draw a desired final cross-section. Two case studies involving annular tubes are presented in detail: one involves a cross-section comprising an annular concatenation of sintering near-circular discs, the cross-section of the other is a concentric annulus. These two examples allow us to exemplify and explore two features of the general inverse problem. One is the question of the uniqueness of solutions for a given set of experimental parameters, the other concerns the inherent ill-posedness of the inverse problem. Based on these examples we also give an experimental validation of the general model and discuss some experimental matters, such as buckling and stability. The ramifications for modelling the drawing of fibres with more complicated geometries, and multiple channels, are discussed.
Presence of a plant-like proton-translocating pyrophosphatase in a scuticociliate parasite and its role as a possible drug target
Authors: MALLO NATALIA , LAMAS JESÚS , PIAZZON CARLA , LEIRO JOSÉ M. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) are primary electrogenic H+pumps that derive energy from the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). They are widely distributed among most land plants and have also been found in several species of protozoan parasites. Here we describe, for the first time, the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a gene encoding an H+-pyrophosphatase in the protozoan scuticociliate parasitePhilasterides dicentrarchi, which infects turbot. The predictedP. dicentrarchiPPase (PdPPase) consists of 587 amino acids of molecular mass 61·7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5·0. Several motifs characteristic of plant vacuolar H+-PPases (V–H+-PPases) were also found in the PdPPase, which contains all the sequence motifs of the prototypical type I V–H+-PPase fromArabidopsis thalianavacuolar pyrophosphatase type I (AVP1) plant. The PdPPase has a characteristic residue that determines strict K+-dependence, but unlike AVP1, PdPPase contains an N-terminal signal peptide (SP) sequence. Antibodies generated by vaccination of mice with a genetic or recombinant protein containing a partial sequence of the PdPPase and a common motif with the polyclonal antibody PABHKspecific to AVP1 recognized a single band of about 62 kDa in western blots. These antibodies specifically stained both vacuole and the alveolar membranes of trophozoites ofP. dicentrarchi. H+transport was partially inhibited by the bisphosphonate pamidronate (PAM) and completely inhibited by NaF. The bisphosphonate PAM inhibited both H+-translocation and gene expression. PdPPase and PAM also inhibitedin vitrogrowth of the ciliates. The apparent lack of V–H+-PPases in vertebrates and the parasite sensitivity to PPI analogues may provide a molecular target for developing new drugs to control scuticociliatosis.
Adjuvant Gemcitabine and Gemcitabine-based Chemoradiotherapy Versus Gemcitabine Alone After Pancreatic Cancer Resection
Authors: Khawaja Muhammad R. , Kleyman Svetlana , Yu Zhangsheng , Howard Thomas , Burns Matthew , Nakeeb Attila , Loehrer Patrick J. , Cardenes Higinia R. , Chiorean Elena Gabriela 
Published: August 2014

Objectives:
Adjuvant therapy after surgical resection is the current standard for pancreatic adenocarcinoma; however, the role of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains unclear. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy outcomes with adjuvant gemcitabine and gemcitabine-based CRT (CT-CRT) versus gemcitabine chemotherapy (CT) alone after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods:
Among 165 patients who underwent surgical resection for pancreatic cancer at Indiana University Medical Center between 2004 and 2008, we retrospectively identified 53 consecutive patients who received adjuvant therapy (CT-CRT=34 patients; CT=19 patients) and had adequate follow-up medical records. The median follow-up was 19.1 months. Median disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using Kaplan-Meier method, and a Cox-regression model was used to compare survival outcomes after adjusting for age, status of resection margins, and lymph node involvement.

Results:
The OS for the CT-CRT group was significantly higher compared with the CT group (median, 20.4 vs. 16.6 mo; hazard ratio, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.17-5.01). The median DFS for the CT-CRT group was 13.7 versus 11.1 months for the CT group (hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.37-6.06). On subgroup analyses, significantly superior OS and DFS were observed among patients younger than 65 years, T3/T4 tumor stage, negative resection margins, and positive lymph node involvement.

Conclusion:
Gemcitabine plus gemcitabine-based CRT compared with gemcitabine alone leads to superior DFS and OS for patients with resected pancreatic cancer.
The Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Rice Technology on Phenotypic Diversity and Population Structure of United States Weedy Rice
Authors: Burgos Nilda Roma , Singh Vijay , Tseng Te Ming , Black Howard , Young Nelson D. , Huang Zhongyun , Hyma Katie E. , Gealy David R. , Caicedo Ana L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe use of herbicide-resistant (HR) Clearfield rice (Oryza sativa) to control weedy rice has increased in the past 12 years to constitute about 60% of rice acreage in Arkansas, where most U.S. rice is grown. To assess the impact of HR cultivated rice on the herbicide resistance and population structure of weedy rice, weedy samples were collected from commercial fields with a history of Clearfield rice. Panicles from each weedy type were harvested and tested for resistance to imazethapyr. The majority of plants sampled had at least 20% resistant offspring. These resistant weeds were 97 to 199 cm tall and initiated flowering from 78 to 128 d, generally later than recorded for accessions collected prior to the widespread use of Clearfield rice (i.e. historical accessions). Whereas the majority (70%) of historical accessions had straw-colored hulls, only 30% of contemporary HR weedy rice had straw-colored hulls. Analysis of genotyping-by-sequencing data showed that HR weeds were not genetically structured according to hull color, whereas historical weedy rice was separated into straw-hull and black-hull populations. A significant portion of the local rice crop genome was introgressed into HR weedy rice, which was rare in historical weedy accessions. Admixture analyses showed that HR weeds tend to possess crop haplotypes in the portion of chromosome 2 containing the ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE gene, which confers herbicide resistance to Clearfield rice. Thus, U.S. HR weedy rice is a distinct population relative to historical weedy rice and shows modifications in morphology and phenology that are relevant to weed management.
Some not‐so‐hidden injuries of class: Autoethnographies of U.S. social mobility
Authors: HANDLER RICHARD 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTShamus Khan's Privilege and Christine Walley's Exit Zero are autobiographically grounded analyses of social class in the United States. Drawing on memory, personal documents, the telling ethnographic incident, and relevant social theory, each brings to light some of the ways that current neoliberal socioeconomic policies constrict people's life chances.
Haemolytic anaemia associated with Theileria sp. in an orphaned platypus
Authors: Kessell AE , Boulton JG , Dutton GJ , Woodgate R , Shamsi S , Peters A , Connolly JH 
Published: August 2014

Case reportThe clinical and laboratory findings in an orphaned juvenile female platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) that presented with a severe anaemia and tick infestation are reported. The animal developed a terminal septicaemia and died. Antemortem clinical pathology, postmortem histopathology and 18S rDNA sequencing supported a diagnosis of extravascular haemolytic anaemia secondary to Theileria ornithorhynchi infection.ConclusionAlthough T. ornithorhynchi infection is common in the platypus, this is the first case in which it has been shown to cause a haemolytic anaemia in this species and molecular characterisation of the organism has been described. A review of the previous literature concerning T. ornithorhynchi and possible treatment options for future cases are discussed.
Creation of reusable open textbooks: Insights from the Connexions repository
Authors: Rodriguez‐Solano Carlos , Sánchez‐Alonso Salvador , Sicilia Miguel‐Angel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOpen textbook initiatives have appeared as an alternative to traditional publishing. These initiatives for the production of alternatively copyrighted educational resources provide a way of sharing materials through the Web.While the open model of peer‐produced materials enables the global reuse of textbooks, the combination of fragments to produce new textbooks tailored to particular needs is not easy.The heterogeneity of topics and target audiences, as well as the cultural and institutional differences of educational systems across the globe, raises the need for new compositional features, fostering—at the same time—the reuse of the newly produced combinations. This paper reviews the current models of reuse and sharing, and presents a quantitative analysis of the Connexions repository which provides evidence about the culture of reuse in open textbook initiatives.