bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of the Trifluoromethyl Group on Torquoselectivity in the 4π Ring‐Opening Reaction of Oxetenes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Shimizu Natsumi , Honda Kazuya , Hioki Yuta , Mikami Koichi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe highly stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted olefins such as (II)/(III), (V), (VII)/(VIII), and (X)/(XI) bearing a CF3‐group via the thermal 4π electrocyclic ring opening reaction of various oxetenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Allylboration of Propargylic Aldehydes.
Authors: Bhakta Urmibhusan , Sullivan Erin , Hall Dennis G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe utility of the products is demonstrated by Au/Ag‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of products (IVa,e) to bicyclic compounds (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Head‐to‐Tail Homo‐ and Heterodimerization of Vinylamides by Hidden Proton Catalysis.
Authors: Iqbal Naseem , Blakstad Guro , Fiksdahl Anne 
Published: June 2014

AbstractN‐Vinylimidazole and N‐vinylphthalimide do not react under the present conditions (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: NBS Mediated Nitriles Synthesis Through C=C Double Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Zong Xiaolin , Zheng Qing‐Zhong , Jiao Ning 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBenzonitriles are prepared from electron‐rich styrenes in the presence of NBS, Tms‐N3, and copper(II) acetate in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Assisted N‐Alkylation of Sulfonamides Using Ethers as the Alkylation Reagents.
Authors: Shi Wei , Bai Chun‐Mei , Zhu Kai , Cui Dong‐Mei , Zhang Chen 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction of cyclic ethers affords pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives, whereas the reaction of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers give the corresponding mono N‐alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine‐Catalyzed Multi‐Component One‐Pot Reactions for the Convenient Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole] Derivatives.
Authors: Feng Jun , Ablajan Keyume , Sali Ahat 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title compounds can be prepared by a three‐ or four‐step one‐pot reaction, whereas the latter one gives better yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Efficient Synthesis of Chiral 2,4‐Disubstituted Oxazolines from β‐Phosphonoamides.
Authors: Avalos‐Alanis Francisco G. , Hernandez‐Fernandez Eugenio , Hernandez‐Romero Rocio , Lopez‐Cortina Susana , Ordonez Mario , Garcia‐Barradas Oscar , Lagunas‐Rivera Selene 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDifferent routes for the preparation of the title compounds are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective One‐Pot C—N Coupling of Substituted Naphthoquinones: Selective Intramolecular Ring Fusion of Sulfonamides.
Authors: Yu Wenying , Li Chenglong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title novel reaction provides a selective method to synthesize both ring‐fused (III) and ring‐opened (IV) products.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Oxidative Cyclization of 3‐Hydroxyalkyl‐1,2,4‐trialkoxynaphthalenes and Synthetic Application for the Biologically Active Natural Compound Rhinacanthone (XI).
Authors: Ogata Tokutaro , Doe Misae , Matsubara Aya , Torii Eri , Nishiura Chiaki , Nishiuchi Arisa , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kimachi Tetsutaro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe proposed mechanism suggests that the reaction proceeds by a stepwise oxidation‐cyclization sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: SiO2—OSO3H Nanoparticles: An Efficient, Versatile and New Reagent for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐8‐oxo‐4,8‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]pyran‐3‐carbonitrile Derivatives in Water, a Green Protocol.
Authors: Sadeghi Bahareh , Nezhad Parinaz Farokhi , Hashemian Saeedeh 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe solid phase acidic catalyst is reusable several times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Indolizidines and Piperidines from Garner′s Aldehyde: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Swainsonine, (+)‐1,2‐Di‐epi‐swainsonine, (+)‐8,8a‐Di‐epi‐castanospermine, Pentahydroxy Indolizidines, (‐)‐1‐Deoxynojirimycin, (‐)‐1‐Deoxy‐altro‐nojirimycin, and Related Diversity.
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Manna Sudipta Kumar , Panda Gautam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDiastereoselective and diverse syntheses of polyhydroxylated indolizidines and piperidines are described, where the common chiral intermediate 2‐(hydroxymethyl) piperidine‐3‐ol is converted into 1‐deoxy‐altro‐nojirimycin derivatives (I), 1‐deoxynojirimycin (II), 1,2‐di‐epi‐swainsonine (III), swainsonine (IV), 8,8a‐di‐epi‐castanospermine (V), and isomeric pentahydroxy indolizidines (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrazole Based Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐diones and Their Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Satasia Shailesh P. , Kalaria Piyush N. , Raval Dipak K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe synthesized pyrazole based pyrido pyrimidine‐diones are evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial, antituberculosis and antimalarial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Heteroannulation and Chlorination of Benzothiadiazine Derivatives Mediated by DDQ.
Authors: Verones Valerie , Flouquet Nathalie , Farce Amaury , Berthelot Pascal , Lebegue Nicolas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAttempted DDQ oxidation of benzothiadiazine derivatives (III) at the dihydroimidazo or tetrahydropyrimidino ring moiety results in unexpected cyclization to give chlorinated tetracyclic products (IV) in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and HPLC Analysis of the Stereoisomers of Miyakosyne A [(4E,24E)‐14‐Methyloctacosa‐4,24‐diene‐1,27‐diyne‐3,26‐diol], a Cytotoxic Metabolite of a Marine Sponge Petrosia sp., to Determine the Absolute Configuration of Its Major Component as 3R,14R,26R.
Authors: Mori Kenji , Akasaka Kazuaki , Matsunaga Shigeki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSix stereoisomers of the natural miyakosyne A (I) are synthesized from the corresponding enantiomers of citronellal.
ChemInform Abstract: Didemnaketals D and E, Bioactive Terpenoids from a Red Sea ascidian Didemnum Species.
Authors: Mohamed Gamal A. , Ibrahim Sabrin R.M. , Badr Jihan M. , Youssef Diaa T. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title compounds show moderate antimicrobial and protein kinase inhibitory activities.
Reliability of immunostaining using pan‐melanoma cocktail, SOX10, and microphthalmia transcription factor in confirming a diagnosis of melanoma on fine‐needle aspiration smears
Authors: Clevenger Jessica , Joseph Cicily , Dawlett Marilyn , Guo Ming , Gong Yun 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDAccurate fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of metastatic melanoma is of therapeutic and prognostic significance and often requires ancillary studies. To the authors' knowledge, the reliability of immunostaining using a pan‐melanoma cocktail, Sry‐related HMG‐BOX gene 10 (SOX10), and microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) in confirming a diagnosis of melanoma on FNA smears has not been studied to date.METHODSThis retrospective study included 50 FNA cases with a definitive diagnosis of melanoma. Twenty‐nine cases were epithelioid type (group 1), and 21 cases were predominantly spindle cell type with or without an epithelioid component (group 2). Each case was immunostained using pan‐melanoma cocktail, SOX10, and MITF. Staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells were recorded.RESULTSThe pan‐melanoma cocktail was positive in 43 cases (86%), SOX10 was positive in 50 cases (100%), and MITF in 45 cases (90%). SOX10 and MITF demonstrated nuclear staining with stronger and more diffuse staining with less or no background staining compared with pan‐melanoma cocktail, which displayed cytoplasmic staining. For pan‐melanoma cocktail and SOX10, the detection rates were identical in groups 1 and 2 (86% with pan‐melanoma cocktail and 100% with SOX10). For MITF, the detection rate was higher in group 1 compared with Group 2 (93% vs 86%).CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, SOX10 was found to have the highest overall detection rate, followed by MITF and pan‐melanoma cocktail. The pan‐melanoma cocktail and SOX10 performed equally well for groups 1 and 2, and MITF had a higher detection rate in group 1. Overall, SOX10 and MITF appeared to be superior to the pan‐melanoma cocktail and SOX10 seemed better than MITF in confirming a diagnosis of melanoma on FNA smears. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:779–785. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
OpenStack Neat: a framework for dynamic and energy‐efficient consolidation of virtual machines in OpenStack clouds
Authors: Beloglazov Anton , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: June 2014

SummaryDynamic consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) is an efficient approach for improving the utilization of physical resources and reducing energy consumption in cloud data centers. Despite the large volume of research published on this topic, there are very few open‐source software systems implementing dynamic VM consolidation. In this paper, we propose an architecture and open‐source implementation of OpenStack Neat, a framework for dynamic VM consolidation in OpenStack clouds. OpenStack Neat can be configured to use custom VM consolidation algorithms and transparently integrates with existing OpenStack deployments without the necessity of modifying their configuration. In addition, to foster and encourage further research efforts in the area of dynamic VM consolidation, we propose a benchmark suite for evaluating and comparing dynamic VM consolidation algorithms. The proposed benchmark suite comprises OpenStack Neat as the base software framework, a set of real‐world workload traces, performance metrics and evaluation methodology. As an application of the proposed benchmark suite, we conduct an experimental evaluation of OpenStack Neat and several dynamic VM consolidation algorithms on a five‐node testbed, which shows significant benefits of dynamic VM consolidation resulting in up to 33% energy savings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Hydrogen‐Evolution Heteronanostructured Photocatalysts: Pt‐Nb3O7(OH) and Cu‐Nb3O7(OH)
Authors: Hmadeh Mohamad , Hoepfner Veronika , Larios Eduardo , Liao Kristine , Jia Jia , Jose‐Yacaman Miguel , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNanorods of triniobium hydroxide heptaoxide, Nb3O7(OH), were synthesized by means of a hydrothermal method. Subsequently, Pt and CuO nanoparticles were introduced on the surface of Nb3O7(OH) nanorods by a microwave‐assisted solvothermal nucleation and growth technique. The resulting Pt‐ and CuO‐decorated Nb3O7(OH) nanorods demonstrated uniform particle dispersion and were fully characterized by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, the solar‐powered photocatalytic hydrogen production properties of these heteronanostructures were studied. The solar‐driven H2 formation rate over Pt‐Nb3O7(OH) was determined to be 710.4±1.7 μmol g−1 h−1 with a quantum efficiency of ϕ=5.40 % at λ=380 nm. Interestingly, the as‐prepared CuO‐Nb3O7(OH) heteronanostructure was found to be inactive under solar irradiation during an induction phase, whereupon it undergoes an in situ photoreduction process to form the photocatalytically active Cu‐Nb3O7(OH). This restructuring process was monitored by an in situ measurement of the time‐evolution of the optical absorption spectra. The solar‐powered H2 production for the restructured compound was determined to be 290.3±5.1 μmol g−1 h−1.
Palladium/Carbon Dioxide Cooperative Catalysis for the Production of Diketone Derivatives from Carbohydrates
Authors: Liu Fei , Audemar Maïté , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Clacens Jean‐Marc , De Campo Floryan , Jérôme François 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe one‐pot production of industrially valuable diketone derivatives from carbohydrates is achieved through a bifunctional catalytic process. In particular, Pd/C‐catalyzed hydrogenation of HMF in water and under CO2 affords 1‐hydroxypentane‐2,5‐dione with up to 77 % yield. The process is also eligible starting from fructose and inulin, affording 1‐hydroxyhexane‐2,5‐dione with 36 % and 15 % yield, respectively. The key of the process is reversible in situ formation of carbonic acid, which is capable of assisting Pd/C during the hydrogenation reaction by promoting the dehydration of carbohydrates and the ring‐opening of furanic intermediates. Interestingly, by changing the reaction medium from H2O to a H2O/THF mixture (1:9), it is possible to switch the selectivity of the reaction and to produce 2,5‐hexanadione with 83 % yield. Within the framework of sustainable chemistry, reactions presented in this report show 100 % carbon economy, involve CO2 to generate acidity, require water as a solvent, and are conducted under rather low hydrogen pressures (10 bar).
TECXY Code Simulation of Snowflake Divertor Configuration in DEMO Reactor
Authors: Pełka G. , Zagórski R. , Ridolfini V.P. , Artaserse G. , Calabrò G. , Crisanti F. , Maddaluno G. , Ramogida G. , Viola B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPreliminary TECXY code simulation results of scrape‐off layer conditions in DEMO1 reactor design are presented. The values for snowflake (SF) and single null divertor configurations are discussed. The SF divertor configuration used here, although not fully optimised yet, already promises better performance than standard single null divertor as far as heat load mitigation due to interactions with neutrals. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world
Authors: Brodie Juliet , Williamson Christopher J. , Smale Dan A. , Kamenos Nicholas A. , Mieszkowska Nova , Santos Rui , Cunliffe Michael , Steinke Michael , Yesson Christopher , Anderson Kathryn M. , Asnaghi Valentina , Brownlee Colin , Burdett Heidi L. , Burrows Michael T. , Collins Sinead , Donohue Penelope J. C. , Harvey Ben , Foggo Andrew , Noisette Fanny , Nunes Joana , Ragazzola Federica , Raven John A. , Schmidt Daniela N. , Suggett David , Teichberg Mirta , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSeaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf‐forming seaweeds.
Contrasting patterns of polymorphism and selection in bacterial‐sensing toll‐like receptor 4 in two house mouse subspecies
Authors: Fornuskova Alena , Bryja Josef , Vinkler Michal , Macholán Miloš , Piálek Jaroslav 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDetailed investigation of variation in genes involved in pathogen recognition is crucial for understanding co‐evolutionary processes between parasites and their hosts. Triggering immediate innate response to invading microbes, Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) belong presently among the best‐studied receptors of vertebrate immunity. TLRs exhibit remarkable interspecific variation and also intraspecific polymorphism is well documented. In humans and laboratory mice, several studies have recently shown that single amino acid substitution may significantly alter receptor function. Unfortunately, data concerning polymorphism in free‐living species are still surprisingly scarce. In this study, we analyzed the polymorphism of Toll‐like receptor 4 (Tlr4) over the Palearctic range of house mouse (Mus musculus). Our results reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns between the two recently (0.5 million years ago) diverged house mouse subspecies: M. m. domesticus (Mmd) and M. m. musculus (Mmm). Comparison with cytochrome b indicates strong directional selection in Mmd Tlr4. Throughout the whole Mmd western Palaearctic region, a single variant of the ligand‐binding region is spread, encoded mainly by one dominant haplotype (71% of Mmd). In contrast, Tlr4 in Mmm is much more polymorphic with several haplotypes at intermediate frequencies. Moreover, we also found clear signals of recombination between two principal haplogroups in Mmm, and we identified eight sites under positive selection in our dataset. Our results suggest that observed differences in Tlr4 diversity may be attributed to contrasting parasite‐mediated selection acting in the two subspecies.
Methanesulfonic‐Acid‐Catalysed Ring Opening and Glycosylation of 1,2‐(Acetylcyclopropane)‐Annulated D‐Lyxofuranose
Authors: Wang Cong , Ma Xiaofeng , Zhang Jichao , Tang Qin , Jiao Wei , Shao Huawu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA mild and effective method for the synthesis of 2‐C‐branched disaccharides, glycoconjugates, and nucleoside analogues is described. 1,2‐(acetylcyclopropane)‐annulated D‐lyxofuranose underwent ring opening catalysed by CH3SO3H to act as an efficient glycosyl donor and give the glycosylation products in good yields and with high diastereoselectivities.
Hypervalent Iodine(III) Promoted Direct Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines
Authors: Qian Guangyin , Liu Bingxin , Tan Qitao , Zhang Siwen , Xu Bin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn efficient and mild synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine derivatives has been developed from readily available pyrimidyl arylamines or enamines through a hypervalent iodine‐promoted intramolecular C–H bond cycloamination reaction. This protocol allows for the facile construction of biologically active bicyclic imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine skeletons as well as other imidazo[1,2‐a]‐type fused heterocycles.
Highly Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Unsymmetric Alkynes Using a Phenylthio Directing Group
Authors: Huang Kuan‐Hsun , Isobe Minoru 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCobalt‐assisted hydrosilylation of acetylenes is particularly interesting in organic synthesis since alkynyl group functionalization can give way to more useful substructures. This study aims to answer the general question of how to control hydrosilylation regioselectivity with unsymmetric alkynyl groups. Cobalt‐catalyzed hydrosilylation is highly regioselective with alkyl‐phenylthio‐acetylenes affording corresponding cis‐α‐silyl‐α‐thioaryl‐substituted olefins. However, this reaction loses regioselectivity in cases involving substrates with relatively small alkyl groups. The roles of the directing group in this reaction are to (i) exert steric effects on the alkyl group, and (ii) express stereoelectronic effects of the sulfur or oxygen atom. The scope and limitation of the hydrosilylation as well as the role of such a directing group are discussed.
Triplet Sensitizer Modification of Poly(3‐hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) for Increased Efficiency in Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Ramidi Punnamchandar , Abdulrazzaq Omar , Felton Charlette M. , Gartia Yashraj , Saini Viney , Biris Alexandru S. , Ghosh Anindya 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present the successful synthesis of a modified poly(3‐hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) donor polymer with benzophenone (P3HTB) substitution. The triplet‐sensitizer (benzophenone)‐containing polymer (P3HTB) was synthesized by the oxidative copolymerization of 3‐hexylthiophene and benzopheneone‐modified thiophene [2‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐(thiophen‐3‐yl)phenyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane] and deprotecting the cyclic ketal group. The resulting polymer was characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Different ratios of the copolymer (P3HTB) and pristine P3HT mixtures were used for the fabrication and characterization of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cells, with [6,6]‐Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) used as the acceptor in fabricating the active layers. An increase in power conversion efficiency (≈15 %) was observed with devices fabricated with 2.5 and 5 wt % P3HTB mixed with P3HT compared to those fabricated with P3HT alone.
Selecting the best design for nonstandard toxicology experiments
Authors: Webb Jennifer M. , Smucker Byran J. , Bailer A. John 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Although many experiments in environmental toxicology use standard statistical experimental designs, there are situations that arise where no such standard design is natural or applicable because of logistical constraints. For example, the layout of a laboratory may suggest that each shelf serve as a block, with the number of experimental units per shelf either greater than or less than the number of treatments in a way that precludes the use of a typical block design. In such cases, an effective and powerful alternative is to employ optimal experimental design principles, a strategy that produces designs with precise statistical estimates. Here, a D-optimal design was generated for an experiment in environmental toxicology that has 2 factors, 16 treatments, and constraints similar to those described above. After initial consideration of a randomized complete block design and an intuitive cyclic design, it was decided to compare a D-optimal design and a slightly more complicated version of the cyclic design. Simulations were conducted generating random responses under a variety of scenarios that reflect conditions motivated by a similar toxicology study, and the designs were evaluated via D-efficiency as well as by a power analysis. The cyclic design performed well compared to the D-optimal design. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2399–2406. © 2014 SETAC
How reliable are data for the ecotoxicity of trivalent chromium to Daphnia magna?
Authors: Ponti Benedetta , Bettinetti Roberta , Dossi Carlo , Vignati Davide Anselmo Luigi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Risk assessments from the European Union and the World Health Organization report values for acute and chronic toxicity of Cr(III) to Daphnia magna in the range of 0.6 mg/L to 111 mg/L and 0.047 mg/L to 3.4 mg/L, respectively. To understand whether factors other than the use of different test media and data reporting contribute to this variability, the authors tested the acute (48-h) and chronic (21-d) toxicities of Cr(III) to D. magna according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) methods. Filterable (0.45-µm) chromium concentrations were measured at 0 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h, the latter value corresponding to the total duration of the acute tests and to the interval between medium renewals in chronic tests. In highly alkaline media (4.9 meq/L), Cr concentrations decreased rapidly below the analytical detection limit, and no toxicity was observed. In less alkaline media (approximately 0.8 meq/L), the decrease in filterable Cr concentrations was inversely proportional to the quantity of added Cr(III). The authors concluded that existing data likely underestimate the ecotoxicity of Cr(III) to D. magna. A reliable assessment of the hazard of Cr(III) to D. magna must consider that exposure concentrations can decrease markedly from the beginning to the end of a test and that medium alkalinity strongly influences the outcome of laboratory toxicity tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2280–2287. © 2014 SETAC