bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Seismic Behaviors of HRBF400 RC Columns
Authors: Ge Wenjie , Zhang Jiwen , Cao Dafu , Wang Biyuan , Pan Linglong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In order to investigate the seismic behaviors of RC columns reinforced with HRBF400 steel bar (HRBF-high strength hot rolled bars of fine grains), four rectangle cross-section HRBF400 RC columns' bending low-cycle reversed loading experiments were made. Influences of reinforcement ratio, axial compression ratio, and stirrup ratio on the seismic behaviors of HRBF400 RC columns were analyzed. Characteristic of hysteretic curve and skeleton curve are studied, and characteristic value and displacement ductility of each specimen was calculated. The results show HRBF400 RC columns have good seismic behavior. Yield load, peak load, and ductility improve with the increasing of reinforcement ratio. Columns of high compression ratio have high peak load and yield load, but their skeleton curves decrease quickly after peak load and have low ductility. Columns of low compression ratio have low peak load and yield load, but decrease gentlly after peak load and also have good ductility. Seismic behaviors and ductility of RC columns improve with the increasing of stirrup ratio.
Convenient Ratio Approach for Industrial Implementation in Estimating and Testing Process Yield
Authors: Pearn W. L. , Tai Y. T. , Kao C. M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In recent years, since portable devices with thin and light designs are essential, the applications of the thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT–LCD) have been applied extensively. Process yield is the most common criterion used in the TFT–LCD manufacturing industry for measuring process performance. The measurement index Spk establishes the relationship between the manufacturing specifications and the actual process performance, which provides an exact measure on process yield. In this paper, we provide two convenient ratio approaches to calculate the lower confidence bounds and critical values extensively for various values of α-risk, capability requirements, and sample sizes. Practitioners can use the proposed ratio approaches and procedures to determine whether their process meets the preset capability requirement and make reliable decisions. The convenient ratio approaches can bridge the gap between the theoretical development and factory applications for evaluation of process yields.
A Newly Advanced Anti-Vibration Pad With a Phase Balancer Designed by Analysis of Washing Machine Behaviors
Authors: Kim Jin-Su , Jeong Jae-Eun , Jeong Un-Chang , Oh Jae-Eung 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This study proposed an anti-vibration pad with a phase balancer that helps reduce wood floor vibrations from a washing machine as well as the vibrations of the machine itself. When a washing machine is installed just on anti-vibration pads, the floor vibrations can be reduced, but consequently the machine’s left–right vibrations become more violent. Accordingly, in order to identify the mechanism by which anti-vibration pads generate left-right vibrations in washing machines, the present study proposed a two-point measurement method that can determine vertical washing machine vibrations and phase differences. In addition, we proposed an optimal phase balancer designed by a finite element analysis-based response surface method for reducing vibrations using a phase difference. As a result, the anti-vibration pad with a phase balancer, when applied to washing machines, greatly contributed to simultaneously reducing the actual vibrations of washing machines and the vibration transfer to the floor.
Assessment of Process Variables that Can Impact Results of Soluble Sulfate Evaluated by the Tex-145E Method
Authors: Freese Kevin , Abbas Ala , Senko John , Cutright Teresa J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Sulfate-induced heave has become an expensive problem in many states when expansive soils containing high levels of sulfate are stabilized with calcium based stabilizers such as lime or cement. Colorimetric assessment of soluble sulfate concentrations (SSC) is the most accepted indicator to predict the degree of risk associated with using chemical stabilization to treat expansive soils. Questions surrounding the effects of sulfate source, water to soil ratio, contact time, and separation methods were investigated. Samples of a soil from northeastern Ohio were spiked with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) to yield 300 and 3000mg sulfate/kg soil and with gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) to yield 300, 3000, 6000, and 12 000mg sulfate/kg soil. Subsamples of the spiked soil were then mixed with water at a 1:20 ratio of soil:water, shaken, and allowed to rest from 12 to 24h. A sample of the soil solution from each mixture was obtained by four different methods and analyzed for sulfate by colorimetric method. There was no significant difference for the contact time used; however, a 24h contact time is recommended. Results of colorimetric testing indicated use of partial and full filtration provided the most accurate SSC readings.
Design and Evaluation of Bayesian Dependent State Sampling Inspection Plans
Authors: Vijayaraghavan R. , Sakthivel K. M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The theory of sampling inspection procedures by attributes is built upon the general assumptions that the manufacturing process from which lots are formed is stable and that the lot or process fraction nonconforming is a constant. However, in practice, the lots formed from any production process will have quality variations, which occur due to random fluctuations. When quality variations are present in a process, the proportion of nonconforming units in the lots will vary continually. In such cases, Bayesian acceptance sampling plans (BASP), which use prior information on the process variation for taking decisions about the submitted lots, can be employed as an alternative to conventional plans. This paper focuses on the concept of dependent state sampling inspection plans by attributes for continuous production with small acceptance numbers under Bayesian perspective and highlights the properties of its characteristic curves with reference to various parameters. A procedure for determining the parameters of such plans for two specified points on the operating characteristic curves under the conditions of gamma-Poisson distribution is discussed with illustrations. The closed form expressions for the parameters of the plans are also derived.
Mix Proportion Design and Mechanical Properties of Recycled PET Concrete
Authors: Yao Zhanyong , Zhang Xiaomeng , Ge Zhi , Jin Zhuang , Han Jie , Pan Xianghong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The mix proportion and mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) concrete were studied by orthogonal test. PET concrete was produced by mixing melted PET with aggregate and mineral admixtures. The effects of several factors on the properties of PET concrete were investigated. These factors included: (1) coarse aggregate type, (2) mineral materials, (3) PET and mineral/aggregate (PETAM/AG) ratio, (4) sand ratio, (5) PET/mineral (PET/MA) ratio, and (6) maximum particle size of coarse aggregate. The results showed that the most important factor was PETAM/AG, followed by sand ratio and PET/MA. Samples with 10 mm coarse aggregate had the highest compressive strength of 36 MPa. The compressive strength decreased 8.6 and 37 % as the coarse aggregate maximum particle sizes changed from 10 to 4.75 and 13 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in flexural strength when the sand ratio changed from 35 to 68 %. The strength of PET concrete with basalt was higher than that of concrete with limestone. The concrete containing fly ash and 5 % talc had the highest strength followed by concrete with fly ash, Portland cement (PC), fly ash with 5 % asphalt, without any mineral. The best mix proportion of PET concrete was PETAM/AG of 1:3, sand ratio of 35 % and PET/fly ash of 2:1.
Effect of Crack Front Curvature on Experimental Evaluation of J-Integral for Single-Edge Bend Specimens
Authors: Yan Zijian , Zhou Wenxing 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper presents three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses of plane-sided single-edge bend specimens to investigate the effect of the crack front curvature on the accuracy of the average J-integral (J) evaluated over the crack front using the plastic eta-factor-based approach specified in ASTM E1820-11. Specimens with average crack lengths of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 and thickness-to-width ratios of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 were analyzed. The analysis was based on the J2 deformation theory of plasticity and assumed stationary cracks with sharp crack tips. The curved crack front was characterized by a power-law expression proposed by Nikishikov et al. that was validated using crack front data collected in this study. The plastic eta factors specified in ASTM E1820-11 and proposed by Zhu et al. were employed. The analysis results indicate that the errors in the plastic eta-factor-based J were generally between −7 % (i.e., underestimation) and 6 % (i.e., overestimation) for the specimens that had curved crack fronts with crack front curvature equal to the maximum allowable value specified in ASTM E1820-11. Based on the analysis results, crack front straightness criteria that are in most cases less stringent than those specified in ASTM E1820-11 are recommended. The suggested criteria could potentially lead to reduced specimen rejection rates and cost savings.
New Experimental Setup for Seismic Testing of Exterior RC Beam–Column Joints
Authors: Aykac Sabahattin , Kalkan Ilker 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Exterior beam–column joints are commonly tested to investigate the influence of different strengthening and repair techniques on the seismic performances of RC structures. All of the internal forces developing at the ends of the beams and columns need to be applied to the test specimens and these forces need to be proportioned similar to the proportions of the forces in a structure to simulate the conditions of an actual structure during an earthquake. This paper presents a new experimental setup developed to realistically represent the seismic response and behavior of an exterior RC beam–column joint under earthquake excitations. This setup offers a quite economical alternative to the available loading and testing assemblies, made up of several costly loading devices and support fixtures to approximate the conditions of a joint in an earthquake. The present setup was established by using widely-available and inexpensive components to make seismic testing of joints more feasible considering the financial and space limitations of the researchers, particularly in developing countries. The setup also takes into account the influence of the presence of the slab and transverse beams framing into the planar beam–column connection. Three-dimensional exterior RC beam–column connections were successfully tested using this setup.
Experimental Study of Geobagged Reservoir Siltations for Backfill Applications
Authors: Wu Jason Y. , Lin Yijian 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Infrastructure sustainability has become a major global concern. Massive reservoir siltations (RS) have seriously disrupted the service of many reservoirs worldwide. The dredged siltations are difficult to stockpile, or dispose of, because of their high water content and soft nature. This study explores a novel approach using RS to produce controlled low-strength materials (CLSM), reinforced with geobags that are used for storage and backfill applications. Test results have shown that, initially, geobags provided a significant contribution to the strength improvement of an RS-based CLSM. However, effective reinforcement appears to be highly dependent upon the type of geotextile and the original strength of the RS-CLSM. The results show a promising solution for reusing reservoir siltations and ensuring a sustainable approach for the mitigation of a silted reservoir.
Apply TRIZ to Improve the Molten Zinc Corrosion Tester in Steel Manufacturing
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Lin Wen-Ching , Huang Tsai-Shang , Chen Hsun-Jung , Phan Van-Thanh 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In order to study the mechanism of molten zinc corrosion on specific materials, a molten zinc corrosion tester was developed to simulate the working condition in a zinc pot. However, the tester may cause severe oxidation of zinc, which becomes dross floating on the surface. Once the dross accumulated to a certain level, the molten zinc became viscous and affected the movement of the samples. Based on the Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ) methodology and heuristic technique, this study improved the design of the tester so as to solve the oxidation problem. The objective of this study is to minimize the formation of zinc dross to be less than 2 kg in 2 days. After several attempts, the tester reduced oxidation of molten zinc successfully from 2.6 kg of zinc oxide every day down to 2.52 kg every three days. The improvement is 68 %, which is a very outstanding achievement.
The Effects of Sieving and Paste Content on the Setting Behavior of Mortars as Measured by ASTM C403
Authors: Lee Chang Hoon , Hover Kenneth Clark , Lee Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSetting of concrete is measured by ASTM C403 via penetration resistance of mortar extracted from concrete by removing coarse aggregates larger than the 4.75 mm (#4) sieve. However, C403 is sometimes performed on mortar prepared to represent the mortar fraction of the concrete in question; thus avoiding the time-and-labor intensive sieving operation. As noted in STM C403, “… it has been shown that the initial and final setting times may be increased when using the prepared mortar.” The authors previously reported this difference quantitatively, having observed or discovered in the literature prepared mortars with an initial setting time up to 8 %–14 % greater than that of sieved mortar, and final setting time 5 %–16 % greater than that of sieved mortar. These differences are 1 to 3 times greater than the single operator precision for acceptable range of test results, and are thus significant in the context of C403. The authors propose that this difference is associated with the reduction in paste content in the mortar that accompanies the sieving operation, having observed a 3 to 8 % paste volume reduction in sieved mortar. The authors suggest a general correlation between changes in setting time as a function of changes in paste content.
Research on Malachite Green Wastewater by Flocculation and Co-Precipitation
Authors: Wang YanHua , Gao ChanJuan , Yang ShengKe 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Wastewater from industrial dyeing has become a major problem in modern water treatment, owing to their complex structures, bio-refractory, anti-oxidation, anti-photolysis, and strong heat stability. Thus, treatment of dye wastewater has attracted the attention of researchers. The focus of this work is the removal effect of 2,4,6-trimercaptotriazine (TMT) and polyacrylamide (PAM) independent action and synergistic effect on malachite green (MG). The removal effect with different factors, such as the dosage of TMT or PAM, pH value, and temperature, were investigated, and the removal mechanism is discussed. The results show that the decolour treatment of MG dye wastewater can achieve the ideal effect by the synergy of TMT and PAM.
Sensitivity Analysis for a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus: A Methodology Based on Orthogonal Experiment Designs
Authors: Zarr Robert R. , Filliben James J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResults and analyses of a sensitivity study of six controlled variables on the response of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 500 mm guarded-hot-plate apparatus are presented. The effects of four factors held constant as well as three uncontrolled environmental variables were also examined. The goal of the study is to derive a sensitivity analysis ranking of the relative importance of factors and interactions affecting the apparatus. Sixty-six thermal conductivity measurements were conducted across three experiments at a mean temperature of 310 K for a pair of fibrous-glass specimens (120 kg·m−3) having nominal dimensions 500 mm in diameter and 26 mm in thickness. The apparatus response was studied using an orthogonal fractional factorial design, a one-factor-at-a-time design, and a full factorial design for a subset of factors from the fractionated design. The results indicate that most important factor affecting the thermal conductivity measurement was the temperature difference across the air space separating the central meter plate and the surrounding guard plate, described here as the gap temperature difference (ΔTg). The study also revealed an interaction between the gap temperature difference and the temperature difference across the specimen (ΔTavg). An empirical model for the results of the sensitivity study is presented. Results of the gap temperature difference (ΔTg) are similar to published results from another guarded-hot-plate apparatus. Improvements for equipment operation, as well as insights to the sources of experimental uncertainty, are presented.
Emerging treatment strategies for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Carlsson Steven K , Brothers Shaun P , Wahlestedt Claes 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain tumor with a more than 90% 5‐year mortality. GBM has a paltry median survival of 12.6 months attributed to the unique treatment limitations such as the high average age of onset, tumor location, and poor current understandings of the tumor pathophysiology. The resection techniques, chemotherapic strategies, and radiation therapy currently used to treat GBM have slowly evolved, but the improvements have not translated to marked increases in patient survival. Here, we will discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GBM pathophysiology, and the diagnostic techniques and treatment options. The discussion will include biomarkers, tumor imaging, novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and small‐molecule inhibitors, and the heterogeneity resulting from the GBM cancer stem cell population.
Viewing Protein Fitness Landscapes Through a Next-Gen Lens
Authors: Boucher Jeffrey I , Cote Pamela , Flynn Julia , Jiang Li , Laban Aneth , Mishra Parul , Roscoe Benjamin P , Bolon Daniel N A 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has enabled many powerful approaches in biological research. Here, we review sequencing approaches to measure frequency changes within engineered mutational libraries subject to selection. These analyses can provide direct estimates of biochemical and fitness effects for all individual mutations across entire genes (and likely compact genomes in the near future) in genetically tractable systems such as microbes, viruses, and mammalian cells. The effects of mutations on experimental fitness can be assessed using sequencing to monitor time-dependent changes in mutant frequency during bulk competitions. The impact of mutations on biochemical functions can be determined using reporters or other means of separating variants based on individual activities (e.g., binding affinity for a partner molecule can be interrogated using surface display of libraries of mutant proteins and isolation of bound and unbound populations). The comprehensive investigation of mutant effects on both biochemical function and experimental fitness provide promising new avenues to investigate the connections between biochemistry, cell physiology, and evolution. We summarize recent findings from systematic mutational analyses; describe how they relate to a field rich in both theory and experimentation; and highlight how they may contribute to ongoing and future research into protein structure–function relationships, systems-level descriptions of cell physiology, and population-genetic inferences on the relative contributions of selection and drift.
Unanticipated Success Stories: An Interview with Angelika Amon
Authors: Amon Angelika B 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
THE Genetics Society of America Medal is awarded to an individual for outstanding contributions to the field of genetics in the past 15 years. Recipients of the GSA Medal are recognized for elegant and highly meaningful contributions to modern genetics. The 2014 recipient, Angelika B. Amon, has uncovered key principles governing the cell cycle and was the first to demonstrate a connection between the physical completion of anaphase and the initiation of mitotic exit. More recently, her research has focused on the consequences of aneuploidy. GENETICS spoke with Dr. Amon about her approach to science and what is next on the horizon.
Survival of the Fittest Tools
Authors: Bellen Hugo J 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
THE Genetics Society of America’s George W. Beadle Award honors individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the community of genetics researchers and who exemplify the qualities of its namesake as a respected academic, administrator, and public servant. The 2014 recipient, Hugo Bellen, has made seminal contributions to the fields of genetics, developmental biology, and neuroscience. In parallel with his landmark science, he has worked to expand the toolbox available to Drosophila geneticists. He has helped develop technologies now used by the majority of Drosophila labs, advancing almost all fields of biology.
Understanding Rare Disease Pathogenesis: A Grand Challenge for Model Organisms
Authors: Hieter Philip , Boycott Kym M 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this commentary, Philip Hieter and Kym Boycott discuss the importance of model organisms for understanding pathogenesis of rare human genetic diseases, and highlight the work of Brooks et al., “Dysfunction of 60S ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) disrupts neurodevelopment and causes X-linked microcephaly in humans,” published in this issue of GENETICS.
Hybrid Incompatibility Despite Pleiotropic Constraint in a Sequence-Based Bioenergetic Model of Transcription Factor Binding
Authors: Tulchinsky Alexander Y , Johnson Norman A , Porter Adam H 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Hybrid incompatibility can result from gene misregulation produced by divergence in trans-acting regulatory factors and their cis-regulatory targets. However, change in trans-acting factors may be constrained by pleiotropy, which would in turn limit the evolution of incompatibility. We employed a mechanistically explicit bioenergetic model of gene expression wherein parameter combinations (number of transcription factor molecules, energetic properties of binding to the regulatory site, and genomic background size) determine the shape of the genotype–phenotype (G-P) map, and interacting allelic variants of mutable cis and trans sites determine the phenotype along that map. Misregulation occurs when the phenotype differs from its optimal value. We simulated a pleiotropic regulatory pathway involving a positively selected and a conserved trait regulated by a shared transcription factor (TF), with two populations evolving in parallel. Pleiotropic constraints shifted evolution in the positively selected trait to its cis-regulatory locus. We nevertheless found that the TF genotypes often evolved, accompanied by compensatory evolution in the conserved trait, and both traits contributed to hybrid misregulation. Compensatory evolution resulted in “developmental system drift,” whereby the regulatory basis of the conserved phenotype changed although the phenotype itself did not. Pleiotropic constraints became stronger and in some cases prohibitive when the bioenergetic properties of the molecular interaction produced a G-P map that was too steep. Likewise, compensatory evolution slowed and hybrid misregulation was not evident when the G-P map was too shallow. A broad pleiotropic “sweet spot” nevertheless existed where evolutionary constraints were moderate to weak, permitting substantial hybrid misregulation in both traits. None of these pleiotropic constraints manifested when the TF contained nonrecombining domains independently regulating the respective traits.