bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phylogeny of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae)
Authors: WINTERTON SHAUN L. , HARDY NATE B. , GAIMARI STEPHEN D. , HAUSER MARTIN , HILL HILARY N. , HOLSTON KEVIN C. , IRWIN MICHAEL E. , LAMBKIN CHRISTINE L. , METZ MARK A. , TURCO FEDERICA , WEBB DONALD , YANG LONGLONG , YEATES DAVID K. , WIEGMANN BRIAN M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe therevoid clade represents a group of four families (Apsilocephalidae, Evocoidae, Scenopinidae and Therevidae) of lower brachyceran Diptera in the superfamily Asiloidea. The largest of these families is that of the stiletto flies (Therevidae). A large‐scale (i.e. supermatrix) phylogeny of Therevidae is presented based on DNA sequence data from seven genetic loci (16S, 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA and four protein‐encoding genes: elongation factor 1‐alpha, triose phosphate isomerase, short‐wavelength rhodopsin and the CPSase region of carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase‐aspartate transcarbamoylase‐dihydroorotase). Results are presented from Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of approximately 8.7 kb of sequence data for 204 taxa representing all subfamilies and genus groups of Therevidae. Our results strongly support the sister‐group relationship between Therevidae and Scenopinidae, with Apsilocephalidae as sister to Evocoidae. Previous estimates of stiletto fly phylogeny based on morphology or DNA sequence data, or supertree analysis, have failed to find significant support for relationships among subfamilies. We report for the first time strong support for the placement of the subfamily Phycinae as sister to the remaining Therevidae, originating during the Mid Cretaceous. As in previous studies, the sister‐group relationship between the species‐rich subfamilies Agapophytinae and Therevinae is strongly supported. Agapophytinae are recovered as monophyletic, inclusive of the Taenogera group. Therevinae comprise the bulk of the species richness in the family and appear to be a relatively recent and rapid radiation originating in the southern hemisphere (Australia + Antarctica + South America) during the Late Cretaceous. Genus groups are defined for all subfamilies based on these results.
Full‐length nucleotide sequences of 30 common SLC44A2 alleles encoding human neutrophil antigen‐3
Authors: Chen Qing , Srivastava Kshitij , Ardinski Stefanie C. , Lam Kevin , Huvard Michael J. , Schmid Pirmin , Flegel Willy A. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDHuman neutrophil antigen‐3a (HNA‐3a) alloantibodies can cause severe transfusion‐related acute lung injury. The frequencies of the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicative of the two clinically relevant HNA‐3a/b antigens are known in many populations. In this study, we determined the full‐length nucleotide sequence of common SLC44A2 alleles encoding the choline transporter–like protein‐2 that harbors HNA‐3a/b antigens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA method was devised to determine the full‐length coding sequence (CDS) and adjacent intron sequences from genomic DNA by eight polymerase chain reaction amplifications covering all 22 SLC44A2 exons. Samples from 200 African American, 96 Caucasian, two Hispanic, and four Asian blood donors were analyzed. We developed a decision tree to determine alleles (confirmed haplotypes) from the genotype data.RESULTSA total of 10 SNPs were detected in the SLC44A2 CDS. The noncoding sequences harbored an additional 28 SNPs (one in the 5′‐untranslated region [UTR]; 23 in the introns; and four in the 3′‐UTR). No SNP indicative of a nonfunctional allele was detected. The nucleotide sequences for 30 SLC44A2 alleles (haplotypes) were confirmed. There may be 66 haplotypes among the 604 chromosomes screened.CONCLUSIONSWe found 38 SNPs, including one novel SNP, in 8192 nucleotides covering the CDS of the SLC44A2 gene among 302 blood donors. Population frequencies of these SNPs were established for African Americans and Caucasians. Because alleles encoding HNA‐3b are more common than non‐functional SLC44A2 alleles, we confirmed our previous postulate that African American donors are less likely to form HNA‐3a antibodies compared to Caucasians.
Unilateral ventral strabismus in an aquarium Silver Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)
Authors: Chow Derek W.Y. , Westermeyer Hans D. , Fernando Nimal , Hoey Seamus , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn adult silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) presented with a 2‐month history of acute onset ventral strabismus of the right eye associated with a cystic structure overlying the dorsal aspect of the globe. Aspiration of the cyst, removal of redundant conjunctival tissue, and apposition of the surgical edges of the conjunctiva did not correct the strabismus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head and histopathology of the eye did not reveal significant differences between affected and unaffected eyes except for a more posterior dorsal rectus muscle insertion site in the affected eye. This case report documents and describes a syndrome well known among arowana hobbyists as ‘drop eye’.
Pharmacodynamic Profiling of a Siderophore-Conjugated Monocarbam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Assessing the Risk for Resistance and Attenuated Efficacy
Authors: Kim Aryun , Kutschke Amy , Ehmann David E. , Patey Sara A. , Crandon Jared L. , Gorseth Elise , Miller Alita A. , McLaughlin Robert E. , Blinn Christina M. , Chen April , Nayar Asha S. , Dangel Brian , Tsai Andy S. , Rooney Michael T. , Murphy-Benenato Kerry E. , Eakin Ann E. , Nicolau David P. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of attenuated efficacy due to adaptive resistance for the siderophore-conjugated monocarbam SMC-3176 in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
by using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach. MICs were determined in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and in Chelex-treated, dialyzed MHB (CDMHB). Spontaneous resistance was assessed at 2× to 16× the MIC and the resulting mutants sequenced. Efficacy was evaluated in a neutropenic mouse thigh model at 3.13 to 400 mg/kg of body weight every 3 h for 24 h and analyzed for association with free time above the MIC (
fT
>MIC). To closer emulate the conditions of the
in vivo
model, we developed a novel assay testing activity mouse whole blood (WB). All mutations were found in genes related to iron uptake:
piuA
,
piuC
,
pirR
,
fecI
, and
pvdS
. Against four
P. aeruginosa
isolates, SMC-3176 displayed predictable efficacy corresponding to the
fT
>MIC using the MIC in CDMHB (
R
2
= 0.968 to 0.985), with stasis to 2-log kill achieved at 59.4 to 81.1%. Efficacy did not translate for
P. aeruginosa
isolate JJ 4-36, as the
in vivo
responses were inconsistent with
fT
>MIC exposures and implied a threshold concentration that was greater than the MIC. The results of the mouse WB assay indicated that efficacy was not predictable using the MIC for JJ 4-36 and four additional isolates, against which
in vivo
failures of another siderophore-conjugated β-lactam were previously reported. SMC-3176 carries a risk of attenuated efficacy in
P. aeruginosa
due to rapid adaptive resistance preventing entry via the siderophore-mediated iron uptake systems. Substantial
in vivo
testing is warranted for compounds using the siderophore approach to thoroughly screen for this
in vitro-in vivo
disconnect in
P. aeruginosa
.
Parenteral Administration of Capsule Depolymerase EnvD Prevents Lethal Inhalation Anthrax Infection
Authors: Negus David , Vipond Julia , Hatch Graham J. , Rayner Emma L. , Taylor Peter W. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Left untreated, inhalation anthrax is usually fatal. Vegetative forms of
Bacillus anthracis
survive in blood and tissues during infection due to elaboration of a protective poly-γ-
d
-glutamic acid (PDGA) capsule that permits uncontrolled bacterial growth
in vivo
, eventually leading to overwhelming bacillosis and death. As a measure to counter threats from multidrug-resistant strains, we are evaluating the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the PDGA depolymerase EnvD, a stable and potent enzyme which rapidly and selectively removes the capsule from the surface of vegetative cells. Repeated intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg recombinant EnvD (rEnvD) to mice infected with lethal doses of
B. anthracis
Ames spores by inhalation prevented the emergence of symptoms of anthrax and death; all animals survived the 5-day treatment period, and 70% survived to the end of the 14-day observation period. In contrast to results in sham-treated animals, the lungs and spleen of rEnvD-dosed animals were free of gross pathological changes. We conclude that rEnvD has potential as an agent to prevent the emergence of inhalation anthrax in infected animals and is likely to be effective against drug-resistant forms of the pathogen.
Raltegravir Pharmacokinetics in Patients on Asunaprevir-Daclatasvir
Authors: Barrail-Tran Aurélie , Vincent Corine , Furlan Valérie , Rosa Isabelle , Rosenthal Eric , Cheret Antoine , Molina Jean-Michel , Taburet Anne-Marie , Piroth Lionel ,   for the ANRS HC30 QUADRIH Study Group
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Raltegravir pharmacokinetics was studied in 20 patients included in the ANRS HC30 QUADRIH Study before and after addition of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) quadritherapy, including pegylated-interferon–ribavirin and asunaprevir plus daclatasvir. Raltegravir pharmacokinetic parameters remained unchanged whether administered on or off anti-HCV therapy. In addition, concentrations of raltegravir, asunaprevir, and daclatasvir were not affected by liver cirrhosis. These data suggest that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV-coinfected patients, whether cirrhotic or not, asunaprevir and daclatasvir could be administered safely with raltegravir.
Roflumilast, a Type 4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Shows Promising Adjunctive, Host-Directed Therapeutic Activity in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis
Authors: Maiga Mariama C. , Ahidjo Bintou Ahmadou , Maiga Mamoudou , Bishai William R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
With phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) showing significant promise in shortening tuberculosis treatment, we assessed the effect of roflumilast, an FDA-approved type 4 PDE-I, in both acute and chronic murine models of tuberculosis. Alone, roflumilast had no effect on lung bacillary burden and mortality. However, when roflumilast was used in combination with isoniazid, a reduction in lung bacillary burden was observed. These data suggest that roflumilast may be a good candidate for tuberculosis host-directed therapy (HDT).
Helicobacter pylori Adaptation
In Vivo
in Response to a High-Salt Diet
Authors: Loh John T. , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Algood Holly M. Scott , Gaudieri Silvana , Mallal Simon , Cover Timothy L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
exhibits a high level of intraspecies genetic diversity. In this study, we investigated whether the diversification of
H. pylori
is influenced by the composition of the diet. Specifically, we investigated the effect of a high-salt diet (a known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma) on
H. pylori
diversification within a host. We analyzed
H. pylori
strains isolated from Mongolian gerbils fed either a high-salt diet or a regular diet for 4 months by proteomic and whole-genome sequencing methods. Compared to the input strain and output strains from animals fed a regular diet, the output strains from animals fed a high-salt diet produced higher levels of proteins involved in iron acquisition and oxidative-stress resistance. Several of these changes were attributable to a nonsynonymous mutation in
fur
(
fur-R88H
). Further experiments indicated that this mutation conferred increased resistance to high-salt conditions and oxidative stress. We propose a model in which a high-salt diet leads to high levels of gastric inflammation and associated oxidative stress in
H. pylori
-infected animals and that these conditions, along with the high intraluminal concentrations of sodium chloride, lead to selection of
H. pylori
strains that are most fit for growth in this environment.
Outer Surface Protein OspC Is an Antiphagocytic Factor That Protects Borrelia burgdorferi from Phagocytosis by Macrophages
Authors: Carrasco Sebastian E. , Troxell Bryan , Yang Youyun , Brandt Stephanie L. , Li Hongxia , Sandusky George E. , Condon Keith W. , Serezani C. Henrique , Yang X. Frank 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTOuter surface protein C (OspC) is one of the major lipoproteins expressed on the surface ofBorrelia burgdorferiduring tick feeding and the early phase of mammalian infection. OspC is required forB. burgdorferito establish infection in both immunocompetent and SCID mice and has been proposed to facilitate evasion of innate immune defenses. However, the exact biological function of OspC remains elusive. In this study, we showed that theospC-deficient spirochete could not establish infection in NOD-scid IL2rγnullmice that lack B cells, T cells, NK cells, and lytic complement. TheospCmutant also could not establish infection in anti-Ly6G-treated SCID and C3H/HeN mice (depletion of neutrophils). However, depletion of mononuclear phagocytes at the skin site of inoculation in SCID and C3H/HeN mice allowed theospCmutant to establish infectionin vivo. In phagocyte-depleted mice, theospCmutant was able to colonize the joints and triggered neutrophilia during dissemination. Furthermore, we found that phagocytosis of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressingospCmutant spirochetes by murine peritoneal macrophages and human THP-1 macrophage-like cells, but not in PMN-HL60, was significantly higher than parental wild-typeB. burgdorferistrains, suggesting that OspC has an antiphagocytic property. In addition, overproduction of OspC in spirochetes also decreased the uptake of spirochetes by murine peritoneal macrophages. Together, our findings provide evidence that mononuclear phagocytes play a key role in clearance of theospCmutant and that OspC promotes spirochetes' evasion of macrophages during early Lyme borreliosis.
Laser Acupuncture before Heel Lancing for Pain Management in Healthy Term Newborns: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Abbasoglu Aslihan , Cabioglu Mehmet Tugrul , Tugcu Ali Ulas , Yapakci Ece , Tekindal Mustafa Agah , Tarcan Aylin 
Published: October 2015

Background Healthy term newborns commonly undergo painful procedures during routine follow-up visits. Non-pharmacological strategies have currently become more important than pharmacological analgesic agents in neonatal pain management. Acupuncture is a new non-pharmacological method for preventing pain in newborns. Objective We aimed to investigate the effect of laser acupuncture (LA) at the Yintang point before heel lancing as a non-pharmacological intervention for procedural pain management in infants. Methods Forty-two term newborns, who were undergoing heel lancing between postnatal days 3 to 8 as part of routine neonatal screening, were randomly assigned to the LA group or the oral sucrose group. In the LA group, 2 min before the heel lancing, 0.3 J of energy was applied to the Yintang point using a Laser PREMIO-30 unit for 30 s. In the sucrose group, each infant received 0.5 mL of 24% sucrose orally via syringe 2 min before the heel lancing. Each baby's behaviour was scored using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), assessed blinded to group. Results There were no significant differences between the LA and oral sucrose groups with respect to means for gestational week of age at birth, birth weight, actual weight, or Apgar score. Mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the LA group; however, mean crying time was longer and NIPS score was lower compared to the oral sucrose group. Conclusions Our results indicate that 0.3 J of LA at the Yintang point before heel lancing is less effective than oral sucrose for reducing the discomfort of this procedure. Trial Registration Number KA14/09.
Auricular Acupuncture for Pre-Exam Anxiety in Medical Students: A Prospective Observational Pilot Investigation
Authors: Klausenitz Catharina , Hesse Thomas , Hacker Henriette , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Usichenko Taras 
Published: October 2015

Objective Auricular acupuncture (AA) is effective for the treatment of preoperative anxiety. We aimed to study the feasibility and effects of AA on exam anxiety in a prospective observational pilot study. Methods Healthy medical students received bilateral AA using indwelling fixed needles at points MA-IC1, MA-TF1, MA-SC, MA-AH7, and MA-T on the day before an anatomy exam. The needles were removed after the exam. Anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS-100) before and after the AA intervention and once again immediately before the exam. The duration of sleep on the night before the exam was recorded and compared to that over the preceding 1 week and 6 months (all through students’ recollection). In addition, blood pressure, heart rate and the acceptability of AA to the students were recorded. Results Ten students (all female) were included in the final analysis. All tolerated the needles well and stated they would wish to receive AA again for exam anxiety in the future. Exam anxiety measured using both STAI and VAS-100 decreased by almost 20% after AA. Conclusions AA was well accepted, the outcome measurement was feasible, and the results have facilitated the calculation of the sample size for a subsequent randomised controlled trial.
Spatial spillover effects of a community action programme targeting on-licensed premises on violent assaults: evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Brännström Lars , Trolldal Björn , Menke Martin 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundSpatial dependencies may influence the success of community action strategies to prevent and reduce harmful alcohol use. This study examined the effectiveness of a multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) programme targeting on-licensed premises on police-recorded assaults in Swedish municipalities. It was expected that the implementation of the programme within any given municipality had an indirect effect by reducing violent assaults in adjacent municipalities.MethodsThis study was a natural experiment exploiting the temporal and spatial variation in the implementation of the RBS programme to predict change in the rate of violent assaults in all Swedish municipalities during 1996–2009 (n=288; T=14; N=4 032). Yearly police-recorded violent assaults per 100 000 inhabitants aged 15 and above committed on weekend nights were used as a dependent variable. Programme fidelity was identified by means of survey data. A semilogarithmic fixed-effects spatial panel regression model was used to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of the programme.ResultsThe direct, indirect and total effects were −1.8% (95% CI −4.4% to 0.8%), −5.8% (95% CI −11.5% to −0.1%) and −7.6% (95% CI −13.2% to −2.2%), respectively. Averaged over time and across all municipalities, implementing one additional programme component in all municipalities will thus reduce violent assaults in one typical municipality by nearly 8%.ConclusionsThe indirect effect of the programme was three times larger than its direct effect. Failing to account for such local spillover effects can result in a considerable underestimation of the programme's total impact and may lead to erroneous policy recommendations.
Systematic oral hydration with water is similar to parenteral hydration for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: an updated meta-analysis of randomised clinical data
Authors: Agarwal Shiv Kumar , Mohareb Sameh , Patel Achint , Yacoub Rabi , DiNicolantonio James J , Konstantinidis Ioannis , Pathak Ambarish , Fnu Shailesh , Annapureddy Narender , Simoes Priya K , Kamat Sunil , El-Hayek Georges , Prasad Ravi , Kumbala Damodar , Nascimento Rhanderson M , Reilly John P , Nadkarni Girish N , Benjo Alexandre M 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundContrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third most common cause of hospital-acquired kidney injury and is related to increased long-term morbidity and mortality. Adequate intravenous (IV) hydration has been demonstrated to lessen its occurrence. Oral (PO) hydration with water is inexpensive and readily available but its role for CIN prevention is yet to be determined.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched until April 2015 and studies were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. All randomised clinical trials with head-to-head comparison between PO and IV hydration were included.ResultsA total of 5 studies with 477 patients were included in the analysis, 255 of those receiving PO water. The incidence of CIN was statistically similar in the IV and PO arms (7.7% and 8.2%, respectively; relative risk 0.97; 95% CI 0.36 to 2.94; p=0.95). The incidence of CIN was statistically similar in the IV and PO arms in patients with chronic kidney disease and with normal renal function. Rise in creatinine at 48–72 h was lower in the PO hydration group compared with IV hydration (pooled standard mean difference 0.04; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.06; p<0.001; I2=62%).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis shows that systematic PO hydration with water is at least as effective as IV hydration with saline to prevent CIN. PO hydration is cheaper and more easily administered than IV hydration, thus making it more attractive and just as effective.
Crizotinib Synergizes with Chemotherapy in Preclinical Models of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Krytska Kateryna , Ryles Hannah T. , Sano Renata , Raman Pichai , Infarinato Nicole R. , Hansel Theodore D. , Makena Monish R. , Song Michael M. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Mossé Yael P. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The presence of an ALK aberration correlates with inferior survival for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. The emergence of ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib has provided novel treatment opportunities. However, certain ALK mutations result in de novo crizotinib resistance, and a phase I trial of crizotinib showed a lack of response in patients harboring those ALK mutations. Thus, understanding mechanisms of resistance and defining circumvention strategies for the clinic is critical.
Experimental Design: The sensitivity of human neuroblastoma–derived cell lines, cell line–derived, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with varying ALK statuses to crizotinib combined with topotecan and cyclophosphamide (topo/cyclo) was examined. Cultured cells and xenografts were evaluated for effects of these drugs on proliferation, signaling, and cell death, and assessment of synergy.
Results: In neuroblastoma murine xenografts harboring the most common ALK mutations, including those mutations associated with resistance to crizotinib (but not in those with wild-type ALK), crizotinib combined with topo/cyclo enhanced tumor responses and mouse event-free survival. Crizotinib + topo/cyclo showed synergistic cytotoxicity and higher caspase-dependent apoptosis than crizotinib or topo/cyclo alone in neuroblastoma cell lines with ALK aberrations (mutation or amplification).
Conclusions: Combining crizotinib with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in treating newly diagnosed patients with high-risk neuroblastoma restores sensitivity in preclinical models harboring both sensitive ALK aberrations and de novo–resistant ALK mutations. These data support clinical testing of crizotinib and conventional chemotherapy with the goal of integrating ALK inhibition into multiagent therapy for ALK-aberrant neuroblastoma patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 948–60. ©2015 AACR.