bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Team identity and performance‐based compensation effects on performance
Authors: Blazovich Janell L. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether team members work harder and perform better when they are compensated based on both team and individual performance than either alone and whether teammates' familiarity with one another influences the effectiveness of the compensation scheme.Design/methodology/approachFour‐member ad hoc student teams repeatedly complete an interdependent task on the computer in an experiment which manipulates individual compensation plan, team compensation plan, and teammate familiarity.FindingsResults indicate that offering a combination of individual and team performance‐based compensation results in comparable performance under both strong and weak team identity, suggesting that the lower productivity levels associated with weak team identity can be overcome with performance‐based compensation.Research limitations/implicationsThe data are collected from an experimental game created to resemble one interdependent production environment, thus reducing the generalizability of the results. An experimental environment was chosen because it allowed testing of only the variables of interest – team compensation, individual compensation, and team identity, while holding other factors (i.e. task and compensation variation) constant.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that, regardless of team identity, firms can benefit from offering both team and individual performance‐based compensation.Originality/valueThis study examines individual and team compensation simultaneously, in contrast to studying each in isolation. Additionally, this study investigates whether teammate familiarity moderates the effect of performance‐based compensation on performance.
Analysis of long‐term survival after hepatectomy for isolated liver metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Authors: Cheung Tan To , Chok Kenneth S. H. , Chan Albert C. Y. , Yau Thomas C. C. , Chan See Ching , Poon Ronnie T. P. , Fan Sheung Tat , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the treatment of liver metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), the role of hepatectomy is controversial. This study tried to identify such role by investigating the immediate and long‐term surgical outcomes.MethodsData of patients who underwent hepatectomy to treat their metastatic disease were reviewed. Patients whose liver tumours were confirmed to be metastatic GISTs were included for analysis. Clinicopathological characteristics of the primary disease, time of metastasis development and modes of treatment were recorded. Immediate outcome and long‐term survival after hepatectomy were analysed.ResultsTen patients were confirmed to have isolated liver metastasis of GIST. Their median age was 61 (42–74) years. All of them had normal liver function and no cirrhosis. Seven patients received major hepatectomy and three patients received minor hepatectomy. The median operation time was 319.5 (122–735) min. The median tumor size was 5.5 (1.5–15) cm. No hospital death occurred. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates were 100, 75 and 50%, respectively and the corresponding disease‐free survival rates were 70, 42 and 14%, respectively.ConclusionTreating isolated liver metastasis of GIST with hepatectomy is effective and safe. Favourable long‐term overall survival and disease‐free survival can be achieved.
Stage managing bipolar disorder
Authors: Berk Michael , Berk Lesley , Dodd Seetal , Cotton Sue , Macneil Craig , Daglas Rothanthi , Conus Philippe , Bechdolf Andreas , Moylan Steven , Malhi Gin S 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesClinical staging is widespread in medicine – it informs prognosis, clinical course, and treatment, and assists individualized care. Staging places an individual on a probabilistic continuum of increasing potential disease severity, ranging from clinically at‐risk or latency stage through first threshold episode of illness or recurrence, and, finally, to late or end‐stage disease. The aim of the present paper was to examine and update the evidence regarding staging in bipolar disorder, and how this might inform targeted and individualized intervention approaches.MethodsWe provide a narrative review of the relevant information.ResultsIn bipolar disorder, the validity of staging is informed by a range of findings that accompany illness progression, including neuroimaging data suggesting incremental volume loss, cognitive changes, and a declining likelihood of response to pharmacological and psychosocial treatments. Staging informs the adoption of a number of approaches, including the active promotion of both indicated prevention for at‐risk individuals and early intervention strategies for newly diagnosed individuals, and the tailored implementation of treatments according to the stage of illness.ConclusionsThe nature of bipolar disorder implies the presence of an active process of neuroprogression that is considered to be at least partly mediated by inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and changes in neurogenesis. It further supports the concept of neuroprotection, in that a diversity of agents have putative effects against these molecular targets. Clinically, staging suggests that the at‐risk state or first episode is a period that requires particularly active and broad‐based treatment, consistent with the hope that the temporal trajectory of the illness can be altered. Prompt treatment may be potentially neuroprotective and attenuate the neurostructural and neurocognitive changes that emerge with chronicity. Staging highlights the need for interventions at a service delivery level and implementing treatments at the earliest stage of illness possible.
Radical prostatectomy vs radiotherapy vs observation among older patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: a comparative effectiveness evaluation
Authors: Sun Maxine , Sammon Jesse D. , Becker Andreas , Roghmann Florian , Tian Zhe , Kim Simon P. , Larouche Alexandre , Abdollah Firas , Hu Jim C. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To compare efficacy between radical prostatectomy (RP), radiotherapy and observation with respect to overall survival (OS) in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa).
Methods
Using data (1988–2005) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked database, 67 087 men with localized PCa were identified.
The prevalence of the initial treatment strategy was quantified according to patients' life expectancy ([LE] <10 vs ≥10 years) at initial diagnosis and according to tumour stage. To reduce the unmeasured bias associated with treatment, we performed an instrumental variable analysis.
Stratified (by stage and LE) Cox regression and competing‐risks regression analyses were generated for the prediction of OS and cancer‐specific mortality, respectively.
Results
Among patients with <10 years of LE, most were treated with radiotherapy (49%) or observation (47%). Among patients with ≥10 years of LE, most received radiotherapy (49%), followed by RP (26%).
In men with <10 years of LE, RP and radiotherapy were not different with respect to OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–1.48, P = 0.499). Conversely, in men with ≥10 years of LE, RP was associated with an improved OS compared with observation (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49–0.71, P < 0.001) and radiotherapy (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56–0.79, P < 0.001).
Similar results were recorded in competing‐risks regression analyses.
Conclusion
In patients with an estimated LE ≥10 years at initial diagnosis, RP was associated with improved survival compared with radiotherapy and observation, regardless of disease stage.
Prognostic significance of venous tumour thrombus consistency in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: Weiss Valerie L. , Braun Martin , Perner Sven , Harz Andreas , Vorreuther Roland , Kristiansen Glen , Müller Stefan C. , Ellinger Jörg 
Published: June 2013

Objectives
To identify the prognostic impact of venous tumour thrombus (VTT) in locally advanced renal cell carcinomas (RCCs).
To further differentiate the clinical course of patients with VTT who have similar clinicopathological characteristics.
Patients and Methods
We determined the VTT consistency (solid vs friable) in a retrospective cohort of 200 patients with RCC who had undergone nephrectomy between 1994 and 2011.
We examined the correlation of VTT consistency in these patients with clinical and pathological variables.
Results
A total of 65% of the patients had solid VTT and 35% had friable VTT, which has a significantly lower amount of cell‐cell adhesion molecules and connective tissue than solid VTT.
We found that friable VTT was associated with advanced pT stage, higher VTT level, papillary RCC subtype and a lower age.
Patients with friable VTT had a significantly shorter median overall survival than those with solid VTT (29 vs 89 months), but VTT consistency was not found to be an independent predictor of patients' survival in the multivariate Cox analysis.
We found that VTT consistency was an independent significant predictor of overall survival in patients without evidence of distant and nodal metastases (N = 119).
Conclusions
The VTT consistency is caused by the tumour and not by different surgical handling.
Friable VTT is an important adverse prognostic predictor of overall survival in patients with non‐metastatic RCC.
Why Do Only Some Institutionalized Children Become Indiscriminately Friendly? Insights From the Study of Williams Syndrome
Authors: Soares Isabel , Belsky Jay , Mesquita Ana R. , Osório Ana , Sampaio Adriana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhy do some institutionalized children develop indiscriminate behavior (IB) while others do not? Considering children with Williams syndrome (WS) may provide an answer because IB has been observed routinely among individuals with this rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. By conceiving WS as a natural genetic model that mimics the indiscriminate phenotype and, more importantly, is associated with the deletion of genes in a specific region, we propose an integrative conceptual framework that underscores the dynamic developmental interplay between genes, endophenotypes, and environment. In this article, we consider the etiology of IB among institutionalized children, which emphasizes environmental factors, followed by the effect of such behavior on WS children's hypersociability, which highlights the crosstalk between genes and neuropsychological features in programming their distinctive social‐emotional and behavioral phenotype. We propose new hypotheses regarding the etiopathogeny of IBs in institutionalized children, particularly the prediction of specific Gene × Environment interactions.
Patient perception of skin-cancer prevention and risk after liver transplantation
Authors: Thomas B. R. , Barnabas A. , Agarwal K. , Aluvihare V. , Suddle A. R. , Higgins E. M. , O'Grady J. G. , Heaton N. D. , Heneghan M. A. 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Introduction
Sun exposure is a major risk factor for the development of skin cancer. This is particularly relevant in immunosuppressed liver-transplant recipients (LTRs). Preventative strategies may help minimize the skin-cancer risk in this patient group.
Methods
We assessed 670 patients in our post-transplant clinic, using questionnaires. Patient data were collected, and we assessed whether patients had received education (such as formal talks or information from transplant coordinators or from hepatologists) on skin, sun exposure and skin cancer. In a subset of 280 of the LTRs who responded, we recorded their recall of sun-protection advice and assessed the level of patient adherence to such advice.
Results
The response rate was 57.5% (349/607), with a mean responder age of 51.1 years (range 19–84) and an average post-transplant time of 7.1 years (range 0–27). In the recall assessment, 37.2% reported that they were given advice about their skin, while 18.1% were seen by a dermatologist, and education on sun exposure and the risks of skin cancer was given to 65.6% and 47.9%, respectively. Over three-quarters (78%; 185/280) of the patients used mechanical sun protection (i.e. hats/clothing), while 66% reported using sunscreen; 31.8% of these used a sunscreen of the recommended sun protection factor (SPF) of &gt; 30. Twelve patients had developed squamous cell carcinoma after a mean of 10.9 years (1–23) post-transplant; half of these had used either no sunscreen or one with an SPF of &lt; 15.
Conclusions
Despite the fact that LTRs are given information on sun-exposure and SC before and after transplantation, recall of such advice and use of sun-protection methods was only moderate, indicating that regular reinforcement of SC education is needed.
The impact of minimum wages on employment of low‐wage workers
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study provides empirical evidence on the impact of a minimum wage increase on employment of workers in the formal sector who have wages below the minimum level in Vietnam. Using the difference‐in‐differences with propensity score matching and the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys of 2004 and 2006, the article finds that the minimum wage increase in 2005 reduced the proportion of workers having a formal sector job among low‐wage workers. Most workers who lost formal sector jobs became self‐employed.
Ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae:Scolytinae andPlatypodinae) onFagus crenata Blume: community structure, seasonal population trends and resource utilization patterns
Authors: Iidzuka Hiroaki , Goto Hideaki , Yamasaki Michimasa , Osawa Naoya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAmbrosia beetles (manyScolytinae and allPlatypodinae) are one of the most important insect pests for forestry worldwide, but little is known about the community structure of ambrosia beetles in terms of their vertical variations and resource utilization. We clarified the community structure and seasonal population trends of ambrosia beetles on 11 living and three newly deadFagus crenata Blume trees using individual tube traps placed up to 10 m high fromMay toNovember in 2007 and 2008. We captured seven scolytine species (Ambrosiodmus lewisi(Blandford),Euwallacea validus(Eichhoff),Trypodendron proximum(Niisima),Xyleborinus saxeseni(Ratzeburg),Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff,Xylosandrus brevis(Eichhoff) andXylosandrus germanus(Blandford)) and three platypodine species (Crossotarsus niponicus Blandford,Platypus hamatus Blandford andPlatypus severini Blandford). The ambrosia beetles were suggested to breed at species‐specific height ranges, with the equal host resource use per individual among the species. Of the three major species,C. niponicus,P. hamatusandP. severini, two (C. niponicusand P.hamatus) had male‐biased sex ratios, which is considered a reproductive strategy to increase maternal fitness. Morphological characteristics of the mandibles may play an important role in the difference of sex roles on reproduction in the three major species.
Blue light irradiation suppresses dendritic cells activation in vitro
Authors: Fischer Michael R. , Abel Manuela , Lopez Kostka Susanna , Rudolph Berenice , Becker Detlef , von Stebut Esther 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBlue light is a UV‐free irradiation suitable for treating chronic skin inflammation, for example, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hand‐ and foot eczema. However, a better understanding of the mode of action is still missing. For this reason, we investigated whether dendritic cells (DC) are directly affected by blue light irradiation in vitro. Here, we report that irradiation neither induced apoptosis nor maturation of monocyte‐derived and myeloid DC. However, subsequent DC maturation upon LPS/IFNγ stimulation was impaired in a dose‐dependent manner as assessed by maturation markers and cytokine release. Moreover, the potential of this DC to induce cytokine secretion from allogeneic CD4 T cells was reduced. In conclusion, unlike UV irradiation, blue light irradiation at high and low doses only resulted in impaired DC maturation upon activation and a reduced subsequent stimulatory capacity in allogeneic MLRs with strongest effects at higher doses.
Clear, crashing, turbid and back – long‐term changes in macrophyte assemblages in a shallow lake
Authors: Hilt Sabine , Köhler Jan , Adrian Rita , Monaghan Michael T. , Sayer Carl D. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

During eutrophication, submerged macrophytes in temperate European shallow lakes are thought to undergo a sequence from seasonally ‘stable’ conditions characterised by high water clarity in spring and summer, through ‘crashing’ conditions where the water is clear in spring but dominated by phytoplankton in late summer, to ‘turbid’ conditions with year‐round phytoplankton dominance. However, it is not known whether this sequence is reversed during re‐oligotrophication and whether this contributes to the often observed delay in macrophyte recovery during lake restoration.

We analysed long‐term (100 years) data on macrophyte species presence, maximum colonisation depth, Secchi depth and seston concentration in shallow Lake Müggelsee during eutrophication from around 1900 and during re‐oligotrophication that started in 1990. The current clonal diversity of the dominant species (Potamogeton pectinatus) was investigated to determine whether vegetative dispersal was predominant during its re‐establishment.

During eutrophication, Lake Müggelsee went through a crashing phase for c. 70 years with a gradual decline in macrophyte species diversity from c. 24 to 5 species. From around 1970, the lake became turbid and was dominated by phytoplankton for the next 20 years. Following a reduction in external nutrient loading by 50% from 1990, spring clear‐water conditions immediately re‐appeared, and P. pectinatus started to re‐establish from a few stands that had survived in very shallow areas. By 2011, species diversity had increased to 25 species and maximum colonisation depth had reached 3.2 m. Despite a continuing dominance of P. pectinatus, seasonally persistent (Ceratophyllum demersum) and late‐season associated (Najas marina) species re‐appeared suggesting potential for seasonally stable macrophyte conditions in future.

Based on microsatellite analyses, more recently established P. pectinatus stands had lower genotype diversity and were comprised of only a small subset of genotypes from shallower areas, suggesting that vegetative dispersal was more important than seed dispersal for plant re‐establishment. We argue that this prevailing reproduction by tubers in combination with negative effects of herbivory and periphyton shading, shown for P. pectinatus in earlier studies in this lake, contributed to the long duration of macrophyte re‐establishment.
Trinity, Simplicity and the Status of God's Personal Relations
Authors: Dolezal James E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIt is commonly argued by Christian philosophers and theologians that the traditional doctrine of divine simplicity is incompatible with the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity. First, it would seem that the presence of relations in God suggests a composition of substance and accidents in him. Second, if all that is in God is God, as simplicity claims, then it would seem that one could not maintain the real distinctions between the divine persons, as the Trinity requires. In answer to these challenges this article seeks to recover Thomas Aquinas' and the Reformed scholastics' emphasis upon the subsistence and pure actuality of the personal relations in God. The article concludes that while God's personal relations are really distinct from each other, there is no real distinction between the personal relations and the divine substance and that the Trinity and the doctrine of divine simplicity are thus agreeable.
Arresting hospitality: the case of the ‘handshake in space’
Authors: BATTAGLIA DEBBORA 
Published: June 2013

The diplomatic event which symbolically terminated the Space Race was a high‐risk mission on low Earth orbit which came to be known as the Apollo‐Soyuz ‘handshake in space’. Designed as an act of détente to literally and figuratively transcend national borders and technocultural differences, the mission in the end transcended itself in denying any but space nature –‘space‐as‐itself’– the sovereignty of hosting. Humorous exchanges between astronauts and cosmonauts illustrate how the ‘risk exchange economy’ of the human space flight programme performed what might be termed an extra‐territorial ethics of hospitality, with far‐reaching implications for mapping possible worlds of nature‐culture accountability.RésuméL'événement diplomatique qui mit fin symboliquement à la course à l'espace fut une mission à haut risque en orbite terrestre basse, la « rencontre dans l'espace » entre Apollo et Soyouz. Qualifiée d'acte de détente, transcendant au sens propre comme au sens figuré les frontières nationales et les différences technoculturelles, la mission a fini par se transcender elle‐même en déniant à tout ce qui n'était pas la nature de l'espace, l'espace « en lui‐même », la souveraineté de l'accueil. Les échanges de plaisanteries entre astronautes et cosmonautes illustrent la manière dont « l'économie d'échange des risques » du programme de vols spatiaux habités réalisait ce que l'on pourrait appeler une éthique extraterritoriale de l'hospitalité, dont les implications vont très loin dans l'élaboration de mondes possibles de responsabilité envers la nature‐culture.
The experimental hut: hosting vectors
Authors: KELLY ANN H. 
Published: June 2013

In southeast Tanzania, ten canvas huts raised on wooden foundations occupy a plot of cleared rice field. Designed to simulate malaria transmission on the domestic scale, the experimental hut is constructed in the fashion of indigenous homes (complete with villagers, paid to spend the night), but is structurally modified to render mosquito behaviours visible. The experiment's domestic camouflage provides the setting for multiple, and reciprocal, hostings: between parasite, mosquito, and human, and between villagers, volunteers, and scientists. This paper explores the valences of hospitality when the ‘home’ becomes a site of experimentation, and the cosmopolitan encounters these experiments entail.RésuméDans le sud‐est de la Tanzanie, dix cases en toile dressées sur des fondations en bois occupent une parcelle de rizière dégagée. Conçue pour simuler la transmission du paludisme à l'échelle domestique, la case expérimentale est construite à la manière des maisons indigènes (avec même des villageois, payés pour y passer la nuit), mais sa structure est modifiée de façon à rendre le comportement des moustiques visible. Le camouflage domestique de l'expérience crée le cadre de multiples hébergements réciproques : entre le parasite, le moustique et l'homme, entre villageois, bénévoles et scientifiques. Le présent article explore les valences de l'hospitalité quand « la maison » devient un lieu d'expérimentation, ainsi que les rencontres cosmopolites qu'impliquent ces expériences.