bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of adenosine and adenosine receptor antagonist on Müller cell potassium channel in Rat chronic ocular hypertension models
Authors: Yang Zijian , Huang Ping , Liu Xiaohong , Huang Shouyue , Deng Lianfu , Jin Zhe , Xu Shuo , Shen Xi , Luo Xunda , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMüller cells are principal glial cells in rat retina and have attracted much attention in glaucoma studies. However, it is not clear whether adenosine and adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists play any roles in the regulation of potassium channels in Müller cells and subsequently in the promotion of glutamine synthetase (GS) and L-Glutamate/L-Aspartate Transporter (GLAST) functions. We found that chronic ocular hypertension (COH) in rat down-regulated Müller cells Kir2.1, Kir4.1, TASK-1, GS and GLAST expressions and attenuated the peak of inward potassium current. Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) count was lower in the COH rats than that in the sham operation animals. Intravitreal injection of selective A2A AR antagonist SCH442416 up-regulated Müller cell Kir4.1, TASK-1, GS and GLAST expressions and enhanced inward potassium currents compared with those in the COH rats with vehicle control. Meanwhile, the RGC count was higher following intravitreal injection of SCH442416 in the COH rats than that after vehicle injection. The fact that PKA inhibitor H-89 blocked these SCH442416 effects suggested that the PKA signaling pathway was involved in the observed ocular responses following the intravitreal SCH442416 injection.
Comparing usage between dynamic and static e-reference collections
Authors: Lamothe Alain R 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this article was to present the results of a quantitative analysis that compared usage levels between an e-reference collection that has experienced continual updated content and growth and an e-reference collection that has not experienced any recent changes. The aim of the study was to determine quantitatively if e-reference collections with dynamic content experience greater levels of usage compared to e-reference collections that are static in both size and content.Design/methodology/approach– E-reference data were separated into a dynamic collection and a static collection. Usage for e-reference belonging to the dynamic collection was compared to usage of e-reference belonging to the static collection. The number of e-reference was obtained by simple count. Additional statistics tracked include the number of viewings. A linear regression analysis was used to determine the strength of the linear relationship between collection size and usage.Findings– Results indicate that e-reference collections that continue to grow in both size and content also continue to experience year-to-year increases in usage. E-reference collections that remain static in size and content experienced a decline in usage. A linear regression analysis indicates the existence of an extremely strong linear relationship between dynamic content and usage. A weaker linear relationship was calculated for static content.Originality/value– To this author’s knowledge, this research is the first to systematically and quantitatively compare usage levels between e-reference titles from growing collections to collections that have not had any new titles added recently.
“Masked crusader”: a case study of “crime-fighting” activities by a “real-life superhero”
Authors: Iouchkov Vladislav , Birch Philip 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine informal social control, vigilantism, and bystander intervention with reference to the Real-Life Superhero (RLSH) movement/community.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a qualitative case study in which an in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with a member of the RLSH community.

Findings
– This paper conceptualises RLSH activity as a novel approach to informal social control and bystander intervention, whilst revealing the inaccuracy of the media-imposed “vigilante” stigma attributed to RLSHs.

Research limitations/implications
– Clarifying the goals and methods of RLSHs as striving to be pro-social and law-abiding in nature creates an avenue for dialogue between RLSHs and local justice agencies to establish a working partnership for community safety, thereby mediating interactions between informal and formal agents of social control.

Practical implications
– Justice agencies to engage with all individuals and groups who are performing community safety/crime prevention functions in a more effective and inclusive way. To ensure formal and informal mechanisms of social control, and the wider community, recognise, and legitimise the RLSH movement in community safety policy and practice. Reconsider the use of the term “vigilantism” and how it is it applied to individuals and community groups involved in community safety policy and practice. This case study presents a unique approach to community safety and crime prevention that can be extended within this public safety philosophy and practice.

Originality/value
– This study is a contribution to a small but growing body of research concerning the RLSH movement/community.
Detection of retinal changes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease using high‐resolution optical coherence tomography and heidelberg retina tomography
Authors: Bittersohl Diana , Stemplewitz Birthe , Keserü Matthias , Buhmann Carsten , Richard Gisbert , Hassenstein Andrea 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThe study was performed to analyse the retina of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) for morphological changes compared to healthy controls (HC) using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.MethodsWe enrolled 108 patients with idiopathic PD and 165 HC. All study participants underwent an ophthalmological examination to exclude ophthalmological disorder potentially interfering with the retinal analyses. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness and volume were measured by a SD‐OCT device (Heidelberg Spectralis®). Stereometric parameters of the optic disc were acquired by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT III).ResultsThe RNFL thickness did not significantly differ between patients with PD and HC. The thickness of the central minimum and the centre of the macular area were significantly reduced in patients with PD, while the total macular volume did not significantly differ between the groups. Furthermore, we noted an inverse correlation between the central minimum thickness and the disease severity (assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr scale). HRT data showed no significant differences.ConclusionThe HRT device and the RNFL measurements of the SD‐OCT did not prove to be a clinically valid diagnostic tool to distinguish eyes of patients with PD and HC. However, the macular region and especially the foveola (central minimum) with the highest density of photoreceptor cells seem to be more sensitive and might be potential biomarkers.
Scanning laser polarimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography for the detection of retinal changes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Stemplewitz Birthe , Keserü Matthias , Bittersohl Diana , Buhmann Carsten , Skevas Christos , Richard Gisbert , Hassenstein Andrea 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeWhether retinal degeneration is part of the degenerative processes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unclear. This cross‐sectional study was undertaken to compare the retinal morphology of patients with PD and healthy controls using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP).MethodsBoth eyes of patients with PD (n = 108) and healthy controls (n = 165) were examined using SD‐OCT and SLP on the same day. Data on the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) of all quadrants and the macular area were acquired by OCT (Cirrus, Zeiss). The SLP device (Glaucoma diagnostics (GDx), Zeiss) measured the RNFL and calculated the nerve fibre index (NFI). All patients and probands were checked for concomitant ocular disorders by an ophthalmologist. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), objective refraction and the anterior and posterior segment were assessed.ResultsPatients with PD showed a reduced macular volume and a reduced central subfield thickness in OCT examinations. The RNFL in the different quadrants did not differ significantly from that of controls. SLP data showed a reduced average RNFL thickness, a decreased thickness of the inferior quadrant and an increase of the NFI in patients with PD.ConclusionPD may be associated with reduced thickness and volume of the macula and a reduced thickness of the RNFL in the inferior quadrant of the retina. Investigations using SD‐OCT and SLP revealed distinct but significant differences between patients with PD and healthy controls.
Molecular architecture of the stria vascularis membrane transport system, which is essential for physiological functions of the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Uetsuka Satoru , Ogata Genki , Nagamori Shushi , Isozumi Noriyoshi , Nin Fumiaki , Yoshida Takamasa , Komune Shizuo , Kitahara Tadashi , Kikkawa Yoshiaki , Inohara Hidenori , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Hibino Hiroshi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStria vascularis of the mammalian cochlea transports K+ to establish the electrochemical property in the endolymph crucial for hearing. This epithelial tissue also transports various small molecules. To clarify the profile of proteins participating in the transport system in the stria vascularis, membrane components purified from the stria of adult rats were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Of the 3236 proteins detected in the analysis, 1807 were membrane proteins. Ingenuity Knowledge Base and literature data identified 513 proteins as being expressed on the ‘plasma membrane’, these included 25 ion channels and 79 transporters. Sixteen of the former and 62 of the latter had not yet been identified in the stria. Unexpectedly, many Cl− and Ca2+ transport systems were found, suggesting that the dynamics of these ions play multiple roles. Several transporters for organic substances were also detected. Network analysis demonstrated that a few kinases, including protein kinase A, and Ca2+ were key regulators for the strial transports. In the library of channels and transporters, 19 new candidates for uncloned deafness‐related genes were identified. These resources provide a platform for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial transport essential for cochlear function and the pathophysiological processes involved in hearing disorders.
Sociomaterial Texts, Spaces and Devices: Questioning ‘Digital Dualism’ in Library and Study Practices
Authors: Gourlay Lesley , Lanclos Donna M. , Oliver Martin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWork on students' study practices posits the digital and material as separate domains, with the ‘digital’ assumed to be disembodied, decontextualised and free‐floating, and spaces in the material campus positioned as prototypically ‘traditional’ and analogue. Libraries in particular are often characterised as symbolic of predigital literacy practices and forms of meaning making. This binary oversimplifies student engagement, particularly in relation to their creation of and interactions with texts. Two studies illustrate this: an investigation of student and staff textual practices that explored the complex and emergent networks they created, adapted and maintained; and one that explored perceptions and use of library spaces (digital and physical). A sociomaterial analysis shows the ongoing importance of institutional, personal and public spaces. This demonstrates that in order to enhance the student experience, a more nuanced understanding of the complex, emergent relationships between digital and print, device and user, and author and text is required.
Cell‐mediated anti‐Gag immunity in pharmacologically induced functional cure of simian AIDS: a ‘bottleneck effect’?
Authors: Shytaj Iart Luca , Savarino Andrea 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdministration of antiretroviral therapy and two experimental drugs, auranofin and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), was previously shown to be followed by drug‐free control of chronic SIVmac251 infection, decreased immune activation and increased cell‐mediated anti‐Gag responses.MethodsPhylogeny was analysed with Phylogeny.fr. Entropy was calculated with the specific tool of the HIV Sequence Database. The capsid Gag structure was computed using SPDBV. The bottleneck effect was simulated through an appropriate online tool.ResultsThe region of Gag predominantly targeted during control of SIVmac251 infection is highly conserved in primate lentiviruses and plays an important role in capsid architecture. Computer‐aided simulations support the view that the preferential development of immune responses against this region is derived from a ‘bottleneck effect’ after restriction, by auranofin and BSO, of the activated lymphocyte pool.ConclusionsRestriction of immune activation through auranofin/BSO may result in stochastic selection of cell clones targeting conserved epitopes leading to a functional cure‐like condition.
Unilateral renal phaeohyphomycosis due to Bipolaris spicifera in an immunocompetent child – rare case presentation and review of literature
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Bala Kiran 
Published: June 2015

SummaryPhaeohyphomycosis refers to infections caused by phaeoid fungi that can have an aggressive course in normal hosts. We report a case of left‐sided renal phaeohyphomycosis due to Bipolaris spicifera in a 7‐year‐old immunocompetent male child. He presented with fever, dysuria, nausea, vomiting and flank pain. Examination revealed tenderness at the left costovertebral angle. Histological examination and culture of biopsy from left kidney and blood yielded the fungal pathogen Bipolaris spicifera. His past history revealed that he was diagnosed perinatally with bilateral hydronephrosis due to bilateral pelvic ureteric junction obstruction. He underwent an open dismembered pyeloplasty on the left side followed by the right side pyeloplasty at the age of 6 months and 1.5 years respectively. He was on a regular follow‐up for 5 years and had been doing well. Now he was diagnosed as a case of unilateral renal phaeohyphomycosis. The patient was managed successfully with antifungal drugs amphotericin B and itraconazole. A review of previously reported bipolaris cases with their clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome is presented. Renal phaeohyphomycosis remains an unusual disease. Aggressive diagnostic approaches and careful management helped in survival of the patient.
Confidence Matters for Current Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence for the Euro Area and the United States*
Authors: de Bondt Gabe J. , Schiaffi Stefano 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThe literature typically undervalues the economy‐wide importance of confidence, despite a renewed interest since the recent financial crisis in considering also psychological factors such as confidence. This study empirically assesses whether confidence matters for current real GDP growth in the euro area and the United States in addition to a widely applied and reliable predictor, the Purchasing Managers’ Index.MethodsWe add confidence indicators to a regression of real GDP growth on the composite PMI output index and check for a different impact of confidence during recessions as opposed to expansions by applying smooth transition regressions.ResultsConfidence matters for economic growth, both in good and bad times. This result is robust across sample periods, models, and proxies for confidence.ConclusionsConfidence is essential for assessing the current stage of the business cycle. Analysts should therefore closely monitor sentiment swings, whereas private and public decisionmakers can boost growth by improving confidence in the economy.
Technical Note: Nanometric organic photovoltaic thin film detectors for dose monitoring in diagnostic x‐ray imaging
Authors: Elshahat Bassem , Gill Hardeep Singh , Filipyev Ilya , Shrestha Suman , Hesser Jürgen , Kumar Jayant , Karellas Andrew , Zygmanski Piotr , Sajo Erno 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To fabricate organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with nanometric active layers sensitive to ionizing radiation and measure their dosimetric characteristics in clinical x‐ray beams in the diagnostic tube potential range of 60–150 kVp.Methods:Experiments were designed to optimize the detector's x‐ray response and find the best parameter combination by changing the active layer thickness and the area of the electrode. The OPV cell consisted of poly (3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl): [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester photoactive donor and acceptor semiconducting organic materials sandwiched between an aluminum electrode as an anode and an indium tin oxide electrode as a cathode. The authors measured the radiation‐induced electric current at zero bias voltage in all fabricated OPV cells.Results:The net OPV current as a function of beam potential (kVp) was proportional to kVp−0.5 when normalized to x‐ray tube output, which varies with kVp. Of the tested configurations, the best combination of parameters was 270 nm active layer thicknesses with 0.7 cm2 electrode area, which provided the highest signal per electrode area. For this cell, the measured current ranged from approximately 0.7 to 2.4 nA/cm2 for 60–150 kVp, corresponding to about 0.09 nA–0.06 nA/mGy air kerma, respectively. When compared to commercial amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic cells irradiated under the same conditions, this represents 2.5 times greater sensitivity. An additional 40% signal enhancement was observed when a 1 mm layer of plastic scintillator was attached to the cells’ beam‐facing side.Conclusions:Since both OPVs can be produced as flexible devices and they do not require external bias voltage, they open the possibility for use as thin film in vivo detectors for dose monitoring in diagnostic x‐ray imaging.
Characterization of Ribosomal Frameshifting in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
Authors: Finch Leanne K. , Ling Roger , Napthine Sawsan , Olspert Allan , Michiels Thomas , Lardinois Cécile , Bell Susanne , Loughran Gary , Brierley Ian , Firth Andrew E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus
(TMEV) is a member of the genus
Cardiovirus
in the
Picornaviridae
, a family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Previously, we demonstrated that in the related cardiovirus,
Encephalomyocarditis virus
, a programmed −1 ribosomal frameshift (−1 PRF) occurs at a conserved G_GUU_UUU sequence within the 2B-encoding region of the polyprotein open reading frame (ORF). Here we show that −1 PRF occurs at a similar site during translation of the TMEV genome. In addition, we demonstrate that a predicted 3′ RNA stem-loop structure at a noncanonical spacing downstream of the shift site is required for efficient frameshifting in TMEV and that frameshifting also requires virus infection. Mutating the G_GUU_UUU shift site to inhibit frameshifting results in an attenuated virus with reduced growth kinetics and a small-plaque phenotype. Frameshifting in the virus context was found to be extremely efficient at 74 to 82%, which, to our knowledge, is the highest frameshifting efficiency recorded to date for any virus. We propose that highly efficient −1 PRF in TMEV provides a mechanism to escape the confines of equimolar expression normally inherent in the single-polyprotein expression strategy of picornaviruses.

IMPORTANCE
Many viruses utilize programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting (−1 PRF) to produce different protein products at a defined ratio, or to translate overlapping ORFs to increase coding capacity. With few exceptions, −1 PRF occurs on specific “slippery” heptanucleotide sequences and is stimulated by RNA structure beginning 5 to 9 nucleotides (nt) downstream of the slippery site. Here we describe an unusual case of −1 PRF in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) that is extraordinarily efficient (74 to 82% of ribosomes shift into the alternative reading frame) and, in stark contrast to other examples of −1 PRF, is dependent upon a stem-loop structure beginning 14 nt downstream of the slippery site. Furthermore, in TMEV-based reporter constructs in transfected cells, efficient frameshifting is critically dependent upon virus infection. We suggest that TMEV evolved frameshifting as a novel mechanism for removing ribosomes from the message (a “ribosome sink”) to downregulate synthesis of the 3′-encoded replication proteins.
An In Vivo Method to Identify microRNA Targets Not Predicted by Computation Algorithms: p21 Targeting by miR-92a in Cancer
Authors: Su Xiaoping , Wang Huaming , Ge Wei , Yang Mingjin , Hou Jin , Chen Taoyong , Li Nan , Cao Xuetao 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is involved in the development and progression of various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how to identify the miRNAs targeting specific mRNA in cells is a significant challenge because of the interaction complexity and the limited knowledge of rules governing these processes. Some miRNAs are not predictable by current computer algorithms available. Here, using p21 mRNA as target, we established a new method, called miRNA in vivo precipitation (miRIP), to identify which kind of miRNAs can actually bind to the specific mRNA in cells. Several unpredictable miRNAs that bound p21 mRNA in HepG2 and PC-3 cells were identified by the miRIP method. Among these miRNAs identified by miRIP, miR-92a was found and confirmed to interact robustly with p21 mRNA, both in HepG2 and PC-3 cells. miR-92a was found to be remarkably increased in HCC tissues, and higher expression of miR-92a significantly correlated with lower expression of p21, which is related to poor survival of HCC patients. Moreover, inhibition of miR-92a could significantly suppress HCC growth in vitro and in vivo by upregulating p21. Together, miR-92a, which is identified by miRIP, is functionally shown to be associated with HCC growth as an oncogenic miRNA by inhibiting expression of targeting gene p21. In addition, several unpredictable miRNAs that target STAT3 mRNA were also identified by the miRIP method in HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrated that the miRIP approach can effectively identify the unpredictable but intracellular existing miRNAs that target specific mRNA in vivo. Cancer Res; 75(14); 2875–85. ©2015 AACR.
Use of Common Analgesics Is Not Associated with Ovarian Cancer Survival
Authors: Minlikeeva Albina N. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan , Eng Kevin H. , Friel Grace , Diergaarde Brenda , Modugno Francesmary , Cannioto Rikki , Gower Emily , Szender J. Brian , Grzankowski Kassondra , Odunsi Kunle , Ness Roberta B. , Moysich Kirsten B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background: Use of analgesics has been associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer, but, to date, very few studies have explored the association between analgesics and ovarian cancer survival.
Methods: We examined the relationship between self-reported prediagnostic use of aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), ascites at the time of primary treatment, and persistence of disease after primary treatment among 699 women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The associations between use of these medications and OS and PFS were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. We utilized unconditional logistic regression models to estimate associations between medication use and presence of ascites and persistence of disease.
Results: Prediagnostic intake of aspirin, both low-dose and regular-dose, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen was not associated with any of the outcomes of interest.
Conclusions: Our results indicate a lack of association between prediagnostic intake of selected analgesics and OS, PFS, presence of ascites at the time of primary treatment, and persistence of disease after primary treatment.
Impact: Prediagnostic intake of analgesics may not be associated with ovarian cancer outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(8); 1291–4. ©2015 AACR.