bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravascular Radiocontrast Iodixanol Increases Permeability of Proximal Tubule Epithelium
Authors: Yao Luyu , Kolluru Gopi K. , Kevil Christopher G. , Zhang Wayne W. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Iodixanol on kidney proximal tubular cell line human kidney 2 (HK-2). Methods: The HK-2 cells were treated with Iodixanol. A Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling ( TUNEL) assay was used to evaluate apoptosis. Cell viability was measured by proliferation assay kit. Cell permeability changes were assessed by transwell assay and intercellular gaps measurement. Expression of claudin-2 was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results: Iodixanol reduced tubule cell viability ( P < .01) but did not cause apoptosis. The intercellular gap formation ( P < .01) and transwell ( P < .05) assays revealed that cell permeability significantly increased after Iodixanol treatment of monolayer cells. Western blot and qRT-PCR showed significant upregulation of claudin-2 protein ( P < .05) and messenger RNA expression ( P < .01). Conclusions: Our in vitro data do not support the hypothesis that direct kidney cell death from Iodixanol is a major mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). However, increased permeability of proximal tubule epithelium caused by Iodixanol may play an important role in CIN.
Meta-Analysis of the Correlation Between Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zwischenberger Brittany A. , Beasley Mary M. , Davenport Daniel L. , Xenos Eleftherios S. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose: To determine whether a correlation exists between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis of the current literature was performed to evaluate the frequency of CCSVI, diagnosed by echo color Doppler criteria, in patients with MS and in normal controls. Results: In all, 19 studies were identified from January 2005 through February 2013; however, 3 studies were excluded due to duplicate data and 3 additional studies because 0 patients fulfilled CCSVI criteria in both MS and control groups. In order to improve homogeneity, 4 outlier studies were also removed from the analysis. Analysis of the remaining 9 studies demonstrated a significant correlation between CCSVI and MS (odds ratio 1.885, P < .0001) with no significant heterogeneity of the studies ( I2 = 18, P = .279). Conclusions: The meta-analysis demonstrated a correlation between CCSVI and MS. However, there was no evidence that CCSVI has a causative role in MS.
Clinical trial participation improves outcome: A matched historical cohort study
Authors: Baker John R , Vandal Alain C , Yeoh Joey , Zeng Irene , Wong Selwyn , Ryan Stuart N 
Published: September 2013

Background Well-conducted, investigator-led randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy of new treatments and are a key component of evidence-based medicine. It is unclear whether participating in an RCT is beneficial to the individual before the results of RCTs are known. Purpose In a matched historical cohort study, we examined whether participation in RCTs was associated with improved health outcomes. Methods Participants in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE), Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET), or Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE-intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) studies and non-participant controls were selected from patients attending outpatient clinics at Middlemore Hospital between 2001 and 2003. Results A total of 251 RCT participants and 502 randomly selected patients not enrolled in a trial but who met study entry criteria were matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. There was a significant difference in all-cause mortality for trial participants versus non-participants over the study period (unadjusted relative risk reduction (RRR) = 63%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 28%–81%) and a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality (unadjusted RRR = 81%; 95% CI = 17%–95%) favouring RCT participants. Allowing for co-morbidity, the adjusted RRR of all-cause mortality associated with trial participation was 55% (95% CI = 10%–77%). Active treatment in an RCT was found to be less explanatory than trial participation. The adjusted RRR for cardiovascular mortality associated with active treatment in a trial was 86% (95% CI = −2% to 98%), with trial participation found to be less explanatory than active treatment. Limitations The main limitations of this trial relate to its design as a retrospective study with a historical cohort comparison group. Limitations include lack of complete data for some patients, bias in selection of the comparison group, and the effects of confounding variables. However, the study design and analysis were planned so as to minimize these as much as possible. Conclusion This study revealed significantly lower all-cause mortality among participants in industry-sponsored RCTs compared with non-participants who received routine hospital outpatient care. This effect was independent of study drug.
Lactobacillus reuteri in management of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Emara Mohamed H. , Mohamed Salem Y. , Abdel-Aziz Hesham R. 
Published: September 2013

Introduction: The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori following the standard triple therapy is declining. This study was conducted to test whether the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri to the standard triple therapy improves the eradication rates as well as the clinical and pathological aspects in H. pylori infection. Methods: A total of 70 treatment-naïve patients were randomly assigned into group A (the L. reuteri treated group) and group B (the placebo control group). Patients were treated by the standard triple therapy for 2 weeks and either L. reuteri or placebo for 4 weeks. They were examined by symptom questionnaire, H. pylori antigen in stool, upper endoscopy with biopsies for rapid urease test and histopathological examination before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Results: The eradication rate of H. pylori infection was 74.3% and 65.7% for both L. reuteri and placebo treated groups, respectively. There was a significant difference regarding the reported side effects, where patients treated with L. reuteri reported less diarrhea and taste disorders than placebo group. A significant difference within each group was observed after treatment regarding Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores; patients treated with L. reuteri showed more improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms than the placebo treated group. The severity and activity of H. pylori associated gastritis were reduced after 4 weeks of therapy in both groups. The L. reuteri treated group showed significant improvement compared with the placebo treated group. Conclusion: Triple therapy of H. pylori supplemented with L. reuteri increased eradication rate by 8.6%, improved the GSRS score, reduced the reported side effects and improved the histological features of H. pylori infection when compared with placebo-supplemented triple therapy.
Core Stabilization Exercise Prescription, Part 2
Authors: Brumitt Jason , Matheson J. W. , Meira Erik P. 
Published: September 2013

Context Therapeutic exercises are frequently prescribed to patients with low back pain. Numerous exercise programs for patients with low back pain have been described. Many of these treatment programs are based on 1 of 2 popular rehabilitation strategies: a motor control exercise approach or a general exercise approach. Data Sources PubMed clinical queries from 1966 to March 2013 for keyword combinations including motor control exercise, core stability exercise, therapeutic exercise, general exercise, global exercise, local exercise, transversus abdominis, segmental stabilization, and low back pain. Study Selection Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of a motor control exercise approach, a general exercise approach, or both for patients with low back pain that were published in scientific peer-reviewed journals. Data Extraction Included studies underwent appraisal for exercise intervention and outcomes. Results Fifteen studies were identified (8, motor control exercise approach without general exercise comparison; 7, general exercise approach with or without motor control exercise approach comparison). Current evidence suggests that exercise interventions may be effective at reducing pain or disability in patients with low back pain. Conclusion: Stabilization exercises for patients with low back pain may help to decrease pain and disability. It may not be necessary to prescribe exercises purported to restore motor control of specific muscles.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Pitching From a Mound Versus Flat Ground in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Nissen Carl W. , Solomito Matthew , Garibay Erin , Õunpuu Sylvia , Westwell Melany 
Published: September 2013

Background: Baseball professionals believe that pitching from a mound can increase the stresses placed on the body. Hypothesis: There is no difference in kinematics or kinetics in pitching from a mound versus flat-ground conditions in adolescent baseball pitchers. Study Design: Laboratory investigation. Methods: The fastball pitching motions of 15 adolescent baseball pitchers, including upper extremity kinematics and kinetics and lead- and trail-leg kinematics, were evaluated while pitching from the mound and flat ground. Student t tests were used to determine the differences between the 2 testing conditions. Results: Maximum external glenohumeral rotation was similar between the 2 conditions (134° ± 14° mound vs 133° ± 14° flat ground, P = 0.10). Ankle plantar flexion of the lead leg at ball release was greater in the flat-ground condition (−20° ± 10° mound vs −15° ± 12° flat ground, P = 0.01). A statistically significant increase in glenohumeral internal rotation moment (33.6 ± 12.1 Nm mound vs 31.7 ± 11.6 Nm flat ground, P = 0.01) and an increase in elbow varus moment (33.3 ± 12.3 Nm mound vs 31.4 ± 11.8 Nm flat ground, P = 0.02) was measured when pitching from the mound as compared with flat ground. Conclusion: Pitching from the mound causes increased stress on the shoulder and elbow of adolescent pitchers as compared with that from flat ground. Clinical Relevance: The differences in kinematics as well as increased moments in the shoulder and elbow are helpful for pitchers and their coaches to know at the beginning of their season or as they return from injury or surgery. Pitchers in these situations should start their pitching progression on flat ground and progress to the mound.
Two main genetic pathways lead to the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to Richter syndrome
Authors: Chigrinova Ekaterina , Rinaldi Andrea , Kwee Ivo , Rossi Davide , Rancoita Paola M. V. , Strefford Jonathan C. , Oscier David , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Papadaki Theodora , Berger Francoise , Young Ken H. , Murray Fiona , Rosenquist Richard , Greiner Timothy C. , Chan Wing C. , Orlandi Ester M. , Lucioni Marco , Marasca Roberto , Inghirami Giorgio , Ladetto Marco , Forconi Francesco , Cogliatti Sergio , Votavova Hana , Swerdlow Steven H. , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Piris Miguel A. , Matolcsy Andras , Spagnolo Dominic , Nikitin Eugene , Zamò Alberto , Gattei Valter , Bhagat Govind , Ott German , Zucca Emanuele , Gaidano Gianluca , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: September 2013

Key Points
Richter syndrome has genomic complexity intermediate between chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Inactivation of TP53 and of CDKN2A is a main mechanism in the transformation to Richter syndrome.
Primary therapy of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) with weekly bortezomib, low-dose dexamethasone, and rituximab (BDR): long-term results of a phase 2 study of the European Myeloma Network (EMN)
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , García-Sanz Ramón , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Morel Pierre , Kyrtsonis Marie-Christine , Michalis Eurydiki , Kartasis Zafiris , Leleu Xavier , Palladini Giovanni , Tedeschi Alessandra , Gika Dimitra , Merlini Giampaolo , Kastritis Efstathios , Sonneveld Pieter 
Published: September 2013

Key Points
BDR is an active regimen and induces long-lasting responses in patients with newly diagnosed WM. Induction with single-agent bortezomib may be effective in preventing complications of hyperviscosity or rituximab-induced IgM flare.
β1 integrin−mediated signals are required for platelet granule secretion and hemostasis in mouse
Authors: Petzold Tobias , Ruppert Raphael , Pandey Dharmendra , Barocke Verena , Meyer Hannelore , Lorenz Michael , Zhang Lin , Siess Wolfgang , Massberg Steffen , Moser Markus 
Published: September 2013

Key Points
Platelet β1 integrin−mediated signals control granule secretion and hemostasis β1 integrin−mediated outside-in signaling is independent of direct kindlin-integrin interaction
Replication characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) European subtype 1 (Lelystad) and subtype 3 (Lena) strains in nasal mucosa and cells of the monocytic lineage: indications for the use of new receptors of PRRSV (Lena)
Authors: Frydas Ilias S , Verbeeck Mieke , Cao Jun , Nauwynck Hans J 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Recently, it has been demonstrated that subtype 3 strains of European type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are more virulent/pathogenic than subtype 1 strains. This points to differences in the pathogenesis. In the present study, a new polarized nasal mucosa explant system was used to study the invasion of the low virulent subtype 1 PRRSV strain Lelystad (LV) and the highly virulent subtype 3 PRRSV strain Lena at the portal of entry. Different cell types of the monocytic lineage (alveolar macrophages (PAM), cultured blood monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC)) were enclosed to examine replication kinetics of both strains in their putative target cells. At 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post inoculation (hpi), virus production was analyzed and the infected cells were quantified and identified. Lena replicated much more efficiently than LV in the nasal mucosa explants and to a lesser extent in PAM. Differences in replication were not found in monocytes and moDC. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that for LV, almost all viral antigen positive cells were CD163+Sialoadhesin (Sn)+, which were mainly located in the lamina propria of the respiratory mucosa. In Lena-infected nasal mucosa, CD163+Sn+, CD163+Sn- and to a lesser extent CD163-Sn- monocytic subtypes were involved in infection. CD163+Sn- cells were mostly located within or in the proximity of the epithelium. Our results show that, whereas LV replicates in a restricted subpopulation of CD163+Sn+ monocytic cells in the upper respiratory tract, Lena hijacks a broader range of subpopulations to spread within the mucosa. Replication in CD163+Sn- cells suggests that an alternative entry receptor may contribute to the wider tropism of Lena.
Insights into food preference in hybrid F1 of Siniperca chuatsi (♀) × Siniperca scherzeri (♂) mandarin fish through transcriptome analysis
Authors: He Shan , Liang Xu-Fang , Sun Jian , Li Ling , Yu Ying , Huang Wei , Qu Chun-Mei , Cao Liang , Bai Xiao-Li , Tao Ya-Xiong 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
As economically relevant traits, feeding behavior and food preference domestication determine production cost and profitability. Although there are intensive research efforts on feeding behavior and food intake, little is known about food preference. Mandarin fish accept only live prey fish and refuse dead prey fish or artificial diets. Very little is currently known about the genes regulating this unique food preference.

Results
Using transcriptome sequencing and digital gene expression profiling, we identified 1,986 and 4,526 differentially expressed genes in feeders and nonfeeders of dead prey fish, respectively. Up-regulation of Crbp, Rgr and Rdh8, and down-regulation of Gc expression, consistent with greater visual ability in feeders, could promote positive phototaxis. Altered expressions of period, casein kinase and Rev-erbα might reset circadian phase. Down-regulation of orexigenic and up-regulation of anorexigenic genes in feeders were associated with lower appetite. The mRNA levels of Creb, c-fos, C/EBP, zif268, Bdnf and Syt were dramatically decreased in feeders, which might result in significant deficiency in memory retention of its natural food preference (live prey fish). There were roughly 100 times more potential SNPs in feeders than in nonfeeders.

Conclusions
In summary, differential expression in the genes identified shed new light on why mandarin fish only feed on live prey fish, with pathways regulating retinal photosensitivity, circadian rhythm, appetite control, learning and memory involved. We also found dramatic difference in SNP abundance in feeders vs nonfeeders. These differences together might account for the different food preferences. Elucidating the genes regulating the unique food preference (live prey fish) in mandarin fish could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms controlling food preference in animals, including mammals.
Use of a promiscuous, constitutively-active bacterial enhancer-binding protein to define the σ54 (RpoN) regulon of Salmonella Typhimurium LT2
Authors: Samuels David J , Frye Jonathan G , Porwollik Steffen , McClelland Michael , Mrázek Jan , Hoover Timothy R , Karls Anna C 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Sigma54, or RpoN, is an alternative σ factor found widely in eubacteria. A significant complication in analysis of the global σ54 regulon in a bacterium is that the σ54 RNA polymerase holoenzyme requires interaction with an active bacterial enhancer-binding protein (bEBP) to initiate transcription at a σ54-dependent promoter. Many bacteria possess multiple bEBPs, which are activated by diverse environmental stimuli. In this work, we assess the ability of a promiscuous, constitutively-active bEBP—the AAA+ ATPase domain of DctD from Sinorhizobium meliloti—to activate transcription from all σ54-dependent promoters for the characterization of the σ54 regulon of Salmonella Typhimurium LT2.

Results
The AAA+ ATPase domain of DctD was able to drive transcription from nearly all previously characterized or predicted σ54-dependent promoters in Salmonella under a single condition. These promoters are controlled by a variety of native activators and, under the condition tested, are not transcribed in the absence of the DctD AAA+ ATPase domain. We also identified a novel σ54-dependent promoter upstream of STM2939, a homolog of the cas1 component of a CRISPR system. ChIP-chip analysis revealed at least 70 σ54 binding sites in the chromosome, of which 58% are located within coding sequences. Promoter-lacZ fusions with selected intragenic σ54 binding sites suggest that many of these sites are capable of functioning as σ54-dependent promoters.

Conclusion
Since the DctD AAA+ ATPase domain proved effective in activating transcription from the diverse σ54-dependent promoters of the S. Typhimurium LT2 σ54 regulon under a single growth condition, this approach is likely to be valuable for examining σ54 regulons in other bacterial species. The S. Typhimurium σ54 regulon included a high number of intragenic σ54 binding sites/promoters, suggesting that σ54 may have multiple regulatory roles beyond the initiation of transcription at the start of an operon.
Inter- and intraobserver variability in motor mapping of the hotspot for the abductor policis brevis muscle
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Hauck Theresa , Obermüller Thomas , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Meyer Bernhard , Ringel Florian , Krieg Sandro M 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundFor accuracy in navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), determination of the hotspot location of small hand muscles is crucial because it is the basis for the resting motor threshold (RMT) and, therefore, its spatial resolution. We investigated intra- and interobserver differences of hotspot mapping to provide evidence for the reproducibility of this method.Ten subjects underwent nTMS motor mapping of the hotspot for the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB) three times. The first two sessions were performed by the same examiner; the third mapping was performed by a different examiner. Distances between the first and second mappings (intraobserver variability) and between the second and third mappings (interobserver variability) were measured.ResultsIntraobserver variability had a mean of 8.1 ± 3.3 mm (limits of agreement (LOA) 1.7 to 14.6 mm), whereas mean interobserver variability was 10.3 ± 3.3 mm (LOA 3.8 to 16.7 mm). Concerning RMT, CCC was 0.725 (95% CI: 0.276; 0.914). The mean variability in the same cortical depth was measured as 5.7 ± 3.3 mm (LOA −0.7 to 12.2 mm) for intraobserver and 9.2 ± 3.3 mm (LOA 2.7 to 15.8 mm) for interobserver examinations. When evaluating the RMT, CCC was 0.709 (95% CI: 0.244; 0.909).ConclusionsOverall, intraobserver variability showed higher reliability than interobserver variability. Our findings show that we can achieve good reliability in hotspot determination, ranging within the calculated precision of the system.
Renal replacement therapy in ADPKD patients: a 25-year survey based on the Catalan registry
Authors: Martínez Víctor , Comas Jordi , Arcos Emma , Díaz Joan Manel , Muray Salomé , Cabezuelo Juan , Ballarín José , Ars Elisabet , Torra Roser 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Some 7-10% of patients on replacement renal therapy (RRT) are receiving it because of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The age at initiation of RRT is expected to increase over time.

Methods
Clinical data of 1,586 patients (7.9%) with ADPKD and 18,447 (92.1%) patients with other nephropathies were analysed from 1984 through 2009 (1984–1991, 1992–1999 and 2000–2009).

Results
The age at initiation of RRT remained stable over the three periods in the ADPKD group (56.7 ± 10.9 (mean ± SD) vs 57.5 ± 12.1 vs 57.8 ± 13.3 years), whereas it increased significantly in the non-ADPKD group (from 54.8 ± 16.8 to 63.9 ± 16.3 years, p < 0.001). The ratio of males to females was higher for non-ADPKD than for ADPKD patients (1.6–1.8 vs 1.1–1.2). The prevalence of diabetes was significantly lower in the ADPKD group (6.76% vs 11.89%, p < 0.001), as were most of the co-morbidities studied, with the exception of hypertension. The survival rate of the ADPKD patients on RRT was higher than that of the non-ADPKD patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Over time neither changes in age nor alterations in male to female ratio have occurred among ADPKD patients who have started RRT, probably because of the impact of unmodifiable genetic factors in the absence of a specific treatment.