bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa induced by distant pollination with Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus
Authors: Piosik Ł. , Zenkteler E. , Zenkteler M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHaploidisation is a biotechnological method used to obtain plants with improved traits that are of use to humans. Lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.), a well-known and popular leafy vegetable, is consumed worldwide. Its haploid form would provide a good basis for producing a pure line of plants (doubled haploids) allowing new varieties to be regenerated. The main aim of this work was to develop an effective haploidisation method for this economically important species. In order to stimulate the development of haploid embryos of lettuce based on our previous experience, we conducted in vivo distant pollination with fresh pollen grains ofHelianthus annuusL. orH. tuberosusL. Because the haploid proembryos obtained after pollination did not develop further (despite the presence of cellular endosperm), we implemented the technique of in vitro culture of an isolated embryo sacs (surrounded by endothelium) with parthenogenetic embryos on various, modified Murashige and Skoog media. During the in vitro culture, we observed the formation of callus tissue and, after subsequent cultures of calluses, 23 haploidL. sativaplants were regenerated. The haploid status of the regenerated plantlets was confirmed by estimation of the genome size by flow cytometry, chromosome counting in root tips, stomata cell size and by disturbances in pollen formation resulting from abnormal microsporogenesis. This paper contains the complete protocol for obtaining haploid plants ofL. sativa.
Genetic Test Results and Disclosure to Family Members: Qualitative Interviews of Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions of Ethical and Professional Issues in France
Authors: d’ Audiffret Van Haecke Diane , de Montgolfier Sandrine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe benefit of disclosing test results to next of kin is to improve prognosis and—in some cases—even prevent death though earlier monitoring or preventive therapies. Research on this subject has explored the question of intra‐familial communication from the standpoint of patients and relatives but rarely, from the standpoint of healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study was to interview relevant healthcare professionals in France, where legislation framing the issue was recently passed. A qualitative study consisting of semi‐structured interviews was set up to get a clearer picture of the challenges arising from this issue, its consequences in terms of medical care‐service practices, and the positions that frontline professionals have taken in response to this new legal framework. The findings from eight interviews with 7 clinical geneticists and 1 genetic counselor highlight very different patterns of practices among care services and among the genetic diseases involved. It is equally crucial to investigate other issues such as the nature of genetic testing and its consequences in terms of disclosing results to kin, the question of the role of genetic counseling in the disclosure process, the question of prescription by non‐geneticist clinicians, and practical questions linked to information content, consent and medical follow‐up for patients and their relatives.
Double Bond Position Plays an Important Role in Delta‐9 Desaturation and Lipogenic Properties of Trans 18:1 Isomers in Mouse Adipocytes
Authors: Vahmani P. , Meadus W. J. , Mapiye C. , Duff P. , Rolland D. C. , Dugan M. E. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe objective of this research was to study the delta‐9 desaturation of individual trans (t) fatty acids that can be found in ruminant fat or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) and determine their effects on lipogenic gene expression in adipocytes. It was hypothesized that delta‐9 desaturation and lipogenic properties of t‐18:1 isomers depend on the position of double bond. Differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were treated with 200 µM of t6–18:1, t9–18:1, t11–18:1, t13–18:1 or t16–18:1, cis (c)‐9 18:1 or bovine serum albumin (BSA) vehicle control for 48 h. Cells were then harvested for fatty acid and gene expression analyses using gas chromatography and quantitative PCR respectively. Among t‐18:1 isomers, t13–18:1 and t11–8:1 had the greatest percent delta‐9 desaturation (44 and 41 % respectively) followed by t16–18:1 and t6–18:1 (32 and 17 % respectively), while c9–18:1 and t9–18:1 did not undergo delta‐9 desaturation. Trans9–18:1 up‐regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of lipogenic genes including fatty acid synthase and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of these genes were not affected with other t‐18:1 isomers (P > 0.05). Consistent with gene expression results, t9–18:1 increased the de novo lipogenic index (16:0/18:2n‐6) compared with control cells and increased delta‐9 desaturation index (c9–16:1/18:0) compared to other t‐18:1 isomers (P < 0.05). The current study provides further evidence that the predominant trans fatty acid in PHVO (t9–18:1) has isomer specific lipogenic properties.
Formation of Acrolein in the Autoxidation of Triacylglycerols with Different Fatty Acid Compositions
Authors: Shibata Ako , Uemura Mariko , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFish, echium, linseed, and soybean oil triacyglycerols (TAGs) were oxidized at 50 or 60 °C to determine the effect of the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition on the volatile product formation. The analysis of the oxygen consumption and total volatile formation demonstrated that the soybean oil TAG had the highest oxidative stability followed by linseed, echium, and fish oil TAGs. Our results were in agreement with the expected average number of bis‐allylic positions of each TAG. Higher quantities of acrolein (2‐propenal) and propanal were detected using the static headspace gas chromatography method at the early stages of oxidation of echium and fish oil TAGs; however, a considerable amount of propanal and only a small amount of acrolein were found in the oxidized linseed oil TAG. The peak area ratios of acrolein to propanal were 0.115, 0.569, and 2.554 after the 8‐h oxidation of linseed, echium, and fish oil TAG, respectively, suggesting the preferential formation of acrolein, especially during the fish oil TAG oxidation. The acrolein quickly increased during the first stage of oxidation, but thereafter it either did not change or slightly decreased during the fish oil oxidation. Because fish oil induces flavor deterioration from the very early stage of the oxidation, the acrolein formation observed in the present study may be important for fish oil deterioration.
Maternal myasthenia gravis: A cause for arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Authors: Midelfart Hoff Jana , Midelfart Anna 
Published: October 2015

Background Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a condition defined as contractures in more than two joints and in multiple body areas. The principal mechanism leading to the development of AMC in utero is decreased fetal movement. Objective Both fetal and maternal factors can lead to this condition, including maternal myasthenia gravis (MG) which is the topic of this review. MG is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies (immunoglobulin G) are formed against acetylcholine receptors. The disease can affect both genders, but women are more prone to develop the disease in early adulthood, a phase of life when the focus of many women is often directed towards founding a family. During pregnancy, maternal antibodies are transmitted to the fetus. Results Although the child is unaffected in most cases, the constant transmission of antibodies in utero can lead to neonatal myasthenia post-partum, a transient condition characterized by hypotonia and swallowing/respiratory difficulties as well as AMC. Conclusion The maternal antibody profile in mothers with MG seems to play a key role in whether the child develops AMC or not. There are also indications that there may be a relation between neonatal MG and AMC, as well as a high recurrence rate in siblings.
Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker measurements in preclinical sporadic Alzheimer's disease: A prospective 9‐year study
Authors: Stomrud Erik , Minthon Lennart , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Hansson Oskar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionAscertainment of the pattern and temporal change of biomarkers in preclinical (asymptomatic) sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase knowledge about early pathogenesis and facilitate interventional therapeutic trials.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal study, repeated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collections and cognitive evaluations were performed in cognitively healthy elderly individuals during a 9‐year period.ResultsLow CSF β‐amyloid (Aβ)42 levels predicted subsequent development of clinical AD 9 years later. Noteworthy, one‐third of individuals with pathologically low baseline Aβ42 levels remained cognitively intact during follow‐up. No further decrease in Aβ42 was seen in those with low levels already at baseline.DiscussionCSF Aβ42 predicts sporadic AD at least 9 years before dementia onset and has plateaued already at this time. However, many individuals can harbor brain amyloid accumulation over a decade without signs of cognitive deterioration, which could implicate how CSF biomarkers are used to identify preclinical AD in future interventional therapeutic trials.
An Evaluation of the Membership Probability of 212 λ Boo Stars. I. A Catalogue
Authors: Murphy Simon J. , Corbally Christopher J. , Gray Richard O. , Cheng Kwang-Ping , Neff James E. , Koen Chris , Kuehn Charles A. , Newsome Ian , Riggs Quinlin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe literature on the λ Boo stars has grown to become somewhat heterogenous, as different authors have applied different criteria across the UV, optical, and infrared regions to determine the membership status of λ Boo candidates. We aim to clear up the confusion by consulting the literature on 212 objects that have been considered as λ Boo candidates, and subsequently evaluating the evidence in favour of their admission to the λ Boo class. We obtained new spectra of ~ 90 of these candidates and classified them on the MK system to aid in the membership evaluations. The re-evaluation of the 212 objects resulted in 64 members and 103 non-members of the λ Boo class, with a further 45 stars for which membership status is unclear. We suggest observations for each of the stars in the latter category that will allow them to be confidently included or rejected from the class. Our reclassification facilitates homogenous analysis on group members, and represents the largest collection of confirmed λ Boo stars known.
The ASKAP/EMU Source Finding Data Challenge
Authors: Hopkins A. M. , Whiting M. T. , Seymour N. , Chow K. E. , Norris R. P. , Bonavera L. , Breton R. , Carbone D. , Ferrari C. , Franzen T. M. O. , Garsden H. , González-Nuevo J. , Hales C. A. , Hancock P. J. , Heald G. , Herranz D. , Huynh M. , Jurek R. J. , López-Caniego M. , Massardi M. , Mohan N. , Molinari S. , Orrù E. , Paladino R. , Pestalozzi M. , Pizzo R. , Rafferty D. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Rudnick L. , Schisano E. , Shulevski A. , Swinbank J. , Taylor R. , van der Horst A. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) is a proposed radio continuum survey
of the Southern Hemisphere up to declination + 30°, with the Australian
Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). EMU will use an automated source
identification and measurement approach that is demonstrably optimal, to
maximise the reliability and robustness of the resulting radio source
catalogues. As a step toward this goal we conducted a “Data
Challenge” to test a variety of source finders on simulated images. The
aim is to quantify the accuracy and limitations of existing automated source
finding and measurement approaches. The Challenge initiators also tested the
current ASKAPsoft source-finding tool to establish how it could benefit from
incorporating successful features of the other tools. As expected, most finders
show completeness around 100% at ≈ 10σ dropping to about 10% by
≈ 5σ. Reliability is typically close to 100% at ≈
10σ, with performance to lower sensitivities varying between finders. All
finders show the expected trade-off, where a high completeness at low
signal-to-noise gives a corresponding reduction in reliability, and vice versa.
We conclude with a series of recommendations for improving the performance of
the ASKAPsoft source-finding tool.
Why, and How, to Bridge the “Gap” Before Tenure: Peer-Reviewed Research May Not Be the Only Strategic Move as a Graduate Student or Young Scholar
Authors: Bertucci Mariano E. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTGraduate students and young scholars with a passion for making a difference in the real world through research are often advised to put those dreams to rest until after tenure. This contributes to the enduring frustration on both sides of the “theory–policy gap” but it is sound advice—as of right now tenure decisions tend not to take into account publications appearing in policy outlets. However, the job market—and some of the most important mechanisms used for making promotion decisions in academia—suggest good strategic reasons for trying to have your research influence policy as early in your career as possible.
The “Crossfire Approach”: Attracting Political Science Majors in Large-Lecture Sections of Introductory Courses
Authors: Baumgartner Jody C , Morris Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we chronicle our experience in team-teaching large-lecture sections of “Introduction to American Government.” A dual-instructor approach allows us to accommodate 250 students, which obviates the need for five separate sections (and instructors) of the course. In addition, our “Crossfire Approach,” in which we engage one another in frequent and unstructured political debate, generates student interest in the course and in the political science major. Students who were enrolled in this course from 2007 through 2011 were significantly more likely to declare political science as their major than those who took it from any other instructor or either of us teaching it individually. This approach conserves departmental resources while simultaneously growing the program—a clear win-win situation.
The Political Is Personal: Using Political Life Narratives to Engage Students
Authors: Combellick-Bidney Sarah 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTo involve students in the process of grounding abstract concepts in their own concrete life experiences, I began working with a type of reflective exercise that I call the “political life story,” in which students create and share narratives around the political phenomena that have shaped their own lives. Building on the experiences of other political scientists who have used active-versus-passive learning to disentangle conceptual ambiguity—as well as similar best practices of student-centered pedagogy that are well established in the discipline—I offer these reflections in the spirit of deepening the conversation about methods of reflective group learning with diverse students in both classroom and online contexts. My observations reinforce the consistent finding in the wider pedagogical literature that diverse classrooms provide a conducive environment for deep learning when particular emphasis is placed on the lived experiences of students.
Fantasy Presidents: A Game That Makes Research More Exciting
Authors: Bridge Dave 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTUsing the core principles of fantasy sports, I propose the notion of using fantasy drafts in political science classrooms. I begin by introducing the basic concept of fantasy leagues. Then I describe an original 30-minute game in which students draft US presidents and “compete” against one another along a number of dimensions. Next, I present possible writing assignments related to the game. The conclusion discusses the contributions of “Fantasy Presidents”—namely, it offers interesting essay prompts and informed discussions, and it encourages students to take the initiative in their own learning.
Processing of Facial Emotion in Bipolar Depression and Euthymia
Authors: Robinson Lucy J. , Gray John M. , Burt Mike , Ferrier I. Nicol , Gallagher Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrevious studies of facial emotion processing in bipolar disorder (BD) have reported conflicting findings. In independently conducted studies, we investigate facial emotion labeling in euthymic and depressed BD patients using tasks with static and dynamically morphed images of different emotions displayed at different intensities. Study 1 included 38 euthymic BD patients and 28 controls. Participants completed two tasks: labeling of static images of basic facial emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad) shown at different expression intensities; the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001), which involves recognition of complex emotions using only the eye region of the face. Study 2 included 53 depressed BD patients and 47 controls. Participants completed two tasks: labeling of “dynamic” facial expressions of the same five basic emotions; the Emotional Hexagon test (Young, Perret, Calder, Sprengelmeyer, & Ekman, 2002). There were no significant group differences on any measures of emotion perception/labeling, compared to controls. A significant group by intensity interaction was observed in both emotion labeling tasks (euthymia and depression), although this effect did not survive the addition of measures of executive function/psychomotor speed as covariates. Only 2.6–15.8% of euthymic patients and 7.8–13.7% of depressed patients scored below the 10th percentile of the controls for total emotion recognition accuracy. There was no evidence of specific deficits in facial emotion labeling in euthymic or depressed BD patients. Methodological variations—including mood state, sample size, and the cognitive demands of the tasks—may contribute significantly to the variability in findings between studies. (JINS, 2015, 21, 709–721)
Do Subjective Memory Complaints Lead or Follow Objective Cognitive Change? A Five-Year Population Study of Temporal Influence
Authors: Snitz Beth E. , Small Brent J. , Wang Tianxiu , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Hughes Tiffany F. , Ganguli Mary 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe relationship between subjective memory complaints (SM) and objective memory (OM) performance in aging has been variably characterized in a substantial literature, to date. In particular, cross-sectional studies often observe weak or no associations. We investigated whether subjective memory complaints and objectively measured cognition influence each other over time, and if so, which is the stronger pathway of change—objective to subjective, or subjective to objective—or whether they are both important. Using bivariate latent change score modeling in data from a population study (N=1980) over 5 annual assessment cycles, we tested four corresponding hypotheses: (1) no coupling between SM and OM over time; (2) SM as leading indicator of change in OM; (3) OM as leading indicator of change in SM; (4) dual coupling over time, with both SM and OM leading subsequent change in the other. We also extended objective cognition to two other domains, language and executive functions. The dual-coupling models best fit the data for all three objective cognitive domains. The SM–OM temporal dynamics differ qualitatively compared to other domains, potentially reflecting changes in insight and self-awareness specific to memory impairment. Subjective memory and objective cognition reciprocally influence each other over time. The temporal dynamics between subjective and objective cognition in aging are nuanced, and must be carefully disentangled to shed light on the underlying processes. (JINS, 2015,21, 732–742)
Nature and Enforceability of WTO-plus SPS and TBT Provisions in Canada's PTAs: FromNAFTAtoCETA
Authors: VILLALTA PUIG GONZALO , DALKE ERIC D 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSafety standards can function as non-tariff barriers to trade. Canada is a large exporter of goods and so it has an interest in the regulation of safety standards, both at the multilateral level through its membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and, most especially, at the bilateral and regional level through its Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). Canada has signed PTAs with provisions that go beyond the obligations of WTO Members under theAgreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measuresand theAgreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. This article analyses the nature and enforceability of WTO-plus provisions on sanitary and phytosanitary standards (SPS) as well as product standards (TBT) in Canada's PTAs, from theNorth American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) between Canada, Mexico, and the United States to theComprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement(CETA) between Canada and the European Union. First, it finds that the inclusion of WTO-plus SPS and TBT provisions in Canada's PTAs is a relatively recent practice that is still in development. Only about half of Canada's PTAs contain WTO-plus SPS and TBT provisions and, those treaties that do, commonly concern institutions for regulatory cooperation and information exchange arrangements, without much commitment to harmonization. Secondly, it finds that nearly half of the SPS and TBT provisions in Canada's PTAs are unenforceable. They either are in a language that is too imprecise for enforcement or do not allow access to a dispute settlement mechanism. Thirdly, it finds that, by global standards, most of Canada's PTAs are modest in their approach to SPS and TBT issues, withNAFTAandCETAas key exceptions. The article concludes that the extent to which regulatory convergence occurs on safety standards for Canada is dependent more on political cooperation between the parties than on the nature and enforceability of SPS and TBT provisions in its PTAs.
Cationic cluster formation versus disproportionation of low-valent indium and gallium complexes of 2,2’-bipyridine
Authors: Lichtenthaler Martin R. , Stahl Florian , Kratzert Daniel , Heidinger Lorenz , Schleicher Erik , Hamann Julian , Himmel Daniel , Weber Stefan , Krossing Ingo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGroup 13 MI compounds often disproportionate into M0 and MIII. Here, however, we show that the reaction of the MI salt of the weakly coordinating alkoxyaluminate [GaI(C6H5F)2]+[Al(ORF)4]− (RF=C(CF3)3) with 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy) yields the paramagnetic and distorted octahedral [Ga(bipy)3]2+•{[Al(ORF)4]−}2 complex salt. While the latter appears to be a GaII compound, both, EPR and DFT investigations assign a ligand-centred [GaIII{(bipy)3}•]2+ radical dication. Surprisingly, the application of the heavier homologue [InI(C6H5F)2]+[Al(ORF)4]− leads to aggregation and formation of the homonuclear cationic triangular and rhombic [In3(bipy)6]3+, [In3(bipy)5]3+ and [In4(bipy)6]4+ metal atom clusters. Typically, such clusters are formed under strongly reductive conditions. Analysing the unexpected redox-neutral cationic cluster formation, DFT studies suggest a stepwise formation of the clusters, possibly via their triplet state and further investigations attribute the overall driving force of the reactions to the strong In−In bonds and the high lattice enthalpies of the resultant ligand stabilized [M3]3+{[Al(ORF)4]−}3 and [M4]4+{[Al(ORF)4]−}4 salts.