bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dying tumor cells stimulate proliferation of living tumor cells via caspase‐dependent protein kinase Cδ activation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cheng Jin , Tian Ling , Ma Jingjing , Gong Yanping , Zhang Zhengxiang , Chen Zhiwei , Xu Bing , Xiong Hui , Li Chuanyuan , Huang Qian 
Published: August 2014

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers, and radiotherapy is often implemented for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumor cell repopulation is a major challenge in treating cancers after radiotherapy. In order to address the problem of tumor repopulation, our previous studies have demonstrated that dying cells stimulate the proliferation of living tumor cells after radiotherapy. In particular, dying cells undergoing apoptosis also activate survival or proliferation signals and release growth factors to surrounding living cells. In the present study, we used an in vitro model to examine the possible mechanisms for dying cell stimulated tumor repopulation in pancreatic cancer. In this model, a small number of living, luciferase‐labeled pancreatic cancer cells (reporter) were seeded onto a layer of a much larger number of irradiated, unlabeled pancreatic cancer cells and the growth of the living cells was measured over time as a gage of tumor repopulation. Our results indicate that irradiated, dying Panc1 feeder cells significantly stimulated the proliferation of living Panc1 reporter cells. Importantly, we identified that the percentage of apoptotic cells and the cleavage of caspases 3 and 7 and protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) were increased in irradiated Panc1 cells. We presumed that caspases 3 and 7 and PKCδ as integral mediators in the process of dying pancreatic cancer cell stimulation of living tumor cell growth. In order to demonstrate the importance of caspases 3, 7 and PKCδ, we introduced dominant‐negative mutants of caspase 3 (DN_C3), caspase 7 (DN_C7), or PKCδ (DN_PKCδ) into Panc1 cells using lentiviral vectors. The stably transduced Panc1 cells were irradiated and used as feeders and we found a significant decrease in the growth of living Panc1 reporter cells when compared with irradiated wild‐type Panc1 cells as feeders. Moreover, the role of PKCδ in the growth stimulation of living tumor cells was further confirmed using a pan PKC inhibitor GF109203x and a specific PKCδ inhibitor, rottlerin. Additionally, we found significantly increased phosphorylation of Akt, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/stress‐activated protein kinase (JNK1/2) in the irradiated Panc1 cells. Mechanistically, PKCδ cleavage was attenuated in both DN_C3 and DN_C7 transduced Panc1 cells, and both Akt and p38 MAPK phosphorylation were attenuated in DN_PKCδ transduced Panc1 cells following radiation. Thus, this report suggests a novel finding that cellular signaling caspase 3/7‐PKCδ‐Akt/p38 MAPK is crucial to the repopulation in Panc1 cells after radiotherapy.
On velocity and reactive scalar spectra in turbulent premixed flames
Authors: Kolla H. , Hawkes E. R. , Kerstein A. R. , Swaminathan N. , Chen J. H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKinetic energy and reactive scalar spectra in turbulent premixed flames are studied from compressible three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a temporally evolving rectangular slot-jet premixed flame, a statistically one-dimensional configuration. The flames correspond to a lean premixed hydrogen–air mixture at an equivalence ratio of 0.7, preheated to 700 K and at 1 atm, and three DNS are considered with a fixed jet Reynolds number of 10 000 and a jet Damköhler number varying between 0.13 and 0.54. For the study of spectra, motivated by the need to account for density change, which can be locally strong in premixed flames, a new density-weighted definition for two-point velocity/scalar correlations is proposed. The density-weighted two-point correlation tensor retains the essential properties of its constant-density (incompressible) counterpart and recovers the density-weighted Reynolds stress tensor in the limit of zero separation. The density weighting also allows the derivation of balance equations for velocity and scalar spectrum functions in the wavenumber space that illuminate physics unique to combusting flows. Pressure–dilatation correlation is a source of kinetic energy at high wavenumbers and, analogously, reaction rate–scalar fluctuation correlation is a high-wavenumber source of scalar energy. These results are verified by the spectra constructed from the DNS data. The kinetic energy spectra show a distinct inertial range with a $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}-5/3$ scaling followed by a ‘diffusive–reactive’ range at higher wavenumbers. The exponential drop-off in this range shows a distinct inflection in the vicinity of the wavenumber corresponding to a laminar flame thickness, $\delta _L$, and this is attributed to the contribution from the pressure–dilatation term in the energy balance in wavenumber space. Likewise, a clear spike in spectra of major reactant species (hydrogen) arising from the reaction-rate term is observed at wavenumbers close to $\delta _L$. It appears that in the inertial range classical scaling laws for the spectra involving the Kolmogorov scale are applicable, but in the high-wavenumber range where chemical reactions have a strong signature the laminar flame thickness produces a better collapse. It is suggested that a full scaling should perhaps involve the Kolmogorov scale, laminar flame thickness, Damköhler number and Karlovitz number.
The relationships among network ties, organizational agility, and organizational performance: A study of the flat glass industry in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Yu-Muo , Yang Chyan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFirms face a rapidly changing market environment under the pressure of difficult challenges such as limited resources and increasing costs. Organizations may actively seek to cooperate with other members for benefits from knowledge sharing. Establishing quality network ties among suppliers and customers is a significant study subject. Here, we assessed the impact of the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement on Taiwan flat glass industry and study measures adopted by the manufacturers. The effective sample size is 250. We found that through the intermediary of organizational agility and strong network ties, a firm can enhance its organizational performance.
Lichen communities in two old-growth pine (Pinus) forests
Authors: WAGNER Christopher , SCHRAM Lyndsay J. , McMULLIN Richard Troy , HUNT Shelley L. , ANAND Madhur 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMany lichen species have specific environmental requirements for colonization. Old-growth forests contain microhabitats required by a particular suite of lichens. In Ontario, Canada, old-growth forests are increasingly uncommon and the lichen communities within some of these forests are not well known. To better understand the lichen communities that inhabit old-growth forests in the province, we examined the lichen biota on coarse woody debris (CWD) and trees in a red pine (Pinus resinosa) and a white pine (Pinus strobus) dominated stand in northern Ontario. Lichen diversity was assessed on different forms of CWD and trees in each forest. Lichen diversity did not differ significantly between CWD types in the red pine forest, but was significantly different in the white pine forest. There was no significant difference in lichen diversity amongst different decay stages of CWD in either forest. In both forests, lichen communities on stumps, logs, and snags differed from lichen communities present on trees. A variety of CWD types is important for overall lichen species richness in the red pine forest. Our results demonstrate to land managers that different types of old-growth forests are ecologically unique, even those dominated by tree species in the same genus. Management of an old-growth forest should suit its individual ecology.
Quantifying the loss of lichen epiphyte diversity from the pre-industrial Exmoor landscape (south-west England)
Authors: YAHR Rebecca , COPPINS Brian J. , ELLIS Christopher J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAcross much of lowland Britain, lichen diversity has been dramatically affected by the Industrial Revolution, including the lasting legacy of pollution, and changes in land use including the loss, intensification, or abandonment of traditional woodland management. We sampled preserved epiphytes on historical timbers in vernacular buildings to reconstruct pre-industrial lichen species occurrence for a site in Exmoor, south-west England, and used these data to quantify biodiversity loss that appears related to shifts in woodland composition. A total of 33 lichen epiphyte species were collected from pre-industrial structural timbers, and these were compared with modern lichen occurrence. Based on a direct comparison with species presence-absence in the same 10 km target grid-square,c. 31% of species recorded from the pre-industrial landscape had disappeared from the post-1960 landscape. Based on statistical inference comparing historical records with present-day biogeographical distributions, up to 38% of species could be inferred to be lost. This study presents a surprisingly high figure for these losses for a region in Britain usually recognized as having a relatively unpolluted environment and a diverse set of lichens. Of 12 species that were inferred to be lost, nine are predominantly found on nutrient-rich bark, and in our study onUlmus, the dominant timber in the archaeological samples. We conclude that shifts in phorophyte distribution and abundance may be more important in this region than previously understood.
RECONSTRUCTING AN ANCIENT AQUATIC LIFEWAY IN THE LAKE CUITZEO BASIN, MICHOACAN, MEXICO
Authors: Williams Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study of subsistence activities (fishing, hunting, gathering, and manufacture) in the Lake Cuitzeo Basin underscores the value of ethnoarchaeology as a tool for reconstructing the ancient aquatic lifeway in the territory of the ancient Tarascan state, which flourished in an environment dominated by lakes, rivers, marshes, and other wetlands. Mesoamerica was the only civilization in the ancient world that lacked major domesticated sources of animal protein, such as cattle, pigs, and sheep. Therefore, the abundant wild aquatic species (fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and plants, among others) played a strategic role in the diet and economy of most Mesoamerican cultures, including the Tarascans. Most of the activities, artifacts, and features linked with aquatic lifeways throughout Mesoamerica are difficult to detect in the archaeological record. As a result, we must rely on ethnographic and ethnohistorical perspectives like the ones discussed here to formulate analogies, in order to understand this important aspect of the ancient past.
THE LATE AND TERMINAL CLASSIC CERAMIC SEQUENCE AT LA MILPA, BELIZE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS OCCUPATION HISTORY
Authors: Sagebiel Kerry Lynn 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPrevious interpretations of the occupation history of La Milpa, Belize, which were based on preliminary ceramic data, suggested that occupation of the site fluctuated dramatically from the Late Preclassic to the Terminal Classic (400b.c.–a.d.850). It was determined that the modest Late Preclassic village became a large Early Classic city with regal-ritual architecture and carved monuments. In Late Classic I, it appeared the site was nearly abandoned. Its reoccupation and exponential growth in Late Classic II was followed by rapid abandonment before the end of the Late Classic III/Terminal Classic. New ceramic analyses utilizing attribute analysis with an emphasis on formal modes has clarified the sequence and, in turn, softened the occupation curves. This article provides descriptions of the Late Classic I, II, and III ceramics, along with revised percentage frequency graphs of La Milpa's occupation history based primarily on the work of the La Milpa Archaeological Project (1992–2002).
MAYA COASTAL PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE, LIFE STYLE, AND POPULATION MOBILITY: A VIEW FROM THE PORT OF XCAMBO, YUCATAN, MEXICO
Authors: Sosa Thelma Sierra , Cucina Andrea , Price T. Douglas , Burton James H. , Tiesler Vera 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAnchored in archaeological, bioarchaeological, and chemical research conducted at the coastal enclave of Xcambo, this paper examines Classic period Maya coastal saline economic production and exchange, along with the lifestyle, ethnicity, and mobility of the traders. Nestled in the coastal marshlands of the northern Yucatan, Mexico, Xcambo functioned as a salt production center and port during its occupation, maintaining long-reaching ties with other parts of the Maya world and Veracruz. Considered together, the different data sets document a reorientation in Xcambo's exchange routes and connections, which are echoed by increasingly diverse cultural affiliations and an increasing geographic mobility of Xcambo's merchants. This new information confirms the known pattern of gradually intensifying, though still relatively independent, trade dynamics along the Maya coast in the centuries leading up to the so-called “Maya collapse” and the rise of a new merchant league under the control of Chichen Itza. It was this new order that probably led to the swift end of Xcambo soon aftera.d.700.
FORMATIVE OBSIDIAN PROCUREMENT AT TRES ZAPOTES, VERACRUZ, MEXICO: IMPLICATIONS FOR OLMEC AND EPI-OLMEC POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Pool Christopher A. , Knight Charles L. F. , Glascock Michael D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report the results of chemical sourcing of obsidian artifacts from Tres Zapotes using X-ray fluorescence analysis. This is the first obsidian sourcing study for this major Olmec and Epi-Olmec center in which samples are drawn from secure archaeological proveniences specifically assigned to Early, Middle, Late Formative, and Protoclassic periods. We employed a stratified random sampling strategy to select 180 obsidian artifacts from excavated assemblages, supplementing the random sample with another 24 specimens drawn from rare visual categories. Consequently, we are able to characterize changes in the relative importance of different obsidian sources in the political economy of Tres Zapotes across the critical transition from Olmec to Epi-Olmec society with greater confidence than has been possible for the Gulf lowlands while extending our observations to the full sample of 5,713 visually characterized obsidian artifacts—2,695 of which come from the well-dated Formative contexts examined in this article. Our study confirms the absence of obsidian from Otumba and from Guatemalan sources in the excavated Olmec assemblage in favor of sources from eastern Puebla and Veracruz, supporting a model of overlapping autonomous networks for obsidian procurement at Gulf Olmec sites. Presence of the Guatemalan San Martín Jilotepeque source in Epi-Olmec contexts may relate to the reestablishment of trans-Isthmian contacts, while increasing prevalence of Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian from eastern Puebla marks the beginning of a long-term trend. Although more even representation of obsidian sources in Epi-Olmec contexts is consistent with the hypothesized transition from an exclusionary Olmec political economy toward a more “corporate” system associated with power sharing among factional leaders at Tres Zapotes, neither Olmec nor Epi-Olmec elites monopolized a particular obsidian source or technology.
PRODUCCIONES PALACIEGAS TENOCHCAS EN OBJETOS DE CONCHA Y LAPIDARIA
Authors: Velázquez Castro Adrián , Melgar Tísoc Emiliano Ricardo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInvestigaciones recientes han mostrado que un buen número de objetos procedentes de las ofrendas del recinto sagrado de Tenochtitlan son producciones locales y no piezas foráneas, obtenidas por tributo, intercambio o saqueo. En el caso de los objetos de concha y lapidaria, sus características formales permiten identificar a un importante grupo no solamente como propio del centro de México, sino como exclusivo de Tenochtitlan e incluso de su templo principal, ya que elementos idénticos no han sido recuperados en otros emplazamientos o en las edificaciones aledañas alHuey Teocallitenochca. El estudio de las técnicas de manufactura de estas piezas ha permitido confirmar esta suposición e incluso proponer la existencia de un estilo tecnológico tenochca. La gran estandarización morfológica y tecnológica de los objetos y su restringida distribución, permiten proponer que su producción se llevaba a cabo en un contexto dependiente, probablemente en el palacio mismo del gobernante mexica.
Associations between socio-economic status and school-day dietary intake in a sample of grade 5–8 students in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Ahmadi Naseam , Black Jennifer L , Velazquez Cayley E , Chapman Gwen E , Veenstra Gerry 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between students’ socio-economic status (SES) and school-day dietary intake, and the roles of parents and peers in shaping these associations.DesignA cross-sectional survey measured school-day intake of vegetables, whole grains, low-fat milk, packaged snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. Logistic regression models examined associations between SES (parental education and food insecurity status) and dietary outcomes during or en route to or from school, and examined whether peer modelling or parental norms potentially mediated the associations between SES and dietary outcomes.SettingTwenty-six public schools in Vancouver, Canada in 2012.SubjectsNine hundred and fifty students in grades 5–8.ResultsStudents whose parents completed some college, compared with those completing high school or less, were significantly more likely to consume vegetables daily (unadjusted OR=1·85; 95 % CI 1·06, 3·22) and students whose parents completed college or university were significantly less likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages daily (unadjusted OR=0·67; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·94). Food secure students were also significantly less likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages daily compared with food insecure students (unadjusted OR=0·52; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·92). Parental norms, but not peer modelling, emerged as a potential mediator of the association between SES and vegetable intake. SES was not significantly associated with the remaining dietary outcomes.ConclusionsHigher SES was significantly associated with two of five school-day dietary outcomes and predicted higher likelihood of daily nutritious food choices at school. The present study suggests that there is room for improvement in school-day dietary quality for students from all SES backgrounds in Vancouver.
(E)RACING SLAVERY
Authors: Weiner Melissa F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTextbooks are explicitly racial texts that offer important insights into national memories of slavery and colonialism. The Dutch have long engaged in the social forgetting of slavery even as race served as an organizing principal during centuries of colonial domination of the Dutch West Indies and Suriname. While the Dutch have recently begun to address their history of enslavement, they have yet to sufficiently address how the discursive legacies of slavery continue to impact the lives of Afro-Dutch descendants of enslaved2AfricansandWhite Dutch in The Netherlands today. This paper uses qualitative content and discourse analytic methods to examine the depiction of slavery, The Netherlands’ role in the slave trade and enslavement, and the commemoration of slavery in all Dutch primary school history textbooks published since 1980 to address questions of whether textbooks feature scientific colonialism to perpetuate The Netherlands’ social forgetting of slavery in a nation that denies the existence of race even as racialized socioeconomic inequalities persist. A Eurocentric master narrative of racial Europeanization perpetuates Dutch social forgetting of slavery and scientific colonialism to both essentialize Afro-Dutch and position their nation squarely within Europe’s history of enslavement even while attempting to minimize their role within it. Findings have important implications for both The Netherlands and all nations with histories of enslavement as the discourses and histories presented in textbooks impact generations of students, who shape local and national policy regarding racial minorities, racial identities, and ideologies.
Magnetic field dispersion in the neighbourhood of Bok Globules
Authors: Rodrigues C. V. , Magalhães V. de S. , Vilas-Boas J. W. , Racca G. , Pereyra A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe performed an observational study of the relation between the interstellar magnetic field alignment and star formation in twenty (20) sky regions containing Bok Globules. The presence of young stellar objects in the globules is verified by a search of infrared sources with spectral energy distribution compatible with a pre main-sequence star. The interstellar magnetic field direction is mapped using optical polarimetry. These maps are used to estimate the dispersion of the interstellar magnetic field direction in each region from a Gaussian fit, σB. In addition to the Gaussian dispersion, we propose a new parameter, η, to measure the magnetic field alignment that does not rely on any function fitting. Statistical tests show that the dispersion of the magnetic field direction is different in star forming globules relative to quiescent globules. Specifically, the less organised magnetic fields occur in regions having young stellar objects.
The magnetosphere of the close accreting PMS binary V4046 Sgr AB
Authors: Gregory S. G. , Holzwarth V. R. , Donati J.-F. , Hussain G. A. J. , Montmerle T. , Alecian E. , Alencar S. H. P. , Argiroffi C. , Audard M. , Bouvier J. , Damiani F. , Güdel M. , Huenemoerder D. P. , Kastner J. H. , Maggio A. , Sacco G. G. , Wade G. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present a preliminary 3D potential field extrapolation model of the joint magnetosphere of the close accreting PMS binary V4046 Sgr. The model is derived from magnetic maps obtained as part of a coordinated optical and X-ray observing program.
Magnetospheric Accretions and the Inner Winds of Classical T Tauri Stars
Authors: Kurosawa Ryuichi , Romanova M. M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent spectropolarimetric observations suggest that young low-mass stars such as classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) possess relatively strong (~kG) magnetic field. This supports a scenario in which the final accretion onto the stellar surface proceeds through a magnetosphere, and the winds are formed in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) processes. We examine recent numerical simulations of magnetospheric accretions via an inclined dipole and a complex magnetic fields. The difference between a stable accretion regime, in which accretion occurs in ordered funnel streams, and an unstable regime, in which gas penetrates through the magnetosphere in several unstable streams due to the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability, will be discussed. We describe how MHD simulation results can be used in separate radiative transfer (RT) models to predict observable quantiles such as line profiles and light curves. The plausibility of the accretion flows and outflows predicted by MHD simulations (via RT models) can be tested against observations. We also address the issue of outflows/winds that arise from the innermost part of CTTSs. First, we discuss the line formations in a simple disk wind and a stellar wind models. We then discuss the formation of the conically shaped magnetically driven outflow that arises from the disk-magnetosphere boundary when the magnetosphere is compressed into an X-type configuration.