bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondrule sizes within the CM carbonaceous chondrites and measurement methodologies
Authors: Floyd C. J. , Benito S. , Martin P.‐E. , Jenkins L. E. , Dunham E. , Daly L. , Lee M. R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe sizes of chondrules are a valuable tool for understanding relationships between meteorite groups and the affinity of ungrouped chondrites, documenting temporal/spatial variability in the solar nebula, and exploring the effects of parent body processing. Many of the recently reported sizes of chondrules within the CM carbonaceous chondrites differ significantly from the established literature average and are more closely comparable to those of chondrules within CO chondrites. Here, we report an updated analysis of chondrule dimensions within the CM group based on data from 1937 chondrules, obtained across a suite of CM lithologies ranging from petrologic subtypes CM2.2 to CM2.7. Our revised average CM chondrule size is 194 μm. Among the samples examined, a relationship was observed between petrologic subtype and chondrule size such that chondrule long‐axis lengths are greater in the more highly aqueously altered lithologies. These findings suggest a greater similarity between the CM and CO chondrites than previously thought and support arguments for a genetic link between the two groups (i.e., the CM‐CO clan). Using the 2‐D and 3‐D data gathered, we also apply numerous stereological corrections to examine their usefulness in correcting 2‐D chondrule measurements within the CM chondrites. Alongside this analysis, we present the details of a standardized methodology for 2‐D chondrule size measurement to facilitate more reliable inter‐study comparisons.
Bright New Resources for Syphilis Research: Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Tags for Treponema pallidum and Sf1Ep Cells
Authors: Grillová Linda , Romeis Emily , Lieberman Nicole A. P. , Tantalo Lauren C. , Xu Linda H. , Molini Barbara , Trejos Aldo T. , Lacey George , Goulding David , Thomson Nicholas R. , Greninger Alexander L. , Giacani Lorenzo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe recently discovered methodologies to cultivate and genetically manipulate Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum) have significantly helped syphilis research, allowing the in vitro evaluation of antibiotic efficacy, performance of controlled studies to assess differential treponemal gene expression, and generation of loss‐of‐function mutants to evaluate the contribution of specific genetic loci to T. pallidum virulence. Building on this progress, we engineered the T. pallidum SS14 strain to express a red‐shifted green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Sf1Ep cells to express mCherry and blue fluorescent protein (BFP) for enhanced visualization. These new resources improve microscopy‐ and cell sorting–based applications for T. pallidum, better capturing the physical interaction between the host and pathogen, among other possibilities. Continued efforts to develop and share new tools and resources are required to help our overall knowledge of T. pallidum biology and syphilis pathogenesis reach that of other bacterial pathogens, including spirochetes.
High rate of gene family evolution in proximity to the origin of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in Inocybaceae
Authors: Khan Faheema Kalsoom , Sánchez‐García Marisol , Johannesson Hanna , Ryberg Martin 
Published: August 2024

Summary

The genomes of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi have a reduced number of genes encoding Carbohydrate‐Active EnZymes (CAZymes), expansions in transposable elements (TEs) and small secreted proteins (SSPs) compared with saprotrophs. Fewer genes for specific peptidases and lipases in ECM fungi are also reported. It is unclear whether these changes occur at the shift to the ECM habit or are more gradual throughout the evolution of ECM lineages.

We generated a genomic dataset of 20 species in the ECM lineage Inocybaceae and compared them with six saprotrophic species.

Inocybaceae genomes have fewer CAZymes, peptidases, lipases, secondary metabolite clusters and SSPs and higher TE content than their saprotrophic relatives. There was an increase in the rate of gene family evolution along the branch with the transition to the ECM lifestyle. This branch had very high rate of evolution in CAZymes and had the largest number of contractions. Other significant changes along this branch included expansions in transporters, transposons‐related genes and communication genes such as fungal kinases.

There is a high concentration of changes in proximity to the transition to the ECM lifestyle, which correspond to the identified key changes for the gain of this lifestyle.
Assessing perceptions of orthognathic surgery outcomes: A study among dental and non‐dental health professionals
Authors: Monk J. H. , Nanayakkara T. , Puwakdandawa D. , De Silva H. L. , Farella M. , De Silva R. K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFacial aesthetics often dominate our social perceptions. For most Skeletal Class III patients, facial aesthetics is the chief complaint when seeking orthognathic surgery; therefore, the changes to appearance after surgery are of the utmost importance.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the level of facial aesthetic improvement following bimaxillary osteotomy as perceived by health professionals with different backgrounds and knowledge of orthodontics.MethodsThirty evaluators were selected among specialist orthodontists (n = 10), general dentists (n = 10), and family medical practitioners (n = 10) and were requested to evaluate 16 skeletal class III patients (males; n = 8, females; n = 8) treated at a hospital‐based orthodontic clinic. Customised questionnaires were prepared using visual analogue scales to score pre and post‐surgery photographic (frontal and lateral) profiles. Questions surrounded perceptions of the overall facial attractiveness and the attractiveness of soft tissue neck, chin, lips, and nose.ResultsImprovements were detected overall and in all sub‐domain scores between pre and post‐surgery for all evaluator groups. Orthodontists found the greatest improvement, while family medical practitioners gave the least. All health professional evaluators perceived the benefits of bimaxillary osteotomy for facial attractiveness. The perceived benefit was most significant among specialist orthodontists, representing a need for restraint from overestimating surgical outcomes.ConclusionPerceptions of improvement following combined orthognathic surgery depend on background knowledge of orthodontics; additionally, the involvement of family medical practitioners in the planning of orthognathic outcomes may be indicated.
The prognostic implications of cuproptosis‐related gene signature and the potential of PPIC as a promising biomarker in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Zhou Bin , Sha Shanshan , Wang Qi , Sun Shuomin , Tao Juan , Zhu Jinjin , Dong Liyun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCutaneous melanoma is the most lethal of all skin tumors. Recently, cuproptosis, a novel form of cell death linked to oxidative phosphorylation, has emerged as an important factor. However, the precise role of cuproptosis in melanoma remains unclear. Our research explored the potential links between cuproptosis‐related genes, prognosis, immune microenvironments, and melanoma treatments. Significantly, cuproptosis regulators showed remarkable differences between melanoma and normal tissues, establishing their relevance to melanoma. The newly developed cuproptosis‐related gene signature (CGS) demonstrated a robust ability to predict overall survival (OS) in melanoma. We constructed a novel nomogram that combined clinical features with CGS to improve predictive accuracy. In addition, the study revealed correlations between CGS and immune cell populations, including CD8+T cells, Tfh cells, B cells, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. Within the CGS, Peptidylprolyl isomerase C (PPIC) emerged as the most strongly associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance in melanoma. PPIC was identified as a promoter of melanoma progression, enhancing cell invasiveness while concurrently suppressing CD8+T cell activation. This comprehensive study not only elucidated the intricate connections between CGS, melanoma prognosis, immune microenvironment, and drug resistance but also provided compelling evidence supporting PPIC as a promising biomarker for predicting OS in melanoma treatment.
Women as presidents: The impact on the female labor force
Authors: Schettini Daniela Carla Decaro , Rodrigues Ana Helena Baptista 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFemale participation in the labor market has been seen as a driver of economic growth and human development, but its recent expansion has been surprisingly slow. We ask whether women presidents, who have the power to influence gender disparities, can influence the female participation in the labor market, compared with male presidents. Selecting three South American countries that have recently been led by women presidents—Argentina, Brazil, and Chile—, we find that women's presidential mandates are positively related to the participation of the female labor force and to the unemployment rates, compared with men, and with a reduction of the gender gap in the labor force and unemployment rate by 0.6 points. The results suggest that women in high political positions are therefore able to make changes with possible consequences for a more gender‐equal society.
Patriarchal norms and women's labor market outcomes
Authors: Mukherjee Anirban , Sarkhel Sukanya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGender discrimination in the labor market is usually seen as the result of the employers' cultural bias. In this article, we see the issue from a larger perspective by combining both labor market and household decision making together. It is often observed that women, prioritizing their families over their careers, settle for less paying and less demanding job profiles. This leads to gender wage gap even if the employers do not discriminate between male and female employees. We argue that women may make such choices in presence of patriarchal social norms, which see household chores as the primary duty of women. Our theoretical model predicts that women coming from families with stronger patriarchal values are more likely to accept less paying (and less demanding) jobs in the labor market than the women from liberal families. Our empirical section that uses a nationally representative survey data from India provides support for our theoretical predictions. Our results are robust to different measures of patriarchal culture. We also show that the marginal effect of patriarchy on women's wage varies across occupations and places of residence.
Clinical analysis of 10 cases with subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma and tissue AURKA expression
Authors: Zheng Zhixin , Teng Jinglei , Zeng Ming , Lu Chun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to its rarity, subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is often misdiagnosed as benign panniculitis, and there are no standardized treatment guidelines for SPTCL. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) plays a regulatory role in both mitosis and meiosis. Cells treated with an AURKA inhibitor showed severe mitotic delay, which triggered apoptosis.Materials and MethodsTen cases of SPTCL were collected in this study, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect AURKA expression in the skin tissues of these cases. Control groups were set as follows: 1) 10 cases of inflammatory panniculitis; 2) 9 healthy individuals. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the positive rates of AURKA among various groups.ResultsAn average onset age of 27.3 years was found in 10 SPTCL cases. Clinically, these patients primarily presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the trunk and lower extremities, accompanied by intermittent high fever. One case showed lymph node metastasis, while no other distant organ metastasis being observed in any case. Pathologically, there was an infiltration of a large number of atypical lymphocytes within the fat lobules, characterized as a cytotoxic type. AURKA stanning was positive in 6 out of 10 SPTCL cases, while no positive cases were found in the control groups.Conclusion1) SPTCL predominantly affects young individuals and can be identified by nodular erythema on the trunk, intermittent high fever, and infiltration of atypical cytotoxic lymphocytes within fat lobules. 2) For early‐stage cases without metastasis, monotherapy with glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine can be considered. 3) High expression of AURKA in SPTCL tissues suggests that AURKA could be a potential biomarker for disease diagnosis, providing a theoretical basis for further targeted therapy.
Phylogeny and evolution of the cicada tribe Polyneurini (Hemiptera, Cicadidae)
Authors: Wang Jiali , Zhang Wenzhe , Yang Jingyuan , Hayashi Masami , Wei Cong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRepeated and convergent evolution of wing venation may have contributed to the diversification and evolution of the cicada tribe Polyneurini, which are well known for colourful wings and complex wing venation. We investigated the phylogeny and diversification of Polyneurini based on morphological characters and molecular data, as well as molecular data of their obligate endosymbiont ‘Candidatus Sulcia muelleri’ (hereafter referred to as Sulcia). Phylogenetic analyses do not support the monophyly of the formerly defined subtribes Polyneurina and Formotosenina. Accordingly, Parapolyneura Wang, Hayashi & Wei gen. n. is erected for Pa. guoliangi (Wang & Liu) comb. n.; Formotosena pervalida Wang, Hayashi & Wei sp. n. and F. maculata Wang, Hayashi & Wei sp. n. are established; Proretinata Chou & Yao stat. rev. is resurrected from junior synonymy with Angamiana Distant; five junior synonyms are recognized for Pr. floridula (Distant) comb. n., and four junior synonyms are proposed for Po. cheni Chou & Yao. The subtribes of Polyneurini are redefined, in which Polyneura Westwood, Parapolyneura gen. n., Angamiana and Proretinata stat. rev. are included in Polyneurina, and Formotosena kato and Graptopsaltria Stål trans. n. in Formotosenina. The phylogeny of the very conservative Sulcia mirrors the host phylogeny, which supports the redefinition of the two subtribes in Polyneurini. Polyneurini likely originated and initially diversified during the Mid‐Miocene. Dramatic Pleistocene climatic oscillations together with the sea‐level fluctuations had profound effects on the diversification and vicariance of Polyneurini. The reticulate wing venation most likely evolved three times in Polyneurini. This study improves our understanding of diversification and evolution of this unique cicada tribe and serves as an example for future studies on the diversification of Cicadidae.
The use of predictive modelling to determine the likelihood of donor return during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Hindawi Salwa , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Ang Ai Leen , Bazin Renee , Bloch Evan M. , Counts Kelley , de Angelis Vincenzo , Goel Ruchika , Grubovic Rastvorceva Rada M. , Pati Ilaria , Lee Cheuk‐Kwong , La Raja Massimo , Mengoli Carlo , Oreh Adaeze , Patidar Gopal Kumar , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Ravula Usharee , Rexer Karl , So‐Osman Cynthia , Thachil Jecko , Nevessignsky Michel Toungouz , Vermeulen Marion 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) uses sophisticated algorithms to “learn” from large volumes of data. This could be used to optimise recruitment of blood donors through predictive modelling of future blood supply, based on previous donation and transfusion demand. We sought to assess utilisation of predictive modelling and AI blood establishments (BE) and conducted predictive modelling to illustrate its use. A BE survey of data modelling and AI was disseminated to the International Society of Blood transfusion members. Additional anonymzed data were obtained from Italy, Singapore and the United States (US) to build predictive models for each region, using January 2018 through August 2019 data to determine likelihood of donation within a prescribed number of months. Donations were from March 2020 to June 2021. Ninety ISBT members responded to the survey. Predictive modelling was used by 33 (36.7%) respondents and 12 (13.3%) reported AI use. Forty‐four (48.9%) indicated their institutions do not utilise predictive modelling nor AI to predict transfusion demand or optimise donor recruitment. In the predictive modelling case study involving three sites, the most important variable for predicting donor return was number of previous donations for Italy and the US, and donation frequency for Singapore. Donation rates declined in each region during COVID‐19. Throughout the observation period the predictive model was able to consistently identify those individuals who were most likely to return to donate blood. The majority of BE do not use predictive modelling and AI. The effectiveness of predictive model in determining likelihood of donor return was validated; implementation of this method could prove useful for BE operations.
How do imports drive the domestic value added of China? The roles of input imports and demand imports
Authors: Zeng Can , Zhang Yabin , Wang Zhenguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA comprehensive exploration into the effects of imports on China's economic growth is crucial for coping with fluctuating import dependency shocks. This paper proposes an integrated domestic value added accounting framework incorporating the roles of imports, that is input imports and demand imports and then employs the chaining structural decomposition analysis (SDA), the international geographic decomposition method, and the domestic sectoral decomposition models to further evaluate how imports affected the formations and changes in domestic value added by final demand category. Using the input–output tables from the ADB database, we find that, at the aggregate level, the input import effect fluctuates more significantly than the demand import effect, and its changing trend shows an opposite relationship with that of import dependency. At the sectoral level, input import changes that impact domestic economic growth from the supply and demand side are mainly attributed to the transmission of critical downstream and upstream sectors along industry chains. The governments should thus focus their attention on industry linkages to guarantee the security and resilience of critical domestic supply chains. The sectoral demand import effect shows the importance of improving local supply for people's essential life requirements and upgrading the domestic industry chains of some knowledge‐intensive sectors.
Media's Perception of China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC): A Framing Analysis of Media Discourse on Chinese Investments in Myanmar
Authors: Oo Zeyar , Dai Yonghong , Edderssi Yasmine , Dipak Devkota , Singh Bandana 
Published: August 2024

Since media liberalization in 2011, news media has played a critical role in shaping public opinion, impacting the government’s policy-making process. After the emergence of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) in 2018, Chinese projects have increasingly attracted media attention in Myanmar. Previous studies mainly focus on Chinese projects with different perspectives, such as geopolitics and international perspectives, while lacking an understanding of media. Therefore, this article set out to study media perceptions of Chinese projects under the CMEC to examine how the news media frames Chinese projects in Myanmar. Qualitative content analysis with Entman’s four frames was applied to find media frames with Chinese investments in Myanmar. Three news media outlets, Eleven News, The Irrawaddy, and Radio Free Asia (RFA), were selected to find critical news stories related to Chinese projects under the CMEC. 15 news stories (N=15) between 2018 to the present were selected, and the study was systematically conducted, following Braun and Clarkes’ six-phase-analytical process. The study proved that four themes addressed the research question, "How do news media frame news about Chinese projects in Myanmar?” It was concluded that news media primarily framed two factors, public concerns and domestic issues, that impeded the successful implementation of Chinese investments in Myanmar. Finally, the study found that news media called for effective collaboration between China and Myanmar to ensure mutual benefits. It also further recommended that future research should consider longitudinal studies to examine media framing impacts public opinion and policy changes, and to incorporate a wider range of media sources to improve the generalizability of findings to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of media perceptions over time.
Preservice Classroom Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Toward Providing Physical Activity in the Classroom
Authors: McKown Hayley B. , Centeio Erin E. , Maeda Julienne K. , Morgan Charles F. , Serna Kuulei 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand preservice classroom teachers’ perceptions of and efficacy toward providing physical activity (PA) during the school day. Method: One hundred and seventy-one participants (89% women; 12 universities; 25% secondary) participated in this exploratory sequential mixed-methods study. Teachers participated in a survey that included validated scales, and 20 teachers participated in follow-up interviews. Results: A series of analyses of variance showed significant differences between level of certification sought and teacher efficacy toward providing PA, specifically in areas of institutional and general self-efficacy. Regressions revealed that PA enjoyment was the only significant predictor of teacher efficacy (general, psychological, institutional, and educational efficacy) toward providing PA. Qualitative themes included: (a) perceived benefits of PA, (b) the need for meaningful preparation, and (c) motivation and enjoyment. Conclusion: Increasing PA enjoyment and providing professional development could help preservice classroom teachers be more efficacious toward providing PA in the classroom.