bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of the novel tumour suppressor and polarity gene Trim62 (Dear1) synergizes with oncogenic Ras in invasive lung cancer
Authors: Quintás‐Cardama Alfonso , Post Sean M , Solis Luisa M , Xiong Shunbin , Yang Peirong , Chen Nanyue , Wistuba Ignacio I , Killary Ann M , Lozano Guillermina 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDeregulation of cell polarity proteins has been linked to the processes of invasion and metastasis. TRIM62 is a regulator of cell polarity and a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that human non‐small cell lung cancer lesions show a step‐wise loss of TRIM62 levels during disease progression, which was associated with poor clinical outcomes. To directly examine the role of Trim62 in development of lung cancer, we deleted Trim62 in a mutant K‐Ras mouse model of lung cancer. In this context, haploinsufficiency of Trim62 synergized with a K‐RasG12D mutation to promote invasiveness and disrupt three‐dimensional morphogenesis, both of which are associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transitions. Re‐expression of Trim62 reverted these phenotypes in tumour cell lines. Thus, Trim62 loss cooperates with K‐Ras mutation in tumourigenesis and metastasis in vivo, indicating that decreased levels of TRIM62 may play an important role in the evolution of lung cancer. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of graft length and density of well‐defined graft polymers on the thermoresponsive behavior and self‐assembly morphology
Authors: Jiang Bingyan , Zhang Lei , Yan Jie , Huang Qingquan , Liao Bing , Pang Hao 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA series of well‐defined thermoresponsive graft polymers with different lengths and graft densities, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylate) (PGMA‐g‐PNIPAM), were successfully prepared by combination of controlled/living free radical polymerization and click chemistry. Effects of grafting length and density on the thermoresponsive behavior, aggregating mean diameter, and self‐assembly morphology are systematically investigated. The thermosensitive characteristics of graft polymers in aqueous solution prove that the length and graft density had positive co‐relationship with the lower critical solution temperature value and mean diameter of micelles as well as the size distribution, while the effect of graft length of polymers is more significant than that of density. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the conformations of PGMA45‐g‐PNIPAM20 and PGMA45‐g‐PNIPAM46 with longer length and bigger grafting density in aqueous solutions are spherical nanoparticles with the increasing trend of the diameters, while that of PGMA45‐g‐PNIPAM(73, 50%) shows a spherical‐like morphology, which indicates that the graft length and density have a significant effect on the mean diameter of micelle but not on the self‐assembly morphology. These results reveal that to obtain desired thermoresponsive behavior and self‐assembly morphology of functional polymers, it is essential to design and fabricate the structure of graft polymers with proper length and graft density. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2442–2453
Active Mixing in Microchamber using Cilia of Vorticella convallaria
Authors: Nagai Moeto , Hayasaka Yo , Kawashima Takahiro , Shibata Takayuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInnovative engineering systems can potentially be developed by using biological motors and artificial structures in combination. In this study, we demonstrate active microfluidic mixing using the cilia of living Vorticella microorganisms. We apply the nature of particle transport by Vorticella to mix solutions in a stop flow. Two solutions are injected into a microchannel where Vorticella is immobilized. Pneumatic valves are closed to form microchambers for mixing. The ciliary motion of Vorticella induces mixing in the chambers. The mixing process of solutions by Vorticella is characterized. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Time‐lapse embryo imaging for improving reproductive outcomes: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Polanski L. T. , Coelho Neto M. A. , Nastri C. O. , Navarro P. A. , Ferriani R. A. , Raine‐Fenning N. , Martins W. P. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify, appraise and summarize the available evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of time‐lapse embryo monitoring on the main outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing time‐lapse embryo imaging with standard embryo monitoring. Our primary outcomes were live births (efficacy) and congenital abnormalities (safety). The secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and miscarriage.ResultsTwo RCTs were considered eligible, and their data were extracted and included in a meta‐analysis. In both studies embryos were transferred at the blastocyst stage. No studies reported rates of live birth or congenital abnormalities. Our estimates were not sufficiently precise to identify whether time‐lapse monitoring provided a small benefit, no effect or minor harm on rates of clinical pregnancy (relative risk (RR), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.80–1.38)) or ongoing pregnancy (RR, 1.05 (95% CI, 0.76–1.45)), based on two studies involving 138 women with moderate‐quality evidence. Considering the available data, we were unable to determine whether the intervention poses substantial benefit, no effect or substantial harm in the risk of miscarriage (RR, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.30–2.99)), based on two studies involving 76 clinical pregnancies with low‐quality evidence.ConclusionsTime‐lapse embryo imaging is unlikely to have a large effect on the chance of achieving clinical and/or ongoing pregnancy when transferring embryos at the blastocyst stage. More studies are required to improve the quality of the current evidence and also to examine whether this intervention is useful when transferring embryos at the cleavage stage. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Feindosiertes Vakuum
Authors: Volkmer Reinhard , Stiebritz Ingo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBesteht der Wunsch, in einer Vakuumanlage über einen weiten Druckbereich beliebige Arbeitspunkte anfahren und halten zu können, ist üblicherweise ein hoher technischer Aufwand mit spezifischen Regelinstrumenten für mehrere Teilbereiche erforderlich. Unter Nutzung eines motorgesteuerten Feindosierventils ist es gelungen, eine präzise Druckregelung über das gesamte Vakuumspektrum von Atmosphäre bis ins Ultrahochvakuum zu ermöglichen. Im Ergebnis steht ein kostengünstiges und einfach zu wartendes System, das insbesondere für Testmessungen an verschiedensten Totaldrucksensoren sowie für Werkskalibrierungen solcher Sensoren geeignet ist.
Phylogenetic networks: a new form of multivariate data summary for data mining and exploratory data analysis
Authors: Morrison David A. 
Published: June 2014

Exploratory data analysis (EDA) involving both graphical displays and numerical summaries of data, is intended to evaluate the characteristics of the data as well as providing a form of data mining. For multivariate data, the best‐known visual summaries include discriminant analysis, ordination, and clustering, particularly metric ordinations such as principal components analysis. However, these techniques have limiting mathematical assumptions that are not always realistic. Recently, network techniques have been developed in the biological field of phylogenetics that address some of these limitations. They are now widely used in biology under the name phylogenetic networks, but they are actually of general applicability to any multivariate dataset. Phylogenetic networks are fast and relatively easy to calculate, which makes them ideal as a tool forEDA. This review provides an overview of the field, with particular reference to the use of what are called splits graphs. There are several types of splits graph, which summarize the multivariate data in different ways. Example analyses are presented based on the neighbor‐net graph, which seems to be the most generally useful of the available algorithms. This should encourage the more widespread use of these networks whenever a summary of a multivariate dataset is required.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Biological Data MiningApplication Areas > Data Mining Software ToolsTechnologies > Structure Discovery and ClusteringTechnologies > Visualization
Continuous Irrigation as a Therapeutic Option for Graft Infections of the Groin
Authors: Thermann Florian , Wollert Ulrich 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground
Wound infections following vascular procedures occur in 1–7 % of patients and can lead to severe problems including amputation and death. There are no established treatment options for this complication. The aim of our study was to introduce continuous irrigation as a new treatment technique.Methods
We retrospectively evaluated patients who had undergone bypass surgery involving the groin and had been treated with continuous irrigation because of deep wound infections. The irrigation solution was saline in all cases. The patients were additionally treated with antibiotics. The end point of the study was either complete wound healing or complications such as recurrent infection, amputation, or death.ResultsWound complications occurred in 65 (15.3 %) of 424 operations. Overall, 20 patients (4.7 %) developed a deep wound infection involving prosthetic graft material. They were treated with continuous irrigation. Complete wound healing was achieved in 13 cases (65.0 %). One patient died. No amputations were necessary.ConclusionsBased on our results, constant irrigation may be a therapeutic option in patients with deep wound infections. The main advantages of continuous irrigation over other treatments are ongoing bacterial reduction despite primary wound closure and the ability to measure the remaining colonization by microbiologic examination of the irrigation fluid.
Predicted new large oil pools in the main petroliferous belt of the Lena–Tunguska province
Authors: Mel’nikov N.V. , Vymyatnin A.A. , Mel’nikov P.N. , Smirnov E.V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Almost all the gas–oil and oil–gas fields in the Lena–Tunguska province (Siberian Platform) were discovered in the Baikit, Katanga, and Nepa–Botuobiya petroliferous regions, which form an E–W-striking band. The latter, named “the main petroliferous belt,” includes one giant and 11 large fields (by recoverable oil reserves).
New large oil pools are predicted within the main belt. The prediction is based on the analysis of geological data and the quantitative estimation of hydrocarbon resources. Promising areas with large fields in the Baikit, Katanga, and Nepa–Botuobiya petroleum regions are substantiated.
Naphthides of continental hydrotherms (Uzon, Yellowstone, New Zealand): Geochemistry and genesis
Authors: Fursenko E.A. , Kashirtsev V.A. , Kontorovich A.E. , Fomin A.N. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We summarize and analyze the available data on naphthide shows in continental zones of active hydrothermal and modern volcanic activity (Uzon Volcano caldera, Yellowstone National Park, and New Zealand springs) and examine their similarity and difference. The analysis demonstrated that hydrothermal naphthides formed from lipids of living matter of different nature: phytoplankton, bacterial communities, archaea, and remains of higher land plants, including spores and pollen, which might have been supplied to the sediment through eolian transportation. Hydrothermal naphthides are different in the degree of maturity, but in general they are less transformed than most of basin oils. Their group composition and distribution of n-alkanes evidence that they were subject to hypergenesis, which led to the loss of light fractions, oxidation, and biodegradation.
Generation characteristics of organic matter and distribution of biomarkers in bitumens of the Riphean, Vendian, and Cambrian source rocks of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Dakhnova M.V. , Zheglova T.P. , Mozhegova S.V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The distribution of biomarkers in bitumens of source rocks of different ages in the southern Siberian Platform is studied to elucidate the correlation between oils and their sources. It is shown that the bitumens of Riphean, Vendian, and Lower–Middle Cambrian source rocks are different in some parameters reflecting the type of primary biogenic material, first of all, in the distribution of n-alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids and in the portions of steranes and triterpanes among polycyclic naphthenes. The revealed difference in the composition and distribution of biomarkers in bitumens of source rocks of different ages can be used to identify the sources of hydrocarbons in discovered pools.
Taylor vortices versus Taylor columns
Authors: Tuckerman Laurette S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTaylor–Couette flow is inevitably associated with the visually appealing toroidal vortices, waves, and spirals that are instigated by linear instability. The linearly stable regimes, however, pose a new challenge: do they undergo transition to turbulence and if so, what is its mechanism? Maretzke et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 742, 2014, pp. 254–290) begin to address this question by determining the transient growth over the entire parameter space. They find that in the quasi-Keplerian regime, the optimal perturbations take the form of Taylor columns and that the maximum energy achieved depends only on the shear.
The mechanism of shape instability for a vesicle in extensional flow
Authors: Narsimhan Vivek , Spann Andrew P. , Shaqfeh Eric S. G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhen a flexible vesicle is placed in an extensional flow (planar or uniaxial), it undergoes two unique sets of shape transitions that to the best of the authors’ knowledge have not been observed for droplets. At intermediate reduced volumes (i.e. intermediate particle aspect ratio) and high extension rates, the vesicle stretches into an asymmetric dumbbell separated by a long, cylindrical thread. At low reduced volumes (i.e. high particle aspect ratio), the vesicle extends symmetrically without bound, in a manner similar to the breakup of liquid droplets. During this ‘burst’ phase, ‘pearling’ occasionally occurs, where the vesicle develops a series of periodic beads in its central neck. In this paper, we describe the physical mechanisms behind these seemingly unrelated instabilities by solving the Stokes flow equations around a single, fluid-filled particle whose interfacial dynamics is governed by a Helfrich energy (i.e. the membranes are inextensible with bending resistance). By examining the linear stability of the steady-state shapes, we determine that vesicles are destabilized by curvature changes on its interface, similar to the Rayleigh–Plateau phenomenon. This result suggests that the vesicle’s initial geometry plays a large role in its shape transitions under tension. The stability criteria calculated by our simulations and scaling analyses agree well with available experiments. We hope that this work will lend insight into the stretching dynamics of other types of biological particles with nearly incompressible membranes, such as cells.
Parents’ food choice motives and their associations with children’s food preferences
Authors: Russell Catherine G , Worsley Anthony , Liem Djin G 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to investigate parents’ motives for selecting foods for their children and the associations between these motives and children’s food preferences.DesignCross-sectional survey. A modified version of the Food Choice Questionnaire was used to assess parents’ food choice motives. Parents also reported children’s liking/disliking of 176 food and beverage items on 5-point Likert scales. Patterns of food choice motives were examined with exploratory principal component analysis. Associations between motives and children’s food preferences were assessed with linear regression while one-way and two-way ANOVA were used to test for sociodemographic differences.SettingTwo Australian cities.SubjectsParents (n 371) of 2–5-year-old children.ResultsHealth, nutrition and taste were key motivators for parents, whereas price, political concerns and advertising were among the motives considered least important. The more parents’ food choice for their children was driven by what their children wanted, the less children liked vegetables (β =−0·27, P<0·01), fruit (β=−0·19, P<0·01) and cereals (β=−0·28, P<0·01) and the higher the number of untried foods (r=0·17, P<0·01). The reverse was found for parents’ focus on natural/ethical motives (vegetables β=0·17, P<0·01; fruit β=0·17, P<0·01; cereals β=0·14, P=0·01). Health and nutrition motives bordered on statistical significance as predictors of children’s fruit and vegetable preferences.ConclusionsAlthough parents appear well intentioned in their motives for selecting children’s foods, there are gaps to be addressed in the nature of such motives (e.g. selecting foods in line with the child’s desires) or the translation of health motives into healthy food choices.
Mapping the force field of a hydrogen-bonded assembly
Authors: Sweetman A. M. , Jarvis S. P. , Sang Hongqian , Lekkas I. , Rahe P. , Wang Yu , Wang Jianbo , Champness N.R. , Kantorovich L. , Moriarty P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHydrogen bonding underpins the properties of a vast array of systems spanning a wide variety of scientific fields. From the elegance of base pair interactions in DNA to the symmetry of extended supramolecular assemblies, hydrogen bonds play an essential role in directing intermolecular forces. Yet fundamental aspects of the hydrogen bond continue to be vigorously debated. Here we use dynamic force microscopy (DFM) to quantitatively map the tip-sample force field for naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules hydrogen-bonded in two-dimensional assemblies. A comparison of experimental images and force spectra with their simulated counterparts shows that intermolecular contrast arises from repulsive tip-sample interactions whose interpretation can be aided via an examination of charge density depletion across the molecular system. Interpreting DFM images of hydrogen-bonded systems therefore necessitates detailed consideration of the coupled tip-molecule system: analyses based on intermolecular charge density in the absence of the tip fail to capture the essential physical chemistry underpinning the imaging mechanism.
Hydrodynamic alignment and assembly of nanofibrils resulting in strong cellulose filaments
Authors: Håkansson Karl M. O. , Fall Andreas B. , Lundell Fredrik , Yu Shun , Krywka Christina , Roth Stephan V. , Santoro Gonzalo , Kvick Mathias , Prahl Wittberg Lisa , Wågberg Lars , Söderberg L. Daniel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCellulose nanofibrils can be obtained from trees and have considerable potential as a building block for biobased materials. In order to achieve good properties of these materials, the nanostructure must be controlled. Here we present a process combining hydrodynamic alignment with a dispersion–gel transition that produces homogeneous and smooth filaments from a low-concentration dispersion of cellulose nanofibrils in water. The preferential fibril orientation along the filament direction can be controlled by the process parameters. The specific ultimate strength is considerably higher than previously reported filaments made of cellulose nanofibrils. The strength is even in line with the strongest cellulose pulp fibres extracted from wood with the same degree of fibril alignment. Successful nanoscale alignment before gelation demands a proper separation of the timescales involved. Somewhat surprisingly, the device must not be too small if this is to be achieved.
Current breast cancer proliferative markers correlate variably based on decoupled duration of cell cycle phases
Authors: Lee Lik Hang , Yang Hua , Bigras Gilbert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMitotic count, PhH3 and MIB-1 are used as measures of the proportion of proliferating malignant cells in surgical pathology. They highlight different stages of the cell cycle, but little is known about how this affects their counts. This study assesses the strength of their correlations and attempts to determine the relationship between them. Proliferation counts for forty-nine consecutive cases of invasive breast carcinomas were analyzed, with the same tumor area on each stain counted using digital image analysis. The integrated optical density (IOD) of nuclei was measured as an approximation of nuclear DNA content. PhH3 strongly correlated with mitotic count (r = 0.94). Weaker correlations were found between MIB-1 versus PhH3 (r = 0.79) and mitotic count (r = 0.83). Nuclear IOD showed stronger correlation with MIB-1 (r = 0.37) than to mitotic count (r = 0.23) and PhH3 (r = 0.34). With evidence from a literature review, it is suggested that the weaker correlations with MIB-1 are not explained by count imprecision or error, but relies on temporal decorrelation between cell cycle phases. Consequences on correlation between these proliferative markers are illustrated by mathematical models.
Testing of a femtosecond pulse laser in outer space
Authors: Lee Joohyung , Lee Keunwoo , Jang Yoon-Soo , Jang Heesuk , Han Seongheum , Lee Sang-Hyun , Kang Kyung-In , Lim Chul-Woo , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Seung-Woo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report a test operation of an Er-doped fibre femtosecond laser which was conducted for the first time in outer space. The fibre-based ultrashort pulse laser payload was designed to meet space-use requirements, undergone through ground qualification tests and finally launched into a low-earth orbit early in 2013. Test results obtained during a one-year mission lifetime confirmed stable mode-locking all the way through although the radiation induced attenuation (RIA) in the Er-doped gain fibre caused an 8.6% reduction in the output power. This successful test operation would help facilitate diverse scientific and technological applications of femtosecond lasers in space and earth atmosphere in the near future.
A synchrotron-radiation-based variable angle ellipsometer for the visible to vacuum ultraviolet spectral range
Authors: Neumann M. D. , Cobet C. , Kaser H. , Kolbe M. , Gottwald A. , Richter M. , Esser N. 
Published: May 2014

A rotating analyzer spectroscopic polarimeter and ellipsometer with a wide-range θ-2θ goniometer installed at the Insertion Device Beamline of the Metrology Light Source in Berlin is presented. With a combination of transmission- and reflection-based polarizing elements and the inherent degree of polarization of the undulator radiation, this ellipsometer is able to cover photon energies from about 2 eV up to 40 eV. Additionally, a new compensator design based on a CaF2 Fresnel rhomb is presented. This compensator allows ellipsometric measurements with circular polarization in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range and thus, for example, the characterization of depolarizing samples. The new instrument was initially used for the characterization of the polarization of the beamline. The technical capabilities of the ellipsometer are demonstrated by a cohesive wide-range measurement of the dielectric function of epitaxially grown ZnO.