bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
True Black nightshades: Phylogeny and delimitation of the Morelloid clade of Solanum
Authors: Särkinen Tiina , Barboza Gloria E. , Knapp Sandra 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Morelloid clade of Solanum, also known as the black nightshades or Maurella (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum. The pantropical clade consists of ca. 76 non‐spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. Although the core members of the clade have long been recognised, complete circumscription of the Morelloid clade has remained elusive. Here we provide the first detailed molecular study of the clade. Plastid (trnT‐F intergenic spacers), nuclear ribosomal ITS, and low‐copy nuclear (waxy) data show three of the four previously unplaced taxa loosely associated with the Morelloids to be placed outside (S. anomalostemon, S. valdiviense, S. reductum), whilst S. salicifolium, a species previously associated with the Dulcamaroid clade, is found to be nested within the group. Four monophyletic groups within the Morelloids can be recognised: (1) Black nightshade clade, including all members of S. sect. Solanum, S. sect. Campanulisolanum, branched‐haired taxa, S. salicifolium, and S. triflorum; (2) Episarcophyllum clade, including most members of S. sect. Episarcophyllum; (3) Chamaesarachidium clade, including members of S. sect. Chamaesarachidium; and (4) Radicans clade, including four species from S. sect. Parasolanum. Incongruence between nuclear and plastid gene trees is discussed in relation to known ploidy level variation across the Morelloid clade, especially the African species often referred to as the S. nigrum complex. A new, revised circumscription of the Morelloid clade is provided together with morphological characterisations of the monophyletic clades recovered within it. A preliminary checklist of accepted names for Morelloids is also presented.
PROXIMITY and CORRELATION: Two new computer programs for mining phytosociological information held in herbarium databases using central Arizona as a test case
Authors: Landrum Leslie R. , Lafferty Daryl 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe SEINet database of herbarium specimens was queried with two new computer programs, PROXIMITY and CORRELATION, to discover associations between 81 species of trees and shrubs of central Arizona based on the associated‐species field and coordinate data. Many associations correspond to previously described biotic communities. Various approaches to using data, programming and presenting results are demonstrated and discussed. Non‐plant organismal data can be included in an analysis if they include georeferenced specimens. CORRELATION especially shows promise for developing whole community concepts based on museum specimen data of all kingdoms of organisms.
Shaping and sharing edible sound: A case study
Authors: Melle Gerbrand van 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article considers a practice-led design research project that asks ‘To what extent can autonomy, circularity and self-reference inform design methods and direct interdependent design outcomes?’
In the project ambient audio recordings are translated into intimate physical experiences. Through parallel iterations of sound recordings, sound spectrum analysis, generative model making, additive manufacturing methods and traditional chocolaterie techniques temporarily intimate representations of the personal world surface.
The potential of Second Order Cybernetics is explored to develop novel experiences that synthesize sound and visual components into dynamic material forms. The individual samples do not act as quotes; instead the patterns operate as generative material for systemic combination. The aim of the research is to obtain a better understanding in systems in which the outcome is unpredictable and individual, and the makers/observers are always present to analyse the act of design as a circular, interdependent investigation into a continuously changing environment.
In a future investigation this dynamic goes beyond imitation to integration, dissolving boundaries and synthesizing new hybrid typologies. The incorporation of living organisms inside the design process is key. The proposed design process inquires into the incorporation of both artificial and natural methods of artefact creation.
Young radio listeners’ creative mental interaction and co-production
Authors: Forsslund Titti 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (UR)1 25 years ago was in the process of ceasing production of radio programmes for children. There were two main reasons expressed: first, their broadcasting role model, the BBC, had recently given up their educational radio programming for children; and second, the use of radio programmes (or tapes) in schools in Sweden had decreased in favour of television or video use. Surveys of teachers’ attitudes towards radio usage in education revealed that teachers expected a lack of listening abilities in children, unless audio was accompanied by pictures. A case study of children’s listening experiences, however, illustrates the abilities among 8–9-year-old children to create mental images through radio programme listening. Children were pleased about their experiences and advocated an increased usage of radio programmes in school. The benefits of radio or audio and its absence of any pre-produced pictures are rarely acknowledged. Radio is often neglected among the various media mentioned in media theory literature of university Journalism and Media production programmes. Special affordances of radio/audio narratives, with or without sound effects, are seldom expressed. In this article I will elaborate these affordances in relation to children’s listening experiences and to interviews with teachers.
Radio journalism as research – a Ph.D. model
Authors: Lindgren Mia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Practice-based research methods have opened up opportunities for radio journalism academics to have their radio practice recognized as academic research. Using the example of an Australian practice-based Ph.D. project, this article presents an innovative model for higher degree research in radio, reflecting on the project’s research question, methodology and structure incorporating both text and audio. This article argues for radio production as a form of qualitative methodology for collecting data and as a way to present research findings to a broader audience outside academia. Informed by Candy’s (2006) framework for practice-based and practiceled research, the Ph.D. study applied two research approaches: research through practice and research on practice. To demonstrate research through practice, the researcher produced a 54-minute radio documentary, Deadly Dust, commissioned by Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s (ABC) Radio National network. The ‘doing’ – the making of the documentary – was then contextualized and analysed through a reflexive process informed by fieldwork interviews with internationally renowned radio producers. The research on practice component of the Ph.D. dissertation accompanying the radio documentary provided new theoretical insights into the creative process of long-form radio. By demonstrating how practice can be defined in research terms, this article provides justification for the inclusion of long-form journalism, in this case a radio documentary, as a legitimate academic research output.
Design Of Hollow Section Overlap Joints With The Reinforcing Rib Plate. Welded Connection Resistance
Authors: Bródka J. , Broniewicz M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn calculating the resistance of welds within the connections between hollow sections in EN 1993-1-8, very general information is given without presenting specific calculations. The chief recommendations indicate that the resistance of the welds connecting the wall to the second element should not be less than the resistance of the cross section of the wall. In addition, assessment of the welds’ resistance based on the effective lengths is viable in cases when forces in the braces are smaller than the resistance of the joint, though the detailed method was not specified. The objective of this paper is to present the most up-to-date information about the design of overlap welded joints with a reinforcing rib plate.
Studies Of Possible Use Of Oleic Imidazoline As Modifying Agent For Hard Bitumen
Authors: Zieliński K. , Babiak M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHard bitumens are used in the construction industry primarily in it’s unmodified form, for instance for the production of the so-called traditional roofing felt. Due to the low price of these types of membranes, the use of a popular but expensive modifying agent, SBS copolymer, is not justified economically. Research carried out by the authors has shown that chemical organic compounds belonging to a group of imidazolines may potentially be used as much cheaper bitumen modifier. It was demonstrated that a new type of modifier based on oleic imidazoline, developed by the authors, has a significant impact on improving the physical properties of bitumen. The use of this modifier results in a significant increase in the bitumen plasticity range, both before and after laboratory ageing. In addition, there was a considerable increase of bitumen’s resistance to aging. Its use can help improve the quality and durability of popular waterproofing products manufactured with the use of hard bitumen.
Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of Active Signage At Pedestrian Crossings
Authors: Olszewski P. , Czajewski W. , Dąbkowski P. , Kraśkiewicz C. , Szagała P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe paper presents findings from research project Mobis which is aimed at developing a method of assessing safety of unsignalised pedestrian road crossings using video image analysis. Pedestrian and vehicle traffic has been recorded at selected zebra crossing sites in Warsaw and Wrocław, before and after installation of active signage systems SignFlash and Levelite. Speeds of approaching vehicles were measured and drivers’ behaviour was classified using video analysis.The paper presents a comparison of effectiveness of systems such as SignFlash and Levelite based on changes in the mean and standard deviation of vehicle spot speeds as well as changes in speed profiles of vehicles approaching the crossings.Results indicate that both SignFlash and Levelite active signage reduce mean vehicle approach speeds and have a positive impact on drivers’ behaviour.
Novel 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives as new leads for anticancer drug discovery
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Alsaid Mansour S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A novel series of quinazoline derivatives 2-8, 10-12 were designed and synthesized. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Seven of the novel compounds exhibited higher activity than the reference drug doxorubicin. The corresponding compounds 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11 and 12 exhibited higher activity with IC
50 values from 22.75 to 43.44 μmol L−1, compared to the reference drug doxorubicin with IC
50 value of 47.90 μmol L−1. Also, compounds 1, 6, and 9 are nearly as active as doxorubicin with IC
50 values of 48.31, 48.90, and 48.91 μmol L−1, respectively, while compounds 2 and 7 exhibited a moderate activity with IC
50 values of 50.44 and 52.37 μmol L−1. In addition, compound 13 showed no activity. Cytotoxic screening of the tested copmpounds offered an encouraging framework that may lead to the discovery of potent anti-breast cancer activity.
Dissolution profiles of perindopril and indapamide in their fixed-dose formulations by a new HPLC method and different mathematical approaches
Authors: Gumieniczek Anna , Mączka Paulina , Komsta Łukasz , Pietraś Rafał 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A new HPLC method was introduced and validated for simultaneous determination of perindopril and indapamide. Validation procedure included specificity, sensitivity, robustness, stability, linearity, precision and accuracy. The method was used for the dissolution test of perindopril and indapamide in three fixed-dose formulations. The dissolution procedure was optimized using different media, different pH of the buffer, surfactants, paddle speed and temperature. Similarity of dissolution profiles was estimated using different model-independent and model-dependent methods and, additionally, by principal component analysis (PCA). Also, some kinetic models were checked for dissolved amounts of drugs as a function of time.
Contribution to diagnostics/prognostics of tuberculosis in children. I. New methods of assaying zinc and simultaneously copper and zinc in diluted sera by flame atomic-absorption spectrometry
Authors: Luterotti Svjetlana , Kordić Tončica Vukman , Dodig Slavica 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In an attempt to provide a reliable status of metal ions in children, new methods of analysis of children’s sera are proposed. New flame atomic-absorption spectrometric (FAAS) methods are simple, cost- and time-effective and, above all, labor-, reagent- and sample-saving. Two methods were suggested: method A for simultaneous determination of Cu and Zn from 5-fold diluted sera, and method B, for assaying zinc alone in 10-fold diluted samples. Both methods are based on a single-step sample pretreatment (deproteinization with 3 mol dm–3 HCl). Method A uses a single-step calibration with a mixed standard. The main advantage of method B is an additional reduction in sample consumption. Both methods were fully validated against reference methods. Accuracy, sensitivity and precision have proven them to be comparable to the reference methods in terms of analytical performance, and applicable to analyses of children’s sera.
Artificially Generated Male-Specific Rabbit Antibody Against DBY-Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein And Its Immunoreactive Examination
Authors: Wang Naidong , Tan Qinghui , Yuan Anwen , Xue Liqun 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, Y-linked (DBY or Ddx3y) is a candidate gene for male-specific antigen. The DBY gene detected in capacitated mouse sperm codes putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase. The objective was to produce anti-predicted DBY multi-epitope fusion protein antibody, which could be used to determine male specificity of DBY. Epitope prediction is to aid the design of molecules that can mimic structure and function of a genuine epitope, is a useful tool in protein molecule design. This study predicted the DBY epitopes, prepared rabbit poloclonal antibody against DBY multi-epitope fusion protein, then investigated its immunoreactivity. The fusion protein used as the antigen consisted of three regions of DBY with greatest divergence from other family members, cloned together in-frame (with a His tag to facilitate purification). The resulting antibody recognized both the DBY1-2-3 fusion protein and an endogenous DBY protein of the same size. Furthermore, DBY protein was present (Western blot) in testis, male mouse splenocytes and brain, whereas a weaker band was present in the female brain and splenocytes, and finally, ovary produced only a barely visible protein band. Optical density of DBY protein was higher for males versus corresponding tissues from females. Finally, positive signals of DBY1-2-3 antibody were present on only ~60% of mature murine sperm (based on immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry), in accordance with the expected proportion of Y-bearing sperm. We hypothesized that our antibodies recognized a specific epitope present in subpopulations of mouse sperm. Therefore, we concluded that anti-DBY1-2-3 antibody could be an alternative way of producing antibodies to DBY protein. Furthermore, this novel DBY antibody against a multi-epitope artificial antigen has potential for both investigating male-specific binding of DBY and as a new method of sex selection.
Illegal Waste Sites As A Potential Micro Foci Of Mediterranean Leishmaniasis: First Records Of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Slovenia
Authors: Vladimir Ivović , Katja Kalan , Sara Zupan , Elena Bužan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Apart from being against the law, illegal waste dumping also poses a threat to human health and to the environment. Solid and decomposing waste is an ideal breeding ground for a number of rodents, insects, and other vermin that pose a health risk through the spread of infectious diseases. The main objective of this study was to survey disease vectors and rodents for the presence of Leishmania sp. from waste sites along the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia and Croatia.
During the survey five sandfly (Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perniciosus, P. papatasi, P. mascitii, Sergentomyia minuta) and five rodent species were collected (Rattus rattus, Mus musculus, Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus).
Sandflies and rodents were screened using a molecular probe to amplify an approximately 120 bp fragment of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle for the detection of Leishmania sp. parasites. Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in the spleen of one juvenile black rat (R. rattus). Despite few published records on Leshmania sp. infection in black rats, the addition of our record highlights the importance of further investigation into the frequency and distribution of such occurrences so that we may better classify the role of rodents as potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin.
Acute Response Of Bone Metabolism To Various Resistance Exercises In Women
Authors: Kovárová Jana , Hamar Dušan , Sedliak Milan , Cvečka Ján , Schickhofer Peter , Böhmerová Ľubica 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The study examines the acute response of bone turnover markers to two different single bouts of resistance exercises in women. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and sclerostin concentration were measured before, 24 and 48 hours after the interventions to detect the dynamics of bone turnover. Subjects performed two exercises and a control experiment without exercise (CONTR) on different occasions, with 3-week breaks between the interventions, in a random order. First exercises protocol had a constant resistance of 75 % 1 RM (ISOF). Second, serial stretch loading (SSL), was isokinetic: velocity of concentric and eccentric phase of the movement was 50 and 40 cm/s, respectively. Short stops were incorporated into both phases of the movement after every 20 mm, resulting in a frequency of the force peaks of 10 Hz in concentric as well as in eccentric phase. Both protocols consisted of 6 sets of 6 repetitions and 2-minute resting periods. The exercises interventions had no statistically significant effect on either bone turnover marker concentration at any of the time points.
Attitudes Of Schoolgirls Towards Physical And Sport Education
Authors: Balga Tibor , Antala Branislav , Sabová Lenka 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the results of research focused on the attitudes of schoolgirls at the 5th and 9th grade of primary schools towards physical and sport education. The aim of this project was to find out the level of the attitudes of schoolgirls at primary schools in the Bratislava Region. The research sample consisted of 247 schoolgirls attending urban and village primary schools. The basic research tool we have used was the standardized attitudinal questionnaire designed for the primary schools pupils. We have found out that in the 5th and 9th grade of primary schools the positive attitudes toward physical and sport education prevail over the indifferent attitudes. At primary schools in the Bratislava Region, the schoolgirls in the 5th grade showed more positive attitudes than schoolgirls in the 9th grade.
Body Image And Sensation Seeking In Gym-Goers
Authors: Schlegel Petr , Fialová Ludmila 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This research aimed to explore a relation between Body image (PSPP) and Sensation Seeking (SSS-V) and to determine gym-goers based on these entities. The research file (N = 182) consisted of gym-goers aged between 24 – 45. The comparison of the tests showed a weak relation (0.25) between PSPP and SST tests and also among the individual subscales. The comparison of men and women did not come up with any significant differences. In terms of Body image, the file showed above-average results, in the case of Sensation Seeking, its score was average. The outcome of our findings is that there is no marked relation between PSPP and SST and the same goes for men and women.
An Application Of The Theory Of Scale Of Banach Spaces
Authors: Dawidowski Łukasz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The abstract Cauchy problem on scales of Banach space was considered by many authors. The goal of this paper is to show that the choice of the space on scale is significant. We prove a theorem that the selection of the spaces in which the Cauchy problem ut
− Δu = u|u|s
with initial–boundary conditions is considered has an influence on the selection of index s. For the Cauchy problem connected with the heat equation we will study how the change of the base space influents the regularity of the solutions.
Universally Kuratowski–Ulam Spaces And Open-Open Games
Authors: Kalemba Piotr , Kucharski Andrzej 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We examine the class of spaces in which the second player has a winning strategy in the open-open game. We show that this spaces are not universally Kuratowski–Ulam. We also show that the games G and G
7 introduced by P. Daniels, K. Kunen, H. Zhou [Fund. Math. 145 (1994), no. 3, 205–220] are not equivalent.
Communication Complexity And Linearly Ordered Sets
Authors: Kula Mieczysław , Serwecińska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the communication complexity of lattice operations in linearly ordered finite sets. All well known techniques ([4, Chapter 1]) to determine the communication complexity of the infimum function in linear lattices disappoint, because a gap between the lower and upper bound is equal to O(log2
n), where n is the cardinality of the lattice. Therefore our aim will be to investigate the communication complexity of the function more carefully. We consider a family of so called interval protocols and we construct the interval protocols for the infimum. We prove that the constructed protocols are optimal in the family of interval protocols. It is still open problem to compute the communication complexity of constructed protocols but the numerical experiments show that their complexity is less than the complexity of known protocols for the infimum function.