bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing adolescent smokers as friends: The role of parenting and parental smoking
Authors: Mercken L. , Sleddens E.F.C. , de Vries H. , Steglich C.E.G. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study examined whether parenting and parental smoking can prevent children from selecting smoking friends during adolescence. 254 Adolescents of one Belgian secondary school participated. Self‐administered questionnaires were distributed among 2nd–4th graders (mean ages = 14.2–16.2 years) during spring 2006. Follow‐up was conducted 12 months later. Data was analyzed conducting longitudinal social network analyses. Results showed adolescents perceiving high parental psychological control had a significant higher tendency to select smoking friends. Perceived behavioral control and perceived parental support did not affect the selection of smoking friends. Furthermore, maternal smoking behavior affected the selection of smoking friends, although no effect of paternal smoking behavior on the selection of smoking friends was found. Adolescent smoking prevention efforts should focus on the influence of parents through their smoking behavior and their psychological control to decrease adolescents' tendency to select smoking friends resulting in fewer opportunities for negative peer influences to occur.
Outcome of cervical cancer patients with single‐node compared with no nodal involvement treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy
Authors: Suprasert Prapaporn , Charoenkwan Kittipat , Siriaree Sitthicha , Cheewakriangkrai Chalong , Saeteng Jaruwan , Srisomboon Jatupol 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate disease‐free survival (DFS) after radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL) among early‐stage cervical cancer patients with single‐node involvement versus patients with no nodal involvement.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 843 patients undergoing RHPL at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand, between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2008. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered when the operative schedule was more than 1 month after diagnosis and adjuvant chemoradiation was administered to high‐risk patients. Five subgroups were defined on the basis of pelvic node involvement: group A (0 nodes; n = 706), group B (1 node; n = 65), group C (2 nodes; n = 38), group D (3 nodes; n = 13), and group E (≥ 4 nodes; n = 21).ResultsThe 5‐year DFS was comparable for groups A and B (94.3% versus 92.1%; P = 0.454). In groups C, D, and E, the 5‐year DFS was 85.9%, 75.0%, and 61.8%, respectively. The survival outcomes for groups A and B were significantly different from those of the other 3 groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionCervical cancer patients with single‐node involvement had comparable survival outcomes to those without nodal metastases; however, patients with multiple node involvement had reduced DFS.
Middle Pleistocene age of the fossiliferous sedimentary sequence from Tarija, Bolivia
Authors: MacFadden Bruce J. , Zeitler Peter K. , Anaya Federico , Cottle John M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe highly fossiliferous sediments of the Tolomosa Formation from Tarija, southern Bolivia, represent one of the most important localities in South America that documents the Great American Biotic Interchange. Over the past several decades, chronostratigraphic studies have indicated a middle Pleistocene age for the Tolomosa Formation from ~ 1.1 to 0.7 Ma. This interval correlates to the Ensenadan South American Land Mammal Age as it is characterized from classic localities in Argentina. Recently, however, a new interpretation based on AMS 14C ages indicates that the fossiliferous sediments from Tarija are latest Pleistocene, i.e., < 44 ka, and thus of Lujanian age. Here we report a new age of 0.76 ± 0.03 Ma (2σ) based on 11 U–Th/Pb and U–Th/He individual determinations from the Tolomosa Formation. This is indistinguishable from the age published from the same ash in 1983, and was originally used to calibrate the magnetostratigraphic section at Tarija. The new age confirms that the age of the Tolomosa Formation is middle Pleistocene, and not latest Pleistocene. The age of the Tarija Fauna has significant implications with regard to the stage of evolution biochronology for Pleistocene fossil mammals in South America, and in particular, the classic and important reference sections in Argentina.
THE BAIRE PROPERTY IN THE REMAINDERS OF SEMITOPOLOGICAL GROUPS
Authors: XIE LI-HONG , LIN SHOU 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt is proved that every remainder of a nonlocally compact semitopological group $G$ is a Baire space if and only if $G$ is not Čech-complete, which improves a dichotomy theorem of topological groups by Arhangel’skiǐ [‘The Baire property in remainders of topological groups and other results’, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 50(2) (2009), 273–279], and also gives a positive answer to a question of Lin and Lin [‘About remainders in compactifications of paratopological groups’, ArXiv: 1106.3836v1 [Math. GN] 20 June 2011]. We also show that for a nonlocally compact rectifiable space $G$ every remainder of $G$ is either Baire, or meagre and Lindelöf.
Servile Sentinels of the City: Private Security Guards, Organized Informality, and Labour in Interactive Services in Globalized India
Authors: Gooptu Nandini 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThrough a study of private security guards in urban India, this paper investigates emerging labour processes in the increasingly dominant private corporate sector of Third World rising economies, in the wake of economic liberalization and globalization. To meet the escalating need for labour in interactive services, a vast cadre of low-paid, casual workers has emerged, working under a regime of organized informality. Recruitment and training here are systematically institutionalized and formalized by private agencies, with the imprimatur of the state, but employment relations remain informal and insecure. The paper examines forms of labour subordination and a culture of servility at the workplace, as well as embodied work and emotional labour that characterize low-end service jobs. The paper shows how workers’ political subjectivity and their perception of class difference and social identity are shaped by cultural and social interaction at work and how these relate to wider democratic politics and citizenship.
Neonatal aortic arch thrombosis: analysis of thrombophilic risk factors and prognosis
Authors: Wieland Ivonne , Jack Thomas , Seidemann Kathrin , Boehne Martin , Schmidt Florian , Happel Christoph M. , Koeditz Harald , Bertram Harald , Sasse Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractArterial thrombosis in neonates and children is a rare event and is often associated with external risk factors such as asphyxia or sepsis. We report our experiences with two neonates with spontaneous aortic arch thrombosis mimicking aortic coarctation. Despite single case reports until now, no data exist for the underlying thrombophilic risk factors and prognosis of this rare event. Both patients were carriers of a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation, which has been reported once before as a risk factor for aortic arch thrombosis. One of our patients was operated upon successfully and is alive. The second patient suffered a large infarction of the right medial cerebral artery and had a thrombotic occlusion of the inferior caval vein. The patient obtained palliative care and died at the age of 6 days. In the literature, we identified 19 patients with neonatal aortic arch thrombosis. Of the 19 patients, 11 (58%) died. Including the two reported patients, the mortality rate of patients with multiple thromboses was 80% (8/10) compared with 18% (2/11) for patients with isolated aortic arch thrombosis; this difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.009). The analysis of thrombophilic disorders revealed that factor V Leiden mutation and protein C deficiency seem to be the most common risk factors for aortic arch thrombosis.Conclusion:Neonatal aortic arch thrombosis is a very rare but life-threatening event, with a high rate of mortality, especially if additional thrombotic complications are present. Factor V Leiden mutation seems to be one important risk factor in the pathogenesis of this fatal disease.
Agricultural Landscape Value and Irrigation Water Policy
Authors: Thiene Mara , Tsur Yacov 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWater is a limiting factor of agricultural production in an increasing number of regions. There is also ample empirical evidence to suggest that the economic value of agricultural landscape is substantial, which has been used to justify agricultural support programs in developed economies. We investigate the link between the environmental amenity of agricultural landscape and the value of water in crop production. We find that the environmental externality gives rise to a social derived demand for water which differs from the market‐based (private) derived demand for water. Policy implications regarding irrigation water allocation and pricing are drawn. An empirical example illustrates the methodology and main findings.
Hemodialysis Patients Born With a Low Birth Weight Should Have a Different Time Course of Kidney Diseases Than Those Born With a Normal Birth Weight
Authors: Imasawa Toshiyuki , Fukuda Naoyuki , Hirose Satoru , Kato Naohiko , Suganuma Shinya , Yamamoto Ryo , Kimura Hiroaki , Kadomura Moritoshi , Nishimura Motonobu , Yoshimura Mitsuhiro , Ikei Satoshi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLow birth weight (LBW) is thought to be one of the risk factors for the progression of kidney diseases. This study hypothesized that the onset age of kidney disease, the rate of progression of kidney disease, or the age at the time of hemodialysis (HD) induction among HD patients that were born with LBW is different from those without a history of LBW. A questionnaire survey in nine dialysis units in Japan was performed and 427 answer sheets were collected. There were statistically significant differences in the present age, the age of kidney disease onset, and the age of HD induction between LBW group and normal birth weight group (NBW). An analysis limited to participants whose underlying disease was diabetic nephropathy revealed that the duration from the onset of nephropathy to HD induction was much shorter in HD patients with a history of LBW than those with a NBW history. In addition, the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the birth weight and the period from onset of diabetic nephropathy to HD induction was 0.283. Although these results might partly support the primary hypothesis, the necessity to perform other clinical studies is also emphasized.
Preservation of H2 production activity in nanoporous latex coatings of Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 during dry storage at ambient temperatures
Authors: Piskorska M. , Soule T. , Gosse J. L. , Milliken C. , Flickinger M. C. , Smith G. W. , Yeager C. M. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTo assess the applicability of latex cell coatings as an ‘off‐the‐shelf’ biocatalyst, the effect of osmoprotectants, temperature, humidity and O2 on preservation of H2 production in Rhodopseudomonas palustris coatings was evaluated. Immediately following latex coating coalescence (24 h) and for up to 2 weeks of dry storage, rehydrated coatings containing different osmoprotectants displayed similar rates of H2 production. Beyond 2 weeks of storage, sorbitol‐treated coatings lost all H2 production activity, whereas considerable H2 production was still detected in sucrose‐ and trehalose‐stabilized coatings. The relative humidity level at which the coatings were stored had a significant impact on the recovery and subsequent rates of H2 production. After 4 weeks storage under air at 60% humidity, coatings produced only trace amounts of H2 (0–0.1% headspace accumulation), whereas those stored at < 5% humidity retained 27–53% of their H2 production activity after 8 weeks of storage. When stored in argon at < 5% humidity and room temperature, R. palustris coatings retained full H2 production activity for 3 months, implicating oxidative damage as a key factor limiting coating storage. Overall, the results demonstrate that biocatalytic latex coatings are an attractive cell immobilization platform for preservation of bioactivity in the dry state.
A cadherin‐like protein influences Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxicity in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata
Authors: Wang Ling , Jiang Xingfu , Luo Lizhi , Stanley David , Sappington Thomas W. , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2013

SummaryCadherins comprise a family of calcium‐dependent cell adhesion proteins that act in cell–cell interactions. Cadherin‐like proteins (CADs) in midguts of some insects act as receptors that bind some of the toxins produced by the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We cloned a CAD gene associated with larval midguts prepared from Mythimna separata. The full‐length cDNA (MsCAD1, GenBank Accession No. JF951432) is 5642 bp, with an open reading frame encoding a 1757 amino acid and characteristics typical of insect CADs. Expression of MsCAD1 is predominantly in midgut tissue, with highest expression in the 3rd‐ to 6th‐instars and lowest in newly hatched larvae. Knocking‐down MsCAD1 decreased Cry1Ab susceptibility, indicated by reduced developmental time, increased larval weight and reduced larval mortality. We expressed MsCAD1 in E. coli and recovered the recombinant protein, rMsCAD1, which binds Cry1Ab toxin. Truncation analysis and binding experiments revealed that a contiguous 209‐aa, located in CR11 and CR12, is the minimal Cry1Ab binding region. These results demonstrate that MsCAD1 is associated with Cry1Ab toxicity and is one of the Cry1Ab receptors in this insect. The significance of this work lies in identifying MsCAD1 as a Cry1Ab receptor, which helps understand the mechanism of Cry1Ab toxicity and of potential resistance to Bt in M. separata.
Association between Big 4 auditor choice and cost of equity capital for multiple‐segment firms
Authors: Choi Jong‐Hag , Lee Woo‐Jong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPrior studies document a negative association between Big 4 auditor choice and the implied cost of equity capital, suggesting that Big 4 auditors mitigate information asymmetry (IA) between shareholders and managers. This study extends this line of research and reports that the negative association is more pronounced in multiple‐segment firms, where IA is more severe than in single‐segment firms. We also find that the association between Big 4 auditor choice and the cost of equity capital becomes more negative as the number of segments increases. Taken together, our findings suggest that the role of Big 4 auditors in reducing the cost of equity capital becomes more significant when greater IA exists.
Microscope in modern spinal surgery: advantages, ergonomics and limitations
Authors: Damodaran Omprakash , Lee Jenny , Lee Gabriel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe surgical microscope has revolutionized the practice of modern spine surgery. The major advantages of the microscope include better illumination, magnification and coaxial vision. It has also contributed to the welfare of the surgeon through improved ergonomics and opportunities to demonstrate surgical nuances to a training resident. However, there are limitations to its role in complex, long segment fixations and a potential for higher risk of surgical infections secondary to intraoperative contamination.
Exploring the impact of oral diseases and disorders on quality of life of preschool children
Authors: Kramer Paulo Floriani , Feldens Carlos Alberto , Helena Ferreira Simone , Bervian Juliane , Rodrigues Priscila Humbert , Peres Marco Aurélio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of oral health outcomes on Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a school‐based sample of Brazilian preschool children and their families.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 1036 children aged 2–5 years attending all the public nurseries in Canoas, Brazil. Caregivers were asked to complete questionnaire on socioeconomic status and the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) on their perception of the children's OHRQoL. Clinical assessment included dental caries, traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and malocclusion. Multivariable Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to assess covariates for the prevalence of impacts on OHRQoL following a theoretical hierarchical framework.Results17.4% of the caregivers reported that their child had an impact on at least one ECOHIS item. Negative impacts were more prevalent on items related to pain, difficult drinking and eating some foods. The multivariable Poisson regression analysis showed that dental caries, TDI and malocclusion were associated with the outcome. The prevalence of having any impact on OHRQoL was almost three times higher for children with dental caries (PR 2.74 95% CI 2.02–3.72) compared to those who were caries free; and approximately 1.5 times higher for those who presented TDI (PR 1.70 95% CI 1.27–2.27) and malocclusion (PR 1.42 95% CI 1.04–1.94).ConclusionsThe findings showed that caregivers of young children with oral disease and disorders perceived that both the children and other family members had poorer quality of life. Oral health policies should be included into general health programs based on common risk approach.
Larval myogenesis in Echinodermata: conserved features and morphological diversity between class‐specific larval forms of Echinoidae, Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea
Authors: Dyachuk Vyacheslav , Odintsova Nelly 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe myogenesis of class‐specific larval forms of three classes belonging to the phylum Echinodermata (Echinoidae, Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea) was investigated via gross‐anatomy and comparative morphology of larval muscles. Using staining with phalloidin and antibodies against the muscle proteins, with subsequent CLSM and 3D imaging, we have examined myogenesis in the larvae from the gastrula stage to pre‐metamorphosis larval stages. We have shown that temporal and spatial expression of muscle proteins is similar in echinoidea and asteroidea larvae but differs in holothuroidea larvae at early developmental stages. New insights regarding the protein composition of maturing muscular fibrils during development in echinoderm larvae were detected. The first differentiating muscle structures in all tested classes have been found to be circular esophageal muscles that are associated with larval feeding. During early differentiation of echinoderm larval muscle cells, we observed that the expression patterns of the muscle proteins were not uniform but with a characteristic diffuse distribution, which is typical for smooth muscle. An unusual pattern of expression of the muscle proteins was detected in larval sphincters: the thick muscle proteins were first expressed during the early developmental stages, whereas F‐actin appeared at later stages. In addition, paired star‐shaped muscles were revealed in the mature Echinoidae plutei, but were absent in the Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea larvae. All tested species of Echinodermata exhibited both conserved features of muscle morphology during development indicating a common life history strategy and a planktonic habitat, and also an extensive morphological diversity representing specific anatomical adaptations during development.
Drosophila mutants suggest a strong drive toward complexity in evolution
Authors: Fleming Leonore , McShea Daniel W. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe view that complexity increases in evolution is uncontroversial, yet little is known about the possible causes of such a trend. One hypothesis, the Zero Force Evolutionary Law (ZFEL), predicts a strong drive toward complexity, although such a tendency can be overwhelmed by selection and constraints. In the absence of strong opposition, heritable variation accumulates and complexity increases. In order to investigate this claim, we evaluate the gross morphological complexity of laboratory mutants in Drosophila melanogaster, which represent organisms that arise in a context where selective forces are greatly reduced. Complexity was measured with respect to part types, shape, and color over two independent focal levels. Compared to the wild type, we find that D. melanogaster mutants are significantly more complex. When the parts of mutants are categorized by degree of constraint, we find that weakly constrained parts are significantly more complex than more constrained parts. These results support the ZFEL hypothesis. They also represent a first step in establishing the domain of application of the ZFEL and show one way in which a larger empirical investigation of the principle might proceed.
Intermittent nicotine exposure upregulates nAChRs in VTA dopamine neurons and sensitises locomotor responding to the drug
Authors: Baker Lorinda K. , Mao Danyan , Chi Henry , Govind Anitha P. , Vallejo Yolanda F. , Iacoviello Michael , Herrera Stacy , Cortright James J. , Green William N. , McGehee Daniel S. , Vezina Paul 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) mediate the behavioral and motivational effects of many drugs of abuse, including nicotine. Repeated intermittent administration of these drugs, a pattern often associated with initial drug exposure, sensitises the reactivity of dopamine (DA) neurons in this pathway, enhances the locomotor behaviors the drugs emit, and promotes their pursuit and self‐administration. Here we show that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the VTA, but not the NAcc, is essential for the induction of locomotor sensitisation by nicotine. Repeated intermittent nicotine exposure (4 × 0.4 mg/kg, base, i.p., administered over 7 days), a regimen leading to long‐lasting locomotor sensitisation, also produced upregulation of nAChRs in the VTA, but not the NAcc, in the hours following the last exposure injection. Functional nAChR upregulation was observed selectively in DA but not GABA neurons in the VTA. These effects were followed by long‐term potentiation of excitatory inputs to these cells and increased nicotine‐evoked DA overflow in the NAcc. Withdrawal symptoms were not observed following this exposure regimen. Thus, intermittent activation and upregulation by nicotine of nAChRs in DA neurons in the VTA may contribute to the development of behavioral sensitisation and increased liability for nicotine addiction.