bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the potential of artificial neural network and neuro‐fuzzy techniques for estimating antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content of sweet cherry during ripening by using image processing
Authors: Taghadomi‐Saberi Saeedeh , Omid Mahmoud , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Ahmadi Hojjat 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis paper presents a versatile way for estimating antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content at different ripening stages of sweet cherry by combining image processing and two artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In comparison with common time‐consuming laboratory methods for determining these important attributes, this new way is economical and much faster. The accuracy of artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models was studied to estimate the outputs. Sensitivity analysis and principal component analysis were used with ANN and ANFIS respectively to specify the most effective attributes on outputs.RESULTSAmong the designed ANNs, two hidden layer networks with 11‐14‐9‐1 and 11‐6‐20‐1 architectures had the highest correlation coefficients and lowest error values for modeling antioxidant activity (R = 0.93) and anthocyanin content (R = 0.98) respectively. ANFIS models with triangular and two‐term Gaussian membership functions gave the best results for antioxidant activity (R = 0.87) and anthocyanin content (R = 0.90) respectively.CONCLUSIONComparison of the models showed that ANN outperformed ANFIS for this case. By considering the advantages of the applied system and the accuracy obtained in somewhat similar studies, it can be concluded that both techniques presented here have good potential to be used as estimators of proposed attributes. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Social responsibility aspects supporting the success of SPI
Authors: Messnarz Richard , Sicilia Miguel‐Angel , Biro Miklos , García‐Barriocanal Elena , Garre‐Rubio Miguel , Siakas Kerstin , Clarke Adrienne 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSoftware Process Improvement (SPI) activities aim at driving change in information technology development towards increased quality and productivity levels. The SPI Manifesto describes the key values and principles for a successful implementation of SPI. About two‐thirds of its principles relate to human, social, and organizational aspects and one‐third to technical aspects. This raises the question if these aspects have a relationship with ‘social responsibility’ principles. The new ISO 26000:2010 standard provides guidance about social responsibility (SR), describing the core subjects and issues an organization has to consider when implementing SR. In this paper, we describe how the values and principles of the SPI Manifesto have a relationship with the SR issues described in the ISO 26000. In addition, this paper describes about the steps taken in an industry group to exchange best practices about how social strategies can be used to achieve higher acceptance and sustainability of SPI initiatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonorthogonal problem in iterated unscented Kalman filter for passive tracking
Authors: Liu Qin , Liu Zheng , Liu Yunfo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe iterated unscented Kalman filter (IUKF) is a promising nonlinear tracking algorithm. However, we find that the IUKF has poor performance in tracking accuracy and will diverge easily when the variance of observation noise is large, because the iterated state prediction is nonorthogonal to the current observation after the first iteration. This will increase the proportion of current observation in state estimate and lead to the tendency for the final iteration result to be closer to the observation compared with the optimal solution, which is a phenomenon termed the nonorthogonal problem here. We solve this problem by augmenting the state vector with the process and observation noise vectors and slightly reconstructing the IUKF formula. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better tracking performance than IUKF. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tracking and evaluation of dendritic cell migration by cellular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dekaban Gregory A. , Hamilton Amanda M. , Fink Corby A. , Au Bryan , de Chickera Sonali N. , Ribot Emeline J. , Foster Paula J. 
Published: April 2013

Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a means by which cells labeled ex vivo with a contrast agent can be detected and tracked over time in vivo. This technology provides a noninvasive method with which to assess cell‐based therapies in vivo. Dendritic cell (DC)‐based vaccines are a promising cancer immunotherapy, but its success is highly dependent on the injected DC migrating to a secondary lymphoid organ such as a nearby lymph node. There the DC can interact with T cells to elicit a tumor‐specific immune response. It is important to verify DC migration in vivo using a noninvasive imaging modality, such as cellular MRI, so that important information regarding the anatomical location and persistence of the injected DC in a targeted lymph node can be provided. An understanding of DC biology is critical in ascertaining how to label DC with sufficient contrast agent to render them detectable by MRI. While iron oxide nanoparticles provide the best sensitivity for detection of DC in vivo, a clinical grade iron oxide agent is not currently available. A clinical grade 19Fluorine‐based perfluorcarbon nanoemulsion is available but is less sensitive, and its utility to detect DC migration in humans remains to be demonstrated using clinical scanners presently available. The ability to quantitatively track DC migration in vivo can provide important information as to whether different DC maturation and activation protocols result in improved DC migration efficiency which will determine the vaccine's immunogenicity and ultimately the tumor immunotherapy's outcome in humans. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1227This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
A comparison of methods for monitoring kit foxes at den sites
Authors: Kluever Bryan M. , Gese Eric M. , Dempsey Steven J. , Knight Robert N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMonitoring mammalian carnivores at den sites with human observers to document behavior, fecundity, litter size, and natal survival is commonplace when compared with monitoring den sites with cameras. However, no published studies exist comparing the effectiveness of human observers versus cameras in a quantitative manner. Obtaining complete and reliable counts of adult and pup kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) can be crucial for estimating population parameters and life‐history traits. In the summers of 2010 and 2011, we made weekly counts of adult and pup kit foxes at active den sites using 2 methods: 1) an observer equipped with spotting scope and/or binoculars and 2) a remote infrared motion‐sensitive camera. We accumulated 71 and 29 counts at active den sites, respectively. The median number of adults observed at den sites with a camera and observer differed and were 2 adults versus 1 adult, respectively. Similarly, the median number of pups observed at den sites with a remote camera versus an observer differed and was 2 pups versus 1 pup, respectively. We observed these differences despite the similar effort required to manage cameras and conduct observations. We recommend future surveys aimed at ascertaining more reliable counts of kit foxes and similar species at den sites use a survey methodology employing remote cameras or video over a multi‐day period. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Copper(I) and Iron(II) Complexes of a Novel Tris(pyridyl)­ethane‐Derived N4 Ligand: Aspects of Redox Behaviour and Bioinorganic Physicochemistry
Authors: Wiedemann Dennis , Świętek Elżbieta , Macyk Wojciech , Grohmann Andreas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe N4 ligand 1‐{6‐[1,1‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl]pyridin‐2‐yl}‐N,N‐dimethylmethanamine (L) is presented. It has been used to obtain the copper(I) complex [CuL(MeCN)]PF6 and the iron(II) complex [Fe(CN)2L]. Aerobic oxidation of the copper(I) complex is unspecific at room temperature. Anaerobic oxidation in solution, which is very sluggish, occurs with formation of the copper(II) complex [CuIIFL]PF6, suggesting concomitant hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate initiated by traces of water. The iron(II) complex adsorbed at a TiO2 surface is an efficient photosensitiser of the support. Photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching (PEPS), which can be initiated by changing the electrochemical potential and photon energy, is very pronounced. The construction of a simple photoelectrochemical NOR logic gate has been demonstrated.
Skinning measures in negative curvature and equidistribution of equidistant submanifolds
Authors: PARKKONEN JOUNI , PAULIN FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLet$C$be a locally convex closed subset of a negatively curved Riemannian manifold$M$. We define the skinning measure${\sigma }_{C} $on the outer unit normal bundle to$C$in$M$by pulling back the Patterson–Sullivan measures at infinity, and give a finiteness result for${\sigma }_{C} $, generalizing the work of Oh and Shah, with different methods. We prove that the skinning measures, when finite, of the equidistant hypersurfaces to$C$equidistribute to the Bowen–Margulis measure${m}_{\mathrm{BM} } $on${T}^{1} M$, assuming only that${m}_{\mathrm{BM} } $is finite and mixing for the geodesic flow. Under additional assumptions on the rate of mixing, we give a control on the rate of equidistribution.
Algebraic K-theory and cyclic homology
Authors: Loday Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2013

The following are personal reminiscences of my research years in algebraic K-theory and cyclic homology during which Dan Quillen was everyday present in my professional life.In the late sixties (of the twentieth century) the groups K0;K1;K2 were known and well-studied. The group K0 had been introduced by Alexander Grothendieck, then came K1 by Hyman Bass [2] (as a variation of the Whitehead group), permitting one to generalize the notion of determinant, and finally K2 by John Milnor [9] and Michel Kervaire. The big problem was: how about Kn? Having in mind topological K-theory and all the other generalized (co)homological theories, one was expecting higher K-groups which satisfy similar axioms, in particular the Mayer-Vietoris exact sequence. The discovery by Richard Swan of the existence of an obstruction for this property to hold shed some embarrassment. What kind of properties should we ask of Kn? There were various attempts, for instance by Max Karoubi and Orlando Villamayor [4]. And suddenly Dan Quillen came with a candidate sharing a lot of nice properties. He had even two different constructions of the same object: the “+” construction and the “Q” construction [14, 15]. Not only did he propose a candidate but he already got a computation: the higher K-theory of finite fields. This was a fantastic step forward and Hyman Bass organized a two week conference at the Battelle Institute in Seattle during the summer of 1972, which was attended by Bass, Borel, Husemoller, Karoubi, Priddy, Quillen, Segal, Stasheff, Tate, Waldhausen, Wall and sixty other mathematicians. The Proceedings appeared as Springer Lecture Notes 341, 342 and 343. I met Quillen for the first time on this occasion.
Remarks on some fundamental results about higher-rank graphs and their C*-algebras
Authors: Hazlewood Robert , Raeburn Iain , Sims Aidan , Webster Samuel B. G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResults of Fowler and Sims show that every k-graph is completely determined by its k-coloured skeleton and collection of commuting squares. Here we give an explicit description of the k-graph associated with a given skeleton and collection of squares and show that two k-graphs are isomorphic if and only if there is an isomorphism of their skeletons which preserves commuting squares. We use this to prove directly that each k-graph Λ is isomorphic to the quotient of the path category of its skeleton by the equivalence relation determined by the commuting squares, and show that this extends to a homeomorphism of infinite-path spaces when the k-graph is row finite with no sources. We conclude with a short direct proof of the characterization, originally due to Robertson and Sims, of simplicity of the C*-algebra of a row-finite k-graph with no sources.
The Scholiast on Aristophanes' ‘Knights’, 438, and three passages of Thucydides
Authors: Jones D. Mervyn 
Published: April 2013

Σ Ar. Eq. 438 (p. 49, col. 2, 1. 25 Dübner): Dobree's σφῶν for ἐφ' ὧν is obviously right, but ϓενέσθαι still requires emendation. We should read ϓεύεσθαι, cf. Thuc. II, 70, I: καί τινεϛ καὶ ἀλλήλων ἐγέγευντο.Thuc. IV, 117, 2: Thucydides is here discussing the motives that both sides had for desiring a truce in 423, after the accession of Torone to Brasidas. It seems certain, though it has in the past been denied, that Λακεδαιμόνιοι is the subject of ἐποιοῦντο, and that the general sense of the passage is that the Spartans were especially keen on recovering the men taken prisoner at Sphacteria while Brasidas was still successful, because his successes put them in a strong bargaining position. The conjunction ὡς creates an initial difficulty; the meaning required is ‘while’ ‘as long as’, as the whole emphasis of the passage is temporal, and the Spartans are reflecting on factors in the situation which obtained at a particular time, ὡς cannot be synonymous with ἔως(ἔως for ὡς is now universally accepted at Soph. Ai. 1117, Phil. 1330) and we should follow Herwerden and Hude in reading ἔως from an otherwise inaccurate quotation in Σ Ar. Pax 479.
Three Passages in Tragedy
Authors: Campbell A.Y. 
Published: April 2013

10. τί δ' ὅντιν' εἴπε; μηδὲν ἐντραπῆς. τὰ δὲῥηθέντα βούλου μηδὲ μεμνῆσθαι μάτην.She knows that the true answer to 1055 will be ‘yes’, and that it must lead to the discovery of the parricide and incest. ‘Waste not a thought on what he said…' twere idle’; so Jebb, like everybody else construing μάτην with μεμνῆσθαι. But at that rate this final word of the couplet is superfluous and falls flat. Manifestly μάτην must go with ῥηθέντα. As a hyperbaton this would be far too harsh and pointless; here, surely, is a clear case of accidental transposition in the ends of consecutive lines. For Jocasta will have spoken with feeling, here as everywhere else, and said τί… ἐντραπῇς· μάτην | ῥηθέντα βούλου μηδὲ μεμνῆσθαι τάδε.
Emendations of Cicero, ‘Ad Atticum’
Authors: Bailey D. R. Shackleton 
Published: April 2013

I, 16, 12. sed senatus consulta duo iam facta sunt, odiosa, quod in consulem facta putantur, Catone et Domitio postulante, unum, ut apud magistratus inquiri liceret, alterum, cuius domi diuisores habitarent, aduersus rem publicam.odiosa to whom? To the magistrates and the consul's satellites and Pompey? That is Billerbeck's explanation, more respectable than the silence of modern commentators. But odiosa, without qualification, can only mean generally unpopular, i.e. in the senate, among the boni. But how, asked Malaspina four centuries ago, should those decrees have been unpopular because they were directed against a highly unpopular consul? ‘consul odiosissimus’ to Cicero and his boni M. Pupius Piso, Pompey's legate and tool, assuredly was. Witness among other passages I, 13, 2 (esp. seiunctus ab optimatibus) and I, 14, 6 (esp. mirum in modum omnis a se bonos alienauit). And Malaspina might further have enquired why stringent, intrusive measures against bribery should have been welcome per se in an assembly composed largely of persons who had bribed, were bribing, or expected to bribe their way to office. Modern apparatus do not even mention quae for quod, a once popular reading cited from a MS. belonging to Faernus. It seems no more than a palliative. For a cure I suggest ‹ideo minus› odiosa.
New Readings in Cicero, ‘Ad Atticum’ XIII–XVI
Authors: Bailey D. R. Shackleton 
Published: April 2013

For three-quarters of the way the editor of the Letters to Atticus has Sjögren in front of him; his main business should be to apply what he can of knowledge and intelligence to materials already collected. But when he starts on the last four books he has to take new bearings.The paradosis in these books becomes thinner. The Δ family remains, but the more valuable family Σ is often reduced to its least estimable members, R and R's close and even poorer relation, P. It is some compensation that in XIV–XVI Turnebus' reports of the Tornesianus (Zt) can be added to those of Lambinus (Z1) and Bosius (Zb and Zβ).
Thucydides IV, 108, 4
Authors: Westlake H. D. 
Published: April 2013

.This sentence belongs to a passage in which Thucydides discusses the reactions of the Athenians (108, 1–2) and of their subject allies (108, 3–6) to the fall of Amphipolis. He describes very graphically the incautious enthusiasm with which the allies embarked upon plans for revolt, encouraged by the Athenian failure to save Amphipolis, which closely followed the defeat at Delium, and by the tempting propaganda of Brasidas. The phrase ὅση ὔστερον διεϕάνη in the sentence quoted above is widely interpreted as a reference to the unexpected recovery of the Athenians in the period after the Sicilian disaster and is accordingly accepted as evidence that this sentence at least, and perhaps the whole discussion to which it belongs, cannot have been written before the closing years of the Peloponnesian war.
Euripides, Andromache 1014–15
Authors: Carey C. 
Published: April 2013

ᾦ Φοῖβε πυργώσας τὸν ὲν Ἰλίωι εὐτειχῆ πάγονκαὶ πόντιε κυανέαις ὶ´πποις δωρρεύ- 1010ων ἅλιον πέλαγος,τώος οὕνεκ᾿ ἄτιμον ὀργάν-αν χέρα τεκτοσύνας Ἐ- 1015νυαλίωι δοριμήστορι προσϑέν-τες τάλαωαν τάλαι-ναν μεϑεῖτε Τροίαν;In his commentary on the play (Euripides' Andromache, Oxford 1971, 215) P. T. Stevens gives a clear and concise account of the difficulties of the manuscript reading, ὀργάναν χέρα τεκτοσύνας J. Jackson (Marginalia Scaenica, Oxford 1955, 242) suggested ἄτιμον ὁρκανᾶν χέρα τεκτοσύνας (‘the hand that was cheated of its reward for building the towers of Troy’), but as Stevens points out the sentence is then meaningless, for the question τίνος οὕνεκα is answered by ἄτιμον κτλ.
Culex 62FF.
Authors: Kennedy Duncan F. 
Published: April 2013

The narrative of the Culex has scarcely begun, with a herdsman leading his goats out to pasture (42–57), when it is interrupted by a lengthy formal digression in praise of the blessings of a herdsman's life (58–97). An initial exclamation at the herdsman's felicity is followed by a complex negative enumeration of the appurtenances of wealth which are no part of his simple rural life (58ff.):o bona pastoris (si quis non pauperis usummente prius docta fastidiat et probet illissomnia luxuriae spretis) incognita curis 60quae lacerant avidas inimico pectore mentes.si non Assyrio fuerint bis lota coloreAttalicis opibus data vellera, si nitor aurisub laqueare domus animum non angit avarumpicturaeque decus, lapidum nee fulgor in ulla 65cognitus utilitate manet, hec pocula gratumAlconis referent Boethique toreuma, nee Indiconchea baca maris pretio est, at pectore purosaepe super tenero prosternit gramine corpus…
The horrible and ultimate Britons: Catullus 11.11
Authors: Mckie David 
Published: April 2013

When, in the third stanza of Catullus' Sapphic poem 11, the tradition preserved by our earliest manuscripts (O, G, R) presented the textsiue trans altas gradietur AlpesCaesaris uisens monimenta magniGallicum Rhenum horribilesque 11ultimosque BritannosR2 (Salutati) quickly restored metre to line 12 by transferring ulti– to line 11. At the same time he erased the –que of horribilesque, improving the sense, as we shall see, but leaving the line deficient by one syllable. This was the first recognition of the conflicting demands of sense and scansion in the line, as present in the twentieth as they were in the fourteenth century. Salutati made many such alterations in R, often with an eye to metre, but no manuscript authority lies behind them and we are free to accept or reject his corrections on their own merits. With the first only of these two accepted (as is normal), the lines present us with the notorious crux:Gallicum Rhenum horribilesque ulti–mosque Britannos
Framing and polyphony: readings in Hellenistic poetry
Authors: Goldhill Simon 
Published: April 2013

‘Then babble, babble words, like the solitary child who turns himself into children, two, three…” Beckett.In this paper, I intend to discuss three central Hellenistic poems: Callimachus'Hymn to Zeus, Theocritus'Idyll11 andIdyll7. Each of these poems holds a privileged position in the discussion of the Hellenistic era as well as in each poet's corpus. I am certainly not offering here what could be called complete or exhaustive readings of these works – that would be far beyond the scope of a paper of this length; rather, I want to focus on a key point of interpretation in each poem. In theHymn to Zeus, I am going to investigate the language of truth; inIdyll11, the poem's structure of frame and song; and inIdyll7, the poem's programmatic force. There are two aims in this strategy: the first is to investigate the topic of the ‘poet's voice’ in Hellenistic poetry. The three poems and the three topics of my discussion are linked in the concern for how a poet places himself within his poetry – ‘Who speaks?’, as Roland Barthes put it. The interest in poetry and how a poet relates to his poetry is a constant and fascinating theme through these works, and each of the topics I have chosen to discuss will illuminate this interest from a different aspect. Secondly, through a consideration of these three key moments of interpretation, I shall be arguing for an increased awareness of the complexity and subtlety of Hellenistic poetry. I intend to show how critics' approaches and decisions with regard to these nodes of interpretation, which may be regarded as paradigmatic, have led to a worrying oversimplification of Hellenistic poetry. I hope to show in some measure how the intellectual complexity which makes these poems so hard to read and to criticize, can also be a source of their continuing interest and delight for us.
Can friends protect genetically vulnerable children from depression?
Authors: Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Bukowski William M. , Dionne Ginette , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe study examined whether reciprocal friendship quantity or quality can mitigate genetic vulnerability for depression symptoms in children. The sample comprised 168 monozygotic twin pairs and 126 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs assessed in Grade 4 (mean age = 10.04 years). Friendship participation was measured via reciprocal nominations of close friendships within the classroom. Friendship quality was measured through self-reports. Depression symptoms were measured through teacher and peer reports. Genetic vulnerability for depression symptoms was unrelated to friendship participation or the number of reciprocal friends, but it was negatively related to positive friendship quality. In line with gene–environment interaction, genetic risk effects on depression symptoms were mitigated in girls who had at least one close reciprocal friend. In boys, only moderate main effects of genetic vulnerability and friendship participation were found but no interaction between them. However, among boys with at least one reciprocal friend, a greater number of friends was related to fewer depression symptoms whereas no cumulative effect of friendship was found for girls. Finally, positive friendship quality was related to fewer depression symptoms in girls and boys even when controlling for genetic risk. The findings emphasize the importance of teaching social interactional skills that promote high-quality friendship relations to help prevent the development of depression symptoms in children.