bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of focal pulsed-field ablation for ventricular arrhythmias: two-centre experience
Authors: Peichl Petr , Bulava Alan , Wichterle Dan , Schlosser Filip , Stojadinović Predrag , Borišincová Eva , Štiavnický Peter , Hašková Jana , Kautzner Josef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
A pulsed electric field (PF) energy source is a novel potential option for catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) as it can create deeper lesions, particularly in scarred tissue. However, very limited data exist on its efficacy and safety. This prospective observational study reports the initial experience with VA ablation using focal PF.

Methods and results
The study population consisted of 44 patients (16 women, aged 61 ± 14years) with either frequent ventricular premature complexes (VPCs, 48%) or scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT, 52%). Ablation was performed using an irrigated 4 mm tip catheter and a commercially available PF generator. On average, 16 ± 15 PF applications (25 A) were delivered per patient. Acute success was achieved in 84% of patients as assessed by elimination of VPC or reaching non-inducibility of VT. In three cases (7%), a transient conduction system block was observed during PF applications remotely from the septum. Root analysis revealed that this event was caused by current leakage from the proximal shaft electrodes in contact with the basal interventricular septum. Acute elimination of VPC was achieved in 81% patients and non-inducibility of VT in 83% patients. At the 3-month follow-up, persistent suppression of the VPC was confirmed on Holter monitoring in 81% patients. In the VT group, the mean follow-up was 116 ± 75 days and a total of 52% patients remained free of any VA.

Conclusion
Pulsed electric field catheter ablation of a broad spectrum of VA is feasible with acute high efficacy; however, the short-term follow-up is less satisfactory for patients with scar-related VT.
Outcomes of co-designed communities of practice that support members to address public health issues
Authors: Elbrink Sanne H , Elmer Shandell L , Hawkins Melanie H , Osborne Richard H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Communities of practice are commonly used to support members in responding to public health issues. This study evaluated the outcomes of five co-designed communities of practice to determine if members’ expectations were met, if knowledge sharing between members extended to knowledge translation, and if that supported members in addressing public health issues. Data were collected through an initial needs assessment, observations were made during community of practice sessions over 1 year, and qualitative interviews were conducted at the end of that year. The findings provided evidence that members’ expectations were met, knowledge sharing took place within the communities of practice, and personal benefits gained supported members in advancing knowledge sharing with other members to knowledge translation outside their community of practice. Results demonstrate three outcomes of knowledge translation for members: disseminating knowledge to others, applying knowledge to make small-scale changes in practice and leveraging the knowledge to expand its reach beyond members’ organizations. While the scale and speed of expanding outcomes were below initial expectations as indicated in the initial needs assessments, members remained optimistic about achieving larger-scale impacts in the future. This study showed that communities of practice achieve gradual progress rather than quick wins. Co-design supports the facilitators in meeting members’ needs, which can positively contribute to members sharing knowledge and translating that knowledge to support their practice to address public health issues.
Overlapping authorities, vikings in Frisia and the church of Utrecht
Authors: McNair Fraser 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 858 King Lothar II granted Bishop Hunger of Utrecht the abbey of Sint Odiliënberg to serve as a refuge against viking attacks. This article examines the political circumstance surrounding this event, arguing that the Utrecht clergy’s relocation was not a straightforward response to viking violence but was instead the result of pressures upon them caused by Frisia’s place at the centre of difference circles of overlapping authority. Through taking Frisia’s role in multiple polities and sub-polities seriously, I offer a new interpretation of the events of 858 and point to some further implications for earlier medieval politics.
A secularizing society? Case studies of English northern industrial towns in the 1950s
Authors: Field Clive 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The religious historiography of Britain during the 1950s remains underdeveloped. Such scholarship as there is has drawn disproportionately upon national church statistics and opinion polls. In this article, the findings of three contemporaneous studies of religion in northern industrial towns are presented: Rawmarsh and Scunthorpe (1954–6), Billingham (1957–9), and Bolton (1960). Sundry indicators are illuminated, including churchgoing and rites of passage. No support is found for the claim that the 1950s were a decade of ‘religious revival’. Mainstream Protestantism was at an increasingly low ebb, and Catholicism was soon to feel the chill winds of secularization also.
Sorbitol mediates age-dependent changes in apple plant growth strategy through gibberellin signaling
Authors: Jia Xumei , Xu Shuo , Wang Fei , Jia Yiwei , Qing Yubin , Gao Tengteng , Zhang Zhijun , Liu Xiaomin , Yang Chao , Ma Fengwang , Li Chao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plants experience various age-dependent changes during juvenile to adult vegetative phase. However, the regulatory mechanisms orchestrating the changes remain largely unknown in apple (Malus domestica). This study showed that tissue-cultured apple plants at juvenile, transition, and adult phase exhibit age-dependent changes in their plant growth, photosynthetic performance, hormone levels, and carbon distribution. Moreover, this study identified an age-dependent gene, sorbitol dehydrogenase (MdSDH1), a key enzyme for sorbitol catabolism, highly expressed in the juvenile phase in apple. Silencing MdSDH1 in apple significantly decreased the plant growth and GA3 levels. However, exogenous GA3 rescued the reduced plant growth phenotype of TRV-MdSDH1. Biochemical analysis revealed that MdSPL1 interacts with MdWRKY24 and synergistically enhance the repression of MdSPL1 and MdWRKY24 on MdSDH1, thereby promoting sorbitol accumulation during vegetative phase change. Exogenous sorbitol application indicated that sorbitol promotes the transcription of MdSPL1 and MdWRKY24. Notably, MdSPL1-MdWRKY24 module functions as key repressor to regulate GA-responsive gene, Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (MdGASA1) expression, thereby leading to a shift from the quick to the slow-growth strategy. These results reveal the pivotal role of sorbitol in controlling apple plant growth, thereby improving our understanding of vegetative phase change in apple.
Establishment of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System Harboring an HiBiT-Tag in the PreS2 Region
Authors: Nakaya Yuki , Onomura Daichi , Hoshi Yuji , Yamagata Tomoko , Morita Hiromi , Okamoto Hiroaki , Murata Kazumoto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Approximately 296 million people have chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). Current standard treatment, nucleos(t)ide analogs, are not efficient enough to eradicate HBV from the hepatocytes. Thus, developing new drugs for CHB is needed to achieve complete cure.

Methods
Here we established a novel HBV reporter system, HBV-HiBiT-PS2, to screen new drugs for CHB. HBV-HiBiT-PS2 was constructed by adding an HiBiT-tag at the 5′ end of preS2 and introduced this into HepG2-NTCP cells. Culture supernatant containing HBV-HiBiT-PS2 virions was fractionated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation to characterize their components. Replication kinetics and reporter function of HBV-HiBiT-PS2 were determined by analyzing the parameters for HBV replication in the presence or absence of HBV inhibitors.

Results
HBV-HiBiT-PS2 could be used for monitoring most of the replication cycle of HBV. The effects of well-characterized HBV inhibitors could be evaluated by the HiBiT activity. HBV-HiBiT-PS2 could be specialized for screening secretion inhibitors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) because most of the HiBiT activity was derived from subviral particles which are the multimers of HBsAg.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that HBV-HiBiT-PS2 would be a robust tool for screening novel drugs, especially HBsAg secretion inhibitors, targeted against CHB.
A comprehensive, large-scale analysis of “terroir” cheese and milk microbiota reveals profiles strongly shaped by both geographical and human factors
Authors: Irlinger Françoise , Mariadassou Mahendra , Dugat-Bony Eric , Rué Olivier , Neuvéglise Cécile , Renault Pierre , Rifa Etienne , Theil Sébastien , Loux Valentin , Cruaud Corinne , Gavory Frederick , Barbe Valérie , Lasbleiz Ronan , Gaucheron Frédéric , Spelle Céline , Delbès Céline 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An exhaustive analysis was performed on more than 2000 microbiotas from French Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheeses, covering most cheese families produced throughout the world. Thanks to a complete and accurate set of associated metadata, we have carried out a deep analysis of the ecological drivers of microbial communities in milk and “terroir” cheeses. We show that bacterial and fungal microbiota from milk differed significantly across dairy species while sharing a core microbiome consisting of four microbial species. By contrast, no microbial species were detected in all ripened cheese samples. Our network analysis suggested that the cheese microbiota was organized into independent network modules. These network modules comprised mainly species with an overall relative abundance lower than 1%, showing that the most abundant species were not those with the most interactions. Species assemblages differed depending on human drivers, dairy species, and geographical area, thus demonstrating the contribution of regional know-how to shaping the cheese microbiota. Finally, an extensive analysis at the milk-to-cheese batch level showed that a high proportion of cheese taxa were derived from milk under the influence of the dairy species and protected designation of origin.
Is percutaneous nephrolithotripsy feasible in ipsilateral lumbar incisional hernia? A report of two patients
Authors: Do Anh Toan , Nguyen Huynh Dang Khoa , Nguyen Ngoc Thai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Incisional hernia refers to an abdominal wall defect at the site of a previous surgical incision. In this paper, we describe two patients who previously underwent open kidney stone surgery several years ago and had the ipsilateral recurrent stones. They were both managed by a mini percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) to treat kidney stones. Case 1 was a 50-year-old female with right recurrent staghorn stones after 5 years of open surgery and required two PCNL procedures to achieve stone-free status. Case 2 was a 74-year-old male with significant comorbidities who had a right 27 mm recurrent kidney stone after 10 years of open nephrolithotomy. Both patients experienced no postoperative complications after PCNL. These cases show that in cases of lumbar incisional scar hernias, mini PCNL with ultrasound guidance and proper patient positioning can be an optimal approach for kidney stone treatment.
‘The Stamp of Their Own Iniquity’: Ottobah Cugoano on the Mark of Cain, Noah’s Curse, and Enslavers
Authors: Schipper Jeremy 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Recently, Nyasha Junior has argued that interpretations of Cain by Black interpreters should not be understood as merely a reaction or corrective to anti-Black aetiological theories about the mark of Cain (Gen. 4:15). Surveying a range of 19th- and early 20th-century Black interpreters, Junior showed how they used the story of Cain to account for the violence that they believed is inherent in white people. In this article, I provide further evidence for this reading of Cain’s violence as an aetiological explanation for white violence. I analyse Ottobah Cugoano’s discussion of Cain in his Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery: and Commerce of the Human Species (1787) as a further example of this type of interpretation within African diasporic writings. In unmooring the mark from racial origins and linking it closely to racial violence, in part through a connection that Cugoano makes with Noah’s curse of his grandson Canaan in Genesis 9, elements of Cugoano’s argument anticipate the 19th- and early 20th-century Black interpreters who, as Junior discussed, argue that white people resemble Cain in their inherently violent tendencies.
Dietary iron intake has long-term effects on the fecal metabolome and microbiome
Authors: Kostenko Anastasiia , Zuffa Simone , Zhi Hui , Mildau Kevin , Raffatellu Manuela , Dorrestein Pieter C , Aron Allegra T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Iron is essential for life, but its imbalances can lead to severe health implications. Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient disorder worldwide, and iron dysregulation in early life has been found to cause long-lasting behavioral, cognitive, and neural effects. However, little is known about the effects of dietary iron on gut microbiome function and metabolism. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of dietary iron on the fecal metabolome and microbiome by using mice fed with three diets with different iron content: an iron deficient, an iron sufficient (standard), and an iron overload diet for 7 weeks. Additionally, we sought to understand whether any observed changes would persist past the 7-week period of diet intervention. To assess this, all feeding groups were switched to a standard diet, and this feeding continued for an additional 7 weeks. Analysis of the fecal metabolome revealed that iron overload and deficiency significantly alter levels of peptides, nucleic acids, and lipids, including di- and tri-peptides containing branched-chain amino acids, inosine and guanosine, and several microbial conjugated bile acids. The observed changes in the fecal metabolome persist long after the switch back to a standard diet, with the cecal gut microbiota composition and function of each group distinct after the 7-week standard diet wash-out. Our results highlight the enduring metabolic consequences of nutritional imbalances, mediated by both the host and gut microbiome, which persist after returning to the original standard diets.
Weak-cooperative binding of a long single-stranded DNA chain on a surface
Authors: Nava Giovanni , Carzaniga Thomas , Casiraghi Luca , Bot Erik , Zanchetta Giuliano , Damin Francesco , Chiari Marcella , Weber Gerald , Bellini Tommaso , Mollica Luca , Buscaglia Marco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Binding gene-wide single-stranded nucleic acids to surface-immobilized complementary probes is an important but challenging process for biophysical studies and diagnostic applications. The challenge comes from the conformational dynamics of the long chain that affects its accessibility and weakens its hybridization to the probes. We investigated the binding of bacteriophage genome M13mp18 on several different 20-mer probes immobilized on the surface of a multi-spot, label-free biosensor, and observed that only a few of them display strong binding capability with dissociation constant as low as 10 pM. Comparing experimental data and computational analysis of the M13mp18 chain structural features, we found that the capturing performance of a specific probe is directly related to the multiplicity of binding sites on the genomic strand, and poorly connected with the predicted secondary and tertiary structure. We show that a model of weak cooperativity of transient bonds is compatible with the measured binding kinetics and accounts for the enhancement of probe capturing observed when more than 20 partial pairings with binding free energy lower than -10 kcal mol−1 are present. This mechanism provides a specific pattern of response of a genomic strand on a panel of properly selected oligomer probe sequences.
Kidney outcomes with SGLT2 inhibitor versus DPP4 inhibitor use in older adults with diabetes
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Okada Akira , Komuro Jin , Ko Toshiyuki , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Akira , Ieda Masaki , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Nangaku Masaomi , Komuro Issei 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
While the kidney-protective effects of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have attracted much attention, there are limited real-world clinical data examining the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney function in older individuals. We aimed to compare the kidney outcomes between SGLT2 inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor use in older adults with diabetes.

Methods
Using a nationwide claims database, we studied 6354 older adults (≥60 years of age) who had diabetes and were newly initiated on SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP4 inhibitors. A 1:4 propensity score matching algorithm was used to compare changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between SGLT2 inhibitor and DPP4 inhibitor users. The primary outcome was a decrease in the rate of eGFR, which was obtained using a linear mixed-effects model with an unstructured covariance.

Results
Following propensity score matching, 6354 individuals including 1271 SGLT2 inhibitor users and 5083 DPP4 inhibitor users {median age 68 years [interquartile range (IQR) 65–70], male 60.4%, median eGFR 69.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 [IQR 59.1–79.0], median haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 6.9% [IQR 6.5–7.4]} were analysed. SGLT2 inhibitor users had a slower eGFR decline than did DPP4 inhibitor users [−0.97 ml/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI −1.24 to −0.70) versus −1.83 ml/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI −1.97 to −1.69); P for interaction &lt;.001]. This finding remained consistent across subgroups based on age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c level, renin–angiotensin system inhibitor use and baseline eGFR. Additionally, the risk of a ≥20%, ≥30% and ≥40% decrease in eGFR from baseline was significantly lower in SGLT2 inhibitor users than in DPP4 inhibitor users.

Conclusions
Our analysis, utilizing a nationwide epidemiological dataset, demonstrated that the decrease in eGFR was slower in individuals ≥60 years of age with diabetes who were prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors compared with those prescribed DPP4 inhibitors, suggesting a potential advantage of SGLT2 inhibitors for kidney outcomes even in older individuals with diabetes.
Rising to the Challenge: An ID Provider–Led Initiative to Address Penicillin Allergy Labels at a Large Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Arasaratnam Reuben J , Guastadisegni Jessica M , Kouma Marcus A , Maxwell Daniel , Yang Linda , Storey Donald F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Given the negative consequences associated with a penicillin allergy label, broader penicillin allergy delabeling initiatives are highly desirable but hindered by the shortage of allergists in the United States. To address this problem at our facility, the infectious diseases section introduced a quality improvement initiative to evaluate and remove allergy labels among inpatient veterans.

Methods
Between 15 November 2022 and 15 December 2023, we identified inpatients with a penicillin allergy label. We subsequently interviewed eligible candidates to stratify penicillin allergy risk and attempt to remove the allergy label directly via chart review, following inpatient oral amoxicillin challenge or outpatient community care allergy referral. Delabeling outcomes, subsequent penicillin-class prescriptions, and relabeling were tracked after successful allergy label removal.

Results
We screened 272 veterans, of whom 154 were interviewed for this intervention. A total of 53 patients were delabeled: 26 directly, 23 following oral amoxicillin challenge, and 4 following outpatient allergy referrals. Of the patients who were delabeled, 25 received subsequent penicillin-class prescriptions. No adverse reactions occurred following inpatient oral amoxicillin challenges. Patients with a low-risk penicillin allergy history were more likely to undergo a challenge if admitted with an infectious diseases–related condition. Only 1 inappropriate relabeling event occurred during the study period, which was subsequently corrected.

Conclusions
An infectious diseases provider–led initiative resulted in penicillin allergy label removal in more than one third of inpatients evaluated using direct removal or oral amoxicillin challenge. Efforts focused on patients who had been admitted for infections were particularly successful.
Beyond the Standard GWAS—A Guide for Plant Biologists
Authors: Clauw Pieter , Ellis Thomas James , Liu Hai-Jun , Sasaki Eriko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Classic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) look for associations between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes of interest. With the rapid progress of high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies, GWAS have become increasingly powerful for detecting genetic determinants and their molecular mechanisms underpinning natural phenotypic variation. However, GWAS frequently yield results with neither expected nor promising loci, nor any significant associations. This is often because associations between SNPs and a single phenotype are confounded, for example with the environment, other traits or complex genetic structures. Such confounding can mask true genotype–phenotype associations, or inflate spurious associations. To address these problems, numerous methods have been developed that go beyond the standard model. Such advanced GWAS models are flexible and can offer improved statistical power for understanding the genetics underlying complex traits. Despite this advantage, these models have not been widely adopted and implemented compared to the standard GWAS approach, partly because this literature is diverse and often technical. In this review, our aim is to provide an overview of the application and the benefits of various advanced GWAS models for handling complex traits and genetic structures, targeting plant biologists who wish to carry out GWAS more effectively.
Trade Wars, Nominal Rigidities, and Monetary Policy
Authors: Auray Stéphane , Devereux Michael B , Eyquem Aurélien 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper shows that the outcome of trade wars for tariffs and welfare will be affected by the monetary policy regime. The key message is that trade policy interacts with monetary policy in a way that magnifies the welfare costs of discretionary monetary policy in an international setting. If countries follow monetary policies of flexible inflation targeting, trade wars are relatively mild, with low equilibrium tariffs and small welfare costs. Discretionary monetary policies imply much higher tariffs, high inflation rates, and substantially larger welfare costs. We quantify the effects of a global trade war among major economies using estimates of trade elasticities, economic size, net foreign assets, and trade openness. We find large welfare benefits of an inflation targeting monetary policy for all countries.