bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left main bronchus compression by massive pericardial effusion: A rare cause of respiratory distress in an infant: A case report
Authors: Sudeep K. C. , Angurana Suresh Kumar , Nori Harshita , Naganur Sanjeev Hanumantacharya , Bhatia Anmol 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTracheobronchial compression due to cardiovascular disease is a rare cause of respiratory distress in children, and common causes include vascular slings and rings, abnormal origin of major vessels, and left atrial enlargement. Intrathoracic airway compression due to pericardial effusion is a rare cause of respiratory distress in children. Here, we present a 6-month-old male child who presented with respiratory distress due to extraluminal compression of the left main bronchus by large pericardial effusion leading to left lung collapse, which improved after pericardiocentesis.
Challenges in estimating the severity of kidney dysfunction in critically ill children
Authors: Rameshkumar Ramachandran , Chidambaram Muthu , Bhowmick Rohit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in critical care settings and conferred an increased risk of morbidities and mortality. The pendulum has shifted to the increasing number of children with comorbidities exposed to potential kidney damage. AKI is a complex clinical syndrome due to heterogeneous etiology. There has been an evolution in the definition and staging of AKI over the past two decades. However, estimating glomerular filtration rate in rapidly changing kidney function remains challenging. Although biomarkers are promising in AKI identification, timing is crucial in deciding which biomarker to measure. The outcome of AKI is not always recovery, but it is an interconnected syndrome with acute and chronic kidney disease.
Transmission regulating immune genes- a potential strategy to control vector borne disease
Authors: Srivastava Hemlata , Gupta Bhavna , Ali Mohammad Irfan , Moin Sarmad 
Published: July 2024

Background & objectives:
More than 1 million people die every year from vector-borne diseases, which constitute more than 17% of all infectious diseases. This study’s primary focus is on the detailed evolutionary history and expression analysis of immune genes, one of the key gene families in the immune system of vectors that play a role in the regulation and interaction of parasites in vector bodies, particularly the mosquitoes that transmit malaria and dengue, significant vector borne disease.

Methods:
The vector potentiality and participation of TLR genes in vector parasite interaction in the Indian context will be explained by the differential expression study of this potential gene family in Indian populations of vector species.

Results:
This knowledge is supportive undoubtedly for creating new pharmacological targets and inhibitors that can create insect-based transmission stopping techniques for many vector-borne diseases.

Interpretation & conclusion:
However, the genetic diversity was found to be comparatively lower in the Toll1A gene than in the NOS immune gene in the malaria vector An. minimus population samples which supports the hypothesis of positive selection in recent evolutionary time scale in malaria vectors. This is one of the novel strategies to identify transmission regulating genetic traits that are controlling the vector-parasite interaction and co-evolution in vector borne disease.
Characterization of Leclercia adecarboxylata isolated from field collected Anopheles subpictus in Berhampur, Odisha, India
Authors: Agrawal Ankita , Barik Tapan Kumar , Patel Amiya Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Background & objectives;
Malaria, a vector-borne disease, is caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by Anopheles species. Among these vectors, Anopheles subpictus has emerged as a potent malarial vector in coastal areas of India. Numerous studies have highlighted that bacterial communities within mosquito influence vector competence. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize bacterial microbiota from An. subpictus larvae.

Methods:
Isolation and purification of the predominant bacterial strain (ALl) was carried out. Morphological, biochemical, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of the isolated bacteria was performed.

Results:
Bacterial isolate (AL1) was found to be rod, gram negative, catalase positive and oxidase negative. AL1 was identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata (Accession number: OR649235) through 16S rRNA ribotyping. Further, the leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis showed inhibitory effect against ALl.

Interpretation & conclusion:
The study provided the first report on the isolation of symbiotic bacteria (L. adecarboxylata) from An. subpictus and its control by leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis. Isolated gram-negative bacterial strain might inhibit the development of mosquito vectors and can be implemented for various biological control strategies to combat malaria transmission.
Fingerprints as an Index for Cooperation in Children during Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Meera A. K. , Punathil Sameer , Pai Archana , James Jeswin , Venugopal Jipsa , Rag Bimal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The behaviour of a child is an essential factor in paediatric dentistry. Fingerprints are unique and constant over a lifetime. Some studies indicate a relationship between fingerprint type and behaviour mode of children during dental treatment. Therefore, fingerprint patterns might help to predict the extent of cooperation by children during dental procedures.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between fingerprint patterns and the cooperation of children during dental procedures.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 80 children aged 4–7 years were examined. The children meeting the inclusion criteria in their first dental visit are scheduled for a dental procedure. During this procedure, based on Frankl’s scale, the child’s behaviour is assessed. Subjects were categorised as cooperative or uncooperative. A different examiner records the child’s fingerprint. The data were compared with SPSS Version 21. Intergroup comparison was made using the Chi-square test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
Amongst the 47 cooperative children, 34 children had loop fingerprint pattern, 7 had whorl fingerprint pattern and 6 had arch fingerprint patterns. Amongst the 33 uncooperative children, 14 had loop fingerprint pattern, 15 had whorl fingerprint pattern and 4 had arch fingerprint pattern. The difference was significant between the groups (P < 0.01) based on dermatoglyphic characteristics, with the loop pattern being seen in cooperative children and the whorl pattern in uncooperative children.

Conclusion:
There is a relationship between fingerprint type and behaviour mode of children, with loop pattern being the primary fingerprint type amongst the cooperative group and whorl pattern amongst the uncooperative group.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dental Practitioners in Kerala on Clinical Decision Support Tools in the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries
Authors: Jayan Namitha Attuvepil , Subbalekshmi T. , Thomas Jeswin M. , George Miranda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Traumatic dental injuries (TDI’s) be it simple or complex are one of the most frequently encountered oral health problems of public health concern. The quality of the treatment provided by the practitioners can affect the overall prognosis of the affected teeth. To achieve optimal clinical success, evidence-based knowledge in the management of TDIs is essential. There is rapid accessibility of information through clinical decision support tools (CDST) (mobile applications and guidelines) which can be utilised by practitioners for efficient management of TDIs.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental practitioners in Kerala on the use of CDST in the management of TDI’s.

Settings and Design:
This was an observational cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:
A close-ended validated electronic questionnaire with 37 questions was circulated amongst100 dental practitioners from October to December 2023. Participation in the study was voluntary and all responses were anonymous.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the characteristics of survey respondents and their responses.

Results:
Practitioners were somewhat confident (77%) or neutral (33%) in planning the treatment of TDI and 25% were extremely confident. Most of the practitioners were not aware of CDST (64%). Amongst the practitioners who were aware of CDST (34%), 60% used mobile applications for managing TDI. Seventy-four percentage of the practitioners had knowledge on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines and 80% of them had used it for treatment planning.

Conclusions:
The current results demonstrated a lack of knowledge amongst practitioners regarding CDST. Hence, there is a need for planned interventions to create and propagate awareness regarding the same.
Prevalence and Molecular Detection of Virulence Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Human Clinical Samples and Poultry in Duhok City, Iraq
Authors: Albazaz Rojan Ibrahim , Yassin Najim Abdulla 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli has increased virulence and multidrug resistance (MDR).

Objectives:
This study was designed to ascertain the frequency of some virulence factor genes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, ESBLs, and MDR, focused on colistin-resistant E. coli strains of human and animal origin in Duhok city, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
Between December 2020 and April 2021, a total of 150 E. coli isolates (110 from human clinical specimens and 40 from poultry cloacal swabs) were included in this study. The isolates underwent screening for antibiotic susceptibility, MDR, ESBL, and molecular detection of four virulence genes (fimA, cnfL, crL, and hlyA) was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Urine specimens (77.2%) compared to blood, wound, vaginal swab, sputum, and semen from outpatients (71.8%). All strains from humans and poultry showed high resistance to ampicillin (86%–97%), ceftriaxone (74%–47%), tetracycline (72%–85%), ciprofloxacin (48%–97%), and colistin (17%–12%). The lowest levels of resistance were found for carbapenems (4%–4%), and the MDR for the isolates was 63%–93%. Apart from carbapenems, colistin-resistant isolates, especially those from poultry, exhibited significant resistance to other antibiotics, and 57% of these isolates being ESBL producers. Three virulence genes (fimA, cnfL, and crL) were highly prevalent (92%) in human isolates, with the crL gene being predominant (100%). Among poultry isolates, fimA was more prevalent (94%) while crL was less common (6%).

Conclusion:
The predominance of isolates of colistin-resistant poultry origin and the virulence of isolates of human E. coli origin indicate that both strains are currently experiencing an increase in antibiotic resistance.
Pregnant Women’s Hematological Profile in Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Rasheed Bizav N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
In pregnancy, hematological changes occur in order to meet the demands of the developing fetus and placenta, with major alterations in blood volume. Abnormal hematological profile affects pregnancy and its outcome.

Objective:
The objective of study is to determine the hematological changes that take place during pregnancy, to assess these changes in pregnant women, and to contrast hematological parameters between trimesters in Duhok Governorate, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
From October 2021 to May 2022, at the Duhok Maternity Hospital, 210 (70 first, 70 s, and 70 third trimesters) consecutively healthy pregnant women were subjected to the study. A pre-tested questionnaire form used to gather socio-demographic data for hematological parameters analysis using a Medonic auto analyzer blood count coulter, and a peripheral blood film review, after the withdrawal of four milliliters of blood from voluntaries participants.

Results:
The hematological profile for 210 pregnant women was studied, and there were differences between the trimesters. The results for red blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes were found statistically significant between 1st and 2nd trimesters (P value = 0.020, 0.0001, 0.006, and 0.023), respectively. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of lymphocytes between 1st and 3rd trimesters were statistically significant (P value < 0.05). A significant difference was found between 2nd and 3rd trimester for hemoglobin and platelets (P value 0.0001 and 0.021), respectively.

Conclusion:
Numerous hematologic problems can be brought on by being pregnant or develop during pregnancy. These hematological conditions were leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. These complaints are a generous cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, which has effects on both the mother and the fetus. In order to reduce the hazards, these hematological illnesses provide to pregnant women and their developing fetus; more research should be done.
Molecular Identification of Kocuria Species Isolated from Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Ali Seenaa Muhammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:

Kocuria species is now increasingly being recognized as an emerging human pathogen, suggesting that this genus has mostly been neglected or misidentified.

Objective:
This study attempts to use molecular techniques to correctly identify Kocuria species isolated from inpatient children, and to compare between the identification results obtained from two methods: VITEK 2 and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Materials and Methods:
VITEK 2, an automated system, was used to identify clinical isolates. Isolates identified as Kocuria spp. were submitted to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction testing. A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene was constructed and compared to GenBank sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. To confirm the strains’ identity, a phylogenetic tree including all Kocuria species was constructed.

Results:
Three isolates of Kocuria spp. were identified; the first two isolates were confirmed as K. kristinae by VITEK 2, pairwise 16S rRNA sequencing, and phylogenetic tree. However, the third isolate was identified as K. rosea, contradicting the pairwise 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree identification as K. turfanensis.

Conclusion:
It is crucial to utilize molecular techniques for correctly identifying Kocuria species. In this study, it is found that K. turfanensis emerges as a pathogenic species and the first known cause of meningitis in humans and K. kristinae is identified as the first known cause of pediatric urinary tract infections.
Study the Correlation of Zearalenone with Prevalence of Breast Cancer in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mhanaa Haider Abbas Hadi , Al-Obaidi Atheer B. , Algazali Sajad A. , Abdelzaher H.G. , Abdelzaher M.A. , Alsirhani Alaa Muqbil , Mohammed Rawaa M. , Mohammed Roaa , Ali Mohanad Kadhim , Mahdi Mohammed Qasim Salih , Abdul-Jawad Dhuhah Hayder , Al-Muhanna Estabraq Hassan Badder , Alsaadi Ismael Mohammed , Bustani Ghadeer Sabah , Al-Hasan Baraa Akeel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to investigate the concentration of ZAN in female breast cancer patients compared to a control group.Objectives:The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of ZAN and its association with breast cancer in female patients treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province.Materials and Methods:A total of 40 female breast cancer patients who were treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province between April and August 2022 were included in the study. Additionally, 20 healthy females served as the control group. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively diagnose the ratio of ZAN in the 40 breast cancer cases with positive results. Serum samples were collected in sterile Eppendorf tubes and analyzed using HPLC to determine the concentration of ZAN. Relevant patient information, including age ranges, was recorded in data sheets.Results:The results revealed a significant increase (P< 0.05) in ZAN concentrations among the breast cancer patients compared to the control group. The concentrations of ZAN were measured at 0.345394 and 0.220381 ng/mL, respectively, indicating higher ZAN levels in the breast cancer patient group.Conclusion:This study provides evidence of a significant association between ZAN concentration and breast cancer in female patients treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of ZAN in breast cancer development. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship and potentially develop targeted interventions.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Currant Extracts and Study of Protective against Liver Necrosis of Rat
Authors: Al-Kurdy Masar J. , Al-Khuzaie Mohammed G. A. , Habeeb Afrah A. , Abbas Ghanim A. , Al Dulaimi Zaid M. H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The goal of the current research was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) via a simple, cheap, and eco-friendly method as an efficient antioxidant agent.

Materials and Methods:
ZnONPs are synthesized by reduction of zinc acetate dehydrate using extract of black currant (BC) as reductant. The characterization of stability, size, morphology, and the surface function groups present on synthesized ZnOBCNPs was achieved by Fourier transform infra red, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the research included investigating the protective effect of prepared ZONPS on oxidative-stressed rats and evaluating its effectiveness in reducing free radical-induced damage by tracking the concentrations of liver enzymes and blood lipid profiles of rats.

Results:
The results showed that ZONPS has a positive, beneficial effect in the protection of the rat tissues and ameliorating side effects of oxidative stress.

Conclusions:
ZONPS can be produced in a simple way, quickly, and in an environmentally friendly manner without the use of hazardous reagents. In this method, zinc acetate dehydrate is reduced with an aqueous solution of BC. The ZONPS, thus produced, can be used as a tissue protectant against oxidative stress. The results showed that the concentrations of liver enzymes and blood lipid profile were stable within normal values in rats exposed to oxidative stress and treated with the prepared ZONPS solution. This indicates that the prepared nanoparticles reduced the harmful effect of oxidative stress through several proposed mechanisms mentioned previously.
Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plant Crude Extracts (Aqueous, Ethanol, and Acetone) Against Several Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Mohammed Fatima Razzaq , Hussein Khalid Ali , Abboud Zuhair Hameed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The Terminalia chebula fruit extract possesses various biological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protoparasite.

Objective:
This study aimed to detect the active compounds in the aqueous, ethyl alcoholic, and acetone extracts of the seeds of Terminalia chebula, Pimpinella anisum, and Artemisia herba-alba against the bacterial species that will be isolated from bacterial skin infections.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 120 pathological isolates were isolated from patients with bacterial skin infections; aqueous, alcoholic, and acetone extracts were prepared; the efficiency of these plant extracts against bacterial species was evaluated; and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined.

Results:
A total of 100 bacterial isolates were obtained out of 120 samples, which included 42 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 33 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 25 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The alcoholic extract of the seeds of the Terminalia chebula plant was the best plant extract in inhibiting the isolated bacterial species.

Conclusions:
The Iraqi environment is rich in medicinal plants such as Terminalia chebula, Pimpinella anisum, and Artemisia herba-alba.

Conclusion:
It was also found that the alcoholic extracts of the seeds of the Terminalia chebula showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria species under study, and all studied plants contain most of the active compounds.
Impact of Congenital Uterine Anomalies on Ectopic Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of 510 Cases
Authors: Al-Bdairi Adnan A. H. , Makki Al-Hindy Hayder Abdul-Amir , Rahmatullah Wafaa Salih , Alshukri Wafa Salih Mahdi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Congenital uterine abnormalities may affect a woman’s ability to reproduce, leading to negative pregnancy-related consequences. One to two percent of all pregnancies are said to carry the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between reproductive, obstetric, and natal outcomes and various subtypes of congenital uterine abnormalities.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study included 510 infertile women with a mean age of 36.72 ± 6.99 years. All were submitted to a thorough medical, gynecological, and obstetrical history, and 3D sonography. As well, hysteroscopy examinations were also performed for all females to reveal uterine contours, and detect any Mullerian system anomalies. Uterine anomalies when diagnosed were classified according to the “ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies.”

Results:
The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies was 44.9% among patients with ectopic pregnancy. The most common uterine anomaly was uterine septum (962.4%), followed by T-shape uterus (25.8%), then unicornuate (9.2%), and the least incidence was the bicornuate uterus (2.6%). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a significantly higher (OR = 1.82) overall risk of developing secondary infertility (P = 0.001). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a significantly increased overall risk (OR = 1.476) of experiencing an abortion (P = 0.043). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a much higher probability of not giving birth to a live child (OR = 1.72, P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
When compared to women without anomalies, those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a markedly higher overall risk of developing secondary infertility, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and a much higher probability of not giving birth to a live child.
DESIGN DAN PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PANIC BUTTON
Authors: Wijaya Ryan Aji 
Published: July 2024

Kepolisian memiliki salah satu fungsi sebagai layanan pengaduan masyarakat seperti laporan penipuan, pencurian, tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, kehilangan barang dan laporan lainnya. Pengaduan masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan datang langsung atau melakukan laporan darurat melalui layanan telepon yang disediakan oleh pihak Kepolisian. Untuk mempercepat respon dari pengaduan masyarakat yang berstatus darurat dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang berjalan secara real time.
Pemanfaatan teknologi aplikasi telepon dapat mempermudah pelaporan masyarakat ke pihak kepolisian bahkan diharapkan dengan adanya laporan secara realtime tindak kejahatan maupun kejadian yang sedang berlangsung dapat segera ditangani oleh petugas yang sedang berada di sekitar kejadian perkara.
Hasil dari kebutuhan masyarakat tersebut dan keperluan terdeteksinya lokasi kejadian perkara oleh anggota polisi di lapangan, dirancang tiga aplikasi di dalam sistem Panic Button. Yaitu aplikasi yang digunakan masyarakat untuk melakukan pelaporan, aplikasi yang digunakan pihak kepolisian yang bertugas dilapangan menerima laporan masyarakat dan aplikasi panic button management system yang berfungsi mengatur keseluruhan kebutuhan aplikasi yang berada di sistem.