bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of depression in adults with cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Walker J. , Sawhney A. , Hansen C. Holm , Ahmed S. , Martin P. , Symeonides S. , Murray G. , Sharpe M. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundDepression is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide and is especially problematic in people with chronic diseases, including cancer. Although depression can be effectively treated in the general population using antidepressant medication and psychological treatments, these treatments may have different benefits and harms in cancer patients. Previous reviews have not adequately addressed this topic. We therefore aimed to determine which, if any, treatments are effective for patients with diagnoses of both cancer and depression.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of relevant randomized controlled trials identified through searches of Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).ResultsSeven relatively small trials met the selection criteria. These provided some evidence that antidepressant medication, given alone or in combination with a psychological treatment, may be effective. We found no good evidence for psychological treatments given alone or for any other forms of treatment.ConclusionsThere is very limited evidence from clinical trials to guide the treatment of cancer patients with a diagnosis of depression, especially for psychological treatments. High quality trials of treatments for depression in patients with cancer are urgently needed.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ADVANCE NOTIFICATION LETTER TO INCREASE COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING
Authors: Cronin Paula , Goodall Stephen , Lockett Trevor , O'Keefe Christine M. , Norman Richard , Church Jody 
Published: June 2013

Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a patient-direct mailed advance notification letter on participants of a National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in Australia, which was launched in August 2006 and offers free fecal occult blood testing to all Australians turning 50, 55, or 65 years of age in any given year.Methods:This study followed a hypothetical cohort of 50-year-old, 55-year-old, and 65-year-old patients undergoing fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening through a decision analytic Markov model. The intervention compared two strategies: (i) advance letter, NBCSP, and FOBT compared with (ii) NBCSP and FOBT. The main outcome measures were life-years gained (LYG), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.Results:An advance notification screening letter would yield an additional 54 per 100,000 colorectal cancer deaths avoided compared with no letter. The estimated cost-effectiveness was $3,976 per LYG and $6,976 per QALY gained.Conclusions:An advance notification letter in the NBCSP may have a significant impact on LYG and cancer deaths avoided. It is cost-effective and offers a feasible strategy that could be rolled out across other screening program at an acceptable cost.
Three-dimensional labels: A unified approach to labels for a general spatial grammar interpreter
Authors: Hoisl Frank , Shea Kristina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSpatial grammars are rule-based, generative systems for the specification of formal languages. Set and shape grammar formulations of spatial grammars enable the definition of spatial design languages and the creation of alternative designs. The original formalism includes labels that provide the possibility to restrict the application of rules or to incorporate additional, nongeometric information in grammar rules. Labels have been used in various ways. This paper investigates the different uses of labels in existing spatial grammars, both paper based and computational, and introduces a new concept of three-dimensional (3-D) labels for spatial grammars. The approach consolidates the different label types in one integrated concept. The main use of 3-D labels is that they can simplify the matching of the left-hand side of rules in parametric grammars. A prototype implementation is used to illustrate the approach through a mechanical engineering example of generating robot arm concepts. This approach more readily enables the use of complex solid geometry in the definition and application of parametric rules. Thus, the flexible generation of complex, meaningful design solutions for mechanical engineering applications can be achieved using parametric spatial grammars combined with 3-D labels.
Reevaluating Art Crime's Famous Figures
Authors: Durney Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to demonstrate that the figures used to describe the size and scope of cultural property crimes—that it is a $6 billion illicit industry and that it ranks among the third or fourth largest criminal enterprise annually—are without statistical merit. It underscores the ambiguities inherent in the figures and uses the 2003 theft of the Duke of Buccleuch's painting by Leonardo da Vinci,Madonna of the Yarnwinder, to illustrate the difficulties related to establishing monetary estimates for cultural property crimes. It calls for a more empirical approach to measuring the magnitude of the problem on the part of cultural property crime experts. Finally, it examines the reporting methods of the world's largest cultural property crimes law enforcement agency, theComando Carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale, in order to provide a model for others to follow in the effort to communicate the severity of the problem and to increase its financial, social, and political support.
Survival, Revival and Continuance: The Menglian Weaving Revival Project
Authors: Shuzhong He , Prott Lyndel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecent efforts to ensure the survival of cultural diversity in a globalized world have led to efforts to preserve, revitalize, and continue craft traditions in marginal communities. This article records an effort to support the distinctive Dai culture in the province of Yunnan, China, by first establishing an archive of documents, photographs, and oral records of the traditions of a Dai community in the county of Menglian and following that by reviving and expanding the traditional weaving carried out by Dai women. It shows the complexity of this kind of activity, the need to encourage younger members of the community to learn the distinctive techniques of weaving and to develop a niche market for its products. Group crafts and traditions have often developed and varied over centuries; further adaptations may be needed to restore viability. Reinstatement of quality improved its value by adopting wider looms, better dyeing techniques, higher quality thread, and by encouraging new creative efforts in the development of the final product, thus providing better economic returns to the weavers and the community in general. In providing an exemplary process for isolated and dispirited communities to improve their economic circumstances and reinvigorate their ethnic traditions, it demonstrates the significant contribution that nongovernmental organizations can make to this kind of work.
Time-on-Task in Children with ADHD: An ex-Gaussian Analysis
Authors: Tarantino Vincenza , Cutini Simone , Mogentale Carla , Bisiacchi Patrizia Silvia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough it is widely known that high intra-individual variability (IIV) is a key characteristic of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a detailed exploration of the IIV pattern during the time course of a cognitive task has never been carried out. In this study, 30 children with ADHD and 30 controls, were administered the Conners’ Continuous Performance Task (CPT-II). The across-block individual performance of the groups was analyzed using an ex-Gaussian approach, which enabled a clearer understanding of how individual response times (RTs) fluctuate during a task in comparison with conventional measures of central tendency. While the conventional measures showed a significant group effect on mean RTs but similar RT trends across blocks between the two groups, the ex-Gaussian results revealed no actual differences between the two groups in the normally distributed component of mean RTs (mu). In contrast to the control group, the children with ADHD showed a steep increase in the exponentially distributed component of RTs (tau) across blocks, thereby indicating that extremely long RTs progressively increased soon after the beginning of the task. Taken together, the results demonstrated that sustained attention deficit in ADHD can be detected by analyzing the IIV in the first few task blocks. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–9)
Recovery of Resistant Starch by a Classical and a New Assay for Dietary Fiber
Authors: Maningat Clodualdo C. , Seib Paul A. , Bassi Sukh D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn vitro assays of dietary fiber, which include enzymatic removal of starch and protein from a sample, give variable recovery of the resistant starch fraction, depending on the class of resistant starch and its resilience to different amylolytic conditions. This paper summarizes our views and opinions on the classical and the new assay for dietary fiber.
Essential Role of Angiotensin Receptors in the Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Sun Lihua , Xiao Weidong , Yang Hua 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:We have previously shown that angiotensin II (ANGII) plays an important role in the regulation of the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In this study, we investigated the pathway by which ANGII modulates apoptosis of the IECs.Methods:Epithelial cells (HT‐29) were cultured; the ANGII receptor type‐1 (AT1R) inhibitor (Losartan) and ANGII receptor type‐2 (AT2R) inhibitor (PD123319) were used separately to block the ANGII receptor. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of the IECs. In the in vivo study, Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham group, which received a ileum transection (n = 6); sham + angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE‐I) group, which received a ileum transection, and lavage with ACE‐I (enalaprilat 2 mg · kg−1 day−1) (n = 6); short bowel syndrome (SBS) group, which received a 70% mid‐intestinal resection (n = 6); and SBS + ACE‐I group, which received a 70% mid‐intestinal resection, and lavage with enalaprilat (2 mg · kg−1 day−1) (n = 6). Sampling was done 10 days after surgery. The expression of ANGII receptors Bax and Bcl‐2 was detected with immunofluorescence, real‐time‐polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot methods.Results:Massive small bowel resection led to a significant increase in epithelial cells apoptosis, and the addition of ACE‐I to SBS rat significantly attenuated this increase in apoptosis. AT1R expression on intestinal mucosa surface decreased after small bowel resection. Pretreatment with the AT1R antagonist Losartan significantly attenuated the increase of epithelial cell apoptosis caused by ANGII administration. Moreover, the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was found to be increased in cells pretreated with Losartan, which indicates a proapoptotic role of AT1R in cultured HT‐29 cell lines.Conclusions:These findings suggest that ANGII plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis of the IECs. AT1R may be of crucial importance for the modulation of intestinal EC apoptosis.
Are Thiopurines Always Contraindicated After Thiopurine‐Induced Pancreatitis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Authors: Ledder Oren D. , Lemberg Daniel A. , Ooi Chee Y. , Day Andrew S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and Aims:Thiopurine use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well established for maintenance of disease remission. Approximately 3% of patients with IBD develop thiopurine‐induced pancreatitis (TIP) as an idiosyncratic reaction. Patients diagnosed as having TIP are largely considered not to be candidates for future use of this drug. We hypothesize that previous TIP is not an absolute contraindication to retrialing a different thiopurine.Methods:This case series is a retrospective chart review of those patients with IBD in whom thiopurines were successfully reintroduced following suspected TIP. The patients were all cared for in 2 Australasian pediatric IBD services. Four cases are presented of TIP appropriately related temporally to azathioprine commencement, with no other apparent cause of pancreatitis identified. All of these patients were trialled on 6‐mercaptopurine according to clinical need and this was well tolerated in all cases.Results and Conclusions:This report is the largest case series to date focusing on the reintroduction of a thiopurine following suspected thiopurine induced pancreatitis. All of the patients had a typical presentation of TIP. This case series should call into question the assumption that suspected TIP is an absolute contraindication for the future use of this class of drug. Cautious reintroduction of a thiopurine, in a controlled setting, should be considered in certain circumstances. The clinical relevance of this option is most marked in patients with complicated disease requiring long‐term immunosuppression, in whom other therapies are poorly tolerated or contraindicated.
Protozoa as a Cause of Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children
Authors: Gijsbers Carolien F.M. , Schweizer Joachim J. , Büller Hans A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate whether protozoa can be identified as a cause of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), and whether protozoan infections can be recognized by a specific clinical presentation.Methods:For 2 years, all patients (ages 4–16 years) fulfilling the Apley criteria of RAP referred to secondary care were prospectively evaluated for protozoa (Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis, Blastocystis hominis) and treated if positive. Re‐examination followed at least 10 days after treatment. Disappearance of pain with eradication and a pain‐free follow‐up of at least 6 months were considered to be indicative of a causal relation with RAP. The predictive value of the characteristics of the pain for protozoan infections was calculated.Results:Of 220 included patients (92 boys, mean age 8.8 years), 215 brought a stool sample; 73 (34%) carried parasites, 10 of whom had 2 parasites, 2 had 3 parasites. Sixty‐five patients were treated. Twenty‐five (11%) were pain‐free after eradication (21 had D fragilis, 8 B hominis, 4 G lamblia), of whom 11 had another infection (2) or constipation (9) as second diagnosis for the pain. Five had recurrence of infection with D fragilis and were again pain‐free with eradication. Patients with protozoa as cause of their pain did not show differences with respect to their presentation when compared with patients with an asymptomatic infection and patients without protozoa.Conclusions:Protozoa were found as the cause of pain in 6% to 11% of children with RAP. These patients did not show a characteristic presentation when compared with patients with other causes of abdominal pain.
Differences in Circulating Carnitine Status of Preterm Infants Fed Fortified Human Milk or Preterm Infant Formula
Authors: Bene Judit , Komlósi Katalin , Melegh Bela I. , Decsi Tamás , Koletzko Berthold , Sauerwald Ulrike 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to compare plasma carnitine profiles in fortified human milk (HM)–fed preterm infants or formula‐fed preterm infants.Methods:Plasma acylcarnitine concentrations were determined in 20 formula‐fed and 18 HM‐fed preterm infants (birth weights between 1000 and 2200 g) by isotope dilution ESI MS/MS technique on study days 0, 14, and 28.Results:Concentrations of free carnitine (FC) and different acylcarnitines did not change during the 4 weeks of the study in infants fed HM. In contrast, in infants fed formula FC increased markedly (day 0: 29.989 [16.646] μmol/L, median [interquartile range], day 14: 43.972 [8.455], P < 0.05) along with increases of short‐chain esters (C2 day 0: 5.300 [3.272], day 14: 6.773 [2.127], P < 0.05; C3 day 0: 0.070 [0.059], day 14: 0.110 [0.069], P < 0.05). In contrast, some medium‐chain (C8:1, C12) and long‐chain esters (C14, C16) decreased significantly in infant formula by day 14, whereas FC and C2 and C3 esters increased further by day 28 (FC: 47.672 [14.753], C2: 7.430 [4.688], C3: 0.107 [0.047]).Conclusions:The altered carnitine ester profile likely reflects active involvement of the carnitine molecule in the buffering, metabolism, and elimination of nonphysiological acyl moieties.
The Arabidopsis SWR1 Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Is Important for DNA Repair, Somatic Recombination, and Meiosis
Authors: Rosa Marisa , Von Harder Mona , Aiese Cigliano Riccardo , Schlögelhofer Peter , Mittelsten Scheid Ortrun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
All processes requiring interaction with DNA are attuned to occur within the context of the complex chromatin structure. As it does for programmed transcription and replication, this also holds true for unscheduled events, such as repair of DNA damage. Lesions such as double-strand breaks occur randomly; their repair requires that enzyme complexes access DNA at potentially any genomic site. This is achieved by chromatin remodeling factors that can locally slide, evict, or change nucleosomes. Here, we show that the Swi2/Snf2-related (SWR1 complex), known to deposit histone H2A.Z, is also important for DNA repair in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutations in genes for Arabidopsis SWR1 complex subunits PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING1, ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN6, and SWR1 COMPLEX6 cause hypersensitivity to various DNA damaging agents. Even without additional genotoxic stress, these mutants show symptoms of DNA damage accumulation. The reduced DNA repair capacity is connected with impaired somatic homologous recombination, in contrast with the hyper-recombinogenic phenotype of yeast SWR1 mutants. This suggests functional diversification between lower and higher eukaryotes. Finally, reduced fertility and irregular gametogenesis in the Arabidopsis SWR1 mutants indicate an additional role for the chromatin-remodeling complex during meiosis. These results provide evidence for the importance of Arabidopsis SWR1 in somatic DNA repair and during meiosis.
Does the likelihood of an Allee effect on plant fecundity depend on the type of pollinator?
Authors: Duffy Karl J. , Patrick Kirsten L. , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Factors underlying the Allee effect are still heavily debated in ecology. For plants that rely on pollinators for seed production, decreases in conspecific aggregation may reduce attractiveness to floral visitors and lead to an Allee effect. However, floral visitors often differ in their pollination effectiveness; hence, the likelihood of an Allee effect in plant fecundity may depend on how various flower visitors respond to plant aggregation.

We tested for Allee effects on fecundity of individuals across two years in the self‐incompatible perennial, Kniphofia linearifolia Baker (Xanthorrhoeaceae), which has two distinct types of pollinator, birds and native bees.

For this, we used three measures of aggregation; population size, density and isolation. We made replicated pollinator observations in populations of various aggregations and quantified fecundity in these populations. To determine the differences in pollinator effectiveness and assess their contribution to fecundity, we selectively excluded bird visitors from K. linearifolia in these populations.

We found that population size, but not density or isolation distance, was associated with increased bird abundance and seed set in one of the two years of the study. Bird visitation rate increased with increased plant aggregation within populations. Fruit set and seed set per flower were positively related to bird visitation rate. The difference in seed set per flower between bird‐excluded and unmanipulated plants increased with increasing population size. Although birds were much less frequent visitors than bees (on average 2.1 visits plant−1 h−1 compared to 57.5 visits plant‐1 h−1), selective exclusion experiments indicated that birds are consistently the more effective pollinators of this species, and therefore most likely to influence fecundity.

Synthesis. In this system, characterised by an Allee effect on plant fecundity, birds were the most effective pollinators, responded positively to plant aggregation and were associated with increased fecundity. Therefore, the responses of effective pollinators to plant aggregation may be a factor that underlies Allee effects on plant fecundity.
Occupational therapy and obesity: An integrative literature review
Authors: Haracz Kirsti , Ryan Susan , Hazelton Michael , James Carole 
Published: June 2013

Background/aimObesity is a significant public health concern globally. It is associated with poor physical health, mental health and subjective well‐being and limitations on occupational participation. With its focus on the relationship between occupation, health and well‐being, occupational therapy would appear to be well placed to address both the causes and consequences of obesity. The aim of this review was to explore the scope of the role of occupational therapy practice in this field and the supporting evidence base.MethodsSearches were conducted in four online databases and nine occupational therapy journals. Articles were included if they were theoretical, quantitative or qualitative research, explicitly related to occupational therapy and obesity, published in peer‐reviewed journals, in English between 2002 and 2012. All research articles were critically reviewed and thematic analysis was conducted across all of the articles in the review.ResultsEight theoretical articles, 12 quantitative and two qualitative research studies were included. Only three were outcome studies. Thematic analysis identified four categories of focus of occupational therapy intervention: health promotion and prevention, increasing physical activity participation, modifying dietary intake and reducing the impact of obesity. Four categories of intervention strategies were also identified; assessment, modifying the environment, education and introducing and adapting occupations.Conclusion and significanceThe findings of this review suggest a comprehensive role for occupational therapy in addressing obesity. However, the paucity of outcome studies mean that significantly more research is required to further define and provide a strong evidence base for occupational therapy practice in this emerging field.
Acute intermittent hypoxia induced neural plasticity in respiratory motor control
Authors: Xing Tao , Fong Angelina Y , Bautista Tara G , Pilowsky Paul M 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Respiratory neural networks can adapt to rapid environmental change or be altered over the long term by various inputs. The mechanisms that underlie the plasticity necessary for adaptive changes in breathing remain unclear. Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH)‐induced respiratory long‐term facilitation (LTF) is one of the most extensively studied types of respiratory plasticity.

Acute intermittent hypoxia‐induced LTF is present in several respiratory motor outputs, innervating both pump muscles (i.e. diaphragm) and valve muscles (i.e. tongue, pharynx and larynx). Long‐term facilitation is present in various species, including humans, and the expression of LTF is influenced by gender, age and genetics.

Serotonin plays a key role in initiating and modulating plasticity at the level of respiratory motor neurons. Recently, multiple intracellular pathways have been elucidated that are capable of giving rise to respiratory LTF. These mainly activate the metabolic receptors coupled to Gq (‘Q’ pathway) and Gs (‘S’ pathway) proteins.

Herein, we discuss AIH‐induced respiratory LTF in animals and humans, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the synaptic and intracellular pathways underlying this form of plasticity. We also discuss the potential to use intermittent hypoxia to induce functional recovery following cervical spinal injury.