bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human neutrophil antibodies in a blood donor population: a lookback study
Authors: Gottschall J. , Triulzi D. , Kakaiya R. , Carrick D. , Roback J. D. , Carey P. , Kleinman S. ,   For the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II
Published: September 2012

Background and Objectives  Human neutrophil antibodies (HNA) have been associated with severe transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI). We identified HNA antibodies in a blood donor population and performed an observational lookback on patients who received products from these donors to determine whether TRALI was associated with these transfusions.Materials and Methods  Human neutrophil antibodies were determined in 1171 blood donors (388 non‐transfused males, 390 human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibody–negative females and 393 HLA antibody–positive females) for IgG and IgM antibodies using a flow cytometric assay. Selected positive samples had a monoclonal antibody immobilization of granulocyte antigen (MAIGA) and neutrophil genotyping performed to confirm specificity. Lookback was performed on patients receiving blood from donors with positive samples by extracting recipient data from hospital medical records. An expert panel of three pulmonary critical care physicians reviewed the summarized data and assigned a diagnosis of TRALI, possible TRALI, cannot distinguish between TRALI and TACO, TACO and other.Results  Eight donors had HNA antibodies of which five contributed to this lookback (3‐HNA‐specific antibodies, 2‐HNA non‐specific antibodies). Seventy‐six blood products were transfused from these donors into individual patients. One patient developed TRALI that was associated with a donor with a non‐specific HNA antibody as well as class‐I and class‐II HLA antibodies.Conclusion  The incidence of TRALI in this lookback was low and combined with low frequency of HNA antibodies in the donor population suggests not screening donors for HNA antibodies at this time is acceptable.
Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis: What we know and what we have yet to learn
Authors: Fischer Gayle 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is defined as vulvovaginitis, causally associated with Candida species in the vagina. It is seen commonly in vulval clinics as a cause of persistent vulvovaginitis and yet this chronic condition is yet to be formally defined and explained. The classic symptom complex of chronic itch, pain and dyspareunia exacerbating premenstrually and remitting during menstruation associated with an erythematous vulval eruption is well described but the exact aetiology remains elusive. Research in recent years has suggested that VVC is not an opportunistic infection or an immunodeficiency but a hypersensitivity response to a commensal organism that may be genetically determined. Further, it is apparent on clinical grounds that oestrogen plays an essential permissive role and that, in healthy non‐diabetic patients, VVC does not occur in the absence of oestrogen whether endogenous or exogenous. The nature of this relationship has not been established. In this article I discuss the diagnostic features of VVC, its management and what is currently understood of its aetiology.
Rural physical health care services for people with serious mental illness: A nursing perspective
Authors: Happell Brenda , Scott David , Platania‐Phung Chris , Nankivell Janette 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:  To understand nurse perspectives on the physical health needs of their mental health clients and how well rural services are meeting their overall care needs.Design:  Focus groups with semistructured format.Setting:  Community mental health care in a regional and rural district of Queensland.Participants:  Thirty‐eight nurses in public mental health care.Results:  The major themes were (i) stigma of mental illness, (ii) barriers to accessing physical health care services, (iii) nurse adaptations under demands, and (iv) community and integration towards better overall health. Nurses integrate overall care and foster its continuity for people with physical and mental co‐morbidity and can be supported much better in sustaining this.Conclusion:  Access and continuity of physical health care experienced by all Australians is exacerbated for people in rural areas. Physical health of people with serious mental illness residing in remote Australia needs to be a national health priority.
Prospective observational study of dementia and delirium in the acute hospital setting
Authors: Travers C. , Byrne G. , Pachana N. , Klein K. , Gray L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundDementia and delirium appear to be common among older patients admitted to acute hospitals, although there are few Australian data regarding these important conditions.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of dementia and delirium among older patients admitted to acute hospitals in Queensland and to profile these patients.MethodProspective observational cohort study (n = 493) of patients aged 70 years and older admitted to general medical, general surgical and orthopaedic wards of four acute hospitals in Queensland between 2008 and 2010. Trained research nurses completed comprehensive geriatric assessments and obtained detailed information about each patient's physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning using the interRAI Acute Care and other standardised instruments. Nurses also visited patients daily to identify incident delirium. Two physicians independently reviewed patients' medical records and assessments to establish the diagnosis of dementia and/or delirium.ResultsOverall, 29.4% of patients (n = 145) were considered to have cognitive impairment, including 102 (20.7% of the total) who were considered to have dementia. This rate increased to 47.4% in the oldest patients (aged ≥90 years). The overall prevalence of delirium at admission was 9.7% (23.5% in patients with dementia), and the rate of incident delirium was 7.6% (14.7% in patients with dementia).ConclusionThe prevalence of dementia and delirium among older patients admitted to acute hospitals is high and is likely to increase with population aging. It is suggested that hospital design, staffing and processes should be attuned better to meet these patients' needs.
Serological survey of viral hepatitis markers among newly diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS in China
Authors: Shen YZ , Wang ZY , Qi TK , Jiang XY , Song W , Tang Y , Wang JR , Liu L , Zhang RF , Zheng YF , Dai ZS , Lu HZ 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and epidemiological features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in China.MethodsTwo thousand and forty patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS from 10 provinces in China were selected during 2009 to 2010. Serum samples obtained from each individual were screened for HBV and HCV serum markers [HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV surface antibody (HBsAb), HBV envelope antigen (HBeAg), HBV envelope antibody (HBeAb), HBV core antibody (HBcAb) and HCV antibody (HCVAb)]; liver function tests were also performed. Demographics and medical histories were collected.ResultsOf the 2040 patients, 741 (36.3%) were positive for at least one HBV and HCV serum marker; 300 (14.71%) were HCVAb positive, and 248 (12.16%) were isolated HCVAb positive; 222 (10.9%) were positive for HBsAg; 19 (0.93%) were positive for both HBsAg and HCVAb. The highest prevalence of HBsAg positivity was found in Guangxi (15.31%), followed by Guangdong (15.19%) and Shanghai (14.36%). The highest prevalence of HCVAb positivity was found in Xinjiang (43.18%), followed by Henan (39.06%) and Yunnan (27.36%). The proportion of patients with abnormal liver function in patients positive for HCVAb and/or HBsAg was significantly higher than that in those who were negative for both HCVAb and HBsAg (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in China is high. HBsAg and HCVAb positivity prevalences were found to vary significantly in different provinces in China. Patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and coinfected with HBV and HCV are at higher risk of abnormal liver function. It is necessary to routinely screen for HBV and HCV infection among patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.
Relevance of multiple basin drainage and primary histologic regression in prognosis of trunk melanoma patients with negative sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Ribero S , Quaglino P , Osella‐Abate S , Sanlorenzo M , Senetta R , Macrì L , Savoia P , Macripò G , Sapino A , Bernengo M.G 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Lymphatic drainage to multiple basins (MLBD) is frequently observed in patients with primary melanoma located in the trunk. Conflicting data regarding the prognostic impact of MLBD are reported.Objective and methods  We reviewed our case series of 352 patients with trunk melanoma to evaluate the pattern of basin drainage and to analyse whether different basin drainages may have different significance in negative sentinel lymph node (SLN) patients. The presence of single/multiple basin drainage, the status of SLN, the presence of melanoma regression, Breslow thickness, ulceration and type of melanoma were recorded for each patients and correlated to Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS).Results  MLBD occurred in 77 patients (21.9%) and single basin lymphatic drainage (SLBD) occurred in 275 patients (79.1%). The presence of metastases in SLN was not significantly different in patients with MLBD compared to those with SLBD (26% vs. 19.6%). No differences in OS and DFS were found in SLBD/MLBD independently from SLN status. However DFS was higher in patients with MLBD and negative SLN (P = 0.0001), in addition, in patients with negative SLN and SLBD disease recurrence was 19% while was only 7% in patients with negative SLN obtained from MLBD (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that Breslow thickness <2 mm, MLBD pattern and regression of melanoma were favourable variables for DFS of patients with negative SLN.Conclusions  An accurate study of the drainage basin and of all the SLNs obtained from MLBD is recommended because of the impact in prognosis of melanoma of the trunk.
Carbon partitioning in soybean (Glycine max) leaves by combined 11C and 13C labeling
Authors: Dirks Rebecca C. , Singh Manmilan , Potter Gregory S. , Sobotka Lee G. , Schaefer Jacob 
Published: September 2012

Summary

We labeled soybean (Glycine max) leaves with 200 and 600 ppm 13CO2 spiked with 11CO2 and examined the effects of light intensity and water stress on metabolism by using a combination of direct positron imaging and solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the same leaf.

We first made 60‐min movies of the transport of photosynthetically assimilated 11C labels. The positron imaging identified zones or patches within which variations in metabolism could be probed later by NMR. At the end of each movie, the labeled leaf was frozen in liquid nitrogen to stop metabolism, the leaf was lyophilized, and solid‐state NMR was used either on the whole leaf or on various leaf fragments.

The NMR analysis determined total 13C incorporation into sugars, starch, proteins, and protein precursors.

The combination of 11C and 13C analytical techniques has led to three major conclusions regarding photosynthetically heterogeneous soybean leaves: transient starch deposition is not the temporary storage of sucrose excluded from a saturated sugar‐transport system; peptide synthesis is reduced under high‐light, high CO2 conditions; and all glycine from the photorespiratory pathway is routed to proteins within photosynthetically active zones when the leaf is water stressed and under high‐light and low CO2 conditions.
Women’s experiences of important others in a pregnancy dominated by intimate partner violence
Authors: Engnes Kristin , Lidén Eva , Lundgren Ingela 
Published: September 2012

Background:  Being exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a difficult and complex situation. Despite this, there are few studies describing women’s own needs for help and support.Aim:  The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of women’s experiences of important others in relation to changing their life situation in a pregnancy dominated by IPV.Methods:  The study has a qualitative phenomenological design. The data were collected through in‐depth interviews with seven Norwegian women, who were exposed to IPV during pregnancy.Findings:  Being pregnant and exposed to violence in relation to important others means confronting present life, life history and future life. The essence implies striving for control in an uncontrolled situation, where other people might be experienced as both a rescuer and a risk. This is further described in four constitutions: the child needs protection; my mother is always present for me; an exhausted run for help; and a reduced, but important social network.Conclusions and implications for practice:  For women exposed to violence, pregnancy can offer an opportunity for change. Midwives play a unique role in relation to care and continuity in this phase of life, as they can support pregnant women, help to identify their needs, possibilities for action and advise them about appropriate services. Midwives can encourage and support women to find people whom they can trust and who can offer assistance. It is vital that midwives ask about the women’s relationship to the baby and their social networks, especially the relationship with their mothers.Ethical considerations:  During the whole study process, guidelines for research on violence against women were followed, to respect the integrity, security and confidentiality of the participants. The study is ethically approved.
‘It Looks Like You Just Want Them When Things Get Rough’: Civil Society Perspectives on Negative Trial Results and Stakeholder Engagement inHIVPrevention Trials
Authors: Koen Jennifer , Essack Zaynab , Slack Catherine , Lindegger Graham , Newman Peter A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCivil society organizations (CSOs) have significantly impacted on the politics of health research and the field of bioethics. In the globalHIVepidemic,CSOs have served a pivotal stakeholder role. The dire need for development of new prevention technologies has raised critical challenges for the ethical engagement of community stakeholders inHIVresearch. This study explored the perspectives ofCSOrepresentatives involved inHIVprevention trials (HPTs) on the impact of premature trial closures on stakeholder engagement. Fourteen respondents fromSouthAfrican and internationalCSOs representing activist and advocacy groups, community mobilisation initiatives, and human and legal rights groups were purposively sampled based on involvement inHPTs. Interviews were conducted fromFebruary‐May 2010. Descriptive analysis was undertaken across interviews and key themes were developed inductively.CSOrepresentatives largely described positive outcomes of recent microbicide andHIVvaccine trial terminations, particularly inSouthAfrica, which they attributed to improvements in stakeholder engagement. Ongoing challenges to community engagement included the need for principled justifications for selective stakeholder engagement at strategic time‐points, as well as the need for legitimate alternatives toCABs as mechanisms for engagement. Key issues forCSOs in relation to research were also raised.
Validation of the BCIS‐1 Myocardial Jeopardy score using cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion imaging
Authors: Morton Geraint D. J. , De Silva Kalpa , Ishida Masaki , Chiribiri Amedeo , Indermuehle Andreas , Schuster Andreas , Redwood Simon , Nagel Eike , Perera Divaka 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe recently described angiographic BCIS‐1 Myocardial Jeopardy Score (BCIS‐JS) provides a semi‐quantitative estimate of the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). It is simple to use and applicable to all patients including those with bypass grafts. Our objective was to validate the BCIS‐JS by evaluating its correlation with myocardial ischaemic burden and its accuracy at predicting a prognostic ischaemic threshold. Seventy‐five patients with angina and known or suspected CAD referred for coronary angiography prospectively underwent high‐resolution CMR perfusion imaging. There was good correlation between the BCIS‐JS and myocardial ischaemic burden: r = 0·75, P<0·0001. Area under the ROC curve for BCIS‐JS to detect ≥12% myocardial ischaemic burden was 0·87 (95% CI 0·78–0·96). BCIS‐JS ≥6 predicted ≥12% myocardial ischaemic burden with a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 91%. The BCIS‐JS correlates well with myocardial ischaemic burden. A BCIS‐JS ≥6 predicts the prognostically important ischaemic threshold of 12% with high specificity. These findings demonstrate that the BCIS‐JS has functional relevance and support its utility for classification of CAD burden in clinical trials and in clinical practice.
Transfusion of banked red blood cells and the effects on hemorrheology and microvascular hemodynamics in anemic hematology outpatients
Authors: Yürük Koray , Milstein Dan M.J. , Bezemer Rick , Bartels Sebastiaan A. , Biemond Bart J. , Ince Can 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on the hemorrheologic properties and microcirculatory hemodynamics in anemic hematology outpatients receiving 2 to 4 RBC units of either “fresh” (leukoreduced storage for less than 1 week) or “aged” (leukoreduced storage for 3‐4 weeks) RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Measurements were performed before and 30 minutes after RBC transfusion in hematology outpatients. Leukoreduced RBC suspensions were stored in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (SAGM) additive solution. Whole blood viscosity was measured using Couette low‐shear viscometry, RBC deformability and aggregability were measured using laser‐assisted optical rotational cell analysis, and microcirculatory density and perfusion were assessed using sidestream dark field imaging.RESULTS: One group of patients (n = 10) received a median (interquartile range) of 3 (2‐3) RBC bags that were stored for 7 (5‐7) days (fresh) and the other group of patients (n = 10) received 3 (3‐3) RBC bags that were stored for 23 (22‐28) days (aged). After transfusion of fresh versus aged RBCs, hematocrit increased to 32 ± 3% versus 31 ± 2% (p < 0.363), whole blood viscosity increased to 4.2 ± 0.4 Pa/sec versus 4.2 ± 0.6 Pa/sec (p < 0.912), RBC deformability index remained unaffected, RBC aggregability index increased to 55 ± 10 versus 55 ± 13 (p = 0.967), microcirculatory flow remained unaffected, and microcirculatory density increased to 19.3 ± 2.5 mm/mm2 versus 18.7 ± 1.9 mm/mm2 (p = 0.595), respectively.CONCLUSION: Storing leukoreduced SAGM‐suspended RBCs for 3 to 4 weeks did not affect their ability to improve hemorrheologic properties and microcirculatory hemodynamics in our small group of anemic hematology outpatients. Larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Evidence for the transmission of parvovirus B19 in patients with bleeding disorders treated with plasma‐derived factor concentrates in the era of nucleic acid test screening
Authors: Soucie J. Michael , De Staercke Christine , Monahan Paul E. , Recht Michael , Chitlur Meera B. , Gruppo Ralph , Hooper W. Craig , Kessler Craig , Kulkarni Roshni , Manco‐Johnson Marilyn J. , Powell Jerry , Pyle Meredith , Riske Brenda , Sabio Hernan , Trimble Sean ,   the US Hemophilia Treatment Center Network
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a small, nonenveloped virus that typically causes a benign flu‐like illness that occurs most frequently in childhood. The virus is resistant to current viral inactivation steps used in the manufacture of antihemophilic factor concentrates and B19V transmission through these products has been documented. Since 2000, B19V nucleic acid test (NAT) screening of plasma pools has been implemented to further decrease the viral burden in these products, but no study has examined populations using these products to assess the impact of the screening on B19V transmission.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood specimens obtained from participants of a surveillance system established in federally supported specialized bleeding disorders clinics were used in a B19V seroprevalence study.RESULTS: A total of 1643 specimens from 1043 participants age 2 to 7 years born after B19V NAT screening was implemented were tested. Age‐specific prevalence rates were generally higher for subjects exposed to either plasma‐derived products alone or in combination with other products compared to subjects with no exposure to antihemophilic products. Overall, compared to participants unexposed to blood or blood products, those exposed to plasma‐derived products alone were 1.7 times more likely to have antibodies to B19V (p = 0.002).CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with continued B19V transmission through plasma‐derived factor concentrates. Effective viral inactivation and detection processes are needed to protect users of these products from infection with B19V or other new or emerging viruses.
A Positive Event Dependence Model for Self‐Controlled Case Series with Applications in Postmarketing Surveillance
Authors: Simpson Shawn E. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryA primary objective in the application of postmarketing drug safety surveillance is to ascertain the relationship between time‐varying drug exposures and recurrent adverse events (AEs) related to health outcomes. The self‐controlled case series (SCCS) method is one approach to analysis in this context. It is based on a conditional Poisson regression model, which assumes that events at different time points are conditionally independent given the covariate process. This requirement is problematic when the occurrence of an event can alter the future event risk. In a clinical setting, for example, patients who have a first myocardial infarction (MI) may be at higher subsequent risk for a second. In this work, we propose the positive dependence self‐controlled case series (PD‐SCCS) method: a generalization of SCCS that allows the occurrence of an event to increase the future event risk, yet maintains the advantages of the original model by controlling for fixed baseline covariates and relying solely on data from cases. As in the SCCS model, individual‐level baseline parameters drop out of the PD‐SCCS likelihood. Data sources used for postmarketing surveillance can contain tens of millions of people, so in this situation it is particularly advantageous that PD‐SCCS avoids doing a costly estimation of individual parameters. We develop expressions for large sample inference and optimization for PD‐SCCS and compare the results of our generalized model with the more restrictive SCCS approach.