bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood partnerships: a participatory approach to develop and implement the Flood Risk Management Plans
Authors: Cassel M.A. , Hinsberger M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFlood risk management comprises a wide variety of aspects, ranging from the reduction of the probability of occurrence of a flood to the reduction of the potential damage. These aspects rest in the common responsibility of the official agencies at the state and community level, as well as the affected population. To facilitate an effective exchange between these actors, national and transnational flood partnerships (FPs) were initiated within the European INTERREG IV A – Project ‘Flood and Drought Management in the transnational Mosel and Saar Watershed’ (FLOW MS), spanning different regions in Germany, France and Luxembourg. The FPs are voluntary partnerships among communities, local authorities, emergency services, water management departments, professional associations, non‐governmental organisations and public action groups in a common watershed. The tools system dynamics and group model building are used in a set of workshops to establish an increased participation of relevant actor groups and the public to achieve a bottom‐up approach contributing to the Flood Risk Management Plans of the EU Floods Directive.
Late‐stage orogenic loading revealed by contact metamorphism in the northern Appalachians, New York
Authors: Dorfler K. M. , Tracy R. J. , Caddick M. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPelitic schists from contact aureoles surrounding mafic–ultramafic plutons in Westchester County, NY record a high‐P (~0.8 GPa) high‐T (~790 °C) contact overprint on a Taconic regional metamorphic assemblage (~0.5 GPa). The contact metamorphic assemblage of a pelitic sample in the innermost aureole of the Croton Falls pluton, a small (<10 km2) gabbroic body, consists of quartz–plagioclase–biotite–garnet–sillimanite–ilmenite–graphite–Zn‐rich Al‐spinel. Both K‐feldspar and muscovite are absent, and abundant biotite, plagioclase, sillimanite, quartz and ilmenite inclusions are found within subhedral garnet crystals. Unusually low bulk‐rock Na and K contents imply depletion of alkalic components and silica through anatexis and melt extraction during contact heating relative to typical metapelites outside the aureole. Thermobarometry on nearby samples lacking a contact overprint yields 620–640 °C and 0.5–0.6 GPa. In the aureole sample, WDS X‐ray chemical maps show distinct Ca‐enriched rims on both garnet and matrix plagioclase. Furthermore, biotite inclusions within garnet have significantly higher Mg concentration than matrix biotite. Thermobarometry using GASP and garnet–biotite Mg–Fe exchange equilibria on inclusions and adjacent garnet host interior to the high‐Ca rim zone yield ~0.5 ± 0.1 GPa and ~620 ± 50 °C. Pairs in the modified garnet rim zone yield ~0.9 ± 0.1 GPa and ~790 ± 50 °C. Thermocalc average P–T calculations yield similar results for core (~0.5 ± ~0.1 GPa, ~640 ± ~80 °C) and rim (~0.9 ± ~0.1 GPa, ~800 ± ~90 °C) equilibria. The core assemblages are interpreted to record the P–T conditions of peak metamorphism during the Taconic regional event whereas the rim compositions and matrix assemblages are interpreted to record the P–T conditions during the contact event. The high pressures deduced for this later event are interpreted to reflect loading due to the emplacement of Taconic allochthons in the northern Appalachians during the waning stages of regional metamorphism (after c. 465 Ma) and before contact metamorphism (c. 435 Ma). In the absence of contact metamorphism‐induced recrystallization, it is likely that this regional‐scale loading would remain cryptic or unrecorded.
Individual Differences in Social Dominance Orientation Predict Support for the Use of Cognitive Ability Tests
Authors: Kim Anita , Berry Christopher M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the personality processes involved in the debate surrounding the use of cognitive ability tests in college admissions. In Study 1, 108 undergraduates (Mage = 18.88 years, 60 women, 80 Whites) completed measures of social dominance orientation (SDO), testing self‐efficacy, and attitudes regarding the use of cognitive ability tests in college admissions; SAT/ACT scores were collected from the registrar. Sixty‐seven undergraduates (Mage = 19.06 years, 39 women, 49 Whites) completed the same measures in Study 2, along with measures of endorsement of commonly presented arguments about test use. In Study 3, 321 American adults (Mage = 35.58 years, 180 women, 251 Whites) completed the same measures used in Study 2; half were provided with facts about race and validity issues surrounding cognitive ability tests. Individual differences in SDO significantly predicted support for the use of cognitive ability tests in all samples, after controlling for SAT/ACT scores and test self‐efficacy and also among participants who read facts about cognitive ability tests. Moreover, arguments for and against test use mediated this effect. The present study sheds new light on an old debate by demonstrating that individual differences in beliefs about hierarchy play a key role in attitudes toward cognitive ability test use.
The Comfort Dimension; a Review of Perception in Clothing
Authors: Kamalha Edwin , Zeng Yongchun , Mwasiagi Josphat I. , Kyatuheire Salome 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor a clothing system, comfort is a fundamental necessity. In this paper, basic definitions and elements of clothing comfort and the general research trends were reviewed. In particular, understanding comfort of textile materials, its relevance to clothing choice and some assessment methods have been discussed. The impact of fabric and clothing attributes on clothing comfort was explored. Psychological, physical and physiological perceptions of clothing comfort were reviewed, including subjective and objective modes of assessment. A thorough discussion of handle comfort was presented, including assessment methods. Statistical presentations from selected comfort studies were also reviewed. Other sensory comfort properties particularly acoustic and appearance were also mentioned. From the aforementioned reviews, it was noted that the main focus for most researchers has been on sensorial and thermal comfort.Practical ApplicationsTo comfort researchers, this review gives resourceful insights relevant to subject selection and the general research trend on clothing comfort. For clothing manufacturers, the compiled consumer feedbacks by wearers of particular clothing are tools for product improvement to enhance utility. Finally, this review informs consumers about clothing comfort, which will contribute to informed decision making during purchasing.
Gelation of Cross‐Linked Casein under Small and Large Shear Strain
Authors: Rohm Harald , Ullrich Franziska , Schmidt Carolin , Löbner Jürgen , Jaros Doris 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe extent of cross‐linking by microbial transglutaminase of acid casein in phosphate buffer was varied, and its consequences on the rheology of chemically acidified gels were studied. Gel formation upon acidification was measured by dynamic rheometry and in rotational experiments at a shear rate of 0.002/s. Torque development during gelation under shear, and stiffness and fracture strain of the final gels was significantly affected by the amount of cross‐linked caseins. Moderately cross‐linked casein exhibited peculiar gelation behavior under shear as monitored with a perspex cylinder device and a video system. Macroscopically visible “threads” with a regular pattern were formed, which appeared to depend on amount and size of cross‐linked casein aggregates. From experiments with varying gelation temperature and acidulant concentration, it was observed that larger aggregates result in weaker gels when acidification rate is increased; in native systems, gelation rate did not show any effect.Practical ApplicationsTexture and rheology are important quality parameters of acid milk gels that can be modified, among others, by cross‐linking milk proteins using microbial transglutaminase. The present results demonstrate that it is crucial to control both the intensity of cross‐linking and acidification conditions to obtain products with the desired texture.
TOURISM, ECONOMIC INSECURITY, AND NUTRITIONAL HEALTH IN RURAL COSTA RICA: USING SYNDEMICS THEORY TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBALIZING ECONOMY AT THE LOCAL LEVEL
Authors: Himmelgreen David A. , Romero‐Daza Nancy , Amador Edgar , Pace Cynthia 
Published: November 2013

Rapid economic transformations have both positive and negative consequences for nutrition and health. This article presents data from an area of rural Costa Rica that has experienced a rapid economic shift from dairy farming and coffee production to a mixed economy based increasingly on tourism and to a lesser extent on agriculture. During a one‐year period (2004–2005), sociodemographic, employment, dietary intake, food security, anthropometric, and ethnographic (food habits) data were collected from 148 households in two rural communities. The results show that 50 percent of the households are directly involved in the tourism industry, while many others rely on economic strategies that combine involvement in tourism with agricultural activities. Overall, high rates of food insecurity were documented (with over 70 percent of the households experiencing some level of food insecurity over the previous 12 months). The data also show high rates of caregiver and child overweight and obesity and a diet that varies according to food security status. Syndemics theory, which postulates that the dynamic interaction between co‐occurring conditions magnifies the effects of each one in isolation can be used to understand how malnutrition (overnutrition) related to economic insecurity and overweight and obesity together may be contributing to the rise in chronic diet‐related diseases, such as hypertension and type‐2 diabetes, in the study area. The interactions between these comorbidities point to the need for the development of multidimensional public health interventions that couple individual behavior change and community‐driven efforts that reduce economic insecurity and ameliorate food insecurity, resulting in more balanced diets and a reduction in overweight and obesity.
Darwall, Habermas, and the Fluidity of Respect
Authors: Koppelman Andrew 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhat moral commitments do we manifest when we make claims upon one another? The practice of claiming is inescapable, and so any normative presuppositions of that practice are similarly inescapable (at least on pain of self‐contradiction). This inquiry thus promises an Archimedian point from which to address intractable moral disagreements in modern society. Whatever we happen to differ about, we can be shown to agree about these premises, and therefore to share commitment to whatever can be derived from these premises. The most prominent developer of this approach is Jürgen Habermas, who has sought to ground, inter alia, religious and cultural rights on this basis. I will argue that the strategy cannot resolve disagreement in the way Habermas hopes, and that this has been shown, perhaps inadvertently, by Stephen Darwall, who for very different reasons seeks to work out the premises of the practice of claiming (and who never discusses Habermas). Darwall has no apparent interest in finding a universally convincing basis for resolving moral controversies. He seeks to address, not the practical problems of a pluralistic society, but some specialized, albeit important, questions of metaethics, having to do with what kind of entity a moral claim is . Both Habermas and Darwall think that discourse presupposes a kind of respect among persons. Darwall, however, shows that respect is too fluid, and takes too many possible forms, to ground any but the most trivial specific moral claims.
Capitalizing the Crisis? Explanatory Factors for the Design of Short‐time Work across Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Countries
Authors: Hörisch Felix , Weber Jakob 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article looks at the financial and economic crisis 2008–10 in 18 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development states and seeks to investigate explanatory paths for the subsidization of further education within short‐time work programmes. Several hypotheses are put to the test: first, a classical partisan difference argument; second, a varieties of capitalism approach proposing a successful joint rallying of employers and employees for subsidization in coordinated market economies; and, lastly, the merged hypothesis that right‐wing parties in a coordinated economic context might subsidize feeling the pressure to overcompensate an ‘issue ownership’ of left parties in the field of employee‐friendly policies.We identify four explanatory paths: coordinated economies in the sample subsidized when they were economically closed or highly indebted. The results also support our combined hypothesis, that New Zealand – a left‐governed liberal market economy – and right‐governed coordinated market economies of the non‐Scandinavian type subsidized.
Reply to “Comments on ‘Geomechanical and Geochemical Evidence of Piezonuclear Fission Reactions in the Earth's Crust’ by A. Carpinteri and A. Manuello” by U. Bardi and G. Comoretto
Authors: Carpinteri A. , Manuello A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn the paper entitled “Comments on ‘Geomechanical and Geochemical Evidence of Piezonuclear Fission Reactions in the Earth's Crust’ by A. Carpinteri and Manuello” by U. Bardi and G. Comoretto, the authors criticise the hypothesis based on piezonuclear reactions for the interpretation of the compositional evolution of the Earth's crust. We report a detailed reply of how the traditional theories, used by the authors of the comments, are obviously inadequate to describe this new kind of nuclear phenomena. Only very recently, independent authors proposed a theoretical model explaining the anomalous energy emissions in the form of neutrons, involved in piezonuclear reactions, during fracture of nonradioactive rocks. It is also known how the evidences that Bardi and Comoretto claim to be non‐existent could be found in many independent works that appeared in most important journals about unexplained questions of the Earth's crust and environment. The data reported in the original work and the details included in this reply show that it is incorrect to consider impossible or simply to ignore the existence of unexplained phenomena only because they cannot be described by traditional models and conventional theories.
Canine antimicrobial peptides are effective against resistant bacteria and yeasts
Authors: Santoro Domenico , Maddox Carol W. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins present in most living species and they are involved in the defence against pathogenic organisms. β‐Defensins and cathelicidin are the most frequently studied AMPs in both people and dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur objectives were to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of two canine β‐defensins and a cathelicidin against antibiotic‐sensitive and antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and yeasts using a broth microdilution method.MethodsThe micro‐organisms tested were ATCC strains of meticillin‐sensitive and meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively), meticillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Malassezia pachydermatis. Field strains of meticillin‐resistant S, pseudintermedius (MRSP, n = 1) and MSSP (n = 11) were also tested. Mann–Whitney U‐test and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe MSSP and MRSP were more susceptible to canine AMPs than MSSA and MRSA. Malassezia pachydermatis was more sensitive than C. albicans to canine AMPs. The β‐defensin cBD103 was most effective against Staphylococci and P. aeruginosa, while the cathelicidin cCath was the most effective AMP against E. coli. Additionally, cBD103 was the most effective AMP for both yeasts studied, with M. pachydermatis being more susceptible than C. albicans. All AMPs tested exhibited killing within 2 h of exposure.Conclusions and clinical importanceWe demonstrated that natural canine AMPs are effective against canine‐specific pathogens, are equally effective against meticillin‐resistant or ‐susceptible strains, and are more effective against M. pachydermatis than against C. albicans organisms.
A catalytic independent function of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP14 regulates hippocampal synaptic short‐term plasticity and vesicle number
Authors: Walters Brandon J. , Hallengren Jada J. , Theile Christopher S. , Ploegh Hidde L. , Wilson Scott M. , Dobrunz Lynn E. 
Published: November 2013

Key points
Mice carrying the ataxia (axJ) mutation have a 95% reduction in the deubiquitinating enzyme USP14, which results in a reduction in hippocampal paired pulse facilitation, a form of short‐term synaptic plasticity.
Hippocampal synapses in axJ mice have a 50% reduction in synaptic vesicles but no change in the initial release probability, which is a novel mechanism for regulating paired pulse facilitation.
USP14 modulates hippocampal short‐term plasticity and structure independent of its deubiquitinating activity, as overexpression of a catalytically inactive form of USP14 restores hippocampal paired pulse facilitation and vesicle number to the ataxia mice.
Pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome also rescues the deficits in hippocampal short‐term plasticity in ataxia mice, implying that the loss of USP14 causes increased protein degradation.
These results suggest that USP14 plays a modulatory role in regulating protein turnover by the proteasome that is independent of its canonical role in the disassembly of polyubiquitin conjugates.
AbstractThe ubiquitin proteasome system is required for the rapid and precise control of protein abundance that is essential for synaptic function. USP14 is a proteasome‐bound deubiquitinating enzyme that recycles ubiquitin and regulates synaptic short‐term synaptic plasticity. We previously reported that loss of USP14 in axJ mice causes a deficit in paired pulse facilitation (PPF) at hippocampal synapses. Here we report that USP14 regulates synaptic function through a novel, deubiquitination‐independent mechanism. Although PPF is usually inversely related to release probability, USP14 deficiency impairs PPF without altering basal release probability. Instead, the loss of USP14 causes a large reduction in the number of synaptic vesicles. Over‐expression of a catalytically inactive form of USP14 rescues the PPF deficit and restores synaptic vesicle number, indicating that USP14 regulates presynaptic structure and function independently of its role in deubiquitination. Finally, the PPF deficit caused by loss of USP14 can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of proteasome activity, suggesting that inappropriate protein degradation underlies the PPF impairment. Overall, we demonstrate a novel, deubiquitination‐independent function for USP14 in influencing synaptic architecture and plasticity.
Functional properties of extrasynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors during postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Schmidt‐Salzmann Charlotte , Li Liyi , Bischofberger Josef 
Published: November 2013

Key points
Extrasynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors (AMPARs and NMDARs) were studied in newly generated young hippocampal granule cells at different stages of functional synaptic integration.
Whereas AMPAR density increased dramatically with cell maturation, the NMDAR current density was nearly constant, leading to an initially high NMDAR to AMPAR conductance density ratio.
AMPAR desensitization was slowest during the main phase of synapse formation and substantially faster before and afterwards at fully integrated mature stages.
Steady state current amplitude was also largest during synaptic integration and ∼50% smaller afterwards.
The data suggest that during periods of new synapse formation prolonged extrasynaptic AMPAR currents might support effective depolarization and NMDAR activation during spillover of glutamate.
Abstract  In the mammalian hippocampus, new granule cells are continuously generated throughout life. Although it is well known that they rapidly form several thousand new glutamatergic synapses, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. As extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are believed to support the generation of new spines, we have studied the functional properties of extrasynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors in newborn granule cells in juvenile rats during and after synaptic integration. Using the fast application of glutamate to outside‐out membrane patches, we show that all immature granule cells express functional AMPA and NMDA receptors. The density of AMPA receptors was small in cells starting to receive excitatory synaptic input (∼30 pS μm−2) but substantially increased during synaptic integration to finally reach ∼120 pS μm−2 in fully mature cells. Interestingly, AMPA receptors showed a biphasic change in desensitization time constant which was slowest during synaptic integration and substantially faster before and afterwards. This was paralleled by a change in the non‐desensitizing current component which was maximal during synaptic integration and about 50% smaller afterwards. Surprisingly, the NMDA receptor kinetics and density in young cells was already comparable to mature cells (∼10 pS μm−2), leading to an enhanced NMDA/AMPA receptor density ratio. Similar to somatic outside‐out patches, iontophoretic application of glutamate onto dendrites also revealed an enhanced dendritic NMDA/AMPA ratio in young cells. These data indicate that prolonged AMPA receptor currents in newly generated young granule cells might support the effective activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors and therefore constitute a competitive advantage over mature cells for new synapse formation.
A van der Pol Based Reduced-Order Model for Non-Synchronous Vibration (NSV) in Turbomachinery
Authors: Clark Stephen T. , Kielb Robert E. , Hall Kenneth C. 
Published: November 2013

This paper demonstrates the potential of using a multi-degree-of-freedom, traditional van der Pol oscillator to model non-synchronous vibration (NSV) in turbomachinery. It is shown that the two main characteristics of NSV are captured by the reduced-order, van der Pol model. First, a stable limit cycle oscillation (LCO) is maintained for various conditions. Second, the lock-in phenomenon typical of NSV is captured for various fluid-structure frequency ratios. This research identifies values and significance of the coupling parameters used in the van der Pol model. These coefficients are chosen to model confirmed instances of experimental NSV, and to develop a preliminary design tool that engineers can use to better design turbomachinery for NSV. Specifically, coefficient tuning from experimental instances of NSV are considered to identify the unknown coupling coefficients in the van der Pol model.
The goal of future research will be to identify values and significance of the coupling parameters used in the van der Pol model, to match these coefficients with confirmed instances of experimental NSV, and to develop a preliminary design tool that engineers can use to better design turbomachinery for NSV. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) CFD techniques and coefficient tuning from experimental instances of NSV have been considered to identify the unknown coupling coefficients in the van der Pol model. The finalization of this preliminary-design research will be completed in future research.