bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between executive functioning, coping, and psychosocial functioning after acquired brain injury
Authors: Wolters Gregório Gisela , Ponds Rudolf W. H. M. , Smeets Sanne M. J. , Jonker Frank , Pouwels Climmy G. J. G. , Verhey Frans R. , van Heugten Caroline M. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the relationships between executive functioning, coping, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in individuals with neuropsychiatric symptoms after acquired brain injury (ABI).DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsIndividuals (n = 93) in the post‐acute and chronic phase (>3 months) after ABI and their significant others (N = 58) were recruited from outpatient clinics of four mental health centres in the Netherlands. Outcome measures were the Trail Making Test, Stroop Colour Word Test, Frontal Systems Behavioural Scale, Utrecht Coping List, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analysed with multiple regression analyses.ResultsSelf‐reported executive dysfunction was associated with greater use of passive coping styles (β = .37, p < .01), and passive coping, in turn, was associated with lower quality of life (β = −.57, p < .001) and more depressive symptoms (β = .65, p < .001). Problem‐focused coping was associated with higher quality of life among individuals who reported better executive functioning (β = −.94, p < .05). Performances on executive functioning tests were not associated with coping, depressive symptoms, or quality of life.ConclusionsFor clinicians, these data indicate that individuals who report greater difficulties with executive functioning after ABI are inclined to use maladaptive passive coping styles, which should be targeted in treatment. In comparison, individuals who report greater difficulties with executive functioning should not be prompted to use problem‐focused coping styles. These individuals may benefit from other coping styles, such as the use of seeking social support or acceptance of problems.Practitioner points

Coping influences the association between executive functioning and quality of life.

Individuals who report difficulties with executive functioning after ABI may be inclined to use passive coping styles, which are maladaptive.

Problem‐focused coping strategies may be more useful for individuals who have strong executive abilities.

This study was a cross‐sectional study; thus, a cause‐and‐effect relationship could not be established between executive functioning, coping, and psychosocial functioning.

As this research was part of standard clinical care, non‐traditional tests for executive functioning were not administered.
Novel Potent and Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Amino‐Alkyl‐Substituted Fluoro‐Chalcones Derivatives
Authors: Liu Hao‐Ran , Zhou Chao , Fan Hao‐Qun , Tang Jing‐Jing , Liu Lin‐Bo , Gao Xiao‐Hui , Wang Qiu‐An , Liu Wu‐Kun 
Published: January 2015

A new series of‐fluoro chalcones‐substituted amino‐alkyl derivatives (3a˜3l) were designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for the inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The results showed that the alteration of fluorine atom position and amino‐alkyl groups markedly influenced the activity and the selectivity of chalcone derivates in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Among them, compound 3l possesses the most potent inhibitory against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 0.21 ± 0.03 μmol/L), and the highest selectivity for acetylcholinesterase over butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 (BuChE)/IC50 (AChE) = 65.0). Molecular modeling and enzyme kinetic study on compound 3l supported its dual acetylcholinesterase inhibitory profile, simultaneously binding at the catalytic active and peripheral anionic site of the enzyme.
Narrative, Story, and Discourse: The Novium, Chichester
Authors: Hanks Laura Hourston 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article seeks to engage with the notion of “discourse,” and to test and apply ideas from literary and film theory in the analysis of architectural—and particularly museum—space. It examines the complex set of relations between “narrative,” “story” and “discourse” as they manifest in a particular contemporary museum: The Novium in Chichester, UK. This museum was opened in 2012 and designed to contain the remains of Chichester's Roman bathhouse. This article considers the varying degrees of synonymity between the concepts of “story” and “discourse,” or “medium” and “message,” as encountered during visitors’ journeys through the space of the museum.
Under the Spell of Metaphors: Investigating the Effects of Conduit and Container Metaphors on Museum Experience
Authors: Ntzani Dimitra 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn 1979, Michael Reddy investigated the effects that “conduit” metaphors have on human communication. His research illustrates that people tend to conceptualize feelings, thoughts, or ideas as substances “transmitted” from one agent to another through a “conduit,” or as loosely “contained” in ambient spaces. Following a cognitive‐linguistic approach, this article investigates the effects that “conduit” and “container” metaphors have on visitors’ experiences in museums; it presupposes that our conceptual system is metaphorical in nature and that language expresses the metaphors we use to think and act in everyday life.This article acknowledges that conduit and container metaphors shape museum communication practices and sets out to identify their effects on museum objects and museum architecture—two essential material conditions that shape visitors’ experiences. To do so, this article traces expressions of transmission metaphors in professional museum discourses—particularly those of international museum organizations—and identifies their effects on museum practice. It draws attention to the conflicts that these metaphors trigger in museum debates. Furthermore, it highlights the possibility of enhancing their positive effects, and of weakening their negative ones, by building new metaphorical frames for museum theory and practice.
Permission Granted: A Case Study of the Challenges and Opportunities of Creating Community Experiences at the Gladstone Hotel
Authors: Bronstein Noa , O'Donnell Darren , Welter‐Nolan Britt , Wong Annie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHow do we create the conditions for dialogue and exchange within a cultural institution? When we cannot define a project from the outset, can we collectively create parameters for communities to unpack their own narratives in an inclusive and dynamic way? This paper examines the alternative models of exhibition and programming that are being employed by the Gladstone Hotel in Toronto, Canada. Situated as a multi‐purpose space, the Gladstone Hotel produces and hosts a myriad of exhibitions, arts, and cultural programming: acting as part‐community center, part‐bar, and part‐art space, the hotel's multifarious approach embraces experimentation and fosters vigorous discussion. The Gladstone Hotel is a contemporary community space that reflects Jane Jacobs's assertion that “new ideas need old buildings.” By examining several curatorial initiatives at the Gladstone, this article explores the ways in which alternative approaches to the concepts of “expert,” “gallery,” and “curator” are realized within the context of a hybrid space.
Co‐Curation as Hacking: Biohackers in Copenhagen's Medical Museion
Authors: Davies Sarah R. , Tybjerg Karin , Whiteley Louise , Söderqvist Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn 2012, the University of Copenhagen's Medical Museion collaborated with members of the local DIY biology community to create a DIY biology lab and event series. This article discusses the project and the hacker movement more generally with reference to two current museum trends: first, the opening up of museums through external collaborations, for instance in co‐curation; and second, renewed interest among science and technology museums in revealing the “behind the scenes” of research, including bringing laboratories into museums. With regard to the first trend, we suggest that hacking may be a useful framework for thinking about co‐curation, and argue that co‐curation needs to be understood as a process that doesn't just involve the representation of diverse narratives, but instead incorporates a range of diverse actors into the design and production of an exhibition. With regard to the second, we argue that biohacking may be a better fit to a museum's desire to exhibit research processes than traditional scientific laboratories, given biohacking's emphasis on enabling citizens to understand and carry out scientific research. We develop these suggestions by charting the course of the collaboration.
Effects of Hemodialysis on Tei Index: Comparison between Flow Doppler and Tissue Doppler Imaging
Authors: Gerede Demet Menekse , Turhan Sibel , Kaya Cansin Tulunay , Ozcan Ozgur Ulas , Goksuluk Huseyin , Vurgun Veysel Kutay , Dincer Irem , Kutlay Sim , Erturk Sehsuvar , Erol Cetin 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveMyocardial performance index (MPI, Tei index) has been described as a noninvasive measurement of left ventricle (LV) function. Our aim was to investigate the influence of preload on the LV MPI obtained by pulsed‐wave tissue Doppler imaging (PWTDI) and determined by flow Doppler waveforms in patients with end‐stage chronic renal failure (CRF). The second aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Tei indices obtained by both methods.MethodsEighty‐four patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) treatment were included (mean age of 45.3 ± 14.5 years). Standard echocardiographic measurements, the Tei indices obtained by conventional flow Doppler and PWTDI methods, mitral inflow velocities, and mitral lateral annulus tissue Doppler velocities were measured immediately before and after hemodialysis.ResultsAfter HD, weight loss in patients was significantly revealed (predialysis 63.6 ± 13.3 kg; postdialysis 60.9 ± 13.0 kg; P < 0.001). Left ventricle and left atrium diameters were significantly decreased after HD. Transmitral E and A velocities decreased after HD. Although Tei index measuring by conventional flow Doppler method significantly increased, Tei index measuring by PWTDI did not change after HD.ConclusionsThe conventional flow Doppler‐derived LV Tei index is influenced by hemodialysis. However, PWTDI‐derived LV Tei index is not influenced by hemodialysis. The loading status of a patient should be taken into account during the application of the Tei index to the evaluation of myocardial performance.
Psychosocial functioning in first‐episode psychosis and associations with neurocognition, social cognition, psychotic and affective symptoms
Authors: Stouten Luyken H. , Veling Wim , Laan Winfried , van der Helm Mischa , van der Gaag Mark 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimMost studies on the determinants of psychosocial functioning in first‐episode psychosis used few predictors. This study examines the effects of multiple cognitive domains and multiple symptoms on psychosocial functioning.MethodsA total of 162 patients with a first‐episode psychosis were assessed within 3 months after referral to an early psychosis treatment department. Four psychopathological subdomains (positive and negative symptoms, depression and anxiety) and five subdomains of psychosocial functioning (work/study, relationships, self‐care, disturbing behaviour and general psychosocial functioning) were measured. Neurocognitive and social cognitive factors were identified through principal component analyses (PCA) of a 15‐measure cognitive battery. Stepwise backward regression models were computed to identify the determinants of psychosocial functioning.ResultsThe three neurocognitive and four social cognitive factors identified through PCA were largely independent of psychopathology. The strongest associations were between cognitive factors and anxiety. Higher levels of negative symptoms, poor general neurocognition and poor general social cognition showed strongest associations with impaired psychosocial functioning, followed by low verbal processing speed and low emotion processing speed. Together, these factors accounted for 39.4% of the variance in psychosocial functioning.ConclusionsThe results suggest that negative symptoms, impaired neurocognition and poor social cognition are related to psychosocial problems in patients with first‐episode psychosis. None of the affective or positive symptoms had a marked impact on psychosocial functioning.
A review of equine sepsis
Authors: Taylor S. 
Published: January 2015

SummarySepsis is defined as an exaggerated, systemic inflammatory response to infection and is a common condition in horses. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with bacterial infection is a hallmark of sepsis. Sepsis in neonatal foals is a common sequela of failure of passive transfer and, in addition to development ofSIRS, may be characterised by bacteraemia, pneumonia, enterocolitis, omphalophlebitis, meningoencephalitis or arthritis. Sepsis in mature horses is most commonly observed secondary to gastrointestinal lesions that result in disrupted mucosa and bacterial translocation into circulation (endotoxaemia). Pleuropneumonia and metritis may also cause sepsis in mature horses. Diagnosis of sepsis is based onSIRScriteria as well as suspected or confirmed infection. Due to the relatively low sensitivity of microbial culture and the subjectivity of sepsis scoring, many sepsis biomarkers are being studied for their usefulness in diagnosis and prognostication of sepsis in horses. Treatment of sepsis requires an intensive care approach that includes antimicrobial drug administration, fluid resuscitation and pressure support, and treatment for inflammation, endotoxaemia and coagulopathy. Early recognition of sepsis and prompt antimicrobial drug treatment are critical for a successful outcome. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome may occur in severe cases of sepsis, with common manifestations including laminitis and coagulopathies. Although prognosis for septic mature horses depends highly on the primary disease process, the overall survival rate in septic neonatal foals ranges from 26 to 86%, with most studies indicating a survival rate of 45–60%.
Surgical management of atresia ani and perineal hypospadias in a miniature donkey foal
Authors: Nelson B. B. , Ferris R. A. , McCue P. M. , Leise B. S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA 3‐week‐old miniature donkey was evaluated for tenesmus and constipation resulting from atresia ani. The foal was also diagnosed with hypospadias extending from its perineum to the glans penis and caudoventral penile deviation. A common opening on the perineum allowed faeces and urine to be excreted together, preventing complete intestinal obstruction. Surgical correction of the atresia ani was performed, along with resection of the incomplete urethra, nonfunctional penis and testes. The anal and perineal reconstruction procedures resolved the miniature donkey's difficulty in defaecation. The anourethral portion of the repair healed, but the anoperineal portion dehisced and healed by second intention. The client was satisfied with the outcome.
Chalcogenide Phase‐Change Materials: Past and Future
Authors: Elliott Stephen R. 
Published: January 2015

Phase‐change (PC), nonvolatile memory (NVM) materials, such as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), encode stored digital binary data as structural changes in the material. Reversible, ultrafast (nanosecond) transformations between metastable semiconducting/nonreflective amorphous and near‐metallic/reflective crystalline states occur as a result of Joule heating, caused by applied voltage/laser write pulses, in electronic/optical NVMs, respectively. The canonical PCM, GST, was originally discovered and developed for optical NVM; although it also works as an electronic NVM (phase‐change random‐access memory, PCRAM) material, nevertheless it is not optimal in this role. In this contribution, I will discuss the effects of “doping” (or chemical modification) of GST, with elements such as nitrogen or first‐row transition metals, to improve PC characteristics, such as crystal grain size, and optical‐reflectivity contrast for optical NVM, and to introduce additional PC functionality, for example, magnetism for electronic NVM, respectively. These studies have been carried out by ab initio molecular‐dynamics (AIMD) simulations, in which new compositions of doped PCMs have been obtained by a process of in silico materials discovery. I will also describe a strategy to decrease the rate‐limiting crystallization time of PCMs, which does not also decrease long‐term data retention in the amorphous state (i.e., deleterious spontaneous crystallization), by means of the use of “priming” prepulses. AIMD simulations indicate the structural‐ordering origin of this priming behavior. In this way, we have reduced the crystallization time of GST, from ~10 ns down to ~500 ps, well below the critical switching time of ~1 ns needed to replace volatile Si‐based CMOS DRAM by an NVM‐equivalent, so‐called “universal memory”. Finally, I will outline very recent work which demonstrates that GST PCM cells can also be used to perform “in‐memory” Boolean logic operations, thereby combining memory and processing operations in the same cell.
Changes in fibrillin‐1 expression, elastin expression and skin surface texture at sites of cultured epithelial autograft transplantation onto wounds from burn scar excision
Authors: Kadoya Kuniko , Amano Satoshi , Nishiyama Toshio , Inomata Shinji , Tsunenaga Makoto , Kumagai Norio , Matsuzaki Kyoichi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the recovery process during which grafted cultured epithelium generated skin elasticity and skin surface microarchitecture. The subjects were 18 patients whose burn scars were excised at a depth not exposing the fat layer and who subsequently received cultured epithelial autografts. A total of 24 samples were obtained from the grafted sites: 6 samples within 6 weeks (stage 1), 5 samples after 6 weeks and within 6 months (stage 2), 6 samples after 6 months and within 18 months (stage 3) and 7 samples beyond 18 months (stage 4) of transplantation. These samples were evaluated by taking replicas of skin surface, and histological changes of fibrillin‐1 and elastin. The expression patterns were classified using a grading scale. The grade of skin surface texture was significantly higher at stage 3 and marginally significantly higher at stage 4 compared with stage 1. The grade of fibrillin‐1 was marginally significantly higher at stage 3 and significantly higher at stage 4 compared with stage 1. The grade of elastin was marginally significantly higher at stage 4 compared with stage 1. These results showed that it is important for patients to have skin care and avoid external forces for at least 18 months after transplantation.
Internal pudendal perforator artery–based gull wing flap for vulvovaginal 3D reconstruction after tumour excision: a new flap
Authors: Han Hyun H , Jun Daiwon , Seo Bommie F , Moon Suk‐Ho , Oh Deuk Y , Ahn Sang T , Rhie Jong‐Won 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVarious skin tumours such as squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget's disease can occur in the vulval area, and reconstruction of the vulval area can be a very challenging task.A retrospective analysis of vulvar reconstruction using the new method ‘internal pudendal perforator artery–based gull wing flap’ was performed from April 2012 to December 2013. A perforator vessel from the internal pudendal artery was detected with a portable Doppler and marked, and this was the pivot point around which the flap was rotated. The flap was rotated by more than 150°–180° internally, and the labium and the external wall of the vagina were reconstructed with sufficient volume.Anatomical and aesthetic reconstruction of the labium and the vagina was performed without serious complications. Functional and aesthetic vulvar reconstruction can be achieved by using a flap that provides sufficient volume of the labium. Our new technique, the ‘internal pudendal perforator artery–based gull wing flap’, is good and it can be used to reconstruct a functional and aesthetically acceptable vulvovagina for large defect wound after tumour excision.
Ozonated saline shows activity against planktonic and biofilm growing Staphylococcus aureus in vitro: a potential irrigant for infected wounds
Authors: Al‐Saadi Hayder , Potapova Inga , Rochford Edward TJ , Moriarty Thomas F , Messmer Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInfections associated with deep wounds require extensive surgical and medical care. New adjunctive treatments are required to aid in the eradication of the bacterial biofilms found on infected wounds and, in particular, any underlying hardware. Ozone has been used as a safe and efficient disinfectant in water treatment plants for many years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti‐biofilm potential of ozonated saline against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, a microorganism commonly implicated in wound infections.A custom‐made bacterial biofilm bioreactor was used to grow S. aureus biofilms on discs of medical grade titanium alloy. An ozone generator was connected in‐line and biofilms and planktonic bacteria were exposed to ozone in saline. Cytotoxicity was assessed against primary ovine osteoblasts in the same system.In tests against planktonic S. aureus, a 99% reduction in bacterial numbers was detected within 15 minutes of exposure. S. aureus biofilms were significantly more resistant to ozone, although complete eradication of the biofilm was eventually achieved within 5 hours. Ozonated saline was not found to be cytotoxic to primary ovine osteoblasts.Ozonated saline may be suitable as an adjuvant therapy to treat patients as an instillation fluid for wound irrigation and sterilisation.
Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Winter Salad (Local Pickle) during Fermentation Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis
Authors: Saeedi Mansour , Shahidi Fakhri , Mortazavi Seyed Ali , Milani Elnaz , Tabatabaei Yazdi Farideh 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWinter salad is a kind of pickle made of different vegetables and is consumed specially in Khorasan Province. The spontaneous fermentation process is mainly carried out by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the LAB species involved in winter salad fermentation at different fermentation time intervals to introduce the native strains. In order to classify selected isolates that seemed LAB, according to preliminary experiments, biochemical tests were performed. Forty‐five selected isolate genotypically identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results show that the analysis with 16s rRNA gene sequencing could successfully identify eight species, including Pediococcus (51.1%), Lactobacillus (26.7%), Weissella (11.1%), Enterococcus (6.7%) and Leuconostoc (4.4%). Although Weissella cibaria and Lactobacillus plantarum were the predominant LAB in the early periods of winter salad fermentation, Pediococcus pentosaceus was the predominant LAB at the later periods.Practical ApplicationsFermented vegetables are usually used as seasoning in Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine fermented vegetables lactic acid flora using molecular methods, in Iran. Indigenous starter bacteria are normally considered as genetic resources, and strains obtained from this study could be used in the industry and some of them may be considered as probiotic strains.