bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Investigation on Axial versus Tilted Implants for Immediate Fixed Rehabilitation of Edentulous Arches: Preliminary Results of a Single Cohort Study
Authors: Agnini Alessandro , Agnini Andrea Mastrorosa , Romeo Davide , Chiesi Manuele , Pariente Leon , Stappert Christian F. J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate full‐arch fixed‐dental restorations supported by immediate loaded axial and tilted implants in a single‐cohort study. Survival rate of axial and tilted implants was compared.Materials and MethodsFrom 2006 to 2010, 30 patients were recruited and treated with dental implants. Provisional fixed‐dental prostheses were screw‐retained over axial or axial and tilted implants within 24 hours after surgery. Follow‐ups at 6, 12, and 24 months and annually up to 5 years were scheduled, and radiographic evaluation of peri‐implant bone level changes was conducted.ResultsThirty patients (20 females and 10 males) were followed up for an average of 44 months (range 18–67 months). Six patients received both upper and lower implant rehabilitations, resulting in 36 restorations. A total of two hundred two implants were placed (maxilla = 118; mandible = 84) and 46% of the fixtures were evaluated at the 4‐year recall. Four axial implants were lost in three patients, leading to 98.02% implant (97.56% axial implants and 100% tilted implants) and 100% prosthetic cumulative survival rate, respectively. No significant difference in marginal bone loss was found between tilted and axial implants in both jaws at 1‐year evaluation.ConclusionsMidterm results confirmed that immediate loading of axial and tilted implants provides a viable treatment modality for the rehabilitation of edentulous arches.
Bone tissue in different parts of the edentulous maxilla and mandible
Authors: Lindhe Jan , Bressan Eriberto , Cecchinato Denis , Corrá Enrico , Toia Marco , Liljenberg Birgitta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe composition of the fully healed edentulous ridge of the posterior maxilla was recently examined and was found to contain about 50% mineralized bone and 16% bone marrow.AimThe objective was to examine the composition of the tissue of the fully healed ridge in different portions of the maxilla and the mandible in partially dentate subjects.Material and methodsEighty‐seven healthy subjects were included. A trephine drill was used to harvest hard tissue specimens. The biopsies were decalcified, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained, and examined using a point‐counting procedure.ResultsThe marginal portion of the jaws almost consistently contained a cortical cap that was significantly wider in the mandible than in the maxilla and twice as wide in the anterior as in the posterior segments of the mandible. Lamellar bone and bone marrow were the dominating tissue elements. Lamellar bone occupied about 63% of the tissue in the mandible and 46% in the maxilla. The maxilla contained about 23% bone marrow as compared to 16% in the mandible. In the mandible, 70% (anterior) and 57% (posterior) were made up of lamellar bone. In the maxilla, the proportion of lamellar bone in the anterior and posterior segments was similar (about 45%). Bone marrow occupied close to 40% of the anterior maxilla, while in the posterior maxilla and the anterior and posterior mandible marrow comprised between 13 and 18%.ConclusionMarked differences existed with respect to tissue composition of the edentulous ridge between the maxilla and the mandible. The cortical crest was wider in the mandible than in the maxilla, and widest in the symphysis region of the mandible. The proportion of bone marrow was greater in the maxilla than in the mandible. The maxillary front tooth region was poor in lamellar bone but rich in bone marrow, while the anterior mandible contained large amounts of mineralized bone but small amounts of bone marrow.
Accessory mental foramina: prevalence, position and diameter assessed by cone‐beam computed tomography and digital panoramic radiographs
Authors: Imada Thaís Sumie Nozu , Fernandes Luciana Maria Paes da Silva Ramos , Centurion Bruna Stuchi , de Oliveira‐Santos Christiano , Honório Heitor Marques , Rubira‐Bullen Izabel Regina Fischer 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the presentation of accessory mental foramina (AMF) on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital panoramic examinations (PAN).Study designImaging examinations (i.e., CBCT and PAN) of 100 patients (200 hemi‐mandibles) were assessed. AMF prevalence, diameter, and location related to adjacent teeth and to the mental foramen (MF) were analyzed.ResultsOn CBCT images, the AMF was observed in 3% of the patients: two unilateral cases and one bilateral case, with mean diameter of 0.93 mm (±0.3); no AMF was identified on PAN. Most AMF were located between the premolars, either superiorly (two cases) or mesially (two cases) to the MF. The mean horizontal distance to the corresponding MF was 2.3 mm (±1.0) and the mean vertical distance was 4.0 mm (±0.7).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that CBCT is an effective tool for presurgical tridimensional assessment of the neurovascular structures, such as MF and its variations; On the other hand, PAN examinations were not able to show the AMF cases assessed on CBCT.
Study on drug costs associated with COPD prescription medicine in Denmark
Authors: Jakobsen Marie , Anker Niels , Dollerup Jens , Poulsen Peter Bo , Lange Peter 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroductionSpirometric studies of the general population estimate that 430 000 Danes have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is mainly caused by smoking, and smoking cessation is the most important intervention to prevent disease progression. Cost‐of‐illness studies conclude that the costs associated with COPD in Denmark are significant, but costs of prescription medicine for COPD were not analysed.ObjectivesTo analyse the societal costs associated with prescription medicine for COPD in Denmark.MethodsThe study was designed as a nationwide retrospective register study of the drug costs (ATC group R03) associated with COPD in the period 2001–2010. Data were retrieved from the Prescription Database, the National Patient Register and the Centralised Civil Register. The population comprised individuals (40+ years) who had at least one prescription of selected R03 drugs and who had been either hospitalised with a COPD diagnosis or had at least one prescription for drugs primarily used for COPD.ResultsThe study population comprised 166 462 individuals of which 97 916 were alive on 31 December 2010. The average annual drug costs (R03) were DKK 7842 (EUR 1055) per patient in 2010 with total costs of DKK 685 million (EUR 92 million). The average lifetime costs associated with COPD prescription medicine were estimated to be DKK 70 000–75 000 (EUR 9416–10 089) per patient (2010 prices).ConclusionThe costs associated with prescription medicine for COPD in Denmark are significant.
Impact of diabetes mellitus onset on sickness absence from work – a 15‐year follow‐up of the GAZEL Occupational Cohort Study
Authors: Dray‐Spira R. , Herquelot E. , Bonenfant S. , Guéguen A. , Melchior M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsPrevious studies do not provide an accurate estimate of the burden of diabetes on sickness absence. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of diabetes onset on absenteeism starting from the earliest occurrence of the disease.MethodsThe authors used data from a subsample of the French GAZEL cohort of 506 employees with incident diabetes and 2530 matched diabetes‐free participants. Medically certified sickness absence data were obtained from company records (1989–2007). Number of sickness absence days and incidence rates of overall and cause‐specific absence spells were compared according to diabetes status across three 5‐year periods ranging from 10 years before to 5 years after onset of cases' diabetes.ResultsThe mean number of sickness absence days was persistently higher in participants with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. This difference increased from 16.4 days (95% confidence interval 7.2–25.5) during the 5‐year period preceding diabetes onset to 28.5 days (95% CI 16.1–40.9) during the following 5‐year period (P = 0.04). This was due to a steeper relative increase in the incidence of long (but not short) absence spells in participants with diabetes versus those without diabetes [incidence rate ratios 1.33 (95% CI 1.08–1.64) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.43–2.14), respectively; P = 0.02]. Diabetes onset was associated with increased rates of circulatory and metabolic absence spells.ConclusionsOnset of diabetes is associated with a substantial increase in sickness absence. This suggests that in addition to its burden on work cessation, diabetes weighs heavily on working ability among people who manage to remain employed.
Metformin improves endothelial function in type 1 diabetic subjects: a pilot, placebo‐controlled randomized study
Authors: Pitocco D. , Zaccardi F. , Tarzia P. , Milo M. , Scavone G. , Rizzo P. , Pagliaccia F. , Nerla R. , Di Franco A. , Manto A. , Rocca B. , Lanza G. A. , Crea F. , Ghirlanda G. 
Published: November 2012

AimsSeveral studies have investigated the effects of metformin treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). No study has hitherto examined its effects on endothelial function in these patients. In this study we sought to evaluate the effect of metformin on endothelial function in type 1 diabetic patients.MethodsForty‐two uncomplicated T1DM patients were randomized in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, 6‐month trial to treatment with either metformin or placebo. Glycometabolic and clinical parameters as well as flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate‐mediated dilation (NMD) of the right brachial artery were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Glycaemic variability (GV, calculated from continuous glucose monitoring data) and a biomarker of oxidative stress [urinary 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)] were also assessed.ResultsBaseline data were similar in the two groups. Compared with placebo, metformin significantly reduced body weight [−2.27 kg (95% confidence interval: −3.99; −0.54); p = 0.012] whilst improved FMD [1.32% (0.30; 2.43); p = 0.013] and increased PGF2α [149 pg/mg creatinine (50; 248); p = 0.004]. Notably, the improvement of FMD did not correlate with the decrease of body weight (r2 < 1%). NMD, haemoglobin A1c, GV, daily insulin dose and other parameters did not significantly change after the treatment comparing the two groups.ConclusionsOur pilot trial showed that, in uncomplicated type 1 diabetic subjects, metformin improved FMD and increased PGF2α, a marker of oxidative stress, irrespective of its effects on glycaemic control and body weight. Randomized, blinded clinical trials are needed to evaluate the benefits and risks of metformin added to insulin in type 1 diabetes.
Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a Patient with Suspected Endocarditis
Authors: Wdowiak‐Okrojek Katarzyna , Szymczyk Ewa , Szymczyk Konrad , Kasprzak Jarosław D. 
Published: November 2012

Mini‐AbstractA 30‐year‐old patient was admitted to cardiology because of a worsening exercise tolerance, with night sweats and chest pain. Echocardiography showed pericardial fluid and additional pathological masses invading left atrium, with high probability of intracardiac position. No vegetations were visualized. The patient underwent computed tomography of the chest, which showed the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. Detailed oncological assessment was initiated, leading to definitive diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient received chemotherapy and peripheral‐blood progenitor cells transplantation. Control positron emission tomography showed a complete regression of neoplasm, and the patient is uneventful over 30‐month follow‐up.
Functional Assessment of Donor and Recipient Left Atrium in Heart Transplant Patients Using Full‐Volume Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Ahmad Saad , Bhatti Sabha , Shizukuda Yukitaka 
Published: November 2012

Background: Atrial function plays an important role in many cardiac conditions, how recipient and donor compartments of left atrium (LA) of transplanted hearts differentially contribute to overall LA function in transplanted hearts has not been described. We tested whether three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DE) could be used to calculate these compartment‐specific atrial functions. Methods and Results: We analyzed 3DE images of 22 consecutive transplant patients who had diagnostic imaging quality (ages 59 ± 16 years) using TomTec Research Arena. The contour of the recipient and total LA were traced frame by frame, and the donor LA volume was calculated as the difference of the total LA volume minus the recipient LA volume. The LA ejection fractions of total LA, donor LA, and recipient LA were also calculated as (LA atrial end‐diastolic volume − LA atrial end‐systolic volume)/LA atrial end‐diastolic volume of each compartment. Interobserver variability of LA volumes for the total, recipient, and donor compartments were 5.6 ± 2.4, 5.4 ± 2.0, and 9.3 ± 3.2 mL, respectively (n = 11). The donor LA ejection fraction was higher than that of recipient (41 ± 18% vs. 30 ± 14%, P = 0.013). When the patients were categorized as asymptomatic (New York Heart Association functional class [NYHA] functional class I) and symptomatic (NYHA functional class II–III), indexed donor LA atrial end‐diastolic volume was significantly lower in asymptomatic patients as compared with symptomatic patients. Conclusions: Compartment‐specific LA volumes can be calculated in orthotopic heart transplant patients using full‐volume 3DE. Our findings may suggest that unique contribution of each LA compartment of transplanted hearts toward the symptoms of these patients.
Affect‐specific modulation of the N1m to shock‐conditioned tones: magnetoencephalographic correlates
Authors: Bröckelmann Ann‐Kathrin , Steinberg Christian , Dobel Christian , Elling Ludger , Zwanzger Peter , Pantev Christo , Junghöfer Markus 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDespite its fundamental relevance for representing the emotional world surrounding us, human affective neuroscience research has widely neglected the auditory system, at least in comparison to the visual domain. Here, we have investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of human affective auditory processing using time‐sensitive whole‐head magnetoencephalography. A novel and highly challenging affective associative learning procedure, ‘MultiCS conditioning’, involving multiple conditioned stimuli (CS) per affective category, was adopted to test whether previous findings from intramodal conditioning of multiple click‐tones with an equal number of auditory emotional scenes (Bröckelmann et al., 2011 J. Neurosci., 31, 7801) would generalise to crossmodal conditioning of multiple click‐tones with an electric shock as single aversive somatosensory unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Event‐related magnetic fields were recorded in response to 40 click‐tones before and after four contingent pairings of 20 CS with a shock and the other half remaining unpaired. In line with previous findings from intramodal MultiCS conditioning we found an affect‐specific modulation of the auditory N1m component 100–150 ms post‐stimulus within a distributed frontal–temporal–parietal neural network. Increased activation for shock‐associated tones was lateralised to right‐hemispheric regions, whereas unpaired safety‐signalling tones were preferentially processed in the left hemisphere. Participants did not show explicit awareness of the contingent CS–UCS relationship, yet behavioural conditioning effects were indicated on an indirect measure of stimulus valence. Our findings imply converging evidence for a rapid and highly differentiating affect‐specific modulation of the auditory N1m after intramodal as well crossmodal MultiCS conditioning and a correspondence of the modulating impact of emotional attention on early affective processing in vision and audition.
Downregulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 from neuropeptide Y interneurons in the basal ganglia of patients with Huntington's disease and mouse models
Authors: Horne Eric A. , Coy Jonathan , Swinney Katie , Fung Susan , Cherry Allison E. T. , Marrs William R. , Naydenov Alipi V. , Lin Yi Hsing , Sun Xiaocui , Dirk Keene C. , Grouzmann Eric , Muchowski Paul , Bates Gillian P. , Mackie Ken , Stella Nephi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 receptor) controls several neuronal functions, including neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, gene expression and neuronal viability. Downregulation of CB1 expression in the basal ganglia of patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and animal models represents one of the earliest molecular events induced by mutant huntingtin (mHtt). This early disruption of neuronal CB1 signaling is thought to contribute to HD symptoms and neurodegeneration. Here we determined whether CB1 downregulation measured in patients with HD and mouse models was ubiquitous or restricted to specific striatal neuronal subpopulations. Using unbiased semi‐quantitative immunohistochemistry, we confirmed previous studies showing that CB1 expression is downregulated in medium spiny neurons of the indirect pathway, and found that CB1 is also downregulated in neuropeptide Y (NPY)/neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)‐expressing interneurons while remaining unchanged in parvalbumin‐ and calretinin‐expressing interneurons. CB1 downregulation in striatal NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons occurs in R6/2 mice, HdhQ150/Q150 mice and the caudate nucleus of patients with HD. In R6/2 mice, CB1 downregulation in NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons correlates with diffuse expression of mHtt in the soma. This downregulation also occludes the ability of cannabinoid agonists to activate the pro‐survival signaling molecule cAMP response element‐binding protein in NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons. Loss of CB1 signaling in NPY/nNOS‐expressing interneurons could contribute to the impairment of basal ganglia functions linked to HD.
Benefit of multiple sessions of perilesional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for an effective rehabilitation of visuospatial function
Authors: Afifi Linda , Jarrett Rushmore R. , Valero‐Cabré Antoni 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNoninvasive neurostimulation techniques have been used alone or in conjunction with rehabilitation therapy to treat the neurological sequelae of brain damage with rather variable therapeutic outcomes. One potential factor limiting a consistent success for such techniques may be the limited number of sessions carried out in patients, despite reports that their accrual may play a key role in alleviating neurological deficits long‐term. In this study, we tested the effects of seventy consecutive sessions of perilesional high‐frequency (10 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of chronic neglect deficits in a well‐established feline model of visuospatial neglect. Under identical rTMS parameters and visuospatial testing regimes, half of the subjects improved in visuospatial orienting performance. The other half experienced either none or extremely moderate ameliorations in the neglected hemispace and displayed transient patterns of maladaptive visuospatial behavior. Detailed analyses suggest that lesion location and extent did not account for the behavioral differences observed between these two groups of animals. We conclude that multi‐session perilesional rTMS regimes have the potential to induce functional ameliorations following focal chronic brain injury, and that behavioral performance prior to the onset of the rTMS treatment is the factor that best predicts positive outcomes for noninvasive neurostimulation treatments in visuospatial neglect.
A survey of spinal collateral actions of feline ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons
Authors: Geborek P. , Nilsson E. , Bolzoni F. , Jankowska E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify spinal target cells of spinocerebellar neurons, in particular the ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT) neurons, giving off axon collaterals terminating within the lumbosacral enlargement. Axons of spinocerebellar neurons were stimulated within the cerebellum while searching for most direct synaptic actions on intracellularly recorded hindlimb motoneurons and interneurons. In motoneurons the dominating effects were inhibitory [inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in 67% and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in 17% of motoneurons]. Latencies of mostIPSPs indicated that they were evoked disynaptically and mutual facilitation between theseIPSPs and disynapticIPSPs evoked by group Ia afferents from antagonist muscles and group Ib andIIafferents from synergists indicated that they were relayed by premotor interneurons in reflex pathways from muscle afferents. MonosynapticEPSPs from the cerebellum were accordingly found in Ia inhibitory interneurons and intermediate zone interneurons with input from group I andIIafferents but only oligosynapticEPSPs in motoneurons. MonosynapticEPSPs following cerebellar stimulation were also found in someVSCTneurons, indicating coupling between various spinocerebellar neurons. The results are in keeping with the previously demonstrated projections ofVSCTneurons to the contralateral ventral horn, showing thatVSCTneurons might contribute to motor control at a spinal level. They might thus play a role in modulating spinal activity in advance of any control exerted via the cerebellar loop.
Complementary roles of medial temporal lobes and mid‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for working memory for novel and familiar trial‐unique visual stimuli
Authors: Schon Karin , Ross Robert S. , Hasselmo Michael E. , Stern Chantal E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt has been suggested that working memory (WM) for novel information requires the medial temporal lobes (MTL), but is not necessary for WM for familiar stimuli. In previous studies that directly compared WM for novel and familiar stimuli, only the novel stimuli were trial‐unique. Here, 16 young human subjects performed a Sternberg WM task with visual scenes while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. All task stimuli were trial‐unique, but were either new (Novel condition) or previously learned (Familiar condition). This design allowed investigation of whether MTL and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity is related specifically to the novelty/familiarity of the stimuli or to their trial‐unique status during WM. We observed greater hippocampal and parahippocampal activity during encoding and maintenance for novel than for familiar stimuli. In contrast, right mid‐dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) activity was greater during encoding of familiar than novel stimuli. The mid‐dlPFC was not recruited during maintenance or for retrieval when the Familiar condition was contrasted with the Novel condition. However, left mid‐dlPFC activity was present at retrieval when correct Match trials (i.e. hits) were contrasted with correct Non‐match trials (i.e. correct rejections) for the Novel condition. The results support the hypothesis that MTL regions are required for the encoding and maintenance of novel stimuli during WM, demonstrating that the observed MTL activity is not related to the trial‐uniqueness of the stimuli per se. Furthermore, the observed activation pattern in mid‐dlPFC suggests a role for the mid‐dlPFC in executive control‐associated processes related to monitoring of scene familiarity at encoding and retrieval during WM.