bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cellular immune system in myelomagenesis: NK cells and T cells in the development of MM and their uses in immunotherapies
Authors: Dosani T , Carlsten M , Maric I , Landgren O 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAs vast strides are being made in the management and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), recent interests are increasingly focusing on understanding the development of the disease. The knowledge that MM develops exclusively from a protracted phase of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance provides an opportunity to study tumor evolution in this process. Although the immune system has been implicated in the development of MM, the scientific literature on the role and status of various immune components in this process is broad and sometimes contradictory. Accordingly, we present a review of cellular immune subsets in myelomagenesis. We summarize the current literature on the quantitative and functional profiles of natural killer cells and T-cells, including conventional T-cells, natural killer T-cells, γδ T-cells and regulatory T-cells, in myelomagenesis. Our goal is to provide an overview of the status and function of these immune cells in both the peripheral blood and the bone marrow during myelomagenesis. This provides a better understanding of the nature of the immune system in tumor evolution, the knowledge of which is especially significant considering that immunotherapies are increasingly being explored in the treatment of both MM and its precursor conditions.
Identifying and applying a highly selective probe to simultaneously determine the O-glucuronidation activity of human UGT1A3 and UGT1A4
Authors: Jiang Li , Liang Si-Cheng , Wang Chao , Ge Guang-Bo , Huo Xiao-Kui , Qi Xiao-Yi , Deng Sa , Liu Ke-Xin , Ma Xiao-Chi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlucuronidation mediated by uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase is an important detoxification pathway. However, identifying a selective probe of UDP- glucuronosyltransferase is complicated because of the significant overlapping substrate specificity displayed by the enzyme. In this paper, desacetylcinobufagin (DACB) 3-O- and 16-O-glucuronidation were found to be isoform-specific probe reactions for UGT1A4 and UGT1A3, respectively. DACB was well characterized as a probe for simultaneously determining the catalytic activities of O-glucuronidation mediated by UGT1A3 and UGT1A4 from various enzyme sources, through a sensitive analysis method.
The Efficacy of Routine Screening for High-Frequency Hearing Loss in Adults and Children
Authors: Serpanos Yula C. , Senzer Deborah , Renne Brittany , Langer Rebecca , Hoffman Roxanne 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of routine screening for high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) including 3000, 6000, and 8000 Hz frequencies with conventional test frequencies (1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) in adults and children in a university outreach program.

Method

Screening outcomes were examined in 2 cohorts of adults (Cohort 1,
N
= 315,
M
= 66.2 years; Cohort 2,
N
= 67,
M
= 68.3 years) and children (Cohort 1,
N
= 177,
M
= 6.5 years; Cohort 2,
N
= 57,
M
= 6.9 years) with a high-frequency screen protocol (1000–8000 Hz at 25 dB HL for adults and 20 dB HL for children) using supra-aural headphones. A rescreen was conducted in Cohort 2 with a modified protocol using insert earphones and monitored ambient noise levels.

Results

Average total test time significantly increased (
p
< .0001) and nearly doubled with inclusion of 3000-, 6000-, and 8000-Hz frequencies, adding approximately 1 min. Rescreen referral rates decreased by approximately 2%–16% at 1000–8000 Hz (approximately 13%–16% at 6000 and 8000 Hz) using the modified protocol in adults and children, supporting false-positive responses using supra-aural headphones.

Conclusion
Screening for HFHL should include insert earphones in order to prevent potential errors, particularly at 6000 and 8000 Hz.
The Development of the Mealings, Demuth, Dillon, and Buchholz Classroom Speech Perception Test
Authors: Mealings Kiri T. , Demuth Katherine , Buchholz Jörg , Dillon Harvey 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
Open-plan classroom styles are increasingly being adopted in Australia despite evidence that their high intrusive noise levels adversely affect learning. The aim of this study was to develop a new Australian speech perception task (the Mealings, Demuth, Dillon, and Buchholz Classroom Speech Perception Test) and use it in an open-plan classroom to assess how intrusive noise affects speech perception.

Method
The first part of this article describes how the online 4-picture choice speech perception task materials were created. The second part focuses on the study involving twenty-two 5- to 6-year-old children in an open-plan classroom who completed the task while other classes engaged in quiet and noisy activities.

Results
Children's performance accuracy, number of responses, and speed were lower in the noisy condition compared with the quiet condition. In addition, children's speech perception scores decreased the farther away they were seated from the loudspeaker. Overall, the children understood and were engaged in the task, demonstrating that it is an appropriate tool for assessing speech perception live in the classroom with 5- to 6-year-old children.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the Mealings, Demuth, Dillon, and Buchholz Classroom Speech Perception Test is a helpful tool for assessing speech perception in classrooms and that it would be beneficial to use in future research investigating how classroom design and noise affect speech perception.
75 GBd InP‐HBT MUX‐DAC module for high‐symbol‐rate optical transmission
Authors: Nagatani M. , Wakita H. , Nosaka H. , Kurishima K. , Ida M. , Sano A. , Miyamoto Y. 
Published: April 2015

An ultra‐broadband 6 bit digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC) has been designed and fabricated in InP‐HBT technology. The DAC IC includes six 2:1 MUXs and thus operates with a half‐rate clock. The DAC module is equipped with 1 mm connectors for its analogue output to ensure broadband characteristics. The measured analogue output bandwidth (BW) is >40 GHz. Four‐level pulse amplitude modulation signals with clear eye openings were measured at symbol rates of up to 75 GBd. This MUX‐DAC module has the widest BW of any previously reported DACs and is suitable for high‐symbol‐rate optical transmitters.
In vitroandin vivoanti-inflammatory activity of digested peptides derived from salmon myofibrillar protein conjugated with a small quantity of alginate oligosaccharide
Authors: Saigusa Musashi , Nishizawa Mizuho , Shimizu Yutaka , Saeki Hiroki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSalmon myofibrillar protein (Mf) was investigated as a source of edible anti-inflammatory products. Peptides produced by stepwise digestion of Mf (without carbohydrate) with pepsin and trypsin had little effect on the secretion of inflammation-related compounds from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. However, peptides prepared from Mf conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO; 19 μg/mg protein) (dMSA) through the Maillard reaction in the presence of sorbitol significantly reduced the secretion of the pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, dMSA inhibited acute inflammation in a carrageenan-induced model of paw edema in mice, but had no effect on natural killer cell cytotoxic activity or macrophage phagocytosis. These results suggest that fish Mf conjugated with AO may be a potential food material with anti-inflammatory function.
Upper limb joint muscle/tendon injury and anthropometric adaptations in French competitive tennis players
Authors: Rogowski Isabelle , Creveaux Thomas , Genevois Cyril , Klouche Shahnaz , Rahme Michel , Hardy Philippe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the upper limb anthropometric dimensions and a history of dominant upper limb injury in tennis players. Dominant and non‐dominant wrist, forearm, elbow and arm circumferences, along with a history of dominant upper limb injuries, were assessed in 147 male and female players, assigned to four groups based on location of injury: wrist (n = 9), elbow (n = 25), shoulder (n = 14) and healthy players (n = 99). From anthropometric dimensions, bilateral differences in circumferences and in proportions were calculated. The wrist group presented a significant bilateral difference in arm circumference, and asymmetrical bilateral proportions between wrist and forearm, as well as between elbow and arm, compared to the healthy group (6.6 ± 3.1% vs. 4.9 ± 4.0%, P < 0.01; −3.6 ± 3.0% vs. −0.9 ± 2.9%, P < 0.05; and −2.2 ± 2.2% vs. 0.1 ± 3.4%, P < 0.05, respectively). The elbow group displayed asymmetrical bilateral proportions between forearm and arm compared to the healthy group (−0.4 ± 4.3% vs. 1.5 ± 4.0%, P < 0.01). The shoulder group showed significant bilateral difference in elbow circumference, and asymmetrical bilateral proportions between forearm and elbow when compared to the healthy group (5.8 ± 4.7% vs. 3.1 ± 4.8%, P < 0.05 and −1.7 ± 4.5% vs. 1.4 ± 4.3%, P < 0.01, respectively). These findings suggest that players with a history of injury at the upper limb joint present altered dominant upper limb proportions in comparison with the non‐dominant side, and such asymmetrical proportions would appear to be specific to the location of injury. Further studies are needed to confirm the link between location of tennis injury and asymmetry in upper limb proportions using high‐tech measurements in symptomatic tennis players.
Use of Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR) in the Treatment of Congenital Scoliosis Without Fused Ribs
Authors: Murphy Robert F. , Moisan Alice , Kelly Derek M. , Warner William C. , Jones Tamekia L. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Although the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) has been shown to be useful in treating congenital scoliosis (CS) with fused ribs, no studies to date have specifically evaluated the efficacy of VEPTR in the treatment of CS without fused ribs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of VEPTR in sagittal/coronal curve correction and spine growth and compare its complication rate to the use of VEPTR in other conditions and to other treatment methods used for CS.

Methods:
A multicenter database was queried for patients with CS without fused ribs treated with VEPTR. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs were used to measure parameters at 3 timepoints (preoperative, immediate postoperative, and latest follow-up): coronal Cobb angle, sagittal kyphosis, and thoracic and lumbar spine heights. Clinical data included age, time to follow-up, and complications.

Results:
Twenty-five patients (13 females, 12 males) were identified. The average age at implantation was 5.7 years, with an average follow-up of 50 months. Several parameters improved from preoperative to latest follow-up: coronal Cobb angle (69 to 54 degrees, P<0.0001), thoracic spine height (T1-T12) in the AP (13.3 to 15.9 cm, P<0.0001) and lateral (14.8 to 17.4 cm, P=0.0024) planes, and lumbar spine height (L1-S1) in the AP (8.8 to 11.4 cm, P<0.0001) and lateral (9.9 to 11.9 cm, P=0.0002) planes. Kyphosis increased over the study period (36 to 41 degrees, P=0.6). Fifteen patients (60%) had 41 complications (average 2.75; range, 1 to 12). Twenty-eight complications (68%) were device-related, and 13 (32%) were disease-related. The most common complications were infection, wound dehiscence, and device migration. Six complications (15%) altered the course of treatment. Thoracic spine height increased 79% of expected growth.

Conclusion:
VEPTR is an effective treatment for patients with CS without fused ribs, as evidenced by improved radiographic parameters and increased spinal height, with a complication rate which is high but similar to other methods of treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Accessory Navicular is Associated With Wider and More Prominent Navicular Bone in Pediatric Patients by Radiographic Measurement
Authors: Seehausen Derek A. , Harris Liam R. , Kay Robert M. , Pace J. Lee 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Accessory navicular (AN) is a common anatomic variant that is known to cause medial foot pain. Surgery may be required for excision if conservative measures fail. Often, the medial border of the navicular is excised in addition to the AN during surgery. The purpose of this radiographic study is to determine if the presence of an AN is associated with a wider or more prominent navicular in pediatric patients compared with normal controls.

Methods:
This study included pediatric patients who received an initial plain anteroposterior foot radiograph between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2012 and were between the ages of 10 and 20 years. Feet with an AN were compared with those without, while controlling for age. Male and female patients were analyzed independently. Feet with fractures, deformities, or previous surgeries were excluded. Radiographic measurements included the navicular width and the protrusion of the navicular bone medially.

Results:
A total of 592 feet were included. An AN was identified in 73 feet. Male patients were analyzed separately from females. Cases with 1 AN bone had similar-sized native navicular bones in the contralateral normal foot compared with controls with 2 normal feet (P>0.05). The presence of an AN was associated with a larger navicular width (male: P=0.02, female: P=0.02) and a larger medial protrusion percent (male: P<0.01, female: P<0.01). Age was controlled for.

Conclusion:
On radiographic examination, feet with an AN had wider native navicular bones that protruded more medially than feet without an AN.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—diagnostic.
Arthroscopic Retrograde Drilling in Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus
Authors: Masquijo Julio J. , Ferreyra Andres , Baroni Eduardo 
Published: April 2015

Background:
Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the talus is rare, and the literature provides little data to guide treatment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate our clinical and radiographic results with arthroscopic retrograde drilling in patients who were refractory to conservative care.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated all patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the talus who underwent surgery for the treatment of stable lesions that failed conservative treatment. Medical records were reviewed for symptoms and demographic information. Preoperative and latest postoperative radiographs were used to determine degree of healing. AOFAS Ankle/Hindfoot scale and visual analog scale for pain were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.

Results:
We identified 6 patients (6 ankles). The mean age was 13 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 37 months (range, 16 to 69 mo). All of them had progressed toward healing and were asymptomatic, but only 3 out of 6 had a complete radiographic healing at last follow-up. The average AOFAS Ankle/Hindfoot score improved from 69 points (55 to 75, IQR=10) preoperatively to 98 points (90 to 100, IQR=7) (P<0.0027). Visual analog scale improved from 6.2 (4 to 8, IQR=3) to 0.3 (0 to 2, IQR=1) (P<0.002). All patients expressed satisfaction with operative results.

Conclusions:
Arthroscopic retrograde drilling seems to be effective for symptoms relief, although 50% of the cases have had persistent lesions on radiographs. A longer follow-up is necessary to assess joint function in those cases with partial radiographic healing.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic.
The Effects of Restraint Type on Pattern of Spine Injury in Children
Authors: Ernat Justin J. , Knox Jeffrey B. , Wimberly Robert L. , Riccio Anthony I. 
Published: April 2015

Introduction:
While the use of vehicular restraints has reduced the morbidity and mortality of children involved in motor vehicle collisions (MVC), to our knowledge, no study has examined the relationship between restraint type and patterns of pediatric spinal injuries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this association and review the spinal injuries sustained in children involved in MVC.

Methods:
We completed an IRB-approved, retrospective chart review of all patients below 10 years of age presenting to a level 1 pediatric trauma hospital with spine injuries sustained in MVC from 2003 to 2011. We reviewed prehospital data, medical records, and radiographs to establish the restraint type and characterize the spinal injuries sustained.

Results:
A total of 97 patients were identified with spinal trauma secondary to MVC with appropriate and documentation of restraint type. Results are reported regardless of whether the restraint employed was properly used per established guidelines. Car seat/booster seat (C/B) patients sustained significantly higher rates of cervical spine (62%) and ligamentous (62%) injuries than the 2-point (2P) (10%) and 3-point (3P) restraint (24%) groups (P<0.001). Two-point and 3P restraint use was associated with significantly higher rates of thoracolumbar injuries (67% and 62%, respectively) than the C/B (14%) and unrestrained (0%) groups (P<0.001). Two-point and 3P passengers also had a higher rate of flexion-distraction injuries (P<0.001). Patients in the unrestrained group sustained a significantly higher rate of cervical spine (80%) and ligamentous (40%) injuries than the 2P and 3P groups (P<0.001). No differences were found in the type or location of injury between the 2P and 3P groups. Significant differences in proper restraint use were identified between age groups with younger children demonstrating higher rates of proper restraint use (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Two-point or 3P seatbelt use is associated with lower rates of cervical spine trauma but higher rates of thoracic and lumbar trauma, particularly flexion-distraction injuries, when compared with car or booster seats. Children in C/B and those who are unrestrained sustain high rates of cervical spine injury.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—prognostic study.
Cancer stem cell plasticity as tumor growth promoter and catalyst of population collapse
Authors: Poleszczuk Jan , Enderling Heiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt is increasingly argued that cancer stem cells are not a cellular phenotype but rather a transient state that cells can acquire, either through intrinsic signaling cascades or in response to environmental cues. While cancer stem cell plasticity is generally associated with increased aggressiveness and treatment resistance, we set out to thoroughly investigate the impact of different rates of plasticity on early and late tumor growth dynamics and the response to therapy. We develop an agent-based model of cancer stem cell driven tumor growth, in which plasticity is defined as a spontaneous transition between stem and non-stem cancer cell states. Simulations of the model show that plasticity can substantially increase tumor growth rate and invasion. At high rates of plasticity, however, the cells get exhausted and the tumor will undergo spontaneous remission in the long term. In a series ofin silicotrials we show that such remission can be facilitated through radiotherapy. The presented study suggests that stem cell plasticity has rather complex, non-intuitive implications on tumor growth and treatment response. Further theoretical, experimental and integrated studies are needed to fully decipher cancer stem cell plasticity and how it can be harnessed for novel therapeutic approaches.
Is there such a thing as landscape genetics?
Authors: Dyer Rodney J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFor a scientific discipline to be interdisciplinary it must satisfy two conditions; it must consist of contributions from at least two existing disciplines and it must be able to provide insights, through this interaction, that neither progenitor discipline could address. In this paper, I examine the complete body of peer-reviewed literature self-identified as landscape genetics using the statistical approaches of text mining and natural language processing. The goal here is to quantify the kinds of questions being addressed in landscape genetic studies, the ways in which questions are evaluated mechanistically, and how they are differentiated from the progenitor disciplines of landscape ecology and population genetics. I then circumscribe the main factions within published landscape genetic papers examining the extent to which emergent questions are being addressed and highlighting a deep bifurcation between existing individual- and population-based approaches. I close by providing some suggestions on where theoretical and analytical work is needed if landscape genetics is to serve as a real bridge connecting evolution and ecologysensu lato.
Climate change and the impacts on China’s agricultural interregional trade flows
Authors: Xin Xian , Lin Tun , Liu Xiaoyun , Wan Guanghua , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The impacts of climate change on agricultural production in the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) are significant, and differ across regions and crops. The substantial regional differences will induce changes in agricultural interregional trade pattern. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the climate change impacts on China’s agricultural interregional trade pattern.Design/methodology/approach– The paper will use the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the impacts of climate change on the PRC’s agricultural interregional trade flows. The CGE model consists of seven Chinese regions and the rest of the world and six commodities.Findings– The results indicate that northwest, south, central, and northeast PRC will see increases in the outflows of agricultural products in 2030 and 2050. Conversely, outflows from east, north, and southwest PRC will decrease. Agricultural products handling and transportation facilities need to be repositioned to address the changes in agricultural trade flows.Originality/value– Studies on the impacts of climate change on the PRC’s agriculture have been increasing. To the best of our knowledge, however, no previous studies have assessed the impacts of climate change on the PRC’s agricultural interregional trade flows. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature.
Critical perspectives on the globally mobile professional and managerial class
Authors: McKenna Steve , Ravishankar M.N. , Weir David 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the papers in the special issue.Design/methodology/approach– A general description of each paper in the special issue is provided. The introduction highlights the need for more research into the broad topic of the global elite.Findings– Research in the social sciences uses a very broad definition of the global elite. It would be helpful in critical management and organization studies and critical international business research, to begin to identify important and key research areas that enable a more critical investigation of whom the global elite are and how they might be studied.Originality/value– This paper introduces five diverse papers that deal with issues pertaining to a global elite and transnational capitalist class.