bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, property characterization and UV‐converting application of poly(conjugated azomethine‐urethane)/hydroxyl polyacrylate resin
Authors: Liu Can‐Pei , Wang Man‐Kai , Xiao Quan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA functional polyurethane coating with ultraviolet (UV) rays converting ability of changing higher energy UV rays into lower ones was prepared from poly(conjugated azomethine‐urethane) (CAUP) reacting with hydroxyl polyacrylate resin (HPAR). As an oligomeric isocyanate, CAUP was prepared in a reaction of toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate with N,N′‐bis(4‐hydroxyl‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)‐o, m or p‐diaminobenzene that was synthesized from vanillin and o‐phenylenediamine or m‐phenylenediamine or p‐phenylenediamine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectra were used to characterize those synthesized products and HPAR/CAUP films. UV‐converting abilities of HPAR/CAUP films had been demonstrated by natural exposure to ageing and the fluorescence emission spectra of HPAR/CAUP films and CAUP solutions. Red‐shift phenomena in the fluorescence emission spectra were due to molecule aggregations and stacks caused by intramolecular and intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding effects. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis techniques were employed to study their mechanical and thermal properties of HPAR/CAUP films. The films exhibited excellent mechanical properties and owned high glass transition temperatures over 97.0°C, and their maximum thermal degradation temperatures were about 176.0°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Degradation studies during water absorption, aerobic biodegradation, and soil burial of biobased thermoplastic starch from agricultural waste/polypropylene blends
Authors: Pang Ming‐Meng , Pun Meng‐Yan , Ishak Zainal Arifin Mohd. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThermoplastic starch (TPS) from agricultural waste consisting of different amylose/amylopectin ratios was blended with polypropylene (PP) for degradation studies. The agricultural waste material was obtained from seeds and tubers with low starch contents of ∼50%. Non‐Fickian behavior was observed for the water absorption test, and water uptake increased with increases in amylopectin content. The biodegradation was assessed based on the extent of carbon conversion, and was found to be dependent on the water absorption behavior and molecular structure of the starch component. Outdoor soil burial showed greater weight loss and deterioration in tensile properties compared to indoor soil burial. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Solarer Lärmschutz am Berliner Ring A 10
Authors: Kleinhanß Karl 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDas Projekt “Photovoltaik plus Lärmschutz A 10” verkörpert einen Meilenstein auf dem Weg zu dem vom Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung propagierten “Intelligenten Verkehrswegebau des 21. Jahrhunderts”.Die innovative Kernstruktur bilden ca. 5 500 m lange Solare Lärmschutzwände auf der Nord‐ und Südseite der zukünftig achtstreifigen Autobahn, in die ca. 35 000 m2 Photovoltaikanlagen mit 70 Grad Neigung zur Sonne hin integriert werden. Diese dienen nicht nur als Lärmschutz, sondern sie tragen mit einem Stromertrag von 4,5 MWp maßgeblich zur Wirtschaftlichkeit dieses ÖPP‐Projektes bei. Damit wird ohne zusätzliche Steuermittel ein nachhaltig optimierter Lärmschutz für die Anliegergemeinde Michendorf erreicht, deren Bürger dieses Leuchtturmprojekt angestoßen und über eine mehrjährige Planungszeit engagiert begleitet haben – ein Musterbeispiel für konstruktive Bürgerbeteiligung.Mit dem Start des Vergabeverfahrens durch die DEGES im Auftrag des zuständigen Ministeriums für Infrastruktur und Landwirtschaft des Landes Brandenburg eröffnet sich nunmehr über das weltweit größte Pilotvorhaben “Photovoltaik plus Lärmschutz A 10” ein neues Marktsegment für Solare Lärmschutzwände als integraler Bestandteil im Verkehrswegebau der Zukunft.Solar noise protection on the Berlin A10 ring road – a flagship project in traffic route engineeringThe “A10 photovoltaics plus noise protection” project represents a milestone on the path to “intelligent traffic route engineering in the 21st century”, declared Germany's Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development.The innovative core structure features around 5 500 m of noise protection walls on the north and south side of the future eight‐lane motorway, into which around 35 000 m2 of photovoltaic equipment with a 70‐degree inclination towards the sun are integrated. This serves not only as noise protection, but also makes a significant contribution to the efficiency of this PPP project, with an electricity yield of 4.5 MWp. The project thus offers sustainably optimised noise protection without any additional public money to the local community of Michendorf, whose citizens initiated this flagship project and supported it fully throughout its several‐year planning period. This project is a prime example of constructive citizen participation.As the awarding process by DEGES on behalf of the Ministry for Infrastructure and Agriculture for the state of Brandenburg gets underway, a new market segment is now opening up for solar noise protection walls to become an integral component in traffic route engineering of the future, with the world's largest planned pilot project of its kind: the “A10 photovoltaics plus noise protection” project.
Optimization‐driven identification of genetic perturbations accelerates the convergence of model parameters in ensemble modeling of metabolic networks
Authors: Zomorrodi Ali R. , Lafontaine Rivera Jimmy G. , Liao James C. , Maranas Costas D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe ensemble modeling (EM) approach has shown promise in capturing kinetic and regulatory effects in the modeling of metabolic networks. Efficacy of the EM procedure relies on the identification of model parameterizations that adequately describe all observed metabolic phenotypes upon perturbation. In this study, we propose an optimization‐based algorithm for the systematic identification of genetic/enzyme perturbations to maximally reduce the number of models retained in the ensemble after each round of model screening. The key premise here is to design perturbations that will maximally scatter the predicted steady‐state fluxes over the ensemble parameterizations. We demonstrate the applicability of this procedure for an Escherichia coli metabolic model of central metabolism by successively identifying single, double, and triple enzyme perturbations that cause the maximum degree of flux separation between models in the ensemble. Results revealed that optimal perturbations are not always located close to reaction(s) whose fluxes are measured, especially when multiple perturbations are considered. In addition, there appears to be a maximum number of simultaneous perturbations beyond which no appreciable increase in the divergence of flux predictions is achieved. Overall, this study provides a systematic way of optimally designing genetic perturbations for populating the ensemble of models with relevant model parameterizations.
Glycans‐by‐design: Engineering bacteria for the biosynthesis of complex glycans and glycoconjugates
Authors: Merritt Judith H. , Ollis Anne A. , Fisher Adam C. , DeLisa Matthew P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is an urgent need for new tools that enable better understanding of the structure, recognition, metabolism, and biosynthesis of glycans as well as the production of biologically important glycans and glycoconjugates. With the discovery of glycoprotein synthesis in bacteria and functional transfer of glycosylation pathways between species, Escherichia coli cells have become a tractable host for both understanding glycosylation and the underlying glycan code of living cells as well as for expressing glycoprotein therapeutics and vaccines. Here, we review recent efforts to harness natural biological pathways and engineer synthetic designer pathways in bacteria for making complex glycans and conjugating these to lipids and proteins. The result of these efforts has been a veritable transformation of bacteria into living factories for scalable, bottom‐up production of complex glycoconjugates by design. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1550–1564. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure and Biosynthesis of Fimsbactins A–F, Siderophores from Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter baylyi
Authors: Proschak Anna , Lubuta Patrice , Grün Peter , Löhr Frank , Wilharm Gottfried , De Berardinis Veronique , Bode Helge B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNovel chatechol/hydroxamate siderophores (named “fimsbactins”) were identified in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 and Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. The major compound, fimsbactin A, was isolated from low‐iron cultures of A. baylyi ADP1, and its chemical structure was elucidated by mass spectrometry, and detailed 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy. From inverse feeding experiments following HPLC‐MS analysis, the structures of five additional derivatives were elucidated. The gene cluster encoding the fimsbactin synthetase (fbs) was identified in both genomes, and mutants in fbs genes in A. baylyi were analyzed, thus allowing prediction of the fimsbactin biosynthesis pathway.
Copper Salt of 12‐Tungstophosphoric Acid: An Efficient and Reusable Heteropoly Acid for the Click Chemistry
Authors: Purnima K. V. , Sreenu D. , Bhasker N. , Nagaiah K. , Lingaiah N. , Subba Reddy B. V. , Yadav J. S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThree components coupling of alkyl bromide, sodium azide and alkyne has been achieved using a catalytic amount of copper‐exchanged phosphotungstic acid (Cu‐TPA) in the presence of triethyl amine in DMF to afford substituted triazoles in good yields with high selectivity. Interestingly, the coupling of alkyl azide with alkyne proceeds readily at room temperature to furnish 1,2,3‐triazoles in excellent yields. The catalyst can be recovered and reused for three to four subsequent runs with a minimal decrease of activity. The use of copper modified heteropolyacids makes this procedure simple, convenient and environmentally friendly.
A Divergent Synthesis of 1,8‐Naphthyridines and Hydropyridopyrimidinones by the Reactions of o‐Aminonitriles with Ketones
Authors: Yang Liupan , Li Jiarong , Chai Hongxin , Lu Hongyan , Zhang Qi , Shi Daxin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn efficient divergent synthesis of substituted 1,8‐naphthyridine and hydropyridopyrimidinone derivatives was developed by the reactions of o‐aminocyanopyridines and ketones based on different catalytic conditions.
Estimation with right‐censored observations under a semi‐Markov model
Authors: Zhao Lihui , Hu X. Joan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe semi‐Markov process often provides a better framework than the classical Markov process for the analysis of events with multiple states. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we show that in the presence of right censoring, when the right end‐point of the support of the censoring time is strictly less than the right end‐point of the support of the semi‐Markov kernel, the transition probability of the semi‐Markov process is nonidentifiable, and the estimators proposed in the literature are inconsistent in general. We derive the set of all attainable values for the transition probability based on the censored data, and we propose a nonparametric inference procedure for the transition probability using this set. Second, the conventional approach to constructing confidence bands is not applicable for the semi‐Markov kernel and the sojourn time distribution. We propose new perturbation resampling methods to construct these confidence bands. Different weights and transformations are explored in the construction. We use simulation to examine our proposals and illustrate them with hospitalization data from a recent cancer survivor study. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 237–256; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Investigating the genetic load of an emblematic invasive species: the case of the invasive harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Tayeh A. , Estoup A. , Hufbauer R. A. , Ravigne V. , Goryacheva I. , Zakharov I. A. , Lombaert E. , Facon B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroduction events can lead to admixture between genetically differentiated populations and bottlenecks in population size. These processes can alter the adaptive potential of invasive species by shaping genetic variation, but more importantly, they can also directly affect mean population fitness either increasing it or decreasing it. Which outcome is observed depends on the structure of the genetic load of the species. The ladybird Harmonia axyridis is a good example of invasive species where introduced populations have gone through admixture and bottleneck events. We used laboratory experiments to manipulate the relatedness among H. axyridis parental individuals to assess the possibility for heterosis or outbreeding depression in F1 generation offspring for two traits related to fitness (lifetime performance and generation time). We found that inter‐populations crosses had no major impact on the lifetime performance of the offspring produced by individuals from either native or invasive populations. Significant outbreeding depression was observed only for crosses between native populations for generation time. The absence of observed heterosis is indicative of a low occurrence of fixed deleterious mutations within both the native and invasive populations of H. axyridis. The observed deterioration of fitness in native inter‐population crosses most likely results from genetic incompatibilities between native genomic backgrounds. We discuss the implications of these results for the structure of genetic load in H. axyridis in the light of the available information regarding the introduction history of this species.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Dynamic Behaviour of Triosmium Clusters Containing the Tridentate Ligand {Ph2PCH2CH2}2S (PSP)
Authors: Persson Roger , Stchedroff Marc J. , Gobetto Roberto , Carrano Carl J. , Richmond Michael G. , Monari Magda , Nordlander Ebbe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReaction of [Os3(CO)11(NCMe)] with bis‐diphenylphosphanylethylene sulfide, {Ph2PCH2CH2}2S (PSP), leads to the formation of [Os3(CO)11(PSP)] and [{Os3(CO)11}2(μ‐PSP)] in good yield. Similarly, treatment of [Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2] with PSP affords the cluster [Os3(CO)10(μ‐PSP)], in which the two phosphanes of the PSP ligand coordinate to different osmium atoms of the same triosmium unit. Reaction of [Os3(CO)11(PSP)] with [Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2] yields the compound 1,2‐[{Os3(CO)11}(μ3‐PSP){Os3(CO)10}] in which the thioether moiety and one of the phosphane groups of the PSP ligand are coordinated equatorially to the {Os3(CO)10} subunit. The cluster 1,2‐[{Os3(CO)11}(μ3‐PSP){Os3(CO)10}] is also formed when [Os3(CO)11(PSP)] is oxidatively decarbonylated by reaction with trimethylamine N‐oxide. The metastable cluster 1,2‐[{Os3(CO)11}(μ3‐PSP){Os3(CO)10}] undergoes slow isomerisation at room temperature to form 1,1‐[{Os3(CO)11}(μ3‐PSP){Os3(CO)10}] in which the thioether and phosphane moieties coordinate in a chelating mode to one of the {Os3(CO)10} subunits with the thioether moiety in an axial position. The dynamic behaviour of these clusters has been investigated by variable‐temperature 13C{1H} and 13P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The solid‐state structures of [{Os3(CO)11}2(μ‐PSP)] and [Os3(CO)10(μ‐PSP)] are reported.
Strength Evaluation of Multilayer Glass–Ceramic Sealants
Authors: Cela Greven B. , Gross‐Barsnick S. M. , Federmann D. , Conradt R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe glass–ceramic sealants developed at Forschungszentrum Juelich already meet several of the requirements for their potential use in SOFC stacks. The adequate choice of glass materials and adaptation of the joining and design parameters are essential for stack assembling. Successful long time operation of stacks depends on sufficiently high bond strength between sealant and other components. Currently one of the major problems has been to find a glass–ceramic sealant with appropriate strength withstanding operation conditions. Therefore a reinforcement concept was developed based on addition of silver particles, YSZ fibers or particles as fillers in glass matrix from the system BaO–CaO–SiO2. Additionally different screen‐printed laminar combinations were prepared as double and triple layer design. The double layer design consists in one with ceramic filler and another one with metal filler addition. Triple layer design was set up by establishing two identical films on the outer sides and one different reinforcement layer in the center plane. In order to evaluate the multilayer designs' strength, tensile tests were carried out on circular butt‐joints. The three layers combination showed best performance. Samples could be qualitatively compared in a relative ranking. Changes in the tensile test configuration were proposed to improve future evaluation.
Vorgaben des EC7 für dynamische Pfahlprobebelastungen und Regelungen im deutschen Normenhandbuch – Vorschlag zur Vereinfachung
Authors: Klingmüller Oswald 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDer Eurocode 7 (EC7) enthält in seinen Entwürfen seit 1994 die dynamische Pfahlprobebelastung als zulässigen Nachweis für die Tragfähigkeit von Pfählen. Die Definitionen der verschiedenen dynamischen Pfahlprobelastungen und der verschiedenen Auswertungsverfahren in den Textabschnitten und auch die erforderlichen Nachweise zur Herstellung einer Vergleichbarkeit von statischen und dynamischen Pfahlprobebelastungen erforderten eine Klarstellung, die in der Neufassung der DIN 1054 vorgenommen wurde und dann in das Normenhandbuch, die deutsche Anwendungsnorm für den EC7, übertragen wurde. Im Beitrag wird die Beziehung von EC7 und Normenhandbuch erläutert und anhand des Wortlauts des EC7 dargestellt, warum eine Klarstellung im Normenhandbuch erforderlich wurde. Es wird auch ein Vorschlag formuliert, der zur Vereinfachung der Regelung führen kann.Regulations of EC7 for Dynamic Pile Load Tests and Specifications of the German National Application Document – Proposal for a Simplified Concept. In 2011 the German Institute of Standards (DIN) published the “Handbook Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design – Part 1: General rules” which combines DIN EN 1997‐1:2009, DIN EN 1997‐1/NA:2010 (national appendix) and DIN 1054:2010 (additional national rules to DIN EN 1997‐1) to one work of German rules in geotechnical design. The paper presents the current situation and the problems of application of the code specifications with respect to the current practice of dynamic testing. A simplification of specifications and also a basis for a consistent safety concept is proposed.
Vocabulary Learning on the Internet: Using a Structured Think‐Aloud Procedure
Authors: Ebner Rachel J. , Ehri Linnea C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUsing the Internet as a learning tool has great promise, but also poses significant challenges. Theories and research confirm the importance of students' engagement in self‐regulated learning processes for effective Internet learning. In this article the Authors describe a structured think‐aloud procedure intended to support students' engagement in proactive self‐regulated learning processes when learning on the Internet. The structured think‐aloud requires students to self‐regulate their learning by verbalizing their plans and evaluating their actions to achieve their online learning goals. The Authors discuss their recent empirical research with 70 college students on the effectiveness of using the structured think‐aloud procedure to increase their vocabularies on the Internet. The practical applications of using the structured think‐aloud procedure to support students' Internet learning in school or at home are discussed. This includes explaining how teachers can instruct students on critical metacognitive thinking processes by teaching them to use the structured think‐aloud procedure.
Effect of passive ultrassonic instrumentation as a final irrigation protocol on debris and smear layer removal—a sem analysis
Authors: Castagna Fabrícia , Rizzon Patrícia , da Rosa Ricardo Abreu , Santini Manuela Favarin , Barreto Mirela Sangoi , Húngaro Duarte Marco Antônio , Reis Só Marcus Vinícius 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study sought to evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on removing the smear layer and debris from root dentin using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty‐five bovine incisors were manually prepared and divided into three groups according to the final irrigation protocol: EDTA, final irrigation with 12 mL of 17% EDTA for 3 minutes followed by 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl; EDTA/PUI, final flush with 4 mL of 17% EDTA and PUI for 30 seconds. These procedures were repeated three times to standardize the volume of the irrigant. Control group, after preparation, the specimens were irrigated only with 17 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. The roots were fractured and analyzed using SEM. The intragroup analysis revealed that the EDTA/PUI protocol removed a higher amount of debris at the cervical third (P = 0.03). The intergroup analysis revealed that EDTA/PUI presented the lowest amount of debris at the cervical third (P = 0.007). Smear layer scores were higher in the control group compared with the EDTA and EDTA/PUI groups, but only at the cervical third (P = 0.02). None of the final irrigant protocols completely removed the smear layer and debris. EDTA/PUI only improved the removal of debris at the cervical third. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:496–502, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructure of the bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus‐Shaw, 1802) oviduct in different seasons
Authors: Fernandez Sthefanie , Rodrigues Rosângela Felipe , Rici Rose Eli Grassi , Favaron Phelipe Oliveira , De Melo Alan Peres Ferraz 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is an exotic animal that adapted perfectly to the climatic conditions of Brazil after introduction in the country. These climatic conditions favor the reproduction and fattening of bullfrogs. However, the development of the bullfrog is significantly reduced in colder regions because low temperatures affect the secretion of gonadotropins and change the sensitivity of the germinal epithelium to gonadotropic hormones. Thus, the temperature and photoperiod are abiotic factors that influence the life cycle of this species, especially with regard to reproduction. Samples from different regions of the oviducts (the infundibulum, magnum, and isthmus) of 9 bullfrogs were collected in the different seasons of the year. The samples were fixed and processed for analysis with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A comparison of the morphology of the oviducts collected during different seasonal periods suggests that the frogs have greater reproductive potential in the spring due to the development of the structures related to the oviduct, presence of developed cilia, and electron‐dense granules. However, seasonal changes were noted in the animal throughout the year in preparation for reproduction during the spring and summer. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:523–532, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.