bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic‐directed patterning of cell spheroids
Authors: Whatley Benjamin R. , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Ning , Wen Xuejun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe have described an approach to fabricate three‐dimensional (3D) cell‐based structures using functionalized super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as patterning agents to guide the assembly of endothelial cell spheroids into 3D patterns using the magnetic forces generated by a prefabricated magnetic template. SPIONs were first uptaken by endothelial cells before they were assembled into uniform‐sized spheroids through a home‐made robotic spheroid maker. To guide the magnetic spheroids, a unique magnetic template was fabricated using computer‐aided design and cut from a magnetic sheet. The spheroids were then guided to the prefabricated magnetic template through the attractive magnetic forces between the SPIONs inside the endothelial cells and the magnetic template. Fusion of endothelial cell spheroids over time while adhered to the magnetic template allowed for the formation of 3D cell‐based structures. Subsequent removal of the prefabricated magnetic template left 3‐D endothelial cell sheets, which may be stacked to fabricate complicated 3D multicellular tissue structures. To enhance the cytocompatibility, SPIONs were silica‐coated before use. At low concentrations, the SPIONs did not adversely affect cell viability, proliferation, and phenotype stability. Light and confocal microscopy showed that endothelial cell spheroids could be reproducibly created with high uniformity. The endothelial cells were able to remain viable and maintain the 3D structure in vitro. We have proved the concept to use SPIONs as a patterning agent to direct the attachment and self assembly of SPION‐loaded endothelial cell spheroids on a prefabricated magnetic template for the formation of 3D cell based structures. A magnetic‐directed technique allows quick patterning of cell spheroids in accordance with desirable magnetic patterns, therefore, holding promise for scalable fabrication of complicated 3D multicellular tissue structures. By varying the cell types and the prefabricated magnetic patterns, this magnetic‐directed patterning strategy may find use in bioprinting and multicellular tissue graft fabrication. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1537–1547, 2014.
Using lytic bacteriophages to eliminate or significantly reduce contamination of food by foodborne bacterial pathogens
Authors: Sulakvelidze Alexander 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBacteriophages (also called ‘phages’) are viruses that kill bacteria. They are arguably the oldest (3 billion years old, by some estimates) and most ubiquitous (total number estimated to be 1030–1032) known organisms on Earth. Phages play a key role in maintaining microbial balance in every ecosystem where bacteria exist, and they are part of the normal microflora of all fresh, unprocessed foods. Interest in various practical applications of bacteriophages has been gaining momentum recently, with perhaps the most attention focused on using them to improve food safety. That approach, called ‘phage biocontrol’, typically includes three main types of applications: (i) using phages to treat domesticated livestock in order to reduce their intestinal colonization with, and shedding of, specific bacterial pathogens; (ii) treatments for decontaminating inanimate surfaces in food‐processing facilities and other food establishments, so that foods processed on those surfaces are not cross‐contaminated with the targeted pathogens; and (iii) post‐harvest treatments involving direct applications of phages onto the harvested foods. This mini‐review primarily focuses on the last type of intervention, which has been gaining the most momentum recently. Indeed, the results of recent studies dealing with improving food safety, and several recent regulatory approvals of various commercial phage preparations developed for post‐harvest food safety applications, strongly support the idea that lytic phages may provide a safe, environmentally‐friendly, and effective approach for significantly reducing contamination of various foods with foodborne bacterial pathogens. However, some important technical and nontechnical problems may need to be addressed before phage biocontrol protocols can become an integral part of routine food safety intervention strategies implemented by food industries in the USA. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of subcritical fluid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from Laminaria japonica Aresch by response surface methodology
Authors: Lu Jie , Feng Xiaomei , Han Yuqian , Xue Changhu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe carotenoids and chlorophyll a of Laminaria japonica Aresch were extracted using ethanol‐modified subcritical 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R134a). In the present study, the effects of pressure (5–17 MPa), temperature (303–333 K) and the amount of cosolvent(2–6% R134a, w/w)were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate the significance of the three independent variables on each response. A desirability function was conducted to simultaneously optimize the multiple responses.RESULTSThe optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 324.13 K, extraction pressure 17 MPa and a cosolvent amount of 4.73%. Under these conditions, the yields of carotenoids and chlorophyll a were predicted to be 0.239 and 2.326 g kg−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONIt has been proved that subcritical R134a is a potential solvent, which can be an alternative to supercritical CO2 for extraction of natural ingredients under mild conditions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Immunohistochemical detection of SATB1 is independent of thyroid cancer differentiation
Authors: Murono Shigeyuki , Tsuji Akira , Endo Kazuhira , Kondo Satoru , Wakisaka Naohiro , Yoshizaki Tomokazu 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe association of special AT‐rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) with a poor prognosis in various cancers has been reported. However, this association is controversial. SATB1 expression in aggressive types of thyroid cancer has not been reported to date.Study DesignRetrospective.MethodsSATB1 expression was immunohistochemically investigated in 35 papillary thyroid cancers, one follicular thyroid cancer, six poorly differentiated thyroid cancers, and two anaplastic thyroid cancers.ResultsSATB1 expression was observed in none of two anaplastic thyroid cancers, one of six poorly differentiated thyroid cancers, and nine of 36 well‐differentiated thyroid cancers. SATB1 expression was not significantly associated with any high‐risk group‐related clinicopathologic factors in well‐differentiated thyroid cancer. Survival was not associated with SATB1 expression.ConclusionsSATB1 expression is independent of thyroid cancer differentiation, as well as high‐risk‐related factors. SATB1 may not play a role in the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 123:2909–2912, 2013
The effect of unilateral superior laryngeal nerve lesion on swallowing threshold volume
Authors: Ding Peng , Campbell‐Malone Regina , Holman Shaina D. , Lukasik Stacey L. , Thexton Allan J. , German Rebecca Z. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) is the major sensory nerve for the upper larynx. Damage to this nerve impacts successful swallowing. The first aim of the study was to assess the effect of unilateral SLN lesion on the threshold volume sufficient to elicit swallowing in an intact pig model; this volume was defined radiographically as the maximum bolus area visible in lateral view. The second aim was to determine if a difference existed between ipsilateral and contralateral function as a result of unilateral sensory loss, measured as the radiologic density of fluid seen in the valleculae. Finally, we determined whether there was a relationship between the threshold volume and the occurrence of aspiration after a unilateral SLN lesion.Study DesignRepeated measures animal study.MethodsFour female infant pigs underwent unilateral SLN lesion surgery. The maximum vallecular bolus area in lateral view and the relative vallecular density on each side in the dorsoventral view were obtained from videofluoroscopic recordings in both the prelesion control and postlesion experimental states.ResultsIn lateral view, the lesioned group had a larger maximum bolus area than the control group (P < .001). Although occasional left–right asymmetry in the dorsoventral view was observed, the vallecular densities were, on average, equal on both the left (intact) and right (lesioned) sides (P > .05). A bigger maximum bolus area did not predict aspiration in the lesioned group (P > .05).ConclusionsUnilateral SLN lesions increased the swallowing threshold volume symmetrically in right and left valleculae, but the increased threshold may not be the main mechanism for the occurrence of aspiration. Laryngoscope, 123:1942–1947, 2013
Hypoglossal‐facial‐jump‐anastomosis without an interposition nerve graft
Authors: Beutner Dirk , Luers Jan C. , Grosheva Maria 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe hypoglossal‐facial‐anastomosis is the most often applied procedure for the reanimation of a long lasting peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The use of an interposition graft and its end‐to‐side anastomosis to the hypoglossal nerve allows the preservation of the tongue function and also requires two anastomosis sites and a free second donor nerve. We describe the modified technique of the hypoglossal‐facial‐jump‐anastomosis without an interposition and present the first results.Study DesignRetrospective case study.MethodsWe performed the facial nerve reconstruction in five patients. The indication for the surgery was a long‐standing facial paralysis with preserved portion distal to geniculate ganglion, absent voluntary activity in the needle facial electromyography, and an intact bilateral hypoglossal nerve. Following mastoidectomy, the facial nerve was mobilized in the fallopian canal down to its bifurcation in the parotid gland and cut in its tympanic portion distal to the lesion. Then, a tensionless end‐to‐side suture to the hypoglossal nerve was performed. The facial function was monitored up to 16 months postoperatively.ResultsThe reconstruction technique succeeded in all patients: The facial function improved within the average time period of 10 months to the House‐Brackmann score 3.ConclusionThis modified technique of the hypoglossal‐facial reanimation is a valid method with good clinical results, especially in cases of a preserved intramastoidal facial nerve.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.Laryngoscope, 123:2392–2396, 2013
Survival of diced and block cartilage grafts in combination with injectable calcium hydroxylapatite
Authors: Erdogmuş Nagehan , Cingi Cemal , Canaz Funda , Acikalin Mustafa , Gurbuz Melek Kezban , Kaya Ercan , Çakli Hamdi , Incesulu Armagan , Ozudogru Erkan 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisDorsal nasal irregularities after trauma, and various procedures such as excessive nasal hump resection, are major problems for patients who have undergone rhinoplasty. Many grafts have been described for the correction of dorsal nasal irregularities. In this study, we used an injectable implant, in combination with diced or block cartilage grafts, to test the efficacy of injectable calcium hydroxylapatite on the survival of diced or block cartilage grafts.Study DesignProspective, controlled, parallel group animal study.MethodsFourteen New Zealand white rabbits were used. Block cartilage and diced cartilage grafts, alone and in combination with injectable calcium hydroxylapatite, were placed subcutaneously in the rabbits' dorsal thoracolumbar region. On the 90th day following surgery, the graft areas were extracted immediately after the rabbits were sacrificed. Pathological examination was conducted on all specimens.ResultsThe pathologic and histochemical findings were compared between groups. There was chronic inflammation observed in all of the groups. However, none of the groups had metaplastic bone formation or calcification. The group that received diced cartilage in combination with the injectable implant received the highest scores for peripheral chondrocyte proliferation, matrix collagen, elastic fiber, and proteoglycan content (P <0.05). A comparison of the block and diced cartilage grafts revealed that peripheral chondrocyte proliferation was more pronounced in the diced cartilage grafts (P <0.05).ConclusionThe use of calcium hydroxylapatite in combination with diced cartilage grafts does not have any long‐term negative effects on chondrocyte viability.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:E17–E22, 2013
Long‐term utility outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Mace Jess , Soler Zachary M. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo define long‐term health‐state utility outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective, longitudinal, cohort study.MethodsThe short‐form (SF)−12 survey was issued to the 168 patients who were enrolled in an initial study evaluating short‐term utility outcomes following ESS. SF‐12 responses were converted into SF‐6D utility scores using the University of Sheffield algorithm. The primary outcome was mean overall long‐term utility level following ESS. Secondary outcomes evaluated annual utility level following ESS and utility outcomes for different subgroups of patients with CRS.ResultsA total of 83 patients provided long‐term health‐state utility outcomes. The mean overall long‐term utility level was 0.80 at a mean follow‐up of 5.2 years after ESS. Compared to the baseline (0.67) and short‐term follow‐up (0.75) utility levels in this group, there was a significant improvement at the long‐term period (P = .002). A total of 54% (45/83) of patients achieved long‐term postoperative utility scores higher than the United States norm of 0.81. There was a significant improvement in utility scores for all subsequent years after ESS compared to preoperative responses (all P < .028). All subgroups of CRS received significant long‐term utility improvements (all P < .001), and those undergoing revision ESS demonstrated continued improvement past the short‐term postoperative period.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that patients with refractory CRS achieve stable mean long‐term utility levels following ESS and often return to a health state comparable to US population norms.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:19–23, 2014
Influence of baclofen on laryngeal and spinal motor drive during cough in the anesthetized cat
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Pitts Teresa 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe antitussive properties of (±) baclofen on laryngeal muscle activities have not been determined. The hypothesis of this study was that administration of (±) baclofen would suppress upper airway muscle motor activity in a dose‐dependent manner during cough.Study DesignThis is a prospective, preclinical, hypothesis‐driven, paired design.MethodsElectromyograms of the parasternal, rectus abdominis, thyroarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and thyrohyoid were measured, along with esophageal pressure. Cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of the lumen of the intrathoracic trachea in spontaneously breathing cats.ResultsBaclofen (±) (3–10 μg kg−1 i.a.) induced decreases in the electromyogram amplitude of the rectus abdominis motor drive during coughing, the inspiratory and active expiratory (E1) phases of cough, and cough number per epoch. There was no effect of (±) baclofen on the EMG amplitudes of any of the laryngeal muscles, the parasternal, or the duration of the passive expiratory (E2) phase.ConclusionsResults from the present study indicate differential control mechanisms for laryngeal and inspiratory motor drive during cough, providing evidence of a control system regulating laryngeal activity and inspiratory spinal drive that is divergent from the control of expiratory spinal motoneurons.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:3088–3092, 2013
Comparison between endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery
Authors: Kojima Hiromi , Komori Manabu , Chikazawa Satoshi , Yaguchi Yuichiro , Yamamoto Kazuhisa , Chujo Kyoko , Moriyama Hiroshi 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate whether endoscopic stapes surgery is safer and less invasive than conventional stapes surgery using an operating microscope.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThe subjects were 15 patients (15 ears) who underwent endoscopic stapes surgery for otosclerosis or congenital stapedial fixation. Another 35 patients (41 ears) in whom microscopic stapes surgery was performed by the same surgeon were assigned to the control group. The procedures for endoscopic surgery were fundamentally the same as those for microscopic surgery, unless there was no anterior or posterior auricular skin incision. The two surgical techniques were compared with respect to the operating time, postoperative hearing, complications, postoperative pain, and the extent of drilling at the posterosuperior part of the external auditory canal.ResultsThere were no differences of operating time or postoperative hearing between the endoscopic and microscopic groups. There was very little postoperative pain in the endoscopic group. Postoperative dizziness was mild in all patients who received endoscopic surgery. Drilling at the posterosuperior part of the external auditory canal was less extensive in the endoscopic group than in the microscopic group.ConclusionEndoscopic surgery is particularly suitable for stapedial disease. Endoscopic stapes surgery can even be done in patients with a curved and narrow external auditory canal. Endoscopic surgery is also suitable for education: The surgical anatomy can be understood easily and both the surgeon and assistants can observe the procedure on the same monitor. However, it should only be performed by experienced surgeons because one‐handed manipulation is required and stereoscopic vision is not available.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 124:266–271, 2014
Subclassification of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp based on eosinophil and neutrophil
Authors: Ikeda Katsuhisa , Shiozawa Akihito , Ono Noritsugu , Kusunoki Takeshi , Hirotsu Mikio , Homma Hirotomo , Saitoh Tatsuya , Murata Junko 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisJapanese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), differing from European and U.S. patients, are suggested to show two distinct phenotypes: Th2‐polarized and Th1‐shifted immunity. The purpose of this study was to conduct clinical subgrouping of CRSwNP based on inflammatory cell infiltration, which was evaluated and supported by clinical backgrounds and immunological characteristics.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsOne hundred thirty Japanese patients with CRSwNP were classified by the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in nasal polyps. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 42 patients.ResultsThe patients were classified into three groups: 1) 42 patients with eosinophilic type, 2) 27 patients with neutrophilic type, and 3) 61 patients with noneosinophilic nonneutrophilic type. Both the number of serum eosinophils and the recurrence rates were significantly higher in the eosinophilic group compared to the other two groups. The IgE value was significantly higher in the eosinophilic group, followed by the noneosinophilic nonneutrophilic and neutrophilic groups. Both the symptomatic and CT scores were significantly greater in the eosinophilic group than in the neutrophilic group. The expressions of eotaxin, IL‐17A, MUC5AC, and CD68 were greater in the eosinophilic group than in the other two groups.ConclusionThe eosinophilic CRSwNP phenotype is clinically characterized by serum eosinophilia, atopy, extensive disease, and poor prognosis compared to the neutrophilic and the noneosinophilic nonneutrophilic groups. We clearly demonstrated that all three subgroups of CRSwNP had characteristic differences in those inflammatory markers, which allows for pathophysiologically meaningful differentiations with likely therapeutic consequences.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 123:E1–E9, 2013
Pharmacoeconomics of Cyclamen europaeum in the management of acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mullol Joaquim , Crespo Carlos , Carré Carme , Brosa Max 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo carry out a pharmacoeconomic analysis of Cyclamen europaeum (CE) in the management of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in Spain using data from the PROSINUS (PROspective epidemiological study of the diagnosis and treatment of acute rhinoSINUSitis) study.Study DesignThis was a prospective observational study to compare the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness between therapies including CE versus other therapies in the management of ARS.MethodsThe study was carried out as a secondary analysis of the PROSINUS study, combining healthcare resource use, productivity loses, and health outcomes from the observational study, with costs representative of the Spanish Health System.ResultsCE given as monotherapy appears to be more effective (cure rate) than other monotherapies (15.3% higher, P < .05) and combination (10.3% higher, P < .05) therapies. The addition of CE to other single‐drug or combination therapies showed a statistically significant improvement in terms of cure rates when adding CE to two‐drug combinations (93.9% vs. 76.5%; P < .05) and no significant effect when added to combinations of three or more drugs (81.1% vs. 79.8; nonsignificant). CE‐based therapies generally showed lower indirect costs, although only the comparison of CE alone versus other monotherapies, with a net cost savings of €101 per patient, reached statistical significance (€331 vs. €432, P < .05). In addition, CE‐based therapies show lower cost per cured patient in all comparisons, except when CE was used in combination with three or more other drugs.ConclusionsThe use of CE (Nasodren®) may be associated to better clinical outcomes at no additional cost for the healthcare system with respect to treatments commonly used for ARS in clinical practice.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 123:2620–2625, 2013