bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the New Classification of Hepatic Adenomas: Clinical, Molecular, and Pathologic Characteristics
Authors: Dhingra Sadhna , Fiel M. Isabel 
Published: July 2014

Context.—Hepatic adenoma is an uncommon, benign, hepatic neoplasm that typically occurs in women of child-bearing age, often with a history of long-term use of oral contraceptive drugs. This is usually detected as an incidental mass lesion in a noncirrhotic liver during imaging studies. Pathologic evaluation by needle core biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Molecular studies have revealed that hepatic adenomas involve unique molecular pathways that are distinct from hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on these studies, a French collaborative group has recently proposed a molecular-pathologic classification for hepatic adenomas. In addition, advances in molecular studies have led to reclassification of the “telangiectatic variant of focal nodular hyperplasia” as “hepatic adenoma, inflammatory subtype.”Objective.—To review the proposed, new classification of hepatic adenoma and the changes in diagnostic workup in light of the above-mentioned developments.Data sources.—Review of published literature and illustrations from clinical case material.Conclusions.—Definitive diagnosis of liver mass lesion on needle core biopsies has a decisive role in clinical management. With the advent of the new classification of hepatic adenomas and its prognostic implications, it is vital for pathologists to be aware of the morphologic features seen in different subtypes and the available diagnostic tools, such as immunohistochemistry, to help identify the correct subtype.
Frequency Monitoring of Hemoglobin A1c, Low-Density Lipoprotein, and Urine Protein Laboratory Testing: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study
Authors: Perrotta Peter L. , Jones Ryan , Souers Rhona J. , Darcy Teresa P. , Howanitz Peter J. 
Published: July 2014

Context.—Ensuring laboratory tests are performed at intervals consistent with established, evidence-based guidelines in diabetic patients is an important aspect of laboratory utilization.Objectives.—To measure how frequently diabetes mellitus patients are tested for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein, and urine protein and to determine whether the frequencies with which these analytes are tested are consistent with recognized guidelines.Design.—Participants prospectively identified up to 40 patients with a current HbA1c result and at least 2 previous measurements within the past 24 months. For each patient identified with at least 3 HbA1c measurements during a 24-month period, participants also determined the number of low-density lipoprotein and spot or random urine protein tests that were performed during those 24 months.Results.—Participants from 49 institutions submitted a total of 1915 cases that met the study criteria of at least 3 HbA1c test results within the past 24 months. Approximately 95% of patients had 8 or fewer HbA1c tests in the past 24 months; 79% of patients with at least 3 HbA1c tests had at least 2 low-density lipoprotein tests and 27% had at least 2 urine protein tests reported during the 24-month study period.Conclusion.—Participating laboratories were generally successful in documenting appropriate utilization of HbA1c testing in diabetes mellitus monitoring, but had more difficulty documenting that diabetes mellitus patients had annual testing for low-density lipoprotein and urine protein.
Polyclonal Napsin A Expression: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall in Distinguishing Primary From Metastatic Mucinous Tumors in the Lung
Authors: Heymann Jonas J. , Hoda Rana S. , Scognamiglio Theresa 
Published: July 2014

Context.—Napsin A is a useful marker for distinguishing primary from metastatic lung tumors. Mucinous lung tumors may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic mucinous tumors.
Objectives.—To evaluate napsin A expression in lung and extrapulmonary mucinous tumors on both histology and cytology specimens and to determine napsin A's utility in differentiating primary from metastatic mucinous tumors.
Design.—Napsin A immunohistochemistry was performed using a rabbit polyclonal antibody on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical and fine-needle aspiration biopsy–derived, paraffin-embedded cell block specimens. Positive expression was defined as coarse, granular, cytoplasmic staining in 10% or more of tumor cells.
Results.—Sixteen of 32 mucinous lung tumors (50%) and 16 of 33 extrapulmonary mucinous tumors (48%), including 15 of 18 of gastrointestinal origin (83%), expressed napsin A. Positivity was concordant between surgical and cell block specimens in 5 of 9 cases (56%). In 3 of 4 discordant cases, napsin A expression was detected on the surgical specimen but not the cell block. The cell block material in these cases was paucicellular.
Conclusions.—Napsin A shows decreased sensitivity and specificity for mucinous lung tumors and is unlikely to be reliable as a sole immunohistochemical marker of lung origin for such tumors (52% specificity in this study). The high frequency of napsin A expression in gastrointestinal mucinous tumors makes it particularly unreliable in distinguishing metastatic gastrointestinal from primary lung mucinous tumors. However, napsin A expression analysis may facilitate distinguishing mucinous tumors of pulmonary from those of nongastrointestinal origin. Interpretation of napsin A staining may be problematic in mucinous tumor specimens of low cellularity such as cell blocks.
The Impact of Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Diabetes Mellitus on Wound-Healing Complications and Infection After Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Humphers Jon M. , Shibuya Naohiro , Fluhman Benjamin L. , Jupiter Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Background
The relationship between hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes after surgery has been widely documented. Long-term glucose control has been recognized as a risk factor for postoperative complications. In the foot and ankle literature, long-term glycemic control as a potential perioperative risk factor is not well studied. Our goal was to investigate whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was independently associated with postoperative complications in a retrospective cohort study.

Methods
Three hundred twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study to assess risk factors associated with postoperative foot and ankle surgery complications.

Results
Bivariate analyses showed that HbA1c level and having at least one comorbidity were associated with postoperative infections. However, after adjusting for other covariates, the only significant factor was HbA1c level, with each increment of 1% increasing the odds of infection by a factor of 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–1.99). For postoperative wound-healing complications, bivariate analyses showed that body mass index, having at least one comorbidity, and HbA1c level were significant factors. After adjusting for other covariates, the only significant factors for developing postoperative wound complications were having at least one comorbidity (odds ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.22–3.37) and HbA1c level (each 1% increment) (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.53).

Conclusions
In this retrospective study, HbA1c level had the strongest association with postoperative foot and ankle surgery complications in patients with diabetes.
Molecular Determination of Mixed Infections of Dermatophytes and Nondermatophyte Molds in Individuals with Onychomycosis
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Nakrieko Kerry-Ann 
Published: July 2014

Background
Reports of mixed infections with nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and dermatophytes in onychomycosis are rare, possibly owing to the inhibition of NDM growth during traditional culture. We sought to determine the prevalence of mixed infections in onychomycosis using molecular identification.

Methods
Molecular analyses were used to identify infecting organisms directly from at least two serial great toenail samples from each of the 44 patients.

Results
Mixed infections were present in 41% of the patients (18 of 44). A single coinfecting NDM was the most common mixed infection and was detected in 34% of patients with onychomycosis (15 of 44), with Fusarium oxysporum present in 14% (6 of 44), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in 9% (4 of 44), Acremonium spp in 2% (1 of 44), Aspergillus spp in 4.5% (2 of 44), and Scytalidium spp in 4.5% (2 of 44). Mixed infections with two NDMs were found in 7% of patients (3 of 44).

Conclusions
Mixed onychomycosis infections may be more prevalent than previously reported.
Medial Longitudinal Arch Mechanics Before and After a 45-Minute Run
Authors: Boyer Elizabeth R. , Ward Erin D. , Derrick Timothy R. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundMedial longitudinal arch integrity after prolonged running has yet to be well documented. We sought to quantify changes in medial longitudinal arch kinematics before and after a 45-min run in healthy recreational runners.MethodsThirty runners performed barefoot seated, standing, and running trials before and after a 45-min shod treadmill run. Navicular displacement, arch lengthening, and the arch height index were used to quantify arch deformation, and the arch rigidity index was used to quantify arch stiffness.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in mean (95% confidence interval) values for navicular displacement (5.6 mm [4.7–6.4 mm]), arch lengthening (3.2 mm [2.6–3.9 mm]), change in arch height index (0.015 [0.012–0.018]), or arch rigidity index (0.95 [0.94–0.96]) after the 45-min run (all multivariate analyses of variance P ≥ .065).ConclusionsBecause there were no statistically significant changes in arch deformation or rigidity, the structures of a healthy, intact medial longitudinal arch are capable of either adapting to cyclical loading or withstanding a 45-min run without compromise.
Podiatric Physicians' Perspectives on Their Role in Promoting Self-Care in High-Risk Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Tinloy Jennifer , Kaul Shailja , Ulbrecht Jan , Schaefer Eric , Gabbay Robert A. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundFoot self-care is key in preventing morbidity in high-risk diabetic patients. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an approach to encourage behavior change by patients that can be used in medical settings. The goal was to explore how podiatric physicians promote self-care in such patients and whether they use MI techniques.MethodsWe conducted a 19-question online survey of US-based practicing podiatric physicians. Most answers were on a 5-point scale. The MI index was the sum of answers to five relevant questions.ResultsOf 843 podiatric physicians, 86% considered foot self-care to be very important for high-risk diabetic patients, and 90% felt that it was their role to discuss foot self-care with them; 49% felt that they had training and were successful in promoting behavior change, but most were definitely (38%) or possibly (46%) interested in learning more. Only 24% of respondents scored at least 15 of 20 on the MI index. Higher MI scores were associated with more face time and more time discussing foot self-care but were not related to podiatric physicians' age, sex, geographic location, percentage of time in surgery, or years in practice. Reported barriers to counseling were lack of reimbursed time and poor patient engagement.ConclusionsMost podiatric physicians view self-care behavior among high-risk diabetic patients and their role in promoting it as very important; most feel already proficient, but only a few demonstrate MI skills; most are willing to learn more. Success in behavioral counseling, such as MI, is likely to require more time and may be encouraged by a move from fee-for-service to outcome-based reimbursement.
Needling Versus Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Pedal Warts
Authors: Cunningham Daniel J. , Brimage Jessica T. , Naraghi Reza N. , Bower Virginia M. 
Published: July 2014

Background
We hypothesized that needling of a pedal wart creates local inflammation and a subsequent cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) against human papillomavirus. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether needling to induce a CMIR against human papillomavirus is an effective treatment for pedal warts compared with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. A secondary objective was to investigate whether the CMIR induced by needling is effective against satellite pedal warts.

Methods
Eligible patients with pedal warts were randomly allocated to receive either needling or liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Only the primary pedal wart was treated during the study. Follow-up was 12 weeks, with outcome assessments made independently under blinded circumstances.

Results
Of 37 patients enrolled in the study, 18 were allocated to receive needling and 19 to receive liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Regression of the primary pedal wart occurred in 64.7% of the needling group (11 of 17) and in 6.2% of the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group (1 of 16) (P =  .001). No significant relationship was found between needling of the primary pedal wart and regression of satellite pedal warts (P = .615) or complete pedal wart regression (P = .175). There was no significant difference in pain, satisfaction, or cosmesis between the two groups.

Conclusions
The regression rate of the primary pedal wart was significantly higher in the needling group compared with the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group.
Structure of the Bighorn Mountain region, Wyoming, from teleseismic receiver function analysis: Implications for the kinematics of Laramide shortening
Authors: Yeck William L. , Sheehan Anne F. , Anderson Megan L. , Erslev Eric A. , Miller Kate C. , Siddoway Christine S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBasement‐cored uplifts are observed globally and remain an enigmatic feature of plate tectonics due to the fact that, in many cases, they occur distant from a plate boundary. The Laramide Bighorn Arch in Wyoming is an archetypal basement‐involved foreland arch and provides an excellent setting for the investigation of such structures. Previous studies proposed diverse arch formation models; each of which predicts a unique crustal geometry. We use high‐resolution crustal imaging from teleseismic P wave receiver functions to test these models. We obtained our data from 239 three‐component seismometers deployed as part of the Bighorns Arch Seismic Experiment as well as coeval regional Transportable Array stations. A sequential, two‐layer thickness VP/VS (H‐κ) stacking algorithm constrains sediment and crustal structure. Receiver function Common Conversion Point stacking results in 2‐D transect images across the arch. Our results define an upwarp of the crust beneath the central and northern arch that extends into the Powder River Basin, north‐northeast of the arch. The lack of Moho‐cutting faults or a Moho geometry mirroring the arch rules out most shortening models except a crustal detachment model where shortening was accomplished by fault‐propagation folding on a thrust splay ramping off a midcrustal detachment fault. The mismatch between gentle, symmetric Moho and asymmetric Laramide arch geometries and their trends suggests a pre‐Laramide origin for at least a part of the Moho high. This high, perhaps in combination with a lesser degree of Laramide lithospheric buckling, may have caused emergent Laramide thrusting and thus nucleated the Bighorn Arch. Our results suggest that midcrustal detachment can form basement‐involved foreland arches and suggest the hypothesis that preexisting undulations in the Moho may have nucleated individual arches.
Windsock memory COnditioned RAM (CO‐RAM) pressure effect: Forced reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Vörös Z. , Facskó G. , Khodachenko M. , Honkonen I. , Janhunen P. , Palmroth M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMagnetic reconnection (MR) is a key physical concept explaining the addition of magnetic flux to the magnetotail and closed flux lines back‐motion to the dayside magnetosphere. This scenario elaborated by Dungey (1963) can explain many aspects of solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction processes, including substorms. However, neither the Dungey model nor its numerous modifications were able to explain fully the onset conditions for MR in the tail. In this paper, we introduce new onset conditions for forced MR in the tail. We call our scenario the “windsock memory conditioned ram pressure effect.” Our nonflux transfer‐associated forcing is introduced by a combination of the large‐scale windsock motions exhibiting memory effects and solar wind dynamic pressure actions on the nightside magnetopause during northward oriented interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Using global MHD Grand Unified Magnetosphere Ionosphere Coupling Simulation version 4 simulation results, upstream data from Wind, magnetosheath data from Cluster 1 and distant tail data from the two‐probe Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun mission, we show that the simultaneous occurrence of vertical windsock motions of the magnetotail and enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure introduces strong nightside disturbances, including enhanced electric fields and persistent vertical cross‐tail shear flows. These perturbations, associated with a stream interaction region in the solar wind, drive MR in the tail during episodes of northward oriented interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We detect MR indirectly, observing plasmoids in the tail and ground‐based signatures of earthward moving fast flows. We also consider the application to solar system planets and close‐in exoplanets, where the proposed scenario can elucidate some new aspects of solar/stellar wind‐magnetosphere interactions.
Development of a remotely sensing seasonal vegetation‐based Palmer Drought Severity Index and its application of global drought monitoring over 1982–2011
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Shao‐Qiang , Lu Hou‐Quan , Yu Qin , Zhu Zai‐Chun , Myneni Ranga B. , Liu Qiang , Shugart Herman H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVegetation effects are currently disregarded in Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and the sensitivity of PDSI to the choice of potential evaporation (EP) parameterization is often a concern. We developed a revised self‐calibrating PDSI model that replaces EP with leaf area index‐based total evapotranspiration (ARTS E0). It also included a simple snowmelt module. Using a unique satellite leaf area index data set and climate data, we calculated and compared ARTS E0, three other types of EP (i.e., Thornthwaite EP_Th, Allen EP_Al, and Penman‐Monteith EP_PM), and corresponding PDSI values (i.e., PDSI_ARTS, PDSI_Th, PDSI_Al, and PDSI_PM) for the period 1982–2011. The results of PDSI_ARTS, PDSI_Al, and PDSI_PM show that global land became wetter mainly due to increased precipitation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect for the period, which confirms the ongoing intensification of global hydrologic cycle with global temperature increase. However, only PDSI_Th gave a trend of global drying, which confirms that PDSI_Th overestimates the global drying in response to global warming; i.e., PDSI values are sensitive to the parameterizations for Ep. Thus, ARTS E0, EP_Al, and EP_PM are preferred to EP_Th in global drought monitoring. In short, global warming affects global drought condition in two opposite ways. One is to contribute to the increases of EP and hence drought; the other is to increase global precipitation that contributes to global wetting. These results suggest that precipitation trend and its interaction with global warming and ENSO should be given much attention to correctly quantify past and future trends of drought.
Spatial and diurnal below canopy evaporation in a desert vineyard: Measurements and modeling
Authors: Kool D. , Ben‐Gal A. , Agam N. , Šimůnek J. , Heitman J. L. , Sauer T. J. , Lazarovitch N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEvaporation from the soil surface (E) can be a significant source of water loss in arid areas. In sparsely vegetated systems, E is expected to be a function of soil, climate, irrigation regime, precipitation patterns, and plant canopy development and will therefore change dynamically at both daily and seasonal time scales. The objectives of this research were to quantify E in an isolated, drip‐irrigated vineyard in an arid environment and to simulate below canopy E using the HYDRUS (2‐D/3‐D) model. Specific focus was on variations of E both temporally and spatially across the inter‐row. Continuous above canopy measurements, made in a commercial vineyard, included evapotranspiration, solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed and direction. Short‐term intensive measurements below the canopy included actual and potential E and solar radiation along transects between adjacent vine‐rows. Potential and actual E below the canopy were highly variable, both diurnally and with distance from the vine‐row, as a result of shading and distinct wetted areas typical to drip irrigation. While the magnitude of actual E was mostly determined by soil water content, diurnal patterns depended strongly on position relative to the vine‐row due to variable shading patterns. HYDRUS (2‐D/3‐D) successfully simulated the magnitude, diurnal patterns, and spatial distribution of E, including expected deviations as a result of variability in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Adaptive recurrent Chebyshev neural network control for PM synchronous motor servo‐drive electric scooter with V‐belt continuously variable transmission
Authors: Lin Chih‐Hong 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBecause of unknown nonlinearity and time‐varying characteristics of electric scooter with V‐belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) driven by permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), its accurate dynamic model is difficult to establish for the design of the linear controller in whole system. In order to conquer this difficulty and raise robustness, an adaptive recurrent Chebyshev neural network (NN) control system is proposed to control for PMSM servo‐drive electric scooter with V‐belt CVT under lumped nonlinear external disturbances in this study. The adaptive recurrent Chebyshev NN control system consists of a recurrent Chebyshev NN control and a compensated control with estimation law. In addition, the online parameters tuning methodology of the recurrent Chebyshev NN and the estimation law of the compensated controller can be derived by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Moreover, the two optimal learning rates of the recurrent Chebyshev NN based on a discrete‐type Lyapunov function are proposed to guarantee the convergence of tracking error. Finally, comparative studies are demonstrated by experimental results in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear control for uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control directions using less or no parameter estimates
Authors: Zhang Zhengqiang , Shen Hao , Zhou Shigui , Ma Jianping 
Published: July 2014

SummaryFor the parametric strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown virtual control coefficients and unknown control directions, the control schemes presented in the existing literature have the disadvantage of overparametrization. In this paper, a novel systematic design procedure is developed to solve the overparametrization problem. Two nonlinear controllers are designed by combining the backstepping technique and the Nussbaum gain approach. A main advantage of the proposed controllers is that they contain less or no parameter estimates that need to be updated online. In the first scheme, the number of the estimated parameters is equal to the dimension of the controlled system. In the second scheme, no parameter estimates are required. In both of the control schemes, the boundedness of all the closed‐loop signal is guaranteed, and the asymptotic convergence of the system states is achieved. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.