bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pseudomonas and Bacillus Bacterial Antagonists for Biological Control of Cotton Verticillium Wilt Disease
Authors: Mansoori Mahdiyeh , Heydari Asghar , Hassanzadeh Nader , Rezaee Saeed , Naraghi Laleh 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Verticillium wilt is considered the most important disease of cotton in the world, including Iran. Cultural practices and the use of resistant varieties are the most common strategies used to control Verticillium wilt of cotton. These strategies are not always available or effective. In recent years, biological control using fungal and bacterial antagonists, has been applied to control some cotton diseases including damping-off. In this study, we investigated the possibility of biological control of Verticillium wilt of cotton using bacterial antagonists. Suspension of eight bacterial strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus spp. isolated from different rhizospheric soils and plant roots in the Iranian cotton fields, were prepared with a concentration of 108 cfu/ml. Ten cotton seeds (cv Varamin) were then coated with each bacterial suspension and were planted in soil pre-inoculated with Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia. The efficacy of bacterial antagonists in reducing wilt disease was evaluated by determination of the disease index in different treatments. The results indicated that most isolates were effective in reducing disease (compared to the untreated control) 90 days after sowing. Isolates B5, B6, B2, B7, and B3 were the most effective, respectively, in reducing wilt index. In contrast, isolates B1, B4, and B8 did not significantly reduce the disease. In general, P. fluorescens isolates were more effective than Bacillus isolates. This study suggests that bacterial antagonists might be potential biological control agents of cotton.
Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Radicis-Lycopersici – the Cause of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato Cultivation
Authors: Szczechura Wojciech , Staniaszek Mirosława , Habdas Hanna 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) leading to fusarium crown and root rot is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases of tomatoes occurring in greenhouse and field crops. Physiological races of FORL were not defined but nine vegetative compatibility groups (VGCs) were identified. Infection followed by wounds and natural holes and infection is not systemic. The optimum soil temperature for pathogen development is 18°C. Infection may cause plants to wilt and die completely or infection may lower fruit quality. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici has the ability to produce a specific enzyme, tomatinase, which breaks down α-tomatine and protects the pathogen. In contrast tomato also has a defence system which consists of the enzymes chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase. Tomato resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is determined by a single dominant gene Frl, localized on the long arm of chromosome 9. It was introduced to cultivars from Licopersicum peruvianum (L.) Mill.
Immunohistochemical characterization of neurons and neuronal processes in the dorsal vagal nucleus of the pig
Authors: Gańko M. , Rychlik A. , Całka J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The vagus nerve is responsible for efferent and afferent innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. The efferent fibres originate from neurons located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX) and control mainly the gastric motor and secretory function.
The main goal of our study was to examine expression of ChAT, SP, LENK, NOS and CART in the neuronal matrix of the porcine DMX.
Double-labeling immunofluorescence revealed plenty of ChAT-IR neuronal cell bodies and fibres distributed throughout the nuclear matrix. Between the cholinergic somata and processes numerous SP-, LENK- and CART-IR neuronal protrusions forming dense networks were identified. While net of the NOS-IR fibres presented moderate density, the SP- and LENK-IR processes were often observed to form a basket-like structure closely surrounding the cholinergic parasympathetic neurons. Individual CART-IR basket-like formations were also encountered. A few double labeled ChAT-/NOS-IR perikarya in the rostral segment of the nucleus were also found.
We confirm expression of studied antigens in the porcine DMX and provide morphological foundations for a possible regulatory role of SP, LENK, NOS and CART in porcine vago-visceral signaling.
Recovery ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine
Authors: Mikulikova I. , Modra H. , Blahova J. , Kruzikova´ K. , Marsalek P. , Bedanova I. , Svobodova Z. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Effects of a high terbuthylazine concentration (3.3 mg/l) on Cyprinus carpio were studied using a commercial herbicide formulation Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine 500 g/l). The fish were exposed to the pesticide for 24 h and allowed to recover for 6 days. Biometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as histopathological changes in selected tissues were assessed on day 1 and 7. After a 24-h exposure, there were significant alterations found in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as in the plasma concentrations of glucose, natrium, chlorides, calcium and phosphorus. Hepatosomatic index, plasma albumin and lactate reflected the treatment with a delay. Ion levels and ALT were found to be restored after a 6-day recovery period, which was too short for AST activity and glucose to diminish to the control levels. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the gills of the exposed fish, however, the changes were not detected after a 6-day recovery period. The study shows high regeneration potential of the fish.
The in vitro effect of commercially available noble metal nanocolloids on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocyte and splenocyte activity
Authors: Małaczewska J. , Siwicki A.K. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The growing popularity of nanotechnology in the past decade has increased nanomaterial concentrations in the environment and the risk of their toxicity for aquatic organisms. Metal nanoparticles, which are easily absorbed and accumulated by fish, are probably able to interact directly with their immunocompetent cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of commercially available silver, gold and copper nanocolloids on the rainbow trout leukocyte and splenocyte activity. At high concentrations, all of the nanocolloids studied had adverse effects on the proliferative response of trout lymphocytes, and the most toxic of them, silver, decreased also the respiratory burst activity of splenocytes. Low concentrations of silver nanocolloid, however, had a stimulating effect on the lymhocyte proliferation.
The antioxidant defence mechanisms of parasite and host after chronic Hymenolepis diminuta infestation of the rat
Authors: Czeczot H. , Skrzycki M. , Majewska-Wierzbicka M. , Podsiad M. , Salamatin R. , Grytner-Zięcina B. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine antioxidant defence mechanisms in the rat and Hymenolepis diminuta after long-term infestation. We determined levels of oxidative stress markers, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the rat small intestine and in particular parts of H. diminuta. Observed changes in antioxidant enzymes activity in H. diminuta and the rat intestine indicate the defence against parasitic infestation and probably allowed parasite to adapt and live in oxidative stress.
Most commonly used sequences and clinical protocols for brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging allowing better identification of pathological changes in dogs
Authors: Zhalniarovich Y. , Adamiak Z. , Pomianowski A. , Jaskólska M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the brain and spine. Quality of the received images depends on many technical factors. The most significant factors are: positioning the patient, proper coil selection, selection of appropriate sequences and image planes. The present contrast between different tissues provides an opportunity to diagnose various lesions. In many clinics magnetic resonance imaging has replaced myelography because of its noninvasive modality and because it provides excellent anatomic detail. There are many different combinations of sequences possible for spinal and brain MR imaging. Most frequently used are: T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE), T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin echo, Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE), high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) sequences, fat-suppressing short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging reveals neurologic lesions which were previously hard to diagnose antemortem.
Autophagy in physiological and pathological processes – selected aspects
Authors: Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. , Tokarz-Deptuła B. , Deptuła W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper describes a model of cell death, called autophagy, one among other typical and atypical processes of cell death. This phenomenon is present in the organism, from conception until death, and is conditioned by many genes of ATG family, or mTOR kinase and specific proteins, like BNIP3. This process plays a very important role not only in physiological functions of the organism but also in pathological, such as Alzheimer or Huntington disease, as well as diseases caused by viruses.
Proper use of Quinolones for canine colitis ambulatory treatment: literature review and REQUEST guidelines
Authors: Lechowski R. , Cotard J.P. , Boulouis H.J. , Kietzman M. , Farca A.M. , Fontaine J. , Caney S. , Dupree G. ,   Request Group
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The literature analysed by REQUEST (REassesing QUinolone European STandard) using inclusion and exclusion criteria allows to make the conclusion that the proper use of fluoroquinolones (FQ) in canine colitis requires rigorously performed qualification to specific antimicrobial treatment. An infectious agent responsive to FQ therapy plays an integral role in the clinical manifestation of canine colitis, especially histiocytic ulcerative colitis (HUC) in young Boxer dogs. This supports the use of FQ in these cases. The Request guidelines for proper use of FQ in canine colitis is established, according to the available literature data.
Comparison of continuous local anaesthetic and systemic pain treatment after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast carcinoma patients – a prospective randomized study
Authors: Strazisar Branka , Besic Nikola 
Published: May 2013

Background.Acute pain after axillary lymphadenectomy is often related mainly to axillary surgery. The aim of the prospective randomized study was to find out if continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic reduces postoperative pain, consumption of opioids and the incidence of chronic pain compared to the standard intravenous piritramide analgesia after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast carcinoma patients.Methods.Altogether 60 patients were enrolled in the prospective randomized study; half in wound infusion of local anaesthetic and half in the standard (piritramide) group. Results. In the recovery room and on the first day after surgical procedure, the wound infusion of local anaesthetic group reported less acute and chronic pain, a lower consumption of piritramide and metoclopramide, but their alertness after the surgical procedure was higher compared to the standard group.Conclusions.After axillary lymphadenectomy in breast carcinoma patients, wound infusion of local anaesthetic reduces acute pain and enables reduced opioid consumption, resulting in less postoperative sedation and a reduced need for antiemetic drugs. After wound infusion of local anaesthetic there is a statistical trend for reduction of chronic pain.
The usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT-mammography for preoperative staging of breast cancer: comparison with conventional PET/CT and MR-mammography
Authors: Moon Eun-Ha , Lim Seok Tae , Han Yeon-Hee , Jeong Young Jin , Kang Yun-Hee , Jeong Hwan-Jeong , Sohn Myung-Hee 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground. The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of an integrated Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) PET/CT-mammography (mammo-PET/CT) with conventional torso PET/CT (supine-PET/CT) and MR-mammography for initial assessment of breast cancer patients.Patients and methods. Forty women (52.0 ± 12.0 years) with breast cancer who underwent supine-PET/CT, mammo- PET/CT, and MR-mammography from April 2009 to August 2009 were enrolled in the study. We compared the size of the tumour, tumour to chest wall distance, tumour to skin distance, volume of axillary fossa, and number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes between supine-PET/CT and mammo-PET/CT. Next, we assessed the difference of focality of primary breast tumour and tumour size in mammo-PET/CT and MR-mammography. Histopathologic findings served as the standard of reference.Results. In the comparison between supine-PET/CT and mammo-PET/CT, significant differences were found in the tumour size (supine-PET/CT: 1.3 ± 0.6 cm, mammo-PET/CT: 1.5 ± 0.6 cm, p < 0.001), tumour to thoracic wall distance (1.8 ± 0.9 cm, 2.2 ± 2.1 cm, p < 0.001), and tumour to skin distance (1.5 ± 0.8 cm, 2.1 ± 1.4 cm, p < 0.001). The volume of axillary fossa was significantly wider in mammo-PET/CT than supine-PET/CT (21.7 ± 8.7 cm3vs. 23.4 ± 10.4 cm3, p = 0.03). Mammo-PET/CT provided more correct definition of the T-stage of the primary tumour than did supine-PET/ CT (72.5% vs. 67.5%). No significant difference was found in the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Compared with MR-mammography, mammo-PET/CT provided more correct classification of the focality of lesion than did MR-mammography (95% vs. 90%). In the T-stage, 72.5% of cases with mammo-PET/CT and 70% of cases with MRmammography showed correspondence with pathologic results.Conclusions. Mammo-PET/CT provided more correct definition of the T-stage and evaluation of axillary fossa may also be delineated more clearly than with supine-PET/CT. The initial assessment of mammo-PET/CT would be more useful than MR-mammography because the mammo-PET/CT indicates similar accuracy with MR-mammography for decision of T-stage of primary breast tumour and more correct than MR-mammography for defining focality of lesion.
Asset Management of the Public Sector in Poland
Authors: Rymarzak Małgorzata , Trojanowski Dariusz 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Public sector bodies own diverse, valuable but capital-intensive assets, which require the following of all the changes taking place in their environment and their trends (conducting market analyses), as well as the anticipation of future effects of present-day actions (decisions). It seems, however, that many public bodies/entities make decisions according to current needs, hardly ever conducting market analyses or market valuation of their assets.
Today, both theory and practice offer a variety of methods - instruments supporting the process of decision-making concerning the creation of a rational structure of real property, sources of its financing, evaluation of the effectiveness of using individual fixed assets and their impact on the economic situation of each body/entity.
The purpose of this paper is to present the nature and scale of the problem of asset management, as well as the main elements of the process of the management of real property owned by public entities, based on a case study of the biggest Polish cities.
At first, we will outline the scale of the problem, including the gross value of buildings and structures and capital expenditures of the public sector. Then, we will present the definition of asset management and classification of real property as tools and conditions for effective asset management, as well as the results of empirical research conducted with officials responsible for property management in Poland's six largest cities.
Developers’ Activity in Selected Cities of Poland – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Antczak Agata 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Developers’ activity in the Polish residential property market has increased considerably in the last 20 years. Developers are today right behind people building homes for themselves as the major suppliers of housing stock. Their activity shows strong spatial variations, both regarding the numbers and types of developers operating in particular markets, as well as the numbers and characteristics of their projects, such as the type of buildings, the average number of residential units per development project, an average unit size expressed in m² or as an average number of rooms, average price, the number of floors, etc. The results of the analysis of developers’ activity in local markets may provide an objective basis for establishing why the markets differ in that respect and what factors determine the expansion of developers’ activity in different regions of the country.
The purpose of this article is to characterize developers’ activity in five Polish cities and to determine how much the developers differ in their characteristics using quantitative methods and the results of author’s earlier studies.
Accidents are caused, they do not happen
Authors: Chand Meena Mahesh , Sachedeva Nidhi , Rani Mukta , Rani Yashoda 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The head, being the most vulnerable part of human body, is the most commonly injured body part in accidents, especially those involving road traffic. In an unusual case, the deceased succumbed to internal injuries of the brain that resulted from the neck being constricted with the loose end of a dupatta. The woman was pillion riding a motorbike when the loose end of the dupatta got entangled in the rear wheel of the motorbike. As a result, her neck was constricted by the dupatta and wentunnoticed. This paper comments on the safety of wearing the traditional style dressing of Indian women while riding on two wheeled vehicles. Additionally, this paper suggests it be mandatory to wear helmets for all pillion riders in order to prevent such mishaps in future.
Role of Infiltration and Saturation Excess in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling in Small Catchments
Authors: Strouhal Luděk , David Václav 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the essential differences in small catchment model behaviour depending on the assumed runoff procedure, i.e. infiltration or saturation excess. It suggests an appropriate model structure and a way to obtain the required boundary conditions. In order to design the flood mitigation measures in small catchments, there is a need of reliable prediction of their behaviour. Long time series of data are rather rare here and the simple models are usually not capable to reflect all the necessary variables and their distribution. However, more comprehensive models are usually very demanding with respect to input data. A model of Bykovicky stream catchment (6.3 km2) was built in the physically based distributed model GSSHA. Out of two years of rainfall-runoff data several events were used for model calibration. Gradually the model was changed in order to explain observed data better. First modelling outcomes suggested a significant influence of saturation excess on flood hydrographs in most of the scenarios. In order to reflect this, the model needs to contain groundwater related processes, but the data on groundwater table position was not available. Therefore a simple method how to obtain it was proposed and tested. The paper discusses the achievements of this modelling experiment.
The Effect of Cultivar and Biostimulant Treatment on the Carrot Yield and its Quality
Authors: Grabowska Aneta , Kunicki Edward , Sękara Agnieszka , Kalisz Andrzej , Wojciechowska Renata 
Published: May 2013

Summary
Modifications in growing techniques can affect the yield and nutritional quality of various cultivated plants. Among them, the use of biostimulants is environmental friendly method of stimulating crop productivity, stress resistance, and affecting yield or chemical composition of the plants. The aim of the investigation was determining of the effect of biostimulant treatment on yield and its quality of carrot grown for summer harvest. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2011 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, south Poland. Two experimental factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: Nandrin F1 and Napoli F1 (2) dose of Aminoplant (foliar application): 1.5 and 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 and control (without Aminoplant). Total and marketable yield, root length, its diameter, leaf mass and leaf : root mass ratio were assessed. The dry matter, soluble sugar, carotenoids and nitrate ions contents were analyzed as main determinants of carrot nutritional quality.
Aminoplant influenced not only carrot productivity, but mainly chemical composition of the roots. The present results also suggest that carrot reaction to biostimulant treatment was depended on a cultivar more than on environmental conditions in particular growing seasons. The significant effect of Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1 on the yield of roots and leaf rosette mass of ‘Nandrin F1’ appeared only in the first year of the experiment. Spraying with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 significantly increased the soluble sugars content in carrot roots of both cultivars but only in 2011. Dry matter content was also affected by biostimulant treatment mainly for ‘Napoli F1’, which showed the lowest dry matter content when sprayed with Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1. In 2010 control plants contained the greater amount of carotenoids, while in next year roots of plants treated with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 had more these compounds. The significant effect of Aminoplant on nitrates content in carrot roots was observed but were not repeatable in the experimental years, so different climatic conditions modified carrot reaction on biostimulant spraying.
Recent dynamics in the Portuguese housing market as compared with the European Union
Authors: Matos Fátima Loureiro De 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.The closing years of the 20th century witnessed profound changes in the European housing market, characterised by an increase in owner-occupied housing; instability of house prices (leading to a serious crisis in some regions, in light of a fall in demand); a change in people’s attitude to the housing market, involving a rise in the importance of location, the quality of materials and spaces, environmental sustainability, and architectural and urban innovation.The European Union does not have a common housing policy, which it believes is the responsibility of Member-States. However, it is recognised that the problems related to the socio-urban inclusion of low-income individuals do have an impact on Community policies.Because we are in the midst of a transformation, it is difficult to talk today about the dynamics and policies of housing, the functioning of markets, and thereby about the ways in which public administrations are facing the current crisis of real estate overproduction.This article aims at analysing the dynamics of the housing market in Portugal as compared with other European countries, highlighting the characteristics of demand and supply and the main changes recorded in the last few years.