bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, on C‐peptide kinetics
Authors: Polidori David , Sha Sue , Heise Tim , Natarajan Jaya , Artis Eunice , Wang Shean‐Sheng , Vaccaro Nicole , Rothenberg Paul , Stirban Alin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCanagliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, improves indices of β‐cell function estimated based on circulating C‐peptide and glucose concentrations (e.g., Homeostasis Model Assessment [HOMA2‐%B], meal tolerance test‐based indices). However, use of these β‐cell function indices assumes C‐peptide kinetics are not altered by canagliflozin. This 2‐period crossover study assessed the effect of a single canagliflozin 300‐mg dose on C‐peptide kinetics in 10 healthy participants. Two hours after receiving canagliflozin or placebo, participants received intravenous somatostatin infusion to suppress endogenous C‐peptide secretion and 1 hour later received a bolus injection of synthetic human C‐peptide 150 µg. Serum C‐peptide was measured over 3 hours and urinary glucose and C‐peptide excretion were measured. C‐peptide kinetic parameters, including total clearance (CLtotal) and renal clearance (CLrenal), were calculated. Serum C‐peptide profiles were similar following canagliflozin or placebo treatment. C‐peptide CLtotal was slightly lower with canagliflozin versus placebo (mean (SD) of 190 (37) vs. 197 (30) mL/min; canagliflozin/placebo ratio [90% CI] = 96.1% [93.0%; 99.3%]). Other kinetic parameters, including CLrenal, were generally similar between treatments. Results indicate canagliflozin 300 mg does not meaningfully alter C‐peptide clearance or other kinetic parameters; therefore, C‐peptide–based measurements of insulin secretion are appropriate for assessing β‐cell function in canagliflozin‐treated participants.
Mechanism of Dissolution of a Lithium Salt in an Electrolytic Solvent in a Lithium Ion Secondary Battery: A Direct Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) Study
Authors: Tachikawa Hiroto 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe mechanism of dissolution of the Li+ ion in an electrolytic solvent is investigated by the direct ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method. Lithium fluoroborate (Li+BF4−) and ethylene carbonate (EC) are examined as the origin of the Li+ ion and the solvent molecule, respectively. This salt is widely utilized as the electrolyte in the lithium ion secondary battery. The binding of EC to the Li+ moiety of the Li+BF4− salt is exothermic, and the binding energies at the CAM–B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level for n=1, 2, 3, and 4, where n is the number of EC molecules binding to the Li+ ion, (EC)n(Li+BF4−), are calculated to be 91.5, 89.8, 87.2, and 84.0 kcal mol−1 (per EC molecule), respectively. The intermolecular distances between Li+ and the F atom of BF4− are elongated: 1.773 Å (n=0), 1.820 Å (n=1), 1.974 Å (n=2), 1.942 Å (n=3), and 4.156 Å (n=4). The atomic bond populations between Li+ and the F atom for n=0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 0.202, 0.186, 0.150, 0.038, and 0.0, respectively. These results indicate that the interaction of Li+ with BF4− becomes weaker as the number of EC molecules is increased. The direct AIMD calculation for n=4 shows that EC reacts spontaneously with (EC)3(Li+BF4−) and the Li+ ion is stripped from the salt. The following substitution reaction takes place: EC+(EC)3(Li+BF4−)→(EC)4Li+−(BF4−). The reaction mechanism is discussed on the basis of the theoretical results.
Biopolymer‐Supported Ionic‐Liquid‐Phase Ruthenium Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Clousier Nathalie , Filippi Alexandra , Borré Etienne , Guibal Eric , Crévisy Christophe , Caijo Fréderic , Mauduit Marc , Dez Isabelle , Gaumont Annie‐Claude 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOriginal ruthenium supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts based on alginates as supports were developed for olefin metathesis reactions. The marine biopolymer, which fulfills most of the requisite properties for a support such as widespread abundance, insolubility in the majority of organic solvents, a high affinity for ionic liquids, high chemical stability, biodegradability, low cost, and easy processing, was impregnated by [bmim][PF6] containing an ionically tagged ruthenium catalyst. These biosourced catalysts show promising performances in ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) and cross‐metathesis (CM) reactions, with a high level of recyclability and reusability combined with a good reactivity.
Cerium‐Based Binary and Ternary Oxides in the Transesterification of Dimethylcarbonate with Phenol
Authors: Dibenedetto Angela , Angelini Antonella , di Bitonto Luigi , De Giglio Elvira , Cometa Stefania , Aresta Michele 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDiphenyl carbonate (DPC) plays a key role in phosgene‐free carbonylation processes. It can be produced by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol in the presence of catalysts. Methyl phenyl carbonate (MPC) is first produced that is then converted into DPC by either disproportionation or further transesterification with phenol. Cerium‐based bimetallic oxides (with the heterometal being niobium, iron, palladium, or aluminum) are used as catalysts in the transesterification of DMC to synthesize MPC. The catalytic activity is affected by the type and concentration of the heterometal. XPS, IR and elementary analyses are employed to characterize the new catalysts. Differently from pure oxides, the mixed oxides produce a significant increase of the conversion and selectivity towards MPC.
Solid Catalysts for Multistep Reactions: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepines with Solid Acid and Base Catalysts
Authors: Climent Maria J. , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara , Martí Laura 
Published: March 2014

Abstract1,5‐Benzothiazepines derivatives were obtained first by starting from 1,3‐diphenylpropenone derivatives (chalcones) and 2‐aminothiophenol by using aluminosilicate solid catalysts. However, diffusional limitations and the strong adsorption of products on the catalyst are deleterious for catalyst activity and life. Then a structured amorphous mesoporous catalyst with large pores and mild acidity that works at higher temperatures allowed us to obtain high conversions (99 %) and selectivities (98 %) of the desired product. A one‐pot synthesis of 1,5‐benzothiazepines that starts from benzaldehyde, acetophenone, and 2‐aminothiophenol with 95 % yield was performed by combining optimized solid base and acid catalysts in batch mode as well as in a continuous‐flow reactor system. Much better conversion and selectivity as well as process intensification has been achieved with the structured mesoporous materials by avoiding intermediate and final neutralization and purification steps required in the synthesis reported previously that uses homogeneous catalysts.
Bulky Titanium Amides: C–H Bond Activation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Adler Christian , Bekurdts Alexander , Haase Detlev , Saak Wolfgang , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Rüdiger Beckhaus at the University of Oldenburg. The cover image shows a series of titanium amide complexes synthesized in the group’s lab. These compounds undergo spontaneous C–H bond activation reactions under mild conditions. The background of the cover picture shows the Science Campus of the University.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil managed by conventional surgery and postoperative radiation
Authors: Rahmati Rahmatullah , Dogan Snjezana , Pyke Owen , Palmer Frank , Awad Mahmoud , Lee Nancy , Kraus Dennis H. , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to report the long‐term outcome of patients with squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the tonsil managed by surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).MethodsEighty‐eight patients treated between 1985 and 2005 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were determined by the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsForty‐eight percent of patients had T3 to T4 disease and 75% had a positive neck. Five‐year OS, DSS, and RFS were 66%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. The status of the neck was not predictive of outcome (DSS 80% for N0 vs 82% for N+; p = .97). Lymphovascular invasion was an independent predictor of OS, DSS, and RFS on multivariate analysis.ConclusionLymphovascular invasion but not pathological stage of the neck is an independent predictor of outcome in patients with tonsillar SCC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 800–807, 2015
Intramolecular 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Hydrogen Transfer Reactions of Thiyl Radicals
Authors: Schöneich Christian , Mozziconacci Olivier , Koppenol Willem H. , Nauser Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis review article summarizes recent experiments on 1,2‐ and 1,3‐hydrogen transfer reactions in thiyl radicals from cysteine and related compounds. Pulse radiolysis in combination with time‐resolved UV spectroscopy was applied to monitor the equilibration of initial thiyl radicals with carbon‐centered radicals at both the Cα and Cβ positions of cysteine. Experiments with thiyl radicals from penicillamine and cysteamine confirmed the formation of carbon‐centered radicals at these positions. Complementary evidence for the intermediary formation of carbon‐centered radicals was obtained from mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments, both of which indicated covalent H/D exchange at original CH bonds when thiyl radicals were generated in D2O. The 1,2‐ and 1,3‐hydrogen transfer reactions can have profound consequences for the integrity of proteins when Cys residues are oxidized to Cys thiyl radicals, which subsequently equilibrate with carbon‐centered radicals.
Sperm ultrastructure of Panorpodes kuandianensis (Mecoptera: Panorpodidae)
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Hua Baozhen 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe sperm ultrastructure of the short‐faced scorpionfly Panorpodes kuandianensis Zhong et al. was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The spermatozoon is composed of a short head containing a bilayered acrosome and an elongate nucleus, a neck transition region, and a long flagellum. The acrosome consists of an acrosomal vesicle and a central perforatorium. The nucleus has two deep, U‐shaped lateral grooves and its chromatin contains a series of parallel, regularly arrayed nuclear fibers. The barrel‐shaped centriolar adjunct occupies the most volume of the neck region. The flagellum is helical for its whole length and is formed by an axoneme, two mitochondrial derivatives, a pair of accessory bodies, and peculiar accessory structures. The axoneme has nine accessory microtubules at the anterior flagellum region, displaying a 9 + 9 + 2 microtubular pattern, but the accessory microtubules are short and disappear quickly. The two mitochondrial derivatives differ in length and diameter. In the more posterior region, the remaining anchor‐shaped mitochondrial derivative has a circular crystalline region, differing from other mecopteran species. The filiform materials are peculiar and lie beside the nucleus and in the flagellum region. Sperm ultrastructural comparison of P. kuandianensis with other families supports a close affinity of Panorpodidae with Panorpidae. In addition, the occurrence of the nine accessory microtubules in the sperm axoneme of Panorpodes indicates that the 9 + 9 + 2 axonemal pattern might be a symplesiomorphy of the Mecoptera. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:394–400, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of the chromatographic separation performance of an imidazolium ionic liquid functionalized silica column by in situ anion‐exchange with dodecyl sulfonate and dodecylbenzene sulfonate anions
Authors: Sun Min , Feng Juanjuan , Chen Wenjie , Li Leilei , Duan Huimin , Luo Chuannan 
Published: March 2014

The anionic part of ionic liquids can provide additional interactions during chromatographic separations. In this work, the chromatographic separation performance of a silica column functionalized with 1‐propyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid was improved by in situ anion‐exchange from chloride anions to dodecyl sulfonate anions and dodecylbenzene sulfonate anions. The separation performances of these ionic liquid functionalized phases were investigated and compared with each other using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, parabens, and phenols as model compounds. Results indicated that the new columns presented a better chromatographic separation than the original one. This was ascribed retention mechanism from organic anions. The introduction of dodecyl sulfonate anions increased the hydrophobicity of stationary phase. Furthermore, the phenyl groups of dodecylbenzene sulfonate anions could provide an enhanced selectivity to aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by π–π interactions. Analysis repeatability of the new columns was satisfactory (RSD of retention time, 0.10–0.40%; RSD of peak area, 0.66–0.84%).
Optimum density of sika deer for tree seedling survival
Authors: Itô Hiroki , Hino Teruaki , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSika deer have both direct negative and indirect positive effects on tree seedlings because deer browse on seedlings themselves as well as the floor vegetation that suppresses their growth. As such, a non‐zero optimum deer density may exist for tree seedling survival. We conducted a field experiment combining exclusion of deer and removal of floor vegetation to investigate possible conditions under which an optimum density of deer with respect to seedling survival could exist. We constructed a hierarchical Bayesian model and used it to predict the survival rate of tree seedlings under different deer densities and floor leaf biomass conditions. Results indicated that a non‐zero optimum deer density existed when the following conditions were present: a negative relationship between deer density and floor leaf biomass, negative effects on seedling survival caused both by deer and by floor vegetation, positive interaction of deer and floor leaf biomass on seedling survival, and considerably large potential leaf biomass. We estimated optimum deer density was 9.5 deer/km2 when floor leaf biomass of the dwarf bamboo was 0.15 kg/m2. This optimum deer density may have been excessive because we examined only the initial stages of seedling development, in which seedlings were less vulnerable to deer browsing. These results suggested that in this system, managing deer density at moderate levels might be more effective from a forest regeneration perspective than the complete exclusion of deer. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Habitat use and selection of black scoters in southern New England and siting of offshore wind energy facilities
Authors: Loring Pamela H. , Paton Peter W.C. , Osenkowski Jason E. , Gilliland Scott G. , Savard Jean‐Pierre L. , Mcwilliams Scott R. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe southern New England continental shelf is an important region for black scoters (Melanitta americana) during winter and migratory staging periods and a priority area for developing offshore wind energy facilities. However, little is known about the migration phenology and habitat use of black scoters in this portion of their range and this information is necessary to assess potential risks to black scoters during the marine spatial planning process. In this regional black scoter study over 2 winters, we used satellite telemetry and spatial modeling techniques to estimate migratory timing and length of stay, quantify winter home range size and site fidelity between winters, examine key habitat characteristics associated with core‐use areas, and map relative probabilities of use across a 3,800‐km2 marine spatial planning area for 2 proposed offshore renewable energy facilities. Black scoters spent nearly 5 months in southern New England, with wide variation among individuals in the size of winter utilization distributions (range 16–12,367 km2). Approximately 50% of the tagged birds returned to southern New England during the subsequent winter and had variable fidelity to core‐use areas occupied the previous winter. During both winters, black scoter core‐use areas were located closer to shore, at shallower water depths, with coarser sediment grain size and higher probability of hard‐bottom occurrence relative to available areas. Resource selection functions classified the majority of a nearshore 5‐turbine, 34‐km2 renewable energy zone off Block Island as high probability of use by black scoters, whereas an offshore 200‐turbine, 667‐km2 federal lease block zone was classified as low to medium‐low probability of selection. Wind energy facilities, such as the Block Island site, constructed in relatively shallow (<20 m deep), nearshore habitats (<5 km) over hard‐bottomed or coarse‐sand substrate could displace some foraging black scoters wintering in this region, whereas the larger federal lease block zone located farther offshore is more likely to affect scoters dispersing among core‐use areas and during migration between wintering and breeding grounds. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Numerical simulations of thermal convection under the influence of an inclined magnetic field by using solenoidal bases
Authors: Yarımpabuç D. , Tarman H.I. , Yıldırım C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe effect of an inclined homogeneous magnetic field on thermal convection between rigid plates heated from below under the influence of gravity is numerically simulated in a computational domain with periodic horizontal extent. The numerical technique is based on solenoidal (divergence‐free) basis functions satisfying the boundary conditions for both the velocity and the induced magnetic field. Thus, the divergence‐free conditions for both velocity and magnetic field are satisfied exactly. The expansion bases for the thermal field are also constructed to satisfy the boundary conditions. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations under Galerkin projection and subsequently integrated in time numerically. The projection is performed by using a dual solenoidal bases set such that the pressure term is eliminated in the process. The quasi‐steady relationship between the velocity and the induced magnetic field corresponding to the liquid metals or melts is used to generate the solenoidal bases for the magnetic field from those for the velocity field. The technique is validated in the linear case for both oblique and vertical case by reproducing the marginal stability curves for varying Chandrasekhar number. Some numerical simulations are performed for either case in the nonlinear regime for Prandtl numbers Pr = 0.05 and Pr = 0.1. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled‐fed shorted strip antenna with an inductively coupled branch strip for low‐profile, small‐size LTE/WWAN tablet computer antenna
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Weng Tseng‐Wei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA low‐profile, small‐size (10 × 40 mm2 on a thin dielectric substrate) planar LTE/WWAN antenna suitable for slim tablet computer application is presented. The antenna is formed by a coupled‐fed shorted strip antenna and an inductively coupled branch strip, with a chip inductor of 22 nH connected therebetween. At higher frequencies, owing to the high inductive reactance provided by the chip inductor, the branch strip will have very small effects on the antenna performances, and the coupled‐fed shorted strip antenna alone can provide a high‐band operation of 1710–2690 MHz. At lower frequencies, the embedded chip inductor can decrease the antenna's required resonant length, and the coupling feed can greatly widen the bandwidth of the excited resonant mode such that the antenna can cover a low‐band operation of 704–960 MHz. Good radiation characteristics of the antenna in the low‐band and high‐band operations are also obtained. Details of the proposed antenna and its experimental and simulated results are presented. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1041–1046, 2014
Implantable CPW‐fed rectangular patch antenna for ISM band biomedical applications
Authors: Kumar S. Ashok , Shanmuganantham T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractImplantable antennas have recently been receiving substantial attention for medical diagnosis and treatment. In this article, a coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole antenna for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band biomedical applications is proposed. The antenna has a simple structure that is placed on human tissues like muscle, fat, and skin. The designed antenna is made compatible for implantation by embedding it in a FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna is simulated using the method of moment's software IE3D by assuming the predetermined dielectric constant for the human muscle tissue, fat, and skin. The antenna operates in the frequency of ISM bands, 2.4 −2.48 GHz. Simulated and measured gains attain −7.7 and −8 dBi in the frequency of 2.45 GHz. The radiation pattern, return loss, current distribution, and gain of these antennas were examined and characterized. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1060–1065, 2014
A compact planar dual band‐notched monopole antenna for UWB application
Authors: Kazim J. , Bibi A. , Rauf M. , Tariq M. , Owais  
Published: March 2014

AbstractA compact UWB monopole band‐notched antenna with simple structure and small size is proposed and studied in this article. The size of the antenna is 33 × 29.6 × 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) at 3.1–10 GHz, except the bandwidth at 3.3–3.7 GHz and 5.15–5.82 GHz for WLAN and WiMAX application. A notch in the ground plane is used to obtain a frequency band‐notched response at 3.3–3.7 GHz and inverted U‐shaped slot in the radiator patch is used for the rejection of frequency band 5.15–5.82 GHz. The antenna prototype is fabricated and tested, and it is observed that the measured and simulated results are in good agreement. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1095–1097, 2014
Magnetic charge, magnetic current, magnetic scalar potential, and electric vector potential
Authors: Brandão Faria Jose A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis work presents a novel contribution to the analysis of magnetic structures, making use of several interrelated concepts such as, magnetic charge density, magnetic charge, magnetic current density, magnetic current intensity, magnetic voltage, magnetic scalar potential, and electric vector potential. These useful dual concepts arise in the analysis of Maxwell's equations when standard field sources, that is, electric charge density and electric current density are not directly at play. An application example is provided concerning the derivation of the telegrapher's equations that govern guided wave propagation in magnetic transmission lines. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1107–1111, 2014
Constant absolute bandwidth tunable filter using varactor‐loaded open‐loop resonators
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Guo , Feng Quan‐Yuan , Xiang Qian‐Yin , Jia Ding‐Hong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo novel cascaded microstrip open‐loop resonators with loading varactors are presented to design tunable filter. In two coupled resonators, the coupled sides can provide both electrical and magnetic coupling. A capacitance loaded at input/output feed line is used to control the external quality. By adjusting the parameters of coupling side and the value of the capacitance, coupling coefficients and external quality can be tuned to meet the requirement of constant absolute bandwidth. A two‐pole filter is demonstrated a tuning range from 607 to 942 MHz with the insertion loss 2.5–3.2 dB. Especially, the 3‐dB bandwidth is approximately 63 ± 7 MHz with the center frequency from 642 to 942 MHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1178–1181, 2014