bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of zinc‐blende twins and wurtzite segments in GaAs nanowires probed by X‐ray nanodiffraction
Authors: Biermanns Andreas , Carbone Dina , Breuer Steffen , Jacques Vincent L. R. , Schulli Tobias , Geelhaar Lutz , Pietsch Ullrich 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageWe study by X‐ray nanodiffraction the statistical distribution of the two possible twinned zinc‐blende (ZB) orientations as well as the occurrence of the wurtzite structure within single GaAs nanowires (NWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111). A fast scanning scheme allowed to perform diffraction experiments on 160 individual NWs. We find that although on average the two ZB orientations show a similar abundance, in 90% of all NWs one ZB orientation dominates and little twinning is observed within each individual NW. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A security communication model based on certificateless online/offline signcryption for Internet of Things
Authors: Luo Ming , Tu Min , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe communication model of Internet of Things (IOT) application has some shortcomings in user privacy protection and information security. To solve these shortcomings, we define the formal models of certificateless online/offline signcryption and propose a concrete certificateless online/offline signcryption scheme for IOT environment. Compared with the existing identity‐based online/offline signcryption schemes that do not require the plaintext and the receiver's identity in the offline phase, our scheme has the great advantage of the offline computation cost, offline storage, ciphertext length, and receiver computation cost. Moreover, our scheme achieves known session‐specific temporary information security, public verifiability with confidentiality and no key escrow problem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Square and Rectangular Symmetry Tiles from Bulk and Thin Film 3‐Miktoarm Star Terpolymers
Authors: Aissou Karim , Nunns Adam , Manners Ian , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe directed self assembly of a 3‐miktoarm star terpolymer (polyisoprene‐arm‐polystyrene‐arm‐polyferrocenylethylmethylsilane (3μ‐ISF)) into a (4.82) square symmetry Archimedean tiling pattern is described. Bulk samples of 3μ‐ISF generate equilibrium columnar (4.82) tile patterns (symmetry p 4 mm) on annealing, which is preceded by a metastable c 2 mm centered rectangular structure. In contrast, in thin films of 3μ‐ISF blended with PS homopolymer, the c 2 mm phase is stable with columns oriented out of plane when the film thickness is below 50 nm. However, the 3μ‐ISF/homopolymer blend rapidly forms a p 4 mm symmetry when the film thickness is ∼80 nm, with grain sizes of several μm and excellent order. Defects in the p4mm structure are described.
Ethische und rechtliche Implikationen der Speicherung humaner Genomdaten
Authors: Mathieu N. , Löhnhardt B. , Grütz R. , Weil P. , Drepper J. , Krawczak M. 
Published: July 2013

Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung der DNA-Sequenzierungstechnologien stellt die humane Genomforschung vor große datenschutzrechtliche und ethische Herausforderungen. Der heute bereits mögliche tiefe Einblick in die genetische Ausstattung eines Menschen kann von enormer Bedeutung für dessen aktuelles und zukünftiges gesundheitliches Befinden sein. Genomische Daten lassen zudem Rückschlüsse auf die Identität und die genetischen Eigenschaften enger Blutsverwandter zu. Wegen ihres inhärenten Personenbezugs bedürfen genomische Daten somit eines besonders sorgfältigen Umgangs. Zentrale Elemente eines verantwortungsvollen Managements von Genomdaten im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten sind neben der angemessenen Einwilligung der Teilnehmer auch die Anonymisierung/Pseudonymisierung der Daten und die Trennung der Datenhoheit. Außerdem müssen im Sinne der guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis Fristen und Verordnungen für die Aufbewahrung der Daten beachtet werden. Diese Aspekte werden im vorliegenden Artikel dargestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Umsetzung diskutiert.
The road traveled, the road ahead, or simply on the road? When progress framing affects motivation in goal pursuit
Authors: Wiebenga Jacob H. , Fennis Bob M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present research examined the dynamic interplay between the framing of one's progress from an initial state toward an end state (i.e., framed as the distance traveled from the initial state to the current state ‐‘to‐date’ versus framed as the distance left from the current state to the end state ‐‘to‐go’) and construal level in influencing motivation in goal pursuit. In three experiments we found that both state and chronic differences in experienced construal level modulate the impact of progress framing on motivation at a specific stage in goal pursuit, i.e., when consumers are halfway between the initial and end state, but is less consequential at the initial or end stages. This modulation shows that type of framing only affected motivation of people with an abstract, but not a concrete mindset. Under these conditions, progress framed in terms of to‐date produced increased motivation compared to a to‐go frame. Moreover, perceived goal distance was found to mediate the impact of progress framing on motivation for individuals with an abstract, but not a concrete mindset.
Second-order ergodic theorem for self-similar tiling systems
Authors: MEDYNETS KONSTANTIN , SOLOMYAK BORIS 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe consider infinite measure-preserving non-primitive self-similar tiling systems in Euclidean space ${ \mathbb{R} }^{d} $. We establish the second-order ergodic theorem for such systems, with exponent equal to the Hausdorff dimension of a graph-directed self-similar set associated with the substitution rule.
Homomorphisms between diffeomorphism groups
Authors: MANN KATHRYN 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFor $r\geq 3$, $p\geq 2$, we classify all actions of the groups ${ \mathrm{Diff} }_{c}^{r} ( \mathbb{R} )$ and ${ \mathrm{Diff} }_{+ }^{r} ({S}^{1} )$ by ${C}^{p} $-diffeomorphisms on the line and on the circle. This is the same as describing all non-trivial group homomorphisms between groups of compactly supported diffeomorphisms on 1-manifolds. We show that all such actions have an elementary form, which we call topologically diagonal. As an application, we answer a question of Ghys in the 1-manifold case: if $M$ is any closed manifold, and ${\mathrm{Diff} }^{\infty } \hspace{-2.0pt} \mathop{(M)}\nolimits_{0} $ injects into the diffeomorphism group of a 1-manifold, must $M$ be one-dimensional? We show that the answer is yes, even under more general conditions. Several lemmas on subgroups of diffeomorphism groups are of independent interest, including results on commuting subgroups and flows.
Regular consumption of a cocoa product improves the cardiometabolic profile in healthy and moderately hypercholesterolaemic adults
Authors: Sarriá Beatriz , Martínez-López Sara , Sierra-Cinos José Luis , García-Diz Luis , Mateos Raquel , Bravo Laura 
Published: July 2013

Cocoa products present great health potential due to their high content of polyphenols, mainly of flavanols. However, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other health effects of regularly consuming cocoa products seem to depend on the intake and health status of the consumer, etc. and need to be further clarified. A randomised, controlled, cross-over, free-living study was carried out in healthy (n24) and moderately hypercholesterolaemic (>2000 mg/l,n20) subjects to assess the influence of regularly consuming (4 weeks) two servings (15 g each) of a cocoa product rich in fibre (containing 33·9 % of total dietary fibre (TDF) and 13·9 mg/g of soluble polyphenols) in milkv.consuming only milk (control) on (1) serum lipid and lipoprotein profile, (2) serum malondialdehyde levels, carbonyl groups, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and free radical-scavenging capacity, (3) IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular and intracellular cell adhesion molecule levels, and (4) systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Throughout the study, the diet and physical activity of the volunteers, as well as any possible changes in weight or other anthropometric parameters, were also evaluated. The intake of TDF increased (P< 0·001) to the recommended levels. Serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were increased (P< 0·001), whereas glucose (P= 0·029), IL-1β (P= 0·001) and IL-10 (P= 0·001) levels were decreased. The rest of the studied cardiovascular parameters, as well as the anthropometric ones, remained similar. In conclusion, regularly consuming a cocoa product with milk improves cardiovascular health by increasing HDL-C levels and inducing hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory effects in healthy and hypercholesterolaemic individuals without causing weight gain.
Evidence of frugivory and seed dispersal in Oligocene tortoises from South Dakota
Authors: MARRON ALAN O. , MOORE JASON R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFossilized hackberry (Celtis) seeds were found within the shells of twoStylemysindividuals excavated from Oligocene sediments from South Dakota. The presence ofin situskeletal elements indicates that the tortoises were buried without extensive disarticulation. Abiotic transport of the seeds into the carcasses is unlikely given the anatomically correct placement of both skeletal elements and seeds and the comparative settling velocities of the encasing sediment versus modernCeltisseeds. Ecological evidence from modernCeltisandStylemysanalogues suggests that tortoises are commonly seed dispersal agents. The fossils are therefore interpreted as enterolites, providing the oldest reliable evidence of tortoise frugivory.
Exceptional patients: Narratives of connections
Authors: Engebretson Joan C. , Peterson Noemi E. , Frenkel Moshe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjective:This study sought to better understand the patient s perspective of the experience of recovery from cancer that appeared to defy medical prognoses.Methods:Fourteen cases of medically verified exceptional outcomes were identified. A qualitative approach, employing long narrative interviews was used. Data was analyzed using a cross case thematic analytic approach.Results:The major overarching theme was connections, both internal and external. Internal included connections with God or a higher power and with oneself. The external connections, the focus of this paper, included 1) personal connections with friends and family, 2) connections with the medical system: the physician, nurses and other staff, and 3) connections with other patients. They described the nature of these relationships and the importance of frequent contact with family and friends as providing significant emotional and instrumental support. They expressed confidence in receiving care from a reputable clinic, and with very little probing illustrated the importance of the relationship with their providers. They articulated the significance of the compassionate qualities of the physician and identified communication attributes of their physician that were important in establishing this connection. These attributes were demeanor, availability, honesty, sensitivity in the decision making process. They provided examples of positive connections with nurses and other staff as well as with other patients through their illness process.Significance of results:The importance of connections in these illness narratives was richly illustrated. These issues often are overlooked in clinical settings; yet they are of crucial importance to the health and well-being of the patients.
Diabetic liver injury from streptozotocin is regulated through the caspase-8 homolog cFLIP involving activation of JNK2 and intrahepatic immunocompetent cells
Authors: Kohl T , Gehrke N , Schad A , Nagel M , Wörns M A , Sprinzl M F , Zimmermann T , He Y-W , Galle P R , Schuchmann M , Schattenberg J M 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe endemic occurrence of obesity and the associated risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome have been predicted to lead to a dramatic increase in chronic liver disease. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become the most frequent liver disease in countries with a high prevalence of obesity. In addition, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance have been implicated in disease progression of other liver diseases, including chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms underlying the link between insulin signaling and hepatocellular injury are only partly understood. We have explored the role of the antiapoptotic caspase-8 homolog cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) on liver cell survival in a diabetic model with hypoinsulinemic diabetes in order to delineate the role of insulin signaling on hepatocellular survival. cFLIP regulates cellular injury from apoptosis signaling pathways, and loss of cFLIP was previously shown to promote injury from activated TNF and CD95/Apo-1 receptors. In mice lacking cFLIP in hepatocytes (flip−/−), loss of insulin following streptozotocin treatment resulted in caspase- and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent liver injury after 21 days. Substitution of insulin, inhibition of JNK using the SP600125 compound in vivo or genetic deletion of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)9 (JNK2) in all tissues abolished the injurious effect. Strikingly, the difference in injury between wild-type and cFLIP-deficient mice occurred only in vivo and was accompanied by liver-infiltrating inflammatory cells with a trend toward increased amounts of NK1.1-positive cells and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Transfer of bone marrow from rag-1-deficient mice that are depleted from B and T lymphocytes prevented liver injury in flip−/− mice. These findings support a direct role of insulin on cellular survival by alternating the activation of injurious MAPK, caspases and the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the liver. Thus, increasing resistance to insulin signaling pathways in hepatocytes appears to be an important factor in the initiation and progression of chronic liver disease.
Aldosterone: a mediator of retinal ganglion cell death and the potential role in the pathogenesis in normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Nitta E , Hirooka K , Tenkumo K , Fujita T , Nishiyama A , Nakamura T , Itano T , Shiraga F 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGlaucoma is conventionally defined as a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve fibers. Although glaucoma is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), significant IOP reduction does not prevent progression of the disease in some glaucoma patients. Thus, exploring IOP-independent mechanisms of RGC loss is important. We describe chronic systemic administration of aldosterone and evaluate its effect on RGCs in rat. Aldosterone was administered via an osmotic minipump that was implanted subcutaneously into the mid-scapular region. Although systemic administration of aldosterone caused RGC loss associated with thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer without elevated IOP, the other cell layers appeared to be unaffected. After chronic administration of aldosterone, RGC loss was observed at 2 weeks in the peripheral retina and at 4 weeks in the central retina. However, administration of mineralocorticoid receptor blocker prevented RGC loss. These results demonstrate aldosterone is a critical mediator of RGC loss that is independent of IOP. We believe this rat normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) animal model not only offers a powerful system for investigating the mechanism of neurodegeneration in NTG, but can also be used to develop therapies directed at IOP-independent mechanisms of RGC loss.
Hypoxia and P1 receptor activation regulate the high-affinity concentrative adenosine transporter CNT2 in differentiated neuronal PC12 cells
Authors: Medina-Pulido Lorena , Molina-Arcas Míriam , Justicia Carles , Soriano Eduardo , Burgaya Ferran , Planas Anna M. , Pastor-Anglada Marçal 
Published: July 2013

Under several adverse conditions, such as hypoxia or ischaemia, extracellular levels of adenosine are elevated because of increased energy demands and ATP metabolism. Because extracellular adenosine affects metabolism through G-protein-coupled receptors, its regulation is of high adaptive importance. CNT2 (concentrative nucleoside transporter 2) may play physiological roles beyond nucleoside salvage in brain as it does in other tissues. Even though nucleoside transport in brain has mostly been seen as being of equilibrative-type, in the present study, we prove that the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12 shows a concentrative adenosine transport of CNT2-type when cells are differentiated to a neuronal phenotype by treatment with NGF (nerve growth factor). Differentiation of PC12 cells was also associated with the up-regulation of adenosine A1 receptors. Addition of adenosine receptor agonists to cell cultures increased CNT2-related activity by a mechanism consistent with A1 and A2A receptor activation. The addition of adenosine to the culture medium also induced the phosphorylation of the intracellular regulatory kinase AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), with this effect being dependent upon adenosine transport. CNT2-related activity of differentiated PC12 cells was also dramatically down-regulated under hypoxic conditions. Interestingly, the analysis of nucleoside transporter expression after experimental focal ischaemia in rat brain showed that CNT2 expression was down-regulated in the infarcted tissue, with this effect somehow being restricted to other adenosine transporter proteins such as CNT3 and ENT1 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1). In summary, CNT2 is likely to modulate extracellular adenosine and cell energy balance in neuronal tissue.
Thermodynamic origins of protein folding, allostery, and capsid formation in the human hepatitis B virus core protein
Authors: Alexander Crispin G. , Jürgens Maike C. , Shepherd Dale A. , Freund Stefan M. V. , Ashcroft Alison E. , Ferguson Neil 
Published: July 2013

Significance
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major pathogen, yet no fully effective therapies exist. HBc is the multifunctional, capsid-forming protein essential for HBV replication. HBc structural plasticity is reportedly functionally important. We analyzed the folding mechanism of HBc using a multidisciplinary approach, including microscale thermophoresis and ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry. HBc folds in a 3-state transition with a dimeric, helical intermediate. We found evidence of a strained native ensemble wherein the energy landscapes for folding, allostery, and capsid formation are linked. Mutations thermodynamically trapped HBc in conformations unable to form capsids, suggesting chemical chaperones could elicit similar, potentially antiviral, effects.
Empirical tests of the Marshall‐Lerner condition: a literature review
Authors: Bahmani Mohsen , Harvey Hanafiah , Hegerty Scott W. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe Marshall‐Lerner (M‐L) condition, which stipulates that a devaluation or depreciation of its currency will improve a country's trade balance only if the sum of the absolute values of a country's import and export price elasticities are greater than one, is a fundamental tenet of international economics. The purpose of this study is to survey the literature that has tested the M‐L condition, examining in particular whether previous studies' results are statistically significant. The authors then conduct their own estimation of 29 countries' trade elasticities, over the past few decades.Design/methodology/approachWhile mostly a review paper, the paper also applies statistical techniques in two ways. First, the authors use t‐tests on previously‐published statistical results to see if the sums of their elasticities are significantly greater than one. The authors also apply the recently developed ARDL cointegration method, which has a number of attractive statistical properties, to estimate 29 countries' long‐run import and export elasticities and test the M‐L condition using recent data.FindingsThe authors re‐estimation using previous studies' coefficients and standard errors shows that, although the point estimates in many studies suggest that the M‐L condition is met, it really is not met in half of the cases. This lack of evidence is confirmed with the authors' own empirical tests.Research limitations/implicationsNot only does this paper collect the relevant literature in a way that will assist future researchers on the topic, these findings suggest that support for the M‐L condition is much weaker that commonly thought. This therefore makes an important contribution to thinking regarding the potential benefits of devaluation, and to economic theory in general.Practical implicationsPolicymakers who hope to improve their countries' competitive position could benefit from learning that this policy is indeed less effective than might be supposed. This could lead to the implementation of more effective economic policies.Originality/valueAs a literature review, the originality of this paper is that it collects relevant studies into one single paper. The statistical analyses allow the reader to re‐interpret these studies' findings in a new light.
A study on next‐generation digital library using context‐awareness technology
Authors: Noh Younghee 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis study seeks to examine the concepts of context, context‐awareness, and context‐awareness technology needed for applying context‐awareness technology to the next‐generation of digital libraries, and proposed context‐aware services that can be applied to any situation by illustrating some library contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigated both theoretical research and case analysis studies before suggesting a service model for context‐awareness‐based libraries by examining the context, context‐awareness, and context‐awareness technology in depth.FindingsThis paper derived possible library services which could be provided if context‐awareness services are implemented by examining and analyzing case studies and systems constructed in other fields. A library‐applied context‐aware system could recognize users entering the library and provide optimal services tailored to each situation for both new and existing users. In addition, the context‐awareness‐based library could provide context‐awareness‐based reference services, context‐awareness‐based loan services, and cater to other user needs in the stacks, research space, and a variety of other information spaces. The context‐awareness‐based library could also recognize users in need of emergency assistance by detecting the user's behavior, movement path, and temperature, etc. Comfort or climate‐control services could provide the user with control of the temperature, humidity, illumination and other environmental elements to fit the circumstances of users, books, and instruments through context‐aware technology.Practical implicationsNext‐generation digital libraries apply new concepts such as semantic retrieval, real‐time web, cloud computing, mobile web, linked data, and context‐awareness. Context‐awareness‐based libraries can provide applied context‐awareness access service, reactive space according to the user's access, applied context‐awareness lobbies, applied context‐awareness reference services, and applied context‐awareness safety services, context‐awareness‐based comfort services and so on.Originality/valueReal instances of libraries applying context‐aware technology are few, according to the investigative results of this study. The study finds that the next‐generation digital library using context‐awareness technology can provide the best possible service for the convenience of its users.