bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in death associated with pediatric dental sedation and general anesthesia
Authors: Lee Helen H. , Milgrom Peter , Starks Helene , Burke Wylie 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundInadequate access to oral health care places children at risk of caries. Disease severity and inability to cooperate often result in treatment with general anesthesia (GA). Sedation is increasingly popular and viewed as lower risk than GA in community settings. Currently, few data are available to quantify pediatric morbidity and mortality related to dental anesthesia.ObjectiveSummarize dental anesthesia‐related pediatric deaths described in media reports.MethodsReview of media reports in the Lexis‐Nexis Academic database and a private foundation website. Settings: Dental offices, ambulatory surgery centers, and hospitals. Patients :US‐based children (≤21 years old) who died subsequently receiving anesthesia for a dental procedure between 1980–2011.ResultsMost deaths occurred among 2–5 year‐olds (n = 21/44), in an office setting (n = 21/44), and with a general/pediatric dentist (n = 25/44) as the anesthesia provider. In this latter group, 17 of 25 deaths were linked with a sedation anesthetic.ConclusionsThis series of media reports likely represent only a fraction of the overall morbidity and mortality related to dental anesthesia. These data may indicate an association between mortality and pediatric dental procedures under sedation, particularly in office settings. However, these relationships are difficult to test in the absence of a database that could provide an estimate of incidence and prevalence of morbidity and mortality. With growing numbers of children receiving anesthesia for dental procedures from providers with variable training, it is imperative to be able to track anesthesia‐related adverse outcomes. Creating a national database of adverse outcomes will enable future research to advance patient safety and quality.
Perioperative respiratory management of pediatric patients with neuromuscular disease
Authors: Blatter Joshua A. , Finder Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPatients with neuromuscular disorders undergoing general anesthesia present a special set of respiratory problems for perioperative management. While there are disease‐specific concerns, there are many common themes in the respiratory management of patients with neuromuscular disorders. These problems are discussed in this review. Such common perioperative concerns include upper airway obstruction, chest wall restriction, postoperative hypoventilation, inadequate airway clearance, and chronic lower airway disease. Each of these challenges has an effective management approach, and careful planning can help avoid perioperative respiratory complications.
EEG signatures associated with stopping are sensitive to preparation
Authors: Greenhouse Ian , Wessel Jan R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPreparing to stop may “prime” the neural mechanism for stopping and alter brain activity at the time of stopping. Much electroencephalography (EEG) research has studied the N2/P3 complex over frontocentral electrodes during outright stopping. Here, we used differential reward of the stop and go processes in a stop signal task to study the sensitivity of these EEG components to preparation. We found that (a) stopping was faster when it was rewarded; (b) the P3 amplitude was larger for successful versus failed stopping, and this difference was greater when stopping was rewarded over going; (c) the N2 component was observed only on failed stop trials; and (d) there was greater EEG coherence between frontocentral and occipitoparietal electrodes at 12 Hz during the initiation of a go response when stopping was rewarded over going. We propose that frontocentral cortical mechanisms active before and at the time of stopping are sensitive to preparation.
Central corneal thickness measurements in normal dogs: a comparison between ultrasound pachymetry and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Alario Anthony F. , Pirie Christopher G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained from normal canines using a spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography device (SD‐OCT) and an ultrasonic pachymeter.AnimalsFifteen clinically normal dogs.ProceduresDogs were briefly anesthetized with propofol. Central corneal thickness measurements were obtained from both eyes of each animal four times by one operator using aSD‐OCTsystem. TheCCTwas automatically calculated using the pachymetry software generated from eight radial scans, 6 mm in length. Ultrasonic pachymetry was then performed in both eyes of each animal by one operator five times in succession. TheCCTwas recorded for each modality and compared statistically for agreement and bias.ResultsFifteen dogs (seven castrated male, eight spayed female) with a mean age of 2.3 ± 1.3 years were examined. The meanCCTfor all eyes examined viaSD‐OCTand ultrasonic pachymetry (velocity set at 1636 m/s) was 587.72 ± 32.44 μm and 598.54 ± 32.28 μm, respectively. Ultrasonic pachymetry consistently overestimatedCCTas compared toOCTby a mean value of 10.82 μm (P < 0.0001). No significant difference inCCTwas found based on the age or sex of the animal. There was no significant difference inCCTmeasurements between replicates performed by the same operator for each modality. The coefficient of variation within and between imaging modalities was low (range 0.63–2.5%). The intraclass correlation coefficient comparing methods was 0.92.ConclusionsCorrelation between modalities was excellent; however,ultrasonic pachymetry set at a standard velocity of 1636 m/s overestimatesCCTas compared toOCT.
Approach of using established and new laboratory tests to more comprehensively investigate noninfectious and nonhemolytic transfusion reactions – along with the experience in Japan
Authors: Hirayama F. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesNoninfectious and nonhaemolytic transfusion reactions are the most common type of transfusion reactions. Several new tests have been made, helping diagnosis and understanding of their pathogenesis. This manuscript provides a review of the literature on currently available tests in association with the approach in Japan.Materials & MethodsPrimarily by using key words, more than 100 pertinent articles in the Medline database were identified and reviewed.ResultsNumbers of laboratory tests are available including those for plasma protein levels, plasma protein antibodies, leucocyte and platelet antibodies, serum N‐terminal‐pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels, serum tryptase levels and genetic microchimerism. Cross‐match tests, such as basophil activation test and neutrophil activation test, are also available to determine a causal relationship between the reaction and transfusion.ConclusionsSeveral tests should help to confirm diagnosis and determine causal relationship between adverse reactions and transfusion and to gain an insight into the mechanism of the reaction in some cases, although some of the recently developed tests have not been completely validated.
Genetic variation and structure of Solanum elaeagnifolium in Australia analysed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers
Authors: Zhu X C , Wu H W , Raman H , Lemerle D , Stanton R , Burrows G E 
Published: June 2013

SummarySolanum elaeagnifolium is a weed of national significance in Australia. However, the genetic diversity of S. elaeagnifolium is poorly understood. Four amplified fragment length polymorphism primer combinations were utilised to investigate the genetic variation and structure of 187 S. elaeagnifolium individuals collected from 94 locations in Australia. High genetic diversity was found, with an average Jaccard's genetic similarity at 0.26. Individuals were assigned to two genetic clusters or considered as admixed according to their membership coefficient value (q) calculated by Bayesian model‐based genetic structure analysis. This suggested that Australian S. elaeagnifolium may have originated from two distinct gene pools. These results were further supported by principal co‐ordinates analysis. Large spatial groups of individuals assigning to these two gene pools were found in western Victoria and south‐western New South Wales (NSW) and northern NSW, which correlated well with the early records of S. elaeagnifolium in both regions. The high genetic diversity found here could add difficulties to effective control of S. elaeagnifolium across regions.
Three‐dimensional prostate segmentation using level set with shape constraint based on rotational slices for 3D end‐firing TRUS guided biopsy
Authors: Qiu Wu , Yuan Jing , Ukwatta Eranga , Tessier David , Fenster Aaron 
Published: June 2013

Purpose:Prostate segmentation is an important step in the planning and treatment of 3D end‐firing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of prostate segmentation in 3D TRUS images, an improved level set method is incorporated into a rotational‐slice‐based 3D prostate segmentation to decrease the accumulated segmentation errors produced by the slice‐by‐slice segmentation method.Methods:A 3D image is first resliced into 2D slices in a rotational manner in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. All slices intersect approximately along the rotational scanning axis and have an equal angular spacing. Six to eight boundary points are selected to initialize a level set function to extract the prostate contour within the first slice. The segmented contour is then propagated to the adjacent slice and is used as the initial contour for segmentation. This process is repeated until all slices are segmented. A modified distance regularization level set method is used to segment the prostate in all resliced 2D slices. In addition, shape‐constraint and local‐region‐based energies are imposed to discourage the evolved level set function to leak in regions with weak edges or without edges. An anchor point based energy is used to promote the level set function to pass through the initial selected boundary points. The algorithm's performance was evaluated using distance‐ and volume‐based metrics (sensitivity (Se), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean absolute surface distance (MAD), maximum absolute surface distance (MAXD), and volume difference) by comparison with expert delineations.Results:The validation results using thirty 3D patient images showed that the authors’ method can obtain a DSC of 93.1% ± 1.6%, a sensitivity of 93.0% ± 2.0%, a MAD of 1.18 ± 0.36 mm, a MAXD of 3.44 ± 0.8 mm, and a volume difference of 2.6 ± 1.9 cm3 for the entire prostate. A reproducibility experiment demonstrated that the proposed method yielded low intraobserver and interobserver variability in terms of DSC. The mean segmentation time of the authors’ method for all patient 3D TRUS images was 55 ± 3.5 s, in addition to 30 ± 5 s for initialization.Conclusions:To address the challenges involved with slice‐based 3D prostate segmentation, a level set based method is proposed in this paper. This method is especially developed for a 3D end‐firing TRUS guided prostate biopsy system. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate, robust, and computationally efficient.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Novel Phage MG-B1 Infecting Bacillus weihenstephanensis
Authors: Redondo Rodrigo A. F. , Kupczok Anne , Stift Gertraud , Bollback Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we describe a novel virulent bacteriophage that infects
Bacillus weihenstephanensis
, isolated from soil in Austria. It is the first phage to be discovered that infects this species. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of this podovirus.
Genome Sequence of the Banana Pathogen Dickeya zeae Strain MS1, Which Causes Bacterial Soft Rot
Authors: Zhang Jing-Xin , Lin Bi-Run , Shen Hui-Fang , Pu Xiao-Ming 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report a draft genome sequence of
Dickeya zeae
strain MS1, which is the causative agent of banana soft rot in China, and we show several of its specific properties compared with those of other
D. zeae
strains. Genome sequencing provides a tool for understanding the genomic determination of the pathogenicity and phylogeny placement of this pathogen.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Microcystis aeruginosa TAIHU98, a Nontoxic Bloom-Forming Strain Isolated from Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Yang Chen , Zhang Wei , Ren Minglei , Song Lirong , Li Tao , Zhao Jindong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Microcystis aeruginosa
is a dominant bloom-forming cyanobacterium in many freshwater lakes. This report describes the first whole-genome sequence of the nontoxic strain of
M. aeruginosa
TAIHU98, which was isolated from Taihu Lake in eastern China.
Draft Genome Sequences of Mycoplasma alkalescens, Mycoplasma arginini, and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Three Species with Equivocal Pathogenic Status for Cattle
Authors: Manso-Silván Lucía , Tardy Florence , Baranowski Eric , Barré Aurélien , Blanchard Alain , Breton Marc , Couture Carole , Citti Christine , Dordet-Frisoni Emilie , Dupuy Virginie , Gaurivaud Patrice , Jacob Daniel , Lemaitre Claire , Nikolski Macha , Nouvel Laurent-Xavier , Poumarat François , Thébault Patricia , Theil Sébastien , Thiaucourt François , Sirand-Pugnet Pascal 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of
Mycoplasma alkalescens
,
Mycoplasma arginini
, and
Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
. These three species are regularly isolated from bovine clinical specimens, although their role in disease is unclear.
The first occurrence of
Chanaresuchus bonapartei
(Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia) of the Middle Triassic of Brazil from the
Santacruzodon
Assemblage Zone, Santa Maria Formation (Paraná Basin)
Authors: Raugust Tiago , Lacerda Marcel , Schultz Cesar Leandro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Proterochampsians are basal archosauriforms whose record is restricted to the Middle and Upper Triassic in Argentina and Brazil. They are quadruped forms that present characteristics consistent with a semi-aquatic lifestyle, such as an anteroposteriorly elongated skull that is flattened dorsoventrally with dorsally located orbits. In 2003, specimen UFRGS-PV-0877-T was discovered at the Schoenstadt site, in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul (
Santacruzodon
Assemblage Zone, Santa Maria Formation). This specimen, consisting of disarticulated cranial elements (such as nasals, frontals, parietals, postorbitals, a left squamosal, a left pterygoid and a fragment of a right mandibular ramus that bears teeth) and postcranial elements (such as femora, the left tibia, one vertebral centrum and two rib fragments), is assigned to the ‘proterochampsian’
Chanaresuchus bonapartei
Romer (1971)
. This assignment is based on the shared V-shaped frontal-parietal suture of the new specimen and
Chanaresuchus bonapartei
, which differs from the transversely aligned and zigzagged pattern of
C. ischigualastensis
.
Vandetanib in Children and Adolescents with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Associated Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Fox Elizabeth , Widemann Brigitte C. , Chuk Meredith K. , Marcus Leigh , Aikin Alberta , Whitcomb Patricia O. , Merino Maria J. , Lodish Maya , Dombi Eva , Steinberg Seth M. , Wells Samuel A. , Balis Frank M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndromes caused by germline, activating mutations in the RET (REarranged during Transfection) proto-oncogene. Vandetanib, a VEGF and EGF receptor inhibitor, blocks RET tyrosine kinase activity and is active in adults with hereditary MTC.
Experimental Design: We conducted a phase I/II trial of vandetanib for children (5–12 years) and adolescents (13–18 years) with MTC to define a recommended dose and assess antitumor activity. The starting dose was 100 mg/m2 administered orally, once daily, continuously for 28-day treatment cycles. The dose could be escalated to 150 mg/m2/d after two cycles. Radiographic response to vandetanib was quantified using RECIST (v1.0), biomarker response was measured by comparing posttreatment serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels to baseline, and a patient-reported outcome was used to assess clinical benefit.
Results: Sixteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic MTC received vandetanib for a median (range) 27 (2–52) cycles. Eleven patients remain on protocol therapy. Diarrhea was the primary dose-limiting toxicity. In subjects with M918T RET germline mutations (n = 15) the confirmed objective partial response rate was 47% (exact 95% confidence intervals, 21%–75%). Biomarker partial response was confirmed for calcitonin in 12 subjects and for CEA in 8 subjects.
Conclusion: Using an innovative trial design and selecting patients based on target gene expression, we conclude that vandetanib 100 mg/m2/d is a well-tolerated and highly active new treatment for children and adolescents with MEN2B and locally advanced or metastatic MTC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4239–48. ©2013 AACR.
Systematic Interrogation of 3q26 Identifies TLOC1 and SKIL as Cancer Drivers
Authors: Hagerstrand Daniel , Tong Alexander , Schumacher Steven E. , Ilic Nina , Shen Rhine R. , Cheung Hiu Wing , Vazquez Francisca , Shrestha Yashaswi , Kim So Young , Giacomelli Andrew O. , Rosenbluh Joseph , Schinzel Anna C. , Spardy Nicole A. , Barbie David A. , Mermel Craig H. , Weir Barbara A. , Garraway Levi A. , Tamayo Pablo , Mesirov Jill P. , Beroukhim Rameen , Hahn William C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
3q26 is frequently amplified in several cancer types with a common amplified region containing 20 genes. To identify cancer driver genes in this region, we interrogated the function of each of these genes by loss- and gain-of-function genetic screens. Specifically, we found that TLOC1 (SEC62) was selectively required for the proliferation of cell lines with 3q26 amplification. Increased TLOC1 expression induced anchorage-independent growth, and a second 3q26 gene, SKIL (SNON), facilitated cell invasion in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Expression of both TLOC1 and SKIL induced subcutaneous tumor growth. Proteomic studies showed that TLOC1 binds to DDX3X, which is essential for TLOC1-induced transformation and affected protein translation. SKIL induced invasion through upregulation of SLUG (SNAI2) expression. Together, these studies identify TLOC1 and SKIL as driver genes at 3q26 and more broadly suggest that cooperating genes may be coamplified in other regions with somatic copy number gain.
Significance: These studies identify TLOC1 and SKIL as driver genes in 3q26. These observations provide evidence that regions of somatic copy number gain may harbor cooperating genes of different but complementary functions. Cancer Discov; 3(9); 1044–57. ©2013 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 953
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Pharmacogenomic Variation in ZNF423 Regulation of BRCA1 Expression: Individualized Breast Cancer Prevention
Authors: Ingle James N. , Liu Mohan , Wickerham D. Lawrence , Schaid Daniel J. , Wang Liewei , Mushiroda Taisei , Kubo Michiaki , Costantino Joseph P. , Vogel Victor G. , Paik Soonmyung , Goetz Matthew P. , Ames Matthew M. , Jenkins Gregory D. , Batzler Anthony , Carlson Erin E. , Flockhart David A. , Wolmark Norman , Nakamura Yusuke , Weinshilboum Richard M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) tamoxifen and raloxifene can reduce the occurrence of breast cancer in high-risk women by 50%, but this U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved prevention therapy is not often used. We attempted to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in SERM breast cancer prevention, using DNA from the NSABP P-1 and P-2 breast cancer prevention trials. An initial discovery genome-wide association study identified common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in or near the ZNF423 and CTSO genes that were associated with breast cancer risk during SERM therapy. We then showed that both ZNF423 and CTSO participated in the estrogen-dependent induction of BRCA1 expression, in both cases with SNP-dependent variation in induction. ZNF423 appeared to be an estrogen-inducible BRCA1 transcription factor. The OR for differences in breast cancer risk during SERM therapy for subjects homozygous for both protective or both risk alleles for ZNF423 and CTSO was 5.71.
Significance: This study identified novel, functionally polymorphic genes involved in the estrogen-dependent regulation of BRCA1 expression, as well as a novel mechanism for genetic variation in SERM therapeutic effect. These observations, and definition of their underlying mechanisms, represent steps toward pharmacogenomically individualized SERM breast cancer prevention. Cancer Discov; 3(7); 812–25. ©2013 AACR.
See related commentary by Machiela and Chanock, p. 728
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 705
PKCβ Promotes Vascular Inflammation and Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic ApoE Null Mice
Authors: Kong Linghua , Shen Xiaoping , Lin Lili , Leitges Michael , Rosario Rosa , Zou Yu Shan , Yan Shi Fang 
Published: June 2013

Objective—
Subjects with diabetes mellitus are at high risk for developing atherosclerosis through a variety of mechanisms. Because the metabolism of glucose results in production of activators of protein kinase C (PKC)β, it was logical to investigate the role of PKCβ in modulation of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus.

Approach and Results—

ApoE
−/−
and PKCβ
−/−
/ApoE
−/−
mice were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. Quantification of atherosclerosis, gene expression profiling, or analysis of signaling molecules was performed on aortic sinus or aortas from diabetic mice. Diabetes mellitus–accelerated atherosclerosis increased the level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Jun-N-terminus kinase mitogen–activated protein kinases and augmented vascular expression of inflammatory mediators, as well as increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration and CD11c
+
cells accumulation in diabetic ApoE
−/−
mice, processes that were diminished in diabetic PKCβ
−/−
/ApoE
−/−
mice. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of PKCβ reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in diabetic ApoE
−/−
mice. In vitro, the inhibitors of PKCβ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, as well as small interfering RNA to Egr-1, significantly decreased high-glucose–induced expression of CD11c (integrin, alpha X 9complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit]), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, and interleukin-1β in U937 macrophages.

Conclusions—
These data link enhanced activation of PKCβ to accelerated diabetic atherosclerosis via a mechanism that includes modulation of gene transcription and signal transduction in the vascular wall, processes that contribute to acceleration of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Our results uncover a novel role for PKCβ in modulating CD11c expression and inflammatory response of macrophages in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis. These findings support PKCβ activation as a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of diabetic atherosclerosis.