bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor analysis of treatment outcomes from aUKspecialist addiction service: Relationship between theLeedsDependenceQuestionnaire,SocialSatisfactionQuestionnaire and 10‐itemClinicalOutcomes inRoutineEvaluation
Authors: Fairhurst Caroline , Böhnke Jan R. , Gabe Rhian , Croudace Tim J. , Tober Gillian , Raistrick Duncan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTo examine the relationship between three outcome measures used by a specialist addiction service (UK): the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ), the Social Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ) and the 10‐item Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE‐10).Design and MethodA clinical sample of 715 service user records was extracted from a specialist addiction service (2011) database. TheLDQ(dependence),SSQ(social satisfaction) andCORE‐10 (psychological distress) were routinely administered at the start of treatment and again between 3 and 12 months post‐treatment. A mixed pre/post‐treatment dataset of 526 service users was subjected to exploratory factor analysis.ParallelAnalysis and theHull method were used to suggest the most parsimonious factor solution.ResultsExploratory factor analysis with three factors accounted for 66.2% of the total variance butParallelAnalysis supported two factors as sufficient to account for observed correlations among items. In the two‐factor solution,LDQitems and nine of the 10CORE‐10 items loaded on the first factor>0.41, and theSSQitems on factor 2 with loadings>0.63. A two dimensional summary appears sufficient and clinically meaningful.Discussion and ConclusionsAmong specialist addiction service users, social satisfaction appears to be a unique construct of addiction and is not the same as variation due to psychological distress or dependence. Our interpretation of the findings is that dependence is best thought of as a specific psychological condition subsumed under the construct psychological distress.[Fairhurst C, Böhnke JR, Gabe R, Croudace TJ, Tober G, Raistrick D. Factor analysis of treatment outcomes from aUKspecialist addiction service: Relationship between theLeedsDependenceQuestionnaire,SocialSatisfactionQuestionnaire and 10‐itemClinicalOutcomes inRoutineEvaluation.Drug Alcohol Rev2014;33:643–650]
Coeliac disease presenting as severe hypoglycaemia in youth with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Khoury N. , Semenkovich K. , Arbeláez A. M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundCoeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder classically characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and poor growth. The disease can be difficult to recognize in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Some clinicians find treatment of the disease in asymptomatic individuals controversial.Case reportsTwo adolescent female patients with Type 1 diabetes experienced recurrent hypoglycaemic seizures. Neither patient reported gastrointestinal symptoms or poor growth. After diagnosis and treatment of coeliac disease, hypoglycaemia resolved.ConclusionThese cases illustrate how frequent unexplained severe hypoglycaemia can be an atypical presentation of coeliac disease in youth with Type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of screening and treatment of coeliac disease in asymptomatic patients with Type 1 diabetes. Although controversial, management of coeliac disease in these asymptomatic patients can prevent the vicious cycle of recurrent hypoglycaemia and decrease risk for morbidity and death.
Climate change and habitat fragmentation drive the occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, at the northeastern limit of its distribution
Authors: Simon Julie A. , Marrotte Robby R. , Desrosiers Nathalie , Fiset Jessica , Gaitan Jorge , Gonzalez Andrew , Koffi Jules K. , Lapointe Francois‐Joseph , Leighton Patrick A. , Lindsay Lindsay R. , Logan Travis , Milord Francois , Ogden Nicholas H. , Rogic Anita , Roy‐Dufresne Emilie , Suter Daniel , Tessier Nathalie , Millien Virginie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLyme borreliosis is rapidly emerging in Canada, and climate change is likely a key driver of the northern spread of the disease in North America. We used field and modeling approaches to predict the risk of occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria causing Lyme disease in North America. We combined climatic and landscape variables to model the current and future (2050) potential distribution of the black‐legged tick and the white‐footed mouse at the northeastern range limit of Lyme disease and estimated a risk index for B. burgdorferi from these distributions. The risk index was mostly constrained by the distribution of the white‐footed mouse, driven by winter climatic conditions. The next factor contributing to the risk index was the distribution of the black‐legged tick, estimated from the temperature. Landscape variables such as forest habitat and connectivity contributed little to the risk index. We predict a further northern expansion of B. burgdorferi of approximately 250–500 km by 2050 – a rate of 3.5–11 km per year – and identify areas of rapid rise in the risk of occurrence of B. burgdorferi. Our results will improve understanding of the spread of Lyme disease and inform management strategies at the most northern limit of its distribution.
Applied equine genetics
Authors: Finno C. J. , Bannasch D. L. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryGenome sequencing of the domestic horse and subsequent advancements in the field of equine genomics have led to an explosion in the development of tools for mapping traits and diseases and evaluating gene expression. The objective of this review is to discuss the current progress in the field of equine genomics, with specific emphasis on assembly and analysis of the reference sequence and subsequent sequencing of a Quarter Horse mare; the genomic tools currently available to researchers and their implications in genomic investigations in the horse; the genomics of Mendelian and non‐Mendelian traits; the genomics of performance traits and considerations regarding genetic testing in the horse. The whole‐genome sequencing of a Quarter Horse mare has provided additional variants within the equine genome that extend past single nucleotide polymorphisms to include insertions/deletions and copy number variants. Equine single nucleotide polymorphism arrays have allowed for the investigation of both simple and complex genetic traits while DNA microarrays have provided a tool for examining gene expression across various tissues and with certain disease conditions. Recently, next‐generation sequencing has become more affordable and both whole‐genome DNA sequencing and transcriptome‐wide RNA sequencing are methodologies that are being applied to equine genomic research. Research in the field of equine genomics continues to expand rapidly as the cost of genotyping and sequencing decreases, resulting in a need for quality bioinformatics software and expertise to appropriately handle both the size and complexity of these data.
Epidemiology of shivering (shivers) in horses
Authors: Draper A. C. E. , Bender J. B. , Firshman A. M. , Baird J. D. , Reed S. , Mayhew I. G. , Valberg S. J. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryReasons for perfoming studyInvestigating the epidemiology of shivering in horses.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to characterise the signalment, clinical signs and management factors associated with shivering (also known as shivers), a relatively rare, poorly defined movement disorder in horses.Study designWeb‐based case series survey and case–control study.MethodsA Web‐based survey was used to obtain information from owners, worldwide, who suspected that their horse had shivering. Survey respondents were asked to answer standardised questions and to provide a video of the horse. Authors reviewed the surveys and videos, and horses were diagnosed with shivering if they displayed normal forward walking, with difficulty during manual lifting of the hoof and backward walking due to hyperflexion or hyperextension of the pelvic limbs. Cases confirmed by video were designated ‘confirmed shivering’, while those with compatible clinical signs but lacking video confirmation were designated ‘suspected shivering’. Owners of confirmed shivering horses were asked to provide information on 2 horses without signs of shivering (control group).ResultsThree hundred and five surveys and 70 videos were received; 27 horses were confirmed shivering (50 controls), 67 were suspected shivering and the rest had a variety of other movement disorders. Suspected shivering horses resembled confirmed shivering cases, except that the suspected shivering group contained fewer draught breeds and fewer horses with exercise intolerance. Confirmed shivering signs often began at <5 years of age and progressed in 74% of cases. Owner‐reported additional clinical signs in confirmed cases included muscle twitching (85%), muscle atrophy (44%), reduced strength (33%) and exercise intolerance (33%). Shivering horses were significantly taller (confirmed shivering, mean ∼173 cm; control horses, ∼163 cm) with a higher male:female ratio (confirmed shivering, 3.2:1 vs. control, 1.7:1). No potential triggering factors or effective treatments were reported.ConclusionsShivering is a chronic, often gradually progressive movement disorder that usually begins before 7 years of age and has a higher prevalence in tall male horses.
Vitiligo treatment demystified: a flowchart for stratified treatment approaches
Authors: Tung Rebecca , Le Poole I. Caroline 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe recent publication by Anbar et al. in the April issue of this journal, delineating and prioritizing treatment options for vitiligo, is both timely and significant. First and foremost, this work brings to the forefront the important message that vitiligo truly is a treatable disease. All too often, patients refrain from seeking treatment as public opinion dictates that vitiligo is not an important disease, there are no effective treatments available, and insurance will not cover attempts to treat. By providing clear guidelines of treatments to be considered, practicing physicians seeing an occasional vitiligo patient will be more readily inclined to explore the possibilities currently available for enhancing the quality of life of this patient group.
Comparing and modifying penaeid beam and otter trawls to improve ecological efficiencies
Authors: McHugh M. J. , Broadhurst M. K. , Sterling D. J. , Millar R. B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the selectivity and engineering performances of generic penaeid trawls, three established and one novel spreading‐mechanism configurations were assessed: otter boards attached (1) with and (2) without 3.15‐m sweeps to a 7.35‐m headline trawl, and a beam rigged directly to a 9.19‐m trawl (3) with and (4) without a horizontal wire and plastic streamers. Despite more surface area (7.5 vs 6.0 m2), both beam‐trawl configurations had significantly lower drag than the otter trawls (≤30%). When catches were standardised to per ha, the otter trawl with sweeps retained significantly more (1.3–2.4 times) school prawns, Metapenaeus macleayi (Haswell), than the other three configurations. Within systems, removing sweeps or adding a horizontal wire significantly reduced the unwanted catches of a key teleost (southern herring, Herklotsichthys castelnaui Ogilby) by 41 and 48%. The results illustrate the utility of simple anterior modifications for independently addressing penaeid‐trawling environmental issues.
Larval dispersal and population connectivity among a network of marine reserves
Authors: Puckett Brandon J. , Eggleston David B. , Kerr Patrick C. , Luettich Richard A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA major challenge in marine ecology is describing patterns of larval dispersal and population connectivity, as well as their underlying processes. We used a biophysical model to simulate dispersal of eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, larvae and connectivity among a network of 10 no‐take reserves in a shallow, wind‐driven estuary to assess the relative importance of spawning location, spawning date, larval behavior, larval mortality, and adult reproductive output to predicted dispersal and connectivity patterns. The location (i.e., natal reserve) and date of spawning relative to physical processes, particularly frequency of wind reversals, were the dominant drivers of dispersal and connectivity patterns. To a lesser extent, larval behavior (i.e., 3D vertical advection and ontogenetic depth regulation) and mortality modified dispersal and connectivity, whereas spatiotemporal variability in adult reproductive output was of minimal importance. Over a 21‐day larval duration, mean dispersal distance of passive surface particles ranged from 5 to 40 km. Reserves were too small (1 km2) relative to mean dispersal distances to promote extensive local retention (median 2%) and spaced too far apart (typically ~50 km) to promote extensive inter‐reserve connectivity (median 2%). Limited connectivity and local retention may preclude the network from being self‐sustainable, thereby limiting its long‐term conservation and management benefits. In reserve systems characterized by limited connectivity, management efforts should focus on increasing connectivity by increasing the number or size of reserves to realize the benefits of improved adult demographics within reserves.
Modelling the dispersal of herring and hake larvae in the Strait of Georgia for the period 2007–2009
Authors: Snauffer Evgeniya L. , Masson Diane , Allen Susan E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Strait of Georgia (SoG), between Vancouver Island and mainland British Columbia, is a larval rearing ground for both hake and herring stocks, which are commercially important. Year‐to‐year variability in larval retention within the strait is examined by simulating drift tracks of larvae for these species using an ocean circulation model and a particle‐tracking model. Larvae with different vertical swimming behaviors were tracked in the springs of 2007, 2008, and 2009. Since herring larvae mostly stay near the surface, their distribution is heavily influenced by the wind. Strong winds to the north soon after the hatching period tend to wash herring larvae out of SoG and winds to the south help retain herring larvae inside the Strait. In 2007, the model indicates a massive wind‐driven export of herring larvae which may have led to the observed failure of herring production. In contrast, hake larvae reside deeper in the water column (50–200 m). Their distribution is less sensitive to surface forcing but is shaped by a deep gyre with cross‐strait currents. This study also suggests that the northern and southern SoG are weakly connected for herring larvae dispersal, which makes both regions potentially important to recruitment.
Fish determine macroinvertebrate food webs and assemblage structure in Greenland subarctic streams
Authors: González‐Bergonzoni Ivan , Landkildehus Frank , Meerhoff Mariana , Lauridsen Torben L. , Özkan Korhan , Davidson Thomas A. , Mazzeo Nestor , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: May 2014

SummaryClimate warming in (sub)arctic regions is expected to increase freshwater fish overwinter survival and dispersal, potentially with strong implications for macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and ecosystem processes. Several studies worldwide have shown large effects of top predators (usually fish) on macroinvertebrates in streams. However, the influence of top predators on trophic diversity, the range of food resources exploited and trophic niche redundancy is less well studied, particularly in cold regions.Using stable isotopes (13C and15N) and fish gut content analysis, we investigated the effect of top predators on macroinvertebrate food webs in streams in Greenland by comparing adjacent sites with and without fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus).Food‐web metrics estimated from stable isotope data showed that the presence of fish reduced the diversity of food sources exploited by macroinvertebrates as well as their trophic diversity. In addition, fish presence increased packing and trophic redundancy of macroinvertebrate taxa in the food web, possibly due to behavioural changes in foraging activity. Furthermore, predatory macroinvertebrate taxa were unable to attain the trophic position of fish so that food webs were one trophic level longer in streams with fish. Focusing on macroinvertebrate food webs alone, predatory macroinvertebrates did not change their trophic position in the presence of fish.Filter feeders dominated the macroinvertebrate assemblage when fish were present, while the relative abundance of collector‐gatherers was marginally higher in the fishless streams. This pattern was consistent with stronger selectivity for collector‐gatherers by fish.Climate‐driven fish colonisation in currently fishless Greenland streams may induce a shift in macroinvertebrate food webs, with a reduction in both trophic diversity and the variety of food sources consumed. To some extent, this might counteract a change towards a broader use of food resources by macroinvertebrates that might otherwise be expected at higher temperatures. In addition, a shift in the macroinvertebrate assemblage towards dominance of filter feeders can be expected to promote an increase in periphyton biomass in streams with fish.
Dispersal distance and the pool of taxa, but not barriers, determine the colonisation of restored river reaches by benthic invertebrates
Authors: Tonkin Jonathan D. , Stoll Stefan , Sundermann Andrea , Haase Peter 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Restoration is an increasingly central theme in river ecology. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the species pool in the surrounding river network for determining colonisation of restored river reaches by both invertebrates and fish.

Using a comprehensive data set of 21 river restoration sites and 292 sites in the immediate surroundings, we tested the influence of distance to nearest colonist source on invertebrate colonisation based on a comparison of river network distances and Euclidean distances, expecting river network distances would better align with colonisation rates. We then assessed the importance of dispersal distance in relation to several other parameters, such as the number and intensity of barriers along the river network, surrounding taxon pool occupancy rate, physical characteristics of the restored sites and restoration techniques used in determining colonisation of commonly occurring benthic invertebrates.

We hypothesised that (i) distance would be critical, with colonisation of restored sites declining with increasing distance; (ii) barriers between these sites would be a minor, but taxon‐specific, influence on the colonisation; and (iii) the higher the regional pool occupancy rate of a certain taxon, the higher its probability of presence at a restored site.

Overall, taxon pool occupancy rate was the most important driver of colonisation likelihood, followed by distance to nearest source, with the first kilometre particularly important. The effect of barriers was minor but significant, and taxon identity had no effect on the predictive ability of the model. Factors associated with the restoration projects such as techniques used and physical characteristics had minor influences, being completely outweighed by taxon pool and dispersal‐related factors.

To gauge the likelihood of successful outcomes of habitat restoration projects, we suggest it is important to assess regional taxon pools and ensure distances between healthy populations are minimised. These results clearly emphasise the importance of spatial planning for restoration projects.
Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota
Authors: Constable Andrew J. , Melbourne‐Thomas Jessica , Corney Stuart P. , Arrigo Kevin R. , Barbraud Christophe , Barnes David K. A. , Bindoff Nathaniel L. , Boyd Philip W. , Brandt Angelika , Costa Daniel P. , Davidson Andrew T. , Ducklow Hugh W. , Emmerson Louise , Fukuchi Mitsuo , Gutt Julian , Hindell Mark A. , Hofmann Eileen E. , Hosie Graham W. , Iida Takahiro , Jacob Sarah , Johnston Nadine M. , Kawaguchi So , Kokubun Nobuo , Koubbi Philippe , Lea Mary‐Anne , Makhado Azwianewi , Massom Rob A. , Meiners Klaus , Meredith Michael P. , Murphy Eugene J. , Nicol Stephen , Reid Keith , Richerson Kate , Riddle Martin J. , Rintoul Stephen R. , Smith Walker O. , Southwell Colin , Stark Jonathon S. , Sumner Michael , Swadling Kerrie M. , Takahashi Kunio T. , Trathan Phil N. , Welsford Dirk C. , Weimerskirch Henri , Westwood Karen J. , Wienecke Barbara C. , Wolf‐Gladrow Dieter , Wright Simon W. , Xavier Jose C. , Ziegler Philippe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAntarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes inASOphysical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis forASOmarine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole‐ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole‐ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species‐specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.