bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper‐Catalyzed Borylative Allyl–Allyl Coupling Reaction
Authors: Semba Kazuhiko , Bessho Naoto , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBorylative allyl–allyl coupling using allenes, bis(pinacolato)diboron, and allyl phosphates has been developed in the presence of a copper catalyst bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand. The reaction affords boryl‐substituted 1,5‐diene derivatives in good to high yields with high regioselectivity and Z selectivity.
Chemical Synthesis of Syndecan‐3 Glycopeptides Bearing Two Heparan Sulfate Glycan Chains
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Yang Bo , Yang Weizhun , Zhang Zeren , Zhang Jicheng , Huang Xuefei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDespite the ubiquitous presence of proteoglycans in mammalian systems, methodologies to synthesize this class of glycopeptides with homogeneous glycans are not well developed. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a glycosaminoglycan family glycopeptide containing two different heparan sulfate chains, namely the extracellular domain of syndecan‐3. With the large size and tremendous structural complexity of these molecules, multiple unexpected obstacles were encountered during the synthesis, including high sensitivity to base treatment and the instability of glycopeptides with two glycan chains towards catalytic hydrogenation conditions. A successful strategy was established by constructing the partially deprotected single glycan chain containing glycopeptides first, followed by union of the glycan‐bearing fragments and cleavage of the ester‐type protecting groups. This work lays the foundation for preparing other members of this important class of molecules.
One‐Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Merochlorin A and B
Authors: Teufel Robin , Kaysser Leonard , Villaume Matthew T. , Diethelm Stefan , Carbullido Mary K. , Baran Phil S. , Moore Bradley S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe polycycles merochlorin A and B are complex halogenated meroterpenoid natural products with significant antibacterial activities and are produced by the marine bacterium Streptomyces sp. strain CNH‐189. Heterologously produced enzymes and chemical synthesis are employed herein to fully reconstitute the merochlorin biosynthesis in vitro. The interplay of a dedicated type III polyketide synthase, a prenyl diphosphate synthase, and an aromatic prenyltransferase allow formation of a highly unusual aromatic polyketide‐terpene hybrid intermediate which features an unprecedented branched sesquiterpene moiety from isosesquilavandulyl diphosphate. As supported by in vivo experiments, this precursor is furthermore chlorinated and cyclized to merochlorin A and isomeric merochlorin B by a single vanadium‐dependent haloperoxidase, thus completing the remarkably efficient pathway.
Study of the effect of processing conditions on the co‐injection of PBS/PBAT and PTT/PBT blends for parts with increased bio‐content
Authors: Zaverl Matthew , Valerio Oscar , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis work studies the effect of processing parameters on mechanical properties and material distribution of co‐injected polymer blends within a complex mold shape. A partially bio‐sourced blend of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) PTT/PBT was used for the core, with a tough biodegradable blend of poly (butylene succinate) and poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) PBS/PBAT for the skin. A ½ factorial design of experiments is used to identify significant processing parameters from skin and core melt temperatures, injection speed and pressure, and mold temperature. Interactions between the processing effects are considered, and the resulting statistical data produced accurate linear models indicating that the co‐injection of the two blends can be controlled. Impact strength of the normally brittle PTT/PBT blend is shown to increase significantly with co‐injection and variations in core to skin volume ratios to have a determining role in the overall impact strength. Scanning electron microscope images were taken of co‐injected tensile samples with the PBS/PBAT skin dissolved displaying variations of mechanical interlocking occurring between the two blends. © 2014 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41278.
Bio‐based polymeric resin from agricultural waste, neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake, for green composites
Authors: Rahman Muhammad M. , Ho Kelly , Netravali Anil N. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTProtein‐based polymeric resin has been developed from nonconventional and nonedible “neem seed cake (NSC)” that has very limited low‐value applications. Neem protein (NP), after extraction from defatted NSC, was used to prepare resin with two common plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol). Properties of the NP resin sheets were evaluated as a function of plasticizer content. Increase of plasticizer content in NP sheets from 15 to 30% (w/w) enhanced fracture strain with a reduction in tensile strength, modulus, and thermal properties. Sorbitol‐plasticized NP sheets showed better mechanical and thermal properties in comparison to glycerol‐plasticized sheets. Effect of cross‐linking with glyoxal on the mechanical and thermal properties of sorbitol‐plasticized NP sheets was also investigated. Properties improved significantly at 10% (w/w) glyoxal content. Overall, with the enhanced properties of NP sheets, NP can be a viable alternative for edible protein‐based resin for making green composites. NP resin can also be used to replace some synthetic resins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 10.1002/app.41291.
Polymeric PEGylated nanoparticles as drug carriers: How preparation and loading procedures influence functional properties
Authors: Gagliardi Mariacristina 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe application of emerging nanotechnologies in medicine showed in the last years a significant potential in the improvement of therapies. In particular, polymeric nanocarriers are currently tested to evaluate their capability to reduce side effects, to increase the residence time in the body and also to obtain a controlled release over time. In the present work a novel polymeric nanocarrier was developed and optimized to obtain, with the same chemical formulation, three different typologies of nanocarriers: dense nanospheres loaded with an active molecule (1) during nanoparticle formation and (2) after the preparation and (3) hollow nanocapsules to increase the starting drug payload. Synthetic materials considered were PEGylated acrylic copolymers, folic acid was used as model of a hydrophobic drug. The main aim is to develop an optimized nanocarrier for the transport and the enhanced release of poorly water‐soluble drugs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41310.
Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on synthesis of thermoplastic cellulose‐Graft‐poly(l‐lactide) copolymer using ionic liquid as reaction media
Authors: Lee Sung Jun , Lee Hae Sung , Jeong Sang Won , Kim Hyun‐Chul , Lee Se Geun , Oh Tae Hwan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, ring‐opening graft polymerization of l‐lactide onto cellulose was carried out homogeneously in ionic liquid (IL)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) co‐solvent as a reaction media. Through the effective control of high viscosity and steric hindrance caused by the interaction between the IL and the hydroxyl group of cellulose by adding DMSO as a co‐solvent, cellulose‐graft‐poly(l‐lactide) (Cell‐g‐PLLA) copolymer with higher substitution efficiency was successfully prepared, at relatively low concentration of l‐lactide. The maximum values of molar substitution, degree of lactyl substitution, and degree of polymerization of poly(l‐lactide) in the copolymer were 3.76, 1.74, and 2.16, respectively, determined by 1H‐NMR. The prepared cell‐g‐PLLA copolymers showed thermal plasticization with a glass transition temperature of 155°C. In addition, the thermal processibility could be improved as the amount of grafted PLLA in the copolymer increased. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41331.
Total Syntheses of Lycoposerramine‐V and 5‐epi‐Lycoposerramine‐V
Authors: Zhang Lan‐De , Zhou Ting‐Ting , Qi Sen‐Xing , Xi Jie , Yang Xiao‐Liang , Yao Zhu‐Jun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEnantioselective total syntheses of lycopodium alkaloids lycoposerramine‐V and 5‐epi‐lycoposerramine‐V have been accomplished. Features of the newly established total synthesis include: 1) introduction of the first chiral center with a scalable desymmetrization reaction of an meso‐anhydride; 2) chemoselective functionalization of a bis‐Weinreb‐amide with Grignard addition; and 3) construction of the multifunctionalized cyclohexanone with a stereoselective intramolecular Michael addition.
Untargeted metabolite profiling of murine embryos to reveal metabolic perturbations associated with neural tube closure defects
Authors: Hansler Alex , Chen Qiuying , Gray Jason D. , Ross M. Elizabeth , Finnell Richard H. , Gross Steven S. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundNeural tube closure defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital malformation in human, typically presenting in liveborns as spina bifida. At least 240 gene mutations in mouse are known to increase the risk of NTD. There is a growing appreciation that environmental factors significantly contribute to NTD expression, and that NTDs likely arise from complex gene‐environment interactions. Because maternal folic acid supplementation reduces human NTD risk in some populations by 60 to 70%, it is likely that NTD predisposition is often associated with a defect in folate‐dependent one‐carbon metabolism. A comprehensive, untargeted metabolic survey of NTD‐associated changes in embryo metabolism would provide a valuable test of this assumption. We sought to establish a metabolic profiling platform that is capable of broadly assessing metabolic aberrations associated with NTD‐promoting gene mutations in early‐stage mouse embryos.MethodsA liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based untargeted metabolite profiling platform was used to broadly identify significant differences in small molecule levels (50–1000 Da) in NTD‐affected embryonic day (E) 9.5 mouse embryos (Lrp6−/−) versus unaffected (Lrp6+/+) control embryos.ResultsResults provide proof‐of‐principal feasibility for the broad survey of the metabolome of individual E9.5 mouse embryos and identification of metabolic changes associated with NTDs and gene mutations. Levels of 30 different metabolites were altered in association with Lrp6 gene deletion. Some metabolites link to folate‐dependent one‐carbon transfer reactions, as anticipated, while others await structure elucidation and pathway integration.ConclusionWhole‐embryo metabolomics offers the potential to identify metabolic changes in genetically determined NTD‐prone embryos. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:623–632, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitive determination of carbidopa through the electrochemiluminescence of luminol at graphene‐modified electrodes
Authors: Hosseini Morteza , Mirzanasiri Nooshin , Rezapour Morteza , Sheikhha Mohammad Hasan , Faridbod Farnoush , Norouzi Parviz , Ganjali Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUsing the concept of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), a sensitive analytical method for the determination of carbidopa is described. Electro‐oxidation of carbidopa on the surface of a graphene oxide (GO)‐modified gold electrode (GE) leads to enhancement of the weak emission of oxidized luminol. Under optimum experimental conditions, the ECL signal increases linearly with increasing carbidopa concentrations over a range of 1.0 × 10‐9–1.7 × 10‐7 M, with a detection limit of 7.4 × 10‐10 M. The proposed ECL method was successfully used for the determination of carbidopa in urine samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effect of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei enzyme sets on the saccharification of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse
Authors: van den Brink Joost , Maitan‐Alfenas Gabriela Piccolo , Zou Gen , Wang Chengshu , Zhou Zhihua , Guimarães Valéria Monteze , de Vries Ronald P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPlant‐degrading enzymes can be produced by fungi on abundantly available low‐cost plant biomass. However, enzymes sets after growth on complex substrates need to be better understood, especially with emphasis on differences between fungal species and the influence of inhibitory compounds in plant substrates, such as monosaccharides. In this study, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei were evaluated for the production of enzyme sets after growth on two “second generation” substrates: wheat straw (WS) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). A. niger and T. reesei produced different sets of (hemi‐)cellulolytic enzymes after growth on WS and SCB. This was reflected in an overall strong synergistic effect in releasing sugars during saccharification using A. niger and T. reesei enzyme sets. T. reesei produced less hydrolytic enzymes after growth on non‐washed SCB. The sensitivity to non‐washed plant substrates was not reduced by using CreA/Cre1 mutants of T. reesei and A. niger with a defective carbon catabolite repression. The importance of removing monosaccharides for producing enzymes was further underlined by the decrease in hydrolytic activities with increased glucose concentrations in WS media. This study showed the importance of removing monosaccharides from the enzyme production media and combining T. reesei and A. niger enzyme sets to improve plant biomass saccharification.
Biocatalytic coatings for air pollution control: A proof of concept study on VOC biodegradation
Authors: Estrada José M. , Bernal Oscar I. , Flickinger Michael C. , Muñoz Raúl , Deshusses Marc A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough biofilm‐based biotechnologies exhibit a large potential as solutions for off‐gas treatment, the high water content of biofilms often causes pollutant mass transfer limitations, which ultimately limit their widespread application. The present study reports on the proof of concept of the applicability of bioactive latex coatings for air pollution control. Toluene vapors served as a model volatile organic compound (VOC). The results showed that Pseudomonas putida F1 cells could be successfully entrapped in nanoporous latex coatings while preserving their toluene degradation activity. Bioactive latex coatings exhibited toluene specific biodegradation rates 10 times higher than agarose‐based biofilms, because the thin coatings were less subject to diffusional mass transfer limitations. Drying and pollutant starvation were identified as key factors inducing a gradual deterioration of the biodegradation capacity in these innovative coatings. This study constitutes the first application of bioactive latex coatings for VOC abatement. These coatings could become promising means for air pollution control. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 263–271. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple approaches to predicting oxygen and glucose consumptions by HepG2 cells on porous scaffolds in an axial‐flow bioreactor
Authors: Podichetty Jagdeep T. , Bhaskar Prasana R. , Singarapu Kumar , Madihally Sundararajan V. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, the distribution of oxygen and glucose was evaluated along with consumption by hepatocytes using three different approaches. The methods include (i) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, (ii) residence time distribution (RTD) analysis using a step‐input coupled with segregation model or dispersion model, and (iii) experimentally determined consumption by HepG2 cells in an open‐loop. Chitosan‐gelatin (CG) scaffolds prepared by freeze‐drying and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds prepared by salt leaching technique were utilized for RTD analyses. The scaffold characteristics were used in CFD simulations i.e. Brinkman's equation for flow through porous medium, structural mechanics for fluid induced scaffold deformation, and advection‐diffusion equation coupled with Michaelis–Menten rate equations for nutrient consumption. With the assumption that each hepatocyte behaves like a micro‐batch reactor within the scaffold, segregation model was combined with RTD to determine exit concentration. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was used in the bioreactor seeded with 0.6 × 106 HepG2 cells/cm3 on CG scaffolds and oxygen consumption was measured using two flow‐through electrodes located at the inlet and outlet. Glucose in the spent growth medium was also analyzed. RTD results showed distribution of nutrients to depend on the surface characteristics of scaffolds. Comparisons of outlet oxygen concentrations between the simulation results, and experimental results showed good agreement with the dispersion model. Outlet oxygen concentrations from segregation model predictions were lower. Doubling the cell density showed a need for increasing the flow rate in CFD simulations. This integrated approach provide a useful strategy in designing bioreactors and monitoring tissue regeneration. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 393–404. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced production of fatty alcohols by engineering the TAGs synthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tang Xiaoling , Chen Wei Ning 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe production of fatty acid‐derived chemicals has received a great deal of attention in recent years. In yeast cells, the main storage forms of fatty acids are TAGs. However, the conversion of TAGs into fatty acid derivatives suffers from a practical standpoint. Herein, a more direct strategy was applied to accumulate cellular fatty acyl‐CoAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are the activated forms of fatty acids and used as important precursors for various converting enzymes. The dga1 gene was deleted to block the fatty acyl‐CoAs dependent pathway of TAGs synthesis and a significant decrease in lipid content was observed. The FAR gene was cloned and overexpressed in the wild type strain and gene disrupted strain, to convert the fatty acyl‐CoAs to the corresponding fatty acid derivatives. The metabolic engineered pathway resulted in enhanced production of fatty alcohols. Compared with the wild type strain with overexpressed FAR gene, the yield of fatty alcohols in the Δdga1 strain with FAR was dramatically increased: the intracellular fatty alcohols increased from 26 mg/L to 45 mg/L, while the extracellular fatty alcohols increased from 2.2 mg/L to 4.3 mg/L. By optimizing the culture medium with increased carbon concentration and limited nitrogen concentration, the fatty alcohols yield in the Δdga1 strain with FAR was further increased to 84 mg/L in cells and 14 mg/L secreted in broth. The results in this study demonstrated the feasibility of using the designed strategy to solve the bottleneck in utilizing TAGs for fatty acid derivatives production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 386–392. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of recombinant proteins in microalgae at pilot greenhouse scale
Authors: Gimpel Javier A. , Hyun James S. , Schoepp Nathan G. , Mayfield Stephen P. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRecombinant protein production in microalgae chloroplasts can provide correctly folded proteins in significant quantities and potentially inexpensive costs compared to other heterologous protein production platforms. The best results have been achieved by using the psbA promoter and 5′ untranslated region (UTR) to drive the expression of heterologous genes in a psbA‐deficient, non‐photosynthetic, algal host. Unfortunately, using such a strategy makes the system unviable for large scale cultivation using natural sunlight for photosynthetic growth. In this study we characterized eight different combinations of 5′ regulatory regions and psbA coding sequences for their ability to restore photosynthesis in a psbA‐deficient Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while maintaining robust accumulation of a commercially viable recombinant protein driven by the psbA promoter/5′UTR. The recombinant protein corresponded to bovine Milk Amyloid A (MAA), which is present in milk colostrum and could be used to prevent infectious diarrhea in mammals. This approach allowed us to identify photosynthetic strains that achieved constitutive production of MAA when grown photosynthetically in 100 L bags in a greenhouse. Under these conditions, the maximum MAA expression achieved was 1.86% of total protein, which corresponded to 3.28 mg/L of culture medium. Within our knowledge, this is the first report of a recombinant protein being produced this way in microalgae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 339–345. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐year outcome from an all‐comers population of patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with biolimus‐eluting stent with biodegradable polymer
Authors: Tomai Fabrizio , De Luca Leonardo , Altamura Luca , Versaci Francesco , Pennacchi Mauro , Proietti Igino , Ghini Anna S. , Corvo Pierfrancesco , De Persio Giovanni , Petrolini Alessandro , Tommasino Antonella , Sardella Gennaro 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of biolimus‐eluting stent (BES) in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a real world clinical scenario.BackgroundRandomized studies suggest that the BES with biodegradable polymer is more effective and safe than early generation coronary stents in patients with STEMI.MethodsWe included all consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PCI in this prospective, multicenter registry. The primary endpoint of the study was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction and ischemia‐driven target vessel revascularization at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsBetween June and December 2012 we enrolled 311 STEMI patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 3.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.6–5.8) of patients: cardiac death, re‐infarction, and ischemia‐driven TVR occurred in 2.3%, 1.3%, and 0.6% of patients, respectively. One‐year MACE‐free survival was 96.8% ± 1.0%.ConclusionsIn a real‐world cohort of STEMI patients undergoing PCI, the use of BES is associated with good 1‐year clinical outcome. These results confirm and expand previous findings showing the efficacy and safety of BES in the setting of randomized trials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.