bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of neuregulin-1(NRG-1) expression in a rat model of overactive bladder induced by partial urethral obstruction: is NRG-1 a new biomarker of overactive bladder?
Authors: Jang Hoon , Han Dong Seok , Yuk Seung Mo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
To determine whether neuregulin-1(NRG-1) is a potential new biomarker of overactive bladder (OAB) induced by partial urethral obstruction in a rat model of OAB and to evaluate the urothelium as a therapeutic target of OAB.

Methods
Female Sprague–Dawley rats were separated into three 20-animal groups: normal, OAB, and 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5-HMT)-treated OAB. In the OAB and OAB + 5-HMT groups, the urethra of each animal was partially obstructed; the OAB + 5-HMT group received intravenous 5-HMT for 3 weeks. At the conclusion of the 5-HMT dosing, the rats in each group underwent cystometrography, and the bladders were histologically evaluated. The expression of brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NRG-1 were evaluated in the urothelium.

Results
Compared with the control group, the OAB group showed a markedly increased bladder weight and a significant decrease in the micturition interval and volume; rats in the OAB + 5-HMT group showed decreased bladder weights and an improved micturition interval and volume. BDNF and NRG-1 were expressed at significantly higher levels in the OAB group, and were significantly reduced in the OAB + 5-HMT group compared with the control group.

Conclusions
The study suggests that NRG-1 is a potential new biomarker of OAB; the urothelium might be a therapeutic target for OAB treatment.
Attitudes toward working in rural areas of Thai medical, dental and pharmacy new graduates in 2012: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Thammatacharee Noppakun , Suphanchaimat Rapeepong , Wisaijohn Thunthita , Limwattananon Supon , Putthasri Weerasak 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundInequity in health workforce distribution has been a national concern of the Thai health service for decades. The government has launched various policies to increase the distribution of health workforces to rural areas. However, little is known regarding the attitudes of health workers and the factors influencing their decision to work in rural areas. This study aimed to explore the current attitudes of new medical, dental and pharmacy graduates as well as determine the linkage between their characteristics and the preference for working in rural areas.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted, using self-administered questionnaires, with a total of 1,225 medical, dental and pharmacy graduates. They were participants of the meeting arranged by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) on 1–2 April 2012. Descriptive statistics using mean and percentage, and inferential statistics using logistic regression with marginal effects, were applied for data analysis.ResultsThere were 754 doctors (44.4%), 203 dentists (42.6%) and 268 pharmacists (83.8%) enrolled in the survey. Graduates from all professions had positive views towards working in rural areas. Approximately 22% of doctors, 31% of dentists and 52% of pharmacists selected ‘close proximity to hometown’ as the most important reason for workplace selection. The multivariable analysis showed a variation in attributes associated with the tendency to work in rural areas across professions. In case of doctors, special track graduates had a 10% higher tendency to prefer rural work than those recruited through the national entrance examination.ConclusionsThe majority of graduates chose to work in community hospitals, and attitudes towards rural work were quite positive. In-depth analysis found that factors influencing their choice varied between professions. Special track recruitment positively influenced the selection of rural workplaces among new doctors attending the MOPH annual meeting for workplace selection. This policy innovation should be applied to dentists and pharmacists as well. However, implementing a single policy without supporting strategies, or failing to consider different characteristics between professions, might not be effective. Future study of attitudes and factors contributing to the selection of, and retention in, rural service of both new graduates and in-service professionals was recommended.
Islam and Minorities: Managing Identity in Malaysia
Authors: Suaedy Ahmad 
Published: October 2013

The Malaysian general election in March 2008 raised an interesting and new phenomenon. For the first time since independence in 1957, the ruling alliance known as the National Front (Barisan Nasional, BN) failed to secure two thirds of seats in parliament and lost control of five of Malaysia’s 13 states. This was due to the challenge presented by the new opposition alliance known as the Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif, BA) or the People’s Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat, PK) which won more than 36% of seats in parliament and gained control of the five states. In the 2004 election, BN secured the largest ever percentage of seats in parliament with 91%. What is interesting is that it seems that this significant increase in support for the opposition is due to their offer to change the way minorities and ethnicity is managed. They propose a move from “Bumiputera Supremacy”, or affirmative action for the approximately 65% of “Bumiputera” Malaysians (the rest being largely of Chinese or Indian ethnicity), to “The People’s Supremacy”, which involves eradicating affirmative action based on ethnicity, basing it instead on need, for instance need due to poverty. This would potentially increase the likelihood of justice and equality for all ethnic or racial groups. This paper connects the phenomenon of change, as seen in the about turn in the results between the 2004 and 2008 elections, to the more global trend in which minorities are standing up to demand their rights in this era of globalization, and to the challenge multiculturalism presents to parts of the Muslim world such as Malaysia. Malaysia, a Muslim majority nation that has formally declared Islam the official state religion with Yang di-Pertuan Agong (the King) as Head of the State and symbol of Islam, is one example, though not necessarily representative, of how Islam and Muslims manage minorities and identity or multiculturalism within the process of globalization.
Transnationalising Jamaah Islamiyyah
Authors: Zuhri Syaifudin 
Published: October 2013

This article attempts to historically analyse the emergence of transnational jihadist movements in Indonesia, focusing on Jamaah Islamiyyah (JI), which is allegedly responsible for a number of terror attacks in South East Asia. The article discusses the historical background of the emergence of Jamaah Islamiyyah and its current development. It is argued that the Afghan battle-field was an important event and locus for Indonesian jihadits groups to exercise their military capabilities, establish secure bases and subsequently pave the emergence of the transnational jihadist. Through informal networks and joint operations, Jamaah Islamiyyah has become the hub for jihadist movements in Southeast Asia. It was the political opportunity of the reformation which gave way to the public appearance of Jamaah Islamiyyah as the MMI demonstrated, but it also brought the consequence of a split among JI activists. The split reappears when the MMI was becoming involved in politics, and the resignation of Ba’asyir from the top position of the MMI in 2008 exemplifies the turning point to the ideological foundation of JI as the Pedoman Umum Perjuangan Jamaah Islamiyyah (PUPJI) prescribed.
Persatuan Pemuda Muslim Se-Eropa: Its Qualified Founders, Progression and Nature
Authors: Sujadi S. 
Published: October 2013

This article concentrates on the history of Persatuan Pemuda Muslim se-Eropa (PPME, Young Muslims Association in Europe), depicting its founders’qualifications, historical founding, and nature, which has been against practical politics, and restructure and expansion. This association remains the largest Indonesian Islam-oriented Muslim association in Europe. However, there has been little research done on this association, despite its significant contributions to the socio-cultural and religous activities of Indonesian Muslims in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and Germany. Therefore, this article aims to fill the gap in academic research, dealing with its creation and development up till the present. To deal with this subject, a historical method emphasizing a chronological approach is applied. In addition to historical evidence, oral sources were primarily used due to the scarcity of written documents.
Leveling the Unleveled? Syariah Advocates’ Struggle for Equality in Indonesian Legal Pluralism
Authors: Lukito Ratno 
Published: October 2013

One of the ongoing problems faced by many Syariah advocates in Indonesia is how they can maintain their important role in the practice of law in the midst of the domination of common advocates. They are always trapped in double burden in concern of their position. On one side, they are challenged with the long historical inequality of educational access between religious (Islamic) groups and secular groups, while on the other, they have to deal with the problem of being part of Muslim society with a legal culture where Islamic law is commonly viewed as irreconcilable with secular legal traditions. This paper specifically discusses the role played by the Association of Indonesian Syariah Advocates (Asosiasi Pengacara Syariah Indonesia, APSI) in their struggle to assert equality between Syariah advocates and common advocates. It shows that although APSI has successfully attracted attention from the state and public in general, the interest shown by Syariah faculties remains even relatively low. Embedded traditional culture of studying Islamic law in many Syariah faculties seems to have influenced their attention towards APSI. Yet, with inclusive approaches in expanding the institution, APSI can attract many advocates, not only from Muslim law graduates but from those of non-Muslims as well.
A Contrastive Study of the Passive Voice in
Journal Articles in Theoretical and Applied
Linguistics
Authors: Lu Lu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The passive voice is an important construction for packaging information. Many textbooks,
style manuals or academic papers, however, offer different or even contradictory advice on the
use of passives. Previous findings show that passives exhibit disciplinary variation, thus special
treatment should be given to different disciplines. However, even within the same discipline,
such as linguistics, there are different types of academic writing, namely theoretical articles
versus empirical ones. To test whether a difference in the use of passives exists between these
two sub-disciplines, the passives in articles sampled from Language and Applied Linguistics
are counted and compared. The results show that applied linguistics articles demonstrate a
significantly higher (Sig. = .000, p < .001) occurrence of passives than theoretical ones.
Occurrence, food habits, and activity patterns of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra in northwestern Greece: implications for research and conservation
Authors: Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Hornigold Karen , Krambokoukis Lambros , Papakostas Giorgos , Stefanidis Konstantinos , Quaglietta Lorenzo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEurasian otters (
Dimensional Influence of Interproximal Areas on Existence of Interdental Papillae
Authors: Kolte Abhay P. , Kolte Rajashri A. , Mishra Pratima R. 
Published: October 2013

Background: Restoring papillae in the gingival embrasures of the esthetic zone is a key consideration in periodontal, restorative, and orthodontic treatment. This study analyzes the existence of interdental papillae with regard to the vertical dimensions between the contact point and the alveolar crest and horizontal dimensions between adjacent roots.Methods: A total of 259 papillae, in 60 patients, were examined. All patients were indicated for full‐thickness periodontal flap surgery. A mucoperiosteal flap was raised and, after thorough debridement, horizontal and vertical dimensions between adjacent roots were recorded. The incidence of papillae was analyzed using χ2 for linear trend analysis.Results: Interdental papillae were present in 85.7% of the cases when the vertical dimensions were 4 mm (P <0.05). Also, papillae were present in 78.5% of cases when the horizontal dimensions were between 0.5 and 1 mm (P <0.05).Conclusion: The vertical and horizontal dimensions of interproximal areas had a substantial, independent, and combined effect on the existence of interproximal papillae.
Correlation of sports activity with stress and satisfaction with life among adult Slovenians
Authors: Planinšek Sandra , Škof Branko , Leskošek Bojan , Tomori Martina Žmuc , Pori Maja 
Published: October 2013

Izvleček
Izhodišča: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti povezanost med športno dejavnostjo (ŠD) in doživljanjem stresa ter vrednotenjem zadovoljstva z življenjem odraslih Slovencev.
Metode: Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika na reprezentativnem vzorcu 856 odraslih Slovencev in Slovenk (povprečne starosti 39 ± 13,7 leta). ŠD je bila opredeljena s številom dni ukvarjanja s katero koli športno dejavnostjo tedensko. Stres je bil opredeljen s pogostostjo doživljanja devetih znakov stresa na štiristopenjski lestvici. Pri oceni zadovoljstva z življenjem so udeleženci raziskave izrazili strinjanje oziroma nestrinjanje s petimi postavkami na petstopenjski lestvici. Vrednosti prve glavne komponente stresa in lestvice zadovoljstva z življenjem je bila določena z Anderson-Rubinovo metodo. Povezanost spremenljivk je bila ocenjena s Spearmanovim koeficientom korelacije in s splošnimi linearnimi modeli.
Rezultati: ŠD je bila statistično značilno povezana s stresom (p = ,03) in z zadovoljstvom z življenjem (p < ,01). V linearnih modelih imajo izbrani dejavniki (ŠD, starost, spol in izobrazba) skupaj statistično značilen vpliv (pri stresu: R2 = ,040; p < ,001; pri zadovoljstvu: R2 = ,068; p < ,001); ŠD ima statistično značilen vpliv le na oceno zadovoljstva z življenjem (η2part.= ,020; p = ,002). Na stres statistično značilno vplivajo vsi preostali dejavniki, na zadovoljstvo z življenjem pa le izobrazba.
Zaključki: Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov lahko sklepamo, da so športno dejavnejši odrasli Slovenci manj pod stresom in bolj zadovoljni s svojim življenjem, vendar je ta vpliv ob upoštevanju vpliva starosti, spola in izobrazbe razmeroma majhen.
The role of sports clubs in sports activity of students
Authors: Golja Petra , Robič Tatjana 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective: Exercise is a recognised means for improving quality of life. In general, students perform less sports activity than previous generations. In contrast, however, children’s participation in competitive sports has increased. The present study therefore aimed to assess how many students participate in sports clubs, how active in sports student (non)members are, and what actual effect sports clubs have on enabling sufficient sports activity.
Methods: Students (N=213) in the first year of university studies (19-20 years) were recruited for a study approved by the Slovenian Ethics Committee. They answered a questionnaire on their sports club membership and on their sports activity during organised sports training and/or in their free time. Results were statistically analysed and compared to our previous results obtained from primary and secondary school children (1).
Results: Only 16% of students participate in sports clubs, which is less (p<0.001) than in primary and secondary school children. The average (SD) sports activity of student sports-club members is 11.7 (6.8) h/week, with students non-members being significantly (p<0.001) less active with 4.6 (3.0) h/week. Participation in sports clubs is lower (p<0.001) in female (15%) than in male (21%) students, which is similar to children.
Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that sports clubs in Slovenia are important for promoting sufficient sports activity. Namely, most of the student members participate in sports activity more than the recommended 1 h/day and are more than two times more active than their peers. Females, however, participate less often in sports clubs, which calls for further attention.
Adherence factors to paperless primary healthcare: a focus group study
Authors: Iljaz Rade , Meglič Matic , Petek Davorina , Kolšek Marko , Susič Tonka Poplas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: Information and communication technology (ICT) and paperless practices have been shown to improve “existing processes in the workplace” “as well as being an important component of modern primary healthcare”. The aim of our study was to analyse the attitudes of health-care professionals and patients with regard to paperless practice and the most frequently used information and communication technology tools in Slovenian primary healthcare.
Methods and participants: Qualitative methodology using focus groups of 22 primary care physicians, 14 nurses and 18 patients.
Results: The areas recognised by all participants as important for further information and communication technology development were: computer-supported decision making, accessibility and completeness of personal e-health data, emergency cases, support for chronic disease management, ICT related time savings, e-prescriptions and e-discharge letters. The most important identified barriers impeding the use of ICT were: the heavy workload of primary care physicians and nurses, health insurance reimbursement rules and duplication of work using both paper and electronic health records.
Conclusions: This study highlighted a number of strengths of ICT use in primary care as well as numerous areas where changes in procedures and improvement of ICT tools to support them are needed.
Etiological beliefs of patients with neurological disorders attending a tertiary care center: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bajaj Bhupender Kumar , Chaudhary Shipra , Shrestha Runa 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: The understanding and management of neurological disorders is undergoing revolutionary changes over the last three decades in the background of ever increasing advances in medical technologies, diagnostic techniques, therapeutic processes and, molecular and genetic medicine. The fruits of these advances can reach patients only if the psychosocial hurdles in their delivery are identified, acknowledged and addressed. Aim: To explore the beliefs and practices of patients with neurological disorders in a tertiary care center in the eastern Nepal. Materials and Methods:One hundred patients attending neurology/medicine outpatient for neurological disorders were interviewed about their beliefs regarding the triggering factors, causation and treatment seeking behavior particularly from traditional healers. Result: Of the 100 patients (49 males, 51 females) recruited in the study, 51% expressed having ‘no idea’ about their illness. Only 20% patients gave medically congruent explanation for their illness. Psychological factors were attributed as triggering factors by 16% of patients, of which two thirds were females. Chance, destiny and ‘jadu tona’ topped the list of triggering factors. Forty four percent patients had sought help of traditional faith healers (‘Dhami Jhakri’) before seeking medical help. Traditional faith healers were approached by patients irrespective of their educational background. Fifty nine percent of patients who first sought traditional faith healers, believed in ‘jadu tona’. Of those interviewed, 16% were planning to go to a faith healer in near future. Conclusion: The beliefs of patients with neurological disorders frequently do not conform to current medical opinion. There is need for greater communication and education of patients by their treating physicians.
Posterior approach for giant S1 neurofibroma in Von Recklinghausen’s disease: Is total resection realistic?
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Vinjamuri Srinivas , Barada Sahu P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBilateral sacral neurofibromas are uncommonly seen in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) also known as Von Recklinghausen’s disease. They often grow to enormous dimensions before detection owing to bone scalloping. Resections of “giant” S1 neurofibromas are difficult due to the limitations of operative window in sacrum and critical functions associated with S1 nerve root. We report a case of bilateral S1 neurofibromas in a patient of NF1 where she had a giant left‑sided neurofibroma with extensive bone erosion and a small fusiform neurofibroma on the right side. The tumor was excised completely on the left and near totally on the right side via posterior approach. There were no postoperative neurological deficits and the patient recovered well. Usually, complete excision harbors the chances of postoperative neurological deficits due to the eloquence of the nerve root involved and complete resection without significant morbidity seems unrealistic. However, excision of giant ones may not result in grave deficits always if the patient is neurologically intact before surgery. Also, in selected patients, only posterior approach may suffice for giant neurofibromas with extensive bone scalloping and complete removal can be attempted successfully despite narrow corridors.
Kümmell’s disease — uncommon or underreported disease: A clinicopathological account of a case and review of literature
Authors: Ranjan Manish , Sommana Samapth , Mahadevan Anita , Krishna Shankar Shankar , Prasad Chandrajit 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTKümmell’s disease is a rare form of vertebral body osteonecrosis, which develops as a delayed post-traumatic event. It is infrequently reported in literature and to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported from India. We describe the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of a case occurring in a 60-year-old man and relevant brief review of the literature of this rare disease. Its close resemblance to more commonly occurring bony tuberculosis poses a diagnostic dilemma particularly in developing country like India, where tuberculosis is endemic. Awareness of this entity, though rare, is essential to avoid unnecessary diagnostic work up and treatment.