bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Physical and Optical Parameters on 2,4-Dichlorophenol Degradation
Authors: Bayarri Bernard , Gimenez Jaime , Esplugas Santiago 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The influence of sonicating a TiO2 suspension was studied and, in addition, the effect of the TiO2 aggregate size. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP) was degraded by photocatalysis with TiO2. In a first experimental series, the suspension was prepared just stirring the photocatalyst. Then, the experimental runs were repeated but stirring and sonicating the TiO2. The sonicated suspension showed to be much more effective than the non-sonicated, and the kinetic constants were around 70% higher for DCP removal and 40% higher for total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization. The absorption and scattering coefficients and the diffuse reflectance were also determined and presented for both types of suspensions. The values were calculated by transmittance measurements for different amounts of TiO2. The values obtained were fitted to the radiative transfer equation using the Schuster–Schwarzschild approximation. In agreement with the results of the degradation experiments, it was found that the absorption coefficient was higher for the sonicated suspension.
Mikromagnetische und photothermische Charakterisierung thermo-mechanischer Schädigungen
Authors: Thiemann Philipp , Ströbel Gerald 
Published: June 2013

Zusammenfassung
Thermo-mechanische Schädigungen, sogenannter Schleifbrand, können zu einer wesentlichen Verschlechterung des Funktionsverhaltens geschliffener Bauteile führen. Der Nachweis dieser Schädigungen erfolgt bislang mit zerstörenden Verfahren, wie der Metallografie, der Röntgenografie oder dem Nitalätzen. Im Folgenden werden Ergebnisse von Arbeiten vorgestellt, in denen der qualitative und quantitative Nachweis von Schleifbrand mit zerstörungsfreien Verfahren untersucht wird.
Proximal Box Elevation With Resin Composite and the Dogma of Biological Width: Clinical R2-Technique and Critical Review
Authors: Frese C , Wolff D , Staehle HJ 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYProvided that moisture control is possible, today's resin composite materials can be applied successfully in the restorative treatment of extensively decayed teeth. This suggests that restorative margins will be increasingly located below the cementoenamel junction, probably invading biological width. The recently introduced technique of proximal box elevation (PBE) offers the possibility of performing a stepwise elevation of deep proximal cavities to create more favorable preparation margins for direct or indirect restorations. Clinical instructions for the restoration of extensively damaged teeth are given through this presentation. A two-step R2-technique will be shown, and a critical review of the dogma of biological width will be presented.
Profile of Congenital Limb Anomalies in Calabar
Authors: Ngim Ngim E , Ikpeme Ikpeme A , Udosen Anthony M , Okokon Enembe , Iya Joy 
Published: June 2013

Objective: To describe the profile of congenital limb abnormalities in Calabar. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study of all patients presenting to the orthopaedic department of our hospital over a three year period. Patient information was retrieved from case notes and theatre records. Information obtained included the patients’ socio-demographics, type of limb anomaly, limb affected, associated non-musculoskeletal congenital anomalies, type and duration of treatment given and follow up. Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 and results were presented as frequency tables and means. Results: Seventy two patients presented in our unit with congenital limb anomalies over the study period, age ranged from 1 day to 21 years (mean age 15 months). There were 43 males and 29 females, with male to female ratio of 1.48:1. Most of the anomalies (95.83%) affected the lower limbs, with the bilateral lesions occurring in 45.83% of patients. Two patients had multiple limb anomalies affecting upper and lower limbs. The most common limb anomaly was clubfoot constituting 65.28% while congenital genu recurvatum, polydactyly and syndactyly each constituted 6.94% of the cases. Three patients (4.17%) had associated non-musculoskeletal congenital anomalies – ventricular septal defect, myelomeningocele and congenital inguinal hernia constituting one each. Most of the patients (75.41%) were treated non-operatively. Majority of the patients (52.78%) defaulted at various stages of treatment. Conclusion: Congenital clubfoot is the commonest congenital limb anomaly in our centre. Associated non-musculoskeletal anomalies are uncommon. Patient default at various stages of treatment is a major issue. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.7638 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 58-61
Diet preference with regional variation of body mass index and hand grip strength of Indian females
Authors: Varte Lalhmunlien Robert , Rawat Shweta , Singh Inderjeet , Pal Madhu Sudan , Majumdar Dhurjati 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Nutritional content of diet of vegetarian and non-vegetarian differs in terms of food composition and vegetarian diets are often low in protein, probably causing a difference in body composition, structure and strength characteristics. Purpose of study: To study anthropometric, body composition and hand strength differences among 641 vegetarian and 424 non-vegetarian Indian women, aged 20–60 yrs. Methods: ANOVA, t-test, multivariable stepwise regression and logistic regressions were performed to analyse association between BMI, hand grip strength and potential confounders using SPSS Version 17 for Windows. p < 0.05 referred to as statistically significant. Results: Vegetarians had less body fat than non-vegetarians. Statistically significant difference was found in their grip strength (GS) (t = 2.459, p < 0.05) and BMI (t = 2.188, p < 0.05). Height and weight were positively associated with grip strength in the vegetarian group while height and fat free mass were seen to be positively associated with grip strength in the non-vegetarian group. Grip strength was greater in non-vegetarian group and the vegetarians had lower BMI (25.33 kg/mt2 ± 4.56) than nonvegetarians (25.95 kg/mt2 ± 4.45, t-test = 2.188, p<0.05). Conclusion: Those with greater grip strength (non-vegetarian group) had greater chance of being obese than those with lower grip strength (vegetarian group). (OR = 2.609, 95% CI 1.487 - 4.577). However, lower levels of body mass indices of the vegetarian women suggest that they are healthier than non-vegetarians in terms of BMI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8096 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 43-51
Susceptibility of knee osteoarthritis patients to develop cardiovascular disease - a clinical study
Authors: Sexana Rahul , Bhattacharya Ijen , Sexana Raj 
Published: June 2013

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a process of progressive destruction of articular cartilage which makes the OA patients physically inactive and increases the probability to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aim: The objectives of present study were to estimate atherogenic index, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in knee OA patients of different Kellegren- Lawrence (KL) grade and clarify the probability of knee OA patients to develop future CVD risk with disease severity. Methodology: Atherogenic index, plasma paraoxonase, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated by using standard methods in 55 - 70 years aged 76 knee OA patients categorized into three groups (on the basis of KL grading scale) and 24 healthy subjects (control group). The obtained values were compared statistically by using student’s t-test. Result: A significant reduction in the plasma paraoxonase and serum HDL cholesterol levels were observed in (p<0.05) Group II & III knee OA patients. Similarly, erythrocyte MDA, Total cholesterol/HDL ratio and plasma CRP levels were increased significantly in (p<0.05) Group II and III knee OA patients. However, these levels were found to be altered insignificantly (p<0.01) in Group I knee OA subjects as compared to controls. Conclusion: Thus, the probability of KL grade III and IV knee OA patients to develop future risk of CVD are more as characterized by elevated antherogenic index, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress and reflect the need of antioxodants supplementation along with drug of choice to reduce CVD risk in knee OA patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8169 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 62-68
Increased Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity Alter Resolution of Inflammation in Part by Stimulating Prostaglandin Production
Authors: Hellmann Jason , Zhang Michael J. , Tang Yunan , Rane Madhavi , Bhatnagar Aruni , Spite Matthew 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates that nutrient excess associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes activates innate immune responses that lead to chronic, sterile low-grade inflammation, and obese and diabetic humans also have deficits in wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that sustain unresolved inflammation during obesity remain unclear. In this study, we report that saturated free fatty acids that are elevated in obesity alter resolution of acute sterile inflammation by promoting neutrophil survival and decreasing macrophage phagocytosis. Using a targeted mass spectrometry–based lipidomics approach, we found that in db/db mice, PGE2/D2 levels were elevated in inflammatory exudates during the development of acute peritonitis. Moreover, in isolated macrophages, palmitic acid stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 induction and prostanoid production. Defects in macrophage phagocytosis induced by palmitic acid were mimicked by PGE2 and PGD2 and were reversed by cyclooxygenase inhibition or prostanoid receptor antagonism. Macrophages isolated from obese-diabetic mice expressed prostanoid receptors, EP2 and DP1, and contained significantly higher levels of downstream effector, cAMP, compared with wild-type mice. Therapeutic administration of EP2/DP1 dual receptor antagonist, AH6809, decreased neutrophil accumulation in the peritoneum of db/db mice, as well as the accumulation of apoptotic cells in the thymus. Taken together, these studies provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying altered innate immune responses in obesity and suggest that targeting specific prostanoid receptors may represent a novel strategy for resolving inflammation and restoring phagocyte defects in obese and diabetic individuals.
Antiviral Vaccines License T Cell Responses by Suppressing Granzyme B Levels in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Fabricius Dorit , Nußbaum Benedikt , Busch Daniel , Panitz Verena , Mandel Birgit , Vollmer Angelika , Westhoff Mike-Andrew , Kaltenmeier Christof , Lunov Oleg , Tron Kyrylo , Nienhaus G. Ulrich , Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Debatin Klaus-Michael 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are important modulators of adaptive T cell responses during viral infections. Recently, we found that human pDC produce the serine protease granzyme B (GrB), thereby regulating T cell proliferation in a GrB-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrate that intrinsic GrB production by pDC is significantly inhibited in vitro and in vivo by clinically used vaccines against viral infections such as tick-borne encephalitis. We show that pDC GrB levels inversely correlate with the proliferative response of coincubated T cells and that GrB suppression by a specific Ab or a GrB substrate inhibitor results in enhanced T cell proliferation, suggesting a predominant role of GrB in pDC-dependent T cell licensing. Functionally, we demonstrate that GrBhigh but not GrBlow pDC transfer GrB to T cells and may degrade the ζ-chain of the TCR in a GrB-dependent fashion, thereby providing a possible explanation for the observed T cell suppression by GrB-expressing pDC. Modulation of pDC-derived GrB activity represents a previously unknown mechanism by which both antiviral and vaccine-induced T cell responses may be regulated in vivo. Our results provide novel insights into pDC biology during vaccinations and may contribute to an improvement of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
A Practical Israeli Strategy for Appealing for Organ Donation
Authors: Ashkenazi Tamar , Klein Moti 
Published: June 2013

Context Most reports on organ donation have been related to the importance of support for families, explanations of brain death, and the appeal for organ donation. In contrast, no reports have addressed organ donation from the perspective of intervention in cases of “sudden mourning” and the practical aspects of how to facilitate donation in such cases. Objective To develop a specific strategy for professional intervention in cases of imminent death to bring the family to a state of cognitive and emotional preparedness that will enable them to accept the tragic news, donate organs, and then take leave of the deceased. Method The strategy presented here was developed on the basis of the records of donor coordinators who documented their interaction with families; consultations with professionals in the fields of marketing, persuasion, and negotiating; research conducted on families who did or did not donate organs; and statements made by family members of donors in focus and support groups in more than 10 years. Results The strategic approach includes early-stage rules such as staff self-awareness, and then later, critical stages of the process that take place before and at the time of determination of brain death: preparation for and the notification of death itself and the request for organ donation, including persuasion skills, coping with resistance and expressions of anger, and physical leave-taking from the decease. Conclusions The flexible, strategic approach set out here is designed to maximize the chances of procuring organ donation while protecting the family's rights and welfare.
Making Meaning in the Legacy of Tissue Donation for Donor Families
Authors: Hogan Nancy S. , Coolican Maggie , Schmidt Lee A. 
Published: June 2013

Context Individuals needing lifesaving (heart valves, skin grafts for repair of critical burn injuries) and life-enhancing (corneas, bone and tendon grafts, skin, and veins) tissue donations outnumber the tissues available for transplant. Objective To describe the grief family members experienced 6 months after donation and to learn how family decision makers gained meaning from the decision to donate a loved one's tissues. This is phase 1 of a longitudinal study in which family decision makers will be surveyed again at 13 and 25 months after donation. Design Qualitative descriptive. Participants One hundred seven family decision makers whose family member died a traumatic sudden death and who authorized donating tissues for transplant. Data Collection and Analysis Data were written responses to the questions, “If you could ask or tell your dead family member something, what would it be” and “What meaning does donating tissue to others have for you” Data were analyzed by using content analysis procedures. Results Concepts derived from the first question represent the context of family members grieving the sudden death of a loved one. Concepts were (1) feeling empty, (2) missing and loving, (3) being grateful, and (4) having regrets. The concepts derived from the second question were (1) fulfilling their family member's wish, (2) doing the right thing, (3) believing something good came from the death, (4) helping others, and (5) living on. Reasons for donating were based, in part, on honoring the legacy of their loved ones who had given of themselves to others in life and now continued to give to others after death. Conclusion The results of this study provide a basis for health professionals and donation staffs to better understand the context within which families grieve and give meaning to tissue donation.
Cohort mortality study of garment industry workers exposed to formaldehyde: Update and internal comparisons
Authors: Meyers Alysha R. , Pinkerton Lynne E. , Hein Misty J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo further evaluate the association between formaldehyde and leukemia, we extended follow‐up through 2008 for a cohort mortality study of 11,043 US formaldehyde‐exposed garment workers.MethodsWe computed standardized mortality ratios and standardized rate ratios stratified by year of first exposure, exposure duration, and time since first exposure. Associations between exposure duration and rates of leukemia and myeloid leukemia were further examined using Poisson regression models.ResultsCompared to the US population, myeloid leukemia mortality was elevated but overall leukemia mortality was not. In internal analyses, overall leukemia mortality increased with increasing exposure duration and this trend was statistically significant.ConclusionsWe continue to see limited evidence of an association between formaldehyde and leukemia. However, the extended follow‐up did not strengthen previously observed associations. In addition to continued epidemiologic research, we recommend further research to evaluate the biological plausibility of a causal relation between formaldehyde and leukemia. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1027–1039, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanostructuring of Ionic Bridged Silsesquioxanes
Authors: Monge‐Marcet Amàlia , Cattoën Xavier , Dieudonné Philippe , Pleixats Roser , Wong Chi Man Michel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe transformation by hydrolysis/condensation of four new mesityl‐(bis or tris)imidazolium‐based alkoxysilane precursors into their corresponding bridged silsesquioxanes has been investigated. These precursors feature urea groups and either short or long alkylene chains, which are known to favor self‐assembly. The most regular nanostructures were obtained by a combination of the tripodal precursors with C10H20 alkylene chains, as shown by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, independent of the reaction conditions.
Can marine cloud brightening reduce coral bleaching?
Authors: Latham John , Kleypas Joan , Hauser Rachel , Parkes Ben , Gadian Alan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIncreases in coral bleaching events over the last few decades have been largely caused by rising sea surface temperatures (SST), and continued warming is expected to cause even greater increases through this century. We use a Global Climate Model to examine the potential of marine cloud brightening (MCB) to cool oceanic surface waters in three coral reef provinces. Our simulations indicate that under doubled CO2 conditions, the substantial increases in coral bleaching conditions from current values in three reef regions (Caribbean, French Polynesia, and the Great Barrier Reef) were eliminated when MCB was applied, which reduced the SSTs at these sites roughly to their original values.
Multiple Compression of Moist Spherical Elastic‐Plastic Zeolite 4A Granules
Authors: Russell A. , Müller P. , Tomas J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe compression, deformation and material behavior of moist spherical elastic‐plastic zeolite 4A granules under multiple stressing conditions at unique and random contacts were experimentally studied with the help of uniaxial diametrical compression tests. The force‐displacement curves were approximated and the coefficient of restitution was determined using appropriate mechanical models from literature. The phenomenon of cyclic hardening was studied and the critical number of cycles required to reach fracture was determined. Furthermore, the influence of particle size and moisture content on the material behavior at cyclic loading, the coefficient of restitution, and the critical number of cycles required to reach fracture were investigated.
Disentangling the effect of exploratory learning and exploitative learning in product innovation process
Authors: Li Ci‐Rong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough studies have highlighted the importance of exploratory and exploitative learning in new product development, little is understood about the distinctiveness of team‐level exploratory and exploitative learning in the distinct phases of the product development process. This study uses a two‐phase product innovation process model to examine the differences in the effects of the two distinct learning strategies in the initiation and implementation phases. The findings from 126 teams show that (a) the effect of exploratory learning on innovativeness in the initiation phase is greater than that of exploitative learning and (b) exploitative learning can strengthen the link between the initiation phase's innovativeness and new product success more than exploratory learning. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Do We Currently Know About Metabolic Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Ivanovic Branislava , Cuspidi Cesare 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMetabolic syndrome represents a cluster of atherogenic risk factors including hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Considering that all of these risk factors could influence the development of atrial fibrillation, an association between atrial fibrillation and the metabolic syndrome has been suggested. Additionally, oxidative stress and inflammation have been involved in the pathogenesis of both metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation. The mechanisms that relate metabolic syndrome to the increased risk of atrial fibrillation occurrence are not completely understood. Metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Because atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia, and along with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome constantly increasing, it would be very important to determine the relationship between these 2 entities, especially due to the fact that the risk factors of metabolic syndrome are mainly correctable. This review focused on the available evidence supporting the association between metabolic syndrome components and metabolic syndrome as a clinical entity with atrial fibrillation.
A Melamine‐Modified β‐Zeolite with Enhanced CO2 Capture Properties
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Mowla Omid , Kennedy Eric M. , Dlugogorski Bogdan Z. , Mackie John C. , Stockenhuber Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA novel adsorbent for CO2 capture from gas streams was prepared by functionalization of Na‐β zeolite with melamine using post‐synthesis impregnation. The new material was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, temperature gravimetric analysis, and BET surface area analysis. The dynamic CO2 adsorption capacity of the modified adsorbent at 298 K and 101 kPa was found to be 3.7 mmol g−1. The adsorbent can be regenerated at 373 K with nitrogen flowing at 40 cm3 min−1. The adsorbent has shown excellent performance for CO2 adsorption–desorption in comparison to conventional adsorption systems.