bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concern or confidence? Adolescents' identity capital and future worry in different school contexts
Authors: Tikkanen Jenni 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis present study investigated the roles identity capital and school's socio‐economic status have on adolescent worry about future education, employment, and social status. The 354 participants were 14‐ to 15‐year‐old students from affluent (56.8%) and disadvantaged (43.2%) Finnish lower secondary schools. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis that a higher level of family‐related identity capital is connected to a lower level of future worry, and that this connection is mediated through intrapersonal forms of identity capital, specifically academic self‐concept and general self‐efficacy. Adolescent future worry was also examined across school status with an independent samples t‐test. The findings suggest that, in the relatively equal societal context in Finland, adolescents are rather confident about their future education, employment, and social status regardless of the socio‐economic status of the school they attend, and when their level of identity capital is high the future worry decreases further.
Agentic personality as mediator of social capital on developmental outcomes in the transition to adulthood: Evidence from Shanghai, China
Authors: Yuan Rui , Ngai Steven Sek‐yum 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDrawing upon a sample of 1153 young people in Shanghai, China, this study investigates how agentic personality mediates between social capital embedded in a range of social contexts (family, friendship, association, and linking connection) and developmental outcomes during the transition to adulthood. The results of a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis provide a good fit for the sample as a whole. The overall findings support the hypotheses that a higher level of agentic personality, including resilience, self‐efficacy, and self‐esteem, is associated with higher levels of developmental outcomes. Agentic personality also mediates the effects of family, friendship, associational, and linking social capital on developmental outcomes. Family social capital is predictive of university students' identity achievement and academic achievement, but not of their mental health. Linking social capital is only predictive of identity achievement. Unexpectedly, friendship social capital and associational social capital are predictive of a lower level of academic achievement and mental health, respectively, despite their positive influences on all three developmental outcomes through their significant effects on agentic personality. The study provides empirical support for the importance of social capital in promoting young people's transition to adulthood. Implications for theory, practice, and policy are also discussed.
A preliminary investigation into psychophysiological effects of threatening a perceptually embodied rubber hand in healthy human participants
Authors: Mark I. Johnson , Smith Emily , Sarah Yellow , Matthew R. Mulvey 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
Threatening a perceptually embodied rubber hand with noxious stimuli has been shown to generate levels of anxiety similar to that experienced when a real hand is threatened. The aim of this study was to investigate skin conductance response, self-reported anxiety and the incidence, type and location of sensations when a perceptually embodied rubber hand was exposed to threatening and non-threatening stimuli.

Methods
A repeated measures cross-over design was used whereby 20 participants (⊕18 years, 14 females) received a threatening (syringe needle) and non-threatening (soft brush) stimulus to a perceptually embodied rubber hand. Perceptual embodiment was achieved using a soft brush to synchronously stroke the participant’s real hand (out of view) and a rubber hand (in view). Then the investigator approached the rubber hand with a syringe needle (threat) or soft brush (non-threat).

Results
Repeated measures ANOVA found that approaching the perceptually embodied rubber hand with either stimulus produced statistically significant reductions in the rated intensity of response to the following questions (p < 0.01): ‘How strongly does it feel like the rubber hand is yours?’; ‘How strongly does it feel like the rubber hand is part of your body?’; and ‘How strongly does it feel you can move the rubber hand?’. However, there were no statistically significant differences in scores between needle and brush stimuli. Repeated measures ANOVA on skin conductance response found statistically significant effects for experimental Events (baseline; stroking; perceptual embodiment; stimuli approaching rubber hand; stimuli touching rubber hand; p <0.001) but not for Condition (needle versus brush p = 0.964) or experimental Event × Condition interaction (p = 0.160). Ten of the 20 participants (50%) reported that they experienced a sensation arising from the rubber hand when the rubber hand was approached and touched by either the needle and/or brush but these sensations lacked precision in location, timing, and nature.

Conclusion and implications
Our preliminary findings suggest that the increase in arousal in response to stimuli entering the peripersonal space may not be selective for threat. There was tentative evidence that more intense sensations were experienced when a perceptually embodied rubber hand was approached by a threatening stimulus. Our findings provide initial insights and should serve as a catalyst for further research.
Applied anatomy of the submental island flap and its clinical application in the repair of defects following hypopharyngeal carcinoma resection
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhou Han , Zhang Yong‐Jie , Yin Lin , Lu Mei‐Ping , Xing Guang‐Qian , Lin Zi‐Ping , Cheng Lei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of the submental island flap in the repair of hypopharyngeal defects.MethodsWe collected wet specimens of fresh cadaveric heads from the Han Chinese adult population for applied anatomy of the submental island flap, and followed five patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma after reconstruction surgery using submental island flaps.ResultsWe found that the average length and width of the submental island flaps were (65.20 ± 11.69) mm and (46.70 ± 6.59) mm, respectively. The skin flap in all five patients survived after surgery, and tracheal tubes and gastric tubes were removed 7–36 days after surgery. Patients were followed up for 24–42 months, pharyngeal flaps grew well, and speech and swallowing functions were satisfactory.ConclusionThe submental island flap is a preferred material for the repair of hypopharyngeal defects after hypopharyngeal carcinoma resection, because of good blood supply, easy harvesting, and high survival rate.
Diabetes and brain health: implications for practice
Authors: Dolan C. , McHugh J. , Lawlor B. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundIt is widely accepted that people with mental illness have increased risk of cardiometabolic complications such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. What is less well known is that individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of brain health complications including depression, cognitive impairment and dementia. These conditions can adversely influence disease self-management and further increase risk of other diabetes complications.AimThe aim of this paper is to highlight the increased risk of brain health complications in populations with diabetes in order to promote awareness of such complications among healthcare professionals and encourage timely intervention.MethodsAn overview of the prevalence and potential mechanisms linking depression and cognitive impairment with diabetes as well as implications for detection, management and brain health protection, based on a narrative review of the literature.ConclusionsEarly detection and effective management of depression and cognitive impairment among individuals with diabetes has the potential to minimise adverse health outcomes. In order to promote screening healthcare professionals caring for individuals with diabetes in all settings must be aware of the increased risk of brain health complications in this vulnerable population.
Prehospital Airway Management in Emergency and Trauma Patients: A Cross-sectional Study of Ambulance Service Providers and Staff in a Low- and Middle-income Country
Authors: Ismail Samina , Zia Nukhba , Samad Khalid , Naeem Rubaba , Ahmad Haris , Raza Amir , Baqir Muhammad , Khan Uzma Rahim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrehospital airway management (AM) is the first priority in the care of emergency and trauma victims as it has shown to improve survival in these patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess training and knowledge of ambulance staff and availability of AM equipment in ambulances of Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from June through September 2014. Interviews were conducted with management of six ambulance service providers and 165 ambulance staff. Data from the management included availability of AM equipment in the ambulances, number and designation of staff sent for emergency calls, and AM training of staff. Ambulance staff were assessed for their awareness, knowledge, and training pertaining to AM.ResultsAll the ambulance services (A through F) had basic equipment for AM but lacked qualified and trained staff. All services had solo drivers (98.3%) for emergency calls; however, Ambulance Service A also had doctors and paramedics. Only 35.7% (59/165) of ambulance staff had awareness regarding AM, out of which 77.9% (46/59) belonged to Ambulance Service A. Of these 59 staff, 81.4% received some form of AM training. Staff with AM awareness, when assessed for knowledge pertaining to AM steps and AM equipment, had a mean score of 4.7/5 and 8.4/12, respectively.ConclusionEven though ambulances are equipped with basic equipment, due to lack of trained staff, these ambulances only serve the mere purpose of transportation. There is a need to train ambulance staff and increase ambulance to staff ratio to improve prehospital AM and patient survival.IsmailS, ZiaN, SamadK, NaeemR, AhmadH, RazaA, BaqirM, KhanUR. Prehospital airway management in emergency and trauma patients: a cross-sectional study of ambulance service providers and staff in a low- and middle-income country. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):606–612.
Food insecurity in veteran households: findings from nationally representative data
Authors: Miller Daniel P , Larson Mary Jo , Byrne Thomas , DeVoe Ellen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present study is the first to use nationally representative data to compare rates of food insecurity among households with veterans of the US Armed Forces and non-veteran households.DesignWe used data from the 2005–2013 waves of the Current Population Survey – Food Security Supplement to identify rates of food insecurity and very low food security in veteran and non-veteran households. We estimated the odds and probability of food insecurity in veteran and non-veteran households in uncontrolled and controlled models. We replicated these results after separating veteran households by their most recent period of service. We weighted models to create nationally representative estimates.SettingNationally representative data from the 2005–2013 waves of the Current Population Survey – Food Security Supplement.SubjectsUS households (n388 680).ResultsUncontrolled models found much lower rates of food insecurity (8·4 %) and very low food security (3·3 %) among veteran households than in non-veteran households (14·4 % and 5·4 %, respectively), with particularly low rates among households with older veterans. After adjustment, average rates of food insecurity and very low food security were not significantly different for veteran households. However, the probability of food insecurity was significantly higher among some recent veterans and significantly lower for those who served during the Vietnam War.ConclusionsAlthough adjusting eliminated many differences between veteran and non-veteran households, veterans who served from 1975 and onwards may be at higher risk for food insecurity and should be the recipients of targeted outreach to improve nutritional outcomes.
Differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells toward the osteogenic lineage by mTOR inhibitor
Authors: Carpentieri A , Cozzoli E , Scimeca M , Bonanno E , Sardanelli A M , Gambacurta A 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrent hypothesis suggest that tumors can originate from adult cells after a process of 'reprogramming' driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. These cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), are responsible for the tumor growth and metastases. To date, the research effort has been directed to the identification, isolation and manipulation of this cell population. Independently of whether tumors were triggered by a reprogramming of gene expression or seeded by stem cells, their energetic metabolism is altered compared with a normal cell, resulting in a high aerobic glycolytic 'Warburg' phenotype and dysregulation of mitochondrial activity. This metabolic alteration is intricately linked to cancer progression.The aim of this work has been to demonstrate the possibility of differentiating a neoplastic cell toward different germ layer lineages, by evaluating the morphological, metabolic and functional changes occurring in this process. The cellular differentiation reported in this study brings to different conclusions from those present in the current literature. We demonstrate that 'in vitro' neuroblastoma cancer cells (chosen as experimental model) are able to differentiate directly into osteoblastic (by rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor) and hepatic lineage without an intermediate 'stem' cell step. This process seems owing to a synergy among few master molecules, metabolic changes and scaffold presence acting in a concerted way to control the cell fate.
Unusually high soil nitrogen oxide emissions influence air quality in a high-temperature agricultural region
Authors: Oikawa P. Y. , Ge C. , Wang J. , Eberwein J. R. , Liang L. L. , Allsman L. A. , Grantz D. A. , Jenerette G. D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFertilized soils have large potential for production of soil nitrogen oxide (NOx=NO+NO2), however these emissions are difficult to predict in high-temperature environments. Understanding these emissions may improve air quality modelling as NOx contributes to formation of tropospheric ozone (O3), a powerful air pollutant. Here we identify the environmental and management factors that regulate soil NOx emissions in a high-temperature agricultural region of California. We also investigate whether soil NOx emissions are capable of influencing regional air quality. We report some of the highest soil NOx emissions ever observed. Emissions vary nonlinearly with fertilization, temperature and soil moisture. We find that a regional air chemistry model often underestimates soil NOx emissions and NOx at the surface and in the troposphere. Adjusting the model to match NOx observations leads to elevated tropospheric O3. Our results suggest management can greatly reduce soil NOx emissions, thereby improving air quality.
Atomistic electrodynamics simulations of bare and ligand-coated nanoparticles in the quantum size regime
Authors: Chen Xing , Moore Justin E. , Zekarias Meserret , Jensen Lasse 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe optical properties of metallic nanoparticles with nanometre dimensions exhibit features that cannot be described by classical electrodynamics. In this quantum size regime, the near-field properties are significantly modified and depend strongly on the geometric arrangements. However, simulating realistically sized systems while retaining the atomistic description remains computationally intractable for fully quantum mechanical approaches. Here we introduce an atomistic electrodynamics model where the traditional description of nanoparticles in terms of a macroscopic homogenous dielectric constant is replaced by an atomic representation with dielectric properties that depend on the local chemical environment. This model provides a unified description of bare and ligand-coated nanoparticles, as well as strongly interacting nanoparticle dimer systems. The non-local screening owing to an inhomogeneous ligand layer is shown to drastically modify the near-field properties. This will be important to consider in optimization of plasmonic nanostructures for near-field spectroscopy and sensing applications.
Novel Noxipoint Therapy versus Conventional Physical Therapy for Chronic Neck and Shoulder Pain: Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Koo Charles C. , Lin Ray S. , Wang Tyng-Guey , Tsauo Jau-Yih , Yang Pan-Chyr , Yen Chen-Tung , Biswal Sandip 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAs chronic pain affects 115 million people and costs $600B annually in the US alone, effective noninvasive nonpharmacological remedies are desirable. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and the generalisability of Noxipoint therapy (NT), a novel electrotherapy characterised by site-specific stimulation, intensity-and-submodality-specific settings and a immobilization period, for chronic neck and shoulder pain. Ninety-seven heavily pretreated severe chronic neck/shoulder pain patients were recruited; 34 and 44 patients were randomly allocated to different treatment arms in two patient-and-assessor-blinded, randomised controlled studies. The participants received NT or conventional physical therapy including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PT-TENS) for three to six 90-minute sessions. In Study One, NT improved chronic pain (−89.6%, Brief Pain Inventory, p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval), function (+77.4%, range of motion) and quality of life (+88.1%) at follow-up (from 4 weeks to 5 months), whereas PT-TENS resulted in no significant changes in these parameters. Study Two demonstrated similar advantages of NT over PT-TENS and the generalisability of NT. NT-like treatments in a randomised rat study showed a similar reduction in chronic hypersensitivity (−81%, p < 0.01) compared with sham treatments. NT substantially reduces chronic neck and shoulder pain, restores function and improves quality of life in a sustained manner.
The genetics of feed conversion efficiency traits in a commercial broiler line
Authors: Reyer Henry , Hawken Rachel , Murani Eduard , Ponsuksili Siriluck , Wimmers Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIndividual feed conversion efficiency (FCE) is a major trait that influences the usage of energy resources and the ecological footprint of livestock production. The underlying biological processes of FCE are complex and are influenced by factors as diverse as climate, feed properties, gut microbiota and individual genetic predisposition. To gain an insight to the genetic relationships with FCE traits and to contribute to the improvement of FCE in commercial chicken lines, a genome-wide association study was conducted using a commercial broiler population (n = 859) tested for FCE and weight traits during the finisher period from 39 to 46 days of age. Both single-marker (generalized linear model) and multi-marker (Bayesian approach) analyses were applied to the dataset to detect genes associated with the variability in FCE. The separate analyses revealed 22 quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions on 13 different chromosomes; the integration of both approaches resulted in 7 overlapping QTL regions. The analyses pointed to acylglycerol kinase (AGK) and general transcription factor 2-I (GTF2I) as positional and functional candidate genes. Non-synonymous polymorphisms of both candidate genes revealed evidence for a functional importance of these genes by influencing different biological aspects of FCE.
Development of 1-N-11C-Methyl-l- and -d-Tryptophan for pharmacokinetic imaging of the immune checkpoint inhibitor 1-Methyl-Tryptophan
Authors: Xie Lin , Maeda Jun , Kumata Katsushi , Yui Joji , Zhang Yiding , Hatori Akiko , Nengaki Nobuki , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Fujinaga Masayuki , Yamasaki Tomoteru , Shimoda Yoko , Higuchi Makoto , Suhara Tetsuya , Wang Feng , Zhang Ming-Rong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract1-Methyl-tryptophan (1MTrp) is known as a specific inhibitor targeting the immune- checkpoint protein indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, in two stereoisomers of levorotary (l) and dextrorotary (d). A long-standing debate exists in immunology and oncology: which stereoisomer has the potential of antitumor immunotherapy. Herein, we developed two novel radioprobes, 1-N-11C-methyl-l- and -d-tryptophan (11C-l-1MTrp and 11C-d-1MTrp), without modifying the chemical structures of the two isomers and investigated their utility for pharmacokinetic imaging of the whole body. 11C-l-1MTrp and 11C-d-1MTrp were synthesized rapidly with radiochemical yields of 47 ± 6.3% (decay-corrected, based on 11C-CO2), a radiochemical purity of >98%, specific activity of 47–130 GBq/μmol and high enantiomeric purity. PET/CT imaging in rats revealed that for 11C-l-1MTrp, the highest distribution of radioactivity was observed in the pancreas, while for 11C-D-1MTrp, it was observed in the kidney. Ex vivo biodistribution confirmed the PET/CT results, indicating the differences in pharmacokinetics between the two isomers. Both 11C-l-1MTrp and 11C-d-1MTrp are therefore useful PET probes for delineating the distribution and action of the checkpoint inhibitor 1MTrp in vivo. This study represents the first step toward using whole-body and real-time insight to disentangle the antitumor potential of the two stereoisomers of 1MTrp and it can facilitate the development of 1MTrp immunotherapy.
Occurrence of viable, red-pigmented haloarchaea in the plumage of captive flamingoes
Authors: Yim Kyung June , Kwon Joseph , Cha In-Tae , Oh Kyung-Seo , Song Hye Seon , Lee Hae-Won , Rhee Jin-Kyu , Song Eun-Ji , Rho Jeong Rae , Seo Mi Lyu , Choi Jong-Soon , Choi Hak-Jong , Lee Sung-Jae , Nam Young-Do , Roh Seong Woon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFlamingoes (Phoenicopterus spp.) whose plumage displays elegant colors, inhabit warm regions close to the ocean throughout the world. The pink or reddish color of their plumage originates from carotenoids ingested from carotenoid-abundant food sources, since flamingoes are unable to synthesize these compounds de novo. In this study, viable red-colored archaeal strains classified as extremely halophilic archaea (i.e., haloarchaea) and belonging to the genera Halococcus and Halogeometricum were isolated from the plumage of flamingoes in captivity. Detailed analysis for haloarchaeal community structure in flamingo feathers based on metagenomic data identified several haloarchaeal genera and unclassified sequences of the class Halobacteria at the genus level. Carotenoid pigment analyses showed that a bacterioruberin precursor carotenoid in haloarchaea was identical to one of the pigments found in flamingo plumage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of viable extremophilic archaea in avian plumage, thus contributing to our understanding of the ecology of haloarchaea. The potential influence of haloarchaea as an environmental factor determining avian plumage coloration should be investigated in further studies.