bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal analysis of vocal fold vibrations between children and adults
Authors: Döllinger Michael , Dubrovskiy Denis , Patel Rita 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Aim of the study is to quantify differences in spatiotemporal features of vibratory motion in typically developing prepubertal children and adults with use of high speed digital imaging.Study Design:Prospective case‐control study.Methods:Vocal fold oscillations of 31 children and 35 adults were analyzed. Endoscopic high‐speed imaging was performed during sustained phonation at typical pitch and loudness. Quantitative technique of Phonovibrogram was used to compute spatiotemporal features. Spatial features are represented by opening and closing angles along the anterior and posterior parts of the vocal folds, as well as by left‐right symmetry ratio. Temporal features are represented by the cycle‐to‐cycle variability of the spatial features. Group differences (adult females, adult males, and children) were statistically investigated.Results:Statistical differences were more pronounced in the temporal behavior compared to the spatial behavior. Children demonstrated greater cycle‐to‐cycle variability in oscillations compared to adults. Most differences between children and adults were found for temporal characteristics along the anterior parts during closing phase. The spatiotemporal features differed more between children and males than between children and females. Both adults and children showed equally high left‐right symmetry.Conclusions:Results suggest a more unstable phonation in children than in adults, yielding increased perturbation in periodicity. Children demonstrated longer phase delay in the anterior/posterior and medio‐lateral parts during the opening phase compared to adults. The data presented may provide the bases for differentiating normal vibratory characteristics from the disordered in the pediatric population, and eventually assist in aiding the clinical utility of high speed imaging. Laryngoscope, 2012
Videofluoroscopic assessment of pharyngeal stage delay reflects pathophysiology after brain infarction
Authors: Miyaji Hideaki , Umezaki Toshiro , Adachi Kazuo , Sawatsubashi Motohiro , Kiyohara Hideyuki , Inoguchi Takashi , To Satoshi , Komune Shizuo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The pathophysiology of dysphagia caused by brain infarction varies with the site of the lesion in the brain. Patients with suprabulbar lesions have demonstrated delayed triggering of pharyngeal stage including delayed laryngeal elevation. Patients with severe pharyngeal stage delay have a high risk of intractable aspiration to the lower respiratory tract. Despite this, few studies have compared the pharyngeal stage delay with the lesion site. We defined a new temporal parameter of the pharyngeal stage delay to assess laryngeal elevation delay against the bolus inflow into the pharyngeal space. This study aimed to elucidate whether this parameter of pharyngeal stage delay is clinically useful to assess the pathophysiology of brain lesions after brain infarction.Study Design:Case‐control study.Methods:Videofluoroscopic assessment of swallowing examinations was performed from January 7, 2000 to March 29, 2011 at Kyushu University Hospital. We evaluated the pharyngeal stage delay using motion analysis on videofluoroscopic swallowing examination in patients with normal swallowing and brain infarction patients divided into pathophysiologic lesion groups. Laryngeal elevation delay time and pharyngeal delay time were analyzed.Results:Significant differences in laryngeal elevation delay time were observed between each pathophysiologic lesion group. However, pharyngeal delay time remained similar among groups. Brain infarctions of corticobulbar tract and basal ganglion were significantly associated with laryngeal elevation delay time prolongation.Conclusions:Laryngeal elevation delay time with low‐viscosity contrast medium is a recommended parameter to discriminate the corticobulbar tract and the basal ganglion lesion. Laryngoscope, 2012
Systems‐level analysis of clinically different phenotypes of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas
Authors: Renkonen Suvi , Kankainen Matti , Hagström Jaana , Haglund Caj , Monni Outi , Mäkitie Antti A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To explore the molecular genetic background of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas and to identify biological processes and putative factors determining the different growth patterns of these tumors.Study Design:By comparing copy number and gene expression level changes of two clinically different phenotypes of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, we aimed to find processes essential in the growth and development of these tumors. Based on the results and prior knowledge of the proteins significance for growth, we studied the expression of tyrosine kinase SYK in 27 tumor samples.Methods:Comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression analyses were performed for the two tumor samples, and protein expression of SYK was studied in 27 samples by immunohistochemical staining.Results:Between low‐ and high‐stage juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, 1,245 genes showed at least a two‐fold change in expression. The corresponding proteins of these transcripts were enriched in different biological processes. Protein kinase SYK was expressed in all 27 samples, and its intensity significantly correlated with tumor stage.Conclusions:Because the molecular genetic background of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is unknown, our aim was to investigate genomic alterations that could associate to low‐ and high‐stage tumors. We were able to identify gene expression changes that relate to particular biological processes, but assessing clinically relevant molecular profiles still requires further characterization. Due to the low incidence of juvenile angiofibroma, in the future a combination of molecular profiling data from several studies would be useful in understanding the molecular background of the disease. Laryngoscope, 2012
Polyethylene glycol‐sugar composites as shape stabilized phase change materials for thermal energy storage
Authors: Alkan Cemil , Günther Eva , Hiebler Stefan , Ensari Ömer Faruk , Kahraman Derya 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG)‐sugar composites have been investigated as cost effective shape‐stabilized phase change materials for thermal energy storage. PEGs form internal hydrogen bonds stabilizing their chains at solid state. However low molecular weight PEGs are liquid due to short chains as high molecular weight PEGs have too little concentration of hydroxyl groups. Therefore, glucose, fructose, and lactose are used as hydrogen bond source in this study. Consequently it is found that sugars stabilized PEGs up to 90% PEG constitution in solid state except for 90%PEG10,000/10% fructose blend. Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) analysis revealed considerable interactions between PEGs. The maximum changes in the spectra were observed in the OH stretching region as band broadening due to increasing hydrogen bonding interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis are used to determine phase change temperatures and enthalpy of the shape‐stabilized composites that are slightly lower than those of PEG precursors due to the interference effect of sugar in crystallization process. The enthalpies of the blends are 89%, 95%, and 94% of expected from 90%PEG/10% glucose blends, 93%, 94%, and 93% of expected from 90% PEG/10% fructose blends, and 99%, 96%, and 96% of expected from 90% PEG/10% lactose blends respectively when PEGs with 1,000; 6,000; and 10,000 g/mol average molecular weights are used respectively. The diameter of the spherulitic crystals of PEGs decreases with the addition of any of sugar derivatives and spherulites of the composites turns to semi‐amorphous solid structures at temperatures above melting point of PEG precursor. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Severe bronchiolitis in infancy: Can asthma in adolescence be predicted?
Authors: Mikalsen Ingvild Bruun , Halvorsen Thomas , Eide Geir Egil , Øymar Knut 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBronchiolitis in infancy is a risk factor for development of asthma in the first decades of life, although the majority may be asymptomatic at school age. Respiratory symptoms are common in early life, and prediction of later asthma may be challenging. We aimed to study if simple clinical variables assessed at 2 years of age could predict asthma at 11 years of age and thereby provide a basis for follow‐up and treatment after bronchiolitis in infancy. The study included 105 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis during their first year of life. Of these, 101 (96.2%) participated in the first follow‐up at 2 years of age and 93 (88.6%) in the second follow‐up at age 11. The overall prevalence of asthma at 11 years of age was 22.6%. Among the risk factors assessed at 2 years of age, recurrent wheeze appeared most important (odds ratio for later asthma: 7.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 41.6; P = 0.015). Tested separately, recurrent wheeze had high sensitivity (90.5%), but low specificity (58.3%), low negative likelihood ratio (LR) (0.2) and low negative post‐test probability (4.5%); indicating that absence of recurrent wheeze was better suited to exclude than to predict asthma at 11 years of age. Combining recurrent wheeze with either parental atopy, parental asthma or atopic dermatitis improved the specificity (>80), positive LR (>3) and positive post‐test probability (∼50%), rendering the combinations more appropriate for the prediction of later asthma. In conclusion, after bronchiolitis in infancy, simple clinical non‐invasive variables assessed at 2 years of age could predict asthma at 11 years of age with reasonable accuracy. However, the data were better suited to exclude than to predict later asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:538–544. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic properties of the spin‐1/2 Ising–Heisenberg diamond chain with the four‐spin interaction
Authors: Gálisová Lucia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA symmetric spin‐1/2 Ising–Heisenberg diamond chain with the Ising four‐spin interaction is exactly solved by means of the generalized decoration‐iteration mapping transformation. The ground state, the magnetization process and thermodynamics are particularly examined for the case of antiferromagnetic pair interactions (Ising and isotropic Heisenberg ones). It is shown that an interplay between pair interactions, the four‐spin interaction and the external magnetic field gives rise to several quantum ground states with entangled spin states in addition to some semi‐classically ordered ones. Besides, the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility multiplied by the temperature is studied and the interesting triple‐peak specific heat curve is also detected when considering the zero‐field region rather close to the triple point, where three different ground states coexist.
Seismic characterization of hydrates in faulted, fine‐grained sediments of Krishna‐Godavari Basin: Full waveform inversion
Authors: Jaiswal P. , Dewangan P. , Ramprasad T. , Zelt C. A. 
Published: September 2012

In fine‐grained, faulted sediments, both stratigraphic and fault‐induced structural variations can simultaneously determine the gas hydrate distribution. Insights into hydrate distribution can be obtained from P wave velocity (VP) and attenuation (QP−1) character of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). In this paper, we apply frequency domain full‐waveform inversion (FWI) to surface‐towed 2D multichannel seismic data from the Krishna‐Godavari (KG) Basin, India, to image the fine‐scale (100 × 30 m) VP and QP−1 variations within the GHSZ. We validate the inverted VP model by reconciling it with a sonic log from a nearby (∼250 m) well. The VPmodel shows a patchy distribution of hydrate. Away from the faults‐dominated parts of the profile, hydrates demonstrate stratigraphic control which appears to be permeability driven. The QP−1model suggests that attenuation is relatively suppressed in hydrates‐bearing sediments. Elevated attenuation in non‐hydrate‐bearing sediments could be driven by the apparent pore fluid immiscibility at seismic wavelengths. The VP and the QP−1models also suggest that fault zones within the GHSZ can be hydrate‐ or free‐gas‐rich depending on the relative supply of free gas and water from below the GHSZ.
The activation loop of PKA catalytic isoforms is differentially phosphorylated by Pkh protein kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Haesendonckx Steven , Tudisca Vanesa , Voordeckers Karin , Moreno Silvia , Thevelein Johan M. , Portela Paula 
Published: September 2012

PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1) phosphorylates and activates PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) in vitro. Docking of the HM (hydrophobic motif) in the C-terminal tail of the PKA catalytic subunits on to the PIF (PDK1-interacting fragment) pocket of PDK1 is a critical step in this activation process. However, PDK1 regulation of PKA in vivo remains controversial. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three PKA catalytic subunits, TPK1, TPK2 and TPK3. We demonstrate that Pkh [PKB (protein kinase B)-activating kinase homologue] protein kinases phosphorylate the activation loop of each Tpk in vivo with various efficiencies. Pkh inactivation reduces the interaction of each catalytic subunit with the regulatory subunit Bcy1 without affecting the specific kinase activity of PKA. Comparative analysis of the in vitro interaction and phosphorylation of Tpks by Pkh1 shows that Tpk1 and Tpk2 interact with Pkh1 through an HM–PIF pocket interaction. Unlike Tpk1, mutagenesis of the activation loop site in Tpk2 does not abolish in vitro phosphorylation, suggesting that Tpk2 contains other, as yet uncharacterized, Pkh1 target sites. Tpk3 is poorly phosphorylated on its activation loop site, and this is due to the weak interaction of Tpk3 with Pkh1 because of the atypical HM found in Tpk3. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that Pkh protein kinases contribute to the divergent regulation of the Tpk catalytic subunits.
Course, outcomes, and psychosocial interventions for first‐episode mania
Authors: McMurrich Stephanie , Sylvia Louisa G , Dupuy Jamie M , Peckham Andrew D , Peters Amy T , Deckersbach Thilo , Perlis Roy H 
Published: September 2012

McMurrich S, Sylvia LG, Dupuy JM, Peckham AD, Peters AT, Deckersbach T, Perlis RH. Course, outcomes, and psychosocial interventions for first‐episode mania. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 797–808. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  The course of bipolar disorder tends to worsen over time, highlighting the importance of early intervention. Despite the recognized need for adjunctive psychosocial treatments in first‐episode mania, very few studies have evaluated psychological interventions for this period of significant risk. In this empirical review, we evaluate existing research on first‐episode bipolar disorder, compare this body of research to parallel studies of first‐episode schizophrenia, and identify strategies for future research.Methods:  A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE and PsychINFO databases was conducted to identify studies of first‐episode mania, as well as first‐episode schizophrenia. Recovery and relapse rates were compared across studies.Results:  In contrast to a number of studies of first‐episode schizophrenia, the authors identified only seven independent programs assessing first‐episode mania. Findings from these studies suggest that, while pharmacological treatment helps patients achieve recovery from acute episodes, it fails to bring patients to sustained remission. Early psychosocial intervention may be imperative in reducing residual symptoms, preventing recurrence of mood episodes, and improving psychosocial functioning. However, very few studies of psychosocial interventions for first‐episode mania have been systematically studied.Conclusions:  Studies of first‐episode mania indicate a gap between syndromal/symptomatic and functional recovery. Novel psychosocial interventions for first‐episode mania may help bridge this gap, but require controlled study.
Incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty on phylogeny‐based palaeontological dating and the timing of turtle diversification
Authors: Sterli Juliana , Pol Diego , Laurin Michel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMethods improving the performance of molecular dating of divergence time of clades have improved dramatically in recent years. The calibration of molecular dating using the first appearance of a clade in the fossil record is a crucial step towards inferring the minimal diversification time of various groups and the choice of extinct taxa can strongly influence the molecular dates. Here, we evaluate the uncertainty on the phylogenetic position of extinct taxa through non‐parametric bootstrapping. The recognition of phylogenetic uncertainty resulted in the definition of the Bootstrap Uncertainty Range (BUR) for the age of first appearance of a given clade. The BUR is calculated as the interval of geological time in which the diversification of a given clade can be inferred to have occurred, based on the temporal information of the fossil record and the topologies of the bootstrap trees. Divergence times based on BUR analyses were calculated for three clades of turtles: Testudines, Pleurodira and Cryptodira. This resulted in extensive uncertainty ranges of topology‐dependent minimal divergence dates for these clades.
Disclosing the origin and diversity of Omani cattle
Authors: Mahgoub Osman , Babiker Hamza A. , Kadim I.T. , Al‐Kindi Mohammed , Hassan Salwa , Al‐Marzooqi W. , Eltahir Yasmin E. , Al‐Abri M. A. , Al‐Khayat Aisha , Al‐Sinani Kareema R. , Hilal Al‐Khanjari Homoud , Costa Vânia , Chen Shanyuan , Beja‐Pereira Albano 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAmong all livestock species, cattle have a prominent status as they have contributed greatly to the economy, nutrition and culture from the beginning of farming societies until the present time. The origins and diversity of local cattle breeds have been widely assessed. However, there are still some regions for which very little of their local genetic resources is known. The present work aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and the origins of Omani cattle. Located in the south‐eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, close to the Near East, East Africa and the Indian subcontinent, the Sultanate of Oman occupies a key position, which may enable understanding cattle dispersal around the Indian Ocean. To disclose the origin of this cattle population, we used a set of 11 polymorphic microsatellites and 113 samples representing the European, African and Indian ancestry to compare with cattle from Oman. This study found a very heterogenic population with a markedly Bos indicus ancestry and with some degree of admixture with Bos taurus of African and Near East origin.
Re‐evaluating the effect of harvesting regimes on Nile crocodiles using an integral projection model
Authors: Wallace Kevin , Leslie Alison , Coulson Tim 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Crocodile populations are size‐structured, and for populations that are subject to harvesting, removal is typically size selective. For this reason, size‐structured matrix models are typically used to analyse the dynamics of crocodile populations. The boundaries between the size classes used to classify individuals in these models are typically chosen arbitrarily. This is problematic because results can depend upon the number and width of size classes.
The recent development of continuous character population models termed integral projection models (IPM) has removed the need to arbitrarily classify individuals. These models are yet to be applied to harvested animal populations.
Using information obtained from the literature, we develop an IPM for crocodiles. We use perturbation analyses to investigate how altering size‐specific demographic rates influences the population growth rate and the strength of selection on snout to vent length.
We find that perturbations can lead to complex responses. Sensitivity analysis to population growth and fertility selection reveals that the smallest animals and the sizes of early breeding individuals and their eggs may have more influence on these population biology parameters than previously thought.
Although our model is relatively simple, our results show that IPM can be used to gain theoretical insight into the possible consequences of altering size‐specific demographic rates on the population and evolutionary ecology of harvested populations.
sarA negatively regulates Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by modulating expression of 1 MDa extracellular matrix binding protein and autolysis‐dependent release of eDNA
Authors: Christner Martin , Heinze Constanze , Busch Michael , Franke Gefion , Hentschke Moritz , Bayard Dühring Sara , Büttner Henning , Kotasinska Marta , Wischnewski Victoria , Kroll Gesche , Buck Friedrich , Molin Soeren , Otto Michael , Rohde Holger 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBiofilm formation is essential for Staphylococcus epidermidis pathogenicity in implant‐associated infections. Nonetheless, large proportions of invasive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates fail to form a biofilm in vitro. We here tested the hypothesis that this apparent paradox is related to the existence of superimposed regulatory systems suppressing a multicellular biofilm life style in vitro. Transposon mutagenesis of clinical significant but biofilm‐negative S. epidermidis 1585 was used to isolate a biofilm positive mutant carrying a Tn917 insertion in sarA, chief regulator of staphylococcal virulence. Genetic analysis revealed that inactivation of sarA induced biofilm formation via overexpression of the giant 1 MDa extracellular matrix binding protein (Embp), serving as an intercellular adhesin. In addition to Embp, increased extracellular DNA (eDNA) release significantly contributed to biofilm formation in mutant 1585ΔsarA. Increased eDNA amounts indirectly resulted from upregulation of metalloprotease SepA, leading to boosted processing of autolysin AtlE, in turn inducing augmented autolysis and release of eDNA. Hence, this study identifies sarA as a negative regulator of Embp‐ and eDNA‐dependent biofilm formation. Given the importance of SarA as a positive regulator of polysaccharide mediated cell aggregation, the regulator enables S. epidermidis to switch between mechanisms of biofilm formation, ensuring S. epidermidis adaptation to hostile environments.