bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct abnormalities of the primate prefrontal cortex caused by ionizing radiation in early or midgestation
Authors: Selemon Lynn D. , Ceritoglu Can , Ratnanather J. Tilak , Wang Lei , Harms Michael P. , Aldridge Kristina , Begović Anita , Csernansky John G. , Miller Michael I. , Rakic Pasko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrenatal exposure of the brain to environmental insult causes different neurological symptoms and behavioral outcomes depending on the time of exposure. To examine the cellular bases for these differences, we exposed rhesus macaque fetuses to x‐rays during early gestation (embryonic day [E]30–E42), i.e., before the onset of corticogenesis, or in midgestation (E70–E81), when superficial cortical layers are generated. Animals were delivered at term (∼E165), and the size and cellular composition of prefrontal association cortex (area 46) examined in adults using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and stereologic analysis. Both early and midgestational radiation exposure diminished the surface area and volume of area 46. However, early exposure spared cortical thickness and did not alter laminar composition, and due to higher cell density, neuron number was within the normal range. In contrast, exposure to x‐rays at midgestation reduced cortical thickness, mainly due to elimination of neurons destined for the superficial layers. A cell‐sparse gap, observed within layer III, was not filled by the later‐generated neurons destined for layer II, indicating that there is no subsequent replacement of the lost neurons. The distinct areal and laminar pathology consequent to temporally segregated irradiation is consistent with basic postulates of the radial unit hypothesis of cortical development. In addition, we show that an environmental disturbance inflicted in early gestation can induce subtle cytoarchitectonic alterations without loss of neurons, such as those observed in schizophrenia, whereas midgestational exposure causes selective elimination of neurons and cortical thinning as observed in some forms of mental retardation and fetal alcohol syndrome. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1040–1053, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concentric zones for pheromone components in the mushroom body calyx of the moth brain
Authors: Namiki Shigehiro , Takaguchi Mitsuko , Seki Yoichi , Kazawa Tomoki , Fukushima Ryota , Iwatsuki Chika , Kanzaki Ryohei 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe spatial distribution of input and output neurons in the mushroom body (MB) calyx was investigated in the silkmoth Bombyx mori. In Lepidoptera, the brain has a specialized system for processing sex pheromones. How individual pheromone components are represented in the MB has not yet been elucidated. Toward this end, we first compared the distribution of the presynaptic boutons of antennal lobe projection neurons (PNs), which transfer odor information from the antennal lobe to the MB calyx. The axons of PNs that innervate pheromonal glomeruli were confined to a relatively small area within the calyx. In contrast, the axons of PNs that innervate nonpheromonal glomeruli were more widely distributed. PN axons for the minor pheromone component covered a larger area than those for the major pheromone component and partially overlapped with those innervating nonpheromonal glomeruli, suggesting the integration of the minor pheromone component with plant odors. Overall, we found that PN axons innervating pheromonal and nonpheromonal glomeruli were organized into concentric zones. We then analyzed the dendritic fields of Kenyon cells (KCs), which receive inputs from PNs. Despite the strong regional localization of axons of different PN classes, the dendrites of KCs were less well classified. Finally, we estimated the connectivity between PNs and KCs and suggest that the dendritic field may be organized to receive different amounts of pheromonal and nonpheromonal inputs. PNs for multiple pheromone components and plant odors enter the calyx in a concentric fashion, and they are read out by the elaborate dendritic field of KCs. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1073–1092, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seismic damage estimation index for service lines
Authors: Takabatake Daisuke , Shumuta Yoshiharu , Todou Takaki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new index for the seismic damage estimation of service lines. The proposed index is based on the tension of each service line due to an earthquake event. Because the tension is evaluated using not only the seismic intensity, but also the dynamic properties of the major components of the distribution equipment, including poles, lines, transformers, and service lines, the proposed index makes it possible to quantitatively differentiate the seismic damage level of every distribution pole. Using the records of seismic damage caused by the 2007 Niigata‐ken Chuetsu‐oki earthquake, the estimation accuracy of the proposed index is compared to that of existing damage indices. It is shown that the proposed index is more suitable than existing indices for equipment damage estimation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(9): 17–26, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11400
Space environment data acquisition with Kibo exposed facility on the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Obara Takahiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Space Environment Data Acquisition equipment (SEDA), which was mounted on the Exposed Facility (EF) of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM, also known as “Kibo”) on the International Space Station (ISS), was developed to measure the space environment along the orbit of the ISS. This payload module, called the SEDA‐Attached Payload (AP), began to measure the space environment in August 2009. This paper reports the mission objectives, instrumentation, and current status of the SEDA‐AP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(9): 10–16, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11418
Correlation between mechanical and dielectric relaxation processes in epoxy resin composites with nano‐ and micro‐fillers
Authors: Hyuga Mayumi , Tanaka Toshikatsu , Ohki Yoshimichi , Imai Takahiro , Harada Miyuki , Ochi Mitsukazu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEffects of addition of nano‐sized and micro‐sized fillers into epoxy resin on its mechanical and dielectric relaxation phenomena were examined. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased when a small content of nanoclay modified by octadecylamine was added, but the decrease in Tg was suppressed when the nanoclay was modified by dimethyldodecylamine. On the other hand, Tg increased when an abundant amount of microsilica was added. At temperatures above Tg, both mechanical and dielectric relaxations were accelerated in samples with octadecylamine‐modified nanoclay, while the acceleration did not occur in samples with nanoclay modified by dimethyldodecylamine. Both relaxations were restricted in composites with abundant microsilica. Therefore, co‐addition of dimethyldodecylamine‐modified nanoclay and abundant microsilica is adequate in order to make an epoxy resin composite with a high Tg and low dielectric loss. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(9): 1–9, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11420
Impact of network parameters on the design of energy‐aware cooperative content distribution protocols
Authors: Al‐Kanj Lina , Dawy Zaher 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis work presents an analytical study that investigates the impact of important network parameters on the energy consumption and group formation of a set of requesting mobile terminals that are interested in downloading cooperatively a common content. The optimal grouping of the mobile terminals, in which selected mobile terminals download the content from the base station and transmit it to other mobile terminals within their group, to minimise their total energy consumption, is an NP‐hard problem. Consequently, several heuristic algorithms have been proposed in the literature, which take into account only few network parameters that became conventional in energy minimisation problems. The main contributions of this work are the following. We show that it is hard to derive the optimal energy consumption expressions in a network with a general topology where the mobile terminals can be at any location. Thus, we consider a grid network, which is a commonly used model in ad hoc and sensor networks, where it is feasible to derive the optimal energy consumption expressions as a function of the various network parameters. Results demonstrate that ignoring conventional network parameters, in the design of energy efficient content distribution protocols, deviates the solution notably from the optimal one. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efforts to standardize wildlife toxicity values remain unrealized
Authors: Mayfield David B , Fairbrother Anne 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Wildlife toxicity reference values (TRVs) are routinely used during screening level and baseline ecological risk assessments (ERAs). Risk assessment professionals often adopt TRVs from published sources to expedite risk analyses. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs) to provide a source of TRVs that would improve consistency among risk assessments. We conducted a survey and evaluated more than 50 publicly available, large-scale ERAs published in the last decade to evaluate if USEPA's goal of uniformity in the use of wildlife TRVs has been met. In addition, these ERAs were reviewed to understand current practices for wildlife TRV use and development within the risk assessment community. The use of no observed and lowest observed adverse effect levels culled from published compendia was common practice among the majority of ERAs reviewed. We found increasing use over time of TRVs established in the Eco-SSL documents; however, Eco-SSL TRV values were not used in the majority of recent ERAs and there continues to be wide variation in TRVs for commonly studied contaminants (e.g., metals, pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs). Variability in the toxicity values was driven by differences in the key studies selected, dose estimation methods, and use of uncertainty factors. These differences result in TRVs that span multiple orders of magnitude for many of the chemicals examined. This lack of consistency in TRV development leads to highly variable results in ecological risk assessments conducted throughout the United States. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013; 9: 114–123. © 2012 SETAC
Bioactivity of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy implants treated with ibandronate after the formation of the nanotube TiO2 layer
Authors: Moon So‐Hee , Lee Seung‐Jae , Park Il‐Song , Lee Min‐Ho , Soh Yun‐Jo , Bae Tae‐Sung , Kim Hyung‐Seop 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNanostructure surface of titanium implants treated with anodic oxidation, heat, and bisphosphonates, has been introduced to improve osseointegration of the implants. However, no information could be found about the efficiency of these approaches on Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy surfaces. This study examined the drug loading capacity of anodized nanotubular Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy surfaces in vitro as well as the bone response to surface immobilized bisphosphonates (BPs) on anodized nanotubular Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy surface in tibiae of rats. Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy titanium was divided into two groups: (1) control group (nontreated); (2) test group (anodized, heat‐, and bisphosphonate‐treated group). In vitro, amount of the drug released from the both groups' specimens was examined; all samples were 1 × 2 cm in size. In vivo, the 10 implants were placed inside of tibias of five rats. After 4 weeks, the bone response of the implants was evaluated using a removal torque test, and measuring bone contact and bone area. In addition, the surfaces of the extracted implants were observed by FE‐SEM and EDS. In vitro, the drug loading capacity of the Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy surfaces was enhanced by anodizing surface modification. The values of the removal torque, bone contact, and bone area were significantly higher in the test group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, according to the EDS analysis, the amounts of Ca and P on the surface of the extracted implants were higher in the test group. Within the limits of this experiment, results of this research demonstrated that bisphosphonate‐treated Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy implants with nanotubular surfaces have positive effects in bone‐to‐implant contact. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
In vitro analysis of the cytotoxic and anti‐inflammatory effects of antioxidant compounds used as additives in ultra high‐molecular weight polyethylene in total joint replacement components
Authors: Bladen C. L. , Tzu‐Yin L. , Fisher J. , Tipper J. L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUltra high‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) remains the most commonly used material in modern joint replacement prostheses. However, UHMWPE wear particles, formed as the bearing articulates, are one of the main factors leading to joint replacement failure via the induction of osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening. Previous studies have shown that the addition of antioxidants such as vitamin E to UHMWPE can improve wear resistance of the polymer and reduce oxidative fatigue. However, little is known regarding the biological consequences of such antioxidant chemicals. This study investigated the cytotoxic and anti‐inflammatory effects of a variety of antioxidant compounds currently being tested experimentally for use in hip and knee prostheses, including nitroxides, hindered phenols, and lanthanides on U937 human histocyte cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in vitro. After addition of the compounds, cell viability was determined by dose response cytotoxicity studies. Anti‐inflammatory effects were determined by quantitation of TNF‐α release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated cells. This study has shown that many of these compounds were cytotoxic to U937 cells and PBMNCs, at relatively low concentrations (micromolar), specifically the hindered phenol 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyhydrocinnamate (HPAO1), and the nitroxide 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl (TEMPO). Lanthanides were only cytotoxic at very high concentrations and were well tolerated by the cells at lower concentrations. Cytotoxic compounds also showed reduced anti‐inflammatory effects, particularly in PBMNCs. Careful consideration should therefore be given to the use of any of these compounds as potential additives to UHMWPE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 101B: 407–413, 2013.
Advances in interactive display technologies
Authors: Bhowmik Achintya K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHow we interface and interact with computing, communications, and entertainment devices is going through revolutionary changes, with natural user inputs based on touch, gesture, and voice replacing or augmenting the use of traditional user interfaces based on the keyboard, mouse, trackballs, joysticks, and so forth. In particular, mobile devices have rapidly transitioned to adopt touch screen technologies as the primary means of user interface during recent years, enabling fun new interactive applications and experiences for the users. We have dedicated this special section of the Journal of the Society for Information Display to present an overview of recent developments and trends in the emerging field of interactive display technologies.
Correlation of processing route and heat treatment with the abrasive wear resistance of a plastic mold steel
Authors: Hill H. , Kunze M. , Heet C. , Petsch A. , Weber S. , Reiter R. , Giese P. , Theisen W. , Wielage B. , Wesling V. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe processing of polymers necessitates the use of corrosion and wear resistant tool materials being in direct contact with the feedstock material. Corrosion resistant cold work tool steels, the so called plastic mold steels, are successfully applied here, offering both a good wear and corrosion resistance. The lifetime of this tool depends on the applied heat treatment but also the processing route has a distinct effect on the resulting properties. In this work, different powder metallurgical routes like hot isostatic pressing, build‐up welding (plasma transfer arc (PTA)) and thermal spraying (high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS)) were applied to produce coatings on low‐alloyed construction steel. Coatings are compared in relation to the changes in microstructure and the feasibility of an adequate heat treatment. This paper discusses strategies to maximize wear resistance in dependence of heat treatment and the microstructural changes arising from the processing.
Microstructure and castability of lead‐free silicon brass alloys
Authors: Taha M. A. , E‐Mahallawy N. A. , Mousa T. M. , Hamouda R. M. , Yousef A. F. A. G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDevelopment of lead free brass alloys is an important subject due to the environmental demands and new regulations and standards that restrict lead contamination to decrease the toxicity. Pb‐free Si brasses are interesting alloys for this application, due to economical aspects and promising properties. In this work four Pb‐free brasses prepared with 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt% Si, based on Cu60/Zn40 alloy, are characterized. Their microstructure is examined and phases formed are identified. Castabilty indicated by fluidity and porosity is studied and correlated with the phases formed and their volume fraction.
A new interpretation of Legendre's transformation and consequences
Authors: Hoffmann H.‐J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Legendre transformation has found widespread application in thermodynamics, Hamilton‐Lagrange‐mechanics and optics. It attributes the values of the coordinates (x, y (x)) representing the points of a monotonic piecewise smooth functional curve y (x) the slopes mx (x) = dy (x)/dx and the intercepts y (mx) of their tangents on the y‐axis. Thus, the initial curve y (x) is represented by the ordered set of all slopes mx (x) = dy (x)/dx of its tangents together with their intercepts y (mx) on the y‐axis. It is shown that the transformed or conjugated function must basically be supplemented by a homogeneous linear function of the relevant variable. This is usually neglected in the literature. In addition, a new interpretation of the Legendre transformation is presented and discussed: For this purpose the derivative mx (x) is considered as the proper initial function and integrated between x0 and x. This integral is complemented by the integral of x (mx) ((the inverse function of mx (x)) over mx between mx0 = mx (x0) and mx (x), if mx (x) and x (mx) are strictly monotonic. The sum of both integrals yields the “area” (xmx – x0mx0). Legendre's transformation is obtained by reordering the respective terms. The procedure of transformation corresponds to integration by parts. Some examples and consequences of the properties considered are demonstrated and discussed using the simple model of two‐state systems. The general results of the present work remove possible internal inconsistencies in thermodynamics.
Donepezil in Parkinson's disease dementia: A randomized, double‐blind efficacy and safety study
Authors: Dubois Bruno , Tolosa Eduardo , Katzenschlager Regina , Emre Murat , Lees Andrew J. , Schumann Günther , Pourcher Emmanuelle , Gray Julian , Thomas Gail , Swartz Jina , Hsu Timothy , Moline Margaret L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractParkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is associated with cholinergic deficits. This report presents an efficacy and safety study of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil hydrochloride in PDD. PDD patients (n = 550) were randomized to donepezil (5 or 10 mg) or placebo for 24 weeks. Coprimary end points were the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS‐cog) and Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change plus caregiver input (CIBIC+; global function). Secondary end points measured executive function, attention, activities of daily living (ADLs), and behavioral symptoms. Safety and tolerability were assessed. ADAS‐cog mean changes from baseline to week 24 (end point) were not significant for donepezil in the intent‐to‐treat population by the predefined statistical model (difference from placebo: −1.45, P = .050, for 5 mg; −1.45, P = .076, for 10 mg). Alternative ADAS‐cog analysis, removing the treatment‐by‐country interaction term from the model, revealed significant, dose‐dependent benefit with donepezil (difference from placebo: −2.08, P = .002, for 5 mg; −3.31, P < .001, for 10 mg). The 10‐mg group, but not the 5‐mg group, had significantly better CIBIC+ scores compared with placebo (3.7 vs 3.9, P = .113, for 5 mg; 3.6 vs 3.9, P = .040, for 10 mg). Secondary end points—Mini–Mental State Exam; Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System; Brief Test of Attention, representing cognitive functions particularly relevant to PDD—showed significant benefit for both donepezil doses (P ≤ .007). There were no significant differences in ADLs or behavior. Adverse events were more common with donepezil but mostly mild/moderate in severity. Although the study did not achieve its predefined primary end points, it presents evidence suggesting that donepezil can improve cognition, executive function, and global status in PDD. Tolerability was consistent with the known safety profile of donepezil. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Post‐therapy functional impairment as a treatment outcome measure in non‐suicidal self‐injury disorder using archival data
Authors: Ward Anne , Bender Theodore W. , Gordon Kathryn H. , Nock Matthew K. , Joiner Thomas E. , Selby Edward A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThere have been calls for the creation of a non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) disorder, and a recent DSM‐5 work group has delineated potential diagnostic criteria for the proposed disorder. Preliminary research comparing NSSI disorder to Axis I disorders and its closest diagnostic ‘neighbor’, borderline personality disorder (BPD), suggests that impairment at intake, patient history of associated features and diagnostic co‐occurrence rates set NSSI disorder apart from existing DSM‐IV‐TR disorders. However, few studies have examined the treatment course of NSSI disorder relative to other disorders. The purpose of this study was to distinguish potential treatment outcome differences between a potential NSSI disorder, BPD and Axis I. Archival data (N = 571), which included ratings of functioning at therapy intake and termination, were analysed to determine between‐group differences. Although no significant differences in the number of months in therapy or number of sessions attended were found, findings suggest that the NSSI group made strong gains in therapy, as evidenced by improvements in clinician ratings of functional impairment from intake to termination. These findings suggest that NSSI disorder may have a positive prognosis with treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do psychiatrists need another atypical antipsychotic?
Authors: Titmarsh Steve 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAsenapine was launched in the UK early in 2012 for the treatment of acute mania in bipolar I disorder, but do psychiatrists need another atypical antipsychotic? This was the question posed by Dr Luiz Dratcu, Consultant Psychiatrist at the Maudsley Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, speaking at a satellite meeting organised by Lundbeck Ltd during the 11th Latest Advances in Psychiatry Symposium XI held in London in March. Steve Titmarsh reports.