bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma cells within granulomatous inflammation display signs pointing to autoreactivity and destruction in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Mueller Antje , Brieske Christoph , Schinke Susanne , Csernok Elena , Gross Wolfgang L , Hasselbacher Katrin , Voswinkel Jan , Holl-Ulrich Konstanze 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Plasma cells residing in inflamed tissues produce antibodies in chronic inflammatory and systemic autoimmune diseases. This study examined if plasma cells, located within inflamed nasal tissue in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), express features potentially associated with the autoimmune and destructive character of this disease.

Methods
Ig gene mutation patterns of individual tissue-derived plasma cells from GPA (n = 5) were analyzed, by using laser-assisted microdissection followed by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Signs of B-lymphocyte maturation (ectopic lymphoid structures, ELS) and survival (a proliferation-inducing ligand, APRIL; B-cell maturation antigen, BCMA; transmembrane-activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin interactor, TACI; receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, RANKL) were examined in nasal tissues or serum, respectively, by using immunohistochemistry/fluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA.

Results
Plasma-cell derived Ig genes (light- and heavy-chain pairs, n = 4; heavy chains, n = 33) resembled mutation patterns seen in other autoimmune diseases, predominantly displaying selection against replacement mutations within the framework region of Ig genes (10 of 15), which is responsible for structural integrity. Ectopic lymphoid structures were similar between GPA and a disease control (that is, unspecific chronic rhinosinusitis. However, histomorphologic features distinguishing GPA from rhinosinusitis (that is, neutrophilic microabscess and granuloma) expressed considerable amounts of membrane-associated and secreted APRIL, respectively. The latter was co-localized with CD138 and found in close proximity to cells expressing IgG, TACI, and BCMA. Interestingly, plasma cells strongly expressed receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), apart from fibroblast-like cells.

Conclusions
Plasma cells within granulomatous inflammation appear to display features that might be required for autoreactivity and, possibly, RANKL-mediated destruction in GPA.
The relationship between DNA methylation, genetic and expression inter-individual variation in untransformed human fibroblasts
Authors: Wagner James R , Busche Stephan , Ge Bing , Kwan Tony , Pastinen Tomi , Blanchette Mathieu 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
DNA methylation plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression. While its presence near the transcription start site of a gene has been associated with reduced expression, the variation in methylation levels across individuals, its environmental or genetic causes, and its association with gene expression remain poorly understood.

Results
We report the joint analysis of sequence variants, gene expression and DNA methylation in primary fibroblast samples derived from a set of 62 unrelated individuals. Approximately 2% of the most variable CpG sites are mappable in cis to sequence variation, usually within 5 kb. Via eQTL analysis with microarray data combined with mapping of allelic expression regions, we obtained a set of 2,770 regions mappable in cis to sequence variation. In 9.5% of these expressed regions, an associated SNP was also a methylation QTL. Methylation and gene expression are often correlated without direct discernible involvement of sequence variation, but not always in the expected direction of negative for promoter CpGs and positive for gene-body CpGs. Population-level correlation between methylation and expression is strongest in a subset of developmentally significant genes, including all four HOX clusters. The presence and sign of this correlation are best predicted using specific chromatin marks rather than position of the CpG site with respect to the gene.

Conclusions
Our results indicate a wide variety of relationships between gene expression, DNA methylation and sequence variation in untransformed adult human fibroblasts, with considerable involvement of chromatin features and some discernible involvement of sequence variation.
The Red Menace Reconsidered: A Forgotten History of Communist Mobilization in Rio de Janeiro’s Favelas, 1945-1964
Authors: Fischer Brodwyn 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationship between the political Left and Brazil’s urban poor by exploring the paradoxical role of Brazilian communists in the massive land struggles that mobilized Rio’s favelas against forced eviction in the mid-twentieth century. Without the communists’ organizational, legal, and political acumen, Rio’s iconic favelas might never have become a permanent and precious urban foothold for the migrant poor. Without the residents’ support, the Brazilian Communist Party might not have experienced electoral triumph in the late 1940s or maintained a strong political presence through the decades when it was declared illegal. And yet favela activists rarely acknowledge communist involvement in their struggles, and Communist activists and scholars grant such movements only a marginal, instrumental role in the Brazilian Communist movement. This dance of mutual forgetting reveals much about the subtle but persistent disjuncture between leftist ideology and grassroots political practice that characterized mid-twentieth-century Brazil. Analysts have long bemoaned and explored this disjuncture in the context of Brazil’s labor politics; this article argues that the gap between party doctrine and the massive, diffuse urban social movements of the mid-twentieth century was broader and more fateful still.
Mafalda: Middle Class, Everyday Life, and Politics in Argentina, 1964-1973
Authors: Cosse Isabella 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this article I reconstruct the history of Mafalda, the famous comic strip by the Argentine cartoonist Quino that was read, discussed, and viewed as an emblematic representation of Argentina’s middle class. With the aim of contributing to discussions on the interpretation of the middle class in Argentina and Latin America, I examine the emergence, circulation, and sociopolitical significance of the comic from its first strips in 1964 until Quino stopped producing new installments in 1973, making use of two conceptual and methodological approaches: a perspective situated at the intersection of the everyday and the political, as well as a consideration of humor as a way of exploring social identities. I argue first that Mafalda’s ironic and conceptual humor worked with the contradictions of the middle class as it faced social modernization, cultural and political radicalization, and a weakening democracy. Second, I suggest that the strip contributed to a representation of a heterogeneous middle class marked by ideological differences but nonetheless conceived as one. Third, I claim that such a representation lost its relevance with the political polarization and violence of the 1970s, as portraying a middle class—or a society—united despite differences was no longer feasible in that context. To illustrate this, the article closes by noting that, shortly after Mafalda was discontinued, state terrorism would brutally demonstrate just how little space there was in Argentina for the young, antiestablishment generation depicted in the strip.
Selective Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Uranyl Species Using Task-specific Ionic Liquid, Betainium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
Authors: Sasaki Kotoe , Suzuki Tomoya , Mori Takahiro , Arai Tsuyoshi , Takao Koichiro , Ikeda Yasuhisa 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Extraction behavior of U(VI) species from aqueous HNO3 solution to [Hbet][Tf2N] or [TMPA][Tf2N] phase (Hbet: betainium, TMPA: N,N,N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium, Tf2N: bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) has been studied. It was found that the extractability (E) is 62% in the extraction from 0.01 M HNO3 to [Hbet][Tf2N] and decreases with an increase in [HNO3] and that the U(VI) species are not extracted into [TMPA][Tf2N] phase. These results suggest that the extraction of U(VI) species is due to the complex formation of UO22+ with the COO− group of deprotonated betaine (bet). Furthermore, other metal species such as Na(I) and Al(III) in 0.01 M HNO3 solution were found to be hardly extracted.
Rapid Synthesis of 62Zn-Labeled S-Glycosylated Porphyrin as Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for In Vivo PET Imaging
Authors: Tamura Masato , Matsui Hirofumi , Hirohara Shiho , Kakiuchi Kiyomi , Tanihara Masao , Takahashi Naruto , Nakai Kozi , Kanai Yasukazu , Watabe Hiroshi , Hatazawa Jun 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]-FDG can display cancerous activity depending on glucose uptake. Consequently, different PET tracers with different metabolisms are needed for further indication. We have developed multifunctional PET agents by combining 62Zn2+ ion with laserphyrin® and bisglycosylated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrins (H2Glccis-2 and H2Glctrans-2), which can be easily synthesized and have a half-life of 9 h. 62Zn-Labeled chemicals were successfully detected as PET signals in vivo and showed PDT-induced cell death by photoirradiation.
Motivation and Interest of Pupils with Musculoskeletal Pathologies to Adaptive Physical Training
Authors: �������  , Kozlova Mariya 
Published: February 2014

Now in modern sports and pedagogical scientific literature it is paid more and more attention to problems of adaptive physical training development.
At the same time the organization of training and rehabilitations of children and pupils with disability is a low-studied problem. Important problem of
physical education is a motive formation to physical training and sport. This task solution is possible only at accounting of those leading requirements
which define person�s activity. In this paper a question related to dependence of physical abilities of children with health deviations from their motivation
level is raised. Technique introduction results have been shown: increase in lessons� game part, loading individualization, working with heterogeneous
groups, carrying out a more after-hour actions. Motivation increase recommendations for pupils of correctional educational institutions are made.
Change of Teacher�s Professional Activity Components in a New Information and Communication Educational Environment
Authors: �����������  , Abdurazakov Magomed , �����  , Aziev R. 
Published: February 2014

Use of means related to information and communication technologies (ICT) in continuous education system promotes a training of future informatics
teacher owning skills of ICT means use in his professional activity, capable to make effective decisions in dynamically changing working conditions.
In connection with this it is possible to predict that in continuous education more and more important part will be assigned to self-training and selfeducation.
Furthermore, in continuous education system formation an important role is played by formation of corresponding information and communication
educational environment (ICEE). In this aspect the problem of future informatics teacher training to professional activity in the new ICEE is
considered in the paper.
Examining the Impact of Ranking on Consumer Behavior and Search Engine Revenue
Authors: Ghose Anindya , Ipeirotis Panagiotis G. , Li Beibei 
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we study the effects of three different kinds of search engine rankings on consumer behavior and search engine revenues: direct ranking effect, interaction effect between ranking and product ratings, and personalized ranking effect. We combine a hierarchical Bayesian model estimated on approximately one million online sessions from Travelocity, together with randomized experiments using a real-world hotel search engine application. Our archival data analysis and randomized experiments are consistent in demonstrating the following: (1) A consumer-utility-based ranking mechanism can lead to a significant increase in overall search engine revenue. (2) Significant interplay occurs between search engine ranking and product ratings. An inferior position on the search engine affects “higher-class” hotels more adversely. On the other hand, hotels with a lower customer rating are more likely to benefit from being placed on the top of the screen. These findings illustrate that product search engines could benefit from directly incorporating signals from social media into their ranking algorithms. (3) Our randomized experiments also reveal that an “active” personalized ranking system (wherein users can interact with and customize the ranking algorithm) leads to higher clicks but lower purchase propensities and lower search engine revenue compared with a “passive” personalized ranking system (wherein users cannot interact with the ranking algorithm). This result suggests that providing more information during the decision-making process may lead to fewer consumer purchases because of information overload. Therefore, product search engines should not adopt personalized ranking systems by default. Overall, our study unravels the economic impact of ranking and its interaction with social media on product search engines.This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Cost Analysis of Premixed Multichamber Bags versus Compounded Parenteral Nutrition: Breakeven Point
Authors: Bozat Erkut , Korubuk Gamze , Onar Pelin , Abbasoglu Osman 
Published: February 2014

Background Industrially premixed multichamber bags or hospital-manufactured compounded products can be used for parenteral nutrition. The aim of this study was to compare the cost of these 2 approaches. Materials and Methods Costs of compounded parenteral nutrition bags in an university hospital were calculated. A total of 600 bags that were administered during 34 days between December 10, 2009 and February 17, 2010 were included in the analysis. For quality control, specific gravity evaluation of the filled bags was performed. Results It was calculated that the variable cost of a hospital compounded bag was $26.15. If we take the annual fixed costs into consideration, the production cost reaches $36.09 for each unit. It was estimated that the cost for the corresponding multichamber bag was $37.79. Taking the fixed and the variable costs into account, the breakeven point of the hospital compounded and the premixed multichamber bags was seen at 5,404 units per year. In specific gravity evaluation, it was observed that the mean and interval values were inside the upper and lower control margins. Conclusion In this analysis, usage of hospital-compounded parenteral nutrition bags showed a cost advantage in hospitals that treat more than 15 patients per day. In small volume hospitals, premixed multichamber bags may be more beneficial.
Effects of Etomidate on Adrenal Suppression: A Review of Intubated Septic Patients
Authors: Thompson Bastin Melissa L. , Baker Stephanie N. , Weant Kyle A. 
Published: February 2014

Background Etomidate is a commonly used sedative during rapid sequence intubation (RSI). Septic patients are at an increased risk of independently developing adrenal suppression, which has been associated with increased mortality in some studies. Since etomidate affects cortisol production, its use in septic patients is controversial. However, data are still lacking to prove that etomidate should be avoided in this patient population. Objectives The objective was to review patients diagnosed with sepsis who received etomidate during RSI. Our hypothesis is that patients who receive etomidate will experience clinically significant hypotension within the first 24 hours of intubation. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients intubated in the emergency department (ED) and medical/surgical floors at our institution from 2004 to 2010. Once patients with a diagnosis of sepsis were identified, it was determined whether the patients received etomidate or a different sedative during intubation. The primary endpoint was clinically significant hypotension: systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure <60 mm Hg. Results One hundred fifty-seven patients, 110 etomidate and 47 non-etomidate, were included in the final analysis. Hypotension was seen in 79 (71.8%) patients who received etomidate and in 14 (29.8%) patients who received another sedative ( P ≤ .001). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary objectives. Conclusion Etomidate use for induction of anesthesia during RSI was associated with clinically significant hypotension when compared to other sedatives. The hypotension was transient and did not translate into statistically significant differences in the secondary clinical endpoints.
Identification of Faulted Feeder Section in Distribution Systems Using Overcurrent Information from Switching Devices
Authors: Liao Yuan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Promptly locating faults in distribution systems plays an essential role in restoring services. Presence of laterals may lead to multiple solutions by impedance-based method. One possible way for quickly identifying the faulted feeder section is to utilize the overcurrent information provided by the switching devices installed in the system. This article presents an enhanced method that identifies the faulted feeder section based on the information from switching devices and the network structure. The proposed method is general, applicable to presence of a single-fault or multi-faults, and suitable for single- or multi-source networks. The advantages over existing methods are elimination of iterative steps for multi-source systems. Case studies have demonstrated that the method is effective in identifying the faulted section.
Modeling of Synthetic Turbulence Generation in Boundary Layer by Using Zonal RANS/LES Method
Authors: Issakhov Alibek 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Zonal RANS/LES modelings have received considerable attention over recent years. Especially with the?attached boundary layers that computed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier – Stokes (RANS) equations, and non-equilibrium zones of the flow by large-eddy simulation (LES). Generation eddies from a smooth RANS field of turbulent eddies capable of supporting the Reynolds stresses in the LES zones are one issue that may affect the accuracy of the results of zonal methods. Synthetic turbulence and controlled forcing are used to generate turbulence structures in the LES zones.
Two patients with atypical low triiodothyronine syndrome: primary deiodinase abnormalities?
Authors: Tevaarwerk Gerald J M 
Published: February 2014

Summary
Low triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in the presence of normal thyroxine (T4) and TSH levels, referred to as the low T3 syndrome (LT3S), are common. LT3S may be caused by starvation, various non-thyroidal illnesses (NTIs) and some medications. Reverse T3 (rT3) concentrations are elevated in the more severely ill, and they characteristically fail to respond to exogenous levothyroxine (l-T4) therapy. The biochemical abnormalities have been explained on the basis of altered peripheral deiodinase activities. Herein, we report on two patients with hypothyroid symptoms who on testing were found to have LT3S. They were atypical clinically in not having LT3S due to any of the usual causes, had no increased rT3 concentrations, and had a normal negative TSH feedback response to l-T4. One (patient 1) had previously been diagnosed with Hashimoto's autoimmune primary hypothyroidism and was on l-T4 therapy. Both had T4 concentrations in the reference range. TSH levels were elevated in patient 1 and in the reference range in patient 2. Starting or increasing l-T4 doses resulted in no clinical improvement and no increase in T3 levels in spite of a marked increase in T4 levels. It is suggested that in the absence of the usual causes, lack of elevated rT3 levels, response to treatment and intact negative TSH feedback these two patients differ from the usual secondary causes of decreases in deiodinase activity. It is speculated that they may represent primary alterations in deiodinase enzymes possibly due to genetic variations in the deiodinase-encoding genes.

Learning points

LT3S is commonly found secondary to starvation, NTIs and use of some medications.

Low T3 levels are the result of alterations in the activity of deiodinase enzymes.

LT3S without the usual causes may represent a primary disturbance in deiodinase activity.
A case of insulin and ACTH co-secretion by a neuroendocrine tumour
Authors: Solomou S , Khan R , Propper D , Berney D , Druce M 
Published: February 2014

Summary
A 33-year-old male was diagnosed with a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of uncertain primary. He defaulted from follow-up without therapy and some months later developed episodic severe hypoglycaemia, which was found to be associated with inappropriately elevated insulin and C-peptide levels. It was considered likely that the neuroendocrine tumour was the source of the insulin secretion. Diazoxide and somatostatin analogue were used to control hypoglycaemia. Much later in the course of the disease, he developed metabolic derangement, increased skin pigmentation and psychological disturbance, without frankly Cushingoid physical findings. Investigations revealed highly elevated cortisol levels (the levels having previously been normal) with markedly raised ACTH levels, consistent with the co-secretion of ACTH and insulin by the tumour. Treatment with metyrapone improved his psychological state and electrolyte imbalance. Unfortunately, despite several cycles of first-, second- and third-line chemotherapy from the start of the first hormonal presentation onwards, imaging revealed widespread progressive metastatic disease and the patient eventually passed away. This case highlights the importance of keeping in mind the biochemical heterogeneity of endocrine tumours during their treatment.

Learning points

The clinical presentation of insulin-secreting tumours includes symptoms of neuroglycopaenia and sympathetic overstimulation.

Tumour-associated hypoglycaemia can be due to pancreatic insulinomas, and although ectopic hormone production occurs in a number of tumours, ectopic secretion of insulin is rare.

A possible switch in the type of hormone produced can occur during the growth and progression of neuroendocrine tumours and, when treating neuroendocrine tumours, it is important to keep in mind their biochemical heterogeneity.
Composite Geopolymeric Binders of Fly Ash, Effect of the Particle Size and Addition of Calcium Aluminate Cement
Authors: Cardona-Hernández L.L , Escalante-García J.I. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAn investigation on composite geopolymeric binders, based on alkali activated fly ash (PFA) substituted with low-alumina calcium aluminate cement (CAC), was carried out using a Factorial experimental design in which the factors and levels were: %Na2O, 8-12%; modulus of the solution Ms=SiO2/Na2O =0 - 2, 10-30 wt% of CAC and fineness of PFA (D90) from 161.8 to 6.46 microns. The contribution of each factor was estimated with the 28-day compressive strength as the response variable. The curing temperature was 24h@60°C, and then at 20°C until mechanical testing. The specimens were also characterized by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the grinding modified the morphology of the PFA without changing the crystallographic or chemical characteristics as detected by XRD; and improved the mechanical properties of the geopolymers. The strength increased notably with the Ms up to 1, and reduced for Ms >1; the strength increased with the %Na2O and %CAC. Electron microscopy showed a higher densification at smaller PFA particle size, and the CAC addition promoted the formation of zeolite and Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O products.