bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined uncertainty estimation for the determination of the dissolved iron amount content in seawater using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Floor Geerke H. , Clough Robert , Lohan Maeve C. , Ussher Simon J. , Worsfold Paul J. , Quétel Christophe R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis work assesses the components contributing to the combined uncertainty budget associated with the measurement of the Fe amount content by flow injection chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) in <0.2 μm filtered and acidified seawater samples. Amounts of loaded standard solutions and samples were determined gravimetrically by differential weighing. Up to 5% variations in the loaded masses were observed during measurements, in contradiction to the usual assumptions made when operating under constant loading time conditions. Hence signal intensities (V) were normalised to the loaded mass and plots of average normalised intensities (in V kg−1) vs. values of the Fe amount content (in nmol kg−1) added to a “low level” iron seawater matrix were used to produce the calibration graphs. The measurement procedure implemented and the uncertainty estimation process developed were validated from the agreement obtained with consensus values for three SAFe and GEOTRACES reference materials (D2, GS, and GD). Relative expanded uncertainties for peak height and peak area based results were estimated to be around 12% and 10% (coverage factor k = 2), respectively. The most important contributory factors were the uncertainty on the sensitivity coefficient (i.e., calibration slope) and the within‐sequence‐stability (i.e., the signal stability over several hours of operation; here 32 h). For GD, using peak height measurements, these factors contributed respectively 69.7% and 21.6% while the short‐term repeatability accounted for only 7.9%. Therefore, an uncertainty estimation based on the intensity repeatability alone, as is often done in FI‐CL studies, is not a realistic estimation of the overall uncertainty of the procedure.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate Delivered via a Novel, Prefilled Single-Use Autoinjector: A Phase II Study
Authors: Kaminetsky Jed , Jaffe Jonathan S. , Swerdloff Ronald S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Hypogonadism is one of the most common male endocrine problems. Although many treatments are currently available, unmet need exists for new testosterone (T) replacement therapies that are simple to administer and use, are safe, and mimic physiologic T levels.

Aim
The study aim was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of T enanthate (TE) administered via a novel single-use autoinjector system, which was designed to eject high-viscosity solutions from a prefilled syringe fitted with a five-eighths-inch 27-gauge needle.

Methods
Thirty-nine men with hypogonadism entered this dose-finding, open-label, parallel-group study. Patients were washed out of their topical T regimens and randomized to receive 50 or 100 mg of subcutaneous (SC) TE weekly. The reference group were patients with hypogonadism who were maintained on standard 200-mg intramuscular (IM) TE.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome measure was the PK profile of SC TE, analyzed in reference to T levels used by the Food and Drug Administration to approve T products. Secondary outcome measures were safety and tolerability assessments.

Results
Both doses of SC TE achieved normal average concentrations of serum T within a 168-h dosing interval after injection. Concentration ranges were similar at all time points following 50-mg SC TE injections and following the third injection in the 100-mg arm. Mean steady-state T concentration at week 6 was 422.4 and 895.5 ng/dL for the 50- and 100-mg SC TE arms, respectively. SC TE demonstrated PK dose proportionality. SC TE restored normal serum T with low variation relative to 200-mg IM without clinically significant adverse events.

Conclusions
Administration of TE via this novel injection system restored T levels to normal range in men with hypogonadism. SC TE dosed weekly demonstrated steady, dose-proportional measures of exposure and was well-tolerated.
A QoE centric distributed caching approach for vehicular video streaming in cellular networks
Authors: Sun Fei , Liu Bo , Hou Fen , Zhou Haibo , Chen Jiacheng , Rui Yun , Gui Lin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDistributed caching‐empowered wireless networks can greatly improve the efficiency of data storage and transmission and thereby the users' quality of experience (QoE). However, how this technology can alleviate the network access pressure while ensuring the consistency of content delivery is still an open question, especially in the case where the users are in fast motion. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the caching issue emerging from a forthcoming scenario where vehicular video streaming is performed under cellular networks. Specifically, a QoE centric distributed caching approach is proposed to fulfill as many users' requests as possible, considering the limited caching space of base stations and basic user experience guarantee. Firstly, a QoE evaluation model is established using verified empirical data. Also, the mathematic relationship between the streaming bit rate and actual storage space is developed. Then, the distributed caching management for vehicular video streaming is formulated as a constrained optimization problem and solved with the generalized–reduced gradient method. Simulation results indicate that our approach can improve the users' satisfaction ratio by up to 40%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Hawthorne Effect in Infection Prevention and Epidemiology
Authors: Chen Luke F. , Vander Weg Mark W. , Hofmann David A. , Reisinger Heather Schacht 
Published: September 2015

The Hawthorne Effect is a prevalent observer effect that causes behavioral changes among participants of epidemiological studies or infection control interventions. The purpose of the review is to describe the origins of the Hawthorne Effect, to understand the term in relation to current scientific literature, to describe characteristics of the Hawthorne effect, and to discuss methods to quantify and overcome limitations associated with the Hawthorne Effect.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;36(12):1444–1450
Effect of the probiotic strainBifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis, BB-12®, on defecation frequency in healthy subjects with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial
Authors: Eskesen Dorte , Jespersen Lillian , Michelsen Birgit , Whorwell Peter J. , Müller-Lissner Stefan , Morberg Cathrine M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect ofBifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis, BB-12®, on two primary end points – defecation frequency and gastrointestinal (GI) well-being – in healthy adults with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort. A total of 1248 subjects were included in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomised to 1 or 10 billion colony-forming units/d of the probiotic strain BB-12®or a matching placebo capsule once daily for 4 weeks. Subjects completed a diary on bowel habits, relief of abdominal discomfort and symptoms. GI well-being, defined as global relief of abdominal discomfort, did not show significant differences. The OR for having a defecation frequency above baseline for ≥50 % of the time was 1·31 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·75),P=0·071, for probiotic treatment overall. Tightening the criteria for being a responder to an increase of ≥1 d/week for ≥50 % of the time resulted in an OR of 1·55 (95 % CI 1·22, 1·96),P=0·0003, for treatment overall. A treatment effect on average defecation frequency was found (P=0·0065), with the frequency being significantly higher compared with placebo at all weeks for probiotic treatment overall (allP<0·05). Effects on defecation frequency were similar for the two doses tested, suggesting that a ceiling effect was reached with the one billion dose. Overall, 4 weeks’ supplementation with the probiotic strain BB-12®resulted in a clinically relevant benefit on defecation frequency. The results suggest that consumption of BB-12®improves the GI health of individuals whose symptoms are not sufficiently severe to consult a doctor (ISRCTN18128385).
Effect of Focused Ion Beam Imaging on the Crystallinity of InAs
Authors: Chen Wei-Chieh , Huang Tien-Hao , Chen Kuan-Chao , Lin Hao-Hsiung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigated the effect of focused ion beam (FIB) imaging on the crystallinity of InAs using Raman scattering. A spatial correlation model was used to fit the broad band induced by FIB imaging. The fitting gives a correlation length of ~42 Å for the noisiest image condition (with an ion fluence of 7.4×1010 cm−2), implying severe damage in the surface layer of InAs. However, further increasing the fluence by several orders of magnitude only decreases the correlation length from 42 to 35 Å. We attribute the severe damage to the high beam current density and the low scanning speed of the FIB imaging process. These process conditions, along with low InAs thermal conductivity, also leads to a high local temperature in the exposed region that largely annihilated the defects and resulted in the nearly fluence-independent behavior.
Current situation and diversity of indigenous cattle breeds of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Atiyat R.M. , Aljumaah R.S. , Abudabos A.M. , Alghamdi A.A. , Alharthi A.S. , AlJooan H.S. , Alotybi M.N. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis study aims to evaluate the current situation and diversity of indigenous cattle breeds in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A survey was executed in five regions of the KSA. We recorded population sizes, phenotypes and rearing conditions. TaurineBos taurusand zebuBos indicuspopulations were found. The zebu cattle include two breeds; the Hassawi and the Janobi. The Hassawi breed was found in the eastern region and it is in decreasing number. It may become extinct soon in the absence of conservation plan. Janobi remains common with thousand animals in the south-western part of the country. Only one indigenous taurine cow, showing no phenotypic evidence of zebu introgression, was found in the Central region of KSA (Najd Plateau). This cow might be the last pure indigenous Saudi Arabia taurine animal and therefore, the breed is now close to extinction. We advocate the urgency to design conservation plan for the indigenous livestock of the KSA and to complement these with phenotypic as well as genotypic information.
eIF6 coordinates insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism by coupling translation to transcription
Authors: Brina Daniela , Miluzio Annarita , Ricciardi Sara , Clarke Kim , Davidsen Peter K. , Viero Gabriella , Tebaldi Toma , Offenhäuser Nina , Rozman Jan , Rathkolb Birgit , Neschen Susanne , Klingenspor Martin , Wolf Eckhard , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Fuchs Helmut , Hrabe de Angelis Martin , Quattrone Alessandro , Falciani Francesco , Biffo Stefano 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInsulin regulates glycaemia, lipogenesis and increases mRNA translation. Cells with reduced eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) do not increase translation in response to insulin. The role of insulin-regulated translation is unknown. Here we show that reduction of insulin-regulated translation in mice heterozygous for eIF6 results in normal glycaemia, but less blood cholesterol and triglycerides. eIF6 controls fatty acid synthesis and glycolysis in a cell autonomous fashion. eIF6 acts by exerting translational control of adipogenic transcription factors like C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and ATF4 that have G/C rich or uORF sequences in their 5′ UTR. The outcome of the translational activation by eIF6 is a reshaping of gene expression with increased levels of lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes. Finally, eIF6 levels modulate histone acetylation and amounts of rate-limiting fatty acid synthase (Fasn) mRNA. Since obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer require a Fasn-driven lipogenic state, we propose that eIF6 could be a therapeutic target for these diseases.
Intrinsic homogeneous linewidth and broadening mechanisms of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Moody Galan , Kavir Dass Chandriker , Hao Kai , Chen Chang-Hsiao , Li Lain-Jong , Singh Akshay , Tran Kha , Clark Genevieve , Xu Xiaodong , Berghäuser Gunnar , Malic Ermin , Knorr Andreas , Li Xiaoqin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe band-edge optical response of transition metal dichalcogenides, an emerging class of atomically thin semiconductors, is dominated by tightly bound excitons localized at the corners of the Brillouin zone (valley excitons). A fundamental yet unknown property of valley excitons in these materials is the intrinsic homogeneous linewidth, which reflects irreversible quantum dissipation arising from system (exciton) and bath (vacuum and other quasiparticles) interactions and determines the timescale during which excitons can be coherently manipulated. Here we use optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure the exciton homogeneous linewidth in monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2). The homogeneous linewidth is found to be nearly two orders of magnitude narrower than the inhomogeneous width at low temperatures. We evaluate quantitatively the role of exciton–exciton and exciton–phonon interactions and population relaxation as linewidth broadening mechanisms. The key insights reported here—strong many-body effects and intrinsically rapid radiative recombination—are expected to be ubiquitous in atomically thin semiconductors.
In vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Dynamics After Lower-Limb Muscle Injury Enables Quantitative Classification of Healing
Authors: Aguilar Carlos A. , Shcherbina Anna , Ricke Darrell O. , Pop Ramona , Carrigan Christopher T. , Gifford Casey A. , Urso Maria L. , Kottke Melissa A. , Meissner Alexander 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTraumatic lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries are pervasive amongst athletes and the military and typically an individual returns to activity prior to fully healing, increasing a predisposition for additional injuries and chronic pain. Monitoring healing progression after a musculoskeletal injury typically involves different types of imaging but these approaches suffer from several disadvantages. Isolating and profiling transcripts from the injured site would abrogate these shortcomings and provide enumerative insights into the regenerative potential of an individual’s muscle after injury. In this study, a traumatic injury was administered to a mouse model and healing progression was examined from 3 hours to 1 month using high-throughput RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Comprehensive dissection of the genome-wide datasets revealed the injured site to be a dynamic, heterogeneous environment composed of multiple cell types and thousands of genes undergoing significant expression changes in highly regulated networks. Four independent approaches were used to determine the set of genes, isoforms and genetic pathways most characteristic of different time points post-injury and two novel approaches were developed to classify injured tissues at different time points. These results highlight the possibility to quantitatively track healing progression in situ via transcript profiling using high- throughput sequencing.
Vacancy and Doping States in Monolayer and bulk Black Phosphorus
Authors: Guo Yuzheng , Robertson John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe atomic geometries and transition levels of point defects and substitutional dopants in few-layer and bulk black phosphorus are calculated. The vacancy is found to reconstruct in monolayer P to leave a single dangling bond, giving a negative U defect with a +/− transition level at 0.24 eV above the valence band edge. The V−state forms an unusual 4-fold coordinated site. In few-layer and bulk black P, the defect becomes a positive U site. The divacancy is much more stable than the monovacancy and it reconstructs to give no deep gap states. Substitutional dopants such as C, Si, O or S do not give rise to shallow donor or acceptor states but instead reconstruct to form non-doping sites analogous to DX or AX centers in GaAs. Impurities on black P adopt the 8-N rule of bonding, as in amorphous semiconductors, rather than simple substitutional geometries seen in tetrahedral semiconductors.
Dynamic and social behaviors of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Phadnis Smruti M. , Loewke Nathan O. , Dimov Ivan K. , Pai Sunil , Amwake Christine E. , Solgaard Olav , Baer Thomas M. , Chen Bertha , Pera Renee A. Reijo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew or differentiate to diverse cell types, thus providing a platform for basic and clinical applications. However, pluripotent stem cell populations are heterogeneous and functional properties at the single cell level are poorly documented leading to inefficiencies in differentiation and concerns regarding reproducibility and safety. Here, we use non-invasive time-lapse imaging to continuously examine hPSC maintenance and differentiation and to predict cell viability and fate. We document dynamic behaviors and social interactions that prospectively distinguish hPSC survival, self-renewal and differentiation. Results highlight the molecular role of E-cadherin not only for cell-cell contact but also for clonal propagation of hPSCs. Results indicate that use of continuous time-lapse imaging can distinguish cellular heterogeneity with respect to pluripotency as well as a subset of karyotypic abnormalities whose dynamic properties were monitored.
Sensitive western blotting for detection of endogenous Ser129-phosphorylated α-synuclein in intracellular and extracellular spaces
Authors: Sasaki Asuka , Arawaka Shigeki , Sato Hiroyasu , Kato Takeo 
Published: September 2015

Abstractα-Synuclein deposited in Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), is highly phosphorylated at serine 129 (Ser129). In contrast, there is very little Ser129-phosphorylated α-synuclein in the normal brains. This difference suggests that Ser129-phosphorylation is involved in neurodegenerative processes of PD. However, the role of this modification remains unclear. One limiting factor for relevant biochemical analyses is that it is difficult to detect endogenous Ser129-phosphoryated α-synuclein by western blotting, because α-synuclein monomers detached from the transferred membrane during incubation. Here, we reported that combination fixation of the transferred membrane with 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.01 ~ 0.1% glutaraldehyde produced an approximately 10-fold increase in the sensitivity for Ser129-phosphorylated α-synuclein monomers, allowing detection of endogenous proteins even in conditioned medium, human cerebrospinal fluid and extracts from cell lines and human brain. This method may enable more detailed biochemical analyses for α-synuclein transmission between intra and extracellular spaces under physiological and pathological conditions.
Circulating cell death biomarker: good candidates of prognostic indicator for patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Cao Zhujun , Li Fengdi , Xiang Xiaogang , Liu Kehui , Liu Yuhan , Tang Weiliang , Lin Lanyi , Guo Qing , Bao Shisan , Xie Qing , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInvestigations on survival of patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) are sparse and urgently needed. The current study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating cell death biomarkers (M30-anigen, M65-antigen and HMGB1) for HBV ACLF. In this prospective study (2/2013–8/2014), 94 patients including 54 HBV-ACLF and 40 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were recruited. 40 healthy controls (HC) were also recruited. HBV-ACLF were followed up for 3 months for short-term mortality. All three biomarkers were significantly elevated in HBV-ACLF compared with CHB or HC. M30- and M65-antigens could significantly discriminate between non-survivors and survivors in HBV-ACLF. However, HMGB1 showed no prognostic value. By Cox regression analysis, M30- and M65-antigens and MELD were identified as independent predictors for short-term mortality. A novel prognostic model, MELD-CD (MELD-cell death) was established based on the multivariate results. The adjusted Harrell’s C-index of MELD-CD was 0.86 (P < 0.001) and was significantly higher (P < 0.001 for all) than the currently used models, MELD (C-index, 0.71, P < 0.001), MELD-NA (0.67, P < 0.001), CTPs (0.61, P < 0.05). Dynamic analyses further confirmed the prognostic utility of M30- and M65-antigen. Future studies are warranted to validate the results.
Green synthesis of carbon-supported nanoparticle catalysts by physical vapor deposition on soluble powder substrates
Authors: Park Hee-Young , Jang Injoon , Jung Namgee , Chung Young-Hoon , Ryu Jaeyune , Cha In Young , Kim Hyoung-Juhn , Jang Jong Hyun , Yoo Sung Jong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMetal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) supported on high surface area carbon (NP/Cs) were prepared by the physical vapor deposition of bulk materials on an α-D-glucose (Glu) substrate, followed by the deposition of the NPs on carbon supports. Using Glu as a carrier for the transport of NPs from the bulk materials to the carbon support surfaces, ultrafine NPs were obtained, exhibiting a stabilizing effect through OH moieties on the Glu surfaces. This stabilizing effect was strong enough to stabilize the NPs, but weak enough to not significantly block the metal surfaces. As only the target materials and Glu are required in our procedure, it can be considered environmentally friendly, with the NPs being devoid of hazardous chemicals. Furthermore, the resulting NP/Cs exhibited an improvement in activity for various electrochemical reactions, mainly attributed to their high surface area.
Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of MyD88-dependent signaling pathways using a computational screen
Authors: Olson Mark A. , Lee Michael S. , Kissner Teri L. , Alam Shahabuddin , Waugh David S. , Saikh Kamal U. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, we used high-throughput computational screening to discover drug-like inhibitors of the host MyD88 protein-protein signaling interaction implicated in the potentially lethal immune response associated with Staphylococcal enterotoxins. We built a protein-protein dimeric docking model of the Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR)-domain of MyD88 and identified a binding site for docking small molecules. Computational screening of 5 million drug-like compounds led to testing of 30 small molecules; one of these molecules inhibits the TIR-TIR domain interaction and attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human primary cell cultures. Compounds chemically similar to this hit from the PubChem database were observed to be more potent with improved drug-like properties. Most of these 2nd generation compounds inhibit Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β production at 2–10 μM in human primary cells. Biochemical analysis and a cell-based reporter assay revealed that the most promising compound, T6167923, disrupts MyD88 homodimeric formation, which is critical for its signaling function. Furthermore, we observed that administration of a single dose of T6167923 completely protects mice from lethal SEB-induced toxic shock. In summary, our in silico approach has identified anti-inflammatory inhibitors against in vitro and in vivo toxin exposure with promise to treat other MyD88-related pro-inflammatory diseases.