bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and application of methylcellulose and potato starch blended films in controlled release of urea
Authors: Babu Keshak , Bera Achinta , Kumari Kamlesh , Mandal Ajay , Saxena Vinod Kumar 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Biodegradable blended films from methylcellulose (MC) and potato starch (PST) have been developed by the casting process. In the present work the influences of concentrations of MC and PST on rheological properties, swelling, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, percentage elongation at break and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the prepared blended films have been studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of pure MC, PST, their mixture and the mixture with glutaraldehyde and urea was performed to investigate the interactions in blended films. The blended films of MC and PST showed an increase in tensile strength due to the cross linking reactions of the amylopectin molecule of PST in the physical gel state. The change of percentage elongation at break increased with MC concentration and the opposite trend was found in the case of the WVTR due to the network structure of the blended films. The blended films showed a large improvement in the abovementioned properties compared with each single component, due to the interaction formed between hydroxyl groups of PST and the methoxy groups of MC. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the controlled urea release through blended films and the kinetics of the process. Interesting results were found with the prepared MC and PST blended films.
Micropillar Arrays for High Sensitivity Sensors
Authors: Kim Youngwoo , Goulbourne Nakhiah 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report on a new micropillar sensor array that is stretchable, flexible, and has high sensitivity in the tactile sensing regime (<10 kPa). The sensor array is capable of detecting deformation modes other than pressure such as shear and planar extension. The capacitance-type sensor is fabricated using soft nanolithography whereby the micropillars are individually electroded using a sputtering technique. Buckled gold electrodes are used in this study to enable large sensor stretches up to 55%. Three micropillar aspect ratios were considered in this work (1:1, 1:2, 1:3). Here we present the highest reported sensitivity [0.8 kPa-1] of a capacitance type flexible/stretchable sensor. Our results show that this sensor is also able to detect very low pressures down to 5.4 Pa, which is in the range of ultra-low detection pressures recently reported. Finally, the microstructured sensor array naturally lends itself to the development of pixel-type pressure sensors. We present preliminary results for a 25 pixel array.
Flexible Fibrous Piezo-Electric Sensor on Printed Silver Electrode
Authors: Son Ho Yeon , Nam Yoon Sung , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTHere we introduce a facile method to fabricate a flexible piezoelectric sensor using one-dimensional (1-D) piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers directly produced onto flexible printed electrodes by electro-spinning without an additional poling process. The flexible silver electrodes are fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using silver nanowires by easy and cost-effective spraying deposition. The electrospun PVDF nanofibers have uniaxially aligned arrays on the electrodes by using a rotating collector. The fabricated PVDF piezoelectric sensors demonstrate the piezoelectric responses with repeated mechanical stimuli with good flexibility and high sensitivity. We expect that the facile fabrication of PVDF piezoelectric sensors on flexible printed electrodes can be usefully exploited to integrate the piezoelectric sensors into flexible and stretchable functional electronic devices.
Modeling Chromophore Order: A Guide For Improving EO Performance
Authors: Tillack Andreas F , Johnson Lewis E , Rawal Meghana , Dalton Larry R , Robinson Bruce H 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of organic nonlinear optical (ONLO) materials in electro-optic (EO) modulators requires that the active molecular components (chromophores) be acentrically oriented. The fundamental molecular constituents are in a condensed, glassy phase. Molecular orientation in such systems is typically achieved by applying a DC poling field to the glassy material. We are developing efficient coarse-grained classical Monte Carlo (MC) methods to simulate the order of such systems. The most challenging aspects of these simulations are convergence to an experimentally relevant equilibrium ensemble and verification of simulation accuracy. We use a variety of molecular descriptions and a variety of MC methods to achieve proper order in the shortest number of computational cycles possible. Herein, we illustrate a few examples of the types of calculations and compare with experimental results with representative amorphous organic materials, including electro-optic chromophores.
Soybean Aphid Resistance in Soybean Germplasm Accessions of Maturity Group I
Authors: Bhusal Siddhi J. , Jiang Guo‐Liang , Hesler Louis S. , Orf James H. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSoybean aphid (SA; Aphis glycines Matsumura) is a major pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America, particularly the northern United States. Identification of SA resistance in early‐maturing soybeans will facilitate development of aphid‐resistant cultivars for this region. In this study, 330 soybean germplasm accessions from Maturity Group (MG) I, along with 11 resistant or susceptible checks, were evaluated against SA in greenhouse by caged (no‐choice) and noncaged tests. Germplasm accessions that showed resistance in these tests were then tested in the field under natural infestations supplemented by artificial inoculation. In the greenhouse tests, accessions PI 189946, PI 153214, and PI 437075 exhibited low SA levels (<50 aphids plant−1 in caged test and SA score of 1.3 or less in noncaged test) similar to those on resistant checks. Six accessions (PI 378663, PI 603587A, PI 567250A, PI 603326, PI 603339A, and PI 603546A) showed moderate aphid resistance with <135 aphids plant−1 in caged and SA score of 2.3 or less in noncaged test. In the field, PI 567250A and PI 603339A performed similar to resistant checks, and PI 153214 and PI 437075 showed moderate aphid resistance. Across all three tests, PI 567250A and PI 603339A exhibited consistently low levels of aphid infestation and thus may be useful in soybean breeding as newly identified sources of SA resistance.
Leptin Is Associated With Exaggerated Brain Reward and Emotion Responses to Food Images in Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Jastreboff Ania M. , Lacadie Cheryl , Seo Dongju , Kubat Jessica , Van Name Michelle A. , Giannini Cosimo , Savoye Mary , Constable R. Todd , Sherwin Robert S. , Caprio Sonia , Sinha Rajita 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE
In the U.S., an astonishing 12.5 million children and adolescents are now obese, predisposing 17% of our nation’s youth to metabolic complications of obesity, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adolescent obesity has tripled over the last three decades in the setting of food advertising directed at children. Obese adults exhibit increased brain responses to food images in motivation-reward pathways. These neural alterations may be attributed to obesity-related metabolic changes, which promote food craving and high-calorie food (HCF) consumption. It is not known whether these metabolic changes affect neural responses in the adolescent brain during a crucial period for establishing healthy eating behaviors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-five obese (BMI 34.4 kg/m2, age 15.7 years) and fifteen lean (BMI 20.96 kg/m2, age 15.5 years) adolescents underwent functional MRI during exposure to HCF, low-calorie food (LCF), and nonfood (NF) visual stimuli 2 h after isocaloric meal consumption.

RESULTS
Brain responses to HCF relative to NF cues increased in obese versus lean adolescents in striatal-limbic regions (i.e., putamen/caudate, insula, amygdala) (P &lt; 0.05, family-wise error [FWE]), involved in motivation-reward and emotion processing. Higher endogenous leptin levels correlated with increased neural activation to HCF images in all subjects (P &lt; 0.05, FWE).

CONCLUSIONS
This significant association between higher circulating leptin and hyperresponsiveness of brain motivation-reward regions to HCF images suggests that dysfunctional leptin signaling may contribute to the risk of overconsumption of these foods, thus further predisposing adolescents to the development of obesity and T2D.
Cold Start Emissions of Spark-Ignition Engines at Low Ambient Temperatures as an Air Quality Risk
Authors: Bielaczyc Piotr , Szczotka Andrzej , Woodburn Joseph 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
SI engines are highly susceptible to excess emissions when started at low ambient temperatures. This phenomenon has multiple air quality and climate forcing implications. Direct injection petrol engines feature a markedly different fuelling strategy, and so their emissions behaviour is somewhat different from indirect injection petrol engines. The excess emissions of direct injection engines at low ambient temperatures should also differ. Additionally, the direct injection fuel delivery process leads to the formation of PM, and DISI engines should show greater PM emissions at low ambient temperatures. This study reports on laboratory experiments quantifying excess emissions of gaseous and solid pollutants over a legislative driving cycle following cold start at a low ambient temperature for both engine types. Over the legislative cycle for testing at -7°C (the UDC), emissions of HC, CO, NOx and CO2 were higher when tested at -7°C than at 24°C. Massive increases in emissions of HC and CO were observed, together with more modest increases in NOx and CO2 emissions. Results from the entire driving cycle showed excess emissions in both phases (though they were much larger for the UDC). The DISI vehicle showed lower increases in fuel consumption than the port injected vehicles, but greater increases in emission of HC and CO. DISI particle number emissions increased by around 50%; DISI particle mass by over 600%. The observed emissions deteriorations varied somewhat by engine type and from vehicle to vehicle. Excesses were greatest following start-up, but persisted, even after several hundred seconds’ driving. The temperature of the intake air appeared to have a limited but signiﬁcant effect on emissions after the engine has been running for some time. All vehicles tested here comfortably met the relevant EU limits, providing further evidence that these limits are no longer challenging and need updating.
Recent key technical barriers in solid oxide fuel cell technology
Authors: Milewski Jarosław , Budzianowski Wojciech 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are considered as suitable components of future large-scale clean and efficient power generation systems. However, at its current stage of development some technical barriers exists which limit SOFC’s potential for rapid large-scale deployment. The present article aims at providing solutions to key technical barriers in SOFC technology. The focus is on the solutions addressing thermal resistance, fuel reforming, energy conversion efficiency, materials, design, and fuel utilisation issues.
Determination of transient fluid temperature using the inverse method
Authors: Jaremkiewicz Magdalena 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper proposes an inverse method to obtain accurate measurements of the transient temperature of fluid. A method for unit step and linear rise of temperature is presented. For this purpose, the thermometer housing is modelled as a full cylindrical element (with no inner hole), divided into four control volumes. Using the control volume method, the heat balance equations can be written for each of the nodes for each of the control volumes. Thus, for a known temperature in the middle of the cylindrical element, the distribution of temperature in three nodes and heat flux at the outer surface were obtained. For a known value of the heat transfer coefficient the temperature of the fluid can be calculated using the boundary condition. Additionally, results of experimental research are presented. The research was carried out during the start-up of an experimental installation, which comprises: a steam generator unit, an installation for boiler feed water treatment, a tray-type deaerator, a blow down flashvessel for heat recovery, a steam pressure reduction station, a boiler control system and a steam header made of martensitic high alloy P91 steel. Based on temperature measurements made in the steam header using the inverse method, accurate measurements of the transient temperature of the steam were obtained. The results of the calculations are compared with the real temperature of the steam, which can be determined for a known pressure and enthalpy.
Exergy analysis of the performance of low-temperature district heating system with geothermal heat pump
Authors: Sekret Robert , Nitkiewicz Anna 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Exergy analysis of low temperature geothermal heat plant with compressor and absorption heat pump was carried out. In these two concepts heat pumps are using geothermal water at 19.5 oC with spontaneous outflow 24 m3/h as a heat source. The research compares exergy efficiency and exergy destruction of considered systems and its components as well. For the purpose of analysis, the heating system was divided into five components: geothermal heat exchanger, heat pump, heat distribution, heat exchanger and electricity production and transportation. For considered systems the primary exergy consumption from renewable and non-renewable sources was estimated. The analysis was carried out for heat network temperature at 50/40 oC, and the quality regulation was assumed. The results of exergy analysis of the system with electrical and absorption heat pump show that exergy destruction during the whole heating season is lower for the system with electrical heat pump. The exergy efficiencies of total system are 12.8% and 11.2% for the system with electrical heat pump and absorption heat pump, respectively.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance coefficient in tube bundle of shell and tube heat exchanger in two-phase flow
Authors: Karaś Marcin , Zając Daniel , Ulbrich Roman 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of studies in two phase gasliquid flow around tube bundle in the model of shell tube heat exchanger. Experimental investigations of heat transfer coefficient on the tubes surface were performed with the aid of electrochemical technique. Chilton-Colburn analogy between heat and mass transfer was used. Twelve nickel cathodes were mounted on the outside surface of one of the tubes. Measurement of limiting currents in the cathodic reduction of ferricyanide ions on nickel electrodes in aqueous solution of equimolar quantities of K3Fe(CN)6 and K4Fe(CN)6 in the presence of NaOH basic solution were applied to determine the mass transfer coefficient. Controlled diffusion from ions at the electrode was observed and limiting current plateau was measured. Measurements were performed with data acquisition equipment controlled by software created for this experiment. Mass transfer coefficient was calculated on the basis of the limiting current measurements. Results of mass transfer experiments (mass transfer coefficient) were recalculated to heat transfer coefficient. During the experiments, simultaneously conducted was the the investigation of two-phase flow structures around tubes with the use of digital particle image velocimetry. Average velocity fields around tubes were created with the use of a number of flow images and compared with the results of heat transfer coefficient calculations.
Enterprise Education Research In The Context Of Moral Training In Chinese Colleges
Authors: Zhang Rufei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIt has become a necessary requirement of the time for colleges to carry out enterprise education to produce high-quality personnel with entrepreneur spirit and ability. It is discussed at the beginning of this article that the purpose and status quo of the enterprise education for college students in China and then the reasons for the poor condition in enterprise education are explored. It is found out that colleges do not provide an effective systematic platform for enterprise education; necessary personnel are not provided for such purpose in the teaching staff in Chinese colleges; in actual operation practical effect is not achieved in the moral training in colleges. Therefore, new concept in moral training must be introduced and first-rate teaching staff must be provided for the effective enterprise education. Special courses must also be systematically compiled for the purpose.
A Research On The Innovation And Entrepreneurship Mode And Implementation Ways For University Students – Taking Shijiazhuang University Of Economics (Sjzue) As An Example
Authors: Junyin Yan , Jingqing Kang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyse and define the main problems and key elements that affect the practical effect of university students' innovation and entrepreneurship education, and to plan the idea and mode for conducting university students' innovation and entrepreneurship education more scientifically through a comprehensive summary on the basic mode and implementation ways of Chinese university students' innovation and entrepreneurship education. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the mode, operation process, achievement and the existing problem of innovation and entrepreneurship education in SJZUE and other universities in China, this paper constructs a new mode and implementation way of innovation and entrepreneurship education for Chinese university students, which includes three coupling and interactive modules of logic content module, procedure guidance module and system support module. Some solutions and suggestions are put forward for enhancing the work of innovation and entrepreneurship guidance centre, completing the construction of Production, Education &Research practice base, promoting the teaching revolution, and enhancing the construction of internal and external environment.
Designing Educational Materials Through Product Lifecycle Management
Authors: Brindasu Paul Dan , Beju Livia Dana , Baitoiu Corina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe paper analyses the situation of teaching materials in technical schools in Romania via a marketing research that takes into account stakeholders, the microenvironment, as well as the macroenvironment. The research has shed light on a number of problems that require a new approach to the design of educational tools. The paper proposes that this design of educational tools be performed through the product lifecycle management (PLM) perspective. All phases of the design and lifecycle of such products are analysed, and concrete solutions for realising each of these phases are proposed. Finally, some examples of educational products are presented, which have the purpose of aiding the teaching of technical drawing, and which have been devised using this very methodology.
A Transdisciplinary Approach To Business Education Throughout Family Firms As Communities Of Practice
Authors: Fotea Ioan , Pop G. Ioan , Vaduva Sebastian , Fotea Silvia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe paper explores the relationship between family businesses (FB), communities of practice (CoP), and entrepreneurship education in the context of the knowledge production and sharing within and between these communities. The relationship between these three spheres of knowledge is presented from a transdisciplinary point of view. The contextual legitimacy identifies the communicational channels between the fields of family businesses and the communities of practice and entrepreneurial education in a transdisciplinary generative synergistic context. The notion of CoP suggests that organizational community boundaries do not correspond with typical functional boundaries, including practice - and person - based networks, while family businesses underlie the necessity of sustainable business education which can be achieved through collaborative interaction in a creative entrepreneurial framework. The paper proposes to find the common ground of the three fields of knowledge and the way these points develop new knowledge windows towards a new entrepreneurial understanding of life, and generating new alternatives.
Improving Systems Thinking Skills Of Second Year Engineering Students By An Introductory Project
Authors: Aharon Gero 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn 2011, the course Introductory Project in Electrical Engineering took place for the first time at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. The course was devised to expose sophomore students to the discipline of electrical engineering and improve their systems thinking skills. The core of the course was a design project of a window cleaning robot. This task was carried out by teams of five students, with personal instruction by a mentor, a senior engineer in the Department. The present research, which used quantitative tools alongside qualitative ones, indicates significant improvement in systems thinking skills of students who took the course.
Improving The Courses Content By Using Modelling And Simulation In Cutting Metals
Authors: Inţă Marinela , Muntean Achim , Petrianu Cristian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe paper intends to implement the use of theoretical models and computer aided simulation based on FEM for improving the teaching of cutting metals theory for the students of Machine Manufacturing Technologies and Machine Tools. The advantage of simulation, especially animated is to transpose the normal classroom into a virtual model where the skills can be evaluated under similar realistic conditions. It helps the students to be able to face the complexity of the real complex processes inside the production environment. A review of the most important models in cutting processes shows that the majority of the researches in this field tend to replace the traditional methods of calculating the cutting data parameters based on mathematical models with new complex models. The paper tries to relieve the importance of using the FEM models and simulation software for a better understanding of the process and also for providing more accurate and more detailed information. In the case studied in this paper a series of experimental models were performed for a validation of the theoretical models created by comparing the results. The advantages of using 2D and 3D animated models in the teaching and training process are also mentioned in the paper.
Identifying The Optimal Product Strategy By Applying Portfolio Segmentation Methods – Case Of Smes In Banking Sector
Authors: Nămolosu Simona - Mihaela , Cetină Iuliana 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are a high potential target for banks to attack, but also a risky segment; high potential because the need for financing is increasing, but risky because the crisis affected a lot the solvability and profitability of these companies. On the other hand, loan facilities are some of the most complex banking products (if we analyse diverse financing needs of small companies, but rather due to the analysis and approval processes in banks). In defining strategic alternatives for financing products for SMEs, the following steps are essential: evaluating potential market segments and/or sub segments, always focusing on the general and particular commercial objectives of the bank, analysing the strategies used by the major competitors and last, but not least: developing motivational systems for the employees of the branches - the main distribution channel for a banking product.