bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Organic‐Film Morphology on the Efficient Electron Transfer at Passivated Polymer‐Modified Electrodes to which Nanoparticles are Attached
Authors: Barfidokht Abbas , Ciampi Simone , Luais Erwann , Darwish Nadim , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe impact of polymer‐film morphology on the electron‐transfer process at electrode/organic insulator/nanomaterial architectures is studied. The experimental data are discussed in the context of the most recent theory modelling the nanoparticle‐mediated electron‐transfer process at electrode/insulator/nanomaterial architectures proposed by Chazalviel and Allongue [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 762–764]. A previous report [Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 1073–1080] by us qualitatively verified the theory and demonstrates a transition from thickness‐independent to thickness‐dependent electron transfer as the layer thickness exceeds a certain threshold. This follow‐up study explores a different polymer, poly(phenylenediamine), and focuses on the effect of the uniformity of organic film on electron transfer at these hybrid structures. Electron‐transfer kinetics of modified surfaces, which were assessed using the redox species Ru(NH3)63+ in aqueous solution, showed that a thickness‐dependent electron‐transfer regime is achieved with poly(phenylenediamine). This is attributed to the sufficiently thin films never being fabricated with this polymer. Rather, it is suggested that thin poly(phenylenediamine) layers have a globular structure with poor film homogeneity and pinhole defects.
Berechnung eines Gebäudes nach den Eurocodes – praktischer Ablauf der Integration von Mauerwerksbauteilen nach dem 01.07.2012
Authors: Jäger Wolfram 
Published: April 2013

AbstractZum 01.07.2012 erfolgte die allgemeine Umstellung der Berechnung und Bemessung von Gebäuden und baulichen Anlagen auf die Eurocodes. Ausnahmen dabei bilden Gebäude oder Bauteile aus Mauerwerk sowie der Erdbebennachweis.Um eine durchgängige Abarbeitung von Projekten nach den Eurocodes und dem damit verbundenen Teilsicherheitskonzept zu ermöglichen, ist eine Gleichwertigkeitserklärung der Bauaufsicht zum Eurocode 6 veröffentlicht worden, der im Weiteren Hinweise des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik (DIBt) folgten, wie mit noch nicht umgestellten Zulassungen umzugehen ist.Anhand eines Anwendungsfalles wird die praktische Handhabung der Gleichwertigkeitserklärung für den EC 6 demonstriert und erläutert. Das Beispielgebäude wurde einschließlich der Mauerwerkswände nach Eurocode berechnet. Für die Außenwände sollen im Zuge der Ausführung Steine eingesetzt werden, deren allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung noch nicht auf den Eurocode 6 umgestellt worden ist. Der Beitrag bringt zusammenfassend die notwendigen Informationen und gibt eine Hilfestellung, damit auch in der Übergangszeit bis zur endgültigen bauaufsichtlichen Einführung des EC 6 dieser sicher angewendet werden kann.Calculation of a building according to Eurocodes – practical process of the integration of masonry elements after 1 July 2012. The implementation of the Eurocodes for design of construction works took place in Germany 1st July 2012. However, there are the two exceptions buildings or building elements made of masonry and the design of structures for earthquake resistance.A declaration of equivalence published by the building authority was necessary to enable a continuous design of an entire project. Following this, further hints how to deal with technical approvals which have not yet been transformed to Eurocode 6 were given by the DIBt.Hereafter the practical handling of the declaration of equivalence for the Eurocode 6 is demonstrated and explained. The exemplary building including the masonry walls was completely designed according to Eurocodes. For the exterior walls it is planned to use units with a technical approval which has not yet been changed to Eurocode 6. The paper summarises the necessary information and gives guidance to use the Eurocode 6 until its introduction through the German national building authority in a safe way.
Funktionsweise der Ziegelwand‐Temperierung
Authors: Lehmden Alexander 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMehr als 90 % unserer Lebenszeit verbringen wir in geschlossenen Räumen. Es ist daher für unser Wohlbefinden wichtig, das Raumklima ideal auf die Bedürfnisse der Bewohner abzustimmen. Die Qualität des Raumklimas ist vor allem von der Raumlufttemperatur, der Oberflächentemperatur der umschließenden Bauteile und der Luftfeuchtigkeit abhängig. Um sich in Räumen wohl zu fühlen und leistungsfähig zu sein, müssen diese drei Parameter aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Seit jeher ist der Ziegel dafür bekannt, dass er durch sein hohes Wärmespeichervermögen das Innenraumklima reguliert. Temperaturspitzen im Sommer und Winter werden durch die Ziegelmasse ausgeglichen, im Winter sorgen diffusionsoffene Putze und der Ziegel für eine angenehme Luftfeuchtigkeit. Durch eine Innovation von Wienerberger, die Ziegelwand‐Temperierung, können nun diese positiven Eigenschaften gesteuert und verstärkt werden. Ähnlich einer Fußbodenheizung wird durch ein innenliegendes Rohrsystem die Ziegelwand thermisch aktiviert und so zum “Heizkörper“. Durch die Anhebung der Oberflächentemperatur kann die Raumlufttemperatur ohne Komfortverlust abgesenkt und dadurch die Heizkosten um bis zu 25 % reduziert werden. Außerdem erhöht sich durch die Absenkung der Raumtemperatur auch die relative Luftfeuchtigkeit. Vor allem im Winter gehören damit zu trockene Räume der Vergangenheit an. Zusammenfassend schafft die Ziegelwand‐Temperierung sowohl thermische als auch hygrische Behaglichkeit bei geringerem Energieeinsatz. Die technische und bauphysikalische Funktionsweise wird im nachfolgenden Beitrag beschrieben.Wall‐temperation – More comfort though activated brickwalls. More than 90 % of our lifetime we spend inside buildings. Therefore it is very important to create an ambient indoor climate in buildings. Quality of indoor climate mainly depends on air temperature, average surface temperature and humidity. These three parameters interact and should be optimized to assure comfort and productivity of people. Especially bricks are known to influence indoor climate positively. In summer and winter due to high thermal mass overheating and cooling is avoided. Due to plaster and clay blocks humidity is regulated.A new innovation of Wienerberger, the wall‐temperation, strengthen and controls these positive properties. Heated or cooled Pipes in the middle of clay blocks activate the thermal mass and increase or decrease surface temperature of walls. Thus room temperature could be decreased without loss of comfort in winter. As a result energy demand for heating can be cut by 25 %. Lower air temperatures also indicate higher humidity and more comfort. The risk of dry air in winter is reduced to a minimum. Summing up Wienerberger wall temperation creates a healthy indoor climate and helps to save energy and money.
Eco‐evolutionary responses of Bromus tectorum to climate change: implications for biological invasions
Authors: Zelikova Tamara J. , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Reed Sasha C. , Wertin Timothy , Fettig Christa , Belnap Jayne 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHow plant populations, communities, and ecosystems respond to climate change is a critical focus in ecology today. The responses of introduced species may be especially rapid. Current models that incorporate temperature and precipitation suggest that future Bromus tectorum invasion risk is low for the Colorado Plateau. With a field warming experiment at two sites in southeastern Utah, we tested this prediction over 4 years, measuring B. tectorum phenology, biomass, and reproduction. In a complimentary greenhouse study, we assessed whether changes in field B. tectorum biomass and reproductive output influence offspring performance. We found that following a wet winter and early spring, the timing of spring growth initiation, flowering, and summer senescence all advanced in warmed plots at both field sites and the shift in phenology was progressively larger with greater warming. Earlier green‐up and development was associated with increases in B. tectorum biomass and reproductive output, likely due early spring growth, when soil moisture was not limiting, and a lengthened growing season. Seeds collected from plants grown in warmed plots had higher biomass and germination rates and lower mortality than seeds from ambient plots. However, in the following two dry years, we observed no differences in phenology between warmed and ambient plots. In addition, warming had a generally negative effect on B. tectorum biomass and reproduction in dry years and this negative effect was significant in the plots that received the highest warming treatment. In contrast to models that predict negative responses of B. tectorum to warmer climate on the Colorado Plateau, the effects of warming were more nuanced, relied on background climate, and differed between the two field sites. Our results highlight the importance of considering the interacting effects of temperature, precipitation, and site‐specific characteristics such as soil texture, on plant demography and have direct implications for B. tectorum invasion dynamics on the Colorado Plateau.
Synthesis of Monoclinic Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 Nanoparticles by a Layered‐Template Route for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qiu Shen , Chen Zhongxue , Pei Feng , Wu Fayuan , Wu Yue , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNanocrystalline Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 was prepared by a layered‐template method and was tested as a high‐capacity and high‐power cathode for Li‐ion batteries. Structural characterization demonstrates that the Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 nanoparticles have a high crystallinity with a monoclinic (C/2m) structure. This material exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 277.4 mAh g–1 and a high coulombic efficiency of 87.3 %, with a very small capacity fade of 0.046 % per cycle over 100 cycles. Such excellent electrochemical performance is likely to result from its monoclinic structure that enables a stable solid solution structure and reversible structural changes during cycling. Therefore, monoclinic Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 may meet the high‐capacity and high‐rate requirements for an alternative cathode for a new generation of Li‐ion batteries.
Protective effect and mechanism of phosphatidylserine in UVB‐induced human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hoon , Yang Ji‐Hee , Park Yong‐Kon , Han Jeong‐Jun , Chung Guk‐Hoon , Hahm Dae‐Hyun , Choi Hee‐Don 
Published: April 2013

Phosphatidylserine (PS), a highly enriched membrane phospholipid component, is known to have several physiological roles, such as activating signaling enzymes and antioxidant activity. However, the protective biological mechanisms of PS in human skin have not been clearly investigated. In this study, we investigated the anti‐photoaging effects of PS and its possible mechanisms in UVB‐induced human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). After 24 h incubation, PS significantly increased type I procollagen synthesis with or without UVB exposure. The expressions of MMP‐1 and pro‐MMP‐1 were inhibited, and activities of total MMPs were decreased in a dose‐dependent manner by treatment of PS in UVB‐induced HDFs. The MAPKs/AP‐1 signaling pathway was downregulated by PS in a dose‐dependent manner. PS increases procollagen synthesis and inhibits MMP‐1 expression and activity by downregulating MAPKS/AP‐1 signaling pathways. This study suggests that PS can be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent UVB‐induced skin photoaging and perhaps even natural skin aging.Practical applications: In this study, we evaluated the protective effects and mechanism of PS on UV induced photoaging in human dermal fibroplasts. PS increases type I procollagen synthesis and decreases MMP‐1 activity by downregulating the MAPK/AP‐1 signaling pathway in UVB‐induced HDFs. These results suggest that PS can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of photoaging and possibly even natural aging in human skin. For medicinal and cosmetic application, further studies on in vivo clinical applications are necessary to fully elucidate the function and mechanism of PS on human skin photoaging.
Antioxidant effect of mono‐ and dihydroxyphenols in sunflower oil with different levels of naturally present tocopherols
Authors: Hrádková Iveta , Merkl Roman , Šmidrkal Jan , Kyselka Jan , Filip Vladimír 
Published: April 2013

Antioxidant properties of mono‐ and dihydroxyphenolic acids and their alkyl esters were examined, with emphasis on the relationship between their molecular structure and antioxidant activity. Test media with different tocopherol level were used for determining the oxidative stability: original refined sunflower oil (total tocopherols 149.0 mg/kg), partially tocopherol‐stripped sunflower oil (total tocopherols 8.7 mg/kg) and distilled fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as a tocopherol‐free medium. The chemical reaction of tocopherols with diazomethane tested for the purpose to eliminate their antioxidant activity failed due to the negligible degree of methylation of hydroxyl group in the tocopherol molecule. Caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid (3,4‐dihydroxyphenolic acids) and their alkyl esters were found to be more active antioxidants than monohydroxyphenolic acid (p‐hydroxybenzoic acid), 2,5‐dihydroxyphenolic acid (gentisic acid), 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenolic acids (vanillic and ferulic acids) and their corresponding alkyl esters. Naturally present tocopherols in refined sunflower oil proved to have a synergistic effect on gentisic acid but not on its alkyl esters. In contrast, tocopherols showed an antagonistic effect on alkyl esters of caffeic acid, because their protection factors decreased with increasing level of tocopherols in the test medium. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of these alkyl esters decreased with increasing length of their alkyl chain in conformity with the polar paradox hypothesis.Practical applications: Tocopherols as naturally present antioxidants influence considerably the antioxidant activity of other antioxidants added to plant oils used as a test medium. Distilled fatty acid methyl esters prepared from refined sunflower oil may serve as an optimal tocopherol‐free test medium. Some alkyl esters of phenolic acids were evaluated to be applicable as natural more lipophilic antioxidants in comparison with phenolic acids.
Innovative Leadership Development Fosters a Unified Global Culture at Adobe Systems Incorporated
Authors: Peratoner Carlo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExponential growth over a short period of time—from 3,500 to more than 10,000 employees since 2005—required Adobe Systems Incorporated to take a proactive approach to leadership development. The management of the global digital marketing and digital media company decided to create programming that would integrate its expanding workforce into a cultural whole while developing exceptional leaders who would be able to help the company achieve its specific business goals. To that end, Adobe's leadership development team formed a collaboration that included faculty of two universities located near the company's headquarters and TRI Corporation, which designs and delivers state‐of‐the‐art executive development solutions. The resulting experience‐focused programs—Adobe Leadership Experience and Adobe Business Leadership—encourage participants to address on‐the‐job challenges and build relationships with colleagues around the world while developing valuable skills to ensure both personal and organizational success. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Innovative Perspective on Disability at ATF GAIA and ESAT Les Palmiers
Authors: Angelini Christine , Lombardo Evelyne , Pignatel Isabelle 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAcademic studies of the management of innovation have seldom, if ever, considered the contribution made by companies that specialize in the employment of people with disabilities. The experiences of two French organizations—ATF GAIA (a subsidiary of ATF) in Brest, France, and an ESAT (Etablissement et Service d'Aide par le Travail, a service to provide help through work), in Hyeres Les Palmiers, France—demonstrate that it is possible for such organizations to capture opportunities connected with the sustainability agenda and develop some singular kinds of innovation. Both success stories can inspire similar accomplishments in any company, regardless of the industry or composition of its workforce. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protective effect of grape by‐product‐fortified breads against cholesterol/cholic acid diet‐induced hypercholesterolaemia in rats
Authors: Mildner‐Szkudlarz Sylwia , Bajerska Joanna 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundNew breads fortified with two different forms of grape by‐products, namely dried powdered skins (PGP) and freeze‐dried extract therefrom (EGP), were characterised and their protective effect against hypercholesterolaemia in rats was studied.ResultsThe phenolic compound profiles of supplemented breads were dominated by epicatechin and catechin together with appreciable amounts of dimeric procyanidins. Sensory evaluation of enhanced breads revealed that a maximum of 6% PGP or 1.4% EGP could be incorporated to prepare acceptable products. Intake of high‐cholesterol/cholic acid diet containing 6% PGP‐ or 1.4% EGP‐fortified bread increased fresh stool weight and significantly reduced protein and fat digestion but did not negatively affect animal growth. PGP‐ and EGP‐fortified breads diminished the negative impact of high‐cholesterol/cholic acid diet, lowering total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), lipid peroxidation, glucose and leptin levels, preventing visceral fat accumulation and increasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma ferric‐reducing antioxidant power levels. Since control bread feeding significantly lowered TC, LDL‐C and lipid peroxidation compared with high‐fat diet, it may suggested that not only grape by‐products but also another components in bread were related to lipid metabolism.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that intake of both PGP‐ and EGP‐fortified sourdough mixed rye breads might contribute to a reduction of cardiovascular risk. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Key points for maximum effectiveness and safety for cholesterol‐lowering properties of plant sterols and use in the treatment of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Monteferrario Francesca , Faliva Milena Anna , Perna Simone , Antoniello Neldo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAccording to the American Diabetes Association and the Adult Treatment Panel III, the starting point for treating metabolic syndrome (MS) is a change of lifestyle. In addition, action on the main symptoms of MS by means of dietary supplements, can be helpful in view of the chronic course of the disease. The term ‘phytosterols’ refers to sterols and stanols composed of lipophilic triterpenes, a family that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and whose cholesterol‐lowering properties have been amply demonstrated. In the light of the recent literature, the key points for maximum effectiveness and safety of sterols are the following. (A) Plant sterols should be taken with meals: clinical trials have shown that when plant sterols are consumed close to mealtimes, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol may decrease by 9.4%, while when they are taken between meals, the reduction is about 6%. (B) The optimal dosage is 2–2.5 g day−1 in a single dose. More than 3 g day−1 has not been found to have any additional beneficial effect and increases the risk of side effects. (C) The food matrix used to dissolve the phytosterols should contain a certain amount of fat. A milk‐based matrix appears optimal from this point of view. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Maximising umami taste in meat using natural ingredients: effects on chemistry, sensory perception and hedonic liking in young and old consumers
Authors: Dermiki Maria , Mounayar Rana , Suwankanit Chutipapha , Scott Jennifer , Kennedy Orla B , Mottram Donald S , Gosney Margot A , Blumenthal Heston , Methven Lisa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDUmami taste in foods is elicited predominantly by the presence of glutamic acid and 5′‐ribonucleotides, which act synergistically. This study aimed to use natural ingredients to maximise umami taste of a meat formulation and determine effects on liking of older consumers. Cooked meat products with added natural ingredients (yeast extract, mycoscent, shiitake extract, tomato puree, soy sauce and soybean paste) or monosodium glutamate (MSG) were prepared and compared with a control sample analytically (umami compounds), sensorially (sensory profile) and hedonically (liking by younger and older volunteers). Taste detection thresholds of sodium chloride and MSG of volunteers were collected.RESULTSFour of the seven cooked meat products developed had a significantly higher content of umami‐contributing compounds compared with the control. All products, except those containing MSG or tomato puree, were scored (by trained sensory panel) perceptually significantly higher in umami and/or salty taste compared with the control. Consumer tests showed a correlation of liking by the older cohort with perceived saltiness (ρ = 0.76).CONCLUSIONThe addition of natural umami‐containing ingredients during the cooking of meat can provide enhanced umami and salty taste characteristics. This can lead to increased liking by some consumers, particularly those with raised taste detection thresholds. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthetic adipic complex tetraesters as eco‐friendly lubricants
Authors: Mirci Liviu E. , Pătrut Alina 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe paper presents results concerning the synthesis and characterisation as lubricants with biodegradability potential of some complex tetraesters realised on the basis of adipic acid and different glycols such as (mono) ethylene, 1,3‐propylene, 1,4‐butylene, 1,5‐pentamethylene, 1,6‐hexamethylene, diethylene and triethylene glycol, respectively, along with oleic acid used, considered as an end, final segment or as a capping element. On the basis of a regular alternation or successive distribution principle of the polar and nonpolar chemical functions equally distributed, shared out on the length of a sufficient, satisfactorily long, large molecule, valuable synthetic complex tetraester lubricants considered as eco‐friendly base oils with biodegradability potential were performed. These products showed very good tribological properties, such as high viscosity indices and high flash points, and also very good lubricity features. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.