bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Focus on Triazolium as a Multipurpose Molecular Station for pH‐Sensitive Interlocked Crown‐Ether‐Based Molecular Machines
Authors: Coutrot Frédéric 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe control of motion of one element with respect to others in an interlocked architecture allows for different co‐conformational states of a molecule. This can result in variations of physical or chemical properties. The increase of knowledge in the field of molecular interactions led to the design, the synthesis, and the study of various systems of molecular machinery in a wide range of interlocked architectures. In this field, the discovery of new molecular stations for macrocycles is an attractive way to conceive original molecular machines. In the very recent past, the triazolium moiety proved to interact with crown ethers in interlocked molecules, so that it could be used as an ideal molecular station. It also served as a molecular barrier in order to lock interlaced structures or to compartmentalize interlocked molecular machines. This review describes the recently reported examples of pH‐sensitive triazolium‐containing molecular machines and their peculiar features.
Outcome is unchanged by adding vincristine upfront to the Malawi 28‐day protocol for endemic Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Depani Sarita , Banda Kondwani , Bailey Simon , Israels Trijn , Chagaluka George , Molyneux Elizabeth 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundWe previously reported a 28‐day treatment protocol for children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) which included four doses of cyclophosphamide (CPM), intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone (IT MTX/HC) at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Malawi which resulted in an Event‐Free Survival (EFS) of 50% at 1 year.MethodsIn an attempt to improve survival whilst maintaining acceptable toxicity, brevity, low‐cost and a standard treatment for all patients, four doses of vincristine (VCR) at 1.5 mg/m2 were added to the backbone of CPM 40 mg/kg on day 1 and 60 mg/kg on days 8,18 and 28 and IT MTX /HC 12.5 mg on days 1,8,18 and 28.ResultsSeventy cytology confirmed cases of BL, 42 males and 28 females with a median age of 80 years, were treated with this protocol between January 2010 and April 2012. Four percent had St Jude Stage I disease; 29% Stage II; 30% Stage III and 37% Stage IV. Disease site in order of frequency was face (64%); abdomen (47%); CSF (26%) and paraspinal (17%). There were two on‐treatment deaths. Sixty‐three percent required antibiotics and 19% required blood transfusion. Eighty‐one percent of patients achieved complete clinical remission at day 28. Overall predicted EFS at 1 year was 48%; 100% in Stage I, 83% in Stage II, 24% in Stage III and 32% in Stage IV disease. EFS was significantly worse in patients with Stage III/IV disease (P = 0.002) and paraplegia (P = 0.002).ConclusionThe addition of vincristine to the Malawi 28 day BL treatment protocol did not improve survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hollow fibre liquid phase micro‐extraction by facilitated anionic exchange for the determination of flavonoids in faba beans (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Chaieb Nadia , López‐Mesas Montserrat , González Johannes Luis , Mars Messaoud , Valiente Manuel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionFlavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found ubiquitously in foods of plant origin. They are commonly extracted from plant materials with ethanol, methanol, water, their combination or even with acidified extracting solutions. The disadvantages of these methods are the use of high quantity of organic solvent, the possible loss of analytes in the different steps and the laborious process of the techniques. In addition, the complexity of the phenolic mixtures present in plant materials requires a preliminary clean‐up and fractionation of the crude extracts.ObjectiveTo develop a hollow fibre liquid phase micro‐extraction (HF‐LPME) method for a one step clean‐up and pre‐concentration of flavonoids.MethodologyTwo flavonoids (catechin and rutin) has been extracted by HF‐LPME and analysed by HPLC. The related driving force for the liquid membrane has been studied by means of facilitated and non‐facilitated transport. Different ionic and non‐ionic water insoluble compounds [trioctylamine (TOA), tributyl phosphate (TBP), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and methyltrioctylammonium chloride (aliquat 336)] were used as carriers. The liquid membrane was constituted by a solution of n‐decanol in the presence or absence of carriers.ResultsMaximum enrichment factors were obtained with n‐decanol/aliquat 336 (20%) as organic liquid membrane, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.1 M) as donor solution, sodium chloride (NaCl) (2 M) as acceptor solution and 3 h as extraction time. Under these conditions, good results for validation parameters were obtained [for linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and repeatability].ConclusionsThe developed method is simple, effective and has been successfully applied to determine catechin and rutin in ethanolic extracts of faba beans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of tannins and related polyphenols in commercial products of tormentil (Potentilla tormentilla)
Authors: Fecka Izabela , Kucharska Alicja Zofia , Kowalczyk Adam 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionPotentilla tormentilla has many biological and pharmacological properties and can be used as an ingredient of some herbal medicines or beverages.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the content of individual polyphenols, especially condensed and hydrolysable tannins in commercially available tormentil rhizomes and tinctures using chromatographic methods.MethodsA quantitative analysis (HPLC‐PDA) was preceded by qualitative studies (UPLC‐qTOF‐MS/MS) and the isolation (CC) of the major tannin compounds.ResultsThe tested plant material is characterised by a high content of tannins and related polyphenols, i.e. in rhizomes even at the level above 20% and in tinctures above 2%. The main components of tormentil rhizomes are procyanidin B3 (mean ~ 3.6%), procyanidin C2 (mean ~ 2.8%), agrimoniin (mean ~ 2.5%), 3‐O‐galloylquinic acid (mean ~ 1.7%), catechin (mean ~ 1.6%), other flavan‐3‐ol oligomers (mean ~ 0.5–1.1) and laevigatins (mean ~ 0.2–0.6%). Free ellagic acid and glycosides of ellagic and methylellagic acids are secondary components.ConclusionsUnderground parts of tormentil are a source of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and ellagitannins, but in smaller quantity of gallotannins. Monogalloylquinic acids are new identified compounds, which had not been described in Potentilla tormentilla before we started our research. In the analysed tormentil tinctures agrimoniin concentration is lower in relation to other tannins. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster analysis of commercial samples of Bauhinia spp. using HPLC‐UV/PDA and MCR‐ALS/PCA without peak alignment procedure
Authors: Ardila Jorge Armando , Funari Cristiano Soleo , Andrade André Marques , Cavalheiro Alberto José , Carneiro Renato Lajarim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionBauhinia forficata Link. is recognised by the Brazilian Health Ministry as a treatment of hypoglycemia and diabetes. Analytical methods are useful to assess the plant identity due the similarities found in plants from Bauhinia spp. HPLC‐UV/PDA in combination with chemometric tools is an alternative widely used and suitable for authentication of plant material, however, the shifts of retention times for similar compounds in different samples is a problem.ObjectiveTo perform comparisons between the authentic medicinal plant (Bauhinia forficata Link.) and samples commercially available in drugstores claiming to be “Bauhinia spp. to treat diabetes” and to evaluate the performance of multivariate curve resolution – alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) associated to principal component analysis (PCA) when compared to pure PCA.MethodologyHPLC‐UV/PDA data obtained from extracts of leaves were evaluated employing a combination of MCR‐ALS and PCA, which allowed the use of the full chromatographic and spectrometric information without the need of peak alignment procedures.ResultsThe use of MCR‐ALS/PCA showed better results than the conventional PCA using only one wavelength. Only two of nine commercial samples presented characteristics similar to the authentic Bauhinia forficata spp., considering the full HPLC‐UV/PDA data.ConclusionThe combination of MCR‐ALS and PCA is very useful when applied to a group of samples where a general alignment procedure could not be applied due to the different chromatographic profiles. This work also demonstrates the need of more strict control from the health authorities regarding herbal products available on the market. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser Ignition of Various Pyrotechnic Mixtures – an Experimental Study
Authors: Sivan Jonathan , Haas Yehuda 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIgnition of several pyrotechnic mixtures by diode‐laser was studied experimentally using a novel combustion chamber. The ignition delay times dependence on laser intensity could be fit by the expression tign=aI−n for all compositions, with I being the laser intensity at target and n=1.4–2.1. This is roughly in accordance with thermal ignition theories assuming a semi‐inert solid. Differences in ignition delay times did not depend on fuel alone or oxidizer alone. The temperature of oxidizer decomposition does not correlate with ignition delay time. Furthermore, the steady state combustion temperature, deduced from emission spectra of the composition products are not correlated with ignition delay time. It is proposed that chemical reactions, taking place in the gas‐phase or in the solid‐phase, play a significant role, but are not solely responsible for ignition delay time. The seemingly uncorrelated ignition delay results between pyrotechnics containing either the same fuel or oxidizer hamper the construction of a “unified theory” for laser ignition of pyrotechnic mixtures.
Atomic redistribution of implanted Fe and associated defects around moving SiO2/Si interfaces
Authors: De Luca Anthony , Burle Nelly , Portavoce Alain , Grosjean Catherine , Morata Stéphane , Texier Michaël 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe behaviour of Fe atoms at the Si/SiO2 interface, as a modelisation of an involuntary Fe contamination before or during the oxidation process has been studied in Fe‐implanted wafers. As‐implanted and oxidized wafers were characterized by SIMS, APT, HR‐TEM and STEM‐HAADF. Successive steps of Fe segregation, iron‐silicide precipitation and dissolution were identified. As expected for such a temperature range, the iron‐silicide precipitates adopt the FeSi2 structure. Fe enriched phases were also identified in an advanced step of precipitation. Dynamic mechanisms are proposed, taking into account the competitive oxidizing of precipitates and silicon matrix, to understand the different steps and precipitation phases observed in the samples during the non‐equilibrium conditions due to the oxide layer growth. The correlation between the formation of characteristic pyramidal defects at the SiO2/Si interface and the presence of the Fe‐rich precipitates is explained. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced optical performance of APCVD zinc oxide via post growth plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Hodgkinson John L. , Yates Heather M. , Sheel David W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe use of atmospheric pressure (AP) CVD to produce highly developed Transparent Conducting oxides (TCO) for thin film photovoltaic systems has significant potential to reduce manufacturing costs and increase the product scope via in‐line processing compared to off‐line, low pressure techniques. A further advantage of APCVD is the ability control surface morphology via growth parameters, a key factor in controlling the distribution of scattered light at the TCO/absorber interface. The nano‐scale features may be further optimised via post growth etching, for example, to round sharp vertices or induce or exaggerate texture in a film material that is intrinsically smooth. This is normally achieved via low pressure plasma treatments or wet chemical processes, hence the presented novel AP plasma approach here offers reduced capital costs combined with ease of scalability and process integration. In this work we describe the multi‐scale manipulation of an APCVD grown ZnO via surface morphological modification, achieved by the application of an atmospheric pressure plasma etch system. The modified surfaces are evaluated for optical and morphological properties. Initial research has shown that under the correct plasma etch conditions, optical haze can be increased by as much as 20%, with the crucial additional ability to also tailor the film surface features. The use of audio frequency and sub‐microsecond pulsed plasmas for etching are compared in terms of activity and control. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of surface nature of different semiconductor substrates on the plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition growth of Al2O3 gate dielectric thin films
Authors: Schilirò Emanuela , Greco Giuseppe , Fiorenza Patrick , Tudisco Cristina , Condorelli Guglielmo Guido , Di Franco Salvatore , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Lo Nigro Raffaella 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this work, we present a systematic study on the effects of surface nature of two different substrates such as Si(100) and AlGaN/GaN (0001) before atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth of Al2O3 thin films. The Si and AlGaN/GaN surfaces were treated either with: H2O2:H2SO4 (1:3 piranha solution) for 10 minutes and H2O:HF (10:1) for 5 minutes. After surface pretreatment, Al2O3 was immediately deposited at 250 °C by Plasma Enhanced ALD from trimethylaluminum precursor. The film thicknesses were measured to be 28 nm using transmission electron microscopy and different structural evolution has been observed under electron beam analysis, rearraging from amorphous as‐deposited films to epitaxial films depending on the substrate type. Surface morphology obtained by atomic force microscopy in tapping mode shows scattered three‐dimensional nucleation of Al2O3 thin films on Si(001) substrate, while deposition on AlGaN/GaN(0001) resulted in smooth Al2O3 layers. Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation demonstrated a different interfacial interaction between the Al2O3 films and the two different substrates. However, analogous dielectric properties have been evaluated for both films deposited on the two Si(100) and AlGaN/GaN (0001) substrates. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal decomposition of tungsten hexacarbonyl: CVD of W‐containing films under Pd codeposition and VUV assistance
Authors: Krisyuk Vladislav V. , Koretskaya Tatyana P. , Turgambaeva Asiya E. , Trubin Sergey V. , Korolkov Ilya V. , Debieu Olivier , Duguet Thomas , Igumenov Igor K. , Vahlas Constantin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExperiments on chemical vapor deposition of W(CO)6‐derived films on silicon substrates were carried out at total pressure of 5‐10 Torr within the temperature range of 250‐350 °C; in Ar or H2 flow. Metallic, carbide and oxide phases composed the obtained films. Deposition in presence of hydrogen results in the increase of the metal content in the film. Sublimed palladium hexafluoracetylacetonate Pd(hfa)2 was used for Pd catalytic promotion of the deposition process. Codeposition with Pd(hfa)2 in hydrogen increases W‐metal fraction and oxygen content while the Pd content is up to 10 at.%. Influence of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation from Xe excimer lamp (λ ∼172 nm) on the quality of the obtained films was investigated. It was found that VUV irradiation can reduce the oxygen‐content in the film while W‐metal fraction slightly increases. In all films, oxygen was in the form of WO3 and carbon was mainly incorporated as a graphite metastable phase. The influence of other chemical additives is discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AACVD synthesis of catalytic gold nanoparticle‐modified cerium(IV) oxide thin films
Authors: Evans Meghan , Di Maggio Francesco , Blackman Chris , Sankar Gopinathan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCo‐deposition of Ce(dbm)4 and NH4AuCl4 precursors in acetone at 500 °C via AACVD results in deposition of crystalline CeO2 thin films containing/decorated with metallic gold. These particles are estimated to be ∼ 70 nm in size via optical methods. Preliminary testing of catalytic activity showed the materials were surprisingly catalytically active given the very small amounts of gold present and the large estimated particle size, although the presence of smaller catalytically active particles could not be discounted. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A cheater identifiable multi‐secret sharing scheme based on the Chinese remainder theorem
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Li Shundong , Zhu Youwen , Yan Jianhua , Xu Xinli 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere are many researches on the polynomial‐based verifiable (k,n) multi‐secret sharing scheme (VMSSS), but none of them focuses on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT)‐based VMSSS so far. For the first time, we provide a cheater identifiable multi‐secret sharing scheme based on CRT as an alternative method for VMSSS, which is unconditionally secure when the number of cheaters t≤(k − 1)/3. We adopt an encoding method, which makes multiple secrets to be transferred as a single one. In addition, we utilize a single keyed message authenticated code (MAC) to detect and identify cheaters in the reconstruction phase. Then, combine these two methods with a CRT‐based Asmuth‐Bloom's SSS to achieve our design goals. In our scheme, all participants share a single key of MAC rather than each participant possesses an independent key to check the validity of shares, and the size of share is independent in any of n,k, and t. Analyses show that our scheme is more efficient and secure than existing ones. Finally, as an example of the practical impact of our work, we present how our techniques can be applied to secure sum computation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emerging directions in predictive text mining
Authors: Indurkhya Nitin 
Published: June 2015

In recent years, Text Mining has seen a tremendous spurt of growth as data scientists focus their attention on analyzing unstructured data. The main drivers for this growth have been big data as well as complex applications where the information in the text is often combined with other kinds of information in building predictive models. These applications require highly efficient and scalable algorithms to meet the overall performance demands. In this context, six main directions are identified where research in text mining is heading: Deep Learning, Topic Models, Graphical Modeling, Summarization, Sentiment Analysis, Learning from Unlabeled Text. Each direction has its own motivations and goals. There is some overlap of concepts because of the common themes of text and prediction. The predictive models involved are typically ones that involve meta‐information or tags that could be added to the text. These tags can then be used in other text processing tasks such as information extraction. While the boundary between the fields of Text Mining and Natural Language Processing is becoming increasingly blurry, the importance of predictive models for various applications involving text means there is still substantial growth potential within the traditional sub‐fields of text mining. These data‐centric directions are also likely to influence future research in Natural Language Processing, especially in resource‐poor languages and in multilingual texts. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:155–164. doi: 10.1002/widm.1154This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Technologies > Prediction
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Rhf1 gene is involved in the fruiting body production of Cordyceps militaris fungus
Authors: Jiang Keqing , Han Richou 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is an important medicinal fungus. Commercialization of this fungus needs to improve the fruiting body production by molecular engineering. An improved Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) method was used to select an insertional mutant (g38) which exhibited fast stromatal differentiation and increased yield. The Rhf1 gene encoding filamentation protein was destroyed by a single T-DNA and no Rhf1 transcription was detected in mutant g38. To verify the function of the Rhf1 gene, RNA interference plasmid and overexpression vector of the Rhf1 gene were constructed and transferred to the wild-type JM4 by ATMT. Fast stromatal differentiation and larger fruiting bodies were found in the RNAi-Rhf1 mutants (JM-iRhf1). In the overexpression mutants (JM-OERhf1), neither stromata nor fruiting bodies appeared. The rescued strain (38-OERhf1) showed similar growth characteristics as JM4. These results indicated that the Rhf1 gene was involved in the stromatal differentiation and the shape formation of fruiting bodies.
Psychological Vulnerability of Residents of Communities Affected by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill
Authors: Choi Kyung-Hwa , Lim Myung-Ho , Ha Mina , Sohn Jung Nam , Kang Jong-Won , Choi Young-Hyun , Cheong Hae-Kwan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivePsychological health is an important issue after disasters. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological symptoms among 993 residents of Taean District in South Korea after the Hebei Spirit oil spill and to examine determinants of vulnerability in residents’ psychological symptoms.MethodsSymptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS), depression, suicidal ideation, and anxiety were assessed by questionnaires, and the responses were analyzed by using the survey analysis considering the sampling frame.ResultsAmong the study subjects, the symptom prevalences of PTS, depression, suicidal ideation, and anxiety were 19.5%, 22.0%, 2.3%, and 4.2%, respectively, and symptoms were higher in people who were female, were older, were less educated, and had lower family income. People with fishery or related occupations compared to those with unrelated livelihoods and people residing in the vicinity of the oil band in the contaminated coastline showed additively increased symptom risks of PTS. Risk of suicidal ideation was predominantly increased in people with fishery or related occupations compared with those with unrelated livelihoods.ConclusionsSocial supports, including compensation for income loss and community mental health programs, and longer follow-up studies are needed for residents in the communities affected by the Hebei Spirit oil spill. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:51-58)