bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between psychosocial problems including depression and behavioural trends among middle‐aged menopausal women in a cohort study
Authors: Oi N. , Ohi K. 
Published: July 2013

SynopsisObjectiveWe investigated the association of psychosocial problems, menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, and trends of smoking and use of cosmetics in our previous study. In this follow‐up study, we researched psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems in menopausal women.MethodsWe designed a cohort study with 577 Japanese women aged 30–64 years. Subjects were selected randomly from among women who visited the department of gender‐specific medicine at Tokyo Women's Medical University East Medical Center between June 2010 and September 2011. We analysed trends such as smoking, using cosmetics, and menopausal symptoms and their association with the first lifetime episode of severe depression and anxiety using structured clinical interviews for the DSM‐IV (structured clinical interview for DSM‐IV, outpatient version [SCID]), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsSignificant associations were observed between hot flushes, smoking and the frequency of using cosmetics. Furthermore, the trends in cosmetic use and smoking affected not only psychosocial problems, but also physical problems. Younger women suffered from psychosocial problems more than twice the rate of post‐menopausal women. Those who reported their first severe depression episode were also affected by severe anxiety disorders and physical problems.ConclusionBy self‐checking the frequency of using cosmetics is up to date knowledge of psychosocial mood problems and improving women's quality of life.
Current practices of bleeding time in a developing country: an alert for noncompliance with the standard procedures
Authors: Tantanate C. , Tientadakul P. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIntroductionBleeding time is still widely performed in many developing countries including Thailand. To generate an accurate result, the procedure should be complied with standard recommendations such as those from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH). The authors surveyed the current practices of bleeding time in Thailand in order to verify the practices that did not comply with the accepted standard.MethodsThe questionnaires were sent to hospitals participating Thailand National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for blood coagulation. Items in the questionnaire comprised information about preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical issues of bleeding time.ResultsFrom a dispatch of 201 questionnaires, 155 (77.1%) were returned. The common noncompliance with standards observed in this survey included inappropriateness of indication, e.g. use for preoperative screening (95 of 126, 75.4%), use of devices other than standard template (130 of 132, 98.5%), and inappropriate reference range (125 of 127, 98.4%).ConclusionsThe noncompliance shown in this survey can affect the accuracy of bleeding time results. The authors would like to address these problems as an alert for other laboratories especially in the developing countries where the standard templates are not widely available.
Effect of passive immunization on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccination against a Mexican low‐pathogenic avian H5N2 influenza virus
Authors: Forrest Heather L. , Garcia Alejandro , Danner Angela , Seiler Jon P. , Friedman Kimberly , Webster Robert G. , Jones Jeremy C. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundDespite the use of vaccines, low‐pathogenic (LP) H5N2 influenza viruses have continued to circulate and evolve in chickens in Mexico since 1993, giving rise to multiple genetic variants. Antigenic drift is partially responsible for the failure to control H5N2 influenza by vaccination; the contribution of maternal antibodies to this problem has received less attention.MethodsWe investigated the effect of different antisera on the efficacy of vaccination and whether booster doses of vaccine can impact immune suppression.ResultsWhile single doses of inactivated oil emulsion vaccine to currently circulating H5N2 influenza viruses provide partial protection from homologous challenge, chickens that receive high‐titer homologous antisera intraperitoneally before vaccination showed effects ranging from added protection to immunosuppression. Post‐infection antisera were less immunosuppressive than antisera obtained from field‐vaccinated chickens. Homologous, post‐infection chicken antisera provided initial protection from virus challenge, but reduced the induction of detectable antibody responses. Homologous antisera from field‐vaccinated chickens were markedly immunosuppressive, annulling the efficacy of the vaccine and leaving the chickens as susceptible to infection as non‐vaccinated birds. Booster doses of vaccine reduced the immunosuppressive effects of the administered sera.ConclusionVaccine efficacy against LP H5N2 in Mexico can be severely reduced by maternal antibodies. Source‐dependent antisera effects offer the possibility of further elucidation of the immunosuppressive components involved.
Comparison of Complication Rates and Clinical Outcome Between Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and a Modified Cranial Closing Wedge Osteotomy for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs
Authors: Oxley Bill , Gemmill Toby J. , Renwick Alasdair R. , Clements Dylan N. , McKee W. Malcolm 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo report complication rates and clinical outcomes after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and a modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (mCCWO) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.Study DesignProspective cohort study.AnimalsDogs weighing 20–60 kg with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease treated by either TPLO (n = 97) or mCCWO (n = 74).MethodsClinical and radiographic assessments including lameness score, morphometric measurements and tibial plateau angle (TPA) were made before surgery and 8 weeks after either TPLO or mCCWO. Long‐term outcome assessment by owner questionnaire or interview was undertaken at ≥6 months postoperatively.ResultsSignificant differences in lameness scores between groups were not identified at short‐ or long‐term follow‐up. Major complication and reoperation rates did not differ significantly between groups (TPLO 7.2% and 6.1%; mCCWO 9.5% and 5.4%). Median postoperative TPA did not differ significantly between groups (TPLO group 5.5°; mCCWO group 6.5°). At >6 months owner assessed lameness, disability, quality of life and satisfaction were not different between groups and were good in 90–97% of dogs.ConclusionsIn dogs weighing 20–60 kg, TPLO and mCCWO are associated with similar complication rates and clinical outcomes when performed by surgeons experienced with the surgical techniques.
Waist‐to‐height ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence: findings from a prospective birth cohort
Authors: Graves L. , Garnett S. P. , Cowell C. T. , Baur L. A. , Ness A. , Sattar N. , Lawlor D. A. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
In adults, associations between body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and cardiometabolic outcomes are similar.
In children and adolescents, results from cross‐sectional studies examining the associations between BMI z scores, WHtR and cardiometabolic outcomes are conflicting and there is a paucity of prospective data.
What this study adds
This is the first study to demonstrate the prospective association between WHtR in childhood and cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescent boys.
WHtR is a simple calculation that can be used to identify children and adolescents for cardiometabolic risk without the need for reference growth charts.
The WHtR cut‐point of ≥0.5 was highly specific in identifying cardiometabolic risk co‐occurrence but has poor sensitivity.
ObjectiveTo examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) measured in childhood and adolescence and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence.MethodsSecondary data analysis of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a population based cohort. Data from 2858 adolescents aged 15.5 (standard deviation 0.4) years and 2710 of these participants as children aged 7–9 years were used in this analysis. Outcome measures were cardiometabolic risk factors, including triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, glucose and blood pressure at 15 years of age.ResultsBoth BMI and WHtR measured at ages 7–9 years and at age 15 years were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. A WHtR ≥0.5 at 7–9 years increased the odds by 4.6 [95% confidence interval 2.6 to 8.1] for males and 1.6 [0.7 to 3.9] for females of having three or more cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence. Cross‐sectional analysis indicated that adolescents who had a WHtR ≥0.5, the odds ratio of having three or more cardiometabolic risk factors was 6.8 [4.4 to 10.6] for males and 3.8 [2.3 to 6.3] for females. The WHtR cut‐point was highly specific in identifying cardiometabolic risk co‐occurrence in male children and adolescents as well as female children (90 to 95%), but had poor sensitivity (17 to 53%). Similar associations were observed when BMI was used to define excess adiposity.ConclusionsWHtR is a simple alternative to age and sex adjusted BMI for assessing cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.
Dispersion and Setting of Powder Suspensions in Concentrated Aqueous Urea Solutions for the Preparation of Porous Alumina Ceramics with Aligned Pores
Authors: Vijayan Sujith , Narasimman Rajaram , Prabhakaran Kuttan 
Published: July 2013

Highly concentrated alumina powder suspensions have been prepared in aqueous urea solutions of concentrations in the range 200–360 g/100 mL using an ammonium poly(acrylate) dispersant at 80°C. The dispersant concentration for the suspension viscosity minimum in the urea solutions is higher than that in water due to the higher processing temperature. The urea solutions having higher dielectric constant than that of water offer higher interparticle potential that resulted in better dispersion of the powder as evidenced from the lower viscosity and yield stress of the suspensions. The decrease in temperature increased the suspension viscosity and the suspension formed a strong gel when cooled to room temperature due to the crystallization of urea. The minimum urea solution concentration for a 55 vol% alumina suspension to form a dimensionally stable gel is 240 g/100 mL. The compressive strength and Young's modulus of the gels increased with the increase in urea solution concentration. The alumina ceramics prepared by the urea removal followed by sintering at 1500°C had porosity in the range 28–36 vol% with the rectangular rod‐shaped aligned pores.
A Retrospective Analysis of 800 Brånemark System Implants Following the All‐on‐Four™ Protocol
Authors: Balshi Thomas J. , Wolfinger Glenn J. , Slauch Robert W. , Balshi Stephen F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate implant survival rates in patients treated with the All‐on‐Four™ protocol according to edentulous jaws, gender, and implant orientation (tilted vs. axial).Materials and MethodsAll Brånemark System implants placed in patients following the All‐on‐Four™ protocol in a single private practice were separated into multiple classifications (maxilla vs. mandible; male vs. female; tilted vs. axial) by retrospective patient chart review. Inclusion criteria consisted of any Brånemark System implant placed with the All‐on‐Four™ protocol from the clinical inception (May 2005) until December 2011. Life tables were constructed to determine cumulative implant survival rates (CSR). The arches, genders, and implant orientations were statistically compared with ANOVA.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐two patients, comprising 200 arches (800 implants) from May 2005 until December 2011, were included in the study. Overall implant CSR was 97.3% (778 of 800). Two hundred eighty‐nine of 300 maxillary implants and 489 of 500 mandibular implants survived, for CSRs of 96.3% and 97.8%, respectively. In male patients, 251 of 256 implants (98.1%) remain in function while 527 of 544 implants (96.9%) in female patients survived. Regarding implant orientation, 389 of 400 tilted implants and 389 of 400 axial implants osseointegrated, for identical CSRs of 97.3%. All comparisons were found to be statistically insignificant. The prosthesis survival rate was 99.0%.ConclusionsThe results from this study suggest that edentulous jaws, gender, and implant orientation are not significant parameters when formulating an All‐on‐Four™ treatment plan. The high CSRs for each variable analyzed demonstrate the All‐on‐Four™ treatment as a viable alternative to more extensive protocols for rehabilitating the edentulous maxilla or mandible.
Content and Goals of Preclinical Prosthodontic Programs at German‐Language Dental Schools
Authors: Hey Jeremias , Stimmelmayr Michael , Hirsch Christian , Beuer Florian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeThe Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) makes recommendations regarding the skills graduates of European dental schools need to achieve and advises dental schools regarding necessary changes to be made to the curriculum. In 2010 to 2011, a survey was conducted in German‐language dental schools to validate the curricula and goals of preclinical prosthodontic programs with regard to laboratory work.Materials and MethodsThe survey was mailed to the course instructors of the preclinical programs at 37 dental schools. Of these, 35 schools returned the completed survey, resulting in a response rate of 95%.ResultsBent wire, wax‐up exercises, metal‐ceramic single crowns, fixed dental prostheses, cast metal single crowns, temporary removable dental prostheses, and full dentures were part of the dental laboratory work at most schools; however, most instructors considered laboratory work as less important, and there were few similarities among the programs in this area. According to the instructors responsible for preclinical education, honing of fine motor skills, realistic self‐assessment, and the ability to work independently were the main goals of the programs.ConclusionThe results of this survey show that with regard to laboratory work, there were more differences than similarities among preclinical prosthodontic programs at German‐language dental schools, contrary to the recommendations of the ADEE. These findings should be taken into account when program reforms are planned.
Drug‐induced hepatotoxicity: incidence of abnormal liver function tests consistent with volatile anaesthetic hepatitis in trauma patients
Authors: Lin Jonathan , Moore David , Hockey Brad , Di Lernia Rachel , Gorelik Alexandra , Liew Danny , Nicoll Amanda 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsVolatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury can range from asymptomatic alanine transaminase elevations to fatal hepatic necrosis. There is very limited research regarding hepatotoxicity of modern volatile anaesthetic agents. The aim of this study was to determine how common liver injury consistent with volatile anaesthetic hepatitis is, following exposure to isoflurane, desflurane and sevoflurane; and to propose risk factors for its development.MethodsFollowing ethics approval, we conducted a retrospective audit of adult trauma patients with abnormal liver biochemistry following volatile anaesthesia during January 1 to December 31, 2009. The data collected included patient demographics, volatile anaesthetic administration, concurrent medication, perioperative liver biochemistry results and comorbidities. The Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences/Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method scoring system was used to group cases according to the likelihood of volatile anaesthetic being the causative agent of drug‐induced hepatotoxicity.ResultsForty‐seven (3%) of 1556 patients had abnormal post‐operative liver biochemistry potentially attributable to volatile anaesthetic. Of the 47, 12 patients (26%) had peak alanine transaminase levels greater than 200 U/L. No significant predictors of volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury following isoflurane, desflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia could be identified.ConclusionVolatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury in adult trauma patients may be significantly more common than previously noted. This study suggests that about a quarter of patients with volatile anaesthetic drug‐induced liver injury develop significant liver injury. Further prospective studies are required to define risk factors and clinical outcomes.
MHC‐disassortative mate choice and inbreeding avoidance in a solitary primate
Authors: Huchard Elise , Baniel Alice , Schliehe‐Diecks Susanne , Kappeler Peter M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSexual selection theory suggests that choice for partners carrying dissimilar genes at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) may play a role in maintaining genetic variation in animal populations by limiting inbreeding or improving the immunity of future offspring. However, it is often difficult to establish whether the observed MHC dissimilarity among mates drives mate choice or represents a by‐product of inbreeding avoidance based on MHC‐independent cues. Here, we used 454‐sequencing and a 10‐year study of wild grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), small, solitary primates from western Madagascar, to compare the relative importance on the mate choice of two MHC class II genes, DRB and DQB, that are equally variable but display contrasting patterns of selection at the molecular level, with DRB under stronger diversifying selection. We further assessed the effect of the genetic relatedness and of the spatial distance among candidate mates on the detection of MHC‐dependent mate choice. Our results reveal inbreeding avoidance, along with disassortative mate choice at DRB, but not at DQB. DRB‐disassortative mate choice remains detectable after excluding all related dyads (characterized by a relatedness coefficient r > 0), but varies slightly with the spatial distance among candidate mates. These findings suggest that the observed deviations from random mate choice at MHC are driven by functionally important MHC genes (like DRB) rather than passively resulting from inbreeding avoidance and further emphasize the need for taking into account the spatial and genetic structure of the population in correlative tests of MHC‐dependent mate choice.
Phylogeography and postglacial recolonization of Europe by Rhinolophus hipposideros: evidence from multiple genetic markers
Authors: Dool Serena E. , Puechmaille Sébastien J. , Dietz Christian , Juste Javier , Ibáñez Carlos , Hulva Pavel , Roué Stéphane G. , Petit Eric J. , Jones Gareth , Russo Danilo , Toffoli Roberto , Viglino Andrea , Martinoli Adriano , Rossiter Stephen J. , Teeling Emma C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe demographic history of Rhinolophus hipposideros (lesser horseshoe bat) was reconstructed across its European, North African and Middle‐Eastern distribution prior to, during and following the most recent glaciations by generating and analysing a multimarker data set. This data set consisted of an X‐linked nuclear intron (Bgn; 543 bp), mitochondrial DNA (cytb‐tRNA‐control region; 1630 bp) and eight variable microsatellite loci for up to 373 individuals from 86 localities. Using this data set of diverse markers, it was possible to determine the species’ demography at three temporal stages. Nuclear intron data revealed early colonization into Europe from the east, which pre‐dates the Quaternary glaciations. The mtDNA data supported multiple glacial refugia across the Mediterranean, the largest of which were found in the Ibero‐Maghreb region and an eastern location (Anatolia/Middle East)–that were used by R. hipposideros during the most recent glacial cycles. Finally, microsatellites provided the most recent information on these species’ movements since the Last Glacial Maximum and suggested that lineages that had diverged into glacial refugia, such as in the Ibero‐Maghreb region, have remained isolated. These findings should be used to inform future conservation management strategies for R. hipposideros and show the power of using a multimarker data set for phylogeographic studies.
The Central Paradox of the New Digital Age
Authors: SCHMIDT ERIC , COHEN JARED 
Published: July 2013

The recent scandal of the National Security Agency (NSA) “Hoovering” up the metadata on US and foreign citizens from Google, Facebook and Yahoo exposes in the full light of day the central paradox of the new digital age: The Internet enables us to know and learn more than ever before, but enables more to be known and learned about us by both snooping governments and monetizing information corporations alike.In this section, Google's Eric Schmidt and Jared Cohen discuss this paradox. We also reprint an interview from 2009 with Mike McConnell, a former chief of the National Security Agency and the driving force behind Booz, Allen, Hamilton's digital security operation. Edward Snowden, the systems administrator who blew the whistle, was employed by the NSA as a subcontractor from Booz, Allen, Hamilton.
Educational attainment and obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Cohen A. K. , Rai M. , Rehkopf D. H. , Abrams B. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAlthough previous systematic reviews considered the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity, almost 200 peer‐reviewed articles have been published since the last review on that topic, and this paper focuses specifically on education, which has different implications. The authors systematically review the peer‐reviewed literature from around the world considering the association between educational attainment and obesity. Databases from public health and medicine, education, psychology, economics, and other social sciences were searched, and articles published in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish were included. This paper includes 289 articles that report on 410 populations in 91 countries. The relationship between educational attainment and obesity was modified by both gender and the country's economic development level: an inverse association was more common in studies of higher‐income countries and a positive association was more common in lower‐income countries, with stronger social patterning among women. Relatively few studies reported on lower‐income countries, controlled for a comprehensive set of potential confounding variables and/or attempted to assess causality through the use of quasi‐experimental designs. Future research should address these gaps to understand if the relationship between educational attainment and obesity may be causal, thus supporting education policy as a tool for obesity prevention.