bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lighting the 21st century
Authors: Riechert Henning 
Published: April 2015

Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura received the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention of the blue light‐emitting diode. This discovery has enabled bright and energy‐saving white light sources for efficient solid‐state lighting. The long road to this scientific development and its more recent fast‐paced industrial and commercial application is illustrated.One thousand three hundred fifty modules with a total of 16,000 light‐emitting diodes in handrails illuminate the steps of the Kiev sports stadium bright and safely. This kind of compact and efficient lighting was made possible by the work awarded with the Nobel Prize in 2014.
Absorption mode Fourier transform mass spectrometry with no baseline correction using a novel asymmetric apodization function
Authors: Kilgour David P. A. , Van Orden Steven L. 
Published: April 2015

RationaleAbsorption mode Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectra offer significant benefits in terms of spectral resolution, signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio and measured mass accuracy. However, to date, methods for producing absorption mode spectra have created an undesirable baseline deviation as a consequence of FFT artifacts, resulting in interference of the frequency side‐lobes of intense peaks. Methods for fitting and removing this deviation have been developed, but these are computationally intensive, slow and can be unreliable in practice.MethodsWe have developed an approach for producing FTICR mass spectra which uses a new apodization approach to produce spectra which do not exhibit baseline deviation, whilst maintaining all the normal absorption mode benefits. This method involves the use of 'full' apodization function, replacing the more common Hann or half Hann functions, and where the user can control the position of the function maximum expressed as a fraction (F) of the transient length.ResultsAbsorption mode spectra produced using the new apodization function we propose provide all the normal benefits but do not exhibit baseline deviation that must be corrected prior to spectral interpretation. Additionally, varying the value of the F parameter allows users additional control over the compromise between the spectral resolving power and the S/N ratio. This is particularly beneficial in spectra with pronounced amplitude changes during the recording of the transient (detection).ConclusionsThe use of a 'full' apodization function, which may be asymmetric, prior to zero‐padding and Fourier transformation, allows the production of absorption mode spectra which do not suffer from baseline deviation. Hence, it is no longer necessary to apply a baseline deviation correction in post processing, providing a significant performance advantage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic force microscopy force‐distance curves with small amplitude ultrasonic modulation
Authors: Ma Chengfu , Chen Yuhang , Wang Tian , Chu Jiaru 
Published: April 2015

SummaryForce‐distance curves were acquired on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) specimen and a gold film specimen under ultrasonic modulation in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Measurements demonstrated that small amplitude ultrasonic oscillation of either the cantilever or the sample has significant impacts on the characteristics of force‐distance curves. With the increase of excitation amplitude, the apparent pull‐off force decreased gradually and the hysteresis between the approach and retraction curves reduced significantly. Furthermore, the decrease of the pull‐off force was determined to be also relevant to the excitation frequency. With the assistance of contact resonance spectra, the pull‐off force was verified to have a near‐linear relationship with the cantilever contact oscillation amplitude. Theoretical analysis and subsequent numerical simulations well interpreted the experimental results. The emergence of large oscillating contact forces under ultrasonic modulation altered the force‐distance curves, and such a mechanism was ascertained by further ultrasonic AFM imaging. SCANNING 37:284–293, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative and qualitative behavior analysis of a DFIG wind energy conversion system by a wind gust and converter faults
Authors: Giaourakis Dimitrios G. , Safacas Athanasios N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA wind gust can cause severe dynamic conditions that affect the operational behavior of the whole doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system and, as a result, the quality of power exchanged with the grid. In addition, it can cause great disturbances to critical system's variables with possible damages to the system's construction—to mechanical or electrical part. The knowledge of DFIG reaction in such conditions is useful for both protection issues and the risk assessment concerning system's tolerance, maintenance costs and revenue losses, because of the disconnection from the grid. In this paper, a quantitative and qualitative behavior analysis of a 2 MW DFIG wind energy conversion system under a wind gust and converter faults, which has been carried out via simulation, is presented. The pitch controller parameters impact to its behavior, when a gust appears, has been investigated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio Augments CA 19‐9 as a Predictor of Malignancy in Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis
Authors: Rammohan Ashwin , Cherukuri Sathya D. , Palaniappan Ravichandran , Perumal Senthil Kumar , Sathyanesan Jeswanth , Govindan Manoharan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionDifferentiating inflammatory from malignant head mass in the background of chronic calcific pancreatitis (CCP) is difficult, and there is no investigation which can reliably solve this dilemma. An accurate diagnosis is crucial as the treatment is different for the two cases and a failure to identify malignancy before surgery can be disastrous. We aimed to assess the accuracy of platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and to compare it with CA 19‐9 in determining the nature of pancreatic head mass (PHM).Materials and methodsEighty‐three patients, who presented with CCP and PHM between 2005 and 2011, were included in the study. Patients identified to have malignancy underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, while those deemed to have a benign lesion underwent Frey’s procedure. Clinical features of both the groups were compared. CA 19‐9 and PLR individually and in combination were compared in both groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the predictive values of CA 19‐9 and PLR individually and together.ResultsHistologically, 66.3 % had an inflammatory head mass and 33.7 % had a malignant head mass. Significant clinical features which predicted a malignancy included the presence of a head mass in CCP of tropics, older age, jaundice, sudden worsening abdominal pain, gastric outlet obstruction, and significant weight loss. Sensitivity and specificity of CA 19‐9 and PLR in diagnosing malignancy were similar (85.5 vs. 81.2 and 96.4 vs. 92.8 %, respectively), on combining CA 19‐9 and PLR, there was an improvement in sensitivity (94.5 %).ConclusionPLR is at least as good as CA 19‐9 as a diagnostic marker to differentiate between malignant and inflammatory head mass in CCP. When used together, PLR improves the predictive value of serum CA 19‐9.
Clinical and genetic characterisation of infantile liver failure syndrome type 1, due to recessive mutations in LARS
Authors: Casey Jillian P. , Slattery Suzanne , Cotter Melanie , Monavari A. A. , Knerr Ina , Hughes Joanne , Treacy Eileen P. , Devaney Deirdre , McDermott Michael , Laffan Eoghan , Wong Derek , Lynch Sally Ann , Bourke Billy , Crushell Ellen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecessive LARS mutations were recently reported to cause a novel syndrome, infantile liver failure syndrome type 1 (ILFS1), in six Irish Travellers. We have since identified four additional patients, including one of Ashkenazi origin, representing the largest ILFS1 cohort to date. Our study aims to define the ILFS1 clinical phenotype to help guide diagnosis and patient management.MethodsWe clinically evaluated and reviewed the medical records of ten ILFS1 patients. Clinical features, histopathology and natural histories were compared and patient management strategies reviewed.ResultsEarly failure to thrive, recurrent liver dysfunction, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and seizures were present in all patients. Most patients (90 %) had developmental delay. Encephalopathic episodes triggered by febrile illness have occurred in 80 % and were fatal in two children. Two patients are currently >28 years old and clinically well. Leucine supplementation had no appreciable impact on patient well‐being. However, we suggest that the traditional management of reducing/stopping protein intake in patients with metabolic hepatopathies may not be appropriate for ILFS1. We currently recommend ensuring sufficient natural protein intake when unwell.ConclusionsWe report the first non‐Irish ILFS1 patient, suggesting ILFS1 may be more extensive than anticipated. Low birth weight, early failure to thrive, anemia and hypoalbuminemia are amongst the first presenting features, with liver dysfunction before age 1. Episodic hepatic dysfunction is typically triggered by febrile illness, and becomes less severe with increasing age. While difficult to anticipate, two patients are currently >28 years old, suggesting that survival beyond childhood may be associated with a favourable long‐term prognosis.
Incidental Signal Changes in the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris on MRI
Authors: Kuntz Michael T. , Janssen Stein J. , Ring David 
Published: April 2015

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) commonly finds musculoskeletal abnormalities incidental to the reason for ordering the test. The purpose of this study was to determine if the prevalence of extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) signal changes on MRI varies between patients undergoing upper extremity MRI for assessment of clinically suspected ECU tendinopathy and those undergoing upper extremity MRI for other indications. Our secondary null hypotheses were that the prevalence of ECU signal changes on MRI does not vary based on patient age or sex and that the prevalence of ECU signal changes on MRI does not vary among other indications for MRI. Methods We searched MRI reports of all patients undergoing MRI of the hand, wrist, or arm at our institution between 2001 and 2014 for signal changes in the ECU. The medical record was reviewed to determine the indication for the MRI and the presence of clinically suspected ECU tendinopathy. Results ECU signal changes (overall prevalence of 13 %) were more common in patients undergoing MRI for a working clinical diagnosis of ECU tendinopathy or ulnar-sided wrist pain compared to patients evaluated for nonspecific pain and other indications. Age was independently associated with ECU signal changes on MRI. MRI signal changes are uncommonly associated with symptomatic tendinopathy (low positive predictive value). Conclusions ECU signal changes on MRI are common and often asymptomatic.
Effect of Electrolytes and Correlations for Salinities at the Optimum Formulation of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Microemulsions
Authors: Liu Huie , Yuan Ying , Ding Chuanqin , Chen Shuang , Qi Xuanliang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe influences of different kinds of electrolytes on sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate microemulsions were investigated in this work. Electrolyte cations had a strong influence on the microemulsion phase behavior. The higher the valence of the cation was, the stronger the influence of the electrolyte on the microemulsion phase inversion and the higher the optimum solubilization parameters, ordered as AlCl3 > MgCl2 > NH4Cl > KCl > NaCl. The anion in electrolytes showed a relatively weak influence. The influences of anions with equal valence are almost the same for sodium salts, and a lower valence had a stronger impact on microemulsion phase inversion, ordered as Cl− > CO32− = SO42− > PO43−. The change of anions in sodium salts had little influence on the optimum solubilization parameters
, all in the range of 5.301 ± 0.105 goil/gsurfactant. The efficiency ratio of electrolytes was defined based on the cationic charge concentration in mol/l. The efficiency ratios for electrolytes with monovalent cations were inversely proportional to (1 + Zi), where Zi is the anion valence, but this was not true for electrolytes with higher valence cations. For a microemulsion using electrolyte mixtures, the efficiency ratio shows a linear relationship with that of the component salts and the composition of the mixture.
Triacylglycerol Estolides, a New Class of Mammalian Lipids, in the Paracloacal Gland of the Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Authors: McLean Stuart , Davies Noel W. , Nichols David S. , McLeod Bernie J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe paracloacal glands are the most prevalent scent glands in marsupials, and previous investigation of their secretions in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has identified many odorous compounds together with large amounts of neutral lipids. We have examined the lipids by LC–MS, generating ammonium adducts of acylglycerols by electrospray ionisation. Chromatograms showed a complex mixture of coeluting acylglycerols, with m/z from about 404 to 1048. Plots of single [M + NH4]+ ions showed three groups of lipids clearly separated by retention time. MS–MS enabled triacylglycerols and diacylglycerol ethers to be identified from neutral losses and formation of diacylglycerols and other product ions. The earliest‐eluting lipids were found to be triacylglycerol estolides, in which a fourth fatty acid forms an ester link with a hydroxy fatty acid attached to the glycerol chain. This is the first report of triacylglycerol estolides in animals. They form a complex mixture with the triacylglycerols and diacylglycerol ethers of lipids with short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids with varying degrees of unsaturation. This complexity suggests a functional role, possibly in social communication.
Strengthening or Weakening? The Impact of Universal Health Insurance on Intergenerational Coresidence in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Hsin-Ling , Chou Shin-Yi , Liu Echu , Lien Hsien-Ming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this article, we exploit a unique natural experiment—the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan in 1995—to examine how the introduction of universal health insurance increases or decreases the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence. Five waves of surveys from the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan between 1989 and 2003 are employed, and models with various specifications are estimated. Our results indicate a mixed relationship between the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence and the enactment of NHI. Although NHI on average reduces the probability that elderly parents live with their adult children by approximately 6.6 %, the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence increases among families benefiting most from NHI, such as those with unhealthy elderly mothers and fewer children.
Self-similar solutions with fat tails for Smoluchowski's coagulation equation with singular kernels
Authors: Velázquez J.J.L. , Niethammer B. , Throm S. 
Published: April 2015

We show the existence of self-similar solutions with fat tails for Smoluchowski's coagulation equation for homogeneous kernels satisfying

C_{1}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right) \leq K\left(x,y\right) \leq C_{2}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right)

with

a > 0

and

b < 1

. This covers especially the case of Smoluchowski's classical kernel

K(x,y) = (x^{1/ 3} + y^{1/ 3})(x^{−1/ 3} + y^{−1/ 3})

.

For the proof of existence we take a self-similar solution

h_{\varepsilon }

for a regularized kernel

K_{\varepsilon }

and pass to the limit

\varepsilon \rightarrow 0

to obtain a solution for the original kernel

K

. The main difficulty is to establish a uniform lower bound on

h_{\varepsilon }

. The basic idea for this is to consider the time-dependent problem and to choose a special test function that solves the dual problem.

Résumé

Nous démontrons l'existence des solutions auto-similaires avec queues lourdes pour l'équation de coagulation de Smoluchowski avec un noyau

K

satisfaisant

C_{1}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right) \leq K\left(x,y\right) \leq C_{2}\left(x^{−a}y^{b} + x^{b}y^{−a}\right)

avec

a > 0

et

b < 1

. Cela contient en particulier le noyau classique de Smoluchowski

K(x,y) = (x^{1/ 3} + y^{1/ 3})(x^{−1/ 3} + y^{−1/ 3})

.

Pour la démonstration de l'existence nous prenons une solution auto-similaire

h_{\varepsilon }

pour un noyau régularisé

K_{\varepsilon }

et nous obtenons une solution pour le noyau original

K

en passant à la limite

\varepsilon \rightarrow 0

. La difficulté principale consiste à établir une borne inférieure pour

h_{\varepsilon }

. La clé ici est de considérer le problème dépendant du temps et choisir une solution du problème dual comme fonction test dans la formulation faible de l'équation auto-similaire.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of bamboo salt and sodium fluoride in human gingival fibroblasts–An in vitro study
Authors: Lee Hye‐Jin , Choi Choong‐Ho 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDental caries preventive agents, such as sodium fluoride (NaF) and bamboo salt (BS), are known to cause cellular growth that is characterized by morphological and gene expression changes. This study was designed to investigate the dual effect of NaF and BS on interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced gingival inflammation. Under in vitro experimental conditions, exposure to a subcytotoxic dose of IL‐1β enhanced human gingival fibroblast inflammation, as characterized by increased levels of inflammation‐associated proteins. A combination of NaF and BS significantly protected fibroblasts from IL‐1β‐induced cellular deterioration. Exposure to NaF and BS induced the cell growth and no changes in viability were found with the Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay (LDH) assay at the NaF and BS concentration analyzed. Molecular analysis demonstrated that NaF and BS increased resistance to inflammation by reduction of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production. In addition, NaF and BS decreased the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNF‐α mRNA in IL‐1β‐induced human gingival fibroblast cells. The study identifies a new role for NaF and BS in the IL‐1β‐induced inflammation of gingival fibroblasts and provides a potential target for gingival protection.
CREDIBILITY CLAIMS RESERVING WITH STOCHASTIC DIAGONAL EFFECTS
Authors: Bühlmann Hans , Moriconi Franco 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn interesting class of stochastic claims reserving methods is given by the models with conditionally independent loss increments (CILI), where the incremental losses are conditionally independent given a risk parameter Θi,j depending on both the accident year i and the development year j. The Bühlmann–Straub credibility reserving (BSCR) model is a particular case of a CILI model where the risk parameter is only depending on i. We consider CILI models with additive diagonal risk (ADR), where the risk parameter is given by the sum of two components, one depending on the accident year i and the other depending on the calendar year t = i + j. The model can be viewed as an extension of the BSCR model including random diagonal effects, which are often declared to be important in loss reserving but rarely are specifically modeled. We show that the ADR model is tractable in closed form, providing credibility formulae for the reserve and the mean square error of prediction (MSEP). We also derive unbiased estimators for the variance parameters which extend the classical Bühlmann–Straub estimators. The results are illustrated by a numerical example and the estimators are tested by simulation. We find that the inclusion of random diagonal effects can be significant for the reserve estimates and, especially, for the evaluation of the MSEP. The paper is written with the purpose of illustrating the role of stochastic diagonal effects. To isolate these effects, we assume that the development pattern is given. In particular, our MSEP values do not include the uncertainty due to the estimation of the development pattern.
Use of computed tomography and mechanical CPR in cardiac arrest to confirm pulmonary embolism: a case study
Authors: Schubert Elaine Catrin , Kanz Karl-Georg , Linsenmaier Ulrich , Bogner Viktoria , Wirth Stefan , Angstwurm Matthias 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrecise therapeutic decision-making is vital in managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We present an interesting approach where suspected pulmonary embolism could be confirmed by early computed tomography in cardiac arrest. Chest compressions were performed automatically by mechanical devices also during the acquisition of computed tomography data and subsequent thrombolysis.
University Hospital Struck Deaf and Silent by Lightning: Lessons to Learn
Authors: Dami Fabrice , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Yersin Bertrand , Hugli Olivier 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe describe how an electromagnetic wave after a lightning strike affected a university hospital, including the communication shutdown that followed, the way it was handled, and the lessons learned from this incident. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:440–443)
AVerbeekinaassemblage (Permian fusulinid) from the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan, China
Authors: Huang Hao , Jin Xiaochi , Shi Yukun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA newly discoveredVerbeekinaassemblage from the Xiaoxinzhai Section in the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan, China, provides additional data for better understanding fusulinid biostratigraphy and the thermal condition of middle Permian (Guadalupian) seawater of this block. This assemblage comprises 11 species of six genera, includingVerbeekina,Pseudodoliolina,Sumatrina,Yangchienia,Xiaoxinzhaiella, and ?Rugosochusenella. The age of this assemblage is considered to be Midian (approximately Capitanian), based on combined evidence of stratigraphic position and specific composition. Furthermore, this assemblage bears two unusual attributes: overwhelming dominance ofVerbeekinaand relatively low total diversity, compared with coeval fusulinids from South China, which represents a paleo-tropical setting during the middle Permian. These features indicate that the Baoshan Block was probably located in a subtropical setting with warm water during the Midian time; however, its water temperature was still not as optimal as the tropical area (e.g., South China) for the diversification of fusulinids.