bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Cognitive Correlates of Traumatic Brain Injury across Adulthood and Interactions with APOE Genotype, Sex, and Age Cohorts
Authors: Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Bielak Allison A.M. , Bunce David , Easteal Simon , Cherbuin Nicolas , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere is continuing debate about long-term effects of brain injury. We examined a range of traumatic brain injury (TBI) variables (TBI history, severity, frequency, and age of injury) as predictors of cognitive outcome over 8 years in an adult population, and interactions with apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, sex, and age cohorts. Three randomly sampled age cohorts (20–24, 40–44, 60–64 years at baseline; N = 6333) were each evaluated three times over 8 years. TBI variables, based on self-report, were separately modeled as predictors of cognitive performance using linear mixed effects models. TBI predicted longitudinal cognitive decline in all three age groups. APOE ε4+ genotypes in the young and middle-aged groups predicted lower baseline cognitive performance in the context of TBI. Baseline cognitive performance was better for young females than males but this pattern reversed in middle age and old age. The findings suggest TBI history is associated with long-term cognitive impairment and decline across the adult lifespan. A role for APOE genotype was apparent in the younger cohorts but there was no evidence that it is associated with impairment in early old age. The effect of sex and TBI on cognition varied with age cohort, consistent with a proposed neuroprotective role for estrogen. (JINS, 2014, 20, 444–454)
Degradation of 4-chloro-3-nitrophenol via a novel intermediate, 4-chlororesorcinol by Pseudomonas sp. JHN
Authors: Arora Pankaj Kumar , Srivastava Alok , Singh Vijay Pal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA 4-chloro-3-nitrophenol (4C3NP)-mineralizing bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. JHN was isolated from a waste water sample collected from a chemically-contaminated area, India by an enrichment method. Pseudomonas sp. JHN utilized 4C3NP as a sole carbon and energy source and degraded it with the release of stoichiometric amounts of chloride and nitrite ions. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected 4-chlororesorcinol as a major metabolite of the 4C3NP degradation pathway. Inhibition studies using 2,2′-dipyridyl showed that 4-chlororesorcinol is a terminal aromatic compound in the degradation pathway of 4C3NP. The activity for 4C3NP-monooxygenase was detected in the crude extracts of the 4C3NP-induced JHN cells that confirmed the formation of 4-chlororesorcinol from 4C3NP. The capillary assay showed that Pseudomonas sp. JHN exhibited chemotaxis toward 4C3NP. The bioremediation capability of Pseudomonas sp. JHN was monitored to carry out the microcosm experiments using sterile and non-sterile soils spiked with 4C3NP. Strain JHN degraded 4C3NP in sterile and non-sterile soil with same degradation rates. This is the first report of (i) bacterial degradation and bioremediation of 4C3NP, (ii) formation of 4-chlororesorcinol in the degradation pathway of 4C3NP, (iii) bacterial chemotaxis toward 4C3NP.
Hausärztliche Perspektiven zum geplanten Darmkrebsfrüherkennungsprogramm – ein Stimmungsbild
Authors: Guethlin C. , Siebenhofer A. 
Published: March 2014

ZusammenfassungGruppendiskussionen mit Hausärzten zum geplanten nationalen Darmkrebs-Screening-Programm mit Einladungsverfahren zeigten, dass bei einem Einbezug dieser wichtigen Gruppe Kosten-Nutzen-Bewertungen an zentraler Stelle kommuniziert werden sollten.
Stellungnahme des Fachausschuss Psychiatrie des BVÖGD zur Novellierung der PsychKGs in den Bundesländern
Authors: Albers M. 
Published: March 2014

ZusammenfassungEs wird empfohlen, in allen Bundesländern PsychKGs zu erlassen, in denen ambulante Hilfen für psychisch kranke Menschen mit dem Ziel der Abwendung von zwangsweisen Unterbringungen verknüpft werden. Das gemeindepsychiatrische Versorgungssystem íst so weiter zu entwickeln, dass ambulante Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsangebote niederschwellig, unverzüglich und wenn erforderlich, in der häuslichen Umgebung zur Verfügung stehen. Hierzu ist die Koordinierungsaufgabe des Sozialpsychiatrischen Dienstes zu konkretisieren, die Schaffung Gemeindepsychiatrischer Verbünde verbindlich vorzuschreiben, Psychiatriegremien auf Landesebene einzurichten, eine Psychiatrieberichterstattung (inkl. Unterbringungen nach PsychKG wie BtR) sicherzustellen und die Aufgabe der Besuchskommission auf alle mit Vor- und Nachsorge befassten Einrichtungen und Dienste auszudehnen.
On the origin of enhanced sensitivity in nanoscale FET-based biosensors
Authors: Shoorideh Kaveh , Chui Chi On 
Published: March 2014

Significance
It is widely believed that surface area-to-volume ratio is directly related to the sensitivity of field-effect transistor-based biosensors; this has led to a massive drive to use nanowires, which are costly and difficult to make, for use in such sensors. Although nanowires do exhibit superior performance in certain situations, we believe increased surface area-to-volume ratio is not the cause. We find that in general, smaller wires do worse, unless they are placed on an insulating substrate. In the corners between the nanowire and the substrate, the electrolyte exhibits weaker Debye screening and smaller capacitance density, causing the sensor to have larger charge sensitivity. Our understanding enables researchers to design better biosensors, possibly using large-scale structures that are cheaper to make.
Precise and in situ genetic humanization of 6 Mb of mouse immunoglobulin genes
Authors: Macdonald Lynn E. , Karow Margaret , Stevens Sean , Auerbach Wojtek , Poueymirou William T. , Yasenchak Jason , Frendewey David , Valenzuela David M. , Giallourakis Cosmas C. , Alt Frederick W. , Yancopoulos George D. , Murphy Andrew J. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
This paper describes a major advance in genomic engineering, describing by far the largest genetic humanization of the mouse ever attempted. Six megabases of mouse immune genes were replaced in a precise manner and “in situ” (in the orthologous position) with the corresponding human immune genes using largechimeric bacterial artificial chromosome targeting vectors. The accompanying manuscript demonstrates that the engineered mice function with high efficiency and have already generated therapeutic candidates that have progressed into human trials.
Mice with megabase humanization of their immunoglobulin genes generate antibodies as efficiently as normal mice
Authors: Murphy Andrew J. , Macdonald Lynn E. , Stevens Sean , Karow Margaret , Dore Anthony T. , Pobursky Kevin , Huang Tammy T. , Poueymirou William T. , Esau Lakeisha , Meola Melissa , Mikulka Warren , Krueger Pamela , Fairhurst Jeanette , Valenzuela David M. , Papadopoulos Nicholas , Yancopoulos George D. 
Published: March 2014

SignificanceThe accompanying paper describes the precise, in situ replacement of six megabases of mouse immune genes with the corresponding human immune genes. This manuscript shows that this genomic engineering feat resulted in a unique kind of “HumAb” mouse. Dubbed VelocImmune, these mice efficiently generate antibodies that can be rapidly reformatted into therapeutics. VelocImmune mice have proven to be extraordinarily efficient and productive, generating over a dozen therapeutic candidates that have already progressed into human clinical trials for a variety of important diseases.
Testing for Designer Stimulants: Metabolic Profiles of 16 Synthetic Cathinones Excreted Free in Human Urine
Authors: Uralets Victor , Rana Sumandeep , Morgan Stewart , Ross Wayne 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The study of 34,561 urine specimens, submitted for designer stimulant testing between February 2011 and January 2013, provided an opportunity: to estimate the range of synthetic cathinones (SC) abused in the USA, to observe multiple examples of metabolic profiles for each drug in various stages of excretion in human urine, to evaluate the extent of metabolism of specific SC and to select metabolites or parent drugs for routine testing. Sixteen SC were found in random patient samples: buphedrone; butylone; 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone; ethcathinone; N-ethylbuphedrone; ethylone; flephedrone; mephedrone; 4-methylbuphedrone; 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV); 4-methyl-N-ethylcathinone; methylone; pentedrone; pentylone; α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (PBP) and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (PVP). After liquid/liquid extraction and trifluoroacetylation, specimens were screened by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for drugs and metabolites excreted free in urine. Each SC exhibited a characteristic metabolic profile, as shown by multiple examples. Metabolites' structures were postulated on the basis of their mass spectra. A large group of SC appears to metabolize extensively by carbonyl reduction into respective substituted ephedrines and further by N-dealkylation into norephedrines. Abundant metabolites in this group are essential markers of the parent drug use. Unchanged drugs are far less abundant or not found at all. SC with methylenedioxy attachment to the aromatic ring, metabolize by carbonyl reduction to a much lesser extent and are best detected as such in free urine fraction. PBP and PVP can be detected either unchanged or as metabolites, resulting from pyrrolidine ring degradation into primary amine followed by carbonyl reduction. MDPV appears in urine as such with no apparent free metabolites.
Jasmonate-Activated MYC2 Represses ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 Activity to Antagonize Ethylene-Promoted Apical Hook Formation inArabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Xing , Zhu Ziqiang , An Fengying , Hao Dongdong , Li Pengpeng , Song Jinghui , Yi Chengqi , Guo Hongwei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe apical hook is an essential structure that enables epigeal plants to protrude through the soil. Arabidopsis thaliana HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) is reported to be a key regulator of hook development and a direct target gene of the ethylene (ET)-activated transcription factors ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) and its close homolog EIN3-Like1. Previous research has shown that the phytohormones jasmonate (JA) and ET antagonistically regulate apical hook development, although the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report that JA represses hook formation by reducing HLS1 expression. Our results further reveal that the JA-activated transcription factor MYC2 represses EIN3 function to reduce HLS1 expression through at least the following two layers of regulation: (1) MYC2 binds to the promoter of an F-box gene, EIN3 BINDING F-BOX PROTEIN1, to induce its expression and thus promote EIN3 degradation; and (2) MYC2 physically interacts with EIN3 and inhibits its DNA binding activity. Collectively, our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the antagonism between JA and ET during apical hook development and provide insight into the coaction of multiple phytohormones in the regulation of plant growth and development.
Flower plantings increase wild bee abundance and the pollination services provided to a pollination‐dependent crop
Authors: Blaauw Brett R. , Isaacs Rufus 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Pollination services from wild insects contribute to crop productivity around the world, but are at risk of decline in agricultural landscapes. Using highbush blueberry as a model system, we tested whether wildflower plantings established adjacent to crop fields would increase the abundance of wild pollinators during crop bloom and enhance pollination and yield.

Plantings were seeded in 2009 with a mix of 15 perennial wildflower species that provided season‐long bloom and increased plant density and floral area during the subsequent 3 years.

Honeybees visiting blueberry flowers had similar abundance in enhanced and control fields in all 4 years of this study, whereas wild bee and syrphid abundance increased annually in the fields adjacent to wildflower plantings.

Crop pollination parameters including percentage fruit set, berry weight and mature seeds per berry were significantly greater in fields adjacent to wildflower plantings 3 and 4 years after seeding, leading to higher crop yields and with the associated revenue exceeding the cost of wildflower establishment and maintenance.

Synthesis and applications. We suggest that provision of forage habitat for bees adjacent to pollinator‐dependent crops can conserve wild pollinators in otherwise resource‐poor agricultural landscapes. Over time, these plantings can support higher crop yields and bring a return on the initial investment in wildflower seed and planting establishment, also insuring against loss of managed pollinators. Further understanding of the importance of planting size, location and landscape context will be required to effectively implement this practice to support crop pollination.
Uterine sutures at prior caesarean section and placenta accreta in subsequent pregnancy: a case–control study
Authors: Sumigama S , Sugiyama C , Kotani T , Hayakawa H , Inoue A , Mano Y , Tsuda H , Furuhashi M , Yamamuro O , Kinoshita Y , Okamoto T , Nakamura H , Matsusawa K , Sakakibara K , Oguchi H , Kawai M , Shimoyama Y , Tamakoshi K , Kikkawa F 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo clarify the effects of uterine myometrial suture techniques at prior caesarean section on the incidence of pathologically diagnosed placenta accreta in placenta praevia with prior caesarean section (PPPC).DesignCase–control study.SettingEleven tertiary referral hospitals in central Japan.PopulationA total of 98 cases of placenta praevia, a history of one or more prior caesarean sections, and a history of uterine transverse incision and usage of only absorbable thread for myometrial sutures at the prior caesarean section. Exclusions were a history of myomectomy or Strassmann's operation.MethodsCases were grouped into a pathologically diagnosed placenta accreta group (38 cases) and a no accreta group (60 cases). Clinical characteristics including uterine suture methods at prior caesarean section were compared (single‐layer versus double‐layer closure; continuous versus interrupted sutures in the inner myometrial layer).Main outcome measureThe incidence of placenta accreta.ResultsNo difference was found comparing single‐layer with double‐layer closure in the incidence of placenta accreta (37.1 versus 39.7%, P = 0.805); however, a significant difference was found comparing continuous with interrupted sutures (58.1 versus 29.9%, P = 0.008). Multivariable logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection for the eight factors meeting the criterion of P < 0.10 in univariate analysis was used, and four independent factors were selected, as follows: gravidity ≥ 3 (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 3.4, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.99–11.6, P = 0.050); total praevia (versus non‐total, aOR 18.4, 95% CI 3.2–107.0, P = 0.001); anterior/centre placenta (versus posterior, aOR 16.4, 95% CI 3.7–72.2, P < 0.001); and continuous sutures (versus interrupted, aOR 6.0, 95% CI 1.4–25.2, P = 0.015).ConclusionsIn this limited study, a history of continuous sutures on the inner side of the uterine wall showed potential to influence the development of placenta accreta in PPPC patients.
The Power of Contextual Effects in Forensic Anthropology: A Study of Biasability in the Visual Interpretations of Trauma Analysis on Skeletal Remains
Authors: Nakhaeizadeh Sherry , Hanson Ian , Dozzi Nathalie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe potential for contextual information to bias assessments in the forensic sciences has been demonstrated, in several forensic disiplines. In this paper, biasability potential within forensic anthropology was examined by analyzing the effects of external manipulations on judgments and decision‐making in visual trauma assessment. Three separate websites were created containing fourteen identical images. Participants were randomly assigned to one website. Each website provided different contextual information, to assess variation of interpretation of the same images between contexts. The results indicated a higher scoring of trauma identification responses for the Mass grave context. Furthermore, a significant biasing effect was detected in the interpretation of four images. Less experienced participants were more likely to indicate presence of trauma. This research demonstrates bias impact in forensic anthropological trauma assessments and highlights the importance of recognizing and limiting cognitive vulnerabilities that forensic anthropologists might bring to the analysis.
Effects of a flooding event on a threatened black bear population in Louisiana
Authors: O'Connell‐Goode K. C. , Lowe C. L. , Clark J. D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Louisiana black bear, Ursus americanus luteolus, is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act as a result of habitat loss and human‐related mortality. Information on population‐level responses of large mammals to flooding events is scarce, and we had a unique opportunity to evaluate the viability of the Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB) black bear population before and after a significant flooding event. We began collecting black bear hair samples in 2007 for a DNA mark‐recapture study to estimate abundance (N) and apparent survival (φ). In 2011, the Morganza Spillway was opened to divert floodwaters from the Mississippi River through the UARB, inundating > 50% of our study area, potentially impacting recovery of this important bear population. To evaluate the effects of this flooding event on bear population dynamics, we used a robust design multistate model to estimate changes in transition rates from the flooded area to non‐flooded area (ψF→NF) before (2007–2010), during (2010–2011) and after (2011–2012) the flood. Average N across all years of study was 63.2 (se = 5.2), excluding the year of the flooding event. Estimates of ψF→NF increased from 0.014 (se = 0.010; meaning that 1.4% of the bears moved from the flooded area to non‐flooded areas) before flooding to 0.113 (se = 0.045) during the flood year, and then decreased to 0.028 (se = 0.035) after the flood. Although we demonstrated a flood effect on transition rates as hypothesized, the effect was small (88.7% of the bears remained in the flooded area during flooding) and φ was unchanged, suggesting that the 2011 flooding event had minimal impact on survival and site fidelity.
Chronic alcohol alters rewarded behaviors and striatal plasticity
Authors: DePoy Lauren , Daut Rachel , Wright Tara , Camp Marguerite , Crowley Nicole , Noronha Bianca , Lovinger David , Holmes Andrew 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) alters neural functions and behaviors mediated by the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and prefrontal cortex. Here, we examined the effects of prolonged (16‐bout) CIE on DLS plasticity and DLS‐mediated behaviors. Ex vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed loss in efficacy of DLS synaptically induced activation and absent long‐term depression after CIE. CIE increased two‐bottle choice drinking and impaired Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer but not discriminated approach. These data suggest prolonged CIE impaired DLS plasticity, to produce associated changes in drinking and cue‐controlled reward‐seeking. Given recent evidence that less‐prolonged CIE can promote certain dorsal striatal‐mediated behaviors, CIE may drive chronicity‐dependent adaptations in corticostriatal systems regulating behavior.
Ultrastructure of UVR‐B‐induced cataract and repair visualized with electron microscopy
Authors: Meyer Linda M. , Wegener Alfred R. , Holz Frank G. , Kronschläger Martin , Bergmanson Jan P. , Soderberg Per G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study is to investigate and visualize the ultrastructure of cataract morphology and repair, after in vivo exposure to double threshold dose UVR‐B in the C57BL/6 mouse lens.MethodsTwenty‐six‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice received in vivo double threshold dose (6.4 kJ/m2) UVR‐B for 15 min. The radiation output of the UVR‐source had λMAX at 302.6 nm. After a latency period of 1, 2, 4 and 8 days following UVR‐B exposure, the induced cataract was visualized with electron microscopy techniques. Induced, cataract was quantified as forward lens light scattering. Damage to the lens epithelium and the anterior cortex was investigated with light microscopy in toluidine blue‐stained semi‐thin sections, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dark field illumination photography.ResultsUVR‐B‐exposed lenses developed anterior subcapsular and/or cortical and nuclear cataract after 1 day. Lens light scattering peaked 2 days after exposure. Lens epithelial cell damage was seen in TEM as apoptotic cells, apoptotic bodies, nuclear chromatin condensation, and swollen and disrupted anterior cortex fibres throughout the sections of the whole anterior lens surface. These morphologic changes were also visualized with SEM. Within 8 days, anterior subcapsular cataract was repaired towards the anterior sutures.ConclusionUVR‐B exposure of double cataract threshold dose induces a subtotal loss of epithelial cells across the whole anterior surface of the lens. This damage to the epithelium is repaired by epithelial cell movement from the equator towards the lens sutures, thus in retrograde direction to regular epithelial cell differentiation.
Randomized, contralateral eye study to evaluate the effect of standard and inverted side‐cut angle on corneal biomechanical properties during femtosecond laser‐assisted in situ keratomileusis
Authors: Yip Yolanda W. Y. , Yu Marco C. Y. , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of side‐cut angle profile on corneal biomechanical properties after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK).MethodsNinety‐six myopic eyes of 48 patients underwent FS‐LASIK. One eye of each patient was randomized to flap creation with a side‐cut angle of 115°. The fellow eye flap side‐cut angle was adjusted to 70°. Mean absolute error of flap diameter and mean change in Goldmann‐correlated intra‐ocular pressure (IOPg), corneal‐compensated IOP (IOPcc), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), p1 area, p2 area, p1 area 1 and p2 area 1 were compared between both groups.ResultsOverall, the mean IOPg and CRF showed significant reduction at the end of 1 and 3 months, as well as between 1 and 3 months postoperatively (p ≤ 0.03). The mean IOPcc and CH showed significant reduction (p < 0.001) at the end of 3 months postoperatively. The parameters p1 area, p2 area, p1 area 1 and p2 area 1 changed significantly at the end of 1 and 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between both groups with regards to the mean change of IOPg, IOPcc, CH, CRF, p1 area, and p1 area 1. In 115° group, the mean absolute error in flap diameter was greater compared with 70° group (p = 0.014).ConclusionsThe stability of IOP and corneal biomechanical properties were not enhanced in FS‐LASIK flaps with an inverted side‐cut angle. The size of corneal flap created with 70° side‐cut angle was more accurate compared with 115° side‐cut angle.