bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving the practitioner–teacher role to enhance practice–academic partnerships: a literature review
Authors: Kleinpell Ruth M , Faut‐Callahan Margaret , Carlson Elizabeth , Llewellyn Jane , Dreher Melanie 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this article was to review the development of the practitioner–teacher model and its use in advancing clinical nursing.BackgroundThe practitioner–teacher role, or the unification model, incorporates clinical practice, teaching, consultation and research responsibilities for nurses serving in advanced clinical roles or as nursing faculty as part of professional nursing practice. The practitioner–teacher role facilitates a practice–academic partnership that can serve as a beneficial way to advance clinical nursing care.DesignAn exploratory literature review was conducted combined with review of practitioner–teacher and practice–academic exemplars.MethodsA descriptive review of the practitioner–teacher model of nursing practice reveals that activities of the role include clinical nursing care, serving as a preceptor for nursing students in a focused area of expertise, consulting on patient care issues, presenting in‐services and course lectures, and serving as a member of faculty and nursing division committees.ResultsThe practitioner–teacher role lends itself to promoting practice–academic partnerships that combine clinical nursing care with professional nursing activities.ConclusionsThe model of practice, education, consultation and research of the practitioner–teacher position advances practice–academic partnerships.Relevance to clinical practiceThe practitioner–teacher model serves to optimise the way nursing practice and academic work together to integrate knowledge, scholarship, service and learning and to advance the profession and the discipline of nursing. This article discusses aspects of the unique practice–academic partnership using the practitioner–teacher model, how the role evolved, and how it can improve clinical nursing care globally.
Radiopacity of Esthetic Post Materials: Evaluation with Digital Analysis Technique
Authors: Kaval Mehmet Emin , Akin Hakan , Guneri Pelin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the radiopacity of five post materials using a digital image analysis method.Materials and MethodsTwelve specimens from each post type (two zirconia and three fiber based) of 2 mm in thickness were obtained using a diamond blade mounted on a cutting machine, and digital radiographs were taken along with aluminum step‐wedge and dentin discs under standard exposure conditions. The mean gray‐values of specimens were measured using a computer graphics program. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Holm‐Sidak multicomparison test (p = 0.05).ResultsThe highest radiopacity was observed in custom zirconia (5.842 millimeters of equivalent Al [mmAl]), and the lowest value was detected with FRC‐Postec (Ivoclar Vivadent) (1.716 mmAl). Significant differences were revealed between the radiopacity values among all groups (p < 0.05), except the Zr post materials (p = 0.56).ConclusionsAll tested post materials had higher radiopacity than dentin. Further studies will be required to clarify optimum radiopacity properties of the post materials to provide a precise clinical observation.
Melatonergic system‐based two‐gene index is prognostic in human gliomas
Authors: Kinker Gabriela S. , Oba‐Shinjo Sueli M. , Carvalho‐Sousa Claudia E. , Muxel Sandra M. , Marie Suely K. N. , Markus Regina P. , Fernandes Pedro A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGliomas, the most common primary brain tumors in adults, are classified into four malignancy grades according to morphological features. Recent studies have shown that melatonin treatment induces cytotoxicity in glioma‐initiating cells and reduces the invasion and migration of glioma cell lines, inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) oncopathway. Given that C6 rat glioma cells produce melatonin, we investigated the correlation between the capacity of gliomas to synthesize/metabolize melatonin and their overall malignancy. We first characterized the melatonergic system of human gliomas cell lines with different grades of aggressiveness (HOG, T98G, and U87MG) and demonstrated that glioma‐synthesized melatonin exerts an autocrine antiproliferative effect. Accordingly, the sensitivity to exogenous melatonin was higher for the most aggressive cell line, U87MG, which synthesized/accumulated less melatonin. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas RNAseq data of 351 glioma patients, we designed a predictive model of the content of melatonin in the tumor microenvironment, the ASMT:CYP1B1 index, combining the gene expression levels of melatonin synthesis and metabolism enzymes. The ASMT:CYP1B1 index negatively correlated with tumor grade, as well as with the expression of pro‐proliferation and anti‐apoptotic NFκB target genes. More importantly, the index was a grade‐ and histological type‐independent prognostic factor. Even when considering only high‐grade glioma patients, a low ASMT:CYP1B1 value, which suggests decreased melatonin and enhanced aggressiveness, was strongly associated with poor survival. Overall, our data reveal the prognostic value of the melatonergic system of gliomas and provide insights into the therapeutic role of melatonin.
Safety of Intraperitoneal Injection of Adipose Tissue‐Derived Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cats
Authors: Parys M. , Nelson N. , Koehl K. , Miller R. , Kaneene J.B. , Kruger J.M. , Yuzbasiyan‐Gurkan V. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundChronic inflammatory diseases are common in cats and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a promising therapeutic approach for management of these disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of intraperitoneal injection of MSC in cats.HypothesisIntrapertioneal injection of autologous MSC in cats is safe.AnimalsTen healthy adult purpose‐bred cats.MethodsMesenchymal stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue collected during ovariohysterectomy and characterized for expression of CD90, CD105 and CD44 and trilineage differentiation. Three weeks postoperatively a complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasound were performed. Five cats then received 1 × 106 of autologous MSC/kg of body weight intraperitoneally with ultrasound guidance; 5 additional cats were sham injected. Cats were monitored for 6 weeks with daily physical examinations and weekly clinicopathological evaluations. Abdominal ultrasonography was repeated at weeks 1 and 5 after injection.ResultsSerious adverse effects were not observed in any MSC‐injected cat. Two animals developed transient lethargy and decreased activity. Jejunal lymph node size was increased in MSC‐injected cats compared to controls at weeks 1 (1.38 ± 0.25 versus 0.88 ± 0.25 cm2; P = .036) and 5 (1.75 ± 0.82 versus 0.79 ± 0.12 cm2; P = .047). A hyperechoic renal segmental cortical lesion was observed in 1 MSC‐injected cat.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIntraperitoneal MSC injection was well tolerated with only mild, self‐limiting adverse effects being observed in 2 cats. This route provides a safe means of administration for cell‐based treatment in cats.
Discriminant ability of the Eating Assessment Tool‐10 to detect aspiration in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Plowman E. K. , Tabor L. C. , Robison R. , Gaziano J. , Dion C. , Watts S. A. , Vu T. , Gooch C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundOropharyngeal dysphagia is prevalent in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) leading to malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and death. These factors necessitate early detection of at‐risk patients to prolong maintenance of safe oral intake and pulmonary function. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminant ability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) to identify ALS patients with unsafe airway protection during swallowing.MethodsSeventy ALS patients completed the EAT‐10 survey and underwent a standardized videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing. Two blinded raters determined airway safety using the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS). A between groups anova (safe vs penetrators vs aspirators) was conducted and sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and likelihood ratios calculated.Key ResultsMean EAT‐10 scores for safe swallowers, penetrators, and aspirators (SEM) were: 4.28 (0.79) vs 7.10 (1.79) vs 20.50 (3.19), respectively, with significant differences noted for aspirators vs safe swallowers and aspirators vs penetrators (p < 0.001). The EAT‐10 demonstrated good discriminant ability to accurately identify ALS penetrator/aspirators (PAS ≥3) with a cut off score of 3 (AUC: 0.77, sensitivity: 88%, specificity: 57%). The EAT‐10 demonstrated excellent accuracy at identifying aspirators (PAS ≥6) utilizing a cut off score of 8 (AUC: 0.88, sensitivity: 86%, specificity: 72%, likelihood ratio: 3.1, negative predictive value: 95.5%).Conclusions & InferencesThe EAT‐10 differentiated safe vs unsafe swallowing in ALS patients. This patient self‐report scale could represent a quick and meaningful aide to dysphagia screening in busy ALS clinics for the identification and referral of dysphagic patients for further instrumental evaluation.
The effect of opioid agonists and antagonists on gastrointestinal motility in mice selected for high and low swim stress‐induced analgesia
Authors: Wasilewski A. , Lesniak A. , Bujalska‐Zadrozny M. , Sadowski B. , Fichna J. , Sacharczuk M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe opioid system in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays an important physiological role, but is also responsible for the side effect of opioid drugs, including troublesome constipation in chronic pain treatment. The aim of this study was to characterize and validate a new mouse model to study the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists in theGItract.MethodsSix‐week‐old male Swiss‐Webster mice, divergently bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress‐induced analgesia (SSIA), were used in the study. To assess the influence of opioid agonists (morphine and loperamide) and antagonists (naloxone hydrochloride,NLXand naloxone methiodide,NLXM) onGImotility, wholeGItransit (wholeGIT) and upperGITassays were conducted. To evaluate the expression of opioid receptors in the ileum and colon ofHAandLAmice, immune staining was performed.Key ResultsThe effect of morphine was more pronounced inHAline, whereas loperamide exerted a stronger effect inLAmice. Furthermore,NLXandNLXMdifferentially abolished the inhibitory action of the central and peripheral opioid system on whole and upperGITinHAandLAmice. The differences inGImotility betweenHAandLAmice coexisted with parallel changes in the expression of opioid receptors in the ileum and colon.Conclusions & InferencesDifferences in the activity of the endogenous opioid system are responsible for the vulnerability to changes inGImotility during treatment with opioids. Our findings validate theHA/LAmodel for further studies on opioids in theGItract.
Escape from the competence state in Streptococcus mutans is governed by the bacterial population density
Authors: Dufour D. , Villemin C. , Perry J.A. , Lévesque C.M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryHorizontal gene transfer through natural DNA transformation is an important evolutionary mechanism among bacteria. Transformation requires that the bacteria are physiologically competent to take and incorporate free DNA directly from the environment. Although natural genetic transformation is a remarkable feature of many naturally competent bacteria, the process is energetically expensive for the cells. Consequently, a tight control of the competence state is necessary. The objective of the present work was to help decipher the molecular mechanisms regulating the escape from the competence state in Streptococcus mutans, the principal etiological agent responsible for tooth decay in humans. Our results showed that the cessation of competence in S. mutans was abrupt, and did not involve the accumulation of a competence inhibitor nor the depletion of a competence activator in the extracellular environment. The competence state was repressed at high cell population density via concomitant repression of sigX gene encoding the master regulator of the competence regulon. Co‐culture experiments performed with oral and non‐oral bacteria showed that S. mutans assesses its own population density and also the microbial density of its surroundings to regulate its competence escape. Interestingly, neither the intra‐species and extra‐species quorum‐sensing systems nor the other 13 two‐component regulatory systems identified in S. mutans were involved in the cell‐density‐dependent escape of the competence state. Altogether, our results suggest a complex mechanism regulating the competence shut‐off involving cell‐density‐dependent repression of sigX through an as yet undefined system, and possibly SigX protein stability.
Lipid signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress
Authors: Hou Quancan , Ufer Guido , Bartels Dorothea 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear that membrane lipids also serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signalling lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins,N‐acylethanolamines, free fatty acids and others. The enzymatic production and metabolism of these signalling molecules are tightly regulated and can rapidly be activated upon abiotic stress signals. Abiotic stress like water deficit and temperature stress triggers lipid‐dependent signalling cascades, which control the expression of gene clusters and activate plant adaptation processes. Signalling lipids are able to recruit protein targets transiently to the membrane and thus affect conformation and activity of intracellular proteins and metabolites. In plants, knowledge is still scarce of lipid signalling targets and their physiological consequences. This review focuses on the generation of signalling lipids and their involvement in response to abiotic stress. We describe lipid‐binding proteins in the context of changing environmental conditions and compare different approaches to determine lipid–protein interactions, crucial for deciphering the signalling cascades.
Stomatal dynamics are limited by leaf hydraulics in ferns and conifers: results from simultaneous measurements of liquid and vapour fluxes in leaves
Authors: Martins Samuel C. V. , McAdam Scott A. M. , Deans Ross M. , DaMatta Fábio M. , Brodribb Tim J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStomatal responsiveness to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) results in continuous regulation of daytime gas‐exchange directly influencing leaf water status and carbon gain. Current models can reasonably predict steady‐state stomatal conductance (gs) to changes in VPD but the gs dynamics between steady‐states are poorly known. Here, we used a diverse sample of conifers and ferns to show that leaf hydraulic architecture, in particular leaf capacitance, has a major role in determining the gs response time to perturbations in VPD. By using simultaneous measurements of liquid and vapour fluxes into and out of leaves, the in situ fluctuations in leaf water balance were calculated and appeared to be closely tracked by changes in gs thus supporting a passive model of stomatal control. Indeed, good agreement was found between observed and predicted gs when using a hydropassive model based on hydraulic traits. We contend that a simple passive hydraulic control of stomata in response to changes in leaf water status provides for efficient stomatal responses to VPD in ferns and conifers, leading to closure rates as fast or faster than those seen in most angiosperms.
Inadequate sociomedical evaluation of possible abusive head trauma in Yokohama
Authors: Sato Atsuo , Kikuchi Nobuyuki , Yokota Shumpei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere have been no previous studies on the adequacy of combined evaluation of possible abusive head trauma cases by frontline medical personnel, hospital‐based child protection teams, and child protective services in local districts of Japan.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey of hospitalized patients under 24 months old with a diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) from January 2011 to December 2013. Eleven large‐scale general hospitals in Yokohama, Japan were surveyed, which provide centralized inpatient care to moderately–severely ill children.ResultsA total of 51 ICH patients were listed from eight hospitals. Median patient age was 7 months, and 84% were younger than 12 months. The most common diagnosis on computed tomography was subdural hematoma (n = 26; 51%). Of a total of 51 cases, 31 (61%) occurred inside the home; the injury scene was unknown in six cases (12%). We reviewed these 37 cases from the viewpoint of evaluation with concern for suspected child abuse. Three out of 37 patients (8%) were not examined for inflicted skin lesions, and skeletal surveys and funduscopy were not conducted in 14 (38%) and 15 (41%), respectively. Thirteen out of 37 cases (35%) were not reported to hospital‐based child protection teams and 22 (59%) were not reported to regional child protective services.ConclusionThe sociomedical evaluation of possible child abuse appears to be systematically inadequate in Yokohama.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Chediak–Higashi syndrome
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Adachi Souichi , Horikoshi Yasuo , Imai Kohsuke , Terui Kiminori , Endo Mikiya , Mitsui Tetsuo , Kato Keisuke , Koh Katsuyoshi , Kajiwara Ryosuke , Ito Rieko , Otsuka Yoshitoshi , Inoue Masami , Ishii Eiichi , Yabe Hiromasa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe clinical outcome of allogeneic HSCT was retrospectively analyzed in eight patients with CHS. In total, six of these eight patients are alive. Four of five patients transplanted with MAC achieved prompt engraftment, and three of the four patients, including two patients with AP before transplant, are alive without disease. In contrast, three patients transplanted with RIC without active AP disease achieved prompt engraftment and survive long term. RIC‐HSCT might be an alternative treatment for CHS similar to other types of HLH, at least for patients without active AP disease.
Influence of pneumonia complications on the prognosis of patients with autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia
Authors: Manabe Toshie , Mizukami Katsuyoshi , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Teramoto Shinji , Yamaoka Kazue , Nakamura Seiji , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Kudo Koichiro , Hizawa Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia is a major, complicated disease in patients with dementia. However, the influence of pneumonia on the prognosis of patients with varying types of dementia has not been fully evaluated.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data from medical and autopsy reports. All study patients had been hospitalized and underwent brain autopsy in a hospital in Toyohashi, Japan, between 2005 and 2014. The patients with subtypes of dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or vascular dementia (VaD), were neuropathologically diagnosed and examined. Pneumonia incidence, cause of death, and the clinical time‐course of dementia were compared among the dementia subtypes. The time to death from dementia onset (survival time) was compared by the Kaplan–Meier method among subtypes of dementia with or without pneumonia. Risk factors for survival time on all study patients were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsOf the 157 eligible patients, 63 (40.1%) had AD, 42 (26.8%) had DLB, and 52 (33.1%) had VaD. Pneumonia complication was observed with high incidence in each subtype of dementia, especially in DLB (90.5%). The median total duration from dementia onset to death was 8 years in AD and DLB, and 5 years in VaD. The VaD subtype had more male patients than AD or DLB (P = 0.010), and age of death in this group was the youngest among the three groups (P = 0.018). A significant difference was observed in the survival time by the Kaplan–Meier method among the three groups (P < 0.001) and among the groups with pneumonia (P = 0.002). The factors associated with shorter survival time were male gender, pneumonia complications, diabetes mellitus, age of dementia onset ≥ 75 years, and VaD.ConclusionsPneumonia complications shortened the survival time of patients with AD, DLB, and VaD.
Diagnostic Efficacy of a Single Progesterone Determination to Assess Full‐Term Pregnancy in the Bitch
Authors: Rota A , Charles C , Starvaggi Cucuzza A , Pregel P 
Published: October 2015

ContentsIn clinical settings, when the reproductive history of a near‐term bitch is limited to mating dates, the possibility to accurately assess whether pregnancy is at term could be very useful in order to be able to plan a correct management of parturition or to safely perform an elective Caesarean section. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of a single progesterone determination, measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), in predicting the occurrence of parturition on the following day. At least one blood sample was collected from 51 pre‐partum bitches during the 3 days before parturition and on day of parturition. The efficacy of progesterone as a marker of the end of pregnancy was tested using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Youden's index was calculated to select the optimal cut‐off value (with 95% confidence interval), aiming at maximizing the correct identification of negative events, so not to risk to diagnose as full term a bitch which is not. Progesterone concentration lower than 3.4 ng/ml correctly identified the bitches whelping the following day; however, because of the obliged prudential approach, sensitivity was low (46.88%), and 17 of 32 full‐term bitches were missed. Due to a very large individual variation, a single progesterone determination has low diagnostic efficacy, although it can represent a useful first screening.