bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicellular 3D bioprinted human gallbladder carcinoma for in vitro mimicry of tumor microenvironment and intratumoral heterogeneity
Authors: Jin Yukai , Zhang Jiangang , Xing Jiali , Li Yiran , Yang Huiyu , Ouyang Liujian , Fang Zhiyuan , Sun Lejia , Jin Bao , Huang Pengyu , Yang Huayu , Du Shunda , Sang Xinting , Mao Yilei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a malignant hepatobiliary cancer characterized by an intricate tumor microenvironments (TME) and heterogeneity. The traditional GBC 2D culture models cannot faithfully recapitulate the characteristics of the TME. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables the establishment of high-throughput and high-fidelity multicellular GBC models. In this study, we designed a concentric cylindrical tetra-culture model to reconstitute the spatial distribution of cells in tumor tissue, with the inner portion containing GBC cells, and the outer ring containing a mixture of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. We confirmed the survival, proliferation, biomarker expression and gene expression profiles of GBC 3D tetra-culture models. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunofluorescence staining verified the morphology and robust expression of GBC/endothelial/fibroblast/macrophage biomarkers in GBC 3D tetra-culture models. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed two distinct subtypes of GBC cells within the model, glandular epithelial and squamous epithelial cells, suggesting the mimicry of intratumoral heterogeneity. Comparative transcriptome profile analysis among various in vitro models revealed that cellular interactions and the TME in 3D tetra-culture models reshaped the biological processes of tumor cells to a more aggressive phenotype. GBC 3D tetra-culture models restored the characteristics of the TME as well as intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, this model is expected to have future applications in tumor biology research and antitumor drug development.
Microneedle system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines: a smart and efficient therapeutic approach
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umar Aslam , Aslam Muhammad Azhar , Abdullah Mohd Faizal Bin , Gul Hilal , Stojanović Goran M , Abdal-Hay Abdalla , Hasan Anwarul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The global demand for an enhanced quality of life and extended lifespan has driven significant advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These fields utilize a range of interdisciplinary theories and techniques to repair structurally impaired or damaged tissues and organs, as well as restore their normal functions. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy of medications, materials, and potent cells used at the laboratory level is always constrained by technological limitations. A novel platform known as adaptable microneedles has been developed to address the abovementioned issues. These microneedles offer a solution for the localized distribution of various cargos while minimizing invasiveness. Microneedles provide favorable patient compliance in clinical settings due to their effective administration and ability to provide a painless and convenient process. In this review article, we summarized the most recent development of microneedles, and we started by classifying various microneedle systems, advantages, and fundamental properties. Subsequently, it provides a comprehensive overview of different types of microneedles, the material used to fabricate microneedles, the fundamental properties of ideal microneedles, and their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, primarily focusing on preserving and restoring impaired tissues and organs. The limitations and perspectives have been discussed by concluding their future therapeutic applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicines.
In-depth analysis of optical fiber displacement sensor design process
Authors: Zubia G , Zubia J , Amorebieta J , Aldabaldetreku G , Durana G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Distance measurement is an essential issue in modern industry. Differential intensity sensors based on optical fibers have been very successful. Nevertheless, an inefficient fiber bundle design limits their ultimate range and sensitivity. This paper presents a method and a framework that allows researchers to find the best design for a sensor operating point. A comprehensive database has been established, containing information on all bundles that can be customized using major commercial fibers. Results show that the design of a fiber bundle for an operating point or range is less critical than one might think. Several fiber configurations allow working over the same distance range with the same responsivity. As we have shown, this result is maintained even when we impose stringent manufacturing tolerances (0.1%) on the positioning of the fibers. For this reason, the tool makes it possible to optimize the sensor response by selecting, among all possible solutions, those that maximize other parameters such as sensitivity, responsivity, operating range, or linearity. In addition, the tool has a general purpose and facilitates the design of bundles tailored for precise distance measurement. The results obtained with the model and the tool have been validated with our experimental results and those obtained by other authors.
Photonic variational quantum eigensolver using entanglement measurements
Authors: Lee Jinil , Song Wooyeong , Lee Donghwa , Kim Yosep , Lee Seung-Woo , Lim Hyang-Tag , Jung Hojoong , Han Sang-Wook , Kim Yong-Su 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), which combines quantum systems with classical computational power, has been arisen as a promising candidate for near-term quantum computing applications. However, the experimental resources such as the number of measurements to implement VQE rapidly increases as the Hamiltonian problem size grows. Applying entanglement measurements to reduce the number of measurement setups has been proposed to address this issue, but, entanglement measurements themselves can introduce additional resource demands. Here, we apply entanglement measurements to the photonic VQE utilizing polarization and path degrees of freedom of a single-photon. In our photonic VQE, entanglement measurements can be deterministically implemented using linear optics, so it takes full advantage of introducing entanglement measurements without additional experimental demands. Moreover, we show that such a setup can mitigate errors in measurement apparatus for a certain Hamiltonian.
A variational approach to quantum gated recurrent units
Authors: Ceschini Andrea , Rosato Antonello , Panella Massimo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks are receiving an increased attention thanks to their enhanced generalization capabilities in time series analysis. However, their performances were bottlenecked by long training times and unscalable architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel Quantum Recurrent Neural Network model based on Quantum Gated Recurrent Units. It uses a learnable Variational Quantum Layer to process temporal data, interspersed with two classical layers to properly match the dimensionality of the input and output vectors. Such an architecture has fewer quantum parameters than existing Quantum Long Short-Term Memory models. Both the quantum networks were evaluated on periodic and real-world time series datasets, together with the classical counterparts. The quantum models exhibited superior performances compared to the classical ones in all the test cases. The Quantum Gated Recurrent Units outperformed the Quantum Long Short-Term Memory network despite having a simpler internal configuration. Moreover, the Quantum Gated Recurrent Units network demonstrated to be about 25% faster during the training and inference procedure over the Quantum Long Short-Term Memory. This improvement in speed comes with one less quantum circuit to be executed, suggesting that our model may offer a more efficient alternative for implementing Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks on both simulated and real quantum hardware.
Comparative investigation of passive voltage amplification in ferroelectric-dielectric heterostructure
Authors: C M Archana , Awadhiya Bhaskar , Nanjappa Yashwanth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the ferroelectric-dielectric heterostructure with a fixed dielectric oxide and different ferroelectric oxides. This study is focused on the enhancement of capacitance, voltage amplification, and negative capacitance stabilization. In the first section of this study, an isolated ferroelectric capacitor with intrinsically unstable negative capacitance is examined for different ferroelectric oxides. To address the concern of instability a dielectric oxide is added in series to the ferroelectric capacitors. This addition raises the heterostructure’s total capacitance while stabilizing the negative capacitance. Silicon (Si), Zirconium (Zr), Aluminum (Al), and Strontium (Sr) doped hafnium oxide are used in heterostructure. It is found that the capacitance of Sr doped hafnium oxide is closely matched with the dielectric capacitance, therefore it provides the highest voltage amplification and enhanced capacitance among the other ferroelectric oxide considered.
A quantitative hot tearing criterion for aluminum alloys
Authors: Bagheri Majid , Alizadeh Mostafa , Ahmadi Alireza , Hajizamani Mohsen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, a new hot tearing criterion was proposed to quantitatively predict open and segregated hot tears in aluminum alloys. In the suggested model, the displacement of grains at a grain boundary near the solidus temperature was considered as the main reason for crack formation. In this model, it is assumed that when the distance between two neighbor grains exceeds the distance between those grains at the coherency temperature, the enriched liquid can penetrate to the root of the dendrites and form segregated and open hot tears. The main parameters of the model are microstructure (grain size and number of grain boundaries), critical strain, applied strain, and width of generated cracks. The index was verified by the solidifying shell tensile (SST) test of an Al alloy containing 0.95 wt% Cu and 0.12 wt% Fe. Also, the critical strain for crack formation in the test was calculated by using accumulated strain theory and load-time curves. The results revealed that the proposed model can suitably predict the number of open and segregated hot tears generated in the SST test samples.
Introduction
Authors: Daniel Garber 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spinoza wrote two main works: the Ethics, and the Tractatus theologico-politicus. Both are about salvation, but in very different ways: one is about reason, the other about revelation, one is about individuals and how they should live, the other is about the way we should live together. For the most part, the scholarly literature is dominated by books and articles that focus on one or another of these two works. In Spinoza: Reason, Religion, Politics, a diverse international group of scholars, senior and junior, confront both of these works together, and attempt to understand the many ways in which they are related to one another. The volume is organized into six parts. Part I, “Two Intertwined Texts,” Part II, “God and Atheism,” Part III, “Laws: Natural, Human, and Divine,” Part IV, “Wonder, Final Causes, and Miracles,” Part V, “Revelation, Reason, and Salvation,” and Part VI, “Political Philosophy.”
Spinoza’s Ethics as a Theological-Political Treatise
Authors: Nadler Steven 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While the Ethics is obviously a work with political dimensions, this chapter argues that it is also undeniably a theological-political treatise. And it suggests it is a theological-political treatise, oddly enough, because of Spinoza’s metaphysics, and especially his metaphysics of human nature. More specifically, this chapter argues that Spinoza’s notoriously and frustratingly opaque account of the eternity of the mind in Part 5, accompanied by his unorthodox re-conception of the notions of ‘blessedness’ and ‘salvation’, not only constitute a crucially important dimension of the Ethics but also contribute to making it a theological-political work. Recognizing this requires considering the relationship of the Ethics to the historically grounded TTP that Spinoza published (anonymously) in 1670. The chapter’s thesis is that the mind-body metaphysics of the Ethics and the religious and political doctrines of the TTP are complementary and mutually supporting parts of the same theological-political project.
Prejudices, Common Notions, Intuitions
Authors: Mogens Lærke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In E2p47s, Spinoza claims that “God’s infinite essence and his eternity are known to all.” Moreover, immediately after, he goes on to proclaim “that men do not have so clear a knowledge of God as they do of the common notions.” This chapter is an attempt to unpack and reconcile these seemingly counter-intuitive and contradictory assertions about knowledge of God in the Ethics by correlating them with Spinoza’s parallel discussion of the same topic in the Tractatus theologico-politicus, chapter 6, including an associated annotation, the Annotation VI. This allows showing that the key to understanding E2p47s lies in understanding the nature and role of those “common notions” that Spinoza declares to be “clearer” than our knowledge of God in E2p47s, and in understanding how our common notions of things, our “reasoning” about things, relates to our knowledge of God.
Spinoza’s ‘Atheism’, the Ethics and the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus
Authors: Yitzhak Y. Melamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that Spinoza deserves neither vilification nor praise for being an atheist, for the simple reason that he was not one. The first section of the chapter addresses the imputation of atheism to Spinoza and Spinoza’s response to the charge. The second section discusses three strategies that have been pursued to ascribe atheism to Spinoza. The third and fourth sections discuss some key texts from the Ethics and the TTP and argue that the atheist readings fail to make sense of these key passages (unless one adopts a hermeneutics of extreme suspicion which could equally find any view harbored in any text). The fifth section shows that both panentheism and the critique of anthropomorphic religion and anthropomorphic conceptions of providence were quite common within Jewish-Rabbinic discourse. Thus, the chapter argues that if we are not in the business of announcing that both Maimonides and the Kabbalists were atheists, we should avoid the same imputation to Spinoza.
Descartes and Spinoza on the Laws of Nature
Authors: Edwin Curley 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter develops Hampshire’s claim that Spinoza’s system “can … be fairly represented as the metaphysical expression of the ideal … of a unified science.” Descartes believed that we could organize the sciences into a deductive system whose axioms are metaphysical principles, from which the laws of physics are deducible, and that the laws of all the other sciences are deducible from physics. Spinoza agreed with much of this, but questioned Descartes’ foundations. He did not think we could deduce the laws of nature from the will of God (or from such traditional attributes of God as immutability and omnipotence). Instead he thought we could deduce them from the attributes, which are his first cause. If we develop Hampshire’s insight in this way, and recognize that Spinoza thought the causal structure of nature must reflect the logical structure of the ideal science, we will better understand the nature of his ‘God,’ the causal relation between God and his ‘creatures,’ what the infinite modes are and why Spinoza thought they must exist, and in what sense his system is necessitarian.
Divine Law and the Right Way of Living
Authors: Rutherford Donald 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the TTP Spinoza sets aside discussion of a “universal ethics” dedicated to exploring the “way of living among human beings.” This chapter investigates the trace of this idea in the Ethics, relating it to the general theory of law Spinoza defends in the TTP. The key features of that theory are Spinoza’s distinction between two orders of law, human and divine, distinguished by their different ends; and his provision of two explanations of the force or practical necessity of law, one prescriptive, the other based on the “necessity of nature.” Central to the argument of the TTP is the contrast between divine law interpreted as command and divine law as universal causal necessity. This chapter argues for a parallel approach to human law in the Ethics. Human law can be understood to consist of commands authorized by the state, or of natural necessities relating causes and effects. Knowledge of such necessities induces in the philosopher a temperament (virtue) that promotes the end of human law: “living more safely and agreeably.”
How to Make a Philosopher
Authors: Klein Julie R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers evidence from Spinoza’s Ethics, Theologico-Political Treatise, and correspondence to clarify his account of philosophical pedagogy and his analysis of the shift from imagining, characterized by inadequate ideas and passive affects, to reasoning and intuitive understanding, which consist of adequate ideas and active affects. Central issues in Spinoza’s account of how to make a philosopher include the tasks of teachers, the cultivation of the desire to learn, and the doctrine of the common notions. The chapter reads the Ethics as a theoretical, systematic account of human development and philosophical education and as a practical, pedagogical intervention designed to transform the reader. It looks to Spinoza’s presentation of Christ as intellectual knower and teacher par excellence in the Theologico-Political Treatise and to parallels there with the Ethics. Both Christ and Spinoza himself employ “common and true notions” for philosophical teaching.
The Frame Problem and the If-Then Problem
Authors: Shea Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that human cognition manages to solve the notorious frame problem (the problem of relevance-based search) by relying on concepts to interface between special-purpose informational models and general-purpose reasoning. Deep neural networks avoid the frame problem by building in assumptions of relevance, but eventually face limits. Storing explicit memories reintroduces the problem of searching memory for relevance. The concept-driven architecture offers a hybrid solution. Special-purpose systems generate relevant considerations on which reasoning operates. Their state spaces allow relevance-based search along multiple semantic dimensions. This can approximate isotropic search. Concepts compose these systems combinatorially. This explains how cognition partly avoids, and partly solves, the frame problem.
Association between days spent at home and functional status and health among persons living with dementia
Authors: Qureshi Nabeel , Nuckols Teryl , Tsugawa Yusuke , Tan Zaldy S , Gotanda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Many persons living with dementias (PLWD) prefer to remain at home as long as possible, and days spent at home (DAH)—defined as the time an individual spends outside of healthcare facilities—has emerged as a person-centred outcome measure in this population. We examined the association between DAH and functional status and health among PLWD.

Methods
Utilizing a nationally representative cohort of individuals age 65 and older in the United States with dementia from the 2010–2018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we assessed the relationship between an ordinal categorical DAH variable and number of activities of daily living (ADLs) (range 0–10; 10 being independent), mobility (0–5; 5 being mobile), and self-rated health (SRH) (0–4; 4 being excellent), controlling for patient characteristics. DAH was defined as the number of self-reported days spent outside a hospital or nursing home in the time between survey waves, typically 730 days.

Results
We identified 3002 participants (4192 observations, average 1.4 observations per participant). The mean DAH was 704.4 days (SD 10.8 days) and 64.9% spent all days at home (i.e. 730 days). A 2-week decrease in DAH was associated with a lower ADL score by 0.32 points (95% confidence internal [CI]: 0.24–0.40, P-for-trend&lt;0.001), a lower mobility score by 0.18 points (95% CI: 0.13–0.22, P-for-trend&lt;0.001), and a lower SRH by 0.05 points (95% CI: 0.02–0.08, P-for-trend&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
We demonstrate that DAH is positively associated with important patient-reported outcomes among the dementia population, strengthening the argument for considering DAH as a meaningful outcome measure for PLWD.
Trends in disability and limitations among US adults age 18-44, 2000-2018
Authors: Zajacova Anna , Margolis Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding disability trends is critical for health care and social policy. Although trends in disability and limitations have been studied extensively among older and middle-aged adults, little is known about trends in younger Americans, despite their importance for current and future population health. We present the first comprehensive evidence on disability trends among US adults age 18-44. We analyze 20 measures of disability and limitations collected in the nationally representative National Health Interview Survey 2000-2018 (n = 261 505). Robust Poisson models estimate age- and sex-adjusted trends and their covariates. Over one-quarter (27.4%) reported at least 1 disability or limitation; the age-adjusted prevalence increased by 5% from 2000 to 2018. However, trends for specific disabilities and limitations varied tremendously. Activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living limitations, cognitive, and social disabilities increased steeply (by 65%-89% over the study period). Mobility limitations were generally unchanged or increased modestly. Hearing and “other” limitations decreased significantly (25%-48% decrease). The trends are only partly explained by education, health behaviors, chronic conditions, and other covariates. Disability trends research must not be limited to older adults. Researchers and policy makers interested in health care policy, planning, and caregiving should pay attention to disability trends among young adults in the United States.