bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of structural concretes during construction phases
Authors: Uva Giuseppina , Porco Francesco , Fiore Andrea , Mezzina Mauro 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to collect the numerical elaboration of resistances measured on cubes made during the concrete casting and on cores extracted after the completion of the structure, for the concrete used in the construction of the “Esaro” Dam facilities (Cosenza, Italy). In addition to the statistical treatment of the sample, aimed at assessing the analytical congruence with the homogeneous classes provided in the design, the influence of compaction degree on in place strength value was qualitatively evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach
– The reliability of the concrete during the construction phases was evaluated by two analytical control types according to Italian and European technical rules: “production controls” based on statistical processing of resistance values; “laying controls” that serve to assess the compaction degree with a statistical approach.

Findings
– Results highlighted in the assessing of compliance checks of the mixture, the fundamental relation between statistical approach and concrete laying control. They become important when is necessary to quantify, especially in the case of great infrastructure, the gap between “potential” and “structural” concrete.

Originality/value
– The advantage obtained by controlling the compaction degree in the construction phase is unquestionable. Specifically, it might allow a reduction of the drilling cores, and so minor structural damage, especially for relatively recent structures favouring extensive non-destructive tests.
The consideration of trees in rights of light cases: part 1
Authors: S. Defoe Peter , Spence Catherine 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to establish a methodology by which the impact of trees may be assessed in rights of light cases.

Design/methodology/approach
– By considering the available technologies and theoretical modelling, the research demonstrated that the loss of daylight resulting from the existence of trees can be evaluated to a reasonable degree such that their effect in rights of light cases may be taken into account by the courts.

Findings
– The extent of obstruction to daylight that is caused by trees changes from season to season, i.e. trees grow in height and/or width and deciduous trees tend to lose their leaves during the winter. Measurement of the trees should occur during winter months and reasonable approximations can be made.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research is advisable to provide a more complete compendium of tree types and to build a reliable database of transparency values and rights of light software will need to be modified to simplify the calculation process.

Practical implications
– The consideration of trees in rights of light cases may be very significant. A dominant owner may be more affected by a proposed development if part of their light is already obstructed by trees and a servient owner may have an argument that existing trees cause a significant obstruction which might, in the right circumstances, reduce or remove the actionability of their proposals.

Social implications
– This research will have considerable benefit to anyone contemplating rights of light involving obstruction by trees.

Originality/value
– This is the first time that the use of BRE transparency factors for trees has been considered in connection with rights of light.
Building heritage in Enterprise Zones: the latest threat or opportunity?
Authors: Birch Justin , Squires Graham 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider heritage for buildings within Enterprise Zones – a programme promoted by central government to improve the UK economy. A central view has been focusing on economic growth, with little thought given to the wider implications of heritage when imposing these zones of deregulation.Design/methodology/approach– An illustrative case study of Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone is used that includes primary interviews with key stakeholders involved in the zone. This is synthesised with secondary literature review allowing an investigation of the way in which heritage issues are being dealt with and the resulting implications for both Bristol and in other zones in the UK.Findings– Conflicts are demonstrated between the objectives of the Enterprise Zone scheme and those of heritage protection, indicating that they are not natural partners. It is argued that existing statutory protection is not necessarily enough to safeguard the heritage of these areas, given that the balance of power is now tipped in favour of economic growth.Originality/value– If lessons can be learnt from this study then potential heritage issues from similar zoned developments can be avoided. The study encourages positive engagement with heritage by central government. Furthermore, it presents the first academic study that considers heritage within the latest tranche of spatially targeted fiscal incentive programmes.
ICT enabled participatory urban planning and policy development
Authors: Khan Zaheer , Ludlow David , Loibl Wolfgang , Soomro Kamran 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to present the effectiveness of participatory information and communication technology (ICT) tools for urban planning, in particular, supporting bottom-up decision-making in urban management and governance.Design/methodology/approach– This work begins with a presentation on the state of the art literature on the existing participatory approaches and their contribution to urban planning and the policymaking process. Furthermore, a case study, namely, the UrbanAPI project, is selected to identify new visualisation and simulation tools applied at different urban scales. These tools are applied in four different European cities – Vienna, Bologna, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Ruse – with the objective to identify the data needs for application development, commonalities in requirements of such participatory tools and their expected impact in policy and decision-making processes.Findings– The case study presents three planning applications: three-dimensional Virtual Reality at neighbourhood scale, Public Motion Explorer at city-wide scale and Urban Growth Simulation at city-region scale. UrbanAPI applications indicate both active and passive participation secured by applying these tools at different urban scales and hence facilitate evidence-based urban planning decision-making. Structured engagement with the city administrations indicates commonalities in user needs and application requirements creating the potential for the development of generic features in these ICT tools which can be applied to many other cities throughout Europe.Originality/value– This paper presents new ICT-enabled participatory urban planning tools at different urban scales to support collaborative decision-making and urban policy development. Various technologies are used for the development of these IT tools and applied to the real environment of four European cities.
Passive crowdsourcing in government using social media
Authors: Charalabidis Yannis , N. Loukis Euripidis , Androutsopoulou Aggeliki , Karkaletsis Vangelis , Triantafillou Anna 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to develop a novel approach to e-participation, which is based on “passive crowdsourcing” by government agencies, exploiting the extensive political content continuously created in numerous Web 2.0 social media (e.g. political blogs and microblogs, news sharing sites and online forums) by citizens without government stimulation, to understand better their needs, issues, opinions, proposals and arguments concerning a particular domain of government activity or public policy.

Design/methodology/approach
– This approach is developed and elaborated through cooperation with potential users experienced in the design of public policies from three countries (Austria, Greece and the UK), using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques: co-operative development of application scenarios, questionnaire surveys, focus groups and workshops and, finally, in-depth interviews.

Findings
– A process model for the application of the proposed passive crowdsourcing approach has been developed, which is quite different from the one of the usual active crowdsourcing. Based on it, the functional architecture of the required supporting information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure has been formulated, and then its technological architecture has been designed, addressing the conflicting requirements: low response time and, at the same time, provision of sufficiently “fresh” content for policymakers.

Practical implications
– Taking into account that traditionally government agencies monitor what the press writes about them, our research provides a basis for extending efficiently these activities in the new electronic media world (e.g. newspapers websites, blogs and microblogs, online forums, etc.) to understand better the needs, issues, opinions, arguments and proposals raised by the society with respect to important domains of government activity and public policies.

Social implications
– The proposed approach provides a new channel for the “voice” of the society to be directly communicated to the government so that the latter can design its policies and activities based on the social needs and realities and not on oversimplified models and stereotypes.

Originality/value
– Our paper proposes a novel approach to e-participation, which exploits the Web 2.0 social media – but in a quite different way from previous approaches – for conducting “passive crowdsourcing”, and elaborates it: it develops an application process model for it and also an ICT infrastructure for supporting it, which are quite different from the ones of the existing “active crowdsourcing” approaches.
Webcams and virtual teams: an impact model
Authors: D. Olson Joel , D. Appunn Frank , A. McAllister Chad , K. Walters Kimberly , Grinnell Lynn 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to address the question, “What is the impact of web-based video via webcams on virtual team trust and effectiveness?” Change and evolution in team perceptions over time are described. The result is the creation of a theoretical model describing the effect of webcams on virtual team development.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative phenomenological heuristic case study was used to explore the individual expectations and experiences of the team members over a six-week period. To strengthen reliability and validity, two qualitative methods, content analysis and constant comparative analysis — a means of grounded theory, were used to both test the historic basis of the existing literature on trust and effectiveness in virtual teams and to explore how the use of webcams influenced the work, interactions and effectiveness of a virtual team. Both qualitative methods involved different pairs of researchers using inter-rater coefficients to address coding reliability and validity. Results from the two methods were then compared and contrasted.

Findings
– The resulting model highlights the importance of ongoing, formal differentiated training on new technology. This research also suggests careful management of technology change and its deployment to enhance outcomes of various organization forms.

Research limitations/implications
– Given the nature of the qualitative study, the findings are not generalizable, but may illumine the understanding of webcams and technology adaptation in similar virtual teams.

Practical implications
– The resulting model highlights the importance of ongoing, formal differentiated training on new technology. This research also suggests careful management of technology change and its deployment to enhance outcomes of various organization forms. The study incorporates Technology Acceptance Theory and applications of the Kirton Adaptation-Innovation Inventory.

Originality/value
– With the increase in bandwidth on the Internet, technologies such as webcams have become more viable for use in virtual teams.
Supply chain management of teamwork: six guidelines for success
Authors: Shetach Ana 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to draw on know-how from the study of Team and Project Management, to seek insights into enhancing the effectiveness of supply chain management (SCM) ventures, with the aim of contributing to their effective and efficient decision-making and operation processes.Design/methodology/approach– Based on an analysis of the obstacles that may stand in the way of the efficient implementation of SCM processes, six specific conditions for such mega-projects’ success are proposed. A couple of practical tools for their attainment are presented.Findings– The article suggests that the construction of the teams involved, as well as the working procedures that may render their work effective, should be flexible and made adaptable to the specific assignment or case, which is handled by each team,at the time; and that the optimal set of procedures to adopt, throughout the working sessions of the teams, which are involved in the process, are those which will gear the team with the means to contribute to the eventual materializing and finalization of a quality and practical set of decisions for the benefit of the overall SCM process.Practical implications– The article offers a practical step-by-step set of six guidelines to lead executives and managers of SCM processes toward a relatively high level of control in the establishment of effective and efficient team-decision-making and implementation processes within SCM inter-and intra-organizational teams.Originality/value– Limited attention has been given in the literature to the studying of practical and applicable managerial techniques for successful decision-implementation processes in SCM teams. This article focuses on this neglected domain, proposing a solution, in the form of an integrative micro-level SCM operational strategy.
The multifaceted roles of the interspecies signalling molecule indole in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Lee Jin‐Hyung , Kim Yong‐Guy , Baek Kwang‐Hyun , Cho Moo Hwan , Lee Jintae 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBacteria utilize signal molecules to ensure their survival in environmental niches, and indole is an interspecies and interkingdom signalling molecule, which is widespread in the natural environment. In this study, we sought to identify novel roles of indole in soil‐borne bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was found not to synthesize indole and to degrade it rapidly. The addition of exogenous indole dose‐dependently inhibited A. tumefaciens growth and decreased its motility. Surprisingly, indole markedly increased A. tumefaciens biofilm formation on polystyrene, glass and nylon membrane surfaces and enhanced its antibiotic tolerance. Transcriptional analysis showed that indole markedly up‐regulated several biofilm‐related (celA, cheA, exoR, phoB, flgE, fliR and motA), stress‐related genes (clpB, dnaK, gsp, gyrB, marR and soxR) and efflux genes (emrA, norM, and Atu2551) in A. tumefaciens, which partially explained the increased biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance. In contrast, the plant auxin indole‐3‐acetic acid did not affect biofilm formation, antibiotic tolerance or gene expression. Interestingly, indole was found to exhibit several similarities with antibiotics, as it inhibited the growth of non‐indole‐producing bacteria, whereas these bacteria countered its effects by rapidly degrading indole, and by enhancing biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance.
Domestic adjustment costs, interdependence and dissent in the Council of the European Union
Authors: Arregui Javier , Thomson Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLiberal international relations theory posits that the behaviour of states is affected both by domestic interests and other states with which they are linked in significant patterns of interdependence. This article examines the relevance of this proposition to states' behaviour in the most powerful institution in the furthest reaching example of regional integration in the world today: the Council of the European Union. Compared to previous research, more detailed evidence is analysed in this article on the substance of the political debates that preceded Council votes. It is found that states' disagreement with both discretionary and nondiscretionary decision outcomes affects the likelihood that they dissent at the voting stage. Moreover, in line with the theory posited here, the behaviour of states' significant trading partners has a particularly marked effect on the likelihood that they will dissent.
Persistence of firm‐level profitability in the European dairy processing industry
Authors: Hirsch Stefan , Hartmann Monika 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBased on autoregressive (AR) models and Arellano‐Bond dynamic panel estimation, this article analyses profit persistence in the European dairy processing industry. The sample comprises 590 dairy processors from the following five countries: Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The AR models indicate that cooperatives which account for around 20% of all firms in the dairy processing sector are not primarily profit oriented. In addition, the results point toward a high level of competition as profit persistence is rather low even if cooperatives are excluded. The panel model reveals that short‐ as well as long‐run profit persistence is influenced by firm and industry characteristics.
Italian external and multicentric validation of the MD Anderson Cancer Center nomogram and prognostic index for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients: analysis of 1502 cases
Authors: Gentile Massimo , Mauro Francesca R. , Rossi Davide , Vincelli Iolanda , Tripepi Giovanni , Recchia Anna G. , De Stefano Laura , Campanelli Melissa , Giannarelli Diana , Bossio Sabrina , Morabito Lucio , Vigna Ernesto , Gaidano Gianluca , Foà Robin , Morabito Fortunato 
Published: July 2014

SummaryWe performed an external and multicentric validation of the nomogram and prognostic index (PI) proposed by the MD Anderson Cancer Center to prognostically stratify chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients in 1502 CLL cases. All six parameters involved in the nomogram and PI (age, sex, absolute lymphocyte count, number of lymph node groups, Rai stage and β2‐microglobulin) were independently associated with survival. The nomogram was accurate in predicting survival (c‐index = 0·82). According to the PI, 38·7% of patients were at low‐risk, 58·3% at intermediate‐risk and 3% at high‐risk. The estimated median survival times were: not reached for low‐risk, 13·4 years for intermediate‐risk and 3·4 years for high‐risk. The estimated median and 5‐year survival by PI were similar to those originally reported. The PI remained a predictor of survival when analysis was limited to 847 Rai stage 0 (P < 0·0001) and 151 clinical monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (cMBL) cases (P = 0·033). Finally, the PI allowed prediction of time to therapy in all patients (P < 0·0001), in Rai 0 (P < 0·0001) and in cMBL cases (P = 0·044). Our results confirm the ability of the PI to predict prognosis, even in early stage disease cases. The study also extended the utility of the PI to cMBL cases.
A clinical prospective study on alveolar bone augmentation and dental implant success in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Erdogan Özgür , Uçar Yurdanur , Tatlı Ufuk , Sert Murat , Benlidayı Mehmet Emre , Evlice Burcu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this prospective, controlled clinical study was to determine the outcomes of dental implant therapy with staged guided bone regeneration procedures in patients with type 2 diabetes.Patients and methodsTwenty‐four patients were included in the study. Half of the patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (group 1) while the other half (group 2) of the patients consisted of patients without diabetes. The edentulous maxillary anterior/premolar regions with sufficient vertical height but inadequate horizontal width were treated with staged guided bone regeneration technique and with one or two implant‐supported fixed restorations. The patients were followed up at least for 12 months. The parameters that were evaluated were radiographic evaluations on CBCT images and periapical radiographs, histomorphometric analysis, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and wound‐healing parameters. The data were analyzed statistically.ResultsA total of 43 implants were placed in 24 patients (22 implants in group 1 and 21 implants in group 2). The survival rates of implants were 100% for both groups. The success rate of implants was 95% for group 1 and 100% for group 2. None of the parameters including CBCT findings, RFA values, success rates and wound‐healing scores showed a significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionStaged guided bone regeneration is a feasible augmentation procedure for the treatment of horizontal bone deficiencies of the maxillary anterior/premolar regions in well‐controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
Nondisseminated histoplasmosis of the trachea
Authors: Bhojwani Nicholas , Hartman Jason Brett , Taylor David C. , Herbert Mark , Corriveau Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHistoplasma capsulatum can rarely affect the trachea. We report the case of a 68‐year‐old woman with rheumatoid arthritis on immunosuppressive therapy who presented with fevers, worsening shortness of breath, nonproductive cough and subjective throat hoarseness and fullness. Chest computed tomography demonstrated no tracheal findings. Bronchoscopy found mucosal irregularity, nodularity and vesicular regions in the proximal trachea extending seven centimeters distal to the vocal cords. Also seen was an edematous, exudative left vocal cord with polyps and an ulcerative lesion. Silver staining and culture and wash of the tracheal biopsy revealed Histoplasma capsulatum. She was treated with oral itraconazole then briefly on intravenous amphotericin for rising Histoplasma urinary antigen levels. She continued treatment 24 months following diagnosis with minimal dyspnea. Histoplasma tracheitis has been proposed as an indicator of disseminated infection. However, our patient did not demonstrate other organ manifestations. Histoplasma tracheitis should be considered in a differential diagnosis of tracheal lesions even in the absence of systemic involvement.
Tuning the developing brain to emotional body expressions
Authors: Missana Manuela , Atkinson Anthony P. , Grossmann Tobias 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReading others' emotional body expressions is an essential social skill. Adults readily recognize emotions from body movements. However, it is unclear when in development infants become sensitive to bodily expressed emotions. We examined event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) in 4‐ and 8‐month‐old infants in response to point‐light displays (PLDs) of happy and fearful body expressions presented in two orientations (upright and inverted). The ERP results revealed that 8‐month‐olds but not 4‐month‐olds respond sensitively to the orientation and the emotion of the dynamic expressions. Specifically, 8‐month‐olds showed (i) an early (200–400 ms) orientation‐sensitive positivity over frontal and central electrodes, and (ii) a late (700–1100 ms) emotion‐sensitive positivity over temporal and parietal electrodes in the right hemisphere. These findings suggest that orientation‐sensitive and emotion‐sensitive brain processes, distinct in timing and topography, develop between 4 and 8 months of age.