bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising the biophysical properties of normal and hyperkeratotic foot skin
Authors: Hashmi Farina , Nester Christopher , Wright Ciaran , Newton Veronica , Lam Sharon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundPlantar foot skin exhibits unique biophysical properties that are distinct from skin on other areas of the body. This paper characterises, using non‐invasive methods, the biophysical properties of foot skin in healthy and pathological states including xerosis, heel fissures, calluses and corns.MethodsNinety three people participated. Skin hydration, elasticity, collagen and elastin fibre organisation and surface texture was measured from plantar calluses, corns, fissured heel skin and xerotic heel skin. Previously published criteria were applied to classify the severity of each skin lesion and differences in the biophysical properties compared between each classification.ResultsCalluses, corns, xerotic heel skin and heel fissures had significantly lower levels of hydration; less elasticity and greater surface texture than unaffected skin sites (p < 0.01). Some evidence was found for a positive correlation between hydration and elasticity data (r ≤ 0.65) at hyperkeratotic sites. Significant differences in skin properties (with the exception of texture) were noted between different classifications of skin lesion.ConclusionsThis study provides benchmark data for healthy and different severities of pathological foot skin. These data have applications ranging from monitoring the quality of foot skin, to measuring the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
CO2 Adsorption Performance of Mesoporous Ceria with Co-adsorbed Water
Authors: Kamimura Yoshihiro , Endo Akira 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We investigated the CO2 adsorption of mesoporous ceria under high humidity. In the presence of co-adsorbed water, mesoporous ceria sustained reversible CO2 adsorption–desorption behavior with a high CO2 uptake, whereas zeolite 13X exhibited almost no CO2 adsorption under these conditions over a wide pressure range. In situ FT-IR data showed that the adsorbed CO2 on the ceria surface was primarily in the form of hydrogen carbonate, and that this state was not changed even after water vapor was introduced.
Correction of coronal alignment correlates with reconstruction of joint height in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kuwashima U. , Okazaki K. , Tashiro Y. , Mizu-Uchi H. , Hamai S. , Okamoto S. , Murakami K. , Iwamoto Y. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesBecause there have been no standard methods to determine pre-operatively the thickness of resection of the proximal tibia in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), information about the relationship between the change of limb alignment and the joint line elevation would be useful for pre-operative planning. The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between the change of limb alignment and the change of joint line height at the medial compartment after UKA.MethodsA consecutive series of 42 medial UKAs was reviewed retrospectively. These patients were assessed radiographically both pre- and post-operatively with standing anteroposterior radiographs. The thickness of bone resection at the proximal tibia and the distal femur was measured radiographically. The relationship between the change of femorotibial angle (δFTA) and the change of joint line height, was analysed.ResultsThe mean pre- and post-operative FTA was 180.5° (172.2° to 184.8°) and 175.0° (168.5° to 178.9°), respectively. The mean δFTA was 5.5° (2.3° to 10.1°). The joint line elevation of the tibia (JLET) was 4.4 mm (2.1 to 7.8). The δFTA was correlated with the JLET (correlation coefficient 0.494, p = 0.0009).ConclusionsThis study indicated that there is a significant correlation between the change of limb alignment and joint line elevation. This observation suggests that it is possible to know the requirement of elevation of the joint line to obtain the desired correction of limb alignment, and to predict the requirement of bone resection of the proximal tibia pre-operatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:128–133
Un estudio de caso sobre errores y dificultades observadas en la elaboración de algunas gráficas estadísticas
Authors: Ruiz Molano Angélica Marcela 
Published: August 2015

<p>El presente artículo busca recuperar los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo dentro la asignatura de práctica intermedia III, correspondiente a sexto semestre del proyecto curricular Licenciatura en educación básica con énfasis en matemáticas LEBEM de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo mediante un estudio de caso, observando lo realizado por los estudiantes de grado quinto en la aplicación del instrumento de investigación y llevando un análisis centrado en los errores y dificultades en la elaboración de gráficos estadísticos, que fueron realizados por niños entre 10 a 14 años de edad. Además se tuvo en cuenta el desarrollo de los tres momentos que realiza el docente: una fase pre activa, interactiva y pos activa. Para organizar y analizar los resultados se realizó una clasificación en indicadores de análisis observables. Se consideraron varias tesis para la determinación de los niveles de comprensión de los gráficos, que permitieron identificar errores y dificultades frecuentes en la elaboración de los gráficos estadísticos, consultando investigaciones anteriores. </p>
Argumentación en la escuela primaria: trabajo colaborativo y B-learning
Authors: Torres Escobar Adriana Carolina 
Published: August 2015

Esta investigación de corte cualitativo y con diseño de investigación-acción se interesa en cualificar los argumentos escritos de estudiantes de tercer ciclo. Durante las intervenciones se planteó a los estudiantes preguntas controversiales relacionadas con problemáticas de su entorno e interés para que ellos desde la escritura como proceso lograran construir argumentos. Lo anterior, apoyado desde el trabajo colaborativo en un ambiente de aprendizaje Blended learning (ambiente presencial y ambiente virtual). En todo el proceso de intervención de la investigación los estudiantes trabajaron colaborativamente empleando estrategias de planificación, revisión y corrección de información en los dos ambientes. A partir de la experiencia investigativa en el aula, se hace una propuesta dirigida a docentes de tercer ciclo para favorecer el proceso de argumentación escrita.
Early Modern Sovereignty and Its Limits
Authors: Straumann Benjamin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMy Article seeks to explore a few antecedents of the idea that sovereignty may be encumbered with some obligations and duties vis-à-vis non-sovereigns and even strangers. Theories about limitations on sovereignty and obligations on the part of sovereigns often arose out of the fertile conceptual ground of Roman private law, in particular rules of property law governing usufruct and rules of contract law, such as those governing mandate. Early modern thinkers, especially Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), built on these ideas and, in addition, developed an account of moral and legal obligations arising, independently of God’s will, from a universal human nature. Building on Cicero, Grotius was among the first early-modern thinkers to elaborate the distinction between “perfect” duties of justice and “imperfect” duties of beneficence, an important idea that had wide influence through the work of Emer de Vattel (1714-1767). The Article closes by offering a few observations on the trajectories within which Professor Benvenisti’s concept of “sovereigns as trustees of humanity” could be situated.
Adjustment of the Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) Outpatient: An Initial Report
Authors: Cavanaugh JL , Wasyliw OE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Adjustment to outpatient treatment of not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) patients following discharge from inpatient settings was explored by following 44 subjects in a 2-year, longitudinal study. Data obtained for each subject included demographic characteristics, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Research Diagnostic Criteria (SADS-RDC) diagnosis, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Repeated measures included the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Change Form (SADS-C), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), and Holmes ahe Inventory. No recidivism occurred for any crime against persons, 25% of subjects were rehospitalized, and those subjects remaining in outpatient treatment showed a general pattern of stable to modestly improving functioning. Implications for safe and effective community treatment of NGRI acquittees are discussed.
Enzyme Assays for the Identification of Gastric Fluid
Authors: Lee HC , Gaensslen RE , Galvin C , Pagliaro EM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Simple, reliable procedures for the assay of pepsin and rennin-like enzyme activities are described as a means of identifying gastric fluid-containing samples in forensic science laboratories. These samples are usually vomitus, or stomach contents originating from wounds that perforate the stomach. They may be encountered at scenes or on articles submitted for examination, in fresh form or as dried stains. The pepsin activity assay is based on proteolytic activity with bovine albumin as substrate and the rennin-like activity assay is based on the coagulation of milk protein.
Fatal Malignant Hyperthermia as a Result of Ingestion of Tranylcypromine (Parnate®) Combined with White Wine and Cheese
Authors: Mirchandani H , Reich LE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fatal malignant hyperthermia occurred in a patient who was taking tranylcypromine (Parnate®) and ingested wine and cheese. The case findings are presented along with a review of the literature concerning adverse interactions between monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and certain foods and beverages. Hyperthermia and its possible causative mechanisms and treatments are discussed. The facts suggest that the complicated dietary restrictions attending the use of MAO inhibitors and the possibility of severe and even catastrophic reactions resulting from violations of these restrictions make the use of these drugs fraught with danger and therefore not a first choice for the treatment of depression.
Evaluation of Antisera for Bloodstain Grouping II. Ss, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and Gm/Km
Authors: Gaensslen RE , Lee HC , Pagliaro EM , Bremser JK , Carroll-Reho J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Thirty-one different examples of commercially available blood grouping antisera specific for the S, s, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, and Jkb antigens and anti-human globulin sera were serologically evaluated with red cells and in absorption-elution tests to determine their applicability to bloodstain antigen determinations. Nineteen examples of commercially available antisera specific for various Gm and Km antigens and their corresponding anti-D reagents were likewise evaluated in inhibition tests with sera and bloodstains. Elution tests with the blood grouping antisera and inhibition tests with the Gm/Km antisera on a series of aging bloodstains on cotton cloth, and on bloodstains on a number of different substrata, demonstrated that properly evaluated commercial antisera are useful reagents for bloodstain grouping in forensic serology.
Fluorescence of Petroleum Products I. Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Plots of Motor Oils and Lubricants
Authors: Siegel JA , Fisher J , Gilna C , Spadafora A , Krupp D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The technique of three-dimensional fluorescence is employed in the analysis of unused motor oils and selected machine lubricants. This technique provides much more spectral information than is available from conventional forms of fluorescence spectroscopy. A method for direct comparison of three-dimensional plots to determine if a common source exists is also presented.
Positive Identification of Torn Burned Matches with Emphasis on Crosscut and Torn Fiber Comparisons
Authors: Dixon KC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Torn paper match examinations are one of the important types of examinations made by the Document Section of the FBI Laboratory and are probably some of the least heard about and least publicized examinations made by this laboratory. These examinations have often been extremely important and conclusive, particularly in investigations involving arson on both federal and nonfederal properties, espionage, burglary and breaking and entering, as well as in at least one prison escape case.
This paper will delineate the basic conditions of identifying torn burned matches with a matchbook, and in particular a method whereby positive identifications can be effected entirely by what will be referred to as crosscut and torn fiber comparisons. It will describe two elements of comparison that, to the author's knowledge, have not been previously used in torn match identifications. These elements require high magnification examinations of crosscut and torn fibers and foreign bodies embedded in the paper matrix, called inclusions, which, when properly interpreted, will allow positive identifications where other elements of comparison are inconclusive. This method in theory is basically a simple side-by-side comparison procedure, as are most all other crime laboratory comparisons. However, in practice, it is a very painstaking, time-consuming, and difficult comparison method, requiring extreme caution.
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Range of Fire Based on the Spread of Buckshot Patterns
Authors: Wray JL , McNeil JE , Rowe WF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three methods of measuring the spread of shotgun pellet patterns for the purpose of estimating the range of fire were applied to a series of 72 00 buckshot patterns test-fired at distances ranging from 3.6 to 10.7 m (12 to 35 ft). The methods applied were (1) the “effective shot dispersion” method of Mattoo and Nabar, (2) a method in which the area of the smallest circumscribed rectangle that will just enclose the pellet pattern is calculated, and (3) an overlay method for determining the radius of the smallest circumscribed circle that will just enclose the pellet pattern. Regression analysis was applied to the resulting measurements of the spread of the pellet patterns. The “effective shot dispersion” was found to give the best fit to a linear function and the best range-of-fire estimates. The area of the pellet patterns was found to be a quadratic function of the range of fire; this measure of pellet pattern spread was also found to have very large shot-to-shot variations. The square root of the area of the pellet pattern was found to be a linear function of the range and to give acceptable range-of-fire estimates.
Excerpts and Comments on Testimony by Document Examiners in Regard to State of New Jersey v. Bruno Richard Hauptmann
Authors: Osborn PA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Eight questioned document examiners from different parts of the country conducted individual studies and comparisons of questioned writing and printing on fourteen anonymous ransom notes with known specimens of writing by the defendant Bruno Richard Hauptmann. Testimony was given at the Lindbergh kidnapping trial, held in Flemington, NJ in 1935, identifying the notes as having been written by the same person and that that person was the defendant. No other case in the history of the country had produced so many individuals who testified on the identification of handwriting. The international publicity of the trial and the importance of the identification of the ransom notes also made this case one of the milestones in the history of forensic document examination. This paper describes certain highlights of the testimony rendered by the eight document examiners. Without delving into the evidence itself, it illustrates and compares the procedures, methods, and terminology of the different witnesses on both direct and cross-examination. It shows the high degree of skill and preparedness by well-qualified document examiners and should be an inspiration to experienced practitioners as well as an education to students in the field of questioned documents today.
The Impact of a Change in Commitment Procedures on the Character of Involuntary Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Levinson RM , Briggs RP , Ratner CH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The statutory requirements for involuntary civil psychiatric confinement have become increasingly restrictive. In the jurisdiction under investigation, patients were originally admitted under an Order to Apprehend (OTA) procedure simply on the petition of two affiants who indicated the patient was in need of care. A newly elected judge instituted changes requiring affiants to claim the subject was “dangerous” to self or others and asking for a clinical assessment and recommendation before signing the petitioned request for involuntary confinement. It might be expected that the more restrictive procedures would have produced a population of more assaultive patients. A study of petitions signed under in the earlier (N = 133) and later, more restrictive (N = 218) procedures indicated that the proportion of assaultive or dangerous patients was virtually identical. Further investigation, using hospital data an OTA patients from this area in both time periods, suggested that while patients were not more assaultive, they appeared to be more seriously ill or psychiatrically impaired. Apparently, movement to a dangerousness standard that allows clinical discretion in interpreting its presence may result in involuntary commitments for more seriously ill, although not necessarily more assaultive, patients.
Metropolitan Forensic Anthropology Team (MFAT) Case Studies in Identification: 2. Identification of a Vietnamese Trophy Skull
Authors: Taylor JV , Roh L , Goldman AD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A Vietnamese trophy skull, apparently a victim of the Vietnam war, was recently received for analysis in a New York State homicide case. The skull, which is well preserved except for the missing mandible and maxillary dentition, is compared to trophy skulls of Japanese military personnel, also brought back to the United States by American soldiers following wartime duty in Asia.
The Occurrence of Trace Evidence in One Examiner's Casework
Authors: Petraco N 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study reviews the occurrence of trace evidence in routine casework from 1977 through 1983. Four primary categories of trace evidence are described. Each item of trace evidence was placed into one of the four primary categories. The occurrence of each category was evaluated for six different crime classifications over a period of seven years. The diversity of the trace evidence encountered, and the locations from which it was obtained, was also examined and evaluated.
The Analysis of Soil Samples by Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Wavelength Ratioing
Authors: Siegel JA , Precord C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The technique of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is investigated for the forensic analysis of soils. Unlike in previous works on this subject, the method of detection of the peaks is modified to include detection at two different wavelengths in the ultraviolet and the ratio of the absorption intensities is determined and displayed. The results show that the chromatograms of all of the soil samples studied differ from each other quantitatively but not all can be differentiated qualitatively. It is concluded that this method of analysis is an excellent presumptive test but has not been proven to be individualizing. To increase the probative value of the test, another method of separation and perhaps detection must be chosen.
Analysis of Explosives by Liquid Chromatography-Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Parker CE , Voyksner RD , Tondeur Y , Henion JD , Harvan DJ , Hass JR , Yinon J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
On-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry has been used for the analysis of explosives mixtures. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) interface used was a commercial direct liquid introduction interface allowing about 1% of the solvent/sample effluent into the ion source. The HPLC mobile phases were acetronitrile/water (50:50) and methanol/water (50:50), which served also as NCI reagent gases. Standard mixtures containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclonite (RDX), tetryl, and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and a military explosive, tetrytol, have been analyzed by the LC/MS system. The minimum detectable amount of TNT was 100 ng injected on column, or approximately 1 ng to the ion source.
Costs of Venous Thromboembolism, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, and Pressure Ulcer
Authors: Goudie Anthony , Dynan Linda , Brady Patrick W. , Fieldston Evan , Brilli Richard J. , Walsh Kathleen E. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:To estimate differences in the length of stay (LOS) and costs for comparable pediatric patients with and without venous thromboembolism (VTE), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and pressure ulcer (PU).METHODS:We identified at-risk children 1 to 17 years old with inpatient discharges in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We used a high dimensional propensity score matching method to adjust for case-mix at the patient level then estimated differences in the LOS and costs for comparable pediatric patients with and without VTE, CAUTI, and PU.RESULTS:Incidence rates were 32 (VTE), 130 (CAUTI), and 3 (PU) per 10 000 at-risk patient discharges. Patients with VTE had an increased 8.1 inpatient days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.9 to 12.3) and excess average costs of $27 686 (95% CI: $11 137 to $44 235) compared with matched controls. Patients with CAUTI had an increased 2.4 inpatient days (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.6) and excess average costs of $7200 (95% CI: $2224 to $12 176). No statistical differences were found between patients with and without PU.CONCLUSIONS:The significantly extended LOS highlights the substantial morbidity associated with these potentially preventable events. Hospitals seeking to develop programs targeting VTE and CAUTI should consider the improved turnover of beds made available by each event prevented.
Mesoscale Characterization of Nanoparticles Distribution Using X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Gommes Cedric J. , Prieto Gonzalo , Zecevic Jovana , Vanhalle Maja , Goderis Bart , de Jong Krijn P. , de Jongh Petra E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe properties of many functional materials depend critically on the spatial distribution of an active phase within a support. In the case of solid catalysts, controlling the spatial distribution of metal (oxide) nanoparticles at the mesoscopic scale offers new strategies to tune their performance and enhance their lifetimes. However, such advanced control requires suitable characterization methods, which are currently scarce. Here, we show how the background in small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns can be analyzed to quantitatively access the mesoscale distribution of nanoparticles within supports displaying hierarchical porosity. This is illustrated for copper catalysts supported on meso‐ and microporous silica displaying distinctly different metal distributions. Results derived from X‐ray scattering are in excellent agreement with electron tomography. Our strategy opens unprecedented prospects for understanding the properties and to guide the synthesis of a wide array of functional nanomaterials.