bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ilha de Vera Cruz: um arquipélago de formações
Authors: De Moura Mara Parisi 
Published: May 2014

Este artigo apresenta um projeto social da Escola Vera Cruz: Ilha de Vera Cruz, que oferece educação de jovens, adultos e idosos desde a alfabetização até o ensino fundamental II e a formação dos professores e monitores voluntários que atuam neste projeto. Abrange, também, o histórico, a metodologia, a concepção e a principal vertente do trabalho, ou seja, a formação qualificada dos profissionais voluntários focada em duas frentes.
Influence of Glutathione on Kinetic Parameters of Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa from Ovchepolian Pramenka Rams
Authors: Nikolovski Martin , Mickov Ljupco , Dovenska Monika , Petkov Vladimir , Atanasov Branko , Dovenski Toni 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Motility patterns of spermatozoa are an indicator of their fertilizing capacity. Reduced glutathione (GSH) has been reported to induce positive effects on the biological quality of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSH addition to semen extender based on the following kinetic parameters: continuous line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), beat cross frequency (BCF), total motility (tMOT) and progressive motility (pMOT), and to appoint them as indicators of its presence. A soybean-based extender was used for dilution of the semen samples, fractioned in two parts, one containing GSH (5 mMol/ml) and second without GSH. The ejaculates (n=48) were collected from two rams (January - May, 2013) which were classified in two groups according to the used extender: Group 1 (with GSH, n=24) and Group 2 (without GSH, n=24), and then frozen in liquid nitrogen on -196°C degrees in a programmable freezer. Assessment of the samples has been performed post-thawing (30 sec. at 37°C) on CASA equipment, acquiring kinetic parameters. Results showed that only VSL and BCF have a statistically significant difference between group1 and group 2 (102.98±15.13 vs. 88.47±20.63, t=2.77, p<0.01 and 32.01±2.68 vs. 89.47±2.92, t=3.13, p<0.01, respectively). The summary of the investigation concludes that none of the kinetic parameters could be appointed as indicators that confer the positive effect of GSH as an additive to soy-bean semen extender.
Insights for Research and Practice: What We Learn about Fraud from Other Disciplines
Authors: Trompeter Gregory M. , Carpenter Tina D. , Jones Keith L. , Riley Richard A. 
Published: May 2014

SYNOPSISWe survey academic literature from non-accounting publications related to fraud and financial crimes: (1) to better understand the nature and extent of fraud acts from the perspective of non-accounting research; (2) to share with accounting researchers and practitioners ideas, theories, variables, constructs, and research designs used in other fields that might inform anti-fraud research and actions in accounting; and (3) to highlight opportunities for future research. This project extends the work of Hogan, Rezaee, Riley, and Velury (2008) and Trompeter, Carpenter, Desai, Jones, and Riley (2013) who completed fraud research synthesis projects in conjunction with the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association for the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Our literature survey goes beyond immediate practice concerns and summarizes fraud-related literature that might inform research as well as practice in the future from approximately 30 journals in criminology, ethics, psychology, and sociology.
Le groupe logico-mathématique : une fabrique du nombre pour enfants présentant des troubles d'apprentissage des mathématiques
Authors: Bernardeau Corinne , Devaux Marie-Claude , Josso-Faurite Claire , Scalabrini Jérôme 
Published: May 2014

Alors que la plupart des praticiens se trouvent désorientés devant les graves échecs que présentent certains enfants dès leurs premiers apprentissages mathématiques, le présent travail relate huit années d’expérience, à l’unité de psychopathologie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent du centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, avec des jeunes « débutants » consultant pour incompréhension massive du domaine numérique. C’est à leur intention que des nouvelles modalités de prise en charge ont été progressivement élaborées. Les séances de travail en petits groupes réunissant, à chaque rentrée des classes, une dizaine d’enfants et deux « meneurs de jeu » (psychologues et/ou orthophonistes), selon un rythme hebdomadaire, a permis une prise en charge dynamique et efficace de jeunes écoliers en conflit avec les représentations du nombre, que celles-ci soient absentes ou, au contraire, envahissantes. Au cours de ces rencontres, jeux et échanges divers, le « groupe logico-mathématique » propose un lieu d’élaboration en commun où, hors d’une visée étroitement pédagogique, les « apprentis » en peine peuvent, dans une perspective thérapeutique, interroger les universaux pour mieux les « apprivoiser » suivant des trajets qui leur conviennent et leur permettent certaines formes d’appropriation.
Le placement sous surveillance électronique : espace et visibilité du châtiment virtuel
Authors: Allaria Camille 
Published: May 2014

Nous faisons l’hypothèse que le mouvement de déterritorialisation de la sanction dans le placement sous surveillance électronique des condamnés, relève d’un double mécanisme : la disparition des aspects les plus tangibles du modèle de l’institution carcérale et la visibilité, grâce à la trace numérique, de l’espace intime du condamné. L’abandon du « corps enfermé » est rendu possible par une rationalisation et une normalisation de l’espace géographique de la peine, à distance.
Antigen-Dependent versus -Independent Activation of Invariant NKT Cells during Infection
Authors: Holzapfel Keli L. , Tyznik Aaron J. , Kronenberg Mitchell , Hogquist Kristin A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
CD1d-reactive invariant NKT cells (iNKT) play a vital role in determining the characteristics of immune responses to infectious agents. Previous reports suggest that iNKT cell activation during infection can be: 1) solely driven by cytokines from innate immune cells, 2) require microbial Ag, or 3) require self-Ag. In this study, we examined the role of Ag receptor stimulation in iNKT cells during several bacterial and viral infections. To test for Ag receptor signaling, Nur77gfp BAC transgenic mice, which upregulate GFP in response to Ag receptor but not inflammatory signals, were analyzed. iNKT cells in the reporter mice infected with mouse CMV produced IFN-γ but did not upregulate GFP, consistent with their reported CD1d-independent activation. However, two bacteria known to produce lipid Ags for iNKT cells induced GFP expression and cytokine production. In contrast, although Salmonella typhimurium was proposed to induce the presentation of a self-lipid, iNKT cells produced IFN-γ but did not upregulate GFP postinfection in vivo. Even in CD1d-deficient hosts, iNKT cells were still able to produce IFN-γ after S. typhimurium infection. Furthermore, although it has been proposed that endogenous lipid presentation is a result of TLR stimulation of APCs, injection of different TLR agonists led to iNKT cell IFN-γ but not increased GFP expression. These data indicate that robust iNKT cell responses to bacteria, as well as viruses, can be obtained in the absence of antigenic stimulation.
Tidal energy conversion in a global hot spot: On the 3‐D dynamics of baroclinic tides at the Celtic Sea shelf break
Authors: Vlasenko Vasiliy , Stashchuk Nataliya , Inall Mark E. , Hopkins Joanne E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGlobally, the Celtic Sea shelf break is ranked highest as an energetic “hot spot” of tidal energy conversion, therefore making it the most significant contributor to global internal tidal energy flux. In this paper, the three‐dimensional dynamics of baroclinic tides in the shelf‐slope area of the Celtic Sea was investigated numerically and using observational data collected on the 376th cruise of the RV “RRS Discovery” in June 2012. The time series recorded at a shelf break mooring showed that semidiurnal internal waves were accompanied by packets of internal solitary waves with maximum amplitudes up to 105 m, the largest internal waves ever recorded in the Celtic Sea, and ranking among the largest observed in the global ocean. The observed baroclinic wavefields were replicated numerically using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. A fine‐resolution grid with 115 m horizontal and 10 m vertical steps allowed the identification of two classes of short‐scale internal waves. The first classification was generated over headlands and resembles spiral‐type internal waves that are typical for isolated underwater banks. The second classification, generated within an area of several canyons, revealed properties of quasi‐planar internal wave packets. The observed in situ intensification of tidal bottom currents at the shelf break mooring is explained in terms of a tidal beam that was formed over supercritical bottom topography at the mooring location.
Forcing mechanisms of intraseasonal SST variability off central Peru in 2000–2008
Authors: Illig Serena , Dewitte Boris , Goubanova Katerina , Cambon Gildas , Boucharel Julien , Monetti Florian , Romero Carlos , Purca Sara , Flores Roberto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Sea Surface Temperature (SST) intraseasonal variability (40–90 days) along the coast of Peru is commonly attributed to the efficient oceanic connection with the equatorial variability. Here we investigate the respective roles of local and remote equatorial forcing on the intraseasonal SST variability off central Peru (8°S–16°S) during the 2000–2008 period, based on the experimentation with a regional ocean model. We conduct model experiments with different open lateral boundary conditions and/or surface atmospheric forcing (i.e., climatological or not). Despite evidence of clear propagations of coastal trapped waves of equatorial origin and the comparable marked seasonal cycle in intraseasonal Kelvin wave activity and coastal SST variability (i.e., peak in Austral summer), this remote equatorial forcing only accounts for ∼20% of the intraseasonal SST regime, which instead is mainly forced by the local winds and heat fluxes. A heat budget analysis further reveals that during the Austral summer, despite the weak along‐shore upwelling (downwelling) favorable wind stress anomalies, significant cool (warm) SST anomalies along the coast are to a large extent driven by Ekman‐induced advection. This is shown to be due to the shallow mixed layer that increases the efficiency by which wind stress anomalies relates to SST through advection. Diabatic processes also contribute to the SST intraseasonal regime, which tends to shorten the lag between peak SST and wind stress anomalies compared to what is predicted from an advective mixed‐layer model.
How does the Redi parameter for mesoscale mixing impact global climate in an Earth System Model?
Authors: Pradal Marie‐Aude , Gnanadesikan Anand 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA coupled climate model is used to examine the impact of an increase in the mixing due to mesoscale eddies on the global climate system. A sixfold increase in the Redi mixing coefficient ARedi, which is within the admissible range of variation, has the overall effect of warming the global‐mean surface air and sea surface temperatures by more than 1°C. Locally, sea surface temperatures increase by up to 7°C in the North Pacific and by up to 4°C in the Southern Ocean, with corresponding impacts on the ice concentration and ice extent in polar regions. However, it is not clear that the changes in heat transport from tropics to poles associated with changing this coefficient are primarily responsible for these changes. We found that the changes in the transport of heat are often much smaller than changes in long‐wave trapping and short‐wave absorption. Additionally, changes in the advective and diffusive transport of heat toward the poles often oppose each other. However, we note that the poleward transport of salt increases near the surface as ARedi increases. We suggest a causal chain in which enhanced eddy stirring leads to increased high‐latitude surface salinity reducing salt stratification and water column stability and enhancing convection, triggering two feedback loops. In one, deeper convection prevents sea ice formation, which decreases albedo, which increases SW absorption, further increasing SST and decreasing sea ice formation. In the other, increased SST and reduced sea ice allow for more water vapor in the atmosphere, trapping long‐wave radiation. Destratifying the polar regions is thus a potential way in which changes in ocean circulation might warm the planet.
Radiation environment at the Moon: Comparisons of transport code modeling and measurements from the CRaTER instrument
Authors: Porter Jamie A. , Townsend Lawrence W. , Spence Harlan , Golightly Michael , Schwadron Nathan , Kasper Justin , Case Anthony W. , Blake John B. , Zeitlin Cary 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), an instrument carried on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft, directly measures the energy depositions by solar and galactic cosmic radiations in its silicon wafer detectors. These energy depositions are converted to linear energy transfer (LET) spectra. High LET particles, which are mainly high‐energy heavy ions found in the incident cosmic ray spectrum, or target fragments and recoils produced by protons and heavier ions, are of particular importance because of their potential to cause significant damage to human tissue and electronic components. Aside from providing LET data useful for space radiation risk analyses for lunar missions, the observed LET spectra can also be used to help validate space radiation transport codes, used for shielding design and risk assessment applications, which is a major thrust of this work. In this work the Monte Carlo transport code HETC‐HEDS (High‐Energy Transport Code‐Human Exploration and Development in Space) is used to estimate LET contributions from the incident primary ions and their charged secondaries produced by nuclear collisions as they pass through the three pairs of silicon detectors. Also in this work, the contributions to the LET of the primary ions and their charged secondaries are analyzed and compared with estimates obtained using the deterministic space radiation code HZETRN 2010, developed at NASA Langley Research Center. LET estimates obtained from the two transport codes are compared with measurements of LET from the CRaTER instrument during the mission. Overall, a comparison of the LET predictions of the HETC‐HEDS code to the predictions of the HZETRN code displays good agreement. The code predictions are also in good agreement with the CRaTER LET measurements above 15 keV/µm but differ from the measurements for smaller values of LET. A possible reason for this disagreement between measured and calculated spectra below 15 keV/µm is an inadequate representation of the light ion spectra in HETC‐HEDS and HZETRN code calculations. It is also clear from the results of this work that Vavilov distributions need to be incorporated into the HETC‐HJEDS code before it will be able to recreate the observed LET spectra measured by the CRaTER instrument.
High‐resolution40Ar/39Ar dating using a mechanical sample transfer system combined with a high‐temperature cell for step heating experiments and a multicollector ARGUS noble gas mass spectrometer
Authors: Pfänder Jörg A. , Sperner Blanka , Ratschbacher Lothar , Fischer Albrecht , Meyer Martin , Leistner Martin , Schaeben Helmut 
Published: May 2014

Abstract40Ar/39Ar dating of young (<1 Ma) and/or low potassium samples requires degassing of large amounts of material either by a laser or a furnace. A furnace excels in precise and reproducible temperature control and in providing a homogeneous temperature distribution even for relatively large sample amounts. For most systems, however, the degassed mineral or whole‐rock residues remain in the crucible after measurement. This reduces the thermal conductivity and increases the blank levels and baking times. To mitigate these problems, we combined a mechanical sample transfer system with a low volume (∼90 mL) high‐temperature cell. The system operates under ultrahigh vacuum and uses Mo‐crucibles, in which up to 1000 mg of sample is transferred into the furnace and taken out after degassing. The system has short baking times (20–30 min), highly reproducible heating conditions and an overall low blank level due to the absence of silicate (glassy) sample residue in the main crucible of the furnace. The system interconnects through a gas purification line with a low volume, high sensitivity multicollector ARGUS noble gas mass spectrometer. Intraday reproducibility of40Ar/36Ar ratios measured on air aliquots of >5 × 10−16mol36Ar is better than 0.5‰–1.0‰ (1σ,n = 4–8). We illustrate the system performance by40Ar/39Ar dating of whole‐rock samples and mineral separates from the Oman ophiolite as well as from the Siebengebirge, Heldburg, and Rhön volcanic provinces in Central Germany.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the January Northern Hemisphere circumpolar vortex over the contiguous United States
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Allen Michael J. , Rohli Robert V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractJanuary 2014 will be remembered for the sensationalized media usage of the term “polar vortex” which coincided with several polar air outbreaks. A United States polar vortex (USPV) perspective is presented to better understand the January spatial and temporal variability of this regional component of the Northern Hemisphere circumpolar vortex. Use of the monthly mean 5460 m isohypse to represent the location of the USPV extent and area revealed that the spatial features of the January 2014 USPV were not extreme relative to certain 1948–2013 Januaries. Furthermore, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), Pacific‐North American (PNA) Pattern, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are all linked to southernmost latitude of the USPV trough, but the PDO and PNA are most closely associated with the longitude at which this latitude occurs. The AO is closely related to the area of the United States enclosed within the USPV.
Influence of upper ocean stratification interannual variability on tropical cyclones
Authors: Vincent Emmanuel M. , Emanuel Kerry A. , Lengaigne Matthieu , Vialard Jérôme , Madec Gurvan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractClimate modes, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), influence Tropical Cyclones (TCs) interannual activity through their effect on large‐scale atmospheric environment. These climate modes also induce interannual variations of subsurface oceanic stratification, which may also influence TCs. Changes in oceanic stratification indeed modulate the amplitude of TCs‐induced cooling, and hence the negative feedback of air‐sea interactions on the TC intensity. Here we use a dynamical downscaling approach that couples an axisymmetric TC model to a simple ocean model to quantify this interannual oceanic control on TC activity. We perform twin experiments with contrasted oceanic stratifications representative of interannual variability in each TC‐prone region. While subsurface oceanic variations do not significantly affect the number of moderate (Category 3 or less) TCs, they do induce a 30% change of Category 5 TC‐days globally, and a 70% change for TCs exceeding 85 m s−1. TCs in the western Pacific and the southwestern Indian Ocean are most sensitive to oceanic interannual variability (with a ∼10 m s−1 modulation of the intensity of strongest storms at low latitude), owing to large upper ocean variations in response to ENSO. These results imply that a representation of ocean stratification variability should benefit operational forecasts of intense TCs and the understanding of their climatic variability.
Controlled precipitation of energetic Van Allen belt protons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves
Authors: de Soria‐Santacruz M. , Martinez‐Sanchez M. , Shprits Y. Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe high‐energy protons trapped in the inner Van Allen belt are a hazard to the man‐made space systems orbiting the region. We analyze the possibility of human control over these energetic particles by the transmission of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves from space‐based antennas. We examine the propagation of man‐made EMIC waves, their interaction with the energetic inner belt proton population, and the overall feasibility of controlled proton precipitation. The nature of the interaction between EMIC waves radiated from space‐based transmitters and energetic protons is different from the naturally occurring processes in the magnetosphere, the latter being dominated by gyroaveraged resonant interactions. In the case of man‐made EMIC waves, we show that off‐resonant interactions dominate the particles' scattering. However, our numerical simulations show that both the radiation and interaction processes are very inefficient, to the point that, with the current technology, it is not feasible to remediate the proton belt using space‐based transmitters.
Radiation dose forecast of WASAVIES during ground‐level enhancement
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Sato Tatsuhiko , Kubo Yûki , Shiota Daikou , Kuwabara Takao , Yashiro Seiji , Yasuda Hiroshi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSolar energetic particles (SEPs) sometimes induce powerful air showers that significantly increase the radiation dose at flight altitudes. In order to provide information of such a space radiation hazard to aircrew, a forecast model is developed for WASAVIES (Warning System of Aviation Exposure to SEP), based on the focused transport equation of solar protons and Monte Carlo particle transport simulation of the air shower. WASAVIES gives a simple and fast way to predict the time profile of dose rate during ground‐level enhancements.
Small juxtacortical hemorrhages in cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Coutinho Jonathan M. , van den Berg René , Zuurbier Susanna M. , VanBavel Ed , Troost Dirk , Majoie Charles B. , Stam Jan 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveIntracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) are common in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We examined whether small juxtacortical hemorrhages (JCHs) are characteristic for CVT and studied their radiological and pathological properties.MethodsWe identified all patients with CVT and an ICH at baseline admitted between 2000 and 2011 (prospectively from July 2006). JCH was defined as a hemorrhage (diameter < 20mm) located in the white matter just below the cortex. To determine the specificity of JCHs for CVT, we examined the frequency of JCHs in a control group of patients of similar age with an ICH not related to CVT.ResultsOf 114 patients with CVT, 53 had an ICH. JCHs were present in 14 of the 53 (26%). The remaining 39 had other kinds of hemorrhages. Papilledema was more common among patients with a JCH compared to patients with other types of ICHs (44% vs 9%, p = 0.01). All patients with a JCH except 1 had thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, compared to 49% of patients with CVT and other kinds of hemorrhages (p = 0.004). Reanalysis of all imaging data and histopathologic analysis in 1 patient showed that JCHs are located near the U‐fibers and that they follow the curvature of the cortex. Among 196 control patients (spontaneous ICH, not caused by CVT), only 3 patients had a JCH. One of these 3 appeared on re‐examination of all imaging results to have had CVT.InterpretationSmall nontraumatic JCHs are a characteristic feature of CVT and are rarely encountered in other conditions. Ann Neurol 2014;75:908–916