bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEMAND, CUSTOMER BASE‐LINE AND DEMAND RESPONSE IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET: A SURVEY
Authors: Heshmati Almas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe increasing use of demand‐side management, as a tool to reliably meet electricity demands at peak time, has stimulated interest among researchers, consumers and producer organiza‐tions, managers, regulators and policymakers. This research reviews the growing literature on models which are used to study demand, customer base‐line (CBL) and demand response in the electricity market. After characterizing the general demand models, the CBL, based on which the demand response models are studied, is reviewed. Given the experience gained from the review and existing conditions, the study combines an appropriate model for each case for a possible application to the electricity market; moreover, it discusses the implications of the results. In the literature, these aspects are studied independently. The main contribution of this survey is attributed to the treatment of the three issues as sequentially interdependent. The review is expected to enhance the understanding of the demand, CBL and demand response in the electricity market and their relationships. The objective is conducted through a combination of demand and supply side managements in order to reduce demand through different demand response programs during peak times. This enables electricity suppliers to save costly electricity generation and at the same time reduce energy vulnerability.
Nurse perceptions of family home‐visiting programmes in Australia and England
Authors: Sawyer Michael Gifford , Barnes Jacqueline , Frost Linda , Jeffs Debra , Bowering Kerrie , Lynch John 
Published: April 2013

AimsNurse home‐visiting programmes are employed to enhance the functioning of disadvantaged mothers and young children. Despite the key role played by nurses, there is little empirical evidence describing the views and experiences of nurses who deliver home‐visiting programmes. This study compared the views and experiences of nurses delivering home‐visiting programmes in England and South Australia.MethodsParticipants were 108 nurses delivering the South Australian Family Home Visiting programme (2008–2011), and 44 nurses delivering the Family Nurse Partnership programme in England (2007–2009). Data were collected using a standard questionnaire that was completed by nurses in each country. The questionnaire asked nurses about their level of influence on programme outcomes, approaches they used to retain maternal engagement with the home‐visiting programmes, barriers to effective programme delivery and the effectiveness of supervision.ResultsBoth groups of nurses considered that their greatest influence was improving mothers' confidence with parenting skills and increasing mothers' knowledge about children's development. Each group identified quality of nurse–mother relationships as the factor most relevant to retaining maternal engagement. Other influential factors were flexibility of timing for visits and the capacity of the programmes to meet specific needs of mothers.ConclusionThere was consistency in the nurses' views about the home‐visiting programmes delivered in England and Australia. Future studies should utilise prospective designs to identify the mechanisms by which factors influence the quality of nurse–mother relationships, approaches used by nurses to solve family problems and elements of mother–nurse relationships that have the strongest influence on programme outcomes.
Federally Qualified Health Center dental clinics: financial information
Authors: Bailit Howard L. , DeVitto Judy , Myne‐Joslin Ronnie , Beazoglou Tryfon , McGowan Taegan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveFederally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) dental clinics are a major component of the dental safety net system, providing care to 3.75 million patients annually. This study describes the financial and clinical operations of a sample of FQHCs.MethodsIn cooperation with the National Network for Oral Health Access, FQHC dental clinics that could provide 12 months of electronic dental record information were asked to participate in the study.ResultsBased on data from 28 dental clinics (14 FQHCs), 50 percent of patients were under 21 years of age. The primary payers were Medicaid (72.4 percent) and sliding‐scale/self‐pay patients (17.5 percent). Sites averaged 3.1 operatories, 0.66 dental hygienists, and 1.9 other staff per dentist. Annually, each FTE dentist and hygienist provided 2,801 and 2,073 patient visits, respectively. Eighty percent of services were diagnostic, preventive, and restorative. Patient care accounted for 82 percent of revenues, and personnel (64.2 percent) and central administration (13.4 percent) accounted for most expenses.ConclusionBased on a small convenience sample of FQHC dental clinics, this study presents descriptive data on their clinical and financial operations. Compared with data from the UDS (Uniform Data System) report, study FQHCs were larger in terms of space, staff, and patients served. However, there was substantial variation among clinics for almost all measures. As the number and size of FQHC dental clinics increase, the Health Resources and Services Administration needs to provide them access to comparative data that they can use to benchmark their operations.
Periodicity of dental recall visits for young children first seen in community health centers
Authors: Kuthy Raymond A. , Kavand Golnaz , Momany Elizabeth T. , Jones Michael P. , Askelson Natoshia M. , Chi Donald L. , Wehby George L. , Damiano Peter C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo study the factors associated with young children who had their first dental visit (FDV) at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) and returned within 12 months for a second dental episode.MethodsTwo hundred Medicaid‐enrolled children who were less than 6 years old were randomly selected from five Iowa FQHCs. Dental utilization was followed for 36 months using dental charts and Medicaid medical and dental claims data, regardless of provider. Child's birth certificate data were also used as covariates. Multivariable logistic regression, using backward elimination, was used to identify variables that were associated with whether a child returned for a dental recall visit within 1 year of the initial dental episode.ResultsAbout 56% of the children returned for dental care within 1 year of their initial episode. The number of children in the household had a positive impact on children returning for a second dental episode. However, an increase in the frequency of medical well‐child visits at the FQHC prior to the FDV had a negative influence. Unadjusted analysis demonstrated that children with dental caries at the FDV were less likely to return within 12 months; however, this variable failed to make the final regression model. Moreover, age at FDV did not make a difference in regard to returning for a second episode within 12 months.ConclusionsThe experience gained from having other Medicaid‐enrolled children in the household appears to be important for younger children entering into continuous and comprehensive dental care.
Shock metamorphic features in quartz grains from the Saarijärvi and Söderfjärden impact structures, Finland
Authors: Öhman Teemu , Preeden Ulla 
Published: April 2013

AbstractShock metamorphic features at the Saarijärvi (D > 2 km) and Söderfjärden (D = 6.5 km) structures in Finland have so far only been studied tentatively, although both are considered to be proven impact structures. This work presents the first detailed universal stage study of planar deformation features (PDFs), feather feature lamellae (FFL), and planar fractures (PFs) in quartz grains from a polymict impact breccia dike from Söderfjärden, and from sedimentary crater‐fill rocks from Saarijärvi. Planar microstructures, particularly PDFs, are very rare and poorly developed or preserved in Saarijärvi, whereas in Söderfjärden they are much more common and well defined. Miller–Bravais indices of the planar microstructures in both Saarijärvi and Söderfjärden are indicative of relatively low‐shock pressure but high shear conditions, only compatible with an impact origin for these structures. Although a Proterozoic age for Saarijärvi cannot be ruled out, the observations of shock features throughout the sedimentary crater‐fill sequence and a brecciated sedimentary dike below the crater floor are more consistent with a Lower Cambrian (or younger) impact age.
Reactive oxygen species and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of isoconazole nitrate
Authors: Czaika Viktor A. , Siebenbrock Jan , Czekalla Frank , Zuberbier Torsten , Sieber Martin A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBacterial superinfections often occur in dermatomycoses, resulting in greatly inflamed or eczematous skin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of isoconazole nitrate (ISN), a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial imidazole, commonly used to treat dermatomycoses. Several gram‐positive bacteria minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ISN (ISN solution or ISN‐containing creams: Travogen® or corticosteroid‐containing Travocort®) and ampicillin were obtained using the broth‐dilution method. Speed of onset of the bactericidal effect was determined with bacterial killing curves. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were visualised by staining cells with singlet oxygen detector stain. Compared with ampicillin MICs, ISN MICs for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis were lower and ISN MICs for Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum and Streptococcus salivarius were similar. Incubation with ISN led to a 50% kill rate for Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant strains (MRSA). Post‐ISN incubation, 36% (30 min) and 90% (60 min) of S. aureus cells were positive for ROS. Isoconazole nitrate has a broad bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, also against a MRSA strain that was not reduced by the corticosteroid in the Travocort cream. Data suggest that the antibacterial effect of ISN may be ROS dependent. An antifungal agent with robust antibacterial activity can provide a therapeutic advantage in treating dermatomycoses with suspected bacterial superinfections.
Ectopic expression of Kip‐related proteins restrains root‐knot nematode‐feeding site expansion
Authors: Vieira Paulo , Escudero Carmen , Rodiuc Natalia , Boruc Joanna , Russinova Eugenia , Glab Nathalie , Mota Manuel , De Veylder Lieven , Abad Pierre , Engler Gilbert , de Almeida Engler Janice 
Published: April 2013

Summary

The development of nematode feeding sites induced by root‐knot nematodes involves the synchronized activation of cell cycle processes such as acytokinetic mitoses and DNA amplification. A number of key cell cycle genes are reported to be critical for nematode feeding site development. However, it remains unknown whether plant cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors such as the Arabidopsis interactor/inhibitor of CDK (ICK)/Kip‐related protein (KRP) family are involved in nematode feeding site development. This study demonstrates the involvement of Arabidopsis ICK2/KRP2 and ICK1/KRP1 in the control of mitosis to endoreduplication in galls induced by the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

Using ICK/KRP promoter‐GUS fusions and mRNA in situ hybridizations, we showed that ICK2/KRP2, ICK3/KRP5 and ICK4/KRP6 are expressed in galls after nematode infection. Loss‐of‐function mutants have minor effects on gall development and nematode reproduction. Conversely, overexpression of both ICK1/KRP1 and ICK2/KRP2 impaired mitosis in giant cells and blocked neighboring cell proliferation, resulting in a drastic reduction of gall size.

Studying the dynamics of protein expression demonstrated that protein levels of ICK2/KRP2 are tightly regulated during giant cell development and reliant on the presence of the nematode.

This work demonstrates that impeding cell cycle progression by means of ICK1/KRP1 and ICK2/KRP2 overexpression severely restricts gall development, leading to a marked limitation of root‐knot nematode development and reduced numbers of offspring.
A population genetic model to infer allotetraploid speciation and long‐term evolution applied to two yarrow species
Authors: Guo Yan‐Ping , Tong Xiao‐Yuan , Wang Lan‐Wei , Vogl Claus 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Allotetraploid speciation, that is, the generation of a hybrid tetraploid species from two diploid species, and the long‐term evolution of tetraploid populations and species are important in plants. We developed a population genetic model to infer population genetic parameters of tetraploid populations from data of the progenitor and descendant species.

Two yarrow species, Achillea alpina‐4x and A. wilsoniana‐4x, arose by allotetraploidization from the diploid progenitors, A. acuminata‐2x and A. asiatica‐2x. Yet, the population genetic process has not been studied in detail. We applied the model to sequences of three nuclear genes in populations of the four yarrow species and compared their pattern of variability with that in four plastid regions.

The plastid data indicated that the two tetraploid species probably originated from multiple independent allopolyploidization events and have accumulated many mutations since. With the nuclear data, we found a low rate of homeologous recombination or gene conversion and a reduction in diversity relative to the level of both diploid species combined.

The present analysis with a novel probabilistic model suggests a genetic bottleneck during tetraploid speciation, that the two tetraploid species have a long evolutionary history, and that they have a small amount of genetic exchange between the homeologous genomes.
Scent glands in legume flowers
Authors: Marinho C.R. , Souza C.D. , Barros T.C. , Teixeira S.P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractScent glands, or osmophores, are predominantly floral secretory structures that secrete volatile substances during anthesis, and therefore act in interactions with pollinators. The Leguminosae family, despite being the third largest angiosperm family, with a wide geographical distribution and diversity of habits, morphology and pollinators, has been ignored with respect to these glands. Thus, we localised and characterised the sites of fragrance production and release in flowers of legumes, in which scent plays an important role in pollination, and also tested whether there are relationships between the structure of the scent gland and the pollinator habit: diurnal or nocturnal. Flowers in pre‐anthesis and anthesis of 12 legume species were collected and analysed using immersion in neutral red, olfactory tests and anatomical studies (light and scanning electron microscopy). The main production site of floral scent is the perianth, especially the petals. The scent glands are distributed in a restricted way in Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Anadenanthera peregrina, Inga edulis and Parkia pendula, constituting mesophilic osmophores, and in a diffuse way in Bauhinia rufa, Hymenaea courbaril, Erythrostemon gilliesii, Poincianella pluviosa, Pterodon pubescens, Platycyamus regnellii, Mucuna urens and Tipuana tipu. The glands are comprised of cells of the epidermis and mesophyll that secrete mainly terpenes, nitrogen compounds and phenols. Relationships between the presence of osmophores and type of anthesis (diurnal and nocturnal) and the pollinator were not found. Our data on scent glands in Leguminosae are original and detail the type of diffuse release, which has been very poorly studied.
The Political Socialization of Adolescent Children of Immigrants
Authors: Humphries Melissa , Muller Chandra , Schiller Kathryn S. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the adolescent political socialization processes that predict political participation in young adulthood, and whether these processes are different for children of immigrants compared to white third‐plus‐generation adolescents. We focus on socialization agents based in the family, community, and school.MethodsWe use a nationally representative longitudinal survey of adolescents to evaluate the predictors of three measures of political participation—voter registration, voting, and political party identification—and whether the process leading to political participation varies by immigrant status and race/ethnic group.ResultsWe find that the parental education level of adolescents is not as predictive for many minority children of immigrants compared to white children of native‐born parents for registration. Additionally, the academic rigor of the courses taken in high school has a greater positive estimated effect on the likelihood of registration and party identification for Latino children of immigrants compared to white third‐plus‐generation young adults.ConclusionsThe process of general integration into U.S. society for adolescent children of immigrants may lead to differing pathways to political participation in young adulthood, with certain aspects of their schooling experience having particular importance in developing political participation behaviors.
The Racial Underpinnings of Party Identification and Political Ideology
Authors: Mangum Maruice 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe racial issue evolution theory has shaped our understanding of U.S. party politics since 1964. However, some scholars disagree that racial issues are the chief factors. Others argue that social identities are the key to understanding U.S. party politics.MethodsUsing logistic regression, this analysis addresses this controversy and joins the debate with a different test of the social identity theory.ResultsIt demonstrates that relationships between three racial psychological attachments (categorization, identification, and consciousness) and political orientation (party identification and political ideology) exist even when controlling for other factors.ConclusionThe findings suggest that Americans rely on racial categorization and identification when identifying themselves with a political party, but not a political ideology. However, the findings suggest that Americans rely on racial and moral issues when adopting a political ideology, but not party identification.
Glutamate signalling via a MEKK1 kinase‐dependent pathway induces changes in Arabidopsis root architecture
Authors: Forde Brian G. , Cutler Sean R. , Zaman Najia , Krysan Patrick J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryA chemical genetic approach has been used to investigate the mechanism by which external glutamate (l–Glu) is able to trigger major changes in root architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana L. An initial screen of 80 agonists and antagonists of mammalian glutamate and GABA receptors, using a specially developed 96‐well microphenotyping system, found none that replicated the response of the root to l–Glu or antagonized it. However, a larger screen using >1500 molecules bioactive in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) identified two groups that interfered with the l–Glu response. One of the antagonists, 2–(4–chloro‐3‐methylphenyl)‐2‐oxoethyl thiocyanate (CMOT), has been reported to target Ste11, an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) in yeast. This led to the discovery that root growth in a triple mekk1 mekk2 mekk3 mutant (mekk1/2/3), defective in a set of three tandemly arranged MAP3Ks, was almost insensitive to l–Glu. However, the sensitivity of mekk1/2/3 roots to inhibition by other amino acids reported to act as agonists of glutamate receptor‐like (GLR) channels in Arabidopsis roots (Asn, Cys, Gly and Ser) was unaffected. The l–Glu sensitivity of the mekk1/2/3 mutant was restored by transformation with a construct carrying the intact MEKK1 gene. These results demonstrate that MEKK1 plays a key role in transducing the l–Glu signal that elicits large‐scale changes in root architecture, and provide genetic evidence for the existence in plants of an l–Glu signalling pathway analogous to that found in animals.
A hydrothermal seedling emergence model for Conyza bonariensis
Authors: Zambrano‐Navea C , Bastida F , Gonzalez‐Andujar J L 
Published: April 2013

SummaryConyza bonariensis is a South American native annual Asteraceae that has been introduced to the Mediterranean, where it behaves as a ruderal plant and a weed that is difficult to control in several crops. The development of predictive models can contribute to control measures at early growth stages, but currently there are no studies to predict seedling emergence of Conyza species. Our objectives were to develop and evaluate a model for predicting emergence response of C. bonariensis to the soil hydrothermal environment. A hydrothermal seed germination model was fitted to time course germination data from germination tests carried out at different constant temperatures and water potentials with the aim of establishing the hydrothermal parameters characterising C. bonariensis seed germination. The relationship between cumulative seedling emergence and cumulative hydrothermal time under field conditions was analysed using the Gompertz function. Model development was based on 2 years' data from a field experiment. Base temperature and base water potential for seed germination were estimated at 10.6°C and −0.70 ± 0.151 MPa, respectively. The emergence model showed a very good fit to the experimental data. According to this model, seedling emergence starts at 15 accumulated hydrothermal time (HTT) after sowing, and 50 and 95% emergence is completed at 53 HTT and 105 HTT, respectively. For model evaluation, independent field experiments were carried out in two localities. Cumulative seedling emergence was accurately predicted by the model. Results indicate that this model can be useful as a predictive tool contributing to effective control of C. bonariensis populations.
Synergistic Effect between Colistin and Bacteriocins in Controlling Gram-Negative Pathogens and Their Potential To Reduce Antibiotic Toxicity in Mammalian Epithelial Cells
Authors: Naghmouchi Karim , Baah John , Hober Didier , Jouy Eric , Rubrecht Cédric , Sané Famara , Drider Djamel 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Pathogens resistant to most conventional antibiotics are a harbinger of the need to discover novel antimicrobials and anti-infective agents and develop innovative strategies to combat them. The aim of this study was to assess the
in vitro
activity of colistin alone or in combination with two bacteriocins, nisin A and pediocin PA-1/AcH, against
Salmonella choleraesuis
ATCC 14028,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ATCC 27853,
Yersinia enterocolitica
ATCC 9610, and
Escherichia coli
ATCC 35150 (O157:H7). The strain most sensitive to colistin was enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
O157:H7, which was inhibited at a concentration of about 0.12 μg/ml. When nisin A (1.70 μg/ml) or pediocin PA-1/AcH (1.56 μg/ml) was combined with colistin, the concentrations required to inhibit
E. coli
O157:H7 were 0.01 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. The
in vitro
antigenotoxic effect of colistin was determined by using the comet assay method to measure the level of DNA damage in freshly isolated human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) incubated with colistin for 1 h at 37°C. Changes in the tail extents of PBLs of about 69.29 ± 0.08 μm were observed at a final colistin concentration of about 550 ng/ml. Besides the synergistic effect, the combination of colistin (1 mg/ml) and nisin (2 mg/ml) permitted us to re-evaluate the toxic effect of colistin on Vero (monkey kidney epithelial) cells.