bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, ignition risk assessment and testing of increased safety high tension induction motor for explosive atmospheres
Authors: Ahirwal Bhagirath , Chatterjee Tarun Kumar 
Published: July 2013

Increased safety (Exe) motors are widely used in zone 1 and 2 areas. Exe high tension (HT) motor is designed in such a way that it cannot produce any arc/spark and temperature of any part of motor in normal operating condition and specified abnormal condition. The risk assessment of Exe HT motor was introduced in the year of 2008 by ET22 Committee of Bureau of Indian Standards in IS:6381‐2004 standards in India. The Exe motors were designed and risk assessment of ignition was carried out as per new standards. All necessary test on the Exe HT designed motors are also described in this paper. The starting time or blocking time in normal or abnormal condition of Exe motor depends on the insulation system of motor. Time tE of rotor or stator winding depends on some design parameters like mass of rotor winding, rotor copper loss, starting torque etc. Time tE is very critical for any HT Exe motor and it should not be less than 5 s as per IS:6381‐2004 and IS/IEC 60079‐7:2006. The Exe motors mentioned in this paper have been manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL), Bhopal, India during the project and main author was project leader.
Evolutionary diversification of the multimeric states of proteins
Authors: Lynch Michael 
Published: July 2013

Significance
Rather than operating as single units, most proteins assemble as multimers, usually with all subunits derived from the same gene. In contrast to patterns of gene structure and genome organization, which typically exhibit substantial increases in complexity from unicellular to multicellular organisms, the structural complexity of orthologous proteins appears roughly constant over the tree of life. The interfaces of multimers also often shift dramatically over evolutionary time. To explain these observations, a model is presented for the stochastic origin of variation in the multimeric states of proteins via the joint processes of mutation, random genetic drift, and constant directional selection.
Somatotype, training and performance in Ironman athletes
Authors: Kandel Michel , Baeyens Jean Pierre , Clarys Peter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the physiques of Ironman athletes and the relationship between Ironman's performance, training and somatotype. A total of 165 male and 22 female competitors of the Ironman Switzerland volunteered in this study. Ten anthropometric dimensions were measured, and 12 training and history variables were recorded with a questionnaire. The variables were compared with the race performance. The somatotype was a strong predictor of Ironman performance (R=0.535; R2=0.286; sign. p<0.001) in male athletes. The endomorphy component was the most substantial predictor. Reductions in endomorphy by one standard deviation as well as an increased ectomorphy value by one standard deviation lead to significant and substantial improvement in Ironman performance (28.1 and 29.8 minutes, respectively). An ideal somatotype of 1.7–4.9–2.8 could be established. Age and quantitative training effort were not significant predictors on Ironman performance. In female athletes, no relationship between somatotype, training and performance was found. The somatotype of a male athlete defines for 28.6% variance in Ironman performance. Athletes not having an ideal somatotype of 1.7–4.9–2.8 could improve their performance by altering their somatotype. Lower rates in endomorphy, as well as higher rates in ectomorphy, resulted in a significant better race performance. The impact of somatotype was the most distinguished on the run discipline and had a much greater impact on the total race time than the quantitative training effort. These findings could not be found in female athletes.
The joint impact of drought conditions and media coverage on the Colorado rafting industry
Authors: Schoengold Karina , Shrestha Prabhakar , Eiswerth Mark 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Decreased instream flows are thought to negatively impact river recreation, such as whitewater rafting. Runoff declines are often accompanied by high temperatures, wildfires, and associated media coverage. Very few studies have examined the impact of these accompanying factors, and none have disentangled their influence. Using regression analysis of data from the Arkansas River in Colorado, we find that reduced flows usually decrease the number of whitewater rafting customers, although very high flows also deter rafting activities. More importantly, negative media coverage of wildfires also appears to have adverse impacts on rafting tourism, controlling for instream flows and weather.
Climate change opportunities for Idaho's irrigation supply and deliveries
Authors: Qualls Russell J. , Taylor R. Garth , Hamilton Joel , Arogundade Ayodeji B. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) was used to simulate timing and magnitude of runoff for six climate scenarios (2030 and 2080 ‘Wet’, ‘Middle’, and ‘Dry’). The water supply results from SRM were run through a Southern Idaho reservoir operation and water rights allocation model (MODSIM). The 2030-Dry and 2080-Dry scenarios produce supply deficits relative to the current climate of 5.4%, and 1.9%, respectively, for which the corresponding irrigation water delivery reductions were 1.7% and 2.7%. In contrast, the 2030-Wet, 2030-Mid, 2080-Wet, and 2080-Mid climate change scenarios increased water supply by 13.4%, 0.5%, 19.5%, and 5%, respectively, for which water deliveries increased by 0.41%, 0.04%, 0.34% and 0.14%, respectively. Idaho's irrigation delivery and storage system can ameliorate the risk of dry climate change, but is incapable of storing and delivering the increased water supplied by the wet climate change scenarios. This is an opportunity worth exploring.
On hyperbolicity and tautness modulo an analytic subset of Hartogs domains
Authors: Thai Do , Thomas Pascal , Trao Nguyen , Duc Mai 
Published: July 2013

LetXXbe a complex space andHHa positive homogeneous plurisubharmonic functionHHonX×CmX\times \mathbb {C}^m. Consider the Hartogs-type domainΩH(X):={(z,w)∈X×Cm:H(z,w)>1}\Omega _{H}(X):=\{(z,w)\in X\times \mathbb {C}^m:H(z,w)>1 \}. LetSSbe an analytic subset ofXX. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for hyperbolicity and tautness moduloS×CmS\times \mathbb {C}^mofΩH(X)\Omega _{H}(X), with the obvious corollaries for the special case of Hartogs domains.
Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Roszell Karin , Sandella Danielle , Haig Andrew J. , Yamakawa Karen S.J. 
Published: July 2013

Study Design:
Prospective noninterventional observation.

Objective:
To examine factors that influence a patient’s real decision to accept the offer of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in a relatively controlled situation.

Summary of Background Data:
A patient’s decision to undergo spine surgery might be influenced by factors other than pathology. However, there is limited research exploring the decision.

Methods:
A study performed for other purposes recruited persons aged 55–90 years with medical record evidence of an offer of surgery for spinal stenosis by a university faculty surgeon. Inclusion criteria included neurogenic claudication, subjectively positive imaging, and difficulty walking 200 yards. Potential subjects with additional disabling conditions (eg, lower limb amputation), conditions that might mimic stenosis (eg, polyneuropathy), or some contraindications to invasive treatment (eg, anticoagulation) were excluded. Subjects filled out questionnaires on function, quality of life, pain, and health, and were examined by a spine surgeon masked to diagnostic category (Other recruits had back pain or no symptoms). Telephone follow-up 6–12 months later determined whether surgery was done.

Results:
Of 39 qualifying subjects, 20 followed through with surgery. A binary logistic regression revealed that significant factors that influence patient decision making included SF-36 measures of “Comparative Health” and “Role Limit Emotional” as well as the subject’s overall perception of their quality of life. The combination of all 3 factors yielded a predictive model (P=0.031). Individually, however, only “Comparative Health” was significant and able to predict a decision to proceed with surgery (P=0.036).

Conclusions:
In this population with significant disability, uncomplicated medical history, and a relatively clear diagnosis, the decision to accept surgical intervention was influenced by issues of perceived overall health and quality of life. Interventions to change real or perceived overall health may impact patient acceptance of surgery.
Maltase‐Glucoamylase Modulates Gluconeogenesis and Sucrase‐Isomaltase Dominates Starch Digestion Glucogenesis
Authors: Diaz‐Sotomayor Maricela , Quezada‐Calvillo Roberto , Avery Stephen E. , Chacko Shaji K. , Yan Li‐ke , Lin Amy Hui‐Mei , Ao Zi‐hua , Hamaker Bruce R. , Nichols Buford L. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Six enzyme activities are needed to digest starch to absorbable free glucose; 2 luminal α‐amylases (AMY) and 4 mucosal maltase‐glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase‐isomaltase (SI) subunit activities are involved in the digestion. The AMY activities break down starch to soluble oligomeric dextrins; mucosal MGAM and SI can either directly digest starch to glucose or convert the post‐α‐amylolytic dextrins to glucose. We hypothesized that MGAM, with higher maltase than SI, drives digestion on ad limitum intakes and SI, with lower activity but more abundant amount, constrains ad libitum starch digestion.Methods:Mgam null and wild‐type (WT) mice were fed with starch diets ad libitum and ad limitum. Fractional glucogenesis (fGG) derived from starch was measured and fractional gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis were calculated. Carbohydrates in small intestine were determined.Results:After ad libitum meals, null and WT had similar increases of blood glucose concentration. At low intakes, null mice had less fGG (P = 0.02) than WT mice, demonstrating the role of Mgam activity in ad limitum feeding; null mice did not reduce fGG responses to ad libitum intakes demonstrating the dominant role of SI activity during full feeding. Although fGG was rising after feeding, fractional gluconeogenesis fell, especially for null mice.Conclusions:The fGNG (endogenous glucogenesis) in null mice complemented the fGG (exogenous glucogenesis) to conserve prandial blood glucose concentrations. The hypotheses that Mgam contributes a high‐efficiency activity on ad limitum intakes and SI dominates on ad libitum starch digestion were confirmed.
Bibliometric Study of the Quality of Celiac Disease Research Publications
Authors: Master Samuel , Lebwohl Benjamin , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Green Peter H. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCeliac disease (CD) is common and occurs in both children and adults. A recent bibliometric study revealed that the journal with the most CD articles was the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition followed by the American Journal of Gastroenterology, a journal predominantly concerned with adult issues. To assess the quality and complexity of CD, research appearing in these journals used strict published criteria to assess the quality of the research in the 30 most recent research articles in each journal. The authors found that the research reported in these articles was of similar high quality and complexity.
Analyses of a Gravistimulation-Specific Ca2+ Signature in Arabidopsis using Parabolic Flights
Authors: Toyota Masatsugu , Furuichi Takuya , Sokabe Masahiro , Tatsumi Hitoshi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Gravity is a critical environmental factor affecting the morphology and functions of organisms on the Earth. Plants sense changes in the gravity vector (gravistimulation) and regulate their growth direction accordingly. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings, gravistimulation, achieved by rotating the specimens under the ambient 1g of the Earth, is known to induce a biphasic (transient and sustained) increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c). However, the [Ca2+]c increase genuinely caused by gravistimulation has not been identified because gravistimulation is generally accompanied by rotation of specimens on the ground (1g), adding an additional mechanical signal to the treatment. Here, we demonstrate a gravistimulation-specific Ca2+ response in Arabidopsis seedlings by separating rotation from gravistimulation by using the microgravity (less than 10−4 g) conditions provided by parabolic flights. Gravistimulation without rotating the specimen caused a sustained [Ca2+]c increase, which corresponds closely to the second sustained [Ca2+]c increase observed in ground experiments. The [Ca2+]c increases were analyzed under a variety of gravity intensities (e.g. 0.5g, 1.5g, or 2g) combined with rapid switching between hypergravity and microgravity, demonstrating that Arabidopsis seedlings possess a very rapid gravity-sensing mechanism linearly transducing a wide range of gravitational changes (0.5g–2g) into Ca2+ signals on a subsecond time scale.
Drivers of in‐group and out‐of‐group electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM)
Authors: Luís Abrantes José , Seabra Cláudia , Raquel Lages Cristiana , Jayawardhena Chanaka 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address a recent call for additional research on electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM). In response to this call, this study draws on the social network paradigm and the uses and gratification theory (UGT) to propose and empirically test a conceptual framework of key drivers of two types of eWOM, namely in‐group and out‐of‐group.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model, which examines the impact of usage motivations on eWOM in‐group and eWOM out‐of‐group, is tested in a sample of 302 internet users in Portugal.FindingsResults from the survey show that the different drivers (i.e. mood‐enhancement, escapism, experiential learning and social interaction) vary in terms of their impact on the two different types of eWOM. Surprisingly, while results show a positive relationship between experiential learning and eWOM out‐of‐group, no relationship is found between experiential learning and eWOM in‐group.Research limitations/implicationsThis is the first study investigating the drivers of both eWOM in‐group and eWOM out‐of‐group. Additional research in this area will contribute to the development of a general theory of eWOM.Practical implicationsBy understanding the drivers of different eWOM types, this study provides guidance to marketing managers on how to allocate resources more efficiently in order to achieve the company's strategic objectives.Originality/valueNo published study has investigated the determinants of these two types of eWOM. This is the first study offering empirical considerations of how the various drivers differentially impact eWOM in‐group and eWOM out‐of‐group.
The impact of online user reviews on cameras sales
Authors: Zhang Lin , Ma Baolong , Cartwright Debra K. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to help better understand the impact of online user reviews on sales of search goods.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on digital camera sales data collected from amazon.com and two studies are included in this research. The first study is based on a static model and sample data from one time stamp. The second study is based on two sample data collected from two different time stamps, and a dynamic model is proposed.FindingsThe results from the first study reveal that the average online customer review, the number of online reviews, the price and the camera's physical properties such as the number of pixels and the optimal zoom number (but not LCD screen size) have significant influence on digital camera sales. The results from the second study show that the sales from the previous period are an important indicator for future sales. In addition, change in price, change in average online review rating and change in the total number of online reviews are all significantly associated with future sales.Research limitations/implicationsThe research reveals that there is a significant relationship between the online user review and sales of search goods, and the influence of online user reviews on search goods sales is different from that on experience goods. It also recognizes that the product specifications influence the sales of search goods. In addition, the research on search goods shows that price at the specific time and price changes are significant factors affecting sales.Practical implicationsThe research indicates that retailers should provide channels for, and encourage, customer online reviews for search goods to improve sales. It is also beneficial for online retailers to provide detailed product attributes to help their customers make the purchase decision. Carefully designed and executed price promotions could also be effective ways to improve sales of searchable goods.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first attempts to investigate the impact of online user reviews on sales of search goods.
Event‐based cooperative control of a high‐speed bar‐tacking sewing machine
Authors: Xie Xiaohui , Ma Cui , Sun Qiang , Du Ruxu 
Published: July 2013

PurposeBar‐tacking is a specialized sewing stitch designed to provide immense tensile strength to the garment which requires a high‐speed precision bar‐tacking sewing machine. This paper aims to present an event‐driven multi‐axis cooperative control method for a bar‐tacking sewing machine.Design/methodology/approachThe control method consists of two parts: the multi‐axis cooperative control and the needle stop positioning control. The challenges include the high speed and the precision. For example, the needle must stop at a set position in milliseconds.FindingsThe presented multi‐axis cooperative control can ensure the high speed response and the precision of the cooperative control. The needle stop positioning control is based on a combination of the velocity control and the position control with velocity feed‐forward and limitation.Research limitations/implicationsThe bar‐tacking sewing machine requires high‐speed start and stop response and coordination of displacement and velocity only at some given points. Therefore, the conventional multi‐axis cooperative control methods are not suitable. In addition, it requires high‐speed precision control under varying loading conditions.Practical implicationsWhile there are a number of commercial textile machines available in the market, designing a smart bar‐tacking sewing machine with good speed and precision performance remains a challenge.Originality/valueThe bar‐tacking sewing machine requires highly accurate multi‐axes cooperative control. The presented event‐driven multi‐axis control method is effective. It has not only the required high accuracy but also the fast time response.
Business regulation, inward foreign direct investment, and economic growth in the new European Union member states
Authors: Allen Matthew M.C. , Aldred Maria L. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which institutional convergence has taken place in the new European Union (EU) member states. It does so by contrasting arguments that are inspired by transaction‐cost economics within the mainstream international‐business literature and contentions within the comparative‐capitalisms perspective. A corollary of arguments within the former is that those countries that have less transparent ways of doing business will post poorer economic growth records than those with more predictable and less costly regulations. By contrast, contentions within the comparative‐capitalisms literature lead to expectations that a broader set of institutional factors will shape economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe article adopts a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis approach to examine the necessary and sufficient causal conditions for economic growth in the region.FindingsThere is a great deal of institutional diversity within the new EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe. There are no clusters of countries around a specific variety of capitalism or an economic model that has above‐average economic growth rates and that is characterized by institutions that lower the costs of market transacting. This, in turn, suggests that convergence pressures are not as great as the mainstream international‐business literature has argued.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could complement this study by adopting a cross‐country, comparative micro‐ or firm‐level approach to examine the ways in which different institutional factors, both individually and collectively, shape the growth of businesses and consequently, economies.Originality/valueMainstream international business tends to focus on regulation and market‐supporting institutions to explain growth in developing economies. This research has shown that a broader view of institutions needs to be adopted, as some countries have been able to post strong economic growth figures despite institutional environments that do not lower the costs of market‐based contracting.
Cognitive automation strategy for reconfigurable and sustainable assembly systems
Authors: Fasth‐Berglund Åsa , Stahre Johan 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe paper aims to discuss the importance of considering both the physical and cognitive automation when aiming for a flexible or reconfigurable assembly system. This is done in order to handle the increased demand for mass customized production and to maintain or improve the social sustainability within the company.Design/methodology/approachThe methodologies used in this paper are a theoretical review about task allocation and levels of automation and a methodology called DYNAMO++ for the industrial case studies.FindingsThe paper provides both theoretical and empirical insights about the importance of considering both the cognitive and physical automation when aiming for a reconfigurable assembly system.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper will only discuss the cognitive strategy from a social sustainability perspective and not from an economical or environmental angle.Practical implicationsThe paper presents data from three industrial case studies, mostly in the automotive industry. The result points towards a need for a more structured and quantitative method when choosing automation solutions, furthermore an increased use of cognitive automation solution.Social implicationsThe results from the case studies show that when the complexity and variety of products increases, a cognitive support for the operators is needed. This strengthens the theory of a need for a cognitive automation strategy within companies.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates an advance in the state of the art in task allocation. The concept model and the DYNAMO++ method can be seen as a step closer towards quantitative measures of task allocation (i.e. changes in both physical and cognitive LoA) and dynamic changes over time.