bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Water and Soil Conservation (WSC) on the Soil Chemical, Biological, and Physical Quality of a Plinthosol in Niger
Authors: Wildemeersch Jasmien C. J. , Garba Maman , Sabiou Mahamane , Sleutel Steven , Cornelis Wim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe hazard for recurring food insecurity in the Sahel is largely affected by insufficient biomass productivity of degraded, marginal lands. In general, water and soil conservation (WSC) techniques are believed to tackle the deterioration of soil quality by enhancing soil hydraulic properties, soil life, and soil organic carbon (SOC) content, but this beneficial effect on soil quality is hardly ever quantified in WSC research. This study therefore evaluates the effect of WSC on soil chemical, physical, and biological quality indicators by means of an in situ experiment, which was installed in 2011 nearby Sadoré, Niger. The treatments include the following: zaï + manure (Z), demi‐lunes + manure, scarification + manure, control + manure, and control. WSC increases grain yields up to 0·7 ± 0·2 Mg ha−1 on degraded, marginal lands, which is similar to yields produced on fertile lands in the area. Nevertheless, a trade‐off between biomass production and SOC accumulation was observed. After three growing seasons, SOC was found to rise significantly for the treatments provided with manure, from ±2·5 to ±5 g kg−1, but the increase was lowest for Z, which produced the highest yields. WSC also showed significantly elevated nematode counts but did not considerably affect other soil chemical and soil physical properties. Hence, on the short term, WSC does not improve soil quality, as was widely proclaimed. Therefore, future research should include the assessment of long‐term WSC effects and the evaluation of integrated management combining WSC with alternative, yield‐enhancing strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A compact multiband printed antenna for smart‐phone applications
Authors: Ding Hong‐Ze , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Ni Tao 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA multiband coupled‐fed printed antenna with compact branch structure for 4G mobile phone is proposed in this letter. The antenna has a planar structure with a small board space of 15 × 29 mm2. A driven monopole strip and a coupled branch‐strip are developed on different sides of a thin FR4 substrate to produce different operation bands. The antenna can operate in octa‐bands, including GSM850, GSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900, UMTS, LTE2300, LTE2500, and WLAN, with the return losses more than 6 dB. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, and its measured results including return losses, efficiencies, and gains are presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2289–2294, 2015
Design of the ESPAR antenna with improved DC bias
Authors: Choi Se‐Ah , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Choi Hak‐Keun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, an electrically steerable passive array radiator antenna was designed, consisting of a cylindrical dipole active element and four flat dipole parasitic elements. Using a varactor diode, which is a variable capacitor, reactance was applied to the parasitic elements and beam steering to a preferred direction can be achieved through the reactance change. A common ground was used for negative voltage applied lines, which were DC bias lines to control varactor diode voltage, with the active element ground. Using this structure, the number of DC bias lines could be reduced, resulting in the advantage of constructing a simple control circuit. In addition, using a quarter‐wave meander strip line in the negative voltage applied lines, a voltage standing wave ratio characteristic was improved and an antenna gain was increased. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2281–2286, 2015
The characteristics of the dipole espar antenna using the cross‐coplanar waveguide feed
Authors: Park Jae‐Sung , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Choi Hak‐Keun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article suggests a dipole electrically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna that uses a crossed coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line that can be applied to beamspace multi‐input‐multioutput communication. The dipole antenna, which uses a vertically standing cylindrical structure, requires a feeding method that uses coaxial cable as the cable is connected inside the cylinder. As a result, it has the shortcoming of having to use cable with a limited diameter due to the cylindrical diameter as well as weak structure because of the flexible characteristic of coaxial cable. The antenna suggested in this article is rigid because it has a crossed PCB structure and it also has easier impedance matching than the cable feeding method because has a CPW transmission line. Moreover, the crossed CPW dipole ESPAR antenna turned out to have a radiation pattern similar to a dipole ESPAR antenna composed of a cylindrical structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2238–2242, 2015
The resonating MTM‐based miniaturized antennas for wide‐band RF‐microwave systems
Authors: Alibakhshi‐Kenari Mohammad , Naser‐Moghadasi Mohammad , Sadeghzadeh Ramzanali 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTNew concepts to designing the miniaturized carved planar metamaterial antennas with special configurations for wide band FR, microwave, and wireless communication systems are presented. To realize the proposed antennas, composite right/left‐handed (RH/LH) transmission lines (TLs) as a general TLs possessing both LH) and RH natures are implemented by the standard manufacturing techniques, so the E‐shaped slits and the split ring resonator as spiral inductors perform the roles of the series LH capacitors (CL) and shunt LH inductors (LL), respectively, so that by optimizing these elements in their numbers and dimensions, the good operational performances of antennas can be achieved. The proposed antennas are constructed using two and three unit cells with E‐shaped layouts having overall dimensions of 0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 and 0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, where λ0 is free space wavelength at the operating frequencies of 500 and 650 MHz, respectively. The antennas cover the frequency bandwidths of 500 MHz–1.35 GHz (850 MHz) and 650 MHz–1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), which correspond to 91.9% and 96.0% fractional bandwidths, respectively. Besides the small dimensions and wide bandwidth characteristics, the measured gains and efficiencies are 5.3 dBi and 85% at 1 GHz for the first antenna, and 5.7 dBi and 90% at 1.4 GHz for the second antenna. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2339–2344, 2015
Compact high‐selectivity bandpass filter using a novel uniform coupled‐line dual‐mode resonator
Authors: Wu Yongle , Hu Binxuan , Nan Lixia , Liu Yuanan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBased on a single and uniform coupled‐line section, a novel and simple dual‐mode resonator with a wide range of external quality factor is proposed. The even‐ and odd‐mode (dual‐mode) resonance frequencies are created from unequal effective dielectric constants of a single coupled line. The operating principle is explained, and simulated examples are illustrated. Finally, a microstrip narrowband (14%) dual‐mode high‐selectivity bandpass filter operating at 2.6 GHz with two transmission zeros (2.02 and 2.97 GHz) is designed, fabricated, and measured. The good agreement between the simulated and measured results verifies this proposed idea. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2355–2358, 2015
Size miniaturization of slit‐based circular patch antenna with defected ground structure
Authors: Reddy B. R. Sanjeeva , Vakula D. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis letter proposes a novel compact circular patch antenna that is simulated, fabricated, and measured for different wireless applications. Traditional circular antenna is modified with dual T‐ shaped slits placed on top and bottom positions, to obtain the tri band resonant frequencies. Metallic ground plane behind the radiating patch is placed with a dual E‐shaped defected ground structure (DGS) achieving size miniaturization and bandwidth (BW) enhancement at dual bands. Antenna is well performed with and without placement of DGS in terms of obtained gain. Shape, dimensions of the finite ground plane, and frequency shift property using defect on the patch are the key factors in improving the BW and reducing the size. BWs of 3.9 and 3.6% are obtained for 1.56 and 2.47 GHz bands, respectively. The optimized dimensions of DGS are selected without degrading the antenna performance. This single layer probe feed antenna is analyzed, simulated using IE3D tool and also performed experimentally. Frequency shift technique of DGS would attain compact antenna size and is also capable of providing dual bands with better impedance matching and acceptable gain. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2410–2413, 2015
A novel UWB rectangular slot disk monopole antenna with band‐notch characteristics
Authors: Aldhaheri Rabah W. , Babu Kamili Jagadeesh , Syed Avez , Sheikh Muntasir M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, a simple, low cost, and compact‐printed monopole ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with band‐notch characteristics is proposed. The antenna operates from 3 to 11.2 GHz covering the UWB band (3.1–10.6 GHz), while rejecting the frequency band 5.15–5.825 GHz, which is limited by IEEE 802.11a. The proposed antenna has a small size of 26 × 31 mm2 and is designed on an FR4 substrate with permittivity (εr) 4.5 having a thickness of 1.52 mm. A parametric study is performed to understand the effects of antenna parameters on its performance. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is also observed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2405–2410, 2015
Efficient analysis of lossy SIW structures based on the parallel plates waveguide Green's function and fast frequency sweep
Authors: Amendola Giandomenico , Angiulli Giovanni , Arnieri Emilio , Boccia Luigi 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA fast frequency analysis of lossy substrate‐integrated waveguides based on the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) and Padè approximant technique in conjunction with the dyadic Green's function technique, is presented. The derivatives needed to evaluate moments in the AWE method are computed in a simple way thanks to an efficient method that reduces their computational cost. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2435–2437, 2015
A novel fractal for improving efficiency and its application in LTE mobile antennas
Authors: Eskandari Zeinab , Keshtkar Asghar , Ahmadi‐Shokoh Javad , Ghanbari Leila 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we apply a novel fractal in arms of an antipodal dipole for antenna miniaturization that uses the Chu's sphere very effectively to keep antenna efficiency very high in comparison with its counterparts like Koch dipole/monopole. Then, a formula is extracted to determine the first resonance of the dipole. We used this method to design a mobile antenna at LTE13 band (746–787 MHz) which is well known for leading the size of a common dipole antenna to be very large for a handheld mobile. The proposed design shows 40% size reduction in comparison with a common dipole while antenna efficiency is better than 79.28% with S11 greater than 10 dB. It also covers LTE band2 (1850–1990 MHz) with S11 and efficiency better than 6 dB and 78.91%, respectively. The overall size of the printed antenna is 62 × 115 × 1.6 mm3. The simulation and measurement results verify the presented calculations very well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2429–2434, 2015
A CPW‐fed triple band OCSRR embedded monopole antenna with modified ground for WLAN and WIMAX applications
Authors: Pandeeswari R. , Raghavan S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA coplanar waveguide fed triple band antenna is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) applications. The proposed antenna consists of rectangle monopole with modified ground plane and open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR) loading. The overall size of the antenna is 30 × 40 × 0.8 mm3, which provides Omnidirectional pattern in all three bands. The prototype of antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidths are 300 MHz (2.40–2.70 GHz), 680 MHz (3.32–4.00 GHz), and 1040 MHz (4.76–5.8 GHz) with resonance frequency at 2.6 GHz,3.4GHz, and 5GHz, respectively, which is suitable for WLAN/WiMAX applications. Parametric study on OCSRR is discussed to validate the results. Simulated and measured results of the antenna are presented and discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2413–2418, 2015
A measurement method for radiation pattern of 94‐GHz chip planar antenna
Authors: Uhm Wonyoung , Choi Seokgyu , Ryu Keun‐Kwan , Kim SungChan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe proposed a measurement method for radiation pattern of the chip planar antenna. For the verification of the measurement method, we developed a 94‐GHz log‐periodic chip planar antenna on a GaAs substrate. To measure the radiation patterns, the 94‐GHz chip planar antenna was connected by three ribbon bonding wires to the CPW‐to‐WR10 transition. From the measurement at 94 GHz, the back‐to‐back transition has a loss of −4.09 dB and the back‐to‐back transition connected by three ribbon bonding wires has a loss of −5.40 dB. The measurement module has an insertion loss of −3.70 dB and a return loss of −15.79 dB. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2368–2371, 2015
Variable density randomized stack of spirals (VDR‐SoS) for compressive sensing MRI
Authors: Valvano Giuseppe , Martini Nicola , Landini Luigi , Santarelli Maria Filomena 
Published: July 2015

PurposeTo develop a 3D sampling strategy based on a stack of variable density spirals for compressive sensing MRI.MethodsA random sampling pattern was obtained by rotating each spiral by a random angle and by delaying for few time steps the gradient waveforms of the different interleaves. A three‐dimensional (3D) variable sampling density was obtained by designing different variable density spirals for each slice encoding. The proposed approach was tested with phantom simulations up to a five‐fold undersampling factor. Fully sampled 3D dataset of a human knee, and of a human brain, were obtained from a healthy volunteer. The proposed approach was tested with off‐line reconstructions of the knee dataset up to a four‐fold acceleration and compared with other noncoherent trajectories.ResultsThe proposed approach outperformed the standard stack of spirals for various undersampling factors. The level of coherence and the reconstruction quality of the proposed approach were similar to those of other trajectories that, however, require 3D gridding for the reconstruction.ConclusionThe variable density randomized stack of spirals (VDR‐SoS) is an easily implementable trajectory that could represent a valid sampling strategy for 3D compressive sensing MRI. It guarantees low levels of coherence without requiring 3D gridding. Magn Reson Med 76:59–69, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellulose‐Derived Supercapacitors from the Carbonisation of Filter Paper
Authors: Jiang Luyun , Nelson Geoffrey W. , Kim Heeyeon , Sim I. N. , Han Seong Ok , Foord John S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAdvanced carbon materials are important for the next‐generation of energy storage apparatus, such as electrochemical capacitors. Here, the physical and electrochemical properties of carbonised filter paper (FP) were investigated. FP is comprised of pure cellulose and is a standardised material. After carbonisation at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1700 °C, FP was contaminant‐free, containing only carbon and some oxygenated species, and its primary fibre structure was retained (diameter ≈20–40 μm). The observed enhancement in conductivity of the carbonised FP was correlated with the carbonisation temperature. Electrochemical capacitance in the range of ≈1.8–117 F g−1 was achieved, with FP carbonised at 1500 °C showing the best performance. This high capacitance was stable with >87 % retained after 3000 charge–discharge cycles. These results show that carbonised FP, without the addition of composite materials, exhibits good supercapacitance performance, which competes well with existing electrodes made of carbon‐based materials. Furthermore, given the lower cost and renewable source, cellulose‐based materials are the more eco‐friendly option for energy storage applications.
Sequential injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection for rapid monitoring of commercial Calendula officinalis extractions
Authors: Hughes Rachel R. , Scown David , Lenehan Claire E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionPlant extracts containing high levels of antioxidants are desirable due to their reported health benefits. Most techniques capable of determining the antioxidant activity of plant extracts are unsuitable for rapid at‐line analysis as they require extensive sample preparation and/or long analysis times. Therefore, analytical techniques capable of real‐time or pseudo real‐time at‐line monitoring of plant extractions, and determination of extraction endpoints, would be useful to manufacturers of antioxidant‐rich plant extracts.ObjectivesTo develop a reliable method for the rapid at‐line extraction monitoring of antioxidants in plant extracts.Materials and MethodsCalendula officinalis extracts were prepared from dried flowers and analysed for antioxidant activity using sequential injection analysis (SIA) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection. The intensity of CL emission from the reaction of acidic potassium permanganate with antioxidants within the extract was used as the analytical signal. The SIA‐CL method was applied to monitor the extraction of C. officinalis over the course of a batch extraction to determine the extraction endpoint. Results were compared with those from ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC).ResultsPseudo real‐time, at‐line monitoring showed the level of antioxidants in a batch extract of Calendula officinalis plateaued after 100 min of extraction. These results correlated well with those of an offline UHPLC study.ConclusionSIA‐CL was found to be a suitable method for pseudo real‐time monitoring of plant extractions and determination of extraction endpoints with respect to antioxidant concentrations. The method was applied at‐line in the manufacturing industry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new TLC bioautographic assay for qualitative and quantitative estimation of lipase inhibitors
Authors: Tang Jihe , Zhou Jinge , Tang Qingjiu , Wu Tao , Cheng Zhihong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionLipase inhibitory assays based on TLC bioautography have made recent progress; however, an assay with greater substrate specificity and quantitative capabilities would advance the efficacy of this particular bioassay.ObjectiveTo address these limitations, a new TLC bioautographic assay for detecting lipase inhibitors was developed and validated in this study.MethodsThe new TLC bioautographic assay was based on reaction of lipase with β‐naphthyl myristate and the subsequent formation of the purple dye between β‐naphthol and Fast Blue B salt (FBB). The relative lipase inhibitory capacity (RLIC) was determined by a TLC densitometry with fluorescence detection, expressed as orlistat equivalents in millimoles on a per sample weight basis. Six pure compounds and three natural extracts were evaluated for their potential lipase inhibitory activities by this TLC bioautographic assay.ResultsThe β‐naphthyl myristate as the substrate improved the detection sensitivity and specificity significantly. The limit of detection (LOD) of this assay was 0.01 ng for orlistat, the current treatment for obesity. This assay has acceptable accuracy (92.07–105.39%), intra‐day and inter‐day precisions [relative standard deviation (RSD), 2.64–4.40%], as well as intra‐plate and inter‐plate precisions (RSD, 1.8–4.9%).ConclusionThe developed method is rapid, simple, stable, and specific for screening and estimation of the potential lipase inhibitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of traditional and ionic polymethacrylates by anion catalyzed group transfer polymerization
Authors: Strehmel Veronika , Senkowski Volker 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe hydrophobic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was successfully used as solvent in group transfer polymerization of traditional methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, n‐butyl methacrylate, and benzyl methacrylate) and of ionic liquid methacrylates (ILMAs). This demonstrates that this ionic liquid makes reaction conditions, which do not require the use of ultra‐dried solvents. The ILMAs were N‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐alkylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides bearing methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or hexyl substituents. Increasing size of the alkyl substituent at the cation results in decreasing glass transition temperature in case of both ionic liquid methacrylates and polymers derived of them. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature is significantly higher for these polymers compared with the ionic liquid methacrylates, and the effect of glass transition temperature reduction with increasing size of the alkyl substituent is stronger for the polymers. A mechanism was proposed explaining the catalytic function of the ionic liquid used as solvent for polymerization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2849–2859
Macrophage secretome from women with HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Colon Krystal , Perez‐Laspiur Juliana , Quiles Raymond , Rodriguez Yolanda , Wojna Valerie , Shaffer Scott A. , Leszyk John , Skolasky Richard L. , Melendez Loyda M. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeThirty to 50% of HIV patients develop HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) despite combined antiretroviral therapy. HIV‐1‐infected macrophages release viral and cellular proteins that induce neuronal degeneration and death. We hypothesize that changes in the macrophage secretome of HIV‐1 seropositive patients with HAND may dissect proteins related to neurotoxicity.Experimental designMonocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of 12 HIV+ and four HIV− women characterized for neurocognitive function. Serum‐free MDM supernatants were collected for protein isolation and quantification with iTRAQ® labeling. Protein identification was performed using a LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer and validated in MDM supernatants and in plasma using ELISA.ResultsThree proteins were different between normal cognition (NC) and asymptomatic neurocognitive disorders (ANI), six between NC and HIV‐associated dementia (HAD), and six between NC and HAD. Among these, S100A9 was decreased in plasma from patients with ANI, and metalloproteinase 9 was decreased in the plasma of all HIV+ patients regardless of cognitive status, and was significantly reduced in supernatant of MDM isolated from patients with ANI.Conclusions and clinical relevanceS100A9 and metalloproteinase 9 have been associated with inflammation and cognitive impairment, and therefore represent potential targets for HAND treatment.