bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case History: First Intelligent Well with Feed-Through Zonal Isolation in a Multilateral Sidetrack Completion in the Troll Field
Authors: Dahle Bjørn Olav , Prebeau-Menezes Leon , Smith Peter E. , Gjelstad Geir 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The Troll Field is located approximately 80 km northwest of Bergen in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea around 65 kilometers west of Kollsnes, and is operated by Statoil. The field is comprised of the main Troll East and Troll West structures in blocks 31/2, 31/3, 31/5 and 31/6. Although the field historically had produced large amounts of oil, it is now also a major gas producer, as it contains approximately 40% of total gas reserves on the Norwegian continental shelf. The gas reservoirs that are 1,400 meters below sea level are expected to produce for at least another 70 years. Statoil, wishing to run a deep sidetrack from the mother bore of a multilateral well, decided to evaluate several zonal isolation methods and to combine this with intelligent well completion technology. Since this would be a "first time" Statoil Troll field deep sidetrack from the mother bore in a multilateral well application, regardless of the technology selected, a full scale test to qualify the technology for the application would be required.
After evaluating several zonal-isolation methods, and their previous experiences with isolation concepts, Statoil decided to use a combination of intelligent well completion design with feed-through swellable packer technology. This combination concept would not only be the first intelligent well completion of its kind in the Troll field, it would also be the first ever Statoil use of feed-through swellable packers.
Swelling and differential pressure tests were initiated using oil from the Troll field. The testing revealed that this type of completion exceeded the sought-after requirements for the project. This well design was then approved and installed on a semi-submersible rig without any HSE incidents and ahead of plan. The well was put on production shortly thereafter, and zonal isolation was confirmed by selective closure of the flow control valves. Additionally a second nearly identical completion well design was installed in May 2013.
The paper will discuss the swellable packer design, qualification testing, planning, installation, and the results of the first intelligent completion with feed-through zonal isolation on the Troll Field.
Pre-Collection of Domestic Waste in Slum Districts of Yaoundé in
Cameroon: Socio-Economic and Sanitary Impact
Authors: Emmanuel Ngnikam , Emile Tanawa , Benoît Mougoue , Pierre Etoga Simon 
Published: September 2013

In developing countries, the management of solid waste constitutes one of the main challenges of the present
decade. A pre collecting pilot operation taking solid waste from individual households to municipal bins was implemented
at Melen in Yaounde.
The methods used for the preparation of this operation included meetings between project partners to agree on project
objectives and implementation, the identification and interviewing of key actors, conducting a population census and an
assessment of the waste generating activities in the targeted area, documenting research, meetings for information sharing
and discussion with the inhabitants and the mapping of potential waste collecting itineraries in the targeted areas.
By the end of the first year of investigation, we identified the actors of waste management and the services they offered,
identified the youth associations capable of waste collection process implementation, and assessed the population’s ability
to finance collection the cost of which varied between US$1.25 and US$5 per month. In addition, we noticed that 81% of
the households were ready to pay for the pre collection of their waste. The project team endeavoured to create an
environment that supported dialogue among various actors enabling follow-up and supervision of the process on the field.
The assessment of the first 5 years of the waste program has proven the commitment of the inhabitants to participate in
this type of operation through the direct payment for the service: 40 % of the targeted households continued to pay for the
pre collection service. The total contribution collected is about US$7,750 per year that permits the employment of 8
persons.
This operation collected 22.4 tons of waste per month between 2002 and 2007, waste that would have been otherwise
thrown into the streams, directly improving the environment and the population's health in these quarters.
Relative Valuation of Alternative Methods of Tax Avoidance
Authors: Inger Kerry K. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the relative valuation of alternative methods of tax avoidance. Prior studies find that firm value is positively associated with overall tax avoidance; I provide evidence that investors distinguish between methods of tax reduction in their valuation of tax avoidance. My analyses suggest that the impact of tax avoidance on firm value varies with tax risk, permanence of tax savings, tax planning costs, implicit taxes, and contrasts in disclosures of tax reduction in the financial statements. Tax avoidance resulting from stock option deductions is positively associated with firm value, accelerated depreciation is not associated with firm value, and deferral of residual U.S. tax on foreign earnings is negatively associated with firm value. The discount on tax avoidance generated by residual tax deferral is limited to firms with a presence in a tax haven and to tax avoidance revealed to investors through disclosure of the estimated residual tax.
Mössbauer study of Fe phases in terrestrial olivine basalts from southern Egypt
Authors: Hassan Kamaleldin M. , Dekan Julius 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Olivine basalts from southern Egypt were studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at 297 and 77 K, and by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra show three-magnetic sextets, three doublets of ferrous (Fe2+), and a weak ferric (Fe3+) doublet that is attributable to a nanophase oxide (npOx). The magnetic sextets relate to titanomagnetite and the Fe2+ doublets to olivine, pyroxene, and ulvöspinel. Variations in the hyperfine parameters of the various Fe components are attributed to changes in the local crystal chemistry. The intensity of oxidation (Fe3+/ΣFe) in the rocks varies from 20-27% with the oxidized iron largely residing in the titanomagnetite.
Sport Sponsorship Effectiveness – Polish Volleyball Case Study
Authors: Kot Sebastian , Kucharski Michał 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
While reflecting on sport sponsorship, it is crucial to consider that it is an investment in promotion from the sponsor's perspective. The idea of each investment, including that in sport sponsorship, is to commit money or capital with an expectation of profitable future returns or benefits. Thus, it is essential to undertake actions that enabling sponsors to establish whether a given sponsoring campaign was effective, i.e. whether it generated more benefits than expenses. This article presents the possibility of using Advertising Value Equivalency (AVE) to evaluate sport sponsorship effectiveness. Research conducted among Polish volleyball clubs aimed at recognizing factors considered by sponsors while evaluating results of engaging in sport sponsorship. The results and conclusions are presented in the content of the article. Additionally, there were introduced levels of AVE obtained by the most frequently displayed sponsors' branches of Plus Liga Kobiet and clubs participating in it in the seasons of 2008/2009, 2009/2010, and 2010/2011..
Differences in motor performance and somatic construction of children with intellectual disability in mild to moderate degrees
Authors: Bolach Bartosz , Bolach Eugeniusz , Drabik Magdalena 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The object of research was evaluation of motor performance and analysis of somatic construction of children with intellectual disability in mild to moderate degrees.
Material and methods: In research participated 80 students in age from 11 up to 14, pupils of Special Training and Education Centre in Jawor. The 40 children (20 boys and girls) with intellectual disability to mild degree and 40 children (20 boys and girls) with disability to moderate degree composed an experimental group. The motor performance is based on “Eurofit Special” test.
Results: The average results of the motor skills achieved in the group of children with intellectual disability in mild degree were statistically higher than in the group of children with intellectual disability in moderate degree. The boys from both groups, except of attempt to jump from the position, reached better results than girls.
Conclusion: Obtained results indicated a need to verify and continually improve the physical training to get better the versatile physical fitness of children with handicap to light degree.
Hatha yoga - an alternative form of supporting the health for the adapted physical activity (APA)
Authors: Palica Danuta , Zwierzchowska Anna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The benefits of physical activity have been repeatedly verified and documented in many research. That is why the fundamental problem lays not in a question “if” but “how” to stimulate physical activity specially among people with disabilities. On this field one of many problems to solve is selection of appropriate, effective and interesting forms of physical exercises.The main aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of hatha yoga as a health promoting tool.
Material and methods: Experiment involved a group of young women who exercised for 15 weeks to practice hatha yoga. The influence of hatha yoga on selected measures of functional health in accordance with the concept of Health Relations Fitness (spinal flexibility, balance, muscle strength and trunk strength and functional).
Results: The presented results indicate that hatha yoga has significant effect on the development of all the rated motor skills.
Conclusions: Hatha yoga exercises have proved its value as a tool to enhance the ability to maintain a balance, followed by trunk strength, flexibility and functional strength. That is why, we can conclude that hatha yoga exercises can be recommended for people with disabilities as a safe and healthy form of physical activity and be used as alternative form of adapted physical activity.
Use of strength exercises in rehabilitation process of persons with low back pain syndrome
Authors: Wójcicka Monika , Trzaskoma Zbigniew 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This work presents use of strength exercises in rehabilitation process of persons with low back pain syndrome. Numerous authors have exerted, that employment of these exercises has beyond increase of muscle strength also positive influence on range of motion of trunk and lower limbs and decrease of pain in persons with low back pain syndrome
Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among competitive high school male water polo players in Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ellapen Terry Jeremy , Stow Carl , Macrae Natalie , Milne Jessica , Van Heerden Hendrick Johan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
: Introduction: Water polo is an aggressive, competitive aquatic game played by two teams of seven players with the intention to defeat the opposing team by scoring more goals which occasionally generate musculoskeletal pain and injury. Water polo incorporates swimming, treading, throwing the ball, in a volatile, dynamic aquatic domain which lends itself to a high degree of aggression and direct physical contact among opposing players.
Aim: This study documented the prevalence of water polo related musculoskeletal pain among competitive adolescent male water polo players residing in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa (n=100).
Material and methods: Subjects completed a self-report musculoskeletal pain questionnaire, which gathered their demographical, epidemiological and exercise history over the last 12 months. The following descriptive statistics (mode, mean, frequency, percentages) and inferential statistics (chi-square set at a probability of 0.05) were employed to analyse the data.
Results: Seventy-two of the cohort sustained musculoskeletal pain within the last 12 months (p< 0.001). The most prevalent anatomical sites that sustained water polo related musculoskeletal pain were; shoulder (51.04%), knees (23.95%) and vertebral column (17.71%) (p<0.0001). The predisposing mechanisms of producing this water polo related musculoskeletal pain were over-training (88.00%), rapid rotational movements (8.00%), collision with players (2.66%), and being struck with the ball (1.33%) (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Competitive adolescent male water polo players residing in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa experienced a high prevalence of water polo related shoulder, knee and vertebrae musculoskeletal pain.
Physical fitness women over 60 years of age participating in the activities of the University of the Third Age
Authors: Zdrodowska Agnieszka , Wiszomirska Ida , Niemierzycka Agnieszka , Czajkowska Anna , Magiera Andrzej , Słoń Milena 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Morphological and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs causing characteristic for old age reduction of the efficiency of all organs, and therefore decrease in the level of physical fitness. To determine its level, to find areas of weakness and select optimal physical activity programs that will improve the quality of life and health of older people it is necessary to multi-dimensional assess the level of physical fitness.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the fitness level of students of the University of the Third Age in Warsaw Almamer with Fullerton Functional Fitness Test in relation to American standards.
Material and methods: The study was conducted on a 40-person group of students of the University of Third Age Almamer in Warsaw, at the age of 60-70 years. Mobility assessment was based on a comparison of results obtained by the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test with standards developed by the authors test for the U.S. population.
Results: In all trials conducted with Fullerton Test women got positive results after normalization to the mean and standard deviation of the U.S. population peers. The greatest variation among the test subjects compared to American standards test result was observed in flexion of the forearm. Conclusions: The tested listeners of UTW characterized a good level of physical fitness Fullerton The test evaluated in relation to American standards. According to the authors, developing standards for the test used in Polish conditions would contribute to a more reliable assessment of people over 60 years old.
Spatial and temporal variability of the interception in the natural wetland valley, the lower Biebrza basin case study
Authors: Ignar Stefan , Węglewska Aleksandra , Szporak-Wasilewska Sylwia , Chormański Jarosław 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Spatial and temporal variability of the interception in the natural wetland valley, the lower Biebrza basin case study. The paper presents the research carried out in the lower basin of Biebrza River valley in order to identify interception for natural wetland plant communities. Maximum interception, i.e. the largest amount of water, expressed in millimeters, which can be captured and retained by plant canopy from rainfall is one of the key parameters of the water cycle modeling. Maximum interception was determined based on the difference of the masses of wet and dry fresh plant samples. Collection of plant material samples took place during the five measurement sessions, which began immediately after the flood recedes, and then lasted until the end of the growing season. Interception spatial variability was analyzed on the basis of the results of maximum interception measured for selected plant aggregations in the different sampling points. The obtained values were extrapolated to the area of the lower basin of Biebrza River using vegetation map of the Biebrza National Park. By conducting a test sessions in the five coming months, the maps of the spatial variability also show changes over time. Methodology used in the described tests allowed for obtaining of satisfactory results. They present, in a correct way, variation occurring between the plant aggregations due to their morphology. In most cases the results are consistent with data from the literature. As results of the analysis of spatial variability of the maximum interception, the highest values were found for the plant communities located in the immediate vicinity of the river channel. With the increase of the distance from river towards the valley edges the maximum interception values decrease. These changes can be seen in the form of strips parallel to the river channel, which corresponds to the plant zones. Obtained map of spatial variability of the maximum interception, which is the results of extrapolation of the values assigned to plant communities, has a high correlation with the map resulting from the analysis of satellite images
Exercise as Treatment for Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Roessler Kirsten K. , Bilberg Randi , Jensen Kurt , Kjaergaard Anne-Sofie , Dervisevic Ajla , Nielsen Bent 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical management of alcohol dependence involves evidence-based knowledge on medical treatment, physical training, and psychological management. This pilot study investigates the effect of physical exercise on cardio-respiratory fitness and socio-psychological outcomes.Design: 10 alcohol patients are included to 12 times moderate intensity exercise in groups.Methods:Aerobic power, anxiety, and depression are measured at baseline and post intervention. Observations of the instructor are described.Results:No significant change of aerobic power, but decreased subjective exhaustion. A trend is shown of decreased depression and less concern. Clinical observations showed the testing environment as obstacle and found the communicative role of the instructor crucial.Conclusion: Future research with regard of adherence has to concentrate on the social and contextual aspects of physical activity as treatment.
Contribution des Enseignants Associés dans la Formation Professionnelle des Étudiants en EPS. Analyse de l’Entretien Conseil
Authors: Bennour Nabila , Zghibi Makram , Jayari Sheima 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper summarizes a research that aims to support the decision in the sector of practical training of Physical education’s teachers. The research consists of an analysis of the content of the counseling meeting, as well as the identification of the effective contribution of associate teachers (EA) with students trainees (ES). In a qualitative approach, we analyzed the content of 16 counseling meeting, registered with four dyads EA/ES, distributed on three reception’s institutions in the governorate of Tunis. The analysis is based on a categorical analysis, which is a division of EA’s discourse in thematic units based on three constituents with a theme of “organization”, “interventions with students” and “taught content”. The analysis inter-categorical of counseling meeting allowed us, in particular, to point the priority concerns of the EA for the organizational aspects in terms of didactical aspects. These results suggest doubting the quality of the contribution of EA. However, these results must be nuanced if we consider conditions and constraints of supervision.
A New High Accuracy Off-Step Discretisation for the Solution of 2D Nonlinear Triharmonic Equations
Authors: Singh Swarn , Singh Suruchi , Mohanty R. K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this article, we derive a new fourth-order finite difference formula based on off-step discretisation for the solution of two-dimensional nonlinear triharmonic partial differential equations on a 9-point compact stencil, where the values ofu,(∂2u/∂n2) and (∂4u/∂n4) are prescribed on the boundary. We introduce new ways to handle the boundary conditions, so there is no need to discretise the boundary conditions involving the partial derivatives. The Laplacian and biharmonic of the solution are obtained as a by-product of our approach, and we only need to solve a system of three equations. The new method is directly applicable to singular problems, and we do not require any fictitious points for computation. We compare its advantages and implementation with existing basic iterative methods, and numerical examples are considered to verify its fourth-order convergence rate.
Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Malnutrition Among Under-5 Children in Ethiopia
Authors: Zeleke Berihun Megabiaw , Rahman Azizur 
Published: September 2013

Objectives: This paper studied the prevalence and determinants of chronic malnutrition in under-5 children from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset.
Methods: The 2011 EDHS collected data on the nutritional status of children by measuring the height and weight of all children under age five in the sampled households, and calculated anthropometric indicators using the new WHO (2006) growth standards.
Children whose height-for-age Z-score was below minus two standard deviations (−2 SD) from the median of the WHO reference population are considered stunted or chronically malnourished and if Z-scores are between −3 SD ≤ Z-score < −2 SD were identified as moderately stunted and if below −3 SD as severely stunted. Some variables were computed by combining information for original variables. The 2011 Ethiopian DHS dataset was obtained for further analysis from MEASURE DHS after permission. Complete anthropometric data for 9,611 children aged 0 to 59 months were analyzed.
Results: The overall prevalence of stunting in children was 42.3%, with 20.4% severely stunted. Socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with both severe and moderate forms of stunting. Multivariate analysis showed that parents' education, household wealth index, age of household head, child's age, months of breast-feeding, place of delivery, media exposure, mother's BMI and residential differentials were the underlining determinants of stunting.
Conclusions: Chronic malnutrition in children is a public health problem in Ethiopia specifically as children grow older to age three. To achieve the Millennium Development Goal target of 34% malnutrition prevalence by 2015, it is imperative to have specific interventions focusing on causes that directly influence stunting in children.
Brève étude sur la perception, l’inconscient et le temps
Authors: Scarfone Dominique 
Published: September 2013

L’auteur propose ici une « étude », c’est-à-dire une exploration de la concordance et de la différence qui peut exister entre, d’une part, la conception énactive de la perception en philosophie de l’esprit (Alva Noë) et, d’autre part, la conception métapsychologique de la perception de l’autre humain, qui va du Projet de Freud à la théorie de la séduction généralisée de Laplanche. Par cette mise en parallèle de deux théories de la perception, l’auteur croit pouvoir étayer une proposition concernant la temporalité particulière de l’inconscient : un temps « actuel ». C’est une proposition dont il a commencé l’élaboration il y a quelques années et qu’il poursuit ici sous un nouvel angle.
L’intemporalité de l’inconscient
Authors: Pepin Louise 
Published: September 2013

L’inconscient freudien se caractérise d’être inextricablement lié à la notion de trace, une trace qui s’inscrit dans l’expérience vécue. Cette trace ne s’efface pas et nous la retrouvons dans les signifiants qui émaillent le discours, les actes psychiques tels le rêve, les symptômes, les actes d’un sujet. Ce qui s’est inscrit s’avère inaltérable sous l’action du temps. À l’aune de cette notion, l’inscription d’une trace, que deviennent la mémoire et nos souvenirs ?