bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind Speed Retrieval Based on Sea Surface Roughness Measurements from Spaceborne Microwave Radiometers
Authors: Hong Sungwook , Shin Inchul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWind speed is the main factor responsible for the increase in ocean thermal emission because sea surface emissivity strongly depends on surface roughness. An alternative approach to estimate the surface wind speed (SWS) as a function of surface roughness is developed in this study. For the sea surface emissivity, the state-of-the-art forward Fast Microwave Emissivity Model, version 3 (FASTEM-3), which is applicable for a wide range of microwave frequencies at incidence angles of less than 60°, is used. Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) observations are simulated using FASTEM-3 and the Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. The performance of the SWS retrieval algorithm is assessed by comparing its SWS output to that of the Global Data Assimilation System operated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The surface roughness is computed using the Hong approximation and characteristics of the polarization ratio. When compared with the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean data, the bias and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the SWS outputs from the proposed wind speed retrieval algorithm were found to be 0.32 m s−1 (bias) and 0.37 m s−1 (RMSE) for the AMSR-E 18.7-GHz channel, 0.38 m s−1 (bias) and 0.42 m s−1 (RMSE) for the AMSR-E 23.8-GHz channel, and 0.45 m s−1 (bias) and 0.49 m s−1 (RMSE) for the AMSR-E 36.5-GHz channel. Consequently, this research provides an alternative method to retrieve the SWS with minimal a priori information on the sea surface.
Bimodal Character of Cyclone Climatology in the Bay of Bengal Modulated by Monsoon Seasonal Cycle*
Authors: Li Zhi , Yu Weidong , Li Tim , Murty V. S. N. , Tangang Fredolin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The annual cycle of tropical cyclone (TC) frequency over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) exhibits a notable bimodal character, different from a single peak in other basins. The causes of this peculiar feature were investigated through the diagnosis of a genesis potential index (GPI) with the use of the NCEP Reanalysis I dataset during the period 1981–2009. A methodology was developed to quantitatively assess the relative contributions of four environmental parameters. Different from a conventional view that the seasonal change of vertical shear causes the bimodal feature, it was found that the strengthened vertical shear alone from boreal spring to summer cannot overcome the relative humidity effect. It is the combined effect of vertical shear, vorticity, and SST that leads to the GPI minimum in boreal summer. It is noted that TC frequency in October–November is higher than that in April–May, which is primarily attributed to the difference of mean relative humidity between the two periods. In contrast, more supercyclones (category 4 or above) occur in April–May than in October–November. It is argued that greater ocean heat content, the first branch of northward-propagating intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) associated with the monsoon onset over the BoB, and stronger ISO intensity in April–May are favorable environmental conditions for cyclone intensification.
Precipitation Contribution of Tropical Cyclones in the Southeastern United States from 1998 to 2009 Using TRMM Satellite Data
Authors: Prat Olivier P. , Nelson Brian R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to characterize the precipitation amounts originating from tropical cyclones (TCs) in the southeastern United States during the tropical storm season from June to November. Using 12 years of precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), the authors estimate the TC contribution on the seasonal, interannual, and monthly precipitation budget using TC information derived from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Results derived from the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 showed that TCs accounted for about 7% of the seasonal precipitation total from 1998 to 2009. Rainfall attributable to TCs was found to contribute as much as 8%–12% for inland areas located between 150 and 300 km from the coast and up to 15%–20% for coastal areas from Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle, southern Florida, and coastal Carolinas. The interannual contribution varied from 1.3% to 13.8% for the period 1998–2009 and depended on the TC seasonal activity, TC intensity, and TC paths as they traveled inland. For TCs making landfall, the rainfall contribution could be locally above 40% and, on a monthly basis, TCs contributed as much as 20% of September rainfall. The probability density functions of rainfall attributable to tropical cyclones showed that the percentage of rainfall associated with TC over land increased with increasing rain intensity and represent about 20% of heavy rainfall (&gt;20 mm h−1), while TCs account for less than 5% of all seasonal precipitation events.
Medium-Range Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis of Two Extreme Pacific Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Chang Edmund K. M. , Zheng Minghua , Raeder Kevin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this study, ensemble sensitivity analysis has been applied to examine the evolution of two extreme extratropical cyclones over the Pacific. Sensitivity using, as forecast metrics, forecast cyclone minimum pressure and location, as well as principal components (PCs) of the leading EOFs in forecast SLP variations near the cyclone center, has been computed for medium-range forecasts of up to 7.5 days. Results presented here show that coherent sensitivity patterns can be tracked from the forecast validation time back in time to at least day −6, with the sensitivity signal exhibiting downstream development characteristics in most cases. Comparing the different forecast metrics, sensitivity patterns derived from the PCs of the leading EOFs in forecast SLP variations are apparently more coherent than those derived from cyclone parameters.
To test whether the linear sensitivity analyses provide quantitatively accurate guidance under the highly nonlinear evolution of the atmospheric flow, perturbed initial condition experiments have been conducted using initial condition perturbations derived based on ensemble sensitivity. Results of this study suggest that in the medium range, perturbations derived from cyclone parameters are quite effective in modifying the evolution of the cyclones out to 5.5 days, but are largely ineffective for 7.5-day forecasts. On the other hand, perturbations derived based on the PCs of the leading EOFs are still quite effective in modifying forecast cyclone location out to 7.5 days. These results suggest that EOF-based sensitivities perform better than cyclone parameter-based sensitivities in the medium range.
Ergonomics in Mining
Authors: Apud Elías 
Published: August 2012

Objective: The objective of this article is to analyze the current state of knowledge regarding ergonomics in Chilean mining. Background: Information has been gathered during the past 15 years from studies of Chilean miners. Method: This article is based on a compilation of information of 700 workplaces where physical, mental, environmental, and organizational loads were evaluated with a systemic approach. Results: The results of the Chilean experience reveal that it is important to overcome the concept of “static” ergonomics focused on workplaces that may be valid for offices and machine operation but not for a significant number of miners who will be moving around workstations located in systems of different complexity. The consequence of these complex and dynamic work situations is that more than 50% of absenteeism for health reasons is attributed to musculoskeletal disorders, and there are no standard recommendations that universally apply. The results showed that these problems can be tackled by implementing participatory programs. Conclusion: The main conclusion of the Chilean experience is that there is a need to continue advancing from diagnostic studies to participatory interventions. At the same time, it is imperative that all new investments in plants, small or large, include considerations of relevant ergonomic concepts from the early planning stages. It is also important to increase ergonomic training within companies, including not only the managers who make major decisions but also the workers who are directly affected by the lack of ergonomics. Application: It is expected that this description of the Chilean experience may be useful for other countries where mining is also a source of income and employment.
A 10-year literature review of family caregiving for motor neurone disease: Moving from caregiver burden studies to palliative care interventions
Authors: Aoun Samar M , Bentley Brenda , Funk Laura , Toye Chris , Grande Gunn , Stajduhar Kelli J 
Published: August 2012

Background: There is growing awareness that different terminal diseases translate into different family caregiver experiences, and the palliative and supportive care needs of these families are both similar and unique. Family members caring for people with motor neurone disease may experience exceptional strain due to the usually rapid and progressive nature of this terminal illness. Aim: The purpose of this review is to synthesize contemporary research and provide a comprehensive summary of findings relevant to motor neurone disease family caregivers, as well as highlight some of the suggested interventions to alleviate burden and improve quality of life for this group. Design: We conducted a comprehensive review of empirical research on family caregiving for people with motor neurone disease in peer-reviewed journals published in English, January 2000–April 2011. Fifty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: This comprehensive literature review was consistent with previous research documenting the substantial burden and distress experienced by motor neurone disease family caregivers and revealed important points in the trajectory of care that have the potential for negative effects. The diagnosis experience, assisted ventilation, cognitive changes and end-of-life decision making create challenges within a short time. This review has also implicated the need for improvements in access to palliative care services and highlighted the absence of interventions to improve care. Conclusions: Caregiver burden and quality-of-life studies on motor neurone disease family caregivers have so far dominated the research landscape .The focus needs to be on developing interventions that provide direct practical and psychosocial supports for motor neurone disease family caregivers.
Occupational Health Hazards: A Study of Bus Drivers
Authors: Bhatt Bindu , Seema M.S. 
Published: August 2012

Health has always been closely linked with occupation. Sound health in relation to vocation and employment is the most important aspect of the very life of an individual who works and to the society as a whole. Occupational hazards natural in the work environment have become more prominent in the post-industrial societies. These include a wide range of health problems ranging from asthma, heart attack, high blood pressure, stress and other psychological disorders, with many more to list. Occupational health is therefore, an aspect seeking attention at the individual, group and community levels. The related study deals with ergonomics—a link between the worker and his working environment. This would have impact on the body and discomfort reflected in various parts of the body bringing about certain health problems. The present article is an attempt to explore the health hazards among the bus drivers and conductors employed in State Road Transport Corporations. The attempt is directed at investigating risk factors at micro-level in a community of drivers and conductors. It not only establishes the link between health and work environment but also facilitates in assessing the adverse impacts that may be expected.
Touching, unbelonging, and the absence of affect
Authors: Khanna Ranjana 
Published: August 2012

This article argues that psychoanalytic notions of affect – including ideas of anxiety and melancholia, as well as deconstructive concepts of auto-affection – offer a feminist ethico-politics and a notion of affect as interface. Beyond the confines of the experiential and the positivist, both psychoanalysis and deconstruction provide insights into affect as a technology that understands the subject as porous. I consider works by Derek Jarman and Shirin Neshat to demonstrate the importance of the ethico-politics of affect as interface in contemporary cultural production. Both artists, in the process of considering the spectacular nature of notions of feminist and queer, use images of interface as a way of delimiting the spectacular nature of being and demonstrating the singularity of the event, the desire to fix through framing, and the parergonal nature of framing. The presence of the subject is questioned even as an auto-affection is suggestive of a spectral demand of the ethico-political. In the case of Jarman’s Blue, the denial of image as face in favour of the screen as interface is interrupted by sound and voice, which gesture toward representation as impossible but necessary. In the case of Neshat, the persistence of the photographic – the highly aesthetic self-portrait as mugshot – foregrounds face as interface, as one that questions presence through the insistence of a representational apparatus.
Prevalence and control of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with microalbuminuria in a Chinese hospital
Authors: Wang Shao-hua , Wang Lu , Zhou Yi , Guo Yi-jing , Yuan Yang , Li Feng-fei , Huang Yan , Xia Wen-qing 
Published: August 2012

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that dyslipidaemia plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetes. Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes. Little information exists on the prevalence and control of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with microalbuminuria in China. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and control of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with microalbuminuria in a Chinese hospital as well as factors affecting the disease. Methods: A total of 1060 type 2 diabetic inpatients were assigned to the with-microalbuminuria group ( n = 635) or the without-microalbuminuria group on the basis of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs = 30–299 mg/g). Serum levels and the control of lipid profiles were assessed and classified according to the 2011 American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines, and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL-C) was also assessed and classified according to Chinese intensified control criteria. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the factors affecting lipid variables. Results: Among patients with microalbuminuria, a significantly lower prevalence was found (33.1% vs. 58.6%; 35.3% vs. 52.5%, all p < 0.001) at target levels [LDL-C < 2.60 mmol/L or high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C) > 1.0 mmol/L for men and >1.3 mmol/L for women]. According to the intensified LDL-C goal (<2.07 mmol/L), a lower prevalence was found in male patients (15.5% vs. 32.7%, p < 0.001). Fewer patients with microalbuminuria were adherent to the therapy prescribed for dyslipidaemia (28.8% vs. 43.3%, p < 0.001). Even among patients who were on lipid-lowering treatment, the majority of individuals remained uncontrolled for all three lipid fractions [LDL-C, HDL-C and triglyceride (TG)] (82.5% vs. 69.0%, p = 0.003). Lipid and lipoprotein parameters were associated with gender and age. Conclusion: In China, diabetic patients with microalbuminuria displayed typical dyslipidaemias and were not adequately controlled. Intensified LDL-C and overall lipid-lowering clinical goals are potential precautions taken against diabetic nephropathy.
Rozrolimupab, a mixture of 25 recombinant human monoclonal RhD antibodies, in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Robak Tadeusz , Windyga Jerzy , Trelinski Jacek , von Depka Prondzinski Mario , Giagounidis Aristoteles , Doyen Chantal , Janssens Ann , Álvarez-Román María Teresa , Jarque Isidro , Loscertales Javier , Rus Gloria Pérez , Hellmann Andrzej , Jêdrzejczak Wiesław Wiktor , Kuliczkowski Kazimierz , Golubovic Lana M. , Celeketic Dusica , Cucuianu Andrei , Gheorghita Emanuil , Lazaroiu Mihaela , Shpilberg Ofer , Attias Dina , Karyagina Elena , Svetlana Kalinina , Vilchevska Kateryna , Cooper Nichola , Talks Kate , Prabhu Mukhyaprana , Sripada Prasad , Bharadwaj T. P. R. , Næsted Henrik , Skartved Niels J. Ø. , Frandsen Torben P. , Flensburg Mimi F. , Andersen Peter S. , Petersen Jørgen 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Rozrolimupab, a recombinant mixture of 25 fully human RhD-specific monoclonal antibodies, represents a new class of recombinant human antibody mixtures. In a phase 1 or 2 dose escalation study, RhD+ patients (61 subjects) with primary immune thrombocytopenia received a single intravenous dose of rozrolimupab ranging from 75 to 300 μg/kg. The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse events. The principal secondary outcome was the effect on platelet levels 7 days after the treatment. The most common adverse events were headache and pyrexia, mostly mild, and reported in 20% and 13% of the patients, respectively, without dose relationship. Rozrolimupab caused an expected transient reduction of hemoglobin concentration in the majority of the patients. At the dose of 300 μg/kg platelet responses, defined as platelet count ≥ 30 × 109/L and an increase in platelet count by > 20 × 109/L from baseline were observed after 72 hours and persisted for at least 7 days in 8 of 13 patients (62%). Platelet responses were observed within 24 hours in 23% of patients and lasted for a median of 14 days. Rozrolimupab was well tolerated and elicited rapid platelet responses in patients with immune thrombocytopenia and may be a useful alternative to plasma-derived products. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00718692.
Genomic variation in the vomeronasal receptor gene repertoires of inbred mice
Authors: Wynn Elizabeth H , Sánchez-Andrade Gabriela , Carss Keren J , Logan Darren W 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Vomeronasal receptors (VRs), expressed in sensory neurons of the vomeronasal organ, are thought to bind pheromones and mediate innate behaviours. The mouse reference genome has over 360 functional VRs arranged in highly homologous clusters, but the vast majority are of unknown function. Differences in these receptors within and between closely related species of mice are likely to underpin a range of behavioural responses. To investigate these differences, we interrogated the VR gene repertoire from 17 inbred strains of mice using massively parallel sequencing.

Results
Approximately half of the 6222 VR genes that we investigated could be successfully resolved, and those that were unambiguously mapped resulted in an extremely accurate dataset. Collectively VRs have over twice the coding sequence variation of the genome average; but we identify striking non-random distribution of these variants within and between genes, clusters, clades and functional classes of VRs. We show that functional VR gene repertoires differ considerably between different Mus subspecies and species, suggesting these receptors may play a role in mediating behavioural adaptations. Finally, we provide evidence that widely-used, highly inbred laboratory-derived strains have a greatly reduced, but not entirely redundant capacity for differential pheromone-mediated behaviours.

Conclusions
Together our results suggest that the unusually variable VR repertoires of mice have a significant role in encoding differences in olfactory-mediated responses and behaviours. Our dataset has expanded over nine fold the known number of mouse VR alleles, and will enable mechanistic analyses into the genetics of innate behavioural differences in mice.
Longitudinal in vitro surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to common anti-malarials in Thailand between 1994 and 2010
Authors: Parker Daniel , Lerdprom Rujira , Srisatjarak Wanna , Yan Guiyun , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Wood James , Sirichaisinthop Jeeraphat , Cui Liwang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Drug and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has existed in Thailand for several decades. Furthermore, Thailand serves as a sentinel for drug-resistant malaria within the Greater Mekong sub-region. However, the drug resistance situation is highly dynamic, changing quickly over time. Here parasite in vitro drug sensitivity is reported for artemisinin derivatives, mefloquine, chloroquine and quinine, across Thailand.

Methods
Blood was drawn from patients infected with P. falciparum in seven sentinel provinces along Thai international borders with Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, and Malaysia. In vitro parasite sensitivity was tested using the World Health Organization’s microtest (mark III) (between 1994 and 2002) and the histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (in 2010). Following World Health Organization protocol, at least 30 isolates were collected for each province and year represented in this study. Where possible, t-tests were used to test for significant differences.

Results
There appears to be little variation across study sites with regard to parasite sensitivity to chloroquine. Quinine resistance appears to have been rising prior to 1997, but has subsequently decreased. Mefloquine sensitivity appears high across the provinces, especially along the north-western border with Myanmar and the eastern border with Cambodia. Finally, the data suggest that parasite sensitivity to artemisinin and its derivatives is significantly higher in provinces along the north-western border with Myanmar.

Conclusions
Parasite sensitivity to anti-malarials in Thailand is highly variable over time and largely mirrors official drug use policy. The findings with regard to reduced sensitivity to artemisinin derivatives are supported by recent reports of reduced parasite clearance associated with artemisinin. This trend is alarming since artemisinin is considered the last defence against malaria. Continued surveillance in Thailand, along with increased collaboration and surveillance across the entire Greater Mekong sub-region, is clearly warranted.