bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and electricity consumption in Sub‐Saharan Africa: assessing the dynamic responses to climate variability
Authors: Karimu Amin , Mensah Justice Tei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractElectricity consumption in Sub‐Saharan Africa has surged over the past two decades, whereas economic fundamentals like growth in gross domestic product (GDP) might have contributed to this trend, the impact of changing climatic conditions cannot be underestimated. This study therefore investigates the dynamics among electricity consumption, temperature variability (a proxy for climate change) and economic growth, while controlling for urbanization within a structural vector error correction model for 11 countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Findings from the study indicate that a positive shock in temperature variability has a positive permanent effect on electricity consumption for all the countries except Togo, South Africa and Zimbabwe. In the case of Togo we find only transitory effects of positive shocks in temperature variability on electricity consumption. However, these effects are minimal, given the low penetration rate for air conditioners and heating devices in these countries. Moreover the findings further indicate that the effects of a positive shock in temperature variability on real GDP is consistent in terms of the direction of the effects, which is negative, but only vary across the sampled countries in relation to the period(s) the effects of the shocks completely diminished.
Investigating Implausible Gestational Age and High Birthweight Combinations
Authors: England Lucinda J. , Bulkley Joanna E. , Pazol Karen , Bruce F. Carol , Kimes Terry , Berg Cynthia J. , Hornbrook Mark C. , Callaghan William M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundBirth certificate data overestimate national preterm births because a high percentage of last menstrual period (LMP) dates have errors. Study goals were to determine: (i) To what extent errors in transfer of birthweight and LMP date from medical records to birth certificates contribute to implausibly high birthweight‐for‐gestational‐age births; (ii) What percentage of implausible births would be resolved if the clinical estimate (CE) from birth certificates were used instead of LMP‐based gestational age, and with what degree of certainty; and (iii) Of those not resolved, what percentage had a medical explanation.MethodsMedical records and birth certificates for all singleton infants with implausibly high birthweight‐for‐gestational‐age based on LMP delivered in the Kaiser Permanente Northwest system in Oregon during 1998–2007 were examined. Percentages of implausible records resolved under various scenarios were calculated.ResultsA total of 100 births with implausibly high birthweight‐for‐gestational age combinations were identified. When LMP date and birthweight from medical records were used instead of from birth certificates, 31% of births with implausible combinations were resolved. Substituting the CE on the birth certificate for the LMP date resolved 92%. Of the latter, the clinician's gestational age estimate in the medical record was obtained in early pregnancy in 72%. Five of the eight births with unresolved implausible combinations were to mothers with diabetes; the remaining three had no documented medical explanation.ConclusionsIn this study, use of the birth certificate CE rather than the LMP resulted in a clinically reliable reclassification for the majority of implausible birthweight‐for‐gestational age deliveries.
In the Shadow of Judicial Supremacy: Putting the Idea of Judicial Dialogue in Its Place
Authors: Kuo Ming‐Sung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractI aim to shed theoretical light on the meaning of judicial dialogue by comparing its practice in different jurisdictions. I first examine the practice of dialogic judicial review inWestminster democracies and constitutional departmentalism inAmerican constitutional theory, showing the tendency toward judicial supremacy in both cases. Turning finally to continentalEurope, I argue that the practice of constitutional dialogue there is reconciled with its postwar tradition of judicial supremacy through the deployment of proportionality analysis‐framed judicial admonition. I conclude that constitutional dialogue may take place amid the judicialization of constitutional politics, albeit in the shadow of judicial supremacy.
What Explains the Gender Gap in Schlepping? Testing Various Explanations for Gender Differences in Household‐Serving Travel*
Authors: Taylor Brian D. , Ralph Kelcie , Smart Michael 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesMany gender differences in travel have begun to converge. Has convergence occurred for household‐serving travel, which constitutes a very large and growing share of all trips? Moreover, what explains the division of household‐serving travel in heterosexual couples? In answering these questions, we test the salience of three theories about the gendered division of household labor: (1) time availability, (2) microeconomic, and (3) gender socialization.MethodsUsing data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2003 to 2012, we calculated the female‐to‐male ratio of household‐serving trips in several types of households (i.e., singles vs. couples and male vs. female breadwinner households).ResultsThere was some empirical support for each theory, but we find the most consistent and compelling evidence for gender socialization. We observe substantial gender differences in child‐ and household‐serving trips apart from household formation; even in households where women earn more, are better educated, or work more hours than their partners, women still make about half again as many child‐serving and grocery‐shopping trips as their male partners.ConclusionDespite dramatic changes in women's labor force participation over the past half‐century, the gender division of household‐serving travel remains strong.
A AUTOCONTENÇÃO JUDICIAL NO DIREITO ADMINISTRATIVO PARTICIPATIVO: O CASO DAS AUDIÊNCIAS PÚBLICAS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Bim Eduardo Fortunato 
Published: September 2015

O aumento de previsões participativas dos cidadãos está gerando uma burocratização excessiva ou superprocedimentalização do processo decisório estatal, baseado em critérios subjetivos e no casuísmo dos interesses dos impugnantes, desnaturando a função desses instrumentos ao lhes dar importância que não têm. O presente artigo discorre sobre tal tendência, com base no direito administrativo comparado estadunidense, especialmente sob o prisma de Vermont Yankee, cotejando-o com diversos precedentes envolvendo audiências públicas em matéria ambiental.
Comments on “Interdecadal Change of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset”
Authors: Chen Guanghua 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In a recent paper, Kajikawa and Wang detected the interdecadal shift of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset with a late SCSSM onset in an earlier epoch (1979–93) and an early SCSSM onset in a later epoch (1994–2008) and attributed this change to enhanced tropical cyclone (TC) activity and intraseasonal variability (ISV) related to 30–80-day and 10–25-day anomalies in the second epoch. This comment assesses the individual impact of TCs and ISV on the interdecadal change of the SCSSM onset by means of the removal of anomalies associated with TCs and ISV. Results herein show that TCs have no significant impact on the SCSSM onset in all years, except 2006 in which a strong and long-lived TC occurred over the South China Sea. After removing the 30–80-day anomaly, the difference in the mean SCSSM onset date in the two epochs decreases to some extent, implying that the 30–80-day anomaly can, in part, play a role in the interdecadal shift of the SCSSM onset. In contrast, the 10–25-day anomaly has an insignificant contribution to the interdecadal shift of the SCSSM onset. The discrepancy of ISV contribution results from the SCSSM background state, the magnitude and spatiotemporal scale of ISV, and the phase relationship between ISV and SCSSM transition from easterly to westerly.
Atmospheric Rivers and Rainfall during NASA’s Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) Campaign*
Authors: Nayak Munir A. , Villarini Gabriele , Bradley A. Allen 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) play a major role in causing extreme precipitation and flooding over the central United States (e.g., Midwest floods of 1993 and 2008). The goal of this study is to characterize rainfall associated with ARs over this region during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) campaign that took place in April–June 2013. Total precipitation during IFloodS was among the five largest accumulations recorded since the mid-twentieth century over most of this region, with three of the heavy rainfall events associated with ARs. As a preliminary step, the authors evaluate how well different remote sensing–based precipitation products captured the rainfall associated with the ARs and find that stage IV is the product that shows the closest agreement to the reference data. Two of the three ARs during IFloodS occurred within extratropical cyclones, with the moist ascent associated with the presence of cold fronts. In the third AR, mesoscale convective systems resulted in intense rainfall at many locations. In all the three cases, the continued supply of warm water vapor from the tropics and subtropics helped sustain the convective systems. Most of the rainfall during these ARs was concentrated within ~100 km of the AR major axis, and this is the region where the rainfall amounts were highly positively correlated with the vapor transport intensity. Rainfall associated with ARs tends to be larger as these events mature over time. Although no major diurnal variation is detected in the AR occurrences, rainfall amounts during nocturnal ARs were higher than for ARs that occurred during the daytime.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: does histology matter?
Authors: Lorente José A. , Ballén-Barragán Aida , Herrero Raquel , Esteban Andrés 
Published: September 2015

AbstractKao et al. have reported in Critical Care the histological findings of 101 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing open lung biopsy. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), the histological hallmark of ARDS, was present in only 56.4 % of cases. The presence of DAD was associated with higher mortality. Evidence from this and other studies indicates that the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS identify DAD in only about half of the cases. On the contrary, there is evidence that the clinical course and outcome of ARDS differs in patients with DAD and in patients without DAD. The discovery of biomarkers for the physiological (increased alveolocapillary permeability) or histological (DAD) hallmarks of ARDS is thus of paramount importance.
The PFP and ESG protein function prediction methods in 2014: effect of database updates and ensemble approaches
Authors: Khan Ishita K. , Wei Qing , Chapman Samuel , KC Dukka B. , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Functional annotation of novel proteins is one of the central problems in bioinformatics. With the ever-increasing development of genome sequencing technologies, more and more sequence information is becoming available to analyze and annotate. To achieve fast and automatic function annotation, many computational (automated) function prediction (AFP) methods have been developed. To objectively evaluate the performance of such methods on a large scale, community-wide assessment experiments have been conducted. The second round of the Critical Assessment of Function Annotation (CAFA) experiment was held in 2013–2014. Evaluation of participating groups was reported in a special interest group meeting at the Intelligent Systems in Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference in Boston in 2014. Our group participated in both CAFA1 and CAFA2 using multiple, in-house AFP methods. Here, we report benchmark results of our methods obtained in the course of preparation for CAFA2 prior to submitting function predictions for CAFA2 targets.

Results
For CAFA2, we updated the annotation databases used by our methods, protein function prediction (PFP) and extended similarity group (ESG), and benchmarked their function prediction performances using the original (older) and updated databases. Performance evaluation for PFP with different settings and ESG are discussed. We also developed two ensemble methods that combine function predictions from six independent, sequence-based AFP methods. We further analyzed the performances of our prediction methods by enriching the predictions with prior distribution of gene ontology (GO) terms. Examples of predictions by the ensemble methods are discussed.

Conclusions
Updating the annotation database was successful, improving the Fmax prediction accuracy score for both PFP and ESG. Adding the prior distribution of GO terms did not make much improvement. Both of the ensemble methods we developed improved the average Fmax score over all individual component methods except for ESG. Our benchmark results will not only complement the overall assessment that will be done by the CAFA organizers, but also help elucidate the predictive powers of sequence-based function prediction methods in general.
Metabolome of human gut microbiome is predictive of host dysbiosis
Authors: Larsen Peter E. , Dai Yang 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Humans live in constant and vital symbiosis with a closely linked bacterial ecosystem called the microbiome, which influences many aspects of human health. When this microbial ecosystem becomes disrupted, the health of the human host can suffer; a condition called dysbiosis. However, the community compositions of human microbiomes also vary dramatically from individual to individual, and over time, making it difficult to uncover the underlying mechanisms linking the microbiome to human health. We propose that a microbiome's interaction with its human host is not necessarily dependent upon the presence or absence of particular bacterial species, but instead is dependent on its community metabolome; an emergent property of the microbiome.

Results
Using data from a previously published, longitudinal study of microbiome populations of the human gut, we extrapolated information about microbiome community enzyme profiles and metabolome models. Using machine learning techniques, we demonstrated that the aggregate predicted community enzyme function profiles and modeled metabolomes of a microbiome are more predictive of dysbiosis than either observed microbiome community composition or predicted enzyme function profiles.

Conclusions
Specific enzyme functions and metabolites predictive of dysbiosis provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of microbiome–host interactions. The ability to use machine learning to predict dysbiosis from microbiome community interaction data provides a potentially powerful tool for understanding the links between the human microbiome and human health, pointing to potential microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.
Direct association of visit-to-visit HbA1c variation with annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Takenouchi Akiko , Tsuboi Ayaka , Terazawa-Watanabe Mayu , Kurata Miki , Fukuo Keisuke , Kazumi Tsutomu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background/Aims
This study examined associations of visit-to-visit variability of glycemic control with annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes attending an outpatient clinic.

Methods
Intrapersonal mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of 8-12 measurements of HbA1c and those of 4-6 measurements of fasting and post-breakfast plasma glucose (FPG and PPG, respectively) during the first 12 months after enrollment were calculated in a cohort of 168 patients with type 2 diabetes. Annual changes in eGFR were computed using 52 (median) creatinine measurements obtained over a median follow-up of 6.0 years. Multivariate linear regressions assessed the independent correlates of changes in eGFR.

Results
CV-HbA1c (standardized β、-0.257、p = 0.004) were significantly and log urine albumin/creatinine ratio (standardized β、-0.155、p = 0.085) and smoking (standardized β、-0.186、p = 0.062) tended to be associated with annual eGFR decline independently of mean HbA1c, age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, diabetes duration and therapy, means and CVs of FPG, PPG and systolic blood pressure, baseline eGFR, and uses of anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. Association between HbA1c variability and renal function decline was stronger in patients with albumin/creatinine ratio ≧ 30 mg/g than in those with normoalbuminuria (r = -0.400, p = 0.003 and r = -0.169, p = 0.07, respectively).

Conclusions
Consistency of glycemic control is important to preserve kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients, in particular, in those with nephropathy.
Synthesis and Dynamic Structures of a Hybrid Nanohoop Molecule Composed of Anthanthrenylene and Phenylene Panels
Authors: Sarkar Parantap , Sato Sota , Kamata Sho , Matsuno Taisuke , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A hybrid nanohoop molecule composed of anthanthrenylene and phenylene panels was synthesized. Structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy revealed the synchronous dynamics of the arylene panels in solution. Theoretical calculations further clarified the molecular structures involved in the dynamics and showed correlated rotations of neighboring arylene panels.
Inflammatory ulcera caused of vasculitides and vasculopathy
Authors: Kaisermayer E. S. , Daeschlein G. , Jünger M. , Lutze S. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn addition to traditional vascular causes ulceration of the lower leg as peripheral arterial disease and chronic venous insufficiency, it is primarily the vasculitis and vasculopathies, often are both diagnostically and therapeutically to a challenge.The disorder group ranked in the frequency distribution of the causes of a leg ulcer with <10 % rarely in the area, but is much more complex of the pathogenesis, the clinical picture, the course of therapy and often much more complex.The revised International in 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) Nomenclature of vasculitis is a first impression of the diversity of this group of diseases and makes it clear how important the medical history for diagnosis is.In the CHCC- categorizing the etiology, pathogenesis, the caliber of the vessel, the inflammatory type, the organs mainly affected, the clinical manifestation, genetic predisposition and demographic parameters were included.With this revision of the first CHCC nomenclature of 1994 took place an important adaptation to the latest findings. The group of vasculitis is divided specific, this facilitates the handling of the disease in clinical practice.The vasculopathies represent another rare fringe of the causes of an ulcer curis. These disorders are often as complex as a vasculitis and must be always used in difficult to treat ulcers in the differential diagnosis.
Comparative Analysis of Different Types Educational Institutions� Readiness for Teaching Pupils with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: �������  , Abkovich Alla , ��������  , Levchenko Irina 
Published: September 2015

The article focuses on parents� and teachers� expert assessment of readiness of educational institutions to teach pupils with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP).
The authors identified special educational conditions necessary for successful education of ICP children and developed questionnaires to determine the
level of satisfying these conditions in three types of educational institutions. The questionnaires include questions on the following categories of special
conditions: barrier-free architectural environment and the availability of special technical equipment and devices for teaching; staff; software and methodological
support; medical support and recovery activities; psychological and pedagogical support and intervention work; provisions for orthopedic
treatment; cooperation with parents. Results of questioning allowed carrying out the monitoring of special educational conditions relying on Federal
State Educational Standard for pupils with limited health abilities. The article presents a comparative analysis of the survey among parents and teachers
of special schools for children with musculoskeletal disorders, secondary schools and schools of distance learning, which educate children with cerebral
palsy.
On the Need to Prepare Teachers for Developing, Quality Assessing and System Activity Based Using Electronic Educational Resources
Authors: ��������  , Suvorova T. 
Published: September 2015

The paper analyzes the status of development and application of electronic educational resources. The author discloses economic and psychologicalpedagogic
reasons for creating electronic educational resources with low didactic and consumer characteristics. For a more detailed review, the problem
of understanding between customers and developers of electronic educational resources is described. The author sees the way out of the situation in
using system-activity approach in developing requirements for electronic educational resources, and presents a number of arguments to justify the suitability
of applying this approach. The paper singles out basic directions of teachers� training for development, quality assessment and use of electronic
educational resources in contemporary processes of learning in information-educational environment.
AVALIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE SOROPROTEÍNA NÃO DESNATURADA COMO UM INDICADOR DE TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO PARA LEITE UHT E LEITE EM PÓ
Authors: Oliveira Leandra Natália , Marinho Vanessa Toledo , Zamagno Marilana Vidal , Lauro Maraíse Aparecida , Barboza Jéssica Aparecida Norvino , Silva Paulo Henrique Fonseca da 
Published: September 2015

Durante o processamento térmico de produtos lácteos ocorrem diversas modificações químicas dentre as quais a desnaturação de soroproteínas é bastante evidente e estudada. Este fenômeno pode gerar gelificação em leite UHT e problemas de solubilização em leite em pó, dois importantes produtos lácteos amplamente difundidos no mercado nacional. O índice de soroproteína não-desnaturada (WPNI) pode ser uma ferramenta útil para avaliar o grau de severidade ao qual o leite está sendo submetido e, portanto, permite inferir sobre a ocorrência dos possíveis defeitos associados à desnaturação proteica. Neste estudo, verificou-se o teor de soroproteína não-desnaturada como indicador de tratamento térmico em leite submetido aos processamentos de ultrapasteurização e de secagem. As amostras comerciais de leite UHT e leite em pó analisadas apresentaram um intervalo de confiança de WPNI (2,39 ± 1,41) mg WPN.mL-1 e (2,63 ± 1,38) mg WPN.mL-1, respectivamente. De acordo com a análise estatística de variância, todas as amostras avaliadas diferiram entre si com um p-valor < 0,001; sendo que 90% das amostras de leite UHT e 67% para as amostras de leite em pó foram classificadas como submetidas a médio tratamento térmico. Os dados obtidos permitiram inferir sobre a severidade do tratamento térmico associado a cada tipo de produto analisado e foram capazes de demonstrar a falta de padronização dos processos de tratamento térmico nas amostras estudadas, fato este que pode ter como consequência o desenvolvimento de características indesejáveis nos produtos ao longo do período de estocagem e comercialização.