bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental height and child growth from birth to 2 years in theWHO MulticentreGrowthReferenceStudy
Authors: Garza Cutberto , Borghi Elaine , Onyango Adelheid W. , de Onis Mercedes ,   WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group
Published: October 2015

AbstractLinear growth from birth to 2 years of children enrolled in theWorldHealthOrganizationMulticentreGrowthReferenceStudy was similar despite substantial parental height differences among the six study sites. Within‐site variability in child length attributable to parental height was estimated by repeated measures analysis of variance using generalized linear models. This approach was also used to examine relationships among selected traits (e.g. breastfeeding duration and child morbidity) and linear growth between 6 and 24 months of age. Differences in intergenerational adult heights were evaluated within sites by comparing mid‐parental heights (average of the mother's and father's heights) to the children's predicted adult height. Mid‐parental height consistently accounted for greater proportions of observed variability in attained child length than did either paternal or maternal height alone. The proportion of variability explained by mid‐parental height ranged from 11% inGhana to 21% inIndia. The average proportion of between‐child variability accounted for by mid‐parental height was 16% and the analogous within‐child estimate was 6%. In theNorwegian andUSsamples, no significant differences were observed between mid‐parental and children's predicted adult heights. For the other sites, predicted adult heights exceeded mid‐parental heights by 6.2–7.8 cm. To the extent that adult height is predicted by height at age 2 years, these results support the expectation that significant community‐wide advances in stature are attainable within one generation when care and nutrition approximate international recommendations, notwithstanding adverse conditions likely experienced by the previous generation.
The Specification of Sex/Gender in the Human Species: A Thomistic Analysis
Authors: Austriaco Nicanor Pier Giorgio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo develop a philosophical framework to address the specification of sex/gender in humans, I will begin by summarizing what we know about the biology of sex determination in human beings. Basically, sex/gender is specified by several networks of genes anchored in the genetic interaction between the two genes, Sry and Sox9. Next, I will propose that this biological mechanism is best understood within a philosophical anthropology that embraces insights taken from systems biology to articulate a hylomorphism that explains the integrity, dynamism, and teleology of the human organism. The systems perspective described here represents one attempt to reformulate the received philosophical framework of classical Aristotelian-Thomistic hylomorphism so that it incorporates the insights of modern biology. Finally, I will use the systems perspective and key principles articulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his philosophy of nature to identify criteria that could be used to specify the sex/gender of a particular human being: The most certain criterion for maleness would be the capacity to produce sperm while the most certain criterion for femaleness would be the complementary capacity to produce eggs. Deviations from this criterion would decrease the certitude of our judgment regarding the sex/gender of the individual.
Waging Nonviolence: Reflections on the History Writing of the Pashtun Nonviolent Movement Khudai Khidmatgar
Authors: Bala Sruti 
Published: October 2015

Is not the Pashtun amenable to love and reason?He will go with you to hell if you can win his heart,but you cannot force him even to go to heaven.
The article investigates recurrent narratives in the cultural historiography of the early twentieth‐century nonviolent movement of the Pashtuns, known as Khudai Khidmatgar (1929–1948). Commentaries and studies of this movement are ridden with three inter‐connected problems: first, a cultural stereotyping of the Pashtuns, labeling acts of nonviolent resistance as an aberrant phase in a culture branded as inherently violent; second, a denial of the indigenous roots of the movement, viewing it as a provincial offshoot of Gandhianism; and third, an elitist privileging of the principles of nonviolence over concrete acts and practices. Employing a close reading of media reports and historical accounts, I argue that the Khudai Khidmatgar movement offered an example of radical nonviolent action, drawing from Islamic principles, and dialectically engaging with transnational debates. I propose a careful examination of the foreclosures and oversights in the historical narratives of nonviolent resistance movements.
Policy Analysis beyond Personal Law: Muslim Women's Rights in India
Authors: Harel‐Shalev Ayelet 
Published: October 2015

Granting legal rights to groups in deeply divided societies is important and necessary, but the cost of awarding these rights—in terms of their negative impact on civil rights, and particularly on women's rights—are key issues affecting the politics and policy of diverse polities. The article explores the implications for Muslim women of applying minority autonomy in India. In parallel, it delves into India's policy of religious autonomy for minorities as viewed by the political and legal authorities, and through the eyes of different sectors of the minority community. Analyzing the complex construction of rights within a communalized polity, this article attempts to transcend the ongoing debate on the implications of Muslim Personal Law in India and suggests policy directives aimed at empowering minority women. The Indian case provides a constructive microcosm for studying these tensions comprehensively and comparatively, and holds important lessons for other multicultural societies worldwide.Related Articles
Harel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 951‐970. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x/abstract

Pearson‐Merkowitz. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 258‐295. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00349.x/abstract

Sisk, Timothy D. 1992. “.” Southeatern Political Review 20 (): 1‐27. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x/abstract
Related Media
. 2006. “.” Government of India. http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/sachar_comm.pdf

Nayar, Usha. 2009. “.” Government of India, Department of Women and Child Development (DWCD). http://www.jeywin.com/wp‐content/uploads/2009/12/An‐Analytical‐Study‐of‐Education‐of‐Muslim‐Women‐and‐Girls‐in‐India.pdf
Morphometry, Morphology and Ultrastructure of Ring‐tailed Coati Sperm (Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Silva HVR , Magalhães FF , Ribeiro LR , Souza ALP , Freitas CIA , de Oliveira MF , Silva AR , Silva LDM 
Published: October 2015

ContentsThe ring‐tailed coati (Nasua nasua) is a procyonid whose population is in sharp decline. Therefore, studies are needed to better understand the reproduction of this animal. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the morphology, morphometry and sperm ultrastructure of ring‐tailed coati sperm. Four captive adult males were used for this study. Slides stained with Bengal Rose were used for the morphometric and morphologic analyses. The length and width of the head were measured, as well as the length of the midpiece and tail and the total length of the sperm. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used for the ultrastructural analyses. The most obvious morphological abnormalities observed were coiled tails (6.1 ± 8.7%) and the lack of acrosomes (5.4 ± 4.4%). Regarding the morphometry, the measurements of the head (length × width), midpiece (length) and tail (length) were (mean ± SD) 6.2 ± 0.4 × 8.1 ± 0.6 μm, 14.1 ± 0.5 and 63.9 ± 4.1 μm, respectively, and the total length of the sperm was 86.1 ± 4.3 μm. Through electron microscopy, the presence of electron‐lucent points in the nucleus and the presence of approximately 55 mitochondrial spirals in the midpiece were identified. The data obtained in this study provide detailed information on the sperm characteristics of coatis and may inform future research on germplasm conservation, both for this species and other threatened procyonids.
Olley–Pakes Productivity Decomposition: Computation and Inference
Authors: Hyytinen Ari , Ilmakunnas Pekka , Maliranta Mika 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe show how a moment-based estimation procedure can be used to compute point estimates and standard errors for the two components of the widely used Olley–Pakes decomposition of aggregate (weighted average) productivity. When applied to business level microdata, the procedure allows for autocovariance and heteroscedasticity robust inference and hypothesis testing about, for example, the coevolution of the productivity components in different groups of firms. We provide an application to Finnish firm level data and find that formal statistical inference casts doubt on the conclusions that one might draw on the basis of a visual inspection of the components of the decomposition.
Dependence Estimation for High‐frequency Sampled Multivariate CARMA Models
Authors: Fasen Vicky 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe paper considers high‐frequency sampled multivariate continuous‐time autoregressive moving average (MCARMA) models and derives the asymptotic behaviour of the sample autocovariance function to a normal random matrix. Moreover, we obtain the asymptotic behaviour of the cross‐covariances between different components of the model. We will see that the limit distribution of the sample autocovariance function has a similar structure in the continuous‐time and in the discrete‐time model. As a special case, we consider a CARMA (one‐dimensional MCARMA) process. For a CARMA process, we prove Bartlett's formula for the sample autocorrelation function. Bartlett's formula has the same form in both models; only the sums in the discrete‐time model are exchanged by integrals in the continuous‐time model. Finally, we present limit results for multivariate MA processes as well, which are not known in this generality in the multivariate setting yet.
Educating Seminarians for Convicted Civility in a Multifaith World
Authors: McConnell Douglas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSeminary education is adjusting to the global realities of inter‐religious encounter. An increasingly important element of equipping seminarians must be the ability to embrace two dimensions of mature faith; (1) deep convictions related to their own faith, and (2) genuine civility in their engagement with others. The practice of convicted civility is best learned experientially through participative assignments and close contact with people of other faiths. The article explores an approach by which students are encouraged to develop the capacity and skills to both address the faith issues that divide us and to respond to social issues that require the exercise of civility to live together peacefully. The experience of Fuller Seminary, an evangelical, multidenominational, and multiethnic institution provides a context for educating seminarians for convicted civility in a multifaith world.
Intracultural Interreligious Learning: Openings Toward Contextualization
Authors: Berling Judith , Lee Kanghack 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe authors developed and co‐taught a course on Korean indigenous spiritualities designed primarily for Korean Christians to reflect on whether such spiritualities might hold resources for their religious lives. Engaging students directly with the spiritual practices, texts, and representatives of the traditions, the course encouraged students to voice their understandings of these traditions on their own terms, and the extent to which they might hold resources for Korean Christianity. Starting each class session with pair discussions (in Korean, if desired), and then sharing the pair responses with the larger class for fuller discussion gradually developed intracultural interreligious openness to the Korean indigenous heritage. Two non‐Korean students brought “outsider” questions and responses to the conversation. Students reported that the learning experience was successful and valuable.
Staying Put: Local Context as Classroom for Multifaith Education
Authors: Yuskaev Timur R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis essay argues that multifaith concerns must become central components of curricula across theological education. It outlines a methodology for such incorporation in a course and for an audience that, at first glance, appears not to lend itself to such an approach, a Hartford Seminary course on Muslim public speaking for Islamic Chaplaincy students. This methodology is based on the model of educational programs developed by the Interfaith Center of New York for local religious leaders and professionals who work with and within religiously diverse settings, such as school teachers, court officials, health care professionals, and social workers. This model of practical multifaith education is based on the local realities of religious diversity that constitutes the context for the work of graduates of theological schools.
An enhanced plant lipidomics method based on multiplexed liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry reveals additional insights into cold‐ and drought‐induced membrane remodeling
Authors: Tarazona Pablo , Feussner Kirstin , Feussner Ivo 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWithin the lipidome of plants a few bulk molecular species hamper the detection of the rest, which are present at relatively low levels. In addition, low‐abundance species are often masked by numerous isobaric interferences, such as those caused by isoelemental species and isotopologues. This scenario not only means that minor species are underrepresented, but also leads to potential misidentifications and limits the structural information gathered by lipidomics approaches. In order to overcome these limitations we have developed a multiplexed liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry lipidomics platform able to achieve an enhanced coverage of plant lipidomes. The platform is based on a single extraction step followed by a series of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography separations. Post‐column flow is then directed to both a triple quadrupole analyzer for targeted profiling and a time‐of‐flight analyzer for accurate mass analysis. As a proof of concept, plants were subjected to cold or drought, which are known to trigger widespread remodeling events in plant cell membranes. Analysis of the leaf lipidome yielded 393 molecular species within 23 different lipid classes. This enhanced coverage allowed us to identify lipid molecular species and even classes that are altered upon stress, allowing hypotheses on role of glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPC), steryl glycosides (SG) and acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) in drought stress to be addressed and confirming the findings from numerous previous studies with a single, wide‐ranging lipidomics approach. This extended our knowledge on membrane remodeling during the drought response, integrating sphingolipids and sterol lipids into the current glycerolipid‐based model.
Evaluation of the relationship between clinical variables and thromboelastographic findings in dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy
Authors: White Carrie R. , Langston Cathy , Hohenhaus Ann E. , Lamb Kenneth , Hackner Susan , Fox Philip R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether hypercoagulability in proteinuric dogs, defined by thromboelastography (TEG), is related to the degree of proteinuria, presence of systemic arterial hypertension, presence of hypoalbuminemia, or reduced antithrombin activity.DesignProspective study of client‐owned dogs. Data collected from each patient included signalment, body weight, urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC), serum albumin concentration, TEG values, noninvasive arterial blood pressure, and AT activity. Hypercoagulability was diagnosed by TEG and odds ratios for other measurements were assessed by univariate logistic regression.SettingUrban referral center and teaching hospital.AnimalsSeventy‐six dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy (PLN) based on UPC, diagnosed between Oct 2009 and Oct 2012.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe prevalence of hypercoagulability was 89%. No statistically significant associations were detected between hypercoagulability and UPC, serum albumin, noninvasive blood pressure, or AT activity (all P > 0.05). The prevalence of thromboembolism was 6.6%.ConclusionsHypercoagulability was prevalent in dogs with PLN but could not be predicted based upon the presence or degree of proteinuria, systemic arterial hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, or low AT activity. The prevalance of thromboembolism was low in this population with PLN.
Understanding the Mediating Role of Symptoms of Stress on the Perceived Access to Training and Job Satisfaction Relationship
Authors: Chowhan James , Zeytinoglu Isik U. , Denton Margaret , Plenderleith Jennifer 
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of symptoms of stress on the relationship between perceived access to training and job satisfaction. The changing nature of work (i.e. workplace and job complexity) has implications for stress and job satisfaction outcomes. Concerns about stress and job satisfaction levels and their link to performance have created interest in training interventions to improve the adequacy of knowledge and skills. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 1396 nurses was collected from three large teaching hospitals. The positive relationship between employees’ perceived access to training and job satisfaction is increased by the partial mediation of symptoms of stress. Based on the evidence of this study, we recommend human resource staff and managers focus on training as a factor enhancing job satisfaction and mitigating stress.
What do we really know about newborn infant pain?
Authors: Fitzgerald Maria 
Published: October 2015

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Pain in infancy.

What advances does it highlight?
New neurophysiological research on pain processing in the human infant brain.
Increased awareness of pain in the newborn has led to the development of numerous assessment tools for use in neonatal intensive care units. Here, I argue that we still know too little about the neurophysiological basis for infant pain to interpret data from clinical observational measures. With increased understanding of how the neural activity and CNS connections that underlie pain behaviour and perception develop in the newborn will come better measurement and treatment of their pain. This review focuses upon two interconnected nociceptive circuits, the spinal cord dorsal horn and the somatosensory cortex in the brain, to highlight what we know and what we do not know about infant pain. The effectiveness of oral sucrose, widely used in clinical practice to relieve infant pain, is discussed as a specific example of what we do not know. This ‘hot topic review’ highlights the importance of new laboratory‐based neurophysiological research for the treatment of newborn infant pain.
Large Cohort Study of Central Venous Catheter Thrombosis during Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Guillet Stéphanie , Zeller Valérie , Dubée Vincent , Ducroquet Françoise , Desplaces Nicole , Horellou Marie Hélène , Marmor Simon , Ziza Jean Marc 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
The frequency and risk factors for central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) during prolonged intravenous (i.v.) antibiotic therapy have rarely been reported. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency, incidence, and risk factors for CRT among patients being treated with prolonged i.v. antibiotic therapy. The secondary objective was to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and clinical management. This cohort study was conducted between August 2004 and May 2010 in a French referral center for osteoarticular infections. All patients treated for bone and joint infections with i.v. antimicrobial therapy through a central venous catheter (CVC) for ≥2 weeks were included. Risk factors were identified using nonparametric tests and logistic regression. A case-control study investigated the role of vancomycin and catheter malposition. A total of 892 patients matched the inclusion criteria. CRT developed in 16 infections occurring in 16 patients (incidence, 0.39/1,000 catheter days). The median time to a CRT was 29 days (range, 12 to 48 days). Local clinical signs, fever, and secondary complications of CRT were present in 15, 8, and 4 patients, respectively. The median C-reactive protein level was 95 mg/liter. The treatment combined catheter removal and a median of 3 months (1.5 to 6 months) of anticoagulation therapy. The outcome was good in all patients, with no recurrence of CRT. Three risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis: male sex (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 26.6), catheter malposition (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 17.9), and use of vancomycin (OR, 22.9; 95% CI, 2.8 to 188). Catheter-related thrombosis is a rare but severe complication in patients treated with prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Vancomycin use was the most important risk factor identified.
Development of a Multiantigen Panel for Improved Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Lahey Lauren J. , Panas Michael W. , Mao Rong , Delanoy Michelle , Flanagan John J. , Binder Steven R. , Rebman Alison W. , Montoya Jose G. , Soloski Mark J. , Steere Allen C. , Dattwyler Raymond J. , Arnaboldi Paul M. , Aucott John N. , Robinson William H. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

The current standard for laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease in the United States is serologic detection of antibodies against
Borrelia burgdorferi
. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a two-tiered testing algorithm; however, this scheme has limited sensitivity for detecting early Lyme disease. Thus, there is a need to improve diagnostics for Lyme disease at the early stage, when antibiotic treatment is highly efficacious. We examined novel and established antigen markers to develop a multiplex panel that identifies early infection using the combined sensitivity of multiple markers while simultaneously maintaining high specificity by requiring positive results for two markers to designate a positive test. Ten markers were selected from our initial analysis of 62
B. burgdorferi
surface proteins and synthetic peptides by assessing binding of IgG and IgM to each in a training set of Lyme disease patient samples and controls. In a validation set, this 10-antigen panel identified a higher proportion of early-Lyme-disease patients as positive at the baseline or posttreatment visit than two-tiered testing (87.5% and 67.5%, respectively;
P
< 0.05). Equivalent specificities of 100% were observed in 26 healthy controls. Upon further analysis, positivity on the novel 10-antigen panel was associated with longer illness duration and multiple erythema migrans. The improved sensitivity and comparable specificity of our 10-antigen panel compared to two-tiered testing in detecting early
B. burgdorferi
infection indicates that multiplex analysis, featuring the next generation of markers, could advance diagnostic technology to better aid clinicians in diagnosing and treating early Lyme disease.