bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology reinforces proposed molecular phylogenetic affinities: a revised classification for Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Heikkilä Maria , Mutanen Marko , Kekkonen Mari , Kaila Lauri 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGelechioidea are one of the most species rich and least studied superfamilies of Lepidoptera. We examine the interrelationships within the superfamily using the densest taxon sampling to date, combined with the most extensive ever morphological and molecular character data. We perform partitioned and combined analyses using maximum likelihood, Bayesian and parsimony approaches. The combined dataset consists of 155 exemplar species of Gelechioidea, representing nearly all subfamilies recognized in recent classifications. Parsimony analyses are performed with a dataset including 28 additional terminal taxa with only morphological data available. We use eight genes with a total of 6127 bp, and morphological data with 253 characters derived from larval, pupal, and adult morphology. The analyses of combined data yield more resolved trees and significantly better‐supported groupings than either dataset when analysed alone. The recurrent monophyletic groupings in all our model‐based analyses support a revision of the family classification. Deeper relationships vary between analyses and data partitions, leaving them ambiguous. The place of the root remains a challenge for future research. We propose a revised classification and suggest the division of Gelechioidea into 16 families. We redefine Depressariidae Meyrick, 1883 for a monophylum that includes Acriinae, Aeolanthinae, Cryptolechiinae, Depressariinae, Ethmiinae, Hypercalliinae, Hypertrophinae, Peleopodinae, Oditinae, Stenomatinae, Carcina, and a diversity of predominantly New World taxa previously excluded from Lypusidae (Amphisbatidae s. authors) but left without family position. A monophyletic Oecophoridae s. s., including Deuterogoniinae and Pleurotinae, is obtained for the first time with significant support. Elachistidae s. l. is found to be polyphyletic, and Elachistidae is restricted to comprise Agonoxeninae, Elachistinae, and Parametriotinae. Batrachedridae are polyphyletic, with several genera pending further study. Apart from the core Batrachedra, the taxa previously included in this family are grouped in an expanded Pterolonchidae, together with Coelopoetinae and Syringopainae. Lypusidae s. s. and Chimabachidae form a monophylum; Chimabachinae is united with Lypusidae as a subfamily, stat. n. Our results contradict the subfamily classifications of several families, notably Lecithoceridae and Autostichidae, but due to insufficient sampling of taxa we refrain from comprehensive taxonomic conclusions on the subfamily level, and encourage focused studies to resolve these groups.
Clinical predictors of postoperative hemoglobin drift
Authors: Grant Michael C. , Whitman Glen J. , Savage Will J. , Ness Paul M. , Frank Steven M. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe decision to transfuse red blood cells in surgical patients should be based on multiple clinical variables, rather than on isolated hemoglobin (Hb) measurements alone. An important but often unrecognized clinical variable is the postoperative downward drift in Hb concentration (Hb drift), but the etiology, predictors, and time course of Hb drift are not well understood.Study Design and MethodsData were retrospectively collected for patients who did not receive postoperative transfusion. Initially, 11 common surgical procedures from one institution (n = 3179) were compared to assess clinical predictors of Hb drift. Data were analyzed in detail for two procedures associated with a large Hb drift (Whipple [n = 82] and lumbar spinal fusion [n = 74]), to determine the clinical predictors and temporal pattern of postoperative Hb drift.ResultsSurgical procedures with greater intraoperative intravenous (IV) fluid and blood requirements had greater postoperative Hb drift. The maximum Hb drifts after the Whipple and spinal fusion procedures were −2.5 ± 1.1 g/dL (occurring on Day 4, p < 0.0001) and −1.8 ± 1.2 g/dL (on Day 3, p < 0.0001), respectively. After the nadir, a 0.6 g/dL upward Hb drift (p < 0.0001) occurred after both procedures, resulting in a total drift after Whipple and spinal fusion of −1.9 ± 1.2 g/dL (p < 0.0001) and −1.3 ± 1.2 g/dL (p < 0.0001), respectively. Type of surgery (p = 0.03), intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.003), and a positive perioperative fluid balance (p = 0.0008) were independent predictors of Hb drift.ConclusionsPostoperative Hb drift was greater after surgical procedures with greater intraoperative IV fluid and blood requirements. Recognition of Hb drift may be an important facet of perioperative patient blood management.
Trade‐offs between global warming and day length on the start of the carbon uptake period in seasonally cold ecosystems
Authors: Wohlfahrt Georg , Cremonese Edoardo , Hammerle Albin , Hörtnagl Lukas , Galvagno Marta , Gianelle Damiano , Marcolla Barbara , di Cella Umberto Morra 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt is well established that warming leads to longer growing seasons in seasonally cold ecosystems. Whether this goes along with an increase in the net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake is much more controversial. We studied the effects of warming on the start of the carbon uptake period (CUP) of three mountain grasslands situated along an elevational gradient in the Alps. To this end, we used a simple empirical model of the net ecosystem CO2 exchange, calibrated, and forced with multiyear empirical data from each site. We show that reductions in the quantity and duration of daylight associated with earlier snowmelts were responsible for diminishing returns, in terms of carbon gain, from longer growing seasons caused by reductions in daytime photosynthetic uptake and increases in nighttime losses of CO2. This effect was less pronounced at high, compared to low, elevations, where the start of the CUP occurred closer to the summer solstice when changes in day length and incident radiation are minimal.
Differential impairments underlying decision making in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A cognitive modeling analysis
Authors: Chan Trista Wai Sze , Ahn Woo‐Young , Bates John E. , Busemeyer Jerome R. , Guillaume Sebastien , Redgrave Graham W. , Danner Unna N. , Courtet Philippe 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined the underlying processes of decision‐making impairments in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). We deconstructed their performance on the widely used decision task, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) into cognitive, motivational, and response processes using cognitive modeling analysis. We hypothesized that IGT performance would be characterized by impaired memory functions and heightened punishment sensitivity in AN, and by elevated sensitivity to reward as opposed to punishment in BN.MethodWe analyzed trial‐by‐trial data of IGT obtained from 224 individuals: 94 individuals with AN, 63 with BN, and 67 healthy comparison individuals (HC). The prospect valence learning model was used to assess cognitive, motivational, and response processes underlying IGT performance.ResultsIndividuals with AN showed marginally impaired IGT performance compared to HC. Their performance was characterized by impairments in memory functions. Individuals with BN showed significantly impaired IGT performance compared to HC. They showed greater relative sensitivity to gains as opposed to losses than HC. Memory functions in AN were positively correlated with body mass index.DiscussionThis study identified differential impairments underlying IGT performance in AN and BN. Findings suggest that impaired decision making in AN might involve impaired memory functions. Impaired decision making in BN might involve altered reward and punishment sensitivity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:157–167)
Stochastic Skew in the Interest Rate Cap Market
Authors: Leung Kwai S. , Ng Hon Y. , Wong Hoi Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe term structure of interest rates cannot be used to fully explain and hedge the prices of interest rate derivatives. Unspanned stochastic volatility improves the accuracy of interest rate derivatives valuation but is still inadequate to capture the variation of skews in the implied volatility surface. In this study, we document the stochastic variation of implied volatility skews in the interest rate cap market. To develop a term structure model that is consistent with the empirical phenomena, we incorporate the Wishart process into the standard LIBOR market model, namely, the LIBOR N‐dimensional Wishart (“LNW” for short) market model and derive a closed‐form, accurate, efficient caplet pricing formula. The capacity of the LNW model to capture stochastic skews is examined and compared with that of LIBOR multi‐Heston (“LMH” for short) market model with two and three stochastic volatilities. We find that the LNW model outperforms its LMH counterparts in terms of both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample pricing errors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:1146–1169, 2014
A new generation of poly(lactide/ε‐caprolactone) polymeric biomaterials for application in the medical field
Authors: Fernández J. , Larrañaga A. , Etxeberria A. , Wang W. , Sarasua J. R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThermoplastic biodegradable polymers displaying an elastomeric behavior are greatly valued for the regeneration of soft tissues and for various medical devices. In this work, terpolymers composed of ε‐caprolactone (CL), d‐lactide (d‐LA), and l‐lactide (l‐LA) were synthesized. These poly(lactide‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCLs) presented an elevated randomness character (R∼1), glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than 20°C and adjusted l‐LA content. In this way, the l‐LA average sequence length (lL‐LA) was reduced to below 3.62 and showed little or no crystallization capability during in vitro degradation. As a result, the obtained materials underwent homogenous degradation exhibiting KMw ranging from 0.030 to 0.066 d−1 and without generation of crystalline remnants in advanced stages of degradation. Mechanical performance was maintained over a period of 21 days for a rac‐lactide‐ε‐caprolactone copolymer composed of ∼85% d,l‐LA and ∼15% CL and also for a terpolymer composed of ∼72% l‐LA, ∼12% d‐LA and ∼16% CL. Terpolymers having l‐LA content from ∼60 to 70% and CL content from ∼10 to 27% were also studied. In view of the results, those materials having CL and d‐LA units disrupting the microstructural arrangement of the l‐LA crystallizable chains, an l‐LA content <72% and a random distribution of sequences, may display proper and tunable mechanical behavior and degradation performance for a large number of medical applications. Those with a CL content from 15 to 30% will fulfill the demand of elastomeric materials of Tg higher than 20°C whereas those with a CL content from 5 to 15% might be applied as ductile stiff materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3573–3584, 2014.
Conversion of major soy isoflavone glucosides and aglycones in in vitro intestinal models
Authors: Islam Mohammed A. , Punt Ans , Spenkelink Bert , Murk Albertinka J. , Rolaf van Leeuwen F. X. , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: November 2013

ScopeThis study compares conversion of three major soy isoflavone glucosides and their aglycones in a series of in vitro intestinal models.Methods and resultsIn an in vitro human digestion model isoflavone glucosides were not deconjugated, whereas studies in a Caco‐2 transwell model confirmed that deconjugation is essential to facilitate transport across the intestinal barrier. Deconjugation was shown upon incubation of the isoflavone glucosides with rat as well as human intestinal S9. In incubations with rat intestinal S9 lactase phlorizin hydrolase, glucocerebrosidase, and cytosolic broad‐specific β‐glucosidase all contribute significantly to deconjugation, whereas in incubations with human intestinal S9 deconjugation appeared to occur mainly through the activity of broad‐specific β‐glucosidase. Species differences in glucuronidation and sulfation were limited and generally within an order of magnitude with 7‐O‐glucuronides being the major metabolites for all three isoflavone aglycones and the glucuronidation during first pass metabolism being more efficient in rats than in humans. Comparison of the catalytic efficiencies reveals that deconjugation is less efficient than conjugation confirming that aglycones are unlikely to enter the systemic circulation.ConclusionAltogether, the data point at possible differences in the characteristics for intestinal conversion of the major soy isoflavones between rat and human, especially with respect to their deconjugation.
Synthesis of orthogonally addressable block copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and subsequent chemoselective postmodification
Authors: Mardyukov Artur , Tesch Matthias , Studer Armido 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis article describes the synthesis of bifunctional block copolymers (BCPs) of type 4 bearing orthogonally reactive backbone substituents such as 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropoxycarbonyl groups as active esters and α‐hydroxyalkylphenylketones (2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐phenylpropan‐1‐one) as additional photoactive moieties via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. As monomers 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate (HFIPA) and 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐(4‐vinyl)phenylpropan‐1‐one (HAK) are used. Controlled radical polymerization provides BCPs p(HFIPA)‐b‐p(HAK) with molecular weights (Mn) ranging from 15,000 to 37,000 g mol−1 and low molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.2–1.4). The incorporated HFIPA and HAK moieties are used for sequential chemoselective postmodification of 4. The photoactive block of 4 can be functionalized through a nitroxide photoclick trapping reaction in the presence of functionalized nitroxides and the active ester moieties of the p(HFIPA)‐block are readily thermally amidated using various amines. Chemically modified polymers are characterized by NMR, FTIR, and GPC methods which reveal a high degree of postfunctionalization, typically >95% for both orthogonal processes. The chemically modified polymers feature a narrow molecular weight distribution. The process is successfully applied to the synthesis of a small polymer library and also to the preparation of homo and block polynitroxides using 4‐amino‐TEMPO as amine component in the transamidation reaction. The polynitroxides obtained are characterized by cyclic voltammetry, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 52, 258–266
Synthesis and properties of cross‐linkable high molecular weight fluorinated copolyimides
Authors: Yao Hongyan , Zhang Yunhe , Liu Yu , You Kaiyuan , Liu Shanyou , Liu Baijun , Guan Shaowei 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA series of novel high molecular weight fluorinated co‐polyimides (Co‐PIs) containing styryl side chain based on 1,3‐bis(2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐aminophenoxy)‐5‐(2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorophenoxy)benzene (6FTFPB) were successfully synthesized. The weight‐average molecular weights (Mws) and polydispersities of the co‐polyimides were in the range 8.93–10.81 × 104 and 1.33–1.82, respectively. The co‐polyimide film showed excellent solubility in organic solvents, high tensile properties (tensile strength exceeded 91 MPa), excellent optical transparency (cutoff wavelength at 332–339 nm and light transparencies above 89% at a wavelength of 550 nm), and high thermal stability (5% thermal weight‐loss temperature up to 510 °C). The casting and spinning films could be cross‐linked by thermal curing. The cured films show better combination property (including excellent resistance to solvents) than that of co‐polyimides. For instance, the glass transition temperature of Co‐PI‐1 (the molar weight ratio of 6FTFPB was 30%) increased from 217 to 271 °C, the tensile strength enhanced from 94 to 96 MPa, the 5% thermal weight‐loss temperature improved from 514 to 525 °C. Moreover, after cured, Co‐PI‐1 film also has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value of 60.3 ppm °C−1, low root mean square surface roughness (Rq) at 4.130 nm and low dielectric constant of 2.60. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 349–359
Facile synthesis of heat‐resistant and photoluminescent poly(N‐aryleneindole ether)s via catalyst‐free CN/CO coupling reaction
Authors: Chang Guanjun , Yang Li , Yang Junxiao , Huang Yawen , Zhang Lin , Lin Runxiong 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe present here a novel programmable polymerization route for the synthesis of new indole‐based polymers via a catalyst‐free nucleophilic substitution reaction. The polycondensation of 4‐hydroxyindole with different activated difluoro monomers undergoes in N‐methylpyrrolidinone, affording soluble poly(N‐aryleneindole ether)s (PEINs) with high molecular weights (Mw up to 486,000) in high yields (up to 96%). The structures of the polymers are characterized by means of FT‐IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, the results show good agreement with the proposed structures. The resulting polymers are processable and enjoy high glass transition temperatures (Tgs > 180 °C) and thermal stability (Tds > 420 °C). Thin films of PEINs show great mechanical behaviors with high tensile strength up to 104 Mpa, and good optical transparency. In addition, due to the indole moieties in the main chains, all these PEINs are endowed with significantly strong photonic luminescence in chloroform and display highly solvent‐dependent emission bands. Especially, the polymer PEIN‐3 carrying sulfonyl units, shows outstanding blue‐light emission with high quantum yields (45.2%, determined against quinine sulfate). The results obtained by cyclic voltammetry suggest that PEINs possess good electroactivity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 313–320
Experimental and theoretical study of charge‐transfer complex hybrid polyimide membranes
Authors: Nishihara Masamichi , Christiani Liana , Staykov Aleksandar , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe nanostructure of sulfonated polyimide (SPI)/dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) derivative charge‐transfer (CT) complex hybrid films, which are noble alternative polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), is determined by a combined visible spectroscopy/quantum mechanical approach. From the visible spectra of SPI/2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene (2,6‐DHN) and 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene (1,5‐DHN) CT complex hybrid films, it is confirmed that these films have different maximum wavelength, although difference of the molecular structure is small. From the calculation based on the experimental result, SPI and DHNs form multiple interactions consisting of not only CT interaction, but also hydrogen bonding in multilayered structures. CT interaction between SPI and DHN defines the DHN position in the SPI matrix, with DHN sitting in the cavity formed between SPIs. The molecular structure of the CT films derived from the multiple and complex interactions can recognize small differences in the structural isomers and bring changes of the optical property. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 293–298
Model improvements for evaluating the effect of tower tilting on the aerodynamics of a vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Wang K. , Hansen M. O. L. , Moan T. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIf a vertical axis wind turbine is mounted offshore on a semi‐submersible, the pitch motion of the platform will dominate the static pitch and dynamic motion of the platform and wind turbine such that the effect of tower tilting on the aerodynamics of the vertical axis wind turbine should be investigated to more accurately predict the aerodynamic loads. This paper proposes certain modifications to the double multiple‐streamtube (DMS) model to include the component of wind speed parallel to the rotating shaft. The model is validated against experimental data collected on an H‐Darrieus wind turbine in skewed flow conditions. Three different dynamic stall models are also integrated into the DMS model: Gormont's model with the adaptation of Strickland, Gormont's model with the modification of Berg and the Beddoes–Leishman dynamic stall model. Both the small Sandia 17 m wind turbine and the large DeepWind 5 MW are modelled. According to the experimental data, the DMS model with the inclusion of the dynamic stall model is also well validated. On the basis of the assumption that the velocity component parallel to the rotor shaft is small in the downstream part of the rotor, the effect of tower tilting is quantified with respect to power, rotor torque, thrust force and the normal force and tangential force coefficients on the blades. Additionally, applications of Glauert momentum theory and pure axial momentum theory are compared to evaluate the effect of the velocity component parallel to the rotor shaft on the accuracy of the model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strain-specific proteogenomics accelerates the discovery of natural products via their biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Albright Jessica C , Goering Anthony W , Doroghazi James R , Metcalf William W , Kelleher Neil L 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The use of proteomics for direct detection of expressed pathways producing natural products has yielded many new compounds, even when used in a screening mode without a bacterial genome sequence available. Here we quantify the advantages of having draft DNA-sequence available for strain-specific proteomics using the latest in ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for both proteins and the small molecules they generate. Using the draft sequence of Streptomyces lilacinus NRRL B-1968, we show a &gt;tenfold increase in the number of peptide identifications vs. using publicly available databases. Detected in this strain were six expressed gene clusters with varying homology to those known. To date, we have identified three of these clusters as encoding for the production of griseobactin (known), rakicidin D (an orphan NRPS/PKS hybrid cluster), and a putative thr and DHB-containing siderophore produced by a new non-ribosomal peptide sythetase gene cluster. The remaining three clusters show lower homology to those known, and likely encode enzymes for production of novel compounds. Using an interpreted strain-specific DNA sequence enables deep proteomics for the detection of multiple pathways and their encoded natural products in a single cultured bacterium.
Local effects of gravity on foams
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Stewart Peter S. , Davis Stephen H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe stability of a two-dimensional surfactant-free (gas–liquid) foam in a gravitational field is considered. The foam is assumed to have low liquid fraction, so the gas phase can be divided into approximately polygonal bubbles separated by thin liquid films. These free films drain toward accumulations of liquid at the bubble vertices, the Plateau borders, and eventually rupture due to van der Waals intermolecular attractions; this drives foam coarsening through the coalescence of neighbouring bubbles. In particular, we demonstrate how gravitational effects strongly modify the shape of the Plateau border interfaces and enhance the drainage flow in the liquid films, driving non-uniform thinning with exponential decay of the minimum film thickness, significantly faster than the power-law thinning predicted when gravitational effects are negligible.