bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessment of the conservation status and protected area coverage of Taiwanese birds: How distribution modelling can help species conservation
Authors: WU TSAI-YU , WALTHER BRUNO A. , CHEN YI-HSIU , LIN RUEY-SHING , LEE PEI-FEN 
Published: June 2013

SummaryTaiwan has 145 breeding bird species, but so far no comprehensive attempt has been made to model their distributions. For the first time, we bring together various datasets to model the distributions of the 116 bird species with sufficient sampling coverage. We improved on previous limited modelling efforts by using ensemble modelling, based on five well-performing modelling approaches: multiple discriminant analysis, logistic regression, genetic algorithm for rule-set production, ecological niche factor analysis and maximum-entropy. We then used these ensemble models to improve our knowledge of the status of each bird species by (1) calculating each species’s coverage of Taiwan, (2) calculating each species’s coverage by Taiwan’s protected area network, and (3) comparing these two conservation-relevant measures with already established measures to highlight those species whose status may need to be reassessed. We categorised each species’s coverage of the entire study area as measured by their modelled distributions into four quartiles, thus establishing a new measure of rarity called ‘range quartile’ which we used to highlight the 22 species with a limited distribution on mainland Taiwan. We also calculated that overall, 29.8% of the distribution ranges of the 116 modelled species are covered by Taiwanese protected areas. We then identified those species whose status may need to be reassessed because of possible conflicts between the respective conservation-relevant measures. Thus we identified 10 species which are first-quartile species < 5% of whose distributions are protected, of which only five are considered threatened. We also identified another 12 species with limited distributions, 30 species with limited protection and 19 species whose status may need to be reassessed for various reasons. We recommend that range quartile and protected area coverage be incorporated into future assessments of the conservation status and protected area coverage of Taiwanese birds.
Importance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovarian physiology of mammals
Authors: Araújo Valdevane Rocha , Duarte Ana Beatriz Graça , Bruno Jamily Bezerra , Pinho Lopes Cláudio Afonso , de Figueiredo José Ricardo 
Published: June 2013

SummaryOvarian folliculogenesis in mammals is a complex process. Several compounds have been tested duringin vitroculture of follicular cells for a better understanding of the mechanisms and factors related to ovarian folliculogenesis in mammals. From these compounds, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can be highlighted, as it is strongly associated with angiogenesis and, in recent years, its presence in ovarian cells has been investigated extensively. Previous studies have shown that the presence of VEGF protein, as well as mRNA expression of its receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) increases during follicular development. Therefore, it is likely that the interaction between VEGF and VEGFR-2 is crucial to promote follicular development. However, few studies on the influence of this factor on follicular development have been reported. This review addresses aspects related to the structural characterization and mechanism of action of VEGF and its receptors, and their biological importance in the ovary of mammals.
Government on the Silver Screen: Contemporary American Cinema's Depiction of Bureaucrats, Police Officers, and Soldiers
Authors: Pautz Michelle C. , Warnement Megan K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMovies continue to be the most accessible art form to Americans and that reach allows films to have a tremendous effect on moviegoers. With more than a billion movie tickets sold annually in the United States, the ability of movies to influence the perceptions of moviegoers is pronounced. Frequently, the government is part of those depictions. Although film is routinely studied in a host of disciplines, a focus on the portrayal of government generally and government officials more specifically, remains elusive. Instead of using a case-study approach, we examine recent, popular films to investigate how government is portrayed generally and how individual governmental characters are depicted. For our sample, we use the top-10 box office grossing films from 2000 to 2009 to assess how government is depicted in the films most likely seen by the majority of movie-watching Americans. Perhaps unsurprisingly, we found that films generally have a mixed view of government with more negative depictions than positive. However, in examining bureaucrats, police officers, soldiers, and politicians, we found a much more positive depiction of these individual government characters. Americans may view government negatively, but in film they see positive depictions of individual civil servants.
Judicial Review and Constitutional Maintenance: John Marshall, Hans Kelsen, and the Popular Will
Authors: Wenzel Nikolai G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractConstitutional restraints on government are tricky and evanescent; government failure (a lapse into anarchy or leviathan) has historically been the norm, and constitutional success an infrequent exception. To shed light on constitutional maintenance, this article examines the concept of constitutional review by studying three competing systems: the American/Marshall system of judicial review; the Commonwealth/Westminster model of parliamentary sovereignty; and the Kelsen compromise between the two. Each system's strengths and weaknesses are assessed, as constitutional framers navigate the treacherous waters between the Scylla of parliamentary tyranny and Charybdis ofgouvernement des juges. In the end, neither extreme is perfect, but lessons are drawn from each of the three models.
Mitigating Mormonism: Overcoming Religious Identity Challenges with Targeted Appeals
Authors: Calfano Brian Robert , Friesen Amanda , Djupe Paul A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA persistent challenge for minority candidates is mitigating negative effects attributed to their unpopular group identity. This was precisely the case for Mitt Romney, a Mormon, as he sought and captured the 2012 Republican presidential nomination. We draw on existing public opinion data about the tepid reaction to Romney's Mormonism from within Republican ranks. Then, we review our own experimental data to examine a potential mitigation strategy, “God Talk,” and its emotional costs to the GOP. We find that Romney and similar candidates may avoid direct penalty by party rank-and-file for their minority attributes when using God Talk, but the associated affective response supporters direct at their party may carry yet-unknown putative costs for both party and candidate.
The Ten Commandments of Experiments
Authors: McDermott Rose 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBecause political science draws heavily from other disciplines—psychology and economics—in its use of experimental methods, we often fail to note how each experimental tradition developed in ways, while serving those field's primary goals, that often present contradictory imperatives that may not serve political science equally well. I provide a brief history of experimental traditions in psychology and economics, and then suggest, in all humility, an integrated set of best practices for the use of experiments in political science.
Political Science Funding Black Out in North America? Trends in Funding Should not be Ignored
Authors: Plazek David J. , Steinberg Alan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecent actions in Congress that threaten political science funding by the National Science Foundation (NSF) have caught the attention of political scientists, but this was not the first attack and not likely to be the last. Less than one year ago, the Harper government ended the Understanding Canada program, an important source of funding for academics in the United States and abroad. This article stresses the value of the program and the importance of this funding steam by demonstrating what the grants have done both more generally as well as for the authors individually. In addition, by looking at the political process that led to the end of the Understanding Canada program and the similarities in the attacks on NSF political science funding, this article identifies potential reasons why these funds were and are at risk. We conclude by arguing that normative action in support of political science is a necessity for all political scientists.
Behavioral and Cognitive Predictors of Educational Outcomes in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Arnett Anne B. , Peterson Robin L. , Kirkwood Michael W. , Taylor H. Gerry , Stancin Terry , Brown Tanya M. , Wade Shari L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractResearch reveals mixed results regarding the utility of standardized cognitive and academic tests to predict educational outcomes in youth following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, deficits in everyday school-based outcomes are prevalent after pediatric TBI. The current study used path modeling to test the hypothesis that parent ratings of adolescents’ daily behaviors associated with executive functioning (EF) would predict long-term functional educational outcomes following pediatric TBI, even when injury severity and patient demographics were included in the model. Furthermore, we contrasted the predictive strength of the EF behavioral ratings with that of a common measure of verbal memory. A total of 132 adolescents who were hospitalized for moderate to severe TBI were recruited to participate in a randomized clinical intervention trial. EF ratings and verbal memory were measured within 6 months of the injury; functional educational outcomes were measured 12 months later. EF ratings and verbal memory added to injury severity in predicting educational competence post injury but did not predict post-injury initiation of special education. The results demonstrated that measurement of EF behaviors is an important research and clinical tool for prediction of functional outcomes in pediatric TBI. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–9)
Predictors of Problematic Video Game Usage in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Mößle Thomas , Rehbein Florian 
Published: June 2013

Aim: The aim of this article is to work out the differential significance of risk factors of media usage, personality and social environment in order to explain problematic video game usage in childhood and adolescence. Method: Data are drawn from the Berlin Longitudinal Study Media, a four-year longitudinal control group study with 1 207 school children. Data from 739 school children who participated at 5thand 6thgrade were available for analysis. Result: To explain the development of problematic video game usage, all three areas, i. e. specific media usage patterns, certain aspects of personality and certain factors pertaining to social environment, must be taken into consideration. Video game genre, video gaming in reaction to failure in the real world (media usage), the children’s/adolescents’ academic self-concept (personality), peer problems and parental care (social environment) are of particular significance. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasize that in future – and above all also longitudinal – studies different factors regarding social environment must also be taken into account with the recorded variables of media usage and personality in order to be able to explain the construct of problematic video game usage. Furthermore, this will open up possibilities for prevention.
Mechanism and kinetics of a sodium-driven bacterial flagellar motor
Authors: Lo Chien-Jung , Sowa Yoshiyuki , Pilizota Teuta , Berry Richard M. 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Using new experimental methods, we measure the mechanical output of the bacterial flagellar motor, the rotary molecular machine that propels swimming bacteria, while varying both electrical and chemical components of the ion-motive force that drives it. We find that each independent torque-generating stator in the motor passes 37 ± 2 ions per revolution, at odds with previous indications of 26 or 52 ions. Fitting our data to theoretical models reveals the kinetics of the motor mechanism. Our thorough search of the multidimensional parameter space of generalized motor models, guided by experimental data, is an approach that may be widely applicable.
A microfluidic device for the continuous culture and analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans in a toxic aqueous environment
Authors: Jung Jaehoon , Nakajima Masahiro , Tajima Hirotaka , Huang Qiang , Fukuda Toshio 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) receives attention as a bioindicator, and the C. elegans condition has been recently analyzed using microfluidic devices equipped with an imaging system. To establish a method without an imaging system, we have proposed a novel microfluidic device with which to analyze the condition of C. elegans from the capacitance change using a pair of micro-electrodes. The device was designed to culture C. elegans, to expose C. elegans to an external stimulus, such as a chemical or toxicant, and to measure the capacitance change which indicates the condition of C. elegans. In this study, to demonstrate the capability of our device in a toxic aqueous environment, the device was applied to examine the effect of cadmium on C. elegans. Thirty L4 larval stage C. elegans were divided into three groups. One group was a control group and the other groups were exposed to cadmium solutions with concentrations of 5% and 10% LC50 for 24 h. The capacitance change and the body volume of C. elegans as a reference were measured four times and we confirmed the correlation between them. It shows that our device can analyze the condition of C. elegans without an imaging system.
No association of G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 5 or β‐adrenergic receptor polymorphisms with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a large Australian cohort
Authors: Figtree Gemma A. , Bagnall Richard D. , Abdulla Irfan , Buchholz Stefan , Galougahi Keyvan Karimi , Yan Warren , Tan Timothy , Neil Chris , Horowitz John D. , Semsarian Chris , Ward Michael R. 
Published: June 2013

AimsTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is an increasingly recognized syndrome in which patients present with chest pain and ST changes, and are observed to have reversible LV apical ballooning in the absence of angiographically significant coronary artery stenosis. Although the pathophysiology remains unclear, the syndrome occurs almost exclusively in women, and is often triggered by stress. Recent small studies have reported association of TC with functional variants in the G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) gene, as well as in the β1‐adrenergic receptor (β1AR) and β2AR.Methods and resultsWe tested these associations in a larger cohort of 92 TC patients. In addition we examined for the association of polymorphisms in the oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and catechol‐O‐methyl transferase (COMT) with the occurrence of TC, by comparing the allele frequency of these variants in the TC cohort with that in previously genotyped large Caucasian cohorts. Ninety‐two patients with TC were recruited from four Australian centres; they had an age range of 41–90 years (mean ± SD = 66.3 ± 9) and 89/92 were female. There were no significant differences in allelic frequency in the TC group vs. the historic control database for any of the loci.ConclusionIn the largest genotyped TC cohort in the literature, we have found no association of genetic variants in the ERα, β1AR, β2AR, or COMT genes, or with the previously implicated GRK5, with occurrence of the syndrome.
Interaction between baseline and early worsening of renal function and efficacy of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade in patients with heart failure: insights from the Val‐HeFT study
Authors: Lesogor Anastasia , Cohn Jay N. , Latini Roberto , Tognoni Gianni , Krum Henry , Massie Barry , Zalewski Andrew , Kandra Albert , Hua Tsushung A. , Gimpelewicz Claudio 
Published: June 2013

AimsWe evaluated the effect of (dual) renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade with valsartan and an ACE inhibitor [92.7% of patients were treated with an ACE inhibitor in the Valsartan in Heart Failure Trial (Val‐HeFT)] in patients with NYHA class II–IV heart failure (HF) and reduced EF on cardiovascular (CV) death and HF hospitalization by subgroups and by presence of early worsening of renal function (EWRF) and according to baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Methods and resultsWe analysed the data from 5010 patients enrolled in the Val‐HeFT study. A total of 2346 (46.8%) patients had baseline renal impairment (i.e. baseline eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Further, 425 patients (8.6%) had EWRF (i.e. eGFR decrease >20% within 1 month after randomization), whereas 4503 patients (91.4%) had ≤20% decline in eGFR. Overall, the difference between valsartan and placebo on the composite endpoint of CV death and HF hospitalization was significant [P = 0.0005; hazard ratio (HR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.92)]. In patients with baseline renal impairment, the difference between the treatment groups was also significant (P = 0.0002; HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66–0.88). Patients with EWRF had higher risk of CV death and HF hospitalization vs. those without ERWF (P < 0.0001; HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21–1.71), and within the EWRF group a significant difference was also observed between valsartan and placebo (P = 0.0086; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.89). However, the interaction between treatment and eGFR at Month 1 was not significant (P = 0.1160).ConclusionBenefits were maintained in patients with renal dysfunction at baseline and those who experienced EWRF.
Tracking the changes of a fish community following a megascale reclamation and ensuing mitigation measures
Authors: Tam Yin-Ki , Ni I-Hsun , Yau Cynthia , Yan Man-Yee , Chan Wai-Shan , Chan Sze-Man , Lu Hsueh-Jung 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Tam, Y-K., Ni, I-H., Yau, C., Yan, M-Y., Chan, W-S., Chan, S-M., Lu, H-J. 2013. Tracking the changes of a fish community following a megascale reclamation and ensuing mitigation measures. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1206–1219. A fish community in Hong Kong that had experienced megascale reclamation in Chek Lap Kok International Airport, and the ensuing marine protected areas (MPAs) establishment was tracked for 12 years. Significant shifts in community structure, typified by 17 species, were revealed by multivariate analyses and community metrics. Dynamic factor analysis disclosed two underlying common trends among them and their significant correlations with changes in water quality, area of seabed disturbance, and area of MPAs. A time-lag for detectable community changes was also revealed. During reclamation, the fish density was low and community health was poor. Large species disappeared leaving a community dominated by small, fast-growing and young-to-mature species. After completion of reclamation, some large and medium species returned, but soon after the establishment of MPAs, medium-sized, fast-growing and young-to-mature species thrived on reduction of fishing pressure, and filled the guilds rapidly. Therefore, even though fish density and community health were improved, the original community structure was not restored. This study provides a good reference for impacts of reclamation at the community level and the possible outcomes of reducing fishing pressure in a depleted fish community.
A proposed method for assessing the extent of the seabed significantly affected by demersal fishing in the Greater North Sea
Authors: Diesing Markus , Stephens David , Aldridge John 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Diesing, M., Stephens, D., and Aldridge, J. 2013. A proposed method for assessing the extent of the seabed significantly affected by demersal fishing in the Greater North Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1085–1096. The widespread impact of bottom towed fishing gear on benthic species and communities has long been recognized. The responses to a given intensity of fishing disturbance can be influenced by the extent to which these species and communities are preconditioned to disturbance by natural processes, in particular waves and currents. The advent of vessel monitoring system (VMS) and models of natural disturbance enable high-resolution and large-scale comparisons of fishing and natural disturbance. VMS data were employed to estimate the trawled area per 12 km by 12 km grid cell. We then quantified natural disturbance by estimating the number of days in a year the seabed was disturbed by tides and waves. As natural disturbance acts on large spatial scales, we assumed that each natural disturbance event affects whole grid cells. Frequencies could thus be translated into an area of impact, allowing us to compare fishing with natural disturbance. We show how such comparisons can be used to estimate the extent of different seabed substrate types significantly affected by demersal fishing. A measure of the probability that fishing disturbance exceeds natural disturbance provides one metric for identifying areas of significant trawling impact on seabed habitats and might be used to measure progress towards achieving good environmental status for sea-floor integrity within the context of the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive. For more than half the seabed in the English sector of the Greater North Sea, the results suggest that disturbance attributable to demersal fishing exceeds natural disturbance based on data from the years 2006 to 2008. The imbalance between natural and fishing disturbance is greatest in muddy substrates and deep circalittoral habitats.
Reproduction of the blue-footed booby predicts commercial fish abundance in the eastern tropical Pacific
Authors: Meraz Juan , Ancona Sergio , Rodríguez Cristina , Drummond Hugh 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Meraz, J., Ancona, S., Rodríguez, C., and Drummond, H. 2013. Reproduction of the blue-footed booby predicts commercial fish abundance in the eastern tropical Pacific. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1263–1272. To establish whether reproduction in a colony of the blue-footed booby in the eastern tropical Pacific predicts local abundance of prey fish several months later, 13 years of data were analysed. Eight reproductive variables assessed during the period of January–May, grouped in two factors, were related to commercial catches in the surrounding 6600 km2 area during the following June–December. The first factor explained 33% of interannual variance in fish captures per unit effort during June–December (future FCUE), and 63% when only El Niño years were considered. Also, the proportion of large clutches present on three single-day censuses in the spring explained 51, 46 and 35% of variance in future FCUE among all years, and 78, 85 and 82% of variance among El Niño years. In contrast, sea surface temperatures in March did not explain variance in future FCUE. Proportion of large clutches is a moderately good predictor of the abundance of commercial fish during the subsequent seven months and can be satisfactorily and cheaply measured on a single day.