bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POSS–Tetraalkylammonium Salts: A New Class of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Cardiano Paola , Lazzara Giuseppe , Manickam Sundar , Mineo Placido , Milioto Stefana , Lo Schiavo Sandra 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane ionic liquids (POSS‐ILs) based on the trimethylpropylammonium hepta(isooctyl)octasilsesquioxane cation and a variety of anions have been synthesized and characterized. Their thermal behavior has been ascertained by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses and differential scanning calorimetry; room temperature conductivity, dielectric constants, and dynamic contact angles have been investigated as well. The obtained data show that the presence of the POSS moiety is responsible not only for their thermal properties, but also for their low room‐temperature conductivity and dielectric constants, which, conversely, display slight differences originating from the nature of the anions. The long alkyl‐chain substituents on the POSS core infer on this series of ILs an overall hydrophobic character and solution properties comparable to those of classic cationic surfactants, resulting in an effective extractant capability of polyanions from aqueous solutions. Their solution diffusion properties, as investigated by room‐temperature dynamic light scattering, solution conductivity, density, and osmometric measurements, do not provide evidence for the occurrence of any significant self‐assembling processes.
Entzündlich, chronisch, folgenreich
Authors: Deschner James , Jepsen Søren , Jäger Andreas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractParodontitis ist eine komplexe Erkrankung. Wenn die vielschichtigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Zahnhalteapparat, Mundhöhle und Organismus besser verstanden werden, können Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie des Volksleidens davon profitieren.
Kommunizierende Räume
Authors: Voß Britta 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDemenzkranke haben häufig Orientierungsprobleme. Um ihren Alltag in Krankenhäusern und Pflegeheimen zu erleichtern, braucht es dort bauliche Verbesserungen. Die Dresdner Architektin und Emmy Noether‐Gruppenleiterin Gesine Marquardt wird hier zur Pionierin.
Zeit für Wissenschaft
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBundespräsident Joachim Gauck Ehrengast auf Festveranstaltung in Dortmund / Aufforderung zur Einmischung und Appell an die Verantwortung der Wissenschaft / DFG‐Präsident: Balance im Wissenschaftssystem als Notwendigkeit und Herausforderung
Deletion of CD74, a putative MIF receptor, in mice enhances osteoclastogenesis and decreases bone mass
Authors: Mun Se Hwan , Won Hee Yeon , Hernandez Paula , Aguila Hector Leonardo , Lee Sun-Kyeong 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein that can act as a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and plays a role in MIF-regulated responses. We reported that MIF inhibited osteoclast formation and MIF knockout (KO) mice had decreased bone mass. We therefore examined if CD74 was involved in the ability of MIF to alter osteoclastogenesis in cultured bone marrow (BM) from wild-type (WT) and CD74-deficient (KO) male mice. We also measured the bone phenotype of CD74 KO male mice. Bone mass in the femur of 8-week-old mice was measured by micro–computed tomography and histomorphometry. Bone marrow cells from CD74 KO mice formed 15% more osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) (both at 30 ng/mL) compared to WT. Addition of MIF to WT cultures inhibited OCL formation by 16% but had no effect on CD74KO cultures. The number of colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) in the bone marrow of CD74 KO mice was 26% greater than in WT controls. Trabecular bone volume (TBV) in the femurs of CD74 KO male mice was decreased by 26% compared to WT. In addition, cortical area and thickness were decreased by 14% and 11%, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(+) osteoclast number and area were significantly increased in CD74 KO by 35% and 43%, respectively compared to WT. Finally, we examined the effect of MIF on RANKL-induced-signaling pathways in bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cultures. MIF treatment decreased RANKL-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos protein in BMM cultures by 70% and 41%, respectively. Our data demonstrate that CD74 is required for MIF to affect in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Further, the bone phenotype of CD74 KO mice is similar to that of MIF KO mice. MIF treatment of WT cultures suppressed RANKL-induced activator protein 1 (AP-1) expression, which resulted in decreased osteoclast differentiation in vitro. We propose that CD74 plays a critical role in the MIF inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Polychlorinated biphenyls in prospectively collected serum and Parkinson's disease risk
Authors: Weisskopf Marc G. , Knekt Paul , O'Reilly Eilis J. , Lyytinen Jukka , Reunanen Antti , Laden Francine , Altshul Larisa , Ascherio Alberto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEvidence suggests possible Parkinson's disease (PD)–relevant neural effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. Limited epidemiological evidence suggests that polychlorinated biphenyl exposure may increase PD risk, but no studies have involved biomarkers of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure before PD onset. We examined the prospective association between serum polychlorinated biphenyls and PD. We conducted a nested case–control study within the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey with serum samples collected during 1968–1972 and analyzed in 2005–2007 for polychlorinated biphenyls. Incident PD cases were identified through the Social Insurance Institution's registry and were confirmed by medical record review (n = 101). Controls (n = 349) were matched on age, sex, municipality, and vital status. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios. There was no evidence of increasing risk of PD with increasing polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in adjusted analyses. Instead, there was a trend toward lower odds of PD with increasing serum polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations, which was most pronounced for the sum of all measured polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and the sum of dioxin‐like congeners. Compared with that of those in the lowest quintile, the odds ratio of PD among those in the highest quintile of total polychlorinated biphenyls was 0.29 (95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.70; P trend = .02) and for dioxin‐like congeners was 0.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.90; P trend = .05). These results do not support an increased risk of PD from polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and instead suggest a possible protective effect of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Do advanced cancer patients in Denmark receive the help they need? A nationally representative survey of the need related to 12 frequent symptoms/problems
Authors: Johnsen Anna Thit , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Pedersen Lise , Houmann Lise Jul , Groenvold Mogens 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the adequacy of help delivered by the healthcare system for 12 symptoms/problems in a national, randomly selected sample of advanced cancer patients in Denmark.MethodsAdvanced cancer patients (n = 1630) from 54 hospital departments across Denmark received the 3‐Levels‐of‐Needs Questionnaire (3LNQ). The 3LNQ measures ‘problem burden’, the degree to which a symptom or problem is perceived as a problem, and ‘felt need’, whether the patient receives adequate help. Prevalences were calculated for ‘problems’ (at least ‘a little’ of a problem), ‘moderate/severe problems’ (at least ‘quite a bit’ of a problem) and ‘felt need’ (inadequate help or no help despite wanting it).ResultsIn total, 977 (60%) patients participated. The most frequent ‘problems’ were fatigue (73%; ‘moderate/severe’ 36%) and limitations doing physical activities (65%; ‘moderate/severe’ 36%). For the 12 symptoms/problems assessed the prevalence of ‘felt need’ was 11–35%. Of the patients who had received help, 34–74% viewed the help as inadequate. Of those who had not received help, 48–78% wished for help.ConclusionAdvanced cancer patients are not receiving the help they need. Large proportions of patients were burdened by symptoms/problems. Of those who had received help, many viewed it as inadequate. Better symptom/problem identification and management is warranted for advanced cancer patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HYDROPOWER COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS AND CLIMATE WARMING IN CALIFORNIA'S UPPER YUBA RIVER WATERSHED
Authors: Rheinheimer D. E. , Yarnell S. M. , Viers J. H. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the trade‐offs between water for the environment and water for hydropower in regulated rivers can inform decision making about hydropower system planning, policy and operations, especially with anticipated climate warming–induced changes in runoff. This study used a multireservoir optimisation model to assess the hydropower effects of increasing minimum instream flows (MIFs) and imposing weekly scale down ramp rates (DRRs) in three locations in California's Upper Yuba River (UYR). The UYR is currently used for hydropower generation yet has high potential for freshwater habitat restoration. Trade‐offs between DRRs, MIFs and hydropower generation and revenue are explored with uniform air temperature increases of 0 °C, 2 °C, 4 °C and 6 °C to approximate anticipated regional climate warming. With 6 °C warming, the most ecologically beneficial MIF and DRR reduced hydropower generation by 7.9% and revenue by 5.5% compared with base case management and a historical climate. This has important implications for licensure of the UYR project and other hydropower projects, where multiple benefits under current and potential future conditions must be balanced. This study provides a methodological approach that can be used by water managers, regulators and stakeholders to better understand inherent trade‐offs in allocating water for multiple beneficial uses in a nonstationary hydroclimate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of feedback‐controlled bolus plus infusion (FC‐B/I) method for quantitative PET imaging of dopamine transporters with [18F]β‐CFT‐FE in conscious monkey brain
Authors: Harada Norihiro , Ohba Hiroyuki , Kakiuchi Takeharu , Tsukada Hideo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe competitive inhibition of dopamine transporters (DAT) with cocaine, a specific DAT inhibitor, was evaluated with a feedback‐controlled bolus plus infusion (FC‐B/I) method using animal positron emission tomography (PET) in the living brain of conscious monkey. 2β‐Carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐8‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl) nortropane ([18F]β‐CFT‐FE; Harada et al. [2004] Synapse 54:37–45) was used for this study because it provided specific, fast, and reversible kinetic properties to DAT in the striatum. In FC‐B/I method, the real‐time image reconstruction was started just after intravenous bolus injection of [18F]β‐CFT‐FE to generate a time‐activity curve in the striatum, and the infusion rate was adjusted to achieve an equilibrium state of the striatal radioactivity concentrations by means of a feedback‐control algorithm. The first equilibrium state in the brain was reached within 20 min after the infusion start. Intravenous administration of cocaine at the doses of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg shifted the equilibrium radioactivity level to the second equilibrium state in a dose‐dependent manner, while no significant alterations was observed in the cerebellum. The present results demonstrated that the combined use of FC‐B/I method and PET probe with fast kinetics like [18F]β‐CFT‐FE could be useful to assess the occupancy of drugs in the living brain with PET. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A learning progression for energy in socio‐ecological systems
Authors: Jin Hui , Anderson Charles W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article reports on our work of developing a learning progression focusing on K‐12 students' performances of using energy concept in their accounts of carbon‐transforming processes in socio‐ecological systems. Carbon‐transforming processes—the ecological carbon cycle and the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels—provide all of the energy for living systems and almost 90% of the energy for human economic activities. Energy, as a crosscutting concept across major disciplines, is a tool for analysis that uses the principle of energy conservation to constrain and connect accounts of processes and systems. Drawing on ideas from cognitive linguistics, the history of science, and research on students' energy conceptions, we identify two crucial practices that both scientists and students engage in when accounting for carbon‐transforming processes: association and tracing. Using association and tracing as progress variables, we analyzed student accounts of carbon‐transforming processes in 48 clinical interviews and 3,903 written tests administered to students from fourth grade through high school. Based on our analysis we developed a Learning Progression Framework that describes a progression from accounts that use energy as an ephemeral “force” that enables actors to make events happen to energy as a scientific tool for analysis. Successful students developed a sense of necessity with respect to accounts of carbon‐transforming processes—a sense that energy MUST be conserved and degraded in every individual process and in the system as a whole. This level of success was achieved by <3% of the students in our sample. Implications for science standards, curriculum, and instruction are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 1149–1180, 2012
Exon and intron definition in pre‐mRNA splicing
Authors: De Conti Laura , Baralle Marco , Buratti Emanuele 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOne of the fundamental issues in RNA splicing research is represented by understanding how the spliceosome can successfully define exons and introns in a huge variety of pre‐mRNA molecules with nucleotide‐precision. Since its first description, researchers in this field have identified and characterized many fundamental elements and players capable of affecting the splicing process, both in a negative and positive manner. Indeed, it can be argued that today we know a great deal about the forces that make an exon, an exon and an intron, an intron. As will be discussed in this review, these decisions are a result of a complex combinatorial control resulting from many different factors/influences. Most importantly, these influences act across several levels of complexity starting from the relatively simple interaction between two consensus 5′ and 3′ splice sites to much more complex factors: such as the interplay between silencer or enhancer sequences, transcriptional processivity, genomic milieu, nucleosome positioning, and histone modifications at the chromatin level. Depending on local contexts, all these factors will act either antagonistically or synergistically to decide the exon/intron fate of any given RNA sequence. At present, however, what we still lack is a precise understanding of how all these processes add up to help the spliceosome reach a decision. Therefore, it is expected that future challenges in splicing research will be the careful characterization of all these influences to improve our ability to predict splicing choices in different organisms or in specific contexts. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:49–60. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1140This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
“Do You Trust Him?” Children’s Trust Beliefs and Developmental Trajectories of Aggressive Behavior in an Ethnically Diverse Sample
Authors: Malti Tina , Averdijk Margit , Ribeaud Denis , Rotenberg Ken J. , Eisner Manuel P. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This study investigated the role of trust beliefs (i.e., trustworthiness, trustfulness) on aggression trajectories in a four-wave longitudinal study using an ethnically diverse sample of 8- to 11-year-old children (N = 1,028), as well as the risk profiles of low trust beliefs and low socioeconomic status on aggression trajectories. At Time 1 to Time 4, teachers provided ratings of overt aggressive behavior. At Time 1, children’s trust beliefs were assessed by a sociometric peer nomination instrument and derived using social relations analysis. Latent growth curve analysis revealed five trajectories of aggressive behavior: high-stable, medium-stable, low-stable, increasing, and decreasing. As hypothesized, children in the high-stable trajectory were perceived as less trustworthy than children in the low-stable, medium-stable, and increasing trajectories. Children in the high-stable trajectory were less trustful than children in the low-stable trajectory and had a significantly higher risk profile (i.e., low trust beliefs and low SES) compared to children in the low-stable trajectory. Our findings indicate that the developmental course of aggression during middle childhood is predicted by children’s trustworthiness and trustfulness. A risk profile of low trust and low socioeconomic status contributes to high-stable aggression trajectories.
The effect of intra‐peritoneal administration of Papaver bracteatum Lindl. extract on development of NMRI mice oocytes treated with Doxorubicin
Authors: Jafarian Zahra , Eimani Hussein , Azarnia Mahnaz , Shahverdi Abdol‐Hossein , Eftekhari‐Yazdi Poopak , Kamalinejad Mohammad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurposeThe effect of water–alcohol Papaver bracteatum Lindl. extract on development of mice oocytes treated with Doxorubicin (dox) was examined in this study.MethodsThe mice were classified into four groups. Control group, mice injected intraperitoneally (IP) with saline. Extract group alone, mice treated with 200 mg/kg of body weight (bw), IP, twelve consecutive days. Dox group alone, mice were given dox, IP, 10 mg/kg bw. Experimental group treated with extract and dox together. Effect of the extract on the development of mice oocytes treated with dox were evaluated through assisted reproductive technology techniques (ARTs).ResultsDevelopmental rate and blastocyst formation was improved by using the extract. A significant increase in in vitro developmental competence in comparison with dox group (P < 0.05) was observed.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that P. bracteatum Lindl. extract could prevent dox toxicity of dox affecting both follicle or oocytes, and therefore it can result in improved embryo development which was observed in mice treated with dox plus P. bracteatum Lindl. compared to mice treated with dox alone.
Brief report: The self harm questionnaire: A new tool designed to improve identification of self harm in adolescents
Authors: Ougrin Dennis , Boege Isabel 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe Self Harm Questionnaire (SHQ) aiming at identification of self‐harm in adolescents has been developed and piloted in a sample of 12–17 year olds (n = 100). The adolescents were recruited from both in‐ and outpatient psychiatric services. Concurrent validity of the SHQ was evaluated by comparing the SHQ results with recorded self harm in the entire clinical records, while the predictive value of the SHQ was assessed by reviewing the clinical records for further episodes of self harm after three months. 71% of the young people endorsed self harm on the SHQ. While 3% showed a false negative result on the SHQ, 20% of the participants disclosed self harm on the SHQ, which was not recorded in their clinical records. At three months follow up there was no statistically significant difference in either sensitivity .95, 95% CI [.72, 1.0] vs. .74, 95% CI [.49, .90] or specificity .35, 95% CI [.25, .46] vs. .51, 95% CI [.39, .62] between the SHQ and the entire clinical record in predicting future episodes of self harm. The SHQ is an important addition to the clinical repertoire designed to improve identification of self harm.
Hospital‐based prevalence of high‐risk cervical HPV types infecting the general population and female sex workers in Huzhou, China
Authors: Wang Xiang , Gu Donghua , Lou Bin , Xu Bin , Qian Fuchu , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of high‐risk HPV types among female sex workers and the general population in Huzhou, China.MethodsCervical samples from the general population (n = 292) and female sex workers (n = 288) in Huzhou, China, were collected between April, 2008, and October, 2009. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical data were obtained by interview. Genotyping of the HPV L1 gene was done via a PGMY09/PGMY11 PCR‐based assay, and the cervical samples were subjected to cytology analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of HPV was higher among female sex workers (66.7%) than among the general population (19.2%). Among female sex workers, HPV‐16 (28.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by HPV‐58 (24.0%) and HPV‐52 (20.8%). The percentage of cervical abnormalities was higher among female sex workers (20.8%) than among the general population (4.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that education level and condom use during coitus were significantly associated with HPV infection (P < 0.05). HPV‐16, HPV‐58 and HPV‐52 were the dominant types, and were significantly associated with abnormal cervical cytology (P < 0.05).ConclusionFemale sex workers in Huzhou, China, were found to have a greater probability of being infected with high‐risk HPV, and novel vaccines against HPV‐58 and HPV‐52 should be developed. Using condoms could reduce the risk of infection.
Outcomes and feasibility of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy among obese versus non‐obese women
Authors: Thubert Thibault , Naveau Alix , Letohic Arnaud , Villefranque Vincent , Benifla Jean Louis , Deffieux Xavier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare complication rates and short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy among obese and non‐obese women.MethodsA retrospective multicenter study of 39 obese women and 111 non‐obese women was conducted. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) above 30. Operative parameters (length of operation, associated procedures, complication rate, and length of hospitalization) and short‐term (2 months) objective and subjective results were evaluated.ResultsThe median BMI in the obese group was 30.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 30–32) versus 23 (IQR 21–25) in the non‐obese group (P < 0.0001). Short‐term anatomic results (postoperative stage of prolapse) were comparable in the obese and non‐obese groups: stage 0–1, 87.1% versus 91.6% (P = 0.60); stage 2, 10.2% versus 5.5% (P = 0.60); stage 3–4, 2.5% versus 2.5% (P = 0.60). Complication rates were also similar in the obese and non‐obese groups: bladder injury, 2.5% versus 5.4% (P = 0.77); laparoconversion, 5.1% versus 4.5% (P = 0.77). Rates of reoperation (excluding women with de novo urinary stress incontinence) were 12.8% in the obese group and 8.1% in the non‐obese group (P = 0.58).ConclusionLaparoscopic sacrocolpopexy has similar complication rates and short‐term outcomes among both obese and non‐obese women.